Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Traumatic Tympanic Membrane Perforation in Tertiary Health Institution

Background: Traumatic tympanic membrane perforation is a common otologic disorder with associated hearing impairment. Objective: This study aimed at determining the clinico-epidemiological pattern, etiological factors, clinical presentation and management of traumatic tympanic membrane perforation in a Tertiary institution in Nigeria. Materials and Methods: This was a prospective hospital based study of patients with history of traumatic perforated of tympanic membrane. The study was carried out over a period of 5 years (September 2012 to August 2017). A study proforma was used to obtain detailed history and clinical findings from consenting patients. Data collected were collated and analyzed using SPSS version 16.0. Results: Prevalence of traumatic tympanic membrane perforation in this study was 2.1%. There were 65.5% males and 34.5% females with a male to female ratio of 2:1. The common presenting symptoms among the patients were hearing impairment in 68.3%, otalgia in 62.7% and tinnitus in 61.3%. Slap on the ear was the commonest cause of traumatic tympanic membrane perforation in 43.7% of the patients followed by self-ear cleaning in 16.9%. Commonest causes of slap in this study were 15.5% from security agent, 12.7% from seniors/boss while 9.9 % are from spouses. Unilateral traumatic perforation was more common in 97.9% than bilateral in 2.1%. The left ear traumatic perforation was more common than right ear tympanic perforation as 53.5% and 44.4% respectively. Grade 2 in 39.4% was the commonest perforation. Majority of the traumatic perforation were 40.8% central and 33.8% anterior central. Commonest comorbid injuries were subconjunctival hemorrhage in 16.2% and fracture temporal bone in 13.8%. Conductive hearing impairment in 69.7% and sensorineural hearing impairment in 17.6% were the commonest type of hearing impairment in our patients. Commonest degrees of hearing impairment were mild and moderate which accounted for 47.9% and 26.8% respectively. Commonest complications of traumatic tympanic membrane perforation were 68.3% hearing impairment and 26.1% tinnitus. Majority (73.9%) of the patients had conservative/medical therapy and 74.6% traumatic perforation healed at the end of 3 months. Conclusion: Traumatic perforation arises mainly from direct injuries in this study. The patients tend to present with hearing loss and unilateral involvement is the most common. There is the need to educate the public on the dangers of intentional trauma to the ear To cite this article [Adegbiji, W. A. , Olajide, G. T. , Olajuyin, O. A. , Olatoke, F. , Alabi, S. A. & Nwawolo C. C. (2018). Traumatic Tympanic Membrane Perforation in Tertiary Health Institution. The Journal of Middle East and North Africa Sciences, 4(01), 8-14]. (P-ISSN 24129763) (e-ISSN 2412-8937). www.jomenas. org. 2
Complementary Feeding Practices amongst Children Aged 6-18 Months in Tribal Parts of Maharashtra, India - Requires to be Complemented Aptly

Aim: The present study was carried out to document the complementary feeding practices in the view of understanding reasons of delayed or deficient practices in children aged six-18 months, from tribal regions of Maharashtra. Study Design: This was a descriptive, cross sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: This study was conducted during February 2015October 2015 in selected blocks from three tribal districts of Maharashtra viz: Amravati, Gadchiroli and Nandurbar. Methodology: In each study village, five children in the age group of 6 to18 months were selected using systematic random sampling from anganwadi register and mothers of these children were interviewed. A total of 75 mothers were interviewed. Data entry and statistical analysis were performed using the Microsoft Excel and SPSS. Percentages and cumulative Short Research Article Marathe and Yakkundi; IJTDH, 23(1): 1-6, 2017; Article no.IJTDH. 32906 2 percentages were used to present the results. Results: Majority of children (65%) were introduced to top feeding around six-seven months, which is a recommended age for initiation of top feeding. While in one fifth of cases (20%) delayed top feeding was observed. Delayed commencement of top feeding was found to be mainly associated with mothers own beliefs, misconceptions and in some cases child’s sickness, unwillingness of child for eating, lack of knowledge with mothers regarding initiation of top feeding. Only 13.3% of children were fed minimum number of times as per WHO and UNICEF indicators. Fruits were totally missing in the diet. Instead, junk food was offered to more than half of the children while 14 children were given tea! Conclusion: The overall picture indicates that although a majority of mothers were unaware regarding appropriate feeding practices for meeting the child’s nutritional requirements. Top feeding practices are found to be deficient in terms of under feeding and lack of nutritionally balanced diet in the studied children.
Whatsappsport: Using Whatsapp While Viewing Sports Events

