Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Breast Cancer 3-years Survival Rate Based on the Pathological Stages

ABSTRACTIntroduction: The aims of this study was to determine the differences of breast cancer survival rate based on Pathological stages.Methods: This study was conducted with a retrospective case control design using secondary data from Dr. Soetomo General Hospital's medical records. The technique used to take the samples was purposive sampling. The sample was 45 breast cancer patients in Dr. Soetomo General Hospital In January 2015, that able to be contacted again and had a medical record in the oncology center in Dr. Soetomo General Hospital Surabaya. The variables studied is breast cancer survival based on the pathological stages.Results: Breast cancer patients at the stage of IIA have 100% 3-year survival rate, stage IIB by 83.3%, stage IIIA by 71.4%, stage IIIB by 53.8%, IIIC by 50%, and stage IV by 30%. With a comparison of the log-rank significance p = 0.104. Conclusion: The survival rate of breast cancer patients is lower in line with the increasing pathological stage of breast cancer.
Combining Computed Tomography and Histology Leads to an Evolutionary Concept of Hepatic Alveolar Echinococcosis

Alveolar echinococcosis (AE) is caused by the intermediate stage of Echinococcus multilocularis. We aimed to correlate computed tomography (CT) data with histology to identify distinct characteristics for different lesion types. We classified 45 samples into five types with the Echinococcus multilocularis Ulm Classification for Computed Tomography (EMUC-CT). The various CT lesions exhibited significantly different histological parameters, which led us to propose a progression model. The initial lesion fit the CT type IV classification, which comprises a single necrotic area with the central located laminated layer, a larger distance between laminated layer and border zone, a small fibrotic peripheral zone, and few small particles of Echinococcus multilocularis (spems). Lesions could progress through CT types I, II, and III, characterized by shorter distances between laminated layer and border zone, more spems inside and surrounding the lesion, and a pronounced fibrotic rim (mostly in type III). Alternatively, lesions could converge to a highly calcified, regressive state (type V). Our results suggest that the CT types mark sequential stages of the infection, which progress over time. These distinct histological patterns advance the understanding of interactions between AE and human host; moreover, they might become prognostically and therapeutically relevant.
Deep Learning Versus Iterative Reconstruction for CT Pulmonary Angiography in the Emergency Setting: Improved Image Quality and Reduced Radiation Dose

To compare image quality and the radiation dose of computed tomography pulmonary angiography (CTPA) subjected to the first deep learning-based image reconstruction (DLR) (50%) algorithm, with images subjected to the hybrid-iterative reconstruction (IR) technique (50%). One hundred forty patients who underwent CTPA for suspected pulmonary embolism (PE) between 2018 and 2019 were retrospectively reviewed. Image quality was assessed quantitatively (image noise, signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR)) and qualitatively (on a 5-point scale). Radiation dose parameters (CT dose index, CTDIvol; and dose-length product, DLP) were also recorded. Ninety-three patients were finally analyzed, 48 with hybrid-IR and 45 with DLR images. The image noise was significantly lower and the SNR (24.4 ± 5.9 vs. 20.7 ± 6.1) and CNR (21.8 ± 5.8 vs. 18.6 ± 6.0) were significantly higher on DLR than hybrid-IR images (p < 0.01). DLR images received a significantly higher score than hybrid-IR images for image quality, with both soft (4.4 ± 0.7 vs. 3.8 ± 0.8) and lung (4.1 ± 0.7 vs. 3.6 ± 0.9) filters (p < 0.01). No difference in diagnostic confidence level for PE between both techniques was found. CTDIvol (4.8 ± 1.4 vs. 4.0 ± 1.2 mGy) and DLP (157.9 ± 44.9 vs. 130.8 ± 41.2 mGy∙cm) were lower on DLR than hybrid-IR images. DLR both significantly improved the image quality and reduced the radiation dose of CTPA examinations as compared to the hybrid-IR technique.
Energy-Efficient Joint Pushing and Caching Based on Markov Decision Process

