Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Spatial Distribution and Determinant Factors of Intimate Partner Violence Among Reproductive age Group Women in Ethiopia; Generalized Structural Equation Modeling

Background: Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) is the most serious and pervasive yet under recognized human rights violation in the world as well as in Ethiopia. The objective of this study was to find the spatial distribution of IPV and its determinant factors in Ethiopia. Methods: Secondary data analysis was conducted among 2,687 reproductive age group women (15–49 years). The distribution of IPV across the country was observed by ArcGIS software. In SaTScan software, the Bernoulli model was fitted by Kulldorff methods to identify the purely spatial clusters of IPV. Generalized Structural Equation Model (GSEM) was used to determine factors associated with each domain of IPV (physical, emotional & sexual violence). Result: The spatial distribution of IPV was found to be clustered in Ethiopia with Global Moran’s I 0.09 (p < 0.001) and the highest IPV cluster was observed in Oromia (p < 0.001), Somali (p < 0.001) and Southern Nation and Nationality and Peoples (SNNP) (p < 0.001) regions . Watching television and not having attitudes toward wife beating were negatively associated with physical violence. Being richest and nonsmoker were inversely associated with emotional violence. The odds of experiencing sexual violence were increased among pregnant and wife of uneducated husband/partner. Women’s decision-making autonomy and husband/partner drinking alcohol have positive and negative association with all domains of IPV respectively. Conclusions: There was a significant clustering of IPV in Ethiopia and the highest IPV cluster was observed in Oromia, Somali and SNNP regions. Being richest, watching television, not having attitudes toward wife beating, women’s decision autonomy and husband’s/partner’s high education and non-alcohol drinker status were negatively associated with IPV. The likelihood of experiencing IPV was also increased among smoker and pregnant women. We recommend that improving the economic status of the household and power of women's decision autonomy, increasing community awareness about the consequences of IPV with particular emphasis in Oromia, Somali and SNNP regions.
Numerical Investigation of Low-Aspect-Ratio Wings at Low Reynolds Numbers

A numerical analysis is performed to study the flow around low-aspect-ratio (LAR) wings and more particularly the resulting lift-and-drag force. The research is focused on low-Reynolds-number aerodynamics, as LAR wings are crucial for the development of microair vehicles (MAVs). The flow around LAR wings is characterized by complex three-dimensional flow phenomena. These phenomena include wing-tip vortices, flow separation and reattachment, laminar to turbulent transition, and a mutual interaction among these phenomena. The flow is studied using a commercial computational fluid dynamics (CFD) program and a strip method. The CFD code is used to investigate the three-dimensional flow aerodynamics of rectangular LAR wings with an aspect ratio between 0.5 and 2 at a Reynolds number of 1 x 10 5 . Simulations on a flat plate and a reflex-type low-Reynolds-number profile (S5010), which is representative for a flying-wing MAV, are performed and compared. Experimental data is used for comparison and validation. The effects of flow separation and low Reynolds numbers are further investigated using a strip method. Two accurate formalized methods to predict lift and drag are derived. The first method is applicable to profiled wings with moderate low-Reynolds-number effects. The second method, which is based on the strip method, is more general and is also applicable to flat plates and wings exhibiting large regions of flow separation.
Screening and Partial Characterization of Natural Antioxidants from Seaweeds Collected From, Rameshwaram Southeast Coast of India

The aim of this work is to estimate in-vitro antioxidant activities such as total antioxidant capacity, free radicals (DPPH) scavenging activity, hydrogen peroxides (H2 O2 ) scavenging activity, total reducing power scavenging activity and total phenols, of various extracts of seaweeds such as aqueous, acetone, ethanol, methanol, and pigments content by spectrophotometric method, of 33 seaweeds species among which 11 Chlorophyta, 11 Phaeophyceae and 11 Rhodophyta, collected during 2016 from two stations viz. Olaikuda and Vadakkadu, at Rameshwaram, southeast coast of India. Among four different extracts aqueous extracts from all seaweeds had minimum activity than acetone, methanol and ethanol. The Rhodophyta and Phaeophyceae had high antioxidant activity in comparing to Chlorophyta. The highest total antioxidant activity was found in acetone extract from Turbinaria decurrens (98.97±0.00%), followed by its methanol extract (98.81±0.60%) and ethanol extract (98.58±0.53%). The highest reducing power and H2 O2 scavenging activity were found in acetone extract of Caulerpa racemosa (383.25±1.04%), and methanol extract from Caulerpa racemosa var. macrophysa (24.91±0.49%). The methanol extract from Caulerpa scalpelliformis contained the highest total phenol (85.23±0.12%). The Chloro-a and Chloro-b contents were the highest in Gracilaria foliifera (13.69±0.38% mg/gm dry wt.) and Caulerpa racemosa var. macrophysa (9.12 ±0.12% mg/gm dry wt.) likewise carotenoid was also the highest in Gracilaria foliifera (0.054±0.0003% mg/gm dry wt.) and Caulerpa racemosa var. macrophysa (0.04 ±0.002% mg/gm dry wt.). The partial characterization of the extract which contents the highest activity was done by UV-Visible Spectrophotometer, FTIR, and NMR. The functional groups and all the possible compounds present in the extract were partially characterized. It can be concluded from this study, that some seaweed extract can be used for natural antioxidant production, after further characterization to negotiate the side effect of synthetic, market available antioxidants.
The Four-Type Negotiation Matrix: A Model for Assessing Negotiation Processes

