Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Regulation of Renin Secretion and Arterial Pressure During Prolonged Baroreflex Activation: Influence of Salt Intake

Chronic electric activation of the carotid baroreflex produces sustained reductions in sympathetic activity and arterial pressure and is currently being evaluated as antihypertensive therapy for patients with resistant hypertension. However, the influence of variations in salt intake on blood pressure lowering during baroreflex activation (BA) has not yet been determined. As the sensitivity of arterial pressure to salt intake is linked to the responsiveness of renin secretion, we determined steady-state levels of arterial pressure and neurohormonal responses in 6 dogs on low, normal, and high salt intakes (5, 40, 450 mmol/d, respectively) under control conditions and during a 7-day constant level of BA. Under control conditions, there was no difference in mean arterial pressure at low (92±1) and normal (92±2 mm Hg) sodium intakes, but pressure increased 9±2 mm Hg during high salt. Plasma renin activity (2.01±0.23, 0.93±0.20, 0.01±0.01 ng angiotensin I/mL/h) and plasma aldosterone (10.3±1.9, 3.5±0.5, 1.7±0.1 ng/dL) were inversely related to salt intake, whereas there were no changes in plasma norepinephrine. Although mean arterial pressure (19–22 mm Hg) and norepinephrine (20%–40%) were lower at all salt intakes during BA, neither the changes in pressure nor the absolute values for plasma renin activity or aldosterone in response to salt were different from control conditions. These findings demonstrate that suppression of sympathetic activity by BA lowers arterial pressure without increasing renin release and indicate that changes in sympathetic activity are not primary mediators of the effect of salt on renin secretion. Consequently, blood pressure lowering during BA is independent of salt intake.
Cell Cycle-Dependent Phosphorylation and Dephosphorylation of the Yeast DNA Polymerase (cid:97) -Primase B Subunit

The yeast DNA polymerase (cid:97) -primase B subunit functions in initiation of DNA replication. This protein is present in two forms, of 86 and 91 kDa, and the p91 polypeptide results from cell cycle-regulated phosphor- ylation of p86. The B subunit present in G 1 arises by dephosphorylation of p91 while cells are exiting from mitosis, becomes phosphorylated in early S phase, and is competent and sufﬁcient to initiate DNA replication. The B subunit transiently synthesized as a consequence of periodic transcription of the POL12 gene is phosphorylated no earlier than G 2 . Phosphorylation of the B subunit does not require execution of the CDC7 -dependent step and ongoing DNA synthesis. We suggest that posttranslational modiﬁcations of the B subunit might modulate the role of DNA polymerase (cid:97) -primase in DNA replication. Current evidence indicates the existence of two major con- trol points in the cell cycle: one at G 1 /S, which regulates initiation of DNA replication, and one at G 2 /M, which controls entrance into mitosis (reviewed in reference 54). Although great advances in understanding mitotic control have been made in the past few years, relatively little is known about the G 1 events that lead to the S phase (reviewed in reference 64). S-phase nuclei contain a positive activator which can prema-turely
LİSE ÖĞRENCİLERİNİN COĞRAFYA DERSİNE YÖNELİK TUTUMLARI / The Attitude of High School Students Towards Geography Course

OZET Bu calismanin amaci, orta ogretim ogrencilerinin cografya dersine yonelik tutumlarini ortaya koymaktir. Arastirmada, Erzurum’daki liselerde ogrenim goren 300 ogrenci orneklem olarak secilmistir. Veri toplama araci olarak Guven ve Uzman (2006) tarafindan gelistirilen ve 39 maddeden olusan tutum olcegi kullanilmis ve veriler belli degiskenlere gore SPSS’de analiz edilmistir. Bulgulara gore, ogrencilerin cografya dersine yonelik tutumlari orta duzeyde olup, cinsiyet ve okul turune gore anlamli bir farklilik gostermemektedir. Anahtar Kelimeler: Cografya, orta ogretim, tutum, cinsiyet farkliligi, okul turu. ABSTRACT The purpose of this study is to determine the attitudes of high school students towards Geography course. A total of 300 students from high schools in Erzurum were included in the research. The attitude scale questionnaire developed by Guven and Uzman and including 39 items has been used to collect data were and the data were analyzed in SPSS according to certain variables. The findings showed that the students attitude to geography was fairly good. In addition, it was found that there was not a significant difference in terms of gender and school type. Key words: Geography, high school, attitude, gender differences, school type.
XX. Notes on the Geology of the East Kilsyth Hills

