Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
CCAAT/enhancer binding protein β Induces Post-Switched B Cells to Produce Blimp1 and Differentiate into Plasma Cells

Long-lasting post-switched plasma cells (PCs) arise mainly from germinal center (GC) reactions, but little is known about the mechanism by which GC B cells differentiate into PCs. Based on our observation that the expression of the transcription factor CCAAT/enhancer binding protein β (C/EPBβ) is associated with the emergence of post-switched PCs, we enquired whether a cell-autonomous function of C/EPBβ is involved in the program for PC development. To address this, we generated C/EPBβ-deficient mice in which the Cebpb locus was specifically deleted in B cells after transcription of the Ig γ1 constant gene segment (Cγ1). In response to in vitro stimulation, B cells from these Cebpbfl/flCγ1Cre/+ mice had defects in the induction of B lymphocyte-induced maturation protein 1 (Blimp1) and the formation of IgG1+ PCs, but not in proliferation and survival. At steady state, the Cebpbfl/flCγ1Cre/+ mice had reduced serum IgG1 titers but normal IgG2c and IgM titers. Moreover, upon immunization with T-dependent Ag, the mice produced reduced levels of Ag-specific IgG1 Ab, and were defective in the production of Ag-specific IgG1 Ab-secreting cells. These results suggest that a cell-autonomous function of C/EPBβ is crucial for differentiation of post-switched GC B cells into PCs through a Blimp1-dependent pathway.
The Spread of Infection in Seasonal Insect-Pathogen Systems

Two distinct host-pathogen models with free-living infective stages and host movement are developed taking into account the fact that for many species the environment produces defined seasons. The models predict that a travelling wave of infection will sweep across the landscape, away from the point of pathogen introduction. Seasonality may reduce the range of disease spread compared to equivalent non-seasonal systems, and under certain circumstances the inclusion of seasonality is responsible for producing hollows in prevalence behind the wavefront. The models allow us to examine and challenge the conventional views of pathogen dispersal (in which so-called 'interference' of multiple waves from separate epicentres is sometimes invoked).
PHYSICO-MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF WOOD AND NON-WOOD PLASTER OF PARIS BONDED COMPOSITE CEILING BOARDS

The effects of wood and non-wood fibres reinforcement on the properties of Plaster of Paris were evaluated. The woody and non woody residues were varied in 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 % of the whole mix while the Plaster of Paris used was in the ratio 100 (control), 90, 80, 70, 60, and 50 %. The mean density of the composite produced is 3250 kg/m3. The mean thickness swelling and water absorption after 2 and 24 hours were 0.84 % and 0.88 %, and 13.8 % and 16.2 % respectively. The MOR and MOE increased with increase in fibre content hence the composite is suitable for indoor applications.
Cultural and Pathogenic Studies of an Isolate of Cercospora Beticola Sacc

Introduction Cercospora leaf spot, which is caused by Cereos/Jom uetico la Sacc. is one of the major problems of sugar beet cultivation . In 1959 and again in 1961 the incidence of lea f spotting at beets was considerably above theusual average of infection in southwestern Ontario and caused renewed interest in the chemical control of this disease. A reliable method of producing conidia was required to su pply spores for bioassay and greenhouse tests. Beet leaf agar ""as re-ported by Nagel (6)3 and Vestal (9) to be a satisfactory medium for the gTow th and sporulation of C. beticola. Con­ sequently an isolate obtained from locally-grown infected sugar beels was studied in cui ture on beet leaf and other agar media. The incidence of Cercospora leaf spot is of economic concern mainly to the sugar beet industry. H owever, since cultures isolated hom infected sugar beets in other seasons (1,9) were pathogenic to related plants th e present isola te was tested against several varieties of sugar bee t, mangel and table beet. The results of field trials for the control of Cercospora leaf spot of sugar beets with pro tective fungicides have been pu b­ lished separately (2) .
ARMICARB® - trials against apple scab, recommendations and developments in other cultivars.

