Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Cobble Tracking Observations at Torrey Pines State Beach, CA, USA

Cobbles provide a nature‐based method to help generate beach stability. However, few detailed cobble movement observations exist. This study deployed 344 radio‐frequency identification tagged cobbles in a California beach in November–December 2020. Coincident LiDAR surveys quantified beach morphology. Cobbles were mapped daily for 10 days and then ∼ monthly until January 2023. Cobble detection rates ranged 17%–92%, and generally declined with time (with slight increases during winter months). Cobble movement exhibited complex patterns, sometimes moving in opposing directions during the same time period. Large winter waves (up to ∼4 m) resulted in average displacements of 40 m per month between November 2020 and April 2021. From April 2021 to August 2022, most cobbles were located high on the beach and net alongshore movements were relatively low, despite several moderate size (∼2 m) wave events. The largest wave event in January 2023 (>4 m) moved cobbles to the highest elevations of the study period. The initial release location and accommodation space in the back beach influenced cobble movement and final position. Cobbles high on the beach were relatively stable compared to lower elevation cobbles, and more than half of all cobble detections were within 50 m of the initial release location. However, three cobbles moved >500 m. The probability distribution of displacement was approximately exponential. Statistically, alongshore cobble spreading followed a non‐Gaussian subdiffusive process. Despite myriad sources of noise, the results suggest that cobble shape and mass were related to maximum cobble displacement. Overall, displacements increased with incident wave energy and depended on elevation relative to total water level.
Trophic relationships in an Arctic marine foodweb and implications for trace element dynamics

Tissues of subsistence-harvested Arctic marine and terrestrial mammals and potential prey species were analyzed for isotopes of carbon and nitrogen and selected trace elements describing contaminant pathways in the food web. Feeding habits of ice seals were characterized using stable isotopes and gastric contents analysis. Bearded seals (.Erignathus barbatus) relied on the benthic food chain. Zooplankton and fishes were significant prey for ringed seals (Phoca hispida), while fishes were the principal prey in spotted seals (Phoca largha). Gastric prey composition and isotope ratios varied with age and sex. Effects of age, trophic level, and prey prevalence on trace element concentrations in seal tissues were investigated. Most trace elements differed significantly in phocid tissues. Bearded seals had the highest cadmium (Cd) concentrations and spotted seals the lowest. This indicates a connection of Cd with invertebrate prey, while mercury (Hg), in particular the proportion of organic to total Hg (THg), accumulated in the piscivorous food web. Silver (Ag) showed possible association to benthic feeding habits. Altered trace element accumulation patterns were observed in compromised seals. Stable isotopes illustrated belugas (Delphinapterus leucas) occupied a higher trophic level than bowheads (Balaena mysticetus) and gray whales (Eschrichtius robustus). Trace element concentrations also differed significantly among these cetaceans. Observed relationships with age or length in species analyzed were complex and nonlinear rather than previously reported continuous bioaccumulation with age. Cd was similar in belugas and bowheads but lowest in gray whales. THg was highest in belugas and near detection limit in mysticetes, supporting the connection of Hg with fish and Cd with invertebrates. The hepatic selenium (Se):THg ratio exceeded the frequently described equimolarity in all species. Se:THg molar ratios and tissue concentrations of zinc (Zn) may show promise as indicators of immune status and animal health. Polar bears (Ursus maritimus) feed on the highest trophic level, though Cd concentrations were either similar to, or significantly lower than those in belugas or ice seals. Conversely, THg increased significantly from seal to bear. Generally, trace elements in Alaskaharvested animals were lower than for other Arctic regions, and trace metal magnification in the Arctic food web was not significant.
EVALUATION OF SOIL MICROBIOTA ACTIVITY ON AGRONOMIC PERFORMANCE AND SOYBEAN CROP YIELD

Purpose: enable the BluSoia microbiota activator only in agronomic development and in the production of soybean crops, in a way that prioritizes sustainable development objectives. Theoretical framework: Soybean is one of the most important crops in the world, and in the current scenario, there is an attempt to produce more sustainably, with the physical, chemical and biological characteristics of the soil being the pillars. The soil microbiota is primarily responsible for affecting these characteristics and improving soil quality, which is why researchers around the world have been developing technologies that reactivate and stimulate beneficial soil microorganisms. Method/design/approach: The experiment was carried out in the city of Ronda Alta/RS, consisting of three treatments, namely: producer standard; producer standard + BluSoia; producer standard + BluSoia – inoculant. The emergence speed, plant height, number of nodes per plant, number of pods per plant, number of nodules per plant, thousand grain weight and productivity were evaluated. Results and conclusion: The producer's standard treatment + BluSoia was more prominent than the others, showing a statistical difference in the number of nodules per plant, weight of a thousand grains and productivity, a fact attributed to the greater activity of the microbiota in the soil, thus providing more nutrients, fixing more nitrogen, making the plant more resistant to attack by pests and diseases and resilient to climate change. It is concluded that the use of microbiota activator brought benefits to the soybean crop, mainly in terms of nodulation and productivity, with an increase of 3.08 bags per hectare. Research implications: for everyone involved in the soy production chain, it shows that when beneficial microorganisms in the soil are stimulated and activated, the plant responds, mainly in terms of productivity. Therefore, it is an alternative to increase productivity in a sustainable way, allowing the search for all the objectives of sustainable development. Originality/value: Soil microbiota is the key to leveraging soy yields in a sustainable way, and studies on soil microbiota activators are increasingly confirming their benefits.
Energy saving technologies and the battle of atmosphere

