Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Performance of Learners with Visual Impairment in Summative Evaluation in Special Schools in Kenya

Vision is the most crucial sense among the five senses. Almost 80 percent of all learning is achieved through the visual channel. Good vision is therefore paramount for learners to reach their academic potential. Lack of it can negatively affect how a learner performs in examinations. Available studies have looked at the performance of learners with visual impairment in specific subjects. The aim of the study was therefore to explore the general performance of learners with visual impairment in summative evaluation in special schools in Kenya. A survey design with qualitative research method was adopted. Examination results from four special schools for learners with visual impairment were analyzed and in addition, a questionnaire was used to solicit more information from teachers who taught the classes under study. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze data and findings were presented in tables and percentages. Findings indicated that; learners with visual impairment generally performed poorly in examinations. Mathematics and sciences were the worst done at secondary school level where as Kiswahili and Social studies were the two worst performed at primary school level.
REAL TIME OBJECT DETECTION AND RECOGNITION SYSTEM TO ASSIST THE VISUALLY IMPAIRED

: The human visual system is fast and accurate and can perform complex tasks like identifying multiple objects and detect obstacles with minute precision. Also humans can easily detect and identify objects present in the surroundings or in an image. Now with developments in web and computer vision technologies, we are detecting objects in images and videos with high speed and accuracy using machines. We are using the same technology for helping visually impaired in their daily routine.
Pearson correlations on complex networks

Complex networks are useful tools to understand propagation events like epidemics, word-of-mouth, adoption of habits, and innovations. Estimating the correlation between two processes happening on the same network is therefore an important problem with a number of applications. However, at present there is no way to do so: current methods either correlate a network with itself, a single process with the network structure, or calculate a network distance between two processes. In this paper, we propose to extend the Pearson correlation coefﬁcient to work on complex networks. Given two vectors, we deﬁne a function that uses the topology of the network to return a correlation coefﬁcient. We show that our formulation is intuitive and returns the expected values in a number of scenarios. We also demonstrate how the classical Pearson correlation coefﬁcient is unable to do so. We conclude the paper with two case studies, showcasing how our network correlation can facilitate tasks in social network analysis and economics. We provide examples of how we could use our network correlation to infer user characteristics from their activities on social media; and relationships between industrial products, under some assumptions as to what should make two exporting countries similar.
The impact of climate shocks on consumption and the consumption distribution in India

This dissertation examines the impact of climate shocks, measured as temperature and precipitation variability, on monthly per capita consumption expenditure of Indian households over the 1988-2012 period, utilising data from NSSO’s Consumer Expenditure Surveys. Results show an increase in consumption by 1.2 per cent on average in response to a one standard deviation rise in temperature, with heterogeneous impacts across consumption deciles. The bottom 70 per cent individuals experience consumption declines, while the top 30 per cent observe a rise in consumption. This rise is explained in part, by an increase in electricity usage in response to temperature shocks, by the top 20 per cent individuals, thus mirroring the rise in total consumption. The findings highlight the increase in inequality due to climate shocks and a rise in energy demand by richer individuals, with implications for future climate and economic policy. JEL Classification: Q54 Q50 Q15
The Effects of Alcohol on the Developing Drosophila Nervous System

Ethanol is the most common human teratogen, contributing to fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) when effects are the most severe. Key effects of fetal alcohol syndrome are observed in the nervous system. The high prevalence of prenatal alcohol exposure necessitates novel treatment and prevention methods. However, ethical issues prevent researching humans in utero. For this reason, the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster has emerged as a model organism for studying FAS. Because Drosophila is a small and non-placental organism, its environment can be easily controlled, allowing for specific doses and time periods of ethanol exposure to be studied. This review discusses findings related to the impact of alcohol on the developing Drosophila nervous system. Findings related to reactive oxygen species (ROS) exposure, a consequence of prenatal alcohol exposure due to the metabolism of alcohol, are emphasized. Impacts of ethanol on insulin signaling and epidermal growth factors are also mentioned. Further research on Drosophila nervous system development under ethanol exposure may prove beneficial in the treatment and prevention of FAS.
Interactive discussion on “ Molecular understanding of new-particle formation from alpha-pinene between-50 ° C and 25 ° C ” by

