Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Wavelet transform modulus : phase retrieval and scattering

Les tâches qui consistent a comprendre automatiquement le contenu d’un signal naturel, comme une image ou un son, sont en general difficiles. En effet, dans leur representation naive, les signaux sont des objets compliques, appartenant a des espaces de grande dimension. Representes differemment, ils peuvent en revanche etre plus faciles a interpreter. Cette these s’interesse a une representation frequemment utilisee dans ce genre de situations, notamment pour analyser des signaux audio : le module de la transformee en ondelettes. Pour mieux comprendre son comportement, nous considerons, d’un point de vue theorique et algorithmique, le probleme inverse correspondant : la reconstruction d’un signal a partir du module de sa transformee en ondelettes. Ce probleme appartient a une classe plus generale de problemes inverses : les problemes de reconstruction de phase. Dans un premier chapitre, nous decrivons un nouvel algorithme, PhaseCut, qui resout numeriquement un probleme de reconstruction de phase generique. Comme l’algorithme similaire PhaseLift, PhaseCut utilise une relaxation convexe, qui se trouve en l’occurence etre de la meme forme que les relaxations du probleme abondamment etudie MaxCut. Nous comparons les performances de PhaseCut et PhaseLift, en termes de precision et de rapidite. Dans les deux chapitres suivants, nous etudions le cas particulier de la reconstruction de phase pour la transformee en ondelettes. Nous montrons que toute fonction sans frequence negative est uniquement determinee (a une phase globale pres) par le module de sa transformee en ondelettes, mais que la reconstruction a partir du module n’est pas stable au bruit, pour une definition forte de la stabilite. On demontre en revanche une propriete de stabilite locale. Nous presentons egalement un nouvel algorithme de reconstruction de phase, non-convexe, qui est specifique a la transformee en ondelettes, et etudions numeriquement ses performances. Enfin, dans les deux derniers chapitres, nous etudions une representation plus sophistiquee, construite a partir du module de transformee en ondelettes : la transformee de scattering. Notre but est de comprendre quelles proprietes d’un signal sont caracterisees par sa transformee de scattering. On commence par demontrer un theoreme majorant l’energie des coefficients de scattering d’un signal, a un ordre donne, en fonction de l’energie du signal initial, convole par un filtre passe-haut qui depend de l’ordre. On etudie ensuite une generalisation de la transformee de scattering, qui s’applique a des processus stationnaires. On montre qu’en dimension finie, cette transformee generalisee preserve la norme. En dimension un, on montre egalement que les coefficients de scattering generalises d’un processus caracterisent la queue de distribution du processus.
Sensitivity Analysis of Polarimetric Variables at a 5-cm Wavelength in Rain

Abstract Sensitivity of 5-cm-wavelength polarimetric radar measurements to raindrop size and distribution is investigated. At this wavelength, resonance occurs for sizes larger than about 5 mm, and therefore several polarimetric variables exhibit nonmonotone dependence on the drop diameter. The resonance effect is examined for temperatures of 0°, 10°, 20°, and 30°C. Through use of truncated gamma distributions (parameterized as a function of rain rate from the Maritime Continent Thunderstorm Experiment), and truncated Marshall–Palmer distributions, the influence of the upper tail of the drop size distribution is brought out. This poorly documented region of sizes can have a significant effect on some polarimetric variables. These simulations are extended further to include estimates of rain rate from the reflectivity factor Z, the specific differential phase KDP, the combined use of KDP and differential reflectivity ZDR, and the combined use of Z and ZDR.
Resonance poles and Gamow vectors in the rigged Hilbert space formulation of quantum mechanics

After a summary of the Rigged Hilbert space formulation of quantum mechanics and a brief statement of its advantages over von Neumann’s formulation, a mathematically correct definition of Gamow’s exponentially decaying vectors as generalized energy eigenvectors is suggested. It is shown that exponentially decaying vectors are obtained from the S‐matrix poles in the lower half of the second sheet and exponentially growing vectors from the S‐matrix poles in the upper half of the second sheet. Decaying ’’state’’ vectors are defined as functionals over half of the space of physical states and growing ’’state’’ vectors are defined as functionals over the other half. On functionals over these subspaces, the dynamical group of time development splits into two semigroups, one for t ≳ 0 and the other for t < 0. The generalized basis system connected with the spectrum of the Hamiltonian is transformed into a new basis system in which the exponentially decaying component of the density matrix is separated.
Determination of activity concentration of natural and artificial radionuclides in sand samples from mediterranean coast of Antalya in Turkey

