Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Computation of the Percentage Risk Levels of Radioisotopes of 226 RA , 232 TH , And 40 K in Hydrocarbon Degraded Soil Environment

ABSTRACT:Computation of the percentage Risk contributions of the radioisotopesRa, Th, and K in typical hydrocarbon degraded oil field environment was conducted using Pearson excel sheet correlation coefficients. The plot of the average radium equivalent (Raeq) activity in fields 1,2,3,4, and 5 versus average activity concentration of radium226, thorium-232 and potassium-40 produced correlation coefficients of [0.2066, 0.8346, 0.8482], [0.8001, 0.7907, 0.5281], [0.6151, 0.0494, 0.2019], 0.7068, 0.3909, 0.0630], [0.7643, 0.3432, 0.0243] respectively. The percentage risk contributions of Ra in Fields 1,2,3,4 and 5 are 11%, 38%, 71%, 61%, and 57% respectively. The percentage risk contributions of Th in Fields 1,2,3,4 and 5 are 44%, 37%, 6%, 34%, and 25% respectively. Similarly the percentage risk contributions of K in Fields 1,2,3,4 and 5 are 45%, 25%, 23%, 5%, and 18% respectively. The study revealed that Ra has high percentage contributions in three out of the five oil spilled sites, and was low in Field 1. Erection of post signs is therefore recommended as a warning to deter people from farming on the affected soil or bathing in a nearby stream where the crude oil may have flowed into.
Patient's satisfaction with care in a government health facility in North East India: A cross-sectional study

Background: The study of patient satisfaction with care received is of paramount importance in the context of providing quality patient care services. Objectives: This study planned to assess the satisfaction and associated factors among in-patients attending a tertiary care government health facility. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among all eligible in-patients of a government health care facility in North East India during March and April 2015 using a semi-structured questionnaire assessing seven domains related to patient care services. Descriptive statistics such as mean, standard deviation, percentiles, and percentages were generated and Chi-square test was applied to look for association between the level of satisfaction and other variables such as income, gender, age, and department admitted. Ethical approval was obtained from the Institutional Ethics Committee. Results: A total of 751 patients were interviewed with males constituting 275 (36.6%). Almost one-third 244 (32.5%) of the patients were highly satisfied with the overall care received. Patient education domain was unsatisfactory for 185 (24.6%) of the patients. Patients admitted to surgery and allied departments showed a significantly higher satisfaction level (P < 0.001) with care received than those admitted in other departments. Conclusion: Although the satisfaction level of physician and nursing care domains were high management needs to improve on the comfort and cleanliness of the wards and quality of food service to bring an overall improvement in the quality of care provided and to augment patients' loyalty.
Central venous catheterization in cancer patients with severe thrombocytopenia: Ultrasound-guide improves safety avoiding prophylactic platelet transfusion

Prior research has revealed that ultrasound (US) guided central venous catheterization (CVC) is associated with a reduction in the complication rate such as pneumothorax and an improved first-pass success placing CVC in the internal jugular vein. The present study investigated if US-guided CVC, in a subset of cancer patients with severe thrombocytopenia, reduced bleeding risk and avoided prophylactic platelet transfusion. The efficacy and safety of US-guided CVC placement in cancer patients with severe thrombocytopenia was retrospectively analyzed over a period of 9 years (Dec 2000-Jan 2009), 1,660 and 207 patients with cancer underwent US-guided CVC placement into internal jugular vein respectively at the Department of Onco-Haematology, Hospital of Piacenza. The first group of patients included patients in active antitumor treatment, while the second group included patients in the palliative phase. A total of 110 (5.89%) of these 1,867 patients exhibited severe thrombocytopenia defined as platelet count ≤20x109/l, and formed the basis of this study. All procedures were evaluated for bleeding complications as defined by the National Institute of Health Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE 3.0). In the subgroup of the 110 patients with severe thrombocytopenia a single needle puncture of the vein was employed in 121 of the 122 procedures (99.18%) and no attempt failures were registered. No pneumothorax, no major bleeding and no nerve and arterial puncture were reported, only one self-limiting hematoma (0.90%) at the site of CVC insertion was reported (CTCAE 3.0 grade 1). No platelet transfusions were performed in the 110 patients, pre and post CVC placement. We believe that US-guided CVC insertion procedures into the internal jugular vein makes the difference in safety, also in thrombocytopenic patients avoiding prophylactic or post procedure platelet transfusion.
Genetic Family Reconstruction Characterizes Lake Sturgeon Use of Newly Constructed Spawning Habitat and Larval Dispersal

