Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Melatonin Suppresses Macrophage M1 Polarization and ROS-Mediated Pyroptosis via Activating ApoE/LDLR Pathway in Influenza A-Induced Acute Lung Injury

Influenza virus infection is one of the strongest pathogenic factors for the development of acute lung injury (ALI)/ acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). However, the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms have not been clarified. In this study, we aim to investigate whether melatonin modulates macrophage polarization, oxidative stress, and pyroptosis via activating Apolipoprotein E/low-density lipoprotein receptor (ApoE/LDLR) pathway in influenza A-induced ALI. Here, wild-type (WT) and ApoE-/- mice were instilled intratracheally with influenza A (H3N2) and injected intraperitoneally with melatonin for 7 consecutive days. In vitro, WT and ApoE-/- murine bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) were pretreated with melatonin before H3N2 stimulation. The results showed that melatonin administration significantly attenuated H3N2-induced pulmonary damage, leukocyte infiltration, and edema; decreased the expression of proinflammatory M1 markers; enhanced anti-inflammatory M2 markers; and switched the polarization of alveolar macrophages (AMs) from M1 to M2 phenotype. Additionally, melatonin inhibited reactive oxygen species- (ROS-) mediated pyroptosis shown by downregulation of malonaldehyde (MDA) and ROS levels as well as inhibition of the NLRP3/GSDMD pathway and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release. Strikingly, the ApoE/LDLR pathway was activated when melatonin was applied in H3N2-infected macrophages and mice. ApoE knockout mostly abrogated the protective impacts of melatonin on H3N2-induced ALI and its regulatory ability on macrophage polarization, oxidative stress, and pyroptosis. Furthermore, recombinant ApoE3 (re-ApoE3) inhibited H3N2-induced M1 polarization of BMDMs with upregulation of MT1 and MT2 expression, but re-ApoE2 and re-ApoE4 failed to do this. Melatonin combined with re-ApoE3 played more beneficial protective effects on modulating macrophage polarization, oxidative stress, and pyroptosis in H3N2-infected ApoE-/- BMDMs. Our study indicated that melatonin attenuated influenza A- (H3N2-) induced ALI by inhibiting the M1 polarization of pulmonary macrophages and ROS-mediated pyroptosis via activating the ApoE/LDLR pathway. This study suggested that melatonin-ApoE/LDLR axis may serve as a novel therapeutic strategy for influenza virus-induced ALI.
Effect of Chemical Treatment of Sugar Palm Fibre on Rheological and Thermal Properties of the PLA Composites Filament for FDM 3D Printing

The thermal and rheological properties of bio-composite filament materials are crucial characteristics in the development of a bio-composite Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) filament since the printing mechanism of FDM strongly depends on the heating and extrusion process. The effect of chemical treatment on the thermal and rheological properties was investigated to develop composite filaments for FDM using natural fibres such as sugar palm fibre (SPF). SPF underwent alkaline and silane treatment processes before being reinforced with PLA for improving adhesion and removing impurities. Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA), Differential Scanning Calorimetric (DSC), and Melt Flow Index (MFI) analyses were conducted to identify the differences in thermal properties. Meanwhile, a rheological test was conducted to investigate the shear stress and its viscosity. The TGA test shows that the SPF/PLA composite treated with NaOH and silane showed good thermal stability at 789.5 °C with 0.4% final residue. The DSC results indicate that the melting temperature of all samples is slightly the same at 155 °C (in the range of 1 °C), showing that the treatment does not interfere with the melting temperature of the SPF/PLA composite. Thus, the untreated SPF/PLA composite showed the highest degradation temperature, which was 383.2 °C. The SPF/PLA composite treated with NaOH and silane demonstrated the highest melt flow index of 17.6 g/min. In conclusion, these findings offer a reference point for determining the filament extrusion and printability of SPF/PLA composite filaments.
AUTHORITARIAN LEADERSHIP 1 We Have Emotions but Can ’ t Show Them ! Authoritarian Leadership , Emotion Suppression Climate , and Team Performance

