Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Measurements of the Net Charge Density of Space Plasmas

Space plasmas are composed of charged particles that play a key role in electromagnetic dynamics. However, to date, there has been no direct measurement of the distribution of such charges in space. In this study, three schemes for measuring charge densities in space are presented. The first scheme is based on electric field measurements by multiple spacecraft. This method is applied to deduce the charge density distribution within Earth's magnetopause boundary layer using Magnetospheric MultiScale constellation (MMS) four‐point measurements, and indicates the existence of a charge separation there. The second and third schemes proposed are both based on electric potential measurements from multiple electric probes. The second scheme, which requires 10 or more electric potential probes, can yield the net charge density to first‐order accuracy, while the third scheme, which makes use of seven to eight specifically distributed probes, can give the net charge density with second‐order accuracy. The feasibility, reliability, and accuracy of these three schemes are successfully verified for a charged‐ball model. These charge density measurement schemes could potentially be applied in both space exploration and ground‐based laboratory experiments.
Simulator Sickness Amongst Older Drivers With and Without Dementia

Driving tasks may be safely and cost effectively mimicked through simulator use. Simulator sickness is a side effect which simulation can induce, despite simulation being ideal for most driving research types and real world driving approximation. The authors studied how prevalent simulator sickness was in older drivers referred for driving evaluation, whether they were cognitively impaired or healthy. Past research agrees with study results that simulator sickness is more likely to be experienced by females. Further study may be merited through results which suggest that the incidence of symptoms may be reduced with the assistance of changes in the visual presentation of information to drivers during simulation exposure.
Can You Hear Me Now? Examining Market Discourse as a Sensemaking Mechanism of Entrepreneurial Actions in the U.S. Wireless Telephone Industry, 1998-2007

Title of dissertation: CAN YOU HEAR ME NOW? EXAMINING MARKET DISCOURSE AS A SENSEMAKING MECHANISM OF ENTREPRENEURIAL ACTIONS IN THE U.S. WIRELESS TELEPHONE INDUSTRY, 1998-2007 R. Scott Livengood, Doctor of Philosophy, 2010 Dissertation directed by: Professor Ken G. Smith Department of Management and Organization Entrepreneurial actions, such as new product introductions, infuse new information and drive the market process by moving the market either toward or away from existing market conditions. These products cause uncertainty for market participants, who engage in discourse as a sensemaking mechanism to reduce this uncertainty and eventually either accept or reject the new product, which is essentially the market process. Central to this process, however, is the oft-overlooked phenomenon of market discourse, or the objective and subjective information exchanged in the marketplace, that can be a key sensemaking mechanism when confronted by uncertainty surrounding new products by firms. However, little is known regarding the impact of entrepreneurial actions and the process of how market discourse moves the market. Using a unique dataset created from the United States wireless telephone industry from 1998-2007, I explore how novelty impacts various aspects of market discourse among market participants and how this discourse impacts subsequent sales of individual cell phones. Results suggest that discourse can act as a sensemaking mechanism when new products are relatively more novel than prior phones, but that reputation and competitive intensity can act as a substitute for discourse as a sensemaking mechanism to reduce uncertainty experienced by the market. In addition, discourse was found to positively influence sales but that this effect diminishes over time. Finally, findings indicate discourse acts to fully mediate the relationship between phone novelty and sales, which highlights the importance of studying discourse when examining firm actions. CAN YOU HEAR ME NOW? EXAMINING MARKET DISCOURSE AS A SENSEMAKING MECHANISM OF ENTREPRENEURIAL ACTIONS IN THE U.S. WIRELESS TELEPHONE INDUSTRY, 1998-2007 by R. Scott Livengood Dissertation submitted to the Faculty of the Graduate School of the University of Maryland, College Park in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy 2010
ASSESSMENT OF NUTRIENTS AND DISSOLVED OXYGEN IN A RIVER SYSTEM IN BANGLADESH USING A WATER QUALITY MODEL