ARMICARB got the registration against apple scab in Germany 2013. The active ingredient is potassium hydrogen carbonate, but the clue is the special formulation. The trials show the potential of ARMICARB in the late apples scab season after bloom. The last years many trials were conducted with ARMICARB against apple scab throughout Europe. But there are many different systems within Europe to calculate the amount of product to be used per ha. In Germany we use a system which is defined by the canopy height. The normal canopy height is between 2 m and 3 m. The registered dose rate for ARMICARB is 2.5 kg/ha and per canopy height, but limited to 5 kg/ha. The question was whether it is enough to use 5 kg at higher trees as well or do we need a higher dose rate. It could be shown that 1.5 kg per ha and per canopy height (4.5 kg/ha at a canopy height of 3 m) was efficient enough under the conditions of 2012 and 2013 to get a protection of the crop as good as a standard IPM product in a protective spraying schedule.The curative effect of ARMICARB was tested 2013 in potted trees and showed a good short term efficacy up to 11 hours after infection. Spiess-Urania Chemicals GmbH is also developing ARMICARB in many other cultivars as it is considered as a product without residues and low impact to the environment.
Optimal combination of traits to estimate the breeding value of herd life using multiple trait model

Optimal combination of traits was investigated to estimate the breeding value (BV) of herd life using multiple trait model. Data were ﬁrst lactation records of milk, somatic cell score (SCS) and type traits (feet and legs, chest width, angularity, rump angle, foot angle, rear udder height, udder support, udder depth, front teat placement) from , cows born between and with their pedigree records. Herd life was deﬁned as censored records from birth to months at age of cow. Various ﬁxed e ects were considered for herd life (herd-year, calving age), milk and SCS (herd-year, calving month, calving age) and type traits (herd-classiﬁer-classiﬁed day, age at classiﬁcation, lactation stage) in the statistical models. When traits model was used, the highest reliability of the estimated BV for herd-life was obtained from a combination of herd life, milk, SCS, feet and legs, chest width, angularity, udder support, udder depth and front teat placement.
The Phytochemical Screening and Antioxidants Potential of Schoenoplectus triqueter L. Palla

Over the centuries, humans use different types of therapeutic plants to treat several diseases. Cyperaceae family has a significant number of monocotyledon plants, and Schoenoplectus is one of the genera that belong to this family; about forty-nine compounds are isolated. Our current study was evaluated on Schoenoplectus triqueter L. Palla to show the potential of its antioxidants and confirm the phytochemical constituents in this plant species. Fully powdered plant taken for successive extraction process in hot continuous process for Soxhlet was 20 g plant in porous bag manually prepared; the constant temperature provided was 40–50°C. In the maceration extraction method, 30 g plant was taken in a closed jar and the solvent placed for extraction was 300 mL of ethanol; the extract gets filtered and fractioned to different solvents such as water, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, and n-hexane fraction. Important types of phytochemicals found in this species are alkaloids, proteins, amino acids, flavonoids, phenols, terpenoids, tannins, saponins, and carbohydrates. All the entire extracted fractions which are water, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, and n-hexane possess noticeable activity at various concentrations of 31.25, 62.5, 125, 250, and 500 µg/mL by the dilution method. The ethyl acetate extract holds greater median inhibitory concentration (IC50 = 3.52 ± 0.01), and water showed IC50 = 3.61 ± 0.01 percent potential as compared to the standard ascorbic acid which possesses IC50 = 2.27 ± 0.01. Their potential may be enhanced or lowered with the purification of extracts which might be useful in biological activities.
Substantiation of work quality indicators of the universal seeds scarificator of the eastern galega (Galega Orientalis)

