Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Pressure dependence of the Raman and infrared spectra of .alpha.-, .beta.-, .gamma.-, and .delta.-octahydro-1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocine

The Raman and infrared spectra reported of the . cap alpha. -, . beta. -, . gamma. -, and delta-polymorphs of HMX (octahydro-1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocine) under pressure using a diamond anvil cell (DAC). The stability to pressure or the pressure-induced phase transitions were determined for each polymorph. Sample pressures up to 10 kbar were used in the Raman experiments; infrared spectra were recorded at pressures up to 54 kbar. The observed behavior of the polymorphic forms is as follows: . beta. -HMX is stable up to 54 kbar and . cap alpha. -HMX is stable up to 42 kbar. gamma. -HMX converts to . beta. -HMX at 5.5 kbar, and delta-HMX converts to a mixture of . cap alpha. - and . beta. -HMX at pressures below 0.5 kbar. No new polymorphs were produced under pressure. An inverse relationship exists between temperature and pressure effects; the polymorph most stable at low temperature and having the smallest volume (.beta.-HMX) is the most stable at high pressure. The infrared spectra (600 to 1700 cm/sup -1/) of the solid HMX polymorphs at ambient pressure are reported for the first time without matrix effects. The -CH/sub 2/- and -NO/sub 2/ vibrational regions (>1200 cm/sup -1/) in the absence of the KBr matrix, and with the increased resolution obtained in the DAC, show minormore » differences from the KBr spectra reported in the literature. 2 tables, 6 figures. « less
Glioma-Induced Disruption of Resting-State Functional Connectivity and Amplitude of Low-Frequency Fluctuations in the Salience Network

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Cognitive challenges are prevalent in survivors of glioma, but their neurobiology is incompletely understood. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of glioma presence and tumor characteristics on resting-state functional connectivity and amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations of the salience network, a key neural network associated with cognition. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sixty-nine patients with glioma (mean age, 48.74 [SD, 14.32] years) who underwent resting-state fMRI were compared with 31 healthy controls (mean age, 49.68 [SD, 15.54] years). We identified 4 salience network ROIs: left/right dorsal anterior cingulate cortex and left/right anterior insula. Average salience network resting-state functional connectivity and amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations within the 4 salience network ROIs were computed. RESULTS: Patients with gliomas showed decreased overall salience network resting-state functional connectivity (P = .001) and increased amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations in all salience network ROIs (P < .01) except in the left dorsal anterior cingulate cortex. Compared with controls, patients with left-sided gliomas showed increased amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations in the right dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (P = .002) and right anterior insula (P < .001), and patients with right-sided gliomas showed increased amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations in the left anterior insula (P = .002). Anterior tumors were associated with decreased salience network resting-state functional connectivity (P < .001) and increased amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations in the right anterior insula, left anterior insula, and right dorsal anterior cingulate cortex. Patients with high-grade gliomas had decreased salience network resting-state functional connectivity compared with healthy controls (P < .05). The right anterior insula showed increased amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations in patients with grade II and IV gliomas compared with controls (P < .01). CONCLUSIONS: By demonstrating decreased resting-state functional connectivity and an increased amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations related to the salience network in patients with glioma, this study adds to our understanding of the neurobiology underpinning observable cognitive deficits in these patients. In addition to more conventional functional connectivity, amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations is a promising functional-imaging biomarker of tumor-induced vascular and neural pathology.
Nutrition in Disguise: Effects of Food Neophobia, Healthy Eating Interests and Provision of Health Information on Liking and Perceptions of Nutrient-Dense Foods in Older Adults

