Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Changing Landscape in the Treatment of Adult Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL)

Simple Summary The improved understanding of acute lymphoblastic leukemia has brought with it several new therapy strategies as well as novel treatment agents. The aim of our review was to create a well-arranged overview of the currently available treatment strategies for ALL. Abstract Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is a rare hematological malignancy characterized by proliferation and accumulation of premature lymphoid blasts. Depending on risk factors, the survival of acute lymphoblastic leukemia has significantly improved over the last decades. During the last years, measurable residual disease (MRD) assessment has evolved into one of the most sensitive markers for prognosis and risk of relapse. For this reason, measurable residual disease detection and monitoring count as standard evaluation in patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Allogeneic stem cell transplantation is still the recommended treatment option for patients with high and highest risk profiles as well as for relapsed or refractory settings. The increased understanding of the pathomechanism and heterogeneity of acute lymphoblastic leukemia has led to the development of several novel therapeutic opportunities such as tyrosine-kinase inhibitors, antibody-based therapies and CAR-T cells with the aim of improving clinical outcomes. Furthermore, the major advances in disease understanding of ALL have led to the identification of different subgroups and better disease stratification. Even though novel therapy targets are constantly developed, acute lymphoblastic leukemia remains a challenging and life-threatening disease. To improve the historically unsatisfying result in therapy of adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia many clinical trials have recently been initiated to determine the optimum combination regimens of novel and old agents for adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia.
In Vitro Study of the Potential Role of Olive Oil Oleuropein in Modulating the 5-FU Cytotoxic Efficacy against the Tongue Squamous Cell Carcinoma

BACKGROUND: 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) is an anticancer drug used to inhibit the proliferation of many different tumor cells. Since severe side effects are associated with this drug, its combination with different natural compounds would allow the use of a significantly lower dose of 5-FU. Oleuropein (OLEU), has been shown to have inhibitory effects on various types of cancers. AIM: The main objective of the current study was to assess the cytotoxic effect of OLEU and the chemotherapeutic drug 5-FU on Human Tongue Carcinoma Cancer Cell Line (HNO-97) and Human Normal Oral Epithelial Cell Line (OEC) either independently or combinatory effect. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 3-(4,5- dimethylthiazol-2-Yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay for cell viability, and half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) was calculated. Flowcytometry for cell cycle analysis was performed. Also, in vitro scratch assay was done to assess the inhibitory effects of OLEU on the migration of cells.RESULTS: MTT assay study demonstrated that OLEU and 5-FU alone or in combinations have produced a significant inhibitory effect on both normal and cancer cell lines with a favorable impact for OLEU on cancer cell lines rather than the normal one. A significant increase in the cell inhibitory % was reported between the single and the combinations treated groups as compared to the non-treated control group. Cell cycle analysis via flowcytometry showed that OLEU had induced cell cycle arrest at G0/1 phase, decreased S phase and G2/M phase either independently or in combination for 24h and 48h when compared with a non-treated control group. A Scratch assay test showed that OLEU could induce delayed wound healing. CONCLUSIONS: The findings of the present study suggest that OLEU can exert an anti-cancer effect on HNO-97 and may have the potential for potentiation of 5-FU cytotoxic effects and reduction of its adverse effects. In addition, OLEU could inhibit cancer progression and expansion from the initial tumor.
Melatonin therapy in chronic pain syndrome

: Melatonin is a hormone secreted 80% by epiphysis and 20% by extrapineal structures. It performs several functions including chronobiotic, antioxidant, oncostatic, immune modulating, normo-thermal, and anxiolytic functions.There are numorouse studies demonstrating melatonin efficacy in relation to chronic pain syndromes. The present paper reviews the studies on melatonin use in various forms of headaches, and chronic back pain.The paper discusses the possible mechanisms of analgesia. Circadian rhythm normalization results in sleep improvement, which is disordered in chronic pain syndromes,hence there is evidence of melatonin-independent analgesic effect involving melatonin receptors.
Leveraging mHealth and Wearable Sensors to Manage Alcohol Use Disorders: A Systematic Literature Review

