Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Dynamic response control of centrifugal pendulum vibration absorber with motion-limiting device during startup in gravity field

The dynamic performance of a vertically rotating centrifugal pendulum vibration absorber (CPVA) during engine start-up was investigated. The equations of motion were established using a Lagrange equation of the second kind containing terms for gravity and the motion-limiting device of the absorber, respectively. The optimal positioning of the motion-limiting device was determined from the perspective of CPVA stability and damping capability, and the terminology for the CPVA damping quality factor was defined to evaluate the damping capability of the absorber. Simulink models were established to simulate the behaviour of the absorbers at different speeds during engine initiation and assess the impact between the absorber and motion-limiting device during engine start. Based on the results, the concept of knocking power was proposed, and it was shown that resonance occurring during engine start worsens the noise, vibration and harshness (NVH) performance of the system. It was further shown that the initial position of the absorber at the moment of engine start to turn affects the knocking power and, as a result, the startup noise of the CPVA. The study also finds that the transient position of the absorber at the engine ignition time affects the knocking power. The responses of CPVA under different working conditions were tested on an electric bench and compared with simulation results. Based on our results, we propose several measures to control absorber behaviour and reduce knocking power.
A Faint Halo Star Cluster Discovered in the Blanco Imaging of the Southern Sky Survey

We present the discovery of a faint, resolved stellar system, BLISS J0321+0438 (BLISS 1), found in Dark Energy Camera data from the first observing run of the Blanco Imaging of the Southern Sky (BLISS) survey. BLISS J0321+0438 (BLISS 1) is located at with a heliocentric distance of . It is a faint, , and compact, , system consistent with previously discovered faint halo star clusters. Using data from the second data release of the Gaia satellite, we measure a proper motion of mas yr−1. Combining the available positional and velocity information with simulations of the accreted satellite population of the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC), we find that it is unlikely that BLISS J0321+0438 (BLISS 1) originated with the LMC.
25 Orionis: A Kinematically Distinct 10 Myr Old Group in Orion OB1a

We report here on the photometric and kinematic properties of a well-defined group of nearly 200 low-mass pre-main-sequence stars, concentrated within ~1° of the early-B star 25 Ori, in the Orion OB1a subassociation. We refer to this stellar aggregate as the 25 Orionis group. The group also harbors the Herbig Ae/Be star V346 Ori and a dozen other early-type stars with photometry, parallaxes, and some with IR excess emission, indicative of group membership. The number of high- and low-mass stars is in agreement with expectations from a standard initial mass function. The velocity distribution for the low-mass stars shows a narrow peak at 19.7 km s-1, offset ~-10 km s-1 from the velocity characterizing the younger stars of the Ori OB1b subassociation, and -4 km s-1 from the velocity of widely spread young stars of the Ori OB1a population; this result provides new and compelling evidence that the 25 Ori group is a distinct kinematic entity, and that considerable space and velocity structure is present in the Ori OB1a subassociation. The low-mass members follow a well-defined band in the color-magnitude diagram, consistent with an isochronal age of ~7-10 Myr. The ~2 time drop in the overall Li I equivalent widths and accretion fraction between the younger Ori OB1b and the 25 Ori group is consistent with the latter being significantly older. In a simple-minded kinematic evolution scenario, the 25 Ori group may represent the evolved counterpart of the younger σ Ori cluster. The 25 Ori stellar aggregate is the most populous ~10 Myr sample yet known within 500 pc, setting it as an excellent laboratory to study the evolution of solar-like stars and protoplanetary disks.
Magnetic Helicity from Multipolar Regions on the Solar Surface

The emergence of dipolar magnetic features on the solar surface is an idealization. Most of the magnetic flux emergence occurs in complex multipolar regions. Here, we show that the surface pattern of magnetic structures alone can reveal the sign of the underlying magnetic helicity in the nearly force-free coronal regions above. The sign of the magnetic helicity can be predicted to good accuracy by considering the three-dimensional position vectors of three spots on the sphere ordered by their relative strengths at the surface and compute from them the skew product. This product, which is a pseudoscalar, is shown to be a good proxy for the sign of the coronal magnetic helicity.
Poststroke Seizure and Epilepsy: A Review of Incidence, Risk Factors, Diagnosis, Pathophysiology, and Pharmacological Therapies