Abstract In this paper, we attempt to determine the activity concentration of natural and artificial radionuclides in 37 sand samples from the Mediterranean coast of Antalya in Turkey by using a high purity Germanium (HpGe) detector. 238U, 232Th, 40K and 137Cs activity concentrations, absorbed dose rate, annual effective dose equivalent, radium equivalent activity, external and internal hazard index of sand samples are determined res-pectively. The average values are 13.43 ± 0.21 Bq/kg, 6.96 ± 0.06 Bq/kg and, 122.46 ± 18.58 Bq/kg, for 238U, 232Th and 40K respectively. Most of the activity concentration values are less than below minimum detection limit for 137Cs. The average values of the absorbed dose rate D (nGy/h), annual effective dose equivalent AEDE(μSv/y), radium equivalent activity Raeq (Bq/kg), external hazard index Hex and internal hazard index Hin are 15.52 nGy/h, 19.03 μSv/y, 32.81 Bq/kg, 0.09 and 0.12 respectively. It is observed that 238U, 232Th, 40K and 137Cs activity concentrations, absorbed dose rate, annual effective dose equivalent, radium equivalent activity are in the limit of the published values, external and internal hazard index values are less than unity.
Small photon field dosimetry using EBT2 Gafchromic film and Monte Carlo simulation

Small photon ields are increasingly used in modern radiotherapy especially in intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) and stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) treatments. It is dif icult to measure beam pro iles, central axis depth doses and output factors in small ields accurately. That is related to the electron disequilibrium (1), partial blocking of the beam source (2, 3), steep dose gradients and perturbation due to different density of the detector and the medium (4, 5). Due to these M. Yarahmadi1,2, H.A. Nedaie2,3*, M. Allahverdi2, Kh. Asnaashari3, O.A. Sauer4
Link budget calculation in optical LEO satellite downlinks with on/off‐keying and large signal divergence: A simplified methodology

Direct‐to‐Earth transmissions with optical on/off‐keying are becoming the method of choice to realize telemetry downlinks from low Earth orbit satellites at highest data‐rates. Here, we review the calculation procedure for a practical assessment of the mean link budget in this space‐ground data communication technology. We present a comprehensive survey of the dynamic orbital and beam‐pointing effects as well as the impacts from atmospheric attenuation on the link performance. The paper provides an exhaustive review of the formulas commonly used and propounds a recipe to reliably estimate the received power on ground. An overview of typical data transmitter terminals, transmission channel parameters, and the according optical ground stations is provided. Comparison with measured received powers over transmitter elevation angle and the respective design estimates serves for verification.
Apparent and true flattening distribution of elliptical galaxies

CCD photometry of 204 objects from the literature has been used to produce a new distribution of the flattening of elliptical galaxies. All flattenings are referred to the effective isophote. This distribution is remarkably different from previous ones essentially because of the deficiency of low-ellipticity objects. The rectification algorithm by Lucy L. B. (1974, Astron. J., 79) has been used to deproject the distribution on the basis of hypotheses that the objects are oblate, and prolate, but neither of these hypotheses can explain the lack of round objects which are observed. This gives the first statistical evidence that ellipticals cannot constitute a population of purely biaxial objects.
The Influence of Service Quality and Product Quality Towards Costumer Loyalty Through Customer Satisfaction at Pt Telkomcel Ermera Branch

