Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Egg production, fertility, hatchability and immune responses of some chicken strains under high ambient temperatures.

This experiment was designed to investigate and compare the egg production, fertility, hatchability and immune responses of some local developed Egyptian chicken strains under high ambient temperatures. A total of 108 (26 weeks old) laying hens of Matrouh, Silver Montazah, Mandarah and Inshas (9 hens × 3 replicates × 4 strains) were used to evaluate the impact of thermal stress (24-34ºC) during summer season (June, July and August) on egg production, fertility, hatchability and immune responses. The obtained results revealed that final body weight (FBW/g) and body weight change (BWC/g) among different chicken strains were not affected. The daily feed consumption (FC/g) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) for Silver Montazah and Inshas strains were significantly (p ≤ .05) higher than those of Matrouh and Mandarah strains. The mean egg production (EP/%) and egg mass (EM) for Silver Montazah and Inshas strains were significantly (p ≤ .05) higher than those of Matrouh and Mandarah strains. The highest percentages of hatchability of total eggs (HTE) and fertile eggs (HFE) were recorded in Inshas chickens, while the lowest value was recorded in Mandarah chickens. Also, the highest embryonic mortalities (p ≤ .05) and lowest chick weight at hatch (CWH/g) were recorded in Mandarah chickens compared with the other strains. The highest values for antibody titres against phytohemagglutinin-P (PHA-P) were recorded in Mandarah chickens, while the least values were recorded in Inshas chickens.
Pregnancy outcomes in female patients exposed to cyclosporin‐based versus tacrolimus‐based immunosuppressive regimens after liver/kidney transplantation: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

Pregnancy after transplantation is a challenge owing to the high risk of adverse maternal and foetal outcomes, and immunosuppressants may further impact these outcomes. There are no head‐to‐head randomized controlled trials comparing influences of cyclosporin and tacrolimus on pregnancy outcomes. Thus, we systematically reviewed and meta‐analysed observational studies assessing the comparative influences of these two drugs on pregnancy outcomes in liver/kidney transplant recipients.
Safety of pharmacological options for the management of COVID-19 in pregnant women: An Indian perspective.

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a viral illness caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS- CoV-2) presenting with pulmonary and extra-pulmonary manifestations. The first case was reported in Wuhan, China in December 2019 and has rapidly progressed to the form of a pandemic. The presentation is mild in about 80 percent of the cases, but the disease can also progress to a severe form of respiratory illness leading to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and sometimes multi-organ failure, especially in people with other co-morbidities. Pregnant women also appear to be at a greater risk of acquiring a severe infection due to physiological changes during pregnancy. Many drugs with in vitro activity against the virus or an immunomodulatory effect have been considered for repurposing or have been tried as off-label drugs. The safety data regarding the use of newly approved or off-label or investigational drugs in pregnant women is limited and this poses a great challenge for clinicians. It is thus important to know the utility and safety of the medications to avoid untoward adverse effects on pregnant women and fetuses. In this review, we aim to provide an overview of the approved, off-label, unlicensed, new and some promising medications for their use in the treatment of COVID-19 and the safety profile in pregnancy in an Indian scenario.
Space Charge Trapping and Conduction in Low-Density Polyethylene/Silica Nanocomposite

The high field conduction and space charge distribution were investigated in low-density polyethylene (LDPE) and LDPE/silica nanocomposites filled with various concentrations of nanosilica. The results indicate that nanosilica could effectively suppress space charge accumulation at nanofiller concentrations from 0.1 to 5.0 wt %. However, the conduction current at a high field significantly increases at low concentrations from 0.1 to 0.5 wt % and remarkably reduces at high concentrations from 0.5 to 5.0 wt %. It is shown that the trap depth corresponding to the time from 2 to 3600 s significantly decreases at low nanofiller concentrations from 0.1 to 0.5 wt %. However, the depth of deep traps corresponding to the time from 100 to 3600 s increases with the increase in nanofiller concentration from 0.5 to 5.0 wt %. Moreover, the depth of shallow traps corresponding to the time from 2 to 100 s increases at concentrations from 0.5 to 2.0 wt %, and then it decreases at concentrations from 2.0 to 5.0 wt %. In addition, the apparent mobility varies with the modification of trap depth caused by the introduction of nanofiller. The threshold field EΩ–t for remarkable charge injection and Et–c proportional to the total trap density H are significantly lower in the nanocomposite with a low nanosilica concentration, i.e., 0.1 and 0.5 wt %, while both of them increase at concentrations from 0.5 to 5.0 wt %. It is considered that the impurity effect is greater than the nanofiller effect at a low nanofiller concentration. The deep trap is speculated as the chemical trap in the interface of the nanofiller bonding strongly with the polymer chain, while the shallow trap may be related to the chemical trap in the weakly bonded interface. It is clear that the space charge behavior and conduction are significantly affected by modification of the trap depth and density distribution owing to the introduction of nanofiller.
A Model-Based Analysis of Plasma Parameters and Composition in HBr/X ( X = Ar , He , N2 ) Inductively Coupled Plasmas

