Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Ancient Starch Remains Reveal the Vegetal Diet of the Neolithic Late Dawenkou Culture in Jiangsu, East China

The Liangwangcheng site, located in Pizhou County, Xuzhou City, northern Jiangsu Province, is one of the most important Neolithic Dawenkou Culture archeological sites in the Haidai area of China’s eastern seaboard. In recent years, archaeobotanical studies in the Haidai area, mainly focusing on Shandong Province, have yielded fruitful results, while relatively few such studies have been undertaken in northern Jiangsu Province. Here, we report the results of dental residue analysis conducted on 31 individual human skulls unearthed from the Late Dawenkou Culture Liangwangcheng site. The starch granules extracted from these residue samples indicate that foxtail and broomcorn millet, rice, roots and tubers, and legumes comprised the vegetal diet of Liangwangcheng’s occupants. Evidence suggests that mixed rice–millet agriculture played a definite role, with the coexistence of gathering as an economic element. According to archaeobotanical evidence from surrounding cotemporaneous sites, the Late Neolithic human groups that lived in the lower Huang-Huai River drainage shared similar subsistence patterns. Our results provide new evidence for a more comprehensive understanding of plant resource utilization and agricultural development in northern Jiangsu during the Dawenkou period.
Organic Nutrient Source Allocation and Use in Smallholder Farming Communities: What Are We Missing?

Organic nutrient sources (ONS) are managed as a key resource by smallholder farmers to maintain the productivity of soils. Recycling of ONS by applying them to soils is a globally dominant strategy of ecological nutrient management. Understanding how ONS produced on-farm are allocated and what drives farmer decision making around their use is critical for sustainable nutrient management in smallholder agroecosystems. Using focus group discussions and a survey of 184 farming households, we studied socio-economic, socio-cultural, and environmental drivers of ONS allocation and use at the farm scale in three contrasting agroecological zones of western Kenya. Farm typologies of ONS management were also developed using cluster analysis based on resource endowment and the connectedness of farmers, management norms, and interaction with extension. Our findings suggest that the more resource endowed a farmer is, the more ONS are allocated to the main plot within the farm. We also observed that farmers preferred allocating more resources to plots that were considered more fertile. Land tenure had an important influence, in that main plots not owned by farmers were more likely to retain ONS such as crop residues. Management of residues is dependent on farmer gender, for instance, female farmers tended to burn legume residues in particular, which is notable since these higher quality residues are often considered key to sustainable soil nutrient management. Farm typologies featured different allocation patterns of ONS and were associated with resource endowment and farmer networks, including external ties to extension agents and internal ties to other farmers. Finally, there was a strong overarching influence of agroecological zone that often escapes characterization on the allocation of ONS. As research and development organizations continue to engage with smallholder farmers to reduce the burden of global food insecurity, the insights gained by this research will allow better anticipation of drivers and obstacles to improved nutrient management in these farming landscapes and communities.
An Automated Approach for General Movement Assessment: A Pilot Study

Objective: The objective of the study was to develop an automatic quantitative approach to identify infants with abnormal movements of the limbs at term equivalent age (TEA) compared with general movement assessment (GMA). Methods: GMA was performed at TEA by a trained operator in neonates with neurological risk. GMs were classified as normal (N) or abnormal (Ab), which included poor repertoire and cramped synchronized movements. The signals from four micro-accelerometers placed on all limbs were recorded for 10 min simultaneously. A global index (KC_index), quantifying the characteristics of individual limb movements and the coordination among the limbs, was obtained by adding normalized kurtosis of the distribution of the first principal component of the acceleration signals to the cross-correlation of the jerk for the upper and lower limbs. Results: Sixty-eight infants were studied. A KC_index cut-off of 201.5 (95% CI: 199.9–205.0) provided specificity = 0.86 and sensitivity = 0.88 in identifying infants with Ab movements. Conclusions: KC_index provides an automatic and quantitative measure that may allow the identification of infants who require further neurological evaluation.
Interaction between diazotrophic bacteria and N-fertilizer doses on sugarcane crop

