Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Psychiatric morbidity in children involved in bullying treated at the Free State Psychiatric Complex

Background Bullying is a multifaceted problem with many consequences. Aim This study aimed to determine the psychiatric morbidity of children involved in bullying, either as bullies or victims, treated at the Child and Adolescent Mental Health Care Centre of the Free State Psychiatric Complex (FSPC). Setting Free State Psychiatric Complex, Bloemfontein, South Africa. Methods This retrospective cross-sectional study included children under 18 years treated at the FSPC Care Centre between January and September 2017. Information was extracted from patient files. Results Of 288 patients, 98 (34.0%) were involved in bullying: 66 were bullies, 28 victims, 3 bully-victims, and 1 unspecified. For gender and family structure, there were no statistically significant differences between children involved and those not involved in bullying and between bullies and victims. Almost all bullies (95.4%) had aggression as presenting complaint compared with 39.3% of the victims (p < 0.01). Statistically significantly more victims, than bullies, reported sadness (21.4%, 4.6%, p = 0.02). Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) was diagnosed in most children, both involved (73.5%) and not involved (63.2%). Statistically significant differences for the presence of conduct disorder were found between children involved and those not involved in bullying (31.6%, 10.0%, p < 0.01) and between bullies and victims (39.4%, 14.3%, p = 0.02). Conclusion The prevalence of conduct disorder diagnosis was more common in bullies than in victims and those involved in bullying as opposed to those not involved. Contribution Psychiatric information of bullying victims and perpetrators in the Free State, which had a high prevalence of bullying in a national survey.
Adopting the technology acceptance model: A Namibian perspective

Background: The adoption of online banking is still a concern in developing countries, with limited research in investigating the factors that can lead to the intention to use and the actual usage of online banking.Objectives: This research aims to broaden the knowledge about technology adoption by applying the technology acceptance model (TAM) to the online banking environment in Namibia.Methods: A descriptive, quantitative research design and structural equation modelling (SEM) were employed to analyse the data.Results: The adopted TAM had good model fit if applied to online banking in Namibia. Nine of the 12 hypotheses were accepted.Conclusion: System quality and social influence act as external factors that influence the level of trust, perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness. High levels of ease of use and usefulness of the online banking system result in a positive attitude towards the online banking system that in turn leads to the intention to use the system and then actual usage.Contribution: This study adopted the TAM and included social influence, system quality and perceived trust as factors that can influence the usage of online banking. The study contributed towards the knowledge of technology acceptance from an online banking perspective and can aid the banking sector in increasing the adoption of online banking systems.
An approximate deconvolution procedure for large-eddy simulation

An alternative approach to large-eddy simulation based on approximate deconvolution (ADM) is developed. The main ingredient is an approximation of the nonfiltered field by truncated series expansion of the inverse filter operator. A posteriori tests for decaying compressible isotropic turbulence show excellent agreement with direct numerical simulation. The computational overhead of ADM is similar to that of a scale-similarity model and considerably less than for dynamic models.
Noise Margin analysis of Efficient CNTFET- based Standard Ternary Inverter

Low-power circuit designs are required for battery-operated devices. A transistor needs to be small enough to be integrated onto a single chip. Therefore, CNTFET technology has been widely used to design nanoscale circuits for energy-efficient integration. Multiple-valued logic is utilised to reduce the circuit complexity by minimizing the interconnections. Compared to binary circuits, MVL circuits are more noise sensitive. As a result, it’s essential to consider noise margin into account when designing sustainable and reliable ternary circuits. The paper proposes a standard ternary inverter and compares noise margin, power consumption, delay, and PDP measurements with existing standard ternary inverters. The proposed STI has a 68.6% higher noise margin than the existing designs and 82%, 80%, and 91% improvements in power consumption, PDP, and delay, respectively, over existing circuits.
Marine Fresh Carbon Pool Dominates Summer Carbonaceous Aerosols Over Arctic Ocean