D A Model-Based Analysis of Plasma Parameters and Composition in HBr/X „X = Ar, He, N2. Inductively Coupled Plasmas Kwang-Ho Kwon,* Alexander Efremov, Moonkeun Kim, Nam Ki Min, Jaehwa Jeong, and Kwangsoo Kim Department of Control and Instrumentation Engineering, Korea University, Chungnam 339-700, Korea Department of Electronic Devices and Materials Technology, State University of Chemistry and Technology, 153000 Ivanovo, Russia Sogang Institute of Advanced Technology, Sogang University, Seoul 121-742, Korea
Analysis of adsorption behavior of cations onto quartz surface by electrical double-layer model

In a study of the adsorption behavior of cations onto quartz, the distribution coefficient of a variety of cations was determined using the batch method, and using the titration method, the surface charge densities of quartz in a number of electrolyte solutions. The two values thus determined were analyzed applying the electrical double-layer model, from which optimum parameter values were derived for double-layer electrostatics and intrinsic adsorption equilibrium constants. Based on these parameter values, the mechanism of cation adsorption is discussed: A key factor governing this mechanism proved to be the hydration behavior of cations. Consideration of the Coulomb interaction between the adsorbate ions and adsorbent surface led to the finding of a simple rule governing in common the adsorption equilibrium constants of different metal ions.
Detection of Malicious Tools by Monitoring DLL Using Deep Learning

: In targeted attacks, various malicious tools are leveraged by attackers. According to the Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA), tools such as China Chopper, Mimikatz, PowerShell Empire, and HUC Packet Transmitter are used in targeted attacks. Standard malware detection methods include those based on ﬁle names or hashes. However, attackers tend to avoid detection by changing the ﬁle name of malicious tools or by rebuilding them. Therefore, detecting malicious tools used in targeted attacks is di ﬃ cult. We found that the order of Windows built-in DLLs loaded by each malicious tool has unique characteristics. In this study, we propose a detection method of malicious tools by analyzing DLL information using deep learning, considering the DLL and its order of loading by each process. We conﬁrmed that even if the ﬁle names are changed or tools are rebuilt, our proposed method could detect the mentioned four tools with high detection rates: with a recall rate of 97.45%, a precision rate of 97.29%, and F value of 97.37% on average. Furthermore, the proposed method can detect malicious tools with more than a 90% detection rate, even if about 10% of loaded DLLs are changed in the future.
A Low-Depth Homomorphic Circuit for Logistic Regression Model Training

Machine learning is an important tool for analyzing large data sets, but its use on sensitive data may be limited by regulation. One solution to this problem is to perform machine learning tasks on encrypted data using homomorphic encryption, which enables arbitrary computation on encrypted data. We take a fresh look at one specific task: training a logistic regression model on encrypted data. The most important factor in the efficiency of a solution is the multiplicative depth of the homomorphic circuit. Two prior works have given circuits with multiplicative depth of five per training iteration. We optimize one of these solutions, by Han et al. [13], and give a circuit with half the multiplicative depth per iteration on average, which allows us to perform twice as many training iterations in the same amount of time. In the process of improving the state-of-the-art circuit for this task, we identify general techniques to improve homomorphic circuit design for two broad classes of algorithms: iterative algorithms, and algorithms based on linear algebra over real numbers. First, we formalize the encoding scheme from [13] for encoding linear algebra objects as plaintexts in the CKKS homomorphic encryption scheme. We also show how to use this encoding to homomorphically compute many basic linear algebra operations, including novel operations not discussed in prior work. This “toolkit” is generic, and can be used in any application based on linear algebra. Second, we demonstrate how generic compiler techniques for loop optimization can be used to reduce the multiplicative depth of iterative algorithms.
Genetic diversity of the dengue virus population in dengue fever and dengue hemorrhagic fever patients.

