Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Efficiency of Cycled Batteries Analyzed Through Voltage-Current Phase Differences

Ageing of rechargeable batteries is routinely characterized in the frequency domain by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, but the technique requires laboratory measurements to be made on a time scale of days. However, the normal cycling of a battery as it is used in situ provides equivalent information in the time domain, though extracting robust frequency information from a time series is challenging. In this work, we explore, in the time domain, the relationship between instantaneous voltage-current phase difference and cycle efficiency. Moreover, we demonstrate that phase measures can be used to identify battery ageing. We have cycled a 250 mA h Nickel-Cobalt cell several hundred times and used Hilbert Transforms to identify phase difference between voltage and current. This phase difference becomes closer to zero as the battery ages, commensurate with a drop in energy cycle efficiency. In another experiment, we applied a synthetic current profile mimicking behaviour of an electric car cell, to a 3.2 A h LiNiMnCoO2 cell, for ~100 days. For this more complicated profile with a wide range of frequency content, we used wavelet analysis to identify changes in phase difference and impedance as the battery aged. For this cell, drop in cycle efficiency was associated with a rise in internal resistance. The results imply that time-series analysis of in situ measurements of voltage and current, when applied with equivalent circuit models and underlying theory, can identify markers of battery ageing.
On l-th roots and division by l

We give a characterization of the codomain [l]E(k) of the multiplication-by-l map [l] in the case of elliptic curves over a field k of characteristic different from 2 and 3, with l-torsion E[l]=fully defined over k, for primes l different from the characteristic. We show that a point Q in E(k) lies in [l]E(k) if and only if hW1(-Q) and hW2(-Q) are l-powers of k, where hW1 and hW2 are functions on E with divisor div(hWi)= l Wi- l P_infty. Our characterization leads to an effective procedure to find pre-images of [l] by solving an order l system of linear equations and computing a polynomial gcd.
Quantifying the Uncertainty of Imputed Demographic Disparity Estimates: The Dual-Bootstrap

Measuring average differences in an outcome across racial or ethnic groups is a crucial first step for equity assessments, but researchers often lack access to data on individuals' races and ethnicities to calculate them. A common solution is to impute the missing race or ethnicity labels using proxies, then use those imputations to estimate the disparity. Conventional standard errors mischaracterize the resulting estimate's uncertainty because they treat the imputation model as given and fixed, instead of as an unknown object that must be estimated with uncertainty. We propose a dual-bootstrap approach that explicitly accounts for measurement uncertainty and thus enables more accurate statistical inference, which we demonstrate via simulation. In addition, we adapt our approach to the commonly used Bayesian Improved Surname Geocoding (BISG) imputation algorithm, where direct bootstrapping is infeasible because the underlying Census Bureau data are unavailable. In simulations, we find that measurement uncertainty is generally insignificant for BISG except in particular circumstances; bias, not variance, is likely the predominant source of error. We apply our method to quantify the uncertainty of prevalence estimates of common health conditions by race using data from the American Family Cohort.
Results of the part of hydrobiological investigations in Kopački rit Nature Park in the period between november 1997 and october 2001

U radu su prikazani rezultati dijela opsežnih hidrobioloskih istraživanja uokviru zadataka projekta "Zastita voda rezervata Kopacki rit" u razdoblju od studenog 1997. do listopada 2001.godine na pet standardnih postaja: Sakadasko jezero, Conakut, usce i sredisnji dio Kopackog jezera te Hulovski kanal. Na temelju dobivenih rezultata mjerenih fizickih, kemijskih i bioloskih cimbenika kanala i jezera Kopackog rita te izracunatih vrijednosti Carlsonovog trofickog indeksa, utvrđena je eutrofikacija svih istraživanih postaja.
Performance Evaluation of an Explicit Lightning Forecasting System

