Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Challenging abortion stigma: framing abortion in Ireland and Poland

Abstract Abortion stigma, while observable as a global phenomenon, is constructed locally through various pathways and institutions, and at the intersection of transnational and local discourses. Stigmatisation of abortion has been challenged in varied ways by pro-choice adherents. This article investigates strategies for identifying and opposing stigmatisation of abortion in Ireland and Poland, focusing on campaigns aimed in one context, at repealing a near total prohibition of abortion, and in another, on resisting further restrictions concerning reproductive rights. We examine how mobilisation on sexual and reproductive health (SRH) in both contexts worked to address stigma and discrimination in SRH, drawing on the concept of framing and showing similarities between these two national contexts. Our analysis explains how the logic of inclusion and exclusion works in efforts at destigmatising abortion.
Feasibility of synthetic computed tomography generated with an adversarial network for multi-sequence magnetic resonance-based brain radiotherapy

ABSTRACT The aim of this work is to generate synthetic computed tomography (sCT) images from multi-sequence magnetic resonance (MR) images using an adversarial network and to assess the feasibility of sCT-based treatment planning for brain radiotherapy. Datasets for 15 patients with glioblastoma were selected and 580 pairs of CT and MR images were used. T1-weighted, T2-weighted and fluid-attenuated inversion recovery MR sequences were combined to create a three-channel image as input data. A conditional generative adversarial network (cGAN) was trained using image patches. The image quality was evaluated using voxel-wise mean absolute errors (MAEs) of the CT number. For the dosimetric evaluation, 3D conformal radiotherapy (3D-CRT) and volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) plans were generated using the original CT set and recalculated using the sCT images. The isocenter dose and dose–volume parameters were compared for 3D-CRT and VMAT plans, respectively. The equivalent path length was also compared. The mean MAEs for the whole body, soft tissue and bone region were 108.1 ± 24.0, 38.9 ± 10.7 and 366.2 ± 62.0 hounsfield unit, respectively. The dosimetric evaluation revealed no significant difference in the isocenter dose for 3D-CRT plans. The differences in the dose received by 2% of the volume (D2%), D50% and D98% relative to the prescribed dose were <1.0%. The overall equivalent path length was shorter than that for real CT by 0.6 ± 1.9 mm. A treatment planning study using generated sCT detected only small, clinically negligible differences. These findings demonstrated the feasibility of generating sCT images for MR-only radiotherapy from multi-sequence MR images using cGAN.
Conflicting perspectives mediate the relation between parents' and preschoolers' self-referent mental state talk during collaboration.

We examined the relations between the referent of parents and preschoolers' mental state talk during a collaborative puzzle-solving task (N = 146 dyads; n = 81 3-year-olds, n = 65 4-year-olds). The results showed that parents' references to their own knowledge and beliefs (self-referent cognitive talk), and references to their child's knowledge and beliefs (child-referent cognitive talk) were both related to children's (primarily self-referent) cognitive talk. We then tested whether any of the observed relations could be explained by the presence of conflicting perspectives within the collaborative interaction. Mediational analyses revealed that conflicting perspectives mediated the positive relation between parents' production of self-referent cognitive talk and child cognitive talk. By contrast, the positive relation between parents' production of child-referent cognitive talk and child cognitive talk did not depend on the presence of this type of conflict. These findings highlight an important mechanism through which parents' references to their own mind might promote children's developing mental state talk in collaborative contexts.
Effects of social defeat stress and fluoxetine treatment on neurogenesis and behaviour in mice that lack zinc transporter 3 (ZnT3) and vesicular zinc

