Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Determination of tocopherols, fatty acids and oxidative stability of pecan, walnut and sunflower oils

Pecan and walnut oils were extracted by pressing and solvent extraction methods. Fatty acids and tocopherols of oils were determined and oxidation stability of oils was investigated. The results were compared with sunflower oil. Determination of fatty acids was performed by gas chromatography (GC). It was observed that composition of unsaturated fatty acids is high in walnut oil. Tocopherols were determined in oils by high performance liquid chromatography HPLC. Only γ-tocopherol was found in pecan oil, α-, γ- and δ-tocopherols in walnut oil, and α- and γ-tocopherols in sunflower oil. It was observed that more amounts of tocopherols are obtained by pressing. Oxidative stability of oils was followed at 100°C by determining the peroxide value. Walnut oil oxidizes faster than pecan and sunflower oils and the oxidative stability is high in oils obtained by solvent extraction.
Sedimentary oxygen dynamics in a seasonally hypoxic basin

Seasonal hypoxia refers to the oxygen depletion that occurs in summer in the bottom water of stratified systems, and is increasingly observed in coastal areas worldwide. The process induces a seasonal cycle on the biogeochemistry of the underlying sediments, which remains poorly quantified. Here, we investigated the sedimentary oxygen consumption within Lake Grevelingen (The Netherlands), a saline coastal reservoir that is impacted by yearly recurrent bottom water hypoxia. Monthly sampling campaigns were conducted throughout 2012 at three sites along a depth gradient. Macrofauna sampling and sediment profile imaging demonstrated how summer hypoxia strongly impacts the benthic communities below 15 m of water depth. Benthic fluxes of oxygen, dissolved inorganic carbon, total alkalinity, and ammonium were determined by closed core incubations, while oxygen depth profiles were recorded by microsensor profiling of sediment cores. Our results reveal a pronounced seasonality in the sedimentary oxygen consumption. Low uptake rates in summer were caused by oxygen limitation, and resulted in the build‐up of an “oxygen debt” through the accumulation of reduced iron sulfides. Highest oxygen uptake rates were recorded in fall, linked to the reoxidation of the pool of iron sulfides in the top layer. However, uptake rates remained unexpectedly high during winter and early spring, likely associated with the oxidation of iron sulfides down to centimeters depth due to the electrogenic sulfur oxidation by cable bacteria. Overall, our results suggest that the sedimentary oxygen dynamic in seasonally hypoxic coastal systems is characterized by a strongly amplified “oxygen debt” dynamics induced by cable bacteria.
PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF CITRUS SINENSIS PEEL

Citrus Sinensis pulp was screened for its phytochemical composition. The aqueous as well as the ethanoic extracts of the pulp revealed the presence of carbohydrates, alkaloids, tannins, fixed oils and lipids, sugars, proteins, steroids, and amino acids whereas the terpenoids are present only in the ethanolic pulp extracts.
Bi-Allelic Deletion of 13q14 Is Associated with Inferior Progression Free Survival Compared to Mono-Allelic 13q14 Deletion in B-Cell Chronic Lymphocytic Leukaemia.

Isolated mono-allelic deletion of chromosome region 13q14 is seen in 40–60% of patients with typical B-CLL and is associated with good risk disease. Bi-allelic deletion of 13q14 region has an overall incidence of 4–5% in typical B-CLL. It is not known if loss of both allelic regions impacts on disease progression and survival. FISH analysis was performed on 995 patients with CLL. 451 cases were assessed using 13q14 PAC probes 933-e9 and 273–2 (Dr Stilgenbauer, Ulm University, Germany) and 540 cases were assessed with the B-CLL probe set (α12/13q14/13q34 and p53/ATM probe sets, Abbott/Vysis). Normal results for 13q14 were obtained in 501 (50.4%) cases, 450 (45.2%) had a mono-allelic deletion of 13q14 and 44 (4.4%) cases had a bi-allelic deletion of 13q14. Control probes (13q34 region) had normal patterns in all cases tested. Detailed analysis was carried out to test the hypothesis that loss of both allelic regions conferred a poorer prognosis by comparing the 44 cases with bi-allelic deletion of to 162 cases with mono-allelic deletion good risk CLL. Cases with bi-allelic deletion have similar clinical characteristics compared to cases with a mono-allelic deletion. There was no significant difference in Binet stage between patients with a mono-allelic (84% A, 7% B, 9% C) or a bi-allelic deletion of 13q14 (73% A, 13% B, 13% C). However, Binet stage was significantly predicative of outcome independent of the cytogenetic abnormality. Immunophenotypes were compared using the dChip program. Unsupervised hierarchical cluster analysis showed that mono-allelic and bi-allelic deletion 13q14 CLL cases have different protein expression profiles. CD5 and CD38 were more strongly expressed (1.23 fold increase, p = .06 and 2.36 fold increase, p = .02, repsectively), whereas CD22 and CD23 had lower levels of expression (1.61 fold decrease, p = In conclusion, we have demonstrated that bi-allelic 13q14 deletion occurs in approximately 5% of B-CLL patients and that it is associated with an inferior progression free survival. The altered immunophenotypic profile associated with bi-allelic 13q14 deletion is intrigueing and further study of this group is warranted.
Genotyping of Follicle Stimulating Hormone Receptor Gene in Fertile and Infertile Buffalo