Background: Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is a condition prevalent in many countries around the world, and the public burden of its treatment is close to $130 billion. mHealth offers several possible interventions to assist in the treatment of AUD. Objectives: To analyze the effectiveness of mHealth and wearable sensors to manage AUD from evidence published over the last 10 years. Methods: Following the Kruse Protocol and PRISMA 2020, four databases were queried (PubMed, CINAHL, Web of Science, and Science Direct) to identify studies with strong methodologies (n = 25). Results: Five interventions were identified, and 20/25 were effective at reducing alcohol consumption. Other interventions reported a decrease in depression and an increase in medication compliance. Primary barriers to the adoption of mHealth interventions are a requirement to train users, some are equally as effective as the traditional means of treatment, cost, and computer literacy. Conclusion: While not all mHealth interventions demonstrated statistically significant reduction in alcohol consumption, most are still clinically effective to treat AUD and provide a patient with their preference of a technologically inclined treatment Most interventions require training of users and some technology literacy, the barriers identified were very few compared with the litany of positive results.
The Effects of Imprisonment in a Time of Mass Incarceration

Imprisonment has deleterious effects on prisoners’ mental, physical, social, and economic well-being. These harms are long lasting and affect prisoners’ partners and children. In the United States and elsewhere, imprisonment disproportionately inflicts these harms on people of color and people living in poverty. Although imprisonment is regarded as a reasonable and effective means of protecting the public, it is not, when compared with nonconfinement alternatives, an effective way to achieve public safety. Two broad sets of policy reforms would be better: retroactive and prospective sentencing reforms that reduce reliance on confinement for all types of offenses, including violent crimes, and broad initiatives that reduce reliance on prison and jails while also investing in housing, education, treatment, health, and communities. Researchers and policy analysts need to engage in problem-solving research that examines not only incarceration’s effects but alternative ongoing efforts to achieve public safety and justice.
Embryonic and Larval Development Stages of the African Catfish Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822) (Teleostei, Clariidae) in The Ouargla, Algeria

This study was designed to investigate for the first time in the region of Ouargla, Algeria, the events and timing of the embryonic development of African catfish, C. gariepinus (Burchell, 1822). The embryonic development was carefully monitored using a binocular magnifier 10 and 20 lenses that reveal details on live specimens from fertilization to the first take of food. The offensive and foul odor continues to be the characteristic smell of the hatching stage. Pigmentation and continuous spread of cephalo-caudal melanophore in fry hatched on the first day. The barely hatched larvae are photo-phobic. The yellow reserve is reduced and leads to the ability to swim easily, and the majority starts feeding on the fourth day. The vitellin reserve is significantly reduced, allowing the larvae to feed exogenously. The events observed in our opinion demonstrate the presence of two exceptionally critical parameters: the use of a high-quality diet and the guarantee of a clean and quality source of water, meeting the standards of aquaculture farming.
Wireless charging for cardiac pacemakers based on class‐D power amplifier and a series–parallel spider‐web coil

Biomedical implants (BMIs) and biomedical sensors (BMSs) help to improve quality of life, detect diseases, provide monitoring of vital signs, and take over the role of malfunctioning organs. These implants and sensors require continuous battery power to work effectively, but the batteries used are restricted by their limited capacity and lifetime. This research reported here involved the design and implementation of a wireless charging system based on a series–parallel spider‐web coil (WPT‐SP‐SWC), specifically for cardiac pacemakers. The experimental design investigated several important parameters, including air gap, applied source voltage, coil size, and operating frequency. Performance metrics were evaluated in terms of output DC voltage, delivered output power, and power transfer efficiency. The target voltage was 5 V, which is adequate to charge a BMI such as a pacemaker, and three source voltages (5, 15, and 25 V) were tested. The design was examined at six operating frequencies, ranging from 1.78 MHz to 6.78 MHz. The most favorable results were achieved at 1.78 MHz. Power transfer efficiencies at a 10 mm air gap were 95.75% and 92.08% for applied voltages of 5 V and 15 V, respectively. The effectiveness of the proposed system was also validated by comparing the findings with previous articles.
Macroeconomics of Systemic Risk: Transmission Channels and Technical Integration

