Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Research on Restorative Justice Practices

This research brief is the first in a series of reports on the concept, application and effectiveness of restorative justice practices in criminal and juvenile justice. It describes the overall premise of restorative justice, defines the prominent restorative justice approaches being used in the justice system today, and summarizes findings from contemporary synthesis research on the effectiveness of restorative justice in reducing recidivism and promoting other positive outcomes for offenders and victims. Future reports in the series will take deeper dives into real-world applications of restorative justice as well as research findings on the effectiveness of specific restorative justice approaches.
The effectiveness of the robotic game kit on anxiety among hospitalized preschool children: A non-randomized controlled trial

Background & Aim: Hospitalization is a challenging experience all children go through in their lives, leading to their utmost anxiety. In this sense, interactive games and activities can help ease this psychological burden. Therefore, we endeavored to determine the effectiveness of a robotic game kit (RGK) on the anxiety of hospitalized preschoolers. Methods & Materials: This non-randomized controlled clinical trial was conducted in a pediatric hospital, Iran, between March and July 2019. 59 participants were assigned to intervention (n=30) or control (n=29) groups through available sampling. Inclusion criteria were Iranian native children aged 3-7 years with communication ability. The RGK was applied in eight sessions at least seven consecutive days of hospitalization. The collected data by using the demographic information form and the preschool anxiety scale (PAS) were analyzed in descriptive, chi-square, t-test, the one-way ANCOVA (analysis of covariance), and multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA). Results: Two groups were homogenous in terms of demographic variables (p>0.05). There was no statistically significant difference between the mean score of PAS before the intervention in the intervention 46.33±15.81 and control groups 37.24±19.65 (p=0.055). However, the mean score of PAS in the intervention group was significantly lower than the control group (P=0.030). Also, using the RGK was effective in two subscales related to separation anxiety and physical injury fears (P=0.034). Conclusion: The modern RGKs could have a significant place in pediatric health care in hospitals. It is thus an undeniable fact that high-quality, comprehensive care can be boosted through RGK based interventions for children encountering stressful situations.
Metformin in cardiovascular diabetology: a focused review of its impact on endothelial function

As a first-line treatment for diabetes, the insulin-sensitizing biguanide, metformin, regulates glucose levels and positively affects cardiovascular function in patients with diabetes and cardiovascular complications. Endothelial dysfunction (ED) represents the primary pathological change of multiple vascular diseases, because it causes decreased arterial plasticity, increased vascular resistance, reduced tissue perfusion and atherosclerosis. Caused by “biochemical injury”, ED is also an independent predictor of cardiovascular events. Accumulating evidence shows that metformin improves ED through liver kinase B1 (LKB1)/5'-adenosine monophosphat-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and AMPK-independent targets, including nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase-protein kinase B (PI3K-Akt), endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), sirtuin 1 (SIRT1), forkhead box O1 (FOXO1), krüppel-like factor 4 (KLF4) and krüppel-like factor 2 (KLF2). Evaluating the effects of metformin on endothelial cell functions would facilitate our understanding of the therapeutic potential of metformin in cardiovascular diabetology (including diabetes and its cardiovascular complications). This article reviews the physiological and pathological functions of endothelial cells and the intact endothelium, reviews the latest research of metformin in the treatment of diabetes and related cardiovascular complications, and focuses on the mechanism of action of metformin in regulating endothelial cell functions.
Surgical Management of Colorectal Endometriosis

FOREWORD Endometriosis is one of the most frequent benign gynecological pathologies occurring in 7-10% of women in reproductive age and causing chronic pain and infertility. This is a young and healthy population otherwise. The diagnostic suspicion of this entity must be high and its management multidisciplinary. Colorectal endometriosis represents a highly disabling condition and needs more aggressive treatment for its resolution. Faced with this we ask ourselves, what role does surgery have? What would be its advantages and disadvantages? Why should we choose it as a therapeutic method? The present monograph was inspired by all patients who raised this controversy, motivated interdisciplinary consultations, meetings, bibliography search, generated discussions, doubts and uncertainties, and made us leave the role of surgeons we are used to, and taught us to accompany when we could not heal. María Agustina Casas. Tutor: Maximiliano Bun Hospital Alemán de Buenos Aires
Effect of Different Strenght of Medium on Germination and Seedling Growth of Tomato and Sucrose Effect on Biomass of Tomato Callus

