Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Depression and anxiety in social media: Jordan case study

The expression "social media" refers to a software-based platform developed for users’ benefit. People use it to gain social power, market their products, conduct online business, and share information and ideas. This digital ecosystem has become helpful in various ways, but research indicates that it does not come for free. Addiction, depression, and anxiety are some of the adverse conditions discussed in many studies. The purpose of this study is to mark if there is a relationship between using social media networks and the numbering of people with anxiety or depression. Also, by addressing the need to learn more about what makes people use social networks and how that use affects anxiety and depression in Arabic-speaking users in Jordan, we can help people from different cultures understand each other better. This research uses TAM, telepresence, and survey data from 1050 people, mainly from Jordan. The research looks at how the usage of social media is related to supposed usefulness, supposed ease of use, trust, social influence, age, gender, level of education, marital status, the time spent on the internet, preferred social media network, and perceived usefulness of SNS. AMOS 20 methods of confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), structural equation modeling (SEM), and machine learning (ML), such as SMO, ANN, random forest, and the bagging reduced error pruning tree (RepTree), were used to test the proposed model hypotheses. According to the results, the researchers found high correlations between social network usage and depression and anxiety. The use of social networking sites is also affected by how useful they are seen to be, how easy they are to use, trust, social influence, and telepresence. Also, the moderator's age, gender, level of education, marital status, amount of time spent on the internet, experience with the internet, and favorite social networks all affect how they plan to use social networks.
Visual Guidance for a Spatial Discrepancy Problem of in Encountered-Type Haptic Display

In virtual environments, spatial discrepancies between visual and haptic scenes negatively impact user performance and experience. This paper shows how spatial discrepancies due to pose differences can occur in a haptic augmented virtuality system with an encountered-type haptic display. To mitigate this problem, we propose visual guidance, an algorithm that dynamically manipulates the visual scene to compensate for discrepancies. The effectiveness of this algorithm was verified in a pair of studies involving a button pressing task and spatial discrepancies between ±150 mm and ±40°. Experimental results show that discrepant trials using the technique yield error rates and a number of speed peaks (representing the number of targeting movements) that are comparable to those attained in trials with zero spatial discrepancy. This result was also achieved without requiring a dedicated adaptation or training process, ensuring the algorithm can be used immediately by users. A pair of follow-up studies also indicates the algorithm has little impact on subjective ratings of simulator sickness, suggesting that sporadic use of the algorithm will not negatively affect user’s experience of a virtual environment. We believe that the visual guidance algorithm presented in this paper can be used to create more useful and compelling experiences in various haptic training applications incorporating encountered-type haptic displays.
Comparing the development of the multiplication of fractions in Turkish and American textbooks

ABSTRACT This study analyzed the methods used to teach the multiplication of fractions in Turkish and American textbooks. Two Turkish textbooks and two American textbooks, Everyday Mathematics (EM) and Connected Mathematics 3 (CM), were analyzed. The analyses focused on the content and the nature of the mathematical problems presented in the textbooks. The findings of the study showed that the American textbooks aimed at developing conceptual understanding first and then procedural fluency, whereas the Turkish textbooks aimed at developing both concurrently. The American textbooks provided more opportunities for different computational strategies. The solutions to most problems in all textbooks required a single computational step, a numerical answer, and procedural knowledge. Furthermore, compared with the Turkish textbooks, the American textbooks contained a greater number of problems that required high-level cognitive skills such as mathematical reasoning.
Mentoring faculty: impact, dyads vs. groups, and gender

ABSTRACT Through a quantitative analysis using a cross-sectional survey design, we compared two faculty mentoring programmes (individual and group) that have run for more than 10 years at the Centre for Academic Leadership at the University of Ottawa. We did so to share the lessons with other higher education institutions that are looking at initiating or improving support for faculty members. The impact of mentoring, gathered through programme evaluation questionnaires was found to be largely positive: 93% of the 170 respondents were satisfied with their mentoring experience, and 97% agreed that they would recommend mentoring to their colleagues. Our analysis showed that group mentoring was more effective than one-on-one mentoring, and that women faculty members were not as satisfied with mentoring as their male colleagues.
Broadband Nonlinear Photonics in Few‐Layer MXene Ti3C2Tx (T = F, O, or OH)

