Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Association Between Accreditation Era, North American Pharmacist Licensure Examination Testing Changes, and First-Time Pass Rates

Objective. To estimate whether first-time pass rates on the North American Pharmacist Licensure Examination (NAPLEX) have been influenced by the number of pharmacy programs founded since 2000, the programs’ accreditation era, and the changes to the blueprint as well as changes to the testing conditions and passing standards implemented by the National Association of Boards of Pharmacy (NABP) beginning in 2015. Methods. This was a retrospective, observational cohort study using publicly published data. The number of programs and pass rates were collected from 2008 to 2020. Programs reporting pass rates from 2016 to 2020 were eligible. Accreditation era was defined as programs accredited before or after 2000. Pass rates were categorized into NAPLEX tests administered before or after 2015. Statistical analyses were conducted for comparisons. Results. Pass rates were initially found to decline as the number of programs rose. First-time pass rates of programs accredited before 2000 were higher than pass rates of programs accredited after 2000 every year after 2011. Only 40% of the programs accredited after 2000 exceeded the national average between 2016-2020. Blueprint changes implemented in 2015 and the changes to testing conditions plus passing standards implemented in 2016 had a greater effect on pass rates than the number of programs or applicants. Conclusion. Programs accredited after 2000 generally had lower first-time NAPLEX pass rates. Even so, blueprint changes and changes to the testing conditions plus passing standards instituted by the NABP were more important predictors of the decline of first-time NAPLEX pass rates. Stakeholders should collaborate and embrace best practices for assessing practice-ready competency for licensure.
Inhibition of mPGES‐2 ameliorates NASH by activating NR1D1 via heme

Background and Aims: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), a complex metabolic syndrome, has limited therapeutic options. Microsomal prostaglandin E synthase‐2 (mPGES‐2) was originally discovered as a prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) synthase; however, it does not produce PGE2 in the liver. Moreover, the role of mPGES‐2 in NAFLD remains undefined. Herein, we aimed to determine the function and mechanism of mPGES‐2 in liver steatosis and steatohepatitis. Approach and Results: To evaluate the role of mPGES‐2 in NAFLD, whole‐body or hepatocyte‐specific mPGES‐2–deficient mice fed a high‐fat or methionine‐choline‐deficient diet were used. Compared with control mice, mPGES‐2–deficient mice showed reduced hepatic lipid accumulation, along with ameliorated liver injury, inflammation, and fibrosis. Furthermore, the protective effect of mPGES‐2 deficiency against NAFLD was dependent on decreased cytochrome P450 4A14 and increased acyl‐CoA thioesterase 4 levels regulated by the heme receptor nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group D member 1 (NR1D1), but not PGE2. Heme regulated the increased NR1D1 activity mediated by mPGES‐2 deficiency. Further, we confirmed the protective role of the mPGES‐2 inhibitor SZ0232 in NAFLD therapy. Conclusion: Our study indicates the pathogenic role of mPGES‐2 and outlines the mechanism in mediating NAFLD, thereby highlighting the therapeutic potential of mPGES‐2 inhibition in liver steatosis and steatohepatitis.
BizDev Teams in Agile Software Development

Coordination is an important but challenging success factor in large-scale software development. Large-scale is particularly demanding because it involves several teams, and therefore we chose to study coordination between teams. Our aim of this case study was to investigate inter-team coordination mechanisms. By using an established framework from the field of sociology, we found eleven di↵erent coordination mechanisms that we mapped into the five di↵erent categories. We interviewed four project members and observed 26 meetings in three di↵erent teams as part of a larger digitization project. Our results show that even though there are many impersonal mechanisms in the form of various guidelines and rules, the most important mechanism seem to be ad-hoc conversations between two or more project members. The large-scale project had many regularly scheduled meetings. However, the majority of these meetings tended to be, to a greater extent, about reporting status and not about coordinating work. The scheduled meeting that was the most time-consuming, and also involved little coordination, was the daily stand-up meeting with two teams. Future work should investigate how to increase the value of daily standup meetings in large-scale programs, and whether the meetings can be organized in a way that enables more inter-team coordination.
MA‐cont:pre/post effect size: An interactive tool for the meta‐analysis of continuous outcomes using R Shiny

