Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Planning and Organization of the COVID-19 Vaccination Campaign: An Overview of Eight European Countries

The initial progress of the COVID-19 vaccination campaign worldwide depended on several aspects, including programmatic/practical issues. This paper focused on the planning and organization of COVID-19 vaccination campaigns in eight European countries (Sweden, Denmark, Romania, Hungary, Italy, Spain, Germany, and France), from the launch to August 2021. Information on the planning of the vaccination campaign (release and update of a national immunization plan, types of vaccines being used and their limitations/suspensions) and its organization (vaccination target groups, possibility of citizens’ choice, vaccination workforce and settings, vaccines procurement) were obtained through desk research of international and national reports, plans, and websites. Eventually, data on vaccination coverage were drawn from Our world in data and analyzed through join point regression. The eight countries showed differences in groups prioritization, limitations/suspensions of use of specific vaccines, citizens’ possibility to choose vaccines, and vaccination workforce involved. These issues could have contributed to the different progress towards high levels of vaccination coverage. In respect to vaccination coverage, Romania reached much lower levels than other countries. Further comparative research is needed in order to identify best practices in vaccination campaign that could be useful for the next phases of the COVID-19 pandemic, and be better prepared for future potential pandemic.
Asymptotic formula for eigenvalues of simple pendulum problems

Abstract. We consider the nonlinear eigenvalue problem −∆u = λf (u), u > 0 in BR, u = 0 on ∂BR, where BR is a ball with radius R > 0 and λ > 0 is a parameter. Under the appropriate conditions of f , it is known that for a given 0 0 is the smallest zero of f in R+. Furthermore, ue(x) → u0 (x ∈ BR) and λ(e) → ∞ as e → 0. This concept of parametrization of solution pair by a new parameter e is based on the variational structure of the equation. We establish the asymptotic formulas for λ(e) as e → 0 with the ‘optimal’ estimate of the second term.
A Physiological Study to Evaluate Liver Function in Male and Female Patients Infected with COVID-19 Virus in Najaf City

COVID-19 infection usually causes respiratory distress syndrome. Liver impairment has been reported, there is no clear mechanism for liver damage. Liver damage may be due to other factors, such as a viral infection or inflammations in the liver. Lack of information among the residents of the city of Najaf about the differences between males and females infected with the “Corona Virus” disease (“Covid-19”). In this study, we focus on the effects of (“COVID-19”) on liver physiology in 60 (“COVID-19”) patients (20-70 years old). Examinations, taking into account demographic information as well as clinical findings, show that the patient has liver abnormalities. The result indicated increasing of liver enzymes ALT,AST,ALP and TBiL levels on patients with covid-19 Corona Virus.Males patients had a higher risk of liver enzymes level elevation than females. ("TBiL") concentrations were highly increased when compared with control. In critical patients, severe liver cells abnormalities result from ("COVID-19"), which requires follow-up and immediate therapeutic intervention. Because of its strong relationship with the severity of the injury in ("COVID-19"), ALT,AST,ALP, and TBiL it is expected to be of great importance in the future prediction and diagnosis of infection.
THE ABSENCE OF RADIO EMISSION FROM THE GLOBULAR CLUSTER G1

