Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and Cytotoxicity Assessment of Citrate-Coated Calcium and Manganese Ferrite Nanoparticles for Magnetic Hyperthermia

Calcium-doped manganese ferrite nanoparticles (NPs) are gaining special interest in the biomedical field due to their lower cytotoxicity compared with other ferrites, and the fact that they have improved magnetic properties. Magnetic hyperthermia (MH) is an alternative cancer treatment, in which magnetic nanoparticles promote local heating that can lead to the apoptosis of cancer cells. In this work, manganese/calcium ferrite NPs coated with citrate (CaxMn1−xFe2O4 (x = 0, 0.2, 1), were synthesized by the sol-gel method, followed by calcination, and then characterized regarding their crystalline structure (by X-ray diffraction, XRD), size and shape (by Transmission Electron Microscopy, TEM), hydrodynamic size and zeta potential (by Dynamic Light Scattering, DLS), and heating efficiency (measuring the Specific Absorption Rate, SAR, and Intrinsic Loss Power, ILP) under an alternating magnetic field. The obtained NPs showed a particle size within the range of 10 nm to 20 nm (by TEM) with a spherical or cubic shape. Ca0.2Mn0. 8Fe2O4 NPs exhibited the highest SAR value of 36.3 W/g at the lowest field frequency tested, and achieved a temperature variation of ~7 °C in 120 s, meaning that these NPs are suitable magnetic hyperthermia agents. In vitro cellular internalization and cytotoxicity experiments, performed using the human cell line HEK 293T, confirmed cytocompatibility over 0–250 µg/mL range and successful internalization after 24 h. Based on these studies, our data suggest that these manganese-calcium ferrite NPs have potential for MH application and further use in in vivo systems.
Eryptosis in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease: A Possible Relationship with Oxidative Stress and Inflammatory Markers

Background. Eryptosis is the programmed death of red blood cells; it may contribute to worsening anemia in chronic kidney disease (CKD). In this clinical condition, different factors induce eryptosis, such as oxidative stress, energy depletion and uremic toxins. In our study, we investigated if the progression of CKD may influence erythrocyte death levels and its relationship with oxidative stress and inflammation. Methods. We evaluated eryptosis levels in 25 CKD patients (five for each stage), as well as markers of oxidative stress and inflammation: myeloperoxidase (MPO), copper/zinc superoxide dismutase (Cu/Zn SOD) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were evaluated in plasma samples. Results. Higher cell death rate was reported in the highest CKD stages (p < 0.05). Furthermore, we divided CKD patients into two groups (eGFR< or ≥60 mL/min/1.73 m2). Patients with eGFR < 60 mL/min/1.73 m2 had higher eryptosis levels (p < 0.001). MPO, CU/Zn SOD and IL-6 resulted significantly differently between groups (p < 0.001). Significant positive correlations were reported between eryptosis and MPO (Spearman’s rho = 0.77, p = 0.01) and IL-6 (Spearman’s rho = 0.52, p = 0.05) and Cu/Zn SOD. Spearman’s rho = 0.6, p = 0.03). Conclusions. In patients with CKD, different factors are involved in the pathogenesis of eryptosis, in particular uremic toxins and oxidative stress and inflammatory markers. The progressive impairment of renal function may be associated with the increase in eryptosis levels, probably due to the accumulation of oxidative stress factors, inflammatory cytokines and uremic toxins.
Prompt engineering for zero‐shot and few‐shot defect detection and classification using a visual‐language pretrained model

Zero‐shot learning, applied with vision‐language pretrained (VLP) models, is expected to be an alternative to existing deep learning models for defect detection, under insufficient dataset. However, VLP models, including contrastive language‐image pretraining (CLIP), showed fluctuated performance on prompts (inputs), resulting in research on prompt engineering—optimization of prompts for improving performance. Therefore, this study aims to identify the features of a prompt that can yield the best performance in classifying and detecting building defects using the zero‐shot and few‐shot capabilities of CLIP. The results reveal the following: (1) domain‐specific definitions are better than general definitions and images; (2) a complete sentence is better than a set of core terms; and (3) multimodal information is better than single‐modal information. The resulting detection performance using the proposed prompting method outperformed that of existing supervised models.
Effect of Bemisia tabaci SSA1 host density and cassava genotype on host feeding capacity and parasitism by two Hymenoptera parasitoid species

