Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Occurrence of multidrug-resistant bacteria in aquaculture farms in Cte dIvoire (West Africa)

Aquaculture provides a significant proportion of the fish consumed around the world. In West Africa, aquaculture is an important economic sector. However, several diseases with high fish mortality are caused by bacterial infections. Due to the lack of surveillance in aquaculture, this study investigated the presence of bacteria in fish farms. The purpose of the study was to isolate bacteria in aquaculture (Ivory Coast). Two hundred and forty fishes and water samples were collected from the pond of two fish farms. Fish was scraped, then, dissected to collect their gills and intestines. Bacterial culture was done for the detection of many species. Isolate identification was done using biochemical tests (API20E) and MALDI-TOF tests. Also, 1696 bacteria strains were isolated, 70.9% of strains were from the fish organs and 29,1% from the water samples. The higher colonization rate was observed in water and on fish’s surface. No statistical difference was observed between the two farms. Seven major species were isolated in both farms: Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterobacter hormaechei, Enterococcus faecalis, Citrobacter freundii, Morganella morganii and Bacillus cereus. The major isolated strains were Enterobacter hormachaei, Enterococcus faecalis and Escherichia coli. Multi-resistance for 3 classes of antibiotics was observed in some of those strains. This investigation shows microbiological risks for aquatic animals and humans who are in interaction with fish farms. Key words: Aquaculture, multidrug-resistant strains, fish, West Africa.
Comparative study on free-running locomotor activity circadian rhythms in Brazilian subterranean fishes with different degrees of specialization to the hypogean life (Teleostei: Siluriformes; Characiformes)

In this paper we report findings on the presence of circadian rhythms in six species of cave-dwelling fishes from Brazil. Locomotor activity of islolated individuals was automatically recorded for 10 consecutive days under constant darkness. The species tested show varied degrees of specialization to subterranean life and we found varying degrees of the circadian components of locomotor activity as measured by the periodogram algorhythm of Lomb–Scargle. Both the presence and robustness of the circadian components seem to vary according to the degree of specialization to subterranean life, the more specialized, the less circadian rhythmicity was detected.
METHODOLOGY FOR THE EXTRACTION OF HOMOLOGOUS POINTS FROM A DEM/DSM TO EVALUATE THE RELATIVE POSITIONAL ACCURACY

This work presents a new methodology for extracting 3D homologous points from a DEM/DSM for relative evaluation of positional accuracies, from terrain features such as ridgelines and hydrography. Firstly, it extracts 3D intersection points between the linear features and then it performs a selection of these homologous points. A discussion regarding the spatial resolution effect of the DEM/DSM on the proposed methodology is carried out. As case study, the planimetric and altimetric positional accuracies evaluation of SRTM (X-band) and Aster GDEM (version 2) DSMs was conducted using, as reference, a DSM obtained via photogrammetry. The SRTM and Aster GDEM (version 2) DSMs showed similar classifications, that is, Class A for the altimetry and Class B for the planimetry at the 1:100,000 scale, according to the Brazilian technical standard of positional accuracy.
An Assessment of Foliar Application of Triclopyr of Varying Concentrations for Managing Glossy Buckthorn (Rhamnus frangula) Seedlings and Resprouts (Michigan)

Legendre, P. and L. Legendre. 1998. Numerical Ecology. Amsterdam: Elsevier Science. MacArthur, R.H. and J.W. MacArthur. 1961. On Bird Species Diversity. Ecology 42:594–598. Page, L.M. and B.M. Burr. 2011. Peterson Field Guide to Freshwater Fishes of North America North of Mexico. New York, NY: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. TRCA (Toronto Region Conservation Authority). 2008. Humber River Watershed Plan. Wikramanayake, E.D. 1990. Ecomorphology and biogeography of a tropical stream fish assemblage: evolution of assemblage structure. Ecology 71:1756–1764.
Muscle enzymes reveal walleye (Sander vitreus) are less active when larger prey (cisco, Coregonus artedi) are present

