Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Formic acid synthesis and utilization for solar energy storage through solar‐driven chloralkali process and fuel cells

The objective of this work is to propose an integrated system for formic acid synthesis via photovoltaic (PV) assisted‐chloralkali process and clean power generation by the fuel cell. The initial step is to develop process flow diagrams and to apply heat integration techniques to conserve energy in the synthesis of formic acid and direct formic acid fuel cell (DFAFC). The proposed system forms formic acid from gaseous H2 produced from chloralkali unit and captured CO2. The electricity requirements of both PV‐assisted chloralkali and compression stages are supplied from the PV units. The results imply that the chloralkali process necessitates about 7.22 MW power to produce hydrogen at 25°C and 1 bar with an energy efficiency of 84%. H2 and CO2 gases are compressed to 60 bars with a total energy requirement of 951 kW. In the heat integration part, different scenarios are developed to determine the minimum heating and cooling requirements for maximum heat recovery. The results of such heat integration were achieved to conserve the energy in the formic acid process with total hot and cold utilities of 599 kW and 1884 kW, respectively.
Efficient Piezoelectric Energy Harvesters Utilizing (001) Textured Bimorph PZT Films on Flexible Metal Foils

Extracting energy from low vibration frequencies (<10 Hz) using piezoelectric energy harvester promises continuous self‐powering for sensors and wearables. The piezoelectric compliant mechanism (PCM) design provides a significantly higher efficiency by fostering a uniform strain for its 1st mode shape, and so is interesting for this application. In this paper, a PCM energy harvester with bimorph Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 (PZT) films on Ni foil deposited by rf magnetron sputtering is shown to have high efficiency and large power for low frequency mechanical vibration. In particular, {001} textured PZT films are deposited on both sides of polished Ni foils with (100) oriented LaNiO3 seed layers on HfO2 buffer layers. The performance of PCM with an active area of 5.2 cm2 is explored for various excitation accelerations (0.02–0.16 g [g = 9.8 m s−2]) around 6 Hz. The PCM device provides a power level of 3.9 mW cm−2 g2 and 65% mode shape efficiencies.
Enhanced pedotransfer functions with support vector machines to predict water retention of calcareous soil

Knowledge of soil hydraulic properties is of major importance for land management in dry‐land areas. The most important properties are the soil–water retention curve (SWRC) and hydraulic conductivity characteristics. Direct measurement of the SWRC is time and cost prohibitive. Pedotransfer functions (PTFs) use data mining tools to predict SWRC. Modern data mining techniques enable accurate predictions and good generalization of SWRC data. In this research we explore whether the use of support vector machines (SVMs) could improve the accuracy of prediction of SWRC. The novelty of our work is in the application of SVM data mining techniques, which are seldom used in soil research, to a limited dataset from Syria. The soil studied is calcareous and the climate is arid, for which no PTFs have been developed. Seventy‐two undisturbed soil samples were taken from four different agro‐climatic zones of Syria. The soil water contents at eight matric potentials were determined and selected as output variables. The data were split into two subsets: a training set with 54 samples for model calibration or PTF development and a test set with 18 samples for PTF validation. An overview of the theoretical foundation of this new approach and the use of specific kernel functions is given. Then, the model parameters were optimized with ninefold cross‐validation and a grid search method. The predictions of the SVM‐based PTFs were analysed with the coefficient of determination (R2) and root mean square error (RMSE). Our results showed that the accuracy of SVM was better in terms of RMSE and R2 than multiple linear regression (MLR) and the artificial neural network (ANN). The results support previous findings that the SVM approach performs better than MLR and the ANN. Furthermore, improvements in predictions of SWRC with the three data mining techniques were obtained by replacing the more conventional organic matter in the PTF with the plastic limit (PL). Therefore, SVM and PL markedly improved the accuracy of prediction of SWRC for calcareous soil.
Association between Handgrip Strength and Depression in Older Adults - A Systematic Review and a Meta-Analysis

