Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Assessing intentions for a third child among Chinese adults: A nationwide online survey regarding China’s 3-child policy

Aging populations, along with low fertility rates, have become a pervasive world-wide problem. To address this challenge, China issued a universal 3-child policy on May 31, 2021. However, little is known regarding the intentions of childbearing-aged Chinese for a third child. The purpose of this study was to assess the fertility intentions of the Chinese as related to this third-child policy and identify risk factors for third-child refusal. In this cross-sectional study, a total of 2129 Chinese childbearing-aged participants were recruited nationwide from June 15 to July 22, 2021. Each participant was interviewed using questionnaires to establish their sociodemographic variables, psychosocial factors as related to third-child intentions, and reasons for third-child refusal. Finally, 2115 responses (866 men and 1249 women) were analyzed. IBM SPSS Statistical Software (version 19) was used for the statistical analyses. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to assess independent influences for third-child refusal. Approximately 30% of these participants reported an intention for having a third child. In those expressing a refusal for a third child, women showed a higher prevalence rate (74.1 vs 63.2%, P < .001). Results from multivariate logistic regression analyses revealed that age (P = .033), unemployment (P = .045), and currently raising 2 children (P = .017) were risk factors for third-child refusal among men, while age (P < .001), >15 years of education (P = .017), current smokers (P = .005) and residing in Northern China (P = .035) were risk factors for women. Overall, increased demands upon time and energy (41.5%), as well as economic burdens (41.4%), were the most prevalent reasons for the refusal of a third child, while achieving mutual care among siblings (52.5%) and reducing child educational costs (33.3%) were the most effective persuasions. In response to the 3-child policy, Chinese childbearing-aged adults showed low rates of intention for a third child, with women showing a higher prevalence of third-child refusal. The identification of risk factors and the reasons for third-child refusal as revealed from the results of this study provide a foundation for the development of programs needed to aid in the implementation of this 3-child policy.
Estimation of poverty bounds for Pakistan using synthetic panel data

Poverty is a big threat to prosperity in developing countries like Pakistan. Alleviating poverty needs concerted efforts including how to measure and analyze poverty. Therefore, this paper employs synthetic panel technique and uses repeated cross-sections household survey dataset (Household Integrated and Economic Survey (HIES)) of Pakistan for 2010–11 and 2015–16, to derive poverty bounds for Pakistan. The findings of the paper suggest that 17% of population still remains in poverty in 2015–16 as they were in 2010–11. They don’t move in or out of poverty. In the same periods 19% population affected by poverty. The 2.5% poor’s of 2010–11 moves out of poverty in 2015–16. This constitutes the first attempt to provide an insight into poverty dynamics in Pakistan using the available survey data.
The uptake of WHO-recommended birth preparedness and complication readiness messages during pregnancy and its determinants among Ethiopian women: A multilevel mixed-effect analyses of 2016 demographic health survey

Background Birth preparedness and complication readiness (BPCR) is a package of interventions recommended by the World Health Organization to improve maternal and newborn health and it is provided and implemented through a focused antenatal care program. This study aimed at assessing the uptake of birth preparedness and complication readiness messages, and compliance with each key message, among Ethiopian women during their recent pregnancies using the 2016 demographic health survey report. Methods The data for this study was taken from the Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey, which was conducted from January to June 2016 and covered all administrative regions. STATA version 16 was used to analyze a total of 4,712 (with a weighted frequency of 4,771.49) women. A multilevel mixed-effects logistic, and multilevel mixed-effect negative binomial regressions were fitted, respectively. Adjusted odds ratio (AOR) and Incidence rate ratio (IRR) with their corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI) were used to report significant determinants. Results More than half, 56.02% [95% CI: 54.58, 57.41] of women received at least one birth preparedness and complication readiness message. Being in the richest wealth quintiles (AOR = 2.33; 95% CI: 1.43, 3.73), having two birth/s in the last five years (AOR = 1.54; 95% CI: 1.13, 2.10), receiving four or more antenatal visits(AOR = 3.33; 95% CI: 2.49, 4.45), and reading a newspaper at least once a week (AOR = 1.27; 95% CI: 1.07, 1.65) were the individual‑level factors, whereas regions and residence(AOR = 1.54; 95% CI: 1.11, 1.96) were the community-level factors associated with the uptake of at least one BPCR message. On the other hand, receiving four or more antenatal visits (IRR = 2.78; 95% CI: 2.09, 3.71), getting permission to go to a health facility (IRR = 1.29; 95% CI: 1.028, 1.38), and not covered by health insurance schemes (IRR = 0.76; 95% CI: 0.68, 0.95) were identified as significant predictors of receiving key birth preparedness and complication readiness messages. Conclusion The overall uptake of the WHO-recommended birth readiness and complication readiness message and compliance with each message in Ethiopia was found to be low. Managers and healthcare providers in the health sector must work to increase the number of antenatal visits. Policymakers should prioritize the implementation of activities and interventions that increase women’s autonomy in decision-making, job opportunity, and economic capability to enhance their health-seeking behavior. The local administrative bodies should also work to enhance household enrollment in health insurance schemes.
The MRI features of renal inflammatory pseudotumor: A case report and literature review

