Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Protective Effect of Apple Polyphenols on Acute Ethanol-Induced Neurobehavioral Damage in Mice

The present study was to determine the protective effect of apple polyphenols on acute ethanol-induced neurobehavioral damages in mice as well as its possible mechanism of action. A loss of righting reflex test in mice was used to study the protective effect of apple polyphenols on the hypnotic effect caused by acute ethanol intake (4.0g/kg, i.p). Rotarod performance test in mice was used to study the protective effect of apple polyphenols on motor ataxia caused by acute ethanol intake (2.4g/kg, i.p). Blood ethanol concentration and alcohol dehydrogenase activity were measured using assay kits. Pretreatment with apple polyphenols (400 and 800mg/kg) for 1, 3, and 7 days significantly shortened acute ethanol-induced duration of righting reflex loss in Loss of Righting Reflex Test. Pretreatment with apple polyphenols (200mg/kg) for 3 and 7 days and apple polyphenols (200, 400 and 800mg/kg) for 1, 3, and 7 days significantly prolonged the latency to fall off the rotarod after acute ethanol injection in rotarod performance test. All doses of apple polyphenols decreased blood ethanol concentration while apple polyphenols (800mg/kg) increased hepatic alcohol dehydrogenase activity after acute ethanol injection. These results indicate that apple polyphenols have significant protective effects against the hypnotic effect and motor ataxia induced by acute ethanol. These effects may partially occur via a mechanism linked to promoting ethanol metabolism.
International Journal of Scientific Research in Computer Science, Engineering and Information Technology

This contribution deals with demonstration of software-computational methods (CAD) to digitalize, simulate, and fit mathematically the anterior vertebral body morphometry of cadaveric lumbar spines. From previous research publications, computational techniques are developed and explained. Based on anatomical-cadaveric spinal specimens, experimental data was implemented to obtain practical surgical applications. With these anatomical samples, large sets of surface digital points were generated. Complete anterior vertebral body morphologies were visualized and analyzed with designed software-engineering. Selection method for extraction of Regions of Interest (ROIs) is presented. Applications of Lumbar anterior, vertebras, and intervertebral disks surfaces, are explained. Further biomedical anatomical analysis applications are included. Results comprise realistic anatomical representations of lumbar spine. Important applications in computational design, surgical robotics, and optimization of surgery tools and techniques are presented.
The Effect of Technology in EFL classroom

Technology and education are a great combination if used together with a right reason and vision. The present study is an attempt to examine teachers and learners using technological aids and EFL context. It would the useful to employ technological aids such as; tape recorder, CD video, computer and internet to improve students' learning skill. In order to investigate how often teachers use technological devices, 15 ELT teacher and 35 ELT learners participated in this survey. These participants were asked to answer 10 items of the questionnaire and interview which were designed to examine teachers& learners using technology. Both teachers and learners believe that technology enables the young minds to have a critical thinking, advance knowledge, and entertainment simultaneously
IN VIVO AND IN VITRO EVALUATION OF TEPHROSIA CALOPHYLLA FOR ANTI-DIABETIC

