Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
RELATIVISTIC DOPPLER BEAMING AND MISALIGNMENTS IN AGN JETS

Radio maps of active galactic nuclei often show linear features, called jets, on both parsec and kiloparsec scales. These jets supposedly possess relativistic motion and are oriented close to the line of sight of the observer, and accordingly the relativistic Doppler beaming makes them look much brighter than they really are in their respective rest frames. The flux boosting due to the relativistic beaming is a very sensitive function of the jet orientation angle, as seen by the observer. Sometimes, large bends are seen in these jets, with misalignments being 90° or more, which might imply a change in the orientation angle that should cause a large change in the relativistic beaming factor. Hence, if relativistic beaming does play an important role in these jets such large bends should usually show high contrast in the brightness of the jets before and after the bend. It needs to be kept in mind that sometimes a small intrinsic change in the jet angle might appear as a much larger misalignment due to the effects of geometrical projection, especially when seen close to the line of sight. What really matters are the initial and final orientation angles of the jet with respect to the observer’s line of sight. Taking the geometrical projection effects properly into account, we calculate the consequences of the presumed relativistic beaming and demonstrate that there ought to be large brightness ratios in jets before and after the observed misalignments.
Multi-frequency properties of synthetic blazar radio light curves within the shock-in-jet scenario

Blazars are among the most powerful extragalactic objects, as a sub-class of active galactic nuclei. They launch relativistic jets and their emitted radiation shows strong variability across the entire electro-magnetic spectrum. The mechanisms producing the variability are still controversial and different models have been proposed to explain the observed variations in multi-frequency blazar light curves.We investigate the capabilities of the classical shock-in-jet model to explain and reconstruct the observed evolution of flares in the turnover frequency turnover flux density plane and their frequency-dependent light curve parameters. With a detailed parameter space study we provide the framework for future, detailed comparisons of observed flare signatures with the shock-in-jet scenario. Based on the shock model we compute synthetic single-dish light curves at different radio frequencies (2.6 to 345 GHz) and for different physical conditions in a conical jet (e.g. magnetic field geometry and Doppler factor). From those we extract the slopes of the different energy loss stages within the $\nu_\mathrm{m}$-$S_\mathrm{m}$ plane and deduce the frequency-dependence of different light curve parameters such as flare amplitude, time scale and cross-band delays. The evolution of the Doppler factor along the jet has the largest influence on the evolution of the flare and on the frequency-dependent light curve parameters. The synchrotron stage can be hidden in the Compton or in the adiabatic stage, depending mainly on the evolution of the Doppler factor, which makes it difficult to detect its signature in observations. In addition, we show that the time lags between different frequencies can be used as an efficient tool to better constrain the physical properties of these objects.
A CANDIDATE OPTICAL COUNTERPART TO THE MIDDLE AGED γ-RAY PULSAR PSR J1741–2054

We carried out deep optical observations of the middle aged γ-ray pulsar PSR J1741−2054 with the Very Large Telescope (VLT). We identified two objects, of magnitudes mv = 23.10 ± 0.05 and mv = 25.32 ± 0.08, at positions consistent with the very accurate Chandra coordinates of the pulsar, the faintest of which is more likely to be its counterpart. From the VLT images we also detected the known bow-shock nebula around PSR J1741−2054. The nebula is displaced by ∼0. ″9 (at the 3σ confidence level) with respect to its position measured in archival data, showing that the shock propagates in the interstellar medium consistently with the pulsar proper motion. Finally, we could not find evidence of large-scale extended optical emission associated with the pulsar wind nebula detected by Chandra, down to a surface brightness limit of ∼28.1 mag arcsec−2. Future observations are needed to confirm the optical identification of PSR J1741−2054 and characterize the spectrum of its counterpart.
WOCS 40007: A DETACHED ECLIPSING BINARY NEAR THE TURNOFF OF THE OPEN CLUSTER NGC 6819