Eastern galega (Galega orientalis) contains amino acids and vitamins necessary for the normal functioning of the animal organism. In addition, it is a good precursor to many cultures. One of the drawbacks of Eastern galega is the hard shell of the seeds, which leads to increased seed consumption, a prolonged time of seedlings and an irrevocable loss of part of the sown seeds. The most affordable, simple and productive is the mechanical method of violating the tightness of the coating film of seeds. The aim of the study was to conduct comparative experiments with the existing scarifier, to create an improved design of a disk scarifier, which allows to improve the quality of seed treatment, and the theoretical justification of its structural and technological parameters. The original design of the disk scarifier on the seeds of the Eastern galega was investigated. The working bodies of the blades of the scarifier disc and their changing installation angle allows to adjust the contact angle of the seeds with the abrasive surface of the grinding wheel, thereby scratching the hard shell of the seeds without injuring them. In contrast to the used designs of scarifiers, the device under development provides for a pneumatic system for removing dust and impurities from the abrasive surface of the grinding wheel by the air flow and additional seed treatment with the microbiological preparation rhisotorfin. In the study of qualitative indicators of scarification of Eastern galega at an average moisture content of 9%, the following parameters were determined: seed germination,%; the degree of scarification,% and the degree of crushing of seeds,% with disk rotation modes 700, 900, 1100, 1300, 1500 rpm. The studies have shown high-quality seed treatment compared to its counterpart. In the recommended range of disk revolutions of 900 . 1100, the proposed scarifier showed a decrease in the degree of crushing of seeds by 0.2 . 0.4%, an increase in the degree of scarification by 2 . 3% and the degree of germination by 4 . 5%. The use of the developed design of the scarifier in international practice will reduce the damage of the treated seeds and increase the yield of legumes.
POTENTIAL OF THE WEED ABRUS PRECATORIUS LINNAEUS (FABALES: FABACEAE) FOR CONTROL OF INSECT PESTS IN THE SOUTH PACIFIC: A REVIEW

Abrus precatorius L. (Fabaceae) is a woody legume plant that grows in tropical countries and is an invasive weed in other areas. Extracts of this plant have insecticidal properties against several arthropod groups including Coleoptera, Diptera, Hemiptera, Isoptera, Lepidoptera and Orthoptera. It also has inhibitory effects against other pests including fungal plant pathogens, parasitic protozoans and molluscs. Studies that have examined the efficacy of A. precatorius extracts against invertebrate pests found in the South Pacific region suggest that this plant may be a potential mean for controlling many important invasive agricultural pests. Harvest and usage of A. precatorius may serve a dual purpose to restrict weed growth whilst providing material to produce a botanically-derived insecticide.
Genetic Diversity and Relationship Assessment based on AFLP Analysis in Blackberry (Rubus fructicosus L.) Mutant Lines

This study was carried out to evaluate the genetic diversity and relationships among fifty-six blackberry ( Rubus fructicosus ) mutants derived from gamma-ray treatment (fifty-two lines) by analysis of Amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers. Both cluster analysis and principal coordinate analysis (PCOORDA) were conducted in order to study the genetic diversity, using both morphological traits and AFLP makers. A total of 589 bands were amplified with an average of 58.9 bands per primer. Among them, 560 were identified to be polymorphic, with a rate of 95.08%. A showed a highly significant (P ≤ 0.01) positive correlation with GD and PIC (r 2 =0.999). MI also showed a significant (P ≤ 0.05) positive correlation with GD and PIC. According to the clustering analysis, all mutant lines could be classified into five categories, but the three gamma-ray treatment lines and the cross-bred line were not clustered into any groups. For the morphological traits, cluster analysis divided the blackberry germplasm into six clusters and two independent groups. In addition, the morphological dendrogram indicated an unclear pattern of division among the groups based on AFLP analysis. The findings of this study indicate that mutant lines have high genetic diversity, and can be effectively utilized as materials for the improvement of breeding.
Variation in life history parameters of Dover sole, Microstomus pacifi cus, off the coasts of Washington, Oregon, and northern California