Background: Depression remains an important health problem among older adults. Disorders in older age result from the accumulation of various factors, chief among them somatic diseases, stressful life events, social isolation, unfavorable social attitudes towards older people, declined cognitive function, malnutrition, polypharmacy. Depression may be associated with the deterioration of physical fitness, whose chief indicator is hand grip strength (HGS). The aim of the study was to investigate the relationship between depression and HGS among older populations using the available literature. Methods: PubMed, Web of Science and Science Direct databases were searched. The inclusion criteria were as follows: written in English and published after 2009, subject age: ³60 years, HGS measured using a hand dynamometer, assessment of the depressive symptoms using a validated tool. The following articles were excluded: studies conducted among institutionalized subjects and/or populations with a specific disease. Results: The total combined effect of 33 results presented in 16 studies included in the meta-analysis, converted to the correlation coefficient, was OEr =-. 148(SE = .030, 95%CI:-.206 – -.091), indicating a weak, negative correlation between HGS and depressive symptoms. Conclusion: The review of the literature and the meta-analysis demonstrated a relationship between low muscle strength measured with the HGS test and intensified depressive symptoms in older populations. Bearing in mind that depression is often unrecognized or underdiagnosed among older patients, lowered muscle strength in older subjects, should be an important sign for physicians and physiotherapists and an incentive to screen them for depression.
Reverse shoulder arthroplasty: trends in the incidence, indications and complications as reported by ABOS part II oral examination candidates from 2005 through 2017

ABSTRACT Background: The experience of early-career orthopedic surgeons performing reverse shoulder arthroplasty (RSA) has not been previously reported. The aims of this study were to evaluate 1) the temporal trends in the incidence of and indications for RSA procedures performed among board-eligible orthopedic surgeons, 2) the temporal trends in the incidence of reported complications after RSA, and 3) the patient-related and surgeon-related variables that affected the reported complication rate. Methods: A query of the American Board of Orthopaedic Surgery (ABOS) Part II Oral Examination database for all cases of RSA from 2003 through 2017 was performed. The data over this time period was analyzed for incidence, indications, and complications. Risk factors for complication including patient demographic factors and shoulder fellowship training were also evaluated. Results: From 2003 to 2017, a total of 2,633 RSA procedures were reported. There was an increased incidence of RSA (23-fold) and increased proportion of candidates performing RSA (19-fold) (P-trend Conclusions: There was a dramatic increase in the use of RSA among board eligible orthopedic surgeons in the United States. The early complication rates for ABOS candidates performing RSA are above others reported in the literature and showed an increasing trend over the study period. Despite the improvements in the literature, and shoulder fellowship training, there has been no decrease in the incidence of surgical complications over the decade represented in this study. Level of Evidence: Level III; Cross-Sectional Design; Treatment Study
Evolution of observed and modelled temperatures in Finland in 1901–2018 and potential dynamical reasons for the differences

Observed monthly and annual mean temperatures in Finland in 1901–2018 were compared with simulations performed with 28 global climate models (GCMs), and dynamical factors behind the emerging differences were studied by regression analysis. Observational temperatures were extracted from high‐quality kriging analyses specifically tailored for Finland. Considering the entire time interval, the increase in the annual multi‐GCM mean temperature agrees well with the observed warming, even though observations exhibit substantial inter‐decadal fluctuations. After 2000, the mean temperatures have been higher than during any period in the 20th century. In the baseline regression model, the 10 leading EOFs of the European—Northeast Atlantic sea‐level pressure (SLP) field were used to explain differences between the GCM‐mean and observed evolution of temperature. The regression model is able to reduce the mean squared difference of the temporally‐smoothed temperature by 58%. The performance is highest in winter and summer and lowest in April. For a sensitivity assessment, multiple alternative regression models were tested, for example, one using the local SLP, geostrophic wind and vorticity as predictors. These models mostly showed somewhat inferior performance. We specifically explored the trends of monthly temperatures during 1961–2018, a period considerably affected by anthropogenic emissions. Compared with the multi‐GCM mean, warming proved to be negligible in June, fairly slow in October and quite rapid in December. All these features were explained rather nicely by dynamical factors. Accordingly, the deviations of the observed regional temperature trends from the multi‐GCM mean largely appear to be related to internal variability.
Biotransformation of pungent constituents from ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides yields oxidative ortho–ortho coupling products

