Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Nondietary Cardiovascular Health Metrics With Patient Experience and Loss of Productivity Among US Adults Without Cardiovascular Disease: The Medical Expenditure Panel Survey 2006 to 2015

Background The American Heart Association 2020 Impact Goals aimed to promote population health through emphasis on cardiovascular health (CVH). We examined the association between nondietary CVH metrics and patient‐reported outcomes among a nationally representative sample of US adults without cardiovascular disease. Methods and Results We included adults aged ≥18 years who participated in the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey between 2006 and 2015. CVH metrics were scored 1 point for each of the following: not smoking, being physically active, normal body mass index, no hypertension, no diabetes mellitus, and no dyslipidemia, or 0 points if otherwise. Diet was not assessed in Medical Expenditure Panel Survey. Patient‐reported outcomes were obtained by telephone survey and included questions pertaining to patient experience and health‐related quality of life. Regression models were used to compare patient‐reported outcomes based on CVH, adjusting for sociodemographic factors and comorbidities. There were 177 421 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey participants (mean age, 45 [17] years) representing ~187 million US adults without cardiovascular disease. About 12% (~21 million US adults) had poor CVH. Compared with individuals with optimal CVH, those with poor CVH had higher odds of reporting poor patient‐provider communication (odds ratio, 1.14; 95% CI, 1.05–1.24), poor healthcare satisfaction (odds ratio, 1.15; 95% CI, 1.08–1.22), poor perception of health (odds ratio, 5.89; 95% CI, 5.35–6.49), at least 2 disability days off work (odds ratio, 1.39; 95% CI, 1.30–1.48), and lower health‐related quality of life scores. Conclusions Among US adults without cardiovascular disease, meeting a lower number of ideal CVH metrics is associated with poor patient‐reported healthcare experience, poor perception of health, and lower health‐related quality of life. Preventive measures aimed at optimizing ideal CVH metrics may improve patient‐reported outcomes among this population.
Influence of sample size and analytic approach on stability and interpretation of brain‐behavior correlations in task‐related fMRI data

Limited statistical power due to small sample sizes is a problem in fMRI research. Most of the work to date has examined the impact of sample size on task‐related activation, with less attention paid to the influence of sample size on brain‐behavior correlations, especially in actual experimental fMRI data. We addressed this issue using two large data sets (a working memory task, N = 171, and a relational processing task, N = 865) and both univariate and multivariate approaches to voxel‐wise correlations. We created subsamples of different sizes and calculated correlations between task‐related activity at each voxel and task performance. Across both data sets the magnitude of the brain‐behavior correlations decreased and similarity across spatial maps increased with larger sample sizes. The multivariate technique identified more extensive correlated areas and more similarity across spatial maps, suggesting that a multivariate approach would provide a consistent advantage over univariate approaches in the stability of brain‐behavior correlations. In addition, the multivariate analyses showed that a sample size of roughly 80 or more participants would be needed for stable estimates of correlation magnitude in these data sets. Importantly, a number of additional factors would likely influence the choice of sample size for assessing such correlations in any given experiment, including the cognitive task of interest and the amount of data collected per participant. Our results provide novel experimental evidence in two independent data sets that the sample size commonly used in fMRI studies of 20–30 participants is very unlikely to be sufficient for obtaining reproducible brain‐behavior correlations, regardless of analytic approach.
Effect of plant hormones on invertase activity and on petal growth of cut rose.