Older adults (60+ years) are at higher risk of malnutrition. Improving the nutrient-density of their diets is important but presents challenges due to the introduction of new ingredients, liking implications and heterogeneity of older consumers. Ten nutrient-enhanced foods were evaluated for liking (9-point hedonic scale) and sensory perception (check-all-that-apply) by 71 older adults. Three foods were re-evaluated after participants were provided with information about their healthy ingredients and benefits. Participants were also segmented based on their degrees of food neophobia and interests in healthy eating, using questionnaires. The results showed that eight foods had adequate sensory appeal (overall hedonic score of ≥6) to be pursued for residential care menus. Segmentation based on food neophobia and healthy eating interests did not yield any meaningful differences between groups. The effect of health information on liking for the overall sample and subgroups was product-specific: liking scores only increased for the raspberry banana smoothie in the overall test population and higher healthy eating interest subgroup. Health information may lead to the experience of more positive attributes in some foods. Overall, eight foods that were tested could be accepted by a wide range of consumers and providing them with health information may further improve acceptance.
Fluorinated epoxides as surface modifying agents of UV‐curable systems

Two commercially available epoxy-fluorinated monomers, 3-(perfluorooctyl)-1,2-propenoxide and 3-(1H, 1H, 9H-hexadecafluorononyloxyl)-1,2 propenoxide, were used as modifying additives for UV curable systems. These two fluorinated monomers were mixed, in small amounts (less than 1% w/w) with a hydrogenated epoxy monomer 1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol-diglycidyl ether. The mixtures were coated on glass substrate and UV-cured, giving rise to transparent films. Notwithstanding their very low concentrations, the fluorinated monomers caused a change in the surface properties of the films, without changing their curing conditions and their bulk properties. The air side of the coatings became highly hydrophobic, while the substrate side was unmodified. As shown by XPS measurements, the fluorinated monomers were able to concentrate selectively on the air side of the films, forming a fluorinated layer. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 89: 1524–1529, 2003
Reducing ammonia loss from urea and improving soil‐exchangeable ammonium retention through mixing triple superphosphate, humic acid and zeolite

Ammonia losses from soil following fertilization with urea may be large. This laboratory study compared the effect of four different, urea–triple superphosphate (TSP)–humic acid–zeolite, mixtures on NH3 loss, and soil ammonium and nitrate contents, with loss from surface‐applied urea without additives. The soil was a sandy clay loam Typic Kandiudult (Bungor Series). The mixtures significantly reduced NH3 loss by between 32 and 61% compared with straight urea (46% N) with larger reductions with higher rates of humic acid (0.75 and 1 g kg−1 of soil) and zeolite (0.75 and 1 g kg−1 of soil). All the mixtures of acidic P fertilizer, humic acid and zeolite with urea significantly increased soil NH4 and NO3 contents, increased soil‐exchangeable Ca, K and Mg, and benefited the formation of NH4 over NH3 compared with urea without additives. The increase in soil‐exchangeable cations, and temporary reduction of soil pH may have retarded urea hydrolysis in the microsite immediately around the fertilizer. It may be possible to improve the efficiency of urea surface‐applied to high value crops by the addition of TSP, humic acid and zeolite.
Nano Calcium-Aluminum Mixed Oxide: A Novel and Effective Material for Defluoridation of Drinking Water

In the present study nano calcium-aluminum mixed oxide material (NCAMO) was synthesized by solution combustion method in 1:1, 1:2, 4:1, 3:2 molar ratios of calcium and aluminum nitrates as oxidizers and urea as fuel for an efficient adsorption of fluoride from drinking water. Molar composition of 1:1 ratio was found to exhibit better adsorption properties and the same was characterized by XRD, FESEM, and FTIR. The optimized conditions for maximum adsorption capacity were achieved at pH4 with contact time of 4 hours by adding 1 g/L of NCAMO to initial fluoride concentration of 8 mg/L. The sorption of fluoride on NCAMO followed Langmuir isotherm model strongly suggested monolayer adsorption. The calculated equilibrium adsorption capacity 23.7 mg/g of NCAMO strongly suggests the dominance of monolayer adsorption process. The adsorption kinetics was well described by pseudo-second order equation confirming chemisorption.
Minimizing isotropic and deviatoric membrane energy – An unifying formation mechanism of different cellular membrane nanovesicle types

