Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Current Status and Factors Affecting Knowledge Sharing Practices among Health Professionals in Hiwot Fana Specialized University Hospital in Ethiopia

Knowledge sharing is about sharing relevant task (skills, experiences) among team members or with other people and making the shared knowledge reusable. Hence, the objective of this study was to assess the current status and factors affecting knowledge sharing practices among health professionals in Hiwot Fana Specialize University Hospital in Ethiopia. A Cross-sectional research method with questionnaire was employed for the study. The sample size was 152 categories of health professionals that were: 46 nurses, 18 doctors, 15 radiologists, 26 laboratory technologists, 22 health officers and 26 pharmacists; selected from a population of 268 professionals in the hospital. The sampling technique was stratified simple random sampling. The results showed that the current status of Knowledge Sharing practices by all categories of health professionals was 'high' in areas such as: formal training programs and workshops to share knowledge (3.43); individuals' pleasure to share their know-how, information, working experience and knowledge to colleagues voluntarily (3.81); individuals' pleasure to share freely information and knowledge that improves the hospital performance (4.00) and colleagues awareness of the importance of knowledge sharing in the hospital (3.90). Knowledge sharing was 'very low' based on the non-availability of motivational scheme in the hospital to motivate knowledge sharing (1.74) but 'low' on staffs feeling of motivation to share knowledge in the hospital (2.44). However, there were factors that affected knowledge sharing practices, which included: lack of willingness by colleagues to share their information with other colleagues at all times; lack of awareness on the importance of knowledge sharing in the day- to- day work and lack of intrinsic motivation that staff would gain new ideas, technologies skills or techniques by sharing knowledge. The study concludes that there were variations in the opinions of the categories of health professionals on the current status and factors affecting knowledge sharing practices in the hospital.
INDIVIDUAL AND SOCIAL CORRELATES OF SELF-HARM AMONG SLOVAK EARLY ADOLESCENTS

Background: Adolescence is the period of life in which intentions of self-harming thoughts and behaviour are initiated and may escalate. Self-esteem, self-control, satisfaction with life, social support and substance use seem to be important factors related to such behaviour. Aim: The study explored the relationship between self-harming thoughts/behaviour and self-esteem, self-control, satisfaction with life, alcohol consumption and social support. Sample and methods: A representative sample of 572 (50.1% male) elementary school pupils (age: M=12.49 years, SD=.59) was collected within a school-based universal prevention project. Binary logistic regression was used to analyse the data. Findings: Self-harming thoughts of adolescents were found to be negatively associated with self-control (p=.048), self-esteem (p<.001) and positively associated with alcohol consumption (p=.003). Self-harming behaviour was found to be negatively associated with self-esteem (p= .002), supportive relationships at home (p=.029) and satisfaction with life (p=.033). A positive relationship between alcohol consumption and self-harming actions of adolescents (p=.014) was found. Our data did not support the existence of gender differences in these behaviours. Conclusions: The study has contributed to our understanding of the factors associated with self-harming behaviour among adolescents. This is a finding that can be used for targeting prevention programmes.
School Administrators' Communication Skills as a Predictor of Organizational Silence.

The aim of this study was to determine not only the level of teachers’ perceptions of organizational silence and school administrators’ communication skills, but also the correlation between communication skills and organizational silence. The study aimed to determine to what extent school administrators’ communication skills and teachers’ gender predicted teachers’ organizational silence as well. The target population consisted of 206 teachers at primary schools in the district of Yakutiye of the city of Erzurum in the academic year of 2018–2019. Data were collected using a personal information form developed by the researcher, the Communication Skills Scale (CCS) developed by Wiemann (1977) and adapted to Turkish by Topluer (2008) and the Organizational Silence Scale (OSS) developed by Kahveci and Demirtaş (2013a). Data were analyzed using mean, standard deviation and Pearson correlation coefficient. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to determine how well independent variables predicted dependent variables. Participants’ CCS social relaxation and support subscale scores were highest and lowest, respectively. Participants’ OSS school environment and administrator subscale scores were highest and lowest, respectively. There was a significant correlation between school administrators’ communication skills and teachers’ organizational silence. Regression analysis showed that the subscales of the CCS significantly predicted those of the OSS.
Relationship between energy per impulse and dynamic capacity of a rockbolt

The capacity of a rockbolt subjected to an impulse of energy varies as a function of the magnitude of the impulse of energy applied. This paper explores the relationship between the magnitude of the impulse of energy applied to a rockbolt and the resulting dynamic capacity. The result of this research shows that for a given velocity at impact, there is a linear relationship between the magnitude of the individual impulses of energy applied to a rockbolt and the resulting dynamic capacity of the rockbolt. The dynamic capacity of a rockbolt is not a constant value. During this research, the relationship between the magnitude of the impulse and the resulting displacement of the rockbolt is also examined.
Hardness of Learning Neural Networks with Natural Weights

