Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Differential roles of right temporal cortex and broca's area in pitch processing: Evidence from music and mandarin

Superior temporal and inferior frontal cortices are involved in the processing of pitch information in the domain of language and music. Here, we used fMRI to test the particular roles of these brain regions in the neural implementation of pitch in music and in tone language (Mandarin) with a group of Mandarin speaking musicians whose pertaining experiences in pitch are similar across domains. Our findings demonstrate that the neural network for pitch processing includes the pars triangularis of Broca's area and the right superior temporal gyrus (STG) across domains. Within this network, pitch sensitive activation in Broca's area is tightly linked to the behavioral performance of pitch congruity judgment, thereby reflecting controlled processes. Activation in the right STG is independent of performance and more sensitive to pitch congruity in music than in tone language, suggesting a domain‐specific modulation of the perceptual processes. These observations provide a first glimpse at the cortical pitch processing network shared across domains. Hum Brain Mapp 34:2045–2054, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
WebMap: Concept Mapping on the Web

Concept maps have long provided visual languages widely used in many different disciplines and application domains. This article reports experience in taking an existing open architecture concept mapping tool and making it available on the Web in a number of ways: as a client helper downloading and uploading concept maps; as an active controller of the browser, indexing multimedia material through URLs embedded in concept maps; as a concept map creator controlled by the browser, generating concept maps through the browsing process; and as an auxiliary HTTP server making concept maps available as clickable maps for users who do not have the client helper or want to use active concept maps embedded in documents.
Practice of Epidemiology Dynamic Path Analysis in Life-Course Epidemiology

Life-course epidemiology seeks to better understand the mechanisms that lead to the development of chronic diseases. An example is the mechanism leading from body size to coronary heart disease (CHD); one way to acquire a better understanding of this mechanism is to investigate to what extent it works through other risk factors. In this paper, the dynamic path analysis model is presented as a tool to analyze these dynamic mechanisms in life-course epidemiology. A key feature of dynamic path analysis is its ability to decompose the total effect of a risk factor into a direct effect (not mediated by other variables) and indirect effects (mediated through other variables). This is illustrated by examining the associations between repeated measurements of body mass index (BMI) and systolic blood pressure (SBP) and the risk of CHD in a sample of Danish men between 1976 and 2006. The effect of baseline BMI on the risk of CHD is decomposed into a direct effect and indirect effects going through later BMI, concurrent SBP, or later SBP. In conclusion, dynamic path analysis is a flexible tool that by the decomposition of effects can be used to increase the understanding of mechanisms that underlie the etiology of chronic disease.
A Slope One and Clustering based Collaborative Filtering Algorithm

Collaborative filtering is the most successful and widely used technology in E-commerce recommendation system. However, the traditional collaborative filtering recommendation algorithm faces severe problems of sparse user ratings and poor scalability. Slope One algorithm can reduce the sparsity of ratings, improve the recommendation accuracy, but with the growth of users and items, the running time increases rapidly. In this paper, we first introduce the feature similarity into Slope One algorithm, then combine it with ants clustering algorithm, thus reliving the influence of rating sparsity, improving the searching speed, and reducing the searching costs. Experimental results show that the new algorithm can efficiently improve recommendation quality.
Flavin Mononucleotide-Based Fluorescent Proteins Function in Mammalian Cells without Oxygen Requirement

Usage of the enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP) in living mammalian cells is limited to aerobic conditions due to requirement of oxygen during chromophore formation. Since many diseases or disease models are associated with acute or chronic hypoxia, eGFP-labeling of structures of interest in experimental studies might be unreliable leading to biased results. Thus, a chromophore yielding a stable fluorescence under hypoxic conditions is desirable. The fluorescence of flavin mononucleotide (FMN)-based fluorescent proteins (FbFPs) does not require molecular oxygen. Recently, the advantages of FbFPs for several bacterial strains and yeasts were described, specifically, their usage as a real time fluorescence marker in bacterial expression studies and their ability of chromophore formation under anaerobic conditions. Our objective was to verify if FbFPs also function in mammalian cells in order to potentially broaden the repertoire of chromophores with ones that can reliably be used in mammalian studies under hypoxic conditions. In the present study, we demonstrate for the first time, that FbFPs can be expressed in different mammalian cells, among them murine neural stem cells during proliferative and differentiated stages. Fluorescence intensities were comparable to eGFP. In contrast to eGFP, the FbFP fluorescence did not decrease when cells were exposed to defined hypoxic conditions neither in proliferating nor in differentiated cells. Thus, FbFPs can be regarded as an alternative to eGFP in studies that target cellular structures which are exposed to hypoxic conditions.
A novel hypothesis splitting method implementation for multi-hypothesis filters

