Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Seasonal variations of leaf nitrogen and phosphorus stoichiometry of three herbaceous species in Hangzhou Bay coastal wetlands, China

Aims Homeostasis constrains the elemental composition of individual species within narrow bounds no matter the chemical composition of the environment or the resource base. Our objective was to determine the dynamics of leaf stoichiometry during the growth period of plants and the optimum time for stoichiometry study.Methods We monitored leaf N, P stoichiometry of Scirpus mariqueter, Carex scabrifolia and Phragmites australis, the dominant species in Hangzhou Bay coastal wetlands, at different growth stages from May to October 2007.Important findings Leaf N, P stoichiometry of the Scirpus, Carex and Phragmites species showed differences: 7.41–17.12, 7.47–13.15 and 6.03–18.09 mg·g–1 for N, 0.34–2.60, 0.41–1.10 and 0.35–2.04 mg·g–1 for P, and 7.19–30.63, 11.58–16.81 and 8.62–21.86 for N:P ratios, respectively. The arithmetic means for the three species were (11.69 ± 2.66), (10.17 ± 1.53) and (11.56 ± 3.19) mg·g–1 for N, (0.93 ± 0.62), (0.74 ± 0.23) and (0.82 ± 0.53) mg·g–1 for P, and 16.83 ± 8.31, 14.53 ± 3.91 and 16.49 ± 5.51 for N:P, respectively, but there was no significant difference of N, P stoichiometry (p 0.05). It showed high N, P concentrations at the early stage of growth because of small biomass and then decreased greatly with leaf expansion during the fast growth period, increased as leaf growth became stable and decreased again with leaf senescence. Leaf N:P was low at the early stage of growth and then increased, decreased strongly at the fast growth period, and became stable after leaf maturation.
Protein‐to‐energy ratio of 21.43 g MJ−1 improves growth performance of Nile tilapia at the final rearing stage under commercially intensive rearing conditions

This study evaluated the effect of ratio of dietary digestible protein (DP) to digestible energy (DE) on growth performance, fillet chemical composition and haematological profile of Nile tilapia subjected to transport-induced stress at the final rearing stage (450 to 800 g) under commercial conditions. The trial was conducted using a 5 × 2 factorial layout (DP: 200, 230, 260, 290 and 320 g kg−1) and (DE: 12.6 and 13.8 MJ kg−1). Energy levels did not influence any analysed parameters in this research. Final weight and biomass gain were increased up to the ratio of 269 and 270 g PD kg−1, respectively, and feed conversion ratio was reduced down to a 275 g DP kg−1. Protein efficiency ratio linearly decreased from 200 g DP kg−1 diet to 320 g DP kg−1. There was no statistical difference in fillet chemical composition. Red blood cell count (RBC), haemoglobin (Hb), mean corpuscular volume (MCV) and mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC) were different before and after transport-induced stress. Leucocyte differentiation after transport-induced stress revealed lymphocytopenia and neutrophilia. We conclude that for tilapia weighing 450–800 g reared under commercially intensive conditions, a diet with 270 g DP kg−1 and 12.6 MJ DE kg−1 (21.43 g DP MJ−1 DE) can improve the growth performance and ensure the fish health.
Actitudes hacia la atención a la diversidad en la formación inicial del profesorado

Este articulo plantea la necesidad de desarrollar actitudes positivas hacia la diversidad y la inclusion de alumnado con necesidades educativas especiales. Estas actitudes deben desarrollarse desde la formacion inicial del profesorado. Este es uno de nuestros objetivos fundamentales, desde la asignatura de Bases Pedagogicas de la Educacion Especial, que impartimos en la Universitat Jaume I. Para conocer las actitudes de los estudiantes de Magisterio, hemos elaborado un cuestionario y mostramos aqui los primeros resultados. Se confirman algunas actitudes negativas hacia la integracion, la inclusion y la diversidad, basadas en la teoria y el modelo del deficit. Finalmente, proponemos un enfoque metodologico desde el que abordar el cambio de actitudes y conseguir la formacion de maestros y maestras mas inclusivos.
Extending North Atlantic Oscillation reconstructions back to 1500