Content caching provides a rare trade-off opportunity between low-cost memory and energy consumption, yet finding the optimal causal policy with low computational complexity remains a challenge. In this paper, we formulate the problem of joint pushing and caching at end users in a Markov decision process (MDP) framework with the aim of minimizing energy cost under causal knowledge of the user request delay information and strict delay constraint. We put forth a novel approach to decouple the influence of buffer occupancy and user request, allowing one to equivalently run value iteration in a much smaller state space. Furthermore, by exploiting a structural property we discovered as generalized monotonicity, we design a computationally efficient non-iterative algorithm, fast assignment of state transition, to map the optimal policy from the smaller state space back to the complete state space. This, in turn, significantly simplifies the search for optimal policy. The results attain close performance in comparison with theoretical bounds from non-causal policies, while benefiting from better time efficiency than the unadapted MDP solutions.
Testing seed-size predictions in Mediterranean annual grasslands

Abstract On the basis of previous research, we predict that Mediterranean grasslands should show larger-seeded annuals in: (1) more-arid grasslands; (2) more-fertile soils; (3) less-grazed grasslands; and (4) grasslands with lower intensities of seed predation by ants. To test these predictions, we set 29 sampling units of 50 m × 50 m in a 1000 km2 grassland area in Central Spain, and characterized them according to the former factors. We then recorded annual vegetation using ten quadrats of 20 cm × 20 cm in each sampling unit. Seed size at the community level was described using six variables: (1) mean seed mass; (2) standard deviation of seed mass; (3) weighted mean seed mass (by species frequencies); (4) proportion of small-seeded annuals; (5) proportion of medium-seeded annuals; and (6) proportion of large-seeded annuals. Most climate variables (mean annual temperature, length of the summer drought, water balance and mean annual precipitation) correlated with seed-size descriptors, showing that large-seeded annuals increase in warmer and more-arid communities. Mean seed size was modelled as a function of mean annual temperature and grazing pressure. According to this model, warmer and less-grazed communities tend to show a smaller mean seed size. These results confirm the importance of seed-size descriptors at the community level in Mediterranean grasslands, and the role of climate and grazing as major drivers in these communities. Conversely, hypotheses about soil fertility and seed predation by ants were not supported by our results.
Analysing the Relationship between Nutrition and the Microbial Composition of the Oral Biofilm—Insights from the Analysis of Individual Variability

The influence of a change in nutrition on the oral microbiota are discussed in literature, but usually only changes of population mean values are reported. This paper introduces simple methods to also analyse and report the variability of patients’ reactions considering data from the culture analysis of oral biofilm. The framework was illustrated by an experimental study exposing eleven participants to different nutrition schemes in five consecutive phases. Substantial inter-individual variations in the individual reactions were observed. A new coherence index made it possible to identify 14 instances where the direction of individual changes tended to coincide with the direction of the mean change with more than 95% probability. The heterogeneity in variability across different bacteria species was limited. This allowed us to develop recommendations for sample sizes in future studies. For studies measuring the concentration change of bacteria as a reaction to nutrition change, the use of replications and analysis of the variability is recommended. In order to detect moderate effects of a change in nutrition on the concentration of single bacterial taxa, 30 participants with three repetitions are often adequate. Insights into the relationship between nutrition and the microbial composition can be helpful for the development of dietary habits that promote the establishment of a healthy microbial flora and can therefore prevent the initiation of oral diseases such as caries and periodontitis.
Efficacy of pectoral nerve block type II versus thoracic paravertebral block for analgesia in breast cancer surgery.

OBJECTIVE The aim: to compare the efficacy of pectoral nerve block type II and thoracic paravertebral block for analgesia during and after breast cancer surgery. PATIENTS AND METHODS Materials and methods: Sixty adult women were undergoing unilateral radical mastectomy or quadrantectomy with axillary dissection. Patients were randomized to receive either pectoral nerve block with ropivacaine 0.375% 30 ml or thoracic paravertebral block with ropivacaine 0.5% 20 ml. Evaluated variables included pain intensity at 0, 2, 4, 6, 12, 18 and 24 hours, intraoperative fentanyl, 24-hour postoperative opioid (promedol) and nonopioid (ketoprofen) consumption, the time to first rescue analgesia. RESULTS Results: There were no statistically significant differences between pectoral block and paravertebral block groups in intraoperative fentanyl consumption 2,2 (1,81-2,81) vs 1,9 (1,63-2,25) mcg/kg/hour (Р>0,05) and in the pain intensity during the first 24 hours after operation. The mean postoperative 24-hour promedol and ketoprofen consumption was 4,0 (±8,14) mgvs 5,0 (±8,85) mg (Р>0,05) and 66,7 (±66,09) mgvs 95,8 (±90,78) mg (Р>0,05) in the pectoral and paravertebral block groups respectively. Time to the first analgesia request was longer in pectoral block group - 540 (455,0-600,0) min vs 515 (265,0-650,0) min (Р>0,05). There were no complications after pectoral blocks and 2 complications after paravertebral blocks. CONCLUSION Conclusions: in breast cancer surgery pectoral nerve blocktype II can provide postoperative analgesia comparable to thoracic paravertebral block with lower complications rate.
Evolving social contact patterns during the COVID-19 crisis in Luxembourg

