Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Short-legged daddy-long-leg spiders in North America: the genera Pholcophora and Tolteca (Araneae, Pholcidae)

The North American-Caribbean genera Pholcophora Banks, 1896 and Tolteca Huber, 2000 are representatives of Ninetinae, a group of small, cryptic, and thus poorly known pholcid spiders. We present the first comprehensive revisions of the two genera, including extensive SEM data and descriptions of seven new species from Mexico (Pholcophora mazatlan Huber sp. nov., P. papanoa Huber sp. nov., P. tehuacan Huber sp. nov., Tolteca huahua Huber sp. nov., T. manzanillo Huber sp. nov., T. oaxaca Huber sp. nov., and T. sinnombre Huber sp. nov.). We add new CO1 sequences of nine species to previously published molecular data and use these for a preliminary analysis of relationships. We recover a North American-Caribbean clade including ‘true’ (mainland) Pholcophora, Tolteca (Mexico), and a Caribbean clade consisting of the genus Papiamenta Huber, 2000 (Curaçao) and Caribbean ‘Pholcophora’. First karyotype data for Tolteca (2n♂ = 13, X1X2Y and 15, X1X2Y, respectively) reveal a strong reduction of the number of chromosome pairs within the North American-Caribbean clade, and considerable karyotype differentiation among congeners. This agrees with considerable CO1 divergence among species of Tolteca but contrasts with very inconspicuous morphological divergence. Environmental niche analyses show that the widespread P. americana Banks, 1896 (western USA, SW Canada) occupies a very different niche than its Mexican congeners and other close relatives. Caribbean taxa also have a low niche overlap with ‘true’ Pholcophora and Tolteca, supporting the idea that Caribbean ‘Pholcophora’ are taxonomically misplaced.
Global well-posedness for the derivative non-linear Schrödinger equation

Abstract We study the derivative nonlinear Schrödinger (DNLS) equation for general initial conditions in weighted Sobolev spaces that can support bright solitons (but exclude spectral singularities). We show that the set of such initial data is open and dense in a weighted Sobolev space, and includes data of arbitrarily large L2-norm. We prove global well-posedness on this open and dense set. In a subsequent paper, we will use these results and a steepest descent analysis to prove the soliton resolution conjecture for the DNLS equation with the initial data considered here and asymptotic stability of N-soliton solutions.
Joint Beamforming and the Artificial Noise Security Scheme Based on Successive Convex Approximation in Multi-relay Cognitive Network

To solve the transmission problemof physical layer security(PLS) in relay cognitive radio network (CRN), this paper investigates the PLS transmission scheme of multiple relays CRN, which contains two pairs of secondary nodes without direct link each other. Compared with the model that consists ofa pair of secondary node users and a single relay in terms of theoretical analysis and optimization, the proposed scheme is more complicated. To maximizethe joint secret rate of the secondary users,power allocation of the twosecondarysource transmission node withbeamforming andartificial noise assist (PBNAS) is obtained. Furthermore, exploiting the semidefinite programming theory (SDR) and the successive convex approximation (SCA) method, the original complex nonconvex problem is transformed into a convex optimization problem, and the iterative procedure is summarized.Finally, the security transmission rate versus different number relays andrelays total power is simulated. The simulation results show that the security performance of the PBNAS scheme is the best. Introduction Cognitive radio technology aims at improving spectrum efficiency and alleviating spectrum resource scarcity. This technology allows non-authorized users (secondary users) to share legal frequency band with authorized users (primary users) as long as the former doesn’t affect the later, thus it improving spectrum efficiency substantially. Nevertheless, the openness of the CRN structure makes it more likely to suffer the threat of security comparing to the traditional wireless network. [1,2] Under such circumstances, more attentions are paid to PLS technology for the sake of dealing with the security problems in the CRN. [3,4,5] Relay CRN faces more security threats than ever. Bibliographies [4,5] summarized the process of researches in this field. Nowadays, the researches of CRNPLS transmission scheme mainly focus on relay selection [10,11,12,13,14] and relay beamforming [15,16]. There is also some research work reported in Chinese journals [6,7,8,9]. Given that relay beamforming is an important method of PLS, this paper mainly researches the CRNPLS transmission problems based on relay beamforming. There is a pair of nodes and some relay nodes in the bibliographies [10,11,12,13,14], but they just select the best one of the relays to transmit signal. Although bibliographies [15,16] mainly concern about CRNPLS transmission schemes with multi-relay collaboration, they concern only the condition of a pair of secondary users. The optimal aims of them are to receive the required signal to noise ratio (SNR), while sacrifice the secure transmission performance of the system. In the CRN, because of the openness of the wireless network, the data is likely to 254 Advances in Computer Science Research (ACRS), volume 54 International Conference on Computer Networks and Communication Technology (CNCT2016)
Performing for Better Communication: Creativity, Cognitive-Emotional Skills and Embodied Language in Primary Schools

