Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
If It Ain't Broke, Don't Fix It: Challenges and New Directions for Inferring the Impact of Software Patches

Software patches are designed to have a positive effect on the operation of software systems. However, these patches may cause incompatibilities, regressions, and other unintended negative impact on the reliability, performance, and security of software. In this paper, we propose PatchAdvisor, a technique to improve the manageability of the patching process for administrators by automatically inferring the impact of a patch or upgrade. PatchAdvisor inspects a software system and its patch using a combination of static control flow analysis, dynamic execution traces, and ranking heuristics to automatically infer the potential impact of the patch. To evaluate the feasibility of our approach, we implement an initial prototype of PatchAdvisor using the IDA and PaiMei frameworks and demonstrate its effectiveness on a real-world web application stack. Finally, we discuss the challenges and future research directions in this problem domain.
Beauty Hinders Attention Switch in Change Detection: The Role of Facial Attractiveness and Distinctiveness

Background Recent research has shown that the presence of a task-irrelevant attractive face can induce a transient diversion of attention from a perceptual task that requires covert deployment of attention to one of the two locations. However, it is not known whether this spontaneous appraisal for facial beauty also modulates attention in change detection among multiple locations, where a slower, and more controlled search process is simultaneously affected by the magnitude of a change and the facial distinctiveness. Using the flicker paradigm, this study examines how spontaneous appraisal for facial beauty affects the detection of identity change among multiple faces. Methodology/Principal Findings Participants viewed a display consisting of two alternating frames of four faces separated by a blank frame. In half of the trials, one of the faces (target face) changed to a different person. The task of the participant was to indicate whether a change of face identity had occurred. The results showed that (1) observers were less efficient at detecting identity change among multiple attractive faces relative to unattractive faces when the target and distractor faces were not highly distinctive from one another; and (2) it is difficult to detect a change if the new face is similar to the old. Conclusions/Significance The findings suggest that attractive faces may interfere with the attention-switch process in change detection. The results also show that attention in change detection was strongly modulated by physical similarity between the alternating faces. Although facial beauty is a powerful stimulus that has well-demonstrated priority, its influence on change detection is easily superseded by low-level image similarity. The visual system appears to take a different approach to facial beauty when a task requires resource-demanding feature comparisons.
Relaxor-Like Behavior of Self-Polarized Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 Thin Films

Self-polarized Pb(Ti,Zr)O3 thin films deposited under lead enriched conditions by multitarget reactive sputtering at low substrate temperatures are characterized by tetravalent B-site occupation of excess lead. The imaginary part of the dielectric constant of such films shows a relaxor-like behavior. Evidence of a Pb2+/Pb4+ mixed valence is given by the temperature and frequency dependence of the ac conductivity. PbO volatility starts to deplete the growing film at a critical temperature of 500°C and Pb4+ formation disappears.
Increased post‐operative cardiopulmonary fitness in gastric bypass patients is explained by weight loss

Roux‐en‐Y gastric bypass (RYGB) leads to a major weight loss in obese patients. However, given that most patients remain obese after the weight loss, regular exercise should be part of a healthier lifestyle. The primary aim of this study was to investigate the cardiopulmonary fitness in obese patients before and after RYGB. Thirty‐four patients had body composition and cardiopulmonary fitness (VO2max) assessed and completed questionnaires regarding physical activity and function twice before RYGB (time points A and B) and 4 and 18 months after surgery (time points C and D). Weight loss was 37 ± 2 kg during the study period. VO2max increased (A: 21 ± 1 vs D: 29 mL/min/kg, P < 0.001), but absolute VO2max decreased (A: 2713 ± 126 vs 2609 ± 187 mL/min, P = 0.02) and VO2max per kilogram fat free mass did not change. Self‐perceived limitations to perform exercise decreased and self‐perceived physical fitness increased after RYGB. Self‐reported low‐ and high‐intensity physical activity did not change. With weight loss, self‐rated fitness level increased and the limitations to perform exercise decreased in RYGB patients. Nevertheless, as shown by the lower absolute VO2max, RYGB patients do not adopt new exercise habits following surgery.
Gender differences in the comparison of self-reported disability and performance measures.

