Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Impact of rail impedance intrinsic variability on railway system operation, EMC and safety

Running rails in electrified transportation systems are the interface element for several phenomena related to system performance, electromagnetic compatibility and safety: useful voltage at rolling stock, short circuit current, induced voltage, stray current, and track circuit operation. This work presents the physical and mathematical groundings of rail electrical parameters (dc and ac resistance, ac internal and external inductance) and experimental results available in the literature, discussing variability and reliability for each interface. The results consist thus of the identification of the relevant rails longitudinal electrical parameters, the presentation of a set of reliable experimental values, and the discussion of the best approach to manage their variability and uncertainty.
Sodium hydrosulfide modifies the nutrient ratios of soybean (Glycine max) under iron deficiency

Iron (Fe) deficiency in calcareous soils is a major limiting factor which influences production and yield of field crops. The present study investigated the effect of NaHS, a donor of H2S, which is emerging as a potential signaling molecule, on the nutrient ratios of soybean (Glycine max L.) under Fe deficiency. Soybean seedlings with and without NaHS were subjected to Fe deficiency and Fe sufficiency for 18 d. Subsequently, we determined the biomass of seedlings, chlorophyll concentration, Fe concentration, as well as the ratios of carbon (C), nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K). The growth of soybean seedlings was inhibited by Fe deficiency. However, under Fe deficiency the application of NaHS increased the biomass as well as the Fe, N, P, and K concentrations compared to the controls. Furthermore, our results also show that the application of NaHS affected the ratios of C : N, C : P, C : K, N : P, N : K, and P : K in soybean seedlings under Fe deficiency and sufficiency. H2S played an important role in promoting the growth of soybean seedlings by enhancing the accumulation of nutrients under Fe deficiency.
Diel vertical migration and central place foraging in benthic predators

Diel vertical migration (DVM) is a widespread behaviour among many pelagic species, from zooplankton to sharks and has been widely studied in both marine and freshwater environments. Usually, DVM comprises repeated daily vertical movements through the water column, from shallower at night to deeper during the day. Consequently, DVM is perhaps unexpected in benthic predators. Nonetheless, DVM has been observed in benthic sharks and freshwater teleosts, where it comprises inshore-offshore migrations over the substrate. However, there is no clear evidence of this behaviour in large temperate benthic predators, such as skates. Here we present new observations of DVM in 4 species of skate (Raja brachyura, R. clavata, R. microocellata and R. montagui) that identify it as a general behaviour in this clade. Analysis of 89 depth recording archival tags yielded 674 clear DVM events where skates left daytime deeper waters for shallower nighttime areas before returning to within 2.5 m of starting depths. Interestingly, these events closely resemble those of central place foragers, where shallow areas are foraging and deeper areas are refuging locations. Behaviour such as this has not been previously recorded in marine benthic predators, and the findings suggest that DVM might occur in many other benthic species. A broader understanding of DVM in benthic animals will be important in the design of effective boundaries for marine protected areas. These findings also have implications for trophic coupling between deep and shallow benthic zones. Further characteristics of this unexpected behaviour are presented and hypotheses for its occurrence are discussed.
Descriptive Prevalence of Gastrointestinal Parasites in Goats from Small Farms in Bangkok and Vicinity and the Associated Risk Factors

