Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Robust Relationship Between Midlatitudes CAPE and Moist Static Energy Surplus in Present and Future Simulations

Convective available potential energy (CAPE), a metric associated with severe weather, is expected to increase with warming, but we have lacked a framework that describes its changes in the populated midlatitudes. In the tropics, theory suggests mean CAPE should rise following the Clausius–Clapeyron (C–C) relationship at ∼6%/K. In the heterogeneous midlatitudes, where the mean change is less relevant, we show that CAPE changes are larger and can be well‐described by a simple framework based on moist static energy surplus, which is robust across climate states. This effect is highly general and holds across both high‐resolution nudged regional simulations and free‐running global climate models. The simplicity of this framework means that complex distributional changes in future CAPE can be well‐captured by a simple scaling of present‐day data using only three parameters.
Vertical solar blind Schottky photodiode based on homoepitaxial Ga2O3 thin film

High quality germanium doped β-Ga2O3 epitaxial film was grown by PMBE technique and fabricated into a vertical type Schottky photodiode with a Pt/nGa2O3/n+Ga2O3(010) structure. The photodiode exhibited excellent rectifying characteristics with a turn on voltage ~ 1V and near zero bias leakage current ~ 100 fA. The photoresponse measurement showed a true solar blind sensitivity with cutoff wavelength ~260 nm and an out of band rejection ratio of ~104. A maximum responsivity of 0.09 A/W at 230 nm was measured at zero bias, corresponding to an external quantum efficiency of ~52 %. The time response of the photovoltaic diode is in the millisecond range and has no long-time decay component which is very common in the MSM photoconductive wide bandgap devices. The photodiode performance remains stable up to 300°C, suggesting its potential use for high temperature applications.
Multiyear Mapping of Water Demand at Crop Level: An End-to-End Workflow Based on High-Resolution Crop Type Maps and Meteorological Data

This article presents a novel system that produces multiyear high-resolution irrigation water demand maps for agricultural areas, enabling a new level of detail for irrigation support for farmers and agricultural stakeholders. The system is based on a scalable distributed deep learning (DL) model trained on dense time series of Sentinel-2 images and a large training set for the first year of observation and fine tuned on new labeled data for the consecutive years. The trained models are used to generate multiyear crop type maps, which are assimilated together with the Sentinel-2 dense time series and the meteorological data into a physically based agrohydrological model to derive the irrigation water demand for different crops. To process the required large volume of multiyear Copernicus Sentinel-2 data, the software architecture of the proposed system has been built on the integration of the Food Security thematic exploitation platform (TEP) and the data-intensive artificial intelligence Hopsworks platform. While the Food Security TEP provides easy access to Sentinel-2 data and the possibility of developing processing algorithms directly in the cloud, the Hopsworks platform has been used to train DL algorithms in a distributed manner. The experimental analysis was carried out in the upper part of the Danube Basin for the years 2018, 2019, and 2020 considering 37 Sentinel-2 tiles acquired in Austria, Moravia, Hungary, Slovakia, and Germany.
Restriction of oxycodone in the emergency department (ROXY-ED): A randomised controlled trial

