Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
PREVALENCE OF HIP SUBLUXATION/DISLOCATION IN CHILDREN WITH CEREBRAL PALSY IN RELATION TO SEVERITY AND TYPE OF CEREBRAL PALSY

Background: Hip displacement is common in cerebral palsy (CP) and is related to the severity of neurological and functional impairment. It is a silent, but progressive disease, and can result in significant morbidity and decreased quality of life. The objective is to know the prevalence of hip displacement /dislocation in CP children and to establish correlation between hip displacement / dislocation with GMFCS level and clinical subtypes of CP. Materials and Methods: The present observational descriptive study was conducted among children of the age between 1 and 16 years diagnosed with CP or those children not yet diagnosed with CP but for whom there is clinical suspicion of having CP in Department of Orthopaedics and Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (PMR), at Karnataka Institute of Medical Sciences, Hubballi, during the period of December 2019 to November 2021. Result: Out of 100 children, 56 males and 44 females are there. Major topographical subtype was spastic variety. Among spastic subtypes, 54% had spastic quadriplegia. majority of children belongs to GMFCS level V. Out of 60 patients with GMFCS level V, 44 patients had hip displacement in either one or both hips (73.3%), for level IV, III and II shows hip displacement of 66.6%, 33.3% and 20% respectively. None of the children with GMFCS level I had hip displacement. The relationship between GMFCS and hip displacement is positively correlated (r=0.420,0.506) and it is statistically significant (p<0.001). 66.6% children with spastic quadriplegia had hip displacement in either one or both hips. The incidence in spastic diplegia and hemiplegia is 54.4% and 33.3% respectively, which is statistically significant(p<0.001) and positively co-related (r = 0.322,0.534). Conclusion: Hip displacement is common in children with cerebral palsy, with an overall incidence of 54 % found in this study. The maximum number of hip displacements was seen in children with spastic quadriplegia. Spastic diplegia had intermediate risk and spastic hemiplegiahad low risk.
MORPHOMETRIC ANALYSIS OF ATLAS VERTEBRA IN NOTHERN POPULATION IN INDIA

Background: Morphometric parameter of atlas vertebra is important for orthopaedic surgeons, neurosurgeon who deal with traumatic and nontraumatic conditions which may lead to atlanto occipital and atlantoaxial instability. So, before any spinal surgery like interspinous wiring, plate, and screw fixation, interlaminar clamp, transpedicular screw fixation these anatomical parameters of atlas vertebra knowledge are very important. Materials and Methods: Study was carried out on 30 dry adult human atlas vertebra of unknown sex were examined. Anatomical parameters of the vertebra measured, by using digital vernier calliper. Statistical analysis of the measurements was done. Result: The anteroposterior & transverse dimension of vertebral canal 28.45± 3.14mm and 24.14±3.14mm respectively. The outer distance of vertebral artery groove 24.24±3.95mm on right side & 23.22± 4.16mm on left side. The inner distance of vertebral artery groove 14.12±2.13mm on right side & 13.93±2.65mm on left side. Conclusion: Present study information helpful in avoiding and reducing complication such as vertebral artery injury, spinal cord injury during atlantooccipital and atlantoaxial instability correction.
A STUDY TO ASSESS THE PARENTAL STRESS AND ACADEMIC STRESS AMONG STUDENTS FROM 5 TH CLASS TO 12 TH CLASS REGARDING ONLINE CLASSES

