Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Associated Factors to Immunization Timeliness and Completion in Preterm and Low Birth Weight Infants at Essos Hospital Center Yaounde

Introduction. Vaccination is very often delayed in premature and low birth weight infants. However, timely vaccination is even more important in the latter because of their increased susceptibility to infection.Objective. To assess immunization practice and factors associated with vaccine promptness and completeness in former preterm and low-birth-weight infants.Methods. We conducted a retrospective analytical cross-sectional study (January 2017 to February 2019). Main measurement : Promptness and completeness at each contact, Statistical analysis was performed using R software version 3.6. 2, logistic regression was used to estimate the Odds Ratio (OR) and their 95% Confidence Interval (CI). Results. We recruited 310 children aged 12 to 36 months born before 37 weeks with low birth weight, 163 (52.6%) of whom were female. Two hundred and fifty-three had received the vaccines at the indicated age, with promptness rate of 81.6%, and 97.7% had completed routine immunization at 9 months. The mean age at vaccination initiation was 6 days ±11 and the mean weight at vaccination initiation was 2233g ±494. High prematurity and very low birth weight were associated with a high rate of vaccine delay: 61.5% [OR: 15.56; (CI: 3.22-118.52; p=0.002)] and 66.7% [OR: 19.19; (CI: 4.67-92.52; p<0.001)] respectively. Distance > 5 km with HEC [OR: 3.48; (CI: 1.68-7.47; p=0.001)] was associated with poor vaccination. Women in common-law unions had the lowest vaccine readiness rate (60.6%), (OR: 3.36; CI: 1.006-10.70; p=0.038). The frequency of occurrence of post immunization adverse events was 24.5%, with fever type in 94.7%. Conclusion. Nearly all premature and/or low-birth-weight children hospitalized at Essos Hospital Center had completed routine immunization at 9 months, and the majority had received the vaccines in a timely manner. Similar study is needed in rural area.
Social Attitudes of People Towards Adhering to Health Protocols to Prevent Covid-19 Infection

Background: The use of masks is effective in reducing the incidence of covid-19 and can reduce the risk of transmission of Covid-19 disease through carriers or those who have not yet been diagnosed with symptoms. In some societies, however, it is common culture that only sick people wear masks. In addition to the mask, the World Health Organization has proposed two alcohol-based formulations for hand hygiene and reducing the prevalence and contamination of coronavirus in health care, but why do people not follow the health protocols regularly and seriously, despite having enough information about the conditions and dangers of this virus?
Direct partial oxidation of methane over ZSM-5 catalyst : metals effects on higher hydrocarbon formation

Abstract The direct partial oxidation (DPO) of CH 4 with O 2 to higher hydrocarbons, and in particular C + 5 liquids, over metal-containing ZSM-5 catalysts is reported. At 960 psig, 4600 hr −1 GHSV, 7 vol% O 2 , and temperatures sufficient for 100% O 2 conversion (440-465°C), our studies with first row transition metals supported on ZSM-5 showed that Cu, Ni, and Zn oxides produced C + 5 liquids (Fe-ZSM-5 produced C 2 -C 4 hydrocarbons) without the need for a feed additive. Co-, Cr-, and Mn-ZSM-5 catalysts under the same conditions produced no higher hydrocarbons. It is believed that conversion of the CH 3 OH formed in the system to higher hydrocarbons over metal-containing ZSM-5 is made possible by two metal functions. Initial trace dehydrogenation of CH 4 (or of minute C + 2 feed components) to olefins provides initiation of the methanol-to-gasoline (MTG) reaction but survival of olefins in the system is a function of the olefin oxidation activity of the metal oxide. Further experimentation using Ga-, Pt-, and Ag-ZSM-5 catalysts was consistent with this hypothesis. Thus, metal-containing ZSM-5 catalysts can produce C + 5 liquids from CH 4 and O 2 if dehydrogenation and oxidation functions of the metal are in balance.
Bismuthene nanosheets produced by ionic liquid assisted grinding exfoliation and their use for oxygen reduction reaction

We report the simple synthesis of bismuthene nanosheets (BiNS) by ionic liquid assisted grinding exfoliation, followed by size selection sequential centrifugation steps for the first time. The exfoliation process results in the formation of self-assembled spherule-like superstructures with abundant edge sites, which are able to catalyze the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) via a two-electron pathway, with a higher efficiency than the bulk Bismuth. We rationalize the enhanced ORR activity of the BiNS to: (i) the presence of 1 dimensional topological edge states, which provide strong conduction channels for electron hopping between the bismuth layers and (ii) the more active role of edge sites in facilitating O2 adsorption and dissociation of O–O bonds compared to the basal plane. The present study provides a pathway for employing 2D topological insulators as a new class of electrocatalysts for clean energy applications.
Drying Kinetics and Allicin Potential in Garlic Slices during Different Methods of Drying

