Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Influence of Value Co-Creation on Virtual Community Brand Equity for Unichannel vs. Multichannel Users

Value co-creation by users in a virtual community is a key element to encouraging the community’s brand equity. This study analyzes the effect of the functional value provided by the virtual community on the two value-co-creation behaviors that occur within it: (1) self-value co-creation and (2) communal value co-creation. Through self-value co-creation, participants co-create value to their own benefit by becoming involved in co-designing their experience. By communal value co-creation, participants co-create value through evaluations, recommendations, and ideas that benefit others. This study also asks whether multichannelity—using various channels to access the virtual community (website and mobile app), as opposed to using a single channel (website or mobile app)—has a moderating effect on the relationships proposed between value co-creation and brand equity of the virtual community. The analysis is contrasted empirically for the virtual community Tripadvisor with data collected by a research institute via telephone interview. Confirmatory factor analysis and multi-group structural equation modeling techniques were used to assess the proposed model. The study enriches two significant lines of scholarly research, value co-creation and brand equity. It does so in multi-brand virtual contexts in which variety of service brands coexists with the brand of the virtual community, and with users who access the virtual community through one or various channels. The study also contributes to the formulation of business strategies oriented to increasing the brand equity of virtual communities.
Authentic versus synthetic: An investigation of the influences of study settings and task configurations on search behaviors

In information seeking and retrieval research, researchers often collect data about users' behaviors to predict task characteristics and personalize information for users. The reliability of user behavior may be directly influenced by data collection methods. This article reports on a mixed‐methods study examining the impact of study setting (laboratory setting vs. remote setting) and task authenticity (authentic task vs. simulated task) on users' online browsing and searching behaviors. Thirty‐six undergraduate participants finished one lab session and one remote session in which they completed one authentic and one simulated task. Using log data collected from 144 task sessions, this study demonstrates that the synthetic lab study setting and simulated tasks had significant influences mostly on behaviors related to content pages (e.g., page dwell time, number of pages visited per task). Meanwhile, first‐query behaviors were less affected by study settings or task authenticity than whole‐session behaviors, indicating the reliability of using first‐query behaviors in task prediction. Qualitative interviews reveal why users were influenced. This study addresses methodological limitations in existing research and provides new insights and implications for researchers who collect online user search behavioral data.
Distribution, Population Size, and Habitat Characteristics of the Endangered European Ground Squirrel (Spermophilus citellus, Rodentia, Mammalia) in Its Southernmost Range

The European ground squirrel (Spermophilus citellus) is an endangered species, endemic to Central and Southeastern Europe, inhabiting burrow colonies in grassland and agricultural ecosystems. In recent years, agricultural land-use changes and increased urbanization have largely contributed to a severe population decline across its range, particularly in its southernmost edge. Assessing the population and habitat status of this species is essential for prioritizing appropriate conservation actions. The present study aims to track population size changes and identify habitat characteristics of the species in Greece via a literature search, questionnaires, and fieldwork for assessing trends in population size as well as spatial K-means analysis for estimating its relation to specific habitat attributes. We found that both distribution size (grid number) and colony numbers of the species decreased in the last decades (by 62.4% and 74.6%, respectively). The remaining colonies are isolated and characterized by low density (mean = 7.4 ± 8.6 ind/ha) and low number of animals (mean = 13 ± 16 individuals). Most of the colonies are situated in lowlands and did not relate to specific habitat attributes. Habitat aspect and system productivity (NDVI) were the main factors contributing mostly to the clustering of the existing colonies. These results demonstrate that the species is confined to small, isolated anthropogenic habitats. Specific conservation actions such as population reinforcement, habitat improvement, and specific common agricultural policy measures could effectively improve agroecological zones that are suitable for the maintenance and protection of existing and potential habitats for populations of the species.
The origin and disappearance of the Wambambali tradition and the succeeding Wagogo communities in Dodoma: Oral stories from elders

