Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Symptomatic Associations between Attention- Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, Trauma, and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in Children

This study aimed to assess the symptomatic associations between attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptomatology, trauma exposure, and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptomatology. The sample consisted of 16,340 children from a population-based Swedish twin study. Trauma exposure, PTSD, and ADHD symptomatology was parentrated in a structured telephone interview. Trauma exposure and subsequent PTSD was positively associated with ADHD prevalence. ADHD in traumaexposed individuals was more severe than in non-trauma-exposed individuals. Individuals with PTSD and ADHD displayed an elevated ADHD symptomatology compared to trauma-exposed individuals without PTSD. In comorbid ADHD and PTSD, the order of trauma and onset of ADHD did not impact ADHD severity. The study confirms the association between ADHD, trauma exposure, and PTSD and suggests that traumaexposed children are at risk for more severe ADHD. Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that is characterized by deficiencies in executive control, emotional regulation, delay aversion, impaired working memory, motivational problems, and diminished persistence of effort (Roberts, Milich & Barkley, 2015; Willcutt, 2015; American Psychiatric Association, 2013). Willcutt (2012) has estimated the ADHD prevalence to be 11.4 % in 6-12 year olds, based on a meta-analytic review of 24 studies including 56,088 6-12 year-olds. A slightly lower prevalence of 5-6 % in the age group 6-11 was found in a worldwide metaregression analysis by Polanczyk et al. (2007) and a similar lower prevalence of 5.2 % was found in a study of Norwegian 7-9 year-olds (Ullebø, Posserud, Heiervang, Obel & Gillberg, 2012). ADHD is a highly heritable condition, with genetic factors explaining 60 – 95 % of the variation in the traits comprising the disorder (Barkley, 2015; Larsson et al., 2013). A growing body of research indicates that individuals with ADHD, when compared to individuals without ADHD, display a higher prevalence of experiences of physical abuse (Fuller-Thomson, Metha & Valeo, 2014), sexual abuse (Sonnby, Åslund, Leppert & Nilsson, 2011; Briscoe-Smith & Hinshaw, 2006), and maltreatment (Capusan et al., 2016; Ouyang et al., 2008), and an elevated prevalence of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) (e.g., Antshel et al. 2013; Husain, Allwood & Bell, 2008; Kessler, 2006). When examining seven studies that compared rates of PTSD in children with and without ADHD, Spencer et al. (2015) found that six of them showed a significantly increased rate of PTSD in children with ADHD. The meta-analysis also reviewed articles that examined the reversed risk (i.e., the rates of ADHD in children with and without PTSD). Out of ten studies, six showed significantly higher rates of ADHD in children with PTSD.
Effect of seasonal variations on the haematochemical profile of Cholistani service bulls

ABSTRACT This reported study is of Pakistan's indigenous Cholistani cattle breed, a native of the Cholistan desert where it has been reported as having high production potential for nomadic herders. The aim of the present study was to assess haematochemical profile of adult Cholistani service bulls (n = 16), being reared at the Semen Production Unit Karaniwala, Bahawalpur, Cholistan desert, Pakistan, during various seasons as an indicator of their health status. Keeping in view the prevailing climatic conditions of the study area, four seasons of three months duration each were defined as (i) cool dry winter (November, December, January) (ii) temperate spring (February, March, April) (iii) hot dry summer (May, June, July) and (iv) hot humid summer (August, September, October). Blood specimens were collected fortnightly during the study period for haematochemical analyses (automated). The present study revealed that Cholistani service bulls have a tendency to maintain most of their haematochemical parameters more or less at the same level during various seasons which is suggestive of their adaptability under stressful climates without showing any signs of stress.
Variation pattern in litchi under Indian conditions