Drying kinetics of garlic cloves was investigated by drying 5 mm thick slices in air, vacuum, and nitrogen atmosphere. The drying coefficient and lag factor were estimated from the slope and intercept of the moisture ratio time plot based on a model by Dincer-Hussain. Both drying coefficient and lag factor increased with increasing drying temperature. The diffusivity estimated from the Fick's law of diffusion and Dincer-Hussain's model differed, because Fick's law assumes negligible external mass transfer, whereas Dincer-Hussain's model considers both internal and external mass transfer resistance. Allicin, which is rapidly produced by the action of alliinase on alliin when fresh tissue is crushed, is the main biologically active phytochemical of garlic. Air drying at 50°C, vacuum drying at 50 and 60°C, nitrogen atmosphere drying at 40°C gave lowest losses of allicin potential. In general, the loss of allicin potential increased with increasing drying temperature, and drying below 50°C should be the best drying condition for the retention of allicin potential. This could be due to higher retention of alliinase activity during lower temperature drying. The loss of allicin potential decreased with the increase of slice thickness. This may be explained by lower structural damage and by lower shrinkage in the case of thicker slices.
Treeing Phenomena in Epoxy/Alumina Nanocomposite and Interpretation by a Multi-core Model

Epoxy/alumina nanocomposites were prepared in laboratory to be shaped into specimens suitable for treeing experiments. It was elucidated that treeing breakdown strength would increase, if epoxy resins were nanostructured with nano-fillers such as nano boehmite alumina fillers with their loading from 5 to 10 wt%. Tree initiation time is prolonged, as the filler content increases. Tree morphology is different between base resin and its nanocomposite specimens. A new crossover phenomenon is recognized, i.e. thin channels extend more quickly to reach the opposite electrode in nanocomposites than in pure epoxy above ac 20 kV (1000 kV/mm in the tip of the needle), while they show slower growth in nanocomposites than in pure epoxy below ac 15 kV (750 kV/mm). It should be noted that the reach of such thin channels to the grounds does not mean breakdown, but such formed trees grow in width at later stage to cause final breakdown. Treeing phenomena obtained are analyzed and interpreted by a multi-core model to cover various findings of treeing phenomena in nanocomposites.
KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDE AND PRACTICE OF KANGAROO MOTHER CARE AMONG POSTNATAL MOTHERS IN A TERTIARY CARE CENTRE OF HARARI REGION, HARAR, ETHIOPIA

Background: Kangaroo Mother Care (KMC) is a method was invented by Dr. Rey in 1978 and developed by Dr. Martinez and Dr. Navarrete until 1994. It is holding a small nappy neonate in skin to skin contact, prone and upright on the maternal chest. At first it was developed to alleviate overcrowding, and insufficient resources in neonatal intensive care units. But today it is formally approved by WHO. Objective: The aim of this study was to assess knowledge, attitude and practice of Kangaroo mother care among postnatal mothers in a tertiary care center of Harari region, Harar, Ethiopia, 2020. Method: An institution based cross-sectional study method was conducted in Hiwot-Fana Specialized Referral Hospital in Harar town. Sample size was calculated by using single population proportion sample formula and the final sample size was 166. The study subject was selected by using consecutive sampling method, and adopted data collection tool was used. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 20. Descriptive analyses were performed and bivariate analyses were used to find out the association of independent variables. Results: There was 82.53% of mothers had good knowledge, 82.53% had positive attitude towards KMC, 32.12% practiced KMC correctly. The participants also reported the benefits of KMC, such as protection from infection, warmth to the baby, exclusive breast feeding, weight gain and growth, early discharge from hospital, safety and love. Conclusion: The finding of this study showed that there was a clear gap in knowledge and practice. Therefore, it is very important to have health education sessions during ANC follow-up on KMC. A qualitative research to explore temporal relationship is also recommended.
A new method to measure general birefringence in crystals

The scattering properties of an anisotropic solid for polarized light allow the observation and the measurement of linear, circular and elliptic birefringence. A general analysis of the phenomenon for any kind of birefringence and any state of polarization of the incident light vibration is given. Scattering by particles with size a [formula omitted] λ (Rayleigh limit) or a ≈ λ is considered. It follows from the theory that the scattering-center distribution is equivalent to a quasi-continuous array of analyzers providing a simultaneous analyzation of the transmitted beam along its whole path in the (in general elliptically) birefringent medium. A new technique based on surface scattering is described. It allows visual observations to be made on very perfect (hence weakly scattering) crystals with low-power light sources and without being forced to achieve complete darkness in the surroundings of the sample. The method of surface scattering is especially adequate for precision measurements; it is thoroughly tested with the elliptic birefringence of quartz. Both methods of surface and bulk scattering are applied to various kinds of birefringence in single crystals of Eu2SiO4 and EuTe.
The LOB Recreation Model: Predicting the Limit Order Book from TAQ History Using an Ordinary Differential Equation Recurrent Neural Network