I. Introduction. During an excursion across the Kilsyth Hills, the large development of tuff cut by dykes led Professor Gregory to suggest that the area might yield some interesting results on detailed study. The portion of country considered is that lying to the east of a line drawn from the Laird's Loup, on the Garrel Burn, to Burnhouse Farm, and to the west of the Takmedoon Road. The River Carron forms the northern boundary, and the fault separating the lavas and sandstones from the Carboniferous Limestone Series, the southern. The country to the east, north, and west is a continuation of the plateau lavas, but to the south the sediments extend. II. Topography and Surface Deposits. From Drumtocher, three-quarters of a mile north of Kilsyth, the steep southern face of the Kilsyth Hills appears to be composed of a series of lavas dipping gently to the east. The approach to the hills is over a steadily rising but gentle slope, covered by thick boulder clay, through which solid rock is only exposed in the deep trenches out by the Garrel and Greenbank Burns and their tributaries. Above this the lavas rise in an imperfect arrangement of terraces, so characteristic of the Kilpatrick Hills.1 The effect of this inclination of the lavas is at once apparent on the drainage, as on each of the terraces is a morass with an outlet to the east, which accounts for the trend of the streams rising near This 250-word extract was created in the absence of an abstract
Golden Eagles In A Perilous Landscape: Predicting The Effects Of Mitigation For Wind Turbine Blade- Strike Mortality

5 1.0 Introduction. 6 1.1. Project Objectives . 7 1.2. Report Organization. 7 2.0 Background and Project Approach. 9 2.1. Study Area. 10 2.2. The Repowering Plan. 12 2.3. Study Species. 13 2.4. Other Studies of Avian Fatalities . 15 3.0 Project Outcomes . 16 3.1. Evidence for a Change in Eagle Distribution . 16 3.2. Eagle Mortality. 19 3.2.1. Turbine Blade-strike Mortality among the Four Life-stages. 19 3.2.1.1. Juvenile Mortality . 20 3.2.1.2. Subadult and Floater Mortality . 20 3.2.1.3. Breeder Mortality. 21 3.3. Seasonal Differences . 22 3.4. Turbine Configuration and Lethality . 23 3.5. Are the Type-13 Turbines in the WRA Particularly Dangerous to Eagles? 29 3.5. 1. Tower-Height. 30 3.5. 2. Tower Spacing . 32 3.5. 3. Wind and Terrain . 33 3.5. 4. Tower Perchability . 34 3.6. Eagles and Ground Squirrels in the WRA . 35 3.7. Eagle Population Trend. 38 3.7. 1. The Alpha Model. 39 3.7. 2. A Better Trend Model . 40 3.7. 3. Survival Estimates. 41 3.7. 4. Estimate of Reproduction. 41 3.7. 5. The Population Trend Estimate and What it Means. 42 3.7. 6. Is there Evidence of a Decline? 44 3.7. 7. The Net Effect of Blade-strike Deaths . 44
Fracture apertures from electrical borehole scans

Three-dimensional finite-element modeling was performed to investigate the response to fractures of the Formation MicroScanner (Mark of Schlumberger), which records high-resolution electrical scans of the borehole wall. It is found that the equation W=cARmbRx0l describes, over two orders of magnitude of resistivity contrasts between borehole mud and the formation, the relationship between fracture width W (in mm), formation sensitivity Rx0, mud resistivity Rm, and the additional current flow A caused by the presence of the fracture. A is the additional current which can be injected into the formation divided by the voltage, integrated along a line perpendicular across the fracture trace. Coefficient c and exponent b are obtained numerically from forward modeling. Tool standoffs of up to 2.5 mm and fracture dips in the range from 0° to 40° were found to have an insignificant effect on the above relation. A three‐step approach to detect, trace,and quantify fractures is used. Potential fractures in Formation.
Plasma N-terminal fragments of natriuretic propeptides predict the risk of cardiovascular events and mortality in middle-aged men.

