Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
General decay of solutions to a viscoelastic wave equation with linear damping, nonlinear damping and source term

ABSTRACT This paper is concerned with the decay property of a nonlinear viscoelastic wave equation with linear damping, nonlinear damping and source term. Under weaker assumption on the relaxation function, we establish a general decay result, which extends the result obtained in Messaoudi [Exponential decay of solutions of a nonlinearly damped wave equation. Nodea-Nonlinear Differ Equat Appl. 2005;12:391–399].
Coarse graining equations for flow in porous media: a HaarWavelets and renormalization approach

Coarse graining of equations for flow in porous media is an important aspect in modelling permeable subsurface geological systems. In the study of hydrocarbon reservoirs as well as in hydrology, there is a need for reducing the size of the numerical models to make them computationally efficient, while preserving all the relevant information which is given at different scales. In the first part, a new renormalization method for upscaling permeability in Darcy’s equation based on Haar wavelets is presented, which differs from other wavelet based methods. The pressure field is expressed as a set of averages and differences, using a one level Haar wavelet transform matrix. Applying this transform to the finite difference discretized form of Darcy’s law, one can deduce which permeability values on the coarse scale would give rise to the average pressure field. Numerical simulations were performed to test this technique on homogeneous and heterogeneous systems. A generalization of the above method was developed designing a hierarchical transform matrix inspired by a full Haar wavelet transform, which allows us to describe pressure as an average and a set of progressively smaller scale differences. Using this transform the pressure solution can be performed at the required level of detail, allowing for different resolutions to be kept in different parts of the system. A natural extension of the methods is the application to two-phase flow. Upscaling mobility allows the saturation profile to be calculated on the fine or coarse scale while based on coarse pressure values. To conclude, an alternative approach to upscaling in multi-phase flow is to upscale the saturation equation itself. Taking its Laplace transform, this equation can be reduced to a simple eigenvalue problem. The wavelet upscaling method can now be applied to calculate the upscaled saturation profile, starting with fine scale velocity data.
An efficient projection method for nonlinear inverse problems with sparsity constraints

In this paper, we propose a modification of the accelerated projective steepest descent method for solving nonlinear inverse problems with an $\ell_1$ constraint on the variable, which was recently proposed by Teschke and Borries (2010 Inverse Problems 26 025007). In their method, there are some parameters need to be estimated, which is a difficult task for many applications. We overcome this difficulty by introducing a self-adaptive strategy in choosing the parameters. Theoretically, the convergence of their algorithm was guaranteed under the assumption that the underlying mapping $F$ is twice Frechet differentiable together with some other conditions, while we can prove weak and strong convergence of the proposed algorithm under the condition that $F$ is Frechet differentiable, which is a relatively weak condition. We also report some preliminary computational results and compare our algorithm with that of Teschke and Borries, which indicate that our method is efficient.
Cytoreductive surgery for synchronous and metachronous colorectal peritoneal dissemination: Japanese P classification and peritoneal cancer index

Abstract Aim The outcomes of cytoreductive surgery (CRS) for synchronous and metachronous colorectal peritoneal dissemination were investigated using the Japanese P classification and peritoneal cancer index (PCI). Methods CRS was performed in 111 cases of synchronous peritoneal dissemination and 115 cases of metachronous peritoneal dissemination. The P classification and PCI were determined at the time of laparotomy. Results In the synchronous dissemination group, the 5‐year overall survival rates after CRS in P1/P2 and P3 cases were 51% and 13%, respectively. Even for P3, 51% of the patients achieved macroscopic cytoreductive complete resection (CC‐0), with a 5‐year survival rate of 40%. When P3 cases were classified into PCI 0–9, 10–19, 20–29, and 30–39, CC‐0 was achieved in 93%, 70%, 6%, and 0% of the cases, respectively, and the 5‐year survival rate of PCI 0–9 was 41%. In the metachronous dissemination group, the 5‐year survival rates were 62% for PCI 0–9 and 22% for PCI 10–19; 5‐year survival was not observed in patients with a PCI ≥ 20. CC‐0 was significantly associated with the postoperative prognosis in both synchronous and metachronous peritoneal dissemination. Conclusion In cases of synchronous dissemination, CRS must be performed for P1 and P2 cases or those with a PCI < 10, while detailed examination using PCI is required for P3 cases. In cases of metachronous dissemination, CRS should be considered when the PCI score is <20.
A multi-wavelength classification system for the evolution of star clusters