The objectives of this preliminary study were to assess the prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites in goats from sixteen (n=16) selected small farms around Bangkok and vicinity, and in addition, to provide the infection characterization based on parasite egg’s morphology in this central region of Thailand. A total of 185 goats (dairy and meat) aged between 6 to 30 months were involved in this study. Fresh fecal samples were collected directly from goats’ rectum during the sampling period from September to October 2014. Fecal samples were examined for eggs and cysts of parasites Original Research Article Azrul et al.; ARRB, 16(2): 1-7, 2017; Article no.ARRB. 34932 2 byfloatation method with saturated salt solution and counted by Modified McMaster technique. Total flock prevalence for this sampling area was 100% with 68.65% individual prevalence. From total animal, 29.73% were involved with mixed infection and 28.65% and 10.27% were infected with single type of parasites; helminth and protozoa, respectively. The prevalence according to the species based on egg’s morphology were; nematodes including strongyles group (52.43%) and Strongyloides papillosus (16.76%), cestodes including Moniezia expansa (5.41%) and protozoa including Giardia spp. cyst (5.95%), Entamoeba spp. cyst (24.32%) and unsporulated coccidian oocyst, Eimeria spp. (41.08%). The present study has confirmed the infection of gastrointestinal parasites in Bangkok and vicinity with strongyle group as a dominant species. There were also two significant risk factors related to infection; goats’ gender and type of goat reared in farms (P<0.05).
Motor Responses Influence Perceptual Awareness Judgements

Perception and action are tightly related, but what is the relation between perceptual awareness and action? In this study we tested the hypothesis that motor response influences perceptual awareness judgements. We design a procedure in which participants were asked to decide whether Gabor grating was oriented towards the left or the right. Presentation of the stimuli was immediately followed by a cue requiring motor response that was irrelevant to the task but could be the same, opposite or neutral to the correct response to the Gabor patch. After responding to the cue participants were asked to rate their stimulus awareness using Perceptual Awareness Scale and then to report their discrimination decision. The results showed that participants reported a higher level of stimulus awareness after carrying out responses that were either congruent or incongruent with a response required by a stimulus, compared to the neutral condition. The results suggest that directional motor response (congruent or incongruent with correct response to the stimulus) provides information about the decision process and its outcome increasing reported awareness of a stimulus.
Clinical features of 64 patients (outside Hubei) with COVID-19 in Wenzhou, China

J Thorac Dis 2020;12(10):6127-6131 | http://dx.doi. org/10.21037/jtd-20-1861 Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) (1). Given its rapid spread worldwide, the epidemiological and clinical features of COVID-19 mandate further clarification. According to previous Wuhan-based studies, which respectively included 41 (2), 99 (3) and 52 (4) laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 patients, SARS-CoV-2 mimicked severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus in terms of severity and high mortality, however, a subsequent study conducted on 13-cases in Beijing demonstrated that all patients were mildly infected (5). Results of these studies varied greatly and were contradictory, therefore, we collected the data from 64 patients admitted to Oujiangkou Branch, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, aiming to describe the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of COVID-19 patients in Wenzhou city which, although far away from Hubei Province, is the most-affected area in China outside Hubei. For this retrospective study, 64 laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 patients, admitted from Feb 6, to Feb 11, 2020 in above mentioned hospital were recruited. Confirmation of SARS-CoV-2 was done by real-time RT-PCR assay of sputum, throat-swab specimen. Patients were categorized into 3 groups, uncomplicated illness, mild-pneumonia and sever-pneumonia respectively, according to the severity defined by World Health Organization interim guidance (6). Epidemiological, demographic, clinical, laboratory and radiological data were extracted from medical records of patients. CT score was obtained by synthesizing the grading of range and density of the exudative lesion, following protocol from a previous study (7). Present study was approved by the Ethics Committee of above-mentioned Hospitals of Wenzhou Medical University (L-2020-13), along with a waiver of informed consent. Of all the 64 cases, 38 (59.4%) were male. Median age was 48.5 years (range, 10–77). Fever (71.9%) and cough (64.1%) were the most common symptoms, whereas nausea/vomiting (3.1%), abdominal pain/diarrhea (10.9%), and conjunctival congestion (1.6%) were rare (Table 1). A 5th-generation case was found in the study (Figure 1A). Patient 1 (Generation 2), who had never contacted with wildlife or Huanan Seafood Market, transmitted the SARSCoV-2 to Patient 2 (Generation 3) during his visit. The latter transmitted the virus to his family members (Patient 3 & 4, Generation 4). Finally, the virus reached to hairstylist (Patient 5, Generation 5) when he repeatedly contacted with one of the family members and got laboratory-confirmed Letter to the Editor
Numerical investigation of flow structures resulting from the interaction between an oblique detonation wave and an upper expansion corner