How do authoritarian leaders in modern organizations influence work team emotional climate and performance? Defining authoritarian leadership as an ambient, demanding, and controlling leadership style, we conducted a survey study of 252 leaders and 765 subordinates matched in 227 work teams in three large public Japanese organizations. The results indicate that authoritarian leaders are more likely to create a team climate of emotion suppression, which induces higher level of team emotional exhaustion that negatively impacts team performance. Furthermore, we found that authoritarian leaders’ own emotion suppression enhances the above sequential mediation effects, i.e. the more emotion suppression the authoritarian leader him/ herself exercises, the stronger the team climate of emotion suppression, the higher the level of team emotional exhaustion, and the lower the team performance. These findings suggest that leadership effectiveness may be improved if leaders can reduce their authoritarian behaviors and identify appropriate channels for employees to release emotions in the workplace. 1 Peking University, China 2 University of Washington, USA 3 London School of Economics and Political Science, UK 4 Hitotsubashi University, Japan AUTHORITARIAN LEADERSHIP 2
Validation of Accelerometer Thresholds and Inclinometry for Validation of Accelerometer Thresholds and Inclinometry for Measurement of Sedentary Behavior in Young Adult University Measurement of Sedentary Behavior in Young Adult University Students Students

Sedentary behavior (SB) is a major contributing factor to obesity and significant morbidity and mortality in adolescence and into adulthood, yet measuring SB is difficult. The purpose of this study was to assess the degree of construct validity of the ActiGraph GT3X+ inclinometer function and accelerometry metrics in objectively measuring SB and physical activity in young adult university students while performing semi-structured activities: lying, sitting, reading, playing seated video gaming, video watching, seated conversation, standing, stationary biking, and walking. These nine activities were objectively assessed using inclinometry and four output metrics from the ActiGraph based on the axis used to detect activity. Considering overall accuracy in measuring both SB and physical activity, all four accelerometer metrics (94.7%-97.8%) outperformed the inclinometer function (70.9%). While accelerometry was overall more accurate at detecting the behaviors tested, inclinometry had similar or better accuracy than some accelerometry methods at detecting walking, biking, and standing. Using vector magnitude accelerometry with a sedentary threshold of 150 counts per minute was superior to other methods. The findings support use of accelerometry as a valid objective measure of body movement while use of inclinometry as a sole measure is not recommended. Additional research would be beneficial to improve the inclinometer and explore ways of combining this with accelerometer data for objectively measuring SB and physical activity.
Near horizon soft hair as microstates of three dimensional black holes

We provide the first explicit proposal for all microstates of generic black holes in three dimensions (of Banados-Teitelboim-Zanelli type): black hole microstates, termed “horizon fluff,” are a particular class of near horizon soft hairs which have zero energy as measured by the horizon observer and cannot be distinguished by observers at a finite distance from the horizon. These states are arranged in orbits of the two-dimensional conformal algebra associated with the asymptotic black hole geometry. We count these microstates using the Hardy-Ramanujan formula for the number of partitions of a given integer into non-negative integers, recovering the Bekenstein-Hawking entropy. We discuss possible extensions of our black hole microstate construction to astrophysical Kerr-type black holes.
How cold is dark matter? Constraints from Milky Way satellites

We test the luminosity function of Milky Way satellites as a constraint for the nature of dark matter particles. We perform dissipationless high-resolution N-body simulations of the evolution of Galaxy-sized halo in the standard cold dark matter model and in four warm dark matter (WDM) scenarios, with a different choice for the WDM particle mass mw. We then combine the results of the numerical simulations with semi-analytic models for galaxy formation, to infer the properties of the satellite population. Quite surprisingly, we find that even WDM models with relatively low mw values (2–5 keV) are able to reproduce the observed abundance of ultra faint (Mv < −9) dwarf galaxies, as well as the observed relation between luminosity and mass within 300 pc. Our results suggest a lower limit of 1 keV for thermal WDM, in broad agreement with previous results from other astrophysical observations such as Lyman α forest and gravitational lensing.
The asymptotics of the holomorphic analytic torsion forms

