Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
AN AGENCY THEORY APPROACH TO DISINTERMEDIATION IN THE MICE DISTRIBUTION CHANNEL FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF THE HOTEL INDUSTRY

MICE Tourism is a segment of the tourism industry that deals with the organisation of Meetings, Incentives, Conventions and Exhibitions, which are experiencing a major process of disintermediation. This article applies the principal-agent problem in the theory of agency to analyse MICE disintermediation. It uses a dominant/sequential qual-QUAN mixed methods approach. Firstly, through interviews with MICE professionals to validate the research variables, test sample and questionnaire. Then, quantitative research using a survey sent to 365 MICE stakeholders in Europe. The opinions of hoteliers were compared with those of other MICE stakeholders to analyse disintermediation and determine the role of hoteliers in this new scenario. Our findings confirm a trend of partial disintermediation in which hotel bookings are the most disintermediated service and hoteliers are the stakeholders that pose a more proactive and aggressive attitude towards disintermediation. This paper is of interest for MICE stakeholders to better understand their position in the value chain and interpret the process of disintermediation. Its originality is based on the fact that it gathers the opinions of all MICE agents with a special focus on the perspective of its most dominant actor: the hotel.
THE GLOBULAR CLUSTER SYSTEM OF NGC 4636 AND FORMATION OF GLOBULAR CLUSTERS IN GIANT ELLIPTICAL GALAXIES

We present a spectroscopic analysis of the metallicities, ages, and alpha-elements of the globular clusters (GCs) in the giant elliptical galaxy (gE) NGC 4636 in the Virgo Cluster. Line indices of the GCs are measured from the integrated spectra obtained with Faint Object Camera and Spectrograph on the Subaru 8.2 m Telescope. We derive [Fe/H] values of 59 GCs based on the Brodie & Huchra method, and [Z/H], age, and [α/Fe] values of 33 GCs from the comparison of the Lick line indices with single stellar population models. The metallicity distribution of NGC 4636 GCs shows a hint of a bimodality with two peaks at [Fe/H] = -1.23(σ = 0.32) and −0.35(σ = 0.19). The age spread is large from 2 Gyr to 15 Gyr and the fraction of young GCs with age <5 Gyr is about 27%. The [α/Fe] of the GCs shows a broad distribution with a mean value [α/Fe] ≈0.14 dex. The dependence of these chemical properties on the galactocentric radius is weak. We also derive the metallicities, ages, and [α/Fe] values for the GCs in other nearby gEs (M87, M49, M60, NGC 5128, NGC 1399, and NGC 1407) from the line index data in the literature using the same methods as used for NGC 4636 GCs. The metallicity distribution of GCs in the combined sample of seven gEs including NGC 4636 is found to be bimodal, supported by the KMM test with a significance level of >99.9%. All these gEs harbor some young GCs with ages less than 5 Gyr. The mean age of the metal-rich GCs ([Fe/H] >−0.9) is about 3 Gyr younger than that of the metal-poor GCs. The mean value of [α/Fe] of the gE GCs is smaller than that of the Milky Way GCs. We discuss these results in the context of GC formation in gEs.
Karuppunel: A promising donor for high zinc content in rice (Oryza sativa) grain

Complex inheritance of high iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn) traits in polished grains, coupled with large genotype (G) × environment (E) interaction components are major challenges for rice biofortification programmes. Understanding such G × E interactions through multi-location trials and quantifying their magnitude using appropriate statistical models is the major pre-requisite in identification of stable donors for micronutrient traits for development of nutrient rich varieties. In the present study, we evaluated a set of 28 rice genotypes for Fe, Zn and key agronomical traits during wet season 2017 in 5 diverse environments in India. Combined analysis of variance revealed significant main effects due to genotypic, environmental and G × E interaction effects. Grain Fe showed maximum contribution from the effect of the genotype while in case of Zn, it was influenced significantly by environmental effect. Mega-environments were identified for stable evaluation of genotypes for Zn and Fe content, based on GGE biplot analysis. Yield stability index identified the genotype, G14 (Karuppunel) to be superior for grain Zn content (41.1 ppm) with high mean performance and high stability across the environments followed by the genotypes G4 (Taraori Basmati), G18, G25 (Tilakasturi and IC36704) and G2 (Edavankudipokkali). The findings from the study have significant implications for the development of high grain Zn containing rice varieties, so that the hidden hunger can be addressed in the right perspective.
METAL PRODUCTION IN GALAXY CLUSTERS: THE NON-GALACTIC COMPONENT