Abstract Wedge-induced oblique detonation waves (ODWs) have been studied widely, but their interactions with complicated geometries have not been fully addressed. In this study, we investigate ODW interaction with a deflected upper corner due to confinement change upstream of the ODW. Numerical simulations are conducted using the reactive Euler equations with a two-step induction–reaction kinetic model. Two ODWs without the upper wall deflection are first simulated to resolve the basic structures with inflow Mach numbers $M_0 = 6$ and 7. Thereafter, we introduce a deflected upper confinement, resulting in a new wave configuration. This wave is characterized by a post-turning, triangular recirculation zone coupled with a gaseous wedge connecting the deflection point and ODW surface. A parametric study is performed to analyse the effects of the deflection location, deflection angle and activation energy of the heat release reaction. The results reveal that the wave configuration is due to the evolution of ODW decoupling in an expanded supersonic flow. We further study the surface stability and structural unsteadiness arising for $M_0 = 6$. Upstream-travelling transverse waves are observed for the first time, and effects of different parameters on the surface instability are analysed via fast Fourier transforms. Two destabilizing mechanisms of ODW structures are proposed, one from the post-surface thermal choking and the other from the enhanced surface instability.
THE ROYAL CEMETERY AT UR DURING THE SECOND HALF OF THE THIRD MILLENNIUM B.C.: POTTERY ANALYSIS THROUGH THE USE OF ARCHIVAL DATA, A CASE STUDY

The Royal Cemetery at Ur, with its almost two thousand graves, is one of the most impressive archaeological settings in southern Mesopotamia. Although most of the graves have been assigned to the Early Dynastic Period, more than three hundred graves have been dated to a timeframe from the Late Akkadian Period to the end of the third millennium B.C. However, the precise dating of many of these graves is under debate because stratigraphic data are often lacking, and the material culture used for dating has mainly been cylinder seals and other small finds. Due to the poor quality of the data published by Woolley, pottery has rarely been used to establish chronological determinants that could be useful in dating the graves. Thanks to the Ur Digitization Project, the field records from the Ur excavations are now available online. Among them are the Field Notes, which often contain pottery drawings, reproduced to scale. This paper re-analyses some of the graves in the Royal Cemetery at Ur that have been dated to the final part of the third millennium B.C. This analysis is based on a typological approach to the pottery assemblages that allows revised chronological determinants for dating selected grave contexts.
The Impact of BASEL Accords on the Management of Vietnamese Commercial Banks

This paper is an attempt to empirically examine the impact of Basel Accord regulatory guidelines on the risk-based capital adequacy regulation and bank risk management of Vietnamese commercial banks. Our research aims to assess how Vietnamese commercial banks manage their capital ratio and bank risk under the latest Basel Accord capital adequacy ratio requirements. Building on previous studies, this research uses a simultaneous equation modeling (SiEM) with three-stage least squares regression (3SLS) to analyze the endogenous relationship between risk-based capital adequacy standards and bank risk management. A year dummy variable (dy2013) is included in the model to take account of changes in the regulation of the Vietnamese banking system. Furthermore, we add a value-at-risk variable developed by as an independent variable into equations of the empirical models. The results reveal a significant impact of Basel capital adequacy regulatory pressure on the risk-based capital adequacy standards and bank risk management of Vietnamese commercial banks. Moreover, banks under the latest Basel capital adequacy regulations are induced to reduce risks and increase banks’ financial performance.
Callus Induction and Indirect Regeneration of Strawberry (Fragaria × Ananassa) Duch. CV. Chandler

