Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Strong Clustering in the Low-Redshift Lyα Forest

The two-point correlation function, ξ, of Lyα forest is found to be large, ξ = 1. 8−1.2+1.6, greater than 90% confidence level, on the scale of 250-500 km s–1 for a sample of absorbers (0 < z < 1.3) assembled from Hubble Space Telescope Key Project Observations. This correlation function is stronger than at high redshift (z > 1.7) where ξ ≲ 0.2 for velocities greater than 250 km s–1.
Theory of antiferroelectric phase transitions

At variance with structural ferroic phase transitions which give rise to macroscopic tensors coupled to macroscopic fields, criteria defining antiferroelectric (AFE) phase transitions are still under discussion due to the absence of specific symmetry properties characterizing their existence. They are recognized by the proximity of a ferroelectric (FE) phase induced under applied electric field, with a double hysteresis loop relating the induced polarization to the electric field and a typical anomaly of the dielectric permittivity. Here, we show that there exist indeed symmetry criteria defining AFE transitions. They relate the local symmetry of the polar crystallographic sites emerging at an AFE phase transition with the macroscopic symmetry of the AFE phase. The dielectric properties of AFE transitions are deduced from a Landau theoretical model in which ferroelectric and ferrielectric phases are shown to stabilize as the result of specific symmetry-allowed couplings of the AFE order parameter with the field-induced polarization.
Relativistic thick discs in the Kerr–de Sitter backgrounds

Perfect fluid tori with a uniform distribution of the specific angular momentum, ℓ(r, θ) = const, orbiting the Kerr–de Sitter black holes or naked singularities are studied. It is well known that the structure of equipotential surfaces of such marginally stable tori reflects the basic properties of any tori with a general distribution of the specific angular momentum. Closed equipotential surfaces corresponding to stationary thick discs are allowed only in the spacetimes admitting stable circular geodesics. The last closed surface crosses itself in the cusp(s) enabling the outflow of matter from the torus due to the violation of hydrostatic equilibrium. The inner cusp enables an accretion onto the central object. The influence of the repulsive cosmological constant, Λ > 0, on the equipotential surfaces lies in the existence of the outer cusp (with a stabilizing effect on the thick discs) and in the strong collimation of open equipotential surfaces along the rotational axis. Both the effects take place near a so-called static radius where the gravitational attraction is just balanced by the cosmic repulsion. The outer cusp enables excretion, i.e., the outflow of matter from the torus into the outer space. The plus-family discs (which are always co-rotating in the black-hole backgrounds but can be counter-rotating, even with negative energy of the fluid elements, in some naked-singularity backgrounds) are thicker and more extended than the minus-family ones (which are always counter-rotating in all backgrounds). For co-rotating discs in the naked-singularity spacetimes, the potential well between the centre of the disc and its edges at the cusps is usually much higher than in the black-hole spacetimes. If the parameters of naked-singularity spacetimes are very close to the parameters of extreme black-hole spacetimes, the family of possible disc-like configurations includes members with two isolated discs where the inner one is always a counter-rotating accretion disc.
Prospective Observational Study of Evaluating Cisplatin-Induced Ototoxicity in Patients

