Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Biological efficacy of Metarrhizium anisopliae and Entomophothra muscae in biological control of Culex quinquefasciatus Say

The biological efficacy of of Metarrhizium anisopliae and Entomophothra muscae in the biological control of the first and fourth larval phases and adult male and female mosquitoes was studied. Culex quinquefasciatus Say Mosquito Breeding Cx. quinquefasciatus Say was conducted in the laboratory at a temperature of 25 ± 2 ° C, relative humidity 65 ± 5 of light a period of 12 hours / day the adult phase. He gave the fungus M. anisopliae at concentration of / 1 x 106 spore lml had the highest mortality ratio of 78.19% for the first larval age after 48 hours, while the suspension for E.muscae at concentration 1 x 106 sporel mlgave the highest mortality rate of 69.63% for the fourth larval age after 48 hours. M. anisopliae at concentration / 1 x 106 spore l ml highest mortality ratio 84.83% for the first larval age after 48 hours while the suspended for mushroom E. muscae at concentration 1 x 106 spore / ml gave the highest mortality rate 67.63% for the fourth larval age after 48 hours. The highest killing rate was 97.66% for males and 99.91% for females after 72 hours when using the concentration of 1 × 610 spore / ml of the fungus M. anisopliae, while the killing rate was 99.54% for males and 98.43% for females after 72 hours when concentrated / 1 x 106 spore l ml of for E.muscae fungus.
A Routine Activity Analysis of Selected Rape Cases during COVID-19 Lockdown in Nigeria

Using five popular rape victimisation cases which occurred during COVID-19 lockdown in Nigeria, this paper shows how the mastery of routines of rape victims by sexual predators enhanced the success of rape victimisation. Elements of routine activity theory such as motivated offender, attractive targets and absence of capable guardianship is used to analyse each case to signpost and underscore the importance and centrality of active capable guardianship to dislodge and neutralise rape offenders’ routine mastery around attractive targets. The paper recommends mounting capable guardianship to checking growing menace of rape in Nigeria. Attractive target should eliminate risky routines and poisonous relationship which could enhance their chances of sexual violation.
Seeing Gender in Policing: Uniforms and Perceived Aggression

Abstract Policing has historically been conceptualized as a masculine and male-dominated profession. As part of the present research, we test two competing hypotheses about the effects of officer gender on citizens’ (N = 251) perceptions of officer aggression. Our results reveal that women are perceived as less aggressive than men when wearing civilian clothes, but similarly aggressive as men when wearing their police uniform. By experimentally testing the salience of policing versus gender cues on judgments of officers, we provide insight into the gendered dynamics of policing and complement existing research in the fields of criminology and psychology.
Long Term Crop-Livestock Managements on Physical Soil Attributes and Total Organic Carbon

Crop-livestock system (CLS) based on summer crops, as soybean and corn, in rotation with oat+ryegrass pasture in winter for dairy products, is the most adopted productive system at the southern region of Parana, Brazil. Although its management needs to be evaluated, in order to improve its sustainability. In this sense, this study aimed to measure the impacts of management practices of five smallholder farms on soil quality, considering the soil use history. Soil samples were collected to determine soil bulk density (BD), macroporosity (Ma), microporosity (Mi), weighted mean diameter (WMD) in each area under CLS, summer pasture and native forest, as a control. Areas under CLS altered soil physical attributes (higher BD and Mi and lower Ma) in relation to the non-anthropized area as a consequence of animal trampling. However, the conservationist management adopted, with the soil cover maintenance along with years of minimum tillage, the use of grasses with aggressive roots along with the winter period, did not culminate in limitations of soil functions. Soil structure dynamics needs to be investigated to better determine the biological and physical influence on the formation of soil aggregation.
Nitrogen and sulfur application effects on camelina seed yield, fatty acid composition, and nutrient removal

