Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Importation, Local Transmission, and Model Selection in Estimating the Transmissibility of COVID-19: The Outbreak in Shaanxi Province of China as a Case Study

Background: Since the emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic, many models have been applied to understand its epidemiological characteristics. However, the ways in which outbreak data were used in some models are problematic, for example, importation was mixed up with local transmission. Methods: In this study, five models were proposed for the early Shaanxi outbreak in China. We demonstrated how to select a reasonable model and correctly use the outbreak data. Bayesian inference was used to obtain parameter estimates. Results: Model comparison showed that the renewal equation model generates the best model fitting and the Susceptible-Exposed-Diseased-Asymptomatic-Recovered (SEDAR) model is the worst; the performance of the SEEDAR model, which divides the exposure into two stages and includes the pre-symptomatic transmission, and SEEDDAAR model, which further divides infectious classes into two equally, lies in between. The Richards growth model is invalidated by its continuously increasing prediction. By separating continuous importation from local transmission, the basic reproduction number of COVID-19 in Shaanxi province ranges from 0.45 to 0.61, well below the unit, implying that timely interventions greatly limited contact between people and effectively contained the spread of COVID-19 in Shaanxi. Conclusions: The renewal equation model provides the best modelling; mixing continuous importation with local transmission significantly increases the estimate of transmissibility.
The efficiency level of Indonesian banks in the Covid-19 pandemic era and its determinant

Purpose – This study aims to measure the efficiency level of Indonesian Banking in the period 2015-2020, especially in the year 2020 when the Covid-19 pandemic began to spread in Indonesia. In addition, the efficiency determinant was further analyzed to find some factors that affect banking efficiency.Methodology – Non-parametric approach-Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) and Tobit Regression were employed as the research methods to determine determinants that affect efficiency level.Findings – The findings show that the efficiency level of Indonesian Banks experienced a decreasing trend in 2020. The impact of Covid-19 on banking efficiency was also confirmed by RTS, which was included in the Decreasing Return to Scale (DRS) category. Islamic banking scored a higher score of 0.66 than conventional banking, with a score of 0.59. In addition, Indonesian Banks' most crucial variable to be improved during the pandemic is total financing. This study also found that ROA and LDR/FDR significantly affects banking efficiency. Therefore, Indonesian Banks should maintain and increase their bank profitability and financing distributions to improve their efficiency.Implication – This research can be used as guidelines for policymakers, especially bank management, to improve their weaknesses in terms of banking efficiency. Originality – This study was the first research that focuses on measuring the efficiency of Islamic banks compared to conventional banks in Indonesia during the Covid-19 and precisely measures the bank's internal factors affecting bank efficiency.
Assessment of response of neoadjuvant chemotherapy in carcinoma breast patients by high-frequency ultrasound

Aim: To assess the response of neoadjuvant chemotherapy in carcinoma breast patients by high-frequency ultrasound. Material and Method: The current single blind, observational study was conducted at rural tertiary healthcare center of Acharya Vinoba Bhave Rural Hospital from October 2018 to Sept 2020. We incorporated breast cancer patients with TNM stages IIIA and IIIB who received neoadjuvant chemotherapy with Cyclophosphamide/Adriamycin/5 FU and Paclitaxel respectively followed by standard surgical procedure modified radical mastectomy. Successive ultrasound examination of the breast malignancy and the axilla was done after 21 days of either of any neoadjuvant chemotherapy for 3 cycles. Assessment of response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy was applied in terms of reduction in the breast tumour volume on ultrasound and percentage of tumour response calculated by Response Evaluation Criteria for Solid Tumours (RECIST). Data were analysed using SPSS version 24.0. Results: Higher frequency of patients was invasive ductal breast cancer. In our study, Paclitaxel group showed better response in terms of CR and PR than CAF group. Our study noticed a consistent decrement in tumour volume after every cycle of either CAF or Paclitaxel NACT. Axillary ultrasound was able to predict the response of axillary lymph nodes in terms of increase or decrease in number and morphological changes after 3 cycles of NACT with similarity on final histopathology. Conclusion: It can be concluded from the results of the present study that high-frequency ultrasound is appropriate tool for assessment of response of primary breast malignancy and lymphnode metastasis in the axilla after neoadjuvant chemotherapy.
Overexcitability in children aged 8 and 9 in parents’ perception. Does sex matter?

