Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
eview rassicaceae germplasm diversity for agronomic and seed quality raits under drought stress

Brassica juncea, Brassica carinata and Camelina sativa have previously shown potential as oilseed crops in semi-arid climates. However, there is limited information on variation of agriculturally important traits under water stress. This study screened 94 accessions of B. juncea, 30 accessions of B. carinata and 81 accessions of C. sativa under dryland and fully irrigated conditions in eastern Colorado to evaluate responses to drought stress within and among species. B. carinata had the greatest phenotypic variability. It had the largest average thousand-seed-weight (TSW), though with a 10-day longer life cycle than the other species, it also suffered the most from summer heat stress during seed filling. Earlier-flowering accessions among the three species were more adapted to dryland conditions. B. carinata and B. juncea were both twice as tall as C. sativa and produced significantly higher biomass though they yielded less under dryland conditions, 711 kg ha−1, 933 kg ha−1, and 1383 kg ha−1, respectively. C. sativa showed better adaptation to semi-arid environments, likely due to its shorter stature, higher harvest index, and resistance to flea beetles. We measured seed-oil fatty acid profiles in response to water stress, finding a significant decrease in linolenic acid content under dryland conditions. C. sativa had the highest levels of linolenic acid, averaging 30% of seed-oil fatty acid. B. carinata had the highest levels of erucic acid with 42% on average. B. juncea accessions showed a large range of oil profiles, related to their geographical origin. Oil profile characteristics such as high linolenic acid were correlated with fitness traits such as height and biomass. Oil profile traits could play an important future role in plant breeding, especially under dryland conditions. This work highlights traits where breeding efforts can utilize existing germplasm diversity such as flowering time, yield components, oil quality, and flea beetle susceptibility to improve cultivar adaptability to semi-arid environments. © 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Alcian dyes in calcium chloride: a routine selective method to demonstrate mucins.

One of the simplest procedures to demonstrate mucinous substances (acid mucopolysaccharides) in routine histological preparations involves the use of Alcian dyes. Methods involving these dyes have largely. replaced the older, more empirical mucicarmine technique arid are faster and less complicated than the colloidal iron method of Hale,1 which suffers from the possibility of false-positive staining due to the presence of intrinsic iron in tissues. The usefulness of the Alcian dye methods for diagnostic purposes has been extended by combination with other procedures. Mowry8 used Alcian blue-periodic-acid-Schiff method to demonstrate the acidic groups and the 1,2 glycols of mucopolysaccharides. Putt and Hukill'. found Alcian greenVerhoeff's elastic stain useful, for the histologic: diagnosis of lung carcinomas. Alcian blue 8GS, introduced by Steedmand it a water soluble, copper phthalocyanine dye, which is closely related to the alcohol soluble Mona§stral fast blue. Since Alcian blue 8GS is no longer commercially available, it has been replaced by Alcian blue 8GX (C.I. No. 74240), a purer and more soluble dye. The original reaction for demonstrating mucins was of necessity very short: if prolonged, other tissue elements took up the stain. This was presumably due . to both strong and weak acid groups in tissue, the former responsible for the fast reaction. In order to overcome this problem, Vailli oxidized sectioned tissues in chromic acid, which limited the staining reaction to the strong acidic groups of mucopolysaccharides. Mowry' and Lison8 further modified the staining procedure by acidifying the dye solution with acetic acid, which permitted a longer and more precise stain with minimal background coloration due to the fact that the low pH allowed only the utilization of strong acid esters. The slight nuclear or connective tissue staining that sometimes occurs with Alcian dyes can be overlaid and minimized with a counterstain. The purpose of this paper is to introduce a method of preparing Alcian dye solutions by the substitution of calcium chloride (CaCI2.2H2O) in place of acetic acid. This replacement results in a solution with a pH of 2.8 which is well within the limits of acidity of the solutions used by Mowry and Lison. The present selective use of Alcian dyes for mucin in a calcium salt solution was first observed inadvertently while carrying out Attwood's differential
A New Probability based Analysis for Recognition of Unwanted Emails

Electronic mail is used as a mean for personal and business communication. The volume of unwanted messages or mails that are received is growing as well. Cost of sending this type of Email is very low for sender, so several people and companies use it to quickly distribute unsolicited bulk messages, also called spam, to a large number of recipients. The reasons for sending spam vary and may include marketing of products and services. Moreover, many people uses spam as a medium for attacks and distributing harmful content such as viruses, trojan horses, worms and other malware. Spam has become a major threat for business users, network administrators and even ordinary users. In addition to regulations, several technical solutions including commercial and open source products have been proposed and deployed to block this problem. In this work proposed and implement mechanism for block spam mails by implementing anti spam filters at the network gateway.
Automatic context data life cycle management framework