2 Abstract: This study aimed to estimate the effects of restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) in the follicle stimulating hormone receptor gene (FSHR gene), regarding to fertile and infertile Egyptian buffaloes. The ovarian status of animals was classified by ultrasonography into follicular phase, luteal phase, bilateral inactive ovary with normal uterus and bilateral inactive ovary with endometritis. Blood samples were collected from fertile and non-fertile buffaloes with the history of anestrum or repeat breeders for DNA extraction and progesterone analysis. The results showed that, the overall mean of plasma progesterone levels in normal cyclic animals were significantly higher during the luteal phase (5.78±0.69 ng/ml) as compared to the follicular phase (1.57±0.18 ng/ml). Moreover, there were no significant differences between animals had normal uterus and those suffered from endometritis in association with bilateral inactive ovaries. All buffaloes investigated in this study were genotyped as CC where DNA amplified fragments at 306-bp were digested with AluI endonuclease and gave two digested fragments at 243- and 63-bp. In conclusion, monomorphic pattern of follicle-stimulating hormone receptor gene (FSHR gene) is considered a unique feature that may be related to the characteristic species in buffalo. So, the polymorphisms and interaction with the fertility feature should be endorsed for advanced research with a big number of buffaloes.
Susceptibility of wheat germplasm to stored grain pests

Laboratory studies were undertaken to find out the response of sixty wheat genotypes (Triticum aestivum and Triticum durum) on the growth and development of three major stored grain insect pests i.e. Sitophilus oryzae (L), Rhizopertha dominica (Fab.) and Tribolium castaneum (Hb). The extent of damage caused by all three insect species was significantly different and the genotypes differed significantly in their susceptibility to the same insect. The growth and development of all tested insects species was found lowest on durum wheat germplasm. On the basis of mean adult emergence, K-65, K-136, K-143, K-147, K-153, K-156, K-167, K-168 and K-171 were found tolerant to S. oryzae (4.33-5.33) whereas K-136, 140, 147, 157, 162 and K-170 (3.66-4.66) genotypes were resistance to R. dominica and K-136, 140, 147, 148, 150, 155, 156, 162 and K-171 (3.33-10.00) were observed relatively tolerant to T castaneum. On the other hand, Sonalika, UP-2338, UP-2382, UP-2425 and PBW-396 were found highly susceptible and K-136, K-147 and K-162 were found resistant to all three insect species.
Growth, seed yield and oil content response of canola (Brassica napus L.) to varying levels of sulphur

Studies were carried out to assess the influence of different levels of sulphur fertilization ( 0, 25, 50, 75, 100, 125 & 150 kg ha). The experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design with three replications and a net plot size of 1.8m x 5m. Data on various growth and yield parameters of canola were recorded using the standard procedures. The results revealed that the highest seed yield (3725 kg ha) was obtained in T4 with 100 kg ha S which was however, at par with treatment where 125 kg S ha was applied. While minimum seed yield (2870 kg ha) was recorded in case of control i.e. with no S. Oil content progressively increased with increase of S level with highest (45.10%) with a S level of 150 kg ha. But a perusal of economic analysis showed that T4 i.e. application of 100 kg ha would be more economical than all other treatments.
Influence of silk age on grain yield and yield components of normal and male-sterile maize (Zea mays, L.)

