Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Sanitation Exercise in Lagos State, Nigeria: The Imperative of Integrated Communication Strategy

Lagos State, one of Nigeria‟s most prominent political subdivisions, has for some years, been organizing a general sanitation exercise on the last Saturday of every month. Recently, though, a court ruled that the state government does not have the legal backing to restrict vehicular and pedestrian movement during the three-hour activity (7-10a.m), which allegedly amounts to a waste of precious time. The court case had been complicated by residents‟ incessant complaints which culminated in the cancellation of the exercise. This paper is an assessment of the residents‟ level of compliance with the program directives. It examines the government‟s communication strategies for mobilizing residents and how effective they were. An attempt is made to craft a fresh strategy that helps avoid time wastage. Focus group and interview data were generated to facilitate the investigation. Findings show that compliance level was low in spite of the government‟s use of force to drive it. Results also show that sustained compliance with any beneficial directive on sanitation exercise is possible in Lagos if an integrated communication system is pursued. Unimpressively, however, government‟s strategy was anything but integrated while the exercise lasted. Keywords: Lagos State, Environmental Sanitation, Communication, Mobilization, Participation, Strategy, Integrated Communication.
Självkänsla kontra realitet

Varjeflicka måste ta ställning till motsättningen mellan den egna självkänslan och insikten om att män har högre status och mer makt i samhället än kvinnor. Eva Ethelberg ser tre "'lösningar"på detta dilemma och hon kallar dem "personlighetsstrategier". Med hjälp av dessa analyserar hon tre "äldre"personlighetsteorier och tre kvinnoteorier.
Numerical Simulation of the Deformation Behavior of Softwood Tracheids for the Calculation of the Mechanical Properties of Wood–Polymer Composites

From a fiber composite point of view, an elongated softwood particle is a composite consisting of several thousand tracheids, which can be described as fiber wound hollow profiles. By knowing their deformation behavior, the deformation behavior of the wood particle can be described. Therefore, a numerical approach for RVE- and FEM-based modelling of the radial and tangential compression behavior of pine wood tracheids under room climate environment is presented and validated with optical and laser-optical image analysis as well as tensile and compression tests on pine sapwood veneer strips. According to the findings, at 23 °C and 12% moisture content, at least 10 MPa must be applied for maximum compaction of the earlywood tracheids. The latewood tracheids can withstand at least 100 MPa compression pressure and would deform elastically at this load by about 20%. The developed model can be adapted for other wood species and climatic conditions by adjusting the mechanical properties of the base materials of the cell wall single layers (cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin), the dimensions and the structure of the vessel elements, respectively.
Antibiotic Stewardship in Patients With Acute Bronchitis: A Case Report of Doxycycline-Induced Esophagitis

Acute bronchitis is a self-limiting disease, characterized by mild constitutional symptoms and a cough lasting two to three weeks. The disease usually occurs secondary to viruses; therefore, only symptomatic and supportive care is advised for the patients. Despite the recommended guidelines, most patients are prescribed antibiotics. Here, we present a case of a 38-year-old female who presented to the hospital with a sudden onset of severe epigastric pain. The patient recently started a 10-day course of doxycycline for acute bronchitis. She was admitted, evaluated, and diagnosed with doxycycline-induced esophagitis, and managed accordingly. This report highlights how excessive use of antibiotics is leading to adverse effects, antibiotic resistance, increased health care costs, and invasive testing. It also emphasizes the importance of antibiotic stewardship.
GNPassGAN: Improved Generative Adversarial Networks For Trawling Offline Password Guessing

The security of passwords depends on a thorough understanding of the strategies used by attackers. Unfortunately, real-world adversaries use pragmatic guessing tactics like dictionary attacks, which are difficult to simulate in password security research. Dictionary attacks must be carefully configured and modified to represent an actual threat. This approach, however, needs domain-specific knowledge and expertise that are difficult to duplicate. This paper reviews various deep learning-based password guessing approaches that do not require domain knowledge or assumptions about users' password structures and combinations. It also introduces GNPassGAN, a password guessing tool built on generative adversarial networks for trawling offline attacks. In comparison to the state-of-the-art PassGAN model, GNPassGAN is capable of guessing 88.03% more passwords and generating 31.69% fewer duplicates.
Virological Treatment Monitoring for Chronic Hepatitis B

More than 250 million people worldwide are currently infected with hepatitis B, despite the effectiveness of vaccination and other preventive measures. In terms of treatment, new therapeutic approaches are rapidly developing, promising to achieve the elimination of infected cells and the complete cure of infection. The on-treatment monitoring of these innovative antiviral treatments will require the implementation of new virological tools. Therefore, new biomarkers are being evaluated besides the traditional virological and serological assays in order to obtain information on different steps of the viral replication cycle and to monitor response to therapy more accurately. The purpose of this work is to describe both standard and innovative tools for chronic hepatitis B treatment monitoring, and to analyse their potential and feasibility.
Drought Assessment on Vegetation in the Loess Plateau Using a Phenology-Based Vegetation Condition Index

