Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect of epidural polydeoxyribonucleotide in a rat model of lumbar foraminal stenosis

Background We aimed to investigate the effect of epidural polydeoxyribonucleotide (PDRN) on mechanical allodynia and motor dysfunction in a rat model of lumbar foraminal stenosis (LFS). Methods This study was conducted in two stages, using male Sprague-Dawley rats. The rats were randomly divided into eight groups. In the first stage, the groups were as follows vehicle (V), sham (S), and epidural PDRN at 5 (P5), 8 (P8), and 10 (P10) mg/kg; and in the second stage, they were as follows intraperitoneal PDRN 8 mg/kg, epidural 3,7-dimethyl-1-propargilxanthine (DMPX) (0.1 mg/kg), and DMPX (0.1 mg/kg). The LFS model was established, except for the S group. After an epidural injection of the test solutions, von Frey and treadmill tests were conducted for 3 weeks. Subsequently, histopathologic examinations were conducted in the V, S, P5, and P10 groups. Results A total of 65 rats were included. The P8 and P10 groups showed significant recovery from mechanical allodynia and motor dysfunction at all time points after drug administration compared to the V group. These effects were abolished by concomitant administration of DMPX. On histopathological examination, no epineurial inflammation or fibrosis was observed in the epidural PDRN groups. Conclusions Epidural injection of PDRN significantly improves mechanical allodynia and motor dysfunction in a rat model of LFS, which is mediated by the spinal adenosine A2A receptor. The present data support the need for further research to determine the role of epidural PDRN in spinal stenosis treatment.
Caregiver burden among adults caring for their Holocaust-survivor parents during the COVID-19 pandemic

Abstract This study aimed to examine the caregiver burden among offspring of Holocaust survivors (OHS) caring for their parents during the COVID-19 pandemic, hypothesizing that caregivers whose parents suffer from posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) would report an increased burden. The sample consisted of 109 caregivers with older adult care recipient parents (average caregivers’ age = 57.67, SD = 8.49). Caregivers were divided into three groups: 20 OHS who reported that at least one care recipient had PTSD, 60 OHS who reported that their care recipients did not have PTSD, and 29 comparison caregivers (whose care recipients did not undergo the Holocaust). Caregivers completed questionnaires about SARS-CoV-2 exposure, COVID-19 concerns, helping their care recipients, their experiences of caregiver burden, and perceived changes to their caregiver burden during the pandemic. The caregivers also reported PTSD symptoms—in themselves as well as in their care recipients. Relative to comparisons, OHS with parental PTSD reported higher caregiver burden in four aspects: time-dependent burden, developmental burden, physical burden, and social burden. Furthermore, OHS reported a greater perceived increase in caregiver burden during the pandemic than the comparisons. The study findings illuminate the difficulties OHS caregivers, especially those whose care recipients have PTSD, face during the COVID-19 pandemic. This group of caregivers is at risk of experiencing more distress and may need help and support. Further research is needed to determine whether people taking care of their posttraumatic parents following other massive traumatic events also feel a heavier caregiver burden—both in general and specifically during the current pandemic.
Anxiety, depression and coping strategies among chronic medical patients with coronavirus disease-2019: a multicenter follow-up cohort study

Abstract Background Studies have shown that COVID-19 patients experience high levels of anxiety, depression, and stress during the pandemic. Patients adopt different coping strategies to reduce their psychological distress Aim To compare the immediate and long-term psychological impact of COVID-19 disease on patients with and without chronic medical illnesses (CMI) and identify coping styles of both groups during the peak of COVID-19 disease in Egypt. Methods This is a cohort follow-up study, that included an online survey consisting of General Health Questionnaire-12, Taylor Manifest Anxiety Scale, Beck Depression Inventory and Brief-COPE scale. The Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) Checklist was completed after 6 months. Questionnaires were distributed to adult patients with a confirmed diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 virus infection during their quarantine in Egypt. Results There was no significant difference between the two groups regarding anxiety and depression during the acute infection. Patients without CMI relied significantly on the use of informational support to cope with COVID-19 disease. Patients with CMI continued to show significant depressive symptoms after 6 months without significant PTSD symptoms. Conclusions COVID-19 has similar immediate psychological impact on patients with and without CMI. However, patients with CMI continue to show depression on long-term follow-up.
Fasting Blood Glucose Variability and Unfavorable Trajectory Patterns Are Associated with the Risk of Colorectal Cancer