Highly-oxygenated organic molecules (HOMs) contribute substantially to the formation and growth of atmospheric aerosol particles, which affect air quality, human health and Earth’s climate. HOMs are formed by rapid, gas-phase autoxidation of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) such as α-pinene, the most abundant monoterpene in the atmosphere. Due 55 to their abundance and low volatility, HOMs can play an important role for in new-particle formation (NPF) and the early growth of atmospheric aerosols, even without any further assistance of other low-volatility compounds such as sulfuric acid. Both the autoxidation reaction forming HOMs and their new-particle formation rates are expected to be strongly dependent on temperature. However, experimental data on both effects are limited. Dedicated experiments were performed at the CLOUD (Cosmics Leaving OUtdoor Droplets) chamber at CERN to address this question. In this study, we show that a decrease in 60 temperature (from +25 to -50 °C) results in a reduced HOM yield and reduced oxidation state of the products, whereas the new-particle formation rates (J1.7nm ) increase substantially. Measurements with two different chemical ionization mass spectrometers (using nitrate and protonated water as reagent ion, respectively) provide the molecular composition of the gaseous oxidation products, and a 2-dimensional volatility basis set model (2D-VBS) provides their volatility distribution. The HOM yield decreases with temperature from 6.2 % at 25 °C to 0.7 % at -50 °C. However, there is a strong reduction of the 65 saturation vapor pressure of each oxidation state as the temperature is reduced. Overall, the reduction in volatility with temperature leads to an increase in the nucleation rates by up to three orders of magnitude at -50 °C compared with 25 °C. In addition, the enhancement of the nucleation rates by ions decreases with decreasing temperature, since the neutral molecular clusters have increased stability against evaporation. The resulting data quantify how the interplay between the temperaturedependent oxidation pathways and the associated vapor pressures affect biogenic new-particle formation at the molecular level. 70 Our measurements, therefore, improve our understanding of pure biogenic new-particle formation for a wide range of tropospheric temperatures and precursor concentrations.
Clarifying Agreement Calculations and Analysis for End-User Elicitation Studies

We clarify fundamental aspects of end-user elicitation, enabling such studies to be run and analyzed with confidence, correctness, and scientific rigor. To this end, our contributions are multifold. We introduce a formal model of end-user elicitation in HCI and identify three types of agreement analysis: expert , codebook , and computer . We show that agreement is a mathematical tolerance relation generating a tolerance space over the set of elicited proposals. We review current measures of agreement and show that all can be computed from an agreement graph . In response to recent criticisms, we show that chance agreement represents an issue solely for inter-rater reliability studies and not for end-user elicitation, where it is opposed by chance disagreement . We conduct extensive simulations of 16 statistical tests for agreement rates, and report Type I errors and power. Based on our findings, we provide recommendations for practitioners and introduce a five-level hierarchy for elicitation studies.
DIVERSITY OF WILD MUSHROOM FROM FOOTHILL REGION OF UTTARAKHAND, INDIA : NEW REPORTS

The present investigation was undertaken in foothill regions of Uttarakhand from July-2016 to December-2019. A total of thirty four different sites ranging from the roadside areas, grasslands to forests were studied and Mushroom fruiting bodies were collected. A total of One Hundred sixty six fruiting counts were obtained and 68 mushroom genera belonging to 15 orders and 43 families were identified. Mushroom were obtained from organic debris of diversified habitats ranging from humid soil; grassland; leaf litter; living tree trunk; dead wood log of forest zone. Maximum fruiting bodies (75%) were obtained between July to September and minimum i.e., 6% between November – February. Out of all collected mushroom sample the frequency of Mushroom belonging to order Agaricales was 45.18% followed by Polyporales i.e., 27.7%. Comparative statistical study revealed that Schizophyllum commune has been the most dense (1.85±0.33) while Crepidotus variabilis, Schizophyllum commune, Ganoderma applantum were most frequent (14.71%±0.04) followed by Laccaria laccata and Chlorophyllum molybdites (11.46%±0.04). The collected mushroom were cultured on PDA medium and their mycelial forms were preserved for further studies.
The effect of fluoxetine and imipramine on the improvement of depressive-like behaviors and HPA axis (hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal cortex) activity – an animal model

Depression is one of the most common mental disorders and numerous medications are used to reduce the psychotic symptoms. The aim of this study was to evaluate the therapeutic effects of two commonly used antidepressant drugs, including Fluoxetine (Flx) and Imipramine (IMP) to improve depressive-like behaviors as well as the activity of hypothalamic pituitary-adrenal cortex (HPA). Methods: Initially, 40 adult male albino rats weighing 25±5g were selected for this experimental study. The animals were kept or housed in separate cages under standard temperature (25±1°C) and light-dark conditions (12 hours light/dark cycle). Rats were divided into four groups: each group containing 10 rats, control, immobility stress, Flx receiver, and IMP receiver. Polyethylene restrainer was used to induce immobility stress for 14 days. Finally, the parameters of IMT, ST, serum levels of corticosterone and glucose were evaluated in all four mentioned groups. Results: The results showed that the patient group's immobility time (IMT) increased compared to the control group, but the patient group's swimming time (ST) decreased compared to the control group. The effect of immobility stress on IMT, ST, corticosterone, and glucose factors in the patient group was increasing and decreasing, respectively, whereas the effect of Flx drug on these mentioned factors was decreasing, increasing and respectively, while the effect of IMP on all mentioned factors was decreasing and increasing, respectively. Conclusion: Based on the results, it can be concluded that the antidepressant Flx and IMP drugs have various effects on the HPA activity, and the application of immobility stress causes depressive-behavior. Moreover, Flx is more effective than IMP in the treatment of depressive behaviors
CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE LEADS TO HYPO REGENERATIVE ANEMIA DUE TO ERYTHROPOIETIN DEFICIENCYIN AL-NAJAF AL-ASHRAF GOVERNORATE

