Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Temporal and Three-Dimensional Spatial of the Frequency-Magnitude (FMD) Distribution Near Long Valley Caldera, California

SUMMARY The 3-D distribution of the b value of the frequency‐magnitude distribution is analysed in the seismically active parts of the crust near Long Valley Caldera, California. The seismicity is sampled in spherical volumes, containing N=150 earthquakes and centred at nodes of a grid separated by 0.3 km. Significant variations in the b value are detected, with b ranging from b#0.6 to b#2.0. High b-value volumes are located near the resurgent dome, and at depths below 5 km at Mammoth Mountain. b values are found to be much lower south of the Long Valley Caldera. We interpret this to indicate that an active magma body has advanced from depths below 8 km to depths of 4 to 5 km beneath Mammoth Mountain in 1989, and that anomalous crust, either highly fractured or containing unusually high pore pressure, such as is the case in the vicinity of active magma bodies, exists north of the seismically active area beneath the resurgent dome at all depths. We also investigate the spatial distribution of temporal variations of the frequency‐magnitude distribution by introducing diVerential b-value maps. b values increased from b#0.8 to b#1.5 underneath Mammoth Mountain at the onset of the 1989 earthquake swarm and remained high thereafter. This suggests that an intrusion permanently altered the average distribution of cracks at 5‐10 km depth, or that the pore pressure permanently increased. We propose that high b values are a necessary (but not suYcient) condition near a magmatic body, and therefore spatial b-value mapping can be used to aid in the identification of active magma bodies.
Orbital and physical parameters of eclipsing binaries from the All-Sky Automated Survey catalogue

Aims. We present results of the combined photometric and spectroscopic analysis of three detached eclipsing binaries, the secondary components of which are not visible or are very hard to identify in the optical spectra – ASAS J052743–0359.7, ASAS J065134–2211.5, and ASAS J073507–0905.7. The first one is the known visual binary ADS 4022, and we found that it is a quadruple system composed of two spectroscopic binaries, one of which shows eclipses. None of the systems have previously been recognized as a spectroscopic binary. Methods. We used the following telescopes/spectrographs to collect a number of high-resolution optical and IR spectra: Subaru/IRCS, CTIO-1.5 m/CHIRON, Euler/CORALIE, MPG-2.2 m/FEROS, OAO-188/HIDES, and TNG/HARPS-N. We used these data to calculate radial velocities (RVs) and later combined them with MITSuME and ASAS photometry. The Subaru/IRCS IR spectra were crucial for secure identification of the lines of the cooler components. Radial velocity measurements were made with the TODCOR technique, and RV curves were modelled with our own procedure V2FIT. Light-curve modelling was performed with JKTEBOP and PHOEBE codes. Temperatures and metallicities of two systems were estimated from spectra. For the ADS 4022 system we also used the archival WDS data and new SOAR observations in order to derive the orbit of the visual pair for the first time. Ages were estimated by comparing our results with PARSEC isochrones. Results. The eclipsing pair ASAS J052743–0359.7 A (P = 5.27 d) is composed of a 1.03(6) M⊙, 1.03(2) R⊙ primary and a 0.60(2) M⊙, 0.59(2) R⊙ secondary. The components of the P = 21.57 d non-eclipsing pair B likely have masses in between the two eclipsing components, and both pairs are on a ∼188 yr orbit around their common centre of mass. The system ASAS J065134-2211.5 (P = 8.22 d) consists of a 0.956(12) M⊙, 0.997(4) R⊙ primary and a 0.674(5) M⊙, 0.690(7) R⊙ secondary. Finally, ASAS J073507-0905.7 (P = 1.45 d), which consists of a 1.452(34) M⊙, 1.635(12) R⊙ primary and a 0.808(13) M⊙, 0.819(11) R⊙ secondary, is likely a pre-main sequence system. In all cases secondary eclipses are total.
Delta Hepatitis Diseases