Abstract: Effective management of nitrogen (N) and sulfur (S) in camelina [Camelina sativa (L.) Crantz] production is important to ensure optimum seed yield and oil composition. The objectives of this study were to determine camelina seed yield and oil concentration and to estimate nutrient removal and N use efficiency (NUE) as influenced by N and S application. Field experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of S rates (0 and 20 kg·ha−1) and N fertilizer rates (0, 22, 45, and 90 kg·ha−1) on camelina productivity and fatty acid composition over two growing seasons (2014 and 2015). Results showed S application had no effect on seed yield and oil concentration. Averaged across N rates, protein concentration increased with S application compared with the control. Seed yield showed quadratic response to N fertilizer application with maximum yield occurring at 54 kg N·ha−1; however, economic optimum N rate ranged from 18 to 43 kg N·ha−1. Nutrient removal, protein concentration, protein and oil yield, and estimated biodiesel were maximum at 45 kg N·ha−1. The maximum amounts of N, phosphorus, potassium, and S removed were 49, 8, 10, and 7 kg·ha−1, respectively. NUE and N agronomic efficiency decreased when N fertilizer rates were above 22 kg N·ha−1. Application of N or S had no effect on proportions of saturated fatty acid, monounsaturated fatty acid, and polyunsaturated fatty acids. Our findings suggest camelina required 18–43 kg N·ha−1 when grown in rain-fed systems in water-limited environments.
Social distancing in America: Understanding long-term adherence to COVID-19 mitigation recommendations

A crucial question in the governance of infectious disease outbreaks is how to ensure that people continue to adhere to mitigation measures for the longer duration. The present paper examines this question by means of a set of cross-sectional studies conducted in the United States during the COVID-19 pandemic, in May, June, and July of 2020. Using stratified samples that mimic the demographic characteristics of the U.S. population, it seeks to understand to what extent Americans continued to adhere to social distancing measures in the period after the first lockdown ended. Moreover, it seeks to uncover which variables sustained (or undermined) adherence across this period. For this purpose, we examined a broad range of factors, relating to people’s (1) knowledge and understanding of the mitigation measures, (2) perceptions of their costs and benefits, (3) perceptions of legitimacy and procedural justice, (4) personal factors, (5) social environment, and (6) practical circumstances. Our findings reveal that adherence was chiefly shaped by three major factors: respondents adhered more when they (a) had greater practical capacity to adhere, (b) morally agreed more with the measures, and (c) perceived the virus as a more severe health threat. Adherence was shaped to a lesser extent by impulsivity, knowledge of social distancing measures, opportunities for violating, personal costs, and descriptive social norms. The results also reveal, however, that adherence declined across this period, which was partly explained by changes in people’s moral alignment, threat perceptions, knowledge, and perceived social norms. These findings show that adherence originates from a broad range of factors that develop dynamically across time. Practically these insights help to improve pandemic governance, as well as contributing theoretically to the study of compliance and the way that rules come to shape behavior.
Fine Root and Soil Nitrogen Dynamics during Stand Development Following Shifting Agriculture in Northeast India

Nitrogen (N) dynamics during changes in land use patterns in tropical forests may profoundly affect fine root dynamics and nutrient cycling processes. Variations in fine root biomass and soil N dynamics were assessed in developing stands of increasing ages following shifting agriculture in Mizoram, Northeast India, and comparisons were made with a natural forest stand. Concentrations of soil available N (NH4-N and NO3-N) and the proportion of NH4-N in total available N increased with stand age. The N-mineralization rate also increased with stand age whilst the proportion of nitrification relative to ammonification declined during succession. Fine root biomass and N-mineralization increased, and available N decreased during the monsoon season while this pattern was reversed during the winter season. A greater proportion of fine roots were <0.5 mm diameter in the younger sites, and turnover of fine roots was more rapid in the developing stands compared to the natural forest. Fine root biomass was correlated positively with N-mineralization rate and soil water content. Thus, it can be concluded that the fine root growth was aided by rapid N-mineralization, and both fine root growth and N-mineralization increase as stands redevelop following shifting cultivation disturbance.
An Experimental Study and Mathematical Simulation of Wheat Drying

