Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Eccentricity Effect of Deformation Detection for Radial Frequency Patterns With Their Centers at Fixation Point

We measured the eccentricity effect of deformation thresholds of circular contours for two types of the radial frequency (RF) patterns with their centers at the fixation point: constant circular contour frequency (CCF) RF patterns and constant RF magnified (retino-cortical scaling) RF patterns. We varied the eccentricity by changing the mean radius of the RF patterns while keeping the centers of the RF patterns at the fixation point. Our peripheral stimulus presentation was distinguished from previous studies which have simply translated RF patterns at different locations in the visual field. Sensitivity for such shape discrimination fell off as the moderate and high CCF patterns were presented on more eccentric sites but did not as the low CCF patterns. However, sensitivity held constant as the magnified RF patterns were presented on more eccentric sites, indicating that the eccentricity effects observed for the high and moderate CCF patterns were neutralized by retinocortical mapping. Notably, sensitivity for the magnified RF patterns with large radii (4°–16°) presented in the peripheral field revealed a similar RF dependence observed for RF patterns with small radii (0.25°–1.0°) presented at the fovea in previous studies.
Cutaneous adverse‐events in patients treated with Ibrutinib

Ibrutinib is a Burton tyrosine kinase inhibitor (BTKi) approved for the treatment of several hematologic malignancies. Analyze skin adverse events (SAE). All the patients treated with Ibrutinib featuring cutaneous adverse events were selected. Twenty five patients were retrieved with a median interval between Ibrutinib start and SAE time of onset of 120 days. Most common SAE observed involved hairs and nails. Eczematous reaction and leucocytoclastic vasculitis were also detected. One patient had a long‐history Ibrutinib treatment and experienced numerous cutaneous adverse events. Infective disease such as superficial mycosis and impetigo were rarely present in our series. Despite the development of cutaneous SAE, all the patients continued their concomitant drugs without the onset of any further SAE. Our data suggest Ibrutinib‐associated rash should be distinguished in early and late events and a careful dermatologic management of patients should be scheduled.
Concomitant continuous pain in patients with trigeminal neuralgia is associated with trigeminal nerve root atrophy

Introduction Trigeminal neuralgia is an exemplary neuropathic pain condition characterized by paroxysmal electric-shock-like pain. However, up to 50% of patients also experiences concomitant continuous pain. In this neuroimaging study, we aimed to identify the specific anatomical features of trigeminal nerve root in patients with concomitant continuous pain. Methods We enrolled 73 patients with a definitive diagnosis of classical and idiopathic trigeminal neuralgia and 40 healthy participants. The diagnosis of trigeminal neuralgia was independently confirmed by two clinicians. Patients were grouped as patients with purely paroxysmal pain (45 patients) and patients also with concomitant continuous pain (28 patients). All participants underwent a structured clinical examination and a 3T MRI with sequences dedicated to the anatomical study of the trigeminal nerve root, including volumetric study. Images analysis was independently performed by two investigators, blinded to any clinical data. Results In most patients with concomitant continuous pain, this type of pain, described as burning, throbbing or aching, manifested at the disease onset. Demographic and clinical variables did not differ between the two groups of patients; the frequency of neurovascular compression and nerve dislocation were similar. Conversely, trigeminal nerve root atrophy was more severe in patients with concomitant continuous pain than in those with purely paroxysmal pain (p = 0.006). Conclusions Our clinical and neuroimaging study found that in patients with trigeminal neuralgia, concomitant continuous pain was associated with trigeminal nerve root atrophy, therefore suggesting that this type of pain is likely related to axonal loss and abnormal activity in denervated trigeminal second-order neurons.
Reply to: Antidepressants and Fracture Risk: Is There a Real Connection?