Abstract This work investigated the biotransformation of ginger constituents (zingerone, [6]-shogaol, [6]-gingerol, and methyl-[6]-gingerol) by the pathogenic fungus Colletotrichum gloeosporioides. Experiments were carried out with and without deuterium-labelled compounds. The product metabolites were analyzed by liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography solid phase extraction-nuclear magnetic resonance. Substrates supplied to the fungus were incorporated into metabolic pathways mostly by oxidation reactions, including aromatic carbon–carbon coupling. Zingerone and [6]-gingerol biotransformation products included biphenol dimers. A biodegradation pathway for biphenol formation was proposed based on the presence of the intermediate 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)-2-methoxyphenol, commonly identified from [6]-gingerol and [6]-shogaol biodegradation. This intermediate likely originates from a Baeyer–Villiger reaction followed by hydrolysis. The C–C coupling of molecules could result in phenolic oxidative ortho–ortho coupling, suggesting that biphenol dimers are products of C. gloeosporioides laccase catalysis. Graphical Abstract
Assessing Prior Emergent Constraints on Surface Albedo Feedback in CMIP6

An emergent constraint (EC) is a popular model evaluation technique, which offers the potential to reduce intermodel variability in projections of climate change. Two examples have previously been laid out for future surface albedo feedbacks (SAF) stemming from loss of Northern Hemisphere (NH) snow cover (SAFsnow) and sea ice (SAFice). These processes also have a modern-day analog that occurs each year as snow and sea ice retreat from their seasonal maxima, which is strongly correlated with future SAF across an ensemble of climate models. The newly released CMIP6 ensemble offers the chance to test prior constraints through out-of-sample verification, an important examination of EC robustness. Here, we show that the SAFsnow EC is equally strong in CMIP6 as it was in past generations, while the SAFice EC is also shown to exist in CMIP6, but with different, slightly weaker characteristics. We find that the CMIP6 mean NH SAF exhibits a global feedback of 0.25 ± 0.05 W m−2 K−1, or ~61% of the total global albedo feedback, largely in line with prior generations despite its increased climate sensitivity. The NH SAF can be broken down into similar contributions from snow and sea ice over the twenty-first century in CMIP6. Crucially, intermodel variability in seasonal SAFsnow and SAFice is largely unchanged from CMIP5 because of poor outlier simulations of snow cover, surface albedo, and sea ice thickness. These outliers act to mask the noted improvement from many models when it comes to SAFice, and to a lesser extent SAFsnow.
Kinetic Analysis of Ozonation Degree Effect on the Physicochemical Properties of Ozonated Vegetable Oils

ABSTRACT The aim of this investigation was to evaluate the modification of physicochemical properties (viscosity and density) of four vegetable oils (grapeseed, sunflower, avocado, and olive) during ozonation, and to relate such variation with the ozonation kinetics, the ozonation degree, and the ozonation by-products distribution. During ozonation, the monitorization of the double bonds’ decomposition and accumulation of ozonation by-products yields defined the relationship between the ozonation degree and the physicochemical properties of the ozonated oils. The ozonated oils were characterized by FT-IR and 1H NMR. The ozonation degree was determined by the measurement of the total unsaturation (TU); this method quantified the substrate reactive with ozone contained in oils. During the ozonation, the variation of viscosity, density, and ozonation by-products exhibited differences among the studied oils, which was effectively correlated to the corresponding ozonation degree. These were characterized by the observed reaction rate constants obtained by a parametric algorithm based on the application of a nonlinear least mean square method.
Preparation of a ternary hybrid of P‐g‐C3N4@PGS‐Ti and its enhancement of the flame retardancy of epoxy resins