Long-term renal impairment (CKD) is defined as an abnormally high serum creatinine level that persists for more than 3 months or an estimated kidney function rate (GFR) that is less than 60 milliliters per minute/1.73 cubic meters per minute (mL/min/1,73 m2). It is frequently associated with a gradual decrease of kidney function that necessitates the use of renal replacement medication (dialysis or transplantation). End-stage renal disease (ESRD) is a medical illness that occurs when a patient requires renal replacement therapy (1)
Tropical rainfall drop‐size distribution

Based on disdrometer measurements carried out in Brazil, this paper discusses the problem of rainfall drop-size distribution in tropical areas and its effect on radiowave propagation at frequencies above 10 GHz. A comparison between Laws and Parsons and lognormal models is made. In spite of the best fit to the experimental data shown by the lognormal distribution, in the range from 10 to 20 GHz there is no significant difference between the two models. However, as the frequency increases this difference becomes larger and may be an important source of error in the design of both terrestrial and satellite links in low-latitude regions. Similar results from Nigeria (Africa) are also taken into account.
CHILD INTERACTION: AN ANALYSIS OF COGNITIVE PERSPECTIVE OF CHILD’S DEVELOPMENT AT UMLING C & RD BLOCK

The study deals with the issue of child’s cognitive development in the light of child’s interaction with one’s own environment. Descriptive method, with qualitative approach was used in the process of conducting the research. The population consisted of 62 children, which 10 children were drawn as the sample from the population using convenient sampling technique. The findings of the study revealed that each child used both physical skills (fine and gross motor skills) as well as psychological skills (verbal and non-verbal) throughout the interaction. It was also found that these skills help a child to grow physically as well as develop mentally. Therefore, the finding showed that each child’s interaction with one’s own environment develop and enlarge his/her cognitive ability. In this regards the study suggested that it is mandatory to each one who are parts of child’s life to understand and learn the foundation and strategies on how to encourage and promote child’s development.
The end of tourist traps: a natural experiment on the impact of Tripadvisor on quality upgrading∗

Asymmetric information can distort market outcomes. I study how the online disclosure of information affects consumers’ behavior and firms’ incentives to upgrade product quality in markets where information is traditionally limited. I first build a model of consumer search with firms’ endogenous quality decisions. In this model, lower search costs reallocate market shares toward higher-quality producers, raising firms’ incentives to upgrade quality, and more so for firms selling ex-ante lower-quality products. I then use the access to online reviews as a proxy for consumers’ information costs and estimate its impact on the restaurant industry in Rome, exploiting the abolition of mobile roaming charges in the EU in 2017 for identification. Based on a unique dataset combining monthly information from Tripadvisor with administrative social-security records, I find that, after the policy, consumers reallocate their demand toward higher-rated restaurants, whose revenues and total employment grow by 6%. Lowerrated restaurants, in turn, are three times more likely to exit the market than higher-rated establishments, and those that survive hire workers with higher wages and better curricula, eventually improving their Tripadvisor ratings. Overall, the share of lower-rated restaurants in the most tourist areas decreases by more than 3 pp. My findings have implications for the role of review platforms on the performance of offline industries under asymmetric information.
Experimental Investigations on Wear Properties of Al-7075/ZrO2/ Coal bottom ash Metal Matrix Composites

Aluminium alloys and its composites have a huge requirement in the field of automobile, aerospace and other versatile engineering applications. The present study deals with Al 7075 as base matrix material, whereas ceramic particle like zirconium oxide (ZrO2) and bottom fly ash are used as reinforcements for the production of hybrid composites. Four different MMC specimens were produced with 2% ZrO2, 4%ZrO2, 6%ZrO2, 8%ZrO2 and 10% of coal bottom ash is constant in every sample. Wear properties are studied on the fabricated composite specimens. Morphological studies are also studied on the tested samples using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) to observe the bonding between matrix and reinforcements. Good wear resistant is achieved for third specimen i.e 6% ZrO2 at 10% coal bottom ash. SEM testing results in study of various bonding structure at different microns.
ASSESSMENT OF FRENECTOMY PROCEDURES DONE USING CONVENTIONAL AND LASER TECHNIQUE

