Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Open-top static respirometry is a reliable method to determine the routine metabolic rate of barramundi, Lates calcarifer

Closed-system respirometry is a standard technique used to determine aerobic metabolism of aquatic organisms. Open-top systems are rarely used due to concerns of gas exchange across the air–water interface. Here, we evaluated an open-top respirometry system by comparing the mass-specific routine metabolic rate (RMR) of the tropical diadromous finfish barramundi, Lates calcarifer, in both closed-top and open-top respirometers. The RMR of 190 g barramundi was determined across broad temperatures ranging from 18 to 38 °C. There was no significant difference in RMR between barramundi in either closed- or open-top respirometers at any temperature (p > 0.05). To ensure RMR measurements were not an artifact of the respirometry system, barramundi were reciprocally transplanted into either respective closed-top or open-top respirometer and oxygen consumption re-measured at each temperature treatment. The RMR of transplanted barramundi was found to be virtually identical in either respirometer. RMR increased linearly with increasing temperature; the relationship between RMR and temperature (T; 18–38 °C) can be described as 3.658T−36.294 mg O2 kg−0.8 h−1. The daily energetic cost of RMR was 1.193T−11.838 kJ kg−0.8 day−1. Q10 for barramundi increased significantly with increasing temperature (p < 0.0001). Q10(18–28) was the lowest at 1.7 and Q10(28–38) the highest at 1.9, over the whole experiment temp range Q10(18–28) was 1.8. The current study demonstrates that open-top respirometry is a reliable and practical alternative to closed-top respirometry for accurate determination of the aerobic metabolism of barramundi and has potential application for a number of different aquatic organisms.
Impact of Al Doping on Surface Passivation of TiOx on Si

Titania (TiOx) is re-emerging to be a passivating material for the surfaces of high-efficiency crystalline silicon solar cells. Numerous sources in the literature suggest that the surface passivation and thermal stability of TiOx deteriorates with increasing film thickness when the TiOx film is thicker than a sufficient thickness. To circumvent this limitation, this study presents a novel process of Al-doped TiOx (TiOx:Al) film, which demonstrates the potential for improved thermal stability and surface passivation. Based on grazing incident X-ray diffraction and UV-Raman measurements, the incorporation of Al impurity in TiOx effectively restrains the crystal phase transformation of the amorphous TiOx layer during deposition. Furthermore, the TiOx:Al films provide better thermal robustness up to 350 °C, which makes it highly compatible with Si solar cell fabrication processes.
The experience in the water maze task can affect the circadian rhythm of locomotor activity

Abstract Wistar rats maintained in cages with running wheels and submitted to a skeleton photoperiod or to a light – dark cycle were tested in the Morris water maze. Half of the animals were exposed to the task during their active phase while the other half was exposed during their inactive phase. The effect of the experience in the water maze, a strong arousing event, on the rhythm of wheel-running activity was evaluated. In the first experiment, a group of animals submitted to a skeleton photoperiod was trained every day in the reference memory version of the task. The novel experience in the water maze had a strong phase-dependent masking effect: it produced an intense post-training bout of activity in the animals tested during their inactive phase. Another experiment was run using single working memory sessions in the water maze and with animals submitted to a light – dark cycle. The circadian rhythm of locomotor activity was evaluated on undisturbed days and compared with testing days. The experience in the water maze produced a significant increase in variability of activity onset during both circadian phases. Taken together, the data suggest that there is a modulating effect of the arousing experience in the pool on the overt circadian rhythm of locomotor activity.
Relationships among enzyme activities and virulence parameters in Beauveria bassiana infections of Galleria mellonella and Trichoplusia ni

The host range of the mycoinsecticide Beauveria bassiana includes both the greater wax moth (Galleria mellonella) and the cabbage looper (Trichoplusia ni). Larvae of G. mellonella and T. ni were infected individually with five diverse strains of B. bassiana and mortality was followed over time. Mathematical analyses of these data indicated that the conventional parameter of LT50 was the product of two strain-specific parameters that may be described as "onset" of mortality and subsequent "rate" of mortality. These parameters were compared with quantitative data on the production of enzymes from the same strains cultured in vitro on defined medium containing purified cuticle from either G. mellonella or T. ni. Levels of specific cuticle-degrading enzymes such as chitinase, chymoelastase, chymotrypsin, and esterase showed relationships with specific virulence parameters.
Does a cyclic natural thermal cure occur in Wolbachia‐infected Trichogramma species?

