Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Learner Behavior in e-Learning as a Multicriteria Attribute based on Perspective of Flow Experience

Flow experience describe psychological condition in the form of optimal experience of an activity. Flow shows an interconnection, interest, and pleasure toward an activity, thus enable user to fully participate in the activity. In e-learning activity, flow provides positive experience of a learning process. This condition is essential in user’s ability to achieve high performance. Therefore, it is important to identify user’s flow experience during his interaction with e-learning. This information can be used as reference of how e-learning model provide response that in accordance with user’s psychological condition. Assessment of psychological experience based on flow theory have been conducted in many studies, particulary based on experience sampling method. However, these survey methods require high effort thus they are inefficient. The previous studies in this topic only covers conventional learning, with face-to-face interaction. In e-learning, particulary those that use adaptive context aware e-learning approach, flow experience can be assessed by conducting inference based on learning behavior parameters of learners during interaction with e-learning. However, there is no study that provide relation among learner’s learning behavior in e-learning with parameters of flow experience. Therefore, this study tested hypotheses aimed to obtain relation between learning behavior and flow experience. Hypotheses model constructed by involving technology acceptance model (TAM), expectation confirmation model, and flow experience as learning psychological condition. Learning behavior as a multicriteria attribute was represented by actual usage in form of intensity of using e-learning. Meanwhile, perceived balance of skill and challenge as representation of flow experience was selected as main variable in the proposed hypotheses. The result showed that these variables had positive relation with each other.
Approximations to the full description of stacking disorder in ice I for powder diffraction

Abstract Different descriptions of the stacking disorder of the so-called “cubic” phase “ice Ic” and stacking-faulted hexagonal ice Ih exist. We present an overview of the effect of different stacking disorder interaction ranges s from s = 2 to s = 4 after Jagodzinski on the (neutron) powder diffraction patterns of stacking-disordered ice I, which we propose to name ice Ich. We fit in a systematic approach simulated diffraction data of ice Ich for s up to 4 with a multi-peak approach. In this way we allow for estimating the relative proportion of cubic sequences in the stacking sequences by using readily accessible observables of a diffraction pattern.
Social aspects of introducing online learning - the students' perspective

The article presents the introduction of online learning at universities in Poland, which was a solution aimed at preventing, countering and combating COVID-19. Attention was drawn to the perception of this change by the stakeholders, i.e. students. The analysis examines students’ concerns regarding the implementation of this form of learning in selected areas related to access to technology, the organization of classes, and the participation in them, social interactions and administrative activities. The aim of the research was also to ascertain students’ opinions on the consequences of the implemented change and on the actions aimed at facilitating the transition to online learning undertaken by the authorities and university employees. The research was conducted with the use of an electronic survey questionnaire. The responses of 189 full-time university students were analyzed. Based on the results of the research, communication between students and university authorities, as well as the involvement of participants in the process of change were considered as key elements in the implementation of online learning. Among the important activities there were those that enable participation in online learning (provision of equipment, programs, licenses) and those that support learning (access to library resources). As regards the latter, conclusions were formulated concerning the planning of teaching, i.e. the content and the way of transferring knowledge.
Impact of Massive Open Online Course on the Teacher-Enrollees’ Personal Growth and Professional Development

Massive Open Online Course (MOOC) refers to a large scale of participants enrolling on freeaccess online courses. It provides professional development to teachers in a convenient format and structure.This descriptive study aims to assess the experiences of 120 teacher-enrollees from the three provinces inMindanao. It used surveys and interviews in data gathering. Findings show that the teachers evaluatedMOOCs as acceptable, effective and reliable. The Content and Structure are compatible with theirexpectations and the courses developed their personal and professional growth
Are Nationalists Better Citizens?

The recent rise in the popularity of nationalist movements tells us that more attention should be paid to the effects of national feeling on politics. This article considers the potential relationship between national identity and active and allegiant citizenship and particularly whether nationalists and patriots are better citizens than those who have weaker feelings towards their country. We analyze these relationships using data from the European Values Study in 2008 and 2017. Our main models control for a variety of political, social, and economic causes of good citizenship and include country fixed effects in addition to three measures of national feeling. Our findings indicate that civic national identity is connected with better citizenship on virtually all of our outcomes, whereas ethnic national identity is frequently connected with worse citizenship. We explain these results using social identity theory and theories of prejudice. The results suggest that politicians ignore or downplay national feeling at their peril.
Deep conceptual learning opportunities in business studies classrooms

