Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Turning a Curse into a Blessing: Enabling In-Distribution-Data-Free Backdoor Removal via Stabilized Model Inversion

Many backdoor removal techniques in machine learning models require clean in-distribution data, which may not always be available due to proprietary datasets. Model inversion techniques, often considered privacy threats, can reconstruct realistic training samples, potentially eliminating the need for in-distribution data. Prior attempts to combine backdoor removal and model inversion yielded limited results. Our work is the first to provide a thorough understanding of leveraging model inversion for effective backdoor removal by addressing key questions about reconstructed samples' properties, perceptual similarity, and the potential presence of backdoor triggers. We establish that relying solely on perceptual similarity is insufficient for robust defenses, and the stability of model predictions in response to input and parameter perturbations is also crucial. To tackle this, we introduce a novel bi-level optimization-based framework for model inversion, promoting stability and visual quality. Interestingly, we discover that reconstructed samples from a pre-trained generator's latent space are backdoor-free, even when utilizing signals from a backdoored model. We provide a theoretical analysis to support this finding. Our evaluation demonstrates that our stabilized model inversion technique achieves state-of-the-art backdoor removal performance without clean in-distribution data, matching or surpassing performance using the same amount of clean samples.
Effect of inter and intra row spacings on yield of mustard

An experiment was conducted to study the effect of inter and intra row spacings on yield of mustard during 1993–94 to 1996–97. Grain yield was significantly highest when crop sown at 45 cm inter row spacing and 15 cm intra row spacing in all the individual years and in pooled results except in pooled results it was at par with 60 and 75 cm row spacings. Gross and net return was also higher in 45 cm row spacing and 15 cm plant to plant spacing. Interaction effect between inter and intra row spacing found significant and produced highest grain yield in 45 cm x 15 cm spacing.
Experimental study of steady and unsteady free surface flows with water-clay mixtures

The steady and unsteady free-surface flow of hyperconcentrated water-kaolinite clay mixtures is analysed experimentally. These mixtures exhibit non-Newtonian behaviour if volumetric concentrations of solid particles exceed about 10%. The viscosity-concentration correlations, determined by rotary viscometer, indicate that the Bingham model can be used to describe such fluids. Using the rheological parameters of this model, the water-clay laminar flow friction factors can be determined either by calculating the Reynolds and Hedstrom numbers, or by applying the concept of the extended Reynolds number. A quantitative analysis of the unsteady dam-break type of the free-surface flow is presented, giving a comparison of flow depth profiles and propagation rates between the investigated mixtures and water.
Varying functional representations of a crisp discrete function under fuzzy environment to coin new siso algorithms with application to time series modeling

Abstract One of the main categories of fuzzy reasoning mechanisms for a single-input single-output (SISO) fuzzy system based on linguistically described model is the category of composition based algorithms. The main ingredients of a composition based SISO algorithm consist of two parts: a system relation matrix (representing the structure information of a fuzzy system) and a compositional rule of inference (to obtain the corresponding output for the crisp or fuzzy value of an input variable). In literature, there are various composition based algorithms based on a fuzzy-logic-based approach via different versions of the theory of approximate reasoning (AR) since it is initiated by Zadeh in 1979. In this article, we provide an alternate approach to construct composition based SISO algorithms by viewing the collection of the (antecedent part, consequent part) of IF-THEN rules of a fuzzy system as a class of weighted information and using weighted t-norm and weighted t-conorm operations to aggregate such weighted information to build its system relation matrix instead of the usual AR approach. The novelty of our approach is that not only the construction of the system relation matrix but also the process of composition can be executed in a similar way. To justify our approach, we examine various functional representations of a crisp discrete function under fuzzy environment and using them as patterns to coin four classes of composition based SISO algorithms, in which, two classes are of new type while the other two classes rediscover the well-known Mandani-type and Zadeh's logic-type algorithms. Then, as an application, in the latter part of this article, we provide a generalization of the time series modeling proposed by Štĕpnička et al. in which, they suggested using the fuzzy transform method to estimate the trend-cyclic component of a time series. To accomplish this, we will show that, under the contexts of this article, we may view the (discrete) fuzzy transform (and the corresponding inverse fuzzy transform) of a time series as a composition of specific SISO algorithms and hence, the time series modeling proposed by Štĕpnička et al. may be extended via suitable techniques of SISO algorithms.
Multi‐institutional experience with COVID‐19 convalescent plasma in children

