Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Diamond p-FETs using two-dimensional hole gas for high frequency and high voltage complementary circuits

Diamond is a wide bandgap semiconductor (bandgap: 5.5 eV). However, through impurity doping, diamond can become a p-type or n-type semiconductor. The minimum resistivity of p-type semiconductor diamond is less than 10−3 Ω cm, which is no more than that of silicon (Si). In contrast, the minimum resistivity of n-type diamond is as high as 103 Ω cm. At present, the development of unipolar devices such as p-channel field-effect transistors (p-FETs) based on diamond is strongly anticipated. When the diamond surface is terminated using hydrogen (H) or Si atoms, the subsurface layer becomes a p-type accumulation layer or inversion layer that forms a two-dimensional hole gas (2DHG), which can then be used as a channel for a FET structure. As a p-FET, the performance of this device approaches that of other wide bandgap semiconductor n-channel FETs. One of the main advantages of this diamond p-FET is that the p-type accumulation or inversion layer is formed natively on the hydrogen terminated (C–H) diamond. This review describes the low metal contact resistance that induces 2DHG formation on the C–H diamond surface, on which negatively charged sites are formed. The negatively charged surface model explains the 2DHG formation clearly based on the FET’s operating mechanism. Recent advances in 2DHG FETs are also discussed, particularly in terms of their current densities of >1 A mm−1 and their high frequency performance. Finally, we propose two types of complementary high-voltage circuit that combine diamond p-FETs with other wide bandgap semiconductor n-FETs.
Recipes for Success: Lessons learned from the implementation of a food skills and nutrition education workshop with Gaelic athletic players on the Island of Ireland (IOI)

Purpose: To evaluate the effectiveness of a practical food skills and nutrition education workshop and investigate the attitudes towards, and knowledge of, nutrition among young amateur Gaelic Athletic Association (GAA) players. Design and method: A quantitative study using a pre-/post-intervention study design assessed nutritional knowledge, food preparation skills, cooking skills confidence, attitudes towards nutrition, and future diet and food practices among GAA players (n = 336) across the Island of Ireland who took part in a practical food skills and nutrition education workshop. Findings: The workshop was effective in improving culinary knowledge, skills and confidence. Post-session, in comparison with men, women were ‘definitely’ more confident in preparing the dish they cooked during the session (p ⩽ .05) and in using a cooker to prepare a meal or snack (p ⩽ .05). While nutrition knowledge improved for many participants, women knew ‘a lot’ more about the quantity of each type of food they needed to consume (p = .013) and portion sizes (p = .003). Most participants indicated that in the future, they were likely to try out other recipes (94%, n = 310), more likely to prepare a meal themselves (93%, n = 307) and make healthier food choices (92%, n = 304). Originality: Results indicate the benefits of an integrated nutrition education and food skills workshop in improving players’ knowledge of nutrition and increasing confidence in relation to food preparation and cooking. As gender differences were found across a range of key knowledge and confidence outcomes, future food and nutrition education programmes may need to be tailored to take account of this.
The Missing Psyche Family: Collisionally Eroded or Never Formed?

Abstract Asteroid 16 Psyche, the largest M-type asteroid, is widely considered to be the collisionally exposed core of an ∼500-km diameter differentiated parent body which was similar to asteroid 4 Vesta. However, there is no dynamical family associated with Psyche nor are there spectroscopic data for the existence of the mantle or crustal material from the parent body. The usual explanation for the missing material requires that the Psyche parent body was collisionally disrupted early in solar system history, followed by collisional grinding of the family down to below the current observational limit sizes. We test the exposed core hypothesis for the origin of Psyche using a numerical code that simultaneously calculates both the collisional evolution of the asteroid belt and the model family formed by the breakup of the Psyche parent body (PPB). We find that it would take a projectile about 300–350 km in size to thoroughly disrupt a 500-km asteroid (the estimated size of the PPB), and that the probability of such an event occurring in the first 500 Ma of solar system history is only about 1%. While the Psyche model family is found to have been significantly ground down subsequent to its formation, there should be several tens of survivors from the mantle and crust larger than ∼10 km that should be spectroscopically detectable by current technology. Although only a small fraction of the asteroids larger than 10 km have been discovered and observed spectroscopically to date, none have been identified as potential survivors from the PPB (Burbine et al. 1996, Meteor. Planet. Sci. 31, 607–620). Given the low probability of the disruption of a Vesta-like body and the lack of either dynamical or observational confirmation of a family or material from the parent body, we think it more likely that Psyche has possibly been shattered by impacts but not catastrophically disrupted. In this case, it would be a plausible candidate parent body for the mesosiderites. The exposed-core scenario more probably applies to other, smaller (diameter ≲100 km) M-type asteroids, which could be the parent bodies of the iron meteorites. However, this interpretation raises the interesting problem of why among the larger asteroids only Vesta and the PPB would have been fully differentiated.
SCFNet: Semantic Condition Constraint Guided Feature Aware Network for Aircraft Detection in SAR Images

