Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Public Health Fellowship Program for Laboratory Leaders in Uganda; a Golden Opportunity to Advance Public Health Service

Background: Seasonal malaria chemoprevention (SMC) refers to monthly administration of full treatment courses of antimalarial medicine to children <5 years during high malaria transmission season. SMC has demonstrated effectiveness in Sahel and sub-Sahel countries in Africa but had never been implemented in Uganda until April 2021, when Uganda began SMC in Kotido and Moroto Districts. We assessed the effect of SMC on malaria incidence among children <5 years of age in Kotido and Moroto Districts. Methods: We conducted an interrupted time-series analysis using monthly national health data from the Uganda Ministry of Health District Health Information System-2. We extracted monthly data of outpatient (uncomplicated) malaria among children <5 years, 52 months before SMC (Jan 2017-Apr 2021), and 8 months during SMC implementation (May-Dec 2021). We computed monthly incidence per 1,000 children <5 years. We checked for seasonality, and stationarity in the data. We evaluated the incidence of uncomplicated malaria among children <5 years before and during SMC implementation. Results: In Kotido District, malaria incidence was 693/1,000 during SMC implementation period, compared to an expected 1,216/1,000 if SMC the case-patients hemoglobin to the non-patients of case and non-cases-patients B, syphilis, stool, and blood identified any in both case-patients and of non-case-patients
Predictions and Field Measurements of the GPS Block IIR L1 and L2 Ground Powers

Stanford Research Institute (SRI) International located in Menlo Park, California measures the GPS Block IIR L1 and L2 downlink signal powers. When the IIR satellite is visible from SRI, the L1 and L2 signals ground-level measurements are made using a 150-foot right hand circular polarized antenna referenced to a calibrated radioemitting star. The ground power measurements are provided as functions of elevation angle, rising or setting pass, and date of measurement. Lockheed-Martin (LM)/ITT, the Block IIR satellite manufacturer, routinely recorded on-orbit measurements of the L1 and L2 input powers to the antenna subsystem and transmit them during state-of-health contact through S-band downlink telemetry. LM also measured the L-band antenna pattern in an antenna test range. The antenna pattern is a function of off-nadir or ground elevation angle and azimuth angle. The antenna pattern can be characterized as a function of elevation angle by its mean, minimum and maximum gains. The predicted Block IIR L1 and L2 ground powers are based on the link budget incorporating (1) onorbit measure L1 and L1 input powers to the antenna subsystem, (2) factory measured L1 and L2 antenna patterns, (3) computed path loss, (4) computed atmospheric loss, (5) estimated polarization loss. This paper will compare the predicted and measured L1 and L2 ground powers for the six operational IIR satellites as a function of earth elevation angle and it will be shown that they are highly correlated.
Measuring Technical Efficiency and Determining the Factors Affecting the Inefficiency of Wheat Farmers in Iraq (Diyala Governorate as an Applied Model) for the Season 2021

The study aimed to estimate the technical efficiency and the factors affecting the inefficiency of wheat production farms. The Pareto curve was used to determine the importance of the problems facing farmers in the production process ‘the actual and potential production and the number of production losses in the study area were also calculated. A random sample of 100 wheat farmers was taken in Diyala Governorate including five districts The Stochastic Frontier Analysis was estimated using the Maximum Likelihood method. The results indicated that wheat production in Diyala Governorate is affected by the explanatory variables (seeds, compound fertilizers, urea fertilizers, pesticides, mechanical work, and human work). The total elasticity of the productive factors was 0.845, which implies that the farmers carry out their agricultural operations when there is a decreasing return to scale. The value of γ was 84%, which means that about 84% of the variances in inefficiency were due to factors under the control of the farmers. The technical efficiency ranged between (77.41 – 86.91%). The total actual production was 2,3049.955 tons, while the potential production was 2,754.865 tons. Thus, the production loss was 2744.865 tons. It can be concluded that farmers use resources in a different way and that they work in nonhomogeneous conditions. The study recommends following scientific methods in farm management and redistributing the economic resources to ensure the achievement of the same level of production or higher in light of reducing costs
First High-resolution Observations of Interstellar Pickup Ion Mediated Shocks in the Outer Heliosphere

