Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effects of passing wakes on a separating boundary layer along a low-pressure turbine blade through large-eddy simulation

Abstract The interactions of a migrating wake and a separating boundary layer on the suction surface of a low-pressure turbine blade are described. Large-eddy simulations (LES) of the wake passing over the T106 profile for a Reynolds number Re = 7.8 × 104 (based on the axial chord and inlet velocity) are performed. The wake data extracted from precursor LES of flow past a cylinder are used to replace a moving bar that generates wakes in front of a cascade. The three-dimensional, time-dependent, incompressible Navier-Stokes equations in fully covariant form are solved using a symmetry-preserving finite difference scheme of second-order spatial and temporal accuracy. The present LES are compared with experiments and direct numerical simulation. There are differences in the state of the resolved boundary layer; however, in a qualitative sense, the LES results illustrate a separation-induced transition on the suction surface. Prior to the arrival of a wake, the boundary layer on the rear half of the suction surface is inflexional. The excitation of the separated shear layer by convective wakes leads to the formation of coherent vortices by the rollup of the shear layer via the Kelvin-Helmholtz (K-H) instability. The transition during the wake-induced path is governed by a mechanism that involves the formation and convection of these vortices followed by the production of turbulent kinetic energy inside the K-H rolls.
Changes in Frequency of Major Stratospheric Sudden Warmings with El Niño/Southern Oscillation and Quasi-Biennial Oscillation

This study investigates observed interannual changes in the Northern winter stratosphere with El Niño/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO) using the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/ National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis data for 56 years. We focus on changes in occurrence of major stratospheric sudden warmings (MSSWs) as well as in seasonal mean states. Our results reveal complex changes in the MSSW probability with both ENSO and QBO as in the seasonal mean states. However, statistically significant changes at the 90 % confidence level are obtained only for some combinations of ENSO and QBO conditions reflecting the limitation of the data period. When the QBO is in a westerly phase, the MSSW probability increases with the ENSO sea-surface temperature condition in the eastern equatorial Pacific, i.e., from ENSO cold (La Niña), through neutral, to warm (El Niño) years. When the QBO is in an easterly phase, on the other hand, the probability significantly increases for La Niña years than for neutral years, whereas the probability is not significantly different between neutral and El Niño years. A characteristic feature is the high MSSW probability for the La Niña and QBO easterly winters, which is consistent with strengthened stationary wave with zonal wavenumber 1 compared to the climatology. These results suggest the importance of taking into account both ENSO and QBO factors, when one examines the frequency of MSSWs in the Northern winter stratosphere.
Morbidity and mortality of tetanus at Kenyatta National Hospital: a ten-year case audit

Introduction: Tetanus is a major health problem in developing countries, and is associated with high a morbidity and mortality. There are no recent local data in Kenya on the impact of the disease in terms of morbidity and mortality. The objective of this study was to describe the type, severity, risk factors, immunization history and outcome of tetanus patients at Kenyatta National Hospital (KNH). Method: This was a retrospective descriptive study of patients with a clinical diagnosis of tetanus admitted to KNH over ten years, who were aged 13 years and above. All available files with tetanus diagnosis were selected, and the patients’ data were retrieved and analysed using SPSS Software version 21.0. Results: Out of 53 patients with tetanus, 50 (94.3%) were males and 3 (5.7%) were females. The mean age at presentation was 33.2 years (SD= 15.6). Only 4 (7.5%) patients had prior tetanus immunization. The commonest risk factor was acute injury - seen in 37 (69.8%) patients. The common site of injury was the lower limb - seen in 26 (49.1%) patients. The incubation period ranged from 3 to 90 days (IQR 7-17). Generalized tetanus was the commonest form found in 50 (94.3%) patients. Only 16 (30.2%) patients were managed in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU). The overall mortality was 49.1%. Conclusion: Tetanus mortality is still high as reported in many other studies. Most patients were males without prior immunization history. Only few patients were managed in Intensive Care Unit. We recommend advocacy on tetanus immunization and booster dosing.
Do cover crops on the Canadian prairies affect soil nitrogen cycling?