The experiment was conducted on 13 commonly grown varieties of litchi (Litchi chinensis L.) under plateau condition of Jharkhand. The results revealed significant differences among the varieties for fruit yield, tree height, tree spread, tree volume, fruit weight, fruit circumference, fruit volume, seed weight, pulp weight and per cent of edible portion. Yield supremacy was observed in Purbi, Shahi, Trikolia and China. However, per cent of edible pulp was maximum in Bedana, Green, Rose Scented, Shahi and Trikolia. Heritability estimates ranged from 34.48 to 93.68 in tree girth and fruit yield respectively. The association analysis revealed that plant yield had significant positive association with fruit length, fruit circumference, fruit weight and pulp weight. Tree height had positive association with tree volume and fruit weight had positive association with fruit length, fruit circumference, fruit volume, skin weight and pulp weight. Partitioning of plant yield into direct and indirect effects revealed that positive direct effect was for tree volume, fruit length, fruit circumference, fruit volume, seed weight and pulp weight. Further, improvement in litchi can be achieved by selecting vigorous trees in terms of tree volume, girth and possessing quality fruits in terms of higher fruit weight, more fruit length, more pulp weight and more fruit circumference.
A SKULL OF HIPPARION (PROBOSCIDIPPARION) SINENSE (PERISSODACTYLA,EQUIDAE) FROM LONGDAN,DONGXIANG OF NORTHWESTERN CHINA--Addition to the Early Pleistocene Longdan Mammalian Fauna (3)

A skull of Hipparion (Proboscidipparion) sinense is reported from the Longdan locality in Dongxiang,Gansu Province,northwestern China.The previously known material of H. (P.) sinense in the Early Pleistocene Longdan fauna was only a metacarpal III.The discovery of this skull not only confirms the specific identification of Hipparion in this fauna,but also increases the understanding of the cranial and dental characters of this species.The holotype specimen of H.sinense belongs to a senile individual,and no other complete skull of this species has been found.As a result,the new material from Longdan provides more key information for the diagnoses of H.sinense,and the structure of the nasal notch of this species becomes clear.The lower part of the nasal bone is a tenuous strip that extends far forward,comprises the posterior part of the lower margin of the nasal notch,and has a sharp anterior end reaching the level of the P2/P3 boundary,at a 30 mm distance from the posterior end of the nasal process of the premaxillary bone.The recognition of these characters is of great interest in determining the phylogenetic relationship of Proboscidipparion.
Composição química das silagens de milho e sorgo com inclusão de planta inteira de soja

This study evaluated the chemical and fermentation quality of corn and sorghum silage enriched with whole-plant soybeans. Whole soybean proportions of 75%, 50% and 25% were used for ensiling corn or sorghum. The increasing inclusion levels of whole-plant soybeans resulted in a linear increase in the dietary protein content of corn and sorghum silage and in an increase in acid detergent fiber of corn silage, while a decrease was observed in the energy content of corn silage and in neutral detergent fiber content of sorghum silage. The in vitro dry matter and organic matter digestibility did not differ between soybean inclusion levels in corn or sorghum silage. The addition of whole-plant soybeans increased the pH and N-NH 3 concentration of corn and sorghum silage, but maintained the pH at acceptable levels when the inclusion level of whole soybeans was 50%. With respect to chemical composition, whole soybeans can be added to corn and sorghum silage at a proportion of up to 50%, with improvements of the final product.
Suppressing Pecan Aphid Populations Using Potassium Nitrate Plus Surfactant Sprays

A 4-year field study on pecan [Carya illinoinensis (Wangenh.) K. Koch] provided indirect support of the supposition held by some U.S. pecan growers that air-blast foliar sprays of potassium nitrate (KNO 3 ) plus surfactant enhances nut yield. While these treatments did not measurably influence yield components, foliar K nutrition, or net photosynthesis, they did suppress yellow-type aphid populations. While air-blast sprays of water alone suppressed aphid populations, the inclusion of KNO 3 plus surfactant provided an additional level of suppression.
Selective Toxicity of Three Synthetic Pyrethroids to Eight Coccinellids A Eulophid Parasitoid, and Two Pest Chrysomelids

The toxicities of 3 synthetic pyrethroids (permethrin, cypermethrin, and fenvalerate) were determined for 8 species of predaceous coccinellids, 2 pest chrysomelids (northern corn rootworm and cereal leaf beetle) and a hymenopteran parasitoid of the cereal leaf beetle as topical LD50's or contact LC50's. All species were collected from corn or oat fields. Two of the pyrethroids, permethrin and fenvalerate, demonstrated selectivity in favor of most of the coccinellid species, whtle cypermethrin was more active against the ladybird beetles than the pest chrysomelids. All 3 pyrethroids were considerably more toxic to the parasitoid than to its chrysomelid host.
Analysis of uniaxial compression behavior of hollow concrete block masonry: experimental and analytical approaches

