Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
La kirkiite, Pb10Bi3As3S19, une nouvelle espèce minérale homologue de la jordanite

La kirkiite a ete decouverte dans le gisement a Pb-Zn de Saint-Philippe, pres de Kirki (Thrace, Grece). Elle est associee a la cosalite, la bismuthinite, la jordanite bismuthifere, la galene et la seligmannite, dans un melange de sphalerite et pyrite. L'analyse a la microsonde donne : Pb = 59,4 ; Sb = 0,5 ; Bi = 15,2 ; As = 6,2 ; S = 17,4 ; total = 98,7 %. Formule, sur la base de S = 19 : Pb10,08Bi2,55Sb0.13As2. 91S19 ; formule ideale : Pb10Bi3As3S19. La kirkiite est pseudo-hexagonale, groupe spatial P6322, avec a = 8,69 et c = 26,06 A, et Z = 2. On observe deux sous-structures. Le diagramme de poudre aux rayons X est identique a celui de la "phase A" synthetique de Walia et Chang (1973). Les raies les plus intenses sont : 3,65 (5) (02.2, 11.4), 3,475 (6) (02.3), 3,260 (10) (00.8, 02.4), 3,070 (7) (11.6, 02.5), 2,854 (6) (12.0, 02.6), 2,190 (5) (22.0), 2,135 (5) (02.10), 2,003 (4) (02. 11), 1,879 (3) (02.12, 22.7), 1,815 (5) (22.8, 04.4). En lumiere reflechie polarisee analysee, la kirkiite apparait faiblement anisotrope, sans teinte de polarisation. On observe toujours des macles polysynthetiques tres fines suivant une seule direction ; ces macles indiquent une symetrie vraie monoclinique ou orthorhombique. La microdurete Vickers est : VHN100 = 150 kg/mm2. La formule ideale donne comme densite calculee : d = 6,82. Reflectances maximales et minimales mesurees dans l'air (λ — RM/Rm) : 420 nm -45,3/40,2 % ; 460 — 45,2/40,9 ; 500 — 44,5/40,4 ; 540 — 43,5/39,4 ; 580 — 42,6/38,6 ; 620 — 42,1/38,0 ; 660 — 41,5/37,5 ; 700 — 40,9/36,9 ; 740 — 39,9/35,7. La structure de la kirkiite est homologue de celle de la jordanite, ce qui conduit a des associations epitaxiques. Les conditions de genese de la kirkiite dans la mineralisation de Saint-Philippe sont discutees.
Economic Analysis of Joint Mobile Edge Caching and Peer Content Sharing

Mobile edge caching (MEC) allows edge devices to cache popular contents and deliver them to end-users directly, which can effectively alleviate increasing backbone loads and improve end-users’ quality of service. Peer content sharing (PCS) enables edge devices to share the cached contents with others, and can further increase the caching efficiency. While many efforts have been made to content caching or sharing technologies, it remains open to study the complicated technical and economic interplay between both technologies. In this paper, we propose a joint MEC-PCS framework, and focus on capturing the strategic interactions between different types of edge devices. Specifically, we model their interactions as a non-cooperative game, where each device (player) can choose to be an agent (who caches and shares contents with others) or a requester (who doesn’t cache but requests contents from others) of each content. We analyze the existence and uniqueness of the game equilibrium systematically under the generic usage-based pricing (for PCS). To address the incomplete information issue, we further design a behavior rule that allows players to achieve the equilibrium via a dynamic learning algorithm. Simulations show that the joint MEC-PCS framework can reduce the total system cost by 60%, compared with the benchmark pure caching system without PCS.
Impact of Opioids on Cellular Metabolism: Implications for Metabolic Pathways Involved in Cancer

