Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Relativistic regular two‐component Hamiltonians

In this paper, potential‐dependent transformations are used to transform the four‐component Dirac Hamiltonian to effective two‐component regular Hamiltonians. To zeroth order, the expansions give second order differential equations (just like the Schrodinger equation), which already contain the most important relativistic effects, including spin–orbit coupling. One of the zero order Hamiltonians is identical to the one obtained earlier by Chang, Pelissier, and Durand [Phys. Scr. 34, 394 (1986)]. Self‐consistent all‐electron and frozen‐core calculations are performed as well as first order perturbation calculations for the case of the uranium atom using these Hamiltonians. They give very accurate results, especially for the one‐electron energies and densities of the valence orbitals.
Evaluation of solar radio bursts' effect on GPS receiver signal tracking within International GPS Service network

The direct interference from solar radio bursts (SRB) has not usually been considered as a potential threat to global positioning system (GPS) signal tracking, since the flux densities of most bursts are below 40,000 solar flux units (sfu), a threat threshold to GPS L1 frequency proposed by Klobuchar et al. (1999). Recent analysis indicated that a much lower threshold should be adopted for codeless or semicodeless dual‐frequency GPS receivers. In this investigation, severe signal corruptions were found at dayside International GPS Service GPS receiver stations during a large solar radio burst that accompanied the super flare of 28 October 2003. Almost no GPS L2 signals were tracked during the solar flux peak time for areas near the subsolar point. Correlation analysis was performed between the rate of loss of lock on GPS L2 frequency and solar radio flux density at different bands, and a correlation index as high as 0.75 is revealed in the 1415 MHz solar radiation band, which is located between the two GPS operating frequencies L2 (1227.60 MHz) and L1 (1575.42 MHz). The correlation analysis indicates that GPS signal losses of lock were primarily caused by microwave in‐band interference and that the threat threshold of SRB effects on the GPS system should be re‐evaluated, since the flux density of the burst at 1415 MHz was just 4,000–12,000 sfu, which is far below the previously proposed threat threshold. The signal‐tracking performance of different types of GPS receivers during such a super flare event is also presented.
Complement Component C3 Variant (R102G) and the Risk of Neo- vascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration in a Tunisian Population Komplementkomponente C3-Variante (R102G) und das Risiko für exsudative altersbedingte Makuladegeneration in der tunesischen Bevölkerung

Purpose To explore the association between the polymorphism (S/F) p.R102G in the complement component 3 (C3) gene and age-related macular degeneration (AMD) in a Tunisian population. Methods Themolecular study was performed by polymerase chain reaction using sequence-specific primers (PCR‐SSP) in 207 control subjects free of any eye disease (fundus normal) and 145 patients with exudative AMD. The CH50 activity and quantification of C3 and C4 have beenmade by technical homemethod and nephelometry, respectively. Results The prevalence of C3 GG genotype polymorphism was significantly higher in AMD patients compared to controls (OR: 2.41, IC 95% [1.90–3.05], p = 0.0007). However, no correlation was found between this allelic variant and the type of neovascularization. Similarly, there is no association between this polymorphism and the presence of functional and/or quantitative hypocomplementemia. Conclusions The C3 GG genotype of the gene could be a susceptibility factor for AMD in the Tunisian population. However, it does not seem to influence the clinical profile of the disease.
Conditions at the expanded Jovian magnetopause and implications for the solar wind interaction

[1] Using idealized models of the magnetosheath and magnetosphere magnetic fields, plasma densities, and plasma flow, we test for the steady state viability of processes mediating the interaction between the solar wind and the Jovian magnetosphere. The magnetopause is modeled as an asymmetric paraboloid with variable asymmetry. The subsolar standoff of the magnetopause has been shown to exhibit a bimodal probability distribution (Joy et al., 2002). Only the expanded magnetopause is considered, with a standoff of ∼90 RJ. We test where on the magnetopause surface large-scale reconnection may be affected by either a shear flow or diamagnetic drift due to a pressure gradient across the magnetopause boundary. We also test for the onset of the Kelvin-Helmholtz instability. We find that reconnection is inhibited on the dawn flank due to the large shear flows in this region, regardless of magnetopause shape or interplanetary magnetic field orientation. The presence of a high energy plasma population in the magnetosphere may inhibit reconnection over much of the magnetopause area, except when the fields are antiparallel. Additionally, most of the dawn flank of the magnetopause is Kelvin-Helmholtz unstable, regardless of magnetopause asymmetry; and the dusk flank tailward of the planet is Kelvin-Helmholtz unstable when the magnetopause is highly oblate.
Computational Analysis of Unsteady Flow-fleld Induced by Plasma Actuator in Burst Mode

