Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Economic Effects of Inward Foreign Direct Investment in Myanmar

This paper aims to examine the effects of inward foreign direct investment (FDI) on economic growth and domestic investment at the regional-level and sectoral-levels of Myanmar economy, by applying a panel vector-autoregressive model framework. The major research questions are twofold: whether inward FDI causes economic growth or economic growth attracts inward FDI, and whether inward FDI crowds in or crowds out domestic investment. The main findings are summarized as follows. In the regional level analysis, there is a difference in the FDI-economic growth relationship between the FDI-intensive region and the FDI-less-intensive one. In the FDI-intensive region, the bidirectional FDI-economic growth relationship is found, supporting the both hypotheses of FDI-driven growth and growth-driven FDI, while the FDI-driven growth effect is larger than the growth-driven FDI one. In the FDI-less-intensive region, on the other hand, FDI deteriorates economic growth whereas economic growth still induces FDI. The difference in the FDI-economic growth relationship between the regions might come from the gap in agglomeration effects. In the sectoral level analysis, the crowd-in effect of FDI on domestic investment is found in the non-oil and gas sectors, since the FDI in the oil and gas sector has less linkages to domestic investment.
Chemical Composition and Nutritional Value of Some Type of Wild Mushrooms in Blue Nile State

This study was conducted to determine the chemical composition and nutritional value for eight samples of edible mushrooms, including seven samples of wild edible mushrooms collected from Blue Nile State and one commercial sample. All samples were classified by Mycokey software program and mushroom expert web site. In addition, the mushrooms varieties found are Agaricus bisporus, Chlorophyllum rhacodes, Agaricus lutosus, Volvariella volvacea, Agaricus impudicus, Agaricus arvensis, Agaricus silvicola and the commercial sample (Agaricus bisporus). Also, toxicity was detected using potassium hydroxide (4%) during collection in the field and for all samples the toxicity test was negative. The results showed that the samples containing varying moisture content between samples ranged from 5.26% to 11.11%. Fat content ranged from 0.94% to 2.99%. Protein content ranged between 19.41% to 34.14%. Ash content ranged from 0.22% to 1.47%. Add to that, the fiber content ranged from 5.25% to 23.86%. Carbohydrate content ranged from 26.76% to 77.91%. The calcium content (mg/kg) ranged from 5.80 to 8.60. The magnesium content (mg/kg) ranged from 3.07 to 5.50. The phosphorus content (mg/kg) ranged from 2.15 to 2.50. The potassium content (mg/kg) ranged from 21.20 to 21.50. The iron content (mg/100g) ranged from 1.30 to 1.55. The zinc content (mg/100g) ranged from 0.51 to 0.52. The copper content (mg/100g) ranged from 0.10 to 0.11. The manganese content (mg/100g) ranged from 0.10 to 0.12. The essential amino acids content (mg/100g) of mushroom samples were: arginine content ranged from 6.30 to 6.40. Histidine content ranged from 1.90 to 2.20. Lysine content ranged from 5.00 to 5.10. Tryptophan content ranged from 0.88 to 0.90. Phenylalanine content ranged from 2.00 to 2.10. Methionine content ranged from 1.00 to 1.15. Threonine content ranged from 4.05 to 4.10. Leucine content ranged from 3.90 to 4.10. Isoleucine content ranged from 5.56 to 5.70. Valine content ranged from 4.20 to 4.50. All samples contain high levels of protein, minerals and essential amino acids. However, the Volvariella volvacea sample is the best sample in terms of containing the protein so it can be entered as a dietary supplement in some processed foods that contain very small amounts of protein.
DOES INTERNAL CONTROL WORK? FRAUD CASE IN GOVERNMENT SECTOR - INDONESIAN EVIDENCE

This research analyzed the role of internal control in reducing intention to do fraud. Internal control becomes a variable that moderates the relationship between organizational culture, information asymmetry and law enforcement with a person's intention to commit fraud. This research took place in Sorong West Papua, a province in Eastern Indonesia. Respondents from this research are government employees and taken with convenience sampling method. The findings of this study are: This study proved that the greater the information asymmetry, the higher the intention to do fraud. In addition law enforcement and regulation could reduce fraud intention. However, this study had not proven the influence of organizational culture on fraud and this study also failed to prove the role of internal control to reduce fraud intention This research had a practical contribution where in this case, law enforcement and regulation becomes the most important thing in reducing fraud intention. Besides it is necessary to improve the internal control system in order to function as expected. The originality of this study, there are still little empirical research that discusses the study of internal control functions associated with the reduction of fraud intention.
Efficiency of jojoba oil and bio-nematicide on Meloidogyne incognita and performance of flame seedless grapevine cuttings