Objective: The objective the present work was to investigate in vivo and in vitro anti-diabetic potentials of methanol extract of Tephrosia calophylla against alloxan-induced diabetes in albino rats. Methods: For in vivo evaluation, diabetes was induced in albino rats by administering a single dose of alloxan. The study was designed to test the acute effect of methanol extract of Tephrosia calophylla (TCME) to reduce blood glucose in OGTT. The chronic study of 21 d was performed against diabetic rats and blood glucose was determined at 1st, 7th, 14th and 21st day. In chronic in vivo study, serum concentrations of insulin, urea, creatinine, total cholesterol, triglycerides, ALT and AST were also estimated at 21st day. The in vitro α-glucisidase inhibitory activity and α-amylase inhibitory activity were performed and IC50 Results: In OGTT, standard glibenclamide and TCME at 400 mg/kg treated animals have shown significant reduction in blood glucose at 90 min but at 120 min, blood glucose level (BGL) was significantly reduced in glibenclamide and TCME at 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg treated animals compared to diabetic control group. In chronic modelthe methanol extract effectively reduced blood glucose levels (P<0.001) at 14 th and 21 values of the extract was determined. The glucose uptake by rat hemidiaphragm model was also used test potentials of the extract to increase utilization of the glucose by tissues. st day of study in therapeutic groups and effect was comparable to that of standard. The extract could also significantly (P<0.001) reduce concentrations of SGOT, triglycerides (TGs), Total cholesterol (TC) and urea in serum and significantly (P<0.001) increased the insulin level in blood which proves beneficial effects of the extract in diabetes. The change in concentrations of SGPT and urea were less significant (P>0.01). In vitro studies, against both α −glucosidae and α − amyalase inhibitory activities, extract has shown significant IC50 Conclusion: The results obtained from the present study suggest that, the methanol extract of Tephrosia calophylla possess significant in vivo antidiabetic properties against alloxan induced diabetes in rats. The results also suggests that, TCME also possess the significant in vitro anti-dabetic potentials. values and it also enhanced glucose utilization by rat hemidaphragm.
Timing it right: the challenge of recipient selection for lung transplantation

Selection criteria for the referral and potential listing of patients for lung transplantation (LTx) have changed considerably over the last three decades but one key maxim prevails, the ultimate focus is to increase longevity and quality of life by careful utilization of a rare and precious resource, the donor organs. In this article, we review how the changes have developed and the outcomes of those changes, highlighting the impact of the lung allocation score (LAS) system. Major diseases, including interstitial lung disease (ILD), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and pulmonary hypertension are considered in detail as well as the concept of retransplantation where appropriate. Results from bridging to LTx using extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) are discussed and other potential contraindications evaluated such as advanced age, frailty and resistant infections. Given the multiplicity of risk factors it is a credit to those working in the field that such excellent and improving results are obtained with an ongoing dedication to achieving best practice.
Studies on Effect of Cooperative Learning on Children ’ s Learning Preferences

Cooperative learning is a teaching method where students of mixed levels of ability are arranged into groups, and rewarded according to the group's success, not the success of an individual member. It aims to organize classroom activities into academic and social learning experiences. In cooperative learning situation, students must work in groups to complete tasks collectively toward academic goals. Unlike individual learning, which can be competitive in nature, students learning cooperatively can capitalize on one another’s resources and skills (asking one another for information, evaluating one another’s ideas, monitoring one another’s work, etc.). Everyone succeeds when the group succeeds. Research on cooperative learning demonstrated overwhelmingly positive results and confirmed that cooperative modes are cross-curricular. The positive outcomes included academic gains, improved race relations and increased personal and social development. Students who fully participated in group activities, exhibit collaborative behaviors, provide constructive feedback, and cooperate with their groups have a higher likelihood of receiving higher test scores and course grades at the end of the learning duration. Cooperative learning is an active pedagogy that fosters higher academic achievement. Increases motivation and encourage students to learn in cooperative set up. Cooperative learning has also been found to increase attendance, time on task, enjoyment of school and classes, and independence. This paper focuses on the research studies on effect of cooperative learning on learning preferences of children.
Factors affecting cobalt uptake by cobalt-trained Mucor rouxii NRRL 1894 biomass