Since 2004, seven spawning reefs have been constructed in the St. Clair–Detroit River system to remediate lost spawning habitat and increase recruitment of Lake Sturgeon Acipenser fulvescens. Assessment of management actions by collecting and enumerating eggs and larvae provided evidence of spawning Lake Sturgeon and survival of eggs until larval dispersal at constructed reef sites. However, the number of spawners contributing sampled offspring (Ns), effective number of breeders (Nb), and extent of larval dispersal was unknown. Genetic reconstruction of familial relationships assigned eggs and larvae (n= 725) collected in 2015 and 2016 to fulland half-sibling groups and estimated Ns, Nb, and genetic connectivity. We used a modified COLONY simulation module to simulate and convert 18 microsatellite loci (13 disomic and 5 polysomic) to 205 dominant present/absent markers to increase marker number and familial assignment accuracy in family reconstruction analysis. We assessed COLONY's ability to accurately infer familial relationships across small (n= 50), moderate (n= 125), and large (n= 750) larval sample sizes using two assumed allele frequency distributions for polysomic loci. We found that with fewer offspring sampled, COLONY underestimated Ns and with large sample sizes overestimated Ns. However, estimates were usually within 12–16% of the simulated true Ns. Across reefs, estimates of Ns were 151 in 2015 and 208 in 2016, and Nb was similar (158 in 2015 and 198 in 2016). Evidence of fulland half-sibling larvae collected at multiple locations indicated that *Corresponding author: hunterr2@msu.edu Received November 4, 2019; accepted January 9, 2020 Transactions of the American Fisheries Society © 2020 American Fisheries Society ISSN: 0002-8487 print / 1548-8659 online DOI: 10.1002/tafs.10225
Study on Health Care Management Practices of Buffaloes in Murrah Tract of Haryana State

A field survey of randomly selected 250 buffalo farmers of Murrah tract of Haryana state revealed that most of the farmers (80.8 %) vaccinated their animals against the contagious diseases; only a few farmers (28.8 %) were adopting deworming of adult animals whereas majority (56.4%) of dairy farmers were deworming their calves only after infestation. Most of the farmers (99.2 %) did not adopt disinfection of animal shed whereas 15.2 per cent of farmers used disinfectant while bathing the animals. It was observed that isolation of sick animals was done by only 23.6 per cent of the farmers and ectoparasites control measures adopted by dairy farmers were different. It was found that 66.4 per cent farmers were following recommended dose and duration of medicine for their animals and 72.4 per cent of them trimmed the horns of their animals. Only 31.2 per cent respondents were not handling the aborted foetus and discharges with bare hands and 26.8 per cent were following the withholding period of medicine treated animal’s milk before consumption. Overall about 66.8 per cent farmers were having medium level of adoption. Caste, education, land holding and knowledge of healthcare practices had highly significant relationship with the adoption of health care practices. The perusal of the results revealed that most of the respondents (80.8%) vaccinated their buffaloes against the contagious diseases prevalent in the area. This was suggestive of fairly high level of awareness in farmers regarding protecting the animals by vaccination. These findings are well comparable with finding of Kumar (2015) who found that almost all the farmers were adopting vaccination against the contagious diseases. Further, out of total respondents who vaccinated the animals, about 61.39 per cent vaccinated all animal but 38.61 per cent didn’t vaccinate the lactating animal. The reason given by famers for not vaccinating milk animal was that vaccination of lactating animal will result in decrease in milk yield. So there is a need to educate the famers to break the myth that decrease in milk yield is not due to vaccine but it is due to stress felt by animal during vaccination.
A Comparative Study of LoRaWAN, SigFox, and NB-IoT for Smart Water Grid