ABSTRACT The current study aimed to verify the effect of the inoculant constituted by diazotrophic bacteria applied in different ways, associated to different nitrogen (N)-fertilizer doses, on the yield and N utilization efficiency of sugarcane ratoon. The use of inoculant did not affect the N content in leaves, the chlorophyll content, tiller number, stalk diameter, or any of the other assessed technological attributes. However, the use of inoculant associated to doses of 60 and 90 kg N ha−1 promoted increase in stalk yield, dry matter, and N accumulation and efficiency of N fertilizer, and, on the other hand, the association of inoculant with 120 kg N ha−1 caused reduction of these parameters.
Maternal obesity, pregnancy weight gain, and birth weight and risk of colorectal cancer

Objective Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Obesity is a well-established risk factor for CRC, and fetal or developmental origins of obesity may underlie its effect on cancer in adulthood. We examined associations of maternal obesity, pregnancy weight gain, and birth weight and CRC in adult offspring. Design The Child Health and Development Studies is a prospective cohort of women receiving prenatal care between 1959 and 1966 in Oakland, California (N=18 751 live births among 14 507 mothers). Clinical information was abstracted from mothers’ medical records 6 months prior to pregnancy through delivery. Diagnoses of CRC in adult (age ≥18 years) offspring were ascertained through 2019 by linkage with the California Cancer Registry. We used Cox proportional hazards models to estimate adjusted HR (aHR); we examined effect measure modification using single-referent models to estimate the relative excess risk due to interaction (RERI). Results 68 offspring were diagnosed with CRC over 738 048 person-years of follow-up, and half (48.5%) were diagnosed younger than age 50 years. Maternal obesity (≥30 kg/m2) increased the risk of CRC in offspring (aHR 2.51, 95% CI 1.05 to 6.02). Total weight gain modified the association of rate of early weight gain (RERI −4.37, 95% CI −9.49 to 0.76), suggesting discordant growth from early to late pregnancy increases risk. There was an elevated association with birth weight (≥4000 g: aHR 1.95, 95% CI 0.8 to 4.38). Conclusion Our results suggest that in utero events are important risk factors for CRC and may contribute to increasing incidence rates in younger adults.
Hydrothermal synthesis and Er3+ ion exchange of sodium GTS-type titanosilicate

Powder samples of Na-GTS have been prepared using a hydrothermal method. Er3+- exchanged Na-GTS [Na4(1-x)Er(4/3)xTi4Si3O16·nH2O] with the compositions in the range of 0.28 ≤ x ≤ 0.64 was obtained by shaking the single-phase sample of Na-GTS in the ErC13 aqueous solutions (25 mL, 0.01~0.1 M) at 25 °C for 6 hours. The chemical analyses by atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS) show that the maximum allowance of Er3+ incorporated into Na-GTS is x = 0.64. TG-DTA measurements show that the incorporation of Er3+ slightly decreases the water contents and the dehydration temperatures. The powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns indicate that the diffraction-peak intensities vary systematically with increasing the Er3+ composition (x). The simulation of XRD patterns suggests the cation-distribution model that Er3+ and Na+ ions preferentially occupy the 4e and 6g sites, respectively.
Story Forest

Extracting events accurately from vast news corpora and organize events logically is critical for news apps and search engines, which aim to organize news information collected from the Internet and present it to users in the most sensible forms. Intuitively speaking, an event is a group of news documents that report the same news incident possibly in different ways. In this article, we describe our experience of implementing a news content organization system at Tencent to discover events from vast streams of breaking news and to evolve news story structures in an online fashion. Our real-world system faces unique challenges in contrast to previous studies on topic detection and tracking (TDT) and event timeline or graph generation, in that we (1) need to accurately and quickly extract distinguishable events from massive streams of long text documents, and (2) must develop the structures of event stories in an online manner, in order to guarantee a consistent user viewing experience. In solving these challenges, we propose Story Forest, a set of online schemes that automatically clusters streaming documents into events, while connecting related events in growing trees to tell evolving stories. A core novelty of our Story Forest system is EventX, a semi-supervised scheme to extract events from massive Internet news corpora. EventX relies on a two-layered, graph-based clustering procedure to group documents into fine-grained events. We conducted extensive evaluations based on (1) 60 GB of real-world Chinese news data, (2) a large Chinese Internet news dataset that contains 11,748 news articles with truth event labels, and (3) the 20 News Groups English dataset, through detailed pilot user experience studies. The results demonstrate the superior capabilities of Story Forest to accurately identify events and organize news text into a logical structure that is appealing to human readers.
Chemical probes for histone lysine demethylases

