Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
On the conspecificity of Aglaothamnion tenuissimum and A. byssoides (Ceramia- ceae, Rhodophyta)

Crosses between Mediterranean strains of Aglaothamnion tenuissimum and Atlantic strains of both A. byssoides and A. pseudobyssoides support the conclusion that A. tenuissimum is conspecific with A. byssoides but that A. pseudobyssoides is a distinct species. Ceramium tenuissimum (the basionym of A. tenuissimum) antedates Callithamnion byssoides (the basionym of A. byssoides), so that the correct name of this species is A. tenuissimum. Because diagnostic features are lacking in the type specimen of C. tenuissimum, an epitype for that name is chosen. Moreover, A. tenuissimum var. mazoyerae, var. nov., is proposed for Mediterranean populations of this species that grow in habitats of low light intensity and differ morphologically from the nominal variety in the shape and size of the tetrasporangia, in the size and shape of axial cells in the basal region of the thallus, and in the absence of
Distribution of the community of frugivorous birds along a successional gradient in a tropical dry forest in south-western Mexico

Abstract: Few reports have described the relationship between the distribution of frugivorous birds and vegetation successional changes in dry forests. We assessed the abundance and behaviour of frugivorous birds in early, intermediate and mature dry forests in the Balsas river basin, Guerrero, Mexico. We selected nine dry-forest fragments, three fragments per stage, in these three stages of succession. We analysed the vegetation, estimated bird abundances in 10-min count periods, and recorded the way birds process fruits in circular plots (11–15 plots per fragment, 123 plots in total). Birds were classified as seed predators (15% of all individuals in this study), pulp consumers (15%) or legitimate dispersers (70%). Bird abundance was higher in mature forests in the dry season, while abundance and richness of legitimate dispersers and seed predators were positively related to vegetation complexity. Mature forests have a high vegetation complexity and a high cover of Bursera species that produce fruit during the dry season. During the rains, abundance was higher in early-successional sites when the zoochorous plants produced fruit. Legitimate disperser migrants (i.e. Tyrannus vociferans, Myiarchus cinerascens and M. tyrannulus) were widespread, helping the establishment of zoochorous trees such as Bursera spp. in early-successional forests.
Effect of weed control and nutrient management on soybean (Glyeine max) productivity

A field experiment was conducted at Kota during rainy season of 2002 and 2003 to evaluate the effect of her- bicides and their mixtures and of fertility levels on the extent of weed control and productivity of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr]. Two hand-weedings at 30 and 45 days after sowing (DAS), alachlor applied pre-emergence @ 2 kglha + hand-weeding (HW) at 30 DAS and tank mixture of chlorimuron ethyl + fenoxaprop-p-ethyl (9+70 and 6+50 glha) as post-emergence reduced the weed density and dry matter at 50 and 70 DAS. These treatments also recorded significantly higher podslplant, ! 000-seed weight, seed yield and net return of soybean crop. Low- est NPK uptake by weeds was recorded by two hand-weedings and the maximum NPK uptake by the crop under alachlor 2 kglha + HW at 30 DAS, two hand weedings and chlorimuron ethyl + fenoxaprop-p-ethyl (9+70 glha) treatments. Fertility levels did not influence the weed density, but a decrease in fertilizer application to 75% of recommended dose of fertilizer (RDF) reduced the dry matter of weeds. The yield and net returns decreased on reducing the rate of fertilizer application. KO significant influence on NPK uptake by weeds was registered by ap- plying 125% RDF, but nutrient uptake by crop increased significantly.
Effects of woodland shape on the spatial distribution and density of 17-year periodical cicadas (Homoptera: Cicadidae)

