Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
AN INVESTIGATION OF ELITE OFFICIALS'S PERCEPTION REGARDING REFEREE AND GENERAL SELF-EFFICACY IN PAKISTAN

Background: The main purpose of this study was an investigation of elite official’s perception regarding referee and general self-Efficacy in Pakistan. Methods: The sample of this study was male referees (n=250) and female referees (n=47) selected from different four sports federations: Athletics male (n=67) and female (n=20), Football male (n=85) and female (n=2), Volleyball male (n=53) and female (n=20) and Hockey male (n=45) and female (n=5) from Pakistan. Referee self-Efficacy (REFS) and General Self-Efficacy (GSE) scale were used to measure the variables. Results: The results of independent sample t-test revealed that there was a significant (p<0.01) difference physical fitness, game knowledge, decision making, pressure and referee self-efficacy accordingly to gender status. The ANOVA results of athletics, football, volleyball and hockey revealed that there was significant (p<0.01) difference physical fitness, pressure, communication, GSE. The results of ANOVA, (least significant difference test LSD) revealed that there was significant difference between athletics and volleyball, football and volleyball accordingly physical fitness variable. Accordingly pressure variable results revealed that there was significant difference between, football and hockey. Communication variable results revealed that there was significant (p<0.05) difference between athletics and hockey, football and volleyball, volleyball and hockey. The total score of (GSE) results revealed that there was significant (p<.05) difference between athletics and football, athletics and hockey and volleyball and hockey. The Correlation coefficients between all variables were positive and significant relationship each other. Conclusion: The results concluded that male referee and technical officials have high (mean score) of all variables than female, results also indicated that athletics technical officials have high level of referee and general self-efficacy than football, volleyball and hockey official’s.
Direct Measurements of the Charge-Recombination Dynamics of Geminate Ion Pairs Formed upon Electron-Transfer Quenching at High Donor Concentration

The rate constants of back-electron-transfer (BET) reaction within geminate ion pairs generated upon static ET quenching of cyano-substituted anthracenes by aromatic amines and methoxy-substituted benzenes (MSB) at high concentration in acetonitrile have been measured directly using ultrafast multiplex transient grating spectroscopy. The free energy of BET, ΔGBET, was varied between −3.0 and −0.6 eV, a range corresponding, in principle, to the inverted, barrierless, and normal regimes. When plotted vs ΔGBET, the measured rate constants, kBET, exhibit a large scattering. Good fits of the semiclassical expression for nonadiabatic ET are obtained if the rate constants are sorted according to the electron donor. The resulting electronic coupling matrix elements V are larger and the solvent reorganization energies smaller than those reported for BET within solvent-separated ion pairs, suggesting that BET takes place between ions in contact. However, in the low exergonicity region, the observed BET rate constan.
The Gender Wage Gap in Developing Countries

The labor literature documents a gender wage gap between the earnings of men and women in the developed countries but research on the gap in developing countries is less common and usually focuses on individual countries. Research typically identifies a part of the wage gap that is due to observable characteristics, or endowments, and an unexplained part attributable to differences in gender wage equation coefficients sometimes interpreted as gender bias. The focus of recent gender wage gap research has been on understanding how the gender gap varies along the earnings distribution. In this paper, we investigate the determinants of the gender wage gap across 12 developing countries using data from the World Bank’s STEP (Skills Toward Employment and Productivity) Measurement survey that provides information on household demographic characteristics, education and training, employment, and job skills. We apply the classical Blinder-Oaxaca decomposition and combined with quantile regression and also use decomposition methods based on the recentered influence function to obtain distributional decomposition of the wage gap by covariates and by quantiles. Our results show that there are significant gender pay differences that generally decrease with earnings and are mostly due to differences in the intercepts and a slightly offsetting difference in returns to education that are higher for women. The explained part of the gender wage gap, although much smaller, is attributed almost entirely to lower educational level of women and the motherhood penalty. The main conclusion is that improvements in women’s education and training, as well as child friendly labor policies, remain the most important factors that can help to narrow the gender gap in developing countries, which is consistent with previous work.
Results of Pulled Elbow in the Children: An Original Article

