Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Flexural Strength Analysis of Different Complete Denture Resin-Based Materials Obtained by Conventional and Digital Manufacturing

PMMA (Polymethylmethacrylate) is the material of choice to fabricate denture bases. Recently, with the introduction of CAD-CAM and 3D printers in dentistry, new materials have been proposed for complete denture manufacturing. Aim: This study compared the flexural strength of different resins fabricated using different technologies (conventional, CAD-CAM-milled, and 3D-printed) and polymerization techniques. Methods: A total of 11 different resins were tested: six PMMA conventional (Acrypol R, Acrypol LL, Acrypol HI, Acrypol Fast, Acryself and Acryslef P), two milled obtained from UDMA PMMA disks (Ivotion disk and Aadva disk, control groups), two 3D-printed PMMA resins (NextDent Denture 3D+, and SprintRayEU Denture Base), and one 3D-printed composite resin (GC Temp Print). Flexural strength was measured using a universal testing machine. One-way ANOVA and Bonferroni post hoc tests were performed; the p-value was set at 0.05 to consider statistically significant differences among the groups. Spearman test was used to evaluate the correlation between polymerization technique and the flexural strength of 3D-printed resins. Results: CAD-CAM-milled specimens showed the highest flexural strength (107.87 MPa for UDMA) followed by 3D-printed composite resins (102.96 MPa). Furthermore, 3D-printed resins polymerized for 40 min with the BB cure unit showed no statistically significant differences with conventional resin groups. Moreover, in all the 3D-printed specimens, a high correlation between polymerization technique and flexural strength was found. Conclusions: In terms of flexural strength, the polymerization technique is a determinant for both acrylic and composite resins. Temp Print can be a potential alternative to fabricating removable dentures and showed promising results when used in combination with pink color resin powder.
THE ORIGIN OF AFRO‐ARABIAN ‘DIDELPHIMORPH’ MARSUPIALS

Abstract: New specimens of Peratherium africanum from Early Oligocene deposits of the Fayum, Egypt, provide key information on the relationships of the species. These include the first maxilla to be found and two additional dentaries. The maxilla can be demonstrated to belong to the same species as the holotype dentary by study of the occlusal relationships of upper and lower molars. It can be shown by several synapomorphies that P. africanum is the sister species to European Bartonian–Rupelian Peratherium lavergnense. P. africanum therefore belongs to the ‘didelphimorph’ family Herpetotheriidae, not to the peradectimorph family Peradectidae. The genus Qatranitherium, previously erected for this species alone, is here synonymized with Peratherium. Comparison with ‘didelphimorphian’ taxa from early Paleogene deposits of South America suggests more remote relationships, indicating an origin for P. africanum by dispersal from Europe as originally envisaged. The more precise relationships deduced here help to constrain the time interval for dispersal to Afro‐Arabia, probably during the earliest Oligocene sea‐level low.
Twenty years of cold surface layer thinning at Storglaciären, sub-Arctic Sweden, 1989-2009

Abstract This paper presents the changes in the thermal structure of the polythermal glacier Storglaciären, northern Sweden, over the 20 year period 1989-2009 derived by comparing maps of the depth of the englacial transition between cold ice (permanently frozen) and temperate ice (which contains water inclusions). The maps are based on interpreted ice-penetrating radar surveys from 1989, 2001 and 2009. Complex thinning of the cold layer, first identified between 1989 and 2001, is still ongoing. A volume calculation shows that Storglaciären has lost one-third of its cold surface layer volume in 20 years, with a mean thinning rate of 0.80 ± 0.24 m a-1. We suggest that the thinning of the cold layer at Storglaciären is connected to the climatic warming experienced by sub-Arctic Scandinavia since the 1980s and we argue that repeated ice-penetrating radar surveys over the ablation area of polythermal glaciers offer a useful proxy for evaluating glacier responses to changes in climate.
Using EEG Effective Connectivity Based on Granger Causality and Directed Transfer Function for Emotion Recognition