A comprehensive field monitoring and laboratory measurement of water quality of a river in Bangladesh was undertaken from January to April in 1995 and 1996. Subsequently, 1-D water quality model was developed, calibrated and verified with the collected data to quantify the state of pollution and the assimilative capacity of the river during the low flow period. The study indicates that the DO condition of the river water remains above the critical level of 4.0mg/L, supporting the survival of aquatic life including fish. The river still has significant assimilative capacity and can assimilate the waste load from future new industrial establishment without violating the DO standard.
Wood: A History

Acknowledgements vii Introduction: Praising Wood, Caring for Wood, Splitting Wood and a Historical Synthesis 1 Chapter 1 Paths into the Thicket of History 13 1 The Wood Age 14 2 Man and Forest: Stories and History 28 3 Wood and Historical Change 34 Chapter 2 Middle Ages and Early Modern Period: Maximum Exploitation and the Beginnings of Sustainability 56 1 Medieval Society and the Limits of the Forest 57 2 Timber Becomes a Commodity 70 3 Large- Scale Firewood Consumption and the First Wave of Forest Ordinance 92 Chapter 3 From the Apogee of the Wood Age to the Industrial Revolution 135 1 Reform, Revolution and the Wood Economy 136 2 The Spectre of Shortage : Did the Timber Trade Face Catastrophe? 156 3 The Forest: From Living Space to Capital 172 4 Wood Consumers: Economies in the Home and Outside 205 5 Rollback 228 Chapter 4 Wood in the High Industrial Age: Degradation and Rebirth 239 1 The Forest as an Economic Factor 240 2 Technological Revolution in the Timber Industry 256 3 Fissile Material and Bonding Agent: Forest and Wood in the Eco- Age 276 Chapter 5 Global Prospects and Contrasts 294 1 Lessons from Asia 295 2 Conflicts and (Ostensible) Solutions 318 3 Looking Back to the Future: Six Spotlights on the History of Forest and Wood 324 Postscript: The Mystery of Certificates, or, Sustainable Forestry versus Greenwashing 327 Wood Talk 330 References and Bibliography 340 Index 376
Effect of several geometric parameters on the static internal performance of three nonaxisymmetric nozzle concepts

Effects of several geometric parameters on the internal performance of nonaxisymmetric convergent-divergent, single-ramp expansion, and wedge nozzles were investigated at nozzle pressure ratios up to approximately 10. In addition, two different thrust-vectoring schemes were investigated with the wedge nozzle. The results indicated that as with conventional round nozzles, peak nonaxisymmetric nozzle, internal performance occurred near the nozzle pressure ratio required for fully expanded exhaust flow. Nozzle sidewall length or area generally had little effect on the internal performance of the nozzles investigated.
Aeroelastic Considerations For Rotorcraft Primary Control with On-Blade Elevons

Replacing the helicopter rotor swashplate and blade pitch control system with on-blade elevon control surfaces for primary flight control may significantly reduce weight and drag to improve mission performance. Simplified analyses are used to examine the basic aeroelastic characteristics of such rotor blades, including pitch and flap dynamic response, elevon reversal, and elevon control effectiveness. The profile power penalty associated with deflections of elevon control surfaces buried within the blade planform is also evaluated. Results suggest that with aeroelastic design for pitch frequencies in the neighborhood of 2/rev, reasonable elevon control effectiveness may be achieved and that, together with collective pitch indexing, the aerodynamic profile power penalty of on-blade control surface deflections may be minimized.
Exposure: Inside the Olympus Scandal: How I Went from CEO to Whistleblower

