Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect of Growth Regulators on Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni Callus Genesis and Influence of Auxin and Proline to Steviol Glycosides, Phenols, Flavonoids Accumulation, and Antioxidant Activity In Vitro

Stevia is a plant containing many active compounds, but usually propagated by stem cuttings because of low seed-yield-germination ability. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of plant-growth regulators on stevia callus induction and growth from somatic tissue, as well as to determine the effect α-naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) and proline (PRO) on the amount of stevioside, rebaudioside A, phenols, flavonoids, and antioxidant activity. Stem and leaf segments were inoculated on a Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with different concentrations of NAA and 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) for callus genesis. The amount of steviol glycosides (SGs) was evaluated using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and the amounts of total phenols, flavonoids, and antioxidant activity by spectrophotometric methods. The highest callus-induction frequency and callus-mass increase were obtained from the leaf explants in MS medium supplemented with 2.0 μM NAA. The highest amount of SGs, phenols, and flavonoids, and stronger antioxidant activity were determined in the cellular compounds of callus from leaf explant. PRO reduced the amount of SGs and flavonoids. The significantly highest amount of total phenolic compounds was obtained in the callus from leaf explants in the medium supplemented with 2.0 µM NAA and 2.0 µM PRO.
Screening of F3 Segregation Population Lines Revealed by Ty-1 Markers Linked to Resistance Locus of Tomato Yellow Leaf Curl Disease (TYLCD) in Tomato (Lycopersicum. esculentum)

Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) is one of the most devastating viral pathogens of cultivated tomatoes, causes severe losses in tomato production in tropical and subtropical regions. In this study, F3 plants originated from 11 F2 populations (individual numbers varied from 10 to 14 for each population, a total of 131 individuals) (Lycopersicum esculentum) were screened for resistance to Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) using Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and Cleaved Amplified Polymorphic Sequence (CAPS) marker techniques. After DNA extraction from plants, CAPS primers were applied and screened for primer annealing of gene locus. Out of 131 plants, 120 plants were detected containing gene locus. After that, the amplicons, obtained from PCR with CAPS primers (REXF1 and REX-R3), were digested with TaqI restriction endonuclease enzyme to identify whether the lines carrying resistance gene is homozygous or heterozygous. Hundred and five plants were found to be susceptible and 15 out of 131 were heterozygous for the resistance gene. Rest of the plants did not have primer annealing sites and no homozygous resistant lines were detected.
Management of powdery mildew, Phyllactinia corylea (Pers.) Karst of Mulberry ( Morus sp.) using chosen biocontrol agents

Powdery mildew caused by Phyllactinia corylea (Pers.) Karst is a serious disease of mulberry inflicting considerable qualitative as well as quantitative losses. Owing to non eco-friendly nature, toxicity to silkworm, high cost and other side effects of chemical control measures, search for other management strategies devoid of such drawbacks becomes inevitable. In the present study, five biocontrol agents viz., Trichoderma viride, Trichoderma harzianum, Gliocladium roseum, Trichothecium roseum and Chaetomium indicum were evaluated for their efficacy against powdery mildew of mulberry. Culture filtrate of these biocontrol agents were tested in vitro for their fungitoxicant activity against conidial germination of P. corylea. Among the culture filtrate of biocontrol agents tested, both T. viride and T. harzianum @ 50.0% were highly effective and inhibited the conidial germination by 75.08% and 72.23%, respectively. Gliocladium roseum, T. roseum and C. indicum each at 6.25% concentration were the least effective treatments and did not provide more than 11.0% conidial germination inhibition. The in vitro treatments exhibiting conidial germination inhibition of more than 50.0% were also tested in vivo for the management of the disease. Culture filtrates of T. viride and T. harzianum both at 50.0% concentration were equally most effective and were at par with carbendazim 50 wp @ 0.05% by providing 65.14% — 68.68% disease control.
Effects of bioenergy extraction on visual preferences in boreal forests: a review of surveys from Finland, Sweden and Norway