The current fast growth of the city of Dodoma in central Tanzania threatens cultural heritage materials scattered on the landscape. However, natural processes such as weathering and erosion also add to this threat. Earlier, we reported on the existence of two cultural traditions on this landscape, the Middle Stone Age artefacts and the much younger Wambambali tradition based on pottery, grinding stones and remains of collapsed buildings. This paper presents qualitative data about the latter tradition from the perception of elders. Although our main focus was on the Wambambali tradition, elders broadened our scope and so we discuss the Wambambali on the wider perspective that includes succeeding communities, the Wagogo. Interview and focus group discussion techniques were used to collect data. The current whereabout of the Wambambali people is not known but there are two suggestions: The majority went south while a small group may have gone to the north. On the other hand, the Wagogo communities are formed by founders from different ethnic groups and regions and elders involved in our research predominantly trace their origins to the Hehe and Bena communities in today’s Iringa/Njombe regions. The collective name for these incoming groups came to be known as Wagogo. Key words: Origin, disappearance, Wambambali tradition, Wagogo, cultural heritage.
Repeated Genetic and Adaptive Phenotypic Divergence across Tidal Elevation in a Foundation Plant Species

Microgeographic genetic divergence can create fine-scale trait variation. When such divergence occurs within foundation species, then it might impact community structure and ecosystem function and cause other cascading ecological effects. We tested for parallel microgeographic trait and genetic divergence in Spartina alterniflora, a foundation species that dominates salt marshes of the US Atlantic and Gulf coasts. Spartina is characterized by tall-form (1–2 m) plants at lower tidal elevations and short-form (<0.5 m) plants at higher tidal elevations, yet whether this trait variation reflects plastic and/or genetically differentiated responses to these environmental conditions remains unclear. In the greenhouse, seedlings raised from tall-form plants grew taller than those from short-form plants, indicating a heritable difference in height. When we reciprocally transplanted seedlings back into the field for a growing season, composite fitness (survivorship and seed production) and key plant traits (plant height and biomass allocation) differed interactively across origin and transplant zones in a manner indicative of local adaptation. Further, a survey of single nucleotide polymorphisms revealed repeated, independent genetic differentiation between tall- and short-form Spartina at five of six tested marshes across the native range. The observed parallel, microgeographic genetic differentiation in Spartina likely underpins marsh health and functioning and provides an underappreciated mechanism that might increase capacity of marshes to adapt to rising sea levels.
Recent hydrological response of glaciers in the Canadian Rockies to changing climate and glacier configuration

Abstract. Mountain snow and ice greatly influence the hydrological cycle of alpine regions by regulating both the quantity and seasonal variations of water availability downstream. This study considers the combined impacts of climate and glaciers changes due to recession on the hydrology and water balance of two high-elevation basins in the Canadian Rockies. A distributed, physically based, uncalibrated glacier hydrology model developed in the Cold Regions Hydrological Modelling platform (CRHM) was used to simulate the glacier mass balance and basin hydrology of Peyto and Athabasca Glacier basins in Alberta. Bias-corrected reanalysis data were used to drive the model. The model calculates the water balance of a glacierized basin, influenced by the surface energy and mass balance, and considering redistribution of snow by wind and avalanches. It was set up using hydrological response units based on elevation bands, surface slope and aspect, as well as changing land cover. Aerial photos, satellite images and Digital Elevation Models (DEM) were assimilated to represent the changing configurations of glacier area and the exposure of ice and firn. Observations of glacier mass balance, snow and glacier ice surface elevation changes at glacier and alpine tundra meteorological stations and streamflow discharge at the glacier outlets were used to evaluate the model performance. Model results indicated that both basins have undergone continuous glacier loss over the last three to five decades, leading to a 6–31 % reduction in glacierized area, a 78–109 % increase in ice exposure, and changes to the elevation and slope of the glacier surfaces. Diurnal temperature ranges are increasing, mainly due to increasing summer maximum daily temperatures. Annual precipitation is not changing much, but rainfall ratios are increasing. Basin hydrology was simulated over two periods, 1965–1975 and 2008–2018, using observed glacier configurations. The results show that changes in both climate and glacier configuration caused changes in melt rates and runoff, and a shift of peak flows from August to July. Glacier melt contributions increased from 27–61 % to 43–59 % of annual discharges. Recent discharges were 3–19 % higher than in the 1960s and 1970s. The results suggest that increased exposure of glacier ice and lower surface elevation due to glacier thinning were less influential in increasing streamflow than climate warming. Streamflow from these glaciers continues to increase.
Improved forest fire spread mapping by developing custom fire fuel models in replanted forests in Hyrcanian forests, Iran