Dover sole (Microstomus pacifi cus) is a deep-water pleuronectid fi sh that ranges from Baja, California, to the Bering Sea (Hart, 1973) at depths from 10 m to 1200 m (Pearcy et al., 1982; Allen and Smith, 1988). Dover sole are demersal and have a complex life history that includes an extended pelagic larval phase of one year or more (Pearcy et al., 1977; Markle et al., 1992; Toole et al., 1993; Butler et al., 1996) and an ontogenetic migration range from continental shelf to continental slope (Jacobson and Hunter, 1993). Dover sole support an important commercial fi shery off the coasts of Washington, Oregon, and California, where annual landings have averaged about 12,000 t during 1956–96 (Brodziak et al., 1997). Previous research on life history parameters of Dover sole off the west coast of the United States was conducted during the late 1940s and the 1980s. Hagerman (1952) estimated growth, maturation rates, and lengthweight curves of Dover sole from commercial fi shery samples collected from the ports of Eureka and Fort Bragg, California during 1948–49. Harry (1959) estimated maturation rates of Dover sole from commercial fi shery samples collected at the port of Astoria, Oregon, during 1948–49. More recently, Hunter Variation in life history parameters of Dover sole, Microstomus pacifi cus, off the coasts of Washington, Oregon, and northern California
Embryological Studies in the Orchidaceae. II. Embryogeny

Observations -202 Polyembryony and apomixis 219 Pollination -202 Fruit ---------------------. ----221 Embryogeny 204 Seed -221 Seed 208 Embryological tendencies in the Carpellary wall 208 Orchidaceae and Embryological Discussion 209 formula --------------------222 Fertilization -209 Some systematic considerations 224 Endosperm ----210 Summary ---------------. -----------228 Embryo ---------------210 Acknowledgements --------------2-2-----229 Suspensor ------214 References -230 Classification of the orchid embryos J217
Evaluación de los coeficientes de descarga de grandes ventanas que se pueden abrir utilizando muestras a escala real en ensayos en túneles de viento

Discharge coefficients (C D ) are key input data in the evaluation of energy performance of naturally ventilated buildings. Such buildings are characterized by large openings (windows, grills, vents) for which accurate experimental data are rarely available in the literature or from manufacturers. In order to contribute with an experimental method for assessment and with new C D values from windows typically found in Brazil and Germany, this paper describes a set of experiments assessing the discharge coefficient of these windows for cross-ventilation. Experiments were carried out based on the standard BS EN 13141-1:2004 set-up in a wind-tunnel with full-scale models. The investigated sample also comprised windows whose C D values were known for the validation of the method. Results for known windows are in line with previous work. Results of discharge coefficients for innovative windows (not yet available in the literature) were found. The work reduces assumptions in natural ventilation studies, contributing to the reliability of building performance assessment .
Exploring Faculty Perceptions of Students' Characteristics at Hispanic-serving Institutions

The creation of a diverse STEM workforce has been the target of multiple initiatives that seek to broaden the participation of underrepresented minorities. Hispanic/Latinx students represent a small fraction of undergraduate engineering students, and more than half obtain their undergraduate degrees from Hispanic Serving Institutions (HSIs). Focusing efforts at these institutions has the potential to increase significantly the representation of the Latinx population in engineering. This study is part of a broader effort to identify needs and successes at existing HSIs by actively engaging with engineering educators through the use of design thinking methodologies. This paper aims to further the understanding of how educators at HSIs perceive their undergraduate students, including their assets and needs. Thirty-six engineering educators from 13 HSIs in Arizona, Florida, New Mexico, and Texas attended one of two workshops in the spring of 2018. Participants engaged in individual and group activities that helped them reflect on their students and actively design an educational innovation for their institution, using information previously gathered through interviews with students. Qualitative analysis of the data across the thirty-six educators at both workshops identified differences between how instructors describe characteristics of Latinx engineering students across regions and instructor type. The overall findings provide a set of unique characteristics of students at HSIs that can serve as the foundation for future research and future educational efforts to increase the representation of Latinx students in engineering.
Studies of the Biosynthesis of Corrinoids and Porphyrinoids. IV. Biosynthesis of Chlorophyll in Euglena gracilis