While the diversity and complexity of the links between creativity and emotional skills as well as their effects on cognitive processes are now established, few approaches to implementing them in schools have been evaluated. Within the framework of the enactive paradigm, which considers the complexity and dynamics of language as a cognitive process, we study how an approach based on performative theatre can synergistically stimulate creativity (artistic, bodily and linguistic), emotional skills (identifying and understanding emotions) and executive functions (especially inhibition, cognitive flexibility and emotional control), all as components defined in the context of oral communication. Stimulating this synergy in the context of foreign language teaching may be especially beneficial for children with communication disorders. This paper presents the first results of the CELAVIE pilot study (Creativity, Empathy and Emotions in Language learning with Autism for an Inclusive Education) through a case study of a pupil with a neurodevelopmental disorder included in a 4th-grade class. The results show a progression in oral communication in English as a Foreign Language (EFL), in emotional skills and creativity.
Studying the Protective Effect of N-acetyl cysteine and Lcarnitine on Testicular Toxicity Induced by Valproic Acid Administration in Adult Male Albino Rats

Introduction : Sodium valproate (VPA) is a well-known antiepileptic drug used in treatment of generalized seizures and cause many toxic effects. Aim : This study aimed to highlight the VPA effects on testes in adult male albino rats and protective effect of N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) and L-carnitine. Methodology : Sixty adult male albino rats divided into six groups randomly, 10 rats each, group I: negative control group not received any treatment. group II: positive control group received NAC 150 mg/kg/day orally, group III: positive control group received L-carnitine 500 mg/kg/day orally, group IV: received VPA 400 mg/kg/day orally which equals 40/67 of Ld50 of valproic acid in rats, group V: received VPA 400 mg/kg and NAC 150 mg/kg daily orally, group VI: received VPA 400 mg/kg and L-carnitine 500 mg/kg daily orally for 45 days. Results : This study revealed high significant difference between group received VPA (IV) in form of marked decrease in serum testosterone compared to control groups (I, II, III), laboratory parameters are co-incident with histopathological findings in testes of these groups. We found a significant improvement in laboratory parameters in the form of higher serum testosterone levels in groups received antioxidants with VPA (V, VI), co-incident with histopathological findings in testes of these groups, with a higher protective power of L-carnitine than N-acetyl cysteine. Conclusion: Sodium valproate induces testicular toxicity in high doses (400 mg/kg) in male albino rats. There is a protective role for both NAC and L-carnitine. L-carnitine exhibited more protective effect than NAC on their administration with VPA.
Classification and Regression Using a Constrained Convex Splitting Method

This paper deals with sparse feature selection and grouping for classification and regression. The classification or regression problems under consideration consists in minimizing a convex empirical risk function subject to an $\ell^1$ constraint, a pairwise $\ell^\infty$ constraint, or a pairwise $\ell^1$ constraint. Existing work, such as the Lasso formulation, has focused mainly on Lagrangian penalty approximations, which often require ad hoc or computationally expensive procedures to determine the penalization parameter. We depart from this approach and address the constrained problem directly via a splitting method. The structure of the method is that of the classical gradientprojection algorithm, which alternates a gradient step on the objective and a projection step onto the lower level set modeling the constraint. The novelty of our approach is that the projection step is implemented via an outer approximation scheme in which the constraint set is approximated by a sequence of simple convex sets consisting of the intersection of two half-spaces. Convergence of the iterates generated by the algorithm is established for a general smooth convex minimization problem with inequality constraints. Experiments on both synthetic and biological data show that our method outperforms penalty methods.
How sensitive are predicted muscle and knee contact forces to normalization factors and polynomial order in the muscle recruitment criterion formulation?

