Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Research on the Influence of the Manufacturing Process Conditions of Iron Sintered with the Addition of Layered Lubricating Materials on its Selected Properties

The purpose of the conducted experiments was to test the selected properties of materials intended for porous sintered bearings containing layered materials in the form of powders with an average particle size of 0.5–1.5 μm, with very good tribological properties. The subject of the research was a sinter based on iron powder with the addition of layered materials; molybdenum disulfide MoS2 (average particle size 1.5 μm), tungsten disulfide WS2 (average particle size 0.6 μm), hexagonal boron nitride, h-BN (average particle size 0.5 and 1.5 μm) with two different porosities. The article presents the results of density and porosity tests, compressive strength, metallographic and tribological tests and the assessment of changes in the surface condition occurring during the long storage period. The use of layered additives allows for an approximately 20% lower coefficient of friction. In the case of sulfides, the technological process of pressing 250 MPa, 350 MPa, and sintering at a temperature of 1120 °C allows us to obtain a material with good strength and tribological properties, better than in the case of h-BN. However, the main problem is the appearance of elements from the decomposition of sulfide compounds in the material matrix, which results in rapid material degradation. In hexagonal boron nitride, such disintegration under these conditions does not occur; the material as observed does not degrade. In this case, the material is characterized by lower hardness, resulting from a different behavior of hexagonal boron nitride in the pressing and sintering process; in this case, pressing at a pressure of 350 MPa seems to be too low. However, taking into account that even with these technological parameters, the obtained material containing 2.5% h-BN with an average grain size of 1.5 μm allowed obtaining a coefficient of friction at the level of 0.41, which, with very good material durability, seems to be very positive news before further tests.
Pakistani English Press during War on Terror: A Media Conformity Approach

The present research focused on how much Pakistani English press tracked the foreign policy stance of the Pakistani government in the presentation of incidents related to the war on terror. Pakistani authorities reinforced war on terror and Afghanistan war but did not support the US invasion of Iraq in 2003. For the present analysis, the editorials of Dawn and the Nation were selected from 12 September 2001 to 11 September 2003. Thematic analysis of the editorial coverage through NVIVO 10 was conducted. It was found that, during the war against Afghanistan that took place in 2001, Pakistani English press did not support the Pakistani governments stance. Many critical themes were noted from the data. However, during Iraq war that happened in 2003, Pakistani English press toed the Pakistani governments policy during and stressed the government to take more proactive stance against Iraq war. Overall, it could be stated that the Pakistani English press partially conformed the foreign policy stance of Pakistani government.
Changes in Life Quality of Chronic Kidney Disease Patients with Hemodialysis Who Are Given Vitamin B1, B6, and B12 Parenterally

Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a disease that causes a progressive decrease in kidney function, which can end in kidney failure disease and will have an impact on decreasing quality of life. Previous research has shown that by giving vitamins B1, B6, and B12 can improve quality of life. Aim: To measure changes in quality of life in patients with chronic kidney disease who were given vitamins B1, B6, and B12 parenterally. Material and Methods: This study used quasi experimental (one group pre and post test) in 117 patients who were selected in Bethesda Hospital and Panti Rapih Hospital Yogyakarta hemodialysis unit. Patients were given vitamins B Combination injections twice a week in each hemodialysis for 4 weeks. Quality of life was measured by SF-8 questionnaire on the first day of hemodialysis before given vitamins (pre-test) and on the 30th day, after eight injection of vitamins B1, B6, and B12 (post test). Results: The mean age of observed patients were 51.58 ± 12.51 years. From 117 patients, 73 patients (62,4%) were male and 44 patients (37.6%) were female. The improvement in overall quality of life in patients was not significant (p= 0.055). Quality of life improvement was only significant in the male group (p = 0.016). Conclusion: There was no significant difference after 4-weeks-injections of vitamins B Combination to the overall quality of life in chronic kidney disease patients undergoing hemodialysis. But there was found a significant improvement in quality of life in the male patients with chronic kidney disease who had hemodialysis.
More on Money Mining and Price Dynamics: Competing and Divisible Currencies

We develop a random-matching model to study the price dynamics of divisible monies produced privately by using a time-consuming mining technology. There exists a unique equilibrium where the value of money increases until it reaches a steady state. There is also a continuum of perfect-foresight equilibria indexed by the starting value of the currency where the price of money inflates and bursts over time. Early on private money is held for a speculative motive and it acquires a transactional role when money supply becomes sufficiently abundant. We study gold- and crypto-mining technologies, fiat and commodity monies, single and competing currencies.
Micro-contactors for kinetic estimation of multiphase chemistries