Opioid utilization for pain management is prevalent among cancer patients. There is significant evidence describing the many effects of opioids on cancer development. Despite the pivotal role of metabolic reprogramming in facilitating cancer growth and metastasis, the specific impact of opioids on crucial oncogenic metabolic pathways remains inadequately investigated. This review provides an understanding of the current research on opioid-mediated changes to cellular metabolic pathways crucial for oncogenesis, including glycolysis, the tricarboxylic acid cycle, glutaminolysis, and oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). The existing literature suggests that opioids affect energy production pathways via increasing intracellular glucose levels, increasing the production of lactic acid, and reducing ATP levels through impediment of OXPHOS. Opioids modulate pathways involved in redox balance which may allow cancer cells to overcome ROS-mediated apoptotic signaling. The majority of studies have been conducted in healthy tissue with a predominant focus on neuronal cells. To comprehensively understand the impact of opioids on metabolic pathways critical to cancer progression, research must extend beyond healthy tissue and encompass patient-derived cancer tissue, allowing for a better understanding in the context of the metabolic reprogramming already undergone by cancer cells. The current literature is limited by a lack of direct experimentation exploring opioid-induced changes to cancer metabolism as they relate to tumor growth and patient outcome.
Morphometry and Morphology of the Acromion Process and Its Implications in Subacromial Impingement Syndrome

Introduction Subacromial impingement syndrome (SIS) is a common shoulder disorder characterized by pain and limited range of motion in the shoulder joint. It is frequently attributed to the compression or impingement of the rotator cuff tendons and bursa between the humeral head and the acromion process of the scapula during arm elevation. Subacromial impingement syndrome may arise as a result of the morphology of the acromion process, a bony protrusion at the top of the scapula that is important in the biomechanics of the shoulder joint. In order to detect potential anatomical differences that can predispose people to subacromial impingement syndrome, medical professionals and researchers need to have a thorough understanding of the morphometry and morphology of the acromion process. Aims and objectives The aim of the present study was to measure the morphometric and morphological characteristics of the acromion process in dried human scapulae that belonged to the North Indian population. Materials and methods This was a cross-sectional study that was carried out on 120 undamaged adult human scapula, of which 52 belonged to the right side and 68 belonged to the left side. Our study focused on analyzing the morphology of the acromion process as well as determining its maximum length, maximum breadth, acromio-coracoid distance, acromio-glenoid distance, and thickness. A statistical analysis of the observed parameters was carried out using the chi-square test and independent t-test with the help of Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS, IBM Corp., Armonk, NY) 24.0. Statistical significance was set at 0.05 (if the P-value ≤ 0.05, it is significant). Results We observed that the quadrangular shape (51.67%) of the acromion process was most commonly reported in our study, while the tubular (9.99%) shape was the least common. The difference in the incidences of various shapes of the acromion process on the right and left sides of the scapula was found to be statistically significant (p-value ≤ 0.05). In this study, the curved or type II acromion process was the most common type (53.34%) observed, while the least common shape reported was the hooked type (18.33%). The average length of the right acromion process was 44.52±6.61 mm, and the left acromion process was 45.13±6.35 mm. For the breadth, the right acromion had an average value of 28.31±4.67 mm, while the left had an average of 28.34±4.92 mm. The thickness of the right acromion measured 7.10±1.73 mm, and the left acromion was 7.53±1.44 mm. The acromio-coracoid distance on the right side was 34.59 ± 6.47 mm, and the left side was 37.46±6.22 mm. The acromio-glenoid distance was measured to be 32.31±5.87 mm on the right side and 33.18±5.39 mm on the left side. Conclusions Planning and carrying out an acromioplasty require an understanding of the morphometric parameters of the acromion process. Although there is a paucity of research on its morphometric evaluation in the North Indian population, the surgeons would be able to use these data as a reference.
Using Fidget Spinners and Stress Balls Do Not Impact College Introductory Psychology Test Scores

Aim: To determine if the use of fidget spinners and stress balls impact college test scores in Introductory Psychology courses. Study Design: A between-participants experimental design was used. Students were randomly assigned into conditions. Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted at Coastal Carolina University, Conway, South Carolina, USA. Fall semester. Methodology: 170 college students enrolled in Introductory Psychology courses participated in the study. Participants were randomly assigned to use a fidget spinner, a stress ball, or sit quietly for 3 minutes before a unit test in their Introductory Psychology course. Results: Quantitative data was analyzed using SPSS. There were no statistically significant differences in test scores between the three groups (P=.28). The fidget spinner group (M=75.82, SD=13.12), the stress ball group (M=76.41, SD=13.89), and the control group (M=79.33, SD=11.17) scored similarly to each other on the unit test. Conclusion: Using fidget spinners or stress balls do not impact Introductory Psychology test scores.
The Influence of Self-Efficacy on Job Satisfaction, Organizational Commitment, Motivation and Job Performance in Private School Teachers