Stroke is the most common cause of epilepsy and ultimately leads to a decrease in the quality of life of those affected. Ischemic and hemorrhagic strokes can both lead to poststroke epilepsy (PSE). Significant risk factors for PSE include age < 65age less than 65 years, stroke severity measured by the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS), cortical involvement, and genetic factors such as TRPM6 polymorphism. The diagnosis of PSE is made by using imaging modalities, blood biomarkers, and prognostic criteria. Electroencephalography (EEG) is currently the gold standard to diagnose PSE, while new combinations of modalities are being tested to increase diagnostic specificity. This literature review uncovers a newly found mechanism for the pathology of poststroke epilepsy. The pathogenesis of early-onset and late-onset is characterized by sequelae of neuronal cellular hypoxia and disruption of the blood-brain barrier, respectively. Interleukin-6 is responsible for increasing the activity of glial cells, causing gliosis and hyperexcitability of neurons. Epinephrine, high-mobility group protein B1, downregulation of CD32, and upregulation of HLA-DR impact the pathology of poststroke epilepsy by inhibiting the normal neuronal immune response. Decreased levels of neuropeptide Y, a neurotransmitter, act through multiple unique mechanisms, such as inhibiting intracellular Ca2+ accumulation and acting as an anti-inflammatory, also implemented in the worsening progression of poststroke epilepsy. Additionally, CA1 hippocampal resonant neurons that increase theta oscillation are associated with poststroke epilepsy. Hypertensive small vessel disease may also have an implication in the temporal lobe epilepsy by causing occult microinfarctions. Furthermore, this review highlights the potential use of statins as primary prophylaxis against PSE, with multiple studies demonstrating a reduction in incidence using statins alone, statins in combination with antiepileptic drugs (AEDs), and statins with aspirin. The evidence strongly suggests that the second generation AEDs are a superior treatment method for PSE. Data from numerous studies demonstrate their relative lack of significant drug interactions, increased tolerability, and potential superiority in maintaining seizure-free status.
Derivative interactions in de Rham-Gabadadze-Tolley massive gravity

We investigate the possibility of a new massive gravity theory with derivative interactions as an extension of de Rham-Gabadadze-Tolley massive gravity. We find the most general Lagrangian of derivative interactions using Riemann tensor whose cutoff energy scale is $\Lambda_3$, which is consistent with de Rham-Gabadadze-Tolley massive gravity. Surprisingly, this infinite number of derivative interactions can be resummed with the same method in de Rham-Gabadadze-Tolley massive gravity, and remaining interactions contain only two parameters. We show that the equations of motion for scalar and tensor modes in the decoupling limit contain fourth derivatives with respect to spacetime, which implies the appearance of ghosts at $\Lambda_3$. We claim that consistent derivative interactions in de Rham-Gabadadze-Tolley massive gravity have a mass scale $M$, which is much smaller than the Planck mass $M_{\rm Pl}$.
The distribution of ejected brown dwarfs in clusters

We examine the spatial distribution of brown dwarfs produced by the decay of small-N stellar systems as expected from the embryo ejection scenario. We model a cluster of several hundred stars grouped into ‘cores’ of a few stars/brown dwarfs. These cores decay, preferentially ejecting their lowest-mass members. Brown dwarfs are found to have a wider spatial distribution than stars, however once the effects of limited survey areas and unresolved binaries are taken into account it can be difficult to distinguish between clusters with many or no ejections. A large difference between the distributions probably indicates that ejections have occurred, however similar distributions sometimes arise even with ejections. Thus the spatial distribution of brown dwarfs is not necessarily a good discriminator between ejection and non-ejection scenarios.
Short- and long-term evolution of a stellar disc around a massive black hole: the role of the cusp, stellar evolution and binaries

