Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effects of Caregiving Demand, Mutuality, and Preparedness on Family Caregiver Outcomes During Cancer Treatment

49 Purpose/Objectives: To test a model of family caregiving derived from the interactionist approach to role theory that hypothesized that three caregiving role implementation variables (caregiving demand, mutuality between caregivers and patients, and preparedness for caregiving) would predict multiple caregiving-specific and generic outcomes with different patterns of association across outcomes. Design: Descriptive, correlational. Setting: Surgical, radiation, and medical oncology settings. Sample: 87 family caregivers of adults receiving treatment for solid tumors or lymphoma. Methods: Caregivers completed the Demand and Difficulty subscales of the Caregiving Burden Scale; the Mutuality, Preparedness, and Global Strain scales of the Family Care Inventory; and the 30-item short form of the Profile of Mood States. Data were analyzed with simultaneous multiple regression. Main Research Variables: Caregiving demand, mutuality, preparedness, caregiving difficulty, global caregiver strain, tension, depression, anger, fatigue, vigor, confusion, and total mood disturbance. Findings: The model explained statistically significant proportions of variance in each outcome, with different patterns of association across outcomes. Demand was associated most strongly with caregiving difficulty and global strain. Mutuality was associated most strongly with caregiver anger. Unexpectedly, preparedness was associated more strongly with mood disturbance outcomes than with the caregivingspecific variables of difficulty and strain. Conclusions: Further research should explore models that address implementation of the caregiving role to better elucidate how family caregivers learn and carry out the important role. Implications for Nursing: Clinical assessment should include caregiving demand, the quality of the relationship between caregiver and patient, and preparedness for caregiving. Interventions could be tailored to meet caregiver needs in each area. Karen L. Schumacher, RN, PhD, is an associate professor in the College of Nursing at the University of Nebraska Medical Center in Omaha; Barbara J. Stewart, PhD, and Patricia G. Archbold, RN, DNSc, FAAN, are professor emerita in the School of Nursing at Oregon Health and Science University in Portland; Mildred Caparro, RN, MSN, and Faith Mutale, RN, MSN, are advanced practice nurses in the Abramson Cancer Center at the University of Pennsylvania Health System in Philadelphia; and Sangeeta Agrawal, MSc, is a research analyst in the College of Nursing at the University of Nebraska Medical Center. Funding for the research was provided by a grant from the National Institute of Nursing Research (R01 NR04685). (Submitted May 2007. Accepted for publication July 10, 2007.)
Modulatory Effect of Rosmarinic Acid on H2O2-Induced Adaptive Glycolytic Response in Dermal Fibroblasts

Oxidative stress induces the adaptive response and alteration of energy metabolism across human cell types. Dermal fibroblasts shift their energy system to overload anaerobic glycolysis when exposed to sub-lethal hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). However, oxidative stress levels in the cells can be depleted by antioxidants, and such cellular changes can therefore be modulated. The present study aimed to investigate the modulatory effect of rosmarinic acid (a polyphenol antioxidant) against H2O2-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the glycolytic adaptive response in fibroblasts. The results showed that H2O2 caused a significant ROS increase in the cells, and pre-treatment with rosmarinic acid (5–50 µM) decreased ROS significantly in the presence of glutathione. Rosmarinic acid modulated the adaptive response in H2O2-treated cells by decreasing glucose consumption and lactate production. The rosmarinic acid also recovered intracellular ATP and decreased NADPH production via the pentose phosphate pathway. Several glycolytic enzymes, including hexokinase-2 (HK-2), phosphofructokinase-2 (PFK-2), and lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA), were downregulated in cells treated with rosmarinic acid. Furthermore, the key antioxidant enzymes: glutathione-disulfide reductase (GSR), glutathione peroxidase-1 (GPx-1), and peroxiredoxin-1 (Prx-1) and redox protein thioredoxin-1 (Trx-1) were upregulated in treated cells compared to control cells. To sum up, the rosmarinic acid could be used as an antioxidant against H2O2-induced adaptive responses in fibroblasts by modulating glucose metabolism, glycolytic genes, and GSH production. The present work indicates that rosmarinic acid holds promise in cell-based research applications for combating ROS and enhancing dermal fibroblast health.
Post-approval process: A challenge for ethics committees