Viewing sports events was always qualitatively different from the viewing experience of other genres. The social experience and emotional investment of sports viewers created unique viewing habits, in which second screens and social media effectively extend the experience of the millions of concurrent sports viewers wishing to share their feelings with each other. The enormous popularity of Whatsapp groups in recent years, and especially sports-focused groups, has made this app an integral element in event viewing, and created a unique viewing dynamic. This study analyzes the discourse in Whatsapp sports groups in Israel as its members view the 2018 World Cup soccer games, in an effort to identify the new role of second screens during sports broadcasts. An analysis of group messages shared by Whatsapp sports groups whose members cover a diverse range of ages and geographic locations basically shows that, in contrast to other media genres in which second screening is not necessarily related to the content broadcast on the primary screen, sports fans demonstrate an absolute commitment to the primary broadcast when second screening. On a deeper level, this study identified four main functions of Whatsapp groups during sports broadcasts: a social agent that supervises and controls the nature and quality of the primary screen broadcast, the generator of discourse that extols viewers’ expertise and effectively challenges traditional sport hierarchies, an active role in game management as fans attempt to influence game outcomes, and a means for extending fans’ celebrations of victory beyond the boundaries of the game.
Gamer perception of endorsements from Fortnite Streamers on YouTube

This paper explores gamers’ perceptions of Fortnite streamers’ YouTube videos specifically exploring how players perceive Fortnite streamers as influencers and how these internal perceptions shape their experience of the streamers’ videos and their own gameplay. In-depth semi-structured interviews were conducted revealing that streamers are, first, perceived as entertainers by showcasing high-level gameplay. Gamers consume this content because it is perceived as fun, relaxing, and an engaging way to learn. Streamers are, second, an inspiration to play by inspiring competition, collaboration, curiosity and commitment in gamers through their expertise in showcasing the game. Finally, gamers perceive streamers as endorsers through their videos as skins are perceived as giving social status, the battle pass is perceived to provide rewards, and new game mechanics are promoted.
Dense GNSS Profiles Across the Northwestern Tip of the India‐Asia Collision Zone: Triggered Slip and Westward Flow of the Peter the First Range, Pamir, Into the Tajik Depression

At the northwestern tip of the India‐Asia collision zone, the Pamir orocline overrides the Tajik Depression and the Tarim Basin and collides with the Tian Shan. Currently, the Pamir's northern edge exhibits localized shortening rates of 13–19 mm/yr. While the eastern Pamir and the Tarim Basin move northward nearly en block, north‐south shortening decreases westward along the Pamir front into the Tajik Depression. In the northeastern Tajik Depression, the wedge‐shaped crustal sliver of the Peter the First Range is squeezed between the dextral‐transpressive Vakhsh and the sinistral‐transpressive Darvaz faults. Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) data collected along two densely surveyed profiles detail the kinematics of north‐south shortening and westward lateral extrusion in the northwestern Pamir. The 2016 campaign data suggest a short‐duration dextral‐slip activation of the Darvaz fault, which we interpret as a far‐field effect triggered by the 2015, Mw7.2 Sarez, Central Pamir earthquake. 2013–2015 interseismic GNSS velocities and kinematic modeling show that the Darvaz fault zone accommodates ~15 mm/yr sinistral shear and ~10 mm/yr fault‐normal extension below a locking depth of 9.0 + 0.4/−1.1 km. The Vakhsh fault shows shortening rates of 15 + 4/−2 mm/yr and dextral shear rates of 16 ±3 mm/yr. Jointly, these faults accommodate NW‐SE shortening and southwestward material flow out of the Peter the First Range into the Tajik Depression. Together with seismic and geologic data, our and published geodetic surveys showcase the prolonged interaction of shortening and lateral material flow out of a plateau margin.
Comportamento ingestivo de novilhas de corte em pastagem de sorgo forrageiro implantada com diferentes arranjos populacionais