Meta‐analysis is a widely used methodology to combine evidence from different sources examining a common research phenomenon, to obtain a quantitative summary of the studied phenomenon. In the medical field, multiple studies investigate the effectiveness of new treatments and meta‐analysis is largely performed to generate the summary (average) treatment effect. In the meta‐analysis of aggregate continuous outcomes measured in a pretest‐posttest design using differences in means as the effect measure, a plethora of methods exist: analysis of final (follow‐up) scores, analysis of change scores and analysis of covariance. Specialised and general‐purpose statistical software is used to apply the various methods, yet, often the choice among them depends on data availability and statistical affinity. We present a new web‐based tool, MA‐cont:pre/post effect size, to conduct meta‐analysis of continuous data assessed pre‐ and post‐treatment using the aforementioned approaches on aggregate data and a more flexible approach of generating and analysing pseudo individual participant data. The interactive web environment, available by R Shiny, is used to create this free‐to‐use statistical tool, requiring no programming skills by the users. A basic statistical understanding of the methods running in the background is a prerequisite and we encourage the users to seek advice from technical experts when necessary.
An integral equation program for the planar Laplace equation

AnintegralequationprogramfortheplanarLaplaceY. JeonK.E. AtkinsonJuly 22,1994AbstractInthispap er,weexplaintosubroutines,DRCHLTandNEUMAN.ThesubroutineDRCHLT solves the interior and exterior Dirichlet problem, and the subroutine NEUMANsolvestheinteriorandexteriorNeumann problem.Foranumericalmetho d,weuseNystrom metho d, and convergence of arbitrary high order is observed when b oundary dataare analytic. The Kelvin transformation is intro duced to solve the exterior Dirichlet problemand the interior Neumann problem.1Intro ductionConsider the solution of Laplace's equation,u(X) = 0;2oru(X) = 0;2R2=with a simply connected region inR2with the smo oth b oundary . In this pap er we describ etwo subroutines, DRCHLT and NEUMAN, for the numerical solution of Laplace's equation withautomaticerrorcontrol.ThesubroutineDRCHLTsolvestheinteriorandexteriorDirichletproblems;andthesubroutineNEUMANsolvesinteriorexteriorNeumannproblems.DRCHLTsolvestheinteriorDirichletproblembyrepresentinguasadoublelaerp otential,Department of Mathematics, The University of Iowa, Ioa City, IA 522421
Most Effective Route of Analgesia during Labor: A RetrospectiveStudy in Makkah Region 2019

The study aims to detect the most effective route of analgesia during labor, and to evaluate maternal satisfaction and the effect of analgesia in the mode of delivery. A retrospective observational design was used on data from Department of gynecology and at Maternity and Children hospital in Makkah, from January 2019 to March 2019. The study interviewed obstetricians and focused the dissection on three questions (the most effective type of analgesia, maternal satisfaction, and dose analgesia effect on the delivery mode). The data was derived from the patient notes for three months in a total of 392 cases. Analysis of the notes and observation showed that the most effective method is epidural analgesia. While several pharmacological and non-pharmacological options exist for labor pain, epidural anesthesia remains the gold standard for severe pain. It substantially affects maternal satisfaction during one of the most painful periods of a woman’slife.
The Tilburg Frailty Indicator (TFI): New Evidence for Its Validity