Radial head subluxation (RHS), also called “pulled elbow” or “nursemaid’s elbow,” is a common disorder in children [1-4]. Although it is not accompanied by any important shortor longterm sequel, it could make the parents worried about. Although most of the cases are seen in those under the age of 7 years, PULLED ELBOW has been reported in children younger than six months of age or even until the age of 18 years [5,6]. RHS is a frequent elbow injury in young children, affecting approximately 20,000 children per year in the United States [7,8]. Since there are cases of spontaneous reduction, it is difficult to determine its actual occurrence rate. This injury usually occurs in the left hand and is more common in girls [9,10]. The most common mechanism is the pulling of the arm while the child’s elbow is completely open and the forearm is rotated inwards. This mechanism usually occurs when the child is wounded by parents or other caregivers. The mechanisms of RHS such as swinging the child by the arms, lifting the child, or wrestling may more often involve male caregivers while RHS caused by pulling away, tripping, or getting dressed appears to be associated more with female caregivers [7,11,12]. As a result, a portion of the annular ligament over the radial head slips into the radiohumeral joint space, where it becomes locked in. Sometimes this lag is torn and falls between the head of the radius and the capitellum [1,3]. The child cries and does not use the affected arm and resists any attempts to move passively. The child holds the arm close to the body with his/her elbow in extension and the forearm pronated [10]. The diagnosis of RHS can be made when the characteristic history, physical examination findings, and the position of the arm are present in a child [1,2,4]. There is no focal bony tenderness, bruising, deformity, or swelling. RHS is a clinical diagnosis, and radiologic investigation is usually not needed unless the history of injury is not clear, or attempts to reduce failed, or there is suspicion of child abuse, and if there is spontaneous improvement within 30 minutes. In such cases, radiographs are obtained to rule out a possible fracture [13,14]. Most children are able to use the affected arm, early after reduction, but some are associated with delays in the use of the affected arm leading to repeated attempts at reduction. The purpose of this study was to determine the possible effective factors that may influence the time to use of the affected limb.
Flexural Behavior of Sandwich Composite Made of JFRP Honeycomb as Core and GFRP as Skin

The increasing demand of lightweight, strong and sustainable materials in aerospace, automobile and marine sectors is leading towards the development of new materials and structures. The sandwich composite is one of them which is well-known for their high strength to weight ratio and the fiber based sandwich structures with cellular core show comparatively good mechanical, acoustic, thermal and energy absorption properties than metallic cellular structure. The purpose of this work is to fabricate a sandwich structure with jute fiber reinforced polymer composite (JFRP) as core and glass fiber reinforced polymer composite (GFRP) as face sheet and to investigate bending properties of the fabricated structures for varying face sheet thicknesses. Skin and core honeycomb strips of the sandwich composites were manufactured using hand layup method and steel mold was used to obtain honeycomb shape. Flexural test results show that face sheet thickness has significant effect on the flexural behavior such as peak load, flexural strength and energy absorption. The failure mechanism during bending tests were also identified which would serve as a basis for future improvement of manufactured composites. The delamination at the interface between the core and the face sheet was the first catastrophic failure during bending. The presented sandwich structures are able to carry a significant amount of load even after failure.
A ROCKING CHILD: INFANTILE MASTURBATION IN A FIVE-YEAR-OLD GIRL

Summary: Gratification behavior considered taboo and highly stigmatizing as it is rarely discussed openly in Ethiopia, a highly conservative society. This response is especially encountered when it occurs in a very young girl and may thus call for a visit to the religious healers for ‘spiritual intervention’ and prompt female genital cutting/mutilation to reduce the child’s libido and the presumed risk of sexual promiscuity as she gets older. Because of its rarity and peculiar presentation in children without manual genital stimulation, it is often misdiagnosed. A Medline search showed sparse information on gratification disorder and none from Ethiopia.
Impact of an Educational Intervention on Care Burden among the Caregivers of Patients Undergoing Hemodialysis

Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a major disease burden, which is affecting the population across the globe, CKD patients depends on hemodialysis to sustain life. These patients are cared by an informal support system comprises spouse, father, mother, daughter, son, or any other caregiver who are related or not related to patient. Providing continuous care for such type of patients whose prognosis, an irreversible outcome is an overwhelming experience for caregivers due to physical and psychological distress, limitations to their personal and social activities, and impending financial burden. Objective: The objective of this study was to assess the burden among the caregivers of patients undergoing hemodialysis before and after the educational intervention. Methods: A quasi-experimental one-group preand post-test design was used. Sixty participants were selected through non-probability convenient sampling. Care burden was assessed through standardized tool (Zarit Care Burden Interview) with r-value of 0.98. Results: Statistical analysis shows that the pre-test mean score was 45.63 with standard deviation (SD) of 10.42, whereas post-test mean score was 27.13 with SD of 8.69. Wilcoxon signed-rank test; a non-parametric test was applied, and P-value was found to be < 0.001 at 95% of the confidence interval (P < 0.05). Therefore, the educational intervention on home care management was found to be effective in reducing the care burden among the caregivers of hemodialysis patients. Conclusion: Hence, educational intervention on home care management was an effective reinforcement strategy to reduce the care burden among the care providers of hemodialysis patients.
The Role of Emotional Intelligence in Organizational Performance

