Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
CASE STUDY: SMAVA GMBH - The search engine results ranking of an advertisement in relation to its effectiveness

Author(s) Manninen, Eero Markus Type of publication Bachelor’s thesis Published Spring 2019 Number of pages 35 Title of publication CASE STUDY: SMAVA GMBH The search engine results ranking of an advertisement in relation to its effectiveness Bachelor of Business Administration The purpose of this study was to understand if the case company should aim to have its advertisements in high positions on the search engine results page to improve the effectiveness of its advertisements. Research question: Is there a measurable connection between a search engine advertisement’s position on the results page, and its effectiveness? The study was done as a quantitative case study, as the author saw it as the most applicable method to evaluate a measurable relationship between the two factors mentioned above. By comparing the findings of the previous studies on the subject, against the observations made during the case analysis, the author investigated whether the theories presented in the prior researches held right in the author’s case. The findings suggest that clickthrough rates decrease with the position, which confirms the theory that most of the search engine users prefer clicking on the advertisements located at the top of the results page. However, contrary to the common notion, when comparing the position and the conversion rates, a more significant percentage of the people that clicked on the advertisement at the lower positions ended up converting. In the case company’s case, conversion refers to a completed online loan application. Furthermore, the conversions and the costs of the case company’s’ advertisements were heavily biased towards the highest positions of the search engine results page. Therefore, it would be challenging to get a similar volume of conversions in the lower positions. However, in order to avoid paying for clicks that won’t result to value gained for the company, the case company should focus less on the clickthrough rates. Instead, the study results suggest that the case company should consider conversion rates and cost per conversion rates when determining the optimal ranking for a given advertisement.
Excited State Chemistry of the Ferrocyanide Ion in Aqueous Solution. I. Formation of the Hydrated Electron

Excitation of the Fe(CN)64− ion in aqueous solution into the 1T1u or 1T2g excited singlet state, below 313 nm, leads to hydrated electron formation in competition with internal conversion to the lowest excited singlet 1T1g state. The limiting quantum yield of hydrated electron formation is a linear function of quantum energy between 313 and 228 nm, reaching φe≃ 0.9 at 228 and 214 nm. Above 313 nm hydrated electron formation is not observed, but photoaquation is. Dependence of Φe on scavenger (N2O) concentration is observed. The involvement of CTTS character in the process, and the role of rapid solvent rearrangement in the dissociation of the excited state, are discussed.
Biodegradation of aromatic compounds in a self-cycling fermenter (SCF)

The Self-cycling fermentation (SCF) technique was applied to the biodegradation of several aromatic compounds by Pseudomonas putida and Pseudomonas fluorescens. The SCF technique was shown to have several advantages over the sequential batch reactor and other methods of biodegradation. The SCF technique allowed stable and repeatable performance over an extended period of time, with almost complete substrate consumption. The system was flexible and easily adapted to changes in concentration and/or type of substrate. The rates of consumption were considerably higher than reported for any other biodegradation technique. On a applique la technique de fermentation auto-cyclee (SCF) a la biodegradation de plusieurs composes aromatiques par Pseudomonas putida et Pseudomonas fluorescens. On montre que cette technique possede plusieurs avantages sur les methodes en reacteur discontinu sequentiel et les autres methodes de biodegradation. La technique SCF permet une performance stable et renouvelable sur une periode de temps prolongee et avec une consommation du substrat presque complete. Le systeme est flexible et s'adapte facilement aux changements dans la concentration ou le type de substrat. Les vitesses de consommation sont considerablement plus elevees que celles signalees pour toute autre technique de biodegradation.
Structure of polyacrylic acid and polymethacrylic acid solutions : a small angle neutron scattering study

The intensity scattered from polyacrylic acid and polymethacrylic acid solutions has been measured by small angle neutron scattering experiments. The influence of polymer concentration, ionization degree, temperature and salt content has been investigated. Results are in qualitative agreement with a model which predicts the existence of microphases in the unstable region of the phase diagram. Quantitative comparison with the theory is performed by fitting the theoretical structure factor to the experimental data. For a narrow range of ionization degrees nearly quantitative agreement with the theory is found for the polyacrylic acid system
Molybdenum and Copper Uptake by Forage Grasses and Legumes Grown on a Metal‐Contaminated Sludge Site

