Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Epitaxial Lift-Off of Single-Junction GaAs Solar Cell Grown via Hydride Vapor Phase Epitaxy

Hydride vapor phase epitaxy (HVPE) is attracting attention as a technique for fabricating low-cost III–V solar cells (SCs). To further reduce the manufacturing cost, the substrate must be reused via epitaxial lift-off (ELO) with AlAs as the release layer. However, there is a technical issue in growing Al containing materials because aluminum monochlorides react with the HVPE reactor. Here, we demonstrate the growth of AlAs via HVPE using aluminum trichlorides generated by the reaction between Al metal and HCl gas at a temperature of <500 °C. Furthermore, we present the performance of HVPE-grown GaAs SC after ELO process.
Effects of dietary calcium levels on growth and tissue mineralization in Japanese seabass, Lateolabrax japonicus

A feeding trial was conducted to investigate the effects of different levels of calcium (Ca) on growth and tissue mineralization in Japanese seabass, Lateolabrax japonicus. Six experimental diets were formulated to contain different levels of Ca (2.9, 4.2, 6.5, 7.9, 10.2 and 31.0 g kg−1) from dietary ingredients and Ca-lactate·5H2O. The diets were fed to three triplicate groups of Japanese seabass (initial weight, 12.5 ± 0.0 g) for 56 days. Dietary Ca had no significant effect on survival or feed efficiency; however, the highest Ca (31.0 g kg−1) diet significantly reduced weight gain, feeding rate and whole-body and muscle protein and lipid contents, as well as serum Ca concentration and alkaline phosphatase activity. A significant reduction in vertebral Ca, P, Zn, Fe and Mn contents and scale Ca, P, Mg and Mn contents was observed in Japanese seabass as dietary Ca level increased. Deformed fish were primarily found in the 2.9 and 31.0 g Ca kg−1 groups, indicating that these fish had poor bone mineralization.
Computer based simulation of optical wireless communications for the development of optimized error protection and correction schemes

Commercial application of optical wireless communications is currently limited to the area of short range near ground connections, like networks between buildings over a few kilometers. For other areas of application, like data downlinks from flying platforms, demonstrations have been done, but commercial systems for long range communications over many kilometers are not yet available for general usage. The biggest challenge for reliable optical communications is to mitigate the fading of the received optical signal. A possible solution is to implement error protection and correction mechanisms for securing transmitted data. In this dissertation a simplified channel model is developed which can be used for computer based simulation. This simplified channel model is then used for the evaluation of error protection and correction mechanisms applied to the optical wireless channel. Finally generally proposed communication scenarios are evaluated if optical wireless communication is possible, based on the developed channel model. The results show that the combination of forward error correction and selective repeat automatic repeat request protocols can be used to realize reliable optical communication links in all proposed scenarios, even the most challenging ones. The back channel traffic for automatic repeat request protocols leads to a significant reduction of the transmittable user data rate in worst-case scenarios and has to be taken into account for the system design. The developed simulation approach can be used to optimize protocols for the optical wireless channel in order to reduce the load on the back channel and the over all required memory.
Study on Karyotype of Streptopelia Chinensis and Columba Livia Domestica

This study reports the karyotype of streptopelia chinensis and columba livia domestica.The formula of the karyotype of streptopelia chinensis is 2N=80=12M+2ST+64T+Zm+Wm.The formula of the karyotype of Columba Livia Domestica is 2N=80=28M+2ST+48T+Zm+Wm.Both of them include 10 pairs of macro-chromosomes and 30 pairs of micro-chromosomes.Similar to streptopelia orientalis and streptoptlia decaocto,columba livia and streptopelia chinensis have 3 pairs of biggest autosomes,and both Z chromosome and W chromosomes are metacentric chromosomes.The size of the Z and W chromosomes are located at 4th.The general characteristics sharing by most bird's karyotype display distinct homogeneity and conservations.
The Relationship among Purpose Classification, Purpose Engagement, and Purpose Commitment in Low Socioeconomic Status and Ethnically Diverse Adolescents.