Convalescent COVID‐19 plasma (CCP) was developed and used worldwide as a treatment option by supplying passive immunity. Adult studies suggest administering high‐titer CCP early in the disease course of patients who are expected to be antibody‐negative; however, pediatric experience is limited. We created a multi‐institutional registry to characterize pediatric patients (<18 years) who received CCP and to assess the safety of this intervention.
Training Quality-What Is It and How Can We Improve It?

PURPOSE The concept of training quality reflects that the effect of training is dependent on more than the mere product of training load (eg, duration, intensity, frequency). The aims of this commentary are to (1) propose a practice-oriented framework to describe training quality and its general and context-dependent characteristics and (2) discuss how athletes and coaches can work to improve training quality. CONCLUSIONS Training quality can be viewed from different perspectives. The holistic dimension includes the entire training process (goal setting, gap analysis, application of training principles and methods, etc), while a narrower dimension encompasses the specific training sessions and how they are executed in relation to the intended purpose. To capture the varying contexts, we define training quality as the degree of excellence related to how the training process or training sessions are executed to optimize adaptations and, thereby, improve overall performance. Although training quality is challenging to quantify, we argue that identification and assessment of quality indicators will increase our scientific understanding and consequently help coaches and athletes to improve training quality. We propose that the physical, technical, and psychological factors of training quality can be improved through an individualized learning process of systematic planning, execution, and debriefing. However, assessment tools should be identified and scientifically validated across different training sessions and sports. We encourage further interventions to improve training quality.
How to prevent human papillomavirus-related oropharyngeal cancer?

Purpose of review Human papillomavirus (HPV) is responsible of the increasing incidence rates of oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) in high-income countries. This significant epidemiological change requires several and diverse prevention strategies. Recent findings The cervical cancer prevention model is the paradigm of HPV-related cancer, and its success provides encouragement for the development of similar methods to prevent HPV-related OPSCC. However, there are some limitations that hinder its application in this disease. Here, we review the primary, secondary and tertiary prevention of HPV-related OPSCC and discuss some directions for future research. Summary The development of new and targeted strategies to prevent HPV-related OPSCC is needed since they could definitely have a direct impact on the reduction of morbidity and mortality of this disease.
Iloprost for the treatment of frostbite: a scoping review

ABSTRACT We performed a scoping review to identify the extent of the literature describing the use of iloprost in the treatment of frostbite. Iloprost is a stable synthetic analog of prostaglandin I2. As a potent inhibitor of platelet aggregation and vasodilator, it has been used to address the post-rewarming reperfusion injury in frostbite. The search using iloprost and frostbite as key words and MeSH terms yielded 200 articles. We included in our review the literature examining iloprost for the treatment of frostbite in humans in the form of primary research, conference proceedings and abstracts. Twenty studies published from 1994 to 2022 were selected for analysis. The majority were retrospective case series consisting of a homogeneous population of mountain sport enthusiasts. A total of 254 patients and over 1000 frostbitten digits were included among the 20 studies. The larger case series demonstrated a decrease in amputation rates relative to untreated patients. Primary gaps in the literature include a paucity of randomised trials and relatively limited study populations to date. While the case evidence is promising, a multi-centre collaboration would be crucial to adequately power prospective randomised studies to definitively determine if iloprost has a role in the treatment of frostbite.
Regional management of worsening heart failure: rationale and design of the CHAIN‐HF registry

