Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Survey: Crime Prediction using Machine Learning Approach

The presented studies have proven that machine learning algorithms The field of machine learning (ML) is expanding as more people realize how important it can be in a variety of crucial applications, including data mining, natural language processing, picture recognition, and expert systems. As it is well known that ML offers possible answers in all these domains and more, it is destined to be one of the pillars of our future civilization. This article presents an outline of the function of machine learning in prediction. algorithms have excelled in solving prediction and classification problems. Below We highlight the machine learning algorithms and techniques used in predicting crimes in particular, and the accuracy of the results obtained by each study or research. We see the challenges faced by a study or researcher who used machine learning algorithms and we hope with this paper, providing the researcher, in particular, with information covering the most important studies or research presented during the past five years to abbreviate the time of the researcher, and in the interest of his effort.
Impact of the Northern Hemisphere extratropics on the skill in predicting the Madden Julian Oscillation

Using a series of relaxation hindcast experiments, this paper shows that the northern extratropics have a significant impact on the skill of the ECMWF forecast system in predicting the Madden Julian Oscillation (MJO) during boreal winter. The westerly wind burst associated with the March 1997 MJO event is a high‐profile example of an event that was influenced by extratropical circulation anomalies. The propagation speed of MJO events is overall improved when the northern extratropics are relaxed towards analysis fields. Additional experiments in which the relaxation is confined to different areas of the Northern Hemisphere extratropics suggest that it is atmospheric circulation anomalies in the North Pacific region which most strongly affect the skill in predicting the MJO.
Effect of Biobased Cling Films on Cheese Quality: Color and Aroma Analysis for Sustainable Food Packaging

Biobased and biodegradable polymeric materials are a sustainable alternative to the conventional plastics used in food packaging. This study investigated the possible effect of biobased cling films derived from renewable and circular and sustainable sources on key cheese sensory parameters (appearance and odor) able to influence consumer acceptance or rejection of a food product over time. For this purpose, a semi-hard cheese was selected as food model and stored for 14 days at 5 °C wrapped with five cling films: two bio-plastic materials from renewable circular and sustainable sources (R-BP1 and R-BP2), one bio-plastic film from a non-renewable source (NR-BP), and two conventional cling films (LDPE and PVC). Three analytical approaches (image analysis, electronic nose, and sensory test) were applied to evaluate the variation and the acceptability in terms of appearance and odor of the cheese. In preserving cheese color, the R-BP1 and RBP2 films were comparable to LDPE film, while NR-BP film was comparable to PVC film. In terms of odor preservation, R-BP2 film was comparable to LDPE and PVC. The consumer test showed that appearance and odor scores were higher for cheeses stored in R-BP1 and R-BP2 films than NR-BP film. Moreover, in terms of odor, R-BP1 film performed better than conventional films. This study shows how biodegradable cling films from renewable circular and sustainable resources could have comparable performance to conventional plastics (LDPE and PVC) used in the food sector.
Diaphragm Fatigue in SMNΔ7 Mice and Its Molecular Determinants: An Underestimated Issue

Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a genetic disorder characterized by the loss of spinal motor neurons leading to muscle weakness and respiratory failure. Mitochondrial dysfunctions are found in the skeletal muscle of patients with SMA. For obvious ethical reasons, the diaphragm muscle is poorly studied, notwithstanding the very important role that respiratory involvement plays in SMA mortality. The main goal of this study was to investigate diaphragm functionality and the underlying molecular adaptations in SMNΔ7 mice, a mouse model that exhibits symptoms similar to that of patients with intermediate type II SMA. Functional, biochemical, and molecular analyses on isolated diaphragm were performed. The obtained results suggest the presence of an intrinsic energetic imbalance associated with mitochondrial dysfunction and a significant accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). In turn, ROS accumulation can affect muscle fatigue, cause diaphragm wasting, and, in the long run, respiratory failure in SMNΔ7 mice. Exposure to the antioxidant molecule ergothioneine leads to the functional recovery of the diaphragm, confirming the presence of mitochondrial impairment and redox imbalance. These findings suggest the possibility of carrying out a dietary supplementation in SMNΔ7 mice to preserve their diaphragm function and increase their lifespan.
The 2003 December 26 Bam earthquake (Iran), Mw 6.6, aftershock sequence