The avenue to find a balanced assessment of systemic financial institutions needs the integration of macro and micro granular datasets. This paper investigates how macroeconomic shocks affect systemic risk through several transmission channels. Employing Indonesia datasets over 2008–2019, we regressed three market models: CoVaR, MES, and SRISK using fixed effect, random effect, GARCH(1,1), and finite mixture models. The findings show that stock beta, market index, and exchange rate volatility amplify the systemic risk while the liquidity spread outcome varies due to different of model variables and the deepness of the country’s financial market. We propose a practical systemic risk assessment framework and samples of technical integration to capture the overall risk endogenously and externally expose the systemically important financial institutions.
The emerging roles of heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein C in cancer and other diseases

Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein C (hnRNPC) is a DNA/RNA-binding protein and regulates a huge range of biological processes and disease pathogeneses. hnRNPC recognizes and binds to specific RNA substrates and DNA motifs and is involved in the transcription, splicing processing and stability of a variety of RNA molecules. Besides, hnRNPC maintains the function of telomere, while the dysregulation of hnRNPC is related to the development of various tumors and virus-related diseases. This paper focuses on the role and mechanism of hnRNPC in RNA metabolism, tumors and virus-related diseases.
The Effects of H2S and Recombinant Human Hsp70 on Inflammation Induced by SARS and Other Agents In Vitro and In Vivo

The ongoing epidemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection led to the search for fundamentally new ways and means to combat inflammation and other pathologies caused by this virus. Using a cellular model of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced sepsis (human promonocytes), we showed that both a hydrogen sulfide donor (sodium thiosulfate, STS) and a recombinant Heat shock protein 70 (rHsp70) effectively block all major inflammatory mediators when administrated before and after LPS challenge. The protective anti-inflammatory effect of rHsp70 and H2S was also confirmed in vivo using various animal models of pneumonia. Specifically, it was found that rHsp70 injections prevented the development of the acute respiratory distress syndrome in highly pathogenic pneumonia in mice, increased animal survival, and reduced the number of Programmed death-1 (PD-1)-positive T-lymphocytes in peripheral blood. Based on our model experiments we developed a combined two-phase therapeutic approach for the treatment of COVID-19 patients. This procedure includes the inhalation of hot helium–oxygen mixtures for induction of endogenous Hsp70 in the first phase and STS inhalation in the second phase. The use of this approach has yielded positive results in COVID-19 patients, reducing the area of lung lesions, restoring parameters of innate immunity and T-cell immune response against coronavirus infection, and preventing the development of pulmonary fibrosis and immune exhaustion syndrome.
: Short-term effects of exposure to particulate matter on hospital admissions for asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

We investigated the effects of particulate matter (PM) factors on hospitalization rates for asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). We obtained data on pollutants—PM10, PM2.5—in Seoul, South Korea. We also investigated data for asthma and COPD exacerbation that required hospitalization from 2006 to 2016. We used a time-stratified case-crossover design and generalized additive models with log transformation to assess adjusted risk, and conditional logistic regression was performed to analyze these data. Our study showed that PM10 and PM2.5, on different best lag days, were associated with increased risks of COPD or asthma hospitalization. The odds ratios (ORs) for each per-unit increase in PM10 and PM2.5 were higher in patients with male asthma (PM10: OR, 1.012; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.008–1.016 and PM2.5: OR, 1.015; 95% CI, 1008–1.023), preschool asthma (PM10: OR, 1.015; 95% CI, 1.006–1.015 and PM2.5: OR, 1.015; 95% CI, 1.009–1.024), male COPD (PM10: OR, 1.012; 95% CI, 1.005–1.019 and PM2.5: OR, 1.013; 95% CI, 1.000–1.026), and senior COPD (PM10: OR, 1.016; 95% CI, 1.008–1.024 and PM2.5: OR, 1.022; 95% CI, 1.007–1.036). Increasing PM levels increased hospitalizations for asthma and COPD. Additionally, the consequences may be different according to age and sex, and PM2.5 may have a more significant effect on airway disease patients than PM10.
Characterization of potential probiotic in digestive tract of Mugil cephalus (Linnaeus, 1758)