Initial tests of the curriculum design coherence model (McPhail, 2020) indicate that teachers face challenges in relation to engaging deeply with the epistemic structure of their subject. In this study, we discuss the additional difficulty that teachers have in identifying appropriate content and examples that will provide opportunities for students’ concept formation. The key question guiding this study was: “What opportunities for deep conceptual learning and cognitive advance are provided in business studies classrooms? ” This analysis of the pedagogic practices of teachers is framed by the curriculum design coherence model (CDC) that is informed by deep learning from the cognitivist theory perspective. This article gives an account of observations of grade 11 business studies lessons in two schools. The lessons were observed, recorded, transcribed, and deductively analysed according to an analytical framework based on the CDC model. While there was evidence of concepts that were taught, appropriate subject content necessary for understanding the concept was not evident in most of the lessons. The dominant pedagogy of direct instruction, reading definitions, and copying notes amounted to giving students the definition of concepts and their basic components in a skeletal way. Content that requires students to analyse and infer meanings and make generalisations was lacking. The absence of appropriate content and examples, such as case studies in the textbook, curtailed opportunities for deep conceptual learning and cognitive advance. These practices deny learners access to the formal academic knowledge of the discipline.
Association between depression and the combination of lower socioeconomic status and metabolic syndrome: the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES)

Background: Accumulating evidence supports the existence of a metabolic–mood syndrome. Lower socioeconomic status (SES) is correlated with a higher prevalence of both depression and metabolic syndrome (MS). However, the nature of this association remains poorly understood. The objective of this study was to examine whether the combination of MS and lower SES was associated with the prevalence of depression. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study of 24,102 adults (>19 years of age) who participated in the 2008–2013 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey and for whom MS and depression data were available. MS was defined using the diagnostic criteria of the modified National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III. Depression was assessed using a questionnaire. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the association between depression and MS as well as SES (alone and in combination). Results: Overall, 622 of the 24,102 subjects (2.2%) met the criteria for depression. The prevalence of depression was associated with MS, a lower high-density lipoprotein cholesterol level, an elevated triglyceride level, a lower education level, and a lower household income. Participants with MS and a low SES had a higher likelihood of depression than those without MS and a high SES (odds ratio [OR]=4.180 for low education level and OR=3.994 for low household income level). Conclusions: This study suggests that the combination of SES and MS may play an important role in depression, which has implications for healthcare policy and depression management.
Clinical and radiological features of patients with 2019 novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) in Haikou, China

To describe the clinical and radiological findings of patients confirmed with 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) infection in Haikou, China. A total of 67 patients confirmed with COVID-19 infection were included in this study. 50 were imported cases. Most infected patients presented with fever and cough. The typical CT findings of lung lesions were bilateral, multifocal lung lesions (52[78%]), with subpleural distribution, and more than two lobes involved (51[78%]). 54 (81%) patients of COVID-19 pneumonia had ground glass opacities. Consolidation was in 30 (45%) patients, crazy paving pattern or interlobular thickening in 17 (25%), adjacent pleura thickening in 23 (34%) patients. Additionally, baseline chest CT did not reveal positive CT findings in 7 patients (23%), but 3 patients presented unilateral ground glass opacities at follow-up. Importantly, the follow-up CT findings were fitted well with the clinical outcomes.
Output power characteristics of diode-pumped cesium vapor laser

We examine the output power as a function of the cesium vapor density in a diode-pumped cesium vapor laser. Since the pump light bandwidth of our apparatus is considerably wider than the absorption bandwidth, a fair amount of the pump power is unabsorbed. An optical-to-optical conversion efficiency of 70% is observed with respect to the absorbed pump power. Beyond a certain point, the output power starts to reduce despite linear increase in absorption power along with increase in the Cs number density. We perform a numerical simulation to study the observed phenomena, and it is found that spontaneous emission from the upper laser level is the main channel of the pump power loss.
Determinants of exhaustion of informal caregivers in homecare. Structural equation analysis of data of a multicenter study

Background/Aims: Family members, who are often involved in providing home care, are often referred to as informal caregivers. The aim of our study is to analyze how their involvement in caregiving is connected to exhaustion and how this is influenced by caregiving training, social integration and appreciation controlled for social and demographic determinants. Methods: Across Germany, a multi-center study with randomly selected home care services was conducted in 2015. Questionnaires were based on the ARR inventory and handed out to informal caregivers and home care nurses separately. 223 complementary datasets could be analyzed for our purpose. A structural equation model was used to analyze the data. Results: First, objective involvement in caregiving increases subjective involvement ( β = 0.161, p < 0.01), which in turn increases exhaustion ( β = 0.231, p < 0.001). Second, the interactive effects between objective involvement and both caregiving training ( β = -0.184, p < 0.001) and social integration ( β = -0.094, p < 0.05) on subjective involvement in caregiving are statistically significantly negative. Similarly, the interactive effect on exhaustion between subjective involvement in caregiving and appreciation is negative ( β = -0.126, p < 0.01). Conclusion: If a caregiving relative has received training or is socially integrated, the effect of objective involvement on subjective involvement in caregiving is less pronounced. Further, the effect of subjective involvement in caregiving on exhaustion is less pronounced if an informal caregiver feels appreciated. Therefore, caregiving training and appreciation are important to moderate exhaustion in informal caregivers.
MODEL OF A FUZZY DYNAMIC DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEM

Within the framework of this article, the analysis of the ways of building an automated decision support system for business and technological processes based on the thematic apparatus of the theory of fuzzy functions is carried out. The purpose of decision support systems is to help the decision maker (business owners, top managers of companies, heads of state organizations and law enforcement agencies) in choosing the most optimal solution based on the information at his disposal. It is proposed to use mathematical methods based onfuzzy multicriteria ranking as methods for making a decision. The paper proposes a model of an automated decision support system for business and technological processes of organizations based onthe mathematical apparatus of the theory of fuzzy functions, which allows automating the process of choosing a solution and eliminating the influence of subjective factors when assessing possible decisions.
Donor–Acceptor‐Type Heptazine‐Based Polymer Networks for Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution

A heptazine-based polymer network (HMP-3) with a donor–acceptor (D–A) structure was prepared and tested as catalyst for photocatalytic hydrogen evolution from water. Compared to other heptazine-based materials, which are typically prepared at high temperatures and have recently received much interest as metal-free photocatalysts, the low-temperature protocol applied here allows the defined introduction of organic functional groups within the polymer backbone. The structure of HMP-3 contains alternating heptazine and benzothiadiazole moieties as electron acceptors connected by aminobenzene bridges as electron donors. The resulting material leads to enhanced hydrogen evolution compared to graphitic carbon nitride materials prepared at high temperatures (>500 °C) most probably because of the stabilization of photogenerated charge carriers in the D–A structure.
Investor Mix and Mutual Fund Performance: A Flow Based Measure of Relative Smartness

We study the information content of the mutual-fund investor mix at the fund level. Building on the fund-flow determinant literature, we develop a method to attribute the proportion of fund net-in-flow explained by a fund’s fundamental characteristics and past performance as smart and dumb money respectively. The fund-level Smart Dumb Ratio (SDR) positively predicts future cross-sectional fund return. A series of tests shows that SDR postively correlates with other skill measures and its effects are enhanced with investor sophistication. Our findings confirm that the investor composition can be a useful source of information to estimate the fund-level smart-money effect.
Prevalence and Economic Impacts of Retained Placenta and Subclinical Mastitis in Tanzanian Dairy Cows

Background: Three dairy farms were investigated for occurrence of retained placenta and subclinical mastitis, and the economic impacts attributable to the conditions. Reproductive performance data from 1169 calvings of dairy cows for five consecutive years spanning from 2014 to 2018 were used in this study. A total of 167 cows were screened with the California Mastitis Test (CMT), and udder quarters with CMT score of ≥ 3 (scale 1–5) were milk sampled for culture and final bacteriological identification. Results: Overall prevalences of subclinical mastitis and retained fetal membranes were 35.93% and 10.35%, respectively. The prevalence of bacterial isolates at animal level was 38.92%. Individual bacteria prevalence rates were 66.15% for Staphylococcus aureus, 13.85% for Escherichia coli, 6.15% for Bacillus spp. , 6.15% for Streptococcus agalactiae and 7.69% for none typed microorganisms. Overall loss from subclinical mastitis was estimated at 10,603,800/= Tanzanian shillings (Tshs) equivalent to USD $ 4,700 with major losses (81.75%) attributable to the production loss followed by treatment expenditure (18.25%). Average loss attributed to mastitis per quarter was estimated at 49,320/= Tshs (USD $21.5). Retained placenta resulted in an increase (P<0.05) in the period from parturition to conception (148.7 vs. 96.0 days), number of services per conception (2.9 vs. 1.9) and calving interval (434.7 vs. 374.0 days). Conclusion: These findings point out to the economic importance of subclinical mastitis and retained fetal membranes in the dairy industry. This calls for improved milking hygiene, proper attention to health of mammary glands, regular screening tests and application of biosecurity measures as intervention strategies to lower the prevalence of subclinical mastitis and minimize the spread of pathogens in dairy farms. Since retained fetal membrane is an important problem causing great economic losses, appropriate control measures have to be instituted including cow comfort, proper immunization and careful nutritional management (mineral supplementation), particularly during the transition period.
Perfil epidemiológico da hepatite B no Brasil: um estudo ecológico

