Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
BIO-CONTROL AND ULTRASTRUCTURE OF POST-HARVEST PATHOGENIC FUNGI OF APPLE FRUITS

Post-harvest pathogenic fungi of fruits cause huge losses. Apples fruits are important for consumers. The antifungal activity of aqueous and ethanolic extracts of eleven medicinal plants at fives concentrations (0, 1, 3, 5, 10%; w/v) were tested against Alternaria alplateternata. Inhibition of fungal growth, along with the lower D50 values of the ethanolic extract of the tested plants compared to those of the aqueous extract exhibited more efficient antifungal activity. The ultrastructure of the fungal hyphae without treatment (control) showed normal hyphae enclosed by a wall composed of three layers in which the middle layer is more electron- denser than the outer and inner layers. An intact plasma membrane was also observed. In addition, an electron-dense material was observed at the tip of the hyphae. The cytoplasm contained several organelles. On the other hand, the treated hyphae with the ethanolic extracts of the mixture of E. citriodora and T. capitatus exhibited many changes as noted in both T.S and L.S such as the increase of the electron density of the outer layer of the hyphal wall more than the control, also numerous big lipid bodies were almost occupied the cytoplasm. Eucalyptus citridora and Thymus capitatus had a potential as antifungal agent for biocontrol of post-harvest pathogenic fungi of tested apple fruits.
Modeling microsegments of stop consonants in a hidden Markov model based word recognizer

The motivation of this study is the poor performance of speech recognizers on the stop consonants. To overcome this weakness, word initial and word final stop consonants are modeled at a subphonemic (microsegmental) level. Each stop consonant is segmented into a few relatively stationary microsegments: silence, voice bar, burst, and aspiration. Microsegments of certain phonemically different stops are trained together due to their similar spectral properties. Microsegmental models of burst and aspiration are conditioned on the adjacent vowel category: front versus nonfront vowels. The resulting context‐dependent microsegmental hidden Markov models (HMMs) for six stops possess the desired properties for a compromise between modeling accuracy and modeling robustness. They allow the recognizer to focus discrimination onto those regions of a stop that serve to distinguish it from other stops. Use of these models in recognition experiments for word lists consisting of CVC words reduces the error rate by 35% co.
Schumann resonance parameters calculated with a partially uniform knee model on Earth, Venus, Mars, and Titan

A partially uniform knee (PUK) model is a combination of two two‐dimensional telegraph equation (TDTE)‐based techniques: the “knee” model, which addresses the problem of approximating the knee‐like conductivity profile (on a semilogarithmic scale) of the Earth's ionosphere, and the global partially uniform day‐night model, which allows a convenient treatment of the day‐night asymmetry. Incorporation of the “knee” conductivity profile allows to overcome the shortcoming of the two‐exponential technique, widely used in extremely low frequency (ELF) work, too flat frequency dependence of quality factor in the Schumann resonance (SR) range (5–40 Hz). The PUK model predictions for Schumann resonance parameters reasonably represent observations in the SR frequency range. Propagation parameters for other planets were calculated on the basis of existing ionospheric models of the planets. To allow the approximation of structured conductivity profiles of Venus and Mars, the “knee” model was upgraded to a double‐“knee” by inserting an additional “knee” to the profile. In general, this technique allows to approximate very structured profiles by adding as many “knees” as necessary. Calculations show that the detection of Schumann resonances on Venus, Mars, and Titan is possible, though low‐quality factors on Mars and Titan imply that pronounced peaks are not to be presumed on these planets.
Language as Evidence in the Judicial Process of Fake News of Ferdinand Hutahaean’s Tweet Viewed from Indonesian Legal Provisions

As a means of communication, language plays a vital role in various disciplines. In the legal context, for example, the message conveyed through social media like Facebook, Instagram, Twitter, and WhatsApp can cause legal problems if it contains things prohibited by law, such as fake news and hate speech. For these facts, this current study focuses on the language of the fake news in Ferdinand Hutahaean (FH) ‘s tweet. With this focus, it explores the answers to such questions as which FH’s statement in his tweet was considered fake news, why FH’s tweet became fake news that led him to undergo a judicial process, and what legal process FH experienced. To answer these questions, the data constituting words, phrases, or sentences of FH’s statement were collected from the authentic text of FH’s tweet considered fake news. In addition, the collected data were analyzed using Miles and Huberman’s data analysis model integrated into the thematic analysis recommended by Braun and Clarke. Based on the result of the analysis, it shows that FH was found guilty because his tweet was considered fake news because he violated such Indonesian legal provisions as Article 14, paragraph 1 and paragraph 2 and Article 15 of Law No. 1/1946 about Criminal Law Regulation.
Educator perspectives on the use of technology in schools in previously disadvantaged communities

