Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Optimum location of geogrid reinforcement in unpaved road

This study evaluated the optimum location of a reinforcement layer to maximize the efficiency of the reinforcement inclusion in an unpaved road section. The analyses are used to investigate the optimum location of the reinforcement layer within the aggregate base course (ABC) layer, and provide a possible reason for the improvement in performance. A series of three-dimensional finite element method analyses was performed, and the strain and stress response of a reinforced unpaved road section with two different ABC thicknesses was evaluated. The analyses were conducted under cyclic loading with three different radii of the circular loaded area. The embedded depth of reinforcement was varied within the ABC layer. Results indicate that regardless of ABC layer thickness, the surface deformation is minimized when the reinforcement is embedded at a depth equal to half of the radius of the loaded area (D = 0.5r). A higher tension force is mobilized in the reinforcement element when it is placed at D = 0.5r. It .
Response of riparian areas of the shortgrass steppe to anthropogenic disturbance and assessment of students' changed understanding of ecosystem reclamation through experience

Reclamation is needed to restore areas damaged by human activities to a level of ecological sustainability and functional diversity. Determining reclamation success is imperative to evaluate current reclamation practices. This study evaluated the plant and soil reclamation of an aggregate mine site on the shortgrass steppe of northeastern Colorado to determine its status five years after mining activity was terminated. This assessment was made by comparing the gravel mine site to minimally impacted reference sites on the shortgrass steppe. Community composition, soil characteristics and productivity were all significantly different for the research site. In particular, soil phosphorus and soil potassium levels were lower for the mined site. In addition, the gravel mine site had lower levels of belowground biomass. The results of this study indicate that reclamation efforts on the gravel mine site have been successful in establishing ground cover composed of native grasses and establishing functionally similar species to the references sites. Planting more native forbs and adding phosphorus and potassium to the soil is recommended to bring the experimental site closer to the reference site conditions.
Bivariate Poisson Generalized Lindley Distributions and the Associated BINAR(1) Processes

This paper proposes new bivariate distributions based on the Poisson generalized Lindley distribution as marginal. These models include the basic bivariate Poisson generalized Lindley (BPGL) and the Sarmanov-based bivariate Poisson generalized Lindley (SPGL) distributions. Subsequently, we introduce the BPGL and SPGL distributions as joint innovation distributions in a novel bivariate first-order integer-valued autoregressive process (BINAR(1)) based on binomial thinning. The model parameters in the BPGL and SPGL distributions are estimated using the method of maximum likelihood (ML) while we apply the conditional maximum likelihood (CML) for the BINAR(1) process. We conduct some simulation experiments to assess the small and large sample performances. Further, we implement the new BINAR(1)s to the Pittsburgh crime series data and they show better fitting criteria than other competing BINAR(1) models in the literature.
Functional results in the treatment of patients with soft tissue injuries to the volar aspect of the wrist

Introduction: The hand is a very important body part with complex anatomy. Important neurovascular structures are located in the hand. Many superficial injuries of the hand, which may at first glance appear harmless, are often associated with injuries to tendons, nerves, and blood vessels. This paper describes soft tissue injuries, while injuries to the bone have been excluded from the study. Aim: The aim of this study is to present the functional outcome of the treatment of patients with soft tissue wounds to the volar aspect of the wrist. Methods: A retrospective analysis of 20 patients treated at the Microsurgery Department of the Emergency Center in Belgrade was performed. We observed the following: gross grip strength (GGS) of the hand, range of motion, the two-point discrimination test (2PD), while the patients filled out the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH) questionnaire. Results: In our study, the GGS of the injured hand was 80.9% of the strength of the uninjured hand. The mean range of motion of the wrist, as well as of the DIP, PIP, and MCP joints, ranged from 77.45% to 91.6%, as compared to the uninjured hand. An S3+ level of sensory recovery was achieved by 10% of patients. The average DASH score was 19.78. Conclusion: Our study shows that proper and timely treatment is necessary for a good functional result in the treatment of these injuries.
Transformational Leadership and Innovative Work Behavior: Testing the Mediating Role of Knowledge Sharing and Work Passion