Background/Aims The relationship between fasting blood glucose (FBG) variability and colorectal cancer (CRC) remains ill-defined. This study aimed to evaluate the association of FBG variability with CRC risk in the healthy population without overt diabetes. Methods In the data from the Korean National Health Insurance Service-Health Screening Cohort, we included individuals examined by FBG testing at least 3 times between 2002 and 2007. FBG variability was calculated using standard deviation (SD) and coefficient of variation (CV). Results Regarding FBG variability, an increase in the quintile of SD or CV was independently associated with CRC risk (all p for trend <0.01). When the change in FBG was classified into six trajectory patterns, unfavorable trajectory patterns (high stable and upward) were significantly associated with increased CRC risk (hazard ratio [HR] 2.30, p=0.003; HR 1.19, p=0.007, respectively). In subgroup analyses according to the sex, a significant association between FBG variability (SD or CV) and CRC risk was observed in men but not in women. The high stable and upward pattern were also associated with CRC risk in men (HR 2.47, p=0.002; HR 1.21, p=0.012) but not in women. Conclusions This study identified that FBG variability and unfavorable trajectory patterns were significantly associated with increased CRC risk in the healthy population without overt diabetes. Our findings suggest that FBG variability as well as FBG itself may be a predictive factor for the development of CRC.
Direct measurements of D / H and 180 / 160 fractionation between vapor and liquid water in the temperature range from 10 to 401 C

Vapor phase was separately collected without liquid condensate by raising the temperature of the container of vapor phase by 7°C higher than that of the interface of vapor-liquid equilibrium. D/H and 180/160 measurements were done for the identical aliquot of vapor samples in equilibrium with the liquid water in the temperature range from 10 to 40°C. The empirical relationships between aD, a180 and the temperature of equilibration were obtained to be, 103lnaD = 2.408 X 106T-2 + 6.455 X 104T-1 168.7, 103lna180 = 5.9702 X 106T-2 3.2801 X 104T-1 + 52.227.
Subsidies—Help or Hurt? A Study from Vietnamese Fisheries

Subsidies are part of the set of management tools that governments apply to modernize their fishing fleets and enable them to engage in offshore and international fisheries. Research has shown that subsidies often lead to overcapacity and overfishing, resulting in the depletion of fish stocks. A few studies, however, have found some positive effects for particular subsidies. In this paper, we investigate a credit-linked subsidy scheme in Vietnam, which seems to be justified on the basis of economic, social, and environmental considerations. Both propensity score matching and endogenous switching regression methods are employed for analysis. The results show that the subsidies have had a positive effect on fishermen’s profitability, mainly because of increased revenue rather than reduced cost. However, the subsidies have benefited the owners of only the biggest vessels, and inefficiency in subsidized vessels may threaten resources and profitability in the long term.
Prospects for Small-Scale Aquaculture in Chile: User Rights and Locations

Chile’s extended allocation of marine user rights aims to reduce overextraction of marine resources. New user rights promote small-scale aquaculture both to increase coastal incomes and to encourage fishers to transition to other livelihoods. Some activities prove profitable only in particular biogeographic settings, such as open ocean or estuaries. We examine a coastal region of Chile to investigate the response of households to these marine-based activities and rights. Because residents report a low propensity to move, we analyze the drivers of household activity choices conditioned on their biogeographic zone and user rights. In a second step, we find that variability in income across households is explained by household characteristics, the chosen economic activities, and geographical location. In policy experiments based on these regression results, we find that the adjustment to new policies presents challenges for inducing fishers to undertake small-scale aquaculture, without imposing short-run income losses.
A Laboratory Assessment of the Lethal and Sub-Lethal Effects of Four Insecticides Considered for Commercial Control of the Tomato Leaf Miner, Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae)

