Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A quantitative survey on potential barriers to the use of modern contraception among married women of high parity attending an antenatal clinic in Kaduna, Northern Nigeria

Background: Nigeria has high maternal mortality ratios, and women of high parity are at higher risk of obstetric complications. Understanding barriers to the uptake of contraception is thus important. Methodology: A cross-sectional quantitative survey was done at the antenatal and postnatal clinics of Barau Dikko Teaching Hospital between September and December 2015. Questionnaires were administered to 400 married consenting women of high parity (five or more deliveries). The questionnaire extracted general and demographic information, history of contraception, and possible barriers to contraceptive uptake. Data were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software version 22. Descriptive analysis was done using frequencies, percentages, and cross-tabulation. Chi-square test was used as a test of association where relevant, and P< 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: About 353 questionnaires were retrieved; respondents were mainly aged between 30 and 39 years, educated up to secondary level, Hausa and Muslims, and homemakers or traders. Women had a mean parity of 7 deliveries and highest, 15. There was high level of awareness of contraception, adequate spousal communication, and approval but a perception of high risk and side effects with contraceptive use. Conclusion: Fear of side effects was a major barrier to contraceptive use. However, a window of opportunity exists because they would be willing to use contraception in future. Hence, specific and individualized contraceptive counseling and patient selection is needed, as well as further education of women.
Training in Systems Thinking and System Dynamics as an Effective Way to Tackle Complexity in the Management of Organisations

The biggest challenge for today’s organisations is to address the growing complexity of their internal and external environment while gaining a competitive advantage. To do this, the leaders of the organisations must be able to understand this complexity through the knowledge of the environment and the implementation of a governance system based on a decision-making process that considers the enormous amount of data available. Such data must lead to the availability of information that guides the organisations themselves in the learning process. Sustainable development requires organisations to rethink their goals and/or business models, with effects on their day-to-day activities. Pursuing to become more sustainable is not only a need for marketing reasons but also an opportunity for growth and alignment with emerging trends. However, managing the complexity of sustainability is not straightforward and requires cognitive and practical tools that are able to capture and jointly consider a wide variety of interrelated factors. Modelling the processes that characterise complex organisations is not an easy task. The aim of this contribution is thus to identify a methodology that helps managers in tackling the challenges that organisations have to adopt when faced with a growing complexity of their internal and external environment, and that might help managers at all levels when analysing various business and management situations, to account for non-linearities, path-dependency and time lags, and that may allow also for organisational and social learning. The study shows how the System Dynamics approach, identified as a methodology for modelling and simulation, is able to lead to the development of effective skills and strategic learning for the management of organisations and hence support the dynamic evaluations of strategies and performance. The System Thinking and System Dynamics approach may prove a useful combined tool for next-generation decision-makers, but this approach needs to be understood and learned in order to develop the necessary skills. In particular, this study will show the results of a test conducted with the collaboration of undergraduate university students, who have attended a course about System Dynamics, in order to test their ability to understand the dynamics underlying counterintuitive system behaviour.
Role of bone marrow biopsy in myeloproliferative neoplasm: study of 49 cases

The aim of the current study was to analyze the value of bone marrow biopsy and imprint smears in myeloproliferative neoplasm. Chronic myeloid leukemia is the most common leukemia amongst MPN as well as all acute and chronic adult leukemia. Diagnosis can be made on peripheral blood, bone marrow examination and molecular pathology findings. But in some cases bone marrow plays a very valuable role in the diagnosis. In the present study, bone marrow biopsies were re-examined in 49 patients with MPN. And it was found that BMB helped in 10 cases of MPN for making final diagnosis. DOI: 10.21276/AABS.1603
The hippocampal formation as a hierarchical generative model supporting generative replay and continual learning

We advance a novel computational theory of the hippocampal formation as a hierarchical generative model that organizes sequential experiences, such as rodent trajectories during spatial navigation, into coherent spatiotemporal contexts. We propose that the hippocampal generative model is endowed with inductive biases to identify individual items of experience (first hierarchical layer), organize them into sequences (second layer) and cluster them into maps (third layer). This theory entails a novel characterization of hippocampal reactivations as generative replay: the offline resampling of fictive sequences from the generative model, which supports the continual learning of multiple sequential experiences. We show that the model learns and efficiently retains multiple spatial navigation trajectories, by organizing them into spatial maps. Furthermore, the model reproduces flexible and prospective aspects of hippocampal dynamics that are challenging to explain within existing frameworks. This theory reconciles multiple roles of the hippocampal formation in map-based navigation, episodic memory and imagination.
GENERALIZATION STRATEGY OF LINEAR PATTERNS FROM FIELD-DEPENDENT COGNITIVE STYLE