ABSTRACT Increased forest biomass production for bioenergy will have various consequences for landscape scenery, depending on both the landscape features present and the character and intensity of the silvicultural and harvesting methods used. We review forest preference research carried out in Finland, Sweden and Norway, and discuss these findings in relation to bioenergy production in boreal forest ecosystems. Some production methods and related operations incur negative reactions among the public, e.g. stump harvesting, dense plantation, soil preparation, road construction, the use of non-native species, and partly also harvest of current non-productive forests. Positive visual effects of bioenergy production tend to be linked to harvesting methods such as tending, thinning, selective logging and residue harvesting that enhance both stand and landscape openness, and visual and physical accessibility. Relatively large differences in findings between studies underline the importance of local contextual knowledge about landscape values and how people use the particular landscape where different forms of bioenergy production will occur. This scientific knowledge may be used to formulate guiding principles for visual management of boreal forest bioenergy landscapes.
Chemical composition and in vitro antioxidant property of peptides produced from cottonseed meal by solid-state fermentation

In the present study, the cottonseed peptides (CPs) were prepared from cottonseed meal fermented by Bacillus subtilis BJ-1. Chemical composition and antioxidant activities of the CP were investigated. The results showed that the CP contained a balanced ratio of amino acids which dominantly composed of glutamic acid (211.7 g kg−1), aspartic acid (81.4 g kg−1), and arginine (97.5 g kg−1). The molecular weight distribution of CP was lower than 1000 Da. The CP presented a concentration-dependent effect on the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical-scavenging activity, hydroxyl radical activity, metal-chelating ability, and reducing power. The half maximal effective concentration values for the DPPH and hydroxyl radicals’ scavenging activities, metal-chelating activity, and reducing power were 3.41, 3.28, 1.80, and 1.66 mg mL−1, respectively. Moreover, CP at the lowest concentration of 0.01 mg mL−1 protected the H2O2-induced oxidant death in Raw 264.7 cells. These data suggest that CP could be used as a potential antioxidant for applications in food ingredients.
Longterm Trends in Nest Counts of Colonial Seabirds in South Carolina, USA

Abstract We analyzed temporal and spatial trends in annual nest counts of Brown Pelicans (Pelecanus occidentalis), Royal Terns (Sterna maxima), and Sandwich Terns (Sterna sandvicensis) throughout South Carolina from 1969 through 2005. There was an increase in the number of active pelican nests from 1969 through the mid 1980s, although this was followed by a steady decline that continued through 2005. Numbers of Royal Tern nests have declined during the study period, especially since 1990. In contrast, annual counts of active Sandwich Tern nests remained relatively stable through the mid 1980s, then increased substantially and have since remained stable. During the early years of the study, a greater proportion of nests from each species occurred on colonies within the Cape Romain region, although this distribution appears to have shifted with a greater proportion of nests now occurring along the southern coast. At the statewide level and at each of the primary colonies, we observed a positive correlation in counts of Brown Pelican and Royal Tern nests. Mechanisms underlying the observed trends are unclear. We suggest that priorities for research include (1) determination of diet and foraging locales for all three species, (2) impacts of ectoparasites on condition and survival of pelican chicks, and (3) metapopulation structure of all three species. Management activities should focus primarily on protection of colony sites.
Economics of a coconut-based inter-cropping system as influenced by spacing and seed rhizome size of ginger

A field experiment was conducted to study the effect of spacing and seed rhizome size on yield of ginger cv. Garubathan, grown as inter-crop in bearing coconut cv. East Coast Tall garden and to study the effect of intercrop on the economics of the cropping system model (coconut + lime + ginger + okra). Among the five different spacings (20 × 15 cm, 20 × 20 cm, 25 × 20 cm, 25 × 25 cm and 30 × 25 cm) and two rhizome size (15–20 and 25–30 g) of ginger, the closest spacing (20 × 15 cm) in combination with bigger seed rhizome (25–30 g) produced highest yield (15.39 kg/3 m2). In case of okra and coconut the yield was 2.1 t/ha and 12,750 nuts/ha, respectively. The lime was in initial stage of bearing. Higher yield was recorded with 20 x 15 cm spacing due to increased plant population per unit area. Yield was proportionate to the size of the planting material. The maximum (Rs. 1,03,727/-) and minimum (Rs. 57,746/-) cost of cultivation were recorded in spacing 20 x 15 cm with rhizome size 25–30 g and spacing 30 x 25 cm with rhizome size 15–20 g, respectively. The maximum net return (Rs. 78,421/-) was realised from closest spacing with smaller seed rhizome. Planting with 25–30 g seed rhizome in 20 x 15 cm spacing may be recommended for ginger as inter-crop in coconut plantation for maximizing the yield.
Influence of Crop Load on Photosynthesis and Dry Matter Partitioning of Seyval Grapevines. II. Seasonal Changes in Single Leaf and Whole Vine Photosynthesis

