Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Similar biﬁdogenic eﬀects of prebiotic-supplemented partially hydrolyzed infant formula and breastfeeding on infant gut microbiota q

The aim of the study was to assess the quantitative and qualitative diﬀerences of the gut microbiota in infants. We evaluated gut microbiota at the age of 6 months in 32 infants who were either exclusively breast-fed, formula-fed, nursed by a formula supplemented with prebiotics (a mixture of fructo-and galacto-oligosaccharides) or breast-fed by mothers who had been given probiotics. The Biﬁdobacterium , Bacteroides , Clostridium and Lactobacillus/Enterococcus microbiota were assessed by the ﬂuorescence in situ hybridization, and Biﬁdobacterium species were further characterized by PCR. Total number of biﬁdobacteria was lower among the formula-fed group than in other groups ( P = 0.044). Total amounts of the other bacteria were comparable between the groups. The speciﬁc Biﬁdobacterium microbiota composition of the breast-fed infants was achieved in infants receiving prebiotic supplemented formula. This would suggest that early gut Biﬁdobacterium microbiota can be modiﬁed by special diets up to the age of 6 months.
On the distribution of magnetic energy storage in solar active regions

A two-dimensional probabilistic Cellular Automaton is used to model the appearance of active regions at the solar surface. We assume that two main competing processes control the magnetic field evolution at the solar surface (1) the magnetic field is locally enhanced by the flux emergence and/or the coalescence of emerged magnetic flux and (2) it is diminished by flux cancellation or diffusion. The flux emergence follows a basic percolation rule; it is more probable at the points were magnetic flux already exists. The magnetic field is also enhanced when magnetic fields of the same polarity collide. The flux cancellation is due either to the gradual diffusion of the magnetic field, when it is isolated, or to the partial release of energy when opposite magnetic field lines collide. The percolation model proposed in this article is capable of reproducing the statistical properties of the evolving active regions. The evolving simulated magnetograms, derived from our model, are used to estimate the 3-D magnetic fields above the photosphere using constant α force-free extrapolation techniques. Based on the above analysis we are able to estimate a variety of observed statistical characteristics, e.g. the size and flux distribution of the magnetic fields at the solar surface, the fractal dimension of the magnetic structures formed at the photosphere, the energy release frequency distribution, the waiting time distribution of the sporadic energy releases and the statistical properties of the steep horizontal magnetic field gradients in the extrapolated coronal magnetic field. Our main conclusion is that the photospheric driver plays a crucial role in the observed flare statistics, and the solar magnetograms, when interpreted properly, carry important statistical information for the solar coronal activity (coronal heating, flares, CME etc.).
Spoilers as Self-Protection: Investigating the Influence of Empathic Distress and Concern for the Self on Spoiler Selection

Despite the commonly held belief that spoilers detract from the narrative experience, research results have been equivocal. In fact, some research has indicated that spoilers can reduce para-social breakup distress, pointing to the potential of spoilers to serve a protective function and help people manage their moods. A naturalistic experiment examined how concern for the characters and the self might impact the likelihood of selecting spoilers. Graphic warnings were provided before participants viewed a suspenseful television episode, and they were also given the opportunity to read either a review with spoilers or a review without spoilers before the narrative climax. Results indicate that those who experienced greater concern for the characters and subsequently greater self-concern were more likely to choose the spoiled review. Interestingly, their exposure to spoilers did not affect their enjoyment or suspense at the conclusion of the episode. This suggests that the desire to avoid emotional distress plays a role in spoiler selection: People may seek out spoilers to protect themselves from negative feelings.
Provenance of the Upper Miocene clastic material in the southwestern part of Pannonian Basin

