Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
CHANGES WITH TIME IN THE FORM AND AVAILABILITY OF RESIDUAL FERTILIZER PHOSPHORUS ON CHERNOZEMIC SOILS

A sequential phosphorus (P) fractionation procedure was used to measure the changes in the labile and stable forms of inorganic and organic P following single broadcast P applications to Canadian Chernozemic soils under cereal cropping. Approximately half of the fertilizer residues remained in plant-available forms (resin, NaHCO3). In a Black Waskada clay loam 8 yr after the application of 200 and 400 kg P ha−1, residual fertilizer P consisted of resin-P, 30–40%; HCl-P, 25–30%; residue-P, 10–15%; NaOH-P, 10–15%, NaHCO3-P, 10%; and aggregate protected P, 3%. The residues in a Dark Brown Sutherland clay 5 yr after the application of 160 kg P ha−1 were: resin-P, 35%; NaOH-P, 30–40%; NaHCO3-P, 15%; HCl-P, 0–5%; H2SO4-P, 5%; and aggregate protected P, 5%. The soils differed in the quantity of fertilizer recovered in inorganic HCl-extractable forms. In the Sutherland soil the change from wheat-fallow to continuous wheat cropping produced a build-up of organic P which occurred with and without the addition of P .
Atomic Binding of Transition Metals on Clean Single‐Crystal Tungsten Surfaces

The binding energy of single atoms of the Period‐6 transition elements on atomically perfect single‐crystal planes of tungsten was measured by utilizing low‐temperature‐pulse field desorption, in a ultrahighvacuum field‐ion microscope. For any given adatom, the dependence of the binding energy on surface crystallography was observed to be inconsistent with a pairwise interaction model. A new model incorporating a surface‐charge redistribution into a pairwise potential is shown to be consistent with the data. The variation in binding energy with electronic configuration of the adatom is interpreted in terms of an electron‐energy band model. The binding energy depends upon the electron occupancy of two subbands assumed to exist in the d levels of the atom, when it is adsorbed on the surface. Finally, the abnormal field‐desorption properties of adatoms on the (110) plane are discussed in terms of its anomalous work function.
Nanocarbons by High-Temperature Decomposition of Graphite Oxide at Various Pressures

Thermal decomposition of graphite oxide into nanocarbons at pressures from ambient to 5 GPa has been studied by using X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy and TEM. The temperature of graphite oxide decomposition at 5 GPa is close to the temperature of graphite oxide exfoliation at ambient pressure; however, materials formed are strongly dependent on pressure. High-pressure conditions favor formation of rounded graphitic nanoparticles, while exfoliation at ambient pressure results in preservation of paper-like wrinkled micrometer size sheets (with thickness of a few graphene layers) typical for pristine graphite oxide.
A HISTORY OF RADIO ASTRONOMY POLARISATION MEASUREMENTS

While intensity of electromagnetic radiation (radio, infrared, light, or X-ray) gives us primary information about the distribution of the baryonic matter in the Universe, polarisation is a parameter that enables us to investigate many additional details. Polarisation at radio frequencies gives us details of emission processes since the non-thermal synchrotron process dominates at low radio frequencies in emission regions. In addition, polarised radio sources can be used as probes of the intervening interstellar medium through which the radio waves are propagated. Faraday rotation effects are observed and in conjunction with known thermal emission can be used to determine magnetic fields. The Zeeman effect, a direct method of determining magnetic fields, depends on the observation of the circular polarisation components of a spectral line. In this paper I describe the early polarisation observations of radio sources, but in addition I follow the developments through to the present day.
An Experimental Study of Liquid Jets Interacting with Cross Airflows

The primary break‐up of liquid jets in cross flows has been studied experimentally. An open‐circuit wind tunnel was employed in which the airflow was generated by a centrifugal fan. The test section, positioned 3 m downstream of the fan, was made of clear acrylic resin to allow optical access and visualization. The working liquid used in the present experiment was an aero‐engine lubrication oil, which was injected perpendicularly into the air flow, via a nozzle placed in the top wall of the test‐section. The study of the primary break‐up mechanisms of the jet involved three parameters, the oil viscosity, and the jet and air cross flow velocities, which were varied independently. Two different break‐up regimes were observed and identified; arcade break‐up and bag break‐up. These were separated by a transition zone. Transverse and longitudinal (or streamwise) penetrations of the jet before the liquid breakup were also measured. The correlation proposed by Wu et al. to predict the jet transverse penetration before the break‐up of the liquid, as a function of the liquid/airflow momentum‐flux ratio, was found to be applicable only to liquids with low viscosity. An empirical extension to this equation has been produced.
MICROPROPAGATION OF CALATHEA MEDALLION AN ORNAMENTAL PLANT