This paper explores how two notions of atmosphere - a climatic and an experiential - are informing everyday orchestrations of domestic spaces in Denmark. While notions of sustainability, environmental ethics and ecology dominate the public discourse, everyday lighting practices often seem to be based on quite different premises that in effect counter the contemporary discourse on environmental ethics. Based on anthropological fieldwork, the paper explores how orchestrations of atmospheres through lighting technologies are central part of social life and may shape experiences of both solitude and solidarity. Navigating between an environmental ethics of climate awareness and subjective experiences of space highlights how notions of morality and resistance are played out through atmospheric orchestrations and evaluations relating to conceptualizations of dirt and the sterile.
Measuring the Efficiency of an FCC Spectrum Auction ∗

FCC spectrum auctions sell licenses to provide mobile phone service in designated geographic territories. We propose a method to structurally estimate the deterministic component of bidder valuations and apply it to the 1995–1996 C block auction. We base our estimation of bidder values on a pairwise stability condition, which implies that two bidders cannot exchange two licenses in a way that increases total surplus. Pairwise stability holds in some theoretical models of simultaneous ascending auctions under intimidatory collusion. Pairwise stability is also approximately satisfied in data that we examine from economic experiments. The lack of post-auction resale also suggests pairwise stability. Using our estimates of deterministic valuations, we find that a system of four, large regional licenses would raise the allocative efficiency of the C block outcome by 66%. ∗Fox would like to thank the NET Institute, the Olin Foundation and the NSF, grant SES-0721036, for financial support. Bajari thanks the National Science Foundation, grants SES-0112106 and SES-0122747 for financial support. Thanks to helpful comments from Christopher Adams, Susan Athey, Lawrence Ausubel, Timothy Conley, Peter Cramton, Nicholas Economides, Philippe Fevrier, Matthew Gentzkow, Philip Haile, Ali Hortacsu, Robert Jacques, Jonathan Levin, Paul Milgrom, Harry Paarsch, Ariel Pakes, Robert Porter, Philip Reny, Bill Rogerson, Gregory Rosston, John Rust, Andrew Sweeting, Chad Syverson and Daniel Vincent. Thanks also to seminar participants at many conferences and universities. Thanks to Peter Cramton for sharing data on license characteristics, to David Porter for sharing data on experimental auctions, to Todd Schuble for help with GIS software, and to Chad Syverson for sharing data on airline travel. Excellent research assistance has been provided by Luis Andres, Wai-Ping Chim, Stephanie Houghton, Dionysios Kaltis, Ali Manning, Denis Nekipelov, David Santiago and Connan Snider. Our email addresses are jtfox@umich.edu and bajari@econ.umn. edu.
Palmitic Acid Is Not a Proper Salinity Proxy in Baffin Bay and the Labrador Sea but Reflects the Variability in Organic Matter Sources Modulated by Sea Ice Coverage

Palmitic acid (PA) is ubiquitous in the biosphere and its hydrogen isotopic composition (δ2HPA) was proposed as a potential paleoenvironmental proxy for salinity, with δ2HPA values increasing with salinity. In this study, we analyzed 40 surface sediment samples from Baffin Bay and the Labrador Sea to examine the isotopic composition of PA in relation to local environmental variables, including salinity. In contrast to expectations, our results show a negative relationship between the δ2HPA and sea‐surface salinity, raising questions about its pertinence and usefulness as a salinity proxy. Instead, our results suggest that the relative abundance of distinct organisms that employ different metabolisms is the key in determining the hydrogen isotopic fractionations in PA. While we show that PA is mostly produced through photoautotrophic metabolisms by diatoms and dinoflagellates, varying contributions from heterotrophic metabolisms may obscure the stable isotope composition of PA. Surprisingly, we found no correlation between the stable carbon isotopic composition of the sedimentary organic matter (δ13Corg) and PA (δ13CPA), implying major differences in either the dominant organisms producing sedimentary PA or in carbon isotope fractionation during lipid biosynthesis. We also found that the presence of extended sea‐ice cover leads to enriched carbon and hydrogen isotopic compositions in PA. These enriched values suggest heterotrophic biodegradation in the water column and/or in the sediment as well as an increase in grazing activities. We propose that sea‐ice cover and surface water oxygenation modulate the relative impact of phototrophic and heterotrophic metabolisms, and therefore the isotopic composition of marine sedimentary PA.
Factors Affecting Mothers' Baby Nutrition Attitudes in Postpartum Period