We conducted an internet survey using Survey Monkey over six weeks to evaluate the impact of the government interventions on social contact patterns in Luxembourg. Participants were recruited via the science.lu website on March 25, April 2, April 16, May 1 during lockdown, and June 12 and June 25 after the lockdown to provide an estimate of their number of contacts within the previous 24 hours. During the lockdown, a total of 5,644 survey participants with a mean age of 44.2 years reported 18,118 contacts (mean = 3.2, IQR 1–4). The average number of contacts per day increased by 24% from 2.9 to 3.6 over the lockdown period. The average number of contacts decreased with age: 4.2 (IQR 2–5) for participants below 25 years and 1.7 (IQR 1–2) for participants above 64 years. Residents of Portuguese nationality reported a higher number of contacts (mean = 4.3, IQR 2–5) than Luxembourgish (mean = 3.5, IQR 2–4) or other foreign residents, respectively. After lockdown, 1,119 participants reported 7,974 contacts with 7.1 (IQR 3–9) contacts per day on average, of which 61.7% (4,917/7,974) occurred without a facemask (mean = 4.9, IQR 2–6). While the number of social contacts was substantially lower during the lockdown by more than 80% compared to the pre-pandemic period, we observed a more recent 121% increase during the post lockdown period showing an increased potential for COVID-19 spread. Monitoring social contacts is an important indicator to estimate the possible impact of government interventions on social contacts and the COVID-19 spread in the coming months.
Neuropilin‐1 expression in GnRH neurons regulates prepubertal weight gain and sexual attraction

Hypothalamic neurons expressing gonadotropin‐releasing hormone (GnRH), the “master molecule” regulating reproduction and fertility, migrate from their birthplace in the nose to their destination using a system of guidance cues, which include the semaphorins and their receptors, the neuropilins and plexins, among others. Here, we show that selectively deleting neuropilin‐1 in new GnRH neurons enhances their survival and migration, resulting in excess neurons in the hypothalamus and in their unusual accumulation in the accessory olfactory bulb, as well as an acceleration of mature patterns of activity. In female mice, these alterations result in early prepubertal weight gain, premature attraction to male odors, and precocious puberty. Our findings suggest that rather than being influenced by peripheral energy state, GnRH neurons themselves, through neuropilin–semaphorin signaling, might engineer the timing of puberty by regulating peripheral adiposity and behavioral switches, thus acting as a bridge between the reproductive and metabolic axes.
Complex roles of Rabs and SNAREs in the secretory pathway and plant development: a never‐ending story

Membrane trafficking is critical for cell compartmentation which allows the maintenance of specialised environments required for specific cellular activities. To achieve this goal, cells need to tightly regulate vesicle transport between donor and acceptor compartments. Several different protein families are involved: among them the SNAREs (65 genes) and the small GTPases Rabs (57 genes) show the highest number of isoforms and will be in the spotlight. We will focus on the roles of these proteins in the ER–Golgi–plasma membrane pathway to illustrate how Rabs and SNAREs are involved to achieve specific set of functions.
Rabbit coccidiosis and its control : a review