Cell expansion caused by water influx in petal cells is an important mechanism responsible for the flower opening process. It is believed that carbohydrates are key factors as an osmolite to draw water into cells. To clarify the mechanism of flower opening and to improve cut flower quality, we investigated sucrose metabolism in rose petals using attached and cut flowers. We have been probing into possibility that the quality of cut rose flowers can be improved by controlling the invertase activity in postharvest condition. In this present study, we tried to clarify the effect of plant hormones on invertase activity and on the petal growth of cut roses. First we used petal discs of Rosa 'FEbesa' for plant hormone (IAA, ABA, GA 3 , and JA) treatment. The results showed that IAA and GA 3 could increase the activity of cell-wall bound invertase, and IAA, GA 3 , and ABA increase that of vacuolar invertase. For applied experiments with plant hormones, we used a scent rose Rosa 'Meivildo', which has a short vase life. We found some of the plant hormones (IAA and JA) in vase solution affected the petal growth of cut rose. For example, flower opening was promoted by NAA treatment and delayed by JA treatment compared with control. We are now investigating about sugar metabolism including invertase activity in rose petal on each treatment.
Diets of the White-Chinned Petrel and Sooty Shearwater in the Southern Benguela Region, South Africa

The White-chinned Petrel (Procellaria aequinoctialis) and Sooty Shearwater (Pufinus griseus) are two of the most abundant pelagic seabirds in the southern Benguela region, off the west coast of South Africa. Stomach samples collected at 3-month intervals during 2 years revealed that White-chinned Petrels fed on trawler offal throughout the year, whereas Sooty Shearwater diets varied temporally between three species of pelagic schoolfish. Crustaceans were minor prey of both species, and squids were eaten only by Whitechinned Petrels. Trawlers influenced the distribution of White-chinned Petrels more than that of Sooty Shearwaters. Dietary differences between the two seabirds result from morphological adaptations related to different foraging methods employed by the birds.
Medicaid Utilization among Middle-age and Older Adults: A Health and Retirement Study Longitudinal Analysis (1998 to 2014)

ABSTRACT With over fifteen million older adults in the United States relying on the means-tested Medicaid program for healthcare coverage, there has been concern over rising Medicaid costs among this rapidly growing age group. Few studies have longitudinally examined trends among older beneficiaries over time to identify factors related to Medicaid utilization and to better understand how potential coverage changes might impact this group. This study used the 1998 to 2014 waves of the Health and Retirement Study (N = 8,162) to analyze a representative sample of those aged 50 and older to ascertain demographic, health, and economic factors associated with Medicaid utilization over a sixteen-year period. The analyses showed stable probabilities of accessing the program over time and observed that the most vulnerable older adults make up the pool of Medicaid beneficiaries. There is no evidence of significant asset divestment in order to qualify for benefits. Multivariate analyses further revealed those who were older, female, minority race/ethnicity, less educated, in poorer health, below the federal poverty line, and with lower net wealth had a higher risk of utilizing Medicaid during the observed time period than their counterparts. Findings highlight the importance of monitoring changes in the documented risk factors over time in terms of their impact on Medicaid utilization and underscore the need to consider how these factors may be interrelated.
Faecal immunochemical test after negative colonoscopy may reduce the risk of incident colorectal cancer in a population-based screening programme

Objective Subjects with a positive faecal immunochemical test (FIT) have a much higher likelihood of advanced neoplasms than the general population. Whether FIT-positive subjects with negative colonoscopy should receive subsequent FIT screening remain unclear. Design Subjects with a negative colonoscopy after positive FIT in the first screening in the Taiwanese Colorectal Cancer (CRC) Screening Program 2004–2009 were followed until the end of 2014. CRC incidence was compared between those who did and did not receive subsequent FIT screening. Cox regression analysis was conducted, adjusting for major confounders to investigate whether subsequent FIT was associated with lower risk of incident CRC. Results The study cohort was comprised of 9179 subjects who had negative diagnostic colonoscopy after positive FIT in 2004–2009, of whom 6195 received subsequent FIT during the study period. The CRC incidence (per 1000 person years) was 1.34 in those who received subsequent FIT and 2.69 in those who did not, with corresponding adjusted HR (aHR) of 0.47 (95% CI 0.31 to 0.71). Lower adenoma detection rate of diagnostic colonoscopy was associated with higher risk of incident CRC but became non-significant in multivariable analysis after adjustment for subsequent FIT. Higher baseline faecal haemoglobin concentration (FHbC, μg haemoglobin/g faeces) was associated with increased risk of incident CRC (reference: FHbC=20–39; aHR=1.93 (1.04–3.56), 0.95 (0.45–2.00), 2.26 (1.16–4.43) and 2.44 (1.44–4.12) for FHbC=40–59, 60–99, 100–149 and ≥150, respectively). Conclusion Subsequent FIT should be scheduled after negative colonoscopy to detect missed neoplasms and reduce the risk of incident CRC in a national FIT screening programme.
Preoperative Staphylococcus aureus screening and eradication.