Introduction Platinum-based chemotherapeutic agents cisplatin and carboplatin are two of the most widely used drugs in cancer today. They display wide range of adverse reactions; among them, ototoxicity is an important cumulative toxicity that more commonly observed with cisplatin. At a later stage, it can affect speech of individual and lead to communication problem with decreased cognitive function and depression in cancer survivors. Periodic monitoring of hearing loss with pure-tone audiometry (PTA) provides early evidence of ototoxicity which may decrease debilitating effect of the same in a patient. Objective The primary objective of this study was to assess cisplatin-induced ototoxicity. We also investigated its severity, reversibility, and other modifying risk factors. Materials and Methods We conducted a prospective observational descriptive type of epidemiological study. The study was conducted over 80 randomly selected cancer patients (for estimation of sample size, the following formula was used n = [Zα 2 PQ] / d 2), who were starting with their first cycle of cisplatin from August 2018 to July 2020. This study was conducted at tertiary cancer care center in western Gujarat which caters patients from all over India. We performed PTA in all randomized patients at baseline and periodically. We classified hearing loss according to the World Health Organization (WHO) criteria. Results A total of 30% (n = 24) patients developed cisplatin-induced ototoxicity according to WHO criteria at end of 3 months after starting the first cycle of cisplatin. It was sensory neuronal, affecting both the ears equally, and was seen predominantly at high frequency. We observed hearing loss at 3 months to be significantly more common in the 301 to 400 mg/m2 cumulative dose group (47%), as compared with the other two groups (0–200 mg/m2 and 201–300 mg/m2; p < 0.05). It showed dose dependency with cisplatin. In the multivariate step-wise regression model, baseline hearing loss (odds ratio [OR] = 17.71, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 6.57–118.91, p < 0.05) and cumulative cisplatin dose of more than 300 mg/m2 were significantly associated with hearing loss at 3 months (OR = 6.62, 95% CI: 2.33–18.74, p < 0.05). Conclusion Cisplatin-induced ototoxicity manifests as a bilateral high frequency sensorineural hearing loss. Cumulative dose of cisplatin is an important predictor of development of ototoxicity. Baseline and periodic audiometric monitoring could detect ototoxicity early which leads to possible limitation on the severity of ototoxicity.
Calibrating the Cepheid Period-Luminosity relation from the infrared surface brightness technique II. The effect of metallicity, and the distance to the LMC

Context. The extragalactic distance scale builds directly on the Cepheid period-luminosity (PL) relation as delineated by the sample of Cepheids in the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC). However, the LMC is a dwarf irregular galaxy, quite different from the massive spiral galaxies used for calibrating the extragalactic distance scale. Recent investigations suggest that not only the zero-point but also the slope of the Milky Way PL relation differ significantly from that of the LMC, casting doubts on the universality of the Cepheid PL relation. Aims. We want to make a differential comparison of the PL relations in the two galaxies by delineating the PL relations using the same method, the infrared surface brightness method (IRSB), and the same precepts. We furthermore extend the metallicity baseline for investigating the zero-point dependence, by applying the method to five SMC Cepheids as well. Methods. The IRSB method is a Baade-Wesselink type method to determine individual distances to Cepheids. We apply a newly revised calibration of the method as described in an accompanying paper (Paper I) to 36 LMC and five SMC Cepheids and delineate new PL relations in the V,I, J, & K bands as well as in the Wesenheit indices in the optical and near-IR. Results. We present 509 new and accurate radial velocity measurements for a sample of 22 LMC Cepheids, enlarging our earlier sample of 14 stars to include 36 LMC Cepheids. The new calibration of the IRSB method is directly tied to the recent HST parallax measurements to ten Milky Way Cepheids, and we find a LMC barycenter distance modulus of 18.45 ± 0.04 (random error only) from the 36 individual LMC Cepheid distances. In the J,K bands we find identical slopes for the LMC and Milky Way PL relations and only a weak letallicity effect on the zero points (consistent with a zero effect), metal poor stars being fainter. In the optical we find the Milky Way slopes are slightly shallower than the LMC slopes (but again consistent with no difference in the slopes) and small effects on the zero points. However, the important Wesenheit index in V, (V − I) shows a metallicity effect on the slope and on the zero point which is likely to be significant. Conclusions. We find a significant metallicity effect on the WVI index γ(WVI ) = −0.23 ± 0.10 mag dex −1 as well as an effect on the slope. The K-band PL relation on the other hand is found to be an excellent extragalactic standard candle being metallicity insensitive in both slope and zero-point and at the same time being reddening insensitive and showing the least internal dispersion.
The Influence of Capital Structure, Liquidity, and Company Size on Sulselbar Bank's Profitability