Technology plays a crucial role in education and many other sectors of the economy. The national lockdown caused by the Covid-19 pandemic has made apparent the importance of technology in education, with schools that adopted technologies continuing with teaching and learning using remote means, while other schools had to wait for physical classes to resume. The benefits of technology can only be realized if technology is adopted and accepted by the users. Educators are the key players in the success or failure of technology in education. We used an interpretivist approach to explore educator perceptions on the use of technology in South African public schools. The Motivation-Opportunity-Ability model guided the development of our data collection instruments and data analysis. Purposive sampling was used to select a public high school in an underprivileged Cape Flats community. Participants were randomly selected from the school and focus group discussions and interviews were conducted. A survey was administered to triangulate qualitative data. Results show that educators are interested in using user-friendly and effective technology. This paper comes as part of a broad study on technology in education.
Towards relativistic ECP / DFT description of chemical bonding in E112 compounds: spin-orbit and correlation effects in E112X versus HgX (X=H, Au)

The relativistic effective core potential (RECP) approach combined with the spin-orbit DFT electron correlation treatment was applied to the study of the bonding of eka-mercury (E112) and mercury with hydrogen and gold atoms. Highly accurate small-core shape-consistent RECPs derived from Hartree-Fock-Dirac-Breit atomic calculations with Fermi nuclear model were employed. The accuracy of the DFT correlation treatment was checked by comparing the results in the scalar-relativistic (spin-orbit-free) limit with those of high level scalar-relativistic correlation calculations within the same RECP model. E112H was predicted to be slightly more stable than its lighter homologue (HgH). The E112-Au bond energy is expected to be ca. 25–30 % weaker than that of Hg-Au. The role of correlations and magnetic (spin-dependent) interactions in E112-X and Hg-X (X=H, Au) bonding is discussed. The present computational procedure can be readily applied to much larger systems and seems to be a promising tool for simulating E112 adsorption on metal surfaces.
Arctic Troposphere Warming Driven by External Radiative Forcing and Modulated by the Pacific and Atlantic

During the past decades, the Arctic has experienced significant tropospheric warming, with varying decadal warming rates. However, the relative contributions from potential drivers and modulators of the warming are yet to be further quantified. Here, we utilize a unique set of multi‐model large‐ensemble atmospheric simulations to isolate the respective contributions from the combined external radiative forcing (ERF‐AL), interdecadal Pacific variability (IPV), Atlantic multidecadal variability (AMV), and Arctic sea‐ice concentration changes (ASIC) to the warming during 1979–2013. In this study, the ERF‐AL impacts are the ERF impacts directly on the atmosphere and land surface, excluding the indirect effects through SST and SIC feedback. The ERF‐AL is the primary driver of the April–September tropospheric warming during 1979–2013, and its warming effects vary at decadal time scales. The IPV and AMV intensify the warming during their transitioning periods to positive phases and dampen the warming during their transitioning periods to negative phases. The IPV impacts are prominent in winter and spring and are stronger than AMV impacts on 1979–2013 temperature trends. The warming impacts of ASIC are generally restricted to below 700 hPa and are strongest in autumn and winter. The combined effects of these factors reproduce the observed accelerated and step‐down Arctic warming in different decades, but the intensities of the reproduced decadal variations are generally weaker than in the observed.
A Dynamic-Maturational Framework for the Study of Psychosis and Attachment Theory

Attachment theory has been used to explain the origin of psychotic phenomena. In this article we critically evaluate dominant models and assessment measures of attachment in the study of psychosis. We identify four problems aligning to current theory and assessment: (1) the reliability and/or validity of assessment tools, (2) the failure of current approaches to differentiate between psychotic and non-psychotic cases within attachment classifications, (3) the absence of an integrated conceptual framework and (4) poor clinical utility. We propose the Dynamic-Maturational Model (DMM) of Attachment and Adaptation as an integrative framework with potential explanatory power to address these problems. The DMM is a model of human adaptation, based in attachment theory and integrative of systems theory, psychodynamic psychology, cognitive neuroscience, ethology and behaviourism. We review the present state of knowledge about attachment and psychosis and consider a broader array of empirical information (e.g. cognitive, affective and somatic) to highlight how future investigations and therapeutic intervention might be reconceptualised advantageously within a DMM framework.
Depression among Indonesian citizens in the post-COVID-19 pandemic era: A descriptive survey

