Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Exploring the Interchangeability of CNN Embedding Spaces

CNN feature spaces can be linearly mapped and consequently are often interchangeable. This equivalence holds across variations in architectures, training datasets, and network tasks. Specifically, we mapped between 10 image-classification CNNs and between 4 facial-recognition CNNs. When image embeddings generated by one CNN are transformed into embeddings corresponding to the feature space of a second CNN trained on the same task, their respective image classification or face verification performance is largely preserved. For CNNs trained to the same classes and sharing a common backend-logit (soft-max) architecture, a linear-mapping may always be calculated directly from the backend layer weights. However, the case of a closed-set analysis with perfect knowledge of classifiers is limiting. Therefore, empirical methods of estimating mappings are presented for both the closed-set image classification task and the open-set task of face recognition. The results presented expose the essentially interchangeable nature of CNNs embeddings for two important and common recognition tasks. The implications are far-reaching, suggesting an underlying commonality between representations learned by networks designed and trained for a common task. One practical implication is that face embeddings from some commonly used CNNs can be compared using these mappings.
The human visual system and CNNs can both support robust online translation tolerance following extreme displacements

Visual translation tolerance refers to our capacity to recognize objects over a wide range of different retinal locations. Although translation is perhaps the simplest spatial transform that the visual system needs to cope with, the extent to which the human visual system can identify objects at previously unseen locations is unclear, with some studies reporting near complete invariance over 10 degrees and other reporting zero invariance at 4 degrees of visual angle. Similarly, there is confusion regarding the extent of translation tolerance in computational models of vision, as well as the degree of match between human and model performance. Here, we report a series of eye-tracking studies (total N = 70) demonstrating that novel objects trained at one retinal location can be recognized at high accuracy rates following translations up to 18 degrees. We also show that standard deep convolutional neural networks (DCNNs) support our findings when pretrained to classify another set of stimuli across a range of locations, or when a global average pooling (GAP) layer is added to produce larger receptive fields. Our findings provide a strong constraint for theories of human vision and help explain inconsistent findings previously reported with convolutional neural networks (CNNs).
Stochastic mesoscale circulation dynamics in the thermal ocean

In analogy with similar effects in adiabatic compressible fluid dynamics, the effects of buoyancy gradients on incompressible stratified flows are said to be `thermal'. The thermal rotating shallow water (TRSW) model equations contain three small nondimensional parameters. These are the Rossby number, the Froude number and the buoyancy parameter. Asymptotic expansion of the TRSW model equations in these three small parameters leads to the deterministic thermal versions of the Salmon's L1 (TL1) model and the thermal quasi-geostrophic (TQG) model, upon expanding in the neighbourhood of thermal quasi-geostrophic balance among the flow velocity and the gradients of free surface elevation and buoyancy. The linear instability of TQG at high wave number tends to create circulation at small scales. Such a high wave number instability could be unresolvable in many computational simulations, but its presence at small scales may contribute significantly to fluid transport at resolvable scales. Sometimes such effects are modelled via `stochastic backscatter of kinetic energy'. Here we try another approach. Namely, we model `stochastic transport' in the hierarchy of models TRSW/TL1/TQG. The models are derived via the approach of stochastic advection by Lie transport (SALT) as obtained from a recently introduced stochastic version of the Euler--Poincar\'e variational principle. We also indicate the potential next steps for applying these models in uncertainty quantification and data assimilation of the rapid, high wavenumber effects of buoyancy fronts at these three levels of description by using the data-driven stochastic parametrisation algorithms derived previously using the SALT approach.
Methyl and ethyl chloroformate derivatizations for compound-specific stable isotope analysis of fatty acids-II

Methyl (MCF) and ethyl chloroformate (ECF) derivatizations are potentially useful for rapid and simple esterifi cation (i.e., at room temperature for 5 min) prior to compound-specifi c stable isotope analysis (CSIA) of fatty acids. In this study, we have used acetonitrile as an organic solvent in the esterifi cation process to improve the yields of derivatives, and we evaluated whether the improved esterifi cation is suitable for carbon and hydrogen CSIA. Six saturated (14:0, 16:0, 18:0, 20:0, 22:0, and 24:0) and three unsaturated (18:1 n-9, 18:2 n-6, and 18:3 n-3) fatty acids were used in this study. The yields of derivatives are 67 – 107% for MCF and 84 – 89% for ECF derivatizations, which are approximately twice the yields obtained in MCF and ECF derivatizations that did not use acetonitrile. The accuracy of the CSIA is < ± 0.4‰ (1σ) for carbon and < ± 11‰ (1σ) for hydrogen, with no signifi cant differences in these uncertainties observed for saturated and unsaturated fatty acids. Thus, MCF and ECF derivatizations using acetonitrile are suitable for the CSIA of fatty acids.
STUDY OF ORGANOCHLORINE PESTICIDE RESIDUES IN WATER, SEDIMENT AND FISH TISSUE IN LAKE OHRID (MACEDONIA/ALBANIA)

