Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Genetic Diversity and Relationship of Mulberry Genotypes Revealed by RAPD and ISSR Markers

ABSTRACT To improve mulberry (Morus spp.) foliage productivity, assessment of relatively underexploited genetic resources is essential. A core panel of 14 mulberry genotypes, shortlisted from 45 lines based on molecular profiling, was screened using random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and inter simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers, to assess genetic diversity among them. Out of 25 primers each of RAPD and ISSR screened, 20 polymorphic primers (8 RAPDs and 12 ISSRs) were used in this study. Amplification of genomic DNA of the 14 genotypes, using RAPD analysis, yielded 67 fragments, of which 87.5% were polymorphic. The number of amplified fragments ranged from 6 to 11, with the size of amplicons ranging from 300 to 1,300 bp. The 12 ISSR primers produced 106 bands across 14 genotypes, of which 93% were polymorphic. The number of amplified fragments ranged from 5 to 12, with the size of amplicons ranging from 200 to 1,100 bp. Similarity coefficient ranged from 0.29 to 0.90 for RAPD and 0.36 to 0.81 for ISSR. For RAPDs the polymorphic information content (PIC) values ranged from 0.280 to 0.496, with an average of 0.351. For ISSRs, the PIC values ranged from 0.325 to 0.428, with an average of 0.375. There was a slight difference between RAPDs and ISSRs in their average resolving power (Rp). Using unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean (UPGMA), a process of hierarchical clustering by Numerical Taxonomy and Multivariate Analysis System (NTSYS-pc), RAPD-, and ISSR-derived results were grouped the 14 genotypes into 2 and 5 clusters, respectively. Principal coordinate analysis also showed gross similarities with UPGMA-based dendrograms, with minor deviations. Morus indica L. (C-2016) exhibited highest divergence in cluster and lowest similarity coefficient value. This identified elite line may be utilized in mulberry improvement programs. The RAPD and ISSR markers were successfully used in assessing the genetic diversity among the tested mulberry genotypes.
The relationship between latitude and the timing of spring migration of North American landbirds

Under laboratory conditions, two mechanisms have been identified that control the onset of migration. One mechanism inflexibly controls the initiation of migration, while the other requires external input from a changing environment. It has been suggested that the evolution of these mechanisms has an ecological basis related to the wintering latitude of the species. To establish whether the timing of migration was consistent with this ecological explanation, we studied the long-term mean timing of spring migration, and within-year and among-year variance in timing, in 27 free-living Nearctic migrant species. Species that wintered in higher, temperate latitudes migrated significantly earlier than tropical-wintering species. Tropical-wintering species showed significantly less within-year and among-year variation in the timing of migration, suggesting that the mechanism regulating their migration is primarily endogenous, with little influence of external stimuli. In contrast, breeding latitude showed no relationship to the mean date of migration, or the within-year or among-year variation in timing. These results are consistent with the notion that conditions that indicate time-of-year are unreliable or change imperceptibly (photoperiod) in the tropics, making an endogenous circannual clock valuable for controlling the onset and progression of migration. Temperate-wintering species were more likely to show interspecific correlations in timing than tropical species, further suggesting that external cues modulate spring migration in temperate-wintering species. Our results indicate that the migration regulation system employed might be ultimately determined by wintering latitude and associated environmental cues.
Identifying the effects of cognitive distraction on driving performance – Analysis of naturalistic driving data

There is a positive relationship between driving anger and near-crash or crash risk. However, it remains unclear if anger in fact contributes to traffic accidents and whether this happens due to cognitive overload or aggressive driving behaviors. This study investigated how anger affects driving behavior based on naturalistic driving data from the second Strategic Highway Research Program (SHRP 2). Ten-minute trip segments were analyzed in which drivers exhibited anger with regard to driving errors, violations, and aggressive expressions. This data was compared to a matched baseline consisting of the same drivers not exhibiting anger. Results showed that anger resulted in more frequent aggressive driving behaviors but did not increase driving error frequency. Anger consequently creates danger due to deliberate behaviors rather than because of cognitive overload. In congruence with this finding, only anger triggered by threats, provocations, and frustrations increased the frequency of deliberate infringements. In contrast, anger due to having conflicts with someone on the phone or with a passenger was not linked to any type of aberrant driving behavior. Finally, severe displays of anger were accompanied by more violations as compared to slight or marked anger.
Structure of Iturin and Iturin-like Substances

