Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Predicting the impact of sedimentological heterogeneity on gas–oil and water–oil displacements: fluvio-deltaic Pereriv Suite Reservoir, Azeri–Chirag–Gunashli Oilfield, South Caspian Basin

ABSTRACT The Pereriv Suite reservoir in the Azeri culmination of the ACG Oilfield is characterized by laterally continuous layers of variable net-to-gross (NTG) ratio deposited in a channel-dominated, fluvio-deltaic environment. The reservoir is being developed by down-dip water injection, with up-dip gas injection on the more steeply dipping central north flank. We use high-resolution models derived from outcrop analogue and subsurface data to demonstrate that four key sedimentological heterogeneities control recovery in both oil–water and gas–oil displacements: (1) local variations in NTG within low NTG (<55%) layers; (2) the degree of communication between low NTG layers and adjacent high NTG (>85%) layers; (3) sinuosity and (4) stacking pattern of channel-fill sandbodies in low NTG layers. The first three heterogeneities control sandbody connectivity; the fourth controls sweep efficiency in the connected sandbodies. Two further heterogeneities control recovery in gas–oil displacements in high NTG layers: (5) vertical-to-horizontal permeability ratio of channel-fill sandbodies and (6) mud clast lags at channel bases. Models which omit these small-scale features predict that sedimentological heterogeneity has little impact on water–oil or gas–oil displacements in high NTG layers, but fail to capture the effect of heterogeneity on the gravity stability of the gas–oil displacement, which significantly impacts on recovery.
The Impact of Top-Layer Sliced Lamella Thickness and Core Type on Surface-Checking in Engineered Wood Flooring

Surface-checking is a significant quality issue of veneer and sliced lamellae-based wood products. This study explores how surface-checking in sliced lamellae-based engineered wood Flooring (EWF) is influenced by two key structure parameters: core type and top-layer thickness. The core types assessed were a standard solid wood lamellae with a veneer back-end layer (S), a standard solid wood lamellae core with veneer back-end layers on the two sides (DS), and a single-layer oriented strand board (OS) core. The EWF element’s top-layer lamellae were plain sliced at nominal dimensions of 1.5, 2.5, 3.5, and 4.5 mm from freshly sawn slabs of European oak (Quercus spp.). The surface-checking of EWF specimens was quantified based on a digital image correlation (DIC) method, which outputs a surface-checking index. The surface-checking results were evaluated using a Tweedie compound Poisson data distribution to fit a general linear model. The model evaluated the impact of individual factors, sliced lamellae thickness and core type, and their interaction. The checking index confidence intervals were estimated using a bootstrapping technique. Findings reveal a significant interaction between studied factors and provide insight into optimizing top-layer thickness and core construction to diminish surface-checking. A low sliced lamella thickness on standard solid wood lamellae core resulted in low surface-checking, deemed relevant for further research.
TUBI (TUrkish Benthic Index): A new biotic index for assessing impacts of organic pollution on benthic communities

AbstractA new biotic index, TUBI (TUrkish Benthic Index) is proposed here to assess the impacts of organic enrichments on benthic community structures. This new index has two metrics; the Shannon-Weiver's diversity index (metric 1) and the relative abundance of ecological groups (metric 2). The ecological groups of species, which include five categories, were re-organized under three major categories here, namely, sensitive species (including GI and GII), tolerant species (GIII) and opportunistic species (GIV and GV). The metric 2 considers these groups with different weights and eliminates sensitive species in the calculation. Scores of TUBI vary between 0 and 5, and the benthic quality status increases with increasing TUBI scores. Benthic samples collected from Izmir Bay, and the Aegean and Levantine Seas were analyzed by using different biotic indices such as AMBI, M-AMBI, BENTIX, MEDOCC and TUBI, based on the national database for the ecological groups of benthic species. All biotic indices used, with some exceptions, discriminated poor and bad ecological status in the regions. The correlation analysis performed between the total organic carbon in sediment and total inorganic nitrogen in deep water, and biotic indices indicated that TUBI possessed the highest negative correlation values with these environmental variables, therefore better detecting the variability across a gradient of pollution-mediated impacts on benthic communities.
Interpretation of Mineral Zoning in Submarine Hydrothermal Ore Deposits in Terms of Coupled Fluid Flow‐Precipitation Kinetics Model