A systematic study has been performed for determination of a range of organochlorine pesticides in the water, sediments and fish samples in the Macedonian part of the Lake Ohrid and its larger tributaries. The obtained results give an overview of the contamination levels of these problematic compounds (i) at their potential sources in the river mouths, (ii) in the potentially affected, species-rich littoral section of the lake, and (iii) in the muscle tissue of one selected fish species Barbus peloponnesius, Valenciennes, collected near the rivers’ deltas. The organochlorine pesticides measured in all three matrixes were: γ-HCH, ΣHCH (sum of α-isomer, β-isomer and δ-isomer), endosulfan (total of α and β endosulfan), DDT metabolites (p,p’-DDE, p,p’-DDD and p,p’-DDT). The range of the observed concentrations for p,p’-DDT was between 0.006 μg l –1 in the water samples from Daljan and St. Naum and 0.036 μg l –1 in the water from the Koselska River. The values for p,p’-DDT measured in dry sediment ranged from 0.121 μg kg –1 in the sample from St. Naum to 1.8 μg kg –1 in the dry sediment from the Velgoska River and between 0.553 μg kg –1 for total endosulfan and 5.982 μg kg –1 for p,p’-DDE of wet fish biomass. The most abundant of the detected organochlorine pesticides was the sum of DDT metabolic forms, i.e. p,p’-DDT, p,p’-DDE and p,p’-DDD. The detected concentrations are clearly below toxic thresholds and consequently severe effects on the endemic species of Lake Ohrid are not very likely.
Gas-Wall Partitioning of Oxygenated Organic Compounds: Measurements, Structure–Activity Relationships, and Correlation with Gas Chromatographic Retention Factor

Gas-wall partitioning of 50 oxygenated organic compounds was investigated by using gas chromatography to monitor time-dependent gas-phase concentrations of authentic standards added to a large Teflon environmental chamber. Compounds included C8–C14 monofunctional ketones and alcohols, C5–C9 monoacids, and C4–C10 diols with linear and cyclic structures. Measured time constants for reaching gas-wall partitioning equilibrium ranged from ∼10 to 100 min with an average value of ∼30 min and exhibited no obvious trend with compound structure, whereas the extent of equilibrium partitioning to the walls ranged from ∼0 to 100% and increased with increasing carbon number and with functional group composition in the order ketones < alcohols < monoacids < diols. When results were modeled using an approach analogous to one commonly used to describe absorptive gas-particle partitioning in terms of compound vapor pressure and aerosol mass loading it was determined that the absorptive properties of the Teflon film walls were equivalent to 2–36 mg m−3 of liquid organic aerosol particles. These results, when combined with those obtained in previous studies, indicate that most multifunctional products formed from the oxidation of atmospherically important hydrocarbons including isoprene, monoterpenes, aromatics, and alkanes have the potential to undergo significant partitioning to the walls of Teflon chambers and thus be lost from further chemical reaction and secondary organic aerosol formation as well as from gas and particle analyses. Two approaches for estimating equilibrium gas-wall partitioning in such studies are presented: one is a structure–activity relationship based on the absorptive gas-wall partitioning model and the other involves the use of observed correlations between gas-wall partitioning and compound retention on a gas chromatographic column. Copyright 2015 American Association for Aerosol Research
Electrochemistry of 1-Butyl-3-methyl-1H-imidazolium Tetrafluoroborate Ionic Liquid

The electrochemistry of l-butyl-3-methyl-1H-imidazolium tetrafluoroborate (BmimBF 4 ) ionic liquid was investigated by cyclic voltammetry and Osteryoung square wave voltammetry. Impurity chloride was identified, its concentration was determined and a way to eliminate it was demonstrated. Constant current electrolysis of BmimBF 4 was performed and products were analyzed by 1 H, 13 C, and 19 F-NMR and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. BF 3 and fluorocarbons are produced at the anode while Bmim + undergoes dimerization and dealkylation reactions at the cathode after reduction to a carbene.
Ni(II) complexes bearing pyrrolide-imine ligands with pendant N-, O- and S-donor groups: synthesis, structural characterization and use in ethylene oligomerization