Abstract The availability of high spatial resolution molecular gas observations from ALMA, and similar resolution observations in the radio continuum using the VLA, is providing the opportunity to make comparisons with specific features seen in optical observations more directly than in the past. Using our ALMA observations of the Antennae galaxies as a springboard, we have compared the locations of small-scale CO (3−2) features with a variety of multi-wavelength observations, in particular optical and near-infrared imaging using both broad (UBVI) and narrow-band data (Hα and Paβ) taken with the HST, and radio (3.6 cm) continuum observations taken with the VLA. This comparison leads to the development of an evolutionary classification system which provides a framework for studying the sequence of star cluster formation and evolution, from diffuse Giant Molecular Clouds (GMCs), to proto, embedded, emerging, young, and intermediate/old star clusters. Using this evolutionary framework, we estimate the maximum age range of clusters formed in a single GMC is approximately 10 Myr. This suggests that the molecular gas is removed over this timescale, resulting in the cessation of star formation and the destruction of the GMC within a radius of about 200 pc.
Intrinsic and extrinsic doping of ZnO and ZnO alloys

In this article the doping of the oxidic compound semiconductor ZnO is reviewed with special emphasis on n-type doping. ZnO naturally exhibits n-type conductivity, which is used in the application of highly doped n-type ZnO as a transparent electrode, for instance in thin film solar cells. For prospective application of ZnO in other electronic devices (LEDs, UV photodetectors or power devices) p-type doping is required, which has been reported only minimally. Highly n-type doped ZnO can be prepared by doping with the group IIIB elements B, Al, Ga, and In, which act as shallow donors according to the simple hydrogen-like substitutional donor model of Bethe (1942 Theory of the Boundary Layer of Crystal Rectifiers (Boston, MA: MIT Rad Lab.)). Group IIIA elements (Sc, Y, La etc) are also known to act as shallow donors in ZnO, similarly explainable by the shallow donor model of Bethe. Some reports showed that even group IVA (Ti, Zr, Hf) and IVB (Si, Ge) elements can be used to prepare highly doped ZnO films—which, however, can no longer be explained by the simple hydrogen-like substitutional donor model. More probably, these elements form defect complexes that act as shallow donors in ZnO. On the other hand, group V elements on oxygen lattice sites (N, P, As, and Sb), which were viewed for a long time as typical shallow acceptors, behave instead as deep acceptors, preventing high hole concentrations in ZnO at room temperature. Also, ‘self’-compensation, i.e. the formation of a large number of intrinsic donors at high acceptor concentrations seems to counteract the p-type doping of ZnO. At donor concentrations above about 1020 cm−3, the electrical activation of the dopant elements is often less than 100%, especially in polycrystalline thin films. Reasons for the electrical deactivation of the dopant atoms are (i) the formation of dopant-defect complexes, (ii) the compensation of the electrons by acceptors (Oi, VZn) or (iii) the formation of secondary phases, for instance Al2O3, Ga2O3 etc. The strong influence of the different deposition methods and annealing conditions on the doping of ZnO is discussed. This review shows that, though it is one of the best-investigated oxide compound semiconductors over many decades, understanding of the details of the doping properties and mechanisms of zinc oxide is still in its infancy. Based on this review, prospective research opportunities are devised.
FLOCKING AND PATTERN MOTION IN A MODIFIED CUCKER-SMALE MODEL