Studies on the mechanism of cobalt biosorption by cobalt-trained Mucor rouxii NRRL 1894 biomass were conducted to determine the environmental conditions that would speed up this process. The rate of CO+2 removal from solution proceeded rapidly and it appeared to be virtually complete during the initial 5 min., and very slowly increased by time until reached to the maximum after 3h. of incubation of the biomass with cobalt solution. This pattern of accumulation was identical in biomass treated with metabolic inhibitors (NaN3 or DNP) or heat-killed biomass. Cobalt removal from solution by the biomass was not affected by the change in temperature (25oC to 50oC) and was only affected by reduced temperature (5oC). The effect of pH was very significant in terms of the potential applicability of recovery since cobalt removal from solutions increased linearly with the increase in pH within the range of pH 1.5 to 6.0. The amount of CO+2 removed increased as the initial concentration increased, and the removal was efficient (80.9%) in solution containing up to 147.8 ppm CO+2, while the uptake capacity increased at 197 ppm CO+2, suggesting a saturation kinetics with respect to CO+2 concentration. The efficiency of sorption of cobalt and zinc dust mixture was that of sorption of cobalt from its pure solution or zinc dust from its pure suspension, on the other hand, the M. rouxii biomass removed 93.36-96.80% of zinc dust. The uptake of cobalt from 42x10-1m eq/l of cobalt solution was not affected by the presence of either Ca+2, Mg+2 or Na+2 (light metal ions) or from a solution containing all these light meal cations.
Teaching TOEFL Listening through Films and Simplified Listening Passages

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of watching films and listening to simplified passages on the listening skills required for the TOEFL test. Three groups of TOEFL students were taught listening classes through different methods. In one group Hollywood films were watched with subtitles on. In another simplified listening passages from Voice of America were given. The last group continued studying through TOEFL software. All data are analyzed by SPSS/PC program. The randomized pretest and post test control group design was used. This study was carried out in a private language course with 18 university students. Students listening to simplified passages had higher scores on posttest than those in control group and those watching films.
A study for comparison between immune status of dairy Egyptian buffaloes and the crosses of Egyptian-Italian buffaloes under the Egyptian environment.

A total of 70 milk samples (35 milk samples from Egyptian buffaloes and 35 milk samples from Egyptain-Italian buffaloes) collected from dairy buffalo farm in Egypt through the period from January to December 2014 used for the evaluation. Sample was examined for California mastitis test (CMT) and somatic cell count (SCC). Also measure of milk constituent by using infra milk analyzer 150, from Bentley. Studies were included total milk yield (TMY), lactation period (L), percent of protein and fats in milk also calculated the present of lysozymes and nitric oxide to measure the immune status. In this study we recorded age of first calving was 32 months in Egyptain buffaloes while in EgyptainItalian buffaloes 28 month. The lactation period was 257 days in Egyptain buffaloes while in EgyptainItalian buffaloes 281 days. Also, the average milk/day was 7-8liters/day for Egyptain buffaloes but in EgyptainItalian buffaloes recorded 12-14 liters/day. The mastitic cases in the season were highest rates in Egyptain buffaloes about 10 (14.29%) while in EgyptainItalian buffaloes 2 (2.86%). In this study, protein contents were significantly higher (P<0.05) in Egyptain-Italian buffaloes (4.16± 0.22%) compared with Egyptain buffaloes (3.69±0.14%). The fat percent in Egyptain buffaloes was 5.48±0.31gm while in Egyptian-Italian buffaloes were 9.23±0.40 gm. In this study lactose percent was 5.13 ±0.28 mg% in Egyptain buffaloes while recorded 5. 7 ± 0.27mg% in Egyptian-Italian buffaloes. Also the percent of SNF was 9.25±0.4mg% in Egyptain buffaloes while recorded 10. 75±-0.51 mg% in Egyptian-Italian buffaloes. Salt value recorded 70 – 75 IU in Egyptain buffaloes while recorded 8 – 9.5 IU in Egyptian-Italian buffaloes. SCC was 130 x 10 to 170 x 10/ml in Egyptain buffalo milk but 100 x 10 to 120 x 10/ ml in Egyptain-Italian buffalo milk. The immune status recorded 262.4 ± 81. 8 for production of lysozyme in Egyptain buffaloes while recorded 188. 8 ±67.5 in Egyptain-Italian buffaloes. The measurement of nitric oxide production was 182.21 ±41.5 in Egyptain buffaloes while in Egyptian-Italian buffaloes 198 ± 30.2. It can be concluded that paying more attention to the genetic improvement of the Egyptian buffalo is quite likely to improve its productive performance using Italian buffalo for improving the national milk production from buffalo. More studies are needed for the productive, reproductive and genetic diversity of crossbred populations before the enhancement of crossbreeding activities on national level. [Hanaa A. Allam, Manal, B. Mahmoud and Fathi, A. A study for comparison between immune status of dairy Egyptian buffaloes and the crosses of Egyptian-Italian buffaloes under the Egyptian environment. J Am Sci 2015;11(1):53-56]. (ISSN: 1545-1003). http://www.jofamericanscience. org. 8
Pharmacognostical and Pharmaceutical Assay of Treesa Haritaki (Terminalia chebula Retz.)