The detections of both X-ray and radio emission from the cluster G1 in M31 have provided strong support for existing dynamical evidence for an intermediate-mass black hole (IMBH) of mass (1.8 ± 0.5) × 104 M☉ at the cluster center. However, given the relatively low significance and astrometric accuracy of the radio detection, and the non-simultaneity of the X-ray and radio measurements, this identification required further confirmation. Here we present deep, high angular resolution, strictly simultaneous X-ray and radio observations of G1. While the X-ray emission (LX = 1.74+0.53−0.44 × 1036 (d/750 kpc)2 erg s−1 in the 0.5–10 keV band) remained fully consistent with previous observations, we detected no radio emission from the cluster center down to a 3σ upper limit of 4.7 μJy beam−1. Our favored explanation for the previous radio detection is flaring activity from a black hole low-mass X-ray binary (LMXB). We performed a new regression of the “Fundamental Plane” of black hole activity, valid for determining black hole mass from radio and X-ray observations of sub-Eddington black holes, finding log MBH = (1.638 ± 0.070)log LR − (1.136 ± 0.077)log LX − (6.863 ± 0.790), with an empirically determined uncertainty of 0.44 dex. This constrains the mass of the X-ray source in G1, if a black hole, to be <9.7 × 103 M☉ at 95% confidence, suggesting that it is a persistent LMXB. This annuls what was previously the most convincing evidence from radiation for an IMBH in the Local Group, though the evidence for an IMBH in G1 from velocity dispersion measurements remains unaffected by these results.
JUPITER WILL BECOME A HOT JUPITER: CONSEQUENCES OF POST-MAIN-SEQUENCE STELLAR EVOLUTION ON GAS GIANT PLANETS

When the Sun ascends the red giant branch (RGB), its luminosity will increase and all the planets will receive much greater irradiation than they do now. Jupiter, in particular, might end up more highly irradiated than the hot Neptune GJ 436b and, hence, could appropriately be termed a “hot Jupiter. ” When their stars go through the RGB or asymptotic giant branch stages, many of the currently known Jupiter-mass planets in several-AU orbits will receive levels of irradiation comparable to the hot Jupiters, which will transiently increase their atmospheric temperatures to ∼1000 K or more. Furthermore, massive planets around post-main-sequence stars could accrete a non-negligible amount of material from the enhanced stellar winds, thereby significantly altering their atmospheric chemistry as well as causing a significant accretion luminosity during the epochs of most intense stellar mass loss. Future generations of infrared observatories might be able to probe the thermal and chemical structure of such hot Jupiters’ atmospheres. Finally, we argue that, unlike their main-sequence analogs (whose zonal winds are thought to be organized in only a few broad, planetary-scale jets), red-giant hot Jupiters should have multiple, narrow jets of zonal winds and efficient day–night redistribution.
CONFIRMATION OF CIRCUMSTELLAR PHOSPHINE

Phosphine (PH3) was tentatively identified a few years ago in the carbon star envelopes IRC +10216 and CRL 2688 from observations of an emission line at 266.9 GHz attributable to the J = 1–0 rotational transition. We report the detection of the J = 2–1 rotational transition of PH3 in IRC +10216 using the HIFI instrument on board Herschel, which definitively confirms the identification of PH3. Radiative transfer calculations indicate that infrared pumping in excited vibrational states plays an important role in the excitation of PH3 in the envelope of IRC +10216, and that the observed lines are consistent with phosphine being formed anywhere between the star and 100 R* from the star, with an abundance of 10−8 relative to H2. The detection of PH3 challenges chemical models, none of which offer a satisfactory formation scenario. Although PH3 holds just 2% of the total available phosphorus in IRC +10216, it is, together with HCP, one of the major gas phase carriers of phosphorus in the inner circumstellar layers, suggesting that it could also be an important phosphorus species in other astronomical environments. This is the first unambiguous detection of PH3 outside the solar system, and is a further step toward a better understanding of the chemistry of phosphorus in space.
Mergerburst transients of brown dwarfs with exoplanets

We explore the properties of an optical transient event formed by the destruction of a planet by a brown dwarf (BD) – a BD–planet mergerburst. When a massive planet approaches a BD towards a merging process it will be tidally destroyed and will form an accretion disc around the BD. The viscosity in the disc sets the characteristic time for the event – several days. We suggest that BD–planet mergerburst events have light curves resembling those of other intermediate luminosity optical transient events, such as V838 Mon, but at shorter time-scales and lower luminosities. With the high percentage coverage of the sky, we expect that such events will be detected in the near future.
Creating an Inclusive and Health Promoting Learning Environment in Primary School