We study the dynamical evolution of a stellar disk orbiting a massive black hole. We explore the role of two-body relaxation, mass segregation, stellar evolution and binary heating in affecting the disk evolution, and consider the impact of the nuclear cluster structure and the stellar-disk mass-function. We use analytic arguments and numerical calculations, and apply them to study the evolution of a stellar disk (similar to that observed in the Galactic center; GC), both on the short (few Myr) and longer (100 Myr) evolutionary timescales. We find the dominant processes affecting the disk evolution are two-body relaxation and mass segregation where as binary heating have only a little contribution. Massive stars play a dominant role in kinematically heating low mass stars, and driving them to high eccentricities/inclinations. Multi-mass models with realistic mass-functions for the disk stars show the disk structure to be mass stratified, with the most massive stars residing in thinner structures. Stellar evolution plays an important role in decreasing the number of massive stars with time, thereby leading to slower relaxation, where the remnant compact objects of these stars are excited to higher eccentricities/inclinations. At these later evolutionary stages dynamical heating by the nuclear cluster plays a progressively more important role. We conclude that the high eccentricities of the disk-stars in the Galactic Center suggest that the disk formed with initially high eccentricities, or that collective or secular processes dominate the disk evolution. Finally, we find that the disk structure is expected to keep a thin structure even after 100 Myrs. It therefore suggests earlier disks now containing only older, lower mass stars might still be observed in the Galactic center, unless destroyed/smeared by other non-two-body relaxation processes.
Microstructural and Textural Investigation of an Mg-Zn-Al-Ca Alloy after Hot Plane Strain Compression

The formability of magnesium alloys can be significantly improved by Ca as an alloying addition. Compared to conventional alloy sheets such as AZ31, texture modification can be found in rolled Mg-Ca sheets, which reveal a randomized orientation distribution. The hot deformation behavior of a twin-roll cast and homogenized Mg-2Zn-1Al-0.3Ca (ZAX210) alloy was characterized during hot compression at a temperature of 350 °C and strain rates of 0.1 s−1 and 10 s−1. Electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) analysis was performed in order to describe the microstructural and texture evolution. The ZAX210 alloy exhibits a pronounced dynamic recrystallization (DRX) behavior during compression at high strain rates, while at lower strain rates DRX hardly occurred. This effect can be attributed to different DRX mechanisms that take place as a function of strain rate. At low strain rates, DRX occurred locally at the grain boundaries of the original microstructure, forming a so-called necklace structure. Increasing strain rate results in an increased fraction of recrystallized grains from 18% (0.1 s−1) to 39% (10 s−1). The microstructure revealed that twin boundaries act as nucleation sites for the DRX (TDRX). The recrystallized areas exhibit a weaker texture compared to the deformed microstructure.
Surface Modification of PHBV Fibrous Scaffold via Lithium Borohydride Reduction

In this study, lithium borohydride (LiBH4) reduction was used to modify the surface chemistry of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) fibers. Although the most common reaction employed in the surface treatment of polyester materials is hydrolysis, it is not suitable for fiber modification of bacterial polyesters, which are highly resistant to this type of reaction. The use of LiBH4 allowed the formation of surface hydroxyl groups under very mild conditions, which was crucial for maintaining the fibers’ integrity. The presence of these groups resulted in a noticeable improvement in the surface hydrophilicity of PHBV, as revealed by contact angle measurements. After the treatment with a LiBH4 solution, the electrospun PHBV fibrous mat had a significantly greater number of viable osteoblast-like cells (SaOS-2 cell line) than the untreated mat. Moreover, the results of the cell proliferation measurements correlated well with the observed cell morphology. The most flattened SaOS-2 cells were found on the surface that supported the best cell attachment. Most importantly, the results of our study indicated that the degree of surface modification could be controlled by changing the degradation time and concentration of the borohydride solution. This was of great importance since it allowed optimization of the surface properties to achieve the highest cell-proliferation capacity.
From locked-down to locked-in? COVID-induced social practice change across four consumption domains