In this study, an explicit electrification and lightning parameterization scheme implemented within the Weather Research and Forecasting model (E‐WRF, Fierro et al., , https://doi.org/10.1175/MWR‐D‐12‐00278.1) is evaluated against selected lightning diagnostic schemes. Convection‐permitting simulations of 10 high‐impact weather case studies over Greece are compared against lightning observations from the ZEUS ground‐based lightning detection network. The model's ability to accurately simulate these convective events is first evaluated through statistical scores of accumulated rainfall. The simulated flash origin density (FOD) fields are then assessed using statistical neighborhood methods. Overall, the simulated FOD fields have good agreement with the observations. Most of the lightning activity over the sea, however, is generally poorly forecasted. Lightning‐producing events over the sea near Greece mainly occur during the cold season. Thus, lightning forecast with E‐WRF appear to have better skill during the warm season. The simulated areal coverage of FOD using E‐WRF also reduces the false alarms of lightning activity both over land and sea compared to a well‐documented diagnostic lightning prediction scheme. Given its relatively low computational cost, these results support the potential use of E‐WRF for real‐time lightning predictions at convection‐allowing scales.
Koopman Ensembles for Probabilistic Time Series Forecasting

In the context of an increasing popularity of data-driven models to represent dynamical systems, many machine learning-based implementations of the Koopman operator have recently been proposed. However, the vast majority of those works are limited to deterministic predictions, while the knowledge of uncertainty is critical in fields like meteorology and climatology. In this work, we investigate the training of ensembles of models to produce stochastic outputs. We show through experiments on real remote sensing image time series that ensembles of independently trained models are highly overconfident and that using a training criterion that explicitly encourages the members to produce predictions with high inter-model variances greatly improves the uncertainty quantification of the ensembles.
Extracting Kinetic Information from Short-Time Trajectories: Relaxation and Disorder of Lossy Cavity Polaritons

The emerging field of molecular cavity polaritons has stimulated a surge of experimental and theoretical activities and presents a unique opportunity to develop the many-body simulation methodology. This paper presents a numerical scheme for the extraction of key kinetic information of lossy cavity polaritons based on the transfer tensor method (TTM). Steady state, relaxation timescales and oscillatory phenomena can all be deduced directly from a set of transfer tensors without the need for long-time simulation. Moreover, we generalize TTM to disordered systems by sampling dynamical maps and achieve fast convergence to disordered-averaged dynamics using a small set of realizations. Together, these techniques provide a toolbox for characterizing the interplay of cavity loss, disorder, and cooperativity in polariton relaxation and allow us to predict unusual dependences on the initial excitation state, photon decay rate, strength of disorder, and the type of cavity models. Thus, we have demonstrated significant potential in the use of the TTM towards both the efficient computation of long-time polariton dynamics and the extraction of crucial kinetic information about polariton relaxation from a small set of short-time trajectories.
Edge Plasma Enhancements of Equatorial Plasma Depletions Observed by All‐Sky Imager and the C/NOFS Satellite

Equatorial plasma depletions (EPDs) appearing at nighttime low latitudes were widely studied before. The edge plasma enhancements of equatorial plasma depletions (EPEEPDs) were repeatedly observed by the all‐sky imager and the Communications/Navigation Outage Forecasting System (C/NOFS) satellite. However, the two‐dimensional structures of EPEEPDs have not been well addressed. In this study, the airglow observations from one all‐sky imager showed that the EPEEPDs occurred only in the east and west edges of EPDs but not at the poleward edge as earlier reported from the in situ measurements of low Earth orbit satellites. Four‐year observations (2012–2015) from both our all‐sky imager and the C/NOFS satellite have been analyzed. Compared to the airglow images, the in situ observation from C/NOFS showed that the edge plasma enhancements appeared to be less prominent with respect to the background, but both showed that the plasma enhancement was a high‐incidence phenomenon, and the average incidence reached about 82% during days with EPDs observed. The occurrence of EPEEPDs showed similar characteristic as EPDs, such as the longitudinal dependences. The zonal extension of EPEEPDs showed different scale characteristics at different altitudes; its zonal extent varied with its altitudinal dependence. Four‐year observations from C/NOFS satellite showed that the occurrence of EPEEPDs peaked during 20:00–22:00 LT. The result from all‐sky imager showed that the relative intensity enhancement appeared contemporaneously, with maximal relative intensity exceeding 90%. We suggest that the generation mechanism of EPEEPDs is possibly related to the polarized electric field of EPDs. The plasma is more likely to be redistributed and exhibits as depletion and enhancement.
In Vitro Studies on the Effects of Aqueous Extracts of Syzygium Aromaticum Linn. (Cloves) and Zingiber Officinale Roscoe (Ginger) on Erythrocyte Osmotic Fragility in Sickle Cells