AIMS The prognostic significance of N-terminal pro-A-type (NT-proANP) and pro-B-type natriuretic peptides (NT-proBNP) is not well documented in population-based prospective studies. We, therefore, studied if both NT-proANP and NT-proBNP are predictive for overall death, cardiovascular events, and atrial fibrillation (AF) among middle-aged men without heart failure or AF at baseline. METHODS AND RESULTS Plasma NT-proANP and NT-proBNP were measured in a representative population-based sample of 905 men (age 46-65 years) from eastern Finland. There were 110 deaths [58 cardiovascular and 40 coronary heart disease (CHD)] and 59 cases of AF during a follow-up of 10 years. The multivariable adjusted risk for overall was 1.35-fold (95% CI 1.15-1.57) and 1.52-fold (95% CI 1.21-1.91) for CHD death for each SD (160.8 pmol/L) increment in NT-proANP. The respective risks were 1.26-fold (95% CI 1.12-1.42) and 1.44-fold (95% CI 1.22-1.60) for each SD (58.9 pmol/L) increment in NT-proBNP. The adjusted risks for future AF were 1.46 (P<0.001) and 1.72-fold (P<0.001) for each SD increment in NT-proANP and NT-proBNP, respectively. CONCLUSION The main finding of the present study is that NT-proANP and NT-proBNP are strong predictors of death from cardiovascular and other causes including AF. These natriuretic peptides add to the prognostic value of conventional risk factors and provide a non-invasive measure for identifying men with high risk of death and its co-morbidities.
Variability in the width of the tropics and the annular modes

The correlation between unforced variability in the latitude of the edge of the Hadley cell (ΦHC) and latitude of the surface westerlies (ΦEDJ) is examined using a simplified moist general circulation model (GCM) and a suite of state of the art GCMs. The correlation can be determined by the time‐mean separation of the two features. When the separation is small, there is a positive correlation, and as the separation between them increases, the correlation reduces. In the simplified model, a weak negative correlation emerges at large separations.
An Invariant T Cell Receptor ~x Chain Is Used by a Unique Subset of Major Histocompatibility Complex Class I-specific Cd4 + and Cd4-8-t Cells in Mice and Humans

The mouse thymus contains a mature T cell subset that is distinguishable from the mainstream thymocytes by several characteristics. It is restricted in its usage of T cell receptor (TCK) Vfl genes to V~8, V~7, and V~2. Its surface phenotype is that of activated/memory cells. It carries the natural killer NKI.1 surface marker. Furthermore, though it consists entirely of CD4 + and CD4-8-cells, its selection in the thymus depends solely upon major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I expression by cells of hematopoietie origin. Forced persistence of CD8, in fact, imparts negative selection. Here, we have studied the TCK repertoire of this subset and found that, whereas the B chain V-D-J junctions are quite variable, a single invariant c~ chain V~14-J281 is used by a majority of the TCRs. This surprisingly restricted usage of the V~14-J281 ot chain is dependent on MHC class I expression, but independent of the MHC haplotype. In humans, a similar unusual population including CD4-8-cells can also be found that uses a strikingly homologous, invariant c~ chain V~24-JQ. Thus, this unique V~-J~ combination has been conserved in both species, conferring specificity to some shared nonpolymorphic MHC class I/peptide self-ligand(s). This implies that the T cell subset that it defines has a specialized and important role, perhaps related to its unique ability to secrete a large set of lymphokines including interleukin 4, upon primary stimulation in vitro and in vivo. T he development and function of the minor subset of CD4-8-double negative (DN) 1 TCK-c~/fi + T cells and their relationship to the mainstream CD4 + or CD8 + T cells have been elusive issues (1). In the mouse thymus, a set of mature CD4 + (2-7), but not CD8 + (4), cells has recently been described that is strikingly similar to the DN thymocytes because it shares the membrane expression of ac-tivated/memory and NK markers and the restricted use of Vo8, V~7, and V~2 TCK-~ chains. This population has the unique potential to secrete a large set of lymphokines, including IL-4, upon primary stimulation in vitro (2, 3, 7) and in vivo (8), thus its physiological role may be to influence the Thl/Th2 differentiation of an immune response (9). It is surprising that the selection element for both these CD4 + (4) and DN (4, 10) cells has been shown to be an MHC class I molecule presented by cells of hematopoietic origin. In addition , and …
Aromatase-Inhibitor-Induced Musculoskeletal Inflammation Is Observed Independent of Oophorectomy in a Novel Mouse Model