Keyword: Callus Hypocotyl Strenght of medium Sucrose Tomato Bioactive compounds of plant cell culture extracts are currently being looked at for its potential for the development of nutraceutical products. Tomato callus is known to have cytoprotective activity. The availability of explants and its callus production are two important things. This paper reports the effect of different strengths of the medium on seed germination and seedling growth of tomato cv. Permata and sucrose effects on their biomass callus. Seeds were grown on 4 kinds of germination media. Hypocotyl was taken as explants for callus induction in Murashige & Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 2.0 mg/L 6-Benzylaminopurine (BA) and 0.2 mg/L 1-Naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA), 3% sucrose, and subcultured after 20 days on medium with 6 variations of sucrose. The highest values for tomato hypocotyl’s height were obtained from the 1⁄2 and 1⁄4 MS, while the highest fresh weight was obtained from the MS 0. Both the fresh weight and dry weight of the callus increased along with increasing sucrose concentration. The explant age and biomass need to be a concern regarding what kind of callus that will be produced. Application of 5% sucrose concentration is recommended for callus production in this study. Article history: Received: 08/10/2019 Revised: 25/01/2020 Accepted: 17/04/2020
Field trials and tribulations: mortality, morbidity and liveweight following multivalent clostridial and Pasteurella vaccination of lambs on six English commercial sheep flocks.

Objective: This field trial aimed to assess the effect of a multivalent clostridial and Pasteurella vaccine (Heptavac P Plus, MSD Animal Health, 2015), administered to lambs at two different time points, on lamb mortality (primary outcome), morbidity and growth rates (secondary outcomes) as compared to unvaccinated lambs. Background: This veterinary practice-based study was motivated by a knowledge gap identified during flock health planning activities and engagement between veterinarians and commercial sheep producers in a regional knowledge exchange programme in South West England. Common queries to the veterinary practice from sheep producers during summer to autumn 2012 included the value and timing of vaccinations to prevent disease associated with pasteurellosis. Discussions between veterinarians and consultants working in preventive sheep flock health planning stimulated a scientific literature search, which highlighted the lack of published data on field vaccine testing of Pasteurella components under British sheep commercial farming systems, and a lack of strong evidence in order to inform practical questions regarding the optimal timing of vaccinations aimed at preventing lamb mortalities in the pre-, peri- and post-weaning periods. Evidentiary value: A field vaccine trial was conducted on six commercial sheep flocks in South West England. From April 2013, across the six farms a total of 900 twin-born lambs ( Ovis aries ) were systematically randomly allocated into 1. unvaccinated, 2. early- (6 to 8-week-old) or 3. late- (18 to 20-week-old) vaccination groups. The study provides evidence to support recommendations for sheep producers regarding risks for clostridial disease in fully unvaccinated sheep flocks, supports the benefits of preventive ewe vaccination, and indicates that pre-weaning vaccination of lambs may be beneficial for reducing peri- and post-weaning losses on some flocks. The study highlights the challenges of identifying the reasons for mortality in grazing lambs, and provides new evidence to support the need for early intervention and treatment of ocular lesions in young lambs, in order to reduce their Due to management constraints and later recruitment, farm 6 lambs were weaned just prior to visit 3. Late vaccination was conducted at visits 3 (when lambs were approximately 16 weeks old) and 4. Due to the early slaughtering of lambs on farm 1, only two late vaccine group lambs received the full vaccine course. The study ended on 7 November 2013 before trial lambs reached finishing objectives and exclusion weight criteria on farm 6.
A Review on Chatbot Design and Implementation Techniques