Low Power Wide Area Networks (LPWAN) are becoming the powerful communication technologies of the IoT of tomorrow. LoRaWAN, SigFox, and NB-IoT are the three competing LPWAN technologies. On the other hand, Smart Water Grid (SWG) is an emerging paradigm that promises to over come issues such as pipes leaks encountered by current water infrastructure by deploying smart devices into the water infrastructure for monitoring purposes. This paper firstly explores the physical and communication features of the above LPWAN technologies and provides a comprehensive comparison between them as well as their suitability for the Smart Water Grid (SWG) use case. The important aspect of SWG is to connect devices such as smart water meters and other tiny devices like sensors installed into the water pipelines for the system monitoring purpose. We consider Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI) also called Smart Water Metering when dealing with the water grid, which is the main application of SWG and we study the scalability of LoRaWAN, NB-IoT, and SigFox in such application. Under NS3, the simulation results show that NB-IoT provides the best scalability compared to LoRaWAN and SigFox and thus is able to support a huge number of devices with a low packet error rate.
Mass Detection Using Piezoresistive Pressure Sensors to Optimize Range Prediction of Full Electric Buses

One approach to improve economic efficiency of trolleybuses in the so-called BOB Project in the German town of Solingen is to use them as mobile energy storages in a smart grid. To achieve this, reliable information on available energy is essential, which in turn needs to be derived from a precise range calculator. As will be shown in the paper, vehicle mass is a strong influencing factor, especially in urban traffic. Depending on passenger volume, the total mass and range of the bus varies by about 30 percent. Therefore, this paper presents a viable methodology to detect changes in payload using high precision tire pressure sensors.
Specific Contact Resistivity Improvement by As Preamorphization Implantation for Ti-Based Ohmic Contacts on n+-Si

As preamorphization implant (PAI) for Ti-based ohmic contacts on n<sup>+</sup>-Si is explored in this article. With As implantation at 3 keV/<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${5}\times {10}^{{13}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> cm<sup>−2</sup>, the specific contact resistivity (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\rho _{c}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) of TiSi<sub><italic>x</italic></sub> on <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${1.4}\times {10}^{{20}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> cm<sup>−3</sup> P-doped (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$N_{d}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) n<sup>+</sup>-Si is significantly reduced by ~33.8%, down to <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${\sim }{2.33}\times {10}^{-{8}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-cm<sup>−2</sup>. This <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\rho _{c}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> improvement is a result of manipulation between the reduction of effective Schottky barrier height to electrons (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\phi _{{{\text {bn},\text {eff}}}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) and the retardation of Ti silicidation, which are both strongly correlated with As segregation. In comparison with the widely adopted Ge PAI, As PAI shows superior performance for nMOS contact engineering, featuring with lower <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\rho _{c}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> and <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\phi _{{{\text {bn,eff}}}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> as well as better thermal stability.
Influence of Cavity Geometry on Partial Discharge Measurement at Very Low Frequency

As a promising alternative to conventional high voltage AC testing at PF (power frequency 50/60 Hz), VLF (very-low-frequency, typically 0.1 Hz) testing is nowadays used in practice. The increasing application of VLF testing for condition assessment of power apparatus necessitates understanding the partial discharge (PD) behaviors at this frequency. In this paper, the influence of cavity geometry on PD activities is investigated. A comparative experimental study is carried out with PF and VLF voltage excitations for different void structures (cylindrical, block, prism). Measurement results are presented with phase-resolved discharge patterns and integrated parameters such as average void discharge, repetition rates, etc. Under the same applied overstress relative to inception voltage, measurement results show that void discharges are strongly dependent on the cavity geometry as well as excitation frequency. With increasing cavity volume, PDs are more likely to occur and in particular, VLF excitation yields lower discharge magnitude, repetition rate and the phase range of occurrence.
PowerNet: Transferable Dynamic IR Drop Estimation via Maximum Convolutional Neural Network