The purpose of this study is to analyze and determine the effect of the capital structure is measured using financial ratios, specifically the debt-to-equity ratio (DER). Liquidity, or often known as working capital ratio, is measured through current assets (current ratio), and company size is seen from the total assets owned by the company, which can be used to carry out company operations, against profitability to assess the company's ability to make a profit in a certain period by using Return on Investment, Return on Assets, Profit Margin, and Return on Equity. Secondary data is used from the financial statements of Sulselbar bank for the period 2017–2021. Data analysis techniques use multiple linear regression with the help of SPSS 24. The results and findings of the research show that the capital structure proxied by DER and DAR has no effect on the profitability of Sulselbar Bank, while liquidity proxied with Current Ratio, Quick Ratio, and Cash Ratio partially has a significant effect on profitability, while the size of the company proxied with Ln Total Assets partially has no effect on the profitability of Sulselbar Bank proxied with ROA, ROI, and ROE. The capital structure, liquidity, and company size together affect the profitability of Sulselbar bank. The predictor variable is able to explain the model with an adjusted R Square value of 50%, while the remaining 50% is explained by factors that are not included in this study model.
Pathomechanism of Triangular Fibrocartilage Complex Injuries in Patients with Distal-Radius Fractures: A Magnetic-Resonance Imaging Study

Injury to the triangular fibrocartilage complex (TFCC) is one of the most common complications following a fracture of the distal radius. In this study, an examination of TFCC injuries in patients with distal-radius fractures was conducted using magnetic-resonance imaging (MRI); the aim of the study was to analyze the prevalence of TFCC injury as well as to suggest acceptable radiologic parameters for use in prediction of the injury pattern. Fifty-eight patients with distal-radius fractures who underwent MRI prior to undergoing open-reduction surgery between April 2020 and July 2021 were included in this study. An analysis of various radiologic parameters, the fracture type, and the MRI classification of TFCC injuries was performed. Radiologic parameters were used in the evaluation of distal radioulnar joint (DRUJ), radial shortening, and the dorsal angularity of the fracture. All of the patients in this study had definite traumatic TFCC injuries. A statistical relationship was observed between the radial length gap between the intact wrist and the injured wrist, which represents relative radial shortening, and the pattern of TFCC injury. In conclusion, the shortening of the distal radius, causing peripheral soft tissue of the ulnar side to become tauter, is highly relevant with regard to the pattern of TFCC injury. However, because no data on the clinical outcome were utilized in this study, it is lacking in clinical perspective. The conduct of further studies on patients’ clinical outcome will be necessary.
Nonequilibrium critical dynamics in inhomogeneous systems

We study nonequilibrium dynamical properties of inhomogeneous systems, in particular at a free surface or at a defect plane. Thereby we consider nonconserved (model-A) dynamics of a system which is prepared in the high-temperature phase and quenched into the critical point. Using Monte Carlo simulations we measure single spin relaxation and autocorrelations, as well as manifold autocorrelations and persistence. We show that, depending on the decay of critical static correlations, the short time dynamics can be of two kinds. For slow decay of local correlations the usual domain growth process takes place with non-stationary and algebraic dynamical correlations. If, however, the local correlations decay sufficiently rapidly we have the so called cluster dissolution scenario, in which case short time dynamical correlations are stationary and have a universal stretched exponential form. This latter phenomenon takes place in the surface of the three-dimensional Ising model and should be observable in real ferromagnets.
Self-Organization of Porphyrin–POM Dyads: Nonplanar Diacids and Oxoanions in Low-Dimensional H-Bonding Networks

Coordinating the spatial arrangement of electroactive partners is crucial to designable molecular electronics and photonics. Porphyrins are ubiquitous reaction centers in nature; synthetic porphyrins, in the crystallographic solid state, are often coerced into monolithic stacks, inhibiting reactivity. Using the principles of self-organization, and by exploiting charge-balance principles, we can manipulate nonplanar porphyrins into one- and two-dimensional hydrogen-bonded polymers, with polyoxometalate (POM) and bifunctional counter-anions serving as linkers. Herein, we report 11 crystal structures as a systematic study of the interactions between dodecasubstituted porphyrin acids and nonstandard counterions, as well as the induced conformations in the porphyrin core. We can show that this hydrogen bond chelate is a viable method of organizing electroactive centers into filaments and monolayers for surface deposition and ultrathin devices.
Laguerre Calculus and Its Applications on the Heisenberg Group

