Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Seroprevalence of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) antibodies in backyard and small-scale chicken producer farms in Ethiopia

A cross-sectional study on seroprevalence of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) antibodies in backyard and small-scale chicken producer farms in Agarfa and Sinana districts was conducted using hemagglutination inhibition test (HAI) from February, 2015 to May, 2015. A total of 384 chicken sera were randomly collected from ten kebeles of the selected districts. Hemagglutination inhibition (HAI) test was used to analyze 384 chicken sera for NDV antibodies and the overall seroprevalence rate of 27.86% was found. A higher seroprevalence of 33.04% was observed in Sinana district when compared to Agarfa (20.13%) district. The prevalence in each kebele ranges from 15.63% to 40%; the highest prevalence of 40% was found at Horaboka, but insignificantly associated with Newcastle disease (ND) seropositivity. A Chi-square computed statistical analysis indicated that origin (χ2=7.6526; p <0.006), sex (χ2=6.9134; p <0.009) and type of chicken (layers/broilers) (χ2=11.2443; p <0.001) were the major risk factors for ND infection in the studied areas. The difference, however, was not statistically significant ( p >0.05) for age (adult/young), breed (exotic/cross/indigenous (local)), contact with other flocks, access to feed and water, and seasonal occurrence. Multivariable logistic regre ssion statistical analysis revealed that origin and type (layers/broilers) were significantly associated with ND seropositivity ( p <0.05). Consequently, origin was statistically identified to be the major risk factor for ND to occur in relation to other factors (Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) =2.12). The study showed that majority of the chicken population in the studied area was susceptible to the pathogenic NDV infection. Therefore, more proactive measures should be taken to protect the chicken population from ND infection to reduce its economic impact to the poultry industry.
Low-rank Matrix Optimization for Video Segmentation Rreseach

This paper investigates how to perform robust and efﬁcient unsupervised video segmentation while suppressing the effects of data noises and/or corruptions. The low-rank representation is pursued for video segmentation. The supervoxels afﬁnity matrix of an observed video sequence is given, low-rank matrix optimization seeks a optimal solution by making the matrix rank explicitly determined. We iteratively optimize them with closed-form solutions. Moreover, we incorporate a discriminative replication prior into our framework based on the obervation that small-size video patterns, and it tends to recur frequently within the same object. The video can be segmented into several spatio-temporal regions by applying the Normalized-Cut algorithm with the solved low-rank representation. To process the streaming videos, we apply our algorithm sequentially over a batch of frames over time, in which we also develop several temporal consistent constraints improving the robustness. Extensive experiments are on the public benchmarks, they demonstrate superior performance of our framework over other approaches．
EFFECT OF ENALAPRIL AND METFORMIN ON OXIDATIVE STRESS IN NEWLY DIAGNOSED TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS AND HYPERTENSIVE PATIENTS

ABSTRACT Objective: The present study was aimed to find out the impact of Enalapril and Metformin on oxidative stress (OS) in newly diagnosed diabetes mellitus and hypertensive patients. Methods: A free radical production was measured by lipid peroxidation and antioxidants like catalase, reduced glutathione, glutathione s-transferase, and superoxide dismutase were measured using ultraviolet spectrophotometer. Results: There was a significant decrease in free radical production and a significant increase in antioxidant enzymes in both the treatment groups. Conclusion: Enalapril and metformin combination in diabetic patients has a more significant effect on OS than metformin alone. This combination also has a significant effect on OS in diabetes and hypertension coexisting patients. Keywords: Oxidative stress, Enalapril, Metformin, Antioxidants.
Mothers Knowledge On Balanced Nutrition To Nutritional Status of Children in Puskesmas (Public Health Center) In The District of Pancoran, Southern Jakarta 2014

The main challenge to create the development of nation is how to develop the quality of human resources (HR) namely intelligent and productivity. The accomplishment to human development as measured by the Human Development Index (HDI) has not yet showed encouraging results. In 2013 for instance, Indonesia s HDI was still in rank 108 of 187 countries, which was unchanged from the before year 2012[1]. The condition of Low HDI is strongly affected by low nutritional and health status of the population. This can be observed from the still high infant mortality rate to 32/100,000 live births and under five mortality rate is 40/100,000 live births, and ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 4 Number 7 (2015) pp. 815-826 http://www.ijcmas. com
EFFECT OF CONCEPT MAPPING AND INQUIRY TEACHING METHODS ON SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS’ ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT IN BIOLOGY