Coccidiosis caused by Eimeria species, is a major parasitic disease of rabbits and is responsible for a high incidence of morbidity and mortalitv. The incidence of this disease in European countries in 21-60% and in India 13-64%. In commercially reared rabbits; coccidiosis occurs . in a subclinical form with growth retardation and altered feed conversion. The disease occurs in two forms, hepatic and intestinal, the latter being more common than the former. Presently, the control of rabbit coccidiosis relies almost entirely on chemical coccidiostats. However, extensive use of such drugs in commercial rabbitries has already started creating problems of drug resistance. In view of the limitations of chemotherapy, it is imperative to develop immunoprophylactic measures against rabbit coccidiosis. These include development of live-attenuated and recombinant vaccines against the parasite.
Improved Vim targeting for focused ultrasound ablation treatment of essential tremor: A probabilistic and patient‐specific approach

Magnetic resonance‐guided focused ultrasound (MRgFUS) ablation of the ventral intermediate (Vim) thalamic nucleus is an incisionless treatment for essential tremor (ET). The standard initial targeting method uses an approximate, atlas‐based stereotactic approach. We developed a new patient‐specific targeting method to identify an individual's Vim and the optimal MRgFUS target region therein for suppression of tremor. In this retrospective study of 14 ET patients treated with MRgFUS, we investigated the ability of WMnMPRAGE, a highly sensitive and robust sequence for imaging gray matter‐white matter contrast, to identify the Vim, FUS ablation, and a clinically efficacious region within the Vim in individual patients. We found that WMnMPRAGE can directly visualize the Vim in ET patients, segmenting this nucleus using manual or automated segmentation capabilities developed by our group. WMnMPRAGE also delineated the ablation's core and penumbra, and showed that all patients' ablation cores lay primarily within their Vim segmentations. We found no significant correlations between standard ablation features (e.g., ablation volume, Vim‐ablation overlap) and 1‐month post‐treatment clinical outcome. We then defined a group‐based probabilistic target, which was nonlinearly warped to individual brains; this target was located within the Vim for all patients. The overlaps between this target and patient ablation cores correlated significantly with 1‐month clinical outcome (r = −.57, p = .03), in contrast to the standard target (r = −.23, p = .44). We conclude that WMnMPRAGE is a highly sensitive sequence for segmenting Vim and ablation boundaries in individual patients, allowing us to find a novel tremor‐associated center within Vim and potentially improving MRgFUS treatment for ET.
Synthesis and recycling of antifreeze glycoproteins in polar fishes

Abstract Evolutionary disparate Antarctic notothenioids and Arctic gadids have adapted to their freezing environments through the elaboration of essentially identical antifreeze glycoproteins (AFGPs). Here we show that this convergence of molecular identity, which evolved from unrelated parent genes, extends to convergence in physiological deployment. Both fish groups synthesize AFGPs in the exocrine pancreas from where they are discharged into the gut to inhibit the growth of ingested ice. Antifreeze glycoproteins not lost with the faeces are resorbed from the gut via the rectal epithelium, transported to the blood and ultimately secreted into the bile, from where they re-enter the gastrointestinal tract. Antifreeze glycoprotein recirculation conserves energy expenditure and explains how high levels of AFGPs reach the blood in notothenioids since, unlike Arctic gadids which also synthesize AFGP in the liver, AFGP secretion in notothenioids is directed exclusively towards the gastrointestinal lumen. Since AFGPs function by inhibiting ice crystal growth, ice must be present for them to function. The two fish groups are thus faced with an identical problem of how to deal with internal ice. Here we show that both accumulate AFGPs within ellipsoidal macrophages of the spleen, presumably adsorbed to phagocytosed ice crystals which are then held until a warming event ensues.
NEST WEIGHT AND FEMALE HEALTH IN THE BLUE TIT (CYANISTES CAERULEUS)

Abstract We explored two hypotheses that may explain intraspecific variability in nest size. The “thermoregulatory” hypothesis states that species adjust nest size to maintain egg temperature and minimize temperature fluctuations in the nest. Recently, the suggestion has been made that nest size may reflect the health status or phenotypic quality of the builder, potentially making it a sexually selected trait (“sexual selection” hypothesis). For two years, we weighed nests of Blue Tit (Cyanistes caeruleus) at initiation of reproduction in a nest-box breeding population in central Spain. We recorded laying date, clutch size, incubation period, and hatching success. We measured and took blood samples of adult females when nestlings reached three days of age. General regression models controlling for potential variables that could affect nest weight revealed that prevalence of Trypanosoma avium and immunoglobulin levels in females were significantly related to nest weight in only one of the study years. Females not infected with Trypanosoma avium built heavier nests than infected ones, whereas female immunoglobulin levels were negatively associated with nest weight. Hatching success and duration of the incubation period were not related to nest weight in either year. Thus, our results do not support the thermoregulatory hypothesis and show that certain measures of female health are related to nest-building effort in some years, probably depending on environmental conditions. Peso del Nido y Estado de Salud de la Hembra en el Cyanistes caeruleus
First Nuclear DNA C-values for Another 25 Angiosperm Families

