Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Regression of Chukar Partridge (Alectoris chukar) Egg External Traits After One Generation of Inbreeding

The current experiment was done form (20/12/2018) until (28/7/2019); One hundred eggs were supplied from local farm to hatch the base family. When the flock was reaching the sexual maturity, the eggs were collected to measure the external traits (egg length, egg breadth and egg shape index). The data were analysed by using Statistical Product and Service Solutions (SPSS) software, to calculate the descriptive values concerning mean, standard deviation, and then multiple linear regression analyses were performed to determine the equation of estimating the two geometric elements. The egg shape index was decrease because of the egg length; it increases from 41.01 to 42.92 in generation 1, and 2 respectively. The correlation between the egg shape index and egg length is negative with high significant. Furthermore the correlation was decreased in the generation two comparing with the generation one. The correlation between the egg shape index and the egg breadth approximate stable in generation one and two (0.713, 0.699) respectively. As it was described above the egg length affected by environment. The result showed that both the linear multiple regression model adequate for select the models in the two generations (p<0.001). The value of R2 for both generations was (0.999, and 0.990) respectively. The regression equation for the egg shape index is changed according to the environments, these changes happened according the egg length value unlike the egg breadth, which is genetically controlled.
The Effect of using Different Sources of Vegetable Oils on the Productive Performance of Broilers Ross 308

In order to determine the impact of using five different types of vegetable oils on the productive performance of broiler chickens, Ross 308, I carried out a field experiment in the poultry field of the Department of Animal Production, College of Agriculture, Tikrit University, between November 28, 2022, and January 5, 2023. A total of 150 Ross 308 unsexed chicks, each weighing an average of (39.12) g at one day old, participated in the study. Five chicks were assigned to each of the six replicates in each of the five treatments, which were given equally to the chicks. Sunflower oil was utilized in the first treatment, followed by linseed oil in the second, olive oil in the third, canola oil in the fourth, and maize oil in the fifth. According to the Ross 308 Breeding Guide, crushed feed, lighting, and water were given. At the conclusion of each feeding session, the body weight, weight increase, amount of feed consumed, and feed conversion factor were recorded. These were the outcomes: The fourth treatment (using canola oil) did not significantly differ from the other experimental treatments in terms of body weight at 35 days or total weight gain, and there was no significant difference between the experimental treatments. The fourth treatment was significantly better than the control treatment (using sunflower oil). in terms of feed conversion ratio and feed usage.
Conditions Involved in Dating Terrestrial Shells

Mollusks living only on ground surface can be expected to give the most reliable results in 14C dating from carbonates of continental origin. One may assume they have a homogeneous biotope and are not affected by any hard-water effect. In order to verify these assumptions and to test shells as routine dating material, results from terrestrial gastropods are compared with other 14C dates from classic biologic material, such as peat, charcoal, or bone, collected in the same archaeologic or geologic levels in miscellaneous places. Two sites were selected for which other chronologic data, such as prehistoric industries or malacologic diagrams were available. All results indicate older values for 14C shell dates. The discrepancy between “normal” and snail dates amounts to 300 to 1200 14C years and remains the same whatever the absolute age of the sample. All 13C values of perfectly cleaned shells are between —5 to —10%, versus PDB. The initial 14C content of shells that is too low may be different according to species, as suggested by 13C variations. Although fairly constant, this deviation of 14C ages generally makes such samples unreliable for most archaeologic studies, which often need more precise results. However, some measurements were performed on microfauna shells from several Würmian loess to show that dating of shells may be useful in fairly ancient geologic sediments for lack of better carbonaceous samples. Good agreement of some snail dates with expected sediment ages point to the importance of proper sample selection and pretreatment that might be checked by 13C measurements.
Sensitivity of Some Varieties of the Wheat to Covered Smut Disease Cause by Tilletie caries