The whole world is moving to lay off chemical pesticides and replaced with natural compounds. Fortunately, jojoba oil is one of these alternatives, being a special type of plant oils containing many compounds that can improve growth, nutritional status of plants and tolerance to nematodes infection. The present study was conducted during the successive growing seasons 2015 and 2016, in the Pomology greenhouse, NRC, Dokki, Giza, Egypt. Flame Seedless grapevine cuttings (one year old) were selected to study the effect of jojoba oil at 5 and 10 %, either with or without Meloidogyne incognita infection and Bio-Nematicide “Nema-Foo ® ” at 5 and 10 %, with infection, was a comparison factor in addition to the control (uninfected and infected plants). These factors were investigated on cuttings' growth characters, nutrient contents and controlling the root-knot nematode. In general, the obtained results revealed that all treatments encouraged most of the investigated vegetative growth measurements and leaf nutrient contents. Meanwhile, they reduced Meloidogyne incognita numbers of juveniles (J 2 ) in soil. Moreover, J 2 galls and egg-masses were minimized in roots of grapevine cuttings as well as rate of build-up, comparing with the control (infected) plants, especially higher concentrations of these materials.
Intra‐annual patterns of coastal larval fish assemblages along environmental gradients in the northeastern Mediterranean

To date, little is known about the larval‐fish assemblages (LFAs) in the eastern Mediterranean. The purpose of this study is to investigate the intra‐annual variations of LFAs with an emphasis on the effects of physical, chemical, biological and meteorological conditions in the gulf of Iskenderun, which is a shallow (100 m maximum depth), semi‐enclosed bay located in the northeastern corner of the Mediterranean. The gulf is under the influence of offshore waters throughout the year. The study was based on an ichthyoplankton survey program performed at 28 stations over 12 months, between November 2009 and October 2010. During the study, a total of 11,411 larval individuals belonging to 177 taxa were sampled. The jackknife estimate of maximum species richness was 225 ± 19 for the study area. The maximum larval richness (84 species) and abundance (827 larvae/10 m²) values coincided with spring bloom in April. Gobiids dominated the ichthyoplankton of Iskenderun Bay by constituting 9% of species richness and 42% of total individuals. Four LFAs were identified which were in early winter (November to January), late winter (February and March), spring (April to June) and summer (July to October). The intra‐annual variations of richness, abundance and composition of ichthyoplankton were significantly correlated with the temperature and mesozooplankton biomass. The wind conditions and thermal stratification were also significantly correlated with the composition of LFAs. In conclusion, phenology of LFAs were formed under the influence of physical and tropho‐dynamic conditions in Iskenderun Bay, Northeastern Mediterranean.
Expression of Genes Involved in Offensive and Defensive Phenotype Induction in the Pituitary Gland of the Hokkaido Salamander (Hynobius retardatus)

Amphibians exhibit phenotypic plasticity, which allows flexible adaptation to fluctuating environments. Although genes involved in expression of plastic phenotypes have been identified, the endocrine bases of plastic responses are largely unknown. Larvae of the Hokkaido salamander (Hynobius retardatus) plastically display distinct phenotypes, an “offensive phenotype” characterized as larger body with broadened gape and a “defensive phenotype” characterized as enlarged gills and tail and less active behavior, in the presence of prey larval amphibians and predatory larval dragonfly, respectively. In the presence of both prey and predators, the degree of induction of both phenotypes is reduced, suggesting cross-talk between the molecular signaling pathways of these phenotypes. We conducted a transcriptomic analysis to examine how endocrine regulation affects the phenotypic expression by focusing on the pituitary gland. We found that five endocrine genes, i.e., calcitonin related polypeptide alpha (CALCA), growth hormone (GH), neuropeptide B (NPB), parathyroid hormone 2 (PTH2), and prolactin 1 (PRL1), were involved in the expression of both phenotypes. However, we conducted only RNA-seq analysis, and no confirmation of significant up-regulation or down-regulation has been conducted. These results suggest that these genes were up-regulated for induction of the offensive phenotype and down-regulated for induction of the defensive phenotype. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that possible gene duplications of PRL and CALCA have occurred during amphibian evolution. Based on these findings, it is suggested that a trade-off of molecular signaling pathways exists between the two distinct phenotypic expressions. The results also suggest that hormonal-gene duplications might have contributed to the acquisition of phenotypic plasticity in amphibians.
The Protective Effects of Melatonin on Aluminum-Induced Hepatotoxicity and Nephrotoxicity in Rats

