Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Phacoemulsification: Proposals for Improvement in Its Application

A cataract is defined as opacity of the crystalline lens. It is currently one of the most prevalent ocular pathologies and is generally associated with aging. The most common treatment for cataracts is surgery. Cataract surgery is a quick and painless process, is very effective, and has few risks. The operation consists of removing the opacified lens and replacing it with an intraocular lens. The most common intraocular lens removal procedure that is currently used is phacoemulsification. The energy applied in this process is generated by ultrasonic waves, which are mechanical waves with a frequency higher than 20 kHz. A great deal of research on the different ways to perform the stages of this surgical procedure and the analysis of the possible side effects of the operation has been published, but there is little information on the technical characteristics, the intensities applied, and the use of ultrasound-emitting (U/S) equipment for cataract removal. More studies on the method and depth of absorption of ultrasonic waves in our visual system when performing the phacoemulsification procedure are needed. It would be advisable for health authorities and medical professionals to develop guidelines for the handling and use of ultrasonic wave-emitting equipment, such as those that exist for ultrasound and physiotherapy. This could help us to reduce undesirable effects after the operation.
Theory and practical calculation of antireflection coatings on semiconductor laser diode optical amplifiers

The reflectivity of the end facet of a 3-D dielectric waveguide can be easily calculated, in case of weak guidance, by replacing the waveguide with a homogeneous medium of refractive index n/sub eq/ while the incident electric (or magnetic) field remains that of the guided mode. The calculation is done through a plane-wave expansion of the incident field; a practical algorithm is given to cope with multidielectric coatings. This process naturally emerges when exact equations are expanded in terms of powers of the weak guidance parameter and it leads to a 1st-order approximation of the reflectivity (i.e. within 2nd-order error) when n/sub eq/ is suitably chosen. The facet can be normal or angled with respect to the waveguide axis. < >
Packaged 1.55 mu m DFB laser with 25 GHz modulation bandwidth

25 GHz modulation bandwidth is achieved from a fully packaged 1.55 mu m DFB laser, using devices with p-doped compressively strained MQW active regions and large negative wavelength detuning. Devices on submounts show a record bandwidth of 26 GHz, limited by device and bonding parasitics. Resonance frequencies of over 26 GHz are measured. >
Robust optimisation of machining conditions with tool life and surface roughness uncertainties

The economics of the multi-pass turning problem is considered, while accounting for tool life uncertainty. The goal is to minimise the expected production cost per part, given the probability distribution for tool life, and with machining parameters being subject to practical constraints. The cost function accounts for machining cost, idling cost, tool changing cost as well as the cost associated with tool failure. A modified version of the particle swarm optimisation (PSO) algorithm, called the dynamic objective PSO (or DOPSO), is used for minimisation of the cost function. The decision variables include not only the machining parameters but also the tool replacement time. The equality constraint that the total desired depth of cut be achieved by an integral number of roughing passes and a single finishing pass is handled in a novel way, and together with including tool replacement time as a decision variable, this leads to lower costs than those cited by other comparable previous works. To handle uncertain constraints that lead to part failure when violated (e.g. desired surface finish), a robust formulation is also suggested through similar incorporation in the cost function, as for tool failure.
Noise Sensitivity and Multiple Chemical Sensitivity

Noise sensitivity is a personality trait covering attitudes to noise in general. Multiple chemical sensitivity (MCS) is the most commonly used label for clinical chemical intolerance. This study aimed to investigate if the Weinstein's Noise Sensitivity Scale and Quick Environmental Exposure and Sensitivity Inventory's (QEESI) Chemical Intolerance Subscale differentiate noise sensitivity and MCS as different entities. In 2002, 327 individuals (166 men, 161 women; age range 45–66 years) from the Finnish Twin Cohort answered a questionnaire. Factor analyses of the questionnaire items indicated the presence of three factors - Noise Sensitivity, Chemical Sensitivity, and Ability to Concentrate factors. Among all subjects, the Noise Sensitivity Factor was associated with neuroticism and smoking, and the Chemical Sensitivity Factor was associated with allergies and alcohol use. The study indicates that the Weinstein's Noise Sensitivity Scale and QEESI's Chemical Intolerance Subscale differentiate noise sensitivity and MCS as different entities.
Combined Damping Effect of Two Dampers on a Stay Cable

