Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
In situ transformation of amorphous gels into spherical aggregates of kaolinite: A HRTEM study

Abstract Initial stages of the gel-to-kaolinite transformation were studied using HRTEM. Spherical aggregates of kaolinite crystals were produced during the synthesis of kaolinite by hydrothermal treatment of Si-Al amorphous gels. Prior to sphere formation, gels transform into pseudospherical domains that have a Si/Al ratio of one and display no SAED pattern. The spherical particles consist of radially arranged sectors of stacks of planar crystallites. Crystals display nonbasal spacings of 4.5, 4.2 and 3.8 Å and a basal spacing of 7.1 Å , the c* axis following the radius of the sphere. Interpretation of the 3D nanostructure of the spheres is difficult. The c* axis exhibits a radial disposition, but the relative orientation of the a* and b* axes in neighbouring crystallites may produce bent layers or incoherent contacts. In addition, curved layers with a d spacing of 7.4 Å may be attributed to halloysite layers collapsed under microscopy conditions. The disappearance of the spheres during the hydrothermal treatment is probably due to preferential dissolution of either highstress areas near bent layers or non-crystalline material filling crystal boundaries. Dissolution leads to sphere disaggregation and allows the component columnar crystals to continue to grow. Observations of the gel matrix suggest that under our experimental conditions kaolinite crystallizes via an in situ transformation of the gel.
Climate‐driven decrease in erosion in extant Mediterranean badlands

Badland areas provide some of the highest erosion rates globally. Most studies of erosion have insufficient lengths of record to interrogate the impacts of decadal‐scale changes in precipitation on rates of badland erosion in regions such as the Mediterranean, which are known to be sensitive to land degradation and desertification. Erosion measurements, derived from field monitoring using erosion pins, in southern Italy during the period 1974–2004 are used to explore the impacts of changing precipitation patterns on badland erosion. Erosion on badland inter‐rill areas is strongly correlated with cumulative rainfall over each monitoring period. Annual precipitation has a substantial dynamic range, but both annual and winter (December, January, February) rainfall amounts in southern Italy show a steady decrease over the period 1970–2000. The persistence of positive values of the winter North Atlantic Oscillation index in the period 1980–2000 is correlated with a reduction in the winter rainfall amounts. Future climate scenarios show a reduction in annual rainfall across the western and central Mediterranean which is likely to result in a further reduction in erosion rates in existing badlands. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Simple models for the estimation and measurement of frictional heating by an earthquake

A review of the simplest models of frictional heating provides a useful order-of-magnitude perspective on coseismic and post-seismic thermal effects and their relation to earthquake parameters. In addition to fault slip and friction, which determine the energy dissipation, coseismic temperatures are sensitive to event duration, slip velocity, and width of the shear zone. Although coseismic heating may differ by several hundred degrees for events with the same slip and friction, the associated post-seismic temperature anomalies will generally be indistinguishable a few days after faulting. As suggested by McKenzie and Brune, the product of slip and friction might be recovered by thermal observations in a well drilled into the slip zone of moderate to large earthquakes. Precision temperature logs obtained within a few months of the event should help identify the slip zone, and subsequent temperature-time series within it could permit separation of the thermal disturbances caused by faulting, drilling, and the possible occurrence of water movements sometimes invoked in faulting models.
Observations on Growth, Survival, Maturation and Breeding of Macrobrachium dayanum (Henderson, 1893) under Laboratory Conditions

Macrobrachium dayanum is a small freshwater prawn species that completes its lifecycle in freshwater. It shows abbreviated larval development. The egg bearing females were reared individually till egg hatching in 10 l glass jars. The hatchlings were collected and reared in freshwater for 190 days under laboratory conditions. Hatchlings were fed initially (up to seven days after hatching) with mixed zooplankton collected from ponds and subsequently with formulated pellet diet. The hatchlings grew from an initial weight of 1.11 mg to 1029 mg in 190 days. The survival rate was 65.3%. Sexual maturation was observed after 120 days of rearing when the female was 37 mm total length and 670 mg weight. Breeding occurred in the rearing tanks and the embryonic period was found to be 29 days at 28-31°C. A new generation of hatchlings was found after 150 days of rearing.
Estuarine health in Tasmania, status and indicators: water quality