—Emotion is a complex phenomenon that originates from everyday issues and has significant effects on individual decisions. Electroencephalography (EEG) is one of the widely used tools in examining the neural correlates of emotions. In this research, two concepts of Granger causality and directional transfer function were utilized to analyze EEG data recorded from 36 healthy volunteers in positive, negative and neutral emotional states and determine the effective connectivity between different brain sources (obtained through independent component analysis). Shannon entropy was utilized to sort the brain sources obtained by the ICA method, and average topography helps to add spatial information to the proposed connectivity models. According to the obtained confusion matrix, our method yielded an overall accuracy of 75% in recognizing three emotional states. Positive emotion was recognized with the highest accuracy of 87.96% (precision = 0.78, recall = 0.78 and F1-score = 0.81), followed by neutral (accuracy = 82.41%) and negative (accuracy = 79.63%) emotions. Indeed, our proposed method achieved the highest recognition accuracy for positive emotion. The proposed model in the present study has the ability to identify emotions in a completely personalized way based on neurobiological data. In the future, the proposed approach in the present study can be integrated with machine learning and neural network methods.
Mapping oceanic ridge segments in Oman ophiolite

This paper presents the results of detailed mapping of high-temperature flow structures in the mantle and crust of two massifs of the Oman ophiolite. In these massifs, the dominant structures, including large-scale folds, shear zones, and fractures, were generated at elevated temperatures and are ascribed to the ridge or ridge environment activity; this means that the structural maps presented can be viewed as those of partly dissected ridge segments. It has been possible in the two massifs to locate the paleoaxis of the oceanic ridge which created this crust. This location, which is constrained by several independent tests, is a prerequisite to reconstruct the structure and to investigate the dynamics of a fast spreading ridge. In the Nakhl-Rustaq massif, high temperature tectonic activity at the ridge rotated the Moho toward a vertical attitude and folded the layered gabbros on the scale of several hundred meters. This tectonism is attributed to a propagating ridge deforming a slightly older lithosphere. The propagating ridge segment extends in the field from a diapir area to a domain located along strike some 20 km away, where the sheeted dike complex roots directly in the mantle, without layered gabbros in between. The diapir area represents the mantle feeder for the ridge segment, and the rooted dikes represent the propagating tip. Other results include the detailed mapping of two mantle diapirs and of the diverging mantle flow issued from them. Magma chambers are centered over diapirs and are tent-shaped, in accord with our previous models.
Analysis of extreme summers and prior late winter/spring conditions in central Europe

Drought and heat waves during summer in mid- latitudes are a serious threat to human health and agricul- ture and have negative impacts on the infrastructure, such as problems in energy supply. The appearance of such extreme events is expected to increase with the progress of global warming. A better understanding of the development of ex- tremely hot and dry summers and the identification of possi- ble precursors could help improve existing seasonal forecasts in this regard, and could possibly lead to the development of early warning methods. The development of extremely hot and dry summer sea- sons in central Europe is attributed to a combined effect of the dominance of anticyclonic weather regimes and soil moisture-atmosphere interactions. The atmospheric circula- tion largely determines the amount of solar irradiation and the amount of precipitation in an area. These two variables are themselves major factors controlling the soil moisture. Thus, solar irradiation and precipitation are used as proxies to analyse extreme sunny and dry late winter/spring and sum- mer seasons for the period 1958-2011 in Germany and adja- cent areas. For this purpose, solar irradiation data from the European Center for Medium Range Weather Forecast 40-yr and in- terim re-analysis dataset, as well as remote sensing data are used. Precipitation data are taken from the Global Precipita- tion Climatology Project. To analyse the atmospheric circu- lation geopotential data at 850 hPa are also taken from the European Center for Medium Range Weather Forecast 40-yr and interim re-analysis datasets. For the years in which extreme summers in terms of high solar irradiation and low precipitation are identified, the previous late winter/spring conditions of solar irradiation and precipitation in Germany and adjacent areas are anal- ysed. Results show that if the El NiOscillation (ENSO) is not very intensely developed, extremely high so- lar irradiation amounts, together with extremely low precipi- tation amounts during late winter/spring, might serve as pre- cursor of extremely sunny and dry summer months to be ex- pected.
Global nitrogen and sulfur inventories for oceangoing ships