- In recent times, the design and implementation of chatbots have received great attention from developers and researchers. Chatbots are Artificial Intelligence (AI) based conversational systems which are able to process human language through various techniques including Natural Language Processing (NLP) and Neural Network (NN). The main goal of this review is to summarize some of the most efficient implementation techniques that have been carried out in previous years. This paper is not only analyzing critically the previous works on chatbots but also suggests a proposed methodology in order to develop a state-of-the-art chatbot application that can be personalized easily according to customer needs. The proposed chatbot can be implemented using a couple of tools such as DialogFlow, TensorFlow, Android Studio and Firebase. The proposed Chatbot will be implemented using a couple of tools such as DialogFlow, TensorFlow, Android Studio, and followed by Machine Learning (ML) and Deep Learning (DL) techniques including Neural Machine Translation (NMT) and Deep Reinforcement Learning (RL) models.
A Novel Anomaly Detection for Streaming Data using LSTM Autoencoders

The high-volume and velocity data stream generated from devices and applications from different domains grows steadily and is valuable for big data research. One of the most important topics is anomaly detection for streaming data, which has attracted attention and investigation in plenty of areas, e.g., the sensor data anomaly detection, predictive maintenance, event detection. Those efforts could potentially avoid large amount of financial costs in the manufacture. However, different from traditional anomaly detection tasks, anomaly detection in streaming data is especially difficult due to that data arrives along with the time with latent distribution changes, so that a single stationary model doesn’t fit streaming data all the time. An anomaly could become normal during the data evolution, therefore it is necessary to maintain a dynamic system to adapt the changes. In this work, we propose a LSTMs-Autoencoder anomaly detection model for streaming data. This is a mini-batch based streaming processing approach. We experimented with streaming data that containing different kinds of anomalies as well as concept drifts, the results suggest that our model can sufficiently detect anomaly from data stream and update model timely to fit the latest data property. Index Terms: About four key words or phrases in alphabetical order, separated by commas.
ABO Blood Groups And Their Link With The Risk of Pre-Eclampsia

Received: May 4, 2018 Accepted: June 14, 2018 Abstract: Background: ABO blood group antigens have been identified as pathological agent in different disease conditions. For some time, the association of blood group with pregnancy associated conditions like pre-eclampsia is extensively under debate. Preeclampsia is a distressing condition of pregnancy which commonly causes maternal and fetal mortality around the globe. Multiple risk factors are found to be associated with preeclamptic occurrence. In this study our aim was to delineate a specific blood group which could be implicated as a risk factor for pre-eclampsia. Methods: This retrospective study was conducted in a tertiary care hospital of Karachi and retrieved obstetric data including blood group was from medical record files of 368 patients. Obtained data was analyzed by IBM SPSS version 21. Results: The prevalence of B group was recorded to be 41.3% as compared to O (26.1%), A (22.8%) and AB (9.8%). So, it can be concluded that women having blood group B are more prone to develop pre-eclampsia. Conclusion: Blood grouping of pregnant women in early weeks of pregnancy could assist in prediction or better management of pre-eclampsia.
Weakly supervised pneumonia localization in chest x-rays using generative adversarial networks.

