Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Abortion and Congenital Malformations in Cattle Suspected of being Caused by Peaton Virus Infection in Okayama, Japan, from October 2016 to April 2017

This paper describes pathological features of 8 cattle presumably associated with Peaton virus (PEAV) infection in Okayama, Japan, from October 2016 to April 2017 . Among those cattle, the case of an abortion had nei-ther spinal curve nor arthrogryposis based on gross observations, while 7 calves exhibited congenital malformations. Immunohistochemical examinations revealed PEAV antigens in the cerebrum of 3 cases, including 1 aborted fetus and 2 cases with malformations. PEAV RNA was also detected in the brains of 2 cases, including the aborted fetus. In all 7 calves with malformations, relatively high titers of neutralizing antibodies against PEAV were detected. In addition, PEAV seroconversion was confirmed in sentinel cattle from September 2016 to November 2016 in Okayama. Although congenital malformations in the newborn calves associated with PEAV infections have previously been well documented in Japan, there is little information concerning the pathological features of abortion. This is the first report on an abortion presumably associated with PEAV infection.
Stem volume equations for native tree species in southern New South Wales and Victoria

SUMMARY Equations for predicting total stem volume underbark from ground to tip were developed for 25 native forest species in southern New South Wales and Victoria using the best available data from State Forests of New South Wales and the Department of Natural Resources and Environment of Victoria. The equation form for each species was selected from 18 modified versions of the combined variable volume equation (Spurr 1952) which took into account changes in stem form with tree size in order to minimize bias within any specified diameter class in volume prediction. A weight function was used to obtain confidence curves for prediction error over the entire range of diameter in the data for each species. This method overcomes the shortcomings of the commonly used segmented approach of dividing data into diameter classes when evaluating prediction accuracy. In practice, the confidence curves can be used to derive confidence limits for stand volume or any product category when they are estimated from indivi.
Forest‐Dwelling Native Amazonians and the Conservation of Biodiversity: Interests in Common or in Collision?

Although concern for biodiversity and its conservation originated in the biological sciences, with growing international interest an increasing number of interest groups are claiming standing in discussions of the best ways to conserve biodiversity. One of these groups, formed by various indigenous peoples and their advocates, has repeatedly defended its claim to standing by stating that indigenous peoples are well equipped to conserve biodiversity. These claims have had far-reaching consequences, as millions of hectares of Amazonian forest have been deeded to indigenous groups, at least partially on the reasoning that such actions would conserve biodiversity. In this paper, we bring to the attention of the community of conservation biologists a group representing 229 native Amazonian groups comprising 1.2 million people in Peru, Bolivia, Ecuador, Brazil, and Colombia. In a document entitled “To the Community of Concerned Environmentalists,” this group of indigenous peoples proposes a broad template for cooperation between conservation biologists and the indigenous peoples of the Amazon Basin. Following reiteration of the statement, we discuss the fact that these two groups define biodiversity and its conservation in different ways, with indigenous peoples focusing more on preservation of general habitat characteristics and exclusion of extensive habitat alteration. We conclude that the interests of conservation biologists may not be completely compatible with the agenda of indigenous peoples and their advocates but that by cooperating valuable time is being bought by both sides.
On the age and growth of bogue, Boops boops (L.), from the Portuguese coast

Between 1984 and 1990, a total of 4892 bogues, Boops boops (L.) were caught in Peniche and 4352 in Algarve, with the total length varying from 6 to 40 cm. Age determination was carried out using direct reading and back-calculation on the otoliths. Von Bertalanffy growth equations, based on mean lengths per age group, were established for both samples and using both methods. Applying the Hotelling T2 test to the growth parameters of those equations, it was concluded that there were no significant differences between them. This conclusion allowed the validation of the two methods employed, and the combination of the data from Peniche and Algarve into one single age-length key from which a growth equation for the Portuguese coast was calculated and described as: Lt = 45.918 {1-exp [-0.124 (t + 2.628)]}.
Movement of Parasitic-Phase Sea Lampreys in Lakes Huron and Michigan

Abstract A program of tagging was carried out in the waters of northern Lake Huron during the fall and winter of 1951–52 in order to supplement the small amount of information available on the movement of sea lampreys during their parasitic phase. A total of 219 parasitic-phase sea lampreys were tagged and released at three localities. Of this number 38 or 17.2 percent were recovered. One tag was recovered near North Manitou Island, Lake Michigan. The remaining 37 were taken in Lake Huron or in streams tributary to that lake. The dispersal of tagged lampreys throughout Lake Huron was wide. Five marked individuals were taken in the southern part of the lake over 150 miles from the point of tagging; 4 of these 5 were captured in Canadian waters. The marked lampreys exhibited no distinct pattern of migration other than a tendency toward a general southeasterly movement in Lake Huron.
GRAPHENE CONJUGATED USNIC ACID NANO-FORMULATION FOR THE TREATMENT OF TOPICAL FUNGAL INFECTION

