Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Progressive dysexecutive syndrome due to Alzheimer’s disease: a description of 55 cases and comparison to other phenotypes

Abstract We report a group of patients presenting with a progressive dementia syndrome characterized by predominant dysfunction in core executive functions, relatively young age of onset and positive biomarkers for Alzheimer’s pathophysiology. Atypical frontal, dysexecutive/behavioural variants and early-onset variants of Alzheimer’s disease have been previously reported, but no diagnostic criteria exist for a progressive dysexecutive syndrome. In this retrospective review, we report on 55 participants diagnosed with a clinically defined progressive dysexecutive syndrome with 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography and Alzheimer’s disease biomarkers available. Sixty-two per cent of participants were female with a mean of 15.2 years of education. The mean age of reported symptom onset was 53.8 years while the mean age at diagnosis was 57.2 years. Participants and informants commonly referred to initial cognitive symptoms as ‘memory problems’ but upon further inquiry described problems with core executive functions of working memory, cognitive flexibility and cognitive inhibitory control. Multi-domain cognitive impairment was evident in neuropsychological testing with executive dysfunction most consistently affected. The frontal and parietal regions which overlap with working memory networks consistently demonstrated hypometabolism on positron emission tomography. Genetic testing for autosomal dominant genes was negative in all eight participants tested and at least one APOE ε4 allele was present in 14/26 participants tested. EEG was abnormal in 14/17 cases with 13 described as diffuse slowing. Furthermore, CSF or neuroimaging biomarkers were consistent with Alzheimer’s disease pathophysiology, although CSF p-tau was normal in 24% of cases. Fifteen of the executive predominate participants enrolled in research neuroimaging protocols and were compared to amnestic (n = 110), visual (n = 18) and language (n = 7) predominate clinical phenotypes of Alzheimer’s disease. This revealed a consistent pattern of hypometabolism in parieto-frontal brain regions supporting executive functions with relative sparing of the medial temporal lobe (versus amnestic phenotype), occipital (versus visual phenotype) and left temporal (versus language phenotype). We propose that this progressive dysexecutive syndrome should be recognized as a distinct clinical phenotype disambiguated from behavioural presentations and not linked specifically to the frontal lobe or a particular anatomic substrate without further study. This clinical presentation can be due to Alzheimer’s disease but is likely not specific for any single aetiology. Diagnostic criteria are proposed to facilitate additional research into this understudied clinical presentation.
US Public Perceptions of an Intelligence Quotient Test Score Gap Between Black Americans and White Americans

Intelligence quotient (IQ) is a common measure of intelligence that associates with many important life outcomes. Research over several decades has indicated that the average IQ test score among Black Americans is lower than the average IQ test score among White Americans, but in weighted results from a national nonprobability survey, only about 41% of US adults indicated awareness of this IQ gap. Results from a follow-up convenience survey indicated that, in the aggregate, White participants’ rating of White Americans’ average IQ and average intelligence is higher than Blacks Americans’ average IQ test score and average intelligence and was not driven by White participants’ belief in a universal White intellectual superiority. These and other results could have implications regarding the US public’s perceptions about the reasons for Black/White inequality and implications for the use of intelligence stereotype scales as measures of racial prejudice.
THE INFLUENCE OF SPIRITUAL LEADERSHIP AND EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE TO ORGANIZATIONAL CITIZENSHIP BEHAVIOR: MEDIATION EFFECT OF WORKPLACE SPIRITUALITY

The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of spiritual leadership and emotional intelligence toward OCB with workplace spirituality as an intervening variable. The method used in this study is a quantitative analysis method. The samples using non-probability sampling method with purposive random sampling. Data were analyzed using path analyses and conducted in Islamic Yunior High School in Kebumen. Respondent are some 250 teachers. The results showed that the spiritual leadership and emotional intelligence positivly affecting on OCB. In addition workplace spirituality is able to mediate the influence of spiritual leadership and emotional intelligence of the OCB. Keywords : spiritual leadership, emotional intelligence, workplace spirituality, organizational citizenship behaviour
Early Adolescents' Development of Academic Self-Concept and Intrinsic Task Value: The Role of Contextual Feedback

In this study, we investigate the extent to which achievement-related feedback in two academic domains (mathematics and language) originating from two contexts (school and family) predicts early adolescents' domain-specific academic self-concept and intrinsic task values in Germany (N = 1,190, age range 10–13) and the United States (N = 1,953, age range 10–14). We examined the mediating role of both parents' competence perceptions and the early adolescents' academic self-concepts linking grades and intrinsic value. Within- and cross-domain effects were tested at each stage of the mediation. As predicted, in both countries the associations of grades with the academic self-concepts are mediated by the parents' competence perceptions. The association of academic feedback with intrinsic task value is mediated through the students' academic self-concepts.
An Empirically Derived Taxonomy of Biopsychosocial Factors of Adjustment to Fibromyalgia: Results of a Multivariate Analysis