In an order-driven financial market, the price of a financial asset is discovered through the interaction of orders - requests to buy or sell at a particular price - that are posted to the public limit order book (LOB). Therefore, LOB data is extremely valuable for modelling market dynamics. However, LOB data is not freely accessible, which poses a challenge to market participants and researchers wishing to exploit this information. Fortunately, trades and quotes (TAQ) data - orders arriving at the top of the LOB, and trades executing in the market - are more readily available. In this paper, we present the LOB recreation model, a first attempt from a deep learning perspective to recreate the top five price levels of the LOB for small-tick stocks using only TAQ data. Volumes of orders sitting deep in the LOB are predicted by combining outputs from: (1) a history compiler that uses a Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU) module to selectively compile prediction relevant quote history; (2) a market events simulator, which uses an Ordinary Differential Equation Recurrent Neural Network (ODE-RNN) to simulate the accumulation of net order arrivals; and (3) a weighting scheme to adaptively combine the predictions generated by (1) and (2). By the paradigm of transfer learning, the core encoder trained on one stock can be fine-tuned to enable application to other financial assets of the same class with much lower demand on additional data. Comprehensive experiments conducted on two real world intraday LOB datasets demonstrate that the proposed model can efficiently recreate the LOB with high accuracy using only TAQ data as input.
Determinants of Corporate Reputation: A Study of Consumers’ Perspective of Malaysian Aviation Company

This study examined the predicting factors of selected facets of RepTrakTM reputation model (products/services, innovation, citizenship, leadership, performance) and corporate reputation of Malaysia Airlines Berhad, from consumers’ perspective. Utilizing the Fombrun’s (2006) RepTrakTM reputation model, this model served as a guide to the study. Survey questionnaires were used to gather the data, in which the researchers distributed the questionnaires online and in-person to the Malaysia Airlines consumers who had prior encounters with the airline company. A 173 valid responses were yielded as the results. The collected data was then analysed through Pearson’s Product-Moment Correlation and Multiple Regression using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 24.0. The findings of the Pearson’s product-moment correlation analysis showed that the associations between product and services, innovation, citizenship, performance, and corporate reputation have a significantly positive moderate relationship. Meanwhile, the correlations between leadership and corporate reputation have a significantly positive high relationship. In addition, multiple regression analysis revealed that products/services, innovation, citizenship, leadership, and performance were the significant predicting variables, which explained 71.9 % of the variance of corporate reputation. Conclusion, limitations, suggestions, and implications of this study were discussed.
An approach to the chemistry of pyroxenes formed during the firing of Ca-rich silicate ceramics

Abstract Carbonate-bearing ceramic bodies are frequently used in the manufacture of bricks, roofing tiles, wall and floor tiles, pottery and tableware. During the firing of these bodies, clinopyroxene is usually formed in very small crystals, 1-5 μm in diameter or less. In the literature this phase is generally referred to as diopside, but no quantitative data are available. In order to chemically characterize these 'ceramic' pyroxenes, nine industrial products were analysed by XRF and XRD (bulk sample) and SEM-EDS (fracture surface). Quantitative ZAF analyses of pyroxene crystals showed a certain chemical variability: SiO2 35-50%, Al2O3 9-20%, Fe2O3 1-15%, MgO 3-14%, and CaO 16-25%. Sodium, K and Ti are always <1%, while ferrous iron is always <0.2% in the bulk sample. Overall, 'ceramic' clinopyroxenes present wide chemical analogies with 'fassaite', e.g. the abundance of aluminium and ferric iron, and the excess of wollastonite molecules with respect to the diopside-hedenbergite series.
Keeping Dairy Cows for Longer: A Critical Literature Review on Dairy Cow Longevity in High Milk-Producing Countries