PURPOSE Automatic localization of pneumonia on chest X-rays (CXRs) is highly desirable both as an interpretive aid to the radiologist and for timely diagnosis of the disease. However, pneumonia's amorphous appearance on CXRs and complexity of normal anatomy in the chest present key challenges that hinder accurate localization. Existing studies in this area are either not optimized to preserve spatial information of abnormality or depend on expensive expert annotated bounding boxes. We present a novel generative adversarial network (GAN) based machine learning approach for this problem, that is weakly supervised (does not require any location annotations), was trained to retain spatial information, and can produce pixel-wise abnormality maps highlighting regions of abnormality (as opposed to bounding boxes around abnormality). METHODS Our method is based on the Wasserstein GAN framework and to the best of our knowledge, the first application of GANs to this problem. Specifically, from an abnormal CXR as input, we generated the corresponding pseudo normal CXR image as output. The pseudo normal CXR is the "hypothetical" normal, if the same abnormal CXR were not to have any abnormalities. We surmise that the difference between the pseudo normal and the abnormal CXR highlights the pixels suspected to have pneumonia and hence is our output abnormality map. We trained our algorithm on an "unpaired" dataset of abnormal and normal CXRs and did not require any location annotations such as bounding boxes/segmentations of abnormal regions. Furthermore, we incorporated additional prior knowledge/constraints into the model and showed that they help improve localization performance. We validated the model on a data set consisting of 14,184 CXRs from the RSNA pneumonia detection challenge. RESULTS We evaluated our methods by comparing the generated abnormality maps with radiologist annotated bounding boxes using ROC analysis, image similarity metrics such as normalized cross correlation/mutual information, and abnormality detection rate. We also present visual examples of the abnormality maps, covering various scenarios of abnormality occurrence. Results demonstrate the ability to highlight regions of abnormality with the best method achieving an AUC of 0.77 and a detection rate of 85%. The GAN tended to perform better as prior knowledge/constraints were incorporated into the model. CONCLUSIONS We presented a novel GAN based approach for localizing pneumonia on chest X-rays that 1) does not require expensive hand annotated location ground truth; 2) was trained to produce abnormality maps at the pixel level as opposed to bounding boxes. We demonstrated the efficacy of our methods via quantitative and qualitative results.
Aflatoxigenic potential of Aspergillus section Flavi isolated from maize seeds, in Burkina Faso

The frequency of occurrence and four principal kinds of aflatoxin concentration in maize seeds grown in Burkina Faso was investigated. Ten (10) samples collected, were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with post-column derivatisation after immunoaffinity column cleanup. Eight strains of Aspergillus section Flavi were previously isolated from these samples and cultivated on “Aspergillus flavus and parasiticus agar (AFPA)” to ascertain if they belong to A. flavus or A. parasiticus species. The qualitative ability of aflatoxin production was also previously performed by fluorescence emission under ultra violet light at 365 nm after four (4) days of incubation at 30 °C on Coconut Agar Medium (CAM). Results showed that 70% of samples were contaminated by aflatoxins. The levels ranged from 0.93 to 58.94 µg/kg. Samples M1 and M10 had high concentrations, 58.94 µg/kg and 70.73 µg/kg; whereas M4 and M5 had low concentrations from 1.68 to 0.93 µg/kg, respectively. In these samples, four were contaminated with aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) and aflatoxin G1 (AFG1), two with AFB1 and aflatoxin B2 (AFB2) and one (01) with AFB1 only. We notice that AFB1 was the most prevalent member of aflatoxins, and AFG2 was absent in all samples. Key words: Maize, Aspergillus, aflatoxins, HPLC, Burkina Faso.
Synthesis and Properties of Synthetic

The goal of this study was the synthesis and study of the properties of synthetic aikinite, PbCuBiS3. The synthesis was carried out in evacuated quartz ampoules for 7–8 h; the maximum temperature was 1250–1325 K. Next, the samples were cooled and kept at 600 K for a week. Then the ampoules were opened, the samples were carefully ground, and after melting, annealed at 600–800 K, depending on the composition, for at least two weeks to bring the samples into equilibrium. The annealed samples were studied by differential thermal (DTA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), microstructural (MSA) analyses, as well as microhardness measurements and density determination. XRD was performed using D 2 PHASER with CuKa radiation and a Ni fi lter. CuBiS2–PbS, Cu2S–PbCuBiS3, Bi2S3–PbCuBiS3, PbBi2S4–PbCuBiS3, PbBi4S7–PbCuBiS3 sections of quasi-triple system Cu2S– Bi2S3–PbS were studied using the complex of physical and chemical analysis methods and their phase diagrams were plotted. It was found that in addition to the PbBi2S4–PbCuBiS3 section, all sections are quasi-binary and they were characterized by the presence of limited solubility regions based on the initial components. The study of the CuBiS2-PbS section revealed the formation of a quaternary compound PbCuBiS3 occurring in nature as the mineral aikinite, congruently melting at 980 K. We established that PbCuBiS3 crystallizes in a rhombic syngony with lattice parameters a = 1.1632, b = 1.166, c = 0.401 nm, Pnma space group, Z = 4. Using DTA and XRD methods we established that PbCuBiS3 compound is a phase of variable composition with a homogeneity range from 45 to 52 mol%/PbS. The PbCuBiS3 compound is a p-type semiconductor with a band gap energy of ∆E = 0.84 eV.
OTT_A_256072 6213..6227