RESUMO O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar os efeitos da implantação de pastagem de sorgo forrageiro com diferentes arranjos populacionais no comportamento animal e na estrutura do pasto e de suas relações. Os tratamentos foram a combinação de dois espaçamentos entrelinhas e duas densidades de sementes ha-1, sendo 22 ou 44cm entrelinhas e 12 ou 24kg de sementes ha-1. Foram utilizadas 36 novilhas, com idade e peso corporal inicial de 15 meses e 262kg, respectivamente. Os tratamentos E44D24 e E22D12 apresentaram maior tempo de pastejo (469,33 e 467,78 minutos, respectivamente). Os animais do tratamento E44D24 apresentaram menor taxa de bocado (23,99 bocados minuto-1) em relação ao tratamento E22D24 (32,45 bocados minuto-1). Os animais do tratamento E44D12 apresentaram maior número de estações alimentares minuto-1 (9,21) e maior taxa de deslocamento (11,76 passos minuto-1). O espaçamento entrelinhas de plantio de 22cm aumenta o número de bocados estação-1. O aumento na densidade de sementes (24kg ha-1) e a utilização de maiores espaçamentos entrelinhas de plantio aumentam a densidade de folhas nos estratos inferior (0-30cm) e superior (acima de 60cm) do pasto. Os tratamentos E44D12 e E22D24 apresentaram maiores quantidades de colmos no estrato superior do pasto.
Blastocystis spp. subtype 10 infected beef cattle in Kamal and Socah, Bangkalan, Madura, Indonesia

Background and Aim: Blastocystis spp. is a gastrointestinal parasite that can infect both humans and animals and has the potential to become a zoonotic parasite. This study analyzed a subtype (ST) of Blastocystis spp. that had infected beef cattle in Kamal and Socah, Bangkalan, Madura, Indonesia. Materials and Methods: Fresh stool samples were collected from 108 beef cattle at Kamal and Socah, Bangkalan, Madura, Indonesia. Blastocystis spp. were detected both morphologically and genetically based on the 18S rRNA gene. The morphology of Blastocystis spp. from the stool samples and cultured samples were observed under a light microscope. Blastocystis spp. from 20 positive cultures were amplified through polymerase chain reaction, and the resultant sequences were identified by ST. Results: One hundred and eight (100%) fecal samples from the fresh or cultured stools were positive morphologically for Blastocystis spp. Molecularly, all 20 of the samples selected for DNA analysis were found to be Blastocystis spp. ST 10. Conclusion: Based on morphological and molecular detection, the prevalence of Blastocystis spp. infection in beef cattle within Kamal and Socah, Bangkalan, Madura, Indonesia, was high. About 100% were non-zoonotic parasites. This was the first report of Blastocystis spp. ST 10 found in infected beef cattle in Kamal and Socah, Bangkalan, Madura, Indonesia.
Reflections on niches and numbers

387 –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– © 2019 The Authors. Ecography published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Nordic Society Oikos This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Subject Editor: Robert P. Anderson Editor-in-Chief: Miguel Araújo Accepted 19 October 2019 43: 387–390, 2020 doi: 10.1111/ecog.04828 doi: 10.1111/ecog.04828 43 387–390
Drug resistance patterns among pulmonary tuberculosis patients in a tertiary care hospital in northern Karnataka

Background: Resistance to anti-tuberculosis (anti-TB) drugs is becoming a major and alarming threat in most regions worldwide and India ranks second in the world in harboring multi-drug resistant cases (MDR)-TB. The study was carried out to evaluate the drug resistance pattern to first-line anti-TB drugs in Northern Karnataka. Materials and Methods: A prospective study was conducted at a tertiary care hospital between January 2011 and June 2012. A total of 110 sputum samples were examined for the acid-fast bacilli (AFB) culture. A total of 48 AFB culture-positive samples were subjected for AFB drug sensitivity testing (DST). DST was done for isoniazid (INH), rifampicin (RIF), pyrazinamide (PZA), ethambutol and streptomycin (SM) after isolation by using the resistance proportion method. Results: Of the 48 AFB culture positive specimens, 12 (25.0%) cases were sensitive to all the five drugs while 36 (75.0%) cases showed resistance to one or more drugs. Among these, the resistance to RIF was highest (91.9%), while resistance to SM, INH, PZA and ETB was observed in 72.2%, 72.2%, 63.9% and 52.8%, respectively. The resistance to all five drugs was highest (41.7%), while MDR isolates were obtained in 69.4% of the cases. Illiteracy, low socio economic status, previous history of TB and alcoholism were found to have statistically significant association for the development of MDR. Conclusions: The proportion of drug resistance in the present study was 75.0% and MDR was present in 69.4% of cases. Therefore during initiation of new case, proper explaining and completion of the treatment is very important to avoid the development of future drug resistance in pulmonary TB patients.
Complex Pathophysiology of Pulmonary Hypertension Associated with Systemic Sclerosis: Potential Unfavorable Effects of Vasodilators

