Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Methanolysis of Africa Pear Seed Oil via Thermally Activated Empty Palm Fruit Bunch Ash (TAEPFBA) Catalyst, ANN Prediction and Sensitivity Analysis

This study investigated the catalytic effect of thermal modified empty palm fruit bunch ash (TAEPFBA) on the transesterification reaction of Africa pear seed oil (APSO) with optimization of the process variable, and relative contribution of each variable ascertained. The TAEPFBA was synthesized from empty palm fruit bunches while the APSO was extracted via solvent extraction. The oil and catalyst were characterized using American Standard for Testing of Material (ASTM) and analytical tools. The biodiesel was produced at optimal condition and the yield of biodiesel was predicted with artificial neural network (ANN). The methyl ester produced was characterized and compared with standard properties for its application. The results showed that the oil and catalyst had comparable properties with other oils and catalysts that have been used for transesterification. The optimal conditions for transesterification reaction are temperature of 60oC, reaction time of 3hrs, 10:1 methanol/oil molar ratio, 3wt % catalyst dosage and agitation speed of 300rpm with biodiesel yield of 75%. The biodiesel produced was within the acceptable standard. The ANN predicted the yield of biodiesel with a mean square error (MSE) value of 0.0214 less than 0.05 level of significant. The contributive impact of each process variable shows that the temperature has the highest relative impact on the yield of biodiesel while the methanol/oil molar ratio has the least contribution The overall result shows that the catalyst (TAEPFBA) has the potential to convert the APSO to alkyl ester and the yield can be predicted with ANN tool.
THE METAL-WEAK AOIII STAR ALPHA DRACONIS.

Two fine analyses of the A0 III star Alpha Dra were performed using the same sources of atomic data, the same spectrophotometric data, and the same model-atmospheres code, but with photographic region spectrograms obtained at two different observatories, Kitt Peak National Observatory and Dominion Astrophysical Observatory. The resultant values show differences typically of the order of a factor of two with the higher signal-to-noise data yielding smaller abundances. On the whole, Alpha Dra is a star with abundances typically one-third solar; however, it is definitely scandium and nickel poor. Its abundance pattern shows a strong resemblance to those of Vega and other metal-poor A stars.
Airborne remote sensing for Deepwater Horizon oil spill emergency response

On April 28, 2010, the Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) Airborne Spectral Photometric Environmental Collection Technology (ASPECT) aircraft was deployed to Gulfport, Mississippi to provide airborne remotely sensed air monitoring and situational awareness data and products in response to the Deepwater Horizon oil rig disaster. The ASPECT aircraft was released from service on August 9, 2010 after having flown over 75 missions that included over 250 hours of flight operation. ASPECT's initial mission responsibility was to provide air quality monitoring (i.e., identification of vapor species) during various oil burning operations. The ASPECT airborne wide-area infrared remote sensing spectral data was used to evaluate the hazard potential of vapors being produced from open water oil burns near the Deepwater Horizon rig site. Other significant remote sensing data products and innovations included the development of an advanced capability to correctly identify, locate, characterize, and quantify surface oil that could reach beaches and wetland areas. This advanced identification product provided the Incident Command an improved capability to locate surface oil in order to improve the effectiveness of oil skimmer vessel recovery efforts directed by the US Coast Guard. This paper discusses the application of infrared spectroscopy and multispectral infrared imagery to address significant issues associated with this national crisis. More specifically, this paper addresses the airborne remote sensing capabilities, technology, and data analysis products developed specifically to optimize the resources and capabilities of the Deepwater Horizon Incident Command structure personnel and their remediation efforts.
Convective Stability of a General Viscoelastic Fluid Heated from Below