Optimal foraging behaviour in walleye (Sander vitreus) was tested in eight lakes: four containing large prey (cisco, Coregonus artedi) and four without cisco. All eight lakes contained small prey (yellow perch, Perca flavescens). Activity costs and growth potential of walleye were estimated using white muscle enzymes. Anaerobic capacity, measured by lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), increased with walleye size and was lower in lakes with cisco. Aerobic capacity, measured by citrate synthase (CS), decreased with walleye size only in lakes without cisco. Growth potential of walleye, estimated by nucleoside diphosphokinase (NDPK), increased with size only in lakes with cisco. Overall, when cisco were available walleye were less active, able to maintain aerobic capacities, and increased their growth potential as they grew larger. Yellow perch LDH, CS, and NDPK were lower in lakes with cisco. This suggests that yellow perch were less active in lakes where walleye had an alternative large prey species, but yellow pe.
Permanent Demand and Private Investment in the General theory: an empirical investigation

espanolAnalizamos empiricamente algunos postulados keynesianos (y post keynesianos) relativos a la interaccion multiplicador-acelerador. Mediante el test de causalidad no lineal de Diks y Wolski (2016), sostenemos que en los Estados Unidos existe evidencia a favor de que la inversion privada domestica es motorizada por la demanda permanente. Argumentamos que este resultado es consistente con el principio de la demanda efectiva en el largo plazo. Esperamos que este trabajo ayude a consolidar el potencial consenso entre economistas Keynesianos, Kaleckianos y Sraffianos que inicio el trabajo de Allain (2015). EnglishWe empirically test some Keynes’ (and post Keynesians’) assertions relative to the multiplier-accelerator principle. By means of the nonlinear causality test proposed by Diks and Wolski (2016), we conclude that in the United States domestic private investment is driven by permanent demand. We explain that this result is consistent with Keynes’s principle of effective demand in the long run. We hope this paper helps consolidating the potential consensus among Keynesian, Kaleckian and Sraffian economists initiated by the work of Allain (2015)
42—THE YELLOWING OF WOOL BY HEAT AND ALKALI

An investigation into the nature of the chemical changes occurring when wool containing alkali is heated has indicated that the amino acids cystine, tryptophan, threonine, arginine, and lysine are modified and that some main-chain breakdown also occurs. Under neutral conditions, modification is mainly restricted to tryptophan and the free amino groups of lysine. By relating the extent of yellowing to the corresponding amino-acid breakdown of normal and chemically modified wools, it has been shown that the mechanisms of alkali-yellowing and heat-yellowing are quite different. Under moist alkaline conditions, there appears to be a correlation between cystine breakdown and yellowing. On the other hand, yellowing by heat in the absence of alkali appears to involve interaction between amino and carboxyl groups, although tryptophan may contribute to a limited extent.
Comparison of measured growth rates with those calculated from rates of photosynthesis in Planktothrix spp. isolated from Blelham Tarn, English Lake District.

• Differences in photosynthetic production and conversion to biomass of the red-coloured cyanobacterium Planktothrix rubescens and the green-coloured Planktothrix agardhii , were investigated in relation to their growth in Blelham Tarn, UK, using clonal isolates from the lake. • Growth rates (µ) were measured in cultures under 12 h : 12 h light : dark cycles at 15 irradiances ( E ) in temperatures (Θ) of 10-25°C. Photosynthetic rates ( P ) were measured under the same conditions. • For P. rubescens , µ reached a maximum of 0.33 d -1 at 25°C in photon irradiances > 40 µmol m -2 s -1 and exceeded µ for P. agardhii over the range of temperatures in Blelham Tarn (< 21°C), although not at temperatures > 25°C. In P. rubescens , the dif ference (Δµ) between the growth rate of cell carbon (µ C ), calculated from P , and µ was only 3% at 10°C but increased with temperature to 30% at 25°C; in P. agardhii , Δµ values were higher at low temperatures and lower at the higher temperatures. • Using algorithms describing the irradiance- and temperature-dependent growth rates and measured values of E and Θ at different depths in Blelham Tarn, it was demonstrated that P. rubescens would outgrow P. agardhii , though the latter might grow better in warmer and shallower lakes. We discuss the problems of modelling phytoplankton growth from measurements of in situ photosynthesis.
The Seeds of Ideology: Historical Immigration and Political Preferences in the United States

