Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Coronavirus (COVID-19) related deaths by ethnic group, England and Wales

Coronavirus (COVID-19) related deaths by ethnic group, England and Wales: 2 March 2020 to 10 April 2020 Comparison of deaths where the coronavirus (COVID-19) was mentioned on the death certificate by broad age group, sex and ethnic group, using linked census and mortality records on deaths registered up to 17 April 2020. Includes death counts, cause-specific mortality ratios and odds ratios to identify differential risks of COVID-19-related deaths.
Properties of pure water and sodium chloride solutions at high temperatures and pressures: a simulation study

The structural and thermodynamic properties of pure water and sodium chloride solutions at high temperatures and pressures are studied by using molecular dynamics simulations and quantum molecular simulations. Properties are calculated as functions of temperature and pressure. The results show that the structure of pure water becomes looser as temperature increases from 298 to 400 K, with the collapse of the traditional tetrahedral structure. For sodium chloride solutions, the same collapse is also found with the increased concentration. Moreover, a critical point for the diffusion coefficient of and is evident when the temperature increases linearly under 100 atm. At the critical points, the ions are abnormally clustered, due to the weakly hydrogen-bonded water molecules. The cluster size of the ions is synchronous with the corresponding diffusion coefficients.
Efficient schemes to compute diffusive barrier crossing rates

The formulation of the classical barrier-crossing problem is reviewed in the context of numerical simulations, with the focus on barrier crossing problems where the reaction coordinate depends in a non-trivial way on the Cartesian coordinates of many particles. Often it is convenient to measure the barrier height using constrained dynamics. Such a calculation requires a knowledge of the Jacobian for the coordinate transformation between Cartesian and generalized (‘reaction’) coordinates, and it is shown that the calculation of this Jacobian can be simplified. The conventional expression for the crossing rate is found to become computationally inefficient when the barrier crossing is diffusive. An alternative formulation of the barrier-crossing rate is given that leads to much better statistical accuracy in the computed crossing rates.
The ionization kinetics and electric field in the leader channel in long air gaps

A kinetic model for the ionization processes in high-temperature air in a strong electric field is developed. The model is used to study numerically the problem of the relaxation of the plasma properties in atmospheric-pressure air to a new steady state after an instantaneous change in the gas temperature between 300 and 1000 - 6000 K. Our simulation shows that the electrical properties of the plasma under the conditions of the leader being a long spark nearly follow the local value of the gas temperature. The reduced field E/N in the leader channel is found to decrease considerably as the gas temperature T increases from 1000 to 6000 K. The decrease in E/N is caused by the formation of NO molecules with low ionization energy at T 4500 K. As a result, the value of E/N falls to 10 Td at T = 5000 K and to 1.5 Td at T = 6000 K for a current of 1 A and a channel radius of 0.1 cm. This agrees well with the experimental evidence showing that the leader bridges very long air gaps (about 200 m) at a moderate applied voltage (< 5 MV).
Exopolymeric substances of sulfate‐reducing bacteria: Interactions with calcium at alkaline pH and implication for formation of carbonate minerals

Sulfate‐reducing bacteria (SRB) have been recognized as key players in the precipitation of calcium carbonate in lithifying microbial communities. These bacteria increase the alkalinity by reducing sulfate ions, and consuming organic acids. SRB also produce copious amounts of exopolymeric substances (EPS). All of these processes influence the morphology and mineralogy of the carbonate minerals. Interactions of EPS with metals, calcium in particular, are believed to be the main processes through which the extracellular matrix controls the precipitation of the carbonate minerals. SRB exopolymers were purified from lithifying mat and type cultures, and their potential role in CaCO3 precipitation was determined from acid‐base titrations and calcium‐binding experiments. Major EPS characteristics were established using infrared spectroscopy and gas chromatography to characterize the chemical functional groups and the sugar monomers composition. Our results demonstrate that all of the three SRB strains tested were able to produce large amounts of EPS. This EPS exhibited three main buffering capacities, which correspond to carboxylic acids (pKa = 3.0), sulfur‐containing groups (thiols, sulfonic and sulfinic acids – pKa = 7.0–7.1) and amino groups (pKa = 8.4–9.2). The calcium‐binding capacity of these exopolymers in solution at pH 9.0 ranged from 0.12gCa gEPS−1–0.15 gCa gEPS−1. These results suggest that SRB could play a critical role in the formation of CaCO3 in lithifying microbial mats. The unusually high sulfur content, which has not been reported for EPS before, indicates a possible strong interaction with iron. In addition to changing the saturation index through metabolic activity, our results imply that SRB affect the rock record through EPS production and its effect on the CaCO3 precipitation. Furthermore, EPS produced by SRB may account for the incorporation of metals (e.g. Sr, Fe, Mg) associated with carbonate minerals in the rock record.
Impacts of land use on soil organic matter and degree of compactness in calcareous soils of central Iran

