Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
PENERAPAN PEMBELAJARAN PEMECAHAN MASALAH MODEL POLYA UNTUK MENYELESAIKAN SOAL-SOAL APLIKATIF POKOK BAHASAN SEGI EMPAT PADA SISWA KELAS VII F SMP NEGERI 9JEMBER SEMESTER GENAP TAHUN AJARAN 2013/2014

Abstract. Polya model is one of problem solving model that help the students for solving applicative math problems. Furthermore, Polya defines problem solving as an attempt to find the way out from one difficultness, and reach the unreachable objective that cannot be solved at once. The research aims are (1) how do the Polya problem solve appliment solve the applicative questions, (2) how do the activities of the students as long as Polya problem solve appliment occur to solve the applicative questions, (3) how do the student learn finishment after Polya problem solving appliment occur to solve the applicative question. The results showed improvement of the results of work of students using the Polya Model to solve the problem about applicative questions from first cycle to the next cycle. The research subjects are for analyzing qualitative and quantitative data. The research result shows that category activity in the “rexamine” and “presentation” are the lowest. The learning activity result in the first cycle are 64,1% student complete and not fulfill the classical absorptive power because of ≤ 70%. The second cycle result is increasing of learning result for 79,49% which means has reached classical complement. So, the research has fulfilled the research aims. Key Words : Polya Model Problem Solving, Students Activity,Result of Students’s Learning.
Boundary Controllability of a Hybrid System Consisting in Two Flexible Beams Connected by a Point Mass

We consider a hybrid system consisting of two flexible beams connected by a point mass. The constant of rotational inertia is assumed to be nonzero. In a previous paper we have proved that, in the presence of the point mass, the system is well posed in asymmetric spaces in which solutions have one more degree of regularity to one side of the mass. We are interested in the problem of controllability when the control acts on the free extreme of one of the beams. We prove that when the control time is large enough the system is exactly controllable in an asymmetric space. This result is sharp. The proofs combine classical techniques from asymptotic analysis and the theory of nonharmonic Fourier series.
Does economic policy uncertainty, energy transition and ecological innovation affect environmental degradation in the United States?

Climate change traps heat, affecting a variety of species in already dry areas. Severe storms, earthquakes, plagues, and food delivery problems are all exacerbated by climate change caused by emissions of greenhouse gases. The United States, the world ’ s largest economy and second-largest carbon emitter is expertly planning to reduce its environmental difficulties and help the accomplishment of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 7 and 13. Given that, the study explores the renewable energy transition, ecological innovation, economic policy uncertainty, and globalization from 1990 to 2019 by using novel econo-metric approaches augmented ARDL and gradual shift causality. The results show that variables are cointegrated, particularly in the long and short term; renewable energy transition and economic policy uncertainty reduce carbon emissions, while ecological innovation contributes to long-run depletion in CO 2 emission. Globalization significantly accelerates emissions in the long and short term. Furthermore, gradual shift causation reveals that renewable energy transition and globalization are unidirectional, but economic policy uncertainty is bidirectional. Finally, the conclusion implies that transitioning from fossil to renewable energy, adequate use of technology, efficient management of policy uncertainties and globalization may contribute to the United States meeting SDGs 7 and 13.
High Variation in Protist Diversity and Community Composition in Surface Sediment of Hot Springs in Himalayan Geothermal Belt, China