Wzmożone pobudliwości psychiczne (OE) przejawiające się w intensywnym, emocjonalnym i głębokim przeżywaniu, są częścią potencjału rozwojowego w Teorii Dezintegracji Pozytywnej Kazimierza Dąbrowskiego. Większość badań OE prowadzona jest z osobami uzdolnionymi z wykorzystaniem samooceny. Niniejsze badanie przeprowadzono wśród dzieci losowo dobranych z ogólnoszkolnej populacji, z wyłączeniem selektywnego kryterium wybitnych zdolności. Za pomocą Overexcitability Inventory for Parents (OIP-II) zebrano opinie rodziców na temat profili OE ich dzieci. OIP-II składa się z sześciu skal: psychomotorycznej, sensualnej, wyobrażeniowej, intelektualnej OEs oraz wrażliwości emocjonalnej i empatii emocjonalnej. W badaniu wzięło udział 116 rodziców dzieci w wieku 8 lat (n=42, 26% dziewczynek) i 9 lat (n=74, 50% dziewczynek). Wielowymiarowa analiza wariancji (MANOVA) wykazała, że dziewczęta uzyskały statystycznie istotnie wyższe wyniki niż chłopcy w sensualnej OE (p<.05) i empatii emocjonalnej (p<.01). Starsze dziewczęta uzyskiwały wyższe wyniki (p<.01) w sensualnej OE, a młodsze w empatii emocjonalnej. Nie znaleziono profilu OE chłopców. Nowością w niniejszym badaniu jest losowy dobór dzieci z ogólnej populacji oraz wykorzystanie OIP-II. W dyskusji prezentowane są możliwe wyjaśnienia i interpretacje wyników, w tym sugestie kierunku dalszych badań.
Photosynthesis in guar: Recovery from water stress, basic parameter estimates, and intrinsic variation among germplasm

ABSTRACT Little is known about the photosynthetic physiology of guar (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba L. Taub), a legume crop, including how photosynthetic parameters intrinsically vary among germplasm and their recovery from water stress. To address this, two greenhouse studies were conducted: Study-1 to compare photosynthetic light response (A N–I) curves and related parameters in three contrasting guar genotypes under optimal and post-water deficit conditions; and Study-2 to quantify photosynthetic parameters in 44 guar genotypes and explore inter-relationships with plant growth parameters. In Study-1, the mean net photosynthetic rate (A N) statistically peaked with 1500 μmol (photons) m −2 s −1, though the maximum A N [33.29 μmol (CO2) m−2 s−1] was modeled to occur with 1950 μmol (photons) m −2 s −1. The light compensation point (I comp), dark respiration rate (R D), and maximum quantum yield (Ф(I 0)) were modeled to be 49.9 μmol (photons) m−2 s−1, 2.62 μmol (CO2) m−2 s−1, and 0.0526 μmol (CO2) μmol −1 (photons), respectively. Photosynthesis in guar was resilient to water stress. Despite reductions in growth, specific leaf area (SLA), and other growth parameters, persistently drought-stressed guar plants, on average, exhibited rapid and full recovery of photosynthetic functions when watered. Genotypes differed in their capacity to recover to some degree. In Study-2, A N differed only between two of the 44 genotypes tested, corresponding to the minimum and maximum A N values. There were no relationships between A N and most plant growth parameters. This finding suggested there is low potential to use point measurements of A N as a selection parameter for increased guar productivity.
ON FUNCTION AND OPERATOR MODULES

Let A be a unital Banach algebra. We give a characterization of the left Banach A-modules X for which there exists a commutative unital C ∗ -algebra C(K), a linear isometry i: X → C(K), and a contractive unital homomorphism θ: A → C(K) such that i(ax) = θ(a)i(x) for any a ∈ A, x ∈ X. We then deduce a "commutative" version of the Christensen-Effros-Sinclair characterization of operator bimodules. In the last section of the paper, we prove a w ∗ -version of the latter characterization, which generalizes some previous work of Effros and Ruan.
Why does the young generation invest in sharia mutual funds on the Bibit platform?