Depression is a leading cause of disability worldwide, in part because the available treatments are inadequate and do not work for many people. The neurobiology of depression, and the mechanism of action of common antidepressant drugs such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), is not well understood. One mechanism thought to underlie the effects of these drugs is upregulation of adult hippocampal neurogenesis. Evidence indicates that vesicular zinc is required for modulation of adult hippocampal neurogenesis, at least under some circumstances. Vesicular zinc refers to zinc that is stored in the synaptic vesicles of certain neurons, including in the hippocampus, and released in response to neuronal activity. It can be eliminated from the brain by deletion of zinc transporter 3 (ZnT3), as is the case in ZnT3 knockout mice. Here, we examined the effects of repeated social defeat stress and subsequent chronic treatment with the SSRI fluoxetine on behaviour and neurogenesis in ZnT3 knockout mice. We hypothesized that fluoxetine treatment would increase neurogenesis and reverse stress-induced behavioural symptoms in wild type, but not ZnT3 knockout, mice. As anticipated, stress induced persistent depression-like effects, including social avoidance and anxiety-like behaviour. Fluoxetine decreased social avoidance, though the effect was not specific to the stressed mice, with no effect on anxiety-like behaviour. Surprisingly, stress increased the survival of neurons born 1 day after the last episode of defeat stress. Fluoxetine treatment also increased cell survival, particularly in wild type mice, though it did not affect proliferation. Our results provide partial support for our hypothesis that vesicular zinc is required for the neurogenic effects of fluoxetine, but did not support our hypothesis that vesicular zinc is required for the behavioural benefits of fluoxetine treatment. These results warrant further investigation into the role of vesicular zinc in adult hippocampal neurogenesis.
Tucatinib, Trastuzumab, and Capecitabine for HER2-Positive Metastatic Breast Cancer.

BACKGROUND Patients with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive metastatic breast cancer who have disease progression after therapy with multiple HER2-targeted agents have limited treatment options. Tucatinib is an investigational, oral, highly selective inhibitor of the HER2 tyrosine kinase. METHODS We randomly assigned patients with HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer previously treated with trastuzumab, pertuzumab, and trastuzumab emtansine, who had or did not have brain metastases, to receive either tucatinib or placebo, in combination with trastuzumab and capecitabine. The primary end point was progression-free survival among the first 480 patients who underwent randomization. Secondary end points, assessed in the total population (612 patients), included overall survival, progression-free survival among patients with brain metastases, confirmed objective response rate, and safety. RESULTS Progression-free survival at 1 year was 33.1% in the tucatinib-combination group and 12.3% in the placebo-combination group (hazard ratio for disease progression or death, 0.54; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.42 to 0.71; P<0.001), and the median duration of progression-free survival was 7.8 months and 5.6 months, respectively. Overall survival at 2 years was 44.9% in the tucatinib-combination group and 26.6% in the placebo-combination group (hazard ratio for death, 0.66; 95% CI, 0.50 to 0.88; P = 0.005), and the median overall survival was 21.9 months and 17.4 months, respectively. Among the patients with brain metastases, progression-free survival at 1 year was 24.9% in the tucatinib-combination group and 0% in the placebo-combination group (hazard ratio, 0.48; 95% CI, 0.34 to 0.69; P<0.001), and the median progression-free survival was 7.6 months and 5.4 months, respectively. Common adverse events in the tucatinib group included diarrhea, palmar-plantar erythrodysesthesia syndrome, nausea, fatigue, and vomiting. Diarrhea and elevated aminotransferase levels of grade 3 or higher were more common in the tucatinib-combination group than in the placebo-combination group. CONCLUSIONS In heavily pretreated patients with HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer, including those with brain metastases, adding tucatinib to trastuzumab and capecitabine resulted in better progression-free survival and overall survival outcomes than adding placebo; the risks of diarrhea and elevated aminotransferase levels were higher with tucatinib. (Funded by Seattle Genetics; HER2CLIMB ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT02614794.).
Temporal Bone Anatomy in Superior Semicircular Canal Dehiscence: A Case Control Study on Bone Pneumatization and the Level of Middle Cranial Fossa.