Rationale: Inflammatory pseudotumor is rare observed in renal immunoglobulin G4-related disease. Patient concerns: A 65-year-old female presented with a mass in the right kidney which was found in physical examination. Diagnoses: Based on the imaging findings and clinical manifestations, we preliminarily judged that the mass of the right kidney was renal cell carcinoma. Interventions: The patient finally underwent total nephrectomy. Outcomes: The final result of microscopic pathological examination is renal inflammatory pseudotumor. Lessons: There are some characteristics on magnetic resonance imaging of renal inflammatory pseudotumor, which can improve diagnosis rate by combining with medical history and clinical manifestations.
Strongly shocked interstellar gas in IC 443. I: High-resolution molecular observations

The density and velocity structures of shocked interstellar gas in the supernova remnant IC 443 are studied through interferometric (OVRO) and single dish (CSO) observations of the CO (J=1-0) and (2-1) line emissions. At 3″-5″ angular resolution, the shock front breaks up into compact emission regions of size scale 10″-20″. The temperature, CO optical depth, CO to H I ratio, and CO to H 2 S(I) line surface brightness ratio vary greatly between the separate emission regions
Impact of lead exposure on the thyroid glands of individuals living in high- or low-lead exposure areas

Ecuador was an endemic area for iodine deficiency; however, due to the population consumption of iodized table salt, the country is nowadays considered iodine sufficient. Despite the population consumption of iodized salt for more than 50 years, the prevalence of hypothyroidism has increased in recent years. A similar increment has been reported for thyroid cancer (TC) becoming the second most common cancer in women and seventh most common cancer in men. High blood lead (BPb) level is a controversial causal factor for impaired thyroid function as well as a debated environmental cause for the increased incidence of TC. To study the association between BPb and thyroid function, anti-thyroid peroxidase (anti-TPO) and anti-thyroglobulin (anti-Tg) antibodies, and the presence of benign and malignant thyroid nodules in Ecuadorian individuals living in high lead exposure (HE) areas compared with those living in low lead exposure (LE) area. We evaluated 197 euthyroid individuals: 70 from Esmeraldas (close to a petrol refinery) and 27 from La Victoria de Pujilí (Pb-glazing ceramics), considered HE areas, and 100 from Quito, considered the LE area. In parallel, we evaluated 187 patients with hypothyroidism (60, 27, and 100 patients from Esmeraldas, Pujilí, and Quito, respectively). BPb was detected using atomic absorption spectroscopy, while thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), free-thyroxine (FT4), and autoantibodies were measured using chemiluminescence assays. Thyroid ultrasonography was performed in 300 individuals and fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNA) was performed only when required based on the guidelines of the American Thyroid Association. The BPb levels (mean ± SD) in the HE areas were increased (8.5 ± 7.4) than those in the LE area (3.2 ± 2.4, P < .001). No significant associations were observed between BPb and TSH, FT4, or thyroid antibody levels. Enlarged thyroid glands and larger thyroid nodules were primarily observed in HE areas. Just 1 TC was observed. High BPb levels detected in HE areas were not associated with thyroid function or thyroid autoantibodies; however, increased thyroid size and numbers of thyroid nodules were observed, demanding further actions to control lead contamination in these Ecuadorian areas.
Accuracy of GPS Positioning from Local to Regional Scales: A Unified Prediction Model

Abstract Various mathematical models are available to predict the accuracy of GPS static positioning. Among them, one kind deals with GPS baselines ranging from 30 to 300 km while the other one is used to perform the prediction over baselines from 300 to 3000 km. In this study, we combined the two models into one to predict the accuracy of GPS static positioning from a unified model. The results from the new model agree with the results derived from the previous models in a few mm level.
ON TESTING FOR SERIAL CORRELATION WITH A WAVELET-BASED SPECTRAL DENSITY ESTIMATOR IN MULTIVARIATE TIME SERIES