Neural networks are nowadays highly successful despite strong hardness results. The existing hardness results focus on the network architecture, and assume that the network's weights are arbitrary. A natural approach to settle the discrepancy is to assume that the network's weights are "well-behaved" and posses some generic properties that may allow efficient learning. This approach is supported by the intuition that the weights in real-world networks are not arbitrary, but exhibit some "random-like" properties with respect to some "natural" distributions. We prove negative results in this regard, and show that for depth-$2$ networks, and many "natural" weights distributions such as the normal and the uniform distribution, most networks are hard to learn. Namely, there is no efficient learning algorithm that is provably successful for most weights, and every input distribution. It implies that there is no generic property that holds with high probability in such random networks and allows efficient learning.
A NICER look at the state transitions of the black hole candidate MAXI J1535−571 during its reflares

The black hole candidate and X-ray binary MAXI J1535-571 was discovered in 2017 September. During the decay of its discovery outburst, and before returning to quiescence, the source underwent at least four reflaring events, with peak luminosities of similar to 10(35-36) erg s(-1) (d/4.1 kpc)(2). To investigate the nature of these flares, we analysed a sample of NICER (Neutron star Interior Composition Explorer) observations taken with almost daily cadence. In this work, we present the detailed spectral and timing analysis of the evolution of the four reflares. The higher sensitivity of NICER at lower energies, in comparison with other X-ray detectors, allowed us to constrain the disc component of the spectrum at similar to 0.5 keV. We found that during each reflare the source appears to trace out a q-shaped track in the hardness-intensity diagram similar to those observed in black hole binaries during full outbursts. MAXI J1535 -571 transits between the hard state (valleys) and softer states (peaks) during these flares. Moreover, the Comptonized component is undetected at the peak of the first reflare, while the disc component is undetected during the valleys. Assuming the most likely distance of 4.1 kpc, we find that the hard-to-soft transitions take place at the lowest luminosities ever observed in a black hole transient, while the soft-to-hard transitions occur at some of the lowest luminosities ever reported for such systems.
Magnetism Science with the Square Kilometre Array

The Square Kilometre Array (SKA) will answer fundamental questions about the origin, evolution, properties, and influence of magnetic fields throughout the Universe. Magnetic fields can illuminate and influence phenomena as diverse as star formation, galactic dynamics, fast radio bursts, active galactic nuclei, large-scale structure, and dark matter annihilation. Preparations for the SKA are swiftly continuing worldwide, and the community is making tremendous observational progress in the field of cosmic magnetism using data from a powerful international suite of SKA pathfinder and precursor telescopes. In this contribution, we revisit community plans for magnetism research using the SKA, in light of these recent rapid developments. We focus in particular on the impact that new radio telescope instrumentation is generating, thus advancing our understanding of key SKA magnetism science areas, as well as the new techniques that are required for processing and interpreting the data. We discuss these recent developments in the context of the ultimate scientific goals for the SKA era.
Jahn-Teller Effect and Spin-Orbit Coupling: Friends or Foes?

The Jahn-Teller effect is one of the most fundamental phenomena important not only for physics, but also for chemistry and material science. Solving the Jahn-Teller problem and taking into account strong electron correlations we show that quantum entanglement of the spin and orbital degrees of freedom via spin--orbit coupling strongly affects this effect. Depending on the number of $d$ electrons it may quench (electronic configurations $t_{2g}^2$, $t_{2g}^4$, and $t_{2g}^5$), partially suppress ($t_{2g}^1$) or in contrast induce ($t_{2g}^3$) Jahn-Teller distortions. Moreover, in certain situations, interplay between the Jahn-Teller effect and spin--orbit coupling promotes formation of the "Mexican hat" energy surface facilitating various quantum phenomena.
Optimizing Artificial Aeration for Lake Winterkill Prevention

ABSTRACT Optimizing winter lake aeration equipment has never been quantified in situ with regard to air or water flow, polynya size (the open water area created by the aerators), or energy required to maintain adequate dissolved oxygen (DO) concentrations. We conducted experiments using different combinations of compressors, air diffusers and mechanical surface aerators in winterkill lakes in northwest Alberta in order to determine a simplified approach to aeration equipment sizing. A hyperbolic relationship existed between energy use and polynya size. The largest polynya sizes were created using 0.15 kW ha−1 with both submersed air injection and surface aerators. However, adequate DO concentrations were maintained with surface aeration using one-third to one-half of the energy used for air injection. Optimal sizing occurred with 0.15–0.23 kW ha−1 for air injection and 0.06–0.1 kW ha−1 for surface aeration.
Armillaria in an ancient broadleaved woodland

