Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Developing and Evaluating Mappings of ICD-10 and ICD-10-CM Codes to Phecodes

Objective Studies using Electronic Health Record data incorporate custom aggregations of billing codes. One such grouping is the phecode system, which was developed for phenome-wide association studies (PheWAS). Phecodes were built upon the International Classification of Diseases, version 9, Clinical Modification (ICD-9-CM). However, healthcare systems have transitioned to ICD-10/ICD-10-CM. Here we present our work on the development and validation of the mappings for ICD-10/ICD-10-CM to phecodes. Materials and Methods We mapped ICD-10/ICD-10-CM codes to phecodes by matching code descriptions and using ICD-10/ICD-10-CM to SNOMED CT maps, general equivalence maps to ICD-9-CM, and a ICD-9-CM to phecode map. We assessed the coverage of the maps in two databases: Vanderbilt University Medical Center (VUMC) using ICD-10-CM and the UK Biobank (UKBB) using ICD-10. We evaluated the validity of the ICD-10-CM map by comparing phecode prevalence between ICD-9-CM and ICD-10-CM derived phecodes at VUMC and with a PheWAS. Results We mapped >75% of ICD-10-CM and ICD-10 codes to phecodes. Of the unique codes observed in the VUMC (ICD-10-CM) and UKBB (ICD-10) cohorts, >90% were mapped to phecodes. Among the top ten phecodes in the cohorts, essential hypertension and hyperlipidemia overlapped. With regression analysis, we found that the ICD-10-CM map was comparable to the ICD-9-CM to phecode map. An initial PheWAS with a lipoprotein(a) (LPA) genetic variant using ICD-9-CM and ICD-10-CM maps yielded similar genotype-phenotype associations. Conclusions This study introduces initial maps of ICD-10/ICD-10-CM codes to phecodes, which will enable researchers to leverage accumulated ICD-10/ICD-10-CM data for high-throughput clinical and genetic research.
Expected Received Signal in Diffusive Molecular Communication With Finite Binding Receptors

This letter focuses on the diffusive molecular communication system with a reversible reactive receiver. By assuming the receiver is uniformly covered by finite receptors, a new boundary condition is proposed to model the reception reaction. In addition, an iterative approximation method is developed to model the expected received signal in this system. The simulation results verify the effectiveness of the approximation method.
Sowing time and physiological potential of bean seeds of different growth types

: This work was carried out in order to evaluate the physiological quality of common bean seeds of different types of growth, according to the sowing seasons. The treatments were arranged in 2 x 4 factorial scheme, involving two sowing seasons (dry and winter) and four genotypes (Ouro Vermelho, Ouro Negro, BRSMG Madrepérola e Manteigão Vermelho), in randomized blocks design . The seeds were initially evaluated as for water content, thousand seeds weight and physiological potential by the germination and vigor tests (first germination count, plantlets emergence in sand, emergence speed Index and electrical conductivity). The seeds of the prostrate genotypes, with type of growth III (Ouro Negro and BRSMG Madrepérola) or semi-prostate with type of growth II/III (Ouro Vermelho) present better physiological potential, regardless of the sowing season. In the crop of Summer/autumn, the sowing of bean is more suitable for producing seeds with high physiological quality in the conditions of cultivation of the north of Minas Gerais .
Growth promoter in broiler and pig production.

The pressure for reducing the use of antibiotic growth promoters (AGP) in livestock is an irreversible process, and several countries are adhering to the restrictions on AGP usage. Sweden was the first country that changed laws of AGP usage, and the USA is not only limiting AGP use but also moving towards a significant reduction of general antibiotics usage. The increasing pressure to prohibit the use of these additives is based on the possibility of allergic reactions and induction of cross-resistance of pathogenic bacterial strains in people. In broiler and pig production the AGP is used with the objective of obtaining better results of weight gain and feed conversion. However, considerable variability in performance response to AGP has been observed, contingent on genetic potential, phase of rearing, as well as hygiene and management practices. It is clear that AGP restrictions in the production of animal food are a growing process and therefore its consequences must be evaluated, including its effect on animal performance and the economic results of such restriction. Noting these considerations, the purpose of this review is to disseminate relevant information about the use of antibiotic growth promoters in broiler and pig production.
Dividend Decisions, Economic Growth and Firm’s Value of Firms Listed at Nairobi Securities Exchange Kenya