Hot springs are some of the most special environments on Earth. Many prokaryotic and eukaryotic microbes have been found to live in this environment. The Himalayan geothermal belt (HGB) has numerous hot springs spread across the area. Comprehensive research using molecular techniques to investigate eukaryotic microorganisms is still lacking; investigating the composition and diversity of eukaryotic microorganisms such as protists in the hot spring ecosystems will not only provide critical information on the adaptations of protists to extreme conditions, but could also give valuable contributions to the global knowledge of biogeographic diversity. In this study, we used high-throughput sequencing to illuminate the diversity and composition pattern of protist communities in 41 geothermal springs across the HGB on the Tibetan Plateau. A total of 1238 amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) of protists were identified in the hot springs of the HGB. In general, Cercozoa was the phylum with the highest richness, and Bacillariophyta was the phylum with the highest relative abundance in protists. Based on the occurrence of protist ASVs, most of them are rare. A high variation in protist diversity was found in the hot springs of the HGB. The high variation in protist diversity may be due to the different in environmental conditions of these hot springs. Temperature, salinity, and pH are the most important environmental factors that affect the protist communities in the surface sediments of the hot springs in the HGB. In summary, this study provides the first comprehensive study of the composition and diversity of protists in the hot springs of the HGB and facilitates our understanding of the adaptation of protists in these extreme habitats.
Nutritional Intake Differences in Combinations of Carbohydrate-Rich Foods in Pirapó, Republic of Paraguay

A national strategy for obesity prevention has been promoted in Paraguay, reflecting the situation where half of adults and 23.4% of children (under 5 years old) are overweight. However, the detailed nutritional intake of the population has not yet been studied, especially in rural areas. Therefore, this study aimed to identify obesity-causing factors in Pirapó by analyzing the results from a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) and one-day weighed food records (WFRs). From June to October 2015, 433 volunteers (200 males and 233 females) completed the FFQ with 36 items and one-day WFRs. Body mass index (BMI) positively correlated with the consumption of sandwiches, hamburgers, and bread and with age and diastolic blood pressure, although pizza and fried bread (pireca) had a negative correlation in males (p < 0.05). BMI positively correlated with systolic blood pressure, whereas it negatively correlated with the consumption of cassava and rice in females (p < 0.05). The FFQ revealed that fried food with wheat flour was consumed once a day. WFRs showed that 40% of meals consisted of two or more carbohydrate-rich dishes, significantly higher in energy, lipids, and sodium than those containing only one carbohydrate-rich dish. These results imply that less oily wheat dish consumption and healthy combinations of dishes should be considered for obesity prevention.
Cohomology of Frobenius{Lusztig Kernels of Quantized Enveloping Algebras

Let k be a field of characteristic p 6= 2. Let Φ be a finite, indecomposable root system, G the simple, simply-connected algebraic group over k having root system Φ, and g = Lie(G). Let Uζ(g) denote the Lusztig (divided power) quantized enveloping algebra corresponding to g, with parameter q specialized to a primitive `-th root of unity ζ ∈ k. The Frobenius–Lusztig kernels Uζ(Gr) of Uζ(g) are certain finite-dimensional Hopf subalgebras of Uζ(g) that play a role in the (integrable) representation theory of Uζ(g) analogous to the role played by the Frobenius kernels Gr of G in the rational representation theory of G. If r = 0, then Uζ(Gr) = uζ(g), the “small” quantum algebra discovered by Lusztig [48, 49]. The higher Frobenius–Lusztig kernels of Uζ(g) (i.e., those parametrized by values r ≥ 1) exist only if p > 0. The goal of this dissertation is to study the cohomology of the Frobenius–Lusztig kernels of Uζ(g) when p > 0. Our strategy parallels the characteristic zero work of Ginzburg and Kumar [30] and of Bendel, Nakano, Parshall and Pillen [9], as well as the earlier work on Frobenius kernels of algebraic groups by Friedlander and Parshall [27] and Andersen and Jantzen [2]. For r = 0, we show (in most cases) that the cohomology H(uζ(g), k) of uζ(g) is isomorphic as a G-module to the induced module indGPJ S (uJ) (for some subset J of simple roots depending on `). If additionally ` ≥ h, h the Coxeter number of g, then H(uζ(g), k) is isomorphic as an algebra to k[N ], the coordinate ring of the variety of nilpotent elements in g. For r = 1, we show (under certain restrictions on `, p, and Φ) that the cohomology ring H(Uζ(G1), k) is Noetherian. For arbitrary r ≥ 1, we show that the cohomology rings H(Uζ(Ur), k) and H(Uζ(Br), k) for the “nilpotent” and Borel subalgebras Uζ(Ur) and Uζ(Br) of Uζ(Gr) are also Noetherian.
Double bubbles in Gauss space and spheres