We test the relationship between historical immigration to the United States and political ideology today. We hypothesize that European immigrants brought with them their preferences for the welfare state, and that this had a long-lasting effect on the political ideology of US born individuals. Our analysis proceeds in three steps. First, we document that the historical presence of European immigrants is associated with a more liberal political ideology and with stronger preferences for redistribution among US born individuals today. Next, we show that this correlation is not driven by the characteristics of the counties where immigrants settled or other specific, socioeconomic immigrants' traits. Finally, we conjecture and provide evidence that immigrants brought with them their preferences for the welfare state from their countries of origin. Consistent with the hypothesis that immigration left its footprint on American ideology via cultural transmission from immigrants to natives, we show that our results are stronger when inter-group contact between natives and immigrants, measured with either intermarriage or residential integration, was higher. Our findings also indicate that immigrants influenced American political ideology during one of the largest episodes of redistribution in US history - the New Deal â? and that such effects persisted after the initial shock.
On the milliped family Heterochordeumatidae, with comments on the higher classification of the order Chordeumatida (Diplopoda)

A new genus and species, Infulathrix siam, gen. et sp. nov. and a new species, Heterochordeuma petarberoni, sp. nov. are described from southeast Asia, and the previously known members of the Heterochordeumatidae are reviewed. The genusSumatreuma Hoffman is placed in the synonymy of Heterochordeuma Pocock. Heterochordeumatid gonopod structure is not primitive, as previously supposed, but apomorphic within the superfamily Heterochordeumatoidea and the Diplopoda in general. The families of the order Chordeumatida are grouped into four suborders: Chordeumatidea, Heterochordeumatidea, Craspedosomatidea and Striariidea.
Ecology, distribution, and classification of xeric monocotyledonous mats on inselbergs in West Africa and Atlantic central Africa

This study describes xeric saxicolous plant communities of inselbergs embedded in a savannah matrix (in West Africa) and of inselbergs embedded in rainforest (in Atlantic central Africa). We looked at how the species' socio-ecology and distribution differ according to the different matrix vegetation. TWINSPAN-classification of 188 phytosociological releves defined three plant communities all dominated by the polkilohydric mat-forming sedge Afrotrilepis pilosa. Besides this Cyperaceae, the communities in West Africa and Atlantic central Africa share only one species. Two new associations are described: Cyanotido lanatae-Afrotrilepidetum pilosae on West African inselbergs and Oreonesiono testui-Afrotrilepidetum pilosae on inselbergs from Atlantic central Africa. Each of them typifies a new alliance included in a new order. This new order typifies a new class: Afrotrilepidetum pilosae. Therophytes occurs with many species in Cyanotido lanatae-Afrotrilepidetum pilosac while chamacphytes are most abundant in Oreonesiono testui-Afrotrilepidetum pilosae. The flora of inselbergs surrounded by savannah is characterized by species largely distributed in tropical Africa (60%). Most species occur also in the matrix surrounding the inselbergs, only one being strictly confined to the inselberg habitat. On inselbergs embedded in rainforest 40% of the species originate from the Lower Guinea sub-center of endemism. Nine species are only known to grow in the inselberg habitat. Mantel tests of correlation between floristic, climatic and spatial distances were computed in the two contrasted situations (savannah and rainforest matrix). For rainforest inselbergs the floristic dissimilarity is positively correlated to the spatial and climatic distances, while there was no significant correlation for savannah inselbergs. In our data set, the flora of inselbergs embedded in a savannah matrix was thus more uniform than that of inselbergs surrounded by rainforest. © 2006 Gebruder Borntraeger.
Response of American Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) Genotypes to Varying Plant Densities and Graded Levels of Fertilizers