Despite the intuitive appeal of purpose as a subject of inquiry and its associations with positive life outcomes, empirical research on adolescent purpose is limited. This exploratory study examined several dimensions of purpose—classification, engagement, and commitment—based on essay and survey responses from a sample of 124 low-SES and ethnically diverse 7thand 8th-grade students from an urban-based New Jersey public middle school. It was hypothesized that students who indicated having an integrated purpose that touched on and reinforced multiple life domains, along with active engagement with their purpose, would be more committed to their purpose. The data illustrated that students who described themselves as engaging with their purpose scored higher on purpose commitment, as measured by the Modified Purpose Scale, than students who did not indicate purpose engagement, suggesting that active engagement with a purpose might be an important factor in the level of commitment youth feel toward their purpose. Students did not significantly differ on their purpose classification (i.e., one purpose, parallel purpose, integrated purpose, no purpose), purpose engagement, or purpose commitment, by grade, gender, or ethnicity. Additionally, their purpose commitment, as measured by the Modified Purpose Scale and Modified Short Grit Scale, did not differ by purpose classification. Limitations and further implications of this study, as well as suggestions for future research are also addressed.
Allelopathic effects of Eupatorium adenophorum Spreng.on seed germination and seedling growth in ten herbaceous species

It was hypothesized that allelopathy played an important role in biological invasion.Eupatorium adenophorum Spreng.has allelochemicals,which could inhibit seed germination of some species,such as pea,sensitive to allelochemicals.But we knew little about the effect of E.adenopherum's allelochemicals on species competing directly with it during the early stage of its invasion.Furthermore,the relationship between allelopathy and invasiveness was not known in E.adenopherum. In this study we determined the effects of aqueous leaf extract of E.adenopherum on seed germination and seedling growth in five herbaceous species competing directly with it during the early stage of its invasion, and five pasture species introduced to replace E.adenopherum. We discussed the relationships between allelopathy and invasiveness,replacement control of E.adenopherum. The aqueous leaf extract of E.adenopherum could inhibit seed germination and seedling growth in all the ten species,and its effect was concentration dependent,increasing with the increase of concentration.The high concentration extract could reduce seed germination rate and germination speed,radicle and hypocotyl growth,seedling dry mass,and increase malondialdehyde content.Seed germination speed was more sensitive to the extract than seed germination rate,which might be the most sensitive index to judge allelopathy,among parameters mentioned above.Sensitivity to the leaf extract was different among the species tested in this study,Chloris gayana,Trifolium repens,Ixeridium gracile and Mariscus cyperinus were sensitive to E.adenopherum's allelochemicals,but Medicago sativa was not.
Using response times to speech-in-noise to measure the influence of noise reduction on listening effort

Single microphone noise reduction (NR) can lead to a subjective benefit even when there is no objective improvement in speech intelligibility. A possible explanation lies in a reduction of listening effort. In a previous study, we showed that response times (a proxy for listening effort) to a simple arithmetic task with spoken digits in noise were reduced (i.e., improved) by NR for normal-hearing (NH) listeners. In the current study we complemented the data set with data from twelve hearing-impaired (HI) listeners, the target group for NR. Subjects were asked to add the first and third digit of a digit triplet in noise. Response times to this task were measured, subjective listening effort was rated, and speech intelligibility of the stimuli was tested. Stimuli were presented at three signal-to-noise ratios (SNR; -5, 0, +5 dB) and in quiet. Stimuli were either processed with ideal or non-ideal NR, or unprocessed. In contrast to the previous results with NH listeners, a significant effect of NR on response times was for HI listeners restricted to conditions where speech intelligibility was also affected (-5 dB SNR). We cannot confirm a positive effect on response times to speech-in-noise after applying NR for HI listeners.
The Break Dormancy and Quantity of Abscisic Acid in Kobresia Willd