Therapeutic advance by pulmonary vasodilators has provided huge impacts on prognosis in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), but outcomes of systemic sclerosis (SSc)-associated PAH still remain unsatisfactory. One of the major reasons is a series of potential unfavorable effects triggered by pulmonary vasodilators, which result from the complex pathophysiology of SSc-PAH. We herein present and discuss five representative conditions potentially induced by pulmonary vasodilators, including (i) emergence of latent pulmonary veno-occlusive disease, (ii) emergence of latent left-heart disease, (iii) worsening of pulmonary gas change in the presence of interstitial lung disease, (iv) ischemic limb gangrene by stealing of blood flow, and (v) uncontrolled hemorrhage from gastrointestinal telangiectasia. The former three conditions are common causes for worsening of dyspnea or oxygenation during treatment with pulmonary vasodilators, whereas the latter two are rare, but have significant negative impacts on patients’ quality of life and survival. These unfavorable conditions are pitfalls in clinical practice, and interfere with optimizing therapies in patients with SSc-PAH. Therefore, pre-assessment of pathophysiology of pulmonary hypertension and cautious monitoring during the treatment are necessary to achieve better outcomes in patients with SSc-PAH.
Coronary Artery Diseases in South Asian Immigrants: Philosophy behind HDL Function

Even though coronary artery disease (CAD) event rates have decreased by 50% in the US over the past 30 years, CAD still is #1 killer in both developed and developing world [1]. Moreover, CAD is a complex, multi-factorial disease. It involves multiple pathophysiologic processes including inflammation, cellular proliferation, lipid metabolism, hypertension, hyperglycemia, coagulation, and oxidation, all of which interact and each of which involves multiple genetic and environmental factors. Epidemiologic studies of ethnic minorities in general and South Asian immigrants (SAIs) in particular in developed countries have documented markedly increased rates of CAD and CAD mortality compared to whites [2]. South Asians residing in urban environments in the Indian subcontinent also show increased CAD prevalence [3,4]. Compared to Caucasians and other ethnic groups, CAD presents at younger ages in SAIs, with more diffuse and aggressive disease, and more deaths [5]. Other groups that migrate to developed areas also show increased rates of CAD and CAD mortality but the increases in SAIs exceed them in both prevalence and severity [3]. Differences in CAD outcomes between SAIs in the US and South Asians in India show that migration adversely affects established CAD risk factors and may even reveal new ones [6]. For example, the prevalence of dyslipidemia and type 2 diabetes (T2D) among SAIs has been increasing over the past decade [7].
POTENTIAL DRUG INTERACTIONS IN HYPERTENSIVE PATIENTS IN LIWA DISTRICT HOSPITAL, LAMPUNG BARAT, INDONESIA

Objective: Patients with hypertension often suffer from other comorbidities, resulting in prescriptions of multiple drugs to treat the conditions. Multiple drug treatment is potentially associated with drug interactions. This aim of the study was to assess potential drug interactions in hypertensive patients in Liwa District Hospital. Methods: The design of the study was cross-sectional. The prescriptions for in-patients with essential hypertension in the Internal Medicine Unit in Liwa District Hospital during April-December 2012 were collected. Potential drug interactions were analyzed with the Drug Interaction Facts version 4.0, and classified into minor, significant, and serious. Results: A total of 60 hypertensive patients were included. They were prescribed 265 prescriptions, with a median total of 6 (range 1-21) drugs prescribed per prescription. There were 1616 potential drug interactions, with 6 (1-31) potential interactions per prescription. Most interactions (75.6%) were classified as significant. Serious potential interactions were most common in the combinations of diltiazem-amlodipine and spironolactone-potassium chloride, while significant potential interaction may occur most often with the combinations of calcium chloride-amlodipine and bisoprolol-amlodipine. Conclusion: Numerous potential drug interactions might occur in hypertensive patients, and most interactions were significant in severity. The largest proportion of the interactions occurred between antihypertensive agents and other drugs.
A study on nutritional status of adolescent girls of Dongria Kondh tribe

