Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Biomass Production and Mineral Cycling in Plantation Ecosystems of Eucalyptus Hybrid in Haryana 1. Biomass Production and its Distribution

Estimate of dry matter production and its distribution among various tree components in 4, 6, 8 and 10 years old plantations of Eucalyptus hybrid plantations is presented. Linear regression analysis was carried out. Among the predictor variables (D 2 H, DBH, D 2 ) tried, DBH alone was found to give reasonably precise values of biomass and can be reliably used for prediction purposes. The total standing biomass of these stands increases with increasing age and diameter from 20.1 t/ha (4 years) to 137.7 t/ha (10 years).
A systematic reassessment and paleogeographic review of fossil Xenarthra from Peru

A revision of Peruvian Xenarthra and the discovery of new specimens have increased our knowledge of the Order in this country. About thirty sites from three geographic regions, Amazonian Forest, the Andes, and the coast have yielded Xenarthra in Peru. The only well known Pre-Pleistocene Xenarthra is Thalassocnus from the Mio-Pliocene of the Pisco Formation. Pleistocene Phyllophaga (Megatheriidae, Nothrotheriidae, Mylodontidae, and Megalonychidae) and Cingulata (Pampatheriidae and Glyptodontidae) are rare in the Amazonian forest region, abundant in the coastal region and are particularly frequent in the Andes (between 2 500 and 4 500 meters). Cingulata are not as diverse and are represented only by Holmesina cf. paulacoutoi along the coast and Glyptodon clavipes in the Andes. The mylodontid Glossotherium sp. is recognized in the entire Peruvian coast and the scelidothere Scelidodon chiliensis is abundant in both the Andes and northern coast region. Pleistocene nothrotheres are found only in the Amazonian forest region (Nothropus priscus in Rio Acre). Megatheriidae are well diversified and have an extended geographic range. The tropical genus Eremotherium (E. laurillardi) is present on the northern coast and is possibly represented in Amazonia by a gigantic form. The temperate genus Megatherium is represented in Peru by a small-sized, quadrupedal, and browser of the Andean linage of the subgenus M. (Pseudomegatherium), which includes M. (P.) tarijense, M. (P.) elenense, M. (P.) urbinai, and new species from the northern Andes. Large species of sloths such as Megatherium (Megatherium) americanum, Lestodon sp. , and Scelidotherium leptocephalum that are typical of the Argentinian Pampas are absent in Peru. A peculiar new megalonychid was discovered in the north coast region (Cupisnique desert) and in the Andes near Lake Titicaca at Casa del Diablo cave. 14C dating indicates that most of fossil mammals in Peru are Lujanian in age. Along the coast and probably in Amazonia, Xenarthra are found in open localities, in contrast to the Andean region in which most specimens are preserved in caves. In Peru, and all over South America, large Xenarthra did not survive beyond the beginning of the Holocene.
The Triassic Timescale

The Mesozoic Era begins with the approximately 50-million-year-long Triassic Period, a major juncture in Earth history when the vast Pangaean supercontinent completed its assembly and began its fragmentation, and the global biota diversified and modernized after the end-Permian mass extinction, the most extensive biotic decimation of the Phanerozoic. The temporal ordering of geological and biotic events during Triassic time thus is critical to the interpretation of some unique and pivotal events in Earth history. This temporal ordering is mostly based on the Triassic timescale, which has been developed and refined for nearly two centuries. This book reviews the state of the art of the Triassic timescale and includes comprehensive analyses of Triassic radio-isotopic ages, magnetostratigraphy, isotope-based and cyclostratigraphic correlations and timescale -relevant marine and non-marine biostratigraphy.
RESPONSE OF DEEP-SEA BENTHIC FORAMINIFERA FROM THE MEDITERRANEAN SEA TO SIMULATED PHYTOPLANKTON PULSES UNDER LABORATORY CONDITIONS