Aircraft detection in synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images plays an essential role in satellite observation and military decisions. Due to discrete scattering properties, speckle noise interference, and various aircraft types, many existing methods struggle to achieve the desired detection performance. In this article, we propose an innovative semantic condition constraint guided feature aware network (SCFNet) for detecting different aircraft categories in SAR images. First, considering the discrete scattering properties of aircraft, we design a local–global feature aware module (LGA-M) and a morphological-semantic feature aware module (MSF-M), which can effectively extract the fine-grained feature information contained in SAR images. Second, to effectively fuse different feature information, we construct a feature fusion pyramid (FFP), which uses different branches and paths to reasonably merge multiple feature information types and suppresses background information interference. Third, according to the structure characteristics of aircraft, the global coordinate attention mechanism (G-CAT) is presented to highlight foreground target features and suppress speckle noise interference. Finally, we construct semantic condition constraints, including constraint condition setting, semantic information calculation, and template matching, to improve aircraft localization and recognition accuracy. Extensive experiments demonstrate that the proposed SCFNet can obtain state-of-the-art performance on the SAR aircraft detection dataset, which achieves the average precision (AP) and the F1 score of 94.83% and 95.58%, respectively. The related implementation codes will be made publicly available at https://github.com/darkseid-arch/AirDetection.
Influence of the low order rational q surfaces on the pellet deposition profile

Pellet injection is planned to be the main fuelling method on ITER. The high temperature of the plasma during a fusion burn will limit the penetration of the pellet to the outer third of the minor radius. This limited penetration is expected to be compensated by a polarization drift, which will deposit the particles deeper in the plasma for the pellets injected from the high field side. In order to evaluate the expected depth of the fuelling on ITER, a good understanding of this drift effect is important. Experimental data acquired on the DIII-D (USA) and Tore Supra (France) tokamaks show that the polarization drift is influenced by the low order rational q surfaces. These surfaces appear to attenuate the polarization mechanism as the drifting particles cross them. In this paper, a correlation between the maximum of the pellet mass deposition profile and the positions of the q = 2 and q = 3 surfaces on DIII-D and Tore Supra is shown for high field side and low field side injection. A model is proposed to explain this effect and compared with the experimental results. To conclude, the possible consequences of this phenomenon on the fuelling in ITER are described.
A study of relationship between social support, work values and job search behavior

The COVID-19 outbreak has put more pressure on the labor market, reducing employment opportunities and increasing graduate unemployment. Therefore, this study was undertaken to explore the relationship between social support, work values and job search behavior. The theoretical model was tested using the data collected from 560 Chinese fresh graduates (Mage = 23.45 years; standard deviation = 2.02). The participants completed questionnaires that assessed their social support, work values and job search behavior. Descriptive statistics and structural equation modeling were used for data analysis. The results indicated that social support was positively and directly associated job search behavior and work value mediated the association between social support and job search behavior. These findings will encourage future researchers to investigate the phenomena of job search behavior.
A three-dimensional FVC scheme on non-uniform tetrahedron meshes: application to the 3D Euler equation

In this study, we focus on the numerical solutions of the three-dimensional Euler equations on general meshes, extending an approach to spatial discretization recently proposed by [1, 2], as the authors have shown the effectiveness of this approach for shallow water equations. This is a new scheme that combines the method of characteristics and the finite volume method. This scheme uses the velocity component normal to the control volume interface as the characteristic velocity of the conservative variables of our equation system. The method is simple, accurate and avoids the resolution of Riemann problem in the time integration process.
Thermal and Dielectric Properties of Wolfberries as Affected by Moisture Content and Temperature Associated with Radio Frequency and Microwave Dehydrations

Knowledge of the thermal and dielectric properties of wolfberries is essential for understanding the heat transfer and the interaction between the electromagnetic field (10–3000 MHz) and the sample during radio frequency (RF) and microwave (MW) drying. The thermal and dielectric properties of wolfberries were determined as influenced by moisture content from 15.1% to 75.2%, w.b. ) and temperature from 25 to 85 °C. The results showed that as the moisture content increased from 15.1% to 75.2% (w.b.), the true density of wolfberries decreased, but the specific heat capacity and thermal conductivity increased with increasing temperature and moisture content. The dielectric properties (DPs) of wolfberries decreased with increasing frequency from 10 to 3000 MHz. The dielectric constant increased with increasing temperature at lower a moisture content (below 45% w.b.) but decreased with increasing temperature at a high moisture content (above 60% w.b.). The cubic and quadratic polynomial models (R2 = 0.977 − 0.997) were best for fitting the dielectric constant and loss factor at four representative frequencies of 27, 40, 915, and 2450 MHz, respectively. The penetration depth increased with the decreased frequency, temperature, and moisture content, and was greater at RF frequencies than MW range, making the RF heating more effective for drying bulk wolfberries. These findings offered essential data before optimizing RF or MW dehydration protocols for wolfberries via computer simulation.
Non-Life Insurance Pricing: Statistical Mechanics Viewpoint