This study reports the first high-time-resolution observations of interstellar pickup ions (PUIs) in the outer heliosphere, including the first high-resolution observations of PUIs mediating shocks collected anywhere. These new data were enabled by a clever flight software reprogramming of the Solar Wind Around Pluto (SWAP) instrument on New Horizons to provide ∼30 minutes resolution as compared to the previous ∼24 hr time resolution. This time resolution is sufficient to resolve the shock structures and quantify the particle heating across these shocks. In the ∼10 months of initial data, we observed seven relatively small shocks, including one reverse shock. We find that the PUIs are preferentially compressed and heated across the shocks, indicating compression ratios from ∼1.2–1.8, with little heating for values less than ∼1.5 and progressively more PUI heating for larger compression ratios. In contrast, core solar wind properties did not show consistent changes across the shocks, indicating that these particles (1) participate little in the large-scale fluid-like interactions of the outer heliosphere’s combined solar wind and PUI plasma and (2) cannot be used to characterize PUI-mediated shocks as prior studies sought to do. All six forward shock crossings showed gradual increases in PUI pressure over shock widths of ∼0.05–0.13 au, which is roughly three decades larger than characteristic particle scales such as the PUI gyroradii. The new high-resolution observations and results described here are important for understanding shocks in the outer heliosphere, the termination shock, and more broadly for PUI-mediated shocks across many astrophysical systems.
Use of Ultrasound Treatment to Improve Oil Extraction From Sunflower

The current study aimed to improve the extraction of sunflower oil by exposing the oil to an ultrasonic treatment at a frequency of 20 Hz for different (0,5,10,15)minute, then extracting the oil using hexane. It was noted through the results obtained in the study that there is a significant increase in the extraction rate, it was found that the highest extraction rate was (68.96%) at time (10min) and the lowest was (22.50%) at time (0). The physicochemical properties of sunflower oil were studied, the results showed there was a noticeable improvement in those physicochemical properties of sunflower oil, the density was also studied, the highest percentage was (0.926kg/cm3) at time (15), and the lowest percentage (0.918kg/cm3) at time (0). The highest percentage of viscosity was (65c.p) at time (15) while the lowest viscosity (57.5c.p) recorded at time (0). In the study of refractive index, the results showed the highest refractive index was 1.480 at time (15) and the lowest index was (1.476) at time (0), the results also showed the highest percentage of the acidity was (0.85 mg/koh/g) at time (0) while the lowest acidity reached to (0.635mg/koh/g) at (15). The highest percentage of iodine number was (122.4) at time (0) and the lowest percentage 101.8 at time (15). Similarly, the results showed the highest percentage of peroxide number was (3.53mg/koh/g) at time (0) and the lowest percentage (2.58mg/koh/g) at time (15). The highest percentage of saponification number was (199mg/koh/g) at the time (15) and the lowest percentage (188.5mg/koh/g) at the time (0). The fatty acids of the oil exposed to ultrasound and extracted with the hexane were also studied, and the results showed an improvement in some fatty acids, the highest percentage of palmitic acid reached (5.93%) at time (15) and the lowest (4.90%) at time (0). Similarly, the highest percentage of oleic acid reached (19.07%) at time (15) and the lowest percentage was (18.26%) at time (0), while linoleic acid reached the highest percentage (46.91%) at time (15) and the lowest percentage (45.52%) at time (0), and similarly the highest percentage of stearic acid reached (4.59%) at time (15) and the lowest percentage (3.44%) at time (0), the highest percentage of linolenic acid was (0.58%) at time (15) and the lowest percentage (0.39%) at time (0).
Gamma Rays Impacts in Qualitative Traits of Camel Meat in Different Area - Iraq

With the aim of studying the effect of gamma rays on chemical and sensory properties in camel meat in Iraq, camel meat was exposed to doses: 0, 3, 5 and 7 kg of gamma radiation released by the radioactive isotope Cobalt 60. The basic ingredients of camel meat were estimated after direct irradiation. The sensory evaluation of the camel meat was carried out after it was cooked well in the pan, so that the X-treated samples were compared with the control group samples. The chemical properties of treated and untreated samples were assessed immediately after irradiation and 2, 4 and 6 weeks after the start of storage. No moral effect of irradiation was observed in the ratio of moisture, crude protein, and fat and pH value and quantity of Thiobarbituric acid (TBA) value while the moral effect of irradiation was recorded in both the rate of volatile nitrous bases VBN and peroxide values, where the amount of VBN in camel meat increased after irradiation, and the peroxide values decreased as a result of radiation treatment. The results of the sensory estimation showed no significant differences between processed or untreated camel meat.
Impact of T. harzianum and G. mosseae Inoculum and Phosphate Rocks on the NPK Content in Barley Crop (Hordium Valgari L.)