BACKGROUND Gender differences in functioning among older adults have been well documented. Differential reporting of functional problems by men and women may contribute to this observed difference. The purpose of this study was to examine the gender differences in functional ability by comparing self-reported function to observed performance of physical tasks. METHODS In 1988, 1,458 men and women ages 71 and older from the New Haven site of the Established Populations for the Epidemiologic Study of the Elderly (EPESE) self-reported activities of daily living (ADL) disability and functional limitations. Subjects' ability to perform 7 tasks was observed. Gender differentials in "accurate" and "inaccurate" reporting were determined by examining comparable self-reports and performance measures. Logistic regression determined how much of the gender differential in self-reported function was explained by performance ability. RESULTS More women than men reported disability and functional limitation, and women had poorer performance scores for every task. Compared to similar performance items, self-reports of function were accurate for the majority of men and women. However, among those who inaccurately reported function, more men than women underreported disability and more women than men overreported disability. Overall performance explains all of the gender difference in ADL disability and most of the difference in functional limitation. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that both men and women generally report their disability accurately, and women's higher prevalence of reported functional problems is probably a reflection of true disability for most disability measures.
Performance of a broadband beam space antenna array processor with improved interference beam

A beam space antenna array processor is a two stage system where the weighted sum of beams formed at the first stage is used to produce the system output. The paper studies the performance of a two beam processor in the presence of broadband directional sources by using an improved beam formed at the first state. For narrowband signals this process completely cancels the unwanted interference. The paper derives the analytical results for the output signal and the signal to noise ratio spectral densities and presents examples to compare the theoretical results.
Tamoxifen Diminishes Methamphetamine‐Induced Striatal Dopamine Depletion in Intact Female and Male Mice

It has been demonstrated that the nigrostriatal dopaminergic system of male mice is more sensitive to the neurotoxic effects of methamphetamine (MA). The basis for this difference can be related to oestrogen, which has the capacity to function as a neuroprotectant against neurotoxins that target the nigrostriatal dopaminergic system. We examined the effects of the anti‐oestrogen, tamoxifen (TMX), upon MA‐induced neurotoxicity of the nigrostriatal dopaminergic system in intact female and male CD‐1 mice. Striatal dopamine concentrations of TMX‐treated female and male mice receiving MA were significantly greater than mice receiving MA alone. In female, but not male, mice, oestrogen treatment also resulted in greater striatal dopamine concentrations compared to mice receiving MA alone. Interestingly, male mice treated with oestrogen were particularly sensitive to the acute toxic effects of MA and displayed no evidence of nigrostriatal neuroprotection. The dihydroxyphenylacetic acid/dopamine ratios following MA for female and male mice treated with TMX or females treated with oestrogen were significantly reduced compared to MA‐treated mice and oestrogen + MA‐treated male mice. No differences among the treatment groups were obtained for dopamine in the hypothalamus or olfactory bulb. These data demonstrate that TMX treatment of intact female and male mice diminishes striatal dopamine depletions to the nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurotoxin, MA. Oestrogen also displayed this capacity when administered to female, but accentuated acute toxicity in male mice. These effects are relatively specific for the nigrostriatal dopaminergic system. Such data suggest that TMX can function as a nigrostriatal dopaminergic neuroprotectant against MA‐induced neurotoxicity in intact female and male mice.
Mild cognitive impairment subcategories depend on the source of norms

The diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) entails evidence of objective cognitive loss using neuropsychological measures. In this study, we examined whether the presence and degree of objective cognitive impairment varied according to the use of published versus local norms. We also varied the cutoff scores at which impairment was recognized and examined whether this altered inclusion in MCI subcategories. We found that the use of different comparison normative groups altered the subcategory diagnoses, especially when the cutoff score for impairment was conservative. In general, local norms were more stringent than published norms. We discuss the implications of these results for MCI diagnosis and categorization.
Functionally relevant white matter degradation in multiple sclerosis: a tract-based spatial meta-analysis.

PURPOSE To identify statistical consensus between published studies for distribution and functional relevance of tract white matter (WM) degradation in multiple sclerosis (MS). MATERIALS AND METHODS By systematically searching online databases, tract-based spatial statistics studies were identified that compared fractional anisotropy (FA; a marker for WM integrity) in MS patients to healthy control subjects, correlated FA in MS patients with physical disability, or correlated FA in MS patients with cognitive performance. Voxelwise meta-analysis was performed by using the Signed Differential Mapping method for each comparison. Moderating effects of mean age, mean physical disability score, imager magnet strength, lesion load, and number of diffusion directions were assessed by means of meta-regression. RESULTS Meta-analysis was performed on data from 495 patients and 253 control subjects across 12 studies. MS diagnosis was significantly associated with widespread lower tract FA (nine studies; largest cluster, 4379 voxels; z = 7.1; P < .001). Greater physical disability was significantly associated with lower FA in the right posterior cingulum, left callosal splenium, right inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus, and left fornix crus (six studies; 323 voxels; z = 1.7; P = .001). Impaired cognition was significantly associated with lower FA in the callosal genu, thalamus, right posterior cingulum, and fornix crus (seven studies; largest cluster, 980 voxels; z = 2.5; P < .001). CONCLUSION WM damage is widespread in MS with differential and only minimally overlapping distributions of low FA that relates to physical disability and cognitive impairment. The higher number of clusters of lower FA in relation to cognition and their higher z scores suggest that cerebral WM damage may have a greater relevance to cognitive dysfunction than physical disability in MS, and that low anterior callosal and thalamic FA have specific importance to cognitive status.
Weak Field Black Hole Formation in Asymptotically AdS Spacetimes