Many students struggle with mental health issues and low motivation in today’s school, and the problems often start as early as primary school. Surveys show that children at the age of ten to twelve struggle with loneliness, sadness, low self-esteem, bullying, stress and physical problems. One of five dread going to school. The current study presents an approach that can be applied to facilitate for making the children themselves engaged in creating a safe, health promoting and inclusive learning environment for everyone in primary school. This approach includes five steps, which are identifying 1) what is important, 2) success factors, 3) obstacles, 4) what needs focus and 5) what specifically can be done to change the situation. The students reflect on these questions individually in writing and through discussions in class. In this way, the children themselves find solutions to obstacles under guidance from an adult. Results on evaluations from four fifth grade groups show that of 58 students, 38 felt the method helped them find out what is important, 31 became motivated, 45 managed to follow their own plans, 31 became better at finding solutions, 44 enjoyed more being together in school and 36 liked using the method. We conclude that children in primary school may be engaged in influencing their learning environment and their own situation in a positive direction when teachers facilitate for this.
Understanding electron behavior in strained graphene as a reciprocal space distortion

The behavior of electrons in strained graphene is usually described using effective pseudomagnetic fields in a Dirac equation. Here we consider the particular case of a spatially constant strain. Our results indicate that lattice corrections are easily understood using a strained reciprocal space, in which the whole energy dispersion is simply shifted and deformed. This leads to a directional dependent Fermi velocity without producing pseudomagnetic fields. The corrections due to atomic wavefunction overlap changes tend to compensate such effects. Also, the analytical expressions for the shift of the Dirac points as well as the corresponding Dirac equation are found. In view of the former results, we discuss the range of applicability of the usual approach of considering pseudomagnetic fields in a Dirac equation derived from the old Dirac points of the unstrained lattice. Such considerations are important if a comparison is desired with experiments or numerical simulations.
From the galleons to the Highlands: slave trade routes in the Spanish Americas

This long-anticipated collection sets the groundwork for the continuing re ﬁ nement of the history of Africans and their descendants in the Atlantic World and more speci ﬁ cally within the Spanish empire. The methodologies and analyses gathered in conversation in From the galleons to the Highlands o ﬀ er a rich example of the power of collaborative historical networks. These authors tackle the historiographies of the Atlantic World, the Transatlantic Slave Trade, and the histories of speci ﬁ c Spanish colonies in America. They skillfully traverse the breadth of Spanish America in time and space to o ﬀ er a compelling framework for under-standing the detailed functioning of the slave trade and its reach into the varied histories of the Spanish colonies. This research highlights the crucial import of evidence-based demo-graphic projections emerging from the often-shifting patterns of trade networks, while sim-ultaneously arguing for the equally signi ﬁ cant relevance of enslaved and free Africans ’ individual and collective experiences in the making of the Spanish colonial world. The volume ’ s successful balance between quantitative and qualitative analysis is unsurpris-ing given the expertise of the three editors and their long experience and commitment to building research tools that ground the study of the Slave Trades solidly in archival evidence. From the galleons to the Highlands reveals the complexity of patterns of the Slave Trade to Spanish America as well as the weight of Spanish involvement in the trade, and the crucial importance the Inter-American slave trade in shaping slave routes. The editors argue that greatest The revised numbers indicate the
Coupled-channel approach to strangeness S =− 2 baryon-bayron interactions in lattice QCD

Coupled-channel approach to strangeness S = −2 baryon–bayron interactions in lattice QCD Kenji Sasaki1,∗, Sinya Aoki1,2, Takumi Doi3, Tetsuo Hatsuda3, Yoichi Ikeda3, Takashi Inoue4, Noriyoshi Ishii5, and Keiko Murano5 (on behalf of the HAL QCD Collaboration) 1Center for Computational Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8577, Japan 2Yukawa Institute for Theoretical Physics, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan 3Theoretical Research Division, Nishina Center, RIKEN, Wako 351-0198, Japan 4Nihon University, College of Bioresource Sciences, Fujisawa 252-0880, Japan 5Research Center for Nuclear Physics (RCNP), Osaka University, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan ∗E-mail: kenjis@het.ph. tsukuba.ac. jp
Exploring Chinese EFL Teachers’ Acceptance of Mobile-Assisted Language Learning (MALL)

