Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Structural Regions of the Cardiac Ca Channel (cid:97) 1C Subunit Involved in Ca-dependent Inactivation

We investigated the molecular basis for Ca-dependent inactivation of the cardiac L-type Ca channel. Transfection of HEK293 cells with the wild-type (cid:97) 1C or its 3 (cid:57) deletion mutant ( (cid:97) 1C (cid:50) 3 (cid:57) del ) produced channels that exhibited prominent Ca-dependent inactivation. To identify structural regions of (cid:97) 1C involved in this process, we analyzed chimeric (cid:97) 1 subunits in which one of the major intracellular domains of (cid:97) 1C was replaced by the corresponding region from the skeletal muscle (cid:97) 1S subunit (which lacks Ca-dependent inactivation). Replacing the NH 2 terminus or the III–IV loop of (cid:97) 1C with its counterpart from (cid:97) 1S had no appreciable effect on Ca channel inactivation. In contrast, replacing the I–II loop of (cid:97) 1C with the corresponding region from (cid:97) 1S dramatically slowed the inactivation of Ba currents while preserving Ca-dependent inactivation. A similar but less pronounced result was obtained with a II–III loop chimera. These results suggest that the I–II and II–III loops of (cid:97) 1C may participate in the mechanism of Ca-dependent inactivation. Replacing the final 80% of the COOH terminus of (cid:97) 1C with the corresponding region from (cid:97) 1S completely eliminated Ca-dependent inactivation without affecting inactivation of Ba currents. Significantly, Ca-dependent inactivation was restored to this chimera by deleting a nonconserved, 211–amino acid segment from the end of the COOH terminus. These results suggest that the distal COOH terminus of (cid:97) 1S can block Ca-dependent inactivation, possibly by interacting with other proteins or other regions of the Ca channel. Our findings suggest that structural determinants of Ca-dependent inactivation are distributed among several major cytoplasmic domains of (cid:97) 1C .
Evolution of Phototrophy in the Chloroﬂexi Phylum Driven by Horizontal Gene Transfer

we report draft genomes of 11 Chloroﬂexi: the phototrophic Chloroﬂexia isolate Kouleothrix aurantiaca as well as 10 genome bins recovered from metagenomic sequencing of microbial mats found in Japanese hot springs. Two of these metagenome bins encode photrophic reaction centers and several of these bins form a metabolically diverse, monophyletic clade sister to the Anaerolineae class that we term Candidatus Thermofonsia. Comparisons of organismal (based on conserved ribosomal) and phototrophy (reaction center and bacteriochlorophyll synthesis) protein phylogenies throughout the Chloroﬂexi demonstrate that two new lineages acquired phototrophy independently via horizontal gene transfer (HGT) from different ancestral donors within the classically phototrophic Chloroﬂexia class. These results illustrate a complex history of phototrophy within this group, with metabolic innovation tied to HGT. These observations do not support simple hypotheses for the evolution of photosynthesis that require massive character loss from many clades; rather, HGT appears to be the deﬁning mechanic for the distribution of phototrophy in many of the extant clades in which it appears.
Sell-order liquidity and the cross-section of expected stock returns