A model of the negotiation process is developed and applied to a sample of negotiation cases through qualitative meta-analysis. Key findings revealed a two-dimensional matrix comprising the entire negotiation process, and suggest that value creation strategies should be used for both parties in such transactions to achieve mutual benefits. This article is intended to provide scholars with a new perspective and taxonomy on the negotiation dimensions, and implications of these findings for managerial practice are discussed.
Structure of a Tc holotoxin pore provides insights into the translocation mechanism

Significance Tc toxin complexes are virulence factors of many bacteria, including insect and human pathogens. Tc toxins are promising candidates for potential biopesticides as alternatives to Bacillus thuringiensis toxins. We report 2 high-resolution cryo-EM structures of a Tc holotoxin embedded in the membrane. These structures, along with biochemical studies, contribute to our understanding of key steps of the prepore-to-pore transition, membrane insertion, and toxin translocation mechanisms of this biotechnologically relevant type of bacterial toxin. Our study provides important insights into the mechanism of action of Tc toxins and can serve as a strong foundation for the development of biopesticides. Tc toxins are modular toxin systems of insect and human pathogenic bacteria. They are composed of a 1.4-MDa pentameric membrane translocator (TcA) and a 250-kDa cocoon (TcB and TcC) encapsulating the 30-kDa toxic enzyme (C terminus of TcC). Binding of Tc toxins to target cells and a pH shift trigger the conformational transition from the soluble prepore state to the membrane-embedded pore. Subsequently, the toxic enzyme is translocated and released into the cytoplasm. A high-resolution structure of a holotoxin embedded in membranes is missing, leaving open the question of whether TcB-TcC has an influence on the conformational transition of TcA. Here we show in atomic detail a fully assembled 1.7-MDa Tc holotoxin complex from Photorhabdus luminescens in the membrane. We find that the 5 TcA protomers conformationally adapt to fit around the cocoon during the prepore-to-pore transition. The architecture of the Tc toxin complex allows TcB-TcC to bind to an already membrane-embedded TcA pore to form a holotoxin. Importantly, assembly of the holotoxin at the membrane results in spontaneous translocation of the toxic enzyme, indicating that this process is not driven by a proton gradient or other energy source. Mammalian lipids with zwitterionic head groups are preferred over other lipids for the integration of Tc toxins. In a nontoxic Tc toxin variant, we can visualize part of the translocating toxic enzyme, which transiently interacts with alternating negative charges and hydrophobic stretches of the translocation channel, providing insights into the mechanism of action of Tc toxins.
The Prevalence of Stress and Its Possible Association with Demographic Features: A Cross Sectional Study

Background: Medical professionals are prone to different forms of stress. These stresses start right from the beginning of medical professions. Most of the time such stresses have a negative impact on the psychological and physiological health. Objectives: To assess the prevalence of stress among medical students. To identify the possible stressors in medical students. Methods: The present study was a cross-sectional one carried out for a period of one month in Nov 2017 among medical students of 6th & 7th semesters. Assessment of stress was done using Medical Student Stress Questionnaire (MSSQ). The test of association was applied between the level of stress and sociodemographic profile of the participants. Result: A total of 122 students participated in the study. The prevalence of moderate to severe stress was 55.7%. It was more in female students compared with their male counterparts. There was no statistically significant difference in the levels of stress between male and female students among different stressors. Statistically significant association was noted between Academic Related Stressor and sex of the participants and fathers’ occupation. Significant association was also noted between Teaching and Learning Related Stressor and fathers’ occupation. Reliability analysis showed that overall Cronbach’s alpha for MSSQ for Indian students was 0.907. Conclusion: Moderate to severe stress is common among medical students and more common in female students. Most common source of these stresses is academic related issues. Fathers’ occupation is also a potential source of stress. Keywords: PSYCHOLOGICAL STRESS, DEMOGRAPHIC FACTOR, MEDICAL STUDENTS
Experimental Investigations Into the Nonuniform Flow in a 4-Stage Turbine With Special Focus on the Flow Equalization in the First Turbine Stage