Aim : To investigate the factors affecting mothers' infant feeding attitudes in the postpartum period. Material and Method: Crosssectional descriptive research was carried out in a public hospital child outpatient clinic. The sample of the study consisted of 173 mothers whose babies were followed up in the pediatric outpatient clinic between April 2018 and April 2019. The data were obtained through the questionnaire form and the Infant Nutrition Attitude Scale. Results : A statistically significant difference was found in terms of Baby Nutrition Attitude Scale scores according to the mothers' mode of delivery (p=.002) and the breastfeeding status of their babies in the community (p=.002). It was determined that there was a highly positive correlation (p=.000) between the number of maternal controls during pregnancy and the total duration of breastfeeding. It was observed that there was a positive (p=.012) relationship between the number of births of the mothers and the Baby Nutrition Attitude Scale scores. İt is possible to explain approximately 12.3% of the dependent infant feeding attitude variable with the variable of maternal education and breastfeeding status in society. Conclusion : The breastfeeding attitude of mothers who gave birth by cesarean section is positive compared to mothers who gave birth normally. Mothers who have a positive breastfeeding attitude breastfeed their babies more easily in the society. As the number of mothers during pregnancy increases, the total duration of breastfeeding increases. As the number of births of mothers increases, breastfeeding attitude increases positively.
How Do Employees Perceive Corporate Responsibility? Development and Validation of a Multidimensional Corporate Stakeholder Responsibility Scale Assâad EL AKREMI

Despite the growing importance of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR), current micro-level CSR theory remains under-developed due to a lack of measure of employees’ perceptions of CSR and a neglect of the inherently multidimensional nature of CSR. Drawing on stakeholders theory and using data from 5 samples of employees (N = 3,772), we developed and validated a new measure of corporate stakeholders responsibility (CStR). CStR is defined as employees’ perceptions of corporate investments oriented towards enhancing the welfare of six stakeholder groups and conceptualized as a multidimensional super-ordinate construct. Results from firstand second-order confirmatory factor analyses and structural equation modeling provide strong support for convergent, discriminant, incremental, and criterion-related validity. Using two-wave longitudinal studies, we also found that the higher-order CStR construct predicted variance in organizational pride, organizational identification, job satisfaction and affective commitment above and beyond what is explained by overall organizational justice and prior measures of
Pulmonary Sarcoidosis and Immune Dysregulation: A Pilot Study on Possible Correlation

Background: Sarcoidosis is a systemic inflammatory disease characterized by an altered inflammatory response. Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate whether immune system alterations detected by lymphocyte typing in peripheral blood correlate with the severity of sarcoidosis, calculated according to two separate severity scores proposed by Wasfi in 2006 and Hamzeh in 2010. Materials and Methods: Eighty-one patients were recruited, and clinical data and laboratory tests at the time of diagnosis were obtained in order to assess the severity index score and investigate any statistically significant correlation with the cytofluorimetry data. Results: Our data demonstrated that none of the two scores show an association with the level of total lymphocytes or lymphocyte subclasses. Limitations: First of all, the sample taken into consideration is small. The assessment was performed only at disease onset and not during the disease. Furthermore, the severity scores do not take into account disease activity (measured by PET/CT or gallium scintigraphy). Conclusions: Lymphocyte subpopulation values at the time of diagnosis do not appear to correlate with disease severity at onset.
Different physicochemical behaviors of nitrate and ammonium during transport: a case study on Mt. Hua, China