Hepatitis delta virus (HDV) is a defective RNA virus that requires HBsAg for replication and transmission. It can cause acute or chronic hepatitis. Chronic infection with HDV is one of the most severe and difficult to treat forms of viral hepatitis. It has been estimated that there is a total of 15-20 million HDV carriers in the world. This review focuses on two fundamental aspects of HDV infection. On the one hand, epidemiological data are summarized, which are essential to understand the real burden of this disease. After the HBV vaccination programs in many countries all over the world, HDV infection has decreased since 1980’s but this decline has not continued further in the last decade. Therefore, HDV infection is still an important public health problem in the world. On the other hand, therapeutic options are described. Currently, interferons are the only option for the treatment of chronic hepatitis delta infection, and pegylated-interferons have shown better results than conventional interferons (IFNs). Monotherapy of nucleos(t)ide analogs have been found ineffective against the HDV infection, but adefovir and pegylated-IFN combination therapy have had some advantages for reduction of HBsAg levels. Trials with more potent nucleoside analogs and pegylated-IFN could be effective in the treatment of chronic HDV infection. New agents like prenylation inhibitors, that can affect the interactions between the large HDV antigen and HBsAg in the HDV virion, will be a hope in treatment of HDV infection.
Use and Occupation in Bragança Littoral, Brazilian Amazon

PEREIRA, L.C. C. , GUIMARAES, D.O. , RIBEIRO, M.J.S. , COSTA, R.M. and SOUZA FILHO, P.W. M. , 2007. Use and Occupation in Braganca Littoral, Brazilian Amazon. Journal of Coastal Research, SI 50 (Proceedings of the 9th International Coastal Symposium), 1116 – 1120. Gold Coast, Australia, ISSN 0749.0208 This work focusses on the Bragantinian Coastal Plain, which is located in the northeastern littoral of Para State, presenting an approximately 15 km waterfront. This area is situated in a macrotidal zone strongly affected by natural processes and human activities. The environmental and social aspects of five beaches in the Bragantinian littoral are described taking into account the several natural and human impacts that these beaches have been suffering along the last years. The methodology adopted in this study was based on interviews with inhabitants, direct observations and the monitoring of physical and human components. The obtained results showed that these beaches present several erosive problems, lack of adequate services and infrastructure, land use occupation disorder and lack of governmental incentive to support the sustainable development in the region. In addition, this coastal zone is one of the most frequented areas of the state, and it is considered of good quality by beach users, who pointed out its natural beauty, tranquility and fish abundance. On the other hand, the natural erosive process, intensified by the disordered occupation, is responsible for the destruction of their natural ecosystems and buildings located along the waterfront, mainly during the equinoctial spring tides. Due to importance that the Amazon littoral represents to the world, an urgent action plan is necessary to minimise the social and environmental problems observed in Braganca beaches, promoting a sustainable development of local natural resources. ADDITIONAL INDEX WORDS: Management, Amazon coast, Brazil.
Turkish Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences Turkish

Current hand prostheses are mostly driven by electromyography (EMG) signal, and existing experiments have proved that multichannel EMG signal controls are not suitable due to early fatigue problems and high eﬀort requirements to perform even simple activities. Therefore, in this study we present a new voice-controlled active hand prosthesis to perform several basic tasks. We ﬁrst designed a novel multiﬁngered prosthetic hand with the ability of picking up and releasing objects. The prosthetic hand employs 3 DC motors and gears to transfer motion to the linked parts of the ﬁngers. We used ﬂexible thin-ﬁlm resistive force sensors at the ﬁngertips of the prosthetic hand to adjust the grip force at the ﬁngers. The second part of the study involves the use of speech recognition to control the prosthetic hand. The control circuit that we designed consisted of an HM2007 speech recognition IC and a PIC microcontroller to drive the DC motors moving the ﬁngers. We implemented both the prosthetic hand and its speech recognition-based control electronics. As of now, we have programmed the control hardware to recognize simple pick up and release operations and have successfully tested them. In a future study, we will include more voice commands for the operation of the hand, such as a realistic handshake, and improve the cosmetics of the hand in order to make it look more natural.
Male gender is an adverse risk factor only in young patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma – a Swedish population-based study