Heart failure (HF) is a progressive disease in which periods of clinical stability are interrupted by episodes of clinical deterioration known as worsening heart failure (WHF). Patients who develop WHF are at high risk of subsequent death, rehospitalization, and excessive healthcare costs. As such, WHF could be seen as a separate disease stage and precursor of advanced HF. Whether WHF has a substantial health, societal, and economic impact evidence regarding its multifactorial nature and the specific barriers in treatment, including advanced HF therapies, remains scarce. The CHAIN‐HF registry aims to describe the incidence, characteristics, current treatment, and outcomes of WHF. Additionally, it will promote structured regional collaboration and educate on increasing awareness for WHF and describe the implementation of guideline directed medical therapy and utilization of advanced HF therapies in a collaborative network.
An improved reference of the grapevine genome reasserts the origin of the PN40024 highly homozygous genotype

Abstract The genome sequence of the diploid and highly homozygous Vitis vinifera genotype PN40024 serves as the reference for many grapevine studies. Despite several improvements to the PN40024 genome assembly, its current version PN12X.v2 is quite fragmented and only represents the haploid state of the genome with mixed haplotypes. In fact, being nearly homozygous, this genome contains several heterozygous regions that are yet to be resolved. Taking the opportunity of improvements that long-read sequencing technologies offer to fully discriminate haplotype sequences, an improved version of the reference, called PN40024.v4, was generated. Through incorporating long genomic sequencing reads to the assembly, the continuity of the 12X.v2 scaffolds was highly increased with a total number decreasing from 2,059 to 640 and a reduction in N bases of 88%. Additionally, the full alternative haplotype sequence was built for the first time, the chromosome anchoring was improved and the number of unplaced scaffolds was reduced by half. To obtain a high-quality gene annotation that outperforms previous versions, a liftover approach was complemented with an optimized annotation workflow for Vitis. Integration of the gene reference catalogue and its manual curation have also assisted in improving the annotation, while defining the most reliable estimation of 35,230 genes to date. Finally, we demonstrated that PN40024 resulted from 9 selfings of cv. “Helfensteiner” (cross of cv. “Pinot noir” and “Schiava grossa”) instead of a single “Pinot noir”. These advances will help maintain the PN40024 genome as a gold-standard reference, also contributing toward the eventual elaboration of the grapevine pangenome.
THE SPECTRAL SHIFT FUNCTION FOR A DISSIPATIVE AND A SELFADJOINT OPERATOR, AND TRACE FORMULAS FOR RESONANCES

A trace formula is given for an abstract pair consisting of a dissipative operator and a selfadjoint operator, and a connection is established between the spectral shift function of this pair and the corresponding scattering matrix. As a consequence, trace formulas are obtained for a specific dissipative operator arising in the problem of resonance scattering of plane waves on a one-dimensional semi-infinite crystal.Bibliography: 8 titles.
The physics program at the Kielce EBIS-A facility

The status of the new EBIS-A irradiation facility constructed by the Dreebit GmbH company, Dresden, for the new laboratory at the Jan Kochanowski University (JKU) in Kielce designed for the studies of ion-matter interactions is presented. The facility will be used for the interdisciplinary studies involving atoms, molecules, plasmas, surfaces and cells by taking an advantage of low-energy highly charged ions (HCI) and x-ray spectroscopy techniques. The EBIS-A facility, consisting of an EBIT-type ion source, beam guiding and diagnostic system, double focusing analyzing magnet and multipurpose target chamber, offers new opportunities for performing the experiments on slow, highly charged ions colliding with matter, including such different phenomena as formation of nanostructures in ion-surface interactions, recombination processes in plasma, fragmentation of biomolecules by ion and electron impact and the radiobiological effects in living cells. In this paper a concept of the EBIT/X-ray laboratory, construction details of the EBIS-A facility, the physics program, based on our former experimental activities in the atomic and molecular collisions, and application of x-ray spectroscopy in materials science are discussed.
The combined effect of motivational interviewing and wearable fitness trackers on motivation and physical activity in inactive adults: A randomized controlled trial