The declining and highly volatile firm value observed in the NSE over the last decade has raised concern among scholars and financial practitioners. A declining and turbulent firm value implies lost and unstable shareholders wealth which in turn increases risk to the stock holders. It is therefore important to ensure that the firm value is enhanced to ensure growth and stable wealth of the shareholders. The study was carried out to determine the effect of dividend decisions, economic growth and firms’ value of selected firms listed at Nairobi securities exchange Kenya. The target population was the 46 non-financial companies listed in the NSE. A census of all non-financial firms listed in the Nairobi Securities Exchange was done. The study utilized secondary data from financial reports as published in the NSE handbook and Kenya National Bureau of Statistics for the period between 2008 and 2016. Panel regressions analysis and Pearson’s product moment correlation analysis were used for inferential analysis while means and standard deviations were used for purposes of descriptive analysis. Feasible Generalized Least Square (FGLS) regression results indicated that dividend decisions (p=0.012, <0.05) had a statistically significant positive effect on firm value. Whisman test of moderation further indicated that GDP had significant positive moderation effect on the relationship between each of the dividend decisions and the firm value. The study concludes that; dividend yield has a very strong positive relationship with firm value. That is, increases/decreases in dividend yield will be accompanied by increases/decreases in firm value. The study therefore recommends that corporate managers increase the dividend payout in times of profitability Keywords : Dividend Decisions, Economic, Growth, Firm Value DOI: 10.7176/RJFA/11-18-06 Publication date: September 30 th 2020
Monitoring orangutan reintroduction: Results of activity budgets, diets, vertical use and associations during the first year post-release in Kehje Sewen Forest, East Kalimantan, Indonesia

Basalamah F, Utami-Atmoko SSU, Perwitasari-Farajallah D, Qayim I, Sihite J, Van Noordwijk M, Willems E, Van Schaik CP. 2018. Monitoring orangutan reintroduction: Results of activity budgets, diets, vertical use and associations during the first year postrelease in Kehje Sewen Forest, East Kalimantan, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 19: 639-650. Pongo pygmaeus morio, a subspecies of orangutan founded east Kalimantan is steadily declining and classified as endangered. A reintroduction program was recently established. We monitored the reintroduced individuals during their first year post-release at Kehje Sewen Forest in East Kalimantan to document the adjustment to their new habitat. Here, we present a report on the activity patterns, food choice, travel height, nest-building abilities and associations of six individuals ranging between eight and thirteen years old. Our results show that all individuals survived their first year. They spent most of their time feeding and had a largely frugivorous diet, similar to wild orangutans. However, although they were able to build nests, they reused or rebuilt old nests more often than expected. They also spent 16% of their total activity time on the ground, more than expected. This information will contribute to attempts to evaluate factors affecting the adjustment process, and thus optimizing future reintroduction procedures.
Nutrient composition of Algerian strawberry-tree fruits (Arbutus unedo L.)