The tomato leaf miner, Tuta absoluta (Meyrick), is a key pest of the Solanaceae, which is commercially controlled worldwide using insecticides. In this study, the toxicity of various concentrations of four insecticides, a thiamethoxam + lambda-cyhalothrin combination, indoxacarb, acetamiprid, and hexaflumuron, were assessed against second-instar larvae of T. absoluta. Results showed that indoxacarb with a LC50 value of 7.13 mg a.i./l was more toxic than acetamiprid, thiamethoxam + lambdacyhalothrin, and hexaflumuron. Sub-lethal effects of insecticides on demographic and biological parameters of T. absoluta were evaluated using LC30 concentrations estimated from bioassays. The lowest intrinsic rate of increase (rm) was shown in indoxacarb treatments (0.083/day). Except for hexaflumuron, the net reproductive rate (R0) and gross reproductive rate (GRR) were significantly lower in all treatments compared to the control. The shortest and longest adult longevities were shown in the indoxacarb treatment (18.92 days) and the control (26.94 days), respectively. The lowest fecundity was observed in the indoxacarb treatment (46.62 offspring/female). Except for hexaflumuron, the pupal weight was significantly decreased in all insecticide treatments. With the results of this study, combined with acute toxicity data, the significant adverse effects of indoxacarb, acetamiprid, and thiamethoxam + lambda-cyhalothrin on demographic and biological parameters of T. absoluta larvae were determined providing support for their consideration in commercial use in suppressing this pest.
Kidney-Targeted Delivery of Prolyl Hydroxylase Domain Protein 2 Small Interfering RNA with Nanoparticles Alleviated Renal Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury S

Inhibition of hypoxia-inducible factor – prolyl hydroxylase (PHD) has been shown to protect against various kidney diseases. However, there are controversial reports on the effect of PHD inhibition in renoprotection. The present study determined whether delivery of PHD2 small interfering RNA (siRNA) using an siRNA carrier, folic acid (FA)-decorated polyamidoamine den- drimer generation 5 (G5-FA), would mainly target kidneys and protect against renal ischemia/reperfusion injury (I/R). The renal I/R was generated by clipping the renal pedicle for 30 minutes in uninephrectomized mice. Mice were sacrificed 48 hours after I/R. Normal saline or G5-FA complexed with control or PHD2 siRNA was injected via tail vein 24 hours before ischemia. After the injec- tion of near-infrared fluorescent dye – labeled G5-FA, the fluores-cence was mainly detected in kidneys but not in other organs. The reduction of PHD2 mRNA and protein was only observed in kidneys but not in other organs after injection of PHD2-siRNA-G5-FA complex. The injection of PHD2-siRNA-G5-FA significantly alleviated renal I/R injury, as shown by the inhibition of increases in serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen, the blockade of increases in kidney injury molecule-1 and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin, and the improvement of histologic damage compared with mice treated with control siRNA. PHD2 siRNA can be delivered specifically into kidneys using G5-FA, and that local knockdown of PHD2 gene expression within the kidney alleviates renal I/R injury. Therefore, G5-FA is an efficient siRNA carrier to deliver siRNA into the kidney, and that local inhibition of PHD2 within the kidney may be a potential strategy for the management of acute I/R injury.
ENTREPRENEURSHIP SELF-EFFICACY, ATTITUDES TOWARDS ENTREPRENEURSHIP, AND STUDENT'S ENTREPRENEURSHIP INTEREST

