Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Preparation, characterization, and in vivo pharmacokinetics of thermosensitive in situ nasal gel of donepezil hydrochloride

Abstract Donepezil hydrochloride thermosensitive in situ gel for nasal delivery was prepared by using Poloxamer 407 and Poloxamer 188 as thermoreversible polymers, hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin and ethylparaben as permeation enhancer and preservative, respectively. The gelation temperature and time, pH value of the gel formulation were found to meet the requirements for nasal administration. The in vitro erosion and in vitro release tests exhibited obvious drug sustained release behavior. Meantime, main pharmacokinetic parameters such as tmax, cmax and AUC in plasma as well as in brain were significantly different between the nasal gel formulation and intragastric drug solution in rats (p < 0.01). The relative bioavailability and drug targeting efficiency of the gel formulation were calculated to be 385.6 and 151.2 %, respectively. Thus, the drug gel formulation might be a potential new delivery system for treatment of Alzheimer’s disease due to its higher bioavailability and better distribution to brain when compared to oral route.
The Housing Wealth Effect: Identification after a Tragedy*

Identifying a causal channel from changes in housing wealth to consumption is challenging. This is rooted in the difficulties in finding truly exogenous sources of variation in house prices, as well as onerous individuallevel data requirements. This paper offers a framework that meets both challenges. Central to our research design is the tragic school shooting in Newtown on December 14, 2012, which provided a large negative shock to the local real estate market, the magnitude of which varied discontinuously at the boundary of the Sandy Hook Elementary School attendance zone. We combine this information on the exogenous change in housing values with individual-level credit card expenditure data to identify the magnitude of the wealth-effect from housing to consumption. Our results, suggest that the marginal propensity to consume from a $1 change in housing wealth is about 10-14 cents. However, household demographics are key to understanding the magnitude of these effects. We find no evidence that changes in housing wealth affect behavior of young (18-30) or old (65+) consumers; instead, the effect is driven entirely by the 30-65 cohort. Consistent with these results, we find that lower income households, who are more-often renters, are short in housing, while higher-income households react positively to changes in housing wealth.
0 On the Ellsberg paradox

This paper proposes a model of expected utility maximization which accounts for the Ellsberg paradox and for Machina’s extension of it. In the model, decision makers use a commutative ring in which the real numbers are embedded as a subring, and they do so in order to decompose their beliefs into ‘ambiguous’ or ‘unambiguous’ parts – with unambiguous beliefs being defined on the reals, and ambiguous beliefs defined otherwise. Decision makers whose beliefs are formed on the ring and who maximize expected utility on it, are then shown to behave in ways that are predicted by the Ellsberg paradox. The major paradoxical cases in Ellsberg’s seminal paper are resolved, along with some additional cases owed to Machina and Blavatskyy. Furthermore, it’s shown that Ellsberg’s reduced form solution to his own paradox is implied by the model.
Movement Empowerment in Mixed-Reality Trampoline Games

of the master’s thesis Author Lauri Lehtonen Title Movement Empowerment in Mixed-Reality Trampoline Games Degree programme Information Networks Major Media Code of major SCI3047 Supervisor Prof. Perttu Hämäläinen Advisors Dr Max D. Kaos, Dr Raine Kajastila Date 27.05. 2019 Number of pages 43 Language English
Appl. Entomol. Zool. 41 (1): 139–144 (2006)

Aphelinus asychis from Kyoto and A. albipodus from Kobe, which enter weak diapause, strictly oligopause sensu Mansingh (1971), as adults and diapause as larvae, respectively, were reared under natural conditions in Kyoto to validate their overwintering dormancy and to compare previous laboratory results with dormancy-inducing and terminating photoperiods and temperatures in the field. In A. asychis, 30% of the females that had emerged in late October to early November survived until late March, but all males that had emerged in the same time died by mid-January. Some of the females oviposited in early and mid-November, but the females were likely to stop oviposition between late November and late January because no aphids that were exposed to the females were mummified. The surviving females oviposited from early February to late March, and adults of the first generation emerged in midto late April. Adult oligopause appeared to be induced by the photoperiod in midto late October and to be maintained for more than two months. In A. albipodus, mature larvae of the generation beginning in mid-October overwintered within the mummies, and adults emerged in midto late April. Larval diapause appeared to be induced by the photoperiod in mid-October and to be terminated by cold temperatures experienced at the end of January.
Static Taint Analysis Tools to Detect Information Flows