When Michael Woodford was made President and CEO of Olympus, he became the first Westerner ever to climb the ranks of one of Japan's corporate icons. Some wondered at the appointment - how could a gaijin (foreigner) who didn't even speak Japanese understand how to run a Japanese company? But within months Woodford had gained the confidence of colleagues and shareholders. Then his dream job turned into a nightmare. He learned about a series of bizarre mergers and acquisitions deals totalling $1.7 billion - a scandal which if exposed threatened to bring down the entire company. He turned to his fellow executives - including the chairman who had promoted him - for answers. But instead of being heralded as a hero for trying to save Olympus, Woodford was met with hostility and a cover-up. Within weeks he was fired in a boardroom coup that shocked the international business world. As rumours emerged of Yakuza (mafia) involvement in the scandal, Woodford fled Japan in fear of his life. He went straight to the press - becoming the first CEO of a multinational to blow the whistle on his own company. Following his departure Woodford faced months of agonizing pressure that threatened his health and his family life. But instead of succumbing he persisted, and eventually the men who had ousted him were held to account. Exposure is the story of how Michael Woodford chose the truth over a multimillion-dollar salary, and exposed the dark heart of the company he had dedicated his life to. He also paints a devastating portrait of corporate Japan - an insular, hierarchy-driven culture that prefers maintaining the status quo to exposing ugly truths. The result is a deeply personal memoir that reads like a thriller. As Woodford himself puts it, 'I thought I was going to run a health-care and consumer electronics company but found I had walked into a John Grisham novel. '
DISTRIBUTION AND MORPHOLOGY OF MECHANOR ECEPTORS IN SHOULDER AND ELBOW JOINTS CAPSULE IN THE GAZELLES (GAZELLA SUBGUTTUROSA)

This study aimed to detect nerves taking part innervation in gazelles’ ( Gazella subgutturosa ) shoulder and elbow joint capsule and to classify mechanoreceptor responsible for this innervation via histological and immunohistochemical methods. In order to detect quantity of the neural elements 12 adult gazelle cadavers (6 females and 6 males) were used. Capsules taken from shoulder and elbow joint were fixed by formaldehyde. Histological structures of mechanoreceptors were detected with haematoxylin-eosin (H&E) staining. Low-affinity neurotrophic receptor p75, protein gene product 9.5 (PGP-9.5) and protein S-100 were classified via immunohistochemical staining method. The nerve endings of positive staining were counted by light microscope at 400x magnification. Histological examination revealed four types of nerve endings in the joint capsule. Free nerve endings, Ruffini, Golgi-like and Pacini nerving ends were detected in descending order. The more mechanoreceptors were detected in elbow joint than shoulder joint. It was concluded that the mechanoreceptors taking part in proprioceptive function of joints were highly observed in shoulder and elbow joint capsule. This strong innervation was thought as a result of gazelles’ fast and nimbly movement ability.
Travel Behavior of Car Share Members in Halifax, Canada: Modeling Trip Purpose in Case of the Use of Car Share Services and Mode Choice in Absence of the Service

This paper presents the findings of modeling the use of car share services for different trip purposes in Halifax, Canada. It also investigates the modes car share members would choose for those trip purposes, in absence of the car share service. The study uses latent class modeling techniques utilizing data from a web-based travel survey of existing car share members in Halifax, Canada in 2012. The paper includes two latent class models (LCM): (1) trip purposes when members uses car share services and (2) mode choice in the absence of car share. The first model investigates the purpose of accessing car share, which considers four purposes: (1) work related, (2) shopping, (3) personal business, and (4) recreational and others. The second model examines the mode choice behavior of car share members and considers five modes in the choice set: (1) transit, (2) bicycle, (3) walk, (4) taxi, and (5) other (carpool and rental car). The parameter estimates of the trip purpose model suggest that socio- economic characteristics, location of accessing car share, membership plans, travel attributes, and neighborhood characteristics are highly significant in explaining the purpose of accessing car share services. In case of the mode choice model, socio-economic characteristics, travel attributes, and neighborhood characteristics are the major predictors of mode choices in absence of the car share services. The findings of modeling travel behaviors of car share members will assist decision-makers to develop a more attractive, competitive, and easily accessible car share program.
Variation Between Laboratory and In-Situ Methods for Determining Copper Release Rate from Navy-Approved Coatings