Context: Ayurveda has abundant collection of effective single and poly herbal formulations against diseases. In the era of increasing demand for traditional medicines, maintaining quality standards is must. Haritaki (Terminalia chebula Retz.) is one of vastly used drug in various ayurvedic formulations. Aims: The present study was aimed at setting a standard pharmacognostical and pharmaceutical profile of Treesa Haritaki. Materials and Methods: Treesa Haritaki (Terminalia chebula Retz.) was subjected to pharmacognostical, physicochemical, phytochemical and HPTLC analysis as per standard protocols. Results: Pharmacognostical findings of the drug are yellowish brown tannin contain, starch grain, simple and lignified scleroids etc. Physico-chemical parameters are as per API standard protocol. HPTLC gave the fingerprint of the drug with thirteen and eight spots on short and long UV, respectively. Conclusions: The quality of Haritaki Churna can be tested by series of pharmacognostical, physicochemical, phytochemical and HPTLC screening for its authenticity as per finding of the present study.
A Comparative Study between Indigenously Prepared Green Tea and Green Tea in Combination with Triclosan as Mouth Rinse in Reducing Streptococcus mutans Count in the Children

Introduction: Maintaining good oral hygiene is of utmost importance for the overall well being of an individual. So, the aim of the present study is to compare the anti-microbial efficacy of indigenously prepared 2% green tea and 2% green tea in combination with 0.03% triclosan mouth rinse on Streptococcus mutans colony count in children aged between 7-12 years. Materials and methods: Unstimulated saliva was collected from 26 healthy children aged between 7-12 years. These were randomly divided into Group 1 receiving green tea mouth rinse and Group 2 receiving green tea and triclosan combination mouth rinse. The Streptococcus mutans load was assessed using mitis salivarius bacitracin agar by collecting saliva before and after 30 minutes of the intake of mouth rinses in respective groups. Data were analyzed using student t-test (p<0.05 is considered as statistically significant). Results: There was significant difference between salivary Streptococcus mutans count before and after (p<0.001) intake of both the rinses. However, the combination of 2 % green tea and 0.03% triclosan showed a significantly greater reduction of Streptococcus mutans count than the 2% green tea alone. Conclusion: There was a significant greater reduction in S. mutans count in the combination mouth rinse than the green tea alone. The use of green tea alone, or in combination with triclosan, as mouth rinse appears to be effective for regular use as a part of a daily preventive regime in children.
The Connection Between Animal Stress and Meat Production: Uncoupling of the Growth Hormone/ Insulin-Like Growth Factor 1 Axis1,2,3

1We thank J. Sartin and T. Elsasser for providing access to their data and L. Hulbert for technical assistance with anatomical figures. 2Mention of trade names or proprietary products does not constitute a guarantee or warranty of the product by the USDA and does not imply its approval to the exclusion of other products that may also be suitable. 3Some data presented within tables and figures of this manuscript have been recreated with permission from the primary authors. Corresponding author: Jeff.Carroll@ars.usda. gov The Connection Between Animal Stress and Meat Production: Uncoupling of the Growth Hormone/ Insulin-Like Growth Factor 1 Axis1,2,3
Changes in Physical Properties of Red Soils "Terre de Barre” in South of Togo Under Different Compost Application Doses

