Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Ocean–Atmosphere Coupling on Different Spatiotemporal Scales: A Mechanism for Intraseasonal Instabilities

The possibility of interactions between oceanic and atmospheric oscillations with different temporal and spatial scales is examined with analytical solutions to idealized linear governing equations. With a reasonable choice for relevant parameters, the mesoscale oceanic features and the large-scale atmospheric oscillations can interact with each other and lead to unstable waves in the intraseasonal band in the specific coupled model presented in this study. This mechanism is different from the resonance mechanism, which requires similar temporal or spatial scales in the two media. Instead, this mechanism indicates that even in the cases in which the temporal and spatial scales are different but the dispersion relations (i.e., functions of frequency and wavenumber) of the oceanic and atmospheric oscillations are proximal, instabilities can still be generated due to the ocean‐atmosphere coupling.
Experimental Study of Embedded Fiber‐Optic Strain Gauges in Concrete Structures

Embedded fiber‐optic sensors have the potential of providing valuable information about the condition of the host structure when these sensors are used within an integrated health‐monitoring network attached to the structure. Although such sensors have been developed during the past 15 years for initial specialized applications in aerospace, hydrospace, and biomedical systems, recent attention has been given to the transitioning of these methods to the evaluation of civil structures. This paper reviews the state of the art of the application of fiber‐optic sensors in the structural mechanics field and reports some of the results of an experimental study concerned with the use of embedded short‐gauge‐length optical‐fiber sensors for the quantitative measurement of strain in reinforced concrete structures. Assessment of the validity of the measurements was accomplished through direct comparison between the performance of these sensors and collocated foil strain gauges. Pairs of fiber sensor elements and ref.
Face processing pattern under top-down perception: a functional MRI study

Although top-down perceptual process plays an important role in face processing, its neural substrate is still puzzling because the top-down stream is extracted difficultly from the activation pattern associated with contamination caused by bottom-up face perception input. In the present study, a novel paradigm of instructing participants to detect faces from pure noise images is employed, which could efficiently eliminate the interference of bottom-up face perception in topdown face processing. Analyzing the map of functional connectivity with right FFA analyzed by conventional Pearson's correlation, a possible face processing pattern induced by top-down perception can be obtained. Apart from the brain areas of bilateral fusiform gyrus (FG), left inferior occipital gyrus (IOG) and left superior temporal sulcus (STS), which are consistent with a core system in the distributed cortical network for face perception, activation induced by top-down face processing is also found in these regions that include the anterior cingulate gyrus (ACC), right oribitofrontal cortex (OFC), left precuneus, right parahippocampal cortex, left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), right frontal pole, bilateral premotor cortex, left inferior parietal cortex and bilateral thalamus. The results indicate that making-decision, attention, episodic memory retrieving and contextual associative processing network cooperate with general face processing regions to process face information under top-down perception.
Intercomparisons and Aerosol Calibrations of 12 Commercial Integrating Nephelometers of Three Manufacturers

Abstract This study determined measured and Mie-calculated angular signal truncations for total and backscatter TSI, Inc., nephelometers, as a function of wavelength and for particles of known size and composition. Except for the total scattering channels, similar agreements as in a previous study of measured and calculated truncations were derived for submicrometer test aerosols. For the first time, instrument responses were also determined for supermicrometer test aerosols up to 1.9 μm in geometric mean diameter. These supermicrometer data confirm the theoretical predictions of strong angular truncations of the total scatter signals in integrating nephelometers due to the limited range of measured forward scattering angles. Truncations up to 60% were determined for the largest measured particles. Rough empirical truncation corrections have been derived from the calibration data for Radiance Research and Ecotech nephelometers for which no detailed response characteristics exist. Intercomparisons of the n.
On sequentially Cohen-Macaulay modules