We analyze extensive BVRcIc time-series photometry and radial-velocity measurements for WOCS 40007 (Auner 259; KIC 5113053), a double-lined detached eclipsing binary and a member of the open cluster NGC 6819. Utilizing photometric observations from the 1 m telescope at Mount Laguna Observatory and spectra from the WIYN 3.5 m telescope, we measure precise and accurate masses (∼1.6% uncertainty) and radii (∼0.5%) for the binary components. In addition, we discover a third star orbiting the binary with a period greater than 3000 days using radial velocities and Kepler eclipse timings. Because the stars in the eclipsing binary are near the cluster turnoff, they are evolving rapidly in size and are sensitive to age. With a metallicity of [Fe/H] = +0.09 ± 0.03, we find the age of NGC 6819 to be about 2.4 Gyr from color–magnitude diagram (CMD) isochrone fitting and 3.1 ± 0.4 Gyr by analyzing the mass–radius (M–R) data for this binary. The M–R age is above previous determinations for this cluster, but consistent within 1σ uncertainties. When the M–R data for the primary star of the additional cluster binary WOCS 23009 is included, the weighted age estimate drops to 2.5 ± 0.2 Gyr, with a systematic uncertainty of at least 0.2 Gyr. The age difference between our CMD and M–R findings may be the result of systematic error in the metallicity or helium abundance used in models, or due to slight radius inflation of one or both stars in the WOCS 40007 binary.
Assessment of an Assumed Strain-based Quadrilateral Membrane Element

This paper describes the development of a simple quadrilateral strain-based element for plane stress and strain problems. This element has five nodes, four located at its corners and one at the center. Each of the four corner nodes had two essential external degrees of freedom (u, v), while the center node had three degrees of freedom (u, v, ɵ); the static condensation method was used for the internal node. This element was used for both linear and dynamic analysis. Its performance was assessed using a variety of membrane and axisymmetric analysis problems. The obtained results demonstrated the good performance and accuracy of the proposed element.
Factors influencing knowledge sharing in new product development in high-tech manufacturing firms

Knowledge sharing is considered an important promotor of new product development (NPD) performance. However, studies have shown that making experts share knowledge in new product development (NPD) projects is often a challenging task. Consequently, this topic has attracted substantial attention in academic research. However, although studies have produced valuable insights, more detailed accounts of the mechanisms shaping knowledge sharing processes in NPD projects are sparse. To add to the knowledge on this topic, this study conducts a series of interviews with NPD professionals at manufacturers of high-tech industrial products to identify ‘factors influencing knowledge sharing’ (FIKS). The identified FIKS are explained through the socio-physiological theory, the ‘reasoned action approach’ (RAA). This involves several contributions. First, the study provides a detailed explanation of the role of FIKS by describing how they affect the behaviour of knowledge providers and receivers in NPD processes. Second, by identifying 161 FIKS in NPD processes, organised under 18 categories, the study offers the so far most extensive account of FIKS in NPD processes. Third, the findings suggest a special characteristic of knowledge sharing in NPD contexts concerning the relatively high importance of knowledge receiver behaviour.
Factors Influencing Mortality of Metastatic Bladder Cancer: A Single-Center Experience