Tiny membrane-enclosed cellular fragments that can mediate interactions between cells and organisms have recently become a subject of increasing attention. In this work the mechanism of formation of cell membrane nanovesicles (CNVs) was studied experimentally and theoretically. CNVs were isolated by centrifugation and washing of blood cells and observed by optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The shape of the biological membrane in the budding process, as observed in phospholipid vesicles, in erythrocytes and in CNVs, was described by an unifying model. Taking the mean curvature h and the curvature deviator d of the membrane surface as the relevant parameters, the shape and the distribution of membrane constituents were determined theoretically by minimization of membrane free energy. Considering these results and previous results on vesiculation of red blood cells it was interpreted that the budding processes may lead to formation of different types of CNVs as regards the compartment (exo/endovesicles), shape (spherical/tubular/torocytic) and composition (enriched/depleted in particular kinds of molecules). It was concluded that the specificity of pinched off nanovesicles derives from the shape of the membrane constituents and not primarily from their chemical identity, which explains evidences on great heterogeneity of isolated extracellular vesicles with respect to composition.
Exploring Indonesian mothers' perspective on anemia during pregnancy: A qualitative approach

Background: Anemia is a major problem experienced during pregnancy in Indonesia due to its effect on mothers and babies. Hence, various interventions have been implemented, but a significant reduction in the prevalence of anemia has not been attained. The present study, therefore, aims to investigate the perceptions of anemia among pregnant women in Aceh to design culturally relevant interventions.Methods: This qualitative study collected data from 24 pregnant women in Aceh Besar District, Indonesia, through focus group discussions (FGDs). Data were analyzed using the inductive content analysis (ICA) method.Results: Five themes emerged from the experiences of pregnant women with anemia: (1) anemia during pregnancy is perceived as a woman’s destiny, (2) there is a lack of knowledge related to clinical indicators of anemia, (3) there is a traditional taboo related to anemia, (4) the husband and family provide support related to preventing anemia, and (5) there is a need for cultural and religious-based health counseling.Conclusions: Interventions should be designed to provide health information on anemia in Aceh that considers the local knowledge, beliefs and values, combined with medical elements. This intervention will likely change the perceptions of pregnant women about anemia to ensure that they are able to better maintain their pregnancy. Furthermore, the implementation of programs to support pregnant women with anemia should ensure that health workers are adequately trained in cultural competency and are able to understand the needs of pregnant women.
Dynamic tensile testing of sheet metal

The testing of sheet metal at high strain rates requires the use of the SHPB set-up. This technique provides satisfactory results as far as the compression and shear are concerned. A modified SHPB set-up is presented here, which extends the scope of this technique to the tensile loading of sheet metals. In this case, many measurement problems arise due to the way in which the specimen is connected to the bars, which never completely prevents unexpected slipping and is liable to induce interference waves due to an impedance mismatch. The technique described here was based on the hat specimen technique proposed by Lindholm [1]. A two-dimensional hat shaped specimen is subjected to compression loading. A tensile state is induced in a symmetrically necked area, where higher strains are concentrated. Connecting supports of an appropriate shape are attached to the bars. They have the same impedance as that of the bars to avoid the occurrence of any interference waves. The hat shape prevents sliding, and to ensure perfect initial contact conditions, the complete system is elastically pre-stressed. A special method of wave analysis is then used to determine the forces and displacements occurring at the specimen ends from the strain signals recorded in the bars.
Mindful Ethical Practice and Resilience Academy: Equipping Nurses to Address Ethical Challenges.