Food and oxygen concentrations have been identified as environmental constraints influencing the vertical distribution of benthic foraminifera. Field studies, however, have been largely inconclusive as to which degree each factor regulates the observed distribution pattern. For this reason, different experiments were performed to investigate the response of deep-sea benthic foraminifera to simulated phytodetritus pulses under laboratory conditions, where oxygen concentrations can be influenced separately. In the laboratory, deep-sea foraminifera developed a normal vertical distribution pattern, and the habitats of single species reflected the results obtained from field investigations. Therefore, conclusions from the data produced in the laboratory can be transferred to nature. A mainly epifaunal life style was shown for Adercotryma glomerata and Spiroplectinella earlandi, but also indicated for Uvigerina peregrina. Hippocrepina sp. was spread over the entire sediment column with a shallow infaunal maximum. Epistominella pusilla, Seabrookia earlandi and Alveolophragmium wiesneri showed an epifaunal to shallow infaunal distribution. Ceratobulimina arctica, Trochammina inflata and Melonis barleeanum preferred an infaunal habitat. No suspension feeders were observed in the experiments. The addition of algae as food material resulted in elevated population densities. Under the influence of high oxygen contents with no or only short-term fluctuations, no migration to the upper layers was recorded after the addition of food. However, more specimens were found in deeper layers, because more organic material was transported downward into the sediment after the food pulse. The experimental laboratory results support the theoretical scenarios outlined in the TROX-model.
Effect of Alpha Lipoic Acid (ALA) Supplementation in Goat Oocyte In Vitro Maturation Media on Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) and 8-Hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) Levels

Introduction: This study explains about the effect of Alpha Lipoic Acid (ALA) supplementation in goat oocyte In Vitro maturation media on Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) levels and 8-Hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) levels with the aim of determining the status of balanced intracellular redox status and good oocyte quality. Objective: This laboratory experimental study contained three treatment groups: no ALA (P0), 25 μmol/L ALA supplementation (P1), and 50 μmol/L ALA supplementation (P2). SOD and 8-OHdG levels were measured using the ELISA method. SOD levels in group P0 were 1.41±0.40 pg/mL, group P1 were 2.04±0.50 pg/mL, and group P2 were 3.65±1.20 pg/mL. Data on 8-OHdG levels in the P0 group was 51.17±27.58 pg/mL, the P1 group was 11.21±5.98 pg/mL, and the P2 group was 12.66±6.01 pg/mL. Results: The P1 group could not significantly increase the SOD level of the P0 group (p>0.05), while the P2 group could significantly increase the SOD level of the P0 group (p<0.05). Data on 8-OHdG levels in the P1 and P2 groups decreased significantly when compared to the P0 group (p<0.05). Conclusion: ALA supplementation at a dose of 50 µmol/L in goat oocyte In Vitro maturation media can increase SOD levels and reduce 8-OHdG levels.
Deep Counterfactual Representation Learning for Visual Recognition Against Weather Corruptions

Deep learning has been widely studied for processing and understanding multimedia data, and it does help improve performance. Recent research has shown that deep models are vulnerable to images containing adverse weather corruptions, leading to a safety risk for numerous safety-critical systems (e.g., autonomous driving systems). There are two problems with the current situation. First, collecting data under different weather scenarios is highly difficult in practice. Second, the performance degrades significantly when the training and test data are from different distributions, as exemplified by the weather corrupted test data. As a result, it is challenging to train a model without access to the images containing variations of various weather conditions, and it is difficult to make trained model generalized to unknown data under different weather conditions. In this paper, we introduce a Counterfactual Representation Learning (CRL) method to address these problems. Without access to training data including weather condition variations, our CRL makes the model resistant to unseen test data that has been corrupted by weather condition variations. Our basic idea is inspired by the perspective of counterfactual regularization. We build a causal model that introduces a counterfactual variable to eliminate the unobserved characteristics brought about by weather conditions. In particular, such a counterfactual variable is approximated by randomly shuffled features, echoing the previous empirical observation that the shuffling technique can perturb the shape details while preserving the local textures. We use information theoretic representation learning to encourage the neural networks to learn more powerful and robust features, which consist of two components. We conduct experiments on five benchmark datasets, namely, CIFAR-100-C, ImageNet-C, KITTI-C, BDD100 k, and CityScapes-C, all of which contain weather corruption. The results of our experiments show that our proposed method can not only be a plug-and-play technique but also work nicely for both object recognition and detection.
Production, storage and output of coarse upland sediments: natural and artificial influences as revealed by research catchment studies