The combined effect of two dampers, either on the same end or opposite ends of a stay cable, is analytically studied in this paper. By considering small distances of the dampers from the anchorages, an asymptotic formula for the modal damping ratio of the cable is derived from which the total damping effect is presented in an explicit form. It is shown that when two dampers are installed at opposite ends of the cable, the total damping effect is asymptotically the sum of the contributions from single dampers. On the contrast, if two dampers are at the same end, there is no advantage of increasing the maximum modal damping in the cable over the use of a single damper.
Review of diesel emissions and control

Abstract This summary covers key and representative developments in diesel emissions regulations, engine developments, and nitrogen oxide (NO x ), particulate matter (PM), and hydrocarbon (HC) remediation. In California discussions are taking place on another round of criteria pollutant tightening on light duty. Carbon dioxide (CO2) regulations are being discussed in the developed markets. The US mandates on fuel economy and the proposed standards in Europe and California will result in a paradigm shift, wherein technologies previously rejected based on customer value will now be re-evaluated. Heavy-duty regulatory developments are now focused on Europe, where Euro VI regulations have been proposed for about 2013. The regulations are intended to be technology harmonizing with the US and Japanese regulations. Engines are continuing to make very impressive progress, with clean combustion strategies in active development mainly for US light-duty application. Heavy-duty research engines are more focused on traditional approaches, and will provide numerous engine/aftertreatment options for hitting the tight US 2010 regulations. NO x control is focusing on selective catalytic reduction (SCR) for diverse applications. Zeolite catalysts will be the mainstay for Japan, US, and Euro VI applications. The focus is catalyst improvements and system optimization. Lean NO x traps (LNTs) are effective up to about 70–80 per cent deNO x efficiency, and are being used for light-duty applications with significant improvements coming on precious metal utilization. Diesel particulate filter (DPF) technology is in a state of optimization and cost reduction. Very sophisticated management strategies are being utilized, which open up options for new filter materials and alternative system architectures. New catalyst formulations that oxidize soot at the catalyst—soot interface are emerging and are enhancing regeneration in the first commercial applications. Diesel oxidation catalysts (DOCs) are lighting-off and generating more NO2 for DPF regeneration at lower temperatures. For a more comprehensive review of these technologies the reader is directed to Johnson, T. V. , Diesel emissions in review, SAE 2008-01-0121.
A random process for earthquake simulation

Some existing models for the simulation of earthquake acceleration show the difficulties in determining the involved parameters and in describing frequency content. A non-stationary modulated random process obtained as the product of a time envelope function and a stationary random function is used to simulate earthquake acceleration. The parameters and the distribution of frequencies of the simulation process are obtainable from past earthquake records. This simple and realistic model is suggested for use as the input process in aseismic design of structures.
Clinical significance of mitochondrial DNA content in acute promyelocytic leukaemia

Although a growing body of evidence demonstrates that altered mtDNA content (mtDNAc) has clinical implications in several types of solid tumours, its prognostic relevance in acute promyelocytic leukaemia (APL) patients remains largely unknown. Here, we show that patients with higher‐than‐normal mtDNAc had better outcomes regardless of tumour burden. These results were more evident in patients with low‐risk of relapse. The multivariate Cox proportional hazard model demonstrated that high mtDNAc was independently associated with a decreased cumulative incidence of relapse. Altogether, our data highlights the possible role of mitochondrial metabolism in APL patients treated with ATRA.
Application of Z-numbers to teleconnection modeling between monthly precipitation and large scale sea surface temperature