A series of new Ni(II) complexes of general formula {L}NiCl [Ni1, L = 2-(C4H3N-2′-CHN)C2H4NHPh; Ni2, L = 5-tert-butyl-2-(C4H2N-2′-CHN)C2H4NHPh; Ni3, L = 2-(C4H3N-2′-CHN)C2H4OPh; Ni4, L = 2-(C4H3N-2′-CHN)C6H4-2′-OPh; Ni5, L = 2-(C4H3N-2′-CHN)C6H4-2′-SPh; Ni6, L = 2-(C4H3N-2′-CHN)CH2C6H4-2′-OMe] were prepared and fully characterized. All nickel precatalysts, activated with methylaluminoxane (MAO), exhibited moderate to good activities for ethylene oligomerization [TOF = 6.1–71.3 × 103 mol (C2H4) (mol (Ni)−1 h−1)] and producing high selectivities for 1-butene (68.3–94.0 wt%). The catalytic performance was substantially affected by the ligand environment regarding the pendant oxygen- and sulfur-donor groups, and the substituents on the pyrrolide group. Activation of nickel precatalyst Ni3 with ethylaluminum sesquichloride (Et3Al2Cl3, EASC) instead of MAO produced a significantly more productive catalyst system than Ni2/MAO (TOF = 153 700 vs. 43 500 mol (C2H4) (mol (Ni)−1 h−1)); however, the 1-butene selectivity was drastically reduced, attaining only 53 wt% with a concomitant production of larger amounts of internal butenes (38 wt%). Under optimized conditions ([Ni] = 10 μmol, 30 °C, oligomerization time = 20 min, 20 bar ethylene, [Al]/[Ni] = 250), precatalyst Ni3 led to a TOF = 55 900 mol (C2H4) (mol (Ni)−1 h−1) and 82.8 wt% selectivity for 1-butene.
Multi-qubit circuit quantum electrodynamics

5 Deutschsprachige Zusammenfassung 7 List of publications 9 1 What set the stage for circuit QED 11 2 Introduction to circuit QED 15 2.1 Superconducting qubits . 15 2.2 Basics of circuit cavity QED . 36 2.3 State of the art in circuit QED . 49 2.4 Towards larger systems . 60 2.4.1 This thesis . 62 3 Superradiant phase transitions in circuit QED 65 3.1 Superradiant phase transitions . 65 3.2 The no-go theorem . 68 3.3 What happens in circuit QED? 69 3.4 Publication: Superradiant phase transitions and the standard description of circuit QED . 70 4 Quantum simulations of non-equilibrium spin chains in circuit QED 89 4.1 Quantum simulations and non-equilibrium dynamics . 89 4.2 State of the art in quantum simulations . 91 4.3 So why use circuit QED? 94 4.4 The quantum transverse-field Ising chain . 95 4.5 Publication: Observing the nonequilibrium dynamics of the transverse-field Ising chain in circuit QED . 96 4.6 Publication: The quantum transverse-field Ising chain in circuit quantum electrodynamics: effects of disorder on the nonequilibrium dynamics . 112 4.7 Experimental implementation . 138
"fine-tuning" of ribosomal structure and functions by pseudouridylation and rna-protein interactions

FINE-TUNING” OF RIBOSOME STRUCTURE AND FUNCTIONS BY PSEUDOURIDYLATION AND RNA-PROTEIN INTERACTIONS by JUN JIANG August 2012 Advisor: Prof. John SantaLucia Jr. Major: Chemistry (Biochemistry) Degree: Doctor of Philosophy Ribosomal structure and functions appear to be “fine-tuned” by pseudouridylation and RNA-protein interactions. Pseudouridylation may promote base stacking interactions by mediating the base stacking between residues on both sides. In the RNA duplex region, this enhanced stacking interaction contributes to stabilization of duplex folding. In the loop region, enhanced stacking in one structural motif may destabilize the conformation of adjacent structural residues. This hypothesis is supported by UV-melting experiments, where pseudouridylation significantly stabilized H69 stem duplex folding, while destabilize the loop conformation. In addition, NMR also supports this hypothesis. The NMR structure of H69UUU shows that there are interruptions of base stacking between steps U1915 to A1916, and U1917 to A1918. The NMR structure and crystal structures of H69ΨΨΨ shows that Ψ1915 and Ψ1917 (E. coli numbering) mediate the extensive stacking. The dynamic property was also revealed in the NMR spectrum of H69ΨΨΨ (C1914), which suggests that the enhanced stacking interactions from Ψ1915 to C1924 may contribute to the
Karakteristik Pemikiran Islam Nuruddin Ar-Raniry