Maize yield can be increased by a mixture of a cytoplasmic male-sterile hybrid and a low percentage of an isogenic or non-isogenic pollinator hybrid (10 to 20%). Then the flowering of ears and tassels should be well synchronized, a shortage of pollen or an aged silk might decrease the success of pollination and therefore, reduce grain yield. One experiment (in 1998) with one hybrid in Switzerland and two experiments (in 2000 and 2001) with two hybrids in Thailand were conducted to estimate the influence of different pollination dates on the pollination success for male-fertile and male-sterile maize. A cytoplasmic male-sterile hybrid was used in Switzerland, and plants in Thailand were detasseled. All the plants were manually pollinated with fresh pollen. The optimal pollination date did not depend on the male fertility of a plant. The maximum number of grain sets at ample pollen supply and one pollination date was usually attained 3 to 5 days after the emergence of the silk and started to decrease at 7 days silk. Under a limited supply of pollen the grain set declined faster. Although grain yields and yield components differed between experiments, male sterility had neither a negative nor a positive impact on the grain set at delayed pollination date.
Balanced harvesting can emerge from fishing decisions by individual fishers in a small‐scale fishery

Catching fish in proportion to their productivity, termed balanced harvesting, has been suggested as a basis for the ecosystem approach to fishing. Balanced harvesting has been criticized as uneconomical and unachievable because of the level of micromanagement it would require. Here, we investigate the consequences of allowing a fixed number of fishers in a small-scale fishery to choose what size fish to attempt to catch. We examine this from a game-theoretic perspective and test our predictions using an agent-based model for fishers’ decisions coupled with a size-spectrum model for the dynamics of a single fish species. We show that small-scale gillnet fishers, operating without size-based regulations, would end up catching small and large fish in proportion to their productivity, in other words balanced harvesting. This is significant because it shows that, far from being unachievable, balanced harvesting can emerge without external intervention under some circumstances. Controls are needed to prevent overfishing, but minimum size regulations alone are not sufficient to achieve this, and actually reduce the sustainable yield by confining fishing to a relatively unproductive part of the size-spectrum. Our findings are particularly relevant for small-scale fisheries in areas where there is poverty and malnutrition because here provision of biomass for food is more important than the market value of the catch.
Recovery of Proteins from Rohu Processing Waste Using pH Shift Method: Characterization of Isolates

ABSTRACT Yield and physicochemical characteristics of protein isolates recovered from rohu processing waste by acid- and alkali-aided protein solubilization methods were studied. pH 2.0 from acidic side and pH 13.0 from alkaline side resulted in maximum protein solubility, whereas minimum solubility was observed at pH 5.5. Except for pH 13.0, theoretical protein recovery was more than the actual recovery after centrifugation. Maximum protein recovery after the first centrifugation cycle was observed for pH 2.0 and pH 13.0, and the maximum protein recovery during the second centrifugation cycle was observed at precipitation pH 5.5 in both acidic and alkaline methods. Acidic and alkaline methods resulted in a total process recovery of 31.81% ± 0.001% and 31.11% ± 0.01%, respectively. Isolates prepared by acidic method had more whiteness and high foaming capacity, whereas isolates prepared using alkaline methods had less whiteness, tough texture, and high foaming stability. No microbial counts were detected in any of the isolates. Acid and alkaline methods described in this study can be used for the recovery of proteins from rohu processing waste with good yields and functionality.
Valorisation of fish-cannery by-products targeting the recovery of ω3 lipids

iii RESUMO . iv INDEX OF TABLES . vii INDEX OF FIGURES . viii ACRONYMS . x CHAPTER 1 – INTRODUCTION . 1 1.1. Portugal and the fish market . 1 1.2. Fish canning industry . 3 1.3. By-products generated: environmental impact and potential economic value . 5 1.3. 1. Environmental impact . 5 1.3. 2. Potential economic value . 6 1.4. Extraction methodologies . 8 1.4. 1. Chemical Methods . 9 1.4. 2. Physical methods . 11 1.4. 3. Physico-chemical methods . 11 1.4. 4. Biological methods . 12 CHAPTER 2 – EXPERIMENTAL . 13 2.1 Samples . 13 2.2 Extraction processes . 13 2.3. 1 Physico-Chemical methods . 13 2.2.1.1. Temperature and solvents . 13 2.2.1.2. High Hydrostatic Pressure (HHP) and solvents . 13 2.3. 2 Biological methods . 15 2.3 Analytical assays . 15 2.3. 1 Biochemical composition . 15 2.3. 1.1. Total lipid content . 15
Comparison of growth curves using non-linear regression function in Japanese quail

