Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Clinical Application Effect of Therapy Combined Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Senile Osteoporosis

Objective: To analyze the clinical effect and bone metabolic marker expression levels of patients with senile osteoporosis in the treatment of therapy combined traditional Chinese and western medicine,so as to provide clinical data for its application. Methods: 80 cases of senile patients with osteoporosis were selected and divided into two groups randomly. Patients in Group Control were given Alendronate and Calcium carbonate D3 for treatment,while patients in Group Observation were given Chinese herbal medicine which invigorated the kidney at the same time. Clinical effect and bone mineral density( BMD) were record after 6 months' treatment. At the same time,Peripheral blood of patients was extracted before and after treatment to detect the OPG /RANKL mRNA and protein expression levels. Results: The effective rate and efficient rate of Group Observation were both higher than those of Group Control,and the efficient rate had statistical difference( χ2= 5. 208,P = 0. 022). Before treatment,there was no significant difference in BMD between groups; while the BND of collum femoris,L2-4 and trochanter of Group Observation were all higher than those of Group Control after treatment( t = 2. 847,2. 461,3. 052; P = 0. 031,0. 043,0. 022). There was no significant difference in BMD between groups before treatment; while the mRNA and protein expression level of Group Observation were both higher than those of Group Control after treatment( t = 8. 524,6. 872; P = 0. 000). Further more,both the OPG /RANKL mRNA and protein expression level had positive correlation property with average BMD of the patients( R2( mRNA)= 0. 6503,R2( 蛋白)=0. 6563). Conclusion: Our research results shows that Chinese herbal medicine which invigorated the kidney has regulation effect on OPG /RANKL /RANK axis,which is benefit for osteogenesis and worth of clinical application.
Virological Response Following Anti-Retroviral Therapy Employing Once-A-Day 30 mg of Stavudine in HIV-Infected Patients: A 24- Week Randomized Controlled Study in Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania

Methods: Naïve HIV infected patients were equally randomized either to receive stavudine 30mg once-daily or zidovudine standard dose regimens. Viral load, hemoglobin (Hb), alanine amino transferase (ALT), Body Mass Index (BMI), opportunistic infections (OIs) at baseline and six months were determined. Changes at baseline and six months were compared within and between-groups. Our outcome was the proportion of patients who attained VLS< 400 copies/mL at six months.
Cholera studies: 11. Prevention and control

Abstract In discussing prevention, the author deals first with the provision of permanently safe water, supplied from waterworks or wells, and with other improvements in environmental sanitation. Control of food and drinks, public health propaganda and education, and vaccination are also considered under this heading. The greater part of this study is devoted to suppressive measures, affecting the individual, the environment, and persons in the mass. Discussion of the isolation, detection and management of cholera patients, the management of contacts, and the management and treatment of carriers is followed by sections on, inter alia, disinfection, temporary improvements in water supplies, fly control, and personal prophylaxis. In dealing with mass prophylaxis, the author pays particular attention to vaccination. In the concluding sections he goes into the control of pilgrimages and local and international quarantine measures.
The Role of Circulation and Its Changes in Present and Future Atmospheric Rivers over Western North America

Performance in simulating atmospheric rivers (ARs) over western North America based on AR frequency and landfall latitude is evaluated for 10 models from phase 5 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project among which the CanESM2 model performs well. ARs are classified into southern, northern, and middle types using self-organizing maps in the ERA-Interim reanalysis and CanESM2. The southern type is associated with the development and eastward movement of anomalous lower pressure over the subtropical eastern Pacific, while the northern type is linked with the eastward movement of anomalous cyclonic circulation stimulated by warm sea surface temperatures over the subtropical western Pacific. The middle type is connected with the negative phase of North Pacific Oscillation–west Pacific teleconnection pattern. CanESM2 is further used to investigate projected AR changes at the end of the twenty-first century under the representative concentration pathway 8.5 scenario. AR definitions usually reference fixed integrated water vapor or integrated water vapor transport thresholds. AR changes under such definitions reflect both thermodynamic and dynamic influences. We therefore also use a modified AR definition that isolates change from dynamic influences only. The total AR frequency doubles compared to the historical period, with the middle AR type contributing the largest increases along the coasts of Vancouver Island and California. Atmospheric circulation (dynamic) changes decrease northern AR type frequency while increasing middle AR type frequency, indicating that future changes of circulation patterns modify the direct effect of warming on AR frequency, which would increase ARs (relative to fixed thresholds) almost everywhere along the North American coastline.
Characteristics and Generation of Low‐Frequency Magnetosonic Waves Below the Proton Gyrofrequency

