Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The long-term transport and radiative impacts of the 2017 British Columbia pyrocumulonimbus smoke aerosols in the stratosphere

Abstract. Interactions of meteorology with wildfires in British Columbia, Canada, during August 2017 led to three major pyrocumulonimbus (pyroCb) events that resulted in the injection of large amounts of smoke aerosols and other combustion products at the local upper troposphere and lower stratosphere (UTLS). These plumes of UTLS smoke with elevated values of aerosol extinction and backscatter compared to the background state were readily tracked by multiple satellite-based instruments as they spread across the Northern Hemisphere (NH). The plumes were observed in the lower stratosphere for about 8–10 months following the fire injections, with a stratospheric aerosol e-folding time of about 5 months. To investigate the radiative impacts of these events on the Earth system, we performed a number of simulations with the Goddard Earth Observing System (GEOS) atmospheric general circulation model (AGCM). Observations from multiple remote-sensing instruments were used to calibrate the injection parameters (location, amount, composition and heights) and optical properties of the smoke aerosols in the model. The resulting simulations of three-dimensional smoke transport were evaluated for a year from the day of injections using daily observations from OMPS-LP (Ozone Mapping Profiler Suite Limb Profiler). The model-simulated rate of ascent, hemispheric spread and residence time (or e-folding time) of the smoke aerosols in the stratosphere are in close agreement with OMPS-LP observations. We found that both aerosol self-lofting and the large-scale atmospheric motion play important roles in lifting the smoke plumes from near the tropopause altitudes (∼ 12 km) to about 22–23 km into the atmosphere. Further, our estimations of the radiative impacts of the pyroCb-emitted smoke aerosols showed that the smoke caused an additional warming of the atmosphere by about 0.6–1 W/m2 (zonal mean) that persisted for about 2–3 months after the injections in regions north of 40∘ N. The surface experienced a comparable magnitude of cooling. The atmospheric warming is mainly located in the stratosphere, coincident with the location of the smoke plumes, leading to an increase in zonal mean shortwave (SW) heating rates of 0.02–0.04 K/d during September 2017.
Reimagining positive youth development and life skills in sport through a social justice lens

Abstract Since the early 2000s, models of positive youth development (PYD), as well as the concept of life skills, have served as popular approaches by which to situate psychosocial development in youth sport research. However, critiques have been put forth in terms of how the PYD approach fails to address power, privilege, and oppression and how life skills do not fully encompass the wide range of learning outcomes that can arise from sport participation. In light of social justice issues (e.g., systemic racism, gender inequity) that have led citizens in many countries to mobilize for change, there is a need to explore how PYD and life skills can be reimagined in order for youth sport research to be better positioned to promote dialogue and action on social justice issues in youth sport. The purpose of the present paper is to reimagine PYD and life skills in sport through a social justice lens. Following reflections on how PYD and life skills can be framed to further promote social justice in youth sport, implications for practice and research are offered. Lay summary: In light of contemporary social justice issues, the present paper is positioned as a reimagining of positive youth development and life skills in sport through a social justice lens. Recommendations are offered to progress positive youth development and evolve life skills. Further, implications for practice and research are provided. Implications for Practice In consideration of accruing critiques, positive youth development and life skills in sport are reimagined through a social justice lens. Using example life skills such as teamwork and leadership, illustrations are offered of how life skills can be evolved into social justice life skills. Coach education is positioned as an important factor in training coaches on the importance of acting as allies and enabling their athletes to gain the confidence to engage in activism.
Sustaining Effectiveness in Global Teams: The Coevolution of Knowledge Management Activities and Technology Affordances

Despite the dynamic nature of knowledge-related activities and the availability of a variety of communication technologies, many global teams habitually use technology in the same way across activities. However, as teams move through cycles of accumulating, integrating, and implementing knowledge, the purposes for communication technologies change. Current theorizing and empirical work on team knowledge management has yet to develop a dynamic theory that incorporates these changes. By conducting a multiwave, mixed method analysis of 48 global teams, we develop a theory of how global teams sustain effectiveness through technology affordance processes. We found that effective teams are those that recognize cues indicating change is necessary and coevolve a symbiosis between new activities, new purposes for interaction, and new uses of communication technologies. This coevolution of purpose with technology use forms new affordances, which enable the team to move on to new knowledge management activities and sustain effectiveness. Our theory more realistically models the dynamics of staying connected while sharing, combining, and implementing knowledge across the globe.
On the origin of Caimaninae: insights from new fossils of Tsoabichi greenriverensis and a review of the evidence