This report describes the results of a research project conducted under the Coast and Cleans Seas program of the Natural Heritage Trust fund. It provides a summary and assessment of water quality parameters, as indicators of estuarine health, in 22 selected Tasmanian estuaries. Information is summarised on both a State wide and individual estuary basis.
Psychosocial Factors Influencing Quality of Life Among Medical Students

Objective This study investigated the influence of psychosocial factors on medical students’ quality of life (QOL). Methods A total of 408 medical students participated in this study. We collected data on participants’ sociodemographic details, symptoms of depression and Internet addiction, self-esteem, social support, and QOL. QOL was assessed using the World Health Organization Quality of Life-Abbreviated form, which has four domains (physical health, psychological health, social relationships, and environment). A stepwise multiple linear regression model was constructed to identify factors’ independent impact on QOL. Results Higher levels of depression and Internet addiction were associated with lower scores in all domains of QOL, whereas higher levels of self-esteem and social support were associated with higher scores. Being in third-year versus first-year was associated with higher scores in the physical health and environment domains. Living alone or in dormitories, low or middle socioeconomic status, and insufficient or moderate pocket money were associated with lower scores in the environment domain. Additionally, female students displayed significantly lower scores for physical health, psychological health, and environment than male students, but not for social relationships. There were significant differences in certain domains of QOL due to sociodemographic factors. Conclusion This study demonstrates the psychosocial factors influencing medical students’ QOL. Educational strategies focusing on strengthening self-esteem and social support as well as preventing depression and Internet addiction may contribute to improving medical students’ QOL.
Analysis of The Influence of Interactional Teachers' Teaching Style on Students' Activeness in The Learning Process in Indonesia

The teacher's teaching style has an important role in influencing the level of students’ involvement in learning. The interactional teacher's teaching style is able to encourage students to develop critical, creative thinking and problem-solving abilities. This research aims to determine the influence of interactional teachers' teaching style on students' activeness in learning. The method used in this research is descriptive quantitative research. Descriptive quantitative research is a research method whose aim is to determine the influence between two variables (dependent and independent). This research uses a simple linear regression test to determine the magnitude of the influence of one independent variable (interactional teacher teaching style) on the dependent variable (students' activeness). Data collection instruments were interviews, observation of interactional teachers’ teaching style, and student activeness questionnaire. Based on data analysis using a simple linear regression test, the magnitude of the influence of the independent variable on the dependent variable is 95.5%. Meanwhile, the calculated F value is 277.328 with a significance value of 0.000 < 0.05, indicating that there is an influence of interactional teachers’ teaching style on students’ activeness in the learning process of the tenth grade of SMA Negeri 1 Anjongan.
Microsporidiosis in Penaeus monodon Cultured in the Bheries of West Bengal, India

Bhery fisheries play a significant role in the total shrimp production of West Bengal. Due to the traditional practices and utilization of untreated sewage water, the shrimps of the bheries are under the threat of parasitic attack. Microsporidians, a protozoan endoparasite, can cause shrimp mortalities and consequent decrease in total harvest in the systems like Bhery fishery. During this study, it was observed that the wild aquatic organisms are the main carriers of Microsporidiosis and the incidence level was 1.17%. The muscle fibers were degenerated due to Microsporidiosis and numerous small minute spores were diffusely distributed throughout the muscle.
Observations on the Induced Breeding of Labeo bata  (Hamilton) With Ovaprim and Ovatide as Inducing Agents With a Note to Its Development