Rates of sediment production in UK river basins are generally low; however, upland source areas control both runoff and sediment volumes to he routed through larger basins and there are indications that development pressures on land in upland areas have far-reaching implications. Output rates for bedload from semi-natural grassland and commercially-afforested catchments are now available for a ten-year period at the Plynlimon catchments, mid-Wales. The influence of forestry drainage practice is to increase bedload yields sixfold; suspended load yields are doubled. In an attempt to predict yields and to investigate the operation of storage and transport processes on bedload a regression analysis was conducted, using the weight of bedload trapped as a dependent variable, and selected climatic supply and transport factors as independent variables. The climatic supply factors chosen are shown to have little influence on yield, relative to transport factors, despite evidence of supply-limited yields. Tracer studies indicate that channel storage of material exercises a critical control on yield, a factor which is not accommodated by the climate-based supply indices. Implications for field measurement techniques are discussed.
Burying things; practices of cultural disposal at late Neolithic Domuztepe, southeast Turkey

Citation for published version (APA): Campbell, S. , Kansa, S. W. , Bichener, R. , & Lau, H. (2014). Burying things; practices of cultural disposal at late Neolithic Domuztepe, southeast Turkey. In B. W. Porter, & A. T. Boutin (Eds.), Remembering and Commemorating the Dead: Recent Contributions in Bioarchaeology and Mortuary Analysis from the Ancient Near East (pp. 27-60). Boulder: University Press of Colorado.
An Approach to the Geotechnical Parameters c and? for Landslides in the Yangtze Gorges Reservoir Region, Chongqing

Geotechnical parameters c and φ are of great importance to stability of a landslide.This paper makes an approach to determination of parameters c and φ for landslides in the Yangtze Gorges reservoir region,Chongqing.The study indicates that reasonable c and φ values can ensure safety in engineering and cut down engineering expenses.
Crustal thickness patterns in the Australian continent

The crust-mantle boundary is defined seismologically by the Mohorovicic discontinuity (or Moho), where the velocity of seismic waves increases from typical crustal values to typical mantle values. The depth of the Moho beneath Australia has been mapped using all available seismic data in order to study the crustal thickness patterns and their relationship to tectonic regions. There are significant variations in crustal thickness in Australia. Generally the crust in Archaean regions of Western Australia is relatively thin, with large velocity contrasts at the transition from the crust to the mantle. Parts of Tasmania and the New England Fold Belt also have relatively thin crust. The crust is significantly thicker in the Proterozoic north and central Australia and in Phanerozoic southeastern Australia. In these areas there is a very broad transition from crustal to mantle velocities. Other regions of Australia are generally intermediate in character. The crustal thickness ranges between 24 and 56 km; the average crustal thickness in Australia is about 38 km. Previous studies have regionalised the Australian continent into seven 'mega-elements' on the basis of geological and geophysical character and tectonic age. However, the pattern of crustal thickness does not match the mega-elements with the possible exception of the North East Australia mega-element. Differences in crustal thickness that may exist between the mega-elements generally do not occur where the mega-element boundaries are mapped but may be offset by a considerable distance. A major dislocation of the Moho In central Australia is possibly an example of this.
Variation in kale and fodder beet yield and quality over winter affects nutrient supply to non-lactating dairy cows at the Southern Dairy Hub