This article focuses on the uniaxial compression behavior of concrete hollow brick masonry assembly. This study was performed both by experimental and analytical approaches. In the first experimental part, the compression tests were done according to the European standard EN1052-1. It is highlighted from the tests that this concrete hollow brick masonry is a very high dispersive material and that the compression behavior of this masonry is similar and depends principally on that of bricks. In addition, the vertical splitting failure modes reflect the effect of "expanding/restraining" for this type of masonry and the elastic properties determined from these tests are comparable with the values found in the literature. Then, in the analytical approach, the simple calculations were done by different existed models to predict the compressive strength of masonry prism. A comparison of the results obtained by using these models with those of experimentation shows that only the model which takes into account the effect of vertical joints is mostly adapted for the safe design of this masonry prism under uniaxial compression load.
Fate of Listeria monocytogenes During the Manufacture of Mozzarella Cheese.

Mozzarella cheese was made from a mixture of pasteurized whole and skim milk which was inoculated to contain 104-105 CFU Listeria monocytogenes (strain Ohio, California, or V7) per ml. Temperature of milk was maintained at 40°C (104°F) for 30 min when curd became resilient and the pH reached 5.90-5.93. Populations of L. monocytogenes changed at different rates during the various phases of making Mozzarella cheese. During the early stages of curd formation, numbers of L. monocytogenes were ca. 4-fold greater in curd than in whey. Numbers of L. monocytogenes in freshly cut curd were 25 to 38% greater than in inoculated milk. Cooking curd at 40°C for ca. 30 min caused a decrease of ca. 38% as compared to numbers of the pathogen in curd after cutting. During cheddaring of curd, numbers of L. monocytogenes increased by ca. 25%, over numbers at the end of cooking. Placing of curd in hot water [77°C (170°F)] and stretching for 3-4 min caused complete demise of the pathogen, as determined by our methods. The curd temperature during stretching was 58 to 65°C (136 to 149°F). Results of cold enrichments were all negative for stretched and brined curd. L. monocytogenes failed to survive during the making of Mozzarella cheese as done in this study.
Feeding frequency on the production viability of production and quantitative descriptors of parasitism in angelfish

Angelfish (Pterophyllum scalare) is a very important species in Brazil's domestic market, however feeding managements differ from fish breeders to aquarists, so the cost of feed and labor become relevant items when cultivating the species. The objective of this research was to assess feeding frequency and feed deprivation based on growth performance, parasite infestation and cost-benefit in farming this species. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design in a 3x2 factorial scheme with 3 daily feeding levels, 4 meals, 2 meals and 1 meal; with and without feed deprivation and two repetitions. Feed deprivation consisted of offering feed 5 days a week only. Feeding twice a day without deprivation and four times a day with or without feed deprivation resulted in higher growth performance than feeding once a day. Monogenean and nematode parasitic loads were not influenced by feeding management. The cost-benefit analysis enabled us to observe that the treatment with the best benefit was the one involving two feedings a day with no deprivation. Thus, considering the parameters mentioned above, we concluded that the two daily feedings with no feed deprivation is the most adequate for farming this specie.
Performance of magra lambs fed mustard straw based complete feed in mash and block forms

A growth trial was conducted on eight Magra Iambs divided in two equal groups, the animals were offered complete feed (mustard straw 60, groundnut cake 15, barley 5, deoiled rice bran 5, guar korma 12, mineral mixture 2 and common salt 1%) either in mash or block form for 120 days. The complete feed blocks of 2 kg each were prepared using a block making machine at 4000 psi. The intake of DCP and TDN was significantly (P<0.05) higher in complete feed block than that of mash form mainly due to significantly high DM intake in complete feed block group. Densification of material into complete feed did not reveal any significant effect on the digestibility of nutrients, nutritive value, Ca and P retention. The nitrogen retention and daily body weight gain was significantly (P<0.01) higher in block fed lambs. The results indicated that densification of feed into blocks increased feed intake and daily live weight gain in lambs.
Flesh flies regulate the consumption of 3 macronutrients to maximize lifespan and egg production