“Fragaria” belongs to family Rosaceae, is a genus of the perennial, creeping herbs, found growing in the wild in different climatic zones of the world (1). The cultivated strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.) is a monoecious octaploid hybrid of two largely dioecious octaploid species, Fragaria chiloensis Duch. and Fragaria virginiana Duch. (2, 3, 4). It contains vitamin A, vitamin E and health promoting flavonoid polyphenolic antioxidants such as lutein, zeaxanthin, and beta-carotene in small amounts. These compounds act as protective scavengers against oxygen-derived free radicals and reactive oxygen species (ROS) that play a role in aging and various disease International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 6 Number 11 (2017) pp. 1311-1318 Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas. com
A morphological and molecular study of Psilops , a replacement name for the Brazilian microteiid lizard genus Psilophthalmus Rodrigues 1991 (Squamata, Gymnophthalmidae), with the description of two new species

The lizard genus Psilophthalmus was originally described from the sandy deposits at the northern end of Serra do Espinhaco, in Santo Inacio, state of Bahia, but since then it has been recorded in other Brazilian localities of the states of Bahia, Minas Gerais, and Sergipe. Here, we review the collected specimens based on molecular markers (mitochondrial 12S, 16S, ND4 and cyt b , and nuclear C- mos and NT3) and morphological evidence (external, hemipenial and osteological morphologies). In the course of our revision we find out that Psilophthalmus Rodrigues 1991 was preoccupied by Psilophthalmus Szepligeti 1902 (Hymenoptera, Braconidae). The replacement name Psilops is proposed for the genus for which we recognize three species, with Psilops paeminosus as type species. One of the new species is found along the high elevation areas of the Chapada Diamantina plateaus, state of Bahia, while the other occurs in the cerrados of “Serra Geral”, in the occidental plateaus of that state. Psilops paeminosus comprises three distinct allopatric clades that, based on current evidence, cannot be diagnosed morphologically: one from the vicinities of the type locality, one from the lower Sao Francisco River, and a third from the uplands of Minas Gerais and southern inland Bahia. We keep the latter two as candidate species but defer their formal description until further evidence allows robust diagnosis. Derived clades of Psilops with shorter limbs have invaded hotter and drier environments, while mostly used sandy soils along their evolution.
Infant and Adult Brains Are Coupled to the Dynamics of Natural Communication

Infancy is the foundational period for learning from adults, and the dynamics of the social environment have long been considered central to children’s development. Here, we reveal a novel, naturalistic approach for studying live interactions between infants and adults. Using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS), we simultaneously and continuously measured the brains of infants (N = 18; 9–15 months of age) and an adult while they communicated and played with each other. We found that time-locked neural coupling within dyads was significantly greater when dyad members interacted with each other than with control individuals. In addition, we characterized the dynamic relationship between neural activation and the moment-to-moment fluctuations of mutual gaze, joint attention to objects, infant emotion, and adult speech prosody. This investigation advances what is currently known about how the brains and behaviors of infants both shape and reflect those of adults during real-life communication.
Ammonia volatilization from composting with oxidized biochar.

Animal manure, agricultural residues, and other sources of biomass can be diverted from the waste stream and composted into valuable fertilizer. However, composting often results in substantial N loss through NH3 gas volatilization. We investigated biochar's capacity to improve NH3 -N retention during composting of poultry manure and straw. After 7 wk, total N loss from composting with unoxidized biochar was twofold and sixfold higher than N loss from composting with oxidized biochar and without biochar (307, 142, and 51 mg N g-1 N in the initial compost feedstocks, respectively). When cumulative NH3 -N loss was calculated relative to CO2 -C loss to account for differences in microbial activity, NH3 -N/CO2 -C loss from compost with oxidized biochar was 55% lower than from compost with unoxidized biochar (82% lower based on mass balance). Oxidized biochar particles removed from compost after 7 wk retained 16.0 mg N g-1 biochar, compared with only 6.1 mg N g-1 retained by unoxidized biochar, suggesting that N retention by biochar particles provides a mechanism for reduced NH3 -N loss. These data show that oxidized biochar enhanced microbial activity, doubled composting rate, and reduced NH3 -N loss compared with unoxidized biochar and that biochar's physiochemical characteristics modulate its performance in compost. In particular, the presence of oxidized surface functional groups, which can be increased artificially or through environmental weathering, appear to play an important role in key compost processes. This has implications for other natural and managed systems where pyrogenic organic matter may mediate biological activity and nutrient cycles.
Exploring the dynamic changes of key concepts of the Hungarian socialist era with natural language processing methods