Context data management is a challenging task in context aware application development. Highly dynamic data coming from distributed providers has to be acquired, processed, managed and stored in order to provide applications with real time up to date context data. A lot of work has been done in the area of Contextual Computing, proposing several architectures and frameworks. However, none of them offers automations to manage context data life cycle, having to manage it programmatically. This paper presents ezContext, a framework that provides an automatic context data life cycle management that reduces boilerplate lines of code and facilitates application development. The framework also has functionalities to perform all the tasks involved in the development stage of such systems, offering an application programming interface, visual debugging tools and mobility support. In order to validate the framework a contextual service use case has been successfully implemented and discussed.
A Combinatorial Optimisation Approach to Designing Dual-Parented Long-Reach Passive Optical Networks

We present an application focused on the design of resilient long-reach passive optical networks. We specifically consider dual-parented networks whereby each customer must be connected to two metro sites via local exchange sites. An important property of such a placement is resilience to single metro node failure. The objective of the application is to determine the optimal position of a set of metro nodes such that the total optical fibre length is minimized. We prove that this problem is NP-Complete. We present two alternative combinatorial optimisation approaches to finding an optimal metro node placement using: a mixed integer linear programming (MIP) formulation of the problem; and, a hybrid approach that uses clustering as a preprocessing step. We consider a detailed case-study based on a network for Ireland. The hybrid approach scales well and finds solutions that are close to optimal, with a runtime that is two orders-of-magnitude better than the MIP model.
Evaluation of the salmon algorithm

The salmon algorithm is a metaheuristic inspired by the behaviour of salmon swimming upstream to spawn. It has previously shown success when used for the creation of sets of robust tags for DNA sequencing applications, as well as for the travelling salesman problem. In this paper the salmon algorithm is evaluated for the construction of optimal covering and error-correcting codes, which are related to sequencing applications, as well as for the DNA fragment assembly problem, which is related to the travelling salesman problem. Parameter tuning for the salmon algorithm is extensively studied, as well as the use of automated parameter tuning.
Assessing genetic linkage and association with robust components of variance approaches

Simulation studies are used to explore the properties of procedures for estimating components of variance and constructing test statistics in genetic linkage studies of quantitative traits. We evaluated the bias and median squared error of estimates of the linked additive genetic variance obtained by regression, maximum likelihood and quasilikelihood estimation procedures. The quasilikelihood and regression procedures provided unbiased estimates of the additive component of variance. Maximum likelihood procedures that assumed multivariate normality were biased for most sample sizes considered but had more precision for most generating models than regression or quasilikelihood methods did. Wald tests derived from quasilikelihood procedures had similar or greater power than Wald tests based upon estimators from maximum likelihood analyses. Quasilikelihood estimation may therefore be preferable whenever there is uncertainty about the generating distribution for the error variance, but the robustness of this approach is offset by its required computational complexity.
Complex-NP Islands in Korean: An Experimental Approach

This paper took an experimental approach and examined island constraints in Korean. Among many island constraints, this study took a Complex NP island constraint, and the experiment was designed with 3 related factors: presence vs. absence of island, matrix clause vs. embedded clause, and scrambling. The analysis results illustrated that the presence/absence of complex NP island did not play a role by itself in Korean but that it made distinctions through the interactions with other factor such as matrix vs. embedded clause.
Cardiac‐specific succinate dehydrogenase deficiency in Barth syndrome

Barth syndrome (BTHS) is a cardiomyopathy caused by the loss of tafazzin, a mitochondrial acyltransferase involved in the maturation of the glycerophospholipid cardiolipin. It has remained enigmatic as to why a systemic loss of cardiolipin leads to cardiomyopathy. Using a genetic ablation of tafazzin function in the BTHS mouse model, we identified severe structural changes in respiratory chain supercomplexes at a pre‐onset stage of the disease. This reorganization of supercomplexes was specific to cardiac tissue and could be recapitulated in cardiomyocytes derived from BTHS patients. Moreover, our analyses demonstrate a cardiac‐specific loss of succinate dehydrogenase (SDH), an enzyme linking the respiratory chain with the tricarboxylic acid cycle. As a similar defect of SDH is apparent in patient cell‐derived cardiomyocytes, we conclude that these defects represent a molecular basis for the cardiac pathology in Barth syndrome.
Waterpipe smoking associated with multiple sclerosis: A population-based incident case–control study