1. Tamblyn R, Bates DW, Buckeridge DL, et al. Multinational investigation of fracture risk with antidepressant use by class, drug, and indication. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2020;68(7):1494-1503. https://doi.org/10.1111/jgs.16404 2. Fiske A, Wetherell JL, Gatz M. Depression in older adults. Annu Rev Clin Psychol. 2009;5:363-389. 3. Phelan EA, Mahoney JE, Voit JC, Stevens JA. Assessment and management of fall risk in primary care settings. Med Clin North Am. 2015;99(2): 281-293. 4. By the American Geriatrics Society Beers Criteria Update Expert P. American Geriatrics Society 2019 updated AGS Beers Criteria for potentially inappropriate medication use in older adults. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2019;67(4):674-694. 5. Flores JM, Avila-Quintero VJ, Bloch MH. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor use during pregnancy-associated with but not causative of autism in offspring. JAMA Psychiat. 2019;76(12):1225-1227. https://doi.org/10.1001/ jamapsychiatry.2019. 2193 6. Brannstrom J, Lovheim H, Gustafson Y, Nordstrom P. Association between antidepressant drug use and hip fracture in older people before and after treatment initiation. JAMA Psychiat. 2019;76(2):172-179. 7. Wu Q, Bencaz AF, Hentz JG, Crowell MD. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor treatment and risk of fractures: a meta-analysis of cohort and casecontrol studies. Osteoporos Int. 2012;23(1):365-375. 8. Wu Q, Qu W, Crowell MD, Hentz JG, Frey KA. Tricyclic antidepressant use and risk of fractures: a meta-analysis of cohort and case-control studies. J Bone Miner Res. 2013;28(4):753-763. 9. Schweiger JU, Schweiger U, Huppe M, et al. The use of antidepressive agents and bone mineral density in women: a meta-analysis. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2018;15(7):1373. 10. Michelson D, Stratakis C, Hill L, et al. Bone mineral density in women with depression. N Engl J Med. 1996;335(16):1176-1181.
High-Sensitivity Cardiac Troponin I and T for Cardiovascular Risk Stratification in Adults With Diabetes

New therapeutics for cardiovascular disease (CVD) prevention in diabetes are costly, highlighting the need for better risk stratification so that interventions may be targeted to those at the highest risk. High-sensitivity cardiac troponin I (hs-cTnI) and T (hs-cTnT) are measures of subclinical cardiac damage associated with cardiovascular risk in the general population (1,2). The troponins appear differentially associated with diabetes (3). We assessed whether hs-cTnI or hs-cTnT could improve cardiovascular and mortality risk stratification in adults with diabetes and whether elevated concentrations of either troponin (≥90th percentile) were associated with mortality risk similar to those having a history of clinical CVD. We included 1,704 adults (ages 54–75 years) with diabetes (47.5% of whom were male, 33.8% Black, and 24.4% with CVD) in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study who attended visit 4 (1996–1998). Diabetes status was defined based on self-reported physician diagnosis, medication use, or blood glucose (fasting ≥126 mg/dL; nonfasting ≥200 mg/dL). hs-cTnI was measured in stored plasma using the ARCHITECT STAT High Sensitive Troponin-I assay (Abbott Diagnostics, Chicago, IL). hs-cTnT was measured in stored plasma using the Elecsys Troponin T assay (Roche Diagnostics, Indianapolis, IN). To compare hs-cTnI and hs-cTnT, we used percentile categories among those without CVD: <50th (reference), ≥50th to <75th, 75th to 90th, and ≥90th. We examined incident CVD ( N = 1,280): atherosclerotic CVD (ASCVD) (including myocardial infarction, revascularization procedure, or stroke) and heart failure (based on hospitalization, supplemented with adjudicated events after 2005) (4,5). The last date of follow-up was 31 December 2018 (median follow-up 19 years). We used Cox regression …
Emollient structure and chemical functionality effects on the biomechanical function of human stratum corneum

Cosmetic emollients are widely used in skincare formulations due to their ability to 'soften' the skin and modulate formulation spreadability. Though emollients are commonly used, little is known about their effects on the biomechanical barrier properties of human stratum corneum (SC), which play a critical role in consumer perception of formulation efficacy. Accordingly, our objective was to provide new insights with a study involving fourteen cosmetic emollient molecules with widely varying structures, molecular weights, SC diffusivities, topological polar surface areas (TPSAs), viscosities and chemical functionalities.
Assessing multidimensional sustainability: Lessons from Brazil’s social protection programs