Organizations face very complex challenges to achieve survival and competitive markets. Therefore, this study mainly aims to examine the impact of transformational leadership on innovative work behavior while considering the mediation role of knowledge sharing as well as work passion in work situations. A total of 201 responses were received from the participants working in stone milling companies in Central Java-Indonesia, and 193 questionnaires were taken into account for the analysis. This study tested the whole model via a path analysis utilizing SmartPLS 3.0. The results indicated that transformational leadership directly did not significantly impact innovative work behavior. However, transformational leadership positively and significantly impacted knowledge sharing and work passion. In addition, knowledge sharing and work passion positively and significantly impacted innovative work behavior. This finding signifies that knowledge sharing and work passion mediated the association between transformational leadership and innovative work behavior.
A Systematic Review of Publications on Perceptions and Management of Chronic Medical Conditions Using Telemedicine Remote Consultations by Primary Healthcare Professionals April 2020 to December 2021 During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Telemedicine technologies allow distribution of health-related services and information and can include electronic and telecommunication technologies, remote patient and clinician contact, referral and prescribing, patient education, and monitoring. This systematic review aimed to evaluate publications on the perceptions and management of chronic medical conditions using telehealth remote consultations by primary healthcare professionals between April 2020 and December 2021 during the COVID-19 pandemic. Electronic databases, including Cinhal, PubMed, Science Direct, and ProQuest were searched to extract qualitative studies relevant to the topic. Inclusion criteria were developed based on the Population, Exposure, and Outcomes scoping framework. The target population was healthcare professionals working in primary care settings. Included studies encompassed various types of telemedicine, such as synchronous telemedicine, video conferencing, telephone conversations, and smart devices. Eight studies were included. Synchronous telemedicine was highly effective in ensuring the continuity of care and treatment, providing patients with convenience, improved access to treatment, and earlier disease management. Video conferencing and telephone consultations were the most common methods used. Challenges included concerns about patient privacy, technology literacy, and acceptance. Telemedicine was commended for its ability to provide access to immediate expert medical advice and eliminate the need for long-distance travel, contributing to increased patient compliance. Synchronous telemedicine is a promising solution for managing chronic conditions during and after the COVID-19 pandemic, offering benefits to patients and healthcare professionals. To maximize its potential, concerns regarding patient privacy, confidentiality, and technology literacy need to be addressed. Proper legislation and regulations are required for long-term success of telemedicine, making it a valuable component of healthcare systems.
EVIDENCE AND METHODS FOR DETERMINING THE SAFETY DISTANCE FROM THE POTENTIAL EARTHQUAKE SURFACE RUPTURE ON ACTIVE FAULT

A large number of observed data about the widths of earthquake surface ruptures produced on diverse types of active faults, as well as the widths of intense deformation zones in trench logs across active faults are presented in this paper. Combining these data with the close relation between the damage zone of surface construction and the spatial position of active fault, the authors propose that a minimum distance (safety distance) of 30m away from active fault is essentially required for constructions to prevent the effect of faulting. The more accurate safety distance required for various types of active faults can be tested and modified through the analysis of the deformation features of strata in trench logs across the fault. The required safety distance in some specific sites, such as the step-overs of active faults, as well as the area defined by sub-parallel secondary faults on both sides, should be the sum of the width of the area and 15m from area boundaries. It is suggested that this "safety distance" should be taken as a legal regulation for constructions and buildings. In addition, further attention should be paid to the identification of active fault and precise determination of the geometric structures of the surface fault strand, so that earthquake hazards can be positively and effectively reduced.
Fischbestände der Ostsee, ihre Entwicklung in den Jahren seit 1970 und Schlussfolgerungen für ihre fischereiliche Nutzung - Teil 1: Dorsch