The revolutionary Alpha process developed by Lucite International (LI) is an industrially advantageous process over the traditional route of acetone cyanhydrin for the production of methyl methacrylate (MMA). The Alpha process entails two stages. The first stage is an homogeneous catalysis process, a methoxycarbonylation reaction which produces methyl propionate (MeP) from ethylene, CO and methanol using a Pd catalyst stabilised with the 1,2-bis(di-tert-butylphosphinomethyl)benzene (dtbpx) phosphine ligand developed by LI. As it is known, kinetics are important for reactor modelling and simulation, interpretation of reaction mechanisms and catalytic phenomena. The kinetics of the methoxycarbonylation reaction are the subject of this research project and have been studied using a 2 L autoclave reactor and a 0.573 ml volume and 11.7 m length capillary microreactor with similar results. A bespoke experimental rig was designed and built to accommodate the micro devices. A theoretical investigation on the significance of mass transfer effects was undertaken to assess the significance of mass transfer limitations and both reactors were found to operate in the kinetic regime. A hydrodynamics study of Taylor flow under reaction conditions in a 6 m, 0.25 mm ID capillary microreactor was conducted to provide better understanding of the flow and improve its characteristics before the execution of kinetic experiments. The effects of methanol and Pd concentration, CO and ethylene partial pressure on the reaction rate have been studied. The reaction was found to be first and zero order with respect to methanol and ethylene respectively while the fractional order of 0.74 was derived with respect to Pd. CO inhibition kinetics were observed for high CO partial pressures and the reaction order was found to shift from positive to negative at pCO equal to 1.8 bar. The effect of temperature has been investigated in the range 80-120 oC and the activation energy was found to be 53 kJ/mol. A molecular level approach was used to derive a rate equation assuming the methanolysis step as the rate-controlling step. A software package was employed for the estimation of the rate parameters at the reaction conditions of 100 oC and 10 bar of gas pressure. Finally, a significant part of this research was spent on the design and development of a mesh microreactor of rectangular shape with dimensions 3 cm x 3 cm x 1.4 mm incorporating a 2 μm silicon nitride mesh with the aim to perform kinetic experiments but unfortunately this device was proved unsuitable for operation at high pressure.
Genetic characterisation of sarcomatoid carcinomas reveals multiple novel actionable mutations and identifies KRAS mutation as a biomarker of poor prognosis

Background Sarcomatoid component occurs in various epithelial malignancies and is associated with an aggressive disease course and poor clinical outcome. As it is largely rare, the molecular events underlying sarcomatoid carcinomas (SCs) remain poorly characterised. Here, we performed targeted next-generation sequencing (NGS) on patients with surgically resected SCs comprising distinct tissues of origin. Methods A total of 71 patients with pathological diagnosis of sarcomatoid carcinomas and underwent surgery were retrospectively enrolled in this study. Overall survival (OS) was defined as the time from surgery to death from any cause. Patients alive or lost to follow-up were censored. Genomic DNA from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded samples was extracted for NGS and tumour mutation burden (TMB) analysis. Results In general, SCs occurred more commonly in males, except those of the gallbladder. SCs of the lung and the larynx were associated with a higher proportion of smokers (p=0.0015). Alterations in TP53, RB1, TERT and KRAS were highly frequent, with KRAS mutations being a biomarker of poor prognosis (median OS=8 vs 16 months, p=0.03). Multiple alterations in potentially actionable genes, including ROS1 and NTRK1 fusions and ERBB2 amplification, were detected in the extra-pulmonary cohort. A relatively high proportion (30%) of patients with extra-pulmonary SC had high TMB, with a median of 5.39 mutations per Mb. Lastly, copy number variations were common in SCs, and were non-overlapping between the primary and metastatic tumours. Conclusion Taken together, our results suggest that comprehensive genetic testing may be necessary to inform treatment options and identify prognostic biomarkers.
Comparison of different methods to detect genetic barriers in a small mammal population

Habitat fragmentation and the consequently the loss of connectivity between populations can reduce the individuals interchange and gene flow, increasing the chances of inbreeding, and the increase the risk of local extinction. Landscape genetics is providing more and better tools to identify genetic barriers. To our knowledge, no comparison of methods in terms of consistency has been made with observed data and species with low dispersal ability. The aim of this study is to examine the consistency of the results of five methods to detect barriers to gene flow in a Mediterranean pine vole population Microtus duodecimcostatus: F-statistics estimations, Non-Bayesian clustering, Bayesian clustering, Boundary detection and Simple/Partial Mantel tests. All methods were consistent in detecting the stream as a non-genetic barrier. However, no consistency in results among the methods were found regarding the role of the highway as a genetic barrier. Fst, Bayesian clustering assignment test and Partial Mantel test identifyed the highway as a filter to individual interchange. The Mantel tests were the most sensitive method. Boundary detection method (Monmonier’s Algorithm) and Non-Bayesian approaches did not detect any genetic differentiation of the pine vole due to the highway. Based on our findings we recommend that the genetic barrier detection in low dispersal ability populations should be analyzed with multiple methods such as Mantel tests, Bayesian clustering approaches because they show more sensibility in those scenarios and with boundary detection methods by having the aim of detect drastic changes in a variable of interest between the closest individuals. Although simulation studies highlight the weaknesses and the strengths of each method and the factors that promote some results, tests with real data are needed to increase the effectiveness of genetic barrier detection.
Pollen-based quantitative land-cover reconstruction for northern Asia covering the last 40 ka