A field experiment was conducted at research farm of Cotton Section, Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana during kharif 2011 to work out the optimum plant density and fertilizers level for hirsutum cotton genotypes LH 2107, LH 2108, F 2164 and LH 2076. Among the hirsutum cotton genotypes, LH 2107 (2397.9 kg/ha) and LH 2108 (2244.1 kg/ha) were statistically at par with each other but proved significantly superior over F 2164 (1967.2 kg/ha) and LH 2076 (1905.4 kg/ha). Higher plant density at plant geometry of 67.5 x 60 cm (2195.0 kg/ha) was found to be significantly superior over lower plant density at plant geometry of 67.5 x 75 cm (2062.3 kg/ha). Application of 100% RDF (2220.0 kg/ha) was statistically at par with 125% RDF (2189.6 kg/ha) and both these treatments registered significantly higher seed cotton yield than 75% RDF (1976.3 kg/ha).
SCDNA: a serially complete precipitation and temperature dataset for North America from 1979 to 2018

Abstract. Station-based serially complete datasets (SCDs) of precipitation and temperature observations are important for hydrometeorological studies. Motivated by the lack of serially complete station observations for North America, this study seeks to develop an SCD from 1979 to 2018 from station data. The new SCD for North America (SCDNA) includes daily precipitation, minimum temperature (Tmin⁡), and maximum temperature (Tmax⁡) data for 27 276 stations. Raw meteorological station data were obtained from the Global Historical Climate Network Daily (GHCN-D), the Global Surface Summary of the Day (GSOD), Environment and Climate Change Canada (ECCC), and a compiled station database in Mexico. Stations with at least 8-year-long records were selected, which underwent location correction and were subjected to strict quality control. Outputs from three reanalysis products (ERA5, JRA-55, and MERRA-2) provided auxiliary information to estimate station records. Infilling during the observation period and reconstruction beyond the observation period were accomplished by combining estimates from 16 strategies (variants of quantile mapping, spatial interpolation, and machine learning). A sensitivity experiment was conducted by assuming that 30 % of observations from stations were missing – this enabled independent validation and provided a reference for reconstruction. Quantile mapping and mean value corrections were applied to the final estimates. The median Kling–Gupta efficiency (KGE′) values of the final SCDNA for all stations are 0.90, 0.98, and 0.99 for precipitation, Tmin⁡, and Tmax⁡, respectively. The SCDNA is closer to station observations than the four benchmark gridded products and can be used in applications that require either quality-controlled meteorological station observations or reconstructed long-term estimates for analysis and modeling. The dataset is available at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3735533 (Tang et al., 2020).
Charitable Giving by the Poor: A Field Experiment in Kyrgyzstan

In a large-scale natural field experiment, we partnered with a microlending company in Kyrgyzstan that asked over 180,000 of its clients for donations to social projects as a form of corporate philanthropy. In a 2 × 2 design, we explored two main (preregistered) hypotheses about giving by the poor. First, based on a conjecture that the poor are more price sensitive than the rich and in contrast to previous studies, we hypothesize that matching incentives induce crowding in of out-of-pocket donations. Second, we hypothesize that our population cares about their proximity to the charitable project. We find evidence in favor of the former hypothesis but not the latter. Previous studies of charitable giving focus on middle- or high-income earners in Western countries, neglecting the poor, although the lowest-income groups are often shown to contribute substantial shares of their income to charitable causes. Our results challenge the evidence in the extant literature but are in line with our theoretical model. The implications for fundraising managers are that the optimal design of fundraising campaigns crucially depends on the targeted groups and that donation matching is successful in stimulating participation in poorer populations. This paper was accepted by Yan Chen, behavioral economics and decision analysis. Funding: Financial support was from the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft [Grant 280092119] and the Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung [Grant 100018_189152]. Supplemental Material: The data files and online appendix are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2023. 4702 .
The development of physics module oriented generative learning to increase the cognitive learning outcomes and science process skills of the students