AIMS Preoperative nasal Staphylococcus aureus screening and eradication reduces surgical site infections (SSIs) but its impact on reducing early prosthetic joint infection (PJI) remains controversial. This study aims to assess the effect of preoperative nasal S. aureus screening and eradication on the incidence of early PJI in general and S. aureus-induced early PJI. METHODS All primary total hip arthroplasties (THA) and total knee arthroplasties (TKA) performed from January 2006 to April 2018 were retrospectively reviewed for the incidence of early PJI. Demographic parameters, risk factors for PJI (American Society of Anaesthesiologists classification, body mass index, smoking status, and diabetes mellitus) and implant types were collected. A preoperative screening and eradication protocol for nasal colonization of S. aureus was introduced in October 2010. The incidence of early PJI was compared before and after the implementation of the protocol. Missing data were imputed via multiple imputation by chained equations. Inverse probability weighting was used to account for differences between patients in both groups. Weighted univariate logistic regression was used to evaluate the incidence of early PJI for both groups. RESULTS In total, 10,486 THAs and TKAs were performed in the research period. After exclusion, a cohort of 5,499 screened cases and 3,563 non-screened cases were available for analysis. Overall, no significant reduction in early PJI was found in the screened group (odds ratio (OR) 0.78, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.55 to 1.11; p = 0.173). However, the incidence of S. aureus-induced PJI was significantly reduced (OR 0.58, 95% CI 0.36 to 0.92; p = 0.027) in the screened group. CONCLUSION A preoperative nasal S. aureus screening and eradication protocol did not significantly reduce the overall incidence of early PJI after THA or TKA. However, a decreased incidence of S. aureus-induced early PJI was established. These findings can help to establish better consensus around the value of these screening protocols. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2020;102-B(10):1341-1348.
Retrospective Comparison of Contrast-Enhanced Spectral Mammography with Digital Mammography in Assessing Tumor Size in 668 Cases of Breast Cancer

Background Contrast-enhanced spectral mammography (CESM) is digital mammography with contrast agent. This promising new breast imaging method can be used for planning surgical treatment. This study compared CESM versus digital mammography (MG) in evaluating tumor size in breast cancer. Material/Methods Comparison of tumor dimensions in CESM, MG, and histopathology was made. The correlation of these data was assessed by histopathological type, biological subtype, grading of the carcinoma, and patient age. Results The average difference in tumor size between CESM and histopathological examination was 5 mm. The differences in size measurement between CESM and MG were significant (p=0.00). The Pearson’s linear correlation coefficients of CESM versus HP and MG versus HP were −0.01 (p=0.79) and −0.25 (p=0.00), respectively, indicating no differences between CESM and HP based on the lesion size. A weak negative correlation between those values was observed on MG. No relationship was found between the tumor size in CESM and the biological subtype, carcinoma malignancy degree, or patient age. Conclusions CESM is a new diagnostic method in breast cancer. The accuracy of measurement of tumor size using CESM is independent of lesion size, but it overestimates the size by 5 mm on average. The difference is not dependent on grading, biological subtype of the carcinoma, or patient age. They concern the histopathological type, and values are significantly greater in pre-invasive carcinomas.
Prognostic Factors in Childhood Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma: Long Term Results of the International ALCL99 Trial