In order to clarify the important phenomenon for the burst mode effect of the plasma actuator on the control of leading edge separation over an airfoil, The flow-field controlled by plasma actuator over the NACA0015 airfoil is analyzed using Large Eddy Simulation. While the flow has the large bubble near the airfoil leading edge in normal mode, the bubble is shorter than normal mode in burst mode. In addition, observing the process of controlling the previously separated flow, it is clarified that the free stream directional strong vortices are induced by the span directional vortex generated by the plasma actuator in burst mode, and it transfers momentum from the free stream to the boundary layer.
Hybrid Processing Combining Electrostatic Levitation and Laser Heating: Application to Terrestrial Analogues of Asteroid Materials

Electrostatic levitation combined with laser heating is becoming a mature technique that has been used for several fundamental and applied studies in fluid and materials sciences (synthesis, property determination, solidification studies, atomic dynamic studies, etc.). This is attributable to the numerous processing conditions (containerless, wide heating temperature range, cooling rates, atmospheric compositions, etc.) that levitation and radiative heating offer, as well as to the variety of diagnostics tools that can be used. In this paper, we describe the facility, highlighting the combined advantages of electrostatic levitation and laser processing. The various capabilities of the facility are discussed and are exemplified with the measurements of the density of selected iron-nickel alloys taken over the liquid phase.
Search for surface magnetic fields in Mira stars: first results on χ Cyg

Abstract So far, surface magnetic fields have never been reported on Mira stars, while observational facilities allowing detection and measurement of weak surface fields through the Zeeman effect have become available. Then, in order to complete the knowledge of the magnetic field and of its influence during the transition from Asymptotic Giant Branch (AGB) to Planetary Nebulae (PN) stages, we have undertaken a search for magnetic fields at the surface of Miras. We present the first spectropolarimetric observations (performed with the Narval instrument at Télescope Bernard Lyot-TBL, Pic du Midi, France) of the S-type Mira star χ Cyg. We have detected a polarimetric signal in the Stokes V spectra and we have established its Zeeman origin. We claim that it is likely to be related to a weak magnetic field present at the photospheric level and in the lower part of the stellar atmosphere. The origin of this magnetic field is discussed in the framework of shock waves periodically propagating throughout the atmosphere of a Mira.
Galactic bulges: overview

Abstract This overview of galactic bulges begins with a discussion of the various kinds of bulges (classical, boxy/peanut-shaped, pseudo) and their likely formation mechanisms. Other specific topics include the Galactic bar/bulge and its chemical evolution, the bulge of M31, the relation between bulges and metal-poor halos (often lumped together as spheroids), the morphology-density relation and the formation of S0 galaxies, the color-structure bimodality, and scaling laws for bulges. Finally I will briefly discuss the current difficulty of forming bulgeless disk galaxies in ΛCDM.
Uniaxial stress splitting of photoluminescence transitions at optical centres in cubic crystals: theory and application to diamond

The uniaxial stress splitting of an optical transition observed in photoluminescence may be substantially different from the stress splitting of the same transition observed in absorption. This paper tabulates the splitting of photoluminescence transitions occurring at optical centres in cubic crystals. The results are illustrated by four examples using diamond as the host lattice.
Higher‐order solutions of square driven cavity flow using a variable‐order multi‐grid method

A new higher-order method is devised for the numerical simulation of square driven cavity flows. The spatial derivatives of the Navier-Stokes equations are discretized by means of the modified differential quadrature (MDQ) method. The resulting system of ordinary differential equations (ODEs) in time is then integrated by the classical fourth-order Runge–Kutta–Gill (RKG) scheme. The elliptic (Poisson) equation is solved by means of a new variable-order multi-grid method. The numerical simulations of the square driven cavity flows are carried out with spatial order of accuracy up to 10th order. The results suggest that the higher-order solutions are more reliable than the well-known results obtained by Ghia et al.
Down syndrome patients with normal hearts: are they really normal?