In today’s society, the smartphone has become a pervasive source of private and confidential information and has become a quintessential target for malicious intent. Smartphone users are bombarded with a multitude of third party applications that either have little to no regard to private information or aim to gather that information maliciously. To combat this, there have been numerous tools developed to analyze mobile applications to detect information leaks that could lead to privacy concerns. One popular category of these tools are static taint analysis tools that track the flow of data throughout an application. In this work we perform an objective comparison of several Android taint analysis tools that detect information flows in Android applications. We test the tools FlowDroid, IccTA, and DroidSafe on both the android taint analysis benchmarking suite DROIDBENCH as well as a random subset of applications acquired from F-Droid and measure these tools in terms of effectiveness and efficiency.
Losing a Job and (Dis)incentives to Move

Abstract We examine the economic determinants of interregional mobility. Using plant closures and mass lay-offs for identification, we show that there are obstacles in the labor market that prevent a more efficient reallocation of unemployed individuals and jobs. We find that displacement increases the migration probability by ~80 percent. Displaced workers mostly make migration decisions based on economic (dis)incentives, i.e., higher expected wages and lower expected housing prices outside the origin home location increase the probability of moving after a job loss. In contrast, proximity to family, home ownership and poorly functioning housing markets constitute severe constraints for migration. This outcome is concerning for employment prospects, as, among displaced workers, migration is positively linked to a strong attachment to the labor market.
Adolescent Health Literacy in Beijing and Melbourne: A Cross-Cultural Comparison

While adolescent health literacy has gained momentum, it is under-researched from a cross-cultural perspective. This study aims to compare health literacy among two cultural groups of secondary students in Beijing and Melbourne. A cross-sectional study was conducted with 770 students from five secondary schools in Beijing and Melbourne. A self-administered questionnaire was designed to collect information on health literacy (the eight-item health literacy assessment tool (HLAT-8), the Newest Vital Sign (NVS) and the 47-item Health Literacy Survey (HLS-47)), its antecedents and health outcomes. Overall, students’ health literacy in Melbourne (n = 120) was higher than that in Beijing (n = 650): 28.25 ± 6.00 versus 26.37 ± 5.89 (HLAT-8); and 4.13 ± 1.73 versus 3.65 ± 1.64 (NVS). The proportion of students with low health literacy varied by instruments, representing 23.7–32.2% in Melbourne and 29.0%–45.5% in Beijing. In both cultural groups, students’ self-efficacy, social support, and perceptions of school environment were associated with their health literacy, which in turn predicted their health behaviours, patient-provider communication and health status. Given the nature of our study design and small samples, a cautious conclusion would be that adolescent health literacy is sensitive to the broad cultural context and might be an interactive outcome influenced by an individual’s health skills and the social environment. Particularly, creating a supportive school environment is critical to develop adolescent health literacy that would eventually contribute to better health outcomes.
The efficacy of mud pack treatment on ailments related to gonarthrosis

Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate whether mud pack application as a supplementary treatment to physiotherapy and therapy with physical agents allow to achieve better outcome than physiotherapy and therapy with physical agents alone in patients suffering from gonarthrosis. Methods: Twenty patients aged 49 to 70 at II and III stage of gonarthrosis were divided into experimental and control groups each comprising 10 patients. The experimental group was treated by mud pack, exercises and therapy with physical agents, whereas the control group only by exercises and therapy with physical agents. The following parameters were evaluated in all patients before and two weeks after the therapy: range of motion in the knee, leg circumference, self-assessment of disease severity (using WOMAC questionnaire), and pain level (using VAS scale). Results: We observed that joint stiffness (assessed using WOMAC questionnaire) decreased significantly only in the experimental group (p<0.05). Significant decrease in pain level assessed by means of VAS scale was noticed in both groups (p<0.05). After the therapy, a significant improvement in knee flexion (p<0.05) was observed only in the control group. Conclusion: Both treatment modalities had similar effects on pain severity. Reduction of joints stiffness observed 2 weeks following the treatment may suggest that mud pack may be used as a supplementary component in the therapy of osteoarthro-
Sampling of flower-visiting insects: Poor correspondence between the catches of colour pan-trap and sweep netting

Pollinating insects are important and therefore, it is important to be able to assess and monitor changes in their abundance. Consequently, it is essential that the methods used to collect data have some level of precision and are accurate. In the present study, two commonly used methods: colour pan-traps and sweep netting along transects, were compared. A total of 1775 specimens of 120 species of four insect families were caught in twelve clear-cuts in southern Sweden. Overall, Lepturinae (Cerambycidae; 5 species) and Cetoniidae (Scarabaeidae; 2) were trapped in larger numbers by pan-traps and Syrphidae (62) and Apoidea, both social (10) and solitary (41), by sweep netting. The catches of none of the above groups of insects by the two methods were correlated. These results show that the composition of catches of the two methods are very different, which has implications when choosing a method for sampling or monitoring and comparing and analysing published data.
Novel Tools for the Study of Cell Type-Specific Exosomes and Microvesicles