This study aims to determine and analyze the effect of service quality and product quality on customer loyalty through customer satisfaction at PT Telkomcel Ermera Branch. The population in this study is infinite Telkomcel product customers. The number of samples in this study were 100 respondents with a sampling technique using purposive sampling. Data collection techniques using observation, questionnaires, documentation, and literature studies. The data analysis technique in this study used SMART-PLS. The results showed that service quality had a positive and significant effect on customer satisfaction, product quality had a positive and significant effect on customer satisfaction, service quality had a positive and significant effect on customer loyalty, product quality had a positive and significant effect on customer loyalty, customer satisfaction has a positive and significant effect on customer loyalty, service quality has a positive and significant effect on customer loyalty through customer satisfaction and product quality has a positive and significant effect on customer loyalty through customer satisfaction.
Dire wolf (Canis dirus) from the late Pleistocene of southern Canada (Medicine Hat, Alberta)

The dire wolf (Canis dirus) had a broad geographic range in Pleistocene North and South America. Its northernmost occurrence has been reported from late Pleistocene deposits in Medicine Hat, Alberta, representing the only record of the taxon in Canada. However, the dentary upon which these reports were based has never been described or illustrated. The Medicine Hat specimen is badly crushed and appears to be from an old individual, which precludes the observation of adult diagnostic morphological characters. Geometric morphometrics were used to test the previous identification of the Medicine Hat dentary. A landmark‐based principal component analysis and a canonical variates analysis suggests that the specimen more strongly resembles dire wolf specimens than grey wolf (Canis lupus). Identification of the Medicine Hat specimen as C. dirus supports it as the northernmost occurrence of this species in North America. However, we note the potential for allometric relationships that may confound differentiation between grey and dire wolves based on the morphology of the dentary. This study concludes by identifying future work needed in the areas of canid allometry and the biogeography of late Pleistocene North America and Beringia.
Determinants of commercial bank’s non-performing loans in Bangladesh: An empirical evidence

Abstract Non-performing loan (NPL) is a red flag, providing signal of jeopardize for a country’s economy. With respect to increase in NPLs, banking sector of Bangladesh has trapped in gridlock. This problem has become an alarming issue for bank’s sustainability. The present study investigates the determinants of commercial bank’s NPLs in Bangladesh. Due to data deficiency, the study collects data from 30 sampled commercial banks in Bangladesh over the period from 2011 to 2020, as during 2011, the total scheduled commercial banks in Bangladesh were 34. The study performs Random Effect Regression Model, Fixed Effect Regression Model, and one step GMM system to get the robust and significant result. The study reports that firm-specific factors like lag of NPLs, loan loss provision to total equity ratio, equity-to-total asset ratio, capital adequacy ratio, net loan to total deposit and borrowing ratio, return on equity, and macroeconomic factors such as inflation, and GDP ratio are the crucial determinants of NPLs in Bangladesh. The study concludes that commercial banks should operate its activities more efficiently and avoid reckless lending along with mandatory capital requirement in order to reduce NPLs and to ensure profit for their shareholders. The analysis of the study would provide insight guidelines regarding bank’s credit risk management procedures and systems to country’s regulatory body in order to design and adopt required prudential regulations in credit policy.
Energy computations for evolution of class I and II instabilities of Stokes waves

The modified Zakharov equation is used to study the coupled evolution of class I and class II instabilities of surface gravity waves on infinitely deep water. In contrast to single class (I or II) evolution, the coupled behaviour is non-periodic. Except for the very steep waves a dominance of class I modes over those of class II is observed. Energy calculations show that the Hamiltonian of the wave field considered is nearly constant. Thus the Zakharov and the modified Zakharov equations represent consistent approximations of the original water-wave problem.
Axisymmetric mixed convective MHD flow over a slender cylinder in the presence of chemically reaction

Abstract The present analysis is focused on the study of the magnetic effect on coupled heat and mass transfer by mixed convection boundary layer flow over a slender cylinder in the presence of a chemical reaction. The buoyancy effect due to thermal diffusion and species diffusion is investigated. Employing suitable similarity transformations, the governing equations are transformed into a system of coupled non-linear ordinary differential equations and are solved numerically via the implicit, iterative, second order finite difference method. The numerical results obtained are compared with the available results in the literature for some special cases and the results are found to be in excellent agreement. The velocity, temperature, and the concentration profiles are presented graphically and analyzed for several sets of the pertinent parameters. The pooled effect of the thermal and mass Grashof number is to enhance the velocity and is quite the opposite for temperature and the concentration fields.
Birth family contact from childhood to adulthood: Adjustment and adoption outcomes in adopted young adults