在采用不同药剂处理破除嵩草种子休眠的基础上,利用高效液相色谱测定嵩草种子中脱落酸含量变化,探讨影响嵩草种子休眠的因素. 结果表明:40%的NaOH处理使矮生嵩草及高山嵩草种子的发芽率达到最高,分别为56. 00%和46. 00%. 处理前种子中的脱落酸含量分别为3. 451和4. 571 μg/g,处理后脱落酸含量分别为1. 225和1. 813 μg/g,分别下降了64. 50%和60. 34%.
Comparative Study on Growth and Developmental Model of Hetian Chicken

The body weight of 0 ～ 17-week-old Hetian chickens was measured,and three models(Gompertz,Logistic and Von Bertalanffy) were used to simulate the growth and developmental curve of Hetian chickens.The results showed that these three models could well simulate the growth curves of female and male Hetian chickens,and their simulative degrees were higher than 0.997. Logistic model had the best simulative effect among three models.The simulative results of Logistic model were obtained as follows: the inflection age of the male chicken was 9.9 weeks and its body weight at inflection age was 965.1 g;while the inflection age of the female chicken was 10.2 weeks and its body weight at inflection age was 834.5 g.
Phylogeny of Philornis Meinert species (Diptera: Muscidae)

This study presents a cladistic analysis of the Neotropical Philornis species based on morphological characters of adults and larvae, as well as biological data on larvae. Forty-one species of Philornis were used in the analysis, which was based on a total of 64 characters and included six outgroup taxa, half of which belong to Passeromyia Rodhain & Villeneuve, an Old World genus that shows the same variety of associations with birds as Philornis. Four most parsimonious cladograms (242 steps in length; ci=30; ri=69) were produced. According to the analysis, the genus Philornis is supported by the following synapomorphies (adults): only the pre-scutellar pair of acrostichal postsutural setae developed and setulae on anepimeron present. The resulting phylogenetic hypothesis (strict consensus) shows a basal polytomy that includes the species that traditionally correspond to the “aitkeni-group”. This group is mainly defined by male characters, which are known for only about half of these species. The next clade is divided into two others, the first one supported by the homoplasies: cheek hairs yellow; setulae on anepimeron black on upper half and yellow on lower half and proepimeral hairs yellow. This group traditionally corresponds to the “falsificus-group” and more data on the biology of the species will certainly clarify and/or confirm their relationships. Philornis downsi Dodge & Aitken is the sister group of all the remaining Philornis species. This third clade corresponds to the “angustifrons-group”, defined in this analysis by the following synapomorphies: concave shape of posterior end of puparium and the median width of female frons. These “traditional” groups, the relationships among the species and their evolutionary trends are discussed.
Parents’ Perception of Their 2–10-Year-Old Children’s Contribution to The Dyadic Parent-Child Relationship in Terms of Positive and Negative Behaviors

Parent-child relationship is developed and changed through reciprocal interactions between a child and his/her parent, and these interactions can strongly influence the child’s development across domains (e.g., emotional, physical, and intellectual). However, little is known about the parental perception of the child’s contribution to the dyadic parent-child relationship in terms of positive and negative behaviors. We therefore aimed to develop and validate an economical parent-report instrument to assess these important aspects. The validation study included 1642 mothers (Mage = 37.1) and 1068 fathers (Mage = 40.4) of 1712 children aged 2–10 years (Mage = 6.6) who completed the new instrument, the Child Relationship Behavior Inventory (CRBI). Statistical results indicated that the CRBI is a reliable and valid measure. Mothers reported more positive child behaviors towards them, whereas fathers perceived fewer problems with problematic relationship behavior than mothers. In their parents’ perception, girls showed more positive and less problematic relationship behaviors than boys. The frequency of problematic child relationship behavior significantly decreased with increasing child age while positive relationship behavior did not show any correlation with the child’s age. To assess both positive and negative child relationship behaviors could be helpful to better understand the relevance of these different aspects for the development of the parent-child relationship.
Slowdown of the Walker circulation at solar cycle maximum