Background: The coronavirus disease (COVID 19) outbreak in India had created a sudden shutdown of conventionally designed teaching in schools, because of which the all the students were in a stage of dilemma. The new digital e-learning methods psychologically affected these students invariably. With all of the benefits, online classes still fall short in many areas when compared to traditional in-person courses. Academic stress involves mental distress regarding anticipated academic challenges or failure or even an awareness of the possibility of academic failure. During the school years, academic stressors may show in any aspect of the child’s environment: home, school, neighbourhood, or friendship. Materials and Methods: This is a Cross sectional study based on questionnaire among all students participating in online classes in Hyderabad (urban private schools). All students attending the online classes can participate in the survey should be studying in 5th class to 12th class in urban private schools. Participants residing in other cities than Hyderabad city were not included in the study. Students who had pre-existing psychological illnesses were excluded from the study. Purposive sampling Data collection tool: Online Questionnaire consisting of 3 sections: Sociodemographic data, Parent Stress Scale and Academic stress scale in children. Result: In our study, Distribution of gender, male was predominant 22 (55%) and female were 18 (45%). In table 2, maximum number of children belongs to 11-13 years of age group 19 (47.5%) followed by 8-10 years 12 (30%) and least were
Transformation pathway from alpha to omega and texture evolution in Zr via high-pressure torsion

Using high energy X-ray diffraction, we study the phase transition from α to ω in Zr via high-pressure torsion. We examine the evolution of the texture and establish the crystallographic orientation relationship between the α and ω phases. The orientation relationship supports the Silcock/Rabinkim direct transformation pathway and excludes the possibility of transition through the intermediate β phase, the Usikov/Zilbershtein pathway. The texture development in both α and ω phases of Zr during high-pressure torsion is quantified and explained in terms of the dominant slip system and the orientation relationship during martensitic transformation.Using high energy X-ray diffraction, we study the phase transition from α to ω in Zr via high-pressure torsion. We examine the evolution of the texture and establish the crystallographic orientation relationship between the α and ω phases. The orientation relationship supports the Silcock/Rabinkim direct transformation pathway and excludes the possibility of transition through the intermediate β phase, the Usikov/Zilbershtein pathway. The texture development in both α and ω phases of Zr during high-pressure torsion is quantified and explained in terms of the dominant slip system and the orientation relationship during martensitic transformation.
MORPHOLOGICAL STUDY OF THE HUMAN LIVER AND ITS VARIATIONS IN THE SOUTH INDIAN POPULATION

Background: The liver is the second largest organ in the human body, located in the right hypochondrium, the upper part of the epigastrium and part of the left hypochondrium. The liver is anatomically divided into a larger right lobe, and a smaller left lobe. Anatomical variations are present in the cadaveric liver in the accessory lobe, accessory fissure, hypoplastic lobe etc. The knowledge of these anatomical variations will help surgeons during liver transplantation and other surgical procedures. This study aims to discuss the morphology of the adult liver and its common variations according to the Netters classification in the South Indian population. Materials and Methods: The present study was conducted on apparently normal liver specimens from 50 cadavers used for routine dissection by undergraduate medical students. The specimens were numbered in serial order from 1 to 50, and all the measurements were recorded and tabulated. The cadavers with no abdominal surgical scars and liver specimens with normal morphology were taken into the study. Result: Four of the 50 specimens studied showed accessory fissures on the diaphragmatic surface of the right lobe. Ten specimens showed accessory fissures on the visceral surface of the right lobe. Three specimens showed lingular process, and two specimens showed hypoplastic left lobe. Conclusion: The liver's anatomical variations remain asymptomatic but can lead to misinterpretations during radiological and surgical procedures. Detailed study of liver morphology may help surgeons and radiologists avoid misdiagnosing cystic or pathological liver lesions.
Dynamics of Output Growth, Consumption and Physical Capital in Two-Sector Models of Endogenous Growth by