Background The prescription of opioids in emergency care has been associated with harm, including overdose and dependence. The aim of this trial was to assess restriction of access to oxycodone (ROXY), in combination with education and guideline modifications, versus education and guideline modifications alone (standard care) to reduce oxycodone administration in the Emergency Department (ED). Methods An unblinded, active control, randomised controlled trial was conducted in an adult tertiary ED. Participants were patients aged 18–75 years who had analgesics administered in the ED. The primary intervention was ROXY, through removal of all oxycodone immediate release tablets from the ED imprest, with availability of a small supply after senior clinician approval. The intervention did not restrict prescription of discharge medications. The primary outcome measure was oxycodone administration rates. Secondary outcomes were administration rates of other analgesic medications, time to initial analgesics and oxycodone prescription on discharge. Results There were 2258 patients eligible for analysis. Oxycodone was administered to 80 (6.1%) patients in the ROXY group and 221 (23.3%) patients in the standard care group (relative risk (RR) 0.26; 95% CI: 0.21 to 0.33; p < . 001). Tapentadol was prescribed more frequently in the ROXY group (RR 2.17; 95% CI: 1.71–2.74), while there were no differences in prescription of other analgesic medications. On discharge, significantly fewer patients were prescribed oxycodone (RR 0.51; 95% CI: 0.39–0.66) and no differences were observed in prescription rates of other analgesic medications. There was no difference in time to first analgesic (HR 0.94; 95% CI: 0.86–1.02). Conclusions Restricted access to oxycodone was superior to education and guideline modifications alone for reducing oxycodone use in the ED and reducing discharge prescriptions of oxycodone from the ED. The addition of simple restrictive interventions is recommended to enable rapid changes to clinician behaviour to reduce the potential harm associated with the prescribing of oxycodone in the ED.
Effects of feeding a vitamin and mineral supplement to cow-calf pairs grazing native range

Abstract Our objectives were to evaluate the impacts of providing vitamin and mineral (VTM) supplements to cow-calf pairs during the summer grazing period on cow and calf performance and liver concentrations of minerals. During a two-year period, 727 crossbred cows and their calves (initial cow BW = 601.7 ± 48.1 kg; calf BW = 87.8 ± 5.0 kg; n = 381 in year 1, n = 346 in year 2) from the Central Grasslands Research Extension Center (Streeter, N.D.) were blocked by parity (young [parity 1 to 3], and old [parity 4+]) and randomly assigned to pastures at the beginning of the grazing season (16 in year 1 and 14 in year 2). Pastures were assigned to receive a free-choice VTM supplement (SUPP) or no VTM supplement (CON) from pasture turnout to pasture removal (158 and 156 days in year 1 and 2, respectively). Consecutive day weights were taken from cows and calves at pasture turnout and removal and liver biopsies were collected from a subset of cows at both timepoints and from calves at weaning. Cows were bred via AI 37 to 41 d after pasture turnout and by natural service cleanup bulls for a 70 to 80 d breeding season. Calving and weaning data were collected from the calf conceived and gestated during treatments. Data were analyzed for the effect of VTM treatment (SUPP vs. CON), block of parity, and their interaction using the GLM procedure of SAS with pasture as the experimental unit. Year was considered a random effect in the final analysis. Cow pregnancy success was evaluated using the GLIMMIX procedure in SAS with model terms of VTM treatment, parity, and their interaction with year as a random effect. In year 2, cows in differing days postpartum (DPP) groups at pasture turnout (66.1, 48.8, and 34.5 ± 1.04 DPP for EARLY, MID, and LATE groups, respectively) were selected for liver biopsies with cow as the experimental unit. Cow and calf BW and BW change were not impacted (P ≥ 0.20) by VTM access. Pregnancy rate to AI, overall pregnancy rate, gestating calf birth BW and calving distribution were not affected (P ≥ 0.11) by treatment. Liver concentrations of Se, Cu, and Co were greater (P ≤ 0.002) at pasture removal and weaning for cows and suckling calves that had access to VTM. Cows considered EARLY calving had greater (P = 0.05) concentrations of liver Se compared with LATE calving cows. Although VTM supplementation enhanced concentrations of key minerals in the liver of cow-calf pairs, reproductive and growth performance was not affected.
A Rank-Constrained Coordinate Ascent Approach to Hybrid Precoding for the Downlink of Wideband Massive (MIMO) Systems