Experiences of contact between adopted persons and birth family members have implications for psychological adjustment of adopted persons. The current study utilizes four contact trajectory groups, spanning from middle childhood to young adulthood and encompassing three aspects of birth family contact in predicting psychological adjustment and adoption-related outcomes in adopted young adults. Data come from a longitudinal study of adoptive families in which adopted persons were domestically adopted in infancy by same-race parents in the United States. Adopted young adults in the group characterized by sustained high levels of contact and satisfaction with contact over time (“Extended Contact”) displayed lower levels of psychological distress and higher levels of psychological well-being than adopted persons in the group characterized by contact that increased over time but remained limited (“Limited Contact”). Generally, adopted persons within the group characterized by consistent lack of contact (“No Contact”) and the group characterized by contact that was initially present but ended (“Stopped Contact”) did not differ in distress and well-being from those in the “Extended Contact” group. No group differences were found on adoption dynamics and identity; however, young adults in the “Extended Contact” group generally reported more positive relationships with their birth mothers than those in the other groups. Findings are discussed in the context of heterogeneity in contact experiences and implications for policy and practice.
Effects of Sample Size on the Distribution of Selected Fit Indices: A Graphical Approach

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effects of sample size on the cumulative distribution of selected fit indices. Two models (i.e., a reduced and a complete model) and six (20, 50, 100, 200, 500, 1,000) sample sizes were used to investigate the effect on the cumulative distribution of the fit indices as sample size was varied. Generally, the comparative fit index (CFI) exhibited very stable patterns and was less influenced by sample size or data types than were other fit indices. In addition, the normed fit index performed similarly to the CFI.
The Quantum Instanton (QI) Model for Chemical Reaction Rates: The "Simplest" QI with One Dividing Surface †

A new version of the quantum instanton (QI) approach to thermal rate constants of chemical reactions (Miller, W. H.; Zhao, Y.; Ceotto, M.; Yang, S. J. Chem. Phys. 2003, 119, 1329) is presented, namely, the simplest QI (SQI) approximation with one dividing surface (DS), referred to here as SQI1. (The SQI approximation presented originally was applicable only with two DSs.) As with all versions of the QI approach, the rate is expressed wholly in terms of the (quantum) Boltzmann operator (which, for complex systems, can be evaluated by Monte Carlo path integral methods). Test calculations on some simple model problems show the SQI1 model to be slightly less accurate than the original version of the QI approach, but it is the easiest version to implement; it requires only a constrained free-energy calculation, location of the (transition-state) DS so as to maximize this free energy, and the curvature (second derivative) of the free energy at this maximum.
Grain size effect on the giant dielectric constant of CaCu3Ti4O12 nanoceramics prepared by mechanosynthesis and spark plasma sintering

In the present work, CaCu3Ti4O12 (CCTO) nanoceramics with different grain sizes were prepared by spark plasma sintering (SPS) at different temperatures (SPS-800, SPS-900, SPS-975, and SPS-1050) of the mechanosynthesized nano-powder. Structural and microstructural properties were studied by XRD and field-emission scanning electron microscope measurements. The grain size of CCTO nanoceramics increases from 80 nm to ∼200 nm for the ceramics sintered at 800 °C and 975 °C, respectively. Further increase of SPS temperature to 1050 °C leads to micro-sized ceramics of 2–3 μm. The electrical and dielectric properties of the investigated ceramics were studied by impedance spectroscopy. Giant dielectric constant was observed in CCTO nanoceramics. The dielectric constant increases with increasing the grain size of the nanoceramics with values of 8.3 × 103, 2.4 × 104, and 3.2 × 104 for SPS-800, SPS-900, and SPS-975, respectively. For the micro-sized SPS-1050 ceramics, the dielectric constant dropped to 2.14 × 104. The dielectric behavior is interpreted within the internal barrier layer capacitance picture due to the electrical inhomogeneity of the ceramics. Besides the resistive grain boundaries that are usually observed in CCTO ceramics, domain boundaries appear as a second source of internal layers in the current nanoceramics.
Analysis of Gradient Algorithms for TLS-Based

