Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
PENGARUH CITY BRANDING DAN CITY IMAGE TERHADAP KEPUTUSAN BERKUNJUNG WISATAWAN KE BANYUWANGI

The aims of this research to explain the influence of city branding on purchase city image , investigate the influence of city branding on purchase decision, and investigate the influence city image on purchase decision.This research method uses explanatory research with quantitative approach. The resondent who used a total of 116 tourist who visit to Banyuwangi. Simple random sampling was used in this research as a technique of sampling and questionaires used as a method of data collection. Data analysis using descriptive analysis and path analysis. The finding of this research indicate that city branding has a significant influence on the city image, city branding has a significant influence on purchase decision and the city image influence but not significant on purchase decision. Thus, the Government of Banyuwangi should further enhance the promotion of tourism expecially on their city branding “The Sunrise of Java”. So it will become famous among local people and others. In order to develop their city image, the government of Banyuwangi should improve their infrastructure to facilitate their tourist. Keyword: City Branding, City Image, Decision to Visit, Banyuwangi Abstrak Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk menjelaskan pengaruh City Branding terhadap City Image , pengaruh City Branding terhadap Keputusan Berkunjung, dan pengaruh City Image terhadap Keputusan Berkunjung. Penelitian ini menggunakan jenis penelitian penjelasan ( explanatory research ) dengan pendekatan kuantitatif. Responden yang digunakan sejumlah 116 orang wisatawan yang mengunjungi Banyuwangi. S imp le random sampling digunakan dalam penelitian ini sebagai teknik pengambilan sampel dan kuesioner digunakan sebagai metode pengumpulan data. Analisis data menggunakan analisis deskriptif dan analisis jalur ( path analysis ). Temuan penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa city branding memiliki pengaruh signifikan terhadap city image , city branding memiliki pengaruh signifikan terhadap keputusan berkunjung, dan city image memiliki pengaruh tetapi tidak signifikan terhadap variabel keputusan berkunjung. Dengan demikian Pemerintah Kabupaten Banyuwangi hendaknya lebih meningkatkan lagi promosi pariwisatanya tentang The Sunrise of Java agar lebih dikenal di masyarakat Banyuwangi maupun di luar Banyuwangi. Agar terbentuk city image yang diinginkan sebagai kota wisata serta memperbaiki infrastruktur yang ada di Banyuwangi supaya memudahkan wisatawan untuk berkunjung. Kata Kunci: City Branding, City Image, Keputusan Berkunjung, Banyuwangi
Modelling the ocean circulation beneath the Ross Ice Shelf

We applied a modified version of the Miami isopycnic coordinate ocean general circulation model (MICOM) to the ocean cavity beneath the Ross Ice Shelf to investigate the circulation of ocean waters in the sub-ice shelf cavity, along with the melting and freezing regimes at the base of the ice shelf. Model passive tracers are utilized to highlight the pathways of waters entering and exiting the cavity, and output is compared with data taken in the cavity and along the ice shelf front. High Salinity Shelf Water on the western Ross Sea continental shelf flows into the cavity along the sea floor and is transformed into Ice Shelf Water upon contact with the ice shelf base. Ice Shelf Water flows out of the cavity mainly around 180°, but also further east and on the western side of McMurdo Sound, as observed. Active ventilation of the region near the ice shelf front is forced by seasonal variations in the density structure of the water column to the north, driving rapid melting. Circulation in the more isolated interior is weaker, leading to melting at deeper ice and refreezing beneath shallower ice. Net melting over the whole ice shelf base is lower than other estimates, but is likely to increase as additional forcings are added to the model.
RELATIVE IMPORTANCE OF GLACIER CONTRIBUTIONS TO WATER SUPPLY IN A CHANGING CLIMATE