We consider the insurance company as a physical system which is immersed in its environment (the financial market). The insurer company interacts with the market by exchanging the money through the payments for loss claims and receiving the premium. Here in the equilibrium state we obtain the premium by using the canonical ensemble theory, and compare it with the {\it Esscher} principle, the actuaristic well known formula for premium calculation. We simulate the case of automobile insurance for quantitative comparison.
Cerium Oxide Nanorods Synthesized by Dalbergia sissoo Extract for Antioxidant, Cytotoxicity, and Photocatalytic Applications

In this study, cerium oxide nanorods (CeO2-NRs) were synthesized by using the phytochemicals present in the Dalbergia sissoo extract. The physiochemical characteristics of the as-prepared CeO2-NRs were investigated by using ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-VIS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD). The SEM and UV-VIS analyses revealed that the acquired nanomaterials possessed a rod-like morphology while the XRD results further confirmed that the synthesized NRs exhibited a cubic crystal lattice system. The antioxidant capacity of the synthesized CeO2-NRs was investigated by using several in vitro biochemical assays. It was observed that the synthesized NRs exhibited better antioxidant potential in comparison to the industrial antioxidant of the butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) in 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay. The biochemical assays, including lipid peroxidation (LPO), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and catalase activity (CAT), were also performed in the human lymphocytes incubated with the CeO2-NRs to investigate the impact of the NRs on these oxidative biomarkers. Enhanced reductive capabilities were observed in all the assays, revealing that the NRs possess excellent antioxidant properties. Moreover, the cytotoxic potential of the CeO2-NRs was also investigated with the MTT assay. The CeO2-NRs were found to effectively kill off the cancerous cells (MCF-7 human breast cancer cell line), further indicating that the synthesized NRs exhibit anticancer potential as well. One of the major applications studied for the prepared CeO2-NRs was performing the statistical optimization of the photocatalytic degradation reaction of the methyl orange (MO) dye. The reaction was optimized by using the technique of response surface methodology (RSM). This advanced approach facilitates the development of the predictive model on the basis of central composite design (CCD) for this degradation reaction. The maximum degradation of 99.31% was achieved at the experimental optimized conditions, which corresponded rather well with the predicted percentage degradation values of 99.58%. These results indicate that the developed predictive model can effectively explain the performed experimental reaction. To conclude, the CeO2-NRs exhibited excellent results for multiple applications.
Predictors of Physical Educators' Attitudes toward including Students with Disabilities in Inclusive Classes

The purpose of this study was to examine Saudi Arabian physical educators’ attitudes toward teaching students with disabilities in inclusive physical education settings, and to examine the factors that affect such attitudes. In recent years, inclusion has become an educational system implemented in many countries of the world, and teachers' attitudes towards this system are considered one of the most important factors to ensure its success. The purpose of this study was to examine Saudi Arabian physical educators’ attitudes toward teaching students with disabilities in inclusive physical education settings, and to examine the factors that affect such attitudes. A total of 1,303 physical educators (Mage = 40.07, SD = 9.30) completed the Arabic version of the Sentiments, Attitudes and Concerns about Inclusive Education-Revised Scale (SACIE-R). Despite the moderately positive attitudes developed by physical educators, females reported more positive attitudes toward inclusion than males. Multiple linear regression analysis indicated that three personal factors (i.e., gender, previous participation in training courses to teach students with disabilities, and knowledge of the Saudi educational legislation or policy) were significant predictors of physical educators’ attitudes toward such inclusion. The findings provide a database that Saudi Arabian educational decision makers can refer to when designing teacher preparation programs in universities and educational institutions.
Functional equations, approximations, and dynamic response of systems with variable time delay

A metal-rolling example is used to illustrate the natural occurrence of functional equations in physical processes and the approximations needed to reduce these to the more common point-function forms in which the variable delay appears as a state variable and, finally, with constant delay. An example illustrates the close correspondence between the transient responses of the more accurate model and its approximations.
Model of electron pressure anisotropy in the electron diffusion region of collisionless magnetic reconnection