We use the AdS/CFT correspondence to study the thermalization of a strongly coupled conformal field theory that is forced out of its vacuum by a source that couples to a marginal operator. The source is taken to be of small amplitude and finite duration, but is otherwise an arbitrary function of time. When the field theory lives on Rd−1,1, the source sets up a translationally invariant wave in the dual gravitational description. This wave propagates radially inwards in AdSd+1 space and collapses to form a black brane. Outside its horizon the bulk spacetime for this collapse process may systematically be constructed in an expansion in the amplitude of the source function, and takes the Vaidya form at leading order in the source amplitude. This solution is dual to a remarkably rapid and intriguingly scale dependent thermalization process in the field theory. When the field theory lives on a sphere the resultant wave either slowly scatters into a thermal gas (dual to a glueball type phase in the boundary theory) or rapidly collapses into a black hole (dual to a plasma type phase in the field theory) depending on the time scale and amplitude of the source function. The transition between these two behaviors is sharp and can be tuned to the Choptuik scaling solution in Rd,1.
Common Variants of the Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase Gene and the Risk of Coronary Heart Disease Among U.S. Diabetic Men

Endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) gene represents a promising candidate gene for coronary heart disease (CHD) because of its impact on eNOS activity. We systematically examined the associations of eight variants of the eNOS gene (two potentially functional variants [−786T>C and Glu298Asp] and six tagging single nucleotide polymorphisms) with CHD risk in a large cohort of diabetic patients. Among 861 diabetic men (>97% Caucasian) from the Health Professionals Follow-Up Study, 220 developed CHD, and 641 men without cardiovascular disease were used as control subjects. Genotype distributions of −786T>C and Glu298Asp polymorphisms were not significantly different between case and control subjects. CHD risk was significantly higher among men with the variant allele at the rs1541861 locus (intron 8 A/C) than men without it (adjusted odds ratio 1.5 [95% confidence interval 1.1–2.1]). Moreover, among control subjects, plasma soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule concentrations were significantly higher among carriers of this allele (P 0.019) and carriers of the variant allele of the −786T>C (P 0.010), or the Glu298Asp polymorphism (P 0.002), compared with noncarriers. In conclusion, our data suggested that −786T>C, Glu298Asp, and an intron 8 polymorphism of the eNOS gene are potentially involved in the atherogenic pathway among U.S. diabetic men.
Clonality Analysis of Immunoglobulin Gene Rearrangement by Next-Generation Sequencing in Endemic Burkitt Lymphoma Suggests Antigen Drive Activation of BCR as Opposed to Sporadic Burkitt Lymphoma

Objectives: Recent studies using next-generation sequencing (NGS) analysis disclosed the importance of the intrinsic activation of the B-cell receptor (BCR) pathway in the pathogenesis of sporadic Burkitt lymphoma (sBL) due to mutations of TCF3/ID3 genes. Since no definitive data are available on the genetic landscape of endemic Burkitt (eBL), we first assessed the mutation frequency of TCF3/ID3 in eBL compared with sBL and subsequently the somatic hypermutation status of the BCR to answer whether an extrinsic activation of BCR signaling could also be demonstrated in Burkitt lymphoma. Methods: We assessed the mutations of TCF3/ID3 by RNAseq and the BCR status by NGS analysis of the immunoglobulin genes (IGs). Results: We detected mutations of TCF3/ID3 in about 30% of the eBL cases. This rate is significantly lower than that detected in sBL (64%). The NGS analysis of IGs revealed intraclonal diversity, suggesting an active targeted somatic hypermutation process in eBL compared with sBL. Conclusions: These findings support the view that the antigenic pressure plays a key role in the pathogenetic pathways of eBL, which may be partially distinct from those driving sBL development.
The brain‐derived neurotrophic factor Val66Met polymorphism modulates the effects of parental rearing on personality traits in healthy subjects

There is a growing body of data suggesting that gene–environment interaction is critical in the characterization of personality traits; however, previous studies have not taken into consideration variability in parental rearing as an environmental factor. In this study, we examined the effects of the interaction between the brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) Val66Met polymorphism and parental rearing on personality traits in 710 healthy Japanese subjects. Perceived parental rearing was assessed by the Parental Bonding Instrument (PBI), which consists of the care and protection factors. Assessment of personality traits was performed by the temperament and character inventory (TCI), which has seven dimensions, i.e. novelty seeking, harm avoidance, reward dependence, persistence, self‐directedness, cooperativeness and self‐transcendence. Parental rearing has significant main effects on some TCI dimensions, but no significant main effects of the BDNF genotype on the TCI scores were found. The interaction between the BDNF genotype and maternal care of the PBI had significant effects on harm avoidance and self‐directedness of the TCI. Post hoc analyses showed that decreased maternal care was correlated with increased harm avoidance and decreased self‐directedness, and for both personality traits the partial correlation coefficient was highest in the Met/Met genotype group and lowest in the Val/Val genotype group and the value of the Val/Met genotype group was in the middle. Data from this study suggest that the BDNF Val66Met polymorphism modulates the effects of parental rearing, especially maternal care, on harm avoidance and self‐directedness in healthy subjects.
Algorithm and an Elevator Control System Example for CTL Model Update