Linear pattern is the primary material in learning number patterns in junior high schools, but there are still many students who fail to generalize the linear pattern. The students’ failure in generalizing the pattern occurred when the students ended to view the problems globally without breaking them into the constructors’ components such as the experience of field-dependent type students. For this reason, this study was carried out to explore the thinking process of students who fail and investigate the thinking processes of students who succeed in generalizing linear patterns. The results of this study provide an effective learning strategy solution for field-dependent students in generalizing linear patterns. This study employed a qualitative approach with a case study design to junior high school students. The results indicated that students in the field-dependent cognitive style looked at pattern questions represented in the form of geometric images globally without looking at the structure of the image. Two strategies for generalizing linear patterns used by field-dependent students were examined, namely recursive and different strategies.
An Investigation of Turkish Language and Turkish Language and Literature Teacher Candidates’ Critical Reading Self-efficacy (The Case of Mehmet Akif Ersoy University)

The basic purpose of native language teaching is ensuring that students develop their skills in four basic language skills at an adequate level. For this purpose, Turkish Language and Turkish language and literature teachers who work in different teaching levels, especially classroom teachers, have important duties. Reading, which is among basic language skills, is a comprehension ability for individuals to reach new information and improve themselves. The thing that is important in reading is combining new information with previous information, and making sense of new information through previously learned information. A good reader should be able to make evaluations about text in a critical manner, in other words, s/he should be able to read critically. Turkish Language and Turkish Language and Literature teachers, who have the responsibility of giving students reading skills in formal education institutions, must have improved critical reading skills. In this study, the purpose was to determine the critical reading self-efficacy levels of Turkish Language and Turkish Language and Literature teacher candidates through some variables. The study data were collected by using the “Critical Reading Self-Efficacy Scale”. The SPSS 21.00 Program was used to analyze the data. From the analysis of the data, it was found that Turkish Language and Turkish Language and Literature teacher candidates have moderate critical self-efficacy levels. It was also observed that the critical reading self-efficacy perceptions of teacher candidates do not change according to gender; however, the reading self-efficacy perceptions of Turkish Language teacher candidates were found to be higher than that of the Turkish Language and Literature teacher candidates. It was also concluded that the critical reading self-efficacy perceptions of the teacher candidates, who said that they had reading habits, were higher than the teacher candidates, who said that they did not have reading habits.
Actitudes y papel de los padres en la transmisión y en el aprendizaje del español como lengua minoritaria en dos tipos
 de enseñanza bilingüe en Finlandia

En este estudio se analiza, por un lado, el beneficio de ser bilingüe y, por otro, cómo las familias planifican este hecho y qué actitudes motivacionales (instrumentales o integrativas) llevan a los padres a inscribir a sus hijos en programas de enseñanza bilingüe. Los datos se han obtenido mediante cuestionarios y entrevistas a los padres de alumnos de dos tipos de programas bilingües finés-español en Finlandia. El análisis muestra el papel destacado de la madre en el mantenimiento y aprendizaje de la lengua minoritaria incluso cuando no es su lengua nativa, así como el papel del padre y subraya, además, cómo los matrimonios mixtos facilitan el proceso de aprendizaje de la lengua minoritaria. Los resultados describen un patrón determinado de familia y el uso de la lengua minoritaria en el hogar.
Probabilistic model for time to cover cracking due to corrosion

The time to cover cracking is widely used as a service life indicator in the assessment of deterioration of corrosion‐affected reinforced concrete structures. This paper presents a general probabilistic procedure for prediction of time to cover cracking. Within this procedure, the response surface method (RSM) is employed to calibrate a new model for calculating of radial displacement required for cover cracking based on the results obtained from the finite element (FE) analysis. By taking advantage of the central limit theorem (CLT), simple but accurate probabilistic models for prediction of time to cover cracking that only rely on the knowledge of first and second moments of basic random variables are derived. Rigorous simulation analysis has proved the accuracy of these models. It is shown in the paper that using this probabilistic procedure, factors affecting randomness of time to cover cracking can be easily identified. It is also shown that the time to cover cracking is highly variable with the concrete cover, tensile strength of concrete, corrosion current density, and the model error as the most influential factors on its randomness.
Emergency Departments and Care for Marginalized Populations