The paper presents a multi-hypothesis filter library featuring a novel method for splitting Gaussians into ones with smaller variances. The library is written in C++ for high performance and the source code is open and free1. The multi-hypothesis filters commonly approximate the distribution transformations better, if the covariances of the individual hypotheses are sufficiently small. We propose a look-up table based method to calculate a set of Gaussian hypotheses approximating a wider Gaussian in order to improve the filter approximation. Python bindings for the library are also provided for fast prototyping.
Recovering erroneous data bits using error estimating code

Error correction techniques play an important role to guarantee reliable communication in wireless networks. The widely used error-correcting codes (ECCs) such as Hamming code introduce the benefit of error correction without retransmitting the data packet, but they suffer from high redundancy and communication overhead. In the recent years, error estimating code (EEC) was proposed to estimate the bit-error-rate (BER) of a packet efficiently with very low data redundancy. However, the ability of error correction using EEC remains unexplored. In this paper, we argue that EEC can be used to recover erroneous bits from the data packet. To show the capacity of error recovery with EEC, we propose an error correction scheme based on the parity check information provided by the EEC bits. We first introduce a filtering algorithm to rule out the correct data bits and obtain a set of suspicious bits containing most of the errors. Then we apply a polynomial randomized algorithm called Rand_flipping to examine the suspicious bits and flip the most promising erroneous bits aiming to minimize the total numbers of errors in the packet. Theoretical analysis proves that under some constraints the proposed Rand_flipping algorithm can correct most of the erroneous bits with probability higher than 1-1/e. Extensive experiments based on a real WiFi trace are conducted, which shows that the proposed algorithm corrects over 80% erroneous bits of the trace in practice.
Bis[N-benzyl-2-(quinolin-8-yloxy)acetamide]dichloridocopper(II) acetonitrile solvate monohydrate

In the title complex, [CuCl2(C18H16N2O2)2]·CH3CN·H2O, the six-coordinated Cu atom is in a distorted octahedral geometry with the donor centers of two O atoms and two N atom from two bidentate ligands, and two chloride ions. In the crystal, pairs of intermolecular N—H⋯ Cl hydrogen bonds form centrosymmetric dimers and intermolecular O—H⋯ O hydrogen bonds between the ligand and the uncoordinated water molecules link the dimers into chains parallel to the c axis.
Availability of audiological equipment and protocols for paediatric assessment and hearing aid fitting in Gauteng, South Africa.

BACKGROUND Accurate diagnosis and management of hearing loss (HL) is based on valid and accurate ear-specific and frequency-specific information. This is especially relevant as non-optimal hearing amplification as part of early hearing detection and intervention programmes may result in further delays in the speech and language development of children with HL. Audiological measures utilised may vary according to the age, cognitive ability and physical ability of the infant or child. It is therefore important to compare and critically evaluate current clinical practice in order to recommend guidelines for paediatric audiology in South Africa. OBJECTIVES To determine the availability of audiological equipment and clinical protocols used by audiologists in Gauteng for paediatric audiological assessment and hearing aid (HA) fitting. METHOD A descriptive, cross-sectional survey research design was utilised to describe the availability of clinical audiological equipment and protocols used by audiologists in Gauteng, South Africa for paediatric assessment and HA fitting. Eighteen audiology departments, eleven public hospitals and seven private practices were included in the study. RESULTS Results revealed the limited availability of departmental protocols within departments for paediatric assessment and HA fitting. Although there appeared to be a wide variety of equipment available to audiologists in public sector hospitals and private practice, a lack of high-frequency tympanometers and equipment for real ear measurements was revealed. CONCLUSION These findings highlight the need for the development and use of current, evidence-based practice guidelines for paediatric audiological assessment and HA fitting in South Africa. These guidelines should include a list of essential equipment required for paediatric assessment and HA fitting. Current, evidence-based practice guidelines for paediatric HA fitting are important in ensuring that secondary developmental delays associated with a delay in early intervention for children with HL are reduced.
Plasmonic measurements of monoclonal antibody self‐association using self‐interaction nanoparticle spectroscopy