Aim: The aim of the study was to retrospectively analyse the prevalence of laser frenectomy and conventional frenectomy in patients undergoing frenectomy/ frenotomy procedures at Saveetha Dental college. Materials and Methods: Retrospective data of 102 patients was obtained and segregated. The inclusion criteria includes, patients below 70 years of age who underwent frenectomy/frenotomy and visited between June 2019 to April 2020. The data was obtained and it was statistically analyzed using SPSS by IBM version 20. Results: As per the analysis of the variables considered in this retrospective study a total of 43.1% males and 56.9% females comprised the total study population of 102 patients who underwent frenectomy/frenotomy and visited between June 2019 to April 2020. The mean + or the standard deviation = 29.27 + 12.7 years. Based on the arch 54.9% of the treatments were performed in the maxillary arch while only 45.1% were in the mandibular arch. Conventional frenectomy/frenotomy was performed more frequently than laser with a percentage of 75.5% against 24.5%. Conclusion: Within the limits of the present study it is observed that Conventional Frenectomy is performed more often than laser, this brings into question the awareness regarding the same among practitioners.
Separation Research of Ultrasonic Wave in Transformer Partial Discharge Based on Improved Waveform Matching

The use of direct wave to locate the position of the PD source is of better accuracy in transformer partial discharge ultrasound array positioning. For the signal received by ultrasonic sensor is consisted by direct wave, non-direct wave and a variety of noise, a direct wave separation method based on improved waveform matching is proposed in this paper. It is considered that the direct wave first reaches the ultrasonic sensor. A benchmarks triangle is built and then the attenuation coefficient and the signal frequency are both calculated. In order to search the matching wave, the benchmarks triangle is to pan and zoom. Finally, the best matching waveform is selected from a large number of matching waveforms as a direct wave signal. The result of simulation shows that the method can isolate the ultrasonic direct wave signal from the received signal, which provides some theoretical guidance to improve the position accuracy of the PD source.
Difficulties in Translating TV Programs in English into Vietnamese: A Study at Lam Dong Radio - Television Station

Over the last three decades, Vietnam has been integrated into various international organizations and communities, first in the Asian region and then in the world. In this process of integration, the use of foreign languages has become significant. Among them, English has become the language to fill the gap between cultures, developed a market-oriented economy, contributed to diplomatic relations and improved national security. More and more multinational residents speak English. It is important that the Vietnamese people learn English so they also can communicate with this growing number of international citizens.
Abstract. Trifluridine (FTD)/tipiracil (TPI) plus bevacizumab (Bev) is a promising late‐line treatment in metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). Although chemotherapy‐induced neutropenia (CIN) is a well‐known predictor of FTD/TPI efficacy, whether CIN is a predictive marker of efficacy for FTD/TPI + B

Trifluridine (FTD)/tipiracil (TPI) plus bevacizumab (Bev) is a promising late‐line treatment in metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). Although chemotherapy‐induced neutropenia (CIN) is a well‐known predictor of FTD/TPI efficacy, whether CIN is a predictive marker of efficacy for FTD/TPI + Bev remains unclear. Thus, the present study aimed to investigate the clinical outcomes of FTD/TPI + Bev and the predictive markers of its efficacy. Clinical data of patients with mCRC who received FTD/TPI + Bev at the Cancer Institute Hospital between January 2017 and August 2020 were retrospectively collected. Disease control rate (DCR), progression‐free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS) and safety were assessed. In addition, subgroup analyses of prognostic and predictive efficacy markers were performed. In total, 94 patients (median age, 60.0 years; age range, 32‐82 years; 37 men and 57 women) were included in the present study. The DCR was 44.7%, the median PFS time was 2.9 months (2.3‐4.1 months) and the median OS time was 10.0 months (7.3‐11.1 months). Grade 3 or 4 CIN within the first cycle of treatment occurred in 27.7% of patients, which was significantly associated with a longer PFS time than those who did not develop CIN [3.8 months (2.3‐8.4 months) vs. 2.7 months (1.8‐4.0 months); P=0.008]. Furthermore, the DCR was higher in patients with grade 3 or 4 CIN within the first cycle of treatment than those without CIN (61.5 vs. 38.2%; P=0.07). Multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed that grade 3 or 4 CIN within the first cycle of treatment are independent predictors for a longer PFS time (P=0.01). Taken together, the results of the present study suggest that grade 3 or 4 CIN within the first cycle of treatment are early predictors of the efficacy of FTD/TPI + Bev.