On the basis of the ”Gdansk Convention on Preservation of Living Resources of the Baltic Sea” the International Baltic Sea Fishery Commission (IBSFC) has been regulating catches of most important fish species in the area since 1974. This article reviews, in a first step for Baltic Sea cod, the development of stocks and fishery since 1970 in the light of respective catch regulations of IBSFC. TACs have been fixed by IBSFC by species for the whole Baltic Sea and resulting quotas have been split according to national and/or international fishery zones from 1975 up to now. The Baltic Sea cod is on biological background treated in scientific stock assessment as two separate stocks. Both stocks, in the western and eastern Baltic Sea, show clearly different developments over the period since 1970. After a short living peak in stock size of the eastern compartment about 20 years ago this stock has been on a very low level since the late 1980’s. During that period with increasing effort big cod catches have been landed. The level of fishing effort is more or less the same still with much lower catches nowadays. A detailed description of development of stock sizes and recruitment is given. The conclusion is that with the present regime of regulation on the basis of one TAC for the total Baltic Sea and with high fishing capacity available for cod it will be impossible to meet the aim of good and stable yields.
A Study On Awareness Levels Of Rural And Urban Consumers About Branded Food Products

The present paper studies the awareness levels of rural and urban consumers about the branded food products because brand awareness is one of the prerequisites for consumers for making buying decisions. The respondents were administered with interview schedule. The schedule consists of questions related to 13 different food products and their available brands. The study reveals that majority of the respondents from both rural and urban area were aware about the food brands like Daawat, India Gate, Aashirvaad, Annapurna,Maggie, Yippie, Five Star, Dairy Milk, Kit – Kat, Britannia 50 – 50, Marie Gold, Achi,MTR, Priya, Freedom, Gold Drop, Gold Winner, Gemini, Taj Mahal, Red Label, Bru, Nescafe, Kissan, Fanta, Real, Jersey, Dodla, Vijaya etc. About 65.8 per cent of the total respondents were having the moderate awareness about the branded food products followed by 21.7 per cent were having low awareness and 12.5 were having the high awareness about different food products.
Simulations and projections of major air pollutants over the United States and uncertainty analyses, effects of natural change and human activities

Changes in global climate and pollutant emissions are very likely to continue in the coming decades driven by the human-related activities and natural fluctuations in the Earth climate system. These potential changes would have very important consequences on regional air quality over the contiguous United States due to their effects on atmospheric chemical and physical processes. To understand these effects, the present studies use the global climate chemistry model, CAM-Chem version 3, to systematically assess potential changes in major air pollutants including surface ozone, particulate matter and mercury from the present (1998–2002) to the 2050 (2048–2052). The projections of future air quality consider changes in global climate, precursor emissions from anthropogenic and biogenic sources, and pollutant transport. Moreover, to evaluate the projection uncertainties resulting from different plausible trends of climate and emissions as a result of unknown human-related activities and climate variations, three IPCC SRES scenarios, A1FI, A1B and B1, are considered and compared to evaluate the resulting uncertainty in projecting future pollutant concentrations. To achieve a better understanding on the effect of mineral dust emissions on changes in future air quality especially the PM concentrations, a physical dust aerosol module is developed and incorporated into the CAM-Chem model. A mercury module is developed for the CAMChem model to simulate the atmospheric cycle of mercury and its consequences on the toxicity of U.S. air quality. For the study of ozone air quality, we focus on the risk of high ozone episodes and the relative contributions from changes in local anthropogenic emissions (LE) versus changes in intercontinental transport (ICT) on 2050 U.S. surface ozone air quality. It is
Leaf area index and forage productivity indicators of Lotus corniculatus L. at different soil moisture contents and seasons of the year