Background: While cigarette and passive smoking have been identified as modifiable risk factors for multiple sclerosis (MS), there is no report regarding Waterpipe smoking–MS association. Objective: We examined the association of Waterpipe, tobacco, and passive smoking with MS. Methods: Population-based incident case–control study in Iran with 547 incident cases and 1057 general population controls (7 August 2013–17 February 2015). Logistic regression model was used. Multiplicative along with additive interaction was assessed using product term and Synergy Index (SI), respectively, and the population attributable fractions (PAFs) were calculated. Results: Having ever smoked Waterpipe, tobacco, or being exposed to passive smoking were all significantly associated with MS (odds ratio (OR) = 1.77 (1.36–2.31), OR = 1.69 (1.24–2.31), and OR = 1.85 (1.48–2.32), respectively). Clear dose–response associations were observed with the duration exposed (p < 0.001 for all three) and the amount smoked (p < 0.001 for Waterpipe and tobacco). Those who had all three types of smoking had an odds that was 4.1 times higher than those without any type. The three types of smoking jointly contributed to 30.9% of the MS incidence. Conclusion: We identified Waterpipe smoking as a novel risk factor for MS. Given the global increase in Waterpipe smoking, especially among young adults, this finding reinforces the need for public health interventional and educational programs to combat this global increase.
Interobserver variability in the detection of spontaneous echo contrast, left atrial thrombi, and left atrial appendage thrombi by transoesophageal echocardiography.

OBJECTIVE--To assess the interobserver variability between two observers from different echocardiographic laboratories. DESIGN--Two observers reviewed video recordings blinded to the other's diagnosis. In part I (n = 88), they determined interobserver variability for spontaneous echo contrast, left atrial thrombi, and appendage thrombi. No diagnostic criteria for thrombi were defined. In part II (n = 85), diagnostic criteria for thrombi were defined. RESULTS--Part I: Both observers agreed in diagnosing spontaneous echo contrast in 97%, left atrial thrombi in 90%, left atrial appendage thrombi in 94%. Part II: With predefined criteria no disagreement occurred in diagnosing left atrial thrombi. In the diagnosis of left atrial appendage thrombi both observers agreed in 89%. The mean diameters of the 10 thrombi on which the observers agreed were greater than of the nine appendage thrombi on which they disagreed. CONCLUSIONS--Interobserver variability in the diagnosis of spontaneous echo contrast is low. Defined criteria decrease interobserver variability for left atrial and appendage thrombi, although one third of the thrombi diagnosed by one observer were not confirmed by the other. Interobserver variability is high in the assessment of small structures (< 15 mm) within the left atrial appendage.
Inertial measurements of free-living activities: Assessing mobility to predict falls

An exploratory analysis was conducted into how simple features, from acceleration at the lower back and ankle during simulated free-living walking, stair ascent and descent, correlate with age, the overall fall risk from a clinically validated Physiological Profile Assessment (PPA), and its sub-components. Inertial data were captured from 92 older adults aged 78-95 (42 female, mean age 84.1, standard deviation 3.9 years). The dominant frequency, peak width from Welch's power spectral density estimate, and signal variance along each axis, from each sensor location and for each activity were calculated. Several correlations were found between these features and the physiological risk factors. The strongest correlations were from the dominant frequency at the ankle along the mediolateral direction during stair ascent (Spearman's correlation coefficient p = - 0.45) with anterioposterior sway, and signal variance of the anterioposterior acceleration at the lower back during stair descent (p = - 0.45) with age. These findings should aid future attempts to classify activities and predict falls in older adults, based on true free-living data from a range of activities.
New Technologies and Trends for Next Generation Mobile Broadcasting Services

It is expected that by the year 2020, video services will account for more than 70 percent of mobile traffic. It is worth noting that broadcasting is a mechanism that efficiently delivers the same content to many users, not only focusing on venue casting, but also distributing many other media such as software updates and breaking news. Although broadcasting services are available in LTE and LTE-A networks, new improvements are needed in some areas to handle the demands expected in the near future. In this article we review the actual situation and some of the techniques that will make the broadcast service more dynamic and scalable, meeting the demands of its evolution toward the next generation. Resource allocation techniques for broadcast/multicast services, integration with new waveforms in 5th generation mobile communications (5G), initiatives for spectrum sharing and aggregation, or the deployment of small cells placed together with the existing macro cells, are some enhancements that are examined in detail, providing directions for further development. With this evolution, 5G broadcasting will be a driver to achieve the spectral efficiency needed for the 1000 times traffic growth that is expected in upcoming years, leading to new applications in 5G networks that are specifically focused on mobile video services.
MorphoSys: An Integrated Reconfigurable System for Data-Parallel and Computation-Intensive Applications