15 We collected the available relative pollen productivity estimates (PPEs) for 27 major 16 pollen taxa from Eurasia and applied them to estimate plant abundances during the 17 last 40 cal. ka BP (calibrated thousand years before present) using pollen counts from 18 203 fossil pollen records in northern Asia (north of 40°N). These pollen records were 19 organised into 42 site-groups, and regional mean plant abundances calculated using 20 the REVEALS (Regional Estimates of Vegetation Abundance from Large Sites) 21 model. Time-series clustering, constrained hierarchical clustering, and detrended 22  Corresponding authors. Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Research Unit Potsdam, Telegrafenberg A43, Potsdam 14473, Germany. X. Cao (Xianyong.Cao@awi.de; xcao@itpcas.ac.cn); U. Herzschuh (Ulrike.Herzschuh@awi.de).
Fear of COVID-19 scale: Validity, reliability and factorial invariance in Argentina’s general population

Abstract This study evaluated the psychometric properties of the Scale of Fear of COVID-19 (FCV-19S) in a sample of 1,291 Argentines. The two-related factor structure of the FCV-19S had satisfactory goodness-of-fit indices using structural equation modeling and item response theory. Further results showed that the reliability was adequate, the factor structure was strictly invariable across age groups, and the model that evaluated the relationships between fear of COVID-19, anxiety, and depression had adequate goodness of fit indices as well. The results indicated that FCV-19S has strong psychometric properties to measure fear of COVID-19 in the general population of Argentina.
Telemetry of co-occurring noble crayfish (Astacus astacus) and stone crayfish (Austropotamobius torrentium): diel changes in movement and local activity

Knowledge of movement patterns is essential for the effective conservation of noble crayfish (Astacus astacus) and stone crayfish (Austropotamobius torrentium), two endangered species indigenous to Central Europe. Radiotelemetry was used to evaluate diel changes in ranging behaviour and local activity of both species at a locality where they occur sympatrically. Both species exhibited similar behaviour, migrating mostly in the upstream direction. Movement probability differed significantly within both species between phases of the diel cycle. Movement probability within 3-h tracking intervals was highest at dawn (18.18 %) and night (15.32 %) in A. astacus, and at dawn (37.25 %) in A. torrentium. Astacus astacus moved the longest distances during the dawn interval (3.70 m) and the shortest during the day (1.41 m) and night (1.61 m) interval. The distances moved by A. torrentium did not differ significantly in different phases of the diel cycle. Local activity was highest at dusk in A. astacus (40.6 % likelihood of activity) and during dusk and night hours in A. torrentium (30.8 % and 24.2 % likelihood of activity). Body size and environmental parameters (light intensity, weather, atmospheric pressure, water temperature and turbidity) also influenced crayfish behaviour. Both species exhibited a post-handling fright response, which (e.g. in mark-recapture studies) can lead to the overestimation of movement rates and the extent of natural migrations.
Mediating Effects of HRM Practices in Organizational Justice on Innovative Work Behavior among the Hotel Industry of Pakistan

Justice is an important element in any organization. Innovative work behavior and Human Resource Management practices (HRMPs) are affected by organizational justice (Distributive, Procedural, Interpersonal & informational). For this paper distributive justice is selected as an independent variable. The purpose of this paper is to explore the mediating effect of HRM practices in organizational justice on innovative work behavior among the hotel industry of Pakistan. In total, 151 personnel were selected from 21 hotels from different cities of Pakistan. The survey instrument was adapted for collecting data. Top/middle management is selected for this study, therefore, convenience and purposive sampling technique is adopted Findings were drawn using descriptive analysis, bivariate correlation, linear regression; and mediation was tested by using Prof.Hayes model 4 by using SPSS version 25. Results revealed that organizational justice is significantly related to the innovative work behavior of employees & HRMPs significantly mediated. Findings of this study suggested that distributive justice is an important factor for creating innovative work behavior of employees. Further the top/middle management with higher organizational justice is taken to create new ideas with innovation which can be beneficial for the hotels and employees. The study provides essential information about the impact of distributive justice on innovative work behavior of employees of the hotel industry. The outcomes of this research are expected to improve further research and literature on
Analysis of factors affecting customer retailer loyalty in the Turkish food market: the case study of Erzurum.

