Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Uncertainties in estimates of surface heat fluxes derived from marine reports over the tropical and subtropical oceans

Estimates are made of the uncertainties in calculations of the heat fluxes at the surface of the tropical and subtropical oceans based upon the bulk formulae and archived marine weather reports. Major contributions are identified not only in the basic observations of such variables as temperature and wind but also in uncertainties in parameters in the bulk formulae themselves. All identified factors are defined as either random or systematic. The potential effects of archiving and sampling errors are also explored. The total uncertainties for individual observations of the net solar and infrared irradiances and the latent and sensible heat fluxes are about 80, 10, 83 and 12 W m -2 , respectively. Because uncertainties associated with random errors decrease when many observations are averaged, the uncertainties in the fluxes decrease substantially when fifty or more observations are averaged together. However, since all of the surface fluxes have some systematic uncertainties associated with them, sizeable uncertainties remain, especially in the latent heat flux, even if an unlimited number of observations is available for calculating the means. Representative maps of uncertainties in 20-year monthly means of the component fluxes over the tropical Pacific show large uncertainties in the equatorial and southeastern oceans. Elsewhere, the net solar and infrared irradiance and sensible heat flux have uncertainties of 10 W m -2 or less. Unfortunately, the uncertainties in the latent heat flux exceed 30 W m -2 everywhere, because of the large systematic component. Total uncertainties in the net heating of the ocean surface are relatively large over the entire tropical Pacific with the smallest relative values in the eastern tropical region. DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0870.1989. tb00388.x
Bloch-wave engineered submicron-diameter quantum-dot micropillars for cavity QED experiments

The semiconductor micropillar is attractive for cavity QED experiments. For strong coupling, the figure of merit is proportional to Q/√V, and a design combining a high Q and a low mode volume V is thus desired. However, for the standard submicron diameter design, poor mode matching between the cavity and the DBR Bloch mode limits the Q. We present a novel adiabatic design where Bloch-wave engineering is employed to improve the mode matching, allowing the demonstration of a record-high vacuum Rabi splitting of 85 μeV and a Q of 13600 for a 850 nm diameter micropillar.
Variance asymptotics and central limit theorems for volumes of unions of random closed sets

Let X, X 1, X 2, … be a sequence of i.i. d. random closed subsets of a certain locally compact, Hausdorff and separable base space E. For a fixed normalised Borel measure μ on E, we investigate the behaviour of random variables μ(E \ (X 1 ∪ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∪ X n )) for large n. The results obtained include a description of variance asymptotics, strong law of large numbers and a central limit theorem. As an example we give an application of the developed methods for asymptotic analysis of the mean width of convex hulls generated by uniform samples from a multidimensional ball. Another example deals with unions of random balls in ℝ d with centres distributed according to a spherically-symmetric heavy-tailed law.
Reply to comment on ‘The polarizability of a confined atomic system: an application of the Dalgarno–Lewis method’

The purpose of the original paper by Antão and Peres [ 1 ] is to show that the polarisability of an atomic system, when in the vicinity of a surface, can be used as a nanometric ruler, emphasizing the pedagogical value of Dalgarno – Lewis perturbation theory. Indeed this is stated in the abstract of [ 1 ] ‘ . creating the possibility of using this quantity as a nanometric ruler ’ . That this is true, is evident from both ﬁ gures 3 and 5 of [ 1 ] , where the distance to the surface determines the overall appearance of both the static ( ﬁ gure 3 of [ 1 ] ) and dynamic ( ﬁ gure 5 of [ 1 ] ) polarizability. Maize and Smetanka do not question the validity of these results, simply stressing that they are off by an overall factor of 2, which we acknowledge. As well understood, an overall factor of 2 cannot change the physical properties of the problem and therefore the qualitative validity of the results. The other minor aspects of Maize ’ s and Smetanka ’ s comments are the following:
Heating Effects of Supra-arcade Downflows on Plasma above Solar Flare Arcades

