Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Patterns and Features of Cholestatic Liver Diseases: Experience of a Tertiary Academic Center in Saudi Arabia

How to Cite this Article: Khatib HA, et al. Patterns and Features of Cholestatic Liver Diseases: Experience of a Tertiary Academic Center in Saudi Arabia. Ann Med Health Sci Res. 2020;10: 11681172 . This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Com‐ mons Attribution‐NonCommercial‐ShareAlike 3.0 License, which allows others to remix, tweak, and build upon the work non‐commercially, as long as the author is credited and the new creations are licensed under the identical terms. Patterns and Features of Cholestatic Liver Diseases: Experience of a Tertiary Academic Center in Saudi Arabia Hatim A Khatib, Hind I Fallatah, Majed A Al-Sahafi and Hisham O Akbar Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
The Controllability Principle in Responsibility Accounting

The purpose of this paper is to examine controllability: the notion a manager should be evaluated based on that which she or he controls. We embed the managerial evaluation problem in a principal-agent setting and ask whether the optimal agency solution bears any logical relation to a casual definition of controllability. It does not. More to the point, the agency framework compels us to look at information content. This information content perspective, upon reflection, agrees with our intuition, with our anecdotal impressions of practice, and with the dictates of the principal-agent model. Moreover, there is a well-defined relation between information content and a notion of control. Thus, the information content perspective may be thought of as offering a precise definition of controllability. HOULD a manager be evaluated as Helpful comments of Froystein Gjesdal, Bob Kaplan, Rick Lambert, KrishnaPalepu, FrankSelto, anonymous the head of a cost center or a profit reviewers, and seminar participants at Harvard Business center? Our and intuitive School, Mcblaster University, and Michigan State Unianalysis of this perennial question f0versity as well as financial support from the National cuses on whether the manager controls Science Foundation are gratefully acknowledged. cost and revenue. If so, the manager should be evaluated as the head of a Rick Antle and Joel S. Demski, Yale profit center. If the manager only conUniversity. irols cost, a cost center evaluation is appropriate. If the manager only conManuscript received May 1986. Revisions received March I987 and January 1988. trols revenue, a revenue center evaluaAccepted April 1988. tion is appropriate, Analyzing this wisdom requires two specifications. First, we must be precise Editor's Note: In compliance with a resolution of the Executive Committee of the American Accounting Assoabout what it means for the manager to ciation, no new manuscripts have been considered by "control" cost or revenue. Second, we Education Research since June 30, 1987. Editor Frank must be precise about what it means to Selto indicates that this manuscript is the last to be published in Education Research. On behalf of the readers, evaluate the manager "correctly" or in reviewers, and authors of Education Research, 1wish to the "best possible manner. " thank Frank for his three years of exceptional service as We use a principal-agent model to Editor of the section.
Large-scale model selection in misspecified generalized linear models

Model selection is crucial both to high-dimensional learning and to inference for contemporary big data applications in pinpointing the best set of covariates among a sequence of candidate interpretable models. Most existing work assumes implicitly that the models are correctly specified or have fixed dimensionality, yet both are prevalent in practice. In this paper, we exploit the framework of model selection principles under the misspecified generalized linear models presented in Lv and Liu (2014) and investigate the asymptotic expansion of the posterior model probability in the setting of high-dimensional misspecified models.With a natural choice of prior probabilities that encourages interpretability and incorporates the Kullback–Leibler divergence, we suggest the high-dimensional generalized Bayesian information criterion with prior probability for large-scale model selection with misspecification. Our new information criterion characterizes the impacts of both model misspecification and high dimensionality on model selection. We further establish the consistency of covariance contrast matrix estimation and the model selection consistency of the new information criterion in ultra-high dimensions under some mild regularity conditions. The numerical studies demonstrate that our new method enjoys improved model selection consistency compared to its main competitors.
Changes in the engineering students’ procrastination self-evaluation within the experimental approbation of career education program