Objective: The study aims to investigate the antifungal response of the dug usnic acid with the carrier graphene. Methods: Nano-precipitation method by sonication was adopted to formulate the conjugate. SEM test was performed to check the shape and average size of the conjugate. FTIR test was performed for the chemical interaction between the drug and the carrier. Ointment was prepared by the fusion method and the viscosity test was performed by Brookfield viscometer. Spreadability test was performed by slide method. Animal activity was performed to confirm the antifungal effect of the formulated nano-conjugate. Statistical analysis was done by Anova. Results: SEM study shows that the conjugate is in the nano range and possess a spherical shape. FTIR study shows no interaction between the drug and the carrier. The result of in vitro drug release study shows that the conjugate posses a higher drug release rate as compared to the drug alone. Topical drug administration is more suitable for the treatment of the fungal infection, so the nano-conjugate was incorporated into the ointment by geometric mixing. The viscosity and the spreadability test were performed on the different formulations of the ointment and the suitable one was selected for the topical administration. Anti-fungal study had been performed on the Wistar albino rats for 6 d. Skin culture of rats was performed for the formation of the fungal colonies. Statistical analysis by Anova gives p<0.001. It was found that the normal form of usnic acid, graphene and the nano form both possess anti-fungal activity as 3/6 and 2/6 experimental animals are cured by normal formulation and nano-formulation. Conclusion: The present anti-fungal study revealed that the nano-form of the conjugate possess higher anti-fungal activity than the normal formulation of usnic acid with graphene.
Unique variations of SRY gene result in distinct patrilineal phylogeny of Capra hircus and other domestic Bovidae.

Patrilineal phylogeny of Beichuan White goat and other domestic Bovidae was inferred from 5 ́UTR and coding region of SRY gene. Variation analysis revealed 208 variable sites, meanwhile, a 50-bp fragment inserted downstream of the initiation codon (ATG) of SRY genes modified the translational initiation process in Bos and Bubalus, while the mechanism of what should be explained in a further study. Amino acid sequence alignments of HMG-box region indicated a high degree of conservation among goats and other Bovidae. All the sequences of Bovidae clustered into Bos, Bubalus and Capra. Bos indicus, Bos taurus, Bos javanicus, Bos frontalis, Bos grunniens and Bison bonasus were comprised in genus Bos, while Bubalus bubalis and Syncerus caffer belonged to genus Bubalus. Beichuan white goats and other Capra hircus specimens were clustered into genus Capra. Patrilineal phylogeny of Bovidae exhibited a discrepancy from the earlier matrilineal analysis.
Anomalies and the Expected Market Return

We provide the first systematic evidence on the link between long-short anomaly portfolio returns—a cornerstone of the cross-sectional literature—and the time-series predictability of the aggregate market excess return. Using 100 representative anomalies from the literature, we employ a variety of shrinkage techniques (including machine learning, forecast combination, and dimension reduction) to efficiently extract predictive signals in a high-dimensional setting. We find that long-short anomaly portfolio returns evince statistically and economically significant out-of-sample predictive ability for the market excess return. Economically, the predictive ability of anomaly portfolio returns appears to stem from asymmetric limits of arbitrage and overpricing dominance.
Killer whales in South African waters—a review of their biology

The distribution, seasonality and schooling behaviour of killer whales Orcinus orca in South African waters have been investigated from 785 records compiled between 1963 and 2009, and their size, morphometrics, growth, reproduction, food and feeding behaviour described from the examination of 54 individuals, 36 of which were landed at the Durban whaling station between 1971 and 1975. Qualitatively, the species appears to be more frequently encountered offshore, where it forms small schools of generally less than six animals. Seasonality of occurrence is not marked, although circumstantial evidence indicates that some individuals migrate from higher latitudes. Males reach 8.81 m and females 7.9 m, with 16.2% of males exceeding the size of the largest female. Stomach content and observational data suggest that the species can be characterised locally as an opportunistic predator of megavertebrates, rather than as the fish-feeding ecotype previously described. A stranded adult male with extreme tooth wear that was 1.5–2 m shorter than other males of equivalent age may be representative of a separate ‘offshore’ ecotype. Apparent differences between features of the popu lation's life history and those of resident killer whales in the north-eastern Pacific might be attributed to either uncertainties in age determination using dentinal growth layer groups or sampling bias. The basis for the suggestion that killer whales in South African waters should be reclassified as Vulnerable (rather than Data Deficient) is challenged.
EXTRACTION AND COMPARISON OF ESSENTIAL OIL FROM NEEM SEED BY USING SOXHLET EXTRACTION AND SIMPLE DISTILLATION METHODS