The stability problem for a plane layer of a general viscoelastic (simple) fluid heated from below is investigated. The nature of the problem suggests that linear viscoelasticity assumptions are sufficient to fully describe the phenomena. It is shown that under certain conditions the fluid is overstable; namely, an oscillating cell structure will be created before the classical (Benard) steady secondary‐flow instability appears. Stability criteria for the oscillatory modes have been found as well as wavenumber and oscillation periods for both rigid and free boundaries. The theoretical results have been applied to a Maxwell fluid and to some real viscoelastic solutions. The numerical results for the latter suggest that although oscillation of Benard cells is theoretically possible, very high‐temperature gradients or high gravitational fields would be required before the oscillating cells could be observed in common polymer solutions of moderate viscosity.
Inspecting baby Skyrmions with effective metrics

In the present paper we investigate the causal structure of the baby Skyrme model using appropriate geometrical tools. We discuss several features of excitations propagating on top of background solutions and show that the evolution of high frequency waves is governed by a curved effective geometry. Examples are given for which the effective metric describes the interaction between waves and solitonic solutions such as kinks, antikinks, and hedgehogs. In particular, it is shown how violent processes involving the collisions of solitons and antisolitons may induce metrics which are not globally hyperbolic. We argue that it might be illuminating to calculate the effective metric as a diagnostic test for pathological regimes in numerical simulations.
The dynamic interactions of economic growth, foreign direct investment, and exchange rates in Ghana

Abstract This study examines the dynamic interactions among foreign direct investment (FDI), economic growth (GDPG), and real exchange rate (RER) in Ghana using time series data over the period 1996 to 2018, and two econometric models: a trivariate VAR and the ARDL bound test. The results reveal that no long-run relationship exists among the variables. However, a positive causal shock flows from both FDI and RER to GDPG. Also, the response of FDI to the shock in RER is positive. Therefore, it is recommended that the government implements policies that will ensure optimal balance in this nexus since a close and inter-reliant link exists among the variables.
Hardware-Efficient and Short Sensing-Time Multicoset-Sampling Based Wideband Spectrum Sensor for Cognitive Radio Network

This work proposes implementation friendly algorithm for multicoset sampling based wideband spectrum sensing that alleviates computational space and enables parallel execution, incurring lower latency. Based on this proposed algorithm, we provide a new hardware-efficient VLSI architecture of wideband spectrum sensor (WSSR), which offers short sensing time while sensing the wideband spectrum. Additionally, this paper presents a comprehensive discussion of all the submodule micro-architectures of the proposed WSSR. Subsequently, extensive performance analyses performed in the AWGN channel environment have demonstrated that our WSSR delivers adequate detection probability of 0.9 at -5 dB of SNR. Furthermore, the proposed WSSR design also uses a Zynq UltraScale+ FPGA board with a $14.16~\mu \text{s}$ sensing time and a 2.63 GHz maximum sensing bandwidth. Comparison of our hardware implementation results has shown that the proposed WSSR achieves 38.5% higher sensing bandwidth and 90% shorter sensing time, in comparison to the state-of-the-art work. Eventually, this paper concludes by showing the ASIC synthesis and post-layout simulation results of the proposed WSSR in 90 nm-CMOS technology, which senses $5.4\times $ wider bandwidth than the state-of-the-art implementation.
A note on the automorphism group of the Hamming graph

Let $\Omega$ be a $m$-set, where $m>1$, is an integer. The Hamming graph $H(n,m)$, has $\Omega ^{n}$ as its vertex-set, with two vertices are adjacent if and only if they differ in exactly one coordinate. In this paper, we provide a proof on the automorphism group of the Hamming graph $H(n,m)$, by using elementary facts of group theory and graph theory.
Lebesgue Orbit Equivalence of Multidimensional Borel Flows

The main result of the paper is classification of free multidimensional Borel flows up to Lebesgue Orbit Equivalence, by which we understand an orbit equivalence that preserves the Lebesgue measure on each orbit. Two non smooth Euclidean flows are shown to be Lebesgue Orbit Equivalence if and only if they admit the same number of invariant ergodic probability measures.
Reduction of nonholonomic systems in two stages and Hamiltonization