The teleconnection modeling of hydro-climatic events is a complex problem with highly uncertain circumstances. In contrast to the classic fuzzy logic methods, by using the Z-number in addition to the constraint of information, and by evaluating the data reliability, it is possible to characterize the degree of ambiguity of data. In this regard, this study investigates the performance of the Z-number-based model (ZBM) in prediction of classified monthly precipitation (MP) events of two synoptic stations in Iran (up to five months in advance). To this end, the sea surface temperature (SST) of adjacent seas was used as a predictor. The suggested model, by using of Z-number directly and applying fuzzy Hausdorff distance to determine weights of if-then rules, predicted MP events of both the stations with over 70% confidence. Analysis of the results in the test step showed that the ZBM compared to the traditional fuzzy approach improved the results by 69% for Kermanshah and 112% for Tabriz. Overall, the Z-number concept by assessing events reliability, can be used in various sectors of water resources management such as decision-making and drought monitoring.
A Qualitative Study of Living in a Healthy Food Priority Area in One Seattle, WA, Neighborhood

Policy makers in several major cities have used quantitative data about local food environments to identify neighborhoods with inadequate access to healthy food. We conducted qualitative interviews with residents of a healthy food priority area to assess whether residents’ perceptions of food access were consistent with previous quantitative findings, and to better understand lived experience of food access. We found that proximity to stores, transportation mode, and cost shaped decisions about food shopping. The local food bank played an important role in improving food access. Participants had varied suggestions for ways to improve the neighborhood, both related and unrelated to the food environment.
PRODUÇÃO E QUALIDADE DE LEITE DE VACAS DE DIFERENTES GRUPOS GENÉTICOS

The aim was to evaluate the production and quality of milk of dairy to two genetic groups. Were used 32 crossbred dairy in early lactation, with a mean age of 4.7 years old and belonging to genetic groups: Holstein (16 animals) and Brown-Swiss (16 animals). The daily milk production was obtained from measurements monthly for six months. Milk quality was evaluated according to the fat, protein, lactose, total solids, solids defatted and somatic cell count (SCC). Not was difference in milk production of the two genetic groups evaluated well as for the content of protein, lactose and solids defatted. Regarding the fat content, it was observed that milk of Brown Swiss dairies had a higher content (3.43%) compared to milk produced by Holstein dairies (2.85%). This result influenced the total solids content, so the milk of the BRS also showed higher contents of total solids (12.17%) compared to the HOL dairies (11.72%). Observed higher SCC in milk from dairies HOL (297.83 one thousand cel.mL-1) in relation to milk the BRS (142.120 one thousand cel.mL-1).
Population Health Status of the Republic of Kazakhstan: Trends and Implications for Public Health Policy

The Republic of Kazakhstan began undergoing a political, economic, and social transition after 1991. Population health was declared an important element and was backed with a substantial commitment by the central government to health policy. We examine key trends in the population health status of the Republic of Kazakhstan and seek to understand them in relation to the ongoing political, economic, and social changes in society and its aspirations in health policy. We used the Global Burden of Disease database and toolkit to extract and analyze country-specific descriptive data for the Republic of Kazakhstan to assess life expectancy, child mortality, leading causes of mortality, disability-adjusted life years, and causes and number of years lived with disability. Life expectancy declined from 1990 to 1996 but has subsequently recovered. Ischemic heart disease, stroke, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease remain among the leading causes of death; child mortality for children under 5 years has declined; and cardiovascular risk factors account for the greatest cause of disability. Considering its socioeconomic development over the last two decades, Kazakhstan continues to lag behind OECD countries on leading health indictors despite substantial investments in public health policy. We identify seven strategic priorities to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of the health care system.
The Impact of COVID‐19 on the Dietary Diversity of Children and Adolescents: Evidence from a Rural/Urban Panel Study