Frequent droughts induced by climate warming have caused increasing impacts on the vegetation of the Loess Plateau (LP). However, the effects of drought on vegetation are highly dependent on when the drought occurs and how long it lasts during the growing season. Unfortunately, most of the existing drought indices ignore the differences in the drought effects on different vegetation growth stages. In this study, we first established a phenology-based vegetation condition index, namely weighted vegetation condition index (WVCI), which accounts for the differences in vegetation sensitivity to drought by assigning specific weights to different phenological stages of vegetation. Then, we used the WVCI to reveal the temporal and spatial variations in vegetative drought from 2001 to 2019 over the LP from the aspects of drought frequency, trend and relative deviation. The results showed that (1) the LP experienced frequent droughts during the study period, but mainly mild and moderate droughts. The drought frequencies decreased from southeast to northwest, and extreme droughts rarely occurred in mountainous areas and plains. (2) The droughts in most areas of the LP tended to ease, and only a few areas in the Hetao Plain, Ningxia Plain and Fenwei Plain showed an increasing trend of drought. (3) After 2012, the departure percentage of WVCI in most areas of the LP was positive, indicating above-average vegetation conditions. (4) Compared with the well-established vegetation condition index, the WVCI proved to have the ability to monitor and assess vegetative drought on an annual scale in the LP. As a result, our research could help develop and implement drought-resistance and disaster-prevention measures on the LP.
Efficient Removal of Methylene Blue and Ciprofloxacin from Aqueous Solution Using Flower-like, Nanostructured ZnO Coating under UV Irradiation

Flower-like ZnO architectures assembled with many nanorods were successfully synthesized through Thermionic Vacuum Arc, operated both in direct current (DC-TVA) and a pulsed mode (PTVA), and coupled with annealing in an oxygen atmosphere. The prepared coatings were analysed by scanning-electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray-spectroscopy (SEM-EDX), X-ray-diffraction (XRD), and photoluminescence (PL) measurements. By simply modifying the TVA operation mode, the morphology and uniformity of ZnO nanorods can be tuned. The photocatalytic performance of synthesized nanostructured ZnO coatings was measured by the degradation of methylene-blue (MB) dye and ciprofloxacin (Cipro) antibiotic. The ZnO (PTVA) showed enhancing results regarding the photodegradation of target contaminants. About 96% of MB molecules were removed within 60 min of UV irradiation, with a rate constant of 0.058 min−1, which is almost nine times higher than the value of ZnO (DC-TVA). As well, ZnO (PTVA) presented superior photocatalytic activity towards the decomposition of Cipro, after 240 min of irradiation, yielding 96% degradation efficiency. Moreover, the agar-well diffusion assay performance against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria confirms the degradation of antibiotic molecules by the UV/ZnO (PTVA) approach, without the formation of secondary hazardous products during the photocatalysis process. Repeated cyclic usage of coatings revealed excellent reusability and operational stability.
Diversity and Paleoecology of the Zone 3 Late Pleistocene Vertebrates at Kincaid Shelter (41UV2), Central Texas, USA

ABSTRACT Kincaid Shelter (Uvalde County, Texas) contains a sequence of vertebrate and cultural remains spanning from the late Pleistocene to Historic. Kincaid Shelter perhaps is best known for its Paleoindian component, including a cobblestone floor interpreted as a Clovis habitation surface. Zone 3 lacustrine sediments are beneath that cobblestone floor and yielded a diverse late Pleistocene vertebrate fauna. Recovered in 1948, the assemblage has never been formally studied or described. The current analysis focuses on the composition, paleoecology, and taphonomy of the Zone 3 faunal assemblage to establish and clarify this important late Pleistocene record. Sixteen vertebrate taxa are represented. Large mammals predominate, but reptiles, including American alligator, and a bird also occur. The presence of Bison antiquus and Panthera atrox indicate a late Pleistocene (Rancholabrean Land Mammal Age) age for the faunal assemblage. The Zone 3 faunal composition is typical of latest Pleistocene faunas from the Great Plains and supports an interpretation of a grassland biome.
Safe and Effective Prescribing with Dyslexia: A Collaborative Autoethnography