In this paper is presented an update of the Computational Tree Logic (CTL) model checker. The minimal modifications which appear represent the fundamental concept for model the dynamic system. In the paper we use five primitive operations discompose from the operation of a CTL update used already by (Baral, 2005) which presented their approach of knowledge updated on the structures of single agent S5 Kripke. Then we will define the criteria of minimal change for the CTL model update based on these primitive operations. In the final section of this paper are presented the steps of implement the CTL model updated and are described some details of algorithm implementation by applying the model update to the elevator control scenario. The paper (Ding, 2006) is base of results obtained.
Mood Classfication from Musical Audio Using User Group-Dependent Models

In this paper, we propose a music mood classification system that reflects a user's profile based on a belief that music mood perception is subjective and can vary depending on the user's profile such as age or gender. To this end, we first define a set of generic mood descriptors. Secondly, we make up several user profiles according to the age and gender. We then obtain musical items, for each group, to separately train the statistical models. Using the two different user models, we verify our hypothesis that the user profiles play an important role in mood perception by showing that both models achieve higher classification accuracy when the test data and the mood model are of the same kind. Applying our system to automatic play list generation, we also demonstrate that considering the difference between the user groups in mood perception has a significant effect in computing music similarity.
Dietary Approaches to Prevent and Treat Hypertension: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association

A substantial body of evidence strongly supports the concept that multiple dietary factors affect blood pressure (BP). Well-established dietary modifications that lower BP are reduced salt intake, weight loss, and moderation of alcohol consumption (among those who drink). Over the past decade, increased potassium intake and consumption of dietary patterns based on the “DASH diet” have emerged as effective strategies that also lower BP. Of substantial public health relevance are findings related to blacks and older individuals. Specifically, blacks are especially sensitive to the BP-lowering effects of reduced salt intake, increased potassium intake, and the DASH diet. Furthermore, it is well documented that older individuals, a group at high risk for BP-related cardiovascular and renal diseases, can make and sustain dietary changes. The risk of cardiovascular disease increases progressively throughout the range of BP, beginning at 115/75 mm Hg. In view of the continuing epidemic of BP-related diseases and the increasing prevalence of hypertension, efforts to reduce BP in both nonhypertensive and hypertensive individuals are warranted. In nonhypertensive individuals, dietary changes can lower BP and prevent hypertension. In uncomplicated stage I hypertension (systolic BP of 140 to 159 mm Hg or diastolic BP of 90 to 99 mm Hg), dietary changes serve as initial treatment before drug therapy. In those hypertensive patients already on drug therapy, lifestyle modifications, particularly a reduced salt intake, can further lower BP. The current challenge to healthcare providers, researchers, government officials, and the general public is developing and implementing effective clinical and public health strategies that lead to sustained dietary changes among individuals and more broadly among whole populations.
Flows in Microchannels and Cavities – Visco-Elasticity, Faradaic Charging and Surface Roughness Effects

Two phenomena for flows in microchannels, namely visco-elastic instability and Faradaic charging effects, are discussed. Aqueous solutions, which do not exhibit elastic behaviors, will behave visco-elastically with the addition of a small amount of polymers. Visco-elastic flow instability which promote mixing has been observed in the flow of these visco-elastic solutions through a constriction in microchannels. In addition, we recently show experimentally the existance of Faradaic charging in AC-electrokinetic (ACEK) flow. Lastly, surface roughness effects in micro- plastic injection molding are highlighted. The micro-injection molding process involves the flow of polymer melt in micro-cavities. Our recent investigations demonstrate that the flow model for macro-cavities could be employed satisfactorily to simulate the flow in micro-cavities if roughness effects are considered in an appropriate manner.
Power Control of Grid-Connected Converters Under Unbalanced Voltage Conditions

This paper presents a grid current control technique on the power converter level. The submitted analysis deals with a control method of positive and negative current sequences in a grid-connected converter during voltage sags. The control method should assure the proper exchange of active and reactive powers without power ripple, the mitigation of harmonic distortion of grid currents, and should also enable the control of grid current peaks. A simple expression is determined, which allows estimation of maximum active and reactive powers exchanged between the grid and the converter without exceeding the admissible converter current. Some simulation and experimental results are reported to validate the theoretically predicted performance of the control strategy.