Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Identification of cassava bacterial blight-causing Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. Manihotis based on rpoD and gyrB genes

Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) is one of the most important crops in Vietnam for providing food, starch sources, and raw materials for the production of bio-ethanol and other purposes. Cassava bacterial blight (CBB)disease, caused by Xanthonomas axonopodis pv. manihotis (Xam), is one of the most important factors affecting cassava production in Vietnam. A rapid and sensitive molecular tool is required to support the traditional method, primarily based on biochemical reactions, that was considered less sensitive and time-consuming. In the present study, in order to detect Xam, the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) technique was applied with the two primerpairs, rpoD_17F/rpoD_1005R and XgyrconpcrF1/Xgyrconrpcr1, to amplify partial sequences of rpoD and gyrBgenes, respectively. The primers directed the amplification of about 900 bp DNA fragments from CBB-infected leaf and stem tissues. All the amplified DNA sequences were identical in each gene and to the Xam reference strains (accession numbers KP265376 and KP265378 for the rpoD gene, and KP265387 and KP265388 for the gyrB gene) from GenBank. The representative sequences of rpoD and gyrB genes were deposited in GenBank with accession numbers MF774491 and MF774490, respectively. DNA and phylogenetic analysis based on the sequences of rpoD and gyrB genes have confirmed that Xam is the causal agent of CBB in Dong Nai, Vietnam. This is the first confirmed identification of the causal pathogen of CBBdisease in Vietnam using molecular tools, and this method is a reliable tool for the detection and identification of other plant bacterial pathogens.
Access and demand for credit among small scale agro-based processors in Uyo Agricultural Zone, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria.

The study analysed the determinants of access and demand for credit among agro-based processors in UyoAgricultural Zone of Akwa Ibom State. A multi-stage sampling technique was employed to select 110 agro-basedprocessors (cassava graters and oil palm millers). A structured questionnaire was administered to the processorsto collect the required information. The descriptive statistics and Heckman two-step selection model were used toanalyze the information collected. Results show that majority of the processors were males, who had access tocredit information and ICT facility; were married and moderately educated. They were of average age (46.58years), processing experience (19.83 years), household size of about 6 persons, belonged to a social group (0.76years), and with an average annual income of about N305, 222.70. The empirical results revealed that theprocessors' age, education, social capital, access to ICT, experience, household size and credit information weresignificant determinants of access to credit. Also, education, experience, household size, machine capacity, socialgroup, labour cost, the amount of collateral, interest rate, distance to credit source and income from other sourcesinfluenced the level of credit demand among the processors. To promote credit access and demand among agrobasedprocessors, it is recommended that, social capital formation among the processors is the key. Also,intensifying adult education and family planning would enhance credit access and demand among the processors.In addition, the youths should be encouraged to engage in agro-based processing as a way to decrease the cost oflabour and ensure the sustainability of the business in the State. Furthermore, internet coverage should beexpanded in the rural areas while the amount of interest rate charged on loans from the informal credit sourcesshould be moderated.
Utility Analysis of Lip Features in Distinguishing Chinese Vowels and Lip Reading

The lip region provides the most direct visual information in the process of multi-sensory speech perception, which is applied to speech recognition and lip reading. In this paper, we extract eight lip features in articulating the basic vowels [a], [e], [i], [u], [ü] in standard Chinese, and analyze the efficiency in distinguishing the five vowels combined with articulatory phonetics. We use Dense Convolutional Network (DenseNet) to process two-dimensional lip images and fuse the lip features to identify the Chinese with consonants. The results show that the application of lip shape features in Chinese vowel recognition and Chinese consonant lip reading is consistent. Two-dimensional lip images can effectively improve the recognition rate by fusing lip features in lip reading.
A taxonomic revision of Henckelia (Gesneriaceae) in South India with a new species, one new combination and seven lectotypifications