Dietary macronutrient balance has been shown to have large effects on the growth, reproduction, and survival of a wide range of animals. Yet, most studies of dietary nutrient balance are limited to pairs of nutrients even though food items can differ in their concentrations of all 3 macronutrients. We used a right-angled mixture triangle design to quantify the self-selected nutrient intake of flesh flies, Sarcophaga crassipalpis, and to test the separate and interactive effects of all 3 macronutrients on lifespan and lifetime egg production. Flesh flies presented with 3 food dishes, each biased in 1 macronutrient, self-selected a nutrient intake that was highly carbohydrate-biased. When maintained on 1 of 7 diets with fixed macronutrient mixtures, flies maximized both lifespan and lifetime egg production on carbohydrate-biased diets. Despite overwhelming effects of carbohydrates on fitness, there were subtle but significant interactions between carbohydrate and lipid for lifespan and carbohydrate and protein for egg production. These results demonstrate that flesh flies are able to balance their intake of all 3 macronutrients simultaneously to reach an intake at which they achieve high fitness. Furthermore, the effects of carbohydrate and protein on the fitness of flesh flies were similar to that of fruit flies (Bactrocera tryoni) and vinegar flies (Drosophila melanogaster). This suggests that regardless of whether they feed on plant tissue or animal flesh as larvae, flies converge on similar dietary requirements as adults.
Physiological and community responses of summer plankton to nutrient manipulation in the Gulf of Finland (Baltic Sea) with special reference to phosphorus

Abstract Summer plankton communities from two locations in the central and western Gulf of Finland (Stns LL6 and JML, respectively), characterized by different nutrient dynamics, were manipulated with nitrogen and phosphorus additions in the laboratory. The aim was to study whether these populations would show indices of different phosphorus physiology or community structure. We were especially interested to determine whether the growth of diazotrophic filamentous cyanobacteria could be stimulated by phosphorus additions. No growth of these species was observed with daily addition of nutrients. The most evident population response was that of the small-size fraction organisms ( 10 µm the species favored by the nutrient additions were Dictyosphaerium subsolitarium van Goor in the central part and Snowella sp. in the western part of the Gulf. Phosphorus turnover rates measured by 32P-uptake were faster in the control and N-supplemented .
AN ERROR ANALYSIS ON THE USE OF PERSONAL PRONOUNS IN DESCRIPTIVE WRITING MADE BY THE EIGHT GRADE STUDENTS OF SMP NURUL IMAN PALEMBANG, SOUTH SUMATERA

English personal pronoun is one of difficult part of grammar English since it is different with Indonesian language. Each of personal pronoun has its own rules, so this case leads the students do some errors. The objectives of this research were to investigate the kinds of errors and the most dominant error on the use of personal pronouns in descriptive writing made by the eighth grade students of SMP Nurul Iman Palembang. This research designed as qualitative in the form of research. The subjects of this research were 37 eighth grade students which were chosen by using purposive sampling. To analyze the data, firstly, we collected the data from the students, and then we identified the errors by circling them, after that the researcher classified the errors by using Surface Strategy Taxonomy by Dulay, Burt and Krashen (1982), after that we calculated the data taken, and the last made the percentage in each category. The result showed that there were 128 items of errors found in student’s writing. The most dominant errors found in misformation with the percentage was 72.65% (93 errors). After that, omission errors found in students’ writing was 19.58% (25 errors), addition errors found was 7.81% (10 errors), and the last there was no error found in misordering.
POpulation dynamics of leaf miner, Aproaerema modlcella (Deventer) on soybean

Studies on population dynamics of leaf miner, Aproaerema modicellaon soybean variety Gujarat Soybean-1, indicated that the incidence of leaf miner commenced from 3rd week after sowing with 1.30 larvae/plant, remained active throughout the crop season and peaked with 8.56 larvae/plant during 8th week after sowing.
Pathologic and hemodynamic changes of common carotid artery in obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome in a porcine model