Even though congenital heart disease is a common finding in down syndrome (DS) patients, some of them have anatomically normal hearts. However, the term “normal” might not be suitable, as these patients usually suffer from functional cardiac dysfunction. Several research highlighted that despite the absence of anatomical heart defects, subtle cardiac function derangements are present in DS patients. We aim to assess cardiac functions by Two-dimensional echocardiography and tissue Doppler imaging (TDI) in pediatric DS patients who have anatomically normal hearts. One hundred seventy-two patients with karyotyping confirmed DS with anatomically normal hearts and 165 healthy normal control children were enrolled in the current study. Their cardiac functions were assessed using both 2-dimensional echocardiography and TDI. Both patients and controls had structurally and anatomically normal hearts. In DS patients, the right side of the heart showed a significant reduction in both systolic and diastolic functions. Systolic dysfunction was evident by significantly decreased levels of Tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion and systolic wave by TDI. Diastolic dysfunction of the right ventricle was evident by prolonged deceleration time by conventional echocardiography and a significant decrease in annular tissue doppler velocity during early diastole/late diastole ratio by TDI. The E/De ratio was significantly increased. Even with anatomically normal hearts, DS patients should undergo cardiac function assessment by echocardiography & TDI. TDI is superior to conventional echocardiography in detecting subtle cardiac dysfunction especially left ventricular diastolic dysfunction in DS patients. TDI showed a significant decrease in the early/atrial ratio of mitral valve annulus and prolongation of left ventricle isometric relaxation time in DS children. Also, the left ventricle E/De ratio was prolonged denoting elevated filling pressures and diastolic dysfunction. This indicates that the TDI has higher sensitivity to detect diastolic dysfunction than conventional Echocardiography. Biventricular TDI-derived myocardial performance index was found to be significantly increased in DS children.
Effects of intensive speech treatment on Mandarin speakers with Parkinson’s Disease: A review

Background: Benefits of intensive speech treatment have been documented for a range of speech signs in English speakers with Parkinson’s Disease (PD). However, the answer to a critical question that whether the same treatment benefits speech variables including intelligibility in Mandarin speakers is still unclear. In order to develop a targeted speech treatment for Mandarin speakers with PD, we reviewed the efficacy of intensive speech treatment to improve vocal loudness and functional communication and discuss possible explanations for efficacy on Mandarin speakers with PD. Methods: Literatures about intensive speech treatment for Mandarin speakers with PD were retrieved from PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang and Weipu Database for Chinese Technical Periodicals (VIP) Database. Search strategy was (voice therapy OR speech therapy OR voice treatment OR speech treatment OR voice training OR speech training OR voice rehabilitation OR speech rehabilitation OR Lee Silverman voice treatment OR intensive speech treatment) and (Parkinson’s disease) and (Mandarin speakers OR Chinese OR Chinese people). Results: Five randomized controlled trials were selected and possible explanations for efficacy on individuals with PD are discussed. Further research directions are suggested. Conclusion: The existing evidence from treatment efficacy studies of intensive speech treatment provides support for improving vocal loudness, speech intelligibility, pitch and rate in Mandarin speakers with PD. Our future research will continue to work to conduct a large sample multicenter randomized controlled trial to provide high quality evidence and understand the basic mechanisms accompanying treatment-related change.
Shape-controllable polymeric microlens array duplicated by electrostatic force deformed template

Abstract. Here, we introduced a new method to fabricate a shape-controllable microlens array (MLA). A conductive membrane was deformed by electrostatic force through applied voltage on its underneath electrodes, and polymer primer was poured in this concave template to form an MLA after curing and a demolding process. Through changing the initial contour of the template as well as the location and bias of the underneath electrodes, the so-called molding by electrostatic force deformed template (MEFDT) method has the ability to realize a shape-controllable microsized MLA in a flexible, easy-to-design, and low-cost way. Polydimethylsiloxane MLAs were fabricated to verify this MEFDT method, and the fabricated MLAs had a surface roughness less than 2 nm that showed acceptable optical smoothness, and their focal lengths were demonstrated to be adjustable by applying different voltage on their affiliated templates.
Orthogonal transformations for which topological equivalence implies linear equivalence

THEOREM A. Let Rv R2^ 0(n) have order k = /2 m , where I is odd and m > 0. Suppose that (a) JRJ and R2 are topologically equivalent, and (b) each eigenvalue of R\ and R2 is either 1 or a primitive 2 th root of unity. Then Rt and R2 are linearly equivalent. If G is a group and pt, p2' G —• 0(n) are orthogonal representations, we say pj and p2 are topologically (resp. linearly) equivalent if there is a homeomorphism (resp. linear automorphism) ƒ: R —» R", /(O) = 0, such that
Chemical order-disorder nanodomains in Fe3Pt bulk alloy

Abstract Chemical ordering is a common phenomenon and highly correlated with the properties of solid materials. By means of the redistribution of atoms and chemical bonds, it invokes an effective lattice adjustment and tailors corresponding physical properties. To date, however, directly probing the 3D interfacial interactions of chemical ordering remains a big challenge. In this work, we deciphered the interlaced distribution of nanosized domains with chemical order/disorder in Fe3Pt bulk alloy. HAADF-STEM images evidence the existence of such nanodomains. The reverse Monte Carlo method with the X-ray pair distribution function data reveal the 3D distribution of local structures and the tensile effect in the disordered domains at the single-atomic level. The chemical bonding around the domain boundary changes the bonding feature in the disordered side and reduces the local magnetic moment of Fe atoms. This results in a suppressed negative thermal expansion and extended temperature range in Fe3Pt bulk alloy with nanodomains. Our study demonstrates a local revelation for the chemical order/disorder nanodomains in bulk alloy. The understanding gained from atomic short-range interactions within the domain boundaries provides useful insights with regard to designing new functional compounds.
Meta-analysis of the occurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma after the treatment of entecavir and tenofovir for chronic hepatitis B