Extraction of essential neem oil from neem seed were carried by soxhelt extraction and simple distillation method using different types of solvents and parameters. Physico-chemical characteristics of the extracted oil were also determined by using classical wet chemical method. Results were generated in both techniques. Soxhlet extraction using hexane has 40.35%, using ethanol-hexane mixture of 60:40% volume proportions have 43.71%, using ethanol 42.65% and using methanol 42.89%. In simple distillation method results reveal that using hexane 42.35%, in methanol 39.5%, using ethanol 40.72% and using ethanol-hexane mixture of 60:40% has 41.26 %. For all solvent type particle size has 355μm, extraction time 1hr up to 3hrs and applied constant and varies temperatures. At smaller extraction time, hexane produced oil yield greater than from ethanol and methanol. In soxhlet extraction, ethanol not produced oil at one-hour extraction time. Thus, by effective determination of factors like particle sizes, solvent type, temperature, and time it is possible to investigate the result on the quality and quantity of neem oil.
The Development of Physics Learning Materials to Improve Students’ Learning Results

Teaching science should emphasize the provision of real experiences for students to develop their competence so that their ability in learning can be improved. The aim of this study was to evaluate the improvement of students’ learning result after the development of the teaching materials. This study used the Research and Development (R&D) approach with the 4D model. The data were collected through test and validation analysis. The findings show that after teaching implementing the developed material, there were no students in the low category, students in the medium level were 11 (35,48%) only, while the majority of them (20 students) which were 64,52% were categorized into the high level. Besides that, referring to the descriptive analysis of mean scores obtained by students, their achievement was regarded to be better than before (87,06). In terms of the improvement in students’ learning results, after they were taught using the media which was developed in this study, students experienced improvement as the t-test showed the tcount = 50,160 > t table= 2,042 with the significance level of 0,000. Based on that results, the development of teaching material does support the learning activities in the classroom. Therefore, it can be concluded that the use of teaching material brings an impact on the improvement of students’ learning results so that they can understand the materials better. This current study gives insight to the learners about the importance to develop teaching media for learning Physics.
Prevalence of Psychiatric Comorbidities in Patients with Irritable Bowel Syndrome; Their Quality of Sleep and Dream Pattern

BACKGROUND Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) is a common functional gastrointestinal disorder. Goal was to find the prevalence of psychiatric co-morbidities in IBS, and assess their sleep quality and dream pattern. Association between psychiatric comorbidities, sleep quality and dream pattern were also assessed. This is a cross sectional study done in 100 patients diagnosed with IBS attending the OPD of Department of Gastroenterology, Government Medical College, Thrissur, from June 2017 to July 2018. Performa includes the socio-demographic details, SCID-5 questionnaire, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and pragmatic questionnaire for assessing dreams. Statistical analysis was done using chi square test, p value was set at < 0.05 using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS). Significant different and Our analysis shows psychiatric co-morbidities and poor sleep quality has significant association with dreams in IBS patients. Possibility of using dream pattern as a prognostic indicator in IBS has to be further.
In Vivo Gene Transfer of PPARγ Is Insufficient to Induce Adipogenesis in Skeletal Muscle

Skeletal muscle contains several progenitor/stem cells with myogenicity as well as adipogenicity such as satellite cells. Our previous study demonstrated that forced expression of PPARγ is sufficient to induce transdifferentiation of predetermined myoblasts in vitro. In the present study, we examined whether introduction of PPARγ gene could induce adipogenesis of satellite cells in vivo. A plasmid vector containing enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) or PPARγ gene was introduced into rat tibialis anterior muscle by electroporation. Histological analyses revealed that electroporation induces degenerative/regenerative response in skeletal muscle, including activation of satellite cells. When EGFP gene was introduced, newly formed myotubes resulted from fusion of activated satellite cells, showed EGFP expression, indicating that electroporation could transfect satellite cells with exogenously introduced gene. Gene transfer of PPARγ resulted in an increase of PPARγ-positive mononucleated cells on day 3 after electroporation but failed to induce adipogenesis thereafter. These results suggested that, in addition to an expression of PPARγ, niches that support adipogenesis are required for satellite cells to enter adipogenesis in vivo.
TEKNIK AUDIT INVESTIGATIF, PENGALAMAN DAN PROFESIONALISME AUDITOR PADA PENGUNGKAPAN KECURANGAN : KECERDASAN SPIRITUAL SEBAGAI PEMODERASI