The purpose of this paper is to give an asymptotic formula for the holomorphic analytic torsion forms of a fibration associated with a sequence of direct images of increasing powers of a line bundle on a bigger manifold. To handle the growing dimension of the direct images, we use the theory of Toeplitz operators. This is the family versions of the results of Bimsut and Vasserot on the asymptotics of the holomorphic torsion, as well an extension for more general bundles.
Parent Reports of Executive Functions in Students With Learning Disability

This study examines the results of the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function (BRIEF2) (Gioia et al., 2015) reported by parents of children with Specific Learning Disability (LD) and/or other comorbid disabilities. LD is most notably associated with comorbid attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) (Alloway & Stein, 2014; Westby &Watson, 2004; Willcutt et al., 2013). A total of 43 parents completed the BRIEF-2 rating scale. Findings suggest children with LD and ADHD display greater challenges with inhibition, working memory, planning, along with greater challenges in organization and metacognition. Parents of children with LD reported their children have greater levels of executive function difficulties in comparison to children with LD who do not have a secondary diagnosis of ADHD.
Deletion of a Putative GPI-Anchored Protein-Encoding Gene Aog185 Impedes the Growth and Nematode-Trapping Efficiency of Arthrobotrys oligospora by Disrupting Transmembrane Transport Homeostasis

Nematode-trapping fungus (NTF) is a crucial predator of nematodes, which can capture nematodes by developing specific trapping devices. However, there is limited understanding of the role and mechanism of cell surface proteins attached to the surface of mycelia or trapping cells. Here, the effects of a putative GPI-anchored protein-encoding gene Aog185 on the growth and nematode-trapping efficiency of A. oligospora were investigated. Compared to the wild-type (WT) strain, the ΔAog185 mutant grew more slowly, exhibited a 20% decrease in conidiation, delayed conidial germination, generated fewer traps, attenuated nematode trapping efficiency, and was more sensitive to chemical stressors. Transcriptomic analysis indicated that a large number of transmembrane transport-related genes were differentially expressed between the WT and ΔAog185 mutant strains. Aog185 deletion could damage the intrinsic components of the membrane and cytoskeleton. Specifically, knockout of Aog185 disrupted transmembrane transport homeostasis during the phagocytosis, cell autophagy, and oxidative phosphorylation processes, which were associated with the fusion of cells and organelle membranes, transport of ions and substrates, and energy metabolism. Hence, the putative GPI-anchored protein-encoding gene Aog185 may contribute to the lifestyle switch of NTF and nematode capture, and the effect of Aog185 gene on cell transmembrane transport is considered key to this process. Our findings provide new insights into the mechanism of Aog185 gene during the process of nematode trapping by NTF.
CHANDRA AND RXTE OBSERVATIONS OF 1E 1547.0−5408: COMPARING THE 2008 AND 2009 OUTBURSTS

We present results from Chandra X-ray Observatory and Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer (RXTE) observations of the magnetar 1E 1547.0−5408 (SGR J1550−5418) following the source's outbursts in 2008 October and 2009 January. During the time span of the Chandra observations, which covers days 4 through 23 and days 2 through 16 after the 2008 and 2009 events, respectively, the source spectral shape remained stable in the Chandra band, while the pulsar's spin-down rate in the same span in 2008 increased by a factor of 2.2 as measured by RXTE. This suggests decoupling between the source's spin-down and radiative changes, hence between the spin-down-inferred magnetic field strength and that inferred spectrally. The lack of spectral variation during flux decay is surprising for models of magnetar outbursts. We also found a strong anti-correlation between the phase-averaged flux and the pulsed fraction in the 2008 and 2009 Chandra data, but not in the pre-2008 measurements. We discuss these results in the context of the magnetar model.
Biochemical And Heamatological Evaluation Pattern Of Pentostam- Induced Hepatotoxicity And Nephrotoxicity In Albino Mice