One of the modern education problems being investigated is a phenomenon of student procrastination and minimisation of its influence on achievement of career goals. A transformative pedagogical experiment was carried out involving 1st year engineering students of Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies during the 2018/2019 academic year. The aim of the transformative pedagogical experiment was to promote the reduction of student procrastination levels and achievement of their goals by practical experimental approbation of a career education program. During the experiment, self-evaluation of student procrastination was performed before and after the implementation of the career education program. The methodology included 20 indicators of procrastination self-evaluation. The program included three topic-based parts: 1) understanding and setting student career goals; 2) defining procrastination levels and factors; 3) the influence of procrastination minimisation on career goals’ achievement. The study results allowed to conclude that due to the career education program elaborated and implemented in practice, substantial changes in student procrastination self-evaluation took place during the transformative pedagogical experiment. There was a significant difference in student procrastination levels before and after the transformative pedagogical experiment. The study results demonstrated that the elaborated and experimentally implemented career education program is valid and can be further used for minimisation of student procrastination, it can contribute to career goals’ achievement and for the reduction of early discontinuation of studies and dropping out of university as there is a correlation between procrastination and dropout phenomena.
Fibrinolysis Shutdown Correlates to Thromboembolic Events in Severe COVID-19 Infection

This is a PDF file of an article that has undergone enhancements after acceptance, such as the addition of a cover page and metadata, and formatting for readability, but it is not yet the definitive version of record. This version will undergo additional copyediting, typesetting and review before it is published in its final form, but we are providing this version to give early visibility of the article. Please note that, during the production process, errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain.
Synthesis, Characterization and In vitro Antibacterial Activity of A Novel Strigolactones Analogues TIT3

Traditional antibiotic abuse caused increased the incidence of bacteria resistance to treatment. Strigolactones (SLs) are phytohormones that play a vital role in the plant growing root, shoot and flowering. We previously reported that, SLs analogues exert pro-apoptotic effects on HepG2 cell lines. The current study investigated the antimicrobial activity of selected SLs analogue TIT3 against different strains of bacteria including gram positive and gram negative bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhimuriu, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoni and B. subtilis. The results obtained were compared with 100 μg amoxicillin. Results obtained showed that, TIT3 inhibited the growth of S. cereus (50 μg), Salmonella typhimuriu (20 μg), Escherichia coli (30μg), Klebsiella pneumoni (50 μg) and B. subtilis (50 μg) with mean inhibition zones diameter being 12.1 mm , 13.2 mm, 12.5, 8.9 and 12.9 mm respectively. It was concluded that, TIT3 is promising effective antibacterial agents compared with amoxicillin for different strains of bacteria that resistant to different antibiotics.
The Story of the Real Exchange Rate

The real exchange rate (RER) measures relative price levels across countries, capturing deviations from purchasing power parity (PPP). RER is a key variable in international macroeconomic models as it is central to equilibrium conditions in both goods and asset markets. It is also one of the most starkly behaving variables empirically, tightly comoving with the nominal exchange rate and virtually uncorrelated with most other macroeconomic variables, nominal or real. This review lays out an equilibrium framework of RER determination, focusing separately on each building block and discussing corresponding empirical evidence. We emphasize home bias and incomplete pass-through into prices with expenditure switching and goods market clearing, imperfect international risk sharing, country budget constraint, and monetary policy regime. We show that RER is inherently a general equilibrium variable that depends on the full model structure and policy regime, and therefore partial theories like PPP are insufficient to explain it. We also discuss issues of stationarity and predictability of exchange rates.
Institutional Investment Horizon and Firm Valuation: A Global Perspective

Using a comprehensive dataset of firms from 34 countries, we study the effect of institutional investors’ investment horizons on firm valuation around the world. Long-term investors prefer to invest in firms domiciled in countries with a more investor-friendly institutional environment, while short-term investors tend to be less concerned about the quality of the financial and legal environment. The positive association between institutional ownership and firm value is driven by short-horizon institutions. This valuation effect of short-horizon institutions is stronger in countries with high market liquidity and in firms with high stock liquidity. This result is consistent with short-term investors increasing firm value by disciplining managers through a credible threat of exit.
Vertical Facial Midline Variations in Ethnic Groups