Abstract Monthly (1659–1995) and seasonal (1500–1658) North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) indices were estimated using instrumental and documentary proxy predictors from Eurasia. Uncertainty estimates were calculated for the reconstructions, and the variability of the 500-year winter NAO has been assessed. The late twentieth century NAO extremes are within the range of variability during earlier centuries.
Two leucine-rich receptor kinases mediate signaling linking cell wall biosynthesis and ACC synthase in Arabidopsis and possible downstream elements in the pathway

Shouling Xu: Two Leucine-rich receptor kinases mediate signaling linking cell wall biosynthesis and ACC synthase in Arabidopsis and possible downstream elements in the pathway (Under the direction Dr. Joseph J. Kieber) The cell wall is essential for plants. In an elongating cell, the cellulose microfibrils are wrapped transversely around the cell, thus allowing longitudinal expansion but restricting lateral expansion. The signaling pathways that regulate cell wall biosynthesis in response to developmental and environmental cues are still poorly understood. I describe the cloning and characterization of two Arabidopsis thaliana LRR receptor-like kinases, FEI1 and FEI2, that act as positive regulators of cell wall biosynthesis. Mutations in FEI1 and FEI2 disrupt anisotropic expansion and the synthesis of cell wall polymers, and act additively with inhibitors or mutations disrupting cellulose biosynthesis. In addition, I demonstrate that FEI1 is an active protein kinase; however, a kinase-inactive version of FEI1 was able to fully complement the fei1 fei2 mutant, suggesting intrinsic kinase activity is not required for FEI function in roots. The expansion defect in fei1 fei2 roots was suppressed by inhibition of ACC synthase, an enzyme that converts Ado-Met to ACC in ethylene biosynthesis, but not by disruption of the ethylene response pathway. Furthermore, the FEI proteins interact directly with ACC synthase. These results suggest that the FEI proteins define a novel signaling pathway that regulates cell wall function, likely via an ACC-mediated signal. To further our understanding of the FEI pathway in
A graph-based update language for object-oriented data models

• A submitted manuscript is the version of the article upon submission and before peer-review. There can be important differences between the submitted version and the official published version of record. People interested in the research are advised to contact the author for the final version of the publication, or visit the DOI to the publisher's website. • The final author version and the galley proof are versions of the publication after peer review. • The final published version features the final layout of the paper including the volume, issue and page numbers.
Extension of the Separation of Types Among the Pneumococci: Description of 17 Types in Addition to Types 1 to 32 (Cooper)

Seventeen new pneumococcus types are described. Nine types are distinct from types 1 to 32; eight show marked cross reactions with other types and are therefore termed subtypes. The incidence, virulence for mice, sources of culture and cross reactions of the new types and subtypes are described. Correlation with results obtained by other workers is given. Recommendations for terminology of 55 different pneumococcal types, including the types and subtypes described in this paper and those described by Kauffmann, Mørch and Schmith, are given.
Preliminary-click here for latest version

We use a randomized policy, novel belief data and a structural model to study how preferential college admissions shape upward mobility when students are not fully informed about admission chances. In treatment schools, students who graduated in the top 15 percent of their school were guaranteed college admission. Enrollment in the treatment group increased by 34 percent relative to the control group, but pre-college achievement and effort fell by 0.10 and 0.09 standard deviations, respectively. Survey data show that students hold optimistic beliefs about their school rank and their score in the college entrance exam. We estimate a structural dynamic model of student choices and find that subjective beliefs can rationalize the reduction in pre-college effort as expected-utility-maximizing. Counterfactual simulations show that the effort response compressed policy impacts on enrollment by 11 percent. When students are not fully informed, their response to perceived incentives can undercut the efficacy of preferential admissions as a tool for fostering upward mobility.
Effective Identiﬁcation of Vulnerabilities using Machine Learning