OBJECTIVES To assess for any association between the presence of superior semicircular canal dehiscence (SSCD) and temporal bone pneumatization and the height of middle fossa in symptomatic patients. STUDY DESIGN Retrospective case-control study. SETTING Tertiary, university referral center. PATIENTS Symptomatic patients with SSCD and a matched group of non-SSCD patients. INTERVENTION High-resolution computed tomography of the temporal bones. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES We graded the temporal bone pneumatization using the Virapongse classification and measured the distance between the middle fossa and the lateral semicircular canal on coronal plane at the most anterior aspect of the lateral and superior semicircular canals. We statistically compared all parameters (level of significance 0.05). RESULTS We enrolled 30 patients with SSCD, (males = 13, females = 17) with mean age of 47 years (SD: 26). The matched control group had similar baseline characteristics (p > 0.05). Grade 4 pneumatization was noted in 83.3% (n = 25) of SSCD patients with the remainder having grade 3. In the control group, 46.6% (n = 14) had a grade 4 pneumatization, 36.6% (n = 11) grade 3 and 16.6 5 (n = 5) grade 2. This difference was statistically significant (p = 0.003). The difference in the height of the middle cranial fossa between the two groups was also statistically significant (mean 3.80 [SD: 0.84] in SSCD group and 4.68 mm [SD: 0.85] in the control group; p < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS We found better-pneumatized mastoids in patients with SSCD, indicative of a direct association between temporal bone pneumatization and SSCD. Additionally, the middle fossa dura is lying significantly lower in patients with SSCD, factor of surgical importance.
Mkt1 is required for RNAi-mediated silencing and establishment of heterochromatin in fission yeast

Abstract Constitutive domains of repressive heterochromatin are maintained within the fission yeast genome through self-reinforcing mechanisms involving histone methylation and small RNAs. Non-coding RNAs generated from heterochromatic regions are processed into small RNAs by the RNA interference pathway, and are subject to silencing through both transcriptional and post-transcriptional mechanisms. While the pathways involved in maintenance of the repressive heterochromatin state are reasonably well understood, less is known about the requirements for its establishment. Here, we describe a novel role for the post-transcriptional regulatory factor Mkt1 in establishment of heterochromatin at pericentromeres in fission yeast. Loss of Mkt1 does not affect maintenance of existing heterochromatin, but does affect its recovery following depletion, as well as de novo establishment of heterochromatin on a mini-chromosome. Pathway dissection revealed that Mkt1 is required for RNAi-mediated post-transcriptional silencing, downstream of small RNA production. Mkt1 physically associates with pericentromeric transcripts, and is additionally required for maintenance of silencing and heterochromatin at centromeres when transcriptional silencing is impaired. Our findings provide new insight into the mechanism of RNAi-mediated post-transcriptional silencing in fission yeast, and unveil an important role for post-transcriptional silencing in establishment of heterochromatin that is dispensable when full transcriptional silencing is imposed.
Levitation Methods for Use in the Hyperloop High-Speed Transportation System

The Hyperloop system offers the promise of transportation over distances of 1000 km or more, at speeds approaching the speed of sound, without the complexity and cost of high-speed trains or commercial aviation. Two crucial technological issues must be addressed before a practical system can become operational: air resistance, and contact/levitation friction must both be minimized in order to minimize power requirements and system size. The present work addresses the second issue by estimating the power requirements for each of the three major modes of Hyperloop operation: rolling wheels, sliding air bearings, and levitating magnetic suspension systems. The salient features of each approach are examined using simple theories and a comparison is made of power consumption necessary in each case.
Dye diffusion during laparoscopic tubal patency tests may suggest a lymphatic contribution to dissemination in endometriosis: A prospective, observational study

Aim Women with adenomyosis are at higher risk of endometriosis recurrence after surgery. This study was to assess if the lymphatic vessel network drained from the uterus to near organs where endometriosis foci lied. Methods A prospective, observational study, Canadian Task Force Classification II-2, was conducted at Sacro Cuore Don Calabria Hospital, Negrar, Italy. 104 white women aged 18–43 years were enrolled consecutively for this study. All patients underwent laparoscopy for endometriosis and a tubal dye test was carried out. Results Evidence of dye dissemination through the uterine wall and outside the uterus was noted in 27 patients (26%) with adenomyosis as it permeated the uterine wall and a clear passage of the dye was shown in the pelvic lymphatic vessels regardless whether the tubes were unobstructed. Histological assessment of the uterine biopsies confirmed adenomyosis. Conclusion Adenomyosis is characterized by ectatic lymphatics that allow the drainage of intrauterine fluids (the dye and, perhaps, menstrual blood) at minimal intrauterine pressure from the uterine cavity though the lymphatic network to extrauterine organs. Certainly, this may not be the only explanation for endometriosis dissemination but the correlation between the routes of the dye drainage and location of endometriosis foci is highly suggestive.
Consequences of being phenotypically mismatched with the environment: rapid muscle ultrastructural changes in cold shocked black-capped chickadees (Poecile atricapillus).