Purpose – This study aims to examine the factors that affect the younger generation's use of the Bibit platform to invest in sharia mutual funds.Methodology – This study relies on primary data from 300 people aged 17 to 40 who used the Bibit platform to invest in sharia mutual funds and the study used Structural Equation Modelling Partial Least Squares (SEM-PLS) to analyze the relationship between independent variables and dependent variables using the SmartPLS 3.2. 9 application. Data transformation is supported by Microsoft Excel 2019 and IBM SPSS Statistics 25.Finding – It has been discovered that a variety of factors, including behavioral goals, social influence, attitudes toward use, perceived risks, and perceived rewards all have an impact on whether or not the young generation uses the Bibit platform for investing in Islamic mutual funds.Implication – This research will assist stakeholders in developing strategies and policies to increase demand for sharia instruments among the younger generation.Originality – Indonesia's population is dominated by the younger generation who are the main potential investors in the future. This research contributes to attracting young investors to invest in Islamic mutual funds in Indonesia so that Islamic finance is increasingly developed.
RAPID COMMUNICATION: Singular waves along the boundary of gyrotropic plasma

The existence of a singular wave on the boundary of a magnetized plasma has been proved for both dielectric and metal interface. It has been shown that the points of the complex-zone boundary are neither degenerate waves, nor ones with zero field components. It has been proved that the intersection points of the complex-zone loop with the dispersion curve describe singular waves. The correct field components of the singular wave enable one to calculate Poynting's vector, which is essential for the modelling of a plasma sustained by a travelling surface wave.
How state anxiety influences retrospective time perception: the moderated mediation of perceived control and memory bias

ABSTRACT This study aims to explore how individuals retrospectively perceive time when they are anxious. In Experiment 1, state anxiety (high and low) was induced by a standardised induction procedure, and retrospective time perception was measured using a visual analogue mood scale. In Experiment 2, memory bias and perceived control were tested as the underlying mechanisms of the effect of state anxiety on retrospective time perception. The results suggest that (1) individuals with high state anxiety retrospectively perceive the duration to be longer than individuals with low state anxiety; (2) memory bias mediates the effect of state anxiety on retrospective time perception; and (3) perceived control moderates the mediating effect of memory bias on the relationship between state anxiety and retrospective time perception. Our findings provide a comprehensive model for the mechanisms underlying time inaccuracy in individuals with anxiety and illustrate the important role of perceived control in the process.
Death of a Protein: The Role of E3 Ubiquitin Ligases in Circadian Rhythms of Mice and Flies

Circadian clocks evolved to enable organisms to anticipate and prepare for periodic environmental changes driven by the day–night cycle. This internal timekeeping mechanism is built on autoregulatory transcription–translation feedback loops that control the rhythmic expression of core clock genes and their protein products. The levels of clock proteins rise and ebb throughout a 24-h period through their rhythmic synthesis and destruction. In the ubiquitin–proteasome system, the process of polyubiquitination, or the covalent attachment of a ubiquitin chain, marks a protein for degradation by the 26S proteasome. The process is regulated by E3 ubiquitin ligases, which recognize specific substrates for ubiquitination. In this review, we summarize the roles that known E3 ubiquitin ligases play in the circadian clocks of two popular model organisms: mice and fruit flies. We also discuss emerging evidence that implicates the N-degron pathway, an alternative proteolytic system, in the regulation of circadian rhythms. We conclude the review with our perspectives on the potential for the proteolytic and non-proteolytic functions of E3 ubiquitin ligases within the circadian clock system.
A lateral boundary formulation for multi-level prediction models. [numerical weather forecasting

A method is proposed for treating the lateral boundaries of a limited-area weather prediction model. The method involves the relaxation of the interior flow in the vicinity of the boundary to the external fully prescribed flow. Analytical and numerical results obtained with a linearized multilevel model confirm the effectiveness of this computationally effective method. The method is shown to give an adequate representation of outgoing gravity waves with and without an ambient shear flow and to allow the substantially undistorted transmission of geostrophically balanced flow out of the interior of the limited domain.
Savings Groups for Social Health Protection: A Social Resilience Study in Rural Tanzania