A new one-sided test for serial correlation in multivariate time series models is proposed. The test is based on a comparison between a multivariate spectral density estimator and the spectral density under the null hypothesis of no serial correlation. Duchesne and Roy (2004, Journal of Multivariate Analysis 89, 148–180) considered a multivariate kernel-based spectral density estimator. However, when the spectral density exhibits irregular features (because of strong autocorrelation or seasonality, among other factors), it is expected that a multivariate wavelet-based spectral density estimator will capture more effectively the local behavior of the spectral density. We consider a test based on a wavelet spectral density estimator, which represents a generalization of a test proposed by Lee and Hong (2001, Econometric Theory 17, 386–423). The asymptotic distribution of the new test is established under the null hypothesis, which is N(0,1). We propose and justify a suitable data-driven method to choose the smoothing parameter of the wavelet estimator (called the finest scale in that context). The new test should be powerful when the spectral density contains peaks or bumps. This is confirmed in a simulation study, where kernel-based and wavelet-based estimators are compared.The author thanks the co-editor Pentti Saikkonen and two referees for their constructive remarks and suggestions. Many thoughtful comments of the referees led to significant improvements of the paper. This work was supported by grants from the National Science and Engineering Research Council of Canada and the Fonds québécois de la recherche sur la nature et les technologies du Québec (Canada).
A non-linear curvature wavefront sensor reconstruction speed and the broadband design

In this paper we explain why a non-linear curvature wavefront sensor (nlCWFS) is more sensitive than conventional wavefront sensors such as the Shack Hartmann wavefront sensor (SHWFS) and the conventional curvature wavefront sensor (cCWFS) for sensing mV < 14 natural guide stars. The non-linear approach builds on the successful curvature wavefront sensing concept but uses a non-linear Gerchberg-Saxton (GS) phase diversity algorithm to reconstruct the wavefront. The nonlinear reconstruction algorithm is an advantage for sensitivity but a challenge for fast computation. The current speed is a factor of 10 to 100 times slower than needed for high performance groundbased AO. We present a two step strategy to increase the speed of the algorithm. In the last paper3 we presented laboratory results obtained with a monochromatic source, here we extend our experiment to incorporate a broadband source. The sensitivity of the nlCWFS depends on the ability to extract wavefront phase from diffraction limited speckles therefore it is essential that the speckles do not suffer from chromatic aberration when used with a polychromatic source. We discuss the design for the chromatic re-imaging optics, which through chromatic compensation, allow us to obtain diffraction limited speckles in Fresnel propagated planes on either side of the pupil plane.
Changes in convective properties over the solar cycle: effect on p‐mode damping rates

Measurements of both solar irradiance and p-mode oscillation frequencies indicate that the structure of the Sun changes with the solar cycle. Balmforth, Gough & Merryfield investigated the effect of symmetrical thermal disturbances on the solar structure and the resulting pulsation frequency changes. They concluded that thermal perturbations alone cannot account for the variations in both irradiance and p-mode frequencies, and that the presence of a magnetic field affecting acoustical propagation is the most likely explanation of the frequency change, in the manner suggested earlier by Gough & Thompson and by Goldreich et al. Numerical simulations of Boussinesq convection in a magnetic field have shown that at high Rayleigh number the magnetic field can modify the preferred horizontal length scale of the convective flow. Here, we investigate the effect of changing the horizontal length scale of convective eddies on the linewidths of the acoustic resonant mode peaks observed in helioseismic power spectra. The turbulent fluxes in these model computations are obtained from a time-dependent, non-local generalization of the mixing-length formalism. The modelled variations are compared with p-mode linewidth changes revealed by the analysis of helioseismic data collected by the Birmingham Solar-Oscillations Network (BiSON); these low-degree (low-l) observations cover the complete falling phase of solar activity cycle 22. The results are also discussed in the light of observations of solar-cycle variations of the horizontal size of granules and with results from 2D simulations by Steffen of convective granules.
Anxiety, depression and global distress among African American young adults with uncontrolled asthma

Abstract Background Anxiety and depression are mental health disorders that are often comorbid with asthma. Urban African American young adults with asthma often experience increased risk of anxiety and depression. Objective To explore relationships between symptoms of psychological distress and asthma-related anxiety with asthma outcomes among urban African American young adults with poorly controlled persistent asthma. Methods A secondary analysis of baseline data from a larger study of 141 African American young adults with uncontrolled persistent asthma was examined. Participants completed the Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI-18), Youth Asthma-related Anxiety Scale, Asthma Control Test (ACT), a daily diary to assess asthma symptoms; and number of asthma attacks. Spirometry assessed airway obstruction. Generalized linear models tested associations. Results In multivariable models testing, higher somatization scores were significantly associated with lower ACT scores (adjusted β = −0.49; 95% CI = −0.69, −0.28; p < 0.01), and higher symptoms (adjusted β = 0.39; 95% CI = 0.14, 0.65; p < 0.01). After adding asthma-related anxiety to the model, the somatization subscale and asthma-related anxiety were significantly associated with ACT scores (adjusted β = −0.36; 95% CI = −0.57, −0.15; p < 0.01), (adjusted β = −0.32; 95% CI = −0.50, −0.14; p < 0.01), respectively. Asthma-related anxiety was also significantly associated with asthma attacks (adjusted β = 0.24; 95% CI = 0.05, 0.43; p < 0.05). Conclusion This study suggests, asthma-related anxiety may differ from general anxiety and be related to poorly controlled asthma among African American young adults.
Dissecting the molecular features of bovine-arrested eight-cell embryos using single-cell multi-omics sequencing

