Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Fontes e doses de nitrogênio na produção de porta-enxertos de pitombeira, Talisia esculenta Radlk

EnglishIn order to test source and dose of nitrogen for the production of rootstocks pitombeira the experiment was conducted in nursery seedling production, covered with screen 50% shade, of the Universidade Federal Rural do Semiarido- UFERSA in from August 2009 to July 2010, and tested two nitrogen sources (urea and ammonium sulfate) and five doses (0, 400, 800, 1,600 and 3,200 mg dm-3 and N) in the substrate, applied in coverage, divided 5 times. The experimental design was randomized blocks in factorial scheme 2 x 5, where we used two sources and five doses of nitrogen, with ten treatments and four replications and ten plants per plot. Were evaluated: number of leaves, stem diameter (mm), plant height (cm), root length (cm), shoot dry matter (g / changes), root dry matter (g / changes), raw total dry matter (g / changes) and relative dry matter of shoot and root dry matter. Nitrogen fertilization promoted an increase in the production of rootstocks pitombeira, regardless of source. The greatest value of the dry mass of shoots of rootstock pitombeira was 2.1 g-1 rootstock, when applied to 613.6 mg dm-3 nitrogen. portuguesCom o objetivo de testar fonte e dose de nitrogenio para a producao de porta-enxertos de pitombeira foi conduzido o experimento em viveiro de producao de mudas, coberto com tela de 50% de sombra, da Universidade Federal Rural do Semiarido (UFERSA), no periodo de agosto de 2009 a julho de 2010, sendo testadas duas fontes de nitrogenio (ureia e sulfato de amonio) e cinco doses (0; 400; 800; 1.600 e 3.200 mg dm3 de N) no substrato, aplicadas em cobertura, parceladas em 5 vezes. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o de blocos ao acaso em esquema fatorial 2 x 5, onde utilizou-se duas fontes e cinco doses de nitrogenio, com dez tratamentos, 4 repeticoes e dez plantas por parcela. Foram avaliados: numero de folhas, diâmetro do colo (mm), altura da planta (cm), comprimento da raiz (cm), materia seca da parte aerea (g/muda), materia seca da raiz (g/muda), materia seca total (g/muda) e relacao materia seca da parte aerea e materia seca da raiz. A adubacao nitrogenada promoveu um incremento na producao de porta- enxertos de pitombeira, independente da fonte. O maior valor da massa seca da parte aerea de porta-enxertos de pitombeira foi de 2,1 g porta-enxertos-1 , quando aplicou-se 613,6 mg dm-3 de nitrogenio.
Heterogeneity of linalool chemotypes of Lippia alba (Mill.) N.E.Br., based on clonal half-sib progenies

Lippia alba (Mill.) N.E. Br. is an aromatic and medicinal shrub native to the American continent. Despite its potential as a source of essential oil for the pharmaceutical and cosmetics industries, few selection and genetic improvement studies have been carried out. The aim of this study was to provide genetic information on this species for breeding programs, showing its selection potential, by investigating clonal half-sib progenies. The following characteristics were evaluated per plant: leaf dry mass (LDM), total dry mass (TDM), leaf yield (LY), essential oil yield (EOY) and oil production (OP). Estimates were made for the several genetic parameters including absolute genetic gain at 30% selection intensity, correlations and relative contribution of additive and environmental effects to phenotypic correlation. Two experimental trials on 30 progenies were conducted: one in Campinas, state of Sao Paulo (SP), Brazil, with two harvests of the aerial part, and one in Monte Alegre do Sul, SP, Brazil, with only one harvest. The trials were conducted in a randomized block design consisting of subplots with three replications, each plot (progeny) consisting of 8 to 15 clonally-replicated plants with subplot harvesting. Variations were detected between progenies and harvests, as well as progeny/harvest interactions in the split plot experiment. High heritability and genetic gains were obtained at both sites for LDM, TDM and OP. The lowest variations among progenies were obtained for LY and EOY, highlighting selection problems. Negative additive genetic correlations were obtained for EOY × LDM, EOY × TDM, LY × TDM and LY × LDM. Selection for LDM resulted in increased oil production per plant (OP), even where there was a negative correlation between LDM × EOY.
Lethal genes in a parthenogenetic strain of Megoura viciae Buckt. (Hom. Aphid)

Abstract Lethal genes in a parthenogenetic strain of Megoura viciae Buckt. (Hom. Aphid) In a strain of Megoura viciae a correlation was found between the appearance of abortive eggs and male sex determination. Numbers of viable and abortive male eggs show good agreement between the experimental results and those predicted on the hypothesis that the number of viable and abortive male eggs is the same. Inviability of the male egg is caused probably by the emergence of recessive lethal gene(s) carried by the monosomic male sex X chromosome.
From stem cell to astrocyte: Decoding the regulation of GFAP