Objetivo: Analisar o perfil epidemiologico de pacientes com hepatite B no Brasil entre 2010 e 2018. Metodo: Trata-se de um estudo epidemiologico descritivo, de carater retrospectivo, com base documental e abordagem quantitativa. A coleta de dados foi realizada em setembro de 2020, atraves do Sistema de Informacoes de Agravo de Notificacoes (SINAN). Foram analisadas as variaveis regiao, escolaridade, faixa etaria, fonte ou mecanismo de infeccao, raca, sexo e zona de residencia. Em seguida, realizada tabulacao e analise dos dados utilizando o programa Microsoft Excel 2016 , no qual foram calculados os coeficientes de incidencia da Hepatite B e a significância das variaveis para o agravo estudado utilizando o Teste de Analise de Variância (ANOVA). Resultados: Foram notificados 126.252 casos de hepatite B no Brasil. As regioes Norte e Sul apresentaram as maiores taxas de deteccao de novos casos a cada 100 mil habitantes. Houve predominância de homens brancos, com idade entre 20 a 39 anos, ensino fundamental incompleto, residentes em zona urbana e infectados pela via sexual, relacionado ao comportamento de risco do grupo. Conclusao: Torna-se relevante a importância de acoes voltadas para o incentivo a prevencao, diagnostico precoce e tratamento da hepatite B, a partir do fortalecimento da Atencao Primaria a Saude.
Solving the Crystal Structure of Cd5(OH)8(NO3)2·2H2O from Powder Diffraction Data. A Comparison with Single Crystal Data

Abstract A comparison between the results of ab initio structure determination from X-ray powder diffraction data of a new cadmium hydroxide nitrate, Cd5(OH)8 (NO3)2·2H2O (SG C2/m), and those obtained from single crystal data is presented. The powder diffraction pattern has been analysed by an indexing method and fitting techniques. A total of 119 unambiguously indexed reflections has been extracted and used in subsequent treatment. The power of powder techniques to index the pattern and to find the structure model by normal Patterson and Fourier methods is clearly shown. The refinement of approximate coordinates has been carried out by the Rietveld method (444 reflections). The comparison of results with those obtained from single crystal data (2218 reflections) shows that the precision of positional parameter values is lower by a factor of 10, on average, in the powder study. These results are discussed in terms of crystallographic parameters (number of reflections used, number of parameters to refine, contrast between atoms) and, also, in terms of sample dependent properties (preferred orientation effect, impurity). Finally, the crystal structure has been derived from powder data with a precision probably sufficient for most purposes.
Chemical Constituents and Cytotoxic Activity of Codiaeum variegatum CV. petra

Three known alkaloidal compounds; glaucine, oxoglaucine and hemiargyrine; have been isolated from the methanolic extract of Codiaeum variegatum cv. petra leaves and two diterpenoids, identified as ent-trachyloban3-one and ent-18-OH-trachyloban-3-one, were isolated in addition to α-amyrin and β-sitosterol. The structures of all isolated compounds were established by spectral data. The cytotoxicity of the methanolic extract and the isolated alkalodial compounds were studied against human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line (HepG2), human caucasian breast adenocarcinoma (MCF7), colon cell line (HCT116) and lung carcinoma cell line (A549) and proved to be active.
Implementing the census-based, impact-oriented approach to comprehensive primary health care over three decades in Montero, Bolivia: 2. Program achievements, including long-term trends in mortality of children and mothers

Background: Even though strengthening primary health care (PHC) is now widely accepted as essential for achieving global health goals, evidence regarding the long-term effectiveness of comprehensive PHC programs remains limited. In contrast, the evidence for effectiveness of selected interventions assessed over shorter periods of time is abundant. Objectives: This report is the second in a series of two papers. The first paper describes the history and implementation features of the census-based, impact-oriented (CBIO) approach by the Consejo de Salud Rural Andino (CSRA)/Montero Comprehensive Primary Health Care Program that has been in operation for three decades, since 1988. This second paper in the series presents evidence of program effectiveness, including long-term trends in child and maternal mortality. Methods: We reviewed available documents, prior evaluations, and health information system data. We carried out interviews with 19 key informants. Finally, we reviewed data from the program’s health information system, which contains vital events and related information (including cause of death) arising from routine systematic visitation of all homes in the program area at least every six months. Results: A comprehensive PHC program that incorporates principles of the CBIO approach has achieved near-universal coverage of key child survival interventions and achieved levels of child and maternal mortality comparable to those in the United States. The CSRA/Montero Comprehensive PHC Program is now also addressing non-communicable diseases. Community collaboration, routine systematic home visitation, and targeted visits to high-risk households are vital components of the program. Conclusions: The CSRA/Montero Comprehensive PHC Program provides an example worthy of replication, expansion, and further rigorous evaluation. CBIO principles are relevant for strengthening the PHC movement, achieving Universal Health Coverage, ending preventable child and maternal mortality, and eventually reaching Health for All. *Correspondence to: Henry B Perry, Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA, E-mail: hperry2@jhu.edu