SUMMARY From 2003 December 29 to 2004 January 30, a dense seismological network of 23 stations was installed in the epicentral area of the 2003 December 26 Bam earthquake to study the aftershock seismicity. We select the 331 earthquakes recorded at a minimum of 10 stations, with rms less than 0.1 s and uncertainties less than 1 km, to infer the precise geometry of the seismicity in the fault region. We also process the data with the Double Difference technique to confirm the results. The aftershock cluster is 25 km long, trends north–south, and is located 5 km west of the Bam-Baravat escarpment, exactly beneath the observed surface breaks. At depth, aftershocks are concentrated between 6 and 20 km, beneath the upper layer of relatively low velocity that experienced the maximum slip, and they dip slightly westward. The southernmost part of the aftershock cluster is narrow and defines the rupture zone that is likely the Bam-Baravat fault at depth. However, it is unlikely that it is connected at surface to the Bam-Baravat escarpment but more likely to the co-seismic ruptures south of Bam. On the contrary, the distribution of the northernmost aftershocks spread into a more complex pattern, which is consistent with a northward propagation of the rupture along the fault plane. The focal mechanisms are consistent with right-lateral strike-slip faulting on N–S trending faults, parallel to the Bam-Baravat escarpment.
Green Roof Mitigation of Stormwater and Energy Usage

With growing urbanization comes increased impervious areas and decreased open land for stormwater BMPs. Urbanization also increases stormwater runoff volumes and peak flow rates while decreasing infiltration and evapotranspiration. Green roofs, sometimes called vegetated roofs or eco-roofs, consist of layers of specially designed and selected materials combined with shallow-rooted living plants to form a biological system that has the potential to mitigate stormwater and decrease the heating and cooling load within structures. A research effort at Penn State has concentrated on quantifying the stormwater retention and detention capabilities of a specific green-roof system, and quantifying the energy used to maintain an indoor temperature of 21°C. The green-roof system studied consists of a conventional flat roof covering, a 13-mm thick Enka drainage layer, 89mm of porous medium, 25mm of Porous Expanded Polypropylene (PEPP), and Sedum spurium planted 76mm on center. The study was conducted in two parts. The water retention capability of each roof layer was characterized in the laboratory for roof slopes of 0:12, 0.5:12, and 1:12. At each slope and for each layer water was applied to saturate the various layers and then the roof system was allowed to drain by gravity. Laboratory data shows maximum detention to be 30mm and maximum retention to be 34mm. The field study was conducted at the Russell E. Larson Agricultural Research Center at Rock Springs, Pennsylvania. Rainfall, runoff, temperature, and energy data were collected, which consisted of three replications of the experimental green roof system, at 1:12 slope, and a control. Data were collected intermittently between June 2002 and March 2003. The runoff data collected at the field site were correlated to the laboratory data. Field data showed an average 40% reduction in runoff from the green-roofed buildings. Temperature differences between green and control roofs at the roof surface ranged from 12oC in the winter to over 40oC in the summer. Differences in energy usage were observed in the summer months at a daily level, but not at the monthly level. No energy usage differences were observed in the winter months.
High correlation between winter precipitation and air temperature in heavy-snowfall areas in Japan

Abstract Long-term data of winter air temperature and precipitation were analyzed and the correlation between them investigated in order to identify the factors influencing snow reduction during the recent warmer winters in the heavy-snowfall areas in Japan. A high negative correlation between winter precipitation and air temperature was identified in the heavy-snowfall areas on the Sea of Japan side in the center of the main island (Honshu). It was confirmed that precipitation is mainly caused by cold winter monsoons, and thus correlates to a large extent with air temperature in these areas. The precipitation decrease can be considered an effective factor for the recent reduction in snow as well as the snowfall to precipitation ratio. This should be taken into account for a better prediction of snow reduction in relation to global warming.
Recent upward shift of the deep convection system in the Japan Sea, as inferred from the geochemical tracers tritium, oxygen, and nutrients