Photosynthesis (Pn), leaf area/vine and dry matter partitioning were measured at four phenological stages of development on two-year-old, own-rooted Seyval grapevines adjusted to five different crop loads. Crop loads were 0, 1, 2, 4, or 6 clusters/vine with all laterals removed to eliminate intra-vine shading. Yield/vine was positively correlated and leaf area/vine negatively correlated with clusters/vine. Total dry weight/vine was similar for all crop loads, but increased at each phenophase. Whole vine Pn (WVPn) was measured in a whole plant chamber and expressed as WVPn per unit leaf area (WVPn/L) and WVPn per vine (WVPn/V). Single leaf Pn (SLPn) was also measured on leaves at four node positions. SLPn was highest at the basal node position (node four or five) at fruit set. SLPn at all other node positions was highest mid-season or veraison. WVPn increased through veraison, then declined. SLPn was positively correlated with crop load in at least one leaf position at each phenophase. WVPn/L was positively correlated with crop load only at harvest. WVPn/V was inversely correlated with crop load at mid-season, indicating that vegetative, as well as fruiting sinks, can strongly influence whole vine photosynthetic rates. Over the season, SLPn of the most recently fully expanded leaf was best correlated with WVPn/L. However, there was no general relationship between SLPn and WVPn/V.
Biodiversity and biogeography of southern temperate and polar bryozoans

Aim To describe the distribution of biodiversity and endemism of bryozoans in southern temperate and polar waters. We hypothesized that we would find: (1) no strong latitudinal richness gradient; (2) striking contrasts in richness and endemism between clades and between regions; and (3) that faunal similarity of regions would cluster geographically around each southern continent. Location South Atlantic, Indian and Pacific Oceans and the Southern Ocean. Methods We constructed a data base from known literature, regional data bases and recent finds. We regionalized each southern continent, calculated levels of richness and endemism for each region and continent, and used primer 5 to perform multivariate statistical analysis. Results A third (1681) of global bryozoan species described occur south of 30° S, of which c. 87% were cheilostomes. In richness we found no latitudinal cline and change across longitude was stronger. New Zealand was richest and had the most (60%) endemic species, followed by Antarctica at 57%. There were striking contrasts in regional richness and endemism between clades but the highest levels of between-region similarity were around Antarctica. The timing of past continent connectivity was reflected. Main conclusions Bryozoans show strong hemispherical asymmetry in richness and, like molluscs and corals, decrease away from Australasia rather than with latitude. Species endemism is much lower in Antarctic bryozoans than previously thought, and as this taxon is not particularly dispersive and is now amongst the best studied regionally, maybe Antarctic endemism in general is lower and Antarctica less cut-off to species dispersal than previously thought. However, Antarctic generic endemism is double the level previously calculated and regional faunal similarities are much higher than around other continents – both reflecting long-term isolation. Bryozoans, in contrast to the paradigm of Antarctic fauna, may be fairly robust to predicted climate change. Paradoxically, they may also be one of the best taxa to monitor to sensitively detect marine benthic responses.
Anti‐amyloidogenic activity of cholinergic agents