Context: Ethics committees (ECs) work toward upholding rights, dignity, safety, and well-being of research participants. They are also tasked with conducting oversight pre- and post-approval. ECs face various challenges in their functioning. Post-approval oversight is one of the major challenges, and various studies have stressed the importance of post-approval oversight. Aims: The aim of this study was to explore the challenges in the post-approval processes that are faced by the ECs and to suggest solutions to the most common challenges. Methods: We conducted a quantitative study contacting member secretaries of different ECs using an online Google Forms questionnaire. The questionnaire consisted of three domains and included questions about the description of the EC, conduct of post-approval activities, and challenges encountered during the post-approval process. Results and Conclusion: We received responses from 61 member secretaries. We were able to identify challenges faced by the EC members in the post-approval process in the areas of site monitoring visit, review of post-approval submission (nonsubmission/incomplete submission/late submission of documents by PI, long time taken by reviewers, nonavailability of reviewers, nonadherence to timeline and too much paperwork), review of serious adverse events, and review of protocol deviations. Our study also noted the difference between accredited/assessed (National Accreditation Board for Hospitals and Healthcare Providers/Forum for Ethical Review Committees in the Asian and Western Pacific Region) ECs versus registered (Central Drugs Standard Control Organisation/Department of Health Research only) ECs by comparing the challenges.
Academic teachers’ experiences of technology enhanced learning (TEL) in higher education – A Swedish case

Abstract This article presents a Swedish study on the potential of technology to transform teaching and learning practices in higher education. Sweden is at the forefront of technological innovation and digitalization and when it comes to technology in education this is not an exception. Technology Enhanced Learning (TEL) has emerged as an important pedagogical aspect within higher education in recent years. The term TEL is used to demonstrate teaching experiences that intend to improve such support. Previous research has recognized bottom-up initiatives from academic staff with specialists in technology often addressed by individual enthusiasts. Also, most internal processes regarding digitalization are identified as top-down initiatives driven by policy rather than influenced teachers. Hence, the main aim of this study is to analyse academic teachers´ experiences with digital technologies that support students’ learning in higher education. To support this aim, following research questions are posed: 1) What factors facilitate TEL in teaching in higher education and why? 2) What factors limit TEL in higher education and why? Focus group interviews with 36 academic teachers from two Swedish universities were conducted. Results show that on the one hand teachers experience both benefits and limitations with TEL. On the other hand, important organisational aspects of using TEL are highlighted. The choices that academic teachers face and give expression to do not appear to be a matter of individual choice or stance in teaching situations. These results have relevance globally for all involved in teaching and learning in higher education.
An analysis of the cognitive rigour of questions used in secondary school English language textbooks in Singapore

Textbooks are an essential component in the classroom, making it extremely crucial to regularly evaluate textbooks used in schools so that their pedagogical contributions towards the teaching and learning processes can be guaranteed. The study aimed to identify and analyse the cognitive levels of questions available in Secondary Three All About English textbooks, which have been used in Singapore since 2013. The objective of carrying out the analysis was to determine the overall cognitive rigour of questions, using a matrix superimposing two taxonomies: Revised Bloom’s Taxonomy and Webb’s Domain-of-Knowledge (DOK) model. The sample of this study consisted of questions from the Express and Normal Technical (NT) English language textbooks published by Hodder Education, where 346 questions were analysed in total. The cognitive rigour matrix was used in the classification of the questions. The results revealed that in the Express level textbook, most questions were within the cell [2,3] (35.9%), consisting of Understand and “Strategic Thinking” questions. In contrary, for the Normal Technical level textbook, most questions were within the cell [5,4] (17.6%), consisting of Evaluate and “Extended Thinking” questions. Overall, there was a good mix of Lower-order thinking skill (LOTS) and Higher-order thinking skill (HOTS) questions. However, not all cognitive levels were clearly varied, with an overemphasis on Understand and Evaluate questions, neglecting Remember and Apply questions. In light of the results, it is recommended that coursebook writers should incorporate questions of varied cognitive demands. We recommend that teachers should regularly evaluate the effectiveness of school textbooks so that there is closer alignment between the curriculum and the textbooks that teachers use in the classroom.
Characterization of Bamboo Culm as Potential Fibre for Composite Development

This study aims to evaluate how age, harvesting seasons, and culm height affect the properties of various bamboo species. The properties of bamboo fibres for composite development in Ethiopia have not been investigated so far. In this study, the properties of Y. alpina and B. oldhamii were scientifically investigated for bamboo culm structural applications and bamboo fibre composite development based on age and the harvesting season. Y. alpina was collected at Injibara and Mekaneselam which are located in east Gojjam and south wollo, whereas B. oldhamii was collected at Kombolcha which is located in south Wollo, Ethiopia. Three representatives of bamboo plants were collected in the three regions, namely from three age groups, across two harvesting months. The highest and lowest moisture content and shrinkage were measured at the ages of one year and three years, respectively, whereas basic densities were measured at the ages of three years and one year. The harvest month of November yields higher moisture content and shrinkage but lower basic densities compared to February. Yushania alpina has a higher moisture content and shrinkage but lower basic densities compared to Bamusa oldhamii. The current research demonstrates that the three-year-old groups and the harvesting month of February produce yields more suited for construction and structural purposes due to the ensuing good dimensional stability after drying. From the highest to the lowest percentage of the degree of crystallinity of the yield, it is that derived from Inj. , followed by Meka. , and then Kombolcha, respectively. Bamboo fibres have high powder crystals and degradation temperatures which make them suitable for composite development at two year old. Yushania alpina has a higher degree of crystallinity and degradation temperature of cellulose compared to Bambusa oldhamii.
Some Inverse Problems in Analysis and Geometry

