Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
BREMSSTRAHLUNG SPECTRA FROM ATOMS AND IONS AT LOW RELATIVISTIC ENERGIES

Analytic expressions for bremsstrahlung spectra from neutral atoms and ions, including the polarizational bremsstrahlung contribution in a stripped atom approximation, are developed for electron scattering at energies of 10-2000 keV. A modified Elwert factor and a simple higher Born correction are used for the Coulomb spectrum, with ordinary bremsstrahlung screening effects in ions and atoms adequately characterized in the non-relativistic Born approximation. In parallel with the development of this analytic description, new numerical results are obtained for ordinary bremsstrahlung from ions and from bare nuclei, appreciably extending the available data set which can be used to study dependences on element, ionicity, energy and the fraction of incident energy radiated. The accuracy of predictions with the analytic expressions is then determined by comparison with the full numerical relativistic partial-wave results for ordinary bremsstrahlung and with non-relativistic numerical results in the Born approximation or in partial waves for the polarizational amplitude.
Localization transition of random copolymers at interfaces

The presence of copolymers at interfaces between two immiscible fluids is crucial to such processes as emulsion stabilization, wetting, microemulsion formation and reinforcement of polymer-polymer interfaces [1]- [10]. For oilwater interfaces, the polymers that are used in these applications are amphiphilic in nature. While one component is soluble in the oil phase, the other component is soluble in water. The difference in solubilities drives the copolymers to adsorb at the interface between the two phases. The localized copolymers can stabilize the interface in the sense that they significantly reduce the surface tension. The study of random copolymers has been motivated in recent years by relevance of these materials for both biological and technological applications. Moreover, the properties of these simple random systems may be important in understanding of much more complex systems such as proteins [11]- [13]. It is well-known that adsorption of long polymer chains on surfaces or interfaces is related to the bound state problem of a Quantum Mechanical (QM) particle in a potential well [14]. The Green’s function G(r, r ′ ;s,s ′ ) of a @
Efficacy of citalopram or amitriptyline versus no treatment in patients with functional chest pain

Background Functional chest pain (FCP) is characterized by the presence of chest pain of presumed esophageal origin, but with a negative workup on routine investigations, including ruling out gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). Antidepressants are frequently prescribed to treat FCP and are presumed to act as neuromodulators of visceral hypersensitivity. However, there is little evidence of their efficacy in patients with FCP. We retrospectively assessed the efficacy of citalopram or amitriptyline vs. no treatment in patients with FCP. Methods Esophageal diseases, including GERD, eosinophilic esophagitis and major esophageal motility disorders, were excluded. Thus, patients with established FCP according to Rome IV criteria were included in the study. Then, patients treated for at least 3 months with citalopram 20 mg, amitriptyline 50 mg, or observation were selected. The primary endpoint was complete disappearance or significant amelioration of symptoms at the end of treatment. Results Over a 5-year period, 102 patients (74 female; mean age 49±10 years) were diagnosed with FCP and were recognized to have received once daily citalopram (n=32), amitriptyline (n=34), or no treatment (n=36). After a 3-month follow up, improvement in chest pain was reported by 16 (47.1%) patients treated with citalopram, 18 (56.3%) patients treated with amitriptyline, and 4 (11.1%) patients without treatment (P=0.02 and 0.01 for no treatment vs. citalopram and amitriptyline therapy, respectively). Conclusion Both citalopram and amitriptyline are effective pharmacological options in the symptomatic relief of almost 50% patients with well characterized FCP.
Rotation of Young Low-Mass Stars in the Orion Nebula Cluster Flanking Fields