In this paper we present characterizations of sequentially Cohen-Macaulay modules in terms of systems of parameters, which are generalizations of well-known results on Cohen-Macaulay and generalized Cohen-Macaulay modules. The sequentially CohenMacaulayness of Stanley-Reisner rings of small embedding dimension are also examined.
An ML-Aided Reinforcement Learning Approach for Challenging Vehicle Maneuvers

The richness of information generated by today's vehicles fosters the development of data-driven decision-making models, with the additional capability to account for the context in which vehicles operate. In this work, we focus on Adaptive Cruise Control (ACC) in the case of such challenging vehicle maneuvers as cut-in and cut-out, and leverages Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) and vehicle connectivity to develop a data-driven cooperative ACC application. Our DRL framework accounts for all the relevant factors, namely, passengers' safety and comfort as well as efficient road capacity usage, and it properly weights them through a two-layer learning approach. We evaluate and compare the performance of the proposed scheme against existing alternatives through the CoMoVe framework, which realistically represents vehicle dynamics, communication and traffic. The results, obtained in different real-world scenarios, show that our solution provides excellent vehicle stability, passengers' comfort, and traffic efficiency, and highlight the crucial role that vehicle connectivity can play in ACC. Notably, our DRL scheme improves the road usage efficiency by being inside the desired range of headway in cut-out and cut-in scenarios for 69% and 78% (resp.) of the time, whereas alternatives respect the desired range only for 15% and 45% (resp.) of the time. We also validate the proposed solution through a hardware-in-the-loop implementation, and demonstrate that it achieves similar performance to that obtained through the CoMoVe framework.
Effect of combined action of electric field and light on gliding of the easy axis in nematic liquid crystals

A new effect is described of the combined action of an electric field and light on the slow surface dynamics in a layer of nematic liquid crystal (NLC) contacted with a layer of dye pre‐treated by UV irradiation. Simultaneous application of a relatively weak “in‐plane” electric field and polarised light resulted in slow variation of the boundary orientation of the sample transmitted to the bulk of the layer. At the same time, the separate action of the two factors mentioned above did not produce any visible changes in the LC layer at the same intensity and time of application. After turning off both the electric field and light, extremely slow relaxation of the system to the initial state was observed. This effect depends on a number of control parameters (applied voltage, intensity of light, time of application, dose of a preliminary UV irradiation). The critical slowing down of this process (up to some weeks) via a proper choice of control parameters was established. The physical processes responsible for the combined effect were considered and applied to modify a previously proposed phenomenological model for the electrically induced slow azimuthal rotation of the easy axis of an NLC. The modified model was found to be in a qualitative agreement with the main experimental results.
Scaling properties of the thue–morse measure

The classic Thue–Morse measure is a paradigmatic example of a purely singular continuous probability measure on the unit interval. Since it has a representation as an infinite Riesz product, many aspects of this measure have been studied in the past, including various scaling properties and a partly heuristic multifractal analysis. Some of the difficulties emerge from the appearance of an unbounded potential in the thermodynamic formalism. It is the purpose of this article to review and prove some of the observations that were previously established via numerical or scaling arguments.
Reactions to environmental noise in an ambient noise context in residential areas

Direct reanalyses of over 57 000 interview responses to 35 noise sources in 20 social surveys and reviews of publications for over 12 000 additional responses to 16 noise sources in 13 social surveys show that residents’ reactions to an audible environmental noise (a target noise) are only slightly or not at all reduced by the presence of another noise source (ambient noise) in residential environments. The direct reanalyses account for type of noise source (aircraft, road traffic, railway, impulse noise), type of noise reaction question, type of activity disturbance, quality of noise data, type of regression analysis model (linear, logit, probit), two noise metrics (DNL, LAeq), and ten personal characteristics. Although there is considerable variation from survey to survey, the best direct estimate is that approximately a 20-dB increase in ambient noise exposure (95% confidence interval of 15–50 dB) has no more impact than approximately a 1-dB decrease in target noise exposure. Tabulations of 12 findings.
Large deviations of the empirical currents for a boundary driven reaction diffusion model