ABSTRACT This study was conducted to determine the goodness of fit of Gompertz, Logistic, Von Bertalanffy, Richards, Levakovich and Janoschek growth models in Japanese quail. Therefore, weekly live-weight data obtained from 372 females and 339 males were fitted. Females’ live weights were found to be higher than that of males, and the first divergence in the growth of female and male birds occurred in 21–28 days, and it survived until the experiment (P < .001). The coefficient of determination (R2), adjusted coefficient of determination (adj. R2), mean square error (MSE), Akaike’s information criteria (AIC) and Bayesian information criterion (BIC) were used to determine the best growth model. R2 and adjusted R2 values of the growth models were similar and close to 1, indicating that all models perform well in describing age-related changes in live weight in quail. Based on the MSE, AIC and BIC values, Richards model was determined to be the best fitting model to the growth data of both sexes. Consequently, it has been demonstrated that Richards function which has a flexible structure in terms of inflection point is the most appropriate growth function for both female and male birds.
Heritability and correlation studies of certain quantitative traits in table grapes, Vitis spp.

Heritabilities and phenotypic correlations among 10 traits of the grapevine ( Vitis vinifera x V. rotundifolia hybrid derivatives) were estimated from measurements obtained from 46 families, induding a total of more than 1000 offspring generated by crosses among 26 parents. Measurements on fruit characters were obtained over a period of 4 years, 1976-1979. (General vigor of the vines was measured in only 1 year, 1976). Prior to this analysis the data on fruit traits were statistically adjusted to mitigate the confounding effects of fluctuating annual dimates on estimates of genotypic value. The heritabilities were then estimated by regressing the average performance of each seedling on the average performance of its mid-parent. Heritabilities are 0.12, 0.55, 0.49, 0.75, 1.04, 0.34, 0.15 and 0.10 for duster weight, duster compactness, berry weight, skin texture, pulp texture, total soluble solids, acidity of juice and general vigor, respectively. The heritability estimate for crop weight in this population is practically 0(-0.08). The precision of these estimates is very high, except for that of general vigor. Thus, they should be reliable predictors of the rate of genetic gain attainable in such populations when seedlings are selected as parents on the basis of their own performance. The expected performance of the progeny of randomly mated parents, ranked in the upper 5 % of the progeny generation, were estimated. The implications of these genetic relationships on the effectiveness and efficiency of breeding programs and selection procedures in grapes are discussed.
A report of 10 unrecorded bacterial species of Korea, belonging to the phylum Firmicutes

As an outcome of the study on the bacterial species diversity in Korea, we report 24 unrecorded bacterial species of Korea belonging to the phylum Firmicutes. The unrecorded species excavated through this study were assigned to 12 different genera of 7 families, namely Bacillus, Halobacillus, Lysinibacillus and Thalassobacillus of Bacillaceae, Brevibacillus and Paenibacillus of Paenibacillaceae, Viridibacillus of Planococcaceae, Salinicoccus and Staphylococcus of Staphylococcaceae, Enterococcus of Enterococcaceae, Lactobacillus of Lactobacillaceae, and Lactococcus of Streptococcaceae, respectively. The bacterial isolates were obtained from various ecosystems in Korea. The isolates were identified based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, and those exhibiting at least 99% sequence similarity with known bacterial species but never reported in Korea were selected as unrecorded species. The selected isolates were subjected to further taxonomic characterization including the analysis of cell shape and fine structure using electron microscope, colony color and shapes, enzyme activities and carbon source utilization. The descriptive information on the 24 unrecorded species are provided.
The osteological development of nine species of Nototheniidae (Perciformes: Notothenioidei)