Abstract A fixed-bed dryer was designed and constructed and drying experiments with fixed beds of wheat were carried out under various conditions of drying air with wheat of several initial moisture contents. The air temperature and moisture content of wheat at various levels within the beds were measured periodically. A computer program based on energy and mass balances was developed to simulate the deep bed drying process. Experimental data from the dryer were compared with the results from this program. The results showed that there was good agreement between the simulated drying rates between the layers and those experimentally observed. In addition, there was a good agreement with respect to the shapes of the drying air temperature profiles.
Evaluate the efficacy of Probiotic Lactobacilli on growth and biofilm formation in Streptococcus mutans isolated from gingivitis

The present study aimed to assess the antibacterial effects of Probiotic Lactobacilli against Streptococcus mutans isolates. A total of 13/52 (25%) S. mutans isolates were collected from patients suffering from gingivitis, which were identified using morphological characteristics, biochemical tests and PCR technique. Micro titer plate method was used to detect the biofilm formation in tested bacterial isolates by measuring optical density (OD) using ELISA reader at a wavelength 640 nm. The results revealed that only 10/13 (77%) isolates produced the biofilm. Based on the results obtained in this study, the isolates were classified according to their ability to the biofilm formation as follows: the isolates with thick biofilm (OD ≥ 0.300 nm), the isolates with moderate biofilm (OD 0.2-0.3 nm), the isolates with thin biofilm (OD 0.1-0.2 nm) and Non-productive isolates of biofilm (OD < 0.1 nm). On the other hand, the agar well diffusion method was used to evaluate the effectiveness of Probiotic Lactobacilli against the growth of bacterial isolates by measuring the inhibition zones around the wells containing of probiotics (50, 100 mg/ml and stock). The results indicate that inhibition zones of the tested isolates were weak at 50 mg/ml, moderate at 100 mg/ml and strong at stock solution. A modified crystal violet test in well micro-titer plates was used to detect the ability of isolates to the biofilm formation after treatment with various concentrations of Probiotic Lactobacilli by measuring optical density (OD). The results indicate a decrease in the ability of the tested isolates to the biofilm formation compared to control where the isolates treated with probiotics at 50 mg/ml formed a strong biofilm (OD 0.300 - 0.341 nm) and the isolates treated with probiotics at 100 mg/ml formed moderate biofilm (OD 0.209 - 0.263 nm), while the isolates treated with the stock solution of probiotics formed a thin biofilm (OD 0.144 - 0.198 nm). In conclusion, the results of the current study indicate that the Probiotic Lactobacilli have inhibitory effect on growth and biofilm formation in Streptococcus mutans isolates and the antibacterial activity of Probiotic Lactobacilli is increased with increasing concentration.
Submesoscale Currents in the Subtropical Upper Ocean Observed by Long-Term High-Resolution Mooring Arrays

Although observational efforts have been made to detect submesoscale currents (submesoscales) in regions with deep mixed layers and/or strong mesoscale kinetic energy (KE), there have been no long-term submesoscale observations in subtropical gyres, which are characterized by moderate values of both mixed layer depths and mesoscale KE. To explore submesoscale dynamics in this oceanic regime, two nested mesoscale- and submesoscale-resolving mooring arrays were deployed in the northwestern Pacific subtropical countercurrent region during 2017–19. Based on the 2 years of data, submesoscales featuring order one Rossby numbers, large vertical velocities (with magnitude of 10–50 m day−1) and vertical heat flux, and strong ageostrophic KE are revealed in the upper 150 m. Although most of the submesoscales are surface intensified, they are found to penetrate far beneath the mixed layer. They are most energetic during strong mesoscale strain periods in the winter–spring season but are generally weak in the summer–autumn season. Energetics analysis suggests that the submesoscales receive KE from potential energy release but lose a portion of it through inverse cascade. Because this KE sink is smaller than the source term, a forward cascade must occur to balance the submesoscale KE budget, for which symmetric instability may be a candidate mechanism. By synthesizing observations and theories, we argue that the submesoscales are generated through a combination of baroclinic instability in the upper mixed and transitional layers and mesoscale strain-induced frontogenesis, among which the former should play a more dominant role in their final generation stage.
Standard project for pole-figure determination by neutron diffraction