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A technique for mapping the spatial distribution of Elymus repots, with estimates of the potential reduction in herbicide usage from patch spraying

Summary The spatial distribution of Elymus repens L. was mapped in five cereal fields during the 1994 season. Weed maps were created using a semi-automated system mounted on a vehicle that travelled up the tramlines, centred on a 12-m-wide spray boom. Two operators detected weeds visually and recorded their presence and density by means of a simple push-button system that recorded data from (2 × 1) m2 areas, or cells, across the boom section on a portable computer. The position of the vehicle along the tramline was monitored by integrating output from a wheel sensor. Eight tramlines of one field were mapped three times consecutively, to assess detection and navigational error. Pair-wise comparisons of the three runs gave approximately 85% repeatability on presence/ absence data, 80% on zero/low- or high-density data and 85% on low/high-density data when weeds were definitely present. Simultaneous comparisons of all three runs gave 78%, 69% and 75% respectively. Repeated runs of tramlines up to 550 m long recorded mean differences of approximately 2 m with a maximum error of 14 m (2.5%). The spatial distribution of E. repens within the five fields was visibly patchy, but the size and morphology of patches varied both within and between fields. Thus, the potential reduction in herbicide usage as a result of patch spraying varied with patch morphology and infestation level. The effect of lowering the resolution from six (2 × 1) m2 cells to three (4 × 1) m2 cells across the 12-m boom width showed little change in potential reduction in herbicide usage.
Seasonal patterns in food intake, live mass, and body composition of mature female fallow deer ( Dama dama)

Seasonal oscillations in food intake, live mass, and body component masses were investigated in two groups, each of 4 mature fallow does, which were fed high and low energy density diets ad libitum over a 17-month period. The aim of the experiment was to quantify seasonal patterns of food intake, live mass, and body tissue masses and to assess the effect of high- and low-energy diets on these patterns. Total body fat, muscle, and viscera masses were estimated on 10 occasions using computer-aided tomography. When food intake was expressed in megajoules of metabolisable energy per day, there was little difference between the groups fed the high- and low-energy diets. Food intake showed a clear deviation from a regular annual oscillation during the summer, when intake by both groups was reduced. Seasonal oscillations were apparent in live mass, empty body mass, muscle mass, and total body fat mass, with maximum values in autumn and minimum values in spring. Viscera mass did not show a seasonal pattern but wa.
Biological Flora of the British Isles: Quercus rubra

This account presents information on all aspects of the biology of Quercus rubra L. (Red Oak, Northern Red Oak; syn. Q. borealis, Q. maxima) that are relevant to understanding its ecological characteristics and behaviour. The main topics are presented within the standard framework of the Biological Flora of the British Isles: distribution; habitat; communities; responses to biotic factors; responses to environment; structure and physiology; phenology; floral and seed characters; herbivores and disease; history; and conservation. Quercus rubra is a large deciduous tree native to eastern North America. In its native range this species is one of the most important mid‐successional tree species. Since the 18th century Q. rubra has been introduced into forest management in Europe and elsewhere. Currently, Q. rubra is a naturalized species in 23 countries. It is an important source of wood, and this was one of the most important reasons for its introduction in forests. In forest management this species is valued for its high growth rate and drought resistance. Red Oak is also widely cultivated in Europe for its ornamental value—red leaves in autumn and smooth, grey bark. Red Oak is a threat to native species within its introduced range as it can alter environmental conditions beneath its canopy, especially by decreasing light availability and litter decomposition rate. Such conditions also contribute to biotic homogenization of the understorey vegetation. Q. rubra is widely dispersed by small mammals and birds, up to 1,500 m from seed sources, thereby increasing its potential invasiveness. In Europe Q. rubra seems to be less prone to herbivores and fungi, in contrast to its native range, where it is grazed by ungulates and insects, and infected by Phytophthora and oak wilt. Due to its higher tolerance to drought than native European oaks, Q. rubra is claimed to be one of the species replacing native trees which are decreasing due to climate warming. However, consideration of all possible consequences is needed in wide‐scale introduction of alien species, such as Q. rubra, due to negative impacts on native ecosystems.
Modeling co‐seismic thermal infrared brightness anomalies in petroliferous basins surrounding the North and East of the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau

Co‐seismic gas leakage usually occurs on the edge of seismic faults in petroliferous basins, and it may have an impact on the local environment, such as the greenhouse effect, which can cause thermal infrared brightness anomalies. Using wavelet transform and power spectrum estimation methods, we processed brightness temperature data from the Chinese geostationary meteorological satellite FY‐C/E. We report similarities between the co‐seismic thermal infrared brightness (CTIB) anomalies before, during and after earthquakes that occurred at the edges of the Sichuan, Tarim, Qaidam, and Junggar basins surrounding the North and East of the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau in western China. Additionally, in each petroliferous basin, the area of a single CTIB anomaly accounted for 50% to 100% of the basin area, and the spatial distribution similarities in the CTIB anomalies existed before, during and after these earthquakes. To better interpret the similarities, we developed a basin warming effect model based on geological structures and topography. The model suggests that in a petroliferous basin with a subsurface gas reservoir, gas leakage could strengthen with the increasing stress before, during, and even after an earthquake. The accumulation of these gases, such as the greenhouse gases CH4 and CO2, results in the CTIB anomalies. In addition, we conclude that the CTIB anomalies are strengthened by the high mountains (altitude ~5000 m) around the basins and the basins’ independent climatic conditions. This work provides a new perspective from which to understand the CTIB anomalies in petroliferous basins surrounding the North and East of the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau.
Nursing students’ experiences with clinical placement in a marginal Norwegian nursing home learning environment

Background: Nursing homes are core clinical placement arenas in nursing education. For a range of reasons, however, they are marginally staffed and face recruiting challenges. These issues threaten the educational quality of the nursing students’ clinical placement, and these settings may thus be characterised as a marginal nursing home learning environment. In clinical placements, observing nursing care quality might be critical for nursing students’ learning opportunities and for their motivation to pursue a nursing career. Thus, addressing clinical placement challenges in a marginal nursing home learning environment is of crucial importance to secure educational quality, future recruitment and quality in nursing care. Aim: To explore and describe final-year nursing students’ situated learning experiences in a marginal nursing home learning environment. Methods: An exploratory-descriptive qualitative design (EDQ) using individual interviews for data collection. Eight third-year nursing students were individually interviewed by two researchers following their clinical placement in a marginal nursing home. Data were analysed using a thematic data analysis approach. Results: Four main themes emerged from the data analysis: the importance of being invited into the working community; the importance of being offered predictability in situated learning; the importance of being involved in professional dialogues; and the importance of being assigned co-responsibility combined with supportive mentoring. Conclusion: Findings reveal that having their clinical placement in a marginal nursing home learning environment offered students a range of learning and mentoring opportunities as well as mixed experiences and some challenges. Implications for practice and education: The marginal nursing home context as a learning environment challenges both the clinical and academic institutions to improve their professional collaboration. At a policy level, standards need to be set for both educational and nursing care quality in nursing homes.
Intragastric oil-in-water emulsion fat fraction measured using inversion recovery echo-planar magnetic resonance imaging

The fat fraction of an oil-in-water emulsion was measured in vitro and in vivo in the gastric lumen using inversion recovery echo-planar magnetic resonance imaging and a non-exchanging, 2-compartment longitudinal relaxation model. This predicted the oil emulsion fat fraction in vitro well (Pearson's R= 0.97). Intragastric measurements in vivo correlated well with nasogastric aspirates taken from the stomachs of 7 healthy human subjects (R= 0.72). This method has potentially important applications in studying the properties of oil-in-water emulsions and also in assessing the intragastric distribution of fat emulsions in vivo and in correlating physiologic gastric emptying of fat and lipid blood absorption profiles.
Managerial Ability as a Tool for Prudential Regulation

Abstract The new prudential regulation framework, established by the European Central Bank (ECB) after the financial crisis encompasses supervisory procedures to measure and monitor bank business models, capital requirements, governance arrangements and liquidity risk. However, research on financial stability has revealed that, during financial crises, it would have been essential to monitor the vulnerability of banks by also assessing the value of their intangible assets. We contribute to the extant literature by examining the impact of a specific intangible asset—namely, managerial ability—on bank risk-taking. Given the interest of the regulatory authority in monitoring financial stability, we quantify management ability and document its double effects on bank risk-taking: the indirect effect through franchise value and its direct effect. We examine a sample of listed banks from 15 EU countries over the period 1997–2016. We find that higher managerial ability is associated with higher franchise value, contributing to a decrease in bank risk-taking (indirect effect), particularly for small banks and during financial crisis. Moreover, managerial ability reduces bank risk-taking through its direct effect. Our evidence suggests that managerial ability could be considered a measure (easily estimated) for regulating the disciplinary role of franchise value and, used in combination with current regulatory measures, could lead to supervisors achieving more effective management oversight.
Some remarks on the dynamics of the almost Mathieu equation at critical coupling