Although a-granules are usually amorphous, some species of teleost fish have agranules with the morphology of rhombic dodecahedra, closely resembling the crystals formed in uitro (Lange, 1973). These granules when dried for study in the electron microscope have a repeat dimension of 4.26nm (42.6A) (R. H. Lange & C. Klein, unpublished work), which as expected is slightly less than the repeat dimension [4.71 nm (47.1 A)] in pig glucagon granules containing solvent. Thus these granules almost certainly have a structure similar to that of the crystals studied by X-ray analysis and probably contain glucagon trimers. Histochemical staining techniques have been carried out on the amorphous granules (Bussolati et al., 1971). Xanthydrol, a reagent specific for tryptophan residues, produces an unusual blue-grey colour in a-granules, as distinct from the normal violet colour of other structures containing tryptophan. It is noteworthy that glucagon crystals also are stained this unusual colour, suggesting that the environment of the tryptophan residues is the same in both. Thus it seems likely that the crystal trimer also exists in the amorphous granules. The formation of crystals is sensitive to ionic strength, pH, temperature, and the presence of counter-ions and organic substances. Unfavourable combinations of these factors easily cause amorphous precipitation of trimers in the test tube, especially at neutral pH, and it is not surprising that the granules are often amorphous in mammalian a-cells, even though conditions may be conducive to crystallization in the teleost . The glucagon-receptor complex is destabilized at lower temperatures and by the presence of urea (Rodbell et al., 1971). These results suggest that the complex is formed through hydrophobic interactions. It is interesting to speculate that these arise from those hydrophobic side chains brought together in the helical conformer. Glucagon forms a helical structure in the presence of cetyltrimethyl bromide, lysophosphatidylcholine, and other glucagon molecules, which can provide a hydrophobic environment. Fragments which are unable to form helices (residues 1-21, 1-23, 20-29 and 22-29) in these systems do not compete with glucagon at the receptor and have weak or no glucagon activity. Thus it is possible that the helical form found in the crystals binds to the receptor through the two hydrophobic patches. The N-terminal residues may initially remain flexible. Subsequent binding appears to be important in eliciting the biological response, but may not give a proportional further stabilization of the hormone-receptor complex (Rodbell et al., 1971).
Echolocation calls of malaysian bats

The echolocation calls of free-flying bats of the genera Tylonycteris, Glischropus, Hesperoptenus, Myotis, Emhallonura and Taphozous were recorded in the field and examined in their pattern of frequency change over time (fig. 1, 3). Except Myotis hasseltii (pure frequency modulated calls) the calls of all vespertilionids consist of a frequency modulated beginning and a nearly constant frequency end (fm-cf-calls). Hesperoptenus blanfordi emits alternately signals with different cf-parts (32 and 40 kHz). The function of this behaviour is discussed especially with regard to the ränge of the echolocation System. The species of the genus Taphozous show like all other members of this genus studied so far nearly constant frequency calls. Additionally to the strongest first harmonic here the fundamental and higher harmonics can be observed. The calls of Emhallonura monticola are also only weakly frequency modulated.
Surface Moisture Induces Microcracks in the Cuticle of ‘Golden Delicious’ Apple

Formation of microcracks in the cuticular membrane (CM) of epidermal segments (ES) of apple [Malus sylvestris (L.) Mill. var. domestica (Borkh.) Mansf. , 'Golden Delicious', 'Braeburn', 'Idared', 'Jonagold', and 'Topaz'; all grafted on 'Malling.9' rootstocks] fruit was studied after exposure of the surface of the ES to water. Potential strain of the CM on the ES was preserved by mounting a stainless steel washer on the fruit surface using an ethyl-cyanacrylate adhesive. Subsequently, ES were excised by tangentially cutting underneath the washer. The number of microcracks in the CM was established by light microscopy before and after a 48-h incubation period in deionized water. Within 48 h, the number of microcracks rapidly increased when the outer surface of ES of 'Golden Delicious' apple was exposed to water, but there was essentially no increase in microcracks when exposed to the ambient atmosphere. The occurrence of microcracks depended on the region of the fruit surface and increased from the rim of the pedicel cavity to the calyx. Increasing the relative humidity (greater than 75% relative humidity at 22 °C) above the outer surface of the ES exponentially increased the number of microcracks. Water-induced microcracking was not limited to 'Golden Delicious', but also occurred in 'Braeburn', 'Jonagold', 'Topaz', and, to a markedly smaller extent, in 'Idared' apple. The mechanism of formation of microcracks in the CM of apple fruit and their role in fruit russeting are discussed.
MEMECYLON SPECIES: A REVIEW OF TRADITIONAL INFORMATION AND TAXONOMIC DESCRIPTION