In an ancient broadleaved woodland in eastern England that had been coppiced regularly for over 700 years Armillaria mellea and A. gallica were common, A. tabescens was moderately frequent, whilst A ostoyae and A cepistipes were local. Fruit bodies were often abundant in areas coppiced the previous winter. The largest focus of A gallica occupied 9 ha and was probably over 500 years old. Large trees were rarely killed but A mellea caused some root decay in birches. The number of coppice shoots killed by Armillaria was small but became greater as the period since coppicing increased; A gallica was most often involved. Alder coppice was the most, and hazel coppice the least, affected. The productivity of coppiced woodland in general seemed little reduced by Armilaria.
Knock, Knock. Who's There? On the Security of LG's Knock Codes

Knock Codes are a knowledge-based unlock authentication scheme used on LG smartphones where a user enters a code by tapping or "knocking" a sequence on a 2x2 grid. While a lesser used authentication method, as compared to PINs or Android patterns, there is likely a large number of Knock Code users; we estimate, 700,000--2,500,000 in the US alone. In this paper, we studied Knock Codes security asking participants to select codes on mobile devices in three settings: a control treatment, a blocklist treatment, and a treatment with a larger, 2x3 grid. We find that Knock Codes are significantly weaker than other deployed authentication, e.g., PINs or Android patterns. In a simulated attacker setting, 2x3 grids offered no additional security, but blocklisting was more beneficial, making Knock Codes' security similar to Android patterns. Participants expressed positive perceptions of Knock Codes, but usability was challenged. SUS values were "marginal" or "ok" across treatments. Based on these findings, we recommend deploying blacklists for selecting a Knock Code because it improves security but has limited impact on usability perceptions.
Unsupervised Translation of Programming Languages

A transcompiler, also known as source-to-source translator, is a system that converts source code from a high-level programming language (such as C++ or Python) to another. Transcompilers are primarily used for interoperability, and to port codebases written in an obsolete or deprecated language (e.g. COBOL, Python 2) to a modern one. They typically rely on handcrafted rewrite rules, applied to the source code abstract syntax tree. Unfortunately, the resulting translations often lack readability, fail to respect the target language conventions, and require manual modifications in order to work properly. The overall translation process is timeconsuming and requires expertise in both the source and target languages, making code-translation projects expensive. Although neural models significantly outperform their rule-based counterparts in the context of natural language translation, their applications to transcompilation have been limited due to the scarcity of parallel data in this domain. In this paper, we propose to leverage recent approaches in unsupervised machine translation to train a fully unsupervised neural transcompiler. We train our model on source code from open source GitHub projects, and show that it can translate functions between C++, Java, and Python with high accuracy. Our method relies exclusively on monolingual source code, requires no expertise in the source or target languages, and can easily be generalized to other programming languages. We also build and release a test set composed of 852 parallel functions, along with unit tests to check the correctness of translations. We show that our model outperforms rule-based commercial baselines by a significant margin.
Polyphenols, Phytate, Cyanogenic Glycosides, and Trypsin Inhibitor Activity of Several Philippine Indigenous Food Legumes

The levels of antinutritional and toxic factors were determined in several Philippine indigenous legumes, namely, hyacinth bean (Dolichos lablab L.) lima bean (Phaseolus lunatus L.), sabawel or velvet bean (Mucuna curanii), sam-samping (Clitoria ternatea), rice bean (Vigna umbellata), jackbean (Canavalia ensiformis), and swordbean (Canavalia gladiata). Low levels of condensed tannins (0–2.48 mg catechin /g) and protein-precipitable polyphenols (0.16–0.77 mg tannic acid/gram) were observed in raw mature seeds of the six legumes analyzed in this preliminary study. Seeds of hyacinth bean, jackbean, and lima bean had relatively high levels of phytate phosphorus ranging from 6.6 to 11.6 mg of phytate P/g of sample. Lower values ( <5) were obtained for sabawel and swordbean as well as some varieties of mungbean used as controls. The indigenous legumes analyzed had low levels of less than 50 μg/g of cyanide in the seeds, immature and mature leaves, and immature pods using two methods of analysis. Among the legumes investigated, hyacinth bean had the highest trypsin inhibitor activity ranging from 14 to 27 units/mg sample for four accessions. Accession 6-1 of sabawel had 20 units/mg. Sword bean and jack bean had low levels of 1 to 5 units/mg except for one jack bean accession (A-1) which had 9 units/mg. Rice bean also had low levels of trypsin inhibitor activity, 5–7 units/mg.
Interactive comment on “Twenty-first century ocean warming, acidification, deoxygenation, and upper ocean nutrient decline from CMIP6 model

