Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Single-channel speaker separation based on sub-spectrum GMM and Bayesian theory

The problem of single-channel speaker separation attempts to extract the speech signal uttered by the speaker of interest from one channel signals containing a mixture of acoustic signals. Most of current techniques failed to eliminate the interfering signal completely. In this paper, we present a new approach to solve this problem. Itpsilas an iterative separation approach based on sub-spectrum GMM and Bayesian theory. First, we obtain sub-spectrum GMM models for each speaker in the training phase. Then, separated speech signals are estimated based on Bayesian model given the mixture. Finally, an iterative separation process is used to separate out the speech signal of the speaker of interest from the mixture. Simulation results exhibit a high level of separating performance.
Hypergraph topological quantities for tagged social networks

Recent years have witnessed the emergence of a new class of social networks, which require us to move beyond previously employed representations of complex graph structures. A notable example is that of the folksonomy, an online process where users collaboratively employ tags to resources to impart structure to an otherwise undifferentiated database. In a recent paper, we proposed a mathematical model that represents these structures as tripartite hypergraphs and defined basic topological quantities of interest. In this paper, we extend our model by defining additional quantities such as edge distributions, vertex similarity and correlations as well as clustering. We then empirically measure these quantities on two real life folksonomies, the popular online photo sharing site Flickr and the bookmarking site CiteULike. We find that these systems share similar qualitative features with the majority of complex networks that have been previously studied. We propose that the quantities and methodology described here can be used as a standard tool in measuring the structure of tagged networks.
Meta-Analysis of Microsomal Epoxide Hydrolase Gene Polymorphism and Risk of Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Background Hepatocarcinogenesis is a complex process that may be influenced by many factors, including polymorphism in microsomal epoxide hydrolase (mEH). Previous work suggests an association between the Tyr113His and His139Arg mEH polymorphisms and susceptibility to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), but the results have been inconsistent. Methods PubMed, EMBASE, Google Scholar and the Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure databases were systematically searched to identify relevant studies. A meta-analysis was performed to examine the association between Tyr113His and His139Arg mEH polymorphism and susceptibility to HCC. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were calculated. Results Eleven studies were included in the meta-analysis, involving 1,696 HCC cases and 3,600 controls. The 113His- mEH allele was significantly associated with increased risk of HCC based on allelic contrast (OR = 1.35, 95% CI = 1.04–1.75, p = 0.02), homozygote comparison (OR = 1.65, 95% CI = 1.07–2.54, p = 0.02) and a recessive genetic model (OR = 1.54, 95% CI = 1.21–1.96, p<0.001), while individuals carrying the Arg139Arg mEH genotype had no association with increased or decreased risk of HCC. Conclusion The 113His- allele polymorphism in mEH may be a risk factor for hepatocarcinogenesis, while the mEH 139Arg- allele may not be a risk or protective factor. There is substantial evidence that mEH polymorphisms interact synergistically with other genes and the environment to modulate risk of HCC. Further large and well-designed studies are needed to confirm these conclusions.
Simple Wearable Eye Tracker With Mini-Infrared Point Sensors

In this study, we developed a wearable eye tracker leveraging mini-infrared point sensors. The eye tracker utilized two inexpensive mini-infrared ray (IR) point sensors to measure the left-right eye movements of both eyes. These left-right eye movements, play a crucial role in monitoring and treating mental disorders such as post-traumatic stress disorder, and are also essential in eye movement desensitization and reprocessing therapy (EMDR). The proposed eye tracker can track a user’s eye movements by detecting the left-right pupils. We developed a dual sensor positioning algorithm that measures the left-right movements of both eyes using only two sensors. The strategy of positioning the sensor symmetrically between or outside the eyes allows for the precise measurement of the movements of both eyes. To validate the proposed wearable eye tracker, we analyzed the left and right eye movements of 10 participants and found that there was no statistically significant difference. Further analysis demonstrated a high correlation between the measured eye-movement and the input eye-movement frequency (Spearman’s correlation coefficient: 0.9619). The proposed device showed the feasibility of employing a wearable and inexpensive eye tracker with only two mini-IR point sensors to accurately measure the left-right movements of both eyes.
Some comments on modeling the linearized Boltzmann equation