The metallicity in galaxy clusters is expected to originate from the stars in galaxies, with a population dominated by high-mass stars likely being the most important stellar component, especially in rich clusters. We examine the relationship between the metallicity and the prominence of galaxies as measured by the star-to-baryon ratio, M*/Mbary. Counter to expectations, we rule out a metallicity that is proportional to M*/Mbary, where the best fit has the gas-phase metallicity decreasing with M*/Mbary, or the metallicity of the gas plus the stars being independent of M*/Mbary. This implies that the population of stars responsible for the metals is largely proportional to the total baryonic mass of the cluster, not to the galaxy mass within the cluster. If generally applicable, most of the heavy elements in the universe were not produced within galaxies.
Pengaruh Kepemimpinan Transformasional dan Keterlibatan Kerja terhadap Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB) melalui Mediator Kepuasan Kerja

Teachers of extraordinary school (SLB) have a heavier and more varied workload than general teachers. In addition of carrying out administrative works, extraordinary school teachers face challenges in educating children with special needs who also require special handling. Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB) is required to overcome this situation. This study aims to test the model of transformational leadership effect and job involvement on OCB with job satisfaction as a mediator of SLB teachers. Participants in this study was 88 SLB teachers from State Extraordinary School "X", State Extraordinary School "Y", and State Extraordinary School “Z”. The data collection method used the transformational leadership scale, job involvement, job satisfaction, and OCB. The data analysis technique used the Structural Equation Model (SEM) through the Partial Least Square (PLS) program. The results of the study showed that the effect of transformational leadership and job involvement on OCB with job satisfaction mediator is in accordance with the empirical data. Partially, transformational leadership has a positive and significant effect on job satisfaction, transformational leadership has a positive and significant effect on OCB, job involvement has a positive and significant effect on job satisfaction, job involvement has a positive and significant effect on OCB, job satisfaction has a positive and significant effect on OCB. Job satisfaction can be a good mediator between transformational leadership on OCB and job involvement on OCB. The OCB model has been tested and can be applied as an effort to improve OCB for SLB teachers.
Soil Reinforcement Modelling on a Hilly Slope with Vegetation of Five Species in the Area Prone to Landslide in Malang, Indonesia

Malang Indonesia is an area prone to landslides, resulting in the need to model soil reinforcement to determine the vegetation’s slope stability using the roots of five species. One of the methods to improve the stability of slopes prone to landslides is adequate vegetation preservation. Soil strengthening with vegetation roots is environmentally friendly and an inexpensive alternative to reduce the vulnerability of slopes along mountainous slopes and the risk of shallow erosions. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the vegetation arrangement on the slopes in Malang Regency, Indonesia, with a view of geotechnical engineering on the role of its root characteristics. Slope stability was analyzed by modeling the distribution of vegetation roots as an equivalent cohesion approach, where the factor of safety (FoS) is calculated using the PLAXIS-2D version 86 software. Soil and root parameters were obtained through direct shear testing and examining five plant species’ tensile strength. The results showed that the highest stability is achieved when the position of the vegetation on the slope’s surface is compared to the top. The factor of safety (FoS) increased from 23% to 30% and from 28% to 31% for slopes with uniform and combined species. Of the five plant species, P. merkusii demonstrated some advantages in maintaining stability because it has better root mechanical properties, among others. However, the combined species, such as C. arabica, had better performance because they possess vertical and lateral root systems, which act as an anchor in penetrating and griping the soil. This means combining vegetation species is a preferable preventive measure to increase slope stability. The analysis results also demonstrated the significance of vegetation on slope stability. The results show that the FoS decreases when the slope angle increases and reaches its maximum when the species are combined. The mechanical effect of the plant root matrix system can increase the shear strength of the soil, thereby raising the slope stability. The density of roots in the soil mass and the tensile strength contribute to the soil’s ability to withstand shear stresses.
The medium-high and high technological intensity sectors in Mexico and Brazil: a structural decomposition analysis between 2000-2014