EMERGENCY DEPARTMENTS AND CARE FOR MARGINALIZED POPULATIONS Irvin B. Harrell Old Dominion University, 2019 Director: Dr. Michael J. Allen Healthcare providers in emergency departments (EDs) face a daunting daily task: providing health care in a triage setting to a diverse group of patients many with complex medical issues. Many patients rely on ED services out of financial necessity, when their healthcare issues could be better suited for care from a primary care physician. Many of these already vulnerable patients – minorities, those health illiterate, low-income, uninsured and those with language barriers – must also deal with ED overcrowding and staffing conditions. In some cases, patients leave without being seen while others face bed shortages. This study explores healthcare provider experiences and highlights some of the challenges of health care in the ED. This study also provides insight into possible interventions designed to better address the needs of ED patients. Through the use of a questionnaire, this study relays the experiences of 27 professionals who have worked in EDs the Hampton Roads area. While heart attacks, breathing problems, and trauma comprise the most common diagnoses and treatments cited by questionnaire respondents, this study found that overcrowding, long wait times, and staffing shortages were the biggest challenges that regional ED staffs faced. Caregivers surveyed in the study suggested that increased staffing, more beds, better transportation and more diligence in following up with patients could improve conditions in emergency departments.
Topographic Lectin Mapping of the Epithelial Cell Surface in Normal Intestine and Celiac Disease

The etiology and pathogenesis of celiac disease remains obscure but remains the focus of intense research investigation. It is generally believed to be an immune-mediated small intestinal mucosal disorder that can cause diarrhea, impaired nutrient assimilation and weight loss. A key component in this process occurs at the intestinal epithelial cell surface that is closely associated with the luminal intestinal microbiome. Here, epithelial membrane glycoproteins and glycolipids are present along with adsorbed molecules that permit interaction with the intestinal microbiome. In recent years, use of specific sugar residue seeking proteins, lectins, that can be found in the diet have been employed topographically to map the small intestinal cell surface and goblet cell secretory mucins to further elucidate the structure and function of this tissue. Evidence has accumulated to indicate that this microenvironment may be critically important in further understanding the etiology and pathogenesis of celiac disease and other sprue-like intestinal disorders.
Effect of Boron Nitride Nanosheets on Properties of a Commercial Epoxy Molding Compound Used in Fan-Out Wafer-Level Packaging

In this article, the effect of incorporating boron nitride nanosheets (represented as BNNSs in this article) in a commercial epoxy molding compound (EMC) that has been used in the fan-out wafer-level packaging (FOWLP) is investigated. The BNNSs were produced by exfoliating hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) in water and were incorporated in EMC without any surface modification. BNNS-reinforced EMCs were prepared by adding various concentrations of BNNSs in the pristine EMC, followed by thermal curing. The characterization of nanocomposite samples implies that the epoxy-hardener reaction is not significantly affected by the presence of BNNSs. Surprisingly, EMCs containing low concentrations of BNNSs showed better thermal stability and thermomechanical properties when compared to the pristine EMC. Meanwhile, a sample with the highest concentration of BNNSs performed poorly, which could be due to the BNNS agglomeration and filler/polymer phase separation. This method is a simple and inexpensive way to alter the mechanical properties of commercial EMCs. The tunability of material properties is foreseen to broaden the materials of choice for FOWLP, support product customization, and tackle the warpage issue in FOWLP from the material engineering perspective.
SYNTHESIS, CHARACTERIZATION AND EVALUATION OF THE HETEROGENEOUS BASIC CATALYST DAPTS-MCM-41 IN THE INTERESTERIFICATION REACTION OF PALM OIL AND PALM KERNEL OIL BLENDS

In recent years, the replacement of homogeneous catalysts by heterogeneous catalysts has been investigated as a sustainable alternative technology to obtain different products. In this context, this study investigated the activity of the heterogeneous catalyst DAPTS-MCM-41, obtained from the reaction between the MCM-41 molecular sieve and an organic base 3-ethylenediamine (trimethoxy) propyl silane (DAPTS) in the interesterification reaction of palm oil and palm kernel oil blends. The catalyst was characterized by infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and textural analysis (ASAP). The interesterified blends were evaluated by fatty acid profiles (FAME) and solid fat content (SFC). The significant changes observed in the solid fat contents of the blends before and after interesterification led to changes in physical properties due the random distribution of acyl groups on glycerol positions. No undesirable reactions such as degradation and trans isomer formation occurred since the fatty acid composition of the blends remained constant.
The relationship of language and attention in elders with nonfluent aphasia