Sickle cell disease is a genetically inherited blood disease that is characterized by the production of abnormal erythrocytes, shaped like a sickle. Definite cure for sickle cell disease is yet to be established, therefore, palliative methods such as antioxidant agents which reduce occurrence of intravascular haemolysis are employed. Naturally occurring antioxidants are found in Syzygium aromaticum Linn. (Clove) and Zingiber officinale (ginger) as documented by previous researches are therefore tested on the erythrocyte osmotic fragility of sickle cell red blood cells (RBC). Aqueous extracts of clove and ginger were obtained by maceration and antioxidant activity of the extracts was determined by 2, 2,-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) using ascorbate as standard. Blood samples from twenty five sickle cell disease subjects were collected and divided into five groups. Group one was control, groups two and three were incubated with 1mg/ml and 10mg/ml of clove extract respectively, while groups four and five were incubated with 1mg/ml and 10mg/ml of ginger extract respectively. Erythrocyte osmotic fragility was determined using graded series of hypotonic Sodium Chloride (NaCl) solutions of concentrations ranging from 0.1% to 0.9%. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and Turkey test was used to analyze data and test of significance was applied at p? 0.05. The results revealed the presence of phenols, alkaloids, flavonoid and tannins in both clove and ginger extracts; glycosides were present in ginger but absent in clove. Antioxidant at low concentration of 50µg/ ml showed percentage inhibition of clove and ginger were 67.43% and 11.87%, respectively, and that of ascorbate was 20.15%. At high concentration of 250µg/ml, clove and ginger had percentage inhibition of 93.8% and 81.18% respectively, while ascorbate had 84.06%. Erythrocyte osmotic fragility test results showed complete haemolysis at 0.1% NaCl concentration in all groups. At 0.2% NaCl concentration, percentage haemolysis of the group treated with 10mg of clove 69.12 ± 0.05, was significantly lower (p? 0.05) than the control (98.12 ± 0.05), while the group treated with 10mg ginger extract showed 98.02 ± 0.04 which is not significantly lower (p? 0.05) than that of the control. At 0.5% NaCl concentration, percentage haemolysis of groups treated with 10mg clove extract and 10mg ginger extract were 8.400.18 and 20.42 ± 0.18, respectively, which were significantly lower (p? 0.05) than that of the control group (45.90 ± 0.10). The groups treated with 1mg clove extract and 1mg ginger extract showed percentage haemolysis values of 38.04 ± 0.10 and 30.02 ± 0.10 respectively at 0.5% NaCl concentration which were significantly lower (p? 0.05) than the control group (45.90 ± 0.10). Clove showed higher antioxidant activity than ginger. Both plants also demonstrated a capacity for maintaining erythrocyte membrane stability, with clove being better at lowering erythrocyte fragility than ginger.
Evaluating agricultural management practices for reducing phosphorus losses from grasslands receiving manure

58 Introduction . 59 Materials and Methods . 62 Results . 66 Discussion . 69 Conclusions . 71 Acknowledgements . 72 References . 72 Tables and Figures.76 4 ON-FARM, FIELD-SCALE RUNOFF AND SOIL PHOSPHORUS AS RELATED TO GRASSLAND MANAGEMENT, LANDSCAPE MORPHOLOGY, AND THE GEORGIA PHOSPHORUS INDEX.88 Abstract . 89 Introduction . 90 Materials and Methods . 93 Results and Discussion.97 Conclusions . 101 Acknowledgements . 101 References . 101 Tables and Figures.105 5 CONCLUSIONS.121
Transfer Learning Model Application for Rastrelliger brachysoma and R. kanagurta Image Classification Using Smartphone-Captured Images