Simple Summary The ability of farms to produce milk sustainably is closely related to dairy cow longevity, i.e., the length of productive life. However, longevity is a very complex feature that depends on all the aspects of the lifespan of a cow and there is no standard definition nor metric to measure it. Measuring longevity is important because it influences the profitability and the environmental impact of farms as well as the welfare of the animals. The objectives of this paper were to review metrics used to measure longevity and describe its status among high milk-producing countries. Increasing dairy cow longevity would imply that an animal has an early age at first calving and a long and profitable productive life. Combining age at first calving, length of productive life, and margin over all (available) costs provides a complete evaluation of longevity. This paper also shows that dairy cow longevity has decreased in most high milk-producing countries over time, which confirm the concerns voiced by the dairy industry and other stakeholders. Increasing cow longevity would reduce health costs and increase cow profitability while improving both animal welfare and quality of life, contributing to a more sustainable dairy industry. Abstract The ability of dairy farmers to keep their cows for longer could positively enhance the economic performance of the farms, reduce the environmental footprint of the milk industry, and overall help in justifying a sustainable use of animals for food production. However, there is little published on the current status of cow longevity and we hypothesized that a reason may be a lack of standardization and an over narrow focus of the longevity measure itself. The objectives of this critical literature review were: (1) to review metrics used to measure dairy cow longevity; (2) to describe the status of longevity in high milk-producing countries. Current metrics are limited to either the length of time the animal remains in the herd or if it is alive at a given time. To overcome such a limitation, dairy cow longevity should be defined as an animal having an early age at first calving and a long productive life spent in profitable milk production. Combining age at first calving, length of productive life, and margin over all costs would provide a more comprehensive evaluation of longevity by covering both early life conditions and the length of time the animal remains in the herd once it starts to contribute to the farm revenues, as well as the overall animal health and quality of life. This review confirms that dairy cow longevity has decreased in most high milk-producing countries over time and its relationship with milk yield is not straight forward. Increasing cow longevity by reducing involuntary culling would cut health costs, increase cow lifetime profitability, improve animal welfare, and could contribute towards a more sustainable dairy industry while optimizing dairy farmers’ efficiency in the overall use of resources available.
First-Principles Study of Structural, Electronic and Thermoelectric Properties of Ni-Doped Bi2Se3

Direct conversion of waste heat to electrical energy could address present energy challenges. Bi2Se3 is one of few thermoelectric materials known to operate at room temperature. Comprehensive analysis using density functional theory was conducted to explore the effect of nickel doping on structural, electronic, and thermoelectric properties of Bi2Se3. Local density approximation (LDA) was used with an addition of spin-orbit coupling (SOC) and van der Waals interaction scheme consideration. Analysis of the effect of SOC was elaborated. It was found that nickel has changed the crystal structure of Bi2Se3. Nickel has also changed band structure and density of state that alter the thermoelectric performance. The decreased band gap has decreased the thermopower. However, it gives advantages to the improvement of electrical conductivity. Higher electrical conductivity has risen thermal conductivity. Despite the decreased thermopower and increased thermal conductivity, the higher electrical conductivity has improved the overall thermoelectric performance of Bi2Se3 when nickel is introduced.
Putting Performance Pay to the Test: Effects of Denver ProComp on the Teacher Workforce and Student Outcomes

Context In 2005-06, Denver became one of the first U.S. districts to implement a pay-for-performance (PFP) compensation system, and Denver's ProComp is now the longest-running PFP policy in the country. The national proliferation of PFP systems in education has been controversial, with mixed evidence and competing narratives about its impacts. During Denver's 2019 strike, disagreements arose about whether 13 years of ProComp have helped or harmed efforts to retain effective teachers to improve student outcomes. This article addresses this policy debate. Research Questions We use a 16-year panel to analyze the effects of ProComp on both student and teacher outcomes. We focus on the onset of the second version of the policy, ProComp 2.0, in 2008. Intervention The ProComp policy is a pay-for-performance teacher compensation system, which includes ten distinct financial incentives, some of which are awarded schoolwide. Annual payouts represented 12% of base-pay, on average, among full-time teachers. Research Design We use comparative interrupted time series (CITS) to examine pre/post ProComp trends in outcomes in DPS relative to similar districts across the same period. When CITS is not possible, we conduct interrupted time series (ITS) analysis in DPS using a panel up to five years pre-PC1 and up to ten years post-onset. Results ProComp may have had a positive effect on ELA, math, and writing achievement that was not evident in comparable districts with similar achievement trends prior to 2005-06. We also find descriptive evidence that more effective teachers were recruited to DPS once ProComp began and that the overall decline in teacher retention across districts in this time period was less precipitous among DPS’ highly effective teachers during ProComp. Conclusions Our results can help reflect on which of the hypothesized mechanisms undergirding PFP policies find empirical support in the field. The onset of ProComp shifted the composition of the DPS teacher workforce through recruitment and retention of certain kinds of teachers. These results at first appear to contradict teacher perceptions that the program coincided with a dramatic decline in teacher retention and was thus ineffective. However, retention did, in fact, decline throughout the period. Yet DPS retention patterns were not that different from other comparable Colorado districts during this period. Thus, while teachers’ perceptions of reduced teacher retention were accurate, it would be very difficult to see from within DPS that retention rates were not necessarily distinct from secular trends outside DPS.