We prove that a standard Y is an area-minimizing partition of Gauss space into three given volumes, provided that the standard double bubble is an area-minimizing partition of high-dimensional spheres. We prove that the standard double bubble is the area-minimizing partition of spheres of any dimension where the volumes differ by at most 4%
Clinical Characteristics and Current Status of Treatment for Recurrent Bladder Cancer after Surgeries on Upper Tract Urothelial Carcinoma

Upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) is a relatively rare, but highly malignant, disease with an estimated annual incidence of 2 cases per 100,000 people. The main surgical treatment modalities for UTUC are radical nephroureterectomy (RNU) with bladder cuff resection. After surgery, intravesical recurrence (IVR) can occur in up to 47% of patients, and 75% of them present with non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC). However, there are few studies focused on the diagnosis and treatment of postoperatively recurrent bladder cancer for patients with previous UTUC history (UTUC-BC), and many of the influencing factors are still controversial. In this article, we performed a narrative review of the recent literature, mainly summarizing the factors influencing postoperative IVR in patients with UTUC and discussing the subsequent prevention, monitoring, and treatment tools for it.
Effects of Concurrent High-Intensity and Strength Training on Muscle Power and Aerobic Performance in Young Soccer Players during the Pre-Season

The aim of the present study was to evaluate two different intervention programs applied during a 4-week pre-season period. Twenty-nine players participated in this study and were divided into two groups. One group (BallTrain, n = 12, age: 17.8 ± 0.4 years, body mass: 73.9 ± 7.6 kg, height: 178 ± 0.1 cm, body fat: 9.6 ± 5.3%) performed a higher percentage of aerobic training with ball and strength training using plyometrics and exercises with body weight. The other group (HIITTrain, n = 17, age: 17.8 ± 0.7 years, body mass: 73.3 ± 5.0 kg, height: 179 ± 0.1 cm, body fat: 8.0 ± 2.3%) trained with high-intensity interval training (HIIT) without the ball and performed resistance training with weights in the same session. Both groups trained for strength (two times/week) and performed aerobic–anaerobic fitness without the ball, passing games, and tactical and small-sided games. Lower limb power (CMJ) and aerobic fitness (Yo-Yo intermittent recovery test level 1-IR1) were evaluated before and after the four-week training program. Yo-Yo IR1 performance was improved in both groups, but the improvement was greater for the HIITTrain than BallTrain group (468 ± 180 vs. 183 ± 177 m, p = 0.07). CMJ showed a non-significant improvement in the BallTrain group (5.8 ± 8.8%, p = 0.16), but it decreased by 8.1 ± 9% (p = 0.001), in the HIITTrain group. In conclusion, we have shown that a short pre-season period of training results in improvements in aerobic fitness in both groups, with high-intensity interval training showing superior adaptations than training with the ball. However, CMJ performance was reduced in this group, possibly suggesting higher fatigue levels and overload, and/or showing the effects of concurrent HIITTrain and strength training in soccer.
Higher regularity of global attractor for a damped Benjamin–Bona–Mahony equation on R

For one-dimensional damped Benjamin–Bona–Mahony equation, a recent result claimed that there exists a global attractor in , in fact the attractor is smoother and it belongs to for every . In this paper, by some techniques of harmonic analysis, we first show that the solution operator of one-dimensional damped BBM equation is asymptotically compact, then we give the existence of global attractor in . Finally, we obtain the higher regularity of the global attractor, it is in fact bounded in .
NONLINEAR SIMULATIONS OF SURFACE WAVES IN FINITE DEPTH ON A LINEAR SHEAR CURRENT