We develop a structural decomposition analysis (SDA) to identify the importance of mid-high and high technological intensity (MH&HT) manufacturing and services to the changes in gross output for Brazil and Mexico between 2000 and 2014. We break down the output changes in the composition and level of final demand, the production technique (technical coefficients), and the trade pattern (share of imports in the total supply of inputs and final goods). The results show that the MH&HT importance tends to be pro-cyclical in the two economies, increasing during periods of more remarkable economic growth (2000-2008 for Brazil and 2010-2014 for Mexico). This relation tends to be perceived for manufacturing and less so for services.
Extreme weather and climate policy

ABSTRACT What effect does extreme weather have on climate policy? Existing studies show that weather shocks have negative economic impacts and increase public awareness of climate change. These findings help identify the impacts of climate change on economic and social systems, and provide reasons for governments to adopt climate policy reforms. However, questions remain about the overall link between local extreme weather shocks and government climate policy. I investigate the effect of temperature shocks and natural disasters on a range of national, international, and subnational climate policies in samples spanning 1990–2018. I find that neither temperature shocks nor natural disasters generate climate mitigation reforms. Given that climate policy is currently insufficient to manage climate change and climate impacts are expected to increase this century, these findings suggest that future climate shocks are unlikely to catalyze meaningful climate action.
The protective effects of perceived gratitude and expressed gratitude for relationship quality among African American couples

The current study was designed to investigate the protective effects of gratitude in romantic relationships. Particular attention was given to differentiating the beneficial effects of perceived gratitude (i.e., gratitude from one’s partner, or feeling appreciated) versus expressed gratitude (i.e., gratitude to one’s partner, or being appreciative) in mitigating the negative effects of ineffective arguing and financial strain on multiple indicators of relationship quality, both concurrently and longitudinally. The sample comprised 316 African American couples with three waves of data spanning approximately 16 months. Results indicated higher levels of perceived gratitude – but not expressed gratitude – weakened the association between relationship stressors and worsened outcomes (i.e., less satisfaction and confidence, more instability) at both between-person and within-person levels. Concurrently, perceived gratitude exhibited protective effects with respect to ineffective arguing and financial strain; longitudinal protective effects were observed only with respect to ineffective arguing. Results highlight the ways in which perceiving gratitude from one’s partner, both at a single instance and sustained over many months, can be protective for multiple facets of relationship quality. Collectively, findings underscore the importance of interpersonal gratitude for romantic relationships and its merit for increased attention in research and practice.
Galactic conformity and central/satellite quenching, from the satellite profiles of M* galaxies at 0.4 < z < 1.9 in the UKIDSS UDS

We explore the redshift evolution of a curious correlation between the star formation properties of central galaxies and their satellites (‘galactic conformity’) at intermediate to high redshift (0.4 < z < 1.9). Using an extremely deep near-infrared survey, we study the distribution and properties of satellite galaxies with stellar masses, log( M ∗ / M (cid:3) ) > 9.7, around central galaxies at the characteristic Schechter function mass, M ∼ M ∗ . We ﬁt the radial proﬁles of satellite number densities with simple power laws, ﬁnding slopes in the range − 1.1 to − 1.4 for mass-selected satellites, and − 1.3 to − 1.6 for passive satellites. We conﬁrm the tendency for passive satellites to be preferentially located around passive central galaxies at 3 σ signiﬁcance and show that it exists to at least z ∼ 2. Meanwhile, the quenched fraction of satellites around star-forming galaxies is consistent with ﬁeld galaxies of equal stellar masses. We ﬁnd no convincing evidence for a redshift-dependent evolution of these trends. One simple interpretation of these results is that only passive central galaxies occupy an environment that is capable of independently shutting off star formation in satellite galaxies. By examining the satellites of higher stellar mass star-forming galaxies (log( M ∗ / M (cid:3) ) > 11), we conclude that the origin of galactic conformity is unlikely to be exclusively due to the host dark matter halo mass. A halo-mass-independent correlation could be established by either formation bias or a more physical connection between central and satellite star formation histories. For the latter, we argue that a star formation (or active galactic nucleus) related outburst event from the central galaxy could establish a hot halo environment which is then capable of quenching both central and satellite galaxies.
On complex oscillation theory, quasi-exact solvability and Fredholm Integral Equations