Control stage turbines are in widespread use to control turbine power output in power generation and industrial applications. Depending on the point of operation and the turbine design the inflow to the multi-stage turbine is highly non-uniform. It is important to know how the inhomogeneities in mass flow and temperature distribution develop and attenuate inside a multistage flow passage. The object of this study is to experimentally measure and report the inhomogeneous flow structure and attenuation in a multistage turbine, especially in the first turbine stage. In a scaled down original turbine consisting of a control stage with cross-over channel and a 4-stage turbine velocities, pressures and temperatures are extensively measured at the 360° circumference at the inlet, within the first stage and at the outlet of the multistage turbine part. By closing a 20% sector of the control stage a circumferential flow inhomogeneity with significant pressure, velocity and temperature gradients is created at the inlet of the multistage turbine. For analyzing the equalization of the mass flow distribution in the first stage, the experimental results are normalized with a reference case at full admission in order to separate flow phenomena created by the turbine geometry. The results show that the flow inhomogeneity at the inlet of the multistage part is significant, but the flow is basically equalized after the third stage. Most of the flow equalization takes place within the first turbine stage while the guide vane is the main driver for this process. In opposite to this the temperature inhomogeneity does not attenuate significantly within the multistage turbine part.Copyright © 2003 by ASME
An Anti-Swing and Positioning Controller for Overhead Cranes Based on Multi-Sliding Mode Method

Overhead cranes are essentially a kind of complex underactuated nonlinear mechanical systems, and it is a challenge to design an anti-swing controller for overhead cranes, hence, many people design controllers of overhead cranes ignoring the changing of the rope length and other parameters. In this study, we propose a multi-sliding mode controller to solve the problem of anti-swing and positioning controller for an overhead crane with rope length variations. This controller can provide a simultaneous trolley-position regulation, sway suppression, and load hoisting control. Also, this paper adopts a new method to decrease the chattering of the control input. Stability analysis of the proposed controller is given in the paper. The proposed controller does not rely on the accurate knowledge of overhead crane system model, and it is simple and easy to apply, and robust to disturbances. The simulation results show the good performance of the proposed controller.
Measurement and Analysis of Temperature Dependent Resistance of La0.67Ca/Sr0.33MnO3 CMR Samples Using LabVIEW

In this paper we report design of one virtual instrument for the measurement of resistance as a function of temperature. The program has been developed using the National Instruments’ graphical programming language ‘LabVIEW’ and has been run for the measurement of magnetoresistance of some colossal magnetoresistive (CMR) compounds, .
GaAs MESFET modeling and nonlinear CAD

Equivalent circuit modeling techniques are described for both small-signal and large-signal models of GaAs MESFETs. The use of large-signal model in an interactive program for amplifier analysis is shown. The computed load-pull results and IMD (intermodulation distortion) predictions are shown to be in good agreement with measured data at 10 GHz. >
3D FE Analysis of Flexible Pavement with Geosynthetic Reinforcement

A series of finite element (FE) simulations are carried out to evaluate the benefits of integrating a high modulus geosynthetic into the pavement foundation. The simulations are conducted under a parametric study to investigate the beneficial effects of geosynthetic reinforcement to the fatigue and rutting strain criteria, and to determine how such effects are influenced by the base quality and thickness as well as the subgrade quality. Three locations of the geosynthetic reinforcement are studied, namely the base–asphalt concrete interface, the base–subgrade interface, and inside the base layer at a height of 1/3 of its thickness from the bottom. It is found that placing the geosynthetic reinforcement at the base–asphalt concrete interface leads to the highest reduction of the fatigue strain (46–48%). The placement of geosynthetic reinforcement in thin bases is particularly effective; the highest decrease of rutting strain (16–34%) occurs when the reinforcement is placed at a height of 1/3 of the base th.
Five small secrets to systems success

A pervasive theme today regarding the performance of new systems is "many systems are technical successes, but organizational failures. " Systems that are well designed often fail to meet user expectations at implementation. This paper details and analyzes the implementation of a major operations support system at a large U.S. firm that fits this theme. Measurements of success from a quasi-experiment are used to accurately measure user performance and user expectations pre and post system implementation. These measurements offer solid proof that the system achieved key user defined objectives. And yet, the system is widely viewed as a failure. This paper highlights the "organizational chaos" that "technically successful" systems often cause in user organizations when the Systems Delivery process how systems are delivered to users is ineffectual. In effect, systems are dropped off at the users' doorsteps. A prescriptive model using five key guidelines is proposed for effective management of the Systems Delivery process. These five relatively small secrets can save corporations millions in investment dollars, reduce negative impacts to customer service and enhance employee morale and systems acceptance.
Chemical Weathering of Crystalline Rocks in the Catchment Area of Acidic Ticino Lakes, Switzerland