We report a Van Allen Probes observation of large‐amplitude magnetosonic waves with the peak intensity below the proton gyrofrequency (fcp), which may potentially be misinterpreted as electromagnetic ion cyclotron waves. The frequency spacing of the wave harmonic structure suggests that these magnetosonic waves are excited at a distant source region and propagate radially inward. We also conduct a statistical analysis of low‐frequency magnetosonic waves below fcp based on the Van Allen Probes data from October 2012 to December 2018. The spatial distribution shows that these low‐frequency magnetosonic emissions are dominantly observed inside the plasmasphere from the prenoon to the midnight sector within 5° of the geomagnetic equator and typically have modest‐to‐strong wave amplitudes ranging from tens of pT to hundreds of pT. Our study provides insight into understanding the generation and propagation of these low‐frequency magnetosonic waves in the Earth's inner magnetosphere.
Aerosol‐Cloud Interactions in Trade Wind Cumulus Clouds and the Role of Vertical Wind Shear

In shallow cumulus clouds, cloud deepening as a dynamical response to increased droplet number concentration has recently been shown to buffer the microphysical suppression of precipitation. In the current study, large eddy simulations with a two‐moment bin microphysics model are employed to revisit this buffering and to investigate the role of vertical wind shear in aerosol‐cloud interactions in trade wind cumuli. An idealized case is developed based on ship measurements and corresponding reanalysis data over the Sulu Sea in the Philippines in September 2012. A quasi‐steady state is reached after roughly 25 – 35 hr for all six simulations performed (three different aerosol concentrations covering 35 – 230 cm−3, with/without vertical wind shear). All simulations show that the aerosol effect is buffered, to first order; increased aerosol results in deeper clouds, a reduced cloud fraction, and an increase in the shortwave cloud radiative effect. For the no‐shear cases, positive aerosol perturbations result in a small increase in surface precipitation, while the opposite is true in the presence of vertical wind shear because of muted deepening. Analysis shows competing influences of vertical wind shear; enhanced cloud clustering protects clouds from evaporation and entrainment while tilting of clouds enhances evaporation. In spite of the small responses of surface precipitation to very large changes in aerosol, cloud size and spatial distributions and charge/discharge precipitation cycles differ significantly, expressing changes in the pathways to surface precipitation and a dynamical buffering of the system.
The Effectiveness of Adaptive Beach Protection Methods under Wind Application

A physical model test was carried out to evaluate a measure of reducing sediment transport in a condition of erosive wave incidence. The erosion trend was analyzed in a beach profile consisting of 0.1 mm sand, and a scenario in which 1 mm and 5 mm materials were applied to the erosion section was conducted. The effects of beach nourishment profiles with different sand diameters were verified by comparing the results when the submerged breakwater was installed. In addition, because high waves are usually accompanied with strong wind, to determine the wind effect, morphological change was examined under waves only and the coexistence of waves and wind together. The experimental results showed that sediment transport around the shoreline decreased in a condition of nourishment with 1 mm grains, and the total amount of morphological change was similar to the case in which the submerged breakwater was installed. The results illustrated that a change in wind velocity increased the wave energy density, as well as the range of morphological change.
Permafrost-affected former agricultural soils of the Salekhard city (Central part of Yamal region)