The primary objective of this DPhil research project was to develop selective and cell-active inhibitors of the histone lysine demethylase KDM2A, which could potentially lead to the discovery of a novel chemical probe. Chapter one of this thesis introduces the role of histone lysine demethylases (KDMs) in the epigenetic regulation of gene expression and discusses the value of chemical probes as tools to study these enzymes. Chapter two describes the synthesis of a library of indoline-based KDM2A inhibitors using a modular synthetic approach to explore key structure-activity relationships and a chiral counterion-mediated strategy to synthesize lead candidates enantioselectively. Chapter three discusses investigations into the cellular activity of lead compounds and explores strategies to address limitations associated with cytotoxicity and promiscuity. Chapter four describes the application of a variety of experimental techniques to identify the mode of target inhibition. Finally, chapter five focuses on the development of an enantioselective C-acylation reaction to access spirocyclic fragments asymmetrically.
MICROBIOLOGICAL QUALITY OF ANTI-TUBERCULOSIS DRUGS COMMONLY USED AT DOTS CENTRES AND PHARMACIES WITHIN KADUNA METROPOLIS, KADUNA, NIGERIA

Medicinal drugs of low-quality likely due to microbial contamination can result in increased morbidity and mortality thereby reducing the human population and may also result in emergence of resistant strain organisms in the environment. Studies suggest that there are a lot of counterfeit and substandard anti-tuberculosis drugs in circulation especially in Africa that are used for the treatment and control of tuberculosis whose damage on public health were mostly underestimated. Research on microbiological quality of anti-TB drugs is regrettably inadequate and scarce with most of the researches focused only on determining the active pharmaceutical ingredients of the drugs. This research aimed at assessing the microbiological quality of the anti-TB drugs used at DOTS Centres and Pharmacies within Kaduna metropolis, specifically to determine the total aerobic microbial count, total combined yeast and mould counts, the presence of indicator organisms; Escherichia coli, Salmonella species, Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa as well as the susceptibility of the isolates to standard antibiotics. A stratified random sampling was used. A total of fifty-two (52) samples comprising of Rifampicin, Pyrazinamide, Isoniazid, Ethambutol and 4FDC were collected for the study. Methods specified in the United States Pharmacopoeia (USP, 2019) under the test for specified organisms and enumeration test were adopted for this research work. The study conducted established that the anti-TB drugs used at DOTS centres and Pharmacies within Kaduna metropolis, Kaduna, Nigeria do not contain any of the indicator organisms but some of the selected anti-TB drugs are contaminated with other strains of microorganisms with some not meeting the requirement for total aerobic microbial count and total yeast and mould count. The microbial contaminants found include species of; Bacillus, Klebsiella, Enterobacter, Penicillium, Fusarium, Alterneria, Curvularia, Aspergillus, Candida and Sporotricum. Some of the selected isolates obtained from the selected anti-TB drugs were not susceptible to the standard antibiotics used; Augmentin, Chloramphenicol, Ciprofloxacin, Gentamicin, Amoxicillin and Ofloxacin, with highest resistance recorded in Amoxicillin for all the bacterial isolates. However, all the Candida species were susceptible to the antifungal drugs; Ketoconazole, Fluconazole, Clotrimazole and Itraconazole.
EFFECT OF USING BEE BREAD EXTRACT AS FEED ADDITIVES ON DIGESTIBILITY AND PRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCE OF MATERNAL GOATS DURING SUCKLING PERIOD.