Significance Influences of the 11-y solar cycle (SC) on climate have been speculated, but here we provide robust evidence that the SC affects decadal variability in the tropical Pacific. By analyzing independent observations, we demonstrate a slowdown of the Pacific Walker Circulation (PWC) at SC maximum. We find a muted hydrological cycle at solar maximum that weakens the PWC and this is amplified by a Bjerknes feedback. Given that a similar muted hydrological cycle has been simulated under increased greenhouse gas forcing, our results strengthen confidence in model predictions of a weakened PWC in a warmer climate. The results also suggest that SC forcing is a source of skill for decadal predictions in the Indo-Pacific region. The Pacific Walker Circulation (PWC) fluctuates on interannual and multidecadal timescales under the influence of internal variability and external forcings. Here, we provide observational evidence that the 11-y solar cycle (SC) affects the PWC on decadal timescales. We observe a robust reduction of east–west sea-level pressure gradients over the Indo-Pacific Ocean during solar maxima and the following 1–2 y. This reduction is associated with westerly wind anomalies at the surface and throughout the equatorial troposphere in the western/central Pacific paired with an eastward shift of convective precipitation that brings more rainfall to the central Pacific. We show that this is initiated by a thermodynamical response of the global hydrological cycle to surface warming, further amplified by atmosphere–ocean coupling, leading to larger positive ocean temperature anomalies in the equatorial Pacific than expected from simple radiative forcing considerations. The observed solar modulation of the PWC is supported by a set of coupled ocean–atmosphere climate model simulations forced only by SC irradiance variations. We highlight the importance of a muted hydrology mechanism that acts to weaken the PWC. Demonstration of this mechanism acting on the 11-y SC timescale adds confidence in model predictions that the same mechanism also weakens the PWC under increasing greenhouse gas forcing.
Constructing a hybrid hierarchical value map to understand young people’s perceptions of social networking sites

ABSTRACT Based on the means–end chains (MECs) and push–pull–mooring (PPM) model, this study aims to reveal the functional attributes of Facebook (FB) and Instagram (IG), classify them into the PPM model (i.e. push, pull, and mooring effect) and integrate the nature of MECs (i.e. attribute–consequence–value linkages) to examine young people’s perceptions of FB and IG and their switching intentions. Mixed methods, including qualitative and quantitative approaches are employed to gather data in Taiwan. Sixty-two one-on-one in-depth interviews were content-analysed to design the survey questionnaire. A total of 457 valid samples were collected to establish a hybrid hierarchical value map (HVM) for MEC and PPM analyses. The hybrid HVM shows that ‘privacy protection’ and ‘information collection’ are push effects, which are the unfavourable factors of FB that push users to migrate to IG. By contrast, ‘visual interaction’, ‘relationship maintenance’, and ‘expanding friendship ties’ are pull effects favourable to IG that encourage FB users to migrate. Moreover, ‘self-expression’ and ‘message seeding’ belonging to mooring effects are factors that discourage FB users from migrating. Valuable insights may be provided for the design and improvement of social networking sites by understanding the hybrid HVM.
Sequence and expression levels of circular RNAs in progenitor cell types during mouse corticogenesis

This study identifies circular RNAs (circRNAs) in specific cell types of the developing mammalian cortex. This resource addresses the complexity and potential significance of this elusive class of transcripts. Circular (circ) RNAs have recently emerged as a novel class of transcripts whose identification and function remain elusive. Among many tissues and species, the mammalian brain is the organ in which circRNAs are more abundant and first evidence of their functional significance started to emerge. Yet, even within this well-studied organ, annotation of circRNAs remains fragmentary, their sequence is unknown, and their expression in specific cell types was never investigated. Overcoming these limitations, here we provide the first comprehensive identification of circRNAs and assessment of their expression patterns in proliferating neural stem cells, neurogenic progenitors, and newborn neurons of the developing mouse cortex. Extending the current knowledge about the diversity of this class of transcripts by the identification of nearly 4,000 new circRNAs, our study is the first to provide the full sequence information and expression patterns of circRNAs in cell types representing the lineage of neurogenic commitment. We further exploited our data by evaluating the coding potential, evolutionary conservation, and biogenesis of circRNAs that we found to arise from a specific subclass of linear mRNAs. Our study provides the arising field of circRNA biology with a powerful new resource to address the complexity and potential biological significance of this new class of transcripts.
Research Progress in Microbial Alkaline Protease

