Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Potentials, drivers and barriers to green economy transition: Implications for Africa

African countries depend majorly on natural resources for livelihood sustenance. Despite many untapped potentials in some sectors of Africa's economy, the continent is still faced with several social, economic and environmental problems. Green economy presents an appealing policy framework to help the continent overcome these challenges and transit to a more environmentally-friendly, low-carbon and resource-efficient economy. Achieving this socially-inclusive viable economy is limited by weak institutions and political will, human and institutional capacity gaps, a paucity of data for impact assessment, poor awareness of the benefits of green economy concepts and poor coordination among green economy actors. This review identifies the potentials, drivers and barriers to a green economy in Africa. Some countries recognised the role of the green economy in sustainable development. However, mainstreaming the right policy mix into national plans across the sectors of society remains a big challenge. This review thus recommends strengthening both public institutions and political will that will help to prioritise policy frameworks, mainstream private sector involvement, close capacity gaps, create sufficient public awareness and build sectoral synergy among green economy actors for an environmentally-sustainable, low-carbon and resource-efficient economy.
Comparative Study of Post-Marriage Nationality Of Women in Legal Systems of Different Countries

Studies on the role of institutions and innovation attributes in affecting the adoption of Integrated Plant Management Technology have been carried out in several subdistricts in West Bandung and Sumedang Districts, West Java Province. The objectives of this study were to: 1) describe the role of extension service institutions, farmer groups, and innovation attributes on the adoption of Integrated Plant Management, 2). analyze factors affecting the adoption of Integrated Plant Management, and 3) find strategies to increase the adoption of Integrated Plant Management. The study population was all group members who had participated in a program to increase rice-corn and soybean production (Pajale) with a total of 173 people in West Bandung District and 143 people in Sumedang District. A total of 124 people as sample were determined to follow the Slovin formula. Data and information were collected through interviews and direct observation to respondents using a closed questionnaire that has been tested for its validity and reliability. The results showed that the majority of respondents rated that; 1) the role of extension institutions, farmer groups, and innovation attributes were categorized as good; 2) extension institutions at the subdistrict level, farmer groups, and innovation attributes significantly affected (ά = 0.001) the adoption in both districts where R = 0.962.
Automatic Detection of the Aortic Annular Plane and Coronary Ostia from Multidetector Computed Tomography

Anatomic landmark detection is crucial during preoperative planning of transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) to select the proper device size and assess the risk of complications. The detection is currently a time-consuming manual process influenced by the image quality and subject to operator variability. In this work, we propose a novel automatic method to detect the relevant aortic landmarks from MDCT images using deep learning techniques. We trained three convolutional neural networks (CNNs) with 344 multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) acquisitions to detect five anatomical landmarks relevant for TAVI planning: the three basal attachment points of the aortic valve leaflets and the left and right coronary ostia. The detection strategy used these three CNN models to analyse a single MDCT image and yield three segmentation volumes as output. These segmentation volumes were averaged into one final segmentation volume, and the final predicted landmarks were obtained during a postprocessing step. Finally, we constructed the aortic annular plane, defined by the three predicted hinge points, and measured the distances from this plane to the predicted coronary ostia (i.e., coronary height). The methodology was validated on 100 patients. The automatic landmark detection was able to detect all the landmarks and showed high accuracy as the median distance between the ground truth and predictions is lower than the interobserver variations (1.5 mm [1.1–2.1], 2.0 mm [1.3–2.8] with a paired difference −0.5 ± 1.3 mm and p value <0.001). Furthermore, a high correlation is observed between predicted and manually measured coronary heights (for both R2 = 0.8). The image analysis time per patient was below one second. The proposed method is accurate, fast, and reproducible. Embedding this tool based on deep learning in the preoperative planning routine may have an impact in the TAVI environments by reducing the time and cost and improving accuracy.
Evolution of the hectocotylus in Sepiolinae (Cephalopoda: Sepiolidae) and description of four new genera