The present review is to avail the comprehensive information on taxonomy, phytochemistry and pharmacology of Indian Memecylon species. Memecylon is one of the complex genus of flowering plants and it is an important source of traditional medicine. Owing to complexity in morphological characters, identification of Memecylon species has become very difficult. Nomenclature status of most of the Indian Memecylon species is not clear. Phylogenetic studies report on this genus are also very few. Memecylon species reported having potential pharmacological activities. This background made us present a review on Indian Memecylon species. Information on this plant genus was searched using various electronic databases in reference to the terms Indian Memecylon species taxonomy, phylogeny, pharmacological activities and phytoconstituents along with Indian classical texts, journals, etc. There is a confusion regarding the taxonomic status of Memecylon malabaricum, M. amplexicaule, M. depressum , M. wightii. M. umbellatum and M. edule . Several chemical constituents like memecylaene, umbelactone, amyrin, sitosterol, tartaric acid, malicacid, oleanolicacid, ursolicacid and tannins, triterpenes, and flavonoids have been identified in this genus. The plant extracts of this genus have been demonstrated to have potential pharmacological activities. Some of the phytoconstituents are attributed to the pharmacological potential of this genus. Further, there is a need to validate its taxonomic status and pharmacological properties by using modern biological techniques. If future studies throw a light on these aspects, definitely it will help in developing a potential biopharmaceutical product. Keywords: Biological activities, Taxonomy, Memecylon species, Phylogeny
Investigation of a gel polymer electrolyte based on polyacrylonitrile and magnesium chloride for a redox capacitor

To supplement the ever increasing power demand in the present day world, supercapacitors have emerged as one of the suitable power storage devices. Redox capacitors have received a considerable attention due to factors such as high cycle ability, satisfactory specific capacitance and good stability. There are many reports on redox capacitors based on liquid electrolytes but these have several drawbacks. In this study, a magnesium chloride (MgCl 2 ) based gel polymer electrolyte was prepared and characterized for its suitability to be used in a redox capacitor. The composition, 0.1 polyacrylonitrile (PAN):0.4 ethylene carbonate (EC):0.4 propylene carbonate (PC):0.125 MgCl 2 (weight ratios) exhibits the highest room temperature conductivity of 4.08×10 -4 S cm -1 . Conductivity variation of this sample with the temperature shows Arrhenius behavior. The ionic transference number is 0.84. This shows that the GPE is an ionic conductor. Redox capacitors were fabricated with two polypyrrole (PPy) electrodes. They were characterized using Cyclic Voltammetry technique, Impedance Spectroscopy and Galvanostatic Charge Discharge test. Cycling at the scan rate of 10 mV/s within the potential window of -1.4 V to +1.4 V showed a specific capacitance of 120.35 F/g. Impedance data showed the electrochemical behavior of the device having resistive and capacitive behavior. Galvanostatic charge discharge test results exhibit average power density and energy density of 341 W/kg and 5 Wh/kg respectively.
Colonization of the vegetative stage of rice plants by the false smut fungus Villosiclava virens, as revealed by a combination of species‐specific detection methods