The study investigated the effect of concept mapping and inquiry teaching methods on secondary school students’ academic achievement in biology. Two hypotheses tested at 0.05 level of significance guided the study. The design of the study was quasi-experimental design with 176 Senior Secondary two students from three purposively selected senior secondary schools in Adamawa state. Instrument used for data collection was an achievement test tagged Biology Students’ Achievement Test (BSAT) adapted from WAEC past questions 2005-2010. The instrument was content validated by three experts and was tested for reliability using crombach alpha method. The reliability coefficient of 0.78 was obtained. The treatment lasted for six weeks and data were analyzed using Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA). The result revealed that, concept mapping, inquiry and lecture methods enhanced students’ achievement in biology. Furthermore, there was no significant effect of gender on the students’ academic achievement in biology, post hoc analysis revealed that, concept mapping is better than inquiry and lecture, while inquiry is better than lecture method. It was recommended that, concept mapping and inquiry teaching methods should be incorporated in the teaching of biology, workshop should organize for practicing teachers.
ADHD : Subtyping is Revisited

The current ADHD with its diagnostic criteria and subtypes in DSM-5 seems not to be homogenous but heterogeneous with two distinct and unrelated subtypes of “inattention” and “hyperactivity/impulsivity”. Unfortunately, the majority of research samples in the literature are of combined subtype that is ill defined and usually is not consisted of 6 symptoms of either subtypes as required by DSM5, but some of the symptoms of each, in a mixed and arbitrary construct. Hence the literature and research have been very inconclusive over ADHD in all aspects. There are vast evidence and facts that ADHD of hyperactive-impulsive subtype is quite distinct from the inattentive subtype in every aspect of symptomatology, clinical course and outcomes, neuro-psychologically, neuro-biologically, genetically and in response to treatment, so they should not be under the same disease category.
A Study on the Prevalence of Diabetic Complications in Fasa Diabetes Clinic. Asian J. Med. Pharm. Res., 4(1): 68-72.;

Diabetes is a chronic disease with increasing prevalence which its treatment have a high cost and burden of disease. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of diabetes complication in the patients referred to Fasa diabetes clinic. This was a cross-sectional study from March 2009 up to September 2013 among 1131 referred diabetes patients. Anthropometric and demographic data were gathered, type of diabetes, duration of disease, blood pressure, serum glucose and lipid profile were measured. Chronic complications including neuropathy, retinopathy, nephropathy, cardiovascular disease and diabetic foot were recorded based on the physician reports. Mean±SD of age for diabetic patients was 51.8±12.9, less than one percent had gestational diabetes, 2.8% were diagnosed by type I diabetes and 96% had type II diabetes mellitus which 15.2% of them used insulin therapy, 81.1% oral hypoglycemic agents and 2% followed a dietary plan. More than one third of subjects had uncontrolled hyperlipidemia or hypertriglyceridemia. Neurologic and cardiovascular diseases were the most prevalent complications between diabetes patients; 33.8% and 26.8%, respectively. The prevalence of diabetic foot was 2.4%. The high prevalence of diabetic complications was considerable in Fasa diabetes patients. The lack of control for risk factors such as cholesterol, triglyceride, blood sugar and blood pressure make quality of treatment a major concern in Fasa.
Assessment of In-vitro and In-vivo Bioactivities Potential of Some Egyptian Wild Plants as Anti-Ulcerogenic Effect on male albino rats

