Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Assessing Changes in the Distribution Patterns of the European Wildcat in Hungary

Simple Summary We investigated the nationwide distribution of the European wildcat (Felis silvestris Schreber, 1777) in Hungary during three time periods (2004, 2014, and 2022) to assess changes in its distribution and to examine the impact of land cover variables on its occurrence across the country. An online questionnaire survey of Hungarian game management units revealed that the distribution of the species has increased over the last two decades in Hungary, with the eastern, northern, and south-western parts of the country holding the majority of its population. In addition, the results indicated that the presence of the species was significantly higher in areas with high broad-leaved forest cover. From this study, we conclude that the wildcat population showed a positive trend; however, the population vanished in some parts of Hungary, and broad-leaved forests are the most important habitat for wildcats. Abstract The European wildcat (Felis silvestris Schreber, 1777) is an endangered and elusive carnivore that is slowly recovering in Central Europe after persecution and a decline in its distribution over the past two centuries, and specific conservation plans are needed in most of its range. Knowledge of the continent-wide distribution and status of this species is still poor. Using an online questionnaire, we evaluated the nationwide distribution of wildcats across three time periods (2004, 2014, and 2022) in Hungary. The species’ reported occurrence was analyzed according to binominal logistic regression using the percent cover of land cover categories as explanatory variables. We found that the spatial cover of broad-leaved forest was positively associated with the occurrence of wildcats, and the analysis revealed a positive trend in the larger 2004–2022 time frame. We also recorded that although wildcats have disappeared from areas of the central, southern, and western parts of Hungary, regions in the eastern, northern, and south-western areas appear to retain stable populations.
Ecological Risk Assessment of Forest Landscapes in Lushan National Nature Reserve in Jiangxi Province, China

It is highly valuable to analyze and assess the landscape ecological risk of nature reserves to prevent and resolve ecological risks, as well as to effectively protect and maintain the sustainable development of nature reserves. Taking the forest landscape of the Lushan National Nature Reserve as its study object, this study performed grid processing for the nature reserve and classified forest landscape types using the Forest Resource Inventory Database in 2019. A landscape ecological index model was constructed to evaluate the ecological risk. Global and local Moran index values were used to reveal the autocorrelations for ecological risk. The geodetector method was used to comprehensively analyze the effects of natural and human factors on ecological risk. The results showed that, in general, the ecological risk level of the nature reserve was relatively low, as the proportion of the lowest-, lower-, and medium-risk areas to the total forestry land area accounted for 91.03%. The ecological risk ranking of each functional zone, from high to low, was in the order of the experimental zone, the buffer zone, and the core zone. The ecological risk levels of different forest landscape types were closely related to their area, spatial distribution, and succession stage, as well as human factors, such as the proximity to roads and settlements, etc. The forest landscape with the highest ecological risk was the Cunninghamia lanceolata (Lamb.) Hook. forest, and the forest landscape with the lowest ecological risk was other forestry land. Ecological risk had a positive spatial correlation and tended to be aggregated in space, demonstrating coupling with the proximity to roads and settlements. The ecological risk was affected by both human and natural factors, among which human factors played a dominant role. The proximity to roads and settlements, the relative humidity, and the temperature were the main driving factors. The interaction of pairwise factors had a stronger influence than that of single factors. Therefore, controlling the intensity of human activities and enhancing the coordination between humans and nature are beneficial for alleviating the ecological risks in the forest landscapes of nature reserves.
A New Quadrannulate Species of Orobdella (Hirudinida: Arhynchobdellida: Orobdellidae) from Kii Peninsula, Japan

A quadrannulate leech species, Orobdella angustata sp. nov., from Kii Peninsula, Honshu, Japan is described. This new species is characterized by its peculiar male atrial cornua. Phylogenetic analyses using nuclear 18S rRNA, histone H3, mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I, tRNA Cys , tRNA Met , 12S rRNA, tRNA Val , 16S rRNA, tRNA Leu and NADH dehydrogenase subunit 1 markers showed that O. angustata is genetically close to the small quadrannulate species, O. brachyepididymis Nakano, 2016, O. kanaekoikeae Nakano, 2017 and O. naraharaetmagarum Nakano 2016, distributed in Chugoku District of Honshu and Shikoku, Japan.
Examining 5th Grade Students' Learning on Surface Area Calculations with Realistic Mathematics Education Approach