Nuclear DNA C-value is an important genomic biodiversity character with many uses. An international workshop sponsored by Annals of Botany and held at the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, UK, in 1997 identified major gaps in our knowledge of plant DNA C-values and recommended targets for new work. Improved taxonomic coverage was highlighted as a key need for angiosperms, especially at the familial level. In 1997 C-values were known for only approx. 32% of angiosperm families; a goal of complete familial representation by 2002 was recommended. A review published in 2000 (Bennett et al.;Annals of Botany86: 859–909) noted poor progress towards this aim: of the 691 first C-values for species only 12 (1.7%) were for unrepresented families. We began new work to address this in 1999, reporting first DNA C-values for 25 angiosperm families in 2001 (Hanson et al.;Annals of Botany87: 251–258). Here we report first DNA C-values for a further 25 angiosperm families, increasing familial coverage in angiosperms to approx. 45%. Such targeting remains essential to approach the goal set by the 1997 workshop of familial coverage for angiosperms within 5 years. The 4C DNA amounts presented here range from 0.76 pg (similar toArabidopsis thaliana ) in Roridula gorgonias(Roridulaceae) to 29.74 pg in Gunnera manicata(Gunneraceae). 1C values were < 3.5 pg in 23 of the 25 families; these data provide further support for the view that ancestral angiosperms almost certainly had small genomes (defined as 1C ⩽ 3.5 pg). Chromosome counts are reported for 20 taxa, including first records for one genus and five species.
Host Plant Affects Symbiont Abundance in Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae)

Simple Summary The nutritional contributions of symbionts facilitate herbivores’ plant utilization, promoting insects infecting and spreading on host plants. In this study we investigated the effects of host plants on the symbionts of Bemisia tabaci Middle East-Asia Minor 1 (MEAM1) from a nutritional aspect. We found that three host plant-adapted whitefly populations harbored the same symbiont taxa in different quantities. The amount of the primary symbiont Portiera decreased with increasing host-plant essential amino acid proportions in whitefly populations and even in those transferred to different host-plant species to meet the nutritional demands of whiteflies. However, the abundance of the secondary symbionts in whiteflies after host-plant-shifting for one generation showed little correlation with essential amino acid levels of host plants. It demonstrates that host-plant nitrogen nutrition—mainly, essential amino acids—influences the abundance of symbionts, especially Portiera, to meet whiteflies’ nutritional demands, and whiteflies manipulate their symbionts’ quantity governed by the host plant. The nutrient exchanges in symbioses involving multiple partners could provide new ideas for pest control. Abstract Symbionts contribute nutrients that allow insects to feed on plants. The whitefly Bemisia tabaci Middle East-Asia Minor 1 (MEAM1) is a polyphagous pest that depends on symbionts to provide key nutrients that are deficient in the diet. Here, we established three whitefly populations on eggplants, cucumbers, and tomatoes and observed that they harbored the same symbiont taxa in different quantities. The amount of the primary symbiont, Portiera, decreased with increasing concentrations of host-plant essential amino acids (EAAs). Whitefly populations transferred to different plant species exhibited fluctuations in Portiera amounts in the first three or four generations; the amount of Portiera increased when whitefly populations were transferred to plant species with lower EAAs proportions. As for the secondary symbionts, the whitefly population of eggplants exhibited lower quantities of Hamiltonella and higher quantities of Rickettsia than the other two populations. The changes of both symbionts’ abundance in whitefly populations after host-plant-shifting for one generation showed little correlation with the EAAs’ proportions of host plants. These findings suggest that host-plant nitrogen nutrition, mainly in the form of EAAs, influences the abundance of symbionts, especially Portiera, to meet the nutritional demands of whiteflies. The results will inform efforts to control pests through manipulating symbionts in insect–symbiont associations.