Abstract Wastes applied to agricultural land can contain significant concentrations of bioavailable molybdenum (Mo). Because Mo uptake by forage crops could lead to hypocuprosis in ruminants, more knowledge is needed about which crops are most efficient in accumulating Mo. At an old sewage sludge‐amended site, the concentrations of Mo, copper (Cu), and several other trace metals were measured in various grass species. Generally, the grasses grown on the sludge site contained higher Mo concentrations than the same species grown on a nearby control site. However, because Cu concentrations were also higher in the sludge‐grown grasses, Cu:Mo ratios in the grasses were frequently higher on the sludge site. In contrast, all legumes tested (alfalfa, birdsfoot trefoil, red clover, pea), as well as canola and beets, had lower Cu:Mo ratios when grown on the sludge site. Sulfur concentrations in the two crops analyzed for this element (canola and pea) were higher on the sludge site than the control. It is concluded that Mo, Cu, and sulfur (S) bioavailability remains elevated in the soil several decades after sewage sludge application.
Photofragment fluorescence as an analytical technique: application to gas-phase alkali chlorides

Photodissociation of gas-phase compounds using a laser at suitably short ultraviolet wavelengths can produce electronically excited photofragments. Detection of fluorescence from these excited fragments, particularly atomic fragments, allows sensitive and quantitative density measurements while signal strength as a function of dissociation laser wavelength allows differentiation between compounds that yield the same photofragment. Application of the technique to the detection of gas-phase alkali compounds is discussed and the results of experiments to detect sodium and potassium chlorides are presented.
Seed vigor and boron and calcium nutrition influence oilseed rape germinability and seedling growth under salt stress

ABSTRACT The beneficial effects of boron (B) and calcium (Ca) nutrition on pea seed germinability under salinity stress have recently been shown. However, nothing is known about the influence of seed vigor status on these results, especially in oilseed rape as an important oil crop worldwide. Therefore, an experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of seed vigor, boron and calcium nutrition on seed germinability, seedling growth, and some biochemical characteristics of oilseed rape seedlings under salinity. In spite of promotive effects of application of both boron and calcium nutrition on oilseed rape germinability and seedling growth, there was a more significant promotion on germination rate of high vigor seeds. Proline content and guaiacol peroxidase activity of seedlings were significantly increased by adding supplemental boron to the medium compared to the control. Finally, it can be concluded that boron and calcium nutrition would improve the salt tolerance capability of oilseed rape seedlings from vigorous seeds, at least in the early plant development.
Environmental conditions and chemical response of a transplanted lichen to an urban area

Abstract The fruticose lichen Ramalina ecklonii (Spreng.) Mey. and Flot was transplanted to 28 biomonitoring sites in Cordoba, Argentina. Pigments, hydroperoxy conjugated dienes, malondialdehyde, soluble protein and sulphur were quantified in the lichen samples. The biomonitoring sites were determined according to different environmental conditions: traffic, industries, buildings, trees and altitude. Redundancy analysis (RDA) was applied to detect the variation of the pattern on the lichen variables that can be «best» explained by the environmental variables considered. The quantified chemical parameters that showed variations were sulphur accumulation, phaeophytin a concentration, soluble protein concentration and the phaeophytin a /chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b /chlorophyll a ratios. The biomonitor chemical response was associated with the emission sources in the area, and also with some of the environmental variables such as the presence of trees, buildings and altitude, that affect the spread of pollutants.
Transport of 222Rn using the regional model REMO: a detailed comparison with measurements over Europe