Some exact solutions of the homogeneous and the inhomogeneous linearized Boltzmann equation (LBE) for rigid-sphere collisions are used to de5ne two model equations in the general area of rare5ed-gas dynamics. These equations are obtained from a systematic development of two synthetic scattering kernels that yield model equations that have as exact solutions certain known exact solutions of the homogeneous and of the inhomogeneous LBE. The 5rst model established is de5ned in terms of the collisional invariants and the Chapman–Enskog integral equations for viscosity and for heat conduction. An extended model is de5ned also in terms of the collisional invariants and the Chapman–Enskog functions for viscosity and heat conduction, but the 5rst and second Burnett functions are also included in the model. The variable collision frequency or generalized BGK model is also obtained as a special case. In addition, the exact mean-free paths de5ned, for rigid-sphere collisions and the LBE, in terms of viscosity or heat conduction are employed to de5ne approximations of these quantities that are consistent with the use of the variable collision frequency model. 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
A Holomorphic 0-Surgery Model for Open Books with Application to Cylindrical Contact Homology

We give a simple model in the complex plane of the 0-surgery along a fibered knot of a closed 3-manifold M to yield a mapping torus M'. This model allows explicit relations between pseudoholomorphic curves in the symplectizations of M and M'. As an application we use it to compute the cylindrical contact homology of open books resulting from a positive Dehn twist on a torus with boundary.
Leveraging the Sensitivity of Plants with Deep Learning to Recognize Human Emotions

Recent advances in artificial intelligence combined with behavioral sciences have led to the development of cutting-edge tools for recognizing human emotions based on text, video, audio, and physiological data. However, these data sources are expensive, intrusive, and regulated, unlike plants, which have been shown to be sensitive to human steps and sounds. A methodology to use plants as human emotion detectors is proposed. Electrical signals from plants were tracked and labeled based on video data. The labeled data were then used for classification. , and the MLP, biLSTM, MFCC-CNN, MFCC-ResNet, Random Forest, 1-Dimensional CNN, and biLSTM (without windowing) models were set using a grid search algorithm with cross-validation. Finally, the best-parameterized models were trained and used on the test set for classification. The performance of this methodology was measured via a case study with 54 participants who were watching an emotionally charged video; as ground truth, their facial emotions were simultaneously measured using facial emotion analysis. The Random Forest model shows the best performance, particularly in recognizing high-arousal emotions, achieving an overall weighted accuracy of 55.2% and demonstrating high weighted recall in emotions such as fear (61.0%) and happiness (60.4%). The MFCC-ResNet model offers decently balanced results, with AccuracyMFCC−ResNet=0.318 and RecallMFCC−ResNet=0.324. Regarding the MFCC-ResNet model, fear and anger were recognized with 75% and 50% recall, respectively. Thus, using plants as an emotion recognition tool seems worth investigating, addressing both cost and privacy concerns.
The Effect of Race, Sex, and Insurance Status on Time-to-Listing Decisions for Liver Transplantation

Fair allocation of organs to candidates listed for transplantation is fundamental to organ-donation policies. Processes leading to listing decisions are neither regulated nor understood. We explored whether patient characteristics affected timeliness of listing using population-based data on 144,507 adults hospitalized with liver-related disease in Pennsylvania. We linked hospitalizations to other secondary data and found 3,071 listed for transplants, 1,537 received transplants, and 57,020 died. Among candidates, 61% (n = 1,879) and 85.5% (n = 2,626) were listed within 1 and 3 years of diagnosis; 26.7% (n = 1,130) and 95% (n = 1,468) of recipients were transplanted within 1 and 3 years of listing. Using competing-risks models, we found few overall differences by sex, but both black patients and those insured by Medicare and Medicaid (combined) waited longer before being listed. Patients with combined Medicare and Medicaid insurance, as well as those with Medicaid alone, were also more likely to die without ever being listed. Once listed, the time to transplant was slightly longer for women, but it did not differ by race/ethnicity or insurance. The early time period from diagnosis to listing for liver transplantation reveals unwanted variation related to demographics that jeopardizes overall fairness of organ allocation and needs to be further explored.
Network function virtualization enablement within SDN data plane

Software Defined Networking (SDN) can benefit a Network Function Virtualization solution by chaining a set of network functions (NF) to create a network service. Currently, control on NFs is isolated from the SDN, which creates routing inflexibility, flow imbalance and choke points in the network as the controller remains oblivious to the number, capacity and placement of NFs. Moreover, a NF may modify packets in the middle, which makes flow identification at a SDN switch challenging. In this paper, we postulate native NFs within the SDN data plane, where the same logical controller controls both network services and routing. This is enabled by extending SDN to support stateful flow handling based on higher layers in the packet beyond layers 2–4. As a result, NF instances can be chained on demand, directly on the data plane. We present an implementation of this architecture based on Open vSwitch, and show that it enables popular NFs effectively using detailed evaluation and comparison with other alternative solutions.
A Study of Spatial Variation of Maternal Health Care Services in West Bengal