Steepest descent gradient algorithms for unbiased equation error adaptive infinite impulse response (IIR) filtering are analyzed collectively for both the total least squares and mixed least squares-total least squares framework. These algorithms have a monic normalization that allows for a direct filtering imple- mentation. We show that the algorithms converge to the desired filter coefficient vector. We achieve the convergence result by ana- lyzing the stability of the equilibrium points and demonstrate that only the desired solution is locally stable. Additionally, we describe a region of initialization under which the algorithm converges to the desired solution. We derive the results using interlacing rela- tionships between the eigenvalues of the data correlation matrices and their respective Schur complements. Finally, we illustrate the performance of these new approaches through simulation. error filtering with operation count complexity that is similar to the ubiquitous least mean square (LMS) algorithm (26). Several of the TLS or mixed LS-TLS algorithms have operation counts of ) or high (15)-(17). We additionally desire algorithms that provide a direct filtering implementation, i.e., the filter calculation provides a parameter estimate that does not require additional scaling prior to application, unlike the unit-norm algorithms that require a post-calculation monic normalization (18)-(20). Much work (21), (23)-(25) has recently been published to propose stable, simple LMS-like algorithms for equation error filtering. The algorithms of (23) and (24) consider only the TLS scenario, whereas the algorithm of (25) only considers the mixed LS-TLS scenario. Furthermore, the algorithm of (21) fails to be stable (22), whereas none of the algorithms presented in (23)-(25) demonstrate a complete stability proof. In this paper, we present an complexity algorithm for unbiased equation error filtering based on the TLS or mixed LS-TLS methodology for which we establish stable adaptation behavior. Our algorithm is based on a gradient descent of a cost function known to give unbiased results in either the TLS or mixed LS-TLS scenario, depending on a suitably chosen diag- onal weighting matrix. Additionally, we impose a monic nor- malization on the update that is key to ensuring stability in the adaptation process. We explore the algorithm's stability by cal- culating the performance in the neighborhood of the equilibrium points. We also demonstrate guaranteed convergence to the de- sired solution given proper initialization of the parameter vector and a sufficiently small constant update gain factor. We derive the results using interlacing relationships between the eigen- values of the data correlation matrices and their respective Schur complements.
Growth Performance, Feed Utilisation, Endogenous Digestive Enzymes, Intestinal Morphology, and Antimicrobial Effect of Pacific White Shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) Fed with Feed Supplemented with Pineapple Waste Crude Extract as a Functional Feed Additive

This study used pineapple waste crude extract (PWCE) to increase the potential of Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) production for food sustainability and stability. The objective was to investigate the appropriate technique to increase the yield production and quality of shrimp and decrease waste from shrimp culture. Pacific white shrimp (average body size: 0.51 g) were fed with commercial feed supplemented with PWCE at various concentrations of 0 (control), 90, 170, and 250 ppt. Shrimp were fed five times per day for 80 days. At the end of the trial, the results showed that shrimp fed with the PWCE 250 ppt supplementation provided the highest growth rate and the best feed utilisation and yield (P < 0.05). The protein content of whole shrimp in all shrimp fed with the PWCE supplementation diet was higher than that in the control group (P < 0.05). On the contrary, the variation of endogenous digestive enzymes, including protease, trypsin, and the T/C ratio, was significantly lower in shrimp fed a diet supplemented with PWCE 250 ppt (P < 0.05). While in this group, the number of microorganisms on thiosulfate-citrate-bile salt-sucrose (TCBS), blood agar, and trypticase soy agar (TSA) was lowest (P < 0.05). Furthermore, the dietary PWCE at 250 ppt increased the volume of microvilli in the hindgut of shrimp, but the supplementation at 170 ppt improved the number of F-cells in the epithelial cells of the hepatopancreas. Nevertheless, the supplementation of PWCE in the diet did not affect the water quality (P > 0.05). Therefore, pineapple waste crude extract supplementation improves both quantitative and qualitative yields and tends to reduce waste.