BACKGROUND Ethical challenges in clinical practice significantly affect frontline nurses, leading to moral distress, burnout, and job dissatisfaction, which can undermine safety, quality, and compassionate care. OBJECTIVES To examine the impact of a longitudinal, experiential educational curriculum to enhance nurses' skills in mindfulness, resilience, confidence, and competence to confront ethical challenges in clinical practice. METHODS A prospective repeated-measures study was conducted before and after a curricular intervention at 2 hospitals in a large academic medical system. Intervention participants (192) and comparison participants (223) completed study instruments to assess the objectives. RESULTS Mindfulness, ethical confidence, ethical competence, work engagement, and resilience increased significantly after the intervention. Resilience and mindfulness were positively correlated with moral competence and work engagement. As resilience and mindfulness improved, turnover intentions and burnout (emotional exhaustion and depersonalization) decreased. After the intervention, nurses reported significantly improved symptoms of depression and anger. The intervention was effective for intensive care unit and non-intensive care unit nurses (exception: emotional exhaustion) and for nurses with different years of experience (exception: turnover intentions). CONCLUSIONS Use of experiential discovery learning practices and high-fidelity simulation seems feasible and effective for enhancing nurses' skills in addressing moral adversity in clinical practice by cultivating the components of moral resilience, which contributes to a healthy work environment, improved retention, and enhanced patient care.
Isolation of Neuroprotective Anthocyanins from Black Chokeberry (Aronia melanocarpa) against Amyloid-β-Induced Cognitive Impairment

Black chokeberry (Aronia melanocarpa) fruits are rich in anthocyanins, which are vital secondary metabolites that possess antioxidative properties. The aim of this study was to isolate and purify the anthocyanins from black chokeberry by simulated moving bed (SMB) chromatography, and to investigate the neuroprotective effect of SMB purified anthocyanin against Aβ-induced memory damage in rats. The parameters of the SMB process were studied and optimized. Anthocyanin extracts were identified by HPLC and UPLC-QTOF-MS, and antioxidant abilities were evaluated. The Aβ-induced animal model was established by intracerebral ventricle injection in rat brain. Through the SMB purification, anthocyanins were purified to 85%; cyanidin 3-O-galactoside and cyanidin 3-O-arabinoside were identified as the main anthocyanins by UPLC-QTOF-MS. The SMB purified anthocyanins exhibited higher DPPH and ABTS free radical scavenging abilities than the crude anthocyanins extract. Furthermore, rats receiving SMB purified anthocyanins treatment (50 mg/kg) showed improved spatial memory in a Morris water maze test, as well as protection of the cells in the hippocampus against Aβ toxicity. These results demonstrate that anthocyanins could serve as antioxidant and neuroprotective agents, with potential in the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease.
Mental Health Issues among Caregivers of Young Children in Rural China: Prevalence, Risk Factors, and Links to Child Developmental Outcomes

Previous research has found that there are high rates of mental health problems among caregivers in rural China and that caregiver mental health may be a significant predictor of developmental delays among infants and toddlers in these rural areas. In this paper, we use data from a survey of 986 caregiver-child pairs in rural China to examine the risk factors of caregiver mental health and measure the association between caregiver mental health and child development outcomes. To conduct the empirical analysis, we assess caregiver mental health using the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales-21 (DASS-21) questionnaire and measure child developmental outcomes using the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Developmental Third Edition (Bayley-III). The results show that 32% of caregivers have depressive symptoms, 42% have anxiety symptoms, and 30% have symptoms of stress. The data also demonstrate that caregiver identity and age as well as different measures of socioeconomic status (SES) (characterized by caregiver education, father’s education, and household wealth) are all significantly linked to symptoms of caregiver mental health problems. The analysis shows that caregiver depression, anxiety, and/or stress are significantly associated with lower early childhood development (ECD) outcomes in all areas measured (cognition, language, social-emotion, and motor skills). The heterogeneous analysis demonstrates that there are differences in the effects of caregiver mental health problems on ECD among households are from families that are endowed with different levels of SES. On the basis of the findings the study concludes that policymakers should pay more attention to caregiver mental health problems in order to improve child developmental outcomes in rural China. The study cannot, however, draw casual conclusions and cannot rule out the possibility of recall bias when measuring caregiver mental health, which may limit the external validity of the findings.
The Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices’ Updated Interim Recommendation for Allocation of COVID-19 Vaccine — United States, December 2020