In this paper we study the reduction of a nonholonomic system by a group of symmetries in two steps. Using the so-called vertical-symmetry condition, we first perform a compression of the nonholonomic system leading to an almost symplectic manifold. Second, we perform an (almost) symplectic reduction, relying on the existence of a momentum map. In this case, we verify that the resulting (almost) symplectic reduced spaces are the leaves of the characteristic foliation of the reduced nonholonomic bracket. On each leaf we study the (Lagrangian) equations of motion, obtaining a nonholonomic version of the Lagrange–Routh equations, and we analyze the existence of a conformal factor for the reduced bracket in terms of the existence of conformal factors for the almost symplectic leaves. We also relate the conditions for the existence of a momentum map for the compressed system with gauge transformations by 2-forms. The results are illustrated in three different examples.
Simultaneous gates in frequency-crowded multilevel systems using fast, robust, analytic control shapes

We present a few-parameter ansatz for pulses to implement a broad set of simultaneous single-qubit rotations in frequency-crowded multilevel systems. Specifically, we consider a system of two qutrits whose working and leakage transitions suffer from spectral crowding (detuned by $\delta$). In order to achieve precise controllability, we make use of two driving fields (each having two quadratures) at two different tones to implement arbitrary simultaneous rotations. Expanding the waveforms in terms of Hanning windows, we show how analytic pulses containing smooth and composite-pulse features can easily achieve gate errors less than $10^{-4}$ and considerably outperform known adiabatic techniques. Moreover, we find a generalization of the WahWah method by Schutjens et al. [Phys. Rev. A 88, 052330 (2013)] that allows precise separate single-qubit rotations for all gate times beyond a quantum speed limit. We find in all cases a quantum speed limit slightly below $2\pi/\delta$ for the gate time and show that our pulses are robust against variations in system parameters and filtering due to transfer functions, making them suitable for experimental implementations.
Generalizations of $Q$-systems and Orthogonal Polynomials from Representation Theory

We briefly describe what tau-functions in integrable systems are. We then define a collection of tau-functions given as matrix elements for the action of $\widehat{GL_2}$ on two-component Fermionic Fock space. These tau-functions are solutions to a discrete integrable system called a $Q$-system. We can prove that our tau-functions satisfy $Q$-system relations by applying the famous "Desnanot-Jacobi identity" or by using "connection matrices", the latter of which gives rise to orthogonal polynomials. In this paper, we will provide the background information required for computing these tau-functions and obtaining the connection matrices and will then use the connection matrices to derive our difference relations and to find orthogonal polynomials. We generalize the above by considering tau-functions that are matrix elements for the action of $\widehat{GL_3}$ on three-component Fermionic Fock space, and discuss the new system of discrete equations that they satisfy. We will show how to use the connection matrices in this case to obtain "multiple orthogonal polynomials of type II".
Evolutionary Placement of Discrete Heaters in Forced Convection

This article aims to maximize the global conductance (C) of a symmetrical, discretely heated channel in forced convection, where the fluid flow is sustained by a fixed pressure difference given by the Bejan number. The maximization of C is obtained by determining the optimal arrangement of the discrete heaters along the channel and the optimal channel breadth with the help of a genetic algorithm (GA) that is fully coupled with the finite-element methods used for solving the conservation equations. The number of independent variables considered in the optimization process varies between N + 1 and 2N + 1, where N is the number of heat sources (1 ≤ N ≤ 20) and the extra unit represents the channel height. The numerical results agree with the available literature, showing that increased values of C are obtained with designs that do not use equally spaced heaters. The results show that a larger number of discrete heaters can provide higher values of global conductance when compared with fully optimized simpler designs (i.e., a small number of discrete heaters), which is also in agreement with previous studies. Designs with heaters of variable heat strength are also considered, to study the optimal allocation of the total heat input through the N heaters. This family of designs leads to even higher performance.
Dispersive estimates for the Schrödinger and Klein-Gordon equations