The source of marine carbonaceous aerosols is crucial to determine as it provides information about the ocean‐cloud‐climate relationship and the carbon cycle. However, contribution of different marine organic pools to marine primary organic aerosols remains controversial and this will lead to uncertainties in climate models. Here, we report the stable carbon isotopes and carbonaceous fraction of marine aerosols, measured during three summer Arctic cruises (33°N–85°N, July‐September, 2014–2018). By comparing the stable carbon isotopic signatures of seawater and aerosols in the Arctic Ocean, we found that the marine fresh carbon pool had a depleted isotopic signature, contributing 80 ± 12% of the carbonaceous fraction. Both in 2016 and 2018, the aerosol carbon isotopes in the Arctic Ocean were significantly higher than those in 2014. Increased productivity in the Arctic Ocean may dominate the increase of stable carbon isotope in the marine fresh carbon pool on an annual scale. Our research highlights the important contribution of fresh marine carbon pool to marine carbonaceous aerosols in response to marine ecosystem change under Arctic warming.
Can Associative Effects Affect In Vitro Digestibility Estimates Using Artificial Fermenters?

We aimed to test the associative effects among forages, and between forage and concentrates on the in vitro digestibility of dry matter and neutral detergent fibre using an artificial ruminal fermentation system. The study consisted of two assays, in which associative effects were evaluated among three forages, sugarcane, maize silage, and Tifton 85 hay under two incubation conditions (single feed or all feeds together in a jar), and the associative effects between sugarcane and soybean meal and/or ground maize. For the first assay, sugarcane digestibility increased (p < 0.02), whereas the maize silage digestibility decreased (p < 0.01) when forages were incubated together in the same jar. Tifton hay digestibility was not altered (p ≥ 0.57) by the incubation condition. In the second assay, the sugarcane digestibility was depressed (p < 0.05) when the forage was incubated along with maize grain. For both assays, the pattern of repeatability for digestibility estimates presented an influence of the incubation condition. We concluded that the incubation of different feeds together in the same jar using artificial fermenters causes associative effects among them. These effects can influence the estimates of in vitro dry matter and fibre digestibility and alter their repeatability.
The Classical Binary and Triplet Distribution Functions for Dilute Relativistic Plasma

The aim of this paper is to calculate the binary and triplet distribution functions for dilute relativistic plasma in terms of the thermal parameter μ where , is the mass of charge; c is the speed of light; k is the Boltzmann’s constant; and T is the absolute temperature. Our calculations are based on the relativistic Bogoliubov-Born-Green-Kirkwood-Yvon (BBGKY) hierarchy. We obtain classical binary and triplet distribution functions for one- and two-component plasmas. The excess free energy and pressure are represented in the forms of a convergent series expansions in terms of the thermal parameter μ.
Exact solution of continued fraction for tracer diffusion in solids

The continued fraction expansion of the self-correlation function is solved exactly for a lattice gas with hard-core interactions. Successive steps of the continued fraction provide correlation effects from the different jump steps of the tracer in the whole concentration range. The results are compared with the exact single-vacancy results of Pruthi (1981) in a square planar lattice.
Unraveling the Janus Role of Mie Resonances and Leaky/Guided Modes in Semiconductor Nanowire Absorption for Enhanced Light Harvesting

Light absorption from finite semiconductor nanowires is investigated through a unified theoretical picture and numerical simulations. We first show theoretically from the electromagnetic mode dispersion relation and the Mie extinction cross sections for infinite nanowires that formally equivalent (Janus) formulas yield both leaky/guided modes and Mie resonances as, respectively, complex wave vector or complex frequency solutions that, in turn, overlap only at grazing angles with respect to the nanowire axis. For finite semiconductor nanowires, the angle of incidence becomes critical: absorption is dominated by Mie resonances at incident angles perpendicular (and oblique) to the nanowire axis; by contrast, guided mode excitation (if spectrally available) governs and enhances absorption at grazing incidence. Such theoretical prediction can be exploited to optimize nanowire designs for broad band and broad angle light harvesting applications.
Core Structure–Activity Relationship Studies of 5,7,20-O-Trimethylsilybins in Prostate Cancer Cell Models