This study was conducted in the Plant Protection Department - College of Agriculture - University of Anbar for the agricultural season 2022. The study included the cultivation of different wheat varieties (Ibaa 99, Fiyah, Taurus, Croplus, Adana) to find out the extent to which these varieties were affected by covered smut disease in wheat caused by fungus T.caries The results showed the effect of covered smut disease in wheat on varieties in some traits such as infection rate, plant height, chlorophyll concentration, phenols concentration, peroxidase enzyme, number of grains per ear, weight of 1000 grains, number of spikes, total yield, absorbency and percentage of wet gluten.
Enthalpy of the N+ + H2 → NH+ + H Reaction—Experimental Study of the Reverse Process

The formation of nitrogen hydrides in the interstellar medium is initiated by the nearly thermoneutral reaction of N+ + H2 → NH+ + H. Here, we experimentally determine the enthalpy of this reaction using the principle of detailed balance from a measurement of the rate coefficient of the reverse reaction NH+ + H → N+ + H2. The measurements were carried out in a linear radiofrequency 22-pole trap combined with an effusive beam source of atomic hydrogen at temperatures between 10 and 100 K. The resulting ground-state energy difference (or reaction enthalpy at 0 K) of ΔE 0 = (18 ± 4) meV confirms that there are no significant energy barriers on the reaction path.
The Effect of Using a Local Solution of Potassium Iodide and Sodium Chloride on the Microbial Properties and Prolonging the Shelf Life of Frozen Chicken Meat

This study was conducted with the aim of studying the effect of vitrification using sodium chloride salt and potassium iodide at a concentration of 2% on some physical, chemical, bacterial and sensory characteristics of chicken thigh and breast meat and frozen stock for periods of 1, 30 and 60 days. The total number of bacteria in the thigh muscles, where the results of the study recorded that the highest value recorded for the total number of aerobic bacteria (173.35 and 177.25) log/g in each of the thigh and chicken breast samples studied in the control treatment, while the results of the study showed that there was no contamination in the total number of aerobic bacteria in Each of the studied chicken breast and thigh samples treated with a 2% potassium iodide solution and 2% table salt with advanced storage periods. %) The average effect of the treatments recorded the highest two values (104.81 and 97.89) log/mg in each of the control sample and distilled water compared to the meat sample treated with 2% potassium iodide solution and 2% table salt, which did not indicate bacterial contamination in all the studied meat samples. The results of the study recorded the presence of coliform contamination in each of the thigh and chest muscles in the control treatment at different storage stages. Distilled water also recorded significant differences in the values of contamination of coliform bacteria with the progression of storage stages, as it recorded the highest value (40.04 and 32.89) logarithm at the last day of storage compared to On the first day of storage, when the values of the total number of coliform bacteria reached (35.86 and 24.89) logarithms in the thigh and breast sample of the studied chickens, respectively, while no results were recorded for the presence of an indicator of coliform bacteria in the meat samples treated with potassium iodide solutions (2% and table salt 2%) ), the number of coliform bacteria was not detected in chicken breast and thigh meat treated with table salt and potassium iodide.
Relationship of Body Condition Score at Calving with Reproductive Performance, some Blood Metabolites and some Pathological Conditions in Holstein Cows