An n vitro arranged propagation was formed for micropropagation in specified lovely ornamental plant, Calathea medallion. In the present study, the outcome of numerous sterilization techniques on axillary shoot buds obtained from the explants which were sprouted from rhizomes giving the highest Survivor percentage 63.3% when treated with of 30% (v/v) NaOCl + 70% (v/v) ethanol + 1 g/l (w/v) HgCl2. Also the media supplemented with different concentrations of plant growth regulators on induction of shoots were examined, the highest number of multiple shoots 21.2 shoot/plant was obtained on MS basal Medium supplemented with 1, 5 mg/L 6-Benzylaminopurine (BAP) + 1,5 mg/L 1-Naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) + 30 g/L sucrose + 6 g/L plant agar and was used as multiplication medium. Test the effects of activated charcoal on the maximum roots induction 5.86 root/plant was recorded on MS medium supplemented with 1.5 mg/L Naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) + 1.5 mg/ L indole butyric acid (IBA). The plantlets were successfully acclimatized under greenhouse condition.
Vegetative propagation on some key malaria medicinal plants in Nigeria

Vegetative propagation studies on some key medicinal plants for malaria treatment in Nigeria were carried out. The identified plants are Azadirachta indica, venonia amygdalina andAgeratum conyzoides. Methods of harvesting plant parts by the enthomedicinal practitioners were observed to be injurious and could create enabling environment for plant pathogens. Result from vegetative propagation using 50 ppm indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) showed significant difference in response to the effect of IBA in rooting stem cuttings. From A. indica70% cuttings rooted, 30% died in treatment and in the control 10% rooted, while 90% died. From A. conyzoides 23.3% rooted and 76.7% died in treatment while none rooted in the control. V. amygdalina had 60% rooted and 40% died in treatment respectively. The control had 13.3%. Key words: Malaria, medicinal plants, conservation, Vernonia amygdalina, Ageratum conyzoides, Azadirachta indica.
Threshold Levels for Bromate Formation In Drinking Water

Abstract Ozone is a sufficiently strong oxidant to cause the oxidation of bromide ion and formation of bromate ion. In this study, bromate ion formation in a wide variety of drinking water sources was analyzed, with bromate ion formed in all sources under drinking water treatment conditions. Threshold levels for pH, bromide ion concentration, and ozone dose were found to be source-specific. Two non-linear empirical models were developed to predict bromate ion formation; these models are easy to use and require only several water quality and treatment variables. The models were tested against several literature data and a good simulation was found in other bench-scale tests, whereas the model tended to under-predict bromate ion formation in pilot-scale and full-scale programs.
A REVIEW OF CRITERIA OF FIT FOR HYDROLOGICAL MODELS

1PhD Scholar, Faculty of agriculture and environmental sciences, Universität Rostock, Germany 2Jounior Scientist, Sahasrara Earth services & Resources Ltd, Coimbatore, India 3Director, Water resources and environmental services department, Nairobi, Kenya 4PhD Scholar, Institute of water resources and water supply, TUHH Hamburg, Germany ---------------------------------------------------------------------***--------------------------------------------------------------------Abstract Hydrological model performance and its behavior is evaluated by comparison of observed and simulated variables. Mostly, the comparison is done between measured and simulated flows. Hydrologist use efficiency criteria to know the closeness of the observed and modelsimulated values. Correlation-based methods have been used widely to evaluate the model performance. These measures are sensitive to peak flows but insensitive for low flow values, due to these limitations Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency (E) and coefficient of determination (R2) can give better agreement even for very poor models. So different modifications to these criteria are presented in this study. This paper also emphasizes on different efficiency criteria, their pros and cons, and suitable conditions for each of the different efficiency criteria. In this study goodness of fit has been tested for three different scenarios, and it is recommended that the use of correlationbased measures alone for model evaluation is not suitable, it should be a combination of different efficiency criteria.
Methodology for Performance Evaluation of Dust Control Systems with an Application to Electrostatic Precipitators