An innovative approach to hybrid analog-digital precoding for the downlink of wideband massive MIMO systems is developed. The proposed solution, termed Rank-Constrained Coordinate Ascent (RCCA), starts seeking the full-digital precoder that maximizes the achievable sum-rate over all the frequency subcarriers while constraining the rank of the overall transmit covariance matrix. The frequency-flat constraint on the analog part of the hybrid precoder and the non-convex nature of the rank constraint are circumvented by transforming the original problem into a more suitable one, where a convenient structure for the transmit covariance matrix is imposed. Such structure makes the resulting full-digital precoder particularly adequate for its posterior analog-digital factorization. An additional problem formulation to determine an appropriate power allocation policy according to the rank constraint is also provided. The numerical results show that the proposed method outperforms baseline solutions even for practical scenarios with high spatial diversity.
A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis on the Efficacy and Safety of Finerenone Therapy in Patients with Cardiovascular and Chronic Kidney Diseases in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

The purpose of this study is to assess the safety and efficacy of finerenone therapy in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients with cardiovascular and chronic renal diseases. This meta-analysis assesses the efficacy and safety of finerenone in the treatment of diabetic kidney disease (DKD). A comprehensive search of PubMed, Embase, and Google Scholar databases was performed to identify relevant randomized controlled trials (RCTs). To quantify the effects of finerenone, the analysis included the estimation of aggregated mean differences (MDs) and relative risks (RRs), as well as 95% confidence intervals (CIs). This meta-analysis included seven double-blind trials with patients suffering from chronic kidney disease (CKD) and T2D. Participants received finerenone or a placebo was assigned at random. The primary efficacy outcomes were cardiovascular mortality, non-fatal myocardial infarction, non-fatal stroke, hospitalization for heart failure, kidney failure, a sustained 57% decrease in the estimated glomerular filtration rate from baseline over four weeks, or renal death. Among the 39,995 patients included in the analysis, finerenone treatment was associated with a lower risk of cardiovascular and renal-related mortality compared to placebo (RR = 0.86 (0.80, 0.93), p = 0.0002; I-squared statistic (I 2 ) = 0%) and (RR = 0.56 (0.17, 1.82), p = 0.34; I 2 = 0%). In addition, finerenone treatment was associated with a marginally reduced risk of serious adverse events (RR = 0.95 (0.92, 0.97), p = 0.0001; I 2 = 0%), although no significant difference in the overall risk of adverse events was observed between the two groups (RR = 1.00 (0.99, 1.01), p = 0.56; I 2 = 0%). This study's findings suggest that finerenone administration can reduce the risk of end-stage kidney disease, renal failure, cardiovascular mortality, and hospitalization. Patients with both T2DM and CKD are therefore advised to consider finerenone therapy.
Optical and electrical properties of GeSe and SnSe single crystals

GeSe and SnSe single crystals were fabricated by using Bridgman technique. The properties of the two crystals were investigated by temperature-dependent Hall effects, optical absorption, and pressure-dependent Raman scattering measurements. The hole carrier concentrations of the GeSe and SnSe samples were 5.31×1016 cm−3 and 1.19×1019 cm −3, respectively, at room temperature. The activation energy of acceptor levels in GeSe and SnSe were measured to be 37.8 meV and 2.21 meV, respectively. These compounds had indirect band gap, which were measured to be 1.10 eV for GeSe and 0.88 eV for SnSe, respectively. The Raman spectra of GeSe and SnSe were obtained under high pressure up to 5.62 GPa. GeSe showed four major peaks at 89 cm-1 (Ag), 154 cm-1 (B3g), 180 cm-1 (Ag), and 191 cm-1 (Ag), and SnSe had three peaks at 84 cm-1 (Ag), 118 cm-1 (B3g), and 137 cm-1 (Ag). The effects of applying high pressure on these modes were also discussed.
General Analysis and Vector Control for Doubly Salient Reluctance Machines

In this article, the general analysis and control method for doubly salient reluctance machines (DSRMs), including typical switched reluctance motor (SRM), mutually coupled switched reluctance motor (MC-SRM), variable flux reluctance motor (VFRM), wound-field flux switching motor (WF-FSM) and so on, are presented. First, the self-inductance and mutual inductance characteristics of these DSRMs are analyzed. Then, the universal mathematical models in the stationary and two rotating coordinate systems are built, respectively. The synchronous-speed vector control (SSVC) and double-synchronous-speed vector control (DSSVC) modes are presented and compared, and then a general control scheme for DSRMs combining the above two control modes is proposed. The electromagnetic torque characteristics of these motors in SSVC and DSSVC modes are analyzed, and the preferred control modes for the DSRMs are recommended. Finally, the experiments are carried out to verify the effectiveness of the proposed general control method on different prototype motors.
Turbulence study over submerged obstacles on waves and currents combined flow

