Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Ieee Transactions on Communications, Accepted for Publication 1 Uniform Approximations for Wireless Performance in Fading Channels

—We derive uniform approximations (UAs) for typical performance measures such as error probability, outage probability and capacity of wireless transmissions over flat fading channels impaired by noise. Uniform refers to the fact that these approximations are accurate over the whole range (low to high) of signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) values. First, the high-SNR results of Wang and Giannakis [2] are generalized and unified for an arbitrary performance measure. Second, we develop a Mellin-transform-based procedure to construct low-and high-SNR asymptotics of error probability or outage. Specifically, these asymptotics are related to the left-and right-sided poles of a Mellin product with respect to its fundamental strip. Third, by using multiple low-SNR terms and a single high-SNR term, UAs for the error probability of coherent modulation are constructed for Rayleigh fading, maximal-ratio-combining (MRC), selection-combining (SC), dual hop relaying, and co-channel interference. UAs are also developed for the error probability of single-and multi-channel differential modulation, the product of two Q functions, and the miss probability of energy detection. By using a single low-SNR term and multiple high-SNR terms, the outage probability UA is also developed. Finally, since the capacity measure is not an exponentially decaying function, we derive a UA for an intermediate function which is based on the moment-generating function (MGF) and ultimately, the resulting approximation for the capacity.
Association between bacterial vaginosis and preterm delivery of a low-birth-weight infant. The Vaginal Infections and Prematurity Study Group.

BACKGROUND Bacterial vaginosis is believed to be a risk factor for preterm delivery. We undertook a study of the association between bacterial vaginosis and the preterm delivery of infants with low birth weight after accounting for other known risk factors. METHODS In this cohort study, we enrolled 10,397 pregnant women from seven medical centers who had no known medical risk factors for preterm delivery. At 23 to 26 weeks' gestation, bacterial vaginosis was determined to be present or absent on the basis of the vaginal pH and the results of Gram's staining. The principal outcome variable was the delivery at less than 37 weeks' gestation of an infant with a birth weight below 2500 g. RESULTS Bacterial vaginosis was detected in 16 percent of the 10,397 women. The women with bacterial vaginosis were more likely to be unmarried, to be black, to have low incomes, and to have previously delivered low-birth-weight infants. In a multivariate analysis, the presence of bacterial vaginosis was related to preterm delivery of a low-birth-weight infant (odds ratio, 1.4; 95 percent confidence interval, 1.1 to 1.8). Other risk factors that were significantly associated with such a delivery in this population were the previous delivery of a low-birth-weight infant (odds ratio, 6.2; 95 percent confidence interval, 4.6 to 8.4), the loss of an earlier pregnancy (odds ratio, 1.7; 1.3 to 2.2), primigravidity (odds ratio, 1.6; 1.1 to 1.9), smoking (odds ratio, 1.4; 1.1 to 1.7); and black race (odds ratio, 1.4; 1.1 to 1.7). Among women with bacterial vaginosis, the highest risk of preterm delivery of a low-birth-weight infant was found among those with both vaginal bacteroides and Mycoplasma hominis (odds ratio, 2.1; 95 percent confidence interval, 1.5 to 3.0). CONCLUSIONS Bacterial vaginosis was associated with the preterm delivery of low-birth-weight infants independently of other recognized risk factors.
: validity evidence

Emotional self-regulation when confronted with sad events is essential in different stages of human development, especially when it comes to children and adolescents, as different self-regulation strategies can serve as protective factors against mental disorders such as depression. This article aims to present the revised version of the Emotional Self-Regulation Scale Child and Adolescent (EARE-IJ, Escala de Autorregulação Emocional-Infantojuvenil), an instrument for measuring emotional self-regulation strategies toward sad events, with the purpose of improving it, searching for validity evidence based on the internal structure and reliability indices. The instrument was answered by 299 children and adolescents, aged 10 to 16 years ( M = 12.20; SD = 1.36), and different models of confirmatory factor analysis, reliability coefficients, and an invariance model for the sex variable were tested. The results provide accumulating evidence in favor of the instrument in its new version, now known as the Emotional Dysregulation Scale Child and Adolescent (EDEIJ, Escala de Desregulação Emocional Infantojuvenil). The results also indicate that the instrument can evaluate children and adolescents with different levels of emotional dysregulation, while demonstrating configural and metric invariance. In conclusion, it is found that the tool is efficient in screening emotional self-regulation strategies in children and adolescents.
Measurement of the Ratio of Branching Fractions B