Aromatase Inhibitors (AIs) block estrogen production and improve survival in patients with hormone-receptor-positive breast cancer. However, half of patients develop aromatase-inhibitor-induced arthralgia (AIIA), which is characterized by inflammation of the joints and the surrounding musculoskeletal tissue. To create a platform for future interventional strategies, our objective was to characterize a novel animal model of AIIA. Female BALB/C-Tg(NFκB-RE-luc)-Xen mice, which have a firefly luciferase NFκB reporter gene, were oophorectomized and treated with an AI (letrozole). Bioluminescent imaging showed significantly enhanced NFκB activation with AI treatment in the hind limbs. Moreover, an analysis of the knee joints and legs via MRI showed enhanced signal detection in the joint space and the surrounding tissue. Surprisingly, the responses observed with AI treatment were independent of oophorectomy, indicating that inflammation is not mediated by physiological estrogen levels. Histopathological and pro-inflammatory cytokine analyses further demonstrated the same trend, as tenosynovitis and musculoskeletal infiltrates were detected in all mice receiving AI, and serum cytokines were significantly upregulated. Human PBMCs treated with letrozole/estrogen combinations did not demonstrate an AI-specific gene expression pattern, suggesting AIIA-mediated pathogenesis through other cell types. Collectively, these data identify an AI-induced stimulation of disease pathology and suggest that AIIA pathogenesis may not be mediated by estrogen deficiency, as previously hypothesized.
Interleukin 2–mediated Uncoupling of T Cell Receptor (cid:97) / (cid:98) from CD3 Signaling

is the of the receptors for The protein tyrosine p56 is critical for the generation of signals emanating from the T cell antigen receptor (TCR) and has also been demonstrated to play a role in IL-2 receptor signaling. We demonstrate that an IL-2–dependent, anti-gen-specific CD4 (cid:49) T cell clone is not responsive to anti-TCR induced growth when propagated in IL-2, but remains responsive to both antigen and CD3 (cid:101) -specific monoclonal an-tibody. Survival of this IL-2–dependent clone in the absence of IL-2 was supported by overexpression of exogenous Bcl-xL. Culture of this clonal variant in the absence of IL-2 rendered it susceptible to anti-TCR–induced signaling, and correlated with the presence of kinase-active associated with the plasma membrane. The same phenotype is observed in primary, resting CD4 (cid:49) T cells. Furthermore, the presence of kinase active Lck associated with the plasma membrane correlates with the presence of ZAP 70–pp21 (cid:122) complexes in both primary T cells and T cell clones in circumstances of responsive anti-TCR signaling. The results presented demonstrate that IL-2 signal transduction results in the functional uncoupling of the TCR complex through altering the subcellular distribution of kinase-active Lck.
Wolf numbers in the Superior National Forest of Minnesota.

Seventy-seven radio-tagged wolves (Canis lupus), including members of 12 adjacent packs, were located more than 3,000 times and observed on 1,337 occasions, from 1968 through mid-1973. Projected population estimates for the 4,203 square-mile forest were 405 ? 20 for winter 1971-72, and 388 ? 14 for winter 1972-73.
OPTIMIZATION OF MULTIPLE RESERVOIR NETWORKS FOR SEDIMENTATION CONTROL

Sedimentation in rivers and reservoirs is caused by the conveyance of water and is part of the natural dynamics of an alluvial river system. If left uncontrolled, however, excessive scour of a streambed induces shifts in boundary geometry and conveyance patterns and threatens stability of bridges, hydraulic control structures, and underground utilities. Similarly, continued deposition of bed material reduces flow capacity of a channel and can lead to chronic inundation of adjacent floodplain property. An optimal control methodology is developed to evaluate reservoir management policies that minimize sediment scour and deposition in multiple-reservoir river networks. Consideration is given to adverse effects occurring in both reservoirs and rivers of a hydraulic network. The sedimentation problem is formulated as a discrete-time optimal control problem in which a successive approximation linear quadratic regulator optimization scheme is coupled with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers sediment transport simulator, HEC-6 Scour and Deposition in Rivers and Reservoirs (HEC-6 1993). Operational constraints imposed on reservoir storage levels and releases are accommodated using either a bracket or hyperbolic penalty function method. The resulting model also allows the user to evaluate policies that alternatively maximize sedimentation or consider adverse effects only at specified locations. Comparisons of the computational efficiencies between the successive approximation linear quadratic regulator and differential dynamic programming methodology and between different penalty functions are performed. Capabilities of the model are demonstrated through applications to a hypothetical three-reservoir network and the Yazoo Basin river-reservoir network in Mississippi.
EFFECT OF FOENICULUM VULGARE SEED EXTRACT ON MAMMARY GLANDS AND OVIDUCTS OF OVARIECTOMISED RATS