The subfamily Sepiolinae (Mollusca: Cephalopoda: Sepiolidae), currently containing the genera Sepiola Leach, 1817, Euprymna Steenstrup, 1887, Inioteuthis Verrill, 1881, Rondeletiola Naef, 1921 and Sepietta Naef, 1912, is characterized by the hectocotylization of the left dorsal arm, i.e., its transformation into a copulatory organ thanks to modifications of sucker/pedicel elements. The hectocotylus morphology varies to a great extent across genera and species. In particular, one to several pedicels in its proximal third lose their sucker and become highly and diversely modified in shape to constitute a copulatory apparatus. An evolutionary gradient was observed in the copulatory apparatus morphology, from the simple modification into a papilla of just one pedicel from the third element of the ventral sucker row (some nominal species of Euprymna ) to a quite complex structure involving several variously modified pedicels from both the ventral and dorsal sucker rows ( Inioteuthis ). In some species, elements in the distal portion of the hectocotylus may also be highly modified, such as the columnar suckers in Euprymna . The hectocotylian diversity allows to distinguish nine groups of species that do not match the current generic subdivision of Sepiolinae. Additional morphological characters (number of sucker rows on arms, female bursa copulatrix, occurrence and shape of visceral light organs, etc.) corroborate the subdivision of Sepiolinae into nine subtaxa, i.e., genera. Accordingly, a cladogram is drawn to describe the possible phylogenetic relationships among the nine clades. To comply with these results, all current genera are redefined and four new genera are described, namely Adinaefiola gen. nov., Boletzkyola gen. nov., Eumandya gen. nov. and Lusepiola gen. nov.
Development of a hybrid grid-and particle-based numerical method for resolution of fine vortex structures in fluid mechanics

The paper presents a novel hybrid approach developed to improve the resolution of concentrated vortices in computational fluid mechanics. The method is based on combination of a grid based and the grid free computational vortex (CVM) methods. The large scale flow structures are simulated on the grid whereas the concentrated structures are modeled using CVM. Due to this combination the advantages of both methods are strengthened whereas the disadvantages are diminished. The procedures of the separation of small concentrated vortices from the large scale vortices is based on LES filtering idea. The flow dynamics is governed by two coupled transport equations taking two way interaction between large and fine structures into account. The fine structures are mapped back to the grid represented large structures if their size grows due to diffusion. Algorithmic aspects of the hybrid method are discussed.
Prevalence and distribution of various human papillomavirus genotypes in women with high risk for cervical carcinoma

Cervical cancer is the third most common cancer in world and second most common cancer in females in India. It is the second common cause of death due to cancer in women in India with about 60,078 deaths occurring annually. Human papilloma virus (HPV) is the most common infection that is acquired sexually in the world with a prevalence of about 50% in young adolescents that are sexually active. There is a wide variation in the HPV prevalence and its genotypic distribution and this is due to different socio-economic and geo-climatic condition. High prevalence is related to presence of risk factors such as early age of first intercourse, polygamous relationship, presence of STI’s including HIV. Furthermore, the incidence rate continues to rise at a rapid pace each year, underscoring the need for preventative measures and access to treatment. Infection with high risk oncogenic genotypes of the HPV has been established as a necessary cause of cervical cancer. Genotype 16 and 18 are ABSTRACT
Adaptation and Validation of the Tamil (Sri Lanka) Version ofthe Montreal Cognitive Assessment