Self-belief in an individuals abilities is essential for influencing behavior, decision-making and achieving organizational goals. The purpose of this study is to investigate the role of teacher self-efficacy that can influence job satisfaction, organizational commitment, motivation and job performance in the scope of formal education. This study used data collection by survey method and online questionnaire distribution, respondents were selected by purposive sampling method. The sample of this research is teachers who teach at the kindergarten, elementary, junior high, and high school levels in the 2022-2023 school year. The data analysis technique used Structural Equation Model (SEM) with SmartPLS 3.0. Some of the findings in this study are that self-efficacy has a direct effect on job satisfaction, motivation and job performance of teachers. Self-efficacy has no direct influence on job performance through the mediating effects of motivation and organizational commitment. The managerial implication of this study for school administrators and researchers is to strengthen the perception of teacher self-efficacy through professional development, appreciation and rewards, so that it can have a broad positive impact on teacher motivation in various aspects of life.
Model Identification of Unobservable Behavior of Discrete Event Systems Using Petri Nets

This paper deals with the problem of identifying a Petri net that models the unobservable behavior of a system from the knowledge of its dynamical evolution. We assume that a partial Petri net model that represents the observable behavior of a system is given in which all the transitions are observable. An identifier monitors the system evolution and records the observed transition sequence (and possible corresponding markings). Some unobservable transitions modeling the unknown system behavior are identified from the transition sequence by formulating and solving integer linear programming problems. These identified unobservable transitions together with the given partial Petri net model characterize the whole system, including observable and unobservable behavior. Two different cases are considered. First, we assume that no place is observable. In such a case, a transition sequence is observed only during the evolution of the system. Second, we assume that a subset of places is observable; i.e., the observation contains not only the transition sequence but the corresponding markings as well. Hence an additional constraint should be imposed on the unobservable transition in the related programming problems according to the observed markings such that a more authentic unobservable transition can be found.
Respiratory Symptoms and Pulmonary Function tests among Informal Sector Workers Exposed to Wood Dust in Douala, Cameroon

Background: Wood sector is the second source of employment in Cameroon after the public sector and the second Cameroon’s export product after oil. Objective: In order to provide data on the extent of respiratory function related to wood, we assess carpenter from informal sector in Douala. Methods: From March to July 2015, we studied two randomly selected groups: the exposed group (carpenters) and the unexposed group in Douala. After a questionnaire, we when through a clinical examination and performed a respiratory test with a manual portable spirometer. Our data were entered and analyzed using SPSS Version 22.0 for Windows. Results: Respectively Carpenters vs unexposed: Smokers: 23.7%vs16.4%, p=NS; Alcohol consumption: 78.4%; vs 73.8%. Prevalence of symptoms: 51% vs26.2%, p<0.001. Lung function impairments: 24.2 %vs16.4%; Increasing age (P=0.007), smoking status, (P=0.013), length of stay in the job greater than or equal to 21 years (P=0.009) were associated to function impairment in univariate analysis. In a logistic regression age was associated to lung function test impairment: [OR=1.037 (CI 1.000 to 1.070) p=0.006)]. Conclusion: Carpenters have higher function impairment that unexposed subjects. Smoking is associated with respiratory symptoms among carpenters. Age of increases their risk of function impairments. Carpenters need to be included in health at work surveillance system.
Main title - Socio-economic effects on informal caregivers of long-term hospitalized adult patients: A cross-sectional study.