A measurement is reported of the ratio of branching fractions R ð J / ψ Þ ¼ B ð B þ c → J / ψτ þ ν τ Þ / B ð B þ c → J / ψμ þ ν μ Þ , where the τ þ lepton is identified in the decay mode τ þ → μ þ ν μ ¯ ν τ . This analysis uses a sample of proton-proton collision data corresponding to 3 . 0 fb − 1 of integrated luminosity recorded with the LHCb experiment at center-of-mass energies of 7 and 8 TeV. A signal is found for the decay B þ c → J / ψτ þ ν τ at a significance of 3 standard deviations corrected for systematic uncertainty, and the ratio of the branching fractions is measured to be R ð J / ψ Þ ¼ 0 . 71 (cid:2) 0 . 17 ð stat Þ (cid:2) 0 . 18 ð syst Þ . This result lies within 2 standard deviations above the range of central values currently predicted by the standard model.
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES HOW DOES YOUR KINDERGARTEN CLASSROOM AFFECT YOUR EARNINGS? EVIDENCE FROM PROJECT STAR

In Project STAR, 11,571 students in Tennessee and their teachers were randomly assigned to different classrooms within their schools from kindergarten to third grade. This paper evaluates the long-term impacts of STAR using administrative records. We obtain five results. First, kindergarten test scores are highly correlated with outcomes such as earnings at age 27, college attendance, home ownership, and retirement savings. Second, students in small classes are significantly more likely to attend college, attend a higher-ranked college, and perform better on a variety of other outcomes. Class size does not have a significant effect on earnings at age 27, but this effect is imprecisely estimated. Third, students who had a more experienced teacher in kindergarten have higher earnings. Fourth, an analysis of variance reveals significant kindergarten class effects on earnings. Higher kindergarten class quality — as measured by classmates' end-ofclass test scores — increases earnings, college attendance rates, and other outcomes. Finally, the effects of kindergarten class quality fade out on test scores in later grades but gains in non-cognitive measures persist. We conclude that early childhood education has substantial long-term impacts, potentially through non-cognitive channels. Our analysis suggests that improving the quality of schools in disadvantaged areas may reduce poverty and raise earnings and tax revenue in the long run. Raj Chetty Department of Economics Harvard University 1805 Cambridge St. Cambridge, MA 02138 and NBER chetty@fas.harvard. edu John N. Friedman Harvard Kennedy School Taubman 356 79 JFK St. Cambridge, MA 02138 and NBER jfriedman@post.harvard. edu Nathaniel Hilger Department of Economics Harvard University 1805 Cambridge St. Cambridge, MA 02138 nhilger@fas.harvard. edu Emmanuel Saez Department of Economics University of California, Berkeley 549 Evans Hall #3880 Berkeley, CA 94720 and NBER saez@econ.berkeley. edu Diane Whitmore Schanzenbach School of Education and Social Policy Northwestern University Annenberg Hall, Room 205 2120 Campus Drive Evanston, IL 60208 and NBER dws@northwestern.edu Danny Yagan Department of Economics Littauer 200, North Yard Harvard University Cambridge, MA 02138 yagan@fas.harvard. edu
Stock Return Predictability : Is it There ?

We examine the predictive power of the dividend yield for forecasting future excess returns, cashflows and interest rates. The ability of the dividend yield to predict excess returns is best visible at short horizons with the short rate as an additional regressor. At long horizons, the predictive power of the dividend yield is weak, while the short rate strongly negatively predicts excess returns at short horizons. These results are robust in international data and are not due to lack of power. We formulate a present value model that matches the predictability evidence, which shows that while excess discount rates still dominate the variation in dividend yields, short rate movements also play a large role. Finally, we detect a strong role for the earnings yield as a predictive instrument, not for excess returns, but for future cashflows.
Stock return predictability : A Bayesian model selection perspective

Attempts to characterize stock return predictability have generated a plethora of papers documenting the ability of various variables to explain conditional expected returns. However, there is little consensus on what the important conditioning variables are, giving rise to a great deal of model uncertainty and data snooping fears. In this paper, we introduce a new methodology that explicitly takes the model uncertainty into account by comparing all possible models simultaneously and in which the priors are calibrated to reflect economically meaningful prior information. Therefore, our approach minimizes data snooping given the information set and the priors. We compare the prior views of a skeptic and a confident investor. The data imply posterior probabilities that are in general more supportive of stock return predictability than the priors for both types of investors. Furthermore, the stalwarts such as dividends and past returns do not perform well. The out-of-sample results for the Bayesian average models show improved forecasts relative to the classical statistical model selection methods, are consistent with the in-sample results and show some, albeit small, evidence of predictability.
Stock Return Predictability : Is it There ?