Abstract Background. Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is a heterogeneous group of B-cell lymphomas. Five clinical adverse risk factors are merged into the International Prognostic Index (IPI), which is the major tool for prognostication. In contrast to Hodgkin's lymphoma, gender is not considered as an adverse risk factor for DLBCL patients. As we clinically had observed a very good survival rate in young female patients we hypothesised that there was a gender difference in survival due to the hormonal status of the patient. Material and methods. We conducted a registry-based retrospective cohort study of all Swedish DLBCL patients diagnosed between 2000 and 2013, to evaluate the impact of gender for survival from DLBCL. Results. In total, 7166 patients were included for further analysis. No survival difference was found between the genders when the entire population was analysed. However, analysis of 880 young patients of pre-menopausal age (i.e. 52 years) revealed that women had a longer survival compared to men of the same age group (p = 0.007). This was not found for patients older than menopausal age. In a relative survival multifactorial model adjusted for stage, ECOG performance status, serum lactate dehydrogenase and two or more extranodal sites, male gender was found to be an adverse risk factor for patients younger than 52 years (RR 1.51, 95% CI 1.14–1.88), but not for older patients (RR 0.99, 95% CI 0.89–1.10). Conclusion. This is one of the largest population-based studies of DLBCL presented to date. Most interestingly, we found male gender to be a significant adverse risk factor compared to fertile women whereas we found no survival differences between genders in the older sub-population.
Heterogeneous distribution of tau pathology in the behavioral variant of Alzheimer's disease

Objective: The clinical phenotype of the rare behavioral variant of Alzheimer's disease (bvAD) is insufficiently understood. Given the strong clinico-anatomical correlations of tau pathology in AD, we investigated the distribution of tau deposits in bvAD, in-vivo and ex-vivo, using PET and postmortem examination. Methods: For the tau PET study, seven amyloid-{beta} positive bvAD patients underwent [18F]flortaucipir or [18F]RO948 PET. We converted tau PET uptake values into standardized (W-)scores, by adjusting for age, sex and MMSE in a "typical" memory-predominant AD (n=205) group. W-scores were computed within entorhinal, temporoparietal, medial and lateral prefrontal, insular and whole-brain regions-of-interest, frontal-to-entorhinal and frontal-to-parietal ratios and within intrinsic functional connectivity network templates. For the postmortem study, the percentage of AT8 (tau)-positive area in hippocampus CA1, temporal, parietal, frontal and insular cortices were compared between autopsy-confirmed bvAD (n=8) and typical AD (n=7) patients. Results: Regional W-scores [≥]1.96 (corresponding to p<0.05) were observed in three cases, i.e. case #5: medial prefrontal cortex (W=2.13) and anterior default mode network (W=3.79), case #2: lateral prefrontal cortex (W=2.79) and salience network (W=2.77), and case #7: frontal-to-entorhinal ratio (W=2.04). The remaining four cases fell within the normal distributions of the typical AD group. Postmortem AT8 staining indicated no regional differences in phosphorylated tau levels between bvAD and typical AD (all p>0.05). Conclusion: Both in-vivo and ex-vivo, bvAD patients showed heterogeneous patterns of tau pathology. Since key regions involved in behavioral regulation were not consistently disproportionally affected by tau pathology, other factors are more likely driving the clinical phenotype in bvAD.
The role of [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography in thymic epithelial tumors

Abstract The purpose of this study was to systemically review the available literature regarding the diagnostic performance of positron emission tomography (PET) using 2-[18F]fluoro-2-deoxy-d-glucose ([18F]FDG) in patients with thymic epithelial tumors. We reviewed 13 studies that evaluated the diagnostic role of thymic epithelial tumors with [18F]FDG-PET. [18F]FDG-PET is a useful radiological modality for differentiating between thymomas and thymic carcinoma. However, [18F]FDG-PET may not be useful for differentiating low-risk thymoma and high-risk thymoma. One paper reported that [18F]FDG-PET has a predictive significance for treatment and prognosis in thymic epithelial tumors. Two papers reported that the degree of [18F]FDG uptake in thymic epithelial tumors is based on glucose metabolism. [18F]FDG-PET may have a further use for radiological differential diagnosis of thymomas and thymic carcinomas.
Protein Requirements Are Increased in Endurance-Trained Athletes but Similar between Females and Males during Postexercise Recovery