We deliberately select three flares to investigate heating effects of supra-arcade downflows (SADs) on the surrounding fan plasma. Prior work found in one flare that the plasma around most SADs tends to heat up or stay the same temperature, accompanied by discernible signatures of the adiabatic heating due to plasma compression as well as viscous heating due to viscous motions of plasma. We extend this work to more flares and find that the heating effects of the SADs are also present in these events. The adiabatic heating is dominant over the viscous heating in each event. The adiabatic heating in the two M1.3 flares, being on the order of about 0.02–0.18 MK s−1, is fairly comparable. In the more energetic X1.7 flare, the adiabatic heating is on the order of 0.02–0.3 MK s−1, where we observe a more pronounced temperature increase during which dozens of SADs descend through the fan. As SADs constantly contribute to the heating of the surrounding fan plasma, the areas where SADs travel through tend to cool much slower than the areas without SADs, and the plasma of higher temperature ends up concentrating in areas where SADs frequently travel through. We also find that the cooling rate of areas without SADs is ∼1000 K s−1, much slower than would be expected from normal conductive cooling. Instead, the cooling rate can be interpreted nicely by a process where conductive cooling is suppressed by turbulence.
Oral Azvudine (FNC) Tablets in Patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 Omicron Variant: A Retrospective Cohort Study

Background: There is a lack of data on the efficacy of oral Azvudine in Coronavirus Disease treatment. This study aimed to assess the association between Azvudine treatment and clinical outcomes in a cohort of patients infected with the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant. Methods: This is a retrospective study conducted in two mobile cabin hospitals. All consecutive patients with a diagnosis of COVID-19 admitted from August to October 2022 were included in the study. Linear regression models and Cox proportional hazards models were used to assess the association between Azvudine treatment and time to obtain the first negative nucleic acid test results. Results: A total of 207 patients were analyzed, of whom 166 patients (80.2%) received Azvudine treatment after hospitalization, and the rest did not. Linear regression models showed that Azvudine treatment was associated with reduced time to obtain the first negative nucleic acid test results after adjusting for age and gender [mean difference = -1.658; 95% CI: -2.772 to -0.544, P = 0.0039]. The multivariable Cox analysis conforms to the results from the linear regression model (hazard ratio = 1.461; 95% CI: 1.01 to 2.11, P = 0.044). Conclusion: Azvudine treatment was associated with reduced virus shedding time. Further studies are needed to confirm our findings.
Diagrammatic, self-consistent treatment of the Anderson localization problem in d<=2 dimensions

A standard diagrammatic theory is formulated for the density response function 2 (g, ro) of a system of independent particles moving in a random potential. In the limit of small ii, m the Bethe-Salpeter equation for the particle-hole vertex function may be solved for y(l){, re ) in terms of a current relaxation kernel M {(i, ra ) [essentially the inverse of the diffusion coefficient D{g, co)]. M(g, co) is obtained as the sum of the imaginary part of the single-particle self-energy and the current matrix element of the irreducible kernel and is determined diagrammatically. A theorem is formulated, stating that any diagram for M(O, co) or D(O, co) containing a (bare) difFusion propagator belongs to a well-defined class of diagrams whose divergencies cancel each other, and an exact proof is presented. In particular, this implies that there are no divergent contributions to M(O, co) or D(O, co) from a difFusion propagator. However, in the presence of time-reversal invariance, M(i), cg) is shown to have infrared divergencies in d &2, signalling a breakdown of the perturbation expansion in terms of the scattering potential which has first been discussed by Abrahams et al. A self-consistent treatment in the weak-coupling limit yields a finite static polarizability a, a dynamical conductivity Reo (co) ~ cu for co — +0, and a finite localization length in d (2 for arbitrarily weak disorder. In d = 1 our results agree remarkably well with the exact solutions by Berezinsky and also Abrikosov and Ryshkin. Kysh kin.
Study of the Effect of Volume Fraction Concentration and Particle Materials on Thermal Conductivity and Thermal Diffusivity of Nanofluids

