Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Bioactive Lipids and Their Derivatives in Biomedical Applications

Lipids, which along with carbohydrates and proteins are among the most important nutrients for the living organism, have a variety of biological functions that can be applied widely in biomedicine. A fatty acid, the most fundamental biological lipid, may be classified by length of its aliphatic chain, and the short-, medium-, and long-chain fatty acids and each have distinct biological activities with therapeutic relevance. For example, short-chain fatty acids have immune regulatory activities and could be useful against autoimmune disease; medium-chain fatty acids generate ketogenic metabolites and may be used to control seizure; and some metabolites oxidized from long-chain fatty acids could be used to treat metabolic disorders. Glycerolipids play important roles in pathological environments, such as those of cancers or metabolic disorders, and thus are regarded as a potential therapeutic target. Phospholipids represent the main building unit of the plasma membrane of cells, and play key roles in cellular signaling. Due to their physical properties, glycerophospholipids are frequently used as pharmaceutical ingredients, in addition to being potential novel drug targets for treating disease. Sphingolipids, which comprise another component of the plasma membrane, have their own distinct biological functions and have been investigated in nanotechnological applications such as drug delivery systems. Saccharolipids, which are derived from bacteria, have endotoxin effects that stimulate the immune system. Chemically modified saccharolipids might be useful for cancer immunotherapy or as vaccine adjuvants. This review will address the important biological function of several key lipids and offer critical insights into their potential therapeutic applications.
Schwann cell‐derived exosomes: Janus‐faced mediators of regeneration and disease

The phenotypic plasticity of Schwann cells (SCs) has contributed to the regenerative potential of the peripheral nervous system (PNS), but also pathological processes. This double‐sided effect has led to an increasing attention to the role of extracellular vesicles (EVs) or exosomes in SCs to examine the intercellular communication between SCs and their surroundings. Here, we first describe the current knowledge of SC and EV biology, which forms the basis for the updates on advances in SC‐derived exosomes research. We seek to explore in‐depth the exosome‐mediated molecular mechanisms involved in the regulation of SCs and their microenvironment. This review concludes with potential applications of SC‐derived exosomes as delivery vehicles for therapeutics and biomarkers. The goal of this review is to emphasize the crucial role of SC‐derived exosomes in the functional integration of the PNS, highlighting an emerging area in which there is much to explore and re‐explore.
Two new species of the millipede genus Glyphiulus Gervais, 1847 (Diplopoda, Spirostreptida, Cambalopsidae) from caves in northern Thailand

﻿Abstract Two new species of the genus Glyphiulus Gervais, 1847 are described and illustrated. The first species, G.longussp. nov., is the second species of the javanicus-group to be found in Thailand. It resembles G.guangnanensis Jiang, Guo, Chen & Xie, 2018, from southern China, but is distinguished by a smaller size and the carinotaxic formula of the collum, combined with ♂ legs 1 bearing very strongly reduced telopodites, the anterior gonopods showing a pair of very long and slender apicomesal processes, and the denser plumose and stout flagella of the posterior gonopods. The second species, G.promdamisp. nov., the fifth member of the granulatus-group in Thailand, seems to be particularly similar to G.subbedosae Likhitrakarn, Golovatch & Panha, 2017, from Laos. However, it can be distinguished from the latter species mainly by showing a uniformly yellow collum and the posterior gonopod coxite bearing several strong setae in median and lateral views, coupled with the anterior gonopod coxosternum being microsetose in the anterior and medial parts in caudal view. An identification key to, and a distribution map of, all seven Glyphiulus species currently known to occur in Thailand are also provided.
Rift Valley fever virus 78kDa envelope protein attenuates virus replication in macrophage-derived cell lines and viral virulence in mice

Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) is a mosquito-borne bunyavirus with a wide host range including ruminants and humans. RVFV outbreaks have had devastating effects on public health and the livestock industry in African countries. However, there is no approved RVFV vaccine for human use in non-endemic countries and no FDA-approved antiviral drug for RVFV treatment. The RVFV 78kDa protein (P78), which is a membrane glycoprotein, plays a role in virus dissemination in the mosquito host, but its biological role in mammalian hosts remains unknown. We generated an attenuated RVFV MP-12 strain-derived P78-High virus and a virulent ZH501 strain-derived ZH501-P78-High virus, both of which expressed a higher level of P78 and carried higher levels of P78 in the virion compared to their parental viruses. We also generated another MP-12-derived mutant virus (P78-KO virus) that does not express P78. MP-12 and P78-KO virus replicated to similar levels in fibroblast cell lines and Huh7 cells, while P78-High virus replicated better than MP-12 in Vero E6 cells, fibroblast cell lines, and Huh7 cells. Notably, P78-High virus and P78-KO virus replicated less efficiently and more efficiently, respectively, than MP-12 in macrophage cell lines. ZH501-P78-High virus also replicated poorly in macrophage cell lines. Our data further suggest that inefficient binding of P78-High virus to the cells led to inefficient virus internalization, low virus infectivity and reduced virus replication in a macrophage cell line. P78-High virus and P78-KO virus showed lower and higher virulence than MP-12, respectively, in young mice. ZH501-P78-High virus also exhibited lower virulence than ZH501 in mice. These data suggest that high levels of P78 expression attenuate RVFV virulence by preventing efficient virus replication in macrophages. Genetic alteration leading to increased P78 expression may serve as a novel strategy for the attenuation of RVFV virulence and generation of safe RVFV vaccines.
Assessment of thyroid-specific quality of life in patients with benign symptomatic thyroid nodules treated with radiofrequency or ethanol ablation: a prospective multicenter study

Purpose Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) and ethanol ablation (EA) are effective and safe for benign symptomatic thyroid nodules (BSTNs). However, relatively little is known about the effects of these procedures on patients’ quality of life (QoL). This prospective, multicenter study evaluated the effects of RFA and EA on changes in thyroid-specific QoL in patients with BSTNs and assessed the volume reduction and safety of these procedures. Methods Eighty-six consecutive patients with 86 BSTNs were prospectively included from two medical centers. RFA was performed for 55 BSTNs with solidity ≥50% and EA was performed for 31 BSTNs with solidity <50%. QoL was evaluated using an 11-scale, multiple-choice thyroid-specific QoL questionnaire. Nodule characteristics and QoL were evaluated at diagnosis and 1, 6, and 12 months after treatment. Overall QoL was rated from 0 (good) to 4 (poor). Results The mean longest size and volume of the index nodule were 4.2±1.5 cm and 21.6±22.1 mL, respectively. Patients received 1.1 treatments on average (range, 1 to 2). Significant post-treatment volume reductions were noted; however, the EA group showed a higher volume reduction than the RFA group at 1 (78.7%-16.1% vs. 49.1%-15.8%), 6 (86.3%-21.7% vs. 73.0%-14.5%), and 12 (90.9%-14.9% vs. 80.3%-12.4%) months. The score for each scale of the QoL questionnaire improved significantly during follow-up (all P<0.001). Overall QoL improved significantly, from 1.7±0.9 at diagnosis to 0.6±0.7 at the 12-month follow-up (P<0.001). There were no major complications. Conclusion Both RFA and EA are safe and effective in reducing nodule volume and improving thyroid-specific QoL in patients with BSTNs.
How is Video Efficient to Diagnose Sport-Related Concussion? A Cross-Sectional Study in the French TOP14 Rugby Championship

Objective: To describe the frequency of clinical signs and the accuracy of video diagnosis of sport-related concussion. Design: An observational cross-sectional study. Setting and Participants: Videos from a database of all suspected sport-related concussion in TOP14 matches (French professional male rugby Championship) were used, from 2012 to 2015 seasons. The videos were analyzed by 4 observers, blinded to the concussion diagnosis, after a training phase, and an inter-rater reliability analysis. Interventions: N/A. Main Outcome Measures: Video analysis for clinical signs and presumed diagnosis of sport-related concussion. The observer's diagnosis was compared with the team physicians' diagnosis. Results: Four hundred seventeen videos were analyzed with 142 concussed players. Sport-related concussions happened mostly from an impact to the head (seen by the observers in 98.4%), against an opponent (73.2%), and during a tackle (74.6%). Video signs were observable in 98.6% for suspected loss of consciousness, tonic posturing (95%), ataxia (77.2%), dazed look (35.7%), abnormal behavior (18.2%), and seizures (96.2%). Ataxia was seen in 77.7% of concussed players, suspected loss of consciousness in 61.4%, dazed look in 63.2%, abnormal behavior in 55%, and tonic posturing in 7.1%. The observers diagnosed 79.8% of concussions. Conclusions: We described the frequency of video clinical signs of sport-related concussion, with a good accuracy of the blinded observers for the diagnosis. This emphasizes the importance of pitch-side video analysis as an extra tool for sport-related concussion diagnosis.
Association of Weight Loss With Improved Sexual Function in Females