JEL # J6 This paper investigates the matching of job searchers with vacant jobs: a key component of the dynamics of worker reallocation in the labour market. The job searchers may be unemployed, employed or not in the labour force and we estimate matching or hiring functions including all three groups. We show that previous studies, which ignore both employed job seekers and unemployed job seekers who are considered to be out of the labour force, produce biassed estimates of the coefficients of interest. By considering only unemployment outflows into jobs and ignoring interdependencies with other flows, these studies overlook an important aspect of job matching. Our estimates on Australian data support a more general approach and produce models that dominate those proposed previously. We find that concentrating on the aggregate matching function alone does not reveal the full extent of the interaction across job searchers. Indeed, we find that job searchers from the three groups do not receive a fair share of hires: there appears to be segmentation of hiring opportunities which may be explained by a form of ranking of applicants. Together these results demonstrate that the disaggregate worker flows and their interdependence are key features of the labour market and should be included in studies of the hiring process. * We are grateful for helpful comments and advice from the anonymous referee, Derek Leslie, Alan Manning, participants in the seminar series at Warwick and York Universities, from conference participants at the Australian Economic Society Meetings and EEEG ‘97, and for data assistance from Robert Wright. Responsibility for any mistakes or omissions is entirely our own.
STUDY OF CONGENITAL HEART DISEASE IN NEONATES

Background: Congenital heart disease (CHD) has been prevalent in approximately 0.6-0.8% of neonates, whereas an early diagnosis of CHD enables appropriate management and decision-making steps in critical patients. The study aims to identify congenital heart disease's clinical profile and etiology in neonates. Materials and Methods: The prospective study was conducted at the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit at a tertiary care hospital for one year among patients with a confirmed clinical diagnosis of CHD, with ethical approval. Patient demographic, clinical profiles, mortality, and extra-cardiac anomalies were assessed. Data collected from the study is represented using SPSS 20.0 and in figures, tables, and charts. Result: A total of 50 neonates were enrolled in the study with CHD, out of which 54.0% were males, and 46.0% were females. Hurried respiration was reported in 68.0% of patients, followed by feeding problems (63.0%), cyanosis in 38.0%, and murmur in 78.0% of patients. Anorectal malformation was reported in 5.0% of patients, followed by Hirschsprung disease in one patient and neonatal hepatitis syndrome in 3.0%. Follow-up of patients revealed a failure to thrive in 7 cases, respiratory tract infection in 12 patients, and congestive cardiac failure in 5 patients. Mortality was seen in 25 patients. Conclusion: Neonates with CHD have a poor prognosis unless diagnosed early and treated appropriately. The current identifies that neonates with multiple anomalies should be screened for underlying structural or congenital
supraescapu-Suprascapular and Interscalene Nerve Block as Analgesia After Arthroscopic Rotator Cuff Repair: a Retrospective Comparative Cohort Study

Introduction: This study aimed to compare the efficacy of interscalene block (ISB) and suprascapular nerve block (SSNB), individually and in combination (ISB+SSNB), used as postoperative analgesia within the first 3 hours after arthroscopic rotator cuff repair. Materials and Methods: Retrospective comparative cohort study, conducted between 2019 and 2021. The primary endpoint was shoulder pain score in the immediate postoperative period as reported on a visual analog scale (VAS) by the patient. Secondary endpoints were opioid use in the recovery room (first 3 hours) and locoregional anesthesia complications. Results: 175 patients were included; 13 in the ISB group, 61 in the ISB+ SSNB group, and 101 in the SSNB group. The ISB group and the ISB+ SSNB group had significantly less pain in the recovery room than the SSNB group (p = 0.001 and p < 0.001, respectively). The percentage of patients who required at least one dose of opioid and the total number of opioids consumed in milligrams of morphine equivalent were significantly lower for the ISB and ISB+ SSNB groups than for the SSNB group (p < 0.001). There were no significant differences in pain or opioid use between ISB alone or combined with SSNB (ISB+SSNB). Conclusions: In this retrospective comparative study, ISB was more effective in relieving pain and reducing opioid use in the recovery room after arthroscopic rotator cuff repair than SSNB. The ISB+SSNB combination did not increase effectiveness, and therefore it is suggested not to combine these two techniques.
MHD dynamo simulation using the GeoFEM platform—verification by the dynamo benchmark test