This study was conducted to investigate the impact of land use (dryland farming, grassland and irrigated farming) on bulk density, (ρb) and relative bulk density (ρb‐rel), and to study the relationships between ρb and ρb‐rel, respectively, and soil organic matter content (OM) and soil texture at 100 locations in calcareous soils of central Iran. The ρb–rel was expressed as the ratio of ρb to a reference bulk density, ρbef. By considering ρb‐ref an inherent soil property that is dependent on soil texture but not on OM, the combined effects of OM due to land use and compaction (due to agricultural machinery) on the degree of compactness could be explored. Multiple linear regression was used to derive pedotransfer functions for predicting ρb and ρb‐rel. It was found that ρb‐rel is strongly affected by OM, and a strong correlation was obtained between ρb‐rel and the ratio of OM to clay content. The predictive performance of the multiple regression models was poorest for irrigated farming, which might be explained by intensive soil disturbance by tillage in irrigated farming. The main effect of land use was on OM, and consequently, the degree of compactness was mainly controlled by OM. The greatest OM and least ρb‐rel were measured in irrigated farming. Dryland farming had the least OM and the greatest ρb‐rel.
Assessment of Some Chemical and Nutritional Properties of Maize, Rice and Millet Grains and Their Weaning Mushes

This study was conducted to assess some chemical and nutritional properties of maize, rice and millet grains and their derivate mushes. Results showed on one hand that the density of studied cereal grains was very near to the one of the Chinese chive. But their capacities of hydration and inflation were very low in comparison to these of the same grains. Rice grains has a low capacity of hydration and a low index of hydration compared to maize and millet grains. With respect to their permeability and toughness, the studied cereal grains could be ranked as follow: rice > corn > thousand. Mushes flours also showed very low moisture content, high starch and carbohydrates contents, poor levels in lipids and proteins. They contain some essential minerals such as calcium, magnesium, iron, copper and zinc in variable concentrations. Contents in phytic acid were also variable. In consequence, the energy density of these flours appeared very high but it was lower than the one of the existing complement flours of Cote d'Ivoire markets.
A Total-Concentration Fixed-Grid Method for Two-Dimensional Diffusion-Controlled Wet Chemical Etching

This article presents a total concentration method for two-dimensional wet chemical etching. The proposed procedure is a fixed-grid approach. It is analogous to the enthalpy method used for modeling melting/solidification problems. The governing equation is formulated using the total concentration of the etchant. It includes the reacted and the unreacted concentrations of the etchant. The proposed governing equation includes the interface condition. The reacted concentration is used to capture the etchant-substrate interface implicitly. Since the grids are fixed, a diffusion problem remains a diffusion problem unlike the moving grid approach where the diffusion problem becomes the convection-diffusion problem due to the mesh velocity. For demonstration purposes, the finite volume method is used to solve for the transient concentration distribution of etchant. In this article, two-dimensional diffusion-controlled wet chemical etching processes are modeled. The results obtained from the proposed total concentration method are compared with available “analytic” solutions and solutions from moving-grid approach.Copyright © 2005 by ASME
Application of Moss bauer spectroscopy to study the effect of fly-ash in agriculture soil