In an effort to evaluate the reliability of pole-figure measurements, a sample of experimentally deformed polycrystalline calcite was circulated among nine neutron diffraction facilities. This report compares results of the project both in terms of experimental pole figures and three-dimensional orientation distributions. In general textures agree very closely. For pole figures with strong diffraction intensities, standard deviations from the mean are 0.04–0.06 m.r. d. (multiples of a random distribution) with a spread of maxima values of 0.18 m.r. d. The spread is considerably larger for pole figures with weak diffraction intensities (0.37 m.r.d. for 110) and so are standard deviations (0.20 m.r.d.). For weak diffraction peaks one-dimensional position-sensitive detectors have an advantage over single-tube detectors. Two-dimensional position-sensitive detectors combined with time of flight (TOF) offer new possibilities but data processing needs to be improved. Greater care must be devoted to angle conventions: four of nine pole figures were inverted. This study can provide a basis for quantitative texture analysis and estimation of experimental uncertainties.
The Running Performance Decrement in Elite Hurling

Since the COVID-19 restrictions, hurling games have been played in four quarters instead of two halves. This study described the decrement in running performance between quarters in elite hurling. GPS (10 Hz) were used to collect data from 48 players over 20 games during 2018–2020 season. Total distance (TD), high-speed running (HSR), high-metabolic-load distance (HMLD), sprint-distance, and number of sprints (N-sprints) between quarters were assessed. Greater TD was covered in Q1 than Q3 (Cohen’s d = 0.26). HSR and HMLD was greater in Q1 than Q2 (d = 0.45 and d = 0.55, respectively), Q3 (d = 0.34 and d = 44, respectively) and Q4 (d = 0.38 and d = 0.48, respectively). Sprint-distance and N-sprints were similar (p > 0.05) across quarters. All positions experienced a drop-off in at least one quarter (d = 0.43–1.46) in all metrics except midfielders’ TD and full-forwards’ HSR and HMLD. Sprint-distance and N-sprints were similar (p > 0.05) in each quarter for all positions. Following Q1, players were able to maintain their running performance. The current results can aid the timing of substitutions especially in positions where temporal decrements were observed.
Gendered Impacts of Environmental Degradation in Informal Settlements: A Comparative Analysis and Policy Implications for India, Bangladesh, and Pakistan

Abstract Degraded urban environments disproportionately affect marginalized populations, and especially impoverished women in South Asia’s informal settlements, where climate change vulnerabilities and gender inequalities are extreme. A comparative analysis was conducted of three neighboring countries, India, Bangladesh, and Pakistan, where urban environments, climate risks, and gender relations exhibit significant variances. With original survey data from 12 informal settlements across New Delhi, Dhaka, Islamabad, and Lahore, it was found that women are less empowered than men in all three countries, but their determinants related to environmental degradation and climate change vary. Qualitative data from key informants reveals several explanatory mechanisms of observed differences.
Teachers As Promoters Of Teaching: Teachers’ Perceptions Of Their Profession, The Case Of Estonia

Research conducted on the popularity of teaching profession with school-leavers has indicated on low popularity and young people’s little interest in the profession. This may have several reasons but one of the most dominating indicators is the impression teachers themselves make of their work. The current study was triggered by the results of a preceding study, which explored final-year students’ perceptions and attitudes towards teaching profession. This paper explores how teachers perceive their profession and which image and attitude they forward to their students. 226 primary and secondary teachers were questioned. Their answers were compared to their students’ answers collected a year before. The results revealed that teachers perceive the reputation of the teaching profession in society as being low. Even though most of them love their job, they would not encourage young people to pursue a career in teaching, mostly because of the low salaries and low reputation. Despite the teachers’ perception of their job having low reputation, several steps have been taken statewise to recognise their good work.
Whole Body Model Predictive Control with a Memory of Motion: Experiments on a Torque-Controlled Talos