The study was conducted at The Great Diwaniyah cows station, located at the southern entrance of Al-Dagarah district - Al-Diwaniyah Governorate, from 6/12/2021 to 25/2/2023, to examine the relationship between body condition score (BCS) and reproductive traits, blood biomarkers, and metabolic diseases in Iraqi Holstein-Friesian cows. The 50 cows in parity2 were divided by body condition at calving into three groups (BCS1 = 2.5-3 point (17 cows), BCS2 = 3-4 point (20 cows), and BCS3 = 4 -5 point (13 cows)) based on 1-5 point scal. They were milked twice a day, morning and evening, by an automatic milking machine. The study found a substantial decrease (P≤0.01) in days open for BCS1 (77.18 days) compared to BCS2 (84.05 days) and BCS3 (88.23 days). The BCS2 group had considerably fewer days available (P≤0.01). Compared to BCS3. The study found a significant decrease (P≤0.01) in inter-calving interval for BCS1 group (354.59 days) compared to BCS2 and BCS3 groups (360.95 and 365.69 days, respectively). BCS2 group showed considerably shorter duration (P≤0.01) compared to BCS3 group. The study found no significant influence on inseminations per pregnancy or pregnancy length in the three cow groups. The study found that the BCS2 group had significantly higher glucose concentration (62.19 mg/100 ml) post-calving compared to BCS3 group (57.86 mg/100 ml), but BCS1 group did not differ significantly (59.30 mg/100 ml). The study found a substantial rise (P≤0.01) in BHB concentration (0.922 mmol/L) in the BCS3 group compared to BCS2 and BCS1 (0.743 and 0.674 mmol/L, respectively). BCS3 group showed a substantial increase (P≤0.01) in NEFA concentration (0.590 mmol/L) compared to BCS2 and BCS1 groups (0.476 and 0.461 mmol/L, respectively). During peak production, BCS2 group had a significant increase (P≤0.05) in glucose concentration (64.04 mg/100 ml) compared to BCS3 group (58.97 mg/100 ml), while BCS1 group did not differ significantly (60.97 mg/100 ml). BCS3 group showed a substantial increase (P≤0.01) in BHB concentration (0.434 mmol/L) compared to BCS2 and BCS1 groups (0.297 and 0.318 mmol/L, respectively). The study found a substantial increase (P≤0.01) in NEFA concentration in the BCS3 group (0.290 mmol/L) compared to BCS2 and BCS1 (0.205 and 0.215 mmol/L, respectively). The study found a significant (P≤0.05) increase in ketosis in Holstein cows with BCS2 and BCS3 groups, with rates of 1 (5.0%) and 2 (15.38%), respectively, compared to the BCS1 group with no injury. No significant changes were seen in placental retention, metritis, mastitis, and neonatal mortality between cows. According to the study, bodily condition during calving is linked to reproductive features, blood metabolites, and disease infection in cows.
Influence of Storage Period, Chitosan Coating and Diluted Acetic Acid Spraying on Hatching and Hatched Chicks Characteristics

The present research evaluated the effect of coating hatching eggs with chitosan and sprinkling them with diluted acetic acid on the characteristics of hatching and hatched chicks using 480 eggs from 35-week-old broiler ROSS 308 breeder. The experiment included two variables; firstly, two storage periods (4 days and 14 days), secondly, coating the eggs with chitosan and spraying them with diluted acetic acid on the 18th day of incubation. Each treatment contained sixty eggs, with four replicates of fifteen eggs. The results showed that the factor of storage period and treatment of overall hatching rate increased in T3 significantly better than others. It was observed that the percentage of kidneys and fertilized eggs that hatched decreased as the storage period increased. In addition, plating with chitosan improved the hatching rate, as there was no significant difference between 4 and 14 days of storage with the control treatment, indicating that chitosan improved the hatching rate of fertilised eggs after 14 days of storage. The Spraying of diluted acetic acid to chitosan reduced the percentage of early embryonic fatalities. Concerning priming chicks, chitosan had a negative effect, as the proportion of priming chicks increased substantially in the T3 treatment compared to T1. Moisture loss was increased with the storage period progressed; however, there was no significant difference in the moisture content between T1 and chitosan encapsulation of treatments. Therefore, we conclude from the study that encapsulation with chitosan increased the hatching rate and decreased embryonic mortality in 14-day-old hatching embryos.
Allelopathic Potential of Aqueous Plant Extracts Against Seed Germination and Seedling Growth of Weeds