The current research status of microbial alkaline protease and its application at home and abroad were summarized. The producing strains, gene structure and properties of the alkaline protease, the screening and culturing of engineering strains with high production of the alkaline protease were introduced and the develop of alkaline protease was forecasted according to current applications studies.
Loss of miR-451a enhances SPARC production during myogenesis

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNAs that critically regulate gene expression. Their abundance and function have been linked to a range of physiologic and pathologic processes. In aged monkey muscle, miR-451a and miR-144-3p were far more abundant than in young monkey muscle. This observation led us to hypothesize that miR-451a and miR-144-3p may influence muscle homeostasis. To test if these conserved microRNAs were implicated in myogenesis, we investigated their function in the mouse myoblast line C2C12. The levels of both microRNAs declined with myogenesis; however, only overexpression of miR-451a, but not miR-144-3p, robustly impeded C2C12 differentiation, suggesting an inhibitory role for miR-451a in myogenesis. Further investigation of the regulatory influence of miR-451a identified as one of the major targets Sparc mRNA, which encodes a secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC) that functions in wound healing and cellular differentiation. In mouse myoblasts, miR-451a suppressed Sparc mRNA translation. Together, our findings indicate that miR-451a is downregulated in differentiated myoblasts and suggest that it decreases C2C12 differentiation at least in part by suppressing SPARC biosynthesis.
High-Throughput Fluorescence Polarization Assay to Identify Ligands Using Purified G Protein-Coupled Receptor

The development of cell-free high-throughput (HT) methods to screen and select novel lead compounds remains one of the key challenges in G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) drug discovery. Mutational approaches have allowed the stabilization of GPCRs in a purified and ligand-free state. The increased intramolecular stability overcomes two major drawbacks for usage in in vitro screening, the low receptor density on cells and the low stability in micelles. Here, an HT fluorescence polarization (FP) assay for the neurotensin receptor type 1 (NTS1) was developed. The assay operates in a 384-well format and is tolerant to DMSO. From a library screen of 1272 compounds, 12 (~1%) were identified as primary hits. These compounds were validated in orthogonal assay formats using surface plasmon resonance (SPR), which confirmed binding of seven compounds (0.6%). One of these compounds showed a clear preference for the orthosteric binding pocket with submicromolar affinity. A second compound revealed binding at a nonorthosteric binding region and showed specific biological activity on NTS1-expressing cells. A search of analogs led to further enhancement of affinity, but at the expense of activity. The identification of GPCR ligands in a cell-free assay should allow the expansion of GPCR pharmaceuticals with antagonistic or agonistic activity.
Generally applicable transcriptome-wide analysis of translation using anota2seq

Abstract mRNA translation plays an evolutionarily conserved role in homeostasis and when dysregulated contributes to various disorders including metabolic and neurological diseases and cancer. Notwithstanding that optimal and universally applicable methods are critical for understanding the complex role of translational control under physiological and pathological conditions, approaches to analyze translatomes are largely underdeveloped. To address this, we developed the anota2seq algorithm which outperforms current methods for statistical identification of changes in translation. Notably, in contrast to available analytical methods, anota2seq also allows specific identification of an underappreciated mode of gene expression regulation whereby translation acts as a buffering mechanism which maintains protein levels despite fluctuations in corresponding mRNA abundance (‘translational buffering’). Thus, the universal anota2seq algorithm allows efficient and hitherto unprecedented interrogation of translatomes which is anticipated to advance knowledge regarding the role of translation in homeostasis and disease.