SUMMARY The Snowmelt Runoff Model (SRM) was designed for simulation, forecasting, and future assessments, such as the effects of climate change. The most recent version of SRM uses the Microsoft Windows operating system and operates efficiently in the PC environment. A formalized algorithm for assessing the effects of climate change on runoff is included in the model. SRM parameters are predetermined from actual measurements or from hydrological experience and, therefore, calibration is not necessary. This deterministic approach allows the parameters to be altered with regard to a changed future climate. SRM variables of daily temperature, precipitation, and snow covered area are also easily acquired. SRM allows contributions of snow, rain, and glacier ice to be separately computed for a present year and for a future climate-changed year. In basins with a significant glacier melt component, such as the Illecillewaet Basin in British Columbia, the glacier runoff component increases as the climate warms. Of course, when the glacier volume is depleted to a certain point, the glacier area will start to decline and the valuable glacier melt component will also be diminished.
What to expect when you are prospecting: How new information changes our estimate of the chance of success of a prospect

There is a common belief that we can expect to add value to a prospect or prospect portfolio by improving the prospect chance of success (Pg) as a consequence of acquiring information and doing work. Established laws of probability dictate that this is incorrect. We do expect new information to add value to the exploration cycle, but not by an expectation of improving the prospect risk. New information may result in an increase or a decrease of Pg, but the expected result (the average of all possible outcomes) is zero change. Moreover, for a typical exploration prospect (Pg
Release, Dispersion, and Resuspension of Escherichia coli From Direct Fecal Deposits Under Controlled Flows 1

Abstract: Water‐quality standards have been placed on fecal indicator organisms such as Escherichia coli in an attempt to limit the concentrations in water bodies. Cattle can be a significant source of bacteria to water systems, particularly when they are allowed direct access to streams. A flume study was conducted to quantify the effect and understand the transport of E. coli from directly deposited cattle manure. Five steady‐state flows, ranging from 0.00683 to 0.0176 m3/s, were studied and loads from a single cowpie exceeded the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’s recommended water‐quality standards (235 CFU/100 ml) at each flow over the hour study period. Average E. coli concentrations ranged from 102 to 105 CFU/100 ml over the hour sampling period for all flows. High spatial variations in E. coli concentrations were often seen at each sampling time, with higher concentrations typically at the bottom of the flume. E. coli resuspension was initially greater at 0.5 min after deposition, for the lowest flow (105 CFU/m2/s); however, resuspension rates became similar over time, on the order of 103 CFU/m2/s. This study demonstrates that the concentrations of E. coli can vary over the water column, and therefore grab samples may inaccurately measure bacteria concentrations and loads in streams. In addition, resuspension rates were often high, so the incorporation of this process into water‐quality models is important for bacteria prediction.
Timing and dynamics of the juxtaposition of the Eastern Ghats Mobile Belt against the Bhandara Craton, India: A structural and zircon U‐Pb SHRIMP study of the fold‐thrust belt and associated nepheline syenite plutons

Sensitive High Resolution Ion MicroProbe (SHRIMP) U‐Pb dating of zircon from basement granite gneisses and nepheline syenites of the Sinapalli Nappe, occurring along the northwestern margin of the Eastern Ghats Mobile Belt, indicate high grade regional metamorphism and associated folding accompanying juxtaposition of the nappe with the Bhandara Craton, to have taken place between 617 ± 85 Ma (lower intercept age of a reworked basement unit) and 517 Ma (age of the youngest syenite). This shows, for the first time, that the final juxtaposition of the northwestern parts of the Eastern Ghats Mobile Belt against the Bhandara Craton came about in the late Neoproterozoic and not, as previously thought, during the Mesoproterozoic. The northwestern part of the Eastern Ghats Mobile Belt comprises a fold‐ thrust belt consisting of a stack of northwesterly verging nappes that have been thrust over the Bhandara Craton. The Sinapalli Nappe is the lowermost nappe and rests over a tectonic contact on the Archean granites and gneisses of the craton. The basal décollement is exposed as a two‐km‐wide ductile‐brittle thrust, hosting nepheline syenite plutons that show fabrics consistent with a synkinematic emplacement during thrusting. The Sinapalli Nappe is comprised of a sequence of alternating mafic granulites and quartzofeldspathic gneisses with slivers of basement granites, which are folded in three phases of folding (F1, F2 and F3) and were subjected to granulite facies metamorphism during F1 folding. Thrusting is synkinematic to F2 folding and is responsible for the juxtaposition of the northwestern part of the Eastern Ghats Terrane over the Bhandara Craton during the assembly of parts of eastern Gondwana.
Comparison of Four Numerical Methods for Flood Routing