El objetivo del estudio fue evaluar la respuesta del índice de área foliar y productividad forrajera de genotipos del trébol Lotus corniculatus bajo dos contenidos de humedad del suelo en condiciones de malla-sombra. Se usó un diseño experimental de bloques al azar en arreglo de parcelas divididas con tres repeticiones. Las parcelas grandes fueron los contenidos de humedad en el suelo: óptimo (COHS: 26 % ± 1.5) y subóptimo (CSHS: 22 % ± 1.5); y las parcelas chicas las accesiones de L. corniculatus: 255301, 255305, 202700, 226792 y la variedad Estanzuela Ganador. Las variables medidas fueron el índice de área foliar (IAF), producción de biomasa en materia seca (MS) (g planta-1), tasa de incremento de forraje seco (TIFS) (g planta-1 dia-1) y relación hoja/tallo (H/T), más las variables climáticas de temperatura (°C) y humedad relativa (%) en la malla sombra. La accesión 255305 fue la de mejor respuesta en IAF, MS y TIFS, con valores de 3.2, 94.9 g planta-1 y 0.30 g planta-1 d-1, respectivamente, en COHS; en tanto que Estanzuela Ganador tuvo la mejor respuesta en IAF en CSHS. No hubo diferencias (P≤0.05) entre los materiales genéticos evaluados en MS y TIFS con valores promedios de 82.4 g planta-1 y de 0.26 g planta-1 día-1, respectivamente. Las accesiones 255301 y 226792 fueron las de mejor relación H/T con valores de 2.9 y 2.5, respectivamente. En general, el mejor comportamiento productivo en términos de MS se tuvo en primavera, verano, y verano-otoño con valores de 17.5, 11.7 y 17.7 g planta-1, respectivamente.
Implementing lee's model to apply fuzzy time series in forecasting bitcoin price

Over time, cryptocurrencies like Bitcoin have attracted investor's and speculators' interest. Bitcoin's dramatic rise in value in recent years has caught the attention of many who see it as a promising investment asset. After all, Bitcoin investment is inseparable from Bitcoin price volatility that investors must mitigate. This research aims to use Lee's Fuzzy Time Series approach to forecast the price of Bitcoin. A time series analysis method called Lee's Fuzzy Time Series to get around ambiguity and uncertainty in time series data. Ching-Cheng Lee first introduced this approach in his research on time series prediction. This method is a development of several previous fuzzy time series (FTS) models, namely Song and Chissom and Cheng and Chen. According to most previous studies, Lee's model was stated to be able to convey more precise forecasting results than the classic model from the FTS. This study used first and second orders, where researchers obtained error values from the first order of 5.419% and the second order of 4.042%, which means that the forecasting results are excellent. But of both orders, only the first order can be used to predict the next period's Bitcoin price. In the second order, the resulting relations in the next period do not have groups in their fuzzy logical relationship group (FLRG), so they can not predict the price in the next period. This study contributes to considering investors and the general public as a factor in keeping, selling, or purchasing cryptocurrencies.
A Framework for Robust Deep Learning Models Against Adversarial Attacks Based on a Protection Layer Approach

Deep learning (DL) has demonstrated remarkable achievements in various fields. Nevertheless, DL models encounter significant challenges in detecting and defending against adversarial samples (AEs). These AEs are meticulously crafted by adversaries, introducing imperceptible perturbations to clean data to deceive DL models. Consequently, AEs pose potential risks to DL applications. In this paper, we propose an effective framework for enhancing the robustness of DL models against adversarial attacks. The framework leverages convolutional neural networks (CNNs) for feature learning, Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) with softmax for classification, and a defense mechanism to identify and exclude AEs. Evasion attacks are employed to create AEs to evade and mislead the classifier by generating malicious samples during the test phase of DL models i.e., CNN and DNN, using the Fast Gradient Sign Method (FGSM), Basic Iterative Method (BIM), Projected Gradient Descent (PGD), and Square Attack (SA). A protection layer is developed as a detection mechanism placed before the DNN classifier to identify and exclude AEs. The detection mechanism incorporates a machine learning model, which includes one of the following: Fuzzy ARTMAP, Random Forest, K-Nearest Neighbors, XGBoost, or Gradient Boosting Machine. Extensive evaluations are conducted on the MNIST, CIFAR-10, SVHN, and Fashion-MNIST data sets to assess the effectiveness of the proposed framework. The experimental results indicate the framework’s ability to effectively and accurately detect AEs generated by four popular attacking methods, highlighting the potential of our developed framework in enhancing its robustness against AEs.
Medical Students’ Perceptions and Use of Formal and Informal Curriculum Resources