Mobile-Assisted Language Learning (MALL) has emerged as an important domain since mobile devices are widely used by the current generation of learners. This study emphasizes that the successful implementation of MALL for language education relies heavily on its acceptance by teachers. This study intends to investigate the acceptance of using MALL for teaching English among college EFL teachers in China. The Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), a frequently used model in technology acceptance studies for m-learning settings, was adopted in this study. A questionnaire survey was administered to collect data on teachers’ demographic information and acceptance of MALL. The respondents were 30 in-service college-level EFL teachers from universities in Yunnan, China, and the data are analyzed using SPSS. Respondents’ MALL acceptance level, their demographic variables associated with intentions to use MALL, and the relationship of Perceived Usefulness (PU), Perceived Ease of Use (PEU) with Behavioral Intention (BI) were investigated. The results suggested that Chinese EFL teachers have a rather high level of MALL acceptance. Their BI to use MALL differs according to the teaching experience. Both PU and PEU significantly influenced BI which further predicted the Actual Use (AU) of MALL. The findings of the study provide insights into the usefulness of TAM in predicting the acceptance of MALL among college EFL instructors and may assist in explaining the factors influencing their intentions to utilize mobile technology for language teaching.
What do Chinese Learners of English Want from a University Writing Centre? A Chinese Tertiary Student’s Views on Writing Centre Peer Tutoring

Tutees are important people in university writing centres, yet their voices, especially what Chinese tutees think about peer writing tutoring, have tended to be largely overlooked in the writing centre scholarship. Adding to this under-researched area, this article reports on an interview with a Chinese tertiary learner of English who shared her views on writing centre peer tutoring. Through thematic content analysis, three core themes were identified: writing centre peer tutoring as an activity for the give-and-take of formative feedback on writing, the tutee’s desire for professional directive guidance, and her perceived role of agenda-setting in ensuring tutoring quality. The implication for writing centre peer tutoring is that tutees may have their idiosyncratic preferences for tutoring strategies which may or may not align with the recommendations in writing centre handbooks and the general literature on teaching and learning. It is hoped that this article will stimulate future scholarly work on tutees’ expectations and perspectives on peer writing tutoring, which can inform writing centre training and tutoring. Keywords: EFL writers, peer-tutoring, student perceptions, tutorial success, writing centre
Organic-walled tentaculids of Late Devonian (Frasnian) deposits of the Appalachian and Michigan Basins, Laurussia (NY, MI, OH)

This is the first report of organic-walled tentaculid remains from Givetian through Frasnian age deposits of the Michigan and Appalachian Basins in western Laurussia. This adds to the geographic scope of similar finds that have been described from the Frasnian through the Famennian in eastern Laurussia. However, those previous specimens were retrieved through palynological preparations and more closely resemble sheath structures rather than the full forms found herein, which were retrieved through complete maceration with ammonium surfactants.
Challenges in Promoting Positive Youth Development through Sport

Following previous calls regarding the importance of using sport as a platform for promoting youth psychosocial development and mental health, this case study aimed to understand the challenges faced by coaches and technical directors in the face of their individual efforts to infuse a positive youth development focus into a nationwide youth sports program in Brazil. After conducting semi-structured interviews, we conducted an inductive−deductive thematic analysis. High-order themes were organized according to the dimensions of the Framework for Planning Youth Sport Programs That Foster Psychosocial Development. The challenges faced appear to be interconnected. Since the program’s goals are not evident to the stakeholders, parents seemed not to support the absence of participation in competitive events. The lack of a structured methodology for implementing the program hinders coaches from planning and delivering practices by concurrently integrating sport skills and life skills development. Furthermore, the program presents difficulties in ensuring its effectiveness through assessment processes.
Amplitude/Higgs Modes in Condensed Matter Physics