Le developpement du squelette de neuf especes de Nototheniidae a ete etudie. Toutes ces especes ont la meme chronologie dans l'apparition des os, a l'exception de Pleuragramma antarcticum. Il est montre comme de regle que, chez les especes les plus avancees de Nototheniidae et/ou chez des familles avancees de Notothenioidei les os qui apparaissent le plus tard ont une taille reduite. La morphogenese de certains caracteres de valeur systematique confirme la validite des sous-familles Nototheniinae, Trematominae et Pleuragramminae. Les principales tendances du developpement du squelette chez les sous-familles de Nototheniidae sont considerees.
Using PCR assay for detection and subtyping of Ureaplasma parvum in women with recurrent abortion

The objectives of this study were to investigate the occurrence of Ureaplasma parvum in women with recurrent abortion and to determine the distribution of U. parvum serovars (1, 3, 6, 14) in women with recurrent abortion by conventional PCR technique. In total, 130 samples including vaginal bleeding, vaginal swab, and urine were collected from women with recurrent abortion and 40 samples including vaginal swab and urine from control women without recurrent abortion. Through the study, two types of media were used, Ureaplasma broth (IH Broth) and Ureaplasma agar (IH Agar). The positive isolates for Ureaplasma spp. were investigated by conventional PCR technique for identification of U. parvum and subtyping to their serovars (1, 3, 6, 14). The results revealed the U. parvum was identified in 29.6% from the patient group and 11% from the control group. U. parvum isolates were further subtyped using PCR, the results showed that serovar 3 was the most frequent isolate in a proportion of 42.8%, with serovar 1 (28.5%), serovar 6 (14.2%), and serovar 14 (14.2%) in the patient group, but in the control group only serovar 1 was isolated in a proportion of 11%. These results evidently indicate that U. parvum may be an important etiologic agent for recurrent abortion.
Dermal Denticle Patterning in the Cretaceous Hybodont Shark Tribodus limae (Euselachii, Hybodontiformes), and Its Implications for the Evolution of Patterning in the Chondrichthyan Dermal Skeleton

ABSTRACT As in modern elasmobranchs (sharks and rays), the shagreen of the hybodontiform shark Tribodus limae (Santana Formation, Aptian-Albian, Lower Cretaceous, northeastern Brazil) consists of non-growing (monodontode) dermal denticles that were shed, replaced, and supplemented by new ones during life. In modern elasmobranchs, these denticles are usually represented by a single size class (considered here to be the default arrangement), although larger denticles are sometimes present locally (e.g., thorn rows on the head and trunk in batomorphs). In Tribodus, however, the shagreen consists of two distinct morphological denticle types and size classes (two-size), both widely distributed over the body and fins, with smaller denticles overlying the bases of larger thorns as well as occupying areas between them. Using two conceptually distinct variants of a two-layer reaction-diffusion (R-D) simulation that is consistent with morphogen exchange across the basal lamina between the epidermal and dermal layers, we recovered two-size spatial arrangements similar to the Tribodus shagreen. Our results suggest that denticle patterning in the dermal skeleton of sharks can be replicated using R-D models with kinetics similar to those previously applied to a known mechanism of feather bud patterning in birds and to skin pigmentation patterning in modern teleost fishes. Reaction-diffusion simulations operationalize Reif's ‘odontode regulation theory,’ and so have an important conceptual place in the history of research on the dermal skeleton. Such a modeling framework may enable conceptual links to be drawn among seemingly disparate denticle arrays in Paleozoic and recent chondrichthyans, thereby guiding future work on the molecular and histological underpinnings of dermal skeleton development and evolution.
Nutritional and phytochemical value of Brassica crops from the agri‐food perspective

Brassica foods are among the top 10 economic crops in the world (i.e. broccoli, kale, cauliflower and Chinese cabbage). These vegetables have been identified as important components of a healthy diet because of their high levels of nutrients and health-promoting phytochemicals (i.e. phenolics, glucosinolates, vitamins and minerals). Epidemiological studies have shown that increased consumption of Brassica foods is strongly associated with a reduced risk of degenerative diseases, cancer, cardiovascular disease and immune dysfunction. Nevertheless, the nutritional content and profile in Brassica vegetables have been reported to vary considerably during the growth period due to agronomical factors including light, temperature, water availability and soil fertility among others. Moreover, the conditions of postharvest processing and cooking are also important factors on food quality. A better understanding of specific preharvest and postharvest conditions is essential to improve cultivars with value-added nutritional quality. Thus, in this article are going to be addressed the effects of the most common crop management strategies and processes on the variation of nutritive compounds present within Brassica from the agri-food perspective.