This paper introduces MorphoSys, a reconfigurable computing system developed to investigate the effectiveness of combining reconfigurable hardware with general-purpose processors for word-level, computation-intensive applications. MorphoSys is a coarse-grain, integrated, and reconfigurable system-on-chip, targeted at high-throughput and data-parallel applications. It is comprised of a reconfigurable array of processing cells, a modified RISC processor core, and an efficient memory interface unit. This paper describes the MorphoSys architecture, including the reconfigurable processor array, the control processor, and data and configuration memories. The suitability of MorphoSys for the target application domain is then illustrated with examples such as video compression, data encryption and target recognition. Performance evaluation of these applications indicates improvements of up to an order of magnitude (or more) on MorphoSys, in comparison with other systems.
Diagnostic of arbitrary geometry arrays via distributional approach

A deterministic method for detecting faulty elements in large phased arrays of arbitrary geometry is proposed and tested against experimental data. The approach assumes as data the amplitude and phase near-field distributions and allows to determine both positions and currents of radiating elements. The non-linear inverse problem is properly solved by exploiting a distributional approach, which allows to cast the original problem to a more simple linear problem, whose solution is made stable by adopting a proper regularization scheme based on Truncated Singular Value Decomposition (TSVD). The results fully confirm accuracy of the proposed technique.
Extracting behavior and dynamically generated hierarchy from SystemC models

We present a novel approach to extract the dynamically generated module hierarchy and its behavior from a SystemC model. SystemC is a popular modeling language which can be used to specify systems at a high ab]ion level. The module hierarchy of a SystemC model is dynamically constructed during the execution of the elaboration phase of the model. This means that a system designer can build regular structures using loops and conditional statements. Currently, most SystemC tools can not cope with SystemC models for which the module hierarchy depends on dynamic parameters. In our approach this hierarchical information is retrieved by controlling and monitoring the executing of the elaboration phase of the model using a GDB debugger. Thereafter, the behavioral information is retrieved by using a GCC plug-in. This plug-in produces ab] syntax trees in static single assignment form. This behavioral information is linked with the hierarchical information. Our approach is completely non-intrusive. The SystemC model and the SystemC reference implementation can be used without any modification. We have implemented our approach in a SystemC front-end called SHaBE (SystemC Hierarchy and Behavior Extractor). This front-end facilitates the development of future SystemC visualization, debugging, static verification, and synthesis tools.
Solving the expression problem with true separate compilation

We present a novel solution to the expression problem which offers true separate compilation and can be used in existing Haskell compilers that support multi-parameter type classes and recursive dictionaries. The solution is best viewed as both a programming idiom, allowing a programmer to implement open data types and open functions, and the target encoding of a translation from Haskell augmented with syntactic sugar.
A Performance Evaluation of X-Ray Crystallography Scientific Workflow Using SciCumulus

X-ray crystallography is an important field due to its role in drug discovery and its relevance in bioinformatics experiments of comparative genomics, phylogenomics, evolutionary analysis, ortholog detection, and three-dimensional structure determination. Managing these experiments is a challenging task due to the orchestration of legacy tools and the management of several variations of the same experiment. Workflows can model a coherent flow of activities that are managed by scientific workflow management systems (SWfMS). Due to the huge amount of variations of the workflow to be explored (parameters, input data) it is often necessary to execute X-ray crystallography experiments in High Performance Computing (HPC) environments. Cloud computing is well known for its scalable and elastic HPC model. In this paper, we present a performance evaluation for the X-ray crystallography workflow defined by the PC4 (Provenance Challenge series). The workflow was executed using the SciCumulus middleware at the Amazon EC2 cloud environment. SciCumulus is a layer for SWfMS that offers support for the parallel execution of scientific workflows in cloud environments with provenance mechanisms. Our results reinforce the benefits (total execution time × monetary cost) of parallelizing the X-ray crystallography workflow using SciCumulus. The results show a consistent way to execute X-ray crystallography workflows that need HPC using cloud computing. The evaluated workflow shares features of many scientific workflows and can be applied to other experiments.
Global Sparse Representation Projections for Feature Extraction and Classification

In this paper, we propose a novel supervised learning method called Global Sparse Representation Projections (GSRP) for linear dimensionality reduction. GSRP can be viewed as a combiner of sparse representation and manifold learning. But differing from the recent manifold learning methods such as Local Preserving Projections (LPP), GSRP introduces the global sparse representation information into the objective function. Since sparse representation can implicitly employ the "local" structure of the data by imposing the sparsity prior, we take advantages of this property to characterize the local structure. By combining the local interclass neighborhood relationship and sparse representation information, GSRP aims to preserve the sparse reconstructive relationship of the data and simultaneously maximize the interclass separability. Comprehensive comparison and extensive experiments show that GSRP achieves higher recognition rates than the state-of-the-art techniques such as LPP and Sparsity Preserving Projections (SPP).