The effect of fungal fertilizers with isolates of T. harzianum and G. mosseae and levels of phosphate rock on NPK content in the barley plant was investigated. A field trial was conducted on clay loamy soil to produce a variety of barley crops named (Samir 1) during the autumn agricultural season in 2021 in the Al-Qadisiyah Governorate. The factorial experiment was designed according to a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. The factors of the experiment included two levels of T. harzianum inoculum (T0, control and T1, fungal inoculation), two levels of G. mosseae inoculum (G0, control and G1 fungal inoculation), and four levels of phosphate rock (P0, P1, P2, and P3) with an amount (0,1000,1500, and 2000) t/ha-1. The results present that the interaction treatment (G. mosseae + T. harzianum and phosphate rock of 1000 t/ha-1) resulted in a significant increase in the content of nitrogen, phosphate, and potassium (NPK) in the plant 1.977, 0.437, and 2.603 %, respectively, compared to the control.
The Influence of Fenugreek Seeds Gum on Quality of Pan Bread During Storage

This search was conducted to extract the gum from fenugreek seed and studying the effects on bread staling, and its application a gum in controlling bread staling by replacing 0.5,0.75. 1.1.5 and 2% wheat flour. Bread staling was measured under different storage conditions,. loaves were stored in polyethylene bag for 1,5and 7 days and temperature 25-30,4 and 18- C°, two techniques were used to study bread staling such Differential Scanning Calorimetry and Scanning Electron Microscopic, the moisture concent in the crumb and the crust range between1.5 – 2.66, 1.99 – 3% and 1.9 – 3.88% and 0.45 – 0.27, 0.3 – 0.21,1.90 - 1.9 % at concentrations 1.5 and 2%, the result of Swelling Power and volume of sediment showed range between 7 – 9, 8 – 9.66, 4 – 5.88% and 41 – 45.44, 46 – 50, 47 – 50.88 ml respectively, the test of pH showed between 6.2 – 6, 6.4 – 6.48 and 6.1 – 6.4 respectively, two methods were used to determine bread staling, the values of Electrical conductivity and Turbidity showed range between 3 – 4.11, 4 – 5, 3.57 – 4.5 cm /mm respectively and 11 – 13.99, 19 – 23.01, 29.55 – 34.44 NTU respectively, the results of DSC showed that the highest enthalpy of retrogradation showed range between 57.98 - 75.69, 41.86 -54.12 respectively and 27.67 - 38.91 J/g respectively was found in control sample compared to bread containing Fenugreek seeds gum 26.24 – 28.14, 26.78 - 29.41 and 13.30 -15.90 J/g respectively after 1and 7 days of storage at different temperature storage. , The microstructure of the bread was tested by Scanning Electron Microscopic, the result indicated that bread containing Fenugreek seeds gum had lower staling compared to control sample due to able to retain moisture in the bread crumb. Therefore, the present research, gum addition reduces retro gradation of starch and improved the microstructure crumb during storage.
The Nano Silver Molecules Enhancing the Trinitrotoluene Phytoremediation Using Potato Crop

Phytoremediation represents a great technique that uses green plants in the partial analysis of explosive compounds existing in soil via a variety of biochemical properties in plants to help manipulate contamination. The study was done to determine the effect of using nanosilver molecules and toluene concentrations for botanic manipulation and how to influence physiological growth characters of potato. A field experiment was done in the woody roof shade of Gardening and Farming Dept., Agriculture College, University of Anbar for the spring season 2021 on potato crop, and the study included the botanic manipulation review in different levels of trinitrotoluene and different concentrations of nanosilver molecules on some physiological properties, using simple experiments (mixes of TNT and nanosilver molecules) within the randomized complete block design in three replications as 30 experimental units. results revealed that 500 mg TNT kg-1 soil + 500 mg NPs kg-1 dominated in total nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium percentage in averages 1.92%, 0.58%, 1.85% successively, compared with the control treatment which was noticed in in chlorophyll A, B and total chlorophyll estimation, that successively scored (45.76, 27.13, 87.50 mg/100g) to the scores of control treatment (35.70, 20.83, 71.50 mg/100g). from the study, we conclude that the treatment at level (500*500 TNT-NPS) has a positive effect on physiological properties of the studied potato.
Studying Some Technical Indicators of the Local Manufactured Machine and Its Effect on the Wheat Crop “Tamuz cultivar”