Abstract For one of Canada’s most important regions of crop production—the prairies—it’s uncertain if cover crops can be successfully integrated into rotations; if so, will soil nitrogen (N) cycling be influenced to benefit main crops? To address these gaps, we compared a crop rotation with cover crops (CC) vs. without cover crops (LR) from 2018 to 2021 in Saskatoon, SK. The main crops were grown in sequence of wheat–canola–potato–pea; the cover crops included red clover, berseem clover/oat mix, fall rye, and a brassica cover. Yield and aboveground biomass were collected each year and analyzed to determine crop yield and N use efficiency (NUE). Soil N availability was monitored in various ways, that is, by assessing pre-plant soil nitrate, soil inorganic N (SIN) supply rate, and potentially mineralizable N (PMN). We found that the influence on soil N dynamics was restricted to the non-growing season where cover crops reduced SIN supply rate and nitrate content compared to the conventional practice without cover crops. Yet, rotations with vs. without cover crop did not differ in crop NUEs, yields, or in-season N dynamics. We found some evidence that diversifying rotations with cover crops may help the system to function more like perennial systems in terms of regulating N in the long run; but had limited impact during the three years studied. To ensure that cover crops are effective and functional on the prairies, innovative design approaches are needed to adapt cover crops to reach soil health goals under prairie conditions.
CONVERGENCE RATES OF ESTIMATORS IN PARTIAL LINEAR REGRESSION MODELS WITH MA(∞) ERROR PROCESS

ABSTRACT This paper is concerned with a partial linear regression model with serially correlated random errors which are unobservable and modeled by a moving-average process of infinite order. We study a class of estimators for the linear regression coefficients as well as the function characterizing the non-linear part of the model, constructed based on general kernel smoothing and least squares methods. The law of iterated logarithm and strong convergence rates of these estimator are derived by truncating the moving-average error process, a procedure widely applied in the analysis of time series. Our results can be used to establish uniform strong convergence rate of the estimators of autocovariance and autocorrelation functions of the error process.
The Australia Telescope 20 GHz (AT20G) Survey

The recently completed AT20G survey provides the largest and most complete sample of high-frequency selected radio sources yet obtained, and offers new insights into the nature of the high-frequency active galaxy population. Here we focus on the optical properties of this survey which highlights the difference of the AT20G source population compared to other radio-selected AGN samples.
Independent functions and the geometry of Banach spaces

The main objective of this survey is to present the `state of the art' of those parts of the theory of independent functions which are related to the geometry of function spaces. The `size' of a sum of independent functions is estimated in terms of classical moments and also in terms of general symmetric function norms. The exposition is centred on the Rosenthal inequalities and their various generalizations and sharp conditions under which the latter hold. The crucial tool here is the recently developed construction of the Kruglov operator. The survey also provides a number of applications to the geometry of Banach spaces. In particular, variants of the classical Khintchine-Maurey inequalities, isomorphisms between symmetric spaces on a finite interval and on the semi-axis, and a description of the class of symmetric spaces with any sequence of symmetrically and identically distributed independent random variables spanning a Hilbert subspace are considered. Bibliography: 87 titles.
Multinomial-Poisson homogeneous models for contingency tables

A unified approach to maximum likelihood inference for a broad, new class of contingency table models is presented. The model class comprises multinomial-Poisson homogeneous (MPH) models, which can be characterized by an independent sampling plan and a system of homogeneous constraints, h(m) = 0, where m is the vector of expected table counts. Maximum likelihood (ML) fitting and large-sample inference for MPH models are described. The MPH models are partitioned into well-defined equivalence classes and explicit comparisons of the large-sample behaviors of ML estimators of equivalent models are given. The equivalence theory not only unifies a large collection of previously known results, it also leads to useful generalizations and many new results. The practical, computational implication is that ML fit results for any particular MPH model can be obtained directly from the ML fit results for any conveniently chosen equivalent model. Issues of hypothesis testability and parameter estimability are also addressed. To illustrate, an example based on statistics journal citation patterns is given for which the data can be used to test the hypothesis that a certain model holds, but they cannot be used to estimate any of that model's parameters.
Understanding wave characteristics via linear superposition of retarded fields

The Feynman–Schwartz method of linearly superposing retarded fields to understand the origin of the refractive index is generalized to an obliquely incident electromagnetic wave interacting with a planar medium. Different integral equations for the wave field in the medium are obtained for the TE-state and the TM-state of wave polarization. The two states of polarization are shown to satisfy the same differential equation for the spatial variation of the fields and thus they have the same dispersion relation (or the index of refraction) and change of phase velocity upon penetration into the medium. The integral equations are also used to deduce the well-known reflection and transmission coefficients in various cases.
A novel differential evolution algorithm for no-idle permutation flow-shop scheduling problems