Rice false smut disease caused by the ascomycete fungus Villosiclava virens (Clavicipitaceae) reduces rice yield world-wide. It invades rice panicles and forms dark-green false smut balls composed of thick-walled conidia. Although the infection process during the booting stage is well studied, its infection route before this is unclear. It was hypothesized that the thick-walled conidia in soil penetrate rice roots, and the fungus latently colonizes roots and tiller buds at the vegetative stage. This hypothesis was tested using species-speciﬁc detection methods. First, real-time PCR with species-speciﬁc primers and probe was used to estimate thick-walled conidial number in the paddy ﬁeld soil. Secondly, nested PCR with species-speciﬁc primers showed that fungal DNA was detected in roots and shoot apices of rice plants in the vegetative stage. Thirdly, colourimetric in situ hybridization with a species-speciﬁc oligonucleotide probe targeting 18S rRNA suggested that sparse mycelia or tightly condensed mycelia were present on the external surface of tiller buds enveloped by juvenile leaf sheaths at the vegetative stage. Thin hyphae were found around leaf axils at the surface of elongated stems at the heading stage, and the fungal hyphae grew in the rice root tissues. In addition, it was demon-strated that eGFP-tagged transformants of the fungus invaded rice roots and colonized the surface of roots and leaf sheaths under artiﬁcial conditions. The the of
Infraspecific Classification of Some Chinese Snakes

Psammodynastes pulverulentus papenfussi ssp. nov. Holotype: MVZ 23857. an adult female. 5 May 1934, Kuraru (=kueitzuchiao), Koshun District (=Henchun Town). Takao-shu Province (now Pintung Hsien), Taiwan. China, 150 meters, collected by J. Linsley Gressitt. The holotype is preserved in the Museum of Vertebrate Zoology. University of California. Berkeley, California. USA. Diagnosis: This new subspecies has higher ventral and subcaudal counts (Table 2). Ventral plus subcaudal counts range from 214-245, mean 234.2. while that of the nominate subspecies is 201-245, mean
Influence of processing on the digestibility of the African yam bean (Sphenostylis stenocarpa) flour

Comparaison des effets du trempage, du chauffage et de la cuisson sur la valeur nutritive et la digestibilite in vivo et in vitro des proteines de farines de cette legumineuse. L'activite des inhibiteurs de trypsine est fortement reduite au cours d'une cuisson prolongee
STUDY OF BEHAVIOURAL AND MORPHOLOGICAL ANOMALIES OF FRY FISH OF FRESH WATER TELEOST, CHANNA PUNCTATUS UNDER CHLORPYRIFOS INTOXICATION

The present study was conduct to assess the effect of Chlorpyrifos toxicity to behavioural and morphological manifestation of fry fish of Channa punctatus. The mortality data obtained through probit analysis was found to 0.365, 0.328, 0.269, and 0. 253μl/l at 24, 48, 72, and 96 hrs respectively. The change in behaviour of fish such as convulsions, swimming erratically, vertical hanging, coughing, loss of balance, abnormal opercular movement, and lateral flexure, with tail beat were shown and finally fish became lethargic and settled at the bottom and their belly turned up before death. Opercular beat frequency (OBF/ min.), tail beat frequency (TBF/ min.), in gulping air or escaping attempt / min. and surfacing at sec. Increased with increasing concentration of CPF up to 24 hrs after that decreased following 96 hrs of exposure tenure. These quantal behaviour responses were significant at p<0.001. The prevalence of morphological deformities such as shedding of scales, discoloration, lesion of skin, split and necrosis of fins, eye deformities, scoliosis, damaged skull, lower lip extension and copious amount of mucus secretion all over the body were shown. The percentage of these deformities was dose and duration dependent. KEY WARDS: Chlorpyrifos, fry of Channa punctatus, LC50, behaviour and morphology.
Plant Regeneration from Snapdragon Tissue Cultures

Calli and suspension cultures were initiated from young shoot and root tissues and mature stem tissues of Antirrhinum majus L. ‘Rocket Golden, ‘Kimosy White,’ and ‘Potomac Yellow. ’ Several one-, 2-, or 3-media sequences could induce plant regeneration successfully from cultures initiated from young ‘Kimosy White’ shoot or root tissues. No plants could be regenerated from cultures initiated from mature stem tissues, however. Plantlets also could be formed in a liquid medium; some of these were malformed until placed on solid medium. Complete plants with roots placed in soil developed into normal appearing fertile plants.
Synthesis and lipase-catalysed enantioselective acylation studies on ethyl 4-aryl-3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-ones