IR drop is a fundamental constraint required by almost all chip designs. However, its evaluation usually takes a long time that hinders mitigation techniques for fixing its violations. In this work, we develop a fast dynamic IR drop estimation technique, named PowerNet, based on a convolutional neural network (CNN). It can handle both vector-based and vectorless IR analyses. Moreover, the proposed CNN model is general and transferable to different designs. This is in contrast to most existing machine learning (ML) approaches, where a model is applicable only to a specific design. Experimental results show that PowerNet outperforms the latest ML method by 9% in accuracy for the challenging case of vectorless IR drop and achieves a 30× speedup compared to an accurate IR drop commercial tool. Further, a mitigation tool guided by PowerNet reduces IR drop hotspots by 26% and 31% on two industrial designs, respectively, with very limited modification on their power grids.
p-Channel TFET Operation of Bilayer Structures With Type-II Heterotunneling Junction of Oxide- and Group-IV Semiconductors

We propose a p-channel bilayer TFET composed of an n-type oxide semiconductor (n-OS)/p-type group-IV semiconductor (p-IV) heterostructure, allowing us to realize both n- and p-channel TFET operations under the same device structure. Here, the p-IV side in the heterostructure has a metal–oxide–semiconductor (MOS) gate-stack that modulates the surface potential of the p-IV MOS interface and controls the band-to-band tunneling (BTBT) current under the p-TFET operation. Technology computer-aided design (TCAD) simulation predicts the p-TFET operation with symmetric electrical characteristics to the n-TFET operation. Moreover, we experimentally demonstrate the p-TFET operation of the n-ZnSnO/p-SiGe bilayer device, fabricated on a SiGe-on-insulator substrate, under Si back-gate operation. In addition, both n- and p-TFET operations are observed in an identical device by using the top- and back-gate electrodes.
A General Systems Theory Approach in Public Hearing Health: Lessons Learned From a Systematic Review of General Systems Theory in Healthcare

General Systems Theory (GST), as it was introduced by Karl Ludwig von Bertalannfy, had a significant, yet mostly unacknowledged influence on systems theory. The purpose of the current review is to highlight and assess the application of the aforementioned theory in the healthcare field and suggest a new approach to the public hearing healthcare sector. A systematic literature review has been conducted in the electronic databases of ScienceDirect, Pubmed and IEEEXplore covering the years of 2009-2019, following the PRISMA guidelines. The article selection was performed to identify GST-related frameworks in the healthcare field and was completed through a process of removing duplicates and non-available articles, analyzing the tittle and abstract, and then reviewing the full text of each selected article. In the final analysis, 47 studies were selected and were thoroughly analysed. Almost half of these articles showed a practical implementation of GST-inspired frameworks, following different types of research methodology. Analysis of these methodologies identified the limitations and positive effects of GST in the healthcare field. Although there is a significant number of references in GST in the healthcare field over the last 10 years, applications of it need to be further tested and explored before they are put into real-situation testing. Simulation models and evidence-based approaches on a micro-, meso- and macro-level of systems should be used to provide the contextual information needed for establishing GST as a driving force in the healthcare field. To this context, a paradigm of GST data framework applied to the hearing loss screening area is hereby presented and discussed. It is shown that a GST approach can be used to identify equilibria in all levels, to balance gain and prediction capacity over time and enhance public hearing health approaches for treatment and management strategies.
Field-plated Ga2O3 Trench Schottky Barrier Diodes with a Record High Figure-of-merit of 0.78 GW/cm2