In this study we identify the inter-district disparity of maternal health care use in West Bengal. We use data from the National Family Health Survey (NFHS) carried out during 2015-16 across most district in India. This study focuses on the utilization of delivery and post delivery services especially antenatal and postnatal check-up and institutional services. We have used the ArcGIS software to show the utilization of maternal health care services across the districts. We also measure the maternal health care index on the basis of four or more ANC, institutional services and PNC for showing of district wise safe motherhood status. The study indicates of maternal health care services are not same across the districts. The performance of utilization of maternal health care services is highest in Kolkata followed by Howrah, Darjeeling and Nadia and the worst performance districts are Uttar Dinajpur, Maldah, Murshidabad. The inter-district differences in utilization are likely due to differences in availability and accessibility of services among the districts. The challenge is how to make safe motherhood strategies in the future more successful. To implement evidence-based strategies and micro-level programmes planning are needed for the safe pregnancy and maternal health outcome.
Tackling Test Challenges for Interposer-Based 2.5-D Integrated Circuits

<italic>Editor’s note:</italic> 2.5-D integrated circuit (IC) is a cost-efficient alternative to through-silicon-via (TSV)-based 3-D IC. In this paper, the authors give a comprehensive summary of the testing challenges of 2.5-D ICs and their existing solutions. They then present a test architecture using e-fuses for prebond interposer testing and a method to reduce power-supply noise during the testing. <italic>—Yiran Chen, Duke University</italic>
Evaluation of interactions between CCK and GLP-1 in their effects on appetite, energy intake, and antropyloroduodenal motility in healthy men.

There is evidence that CCK and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) mediate the effects of nutrients on appetite and gastrointestinal function and that their interaction may be synergistic. We hypothesized that intravenous CCK-8 and GLP-1 would have synergistic effects on appetite, energy intake, and antropyloroduodenal (APD) motility. Nine healthy males (age 22 +/- 1 yr) were studied on four separate days in a double-blind, randomized fashion. Appetite and APD pressures were measured during 150-min intravenous infusions of 1) isotonic saline (control), 2) CCK-8 (1.8 pmol.kg(-1). min(-1)), 3) GLP-1 (0.9 pmol.kg(-1). min(-1)), or 4) both CCK-8 (1.8 pmol.kg(-1). min(-1)) and GLP-1 (0.9 pmol.kg(-1). min(-1)). At 120 min, energy intake at a buffet meal was quantified. CCK-8, but not GLP-1, increased fullness, decreased desire to eat and subsequent energy intake, and increased the number and amplitude of isolated pyloric pressure waves and basal pyloric pressure (P < 0.05). Both CCK-8 and GLP-1 decreased the number of antral and duodenal pressure waves (PWs) (P < 0.05), and CCK-8+GLP-1 decreased the number of duodenal PWs more than either CCK-8 or GLP-1 alone (P < 0.02). This was not the case for appetite or isolated pyloric PWs. In conclusion, at the doses evaluated, exogenously administered CCK-8 and GLP-1 had discrepant effects on appetite, energy intake, and APD pressures, and the effects of CCK-8+GLP-1, in combination, did not exceed the sum of the effects of CCK-8 and GLP-1, providing no evidence of synergism.
Optimization of Collective Communication Operations in MPICH

We describe our work on improving the performance of collective communication operations in MPICH for clusters connected by switched networks. For each collective operation, we use multiple algorithms depending on the message size, with the goal of minimizing latency for short messages and minimizing bandwidth use for long messages. Although we have implemented new algorithms for all MPI (Message Passing Interface) collective operations, because of limited space we describe only the algorithms for allgather, broadcast, all-to-all, reduce-scatter, reduce, and allreduce. Performance results on a Myrinet-connected Linux cluster and an IBM SP indicate that, in all cases, the new algorithms significantly outperform the old algorithms used in MPICH on the Myrinet cluster, and, in many cases, they outperform the algorithms used in IBM's MPI on the SP. We also explore in further detail the optimization of two of the most commonly used collective operations, allreduce and reduce, particularly for long messages and nonpower-of-two numbers of processes. The optimized algorithms for these operations perform several times better than the native algorithms on a Myrinet cluster, IBM SP, and Cray T3E. Our results indicate that to achieve the best performance for a collective communication operation, one needs to use a number of different algorithms and select the right algorithm for a particular message size and number of processes.
Volume contact constraints at arbitrary resolution

We introduce a new method for simulating frictional contact between volumetric objects using interpenetration volume constraints. When applied to complex geometries, our formulation results in dramatically simpler systems of equations than those of traditional mesh contact models. Contact between highly detailed meshes can be simplified to a single unilateral constraint equation, or accurately processed at arbitrary geometry-independent resolution with simultaneous sticking and sliding across contact patches. We exploit fast GPU methods for computing layered depth images, which provides us with the intersection volumes and gradients necessary to formulate the contact equations as linear complementarity problems. Straightforward and popular numerical methods, such as projected Gauss-Seidel, can be used to solve the system. We demonstrate our method in a number of scenarios and present results involving both rigid and deformable objects at interactive rates.
Analisis Tipikal Erupsi Gunung Lokon Periode Erupsi 2012-2013 Berdasarkan Karakterisasi Mikrostruktur Abu Vulkanik