Significance Meeting SDGs requires assessing trade-offs and synergies across divergent goals and robust policy impact evaluation. Using quasi-experimental inference methods, we assess impacts of Brazil’s Zero Hunger (ZH) social protection programs. ZH investment increased per capita calorie and protein productions. Social impacts (multidimensional poverty, child malnutrition, and infant mortality) were more limited, and the direction of change in natural vegetation cover was biome specific. Conditional cash transfer (BF) generated fewer benefits and more trade-offs than agricultural support (PRONAF). Results inform policy development, including roll out of ZH inspired programs in sub-Saharan Africa. We highlight successful elements of social protection programs, synergies, and trade-offs between multiple SDGs including environmental protection. Examining linkages among multiple sustainable development outcomes is key for understanding sustainability transitions. Yet rigorous evidence on social and environmental outcomes of sustainable development policies remains scarce. We conduct a national-level analysis of Brazil’s flagship social protection program, Zero Hunger (ZH), which aims to reduce food insecurity and poverty. Using data from rural municipalities across Brazil and quasi-experimental causal inference techniques, we assess relationships between social protection investment and outcomes related to sustainable development goals (SDGs): "no poverty" (SDG 1), "zero hunger" (SDG 2), and "health and well being" (SDG 3). We also assess potential perverse outcomes arising from agricultural development impacting "climate action" (SDG 13) and "life on land" (SDG 15) via clearance of natural vegetation. Despite increasing daily per capita protein and kilocalorie production, summed ZH investment did not alleviate child malnutrition or infant mortality and negligibly influenced multidimensional poverty. Higher investment increased natural vegetation cover in some biomes but increased losses in the Cerrado and especially the Pampa. Effects varied substantially across subprograms. Conditional cash transfer (Bolsa Familia [BF]) was mainly associated with nonbeneficial impacts but increased protein production and improved educational participation in some states. The National Program to Strengthen Family Farming (PRONAF) was typically associated with increased food production (protein and calories), multidimensional poverty alleviation, and changes in natural vegetation. Our results inform policy development by highlighting successful elements of Brazil’s ZH program, variable outcomes across divergent food security dimensions, and synergies and trade-offs between sustainable development goals, including environmental protection.
[68Ga]Ga-THP-Pam: A Bisphosphonate PET tracer with Facile Radiolabelling and Broad Calcium Mineral Affinity.

Calcium minerals such as hydroxyapatite (HAp) can be detected non-invasively in vivo using nuclear imaging agents such as [18F]NaF (available from cyclotrons), for positron emission tomography (PET) and 99mTc-radiolabelled bisphosphonates (BP; available from 99mTc generators for single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) or scintigraphy). These two types of imaging agents allow detection of bone metastases (based on the presence of HAp) and vascular calcification lesions (that contain HAp and other calcium minerals). With the aim of developing a cyclotron-independent PET radiotracer for these lesions, with broad calcium mineral affinity and simple one-step radiolabelling, we developed [68Ga]Ga-THP-Pam. Radiolabelling with 68Ga is achieved using a mild single-step kit (5 min, room temperature, pH 7) to high radiochemical yield and purity (>95%). NMR studies demonstrate that Ga binds via the THP chelator, leaving the BP free to bind to its biological target. [68Ga]Ga-THP-Pam shows high stability in human serum. The calcium mineral binding of [68Ga]Ga-THP-Pam was compared in vitro to two other 68Ga-BPs which have been successfully evaluated in humans, [68Ga]Ga-NO2APBP and [68Ga]Ga-BPAMD, as well as [18F]NaF. Interestingly, we found that all 68Ga-BPs have a high affinity for a broad range of calcium minerals implicated in vascular calcification disease, while [18F]NaF is selective for HAp. Using healthy young mice as a model of metabolically active growing calcium mineral in vivo, we compared the pharmacokinetics and biodistribution of [68Ga]Ga-THP-Pam with [18F]NaF as well as [68Ga]NO2APBP. These studies revealed that [68Ga]Ga-THP-Pam has high in vivo affinity for bone tissue (high bone/muscle and bone/blood ratios) and fast blood clearance (t1/2 <10 min) comparable to both [68Ga]NO2APBP and [18F]NaF. Overall, [68Ga]Ga-THP-Pam shows high potential for clinical translation as a cyclotron-independent calcium mineral PET radiotracer, with simple and efficient radiochemistry that can be easily implemented in any radiopharmacy.
Interaction of two functional genetic variants LOXL1 rs1048661 and VEGFA rs3025039 on the risk of age-related macular degeneration in Chinese women