-We tested the hypothesis that the shape of woodland fragments influences the spatial distribution and density of three species of 17-year periodical cicadas (Homoptera: Cicadidae: Magicicada spp.). These characteristics were quantified for periodical cicadas emerging in four rectangular woodlots (mean size = 3.4 ? 0.7 ha), four linear wooded fencerows (>400 m long by mean width = 15.9 + 3.9 m), and the last remaining stand (81 ha) of primary beech-maple forest in southwestern Ohio, during the emergence of Brood X, May-June 1987. The shape of woodland fragments influenced spatial distribution and density of cicadas, although other factors, particularly the disturbance history of the sites, were equally important. Emergence began earlier in linear wooded fencerows and rectangular woodlot edges than in the interior of woodlots. Density of emerging individuals was greatest in the least disturbed edge areas and was low within the interior of rectangular woodlots. The relative abundances of the cicada species differed significantly between the woodland fragments and the primary forest. The smaller species, M. cassini (Fisher) and M. septendecula (Alexander and Moore), constituted over 93% of all individuals in all the linear and rectangular forest fragments, but the larger species, M. septendecim (L.), constituted 68% of individuals in the interior of the primary forest. We concluded that woodland shape influenced the spatial distribution of cicadas within the fragments, mainly due to the concentration of cicadas in edge areas. Our data also indicated that forest fragmentation shifted the relative abundances of these cicada species to the detriment of M. septendecim.
Increase in growth and yield of cassava with weed management

The experiment comprising 10 weed management practices of different herbicidal combinations along with hand weeding were conducted on light textured soil of Jagdalpur as rainfed in Kharif season 2011 and 2012 on Tubers. Digitaria sangunalis, Eleusine indica, Setaria gluaca, Cyperus compressus and Echinochloa colona among monocots whereas broad leaved weeds, viz. Celosia argentea, Commelina benghalensis, Spilanthus acmella and Euphorbia geniculata were found rampant weeds. Irrespective of weeds management practices, density and dry weight of weeds and weed control efficiency were significant under four hand weeding (1,2,3 and 4 month after planting). The growth and yield attributes of cassava over weedy check were also higher in same treatment over weedy check.
INTERACTION EFFECT OF ZINC AND BORON ON OKRA (ABELMOSCHUS ESCULENTUS L. MOENCH) CV. PRABHANI KRANTI

The experiment on interaction effect of zinc and boron on okra cv. Prabhani Kranti was conducted during the year 2001 and 2002. The interaction effect of zinc and boron was found significant for number of nodes on main axis, days taken to first picking, number of fruits per plant, fruit yield per plant, yield per hectare and net return per hectare with the application of 30 kg ZnSO 4/ha and 20 kg borax/ha (Z 2B 2). The minimum values for these parameters were observed in control.
Comportamiento de la macrofauna del suelo en pastizales con gramíneas puras o intercaladas con leucaena

La investigacion se realizo en la EEPF "Indio Hatuey", sobre un suelo Ferralico calcico, con el objetivo de evaluar el comportamiento de la densidad, la biomasa y la riqueza de diferentes ordenes, asi como de la temperatura y la humedad del suelo en dos areas de un sistema de produccion animal destinado a la ceba de toros (area con arboles y monocultivo de gramineas). El estudio se realizo dos veces en cada epoca climatica (junio-octubre y febrero-noviembre), basado en la metodologia recomendada por el Programa de Fertilidad y Biologia del Suelo Tropical. En cada sistema se excavaron 40 calicatas de 25 cm x 25 cm, seleccionadas al azar en toda el area. En cada una de ellas se separaron los individuos presentes en cuatro estratos sucesivos (hojarasca, 0-10, 10-20 y 20-30 cm). Los invertebrados se identificaron hasta el nivel taxonomico de orden. Los indicadores densidad y biomasa mostraron diferencias altamente significativas entre ambas areas; los mayores valores se encontraron en el area arbolada, la cual supero en 2,41 veces la cantidad de invertebrados del area de monocultivo de gramineas. La temperatura del suelo, aunque fue menor en el area arbolada, no mostro diferencias significativas. Sin embargo, la humedad del suelo mostro una mejor respuesta en esta area (20,36%) con respecto al monocultivo. Se concluye que el comportamiento de la macrofauna vario entre las areas en estudio. La densidad y la biomasa fueron superiores en el area con arboles en ambas epocas climaticas. La riqueza de ordenes fue similar en ambas areas. Las lombrices, los diplopodos y los isopodos fueron los organismos mas representados en cuanto a la abundancia. Con respecto a la biomasa, las lombrices ocuparon el 57 y 27% en cada area.
Effect of plant growth regulators on growth, physiology and yield of blackgram