Background: Depression is a common medical illness that affects a million of individuals around the world. The prevalence of depression is increased during the COVID-19 pandemic, but little is known if the depression persists in the post-pandemic. Objective: This study aimed to describe the current status of depression among Indonesian citizens in urban areas. Methods: A quantitative descriptive survey was used involving 105 Indonesian citizens conveniently selected from urban areas in Jakarta, Bogor, Tangerang, Depok, and Bekasi (JABODETABEK). Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) was used for online data collection using Google Forms from 6 September 2022 to 12 September 2022. Descriptive statistics were used for data analysis. Results: Of the participants, 74.3% had no depression, and 25.7% had mild depression. Those having mild depression were mainly females, those aged 20-30 years, and those working in the health sector. Conclusion: The study may provide a piece of basic information for healthcare professionals to provide mental health interventions, especially to reduce depression in the communities. However, further studies are needed to confirm the results.
Elastic electron scattering from CH4 for collision energies between 0.2 and 5 eV

Angular dependences of the elastic scattering of electrons from CH4 for impact energies between 0.2 and 5 eV in the angular range between 15 degrees and 138 degrees are presented. Absolute differential cross sections have been obtained. With the help of a phaseshift analysis, integrated cross sections are calculated. The Ramsauer minimum is found to be at a collision energy close to 0.45 eV. The sum of the integrated vibrationally elastic cross sections and the vibrational excitation cross sections yields the total cross sections. These data are compared with the recent data for sigma T of Ferch et al. (1985).
Transverse-jet shear-layer instabilities. Part 2. Linear analysis for large jet-to-crossflow velocity ratio

The dominant non-dimensional parameter for isodensity transverse jet flow is the mean jet-to-crossflow velocity ratio, R. In Part 1 (Megerian et al., J. Fluid Mech., vol. 593, 2007, p. 93), experimental results are presented for the behaviour of transverse-jet near-field shear-layer instabilities for velocity ratios in the range 1 < R ≤ 10. A local linear stability analysis is presented in this paper for the subrange R>4, using two different base flows for the transverse jet. The first analysis assumes the flow field to be described by a modified version of the potential flow solution of Coelho & Hunt (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 200, 1989, p. 95), in which the jet is enclosed by a vortex sheet. The second analysis assumes a continuous velocity model based on the same inviscid base flow; this analysis is valid for the larger values of Strouhal number expected to be typical of the most unstable disturbances, and allows prediction of a maximum spatial growth rate for the disturbances. In both approaches, results are obtained by expanding in inverse powers of R so that the free-jet results are obtained as R→∞. The results from both approaches agree in the moderately low-frequency regime. Maximum spatial growth rates and associated Strouhal numbers extracted from the second approach both increase with decreasing velocity ratio R, in agreement with the experimental results from Part 1 in the range 4<R≤10. The nominally axisymmetric mode is found to be the most unstable mode in the transverse-jet shear-layer near-field region, upstream of the end of the potential core. The overall agreement of theoretical and experimental results suggests that convective instability occurs in the transverse-jet shear layer for jet-to-crossflow velocity ratios above 4, and that the instability is strengthened as R is decreased.
Do they really care? Social desirability bias in attitudes towards corruption

Direct estimates based on election returns show that corruption is mildly punished at the polls. A large majority of survey respondents, however, often tend to state that they do not like corruption and will not support corrupt politicians. This has been interpreted as a product of social desirability bias: interviewees prefer to report socially accepted attitudes (rejection of corruption) instead of truthful responses (intention to vote for their preferred candidates regardless of malfeasance). We test to what extent this is the case by using a list experiment that allows interviewees to be questioned in an unobtrusive way, removing the possible effects of social desirability. Our results show that the great majority of respondents report intentions to electorally punish allegedly corrupt candidates even when asked in an unobtrusive way. We discuss the implications of this finding for the limited electoral accountability of corruption.
Lock-exchange gravity currents propagating in a channel containing an array of obstacles