The increased release of exosomes and microvesicles (EMVs) and their accumulation in body fluids including plasma, liquor, urine, saliva, mucus and interstitial fluids (e.g. ascites, pleural fluids) is often directly related to cell activation [1-4] and the pathogenesis of a variety of diseases [5-9]. While the exact mechanisms inducing EMV release still remain obscure [1,10,11], the releasing efficacy is often modulated by (receptor-dependent) extracellular signals, such as ligands or viral infection [12,13-16]. Apparently, the underlying vesicular trafficking, exocytotic and plasma membrane shedding processes [17] operate in constitutive (Ca2+-independent) [18] or regulated (Ca2+-dependent) fashion [19-23] that may be induced by specific signals, such as certain physiological (e.g. fatty acids, reactive oxygen species) or pharmacological (e.g. anti-diabetic sulfonylurea drug glimepiride) stimuli [24-27]. The use of EMVs as predictive, diagnostic, therapeutic and prognostic biomarkers under fulfillment of all criteria commonly accepted for their use [9,28-46] is of increasing interest for many, in particular common complex diseases, such as metabolic and cardiovascular disorders [47-80], inflammation and cancer [81-94] and under the systems biological point of view [95,96]. The predominant scientific and technological criteria for future research and development of omicsand nanoparticle (NP)-based EMV analytics to achieve these objectives are as follows: (i) High-throughput/high-content analytical platforms have to be implemented and validated (standard operation procedures) that allow the quantitation and discrimination of EMV composition and heterogeneity as related to their physicochemical properties (size, density, refractive index) on the basis of both single-parameter and signature analysis of their proteomic (by MS [mass spectrometry], single/multiplex enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays [ELISAs]), lipidomic (by MS), metabolomic (by MS) and nucleic acid (DNA, mRNA, miRNA [microRNA] by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction [RT-PCR]) composition. (ii) The pre-analytical procedures, including the calibration and standardization of flow cytometry (FCM) platforms, appropriate for EMV analytics have to be improved and simplified. (iii) Multi-parameter combinations of fluorescently labeled monoclonal antibodies and nucleic acid staining and fixation/permeation pre-analytical protocols for simultaneous multi-parameter FCM analysis of cell type-specific EMVs have to be implemented and validated. (iv) Quantitative MS-based proteomics as reference method and as bridging technology for the determination of protein composition and content in EMVs released from different cell types under normal and disease conditions has to be used to facilitate
Potential of Predator Podisus nigrispinus Dallas (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) in the Control of Helicoverpa armigera Hübner (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

Managing Helicoverpa armigera is still a major challenge for Brazilian farmers, due to limited information available about chemicals and biological control of this pest in Brazil. This study focused on evaluating the biological aspects of Podisus nigrispinus fed with H. armigera, under laboratory conditions, as well as verifying the capacity of the P. nigrispinus in preying on caterpillars of H. armigera in the field, in soybean crops. The experiments were conducted in laboratory under controlled temperature conditions of 25±2 oC, relative humidity (RH) 60±10% and 14-hour photophase, as well as in the field, at the experimental station of Fundacao MS in Maracaju, MS. In the laboratory, second instar nymphs of P. nigrispinus were placed in plastic jars and fed with H. armigera larvae or Tenebrio molitor larvae throughout the nymphal phase. When they reach adulthood, 15 couples were formed, remaining with the same prey of the previous phase. For the field trial, soybean plants were caged, and inside these cages were released eight quarter-instar H. armigera caterpillars. Subsequently, in each cage were released an adult female or a fifth instar nymph, and after 24 hours, the number of prey caterpillars were assessed. Predator nymphal duration was shorter in treatment with H. armigera than with T. molitor. Nymphal viability was similar between treatments. Adult females and males fed with H. armigera presented greater body mass than those fed with T. molitor. The number of postures per female and the number of eggs per female were similar between treatments. The incubation period of eggs was longer for treatment with H. armigera, differing statistically from treatment with T. molitor. Eggs from treatment with H. armigera showed similar viability to treatment with T. molitor, not differing statistically. Females and males under treatment with H. armigera showed longer longevity compared to treatment with T. molitor. Adult females preyed on average 2.26 caterpillars within 24 hours and fifth instar nymphs preyed on 1.73 caterpillars/day. P. nigrispinus showed better development when fed with H. armigera, demonstrating that it can be used as an alternative host for breeding this predator. The predator showed satisfactory performance for predation rate/day. Release of fifth instar nymphs and adult females of P. nigrispinus may reduce the pest population in relation to the absence of the predator under field conditions, an important alternative to be used in H. armigera integrated management programs.
The effect of CPAP on HRQOL as measured by the Quality of Well-Being Self Administered Questionaire (QWB-SA).