A general methodology is presented that enables rigorous estimation of the total collection efficiency and the size distribution of particles penetrating dust control systems. This methodology assumes lognormal inlet particle-size distributions and can be used with fractional efficiency formulations that predict, under such conditions, lognormal outlet particle-size distributions. Multimodal inlet particle distributions can be accommodated additively. This methodology is applied to Electrostatic Precipitator Systems (ESPs), with the Nobrega et al. (2004) model selected for predicting their fractional efficiencies. For ease of use, a graphical solution has been developed for the Nobrega et al. fractional efficiency relations, but its availability is not a prerequisite for the application of the general methodology. For the latter, the fractional efficiencies corresponding to three particle diameters need to be estimated and this can be done either graphically or numerically using the model of Nobrega et al. or any other fractional efficiency formulation of interest. Fine particles emerge as the most important pollutant worldwide in terms of human health, creating thus the need for credible particle size-specific inventories. In line with the above, a generic and rigorous method, capable of producing size-specific emission estimates from uncontrolled and controlled sources, has been developed (Economopoulou and Economopoulos 2001). For controlled sources, this method relies on the development of easy to use models that predict the total efficiency and the lognormal size distribution of particles penetrating the control systems used. Such models have already been developed for dry cyclone separators (Economopoulou and Economopoulos 2002a, 2002b) and venturi scrubbers (Economopoulou and Harrison 2007a, 2007b). The present methodology extends the use of the inventory methodology to ESP-controlled sources and, in addition, it provides a generalized basis for covering other types of control systems with any fractional efficiency formulation considered appropriate.
Fast Imaging of Single Molecules and Nanoparticles by Wide‐Field Microscopy and Spectrally Resolved Confocal Microscopy

The dynamic photophysical behaviour of single Cy5maleimide molecules and core-shell (CdSe)ZnS quantum dots is compared. To this end a home-built fast and sensitive wide-field microscopy system and a scanning confocal microscope coupled to a spectrograph for spectral imaging are employed. The ability to measure time-resolved spectra of quantum dots is shown to be particularly useful in characterizing single quantum dots. The difference in blinking behaviour of single Cy5-maleimide molecules and (CdSe)ZnS quantum dots can be understood by their physical origin, i.e. the presence of a single ‘dark’ state in case of Cy5 versus a distribution of ‘dark’ states in case of (CdSe)ZnS. This intrinsic difference results in higher probabilities to find a quantum dot in a short-lived ( 0.2 s) state than a Cy5-mal molecule. Moreover, from a comparison to data in the literature, it was found that the lifetime of the ‘off’-state of the Cy5-mal molecule is longer than for the non derivatized Cy5 molecule.
Stabilization of a liquid-crystalline phase through noncovalent interaction with a polymer side chain

Le melange equimolaire d'un polyacrylate de carboxy-4p phenoxy-5 pentyle mesomorphe avec un benzoate de transstilbazolyle mesomorphe est miscible et presente une mesophase tres stable grâce a la formation d'un motif mesogene plus long via une liaison hydrogene entre les 2 molecules
Thermodynamic Parameters and Group Additivity Ring Corrections for Three- to Six-Membered Oxygen Heterocyclic Hydrocarbons

Ideal gas thermodynamic properties (ΔHf°298, S°298, and Cp(T), 300 ≤ T/K ≤ 1500) for 34 cyclic oxygenated hydrocarbons are calculated using the PM3 method, including 12 species on which data are not previously reported. Enthalpies of formation obtained using PM3 are further corrected by −1.642 + 0. 882ΔHf°298,PM3, which is obtained by comparison to experimentally-determined ΔHf°298 of 10 cyclic oxygenated hydrocarbon molecules. Enthalpies of formation (ΔHf°298, in kcal mol-1) and entropy (S°298, in cal mol-1 K-1) for 12 species are calculated as follows: −57.24 and 64.10 for 1,3-dioxetane, 25.08 and 61.36 for dioxirene, −4.62 and 68.16 for 1,2-dioxolene, −49.03 and 66.11 for 1,3-dioxolene, 16.72 and 68.21 for 1,2,3-trioxolene, −32.96 and 73.79 for 1,2-dioxane, −11.45 and 75.07 for 3,4-dihydro-1,2-dioxin, −57.44 and 72.62 for 2,4-dihydro-1,3-dioxin, −59.82 and 73.30 for 1,2,4-trioxane, −13.05 and 74.80 for 1,2,3-trioxane, −38.08 and 74.68 for 1,2,4-trioxene, and 9.14 and 74.68 for 1,2,3-trioxane, respectiv.
CLIMATIC SEVERITY VICTIMS OF UPSTREAM WATER PIRACY STRONGLY EVIDENCING INLAND WATER DEPLETION-CAUSED GLOBAL WARMING VIS-A-VIS COOLING