Fibromyalgia (FM) is a lifelong central nervous system disorder that is precipitated by a range of biological, psycho-cognitive, and social factors. The aims of this exploratory study were to (a) identify biopsychosocial and cognitive factors that may affect an individual’s response to FM, (b) determine whether individuals with FM can be grouped into homogeneous subgroups based on biopsychosocial factors associated with response to FM, and (c) compare subgroup differences in health outcomes and life satisfaction. This study included 302 participants with FM. Principal components analysis yielded three sets of biopsychosocial factors that may affect response to FM (i.e., protective, cognitive-affective, and physical factors). Based on these three factors, a cluster analysis was performed, which produced three homogeneous subgroups: (a) the moderate amount of problems group, (b) the least amount of problems group, and (c) the many problems group. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) results indicated that these three subgroups differed significantly in terms of health outcomes and life satisfaction. The findings of this study broaden the existing literature related to understanding FM from a multidimensional symptom response perspective and contribute to the development and validation of biopsychosocial interventions for people with FM.
Seroprevalence of Anaplasma marginale infection among cattle from three districts of the northern Punjab, Pakistan.

The study was designed to investigate the seroprevalence of Anaplasma marginale among cattle from Sargodha, Khushab and Rawalpindi districts of the northern Punjab, Pakistan. A total of 1050 samples were collected from selected small holders and private livestock farms using multistage cluster random sampling technique. The overall seroprevalence of Anapalsma marginale infection was 31.05 percent % using competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (cELISA). The highest seroprevalence was recorded in Sargodha (37.14%) district followed by Khushab (31.43%) and Rawalpindi (24.57 %) districts. A significant relationship was found among different age groups and breed. The seroprevalence was significantly higher in small holders than private livestock farms in all study districts. It is concluded that small holder's crossbred cattle of more than four years of age from Sargodha district are more susceptible to Anaplasma marginaleinfection in summer season.
Reduction of aflatoxin M1 by three acid- and bile-resistant antifungal probiotics vs. natamycin in milk.

Background and objectives: Aflatoxins (AFs) are produced by fungi, which may remain in the cow’s milk even after pasteurization. Aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) is specifically of great medical importance, as it is certainly carcinogenic for human. Several strategies have been suggested for its reduction, including the use of probiotics, especially Lactobacilli or lactic acid bacteria (LAB). As this method has not been confirmed as a routine treatment, yet, in this study, we aimed to evaluate the effect of three LABs on reduction of AFM1 in traditional milk and cheese. Materials and methods: In this study, 45 milk samples and 40 cheese samples were purchased from marketplaces of Shiraz city during February 2018-June 2018. Of 50 LABs purchased, the results of antifungal property, and resistance to bile salts, resulted in 5 strains. These 5 strains were tested for mean after addition of 5 ppm AFM1, compared to natamycin. The strains with reduction in AFM1 level were sequenced and registered in NCBI database. Results: The results showed reduced AFM1 level in three LAB strains, sequenced as Lactobacillus fermentum CECT562 (T), Lactobacillus brevis ATCC14869 (T), Enterococcus faecium LMG 11423(T) to 0.05, 0.03, and 0.03, respectively. Conclusion: The three LABs selected in the present study have significant effect on reducing AFM1 level in the traditional milk and cheese.
Factors influencing the independence of government auditors

The auditor provides assurance that the financial statements are true and fair, and prepared according to the generally accepted accounting principles. Unfortunately, many failures in corporation have caused concerns to the auditing profession. Auditors are deemed not to be independent, as reflected in many cases of companies’ financial distress around the world and in Malaysia. The current research examined whether non-audit services fees, audit competition and audit tenure would influence perceived auditors’ independence of government auditors. Questionnaires were distributed among the respondents to rate auditors’ independence based on eight scenarios. Each of the auditor-client conflict scenarios consisted of eight different manipulations of independent variables. For the purpose of this study, two other variables, namely client’s financial position and client’s company size were controlled. The respondents were required to rate their perceptions of auditors’ independence on a Likert scale. Overall, 73 government auditors participated in this study. The findings indicate that high non-audit service and high audit competition affect the perceptions of auditors’ independence. Also, the government auditors have been found to be consistent in their judgment. The current research contributes to the accounting research knowledge in two ways. First, the framework of the current research supported by the Brunswick Lens Model could explain the outcomes. Second, providing evidence that the government auditors are reliable would lead to producing quality judgment.
The Scavenger Hunt: A Technique for Enhancing Culture Learning and Intercultural Communication Practice