We present geographically resolved global inventories of nitrogen and sulfur emissions from international maritime transport for use in global atmospheric models. Current inventories of globally resolved sources of natural and anthropogenic emissions do not include the significant contribution of SO2 or NOx from oceangoing ships [Benkovitz et al., 1996]. We estimate the global inventory of ship emissions, using current emission test data for ships [Carlton et al., 1995] and a fuel-based approach similar to that used for automobile inventories [Singer and Harley, 1996]. This study estimates the 1993 global annual NOx and SO2 emissions from ships to be 3.08 teragrams (Tg, or 1012 g) as N and 4.24 Tg S, respectively. Nitrogen emissions from ships are shown to account for more than 14% of all nitrogen emissions from fossil fuel combustion, and sulfur emissions exceed 5% of sulfur emitted by all fuel combustion sources including coal. Ship sulfur emissions correspond to about 20% of biogenic dimethylsulfide (DMS) emissions. In regions of the Northern Hemisphere, annual sulfur emissions from ships can be of the same order of magnitude as estimates of the annual flux of DMS [Chin et al., 1996]. Monthly inventories of ship sulfur and nitrogen emissions presented in this paper are geographically characterized on a 2° × 2° resolution. Temporal and spatial characteristics of the inventory are presented. Uncertainty in inventory estimates is assessed: the fifth and ninety-fifth percentile values for global nitrogen emissions are 2.66 Tg N and 4.00 Tg N, respectively; the fifth and ninety-fifth percentile values for sulfur emissions are 3.29 Tg S and 5.61 Tg S, respectively. We suggest that these inventories, available via the Ship Emissions Assessment (SEA) web site, be used in models along with the Global Emissions Inventory Activity (GEIA) inventories for land-based anthropogenic emissions and modeled with ocean-biogenic inventories for DMS.
Computational analysis of nonlinear creep of polyphase aggregates: Influence of phase morphology

The constitutive laws of polyphase aggregates dominantly depend on the operative deformation mechanisms, phase morphology and modes, and environmental conditions. Each of these factors has the potential to dramatically affect bulk mechanical properties as well as the local stress and strain rate distributions. To focus on the effects of phase morphology, we have developed a rigorous multiscale approach based on asymptotic expansion homogenization. The proposed methodology has two fundamental goals: (1) accurately predict bulk behavior in aggregates by explicitly taking into account phase morphology and (2) calculate detailed distributions of strain rates, stresses, and viscosities in heterogeneous materials. The methodology is able to consider general nonlinear phase constitutive laws that relate strain rates to stresses, temperature, and other factors such as water fugacity and grain size. We demonstrate the approach by analyzing power law creep of computer‐generated and natural polyphase systems and benchmarking the results against analytical solutions. As an outcome of this analysis, we find that the approximation of an aggregate as a power law material is reasonable for isotropic, homogeneous phase distributions but breaks down significantly with high degrees of phase organization. We also present distributions in strain rate, stress, and viscosity for different applied loading conditions. Results exhibit areas of high internal stresses and substantial localization. We describe and provide a freely available software package supporting these calculations.
Dissolved inorganic nutrient fluxes from two seasonal rivers into Gazi Bay, Kenya

Abstract The riverine contribution to the dissolved inorganic nutrient budget of Gazi Bay, a little-studied pristine system, has been investigated. River Mkurumuji had estimated nutrient discharge rates equivalent to 12·21±9·98 kgN day −1 in the form of NH 4 + , 37·45±30·59 kgN day −1 in the form of NO 3 − +NO 2 − and 31·66±25·86 kgP day −1 in the form of PO 4 3− during the wet months of the study period. During the dry months, the corresponding values were 0·28±0·17, 0·27±0·16 and 0·93±0·57, respectively. River Kidogoweni discharged nutrients at rates equivalent to 5·37±4·69 kgNday −1 in the form of NH 4 + , 9·83±8·59 kgN day −1 as NO 3 − +NO 2 − and 9·00±7·87 kgP day −1 in the form of PO 4 3− during the wet months. Corresponding mean discharge rates during dry months were 0·013±0·009, 0·0057±0·0038 and 0·035±0·023, respectively. From the salinity distribution patterns, it is evident that during wet seasons, River Mkurumuji influences the nutrient distribution patterns of coral reef and seagrass zones, while River Kidogoweni influences the nutrient distribution pattern of the mangrove zone of the Bay. There seems to be minimal riverine influence during thedry seasons. The mean gross primary productivity of the Bay during the two seasons is a manifestation of thisobservation. Mean values for the mangrove, seagrass and coral reef biotopes, respectively, were: 540·41±222·63, 552·22±291·36, 388·88±247·12 mgC m −3 day −1 (wet seasons); and 377·67±159·7, 230·84±84·75, 240·27±115·29 mgC m −3 day −1 (dry seasons). The levels of dissolved inorganic nutrient concentrations between the waters of both rivers are not significantly different ( P =0·35), but are higher than for the Bay waters, which are characteristically oceanic. Gazi Bay nutrient levels are lower than those reported elsewhere within the region, therefore suggesting that the Bay is a relatively pristine environment.
On positive eigenfunctions of one nonlocal boundary problem