Induced breeding of Labeo bata was conducted using synthetic hormones, Ovaprim in three dose combinations, viz., 0.6 & 0.3 ml/kg, 0.5 & 0.2 ml/kg and 0.4 & 0.1 ml/kg body weight and Ovatide at 0.5 & 0.3 ml/kg, 0.4 & 0.2 ml/kg and 0.3 & 0.1 ml/kg for female and male, respectively. The latency period was found to be 7-8 hours. The egg output per female was highest at a dose combination of 0.5 ml/kg to female and 0.2 ml/kg to male with Ovaprim and at 0.4 ml/kg female and 0.2 ml/kg male with Ovatide. The number of eggs released by the females (40-45 g body weight) ranged 3500-4000. The highest fertilization and hatching rate recorded were 55.7±1.50% and 53.42±2.31%, respectively with Ovaprim at dose of 0.5 ml/kg to female and 0.2ml/kg males.
Influence of the extent and genera of cloud cover on solar radiation intensity

This paper aims to describe the influence of cloud cover, its extent and cloud genus, on solar radiation intensity measured at the Earth's surface. Solar radiation intensity values at varying degrees of cloudiness, based on observations and measurements performed between 2003 and 2007 in Krakow (Poland), are analysed in this paper. Analyses show that cloud cover impacts solar radiation intensity in two ways: usually weakening it, but intensifying in certain weather conditions. The greatest solar radiation intensity can be detected not when the sky is cloudless, but when it is partly cloudy (3/8‐6/8), with convective clouds present. Copyright © 2011 Royal Meteorological Society
Global Postural Exercise Program Versus Muscle Energy Technique on Management of Temporomandibular Joint Disorders

Objective: To compare between the effects of global postural exercise program against muscle energy technique on maximum pressure pain threshold, maximal mouth opening range of motion as well as quality of life on patients with temporomandibular joint disorders. Methods: 63 patients having temporomandibular disorders were randomized into three groups; Group (A) were given global postural exercise program in addition to conventional therapy (in the form of LASER and hot packs), Group (B) were given muscle energy technique as well as traditional therapy and the Group (C) control were given traditional therapy only. All patients were examined by the pressure algometer, paquimeter and Arabic version of Oral health impact profile 14 questionnaire as well as the duration of treatment were 6 weeks. Results: there were no significant statistical differences revealed pretreatment for all variables, Mmaximal mouth opening range of motion, quality of life scale, as well as pain) as in mouth opening (P=0.130), OHIP-14 (P=0.642), right temporalis muscles (P=0.384), left temporalis muscles (P=0.930), right masseter muscles (P=0.790), left masseter muscles (P=0.064), right trapezius muscle (P=0.403), and left trapezius muscle (P=0.058) among groups where (P>0.05). While after-treatment and follow up , there were significant statistical differences were P value was (P<0.05), in mouth opening (P=0.0001 and P=0.0001, respectively), OHIP-14 (P=0.0001 and P=0.0001, respectively), right temporalis muscles (P=0.035 and P=0.020, respectively), left temporalis muscles (P=0.0001 and P=0.0001, respectively), right masseter muscles (P=0.001 and P=0.0001, respectively), left masseter muscles (P=0.004 and P=0.035, respectively), right trapezius muscle (P=0.0001 and P=0.0001, respectively), and left trapezius muscle (P=0.031 and P=0.001, respectively) between groups. Conclusion: Both Muscle energy technique and global postural exercise program improved mouth opening, pressure pain threshold, as well as quality of life in temporomandibular joint disorders patients, with the superiority of muscle energy technique over global postural exercise program.
Seasonal Exchanges of the Kuroshio and Shelf Waters and Their Impacts on the Shelf Currents of the East China Sea

