Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Proximal femoral nail antirotation II in fixation of intertrochanteric fractures: retrospective and prospective observational study

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Intertrochanteric fractures occur mostly in elderly patients, and the outcome may be extremely poor if there is prolonged bed-rest. The best treatment for trochanteric fracture remains controversial. Proximal femoral nail antirotation (PFNA) II has excellent fit as the design is adapted to the anatomical situation of small statured patients also. It has a medial lateral angle of 5 degrees. It has several distal locking options viz static/dynamic. Objective of this study was to observe the operating time, blood loss and fracture union in intertrochanteric fractures treated with PFNA II from the data collected from patient’s case sheets and post-operative X-rays. </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> 25 patients who were operated with PFNA II for unstable intertrochanteric fracture were selected using random selection and following parameters were noted from the records. <strong></strong></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> The mean age of the participants is 70.72±8.55 years with range from 52 years to 89 years. The mean duration was 1.98 hours ±0.66. The median duration was 2 with interquartile range from 1.5 to 2.5 hours. Mean blood loss was estimated to be 390 ml±62.78. The median blood loss was 370 ml with interquartile range from 360 to 420 ml. </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> The PFNA II is an ideal implant for unstable intertrochanteric fracture since stable intramedullary fixation can be achieved with almost 100% union in the studied population. </p>
Exploring the fluidity of relationships and methodology as an ‘insider’ action researcher

ABSTRACT In this article, I explore the challenges of undertaking insider research as a Widening Participation university practitioner and positioning myself as lead researcher with three academic co-researchers. The action research process provided the fertile environment for our complex academic: non-academic relationships to shift into more equitable working relationships and for expertise to be attributed to the practitioner as well as the academic knowledge base. I was required to be responsive and agile throughout the research in order to adapt my vision for the research project from a participatory action research to a more pragmatic action research approach. This necessary shift had a significant impact on my understanding of the action research methodology and of the research project focus. While my self-perception at the outset is that of an outsider in collaboration with insiders, through the process of enacting the research with my colleagues, my position can be seen to move to insider in collaboration with other insiders.
Injectable in situ forming glucose‐responsive dextran‐based hydrogels to deliver adipogenic factor for adipose tissue engineering

An injectable and glucose-responsive hydrogel derived from dextran derivatives and lectin concanavalin A (ConA) was synthesized to deliver adipogenic factor for adipose tissue engineering. The gelation is attributed to the Schiff-base reaction cross-linking between aldehydic and aminated dextran. To enhance adipogenesis, the adipogenic factor of insulin was incorporated in the ConA immobilized hydrogels. The gelation time, compressive modulus, morphologies, weight loss, and swelling properties of the hydrogels were investigated. The ConA triggered a competitive displacement of dextran by glucose from the lectin receptor sites, and results in increasing swelling of the gel network. The swelling ratio (SR) of ConA immobilized hydrogel showed glucose dependent properties and linearly increased from 19.8 to 31.3 at 37°C in PBS at glucose concentrations between 0 and 1.0% (w/v). The in vitro release experiments showed that the insulin would be released from this dextran hydrogel into the local microenvironment in response to glucose, thus highlighting the potential of such a injectable and biodegradable hydrogel to be used as part of implantable scaffold to delivery adipogenic factor for adipose tissue engineering. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Ovarian development, fertility and fecundity in Podisus maculiventris Say (Heteroptera:Pentatomidae): an analysis of the impact of nymphal, adult, male and female nutritional source on reproduction