One of the most significant challenges in developing therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) is their unpredictable solubilities and viscosities at the high concentrations required for subcutaneous delivery. This challenge has motivated the development of screening assays that rapidly identify mAb variants with minimal self‐association propensities and/or formulation conditions that suppress mAb self‐association. Here we report an improved version of self‐interaction nanoparticle spectroscopy (SINS) capable of characterizing both repulsive and attractive self‐interactions between diverse mAbs. The basis of SINS is that self‐interactions between mAbs immobilized on gold nanoparticles increase (repulsion) or decrease (attraction) interparticle distances, which shift the wavelength of maximum absorbance (plasmon wavelength) in opposite directions. We find that the robustness of SINS is improved by varying the amount of immobilized mAb by co‐adsorbing a polyclonal antibody. The slopes of the plasmon wavelength shifts as a function of the amount of immobilized mAb (0.01–0.1 mg/mL) are correlated with diffusion interaction parameters measured at two to three orders of magnitude higher antibody concentrations. The ability of SINS to rapidly screen mAb self‐association in a microplate format using dilute mAb solutions makes it well suited for use in diverse settings ranging from antibody discovery to formulation. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2014;111: 1513–1520. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Analysis and Improvements over DoS Attacks against IEEE 802.11i Standard

To improve the ability of system providing service when encounter malicious invasion, a new model of tolerance invasion system is given based on dynamic threshold encryption. The real-time detection of the model is realized by the Collaboration between servers and hosts. The sensitive data in the system apply dynamic threshold encryption, and can change their share with the distribution. The model has such as distribution, self-adaptability, fault tolerance, dynamic and expansibility features to ensure that the system has a higher level of safety.
Symbolic Consumption and Consumer Identity: An Application of Social Identity Theory to Car Purchase Behaviour

This study applies Social Identity Theory (SIT) to consumer behaviour, and examines how individuals use the product category of cars as a mechanism to create and maintain their social identity. Five car dealership managers and 22 new car owners were interviewed, and 85 new car owners were administered a quantitative survey. Participants did undertake social identification based on car ownership. SUV owners, in particular, identified with their ownership in-group more than other car owners. Cars were used for purposes of social categorisation and for esteem-enhancement.
On achieving maximum multicast throughput in undirected networks

The transmission of information within a data network is constrained by the network topology and link capacities. In this paper, we study the fundamental upper bound of information dissemination rates with these constraints in undirected networks, given the unique replicable and encodable properties of information flows. Based on recent advances in network coding and classical modeling techniques in flow networks, we provide a natural linear programming formulation of the maximum multicast rate problem. By applying Lagrangian relaxation on the primal and the dual linear programs (LPs), respectively, we derive a) a necessary and sufficient condition characterizing multicast rate feasibility, and b) an efficient and distributed subgradient algorithm for computing the maximum multicast rate. We also extend our discussions to multiple communication sessions, as well as to overlay and ad hoc network models. Both our theoretical and simulation results conclude that, network coding may not be instrumental to achieve better maximum multicast rates in most cases; rather, it facilitates the design of significantly more efficient algorithms to achieve such optimality.
Analysis of Software Delivery Process Shortcomings and Architectural Pitfalls

This paper highlights the common pitfalls of overcomplicating the software architecture, development and delivery process by examining two enterprise level web application products built using Microsoft.Net framework. The aim of this paper is to identify, discuss and analyze architectural, development and deployment issues and learn lessons using real world examples from the chosen software products as case studies.
The Effect of Changing the Vapor Flux on Physical Properties of Nanocrystaline CdTe Thin Film, Prepared by Thermal Evaporation Method

In the present investigation, seven Cadmium Telluride (CdTe) thin films with thickness of 350nm have been prepared by vacuum thermal evaporation technique. One of them was deposited by conventional vacuum thermal evaporation technique, while six others were deposited with applying a novel vapor flow controlling system. Placing this equipment in the way of vapor flux from the source to the substrate cut the depositing flux of vapor periodically and can change the way of vapor flux. It led to considerable change of optical properties, nanocrystalline structure, and also stochiometery of the thin films. All the samples showed nanocrystalline structure. A considerable increase in absorption coefficient was observed at 520nm wavelength of light, from 5.5 ×104 cm-1 for the sample prepared with conventional vacuum thermal evaporation technique to 9.8×104 cm-1 for a sample which prepared by applying mentioned equipment. The most considerable change in the bandgap, grain size and Te/Cd ratio were 1.54 eV to 1.66 eV, 40nm to 15nm, and 56/44 to 60/40 respectively. The optical parameters such as absorption coefficient, bandgap, refractive index, and structural parameters such as texture coefficient, preferential orientation factor and crystallite size of samples were obtained. Also EDAX and FESEM result of samples were compared with each other in this study.
Trajectories of maternal depression: a 27-year population-based prospective study