Some Inverse Problems in Analysis and Geometry Yernat M. Assylbekov Chair of the Supervisory Committee: Professor Gunther Uhlmann Department of Mathematics The aim of a typical inverse problem is to recover the interior properties of a medium by making measurements only on the boundary. These types of problems are motivated by geophysics, medical imaging and quantum mechanics among other fields. In this thesis, we consider two inverse problems arising in partial differential equations and geometry. The first part is devoted to the Calderón’s problem with partial data. We consider the problem of developing a method to reconstruct a potential q from the partial data Dirichlet-to-Neumann map for the Schrödinger equation (−∆g+q)u = 0 on a fixed admissible manifold (M, g), where ∆g is the Laplace-Beltrami operator. If the part of the boundary that is inaccessible for measurements satisfies a certain flatness condition in one direction, then we reconstruct the local attenuated geodesic ray transform of the one-dimensional Fourier transform of the potential q. This allows us to reconstruct q locally, if the local (unattenuated) geodesic ray transform is constructively invertible. We also reconstruct q globally, if M satisfies certain concavity condition and if the global geodesic ray transform can be inverted constructively. In the second part, we study the Gaussian thermostat ray transforms on both closed Riemannian surfaces and compact Riemannian surfaces with boundary. We establish results on the injectivity of the thermostat ray transform, under certain conditions, and the surjectivity of its adjoint.
The Effect of PowerPoint-Based Card-Assisted TGT Cooperative Learning Model on Chemical Bonding Material on Student Learning Outcomes

: This study aims to determine the effect of the TGT-type cooperative learning model assisted by PowerPoint-based cards on chemical bonding material on student learning outcomes. This type of research is a type of experimental research with a quantitative approach. The population in this study were all students of class X MIPA at SMA Negeri 15 Medan. Samples were taken by purposive sampling of 2 classes. The treatment of the two sample classes was distinguished by the use of the TGT learning model in the experimental class while the control class used the conventional learning model with the same media. The instrument used was a multiple choice test instrument with 20 questions. Data were analyzed by normality, homogeneity, and two-party hypothesis testing with a significance level of 0.05. the results of the data analysis show that: There is an influence of the PowerPoint-based card-assisted TGT type cooperative learning model on student learning outcomes in chemical bonding material where the average value of students taught with PowerPoint-based card-assisted TGT type cooperative learning model on student learning outcomes in bonding material chemistry was significantly higher at 81.11 in the experimental class than the average value of students who were taught with conventional PowerPoint-based card-assisted learning models on student learning outcomes in chemical bonding material of 73.75 in the control class.
Simultaneous Measurement of 235U Fission and Capture Cross Sections From 0.01 eV to 3 keV Using a Gamma Multiplicity Detector

Abstract The neutron microscopic capture cross section for 235U is a critical parameter for the design and operation of nuclear reactors. The evaluated nuclear data libraries of ENDF/B-VII.1 and JENDL-4.0 have nearly identical values for the neutron capture cross section for neutron energies below 0.5 keV. In the most recent release of the JENDL library the onset of the unresolved resonance region was changed from 2.25 keV to 0.5 keV. In the energy region from 1.5 keV to 2.25 keV the average neutron capture cross section from ENDF/B-VII.1 is about 10% higher than that from JENDL-4.0. In an attempt to address the discrepancies between the libraries, a measurement of the neutron capture cross section of 235U was conducted at the Gaerttner LINAC Center located at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute. This measurement used a 16-segment -multiplicity NaI(Tl) detector to detect the prompt gammas emitted from neutron interactions with a highly enriched 235U sample. Using the time-of-flight method, detected events were recorded and grouped based on the total gamma energy per interaction and observed multiplicity. A method was developed to separate fission from capture based on total energy deposition and gamma multiplicity. Application of this method in the thermal and resonance region below 0.5 keV for both the fission and capture produced cross sections that are in good agreement with both ENDF/B-VII.1 and JENDL-4.0 evaluations. The measurements support a lower 235U neutron capture cross section in the energy range 0.5 to 2.25 keV, which is closer to JENDL 4.0.
On infinite series representations of real numbers