Soil cover transformation in Russian Arctic is considered as underinvestigated. In 1920s it was started systematical studying and exploitation of natural resources of Far North of Russia. Due to development of industry and growth in area population necessity in agricultural products was growing intensively and arable soils became typical component of the soil cover in polar cities surroundings. Nowadays, however, almost all the former cultivation fields are abandoned or in poor use. Abandoned agricultural soil in sub urban territories of the Salekhard city were studied with aim to evaluate alteration of soil morphology and chemistry under agricultural impact and clarify the specificity of this process in case of permafrost-affected soils. The predominance of sandy textured parent materials within Salekhard city area was one of the main reason of favorable agricultural using of land in the north of Western Siberia in previous years. Data obtained revealed that studied soils are characterized by properties caused both by former (or existing) anthropogenic influence and natural processes (e.g. cryogenic mass transfer). Soil organic carbon content depends mainly on the character of current land use and varies significantly in studied soils. Most of the soil samples showed the highest levels of soil nutrients in the topsoil. Former arable horizon is stable in time in terms of morphological features and agrochemical state. In spite of high level of soil acidity, content of nutrients in antropogenically affected topsoils is still high after 20 years of abandoned state of soils. This indicates that agrosoils with relatively high fertility of arable topsoils could exist during long time in case of sandy-textured parent materials.
Imatinib for the treatment of thymic carcinoma

8116 Background: Thymic carcinomas (TC) are rare neoplastic diseases with chemosensitivity to a broad range of agents. As no curative treatment exists for patients with advanced disease, additional agents are needed in this setting. Studies have demonstrated expression of c-kit in TC, presenting a potential target for inhibitors of the KIT tyrosine kinase receptor (TKR). Imatinib mesylate (IM) is an orally administered inhibitor of multiple TKR’s, including bcr-abl, KIT, and PDGFR. A single published case reported an objective response to imatinib in a patient with TC overexpressing KIT (NEJM 350(25), 2004), making this an attractive agent to study in this setting. We present the results of a pilot study using IM in patients with advanced TC. Methods: Patients with previously treated, pathologically confirmed TC were eligible for study. All patients had received prior treatment with at least one line of chemotherapy, including a platinum-based regimen. All patients had radiographically measurable disease .
The Effect of Climate Variables on Dengue Burden in Indonesia: A Case Study from Medan City

Dengue is the world most serious arboviral diseases with regard to the number of people infected. In 2012, WHO informed that Indonesia is the second largest with dengue cases among the endemic countries. The most prevalent province in Indonesia of dengue cases outside java island was North Sumatra where Medan city was recorded as the highest cases within the province. Urbanization, demographic change and warming temperatures were related with the recent expansion of the primary vector of dengue; Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus. In this paper, we examined the relation between climate factors and dengue cases in the study area. The association of them was performed through Generalized Additive Models (GAM), considering the number of dengue patients as response variable and climatic factor such as precipitation, minimum temperature, maximum temperature, average temperature and relative humidity as predictor variables. In addition, using this model vulnerability map was constructed. The result stated that climate variation influenced the number of dengue haemorrhagic fever (DHF) patients as 66.1% with precipitation variable was more important followed by maximum temperature. Furthermore, the highest risk of dengue was located in the main city of Medan.
Study of the pattern of adverse events following immunization of children in a tertiary care hospital