The biosynthetic pathway of chlorophylla-a formation in the photosynthetic phytoflagellate Englena gracilis was investigated by administration of 2H- and 13C-labeled precursors. L-[1-13C]Glutamate was incorporated into eight carbon atoms in the chlorophyll macrocycle via δ-aminolevulinic acid formed through the C-5 pathway. A low incorporation of D-[1-13C]glutamate was also observed. [2-13C]Glycine was preferentially incorporated into the methyl ester carbon of chlorophyll via the one-carbon metabolic pathway, but not via the Shemin pathway. Feeding experiments with 2H-, and 2H, 13C-labeled glycine yielded labeled chlorophylls, which were subjected to nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectra analyses to obtain detailed information about the biosynthetic orgin of the hydrogen atoms.
Factors of Host Plant Specificity and Artificial Diets

Introduction Ten years ago, a symposium on artificial diets would have been thought of as a subject of very limited audience. Nowadays, mass rearing and nutritional studies have become subjects of great interest and the basis of many new research programs. For example, 44 papers related to nutrition and rearing of insects were published in the Annals and the Journal of our Society, in 1966. This is four times the average (11.4 papers) of the preceding ten years. Control of insect pests with insecticides, although still highly effective, has lost some of its appeal when one considers the cumulative disadvantages of insects becoming resistant to insecticides and of insecticide residues becoming a threat to human welfare and wildlife. This has prompted to revise the methods of insect control and population management. Whether one thinks of millions of sterile males or of masses of parasites and predators being released in the natural environment to supplement the natural action of insects versus insects, the limiting factor of such programs could be the actual capability of rearing the insects on a synthetic diet. The rearing of insects requires further research on their respective basic food requirements as well as on the plant-insect or prey-predator relationships.
Biochemical profile, antioxidant capacity and allelopathic effects from five Ziziphyus spina-christi (L.) provenances growing wild in Saudi Arabia

The aim of this work was to evaluate phenolic profile, antioxidant capacity and allelopathic effects of six Ziziphyus spina-christi provenances in Saudi Arabia. Total phenols, flavonoids, tannins and antioxidant activity were evaluated. Total phenols, condensed tannins and total flavonoids were present at levels of 62.29 mg GAE/g DM, 16.69 mg CE/g DM and 15.45 μg mg QE/g DM, respectively. The high antioxidant activity (0.15 mg/ml) was noted in Mecca Road provenance. The highest germination, shoots and radicle lengths of tested species were observed in At-taif provenance. Z. spina-christi leaf extracts may be suggested in foods and pharmaceutical industries. Leaf extracts could also provide a natural herbicide with a positive impact on the environment. Provenance of Jizan, Northern Borders and Mecca Road were shown to be particularly effective in antioxidant capacity, while Provenance of Riyadh and Northern Borders shown to have the best allelopathic activity.
EFFECT OF FEEDING WITH MORINGA SEEDS ON SOME BIOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL PARAMETERS IN EXPERIMENTAL RATS

Moringa species are important multi-purpose tropical crops, as human foods and for medicine and oil production. The present investigation was carried out to determine functional properties of moringa seeds flour, and to study the effect of different technological treatments of Moringa oleifera seeds on some biological and biochemical parameters in rats. Rats were fed on basal diet containing 10% raw Moringa seeds (RMS), soaked Moringa seeds (SMS), blanched Moringa seeds (BMS), roasted Moringa seeds (TMS) or germinated Moringa seeds (GMS). After feeding period (4weeks), some nutritional parameter as well as glucose, protein, cholesterol, triglyceride in the serum and blood hemoglobin were determined. Results show that moringa seeds flour had promising functional prosperities which may be used to give benefits to many products. The data also reveal that rats fed on (GMS) and (BMS) recorded the most biological and biochemical parameters in rats. While, Feeding with a diet containing 10% (RMS) showed loss of appetite, impaired growth, small liver, pancreas, kidneys, heart and spleen compared to rats fed on the control diet. The results suggested that the consumption of M. oleifera raw mature seeds should be viewed with some caution until suitable processing methods are developed to abolish the yet unknown adverse factors.