Introduction. Arbutus unedo L. (strawberry-tree fruit) is indigenous plant in North Africa with few published works about the composition of its fruits. For their valorization, morphological and chemical characterizations were carried out for two harvesting seasons of four different areas of Algeria. Materials and methods. Wild strawberry-tree fruits were collected in four different sites located in Tell Atlas, and two different seasons. Fruit size and shape, pH, titratable acidity, moisture, total available carbohydrate (TAC), soluble sugars, dietary fiber, protein, lipid, ash, fatty acids and mineral composition (K, Na, Ca, Mg, Fe, Cu, Mn, Zn, Ni and Cd) were determined. Results and discussion. Fruit contents (in g kg) varied between 637.3 ± 33.8 to 741.3 ±12.0, 126.8 ± 11.1 to 189.3 ± 4.1, 22.6 ± 2.2 to 35.5 ± 2.1, 5.1 ± 0.3 to 8.8 ± 0.5 for moisture, TAC, protein and lipid, respectively. For iron, fruit weight and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), the contents varied between 7.01 ± 0.15 to 17.24 ± 0.74 mg kg of fruit, 4.91 ± 1.58 to 6.76 ± 2.04 g and 56.34 ± 1.37 to 68.18 ± 0.14% of lipid, respectively. Conclusion. This study provides original data about the morphological and chemical composition of strawberry-tree fruits from Algeria. The results show that the fruits can be essentially a potential source of dietary fiber, PUFA and iron.
Frobenius structures, Coxeter discriminants, and supersymmetric mechanics

This thesis contains two directions both related to Frobenius manifolds. In the first part we deal with the orbit space $M_W = V/W$ of a finite Coxeter group $W$ acting in its reflection representation $V$. The orbit space $M_W$ carries the structure of a Frobenius manifold and admits a pencil of flat metrics of which the Saito flat metric $η$, defined as the Lie derivative of the $W$-invariant form $g$ on $V$ is the key object. In the main result of the first part we find the determinant of Saito metric restricted on the Coxeter discriminant strata in $M_W$ . It is shown that this determinant in the flat coordinates of the form $g$ is proportional to a product of linear factors. We also find multiplicities of these factors in terms of Coxeter geometry of the stratum. In the second part we study $N = 4$ supersymmetric extensions of quantum mechanical systems of Calogero–Moser type. We show that for any $∨$-system, in particular, for any Coxeter root system, the corresponding Hamiltonian can be extended to the supersymmetric Hamiltonian with $D(2,1;α)$ symmetry. We also obtain $N = 4$ supersymmetric extensions of Calogero–Moser–Sutherland systems. Thus, we construct supersymmetric Hamiltonians for the root systems $BC_N$, $F_4$ and $G_2$.
The Predicting Abilities of Social Trust and Good Governance on Economic Crisis Duration

In this paper, we uncover the relationships among social trust, corruption and the duration of economic crises. Our theoretical foundation is based on a collection of studies from different academic fields, especially political science, sociology and economics. We corroborate our arguments with both descriptive analysis and regression analysis of secondary data. Our dataset includes 11,364 observations distributed across 211 countries. The quantitative findings show that social trust is correlated with the duration of economic crises. Connecting our theoretical stance with the empirical evidence, we propose several possible explanations for the findings and provide both theoretical and practical implications.
The Rise in Foreign Currency Bonds: The Role of US Monetary Policy and Capital Controls

An unintended consequence of loose US monetary policy is the increase in currency risk exposure abroad. Using firm-level data on corporate bond issuances in 17 emerging market economies (EME) between 2003 and 2015, we find that EME companies are more likely to issue bonds in foreign currency when US interest rates are low. This increase occurs across the board, including for firms more vulnerable to foreign exchange exposure, and is particularly strong for bonds issued in local markets. Interestingly, capital controls on bond inflows significantly decrease the likelihood of issuing in foreign currency and can even eliminate the adverse impact of low US interest rates. In contrast, macroprudential foreign exchange regulations tend to increase foreign currency issuances of non-financial corporates, although this effect can be significantly reduced using capital controls.
Attitude Coordination Control for Spacecraft With Disturbances and Event-Triggered Communication

In this article, a novel distributed attitude coordination control scheme is proposed for a group of rigid spacecraft with unknown disturbances. The communication topology is described by a general directed graph, and the leader's attitude is available to only a small fraction of followers. Different from existing attitude coordination control schemes, here an event-triggered communication strategy without Zeno phenomenon is designed, which avoids continuous communication between neighboring spacecraft and considerably reduces the communication burden. Moreover, a nonlinear observer is constructed for each follower, which enables us to estimate and compensate for a large class of disturbances exactly. The proposed scheme is able to ensure the boundedness of all closed-loop signals and steer the attitude tracking errors into an arbitrarily small residual set, regardless of the intermittent communication. Simulation results illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.
Influence of Vestibular Bevel on the Success of Traumatized Teeth Restorations: Single-Blind Randomized Controlled Trial - Preliminary Results with 6-Months Follow-Up