Background Cumulative evidence indicates that LOXL1 and VEGF-a play important roles in extracellular matrix formation and angiogenesis, respectively. The disorder of extracellular matrix and angiogenesis are the key factors of pathogenesis of age-related macular degeneration (AMD). We hypothesized that rs1048661 (T>G) in the LOXL1 gene and rs3025039 (C>T) in the VEGFA gene might be associated with risk of AMD. Methods A total of 533 unrelated Chinese subjects, 286 cases (247 with early AMD and 39 with late neovascular AMD) and 247 controls, were included in the study. The gene sequences of LOXL1 rs1048661 and VEGFA rs3025039 were amplified by polymerase chain reaction and genotyped. Interaction between rs1048661 and rs3025039 on AMD risk was also assessed. Results LOXL1 rs1048661 but not VEGFA rs3025039 was associated with a significantly increased risk of AMD. The adjusted odds ratio was 1.6 (95% CI, 1.1–2.5) for rs1048661 TT + GT genotype compared with GG homozygotes in the dominant model analysis. Moreover, there was a significant gene-gene interaction between these two polymorphic loci. In VEGFA rs3025039 CC + CT genotype which indicated sufficient expression of VEGF-a, LOXL1 rs1048661 had odds ratios of 1.7 (95% CI, 1.1–2.7) for early AMD and 3.6 (95% CI, 1.1–12.3) for late neovascular AMD in the dominant model analysis. However, LOXL1 rs1048661 did not confer the risk of AMD in subjects harboring VEGFA rs3025039 TT genotype which indicated decreased expression of VEGF-a. Conclusions Our findings suggest that LOXL1 rs1048661 (T>G) may be involved in the risk of AMD. In addition, LOXL1 rs1048661 and VEGFA rs3025039 interacted to confer the development of AMD, especially for late-stage neovascular AMD. Our data need to be further validated.
Data-Driven Fault Estimation and Control for Unknown Discrete-Time Systems via Multiobjective Optimization Method

This article investigates the fault estimation and control problem for linear discrete-time systems with completely unknown system dynamics. The considered problem is formulated into a multiobjective composite optimization one and a data-driven <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$H_{\infty }/H_{\infty }$ </tex-math></inline-formula> controller is then designed to ensure the fault estimation and control performances. Different from the existing multiobjective optimization strategies, where only one system performance can be optimized, a two-step design method is introduced in this article to optimize different system performances. Especially, each step design contains a novel constraint-type optimization algorithm, and the matrix inequality involved in the constraint condition has no structure restriction. In addition, by applying policy iterations (PIs) and <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$Q$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-learning techniques, the controller parameters are obtained by solving a set of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs) only relying on the system states and inputs. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed approach is illustrated through three examples.
The effects of free choice feeding based on whole triticale on growth, meat quality, car- cass characteristics and gastrointestinal traits in broilers

SUMMARY The effects of free choice feeding (FCF) based on whole triticale on growth, meat quality, carcass characteristics, and digestive functions were investigated. Eight hundred 1 day old Ross 308 broiler chickens were randomly divided into 5 equal groups according to the dietary regimens: birds from the control group were fed with standard diets based on maize and soybean meal whereas in the other groups, free choice of triticale feeding starting since the 1st day (groups 2 and 3) or from the 21st day of age (groups 4 and 5) eventually coupled to dietary xylanase (1 g/kg of food) addition (groups 3 and 5) was also established. The highest body weight and weight gains, the lowest feed consumption and the best food efficiency were observed in the control group. Furthermore, carcass traits, meat quality and digestive functions were not negatively altered by free choice feeding with triticale and/or dietary enzyme inclusion. The results showed that broilers starting FCF at 1 day of age didn’t prefer to eat whole cereal, and that xylanase supplementation had negative effect on growth especially in the starter period (from day 1 to day 21) and suggest that broilers do not select feed to maximize growth when offered free choice.
The Outcome of Prompt Concomitant Single-Dose High-Concentration Intratympanic and Tapered Low-Dose Oral Systemic Corticosteroid Treatment for Sudden Deafness.