Probiotics are beneficial microbes in living things that are useful for improving the balance of microbes in the digestive tract and have a positive influence on the physiology and healthiness of the host. This study aimed to obtain bacterial isolates that could be used as probiotics from striped mullet (Mugil cephalus) and to characterize it macroscopically, microscopically, and biochemically. Isolation of probiotic bacteria was carried out using the spread plate method. The medium used to isolate probiotic bacteria was MRSA (De Man Rogose Sharpe Agar) medium. The probiotic test was carried out by hydrolysis of starch and casein. The diversity of bacterial morphology was observed based on macroscopic, microscopic, and biochemical tests. A total of 2 probiotic bacteria (PIB 1 and PIB 2) were obtained. The characterization results showed that the two probiotic bacteria belonged to the Gram-positive bacteria, in the form of bacilli which had different colony morphology. The results of morphological and biochemical tests indicated that one bacterial isolate belonged to the genus Bacillus (PIB 1) and the other isolate belonged to the genus Lactobacillus (PIB 2).
The Influence of Exchange Rate and Foreign Capital on the Performance of Inflation Targeting Framework in Indonesia

This study provides empirical evidence on the problem of the trilemma of monetary policy in an open economy, in the context of the effect of exchange rates and foreign capital flows on the performance of the ITF in Indonesia. The method used as an empirical estimate is the Structural Vector Autoregressive (SVAR) model. This model allows to include restrictions in the empirical estimation of parameters that measure the contemporaneous effect of one variable on another variable according to the structure of the macroeconomic model. Meanwhile, the lagged effects are estimated according to the VAR model. Therefore, the SVAR model is considered more appropriate than the ordinary VAR model because it can measure both the instantaneous effect and the intertemporal effect of the problem under study. The SVAR model uses restrictions that are consistent with the theoretical model in its estimation, regardless of the time-to-time effect of one variable on another. There are 9 variables in the SVAR model, namely: global risk, oil prices, federal funds rate, economic growth, inflation, interest rates, monetary policy, credit interest rates, foreign portfolio investment flows, and the rupiah exchange rate. All data used were obtained from several sources, including: Bank Indonesia, Central Statistics Agency, and IMF. Based on the estimation results, the exchange rate and foreign capital flows have a significant effect on inflation and economic growth, thus affecting the performance of the ITF in Indonesia. In particular, there is a relative influence between external factors, particularly global commodity prices, US monetary policy interest rates, and global risks, and domestic factors, particularly economic growth, monetary policy interest rates, and bank interest or credit rates. This study also concludes that in addition to inflation and economic growth considerations, Bank Indonesia also considers exchange rate movements in determining its interest rate policy response.
Evaluate the severity of bone impairment in different types of sickle cell anemia in Basrah province- Iraq

Sickle cell anemia (SCD) is one of the important health problems in Basrah, southern Iraq. which is probably the most common known hereditary blood disorder. patients with sickle cell disorders often suffer from chronic hemolytic anemia, which causes bone marrow hyperplasia too. The present study aimed to evaluate the severity of bone impairment in different types of sickle cell anemia in patients. Patients with SCA (n=120) 60 males and 60 females were on follow up in the Basra center for Hereditary Blood Disease, who were included in this study and age and sex matched healthy persons (n=60) as controls. biomarkers had important role in many biological processes. measure serum levels of different biomarkers such as; BCTx, BSAP, CRP, DPD, IGF-1, OT, TRACP-5b, FER, IGFBPT, Intact (iPTH), Ostase, PINP and serum Ca+. Using Kruskal-Wallis test as statistical test, markers in sickle cell anemia and control groups. The results showed were statistical significant differences among the groups of patients included in this study and control group for all the biomarkers that were measured (P=0.0001). Conclusion: The compound heterozygous(Hb SC Hb S/β-thal, ) are less severe than the homozygous genotype (HbSS).
Entrepreneurial competence perceived by university students: Quantitative and descriptive analysis