Emotional intelligence may affect organizational performance, and the aim of our research was to examine whether this statement can be proven in the case of financially successful organizations or not. Information about leaders has been derived from online surveys with Genos EI and also from interviews, and we gathered data about organizational success from the national TAX system. Leaders usually determine group and organizational effectiveness, so we analyzed data from 22 leaders working in successful Hungarian companies. According to our results, some emotional competencies correlate with performance. In this case self-awareness, awareness of others and self-management seemed to affect organizational performance. In our regression analysis, self-awareness seemed to be a predictor variable of performance. The relationship between emotional intelligence and performance should be examined further by expanding on the analysis of other performance indicators and leadership styles.
Correlation and path analysis of Brassica napus genotypes for yield related traits

The present study was conducted in the research area of the Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad. Fifteen accessions of Brassica napus DGL, Cyclone, Punjab Sarsoon, Zn-R-1, Shiralee, Zn-M-5, Zn-M-6, Zn-M-9, Chakwal Sarsoon, Napus-2, Zn-21, AH-Rooh, Zn-R-8, Dunkled and Rainbow were collected from the Oilseed Research Programmed of the Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The seeds of the germplasm were sown in field by maintaining row to row and plant to plant distance 75 and 25 cm, respectively. Data of randomly selected 10 plants of each replication was recorded. The analysis of variance was performed that showed that all accessions were significantly differ from each other for all the yield parameters (both quantitative and qualitative parameters). The traits included plant height, primary branches, secondary branches, number of seeds in a silique, seed yield of a plant, 1000 seed weight, oil contents, protein contents, oleic acid contents, linolenic acid and erucic acid contents. Correlation and Path analysis were performed. Some characters showed positive correlation and some characters showed negative correlation. The results reflected that correlation coefficient yield was positively and significantly correlated with seeds in a silique and protein contents. Whereas yield was negatively correlated with weight of 1000 seeds, oleic acid contents, linolenic acid and erucic acid contents. On the other hand, path analysis revealed the direct and indirect effects between yield and yield parameters. Plant height, primary and secondary branches, silique of a plant, seeds of a silique, oil contents and protein contents had direct and positive effects on yield while weight of 1000 seeds, oleic acid, linolenic acid and erucic acid proportion exhibited direct and negative effects on yield of seeds. [Tariq H, Tanveer SK, Qamar M, Javaid RA, Vaseer SG, Jhanzab HM, Hassan MJ, Iqbal H. Correlation and path analysis of Brassica napus genotypes for yield related traits. Life Sci J 2020;17(8):22-34]. ISSN: 1097-8135 (Print) / ISSN: 2372-613X (Online). http://www.lifesciencesite. com. 5. doi:10.7537/marslsj170820.05.
Market orientation, learning orientation and business performance

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship between market orientation, learning orientation and innovation; and second, assesses the role of innovation, market orientation and learning orientation on firms’ business performance using a developing country (i.e. the Ghanaian banking domain) as a study context. Design/methodology/approach – Following a nation-wide survey among senior managers of 28 banks in Ghana, five research propositions were tested using multiple linear regression analysis. Findings – Results demonstrate that market orientation has significant association with innovation while learning orientation has significant impact on innovation. Moreover, innovation mediates the relationship between market orientation and business performance. Research limitations/implications – This study adopt the cross-sectional research design and as such acknowledge the same limitations as other cross-sectional studies. Practical implications – The research will help bank executives especially in Ghana and other developing countries to appreciate these marketing variables. Social implications – Banks innovation efforts, concurrently with the development of market orientation culture and improvement in organizational learning processes must benefit bank customers and stakeholders as a whole. Originality/value – The research will help banks in Ghana and other developing countries to appreciate that their innovation efforts should concurrently be in sync with the development of market orientation culture and improvement in organizational learning processes.
Application of organic fertilizer and Pseudomonas fluorescens on the growth and yield of shallot cultivar Sabu Raijua (Allium ascalonicum L .) in dry land

The specific objectives of this study were 1 ) knowing certain types of organic fertilizers on the growth of shallots 2 ) knowing the concentrations of Pseudomonas fluorescenss certain the growth of shallots, 3 ) knowing the types of organic fertilizers and the concentrations Pseudomonas fluorescens specificity increase the optimal yield of shallots. To achieve this goal, this research was conducted using factorial experiments with a split Plot Design with 10 treatments and 3 replications. So that there are 10 treatment combinations of a total number of 30 experimental plots. There were 2 factors that were tried, namely the first factor of Organic Fertilizer as the main plot, namely: cow manure 10 ton ha-1 (K1), chicken manure 10 ton ha-1 (K2). While the second factor as the subplot is the concentration of Pseudomonas fluorescens: Watering with water (as a control) 100 ml (P0), Watering with a concentration of Pseudomonas fluorescens 5 ml + normal water 95 ml (P1), Watering with a concentration of Pseudomonas fluorescens 10 + ordinary water 90 ml (P2), sprinkling with a concentration of Pseudomonas fluorescens 15 ml + 85 ml plain water (P3), Flushing with a concentration of Pseudomonas fluorescens 20 + ordinary water 80 ml (P4). The shallot cultivar of Sabu Raijua which was given organic fertilizer of 10 tonnes of chicken manure. Ha-1 and a concentration of Pseudomonas fluorescens 20 + 80 ml of plain water gave the highest growth component at the age of 10 WAP, namely at the age of 10 WAP, namely plant height (37.667cm). Leaves (34, 800 trees), number of tillers (10, 533 trees). The results of shallot bulbs of Sabu Raijua cultivar from organic fertilizer treatment of 10 ton ha-chicken manure1s with a concentration of Pseudomonas fluorescens 20 ml + 80 ml water resulted in components, namely tuber weight per plot (276.70 g ), number of tubers per plot (291, 70 tubers ).
Computer-Assisted Instruction in the Teaching and Learning of History: A Systematic Review in Africa