One of the causes of large number unemployement is an imbalance between number of jobs and number of job applicants. Total population of Indonesia in September 2020 has reached 270 million (BPS, 2021). The Central Statistics noted that there are quite a large number of unemployed college graduates (BPS, 2020). Increasing number of entrepreneurs is considered to be one of solutions to reduce unemployment. This study aims to determine an effect of entrepreneurial self-efficacy on entrepreneurial intention directly or through attitudes towards entrepreneurship. This research was conducted at a private university in Yogyakarta with Informatics Engineering student respondents. Research data processing was carried out by Partial Least Square 3 software. The results of this study indicate that entrepreneurial self-efficacy has a direct and positive effect on entrepreneurial intention. Then, attitudes towards entrepreneurship have been shown to play a role as a mediator in relationship between entrepreneurial self-efficacy and entrepreneurial intention. Based on these results, mediating role of attitudes towards entrepreneurship is partial mediation. The results of this study are expected to be useful to encourage higher education institutions and government to motivate younger generation, especially Informatics Engineering students, to have an entrepreneurial spirit and have a positive attitude towards entrepreneurial behavior so that they are interested in becoming entrepreneurs. Informatics Engineering students are expected to be able to support economic recovery due to Covid19 pandemic through works in form of software.
From Demotivation to Remotivation: A Mixed-Methods Investigation

Research into language learning demotivation has tended to focus on the identification of discrete factors resulting in demotivation. In this article, we report an investigation into the interrelationship among factors eventually leading to demotivation using a sequential exploratory mixed-methods design. In Study 1, 13 participants were interviewed about their demotivation experiences and what factors, they perceived, had led to demotivation over a period of 12 months. We then used these results to formulate a demotivation model. In Study 2, we tested the generalizability of this model on a larger sample (N = 2044). Using structural equation modeling, our results showed that the model fit the data, and most of its paths were statistically significant. This model showed that having a fixed mindset had one direct and two indirect paths to demotivation. The two indirect paths were through lowering the learner’s ideal L2 self and through feeling disappointed by setbacks. We discuss the implication of our findings for language learning and teaching.
Assessment of Anterolateral Ligament of the Knee After Primary Versus Revision Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction

Background: The anterolateral ligament of the knee (ALL) is a component of the lateral complex that stabilizes the structure against rotational force and may be associated with the outcome of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction (ACLR). Purpose: To (1) find whether the visibility of the structure of the ALL is different in primary and revision ACLR groups, (2) determine whether the abnormal findings of the ALL structure on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans are associated with type of trauma in ACL injury and mode of graft failure, and (3) determine whether there are differences in knee functional scores between patients with or without abnormal findings of the ALL structure on MRI scans in primary and revision ACLR groups. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: This retrospective study included 40 patients who underwent primary ACLR and 39 patients who underwent revision ACLR. Conventional MRI (1.5-T) scans taken before primary or revision ACLR were obtained and analyzed for visibility of the ALL, frequency and degree of injury of the ALL, and ALL signal anomalies. We also evaluated 1-year postoperative functional knee scores using the subjective International Knee Documentation Committee and Lysholm scores. Results: Visibility of the ALL was better in the primary ACLR group than the revision ACLR group (38% vs 14%; P = .041). The primary ACLR group showed a lower degree of injury across the femoral, meniscal, and tibial attachment sites than did the revision ACLR group (30% vs 13%, 41% vs 8%, and 62% vs 26%, respectively). Relative signal anomaly of the ALL was more frequent in the case of contact versus noncontact trauma of the ACL (85% vs 15%; P = .035), while absolute signal anomaly was equally observed between cases of contact and noncontact trauma in the primary ACLR group (50% vs 50%). No association was observed between ALL signal anomalies and 1-year postoperative functional knee scores. Conclusion: The revision ACLR group offered less visibility and showed a tendency for more frequent, higher degree of injury to the structure of the ALL. Regardless of observational differences between the 2 groups, no definite relevance was observed between the image and the functional outcome. For the assessment of the ALL, routinely performed conventional MRI alone is insufficient to make a clinical decision.
Governance of Industry 4.0 policies: making knowledge services accessible for SMEs