Abstract Background: Researchers have questioned whether aphasia coincides with deficiencies in the non-linguistic executive functions needed to coordinate cognitive-linguistic skills. Attention, an important component of executive function, may be compromised in the presence of aphasia. The relationship of attention to recovery of functional language skills in aphasia requires additional investigation. Aims: This exploratory multiple case comparison investigated whether a measurable weakness in attention is present in elderly persons with nonfluent aphasia and whether there is a trend for these measures that coincides with the severity of the nonfluent aphasia. Methods and procedures: Three female and five male participants, ages 57–79 with nonfluent aphasia, completed tests of language and attention: the Western Aphasia Battery Bedside Screener-Revised, the Test of Everyday Attention, the Cognitive Linguistic Quick Test, and the Leiter International Performance Scale-Revised. Outcomes and results: All participants demonstrated deficits in language and attention to varying degrees. Overall, the data did not establish a trend between measures of language and attention. The degree to which participants’ attentional skills were affected was not consistently related to their severity of aphasia. Each participant demonstrated unique strengths and weaknesses. For two participants, language was a strength in relation to attention. For three participants, attention was a strength in relation to language. Three participants did not demonstrate a relative strength in either language or attention. Conclusions: This report concludes with multiple case comparisons that describe each participant’s performance in detail. Implications for diagnosis and treatment arise from these case interpretations. Clinicians need to consider the how attention may be uniquely affected in each person with nonfluent aphasia. Limited attentional skills present a possible barrier to rehabilitation. Attention is integral to learning and for responsiveness to interventions, and lesser attentional skills may inhibit a person’s ability to respond to interventions geared toward recovery of language skills. Knowledge of the attentional skills of persons with nonfluent aphasia may allow clinicians to capitalize on strengths and rehabilitate weaknesses.
Identifying United States and Territory Education Requirements for ChildhoodVaccination Exemptions

Background: Children are required by law to receive vaccinations to enter school. States and territories offer exemptions for parents who refuse to vaccinate their children. Types of exemptions vary by state or territory, as does the exemption filing process. The purpose of this research was to identify the various education-related processes implemented by states and territories which allow parents to exempt children from vaccinations. Methods: A questionnaire was distributed to immunization program managers in the 50 United States, District of Columbia, the United States Indian Health Service, and eight United States territories. Managers reported vaccination requirements for their jurisdiction (collectively referred to as "state"). Education-related questions identified which states required parents to: 1) read and sign a vaccination risk/benefit statement prior to exemption; 2) complete mandatory vaccine education before obtaining vaccination exemption; 3) complete education within a certain time period before school admission. Additionally, states were asked how parental vaccine education was regulated. Results: A parent-signed risk/benefit statement was required by 25 states for religious exemptions, 12 states for personal exemptions, 10 states for medical exemptions, and 1 state for temporary medical exemptions. Thirteen states required mandatory parental vaccine education prior to obtaining an exemption. For states that mandated parental vaccine education prior to exemption, the education was most commonly regulated by statute, verses administrative rule or school policy. Conclusions: Vaccine education requirements and the process for providing this education to parents seeking immunization exemptions vary greatly between the states. More research is needed to fully understand the impact of the education requirement on exemption rates. Familiarity with and effectiveness of various state vaccine education requirements may aid policymakers who are considering enacting mandatory vaccine education in their state.
Citrate Vs. Heparin For Anticoagulation In Continuous Venovenous Hemofiltration: A Prospective Randomized Study.

This study was a single-centre, prospective, non-blinded, randomised crossover trial of citrate vs. heparin in continuous venovenous haemofiltration (CVVH). The study group comprised vasopressor dependent, mechanically ventilated patients who developed acute renal failure and required continuous renal replacement therapy. CVVH was chosen in preference to daily dialysis in these patients because of haemodynamic instability. Exclusion criteria included those with a high risk of bleeding (recent surgery, severe coagulopathy and liver cirrhosis).
Structural Equation Modelling Using AMOS: Confirmatory Factor Analysis for Taskload of Special Education Integration Program Teachers

This study explores the factors leading to the onset of task load among teachers of Special Education Integration Program. As we know, task load is an important issue among special education teachers in general and teachers of Special Education Integration Program in particular. This issue has been going on for a long time. Some studies have found that there are a number of factors that influence the task load of teachers of Special Education Integration Program, including leadership issues at school, working conditions, work intensity and also resources or facilities. In this study, a fully quantitative approach is used to determine factors in the task load of teachers of Special Education Integration Program. The questionnaire was distributed online using the Google form platform to randomly collect data from 400 respondents across Malaysia. The data obtained were then analysed using Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) using AMOS 21 application. Confirmatory Factor Analysis was performed to obtain factor loading for each element obtained namely work type, work environment and time. The analysis results show that the two factors reflect the appropriate fit and meet all the criteria for validation. While the work type factor does not show compatibility. There have been several domestic and overseas studies examining the factors of special education teacher loading, but the application of the SEM analysis approach using AMOS is still underdeveloped. Therefore, the findings of this study can further confirm previous findings on this issue.