The Laguerre calculus Estimates for powers of the sub-Laplacian Estimates for the spectrum projection operators of the sub-Laplacian The inverse of the operator $\square_{\alpha} = {\sum}^n_{j=1}({X^2_j} - {X^2_{j+n}}) - 2i{\alpha}$T The explicit solution of the $\bar{\partial}$-Neumann problem in a non-isotropic Siegel domain Injectivity of the Pompeiu transform in the isotropic H$_n$ Morera-type theorems for holomorphic $\mathcal H^p$ spaces in H$_n$ (I) Morera-type theorems for holomorphic $\mathcal H^p$ spaces in H$_n$ (II).
Dynamics of a class of vortex rings

The contour dynamics method is extended to vortex rings with vorticity varying linearly from the symmetry axis. An elliptic core model is also developed to explain some of the basic physics. Passage and collisions of two identical rings are studied focusing on core deformation, sound generation and stirring of fluid elements. With respect to core deformation, not only the strain rate but how rapidly it varies is important and accounts for greater susceptibility to vortex tearing than in two dimensions. For slow strain, as a passage interaction is completed and the strain relaxes, the cores return to their original shape while permanent deformations remain for rapidly varying strain. For collisions, if the strain changes slowly the core shapes migrate through a known family of two-dimensional steady vortex pairs up to the limiting member of the family. Thereafter energy conservation does not allow the cores to maintain a constant shape. For rapidly varying strain, core deformation is severe and a head-tail structure in good agreement with experiments is formed. With respect to sound generation, good agreement with the measured acoustic signal for colliding rings is obtained and a feature previously thought to be due to viscous effects is shown to be an effect of inviscid core deformation alone. For passage interactions, a component of high frequency is present. Evidence for the importance of this noise source in jet noise spectra is provided. Finally, processes of fluid engulfment and rejection for an unsteady vortex ring are studied using the stable and unstable manifolds. The unstable manifold shows excellent agreement with flow visualization experiments for leapfrogging rings suggesting that it may be a good tool for numerical flow visualization in other time periodic flows.
Serendipitous discovery of the unidentified extended TeV gamma-ray source HESS J1303-631

The serendipitous discovery of an unidentified extended TeV γ-ray source close to the galactic plane named HESS J1303-631 at a significance of 21 standard deviations is reported. The observations were performed between February and June 2004 with the HESS stereoscopic system of Cherenkov telescopes in Namibia. HESS J1303-631 was discovered roughly 0.6 ◦ north of the binary system PSR B1259-63/SS 2883, the target object of the initial observation campaign which was also detected at TeV energies in the same field of view. HESS J1303-631 is extended with a width of an assumed intrinsic Gaussian emission profile of σ = (0.16 ± 0.02) ◦ and the integral flux above 380 GeV is compatible with constant emission over the entire observational period of (17 ± 3)% of the Crab Nebula flux. The measured energy spectrum can be described by a power-law dN/dE ∼ E −Γ with a photon index of Γ= 2.44 ± 0.05stat ± 0.2syst. Up to now, no counterpart at other wavelengths is identified. Various possible TeV production scenarios are discussed.
Birding recreation specialization – A test of the factorial invariance in eight languages

Abstract Birding specialization can be measured alongside a continuum from the beginner to the specialist. The structure of birding specialization has three dimensions: (1) skill/knowledge, (2) behavior, and (3) psychological commitment. We tested the factorial structure and factorial invariance of the birding specialization scale in traditional and simplified Chinese, Finnish, German, Italian, Polish, Portuguese, and Spanish birders. A total of 2,913 (32% women) birdwatchers participated in this study. In all languages, the hierarchical factorial structure with three sub-factors and one general factor was satisfactory. We found support for configural invariance in all languages, metric invariance in some language comparisons, but no support for scalar invariance. Therefore, the construct can be applied in all languages, but comparisons of means should be done with caution. Further translation should try to seek the same configural invariance, but also aim for metric and scalar invariance.
Polarization measurements of five pulsars with interpulses