Abstract The regulation of mammalian early-embryonic development is a complex, coordinated process that involves widespread transcriptomic and epigenetic remodeling. The main cause of developmental failure in preimplantation embryos after in vitro fertilization is the irreversible arrested-at-cleavage stage. To deepen our understanding of this embryonic block, we profiled a single-cell multi-omics map of copy number variations (CNVs), the transcriptome, the DNA methylome, and the chromatin state of bovine eight-cell embryos with a two-cell fate that either arrested or developed into blastocysts. To do this, we sequenced a biopsied blastomere and tracked the developmental potential of the remaining cells. Aneuploid embryos inferred by CNVs from DNA- and RNA-library data tended to lose their developmental potency. Analysis of distinct genomic regions of DNA methylation and chromatin accessibility revealed that enrichment of gene function and signaling pathways, such as the MAPK signaling pathway, was altered in arrested euploid eight-cell embryos compared with blastocyst-developed euploid eight-cell embryos. Moreover, the RNA expression and chromatin accessibility of embryonic genome activation-associated genes were lower in arrested euploid embryos than in blastocyst-developed embryos. Taken together, our results indicate that the developmental block of eight-cell embryos can be caused by multiple molecular layers, including CNVs, abnormality of DNA methylation and chromatin accessibility, and insufficient expression of embryonic genome activation-associated genes. Our integrated and comprehensive data set provides a valuable resource to further dissect the exact mechanisms underlying the arrest of bovine eight-cell embryos in vitro. Summary Sentence Single-cell biopsy and omics technology reveal that the arrest of bovine eight-cell embryos in vitro involves multi-faceted challenges, including CNVs, abnormal DNA methylation and chromatin accessibility, and insufficient expression of EGA genes. Graphical Abstract https://tidbitapp.io/tidbits/dissecting-the-molecular-features-of-bovine-arrested-eight-cell-embryos-using-single-cell-multi-omics-sequencing-9ea06d4e-2288-4849-9969-4eb6d13e80cf
Effects of increased acoustic phonon deformation potential and surface roughness scattering on quasi-ballistic transport in ultrascaled Si-MOSFETs

It is a common view that ballistic transport is enhanced by channel length scaling because of a decreased scattering number. On the other hand, the acoustic phonon (AP) scattering rate is higher in silicon-on-insulator (SOI) MOSFETs than in bulk Si-MOSFETs; moreover, surface roughness (SR) scattering caused by spatial fluctuation of quantized subbands emerges in extremely scaled SOI channels. Therefore, the influences of these scattering mechanisms on ballistic transport in ultrathin-body Si-MOSFETs are examined in this paper using a Monte Carlo simulation technique. First of all, the effect of increased AP scattering rate on the drain current and ballistic efficiency is found to be negligible. Furthermore, contrary to the common view, ballistic transport in double-gate MOSFETs is shown to be degraded when the channel length decreases to less than 10 nm, mainly owing to SR scattering intensified by the spatial fluctuation of quantized subbands. The gate and drain bias voltage dependencies of ballistic efficiency are also discussed.
Mediating the performance of social organizations in context of social and organizational innovations in China

Social and organizational innovations are one of the most effective ways to gain social collaboration for effective, rapid, and coordinated interventions. An analysis of the relationship among organizational performance (OP), social innovations (SI) and organizational innovation (OI) in social organizations (SOs) is little discussed in the literature and much less with main component analysis. This paper is an effort to provide some empirical evidences about social and organizational innovations that social organizations in China have implemented to address the social issues of the society. A survey of Chinese SO’s is conducted during beginning two months of 2022 in provinces of Jiangsu, Guangdong and Zhejiang to attain the statistics and assessing the insights of the executives of the SOs participating in this study with respect to organizational performance, social and organizational innovations. The technique used to select the sample is a non-probabilistic sampling and multiple linear regression model is applied to determine the partial impact of organizational innovations and social innovations on the organizational performance. The grouping of the variables is carried out through main components analysis. The empirical findings of the study highlight that Chinese SOs are innovative because they adopt management strategies to address the social issues associated with their institutional mission. There are four groups of derived components from organizational and social innovations based on the empirical evidence: SO’s innovative activities to modify the environment; inside innovative measures to enhance SO’s performance; innovative activities of SO’s to enhance their relationships with outside actors; innovative measures to improve the management of SOs related to their mission and institutional projects. The findings of this study offer an efficient solution to government and policy makers for involving SOs in terms of planning of social development in China. The social and organizational innovations are very necessary to overcome the social issues so government should encourage the establishment and sustainability of social organizations.