Objective: The Tilburg Frailty Indicator (TFI) is a self-report user-friendly questionnaire for assessing multidimensional frailty among community-dwelling older people. The main aim of this study is to re-evaluate the validity of the TFI, both cross-sectionally and longitudinally, focusing on the predictive value of the total TFI and its physical, psychological, and social domains for adverse outcomes disability, indicators of healthcare utilization, and falls. Methods: The validity of the TFI was determined in a sample of 180 Dutch community-dwelling older people aged 70 years and older. The participants completed questionnaires including the TFI, the Groningen Activity Restriction Scale (GARS) for assessing disability, and questions with regard to health care utilization and falls in 2016 and again one year later. Results: The physical and psychological domains of the TFI were signi ﬁ cantly correlated as expected with adverse outcomes disability, many indicators of healthcare utilization, and falls. Regression analyses showed that physical frailty was mostly responsible for the effect of frailty on the adverse outcomes. The cross-sectional and longitudinal predictive validity of total frailty with respect to disability and receiving personal care was excellent, evidenced by Areas Under the Curves (AUCs) >0.8. In most cases, using the cut-off point 5 for total frailty ensured the best values for sensitivity and speci ﬁ city. Conclusion: The present study provided new, additional evidence for the validity of the TFI for assessing frailty in Dutch community-dwelling older people aiming to prevent or delay adverse outcomes, including disability.
COMPARISON OF EFFICACIES OF FOSFOMYCIN, THIAMPHENICOL, NIGELLA SATIVA OIL AND ITS COMBINATION AGAINST ESCHERICHIA COLI INFECTION IN CHICKENS

The efficacies of fosfomycin, thiampheicol and Nigella sativa oil were compared against experimentally infected chickens with E.coli O 111 . One hundred and twenty six 12-day old broiler chickens were divided into seven groups:1 st group was control non infected non medicated , 2 nd group was infected with E.coli and non medicated, the 3 rd group was infected with E.coli and treated with disodium fosfomycin (40mg/kg b.wt), the 4 th group was infected with E.coli and treated with thiamphenicol (30mg/kg b.wt), the 5 th group was infected with E.coli and orally administrated with Nigella sativa oil (0.025 ml/bird), the 6 th group was infected with E.coli and treated with disodium fosfomycin (40mg/kg b.wt), in addition to orally administration with Nigella sativa oil (0.025 ml/bird) and the 7 th group was infected with E.coli and treated with thiamphenicol (30mg/kg b.wt) in addition to Nigella sativa oil (0.025 ml/bird). The performance, clinical signs, E. coli reisolation, antibacterial activity and the effect on immune response of chickens were compared. The treated groups showed fewer symptoms and gross lesions than those of infected group. The body weight and average daily gain were highly improved in the 6 th , 7 th and 5 th group respectively. The combination of Nigella sativa oil with fosfomycin and thiamphenicol increase their antibacterial activity. The specific antibody titers against the E.coli O 111 were significantly increased in the groups which received Nigella sativa oil. The results indicate that addition of Nigella sativa oil with fosfomycin or thiamphenicol increases their efficacy, antibacterial activity and immune response against E. coli O 111 .
Reconstruction of dispersal pattern of hypervirulent meningococcal strains of serogroup

21 Neisseria meningitidis is one of the few commensal bacteria that can even cause large epidemics of 22 invasive meningococcal disease (IMD). N. meningitis serogroup C belonging to the hypervirulent 23 clonal complex11 (cc11) represents an important public health threat worldwide. We reconstructed 24 the dispersal pattern of hypervirulent meningococcal strains of serogroup C:cc11 by phylogenomic 25 time tree. In particular, we focused the attention on the epidemic dynamics of C:P1.5. 1,10-8:F3- 26 6;ST-11(cc11) meningococci causing outbreaks, as occurred in Tuscany Region, Italy, in 2015- 27 2016. A phylogeographic analysis was performed through a Bayesian method on 103 Italian and 28 208 foreign meningococcal genomes. The C:P1.5. 1,10-8:F3-6;ST-11(cc11) genotype dated back to 29 1995 (1992 – 1998) in UK. Two main clades of the hypervirulent genotype were identified in Italy. 30 The Tuscany’s outbreak isolates were included in different clusters in a specific sub-clade which 31 originated in UK around 2011 and was introduced in Tuscany in 2013-2014. In this work, the 32 phylogeographic analysis allowed the identification of multiple introductions of these strain in 33 several European countries and connections with extra-European areas. WGS combined with 34 phylogeography enables to track the dissemination of meningococci and their transmission. The 35 C:P1.5. 1,10-8:F3-6;ST-11(cc11) genotype analysis revealed how a hypervirulent strain may be 36 introduced in previously naïve areas, causing a large and long-lasting outbreak. 37 40
The Prevalence of Abattoir Diseases, Major Causes of Organ Condemnation and Associated Financial Loss in Cattle Slaughtered at Arbaminch Municipality Abattoir, Southern Ethiopia