ABSTRACT Encarsia sophia Girault and Dodd and Eretmocerus mundus Mercet (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) are important biological control agents of Bemisia tabaci Gennadius (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) because of their outstanding parasitic and destructive host-feeding ability. This study evaluated their parasitism and host-feeding capacity at five B. tabaci SSA1 host densities (10, 40, 60, 100 and 140) on three cassava genotypes (Alado alado, NAROCASS 1 and NASE 14) in the screenhouse. The results revealed that host density and parasitoid species had significant effects (P < 0.001) on host feeding and parasitism of B. tabaci SSA1, while cassava genotype had no effect (P > 0.05). Both E. mundus and E. sophia females killed more hosts by parasitism and host feeding with increased host density; E. mundus parasitised 1.5 and 40.2 nymphs at host density of 10 and 140 nymphs, respectively. At all host densities, E. sophia killed more hosts by feeding while E. mundus parasitised more hosts. However, E. mundus caused more total nymph death than E. sophia at all host densities. At a host density of 100 nymphs, E. mundus killed 38.9 nymphs compared to the 22.4 nymphs killed by E. sophia. In conclusion, the two parasitoids had a density-dependent relationship with the host, irrespective of species which bodes well for biological control programs. Thus, the deployment of these hymenopteran parasitoids in areas with high B. tabaci SSA1 populations through augmentative release would offer commendable pest population suppression. The interaction of cassava genotype with parasitoid species improved biocontrol efficiency, hence as long as a glabrous cassava genotype is planted, efficacy is enhanced.
Genetic Variants that Influence Performance on the Wingate Anaerobic Test: A Systematic Review

Anaerobic performance is decisive in many sports. The Wingate Anaerobic Test (WAnT) is the most widely used test for the assessment of anaerobic performance to date. Performance in this test is influenced by many variables, including genetics. The aim of this review is to analyze the genes related to WAnT performance. A detailed search of four databases (Pubmed, Scopus, Web of Science and Cochrane Library) was conducted until February 2022. This literature search was implemented according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses statement. Nine eligible studies were selected from the 153 records identified. 3 articles for the ACTN3 gene, 2 for AMPD, one combined ACTN3 and AMPD, 1 article each for PPARA, UCP2 and MCT1. The genes ACTN3 and AMPD seem to report contradictory literature regarding its influence on WAnT peak power (PP), mean power and fatigue index. The MCT1 gene seems to have no influence, and the PPARA and UCP2 genes seem to have a positive relationship with PP.
Feasibility Conditions-Free Prescribed Performance Decentralized Fault-Tolerant Neural Control of Constrained Large-Scale Systems

This article investigates the command filter-based decentralized prescribed performance adaptive fault-tolerant compensation control strategy for uncertain nonlinear large-scale systems subject to asymmetric time-varying full-state constraints. Via integrating the performance function with command filter-based backstepping technique, the prescribed performance control problem is addressed, under which the complexity of controller design is reduced. Under the prescribed performance control framework, the nonlinear transformed function is constructed so as to ensure that the asymmetric time-varying full-state constraints free from feasibility conditions imposed on virtual control signals are not violated. Besides, the effect of infinite number of time-varying actuator faults is compensated with the aid of projection adaption design. Furthermore, based on the piecewise Lyapunov function analysis, it is rigorously testified that entire involved signals are bounded, desired constraints are not breached and tracking errors within the predefined domains. Finally, the effective performances of the developed control algorithm are confirmed by some simulation results.
Enhanced photoresponse of a metal-oxide-semiconductor photodetector with silicon nanocrystals embedded in the oxide layer