A series of different analogs of 4-aryl-3,4-dihydropyriinidin-2(1H)-one have been synthesized and their biocatalytic resolution has been carried out using immobilized lipase CAL-L(A) (immobilized on accurel). The systematic one-step procedure is developed for the synthesis of optically enriched ethyl 4-aryl-6-methyl-3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2-one-5-carboxylates 8a-d and acylated ethyl 4-aryl-6-methyl-3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2-one-5-carboxylates 9a-e, 10a-e, 11b-d and 12a-e, by the enantioselective acylation of racemic ethyl 4-aryl-6-methyl-3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2-one-5-carboxylates using CAL-L(A).
Variation in the Fatty Acid Composition Between and Within Two Mantis Shrimp Species, Harpiosquilla harpax and Miyakea nepa: Impact of Season and Sex

ABSTRACT Harpiosquilla harpax and Miyakea nepa are two out of 400 marine crustaceans commonly known as mantis shrimp. Mantis shrimp are commercially valuable and can be found in fish markets of some Mediterranean and many Asian countries. This study focused on a comparative analysis of variation throughout the year in regards to proximate and total fatty acid composition in the muscle of male and female H. harpax and M. nepa. The most abundant fatty acids identified in the muscle of both species were C16:0, C18:0, docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; C22:6n-3), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA; C20:5n-3), and C20:4n-6. Results of this study revealed that the muscle fatty acid profiles of H. harpax and M. nepa were not significantly different (p > 0.05), except for C14:0, C16:0, C22:0, and DHA amounts, and were mostly influenced by sex within each sampling month. Generally, the muscle of H. harpax contained higher (p < 0.05) levels of DHA than the muscle of M. nepa. The male mantis shrimp, within each species and most of the sampling months, appeared to have higher (p < 0.05) DHA, total n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA), and PUFA/saturated fatty acid ratio compared to the females. Both species could be considered as a good source of n-3 PUFA in the human diet.
Spatial distribution of Catopsis and Guzmania (Bromeliaceae) in southern Florida

BENNETT, B. C. (Dept. Biol., Univ. North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27514). Spatial distribution of Catopsis and Guzmania (Bromeliaceae) in southern Florida. Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 114:265-271. 1987. -The habitat preference and spatial distribution within a habitat of Guzmania monostachia (L.) Rusby ex Mez. , Catopsis berteroniana (Schultes f.) Mez. , C. floribunda L. B. Smith, and C. nutans (Swartz) Grisebach were examined in southern Florida. These epiphytic bromeliads are not randomly distributed but are patchy, confined to Fraxinus caroliniana-Annona glabra swamps. Distribution within the habitat is subject to a number of constraints: temperature and light gradients, aspect, location of host species in the habitat and distribution among hosts. Host morphology is also an important distribution factor. The number of principal vertical stems produced by a single tree (DBH) or the basal area of all host plants per clump were positively correlated with abundance of all epiphytic species. Host DBH had little effect on species abundance, except for the number of C. nutans per stem. The four species were distributed over vertical stem gradients in the following sequence (low-high): Guzmania, C. nutans, C. floribunda and C. berteroniana. The distribution, then, of Guzmania and Catopsis is not random but is patchy because of 3 or 4 factors: clumping in preferred habitats (FraxinusAnnona swamps); habitat constraints such as temperature, light, aspect and location of suitable hosts within the habitat; and the host morphology. In this study, the number of host stems per clump was significantly correlated with the number of epiphytic individuals per clump, and accounted for 24-63% of the variation in this variable. A fourth factor in patchiness may be the location of optimal germination sites within a clump. Seeds and seedlings were more abundant on epiphytic bryophytes than on exposed bark.
of paraplegic subjects tissue activity and lipid stores differs in skeletal muscle Myofibrillar distribution of succinate dehydrogenase

You might find this additional info useful.This article cites 67 articles, 36 of which can be accessed free at:http://ajpendo.physiology. org/content/302/3/E365.full. html#ref-list-1 Updated information and services including high resolution figures, can be found at:http://ajpendo.physiology. org/content/302/3/E365.full. html Additional material and information about AJP - Endocrinology and Metabolism can be found at:http://www.the-aps.org/publications/ajpendoThis infomation is current as of January 25, 2012. €