Allelopathy has been described as a negative or positive effect on a specific species of plant caused by a chemical produced by another species of plant. This research analyzed the allelopathic effect of various plant extracts against seed germination and seedling properties of some weed species in two experiments in the autumn of 2021. The impacts of plant extracts, such as peels of pomegranate (Punica granatum), green husk of walnuts (Juglans regia), leaves of eucalyptus (Eucalyptus camaldulensis), galls of Aleppo oak (Quercus infectoria), rhizomes of cogon grass (Imperata cylindrica), and tubers of nutgrass (Cyperus rotundus) plus control on some weed species, like Vaccaria pyramidata, Cynodon dactylon, Sorghum halepense, Trifolium campestre, Portulaca oleracea, Sinapis arvensis, Avena fatua), Hordeum glaucum and Daucus carota were evaluated. The first experiment was conducted in the lab and designed by a factorial-completely randomized design to investigate germination parameters such as final germination percentage (G), mean germination time (MGT), coefficient of the velocity of germination (CVG), and germination rate index (GRI), and another experiment was in a greenhouse and designed in a split-plot pattern, in which the plant extracts were placed in main plots. At the same time, the weed species were distributed in the sub-plots to evaluate the seedling of weeds’ fresh and dry weight and percent of weed inhibition (PWI). The characters’ means (from three replicates) were compared according to Duncan’s multiple range test at the 5% level. The laboratory trial revealed that the green walnut husk was the most successful in reducing all seed germination parameters compared to the control by 13.5, 5.16, and 8.37% for G, MGT, and GRI, respectively. For the greenhouse experiment, the eucalyptus leaves’ extract and pomegranate peels had a higher impact on reducing weed seedlings’ fresh and dry weight and PWI than the control. The most affected species were broad-leaved weeds, while grasses were the least affected. Our results indicated that green walnut husk has a significant role in decreasing seed germination and inhibiting the dry weight of seedlings. Thus, it can be used as a bioherbicide to prevent some weeds from sprouting and growing seedlings.
Phytochemical Analysis of Terpenes from Eucalyptus camaldulensis and Study of its Biological Effect Against Macrophomina spp.

This research was carried out under laboratory conditions to test the inhibitory ability of Eucalyptus camaldulensis leaf extracts (alcoholic and oily) on the pathogenic fungus Macrophomina phaseolina, which was isolated from strawberry roots and diagnosed based on its morphological and microscopic characteristics. The active compounds present in the volatile oil separated from the leaves of E. camaldulensis were identified by using (GC-MS). And obtaining the effective compounds (Gamma-Terpinene, Benzene, Terpinen-4-ol, carvone, 1-Cyclohexene, p-Cymen-7-ol, 2-Naphthalene methanol, 5-methanol, Methyl1-4methylene). The separated fatty acids were identified from the ether petroleum extract of eucalyptus leaves using GC-MS and obtaining fatty acids (Lumaric acid, Linolic acid, Pentadecanoic acid, Hexadecanoic, a-Lenolinic, Stearic acid, Eicosenoic acid, Arachidonic acid Palmatic acid, Oleic, Octadecanoic acid). The Inhibition effect of eucalyptus leaf extract (alcoholic and oily) against the fungus Macrophomina phaseolina was tested. The results showed that the petroleum ether and eucalyptus oil extracts that were used at concentrations of 5, 10 and 15 mg/ml in the PDA medium had inhibitory effects on the growth of the aforementioned fungus. Both extracts caused a significant effect on the growth of this fungus in All concentrations used, as these fungi failed to form mycelium on PDA medium.
Impact of Adding Aqueous Extract of Mentha Pulegium and Lemon and its Mixture to Drinking Water on some Growth Performance and Intestine Organs of Broiler Chicken