We derive a large deviation principle for the empirical currents of lattice gas dynamics which combine a fast stirring mechanism (Symmetric Simple Exclusion Process) and creation/annihilation mechanisms (Glauber dynamics). Previous results on the density large deviations can be recovered from this general large deviation principle. The contribution of external driving forces due to reservoirs at the boundary of the system is also taken into account.
On Reflecting Brownian Motion with Drift

Let B = (Bt)t≥0 be a standard Brownian motion started at zero, and let μ ∈ R be a given and fixed constant. Set B t = Bt+μt and S t = max 0≤s≤t B s for t ≥ 0 . Then the process: (x ∨ Sμ)−Bμ = ((x ∨ S t )−B t )t≥0 realises an explicit construction of the reflecting Brownian motion with drift −μ started at x in R+ . Moreover, if the latter process is denoted by Z = (Z t )t≥0 , then the classic Levy’s theorem extends as follows: ( (x ∨ Sμ)−Bμ, (x ∨ Sμ)− x) law = (Zx, `0(Zx))
Screening for Prediabetes and Diabetes in Korean Nonpregnant Adults: A Position Statement of the Korean Diabetes Association, 2022

Diabetes screening serves to identify individuals at high-risk for diabetes who have not yet developed symptoms and to diagnose diabetes at an early stage. Globally, the prevalence of diabetes is rapidly increasing. Furthermore, obesity and/or abdominal obesity, which are major risk factors for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), are progressively increasing, particularly among young adults. Many patients with T2DM are asymptomatic and can accompany various complications at the time of diagnosis, as well as chronic complications develop as the duration of diabetes increases. Thus, proper screening and early diagnosis are essential for diabetes care. Based on reports on the changing epidemiology of diabetes and obesity in Korea, as well as growing evidence from new national cohort studies on diabetes screening, the Korean Diabetes Association has updated its clinical practice recommendations regarding T2DM screening. Diabetes screening is now recommended in adults aged ≥35 years regardless of the presence of risk factors, and in all adults (aged ≥19) with any of the risk factors. Abdominal obesity based on waist circumference (men ≥90 cm, women ≥85 cm) was added to the list of risk factors.
A Riemann Problem Based Method for the Resolution of Compressible Multimaterial Flows

A correction for Godunov-type methods is described, yielding a perfect capture of contact discontinuities, in hydrodynamic flow regime. The correction is based upon a simple idea: starting from a nondegraded solution at a given instant, the use of an Eulerian scheme around a contact discontinuity will entail, at the next instant, the degradation of the solution at only the two adjacent nodes to the discontinuity. The exact solution of the Riemann problem yields the state variables on both sides of the discontinuity. Knowledge of these variables may be used to correct the two nodes affected by numerical diffusion. The method is applied to problems involving a gas? liquid interface. The liquid is assumed compressible, obeying the “stiffened gas” equation of state, for which the solution of the Riemann problem is easily obtained. The method is first tested with 1D problems which have either an exact solution or accurate numerical solutions in the literature. Then the concept is extended in two dimensions. Assuming that the 1D Riemann problem along the normal to the interface is a reasonable approximation of the 2D Riemann problem for Euler equations, we extend efficiently the algorithm for two-dimensional interface problems. Several two-dimensional test cases are presented for which the method provides accurate solutions.
EXPLORING FACTORS INFLUENCING THE CZECH EMPLOYEES' EARNINGS

: The study contributes to the body of knowledge on job-related and individual characteristics determining the earnings of those working as employees. A multivariate analysis of the 2010 and 2015 European Survey on Working Conditions data (N=1,168) documents the differences in earnings across studied variables, such as gender, educational level, the skill level of profession, years of experience or perceived discrimination. The obtained results are interpreted in line with the prior research. It follows from the main findings that the highest earnings are observed among managerial professions and the lowest among the least skilled occupations. Returns to education are increasing with the obtained level of formal education and are highest for doctoral studies graduates. The positive impact has also years of experience and the number of working hours per week. Quite surprisingly, the conducted analysis does not prove any significant effect of discrimination (sexual orientation, religion, disability, race, ethnic background or colour) on individuals' earnings. The study might be of interest to the Czech labour market researchers and policymakers as it, besides the analysis, provides several future research suggestions.
An inequality for the distance between densities of free convolutions