Major minerals (sulfates, sulfides, quartz) are distributed in different parts of submarine hydrothermal ore deposits. For instance, the abundance of barite increases stratigraphically upwards in the massive orebodies of the Kuroko deposits (black and yellow ores), while quartz is abundant in the lower parts (siliceous ore). The different distribution of barite and quartz in the Kuroko deposits can not be accounted for by thermochemical equilibrium calculations based on the precipitation due to mixing of ascending hydrothermal solutions with ambient cold seawater. In the present study, a coupled fluid flow‐precipitation kinetics model was used to calculate the amounts of quartz, barite, and anhydrite precipitated from a hydrothermal solution mixed with seawater, assuming reasonable values for temperature, precipitation rate, fluid flow velocity, mineral surface area/fluid mass ratio (A/M), and initial concentrations of hydrothermal solution and seawater before mixing occurred. The results indicate that barite precipitates more efficiently than quartz from discharging fluids with relatively higher flow velocity, lower temperatures and under the condition of lower A/M ratios on the seafloor (black ore), whereas quartz precipitates more effectively from solutions with lower flow velocity, higher temperatures and higher A/M ratios beneath the seafloor (siliceous ore) and in the orebody (barite ore, ferruginous chert ore). Anhydrite precipitates in shallow sub‐seafloor environments with lower precipitation rates and higher A/M ratios than barite and higher precipitation rates and lower A/M ratios than quartz. These results explain the observed occurrences of barite, anhydrite, and quartz in the Kuroko deposits. Namely, barite is abundant in black ore and barite ore which formed above the seafloor, anhydrite formed in high‐permeability tuff breccias, and quartz formed in low permeability dacite intrusive bodies in the sub‐seafloor environment.
Intakes of folate, vitamin B6, and vitamin B12 and cardiovascular disease risk: a national population-based cross-sectional study

Background Only a few studies that investigated dietary intakes of folate, vitamin B6, and vitamin B12 in relation to cariovascular disease (CVD). This study aimed to assess the association of dietary folate, vitamin B6, and vitamin B12 with CVD in the United States population. Methods A cross-sectional analysis of 65,322 adults aged ≥ 20 years who participated in the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III) and NHANES 1999–2018. Before 2003, dietary intake data were assessed using a 24-hour dietary call, and two 24-hour dietary calls were used during 2003 and 2018. Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for CVD associated with dietary folate, vitamin B6, and vitamin B12 were estimated using multivariate logistic regression models. Results Dietary vitamin B6 intake were inversely associated with the odds of CVD. In males, the multivariable OR for the highest vs. lowest quartiles of vitamin B6 was 0.77 (95%CI: 0.61–0.97, Ptrend = 0.013) for the odds of CVD. In females, the adjusted OR for the highest quartile of vitamin B6 compared with the lowest quartile was 0.73 (95%CI: 0.56–0.95, Ptrend = 0.038) for the odds of CVD. No significant association was observed between dietary folate and vitamin B12 intakes and the odds of CVD. Conclusions Our findings indicate that higher intake of dietary vitamin B6 may be associated with lower prevalence of CVD, suggesting that dietary vitamin B6 has major public health implications in the prevention of CVD in the United States population.
Weathering rates as a function of flow through an alpine soil