Nanofluids, a mixture of nanoparticles and fluids, have exceptional potential to improve their effective thermal conductivity and thermal diffusivity, aluminum and aluminum oxide nanofluids with five different volume fractions of nanoparticle suspensions in different base fluids, i.e., distilled water, ethylene glycol (EG), and ethanol were prepared by mixing nanopowder and base fluids. Sonication with high-powered pulses was used to ensure the dispersion of nanoparticles in good uniformity in the base fluids. The hot wire-laser beam displacement technique was used to measure thermal conductivity and thermal diffusivity of the prepared nanofluids. The effects of the volume fraction concentration and particle materials on the thermal conductivity and thermal diffusivity of nanofluids were determined. The results showed that the thermal conductivity and thermal diffusivity increased linearly with increasing volume fraction concentration of nanoparticles in the respective base fluids. In addition, the thermal conductivity and thermal diffusivity increased faster in the Al2O3 nanofluids than in all the three base fluids.
Fatigue and associated factors among adult cancer patients receiving cancer treatment at oncology unit in Amhara region, Ethiopia

Introduction Fatigue is one of the most commonly and frequently reported symptoms by cancer patients. The cause of fatigue is multifactorial in origin, and its impact varies in range from affecting patients’ daily social life, and physical, mental, economic, and social well-being to becoming a threat to their quality of life. Therefore every cancer patient needs to be screened for fatigue and considered as one of the vital signs. Objective To assess the prevalence of fatigue and associated factors among adult cancer patients, receiving cancer treatment at the oncology unit in Amhara region, Ethiopia, 2022. Method Institutional-based, cross-sectional study was conducted among adult cancer patients receiving cancer treatment from May 9th–June 8th, 2022. A stratified random sampling technique was used to select study participants. Data were entered into Epi data version 4.6 and then exported to the SPSS statistical package version 23 for further analysis. Both bivariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were carried out. P-values <0.05 in multivariable logistic regression were considered statistically significant. Results The prevalence of cancer-related fatigue was 77.3% at 95% CI (73.1–81.1) with nonresponse rate of 1.97% (9). Poor social support (AOR = 3.62; 95% CI: 1.53–8.60), anxiety (AOR = 3.13; 95% CI: 1.54–6.36), physical inactivity (AOR = 3.67; 95% CI: 1.74–7.54), underweight (AOR = 2.03; 95% CI: 1.05–3.90), anemia (AOR = 2.01; 95% CI: 1.04–3.90), surgery as a treatment modality (AOR = 0.21; 95% CI: 0.06–0.78), combination therapy (AOR = 3.56; 95% CI: 1.68–7.54), treatment less than 3 cycle (AOR = 4.43; 95% CI: 1.53–12.80), and treatment 3–5 cycle (AOR = 3.55; 95% CI: 1.38–9.09) were significantly associated factors with cancer related fatigue. Conclusion Psychosocial assessment and intervention, nutritional support, early intervention of anemia, and promoting exercise are the key elements to minimizing fatigue among cancer patients.
Bayesian Estimation in a Generalized Negative Binomial Distribution

A generalized negative binomial (GNB) distribution was introduced by JAIN and CONSUL (1971) and was modified by NELSON (1975). The probability function of the distribution is defined by the function p(x; m, β, θ)= θx (1 - θ)m+βx—x for x=0, 1, …, and zero otherwise, where m>0, 0<θ<1 and β=0 or 1≦β<θ−1. The Bayes estimators for a number of parametric functions of θ when m and β are known are derived. The prior information on θ may be given by a beta distribution, B(a, b), to which no subjective significance is attached. It has been illustrated that the parameters in the prior distribution can be assigned by a computer. Comparisons are made of the Bayes estimate of P(X=k) to the corresponding ML estimate and the MVU estimate for any given sample to the order n−1 for different values of k.
A Novel Approach to Determining the Alactic Time Span in Connection with Assessment of the Maximal Rate of Lactate Accumulation in Elite Track Cyclists.