Studies of the nonlinear optical phenomena that describe the light‐matter interactions in 2D crystalline materials have promoted a diverse range of photonic applications. MXene, as a recently developed new 2D material, has attracted considerable attention because of its graphene‐like but highly tunable and tailorable electronic/optical properties. In this study, we systematically characterize the nonlinear optical response of MXene Ti3C2Tx nanosheets over the spectral range of 800 nm to 1800 nm. A large effective nonlinear absorption coefficient (βeff∼‐10−21 m2/V2) due to saturable absorption is observed for all of the testing wavelengths. The contribution of saturable absorption is two orders of magnitude higher than other lossy nonlinear absorption processes, and the amplitude of βeff strongly depends on the light bleaching level. A negative nonlinear refractive index (n2∼‐10−20 m2/W) with value comparable to that of the intensively studied graphene was demonstrated for the first time. These results demonstrate the efficient broadband light signal manipulating capabilities of Ti3C2Tx, which is only one member of the large MXene family. The capability of an efficient broadband optical switch is strongly confirmed using Ti3C2Tx as saturable absorbers for mode‐locking operation at 1066 nm and 1555 nm, respectively. A highly stable femtosecond laser with pulse duration as short as 159 fs in the telecommunication window is readily obtained. Considering the diversity of the MXene family, this study may open a new avenue to advanced photonic devices.
Searching for Physics Beyond the Standard Model and Beyond

Author(s): Abdullah, Mohammad | Advisor(s): Shirman, Yuri | Abstract: The hierarchy problem, convolved with the various known puzzles in particle physics, grants us a great outlook of new physics soon to be discovered. We present multiple approaches to searching for physics beyond the standard model. First, two models with a minimal amount of theoretical guidance are analyzed using existing or simulated LHC data. Then, an extension of the Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model (MSSM) is studied with an emphasis on the cosmological implications as well as the current and future sensitivity of colliders, direct detection and indirect detection experiments. Finally, a more complete model of the MSSM is presented through which we attempt to resolve tension with observations within the context of gauge mediated supersymmetry breaking.
Cosmic condensates - vortex, fluxtube and neutron star dynamics

This thesis studies the implications of cosmic condensates, specifically the dynamics of superfluid vortices and superconducting fluxtubes, on astrophysical observables. Firstly, several mutual friction forces, arising from the interactions of vortices and their surroundings, are examined. We separately address mesoscopic mechanisms acting in the neutron star core and crust and analyse the strength of the resulting macroscopic mutual friction for realistic equations of state. It is obtained that the coupling strengths vary significantly within both layers and the dissipation changes drastically across the crust-core boundary. In analogy with helium experiments, the interface should therefore have important implications for the stars’ rotational properties. This is followed by an analysis of mechanisms affecting the superconducting flux-tubes. Their motion governs the dynamics of the interior magnetic field and characteristic evolution timescales are presented for a realistic equation of state. While these results are only preliminary and a more detailed analysis of additional processes is needed, they point towards deficiencies in earlier work on this subject. Subsequently, one of the flux-tube mechanisms is investigated in more detail and the analogy with normal magneto-hydrodynamics is employed to derive a superconducting induction equation. While this equation differs significantly from the normal resistive equivalent, several key notions of standard magnetohydrodynamics are retained. From the field evolution equation we further deduce that the canonical fluxtube dissipation is not strong enough to explain field evolution timescales invoked from observations. To reconcile these, entirely different fluxtube coupling mechanisms are required. Finally, the possibility of using laboratory condensates to study aspects of neutron star physics, only poorly understood, is examined. Specifically helium, ultra-cold gases and superconductors are prime candidates to mimic the behaviour of neutron stars on smaller scales. By looking at typical characteristics such as the two-fluid nature, super-fluid turbulence and pinning, we find that terrestrial quantum states could provide a promising new angle to fill the missing pieces of neutron star astrophysics.
Entrainment versus Dilution in Tropical Deep Convection

AbstractThe distinction between entrainment and dilution is investigated with cloud-resolving simulations of deep convection in a tropical environment. A method for estimating the rate of dilution by entrainment and detrainment is presented and calculated for a series of bubble simulations with a range of initial radii. Entrainment generally corresponds to dilution of convection, but the two quantities are not well correlated. Core dilution by entrainment is significantly reduced by the presence of a shell of moist air around the core. Dilution by entrainment also increases with increasing updraft velocity but only for sufficiently strong updrafts. Entrainment contributes significantly to the total net dilution, but detrainment and the various source/sink terms play large roles depending on the variable in question. Detrainment has a concentrating effect on average that balances out the dilution by entrainment. The experiments are also used to examine whether entrainment or dilution scale with cloud radiu.
Modeling of Inert Gas Sensors Using First Principles Methods