The availability of melt-growth techniques for high quality substrates and the high critical electric field of 6–8 MV/ cm makes $\beta$ -Ga2O3 an attractive material for power electronic devices [1]. To enable high field operation in Schottky barrier diodes (SBDs) without incurring excessive leakage current, reduced surface field (RESURF) techniques are generally needed [2]. With the adoption of the trench Schottky barrier diode structure, we have demonstrated an effective reduction of the leakage current in Ga2O3 trench SBDs and a high breakdown voltage (BV) of 2.44 kV [3]. While the BV in the devices with large fin channel widths can be limited by the field crowding at trench corners [3], devices with a $1-\mu \mathrm{m}$ fin width appear to be limited by the field crowding at the device edge [4]. In this work, we employed field plating in the Ga2O3 trench SBDs to reduce the edge field crowding. The field plate (FP) boosts the BV of the trench SBDs, which show a record high Baliga's figure-of-merit of 0.78 GW/cm2from pulsed measurements.
Three-Hop Untrusted Relay Networks With Hardware Imperfections and Channel Estimation Errors for Internet of Things

Cooperative relaying can be introduced as a promising approach for data communication in the Internet of Things (IoT), where the source and the destination may be placed far away. In this paper, by taking a variety of realistic hardware imperfections (HWIs) and channels estimation errors (CEEs) into account, the secrecy performance of a three-hop cooperative network with a source, a destination and two consecutive amplify-and-forward (AF) relays is investigated. The relays are considered to be untrusted, i.e., while they are mandatory helpers for data transmission, they may overhear the received signals. We adopt the artificial noise injection scheme, to keep the source message secret from being captured by the untrusted relays. Given this system model, a novel closed-form expression is obtained in the high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) regime for the ergodic secrecy rate (ESR) performance over Nakagami- $m$ fading. Our simulation results highlight that the secrecy performance of the system is improved when the tolerable HWIs are distributed beneficially across the transmission and reception radio-frequency (RF) front-ends of each node. Our work reveals that unlike the ideal case, the realistic scenario of non-ideal hardware with CEEs faces with the secrecy rate ceiling. Finally, under a constraint on the total energy consumption which is applicable for battery-limited IoT equipment, we maximize the achievable secrecy rate. Our results highlight the importance of the destination’s jamming cooperation and the first relay’s role on the secrecy performance.
Gamma-ray irradiation induced variation in charge transport behavior of polyethylene based boron nitride/silica micro/nanocomposites

This paper examines the effect of Co60 gamma-ray irradiation to a maximum total dose of 1000 kGy on the charge transport in polyethylene based micro/nanocomposites. Micron sized hexagonal boron nitride (BN) and nano size silica (SiO2) fillers are used in this work. Surface potential decay measurement are used to evaluate the charge transport in the composite samples. Scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectrum, differential scanning calorimetry, and gel content techniques are used to understand the irradiation induced variations in the microstructure of the composites. The results indicate that the carrier trap center becomes shallower and the carrier mobility tends to increase with increasing gamma ray dose and this effect is mitigated with the addition of fillers. It is suggested that the radiation induced reduction in the crystallinity and the appearance of voids and the formation of carbonyl groups are responsible for the observed effect. The micron- and the nano-size particles hinder the penetration of oxygen, thereby reducing oxidation, and the gamma-ray irradiation induces increased charge transport in the composites.
Electrical Performance of HTV Silicone Rubber under Different Fillers and Filler Loadings

This paper presents tracking and erosion performance of high temperature vulcanizing (HTV) silicone rubber (SIR) materials for different filler loadings. Different concentrations of alumina trihydrate (ATH) filler particles of $3.6 \mu\mathrm{m}$ median size and silica (SiO2) filler particles of $4 \mu\mathrm{m}$ median size are considered together with HTV-SIR material. Tracking and erosion performance of the compositions were evaluated by using standard inclined plane (IP) tracking and erosion tests, according to IEe 60587 standard. IP tests are performed at 3.5 kV power frequency (50 Hz) constant test voltages, for 0.3 ml/min contamination flow rate, at an ambient temperature of $\pmb{23}\pm \pmb{2}\ {}^{\circ}\mathbf{C}$, and for six hours of test periods. Time-to-failures, eroded masses, and leakage currents of HTV-SIR filled with ATH and silica particles are investigated for different filler concentrations.