Atmospheric acidic deposition introduces hydrogen ions to terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems, which become partially neutralized by chemical weathering. In the southern Alps of Switzerland, small catchments containing little or no soil and lacking carbonate minerals represent sensitive hydrological settings in which the relationship between alteration of granitic gneiss by acid deposition and the resulting composition of lake waters can be studied. Transmission and scanning electron microscopy, coupled with X-ray powder diffraction of lake sediments from such areas showed mainly unaltered minerals from parent rocks and no secondary silicate minerals. Element mapping indicated noncrystalline aluminum hydroxide as a product of the chemical weathering of silicates. Noncrystalline iron hydroxide was also observed. Mass balance calculations and the stoichiometry of suitable chemical reactions representing the weathering processes were used to derive a plausible reaction sequence on the interaction of the predominant reactive rock minerals with acid precipitation that accounted for the measured chemical composition of the acid lakes.
Service learning as scholarship: why theory-based research is critical to service learning

Service learning provides an opportunity to improve instruction for students and contribute to the quality of life in communities. This article explores the ways in which service learning also presents opportunities to conduct research and scholarly work that can improve teaching and learning, contribute to the knowledge base of disciplines and professions, enhance the public purposes of higher education, and inform communities in ways that empower them to take action. Research will be most informative when the information that is gained through data collection, whether qualitative or quantitative, is based on a solid theoretical rationale and the results are relevant to refining theoretical propositions that can guide future programme design and implementation. End Diensleer as vakkundigheid : waarom teoriegebaseerde navorsing noodsaaklik is vir diensleer Diensleer bied 'n geleentheid om onderrig aan studente te verbeter en dra by tot die lewensgehalte van gemeenskappe. Hierdie artikel verken wyses waarop diensleer ook by die volgende 'n rol kan speel: geleenthede verskaf om navorsing en vakkundige werk uit te voer wat onderrig en leer kan verbeter; kan bydra tot die kennisbasis van dissiplines en professies; die openbare doelstellings van hoer onderwys kan uitbrei; en gemeenskappe kan inlig op wyses wat hul kan bemagtig om tot aksie oor te gaan. Navorsing is by uitstek informatief wanneer inligting wat bekom word deur datainsameling, hetsy kwalitatief of kwantitatief, gebaseer is op 'n vaste teoretiese rasionaal en die resultate relevant is vir die verfyning van teoretiese proposisies wat toekomstige programontwerp en -implementering kan rig. End
Biochemical and structural comparison of spleen tyrosine kinase interaction with integrin and the immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif

Antenucci, Lina Biochemical and structural comparison of spleen tyrosine kinase interaction with integrin and the immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif Jyväskylä: University of Jyväskylä, 2019, 62 p. (JYU Dissertations ISSN 2489-9003; 63) ISBN 978-951-39-7691-0 (PDF) Integriinien ja immunoreseptoreiden rooli pernan tyrosiinikinaasin säätelyssä Diss. Spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk) is a non-receptor tyrosine kinase involved in many different signalling pathways activated by immunoreceptors and integrins. The Syk activation mediated by phosphorylated Immunoreceptor Tyrosine-based Activation Motif (pITAM) receptors involves Src homology 2 (SH2) regulatory domains leading to Syk structural rearrangements. Differently, integrin cytoplasmic domains bind to the regulatory domain of Syk and the interaction does not require the phosphorylation, but the molecular mechanism is still unknown. This work focussed on describing the mechanism of integrin-Syk interaction and on how integrins activate Syk. First, using a fluorescent-based kinetic assay we showed that the soluble integrin peptide had no detectable effect on Syk activity, whereas Syk was activated by clustered integrin peptides. This suggests that autophosphorylation is involved in the integrin-induced activation process. Clustered integrins had also a synergic effect combined with pITAM. Next, we wanted to elucidate the molecular mechanism of Syk-integrin interaction. Surface plasmon resonance techniques was used to measure the binding affinities of different Syk constructs towards the integrin peptide. The N-terminal SH2 domain (N-SH2) plus the interdomain A (IA) segment had a comparable binding affinity to the two SH2 domains, whereas N-SH2 was a weak binder. Using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, we solved the structure of the N-SH2 domain of Syk and analysed the changes on the chemical environments of the N-SH2 domain induced by the integrin peptide and pITAM. The results indicate that integrin and pITAM binding induce changes on the same surface of the protein. In line with this, surface plasmon resonance experiments showed that the integrin and pITAM peptides compete for binding to the regulatory domain of Syk. We compared the binding affinity of pITAM to N-SH2 with C-terminal SH2 (C-SH2) domains observed that NSH2 had a very low binding affinity compared to C-SH2. These studies suggest that integrin and pITAM-mediated Syk activation are independent of each other but may cause synergistic activation responses at the cellular level.