We verified a magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) simulation code in a rotating spherical shell using the parallel finite element method by comparing with the dynamo benchmark test by Christensen et al. [“A numerical dynamo benchmark”, Physics of Earth and Planetary Interiors, 128 (2001), 25–34]. We performed the non-magnetic case and dynamo with the insulated inner core case of the benchmark test. The results show that all results of the MHD case have <5% differences from the benchmark solutions. Only the drift frequency in the non-magnetic case duffers by more. This discrepancy is attributed to the small amplitude of the drift frequency in the non-magnetic case. We conclude that the present simulation code can represent dynamics and behavior of convection pattern and magnetic field although the present simulation model has some limitations such as the finite size of simulation domain.
A Theory of Demographic Cycles and the Social Evolution of Ancient and Medieval Oriental Societies (translation)

Author(s): Nefedov, Sergei | Abstract: A theory of demographic cycles is developed by the author out of the contributions of many sciences. F. Braudel named these cycles as "secular trends," and R. Cameron used the concept of "logistics cycles. " The author constructs a mathematical model of a demographic cycle. With the help of this model the cycle is divided into phases for which the author is able to determine about 40 qualitative attributes of the cycle. These attributes allow a demographic cycle to be identified in the real course of a history even in the absence of quantitative data about a population. With the help of this method 57 demographic cycles are identified in the history of the various countries of the East. In particular, it is shown that the increase of demographic pressure at the end of a cycle results in establishment of etatist monarchy.
Structural, optical, and electrical properties of ferroelectric copolymer of vinylidenefluoride doped with Rhodamine 6G dye

An effect of Rhodamine 6G dye introduced into vinylidenefluoride and tetrafluoroethylene copolymer on a number of its structural and electrical characteristics has been detected. It was shown that at film crystallization, the inserted dopant shifts the equilibrium distribution of isomers to the side of increasing concentrations of chains with the conformation of a planar zigzag. The dye introduced strongly increases ac conductivity, especially at high electric fields. The investigation of high voltage polarization under bipolar external field conditions shows slow switching of gigantic current which is observed at fields lower than coercive ones. The estimation of the charge density indicates the non-ferroelectric nature of the phenomenon observed. The analysis of the data shows that in the system, Maxwell–Wagner relaxation processes take place, which lead to the space charge formation in the polymer matrix. It is established that current switching observed must be attributed to the relaxation of the spac.
Assessment of hygienic practices and faecal contamination of beef at Vingunguti slaughterhouse in Dar es salaam, Tanzania

An investigation was conducted between January to February 2013 to assess the hygienic practices and faecal contamination of beef at Vingunguti slaughterhouse using Escherichia coli as an indicator organism. Hygienic practices were assessed using a questionnaire survey to 40 slaughterhouse workers. Faecal sampling was done to 75 slaughter cattle and after slaughter swab samples from neck, shoulder, pelvis and thigh muscles of dressed carcasses were collected and were subjected to standard bacteriological analysis for E. coli O157 isolation. The findings revealed poor hygienic practices, lack of adequate knowledge on the existence of enteropathogens and meat contamination, and a negative perception on improving sanitary conditions and practices by workers. There were no essential basic facilities for a slaughterhouse such as potable running water, separated clean and dirty areas, stunning and bleeding facilities, area for inspection of carcasses, properly working drainages, cold room, changing room, protective clothing for the workers and proper working tools. Animals were slaughtered, dressed and meat handled in dirty environment that caused gross contamination of meat. The drainage system was dilapidated and there were no defined means of waste disposal. E. coli Escherichia coli was isolated in all the samples analysed. However, E. coli O157 strain was not isolated in all the samples analysed. It is concluded that the hygienic practices, slaughterhouse facilities and conditions at Vingunguti slaughterhouse are poor predisposing carcasses to faecal contamination. Measures to improve the sanitary situation are recommended particularly the water supply and drainage, slaughter methods, meat handling practices and standard abattoir equipment. Keywords : Slaughterhouse, Escherichia coli O157, enteropathogens, sanitary conditions
Textural segmentation of remotely sensed images using multiresolution analysis for slum area identification