A novel Discrete Differential Evolution (DDE) algorithm is proposed in this paper for solving no-idle permutation flow-shop scheduling problems with maximum completion time (makespan) criterion. Firstly, individuals of the DDE algorithm are represented as discrete job permutations, and new mutation and crossover operators are developed. Secondly, a local search algorithm based on insert neighbourhood is embedded in the DDE algorithm to balance the exploration and exploitation and to enhance the local searching ability. In addition, we present two simple approaches to calculate makespan and a speed-up method for insert neighbourhood to improve the efficiency of the whole algorithm. Computational simulations and comparisons based on some well-known benchmarks demonstrate that the DDE algorithm is not only superior to the improved greedy and Kalczynski-Kamburowski heuristics in terms of searching quality, but also superior to the particle swarm optimisation and differential evolution algorithms according to searching quality, robustness and efficiency. [Received 9 July 2007; Revised 10 October 2007; Accepted 30 October 2007]
Development of a Time-Domain Simulation Code for Cross-Flow Vortex-Induced Vibrations of a Slender Structure with Current Using the Synchronization Model

In this paper, the numerical analysis method for the cross-flow vortex-induced vibration (CF VIV) analysis based on the proposed procedure for CF VIV analysis of slender structures is developed. In order to consider the changes in the incoming flow according to the static configuration of the slender structures due to the current, the proposed procedure has three stages. A slender structure is modeled as the lumped-mass line, and the dynamic relaxation method known as the numerical technique for a slender structure with large geometric nonlinearity is applied in the static analysis. The comparison studies with a commercial program are carried out to validate the developed code. The vortex-induced force on slender structures is considered with the synchronization model. To verify the developed CF VIV analysis procedure and numerical method for a slender structure, VIV analysis of the tensioned flexible risers under a uniform and shear current is performed. The simulated results of CF RMS displacement show good agreement with the results of the model test It is found that a tensioned riser vibrates with one dominant frequency in resonance with the nth mode, even though multi-frequencies components of the vortex shedding along the riser due to the shear current occurs.
A closer look at primal and pseudo-irreducible ideals with applications to rings of functions

Abstract We return to the work of Banaschewski and extract from it a theorem of Fuchs, Heinzer, and Olberding. As an application of Fuchs-Heinzer-Olberding’s theorem, we generalize a result of Gillman and Kohls. We study pseudo-irreducible ideals and show that every ideal of a pm-ring is the (not necessarily finite) intersection of pairwise comaximal pseudo-irreducible ideals. After some general results, the article focuses on primal and pseudo-irreducible ideals in rings of continuous functions. We determine when every pseudo-irreducible ideal of C(X) is primal. We give a characterization of spaces X for which every Op is a primal ideal of C(X).
VIEWS OF INCLUSION ACROSS TIME AND SPACE: FIVE YEARS OF PERSPECTIVES FROM UNIVERSITY TUTORS ON ACCESSIBILITY AND INCLUSION

It is commonly accepted that in order to ensure students with disabilities have equitable chances of study success, educational institutions need to adopt inclusive approaches to teaching, ensure digital accessibility of content, and have robust mechanisms for student support. There is a rich body of literature on how these practices can be effectively adopted in education. However, many of these studies focus on one particular dimension of inclusive practice, such as technical accessibility, student support, or inclusive curriculum or pedagogy. This can lead to a siloed approach, overdependence on a single aspect of inclusivity, or dysfunction in inclusive practice. Inclusive practices do not exist in isolation. An institutional approach to accessibility, inclusive teaching, and student support relies not only on the knowledge, skills and attitudes of individual staff, but is also dependent on wider institutional factors, such as leadership, resource, systems, and culture. The voices and views of Associate Lecturers (tutors) as front-line educators within a distance learning context are crucial to understanding how accessibility and inclusion are enacted in practice. In this paper, we analyse 632 closed-question responses and 207 open comments from three biennial staff surveys, conducted in 2017, 2019 and 2021 with Associate Lecturers at the Open University, UK. These surveys capture views on accessibility and inclusion from tutors across different faculties, both before and during the Covid-19 pandemic. Comparative analysis of these survey responses and thematic analysis of the open comments reveals crucial insights into the challenges for inclusive practice across a large and complex institution, as well as Associate Lecturer’s perspectives on institutional culture, leadership, expertise and resource, and the fitness for purpose of the systems and structures in place. In this paper, we highlight the themes that remain constant despite time, space and global circumstances, and explore how these themes can help a complex institution move towards a more accessible and inclusive approach to teaching and learning.
The Impact of Recent Heat Waves on Human Health in California

AbstractThis study examines the health impacts of recent heat waves statewide and for six subregions of California: the north and south coasts, the Central Valley, the Mojave Desert, southern deserts, and northern forests. By using canonical correlation analysis applied to daily maximum temperatures and morbidity data in the form of unscheduled hospitalizations from 1999 to 2009, 19 heat waves spanning 3–15 days in duration that had a significant impact on health were identified. On average, hospital admissions were found to increase by 7% on the peak heat-wave day, with a significant impact seen for several disease categories, including cardiovascular disease, respiratory disease, dehydration, acute renal failure, heat illness, and mental health. Statewide, there were 11 000 excess hospitalizations that were due to extreme heat over the period, yet the majority of impactful events were not accompanied by a heat advisory or warning from the National Weather Service. On a regional basis, the strongest heal.
ZnO Schottky barriers and Ohmic contacts