The effect of compound machine on wheat "Tamuz cultivar" was studied based on some technical indicators which were tested under three practical speed (PS) of 2.015, 3.143, and 4.216 km.hr-1 and three tillage depth (TD) of 11, 13, and 15cm. The split-split plot arrangement in RCBD with three replications was used. The results showed that the PS of 2.015km.hr-1 was major best than other two speed in all studied conditions, physical properties (SBD and TSP), mechanical parameters (FD, (DP and LAS), and yield and growth parameters (PVI, BY and HI). The TD of 11cm was major effect to the other two levels TD of 13 and TD of 15cm in all studied conditions. All interactions were significant, the best interaction was between the first speed 2.015 km.hr-1 and TD of 11cm for all studied properties.
The Productive Performance of Three Lines of Laying Hens and Their Crosses During Three Life Stages

This study aimed to compare the productive performance of two local lines chickens (brown and black-feathered chickens) and laying brown Lohman strain and cross-breeding between them for the period from one day to six months old. The birds were divided into seven treatments and the study was on three life stages, the first of (day-8) weeks of age, the second (9-16) weeks and the third (17-24) weeks for the following traits: live body weight, weight gain, feed consumption, feed conversion ratio, and sex maturity, weight of the first egg weight, sexual maturity age, egg production HD%, egg mass, average egg weight for the seven groups. The results showed that there were significant superiority (P<0.05) in the most productive performance for the four ceosses hybrids compared to the pure lines. and it was noted that there was a significant positive correlation coefficient between the weight of The body at the age of six months and the weight of the first egg (0.80), the average egg weight of (0.79) and the weight of the first egg and the average egg production was (0.72) and The average weight of eggs and egg production (0.61).
Effect of Foliar Fertilization with Zinc and Plant Density on Some Characteristics of Vegetative Growth and Yield of Two Cultivars of Faba Bean Vicia faba L.

A factorial experiment was carried out according to the randomized complete block design (RCBD) with the split-split-plot arrangement with three replications during the season of 2020-2021 at the Research Station of the College of Agriculture, University of Diyala to study the effect of three factors are the cultivar (Aguadulce and Histal), the plant density (55555 plants. h-1 and 111111 plants. h-1), and the foliar spraying with a zinc fertilizer (0.5,1 and 1.5 g.l-1) on the vegetative growth of the faba bean. The results showed that Aguadulce cultivar was superior in plant height (152.80 cm) and Histal cultivar was distinguished in pod length (21.87 cm), while there were no significant differences between cultivars in the stems number, pods number, total yield and number of seeds per pod. The grown plants on low density (55555 plants. h-1) was superior in the stems number (14.20 stems. plant -1), the pods number (29.23 pods. plant -1), the pods length (21.74 cm) and the seeds number per pod (5,191 seeds. pod-1), while the grown plants on the high density (111111 plants. ha-1) was superior in plant height (147.10 cm) and the total yield (107.63 tons.ha-1). The fertilized plants at a concentration of 1.5 g. l-1 was significantly superior in the plant height (152.80 cm), stems number (14.40 seed. pod-1), number of pods per plant (34.52 seed. pod-1), number of seeds per pod (6.20 seed. pod-1) and pod length. (22.84 cm) and the green yield (144.17 tons. h-1). As for the triple interaction, the plants of Histal cultivar that planted on low density and treated with a concentration of 1.5 g. l-1 of zinc fertilizer was superior in the number of stems, number of pods, length of pod and number of seeds per pod, while the plants of the same cultivar that planted on high density and fertilized at a concentration of 1.5 g. l-1 was superior in plant length and the total yield.
Genetic Variability of Some Tomato Yellow Leaf Curl Virus Isolates and the Effect of the Virus on the Tomato (Solanum lycopersicom L.) Plant Content of Some Mineral Elements