Introduction A significant proportion of patients are being treated at hospitals in the government sector in Sri Lanka. Informal caregivers play a major role in taking care of hospitalized surgical patients while facing physical, social, and psychological challenges. Objective To describe the socio-economic effects on informal caregivers of long-term hospitalized adult patients. Methods A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted among 202 informal caregivers of long-term hospitalized patients in a tertiary care hospital in Sri Lanka, using an interviewer-administered questionnaire. Sociodemographic assessment of both caregiver and care recipient, the health status of the care recipient, effects on social life, and economic aspect of informal caregiver were assessed. Results Most of the caregivers were married (n=164, 81.2%), first degree relative of the care receiver (n=139, 68.8%), employed (n=115, 56.9%) and sole caregivers (n=130, 64.4%). Four out of 5 caregivers (n=181, 89.6%) showed moderate to severe socio-economic maladaptation. Increasing age (p=0.00), marital status (p=0.00) and sole caregiving (p=0.01) are significantly associated with the level of maladaptation. Conclusion Moderate to severe levels of maladaptation is present among a substantial number of informal caregivers of long-term hospitalized patients. Sole caregiving is one of the contributing factors and can be addressed by adequate formal caregivers appointed by health care authorities or from voluntary services to minimize informal caregiver burnout.
Development of a hydrogel containing metronidazoleloaded Eudragit RS 100 nanoparticles for buccal drug delivery

Purpose: To formulate Eudragit RS 100-based nanoparticles containing metronidazole (MTZ NPs) and incorporate them into hydrogels using different gelling agents for controlled release in the buccal mucosa. Method: MTZ NPs were fabricated using the nanoprecipitation method. MTZ NPs (1 % w/w) were introduced into hydrogels using different gelling excipients. Physicochemical properties of MTZ NPs, mucoadhesive strength and spreadability of the hydrogels, and ex vivo permeation of MTZ were evaluated. Results: MTZ NPs were spherical in shape and had a mean particle size of 201.9 ± 5.6 nm, polydispersity index (PDI) of 0.092 ± 0.014, and encapsulation efficiency of 46.28 ± 1.18 %. Hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC) hydrogel containing MTZ NPs showed homogenous and smooth appearance, mucoadhesive strength of 2789.7 ± 13.4 dyne/cm2 , and spreadability of 5.32 ± 0.77 cm. The cumulative amount of drug permeated from MTZ hydrogel and MTZ-containing NP hydrogel through porcine buccal mucosa was 1104.33 ± 28.97 and 397.62 ± 16.13 µg/cm2 , respectively, after 7 h (p < 0.05). Conclusion: HEC hydrogel containing MTZ NPs demonstrates high mucoadhesive strength, good spreadability, and sustained ex vivo permeation of MTZ. Thus, HEC hydrogel is a promising pharmaceutical formulation for controlled drug release in the buccal mucosa
Guidelines for assessing the risk to groundwater from on-site sanitation

There has been encouraging progress with access to safe drinking water and sanitation in both rural and urban areas since the United Nations Water Decade of the 1980s. However, more than 1 billion people around the world still lack access to safe water supplies and more than 2.4 billion are without adequate sanitation. A substantial majority of these people live in Asia where the lack of sanitation provision is particularly acute. In Africa, over one third of the population still remains without access to safe water and sanitation, and many of these can only be served by groundwater. The need for renewed efforts to improve the situation is recognised in DFID’s recently published water strategy paper – "Addressing the Water Crisis - Healthier and More Productive Lives for Poor People". The health benefits of safe water supply are only properly realised when programmes combine safe water supply with sanitation and the promotion of safe hygiene practice. With increasing population, the pressure on land in all cities is becoming intense. High levels of pollution are increasing the risk to groundwater from sanitation and drainage facilities. These guidelines are an important contribution to risk assessment and the avoidance of the contamination of groundwater supplies from on-site sanitation. They have been developed as part of a project funded by DFID through the water component of the Infrastructure and Urban Development Division’s Knowledge and Research Programme.
Phytochemical Profile and Composition of Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.): Varietal Differences and Effect of Germination under Elicited Conditions

Germination is a simple process that improves the nutritional and medicinal values of seeds such as chickpeas. However, the detailed analysis of the phytochemical profile after chemical elicitation during chickpea germination is indispensable when making inferences about its biological properties. Therefore, an evaluation was made of the effect of the chemical inducers salicylic acid (SA, 1 and 2 mM), chitosan (CH, 3.3 and 7 μM), and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2, 20 and 30 mM) during germination at 25 °C with 70% RH for 4 days on the content of antinutritional and bioactive compounds, including phenolics, sterols, and saponins, in three Mexican chickpea varieties (Blanoro, Patron, and San Antonio) using UPLC-ELSD-ESI-QqQ-MS/MS, UPLC-DAD-ESI-QqQ-MS/MS, and HPLC-DAD-sQ-MS. The highest increase in phenolics and saponins was found in the Blanoro sprouts induced with SA 2 mM, whereas the highest phytosterol content was detected in San Antonio sprouts induced with CH 7 μM. In addition, significant increases in mono-, di-, and oligosaccharides and decreases in antinutritional contents were achieved after germination with most of the elicitation conditions. More importantly, we identified new compounds in chickpea sprouts, such as the lignans matairesinol and secoisolariciresinol, the phenolic compounds epicatechin gallate and methyl gallate, some phytosterols, and the saponin phaseoside 1, which further increased after chemical elicitation.
The association between cytology and histopathology in thyroid nodules over a 6-year period in an urban hospital in South Africa.