Simple Summary The long-term follow-up and the results of the analysis of clinical, pathological and molecular prognostic factors for 420 children, adolescents and young adults affected by anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL), enrolled in the international ALCL99 trial, were reported. The 10-year follow-up highlighted a progression free survival of 70% and an overall survival of 90%; rare late relapses occurred and no secondary malignancies were registered. Among clinical and pathological characteristics, only morphology including the small cell/lymphohistiocytic (SC/LH) pattern was independently associated with the risk of disease progression or relapse. When available minimal disseminated disease (MDD) data (n = 162) were included, both SC/LH pattern and MDD positivity resulted significantly associated with a poorer outcome when assessed by multivariate analysis. Considering MDD and SC/LH results, three biological/pathological risk groups with significantly different prognoses were identified. These results should be considered in the design of future ALCL trials to tailor individual treatments. Abstract With the aim of describing the long-term follow-up and to define the prognostic role of the clinical/pathological/molecular characteristics at diagnosis for childhood, adolescent and young adults affected by anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL), we analyzed 420 patients aged up to 22 years homogeneously treated within the international ALCL99 trial. The 10-year progression free survival (PFS) was 70% and overall survival was 90%, rare late relapses occurred but no secondary malignancies were reported. Among clinical/pathological characteristics, only patients presenting a small cell/lymphohistiocytic (SC/LH) pattern were independently associated with risk of failure (hazard ratio = 2.49). Analysis of minimal disseminated disease (MDD), available for 162 patients, showed that both SC/LH pattern (hazard ratio = 2.4) and MDD positivity (hazard ratio = 2.15) were significantly associated with risk of failure in multivariate analysis. Considering MDD and SC/LH results, patients were separated into three biological/pathological (bp) risk groups: a high-risk group (bpHR) including MDD-positive patients with SC/LH pattern; a low-risk group (bpLR) including MDD-negative patients without SC/LH pattern; and an intermediate-risk group (bpIR) including remaining patients. The 10-year PFS was 40%, 75% and 86% for bpHR, bpIR and bpLR, respectively (p < 0.0001). These results should be considered in the design of future ALCL trials to tailor individual treatments.
Organic Soil Amendments for Control of Apothecial Production of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum

An indoor study was conducted to assess the potential of organic residues, with or without biocontrol agents, as soil amendments for control of carpogenic germination of sclerotia of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and production of apothecia. Of the 87 organic residues tested including crop straws, animal manures and processing by-products, 46 inhibited carpogenic germination of S. sclerotiorum when applied to soil at the rate of 3% (w/w), 21 were effective at 2%, 4 were effective at 1 %, and 3 were effective at 0.5%. Ammonia released from the decomposition of organic residues appeared to be the key factor in suppression of carpogenic germination. Organic soil amendments combined with biocontrol agents such as Coniothyrium minitans and Trichoderma virens, enhanced the control of apothecia of S. sclerofiorum by killing of sclerotia through mycoparasitism. The soil amendment with combination of organic materials and biocontrol agents represents an environmentally sustainable strategy for management of crop diseases caused by S. sclerotiorum.
A strain of porcine deltacoronavirus: genomic characterization, pathogenicity and its full-length cDNA infectious clone.