ABSTRACT Despite overwhelming adoption of wearable fitness trackers (WFT), it is unclear if they affect physical activity (PA) engagement or PA motivation. We hypothesized that combining a WFT with an effective intervention, motivational interviewing (MI), would positively influence both motivation and PA. A 12-week randomized controlled trial was conducted in 40 adults who did not meet PA recommendations. The four conditions were: a PA education (Educational control, n = 10), a WFT (WFT, n = 10), bi-weekly MI sessions (MI, n = 10), or both interventions (WFT+, n = 10). Motivation and PA were measured through an online survey and actigraphy pre- and post-intervention. Both the WFT+ and MI groups improved autonomous forms and decreased controlled forms of motivation. They also had higher basic psychological needs scores when compared to the Education group post-intervention. We detected no changes in PA. High autonomous motivation at baseline predicted higher post-intervention PA in the WFT+ group but predicted lower post-intervention PA in the WFT group. Results suggests that MI alone or with a WFT can improve basic psychological needs and autonomous forms of motivation for PA, but not PA participation. Individual differences in motivation at baseline may moderate the effect of a WFT on PA. This study was registered at clinicaltrials.gov (NCT490014).
Window-of-opportunity clinical trials for biomarker discovery in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma

Purpose of review We review the window-of-opportunity clinical trials that have been reported in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), and discuss their challenges. Recent findings Limited treatment options exist in HNSCC. Cetuximab, an mAb targeting epidermal growth factor receptor, and the PD-1 inhibitors nivolumab and pembrolizumab, are the only drugs that improved overall survival in the recurrent and/or metastatic setting. Both cetuximab and nivolumab improve overall survival by less than 3 months, potentially because of the lack of predictive biomarkers. The only validated predictive biomarker to date is protein ligand PD-L1 expression that predicts the efficacy of pembrolizumab in first-line, nonplatinum refractory recurrent and/or metastatic HNSCC. The identification of biomarkers of efficacy of new drugs is key to avoid administering toxic drugs to patients who will not benefit from them, and to expect increased drug efficacy in the biomarker-positive group of patients. One way of identifying such biomarkers are the window-of-opportunity trials in which drugs are given for a short period of time before the definitive treatment, with the aim to collect samples for translational research. These trials differ from neoadjuvant strategies where efficacy is the primary endpoint. Summary We show that these trials were safe and successful in identifying biomarkers.
Acute chest syndrome in adult patients with sickle cell disease: The relationship with the time to onset after hospital admission

Data on acute chest syndrome (ACS) in adult sickle cell disease patients are scarce. In this study, we describe 105 consecutive ACS episodes in 81 adult patients during a 32‐month period and compare the characteristics as a function of the time to onset after hospital admission for a vaso‐occlusive crisis (VOC), that is early‐onset episodes (time to onset ≤24 h, 42%) versus secondary episodes (>24 h, 58%; median [interquartile range] time to onset: 2 [2–3] days). The median age was 27 [22–34] years, 89% of the patients had an S/S or S/β0‐thalassaemia genotype; 81% of the patients had a history of ACS (median: 3 [2–5] per patient), only 61% were taking a disease‐modifying treatment at the time of the ACS. Fever and chest pain were noted in respectively 54% and 73% of the episodes. Crackles (64%) and bronchial breathing (32%) were the main abnormal auscultatory findings. A positive microbiological test was found for 20% of episodes. Fifty percent of the episodes required a blood transfusion; ICU transfer and mortality rates were respectively 29% and 1%. Secondary and early‐onset forms of ACS did not differ significantly. Disease‐modifying treatments should be revaluated after each ACS episode because the recurrence rate is high.
Optimization of the molecular diagnosis of the acute hepatitis E virus infection