Abstract: In the 17th century, during the time of Sultan Iskandar Thani, Muslims in Aceh had known and had contact with Sufi ideology of Wahdatul Wujuh, the belief about God, nature, human and wujudiyyah as well as other philosophical ideologies. This perception attracts the Islamic scholars, including Muslim scholars, because it offers a new ideology as opposed to that embraced by Ar-Raniry. Ar-Raniry had a lot of expertise beside Sufi such as theologians, expert in Islamic jurisprudence, scholars of hadith, historians, experts in comparative religion, and politicians. Hamzah Fansuri's rational of this belief was considered as conflicting to the teachings of Islam (understood by Ar-Raniry) which eventually led to controversies among the Muslim communities. Despite the controversies continued to emerge, the understanding of the new ideology by ArRaniry was growing like mushrooms in the rainy season. In opposing the wujudiyyah ideology by Hamzah Fansuri that had become the belief of the people at that time, there are four specification points of his thinking, namely; God, nature, people and wujudiyyah. These four points were used as the bases by Ar-Raniry in opposing Fansuri Hamzah and his followers. Abstrak: Pada abad 17, pada masa Sultan Iskandar Tsani, umat Islam saat itu mengenal dan bersinggungan dengan pemikiran sufi wahdatul wujuh keyakinan tentang Tuhan, alam, manusia, wujudiyyah dan pemahaman filsafat lainnya. Pemahaman ini menggiurkan para ulama, termasuk sarjana muslim, karena menawarkan aliran baru yang dianut oleh Ar-Raniry. Ar-Raniry memiliki banyak keahlian selain sebagai sufi, juga ahli teolog, ahli fikih, ahli hadis, sejarahwan, ahli perbandingan agama, dan politisi. Wacana rasional Hamzah Fansuri keyakinan ini dianggap bertentangan dengan ajaran Islam (yang dipahami Ar-Raniry) yang akhirnya melahirkan kontroversi di kalangan masyarakat muslim. Meskipun kontroversi terus bermunculan, namun paham aliran baru Ar-Raniry ini terus berkembang bagaikan jamur di musim hujan. Dalam menentang paham wujudiyyah Hamzah Fansuri yang sudah menjadi keyakinan bagi masyarakat pada waktu itu, ada empat poin mengenai spesifikasi dari pemikirannya, yaitu; Tuhan, alam, manusia dan wujudiyyah. Empat landasan inilah yang dijadikan pijakan Ar-Raniry dalam menentang Hamzah Fansuri dan pengikutnya.
Spectroscopy Investigation of Ferroelectric Liquid Crystals Composed of Banana-Shaped Achiral Molecules

Banana-shaped liquid crystal called F-490 composed of achiral molecules has been examined by means of polarizing microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) as well as optical (visible and UV) and dielectric spectroscopy methods. The results show phase diagram of this compound. It forms monotropic liquid crystal phase called B2 which is antiferroelectric. Moreover the formation of solid phase depends upon thermal history.
Micro-Raman study of Ba1 − xSrxTiO3 ceramics

A Raman spectroscopic study was performed to investigate Ba1−xSrxTiO3 ceramics prepared using a solid-state reaction technique. A single-phase perovskite structure of the ceramics was verified and no mechanical stresses or grain size effects were identified within the sensitivity of the Raman micro-probe. The tetragonal to cubic transition temperature that was found to decrease linearly from 137 to 7 °C with increasing Sr content from x = 0.00 to x = 0.35 corroborated the dielectric results on single crystals. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Computational studies of cell-penetrating peptides interactions with complex membranes models

Membrane active peptides with the ability to cross the plasma membrane represent a promising class of therapeutic compounds. However, translocation efficacy and membrane toxicity of these peptides appear correlated and a better understanding of their mechanisms of action is needed to achieve the desired effect. Here, a range of coarse grain molecular dynamics simulations have been performed to systematically investigate the interactions of such cellpenetrating peptides (CPPs) with biologically relevant membranes. Challenges associated to the development of a suitable asymmetric mammalian membrane model demonstrated the importance of lipid species distribution on the bilayer mechanical properties, as well as the effect of coarse graining on its electrostatic properties. However, simulations successfully discriminated between two CPPs, penetratin and transportan, and were consistent with the experimental data available for these. The results obtained suggest that the ability of transportan peptides to aggregate into flexible, dynamic, transmembrane bundles is responsible for their relative membrane toxicity. The stability and structure of these aggregates, as well as the extent of the bilayer perturbations they induced, were shown to depend on the membrane composition and asymmetry, thus providing a molecular basis to explain how the toxicity of CPPs is modulated by membranes. In particular, bilayer destabilisation was enhanced by the presence of anionic lipids and hampered by that of cholesterol. Transportan aggregates were also observed to trigger lipid flip-flops above a certain size and a new pathway for such events, not relying on the formation of water defects, was characterised.
Internal stresses in titanium, nickel, molybdenum, and tantalum films deposited by cylindrical magnetron sputtering