Abstract The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted everyday living and social practices, prompting questions of whether more sustainable consumption patterns are emerging and the likelihood of their long-term retention. To examine these questions, we apply a practice-based approach to a quantitative study of COVID-driven practice changes in the domains of food, material consumption, housing, and mobility conducted in four global North countries (Germany, Italy, Japan, and the United States). We discuss the trends emerging from our analysis from a sustainability perspective and address the role of social practice elements – materials, meanings, competences – in the establishment and discontinuation of sustainable consumption practices. Observed sustainability gains in specific practices and domains (such as a decrease in material consumption and more sustainable food practices and diets), may be offset by other practices, particularly a renewed desire for air travel and larger housing. The uptake and lock-in of sustainable practices are driven by a combination of meaning and material-related practice elements such as the alignment with interests and personal values; the availability of labor, energy, or time; and the ability to routinize practices. However, new policies to support emerging lifestyle shifts, as well as the development of businesses catering to and encouraging low-impact practices, may ultimately determine the formation of a more sustainable “new normal. ” We also reflect on the strengths and limitations of using quantitative research methods in studies of sustainable consumption informed by social practice theories.
Intrinsic protein disorder uncouples affinity from binding specificity

Intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) and intrinsically disordered regions (IDRs) of proteins often function by molecular recognition, in which they undergo induced folding. Based on prior generalizations, the idea prevails in the IDP field that due to the entropic penalty of induced folding, the major functional advantage associated with this binding mode is “uncoupling” specificity from binding strength. Nevertheless, both weaker binding and high specificity of IDPs/IDRs rest on limited experimental observations, making these assumptions more speculations than evidence‐supported facts. The issue is also complicated by the rather vague concept of specificity that lacks an exact measure, such as the Kd for binding strength. We addressed these issues by creating and analyzing a comprehensive dataset of well‐characterized ID/globular protein complexes, for which both the atomic structure of the complex and free energy (ΔG, Kd) of interaction is known. Through this analysis, we provide evidence that the affinity distributions of IDP/globular and globular/globular complexes show different trends, whereas specificity does not connote to weaker binding strength of IDPs/IDRs. Furthermore, protein disorder extends the spectrum in the direction of very weak interactions, which may have important regulatory consequences and suggest that, in a biological sense, strict correlation of specificity and binding strength are uncoupled by structural disorder.
The Influence of Student Interest on Student Learning Outcomes in Science Subjects

The formulation of the problem in this study is how the comparison and influence of interest in learning on science learning outcomes of students in SMP 22 Batanghari and SMP 1 Muaro Jambi. The purpose of this research is to find out how the comparison and influence of interest in learning on science learning outcomes of students at SMP 22 Batanghari and SMP 1 Muaro Jambi. This study also serves to see how important student interest in learning is to student learning outcomes in science subjects at the junior high school level. This study uses a mix method research with explanatory design and the data analysis technique used is random sampling. Based on the t-test of student interest in learning and student learning outcomes obtained a significance value of 0.05 so it can be concluded that there is a difference between student interest in learning and student learning outcomes in science subjects at SMP 22 Batanghari and SMP 1 Muaro Jambi. Based on the regression test of student interest in learning and student learning outcomes obtained a significance value of 0.05 so it can be concluded that there is an influence between student interest in learning and student learning outcomes in science subjects at SMP 22 Batanghari and SMP 1 Muaro Jambi
Comparing albuvirtide plus ritonavir-boosted lopinavir regimen to two nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors plus ritonavir-boosted lopinavir in HIV-infected individuals who failed initial treatment: a retrospective comparative cohort study