The thermohaline circulation system in the Japan Sea, an almost land‐locked marginal sea in the northwest Pacific, is now in a transition state. Comparison of vertical profiles of tritium, oxygen and nutrients between 1984 and 1998 demonstrates the following two points: (1) the supply of dense surface seawater to the bottom layer (>2,500 m in depth) has almost ceased since 1984, and (2) the intrusion of surface seawater to an intermediate depth range (between ∼700 m and ∼2,000 m in depth) has been reinforced during this 14‐year period. Such transitional upward shift of the thermohaline conveyor belt in the Japan Sea is thought to have separeted the bottom water from the conveyor belt and brought about a stagnant mode of the bottom water.
Effect of electric fields on the daytime high-latitude E and F regions

We have obtained solutions of the coupled continuity, momentum, and energy equations for NO+, O2+, and O+ ions for conditions appropriate to the daytime high-latitude E and F regions. Owing to the rapid increase of the reaction O+ + N2 → NO+ + N with ion energy, high-latitude electric fields and consequent E⊥ × B drifts deplete O+ in favor of NO+. For electric field strengths less than about 10 mV m−1 the depletion of O+ is small, and the altitude profiles of ion density are similar to those found at mid-latitudes. However, for moderate electric field strengths (∼50 mV m−1), NO+ is substantially increased in relation to O+ and becomes an important ion throughout the F region. For these conditions the electron density has a tendency to become nearly constant with altitude in the range 160–360 km. For large electric fields (∼200 mV m−1), NO+ completely dominates the ion composition to at least 600 km, decreasing at high altitudes with a diffusive equilibrium scale height. Since the overall F region electron density decreases markedly with increasing electric field strength, it appears that high-latitude, daytime electron density troughs are directly related to the presence of ionospheric electric fields. In addition, since increases in the N2 density or the N2 vibrational temperature also affect ion composition and electron densities in a manner similar to that of electric fields, the observed daytime troughs may arise from both processes acting simultaneously.
Using a Web-based Resource to Prepare Students for Fieldwork: Evaluating the Dark Peak Virtual Tour

This paper reports on development of a Dark Peak website and its use to prepare first-year geography students for a one-day physical geography field course in the south Pennines. The Virtual Tour (VT) component of the website is the main focus of this paper. Pre- and post-fieldwork evaluations of the first version of the VT by 195 students are presented with the revisions undertaken as a result of this feedback. Recommendations for the design and implementation of virtual fieldwork websites are made. The current version is available at http://www.art.man.ac. uk/Geog/fieldwork/
CHROMITITES OF THE URALS (PART 1): OVERVIEWOF CHROMITE MINERAL CHEMISTRY AND GEO-TECTONIC SETTING

Published and unpublished compositions of chromite in 333 chromitite samples from 14 ultramafic complexes of the Urals are overviewed. The chromitites occur in the mantle unit and/or the supra-Moho cumulate sequence of ophiolite complexes, as well as in Alaskan-type intrusions. They vary in size from giant ore deposits associated with ophiolites (e.g., Kempirsai, Ray-Iz, Voykar-Syninsky) to sub-economic mineralization in the Alaskan-type complexes (e.g., Svetly Bor, Kachkanar). Mantle-hosted chromitites occur either as discordant, podiform, high-Cr ore bodies and sub-concordant elongated lenses of high-Al chromite. In the supra-Moho sequences of ophiolites, chromitite is mainly of the high-Al variety, and occurs as concordant layers alternated with peridotite and pyroxenite cumulates. In the Alaskan-type intrusions of the Urals, chromitite occurs as centimeter to meter-size pods and lenses having syngenetic or epigenetic relationship with the host dunite. Calculated melt compositions in equilibrium with chromite and comparison of chromite composition with those from various volcanic suites, and chromitites from different plutonic complexes, allow division of the Urals chromitites into four different compositional groups, corresponding to different geodynamic environments of formation: 1) The high-Al, low-Ti suite (Al 2 O 3 > 20 wt%, Cr# 20 wt%, Cr# 0.70, Al 2 O 3 0.70, Al 2 O 3 < 20 wt%, TiO 2 = 0.38-1.30 wt%, Fe 3+ # = 0.20-1.29, δ logf(O 2 ) = +0.9 ÷ +5.9) is represented by chromitites from the Urals Alaskan-type intrusions and the East-Khabarny complex. They have crystallized from Fe-rich magma (av. FeO/MgO = 1.35) under oxygen- fugacity conditions well above the FMQ buffer. The melt is characterized by high-Ti, high-K, calc-alkaline composition, having many geochemical characteristics in common with ankaramites. It was generated by partial melting of a fluid-metasomatized mantle source, in a subduction-influenced arc setting. However, the close similarity with the zoned complexes emplaced in the Russian-Far-East craton suggests that formation of Alaskan-type melts may be not restricted to SSZ, island arc settings.
Impact of El Niño / Southern Oscillation on Low-flows in South Georgia, USA