Background: There is an abundance of herbal medicines that may introduce to cure the human patient for different syndromes with mild side effect. This study aimed to investigate In-vitro and In-vivo bioactivities potential of some Egyptian wild plants as anti-ulcerogenic on male albino rats. Polyphenols constitute a distinct group of natural compounds of medicinal plants as Monsonia nivea; Savignya parviflora; Heterocaryum subsessile, and Trigonella anguina ethanolic extracts exhibit a wide range of multi-physiological activities such as antioxidant, antiinflammatory, and anti-ulcerogenic activities. 1 st experiment In-vitro antioxidant properties DPPH radical assay; OH•; FRAP; TP; TF, NO, and flavonoid concentrations. Also, determine the Fe++/Ascorbate on mitochondria and microsomal fractions. Acid phosphatase; β-galactosidase; β-N-acetylglucosaminidase, and βglucuronidase were determined in liver lysosomes against CCl4. the 2 nd experiment carried out the In-vivo study, focusing the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-ulcerogenic activities of herbal cocktail ratio due to the best constituent results from the In-vitro study. Methods: Thirty-six male albino rats divided into six groups; 1 st group: control. 2 nd herbal cocktail group (100 mg/kg b.wt/day o.p) from Mn, Sp, Hs, and Ta extract with ratio 1:2:1:3 respectively, along with the experiment. The 3 rd group treated with acetylsalicylic acid (500mg/kg b.wt/day o.p) for three successive days (positive group). The 4 th group treated with herbal along 2 weeks then induction with ASA (protective group). The 5 th group treated with ranitidine (27 mg/kg b.wt/day o.p) after induction with ASA (curative ranitidine group). The 6 th group treated with herbal extract (27 mg/kg b.wt/day o.p) after induction with ASA (curative herbal cocktail group), the experiment lasted for 30 days. Results: Revealed data showed that the ASA induces a significant increase in blood leucocytes, neutrophils and stomach MDA, GSSG, NO, TNF-α, IL-6, and myeloperoxidase. On the other hand, ASA induces a significant decrease in blood RBCs and stomach GSH. Protective and curative effect of HC extract showed ameliorated effect for parameters near to control group. Conclusion: Obtained data concluded that individual wield herbal extract have In-vitro antioxidant, antiinflammatory and In-vivo antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-ulcerogenic properties due to reached flavonoids of the mixture.
Econometric Analysis of Influences of Trade Openness, Economic Growth and Urbanization on Greenhouse Gas Emission in Africa (1960-2010)

This study investigated the influences of economic growth, increased urbanization and trade openness on carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) emissions in Africa. The study used time series data accessed from World Bank Data Base and Environmental Information Association (EIA) covering 51 years (1960-2010). The data were subjected to various econometric tests including Unit root tests before applying the bound test for cointegration using Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL). It was found that GDP growth rate (p<0.05) and trade openness (p<0.05) were the major long-run and short-run determinants of emissions (Green House Gas emissions) on the continent. The findings which agreed with other environmental economists’ and Kuznet’s postulation informed us to recommend that African countries should begin to take proactive measures that will bring about green economy on the continent. Keywords: Green House Gas Emission in Africa, Economic Growth, Trade Openness, Urbanization
Effects of Almond Seed Oil Extraction and Some Antioxidant Agents on Sperm Quality in Alloxan-Induced Diabetes Mellitus Rat

Introduction Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a condition with high frequency worldwide thus the disease constitutes a major health concern. Presently, it is an incurable metabolic disorder that affects about 2.8% of the global population (Etuk, 2010). The frequency of diabetes has been rising rapidly from 135 million in 1995 to an estimated 380 million in 2025 (Vassort and Turan, 2010). It has shown about 90% of diabetic patient suffer from a deficiency in sexual disturbance including libido and fertility (Scarano et al., 2006).
L-Glutamine Therapy Reduces Hospitalization for Sickle Cell Anemia and Sickle β°-Thalassemia Patients at Six Months – A Phase II Randomized Trial

Yutaka Niihara1, Henry Macan1, James R. Eckman2, Han Koh3, Melanie L Cooper2, Thomas R Ziegler2, Rafael Razon1, Kouichi R Tanaka1, Charles W Stark4* and Cage S Johnson4 1Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA 2Grady Medical Center Atlanta GA, USA 3Kaiser Permanente Medical Center, Bellflower, CA, USA 4University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
UNDERSTANDING AND RESPONDING TO YOUTH SAVINGS BEHAVIOUR: EVIDENCE FROM UNDERGRADUATES IN THE WAR TORN REGIONS OF SRI LANKA