In this paper we present separate cases of Sturm–Liouville problem with nonlocal two-point boundary condition. The existence of positive eigenvalues and eigenfunctions is analysed. Obtained results we compare with results that are described in paper [1] and denote that in some cases they don’t coincide.
The influence of delirium on mortality and length of ICU stay and analysis of risk factors for delirium after liver transplantation

Objective To analyze the incidence, timing, risk factors and prognosis of delirium after liver transplantation (LT). Methods The clinical data of 321 patients undergoing LT in the Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University from January 2018 to December 2022 were collected to investigate the incidence, onset, and risk factors for post-LT delirium and the impact of delirium on LT recipients’ prognosis by statistical analysis. Results The incidence of post-LT delirium was 19.3% (62/321), and the median interval between LT and onset of delirium was 20.1 h. Univariate analysis showed that pre-LT variables (Model for End Stage Liver Disease (MELD) score, hospital stay, hepatic encephalopathy, infection, white blood cell (WBC) count, lymphocyte count, abnormal potassium, lactulose use), intraoperative variables (red blood cell transfusion, remimazolam use, dexmedetomidine use) and post-LT variables (hypernatraemia, acute rejection, reoperation, basiliximab use, tacrolimus concentration) were associated with post-LT delirium. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that MELD score at LT ≥22 [OR = 3.400, 95% CI:1.468–7.876, p = 0.004], pre-LT hepatic encephalopathy [OR = 3.224, 95% CI:1.664–6.244, p = 0.001], infection within 2 months prior to LT [OR = 2.238, 95% CI:1.151–4.351, p = 0.018], acute rejection [OR = 2.974, 95% CI:1.322–6.690, p = 0.008], and reoperation [OR = 11.919, 95% CI:2.938–48.350, p = 0.001] were independent risk factors for post-LT delirium. Post-LT delirium was reduced in LT recipients exposing to intraoperative remimazolam [OR = 0.287, 95% CI: 0.113–0.733, p = 0.009] or ≥ 25 μg of intraoperative dexmedetomidine [OR = 0.441, 95% CI 0.225–0.867, p = 0.018]. As for clinical outcomes, patients with delirium had a higher percentage of staying at the (ICU) ≥7 d after LT than those without delirium [OR = 2.559, 95% CI 1.418–4.617, p = 0.002]. Conclusion The incidence of delirium was high and the onset of delirium was early after LT. Risk factors for post-LT delirium included high MELD score at LT, pre-LT hepatic encephalopathy and infections, acute rejection and reoperation. Intraoperative use of remimazolam or dexmedetomidine reduced post-LT delirium. Delirium had a negative impact on the length of ICU stay.
Melting of CaSiO3 perovskite to 430 kbar and first in‐situ measurements of lower mantle eutectic temperatures

Melting temperatures of CaSiO3 perovskite were measured between 160 and 430 kbar in a diamond anvil cell under hydrostatic, inert conditions using CO2‐laser heating. The melting temperatures are higher than those obtained in previous YAG‐laser heating experiments [Shen and Lazor, 1995], where chemical reactions of the sample with rhenium might have caused a lowering in the melting temperatures. The melting temperatures of CaSiO3 perovskite are slightly higher than those of (Mg,Fe)SiO3 perovskite [Zerr and Boehler, 1993], thus making the two major minerals of the lower mantle Mg‐Si‐perovskite and magnesiowüsite the low‐melting components. First in‐situ measurements of the eutectic melting temperatures of these two minerals are presented. The data suggest that eutectic melting depression in the lower mantle may be insignificant. An alternate solution for the extrapolation of the measured melting temperatures to higher pressures, based on recent observations on the highly compressible alkali halides, yields melting temperatures at the bottom of the lower mantle below 6000 K.
Unstable Flow during Redistribution: Controlling Factors and Practical Implications