Gunung Lokon yang berada di lengan utara Sulawesi adalah salah satu gunung api paling aktif di Indonesia. Perilaku erupsinya telah dipelajari melalui analisis mikrostruktur abu vulkanik. Tujuan dari karakterisasi mikrostruktur adalah untuk mengestimasi nilai dari viskositas dan permeabilitas magma. Karakterisasi mikrostruktur menggunakan XRD, FTIR, SEM/EDS/XRF dan µCT. Abu vulkanik Lokon adalah mineral polimorf yang banyak mengandung kristal plagioklase. Abu Lokon mempunyai kandungan air 0,3 -0,6 % berat dan massa dasarnya terdiri dari partikel vesikular dan non vesikular. Viskositas dari magma Lokon adalah sekitar 10 7 Pa.s pada 1000 0 C dan fraksi volume kristal sekitar 0,45-0,5. Hasil-hasil ini menunjukkan bahwa reologi magma Lokon adalah bersifat non Newtonian dan mekanisme fragmentasinya adalah brittle fragmentation. Berdasarkan pada permeabilitas dan porositas yang dikuantisasi dengan µCT dapat disimpulkan bahwa fragmentasi magmanya tidak dipicu oleh outgassing. Dinamika erupsi eksplosif dari Gunung Lokon pada 2012-2013 adalah erupsi vulkanian pada skala sedang. Lokon volcano where located on North arm of Sulawesi is one of the most active volcanoes in Indonesia. Behaviour of its eruptions have been learned through microstructure analysis of volcanic ash. The goal of microstructure characterization is estimate value of magma viscosity and permeability. Characterization of microstructure using XRD, FTIR, SEM/EDS/XRF and µCT. Lokon volcanic ash is a polymorph minerals which contains many plagioclase crystal. Ash has water content between 0.3 – 0.6 % wt and its groundmass contains vesicular and non vesicular particles. Viscosity of Lokon magma is about 10 7 Pa.s at 1000 0 C and fraction of crystal volum between 0.45-0.5. These results showed that magma rheology of Lokon is non Newtonian and the mechanism of its fragmentation is brittle fragmentation. Based on permeability and porosity that quantified by µCT, it is concluded that the brittle fragmentation is not triggered by outgassing. Dynamics of explosive eruption of Lokon volcano at 2012-2013 is moderate vulcanian eruption.
Inactivation of mdoH leads to increased expression of colanic acid capsular polysaccharide in Escherichia coli

Capsule gene (cps) expression, which normally occurs at low levels in Escherichia coli lon+ cells, increased 38-fold in lon+ cells carrying a Tn10::delta kan insertion mapping to 24 min on the E. coli chromosome. Null mutations in rcsA, rcsB, or rcsC abolished the effect of the Tn10::delta kan insertion. Sequencing of both sides of the Tn10::delta kan insertion localized the insertion to the previously reported mdoH gene, which encodes a protein involved in biosynthesis of membrane-derived oligosaccharides (MDOs). A model suggesting that the periplasmic levels of MDOs act to signal RcsC to activate cps expression is proposed.
On what basis to recommend: Changesets or interactions?

Different flavours of recommendation systems have been proposed to help software developers perform software evolution tasks. A number of these recommendation systems are based on changesets. When changeset information is used, recommendations are based on only the end result of the activity undertaken to complete a task. In this paper, we report on an investigation that compared how recommendations based on changesets compare to recommendations based on interactions collected as a programmer performed the task that resulted in a changeset. To provide a common basis for the comparison, our investigation considered how bug reports considered similar based on changeset information compare to bug reports considered similar based on interaction information. We found that there is no direct relationship between the bug reports found similar with the different methods, suggesting that each comparison methods captures a different aspect of the problem.
Participation or pedagogy ? : Ambiguities and tensions surrounding the facilitation of children as researchers

Ambiguities and tensions can arise when children are facilitated to act as ‘primary researchers’ concerning whether this is primarily to support their ‘participation’ in knowledge production and, with the knowledge produced, in relevant decision-making processes or whether it is mainly for any educational benefits. This paper considers these ambiguities and tensions theoretically and by using evidence from a study where English primary school children were supported to conduct their own research projects. It concludes that, while the boundaries between children’s research as participation and pedagogy can be ambiguous, it should not be promoted for its potential educational benefits alone.