The accuracy and efficiency of four of the more important numerical methods for flood routing are compared by simulating the propagation of the monoclinal wave in two channels with different bottom slopes. It is shown that the implicit method of Amein is in general the most suitable method for routing floods in rivers of small slope. In addition, the implicit method has maximum accuracy when the ratio of the space and time steps is approximately equal to the flood wave speed. These conclusions are not necessarily valid for flooding in estuaries.
A Cost Analysis of Rapid Land-Building Technologies for Coastal Restoration in Louisiana

It was the objective of this study to take a first cut at understanding the cost structure of coastal restoration technologies and to obtain some preliminary measures of cost-effectiveness of these technologies. This analysis focused on restoration projects funded by the Coastal Wetlands Planning, Protection, and Restoration Act (CWPPRA, also known as the Breaux Act), the primary funding source for restoration projects in Louisiana. Projects chosen were those that included a component of dredging sediment with the explicit objective of increasing acreage in the project area, i.e., of building land.
Low‐frequency source characteristics of the great 1960 Chilean earthquake

The low-frequency nature of the great 1960 Chilean earthquake, the Earth's largest recorded event, is characterized, and a source model composed of three events with a combined seismic moment of 5.5 × 1023 N m and a duration of 1500 s is presented. The results show conclusively that large-scale slip, which is only observed at low frequencies, preceded the main shock. Complex amplitude measurements of normal mode data in the band 1.0–5.0 mHz, recorded at eight vertical component stations, comprise the data set. In this band the earthquake source is assumed to be described by a line source propagating at a constant rupture velocity. The data set is the basis for a sequence of least squares inversions to determine the seismic moment, rupture velocity, spatial slip distribution, and the temporal slip function. The data are best explained by a source model that begins 1150 s before the main shock with an event of moment 1.9 × 1023 N m and rise time of 300 s, a main shock with moment of 3.2 × 1023 N m and for which most of the low-frequency energy was released beginning about 50 s after the short-period origin time, and an event 350 s later with moment of 0.4 × 1023 N m. The uncertainty in the moment estimate of the great 1960 Chilean earthquake is about 50% and is due primarily to the probable range of fault plane dip, which is not well constrained at this time.
Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Preferentially Targets Human Colon Carcinoma: Role of Extracellular Matrix

ABSTRACT Viral therapy of cancer (viral oncolysis) is dependent on selective destruction of the tumor tissue compared with healthy tissues. Several factors, including receptor expression, extracellular components, and intracellular mechanisms, may influence viral oncolysis. In the present work, we studied the potential oncolytic activity of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1), using an organ culture system derived from colon carcinoma and healthy colon tissues of mouse and human origin. HSV-1 infected normal colons ex vivo at a very low efficiency, in contrast to high-efficiency infection of colon carcinoma tissue. In contrast, adenoviral and lentiviral vectors infected both tissues equally well. To investigate the mechanisms underlying the preferential affinity of HSV-1 for the carcinoma tissue, intracellular and extracellular factors were investigated. Two extracellular components, collagen and mucin molecules, were found to restrict HSV-1 infectivity in the healthy colon. The mucin layer of the healthy colon binds to HSV-1 and thereby blocks viral interaction with the epithelial cells of the tissue. In contrast, colon carcinomas express small amounts of collagen and mucin molecules and are thus permissive to HSV-1 infection. In agreement with the ex vivo system, HSV-1 injected into a mouse colon carcinoma in vivo significantly reduced the volume of the tumor. In conclusion, we describe a novel mechanism of viral selectivity for malignant tissues that is based on variance of the extracellular matrix between tumor and healthy tissues. These insights may facilitate new approaches to the application of HSV-1 as an oncolytic virus.
Basin stratigraphy, sea‐level fluctuations and their global tectonic connections—evidence from the Proterozoic Cuddapah Basin