Abstruct: A cross-sectional abattoir surveillance study was undertaken from November-December 2017 to March-April 2018 on cattle slaughtered at municipal abattoirs of Arbaminch, with the aim to identify major pathological lesions and financial losses due to organ condemnation. Of the total 384 examined animal’s abnormalities 181/384; (47.13 %) were animals from which organ condemned during post mortem examination and again from total positives (88/181; (48.61%) the lungs, (63/181; (34.8%) livers, (23/181; (12.7%) heart, (11/181; (6%) kidney, (4/181; (2.2%) spleens and tongues (2/181; (1.1%) were condemned due to various cases. Various diseases conditions were identified included the hyadatidosis (66/384; (17.18%), fasciolosis (30/384; (7.81%), lung emphysema (26/384; (6.77%), CBPP like lesions (20/384; (5.2%); Caudrosis (11/384; (2.86%), Hemorrhagic lesions in lung (10/384; (2.6%), Calcification (9/384 (2.34%), coagulation of blood in the heart (6/384; (1.56%), cysticercosis (5/384; (1.3%), fibrosis of liver 5/384 (1.3%) and nephritis1/384 (0.26%) were the major causes of organ condemnation. The total annual financial loss (Direct loss) due to organ condemnation was 946, 676.50 ETB. In conclusions results of the present study justify immediate need of prevention of various animal diseases that causes organ condemnation through development of awareness creation to the livestock keepers, strengthening animal health delivery method, enforcement of modern slaughter policy, strong deworming strategy of domestic animals including dogs, collaboration between human and animal health experts, training of farmers, pastoralists, meat inspectors on standard slaughter operations and control and prevention of animal diseases.
The evolution of mHealth interventions in Heart Failure

—Heart Failure (HF) is among the most deadly diseases globally with reduced quality of life (QoL), repeatable hospitalizations, and early mortality. For effectively managing HF patients should systematically monitor their symptoms and follow the experts’ guidelines. While the precise mechanism behind HF disease has not been fully delineated, risk factors for HF have been identified. Though the risk factors are known, these is a compelling need for efficient and effective management and monitoring the progress of HF. Mobile health (mHealth) intervention has the potential to offer personalized services for predictive, participatory and preventative care and contribute to more accessible, faster and reliable disease monitoring. In this work we present an extended review of the evolution of mHealth interventions in cardiology and HF and the emerging potential these resources provide.
Oral hygiene practice, dental profile and dental service utilization of chronic kidney disease patients

Background: Research has shown that as high as 90% of patients with renal disease show oral symptoms. Literature supports a bidirectional relation between CKD and periodontal disease. Methods: A cross-sectional survey among patients diagnosed with CKD who attended the renal outpatient clinic of a teaching hospital in south-south, Nigeria. Self-administered questionnaire was used to collect participant’s demographics and dental profile. Oral hygiene gingival and dental status were assessed with Simplified oral hygiene index (OHI-S), gingival index and DMFT. Data analysis was done with IBM Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) for windows version 21.0 and results presented as tables. Results: One hundred and seven consenting participants were recruited for the study. Age ranged between18 and 86 years with mean age of 52.93±5.74 years. Median year of diagnosis was 4 years. Hypertension was the major cause of CKD in three-quarters of participant, two-third were in the 4th stage of disease, 95.3% used toothbrush/paste to clean their teeth, 14% brushed twice daily and 18.7% reported interdental cleaning. Only 9.3% of participants regularly visit the dentist and reasons for non-regular visit varied. Four-fifth of participants had poor oral hygiene. Mean OHI-S was 4.52 ±1.46. Four-fifth of participants reported gingival bleeding while brushing. 87.9% had gingival index of 2 and 3. A quarter had xerostomia. Mean DMFT was 0.39±0.87. Conclusion: The oral health status of participants was poor. Oral health care should be incorporated into the management of patients with chronic kidney disease as this will help improve their quality of life.
Overview on performance predictive models – Application to Bridge Management Systems