The genus Henckelia Spreng. (Gesneriaceae) in South India is revisited based on field and herbarium data. Fifteen species are recognized. Henckelia wayanadensis is described new to science while Didymocarpus lyratus Wight var. protractus C.B. Clarke and Henckelia sivagiriensis (Rajakumar, Selvak., S.Murug. & Chellap.) E.S. S.Kumar are reduced to synonymy of Henckelia lyrata (Wight) A.Weber & B.L. Burtt and Henckelia wightii (C.B.Clarke) A.Weber & B.L. Burtt respectively. Lectotypification of seven names are carried out in this paper. Detailed descriptions, illustration/ photographic images and key for the identification of South Indian species are provided.
A Theoretical Investigation on Chemical Bonding of the Bridged Hydride Triruthenium Cluster: [Ru3 (μ-H)( μ3-κ2-Hamphox-N,N)(CO)9]

تمت دراسة تأثرات الروثينيوم - الروثينيوم والروثينيوم - ليكاند في المركب العنقودي ثلاثي الروثينيوم [Ru3(μ-H)(μ3-κ2-Hamphox-N,N)(CO)9] باستخدام نظرية دالة الكثافة. وتم تقييم المؤشرات التوبولوجية باستخدام QTAIM (نظرية الكم للذرات في الجزيء). المعلمات التوبولوجية المحسوبة تتفق مع معقدات المعادن الانتقالية ذات الصلة والموثقة في الأدبيات. دلت نتائج تحليلات QTAIM على غياب الروابط او النقاط الحرجة بينRu(2) و Ru(3) للمركز Ru3H. على الرغم من ذلك، تم حساب معامل عدم التمركز لهذا التأثر غير مرتبط. يمكن وصف التأثر الموجود في Ru3H الأساسي بكونه من نوع رباعي المركز رباعي الالكترون (4C-4e). وبالنسبة لتاصر Ru-N (حلقة الأوكسازولين)، تقترح البيانات التوبولوجية المحسوبة ان نوع الأصرة هو سكما. وتكشف المعلمات التوبولوجية المحسوبة في ليكاند الأوكسازولين عن وجود بعض الروابط المزدوجة داخل حلقة الليكاند(.
ELUCIDATING THE VIRAL AND CELLULAR COMPONENTS OF STRAIN-SPECIFIC ENTEROVIRUS D68 TEMPERATURE SENSITIVITY

ii PREFACE . v ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS . vi TABLE OF CONTENTS . xii LIST OF TABLES . xviii LIST OF FIGURES . xix LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS . xxi CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION . 1 ENTEROVIRUS D68 HISTORY, EMERGENCE, AND PUBLIC HEALTH IMPORTANCE . 2 ACUTE RESPIRATORY INFECTION CLUSTERS ASSOCIATED WITH ENTEROVIRUS D68 . 4 ACUTE FLACCID MYELITIS OUTBREAKS ASSOCIATED WITH ENTEROVIRUS D68 . 6 ENTEROVIRUS D68 PHYLOGENY . 7 PICORNAVIRUS LIFE CYCLE . 9 INTERNAL RIBOSOMAL ENTRY SITES . 13 FUNCTIONAL PROTEINS OF PICORNAVIRUSES . 16 TEMPERATURE SENSITIVITY OF ENTEROVIRUSES . 20 FIGURES AND TABLES . 23
Sero-Prevalence of Anti-Rubella IgG Antibody (Immunity) Among Pregnant Women in Rogo, a Semi-Urban Community of Kano State, North Western Nigeria