Silibinin, also known as silybin, is isolated from milk thistle (Silybum marianum). Silibinin has been demonstrated to be a good lead compound due to its potential to prevent and treat prostate cancer. Its moderate potency and poor pharmacokinetic profile hindered it from moving forward to therapeutic use. Our research group has been working on optimizing silibinin for the potential treatment of castration-resistant prostate cancer. Our previous studies established 5,7,20-O-trimethylsilybins as promising lead compounds as they can selectively suppress androgen receptor (AR)-positive LNCaP cell proliferation. Encouraged by the promising data, the present study aims to investigate the relationships between the core structure of 5,7,20-O-trimethylsilybin and their antiproliferative activities towards AR-positive (LNCaP) and AR-negative prostate cancer cell lines (PC-3 and DU145). The structure–activity relationships among the four different core structures (including flavanonol-type flavonolignan (silibinin), flavone-type flavonolignan (hydnocarpin D), chalcone-type flavonolignan, and taxifolin (a flavonolignan precursor) indicate that 5,7,20-O-trimethylsilybins are the most promising scaffold to selectively suppress AR-positive LNCaP prostate cancer cell proliferation. Further investigation on the antiproliferative potency of their optically enriched versions of the most promising 5,7,20-O-trimethylsilybins led to the conclusion that (10R,11R) derivatives (silybin A series) are more potent than (10S,11S) derivatives (silybin B series) in suppressing AR positive LNCaP cell proliferation.
Global mammographic radiomic signature can predict radiologists’ difficult-to-interpret normal cases

This study investigated whether a global radiomic signature (i.e., a set of global radiomic features) from mammograms can predict radiologists’ difficult-to-interpret normal cases. Retrospective non-identifiable data collected from 342 radiologists interpreting 81 normal mammograms were used to group cases as difficult-to-interpret (41 cases) and easy-to-interpret (40 cases) based on one-third of cases having the correspondingly highest and lowest difficulty scores. A set of 34 global radiomic features per image were extracted based on regions of interests delineated using lattice- and squared-based approaches, and normalised. Three machine learning classification models were constructed: 1). CC, using the 34 global radiomic features derived from craniocaudal images only, and 2). MLO, using the features from mediolateral oblique images only, both based on a random forest method for differentiating difficult-to-interpret from easy-to-interpret normal cases, and 3). CC+MLO model using the median predictive scores from both CC and MLO models. We trained and validated the models using leave-one-out-cross-validation approach. Performances of the models were measured by the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC). The CC+MLO model outperformed (0.73 AUC, 0.62 to 0.83) the CC (0.70 AUC, 0.62 to 0.78) and MLO (0.68 AUC, 0.60 to 0.76) models. The results showed that the global mammographic radiomic signature has the ability to predict radiologists’ difficult-to-interpret normal cases.
Impact of group music-making on social development: a scoping review (El impacto de la práctica musical grupal en el desarrollo social: una revisión exploratoria)