This study was conducted to isolate and identify three isolates of Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV), infecting tomato, using polymerase chain reaction technology (PCR) and determining the nucleotide sequences produced by PCR- amplified products to determine the genetic similarity and differences amongst the virus isolates. It also aimed to analyze the plant content of mineral elements: magnesium, calcium, sodium, and potassium to determine the effect of the virus on the plant content of these elements. The laboratory experiments mentioned in this study were carried out in the Plant Virology Laboratory of the Plant Protection Department at the College of Agriculture/ Karbala University. Analysis of the mineral elements was carried out in the Soil Laboratory, College of Agriculture/ University of Kufa. A greenhouse experiment was also carried out to investigate the response of some tomato genotypes against TYLCV during the agricultural season 2018-2019. Results of PCR amplification by the CP-F and CP-R primer pair revealed the possibility of amplifying a 789bp product from each TYLCV isolate isolated from some farms located in some desert areas in Najaf and Karbala governorates. Analysis of the sequences resulting from the PCR-amplified products obtained from the viral isolates (5, 8, and 10) by BLAST Basic Local Alignment Search Tool (BLAST) indicated that all these viral isolates diagnosed in this study belong to TYLCV. TYLCV isolates 5 and 8 obtained from Najaf province had a 100% similarity in the sequences of PCR-amplified products amplified from the TYLCV coat protein. These isolates gave a difference (96%) in the coat protein nucleotide sequence of the virus isolate 10. Furthermore, analysis of some mineral elements in plants infected with TYLCV showed a decrease in the concentrations of magnesium and calcium and an increase in the concentrations of elements sodium and potassium with a significant difference from their normal concentrations in the non-infected plants.
Simulation Study of Plasma Emission in Beam-Plasma Interactions

A two-dimensional electromagnetic particle-in-cell simulation of the beam-plasma interaction process is carried out to study the electromagnetic radiation at the plasma frequency and its second harmonic. In the simulation, a homogeneous plasma background with a periodic boundary condition is assumed. Electromagnetic radiation at the plasma frequency and its higher harmonics are widely believed to be responsible for solar type-II and type-III radio bursts. Traditional theory based upon weak turbulence of three-wave and nonlinear wave-particle interaction processes predicts radiation emission primarily at the fundamental and second harmonic of the plasma frequency. Electrostatic modes and electromagnetic radiation corresponding to this expectation at the fundamental and the second harmonics plasma frequencies are found. The radiation patterns of the fundamental and second harmonic electromagnetic modes are examined in detail.
Compact manifolds of nonpositive curvature

Let M be a compact C°° riemannian manifold of nonpositive curvature and with fundamental group π. It is well known [8, p. 102] that M is a K(π, 1) and thus completely determined up to homotopy type by π. In light of this fact it is natural to ask to what extent the riemannian structure of M is determined by the structure of π , and the intent of this paper is to demonstrate that rather strong implications of this sort exist. In the case that M has strictly negative curvature, the group π is known to be highly noncommutative. Every abelian, in fact, every solvable, subgroup of π is cyclic [3]. It is therefore a plausible conjecture that in the nonpositive curvature case, π will possess large amounts of commutativity only under special geometric circumstances. We shall show that this is true, that indeed those properties of π which involve commutativity have a dramatic reflection in the riemannian structure of M. Our first theorem concerns abelian subgroups of π, which, since no element of π has finite order [8, p. 103], must be torsion free. As remarked above, when M is negatively curved, every abelian subgroup has rank one. However, when the curvature of M is simply nonpositive, we prove the following. The flat torus theorem. There exists an abelian subgroup of rank k in π if and only if there exists a flat k-torus isometrically and totally geodesically immersed in M. The second theorem concerns the case where π is a product of groups. In particular, we shall prove: The splitting theorem. Let M be real analytic and assume that π has no center. If π can be expressed as a direct product of groups π = srfι X X s/N, then M is isometric to a riemannian product M = Mλ X X MN, where πι(Mk) = ^kfork= 1, . , N . It is shown in § 4 that in the case that π has a nontrivial center, the splitting theorem, as stated, is not true. However, by a slight weakening of the conclusion, one can obtain a similar theorem for the general case. As one may by now suspect, the appearance of a nontrivial center in π must