A new model of the electron pressure anisotropy in the electron diffusion region in collisionless magnetic reconnection is presented for the case of antiparallel configuration of magnetic fields. The plasma anisotropy is investigated as source of collisionless dissipation. By separating electrons in the vicinity of the neutral line into two broad classes of inflowing and accelerating populations, it is possible to derive a simple closure for the off-diagonal electron pressure component. The appearance of these two electron populations near the neutral line is responsible for the anisotropy and collisionless dissipation in the magnetic reconnection. Particle-in-cell simulations verify the proposed model, confirming first the presence of two particle populations and second the analytical results for the off-diagonal electron pressure component. Furthermore, test-particle calculations are performed to compare our approach with the model of electron pressure anisotropy in the inner electron diffusion region by Fujimoto and Sydora [Phys. Plasmas 16, 112309 (2009)].
Graded systems of quotients and Martindale-like quotients of graded Lie triple systems

Abstract The paper is devoted to introducing graded systems of quotients of graded Lie triple systems, graded weak systems of quotients of graded Lie triple systems and graded systems of Martindale-like quotients of graded Lie triple systems with respect to power graded filters of sturdy graded ideals. And then we investigate certain vital properties of graded Lie triple systems, which can be lifted from a graded Lie triple system to its graded systems of quotients. Furthermore, the connections among graded systems of quotients, graded weak systems of quotients and graded systems of Martindale-like quotients are surveyed. What’s more, the relationship between graded systems of quotients of graded Lie triple systems and systems of quotients of Lie triple systems is highlighted. Besides, the relationship between graded systems of quotients of a graded Lie triple system and graded algebras of quotients of the graded Lie algebra L(T) (the standard embedding of a graded Lie triple system T) is considered, too.
On the Lp (ℓp) stabilization of open‐loop neutrally stable linear plants with input subject to amplitude saturation

It has been shown that for asymptotically null controllable linear systems with input saturation and non‐input‐additive disturbances, there exist nonlinear control laws that achieve global stabilization and Lp (ℓp) stabilization without finite‐gain for any p∈[1,∞). Recently, it also has been shown that for a simple double integrator there is no saturated linear controller that can achieve Lp stabilization for p>2. In this paper, we show that if a linear system is open‐loop neutrally stable and stabilizable then there exist saturated linear control laws that achieve Lp (ℓp) stability for any p∈[1,∞) and for arbitrary initial conditions. As a byproduct, we also show that the closed‐loop system with a saturated linear control law has a nice property similar to linear systems, i.e., any vanishing disturbance produces a vanishing state with arbitrary initial condition. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Periodic and almost periodic solutions for semilinear stochastic equations

We discuss the problem of the existence of periodic and almost periodic solutions in distribution of semilinear stochastic equations on a separable Hilbert space. Under a dissipativity condition we prove that the translation of the mean square bounded solution is periodic or almost periodic. Similar results hold in the affine case under mean square stability of the linear part of the equation.
The Origins of Theory of Mind in Infant Social Cognition: Investigating Longitudinal Pathways from Intention Understanding and Joint Attention to Preschool Theory of Mind

ABSTRACT A growing body of literature has established longitudinal associations between key social cognitive capacities emerging in infancy and children’s subsequent theory of mind. However, existing work is limited by modest sample sizes, narrow infant measures, and theory of mind assessments with restricted variability and generalizability. The current study aimed to extend this literature by (a) recruiting a large sample of participants (n = 116; 53 boys; 63 girls; all U.S. residents; 88 White, 8 Hispanic or Latino, 2 Black or African American, 14 two or more races/ethnicities, 4 unknown; median family income: $74-122,000), (b) examining multiple measures of infant social cognition (intentional action understanding, responding to joint attention, initiating joint attention) at Time 1 (8–12 months), and (c) using an ecologically valid theory of mind assessment designed to capture individual differences in preschoolers’ mental state understanding (the Children’s Social Understanding Scale) at Time 2 (37–45 months). Measured variable path analysis revealed a significant longitudinal association between infants’ initiating joint attention and later theory of mind: infants who engaged in more attempts to initiate joint attention with experimenters through gaze alternation or gestures went on to show better parent-reported mental state understanding as preschoolers. Notably, the paths from infants’ responding to joint attention and intentional action understanding to later theory of mind did not emerge as significant. These findings bolster and clarify existing claims about how mental state reasoning is rooted in foundational social-cognitive capacities emerging in infancy.
Muonic Coulomb capture ratios and x-ray cascades in oxides

Muonic x-ray spectra from 57 oxides have been measured with Ge detectors at the muon channel of SIN. Coulomb capture ratios and muonic x-ray intensities were deduced. A novel method was applied for oxides of heavier elements. The results exhibit for the first time systematic relations between capture ratios, the x-ray intensities in the oxidized element and in the oxygen, and the radius of the atoms. Periodic behavior with Z was established in many cases.