Abstract The analysis of social discourses from the perspective of historical changes deserves special attention. Such a study could play a key role in revealing social changes and latent narrative of those in power; and understanding the underlying social dynamic in a given period. Until the recent years, such issues were analyzed mainly in a qualitative approach. In our paper we present a new way of revealing/discovering and interpreting social discourses using an advanced NLP method called word embedding. Based on word similarities we can understand the main structural frames of a given system and using a dynamic approach we can reveal the social changes in a historical period. In our study we created a large corpus from the Hungarian “Pártélet” journal (1956–89). This was the official journal of the governing party, hence it represents not just a media discourse of the era, but the official discourse of the government, too. One of the main focal points of our research is to study the evolution of the semantic content of some of the concepts related to the topics of agriculture and industry, which are two central notions of the examined era.
02. Review: Skeletochronological assessment of demographic life-history traits in amphibians

A long-standing challenge for amphibian population ecologists is the reliable estimation of age in individuals without known recapture history. The development and widespread application of skeletochronology seems to have solved the issue, although studies evaluating the precision and reliability of age estimates are rare and controversial. Skeletochronology attempts to relate the number of dense hematoxylinophilic narrow growth marks (Lines of Arrested Growth, LAGs) separated by faintly stained broad growth zones in the round bones of Anura and Caudata with age. In this review, I briefly summarise the laboratory procedures to obtain informative histological cross sections, and the interpretation of growth marks becoming visible through staining. I discuss the precision and constraints of skeletochronological age estimation by evaluating evidence derived from individuals with known age. Individuals of up to eight years of age are correctly aged by LAG-counting, whereas the lifespan of older individuals is systematically underestimated, due to the increasing rapprochement of LAGs at the periphery of bones. A case study on the latitudinal and altitudinal variation of demographic life-history traits in natterjack toads illustrates the utility of skeletochronology to assess plasticity of age distributions in response to climate variation. Finally, I provide perspectives for future research to which skeletochronology may contribute valuable information.
Self-Efficacy in Parents and Children and Its Relationship to Future Delinquent Behavior in Children

A moderated mediation analysis was performed on 3,600 (1,829 boys and 1,771 girls) adolescents from the Longitudinal Study of Australian Children (LSAC). Results from a path analysis revealed that child self-efficacy mediated the relationship between mother control self-efficacy and child delinquency in girls but not in boys and that it mediated the relationship between father control self-efficacy and child delinquency in both boys and girls, with the effect being stronger in girls. Alternately, the direct effect from parental control self-efficacy to child delinquency was stronger in boys than girls. These results suggest that while girls may be discouraged from engaging in delinquency by modeling the self-efficacy of their parents, boys may more likely be dissuaded from delinquency by parenting factors other than modeling.
Interactions of LRRK2 in a Drosophila melanogaster model of Parkinson's disease

Parkinson's disease is the most common movement disorder. A complex neurodegenerative disease, its cause and progressive nature are of unknown roots, making a final cure currently unattainable. Recently, mutations in LRRK2 have been deemed the most common cause of both familial and sporadic forms of Parkinson's disease. Itself a mysterious protein, it harbors pathogenic mutations in all of its complex functional domains. Here, we present a Drosophila melanogaster model of LRRK2 by creating four different human LRRK2 transgenic flies. Wild type LRRK2, and LRRK2 mutants II122V, Y1699C, and I2020T have each demonstrated Dopamine neuron loss, complex behavioral and life span alterations, and a complex eye phenotype. Lastly, we have used the eye phenotype to conduct both a biased screen against recessive Parkinson's disease genes, and an unbiased screen against the Drosophila genome.