We estimate buyand sell-order illiquidity measures (lambdas) for a comprehensive sample of NYSE stocks. We show that sell-order liquidity is priced more strongly than buy-order liquidity in the cross-section of equity returns. Indeed, our analysis indicates that the liquidity premium in equities emanates predominantly from the sell-order side. We also find that the average difference between sell and buy lambdas is generally positive throughout our sample period. Both buy and sell lambdas are significantly positively correlated with measures of funding liquidity such as the TED spread as well option implied volatility. We are grateful to an anonymous referee for insightful and constructive feedback. We also thank Tony Bernardo, Bhagwan Chowdhry, David Easley, Mark Grinblatt, Frank Hatheway, Nikolaus
The 3 9 3 5 9 Exonucleases of DNA Polymerases d and e and the 5 9 3 3 9 Exonuclease Exo1 Have Major Roles in Postreplication Mutation Avoidance in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Replication ﬁdelity is controlled by DNA polymerase proofreading and postreplication mismatch repair. We have genetically characterized the roles of the 5 * 3 3 * Exo1 and the 3 * 3 5 * DNA polymerase exonucleases in mismatch repair in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae by using various genetic backgrounds and highly sensitive mutation detection systems that are based on long and short homonucleotide runs. Genetic interac- tions were examined among DNA polymerase « ( pol2-4 ) and d ( pol3-01 ) mutants defective in 3 * 3 5 * proofreading exonuclease, mutants defective in the 5 * 3 3 * exonuclease Exo1, and mismatch repair mutants ( msh2 , msh3 , or msh6 ). These three exonucleases play an important role in mutation avoidance. Surprisingly, the mutation rate in an exo1 pol3-01 mutant was comparable to that in an msh2 pol3-01 mutant, suggesting that they participate directly in postreplication mismatch repair as well as in other DNA metabolic processes. Chromosome replication ﬁdelity is generally considered to be determined by a combination of base selection and error correction activities of DNA polymerases along with postrep- lication mismatch repair (MMR). The combined effect in Escherichia coli results in an overall error rate that is or vice versa. Haploid strains with the opposite mating types could form MAT a /MAT a ho- mozygous diploid strains. Transformants with YEpHO were grown on YPD media to allow loss of the plasmid. Single Leu 2 clones were isolated. Diploid clones were identiﬁed as nonmating with both MAT a his3 and MAT a his3 testers as well as giving a low forward mutation rate to Can r due to the presence of two CAN1 gene copies. For strains in which the LEU2 marker could not be used we utilized plasmid pGHO-TRP1 (1) containing the TRP1 marker and the HO gene under the GAL1-10 promoter. Mating type switching was induced in galactose media for 8 h, and diploid clones were identiﬁed as described above. Plasmid loss rate measurement. To establish the requirement for the POL3 gene in strains with pol3-01 msh2 or pol3-01 exo1 combinations, the rate of loss of the plasmid-borne POL3 gene on pBL304 was determined. By using the URA3 marker on pBL304, the plasmid loss rate was determined from the median in a ﬂuctuation test of 10 independent clones on 5-FOA (5-ﬂuoro-orotic acid) media (2). For each ﬂuctuation test, 10 5-FOA-resistant clones were analyzed by PCR to determine the loss of the POL3 gene as described above (see the paragraph on tetrad analysis).
F INANCIAL A SSISTANCE TO B EREAVED H OUSEHOLDS : L ESSONS FROM K AGERA , T ANZANIA

: In view of the severity of the AIDS epidemic in Africa and elsewhere, designing appropriate assistance policies for households experiencing an adult death is a pressing public policy concern. Better policies will strengthen and take into account existing household coping mechanisms, rather than duplicating or undermining them. In this paper, we investigate the nature of coping mechanisms among a sample of households in Kagera, Tanzania in 1991-94, by estimating the magnitude and timing of receipts of private transfers, public assistance and loans by households with different characteristics. We find that less poor households (i.e. those with more physical and human capital) benefit from larger receipts of private assistance, but receive less public assistance initially after a death. On the other hand, poorer households rely more on loans, for up to a year after a death. Though the loans in this sample are largely private, these results suggest that the expansion of micro-credit programmes as well as targeted grant programmes may help the poorest households in areas hard-hit by the AIDS epidemic.
D ETERMINANTS F ACTOR I NFLUENCE E NVIRONMENTAL M ANAGEMENT A CCOUNTING AND C ORPORATE E NVIRONMENTAL P ERFORMANCE : E VIDENCE IN I NDONESIA