This paper contributes to the study of the free additive convolution of probability measures. It shows that under some conditions, if measures μi and νi, i=1,2, are close to each other in terms of the Le vy metric and if the free convolution μ1⊞μ2 is sufficiently smooth, then ν1⊞ν2 is absolutely continuous, and the densities of measures ν1⊞ν2 and μ1⊞μ2 are close to each other. In particular, convergence in distribution μ(n)1→μ1, μ(n)2→μ2 implies that the density of μ(n)1⊞μ(n)2 is defined for all sufficiently large n and converges to the density of μ1⊞μ2. Some applications are provided, including: (i) a new proof of the local version of the free central limit theorem, and (ii) new local limit theorems for sums of free projections, for sums of ⊞-stable random variables and for eigenvalues of a sum of two N-by-N random matrices.
Parameter estimation following group sequential hypothesis testing

SUMMARY Parameter estimation techniques which fail to adjust for the interim analyses of group sequential test designs will introduce bias in much the same way that the repeated use of single sample hypothesis testing causes inflation of the type one statistical error rate. Methods based on the duality of hypothesis testing and interval estimation require definition of an ordering for the outcome space for the test statistic. In this paper, estimation following a group sequential hypothesis test for the mean of a normal distribution with known variance is investigated. A proposed ordering of the sample space based on the maximum likelihood estimate of the mean is found to result in estimates which compare favourably with estimates computed from orderings investigated by Tsiatis, Rosner & Mehta (1984) and Chang & O'Brien (1986) for a variety of group sequential designs. The proposed ordering is then adapted for use when the sizes of groups accrued between analyses is random.
Boundary determination of the Lamé moduli for the isotropic elasticity system

We consider the inverse boundary value problem of determining the Lamé moduli of an isotropic, static elasticity equations of system at the boundary from the localized Dirichlet-to-Neumann map. Assuming appropriate local regularity assumptions as weak as possible on the Lamé moduli and on the boundary, we give explicit pointwise reconstruction formulae of the Lamé moduli and their higher order derivatives at the boundary from the localized Dirichlet-to-Neumann map.
ASYMMETRY IN THE ELECTROSTATIC DISPERSION OF LIQUIDS

The division of an electrically charged drop into two drops is considered. It is shown that for symmetric division the surface energy and electric energy of the final state of the system are at a minimum only if the surface charge Q on the drop of radius R and surface tension γ isIf, however, Q2 is a fraction of this value, asymmetric division leads to a minimum of the final energy terms.Results of the photographic observation of the division of charged water drops in paraffin oil support the theory, i.e. asymmetric division is observed. Symmetry is approached for higher charges on the drops.For the division of uniformly volume-charged drops the theory predicts symmetric division.Theoretical energy–asymmetry plots bear a strong resemblance to fission-yield curves. The validity of the application of the theory to the observed asymmetry in nuclear fission is discussed.
$\hat{G}$-local systems on smooth projective curves are potentially automorphic

Let $X$ be a smooth, projective, geometrically connected curve over a finite field $\mathbb{F}_q$, and let $G$ be a split semisimple algebraic group over $\mathbb{F}_q$. Its dual group $\widehat{G}$ is a split reductive group over $\mathbb{Z}$. Conjecturally, any $l$-adic $\widehat{G}$-local system on $X$ (equivalently, any conjugacy class of continuous homomorphisms $\pi_1(X) \to \widehat{G}(\overline{\mathbb{Q}}_l)$) should be associated to an everywhere unramified automorphic representation of the group $G$. We show that for any homomorphism $\pi_1(X) \to \widehat{G}(\overline{\mathbb{Q}}_l)$ of Zariski dense image, there exists a finite Galois cover $Y \to X$ over which the associated local system becomes automorphic.
Tales of Hybrid Teaching in Software Engineering: Lessons Learned and Guidelines