PURPOSE Following short-term all-out exercise, the maximal rate of glycolysis is frequently assessed on the basis of the maximal rate of lactate accumulation in the blood. Since the end of the interval without significant accumulation (talac) is 1 of 2 denominators in the calculation employed, accurate determination of this parameter is crucial. Although the very existence and definition of talac, as well as the validity of its determination as time-to-peak power (tPpeak), remain controversial, this parameter plays a key role in anaerobic diagnostics. Here, we describe a novel approach to determination of talac and compare it to the current standard. METHODS Twelve elite track cyclists performed 3 maximal sprints (3, 8, and 12 s) and a high-rate, low-resistance pedaling test on an ergometer with monitoring of crank force and pedaling rate. Before and after each sprint, capillary blood samples were taken for determination of lactate accumulation. Fatigue-free force-velocity and power-velocity profiles were generated. talac was determined as tPpeak and as the time point of the first systematic deviation from the force-velocity profile (tFf). RESULTS Accumulation of lactate after the 3-second sprint was significant (0.58 [0.19] mmol L-1; P < .001, d = 1.982). tFf was <3 seconds and tPpeak was ≥3 seconds during all sprints (P < .001, d = - 2.111). Peak power output was lower than maximal power output (P < .001, d = -0.937). Blood lactate accumulation increased linearly with increasing duration of exercise (R2 ≥ .99) and intercepted the x-axis at ∼tFf. CONCLUSION Definition of talac as tPpeak can lead to incorrect conclusions. We propose determination of talac based on tFf, the end of the fatigue-free state that may reflect the beginning of blood lactate accumulation.
Some Stability Results on Krasnolslseskij and Ishikawa Fixed Point Iteration Procedures

In this study, we establish some stability results for the Krasnoselskij and the Ishikawa iteration procedures. We employ the same method as in Berinde[1], but using a more general contractive definition than those of Berinde[1], Rhoades[2], Harder and Hicks[3] and Osilike[4,5].
Review: Recommendations for male-friendly counselling with adolescent males: A qualitative systematic literature review.

BACKGROUND There are growing calls to tailor counselling practices for adolescent males, a population reluctant to engage in psychological treatment despite concerning rates of mental illness. The objective of this systematic review (PROSPERO: CRD4202125547) was to collate and synthesise recommendations for individual counselling with adolescent males (12-18 years). METHOD The databases Psychology and Behavioural Science Collection, PsycArticles, PsycINFO, Academic Search Complete, EBSCO eBook Collection, Wiley Science Collection, Taylor and Francis Collection and ProQuest One Academic were searched for articles published between 1995 and November 2021. The quality of evidence was assessed using the JBI critical appraisal checklists, and thematic analysis was employed to synthesise findings across the literature. RESULTS A total of 1625 texts were identified, of which 16 met the inclusion criteria. Generated themes included (a) therapist knowledge of masculinity, gender socialisation, and male-relational styles; (b) necessity of therapists to address masculinity in the therapeutic space; and (c) customising engagement and treatment practices to appeal to adolescent males. CONCLUSIONS The themes highlighted the unique developmental, and sociocultural considerations practitioners should be aware of when working with young men. Through a multicultural counselling competency framework, masculinity and adolescent male identity are expressions of diverse sociocultural identities that psychological assessment and intervention should ideally be tailored to suit. The findings of the review suggest that empirical research focusing on the experiences of adolescent males receiving psychological treatment is sparse. Further research is needed to inform the development of practicable, gender-sensitive adaptions to counselling practice for young men.
Disorders of Gut-Brain Interaction in a National Cohort of Children With Down Syndrome

Background/Aims Disorders of brain-gut interaction (DGBIs) are present in adults and children around the world. Down syndrome (DS) is the most common chromosomal condition in humans. While DS has associations with many organic medical conditions, the frequency of DGBIs in children and adolescents with DS has not previously been studied. We assess the rate of DGBIs in children and adolescents 4-18 years of age with DS in the United States using the Rome IV criteria by caregiver report. Methods This is a cross-sectional national survey study in which caregivers (n = 114) of children with DS completed an online survey about their child’s gastrointestinal symptoms and quality of life (QoL). Results Using the Rome IV parent-report diagnostic questionnaire, 51.8% of children met symptom-based criteria for at least 1 DGBI. Functional constipation (36.0%) and irritable bowel syndrome (14.9%) were the most common disorders identified. QoL was lower in children with at least 1 disorder as compared to children who did not meet criteria for any disorders (mean QoL = 62.3 vs mean QoL = 72.9, P < 0.001). Almost all children with DS and concomitant autism (87.5%) had at least 1 DGBI. Conclusions DGBIs are common in children with DS and are associated with diminished QoL.
Persistence of Immunogenicity of a Purified Inactivated Zika Virus Vaccine Candidate in Healthy Adults: 2 Years of Follow-up Compared With Natural Infection