Introduction The prevalence of obesity in developing countries, including Pakistan, has increased several fold in recent times. Obesity appears to negatively affect sexual functioning, hence affecting the quality of life. Its impact on sexual function is understudied. In this study, we will determine the impact of weight loss in improving sexual function in the local setting. Methods This prospective study was conducted in the endocrinology unit of a tertiary care hospital in Pakistan from February 2019 to January 2021. After taking informed consent, 300 married female participants were enrolled in the study. The questionnaire was composed using the pointers from the female sexual function index (FSFI). The privacy of the participants was fully ensured. After the survey, participants were counseled on losing weight via various techniques. Participants were followed up on day 30, day 60, and finally on day 90. On day 90, the FSFI questionnaire was repeated to assess sexual function. Weight loss was measured at the end of day 90. Result A total of 208 participants completed the study. Significant improvement in FSFI score was seen in participants with weight loss between 2% and 5% of their initial body weight (24.01 ± 2.2 vs. 26.07 ± 2.6; p-value: <0.0001). Similarly, a significant improvement in FSFI score was seen in participants with weight loss of more than 5% (24.17 ± 2.2 vs. 27.01 ± 2.6; p-value: <0.0001). Conclusion In conclusion, weight loss is associated with improved sexual function in females. While discussing complications of obesity, impact on sexual function should also be discussed.
Molecules with ALMA at Planet-forming Scales (MAPS). XIX. Spiral Arms, a Tail, and Diffuse Structures Traced by CO around the GM Aur Disk

The concentric gaps and rings commonly observed in protoplanetary disks in millimeter continuum emission have lent the impression that planet formation generally proceeds within orderly, isolated systems. While deep observations of spatially resolved molecular emission have been comparatively limited, they are increasingly suggesting that some disks interact with their surroundings while planet formation is underway. We present an analysis of complex features identified around GM Aur in 12CO J = 2 − 1 images at a spatial resolution of ∼40 au. In addition to a Keplerian disk extending to a radius of ∼550 au, the CO emission traces flocculent spiral arms out to radii of ∼1200 au, a tail extending ∼1800 au southwest of GM Aur, and diffuse structures extending from the north side of the disk up to radii of ∼1900 au. The diffuse structures coincide with a “dust ribbon” previously identified in scattered light. The large-scale asymmetric gas features present a striking contrast with the mostly axisymmetric, multi-ringed millimeter continuum tracing the pebble disk. We hypothesize that GM Aur’s complex gas structures result from late infall of remnant envelope or cloud material onto the disk. The morphological similarities to the SU Aur and AB Aur systems, which are also located in the L1517 cloud, provide additional support to a scenario in which interactions with the environment are playing a role in regulating the distribution and transport of material in all three of these Class II disk systems. This paper is part of the MAPS special issue of the Astrophysical Journal Supplement.
Improvements of Statistical Learning Skills Allow Older Children to Go Beyond Single-Hypothesis Testing When Learning Words

Abstract Children learn words in ambiguous situations, where multiple objects can potentially be referents for a new word. Yet, researchers debate whether children maintain a single word-object hypothesis – and revise it if falsified by later information – or whether children establish a network of word-object associations whose relative strengths are modulated with experience. To address this issue, we presented 4- to 12-year-old children with sets of mutual exclusivity (fast-mapping) trials: offering them with obvious initial hypotheses (that the novel object is the referent for the novel word). We observe that children aged six years and above, despite showing a novelty bias and retaining this novel word – novel object association, also formed an association between the novel word and the name-known object, thereby suggesting that older children attend to more than one word-object association, in a manner similar to associative learning. We discuss our findings in the context of competing theoretical accounts related to word learning.
Involvement of glucose transporter 4 in ovarian development and reproductive maturation of Harmonia axyridis (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae)