The manuscript by Kwiatkowski and Coauthors discusses results from the latest Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6), focusing on the biogeochemical component of ocean change in response to a variety of future radiative forcing (RF) scenarios. The CMIP6 models are further compared with the previous generation of simulations and scenarios, CMIP5. The analysis indicates similar ocean biogeochemical responses to anthropogenic RF as for CMIP5: warming, acidification, deoxygenation and reduction of surface nutrients (i.e., ecosystem “stressors”), with varying magnitudes depending on the scenario, and various spatial patterns underlying interactions between changes in ocean circulation, chemistry, and ecosystem.
SEASONAL PATTERNS OF REPRODUCTION IN NEW YORK. POPULATIONS OF CODIUM FRAGILE (SUR.) HARIOT SUBSP. TOMENTOSOIDES (VAN GOOR) SILVA 1, 2

The characteristics of reproduction in 2 New York populations of Codium fragile were investigated over nearly a 2‐yr period. Reproduction occurred by the exclusive formation of reproductive cells that germinated and developed, asexually. There was no evidence at any time that the reproductive cells fused and thus functioned as gametes.
Principled Learning Method for Wasserstein distributionally robust optimization with local perturbations

Wasserstein distributionally robust optimization (WDRO) attempts to learn a model that minimizes the local worst-case risk in the vicinity of the empirical data distribution defined by Wasserstein ball. While WDRO has received attention as a promising tool for inference since its introduction, its theoretical understanding has not been fully matured. Gao et al. (2017) proposed a minimizer based on a tractable approximation of the local worst-case risk, but without showing risk consistency. In this paper, we propose a minimizer based on a novel approximation theorem and provide the corresponding risk consistency results. Furthermore, we develop WDRO inference for locally perturbed data that include the Mixup (Zhang et al., 2017) as a special case. We show that our approximation and risk consistency results naturally extend to the cases when data are locally perturbed. Numerical experiments demonstrate robustness of the proposed method using image classification datasets. Our results show that the proposed method achieves significantly higher accuracy than baseline models on noisy datasets.
A hydrothermal simulation approach to modelling spatial patterns of adaptive genetic variation in four stream insects

A central question in landscape genetics is how local adaptation among heterogeneous environments leads to genetic variation in natural populations. This article has two aims: (1) to examine associations between non‐neutral genetic diversity of stream insect populations and environmental heterogeneity simulated by a hydrothermal model; and (2) to establish a novel framework for simulating the spatial distribution of adaptive genetic variation at catchment scale.
TDMH: a communication stack for real-time wireless mesh networks

We present the TDMH (Time Deterministc Multi-Hop) protocol, a complete stack for real-time wireless mesh networks. TDMH offers to applications a connection-oriented, bounded-latency communication model. Point-to-point data streams can be created and destroyed at any time. Path redundancy can be optionally introduced to improve reliability. TDMH exploits state-of-the-art low power clock synchronisation and constructive interference flooding to build a continuously updated graph of the network topology, onto which a centralized scheduler maps data streams using TDMA channel access. We realised TDMH as a unitary codebase, that we ran on both the OMNeT++ simulator and WandStem wireless nodes. As a result we can state that when built atop the IEEE 802.15. 4 physical layer, TDMH can scale up to 100 nodes, 10 hops and beyond, despite the limited available bandwidth.
Towards Better Driver Safety: Empowering Personal Navigation Technologies with Road Safety Awareness

Recent research has found that navigation systems usually assume that all roads are equally safe, directing drivers to dangerous routes, which led to catastrophic consequences. To address this problem, this paper aims to begin the process of adding road safety awareness to navigation systems. To do so, we first created a definition for road safety that navigation systems can easily understand by adapting well-established safety standards from transportation studies. Based on this road safety definition, we then developed a machine learning-based road safety classifier that predicts the safety level for road segments using a diverse feature set constructed only from publicly available geographic data. Evaluations in four different countries show that our road safety classifier achieves satisfactory performance. Finally, we discuss the factors to consider when extending our road safety classifier to other regions and potential new safety designs enabled by our road safety predictions.
Standards for assessment of age and growth data for channel catfish

ABSTRACT Standards for the assessment of age and growth data for channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) were developed using published data. A representative set of 102 studies of individual populations from across the geographic range of channel catfish was selected. Percentile values (5, 10, 25, 50, 75, 90, and 95th) were computed from the distribution of estimated mean total lengths for fish three to ten years old. This approach for development of standards to assess data from age and growth studies of fish is proposed for consideration in development of standards for other species in addition to channel catfish.
A note on online change point detection

Abstract We investigate sequential change point estimation and detection in univariate nonparametric settings, where a stream of independent observations from sub-Gaussian distributions with a common variance factor and piecewise-constant but otherwise unknown means are collected. We develop a simple CUSUM-based methodology that provably control the probability of false alarms or the average run length while minimizing, in a minimax sense, the detection delay. We allow for all the model parameters to vary in order to capture a broad range of levels of statistical hardness for the problem at hand. We further show how our methodology is applicable to the case in which multiple change points are to be estimated sequentially.