Objective: To evaluate the influence of cavosurface vestibular bevel (CSVB) application on the clinical success (CS) of class IV restorations of traumatized permanent teeth, the influence of the number of fracture angles and dental trauma recurrence (DTR) on the restorations retention rate (RRR) and incidence of pulp necrosis (PN). Material and Methods: Fifty-seven children and adolescents with enamel and dentin fractures requiring C-IV restorations were randomly allocated in groups with CSVB and without CSVB. The primary outcomes were the CS of restorations, evaluated using modified USPHS criteria, and the incidence of PN after a 6-months follow-up. As secondary outcomes, the influence of the number of fractured angles and the DTR on the RRR and on the incidence of PN were evaluated (p>0.05). Results: Of 57 children and adolescents, 74 teeth were restored, and 71 completed the six-month follow-up analysis. Teeth restored with and without CSVB displayed similar CS as well as the same incidence of PN (p>0.05). The number of fractured angles did not influence the RRR and DTR was not associated with PN (p>0.05). DTR was associated with a lower RRR (p<0.001). Conclusion: Cavosurface vestibular bevel did not influence the clinical success of Class IV restorations or incidence of PN after 6-months follow-up. DTR did not influence the incidence of pulp necrosis, but did negatively influence the restorations retention rate. The number of fracture angles did not influenced in the restorations retention rate.
Impaired Reliability and Precision of Spiking in Adults But Not Juveniles in a Mouse Model of Fragile X Syndrome

Visual Abstract Fragile X syndrome (FXS) is the most common source of intellectual disability and autism. Extensive studies have been performed on the network and behavioral correlates of the syndrome, but our knowledge about intrinsic conductance changes is still limited. In this study, we show a differential effect of FMRP knockout in different subsections of hippocampus using whole-cell patch clamp in mouse hippocampal slices. We observed no significant change in spike numbers in the CA1 region of hippocampus, but a significant increase in CA3, in juvenile mice. However, in adult mice we see a reduction in spike number in the CA1 with no significant difference in CA3. In addition, we see increased variability in spike numbers in CA1 cells following a variety of steady and modulated current step protocols. This effect emerges in adult mice (8 weeks) but not juvenile mice (4 weeks). This increased spiking variability was correlated with reduced spike number and with elevated AHP. The increased AHP arose from elevated SK currents (small conductance calcium-activated potassium channels), but other currents involved in medium AHP, such as Ih and M, were not significantly different. We obtained a partial rescue of the cellular variability phenotype when we blocked SK current using the specific blocker apamin. Our observations provide a single-cell correlate of the network observations of response variability and loss of synchronization, and suggest that the elevation of SK currents in FXS may provide a partial mechanistic explanation for this difference.
Aflatoxin M1 in fresh dairy milk from small individual farms in Indonesia

This present study was aimed to investigate the presence of aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) residue in fresh dairy milk collected from small dairyl farms. A total of 104 samples of fresh cow's milk were collected in Pengalengan-Bandung and Sukabumi (West Java province), and Tanggamus (Lampung province) in April and September 2012. All samples were analyzed by a high performance liquid chromatography and detected with fluorescence detector after extraction with organic solvents. Contamination of AFM1 was found on 1.96% (1/51) from the samples collected in April 2012 at concentration of 1.20 ng/L and 39.63% (21/53) from the samples collected in September 2012 at concentration of 1.20 ng/L 1.0 – 34.1 ng/L. Those positive samples were obtained from Pangalengan and Sukabumi, but none for those samples collected from Tanggamus both on collection time April nor September 2012. In those positive samples for AFM1, there is no sample contained AFM1 above the maximum level (ML) regulated in Indonesia (500 ng/L or 0.5 µg/L). Low contamination levels of AFB1 in the range of 0.38 to 6.64 µg/kg found in supplemental feed samples from the same sampling time and locations. The findings of AFM1 contamination in raw fresh milk from this study caused no harm to the consumers. However, regular monitoring on the presence of AFM1 in dairy milk and aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) in dairy cattle feed is necessary to ensure the protection of human health.
Measurement Extraction of Two Targets With Unequal and Unknown Intensities in an FPA