Measurements of internal stresses in thin sputtered films of Ti, Ni, Mo, and Ta confirm the onset of compression at low working pressures, as reported earlier for Cr [D. W. Hoffman and J. A. Thornton (in press) Thin Solid Films (Jan. 1977)]. Deposition from cylindrical magnetron sputtering sources gives access to a wide range of low working gas pressures with minimal substrate heating. The transition to compressive film stress at low sputtering pressures is abrupt, and occurs at threshold pressures that increase markedly with the atomic mass of the coating material. Moreover, the electrical resistivity and optical reflectance exhibit transitions in their sputtering‐pressure dependence that shift to higher pressures for the heavier elements. It appears therefore that the transitions in film stress, resistivity, and reflectance are general phenomena caused by an underlying change in the deposition process. A peening mechanism due to energetic particle bombardment is suggested. Data are presented for Ti, Ni, Mo, and Ta films, up to 0.4 μm thick, sputtered onto glass substates at a nominal deposition rate of 1 nm/s, over the pressure range 0.13–4.0 Pa of argon.
Synthesis of Crystalline Americium Hydroxide, Am(OH)3 and Determination of its Enthalpy of Formation; Estimation of the Solubility-Product Constants of Actinide(III) Hydroxides

This paper reports a new synthesis of pure, microcrystalline Am(OH){sub 3}, its characterization by x-ray powder diffraction and infrared spectroscopy, and the calorimetric determination of its enthalpy of solution in dilute hydrochloric acid. From the enthalpy of solution the enthalpy of formation of Am(OH){sub 3} has been calculated to be {minus}1371.2{plus_minus}7.9 kj{center_dot}mol{sup {minus}1}, which represents the first experimental determination of an enthalpy of formation of any actinide hydroxide. The free energy of formation and solubility product constant of Am(OH){sub 3} (K{sub sp} = 7 {times} 10{sup {minus}31}) have been calculated from our enthalpy of formation and entropy estimates and are compared with literature measurements under near-equilibrium conditions. Since many properties of the tripositive lanthanide and actinide ions (e.g., hydrolysis, complex-ion formation, and thermochemistry) change in a regular manner, these properties can be interpreted systematically in terms of ionic size. This paper compares the thermochemistry of Am(OH){sub 3} with thermochemical studies of lanthanide hydroxides. A combined structural and acid-base model is used to explain the systematic differences in enthalpies of solution between the oxides and hydroxides of the 4f{sup n} and 5f{sup n} subgroups and to predict solubility-product constants for the actinide(III) hydroxides of Pu through Cf.
Role of root exudates on the sorption of arsenate by ferrihydrite

Iron oxy‐hydroxides in soil are known to have a large affinity for arsenate (As(V)) inorganic species. At the soil–root interface such mineral components are embedded by mucilaginous material that is secreted from continuously growing root cap cells. In order to determine the role of plant mucilages in As(V) sorption by iron oxy‐hydroxides, we layered a calcium (Ca)‐polygalacturonate network (CaPGA) on to amorphous iron (Fe) (III) hydroxide (ferrihydrite, Fh) particles. The scanning electron micrographs of the CaPGA network coating the ferrihydrite (Fh–CaPGA) show a regular structure with a honeycomb‐like pattern where interlacing fibrils form a porous system. The FT‐IR spectra of Fh–CaPGA suggest that CaPGA fibrils are retained by the surface Fe(III) nuclei of Fh through electrostatic interactions. The sorption experiments carried out at pH 4.3 and 5.8 indicated a smaller amount of As(V) sorbed by Fh–CaPGA than by Fh alone, being less after 3 and 24 hours of reaction by about 70 and 30%, respectively. The sorption of As(V) by Fh was also studied in the presence of caffeic acid (CAF), an important root exudate. Simultaneous sorption kinetics show that As(V) sorption by Fh is almost independent of CAF concentration, indicating a greater affinity of arsenate ions towards the Fh surfaces. However, the amount of As(V) sorbed by the Fh coated by CaPGA, in the presence of 0.25, 0.5 and 1.0 mm CAF, is markedly smaller by about 20, 27 and 40%, respectively, than that found in the As(V)–CAF‐Fh ternary systems. This is caused mainly by redox reactions involving CAF and the surface Fe(III) nuclei of Fh leading to the formation of CAF oxidation products which prevent As(V) sorption.