ABSTRACT The potential of music-making to foster an individual’s social development has been widely explored. The objective of this review is twofold: (1) to examine the characteristics of group music-making initiatives aimed at promoting social skills; and (2) to analyse the impact that group music-making initiatives have on people’s social development. Twenty studies were reviewed. The aspects analysed included education level, participants’ roles, participants’ academic or social backgrounds, family involvement and various organizational features such as number of participants, duration of the programme, number of sessions per week and session length. Regarding the research methods used, the review explored the studies’ research design, the variables analysed and the impact of the results. The results were generally positive: 79% of the qualitative studies revealed notable improvements in social skills. The average effect size for the quantitative studies ranged from large to very large. Despite these promising results, the effects of group music-making initiatives are variable. It is necessary to ensure proper implementation of the initiatives or adequate conditions to foster people’s social development.
Spit It Out: Is Caffeine Mouth Rinse an Effective Ergogenic Aid? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Supplemental Digital Content is Available in the Text. ABSTRACT The effects of caffeine mouth rinse (Caff-MR) on sports performance have been evaluated by recent studies presenting contrasting results. Therefore, this systematic review aimed to summarize the evidence regarding the effects of Caff-MR on sports performance. According to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses recommendations, the search through PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus databases was performed until December 2021. A random-effects meta-analysis of standardized mean differences was performed to assess the overall effect of Caff-MR on sports performance-related outcomes. Sixteen studies met the inclusion criteria (207 participants). The meta-analysis showed no significant overall effect of Caff-MR on sports performance (p = 0.09). Moreover, no effects were shown on maximal heart rate or ratings of perceived exertion. The risk of bias for the included studies assessed using the risk of bias in randomized trials Cochrane tool presented 87.5% (n = 14) of the studies as medium and 12.5% (n = 2) as high scores. These data do not support using Caff-MR for sports performance, although more consistent and well-controlled studies are warranted. Large heterogeneity in study designs precludes making practical recommendations for exercise performance. More research is warranted to elucidate the potential of Caff-MR, specifically focusing on determining the optimal dose.
Steady Free-Surface Vortical Flows Parallel to the Horizontal Bottom

Steady, free-surface, vortical flows of an inviscid, incompressible, heavy fluid over a horizontal, rigid bottom are considered. All flows of constant depth are described for any Lipschitz vorticity distribution. It is shown that the values of Bernoullis constant, for which such flows exist, are greater than or equal to some critical value depending on the vorticity. For the critical value, only one flow exists and it is unidirectional. Supercritical flows exist for all values of Bernoullis constant greater than the critical one; every such flow is also unidirectional and its depth is smaller than that of the critical flow. Furthermore, at least one flow other than supercritical does exist for every value of Bernoullis constant greater than the critical one. It is found that for some vorticity distributions, the number of constant depth flows increases unrestrictedly as Bernoullis constant tends to infinity. However, all these flows, except for one or two, have counter-currents; their number depends on Bernoullis constant and increases by at least two every time when this constant becomes greater than a critical value (the above mentioned is the smallest of them), belonging to a sequence defined by the vorticity. A classification of vorticity distributions is presented; it divides all of them into three classes in accordance with the behaviour of some integral of the distribution on the interval [0, 1]. For distributions in the first class, a unidirectional subcritical flow exists for all admissible values of Bernoullis constant. For vorticity distributions belonging to the other two classes such a flow exists only when Bernoullis constant is less than a certain value. If Bernoullis constant is greater than this value, then at least one flow with counter-currents does exist along with the unidirectional supercritical flow. The second and third classes of vorticity distributions are distinguished from one another by the character of the counter-currents. If a distribution is in the second class, then a near-bottom counter-current is always present for sufficiently large values of Bernoullis constant. For distributions in the third class, a near-surface counter-current is always present for such values of the constant. Several examples illustrating the results are considered.
Estimating high-dimensional dependence structures with the PC-algorithm

We consider the PC-algorithm (Spirtes et al., 2000) for estimating the skeleton and equivalence class of a very high-dimensional directed acyclic graph (DAG) with corresponding Gaussian distribution. The PC algorithm is computationally feasible and often very fast for sparse problems with many nodes (variables), and it has the attractive property to automatically achieve high computational efficiency as a function of sparseness of the true underlying DAG. We prove uniform consistency of the algorithm for very high-dimensional, sparse DAGs where the number of nodes is allowed to quickly grow with sample size n, as fast as O(n) for any 0 < a <∞. The sparseness assumption is rather minimal requiring only that the neighborhoods in the DAG are of lower order than sample size n. Moreover, a computationally efficient robustification of the PC algorithm is proposed and we prove its consistency. Furthermore, we compare the robustified and standard version of the PC-algorithm on simulated data. Finally, we consider the application of the PC-algorithm to the problem of variable selection in high-dimensional linear models where the number of covariates greatly exceeds the sample size. We present the concept of partially faithful distributions and discuss their role for inferring associations between the response and the covariates. For partially faithful distributions, a simplified version of the PC-algorithm, which
Commutator conditions in normal closures of Engel groups