Field experiments were conducted with two plant growth regulators and their combination on growth, physiology and yield of b1ackgram. Planofix a plant growth promoter, chamatkar growth retardant and their combinations were tried. Observations on morphological, physiological, growth and yield parameters were recorded. The experimental results showed that combined application of planofix @ 30 ppm on 30 and 45 DAS and chamatkar @ 120 ppm on 60 DAS recorded increased yield by 25% more than the control.
Rhizosphere and green manure effects on soil chemical attributes and metal bioavailability as a function of the distance from plant roots in mono and mixed corn and canola cultures

ABSTRACT A rhizobox experiment was conducted to study the effects of alfalfa green manure (GM) and the culture system on the dry matter yield and metal uptake in corn (Zea mays) and canola (Brassica napus) grown in rhizobox systems containing a metal-rich agricultural soil. The results showed that GM application increased soil organic matter (SOM), dissolved organic carbon (DOC), and electrical conductivity (EC) by 41%, 82%, and 35%, respectively, while the soil pH decreased by ~0.3 units. These changes were associated with enhanced soil bioavailability of Zn (14%), Cu (26%), and Ni (20%) and improved shoot dry matter yield of the plants. Soil metal bioavailability was also found to be enhanced due to the presence of plant roots. Canola intercropped with corn produced greater individual plant dry weights (IPDWs) of 96% and 59% in the untreated and GM-amended rhizoboxes, respectively. The intercropped corn, however, recorded 25% and 6.4% lower IPDW values in unamended and GM-amended soils, respectively, as compared to the monocropped corn. Enhanced Zn, Cu, and Ni uptakes were observed in canola shoots, while they decreased in corn shoots. The results demonstrate the importance of organic amendment and intercropping strategies for managing metal uptake by plants grown in metal-rich soils.
Effects of the COVID-19 lockdown on orthopaedic trauma: a multicentre study across Scotland

Aims The UK government declared a national lockdown on 23 March 2020 to reduce transmission of COVID-19. This study aims to identify the effect of lockdown on the rates, types, mechanisms, and mortality of musculoskeletal trauma across Scotland. Methods Data for all musculoskeletal trauma requiring operative treatment were collected prospectively from five key orthopaedic units across Scotland during lockdown (23 March 2020 to 28 May 2020). This was compared with data for the same timeframe in 2019 and 2018. Data collected included all cases requiring surgery, injury type, mechanism of injury, and inpatient mortality. Results A total of 1,315 patients received operative treatment from 23 March 2020 to 28 May 2020 compared with 1,791 in 2019 and 1,719 in 2018. The numbers of all injury types decreased, but the relative frequency of hip fractures increased (36.3% in 2020 vs 30.2% in 2019, p < 0.0001 and 30.7% in 2018, p < 0.0001). Significant increases were seen in the proportion of DIY-related injuries (3.1% in 2020 vs 1.7% in 2019, p = 0.012 and 1.6% in 2018, p < 0.005) and injuries caused by falls (65.6% in 2020 vs 62.6% in 2019, p = 0.082 and 61.9% in 2018, p = 0.047). Significant decreases were seen in the proportion of road traffic collisions (2.6% in 2020 vs 5.4% in 2019, p < 0.0001 and 4.2% in 2018, p = 0.016), occupational injuries (1.8% in 2020 vs 3.0% in 2019, p = 0.025 and 2.3% in 2018, p = 0.012) and infections (6.8% in 2020 vs 7.8% in 2019, p = 0.268 and 10.3% in 2018, p < 0.012). Cycling injuries increased (78 in 2020 vs 64 in 2019 vs 42 in 2018). A significant increase in the proportion of self-harm injuries was seen (1.7% in 2020 vs 1.1% in 2019, p = 0.185 and 0.5% in 2018, p < 0.0001). Mortality of trauma patients was significantly higher in 2020 (5.0%) than in 2019 (2.8%, p = 0.002) and 2018 (1.8%, p < 0.0001). Conclusion The UK COVID-19 lockdown has resulted in a marked reduction in musculoskeletal trauma patients undergoing surgery in Scotland. There have been significant changes in types and mechanisms of injury and, concerningly, mortality of trauma patients has risen significantly. Cite this article: Bone Joint Open 2020;1-9:541–548.
Commercial trawling in seagrass beds: bycatch and long-term trends in effort of a major shrimp fishery