The fact that the mathematics course is abstract, that it is not possible to associate it with daily life, and that it is impossible to concretize abstract expressions causes a prejudice against the this course and leads to a decrease in the academic achievements of students. It is seen that throughout history, various studies have been carried out taking this situation into consideration. A group of these studies is on realistic mathematics education. Realistic mathematics education is an approach that aims to concretize the abstract concepts of mathematics by relating them to real-life situations. The purpose is to make mathematics more understandable by concretizing it. In the study, the subject of calculating the surface area of prisms with the use of realistic mathematics education was taught, and the purpose of the study was to examine the effects of this application. The study group consisted of 20 5th grade students. While determining this group, maximum variety sampling strategy was preferred. In the study, action research, one of the qualitative research methods, was used, and the data were interpreted with the help of descriptive analysis and content analysis. The data collection tools in the study included semi-structured interview forms, video recordings, photos and activity sheets prepared by the students under the guidance of the researcher in accordance with the realistic mathematics education approach. When the findings were examined, it was seen that the students showed a positive development in the meaning and visualization processes; that they could reach mathematical inferences on their own; that they enjoyed the mathematics lesson; and that the realistic mathematics education approach gave positive results on learning. Based on these results, it was suggested that not only the application of the realistic mathematics education approach for different acquisitions but also the inclusion of these activities in the textbooks in accordance with the curriculum will result in improvements in favor of learning.
Performance Analysis of Cross Beam Correlation Microwave Radiometers Using Two Orthogonal Subarrays

A cross beam correlation microwave radiometer (CBCR) using two orthogonal subarrays is introduced. It consists of two spatially orthogonal subarrays and a correlation receiver, where a pencil beam is realized by the coherence of two orthogonal fan beams. However, the differences between the two orthogonal fan beam patterns lead to gain loss and negative sidelobes. The gain loss (effective aperture reduction) of cross arrays has been proven to lead to deterioration in radiometric resolution. However, the properties of negative sidelobes and their impact on observations have not been fully investigated. In this article, the performance of the cross array is comprehensively analyzed, and the systematic expressions of beam characteristics and radiometric resolution are proposed. The main beam efficiency (MBE) is redefined to prevent it from exceeding unity. Two novel factors, namely the spatial sparsity factor and phase influence factor, are introduced to quantitatively assess the influence of the cross array on radiometric resolution. In addition, a planar cross-antenna array is proposed to remedy the shortcomings of Mills cross in small radiometer applications, and the performance of the two cross arrays is evaluated based on the above methods. Finally, the numerical simulations and hardware experiments with an L-band prototype are conducted to verify the theoretical results.
Masked Topology Convolutional Network for Classification and Segmentation of Remote Sensing Images

Convolutional neural networks have made significant progress in remote sensing image processing. Convolutional networks mostly model the local information of samples based on pixel features, while ignoring the topological relationship among different categories of ground objects. However, the nonlocal topology can better represent the underlying data structure of the image. In order to make up for the insufficiency of Convolutional neural networks in extracting nonlocal topological information, we propose a new masked topology convolutional network (MTC_Net). First, considering the regionality of different categories of ground objects, we use a clustering algorithm to simply cluster the pixels to extract the most obvious area mask, which can strengthen the boundary information among different ground objects. Second, we take the cluster center point as the representative point of the region and use the graph structure to represent the topological relationship, in addition use graph convolution to further extract the topological structure relationship among different categories of ground objects. Finally, we use convolution modules and multilevel feature attention modules to capture important local and global contextual semantic information and reduce category confusion. We conduct a great deal of experiments on four (two classification and two segmentation) public datasets, and the proposed MTC_Net achieves excellent classification and segmentation performance.
Pituitary–Adrenal Axis and Peripheral Immune Cell Profile in Long COVID

In Long COVID, dysfunction in the pituitary–adrenal axis and alterations in immune cells and inflammatory status are warned against. We performed a prospective study in a cohort of 42 patients who suffered COVID-19 at least 6 months before attending the Long COVID unit at Althaia Hospital. Based on Post-COVID Functional Status, 29 patients were diagnosed with Long COVID, while 13 were deemed as recovered. The hormones of the pituitary–adrenal axis, adrenocorticotropin stimulation test, and immune cell profiles and inflammatory markers were examined. Patients with Long COVID had significantly lower EuroQol and higher mMRC scores compared to the recovered individuals. Their symptoms included fatigue, myalgia, arthralgia, persistent coughing, a persistent sore throat, dyspnoea, a lack of concentration, and anxiety. We observed the physiological levels of cortisol and adrenocorticotropin in individuals with or without Long COVID. The results of the adrenocorticotropin stimulation test were similar between both groups. The absolute number of neutrophils was lower in the Long COVID patients compared to recovered individuals (p < 0.05). The total count of B lymphocytes remained consistent, but Long COVID patients had a higher percentage of mature B cells compared to recovered participants (p < 0.05) and exhibited a higher percentage of circulating resident memory CD8+ T cells (p < 0.05) and Treg-expressing exonucleases (p < 0.05). Our findings did not identify adrenal dysfunction related to Long COVID, nor an association between adrenal function and clinical symptoms. The data indicated a dysregulation in certain immune cells, pointing to immune activation. No overt hyperinflammation was observed in the Long COVID group.
Multispectral Light Detection and Ranging Technology and Applications: A Review

Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) is a well-established active technology for the direct acquisition of 3D data. In recent years, the geometric information collected by LiDAR sensors has been widely combined with optical images to provide supplementary spectral information to achieve more precise results in diverse remote sensing applications. The emergence of active Multispectral LiDAR (MSL) systems, which operate on different wavelengths, has recently been revolutionizing the simultaneous acquisition of height and intensity information. So far, MSL technology has been successfully applied for fine-scale mapping in various domains. However, a comprehensive review of this modern technology is currently lacking. Hence, this study presents an exhaustive overview of the current state-of-the-art in MSL systems by reviewing the latest technologies for MSL data acquisition. Moreover, the paper reports an in-depth analysis of the diverse applications of MSL, spanning across fields of “ecology and forestry”, “objects and Land Use Land Cover (LULC) classification”, “change detection”, “bathymetry”, “topographic mapping”, “archaeology and geology”, and “navigation”. Our systematic review uncovers the potentials, opportunities, and challenges of the recently emerged MSL systems, which integrate spatial–spectral data and unlock the capability for precise multi-dimensional (nD) mapping using only a single-data source.
TRIPLE CONTROL AGAINST FUSARIUM WILT DISEASE OF FABA BEAN AND ITS IMPACT ON PRODUCTIVITY

usarium wilt, a fungal disease, significantly threatens faba bean yield in Egypt. This current study investigated the potency of a combined application of endophytic bacteria, decomposed olive leaves extract (OLE), and iron nanoparticles (FeNPs) for its biocontrol and growth promotion in faba bean. Two endophytic bacterial strains isolated from helthy faba bean plants and identified using 16S rRNA nucleotide sequence as Bacillus subtilis and Pseudoroseomonas wenyumeiae were studied for their antagonistic and plant growth promoting traits activities, FeNPs was biosynthesized via Pseudoroseomonas wenyumeiae . OLE was biodegraded using a fungus Bosea thiooxidans to enhance its antifungal potential. A research experiment was designed based on natural field infection. Significant differences in disease severity index (DSI) and disease incidence (DI) were noticed. While untreated plants exhibited the highest disease burden (DI = 72.5%, DSI = 0.275),the combined application of bioagents, decomposed OLE, and FeNPs as both soil drench and foliar spray (FeNPs) showed the lowest disease severity (DI = 34.2%, DSI = 0.089). Treated plants demonstrated improved growth parameters, including increased height, wet and dry weight, number of pods, weight of 100 seeds, macro-and microelement content. This study suggested that the synergistic combination of endophytic bacteria, OLE, and FeNPs offered a promising and sustainable biocontrol strategy against Fusarium wilt in faba bean, promoting plant growth and reducing reliance on chemical pesticides.
Effect of Organic Manures and Inorganic Fertilizers on Plant Growth and Tuber Yield of Cassava under Allahabad Agro Climatic Conditions (Manihot esculenta) cv. Sree Vishakham

Cassava is a perennial shrub of the family Euphorbiaceae, cultivated mainly for its starchy roots.it is one of the most important food staples in the tropics, where it is the fourth most important source of energy. It derives its importance from the fact that it produces more calories /unit area from its starchy tuberous root which is valuable source of cheap calories especially in developing countries (Som, 2007). On a worldwide basis it is ranked as the sixth most important source of calories in the human diet (FAO, 1999). The introduction of improved varieties of cassava helped boost yield of this main staple by almost 40 percent (FAO, 1999). Apart from its use as food, it is also an important industrial raw material for the production of starch, alcohol, pharmaceuticals, gums, confectioneries and livestock feed (Nnodu et al., 2006).
The Mediating Effect of Stress Management Competency on the Relationship between Job Satisfaction and Employee Attrition: Evidence in a Local Government Unit

Purpose: The workforce or manpower is one of the 4Ms of production and is considered the most critical factor of production. It is the employees who determine whether the organization succeeds or fails. The primary goal of this study was to determine the mediating effect of stress management competency on the relationship between job satisfaction and employee attrition. Materials and Methods: A non-experimental quantitative research design was used, specifically the descriptive-correlational and mediation approaches. A face-to-face survey was used to obtain data. The data were obtained from 322 City Environment and Natural Resources employees, including regular and contractual employees, job orders, and allied service personnel selected through stratified random sampling. The statistical tools used to analyze and interpret the data were descriptive statistics, Pearson’s R, regression procedures, and Sobel’s Z-test. The mediation effect on the relationship between the independent and dependent variables was ascertained by path analysis (Structural Equation Modelling, or SEM) and the Medgraph Sobel’s Z-test. Findings: Results revealed a high descriptive level of job satisfaction and employee attrition and a very high descriptive level of stress management competency. It was found that job satisfaction and employee attrition, job satisfaction and stress management competency, and stress management competency and employee attrition are significantly related. The results revealed that stress management competency partially mediated the relationship between job satisfaction and employee attrition. Implications to Theory, Practice and Policy: Upskilling programs improve employees’ skills and knowledge, making them valuable assets to the organization. Employees may invest in both hard skills and soft skills. Organizations may also continue to recognize the accomplishments and achievements of their employees no matter how small or big they are because being recognized at work will boost employees' morale, which will also lead to efficiency and productivity. The concept of Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion (DEI) should continue to be practiced for long-term solutions to discrimination issues. Organizations, through their HRM, may continue formulating holistic programs and schemes that promote employees' physical and mental health, foster a positive working environment, a harmonious relationship, competitive salary, and benefits packages, and strengthen retention programs.
Evaluation and Surgical Outcomes of Primary Closure for Breast Abscess- 3 Year Experience in Rangpur Zone