ABSTRACT An incomplete fossil record and unstable phylogenies of extinct taxa hamper reconstructing the early evolution of Caimaninae. We describe previously unpublished articulated fossils of a key species, Tsoabichi greenriverensis from the early Eocene Green River Formation of North America, exhibiting further character evidence for the caimanine affinities of this taxon. Parsimony analysis of modified morphological taxon-character datasets coupled with a critical review of character evolution and published phylogenies reveals that fossil evidence for Palaeogene crown group and Late Cretaceous total-group representatives is unreliable due to uncertain character evolution in early Alligatoridae. The earliest unambiguous fossil age for total and crown-group Caimaninae are 63.5 Ma and 18.06 Ma, respectively. These calibration points follow best practices and are vital for better constrained estimates of time calibrated analyses. Phylogeny continues to imply two separate Caimaninae dispersals between North and South America, but instead of a northward back-dispersal, we find two Palaeogene dispersals to South America an equally likely hypothesis. Miocene taxa of Central America previously assigned to the stem lineage ancestral to South American Caimaninae are reinterpreted as part of a Neogene northward expansion of the crown group.
Elevation‐dependent response of snow phenology to climate change from a remote sensing perspective: A case survey in the central Tianshan mountains from 2000 to 2019

Alpine snow is an important water resource in arid/semi‐arid regions and sensitive to climate change. However, the response of snow phenology to climate change in different elevations remains unclear in mountain areas because of limited observation stations. In this study, the vertical difference of snow phenology and its response to climate change in high mountains are explored by using multi‐source remote sensing data from 2000 to 2019, taking the north slope of Central Tianshan Mountains as the study area. The results show that: (1) The temporal changes of snow cover days (SCD), snow cover onset date (SCOD), and snow cover end date (SCED) in different altitudes are various and contribute to the general change trends of the extended SCD, the advanced SCOD, and the advanced SCED from the hydrological year 2000 to 2018; (2) The snow phenology is significantly related to the changed temperature and/or precipitation in most altitudes, except for the SCD and SCOD in high altitudes, where the large temporal changes of temperature and precipitation lead to the complicated correlations in these altitudes; (3) The altitude threshold of 3600 m is identified to separate the relative importance of temperature and precipitation for SCD and SCOD, where the temperature shows a higher importance than precipitation below the altitude threshold, and neither temperature nor precipitation shows constant higher importance above the altitude threshold. As for SCED, the temperature is consistently more important than precipitation in most altitudes.
Predicting customers’ acceptance towards Islamic home financing using DTPB theory

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to determine the factors that may influence customers’ acceptance of Islamic home financing and identify the possible moderator, which may be relevant using the decomposed theory of planned behaviour (DTPB) in the context of Malaysia and Pakistan. Design/methodology/approach Literature on Islamic mortgage and DTPB is reviewed in a bid to identify the determinants that may contribute to customers’ desire to participate in Islamic home financing. Findings The review indicates that customers’ acceptance of Islamic home financing is not only determined by the subjective norm, attitude, perceived behavioural control but also by the added construct of awareness and decomposed variables, namely, perceived compatibility, perceived relative advantage, peers influence and self-efficacy. In the context of the current study, the country is proposed as a moderator variable that may influence the relationship for customers’ acceptance of Islamic mortgages. Research limitations/implications In terms of conceptualising the model, only two countries are considered, which is Malaysia and Pakistan as categorical variables or moderators incorporated in DTPB. Originality/value Existing literature on Islamic mortgages makes it evident that DTPB is yet to be applied in the context of studying Islamic home financing. This study extends the application of DTPB in the context of customers’ acceptance of Islamic mortgages in two countries, Malaysia and Pakistan. This paper will be a helpful resource for future researchers, academicians and managers of Islamic banks at large.
Factors Affecting the Intention of Multi-Family House Residents to Age in Place in a Potential Naturally Occurring Retirement Community of Seoul in South Korea

This study reveals residents’ willingness to live in their current homes and communities and analyzes the factors related to their willingness to age in place in South Korea. Using a questionnaire survey method, data of 289 residents aged 55 or older were collected in apartment areas with the potential to become naturally occurring senior communities in Seoul. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, correlation tests, t-test, ANOVA, factor analysis, and regression analysis by SPSS 26.0, and the findings were followed up. Housing services are very important in aging communities. Physical environment-oriented residential services promote a safe walking environment, facilities to support the elderly, a secure complex environment, a home-safety accident-prevention diagnosis service, home improvement, and home improvement support. Multiple regression analysis showed that residential services or elderly education and activity support services influence aging in place, which is a novel finding revealed in this study.
The neurobehavioral effects of flumazenil in chicks