The authors report a two-terminal metal-oxide-semiconductor photodetector for which light is absorbed in a capping layer of silicon nanocrystals embedded in a mesoporous silica matrix on p-type silicon substrates. Operated at reverse bias, enhanced photoresponse from 300to700nm was observed. The highest optoelectronic conversion efficiency is as high as 200%. The enhancements were explained by a transistorlike mechanism, in which the inversion layer acts as the emitter and trapped positive charges in the mesoporous dielectric layer assist carrier injection from the inversion layer to the contact, such that the primary photocurrent could be amplified.
A comparison of the absorption spectra of the fluorobenzenes and benzene in the region 4.5-9.5 eV

The gas-phase extinction-coefficient spectra of ten fluorosubstituted benzenes are presented and compared with benzene in the region 4.5-9.5 eV. The three singlet-singlet transitions analogous to the B2u from A1g, B1u from A1g and E1u from A1g transitions of benzene are presented and discussed. The appearance of the elusive 1E2g state is reported in 1,3,5-TFBz and two tetrafluorobenzenes, while in monofluorobenzene and o-DFBz the 3s and 4s members of the 1E1g Rydberg state are detected. From this work the authors conclude that they have the following order for benzene: 1B2u<1B1u<3s(1E1g)<1E1u<or=1E2g while the 1A2u( sigma , pi *) state seems to be located near 1E1u. They do not see any splitting of 1E1u in molecules of lower symmetry. The band system detected by variable-angle electron impact spectroscopy is also present in the optical absorption spectra of the heavily fluorosubstituted benzenes and its origin is attributed to a pi to sigma * transition. For hexafluorobenzene at least, they suggest that the first unoccupied orbital is sigma *.
Psychosocial Predictors of Suicidal Thoughts and Behaviors in Mexican-Origin Youths: An 8-Year Prospective Cohort Study

Suicide is the second leading cause of death for youths in the United States. More Latino adolescents report suicidal thoughts and/or behaviors (STBs) than youths of most other ethnic communities. Yet few studies have examined multiple psychosocial predictors of STBs in Latino youths using multiyear longitudinal designs. In this study, we evaluated the progression of STBs in 674 Mexican-origin youths (50% female) from fifth grade (10 years old) to 12th grade (17 years old) and identified psychosocial predictors of changes in STBs across this period. Latent growth curve models revealed that being female and later-generation status were associated with increasing prevalence in STBs across adolescence. Family conflict and peer conflict predicted increased STBs, whereas greater familism predicted less STBs. Thus, interpersonal relationships and cultural values contribute to the development of STBs in Mexican-origin youths and may be key levers for decreasing suicidality in this understudied but rapidly growing portion of the U.S. adolescent population.
Analysis of a Hollow Electron Beam Focusing and Transmission

For vacuum electronic devices (VEDs), the use of a hollow electron beam (HEB) increases the beam-wave interaction efficiency and permits a prominent decrease of the cutoff voltage in the focusing-electrode controlled electron gun. To obtain an HEB electron optics system (EOS) with stable propagation, lower ripple, high compression, and good laminarity, the issues related to the HEBs transmission characteristics in a uniform magnetic field are deeply investigated in this article. The studies on the Brillouin flow, which are different from the conclusion of the previous literature, are presented. Through combining the theoretical analysis and the simulation, the distinct motion ways of each layer in the HEB are clearly exhibited in both cases of the immersed flow and the partially shielding flow. This work can provide a meaningful reference for the design of a hollow beam EOS with high transmission and compression.
The Predictive Ability of Early Maladaptive Schemas for Aggression

The presence of aggression is an enduring concern that affects many domains of one’s life. In those with repeated aggressive behavior, it is especially difficult to treat. Identification and treatment of underlying factors is pivotal to reduce aggression. Schema therapy offers an effective approach to treating these underlying elements, which are conceptualized as early maladaptive schemas (EMS). The confirmation of EMS’ prediction of aggression enables effective identification and treatment through this therapeutic approach. Adult participants completed the Young Schema Questionnaire – S3, Personality Inventory for the DSM-5 – Brief Form, and the Buss Perry Aggression Questionnaire. Results for a general sample of 124 participants supported that total EMS, EMS domains, and personality traits were all predictive of aggression. EMS were the most predictive in the aggression domain of hostility, R2 = . 37, p < . 001. Personality traits were found to be more predictive tHan EMS for aggression, R2 = . 76, p = . 001. However, the use of schema domains provides a more specific understanding of both the manifestation of aggression and translates directly to treatment through schema theory.
Chromophoric Dissolved Organic Matter and Dissolved Organic Carbon in Lakes Across an Elevational Gradient From the Mountains to the Sea