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Micro Light-Emitting Diode Pixel Circuit Based on p-Type Low-Temperature Polycrystalline Silicon Thin-Film Transistor for Mobile Displays

We propose a micro light-emitting diode (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mu $ </tex-math></inline-formula>LED) pixel circuit based on p-type low-temperature polycrystalline silicon (LTPS) thin-film transistors (TFTs) for mobile displays. Mobile displays require higher pixels per inch (PPI) than other applications, such as television. Therefore, we reduced the number of TFTs in the pixel circuit by considering the relationship between threshold voltage (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${V} _{\text {TH}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) compensation and luminance error rate. In the normal operation mode, the proposed pixel circuit modulates the gray levels using hybrid pulsewidth modulation and pulse amplitude modulation (HPP) to suppress the wavelength shift and improve the low gray-level expression. In the always-on display (AOD) operation mode, which is widely used in commercial mobile devices, the proposed circuit uses only pulse amplitude modulation (PAM) to reduce the power consumption. We verified the operation of the proposed circuit using circuit simulation. The proposed pixel circuit exhibited the HPP operation and successfully expressed 8-bit gray levels in the normal operation mode. In the AOD operation mode, the proposed circuit modulated the <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mu $ </tex-math></inline-formula>LED current using PAM. We also investigated the effect of the simplified compensation structure on image quality by comparing the just noticeable difference (JND) and luminance changes (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\sf \Delta {L}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) under the variation of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${V} _{\text {TH}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>. The <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\sf \Delta {L}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> values of all the gray levels were lower than the <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\vert $ </tex-math></inline-formula>JND<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\vert $ </tex-math></inline-formula> under the <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${V} _{\text {TH}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> variation of ±0.1 V. Consequently, the proposed pixel circuit exhibited stable operation with reliable image quality for mobile displays.
Development and Validation of Instructional Modules on Rational Expressions and Variations

Modular instruction is an attempt to individualize learning by allowing a student to achieve mastery of one unit of content before moving on to another. Module, as a self-instructional material, can be used as a supplementary material to help the student improve his/her mastery and as means to help the student catch up with the missed lessons. In this study, instructional modules on two content areas of Algebra taught to second year high school students were developed and validated. Specifically, module 1 consisted of 11 lessons on Rational Expressions, and module 2 consisted of nine lessons on Variations. Findings revealed that all the evaluators strongly agreed that the instructional modules satisfied the criteria for evaluating the modules. Meanwhile, the significant change in the pretest and posttest scores of student-participants before and after they were exposed to the modules signify that the modules brought out improvement in their knowledge of Rational Expressions and Variations. Possible replication of the study to cover other topics in Intermediate Algebra is recommended to further support the findings that emerged.
Assessment of Early Growth Response of Albizia lebbeck to Different Seed Sources,
Organic and Inorganic Fertilizers in the Nursery

A field experiment was carried out to assess the effects of seed source, NPK fertilizer and organic fertilizers on the early growth parameters of womens toung (Alibizia lebbeck). The experiment was conducted at the Department of Forestry and Wildlife Management, Faculty of Agriculture Shabu- Lafia Campus, Nasarawa State University Keffi. It was laid out in a Randomized Completely Block Design (RCBD), analyzed with respect to three sources of seed and three (3) types of manure, the growth variables measured were: plant height, collar girth, leaves number, leave length, and leave width. The results of parameter assessed on the basis of locations shows that seedlings from Wamba had the highest mean height of 8.19±2.60cm at 14 week, closely followed by seedling from Keffi with mean height of 7.93±2.36cm while seedling from Lafia had the least mean height of 7.32±2.23cm. The result of leave count revealed that seedling from Wamba had the highest leave count of 90.71±41.72 followed by Keffi with 81.84±39.39 while leave count of seedlings from Lafia had the least leave count of 77.71±35.83. The result of growth variables revealed that, Albizialebbeck seedlings treated with NPKwere7.66±2.18cm for height, 1.68±0.48mm for collar girth, 95.42±38.81 for number of leaf, 1.39±0.54cmfor leave length while mean value of seedlings treated with poultry dropping were 8.65±2.76cm for height, 1.83±0.46mm for collar girth, 101.01±38.48 for number of leaves, 1.47±0.58cm for leave length while mean value of seedlings treated with cow dung were 8.45±1.99cm for height, 1.55±0.49mm for collar girth 85.91±23.42 for number of leaves, and 1.23±0.53cm for leave length. The result of the ANOVA revealed that, the effects of location and all the treatments were highly significant on plant height, collar girth, number of leaves, leave length and leave width respectively at P<0.05 probability level. It is evidence from this study that seeds from different source demonstrated different growth performance. It also showed that organic manure (poultry dropping) support rapid growth of Albizialebbeck seedlings more appropriately in the nursery.