In this changing era, which is characterized by the interconnected world, and the increasing mobility of people, the need to be able to communicate inter-culturally is evident. To be successful in intercultural communication, one does not only need to be linguistically competent but also culturally knowledgeable and sensitive. Bearing in mind these cultural needs, this paper details the scavenger hunt technique as a tool for enhancing culture learning and intercultural communication practice. Although this technique applies to students of any major, this study was specifically implemented to a group of English as a Foreign Language (EFL) students in Indonesia. Participants of this study were nine (9) male and twenty (20) female students of The English Language Education Program at a private university in Central Java, Indonesia. The students did the scavenger hunt in a group of four or five during their three-day trip to a multicultural setting in Indonesia: Bali island, and documented the activities in vlogs. The students’ vlogs which were data of this study were analyzed by using a qualitative content analysis approach. The findings showed that the scavenger hunt task resulted in the students' learning on cultural knowledge, intercultural communication, intercultural adaptation, information technology, and soft skills. During the three-day program, the students could also use English in a meaningful way. The study presented the strengths, weaknesses, and recommendations of this study, as well as some ideas for further research. Keywords : culture learning, intercultural communication, EFL,scavenger hunt.
The Effects of Public Debt on Economic Growth in Bangladesh: An Evidence from the ARDL Bound Testing Approach

Public debt is intended to bridge the gap between domestic savings and investment. This paper examines the effect of public debt on economic growth in Bangladesh using autoregressive distributed lag bound testing approach to cointegration. It finds a negative relationship between public debt and economic growth both in the short-run and the long-run. That is, a significant rise in the public debt in Bangladesh appears to be a burden for the economic growth controlling for other determinants of growth. The findings suggest that funds obtained through public debt are not utilized in the productive economic avenues which may improve the growth scenario in Bangladesh. Also, the adverse effect exerted by public debt may further be responsible for a reduction in investment and slower growth of capital stock, which eventually can hamper the labour productivity growth in the country in long run.
CONSIDERING SUBJECTIVE TRUST AND MONITORING BEHAVIOR IN ASSESSING AUTOMATION-INDUCED “COMPLACENCY”

This article presents a study of human monitoring of an automated system considering both sampling behavior and subjective reports of trust and self-confidence. It replicates an experiment by Parasuraman et al. (1993) wherein participants were said to be lulled into complacency by unchanging automation. Results confirmed their finding that automation reliability had a significant effect on automation failures detection. In particular, participants using constant highly reliable automation had the poorest failure detection performance. These participants were also observed to have significantly longer intervals between their samples of the monitoring task. Despite this mean difference, the evolution of the attention allocation patterns for participants in the constant-high condition does not support the attribution of their poor performance to complacency. Results of trust and self-confidence ratings are also discussed. These results provide empirical support for Moray’s (2000, 2003) assertion that attention allocation and psychological factors should be considered when evaluating monitoring performance and drawing conclusions about complacency.
Reviewing family communication scholarship: toward a framework for conceptualizing a communicative perspective on family identity

ABSTRACT In this manuscript we review multiple approaches to family communication research, and provide directions for future research as they relate to family culture. Specifically, we review family communication research that is either explicitly or implicitly tied to family culture. Given the importance of families and understanding the first social group that individuals often belong to, it is necessary to synthesize programs of research related to family culture. Thus, in order to further the progression of family research we provide an overview of where current research on family communication converges, present additional factors for family scholars to include in their work, and conclude with suggestions for scholarship that builds on and integrates existing research.
RANGE INVENTORY AND EVALUATION OF ZALINGEI AREA VEGETATION. WESTERN DARFUR STATE, SUDAN

Two studies were conducted for two consecutive seasons 2005/2006 and 2006/2007 in a semi-arid Savannah zone, at Zalingei town perimeter, two kilometers east of Zalingei town , western Darfur state. The aim of the research was to evaluate the vegetation type, vegetation cover, their composition and frequency in addition to their biomass production. Species- area- curve and Parker Loop Methods were used to determine the range inventory in the selected area.Vegetation cover survey measurements during the dry season showed that the area was dominated by grasses mainly Abuasabi (Dactyloctenium aegyptium) and Ghabash (Schonefeldia gracilis) with some herbs and shrubs and few trees Kiter (Acacia mellifera) Haraz trees (Faidherbia albida), with low composition and frequency. Vegetation cover was about (33-38%) and biomass production was 0.679 ton/ha, which is very low to hold the targeted animals in the area. Their composition and frequency during the rainy season were extremely high, which coupled with moderately high plant and forage density indices of 85.25% and 79.75%, respectively.
Responses to iron limitation in two colonies of Stylophora pistillata exposed to high temperature: Implications for coral bleaching