ZnO has emerged as a promising candidate for optoelectronic and microelectronic applications, whose development requires greater understanding and control of their electronic contacts. The rapid pace of ZnO research over the past decade has yielded considerable new information on the nature of ZnO interfaces with metals. Work on ZnO contacts over the past decade has now been carried out on high quality material, nearly free from complicating factors such as impurities, morphological and native point defects. Based on the high quality bulk and thin film crystals now available, ZnO exhibits a range of systematic interface electronic structure that can be understood at the atomic scale. Here we provide a comprehensive review of Schottky barrier and ohmic contacts including work extending over the past half century. For Schottky barriers, these results span the nature of ZnO surface charge transfer, the roles of surface cleaning, crystal quality, chemical interactions, and defect formation. For ohmic contacts.
Relevance of Earnings Value, Book Value, and Operating Cash Flow in Manufacturing Companies in Indonesia

Research aims: This study examines the value relevance of accounting information consisting of earnings information, book values, and operating cash flows after Indonesia uses the full convergence of IFRS Financial Accounting Standards.Design/Methodology/Approach: The value relevance test was conducted using Ohlson's (1995) pricing model and Easton and Harris' (1991) return model. The valuation model test employed two regression equations, i.e., testing the relationship between earnings information and book value with stock prices and then testing the relationship between earnings information, book value, and cash flow with stock prices. In addition, the return model testing was performed to examine the relationship between earnings information and earnings changes with stock returns and the relationship between cash flow and cash flow changes with stock returns. The research sample was 105 manufacturing companies, with a research period from 2016 to 2019.Research findings: The test results with the pricing model approach revealed that earnings and cash flow had value relevance, while book value had no value relevance. This study’s results suggest that earnings and cash flow information are helpful for investors in making investment decisions. Moreover, the test results with the return model approach also uncovered those earnings, changes in earnings, and changes in operating cash flows had value relevance while operating cash flows, on the other hand, had no value relevance.Theoretical contribution/Originality: The utilized two models complement each other, and this study provides empirical evidence for standard setters who can renew beliefs about how much accounting information is reflected in stock prices in Indonesia, especially the manufacturing sector, after the full convergence of IFRS Financial Accounting Standards is applied.
Assessing Number Sense of Students in Australia, Sweden, Taiwan, and the United States

This paper reports selected findings from a study of number sense proficiency of students aged 8 to 14 years in Australia, Sweden, United States, and Taiwan. It comments on the meaning and importance of number sense, the development of the assessment instruments, and student responses to the items. Some implications for classrooms of the findings are then discussed.
Propagation uniqueness in three-dimensional coherent diffractive imaging

Propagation nonuniqueness in three-dimensional (3D) coherent diffractive imaging (CDI) arises from the fact that an ensemble of solutions, related by propagation, gives an identical far-field diffraction intensity. Tight support constraint and tight allowed phase range behave similarly in constraining the solution of phase retrieval process, thus removing this nonuniqueness in simple cases but not for strong-phase objects. For CDI in Bragg geometry, we introduce a two-step phasing procedure for reconstructing heavily-strained samples that balances the need to define both support and phase constraints.
Charge dynamics in silicon nitride/silicon oxide double layers

Transport of positive charge deposited by a corona discharge on the open nitride surface of a silicon nitride (150 nm)/silicon oxide (300 nm) double layer on silicon substrate is studied by determining the location of the charge centroid with a capacitance–voltage method used in conjunction with surface-potential measurements. At temperatures of about 400 °C, the charge is mobile in the nitride and a large part of it is eventually trapped at the nitride/oxide interface while some of the charge reaches the substrate through the oxide. Indications are that at this temperature the mean free path of positive charges in the nitride and oxide layers is comparable to the layer thicknesses, but much shorter in the nitride at lower temperatures.
Numerical Study of the Performance of a Regenerative Furnace

In the present study, the numerical simulation of reactive turbulent flow and heat transfer in a regenerative gas-fired furnace has been carried out to investigate its performance. The effects of geometric and operating conditions on the performance of the furnace have also been studied. A moment closure method with an assumed g probability density function for mixture fraction is used in the present work to model the turbulent nonpremixed combustion process in the furnace. A comparison is made between the predicted results and the experimental data.