—In this article we consider the problem of exposing unidentiﬁed software vulnerabilities of open-source software. An unidentiﬁed vulnerability is a vulnerability that is known, as they have been reported or silently ﬁxed, but is not publicly identiﬁed as a vulnerability, such as by being assigned a Common Vulnerabilities and Exposure ( CVE ) id. We use publicly-available open-source issue reports and pull requests as well as commit data to identify if a particular version of open-source software contains an unidentiﬁed vulnerability using machine learning. Similar approach has been considered before, however, we explore the utilization of these data sources further in the following directions:
Ping-pong ball avalanche experiments

Abstract Ping-pong ball avalanche experiments have been carried out for the last 3 years at the Miyanomori ski jump in Sapporo, Japan, to study three-dimensional granular flows. Up to 550 000 balls were released near the top of the landing slope. The balls then flowed past video cameras positioned close to the flow, which measured individual ball velocities in three dimensions, and air-pressure tubes at different heights. The flows developed a complicated three-dimensional structure with a distinct head and tail, lobes and “eyes”. “Eyes” have been observed in laboratory granular flow experiments, and the other features are similar not only to snow avalanches” but also to other large-scale geophysical flows. The velocities attained showed a remarkable increase with the number of released balls. A power law for this relation is derived by similarity arguments. The air-pressure data are used to deduce the structure of the airflow around the avalanche and, in conjunction with the kinetic theory of granular matter, to estimate the balance of forces in the avalanche head.
BURIED LANDFILL DELINEATION WITH INDUCED POLARIZATION: PROGRESS AND PROBLEMS*

In recent years, the use of induced polarization (IP) data for delineating buried landfills has increased significantly, due to technological advances that have made this method faster and less expensive, and therefore more applicable to the environmental industry. As the database of IP information grows to include information over waste of differing composition and in differing environments, interpretation has improved significantly. Problems and limitations still exist, of course, but the IP method has become an efficient and economic tool in evaluating waste sites. We discuss here progress in interpretation, including methods to process large amounts of data rapidly in order to decrease costs, and we discuss problems that still exist, such as electrode stability, which still limit the field survey speed.
VIVID REPORTER ACTIVITY IN DENTATE GYRUS OF GENE-TARGETED MICE AND ABOLITION OF A WIDESPREAD PATHWAY OF STEROID AND OXYSTEROL HYDROXYLATION*

The major adrenal steroid dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) enhances memory and immune function but has no known dedicated receptor; local metabolism may govern its activity. We described a cytochrome P450 expressed in brain and other tissues, CYP7B, that catalyzes the 7a-hydroxylation of oxysterols and 3b-hydroxysteroids including DHEA. We report here that CYP7B mRNA and 7a-hydroxylation activity are widespread in rat tissues. However, steroids related to DHEA are reported to be modified at positions other than 7a, exemplified by prominent 6a-hydroxylation of 5a-androstane-3b,17b-diol (A/anediol) in some rodent tissues including brain. To determine whether CYP7B is responsible for these and other activities we disrupted the mouse Cyp7b gene by targeted insertion of an IRES-lacZ reporter cassette, placing reporter enzyme activity (bgalactosidase) under Cyp7b promoter control. In heterozygous mouse brain, chromogenic detection of reporter activity was strikingly restricted to the dentate gyrus. Staining did not exactly reproduce the in situ hybridization expression pattern; post-transcriptional control is inferred. Lower level staining was detected in cerebellum, liver, and kidney, and which largely paralleled mRNA distribution. Liver and kidney expression was sexually dimorphic. Mice homozygous for the insertion are viable and superficially normal, but ex vivo metabolism of DHEA to 7a-hydroxy-DHEA was abolished in brain, spleen, thymus, heart, lung, prostate, uterus, and mammary gland; lower abundance metabolites were also eliminated. 7a-Hydroxylation of 25-hydroxycholesterol and related substrates was also abolished, as was presumed 6a-hydroxylation of A/anediol. These different enzyme activities therefore derive from the Cyp7b gene. CYP7B is thus a major extrahepatic steroid and oxysterol hydroxylase and provides the predominant route for local metabolism of DHEA and related molecules in brain and other tissues. Brain function is subject to hormonal control, notably by steroids synthesized from the adrenal glands and gonads. Accumulating evidence also points to local steroid synthesis and metabolism in brain; a growing field of investigation focuses on
The complex quality world : developing quality management systems for software companies