Abstract: Upper Miocene clastic material in the SW part of the Pannonian Basin originates from two distinctively different source areas. The mineralogy and texture of the detritus of the older part of the deposits (Croatica, Ozalj and Medvedski Breg Units) are immature. These sediments originated from intense mechanical weathering of the hinterland and islands. Detrital composition varies greatly and clearly reflects the composition of the source rocks. The mineralogy and texture of the detritus of younger deposits (Andrasevec, Hum Zabocki, Cernik and Pluska Units) are relatively mature, showing a uniform composition in the entire study area. Sediments were generated by weathering of various sources, mainly siliciclastic sediments and metamorphic rocks, and to a lesser degree, basic and ultrabasic magmatic rocks. The composition of the main detrital modes of the arenites and palaeotransport measurements suggest that the source rocks were part of an orogenic belt located to the NW, W and NE of the studied area, i.e. the Eastern Alps and Carpathians. On the SW edge of the Pannonian Basin, in Hrvatsko Zagorje and Mt. Žumberak area, at the contact between the Upper Miocene and Pliocene deposits, a gradual change of the heavy mineral assemblage was determined. This change could be linked with structural changes in the Alpine– Carpathian orogen when rocks from deeper parts were brought to the surface, or with a rearrangement of source areas within the orogen area. Towards east, in the area of the Slavonian Mts. , sands in the Upper Miocene and lowest part of Pliocene deposits do not show similar changes, and probably belong to a separate clastic system, which, contemporaneously prograded towards the south.
This paper is included in the

Email, since its invention, has become the most widely used communication system and SMTP is the standard for email transmission on the Internet. However, SMTP lacks built-in security features, such as sender authentication, making it vulnerable to attacks, including sender spooﬁng. To address the threat of spooﬁng, several security extensions, such as SPF or DKIM, have been proposed. Domain-based Message Authentication Reporting and Conformance (DMARC) was introduced in 2012 as a way for domain name owners to publish desired actions for email receivers to take through a DNS record if SPF or DKIM validation fails. The DMARC record can also request email receivers to send machine-generated reports back to the speciﬁed addresses to aid domain name owners in detecting and evaluating the risk of spoofed emails. However, DMARC’s complexity creates opportunities for mismanagement that can be exploited by attackers. This paper presents a large-scale and comprehensive measurement study of DMARC reporting deployment and management. We collected data for all second-level domains under the . com , . net , . org , and . se TLDs over 13 months to analyze deployment and management from the domain name owner’s perspective. Additionally, we investigated 7 popular email hosting services and 2 open-source DMARC reporting software to understand their reporting practices. Our study reveals pervasive mismanagement and missing security considerations in DMARC reporting. For example, we found that a single email from an attacker can make a victim SMTP server receive a large number of reports with a high ampliﬁcation factor (e.g., 1,460 × ) by exploiting misconﬁgured SMTP servers. Based on our ﬁndings of several operational misconﬁgurations for DMARC reporting, we provide recommendations for improvement.
Advancing Women in Leadership Online Journal

Women, Organizational Development, and the New Science of Happiness Do people need a lot of money or wealth to be happy? Some social scientists say no. Once people get beyond having their basic needs met, making more money does little to raise the sense of satisfaction (Diener & Seligman, 2002). What, then, makes people happy? According to a new science of happiness, authentic happiness centers on conditions that enable people to flourish in their lives (Seligman, 2003). When asked what conditions brought them the greatest source of happiness, more than 900 women said their greatest sense of happiness came from their children, religious or spiritual life, family connections and friendships, contributing to the lives of others
Central Lancashire Online Knowledge (CLoK)

Globally, there has been a trend in rising levels of hate crime that scholars have argued is reflective of significant social problems within society. Research into hate crime has typically focused on the police and their subsequent response to this crime type, with many findings reporting that the police are racist, homophobic and Islamophobic, to name but a few. However, existing research seldom captures the insights and experiences of sworn police officers, as much of the data is gathered from third parties. This paper presents the empirical findings from a Delphi study conducted with one police force in Australia, sampling sworn New South Wales (NSW) police officers between October 2020 and October 2021. The findings focus on four overarching areas: defining hate crime , perpetrators of hate crime , victims of hate crime , and responses to hate crime . These themes capture the perspectives of NSW police officers in relation to operational and organisational practice in respect of hate crime. Drawing on a Delphi method, the research outlines police perceptions of the nature of hate crime, as well as capturing how hate crime can be effectively reported, recorded, and responded to. Conclusions and implications are considered. These include the requirement for a clearer definition and targeted education strategies aimed at improving knowledge and understanding relating to hate crime. Future directions include the development of a standardised approach to reporting, recording, and responding to hate crime.
STRESS DISTRIBUTION IN SPLITTING TESTS