Biconfluent Heun equation (BHE) is a confluent case of the general Heun equation which has one more regular singular points than the Gauss hy- pergeometric equation on the Riemann sphere ˆ. Motivated by a Nevanlinna theory (complex oscillation theory) approach, we have established a theory of periodic BHE (PBHE) in parallel with the Lame equation verses the Heun equation, and the Mathieu equation verses the confluent Heun equation. We have established condition that lead to explicit construction of eigen-solutions of PBHE, and their single and double orthogonality, and a related first-order Fredholm-type integral equation for which the corresponding eigen-solutions must satisfy. We have also established a Bessel polynomials analogue at the BHE level which is based on the observation that both the Bessel equation and the BHE have a regular singular point at the origin and an irregular sin- gular point at infinity on the Riemann sphere ˆ C, and that the former equation has orthogonal polynomial solutions with respect to a complex weight. Fi- nally, we relate our results to an equation considered by Turbiner, Bender and Dunne, etc concerning a quasi-exact solvable Schrodinger equation gen- erated by first order operators such that the second order operators possess a finite-dimensional invariant subspace in a Lie algebra of SL2(C).
Special values of adjoint L-functions and congruences for automorphic forms on GL(n) over a number field

We prove an integrality result for the value at $s=1$ of the adjoint $L$-function associated to a cohomological cuspidal automorphic representation on ${\rm GL}(n)$ over any number field. We then show that primes (outside an exceptional set) dividing this special value give rise to congruences between automorphic forms. We also prove a non-vanishing property at infinity for the relevant Rankin-Selberg $L$-functions on ${\rm GL}(n)\times{\rm GL}(n)$.
TRANSITIONAL DISKS AND THEIR ORIGINS: AN INFRARED SPECTROSCOPIC SURVEY OF ORION A

Transitional disks are protoplanetary disks around young stars, with inner holes or gaps which are surrounded by optically thick outer, and often inner, disks. Here we present observations of 62 new transitional disks in the Orion A star-forming region. These were identified using the Spitzer Space Telescope's Infrared Spectrograph and followed up with determinations of stellar and accretion parameters using the Infrared Telescope Facility's SpeX. We combine these new observations with our previous results on transitional disks in Taurus, Chamaeleon I, Ophiuchus, and Perseus, and with archival X-ray observations. This produces a sample of 105 transitional disks of “cluster” age 3 Myr or less, by far the largest hitherto assembled. We use this sample to search for trends between the radial structure in the disks and many other system properties, in order to place constraints on the possible origins of transitional disks. We see a clear progression of host-star accretion rate and the different disk morphologies. We confirm that transitional disks with complete central clearings have median accretion rates an order of magnitude smaller than radially continuous disks of the same population. Pre-transitional disks—those objects with gaps that separate inner and outer disks—have median accretion rates intermediate between the two. Our results from the search for statistically significant trends, especially related to , strongly support that in both cases the gaps are far more likely to be due to the gravitational influence of Jovian planets or brown dwarfs orbiting within the gaps, than to any of the photoevaporative, turbulent, or grain-growth processes that can lead to disk dissipation. We also find that the fraction of Class II YSOs which are transitional disks is large, 0.1–0.2, especially in the youngest associations.
Pair–pair interactions as a mechanism for high-Tc superconductivity