Article history: Received September 22, 2020 Accepted December 11, 2020 Available online October 1, 2021 Flumazenil is choosy and competitive GABA receptor blocker that serves as an antidote to benzodiazepines overdose. Its administration in humans and some animal’s model is connected with nervousness, anxiety responses, or seizures attacks. The objective of this study was to scrutinize the neurobehavioral reaction as well as sedative and anxiolytic actions of flumazenil in chick’s model. The Median effective dose of flumazenil injected chicks was 0.114 mg/kg i.p. Flumazenil at 0.04 and 0.08 mg/kg diminished the locomotors activity, prolonged the period of tonic immobility and have anxiolytic action in chicks. Flumazenil at 0.1, 0.2 and 0.4 mg/kg cause mild sedation in chicks. Flumazenil at 0.1 and 0.2 mg/kg have antagonistic effects in chicks sedated with diazepam at 10mg/kg. Flumazenil demonstrated fairly unexpectedly a depressant effect in the open field test and sedative and anxiolytic bias attention test in the chick’s model. These findings indicate that the impact of flumazenil is indicative of the characteristics of partial agonists when given on its own and antagonist when given after diazepam according to the neurobehavioral tests.
Collagen and PRP in Partial Thickness Rotator Cuff Injuries. Friends or Only Indifferent Neighbours? Randomized Controlled Trial

INTRODUCTION: Partial thickness rotator cuff injuries (PTRCI) is the sum of degenerative, overload and microtrauma processes, external supply of collagen and platelet-rich plasma (PRP) could potentially counteract deterioration of degenerative tendinopathy.AIM: Comparison of the effectiveness: collagen with PRP, PRP alone, collagen alone in the treatment of PTRCI.METHODS: Ninety patients with PTRCI treated with US–guided injections into the shoulder bursa every consecutive week: Group A - collagen with PRP (n=30), B - collagen alone (n=30), C - PRP alone (n=30). Primary outcomes: numeric rating scale (NRS), QuickDash and EQ-5D-5L questionnaires in control points: IA (initial assessment), T1, T2, T3 – after 6, 12 and 24 weeks, respectively. Secondary outcomes: number of patients with loss of RC continuity, number of regenerated RC between IA and T3.RESULTS: No statistical difference between groups in primary outcomes, tendency for further improvement in A and C group (opposite to group B) between T2 and T3. The RC discontinuity (n = 3, one case in each group) and RC regeneration (n = 65; 73%, 67% and 77%, in group A, B and C, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Combined therapy of collagen and PRP in PTRCI is not more effective than monotherapies with collagen or PRP. (clinicaltrials.gov - NCT04492748)
The Whole and the Parts—A New Perspective on Production Diseases and Economic Sustainability in Dairy Farming

The levels of production diseases (PD) and the cow replacement rate are high in dairy farming. They indicate excessive production demands on the cow and a poor state of animal welfare. This is the subject of increasing public debate. The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of production diseases on the economic sustainability of dairy farms. The contributions of individual culled cows to the farm’s economic performance were calculated, based on milk recording and accounting data from 32 farms in Germany. Cows were identified as ‘profit cows’ when they reached their individual ‘break-even point’. Data from milk recordings (yield and indicators for PD) were used to cluster farms by means of a principal component and a cluster analysis. The analysis revealed five clusters of farms. The average proportion of profit cows was 57.5%, 55.6%, 44.1%, 29.4% and 19.5%. Clusters characterized by a high proportion of cows with metabolic problems and high culling and mortality rates had lower proportions of profit cows, somewhat irrespective of the average milk-yield per cow. Changing the perception of PD from considering it as collateral damage to a threat to the farms’ economic viability might foster change processes to reduce production diseases.
Children's Reaction to Mothers Wearing or Not Wearing a Mask During Face-to-Face Interactions

Infants’ reaction to their mothers wearing masks.Ed Tronick and Nancy SnidmanThe iconic Madonna and Child has been replaced by surgical mask wearing mothers and child 1,2 . A concern about mask wearing is that the mask distorts the emotional communication between mother and child, disrupting their relationship and stressing the child with long-term developmental consequences. 3-5 Over the past year we have received numerous inquiries from parents and professionals who work with young families, about the effects of masks on the parent-child relationship. These inquiries often argue that mask wearing is similar to the classic Face-to-Face Still-Face Experiment in which mothers remain still faced and inactive while face-to-face with their infants. In response the children get distressed by her lack of response. 6,7 Given the concerns and developmental issues associated with mask wearing we carried out an in-home experiment using smart phone video to record the interaction between mothers and their infants when the mother was wearing or not wearing her mask. Surprisingly, we found that while almost all the infants reacted in varying ways to the mother putting on, as well as taking off the mask, the mask wearing itself did not disrupt their ongoing interaction. These findings challenge current hypotheses about the critical nature of the face and in particular mouth for communication and the organization of the brain for face perception. Funding: This project was self-funded. Declaration of Interest: None to declare. Ethical Approval: The study was approved by the IRB of University of Massachusetts Boston. All participants gave informed consent.
How thick is your armour? Measuring economic resilience to shocks in global production networks