This study examines (1) the effect of environmental strategy and Environmental Management Accounting (EMA) and environmental activity management and decision quality; (2) the effect of EMA and decision quality; (3) the effect of decision quality and corporate environmental performance, and EMA and corporate environmental performance on companies with ISO 14001 certifications in Indonesia. We used online surveys to reach managers from companies that received ISO 14001 certifications on Indonesia Stock Exchange. We analyzed data from 54 respondents and using Partial Least Square (PLS) regression. We find that environmental strategy has a positive impact on EMA. EMA has a positive and significant influence on a company’s environmental performance. Environmental activity management has a positive influence on decision quality. Decision quality also positively influences corporate environmental performance. However, we find no significant influence between EMA on decision quality. This study is limited by the low response rate from survey participants. We thus suggest that future research be conducted using qualitative methods. Another limitation is that the framework is not the best one. Thus, it is suggested that future research use another measurement for the variables and add other variables.
South Africa's real business cycles: The cycle is the trend Stellenbosch Economic Working 12/16

This paper tests the ‘cycle is the trend’ hypothesis. We investigate how far permanent and transitory productivity shocks can account for the dynamics observed in the South African business cycle over the period 1946{2014. By estimating a standard small open economy real business cycle model and its (cid:12)nancial frictions augmented counterpart, we show that permanent productivity shocks are more important than transitory ones in explaining this country’s business cycle (cid:13)uctuations. This (cid:12)nding supports the ‘cycle is the trend’ hypothesis in the South African business cycle. The model with (cid:12)nancial frictions successfully mimics the downward-sloping high autocorrelation of trade balance to output ratio observed in the data, whereas the benchmark model produces a (cid:13)at autocorrelation function. Financial frictions such as country risk premium shocks help to explain the (cid:13)uctuations in investment and in the trade balance to output ratio.
Water transmission by an array of floating discs

An experimental validation of theoretical models of regular-water-wave transmission through arrays of ﬂoating discs is presented. The experiments were conducted in a wave basin. The models are based on combined potential-ﬂow and thin-plate theories, and the assumption of linear motions. A low-concentration array, in which discs are separated by approximately a disc diameter in equilibrium, and a high-concentration array, in which adjacent discs are almost touching in equilibrium, were used for the experiments. The proportion of incident-wave energy transmitted by the discs is presented as a function of wave period, and for different wave amplitudes. Results indicate the models predict wave-energy transmission accurately for small-amplitude waves and low-concentration arrays. Discrepancies for large-amplitude waves and high-concentration arrays are attributed to wave overwash of the discs and collisions between discs. Validation of model predictions of a solitary disc’s rigid-body motions are also presented.
GIPC Is Recruited by APPL to Peripheral TrkA Endosomes and Regulates TrkA Trafﬁcking and Signaling (cid:1)

GIPC is a PDZ protein located on peripheral endosomes that binds to the juxtamembrane region of the TrkA nerve growth factor (NGF) receptor and has been implicated in NGF signaling. We establish here that endogenous GIPC binds to the C terminus of APPL, a Rab5 binding protein, which is a marker for signaling endosomes. When PC12(615) cells are treated with either NGF or antibody agonists to activate TrkA, GIPC and APPL translocate from the cytoplasm and bind to incoming, endocytic vesicles carrying TrkA concentrated at the tips of the cell processes. GIPC, but not APPL, dissociates from these peripheral endosomes prior to or during their trafﬁcking from the cell periphery to the juxtanuclear region, where they acquire EEA1. GIPC’s interaction with APPL is essential for recruitment of GIPC to peripheral endosomes and for TrkA signaling, because a GIPC PDZ domain mutant that cannot bind APPL or APPL knockdown with small interfering RNA inhibits NGF-induced GIPC recruitment, mitogen-activated protein kinase activation, and neurite outgrowth. GIPC is also required for efﬁcient endocytosis and trafﬁcking of TrkA because depletion of GIPC slows down endocytosis and trafﬁcking of TrkA and APPL to the early EEA1 endosomes in the juxtanuclear region. We conclude that GIPC, following its recruitment to TrkA by APPL, plays a key role in TrkA trafﬁcking and signaling from endosomes.
Factors Associated with Outpatient Cardiac Rehabilitation Participation in Older Patients: A Population-Based Study Using Claims Data from Two Cities in Japan

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND Although outpatient cardiac rehabilitation has been shown to be effective, the participation status of older cardiac patients is unclear in real-world settings. We investigated the proportion and associated factors of outpatient cardiac rehabilitation participation among older patients with heart diseases after cardiac intervention. METHODS We analyzed data from medical and long-term care insurance claims data from two municipalities in Japan. The data coverage period was between April 2014 and March 2019 in City A and between April 2012 and November 2016 in City B. We identified patients aged ≥65 years with post-operative acute myocardial infarction, angina pectoris, or heart valve disease. We estimated the proportion of cardiac rehabilitation participation and conducted logistic regression to identify factors (age, sex, type of cardiac disease, open-heart surgery, Charlson comorbidity index, long-term care need level, catecholamine use, inpatient cardiac rehabilitation, and hospital volume for cardiac rehabilitation) associated with outpatient cardiac rehabilitation participation. RESULTS A total of 690 patients were included in this study. The proportion of patients receiving outpatient cardiac rehabilitation was 9.0% overall. Multivariable logistic regression analysis suggested that men (adjusted OR 3.98; 95% CI 1.69–9.37), acute myocardial infarction (adjusted OR 2.76; 95% CI 1.20–6.36; reference angina pectoris), inpatient cardiac rehabilitation (adjusted OR 17.01; 95% CI 5.33–54.24), and “hospital volume” for cardiac rehabilitation (adjusted OR 4.35; 95% CI 1.14–16.57 for high-volume hospitals; reference low-volume hospital) were independently associated with outpatient cardiac rehabilitation. CONCLUSIONS The participation rate of outpatient cardiac rehabilitation among older post-operative cardiac patients was suboptimal. Further studies are warranted to examine its generalizability and whether a targeted approach to a group of patients who are less likely to receive outpatient cardiac rehabilitation could improve the participation rate.
Tracheostomy as an Independent Risk Factor of ICU Readmission

Readmission to Intensive Care Unit (ICU) is associated with poor patients’ outcomes. Prediction of risk of ICU readmission may help improve discharge decision making. Tracheostomies are increasing in ICU because of the safety of the procedure, and its benefits in patients’ management. However, studies are scarce on the evaluation of tracheostomy as an independent risk factor of ICU readmission. Objective: To investigate whether discharge from ICU with tracheostomy is an independent risk factor of ICU readmission. Design: Retrospective single-center observational study, on patients discharged from ICU of King Saud Medical City (KSA – Riyadh) to identify differences between readmitted and non-readmitted patients, and recognize independent risks of readmission through logistic regression. Results: Readmitted patients had higher average age and average APACHE 4 score, longer average length of stay, lower GCS on discharge, more tracheostomized patients, and were more frequently medical cases. A well fitted multivariate logistic regression model identified Age (OR 1.011, 95% CI: 1.001 – 1.021), LOS (OR 1.013, 95% CI: 1.004 – 1.021), APACHE 4 score (OR 1.01, 95% CI: 1.003 – 1.017), GCS (OR 0.86, 95% CI: 0.78 – 0.95), and tracheostomy (OR 2.7, 95% CI: 1.4 - 5) as risk factors of ICU readmission. The predictive model of readmission had AUC of 0.82(95% CI: 0.78 – 0.86). A predictive nomogram of the probability of readmission was constructed to be used for individual patients using these five factors. Conclusion: There is evidence that discharge from the ICU with tracheostomy is an independent risk of ICU readmission.
The molecular dimension of microbial species

spatiotemporal differences in light and O 2 concentration. All of these ﬁndings are consistent with the hypotheses that Synechococcus species in hot spring mats are sets of ecologically interchangeable individuals that are differently adapted, that these adaptations control their distributions, and that the resulting distributions constrain the activities of the species in space and time.
Orthodontic Intrusion Using Temporary Anchorage Devices Compared to Other Orthodontic Intrusion Methods: A Systematic Review

Objective: To systemically review all clinical trials that evaluate the effectiveness of orthodontic intrusion using bone anchorage devices versus using other orthodontic techniques in adult patients. Material and Methods: All randomized, controlled clinical trials and prospective studies that compare the use of TADs in intrusion versus alternative devices from the year 2000 to 2019 were searched using various electronic databases. Databases used include Pubmed, Cochrane, Scopus, Lilacs, and ScienceDirect. Selection was initially made by reading the titles and abstracts of potential suitable studies. The final selection was made after reading the full retrieved articles. A methodological score developed by Lagravère was used to assess the quality of evidence. The selection process was illustrated using a PRISMA flow chart. Results: A total of 3942 articles were retrieved, from which only two randomized clinical trials met the inclusion criteria. This presented a low to medium level of evidence to support the hypothesis that TADs are more effective than other orthodontic intrusion techniques for intruding upper incisors and improving upper incisor to lip relation while eliminating the adverse effect of compromising vertical posterior anchorage. Shorter treatment times and less root resorption were found in the TAD group. Conclusion: There is insufficient evidence to state that TADs can be used as orthodontic anchorage to effectively intrude the incisors without the need for patient cooperation. Future high quality prospective randomized clinical trials are required. Clinical, Cosmetic and Investigational Dentistry is an international, peer-reviewed, open access, online journal focusing on the latest clinical and experimental research in dentistry with specific empha- sis on cosmetic interventions. Innovative developments in dental materials, techniques and devices that improve outcomes and patient satisfaction and preference will be highlighted. The manuscript management system is completely online and includes a very quick and fair peer-review system, which is all easy to use. Visit http://www.dovepress. com/testimonials.php to read real quotes from published authors.
The TGF (cid:2) activated kinase TAK1 regulates vascular development in vivo

an important role in signaling downstream of a TGF (cid:2) activated kinase 1 (TAK1) is a MAPKKK that in cell culture systems has been shown to act downstream of a variety of signaling molecules, including TGF (cid:2) . Its role during vertebrate development, however, has not been examined by true loss-of-function studies. In this report, we describe the phenotype of mouse embryos in which the Tak1 gene has been inactivated by a genetrap insertion. Tak1 mutant embryos exhibit defects in the developing vasculature of the embryo proper and yolk sac. These defects include dilation and misbranching of vessels, as well as an absence of vascular smooth muscle. The phenotype of Tak1 mutant embryos is strikingly similar to that exhibited by loss-of-function mutations in the TGF (cid:2) type I receptor Alk1 and the type III receptor endoglin, suggesting that TAK1 may be a major effector of TGF (cid:2) signals during vascular development. Consistent with this view, we ﬁnd that in zebraﬁsh, morpholinos to TAK1 and ALK1 synergize to enhance the Alk1 vascular phenotype. Moreover, we show that overexpression of TAK1 is able to rescue the vascular defect produced by morpholino knockdown of ALK1. Taken together, these results suggest that TAK1 is probably an important downstream component of the TGF (cid:2) signal transduction pathway that regulates vertebrate vascular development. In addition, as heterozygosity for mutations in endoglin and ALK1 lead to the human syndromes known as hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia 1 and 2, respectively, our results raise the possibility that mutations in human TAK1 might contribute to this disease.
Construction Management and Economics The Predictive Ability of Bromilow’s Time-Cost Model

: Bromilow’s log-log time-cost (BTC) model is tested and refitted with a new set of data for Australian construction projects completed between 1991 and 1998. It is shown that, as anticipated by earlier research, different parameter estimates are needed for different project types with smaller industrial projects taking less time to complete than the smaller educational and residential projects. This results in the development of two separate models – one for industrial projects (Ind) and one for non-industrial projects (Xind). No changes in parameter estimates are needed for projects with different client sectors, contractor selection methods and contractual arrangements. Alternatives to the log-log model failed to produce any improved fit. Finally, the results are compared with previous work to indicate the extent of changes in time-cost relationships in Australian construction projects over the last 40 years. This indicates a clear improvement in construction speed over the period. Furthermore, the “public” sector group in particular has exhibited a greater variation (up to 132%) over the years.