Previous in situ observations and modeling studies have indicated that, through mass and momentum exchanges across the shelf edge, the Kuroshio can significantly influence the shelf currents of the East China Sea (ECS). Here, instead of localized observations, this study uses 25yr of drifter data, supported by satellite and other data to identify seasonal cross-shelf exchanges along the entire shelf edge. The authors show that Kuroshiomeandersonshorefromfalltowinterandoffshorefromspringtosummer,withthelargestamplitude northeast of Taiwan. The influence is limited to the shelf edge when the Kuroshio meanders offshore in spring and summer. By contrast, strong onshelf intrusions and cross-shelf exchanges occur when the Kuroshio meanders onshore in fall and winter. Drifters intrude onshelf northeast of Taiwan and spread as far north as 308N against the strong northeasterly wind. The forcing on the shelf is identified as a northward downsloping of the sea level that is steepest north of Taiwan at 258‐288N, but which is 3 times weaker farther north. The vorticity budget computed from a numerical model indicates that intrusion during fall andwinter is primarily a result of balancebetweenonshelfadvectionofambientpotentialvorticityandvorticityproductionbythealong-isobath pressure gradient acting on the changing mass of water column across the continental slope.
Surveying three-dimensional perspectives of the flow structure around the bridge pile depending on the vegetation pattern distribution

Modeling techniques have enabled us to understand how to protect vital infrastructures using nature-based solutions. In this research, we demonstrated that by selecting a specific vegetation pattern distribution upstream of the pile as a nature-based solution, we could reduce the amount of scouring around the bridge piles. This is essential to avoid the negative impacts that occur after landslides, flash floods, or mudflows close to populated areas. This solution can mitigate the global problem of bridge failure. To achieve this goal, an Acoustic Doppler Velocimetry device (ADV) was used to measure the velocity components in an experimental channel with a 90 cm width, 15 meters long, and 60 cm high. Two different widths of vegetation were used: the overall vegetation, with a 90 cm width, and the patched one, with a 10 cm width, positioned upstream of the bridge pile. In the case of using patched vegetation, a 36% reduction was observed in the amount of scouring around the bridge pile compared to the free-vegetation case, showing the positive effect of using vegetation to reduce scouring. In both cases, the amount of negative Reynolds shear stresses decreased when the presence of vegetation was registered. Using octant analysis, the overall vegetation was shown to convert internal events into external ones in front of the pile. However, in the case of using patched vegetation, internal events were also observed in addition to external events. Patchy vegetation changed the transverse direction of outward vortices from internal to external. In the presence of patchy vegetation, the dominance of the inward event decreased sharply. The presence of vegetation in the flow path affected some bursting events and, as a result, reduced scouring. The results showed that each of the used vegetation models has a different effect on bursting events, and these events can affect the amount of scouring hole depth.
ANALISIS INTRA E INTER POBLACIONAL DE RASGOS CRANEANOS NO METRICOS EN ABORIGENES PREHISPANICOS DEL ACTUAL TERRITORIO DE CORDOBA

RESUMEN Recientes investigaciones acerca de la arqueologia de sociedades agroalfareras del territorio que actualmente ocupa la provincia de Cordoba, senalan que existio un proceso de diversificacion e intensificacion diferencial, que termino definiendo modalidades regionales en los estilos de vida de dichas comunidades. Desde esta perspectiva, los desarrollos llevados a cabo en las sierras y la llanura extraserrana de las zonas centro y sur de Cordoba, difieren en algunos aspectos de aquellos implementados en la zona norte y a su vez, estos dos de los grupos de Traslasierra y San Luis. En este estudio se investigo, a traves del analisis de rasgos craneanos no metricos, si esta diversificacion cultural se correspondio con diferencias biologicas regionales. Varias tecnicas de analisis utilizadas ( cluster analisis , autocorrelacion espacial y multi-response permutation procedure ), permitieron identificar un patron de agrupamiento regional entre las poblaciones que se asentaron en los diferentes valles serranos, no asi las que ocuparon los ambientes de llanura. Por otra parte, al confrontarse la serie Cordoba con otras de Argentina a partir de datos extraidos de la literatura, se puso de manifiesto que Cordoba presenta una mayor similitud con los grupos de Patagonia y Tierra del Fuego, que con los del Noroeste y Noreste de Argentina. A su vez, se evidencio una neta diferenciacion entre Cordoba y las restantes series. ABSTRACT Recent archaeological research on pre-Hispanic agricultural societies of the current territory of the province of Cordoba (Argentina) shows a process of diversification and cultural differentiation. The way of life of the South and Plains regions widely differed from that observed in the North-East, North-West and Traslasierra regions. In this work, by means of the analysis of non metric cranial traits, we investigated if that cultural differentiation was associated to observable patterns of biological variation. Different techniques employed ( cluster analysis , spatial autocorrelation, multi response permutation procedure ) gave evidence of a significant regional differentiation. Inter-population comparisons with samples from other regions of Argentina, based on data reported in the literature, reveal that the pre-Hispanic inhabitants of Cordoba were biologically more related to the Patagonian and Tierra del Fuego groups, than to the North-East and North-Western populations. On the other hand, the analysis shows a clear differentiation between Cordoba and the other series.
Polypill Therapy for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Combination Medication Therapy for Hypertension Management