Abstract This paper offers the first empirical evidence of the impact of COVID‐19 on dietary diversity among children and adolescents in urban and rural families by using panel data collected in 2019 (before COVID‐19) and 2020 (during COVID‐19) in northern China. Our study uses panel data from 2,201 primary school students and 1,341 junior high‐school students to apply the difference in differences (DID) method to estimate the impact of COVID‐19 on dietary diversity among students in urban and rural families. We found that the dietary diversity score (DDS) of rural students decreased by 0.295 points (p < 0.01) compared with that of urban students during COVID‐19. Specifically, COVID‐19 significantly reduced the frequency of rural students' consumption of vegetables by 1.8 percent, protein‐rich foods such as soybean products and nuts by 6.0 percent, meats by 4.0 percent, aquatic products by 6.7 percent, and eggs by 5.3 percent, compared with urban students. Further, COVID‐19 had a significant negative effect on the dietary diversity of students from low‐ and middle‐income groups, with the DDS of the low‐income group decreasing by 0.31 points (p < 0.01) and that of the middle‐income group by 0.12 points (p < 0.1).
A Qualitative Examination of the Parent–Teacher Relationship and Early Childhood Expulsion

Supplemental Digital Content is Available in the Text. Children in the United States are being expelled from their early care and education settings at alarming rates. A growing body of research indicates that teachers' perceptions of parents may impact their decision to request a child's removal from their classroom. Nevertheless, few studies have simultaneously captured the voices of both parents and teachers when describing the process of expulsion and how the parent–teacher relationship can protect a child from being expelled. To identify and describe protective qualities of the parent–teacher relationship, we conducted in-depth qualitative interviews with 8 parents and 8 early childhood teachers currently working with a child who was previously expelled. The parents and teachers interviewed consistently attributed the successful retention of the child in their current program following the expulsion to the transparent and open communication between home and school. Our findings indicate that one particularly important area for intervention is promoting high-quality parent–teacher relationships for all children, with special attention to how these relationships may differ for children who have previously been expelled.
Noncoherent sequence detection of coded linear modulations

New noncoherent sequence detection algorithms for combined demodulation and decoding of coded amplitude/phase modulations transmitted over additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channels are presented. Optimal noncoherent sequence detection requires a tree search and a complexity exponentially increasing with the duration of the transmission. In order to realize simple suboptimal receivers based on the Viterbi algorithm (VA), approximate schemes are proposed, characterized by a performance which approaches that of coherent detection. In the proposed schemes the tradeoff between complexity and performance is simply controlled by a parameter referred to as implicit phase memory and the number of trellis states. These schemes represent a significant improvement over previous results.
Hand MoCap using an individual model with a skeleton and a surface skin

This paper proposes a method to reconstruct hand behaviour from motion capture (MoCap) data by building an individual hand model. The hand model consists of a surface skin and a skeleton link and can change its posture arbitrarily. To build the individual hand model, our system uses a palmar side photo and marker positions captured simultaneously by MoCap. From this modelling scan, several hand dimensions and marker positions are obtained. Joint centres are estimated based on regression analysis of joint centres with marker positions and hand dimensions derived from magnetic resonance image (MRI) data of eight subjects. The skin surface is built by scaling a generic hand model so that it satisfies the measured dimensions. The proposed system was validated through experiments that built hand models of ten subjects and that compared reconstructed dorsal shape of one of the subjects when grasping a cylinder.
Segmentation of lung computed tomography images based on SegNet in the diagnosis of lung cancer

ABSTRACT Objective: To apply SegNet approach to establish an auxiliary diagnosis model for lung cancer based on lung computed tomography (CT) image scores, and to explore its value in distinguishing benign and malignant lung CT images. Methods: We selected 240 patients, half of whom were diagnosed as early-stage lung cancer, and half were diagnosed as benign lung nodules. This paper proposes a based on SegNet recognition technology to segment images, and compares the sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, total image segmentation time, and overlap rate of Deeplab v3, VGG 19 and manual image segmentation for lung cancer. Results: The overlap rate of the SegNet model is 95.11%, and the overlap rate closest to manual segmentation is 95.26%. The overlap rate of Deeplab v3 and VGG 19 is much lower than that of manual segmentation. The SegNet model has a sensitivity of 98.33%, a specificity of 86.67%, an accuracy of 92.50%, and a total segmentation time of 30.42 s, which is shorter than manual segmentation. Conclusion: Based on SegNet recognition technology, it can effectively improve the diagnostic sensitivity of early lung cancer, and assist physicians to screen early lung cancer more effectively and quickly, which is worthy of clinical promotion.
Correlation between Endocervical Length in the First Trimester and Spontaneous Preterm Delivery