Estimating crop quality and quantity is important for feed budgeting and nutritional balancing of diets for winter grazing. Commonly, farmers measure crop dry matter (DM) yield in autumn, but few complete quality tests. We assessed the DM yield and quality oflate spring sown kale and fodder beet (FB) from early autumn to late winter over five years at the Southern Dairy Hub, Southland, New Zealand. Yield and quality parameters were analysed over time since sowing, using polynomial data fitting. We hypothesised thatcrop yields would remain stable during winter grazing, but that the supply of nutrients would vary, driven by a decline in the leaf proportion. Overall, crops showed rapid growth prior to winter but stable yields during winter grazing, but there was year to year variation in apparent growth trends and yields. The proportion of FB bulb increased over winter relative to the total crop yield for all cultivars and years. Fodder beet leaf was numerically higher in multiple nutrient concentrations (crude protein, Ca, Mg, P, S) compared to the bulb. For both crops, nutrients had only small fluctuations in concentration over time. Completing yield assessments in late autumn would give farmers a useful baseline yield indication for winter. Crop quality tests are recommended to identify any nutritional deficiencies that need addressing to ensure good animal health and performance.
Diet in the management of type 2 diabetes: umbrella review of systematic reviews with meta-analyses of randomised controlled trials

Objective To systematically summarise and evaluate the existing evidence on the effect of diet on the management of type 2 diabetes and prevention of complications. Design Umbrella review of systematic reviews with meta-analyses of randomised controlled trials. Data sources PubMed, Embase, Epistemonikos, and Cochrane, from inception up to 5 June 2022. Eligibility criteria for selecting studies Systematic reviews with meta-analyses of randomised controlled trials reporting summary effect estimates on the effect of diet on any health outcome in populations with type 2 diabetes were included in the review. Only meta-analyses with randomised controlled trials with the duration of at least 12 weeks were eligible for inclusion. Summary data were extracted by two investigators independently. Summary effect estimates with 95% confidence intervals were recalculated with a random effects model if the information provided was insufficient. Methodological quality was assessed with the A MeaSurement Tool to Assess systematic Reviews (AMSTAR) 2 tool and the certainty of evidence with the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluations (GRADE) approach. Results 88 publications with 312 meta-analyses of randomised controlled trials were included. Methodological quality was high to moderate in 23% and low to very low in 77% of the included publications. A high certainty of evidence was found for the beneficial effects of liquid meal replacement on reducing body weight (mean difference −2.37 kg, 95% confidence interval −3.30 to −1.44; n=9 randomised controlled trials included in the meta-analysis) and body mass index (−0.87, −1.32 to −0.43; n=8 randomised controlled trials), and of a low carbohydrate diet (<26% of total energy) on levels of haemoglobin A1c (−0.47%, −0.60% to −0.34%; n=17 randomised controlled trials) and triglycerides (−0.30 mmol/L, −0.43 to −0.17; n=19 randomised controlled trials). A moderate certainty of evidence was found for the beneficial effects of liquid meal replacement, plant based, Mediterranean, high protein, low glycaemic index, and low carbohydrate diets (<26% total energy) on various cardiometabolic measures. The remaining results had low to very low certainty of evidence. Conclusions The evidence indicated that diet has a multifaceted role in the management of type 2 diabetes. An energy restricted diet can reduce body weight and improve cardiometabolic health. Beyond energy restriction, dietary approaches such as plant based, Mediterranean, low carbohydrate (<26% total energy), or high protein diets, and a higher intake of omega 3 fatty acids can be beneficial for cardiometabolic health in individuals with type 2 diabetes. Systematic review registration PROSPERO CRD42021252309.
Chronostratigraphy and Tectonic Significance of Lower Cretaceous Conglomerates in the Foreland of Central Wyoming