Prior aquatic animal image classification research focused on distinguishing external features in controlled settings, utilizing either digital cameras or webcams. Identifying visually similar species, like short mackerel (Rastrelliger brachysoma) and Indian mackerel (Rastrelliger kanagurta), is challenging without specialized knowledge. However, advancements in computer technology have paved the way for leveraging machine learning and deep learning systems to address such challenges. In this study, transfer learning techniques were employed, utilizing established pre-trained models such as ResNet50, Xception, InceptionV3, VGG19, VGG16, and MobileNetV3Small. These models were applied to differentiate between the two species using raw images captured by a smartphone under uncontrolled conditions. The core architecture of the pre-trained models remained unchanged, except for the removal of the final fully connected layer. Instead, a global average pooling layer and two dense layers were appended at the end, comprising 1024 units and by a single unit, respectively. To mitigate overfitting concerns, early stopping was implemented. The results revealed that, among the models assessed, the Xception model exhibited the most promising predictive performance. It achieved the highest average accuracy levels of 0.849 and 0.754 during training and validation, surpassing the other models. Furthermore, fine-tuning the Xception model by extending the number of epochs yielded more impressive outcomes. After 30 epochs of fine-tuning, the Xception model demonstrated optimal performance, reaching an accuracy of 0.843 and displaying a 10% improvement in predictions compared to the model without fine-tuning. These findings highlight the efficacy of transfer learning, particularly with the Xception model, in accurately distinguishing visually similar aquatic species using smartphone-captured images, even in uncontrolled conditions.
Hidden Hazards Revealed: Mycotoxins and Their Masked Forms in Poultry

The presence of mycotoxins and their masked forms in chicken feed poses a significant threat to both productivity and health. This review examines the multifaceted impacts of mycotoxins on various aspects of chicken well-being, encompassing feed efficiency, growth, immunity, antioxidants, blood biochemistry, and internal organs. Mycotoxins, toxic substances produced by fungi, can exert detrimental effects even at low levels of contamination. The hidden or masked forms of mycotoxins further complicate the situation, as they are not easily detected by conventional methods but can be converted into their toxic forms during digestion. Consequently, chickens are exposed to mycotoxin-related risks despite apparently low mycotoxin levels. The consequences of mycotoxin exposure in chickens include reduced feed efficiency, compromised growth rates, impaired immune function, altered antioxidant levels, disturbances in blood biochemical parameters, and adverse effects on internal organs. To mitigate these impacts, effective management strategies are essential, such as routine monitoring of feed ingredients and finished feeds, adherence to proper storage practices, and the implementation of feed detoxification methods and mycotoxin binders. Raising awareness of these hidden hazards is crucial for safeguarding chicken productivity and health.
Educational Strategies to Increase the Acceptability of Products with Vegetables among Children

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of different educational techniques on the acceptability of products made with spinach among schoolchildren and analyze their physicochemical composition. Muffins and pancakes containing spinach were developed. Two hundred and fifty children were organized into five groups: Control Group (CG), sensory analysis of the products without any educational action; Group 1 (G1), theoretical activity; Group 2 (G2), cooking workshops; Group 3 (G3), implementation and cultivation of school vegetable garden; Group 4 (G4), cooking workshops and implementation of vegetable garden. Then, the children evaluated the food products sensorially. The combination of workshop and garden (G4) increased the acceptability of the muffin for aroma, color, and global acceptance and acceptability index (p < 0.05). The isolated interventions of workshop (G2), garden (G3), and both (G4) improved the acceptance of the taste, with no significant difference between the scores of the groups for appearance and texture in the muffin (p > 0.05). Superior scores for the appearance and aroma of the pancake (p < 0.05) were observed in G4 compared to CG. G4 also showed better acceptance for color, global acceptance, and acceptability index when compared to CG, G1, and G3. Aroma and texture were not influenced by the interventions (p > 0.05). In conclusion, the cooking workshop and the vegetable garden combined are superior in increasing the sensory acceptance of food products to which vegetables with low acceptability among children are added. The preparations have a favorable nutritional profile and can be offered to children.
Bee Foraging in Space and Time: Linking Individual Behaviour to Pollination