A COMPARATIVE ANALYTICAL STUDY IS DESCRIBED OF THE CRITICAL STRESS DISTRIBUTIONS DEVELOPED IN SPLITTING TESTS ON CONCRETE SPECIMENS OF VARIOUS SHAPES. ASSUMING LINEAR ELASTIC BEHAVIOR, THE SPLITTING STRESSES FOR THE FOUR FOLLOWING CASES ARE INVESTIGATED FOR CONCENTRATED LINE LOADING: (1) CYLINDER SPECIMENS; (2) CUBE SPECIMENS; (3) BEAM SPECIMENS; AND (4) CUBE SPECIMENS TESTED DIAGONALLY. IT IS DEMONSTRATED THAT SPECIMENS (1), (2) AND (3) HAVE SIMILAR DISTRIBUTION PATTERNS OF TENSILE STRESS. IN PARTICULAR, THE CUBE SPLITTING TEST FORMS A SUITABLE PRACTICAL ALTERNATIVE TO THE STANDARD CYLINDER SPLITTING TEST TO ASSESS THE TENSILE STRENGTH OF CONCRETE. THE STUDY OF SPECIMEN (2) IS EXTENDED TO INCLUDE THE EFFECTS OF DISTRIBUTED LOADS ON THE STRESS PATTERNS. /AUTHOR/
Along‐Axis Structure and Crustal Construction Processes of Spreading Segments in Iceland: Implications for Magmatic Rifts

Magmatic rift systems are composed of discrete spreading segments defined by morphologic, structural, and volcanic features that vary systematically along strike. In Iceland, structural features mapped in the glaciated and exhumed Miocene age upper crust correlate with analogous features in the seismically and volcanically active neovolcanic zone. Integrating information from both the active rift zones and ancient crust provides a three‐dimensional perspective of crustal structure and the volcanic and tectonic processes that construct crust along spreading segments. Crustal exposures in the Skagi region of northern Iceland reveal significant along‐strike variations in geologic structure. The upper crust at exhumed magmatic centers (segment centers) is characterized by a variety of intrusive rocks, high‐temperature hydrothermal alteration, and geologic evidence for kilometer‐scale subsidence. In contrast, the upper crust along segment limbs, which extend along strike from magmatic centers, is characterized by thick sections of gently dipping lava flows, cut by varying proportions of subvertical dikes. This structure implies relatively minor upper crustal subsidence and lateral dike intrusion. The differing modes of subsidence beneath segment centers and segment limbs require along‐axis mass redistribution in the underlying upper, middle, and lower crust during crustal construction. This along‐axis material transport is accomplished through lateral dike intrusion in the upper crust and by along‐axis flow of magmatic to high‐temperature solid‐state gabbroic material in the middle and lower crust. These processes, inferred from outcrop evidence in Skagi, are consistent with processes inferred to be important during active rifting in Iceland and at analogous magmatic oceanic and continental rifts.
Syddansk Universitet Characteristics of complaints resulting in disciplinary actions against Danish GPs