More than a decade has passed since the introduction of computer-assisted instruction (CAI) within schools in Africa. Computer-assisted instruction has enhanced teaching and learning at all levels of education in Africa. However, many aspects of the issues facing CAI implementation, as well as its effects on students’ performance in the history classroom are unclear. This necessitated the systematic review into two aspects. Firstly, the effects of CAI on students’ performance in the teaching and learning of history in Africa, and secondly, the various challenges facing CAI’s implementation in Africa. Furthermore, to facilitate future research, the researchers summarised several research methodologies used in the studies reviewed. The results from a systematic review of 11 studies revealed that CAI has a positive effect on students’ academic performance in history. The challenges to CAI implementation that were identified included: a lack of funding, training of teachers, and of motivation on the part of teachers; inadequate technological infrastructure; a lack of Internet; an unstable power supply; a lack of technological support; the poor information communication technology (ICT) skills of history and social studies teachers;
Epidemiological Study of Hydatidosis in Sheep Slaughtered at M’Sila Abattoirs (Algeria)

Hydatidosis is a parasitic disease caused by Echinococcus granulosus. It is also among the most prevalent zoonotic diseases with special importance for public health that causes drastic financial losses in both developed and developing countries. Among Algerian governorates, M’Sila region includes an important number of sheep flocks. Thus, an epidemiological survey was conducted on sheep hydatidosis during 5 months between December 2017 and April 2018 at three slaughterhouses of M’sila governorate, situated in municipalities of M’Sila, Boussaâda and Sidi Aissa. In parallel, an epidemiological investigation via interviews and questionnaire was conducted from March to April, 2018 on a sample of 46 sheep breeders located in M’Sila region. The questionnaire treated several risk factors (presence and deworming of dogs, informal slaughtering practices, fiability of preventive measures. etc.). Results showed a general prevalence of 24.80% among 9048 slaughtered sheep, and a seasonal prevalence higher in spring (42.02%) than in winter (21.65%) (p>0.05). Sheep of five to six years old and more are the most parasitized (p<0.0001). The lungs (38. 24%) and the livers (30.39%) were the most affected organs, while 31.24% of sheep were affected simultaneously in both organs (liver and lungs). Furthermore, females are more affected (97.99%) than males (2.01%) (p<0.0001).
Brazilian coaches' role in facilitating positive development through university sport (El papel de los entrenadores brasileños para facilitar el desarrollo positivo a través del deporte universitario)

In recent years, the role of coaches in fostering Positive Development (PD) has been explored within the context of university sport. However, research in non-English speaking countries such as Brazil, which is highly representative of university sport in Latin America, is still scarce. The purpose of this study was to analyze Brazilian coaches’ perceptions of their role in facilitating PD within university sport. In total, 16 university coaches from all regions of Brazil were interviewed (14 male and 2 female). Data were collected through semi-structured interviews. Findings showed that coaches perceived university sport as a conducive platform for fostering both performance and PD outcomes. However, the coaches found it difficult to articulate PD strategies and identified challenges such as lack of time and organizational support. The present study suggests that PD is not well integrated within the current model of university sport in Brazil and highlights a potential need for PD-focused coach education programs.
Urbanization, Gender and Economic Growth in the Waemu Zone: Evidence from Pooled Mean Group Estimation

This study empirically analyses the influence of urbanization and the participation of men and women in the labour force on economic growth in the countries of the West African Economic and Monetary Union (WAEMU). Using data from the World Bank (2017) on the member States between 1990 and 2016, we show from Pesaran’s PMG estimator, Shin and Smith (1999) that in the short term, youth and women are very useful for economic growth. In the long term, urbanization, industrial added value and the elderly make a positive contribution to economic growth. The study urges governments to create better living conditions by ensuring adequate income levels and care, i.e., public policies should aim to increase employment, establish or improve social protection, social integration, health and the fight against discrimination.