This study aims to determine the effect of investigative audit techniques, auditor experience and auditor professionalism on the disclosure of fraud with spiritual intelligence as a moderating variable. The data used in this study are primary data with a questionnaire as an instrument. The number of samples in this study were 60 respondents. Hypothesis testing in this study was carried out using the statistical test t. Data analysis techniques used in this study are multiple linear regression analysis and moderation regression analysis using the Statistical Product and Service Solution (SPSS) data processing software version 17.0 for windowS. The results of this study indicate that investigative audit techniques have a significant effect on disclosure of fraud. While the auditor's experience and auditor professionalism have no effect on disclosure of fraud. Moderate regression analysis shows that spiritual intelligence can moderate investigative audit techniques, auditor experience and auditor professionalism on disclosure of fraud
Evidence for the Existence of Three Primary Strategies in Plants and Its Relevance to Ecological and Evolutionary Theory

It is suggested that evolution in plants may be associated with the emergence of three primary strategies, each of which may be identified by reference to a number of characteristics including morphological features, resource allocation, phenology, and response to stress. The competitive strategy prevails in productive, relatively undisturbed vegetation, the stress-tolerant strategy is associated with continuously unproductive conditions, and the ruderal strategy is characteristic of severely disturbed but potentially productive habitats. A triangular model based upon the three strategies may be reconciled with the theory of r- and K-selection, provides an insight into the processes of vegetation succession and dominance, and appears to be capable of extension to fungi and to animals.
Effects of fluorescent pseudomonads on the potato blackleg syndrome

SUMMARY In four field trials in 1983 and 1984 potato tubers were inoculated by dipping them at planting in a suspension of Erwinia carotovora subsp. atroseptica and then treated with a powder formulation of two strains of fluorescent pseudomonads (B 10 and I 13) isolated from potatoes. lnoculation with E. carotovora increased blackleg and reduced emergence, plant growth, tuber size and weight compared with uninoculated controls. These effects were partially reversed by treatment of tubers with fluorescent pseudomonads which also reduced contamination by E. carotovora and the soft-rot potential of progeny tubers. In some trials a mixture of both pseudomonad isolates delayed the breakdown of the mother tuber although individual treatments did not.
THE MECHANICS OF BIRD MIGRATION

Summary A theory is presented for calculating the relation between mechanical power required to fly and forward speed, for a bird flying horizontally. The significance of this for migration is explained, and quick methods are given (and summarized in the Appendix) for calculating key points on the curve. Speed ranges and effective lift: drag ratios are calculated for a number of different flying animals. Factors affecting migration range are discussed, and the effects of head- and tailwinds are considered. Still-air range depends on effective lift: drag ratio, but not on size or weight as such. The relation of power required to that available from the muscles is considered. Small birds have a greater margin of power available over power required than large ones, and tend to run their flight muscles at a lower stress, or lower specific shortening, or both. There is an upper limit to the mass of practicable flying birds, represented approximately by the Kori Bustard Ardeotit kori. The effect of adding extra weight (food or fuel) is to increase both minimum-power speed, and maximum-range speed, in proportion to the square root of the weight, and to increase the corresponding powers in proportion to the three-halves power of the weight. Birds up to about 750 g (fat-free) can double their fat-free mass, and still have sufficient power to fly at the maximum-range speed. Larger birds are progressively more severely limited in the maximum loads they can carry, and this reduces their range. Many large birds migrate by thermal soaring, thus economizing on fuel at the expense of making slower progress. During a long flight both speed and power have to be progressively reduced as fuel is used up. A formula is given for calculating the still-air range of a bird which does this in an optimal fashion. The only data required are the effective lift: drag ratio, and the proportion of the take-off mass devoted to fuel. Increase of height has no effect on the still-air range, but the optimum cruising speed (and power) is increased. The optimum cruising height is reached when the bird can absorb oxygen just fast enough to maintain the required power. The optimum height increases progressively as fuel is used up. No range is lost as a result of the work done in climbing to the cruising height.
Significance of pH-value for meat quality of broilers - influence of breed lines.

For determination of poultry quality shortly after slaughtering, physical criteria (pH-value, conductivity, colour, juice retention) are of importance. However, they are affected by breeding, transport, cooling and the storage period. PH-values of breast meat (genetically structured material) were recorded shortly after slaughtering (15 min p.m.) and differences between breeding line and gender were found (n=5109). The pH1-values ranged from 5.50 to 6.79. Male broilers showed significantly lower pH1-values than female ones (6.02:6.10). There were also significant differences concerning breeding line and gender. Meat quality (PSE, DFD) of broilers can be recorded quickly and accurately determining the pH1-value of breast meat. Threshold ranges to be considered are ≤ 5.8 (PSE), 5.9-6.2 (standard meat properties) and ≥ 6.3 (DFD). This classification is not to be compared to the deviation of pork.