Abstract. Self-organizing systems arise very naturally in artificial intelligence, and in physical, biological and social sciences. In this paper, we modify the classic Cucker-Smale model at both microscopic and macroscopic levels by taking the target motion pattern driving forces into consideration. Such target motion pattern driving force functions are properly defined for the line-shaped motion pattern and the ball-shaped motion pattern. For the modified Cucker-Smale model with the prescribed line-shaped motion pattern, we have analytically shown that there is a flocking pattern with an asymptotic flocking velocity. This is illustrated by numerical simulations using both symmetric and non-symmetric pairwise influence functions. For the modified Cucker-Smale model with the prescribed ball-shaped motion pattern, our simulations suggest that the solution also converges to the prescribed motion pattern.
The Exacerbation of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Which Symptom is Most Important to Monitor?

Background GOLD 2023 defines an exacerbation of COPD (ECOPD) by a deterioration of breathlessness at rest (BaR), mucus and cough. The severity of an ECOPD is determined by the degree of BaR, ranging from 0 to 10. However, it is not known which symptom is the most important one to detect early of an ECOPD, and which symptom that predicts future ECOPDs best. Thus, the purpose of the present study was to find out which symptom is the most important one to monitor. Methods We analysed data on COPD symptoms from the telehealth study The eHealth Diary. Frequent exacerbators (n = 27) were asked to daily monitor BaR and breathlessness at physical activity (BaPA), mucus and cough, employing a digital pen and symptom scales (0–10). Twenty-seven patients with 105 ECOPDs were analysed. The association between symptom development and the occurrence of exacerbations was evaluated using the Andersen–Gill formulation of the Cox proportional hazards model for the analysis of recurrent time-to-event data with time-varying predictors. Results According to the criteria proposed by GOLD 2023, 42% ECOPDs were mild, 48% were moderate and 5% were severe, while 6% were undefinable. Mucus and cough improved over study time, while BaR and BaPA deteriorated. Mucus appeared earliest, which was the most prominent feature of the average exacerbation, and worsening of mucus increased the risk for a future ECOPD. There was a 58% increase in the risk of exacerbation per unit increase in mucus score. Conclusion This study suggests that mucus worsening is the most important COPD symptom to monitor to detect ECOPDs early and to predict future risk för ECOPDs. In the present study, we also noticed a pronounced difference between GOLD 2022 and 2023. Hence, GOLD 2023 defined the ECOPD severity much lower than GOLD 2022 did.
High-resolution simulations of cylindrical gravity currents in a rotating system

Cylindrical gravity currents, produced by a full-depth lock release, in a rotating system are investigated by means of three-dimensional high-resolution simulations of the incompressible variable-density Navier–Stokes equations with the Coriolis term and using the Boussinesq approximation for a small density difference. Here, the depth of the fluid is chosen to be the same as the radius of the cylindrical lock and the ambient fluid is non-stratified. Our attention is focused on the situation when the ratio of Coriolis to inertia forces is not large, namely $0.1\leqslant {\mathcal{C}}\leqslant 0.3$ , and the non-rotating case, namely ${\mathcal{C}}=0$ , is also briefly considered. The simulations reproduce the major features observed in the laboratory and provide more detailed flow information. After the heavy fluid contained in a cylindrical lock is released in a rotating system, the influence of the Coriolis effects is not significant during the initial one-tenth of a revolution of the system. During the initial one-tenth of a revolution of the system, Kelvin–Helmholtz vortices form and the rotating cylindrical gravity currents maintain nearly perfect axisymmetry. Afterwards, three-dimensionality of the flow quickly develops and the outer rim of the spreading heavy fluid breaks away from the body of the current, which gives rise to the maximum dissipation rate in the system during the entire adjustment process. The detached outer rim of heavy fluid then continues to propagate outward until a maximum radius of propagation is attained. The body of the current exhibits a complex contraction–relaxation motion and new outwardly propagating pulses form regularly in a period slightly less than half-revolution of the system. Depending on the ratio of Coriolis to inertia forces, such a contraction–relaxation motion may be initiated after or before the attainment of a maximum radius of propagation. In the contraction–relaxation motion of the heavy fluid, energy is transformed between potential energy and kinetic energy, while it is mainly the kinetic energy that is consumed by the dissipation. As a new pulse initially propagates outward, the potential energy in the system increases at the expense of decreasing kinetic energy, until a local maximum of potential energy is reached. During the latter part of the new pulse propagation, the kinetic energy in the system increases at the expense of decreasing potential energy, until a local minimum of potential energy is reached and another new pulse takes form. With the use of three-dimensional high-resolution simulations, the lobe-and-cleft structure at the advancing front can be clearly observed. The number of lobes is maintained only for a limited period of time before merger between existing lobes occurs when a maximum radius of propagation is approached. The high-resolution simulations complement the existing shallow-water formulation, which accurately predicts many important features and provides insights for rotating cylindrical gravity currents with good physical assumptions and simple mathematical models.
The Role of Selenium in Atherosclerosis Development, Progression, Prevention and Treatment