We investigated the impact of El Niño and La Niña climate patterns on the low flows of seven streams in south Georgia. Four stations were located in heavily irrigated areas of southwestern Georgia, whereas three other stations were located in areas of southeastern Georgia with virtually no agriculture. El Niño (La Niña) climate patterns were defined when the 5-month averaged sea surface temperature anomalies recorded by the Japanese Meteorological Association (JMA) are greater than +0.5°C (lower than −0.5°C) for at least six consecutive months, including the October to December period. With the standard JMA approach, an episode lasts from October to the following September. We also investigated the impacts of a modification to this classical method. In the modified method, an ENSO phase only lasts as long as the temperature conditions (± 0.5°C) are met. For the three southeastern stations, low flows recorded during La Niña (El Niño) episodes were usually lower (larger) than the low flows recorded during Neutral episodes from November to April, with differences significant at a level of at least 90 percent from February to April (January to March) only. The four southwestern stations responded similarly, but the significance of the differences was usually lower than for the southeastern stations. The modified classification method tended to give more significant results than the standard method.
The first spinicaudatan (Crustacea: Diplostraca) from Permo-Triassic continental sequences of South America and its palaeoecological context

Tassi, L.V. , Monti, M. , Gallego, O.F. , Zavattieri, A.M. & Lara, M.B. , 2013. The first spinicaudatan (Crustacea:Diplostraca) from Permo-Triassic continental sequences in South America and its palaeoecological context. Alcheringa 37, 187–199. ISSN 0311-5518. Cornia martinsnetoi sp. nov., the first spinicaudatan from Permian–Triassic continental sequences of southern South America, is described. The new species has characters diagnostic of the typical late Palaeozoic–Early Triassic subfamily Vertexiinae from Gondwana. This new taxon was found in tuffaceous siltstones in the upper part of the Quebrada de los Fósiles Formation (Puesto Viejo Group), which may span the Permo-Triassic boundary in Argentina. The lower and coarser-grained interval of the Quebrada de los Fósiles Formation was deposited in distal alluvial fans and low- to high-sinuosity rivers. The upper fine-grained interval of this formation, which hosts the spinicaudatans and associated fossils (ostracods, megaspores, fish scales), was deposited in shallow floodplain lakes. Intense volcanic activity influenced the sedimentary evolution of this succession and was accompanied by aridification and some climatic seasonality that likely generated stressful conditions for the biota. Previous biostratigraphic studies support an Early Triassic age for the beds containing Cornia martinsnetoi sp. nov. [Lara Vaz Tassi [larinhatassi@hotmail]com], Área Paleontología (Centro de Ecología Aplicada del Litoral—Centro Científico Tecnológico Nordeste—Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas), Casilla de Correo 128, 3400 Corrientes, Argentina; Mariana Monti [marimontivaldes@yahoo.com. ar], Departamento de Geología, Museo de Historia Natural de San Rafael—Parque Mariano Moreno s/n°, 5600 San Rafael, Mendoza, Argentina; Oscar Florencio Gallego [ofgallego@live.com. ar], Micropaleontología (Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales y Agrimensura—Universidad Nacional del Nordeste), Corrientes, Argentina and Área Paleontología (Centro de Ecología Aplicada del Litoral—Centro Científico Tecnológico Nordeste—Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas), Casilla de Correo 128, 3400 Corrientes, Argentina; Ana María Zavattieri [amz@mendoza-conicet.gov. ar], Laboratorio de Paleopalinología (Instituto Argentino de Nivología y Glaciología y Ciencias Ambientales—Centro Científico Tecnológico—Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas), Casilla de Correo 131, 5500 Mendoza, Argentina; Maria Belén Lara [lara.maria. belen@live.com. ar], Área Paleontología (Centro de Ecología Aplicada del Litoral—Centro Científico Tecnológico Nordeste—Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas), Casilla de Correo 128, 3400 Corrientes, Argentina. Received 3.5. 2012; revised 22.8. 2012; accepted 11.9. 2012.
Diagnostic value of repeated comprehensive investigation with CT urography and cystoscopy for recurrent macroscopic haematuria