Abstract The paper explores an experimental study carried out in a laboratory flume to investigate the interaction of surface wave and unidirectional current over a pair of hemispherical obstacles with relative spacing, L/d = 4 where L is center to center spacing and d is the obstacle height. The effect of surface waves and current interaction on the mean velocity profile, turbulence intensities and Reynolds shear stress of an open channel flow under the influence of two hemispherical obstacles has been presented in this paper. The components of velocity along three different directions were measured using 3D micro-acoustic Doppler velocimeter. The experiments were conducted for Reynolds number 58800. Quadrant analysis has been adopted to investigate the turbulence bursting events contributing to the Reynolds shear stress in the near-bed region. It is observed that closed to the top of the obstacles, the contribution to the total shear stress due to ejection and sweeping events changes with the superposition of waves.
High accuracy detection technique for information data under the influence of multiple factors based on fractional partial differential equations

In engineering practice, several factors affect the various types of information during the collection process. For example, information data measurement errors are caused by equipment performance and the working environment. During the transmission of detection information, signal distortion caused by energy loss and signal interference causes unpredictable detection errors in collected data. Through the study of fractional calculus theory, it was found that it is suitable for studying nonlinear, noncausal, and nonstationary signals, and has the dual functions of improving detection information and enhancing signal strength. Therefore, under the influence of many factors, we applied the fractional difference algorithm to the field of information-data processing. A multisensor detection data fusion algorithm based on the fractional partial differential equation was adopted to establish online detection data. A multi-sensor detection data fusion algorithm based on a fractional partial differential equation was established, which effectively fuses the information data detection errors caused by various influencing factors and significantly improves the detection accuracy of information data. The effectiveness of this method was experimentally demonstrated by its application.
Frontogenesis and frontal arrest of a dense filament in the oceanic surface boundary layer

The evolution of upper ocean currents involves a set of complex, poorly understood interactions between submesoscale turbulence (e.g. density fronts and filaments and coherent vortices) and smaller-scale boundary-layer turbulence. Here we simulate the lifecycle of a cold (dense) filament undergoing frontogenesis in the presence of turbulence generated by surface stress and/or buoyancy loss. This phenomenon is examined in large-eddy simulations with resolved turbulent motions in large horizontal domains using ${\sim}10^{10}$ grid points. Steady winds are oriented in directions perpendicular or parallel to the filament axis. Due to turbulent vertical momentum mixing, cold filaments generate a potent two-celled secondary circulation in the cross-filament plane that is frontogenetic, sharpens the cross-filament buoyancy and horizontal velocity gradients and blocks Ekman buoyancy flux across the cold filament core towards the warm filament edge. Within less than a day, the frontogenesis is arrested at a small width, ${\approx}100~\text{m}$ , primarily by an enhancement of the turbulence through a small submesoscale, horizontal shear instability of the sharpened filament, followed by a subsequent slow decay of the filament by further turbulent mixing. The boundary-layer turbulence is inhomogeneous and non-stationary in relation to the evolving submesoscale currents and density stratification. The occurrence of frontogenesis and arrest are qualitatively similar with varying stress direction or with convective cooling, but the detailed evolution and flow structure differ among the cases. Thus submesoscale filament frontogenesis caused by boundary-layer turbulence, frontal arrest by frontal instability and frontal decay by forward energy cascade, and turbulent mixing are generic processes in the upper ocean.
Exploring the Universe with the Atacama Cosmology Telescope: Polarization-Sensitive Measurements of the Cosmic Microwave Background