Prescribing medicines is the most common patient-level intervention made by doctors in the United Kingdom. However, this is associated with a potential for harm. Whilst dyslexia can bring many strengths, it also impacts reading and writing abilities and therefore has the potential to contribute to errors in the prescribing process if dyslexic doctors are unsupported. This paper explores the experiences of Seb – regarding prescribing and prescribing education – as a dyslexic medical student and doctor. We hope that this might spark more research on this overlooked issue. This is a collaborative, analytic, autoethnographic study within an interpretivist paradigm. Firstly, Seb wrote an autobiographical account; he was then interviewed by Mike. The interview audio-recording was transcribed verbatim and both data sources were thematically analysed. Emerging themes included: learning to prescribe, coping, struggling and support, errors, near misses and handwritten charts, and moving forward. Specific issues included a deficiency in active learning/assessment at an undergraduate level, a lack of support, and potential safety concerns regarding handwritten charts. Electronic prescribing was felt to be a positive step forwards for both safety and accessibility. Our findings suggest that further consideration of specific supports is needed to assist dyslexic trainee doctors in the prescribing of medicines, so as to prevent the clinical environment acting to disadvantage them. They also suggest that we may need to review the ways in which we teach and assess this vital skill at an undergraduate level.
Transmission, Strain Diversity, and Zoonotic Potential of Chronic Wasting Disease

Chronic wasting disease (CWD) is a prion disease affecting several species of captive and free-ranging cervids. In the past few decades, CWD has been spreading uncontrollably, mostly in North America, resulting in a high increase of CWD incidence but also a substantially higher number of geographical regions affected. The massive increase in CWD poses risks at several levels, including contamination of the environment, transmission to animals cohabiting with cervids, and more importantly, a putative transmission to humans. In this review, I will describe the mechanisms and routes responsible for the efficient transmission of CWD, the strain diversity of natural CWD, its spillover and zoonotic potential and strategies to minimize the CWD threat.
Protective Effect of Hedyotis diffusa Willd. Ethanol Extract on Isoniazid-Induced Liver Injury in the Zebrafish Model

Objective This study aims to investigate the hepatoprotective effect and molecular mechanism of Hedyotis diffusa Willd. ethanol extract (HDWE) against isoniazid (INH)-induced liver injury in the zebrafish model. Methods INH-induced liver injury model was established by adding an immersion bath of INH in 3 days post-fertilisation (dpf) healthy transgenic zebrafish with liver-specific fluorescence (L-FABP: EGFP). HDWE and INH were given to the zebrafish to observe liver morphology and pathology, fluorescence intensity, and the activities of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and superoxide dismutase (SOD), as well as the content of glutathione (GSH). The chemical composition of HDWE was analysed using high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with a quadrupole-time-of flight hybrid mass spectrometer (HPLC-Q-TOF-MS). The bioactive compounds, molecular targets and signalling pathways of HDWE were predicted using network pharmacology. Subsequently, molecular docking was adopted to analyze the affinities between the bioactive components and targets by Autodock. Finally, in vitro experiments were conducted to further verify the findings. Results Our findings showed that HDWE had a remarkable protective effect on INH-induced liver injury in zebrafish. Twenty compounds in HDWE were identified. Nineteen hub targets were identified as possible targets of HDWE, and a compound-target-pathway network was constructed. Nine bioactive compounds, ten molecular targets, and seven key signalling pathways were found to play a pivotal role in the hepatoprotective effect of HDWE against INH-induced liver injury. In vitro studies revealed that the important bioactive compound quercetin-3-O-sambubioside (QSA) could significantly reverse INH-induced cell viability decreases and had a significant effect on the associated targets predicted by network pharmacology and molecular docking. Conclusion In this study, through the research of hepatoprotective effect of HDWE and bioinformatics analysis, the bioactive compounds, important pathways and key molecular targets were discovered. These findings could provide scientific evidence for the use of HDW in liver injury and prove to help explore its efficacy and the mechanism of action.
Association Between GSDMB Gene Polymorphism and Cervical Cancer in the Northeast Chinese Han Population

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between GSDMB gene polymorphism and genetic susceptibility to cervical cancer in the Han population in Northeast China. Methods: In this case–control study, the genotypes and alleles of rs8067378 in the GSDMB gene were analyzed by multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and next-generation sequencing methods in 482 cervical cancer (CC) patients, 775 cervical squamous intraepithelial lesion (SIL) patients, and 495 healthy women. The potential relationships between the SNP of the GSDMB gene with SIL and CC were analyzed by multivariate logistic regression analysis combined with 10,000 permutation tests. Results: In the comparison between the SIL group and the control group, the genotype and allele distribution frequencies of rs8067378 SNP of the GSDMB gene were statistically significant (p = 0.0493 and p = 0.0202, respectively). The allele distribution frequencies of rs8067378 were also statistically significant in the comparison between high-grade cervical squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL) and low-grade cervical squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL) groups with control group ( p = 0.0483 and p = 0.0330, respectively). Logistic regression analysis showed that after adjusting for age, the rs8067378 SNP of the GSDMB gene was significantly associated with the reduced risk of SIL under the dominant model (p = 0.0213, OR = 0.764, CI = 0.607–0.961) and the additive model (p = 0.0199, OR = 0.814, and CI = 0.684–0.968), and its mutant gene G may play a role in the progression of healthy people to LSIL and even HSIL as a protective factor. However, there was no significant association between cervical cancer and its subtypes with the control group (p > 0.05). After 10,000 permutations, there was still no correlation that has provided evidence for the accuracy of our study. Conclusion: The results of this study showed that rs8067378 single nucleotide polymorphism of the GSDMB gene may reduce the risk of SIL and protect the susceptibility to cervical precancerous lesions in the Northeast Chinese Han population, but it has no significant correlation with the progression of cervical cancer.
Exploring perspectives on healthy housing among low-income prospective residents of a future co-housing “Microvillage” in Geelong, Australia