This study was designed to examine the effect of different dose of Pentostam administration in male albino mice as a model, to determine their effect on some biochemical and heamatological parameters. 28 adult male of BALB/c wild mice aged 8- 12 weeks and weighing 25-39 gm were used and i.p. injected with 10mg/kg, 20mg/kg, and 40mg/kg pentostam in addition to a control group. After 28 therapeutic days, blood sample were collected from each animal. The result of Biochemical Index of the serum obtained showed that there were increase significant differences between different concentration doses on AST, ALT, ALP, Urea, Creatinine and BUN as compare to control group at (p >0.01). Conversely in case of Albumin and Total protein were the result showed decrease significant difference between different concentration doses on this parameter as compare to control group of the same at (p> 0.01). while no significant differences between the different concentrations group of doses on Total bilirubin, where the F value was (1.00). The result of Hematological Index of blood sample showed that there were decrease significant difference at (P ≤ 0.01-0.05) in hemoglobin, HCT, WBCs, LYM and MON concentration in the different concentrations dose of treatment as compared to control group. Conversely, for MCHC, NEU and EOS there were increase significant difference at (P ≤ 0.05-0.01) as compared to the control group. While no significant changes (P ≤ 0.0-01.05) in the parameters of RBCs, MCV, MCH, BAS count and Platelet were found when compared with control animals. Biochemical and hematological evaluation pattern still an important role to evaluate drug toxicity. However, the results of this study concluded that, different doses of Pentostam can cause hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity. Therefore, it will be important of change in anti-leishmanial regimen to reduce their side effect. Nephrotoxicity is toxic to the kidneys. The present results showed that different doses of Pentostam induced change of Urea, Creatinine and BUN levels with increase the doses of treatment. (Hole, 1992 and Iqbal, 2004). In the previous reports, the results of histological examination of kidney tissues in male wild-type BALB/c mice ranged from showing mild cloudy swelling (reversible hydronephrosis) in the 10 mg/kg pentostam group, to showing stromal clumps of inflammatory cells (nephritis), in the Pentostam 20 mg/kg group, and finally showed the presence of renal tubules and necrosis in the Pentostam 40 mg/kg group Elammari and Sariti, 2021. Similar results obtained by Forhan et al . , where their study showed that hematopoietic tissue necrosis, tubule cell emptying, and capillary dilation Glomerular, endothelial cell degeneration are some of the pathological changes observed in hematopoietic cells. Kidneys from various toxins (Iqbal, 2004). Consequently, in the results of this study, high blood urea levels were observed in animals treated with different doses of pentostam, has an influence on function and indicates kidney damage as well as the level of creatinine
Steady Prandtl layer expansions with external forcing

In this article we apply the machinery developed by Guo and Iyer [Validity of Steady Prandtl Layer Expansions, Comm. Pure Appl. Math. (to appear) (2022)] together with a new compactness estimate and a new quantity, the “degree”, in order to prove validity of steady Prandtl layer expansions with external forcing. The compactness techniques introduced in this article allow us to treat more general background Prandtl layers than Guo and Iyer [Validity of Steady Prandtl Layer Expansions, Comm. Pure Appl. Math. (to appear) (2022)].
The influence of a line with fast diffusion and nonlocal exchange terms on Fisher-KPP propagation

A new model to describe biological invasion influenced by a line with fast diffusion has been introduced by H. Berestycki, J.-M. Roquejoffre and L. Rossi in 2012.The purpose of this article is to present a related model where the line of fast diffusion has a nontrivial range of influence, i.e. the exchanges between the line and the surrounding space has a nontrivial support. We show the existence of a spreading velocity depending on the diffusion on the line. Two intermediate model are also discussed. Then, we try to understand the influence of different exchange terms on this spreading speed. We show that various behaviour may happen, depending on the considered exchange distributions.
A Comparative Analysis of Interpupillary Distance and Corneal Diameter for Assessment of Width of Maxillary Central Incisor Using Digital Photography