The detection of inert gases is difficult due to their inactive nature, which makes the preparation of the applicable gas sensor a challenging task. This work reports comprehensive first-principles investigations to design inert gas sensors. Graphene (Gr) sheets decorated with palladium (Pd) clusters Pdn ( ${n}$ = 2–6) were optimized after which adsorption of inert gases He, Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe, and Rn was carried out using the density functional theory (DFT)-based formalism. The reactivity of the sensors comprising Pd cluster-decorated-defected graphene is significantly higher than that of the sensor with a bare and defect-free graphene sheet. The adsorption caused redistribution of the electronic structure which provides the basis for sensing the adsorbate. The gas sensor Pd2–Gr exhibited good sensitivity toward neon and xenon while Pd3–Gr appeared more effective in the detection of krypton gas. Helium is appropriately detected by the Pd4–Gr sensor and the Pd5–Gr sensor is found capable of sensing radon and argon gases. The Pd6–Gr sensor is not a favorable sensor for sensing inert gases. The findings of this work are beneficial for the fabrication of inert gas sensors for small and industrial-scale applications.
Changing Trends of Cutaneous Lupus Erythematosus (CLE) in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Northern Odisha, India

Background: Cutaneous lupus erythematosus (CLE) is a chronic autoimmune inflammatory skin disorder. Several studies have been published regarding its prevalence, demographic details, clinical spectrum, and various associated factors. In our out patient department (OPD), we noticed an increase in the number of cases of CLE in our area in the last few years. Therefore, the current cross-sectional study was conducted to assess the trends of CLE among patients who reported to a tertiary care hospital. Materials and Methods: The current study is a record-based cross-sectional study of 81 patients of CLE, who attended the dermatology OPD of a tertiary care hospital. Data were collected from 2017 to 2022 and were divided into three different periods of time (2017-2018, 2019-2020, and 2021-2022). Demographic details, clinical examination findings, and laboratory investigation reports were also collected. Results: There was a rising trend in the cases of CLE. Females outnumbered males (2:1, 66.67%). The increase in cases from 2017-2018 to 2019-2020 was 157% and from 2019-2020 to 2021-2022 was 204%. In 2021-2022, 52% of cases of chronic CLE (CCLE) were males. Photosensitivity was the most common finding. The majority of patients were addicted to smoking. Conclusion: The current study noticed an increasing trend in all types of CLE. So, this rising trend should be investigated for possible triggering factors like climatic changes, infections, and drug factors with a larger sample size.
On the Modeling of Elastic Solids by Using Orthonormal Dual Tensors

A new modeling of elastic solids capable of polar description is presented. The primary d.o. f. of a material particle is the rototranslation as a whole. By resorting to the algebra of dual numbers, the rototranslation is represented by an orthonormal dual tensor that inherits all the properties of the rotation. A variational formulation fit for the proposed modeling is outlined and reduced to the case of non-polar materials. The discrete problem exploits consistent multiplicative interpolation and updating technique of the kinematical field. The first results of the finite-element implementation concern simulations of high geometrical nonlinearities in bending dominated problems.
How to Develop Students' Experience on Mathematical Proof in Group Theory Course by Conditioning-Reinforcement-Scaffolding

Some mathematicians and mathematics educators attested that students found difficulties in mathematical proving. The difficulties faced by students in conducting mathematical proofs, including: (1) problems in reading and understanding mathematical proofs; (2) presents a mathematical proof; (3) to prove directly, indirectly or by mathematical induction (4) and develop mathematical arguments to prove or disprove a statement. Meanwhile, mathematical proof have an important role in group theory course. As a consequence, mathematical proof is an activity that is too important to ignore. Therefore this study focus on develop students experience of mathematical proof in group theory course by conditioning-reinforcementscaffolding (CRS). The research aprroach is quantitative, and reasearch methods is experiment with quasi experimental design; the matching-only pretest-posttest control group design. The findings show that Ability of mathematical proofs through the implementation of CSR theory better than the ability of mathematical proofs through the implementation of constructivist theory. Keywords— Conditioning, Mathematical Proof, Reinforcement, Scaffolding
Effects of Excessive Screen Time on Child Development: An Updated Review and Strategies for Management

Children's heavy reliance on screen media has raised serious public health issues since it might harm their cognitive, linguistic, and social-emotional growth. This study examines the effects of screen time on many developmental domains and covers management and limitation techniques for kids' screen usage. Screen media has a wide range of cognitive consequences, with both beneficial and detrimental effects noted. Screens can improve education and learning; however, too much time spent in front of a screen and multitasking with other media has been related to worse executive functioning and academic performance. As screen time reduces the amount and quality of interactions between children and their caregivers, it can also have an impact on language development. Contextual elements like co-viewing and topic appropriateness are key in determining how language development is impacted. Additionally, excessive screen usage has detrimental effects on social and emotional growth, including a rise in the likelihood of obesity, sleep disorders, and mental health conditions including depression and anxiety. It can obstruct the ability to interpret emotions, fuel aggressive conduct, and harm one's psychological health in general. Setting boundaries, utilizing parental controls, and demonstrating good screen behavior are all techniques that parents may use to manage children's screen usage. We can reduce the possible negative impacts of excessive screen time and promote children's healthy development and well-being by increasing knowledge and encouraging alternative activities that stimulate development.
HFSA: A Semi-Asynchronous Hierarchical Federated Recommendation System in Smart City