According to the scientific literature, the entrepreneur is the key to entrepreneurship, which is an essential process for the economic and social development of a country. Within the framework of the psychological traits or attributes of the entrepreneur, entrepreneurial skills and vocation, which are the prelude to entrepreneurial intention and behaviour, are currently necessary – considering that young people will form the next generation of entrepreneurs and that higher education plays a fundamental role in entrepreneurship. This paper's main objective is to analyse university students' perceptions about their competence and vocation for entrepreneurship in this context. The research has been carried out in a sample of Spanish university students (N=380) using a quantitative, descriptive, and discriminant methodology. The obtained results allow us to conclude that young people view entrepreneurship competencies positively and have a vocation for entrepreneurship but do not consider themselves competent or self-efficient. Further, specific and significant gender differences have been identified in young people's perceptions, in line with other authors' conclusions and with the GEM reports. All these findings, which make up novel contributions, are of great use in promoting entrepreneurship in university.
Promotion of Food and Beverages by German-Speaking Influencers Popular with Adolescents on TikTok, YouTube and Instagram

The promotion of nutritionally poor food and beverages (F&B) has a proven effect on children’s eating preferences and, therefore, plays a significant role in today’s childhood obesity epidemic. This study’s objective was to assess the prevalence (exposure) and context (power) of the F&B cues in influencer content across three platforms: TikTok, YouTube, and Instagram. The selected influencers were popular with adolescents, with a combined total of more than 34 million followers/subscribers. We employed the YouTube Influencer Marketing Protocol from the World Health Organization (WHO) as our basis for coding. We analysed a total of 360 videos/posts and, of these, 24% contained F&B cues, which is equivalent to 18.1 F&B cues/hour. In total, 77% of the cues were not permitted for children’s advertising, according to WHO criteria, and this was stable across all platforms, with chocolate and sugary confectionery (23%) as the most frequently featured products. Not-permitted F&B had a four-times higher chance of being branded, a five-times higher chance of being described positively, and received significantly more ‘likes’. In 62% of the analysed presentations, the branded product was mentioned, yet only 6% of the content was labelled as advertising. The present analysis delivers further grounds for discussion for policies and regulations of influencer marketing.
Commonness and Risk Factors Associated with Gastrointestinal Parasitic Infections among Inmates of Port Harcourt Children’s Home

Background: Gastrointestinal parasites are important health problems among most societies. Objectives: Prevalence and risk factors associated with gastrointestinal parasites among inmates of Port Harcourt children home. Methods: This prospective study was carried out in August and September 2019 at the Port Harcourt children home. Fecal samples were collected from 63 healthy looking inmates and examined macroscopically and microscopically (using normal saline and iodine wet mount, formalin-ether sedimentation and modified Ziehl Neelsen staining) methods. Finally, data was analyzed using descriptive statistics and Chi-square (X2) test. Results: Result showed that 74.6% (47/63) of the female and 25.4% (16/63) of the male tested positive for GIPs. Age group 11-15 years had prevalence of 17(44.8%). The common parasites identified were A. lumbricoides 10(15.9%), T. trichiura 7(11.1%) and hookworm (Ancylostoma duodenale) 2(3.2%). The educational level prevalence of 10(52.6%) was observed among the primary level (p<0.05). The risk factors such as: the use of drug in the last three months, hand washing with soap after using the toilet and washing of hands after contact with soil had significance of p<0.05 while putting on foot wear outside the house p>0.05. Conclusion: The distribution of gastrointestinal parasitic infections is high among the children. Necessary treatment intervention safety measures should be routinely carried out to reduce the spread to zero tolerance.