As a novel enteropathogenic coronavirus, porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV) warrants further investigation. In this study, a Chinese PDCoV strain, designated CHN-HN-1601, was isolated from the feces of a diarrheic piglet. After plaque purification, the genome was determined which shared 97.5%-99.5% nucleotide identities with 71 representative PDCoV strains available in the GenBank. The pathogenic properties of CHN-HN-1601 were evaluated using 5-day-old piglets. All inoculated piglets developed severe diarrhea from 2 days post-infection (dpi) onwards. To our surprise, two periods of diarrhea starting from 2 to 7 dpi and from 13 to 19 dpi were observed in affected piglets during the experiment. Fecal viral shedding of the inoculated piglets was detected by real-time RT-PCR, with viral shedding peaked at 4 and 16 dpi, respectively. At necropsy at 5 dpi, the main gross lesions included transparent, thin-walled and gas-distended intestines containing yellow watery contents. Further histopathological examinations, including hematoxylin and eosin staining, immunohistochemistry, RNAscope in situ hybridization revealed that the virus infection caused severe villous atrophy of the small intestines, with PDCoV antigen and RNA mainly distributed in the cytoplasm of the villous epithelial cells of jejunum and ileum in piglets. The dynamic production of PDCoV-specific IgG and neutralizing antibodies in serum of the affected piglets was also assessed using a whole virus-based ELISA and an immunofluorescence assay-based neutralization test, respectively. Furthermore, a full-length cDNA infectious clone of CHN-HN-1601 was constructed using a bacterial artificial chromosome system. The rescued virus exhibited in vitro growth and pathogenic properties similar to the parental virus. Taken together, our study not only enriches the information of PDCoV, but also provides a useful reverse genetics platform for further pathogenesis exploration of the virus.
Combining Ability for Characters Related to Yield and Earliness in Bottlegourd { Laganaria siceraria (Molina.) Standl.}

Combining ability analysis was undertaken using nine parental lines and their 36 F1 hybrids of bottle gourd obtained from half diallel for yield and its contributing characters. The mean squares due to GCA and SCA were significant for all the characters. The ratio 2g/2s suggested that non-additive gene action had greater role with inheritance of characters. Out of nine parents, UL-4 was the best general combiner as it showed high gca effect in desirable direction for most of the traits. Regarding sca effects, UL-2 x UL-4 showed highest sca effects for total fruit yield per plant and UL-2 x UL-10 for days to first harvest.
Influence of Prone Positioning on Electrocardiogram in a Patient With COVID-19.

A woman in her 50s with morbid obesity and obstructive sleep apnea presented with 3 days of fever with a temperature up to 39 °C, anosmia, and shortness of breath. Physical examination findings were significant for oxygen saturation of 85% on room air and coarse rales at the lung bases bilaterally. Chest radiography was suggestive of bilateral multifocal pneumonia. Results of a nasopharyngeal swab for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) were positive by reverse transcriptase–polymerase chain reaction. She was admitted to the intensive care unit for management. Upon admission, the patient began hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin combination therapy. On hospitalization day 2, the patient developed acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) requiring intubation and mechanical ventilation. Management strategies for refractory hypoxia were not successful until she was placed in a prone position. She was maintained in a prone position for 16 hours followed by supine positioning as tolerated for 4 hours a day. Given the treatment with hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin, serial electrocardiograms (ECGs) were performed to monitor QT interval during treatment. The ECG on hospitalization day 3 (Figure 1A) showed acute changes in comparison to her prior ECG (Figure 1B). Question: What is the cause of the Q waves and low amplitudes seen in the anterior precordial leads?
Effects of exceeding stroke frequency of maximal effort on hand kinematics and hand propulsive force in front crawl.

This study aimed to assess kinematic and kinetic changes in front crawl with various stroke frequency (SF) conditions to investigate why swimming velocity (SV) does not increase above a certain SF (SFmax ). Eight male swimmers performed 20 m front crawl four times. The first trial involved maximal effort, whereas SF was controlled during the next three trials. The instructed SFs were 100 (T100%), 110 (T110%), and 120% (T120%) of the SFmax . Through pressure measurement and underwater motion analysis, hand propulsive force (calculated by the difference between the palm and dorsal pressure value and the hand area) and the angle of attack of the hand were quantified, and differences between trials were assessed by a repeated-measures ANOVA. There was no difference in SV between the conditions, while the angle of attack during the latter half of the underwater stroke at T120% was smaller by 25.7% compared with T100% (p = 0.007). The lower angle of attack induced a lower pressure value on the palm that consequently caused a smaller hand propulsive force at T120% than T100% (p = 0.026). Therefore, the decrease in the angle of attack must be minimised to maintain the hand propulsive force.