A novel ternary hybrid flame retardant named P‐g‐C3N4@PGS‐Ti was prepared through step‐by‐step method. First, titanium dioxide was loaded on PGS to make PGS‐Ti (where PGS = palygorskite), and then, PGS‐Ti was decorated by phosphor‐doped g‐C3N4 (abbreviated as P‐g‐C3N4) to prepare a ternary flame retardant of P‐g‐C3N4@PGS‐Ti. It showed that P‐g‐C3N4@PGS‐Ti could efficiently improve the flame retardancy of epoxy resins (EP). The structure and the morphology of P‐C3N4@PGS‐Ti were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction, scaanning electron microscopy and hermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The flame retardancy and the burning behavior of 5 wt% P‐g‐C3N4@PGS‐Ti composited EP were well investigated through TGA, limiting oxygen index (LOI), cone calorimeter test (CCT) and vertical burning test (UL‐94 standard). It was found that the peak heat releasing (pk‐HRR) of the EP/P‐g‐C3N4@PGS‐Ti composite reduced 36% (from 1459 to 852 kW/m2) with the addition of 5 wt% of P‐g‐C3N4@PGS‐Ti flame retardant to the matrix of EP. The combustion residue analysis showed that the EP/P‐g‐C3N4@PGS‐Ti composite gained the most continuous and firmest char yield due to the synergistic effect of PGS, TiO2 and the introducing of P element. The mechanism proved that the combination of gas phase and condensed phase flame‐retardant processes were well coordinated to improve the fire retardancy for EP. We tested and studied the mechanical properties of EP/P‐g‐C3N4@PGS‐Ti composites. Only 2.4% decreasing of flexural strength and 23.5% decreasing of impact strength in EP/P‐g‐C3N4@PGS‐Ti composites compared to pure EP, respectively. But according to the test results of EP/P‐g‐C3N4@PGS‐Ti composite material and the control sample in the system, EP/P‐g‐C3N4@PGS‐Ti composite material had the highest flexural modulus and impact strength.
Foliar nutritional content and apple fruit quality as affected by organic, conventional, or integrated management

Abstract This research aimed to compare two levels (medium and high) and three types of fertilization (organic, chemical, and integrated) in both foliar nutritional content and fruit quality of Golden Delicious apple variety. The foliar concentration of macro and micronutrients was affected neither by fertilization level nor fertilization type, with the exception of potassium which reached their highest concentration in the high level of chemical fertilization (T1-HC). Regarding the fruit quality attributes, results showed no statistical differences in weight, size, firmness, pH, and starch content between the level and type of fertilization. With the high level of organic fertilization, the best apple color was found, while the medium level of organic fertilization showed the highest concentration of both soluble solid content and total phenolic compounds. Thus, fertilization level had greater influence than the fertilization type. Results also showed that under organic fertilization management is possible obtaining a foliar nutritional content and fruits quality attributes similar to those treated with chemical fertilizers. Future studies must be carried out for elucidating the impact of long-term organic fertilization on the fruit quality and foliar nutritional content of other crops.
Assessing the hotel service robot interaction on tourists' behaviour: the role of anthropomorphism

PurposeThe main purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of service robots on hotel visitors' behaviour and to verify the role of anthropomorphism(human likeness) in customer satisfaction with robots.Design/methodology/approachAn online survey of 381 respondents was conducted, divided into three types of robots according to the level of anthropomorphism. The research model was thoroughly tested using the PLS-SEM method. Research model was tested thoroughly using the PLS-SEM method.FindingsThis study found that user satisfaction with service robots in a hotel had a positive impact on user satisfaction, attitude towards the hotel and room purchase intention. Moreover, our results showed that users were most likely to accept medium-human likeness robots and least likely to accept high–human likeness robots.Originality/valueThis study proposes influencing factors to be considered when researching hotel service robots, as well as practical suggestions for any hotel intending to use or currently using a service robot.
Effects of elevated CO2 and nitrogen availability on nodulation of Alnus hirsuta Turcz