This work deals with assessing the impact of compost of household waste and poultry manure on physical properties of red soils commonly called “Terre de barre” in southern Togo. Field experiments were conducted in coastal zone of Togo during four seasons of crops alternating tomato-maize-tomato- maize. Two types of composts were applied at doses of 0, 10, 20, 30 and 40 t ha-1 respectively. One of the composts was elaborated with 100% of household solid wastes and the other with 70% of household wastes mixed with 30% of poultry manure. On each plot, composts were incorporated into the soil depth layers of 0 – 15 cm. Soil samples were randomly collected in surface layer (0 - 15 cm) from plots for measurement of organic matter content, bulk density, total porosity and moisture content. Soil water infiltration rates were measured in situ in the field using infiltration rate double ring cylinder. The results showed that composts affected the soil parameters studied. Soil bulk densities were reduced. However, organic matter content, total porosity, moisture retention and water infiltration rate increased with compost application doses increasing. Finally, it can be concluded that household waste compost has pronounced effects on the physical properties of red soils in southern Togo. Composting of household urban solid wastes will solve environmental problem and will contribute to improve soil quality and agricultural productivity.
Road-traffic related Deaths in Accra Ghana: A 10-year Retrospective Autopsy Study at the Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra (2004–2013)

Background: Road Traffic Accident related (RTA) deaths are common in young Ghanaian adults and are therefore of public health concern. Reliable data on the categories of victims who are commonly involved and the patterns and outcomes RTA are limited in Ghana. The aim of this study was to describe the spectrum of road traffic relateddeaths in Accra Ghana, the demographic characteristics of the victims and the immediate causes of death using a retrospective autopsy study. Materials and methods: This was a retrospective autopsy study conducted in our institution from 1st January 2004 to 31st December 2013. The data was analysed using SPSS software (Version 23). Results: During the period under review, 6.1% of all coroner autopsy performed in our institutions were RTArelated deaths. The younger age 20-29 years group, were commonly involved (22.2%) with male predominance (77.7%). The victims of RTA-related deaths were pedestrians (59.9%), passengers (19.3%), motor riders (8.7%), drivers (6.8%) cyclists (2.2%) and pillion riders (1.5%). The mean ages in years of these victims were: pedestrians (37.6), passengers (37.0), drivers (39.1), motor riders (32.0) pillion riders (31.7) and cyclists (37.2). The common immediate causes of deaths in all the victims were head injury, multiple bony and soft tissue injuries. Conclusion: Approximately 6.1% of all coroner autopsies performed during the study period were RTA-related deaths, particularly the young male adults. The most affected victims were the pedestrian knockdowns, passengers and motor riders. Majority of the victims died of severe head injury and multiple bony and soft tissues injuries and died as a result of these injuries.
Diabetes in Rural Rwanda: High Retention and Positive Outcomes after 24 Months of Follow-up in the Setting of Chronic Care Integration

Aims: This study describes the baseline characteristics and 24 month outcomes of diabetic patients managed in an integrated chronic care program at public facilities in rural Rwanda. Methods: Retrospective review of routine electronic medical records of patients treated for diabetes between October 1, 2006 and September 30, 2014 was conducted. Baseline demographic and clinical characteristics are described. Outcomes of HbA1c values, loss to follow-up and death are reported. Results: Of 544 patients enrolled, 305 (56.1%) were female and twenty-two (4.0%) were younger than 18 years. Of those with adequate documentation, 72.3% were subsistence farmers, 35.8% had baseline BMI ≥ 25, and 5.3% were current smokers. Median HbA1c was 10.3% (IQR: 8.3, 11.9) at baseline and 8.2% (IQR: 6.3, 10.1) at seven to 12 months of follow-up. For 394 patients with at least 24 months between enrollment and study period end, 66 (16.8%) were lost-to-follow-up, 12 (3.0%) died within the first 24 months and 316 (80.2%) were alive and in care. Conclusions: Our findings indicate that diabetes can be effectively managed with reasonable outcomes in a rural resource-limited setting. We also found relatively low lifestyle risk factors and comorbidities among our patients compared with those in the United States and Europe.