57Fe Mossbauer spectroscopy has been used to study the fly-ash of Panipat Thermal Power Station, Panipat and the various samples of agriculture soil where the effluent water is used for irrigation in the adjoining areas of the Thermal Power Plant. The fly-ash sample shows only Fe 2 + state. When the effluent water is used for irrigation, then fly-ash flows with water and gets added in the agriculture soil and thereby increases the Fe 2 + /Fe 3 + ratio in the soil. The Fe 2 + /Fe 3 + ratio in these samples has been determined. These results indicate that, the effluent water, when used for irrigation improves plant nutrition and the growth of the crops is good and hence reduces the applicability of artificial fertiliser up to some extent.
Computer simulation of solid-liquid coexistence in binary hard sphere mixtures

We present the results of a computer simulation study of the solid-liquid coexistence of a binary hard sphere mixture for diameter ratios in the range 0.85 ~< ct ~< 1.00. For the solid phase we only consider substitutionally disordered FCC and HCP crystals. For 0-9425 < ct < 1"00 we find a solid-liquid coexistence curve of the 'spindle' type. For ct = 0-9425 this becomes an azeotropic and for ct = 0-875 a eutectic diagram. We compare these results with the predictions of the density functional theory of Barrat, Baus and Hansen. We observe that the density functional theory accurately predicts the point where the spindle diagram transforms into an azeotrope. However, the density functional theory differs from the simulation results on a number of counts. The greatest differences between computer simulations and theory are that the changeover from an azeotropic to a eutectic diagram is found to occur at c~ = 0-875, rather than at the predicted value of ct = 0.92, that the density difference between the solid and the liquid at liquid-solid coexistence is found to have a minimum as a function of the mole fraction of the large spheres, while density functional theory predicts a maximum, and finally that the solubility of large spheres in a solid mixture of small spheres is much larger than predicted.
Analysis of fragrance compositions of precious coniferous woods grown in Taiwan

Abstract Odor is one of the most distinctive characteristics of wood. Woods in the family Taxodiaceae and Cupressaceae often emit fragrant odors. In this study, the fragrance compounds of six coniferous woods grown in Taiwan, namely Chamaecyparis formosensis, Chamaecyparis obtusa var. formosana, Calocedrus macrolepis var. formosana, Taiwania cryptomerioides, Cunninghamia lanceolata, and Cryptomeria japonica, were studied by solid-phase microextraction and GC/MS. A non-biased overall profile of the fragrance compositions of the woods was obtained. The major aroma compounds were: β-elemene (15.8%), γ-cadinene (12.1%), α-pinene (11.1%), and limonene (10.8%) in C. obtusa; myrtenol (27.0%), myrtenyl (19.2%), and γ-cadinene (11.4%) in C. formosensis; β-cedrene (22.3%), δ-cadinene (17.6%), and widdrene (11.4%) in T. cryptomerioides; β-cedrene (26.2%) α-pinene (19.7%) and limonene (13.2%) in C. lanceolata; 3-carene (21.0%), p-cymene (11.0%), and limonene (9.5%) in C. japonica; and p-cymene (24.4%), terpinen-4-ol (16.6%), and α-terpineol (12.5%) in C. macrolepis. The results may provide useful information for future studies on chemotaxonomy and metabolomics of conifers.
The fundamental vibrational shift of HCl diluted in dense Ar and Kr

The fundamental infrared band vibrational shifts of HCl diluted in dense Ar and Kr have been calculated by means of molecular dynamics simulation techniques and compared with the experimental data reported by Pérez et al. (J. Chem. Phys. 122, 194507 (2005)). The results have been analysed along the liquid–vapour coexistence line as in several supercritical states, with good agreement between the theoretical and experimental values.
Mass Spectrometric Advances in the Analysis of Large Aromatic Fractions of Heavy Fuel Oils and Carbon Particulates