Background: Success of an immunization programme depends upon awareness regarding usefulness and safety of vaccines. Widespread information on vaccine safety is very essential. Objective of study was to analyze pattern of Adverse Events Following Immunization (AEFI) in children. Methods: Prospective, observational study was carried out at immunization OPD of B. J. Government Medical College and Sassoon General hospital, Pune, where children receiving routine immunization were analyzed & followed up through telephonic survey of parents. Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS) form was used to record AEFI. Results: Total 1206 children, aged 0-6 years, received total of 3179 vaccine doses. 22.71% AEFI were reported. Most common AEFI per 1000 doses of all vaccinations was Fever, seen in less than 9 months of age group (84.67%). DPT vaccine was most common vaccine associated with AEFI and maximum (37.8%) adverse events were seen with 1st dose of DPT. Conclusions: Reporting of AEFI with regular analysis and feedback should be an integral part of immunization programs.
Carbon Offsetting with Eco-Conscious Consumers

In this paper, we model a firm that can reduce its carbon footprint in the presence of a segment of eco-conscious consumers, who consider the product’s carbon footprint when making purchasing decisions. The firm can reduce its controllable emissions at increased fixed and variable costs. The firm can also buy carbon offsets, at the price set by a nongovernmental organization (NGO), for both its controllable and uncontrollable emissions in the supply chain. We find that the firm should not use these two emission reduction methods as simple substitutes. In particular, as the offset price decreases, the firm may spend more efforts reducing its controllable emissions. Also, a firm’s decision to buy carbon offsets depends on the correlation between consumers’ preferences for the product function and for its environmental attributes, and this has implications for NGOs selling offsets. Specifically, although NGOs should price offsets as low as possible in most cases, we find some instances where a premium pricing strategy may be more effective in promoting lower-carbon footprint products, especially when eco-conscious consumers have a significantly higher valuation for the product than those who do not care about the environment, on average. This paper was accepted by Jayashankar Swaminathan, operations management.
O22.5 Providing Discrete and Reliable STD Testing in Alaska Via a Web-Based At-Home Service

Background Alaska has one of the highest rates of Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) and Neisseria gonorrhoeae (GC) in the United States. Alaska Native people, women and youth (ages 15–29) are disproportionately affected. Alaska Native health organisations have jurisdictions over large geographic areas, containing small isolated communities where a perceived lack of confidentiality and privacy is an identified barrier to accessing Sexually Transmitted Disease (STD) testing. The Alaska Native Tribal Health Consortium (ANTHC) has partnered with the “ I Want the Kit” programme (IWTK) at Johns Hopkins University (JHU) to provide a discrete and reliable STD testing alternative. Methods Alaska residents 14 years of age and older can request a no-cost STD testing kit online or by phone, which is mailed via U.S. Postal Service. After collection, the kit is returned in a prepaid envelope to JHU where it is tested for Chlamydia, gonorrhoea and Trichomonas . JHU reports all testing results to ANTHC, where a nurse notifies all participants of their results and refers positive cases for treatment. IWTK Alaska focuses its advertising efforts in rural Alaskan areas where the disease burden can be high and the barriers to accessing confidential healthcare are greatest. Results In 2012, JHU received a total of 439 home testing kit requests from Alaska of which 161 (37%) were returned. Alaska Native and/or American Indian participants comprised 30% and Whites 53% of kits tested; other minority groups made up the remaining 17% of kits tested. The ages of individuals who returned kits ranged from 16 to 63 years, with a median age of 28 years. Among the 161 kits tested, 14 (8.6%) tested positive for Chlamydia, two of these also tested positive for gonorrhoea, and four kits were positive for Trichomonas. Conclusion This web-based STD testing option increases access to STD testing by alleviating privacy and confidentiality concerns.
Climate variability and adaptation of Homegardens in South Asia: case studies from Sri Lanka, Bangladesh and India