Introduction: Prematurity is a public health problem in Brazil, with 12% of deliveries occurring before 37 weeks of gestation. The measurement of the cervix in the second trimester is already established as a method of screening for prematurity and some studies point out advantages to start this screening in the first trimester. Objective: To define the correlation between the length of the endocervix by transvaginal ultrasound in the first trimester (11 to 14 weeks) with spontaneous early deliveries. Method: A prospective and observational study realized in a suplementar and private ultrasound clinic and hospital of Porto Alegre, Brazil between 2019-2020. Ultrasound screening of cervix was performed in singleton pregnancies in first and second trimester of pregnancy and correlated with age of delivery. Results: 142 pregnant women were studied, 80% were in the first pregnancy. The average age was 33.8 years. The rate of prematurity was 18% before 37 weeks and 4% before 34 weeks. The average of cervix measured in the first and second trimesters in deliveries before 34 weeks was 32.7 mm and 29.3 mm, respectively. In term deliveries the median cervical length was 38.8 mm and 37.8 mm, respectively. When analyzing the measurements of the cervix in the second trimester, the cervix was smaller (p = 0.008) among deliveries below 34 weeks (29 mm) than deliveries after 37 weeks. No statistically related differences were found between preterm birth and first trimester cervix measurements. Conclusions: In this study, we did not observe a statistically significant relationship between first trimester cervix measurement and prematurity. More studies are needed to How to cite this paper: de Oliveira, K.C. , de Souza, M.M. , Dürks, P.T. , Zanatta, M.A., Becker Jr., E. and Vettorazzi, J. (2021) Correlation between Endocervical Length in the First Trimester and Spontaneous Preterm Delivery. Open Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 11, 1608-1618. https://doi.org/10.4236/ojog.2021. 1111150 Received: October 4, 2021 Accepted: November 21, 2021 Published: November 24, 2021 Copyright © 2021 by author(s) and Scientific Research Publishing Inc. This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution International License (CC BY 4.0). http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Open Access K. C. de Oliveira et al. DOI: 10.4236/ojog.2021. 111115
Salicylic acid promotes growth and affects cadmium accumulation of Cyphomandra betacea seedlings

To reduce the cadmium (Cd) uptake in fruit tree Cyphomandra betacea Sendt. , the effects of different salicylic acid (SA) concentrations (0, 100, 150, 200, and 250 mg L−1) on the physiological and Cd accumulation characteristics of hydroponically grown C. betacea seedlings under Cd stress were studied. Under SA concentrations of 150, 200, and 250 mg L−1, the biomass, photosynthetic pigments (chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and carotenoid) contents as well as the photosynthetic parameters (net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, stomatal conductance, and intercellular CO2 concentration) of C. betacea seedlings were significantly higher than that of the control. The superoxide dismutase and catalase activities of C. betacea seedlings first increased and then decreased with increasing SA concentration, while the peroxidase activity and soluble protein content followed the opposite trend. When SA was applied at concentrations of 100, 150, and 200 mg L−1, the Cd contents in C. betacea seedlings were lower than in the control, whereas 250 mg L−1 SA increased C. betacea seedlings Cd contents. Taken together, the results of this experiment indicate that the biomass and Cd contents of C. betacea seedlings respectively reached a maximum and minimum under the action of SA at 150 mg L−1, a concentration thus beneficial for cultivating C. betacea seedlings under Cd stress.