Unstable flow causes major uncertainties in the characterization of drainage in the vadose zone by inducing finger‐like flow paths in soils with or without macropores. Recent studies have identified the major factors governing fingered flow to be the combined effects of capillary hysteresis, the existence of a threshold water‐entry value in a porous medium, and a positive matric potential gradient behind the wetting front. This situation typically occurs during redistribution following high‐rate infiltration, a common occurrence in hydrology. The conditions favoring instability can also develop during infiltration into a fine‐over‐coarse layered soil, into hydrophobic or air‐entrapped soils, or even in a homogeneous coarse‐textured soil if the infiltration rate is low. An analysis of the conditions necessary for the onset of unstable flow in a uniform soil is provided in this paper. We demonstrate that if the matric potential gradient (dh/dz) becomes positive during redistribution, a perturbation at the wetting front will cause finger flow. However, if dh/dz remains negative, the perturbation will be dissipated. The analysis is used to predict a critical depth of irrigation (Ic) beyond which the flow should become unstable. A series of point‐source and line‐source infiltration experiments were conducted using a slab‐box filled with uniform sands. The results confirmed that as soon as Ic is exceeded, a finger was formed at the bottom of the wetting front, channeling the flow and stopping water movement in the surrounding areas. We discuss this phenomenon's implications for practical irrigation and leaching designs.
Predicting Ecologically Suitable Areas of Cotton Cultivation Using the MaxEnt Model in Xinjiang, China

Cultivating cotton and sustaining its productivity are challenging in temperate arid regions around the globe. Exploring suitable cotton cultivation areas to improve productivity in such climatic regions is essential. Thus, this study explores the ecologically suitable areas for cotton cultivation using the MaxEnt model, having 375 distribution points of long-staple cotton and various factors, including 19 climatic factors, 2 terrain factors, and 6 soil factors in Xinjiang. The area under the curve (AUC) of the predicted results was greater than 0.9, indicating that the model’s predictions had fairly high accuracy. However, the main environmental factors that affected the cotton’s growth were the lowest temperature in the coldest month, the hottest month, the precipitation in the driest season, and the monthly average temperature difference. Further, the temperature factors contributed 71%, while the contribution ratio of terrain and soil factors was only 22%. The research indicated that the current planting area was consistent with the predicted area in many areas of the study. Still, some areas, such as the Turpan region northwest of Bayingolin Mongol Autonomous Prefecture, are supposed to be suitable for planting cotton, but it is not planted. The current potential distribution area of long-staple cotton is mainly located in Aksu Prefecture and the northern part of the Kashgar Prefecture region. The climatic prediction shows that the growing area of long-staple cotton may expand to southern Altay, central Aksu, and Bortala Mongol Autonomous Prefecture. This study will be helpful for cotton cultivation suitability areas in Xinjiang and other regions with similar environments.
Machine Learning Techniques for Diabetes Classification: A Comparative Study

—In light of the growing global diabetes epidemic, there is a pressing need for enhanced diagnostic tools and methods. Enter machine learning, which, with its data-driven predictive capabilities, can serve as a powerful ally in the battle against this chronic condition. This research took advantage of the Pima Indians Diabetes Data Set, which captures diverse patient information, both diabetic and non-diabetic. Leveraging this dataset, we undertook a rigorous comparative assessment of six dominant machine learning algorithms, specifically: Support Vector Machine, Artificial Neural Networks, Decision Tree, Random Forest, Logistic Regression, and Naive Bayes. Aiming for precision, we introduced principal component analysis to the workflow, enabling strategic dimensionality reduction and thus spotlighting the most salient data features. Upon completion of our analysis, it became evident that the Random Forest algorithm stood out, achieving an exemplary accuracy rate of 98.6% when 'BP' and 'SKIN' attributes were set aside. This discovery prompts a crucial discussion: not all data attributes weigh equally in their predictive value, and a discerning approach to feature selection can significantly optimize outcomes. Concluding, this study underscores the potential and efficiency of machine learning in diabetes diagnosis. With Random Forest leading the pack in accuracy, there's a compelling case to further embed such computational techniques in healthcare diagnostics, ushering in an era of enhanced patient care.