Introduction Resource overload describes the feeling medical students experience in choosing formal (faculty-prescribed) and informal study resources (not faculty-prescribed). This study aims to characterize students’ use and perceptions of formal and informal study resources to inform their use in medical education. Methods This is a mixed-methods study utilizing a convenience sample of first-year medical students enrolled at the University of Central Florida College of Medicine during the academic year 2020-2021. A 40-question, five-point Likert scale, survey based on Keller’s Attention, Relevance, Confidence, and Satisfaction (ARCS) Model of Motivational Design was distributed to medical students during the end of their first year of medical school. Multivariate analysis of variance determined differences between formal and informal resources for each construct. Interviews were also conducted by first-year medical students and analyzed using thematic analysis. Learning logs were completed during the beginning of the medical students' second year to assess daily study habits. Results Fifty-one students completed the survey with a response rate of 42.5%. Informal resources scored higher across all constructs: attention (formal: 3.4±1.2, informal: 4.0±1.1; p<.0125), relevance (formal: 3.8±1.1, informal: 4.3±1.0; p<.0125), confidence (formal: 3.2±1.2, informal: 4.1±1.1; p<.0125), satisfaction (formal: 2.8±1.2, informal: 3.6±1.2; p<.0125) (Likert scale 1-5, Mean±SD). Students found formal resources lacked depth and organization while informal resources allowed for concise understanding with retention cues. Learning log data reported similar use of formal and informal resources during week 1 (88.2% formal vs. 87.8% informal) and week 2 (84.6% formal vs. 82.6% informal). Conclusions Students preferred informal resources based on ARCS constructs. However, the actual usage of formal and informal resources was similar. Formal resources align more with curricular assessments, but informal resources aid student retention and understanding. Therefore, students find both formal and informal resources necessary for success. Faculty should consider integrating informal curriculum resources to optimize student learning.
Zircon and monazite geochronology of deformation in the Pielavesi Shear Zone, Finland: multistage evolution of the Archaean–Proterozoic boundary in the Fennoscandian Shield

The Raahe–Ladoga Shear Complex is a major crustal structure representing the Archaean–Palaeoproterozoic boundary in the Fennoscandian Shield. The complex developed during the Svecofennian Orogeny (c. 1.9 – 1.8 Ga) beginning with regional thrust tectonic phases D1 and D2, followed by large-scale shearing events D3 and D4. The Pielavesi Shear Zone is a vertical north–south-trending shear zone within the Raahe–Ladoga Shear Complex formed during regional D3 shearing and later reactivated during the regional D4 phase. Three north–south-trending elongate granitoid intrusions were selected as representative of silicic melts that intruded the transtensional Pielavesi Shear Zone during the regional D3 phase. The oriented magmatic fabric of the granitoids indicates that they intruded coeval to the deformation event. The zircon U–(Th)–Pb secondary ionization mass spectrometry (SIMS) ages of these intrusions (1888 ± 4, 1884 ± 6 and 1883 ± 5 Ma) overlap within error and provide a direct age for the regional D3 deformation. εHf(T) (−1.1 to +3.4) and εNd(T) (−1.2 to +0.4) values from these granitoids are both consistent with a predominantly juvenile source affected by a minor Archaean component. U–(Th)–Pb SIMS analyses of metamorphic monazite formed within a crosscutting blastomylonite provide an age for the regional D4 phase and associated fluid activity of 1793 ± 3 Ma. Supplementary material: Analytical methods and tabulated analytical data are available at https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare. c.3498501