Objective . The risk of being disciplined in connection with a complaint case causes distress to most general practitioners. The present study examined the characteristics of complaint cases resulting in disciplinary action. Material and methods. The Danish Patients ’ Complaints Board ’ s decisions concerning general practice in 2007 were examined. Information on the motives for complaining, as well as patient and general practitioner characteristics, was extracted and the association with case outcome (disciplinary or no disciplinary action) was analysed. Variables included complaint motives, patient gender and age, urgency of illness, cancer diagnosis, healthcare settings (daytime or out-of-hours services), and general practitioner gender and professional seniority. Results. Cases where the complaint motives involved a wish for placement of responsibility (OR 2.35, p 0.01) or a wish for a review of the general practitioner ’ s competence (OR 1.95, p 0.02) were associated with increased odds of the general practitioner being disciplined. The odds of discipline decreased when the complaint was motivated by a feeling of being devalued (OR 0.39, p 0.02) or a request for an explanation (OR 0.46, p 0.01). With regard to patient and general practitioner characteristics, higher general practitioner professional seniority was associated with increased odds of discipline (OR 1.97 per 20 additional years of professional seniority, p 0.01). None of the other characteristics was statistically signifi cantly associated with discipline in the multiple logistic regression model. Conclusion. Complaint motives and professional seniority were associated with decision outcomes. Further research is needed on the impact of professional seniority on performance.
Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology

Facial attractiveness has been associated with many (social) advantages in life, like greater popularity, acceptance, and social competence. Because social evaluations and acceptance are important factors contributing to self-esteem (SE), we hypothesized that high levels of attractiveness would be related to increased levels of SE. To test this assumption, 230 adolescents from two age groups (13 and 15 years) were surveyed annually for 5 years. A latent growth curve model was used to model the inﬂuence of facial attractiveness on the development of SE over time. Results showed that younger adolescents with higher levels of attractiveness had lower levels of SE at baseline. Attractiveness was not found to be a signiﬁcant predictor in explaining the development of SE over time. These ﬁndings indicate that attractive children are more likely to have lower levels of SE when they enter early adolescence compared to their less attractive counterparts.
The Geography of Knowledge Creation: Technological Relatedness and Regional Smart Specialization Strategies

This chapter synthesises the literatures of evolutionary economic geography and the geography of innovation in order to demonstrate the path dependent and evolutionary logic inherent to knowledge creation and diffusion processes. Critically, this synthesis reaffirms the continued importance of geography as a palpable medium to organize economic activity. Making explicit use of the ‘knowledge space’ methodology developed by Kogler et al., (2013) this chapter examines the technological evolution of Ireland (1981 – 2010) and provides new insights on how regional knowledge trajectories are shaped by path-dependent, recombinant, and co-evolutionary network dynamics. For Ireland, we show that its technological development can be understood as a branching phenomenon, whereby new technological trajectories branched out from previously existing or related pieces of knowledge. The chapter concludes by theorising how the knowledge space framework has an important bearing on the recently proposed Smart Specialisation thesis, which is envisioned to underpin knowledge-based regional economic development throughout Europe for the coming decade.
Sociometry of Solenopsis geminata (Hymeno ptera: Formicidae) reveals variation in colony-level phenotypes in fire ants

In social insects, natural selection operates at the level of the colony, rather than the individual, but our understanding of how colony-level phenotypes arise and vary between species is lacking. Here, we test how colony-level phenotypes vary within the fire ants by measuring the composition of colonies of the tropical fire ant, Solenopsis geminata , over a wide range of sizes at multiple times throughout the year. Similar to the well-studied fire ant species S. invicta , we find that S. geminata colony composition varies strongly with colony size, such that as colonies grow they produce increasingly large workers as well as queens and males. However, major production increases more rapidly with colony size in S. geminata than in S. invicta , which may explain our observation that S. geminata also possesses a smaller maximum colony size. Unlike S. geminata or S. invicta in the USA, we find no evidence for seasonal variation in colony composition in S. geminata in Costa Rica. Solenopsis geminata colonies from Costa Rica also exhibit continuous variation in queen number, from one to two to hundreds. Overall, this research describes how colony-level features vary within the fire ants, providing basic data that can be used to study the mechanisms underlying the development and evolution of colony-level phenotypes in social insects.
A photographic catalog of Ceraphronoidea types at the Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, Paris (MNHN), with comments on unpublished notes from Paul Dessart