Abstract The 222Rn concentration simulated by the regional atmospheric model REMO over Europe and western Siberia is compared to in-situ records in Europe, and discussed in the context of site effects for stations that are also part of a CO2 observing network. The REMO model has a limited spatial domain, forced at its lateral boundaries with meteorological fields of the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts and with tracer concentrations issued from the TM3 global transport model. The modelled 222Rn field is compared to measurements at six stations: two coastal ones (Atlantic Ocean and Baltic Sea), two low-elevation sites in plains, one mountain station and one high-altitude station. We show that the synoptic and diurnal 222Rn variability as simulated by REMO (55 km by 55 km) is realistic. In some cases REMO performs better than TM3, which is of coarser resolution, but this is not always true. At Mace Head, a station located near the western edge of the REMO domain, we show that the 222Rn “baseline” concentration is strongly influenced by boundary conditions, reflecting 222Rn transport from North America across the Atlantic Ocean. At Schauinsland, a mountain station in south-western Germany, even though the spatial resolution of REMO is not fine enough to reproduce transport processes induced by local topography, a fairly good agreement between model and measurements can be obtained, provided that one can determine from comparison of observed and modelled diurnal temperature changes which layer of the model is suitable for comparison with the data. Finally, the implications of modelling 222Rn are discussed here in the broader context of interpreting site effects that may also affect CO2 continental observations in Europe.
Dielectric constants, viscosities, and related physical properties of several substituted liquid ureas at various temperatures

(36) Steele. L. R. , Geankoplis, C. J., AlChf J., 5, 178 (1959). (37) Steinberger, R. L. , Treybal. R. E. , ibid., 6, 227 (1960). (38) Stephen, H. , Stephen, T. , "Solubilities of Inorganic and Organic Compounds", Pergamon Press, New York, N.Y. , 1963. (39) Topiey. E. Whytlawgray. R. Phil. Mag. , 4, 873 (1927). (40) Tripathi. G. Singh, S. K. , Upadhyay, S. N. , Ind. J. Techno/. , 9 (1971). (41) Upadhyay, S. N. , Tripathi. G. J. Chem. fng. Data, 20, 20 (1975). (42) Vliet, G. C. , Leppert, G. , J. Heat Transfer, 83, 163 (1961). (43) White, R. R. Churchill, S. W. , AlChEJ. , 5, 354 (1959). (44) Wilke, C. R. , Chang, P. ibid., 1, 264(1955). 1974.
Experimental fluoridation of nanocrystalline apatite

Abstract Biological apatite, i.e., the major component of teeth and bones, is a widely available source of nanocrystalline apatite. More information is needed about its chemical reactivity in the environment. In the present study, wafers of cross-sectioned dentin and enamel from a modern horse tooth were soaked in phosphate-buffered solutions with NaF concentrations ranging from 0.01 to 2 molar for periods of up to 14 days at about 19.5 °C. The samples were removed at intervals and analyzed by Raman microprobe spectroscopy. Additional, real-time, in-situ Raman spectroscopic analyses were made on some samples during their fluoridation reaction, using an immersible probe. All spectra were deconvolved and their spectral components analyzed for band position, width, and area. Spectral modeling indicates that fluoridation occurred by a kinetically controlled dissolution-reprecipitation process-bioapatite grains partially dissolved and released Ca and P to the F-bearing solution, which caused essentially end-member fluorapatite to nucleate and precipitate, gradually replacing some of the original bioapatite. The replacement process, i.e., fluoridation of the sample, progresses due to the difference in solubility between bioapatite and (highly insoluble) fluorapatite. The bioapatite in (more soluble) dentin reacted much faster and to a much greater extent than that in (less soluble) enamel. These results have implications for paleoenvironmental reconstruction based on the geochemistry of fossil teeth, heavy-metal remediation in soils and water through addition of phosphate phases, and the recommended methods for dental fluoridation in humans.
Assessing surface fluxes of CO2 and CH4 in urban environment: a reconnaissance study in Krakow, Southern Poland

Regular observations of atmospheric mixing ratios of CO2 and CH4, combined with sodar measurements of the mixing layer height in the lower troposphere were used to assess night-time surface fluxes of these gases in the urban environment (Krakow, southern Poland). The measurements performed over the 4-yr period (May 2005–May 2009) revealed a distinct seasonality of surface night-time fluxes of CO2, with the minimum of ca. 2 mmol m-2 h-1 during winter months and the maximum of ca. 20 mmol m-2 h-1 observed during summer months. The observed seasonality was induced by the biospheric component (soil respiration) which dominates the measured surface CO2 fluxes during summer months. The surface fluxes of CH4 scatter between ca. 50 and 200 ¼mol m.2 h.1, without clear seasonal trend. Significant flux of CH4 into the atmosphere (mean value over the whole observation period equal to ca. 97 ¼mol m-2 h-1), indicates a presence of relatively strong methane source on the investigated area. This source is linked to methane leakages from the city gas distribution network.
New Insights into Lignin Modification During Chlorine Dioxide Bleaching Sequences (I): Chlorine Dioxide Delignification