We present polarization observations of five pulsars whose profiles exhibit two distinct emission regions separated by close to 180 ◦ of longitude. We fitted the position angle of the linear polarization using the rotating vector model and convincingly show that all the pulsars have the angle between their magnetic and rotation axes close to 90 ◦ . The simplest interpretation of the results is that we see ‘main pulse’ emission from one pole and ‘interpulse’ emission from the opposite pole. We have attempted to produce emission maps of the magnetosphere above the polar caps for each pulsar and find that the maps support the view that the emission region in pulsars is complex, even when the profile appears simple. For three pulsars, we can derive emission heights and polar maps which are consistent with emission regions located symmetrically about the magnetic axis and confined to the open field lines. For two pulsars, we find that either the emission arises from ‘closed’ field lines or that the profiles are highly asymmetric with respect to the magnetic axis.
The Volatilities of Chinese and American Trade with Africa: Which Country’s Trade Volatility is the Most Influential?

Abstract This paper examines the relative influence of the volatilities of Chinese and American trade with Africa, by exploring the volatilities, their comovements, and four potential international drivers that can increase or decrease the volatilities. The drivers considered are Euro Area’s trade with Africa; U.S. recessions; economic globalization; and fluctuations in China’s economy. The paper employs the dynamic conditional correlation (DCC-) generalized autoregressive conditional heteroscedasticity (GARCH) model and monthly data spanning 1970M1 to 2020M07. The results show that, without controlling for drivers, the volatilities of Chinese and American trade with Africa are quite high, with similar magnitudes and significant comovements. When drivers are controlled for, Euro Area’s trade does not influence the volatilities significantly. However, America’s recessions make Chinese trade volatility to become higher, while economic globalization makes it to become lower, relative to America’s trade volatility. These results imply that Chinese trade volatility is more influential than America’s trade volatility, due to two international drivers. Furthermore, fluctuations in China’s economy significantly influence the trade volatility of China itself and the trade volatility of the bigger economy, the U.S., which confirms China’s significant international influence. One of the key policy implications of these findings is that globalization does not necessarily increase trade volatility in all contexts. This paper provides new evidence that in the context of a single trade market, globalization is an antidote of trade volatility because it involves the availability of diverse markets across the global economy, which consequently reduces the panic of traders within the single market.
Improving in-patient neonatal data quality as a pre-requisite for monitoring and improving quality of care at scale: A multisite retrospective cohort study in Kenya

The objectives of this study were to (1)explore the quality of clinical data generated from hospitals providing in-patient neonatal care participating in a clinical information network (CIN) and whether data improved over time, and if data are adequate, (2)characterise accuracy of prescribing for basic treatments provided to neonatal in-patients over time. This was a retrospective cohort study involving neonates ≤28 days admitted between January 2018 and December 2021 in 20 government hospitals with an interquartile range of annual neonatal inpatient admissions between 550 and 1640 in Kenya. These hospitals participated in routine audit and feedback processes on quality of documentation and care over the study period. The study’s outcomes were the number of patients as a proportion of all eligible patients over time with (1)complete domain-specific documentation scores, and (2)accurate domain-specific treatment prescription scores at admission, reported as incidence rate ratios. 80,060 neonatal admissions were eligible for inclusion. Upon joining CIN, documentation scores in the monitoring, other physical examination and bedside testing, discharge information, and maternal history domains demonstrated a statistically significant month-to-month relative improvement in number of patients with complete documentation of 7.6%, 2.9%, 2.4%, and 2.0% respectively. There was also statistically significant month-to-month improvement in prescribing accuracy after joining the CIN of 2.8% and 1.4% for feeds and fluids but not for Antibiotic prescriptions. Findings suggest that much of the variation observed is due to hospital-level factors. It is possible to introduce tools that capture important clinical data at least 80% of the time in routine African hospital settings but analyses of such data will need to account for missingness using appropriate statistical techniques. These data allow exploration of trends in performance and could support better impact evaluation, exploration of links between health system inputs and outcomes and scrutiny of variation in quality and outcomes of hospital care.