Background Albuvirtide (ABT), a fusion inhibitor against human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, has good efficacy and tolerability for HIV treatment. However, there is a paucity of data regarding ABT-based regimen as second-line therapy. This current study evaluated the efficacy and safety of switching to ABT + ritonavir-boosted lopinavir (LPV/r) treatment in a cohort of HIV-infected individuals who failed initial treatment. Methods This retrospective comparative cohort study included patients who failed initial treatment and switched to either ABT + LPV/r (the ABT group) or two nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) + LPV/r (the NRTI group) between November 2019 and December 2020 in the People’s Hospital of Zhaojue County in Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture, China. All individuals were followed up from baseline to 12 weeks after conversion, or until the patient developed unacceptable toxic effects or was loss of follow-up. The proportion of patients who achieved virological suppression (viral load <50 copies/mL) at week 12 was considered a primary efficacy endpoint. Safety outcomes included the incidence of adverse events and laboratory abnormalities. All participants underwent resistance testing before regimen conversion. The linear regression model was applied to evaluate the association of CD4+ T cell count with the patient’s clinical characteristics. Results A total of 71 patients were included in this study, the two groups were comparable at baseline in terms of age, sex, CD4+ T cell count, and viral load. The suppression of HIV-1 RNA to levels <50 copies/mL was achieved in 82.4% (28/31) and 29.7% (11/34) of patients in the ABT group and the NRTI group, respectively (P<0.001). Older age (P=0.016) and higher alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels (P=0.038), but not rescue regimen, were associated with attenuated CD4+ T cell recovery. Most adverse events mild in severity, with abdominal pain as the most reported event in two groups (26.8%, 19/71), and no severe adverse events were detected. Conclusions Conversion to ABT + LPV/r therapy appears to be an effective and safe strategy. This treatment regimen has great potential to be generalized in the HIV-infected population, although further testing in a larger patient population is required to verify these results.
Silica optical fibers with high oxygen excess in the core: a new type of radiation-resistant fiber

The technology, initial properties, and the value of radiation-induced attenuation (RIA) of light in the optical communication spectral range ~1.1–1.7 μm are discussed of the novel MCVD-produced undoped-silica-core F-dopedsilica- cladding fibers, of which the core is synthesized in high O2 excess (HOE) conditions (HOE-fibers). The RIA mechanisms are analyzed and compared in the HOE-fibers and in the F-doped-silica-core fibers previously commonly considered as the most radiation-resistant. The measured RIA values in the HOE-fibers and the literature data on the RIA in the commercial radiation-resistant F-doped-silica-core fibers of Fujikura are compared at λ=1.31 and 1.55 μm. Based on this consideration, the HOE-fibers are argued to be potentially superior to the F-doped-silica-core fibers as to radiation resistance especially at long wavelengths (in particular, at λ~1.55 μm). It is also argued that the fiber drawing tension reduction can further lower RIA in the HOE-fibers. A direct experimental comparison of RIA under γ-radiation from a 60Co-source at a dose rate of 8.7 Gy/s up to a dose of 94 kGy is carried out in two HOE-fibers and a commercial radiation-resistant fiber of European make. RIA in the HOE-fibers is found to be many times lower than that in the commercial fiber throughout the optical communication spectral range ~1.1–1.7 μm.
The Evolution of Radio Galaxies at Intermediate Redshift

We describe a new estimate of the radio galaxy 1.4 GHz luminosity function and its evolution at intermediate redshifts (z ∼ 0.4). Photometric redshifts and color selection have been used to select BJ < 23.5 early-type galaxies from the Panoramic Deep Fields, a multicolor survey of two 25 deg2 fields. Approximately 230 radio galaxies have then been selected by matching early-type galaxies with NVSS radio sources brighter than 5 mJy. Estimates of the 1.4 GHz luminosity function of radio galaxies measure significant evolution over the observed redshift range. For an ΩM = 1 cosmology the evolution of the radio power is consistent with luminosity evolution where P(z) ∼ P(0)(1 + z) and 3 < kL < 5. The observed evolution is similar to that observed for UVX and X-ray selected active galactic nuclei and is consistent with the same physical process being responsible for the optical and radio luminosity evolution of active galactic nuclei.