BACKGROUND Thyroid cancer is prevalent both internationally and locally, and is the most common cause of endocrine malignancies in Africa. The prognosis of thyroid cancer in general is quite good, but to achieve good outcomes, appropriate methods for diagnosis are important. A cytology result obtained from a fine needle aspiration and biopsy (FNAB) is one such method, and is less invasive and has less risk compared with obtaining a histological result via open surgery. However, there are accuracy differences that have been reported in different literature findings. OBJECTIVES To determine the diagnostic accuracy rate of thyroid FNAB compared with histopathological samples at an urban hospital in South Africa (SA), and compare this with international standards. METHODS A retrospective observational study was conducted of patients who had undergone both FNAB and thyroidectomies at Helen Joseph Hospital, Gauteng Province, SA, a public tertiary hospital, between 1 January 2016 and 31 December 2021. Various analytical methods were used, including Poisson generalised linear model, binomial generalised linear model, a two-proportion z-test, McNemar's test and the F1 score. RESULTS There were 164 participants in this study who were between the ages of 21 and 82 years old. Thirty-six records were excluded for use as a comparison between cytology and histology, as they were in Bethesda categories 1, 3 and 4. Out of the 128 records that were compared, there was statistically significant agreement v. non-agreement between cytology and histology findings for thyroid nodules (109 v. 19, p<0.001, respectively). A comparison between our sample population and internationally published standards in terms of rate of malignancy noted that our rate of malignancy was slightly higher in Bethesda 2 patients (5.88%) v. internationally published standards (0 - 3%), and slightly lower in Bethesda 4 (23.52%) and 6 (77.77%) v. internationally published standards (25 - 40% and 97 - 99%, respectively. CONCLUSION There was good correlation between cytology and histology for thyroid nodules. Differences were noted between the percentage of malignant cases in the different Bethesda categories compared with international standards as noted above. We recommend that further studies are conducted locally to improve knowledge on this topic.
Time to Achieve Full Enteral Feeding in Very Low Birth Weight Infants and Associated Factors in Neonatology Unit

Background: Enteral intolerance in premature infants is associated with several morbidities, especially in very low birth weight (VLBW). There are only a few dietary practices to provide better outcomes in newborns with VLBW. This study aimed to assess the factors associated with the time to achieve full enteral feeding (FEF) in infants with VLBW. Methods: This was a retrospective study on infants with VLBW in the Neonatology Unit of Sanglah Central General Hospital, Bali from November 2020 to January 2022. The infants started trophic feeding with breastmilk and or formula milk. The age of FEF was determined when the target of 150 ml/kgBW/day was reached. The association of risk factors was analyzed using the Mann-Whitney test, the Kruskal-Wallis test, and linear regression analysis. Results: A total of 79 VLBW infants with a median gestational age of 30 weeks (25-38) were recruited. The median age of FEF was achieved in 9(7-15) days. Late trophic feeding (more than 24 hours), severe asphyxia, culture positive-sepsis, and using a mechanical ventilator were associated with a longer timing of FEF. While in the multivariate analysis, small for gestational age (SGA), late trophic feeding, severe asphyxia, absence of prenatal dexamethasone, and culture-positive sepsis were independent factors for longer FEF in this population. Conclusion: In VLBW infants, the age of FEF in our population was reached in 2 weeks. Small for gestational age, late trophic feeding, severe asphyxia, prenatal dexamethasone coverage, and culture-positive sepsis were associated with delay in FEF. Further studies of multi-centers and analyzing the factors of delayed TF might be needed.