Aluminum (Al) is a ubiquitous element with known toxicity for both humans and animals. Herein, we aimed to investigate the potential role of melatonin (MEL) in hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity following aluminum chloride (AlCl3) treatment in rats. Adult male rats were treated with AlCl3 (34 mg/kg bwt) for eight weeks. Exposure to AlCl3 enhanced the serum activities of the liver transaminases (alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase) and increased the level of bilirubin, in addition to the serum kidney function markers urea and creatinine. AlCl3 intoxication boosted oxidative stress, as evidenced by increases in the levels of lipid peroxidation (LPO) and nitric oxide (NO) along with simultaneous decreases in the levels of glutathione (GSH), various antioxidant enzymes, and Nrf2 mRNA expression. MEL (5 mg/kg bwt) treatment repressed LPO and NO levels, whereas it augmented GSH content. The activities of the antioxidant enzymes GPx, SOD, CAT, and GR were also restored concomitantly when MEL was administered before AlCl3. MEL also suppressed the apoptotic effect of AlCl3 by enhancing Bcl-2 protein expression in the liver and kidney and decreasing the expression levels of proinflammatory cytokines. Histopathological findings in the liver and kidney tissues confirmed the beneficial effect of MEL against AlCl3 toxicity. These findings indicate that MEL prevents AlCl3 toxicity by enhancing the antioxidant defense system.
Characteristics and roles of Microcystis extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) in cyanobacterial blooms: a short review

ABSTRACT Cyanobacterial blooms are serious eco-environmental problem, and cyanobacteria can produce large amounts of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS). EPS, as complex polymers, possess several characteristics, such as hydrophobicity, carbon-rich, nutrient-rich, metal adsorption, and stickiness, which influence the cell surface characteristics and the cycling of carbon, nutrients, metals, and rheological property in water, particularly during large blooms. All these characteristics are related to bloom outbreak. This review provides the classification, composition, extraction, and characteristics of cyanobacterial EPS and their corresponding roles in algal blooms. Further studies should investigate transparent exopolymer particles as a special and free form of EPS and their precise roles in cyanobacterial blooms in freshwater.
CONDITION FACTOR AND ECOLOGY OF ENDOHELMINTHS IN Metynnis lippincottianus FROM THE CURIAÚ RIVER, IN EASTERN AMAZON (BRAZIL)

Os peixes estao entre os grupos de vertebrados mais suscetiveis as infeccoes parasitarias devido as caracteristicas ambientais que podem favorecer o desenvolvimento de parasitos; alem disso, a posicao do hospedeiro na cadeia alimentar tem sido associada ao parasitismo. O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar a ecologia de parasitos endohelmintos em Metynnis lippincottianus do Rio Curiau, na Amazonia oriental (Brasil), bem como avaliar as interacoes parasito-hospedeiro. De 110 especimes de M. lippincottianus examinados, 76,3% estavam infectados por um ou mais especies de parasitos, e um total de 146 parasitos como Procamallanus (Spirocamallanus) inopinatus (Nematoda), larvas de Contracaecum sp. (Nematoda) e Neoechinorhynchus pterodoridis (Acanthocephala) foram coletados no intestino. No entanto, a dominância foi de especies de nematoides, e os parasitos apresentaram dispersao uniforme ou aleatoria. As infracomunidades parasitarias apresentaram baixo indice de diversidade de Shannon-Wiener (0,2 ± 0,3), baixa uniformidade (0,2 ± 0,3) e baixa riqueza de especies (1,1 ± 0,8). A abundância de Contracaecum sp. apresentou correlacao positiva fraca com o peso dos hospedeiros e o fator de condicao nao foi afetado pelo parasitismo. Este primeiro estudo sobre parasitos de M. lippincottianus da bacia do Rio Curiau e o primeiro relato de N. pterodoridis para este hospedeiro.
Weed management effect on growth and yield of wet direct-seeded rice in Cauvery command area of Karnataka