This is a survey of results on the long-time asymptotic behaviour of solutions of the Schrödinger and Klein-Gordon equations in weighted energy norms. Results obtained from 1975 to 2001 in the spectral scattering theory of Agmon, Jensen-Kato, Jensen-Nenciu, and Murata are described for the Schrödinger equation, along with the author's recent results [1]-[3] obtained jointly with A.I. Komech for the Klein-Gordon equation. The methods used develop the spectral approach as applied to relativistic equations. Bibliography: 40 titles.
Error bounds and analysis of proper orthogonal decomposition model reduction methods using snapshots from the solution and the time derivatives

Proper orthogonal decomposition methods for model reduction utilize information about the solution at certain time and parameter points to generate a reduced space basis. In this paper, we compare two proper orthogonal decomposition methods for reducing large systems of ODEs. The first method is based on collecting snapshots from the solutions only; the second method uses snapshots from both the solutions and their time derivatives. To compare the methods, we derive new bounds for the 2-norm of the approximation error induced by the each of the methods. The bounds are represented as a sum of two terms: the first depends on the size of the first neglected singular value while the second depends only on the spacings between the snapshots. We performed numerical experiments to compare the errors from the two model reduction methods applied to the semidiscretized FitzHugh-Nagumo system and investigated the relation between the behavior of the numerically observed error and the error bounds. We find that the error bounds, though not tight, provide insights and justification for using time derivative snapshots in POD model reduction for dynamical systems.
Stable controller design for MIMO systems : an LMI approach

A unified approach to the strong stabilisation problem and the H infin strong stabilisation problem is presented. New sufficient conditions for the existence of strongly stabilising controllers and stable H infin controllers are derived, in a unified manner, in terms of the solvability of a positive real controller synthesis problem and a multi-objective control problem, respectively. A linear matrix inequality (LMI) technique developed by Scherer et al. is adopted to make the most use of its power to deal with the general case of the problems. Several advantages brought by the adopted LMI technique are explored. New parameterisations of stable controllers for both the problems are discussed. In particular, the parameterisations are independent of a particular method for solving strong stabilisation problems. Explicit state-space synthesis algorithms are given and numerical examples are provided to demonstrate the potential of the proposed methods
Tannaka Theory over Sup-Lattices

The main result of this thesis is the construction of a tannakian context over the category of sup-lattices, associated with an arbitrary Grothendieck topos, and the attainment of new results in tannakian representation theory from it. Although many results were obtained and published historically linking Galois and Tannaka theory (see our introduction), these are different and less general since they assume the existence of Galois closures and work on Galois topos rather than on arbitrary topos. Instead we, when talking about Galois theory, mean the extension to arbitrary topos of Joyal and Tierney, critical to get the results of this thesis. The tannakian context associated with a Grothendieck topos is obtained through the process of taking relations of its localic cover. Then, through an investigation and exhaustive comparison of the constructions of the Galois and Tannaka theories, we prove the equivalence of their fundamental recognition theorems (see section 8). Since the (bi)categories of relations of a Grothendieck topos were characterized by Carboni and Walters, a new recognition-type tannakian theorem (theorem 8.12) is obtained, essentially different from those known so far.
Floer homology and Lagrangian concordance

We derive constraints on Lagrangian concordances from Legendrian submanifolds of the standard contact sphere admitting exact Lagrangian fillings. More precisely, we show that such a concordance induces an isomorphism on the level of bilinearised Legendrian contact cohomology. This is used to prove the existence of non-invertible exact Lagrangian concordances in all dimensions. In addition, using a result of Eliashberg-Polterovich, we completely classify exact Lagrangian concordances from the Legendrian unknot to itself in the tight contact-three sphere: every such concordance is the trace of a Legendrian isotopy. We also discuss a high dimensional topological result related to this classification.
Asymptotic covariance structure of serial correlations in multivariate time series

SUMMARY A simple proof of the asymptotic joint normality of any finite set of serial correlations of a general multivariate second-order stationary time series is presented and an explicit formula for the asymptotic covariance between two serial correlations is derived. The latter extends Bartlett's formula for the asymptotic covariance between two sample cross-correlations.
Positive contraction mappings for classical and quantum Schrödinger systems