Although various guidelines for cardiovascular disease prevention have been established, the optimal drug therapy is often not implemented due to poor medication adherence and the clinical inertia of healthcare practitioners. Polypill strategies are one solution to this problem. Previous studies have established the usefulness of polypills, i.e., combination tablets including three or more medications, for the prevention of cardiovascular disease. For this purpose, the polypills generally contain an antiplatelet medication, an antihypertensive medication, and a statin. For the specific management of hypertension, combination therapy including more than two classes of antihypertensive medications is recommended by most international guidelines. Combination tablets including two classes of antihypertensive medications, such as renin-angiotensin system (RAS) inhibitors (angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors [ACEIs] and angiotensin receptor blockers [ARBs]) and Ca-channel blockers or thiazide diuretics, have been reported to be useful for cardiovascular disease prevention and lowering blood pressure (BP) levels. The use of RAS inhibitors is recommended for a wide range of complications, including diabetes, chronic heart failure, and chronic kidney disease. The combination of an RAS inhibitor and diuretic or Ca-channel blocker is thus recommended for the management of hypertension. Finally, we expect that novel medications such as angiotensin receptor neprilysin inhibitors (ARNIs) and sodium glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i), which have a more diverse range of effects in hypertension, heart failure, or diabetes, may be a solution to the problem of polypharmacy. Evidence is accumulating on the benefits of polypill strategies in cardiovascular disease prevention. Combination tablets are also effective for the treatment of hypertension.
Spectral gamma‐ray logs and palaeoclimate change? Permian–Triassic, Persian Gulf

Spectral gamma ray (SGR) logs are used as stratigraphic tools in correlation, sequence stratigraphy and most recently, in clastic successions as a proxy for changes in hinterland palaeoweathering. In this study we analyse the spectral gamma ray signal recorded in two boreholes that penetrated the carbonate and evaporate‐dominated Permian–Triassic boundary (PTB) in the South Pars Gasfield (offshore Iran, Persian Gulf) in an attempt to analyse palaeoenvironmental changes from the upper Permian (Upper Dalan Formation) and lower Triassic (Lower Kangan Formation). The results are compared to lithological changes, total organic carbon (TOC) contents and published stable isotope (δ18O, δ13C) results. This work is the first to consider palaeoclimatic effects on SGR logs from a carbonate/evaporate succession. While Th/U ratios compare well to isotope data (and thus a change to less arid hinterland climates from the Late Permian to the Early Triassic), Th/K ratios do not, suggesting a control not related to hinterland weathering. Furthermore, elevated Th/U ratios in the Early Triassic could reflect a global drawdown in U, rather than a more humid episode in the sediment hinterlands, with coincident changes in TOC. Previous work that used spectral gamma ray data in siliciclastic successions as a palaeoclimate proxy may not apply in carbonate/evaporate sedimentary rocks. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.