Abstract Objectives To perform a descriptive analysis of a series of patients with recurrent macroscopic haematuria after a primary standard evaluation including computed tomography urography (CTU) and cystoscopy negative for urinary bladder cancer (UBC) and upper tract urothelial cancer (UTUC) and to identify potential factors associated with occurrence of recurrent macroscopic haematuria. Methods All patients older than 50 years who underwent urological investigation for macroscopic haematuria with both cystoscopy and CTU 2015–2017 were retrospectively reviewed. A descriptive analysis of the primary and later investigations for recurrent macroscopic haematuria was performed. To investigate the association between explanatory variables and the occurrence of recurrent macroscopic haematuria, a Poisson regression analysis was performed. Results A total of 1395 eligible individuals with primary standard investigation negative for UBC and UTUC were included. During a median follow‐up of 6.2 (IQR 5.3–7) years, 248 (18%) patients had recurrent macroscopic haematuria, of whom six patients were diagnosed with UBC, two with prostate cancer, one with renal cell carcinoma and one had a suspected UTUC at the repeated investigation. Within 3 years, 148 patients (11%) experienced recurrent macroscopic haematuria, of whom two patients were diagnosed with low‐grade UBC (TaG1–2), one with T2G3 UBC and one with low‐risk prostate cancer. The presence of an indwelling catheter, use of antithrombotic medication, pathological findings at CTU or cystoscopy or history of pelvic radiotherapy were all statistically significant independent predictors for increased risk for recurrent macroscopic haematuria. Conclusion In the case of recurrent macroscopic haematuria within 3 years of primary standard evaluation for urinary tract cancer, there was a low risk of later urological malignancies in patients initially negative for UBC and UTUC. Therefore, waiting 3 years before conducting another complete investigation in cases of recurrent macroscopic haematuria might be appropriate.
E-government service quality, perceived value, satisfaction, and loyalty: evidence from a newly emerging country

Abstract This study examines the relationships between e-government service quality, perceived value, satisfaction, and loyalty toward e-government services. Survey data were collected from 340 randomly selected e-government service users in Vietnam. The results reveal that (1) e-government service quality consists of five dimensions: ease of interaction, fulfillment, citizen care, security and privacy, and trustworthiness; (2) among the five dimensions of e-government service quality, only trustworthiness and fulfillment are significantly related to perceived value; however, trustworthiness has a stronger association with perceived value than does fulfillment; and (3) both perceived value and satisfaction are positively associated with loyalty. The results indicate that the e-government can create value for the citizens by improving service quality, which may help satisfy citizens’ needs and build their loyalty.
Variations de l’âge des sédiments calcaires et « Culm » carbonifère dans la chaîne varisque du Sud de la France : migration de l’orogenèse varisque

ResumeDans le Sud de la France et les Pyrenees espagnoles, les calcaires sous-jacents aux roches detritiques du Culm carbonifere ont fait l’objet d’une datation systematique par conodontes. Il en ressort que le depot de ces niveaux carbonates s’est poursuivi de plus en plus tardivement de l’Est vers l’Ouest : du Viseen inferieur (V3b) en Montagne Noire, au Namurien superieur (G2) en Pays basque.Les roches detritiques a caractere flyschoide du Culm remanient, localement, des elements de calcaire de plate-forme. La datation de ces elements par foraminiferes, algues, pseudo-algues et vegetaux superieurs montre qu’ils sont de plus en plus recents d’Est en Ouest : leur âge s’echelonne du Viseen 3bp-Namurien A en Montagne Noire, au Westphalien C (Kachirien) au Pays basque (Massif des Cinco-Villas). Ces divers resultats montrent que les manifestations tectoniques, responsables des premiers epandages detritiques du Culm puis de la resedimentation des calcaires de plate-forme dans le bassin, ont commence de plus en.