Abstract Background We report 2-year persistence of immune response to Takeda's prophylactic purified formalin-inactivated whole Zika virus vaccine candidate (TAK-426) compared with that observed after natural infection. Methods A randomized, observer-blind, placebo-controlled, dose-selection, phase 1 trial was conducted in 18–49-year-old adults at 9 centers (7 in the United States, 2 in Puerto Rico) from 13 November 2017 to 24 November 2020. Primary objectives were safety, tolerability, and immunogenicity of 3 increasing doses of TAK-426 administered as 2 doses 28 days apart to flavivirus (FV)–naive and FV-primed adults. Here, we report on safety and persistence of immunity up to 2 years after primary vaccination with 10-μg TAK-426, the highest dose, and compare neutralizing antibody responses with those observed after natural infection. Results TAK-426 at 10-μg had an acceptable safety profile in FV-naive and FV-primed adults up to 24 months after dose 2. Seropositivity for neutralizing antibodies was 100% at 1 year, and 93.8% and 76.2% at 2 years in FV-naive and FV-primed groups, respectively. TAK-426 responses were comparable in magnitude and kinetics with those elicited by natural Zika virus infection. Conclusions These results support the further clinical development of TAK-426 for both FV-naive and FV-primed populations. Clinical Trials Registration NCT03343626
Direct Absorption of Solar Radiation by Atmospheric Water Vapor, Carbon Dioxide and Molecular Oxygen.

Abstract Based mainly on Howard, Burch and Williams' laboratory absorption data for the near infrared H2O and CO2, bands, and on the solar absorption data for the red and near infrared O2 bands, the direct absorption of solar radiation in near infrared atmospheric bands has been estimated. The estimated absorptivities of the H2O bands in the interval from 0.7 to 2.1 μ are in fair agreement with MeDonald's estimates which are based on Fowle's absorption data. However the absorptivities of the H2O bands from 0.7 to 6.3 μ are larger than McDonald's values. CO2 and O2 absorptions become increasingly important in the upper troposphere and in the stratosphere. Average heating (deg C day−1) was also estimated for London's model atmospheres for clear sky conditions, and compared with the similar estimate made by Roach. For the atmosphere above 300 mb the heating estimated in this paper exceeds that estimated by Roach. Conceivable causes of this discrepancy are pointed out.
Theory of plasma transport induced by low-frequency hydromagnetic waves

On the basis of the quasi-linear limit of the nonlinear gyrokinetic equations we have derived self-consistent, comprehensive theoretical results on plasma transport induced by low-frequency hydromagnetic waves. Effects such as finite ion Larmor radii, realistic magnetic field geometries, general plasma equilibria, magnetic trapping, and arbitrary wave polarizations are included in the present analysis. Corresponding transport equations for flux tube-averaged radial fluxes of particle, energy, and parallel momentum as well as local heating and parallel flow generation rates are obtained. The resultant transport coefficients exhibit the appealing physical pictures of exchanges of energies and momenta between resonant plasma particles and hydromagnetic wave quasi-particles. The present results also indicate that radial transport generally consists of convective components in addition to the usual diffusive ones. Applications to the particle transport at the dayside magnetopause as well as the nonlinear saturation of drift Alfven-ballooning mode instabilities [Chen and Hasegawa, 1991] are also presented.
The Slender Esophagus: Unrecognized Esophageal Narrowing in Eosinophilic Esophagitis

INTRODUCTION: Inflammation in eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) often leads to esophageal strictures. Evaluating esophageal narrowing is clinically challenging. We evaluated esophageal distensibility as related to disease activity, fibrosis, and dysphagia. METHODS: Adult patients with and without EoE underwent endoscopy and distensibility measurements. Histology, distensibility, and symptoms were analyzed. RESULTS: Patients with EoE had significantly lower distensibilities than controls. We found a cohort with esophageal diameter under 15 mm despite lack of dysphagia. DISCUSSION: This study raises concern that current assessments of fibrostenosis are suboptimal. We describe a cohort with unrecognized slender esophagus that were identified through impedance planimetry measurements. This tool provides additional information beyond symptomatic, histologic, and endoscopic assessments.