Global health experts use a health system perspective for research on social health protection. This article argues for a complementary actor perspective, informed by the social resilience framework. It presents a Saving4Health initiative with women groups in rural Tanzania. The participatory qualitative research design yielded new insights into the lived experience of social health protection. The study shows how participation in saving groups increased women’s collective and individual capacities to access, combine and transform five capitals. The groups offered a mechanism to save for the annual insurance premium and to obtain health loans for costs not covered by insurance (economic capital). The groups organized around aspirations of mutual support and protection, fostered social responsibility and widened women’s interaction arena to peers, government and NGO representatives (social capital). The groups expanded women’s horizon by exposing them to new ways of managing financial health risk (cultural capital). The groups strengthened women’s social recognition in their family, community and beyond and enabled them to initiate transformative change through advocacy for health insurance (symbolic capital). Savings groups shape the evolving field of social health protection in interaction with governmental and other powerful actors and have further potential for mobilization and transformative change.
Cognitive Function and Vitamin D Status in the Chinese Hemodialysis Patients

Objective Vitamin D insufficiency and the cognitive function decline are both common in patients receiving hemodialysis (HD). The present study evaluated the relation between cognitive function and circulating vitamin D levels in HD patients in Wannan Medical College Affiliated Yijishan Hospital, China. Methods This study was conducted in 80 patients receiving HD in Wannan Medical College Affiliated Yijishan Hospital. To measure cognitive function, Montreal Cognitive Assessment-Basic (MoCA-B) Chinese Version was used. The 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D], which is applied to assess vitamin D status, was tested. One-way ANOVA, Tukey post hoc test, and the correlation and regression analysis were used in this study. Results Based on the MoCA-B, cognitive function decline (the scores below 26) was present in 28 HD patients, accounting for 35% (28/80). The mean age of these patients is 50.5 ± 10.9 years old. The mean level of 25(OH)D was 16.1 ± 7.3 ng/ml in 80 HD patients. In univariate analysis, there was a significant relationship between MoCA-B score and serum 25(OH)D level (p < 0.05). The level of 25(OH)D was positively correlated with MoCA-B score (r = 0.312, p = 0.023), and the association was independent of demographic and clinical features. Conclusions Vitamin D insufficiency may contribute to cognitive function decline in HD patients. Serum level of 25(OH)D is an independent protective factor of cognitive function in the HD patients.
The Challenge of Developing Statistical Literacy, Reasoning and Thinking

inferences, Bayesian inferences, being based on the posterior distribution, are conditional on the actual sample that was observed. Chapters 10 and 11 cover Bayesian inference for a normal mean under flat, conjugate, and nonconjugate priors and presents a comparison with frequentist techniques, following the basic outline of Chapters 8 and 9. Two-sample problems for normal means and binomial proportions are presented in Chapters 12. Chapter 13 covers simple linear regression using Bayesian methods. Chapter 14 discusses how to guard against prior misspecification by performing robust Bayesian inferences with mixtures of conjugate priors. I really like the fact that, as Bayesian methods are developed, they are compared with frequentist methods. This gives readers with prior exposure to the frequentist approach a level of familiarity to work from and an opportunity to appreciate the differences between the two perspectives. This book would be a good choice as a textbook for an introductory undergraduate course on Bayesian methods aimed at students majoring or minoring in statistics. The book could also be used as a reference in a survey course where students sample from many different topics to spark their interest. A good knowledge of calculus (differentiation and integration) is needed to understand and practice the ideas presented in the book. A 20-page calculus appendix provides a review of the needed prerequisite topics. At least one prior course in statistics is also a must, in my opinion, to fully appreciate the comparisons between Bayesian and frequentist methods. The reader would want to be able to focus on the Bayesian developments here (and the coverage can at times get quite in-depth) without having to learn everything about statistics all at once. There are exercises at the end of each chapter, focusing primarily on Bayesian methods. The computer-based exercises can be solved using Minitab or R macros that can be downloaded from the Web. Some of the macros can be used to perform Monte Carlo simulations to study the frequentist performance of Bayesian methods. The exercises are somewhat sparse, but they are challenging and thoughtfully written. They should be especially useful for group work and in-class discussions. If you find yourself (or your students) caught up in the “Bayesian versus frequentist” debate and want to find out more about the Bayesian side of things, the preface of this book provides a very lively and interesting discussion of (if not an argument for) the Bayesian perspective. I would recommend this book if you are interested in teaching an introductory course in Bayesian statistics to students who have a strong calculus background and a solid foundation in (the traditional form of) introductory statistics.
THE EFFECT OF H2O ON ICE PHOTOCHEMISTRY