The effect of flow on release rates of solutes from soil in a 39-m z alpine catchment in the Colorado Rockies was measured during the summers of 1990-1994. Flow rates through the soil were varied by augmenting natural rainfall with deionized irrigation wwLer. Daily water inputs averaged between 96 and 216 1 day-1 during the five field seasons, and mean discharge (inputs minu:~ evapotranspiration) varied from 35 to 175 1 day- 1. Volume-weighted mean concentrations of base cations and silica decreased only moderately in response to the increased water inputs. Input fluxes of solutes in precipitation were similar in each of the study seasons, but output fluxes of base cations and silica in surface outflow increased substantially in conjunction with the average water input rate for the season. Weathering rates calculated from the chemical fluxes increased substantially in response to increases in water input rates. The increases appear 'to be largely attributable to enhanced transport of solutes from the soil matrix under high flow conditions. At high flow, physical flushing of micropores presumably occurs to a greater extent than during low-flow periods because of greater soil wetness and higher hydrologic head. Increased flushing would also cause an increased rate of diffusion of solutes ~om microcracks in mineral surfaces and constricted pore spaces in response to an increased concentration gradient between those regions and adjacent areas in the soil matrix. Another consequence of the increased flushing that occurs during periods of high flow is that concentrations throughout the soil matrix tend to be lower, which might increase chemic, al weathering rates of some silicate minerals such as microcline, which are relatively close to saturation. Decreased Si concentrations under high-flow conditions appear to promote dissolution of amorphous aluminosilicates or desorption of Si from mineral surfaces, buffering Si concentrations in the soil solutions. Thus, both physical transport of solutes and subsequent chemical effects appear to be responsible for the positive relation observed between fluxes of weathering products and water input rates.
Impact of initialization of a modified particle swarm optimization on cooperative source searching

Swarm robotic is well known for its flexibility, scalability and robustness that make it suitable for solving many real-world problems. Source searching which is characterized by complex operation due to the spatial characteristic of the source intensity distribution, uncertain searching environments and rigid searching constraints is an example of application where swarm robotics can be applied. Particle swarm optimization (PSO) is one of the famous algorithms have been used for source searching where its effectiveness depends on several factors. Improper parameter selection may lead to a premature convergence and thus robots will fail (i.e., low success rate) to locate the source within the given searching constraints. Additionally, target overshooting and improper initialization strategies may lead to a nonoptimal (i.e., take longer time to converge) target searching. In this study, a modified PSO and three different initializations strategies (i.e., random, equidistant and centralized) were proposed. The findings shown that the proposed PSO model successfully reduce the target overshooting by choosing optimal PSO parameters and has better convergence rate and success rate compared to the benchmark algorithms. Additionally, the findings also indicate that the random initialization give better searching success compared to equidistant and centralize initialization.
Comparison of Low-Energy Radiofrequency Thermal Vaginal Therapy with Sham Treatment for Stress Urinary Incontinence in Postmenopausal Women: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Introduction and Hypothesis Low-energy radiofrequency (RF) thermal vaginal therapy for vaginal laxity and the genitourinary syndrome of menopause denatures collagen fibrils in the endopelvic fascia; fiber tightening during healing may stabilize the urethra and bladder neck, thereby resolving female stress urinary incontinence (SUI), especially in postmenopausal women. This study compared RF vaginal therapy with sham treatment for mild to moderate SUI. Methods This double-blinded, randomized controlled trial, conducted at a tertiary center from September 2018 to April 2021, recruited postmenopausal women with mild to moderate degree of SUI who had never undergone surgery, energy-based therapy, or vaginal estrogen treatment. The intervention group received vaginal RF laser treatment; the sham group did not. The primary outcome was the 1-hour pad-weight test (PWT) result. Secondary outcomes were Incontinence Quality of Life (I-QOL), Urogenital Distress Inventory (UDI-6), Incontinence Impact Questionnaire (IIQ-7), Patient Global Impression of Improvement (PGI-I), percentage of improvement among all participants, and adverse events. Data were analyzed using STATA 17.0. Results Forty-nine participants randomized to RF (n = 23) and sham (n = 26) groups were eligible for analysis. PWT decreased during follow-up in the RF group but remained stable in the sham group; PWT did not significantly differ between groups. The 1-year post-treatment success rate was higher in the RF group (69.6%) than in the sham group (38.5%). At 1 year post-treatment, there were no statistically significant differences in any secondary outcomes. Conclusion Low-energy RF vaginal therapy is an alternative treatment for mild to moderate SUI in postmenopausal women without serious adverse events. Larger randomized controlled trials should be conducted.
Sampling Bias Worsen the Predictive Ability of Niche Models