Increasing competition and slow growth in the Turkish food market have increased the need for retailers to use marketing strategies focused on retaining current customers and attracting new ones. To reach these aims, retailers have been trying to enhance their customer loyalty through retention programs and relationship marketing strategies. The aim of this study was to determine the most salient factors affecting customer retailer loyalty by using factor analysis and then to identify consumer group profiles by k-means cluster analysis. The results showed that satisfaction with the product and store image in Cluster 1, satisfaction with the sales process and perceived service quality in Cluster 2, and variety seeking in Cluster 3 were the most prominent retailer attributes that affected consumer retailer loyalty. The results of this study provide insights into understand interrelationships among retailer attitudes, preference values and attitudes of Turkish consumers, and could be used to develop marketing strategies and more effective policies to improve customer retailer loyalty in Turkey.
Evaluation of Ethyl Formate, Phosphine, and Their Combination to Disinfest Harvested Celery against Purple Scum Springtails

Export celery (Apium graveolens var. dulce) from Australia has been affected by a natural infestation of purple scum springtails (Hypogastrura vernalis). These insects live inside the celery head, contaminating fresh celery, but do not cause any visible damage. As a result, purple scum springtail-infested celery has led to rejection for export with an impact on market value for fresh produce. In this study, fumigation with ethyl formate (EF), phosphine (PH3), and their combination on mortality of purple scum springtails in naturally infested celery was evaluated. Laboratory experiments were conducted using concentrations of 50, 60, and 90 mg·L−1 of EF for 1, 2, and 4 hours; 1, 1.5, 2, and 2.5 mg·L−1 of PH3 for 2, 4, and 6 hours; and 20, 30, and 40 mg·L−1 of EF combined with 1 mg·L−1 of PH3, for 2 and 4 hours at the laboratory temperature 25 °C. Complete control was achieved at 90 mg·L−1 of EF for 2 hours; however, phytotoxicity was observed in celery treated by EF at all concentrations. PH3 at 2.5 mg·L−1 achieved 100% mortality within 6 hours, and no phytotoxicity was evident. Mortality of 100% was achieved also at 30 and 40 mg·L−1 EF combined with 1 mg·L−1 of PH3 for 2 and 4 hours exposure time; however, phytotoxicity occurred with EF alone treatments and with the combination. From these data, we conclude that PH3 alone has potential as a fumigant for the preshipment treatment of celery infested with purple scum springtails.
Enhanced flow rating using neural networks with water stage and electrical conductivity as predictors

<p>Streamflow is of fundamental importance to hydrology and water resources management, but it is difficult and/or expensive to measure directly in a continuous manner. Consequently, continuous measurements mostly make use of stage recording, with the values of stage being converted into those of streamflow by means of rating curves (or a digital counterpart). Historically, a major practical advantage of a one input &#8211; one output stage-discharge relationship was its straightforward handling in the form of a diagram, but that is no longer relevant. Thus, there is little reason why streamflows should be inferred from stage only, provided an additional input variable proves useful and can easily (and inexpensively) be recorded continuously. </p><p>Electrical conductivity (EC) appears as a potentially powerful candidate to serve as a further input variable improving streamflow estimates, and artificial neural networks (ANNs) are well suited to handle more than one input. In alpine streams EC has been reported to be a viable alternative to water level as predictor variable in streamflow estimation (Weijs et al., 2013). The approach advocated here differs from that just cited by using EC in addition to, not in lieu of stage as predictor variable. That way, it is believed that the field of potential application should be wider. In the work reported here, stage and EC data were used to develop a multilayer perceptron type ANN (2-4-1) to estimate flow in a small Austrian stream (M&#246;dling) with a catchment of fairly mixed composition (forested, agricultural and urbanized areas). While the alpine catchment studied by Weijs et al.(op. cit.) probably is at the upper end of EC usefulness in streamflow estimation, the M&#246;dling catchment offers less favourable conditions, with EC being potentially subject to some influence of human activities. In spite of these modest (but not unusual) conditions, the research reported documents that EC improved streamflow estimates. An analysis of the data with the aid of a network interpretation diagram, Garson's algorithm (Garson, 1991) and a sensitivity analysis performed on the two input variables (stage and EC, resp.) shows EC to be a useful additional predictor, with its relative 'importance' amounting to roughly one third of that of stage in this catchment. </p><p>References</p><p>Garson, G.D. : Interpreting neural-network connection weights. Artif. Intell. Expert, 6, 47-51, 1991. </p><p>Weijs, S.V. , Mutzner, R. , Parlange, M.B. : Could electrical conductivity replace water level in rating curves for alpine streams? Water Resour. Res 49, 343-351, 2013. </p>