The order parameter and its variations in space and time in many different states in condensed matter physics at low temperatures are described by the complex function Ψ(r, t). These states include superfluids, superconductors, and a subclass of antiferromagnets and charge density waves. The collective fluctuations in the ordered state may then be categorized as oscillations of phase and amplitude of Ψ(r, t). The phase oscillations are the Goldstone modes of the broken continuous symmetry. The amplitude modes, even at long wavelengths, are well defined and are decoupled from the phase oscillations only near particle-hole symmetry, where the equations of motion have an effective Lorentz symmetry, as in particle physics and if there are no significant avenues for decay into other excitations. They bear close correspondence with the so-called Higgs modes in particle physics, whose prediction and discovery are very important for the standard model of particle physics. In this review, we discuss the theory and.
Three thermodynamically-based parameterizations of the deceleration parameter

We propose, and constrain with the latest observational data, three model-independent parametrizations of the cosmic deceleration parameter $q(z)$. They are well behaved and stay finite at all redshifts. We construct them by fixing the value of $q$ at high redshift, $q(z \gg 1) = 1/2$ (as demanded by cosmic structure formation), and at the far future, $q(z = -1) = -1$, and smoothly interpolating $q(z)$ between them. The fixed point at $z = -1$ is not arbitrarily chosen; it readily follows from the second law of thermodynamics. This fairly reduces the ample latitude in parameterizing $q(z)$.
Bone density loss following ankle fusion persists at long-term follow-up

Introduction: The aim of ankle fusion is to create a stable and pain-free hind foot. A decrease in bone density secondary to postoperative immobilization is well established. It is commonly accepted that bone density is restored toward normal values when normal weight bearing is permitted. To the current authors' knowledge, this restoration of bone density has not been definitively established via clinical studies. Subjects and Methods: Patients who underwent an isolated ankle fusion between January 1998 and March 2015, to address advanced degenerative or posttraumatic osteoarthrosis or rheumatoid arthritis were included. Clinical and radiological examination, Foot Function Index (FFI), and American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society-Score (AOFAS) scoring systems were utilized. Pain intensity was calculated using the Visual analogue scale (VAS). We use semiquantitative ultrasound osteodensitometry to measure bone density. Results: Bone density was determined in 60 patients, at an average follow-up of 9 years following ankle fusion. The mean T-score for bone density of the calcaneus was significantly lower in the treated foot compared to the contralateral side (−1.4 vs.−0.4; P = 0.001). With the numbers available, a reduction in bone density was found without a significant difference in the AOFAS score (P = 0.875), FFI (P = 0.655), VAS (P = 0.804), and body mass index (P = 0.272). Seven (12%) developed a nonunion. Conclusions: These results demonstrate that a reduction in bone density as a consequence of immobilization while bone union was achieved did not completely return to baseline values even at 10 years postoperative. This persistent reduction in bone density does not correlate in a statistically significant way with higher pain scores, inferior AOFAS scores or nonunion rates. Postoperative partial weight bearing should be instigated as soon as possible to minimize bone loss.
Wavelength Dependence of Solar Rotation and Solar Cycle UV Irradiance Variations

It is shown that for the 5-year period 1982 to 1987 the solar irradiance decrease is estimated to be about 5 to 7 percent over the spectral interval 195 to 225 nm. This change becomes progressively smaller with increasing wavelength. For the 2-1/3 year period, January 1987 to April 1989, the irradiance increases about 6 percent at 195 to 205 nm and about 2 percent between 215 to 250 nm. Both 27-day and 13.5-day relative amplitudes peak at the time near solar maximum (1982) but remain comparatively small between 1983 and the onset of solar cycle 22. An average 280 day oscillation is noted for wavelengths up to 230 nm. No physical mechanism is offered for this variation.