Many past studies attribute almost all time-variation in dividend yields to predictable components in excess returns. In this article, we show that the evidence for excess return predictability using the dividend yield as an instrument is weak, especially at long horizons. The predictive power of the dividend yield is best visible at short horizons with the short rate as an additional regressor. However, expected future excess returns are only one component of dividend yields under a present value model. We find that dividend yields predict interest rates, an often forgotten component of total discount rates, but only weakly predict cashflows. In contrast, the short rate strongly negatively predicts excess equity returns. Our results are robust across 5 countries and are not due to lack of power. Finally, we detect a strong role for the earnings yield as a predictive instrument, not for excess returns, but for future cash flows.
Stock Return Predictability : New Evidence from Moving Averages of Prices and Firm Fundamentals

The distances between shortand long-run moving averages of prices and deviations of accounting fundamentals from their preceding means both predict cross-sectional stock returns. This predictive power goes well beyond momentum, the 52-week high, profitability, and other prominent predictors, and applies at the market and industry levels. The price-based distance also predicts returns in international settings. We use data on corporate news releases to support the notion that the predictability arises because investors underreact to deviations from prevailing anchors. The evidence indicates that fundamentals-based anchoring predicts returns incremental to the price-based analog and both forms of predictability are economically significant.
COMPARATIVE STUDY EXAMINING THE DEPRESSION, ANXIETY & STRESS LEVELS OF ONLINE AND OFFLINE EDUCATION ON GRADUATE STUDENTS

: Online courses and education have gained greater popularity and there has been greater awareness and inclination among students toward this emerging structure. Additionally, in September 2022, the University Grants Commission announced that further forward, degrees earned through online learning will be regarded as being equal to degrees earned through traditional learning (Times of India, 2021). Our study’s purpose is to compare and examine the levels of Depression, Anxiety, and Stress in Online and Offline Education in Graduate Students using a quantitative, cross-sectional research approach. A sample of 104 students was taken, 52 students each in the offline and online groups. The data collection method was through a self-administered DASS-21 questionnaire which included questions related to depression, anxiety, and stress. Independent sample t-tests were used to compare the means of the mental health outcomes (depression, anxiety, and stress) between the two groups once the data had been gathered (online vs. offline). In order to do the statistical analysis, IBM SPSS version 29.0 was used. The study concludes that students who are engaged in online learning experience more anxiety and stress than those who opted for offline classroom settings. Students who opted for offline classroom settings or online programs experience similar degrees of depression. The findings of our study have significant implications for online learning because they imply that this kind of education may be detrimental to students’ mental health, specifically their levels of stress and anxiety.
Sketching garments for virtual characters

We present a method for simply and interactively creating basic garments for dressing virtual characters in applications like video games. The user draws an outline of the front or back of the garment, and the system makes reasonable geometric inferences about the overall shape of the garment (ignoring constraints arising from physics and from the material of the garment). Thus both the garment's shape and the way the character is wearing it are determined at once. We use the distance from the 2D garment silhouette to the character model to infer the variations of the distance between the remainder of the garment and the character in 3D. The garment surface is generated from the silhouette and border lines and this varying distance information, thanks to a data-structure that stores the distance field to the character's body. This method is integrated in an interactive system in which the user sketches the garment over the 3D model of the character. Our results show that the system can be used to create both standard clothes (skirts, shirts) and other garments that may be worn in a variety of ways (scarves, panchos).
Proper Losses, Moduli of Convexity, and Surrogate Regret Bounds

Proper losses (or proper scoring rules) have been used for over half a century to elicit users’ subjective probability from the observations. In the recent machine learning community, we often tackle downstream tasks such as classification and bipartite ranking with the elicited probabilities. Here, we engage in assessing the quality of the elicited probabilities with different proper losses, which can be characterized by surrogate regret bounds to describe the convergence speed of an estimated probability to the optimal one when optimizing a proper loss. This work contributes to a sharp analysis of surrogate regret bounds in two ways. First, we provide general surrogate regret bounds for proper losses measured by the L 1 distance. This abstraction eschews a tailor-made analysis of each downstream task and delineates how universally a loss function operates. Our analysis relies on a classical mathematical tool known as the moduli of convexity, which is of independent interest per se. Second, we evaluate the surrogate regret bounds with polynomials to identify the quantitative convergence rate. These devices enable us to compare different losses, with which we confirm that the lower bound of the surrogate regret bounds is Ω( ε 1 / 2 ) for popular loss functions.
Journal of Urban Economics

How eﬀective are restrictions on mobility in limiting COVID-19 spread? Using zip code data across ﬁve U.S. cities, we estimate that total cases per capita decrease by 19% for every ten percentage point fall in mobility. Addressing endogeneity concerns, we instrument for travel by residential teleworkable and essential shares and ﬁnd a 25% decline in cases per capita. Using panel data for NYC with week and zip code ﬁxed eﬀects, we estimate a decline of 30%. We ﬁnd substantial spatial and temporal heterogeneity; east coast cities have stronger eﬀects, with the largest for NYC in the pandemic’s early stages.
A Repulsive Inquiry: Evaluating the impact of cognitive load on aversive gaze behaviors following exposure to disgusting and fearful stimuli