OBJECTIVES To investigate the efficacy of prompt concomitant corticosteroid treatment with single application of high-concentration intratympanic (IT) dexamethasone and tapered low-dose systemic methylprednisolone of an idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss (ISSNHL). MATERIALS AND METHODS Between September 2017 and September 2019, 86 adult patients met the criteria for the diagnosis of ISSNHL at baseline evaluation. The patients received immediate concomitant treatment with single high-concentration (24 mg/mL) IT dexamethasone and low-dose (48 mg) oral methylprednisolone for 1 week followed by tapered doses. Improvement in pure-tone average (PTA) and word recognition score (WRS) was determined after 1 and 6 months. RESULTS A total of 63 patients met the requirements for the analysis. PTA improved in 71% and WRS improved in 59% of patients with ISSNHL. PTA and WRS were statistically significantly different at different time points during the intervention (p<0.0005). Hearing improved in all measured frequencies from 125 to 8000 Hz until the second follow-up. In 65.4% of patients with tinnitus, the WRS has improved compared with 27.3% without tinnitus (p<0.05). In 69.2% of patients without vertigo, the WRS has improved compared with 41.7% with vertigo (p<0.05). CONCLUSION Prompt concomitant single high-concentration IT and low-dose systemic corticosteroid treatment is efficient in recovering hearing loss and speech discrimination in ISSNHL. Tinnitus positively predicts hearing outcome. Vertigo negatively predicts speech discrimination recovery.
Movements of barbel, Barbus barbus (Pisces: Cyprinidae)

Altogether 701 adult barbel, Barbus barbus were captured by electrofishing and individually tagged to study their local displacement and movements in a stretch of the River Jihlava (Czech Republic). A total of 149 fish were recaptured and 105 of them (70.47 %) were considered as "resident" because they were always recaptured in the same, relatively restricted (250 - 780 m) stream section, which always contained a pool and was demarcated naturally by riffles on both edges. The remaining 44 recaptured specimens (29.53 %) belonged to the "mobile" part of population, their movements encompassing two (or exceptionally more) adjacent stream sections and at maximum a distance of 1680 m downstream or 2020 m upstream. The proportion of mobile barbel, relatively low in smaller and middle size classes, increased in the largest size classes (451-550 mm of SL). A rather limited extent of movements also suggests a relatively small area of home range in the studied stretch, which nevertheless provides satisfactory resources and favourable conditions required by barbel over their entire life cycle. The extent of movements and corresponding proportion of mobile fish appear to be increasing with diminishing habitat patchiness. In the stretch of River Jihlava studied, with a rich patchy heterogenous habitat and well developed riffle-pool-raceway structure, each section (pool) can be considered as a more or less isolated spatial unit containing its own, and in a certain degree, isolated component of a metapopulation.
Usos de invertebrados na medicina popular no Brasil e suas implicações para conservação

Animais medicinais constituem uma parte integral da Medicina Popular Brasileira tanto em áreas urbanas quanto rurais. Não obstante, embora o uso de animais medicinais represente um importante componente da medicina tradicional tem sido pouco estudado quando comparado às plantas medicinais. O presente trabalho apresenta uma revisão sobre os invertebrados medicinais. Os resultados revelam que pelo menos 81 espécies de invertebrados de cinco grupos taxonômicos diferentes são usados para tratamento de diferentes doenças no Brasil. Os grupos com maior número de espécies foram insetos (n=41 espécies), moluscos (n=17) e crustáceos (n=16). Esses resultados evidenciam a importância dos invertebrados medicinais como alternativa terapěutica. Alguns dos animais medicinais comercializados constam em listas de espécies ameaçadas, evidenciando a necessidade premente de se considerar a zooterapia dentro do contexto da conservação da biodiversidade no Brasil. Ações conservacionistas, não devem ser direcionadas apenas às espécies ameaçadas, mas também a espécies cujo uso seja amplamente disseminado no país. Além dos aspectos biológicos, os fatores econômicos e socioculturais influenciam a relação das pessoas e a utilização de recursos zooterápicos. A necessidade de novos estudos, sobre a fauna medicinal do Brasil é evidente, visando a busca de uma melhor compreensão desta forma de terapia, levando em consideração não só os seus aspectos ecológicos, mas também cultural e farmacológicos.