This study was carried out to evaluate the incidence and pattern of facial midlines across three ethnic grtoupsd of populations. The ethnic groups being studied are Caucasian, African and Oriental. The Smylist philosophy has introduced the concept of different kinds of vertical facial midlines. Based on this concept the distribution and incidence of straight, curved and sloped midlines, as propounded by Smylist, was assessed. This study can be considered as an extension or follow up of a study done on an Indian population to assess the incidence of facial midlines which was published in 2019. There were 50 subjects included in each of the ethnic groups to make a total of 150 subjects. A photo documentation was used for each of the subjects. The pictures were standardized in the straight face Cheese A picture as defined in the Smylist concept. An attempt was made to keep an equal number of male and female subjects. All the pictures were loaded on the Smylist software and the facial analysis was carried out to generate and identify the type of midline present. The results showed that the incidence of the straight midline was the lowest in all the three ethnic groups. The curved and the sloped midline make up the bulk of the cases. The curved was the highest in the Caucasian group and the sloped was the largest percentage in the African and oriental groups. It can be safely concluded that the incidence of vertical straight midline is ostensibly less and should not be deliberated as a foundation for functional and aesthetic rehabilitation. This is consistently observed in all kinds of ethnic groups and follows the pattern of the Indian study. It can also be concluded that the curved and sloped incidences vary considerably in different ethnic groups.
VC participation and IPO earnings management: Evidence from China

In this paper, we empirically examine the effects of VC backing, VC reputation, and government VC backing on earnings management of IPOs in China. While developed market evidence highlights that VCs and especially reputable VCs, constrain opportunistic earnings management of IPO issuers, we do not find VCs or reputable VCs improve the information quality of VC-backed IPOs in China. Instead, we show that government VCs are likely to encourage opportunistic earnings management of their portfolio firms. We also provide evidence that the higher earnings management associated with government VC backing partially explains poorer post-IPO operating performance, and that reputable VCs have some monitoring effect on long-run operating performance of IPO issuers.
Bioremediation of diesel polluted soils with Eichhornia crassipes (water hyacinth)

Diesel oil contamination is a growing environmental concern in most crude oil processing regions of the world. This study assessed the efficacy of both fresh and powdered Eichhornia crassipes (water hyacinth) as potential biostimulants in the remediation of diesel oil contaminated soils using three test concentrations (50 g, 100 g and 150 g) and a control (0 g). The remediation process was monitored by assaying the total organic carbon (TOC), total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH), and soil pH before and after amendment with the fresh and powdered E. crassipes for 90 days. The result showed increase in soil pH, TOC, TPH and volatile matter (VM) in comparison with the control due to soil contamination by diesel oil. However, there was a significant reduction (p < 0.05) in soil pH and TOC with the introduction of fresh and powdered E. crassipes at different concentrations. Contaminated soil amended with 100 g of fresh E. crassipes showed the highest TOC loss (59.7%) alongside soil amended with 100 g of powdered E. crassipes (47.36%) while the control showed the least TOC loss (0.91%). Similarly, soil TPH decreased significantly across all concentrations after amendment (p < 0.05). Overall, soil amended with fresh E. crassipes showed higher TPH loss than soil amended with powdered E. crassipes. This study reveals the potentials of using E. crassipes in the remediation of diesel oil contaminated soils. Above all, we demonstrate that fresh E. crassipes is a potentially stronger biostimulant than powdered E. crassipes.
The use of diode lasers in non-surgical therapy of periodontitis

Introduction. Periodontitis is a disease of multifactorial etiology and complex clinical manifestation. Removal of subgingival bacterial biofilm is a fundamental procedure in the treatment of periodontitis. Scaling and root planing (SRP) is currently the gold standard in the treatment of periodontitis, but in some cases such a procedure does not provide satisfactory results. The use of lasers in the treatment of periodontitis is one of the alternative adjunctive methods that has recently become more popular. Objective. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of diode lasers in the treatment of periodontitis, based on the literature found in the Medline, Pubmed and Scopus databases published from June 2013 – June 2020. Results were based on a comparison of the effectiveness of SRP treatment in combination with photodynamic therapy or SRP in combination with laser irradiation of periodontal pockets. Results. The majority of studies confirmed the effectiveness of periodontal treatment combining SRP with photodynamic therapy or SRP with laser irradiation, compared to an SRP alone. Conclusions. Based on the recent literature, it can be concluded that SRP combined with photodynamic therapy or SRP in combination with a diode laser irradiation are effective methods to improve the outcomes of non-surgical periodontal treatment.
Polymer/Gas Clathrates for Gas Storage and Controlled Release

The nanoporous crystalline phase of a cheap commercial polymer shows, already at room temperature, large uptake of gas molecules (e.g., butadiene and carbon dioxide) leading to polymer/gas clathrate phases. These clathrate phases have been characterized by X-ray diffraction and infrared linear dichroism measurements. Gas release kinetics are strongly reduced as a consequence of clathrate formation and can be further reduced by (010) orientation of the host phase, i.e., by placing the ac layers of close-packed enantiomorphous polymer helices nearly parallel to the film plane. The reported results indicate that this robust and easy-to-process polymeric crystalline framework is suitable for gas storage and controlled release.
Production fields and physiological quality of Panicum maximum jacq. cv. mombasa seeds