Purpose: Ecological Niche Modeling (ENM) and Species Distribution Modeling (SDM) have become powerful tools in biology, biogeography, paleoecology and biodiversity conservation. ENM and SDM are evaluated using metrics that take into account the errors and successes of the models in predicting the presence or absence of species in certain locations. Here, we evaluate the effects of sampling bias on the relationship between evaluative metrics and the predictive capacity of models. Theoretical framework: ENM and SDM are powerful tools with extensive potential for use, but in order for them to produce useful results, they need to be constructed and validated appropriately. The occurrence data used in both processes may not have been collected randomly, which can lead to issues. An investigation into potential problems arising from the use of non-randomly collected occurrence data is necessary, as new issues may arise from simply filtering the data and reducing the number of occurrence records. Material and Methods: We use Virtual Species (VS) to evaluate the effect of sampling bias. Using VS is the most robust approach for this type of testing, as we know the entire VS distribution. Results and conclusion: Our results showed that sampling bias reduces the predictive capacity of the ENM and SDM models. We did not find a consistent pattern of the effect of sampling bias on the relationship between evaluation metrics and the predictive capacity of models. The effect size varied between different bias intensities. We emphasize that reducing the strength of the bias is one of the most efficient ways to minimize this problem.
The impact of the RMB revaluation on China and the world economy | NOVA. The University of Newcastle's Digital Repository

China’s accession to the World Trade Organization (WTO) in 2001 was widely regarded as a major milestone in the development of the Chinese economy as well as the multilateral trading system. This book provides a remarkable background of information about China’s economy after WTO accession and analyses many important issues concerning China’s economic growth, international trade, transparency of trade policy, regional trade arrangements, foreign direct investment, banking sector liberalization, exchange rate reform, agricultural trade and energy demand.
Distribución y situación actual del avión zapador (Riparia riparia) en la Vertiente Cantábrica del País Vasco Distribution and current status of the Sand Martin (Riparia riparia) in the Cantabrian coast of the Basque Country

The Sand Martin is an endangered species in Basque country, listed in the Vulnerable status and, therefore, it is of paramount importance to increase the knowledge about distribution and conservation status. This would be the first step in order to achieve a management tool and afterwards, the second step could assess to develop the Management Plan for the species in the Cantabrian coast of Basque Country. The main goals have been focused on breeding distribution and population size at large scale and breeding biology, roosting and threats at colony scale. Thirty-one colonies with 453 breeding pairs were detected in Gipuzkoa during 20072008. These colonies were located in four rivers: Urumea, Oria, Urola and Deba. Moreover, the first known colony (6 bp) in Bizkaia was found in 2008 and the unique known breeding site (18 bp) in the Cantabric area of Araba was monitored in Nerbioi river. Summarizing, a total of 477 bp spread over 33 colonies were located in the Cantabrian side of Basque Country. Everyone was located in artificial walls with drainage pipes where sand martins installed their nests. The first records of sand martins belonged to the second half of March (2007, Gipuzkoa), the second half of August being the last records of the species. The main roosting site in Gipuzkoa have been located and characterized. The habitat alteration and the invasion of the breeding walls by vegetation are the main threats and it seems the main arguments determining the species expansion. Sport fishing and the clearing of vegetation around the colonies in the breeding season are also the main disturbing factors determining reproductive success. •
Arctic Climate Impact Assessment - ACIA