The mutual interaction between Cooper pairs is proposed as a mechanism for the superconducting state. Above Tc, pre-existing but fluctuating Cooper pairs give rise to the unconventional pseudogap (PG) state, well-characterized by experiment. At the critical temperature, the pair–pair interaction induces a Bose-like condensation of these preformed pairs leading to the superconducting (SC) state. Below Tc, both the condensation energy and the pair–pair interaction β are proportional to the condensate density Noc(T), while the usual Fermi-level spectral gap Δ p ? > is independent of temperature. The new order parameter β ( T ) ? > , can be followed as a function of temperature, carrier concentration and disorder—i.e. the phase diagrams. The complexity of the cuprates, revealed by the large number of parameters, is a consequence of the coupling of quasiparticles to Cooper-pair excitations. The latter interpretation is strongly supported by the observed quasiparticle spectral function.
Effect of lattice geometry on magnon Hall effect in ferromagnetic insulators

We have investigated the thermal Hall effect of magnons for various ferromagnetic insulators. For pyrochlore ferromagnetic insulators Lu${}_{2}$V${}_{2}$O${}_{7}$, Ho${}_{2}$V${}_{2}$O${}_{7}$, and In${}_{2}$Mn${}_{2}$O${}_{7}$, finite thermal Hall conductivities have been observed below the Curie temperature ${T}_{C}$. From the temperature and magnetic-field dependencies, it is concluded that magnons are responsible for the thermal Hall effect. The Hall effect of magnons can be well explained by the theory based on the Berry curvature in momentum space induced by the Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya (DM) interaction. The analysis has been extended to the transition-metal (TM) oxides with perovskite structure. The thermal Hall signal was absent or far smaller in La${}_{2}$NiMnO${}_{6}$ and YTiO${}_{3}$, which have the distorted perovskite structure with four TM ions in the unit cell. On the other hand, a finite thermal Hall response is discernible below ${T}_{C}$ in another ferromagentic perovskite oxide BiMnO${}_{3}$, which shows orbital ordering with a larger unit cell. The presence or absence of the thermal Hall effect in insulating pyrochlore and perovskite systems reflect the geometric and topological aspect of DM-induced magnon Hall effect.
Electronic structure and quasiparticle bandgap of silicene structures

We report first-principles results on the electronic structure of silicene. For planar and simply buckled silicenes, we confirm their zero-gap nature and show a significant renormalization of their Fermi velocity by including many-electron effects. However, the other two recently proposed silicene structures exhibit a finite bandgap, indicating that they are gapped semiconductors instead of expected Dirac-fermion semimetals. This finite bandgap is preserved with the Ag substrate included. Moreover, our GW calculation reveals enhanced many-electron effects in these two-dimensional structures. Finally, the bandgap of the latter two structures can be tuned in a wide range by applying strain.
SIMULATIONS OF EARLY BARYONIC STRUCTURE FORMATION WITH STREAM VELOCITY. I. HALO ABUNDANCE

It has been recently shown that the relative velocity between the dark matter and the baryons (vbc) at the time of recombination can affect the structure formation in the early universe. We statistically quantify this effect using large cosmological simulations. We use three different high-resolution sets of simulations (with separate transfer functions for baryons and dark matter) that vary in box size, particle number, and the value of the relative velocity between dark matter and baryons. We show that the total number density of halos is suppressed by ∼20% at z = 25 for vbc = 1σvbc, where σvbc is the variance of the relative velocity, while for vbc = 3. 4σvbc the relative suppression at the same redshift reaches 50%, remaining at or above the 30% level all the way to z = 11. We also find a high abundance of “empty halos,” i.e., halos that have gas fraction below half of the cosmic mean baryonic fraction . Specifically, we find that for vbc = 1σvbc all halos below 105 M☉ are empty at z ⩾ 19. The high abundance of empty halos results in significant delay in the formation of gas-rich minihalos and the first galaxies.