The study aimed to develop the Tamil (Sri Lanka) version of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) and investigate its reliability and validity as a brief screening tool for mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Tamil-speaking Sri Lankan older adults with normal cognition and MCI were recruited from a neurology clinic. Adaptation of the English MoCA to the Tamil (Sri Lanka) involved contextspecific content modification and translation. The content validity, reliability, sensitivity, and specificity of the tool were evaluated. Study participants were 184 older adults, comprising 85 with normal cognition and 99 neurologist-diagnosed MCI. The tool had high internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha=0.83). ROC curve analyses showed an area under the curve of 0.87 (95% CI 0.83-0.91) for detecting MCI. The optimal cut-off score for detection of MCI was 23/24, yielded a sensitivity and specificity of 84.7% and 76.4%, respectively. The Tamil (Sri Lankan) version of the MoCA maintains its core diagnostic properties rendering 1 Department of Community and Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Jaffna, Sri Lanka, padcoonghe@univ.jfn. ac.lk 2 No. 26 D 1/1, Rosmed Place, Colombo 7, Sri Lanka. 3 Psychiatry Unit, Teaching Hospital, Jaffna, Sri Lanka. 4 Neurology Unit, Teaching Hospital, Jaffna, Sri Lanka. 5 Duke-National University of Singapore (NUS) Medical School No.8, College Road, Singapore 169857. 6 Duke Global Health Institute, No.310, Trent Drive, Durham NC USA, 27710. Date Received: 22 October 2018 Date Accepted: 19 December 2019 KALYĀNĪ: Journal of the University of Kelaniya, ISSN 2012-6859, Volume XXXIII (Issue I/II), 2019 2 it a valid and reliable tool for screening of MCI among Tamil speaking Sri Lankan older adults.
Human Tutoring vs. Teachable Agent Tutoring

The researchers in the field of cognitive science and learning science suggest that the teaching activity induces the elaborative and meaningful learning. Actually, lots of research findings have shown the beneficial effect of learning by teaching such as peer tutoring. But peer tutoring has some limitations in the practical learning context. To overcome some limitations, the new concept of “learning by teaching” through the agent called Teachable Agent. The teachable agent is a modified version of traditional intelligent tutoring system that assigns a role of tutor to teach the agent. The teachable agent monitors individual difference and provides a student with a chance for deep learning and motivation to learn by allowing them to play an active role in the process of learning. That is, The teaching activity induces the elaborative and meaningful learning. This study compared the effects of our teachable agent, KORI, and peer tutoring on the cognition and motivation. The field experiment was conducted to examine whether learning by teaching the teachable agent would be more effective than peer tutoring and reading condition. In the experiment, all participants took 30 minutes lesson on rock and rock cycle together to acquire the base knowledge in the domain. After the lesson, participants were randomly assigned to one of the three experimental conditions; reading condition, peer tutoring condition, and teachable agent condition. Next, participants of each condition moved into separated place and performed their own learning activity. After finishing all of the learning activities in each condition, all participants were instructed to rate the interestingness using a 5-point scale on their own learning activity and leaning material, and were given the comprehension test. The results indicated that the teachable agent condition and the peer tutoring condition showed more interests in the learning than the reading condition. It is suggested that teachable agent has more advantages in overcoming the several practical limitations of peer tutoring such as restrictions in time and place, tutor’s cognitive burden, unnecessary interaction during peer tutoring. The applicability and prospects of the teachable agent as an efficient substitute for peer tutoring and traditional intelligent tutoring system were also discussed.
New molecular classification of large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma and small cell lung carcinoma with potential therapeutic impacts

Large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (LCNECs) and small cell lung carcinomas (SCLCs) are high-grade neuroendocrine carcinomas of the lung with very aggressive behavior and poor prognosis. Their histological classification as well as their therapeutic management has not changed much in recent years, but genomic and transcriptomic analyses have revealed different molecular subtypes raising hopes for more personalized treatment. Indeed, four subtypes of SCLCs have been recently described, SCLC-A driven by the master gene ASCL1, SCLC-N driven by NEUROD1, SCLC-Y by YAP1 and SCLC-P by POU2F3. Whereas SCLC standard of care is based on concurrent chemoradiation for limited stages and on chemotherapy alone or chemotherapy combined with anti-PD-L1 checkpoint inhibitors for extensive stage SCLC, SCLC-A variants could benefit from DLL3 or BCL2 inhibitors, and SCLC-N variants from Aurora kinase inhibitors combined with chemotherapy, or PI3K/mTOR or HSP90 inhibitors. In addition, a new SCLC variant (SCLC-IM) with high-expression of immune checkpoints has been also reported, which could benefit from immunotherapies. PARP inhibitors also gave promising results in combination with chemotherapy in a subset of SCLCs. Regarding LCNECs, they represent a heterogeneous group of tumors, some of them exhibiting mutations also found in SCLC but with a pattern of expression of NSCLC, while others harbor mutations also found in NSCLC but with a pattern of expression of SCLC, questioning their clinical management as NSCLCs or SCLCs. Overall, we are probably entering a new area, which, if personalized treatments are effective, will also lead to the implementation in practice of molecular testing or biomarkers detection for the selection of patients who can benefit from them.
Net CO2 fossil fuel emissions of Tokyo estimated directly from measurements of the Tsukuba TCCON site and radiosondes