Aim of the study: Forest fuel classification and characterization is a critical factor in wildfire management. The main purpose of this study was to develop custom fuel models for accurately mapping wildfire spread compared to standard models. Area of study: The study was conducted at a replanted forest dominated by coniferous species, in the Arabdagh region, Golestan Province, northern Iran. Material and methods: Six custom fuel models were developed to characterize the main vegetation types in the study area. Fuel samples were collected from 49 randomly selected plots. In each plot, the fuel load of 1-hr, 10-hr, 100-hr, 1000-hr, live herbs, live woody plants, surface area volume ratio, and fuel depth were estimated using the Fuel Load (FL) sampling method along three transects. Canopy fuel load was calculated for each fuel model. The performance of the custom fuel models versus standard fuel models on wildfire behavior simulations was compared using the FlamMap MTT simulator. Main results: The results showed that, despite the similarity in the burned area between observed and modeled fires, the custom fuel models produced an increase in simulation accuracy. Compared to the observed fire, simulation results did not give realistic results to the crown fire. The simulation using standard fuel models did not result in crown fire, while the simulation using custom fuel models showed a moderate rate of crown fire with a Kappa coefficient of 0.54. Research highlights: The results demonstrated the importance of developing custom fuel models to simulate wildfire maps with higher accuracy for wildfire risk management.
Domain-specific prior knowledge and learning: A meta-analysis

Abstract It is often hypothesized that prior knowledge strongly predicts learning performance. It can affect learning positively mediated through some processes and negatively mediated through others. We examined the relation between prior knowledge and learning in a meta-analysis of 8776 effect sizes. The stability of individual differences, that is, the correlation between pretest and posttest knowledge, was high (r P + = .534). The predictive power of prior knowledge for learning, i.e., the correlation between pretest knowledge and normalized knowledge gains, was low (r NG + = −.059), almost normally distributed, and had a large 95% prediction interval [–. 688, . 621]. This strong variability falsifies general statements such as “knowledge is power” as well as “the effect of prior knowledge is negligible. ” It calls for systematic research on the conditions under which prior knowledge has positive, negative, or negligible effects on learning. This requires more experiments on the processes mediating the effects of prior knowledge and thresholds for useful levels of prior knowledge.
Seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection in a municipality in southern Brazil

SARS-CoV-2 is an RNA virus, responsible for causing an acute respiratory syndrome, which became known worldwide for its rapid spread and for causing the pandemic of a new disease: COVID-19. Thus, epidemiological studies have been developed in order to determine the extent of the problems and the magnitude of the disease. The present study aimed to evaluate the seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection and its relationship with socio-demographic and clinical-epidemiological factors in the city of Chapecó, Santa Catarina, Brazil. It was a quantitative, epidemiological, observational, cross-sectional, population-based study with 2179 participants. Socio-demographic, associated behavioral, aggravating and comorbid parameters were evaluated, relating them to positivity or not in the rapid test implemented. The rapid test identified 22.2% of the diagnosed seroprevalence of COVID-19 in the municipality in question. A higher incidence of cases was observed in people living with other people, in people who had contact with positive cases, and in symptomatic patients, corroborating with current studies. The results highlight the importance of clinical-epidemiological studies for the understanding and control of COVID-19.
Research on Kinematic Parameters of Multiple Gait Pattern Transitions

Gait recognition technology is the key technology in the field of exoskeletons. In the current research of gait recognition technology, there is less focus on the recognition of the transition between gait patterns. This study aims to determine which kinematic parameters have significant differences in the transitions (between level and stair walking and between level and ramp walking) of different gait patterns, to determine whether these parameters change differently in different gait pattern transitions, and the order the significant differences occur through a comparative analysis of various kinematic parameters between the transition stride and the before stride in the former pattern. We analyzed 18 parameters concerning both lower limbs and trunk. We compared each time point of the transition strides to the corresponding time points of the before stride using a series of two-sample t-tests, and we then evaluated the difference between the transition stride and the before stride based upon the number of time points within the gait cycle that were statistically different. We found that the sagittal plane angular velocity and the angular acceleration of all joints and the resultant velocity of the thigh and shank of the leading limb had significant differences in the process of transition; the sagittal plane angular velocity of all joints of the trailing limb and the velocity of the trunk in the coronary axis direction also showed a significant difference. The angular acceleration of all joints, the sagittal plane angular velocity of the ankle joint of the leading limb, and the acceleration of the trunk in the coronal axis direction showed a difference in the early stage of the transition. In general, the leading limb had a significant difference earlier than the trailing limb, and the acceleration parameters changed earlier than the velocity parameters. These parameters showed different combinations of changes in the transition of different gait patterns, and the changes in these parameters reflected different gait pattern transitions. Therefore, we believe that the results of this study can provide a reference for the gait pattern transition recognition of wearable exoskeletons.
Subjective Assessment of Psychological Impact, Awareness, And The Online Learning Experience of Dental Students During The Total Lockdown After The Global COVID-19 Spread: University of Jordan