This study assessed the climate variability, vulnerability of Homegardens (HGs), and elements that influence the adaptation decisions of homegardeners in selected regions in South Asia. Study sample comprised 148 HGs in three sites in Sri Lanka, 120 HGs in Bangladesh and 100 HGs in India. Variability in temperature and rainfall in the sites from 1961 to 2010, and changes in the onset of cultivating seasons during two decades (1991-2010) were analyzed. The socio-economic data of the homegardeners, agronomic data of HGs, diversity of trees and farm animals, and adaptation strategies used in HGs for perceived variability in climate during 1991-2010 were collected using a questionnaire survey. The annual rate of rise in night-time minimum temperature in the three Sri Lankan study sites (0.012 to 0.022 °C; R2 = 0.251 to 0.589; p 0.05). The annual cumulative rainfall did not reveal any discernible trend in all study sites (p>0.05). From 1991-2010, 85 % of Maha seasons in Sri Lanka (September to February) have not been set on time (p
Impact of Down‐Dip Rupture Limit and High‐Stress Drop Subevents on Coseismic Land‐Level Change during Cascadia Megathrust Earthquakes

Seismic hazard associated with Cascadia megathrust earthquakes is strongly dependent on the landward rupture extent and heterogeneous fault properties. We use 3D numerical simulations and a seismic velocity model for Cascadia to estimate coseismic deformation due to M 9–9.2 earthquake scenarios. Our earthquake source model is based on observations of the 2010 M 8.8 Maule and 2011 M 9.0 Tohoku earthquakes, which exhibited distinct strong motion‐generating subevents in the deep portion of the fault. We compare our estimates for land‐level change to paleoseismic estimates for coseismic coastal subsidence during the A.D. 1700 Cascadia earthquake. Results show that megathrust rupture extending to the 1 cm/yr locking contour provides a good match to geologic data. In addition, along‐strike variations in coastal subsidence can be matched by including low slip, strong motion‐generating subevents in the down‐dip region of the megathrust. This work demonstrates the potential to improve seismic hazard estimates for Cascadia earthquakes by comparing physics‐based earthquake simulations with geologic observations.
Landslide mapping with remote sensing: challenges and opportunities

ABSTRACT Landslide mapping is the primary step for landslide investigation and prevention. At present, both the accuracy and the degree of automation of landslide mapping with remote sensing (LMRS) are still lower than those of general remote sensing classification. In order to improve the performance, previous attempts have been made to develop new features, classifiers, and rules, whereas few studies have investigated the in-depth causes and the corresponding solutions. In this paper, after reviewing the related literature, some of the fundamental difficulties hindering the improvement of LMRS are disclosed and discussed. Firstly, landslides do not have distinguishable spectral, spatial, or temporal characteristics, as they may actually be covered by other land covers. Secondly, the surface features of a landslide can vary greatly, affected by the different geological factors, geomorphological factors, hydrological factors, weather conditions, and other factors. Thirdly, the differences in the surface features are often remarkable and nonnegligible, and thus it is difficult to identify a landslide with only a few simple criteria. Finally, some solutions to the above difficulties are suggested. It is expected that the accuracy and applicability of LMRS could be greatly improved, by exploiting big data, utilizing the deep learning technique, and modelling the surface spatial structure of the landslide.
An Analysis of the Impact of Zoning Policies on Residential Property Values in Abuja

Zoning policies are measures used to enforce compliance and control the development of an area. These measures have been used in different countries to achieve a well-planned and habitable residential environment. Enforcement of these measures has tended to increase or decrease property values in some jurisdictions. Thus, the objective of this study was to measure the influence of zoning policies on rental values in Abuja, Nigeria. Due to the dearth of data related to the subject matter of this research, residents, property developers and personnel responsible for enforcement of these policies were targeted and used for data gathering. The hedonic price modeling (HPM) was used to assess the contribution of zoning policies to rental values in this analysis. The results, however, revealed that zoning is negatively correlated to rental values, while other zoning policies used in the study area are positively correlated to rental values. The result extends the debate that the impact of zoning could either be positively or negatively correlated to price relative to the underlying measures adopted within a jurisdiction. This result suggests that it is imperative to undertake a study in a jurisdiction before decisions could be made. Again, zoning policies should be extended to other suburbs of Abuja so that population pressure within Abuja and its immediate suburbs could be mitigated.