Background To examine the effect of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) on Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) as measured by the Quality of Well Being Self-Administered questionnaire (QWB-SA). Methods Participants from The Apnea Positive Pressure Long-term Efficacy Study (APPLES); a 6-month multicenter randomized, double-blinded intention to treat study, were included in this analysis. The participants with an apnea-hypopnea index >10 events/hour initially randomized to CPAP or Sham group were asked to complete QWB-SA at baseline, 2, 4, and 6-month visits. Results There were no group differences among either the CPAP or Sham groups. "Mean age was 52±12 [SD] years, AHI 40±25 events/hr, BMI 32±7.1 kg/m2, and Epworth Sleepiness Score (ESS) 10±4 of 24 points. " QWB-SA scores were available at baseline, and 2, 4 & 6 months after treatment in CPAP (n 558) and Sham CPAP (n 547) groups. There were no significant differences in QWB scores among mild, moderate or severe OSA participants at baseline. Modest improvement in QWB scores was noted at 2, 4 and 6- months among both Sham and CPAP groups (P <0.05). However, no differences were observed between Sham CPAP and CPAP at any time point. Comparison of the QWB-SA data from the current study with published data in populations with chronic illnesses demonstrated that the impact of OSA is no different than the effect of AIDS and arthritis. Conclusion Although the QoL measured by the QWB-SA was impaired in OSA it did not have direct proportionality to OSA severity.ClinicalTrials. gov. Identifier: NCT00051363.
Labor market integration of refugees in Germany: Employers’ experiences and consequences

In the light of a recent surge of refugee migration to Germany, labor market integration as well as employers’ experiences and consequences are key determinants of immigration’s macroeconomic welfare impacts. Our contribution aims at analyzing recent empirical evidence of employers’ expectations, obstacles, consequences and benefits as well as strategies to strengthen refugees’ labor market inclusion. To achieve these goals, we first sketch potential negative and positive shortand long-run macroeconomic immigration effects on host countries like Germany and the decisive role of refugees’ labor market integration in this respect. Then, employers’ expectations and obstacles of refugee employment are discussed. Furthermore, employers’ overall experiences, their engagement in hiring refugees and the resulting employment status of refugees in Germany are reconsidered. Based on secondary quantitative research and qualitative findings, we argue that refugees’ labor market situation may change in the future, particularly as female refugees frequently adopt considerably higher employment aspirations in Germany compared to their countries of origin, in which they have often been restrained by diverse obstacles. We finally analyze and discuss major ways to improve refugees’ labor market perspectives in general, and for female refugees specifically.
Advancing the Scientific Frontier with Increasingly Autonomous Systems

A close partnership between people and partially autonomous machines has enabled decades of space exploration. But to further expand our horizons, our systems must become more capable. Increasing the nature and degree of autonomy - allowing our systems to make and act on their own decisions as directed by mission teams - enables new science capabilities and enhances science return. The 2011 Planetary Science Decadal Survey (PSDS) and on-going pre-Decadal mission studies have identified increased autonomy as a core technology required for future missions. However, even as scientific discovery has necessitated the development of autonomous systems and past flight demonstrations have been successful, institutional barriers have limited its maturation and infusion on existing planetary missions. Consequently, the authors and endorsers of this paper recommend that new programmatic pathways be developed to infuse autonomy, infrastructure for support autonomous systems be invested in, new practices be adopted, and the cost-saving value of autonomy for operations be studied.
CYCLIC BEHAVIOR OF A DENSE NONPLASTIC SILT

It is a well known fact that density of granular soils is increased after being subjected to seismic loading. Densification leads to settlements in deeper layers while they are dominantly differential. Foundation systems and shallow buried structures are affected from the possible damage due to settlements induced by seismic action. Since studies on liquefaction behavior of silts is limited, it was considered to carry out an experimental study for evaluation of strength behavior of silts under cyclic loading conditions and post-liquefaction settlements. Tests were carried out on specimens at a relative density of 80%, by application of constant level sinusoidal stresses under a frequency of 0.1 Hz. As a consequence, cyclic behavior of a dense silt is experimentally determined and evaluated using ten different cyclic stress ratio values.