Rubella virus infection (RVI) is, in most cases, a mild disease, but can cause severe defects in developing fetus and new born known as congenital rubella syndrome (CRS) from maternal infection during pregnancy. Rubella remains poorly controlled in many poor-resourced areas (Nigeria inclusive) despite being a vaccine preventable disease. The study aimed to assess the sero-prevalence of anti-rubella IgG antibody (immunity) and level of susceptibility and associated risk factors to rubella virus infection (RVI) among unimmunized pregnant women in a sub-urban setting. It was a hospital-based, cross-sectional descriptive study, conducted in a public general hospital in Rogo, a sub-urban community located in Kano State, Northwest, Nigeria. A total of 174 consented pregnant women [age range, 13-39 years; mean age, 22.3 ± (SD 2.1) years] attending antenatal care (ANC) clinic of a secondary healthcare centre from July to December, 2017 were randomly selected for the study. Information on bio-data, socio-demographic/risk factors and medical history related to previous RVI were obtained via structured questionnaires and hospital records respectively. Blood sample was collected from each study participant and tested for anti-rubella IgG antibody (past exposure) using ELISA technique. Data were analyzed using SPSS statistical software package version 15.0 and Pearson’s Chi-square or Fisher exact test was used for statistical analysis where applicable. A P-value ≤ 0.05 was considered statistically significant. The sero-prevalence of anti-rubella IgG antibody was 93.6% (163 of 174); and rate of susceptibility to RVI among the study population was 6.4% (11 of 174) and were predominant among the study subjects between ages 16 and 25 years in their first trimester of pregnancy. A significant association exists (P<0.05) between parity (P=0.0021) and history of miscarriage or premature birth (P=0.003) and anti-rubella IgG antibody. Similarly, there is an association between sero-negative IgG antibody and parity (P=0.0021) including occupation (subjects in this category were mainly housewives) (P=0.00541) of the study participants. The high rate of rubella exposure by the study participants indicates the presence and high endemicity of rubella infection in the study area, coupled with significant level of susceptibility to RVI by the study subjects. Hence, there is need for adoption of potent rubella vaccine into the routine national immunization programme to limit the spread of RVI and associated complications and clinical sequelae among the populace.
Flavonoid-Rich Secondary Metabolites In Naturally Grown Green Tea Are Correlated With A Higher Shift Of The Consumers' Excise Level

Culture condition of crops affects the metabolites of products and consequently, consumers’ metabolism. We investigate the metabolic difference of conventional and naturally grown coarse green tea (Bancha) in correspondence to physical activity that was induced among consumers. As a result, only naturally grown Bancha tea was observed to significantly increase the consumers’ locomotive energy expenditure with a counter decrease in household activities, resulting in a higher shift of exercise level. The conventional product showed the opposite tendency but was not statistically significant. In terms of metabolite categories that distinguished between the culture conditions, conventional tea was observed to express higher primary metabolites such as amino acid, while naturally grown tea contained a superior dose of secondary metabolites, especially flavonoid. No significant correlation could be found on caffeine and catechin contents with respect to physical activity responses. The occurrence of intrinsic compounds in each culture condition was weaker than the quantitative features of common compounds in explaining the difference. Statistically significant invariant features of culture conditions were found both in 1. expression patterns and 2. intensity of distinctive common compounds considerably overlapping with drug categories. These effects on human physical activities could be interpreted as 1. combined and 2. dose effect of environmentally responsive phytochemicals, respectively, ranging widely over basic metabolic pathways and secondary metabolite biosynthesis.
Etnomatematika: Konsep Geometri pada Kerajinan Tradisional Sasak dalam Pembelajaran Matematika di Sekolah Dasar

Pembelajaran matematika dengan konsep budaya lokal atau yang disebut dengan etnomatematika merupakan suatu strategi untuk mengajarkan siswa sekolah dasar dalam belajar matematika yang selama ini dianggap menakutkan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mendeskripsikan konsep-konsep geometri yang terkandung dalam kerajinan tradisional masyarakat Sasak. Dalam penelitian ini, jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan etnografi. Metode yang digunakan untuk memperoleh data yaitu dengan metode studi lapangan yang diberbantukan oleh dua dosen PGSD, eksplorasi, observasi, dan dokumentasi. Instrumen penelitian ini adalah peneliti sendiri yang berperan sebagai instrumen utama. Hasil penelitian ini berupa konsep-konsep matematika khususnya konsep geometri yaitu pada motif kerajina tradisional tenun sesekan Sasak mengandung unsur bangun datar berupa persegi, persegi panjang, layang-layang, jajargenjang, segitiga, belah ketupat, konsep sudut, dan konsep kesebangunan. Kemudian pada kerajinan tradisional nyiru mengandung konsep bangun datar berupa lingkaran, dan elips. Selanjutnya pada kerajinan besek dan tembolaq mengandung konsep geometri berupa bangun ruang yaitu balok, kubus, dan setengah bola. Konsep-konsep geometri yang terdapat pada kerajinan tradisional masyarakat Sasak dapat dimanfaatkan oleh guru dalam pembelajaran matematika sekola dasar dan dapat memupuk rasa cinta siswa terhadap budaya mereka sendiri.
The L2 Motivational Self System: A Replication Study