Objectives: Bladder cancer predominantly affects the elderly and exhibits poor survival in the metastatic stage, where the five-year survival rate is approximately 15% with contemporary regimens. Geriatric patients with metastatic bladder cancer generally have low-performance status and multiple comorbid diseases, therefore they often are unable to receive optimal therapy. We aimed to evaluate the rate of metastatic bladder cancer patients receiving systemic treatment, chemotherapy regimens, response to treatments, survival data, and factors influencing mortality. Methods: Patients with metastatic bladder cancer who were treated at our clinic between January 2011 and October 2021 were retrospectively reviewed. Factors affecting survival were evaluated using the long-rank test. Multivariate analysis was performed using cox regression. Results: A total of 121 patients with metastatic disease were included in the study. The median age of the patients was 68 (41-86) years. The median overall survival was 9 months. Overall one-, two- and five-year survival rates were 31%, 17%, and 0.5%, respectively. 52 (43%) of the patients died without receiving any systemic treatment at the metastatic stage. The median overall survival was 3.3 months in patients who received no systemic therapy at the metastatic stage, while it was 11.6 months in patients who received at least one line of therapy (p<0.01). The presence of liver metastasis (HR 1.9; %95 CI 1.17 to 3.09; p<0.01) and the absence of systemic treatment in the metastatic stage (HR 4.26; %95 CI 2.81 to 6.46; p<0.01) were among the independent risk factors for mortality. The rate of patients aged 65 and over was higher in the group not receiving chemotherapy (71.2% vs 47.8%, p=0.01). While 76.9% of the patients who did not receive chemotherapy had recurrent disease, this rate was 49.3% in the group receiving chemotherapy (p<0.01). Conclusion: Nearly half of the patients with metastatic bladder cancer died without any systemic treatment. Independent risk factors associated with mortality included absent treatment and the presence of liver metastasis. Patients who did not receive treatment were older and had higher rates of recurrent metastatic disease. Abstract Article: Factors Influencing Mortality of Metastatic Single-Center
Assessment of Nutritional Status of Under-5 Children in A Slum of Kolkata, West Bengal: A Community Based Study

Background: The nutritional status of under-5 children in slums is an important health indicator for assessing the health status of entire population. Reduction in malnutrition is a Millennium Development Goal (MDG) to improve child welfare. The study was conducted to assess the nutritional status of under-5 children in a slum of Kolkata and its associated factors.Materials and Methods: It was an observational, cross-sectional study among under-5 children in a slum area of Kolkata, West Bengal, India to determine nutritional status and its determinants using WHO Z-score and Composite Index of Anthropometric Failure (CIAF). A total of 129 under-5 children were included by simple random sampling. Data entry was done in SPSS. All ethical issues were addressed.Results: Out of total 129 children assessed, 31.8% were found to have anthropometric failure using CIAF. However, with standard anthropometric indices such as weight-for-age, weight-for-height, height-for-age, and mid upper arm circumference,17.8% were underweight, 9.3% were wasted, 16.3% were stunted and 14% were undernourished respectively. About 40.3% children had morbidity within last 2 weeks (acute respiratory infection 25.6%, diarrhoea 3.9%, fever 10.9%). Literacy of mother [AOR-3.79 (1.39-10.33)], exclusive breast feeding [AOR-6.1 (1.80-8.79)], personal hygienic practice [AOR-3.17 (1.02-10.02)] and morbidity profile [AOR-2.95 (1.13-7.72)] were significantly associated with nutritional status.Conclusion:The study identifies maternal education and care and infant and child feeding practices to have a bearing on the nutritional status of the children. Further large scale studies are warranted to determine the alleviation in the situation after addressing these factors.
A Probabilistic Methodology for Estimating Reserve Requirement and Optimizing Its Components in Systems With High Wind Penetration

The growing penetration of wind generation comes with implicit challenges for power system operators, one of which is the effect that additional shares have on the sufficient magnitude of reserve capacity needed. The determination of adequate reserves would enhance the efficiency and flexibility of the power system. The probabilistic methodology suggested in this paper estimates the reserve requirements as a function of historical data and estimates the incremental increase in reserve requirements as the penetration level increases. Also, the paper estimates the optimal mix of spinning reserve and standing reserve to decrease the number of part-loaded power plants and accommodate more wind power, where a synchronized plant operates less efficiently when partially loaded to provide a reserve. The adopted methodology is applied to real data collected from aggregated wind farms in the period from 2015 to 2020.
Modelling electrical conductivity variation using a travel time distribution approach in the Duck River catchment, Australia