This paper presents the first successful experiment implementing whole-body model predictive control with state feedback on a torque-control humanoid robot. We demonstrate that our control scheme is able to do whole-body target tracking, control the balance in front of strong external perturbations and avoid collision with an external object. The key elements for this success are threefold. First, optimal control over a receding horizon is implemented with Crocoddyl, an optimal control library based on differential dynamics programming, providing state-feedback control in less than 10 ms. Second, a warm start strategy based on memory of motion has been implemented to overcome the sensitivity of the optimal control solver to initial conditions. Finally, the optimal trajectories are executed by a low-level torque controller, feedbacking on direct torque measurement at high frequency. This paper provides the details of the method, along with analytical benchmarks with the real humanoid robot Talos.A video of the experiment is available at https://peertube.laas. fr/videos/watch/cbc25927-337c-4635-a1bc-153b9aeb4135
Long-term consequences of acute kidney injury: a narrative review

Abstract The incidence of acute kidney injury (AKI) has increased in the past decades. AKI complicates up to 15% of hospitalizations and can reach up to 50–60% in critically ill patients. Besides the short-term impact of AKI in patient outcomes, several studies report the association between AKI and adverse long-term outcomes, such as recurrent AKI episodes in 25–30% of cases, hospital re-admissions in up to 40% of patients, an increased risk of cardiovascular events, an increased risk of progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD) after AKI and a significantly increased long-term mortality. Despite the long-term impact of AKI, there are neither established guidelines on the follow-up care of AKI patients, nor treatment strategies to reduce the incidence of sequelae after AKI. Only a minority of patients have been referred to nephrology post-discharge care, despite the evidence of improved outcomes associated with nephrology referral by addressing cardiovascular risk and risk of progression to CKD. Indeed, AKI survivors should have specialized nephrology follow-up to assess kidney function after AKI, perform medication reconciliation, educate patients on nephrotoxic avoidance and implement strategies to prevent CKD progression. The authors provide a comprehensive review of the transition from AKI to CKD, analyse the current evidence on the long-term outcomes of AKI and describe predisposing risk factors, highlight the importance of follow-up care in these patients and describe the current therapeutic strategies which are being investigated on their impact in improving patient outcomes.
The Characteristic Temperature Method to Estimate Kinetic Parameters from DTA curves and to evaluate the compatibility of explosives

The thermal analysis technique was used to rapidly evaluate the compatibility of explosives with contacted materials. The three kinetic parameters viz. activation energy E, reaction order n and pre-exponential factor A were calculated from three characteristic temperatures of a single DTA curve. The compatibility was evaluated from the four parameters E, n and the characteristic temperatures Tm (peak maximum) and To (decomposition starting point on the DTA curve). The results are compared to those obtained from the gasometric method.
Intrathecal Fentanyl versus Dexmedetomedine as Adjuvants to Bupivacaine for Cesarean Section

Background: Intrathecal α2 agonists prolong the duration of action of local anesthetics and reduce the required dose. Dexmedetomidine is an α2 receptor agonist and its α2/α1 selectivity is 8 times higher than that of clonidine.Aims: This study aimed to determine the effect of adding dexmedetomidine or fentanyl to intrathecal bupivacaine on the onset time, duration and intensity of motor and sensory blocks as primary outcome and postoperative analgesia, sedation and incidence of side effects as secondary outcome in cesarean section.Methods: The study was carried out on 40 adult full-term pregnant female submitted for elective cesarean section were randomly classified into two equal groups, twenty patients each:Group (D): Patients received intrathecally bupivacaine and dexmedetomidine. Group (F): Patients received intrathecally bupivacaine and fentanyl.Results: Sensory and motor block onset times were shorter in Group D than in Group F. The regression of the sensory block to S1 dermatome and Bromage 0 were longer in Group D than in Group F. The two-dermatome regression time was longer in Group D than in Group F. There was a statistically significant decrease in group F regarding systolic, diastolic, mean arterial blood pressure and heart rate than in group D. The postoperative analgesic effect time was longer in group D than in group F. Neonatal outcome was normal in all groups.Conclusion:We concluded that adding intrathecal dexmedetomidine to bupivacaine for spinal anesthesia synergistically increase block duration and shortens sensory and motor block onset time with better postoperative analgesia without any significant adverse effects.