Abstract. To understand the chemical evolution of aerosols in the transport process, the chemistry of PM2.5 and nitrogen isotope compositions on the mountainside of Mt. Hua (∼1120 m above sea level, a.s.l.) in inland China during the 2016 summertime were investigated and compared with parallel observations collected at surface sampling site (∼400 m a.s.l.). The PM2.5 exhibited a high level at the mountain foot site (MF; average 76.0±44.1 µg m−3) and could be transported aloft by anabatic valley winds, leading to the gradual accumulation of daytime PM2.5 with a noon peak at the mountainside sampling site (MS). As the predominant ion species, sulfate exhibited nearly identical mass concentrations at both sites, but its PM2.5 mass fraction was moderately enhanced by ∼4 % at the MS site. The ammonium variations were similar to the sulfate variations, the chemical forms of both of which mainly existed as ammonium bisulfate (NH4HSO4) and ammonium sulfate ((NH4)2SO4) at the MF and MS sites, respectively. Unlike sulfate and ammonium, nitrate mainly existed as ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3) in fine particles and exhibited decreasing mass concentration and proportion trends with increasing elevation. This finding was ascribed to NH4NO3 volatilization, in which gaseous HNO3 from semi-volatile NH4NO3 subsequently reacted with dust particles to form nonvolatile salts, resulting in significant nitrate shifts from fine particles into coarse particles. Such scavenging of fine-particle nitrate led to an enrichment in the daytime 15N of nitrate at the MS site compared with to the MF site. In contrast to nitrate, at the MS site, the 15N in ammonium depleted during the daytime. Considering the lack of any significant change in ammonia (NH3) sources during the vertical transport process, this 15N depletion in ammonium was mainly the result of unidirectional reactions, indicating that additional NH3 would partition into particulate phases and further neutralize HSO4- to form SO42-. This process would reduce the aerosol acidity, with a higher pH (3.4±2.2) at the MS site and lower ones (2.9±2.0) at the MF site. Our work provides more insight into physicochemical behaviors of semi-volatile nitrate and ammonium, which will facilitate the improvement in the model for a better simulation of aerosol composition and properties.
Functional Projection : How Fundamental Social Motives Can Bias Interpersonal Perception

Results from 2 experimental studies suggest that self-protection and mate-search goals lead to the perception of functionally relevant emotional expressions in goal-relevant social targets. Activating a self-protection goal led participants to perceive greater anger in Black male faces (Study 1) and Arab faces (Study 2), both out-groups heuristically associated with physical threat. In Study 2, participants’ level of implicit Arab–threat associations moderated this bias. Activating a mate-search goal led male, but not female, participants to perceive more sexual arousal in attractive opposite-sex targets (Study 1). Activating these goals did not influence perceptions of goal-irrelevant targets. Additionally, participants with chronic self-protective and mate-search goals exhibited similar biases. Findings are consistent with a functionalist, motivation-based account of interpersonal perception.
Semantic Enrichment for Recommendation of Primary Studies in a Systematic Literature

A Systematic Literature Review (SLR) identifies, evaluates and synthesizes the literature available for a given topic. This generally requires a significant human workload and has subjectivity bias that could affect the results of such a review. Automated document classification can be a valuable tool for recommending the selection of primary studies. In this paper, we propose an automated pre-selection approach based on text mining and semantic enrichment techniques. Each document candidate is firstly processed by a named entity extractor. The DBpedia URIs coming from the entity linking process are used as external sources of information. Our system collects the bag of words of those sources and it adds them to the initial document. A Multinomial Naive Bayes classifier discriminates whether the enriched document belongs to the positive example set or not. We used an existing manually performed SLR as golden dataset. We trained our system with different configurations of relevant papers and we assessed the goodness of our approach using a statistical approach. Results show a reduction of the manual workload of 18% that a human researcher has to spend. As baseline, we compared the enriched approach with one based on a normal Multinomial Naive Bayes classifier. The improvements range from 2.5% to 5% depending on the dimension of the trained model.
Effectiveness of Chlorophyll Meter Measurement in Winter Wheat at Field Scale Level

Abstract This paper examines the relationship among chlorophyll meter Yara N-Tester readings, nutrition status and growth parameters (leaf area index (LAI), plant height) of the winter wheat plants. Data used in this study were collected in 2010 from two fields located in the Czech Republic (area 52 and 38 ha) from different farms, both with uniform and conventional crop management. The monitoring of crop stands was done at growth stage BBCH 30 in a regular sampling grid with 150 m distance between points (27 and 18 points). At each sampling point, the plant height, LAI (Delta-T SunScan) and the chlorophyll concentration (Yara N-Tester) were recorded. Plant samples were taken to analyse the content of main nutrients (N, P, K, Mg, Ca and S). The results of plant analysis showed that both fields were in different nutrition status: one in a correct status and another had a complex nutritional deficit (K, Ca and N). Linear regressions and ANOVA proved that under a multiple nutritional deficit, N-Tester readings responded to the growth of the crop, while in the adequate nutritional conditions the sensitivity of N-Tester to the variation in the nitrogen concentration is lower. The relationships between crop parameters and chlorophyll meter readings are not generalisable and thus the interpretation of N-Tester results has to be done separately for each field.