Overproduction of the peptide amyloid β (Aβ) is thought to be a critical pathogenic event in Alzheimer's disease (AD), leading to the formation of senile (amyloid) plaques, which in turn lead to neurofibrillary tangles, neuronal and synaptic loss, and dementia. Mendelian inheritance of AD, which occurs in a very small proportion of cases, is caused by mutations in the genes for β‐amyloid precursor protein (β‐APP), presenilin 1 or presenilin 2; the mutations are thought to be pathogenic because they result in increased Aβ production. The majority of AD is not inherited in a Mendelian fashion, and is therefore termed sporadic. The cause or causes of this common form of AD is unknown, although it is assumed that overproduction of Aβ is also the critical event. Recent animal experiments suggest that Aβ overproduction in aging and sporadic AD may be the result of cortical cholinergic deafferentation, which occurs as part of normal human aging. Decreasing Aβ production may therefore slow or halt the progression of AD, and cholinergic agents may be particularly suitable for this role. In vitro work has indicated that cholinergic muscarinic M1 receptor agonists may reduce the cellular production of Aβ. In vivo experiments have shown that both muscarinic agonists and acetylcholinesterase inhibitors lower central nervous system (CNS) Aβ concentrations. These results suggest that cholinergic agents may be particularly well suited to a preventative role in AD therapy by limiting the initial accumulation of Aβ. Drug Dev. Res. 56:242–247, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Comparative Study of Sublingual versus Vaginal Misoprostol for Induction of Labour

Background: For majority of women labor starts spontaneously at or near term and result in vaginal delivery, however because of medical or obstetrics complications of pregnancy, labor induction is often required. Subjects and Methods: 72 pregnant women at term in department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the subjects were randomly assigned into two groups sublingual versus vaginal misoprostol (50 mcg) given every 6 hrs. Results: The mean age of patients was 24.48±8.67 years in sublingual group and 25.02±8.97 years in the vaginal group. The mean period of gestation was 38.26±11.23 weeks in sublingual and 38.86±1.33 weeks in the vaginal group. The mean Bishop was 3.42±1.07 in sublingual group and 3.72±1.72 in the vaginal group. Conclusion: Induction of labor, vaginal misoprostol is preferable to sublingual misoprostol when used in equivalent dosage of 50 mcg.
Genetic Diversity, Combining Ability and Heterosis in Brown Mustard

Genetic diversity and combining ability were studied in Indian brown mustard. A set of 50 geographically diverse (including 10 genetically diverse lines) lines were characterized for seed yield and their component traits. The 50 lines were grouped into nine clusters based on diversity estimates. The clustering pattern suggested that geographical diversity of a line to not necessarily an index of its genetic diversity and that selection of parents based on their diversity estimates may be useful in a cross breeding programme. The study also pointed out the predominant role of non-additive gene action for major yield traits and ways are discussed to exploit heterozygosity for heterosis breeding in this crop. In general, the performance of lines for seed yield was reflected fa their crosses. The significantly high specific combining ability effects of crosses indicated that degree of genetic diversity among lines is related to their breeding value and to the overall ability to produce heterosis.
Marginal accuracy of zirconium reinforced lithium silicate (Vita Suprinity) crowns with two marginal designs before and after cementation under thermo mechanical cycling In vitro study

The aim of the present study is to evaluate the marginal accuracy of zirconia reinforced lithium silicate (VITA SUPRINITY) single crowns with two margin designs. Conservative dentistry is a treatment procedure by which a minimum of healthy tooth structure is removed during the restoration process; it is inherently a desirable dental goal. Feather edge (knife edge) or shoulderless margin design is considered a conservative tooth preparation. With the production of recent adhesive technologies and high strength ceramic materials that can be constructed in the form of monolithic restoration, tooth structure can be preserved by prepless preparation design. Newly introduced material in dental field should pass through several in-vitro tests before any clinical application.
TRANSMISSION PROPERTIES OF TOMATO YELLOW LEAF CURL VIRUS FROM TANZANIA