We show that the quasi-periodic Schrödinger cocycle with a continuous potential is of parabolic type, with a unique invariant section, at all gap edges where the Lyapunov exponent vanishes. This applies, in particular, to the almost Mathieu equation with critical coupling. It also provides examples of real-analytic cocycles having a unique invariant section which is not smooth.
Fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) on a guava orchard, in the Brazilian semiarid

Fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) are key pests of guava Psidium guajava L. crops, with different dominant species according to the Brazilian growth region The objectives of this study were to determine the fruit fly diversity and submit the results of flies captured in guava orchard from the municipality of Cruzeta, state of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazilian semiarid to the faunistic analysis. Fruit flies were collected weekly with McPhail traps using protein hydrolisate at 5% v/v. Five species were recorded in the orchard: Ceratitis capitata (Wied.), Anastrepha zenildae Zucchi, Anastrepha sororcula Zucchi, Anastrepha obliqua (Macquart) and Anastrepha dissimilis Stone. Ceratitis capitata was the most frequent, constant, and dominant species and could be considered an invasive species with potential to become pest on guava orchards in the Brazilian semiarid.
Relating strain localization and Kaiser effect to yield surface evolution in brittle rocks

Hannah Gajst,1,2 Eyal Shalev,2 Ram Weinberger,2,3 Shmuel Marco,1 Wenlu Zh4 and Vladimir Lyakhovsky 2 1The Department of Geophysics, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 69978, Israel. E-mail: gajsthannah@mail.tau. ac.il 2Geological Survey of Israel, 32 Yesha’ayahu Leibowitz, Jerusalem 9371234, Israel 3Department of Geological and Environmental Science, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 84105, Israel 4Department of Geology, University of Maryland, 237 Regents Drive, College Park, MD 20742, USA
Full polarimetric ALOS-2/PALSAR-2 analysis of backscattering characteristics from various types of coasts

ABSTRACT Synthetic aperture radar has a clear advantage over optical satellites in being able to monitor the Earth’s surface under any weather condition. The Phased Array type L-band Synthetic Aperture Radar-2 (PALSAR-2) aboard Advanced Land Observing Satellite 2 (ALOS-2) is a unique and highly useful sensor that can acquire high-resolution data using dual-beam receivers. This study aimed at evaluating, both qualitatively and quantitatively, the backscattering characteristics detected via full polarimetric PALSAR-2 data from the shorelines of various types of coasts, using the administrative zone vector data of the National Land Numerical Information (NLNI) database. The four-component scattering images derived from full polarimetric PALSAR-2 data were used to evaluate the characteristics of scattering models that affect shoreline detection. Canny edge detection was applied to the four decomposed datasets (surface, double-bounce, volume and helix scattering power) and the edges of these four datasets were combined by logical conjunction analysis. The results show that a part of the edge line in the surface scattering power image corresponded with the sandy coast shoreline. The boundary between land and sea indicated by the edge line in the surface, double-bounce, volume and helix scattering power image corresponded with the rocky coast and seawalls shoreline, which were analysed using histograms. The relationship between the four-component scattering model and the edges in these components can be explained by an L-band SAR backscattering mechanism.
The Influence of Life Satisfaction, Self-Esteem and Purposeful Life on the Grit of Kudumbashree Working Women

Grit is the ability to persist in something you feel passionate about and persevere when you face obstacles. The purpose of the study was to examine the effect of life satisfaction, self-esteem, and Purposeful life on kudumbasree worker's grit and to understand the predictive ability of life satisfaction, self-esteem, and Purposeful life on their grit. A sample of 78 kudumbashree workers was used for the study. Short grit scale, self-esteem scale and purposeful life scale were the tools used for data collection. Pearson correlation test, simple linear regression and multiple linear regression were used to analyse the data. The findings revealed that there exists a relationship between grit with self-esteem and purposeful life in kudumbasree workers. It has also revealed that even though self-esteem is a stronger predictor of grit than purposeful, the combined effect of both variables has the highest predictivity on kudumbasree women.