Researches on savings have been conducted in many contexts, but studies on youth saving behaviour in war torn areas are a few. The objective of this studyis to bring out the psychological factors that influence saving behavior of undergraduates of Northern and Eastern part of Sri Lanka. Based on the theory of planned behavior, four variables were identified and hypotheses were formed to test the influence of them on saving behavior. Central tendency measures, correlation analysis and regression analysis were conducted to measure the level, association and impact of the variables. The findings werepositive towards financial literacy, parentalsocialization and peer influence; self –control failed to register significant relationship. Parental socialization, peer influence and financial literacy contributed for the variance in the saving behavior by 31.5% , 10% and6.5% respectively. The insignificance of selfcontrol calls for further research in this area.
Synthesis, Characterization and Antimicrobial Studies of Stem Bark Mediated Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles From Adansonia digitata (L.)

In the present study green synthesis of silver nanopartiles (SNPs) is prepared by using aqueous stem bark extract of Adansonia digitata (L.) as a reducing, stabilizing and capping agent. The synthesized SNPs are characterized by UV-VIS Spectroscopy, FTIR, XRD, AFM, SEM with EDAX and TEM. Validation of SNPs was performed on 07 bacterial species and 05 fungal species. For preliminary conformation of SNPs to observe the colour change from light brown to thick brown shows the formation silver nanoaprticles and the 450 nms of UV-VIS studies shows the further confirmation of synthesized nanoparticles are SNPs. FTIR studies shows that the Phenols, Alkynes and Primary amines of Proteins are mainly responsible for the reduction of nanopartilces and AFM, SEM and TEM studies shows that the particles are spherical in shape and having the size between 5 to 30 nms. The EDAX pattern shows the 2.69 wieght percentage of silver present in the synthesized sample solution and XRD studies shows that the particles are mostly crystalline in nature. Further these biologically synthesized nanoparticles were found to be highly toxic against different multi drug resistant bacterial and fungal pathogens. This is the first report on synthesis of SNPs from stem bark of A. digitata was used for synthesis of SNPs and its antimicrobial studies.
Comparative Study between Usage of Meropenem/Gentamicin versus ceftazidime/Avibactam in the Treatment of ARDS Induced by both Lung Trauma and VAP

Introduction: Contused lungs threaten life of the polytrauma patients. Accumulation of fluid in the lungs markedly reduces oxygenation and facilitates development of Ventilator associated pneumonia (VAP). VAP is a subtype of health care acquired pneumonia with high mortality rate (45%). Antibiotics are considered as the corner stone of management in treatment of VAP. Aim: To evaluate and compare the effect of use of combination of meropenem/gentamicin versus the use of ceftazidime/avibactam in the treatment of ARDS induced by both VAP and lung contusion and early weaning from the ventilator and compare their effect on the mortality rate. Patients and methods: Prospective double blind study conducted on 200 patients of King Abdul-Aziz Specialized Hospital. Patients were allocated in two groups: Group A included 100 patients received meropenem/ gentamicin while Group B included another 100 patients received ceftazidime/avibactam. The duration of the study was 14 days. In this study, diagnosis of lung contusion confirmed by computerized axial tomography (CT) of the chest, while VAP Diagnosed by modified clinical pulmonary infection scores (CPIS). Results: 15, 38 and 46 patients in group A showed controlled tracheal secretion respectively in 3 studied period compared to 28, 75 and 83 in group B, less parenchymatous lung infiltration in the chest X-ray 12, 40 and 48 patients in group A compared to 24, 88 and 91 patients in group B, improvement of the hypoxic index 48, 76 and 85 patients in group A compared to 66, 90 and 98 patients in B, normalization of temperature 16, 36 and 54 patients in group A, while 40, 76 and 90 patients in B and reduction of total Leucocytic count 18, 35 and 57 patients in group A, while 38, 70 and 87 patients in group B, there was 15 out of 98 patients in group A not weaned while only 5out of 100 patients in group B cases failed to be weaned from mechanical ventilation within the studied period (2 weeks). Conclusion: The use of ceftazidime/avibactam more rapidly control all parameters of CPIS and provide faster weaning from the ventilator with non-significant lower mortality rate than meropenem/gentamicin.
Speciation and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern of Acinetobacter from Clinical Isolates in a Tertiary Care Centre