Exposing the coral Stylophora pistillata to seawater depleted in available iron by complexation with the strong chelator desferrioxamine B reduces the photosynthetic efficiency and alters the pigment composition in its symbiotic algae at high temperatures. Similar effects of iron limitation are known for free‐living algae, but this is the first demonstration of low‐iron stress in a dinoflagellate living endosymbiotically. Maintaining corals at elevated temperature (30°C and 31°C) under diminished iron availability leads to reduced maximum quantum yields (Fv:Fm) of photosystem II (PSII), specifically on brightly illuminated surfaces of the coral. This reduction in maximum quantum yield is due in part to increased photoprotection, indicated by an increase in the photoprotective xanthophyll diatoxanthin, which promotes nonphotochemical quenching of excess light energy to restrict oxidative damage under conditions that impair photosynthetic electron transfer. However, photophysiological changes associated with the lowered maximum quantum yield did not prevent photodamage to PSII under the combined effects of elevated temperature and low iron availability, as shown by the decrease in maximum (Fm) that was not accompanied by significant change in the minimum (Fo) fluorescence yield. All of the foregoing is consistent with the potential of iron limitation to contribute to the underlying conditions by which thermal stress evokes the physiological response by corals that culminates in the symbiotic dysfunction of natural bleaching.
On the vulnerability of data-driven structural health monitoring models to adversarial attack

Many approaches at the forefront of structural health monitoring rely on cutting-edge techniques from the field of machine learning. Recently, much interest has been directed towards the study of so-called adversarial examples; deliberate input perturbations that deceive machine learning models while remaining semantically identical. This article demonstrates that data-driven approaches to structural health monitoring are vulnerable to attacks of this kind. In the perfect information or ‘white-box’ scenario, a transformation is found that maps every example in the Los Alamos National Laboratory three-storey structure dataset to an adversarial example. Also presented is an adversarial threat model specific to structural health monitoring. The threat model is proposed with a view to motivate discussion into ways in which structural health monitoring approaches might be made more robust to the threat of adversarial attack.
Intuition & reason: re-assessing dual-process theories with representational sub-activation

There is a prevalent distinction in the literature on reasoning, between Type-1 processes, (fast, automatic, associative, heuristic and intuitive); and Type-2 processes (rule-based, analytical and reflective). In this paper, we follow up recent empirical evidence [De Neys (2006b); Osman (2013)] in favour of a unitary cognitive system. More specifically, we suggest that intuitions (T1-processes) are sub-activated representations, which are in turn influenced by the weightings of the connections between different representations. Furthermore, we explain biases by appealing to the role of attention in thinking processes. The suggested view explains reasoning and bias whilst dealing with extant problems facing dual-process accounts.
Magnetosphere‐ionosphere coupling of global Pi2 pulsations

Global Pi2 pulsations have mainly been associated with either low/middle latitudes or middle/high latitudes and, as a result, have been treated as two different types of Pi2 pulsations, either the plasmaspheric cavity resonance or the transient response of the substorm current wedge, respectively. However, in some reports, global Pi2 pulsations have a single period spanning low/middle/high latitudes. This “super” global type has not yet been satisfactorily explained. In particular, it has been a major challenge to identify the coupling between the source region and the ground. Here we report two consecutive super global Pi2 events which were observed over a wide latitudinal and longitudinal range. Using four spacecraft that were azimuthally spread out in the nightside and one spacecraft in the tail lobe, it was possible to follow the Pi2 signal along various paths with time delays from the magnetotail to the ground. Furthermore, it was found that the global pulsations were a combination of various modes including the transient Alfvén and fast modes, field line resonance, and possibly a forced cavity‐type resonance. As for the source of the Pi2 periodicity, oscillatory plasma flow inside the plasma sheet during flow braking (e.g., interchange oscillations) is a likely candidate. Such flow modulations, resembling the ground Pi2 pulsations, were recorded for both events.
The educational aspirations and psychological well-being of adopted young people in the UK

Much is hypothesised but little is known about the effects of early adversity on school experience, academic attainment and career aspiration for children and young people adopted from care. Drawing on data from Wave 1 of the Youth (10‒15 years old) Questionnaire (n = 4899) from the United Kingdom Household Longitudinal Survey (UKHLS), also known as Understanding Society, this study explored differences between young people adopted (n = 22) and a matched comparison group (n = 110) on measures of educational and occupational aspirations and psychological well-being. Adopted young people reported higher externalising and total difficulties scores (based on the SDQ, Goodman, 1997) than the general population comparison group, but equivalent internalising symptoms. Adopted children were more likely to show an intention to seek full-time work at the end of compulsory schooling. These findings align with previous research regarding the psychological well-being of adopted children, contribute new knowledge about the aspirations of young people adopted from care and highlight methodological issues when utilising large-scale panel survey data for narrowly defined sub-groups.