• A submitted manuscript is the author's version of the article upon submission and before peer-review. There can be important differences between the submitted version and the official published version of record. People interested in the research are advised to contact the author for the final version of the publication, or visit the DOI to the publisher's website. • The final author version and the galley proof are versions of the publication after peer review. • The final published version features the final layout of the paper including the volume, issue and page numbers.
Phenol Red Adsorption from Aqueous Solution on the Modified Bentonite

In the present work, the modified bentonites were prepared by the modiﬁcation of bentonite with cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), both cetyltrimethylammonium bromide and hydroxy-Fe cations and both cetyltrimethylammonium bromide and hydroxy-Al cations. X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermal analysis (TG-DTA), infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and nitrogen adsorption/desorption isotherms were utilized to characterize the resultant modified bentonites. The modified bentonites were employed for the removal of phenol red dye from aqueous solution. Phenol red adsorption agreed well with the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. The equilibrium data were analyzed on the basis of various adsorption isotherm models, namely, Langmuir, Freundlich, and Dubinin‒Radushkevich models. The highest monolayer adsorption capacity of phenol red at 30°C derived from the Langmuir equation was 166.7 mg·g−1, 125.0 mg·g−1, and 100.0 mg·g−1 for CTAB‒bentonite, Al‒CTAB‒bentonite, and Fe‒CTAB‒bentonite, respectively. Different thermodynamic parameters were calculated, and it was concluded that the adsorption was spontaneous (∆G° 0), with increased entropy (∆S° > 0) in all the investigated temperature ranges.
From Conditioning to Conscious Recollection

This monograph will offer a theoretical account of the evolution of multiple memory systems of the brain. The authors conceptualises these memory sytems from both behavioural and neurobiological perspectives, guided by three related principles. First, that our understanding of a wide range of memory phenomena can be advanced by breaking down memory into multiple forms with different operating characteristics. Second, that different forms of memory representation are supported by distinct brain pathways with different circuitry and neural coding properties. Third, that the contributions of different brain systems can be compared and contrasted by distinguishing between dedicated (or specific) and elaborate (or general) memory systems. A primary goal of this work is to relate the nuerobiological properties of dedicated and elaborate systems to their neuropsychological counterparts and, in do doing, account for the phenomenology of memory, from conditioning to conscious recollection.
PHOTOELECTRON ANGULAR DISTRIBUTION PARAMETERS FOR ELEMENTS Z=55 to Z=100 IN THE PHOTOELECTRON ENERGY RANGE 100–5000 eV

Parameters of the angular distribution of photoelectrons along with the subshell photoionization cross sections calculated for all subshells of atoms with 1 ≤ Z ≤ 54 are presented in the Table for nine photoelectron energies in the range 100–5000 eV. Relativistic treatment of the photoeffect is used. The calculations have been performed within the quadrupole approximation with the central Dirac–Fock–Slater potential. The hole left by the emitted electron has been taken into account in the framework of the frozen orbital approximation. Applications of nondipolar parameters to photoelectron angular distribution in solids, to quantitative x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis, and to the x-ray standing wave method are discussed.
Conservative management of low‐risk prostate cancer among young versus older men in the United States: Trends and outcomes from a novel national database

Management for men aged ≤55 years with low‐risk prostate cancer (LRPC) is debated given quality‐of‐life implications with definitive treatment versus the potential missed opportunity for cure with conservative management. The objective of this study was to define rates of conservative management for LRPC and associated short‐term outcomes in young versus older men in the United States.
A Narrative Review and Conceptual Analysis of OER Perception Studies: Implications for Developing a Situational Scale for Faculty Self-Efficacy