BACKGROUND The error-prone replication of dengue virus (DENV) in host results in the highly diverse viral population. Together with the host factor, intra-host diversity may influence the disease severity. Therefore, it is worth investigating whether there is a correlation between intra-host genetic diversity and disease severity. OBJECTIVE To investigate the genetic diversity in DENV for four serotypes of the dengue population from patients with dengue fever (DF) and dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) using next-generation sequencing (NGS) technology. METHODS Forty RNA samples categorized into eight groups by severity and serotypes were sequenced and analyzed for genetic variation. Analysis on the hot-cold genomic regions, selection pressure and correlation between genotype and disease severity were performed in this study. RESULTS Comparison between the NGS data of the DF and DHF specimens showed conservation between their major populations with the consensus sequences for DF and DHF sharing 99% similarity. However, the minor populations in DF and DHF were more diverse. Many genes in DF had an #NS/#S ratio higher than in DHF. Only NS4B of DENV1 DF has #NS/#S ratio higher than one. Hot regions of the DF were detected in NS3 of DENV1, DENV2 and Envelope of DENV3, whereas the hot regions of the DHF samples were detected in the small region in 3'UTR of DENV2 and DENV3. CONCLUSIONS Various explorations of the variations of DF and DHF were performed in this study. However, we have not yet found any specific characteristics of intra-host diversity associated with disease severity.
Noise‐induced hippocampal oxidative imbalance and aminoacidergic neurotransmitters alterations in developing male rats: Influence of enriched environment during adolescence

Living in big cities might involuntarily expose people to high levels of noise causing auditory and/or extra‐auditory impairments, including adverse effects on central nervous system (CNS) areas such as the hippocampus. In particular, CNS development is a very complex process that can be altered by environmental stimuli. We have previously shown that noise exposure of developing rats can induce hippocampal‐related behavioral alterations. However, noise‐induced biochemical alterations had not been studied yet. Thus, the aim of this work was to assess whether early noise exposure can affect rat hippocampal oxidative state and aminoacidergic neurotransmission tone. Additionally, the effectiveness of an enriched environment (EE) as a neuroprotective strategy was evaluated. Male Wistar rats were exposed to different noise schemes at 7 or 15 days after birth. Upon weaning, some animals were transferred to an EE whereas others were kept in standard cages. Short‐ and long‐term measurements were performed to evaluate reactive oxygen species, thioredoxins levels and catalase activity as indicators of hippocampal oxidative status as well as glutamic acid decarboxylase and a subtype of glutamate transporter to evaluate aminoacidergic neurotransmission tone. Results showed noise‐induced changes in hippocampal oxidative state and aminoacidergic neurotransmission markers that lasted until adolescence and differed according to the scheme and the age of exposure. Finally, EE housing was effective in preventing some of these changes. These findings suggest that CNS development seems to be sensitive to the effects of stressors such as noise, as well as those of an environmental stimulation, favoring prompt and lasting molecular changes.
Crystallographic deformation in mechanically soft colloidal crystals derived from polymeric latex dispersions

Mechanically soft colloidal crystals of macroscopic dimensions can be obtained via drying charge stabilized polymeric latex dispersions. This article discusses deformation mechanisms of such soft colloidal crystals by means of synchrotron small angle X-ray scattering techniques. Different from conventional crystalline materials, the structural units in the soft colloidal crystals are mechanically deformable. The micro-structural evolution of such soft colloidal crystals as a function of macroscopic deformation was considered. The main features during the deformation process can be identified such as affine deformation of latex particles with respect to the macroscopic one and slips of crystallographic planes within colloidal crystals. Despite the already illustrative experimental data present, understanding of the underlying mechanisms remains still largely descriptive. Therefore, a promising advancement in the knowledge of the fundamental properties of this kind of soft colloidal crystal is desired.
Relationship between bioactivity and chemical composition of commercial essential oils

In order to establish the value of the use of biological activities as accessory criteria (in conjunction with gas chromatography, but in the absence of enantiomeric analysis) for establishing the authenticity of essential oils, the biological activities of 105 commercial essential oils were investigated against 25 species of bacteria, 20 strains of Listeria monocytogenes, and three filamentous fungi; their antioxidant action was also determined and all the results were related to the actual chemical composition of the oils as determined by gas chromatography. The results showed some relationship between the major components and some bioactivities. There was a negative correlation between 1,8-cineole content and antifungal activity. There was, however, great variability between the biological action of different samples of individual oils and groups of oils under the same general name, e.g. lavender, eucalyptus or chamomile, which was reflected in differences in chemical composition, The results suggest that, although the biological activities are not all related to the main components, any significant blending, rectification and adulteration of commercial oils can be monitored by their biological activities. The use of essential oils named simply as ‘chamomile’ or ‘eucalyptus’, or any commercial oil which has been adulterated, cannot be justifiably used in treating medical conditions unless it can be shown that the action is non-specific and independent of the chemical composition. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Sexual selection on the genital lobes of male Drosophila simulans

Sexual selection is thought to be responsible for the rapid divergent evolution of male genitalia with several studies detecting multivariate sexual selection on genital form. However, in most cases, selection is only estimated during a single episode of selection, which provides an incomplete view of net selection on genital traits. Here, we estimate the strength and form of multivariate selection on the genitalia arch of Drosophila simulans when mating occurs in the absence of a competitor and during sperm competition, in both sperm defence and offense roles (i.e., when mating first and last). We found that the strength of sexual selection on the genital arch was strongest during noncompetitive mating and weakest during sperm offense. However, the direction of selection was similar across selection episodes with no evidence for antagonistic selection. Overall, selection was not particularly strong despite genitals clearly evolving rapidly in this species.
Functional Connectivity Predicts Individual Development of Inhibitory Control during Adolescence.