ABSTRACT Dietary protein supports the remodeling and recovery of lean tissue with consensus recommendations (1.2–2.0 g·kg−1·d −1), indicating that higher protein intakes are needed in trained athletes. Currently, protein intake recommendations are primarily based on research on males and typically confined to laboratory settings. Purpose This study aimed to determine the daily protein requirements of female and male endurance athletes in a home-based setting using noninvasive stable isotope methodology (i.e., indicator amino acid oxidation). Methods Eight males (30 ± 3 yr; 78.6 ± 10.5 kg; 75.6 ± 7.5 mL·kgFFM−1·min−1; mean ± SD) and seven females (30 ± 4 yr; 57.7 ± 5.0 kg; 77.5 ± 7.1 mL·kgFFM−1·min−1) during the midluteal phase were studied. After 2 d of controlled diet (1.4 gprotein·kg−1·d−1) and training (10 and 5 km run·d−1, respectively), participants completed a 20-km run before an at-home indicator amino acid oxidation trial testing a suboptimal, a moderate, and an excess (i.e., 0.2, 1.2, and 2.0 g·kg−1·d−1, respectively) protein intake. Protein was consumed as a crystalline amino acid mixture containing [1-13C]phenylalanine to examine whole-body phenylalanine flux and phenylalanine oxidation (PheOx; the reciprocal of whole-body protein synthesis) through breath and urine sample collection. A modified biphasic linear regression determined the breakpoint in PheOx for each participant to generate an estimated average intake that would maximize whole-body protein synthesis for each sex. Results PheOx was different (P < 0.01) between all protein intakes with no effect of sex (P = 0.63). Using a modified three-point curve resulted in a breakpoint that was not different (P = 0.94) between males and females (1.60 and 1.61 g·kg−1·d−1, respectively). The recommended intake (i.e., upper 95% confidence interval) was estimated to be 1.81 and 1.89 g·kg−1·d−1 for males and females, respectively. Conclusions Our findings indicate that endurance athletes consuming a daily protein intake toward the upper end of current consensus recommendations (~1.85 g·kg−1·d−1) will maximize whole-body protein synthesis during postexercise recovery regardless of sex.
Rethinking the Political Economy of Decentralization: How Elections and Parties Shape the Provision of Local Public Goods

As more and more of the world’s states devolve power and resources to sub-national governments, decentralization has emerged as one of the most important global trends of the new century. Yet there is still no consensus as to the benefits of decentralization and how to design institutions that can realize these benefits. We investigate the political conditions under which the decentralization of authority will improve the delivery of public goods. Building off Oates’ “decentralization theorem” to include inter-jurisdictional spillovers, we develop a new theory suggesting that the interaction of democratic decentralization (the popular election of subnational governments) and party centralization (the power of national party leaders over subnational office-seekers) will produce the best service delivery outcomes. To test this argument empirically, we develop a new dataset of sub-national political institutions. Our analyses, which examine educational and health service delivery in 135 countries across 30 years, provide support for our theoretical expectations.
Bio-Inspired Magnetostrictive Tactile Sensor for Surface Material Recognition

The tactile perception of an object’s surface material plays an important role in many intelligent fields including object recognition, robotic grasp, and environment exploration. Enlightened by the human active tactile perception process that originates from scanning a finger on the surface, a novel finger-like tactile sensor for surface material recognition has been designed according to the transduction mechanism of cilia and Villari effect of the iron–gallium alloy. Based on the structural dynamic theory of Euler–Bernoulli beam, the linear constitutive equations of magetostrictive material and the Faraday law of electromagnetic induction, the output voltage model of the sensor under vibration induced from the fingertip-surface scanning has been established. Furthermore, a prototype of the sensor, on the macroscale, is fabricated. In order to verify the performance, the sensor is used to measure induced vibration signals with texture properties during sliding on the surface and classify five similar texture surfaces with small differences with a classification algorithm. The experimental results indicate that the proposed tactile sensor is effective and highly accurate for surface material classification. The sensor is characterized by high sensitivity and quick response. It has the potential of being miniaturized and integrated into the finger of a robotic hand to realize surface material recognition in real time.
La investigación acción como estrategia de reflexión, mejora y cambio en la práctica docente de la enseñanza de lenguas