Summary The rate of ovarian maturation, stages of follicle development, fertility and fecundity of the spined soldier bug, Podisus maculiventris (Say) (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) were examined under various nymphal and adult feeding regimes. In Heteroptera, both juvenile and adult nutrition potentially impact on reproductive development and fecundity. Natural larval prey (Trichoplusia ni Hübner) and an insect-free artificial diet (liver and egg-based) were used as food sources for nymphal and adult P. maculiventris. Results showed that nymphal and adult food source both played a significant role in ovarian development and reproductive output of females. The nymphal food source played a significant role in the process of oogenesis, as seen by the formation of follicles at the pre-vitellogenic stage. The adult food source significantly influenced the process of vitellogenesis as seen by the number of vitellogenic and chorionated follicles present within the ovarioles. Feeding on larval prey, at the adult stage only, improved the rate of ovarian maturation, including the number of vitellogenic follicles. However, the role of nymphal food still remained significant for the reproductive output of mated females (i.e., number of eggs and percent hatch). Feeding the artificial diet to adults that were reared as nymphs on larval prey reduced both ovarian maturation rate and fecundity to levels significantly lower than females fed larval prey during both nymphal and adult stages. The reproductive capacity of prey-fed females was not affected by mating with diet-fed males and the reproductive capacity of diet-fed females was not improved by mating with prey-fed males.
Spike Fertility and Duration of Stem Elongation as Promising Traits to Improve Potential Grain Number (and Yield): Variation in Modern Argentinean Wheats

The identification of physiological traits that determine grain number (and yield) in modern cultivars, and the possible tradeoffs among them, may help to detect promising traits for breeding to increase yield potential. High-yielding Argentinean wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars were grown under irrigated and high-input conditions during two seasons to study (i) yield and grain number m ―2 (GN) as a result of stover biomass at harvest (SH) and harvest index (HI); and (ii) spike dry weight at anthesis (SDW a ; g m ―2 ) and spike fertility index (SFI; grain number per gram of spike chaff or non-grain spike biomass). Duration of the stem elongation phase (SEP; first node detectable to anthesis) was analyzed as an alternative to increase SDW a . The HI was highly associated with yield differences between cultivars for both years, independently of stem height. In contrast, SH did not vary among cultivars in either season (P > 0.05). The GN determined yield differences between cultivars and was highly associated with SFI and SDW a for both years and cycles. Some cultivars with the same anthesis date showed stable variation for duration of the SEP between years (despite the year x cultivar interaction observed). As the SFI and duration of the SEP were not related, it seems promising to increase GN in a cultivar with high SFI through an increased duration of the SEP (which may yield higher SWD a ) or vice versa.
A novel effector CfEC92 of Colletotrichum fructicola contributes to glomerella leaf spot virulence by suppressing plant defences at the early infection phase

Abstract The ascomycete fungus Colletotrichum fructicola causes diseases on a broad range of plant species. On susceptible cultivars of apple, it induces severe early defoliation and fruit spots, named glomerella leaf spot (GLS), but the mechanisms of pathogenicity have remained elusive. Phytopathogens exhibit small secreted effectors to advance host infection by manipulating host immune reactions. We report the identification and characterization of CfEC92, an effector required for C. fructicola virulence. CfEC92 is a Colletotrichum‐specific small secreted protein that suppresses BAX‐triggered cell death in Nicotiana benthamiana. Accumulation of the gene transcript was barely detectable in conidia or vegetative hyphae, but was highly up‐regulated in appressoria formed during early apple leaf infection. Gene deletion mutants were not affected in vegetative growth, appressorium formation, or appressorium‐mediated cellophane penetration. However, the mutants were significantly reduced in virulence toward apple leaves and fruits. Microscopic examination indicated that infection by the deletion mutants elicited elevated deposition of papillae at the penetration sites, and formation of infection vesicles and primary hyphae was retarded. Signal peptide activity, subcellular localization, and cell death‐suppressive activity (without signal peptide) assays suggest that CfEC92 could be secreted and perform virulence functions inside plant cells. RNA sequencing and quantitative reverse transcription PCR results confirmed that the deletion mutants triggered elevated host defence reactions. Our results strongly support the interpretation that CfEC92 contributes to C. fructicola virulence as a plant immunity suppressor at the early infection phase.
What Can Science, Religion, Politics, Culture and the Economy Do? A Corpus Study of Metonymical Conceptualization Combined with Personification