A narrative literature review of faculty perceptions of open educational resources (OER) led to the development of an instrument to measure faculty OER self-efficacy. Through the evaluation of extant literature, three central faculty considerations related to ideological, material, and support barriers and motivators were identified. The research examined the empirical literature on faculty perceptions of OER, including the barriers and motivators that are considered. The self-efficacy research of Bandura (Bandura 1977, 2006; Bandura, Adams, and Beyer 1977) was considered as a lens to examine issues that may prevent faculty from attempting to use OER or cause project abandonment when coping skills to address known challenges are lacking. The literature coalesced around three central considerations related to ideological, material, and support barriers and motivators. Ideological barriers and motivators for faculty movement to OER included ideas fundamental to faculty identities, that they are part of an institution, and that they have professional commitments related to their teaching, research, and service roles. The desire to select high quality, peer-vetted resources figured prominently in the decision to use or not use OER, as did considerations of how cost would impact students. Material barriers and motivators identified were characterized by the inherent qualities of the materials themselves that may influence a desire to use them. The most-often researched material consideration was the usability of and access to OER, which were widely perceived as being in online formats. Finally, support considerations, primarily institutional support and general knowledge of how to find and OER, were widely reported in the literature. Faculty expressed concerns over a lack of release time or professional acknowledgement as barriers to considering course redesigns. Using these barriers identified in the narrative literature review, a self-efficacy scale is presented to support the further development and assessment of OER professional development programs.
It’s in Your Control: Free Will Beliefs and Attribution of Blame to Obese People and People with Mental Illness

People’s belief in free will is shown to influence the perception of personal control in self and others. The current study tested the hypothesis that individuals who believe in free will attribute stronger personal blame to obese people and to people with mental illness (schizophrenia) for their adverse health outcomes. Results from a sample of 1110 participants showed that the belief in free will subscale is positively correlated with perceptions of the controllability of these adverse health conditions. The findings suggest that free will beliefs are correlated with attribution of blame to people with obesity and mental health issues. The study contributes to the understanding of the possible negative implications of people’s free will beliefs.
An evidence accumulation model of motivational and developmental influences over sustained attention

Sustaining focus is difﬁcult, but it is under our control. Previous research has found that people’s ability to sustain attention depends on external incentives and changes over the lifespan. However, previous research has made limited progress in characterizing the speciﬁc cognitive mechanisms involved in sustained attention. These mechanisms are investigated in the current experiment, which uses drift diffusion modeling to re-analyze a series experiments on sustained attention. In Experiment 1, we found that incentives inﬂuence information processing (noise) but not decision strategy (threshold). In Experiment 2, we found that noise and threshold have distinct development trajectories, and that while older adults have noisier accumulation, they are better at sustaining attention. These results help provide mechanistic insight into recent ﬁndings in sustained attention.
Risk of Cardiovascular Disease among Saudi Diabetic Patients

DOI: 10.21276/sjm.2018. 3.1.5 Abstract: One of the most serious complications of DM is cardiovascular disease, particularly among asymptomatic patients or those without glycemic control. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to assess the risk of cardiovascular disease (Heart attack, congestive heart failure, stroke and deep vein thrombosis) among Saudi Diabetic patients. In this study, bout 1406 diabetic patients’ records were retrieved from different hospitals and primary health centers in Hail region, Northern Saudi Arabia. The overall prevalence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) among Saudi diabetic patients was 10.2%. The highest prevalence rate of cardiovascular conditions was pointed out to heart attack followed by stroke, CHF and DVT representing 4%, 3%, 1.6%, and 1.5%, respectively. The prevalence rates of CVD are relatively higher among Saudi diabetic population. There is urgent need for implementing specific strategies to decrease the prevalence of CVD among Saudi diabetic patients.