The majority of Ceraphronoidea (Insecta: Hymenoptera) species were described in the late 1800s and early 1900s, with most of these early descriptions relying on text alone. Few type specimens have been illustrated and even fewer have been photographed, posing a challenge to taxonomists working on the group today. Here, we attempt to remove the barriers obstructing Ceraphronoidea research by creating a photographic catalog of the type specimens present at the Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle (MNHN) in Paris, France. We discuss the history of the ceraphronoid specimens present in the collection and provide comments on unpublished species notes from former Ceraphronoidea taxonomist Paul Dessart. We synonymize Ceraphron myrmecophilus Kieffer, 1913 syn. nov. with Aphanogmus abdominalis (Thomson, 1858) (Hymenoptera: Ceraphronidae) based on the male genitalia morphology, body shape and presence of foveae on the median length of the mesoscutellum. We also report the discovery of the missing male holotype of Ceraphron testaceus (Risbec, 1953) (Hymenoptera: Ceraphronidae) and several potential types of Aphangomus aphidi (Risbec, 1955) (Hymenoptera: Ceraphronidae).
Prediction of fragmentation due to blasting using mutual information and rock engineering system; case study: Meydook copper mine

One of the key outcomes of blasting in mines is found to be rock fragmentation which profoundly affects downstream expenses. In fact, size prediction of rock fragmentation is the first leap towards the optimization of blasting design parameters. This paper makes an attempt to present a model to predict rock fragmentation using Mutual Information (MI) in Meydook copper mine. Ten parameters are considered to influence fragmentation. On the other hand, Rock Engineering System (RES) is employed for sake of comparison between different methods. To validate the results, six blasting scenarios are selected out and compared with results of both models. The coefficients R2, RMSE and MAE were used in an attempt to assess the performance of presented models. The values of the coefficients R2, RMSE and MAE considering two methods of MI and RES for 30 blasting cycles are calculated as (0.81, 10.7, and 9.02) and (0.75, 11.87, and 9.61), respectively, implying the better capability of MI model to predict fragmentation.
Zircon U–Pb dating and phase equilibria modelling of gneisses from Dinggye area, Ama Drime Massif, central Himalaya

The tectonic affinity of the Ama Drime Massif in central Himalaya remains a subject of debate. We provide evidences of the metamorphic conditions and new geochronological data for orthogneiss and paragneiss in the Riwu area, eastern side of Ama Drime Massif. The peak P–T conditions for garnet gneiss is 13–14 kbar and 750–765 °C using phase equilibria modelling. The zircon U–Pb dating results reveal that the orthogneiss has a crystallization age of 1,848 ± 12 Ma and zircon rims age of 1,767 ± 18 Ma. Three major age peaks characterize all detrital zircons from the paragneisses: 975, 1,161, and 1,749 Ma. These new data integrated with previous literature data indicate that (a) the Ama Drime Massif might be ascribed to the Greater Himalayan Series; and (b) the Himalayan terrane may have been located closer to both the India and Lhasa terranes during the amalgamation of the supercontinent Columbia.
A Review on the Role and Function of Cinnabarinic Acid, a “Forgotten” Metabolite of the Kynurenine Pathway

In the human body, the majority of tryptophan is metabolized through the kynurenine pathway. This consists of several metabolites collectively called the kynurenines and includes, among others, kynurenic acid, L-kynurenine, or quinolinic acid. The wealth of metabolites, as well as the associated molecular targets and biological pathways, bring about a situation wherein even a slight imbalance in the kynurenine levels, both in the periphery and central nervous system, have broad consequences regarding general health. Cinnabarinic acid (CA) is the least known trace kynurenine, and its physiological and pathological roles are not widely understood. Some studies, however, indicate that it might be neuroprotective. Information on its hepatoprotective properties have also emerged, although these are pioneering studies and need to be replicated. Therefore, in this review, I aim to present and critically discuss the current knowledge on CA and its role in physiological and pathological settings to guide future studies.