Earth’s climate is changing, with the global temperature now rising at a rate unprecedented in the experience of modern human society.These climate changes, including increases in ultraviolet radiation, are being experienced particularly intensely in the Arctic. Because the Arctic plays a special role in global climate, these changes in the Arctic will also affect the rest of the world. It is thus essential that decision makers have the latest and best information available regarding ongoing changes in the Arctic and their global implications. The Arctic Council called for this assessment and charged two of its working groups, the Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme (AMAP) and the Conservation of Arctic Flora and Fauna (CAFF), along with the International Arctic Science Committee (IASC), with its implementation. An Assessment Steering Committee was charged with the responsibility for scientific oversight and coordination of all work related to the preparation of the assessment reports. This assessment was prepared over the past five years by an international team of over 300 scientists, other experts, and knowledgeable members of the indigenous communities. The lead authors were selected from open nominations provided by AMAP, CAFF, IASC, the Indigenous Peoples Secretariat, the Assessment Steering Committee, and several national and international scientific organizations. A similar nomination process was used by ACIA to select international experts who independently reviewed this report.The report has been thoroughly researched, is fully referenced, and provides the first comprehensive evaluation of arctic climate change, changes in ultraviolet radiation, and their impacts for the region and for the world.Written certification has been obtained from the ACIA leadership and all lead authors to the effect that the final scientific report fully reflects their expert views.
Discrepancies between Retrospective Review of “Real-Time” Electronic Health Record Documentation and Prospective Observer Documentation of In-Hospital Cardiac Arrest Quality Metrics in an Academic Cardiac Intensive Care Unit

Background: Every year, approximately 200,000 patients will experience in-hospital cardiac arrest (IHCA) in the United States. Survival has been shown to be greatest with the prompt initiation of CPR and early interventions, leading to the development of time-based quality measures. It is uncertain how documentation practices affect reports of compliance with time-based quality measures in IHCA. Methods: A retrospective review of all cases of IHCA that occurred in the Cardiac Intensive Care Unit (CICU) at an academic quaternary hospital was conducted. For each case, a member of the code team (observer) documented performance measures as part of a prospective cardiac arrest quality improvement database. We compared those data to those abstracted in the retrospective review of “real-time” documentation in a Resuscitation Narrator module within electronic health records (EHRs) to investigate for discrepancies. Results: We identified 52 cases of IHCA, all of which were witnessed events. In total, 47 (90%) cases were reviewed by observers as receiving epinephrine within 5 min, but only 42 (81%) were documented as such in the EHR review (p = 0.04), meaning that the interrater agreement for this metric was low (Kappa = 0.27, 95% CI 0.16–0.36). Four (27%) eligible patients were reported as having defibrillation within 2 min by observers, compared to five (33%) reported by the EHR review (p = 0.90), and with substantial agreement (Kappa = 0.73, 95% CI 0.66–0.79). There was almost perfect agreement (Kappa = 0.82, 95% CI 0.76–0.88) for the initial rhythm of cardiac arrest (25% shockable rhythm by observers vs. 29% for EHR review, p = 0.31). Conclusion: There was a discrepancy between prospective observers’ documentation of meeting quality standards and that of the retrospective review of “real-time” EHR documentation. A further study is required to understand the cause of discrepancy and its consequences.
Water quality condition and pollution control strategy about Danjiangkou reservior and the main tributaries for the middle line of Suth-to-North water diversion

Danjiangkou Reservoir is the water source of the middle line of South-to-North water diversion project(MLSWDP),the water pollution will directly effected the water quality of the MLSWDP.Based on the fully investigation of the water quality of Danjiangkou Reservoir Area and the six main tributaries,this paper has analyzed the water pollution situation,the main pollution sources and the main environmental problem,also pointed out the strategies and objectives of the water pollution control according to the requirement of water quality for the MLSWDP.