In modern society, recommendation systems (RSs) already become an indispensable component, especially in smart cities. Their recommendation performance is greatly affected by the available analyzing data, but centralized massive data can cause data privacy issues. Hence, federated learning is applied to achieve a higher recommendation accuracy without sharing raw data. To improve the performance and reliability of traditional federated RSs, we propose HFSA, a semi-asynchronous hierarchical federated RS. First, from the architecture perspective, an edge server layer is involved between the central server and clients, which alleviates the server’s communication pressure and enhances the recommendation model training by configuring the global aggregation frequency. Besides, a semi-asynchronous aggregation mechanism is designed. It collects local parameters as much as possible within the predefined aggregation cycle and allows the slow clients to contribute their model parameters asynchronously. The tolerate round and dynamic participation time weights shield the heterogeneity and instability of edge clients and ensure the convergence of the global model. Compared with several classical baselines, the experimental results show that HFSA can achieve a relatively better recommendation performance with high accuracy and less training time. In addition, the influential factors of HFSA are evaluated as well.
Neural Network Dynamic Surface Backstepping Control for the Speed and Tension System of Reversible Cold Strip Rolling Mill

To weaken the influences of uncertainties and system coupling items on the coordinated tracking control performance of the speed and tension system of a reversible cold strip rolling mill, a control strategy is proposed based on nonlinear disturbance observers (NDOs), dynamic surface backstepping control, and neural network adaptive approximation. First, the transformation form of the system model is given, and then NDOs are developed to counteract the unmatched uncertainties. Next, controllers for the speed and tension system are presented by combining backstepping with dynamic surface control. Again, the neural network adaptive method is used to approximate the matched uncertainties of the system, and the approximation values are introduced into the designed controllers for compensation. Finally, simulation research is carried out on the speed and tension system of a 1422 mm reversible cold strip rolling mill by using the actual data, and the results show the validity of the proposed control strategy in comparison with the decentralized overlapping control strategy.
Associated risk factors of renal failure among patients attending Hemodialysis center at Al-Thwara Authority Hospital in IBB city, Yemen: A cross sectional study

Background: Chronic renal failure is a major public health problem. Identifying individual’s risk factors are important to prevent infection of chronic renal failure. Objective: this study aimed to highlight the risk factors associated with chronic renal failure for patients attending hemodialysis center at Al-Thwara Authority Hospital in Ibb city, Yemen. Methods: the study is hospital-based cross sectional study. A total 100 patients collected randomly from hemodialysis centre at Al-Thwara Authority Hospital in Ibb, Yemen. Socio-demographic data, behavioral factors, medical history determined using a standardized questionnaire and analyzed by using IBM SPSS version 22 and Microsoft Excel. Results: the mean age of patients was 45.75 years, and most of them were in the range of 38-46 years. Males were 60% and 40% were females. Married subjects represented 86% and 38% of patients had primary education. Of the 100 respondents, 83% drink tap water, 86%Khat chewers, 75% consume soft drinks, 51% smokers, 48% had urinary tract infections and 30% urinary stones. Participants who used non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs represent 29% of the sample, 18% had heart disease and 14% of patients had pervious malaria infection. About 46% of the patients were hypertensive before their infection with renal failure, and 16% diabetics. There is association between gender of patients and heart diseases and malaria infection. Statistics correlation between age of patients and Khat chewing and smoking was estimated. Conclusion: this study suggests that, khat chewing, consumption of tap water, soft drinks and smoking increase the risk of chronic renal failure among Yemenis.
Periodic Variations of Pressure, Wind and Rainfall Observed at Miyakojima during the Second Miyakojima Typhoon

During the passage of the Second Miyakojima Typhoon the barograph at Miyakojima recorded a pronounced pressure oscillation with the period of about 50 min on September 5, 1966. The recorded oscillation extended over half a day and had a maximum double amplitude exceeding 10mb. Simultaneously, wind and rainfall intensity showed periodic variations with the approximately same period, too. It is shown that the periodic variations of these elements were associated with the counterclockwise rotation of an elliptical eye revealed by radar observation.