To evaluate the diagnostic value of the combination of two broad‐range PCR assays targeting two different and conserved regions of the viral genome for the diagnosis of acute Hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection. Patients with acute hepatitis were prospectively recruited. In all, HEV‐IgM antibodies were tested together with evaluation of HEV viraemia by two PCR assays (ORF3 and ORF1). The number of individuals exhibiting negative IgM antibody results but carrying viral RNA was calculated by each PCR assay. Four‐hundred and seventy individuals were included, of whom 145 (30.8%) were diagnosed as having acute HEV. Of them, 122 (84.1%) exhibited HEV‐IgM antibodies, and 81 (55.8%) had detectable viral RNA for at least one PCR. Using the ORF3 molecular assay, 70 (48.3%) individuals were identified with HEV infection. When the ORF1 molecular assay was applied, 49 (33.8%) individuals were identified. The ORF3 assay detected viral RNA in 32 patients not detected by the ORF1 assay. In contrast, the ORF1 assay could amplify viral RNA in 11 patients who were not detected by the ORF3 assay. The parallel use of two broad‐range PCR assays significantly increased the performance of the molecular diagnosis of HEV.
Untangling TMS‐EEG responses caused by TMS versus sensory input using optimized sham control and GABAergic challenge

The combination of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and electroencephalography (EEG) elegantly probes the excitability and connectivity of the human brain. However, TMS‐EEG signals inevitably also contain sensory‐evoked responses caused by TMS‐associated auditory and somatosensory inputs, constituting a substantial confounding factor. Here we applied our recently established optimized SHAM protocol (Gordon et al., Neuroimage 2021:118708) to disentangle TMS‐EEG responses caused by TMS vs. sensory input. One unresolved question is whether these responses superimpose without relevant interaction, a requirement for their disaggregation by the optimized SHAM approach. We applied in 20 healthy subjects a pharmacological intervention using a single oral dose of 20 mg of diazepam, a positive modulator of GABAA receptors. Diazepam decreased the amplitudes of the P60 and P150 components specifically in the ACTIVE TMS and/or the ACTIVE TMS minus SHAM conditions but not in the SHAM condition, pointing to a response caused by TMS. In contrast, diazepam suppressed the amplitude of the N100 component indiscriminately in the ACTIVE TMS and SHAM conditions but not in the ACTIVE TMS minus SHAM condition, pointing to a response caused by sensory input. Moreover, diazepam suppressed the beta‐band response observed in the motor cortex specifically after ACTIVE TMS and ACTIVE TMS minus SHAM. These findings demonstrate a lack of interaction of TMS‐EEG responses caused by TMS vs. sensory input and validate optimized SHAM‐controlled TMS‐EEG as an appropriate approach to untangle these TMS‐EEG responses. This knowledge will enable the proficient use of TMS‐EEG to probe the physiology of the human cortex.
VARIEDADES DE SOJA DIFEREM NA VELOCIDADE E CAPACIDADE DE ABSORVER ÁGUA

The seeds resume the metabolic process by imbibition, which supplies the necessity of water and promote the beginning of germination. The present study, performed at the Faculdade de Agronomia of Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, in the 1993 year, was undertaken to evaluate the behavior of soybean cultivars in relation to maximum capacity and velocity of water absorption, measured in hourly intervals, for eight consecutive hours, in total imbibition in water. Seeds of 17 cultivars with diameter larger than 6.3 mm and with absence of cracks when observed with binocular in the seed coat were utilized. The cultivar RS 6 Guassupi showed the highest velocity and capacity of water absorption. FT Abyara and Bragg showed the smallest velocity and capacity of water absorption in the first hours of imbibition, but in the last hours RS 7 Jacui was the one which presented the smallest water absorption capacity. The conclusion from this study is that the cultivars tested have some distinct caracteristic that allowed for the diferences in the water imbibition velocity and total capacity of water absorption that was not detected in this research.