ABSTRACT Musculoskeletal modeling is an important tool to estimate knee loads. In these models, anatomical muscles are frequently sub-divided to account for wide origin/insertion areas. The specific sub-division has been shown to affect some muscle recruitment criteria and it has been suggested that normalization factors should be incorporated into models. The primary aim of this study was to investigate the effect of different muscle normalization factors in the muscle recruitment criterion and polynomial order on the estimated muscle and total, medial and lateral knee contact forces during gait. These were evaluated on three different musculoskeletal models with increasing levels of patient-specificity and knee joint model complexity for one subject from the Grand Challenge data set and evaluated against measured forces. The results showed that the introduction of the muscle normalization factors affected the estimated forces and that this effect was most pronounced when a polynomial of order two was applied. Additionally, mainly the second contact force peak was affected. Secondary investigations revealed that the predicted forces can vary substantially as a function of the knee flexor and extensor muscle strength with over one body weight difference in predicted total compressive force between 100% and 40% of the strength. Additionally, the predicted second peak during gait was found to be sensitive to the position of the pelvic skin marker positions in the model. These results imply that caution should be taken when a normalization factor is introduced to account for sub-divided muscles especially for second-order recruitment criteria.
THE RAPID FORMATION OF A FILAMENT CAUSED BY MAGNETIC RECONNECTION BETWEEN TWO SETS OF DARK THREADLIKE STRUCTURES

Taking advantage of the high spatiotemporal resolution observations from the Atmospheric Imaging Assembly (AIA) and the Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager on board the Solar Dynamics Observatory, we present rare observations of the rapid formation of a filament caused by magnetic reconnection between two sets of dark threadlike structures. The two sets of dark threadlike structures belong to distinct flux systems with their adjacent ends anchored in an opposite-polarity magnetic field region, where the calculated photospheric velocity field shows that converging flows dominate there. Due to the converging flows, opposite-polarity magnetic flux converged and then canceled, leading to the formation of extreme ultraviolet (EUV) brightening that spread in opposite directions along the spine of the dark threadlike structures. Meanwhile, very weak remote brightening in the other terminals of the dark threadlike structures, as well as EUV loops, which rooted in the opposite-polarity magnetic field region, appeared. In addition, all of the AIA Fe line observations reveal that a flux rope was formed and underwent a rolling motion during the fadeaway of the EUV brightening. Soon after, as the EUV brightening disappeared, a filament that is very likely composed of two sets of intertwined dark threadlike structures was formed. Via differential emission measure (EM) analysis, it is found that both the EM and temperature of the plasma around the flux-canceling site increased during the brightening, implying that there, magnetic reconnection may occur to heat the plasma. These observations provide evidence that the filament is formed by magnetic reconnection associated with flux convergence and cancellation, and the magnetic structure of the filament is most likely a flux rope.
Living Together: Planets, Host Stars and Binaries

The scientific meeting will be organized in the city of Litomysl, Czech Republic, on the week of September 8 - 12, 2014. The city will be honouring Zdenek Kopal, one of the foremost investigators of binary stars who was born in this city in 1914. A similar, smaller-scale conference in the same city took place in 2004 (http://var.astro.cz/kopal/). The conference, planned for the five weekdays, would be followed over the weekend (with a planned overlap on Friday, Sep.12, 2014) by a meeting of Czech and Slovak amateurs (variable star and exo-planet observers: http://var2.astro.cz/). Main Topics of the Conference Evolution of angular momentum: Formation of binary stars and of planetary systems.Detection of planetary systems. New techniques and new results. Results from the space missions for binary stars and exo-planets. Evolution of planetary systems. Stability of planetary systems and planetary migrations. Internal structure of planets. Planetary atmospheres. Planetary systems in binary stars. Unsolved problems in structure and evolution of binary stars. Directions for further research in binary stars and exo-planets. Zdenek Kopal and his legacy.
The study of animal behaviour as a physical science