The effects of elevated CO 2 and soil nitrogen (N) availability on nodulation and N 2 fixation of alder (Alnus hirsuta Turcz.) were investigated. Our objective was to determine if elevated CO 2 concentrations enhance nodule mass and alter the inhibitory effect of soil N on nodulation. Potted seedlings of alder were grown at either ambient or elevated CO 2 concentrations (36 Pa and 72 Pa CO 2 ), with different levels ofN supplied as liquid fertilizer (52.5, 5.25 and 0 mgN pot -1 week - 1 for High-N, Low-N and N-free, respectively) in a natural daylight phytotron. Elevated CO 2 increased both whole-plant mass and nodule mass per plant, but the ratio of nodule mass to whole-plant mass (NMR) was not affected. At High-N, NMR declined under both CO 2 treatments, indicating an inhibitory effect of soil N availability on nodulation regardless of CO 2 concentration. The total amount of N 2 fixation in plants without added N was enhanced under elevated CO 2 conditions, with an increase of nodule mass. At elevated CO 2 , both whole-plant N concentration and area-based leaf N decreased. Leaf liner C:N ratio increased (+14%) under elevated CO 2 , suggesting that leaf litter decomposition rates are decreased by elevated CO 2 . However, area-based leaf litter N did not decrease under elevated CO 2 due to decreased retranslocation of leaf N per area during leaf senescence. Furthermore, leaf area per plant increased under elevated CO 2 in each of the N-treatments. These results suggest that total leaf litter N input to soil should increase under elevated concentrations of atmospheric CO 2 , and that alder may increase soil N availability under elevated CO 2 .
The Lived Experience of Syrian Refugees in Canada: A Phenomenological Study

Health care providers in Canada are expected to take care of people from a variety of cultural backgrounds, and it is difficult for health care providers to deeply understand the lived experiences of some individuals to provide them with culturally sensitive care. Syrian refugees comprise one such group of newcomers to Canada. This phenomenological study aimed to uncover the meaning of the lived experiences of Syrian refugees using Giorgi’s (2009) method. Seven participants’ descriptions were viewed through the lens of the social determinants of health model. Seven essences of the general structural description or the meaning Syrian refugees gave to their experiences of living in Canada were synthesized. Syrian refugees live paradoxical experiences that are both rewarding and less rewarding when viewed through the lens of the social determinants of health (social support, environment, culture, education, health services, employment, and income). These experiences have influenced their health in both positive and negative ways. This study highlights the need for more culturally sensitive health care interventions and assistance for Syrian refugees/newcomers in Canada. As a next step, an action research study involving Syrian refugees as co-researchers may help address the social determinant of health risks in this population.
Influence of Freezing on Muscles of Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss): A Histological and Microbiological Study

Background: Freezing is a common and ancient method for preservation of foods which is applicable both under household and industrial conditions. The objective of the study was to establish histological and microbiological changes in dorsal and abdominal muscles of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) after freezing once and twice. Methods: Forty-five fresh rainbow trout specimens were distributed into three groups of 15 fish each. The first group was subjected to histological and microbiological analysis immediately after delivery at the laboratory. The second fish group was frozen at -18 °C for 15 days, while the third group of fish was frozen at -18 °C for 15 days, thawed and frozen again at -18 °C for 15 days. Data were analyzed using GraphPad InStat 3 software. Results: After freezing once, muscle fibers with intracellular void spaces were observed and retained stable peripheral boundary. In some muscle fibers, the endomysium boundaries were visible and with retained integrity. After freezing twice, damages and deformities were observed resulting in completely destructured muscle fibers. Large void spaces among the muscle fibers and bundles were greatly the result of shrinking and grouping of fibers and the laceration of endomysium and perimysium internum. Total microbial count and Enterobacteriaceae count had no significant differences (p>0.05) between fresh, frozen once, and frozen twice trout. Conclusion: Muscles of rainbow trout (O. mykiss) are histologically damaged to a greater extent after freezing twice and thawing. However, microbiological indicators had no change significantly after freezing once and twice. © 2021, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences. This is an open access article under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.