The Cuddapah Supergroup succession can be divided into four unconformity‐bound sequences, namely, the Papaghni, Chitravati, Srisailam and Kurnool groups and formation representing four major cycles of sedimentation. The oldest sequence, the Papaghni Group is represented by fan‐delta, prodelta and shallow shelf deposits. The rifting stage of the basin evolution is attested by the immature delta succession deposited as a major fault‐controlled basin evolution, and was followed by the early subsidence stage. Basement uplift and a hiatus in deposition follows the first cycle of sedimentation. The Chitravati Group, representing the second cycle of sedimentation, consists of mature sandstones separated by a heterogeneous shale–sandstone–dolomite interval. The third cycle starts with the deposition of widespread coastal fluvial to shallow marine sandstone of the Srisailam Formation, and the fourth cycle is represented by the Kurnool Group consisting of conglomerates, feldspathic sandstones, supermature quartzarenites, minor shale and carbonates. Each cycle represents a rifting phase followed by a stable subsidence stage when the basin evolved into a large epicontinental sea. The supermature Gandikota Quartzite of the Chitravati Group and the Paniam Quartzite of the Kurnool Group represent relative sea‐level fall and forced regression. The siliciclastics in each of the sequences display signatures of macrotidal sedimentation pointing to open ocean connection. The sequences further display signatures of passive margin sedimentation with multiple events of carbonate‐shale rhythmite deposition. Mafic flows and dykes in the Papaghni and Chitravati groups reflect thermal anomalies associated with phased crustal extension; successive extensional phases were punctuated by basin inversion. Extensive and pulsed development of epicontinental seas as recorded in the Cuddapah sequences in the south Indian craton, possibly reflect global sea‐level changes associated with supercontinent (eg. Columbia in the Palaeoproterozoic) break‐up and assembly. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Perspectivas del sistema de producción de manzano en Chihuahua, ante el cambio climático

El ensayo es un intento de estimar desde el punto de vista fenologico, ambiental y socioeconomico el efecto del cambio climatico sobre el sistema de produccion de manzano en el estado de Chihuahua, Mexico. Se reanalizaron datos de clima, fenologia y socioeconomicos con una antiguedad de mas de 10 anos en periodos diferentes, contextualizando estos bajo el entorno actual del calentamiento global. Los resultados obtenidos indican tendencias claras en el incremento de los costos de produccion, la densidad de plagas, el riesgo de la presencia de enfermedades y la profundidad de extraccion del agua de riego
Wavefield Analysis of Rayleigh Waves for Near-Surface Shear-Wave Velocity

iii Acknowledgements v Chapter 1: Application of the multiaxial perfectly matched layer (M-PML) to near-surface seismic modeling with Rayleigh waves 1 1.1 Summary 1 1.2 Introduction 2 1.3 Modeling of Rayleigh waves with classical PML 6 1.4 Stability tests of classical PML for near-surface earth models 11 1.5 M-PML technique and its stability for near-surface earth models 16 1.6 The simplified M-PML and its application 19 1.7 Discussion 24 1.8 Conclusions 26 Chapter 2: An improved vacuum formulation for finite-difference modeling of Rayleigh waves including surface topography and internal discontinuities 28 2.1 Summary 28 2.2 Introduction 29 2.3 Modeling of Rayleigh waves in P-SV wavefield 33 2.4 The improved vacuum formulation 35 2.5 Benchmark of the algorithm 42 2.6 Tests for irregular surface topography 46 2.7 Incorporation of internal discontinuities 50 2.8 Discussion 57
Mapping the Dynamics of New Forms of Technological Governance in Agriculture: Methodological Considerations