1 Disgust.2 Subsets of Disgust.4 Sex and Disgust. 4 Mold and Other Edibles. 5 The Brain and Disgust. 8 Current Theories of Disgust.9 Fear. 10 Discerning Appropriate Disgust and Fear Stimuli. 12 Directed Attention. 13 Cognitive Load. 16 Methods.18 Participants.18 Apparatus.19 Stimuli. 21 Procedure. 22 Results. 23 Dwell Time. 25 Time to Target. 27 Fixating on Neutral or Disgusting/Fearful Stimuli First. 29 Image Ratings. 30 Discussion.33 Appendix A IRB Letter of Approval.41 Appendix B Informed Consent. 42 Appendix C Demographics Survey. 44 Appendix D Study Debrie ng. 45 Appendix E Stimuli Examples.47 Appendix F NAPS ToU. 48 Appendix G Stimuli Pair Distribution and Trial Block Groupings.49 Appendix H DIRTI Database Ratings of the Disgusting and Neutral Stimuli. 50 Appendix I NAPS Database Ratings of the Fearful Stimuli.51 Appendix J Stimuli Rating Scale and Example.52 AREPULSIVE INQUIRY 1
Dermatomyositis During the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic: Acral and Oral Mucosal Involvement

DOI of original article: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ad. 2022.05. 016 in infants and shows involvement of the skin, muscles, and other organs. The mean age at diagnosis is 7 years. The estimated incidence is 1.9--4 cases per million inhabitants/year, with a predominance in girls of 2.3:1. During the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, an increase in the incidence of cases of JDM was observed in our hospital in comparison with the preceding 20 years. Between 1999 and 2019, 8 cases of DMJ were diagnosed, whereas from March 2020 through November 2021, 5 new cases were reported. All patients presented clinical findings characteristic of JDM, but we also observed involvement of the oral mucosa, ears, hands, and feet; these are uncommon findings in the literature. The 5 patients with JDM diagnosed during the pandemic comprised 3 boys and 2 girls, aged between 8 and 13
Analysis of a Radar Rain Return at Frequencies of 9.375, 35, 70, and 95 GHz

Abstract : A series of measurements of radar backscatter from rain have been made at frequencies of 9.375, 35, 70, and 95 GHz. The geometry of the experiment and the equipment were chosen such as to provide data useful to the equipment designer in the choice of operating frequency for his particular mission. Amplitude statistics for both linear and circular polarization were obtained for rain rates between 1 mm/hr and 90 mm/hr. Non-coherent spectral measurements and correlation properties were investigated in detail as functions of frequency and rain rate. Limited comparisons are made between theory and experimental results and certain properties of the results are discussed in relation to the phenomenology of rain return.
Photo-identification of gray whales in Bahia Magdalena, Baja California Sur: The use of a student-base photographic archive.

RESUMEN Photographs of grey whales have been collected by students of the School for Field Studies in Puerto San Carlos, B.C.S. , Mexico, since 1998. We evaluated the utility of this student-based photographic archive as a tool to identify gray whale individuals and to characterize injuries over the whale's bodies. A total of 278 individual were identified, several were re- sighted within years; however, none were re-sighted between years. The dorsal area was the most commonly photographed body region; however, photographs of the flukes proved to be useful for photographic identi - fication as well. 6.8% of the whales photographed had injuries; most of them were big scratches followed missing tips of the flukes. Our re - sults indicate that a well managed student-based cetacean photographic archive could easily and economically apply for short-term movement patterns investigations and for monitoring the occurrence injuries from anthropogenic interactions.
Labour Market Outcomes :

Compared to older women, young female job seekers are more than three times as likely to report that their ability to find a good new job is compromised by the simple fact that they are female. Why is this? In this paper we show, first, that young women's more frequent reports of gender-induced harm cannot be statistically attributed to any observed personal or job characteristics, or to any " objective " measure of discrimination computable in our data. Second, using new questions asked in a Canadian survey, we note that women's reports of gender-induced advantage, as well as men's reports of gender-induced harm, are also more prevalent among the young. Using a formal model of the reporting decision, we conclude that the most likely cause of all these phenomena is a particular kind of age difference in reporting behavior: young people of both sexes are more likely than older people to interpret departures in either direction from gender-neutral treatment as causally affected by their gender. This may have important implications for future public support of antidiscrimination policies, and for the design of those policies. The authors would like to thank Human Resources Development Canada for making the data for this study available, and the Canadian International Labour Network (CILN) for financial support. CILN receives major funding from the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada and McMaster University. Felice Martinello and David Robinson provided helpful comments. While econometric evidence of wage gaps is becoming increasingly accepted in many Courts, evidence of 1 specific incidents of discriminatory treatment –which may or may not be reflected in wage measures-is still seen as stronger support for a claim of discrimination in almost all cases. See Kuhn (1987) for a discussion.