The physiological quality of seeds is influenced by the climatic factors of production fields. The identification of the best conditions of P. maximum cv. Mombasa production fields allows the improvement of the seed sector. The aim of this work was to identify which climatic conditions of production fields can affect the physiological quality of P. maximum cv. Mombasa seeds. Nineteen plots from states of São Paulo (six from municipalities of Auriflama and three from Guzolândia) and Goiás (eight from Quirinópolis and two from Serranópolis), were collected by soil sweeping. The following parameters were evaluated: water content, germination rate, first germination count and germination rate index, seedling emergence in sand and field. Completely randomized design was used for all variables, with the exception of seedling emergence in field, since this variable required block design. Means were compared by the Scott-Knott test, at 5% probability. For the identification of the influence of climatic conditions on the physiological quality of seeds, multivariate statistical analysis was applied through Group and Principal Component Analysis. Production fields of Panicum maximum cv. Mombasa seeds presenting maximum temperatures above 32 oC at flowering and natural fall stages produce seeds of low physiological quality. Production fields in which precipitation and high temperatures occur during natural fall and harvest of P. maximum cv. Mombasa seeds are not favorable to the production of seeds with high physiological quality.
Computer Aided Simulation of Multiple Effect Evaporator for Concentration of Caustic Soda Solution

Quick Response Code Abstract: In this work, a mathematical model has been developed for the simulation of multiple effect evaporators (MEE) system from a set of non-linear equations, Evaporation is the most energy intensive unit in pulp and paper industries, feed and product flashing, condensate, boiling point rise, vapour bleeding, etc are considered to reduce energy consumption. An inquiry into PZ PLC, a manufacturing industry situated in Aba, Abia state; for concentrating liquor using falling film plate evaporator in steam splitting in the first two effects to generate vapour used in vapour bodies within the system. Evaporation is the removal of solvent as vapour from a solution. It is the operation which is used for concentration of solution. There could be single effect evaporator or multiple effect evaporators. With addition of each effect steam economy of the system also increases. Evaporators are integral part of a number of a process industry like Pulp and Paper, Sugar, Caustic Soda, Pharmaceuticals, Desalination, Dairy and Food Processing etc. Caustic Soda Industry is of present interest. The system consists of triple effect having falling film evaporator as each effect. There is forward feed and backward feed flow. This paper describes a steady state model of multiple effect evaporators for simulation purpose. The model includes overall as well as component mass balance equations, energy balance equations and heat transfer rate equations for area calculation for all the effects. Each effect in the process is represented by a number of variables which are related by the energy and material balance equations for the feed, product and vapour flow for forward feed & backward feed, The results of present work with concentration in effect-I at 0.853558 was validated against previous work of (Kumar and Zain, 1996) at 0.7942216 and it shows close agreement. Also considering a backward result of effect-III product as 0.327396 while that of (Kumar and Zain, 1996) as 0.398923 from the comparison with past work as well as industrial data at an inlet temperatures of 90 and 76 for 1 and 2 effects respectively, it shows that the present model can be applied to simulate a real MEE system by improving steam economy up to 2.46 through the incorporation of flash vapours from condensate steam. The code has been developed using MATLAB 5.8B. Results of the present approach are validated with industrial data.
Localization in a Semantic Map via Bounding Box Information and Feature Points

Mobile service robots often operate in human environments such as corridors, offices, classrooms, homes, etc. In order to function properly, they need to be aware of their 6 Degree of Freedom (6DoF) location. In addition, it is important that they possess semantic information i.e. knowledge of the types and positions of objects around them. In this method, we propose a method which obtains all of the above information directly. This method operates by using a camera as a “semantic sensor The robot obtains the direction of objects such as doors, windows, tables, etc. around itself in 2D camera images by detecting bounding boxes. It then uses these object locations to localize itself within a floor map of the environment, which is typically available for most indoor environments. However, bounding box information is highly unstable due to the various changes in lighting, pose, size, etc. Hence, we also semantically tag feature points on detected objects and use them in our Monte-Carlo based localization framework. This increases the robustness and accuracy of our approach, as is demonstrated by experiments.