Bridge management systems (BMSs) have been developed to assist the bridge asset engineers to determine the optimal cost-effective maintenance, rehabilitation, and replacement (MR&R) decisions for bridge networks. The accuracy of these decisions depends significantly on the performance predictive models used to forecast the future condition of infrastructures. The most common performance predictive models used in the BMSs are deterministic and stochastic models. Several limitations in these models have been mentioned by many authors, which leads to a concern about the reliability of these models to effectively define the maintenance strategies. This paper presents an overview of the main performance predictive models that have been applied for infrastructures and recommends the implementation of some of these models in the BMSs.
Intra-institutional prediction of outcome after cardiac surgery: comparison between a locally derived model and the EuroSCORE

Objective : To construct models for predicting mortality, morbidity and length of intensive care unit (ICU) stay after cardiac surgery and to compare the performance of these models with that of the EuroSCORE in two independent validation databases. Methods : Clinical data on 4592 cardiac surgery patients operated between 1992 and 1996 were retrospectively collected. In order to derive predictive models and to validate them, the patient population was randomly divided into a derivation database ( n (cid:136) 3061) and a validation database ( n (cid:136) 1531). Variables that were signiﬁcant in univariate analyses were entered into a backward stepwise logistic regression model. The outcome was deﬁned as mortality within 30 days after surgery, predeﬁned morbidity, and the length of ICU stay lasting . 2 days. In addition to the retrospective database, the models were validated also in a prospectively collected database of cardiac surgical patients operated in 1998– 1999 ( n (cid:136) 821). The EuroSCORE was tested in two validation databases, i.e. the retrospective and prospective one. Hosmer–Lemeshow goodness-of-ﬁt was used to study the calibration of the predictive models. Area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to study the discrimination ability of the models. Results : The overall mortality in the retrospective and the prospective data was 2 and 1%, and morbidity 22 and 18%, respectively. The created predictive models ﬁtted well in the validation databases. Our models and the EuroSCORE were equally good in discriminating patients. Thus, in the prospective validation database, the mean areas under the ROC curve for our models and for the EuroSCORE were similar, i.e. 0.84 and 0.77 for mortality, 0.74 and 0.74 for morbidity, and 0.81 and 0.79 for the length of intensive care unit stay lasting for 2 days or more, respectively. Conclusions : Our models and the EuroSCORE were equally good in discriminating the patients in respect to outcome. However, our model provided also well calibrated estimation of the probability of prolonged ICU stay for each patient. As was originally suggested, the EuroSCORE may be an appropriate tool in categorizing cardiac surgical patients into various subgroups in interinstitutional comparisons. Our models may have additive value especially in resource allocation and quality assurance purposes for local use. q 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
Shelf-life Prediction of Micro-encapsulated Shrimp Oil in Different Packages using Empirical Models

Micro-encapsulated shrimp oil (MSO) can be used to fortify food products and may be especially useful in the development of new functional foods. The shelf-life of packaged MSO was studied and sorption isotherms were examined. Moisture sorption isotherms and moisture sorption kinetics of MSO were evaluated at 30°C for water activity (a w ) values ranging from 0.113 to 0.923 by a static gravimetric method. Empirical models were determined to predict the experimental data. The initial stage of moisture sorption by the MSO was relatively rapid and it decreased with time. All the sorption curves were found to be type III. The most suitable model for predicting the moisture sorption isotherm of MSO was the GAB model because it had the lowest percentage root mean square error (RMSE). The shelf-life of MSO packaged in polypropylene (PP), Nylon/linear low density polyethylene (Nylon/LLDPE) and metalized polyethylene terephthalate (metalized PET) pouches stored at 30°C and either 75% or 80% relative humidity (RH) was predicted by the GAB equation and the longest shelf-life of MSO (507 days in 80% RH and 725 days in 75% RH) was found in metalized PET packages. The empirical models can be useful for predicting the shelf-life of MSO.