Advanced mass spectrometric systems have been tested for the analysis of heavy fractions of fuel oils and combustion-formed particulate in terms of mass range detection and resolution. The analysis of these complex aromatic samples is not amenable to conventional chromatographic–mass spectrometric techniques due to their low volatility and degradability. In this paper, the advantages and the shortcomings of different ionization methods (electron impact, photoionization, laser ionization) and different mass analyzers (quadrupole, ion trap, time of flight) have been carefully investigated. The optimization of operative parameters has shown to be crucial for the extension of mass detection range. The Atmospheric Pressure Photoionization–Mass Spectrometry techniques showed the best performances in terms of low fragmentation of the parent ion and sensitivity for the analysis of asphaltenes. Laser Desorption Ionization–Mass Spectrometry showed to be more suitable for the analysis of aromatic tarry combustion-formed species.
Indonesian Medicinal Plants. XII. Four Isomaric Lignan-Glucosides from the Bark of Aegle marmelos (Rutaceae)

From the bark of Aegle marmelos CORREA (Rutaceae), an Indonesian medicinal plant, two new lignan-glucosides, (-)-lyoniresinol 2α-O-β-glucopyranoside (3) and (-)-4-epi-lyoniresinol 3α-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (4), have been isolated together with two known lignan-glucosides, (+)-lyoniresinol 3α-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (1) and (-)- lyoniresinol 3α-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (2).
UPDATE ON PATHOPHYSIOLOGIC MECHANISMS OF THIOACETAMIDE -INDUCED HEPATIC ENCEPHALOPATHY

Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is a neuropsychiatric complication of cirrhosis. Ammonia is recognized as a crucial component in the pathogenesis of HE, but many other factors are also implicated in the development of the disease. The precise pathophysiologic mechanisms behind hepatic encephalopathy induced by Thioacetamide have not been understood fully. Thus, the present study was constructed to explore the underlying pathophysiologic mechanisms of Thioacetamide -induced hepatic encephalopathy in the experimental animals. For the present study, forty adult male albino rats of Wistar strain were divided into four groups. They were labelled namely group (1) control group (3 days), group (2) Thioacetamide group (3 days), and group (3) control group (3 months) and group (4) Thioacetamide group (3 months). Relevant biochemical markers represented in serum liver enzymes activity, total protein, albumin and bilirubin levels were detected. Serum, liver and brain ammonia concentration was determined. Oxidant/ antioxidant status of liver and brain was assessed. Serum inflammatory mediators like TNF-α and S100β were evaluated. Moreover, the histopathological investigation of liver and brain tissue sections was performed. Our results revealed that Thioacetamide produced significant elevation in serum liver enzymes (ALT and AST) activity, total bilirubin level in concomitant with significant depletion in serum total protein and albumin levels. In addition, Thioacetamide caused significant increase in serum, liver and brain ammonia concentration. Moreover, Thioacetamide could significantly elevate liver and brain malondialdehyde and nitric oxide content and suppress liver and brain antioxidant enzymes (GPX and SOD)
Genetic variability, character association and divergence studies in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) for improvement in oil yield

doi: 10.33472/AFJBS.3. 1.2021. 129-145 Article Info Abstract Present experiment was conducted on 32 sunflower genotypes (11 CMS lines and 21 Restorer lines) on the basis of their diverse origin, growth habit, phenology and adaptation with an object to assess variation in oil yield attributing traits. The total variability consisting heritable and non-heritable components of the characters were estimated by genotypic (GCV) and phenotypic (PCV) coefficient of variation, heritability and genetic advance (GA) and the best positive traits for sunflower improvement through selection and breeding were assessed. All the characters among the different genotypes exhibited significant variation. Oil yield was highly significant and positively correlated with seed yield (kg/ha) (0.95), number of filled grain/head (0.85), grain filling% (0.65), days to 50% flowering (0.417), plant height (0.33). Seed yield (kg/ha) was highly significant and positively correlated with plant height (0.33), head diameter (0.30). Seed yield (kg/ha) varied from 625 (CMS-16A) to 1120(CMS-302A) in lines and 576 (EC-601751) to 1221(R-630) in testers respectively. The highest 100 seed weight and hull content (%) was obtained from P-2-7-1A. Seed yield, oil yield (kg/ha) and numbers of filled grains were obtained from EC 601978. Genotypes were classified into eight distinct clusters with a maximum inter distance observed between cluster VI and VII. The experiment assisted to identify the superior genotype among diverse genotypes of sunflower which can act as parents with desirable traits like number of filled grain/head, volume weight/100 ml, 100seed weight, oil content and seed yield/plant for further breeding purposes.
Diffraction measurements from crystals under electric fields: instrumentation

Based on the ideas of previous work, a device has been built for applying strong electric fields to a crystal during the measurement of diffracted intensities using a field-switching technique. It consists of a high-voltage supply, the electronics for switching the field, and synchronous counting on four chains combined with controls for step-scanning the diffraction profiles. By using this `stroboscopic' technique, it is possible to measure very small changes in Bragg angles arising from the strain induced by the converse piezoelectric effect, and also to measure minute changes in the Bragg intensities arising from polarizations of atomic structure and electron density.
MEDICINAL AND THERAPEUTIC POTENTIALITIES OF GREEN TEA (CAMELLIA SINENSIS )-A REVIEW

Green tea has increasingly become a very popular drink worldwide because of its immensely powerful health benefits. It is extraordinarily amazing what green tea can do for your health. Tea is one of the most valued and widely consumed drinks in the world. Besides being a delicious, inexpensive beverage that has no calories, tea has a unique set of natural chemicals that provide various therapeutic benefits. As more research is conducted, tea, specifically black and green, demonstrates significant antiviral, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticavity properties. Drinking a cup of tea a few times a day to absorb antioxidants and other healthful plant compounds.Tea's health benefits are largely due to its high content of flavonoids — plant-derived compounds that are antioxidants. Green tea is the best food source of a group called catechins. In test tubes, catechins are more powerful than vitamins C and E in halting oxidative damage to cells and appear to have other disease-fighting properties. Green tea contains more than 300 different substances such as: carbohydrates, proteins, minerals, and vitamins: C1, B1, B2, OT, B5, K, and P. In addition, green tea contains: calcium, magnesium, iron, manganese, sodium, silicon, phosphorus and its compounds.
Anticoagulant resistance in Europe: Appraisal of the data from the 1992 EPPO questionnaire

Resistance to the first successful anticoagulant rodenticide, warfarin, was detected in the Norway rat (Rattus norvegicus Berk.) in 1958, and it has since expanded to cover other commensal rodent species (R. rattus L., Mus musculus L.) and the majority of later-developed anticoagulant compounds. The purpose of this paper is to give an up-to-date picture of the current distribution of anticoagulant resistance in Europe, as revealed by the questionnaire dispatched by EPPO (European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization) to its member countries in 1992. Replies were received from 13 countries (43% of EPPO members), and it was found that broad-spectrum resistance occurred in practically all those countries that reported testing activity. A likely conclusion based on this finding is that true distribution of resistance is certainly more extensive than documented by the questionnaire replies. Another conclusion drawn by the EPPO Rodent Control Panel was that the existing resistance detection protocols were no longer adequate to cover the whole array of existing anticoagulant rodenticides. Consequently, a new guideline including novel methods particularly for detecting resistance to single-dose anticoagulant compounds was urgently needed. This guideline is currently under review.
Learner Autonomy on English Learning of Mattayom Suksa 6 Students

This study aimed to 1) investigate learner autonomy of Mattayom Suksa 6 or Grade 12 students, and 2) examine the relationship between learner autonomy and gender, GPA, deep and surface learning approaches. It took the form of survey research employing questionnaires to gather data from 178 Mattayom Suksa 6 students. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and multiple regression analysis. In response to research objective 1, it was found that, on average, learner autonomy of students was at a high level (M = 3.57, SD = .41). The findings of research objective 2 revealed that the independent variables that had the effects on learner autonomy at significant levels of . 05 and 0.01 were GPA (β = .14, p = .03) a deep learning approach (β = .63, p = .00), and a surface learning approach (β = -.19, p = .01). Gender had no effect (β = -.11, p = .09) on autonomy. All of the independent variables had a moderate correlation with learner autonomy (R = .60) and collectively could explain a learner autonomy level with 35.6% (R2= .36). Considering the effect of each independent variable on autonomy in a ranking order, it was found that a deep approach was the most influential factor, followed by a surface learning approach with a negative relationship, and GPA.