When economic shocks occur, whether at home or abroad, economic agents are expected to react to reduce the negative impact or amplify the positive effects. The ability of a country to contain economic losses can be defined as the resilience to economic shocks. Using the OECD’s annual Inter-Country Input–Output (ICIO) tables from 1995 to 2011, this paper investigates the relationship between changes in final demand and production structures for 61 economies. We found that, during economic downturns, countries that are able to prop up the economy through the domestic service sectors instead of domestic goods and foreign sectors are more resilient to negative shocks. Therefore, understanding the substitutability between goods and service sectors and between domestic and foreign sectors is crucial for gauging the potential risk to a country’s domestic economy from shocks abroad – whether economic, environmental, health-related or political.
The Effect of Teaching–Learning Environments on Student’s Engagement with Lean Mindset

Lean thinking is a methodology employed initially by manufacturing organizations such as Toyota and New Balance that aims to increase customer value whilst also maintaining a low level of waste. The Lean thinking tools and techniques employed in the manufacturing sector can also be transferred to other sectors and significantly improve the service or product, such as public sector organizations or Higher Education Institutions (HEI). In the current education climate, due to the pandemic (SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19), the majority of HEIs have moved to an online or hybrid teaching and learning environment. This has developed the principle that Lean thinking can be deployed in educational methods and techniques to greatly increase the level of student engagement and the efficiency of learning. The following study outlines the key waste sources found in three types of teaching–learning environments (face to face, online and hybrid) and provides practical implications to counter the non-value-added issues. The data for this study were gathered through a questionnaire from final year undergraduate engineering students. The results indicate that online teaching had the greatest effect on student engagement, based on the identification and weighted values of non-value-added issues. The study highlights the key Lean wastes within online, hybrid and face to face teaching, and provides key examples within the stated Lean waste to provide solutions to improve student engagement.
CULTURALLY COGNIZANT LISTENING

ABSTRACT The term culturally cognizant listening is introduced as nonjudgmental, active listening style taught with self-reflection and perspective-taking behaviors using a service-learning pedagogy. Given the climate of societal discord on topics of diversity, there is an increased need to enhance listening skills. The purposes of this thematic analysis are to describe the concept of culturally cognizant listening using the analogies of mirrors (self-awareness) and windows (nonjudgment perspective taking) and examine its effectiveness. Data from a convenience sample of 47 undergraduates representing three cohorts enrolled in a listening course are presented. Overall, students learned the culturally cognizant listening style based on service-learning using the analogies of mirrors and windows.
Amphiboles and phyllosilicates in the A-type Mandira Granite Massif, Graciosa Province, SE Brazil: Textures, composition and crystallisation conditions

Abstract Amphibole and biotite were the principal mafic minerals precipitated during the magmatic and post-magmatic (including hydrothermal) crystallisation stages of coeval metaluminous to slightly peraluminous syenogranites and peralkaline alkali-feldspar granites of the Mandira Granite Massif, in the post-collisional A-type Graciosa Province, S-SE Brazil. Magmatic calcic (ferro-ferri-hornblende and hastingsite) amphiboles occur in the metaluminous syenogranites, whereas calcic (ferro-edenite), sodic–calcic (ferro-ferri-winchite) and sodic (arfvedsonite and riebeckite) amphiboles occur in peralkaline alkali-feldspar granites. Rare earth element (REE) contents decrease from hornblende to winchite and riebeckite, and the partition coefficients indicate increasing compatibility from light rare earth elements (LREE) to heavy rare earth elements (HREE), with a marked preference for the HREE over the LREE in the sodic–calcic and, particularly, the sodic amphiboles. Post-magmatic calcic- (ferro-actinolite) and sodic- (riebeckite) amphiboles are also present in the peralkaline granites. Magmatic biotite (annite) is dominant in syenogranites, whereas post-magmatic annite and late-to post-magmatic annite evolving to siderophyllite occurs in the peralkaline granites. Typical hydrothermal phyllosilicates are chlorite (chamosite) in syenogranites and related greisens, and ferri-stilpnomelane which is present in both peralkaline granites and metaluminous syenogranites. Lithostatic pressure estimates suggest that the main granites were emplaced under pressures of ~93–230 MPa, with close-to-liquidus temperatures varying from ~830°C for syenogranites to ~900°C for the peralkaline granites. The original magmas crystallised mainly under relatively reduced (buffered at ~ –1 ≤ QFM ≤ 0), and more oxidising (somewhat above QFM) environments, respectively. Chlorite, replacing biotite in syenogranites and as the main mineral in the related greisens, permits the temperature of the main hydrothermal event to have taken place between 250 and 272°C. Estimated log (fHF/fHCl) values from biotite compositions vary from ~ –2 to –1 (syenogranites) and ~ –3.5 to –2 (peralkaline granites) and indicate F preference over Cl in the hydrothermal fluid phase.