ABSTRACT The study analyses occurrences of Russian nouns meaning ‘science’, ‘religion’, ‘economy’, ‘politics’ and ‘culture’ as human-like subjects. This kind of use is interpreted as an example of a conceptualization described as Personification-With-Metonymy. On the basis of the fact that Russian examples work well in translation into other languages, we assume that similar conceptualization of these abstract nouns is not completely language-dependent. The study is based on the analysis of examples taken from Integrum, a large non-annotated Russian corpus. The large number of examples found in newspaper texts and documented both quantitatively and qualitatively suggests that such non-annotated corpora can be used for studying conceptualization.
The Fruit Characteristics of Ambon Forest Nutmeg (Myristica fatua Houtt) and Banda Nutmeg (Myristica fragrans Houtt)

Ambon Forest nutmeg (Myristica fatua Houtt) is one of the endemic plants in Indonesia. The morphological characteristic of Ambon Forest nutmeg is slightly different from that of Banda nutmeg (Myristica fragrans Houtt) i.e., it is not used as spices, but its oil is used as a lamp oil. This study aimed to determine the chemical components and essential oils of Ambon Forest nutmeg derived from its seeds, mace, and flesh compared to Banda nutmeg. Extractions of essential oils were performed using a steam hydro-distillation. Analysis of chemical compositions and contents of essential oil was carried out using a Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GCMS) instrument and SNI 06-2388-2006 method. The essential oil contents in Ambon Forest nutmeg were relatively low, i.e., 0.63% in the seeds, 0.30% in the mace, and 0.04% in the flesh compared to Banda nutmeg i.e., 1% in the seeds, 40% in the mace, and 3.5% in the fruit flesh. The chemical compositions of essential oils showed that M. fatua Houtt contained 12 compounds in the seeds, 24 compounds in the mace, and 17 compounds in the fruit flesh, while for Banda Nutmeg, the contents of essential oils were found 18 compounds in the seeds, 10 compounds in the mace, and 15 compounds in the fruit flesh. M. fatua Houtt contained the highest Copaene, i.e., 28.41% in the seeds, 10.42% in the mace, and 23.33% in the fruit flesh. Myristicin, as the main marker compound of nutmeg oil, was also found in Ambon Forest nutmeg i.e., 1.3% in the seeds, 1.16% in the mace, and 5.19% in the fruit flesh. However, these results showed lower contents when compared to Banda nutmeg with Myristicin contents of 8.72% in the seeds, 10.14% in the mace, and 10.46% in the fruit flesh. Keywords: Essential oil, Myristica fatua Houtt, Myristica fragrans Houtt, Nutmeg
Effects of Flooding of Soll on Growth, Stem Anatomy, and Ethylene Production of Thuja Orientalis Seedlings·

Flooding of soil for 66 days decreased the rate of dry weight increment and induced stem hypertrophy and abnormal cambial growth in 3-year-old Thuja orientalis seedlings. The rate of dry weight increase of seedlings was reduced largely because of root decay and a decrease in root growth and in initiation of new roots. Diameters of the submerged portions of stems increased as a result of accelerated growth of bark as weil as xylem increment. stem diameters also increased above the water level but alm ost en tirely because of an increase in tracheid production. The xylem of submerged portions of stems was characterised by wide variations in tracheid size (with many largediameter tracheids), lack of arrangement of tracheids in orderly radial rows, and an increased number of xylem rays and large ray cells. Flooding also stimulated ethylene production in stems but did not affect formation of resin ducts in the bark and did not induce formation of compression wood. Ethylene appeared to play a role in regulating cambial growth of flooded plants.
Correlation between cancer stem cells (CSCs) and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs): do TILs interact with CSCs in non-small cell lung cancer?

Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON, Canada Correspondence to: Xiaolong Yang. Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON, Canada. Email: yangx@queensu.ca. Provenance and Peer review: This article was commissioned by the editorial office, Annals of Translational Medicine. The article did not undergo external peer review.
Value Relevance of Accounting Information in the Botswana Listed Companies

The main purpose of the study was to examine the statistical relationship between four sets of accounting information and market share prices using the data of companies listed on the Botswana Stock Exchange over the period from 2012 to 2018. Annual reports and Botswana Stock Exchange – Equity Statistics data bank were the sources of accounting information and market prices respectively. The Ordinary Least Square regression method was used to analyse data. The results suggest that earnings are the most value relevant information to share prices followed by dividends and lastly book value. While book value yielded weak value relevance operating cash flows did not explain changes in share prices in the Botswana equity market. The combination of earnings and dividends was more value relevant than any other mix of accounting amounts. The study further revealed that the market share price at the end of the 6th month from the year end was the most influenced price. These results have implications to quoted companies regarding the importance they attach on earnings and dividends information and their timely publication. The paper recommends for speedy dissemination of earnings and dividends information since investors significantly consider such information in market share pricing decisions.
Does Cell Size Depend on the Nuclear Genome Size in Ultra-small Algae such as Cyanidioschyzon merolae and Ostreococcus tauri?

The complete nuclear genome size of the red alga Cyanidioschyzon merolae, 1.5–2 μm in diameter, was determined as 16.5 Mbp by our Genome Project. Based on comparing data between the correct value and the size previously described, we considered simple molecular and cytological methods to identify the correct value for genome size. The results showed that the 16.4 Mbp by the vide-enhanced photon-counting method after DAPI staining rather than pulse field electrophoresis was the closest to the Genome Project value. We determined the genome size of Ostreococcus tauri as 0.6 μm in diameter by the VIM system after staining with DAPI and SYBR Green I. The results showed that the genome size of the alga is approximately 35 Mbp and larger than the 9.0–12 Mbp estimated by pulse-field electrophoresis, suggesting that cell size does not depend on genome size.
Reproduction, growth and diet of Gambusia holbrooki (Girard) in a temperate Australian river

1. The biology of Gambusia holbrooki in the Collie River in southwestern Australia is described using data obtained from seine samples collected at 4–6 weekly intervals over two years. 2. Females which had overwintered in the river bred between October and February (spring-breeding group) and then died. Some of the large representatives of the resultant cohort of males and females bred between January and March (summer-breeding group) and then also died. The offspring of these larger individuals and the smaller fish did not start breeding until the following spring, when they constituted the spring-breeding group of the following breeding season. Breeding occurred when temperatures were above 15–16°C and day length exceeded 750–780 min. The increase in the mean length of the spring group of pregnant females from 33 mm in October to 52 mm in January was accompanied by a rise in mean fecundity from 33 to 131. 3. In the Collie River, G. holbrooki is a generalist carnivore, feeding at the water surface and throughout the water column. Gut contents of a wide size range of G. holbrooki from each season contained neither the eggs, larvae, juveniles nor adults of any of the three indigenous fish species found in the system. Moreover, there was no evidence that G. holbrooki exhibited agonistic behaviour, such as fin clipping, towards these native fish. 4. Coexistence of the three indigenous species with G. holbrooki, and thereby their conservation, is facilitated by the outcome of different spawning times and localities. Thus, the early life-history stages of the indigenous species, which are most susceptible to predation, are typically produced in tributary creeks or flood waters between late winter and late spring, some time before the breeding of G. holbrooki results in a population explosion of this exotic species in the main channel of the river during summer.
Livestock classification and counting in quadcopter aerial images using Mask R-CNN

ABSTRACT Quadcopters equipped with machine learning vision systems are bound to become an essential technique for precision agriculture applications in pastures in the near future. This paper presents a low-cost approach for livestock counting jointly with classification and semantic segmentation which provide the potential of biometrics and welfare monitoring in animals in real time. The method used in the paper adopts the state-of-the-art deep-learning technique known as Mask R-CNN for feature extraction and training in the images captured by quadcopters. Key parameters such as IoU (Intersection over Union) threshold, the quantity of the training data and the effect the proposed system performs on various densities have been evaluated to optimize the model. A real pasture surveillance dataset is used to evaluate the proposed method and experimental results show that our proposed system can accurately classify the livestock with an accuracy of 96% and estimate the number of cattle and sheep to within 92% of the visual ground truth, presenting competitive advantages of the approach feasible for monitoring the livestock.
THE FAUNA OF ROCKY SHORES OF BARBADOS, WEST INDIES