Abstract Chlorine dioxide delignification (D0) modifies kraft residual lignin by oxidizing phenolic groups to both quinonoid and muconic structures. Results from various in situ analyses (i.e., kappa/Klason lignin, methanol, and methoxyl group analyses) demonstrated that the D0 stage preferentially oxidizes phenolic entities to quinones over muconic structures in ∼2:1 ratio (1.7 mmol/g lignin vs. 0.8 mmol/g lignin), respectively. The level of quinones detected by these in situ methods was significantly higher than those determined by the NMR analysis of isolated D0 residual lignin. It was discovered that the acidic procedure used to isolate the oxidized lignin for NMR analysis chemically eliminated the majority of quinonoid structures, which resulted in lower amounts of quinones detected. This study clearly indicates that quinones are a significant reaction product formed during the D0 stage. #Dedicated to Drs. Donald R. Dimmel and Thomas J. McDonough on their retirement from the Institute of Paper Science and Technology.
An efficient synthesis of functionalized 3-(hetaryl)pyrazoles

An efficient synthesis of novel 3-heteroaryl-pyrazoles, which have not been reported hitherto, is described via reactions of ethyl 3-[(E)-3-(N,N-dimethylamino)acryloyl]-1-(4-chlorophenyl)-5phenyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxylate with hydrazine hydrate, hydroxylamine, various heterocyclic amines, active methylene compounds and diazotized heterocyclic amines. The structures of the compounds prepared were determined by spectral and elemental analyses and alternative syntheses wherever possible.
Bilayer Surfactant Stabilized Magnetic Fluids: Synthesis and Interactions at Interfaces

Aqueous magnetic fluids were synthesized by a sequential process involving the chemical coprecipitation of Fe(II) and Fe(III) salts with ammonium hydroxide (NH4OH) followed by resuspension of the ultrafine particles in water using fatty acids. This procedure produced Fe3O4 nanoparticles stabilized against agglomeration by bilayers of n-alkanoic acids with 9−13 carbons encapsulating the metal particles. The magnetic properties and particle size and size distributions of these magnetic fluids, characterized by transmission electron microscopy and superconducting quantum interference device, indicated the formation of single-domain nanoparticles of mean diameter ∼9.3 and ∼7.5 nm, respectively; the difference in values determined by the two methods implies the presence of a nonmagnetic layer on the particle surface. Thermogravimetric analysis measurements showed the existence of two distinct populations of surfactants on the particle surface, each having surfactant coverage of ∼21−24 A2/molecule, that was con.
Sodium potassium niobate (K0.5Na0.5NbO3, KNN) thick films by electrophoretic deposition

K0.5Na0. 5NbO3 (KNN) is one of the most promising lead free compositions to substitute lead based piezoelectrics. Due to size and functionality demands, thick films are currently required for specific electroceramics applications. However, what is lacking is the exploitation of low cost, solution-based processes for the fabrication of KNN thick films that are versatile and easy to scale up, such as electrophoretic deposition (EPD). In this article, KNN thick films with thicknesses ranging from 10–60 μm, prepared by EPD on platinum substrates, are reported. The films are made from acetone with triethanolamine suspension media. When sintered at 1100 °C/2 h they possess relative permittivity and dielectric loss of ∼393 and ∼0.07, respectively, at room temperature and at 1 MHz. KNN films show piezoelectric response (d33) of ~40 pC N−1. It is notable that such values are comparable to the properties of equivalent bulk ceramics. The study of the relationships between processing variables and the films' properties shows that, through a simple and yet low cost process such as EPD, thick KNN films can be consistently designed to be suited to the required application. These results suggest that this fabrication method is very promising as a core technology for low-cost and high-performance KNN thick films.
Verification of STIV analysis of flood discharge at Nakano observatory in the Ota River by flow analysis using ALB data