The effect of acetone extracts of Foeniculum vulgare Mill. , seeds at different dose levels (50/ug, 150/ug and 250/ug/100gm body wt.) on mammary glands and oviducts of castrated rats was investigated. The extract was found to increase nucleic acids and protein concentration as well as the organ weights in both the tissues. The medium and high doses were very effective. The results confirm the estrogenic nature of the seed extract.
Intracellular segregation of asialoglycoproteins and their receptor: a prelysosomal event subsequent to dissociation of the ligand-receptor complex

Rat hepatocytes in monolayer culture rapidly internalized asialoglycoproteins and the receptors to which they are bound. Subsequent to endocytosis, the receptor-ligand complex is dissociated within an acidic endosome (Harford, J., K. Bridges, G. Ashwell, and R. D. Klausner, 1983, J. Biol. Chem. 258:3191-3197; Harford, J., A. W. Wolkoff, G. Ashwell, and R. D. Klausner, 1983, J. Cell Biol. 96:1824- 1828). Here we show that addition of the proton ionophore monensin to the cells after dissociation has occurred results in intracellular rebinding of ligand molecules. With increasing time inside the cell, the ability of ligand to reassociate with receptor progressively decreases consistent with a segregation of receptor and ligand. The combination of colchicine and cytochalasin B appears to retard the process of segregation. In contrast, removal of sodium from the medium, while inhibiting degradation of ligand, does not affect the decrease in monensin-mediated rebinding. Nonetheless, both sodium deprivation and treatment with colchicine plus cytochalasin B result in the ligand remaining in a low density, nonlysosomal subcellular fraction. Thus, segregation, like dissociation, appears to occur in a pre-lysosomal endocytic compartment. Perturbation of the endocytic pathway by reduced temperature (18 degrees C) was also explored. Our data are consistent with two temperature-sensitive steps: receptor-ligand dissociation is inhibited and there is an independent temperature-sensitive step involved in delivery of ligand to lysosomes. This second effect was localized as being beyond the point in the pathway sensitive to sodium deprivation.
Bosutinib is active in chronic phase chronic myeloid leukemia after imatinib and dasatinib and/or nilotinib therapy failure.

Bosutinib, a dual Src/Abl tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI), has shown potent activity against chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). This phase 1/2 study evaluated the efficacy and safety of once-daily bosutinib 500 mg in leukemia patients after resistance/intolerance to imatinib. The current analysis included 118 patients with chronic-phase CML who had been pretreated with imatinib followed by dasatinib and/or nilotinib, with a median follow-up of 28.5 months. In this subpopulation, major cytogenetic response was attained by 32% of patients; complete cytogenetic response was attained by 24%, including in one of 3 patients treated with 3 prior TKIs. Complete hematologic response was achieved/maintained in 73% of patients. On-treatment transformation to accelerated/blast phase occurred in 5 patients. At 2 years, Kaplan-Meier-estimated progression-free survival was 73% and estimated overall survival was 83%. Responses were seen across Bcr-Abl mutations, including those associated with dasatinib and nilotinib resistance, except T315I. Bosutinib had an acceptable safety profile; treatment-emergent adverse events were primarily manageable grade 1/2 gastrointestinal events and rash. Grade 3/4 nonhematologic adverse events (> 2% of patients) included diarrhea (8%) and rash (4%). Bosutinib may offer a new treatment option for patients with chronic-phase CML after treatment with multiple TKIs. This trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials. gov as NCT00261846.
Fibronectin promotes epithelial migration of cultured rabbit cornea in situ

We investigated the effect of fibronectin on epithelial migration onto the stroma in cultured rabbit cornea. Rabbit plasma fibronectin was purified by affinity chromatography using gelatin-Sepharose 4B, and its purity was confirmed by SDS polyacrylamide slab gel electrophoresis. Antibody against rabbit plasma fibronectin raised in guinea pigs formed a single precipitin line against rabbit plasma and purified rabbit plasma fibronectin by Ouchterlony double diffusion test. When rabbit cornea was cut into small blocks and cultured in TCM-199 medium alone, corneal epithelial cells began to migrate on the cut edge of the corneal stroma. The addition of purified rabbit plasma fibronectin to the culture medium significantly enhanced epithelial migration. The degree of enhancement depended on the amount of fibronectin added. When guinea pig IgG anti-rabbit plasma fibronectin was added, epithelial migration was significantly inhibited when compared with that in control cultured corneal blocks. The results demonstrate that fibronectin promotes epithelial migration in the cornea and thus plays an important role in corneal wound healing.