Glucose is vital to embryogenesis, as are glucose transporters. Glucose transporter 4 (Glut4) is one of the glucose transporters, which is involved in rapid uptake of glucose by various cells and promotes glucose homeostasis. Although energy metabolism in insect reproduction is well known, the molecular mechanism of Glut4 in insect reproduction is poorly understood. We suspect that Glut4 is involved in maintaining glucose concentrations in the ovaries and affecting vitellogenesis, which is critical for subsequent oocyte maturation and insect fertility. Harmonia axyridis (Pallas) is a model organism for genetic research and a natural enemy of insect pests. We studied the influence of the Glut4 gene on the reproduction and development of H. axyridis using RNA interference technology. Reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis revealed that HaGlut4 was most highly expressed in adults. Knockdown of the HaGlut4 gene reduced the transcript levels of HaGlut4, and the weight and number of eggs produced significantly decreased. In addition, the transcript levels of vitellogenin receptor and vitellogenin in the fat bodies and the ovaries of H. axyridis decreased after the interference of Glut4, and decreased the triglyceride, fatty acid, total amino acid and adenosine triphosphate content of H. axyridis. This resulted in severe blockage of ovary development and reduction of yolk formation; there was no development of ovarioles in the developing oocytes. These changes indicate that a lack of HaGlut4 can impair ovarian development and oocyte maturation and result in decreased fecundity.
Comparison of Antibody and T Cell Responses Induced by Single Doses of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 and BNT162b2 Vaccines

There are limited data directly comparing humoral and T cell responses to the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 and BNT162b2 vaccines. We compared Ab and T cell responses after first doses of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vs. BNT162b2 vaccines. We enrolled healthcare workers who received ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 or BNT162b2 vaccine in Seoul, Korea. Anti-severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) S1 protein-specific IgG Abs (S1-IgG), neutralizing Abs (NT Abs), and SARS-CoV-2-specific T cell response were evaluated before vaccination and at 1-wk intervals for 3 wks after vaccination. A total of 76 persons, comprising 40 injected with the ChAdOx1 vaccine and 36 injected with the BNT162b2 vaccine, participated in this study. At 3 wks after vaccination, the mean levels (±SD) of S1-IgG and NT Abs in the BNT162b2 participants were significantly higher than in the ChAdOx1 participants (S1-IgG, 14.03±7.20 vs. 6.28±8.87, p<0.0001; NT Ab, 183.1±155.6 vs. 116.6±116.2, p=0.035), respectively. However, the mean values of the T cell responses in the 2 groups were comparable after 2 wks. The humoral immune response after the 1st dose of BNT162b2 developed faster and was stronger than after the 1st dose of ChAdOx1. However, the T cell responses to BNT162b2 and ChAdOx1 were similar.
Arthroscopic Bankart Repair Versus Open Latarjet for Recurrent Shoulder Instability in Athletes

Background: In athletes with recurrent shoulder instability, arthroscopic Bankart repair (ABR) and the open Latarjet procedure (OL) are commonly indicated to restore stability and allow them to return to play (RTP). Purpose: To compare the outcomes of ABR and OL in athletes with recurrent shoulder instability. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: We performed a retrospective review of patients with recurrent shoulder instability who underwent ABR and OL and had a minimum 24-month follow-up. Indications for OL over ABR in this population were those considered at high risk for recurrence, including patients with glenohumeral bone loss. The patients were pair-matched in a 1:1 ratio (OL and ABR) by age, sex, sport, and level of preoperative play. We evaluated the rate, level, and timing of RTP, and the Shoulder Instability–Return to Sport after Injury (SIRSI) score between procedures. Additionally we compared the recurrence rate, visual analog scale (VAS) pain score, Subjective Shoulder Value (SSV), Rowe score, satisfaction, and whether patients would undergo the same surgery again. Results: Participants included 62 athletes who underwent ABR and 62 who underwent OL, with a mean follow-up of 47.7 months. There was no significant difference between ABR and OL in rate of RTP, return to preinjury level, time to return, SIRSI score, VAS score, SSV, or patient satisfaction. OL resulted in a significantly lower recurrence rate (1.6% vs 16.1% for ABR; P = .009) and a significantly higher Rowe score (mean ± SD, 90.5 ± 12.2 vs 82.2 ± 20.8 for ABR; P = .008). In collision athletes, there was no significant difference between ABR and OL regarding RTP rate (89.1% vs 94.5%; P = .489) or SIRSI score (70.4 ± 24.8 vs 73.8 ± 19.6; P = .426), but OL resulted in a lower recurrence rate (14.5% vs 1.8%; P = .031). Conclusion: ABR and OL resulted in excellent clinical outcomes, with high rates of RTP in athletes. However, lower recurrence rates were seen with OL.
Nomogram Prediction of Short-Term Outcome After Intracerebral Hemorrhage