Selenium is an essential trace element that is essential for various metabolic processes, protection from oxidative stress and proper functioning of the cardiovascular system. Se deficiency has long been associated with multiple cardiovascular diseases, including endemic Keshan’s disease, common heart failure, coronary heart disease, myocardial infarction and atherosclerosis. Through selenoenzymes and selenoproteins, Se is involved in numerous crucial processes, such as redox homeostasis regulation, oxidative stress, calcium flux and thyroid hormone metabolism; an unbalanced Se supply may disrupt these processes. In this review, we focus on the importance of Se in cardiovascular health and provide updated information on the role of Se in specific processes involved in the development and pathogenesis of atherosclerosis (oxidative stress, inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, vascular calcification and vascular cell apoptosis). We also discuss recent randomised trials investigating Se supplementation as a potential therapeutic and preventive agent for atherosclerosis treatment.
Visual Explanation of Multidimensional Projections

Multidimensional Projections (MPs) are key tools used to support the analysis of multidimensional data. MPs can project data to a low dimensional representation, typically visualized as a 2D scatterplot where similar elements are conveniently positioned in close neighborhoods. However such visualizations tells us which points are similar, but not why. Our aim is, thus, to enrich 2D MP scatterplots with explanatory information telling users which key dimensions make closely-projected points similar.
5-Bromo-2’-deoxyuridine labeling: historical perspectives, factors influencing the detection, toxicity, and its implications in the neurogenesis

The halopyrimidine 5-bromo-2′-deoxyuridine (BrdU) is an exogenous marker of DNA synthesis. Since the introduction of monoclonal antibodies against BrdU, an increasing number of methodologies have been used for the immunodetection of this synthesized bromine-tagged base analogue into replicating DNA. BrdU labeling is widely used for identifying neuron precursors and following their fate during the embryonic, perinatal, and adult neurogenesis in a variety of vertebrate species including birds, reptiles, and mammals. Due to BrdU toxicity, its incorporation into replicating DNA presents adverse consequences on the generation, survival, and settled patterns of cells. This may lead to false results and misinterpretation in the identification of proliferative neuroblasts. In this review, I will indicate the detrimental effects of this nucleoside during the development of the central nervous system, as well as the reliability of BrdU labeling to detect proliferating neuroblasts. Moreover, it will show factors influencing BrdU immunodetection and the contribution of this nucleoside to the study of prenatal, perinatal, and adult neurogenesis. Human adult neurogenesis will also be discussed. It is my hope that this review serves as a reference for those researchers who focused on detecting cells that are in the synthetic phase of the cell cycle.
HUMIC ACID APPLICATION IMPROVES THE GROWTH, FLORET AND BULB INDICES OF GLADIOLUS (Gladiolus grandiflorus L.)