Acinetobacter has emerged as an important nosocomial pathogen involved in outbreaks of hospital infections. The ubiquitous organism has been recovered from hospital environment, from colonized or infected patients or from staff (Hand carriage). Despite the increasing significance and frequency of multidrug resistant Acinetobacter infections, many clinicians and microbiologists still lack an appreciation of importance of these organisms because of their confused taxonomic status. In India very few studies on Acinetobacter species have been reported and in view of their increasing importance in nosocomial infections further study is warranted in this part of world. In the present study attempt was made to type the Acinetobacter International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 4 Number 10 (2015) pp. 973-976 http://www.ijcmas. com
Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors Among HIV Patients

Metabolic disturbances and fat redistribution have been characterized in HIV-infected patients receiving combination antiretroviral therapy according to drug exposure and patterns of fat redistribution. In contrast, we investigated metabolic abnormalities in a well-characterized cohort of HIV-infected patients with clinical lipodystrophy in comparison with an established population of healthy control subjects with known cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk parameters. In order to establish the extent of lipid abnormalities, glucose intolerance, and increased CVD risk in HIV-infected men and women experiencing lipodystrophy, we evaluated metabolic and clinical parameters in comparison with healthy control subjects. We investigated sex-specific differences in CVD risk parameters and the extent to which fat redistribution contributes to the metabolic abnormalities in HIV infected men and women with lipodystrophy syndrome. This study demonstrates a constellation of metabolic abnormalities, including hyperinsulinemia and dyslipidemia, suggestive of a significant insulin resistance syndrome among HIV-infected patients with fat redistribution. In comparison, cardiovascular risk parameters are not substantially increased in HIV-infected patients without clinical evidence of fat redistribution. Although affected patients have a significant increase in waist-to-hip ratio, the observed metabolic abnormalities persist after adjustment for increased waist-to-hip ratio in male patients, and to a lesser degree in female patients, and may result from loss of peripheral or subcutaneous fat.
Factors Related to Poor Adherence to Oral Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor Treatments in Chronic Myeloid Leukemia Patients in Finland

Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a malignant hematologic disorder, which is fatal without a treatment. Oral tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) have revolutionized the treatment of CML and transformed the disease to a chronic condition that can be treated at patient's home. The common problem in the treatment of CML is patient's poor adherence to TKIs. The regular, consistent use of TKIs is crucial to keep disease under control. For this reason and to obtain an optimal treatment outcome, adherence to TKIs is extremely important. The aim of the study was to assess reasons for poor adherence to TKI-medications in Finnish CML-patients, including patient characteristics, treatment related factors, comorbidities and concomitant medications. In addition, patients' experiences, beliefs, knowledge and perception about CML and its treatment were explored and how these could contribute to nonadherent behaviour. This study is part of the larger study, assessing adherence to TKI treatment among Finnish CML population. The data was obtained by using patient questionnaires and semi-structured theme-interview during patient meetings in 2012. Study population consisted of Finnish adult CML patients who had been on TKI-medication (imatinib, nilotinib or dasatinib) for more than six months prior to the study baseline. Patients' adherence was measured using Morisky Medication Adherence 8-Item Scale (MMAS-8) and based on their score, patients were divided into three groups: high, medium and low adherence. Both quantitative and qualitative methods were used in data analysis. Study findings show that 21% (n=18) of the patients were low adherent and 23% (n=20) were high adherent to their treatment. Patient sociodemographic characteristics or experienced adverse drug reactions (ADRs) did not predict adherence, while more concomitant medications and comorbidities were associated with high adherence. However, ADRs had negative effect on the quality of life of several nonadherent patients. All nonadherent patients reported unintentional nonadherence and the most common reason was forgetting. Two-thirds of the patients (n=12) reported intentional nonadherence, which often was a result of experienced ADRs. The knowledge of CML and its treatment was poor among all patients while over half of the nonadherent patients (n=11) thought that they received enough information received. Overall, patients were very satisfied with care provided by the hospitals, physicians and other healthcare professionals. Managing TKI-treatment regimen is challenging for many patients and ADRs can have a negative impact on the quality of life. Healthcare professionals should regularly assess patient adherence and provide information and support for the patients to help them …