Action Research (AR) is understood as the reflective search process carried out by the members of a community to learn about their practice and improve the logic and justice of their own actions. This paper presents the results of an investigation on the use of AR as a strategy for reflection, improvement and change in a training program for Foreign Language teachers at the University of Colima, Mexico. The study, in its epistemological dimension, was carried out from the constructivist position since the investigator merged with the investigated object. The study was qualitative since the researcher was given the role of observer of the world in general and of that context. An open questionnaire to obtain information from a group of student teachers was administered. Data was analyzed with the Atlas.ti® software, identifying 31 codes and four categories. The results showed that AR helps student teachers to detect problems in teaching practice through reflection, to improve the process of teaching language learning, and favors academic-research training. The findings also revealed the complexity that an Action Research project could represent for university students.
Who should be called to the lab? A comprehensive comparison of students and non-students in classic experimental games

This study compares the behavior of students and non-students in a number of classic experimental games. We find that students are more likely to behave as homo-economicus agents than non-students in games involving other-regarding preferences (Dictator Game, Trust Game and Public Good Game). These differences persist even when controlling for demographics, cognitive ability and risk preferences. In games that do not engage other-regarding preferences (Beauty-contest and Second-price Auction) there is limited evidence of differences in behaviour between subject pools. In none of the five games is there evidence of significant differences in comprehension between students and non-students. Within subject analyses indicate that students are highly consistent in their other-regarding preferences while non-student subjects are inconsistent across other-regarding games. Our findings suggest that experiments using students will provide a lower bound estimate of other-regardedness in the general population while exaggerating the stability of other-regarding preferences.
2016 Third International Conference on Information Retrieval and Knowledge Management Query Reformulation Using Ontology and Keyword for Durian Web Search

—Query reformulation techniques based on ontological approach have been studied as a method to improve retrieval effectiveness. However, the evaluation of this techniques has primarily focused on comparing the technique with ontology and without ontology. The aim of this paper is to present, evaluate and compare the proposed technique in four different possibilities of reformulation. In this study we propose the combination of ontology terms and keywords from the query to reformulate new queries. The experimental result shows that reformulation using ontology terms alone has increases recall and decreases precision. However, better results were obtained when the ontology terms being combined with the query's keywords.
2016 Third International Conference on Information Retrieval and Knowledge Management Document Level Assessment for Pairwise System Evaluation

—Topic scores commonly determine the performance of retrieval systems where averaging is performed. Averaging causes loss of unit document scores that should be a measure of system effectiveness. This study aims to use document scores as a unit of measurement in a pairwise system evaluation to overcome the loss of unit document scores. Precision scores of each document per topic are calculated and used in statistical significance tests to determine if a system pair is significantly different. Aggregation of p-values from 50 topics per system pair is performed to determine the system pair significance. These are then compared to significance values from topic scores from average precision. Experimentation shows significance tests using document scores have higher numbers of statistically significant (p <= 0.01) system pairs compared to using averaged precision scores. Usage of document scores could be an alternative to averaged topic scores in pairwise system comparison.
The influence of Schizophyllum commune on the severity and exacerbation of asthma

*KURAに登録されているコンテンツの利用については,著作権法に規定されている私的使用や引用などの範囲内で行ってください。 *著作権法に規定されている私的使用や引用などの範囲を超える利用を行う場合には,著作権者の許諾を得てください。 ただし,著作権者 から著作権等管理事業者(学術著作権協会,日本著作出版権管理システムなど)に権利委託されているコンテンツの利用手続については ,各著作権等管理事業者に確認してください。 Title The Influence of Schizophyllum commune on Asthma Severity Author(s) Ogawa, Haruhiko; Fujimura, Masaki; Takeuchi, Yasuo; Makimura, Koichi Citation Lung, 189(6): 485-492 Issue Date 2011-12 Type Journal Article Text version author URL http://hdl.handle. net/2297/29566 Right