Aim - The purposefulness of this study was to establish if a correlation existed between interpupillary distance, corneal diameter, and the width of the maxillary central incisor in selection of teeth . Materials and methods - A total of 120 subjects-60 males and 60 females in the age group 18-26 years were selected based on predetermined selection criteria. On smiling the digital facial image constituting the teeth and the eyes were captured using standardized digital camera. The digital measurements of the interpupillary distance, corneal diameter (medial aperture height, tangential to cornea) and mesiodistal width of maxillary right central incisor in millimeters were analysed using Adobe Photoshop creative cloud software. The data was tabulated , to assess the association between the variables a Karl Pearson’s Coefficient of Correlation was used.Result –Although the Pearson correlation coefficient(PC) was relatively weak (r<0.39) a significant relationship existed between interpupillary distance and (right, left) maxillary central incisor width with p-value <0.01. A negligible positive correlation (r< 0.27) existed between right corneal diameter and (right, left) maxillary central incisor width with p value <0.01. A negligible positive correlation (r< 0.28) existed between left corneal diameter and (right, left) maxillary central incisor width with p value <0.01. Conclusion - The correlations between interpupillary distance, right and left corneal diameter with maxillary central incisor were unable to produce a strong positive statistical association.
Abelianizations of derivation Lie algebras of the free associative algebra and the free Lie algebra

We determine the abelianizations of the following three kinds of graded Lie algebras in certain stable ranges: derivations of the free associative algebra, derivations of the free Lie algebra and symplectic derivations of the free associative algebra. In each case, we consider both the whole derivation Lie algebra and its ideal consisting of derivations with positive degrees. As an application of the last case, and by making use of a theorem of Kontsevich, we obtain a new proof of the vanishing theorem of Harer concerning the top rational cohomology group of the mapping class group with respect to its virtual cohomological dimension.
Resilience and stress coping strategies of university students in times of pandemic

The objective is to determine if Resilience and stress coping strategies significantly influence each other in college students during the COVID-19 pandemic. A prospective and cross-sectional quantitative design study, 128 students from the National Intercultural University of the Amazon, Peru were selected: 96 men (75.0%) and 32 women (25.0%), mean age 18.3 years (SD = 2.3). The Adapted Resilience Scale of Peru (ERAPE) and the Coping Mode (COPE) were used. Resilience had a significant effect at a moderate level, and coping strategies focused on problems and emotions, with planning, active coping, and lack of emotional support dominating. Effects on proportional inverse correlation can be identified through avoidance strategies: mental and behavioral withdrawal, denial, and substance use.
Nonmaximality of known extremal metrics on torus and Klein bottle

The El Soufi-Ilias theorem establishes a connection between minimal submanifolds of spheres and extremal metrics for eigenvalues of the Laplace-Beltrami operator. Recently, this connection was used to provide several explicit examples of extremal metrics. We investigate the properties of these metrics and prove that none of them is maximal. Bibliography: 24 titles.
Arsenic Exposure and Epigenetic Modification: An Updated Systematic Review of Epidemiological Findings

Exposure to inorganic arsenic (iAs) is a global public health concern. It is believed that the dysregulation of epigenetic mechanisms contributes and plays a major role in arsenic-associated adverse health effects. The present authors have already conducted a systematic review that summarized the findings of arsenic-induced epigenetic disruptions from in vitro and animal studies. In recent years, an increasing number of studies have been conducted with humans becoming available. In order to further clarify the association between arsenic exposure and epigenetic modifications, the authors reviewed the effects of arsenic on epigenetic mechanisms, including DNA methylation, histone post-translational modifications, and altered microRNA (miRNA) levels in studies conducted in human populations. Our systematic review reveals that in humans exposed to arsenic, global DNA methylation appears to increase, which is contrary to in vitro and the majority of animal studies. Specific genes that were identified as having their methylation profile altered by exposure to arsenic were associated with various cancer and noncancer diseases. The histone modifications post-arsenic exposure in humans are more diverse and amino acid-specific. Arsenic exposure changes the expression of specific miRNAs in human studies. Overall, it is consistent that exposure to arsenic leads to alterations of epigenetic mechanisms in almost all human studies; however, current studies do not seem to identify conserved epigen- etic biomarkers across studies. Further studies are warranted with standardized study design, clearly defined outcomes of health effects, and measurements of arsenic exposure.