Behaviour is the ultimate output of an animal’s nervous system and choosing the right action at the right time can be critical for survival. A quantitative understanding of behaviour would therefore advance research in neuroscience as well as ecology and evolution. However, animal posture typically has many degrees of freedom and behavioural dynamics vary on timescales ranging from milliseconds to years, presenting both technical and conceptual challenges. Here we review 1) advances in imaging and computer vision that are making it possible to capture increasingly complete records of animal motion and 2) new approaches to understanding the resulting behavioural data sets. With the right analytical approaches, these data are allowing researchers to revisit longstanding questions about the structure and organisation of animal behaviour and to put unifying principles on a quantitative footing. Contributions from both experimentalists and theorists are leading to the emergence of a physics of behaviour and the prospect of discovering laws and developing theories with broad applicability. We believe that there now exists an opportunity to develop theories of behaviour which can be tested using these data sets leading to a deeper understanding of how and why animals behave.
Optodynamical Measurement and Coupling of Atomic Motion and Spin

Author(s): Kohler, Jonathan | Advisor(s): Stamper-Kurn, Dan M | Abstract: The quantum nature of light makes it a basic component for models of quantum measurement and information exchange between disparate quantum modes, pioneered in the field of cavity quantum electrodynamics. The interaction of atomic ensembles with the mode of an optical cavity provides a flexible platform for exploring the coherent interaction of light with diverse macroscopic dynamics, such as collective motion and spin. This dissertation presents experimental results and theoretical models for continuous measurement and control of the center of mass motion and collective spin precession of an atomic ensemble, mediated by coupling to a high-finesse optical cavity. First, the theory of dispersive coupling between the cavity mode and the collective motion and spin of an atomic ensemble is derived, and then a general time-domain formalism is developed for theoretical analysis of multi-mode optodynamical systems. Single-mode optodynamical effects are introduced through experimental demonstrations of measurement and control of the collective atomic spin, providing a close analogy to cavity optomechanics.Next, multiple collective atomic modes are considered within a single cavity, in order to assemble optically mediated interactions within multi-mode optodynamical systems. A demonstration of optodynamical interactions between the center of mass motion of two atomic ensembles is presented, coupled through an optical spring mediated by the cavity mode. Then simultaneous coupling of the center of mass motion and total spin precession of a single ensemble of atoms is described, yielding an experimental realization of a negative-mass instability, facilitated by the novel resource of the spin ensembles inverted state. A theoretical analysis of the negative-mass instability is presented, which indicates the possibility of generating two-mode squeezed states in the absence of excess incoherent noise. Finally, linear state retrodiction from the optodynamical signals is discussed, providing background and supplemental material for a forthcoming manuscript.
Biometriy of Seeds of Tabebuia aurea (Silva Manso) Benth. & Hook. f. ex. S. Moore and Seedling Growth After Different Periods of Water Immersion

: This study aimed to determine the biometric characteristics of seeds of Tabebuia aurea and evaluate the effect of different periods of water immersion on the initial growth of seedlings. For this, the following dimensions were analyzed: length, width, and thickness of seeds with lateral wings and embryo. The moisture content, weight of a thousand seeds, and the number of seeds per kilogram were determined. The seeds were subjected to 11 treatments, as follow: control (no immersion in water; 0 hours) and periods of water immersion for 6, 12, 18, 24, 30, 36, 42, 48, 54, and 60 hours, with four replications of 25 seeds in each treatment. The aerial part and seedling root lengths were analyzed 30 days after sowing. The water content was 9.81% and the weight of a thousand seeds was 130.260 g, corresponding to about 7,677 seeds/kg. The seeds with lateral wings had mean length, width, and thickness of 5.252, 1.226, and 0.147 cm, respectively. For the embryo, these dimensions corresponded to 1.355, 0.805, and 0.103 cm. Regarding the aerial part and root length of T. aurea seedlings, immersion for 48 hours is recommended because this treatment had the best results.
Comparative analysis of automatic segmentation of esophageal cancer using 3D Res-UNet on conventional and 40-keV virtual mono-energetic CT Images: a retrospective study