Background: Tenofovir and Entecavir are recommended as the first-line medicine of treatment for chronic hepatitis B. The occurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma after the treatment of chronic hepatitis B is a major problem. For the time being it is still unclear whether there remains a difference in risk correlation of hepatocellular carcinoma after the treatment of Tenofovir and Entecavir for chronic hepatitis B. Since previous studies have raised different ideas, this article aims to come to a conclusion targeting such a topic through analyzing the latest data. Methods: We searched some databases, such as PubMed, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library, for related studies on patients with chronic hepatitis B receiving the treatment of Tenofovir and Entecavir and then developing hepatocellular carcinoma. The search time was set to begin from the establishment time of the above-mentioned databases to May 2022. Two researchers were designated to screen the literature independently according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria set in this study; they then evaluated the quality of the literature included and extracted the data. Revman 5.3 software was used for meta-analysis. Results: After screening the literature, a total of 20 pieces of cohort study literature conformed to the inclusion criteria. Among which were 62,860 cases of patients receiving Entecavir, and 27,544 cases of patients receiving Tenofovir; there were 3669 cases with the occurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma in the Entecavir group and 1089 cases with the occurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma in Tenofovir group. The result of Meta analysis of these 20 pieces of literature shows that compared with the Tenofovir group, the Entecavir group has a lower occurrence rate of hepatocellular carcinoma, and the difference is statistically significant. The results are expressed as odd ratio (OR) and 95% confident interval (95%CI), (OR = 1.66, 95%CI: 1.35–2.05, P < .05). The result of Meta analysis of 10 studies related to Korea shows that the occurrence rate of hepatocellular carcinoma in the Tenofovir group is lower than that of the Entecavir group, and the difference is statistically significant (OR = 1.59, 95%CI: 1.29–1.95, P < .05). The result of meta-analysis of 5 studies related to China shows that the occurrence rate of hepatocellular carcinoma of Tenofovir group is lower than that of Entecavir group, and the difference is statistically significant (OR = 2.35, 95%CI: 1.15–4.81, P < .05). Conclusion: The occurrence rate of hepatocellular carcinoma after the treatment of tenofovir for chronic hepatitis B is lower than that of the treatment of entecavir.
Simple screening model based on electrocardiogram for patients with dilated cardiomyopathy

Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is one of the most common causes of heart failure. Therefore, screening and early diagnosis of potential DCM patients is beneficial. Electrocardiogram (ECG) can be an inexpensive and easily available screening tool. We aimed to construct a simple screening model for DCM based on electrocardiogram. In this retrospective observational study, we consecutively enrolled 117 DCM patients between July 1, 2016 and July 1, 2021 as the DCM group, while 117 patients hospitalized in the same period with normal echocardiography and ECG were selected as the non-DCM group. Patients were randomly assigned to the training and validation sets at 8:2. ECG parameters of left ventricular related leads were exacted. Logistic regression was performed to evaluate screening indicators of ECG parameters and a nomogram was conducted. The screening ability of the model was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic analysis. Furthermore, the nomogram was assessed using calibration curve and decision curve analysis. Screening indicators included in the nomogram were the amplitude of S wave in V1 and V3 leads, the amplitude of R wave in aVF and V6 leads, and PR interval. The nomogram performed satisfactory discrimination in the training (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve = 0.904) and validation (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve = 0.878) sets and good calibration (Hosmer–Lemeshow P = .066). Decision curve analysis demonstrated the model can generate a net benefit of 0.33 when the threshold probability was 0.543. The nomogram based on electrocardiogram is a simple and practical screening tool for potential DCM patients.
The nonlinear Schrödinger equation as a resonant normal form

Averaging theory is used to study the dynamics of dispersive equations taking the nonlinear Klein Gordon equation on the line as a model problem: For approximatively monochromatic initial data of amplitude $\epsilon$, we show that the corresponding solution consists of two non interacting wave packets, each one being described by a nonlinear Schrodinger equation. Such solutions are also proved to be stable over times of order $1/ \epsilon^2$. We think that this approach puts into a new light the problem of obtaining modulations equations for general dispersive equations. The proof of our results requires a new use of normal forms as a tool for constructing approximate solutions.