This study concerns the propagation of surface grav ity waves on a linear shear current over a constant water depth. It is restricted to two-dimensional flows without dissip ation and/or wind effects. Numerical simulations of nonlinear surfac e waves on a linear shear current (constant vortici ty) are performed using an extension of the well-kn own high-order sp ectral method (HOS). An adjustment procedure for initializing the nonlinear free surface simulations w ith linear solutio ns is validated, and used to study the nonlinear st ability of a uniform wave train in finite depth. It is shown that small p ositive velocity shear tends to enhance the sideban d instabilities, whereas small negative velocity sh ear tends to suppre ss instability.
Active or Passive Aging? Analysis of Selected Socioeconomic Factors in the Polish Population

The aim of this study was to identify the factors that determined the participation of people aged 60 years and older in physical activity (PA) at least once or more frequently in the year before the survey. The analysis included sociodemographic variables, any certificate of disability, level of physical fitness, and declared sports skills. The study used data from the “Participation of Poles in Sports and Physical Recreation in 2012” survey (designed and conducted by Statistics Poland). Questionnaires from 2724 people qualified for analysis. An analysis of frequency and odds ratio (followed by logistic regression analysis) was used to evaluate the determinants of participation of older adults in PA. Participation in PA was declared by 23.7%, most often by older adults aged 60–64 years (chi2 = 67.72; p < 0.001). With age, the likelihood of participation in PA declined until the age of 75, when the percentage of active participants increased to 27.4%. Of the variables analyzed (logistic regression model), only very good (p < 0.001) and good (p = 0.002) levels of self-rated physical fitness, secondary (p = 0.014) or tertiary (p = 0.003) education, and a higher number of declared sports skills (p < 0.001) had a favorable effect on the frequency of participation in PA. The low PA of Poles aged 60 years and over (especially those entering retirement age) requires social intervention. Instead of focusing sports policy on increasing the number of participants, it seems more reasonable to focus on individuals living in rural areas with lower socio-professional status and physical fitness. It is necessary to use an individual approach (according to abilities, skill level, and needs) and create systems of interrelations that would provide older adults with support (including the use of social resources).
What Are We Fighting For: The Noble Goal of Courage in Aristotle's Ethics

Aristotle’s analysis of the virtue of courage presents a number of interpretative difficulties. The initial thesis that courage consists in overcoming the fear of death in the context of war for a worthy or noble cause will be analysed against several other, seemingly inconsistent, definitions of this virtue in the Nicomachean Ethics . The normative aspect of the present study aims at making sense of what could qualify as a noble goal of a fearless action for the Aristotelian model, given that one’s personal eudaimonia cannot be the goal of a warrior willing to sacrifice his life in battle. Reference to the intended proper end of courageous behaviour is one of the constitutive features of the Aristotelian holistic account of this virtue and this normative provision remains unexplained in the text. Two options are considered: (1) the noble goal of courage is an altruistic concern for the good of the polis ; (2) the goal of courage is personal honour (including postmortem glorification). It is argued that the second option is a better fit with the Aristotelian model of virtue ethics, which should be seen as a form of enlightened egoism.
Ovariectomy Exacerbates Acute Ethanol-Induced Tachycardia: Role of Nitric Oxide and NMDA Receptors in the Rostral Ventrolateral Medulla