This study replicates research by Taguchi, Magid, and Papi (2009) regarding the L2 motivational self system, a framework for understanding second language learning motivation in terms of how learners view themselves as users of the second language (Dörnyei, 2005). The study was of 922 students at a national university in Japan who completed a questionnaire measuring 10 different L2 motivational and attitudinal factors. Correlation analyses and structural equation modeling (SEM) of the data supported the validity of the L2 motivational self system as a culture-independent explanation of the factors comprising L2 motivation. The differences that emerged in the strengths of relationships between factors for our sample compared to the Japanese sample in Taguchi et al. are postulated to be mainly due to differences between the two samples in their socioeconomic background and educational context.
Review. Freeze Concentration in the Fruit Juices Industry

In conventional processes, such as evaporation, higher levels of concentration can be reached compared with freeze concentration or membrane techniques. However, the advantage of the freeze concentration technique is based on the quality of the product obtained due to the low temperatures used in the process, which makes it a very suitable technology for the processing of fruit juices. There are two basic methods for concentrating solutions by freezing: suspension and film freeze concentration. Suspension freeze concentration systems (FCS) already have operating equipment in the food industry, while film FCSs, also called layer crystallization, is still at an experimental stage. This review summarizes the most important studies relating to the suspension and film freeze concentration in fruit juices and sugar solutions, illustrating the different possibilities that freeze concentration has in the fruit juices industry; it also presents trends and suggests improvements for the future development of this technology. It is noted that most recent publications refer to the film FCS. The technology used to design, build and maintain layer crystallization equipment is simple and it can be available to any operator in the food industry, layer systems will be used in the future if their results can be improved in terms of ice purity and degree of fluid concentration.
INS/Odometer Land Navigation by Accurate Measurement Modeling and Multiple-Model Adaptive Estimation

Land vehicle navigation based on the inertial navigation system (INS) and odometers (ODs) is a classical autonomous navigation application and has been extensively studied over the past several decades. In this article, we seriously analyze the error characteristics of the OD pulses and investigate three types of OD measurement models in the INS/OD integrated system. Specifically, in the pulse velocity model, a preliminary Kalman filter is designed to obtain an accurate vehicle velocity from the accumulated pulses; the pulse increment model is accordingly obtained by integrating the pulse velocity; a new pulse accumulation model is proposed by augmenting the traveled distance into the system state. The three types of measurements, along with the nonholonomic constraint, are implemented in the standard extended Kalman filter. In view of the motion-related pulse error characteristics, the multiple model adaptive estimation (MMAE) approach is exploited to further enhance the performance. Simulations and long-distance experiments are conducted to verify the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed methods. It is shown that the standard pulse velocity measurement achieves superior performance, whereas the accumulated pulse measurement is most favorable with the MMAE enhancement.
Developmental progression in children's and adolescents' cognitive control

Background: Despite developmental progression in the ability to control behavior in service of goals during kindergarten period, little is known about cognitive control mechanisms in later childhood and adolescence. Method : The present study provides detailed insights into children’s and adolescents’ ability to flexibly and efficiently adapt their speed of responding in the context of a multiple-trial spatial conflict task. Based on the dual mechanisms of cognitive control, variability in response times, response consistency, trial-by trial adjustments surrounding errors, and developmental differences thereof were investigated. Results : Results showed that individuals become more reliable, more efficient, better adjusted, and thus of overall better in cognitive control with increasing age. Sequential adjustments of response times revealed that the participating 4 th graders responded too fast when the task was running smoothly and slowed down too strongly after committing an error in comparison to 6 th and 8 th graders. Conclusion : The results suggest that the fine-tuning of speeded responses are key mechanisms for developmental progression in cognitive control. Furthermore, the current study attempts to increase researcher’s and practitioners’ awareness that detailed analysis of cognitive control processes in typically developing children and adolescents is needed for a better understanding when evaluating these processes in individuals with deviant cognitive development. Keywords: Cognitive Control; Error-Monitoring; Typical Development
Development and Pilot of a Patient Reported Outcome Measure for Proximal Thoracic Aortic Aneurysms