Dissolved organic matter (DOM) in lakes across elevation gradients is a complex function of topography, climate, vegetation coverage, land use, and lake properties. To examine sources and processing of DOM from sea level to mountain lakes (3–1,574 m), we measured dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations and chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM) optical properties, lake characteristics, and water quality parameters in 62 freshwater lakes in the Pacific Northwest, USA. Higher elevation lakes had lower DOC concentrations and absorbance. These lakes had higher forest cover and minimal wetlands in their watershed, in addition to low nutrients, water temperatures, and chlorophyll a in the lake itself. Two humic‐like and one protein‐like fluorescent component were identified from excitation‐emission matrix spectroscopy. The index of recent autochthonous contribution (BIX), fluorescence index (FIX), and SR optical indices showed that most lakes were dominated by terrestrially derived material. The humification index (HIX) and specific ultra‐violet absorbance (SUVA254) were consistent with more aromatic humic CDOM at lower elevations. The lower fluorescence of humic‐like components at higher elevation was attributed to lower inputs from vegetation. The relative contribution of the protein‐like component increased at higher elevation. This may be due to reduced allochthonous terrestrial inputs relative to in situ production of autochthonous material or increased photochemical/biological degradation of allochthonous material. Differences in optical characteristics associated with the amount and source of CDOM were observed across the elevational gradient. These differences were driven by characteristics at both within‐lake and watershed scales.
Scattering of a laser beam in turbid media with forward-peaked Henyey–Greenstein indicatrices

The propagation of a continuous laser beam through homogeneous tissue-like liquid turbid media having sharply forward-directed Henyey–Greenstein indicatrices is studied. The in-depth on-axis and cross-sectional radial distributions of the detected forward-propagating light power are experimentally determined. The spatial distribution of the detected power is also described analytically by solving the radiative transfer equation in the so-called small-angle approximation. The experimental results are consistent with the analytical expressions obtained that are shown to allow one to estimate the extinction, reduced-scattering and absorption coefficients and the g-factor of the investigated media.
Brain endothelium-derived extracellular vesicles containing amyloid-beta induce mitochondrial alterations in neural progenitor cells

Aim: Elevated brain deposits of amyloid beta (Aβ40) contribute to neuropathology and cognitive dysfunction in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). However, the role of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) as an interface for the transfer of Aβ40 from the periphery into the brain is not well characterized. In addition, a substantial population of neural progenitor cells (NPCs) resides in close proximity to brain capillaries that form the BBB. The aim of this study is to understand the impact of brain endothelium-derived extracellular vesicles (EV) containing Aβ40 on metabolic functions and differentiation of NPCs. Methods: Endothelial EVs were derived from an in vitro model of the brain endothelium treated with 100 nM Aβ40 or PBS. We then analyzed the impact of these EVs on mitochondrial morphology and bioenergetic disruption of NPCs. In addition, NPCs were differentiated and neurite development upon exposure to EVs was assessed using the IncuCyte Zoom live cell imaging system. Results: We demonstrate that physiological concentrations of Aβ40 can be transferred to accumulate in NPCs via endothelial EVs. This transfer results in mitochondrial dysfunction, disrupting crista morphology, metabolic rates, fusion and fission dynamics of NPCs, as well as their neurite development. Conclusion: Intercellular transfer of Aβ40 is carried out by brain endothelium-derived EVs, which can affect NPC differentiation and induce mitochondrial dysfunction, leading to aberrant neurogenesis. This has pathological implications because NPCs growing into neurons are incorporated into cerebral structures involved in learning and memory, two common phenotypes affected in AD and related dementias.
Using Adobe Animate CC Software in Designing Interactive Multimedia Based on Cognitive Conflict in Straight Motion