The research was conducted to detect some of growth and gastrointestinal performance of broiler chickens fed with aqueous extract of mentha pulegium or lemon, which are alternative growth stimulants. In the study 324 day-old chicks (Ross 308) were used. There were 4 feed treatments each consisting of 3 replicates (27 chicks per iteration). The control group ( C ) was fed on basal diet without adding, while the other three groups were fed on basic ration with the addition of (0.5%) aqueous extract of mentha pulegium (AEM) and (0.5%) aqueous extract of lemon (AEL) and (0.2.5%) aqueous extract of mentha pulegium plus (0.2.5%) aqueous extract of lemon (AEM+AEL) in drinking water, respectively. Feed intake and body weight were measured every week. At the age of 35 days, four birds were slaughtered for each replicate, the relative weights of edible internal organs, intestines, relative length of intestines and abdominal fat were calculated. Results showed that from 1 to 35 days of age, body weight gain, feed consumption and feed conversion coefficient were higher (p < 0.05) in broiler chickens fed on the aqueous extract of mentha pulegium compared to the control. Lemon treatment and the mix has no obvious effect on productive characteristics compared to control group. The prorated weights of internal organs (edible), intestines and the prorated length of the intestines were impacted by the contents of mentha pulegium. The use of mentha pulegium and lemon alone or in combination reduces the weight of abdominal fat compared to the control group. Thus, mentha pulegium and lemon have an extensive range of investigation and future studies and need to take advantage of their potential benefits in order to develop animal production, particular the poultry industry.
Use of Vegetables in the Manufacture of Burgers Compared with Beef Burgers and the Study of Chemical Properties

The study aimed and reached the manufacture of natural bovine burgers that contain a good proportion of protein, fat and ash, while it was noted that the vegetable burgers (eggplant and zucchini) gave a product low in fat and protein as well as in carbohydrates, which is beneficial to the nutrition of obese people as well as a high level of protein in the blood. Meat and its products are distinguished from the food that the consumer wants to eat because of its unique taste and its richness in nutrients that provide the best quality in terms of protein, essential amino acids, essential fatty acids, and a number of minerals and vitamins, especially the vitamin B group. is considered harmful to health, and that its consumption is linked to many diseases, including obesity, cardiovascular diseases and other types of cancer.
Effect of Humic Acid, Organic Nitrogen and Thidiazuron Spray on Growth and Yield Characteristics of Pear trees (Pyrus communis L.) cv.Le-Conte

This study was carried out on 5-yrs old Pear trees cv.Le-Conte), grown in a private orchard located at Otomaniyah area, Diyala Governorate, Iraq during 2019 growing season to study the effect of Humic Acid (0 and 1%), Organic Nitrogen (0 and 1%) and Thidiazuron (0,7.5 and 15 mg l-1) Spray on Growth and Yield Characteristics of Pear trees. Three replicates and one tree per experimental unit were utilized in a factorial experiment with three factors (2×2×3) using the Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD). Data analysis was performed with the use of ready-made program and the Duncan’s multiple range test with 0.05 probability. The solutions were sprayed three times ( 20 march, 10 April, and 10 may ). The results showed that TDZ spray gave a significant effect through improving most of the studied traits as leaf area, leaves nitrogen, and potassium content (%), fruit weight, fruit flesh total titratable acidity, and total soluble solids (TSS %) of fruit juice.
Effectiveness of Pumpkin Juice and Butylated Hydroxyanisole Supplemented to Yogurt on Lipid Profile for Hypercholesterolemia Rats

Experimental animals with hypercholesterol will be fed yogurt fortified with concentrated pumpkin juice and the industrial antioxidant butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA), and their health will be monitored. Rats were fed either a standard diet (T1), a high-fat diet (T2), or a high-fat diet (T3) supplemented with 2 ml of yogurt per day. Rats were also fed either a high-fat diet (T4) supplemented with 2 ml of yogurt per day fortified with concentrated pumpkin juice (T4), or a diet high in fat (T5) supplemented with 2 ml of yogurt per day fortified with the synthetic antioxidant Hypercholesterolemia in male rats as measured by plasma total cholesterol, triglycerides, high density lipoprotein cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol, and liver enzymes. Adult rats were fed by tube feeding and weighed, then randomized into five groups. One of the most notable findings was that hypercholesterolemia in animals resulted in a statistically significant increase (p0.05) in cholesterol, triglyceride, and LDL-C concentrations compared to the control group, and a statistically significant decrease (p0.05) in HDL-C concentration. The experimental results showed that the groups given yogurt supplemented with pumpkin juice had significantly higher HDL concentrations and lower levels of cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL-C, AST, and ALT compared to the control group.