We have photometrically monitored ∼3600 young, low-mass stars in four 45′ × 45′ fields in the outer Orion Nebula cluster, surrounding but not including the Trapezium region. The 281 periodic variables we find do not produce the expected bimodal distribution of rotation periods. There is no unambiguous correlation of period with IC-Ks, H-Ks, and U-V color excesses or more indirect disk indicators; the slowest rotators are not necessarily the disk candidates, and the disk candidates are not necessarily the slow rotators, regardless of how one defines a disk candidate. To the extent that the small numbers allow, the disk candidates represent a constant fraction of the total sample to P = 15 days, beyond which there are no disk candidates, inconsistent with the hypothesis that the more slowly rotating stars are more likely to have disks. We find an intriguing relationship between specific angular momentum (j) and some excesses, namely, H-Ks excesses and the strongest U-V excesses; whereas stars are found with j values ranging over ∼106–108 km2 s-1, disk candidates with these excesses are restricted to 106.5 km2 s-1 < j < 107.5 km2 s-1. A similar relationship is not found for the IC-Ks disk candidates, or in the less excessive U-V candidates. There is no clear correlation between signal amplitude and period or log j. Other investigators have found differences in period distributions for stars more and less massive than 0.25 M⊙; we find ambiguous evidence for differences in distributions of P and no difference in those of log j on either side of this boundary, although for stars more massive than ∼0.6 M⊙, values appear to cluster around j = 107 km2 s-1. When comparing the log j distribution derived here with those for other clusters, we find that it is consistent with a population of stars draining angular momentum into disks. We conclude that disk locking may be operating, but it is not the complete solution to the problem of angular momentum distributions in young stars. We find weak (1.5–2 σ) evidence for a change in stellar structure, spot coverage, and/or disk characteristics for stars redder than V-IC ∼ 2.5 (type ∼M3, ∼0.25 M⊙). We find that at least ∼10% of the stars have identical light curves (shape and phase) between the two seasons of our observations, suggesting that the lifetime of the photospheric disturbance causing periodic modulations in these stars is at least a year.
New series of fluorinated hydrogen-bonded liquid crystals with SmB and nematic phases

ABSTRACT A new series of hydrogen-bonded liquid crystals was prepared by mixing 4-n-alkoxy-2.3-difluorobenzoic acid and 4-pentyl-4-biphenylcarbonitrile (5CB). Thermal and liquid crystal behaviour was established using differential scanning calorimetry and polarizing optical microscopy. The influence of terminal acid donors on mesogenic behaviour was discussed in detail. It was found that all complexes with a (1:1) molar ratio exhibit the smectic B phase. In addition, the binary phase diagram that has been established revealed that the mixtures with lower concentration exhibit a nematic phase at room temperature with large stability. Dielectric, electro-optic and viscoelastic properties of 5CB/9OBAFF with molar fraction x = 0.1 were discussed.
Non-linear Control for Underactuated Mechanical Systems

From the Publisher: This book deals with the application of modern control theory to some important underactuated mechanical systems. It presents modelling and control of the following systems:||- the inverted pendulum||- a convey-crane system||- the pendubot system||- the Furuta pendulum||- the inertia wheel pendulum||- the planar flexible-joint robot||- the planar manipulator with two prismatic and one revolute joints||- the ball & beam system||- the hovercraft model||- the planar vertical and take-off landing (PVTOL) aircraft||- the helicopter model on a platform||- the helicopter model||In every case the model is obtained in detail using either the Euler-Lagrange formulation or the Newton's second law. We develop control algorithms for every particular system using techniques such as passivity, energy-based Lyapunov functions, forwarding, backstepping or feedback linearization techniques. ||This book will be of great value for PhD students and researchers in the areas of non-linear control systems.
Mathematical model of variable volume diafiltration with time dependent water adding

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to introduce a mathematical model, an algorithm and numerical procedure for determining the duration of a diafiltration process with variable volume. This model should decrease diafiltration time and water usage.Design/methodology/approach – A mathematical model of a diafiltration process, with constant water adding is considered, as well as the relationships between macro‐ and micro‐solute and the equation for process duration. By introducing α (t)=QD/QF, i.e. time dependent ratio of diafiltration water flow and filtrate flow rate, a mathematical model of diafiltration process with time dependent water adding is proposed. In order to solve this model, an algorithm is suggested, based on the simulation of single time dependent water adding process with a sequence of constant water adding processes. The algorithm is applied for developing both a numerical procedure and simple QBASIC‐program that are tested on one illustrative example.Findings – The results obtained by.
A morphological and microstructural study of flame‐sprayed zinc coatings on low‐alloyed steels as a contribution to explaining their corrosion resistance