Field experiment was conducted during rainy seasons of 2014 and 2015 to study the effect on weed management practices in wet direct-seeded rice (Oryza sativa L.) in Cauvery command area of Karnataka under irrigated condition with eight treatments replicated thrice. Pre-emergence application of bensulfuron-methyl + pretilachlor GR (Londax Power) at 660 g/ha fb bispyribac-sodium (Nominee Gold) at 25 g/ha at 20 days after sowing (DAS) significantly reduced weed growth and recorded the higher seed yield (4.80 t/ha), net monetary returns (` 25631/ha) and B: C ratio (1.62) and it was at par with other sequential treatments, viz. pre-emergence application of pendimethalin at 1.0 kg/ha (Stomp) fb postemergence application of bispyribac-sodium, pre-emergence application of bensulfuron-methyl + pretilachlor, application of pendimethalin as pre-emergence fb 1 HW. Uncontrolled weed growth caused 55.2% reduction in seed yield of wet seeded rice.
Adaptive data-driven reduced-order modelling techniques for nuclear reactor analysis

Large-scale complex systems require high-fidelity models to capture the dynamics of the system accurately. For example, models of nuclear reactors capture multiphysics interactions (e.g., radiation transport, thermodynamics, heat transfer, and fluid mechanics) occurring at various scales of time (prompt neutrons to burn-up calculations) and space (cell and core calculations). The complexity of thesemodels, however, renders their use intractable for applications relying on repeated evaluations, such as control, optimization, uncertainty quantification, and sensitivity studies.
How do weekly obtained task i-deals improve work performance?The role of relational context and structural job resources

ABSTRACT Previous research on idiosyncratic deals (i-deals) has treated them as concrete events, arguing that these i-deals shape employment relationships and impact on work performance over long periods of time. However, some types of i-deals may be negotiated and shaped over short periods of time. The aim of this research is to understand the social context within which these types of i-deals unfold and influence employee work performance. Focusing on task i-deals and adopting a weekly diary design approach, we explore the role of relationship quality with co-workers and managers that matter for the obtainment of task i-deals and how obtained task i-deals translate into work performance, over weeks. To explore our research questions, we collected weekly diary data (over 7 weeks; n = 67 employees; 67 co-workers and 23 managers) from employees, their co-workers and managers. The results from multi-level analyses demonstrate that weekly reports of co-worker support matter more to obtain task i-deals than employee’s relationship quality with their manager. Furthermore, results underline that weekly structural job resources explain how and why obtained task i-deals lead to enhanced work performance over weeks. HR managers and practitioners can design task i-deals as short-term intervention tools to drive work performance.
Exclusion of bacterial co-infection in COVID-19 using baseline inflammatory markers and their response to antibiotics.

BACKGROUND COVID-19 is infrequently complicated by bacterial co-infection, but antibiotic prescriptions are common. We used community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) as a benchmark to define the processes that occur in bacterial pulmonary infections, testing the hypothesis that baseline inflammatory markers and their response to antibiotic therapy could distinguish bacterial co-infection from COVID-19. METHODS Retrospective cohort study of CAP (lobar consolidation on chest radiograph) and COVID-19 (PCR detection of SARS-CoV-2) patients admitted to Royal Free Hospital (RFH) and Barnet Hospital (BH), serving as independent discovery and validation cohorts. All CAP and >90% COVID-19 patients received antibiotics on hospital admission. RESULTS We identified 106 CAP and 619 COVID-19 patients at RFH. Compared with COVID-19, CAP was characterized by elevated baseline white cell count (WCC) [median 12.48 (IQR 8.2-15.3) versus 6.78 (IQR 5.2-9.5) ×106 cells/mL, P < 0.0001], C-reactive protein (CRP) [median 133.5 (IQR 65-221) versus 86.0 (IQR 42-160) mg/L, P < 0.0001], and greater reduction in CRP 48-72 h into admission [median ΔCRP -33 (IQR -112 to +3.5) versus +14 (IQR -15.5 to +70.5) mg/L, P < 0.0001]. These observations were recapitulated in the independent validation cohort at BH (169 CAP and 181 COVID-19 patients). A multivariate logistic regression model incorporating WCC and ΔCRP discriminated CAP from COVID-19 with AUC 0.88 (95% CI 0.83-0.94). Baseline WCC >8.2 × 106 cells/mL or falling CRP identified 94% of CAP cases, and excluded bacterial co-infection in 46% of COVID-19 patients. CONCLUSIONS We propose that in COVID-19, absence of both elevated baseline WCC and antibiotic-related decrease in CRP can exclude bacterial co-infection and facilitate antibiotic stewardship efforts.
Four new subtribes: Allolepiinae, Jouveinae, Kaliniinae, and Sohnsiinae in the Cynodonteae (Poaceae: Chloridoideae)