Abstract Large eddy simulation (LES) is used to investigate the evolution of Boussinesq gravity currents propagating through a channel of height $H$ containing a staggered array of identical cylinders of square cross-section and edge length $D$ . The cylinders are positioned with their axes horizontal and perpendicular to the (streamwise) direction along which the lock-exchange flow develops. The effects of the volume fraction of solids, ${\it\phi}$ , the Reynolds number and geometrical parameters describing the array of obstacles on the structure of the lock-exchange flow, total drag force acting on the gravity current, front velocity and global energy budget are analysed. Simulation results show that the currents rapidly transition to a state in which the extra resistance provided by the cylinders strongly retards the motion and dominates the dissipative processes. A shallow layer model is also formulated and similarity solutions for the motion are found in the regime where the driving buoyancy forces are balanced by the drag arising from the interaction with the cylinders. The numerical simulations and this shallow layer model show that low-Reynolds-number currents transition to a drag-dominated regime in which the resistance is linearly proportional to the flow speed and, consequently, the front velocity, $U_{f}$ , is proportional to $t^{-1/2}$ , where $t$ is the time measured starting at the gate release time. By contrast, high-Reynolds-number currents, for which the cylinder Reynolds number is sufficiently high that the drag coefficient for most of the cylinders can be considered constant, transition first to a quadratic drag-dominated regime in which the front speed determined from the simulations is given by $U_{f}\sim t^{-0.25}$ , before undergoing a subsequent transition to the aforementioned linear drag regime in which $U_{f}\sim t^{-1/2}$ . Meanwhile, away from the front, the depth-averaged gravity current velocity is proportional to $t^{-1/3}$ , a result that is in agreement with the shallow water model. It is suggested that the difference between these two is due to mixing processes, which are shown to be significant in the numerical simulations, especially close to the front of the motion. Direct estimation of the drag coefficient $C_{D}$ from the numerical simulations shows that the combined drag parameter for the porous medium, ${\it\Gamma}_{D}=C_{D}{\it\phi}(H/D)/(1-{\it\phi})$ , is the key dimensionless grouping of variables that determines the speed of propagation of the current within arrays with different $C_{D},{\it\phi}$ and $D/H$ .
Low price anchors in equity market

Abstract This study investigates whether firm’s management uses split ratios to target low price anchors in order to impact post-split ownership. We report anchoring bias for the lowest ranges of prices in the equity market and find specific price anchors among individual investors in the secondary equity market. Initial founders/promoters may use these price anchors and target-specific post-split prices to achieve the desired ownership structure between individual and institutional investors. This study addresses the role of nominal prices in choosing to split shares in the context of a firm’s ownership structure. Our findings amplify the fact that the psychological biases of individual investor behaviour depend on share price levels, which affects the ownership structure of a firm. Our study makes three contributions. First, we provide evidence for anchoring basis among individual investors for the lowest price ranges. Thus, companies use higher split ratios to target the lowest price ranges to disperse ownership among individual investors. Second, we find that institutional investors reduce ownership in companies that target the lowest price anchors post-split. Third, promoters may use price anchors to disperse ownership among individual investors, thus maintaining control.
How has COVID-19 affected mentoring in social work practice teaching?

ABSTRACT This article is based on the premise that the Covid-19 pandemic represents an unprecedented experience in contemporary social work education, and that it presents unique challenges to all involved in practice teaching and require a comprehensive understanding of what has been termed as ‘New Normal’. The results of a survey conducted in Slovenia are presented regarding the course of practice teaching before and during the Covid-19 epidemic, the provision of mentoring support in normal and emergency situations, and the challenges of mentoring in times of changed circumstances. The findings indicated that the Covid-19 pandemic impacted the practice teaching of social work students in terms of both the content and nature of mentoring, and that the students were less satisfied with their practice teaching than they were in the pre-Covid-19 era. Nonetheless, one promising finding was that mentors supported students in an adaptive manner; therefore, the students were consequently able to acquire the necessary practical skills.
Saliency detection based on manifold learning

Visual saliency has recently attracted lots of research interest in the computer vision community. In this paper, we propose a novel computational model for bottom-up saliency detection based on manifold learning. A typical graphbased manifold learning algorithm, namely the diffusion map, is adopted for establishing our saliency model. In the proposed method, firstly, a graph is constructed using low-level image features. Then, the diffusion map algorithm is performed to learn the diffusion distances, which are utilized to derive the saliency measure. Compared to existing saliency models, our method has the advantage of being able to capture the intrinsic nonlinear structures in the original feature space. Moreover, due to the inherent characteristics of the diffusion map algorithm, our method can deal with the multi-scale issue effectively, which is crucial to any saliency model. Experimental results on publicly available data demonstrate that our method outperforms the state-of-the-art saliency models, both qualitatively and quantitatively.
Magnetocaloric effect in multilayers studied by membrane-based calorimetry

We study magnetic multilayers, incorporating dilute ferromagnetic spacers between strongly-ferromagnetic layers exhibiting a proximity-enhanced magnetocaloric effect (MCE). Using magnetometry and direct measurements of the adiabatic temperature change based on a nanomembrane-calorimetry, we find that the MCE in the studied multilayer is indeed enhanced compared to that in the bulk spacer material. We develop a phenomenological numerical model of the studied trilayer and find that a long-range exchange interaction through the weakly-ferromagnetic spacer is required to adequately describe the magnetic and magnetocaloric properties of the system.