Background: Disease specific questionnaires are increasingly being used to evaluate treatment outcomes from the perspective of patients. There are currently no validated questionnaires that measure patient reported outcomes after proximal thoracic aortic aneurysm surgery. Objectives: To develop and pilot a newly formulated patient focussed questionnaire that measures the patient’s health status and health related quality of life before and after proximal thoracic aortic aneurysm surgery. Methods: Based on a literature review, a thematic analysis of audio recorded patient interviews and expert clinical testimony, a pool of items was generated to form a new questionnaire instrument. Suitable patients who were scheduled for elective aortic surgery at Liverpool Heart and Chest Hospital were identified and invited to participate in the pilot study. Patients were asked to complete the questionnaire prior to surgery and then at 6 weeks and 3 months after their operation. The newly developed instrument underwent preliminary testing for its appropriateness, acceptability, feasibility, interpretability, precision, reliability and responsiveness. Results: Several items from the CROQ (Coronary Revascularisation Outcomes Questionnaire) formed the basis of the instrument, with the addition of 10 items derived from a newly formulated conceptual model of proximal thoracic aortic disease. The items were arranged into four domains (symptoms, physical, psychosocial and cognitive). Initial testing showed that the newly developed instrument performed to acceptable standards. It showed good internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha results for all domains >0.85), and test retest reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient for all domains >0.85). In paired sample tests, the values in each domain led to statistically significant differences from baseline at either 6 weeks or 3 months (p<0.05), supporting the construct validity and responsiveness of the instrument. Conclusions: The new instrument demonstrated satisfactory validity as well as good internal reliability and test retest reliability for each item across all four domains. The initial findings suggest that the measure is sensitive and responsive to the effects of surgical treatment for proximal thoracic aortic aneurysms.
The Anatomy of Sustainability

We present evidence that sustainability is inextricably linked with market-implied uncertainty and sentiment. We derive an econometric decomposition of sustainability ratings yielding three orthogonal components capturing uncertainty, investor sentiment, and an idiosyncratic sustainability factor. Examining the shock of the COVID-19 pandemic to the US stock market in light of these explanatory factors, we show that the perceived immunity of sustainable stocks during the crash is essentially driven through the uncertainty channel. Once controlling for uncertainty, sentiment and firm fundamentals, the positive relationship between idiosyncratic sustainability and resilience persists, albeit weakly.
Effect of Adding Fentanyl to Bupivacaine on Patients Undergoing Transurethral Resection of the Prostate with Spinal Anesthesia: A Clinical trial

Background and purpose: Spinal anesthesia is commonly used in transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP). To reduce the complications of spinal anesthesia, opioids could be helpful in decreasing the amount of anesthetic drug. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of low doses of bupivacaine and fentanyl on the levels of sensory block and motor block. Materials and methods: A clinical trial was conducted in 80 TURP candidates in Babol Rouhani Hospital, 2016-2017. They were randomly divided into two groups (n= 40 per group) to receive either 7.5 mg bupivacaine 0.5% and 25 mcg of fentanyl (BF group) or 10mg bupivacaine 0.5% (B group). Duration of anesthesia, motor block (using Bromage score), pain intensity during the operation, and mean arterial pressure were recorded. Data were analyzed in SPSS V20. Results: There were no significant differences between the two groups in duration of anesthesia and mean arterial pressure (P<0.05). The mean score for pain was significantly lower in BF group than the B group (P=0.007). The levels of sensory block in group B were significantly higher than the BF group (P<0.001). Also, motor block return time and recovery time were significantly shorter in BF group than those in B group (P<0.001). Conclusion: According to the current study, administration of bupivacaine and fentanyl can cause appropriate level of sensory block and could relief pain during TURP. Also, some complications such as long-term motor block and long-term staying in recovery would reduce. (Clinical Trials Registry Number: IRCT201702226148N4)
Human Resources (HR) In Education Management

Human resources (HR) has a significant role in every activity in an institution including educational institutions. Human resources (HR) must be able to be managed or managed properly in accordance with their functions so that these human resources (HR) can play a role in accordance with their duties and functions in the institution they are in. Human resource management is a very important aspect in the education process in general. Therefore functions in the management of human resources must be carried out optimally so that the needs relating to the goals of individuals, organizations / institutions, organizations or institutions can be achieved. Besides that, with good human resource management procedures, it is expected that the shortcomings and problems faced by the Indonesian nation, which are related to competitiveness, can be overcome.