The research presented in this thesis focuses on glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), the main intermediate filament (IF) in astrocytes and astrocyte subpopulations such as neural stem cells (NSCs). In neurodegenerative diseases or upon brain damage, astrocytes respond to an injury with an upregulation of IF proteins such as GFAP. Expression of GFAP is also highly regulated during development of the mammalian brain, where initiation of GFAP expression induces astrocyte differentiation in NSCs. The GFAP gene is alternatively spliced, and the canonical isoform GFAPα and an alternative spliced form GFAPδ represent the most abundant isoforms. In contrast to GFAPα, GFAPδ is assembly compromised and its expression levels are a crucial determinant of IF network assembly. Our research has shown that a specialized GFAP network, induced by expression of an alternatively spliced isoform GFAPδ, modulates astrocyte motility, adhesion, and production of extracellular matrix proteins. Hence, modulation of the GFAP isoform signature modulates astrocyte function, which highlights the importance of a tight regulation of GFAP alternative splicing. In this respect, we unraveled that epigenetic modifications such as histone acetylation and transcriptional regulators, like Notch, are integral components in the control of GFAP isoform expression. Future research will focus on the mechanism of how GFAP, as part of the cytoskeleton, acts as a signaling platform in the cell to regulate vital cellular functions such as proliferation, motility, and adhesion of astrocytes.
Sakarya yöresinde buğday kök ve kökboğazı çürüklüğüne neden olan hastalık etmenlerinin belirlenmesi ve bu etmenlerin buğday yetiştirme teknikleri ile ilişkileri üzerinde araştırmalar.

Diese Arbeit wurde von 1991 bis ende 1992 an Weizensorten in Sakarya durchgefuhrt. Diese Untersuchungen wurden im Mais Forschungsinstitut fur Pflanzenzuchtung in Sakarya, uber die Getreidefusskrankheitserreger untersucht. Mit diesem Zweck wurden nach "Systematische-Vorbildungsmethoden" im Untersuchungsgebiet fast 112 Weizenpflanzenproben gesammeln (Bora und Karaca 1970), und werde meisten die routinemaessige Blottermethoden angewenden. Hiermit wurde im Untersuchungsgebiet eine durchschnittliche Fusskrankheitsintensitaet von 63.90% festgestellt. Die festgestellten Erreger sind unten: Rhizoctonia cerealis Kuhn. , Alternaria alternata (Fr.) Keissler, Fusarium graminearum Schwabe , F. moniliforme Snyd. et Hans, F.equiseti (Corda)Sacc. , F.culmorum Sacc. , Acremonium kiliense Gruts, Drechslera sorokiniana Subram.and Jain , Pseudocercosporella herpotrichoides (Fron.) Deighton , Ophiobolus graminis Sacc. , Phoma spp . , Pythium graminicolum Subr. und Stemphylium herbarum Rabenh.
Offspring Growth in a Diallel Crossbreeding with Three Strains of Nile Tilapia Oreochromis niloticus

— A complete diallel crossing of three strains, Stirling, Korean and Local, was used to evaluate heterosis of intraspecific crossbreeding on early growth of Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus. All possible F-1 hybrid offspring were obtained and their growth rates to 90 d were compared. The specific heterosis for F-1 hybrids in Stirling × Korean, Stirling × Local and Korean × Local crosses were 7.61, 5.63 and 7.70 for weight, and 0.47, 0.26 and 0.55 for length, respectively. The purebred Stirling strain showed better growth than the other two strains (P < 0.05). When growth of F-1 hybrids was compared between sexes, males grew more rapidly than females (P < 0.05). However, no differences were observed in growth of male or female between hybrid groups. Purebred males in the Stirling strain were slightly heavier than those in the Korean and Local strains, and Local × Stirling, Korean × Local and Local × Korean crosses. However, in purebred females Stirling was superior to Korean, but not the Local strain and all F-1 hybrid crosses. Implications to choose the appropriate strains for developing a breeding program of tilapia are also discussed.
Localization of 2, 2, 7-trimethylguanosine, SC-35 and TIAR in Ameloblast Nuclei of the Rat Incisor, and Their Disappearance during Apoptosis

Spliceosomal components, U class snRNA and SC-35, were investigated using anti-2, 2, 7-trimethylguanosine (m3G) antibody for snRNA and anti-SC-35 antibody by immunofluorescence and immunoelectron microscopy in normal and apoptotic ameloblasts. Nuclear substructures, interchromatin granule clusters (IGCs) and perichromatin fibrils (PFs), were positive to anti-m3G antibody and anti-SC-35 antibody. Most of the apoptotic nuclei were not labeled by either antibody, although some were labeled by immunofluorescence microscopy. In earlier apoptotic nuclei, antim3G localized in a scattered pattern in the interchromatin space in immunoelectron microscopy. TIAR, a member of the RNA binding proteins with an RNA recognition motif and an effector of apoptosis, localized in the normal ameloblast nucleus, but was mostly lacking in the apoptotic nuclei, excepting occasional diffuse labeling in immunofluorescence microscopy. These results suggest that in addition to nuclear chromatin condensation, rearrangement of interchromatin space including IGCs and PFs occurs during apoptosis, further implying that the modulation of gene transcription and splicing may be accompanied by nuclear changes during the process.
Structural investigation on the electrostatic loop of native and mutated SOD1 and their interaction with therapeutic compounds