Over the past twenty-five years, observations of the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) temperature fluctuations have served as an important tool for answering some of the most fundamental questions of modern cosmology: how did the universe begin, what is it made of, and how did it evolve? More recently, measurements of the faint polarization signatures of the CMB have offered a complementary means of probing these questions, helping to shed light on the mysteries of cosmic inflation, relic neutrinos, and the nature of dark energy. A second-generation receiver for the Atacama Cosmology Telescope (ACT), the Atacama Cosmology Telescope Polarimeter (ACTPol), was designed and built to take advantage of both these cosmic signals by measuring the CMB to high precision in both temperature and polarization. The receiver features three independent sets of cryogenically cooled optics coupled to transition-edge sensor (TES) based polarimeter arrays via monolithic silicon feedhorn stacks. The three detector arrays, two operating at 149 GHz and one operating at both 97 and 149 GHz, contain over 1000 detectors each and are continuously cooled to a temperature near 100 mK by a custom-designed dilution refrigerator insert. Using ACT's six meter diameter primary mirror and diffraction limited optics, ACTPol is able to make high-fidelity measurements of the CMB at small angular scales (l ~ 9000), providing an excellent complement to Planck. The design and operation of the instrument are discussed in detail, and results from the first two years of observations are presented. The data are broadly consistent with /\CDM and help improve constraints on model extensions when combined with temperature measurements from Planck. Degree Type Dissertation Degree Name Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) Graduate Group Physics & Astronomy First Advisor Mark Devlin Subject Categories Astrophysics and Astronomy This dissertation is available at ScholarlyCommons: https://repository.upenn. edu/edissertations/2990 EXPLORING THE UNIVERSE WITH THE ATACAMA COSMOLOGY TELESCOPE: POLARIZATION-SENSITIVE MEASUREMENTS OF THE COSMIC MICROWAVE BACKGROUND Marius Lungu A DISSERTATION in Physics and Astronomy Presented to the Faculties of the University of Pennsylvania in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy 2017 Supervisor of Dissertation Mark Devlin, Professor of Physics Graduate Group Chairperson Joshua Klein, Professor of Physics Dissertation Committee James Aguirre, Professor of Physics Gary Bernstein, Professor of Physics Bhuvnesh Jain, Professor of Physics Evelyn Thomson, Professor of Physics
Determinants of Medication Non-Adherence Among the Elderly with Co-Existing Hypertension and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Rural Areas of Udupi District in Karnataka, India

Purpose Medication adherence is a crucial component in the management of elderly with co-morbid chronic conditions. Hence, this study aimed to investigate the determinants of medication non-adherence among rural elderly with co-morbid chronic conditions of hypertension (HTN) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in India. Patients and Methods This cross-sectional study adopted the probability proportional to size (PPS) sampling technique to find the determinants of medication non-adherence among elderly residing in rural coverage areas of five randomly selected primary health centres (PHC) in Udupi district, Karnataka, India. A total of 360 elderly (72 samples from each cluster) who met the inclusion criteria and consented were interviewed using predesigned prevalidated and standardized or reliable tools. The data were coded and entered in SPSS version 16.0 and analyzed using both descriptive and inferential statistics. Results The study found that 55.6% (n=200) of rural elderly with co-morbid conditions HTN and T2DM were non-adherent to their medications and established Spearman correlation coefficient rank (r) value between undesirable person-related factors (r=−0.444); good family support (including financial support) (r=0.185); poor accessibility to healthcare facility (r=−0.209); detrimental medication-related factors including high cost of medication (r=−0.237) were found to be significant at 0.05 level of confidence (p < 0.05). Further, the study depicted that the chi-square test (χ2) was identified to be significantly associated (p<0.05) with a variable such as education, knowledge, number of illnesses and impairments, vision, memory, and physical impairments. Conclusion Medication adherence could be improved among rural elderly with co-morbid conditions by identifying and addressing the determinants at the earliest. Further, it is vital to identify the suitable intervention program to address these avoidable problems.