Objectives To assess the performance of 3D Res-UNet for fully automated segmentation of esophageal cancer (EC) and compare the segmentation accuracy between conventional images (CI) and 40-keV virtual mono-energetic images (VMI40 kev). Methods Patients underwent spectral CT scanning and diagnosed of EC by operation or gastroscope biopsy in our hospital from 2019 to 2020 were analyzed retrospectively. All artery spectral base images were transferred to the dedicated workstation to generate VMI40 kev and CI. The segmentation model of EC was constructed by 3D Res-UNet neural network in VMI40 kev and CI, respectively. After optimization training, the Dice similarity coefficient (DSC), overlap (IOU), average symmetrical surface distance (ASSD) and 95% Hausdorff distance (HD_95) of EC at pixel level were tested and calculated in the test set. The paired rank sum test was used to compare the results of VMI40 kev and CI. Results A total of 160 patients were included in the analysis and randomly divided into the training dataset (104 patients), validation dataset (26 patients) and test dataset (30 patients). VMI40 kevas input data in the training dataset resulted in higher model performance in the test dataset in comparison with using CI as input data (DSC:0.875 vs 0.859, IOU: 0.777 vs 0.755, ASSD:0.911 vs 0.981, HD_95: 4.41 vs 6.23, all p-value <0.05). Conclusion Fully automated segmentation of EC with 3D Res-UNet has high accuracy and clinically feasibility for both CI and VMI40 kev. Compared with CI, VMI40 kev indicated slightly higher accuracy in this test dataset.
Thermal infrared imaging of the variability of canopy-air temperature difference distribution for heavy metal stress levels discrimination in rice

Abstract. This paper addresses the assessment and interpretation of the canopy-air temperature difference (Tc-Ta) distribution as an indicator for discriminating between heavy metal stress levels. Tc-Ta distribution is simulated by coupling the energy balance equation with modified leaf angle distribution. Statistical indices including average value (AVG), standard deviation (SD), median, and span of Tc-Ta in the field of view of a digital thermal imager are calculated to describe Tc-Ta distribution quantitatively and, consequently, became the stress indicators. In the application, two grains of rice growing sites under “mild” and “severe” stress level were selected as study areas. A total of 96 thermal images obtained from the field measurements in the three growth stages were used for a separate application of a theoretical variation of Tc-Ta distribution. The results demonstrated that the statistical indices calculated from both simulated and measured data exhibited an upward trend as the stress level becomes serious because heavy metal stress would only raise a portion of the leaves in the canopy. Meteorological factors could barely affect the sensitivity of the statistical indices with the exception of the wind speed. Among the statistical indices, AVG and SD were demonstrated to be better indicators for stress levels discrimination.
Meaning in Life and Life Satisfaction among University Students

Previous research indicates that young adults experience an increase in life satisfaction when they have a meaning in life. The current study examined the association between meaning in life and satisfaction with life as well as the relationship between the search for meaning in life and life satisfaction. University undergraduates (N= 302) from Forman Christian College (A Chartered University-FCCU) filled out self-report measures. The analysis was conducted using demographical information, scores from Meaning in Life Questionnaire (MLQ) and Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS). Pearson Product Moment Correlation Co-efficient indicated that Satisfaction with life increased when there was presence of meaning in life. Additionally, search for meaning increased when satisfaction with life decreased. Lastly, an independent samples t-test indicated no significant gender differences in meaning in life. The research helps to understand the variables in a Pakistani context since the prevalence of meaning in life significantly differs across cultures. Future research may look into the sources of meaning in life, reasons for absence of meaning and other factors that affect life satisfaction in young adults.