The aim of this study was carried out to investigate the effect of using bee bread extract (BBE) as feed additive on productive a performance as milk yield and its composition of maternal goats during suckling period. As well as the growth performance of suckling kids and immunity status were studied. Eighteen Zaraibi goats averaged post– partum live body weight (LBW) 38.73 kg and aged 3-4 years as well as a number of born kids (twin) were divided randomly into three similar groups, where each one was allocated on the following dietary treatments. The control ration (T1) consisted of concentrate feed mixture (CFM) 70% + roughage 30% were the roughage portion was consisted of 25% berseem hay (BH) + 5% rice straw (RS), according to NRC (2007), with 5.0 ml of distilled water / head / daily throughout 90 -d. trial period. While the second and third groups (T2 and T3) were received the same control ration plus orally a dose of BBE 2.5 and 5.0 ml / head / daily throughout the trial period days, respectively. Results showed that the all digestibility coefficients and nutritive value as TDN and DCP for T3 or T2 were significant (P < 0.05) improved as compared with the T1 (control ration). Also, animals received BBE (T3 or T2) recorded higher (P < 0.05) average changes of body weight, BCS of maternal goats and enhance (P < 0.05) fed conversion and daily gain of their kids, milk yield and its components, classification of immunoglobulins in suckling milk, some blood serum parameters and economic efficiency than those the control ration (T1). However, differences were not significant (P>0.05) for both T3 and T2 among them. The present study indicate that the animals fed BBE as fed additives (T3 or T2) at concentrations of 2.5 and 5.0 ml / daily during critical period of suckling months could be caused positively effect on productive performance, suckling milk yield and it quality which reflected on health and growth rate of kids. Egypt. J. of Appl. Sci., 36 (3) 2021 1-20
Production and Optimization of Cellulase Activity of Thermomonospora Viridis Isolated From Rice Straw

A highly cellulolytic actinomycete SR1 was locally isolated from rice straw and provisionally identified as Thermomonospora viridis. Optimum pH, temperature, carbon and nitrogen sources for its cellulase production were 6.5, 35°C, Carboxymethyl cellulase (CMC) and yeast extract, respectively whereas those of cellulase activity were 7.5, 40°C, CMC and peptone respectively. The effects of various metal ions and different reductant and inhibitors on its cellulase activity were investigated. Univalent Ag+ was found to decrease the enzyme activity whereas increased by bivalent Mg2+. Ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) caused remarkable decrease of cellulase activity but β-Mercaptoethanol stimulated its cellulase activity. Bangladesh J. Bot. 50(2): 395-404, 2021 (June)
A COMPARISON BETWEEN PRE AND POST-CRISIS CONSUMER RESPONSES: DOES REPUTATION REALLY ACT AS A SHIELD?

A good corporate reputation is not only a critical intangible asset but is also stands out as a shield during crises. Humans have a natural tendency to question the underlying causes of events and real reasons behind the situations, and they also differentiate between intentional and unintentional actions. We would expect high reputation companies to engage in activities compatible with their reputation; however, this is not always the case as they might partake in some incompatible actions. A crisis poses an example of such unfavorable actions that are likely to haunt high reputation companies. In this 2X2 experimental study, a comparative analysis of pre and post-crisis consumer reactions was conducted, where reputation and intentionality of the company were manipulated at two levels. The results revealed that reputation might not act as a shield in every situation, and consumers may consider other factors to see the goodwill of the company.
The Drosophila gene vasa encodes a DEAD-box protein, which is localized during early oogenesis to the perinuclear region