Solute dynamics depend strongly on hydrologic flow paths and transit times within catchments. In this paper, we use a travel time tracking method to simulate stream salinity (as measured by electrical conductivity) in the Duck River catchment, NW Tasmania, Australia. The study couples storage selection function transit time modelling with two alternate approaches to model electrical conductivity (EC). The first approach assumes the catchment has a cyclic salt balance (i.e., rainfall source, stream flow sink) that is in dynamic equilibrium and evapoconcentration of salt is the only process changing concentration. The second approach assumes that the salinity of water in catchment storages is a function of water age in those stores, without explicitly simulating salt mass balance processes. The paper compares these alternate approaches in terms of EC simulation performance, simulated stream water age distributions, and simulated storage age distributions. A split sample calibration‐validation analysis was conducted using the 2008 and 2009 water years. Both EC simulation approaches reproduced stream EC variations very well under both calibration and validation. The simulations using the age‐related EC simulation approach produced less biased results and, consequently, higher model coefficient of efficiency for validation periods. This approach also produced more consistent model parameter estimates between periods. There were systematic differences in the resultant age distributions between models, particularly for the solute balance‐based simulations where parameters (catchment storage size) changed more between the two calibration periods. The effect of time varying versus static storage selection functions were compared, with clear evidence that time varying storage selection functions with parameters linked to catchment conditions (flow) are essential for adequate simulation of EC dynamics during flow events.
Delay‐dependent stability of highly nonlinear neutral stochastic functional differential equations

This article focuses on the delay‐dependent stability of highly nonlinear hybrid neutral stochastic functional differential equations (NSFDEs). The delay dependent stability criteria for a class of highly nonlinear hybrid NSFDEs are derived via the Lyapunov functional. The stabilities discussed in this article include H∞$$ {H}_{\infty } $$ stability, asymptotically stability and exponential stability. A numerical example is given to illustrate the criteria established.
Evidence for a [WR] or WEL-type binary nucleus in the bipolar planetary nebula Vy 1-2

We present high-dispersion spectroscopic data of the compact planetary nebula Vy 1-2, where high expansion velocities up to 100 km/s are found in the Ha, [N II] and [O III] emission lines. HST images reveal a bipolar structure. Vy 1-2 displays a bright ring-like structure with a size of 2.4"x3.2" and two faint bipolar lobes in the west-east direction. A faint pair of knots is also found, located almost symmetrically on opposite sides of the nebula at PA=305 degrees. Furthermore, deep low-dispersion spectra are also presented and several emission lines are detected for the first time in this nebula, such as the doublet [Cl III] 5517, 5537 A, [K IV] 6101 A, C II 6461 A, the doublet C IV 5801, 5812 A. By comparison with the solar abundances, we find enhanced N, depleted C and solar O. The central star must have experienced the hot bottom burning (CN-cycle) during the 2nd dredge-up phase, implying a progenitor star of higher than 3 solar masses. The very low C/O and N/O abundance ratios suggest a likely post-common envelope close binary system. A simple spherically symmetric geometry with either a blackbody or a H-deficient stellar atmosphere model is not able to reproduce the ionisation structure of Vy 1-2. The effective temperature and luminosity of its central star indicate a young nebula located at a distance of ~9.7 kpc with an age of ~3500 years. The detection of stellar emission lines, C II 6461 A, the doublet C IV {\lambda}{\lambda} 5801, 5812 A and O III 5592 A, emitted from a H-deficient star, indicates the presence of a late-type Wolf-Rayet or a WEL type central star.
Electromagnetic-force distribution inside matter

Using the Finite Difference Time Domain method, we solve Maxwell's equations numerically and compute the distribution of electromagnetic fields and forces inside material media. The media are generally specified by their dielectric permittivity epsilon(w) and magnetic permeability mu(w), representing small, transparent dielectric and magnetic objects such as platelets and micro-beads. Using two formulations of the electromagnetic force-density, one due to H. A. Lorentz [Collected Papers 2, 164 (1892)], the other due to A. Einstein and J. Laub [Ann, Phys. 331, 541 (1908)], we show that the force-density distribution inside a given object can differ substantially between the two formulations. This is remarkable, considering that the total force experienced by the object is always the same, irrespective of whether the Lorentz or the Einstein-Laub formula is employed. The differences between the two formulations should be accessible to measurement in deformable objects.
The combinatory effect of scaffold topography and culture condition: an approach to nucleus pulposus tissue engineering