The understanding of student concepts found in the field in straight motion materials is still relatively low and the unavailability of teaching materials or multimedia can increase students' understanding of concepts. One solution to be able to solve this problem is to design interactive multimedia based on cognitive conflicts. This study aims to design interactive multimedia based on cognitive conflicts on valid straight-motion materials. Interactive Multimedia based on cognitive conflicts as teaching material to improve understanding of student concepts based on assessments from experts. This research uses a development research method (Design Research) with a group development model. However, the research carried out is limited to the Development or Prototyping phase stage of the expert review section. The object of this study is interactive multimedia based on cognitive conflicts. The data collection instruments in this study are educator questionnaires, journal analysis sheets, and validity test sheets. The data were analyzed using the Percentage technique and the V-Aiken formula. The results of the study obtained interactive multimedia design using Adobe Animate CC software which can be used on student smartphones. This interactive multimedia is compiled based on syntactic cognitive conflict-based learning models. The validity of the product obtained from the assessment of experts obtained the average value of the product, which was 0.81 with a valid category. Interactive multimedia is proven to be valid in terms of material substance, learning design, visual communication display, and use of software
Influence of inertia on the transient axisymmetric free-surface flow inside thin cavities of arbitrary shape

The influence of inertia is examined for transient axisymmetric free surface flow inside a thin cavity of arbitrary shape. The flow field is obtained by solving the lubrication equations, which are averaged over the cavity gap by expanding the velocity in terms of Chandrasekhar functions and using the Galerkin projection method. The formulation accounts for the transverse flow, as well as nonlinearities stemming from inertia and front location. Both flows under an imposed flow rate, and an imposed pressure at the cavity entrance are examined. The influence of inertia, aspect ratio, gravity, and cavity geometry on the evolution of the front, flow rate, and pressure is assessed particularly in the early stage of flow. Comparison with existing results shows full qualitative agreement for cavities of various geometries and flow conditions. Inertia is found to have a significant influence on early transient behavior, leading to the development of a flow of the “boundary-layer” type upon inception. The effect o.
Efficacy of the PRESERFLO MicroShunt and a Meta-Analysis of the Literature

Background: Recent studies on the PRESERFLO MicroShunt suggest that it may be effective in lowering intraocular pressure (IOP); however, the number of studies on this device remains limited. Therefore, we assessed the efficacy of the PRESERFLO MicroShunt in patients with glaucoma and performed a meta-analysis of published results. Methods: Prospective study including all patients that underwent PRESERFLO MicroShunt surgery from 2018 onwards. Sub-analyses were performed for cataract-combined procedures. To compare our results, we performed a systematic review and meta-analysis. IOP, IOP-lowering medication and surgical complications reported in the retrieved studies were assessed. Results: A total of 72 eyes underwent PRESERFLO-implant surgery (59 as standalone procedure and 13 as cataract-combined procedure). No significant differences were found in IOP and IOP-lowering medication between both groups. The mean ± standard deviation IOP and IOP-lowering medications of both groups taken together declined from 21.72 ± 8.35 to 15.92 ± 8.54 mmHg (p < 0.001, 26.7% reduction) and 3.40 to 0.93 (p < 0.001, 72.6% reduction) at 1 year follow-up, respectively. Secondary surgeries were required in 19.4% of eyes, the majority (71.4%) within 6 months. The meta-analysis including 14 studies (totaling 1213 PRESERFLO MicroShunt surgeries) from the systematic review showed a mean preoperative IOP and IOP-lowering medication of 22.28 ± 5.38 and 2.97 ± 1.07, respectively. The three-years postoperative pooled mean was (weighted mean difference, 95% CI) 11.07 (10.27 [8.23–12.32], p < 0.001) mmHg and 0.91 (1.77 [1.26–2.28], p < 0.001) for IOP and IOP-lowering medication, respectively. The most common reported complication was hypotony (2–39%). Conclusion: The PRESERFLO MicroShunt is effective and safe in lowering IOP and the number of IOP-lowering medications.