The United States Navy is taking steps toward extending dry docking intervals for surface ships to reduce adverse environmental effects and underwater hull maintenance costs. To determine the optimum time for maintenance repainting of the hulls of marine vessels, it is necessary to understand the aging of underwater hull antifouling coatings and the rate of biocide release. This article examines the variation between laboratory and in-situ methods for estimating copper release rates from Navy approved vessels. The laboratory test used in this review was the standard ASTM D6442 protocol. In-Situ coating copper release measurements were obtained form studies conducted in natural seawater in San Diego Bay for periods of 2-5 years. The article shows that the copper release rates measured using the longer term in-situ techniques more accurately reflect the release of biocides from in-service ship hulls than the shorter term, ASTM D6442 laboratory method. Based on the results of the studies examined, test methods that take into account real world environment ans operational variables should be used to determine the copper release rates from antifouling rates, and results of ASTM D6442 testing should not be used to predict the useful life of standard navy antifouling coatings.
Improving Work Zone Safety through Speed Management

Safety hazards are increased in highway work zones as the dynamics of a work zone introduce a constantly changing environment with varying levels of risk. Excessive speeding through work and maintenance zones is a common occurrence which elevates the dangers to both drivers and motorists in the work zone. Although most work zones are controlled by reduced speed limits or state law enforcement, driver adherence to these regulations and laws in very minimal, especially in work zones. Several studies have shown a correlation between speeding in work zones and traffic crashes which lead most traffic safety professionals to conclude that excessive speeding and speed variance are the contributing factors in a large percentage of traffic crashes, injuries or fatalities. The most influential factor in achieving speed compliance in the work zone is the driver’s perception of heightened risk. The main objective of this study was to determine the safest and most effective countermeasure for the reduction of vehicular speeds within construction and maintenance work zones. The purpose of the simulator experiment was to determine the effectiveness of 20 countermeasures on the reduction of speed through work zones in a controlled laboratory setting. The literature review identified several past research studies utilizing speed reduction countermeasures in work zones and under normal traffic conditions. From this review, 20 countermeasures were selected for evaluation based upon discussions with ODOT personnel. The post hoc tests indicated that the presence of construction workers, presence of construction vehicles, law enforcement, speed photo enforcement and shifting lanes were most effective at reducing speeds in work zones. The least effective speed reduction countermeasures included 3 sets of 3 rumble strips, concrete barriers, other channelizing devices and changeable message signs with speed reductions less than 10 mph.
Facing-Off in the Sport Management Classroom: Using Facebook as an educational tool

Facebook has become firmly integrated into our communications infrastructure, and its hold only appears to be gaining in strength. Researchers in education are examining the implications of social media in the classroom setting. Perez (2009) found that students were logging into Facebook five days a week, upwards of four times per day. EDUCAUSE (2011) reported that 90 percent of undergraduate students have adopted Facebook and 58 percent have incorporated Facebook consumption into their daily routines. Over one quarter of the students surveyed reported spending six to 10 hours on social networking services each week; on the high end of the scale, a staggering eight hours of Facebook consumption per day was reported (Perez, 2009). These statistics coincide with reports that suggest course management systems and the use of e-mail are losing popularity among students (Joosten, 2009). Schroeder and Greenbowe (2009) found that the number of student posts were almost 400 percent greater on Facebook when compared to the popular course management software, WebCT. This same study rated Facebook postings to be superior in quality to those on WebCT; it further found that discussions were often continued throughout the entire semester, whereas those in WebCT tended to end more abruptly. This paper addresses how educators might take advantage of Facebook as an educational tool. The following workshop outline will discuss strategies for implementing Facebook into a course and provide insight into the educational benefits inherent in this technology, while taking care to address potential challenges.
The effect of hypothalamic involvement and growth hormone treatment on cardiovascular risk factors during the transition period in patients with childhood-onset craniopharyngioma