Yang-Jie Hu Jiang-Tao Zhong Liang Gong Si-Cong Zhang Shui-Hong Zhou 2 1Department of Otolaryngology, The Affiliated Cixi Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Cixi 315300, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Otolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, People’s Republic of China Abstract: Beclin 1, a positive regulator of autophagy, behaves as a double-edged sword in tumorigenesis. Beclin 1 contributes to tumor suppression by removing defective or damaged organelles and other cellular components; however, its activity can also stimulate cancer initiation and progression. In head and neck cancer, Beclin 1 overexpression promotes autophagy, which limits DNA damage and chromosomal instability and increases necrosis and inflammation by impacting apoptotic and autophagic pathways. This paper reviews the relationship between Beclin 1, carcinogenesis and head and neck cancer prognosis.
EVALUATION OF IPAD PRO 2020 LIDAR FOR ESTIMATING TREE DIAMETERS IN URBAN FOREST

Abstract. Remote Sensing (RS) techniques are increasingly used in urban tree inventory measurements for their improved accuracy and promptness over the conventional methods. The focus of this study is to evaluate the application of iPad Pro 2020 and its LiDAR sensor for urban trees reconstruction and Diameter at Breast Height (DBH) measurements. Altogether, 101 trees were scanned. We have used individual- and multiple-tree scan modes with different settings (Resolution: 10 mm, 15 mm, 20 mm; Confidence: High, Low). With these methods and settings, we have established 12 combinations. The 3DScannerAPP was used to scan and generate point clouds and to estimate DBH circle-fitting algorithm was used within the DendroCloud software. Among 12 methods, the only method with 10 mm resolution, high confidence, and multiple-tree mode has not achieved a 100% detection rate (97%). For multiple-tree mode, the highest estimation accuracy was 7.52% of relative RMSE, and for single-tree mode, it was 7.27%. Low confidence setting had significantly higher accuracy of DBH estimation than high confidence. Furthermore, single-tree mode had a significantly higher accuracy of DBH estimation than multiple-tree mode. The most efficient combination for DBH estimation of urban trees using 3DScannerAPP within iPad Pro 2020, when time and accuracy is considered, was multiple-tree mode with 15 mm resolution and low confidence.
Prognostic role of neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR) in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer treated with PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors: a meta-analysis

Background: Emerging evidence shows that NLR is associated with the prognosis of multiple tumors including NSCLC. PD-1 and PD-L1 inhibitors have been widely used in the therapy of advanced NSCLC in recent years. However, the relationship between NLR and the prognosis of patients receiving immunotherapy has not been confirmed. We summarized the relevant literature to confirm whether NLR can predict the prognosis of such patients. Methods: Pubmed, EMBASE, WEB of SCI and Cochrane were searched to obtain as many appropriate literature as possible. After HR and 95% CI were extracted from the included literature, STATA was used to conduct effect size consolidation and other relevant tests to explore the effect of NLR on prognosis. Results: Twenty-seven cohort studies including 2286 patients were incorporated in our meta-analysis. This study revealed that the level of NLR was negatively correlated with OS and PFS in NSCLC patients. Subgroup analysis results show that a high level of NLR in a study with multivariate analysis, prospective study design, NOS score ≥7 is significantly correlated with a shorter OS. In addition, in the subgroup of squamous cell carcinoma patients with the proportion ≤0.4 and follow-up time ≤1 year, high NLR was significantly correlated with shorter PFS. Conclusion: Our results indicate that NLR is a simple and easily available prognostic indicator with broad application prospects in the immunotherapy of NSCLC, especially for the short-term progression-free survival of NSCLC patients with non-squamous carcinoma.