This paper reflects on the conceptual issues involved in developing a methodology to study the role of computer-based technologies, and particularly farm planning and management software, in governing the practices of farmers. It represents the first stage of a larger project that explores how farm planning and management practices are governed through, and reconfigured by, such technology. In recent years, computer software has been encouraged by a range of government and nongovernment agencies and organisations as a useful technical means of supporting farm decisionmaking and improving farmers' managerial capacities, thereby improving their competitive position. The key question of this paper is how to conceptualise and study this link. Existing literature in the area tends to draw on either rationalist – technological determinist or social constructionist accounts which, we suggest, are limited in understanding such software as a type of governmental technology that has productive effects. We argue that a methodology drawing upon insights from governmentality and actor-network theory enables the role of software in programmes of agricultural governance to be more robustly explored as a sociotechnical process. Specifically, a ‘sociology of translation’ is outlined to demonstrate how computer software can be analysed as a material technology of government that constitutes and shapes the capacities of ‘users’ as calculable agents. In order to demonstrate how such a methodology might work in practice, we apply a translation methodology to decision-support software designed to improve the planning practices of dairy farmers in the State of Victoria, Australia.
Effect of Strip Mining on Water Quality in Small Streams in Eastern Kentucky, 1967-1975

Eight years of streamflow data are analyzed to show the effects of strip mining on chemical quality of water in six first-order streams in Breathitt County, Kentucky. All these watersheds were unmined in August, 1967, but five have since been strip mined. The accumulated data from this case history study indicate that strip mining causes large increases in the concentrations of most major dissolved constituents in the runoff waters, the concentration of most of these reaching a maximum some time after mining has ceased, then holding steady for several years. The maximum concentration of dissolved salts occured during the low flow of the dormant season, whereas maximum salt loads occurred during the high flow of the early part of the growing season.
Spatial Variability of Soil Organic C, Inorganic N and Extractable P in a Mediterranean Grazed Area

In this paper, we studied the spatial variability of soil organic C (SOC), inorganic N (SIN) and extractable P (Pextr) in a grazed Mediterranean‐type vegetation formation. Sampling was conducted from a gently sloping area in northern Greece. The grazing pressure was evenly distributed over the experimental area with the exception of an overgrazed passage zone 200–300 m from steeper foothills. Soil samples, from the upper 10 cm, were collected every 10 m along four replicate lines (400 m length with a distance of 10 m between lines). Sampling took place twice (October and February). Data were analysed by geostatistical tools, and spherical models were significantly fitted to the semivariograms. SOC in both samplings and SIN in the first one displayed moderate spatial dependence which indicates the non‐random distribution of their concentration. On the contrary, Pextr and SIN in winter exhibited weak spatial dependence, whereas Pextr in autumn showed spatial independence. For the parameters exhibiting spatial pattern, two scales of dependence were revealed: a fine scale within distances shorter than 10 m and a coarse scale varying between 80 and 130 m. The coarse distribution of SOC, SIN and Pextr invoked interplay among more predictable (composition of vegetation) and unpredictable (leaching, runoff) extrinsic factors, occurring at the landscape level. Specifically, SOC as a storage agent exhibited uniform spatial pattern in both samplings. By contrast, SIN by being susceptible to leaching exhibited time‐specific dependence, whereas Pextr which was affected by surface runoff displayed limited or even spatial independence. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Raw Encounters: Chinese Managers, African Workers and the Politics of Casualization in Africa's Chinese Enclaves*

Abstract This article examines one of the pre-eminent logics of global capital flow – the pursuit of flexible labour regimes – as a window to explore the interaction between Chinese investments and African communities. It analyses the respective “politics of casualization” in the Chambishi mine on the Zambian Copperbelt and the Tanzania–China Friendship Mill in the port city of Dar es Salaam. Both Zambian and Tanzanian workers have witnessed and resisted precipitous “informalization” of employment since the Chinese assumed full or majority ownership in the late 1990s. Wildcat strikes were staged by workers in both cases. Nevertheless, Zambian copper miners, but not Tanzanian textile workers, seem to have successfully halted this tendency of casualization. After several years of struggle, in 2007 they signed new collective agreements with the Chinese management, who agreed gradually to convert all casual and contract jobs into “permanent” pensionable ones. By explaining the divergent outcomes of these two cases of labour resistance, I hope to identify the major factors shaping the encounter between Chinese managers and African workers.