ABSTRACT This paper provides a better understanding of how governance of Industry 4.0 policies can make knowledge services accessible for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). The rationale is that when SMEs cannot access specific Industry 4.0 knowledge in the market, then governments and university social researchers can collaborate on developing new territorial governance to make such knowledge accessible. The case study here described spotlights how county development agencies and vocational training centres, with more affordable prices than knowledge-intensive business services (KIBS) and more capillarity than university and technology centres, collaborate with government and social researchers to develop governance of Industry 4.0.
Dealing with Dilemmas: Understanding the Process and Challenges of Disclosing the HIV Status of People Living with HIV/AIDS Through Gender Lens

Disclosure is governed by a host of individual, health and psychological factors that operate in and shape the decisions related to disclosure in a patient among people living with human immunodeficiency virus (PLHIV). This article studies process of disclosure, how gender affects disclosure and how it differs among PLHIV by studying their life events integrating quantitative and qualitative information from 204 respondents. Mix method approach was used to collect the data from selected male and female respondents. A total of 204 completed interviews were carried out. Bivariate and multivariate statistical techniques have been used in the study. One-third respondents reported to not have disclosed status to their partner. Female PLHIV were significantly more likely (AOR: 2.8, p < .05) to disclose their HIV status to their spouse/regular partner. Three-fifths of women were tested after they lost their husbands to AIDS or living with HIV. Around 94% women reported self-perceived stigma and 83% feared of being discriminated. Female PLHIV are approximately 3 times (p < .05) more likely to have the fear of discrimination. Findings of the study reinforce the necessity of integrating gender in every HIV prevention efforts as disclosure of HIV status may provide opportunity for early initiation of anti-retroviral therapy (ART), which may ensure adherence to ART services and suppressing the viral load.
Culturally Foreign Teachers’ Perceptions of School Climate and Its Relationship to Their Self-Efficacy

This correlational study focuses on the influence of teacher-perceived school climate on the self-efficacy of teachers working in a culturally foreign environment. Bandura’s Social Cognitive Theory guides the study. Teachers who work in private and public schools in Abu Dhabi participated in the study. Teachers were surveyed using the School Climate Index to collect information about their perceptions of their school climate and the Teacher Sense of Efficacy Scale was used to gather information about their self-efficacy. The study found that there is a positive correlation between the overall school climate and teachers’ self-efficacy as well as between three dimensions of school climate (collegial leadership, teacher professionalism, and community engagement) and teachers’ self-efficacy. The results also found that outcome of teachers’ self-efficacy, which is the dependent variable, can be predicted by the overall school climate. However, only collegial leadership and teacher professionalism were significant predictors for teacher self-efficacy in a multiple regression analysis. It can also be noted that despite being added to the predictive model, the impact of community engagement and academic press is not statistically significant. Implications of the study for enhancing self-efficacy among culturally foreign teachers are discussed.
Rapid Development Studio: An Intensive, Iterative Approach to Designing Online Learning

Given the increasing demand for online learning at the tertiary level, there currently exists a need to modify or develop instructional design (ID) models/approaches that can effectively facilitate the collaboration between learning designers and teachers, as well as to research the effectiveness of these models/approaches. Against this backdrop, adopting a design-based research approach, we tested a practical ID approach that is developed on two prior models: rapid prototyping and collaborative course development. Accordingly, a 2-week rapid development studio—an agile, intensive, iterative ID process—was arranged. Data from multiple sources were gleaned during the study to generate a comprehensive and in-depth understanding of the proposed approach. Overall, results suggest that the approach is effective for developing online courses in case of a limited time frame and was positively perceived by both course instructors and learning designers. Moreover, practical tips for replicating the process in other contexts are also shared. It is our hope that the study will stimulate further exploration of alternative ID models/approaches to improve online course design efficacy in other higher education institutions.