Humic acid is an organic acid having positive effect on plant growth. The presentstudy was carried out to see the effect of humic acid in combination with NPK on soil for growth,flower production and vase life of gladiolus flowers. Five treatments i.e. nitrogen, phosphorous, potash(NPK) (17:17:17) (10 g), 8% humic acid (1.0 mL) + NPK (17:17:17) (10 g), 8% humic acid (2.0 mL)+ NPK (17:17:17) (10 g), 8% humic acid (3.0 mL) + NPK (17:17:17) (10g) were studied, whereastreatment without exogenous feeding of NPK and humic acid served as control. All the treatments were applied at plating and 3rd leaf stage through soil. All the treatments were arranged in randomized complete block design (RCBD) in triplicate. Results depicted that humic acid (3.0 mL) in combinationwith NPK (17:17:17) produced higher sprouting, plant height, number of leaves per plant, leaf area,spike length, spike diameter, stem length, flower characteristics, vase life, number of cormels plant-1diameter of cormels and weight of cormels per plant than all other treatments. However, plants grownwithout application of humic acid (only NPK) showed relatively less and least growth characteristicsand poor floral and bulb indices as compared to other treatments. It could be concluded that humic acidapplication can increase the vase life by increasing growth indices such as leaf area, fresh and dryweight of floret.
Jet clustering dependence of Higgs boson production in vector-boson fusion

Precise predictions for Higgs production via vector-boson fusion play an important role when testing the properties of the Higgs boson and probing new-physics effects. While the inclusive cross section changes little when including NNLO and N3LO QCD corrections, a differential NNLO calculation with typical VBF cuts shows large corrections of up to 10% in distributions. In this article, we investigate the dependence of the differential NNLO QCD calculation on the jet definition. Starting from the known results at a fixed jet clustering choice, we use the electroweak H+3 jets production cross section at NLO precision to derive NNLO results for H+2 jets production for other jet definitions. We find that larger clustering radii significantly reduce the impact of NNLO corrections. The sizable NNLO corrections for distributions are largely caused by the broader energy flow inside jets at NNLO and are to be expected generally for processes with jets at LO.
A scoping review of the evidence available for the use of salons as health promotion environments, for the prevention and management of non-communicable diseases in women from different ethnic backgrounds

Introduction Women from different ethnic backgrounds are disproportionately affected by non-communicable diseases (NCDs). Underpinned by the community capital they harness, hairdressers have successfully delivered NCD prevention programmes, particularly for African-American women in disadvantaged areas. Integrating community organisations and networks into existing primary care pathways can provide a sustainable process to address inequalities in access to health care. This scoping review aimed to map the evidence about interventions based in beauty salons, particularly formative research phases, including co-development, community participation, theoretical or conceptual underpinnings, as well as aspects related to training and incentivisation of salon staff, evaluation and equity. Methods The methodological framework was based on the seminal guidance of Arksey and O’Malley, using the ‘PCC’ (participants, concept, context) structure with incorporation of other relevant materials. Studies eligible for inclusion were salon-based health interventions (concept) focused on NCDs prevention (context), targeting women (participants) from different ethnic backgrounds and published in English. The searches were conducted across PubMed, Web of Science and OVID in June 2020 and updated in January 2023, with reference lists also screened. The Reach, Effectiveness, Adoption, Implementation, and Maintenance RE-AIM framework was used to explore the potential public health impact. Results 419 titles and abstracts were screened, with eight (2%) meeting the inclusion criteria, all based in the United States of America. Two used formative phases to inform intervention development, three described evidence of co-development with key stakeholders or experts within the community and five studies referred to theoretical or conceptual frameworks. Incentivisation was provided to salon staff in five of the studies, and to clients in three of the studies. Four of the investigations collated data on socioeconomic characteristics of the target population. Discussion Formative research in the scoped studies was weakly reported upon. Community participation was implicit in each of the scoped studies, yet its application varied considerably. Theoretical and conceptual frameworks were not consistently used, and there was inadequate process evaluation to ensure equitable reach and retention of targeted groups, suggesting a more concerted effort to address health equity is needed for future interventions.