Aims. To identify distinct trajectories of depression experienced by a population-based sample of women over a 27-year period and to assess the validity of the derived trajectories. Method. The Mater University of Queensland Study of Pregnancy is a birth cohort study which commenced in 1981. Women (N = 6753) were interviewed at their first clinic visit, at 6 months, then 5, 14, 21 and 27 years after the birth of their child, using the Delusions Symptoms – States Inventory. Some 3561 (52.7%) women were followed up at 27 years, with 3337 (49.4%) of the sample completing the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI). Depression trajectories over a 27-year period were identified using Latent Class Growth Modelling (LCGM). LCGM was used to identify respondents with similar patterns of depression over a 27-year period. At the 27-year follow-up women who completed the CIDI, were stratified according to their trajectory group membership. Results. Three trajectory groups, each with different life-course patterns of depression were identified. The low/no symptoms of depression trajectory group comprised 48.4% of women. The mid-depression group (41.7%) had a consistent pattern of occasional symptoms of depression. The high/escalating trajectory group comprised 9.9% of the women in the study. We then examined each trajectory group based on their completion of the CIDI at the 27-year follow-up. Using the CIDI, 27.0% of women in the study had met the DSM-IV criteria for lifetime ever depression by their mean age of 46.5 years. The responses to the CIDI differed greatly for each of the trajectory groups, suggesting that the trajectories validly reflect different life histories of depression. The high/escalating trajectory group had an earlier age of first onset, more frequent episodes, longer duration of each episode of depression and experienced higher levels of impairment for their episodes of depression. For the high symptoms trajectory group, clinically significant depression is estimated to be experienced by women almost one in every 6 days of their life. Conclusion. While symptoms of depression are commonly experienced in a large community-based sample of women, a minority of women experience many episodes of depression in their lifetime. It is this group of women who are most impaired and should be of most concern, and who should be the main target of prevention and treatment initiatives.
The Role of Health Care Provider and Partner Decisional Support in Patients’ Cancer Treatment Decision-Making Satisfaction

Cancer patients rely on multiple sources of support when making treatment decisions; however, most research studies examine the influence of health care provider support while the influence of family member support is understudied. The current study fills this gap by examining the influence of health care providers and partners on decision-making satisfaction. In a cross-sectional study via an online Qualtrics panel, we surveyed cancer patients who reported that they had a spouse or romantic partner when making cancer treatment decisions (n = 479). Decisional support was measured using 5-point, single-item scales for emotional support, informational support, informational-advice support, and appraisal support. Decision-making satisfaction was measured using Holmes-Rovner and colleagues’ (1996) Satisfaction With Decision Scale. We conducted a mediated regression analysis to examine treatment decision-making satisfaction for all participants and a moderated mediation analysis to examine treatment satisfaction among those patients offered a clinical trial. Results indicated that partner support significantly and partially mediated the relationship between health care provider support and patients’ decision-making satisfaction but that results did not vary by enrollment in a clinical trial. This study shows how and why decisional support from partners affects communication between health care providers and cancer patients.
Stream-based macro-programming of wireless sensor, actuator network applications with SOSNA

Wireless sensor, actuator networks distinguish themselves from wireless sensor networks by the need to coordinate actuators' actions, real-time constraints on communication and the frequently feedback-based nature of computation performed in the network. In this paper we propose a functional macro-programming language, SOSNA, that employs the stream programming paradigm to concisely specify data transformations in the network so that wireless sensor actuator network (WSAN) application developers can focus on higher-level control-oriented problems rather than on designing the way in which communication is organised in the network. SOSNA accommodates a broad class of WSAN coordination models, supports mobility and provides a means of employing feedback for distributed state maintenance. Program execution proceeds in rounds providing real-time guarantees on actuator decision making and synchronisation. In addition, static program semantics permit nodes to switch their radios off to conserve energy.
On Moments of Sets Bounded by Subdivision Surfaces

The volume enclosed by subdivision surfaces, such as Doo-Sabin, Catmull-Clark, and Loop has recently been derived. Moments of higher degree d are more challenging computationally because of the growing number of coefficients in the d + 3-linear forms. We account for the intrinsic symmetries of the tensors, and thereby reduce the complexity of the problem formulation. Our framework allows to compute the 4-linear forms that determine the centroid defined by Doo-Sabin, and Loop surfaces, including Loop with sharp creases. For Doo-Sabin surfaces, we also establish the tensors of rank 5 that determine the inertia for valences 3, and 4. When the subdivision weights are rational, the centroid, and inertia are obtained as exact, symbolic values. In practice, the formulas are restricted to meshes with a certain maximum valence of a vertex.