Ethanol consumption influences cardiovascular functions. In humans, acute consumption of ethanol causes dose-dependent tachycardia. Our previous study showed that ethanol-induced tachycardia might involve decreased nitric oxide (NO) signaling in the brain’s medulla. NMDA receptors, another important target of ethanol, are one of the upstream signals of nitric oxide. Reports showed the modulation of NMDA receptor function by estrogen or estrogen receptors. The present study aims to examine the hypothesis that depletion of estrogen by ovariectomy (OVX) might modulate ethanol-induced tachycardia by regulating NMDA receptor function and NO signaling in the cardiovascular regulatory nucleus of the brain. Ethanol (3.2 g/kg, 40% v/v, 10 mL/kg) or saline (10 mL/kg) was administered by oral gavage in sham or OVX female Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. The blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) were measured using the tail-cuff method. The levels of phosphoserine 896 of the GluN1 subunit (pGluN1-serine 896) and NMDA GluN1 subunits (GluN1) were determined by immunohistochemistry. The expressions of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and estrogen receptors in the tissue were measured by Western blotting. Nitric oxide contents were measured as total nitrate-nitrite by colorimetric assay kit. In a 2-h observation, there was no significant change in BP between the saline and ethanol groups. However, compared with saline, ethanol caused an increase in HR (tachycardia) in sham control or OVX rats. Interestingly, ethanol produced more significant tachycardia in the OVX group than in the sham control group. Nitric oxide levels were lower in the area of the rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM) 60 min following ethanol administration in OVX compared with sham control, without significant changes in the expression of NOS and estrogen receptors (ERα and ERβ). In addition, a decrease in the immunoreactivity of pGluN1-serine 896, without significant changes in GluN1, was found in neurons of RVLM 40 min following ethanol administration in OVX compared with sham control. Our results suggest that depletion of estradiol (E2) by OVX might exacerbate the tachycardia following ethanol administration, the underlying mechanism of which might be associated with decreased NMDA receptor function and NO level in the RVLM.
Analysis sensitivity calculation in an ensemble Kalman filter

Analysis sensitivity indicates the sensitivity of an analysis to the observations, which is complementary to the sensitivity of the analysis to the background. In this paper, we discuss a method to calculate this quantity in an Ensemble Kalman Filter (EnKF). The calculation procedure and the geometrical interpretation, which shows that the analysis sensitivity is proportional to the analysis error and anti‐correlated with the observation error, are experimentally verified with the Lorenz 40‐variable model. With the analysis sensitivity, the cross‐validation in its original formulation can be efficiently computed in EnKFs, and this property can be used in observational quality control.
Robust Location and Scale Estimation Based on the Univariate Generalized t (GT) Distribution

Abstract In this paper, we consider the univariate generalized t (GT) distribution, which is introduced by McDonald and Newey ((1988) Partially adaptive estimation of regression models via the generalized t distribution. Econometric Theory 4:428–457. ). We show that the maximum likelihood estimators for the location and the scale parameters of a GT distribution with known shape parameters can provide alternative robust estimators for the location and scale parameters of a data set. We investigate the existence and the uniqueness of the maximum likelihood estimators. We show that the likelihood function can be unimodal or multimodal depending on the different choices of the shape parameters.
Theoretical and experimental study of synchronously pumped dispersion-compensated femtosecond fiber Raman lasers

A fiber Raman laser with intracavity pulse compression is investigated both theoretically and experimentally. A theoretical model of such a laser is described: the dynamics of laser generation from the spontaneous noise level is investigated numerically, and stable regimes of femtosecond pulse generation are found. Smoothly tuned generation inside two Stokes components with a minimum pulse width of ∼150 fsec is obtained experimentally. We show that these lasers can generate smoothly tuned pulses in all silica-fiber transparency spectral regions. The efficiency of pump energy conversion into the Raman generation energy can reach more than 80% (30% was obtained experimentally), and the average output power can be more than 1 W.
Assessing Moderating Effects of Board of Directors and Sharia Committee in Improving Performance of Islamic Insurance Company

This study aims to examine the variables of the board of directors and the sharia committee in relation to the variables that affect the financial performance of sharia insurance companies in Indonesia. This research is important because the Islamic finance industry must be run in accordance with the principles of Islamic sharia so that the business that is run is not entirely business. This research was conducted at Islamic insurance companies and insurance companies that run sharia business units in the period 2011 to 2017. The research method used moderated regression analysis. The variable used to measure financial performance is a surplus on contribution (SoC) while the independent variable is a debt to equity ratio, size, and age. The results showed that size has a positive effect on financial performance, age has a negative effect on financial performance, and leverage has no effect on financial performance. Whereas the board of directors strengthens the relationship between leverage and financial performance and weakens the relationship between size and financial performance, and sharia committee weakens the relationship between size and financial performance and strengthens the relationship between age and financial performance.