Phenotypic flexibility has received considerable attention in the last decade; however, whereas many studies have reported amplitude of variation in phenotypic traits, much less attention has focused on the rate at which traits can adjust in response to sudden changes in the environment. We investigated whole-animal and muscle phenotypic changes occurring in black-capped chickadees (Poecile atricapillus) acclimated to cold (-5°C) and warm (20°C) temperatures in the first 3 hours following a 15°C temperature drop (over 3h). Before the temperature change, cold-acclimated birds were consuming 95% more food, were carrying twice as much body fat and had 23% larger pectoralis muscle fiber diameters than individuals kept at 20°C. In the 3 hours following the temperature drop, these same birds altered their pectoralis muscle ultrastructure by increasing the number of capillaries per fiber area and the number of nuclei per mm of fiber by 22%, consequently leading to a 22% decrease in myonuclear domain (amount of cytoplasm serviced per nucleus), whereas no such changes were observed in the warm acclimated birds. To our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of such a rapid adjustment in muscle fiber ultrastructure in vertebrates. These results support the hypothesis that chickadees maintaining a cold phenotype are better prepared than warm phenotype individuals to respond to a sudden decline in temperature, such as what may be experienced in their natural wintering environment.
Vortex dynamics of a jet at the pressure node in a standing wave

In this paper we investigate the vortex structure and dynamics formed in the near field of a turbulent axisymmetric jet subjected to transverse acoustic forcing. Full three-dimensional phase-averaged velocity measurements were obtained to elucidate the coherent structures formed when the jet is positioned at the pressure node of a plane standing wave oriented transversely to the streamwise flow direction, which creates a plane symmetry about the nodal line dissecting the jet exit. Due to the change in phase that occurs across the nodal line, it was found that axisymmetry is broken and the jet undergoes a periodic transverse flapping motion consistent with a sinuous mode. This was accompanied by a periodic train of interconnected vortex structures, resembling inverted hairpin (or horseshoe) vortices, formed as the shear layers rolled up in anti-phase either side of the jet, and propagated a few diameters downstream before breaking up. An inviscid vortex model employing inverted hairpin line vortices is shown to capture both the dynamics of the vortex structures and the fluctuating velocity fields. Overall, the jet response and resulting vortex dynamics observed represent a significant departure from the axisymmetric flow structures observed with conventional longitudinal forcing and more closely resemble the phenomenon of bifurcating jets.
Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Disease After Male Germ Cell Cancer.