Abstract. We present a simple statistical approach for estimating the greenhouse gas emissions of large cities using accurate long-term data of column-averaged greenhouse gas abundances collected by a nearby FTIR (Fourier transform infrared) spectrometer. This approach is then used to estimate carbon dioxide emissions from Tokyo. FTIR measurements by the Total Carbon Column Observing Network (TCCON) derive gas abundances by quantitative spectral analysis of molecular absorption bands observed in near-infrared solar absorption spectra. Consequently these measurements only include daytime data. The emissions of Tokyo are derived by binning measurements according to wind direction and subtracting measurements of wind fields from outside the Tokyo area from measurements of wind fields from inside the Tokyo area. We estimate the average yearly carbon dioxide emissions from the area of Tokyo to be 70±21±6 MtC yr−1 between 2011 and 2016, calculated using only measurements from the TCCON site in Tsukuba (north-east of Tokyo) and wind-speed data from nearby radiosondes at Tateno. The uncertainties are estimated from the distribution of values and uncertainties of parameters (±21) and from the differences between fitting residuals with polynomials or with sines and cosines (±6). Our estimates are a factor of 1.7 higher than estimates using the Open-Data Inventory for Anthropogenic Carbon dioxide emission inventory (ODIAC), but when results are scaled by the expected daily cycle of emissions, measurements simulated from ODIAC data are within the uncertainty of our results. The goal of this study is not to calculate the best possible estimate of CO2 emissions but to describe a simple method which can be replicated easily and uses only observation data.
Aus dem Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie der Medizinischen Fakultät der Martin-Luther-Universität Halle Wittenberg

1. Ruf V, Stewart S, Pretorius S, Kubheka M, Lautenschlaeger C, Presek P, Sliwa K. Medication adherence and aspects of heart failure management-a cross sectional study in South Africa. Eur Heart J 2008: 84486 2. Ruf V, Stewart S, Pretorius S, Kubheka M, Sliwa K. Patient compliance and knowledge on heart failure in South Africa. SAMJ 2007; 97: 11 3. Pretorius S, Ruf V, Sliwa K, Walker K, Stewart S. Food choices and their nutritional value in black African patients with heart failure: The Heart of Soweto Study. SAMJ 2007; 97: 11
Routine Medical Checkup Knowledge, Attitude and Practice among Health Care Workers in a Tertiary Health Facility in Calabar, Cross River State, Nigeria

INTRODUCTION: Routine medical checkup is seen as effective in preventing illness and promoting health as well as reducing morbidity and mortality. The aim of this study was to determine the knowledge, attitude and practice of routine health check-up among health care workers (Doctors, Nurses, Radiographers, Lab scientists, Pharmacists, Medical record officers and Health assistants) in a tertiary health facility in Calabar, Nigeria. METHODS: A descriptive survey design was adopted for the study. Stratified random sampling technique was used to select sample size of 318. Data was collected through a structured interviewer questionnaire with the reliability coefficient of 0.83. Data generated were analyzed using statistical package for social sciences (SPSS v.20). The significance of the hypothesis was tested using Chi – Square statistics at <0.05 level of significance. RESULT: From the findings, majority of the respondents, 295 (92.8%) had good knowledge of routine health checkup. Most respondents, 205 (64.5%) had positive attitude towards routine health checkup. And a few respondents, 147 (46%) practiced routine health checkup. Hypothesis revealed that the calculated X2 value (5.92a) was greater than the critical X2 value of 3.84 at <0.05 level of significance showing that there was a significant relationship between Doctors and Nurses knowledge and practice of routine health checkup. CONCLUSION: In conclusion, health workers had good knowledge and positive attitude towards routine health checkup. Poor practice of routine medical checkup was also observed. Hence, the researchers recommended that regular seminars and mandatory annual medical examinations should be organized for health workers in all the departments in the hospital to improve their knowledge and practice of routine health check-up. There is need to study the factors associated with practice of medical checkup among Doctors and Nurses in the study area.
Three-Dimensional Convective Planforms for Inclined Darcy-Bénard Convection