Background: Nutritional status of adolescent girls are different from the younger children and older adults. In the tribal population they are more neglected in comparison to boys because of limited resources and health care facilities. In the present study we have done assessment of nutritional status of adolescent girls in the Dongria Kondh tribe in Odisha. Methods: Dongria Kondh’ residing in Rayagada district of Odisha, having its maximum concentration was studied. Bissam Cuttack block was selected randomly as the study area. Moreover, coincidently majority of the study population resided in the block having villages like Kurli, Khambesi, Hundijali, Muthesi, Khajuri, Mundabali and Uppar Gandatallli which are situated as a distance of 5000 ft height above sea level. 89 adolescent girls were considered to assess the nutritional status of tribal adolescent girls of Dongria Kondh tribe to study the different factors associated with the nutritional status of the girls and to suggest remedial measures for integrated development of the adolescent girls. Results: Most of the girls (81%) were from nuclear family. All girls belonged to low socio economic status. The energy intake was adequate only in 35% of study subjects. The protein intake was adequate in only 38% of study subjects. The common types of food consumed was rice, ragi and seasonal fruits and all were non vegetarian. Conclusions: The widespread problem of poverty, illiteracy, malnutrition, absence of sanitary living condition, ignorance of cause of disease still are the contributing factors for the deplorable condition prevailing amongst the adolescent girls of the tribal group. As they are future mothers, improvement of nutritional status should be the primary objective.
Restoring the fire–grazing interaction promotes tree–grass coexistence by controlling woody encroachment

Woody encroachment can convert grasslands and savannas to shrublands and woodlands, so understanding the processes which regulate woody encroachment is necessary to conserve or restore these ecosystems. We hypothesized that recreating the fire–grazing interaction would limit woody encroachment because focal grazing increases fuel accumulation on unburned areas and increases browsing on emergent woody plants in burned areas. This study was conducted in the Grand River Grasslands of Iowa and Missouri (USA) on 11 sites (15.4–35.0 ha). Each site was assigned to one treatment: patch-burn-graze (n = 4), with spatially discrete prescribed fires and free access by cattle (the fire–grazing interaction); graze-andburn (n = 4), with free access by cattle and one burn of the entire site every 3 yr; or burn-only (n = 3), with one site-wide burn every 3–5 yr and no grazing. The burn-only treatment increased woody encroachment fourfold compared to the graze-and-burn and patch-burn-graze treatments (130.2, standard error [SE] = 16.0; 20.9, SE = 12.0; and 46.3, SE = 10.8; plants/200 m). The patch-burn-graze treatment had 2– 3 cm more accumulated fuel and woody plants which were 12% shorter, on average, than the other treatments (comparing eight common species). The movement of large herbivores also appeared to decrease the frequency of woody species which spread vegetatively. Our work illustrates how the fire–grazing interaction may control woody encroachment and shows that cattle substitute, at least partially, for endemic
Impact Evaluation of Genotypes and Fertility Levels on Quality Traits, Nutrient Uptake, Yield and Economics of Single-Cut Fodder Sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench]

India is the largest livestock economy as it supports 512.05 million of livestock animals which is almost 17 per cent of world’s livestock population (Anonymous, 2014). According to the 19th Livestock Census, India has vast resource of livestock comprising about 300 million bovines, 65.1 million sheep, 135.2 million goats and 10.3 million pigs. Livestock farming in India is part of a composite farming system characterized by crop-livestock interactions (Economic Survey, 2018-19). The livestock sector contributes Rs. 975739 crore to the annual revenue i. e. 9.3 per cent of total gross value added to agricultural sector (Anonymous, 2017). Grazing pastures are the major source of livestock feeding because forages are the major as well as important content of animal feed and the backbone of livestock industry. There is tremendous pressure of Impact Evaluation of Genotypes and Fertility Levels on Quality Traits, Nutrient Uptake, Yield and Economics of Single-Cut Fodder Sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench]