Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Rangefinding in Fire Smoke Environments

The field of robotics has advanced to the point where robots are being developed for use in fire environments to perform firefighting tasks. These environments contain varying levels of fire and smoke, both of which obstruct robotic perception sensors. In order to effectively use robots in fire environments, the issue of perception in the presence of smoke and fire needs to be addressed. The goal of this research was to address the problem of perception, specifically rangefinding, in fire smoke environments. A series of tests were performed in fire smoke filled environments to evaluate the performance of different commercial rangefinders and cameras as well as a longwavelength infrared (LWIR) stereo vision system developed in this research. The smoke was varied from dense, low temperature smoke to light, high temperature smoke for evaluation in a range of conditions. Through small-scale experiments on eleven different sensors, radar and LWIR cameras outperformed other perception sensors within both smoke environments. A LWIR stereo vision system was developed for rangefinding and compared to radar, LIDAR, and visual stereo vision in large-scale testing, demonstrating the ability of LWIR stereo vision to rangefind in dense smoke when LIDAR and visual stereo vision fail. LWIR stereo vision was further developed for improved rangefinding in fire environments. Intensity misalignment between cameras and stereo image filtering were addressed quantitatively. Tests were performed with approximately isothermal scenes and thermally diverse scenes to select subsystem methods. In addition, the effects of image filtering on feature distortion were assessed. Rangefinding improvements were quantified with comparisons to ground truth data. Improved perception in varying levels of clear and smoke conditions was developed through sensor fusion of LWIR stereo vision and a spinning LIDAR. The data were fused in a multi-resolution 3D voxel domain using evidential theory to model occupied
The role of pre-break-up heat flow on the thermal history of a transform margin

Abstract The paper focuses on the Romanche transform margin on the African side of the Equatorial Atlantic, and draws from thermomechanical numerical modelling and subsequent GIS-based thermal history grid processing. Our modelling indicates that the early post-break-up thermal history of the transform margin is controlled by the cooling patterns of the adjacent pull-apart terrains, the pre-rift heat-flow regime, laterally passing seafloor spreading centres, and cooling of the newly accreted oceanic crust in two corridors located in front of and behind the spreading centres. The pre-rift thermal regime controls the background heat flow on top of which the thermal transients develop. If it is cold, the transient anomalies are very distinct on this background. If it is warm, the transient anomalies tend to blend in with background heat flow much better. The most prominent anomalies are related to thinning in the pull-apart terrains located between transforms. They are up to three times wider than anomalies related to the laterally passing spreading centre, the anomaly of which becomes no wider than 20–25 km. Together with oceanic crust accreted in corridors in front of and behind the passing centre, its heat transfer into the transform margin tends to slow down the cooling of the syn-break-up anomalies developed in the pull-apart terrains by rifting.
The appearance of tuberculosis in diabetic patients.

Introduction: Tuberculosis is one of the greatest causes of death caused by infectious diseases. Almost one third of the world population (meant 2 billion) are infected by tuberculosis and vulnerable to tuberculosis. Diabetes is one of the most common non contagious diseases in the world. This disease is the fourth or fifth cause of death in the most of developed countries. The relationship between tuberculosis and diabetes had been introduced years ago and diabetes is considered as a threatening factor in tuberculosis in the research history. Not only tuberculosis is prevalent among diabetic persons, but also diabetic can affect the appearances of imaging of tuberculosis. Material and methods: This is a kind of analytic study, a case control study, which was carried out between years 93-94 in Zabol. In this study, the radiographic findings from the patients suffering from pulmonary tuberculosis in diabetic patients and not diabetic patients are compared. These radiographies handed in to a radiologist and the radiologic findings of these graphs from the anatomic location (upper and lower half of the right and left bellows), Presence or absence of cavities, nodules, density and pleural involvement were recoded and compared with diabetic and non-diabetic group. After gathering of the data using SPSS software, descriptive statistics was presented in the form of (frequency, percent) graphs and a chi-square test (p<0/05) was used to analysing and comparing of the results of diabetic and un-diabetic patients. Result: The population of the study was consisted of Chest radiograph for 124 TB patients which 61 (49/19%) were suffering from diabetics. In this study, 45 (71/43%) non-diabetic and 42 (65/85%) diabetic patients were women (p=0/7). There were 12 (19/67%) diabetic TB patients and 3 (4/76%) nondiabetic- TB patients with the consolidation of middle part of left lung (p=0/01) and 8 (13/11%) diabetic TB and 1 (1/59%) non-diabetic TB with reticulonoduler infiltration of lower part of left lung (p=0/02). There was no significant deference in rest of the radiographic results. Discussion and conclusion: The findings of this study indicate that reticulonoduler infiltration and consolidation of lower and middle part of lung in TB diabetic patients is more than TB non-diabetic patients and diabetes can affect findings of pulmonary tuberculosis radiography.
Influence of farm dairy effluent ammonium concentrations on soil N2O emissions

Influence of Farm Dairy Effluent Ammonium Concentrations on Soil N2O Emissions by Tony Mark Johnston Nitrous oxide (N2O) is a potent greenhouse gas (GHG) and the single-most ozone (O3) depleting substance. Agriculture is the dominant source of anthropogenic N2O emissions globally, and especially in New Zealand. Urine, synthetic nitrogen (N) fertiliser and farm dairy effluent (FDE) are the main sources of N2O emissions from agricultural soils in New Zealand. Urine and synthetic N fertiliser have received considerable research attention to minimise their contribution to soil N2O emissions due to the high N loadings and greater emission factors (EF) of these inputs. However, as the land application of Farm Dairy Effluent (FDE) is a less significant contributor to New Zealand’s overall N2O emissions profile, research on this N-input is limited. The mass of FDE applied to land increased from, 18kt in 1990 to 39kt in 2013, and a recent increase in popularity of herd homes will further increase the mass of FDE produced. Thus, FDE requires further research. Limited data is available on the EF’s from the land application of FDE. In additon, an analysis of the literature suggests the NH4-N concentration of FDE is highly variable. The aim of this study was to determine the influence of FDE NH4-N concentration on soil N2O emissions. A 35-day field trial was conducted, where 10 mm of FDE was applied to pasture at NH4-N concentrations of either 90, 150, 200, 300 or 400 mg NH4-N L-1. The 150 and 400 mg NH4-N L-1 treatments contained 15N to monitor the fate of FDE NH4-N. N2O gas samples were taken daily for the first week, then every 2-3 days for the remainder of the trial. Soil inorganic-N pools were monitored every 7 days. Pasture production was measured on days 19 and 35. Peak N2O emissions occurred within 24 hrs of applying the FDE. The highest N2O emisions were produced in the 400 mg NH4-N L-1 treatment averaging 65 kg N2O ha-1 day-1. FDE treatments produced significantly more than the control until day 7. Emission factors ranged from 0.18 to 0.32
Event-Triggered Finite-Time Tracking Control of Unmanned Surface Vessel Using Neural Network Prescribed Performance

The current paper verifies the event-triggered finite-time tracking control of a fully actuated unmanned surface vessel under unmodeled dynamics and external disturbances. Radial basis function neural networks (RBFNNs), nonlinear disturbance observers (NDO), and the event-triggered mechanism (ETM) are utilized to design a new type of finite time tracking controller (FFTC). The proposed controller utilizes the dynamic surface control (DSC) approach to resolve the “differential explosion” issue of virtual control laws. Prescribed performance functions (PPFs) and the finite-time control (FFC) technique are utilized to specify the efficiency of tracking errors. The designed control laws make the control system of USV semi-globally practically finite-time stable (SGPFS) and make the tracking errors tend to a narrow residual set involving the specified bound in a finite time. In the end, the simulations reflect the presented FFTC’s efficiency.
Thymol-Modified Oleic and Linoleic Acids Encapsulated in Polymeric Nanoparticles: Enhanced Bioactivity, Stability, and Biomedical Potential

Unsaturated fatty acids, such as oleic acid (OA) and linoleic acid (LA), are promising antimicrobial and cytostatic agents. We modified OA and LA with thymol (TOA and TLA, respectively) to expand their bioavailability, stability, and possible applications, and encapsulated these derivatives in polymeric nanoparticles (TOA-NPs and TLA-NPs, respectively). Prior to synthesis, we performed mathematical simulations with PASS and ADMETlab 2.0 to predict the biological activity and pharmacokinetics of TOA and TLA. TOA and TLA were synthesized via esterification in the presence of catalysts. Next, we formulated nanoparticles using the single-emulsion solvent evaporation technique. We applied dynamic light scattering, Uv-vis spectroscopy, release studies under gastrointestinal (pH 1.2–6.8) and blood environment simulation conditions (pH 7.4), and in vitro biological activity testing to characterize the nanoparticles. PASS revealed that TOA and TLA have antimicrobial and anticancer therapeutic potential. ADMETlab 2.0 provided a rationale for TOA and TLA encapsulation. The nanoparticles had an average size of 212–227 nm, with a high encapsulation efficiency (71–93%), and released TOA and TLA in a gradual and prolonged mode. TLA-NPs possessed higher antibacterial activity against B. cereus and S. aureus and pronounced cytotoxic activity against MCF-7, K562, and A549 cell lines compared to TOA-NPs. Our findings expand the biomedical application of fatty acids and provide a basis for further in vivo evaluation of designed derivatives and formulations.
Keeping it clean: bird bath hygiene in urban and rural areas

In a dry continent like Australia where the provision of water in bird baths is a common and popular practice, very little is known about it. We describe the use of different types of bird baths and how these were maintained by residents ( n = 1,728 respondents). The most commonly monitored bird baths were pedestal/elevated baths (>80%). Participants refilled bird baths more frequently in summer compared with winter (water changed once a day: winter respondents, 37.5%; summer respondents, 53.8%). Bird baths were also cleaned regularly (‘Yes I do’: 26.4%; winter respondents, 23.1%; summer respondents; ‘I do but not every time’, 55.6% winter respondents, 58.6% summer respondents). Overall our study indicates good hygiene practices for the maintenance of bird baths, which may help prevent the spread of avian diseases; and that residents are providing water seemingly based on the perceived need for water by birds.
Fast Fourier Transform With Multihead Attention for Specific Emitter Identification

With the development of wireless communication, specific emitter identification (SEI) is important for the management and security of instrumentation and smart devices. Given that the signal differences between different devices of the same type are caused by hardware damage and are mainly concentrated in the high frequencies, the high-frequency component of the signal is reconstructed by Fourier transform, attention mechanism, and inverse Fourier transform in this article. The reconstructed high-frequency component of the signal is then fed into a recurrent neural network (RNN) to extract features from the time dimension. The frequency attention module and the time attention module are connected serially, which, on the one hand, allows the overall network to pay attention to both the frequency and time characteristics without increasing the amount of data, and, on the other hand, ensures that the results of the frequency attention must facilitate the subsequent RNN for feature extraction. The parameter sizes of many SEI methods are measured. The results show that the model proposed in this article has the highest parameter efficiency and low storage costs. The results on a real-world dataset show that the proposed model has the highest accuracy. These advantages have essential significance for deploying the model in practical applications.
Analysis of economic, production, and marketing aspects of potato farming in Changunarayan Municipality of Bhaktapur, Nepal

A comprehensive study was undertaken in the Changunarayan Municipality of Bhaktapur District to conduct a thorough cost-benefit analysis, analyze production functions, and evaluate the various marketing channels and associated challenges of potato cultivation. total of 100 farmers were surveyed, and gathered data were, analyzed using Excel and SPSS software. Despite an average cost per hectare of potato cultivation reaching NRs 370,662.58, which is comparatively higher than in other regions, the productivity was notably greater at 22.021 Mt/ha, surpassing the national average of 16.73 Mt/ha. With a benefit-cost ratio of 1.68, potato production was found economically viable in the region. The production function analysis, conducted using the Cobb-Douglas Model, revealed noteworthy insights among the six variables examined. Fertilizers, machinery, plant protection measures, and micronutrients were identified as underutilized inputs, as indicated by a RUE value surpassing unity. Conversely, labor cost and various other factors exhibited negative associations with average returns. The study also revealed that potato production in the area exhibited an increasing Return to Scale (RTS) value of 1.619, indicating that a 1% increase in input expenditure would lead to a 1.619% increase in returns. Farmers primarily choose a marketing channel with three intermediaries, which results in a larger market margin but a smaller share for the producers. Among the five key marketing challenges reported by farmers, the influence of intermediaries stands out as the most significant issue. In conclusion, this study highlights the pressing need for efficient marketing channels and fair pricing systems to support potato farmers in the region.
The Impact of Obesity on the Health of the Older Population: A Cross-Sectional Study on the Relationship between Health-Related Quality of Life and Body Mass Index across Different Age Groups

Obesity is strongly associated with mortality and morbidity, but there is a lack of data on its impact on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) across different age groups. Therefore, this study’s objective was to determine the association between body mass index (BMI) and HRQoL in the Austrian adult population based on age groups using the 36-Item Short Form (SF-36) survey. Methods: The SF-36 survey was sent to 500 randomly assigned Austrian adults (response rate: 80.6%). This study assessed HRQoL subscale and component scores based on gender, level of education, smoking status, and alcohol consumption in 403 participants. Results: Increasing BMI is associated with a negative impact on all domains of physical health and social function. The study uncovered substantial variations in the impact of increasing BMI on HRQoL across different age groups, with a pronounced effect observed in the physical components, particularly among individuals aged 65–74. Conclusions: BMI is negatively associated with the physical aspects of HRQoL and social function, affecting various adult age groups differently. Consequently, our results emphasize assessing different age groups and possible influencing factors on HRQoL, such as BMI, for further optimization in designing prevention programs against obesity.
THE EFFECT OF BENEFITS, BARRIERS, AND SELF-EFFICACY ON PUBLIC HEALTH PROMOTION BEHAVIOR DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC

Background: Pandemic of Covid-19 situation made people to adapt wiht new normal habitually. Health promotion behavior may determine by perceived benefit, barrier, and self-efficacy. Objectives: This research aimed to know the effect of perceived benefit, barrier, and self-efficacy to health promotion behavior in Palembang during pandemic Covid-19. Methods: This study done with cross-sectional design to 183 respondents who lived in Palembang taken by randomized with online questionnaire. The instrument of this study conducted from Pender’s HPM model developed by author. Study result analyzed by SEM-PLS approach to test direct and indirect effects. Results: The results showed that there was not significant effect of self-efficacy to barrier (β= -0.137; p= 0.067) and health promotion behavior (β= -0.026; p= 0.711), but the findings also showed significant effect of self-efficacy to benefit (β= 0.212; p= 0.017), benefit to barrier (β= -0.152; p= 0.046), barrier to health promotion behavior (β= -0.141; p= 0.039), and benefit to health promotion behavior (β= 0.331; p< 0.001). Otherwise, there was also found significant indirect effect of self-efficacy to health promotion behavior by benefit as mediator (β= 0.07; p= 0.026). Overall model give 14.2% to HBP. Conclusion: Perceived benefits and perceived barriers are significant predictors of individual health promotion behavior. Meanwhile, self-efficacy does not have a significant effect. In addition, self-efficacy has a significant influence on perceived benefits and perceived benefits on perceived barriers. Self-efficacy also has an indirect influence on health promotion behavior through perceived benefits as mediators
The Characteristics of Biscuit Quality with Coffee (Coffea Arabica L.) Silver Skin Flour Substitution

Coffee silver skin flour can be effortlessly converted into various items, and its nutritional quality remains constant. Thus, exploring novel methods of utilizing it could result in sustainable and innovative products with consistent nutritional advantages. This study investigated the impact of using coffee silver skin flour on the quality of biscuits. This study used a completely randomized design (CRD) consisting of 5 levels of treatment and three replications. The percentages of wheat flour substituted with coffee silver skin flour were 0, 20, 40, 60, and 80%. Observation data were analyzed using ANOVA with F test and continued with Duncan's New Multiple Range Test (DNMRT) test at 1% significance level. The result showed that substituting wheat flour with coffee silver skin flour considerably altered the flour's moisture, ash, protein, and fat content. With increasing amounts of coffee silver skin flour, the moisture and ash contents increased, while the protein and fat contents decreased. Biscuits that were most favored by panelists were in treatment A (100% wheat flour with 0% coffee silver skin flour) with moisture, ash, protein, and fat content of 1.31, 0.25, 18.50, and 19.45%, respectively. Biscuits made from coffee silver skin flour meet the quality requirements set by SNI 2973:2011, except for treatment E (0% wheat flour with 100% coffee silver skin flour), as the moisture content exceeds the specified criteria. Keywords: Biscuit quality, Characteristics, Coffee silver skin
Physical Activity Time, Alcohol Consumption, Mediterranean Diet, and Anxiety in Education Science Students

Student lifestyles change during university. This research aimed to classify university students according to their levels of physical activity, alcohol consumption, adherence to the Mediterranean diet, and anxiety and studied the relationships between the variables using a multigroup equation model according to gender. The sample was composed of 549 participants (M = 23.06; S.D. = 6.22), of whom 409 were women and 140 were men. Validated and adapted instruments such as the Beck Anxiety Inventory, the PREDIMED Questionnaire, and the Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test were used. The data revealed four clusters through Ward’s method and the k-means method. Regarding the exploratory model, differences were found in the effects of the variables according to sex. In conclusion, alcohol consumption was positively associated with the Mediterranean diet, and physical activity was negatively associated with the Mediterranean diet and anxiety.
Glycolysis Reprogramming in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis: Unveiling the Mystery of Lactate in the Lung

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic and progressive lung disease characterized by excessive deposition of fibrotic connective tissue in the lungs. Emerging evidence suggests that metabolic alterations, particularly glycolysis reprogramming, play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of IPF. Lactate, once considered a metabolic waste product, is now recognized as a signaling molecule involved in various cellular processes. In the context of IPF, lactate has been shown to promote fibroblast activation, myofibroblast differentiation, and extracellular matrix remodeling. Furthermore, lactate can modulate immune responses and contribute to the pro-inflammatory microenvironment observed in IPF. In addition, lactate has been implicated in the crosstalk between different cell types involved in IPF; it can influence cell–cell communication, cytokine production, and the activation of profibrotic signaling pathways. This review aims to summarize the current research progress on the role of glycolytic reprogramming and lactate in IPF and its potential implications to clarify the role of lactate in IPF and to provide a reference and direction for future research. In conclusion, elucidating the intricate interplay between lactate metabolism and fibrotic processes may lead to the development of innovative therapeutic strategies for IPF.
Medical Students' Self-Reflection of Stress Management: A Psycholinguistic Analysis

Studying medicine makes significant demands both cognitively, emotionally and personally. In the subject Stress and stress management, students get to know the concept of stress, its manifestations and various stress management techniques, some of which are practiced practically. This subject ends with a seminar paper in which students consider how they manage stress. This study offers an analysis of these essays based on the following research questions: What semantic and morpho-syntactic categories do students use in considering their approaches to stress management? How does coping reflection (in terms of semantic and morphosyntactic categories) differ between male and female students? The research sample comprised 145 students, of which 48 were males and 97 were females. The research used a quantitative text analysis method where semantic categories were detected automatically using the LIWC program and using word embedding analysis in Python. The JASP program, descriptive analyzes and t-tests were used for statistical analyses. Results showed that women wrote statistically significantly longer texts (on average 13 sentences, 243 words longer) and used fewer function words, especially first-person singular pronouns, more negation words related to drives (contradiction and hesitant words), affect (negative tone, negative emotions, sadness), social (family) and lifestyle (work) words in their essays compared to male students. The study findings offer opportunities to delve deeper into psycholinguistic aspects of this area.