The tomato yellow leaf curl virus infecting tomato plants in Tanzania is reported to be differ- ent from the Old World geminiviruses. A study was initiated to investigate the transmission proper- ties of the virus such as, acquisition feeding time, inoculation feeding time, persistence of virus in the vector, mechanical inoculation, seed and graft transmission. Results obtained indicate that the virus is transmitted persistently by Bemisia tabaci Genn. , but neither mechanically - nor seed-transmissible. Minimum acquisition and inoculation time was 30 minutes. It is concluded that the properties of the agent causing the yellow leaf curl symptoms in tomato plants from different regions of Tanzania are similar and mimic those of tomato yellow leaf curl Begomovirus species studied elsewhere.
Study of Electrolyte Profile Levels in Hypoglycemic Diabetic Mellitus in Tertiary Care Hospital

Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is usually referred as diabetes. It is a group of metabolic disorders in which there are high blood sugar levels over a long period. The main symptoms of high blood sugar are frequent urination, increased thirst, and increased hunger. Subjects and Methods: This cases control study was conducted in the Department of biochemistry in a medical college. This case control study had two groups. Each group contains 30 populations. The duration of study was over a period of six month. Results: In our study 60 total number populations were included. Total populations were divided in two group one in study group and another one control group. In the study group male were dominant followed by female. Conclusion: This study concludes that, the prevalence of Type II diabetes mellitus is increasing day by day and is associated with a very high mortality rate, reduced quality of life and high costs of treatment, despite intensive insulin treatment.HbA1c can be used as early detector of diabetic complications and hypoglycemia in addition to glycemic control. Electrolyte profile and magnesium level estimation will allow the identification of patients with diabetic complications at very early course of the disease.
Skyline Queries Computation on Crowdsourced- Enabled Incomplete Database

Data incompleteness becomes a frequent phenomenon in a large number of contemporary database applications such as web autonomous databases, big data, and crowd-sourced databases. Processing skyline queries over incomplete databases impose a number of challenges that negatively influence processing the skyline queries. Most importantly, the skylines derived from incomplete databases are also incomplete in which some values are missing. Retrieving skylines with missing values is undesirable, particularly, for recommendation and decision-making systems. Furthermore, running skyline queries on a database with incomplete data raises a number of issues influence processing skyline queries such as losing the transitivity property of the skyline technique and cyclic dominance between the tuples. The issue of estimating the missing values of skylines has been discussed and examined in the database literature. Most recently, several studies have suggested exploiting the crowd-sourced databases in order to estimate the missing values by generating plausible values using the crowd. Crowd-sourced databases have proved to be a powerful solution to perform user-given tasks by integrating human intelligence and experience to process the tasks. However, task processing using crowd-sourced incurs additional monetary cost and increases the time latency. Also, it is not always possible to produce a satisfactory result that meets the user’s preferences. This paper proposes an approach for estimating the missing values of the skylines by first exploiting the available data and utilizes the implicit relationships between the attributes in order to impute the missing values of the skylines. This process aims at reducing the number of values to be estimated using the crowd when local estimation is inappropriate. Intensive experiments on both synthetic and real datasets have been accomplished. The experimental results have proven that the proposed approach for estimating the missing values of the skylines over crowd-sourced enabled incomplete databases is scalable and outperforms the other existing approaches.
Factors Associated with High Prevalence of Entamaeba Histolytica/dispar Infection among Children in Jeddah, KSA

The prevalence and species distribution of Entamoeba histolytica and E. dispar in the Jadda region were studied. Data were collected by personal interview with all respondents over 5 years of age using a pre-designed questionnaire eliciting sociodemographic data such as age, sex, feeding health situation,education and environmental factors such as water supply. The overall prevalence of this infection was 48%, while the infection in females 48.7% more than male 47.8%. The highest prevalence of parasitic infection in the studied individuals occurred in the age-group are (1month- 6 years). While the infection in non- breast-feeding compare with breast feeding are 52.6% and 9.1% respectively. The prevalence of parasitic infection in patients used water rainage network 84.8% or non- water rainage network 37.2%. Concerning the relation between E. histolytica/dispar and level of education for pairent, It was found that the rate of infection in both mother and father was 70% and 92% respectively in Academic education. Concerning the relation between E. histolytica/dispar and health situation was 48% and 75% in normal and non normal (physical disability-mental retardation) respectively.