Fisheries for penaeid shrimp have historically represented one of the largest in the Gulf of Mexico (GOM). Fishing grounds include both deeper, offshore areas, which have received considerable attention from scientists and managers, as well as shallow, nearshore areas. In the eastern GOM, the nearshore fishing grounds are in highly productive seagrass beds, which serve as nursery, temporary and permanent habitats to a multitude of fishes and invertebrates, including many of economic importance. Despite concerns regarding high levels of bycatch often observed in penaeid shrimp fisheries that use trawling gears, studies of potential gear impacts to seagrass ecosystems are surprisingly limited. We combined fishery-independent and -dependent methods to examine the temporal trends in bycatch rates and catch composition for the trawling gears used by the inshore fishery as well as the intraand inter-annual patterns in fishing effort. The proportion of bycatch was consistently high (0.74 to 0.93) across the late spring through fall months, corresponding to the period of highest primary and secondary productivity in eastern GOM seagrass beds. Fifty species were captured by the rollerframe trawls, including several species of economic concern as well as abundant fishes that serve as linkages between primary and secondary production in seagrass ecosystems. Using 24 yr of fishery data, we found long-term evidence of an intraannual shift from offshore grounds to seagrass beds during the spring through fall period of high productivity. Moreover, the proportion of total effort in seagrass beds during this period has increased in recent years, largely due to unprecedented declines in offshore effort. Extraction of both bycatch and targeted fauna from this highly productive ecosystem represents an impact that has largely been ignored. Understanding the effects of this extraction on seagrass-associated populations and communities should be considered in future ecosystem-based management and conservation efforts.
Tannins and related compounds. CXXIII: Chromone, acetophenone and phenylpropanoid glycosides and their galloyl and/or hexahydroxydiphenoyl esters from the leaves of Syzygium aromaticum MERR. et PERRY

From the dried leaves of Syzygium aromaticum MERR. et PERRY (Myrtaceae), eleven new compounds, i.e., eugenol 4-O-β-D-(6'-O-galloyl)glucopyranoside (17), 2-methyl-5, 7-dihydroxychromone 8-C-β-D-glucopyranoside (18) and its 6'-O-gallate (19), 2, 4, 6-trihydroxyacetophenone 3-C-β-D-glucopyranoside (20) and its 2'-O- (21), 6'-O- (22), 2', 3'-di-O- (23), 2', 6'-di-O- (24), 2', 3', 6'-tri-O- (25), 2', 3', 4', 6'-tetra-O-gallate (26) and 2', 3'-di-O-galloyl-4', 6'-O-(S)-hexahydroxydiphenoyl ester (27) were isolated, together with sixteen known tannins and related compounds. The structures of these compounds were established on the basis of spectroscopic and chemical evidence.
Evaluation of the phosphorus status of some coconut-growing soils of Sri Lanka

SUMMARY The phosphorus status of 58 soil samples representing 15 soil series and four soil Orders (Ultisol, Entisol, Alfisol and Oxisol) in the major coconut-growing regions of Sri Lanka was evaluated by determining the available P extracted by the methods of Olsen, Bray & Kurtz No. 1, Bray & Kurtz No. 2 and NH4OAc (pH 4·8) and the various P forms. Total P in the soils ranged from 37 to 338 mg/kg with organic P and active P constituting only about 20 and 50% of the total P respectively. In general the sandy soils of the Entisols and Oxisols had lower total and organic P but higher active and available P than the rest. The relative abundance of the various inorganic P forms was generally in the decreasing order of inactive P, Fe-P, Al-P and Ca-P. Al-P and Ca-P were positively correlated with percentage sand and negatively correlated with percentage silt and percentage clay whereas total P and organic P had the opposite trend. Available P extracted by the four methods was very low in almost all soils except some of the sandy soils (Entisols) which had marginal to moderate P contents. They were positively correlated with Al-P, Ca-P, percentage sand and negatively correlated with percentages of silt, clay and organic carbon. Phosphorus concentrations (0·074–0·116%) in the 14th leaf of coconut at the soil sites were all lower than the critical leaf-P concentration (0·120%). Leaf-P correlations with Bray & Kurtz No. 2-P and NH40Ac-P were significant (P < 0·05) and with Al-P and Ca-P were close to significant. The study revealed that the coconut-growing soils of Sri Lanka were deficient in total as well as the active and available forms of P except perhaps some of the sandy soils of the Entisol. This was confirmed by coconut leaf P analysis.
Molecular mechanisms regulating Schwann cell development and injury response in the PNS