Background: Breast abscesses are a common medical concern, often associated with pain, cost implications, and dressing-related complications. Managing breast abscesses presents an opportunity to optimize patient outcomes while streamlining healthcare resource utilization. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of primary closure as a surgical approach for breast abscess management in a private practice setting, focusing on reducing hospital stays and associated costs, particularly improving patient compliance. Methods: This prospective study was conducted in private practice settings over three years, from July 2020 to June 2023. A total of 119 patients, comprising both acute (n=72) and chronic (n=47) breast abscess cases, were included in the study. The surgical procedures included incision, drainage, curettage, and primary closure using 16 FR/18 FR drains. Special measures included iodine irrigation, keeping drains for at least 7 days, suture removal on 10th-14th postoperative days, and administering antibiotics for up to 14 days. Follow-up appointments occurred after 3 weeks. Results: Among the 119 patients, 72 (60.5%) presented with acute breast abscesses, while 47 (39.5%) had chronic abscesses. All patients were discharged on the 2nd postoperative day. In cases of chronic breast abscess, drains were removed between 5-7 postoperative days, while in acute cases, drains were removed at the 10th postoperative day or upon suture removal. No suction drains were used. Over 95% of patients resumed breastfeeding shortly after surgery. Suture removal on the 10-12th postoperative days showed healthy wounds in 88 patients, minor wound gaps in 13 patients (requiring no further intervention), and secondary stitching in 10 patients. Ten patients experienced delayed abscess formations under the scar, necessitating drainage under local anesthesia and oral antibiotics. The most frequently isolated causative organism from pus was Staphylococcus aureus.
INFLUÊNCIA DE NÍVEIS FREÁTICOS NOS PARÂMETROS PRODUTIVOS E FISIOLÓGICOS DA CULTURA DO RABANETE

Excess water in the soil is very damaging to crops, especially fast-cycle crops as radish, which is very susceptible to excess water in the soil. In view of this, an experiment was conducted with the objective of evaluating the yield of the radish crop under different phreatic levels. The experimental design was a randomized block with five treatments: constant phreatic levels at the depths to 5, 10, 20, 30 cm and a control treatment (without the presence of water table) and 6 replications, totaling 30 experimental units. For this, drainage tanks were used during two seasons crops (05/03/17 to 06/02/2017 and 06/20/17 to 07/20/2017), were analyzed yield variables: root diameter, fresh mass of root and aerial part, dry mass of root and aerial part. Gas exchanges were analyzed: liquid photosynthesis rate, stomatal conductance, transpiration and leaf temperature. The data submitted to the test F and later to the Tukey teste to 5% of probability. Most of the studied variables presented a reduction in their values as the water table approached the soil surface. The treatment with phreatic level of 20 cm of depth presented conditions favorable to the development of the culture.
Adherence to Epilepsy’s Medical Recommendations

The primary problem in the treatment of epilepsy is poor seizure control. Several studies have shown that non-adherence to doctors’ recommendations regarding drug dosage, time of drug administration as well as lifestyle modifications are the most frequent causes of the persistence or reoccurrence of seizures, other than cases of misdiagnosis and poor drug selection. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of non-compliance with medical recommendations, both in relation to medicine dosage, regularity of administration and lifestyle, and also to determine the factors affecting patients with diagnosed epilepsy. This study was carried out on a total of 169 patients diagnosed with epilepsy who were under the care of an outpatient neurology clinic. The assessment of compliance was performed using the Patient Rating of Compliance Scale (PRCS), Clinician Rating Scale (CRS) and authors’ scale. Depending on the scale used, varying degrees of non-compliance were noted. They were as follows—65.3% on the authors’ scale, 10% on the PRCS and 9% on the CRS. The following factors influenced compliance with doctors’ recommendations: type of epilepsy, consumption of alcoholic beverages, frequency of follow-up visits to the neurology clinic, type of pharmacotherapy and number of medicines taken.