UV irradiation of simple ices is proposed to efficiently produce complex organic species during star formation and planet formation. Through a series of laboratory experiments, we investigate the effects of the H2O concentration, the dominant ice constituent in space, on the photochemistry of more volatile species, especially CH4, in ice mixtures. In the experiments, thin (∼40 ML) ice mixtures, kept at 20–60 K, are irradiated under ultra-high vacuum conditions with a broadband UV hydrogen discharge lamp. Photodestruction cross sections of volatile species (CH4 and NH3) and production efficiencies of new species (C2H6, C2H4, CO, H2CO, CH3OH, CH3CHO, and CH3CH2OH) in water-containing ice mixtures are determined using reflection-absorption infrared spectroscopy during irradiation and during a subsequent slow warm-up. The four major effects of increasing the H2O concentration are: (1) an increase of the destruction efficiency of the volatile mixture constituent by up to an order of magnitude due to a reduction of back reactions following photodissociation, (2) a shift to products rich in oxygen, e.g., CH3OH and H2CO, (3) trapping of up to a factor of 5 more of the formed radicals in the ice, and (4) a disproportional increase in the diffusion barrier for the OH radical compared with the CH3 and HCO radicals. The radical diffusion temperature dependencies are consistent with calculated H2O-radical bond strengths. All the listed effects are potentially important for the production of complex organics in H2O-rich icy grain mantles around protostars and should thus be taken into account when modeling ice chemistry.
Benefits of Valsartan and Amlodipine in Lipolysis through PU.1 Inhibition in Fructose-Induced Adiposity

High fructose intake has been implicated in obesity and metabolic syndrome, which are related to increased cardiovascular mortality. However, few studies have experimentally examined the role of renin–angiotensin system blockers and calcium channel blockers (CCB) in obesity. We investigated the effects of valsartan (an angiotensin II receptor blocker) and amlodipine (a CCB) on lipolysis through the potential mechanism of PU.1 inhibition. We observed that high fructose concentrations significantly increased adipose size and triglyceride, monoacylglycerol lipase, adipose triglyceride lipase, and stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 (SCD1), activating transcription factor 3 and PU.1 levels in adipocytes in vitro. Subsequently, PU.1 inhibitor treatment was able to reduce triglyceride, SCD1, and PU.1 levels. In addition, elevated levels of triglyceride and PU.1, stimulated by a high fructose concentration, decreased with valsartan and amlodipine treatment. Overall, these findings suggest that high fructose concentrations cause triacylglycerol storage in adipocytes through PU.1-mediated activation. Furthermore, valsartan and amlodipine treatment reduced triacylglycerol storage in adipocytes by inhibiting PU.1 activation in high fructose concentrations in vitro. Thus, the benefits of valsartan and amlodipine in lipolysis may be through PU.1 inhibition in fructose-induced adiposity, and PU.1 inhibition might have a potential therapeutic role in lipolysis in fructose-induced obesity.
Model adaptivity for plates based on a continuous-discontinuous finite element method

To solve (1) we use a continuous-discontinuous Galerkin method, first proposed by Engel et. al. [1], with a continuous polynomial approximation of degree k≥ 2 for the transverse displacements (the normal derivative along interior element edges is discontinuous). Then for (2) additional rotational degrees of freedom are introduced on each element T in the partition T = {T} of Ω (KL have the rotations to equal the gradient of the displacement); now the rotations will be approximated by discontinuous polynomials of degree k− 1, as suggested by Hansbo and Larson [2]. Notice, however, that the approximation of the transverse displacements is the same; therefore solving the weak KLand MR-formulations is done using closely related low-order finite elements. (So long as a computable parameter is set properly, it can be shown that the difference ∇u−θ tends to zero as t → 0, thus avoiding degradation of the numerical solution caused by shear locking.)