The classical Schrodinger bridge seeks the most likely probability law for a diffusion process, in path space, that matches marginals at two end points in time; the likelihood is quantified by the relative entropy between the sought law and a prior. Jamison proved that the new law is obtained through a multiplicative functional transformation of the prior. This transformation is characterised by an automorphism on the space of endpoints probability measures, which has been studied by Fortet, Beurling, and others. A similar question can be raised for processes evolving in a discrete time and space as well as for processes defined over non-commutative probability spaces. The present paper builds on earlier work by Pavon and Ticozzi and begins by establishing solutions to Schrodinger systems for Markov chains. Our approach is based on the Hilbert metric and shows that the solution to the Schrodinger bridge is provided by the fixed point of a contractive map. We approach, in a similar manner, the steering of .
The effect of plasma shaping on turbulent transport and E×B shear quenching in nonlinear gyrokinetic simulations

Nonlinear gyrokinetic simulations with kinetic electron dynamics are used to study the effects of plasma shaping on turbulent transport and E×B shear in toroidal geometry including the presence of kinetic electrons using the GYRO code. Over 120 simulations comprised of systematic scans were performed around several reference cases in the local, electrostatic, collisionless limit. Using a parameterized local equilibrium model for shaped geometry, the GYRO simulations show that elongation κ (and its gradient) stabilizes the energy transport from ion temperature gradient (ITG) and trapped electron mode (TEM) instabilities at fixed midplane minor radius. For scans around a reference set of parameters, the GYRO ion energy diffusivity, in gyro-Bohm units, approximately follows a κ−1 scaling which is qualitatively similar to recent experimental energy confinement scalings. Most of the κ scaling is due to the shear in the elongation rather than the local κ itself. The κ scaling for the electrons is found to vary .
Lifted and geometric differentiability of the squared quadratic Wasserstein distance

In this paper, we remark that any optimal coupling for the quadratic Wasserstein distance $W^2_2(\mu,\nu)$ between two probability measures $\mu$ and $\nu$ with finite second order moments on $\mathbb{R}^d$ is the composition of a martingale coupling with an optimal transport map ${\mathcal T}$. We check the existence of an optimal coupling in which this map gives the unique optimal coupling between $\mu$ and ${\mathcal T}\#\mu$. Next, we prove that $\sigma\mapsto W_2^2(\sigma,\nu)$ is differentiable at $\mu$ in the Lions~\cite{Lions} and the geometric senses iff there is a unique optimal coupling between $\mu$ and $\nu$ and this coupling is given by a map. Besides, we give a self-contained proof that mere Frechet differentiability of a law invariant function $F$ on $L^2(\Omega,\mathbb{P};\mathbb{R}^d)$ is enough for the Frechet differential at $X$ to be a measurable function of $X$.
Final report on EUROMET.L-S15.a (EUROMET Project 925): Intercomparison on step height standards and 1D gratings

Measurements have been made at five national metrology institutes (NMIs) in the subject field of dimensional measurement using scanning probe microscopy. Four of the participating NMIs are in Europe, the fifth is in the Asia-Pacific region. Each NMI made measurements of four step height standards and two 1D grating standards. These are typical artefact standards used for dimensional nanometrology. Each participant used a different atomic force microscope to perform the measurements. The report lists the results obtained by the individual participants, as well as an analysis of the results and their uncertainties, based on calculation of the weighted means and En values. The results are in good agreement with one another. Main text. To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database kcdb.bipm. org/. The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by EURAMET, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (MRA).
Oscillatory integrals related to Carleson's theorem: fractional monomials

Stein and Wainger proved the $L^p$ bounds of the polynomial Carleson operator for all integer-power polynomials without linear term. In the present paper, we partially generalise this result to all fractional monomials in dimension one. Moreover, the connections with Carleson's theorem and the Hilbert transform along vector fields or (variable) curves are also discussed in details.