Since the 80’s, the northwestern and the southwestern parts of the tropical Bangladesh located in the downstream Ganges basin have been having summer temperature above 109°F and winter temperature as low as 37°F. Every year people, particularly, the infants die from heat-and cold-related diseases and hospitals become packed-up with the victims of severe climatic condition. The objective of this research is to find the reason for the appearances of the extreme climate in certain parts of the country. Water bodies being reservoirs of heat, the condition of the rivers and other surface water resources has been examined. It is found that the continued water piracy at the upstream from the downstream Bangladesh Ganges discharge, the major source of water for the northwestern and southwestern parts, has depleted surface water resources and sunken the down the groundwater table. About 60% evaporation of the massively extracted groundwater to make up for the surface water shortage goes to merely increase the relative humidity without causing rainfall. Summer time lingering high temperature and high humidity cause the severity of summer weather. In the absence of the virgin surface water bodies, there is little room for storing heat for wintertime warming. The entire Ganges basin loses at least 10 times the heat it used to store in the water-abundant days. Summertime maximum temperature, HDDs and CDDs are negatively and wintertime minimum temperature is positive correlated with the decline of the Ganges’s discharge. Indian Government has to decommission her dams and barrages to mitigate the sufferings of the downstream people in Bangladesh. The greatest implication of this research is the accountability of the anthropogenic actions-caused depleting inland water bodies through storing, distribution via multi-channeling, irrigation, industrial and domestic use, for the occurrences of global heating vis-a-vis cooling and not CO2 and other greenhouse gases accumulation in space. Immediate international actions are needed to end the episode.
Experimental Investigation of Friction Pressure Influence on the Characterizations of Friction Welding Joint for AISI 316

This study focuses on the effect of friction pressure on the welding joint strength of AISI 316. Single factor method was used to evaluate the influence of friction pressure, whilst the other conditions kept constant. The experimental data were achieved by temperature measurement using infrared thermometer and thermometer by touch, where hardness Hv10 and micro-hardness Hv0.1 realized along the axial direction, tensile test specimen with 8 mm effective diameter, scanning electronic microscopy (SEM) to observe tensile fracture surface and x-ray diffraction (XRD) to analyze the concentration of gamma iron. The results by high friction pressure provide increased temperature during friction and forging phase, elevated hardness and micro-hardness values at the welding center, improved ductility and ultimate tensile strength (UTS). Whilst the central region of tensile fracture seemed most ductile mode and presence of micro-porosities with different forms and dimensions, hence concentration of face centered cubic (FCC) structure of gamma iron clearly revealed at level of 111.
Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry Study on the Increase in the Amount of Pr Atoms for Cs-Ion-Implanted Pd/CaO Multilayer Complex with Deuterium Permeation

To investigate the nuclear transmutation of Cs into Pr reported in this journal by Iwamura and coworkers, we have measured the amount of Pr atoms in the range as low as ∼1×1010 cm-2 using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry for Cs-ion-implanted Pd/CaO multilayer complexes before and after deuterium permeation. The amount of Pr was initially at most 2.0×1011 cm-2 and it increased up to 1.6×1012 cm-2 after deuterium permeation. The increase in the amount of Pr could be explained neither by deuterium permeation-stimulated segregation of Pr impurities nor by external contamination from the experimental environment during the permeation. No increase in Pr was observed for permeation with hydrogen. These findings suggest that the observed increase in Pr with deuterium permeation can be attributed to a nuclear origin, as reported by Iwamura and coworkers, although the amount of the increase in Pr is two orders of magnitude less than that reported by them.
DEVELOPMENT OF THE CHARACTERISTIC DRYING CURVE FOR CASSAVA CHIPS IN MONOLAYER