Background/aim To prepare a porcine model of obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) and observe the pathological and hemodynamic changes in the common carotid artery. Materials and methods Twelve male miniature pigs were randomly divided into the model and control group (n = 6). Pigs in the model group were kept in an air-flow negative pressure chamber at 0.96 ± 0.01 kPa, and the air oxygen content, temperature, and humidity were kept at normal culture conditions in both groups. After pigs in the model group presented symptoms of OSAHS, changes in the hemodynamics and morphology of the carotid artery were analyzed using color Doppler, and light and electron microscopy. Results An animal model of OSAHS was successfully created. The internal diameter of the carotid artery of pigs in the model group was decreased, while the intima thickness, peak-systolic mean velocity, and resistance index were increased when compared to the control group (P < 0.05). The results of the light and electron microscopy revealed an incomplete elastic plate, increased media thickness, irregular morphology of the smooth muscle cells, increased collagen fiber bundles, partially disordered elastic fibers, and smooth muscle layers. The quantitative analysis showed significantly increased elastic fibers in the media of the carotid artery in the model group (P < 0.01). Conclusion Pathological changes in the tissue structure and hemodynamics in the negative pressure-induced pig OSAHS model were observed. We suggest that alterations in the upper airway pressure during OSAHS may lead to cardiovascular conditions through its pathological effects on the carotid artery.
A critical review and systematic discussion of recent classification proposals for liolaemid lizards

We provide a critical review of a recent taxonomic revision of Chilean Liolaemus lizards (Iguania: Liolaemidae) by Pincheira-Donoso and Nunez (2005) and a recent paper (PincheiraDonoso et al. 2008), which proposed several new taxonomic and phylogenetic arrangements. We document fundamental problems with many of the proposed taxonomic revisions in both publications, which if followed, could lead to serious taxonomic confusion. In Pincheira-Donoso and Nunez (2005) a subgeneric classification is erected, which was produced by outdated methods (phenetic analyses), cannot be replicated (no matrix is presented), and is taxonomically untenable (some of the subgenera are nested within other subgenera). Most of the taxonomic groups that are proposed have been previously proposed, albeit differently constituted, yet often previous research is not given attribution; when findings are different, the research of others is either overlooked or dismissed without comment. The diagnoses of species and subspecies (including several newly proposed taxa) are often written in an authoritative manner (without supporting data or information), making them insufficient for distinguishing the focal taxon from others belonging to the same group, finally leading to uncertainty regarding the validity of several of the newly proposed taxa, combinations, or synonymies. We also describe less egregious errors of omission and commission. In Pincheira-Donoso et al. (2008), most of the proposals follow the Pincheira-Donoso and Nunez (2005) revisions, some species are allocated to groups without consistent cladistic support and other proposed relationships are based on incomplete evidence from other studies dismissing the limitations of the arrangement. Critical species are not identified in a list of material examined. Finally, Pincheira-Donoso et al. (2008) present a somewhat outdated and biased discussion of the relative value of using molecules or morphology in systematics. In light of these limitations, and in an effort to stabilize and prevent further taxonomic confusion, we provide an updated phylogenetic classification of the currently recognized lizards of the family Liolaemidae (Ctenoblepharys, Liolaemus, and Phymaturus), which is based on a consensus of studies published since the first phylogenetic major revision of the clade in 1995.
Parasitic Mastitis in the Atlantic White-Sided Dolphin, Lagenorhynchus acutus, as a Probable Factor in Herd Productivity

In a survey of 30 female Atlantic white-sided dolphins, Lagenorhynchus acutus, taken from a mass stranded herd of approximately 150 animals, 47% were found to be infected with Crassicauda grampicola (Nematoda: Spiruridae) in the mammary glands. Associated lesions included verminous cysts, fibrosis, necrosis and inflammation, and destruction or replacement of normal parenchyma by nonsecretory tissue. The high incidence and severity of these lesions are viewed as potentially compromising the reproductive success of the herd. The life cycle of C. grampicola is discussed in relation to its presence in the mammary gland. Key words: cetacean, Atlantic white-sided dolphin, pathology, nematodes, mastitis, population, nutrition