A β-sheet cytosolic enzymatic protein, [Cu–Zn superoxide dismutase 1, (Cu–Zn SOD1)] not only neutralizes superoxide radicals but also catalyses their disproportionation into hydrogen peroxide and molecular oxygen. The structure and activity of the SOD1 protein depend on two important loops, viz. Zn-binding and an electrostatic loop [E-loop]. In this work, the electrostatic loop of the SOD1 protein in the native and mutated states with single point mutation in the loop, viz. D124V, D125H and S134N, is subjected to molecular dynamics simulation for a period of 50 000 ps. The mutated E-loops are docked with four different chemical compounds, viz. 5-fluorouridine, isoproteranol, 4-(4-methyl-1,4-diazepan-1-yl)-2-(trifluromethyl) quinazoline and uridine-5-monophosphate. The structures with larger binding affinity are again subjected to molecular dynamics simulation for a period of 50 000 ps. The structure and electrostatic properties of the mutated E-loops before and after interacting with the chemical compounds are compared with those of the E-loop in the native state. It is found that the chemical compounds reduce the effect of the E-loop in the mutated SOD1 proteins by reorienting the mutated E-loop in such a way that it exhibits structural and electrostatic properties close to those of the E-loop in the native state. Among the different chemical compounds of interest, uridine-5-monophosphate is found to exhibit better interaction, which helps to reduce the rapid aggregation of the SOD1 protein due to Familial Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis [FALS] mutations. Molecular dynamics simulation for the mutated E-loops generates an ensemble of configurations, and the conformational sampling in these configurations is examined using the free energy profile.
Climate Change and Thermal Comfort: Implications for Building Design in Southern Nigeria

One of the greatest challenges facing the world in this century is the twin phenomena of global warming and environmental degradation with their consequential effects. There are growing cases of ocean surge, desert encroachment, hurricanes, earthquakes, tsunamis, acid rain, heat stress, flash floods, etc. which have been claiming many lives and rendering several million homeless. Recent scientific studies have predicted that these events, rather than subsiding, would be more severe and more frequent in the future, with many of the developing countries most vulnerable. This suggests that man’s response to these challenges should not be limited to combating efforts alone but should also include adequate adaptation strategies that would minimise the impending disasters. This paper examines the science of global warming and its implications on thermal comfort in buildings in Southern Nigeria. It contends that as the area becomes warmer, the cooling potential of natural ventilation in the area would be reduced with fatal consequences. The paper closes by highlighting certain design strategies that could minimise the impending catastrophes. Keywords : Architectural Design, Climate Change, Global Warming, Hot-Humid Climate, Thermal Comfort
Surface Activity and Body Temperature of Eastern Hognose Snakes (Heterodon platirhinos) at Cape Cod National Seashore, Massachusetts USA

Abstract Snakes, as ectotherms, rely heavily on environmental temperature to drive physiological processes. Activity in terrestrial snakes is influenced heavily by environmental temperature, but climatic, temporal, and ecological factors play a role as well. Understanding when and under what conditions a species is most likely to be active on the surface can be important when dealing with a cryptic species and a species that occurs at low densities. Surface activity, body temperature (Tb), and microclimatic data were collected during a study of 17 Heterodon platirhinos in an early-successional sand-dune ecosystem from 2009 to 2011 using temperature-sensitive radiotransmitters. Mean Tb (27.9°C, SE = 0.24) and Tb range (5.5–39.5°C) were similar to those reported in other studies of H. platirhinos. Females were generally more active than males, except in September when males may be searching for mates. Mixed-effects logistic regression was used to assess the relationship between snake surface activity and selected microclimatic and temporal variables. Hours postsunrise and relative humidity emerged as the top variables influencing surface activity in gravid females. Hours postsunrise and ambient air temperature emerged as the top variables influencing surface activity in males. Our data suggest that activity in H. platirhinos occurs as a function of several environmental, temporal, and ecological factors and varies on the basis of sex and reproductive class. When considering activity, future studies on terrestrial ectotherms should consider not only the relationships of sex, but of reproductive class as well.
Current population trends mirror forecasted changes in climatic suitability for Swedish breeding birds