Zinc is an ideal coating material for steels because it offers simultaneously cathodic and barrier protection. Several processes have been developed to provide zinc coatings. Thermal spraying is widely used due to the fact that it is simple, quick and effective. The present work deals with the morphology, the structure and the corrosion performance of zinc coatings deposited with thermal spraying. The study was performed with scanning electron microscopy and X‐ray diffraction, while microstructural characterization was accomplished with transmission electron microscopy. Finally, corrosion tests were performed with exposure of the coated samples in a salt‐spray chamber. From the microstructural investigation it was deduced that before corrosion the as‐produced coatings are mainly composed of zinc, while zinc oxide nanoparticles are dispersed in their mass. After corrosion tests it was found that zinc flame‐sprayed coatings provide adequate corrosion protection because the corrosive elements did not penetrate the coating or reach the substrate. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
ON THE BIRTHPLACES OF STARS.

The numbers, ages, and stellar content of open clusters, OB, T, and R associations have been surveyed in order to estimate the amount of mass presently being processed into stars by these groups and to determine the fraction of field stars which were born in each type of group. Clusters can account for about 10% of all stars presently being formed, in agreement with previous estimates. Associations can reasonably account for all stars more massive than 2 to 5 solar masses which are not formed in clusters, and can account for stars of all masses if the association and field-star luminosity functions are similar. If associations are deficient in low-mass stars relative to the field, then an additional birthplace is required.
The Optical Gravitational Lensing Experiment: Deep Photometry of the Sagittarius Dwarf Spheroidal Galaxy

We present deep CCD photometry of a field in the newly discovered dwarf spheroidal galaxy in Sagittarius (hereafter Sgr), and of a nearby control field. These data (totaling ~3.5 hrs exposure time in V and I) were used to produce color-magnitude (CM) diagrams reaching I ~ 22.3 in both fields. After statistically removing the field-stars from the CM diagram we find that Sgr is dominated by a moderately old (age ~ 10 Gyr) population, significantly younger than a typical globular-cluster population. There is some evidence for a weak intermediate-age component or alternatively a population of blue stragglers. These results confirm that Sgr is a bona fide dwarf spheroidal (dSph) galaxy, the ninth found orbiting the Milky Way. We have discovered nine short-period variables in the Sgr field, well in excess of the number found in the control field. Seven of these stars have similar apparent magnitudes and are almost certainly RR~Lyr stars in Sgr. We have used the minimum-light colors of the RRab variables to determine the reddening of the Sgr field to be E\vi\ = 0.22. For an assumed RR~Lyr luminosity of M_V = +0.6 we conclude that the distance of Sgr is 25.2 +/- 2.8 kpc. The properties of the Sgr giant branch and upper main sequence are consistent with a mean metallicity of [Fe/H] ~ -1.1 +/- 0.3.
Anti-N-methyl D-aspartate Receptor Encephalitis in India: A Literature Review

Anti N-methyl D-aspartate receptor encephalitis (NMDAR-E) though rare, is currently considered as the commonest antibody mediated encephalitis in the world. No review on perspectives of NMDAR-E from India is available. The aim of the study was to review all the cases of NMDAR-E reported from India until June 2021 in terms of clinical features, diagnosis, and treatment, and perform a comparison of adult and paediatric cases. A literature review of NMDAR-E case reports/case series published from India till June 2021 was done. Demography, clinical profile, triggers, electroencephalography (EEG), neuroimaging, treatment details and outcomes were analysed. Sixteen case series and 35 case reports with a total of 249 cases were analysed. 82% of cases were from paediatric age group. The female to male ratio was 3:1. Psychiatric deficits, movement disorders, seizures, and language abnormalities were the most common clinical features. MRI brain abnormalities were seen in 45% patients. Electroencephalographic abnormalities were seen in 85% of patients. Infective triggers (herpes simplex virus and various other agents) were reported in 11% of the cases. Pediatric patients as compared with adults had more encephalopathy, autonomic dysfunctions, and normal imaging whereas the latter had more cognitive dysfunctions and delta brush pattern in electroencephalography (p<0.005). Therefore, to conclude, this literature review suggests that overall, the clinical spectrum of Indian cases is like cases described from other parts of the world. However, most reported cases from India belonged to paediatric age group who had more encephalopathy, autonomic dysfunctions, and normal brain imaging compared to adults. A few novel infectious agents as triggers were described from India.
A Modified Low-Reynolds-Number Turbulence Model Applicable to Recirculating Flow in Pipe Expansion