ABSTRACT Housing unaffordability coupled with a decrease in social housing availability, have contributed to a greater proportion of Australians, including older people and those on low incomes, privately renting. While co-housing has been proposed as a solution to these issues, little is known about the potential ability of co-housing to offer healthy housing. This paper presents a qualitative research study of low-income potential residents’ perspectives on a “Microvillage” in Geelong, a large regional city outside of Melbourne. We conducted two focus groups with potential residents, as well as a series of semi-structured interviews with a sample of older women interested in the Microvillage. Data was analyzed thematically, with the Housing and Health Framework used to guide interpretation. Findings revealed potential residents felt a co-housing community like the proposed Microvillage supported health by offering residents a secure and affordable “home”; a “dwelling” that met diverse needs; a supportive “community” with shared values and interests; and access to amenities in the “immediate environment. ” Findings provide further evidence toward the benefits of co-housing, particularly for low-income residents with challenging housing histories, and supports its consideration as a potential solution to Australia’s increasing housing issues.
The Effect of Audit Fee, Audit Delay, and Auditor Switching on Audit Quality

The purpose of this research is empirically to examine the effect of audit fees, audit delay, and auditor switching on audit quality in state-owned companies (BUMN). Secondary data used in this study were obtained from the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX), namely all state-owned companies that published complete audited financial reports in the period 2016-2020. Audit quality is proxied by discretionary accruals in Kasznik's model. The Data were analyzed using analysis descriptive, coefficient of determination, f test, and t test. Simultaneously, the result of this study indicates that empirical evidence for audit fees, audit delay, and auditor switching have significant influence on audit quality. Partially, the audit fee and audit delay have significant influence on audit quality. Meanwhile, auditor switching has no significant influence on audit quality.
Analysis of the Equilibrium Phase in Immune-Controlled Tumors Provides Hints for Designing Better Strategies for Cancer Treatment

When it comes to improving cancer therapies, one challenge is to identify key biological parameters that prevent immune escape and maintain an equilibrium state characterized by a stable subclinical tumor mass, controlled by the immune cells. Based on a space and size structured partial differential equation model, we developed numerical methods that allow us to predict the shape of the equilibrium at low cost, without running simulations of the initial-boundary value problem. In turn, the computation of the equilibrium state allowed us to apply global sensitivity analysis methods that assess which and how parameters influence the residual tumor mass. This analysis reveals that the elimination rate of tumor cells by immune cells far exceeds the influence of the other parameters on the equilibrium size of the tumor. Moreover, combining parameters that sustain and strengthen the antitumor immune response also proves more efficient at maintaining the tumor in a long-lasting equilibrium state. Applied to the biological parameters that define each type of cancer, such numerical investigations can provide hints for the design and optimization of cancer treatments.
The Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Inequity in Routine Childhood Vaccination Coverage: A Systematic Review

Background: Routine childhood vaccination coverage rates fell in many countries during the COVID-19 pandemic, but the impact of inequity on coverage is unknown. Methods: We synthesised evidence on inequities in routine childhood vaccination coverage (PROSPERO, CRD 42021257431). Studies reporting empirical data on routine vaccination coverage in children 0–18 years old during the COVID-19 pandemic by equity stratifiers were systematically reviewed. Nine electronic databases were searched between 1 January 2020 and 18 January 2022. The risk of bias was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment Tool for Cohort Studies. Overall, 91 of 1453 studies were selected for full paper review, and thirteen met the inclusion criteria. Results: The narrative synthesis found moderate evidence for inequity in reducing the vaccination coverage of children during COVID-19 lockdowns and moderately strong evidence for an increase in inequity compared with pre-pandemic months (before March 2020). Two studies reported higher rates of inequity among children aged less than one year, and one showed higher inequity rates in middle- compared with high-income countries. Conclusions: Evidence from a limited number of studies shows the effect of the pandemic on vaccine coverage inequity. Research from more countries is required to assess the global effect on inequity in coverage.