This article extends previous work on location and intensity estimation for measurement extraction of targets in a focal plane array. Prior work has been done to extract single targets and two targets of equal intensity, whereas this work explores the case where two targets have unequal and unknown intensities. Here, we assume a Gaussian point spread function (PSF) with spread <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\sigma _{\text{PSF}}$</tex-math></inline-formula>, but our approach could be applied to other PSF shapes. We present a maximum likelihood (ML) method for target extraction under resolved and unresolved assumptions. In the unresolved case, we estimate the parameters of a single target that represents the centroid of the two unresolved targets. We also present the Cramer–Rao lower bound (CRLB) of the estimation variances for both cases. Our simulation results show that resolved targets have their parameter vectors estimated efficiently (i.e., the variance meets the CRLB) when the targets are separated by <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$0.9\sigma _{\mathrm{PSF}}$</tex-math></inline-formula>, or about 1.8 pixel widths. We also find that estimation of the centroid parameters is efficient below a target separation of <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$0.65\sigma _{{\mathrm{PSF}}}$</tex-math></inline-formula>. Furthermore, we find that increased difference in the SNR of two targets causes the variances in the resolved scenario to be lower, and in the case of the unresolved scenario, to increase. We also derive and characterize a decision about target cardinality as a hypothesis testing problem, and develop a generalized likelihood ratio test to perform the decision making. The performance of this test is evaluated via Monte Carlo simulations, and matches well to theoretical predictions. Finally, we explore the effect of separation between targets, and individual target SNR on resolvability.
Metallothionein and Ki 67 expression compared to nuclear score in differentiating adrenocortical neoplasms

Background Histopathological differentiation between adrenocortical adenoma and carcinoma is prognostically important. The Weiss scoring system is considered the most popular multiparametric scoring system. The potential role of immunohistochemical expression of proliferation markers as an ancillary technique for the assessment of malignancy in adrenocortical neoplasms was evaluated. Aim The aim of the present study was to evaluate the role of immunohistochemical expression of metallothionein and Ki-67 antigen in comparison to histopathology in differentiation between benign and malignant adrenocortical tumors. Materials and methods In all, 35 cases were studied: 14 adrenocortical carcinomas, 13 adrenocortical adenomas, and eight cases of normal adrenal cortex to serve as control. All hemotoxylin and eosin sections were carefully reviewed for Weiss criteria. Three nuclear features were included in the Weiss system: high nuclear grade, mitosis greater than 5/50 high power field, and atypical mitoses, creating a new score called the nuclear score was evaluated. Immunohistochemical detection of metallothionein and Ki-67 antigen expression for each tumor was done. Results The expression of metallothioneins (MT) and Ki 67 in all cases of adenoma showed very weak faint cytoplasmic and nuclear staining, respectively. The expression of MT in all carcinoma cases showed diffuse strong to moderate cytoplasmic staining, while Ki-67 expression showed diffuse strong to moderate nuclear staining. Tumor size, total Weiss score, nuclear score, and each of the Weiss criteria except for diffuse pattern and MT expression level showed a statistically significant difference between adenomas and carcinomas. Conclusion The expression of both MT and Ki-67 antigen is significantly higher in adrenocortical carcinomas than in adrenocortical adenomas, so these markers can be considered as reliable indicators of malignancy in a suspicious adrenocortical tumor. A new nuclear score was created by the present study to show the importance of the nuclear features as a differentiating point between adenoma and carcinoma as well as the prognostic significance of that score in patient survival and clinical outcome.