The first vaccines for prevention of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in the United States were authorized for emergency use by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) (1) and recommended by the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) in December 2020. * However, demand for COVID-19 vaccines is expected to exceed supply during the first months of the national COVID-19 vaccination program. ACIP advises CDC on population groups and circumstances for vaccine use. † On December 1, ACIP recommended that 1) health care personnel§ and 2) residents of long-term care facilities¶ be offered COVID-19 vaccination first, in Phase 1a of the vaccination program (2). On December 20, 2020, ACIP recommended that in Phase 1b, vaccine should be offered to persons aged ≥75 years and frontline essential workers (non-health care workers), and that in Phase 1c, persons aged 65-74 years, persons aged 16-64 years with high-risk medical conditions, and essential workers not recommended for vaccination in Phase 1b should be offered vaccine. ** These recommendations for phased allocation provide guidance for federal, state, and local jurisdictions while vaccine supply is limited. In its deliberations, ACIP considered scientific evidence regarding COVID-19 epidemiology, ethical principles, and vaccination program implementation considerations. ACIP's recommendations for COVID-19 vaccine allocation are interim and might be updated based on changes in conditions of FDA Emergency Use Authorization, FDA authorization for new COVID-19 vaccines, changes in vaccine supply, or changes in COVID-19 epidemiology.
Social representations and interface layout: A new way of enhancing persuasive technology applied to organ donation

Although campaigns promoting organ donation have proved their effectiveness, increasing the number of people who explicitly agree to become donors is still difficult. Based on the social marketing notion of persuasive technology, we reasoned that it was timely to focus on the design of this persuasive technology and to analyze its contribution in particularly challenging contexts such as organ donation. More specifically, the originality of the present study lay in the way we linked the field of persuasive technology to the theory of social representations, and combined them with an analysis of the ergonomic aspects of interface layout. This study had two complementary goals. The first was to determine whether the sociocognitive salience of the central elements of social representations (i.e., the most frequent and important themes related to the subject—here, organ donation—for individuals), can be used to achieve persuasive outcomes. The second was to determine whether interface layout, in terms of information location and background characteristics (color and contrast), can strengthen the persuasive impact. University students (N > 200) were exposed to a computer screen displaying a message involving either central or peripheral elements of the social representations of organ donation (status), placed either in the middle or on one side of the screen (location), and shown against either a white or a blue background (background). Eye-tracking data were recorded, in addition to self-reported data. In line with the elaboration likelihood model, results showed that participants who were exposed to central (vs. peripheral) elements of the social representations of organ donation followed the central route in processing information. Moreover, they had stronger attitudes, and more of them stated that they were actual organ donors. Importantly, however, at least for some variables, these status-related effects were not independent of the interface layout. More specifically, the persuasive impact of the central elements was enhanced when the information was displayed in the middle (vs. the side) of the screen and when it was displayed on a white (vs. blue) background. We discuss the theoretical and practical issues raised by these results.
Synthesis and Properties of a Thermo-/Light-Sensitive Hydrogel

A newly developed water-soluble azobenzene-containing monomer, 4-(4-((4- ethoxyphenyl)diazenyl)phenoxy)-N-(2-(methacryloyloxy)ethyl)-N,N-dimethylbutan-1-aminium bromide (assigned to M), was synthesized, and then a thermo-/light-sensitive gel was prepared by copolymerization of M and N-isopropylacrylamide. The properties of the gel were subsequently investigated by DSC, UV-vis, and gravimetry. The results showed that the copolymer hydrogel had a very quickly tran-cis photoisomerization rate upon UV irradiation. The critical solution temperature (CST) of the copolymer hydrogel could be toned by the M content and U, did also of the swelling ability.