BackgroundThe aim of the present study was to assess the psychological impact and awareness of the spread of coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19) in Jordan among dental students at the University of Jordan, as well as assessing student attitudes toward dental learning during the lockdown period imposed by the government.MethodsThis study was conducted using a questionnaire that was electronically distributed to the largest possible number of Year 3, 4 and 5 dental students. 271 students participated in the survey (Year 3, n = 89, Year 4, n = 94, and Year 5, n = 88), with a response rate of 40.39%. ResultsResults indicated considerable psychological impact on dental students during the spread of the COVID-19 virus in Jordan, with a high degree of awareness among the students about COVID-19. Furthermore, there was positive feedback about the online learning experience of theoretical subjects but less so for practical and/or clinical subjects with a great deal of reluctance to resume their regular study, especially attendance of dental patient clinics.ConclusionResults of this study highlight the need for launching more awareness programs to reassure the dental students and to restore their confidence in the complete protective ability of the recommended precautions against the contraction of the disease.
Arab integration in new and established mixed cities in Israel

The segregation or integration of minority groups is a core issue in contemporary urban fabrics. The literature tends to highlight the difference between ethnic groups while diversity within them receives less attention. This study addresses such differences by looking at Arab residents of ethnically mixed Israeli cities. Specifically, it highlights religious affiliation and community standing (in terms of being an old/new city) by comparing three Arab subgroups: Muslims and Christians from Haifa and Christians from Nof HaGalil. Uncovering these variations, we use Schnell’s multidimensional model of segregation/integration relating to 12 dimensions of economic, social, cultural and emotional capitals. The study employed 222 questionnaires and GPS loggers to track the respondents’ daily movements. The results reflected different patterns of integration/segregation between the three communities, with Haifa Christians exhibiting wider and deeper integration compared with Nof HaGalil’s Christian residents and Haifa Muslims. Additionally, the high diversity within each group demonstrates the complexities of integration/segregation processes combining structural issues and personal choices.
How salient administrative burden affects job seekers’ locus of control and responsibility attribution: Evidence from a survey experiment

Abstract Despite an explicit focus on citizens' experiences with public service, research on administrative burden has done little to show how burdensome experiences affect citizen’s psychological beliefs. This limits our understanding of administrative burdens and their impact in public policy. Through a survey experiment on 1.116 unemployment insurance fund beneficiaries in Denmark, we test whether activating impressions from onerous experiences with the unemployment system affects psychological beliefs central to job search and (un)employment: job search locus of control and attribution of unemployment responsibility. We show that experiences of onerous demands and complicated rules externalize respondents' locus of control and increase their propensity to attribute responsibility for unemployment to their unemployment insurance fund and its employees. Thus, experiencing administrative burdens, even from policies ostensibly designed to make beneficiaries master their situation, may shift control beliefs and responsibility attribution outward rather than inward.
What’s Work Got to Do with It? How Precarity Influences Radical Party Support in France and the Netherlands

The rising support for radical parties in Europe has triggered a new interest in the political sociology of voting and how voters with socio-economic insecurity are moving away from establishment politics. In this article, we apply Standing’s concept of ‘precarity’ to capture insecurity among ordinary voters and thereby expand the individual socio-economic explanations behind the vote for radical populist right (RPR) and radical left (RL) parties. We develop a multidimensional measure of precarity to capture subjective labour market insecurity in its different manifestations. The article examines the influence of precarity on voting in two countries – France and the Netherlands – that, in the 2017 elections, saw the culmination of a decline in support for establishment parties and a rise in support for both RPR and RL parties. We use panels of voters collected during these elections through online Voting Advice Applications, weighted against national census benchmarks. We identify and assess the role of two dimensions of precarity: ‘precarity of tenure’ and ‘precarity at work’. We find that in both France and the Netherlands precarity is, overall, negatively correlated with voting for established parties and positively correlated with voting for RPR and RL parties. Furthermore, our investigation shows that ‘precarity at work’ is more significant in explaining voting support than the more widely investigated ‘precarity of tenure’. Our results stress the importance of assessing how subjective work insecurity explains voting and support for RPR and RL parties.