ABSTRACT Many cities in developing countries are facing rapid growth of dynamic slum areas but often lack detailed information and analysis on these informal settlements. Multiresolution analysis (MRA) has been successfully used in texture analysis. Texture analysis is widely discussed in literature, but most of the methods which do not employ multiresolution strategy cannot exploit the fact that texture occurs at various spatial scales. This paper proposes a texture-based segmentation scheme using newly developed multiresolution methods for slum area identification. The proposed method is tested on remotely sensed images where textural information in terms of statistical moments and energy are extracted at various scales and in different directions with the help of curvelet and contourlet transforms. The results are compared with wavelet-based MRA method of segmentation. Accuracy assessment is performed for segmented images, and comparative analysis is carried out in terms of class-wise and overall accuracies. It is found that the proposed method shows better class-discriminating power as compared to existing methods and overall classification accuracy of 91.4–95.4%.
Discomfort caused by multiple frequency fore-and-aft, lateral or vertical whole-body vibration

The practical application of currently standardised methods of evaluating wholebody vibration assumes the discomfort caused by a combination of frequency components can be predicted using time averaging methods, such as the rootmean-square, r.m.s., or vibration dose value, VDV. This study investigated whether the discomfort produced by random vibration depends on the frequency of the vibration (three bands of octave-bandwidth random vibration with frequencies in the range 1.4 to 11.3 Hz) or the direction of vibration (fore-and-aft, lateral, or vertical). The study was conducted with frequency-weighted vibration magnitudes in the range 0.40 to 0.78 ms-2 r.m.s. Eighteen subjects provided magnitude estimates of their discomfort when exposed to single and multiple bands of the octave-bandwidth random whole-body vibration. With each of the three directions of vibration, the linear sum of the magnitude estimates of the discomfort overestimated the discomfort caused by the combination of 2 or 3 bands, whereas the magnitude estimate of discomfort caused by the worst band underestimated the discomfort caused by the combination of 2 or 3 bands. Over all the vibration stimuli investigated, the optimum power for summating magnitude estimates to predict vibration discomfort was 2.54, with no statistically significant differences between frequencies or directions of vibration. It is explained that the optimum power for summating vibration magnitudes differs from the optimum power for summing magnitude estimates of vibration discomfort, because vibration discomfort is not usually linearly related to the magnitude of vibration and the rate of growth of vibration discomfort varies with the frequency and the direction of vibration.
Radial profile of mantle viscosity: Results from the joint inversion of convection and postglacial

We present new inferences of the radial profile of mantle viscosity that simultaneously fit long-wavelength free-air gravity harmonics associated with mantle convection and a large set of decay times estimated from the postglacial uplift of sites within previously glaciated regions (Hudson Bay, Arctic Canada, and Fennoscandia). The relative sea level variation at these latter sites is constrained by age-height pairs obtained by geological survey, rather than the subjective trends which are commonly used in glacial isostatic adjustment (GIA) studies. Our viscosity inferences are generated using two approaches. First, we adopt a relative viscosity profile which is known to provide a good fit to the free-air gravity harmonics and determine an absolute scaling which yields a best fit to the GIA decay time constraints. Second, we perform an iterative, nonlinear, joint inversion of the two data sets. In both cases our inferred profiles are characterized by a significant increase of viscosity (∼2 orders of magnitude), with depth, to values of ∼1022 Pa s in the bottom half of the lower mantle. The new viscosity profiles are shown to satisfy constraints based on the postglacial uplift of both Fennoscandia (the classic Haskell [1935] number) and Hudson Bay which have commonly been invoked to argue for an isoviscous mantle. Furthermore, the models are used to predict a set of long-wavelength signatures of the GIA process. These include predictions of GIA-induced variations in (1) the length-of-day over the late Holocene period; (2) the Earth's precession constant and obliquity over the last 2.6 Myr; and (3) the present-day zonal harmonics of the geopotential, Jl(l≤7). The predictions (1) and (3) bound the late Holocene (and ongoing) mass flux between the large polar ice sheets (Greenland and Antarctic) and the global oceans to small values (≤0.4 mm/yr equivalent eustatic sea level rise).