ABSTRACT Drying kinetic curves and modelling for cassava chips were determined using a pilot-size air dryer. Operating conditions involved temperatures ranging from 35 to 90 ° C, air flow velocities from 0.5 to 2.0 m/ s, and air moisture content from 0.005 to 0.060 kg water/ kg dry air. Sorption isotherms at temperatures of 23, 45 and 60 ° C were obtained. Results for the drying experiments can be used to calculate the optimal drying conditions for dehydration of cassava roots in multilayers
Morphological and Genetic Characteristics of Zerdava, A Native Turkish Dog Breed [1][2]

Zerdava dogs are considered as one of the many native animal genetic resources of Turkey. However, the genetic characteristics of these dogs and detailed phenotypic studies related to them have not been reported yet. The aim of this study was to determine the morphological and genetic characteristics of Zerdava dogs. Blood samples (n = 100) were collected from Zerdava dogs. The morphological characteristics of these dogs were also taken. The mean live weights of Zerdava dogs were found to be 16.02±0.35 kg. The mean withers height, rump height and body length were measured as 48.20±0.21, 47.08±0.24 and 51.24±0.23 cm, respectively. According to the results of microsatellite markers, the mean FIS (inbreeding coefficient) value was documented as 0.0361±0.0003. Observed (Ho) and expected heterozygosity (He) values were found to be 0.708±0.091 and 0.694±0.077, respectively. In addition, the frequency of A018 (72%) and B001 (16%) haplotypes were high in Zerdava dogs. The mitochondrial DNA sequence results show that the majority of Zerdava dogs originate from two different maternal lines. According to the results, the phenotypic and genotypic variations of Zerdava dogs were low. Therefore, these results may suggest that Zerdava dogs may have been protected by local breeders and can be considered a separate breed.
Quantitative analysis of bulk samples without standards by using peak-to-background ratios

A method is described for the quantitative analysis of bulk specimens without standards by using peak-to-local background ratios in energy-dispersive electron probe microanalysis. Theoretical transport investigations have been used to derive an expression for the absolute determination of (P/B) ratios. Accurate measurement of the background below a peak is carried out without an exact knowledge of the surface geometry of the specimens. The advantages of this method are discussed in comparison with other correction procedures and the efficiency is demonstrated by means of quantitative analysis of nine binary specimens and two steel specimens.
Conformation of polydispersed chains grafted on nanoparticles

The conformations of polydispersed polymer chains grafted on nanoparticles (NPs) are investigated by coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulations. Combined with the geometric and steric features, we find that most results can be understood by analysing the excluded volume interaction condition of the accommodated chains. By controlling suitable NP size and grafting density, as well as designing a suitable route for preparing the grafted chains with controllable polydispersity and length, it is possible to obtain polymer chains with various conformations, which may be greatly helpful for improving the dispersion of the grafted NPs in the polymer matrix. These results shed light on improved designs of grafted NPs and a better control of dispersion in polymer matrices for promoting the performance of polymer nanocomposite materials.
Evaluating Bearberry Nitrogen Nutrition Using Hydroponic Cultures: Establishing Preliminary DRIS Norms

Abstract This study was designed to explore nitrogen (N) nutrition in bearberry plants (Arctostaphylos uva‐ursi L.) using a hydroponic culture system. Two experiments were performed in which the total N concentration (34, 52, and 73 mg L−1) and N‐NO3 −:N‐NH4 + ratio (50/50, 60/40, and 70/30 in %) in the nutrient solution were varied and effects on nutrient uptake [N, phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), and magnesium (Mg)] and foliar composition determined. Highest‐quality plants were yielded using a N level of 73 mg L−1 and a N‐NO3 −:N‐NH4 + ratio of 50/50. Standard nutrient values for foliar tissue were obtained for bearberry plants growing in these hydroponic cultures for their use as preliminary norms in the diagnosis and recommendation integrated system (DRIS). In a subsequent complementary experiment, these norms were used in the DRIS procedure and applied to plants growing in solutions of varying K concentrations. It was found that the DRIS norms established in the hydroponic experiments were able to account for changes in nutrient limiting factors produced in response to the varying K concentrations in the nutrient solution. The results obtained will be useful for the nutritional diagnosis of bearberry plants.