Pole cells, the progenitors of the germ line, form at the posterior end of the Drosophila embryo from a region of specialized cytoplasm rich in ribonucleoprotein particles termed polar granules (Mahowald, 1968; Illmensee and Mahowald, 1974; Okada et al., 1974). The RNAs and proteins that make up polar granules assemble during the later stages of oogenesis (Illmensee et al., 1976). Mutations in genes that encode polar granule components have maternal-effect phenotypes, in that females lacking a wild-type copy of the gene produce embryos that fail to form pole cells and usually also carry somatic patterning deletions. The latter phenotype occurs because nanos mRNA localization depends on earlier steps of pole plasm assembly, and posterior localization of nanos mRNA is required in the wild-type embryo for posterior patterning (Boswell and Mahowald, 1985; Schüpbach and Wieschaus, 1986; Wang and Lehmann, 1991, Lehmann and NüssleinVolhard, 1991; Gavis and Lehmann, 1992). In the initial stages of pole plasm assembly, the first molecules known to move to the posterior pole are osk mRNA and staufen protein (Kim-Ha et al., 1991; Ephrussi et al., 1991, St Johnston et al., 1991). Their localization is dependent on the functions of the capu and spir genes. The next pole plasm component to be localized is vasa protein, an event dependent upon the functions of capu, spir, osk and stau (Lasko and Ashburner, 1990; Hay et al., 1990). At least seven further mRNAs (nos, pum, cyclin-B, gcl, mtlrRNA, Hsp83 and orb), and two proteins (tudor and fat facets), associate in the pole plasm (Gavis and Lehmann, 1992; Barker et al., 1992; Jongens et al., 1992; Kobayashi et al., 1993; Dalby and Glover, 1992; Fischer-Vize et al., 1992; Lantz et al., 1992; Ding et al., 1993; Bardsley et al., 1993). These molecules localize late in oogenesis, and the recruitment of most of them to the pole plasm has been shown to depend on vasa function. In addition to its role in pole plasm assembly, vasa has an earlier function in oogenesis, as females homozygous for null mutations of vas produce no eggs and terminate oogenesis in early vitellogenic stages (Lasko and Ashburner, 1988). The components of pole plasm are functionally essential for formation of the embryonic germ line, since females mutant in genes encoding pole plasm components produce embryos that lack sex cells. Furthermore, mislocalization of the oskar mRNA to the anterior pole of the oocyte by replacing its 3′ untranslated region with that of bicoid results in the formation of ectopic, functional pole cells at the anterior end of the embryo (Ephrussi and Lehmann, 1992). Among the set of genes identified by mutation as involved in pole plasm formation, in addition to osk only vas and tud must be present in a functional copy for the formation of pole cells at the 1201 Development 120, 1201-1211 (1994) Printed in Great Britain © The Company of Biologists Limited 1994
CONJUGAL VIOLENCE AND HEALTH CARE PRACTICE THROUGH LEVELS OF HEALTH CARE: NURSES ́ SPEECHES

Objective: to describe the nurse’s care practice in the face of cases of marital violence in the three levels of health care. Method: qualitative study conducted with 47 nurses working in a large city in the Northeast of Brazil. The data were collected between September and November 2018, systematized through NVIVO11® software, and analyzed through the Discourse of the Collective Subject. Results: the research revealed that, in the identification of cases of violence, there is a need to investigate the daily marital life and establish a bond with the user. Regarding referrals, articulation with other professionals is necessary. Final considerations: the research offers subsidies to guide the care of women in conjugal violence situation in the three levels of attention. DESCRIPTORS: Domestic Violence; Health Care Levels; Nursing; Public Health; Women’s Health. dx.doi. org/10.5380/ce.v26i0. 74083 Cogitare enferm. 2021, v26:e74083 Anderson Reis de Sousa1 Fernanda Matheus Estrela2 Andrey Ferreira da Silva1 Júlia Renata Fernandes de Magalhães1 Milena Arão da Silva Oliveira1 Adriana Karlla Neves da Silva Loureiro3 Valquíria Rodrigues Gomes4 1Universidade Federal da Bahia. Salvador, BA, Brasil. 2Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana. Feira de Santana, BA, Brasil. 3Prefeitura Municipal de Ananindeua. Ananindeua, PA, Brasil. 4Universidade do Estado do Pará. Belém, PA, Brasil. VIOLENCIA CONYUGAL Y PRÁCTICA ASISTENCIAL POR NIVELES DE ATENCIÓN SANITARIA: DISCURSO DE LAS ENFERMERAS
Recovery and de-ashing of coal fines from coal water slurry using the oil agglomeration process by waste transformer oil

ABSTRACT The waste coal water slurry from coal washeries contains a significant amount of energy values in terms of both fine and ultrafine coals. These slurries, when disposed off without proper treatment, pose a threat to the environment. Oil agglomeration can be a promising technique to recover these fine coals. In the present study, waste transformer oil from the power generation-transmission sector was used to recover these coal fines. The effect of pulp density, agglomeration time, oil dosage, and particle size was investigated for the performance of the process. The performance of the process was evaluated based on % ash rejection and % organic matter recovery.