We investigate the onset of convection in an inclined Darcy-Bénard layer. When such a layer is unbounded in the spanwise direction it is generally known that longitudinal rolls comprise the most unstable planform. On the other hand, when a layer has a sufficiently small spanwise width, then transverse rolls form the most unstable planform. However, the layer remains stable to transverse roll disturbances when the inclination is above roughly 31 degrees from the horizontal. This paper considers the transition between these two extreme cases where the spanwise width takes moderate values and where rectangular cells are considered. It is found that the most unstable planform is quite strongly sensitive to the magnitude of the spanwise width and that there are large regions of parameter space within which three-dimensional convection patterns have the smallest critical Darcy-Rayleigh number.
Threshold Effect of State Budget Spending on Economic Growth: the Case of Vietnam

To the best of our knowledge, a very few studies have focused on the threshold effect of budget spending on economic growth in developing and developed countries. The purpose of this paper is to study the threshold effect of budget spending on economic growth in the Vietnam. Using a threshold analysis in the period over 1986-2018. The data were collected from Department of Statistics of Vietnam. Our results demonstrate that the optimal ratio of State budget expenditure to Vietnam's GDP is 24.67%. If this threshold is exceeded, the increase of the percentage ratio of State budget expenditure/GDP will have a negative impact on the speed of GDP growth.
Outcomes of Discectomy by Using Full-Endoscopic Visualization Technique via the Transcorporeal and Transdiscal Approaches in the Treatment of Cervical Intervertebral Disc Herniation: A Comparative Study

Objective To compare the difference in clinical and radiographic outcomes between anterior transcorporeal and transdiscal percutaneous endoscopic cervical discectomy (ATc-PECD/ATd-PECD) approaches for treating patients with cervical intervertebral disc herniation (CIVDH). Method We selected 77 patients with single-segment CIVDH and received ATc-PECD or ATd-PECD in the Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University between March 1, 2010, and July 1, 2015. 35 patients suffered from ATc-PECD, and there were 42 patients in the ATd-PECD group. Obtaining the data of 1, 3, 6, 12, and 24 months postoperatively, the VAS for neck and arm pain and the modified MacNab criteria were used to evaluate the clinical outcomes, comparing radiographic outcomes and complications of these two groups. Results We found that the mean operative time was significantly longer in the ATc-PECD group (P < 0.05). At the 2-year follow-up, the mean VAS score for neck and arm pain was significantly decreased in both two groups. There was no significant difference in the VAS score for arm pain and neck pain between the two groups at the 2-year follow-up (P=0.783 and P=0.785, respectively). For the ATc-PECD group, the difference in the height of IVS or vertebral body was significant between the preoperative and postoperative groups (P < 0.05, respectively). For the ATd-PECD group, there was only a significant decrease in the height of the IVS (P < 0.05); the decrease in the surgical vertebral body was not significant between the preoperative and postoperative groups (P > 0.05). Conclusion In the 2-year follow-up, there is no significant difference in the clinical outcomes between the 2 approaches. While the longer time was consumed in the ATc-PECD group, the lower rate of disc collapse and recurrence is notable. Additionally, when the center diameter of tunnel was limited to 6 mm, the bony defect can be healed without the occurrence of the collapse of the superior endplate, and ATc-PECD may be preferable in the endoscopic treatment of CIVDH.