Contribution: This article contributes empirical insights on hybrid teaching of software engineering courses. Results include the systematic analysis of hybrid teaching attendance and interaction, perception of hybrid teaching, and grade distributions. Results are synthesized into eight evidence-based guidelines. Background: Hybrid teaching, i.e., teaching simultaneously to in-person and online students, is gaining an increasing adoption. However, how to improve the experience of students with respect to (w.r.t.) hybrid teaching is still an open question. Research Questions (RQs): How can the experience of students w.r. t. hybrid teaching be improved? RQ1: Are there differences between in-person and online student attendance and interaction? RQ2: What is the student perception of hybrid teaching? RQ3: Is in-person and online supervision influencing grades of students? Methodology: A mixed-method empirical research process is used, by considering two Master courses in software engineering. The process leverages three data sources, namely, quantitative and qualitative data collected during lectures, a student survey, and student grades. Summary statistics, coding processes, and a statistical analysis are used to answer the RQs. Findings: Students prefer to attend more frequently online, as it provides (among other factors) flexibility and convenience, while coming at the cost of lower focus and interaction quality. Following in-person is statistically a better choice to gain a median grade, while following online can lead with more probability to a higher or lower grade. Various guidelines are presented, ranging from the hybrid classroom setup, to online student management, and course component design.
Hopf hypersurfaces of low type in non-flat complex space forms

We classify Hopf hypersurfaces of non-flat complex space forms CPm(4) and CHm(−4), denoted jointly by CQm(4c), that are of 2-type in the sense of B. Y. Chen, via the embedding into a suitable (pseudo) Euclidean space of Hermitian matrices by projection operators. This complements and extends earlier classifications by Martinez-Ros (minimal case) and Udagawa (CMC case), who studied only hypersurfaces of CPm and assumed them to have constant mean curvature instead of being Hopf. Moreover, we rectify some claims in Udagawa’s paper to give a complete classification of constant-mean-curvature-hypersurfaces of 2-type. We also derive a certain characterization of CMC Hopf hypersurfaces which are of 3-type and masssymmetric in a naturally-defined hyperquadric containing the image of CQm(4c) via these embeddings. The classification of such hypersurfaces is done in CQ(4c), under an additional assumption in the hyperbolic case that the mean curvature is not equal to ±2/3. In the process we show that every standard example of class B in CQm(4c) is mass-symmetric and we determine its Chen-type.
Kinetic modeling for microwave-assisted green extraction: Effects of power on citronella oil from Cymbopogon nardus leaf

C ymbopogon nardus , known as a native plant to the subtropical and tropical areas, is widely cultivated and utilized for food flavoring and pharmaceutical purposes. Microwave-assisted hydrodistillation (MHD) was preferred as a greener method to extract essential oils. Kinetics of essential oil extraction from Cymbopogon nardus leaves were observed under different values of microwave irradiation power at atmospheric pressure. This method facilitated a high yield of citronella oil (3.68%– 3.79%) at reduced time. Kinetic investigation of citronella oil extraction process was simulated using mathematic formulation such as pseudo-first and pseudo-second-order models. Results indicated that the studied models provided moderate fit for the experimental data, whereas the latter of the two kinetic models demonstrated better general fit, especially at low power levels. Moreover, GC-MS analysis of the citronella oil showed that the main compounds identified were geraniol and methyl isoeugenol. Other active compounds such as citronellal and β -citronellol were also present in considerable amount. These results suggested that the MHD method could be a prominent alternative to obtain essential oils in higher yields and deliver valuable chemical constituents upon shorter extraction time, compared to its conventional alternatives.