Scaffold topography and culture medium conditions for human wharton's jelly mesenchymal stem cells (hWJ-MSC) are critical components of the approach to nucleus pulposus (NP) tissue engineering. Aim: To evaluate the silk fibroin (SF) scaffold topography analysis (optimal thickness and pore diameter) and to determine culture medium conditions for the growth and differentiation of hWJ-MSC. Method: hWJ-MSCs were seeded into different thicknesses and pore size diameters and grown in different concentrations of glucose, platelet rich plasma (PRP) and oxygen. The cell-seeded scaffold was evaluated for cell attachment, growth and differentiation potency. Results & discussion: The results indicated that SF scaffold with a minimum thickness 3.5 mm and pore diameter of 500 μm with cells cultured under low glucose, 10% PRP and normoxia conditions induced the growth and differentiation of hWJ-MSCs, indicated by the accumulation of glycosaminoglycans content and the presence of type II collagen, as markers of NP-like cells.
Measurements of Relative Pu Fission Rates in Slightly Enriched Uranium—Water Lattices

The relative fission activation integrals of Pu/sup 239/, Pu/sup 2/ /sup 40/, and Pu/sup 241/ are measured. Foils of these isotopes are expo sed to the neutron flux of the TRX reactor, and the fission activation values are found from the relative fission product activities on the foils. (T.F.H.)
Elimination of cusps in dimension 4 and its applications

We study a class of homotopies between maps from 4‐manifolds to surfaces which we call cusp merges. These homotopies naturally appear in the uniqueness problems for certain pictorial descriptions of 4‐manifolds derived from maps to the 2‐sphere (for example, broken Lefschetz fibrations, wrinkled fibrations, or Morse 2‐functions). Our main results provide a classification of cusp merge homotopies in terms of suitably framed curves in the source manifold, as well as a fairly explicit description of a parallel transport diffeomorphism associated to a cusp merge homotopy. The latter is the key ingredient in understanding how the aforementioned pictorial descriptions change under homotopies involving cusp merges. We apply our methods to the uniqueness problem of surface diagrams of 4‐manifolds and describe algorithms to obtain surface diagrams for total spaces of (achiral) Lefschetz fibrations and 4‐manifolds of the form M×S1, where M is a 3‐manifold. Along the way we provide extensive background material about maps to surfaces and homotopies thereof and develop a theory of parallel transport that generalizes the use of gradient flows in Morse theory.
Weighing dark matter haloes with gravitationally lensed supernovae

ABSTRACT High redshift Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) are likely to be gravitationally lensedby dark matter haloes of galaxies in the foreground. Since SNe Ia have very smalldispersion after light curve shape and colour corrections, their brightness can be usedto measure properties of the dark matter haloes via gravitational magniﬁcation. Weuse observations of galaxies and SNe Ia within the Great Observatories Origins DeepSurvey (GOODS) to measure the relation between galaxy luminosity and dark matterhalo mass. The relation we investigate is a scaling law between velocity dispersion andgalaxy luminosity in the B-band: σ = σ ∗ (L/L ∗ ) η , where L ∗ = 10 10 h −2 L⊙. The best-ﬁtting values to this relation are σ ∗ = 136 km s −1 and η = 0.27. We ﬁnd σ ∗ . 190 kms −1 at the 95 per cent conﬁdence level. This method provides an independent cross-check of measurements of dark matter halo properties from galaxy–galaxy lensingstudies. Our results agree with the galaxy–galaxylensing results, but have much largeruncertainties. The GOODS sample of SNe Ia is relatively small (we include 24 SNe)and the results therefore depend on individual SNe Ia. We have investigated a numberof potential systematic eﬀects. Light curve ﬁtting, which aﬀects the inferred brightnessof the SNe Ia, appears to be the most important one. Results obtained using diﬀerentlight curve ﬁtting procedures diﬀer at the 68.3 per cent conﬁdence level.Key words: gravitational lensing – supernovae: general – dark matter