Purpose Hypothalamic damage may increase the risk of adulthood obesity and cardiovascular disease in patients with craniopharyngioma. We evaluated the effects of hypothalamic involvement (HI) and growth hormone (GH) discontinuation on cardiovascular risk factors during the transition period in patients with childhood-onset craniopharyngioma. Methods Thirty-three patients (17 males, 16 females) underwent retesting for adult GH deficiency (GHD) between 2005 and 2020 at Seoul National University Children's Hospital. Postoperative HI was graded by Puget's criteria and data regarding GH replacement were collected. At retesting, body mass index (BMI), fasting blood glucose, insulin, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), triglycerides, and blood pressure were assessed. Results The mean age of commencement and discontinuation of GH replacement for childhood GHD was 10.0±3.6 and 15.3±3.1 years, respectively. The mean age at retesting for adult GHD was 17.7±2.5 years. When patients were categorized by post-GH discontinuation duration, those with durations >6 months (n=27) showed lower HDL-C levels than those with <6 months (P=0.037). Patients with extensive HI (n=16) had higher BMI z-scores than did those with no HI or mild HI (P=0.020). Both the extent of HI and longer post-GH discontinuation duration were significantly predictive for decreased HDL-C levels (P<0.05, for both). Conclusions The extent of HI and GH discontinuation duration during the transition period can increase cardiovascular risks in patients with childhood-onset craniopharyngioma.
Hydroprocessing of Oleic Acid for Production of Jet-Fuel Range Hydrocarbons over Cu and FeCu Catalysts

In the present study, a series of monometallic Cu/SiO2-Al2O3 catalysts exhibited immense potential in the hydroprocessing of oleic acid to produce jet-fuel range hydrocarbons. The synergistic effect of Fe on the monometallic Cu/SiO2-Al2O3 catalysts of variable Cu loadings (5–15 wt%) was ascertained by varying Fe contents in the range of 1–5 wt% on the optimized 13% Cu/SiO2-Al2O3 catalyst. At 340 °C and 2.07 MPa H2 pressure, the jet-fuel range hydrocarbons yield and selectivities of 51.8% and 53.8%, respectively, were recorded for the Fe(3)-Cu(13)/SiO2-Al2O3 catalyst. To investigate the influence of acidity of support on the cracking of oleic acid, ZSM-5 (Zeolite Socony Mobil–5) and HZSM-5(Protonated Zeolite Socony Mobil–5)-supported 3% Fe-13% Cu were also evaluated at 300–340 °C and 2.07 MPa H2 pressure. Extensive techniques including N2 sorption analysis, pyridine- Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (Pyridine-FTIR), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS), and H2-Temperature Programmed Reduction (H2-TPR) analyses were used to characterize the materials. XPS analysis revealed the existence of Cu1+ phase in the Fe(3)-Cu(13)/SiO2-Al2O3 catalyst, while Cu metal was predominant in both the ZSM-5 and HZSM-5-supported FeCu catalysts. The lowest crystallite size of Fe(3)-Cu(13)/SiO2-Al2O3 was confirmed by XRD, indicating high metal dispersion and corroborated by the weakest metal–support interaction revealed from the TPR profile of this catalyst. CO chemisorption also confirmed high metal dispersion (8.4%) for the Fe(3)-Cu(13)/SiO2-Al2O3 catalyst. The lowest and mildest Brønsted/Lewis acid sites ratio was recorded from the pyridine–FTIR analysis for this catalyst. The highest jet-fuel range hydrocarbons yield of 59.5% and 73.6% selectivity were recorded for the Fe(3)-Cu(13)/SiO2-Al2O3 catalyst evaluated at 300 °C and 2.07 MPa H2 pressure, which can be attributed to its desirable textural properties, high oxophilic iron content, high metal dispersion and mild Brønsted acid sites present in this catalyst.