The work within examined different aspects of the Schwann cell (SC) development and injury response: the initial demyelination, de-differentiation, and the proliferation that follows. Previous studies have shown that demyelination in the PNS often results from hijacking of these pathways, leading to SC demyelination and proliferation. Therefore, understanding of the mechanism is important as it provides insight into developing therapeutic strategies for various demyelinating neuropathies. The work described in the first chapter focuses on the mechanism of demyelination and identified p38 MAPK as an important regulator of SC demyelination. Using both in vivo and in vitro methods for nerve injury, I showed that p38 MAPK inhibition strongly reduced demyelination whereas its ectopic activation resulted in spontaneous demyelination. After SCs de-differentiate and demyelinate, the distal SCs become highly proliferative, participating in the injury response to promote functional recovery. The proliferation of SCs is thought to be an important component of the injury repair processes. Further understanding of these processes may help in promoting functional recovery after nerve injury. The second part of the thesis examined the role of SC proliferation that occurs during this period. Using a transgenic animal model in which SCs do not proliferate after injury, I showed that SC proliferation is not required for functional recovery, but rather the excess SCs generated during this proliferative period are removed by apoptosis.
Perceptions of Deer-Vehicle Collision Management by State Wildlife Agency and Department of Transportation Administrators

Historically, state wildlife agencies (SWAs) have been concerned with increasing and protecting wildlife populations at the same time departments of transportation (DOTs) have developed and improved transportation systems. These concurrent activities have resulted in increasing human-wildlife conflicts, most visibly deer-vehicle collisions (DVCs). Increasing numbers of DVCs create new biological and socioeconomic consequences. Although SWAs and DOTs try to reduce DVCs, their approaches may not be integrated. We surveyed SWA and DOT administrators to determine their perception of the magnitude of DVCs in their state, the relative effectiveness of mitigation measures used, and the role of their agency in DVC abatement. Less than 30% of all agencies reported maintaining long-term DVC databases. Few (10%) assigned staff to conduct DVC prevention activities. Despite inadequate record-keeping among agencies, many agency administrators believed DVCs were increasing in their state. Highway fencing was believed to have the greatest long-term potential to reduce DVCs; deer whistles, and mirrors were perceived as being the least effective. Agency cultures influenced the way individual agencies responded to the problem in addition to creating different perceptions of the problem and potential solutions. SWA and DOT administrators generally disagreed on factors that contributed to increasing DVCs and who should ultimately bear financial responsibility for DVC research and mitigation.
Scarcity and Consumer Decision Making: Is Scarcity a Mindset, a Threat, a Reference Point, or a Journey?

T his special issue brings together research examining the impact of scarcity on consumer decision making. A consumer’s ability to meet consumption goals may be challenged by scarcity of resources, such as money or time, or scarcity of products. Scarcity may be short-term, triggered by the loss of a job or by product stockouts, or it may be chronic, related to a consumer’s socioeconomic status. Over the past decade, there has been a surge of academic interest in scarcity, perhaps triggered by the 2008 financial crisis, and likely to be accelerated by scarcity related to the COVID-19 global pandemic. In 2013, Mullainathan and Shafir published their book Scarcity: Why Having Too Little Means So Much, which proposed that scarcity of diverse resources, such as money and time, can have similar cognitive and behavioral consequences. Recent conceptual papers have highlighted the effects of resource scarcity on consumer self-regulation (Cannon, Goldsmith, and Roux 2019), reviewed the effects of financial constraints on consumer decision making (Hamilton et al. 2019a), and integrated work on product and resource scarcity to better understand the consumer decision journey (Hamilton et al. 2019b). Roundtables on the topic of scarcity convened at the 2018 and 2019 Association for Consumer Research Conferences drew large numbers of attendees, highlighting the opportunity to bring together work on this topic in a special issue of the Journal of the Association for Consumer Research. The more recent interest in the effects of scarcity on consumer behavior follows decades of earlier work on the topic. As the field of consumer behavior developed in the 1970s and 1980s, researchers began to highlight challenges faced by consumers with scarce resources (Hill 2008). In his classic book TheDisadvantagedConsumer, Alan Andreasen (1975) suggests that the problems faced by impoverished consumers in the marketplace are fundamentally different from those faced by