The zonation of the intertidal fauna of the rocky shores of Barbados is described. Although the tidal range is less than 4 ft, the vertical range of the fauna is, in certain situations, much wider. Wave action is shown to be an important factor in extending the vertical range while temperature and exposure influence distribution.The biology of the common species is described, with emphasis on their reproductive and larval ecology. The majority of the species are copulators and are ovoviviparous or produce egg capsules. There is a marked tendency for the larvae to have a short pelagic life.
Incidence of Salmonella and Escherichia coli in fish farms and markets in Dinajpur, Bangladesh

The research work was conducted to assess the incidence of Salmonella and Escherichia coli (E. coli) contamination in different fish farms and fish markets of Dinajpur district of Bangladesh. The level of incidence of Salmonella contamination was greater in scum samples (93.8%) and for E. coli the higher contamination found in water samples (81.3%). The study showed that, water and fish samples were also Salmonella positive and the percentage was 87.5% and 57.8% respectively and for E. coli contamination about 75% of scum and 75.6% of fish samples were E. coli positive among fish farms samples. In case of market, both basket and fish sample were tested Salmonella positive, the level of incidence of Salmonella contamination was higher for basket samples (100%) and lower in fish samples (48.9%). Meanwhile, E. coli contamination for fish, basket, and mat samples were 75.6%, 68.8% and 75% respectively. Therefore, the results are very much alarming.
COVID-19 and the Rationale for Pharmacotherapy: A South African Perspective

SARS-CoV-2 is a pathogen phylogenetically similar to two previous zoonotic coronaviruses: severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2002 (SARS-CoV-1) and the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2012 (MERS-CoV), the case fatality rates (CFRs) of which were 7%–10% and 30%, respectively. (1,2) While the CFR of the current pandemic is considerably less than these prior epidemics (approximately 1%–2% of confirmed cases), the sheer numbers of patients globally that have contracted the disease has meant that the overall mortality has far outstripped that of the other coronavirus infections. This mortality seems to considerably vary from country to country, and this has not been fully explained. The real-time numbers infected and the mortality rates can be accessed at the following site: https://www.worldometers. info/ coronavirus/. The low rates in areas such as South Korea are probably due to the extensive testing that has been performed to date, increasing the denominator by including asymptomatic or mildly symptomatic patients; however, other factors may be involved such as the overall age of the populations concerned and possibly the effect of vitamin D (i.e. sunlight) on the viral receptor ACE2 in the lung. (2,3) Whatever the cause is, it is incumbent upon society to reduce the impact of the pandemic by social distancing, i.e. restriction of movement and mandatory isolation (which are more difficult to achieve in societies that are less authoritarian and the populace less obedient), effective therapies and vaccination. As far as the therapy is concerned, there have been, as of 6 April 2020, 1,277,248 documented cases with 69,570 deaths. Of the 941,217 active cases, 95% are mild and 5% are serious or critical, and it is the latter group that requires therapy beyond pure supportive measures. It appears that there are three phases to the disease that merge into each other although it is difficult to predict Wits Journal of Clinical Medicine, 2020, 2(SI) 11–18 http://dx.doi. org/10.18772/26180197.2020. v2nSIa2
Megaulacobothrus Caudell from China (Orthoptera: Arcypteridae) with description of two new species

Twenty-nine species of the orthopteran genus Megaulacobothrus Caudell (1921) have been reviewed, including two new species, namely, Megaulacobothrus ewenkensis sp. nov. and Megaulacobothrus barbipes sp. nov. A checklist and key to the Chinese species is given in this article. Type material is deposited with the Institute of Zoology, Shaanxi Normal University, China.