A modified low-Reynolds-number k-e turbulence model is developed in this work. The performance of the proposed model is assessed through testing with fully developed pipe flows and recirculating flow in pipe expansion. Attention is specifically focused on the flow region around the reattachment point. It is shown that the proposed model is capable of correctly predicting the near-wall limiting flow behavior while avoiding occurrence of the singular difficulty near the reattachment point as applying to the recirculating flow in sudden-expansion pipe.
Influence of sales force automation on salesperson performance: A study of interpersonal and intrapersonal mediators

This article investigates the influence of the use of sales force automation (SFA) on the performance of business-to-business (B2B) salespersons, given its growing importance and much discussed effects. We examine the underlying mediating mechanisms between the use of SFA and salesperson outcomes (i.e. job satisfaction and salesperson performance). Based on a sample of 196 B2B salespeople, our results confirm the existence of a direct effect between the use of SFA and salespeople’s performance, as well as the existence of indirect effects via (1) interpersonal mediators, that is, successively adaptive selling behavior and relationship quality and (2) intrapersonal mediators, that is, successively role overload and the risk of salesperson burnout. The results also show the positive influence of job satisfaction on salespeople’s performance, and vice versa.
High-resolution Observations of Downflows at One End of a Pre-eruption Filament

Studying the dynamics of filaments at the pre-eruption phase can shed light on the precursor of eruptive events. Such high-resolution studies (of the order of 0.″1) are highly desirable yet very rare. In this work, we present a detailed observation of a pre-eruption evolution of a filament obtained by the 1.6 m New Solar Telescope (NST) at the Big Bear Solar Observatory (BBSO). One end of the filament is anchored at the sunspot in the NOAA active region (AR) 11515, which is well observed by NST Hα off-bands from four hours before to one hour after the filament eruption. A M1.6 flare is associated with the eruption. We observed persistent downflowing materials along the Hα multi-threaded component of the loop toward the AR end during the pre-eruption phase. We traced the trajectories of plasma blobs along the Hα threads and obtained a plane-of-sky velocity of 45 km s−1 on average. Furthermore, we estimated the real velocities of the downflows and the altitude of the filament by matching the observed Hα threads with magnetic field lines extrapolated from a nonlinear force-free field model. Observations of chromospheric brightenings at the footpoints of the falling plasma blobs are also presented. The lower limit of the kinetic energy per second of the downflows through the brightenings is found to be ∼1021 erg. Larger FOV observations from BBSO full-disk Hα images show that the AR end of the filament started ascending four hours before the flare. We attribute the observed downflows at the AR end of the filament to the draining effect of the filament rising prior to its eruption. During the slow-rise phase, the downflows continuously drained away ∼1015g mass from the filament over a few hours, which is believed to be essential for the instability, and could be an important precursor of eruptive events.
The Mastcam‐Z Radiometric Calibration Targets on NASA's Perseverance Rover: Derived Irradiance Time‐Series, Dust Deposition, and Performance Over the First 350 Sols on Mars