This study aims to develop a physics module oriented generative learning. The research and development design were modified into three stages: preliminary study, development, and trial. The preliminary study consists of literature studies and preliminary surveys. At the development stage, the module validation results are obtained with the criteria of “good”. The stages of the trial were confined to the learner obtained N-gain values for cognitive learning outcomes and science process skills in the “moderate” category. The result of difference test of mean of control and experiment class is found that there is a significant difference with the average of experiment class higher than control class. Based on the questionnaire, learners respond positively to the module.
Changes in northern Baltic zooplankton and herring nutrition from 1980s to 1990s: top-down and bottom-up processes at work

During the stagnation period of the Baltic Sea the mean weight-at-age of Baltic herring decreased by 50% (between 1977 and 1992). This has usually been attributed to a top-down process, i.e. to the simultaneous collapse of cod stocks and their predation. We present long-term data for 1980 to 1993 showing that bottom-up effects may also have played a role: along with the decline of salinity. the biomass proportion of zooplankton taxa preferred by herring (larger than 20 pg ind:' in wet welght) significantly declined. To support our hypothesis we present a study in which Baltic herring feeding and selective predation were investigated during 1985, a time of good growth and high weightat-age, and 1991, when herring growth and weight-at-age were poor. In this study, herring ston~achs and simultaneously taken plankton samples were analysed from trawl surveys conducted in the northern Baltic proper d'uring the peak of the herring feeding season in late summer. During both 1985 and 1991, herring selectively preyed on the larger zooplankton categones, especially neritic copepods. However, in 1991, a smaller proportion of the prey in herring stomachs consisted of neritic copepods, apparently because their share in plankton had decreased. Consequently, and despite an increase in total zooplankton biomass, the estimated carbon content of the food eaten by herring was lower, and the average stomach fullness index (on a scale of 0 to 5) decreased from 3.9 in 1985 to 1.9 in 1991. Also, the amount of mesenteric fat on herring stomachs declined from 4.2 to 3.2 (scale 0 to 5), indicating a longer-term failure in feeding success. We suggest that, in addition to possible top-down effects (a release of cod predation), bottom-up processes mediated via changes in mesozooplankton species composition have also influenced hernng growth and that both of these processes are affected by the same environmental factor-the Baltic salinity level.
An Essential Role for Type 1 Interferon-γ in Terminating Persistent Viral Infection

Abstract The mechanism(s) by which infectious material is cleared by the host is an area of intensive study. This is especially so with the realization that persistent viral infection is a cause of chronic disease in humans and presents a major health problem. We have used the murine model of infection with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus to evaluate immune clearance. Mice with a targeted disruption of the IFN-γ gene mount effective cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) responses after an acute viral challenge and clear virus. CD4 + T cells are not required but CD8 + T cells are mandatory. In contrast, CTL from mice with targeted disruption of the IFN-γ gene are unable to clear virus from persistently infected mice. In addition to the requirement for IFN-γ, CD4 + T cells are essential for maintaining a CDB + -mediated cure of persistent viral infection.
Market efficiency and benefit distribution in medicinal plant markets: empirical evidence from South Asia

A large number of people rely on medicinal plants for maintaining their health and treating diseases. Official data on medicinal plant markets are, however, virtually non-existent and available local-level case studies do not allow generalisations. This study investigates the market efficiency and benefit distribution in the Nepal–India medicinal plant market by building a national-level dataset along the market chain from harvester in Nepal to regional wholesaler in India. Data were collected using open-ended questionnaires administered to medicinal plant harvesters (n = 639), traders (n = 166) and central wholesalers (n = 90) in 15 districts in Nepal and regional wholesalers (n = 53) in India. Results show indications of market inefficiency; there are spatial arbitrage opportunities and skewed distribution of net marketing margins. Harvesters operate with net margins at 34–55% of the Indian wholesaler price, while net margins for traders and central wholesalers are − 5–20% and 25–36%, respectively. There seems to be an exploitative relationship between central wholesalers and traders. The average annual value of unprocessed medicinal plant exports from Nepal is estimated at PPP US$39–159 million, making this the country's fifth most important export commodity; only a third of the potential government revenue is collected. It is argued that medicinal plants are currently neglected in national development interventions and policies in Nepal.