In plant communities, flowers are patchy in space and time over many scales. Flower-feeding animals make complex foraging decisions in this setting, but they may respond in characteristic ways to variation in floral distribution and the presence of different plant species. For plant species that rely on animals to disperse their pollen for sexual reproduction, pollination will reflect these animal foraging decisions. Because many pollinators are highly mobile and return to foraging areas over time, they may affect plant pollination over scales broader than typically considered (a few metres and within foraging bouts). My dissertation explores how individual pollinators respond to floral resource variation, and the implications for plant pollination success. I do so over relatively broad spatial and temporal scales, by studying the interactions
Comparative Study of the Outcome of Buccal Mucosa Graft Urethroplasty and Preputial Flap Urethroplasty for Anterior Urethral Stricture: A Prospective Randomized Study

Background: Urethroplasty using a buccal mucosa graft (BMG) and a preputial skin flap (PSF) are two common techniques used for the treatment of anterior urethral stricture. The present study compared the efficacy of these two techniques on the basis of success rate, preservation of sexual function, and complications. Materials and methods: This prospective, randomized, interventional study was conducted on adult male patients diagnosed with non-obliterative anterior urethral strictures of length >2 cm from August 2021 to December 2022. Pre-operative and post-operative work-up done included assessment of the International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS), Quality of Life (QOL), International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF) Score, Male Sexual Health Questionnaire for Ejaculatory Dysfunction (MSHQ-EJD), Bother score, Urethral Stricture Surgery-Patient-Related Outcome Measure (USS-PROM), and peak urinary ﬂow rate (Qmax) for each patient. Post-operative values for each score were compared with pre-operative values. Results: Out of 31 patients, 16 underwent BMG urethroplasty, and 15 underwent PSF urethroplasty. The most common cause of stricture in both groups was idiopathic (35.5% and 53.3%). A statistically significant increase in IIEF score was observed in the BMG group in comparison to the PSF group (P<0.0001). The mean IPPS score in USS-PROM has shown a significant drop in BMG (19.6 vs. 17.3; P = 0.020). Hemoglobin drop was significantly higher in PSF than in BMG (2.6 vs. 1.9; P = 0.011). A higher incidence of surgical site infection was reported in the PSF group than in the BMG group (46.7% vs. 12.5%). The average operative time for surgery was higher in PSF than in BMG (154.8 min vs. 145.0 min), respectively. Each group had one patient with a recurrence. Conclusion: Both techniques are equally good for urethral reconstruction (UR); however, improvement of sexual function is more in favor of the BMG urethroplasty group.
The economic value of climate information for water stress management in crop production: an Austrian case study

Climate information appears to be underutilized in water stress management in agriculture. A systematic analysis of potential impacts related to multi-seasonal dry spells, effective adaptation measures, and the economic value of climate information may inform decision making and facilitate the uptake and use of climate information. Hence, we have developed an integrated modeling framework consisting of a statistical climate model, a crop rotation model, a bio-physical process model, a portfolio optimization model, the computation of the economic value of climate information, and a spatial hot spot analysis and applied it to the context of water stress management in crop production in Austria. Results from the integrated modeling framework show that the average economic value of climate information ranges between 13 and 99 /ha for Austrian cropland, depending on the scenario of multi-seasonal dry spells and the farmers risk aversion level. On average, the value of climate information is highest on flat and productive soils, for root and oil crops, under more extreme dry spells, and if farmers are highly risk averse. Quantifying the value of climate information may guide data provision efforts and highlight agricultural production regions, which would particularly benefit from such information to improve water stress management. Acknowledgement : Research to this article has been supported by the research projects UncertProp Uncertainty propagation in integrated modelling approaches for global change impacts on the bio-economy (KR16AC0K13332) and COMBIRISK Combined weather related risk assessment monitor for tailoring climate change adaptation in Austrian crop production (KR15AC8K12614), both funded by the Austrian Climate and Energy Fund within the Austrian Climate Research Programme.