The Mastcam‐Z radiometric calibration targets mounted on the NASA's Perseverance rover proved to be effective in the calibration of Mastcam‐Z images to reflectance (I/F) over the first 350 sols on Mars. Mastcam‐Z imaged the calibration targets regularly to perform reflectance calibration on multispectral image sets of targets on the Martian surface. For each calibration target image, mean radiance values were extracted for 41 distinct regions of the targets, including patches of color and grayscale materials. Eight strong permanent magnets, placed under the primary target, attracted magnetic dust and repelled it from central surfaces, allowing the extraction of radiance values from eight regions relatively clean from dust. These radiances were combined with reflectances obtained from laboratory measurements, a one‐term linear fit model was applied, and the slopes of the fits were retrieved as estimates of the solar irradiance and used to convert Mastcam‐Z images from radiance to reflectance. Derived irradiance time series are smoothly varying in line with expectations based on the changing Mars‐Sun distance, being only perturbed by a few significant dust events. The deposition of dust on the calibration targets was largely concentrated on the magnets, ensuring a minimal influence of dust on the calibration process. The fraction of sunlight directly hitting the calibration targets was negatively correlated with the atmospheric optical depth, as expected. Further investigation will aim at explaining the origin of a small offset observed in the fit model employed for calibration, and the causes of a yellowing effect affecting one of the calibration targets materials.
Effect of Conventional Speech Therapy Combined With Music Therapy on Swallowing in Patients with Parkinson's Disease (Telerehabilitation): A Randomized-Controlled Trial

Background: Swallowing difficulties or dysphagia is the main cause of aspiration pneumonia and death in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). Although dysphasia occurs in 90% of patients with PD, there is insufficient evidence to support the effectiveness of behavioral speech therapy in this disease. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the effect of a new telerehabilitation program that was a combination of speech and music therapy on dysphagia in patients with PD. Methods: This study was a 3-arm randomized controlled trial (RCT). Thirty-three subjects with PD (mean age, 58.88 years; 25 men and 8 women with complaints of swallowing problems) were randomly assigned to the combination therapy (including breathing, speech, voice, and singing exercises), conventional speech therapy, and music therapy groups. Each patient participated in 12 telerehabilitation sessions over 4 weeks. Swallowing Disturbance Questionnaire (SDQ) and Dysphagia Handicap Index (DHI), as the outcomes of this study, were evaluated 1 week before the first intervention session, 1 week after the last intervention session, and 3 months after the last evaluation. Results: The results showed a significant improvement in SDQ and all sub-tests (functional, physical, and emotional), as well as the total score of DHI in the combination therapy and conventional speech therapy groups after treatment (P < 0.05). Also, the music therapy group had a significant improvement in the SDQ score, emotional sub-test, and the total score of DHI (P < 0.05). The combination therapy group demonstrated a significant outperform in the SDQ score compared to the other 2 groups, as well as in all sub-tests and the total score of DHI compared to the music therapy group (P < 0.05). The combination therapy group also showed more improvement in all sub-tests, as well as the total score of DHI, compared to the music therapy group (P < 0.05). The results also indicated that the speech therapy group had a more significant effect on the physical sub-test of DHI compared to the music therapy group (P < 0.05). Conclusions: Although swallowing function improved in all 3 groups, this improvement was more in the combination therapy group than in the other groups. Therefore, it can be concluded that combination therapy has the potential to provide additional benefits for swallowing efficiency in this patient group. The results also suggest that the telerehabilitation method is feasible to deliver intensive therapy to individuals with PD to improve swallowing functions.
Multiorgan Dysfunction With Severe Cardiac Injury Secondary to Septic Cellulitis Due to Vibrio parahaemolyticus

Vibrio parahaemolyticus infection commonly manifests as gastroenteritis, including diarrhea, abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, and fever. Although uncommon, V. parahaemolyticus has also been associated with wound infection and septic shock. These two manifestations have not been well-reported in medical literature, yet may yield a high risk of death, thus requiring emergent interventions. We present a case of a 42-year-old patient who developed septic shock secondary to a bullous necrotic wound and diarrhea due to V. parahaemolyticus. Multi-organ dysfunction syndrome with extreme cardiac injury developed very early in the course of the disease, prompting ICU admission and management with antibiotics, fluid resuscitation, vasopressors, blood purification, and surgical debridement. The treatment achieved a good clinical outcome. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case report of V. parahaemolyticus-induced cardiomyopathy. V. parahaemolyticus should be considered as one of the causative agents in patients with sepsis due to cellulitis, particularly in patients with a suggestive history, such as exposure to seawater or eating seafood.