Intra and inter basinal correlations between outcrop and subsurface over most of northern and central Wyoming indicate that chert bearing conglomerates in the lower Cretaceous Cloverly Formation in the foreland of central Wyoming occupy three distinct stratigraphic levels The two older conglomerates are in the lower Cloverly Formation in the western Wind River Basin and reflect northerly to northeasterly dispersal The youngest conglomerate is in the upper Cloverly Formation in the eastern portion of the basin gravels in this interval also were transported to the north and northeast The two older conglomerates are separated from the youngest conglomerate by up to 35 m of purple to gray smectite rich mudstones that contain distinctive 10 to 90 em thick layers of white to dark green devitrified tuff as well as silica and carbonate nodular beds Fission track ages of 125 128 Ma have been obtained from three samples of tuff in the Wind River Basin These tuffs can be correlated to prominent tuffs further north in the Bighorn Basin where a paleomagnetic stratigraphy has been established Fission track ages of zircons from devitrified tuff layers and magnetostratigraphy of mudstones suggest that the older two conglomerates in the Wind River Basin were deposited between 133 and 128 Ma and the youngest conglomerate at about 118 to 115 Ma Three dimensional spatially controlled and temporally constrained reconstructions of paleodrainage systems for Cloverly conglom erates illustrate the complexity of fluvial drainage networks within the evolving Early Cretaceous foreland basin Sand body geometry and dispersal patterns within these fluvial networks were partially controlled by tectonic activity which created a series of northeast oriented horsts and grabens in the Wind River Basin Location of trunk rivers was controlled by the positions of grabens within the basin
Impact of covid-19 outbreak on the behavior of children and adolescents in the Kingdom of Bahrain

With coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic restrictions and lockdown, children and adolescents have experienced emotional and physical isolation from family and community members. This isolation has a negative impact on children’s and adolescents’ mental health, physical health, and behavior. An online cross-sectional study of children and adolescents aged 5 to 11 years was conducted to assess the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on their behavior, emotions, and sleep routines. A total of 413 participants, with a mean age of seven (217 boys and 195 girls), were included in the study. Most of the children were in primary school and lived with both parents. Boys and older children were found to have been fatigued during the pandemic. A significant association was found between the participants’ age and regression, opposition, and adaptation behaviors. A significant increase in screen usage and decrease in children’s physical activity after the outbreak were noted. The COVID-19 pandemic has negatively affected children’s and adolescents’ psychosocial, behavioral, and physical habits. Government programs to support the mental and psychological well-being of children and adolescents should be encouraged. Social communication, physical activity, and collaborative games are also important factors.
Learning chemistry through designing and its effectiveness towards inventive thinking

Learning through designing is the latest innovation in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics teaching and learning in the 21st century. This study aims to identify the effectiveness of EkSTEMiT module in fostering inventive thinking in the subject of electrochemistry. EkSTEMiT module was tested through a quasi-experimental design method of nonequivalent pre- and post-tests. A total of 63 students from four rural schools were involved in this study. Two schools were included in the treatment group (n=32), and two schools were included in the control group (n=31). The instrument used in this study was Inventive Thinking Questionnaire, which consists of adaptability and complexity management, self-regulation, curiosity, creativity, risk-taking, and higher-order thinking and reasoning subdomains. Analysis of MANOVA repeated measures showed no significant effect for group and time and no significant interaction effect between group and time on the level of students’ inventive thinking. Although EkSTEMiT module does not have a significant impact on the level of inventive thinking, it can have a particular impact on the teaching of innovative instructors and can subsequently increase interest in the subject of chemistry among students.
The Mesozoic-Cenozoic evolution of lithospheric thickness in the Ordos basin constrained by geothermal evidence

The thermal history of sedimentary basins can provide continuous information on time and space for the geodynamic process at depths.The heat flow evolution histories of 7wells in the Ordos basin were modeled by using the vitrinite reflectance in this paper.Based on these modeling results,thermal lithospheric thicknesses in the late Mesozoic,the early Paleogene and the present were calculated.The Ordos basin had gone through a heat flow peak in the late Early Cretaceous,when the heat flow reached up to 73~78mW/m2.After the late Early Cretaceous,the heat flow value gradually reduced to the present 61.8mW/m2.At the same time,the Ordos basin experienced a thinning process in the late Early Cretaceous,when the average thermal lithospheric thickness was about 65km.Since then the thickness had increased to the present 125km.The thermal lithospheric thickness at present is in the mid-level and there doesn′t exist a "lithosphere root"of 200 km thick.The early Cretaceous was an important geological period of transformation for the Ordos basin,when active tectonic activities at depth led to the strong denudation in the shallow,the intense tectonic-magmatic activities on the periphery of the basin and the generation of many energy resources.The time of heat flow peak in the Ordos basin is consistent with the time when the tectonic system of the eastern North China Craton began to change and the North China Craton destructed.