Derailment of inhibitory control (IC) underlies numerous psychiatric and behavioral disorders, many of which emerge during adolescence. Identifying reliable predictive biomarkers that place the adolescents at elevated risk for future IC deficits can help guide early interventions, yet the scarcity of longitudinal research has hindered the progress. Here, using a large-scale longitudinal dataset in which the same subjects performed a stop signal task during functional magnetic resonance imaging at ages 14 and 19, we tracked their IC development individually and tried to find the brain features predicting their development by constructing prediction models using 14-year-olds' functional connections within a network or between a pair of networks. The participants had distinct between-subject trajectories in their IC development. Of the candidate connections used for prediction, ventral attention-subcortical network interconnections could predict the individual development of IC and formed a prediction model that generalized to previously unseen individuals. Furthermore, we found that connectivity between these two networks was related to substance abuse problems, an IC-deficit related problematic behavior, within 5 years. Our study reveals individual differences in IC development from mid- to late-adolescence and highlights the importance of ventral attention-subcortical network interconnections in predicting future IC development and substance abuse in adolescents.
A deep learning approach to evaluate the feasibility of enzymatic reactions generated by retrobiosynthesis

Retrobiosynthesis allows the designing of novel biosynthetic pathways for the production of chemicals and materials through metabolic engineering, but generates a large number of reactions beyond the experimental feasibility. Thus, an effective method that can reduce a large number of the initially predicted enzymatic reactions has been needed. Here, we present Deep learning‐based Reaction Feasibility Checker (DeepRFC) to classify the feasibility of a given enzymatic reaction with high performance and speed. DeepRFC is designed to receive Simplified Molecular‐Input Line‐Entry System (SMILES) strings of a reactant pair, which is defined as a substrate and a product of a reaction, as an input, and evaluates whether the input reaction is feasible. A deep neural network is selected for DeepRFC as it leads to better classification performance than five other representative machine learning methods examined. For validation, the performance of DeepRFC is compared with another in‐house reaction feasibility checker that uses the concept of reaction similarity. Finally, the use of DeepRFC is demonstrated for the retrobiosynthesis‐based design of novel one‐carbon assimilation pathways. DeepRFC will allow retrobiosynthesis to be more practical for metabolic engineering applications by efficiently screening a large number of retrobiosynthesis‐derived enzymatic reactions. DeepRFC is freely available at https://bitbucket.org/kaistsystemsbiology/deeprfc.
Willingness to Write (WTW): Development of a model in EFL writing classrooms

Abstract This study aimed to develop a second-language willingness to write (L2WTW) model for foreign language writing classrooms. For this purpose, based on previous empirical studies, a hypothesized framework that describes the relationship between L2 motivation, L2 learners’ attitude, autonomy, self-confidence, teacher/peer feedback, and knowledge of genre and L2WTW were proposed. Then, the model, which integrated a mixture of psychological, cognitive, textual, and contextual variables, was tested by using structural equation modeling (SEM). One hundred and ninety-five upper-intermediate English major university students were selected and were asked to complete a questionnaire. The results revealed that there were positive relationships between teacher/peer feedback, autonomy, L2 motivation, L2 learners’ attitude, and L2WTW. However, this study did not find a significant relationship between knowledge of the genre and L2 writers’ self-confidence and L2WTW. An implication of this study is that English language teachers can employ the investigated variables to increase their students’ L2WTW.
The glenohumeral ligaments: Superior, middle, and inferior: Anatomy, biomechanics, injury, and diagnosis

The three glenohumeral ligaments (superior, middle, and inferior) are discrete thickenings of the glenohumeral joint capsule and are critical to shoulder stability and function. Injuries to this area are a cause of significant musculoskeletal morbidity. A literature search was performed by a review of PubMed, Google Scholar, and OVID for all relevant articles published up until 2020. This study highlights the anatomy, biomechanical function, and injury patterns of the glenohumeral ligaments, which may be relevant to clinical presentation and diagnosis. A detailed understanding of the normal anatomy and biomechanics is a necessary prerequisite to understanding the injury patterns and clinical presentations of disorders involving the glenohumeral ligaments of the shoulder.