PURPOSE To analyze the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) after treatment of male germ cell cancer (GCC). METHODS Clinical data were extracted from the Danish Testicular Cancer database. For each patient, 10 men matched on date of birth were identified in the Danish normal population by risk-set sampling. Cardiovascular risk factors, CVD, and associated deaths were identified in Danish registries. The association between treatment and outcomes was analyzed by separate Cox models for each outcome. Cancer treatment was included as a time-varying covariate. RESULTS We included 5,185 patients with GCC and 51,850 men in the normal population. Median follow-up was 15.8 years. Treatment with bleomycin-etoposide-cisplatin (BEP; n = 1,819) was associated with increased risks of hypertension and hypercholesterolemia. Hazard ratios (HRs) of CVD < 1 year after initiation of BEP treatment were as follows: myocardial infarction (HR, 6.3; 95% CI, 2.9 to 13.9), cerebrovascular accident (HR, 6.0; 95% CI, 2.6 to 14.1), and venous thromboembolism (HR, 24.7; 95% CI, 14.0 to 43.6). One year after BEP treatment, the risk of CVD decreased to normal levels, but after 10 years, increasing risks were found for myocardial infarction (HR, 1.4; 95% CI, 1.0 to 2.0) and cardiovascular death (HR, 1.6; 95% CI, 1.0 to 2.5). Radiotherapy (n = 780) increased the risk of diabetes at long-term follow-up (HR, 1.4; 95% CI, 1.0 to 2.0) but not that of other outcomes. With surveillance (n = 3,332), cardiovascular risk factors, CVD, and cardiovascular death data were comparable to that of the normal population. CONCLUSION Treatment with BEP was associated with highly increased risks of CVD < 1 year after treatment start and mildly increased risks after 10 years of follow-up. Radiotherapy increased the risk of diabetes but not incident CVD. The risk of CVD in patients followed in a surveillance program was comparable to that of the normal population.
Cardiac rehabilitation in older adults: New options

Cardiac rehabilitation (CR) is an important component in the continuum of care for patients with cardiovascular diseases, including the older population. Benefits of CR which include mortality benefit, decreased hospitalizations, increased functional capacity all extend to an older population. In Medicare beneficiaries which represent an older population, utilization of CR continues to remain low despite evidence that suggests lower hospitalization rates, Medicare costs, and improved symptoms. Given poor referral rates, enrollment rates, and completion rates, a call for new strategies has been made by all major societies. However, several barriers exist. Newer models of CR constructed to overcome these barriers are reviewed below. Some of these new strategies include alternative site CR or home‐based CR and the utilization of technology.
EFFECTS OF REHABILITATION TREATMENT AND CHARACTERISTICS OF ELBOW CONTRACTURE AFTER SUPRACONDYLAR FRACTURES IN CHILDHOOD

Supracondylar fractures of humerus are the most frequent arm fractures in childhood. Complications of these fractures most often take the form of elbow contractures. The aim of this paper was to determine effects of rehabilitation treatment and characteristics of elbow contractures. During five-year period (2005-2010), 61 patients with posttraumatic elbow contracture were treated at the Institute for Children and Youth Health Care of Vojvodina. Flynns three-grade scale was applied to determine the elbow mobility level, prior to treatment and at its end. After the completed physical treatment, there is a highly statistically significant difference in terms of increased flexion and extension of elbow (p0.0001). In 90.16% children, the result was satisfactory upon completed physical treatment. By means of combined application of different forms of physical therapy, treatment results of elbow contractures after supracondylar fractures have significantly improved.
Abstract. Despite ongoing research into diabetes and its complications, the underlying molecular associations remain to be elucidated. The systematic identification of molecular interactions in associated diseases may be approached using a network analysis strategy. The biomarker-target interrelated

Despite ongoing research into diabetes and its complications, the underlying molecular associations remain to be elucidated. The systematic identification of molecular interactions in associated diseases may be approached using a network analysis strategy. The biomarker-target interrelated molecules associated with diabetes and its complications were identified via the Comparative Toxicogenomics Database (CTD); the Search Tool for Recurring Instances of Neighboring Genes was utilized for network construction. Functional enrichment analysis was performed with Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery software to investigate connections between diabetes and its complications. A total of 142 (including 122 biomarkers, 10 therapeutic targets and 10 overlapping molecules) biomarker‐target interrelated molecules associated with diabetes and its complications were identified via the CTD database, and analysis of the network yielded 1,087 biological processes and fifteen Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathways with significant P‐values. Various critical aspects of the networks were examined in the present study: a) Intermolecular horizontal and vertical combinations in biomarkers and therapeutic targets associated with diabetes and its complicationb) network topology properties associated with molecular pathological responsec) contribution of key molecules to integrated regulation; and d) crosstalk between multiple pathways. Based on a multi-dimensional analysis, it was concluded that the integrated molecular pathological development of diabetes and its complications does not proceed randomly, which suggests a requirement for integrated, multi‐target intervention.