Background The early symptoms of patients with elevated intracranial pressure (ICP) after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) are easily overlooked, which will result in missing the optimal opportunity for clinical intervention. However, it is difficult for ICH patients admitted to the neurology department to receive invasive ICP monitoring, although it is crucial for the early identification of neurologic deterioration (ND). Objective The aim of this study is to investigate the association between the changes of transcranial Doppler (TCD) variables and ND after onset and establish a nomogram for predicting the short-term outcome of ICH. Methods A total of 297 patients were recruited and their clinical characteristics and the changes of TCD variables were recorded. The independent prognostic factors for the ND after onset in the ICH patients were screened from multivariate Logistic regression analysis, which were served as inputs for the nomogram construction. Discrimination and calibration validations were performed to assess the performance of the nomogram [concordance index (C-index) for discrimination and Hosmer–Lemeshow (HL) test for calibration] and the decision curve analysis was applied to assess the clinical suitability. Results ΔaPI [defined as the change of pulsatility index (PI) between the 1st and 3rd day after onset for affected hemisphere] was independently associated with the ND after onset. Moreover, hematoma volume, presence of intraventricular hemorrhage, and Glasgow coma scale were also the independent prognostic factors of ND. The developed nomogram incorporating ΔaPI showed good discrimination (C-index: 0.916 after 1000 bootstrapping) and calibration (P=0.412, HL test) and yielded net benefits. Conclusion The nomogram incorporating ΔaPI might be useful in predicting the risk of ND within 14 days after onset, which might help identify patients in the neurology department in need of further care.
Brolucizumab in Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration – Indian Real-World Experience: The BRAILLE Study – Fifty-Two-Week Outcomes

Purpose To report the 52-week real-world efficacy and safety outcomes of brolucizumab therapy for neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) in Indian eyes. Patients and Methods A retrospective, multicentre chart analysis of 82 eyes of 82 patients with nAMD (switch therapy: 65 eyes; treatment-naïve: 17 eyes) with 52-week follow-up data was performed. Pro-re-nata re-treatment was offered based on visual and tomographic criteria. Changes in best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), intraretinal fluid (IRF), subretinal fluid (SRF), central-subfield thickness (CST), and pigment epithelial detachment (PED) were the key outcome measures, coupled with the safety profile. Results The mean age of the study population was 67.65 (±10.67) years, with 57 male patients (69.5%). The study’s mean number of injections was 4.8 (± 0.77). After brolucizumab therapy, the BCVA improved significantly at weeks 4 (P<0.001), and maintained up to week 52 (P<0.001). The CST also reduced significantly at all the visits (Baseline: 413.6 ± 64.6 µm; 52-week: 292.37 ± 13.5 µm; P<0.001). Significantly fewer eyes demonstrated residual SRF (P<0.001) and IRF (P<0.001) at all visits, starting with week 12 and continuing until week 52. The PED resolution was significant from week 24 through week 52 (P=0.004). Each of the 82 eyes received four injections of brolucizumab, with 63.4% (52 eyes) receiving a fifth dose and only 17.1% requiring a sixth. Mild intraocular inflammation (IOI) was seen in three eyes (3.66%) that resolved conservatively. One patient (1.2%) developed mild fever that subsided with oral medications. Conclusion The 52-week BRAILLE study demonstrates that brolucizumab is effective and safe in nAMD eyes in a real-world setting. Brolucizumab treatment can reduce the therapeutic burden in patients with nAMD due to its rapid, sustained efficacy and favourable safety profile.