Capsule Swedish breeding bird species that are predicted to experience a more suitable climate by 2050 are currently increasing in numbers. Aims To test, for a large set of breeding birds, if recent population trends mirror the changes in predicted climatic suitability across the Swedish distribution range, and to test if considering natal dispersal improves the fit of the predictive models. Methods Recent decadal population trends of 131 species of birds breeding in Sweden were compared to forecasted change in their future national distribution range by 2050, as simulated by suitability distribution models using climate and natal dispersal scenarios. Two other potential predictors of recent demographic trends are controlled for – namely habitat specialization and generation time. Results The 1998–2009 population trends were positively correlated with predicted changes in distribution range. Thus, forecasted changes in climatic suitability predict recent population trends. Accounting for the species-specific natal dispersal provided only a slightly better fit. Conclusion Recent climate change has affected the population size of Swedish breeding birds. Climatic suitability models can be an efficient tool for predicting the impacts of climate change on the abundance of birds.
Cytogenetic Analysis of Transgenic Rabbit Offspring Resulting from the F4 Generations

The present study was conducted to determine whether the chromosomal aberrations accompanied by production of transgenic rabbit could transmit through generations or abnormal cells are apparently eliminated through offspring. Two lines of transgenic and non-transgenic offspring (F4 generation), each from the same litters were produced by breeding transgenic females with non-transgenic male (line I) and transgenic females with transgenic male (line II). Altogether 5 transgenic and 3 non-transgenic rabbits from line I and 5 transgenic and 2 non-transgenic rabbits from line II, of about 9 months old were analyzed. Transgenic rabbits were produced in F0 generation by microinjection of mWAP-hFVIII gene construct into male pronucleus of fertilized eggs from superovulated New Zealand white or Californian rabbits. Samples from bone marrow cells were collected from transgenic and non-transgenic rabbits for chromosomal analysis. The results indicated that, the frequencies of chromosomal abnormalities increased significantly (p<0.01) in the fourth generations of transgenic rabbits expressing recombinant human clotting Factor VIII in their mammary gland. Both numerical aberrations as polyploidy and structural aberrations as fragments, deletion, centromeric attenuations and chromatid gaps were recorded. The percentage of chromosomal aberrations in transgenic F4 offspring was 2.61% for numerical and 3.37% for structural ones. Polyploidy and fragments were more frequent types of aberrations that were reported in bone marrow cells of all examined rabbits. It is concluded that, chromosomal abnormalities were transmitted to the fourth generation of transgenic rabbit offspring by low percentage. So, it will be necessary to use cytogenetic analysis for eliminating any animal with chromosomal aberrations and this will help in selecting the optimal lines for dissemination.
Effect of Weed Management Methods on the Growth and Yield of Ginger in Jimma, Ethiopia

A field experiment was carried out at Jimma Agricultural Research Center to determine the best weeding practice for ginger under Jimma condition. The experiment was carried out between 2010 and 2011 cropping seasons.Ginger was subjected to nine weeding regimes using randomized complete block design with three replications The treatments were: hand weeding at 30,60,90,120,150 & 180 days after planting, hand weeding at 45,75,105,135 &165 days after planting, hand weeding at 60,90,120,& 150 days after planting, mulching at planting followed by hand weeding at 45 and 75 days after planting, mulching at planting followed by hand weeding at 60 and 90 days after planting, hand weeding at 30 and60 days after planting followed by mulching once followed by one hand weeding as needed, hand weeding at 45 and 75 days after planting followed by mulching once followed by one hand weeding as needed, weed free and weedy controls. The result showed that the major weeds recorded were: Cynodon spp. , Cyprus spp. , Digitaria spp. / Commelina spp. , Bidens pilosa, and Ageratum conyzoides. The result also reveled that ginger rhizome yield was highly significantly (p<0.1) affected by weeding regimes in both years that as hand weeding frequency increased ginger yield also increased. The result reveled that one early hand weeding applied between 30 and 45 days after planting was critical for high yield of ginger. When the first hand weeding was delayed up to 60 days from planting yield of ginger was reduced tremendously. However, the result showed that by mulching ginger at planting the first hand weeding can be delayed up to 60 days without yield being affected. Mulching ginger at planting followed by two hand weeding at 60 and 90 days gave similar yield compared with the weed free treatment where plots were kept free of any weed growth and the most frequently weeded treatment with six hand weeding frequencies. Similarly, hand weeding at 30 and 60 days followed by mulching once also gave comparable yield with the weed free treatment. In addition, the result also revealed that mulching at planting enhanced the fast germination and emergence of ginger compared with none mulched ginger. On the other hand, the result also showed that ginger was poor competitor of weed competition that ginger growth was affected as hand weeding was delayed beyond 30 days after planting. The highest weed biomass was recorded from the control treatment and when weeding was totally ignored yield reduction as a result of uncontrolled weed growth amounted 100 % under Jimma condition