Flooded river discharge has been measured using floating rods in Japan for reasons of cost-efficiency and feasibility. However, recent severe flood conditions that surpass planned severity pose new challenges for measurement with human works. For such practical issues related to river engineering, non-contact type measurement methods using cost-efficient devices and improved algorithms for flow analysis have been developed. These methods are anticipated for wider use in practical works of data acquisition for both river channel planning and disaster reduction. Nevertheless, their applicability must be verified and improved for various river conditions. We conducted flow measurements using space-time image velocimetry (STIV) analysis at Nakano Observatory in the Ota River in Japan during heavy rainfall in July 2018. Results revealed that the hourly discharge values obtained using an H–Q rating curve were overestimated by approximately 10 percent compared to those obtained using the present STIV analysis. Therefore, this study examined the accuracy of the present STIV analysis for river discharge estimation during flooding, using numerical simulation results and water level observations. First, we obtained data for both the topo-bathymetry and vegetation properties within the targeted reach from airborne laser bathymetry (ALB) measurement results. Secondly, we conducted numerical simulations of the flood flows using discharge hydrography of two kinds: The rating curve and the STIV analysis. Finally, we compared simulated water levels with observations made during flooding. Results demonstrated that the STIV analysis provides more accurate discharge data than data shown by the rating curve.
Cold tolerance, yield, and fruit quality of ‘d'Anjou’ pears influenced by nitrogen fertilizer rates and time of application

Abstract Low and moderate rates of ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3) fertilizer were applied in late winter or late summer to mature ‘d'Anjou’ pear (Pyrus communis, L.) trees (planted 1963, 1965) from 1976 to 1994. Data on cold tolerance, nutrition, yield and fruit quality in relation to nitrogen (N) fertilization were collected between 1980 and 1988. Early autumn cold tolerance was higher for trees receiving low N rates versus moderate N rates in either late winter or late summer. In late autumn and early winter, cold tolerance increased for all trees, and little difference in winter hardiness existed for any N treatment. By mid‐winter, cold tolerance was higher for trees receiving the moderate rate of N in late winter versus low N in late summer. Cold tolerance was relatively high throughout autumn and winter freeze‐test periods for trees fertilized with low N in late winter. Tree vigor, fruit size, leaf N, and fruit N were highest for trees receiving the late winter, moderate rate of N. Yield was lowest, but f.
Considerations on contamination of groundwater by waste disposal systems in Nigeria

Abstract The interdependence of water quality parameters with distance from polluting sources and depth of twenty four native wells in Abeokuta, Nigeria is examined in this study. In gross features, the bacteriological quality as monitored by coliform counts showed significant negative correlation of 0.74 and 0.60 with distance from polluting source and depth of well respectively. Most of the wells examined had construction defects and there was evidence of faecal contamination. The results highlight possible environmental impacts of lapses in construction and obvious contamination of this popular water systems. The study probably highlights the much needed awareness on the part of local residents and environmental health authorities to curb dangers inherent in poor sanitation and consumption of contaminated groundwater. The results could serve as a basis for planning and policy formulation on environmental sanitation, drainage systems, native well siting, construction, finishing and maintenance.
Facile Synthesis of Highly π-Extended Heteroarenes, Dinaphtho[2,3-b:2‘,3‘-f]chalcogenopheno[3,2-b]chalcogenophenes, and Their Application to Field-Effect Transistors

A facile three-step synthetic procedure for highly π-extended heteroarenes, dinaphtho[2,3-b:2‘,3‘-f]thieno[3,2-b]thiophene (DNTT) and dinaphtho[2,3-b:2‘,3‘-f]selenopheno[3,2-b]selenophene (DNSS), was established. Solution UV−vis spectra and electrochemistry indicated that they have relatively low-lying HOMO levels and large HOMO−LUMO energy gaps. OFET devices fabricated with evaporated thin-films of DNTT and DNSS showed excellent FET characteristics in air, and the highest field-effect mobility of DNTT- and DNSS-based OFETs is 2.9 and 1.9 cm2 V-1 s-1, respectively.