ABSTRACT Allolepis, Jouvea, Kalina , and Sohnsia are small (only Jouvea contains two species), often overlooked genera that are morphologically and genetically isol ated within the tribe Cynodonteae. We present a molecular phylogeny using sequence data from seve n plastid markers ( ccsA, ndhA intron, ndhF, rpl32-trnL, rpoC2, rps16-trnK, and rps16 intron) and the nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed s pacer regions (ITS 1 & 2). Since Allolepis, Jouvea, Kalinia , and Sohnsia do not align within any of the 21 existing Cynodonteae subtribes, we describe Allolepiinae, Jouveinae, Kaliniinae , and Sohnsiinae as new. In addition, we provide descriptions, habitat, distribution , and comments for each subtribe.
Violence among Pharmacists and Their Assistants in The Community Pharmacies

Introduction: The staffs working in community pharmacies are at high risk of all forms of workplace violence. The studies investigating the prevalence or the psychological impacts of work related violence in community pharmacies are deficient. Aim of work: To estimate the period prevalence (last 12 months) of work-related violence, its types, associated factors and psychological effects among pharmacists/assistants in community pharmacies in Mansoura city. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional study was done in community pharmacies in Mansoura city. A total of 509 pharmacists/assistants completed the questionnaire. Data was collected using a questionnaire included personal and socio-demographic data, occupational history and history of exposure to any violent incident in the last 12 months. The questionnaire included details of the last violent incident and the subjective response to a violent event, using the Arabic version of the Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R). Results: The overall prevalence of exposure to any type of violence in the last 12 months was 34.6 %. The prevalence of verbal violence was higher than the prevalence of threat, physicalviolence and bullying (29.7% vs. 11.6%, 10.8% and 9.6%; respectively). The significant independent predictors of any form of workplace violence were the age group from 19 to 40 years, being assistant pharmacist , working in night shifts and having little or moderate/severe worrying about work related violence. Conclusion: The workplace violence was prevalent among working pharmacists / assistants in Mansoura city (in the last 12 months) and the verbal violence was the commonest type. About one third of those exposed to violence had clinically significant IES-R scores indicating havingpost-traumatic stress disorder.
EFFICIENCY OF THE USE OF YERBA MATE SOLAR RADIATION IN INTERCROPPING OR MONOCROPPING FOR THE ACCUMULATION OF CARBON

A eficiencia de conversao da radiacao solar e uma variavel frequentemente utilizada em modelos de simulacao do crescimento das culturas, pois a producao de biomassa, e consequentemente, o acumulo de carbono, estao relacionados com a eficiencia de conversao da energia radiante em quimica pela planta, atraves do processo da fotossintese. Dessa maneira, o objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar a eficiencia de conversao da radiacao solar fotossinteticamente ativa interceptada (RFAi) no acumulo de carbono na parte aerea de Ilex paraguariensis, em cultivo consorciado (Ilex paraguariensis A. St. Hil. e Pinus elliottii Engelm) e solteiro. A eficiencia de conversao da RFAi em carbono acumulado foi calculado a partir da relacao entre o acumulo de carbono e a RFAi envolvida. A maior eficiencia de conversao (eb) de radiacao solar fotossinteticamente ativa interceptada no acumulo de carbono na parte aerea em plantas de erva-mate e obtida no sistema de cultivo consorciado.