In this dissertation we explore connections between n-Engel groups and commutator properties of the normal closures of their elements. We explore examples where a group is n-Engel but an element of the group has a normal closure that is not nilpotent of class n. We also look at n-Engel groups where an element has a normal closure that is not (n− 1)−Engel. Finally, we define and investigate a class of groups in which any n-Engel group contains only elements whose normal closures are (n− 1)−Engel and nilpotent of class n− 1.
The integration of the small‐island effect and nestedness pattern

The small‐island effect (SIE) and nestedness are two important patterns in the fields of island biogeography and community ecology. However, to date, no study has tried to integrate the SIE and nestedness pattern. Therefore, the aim of this study was to integrate these two biogeographical patterns by proposing a new integrative hypothesis. The integrative hypothesis posits that the degree of nestedness of the large island matrix will be larger than that of the small island matrix split by the threshold of the SIE.
Evolution of Multiscale Vortices in the Development of Hurricane Dolly (2008)

Abstract As a follow-up to a previously published article on the initial development and genesis of Hurricane Dolly (2008), this study further examines the evolution of, and interactions among, multiscale vortices ranging from the system-scale main vortex (L > 150 km) to the intermediate-scale cloud clusters (50 km < L < 150 km) and individual vorticity-rich convective cells (L < 50 km). It is found that there are apparent self-similarities among these vortices at different scales, each of which may undergo several cycles of alternating accumulation and release of convective available potential energy. Enhanced surface fluxes below individual cyclonic vortices at each scale contribute to the sustainment and reinvigoration of moist convection that in turn contributes to the maintenance and upscale growth of these vortices. Spectral analysis of horizontal divergence and relative vorticity further suggests that the cloud-cluster-scale and system-scale vortices are predominantly balanced while the individual .
Integrated Weed Management in Direct Seeded Puddled Rice

The study was conducted at CCSHAU Rice Reserach Station, Kaul during kharif, 1993 and 1994 in which butachlor 1.5 and 1.0 kg/ha compared with hand weeding twice, weed-free check and non-weeded check. Lower dose of herbicide was supplemented with one hand weeding or application of 2,4-D Na 30 DAS. Highest grain yied of 53.42 q/ha was recorded with weed-free check compared to 5.36 q/ha under non-weeded check. Hand weeding twice registered grain yield of 47.68 q/ha and reduced weed dry weight (89.8 g/m2). Butachlor 1.0 kg/ha in combination with one hand weeding proved as effective as hand weeding twice in reducing weed dry weight (102.3 glm2) and increasing rice yield (45.61 q/ha). Highest net return of Rs. 12.25 thousand/ha due to weed management was obtained with butachlor 1.0 kg/ha in combination with one hand weeding which was followed by hand weeding twice (Rs.11.73 thousand) and weed-free check (11.70 thousand).
Feature Indeterminacy and Feature Resolution.

Syntactic features like CASE, PERSON, and GENDER are often assumed to have simple atomic values that are checked for consistency by the standard predicate of equality. The CASE feature has values such as NOM or ACC, and values like MASC and FEM are assumed for the feature GENDER. But such a view does not square with some of the complex behavior these features exhibit. It allows no obvious account of FEATURE INDETERMINACY (how a particular form can satisfy conflicting requirements on a feature like CASE), nor does it give an obvious account of FEATURE RESOLUTION (how PERSON and GENDER features of a coordinate noun phrase are determined on the basis of the conjuncts). We present a theory of feature representation and feature checking that solves these two problems, providing a straightforward characterization of feature indeterminacy and feature resolution while sticking to structures and standard interpretations that have independent motivation. Our theory of features is formulated within the LFG framework, but we believe that similar solutions can be developed within other syntactic approaches.