Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Fine‐scale population structure within an Eastern Nearctic snake complex (Pituophis melanoleucus)

Understanding the processes and mechanisms that promote lineage divergence is a central goal in evolutionary biology. For instance, studies investigating the spatial distribution of genomic variation often highlight biogeographic barriers underpinning geographic isolation or patterns of isolation by environment and isolation by distance that can also lead to lineage divergence. However, the patterns and processes that shape genomic variation and drive lineage divergence may be taxon‐specific, even across closely related taxa co‐occurring within the same biogeographic region. Here, we use molecular data in the form of ultraconserved elements (UCEs) to infer the evolutionary relationships and population genomic structure of the Eastern Pinesnake complex (Pituophis melanoleucus)—a polytypic wide‐ranging species that occupies much of the Eastern Nearctic. In addition to inferring evolutionary relationships, population genomic structure and gene flow, we also test relationships between genomic diversity and putative barriers to dispersal, environmental variation, and geographic distance. We present results that reveal shallow population genomic structure and ongoing gene flow, despite an extensive geographic range that transcends geographic features found to reduce gene flow among many taxa, including other squamate reptiles within the Eastern Nearctic. Further, our results indicate that the observed genomic diversity is spatially distributed as a pattern of isolation by distance and suggest that the current subspecific taxonomy do not adhere to independent lineages, but, rather, show a significant amount of admixture across the entire P. melanoleucus range.
VALIDITY OF MALNUTRITION UNIVERSAL SCREENING TOOL (MUST) IN GERIATRIC PATIENTS: APPROPRIATE SCREENING TOOL IN HOSPITAL; MUST OR FULL-MNA?

Background: Since malnutrition of geriatric hospitalized patients has an impact on treatment and care management, the aim was to define the accuracy of Malnutrition Universal Screening Test (MUST) for malnutrition screening in the Iranian hospitalized elderly. Methods: In this cross-sectional study elderly 60 ≥ years (N= 192) were selected from two hospitals, anthropometric measures (BMI, MAC, and CC), laboratory test (Albumin), and nutrition tool (Full-MNA) applied and analyzed at P<0.05 level. Results: Elderly participants had a mean age of 68.86 ± 7.46 years and BMI 24.08± 4.64. Elderly patients (28%) lost their weight (>10%) in the last six months and loss of appetite observed in (33.4%) participants. In MUST tool rating, high-risk elderly patients for malnutrition were 33.3%. The AUC for MUST, according to Full-MNA was obtained 90.41%, with sensitivity 90.0% and specificity 73.25%. The MUST showed the strongest correlation with Full-MNA (r = -0.7) and BMI (r = - 0.51); but, the lowest correlation observed with Alb (r= -0.274). Most AUC was belonging to weight loss (0.96) and BMI (0.94). NConclusion: The MUST tool like full-MNA could diagnose malnutrition in geriatric patients in the hospital setting.
Comparison of Polish Versus American Lightning Records

A complete extension of [26] assembles 50 curves of the percentage frequencies against the crest values of the lightning currents. These curves are collected from 35 publications and from numerous letters exchanged with research workers. However, only about 30 curves could be presented in this paper. We chose all available American curves and two curves from the Polish most precise records. Polish curve 1' is presented as relatively precise. The oldest American results are spoiled by enormous errors. Four sources of errors had been stated in [26], and two others have been presently added. Old current values are frequently too small by a factor of about 2. Nevertheless, some American curves are not far from the Polish curves. Corrections have been applied to the most important American curves. Afterwards a comparison of curves for the rates of the rise of lightning currents obtained in Poland, in the U.S.A. , and in some other countries have been presented. Values about 100 kA/? s are not rare in Poland. Several causes of great errors in former values which were too small have been explained. Some controversies and doubts have been dealt with. Some newer results conform with the Polish curve.
Series power quality compensator for voltage sags, swells, harmonics and unbalance

This paper deals with a static analysis and implementation of the control scheme for a three-phase series power quality compensator (SPQC) to mitigate voltage sags and swells, reduce voltage harmonics and eliminate voltage unbalance. The SPQC consists of three single-phase IGBT based voltage source inverters (VSI) used as a series active filter and a three-phase PWM shunt rectifier with a dc link capacitor. The kVA rating of main circuits is analyzed. An improved direct voltage comparison method is applied in the control strategy of series active filter. The control algorithm of the shunt rectifier uses a PI controller with two closed loops. The hardware structure of the digital signal processing (DSP) control system is also proposed. The simulation and experiment results are presented to illustrate the effectiveness of the SPQC in improving power quality in distribution system.
Is There an Optimal Interval for Medal Winning Performance in World Para Powerlifting Competition?

Abstract The aim of the study was to determine the optimal interval between competitions for success in World Para Powerlifting events. A total of 1034 female (age = 34.4 ± 9.1 yrs) and 1,697 male (age = 33.7 ± 8.3 yrs) competition results from international Paralympic powerlifting events conducted between 2014 and 2020 were analyzed. Odds ratios for preparations intervals between competitive events were evaluated considering the dependent variable, earning a medal, and the independent variable, level of competition. There was an increased probability of winning a medal when the preparation interval was in the range of 22–30 wks (P = 0.004), as compared with less than 11 wks, while competing at World Cup events, whereas for World Championships and Paralympic Games, there was an increased probability of winning a medal when the interval range was 23–31 wks (P = 0.002) and 40 wks or more (P = 0.011) compared with less than 23 wks. However, there were no significant differences between preparation intervals for Regional Games/Championships. The Para Powerlifting athletes participating in the World Cup events, World Championships, and Paralympic Games share an optimal interval for success of approximately 21–31 wks and results from the World Championships and Paralympic Games, which can also be optimized with an interval of 40 wks or more.
CRISPR Cas13-based tools to track and manipulate endogenous telomeric repeat-containing RNAs in living cells

TERRA, TElomeric Repeat-containing RNA, is a long non-coding RNA transcribed from telomeres. Emerging evidence indicates that TERRA regulates telomere maintenance and chromosome end protection in normal and cancerous cells. However, the mechanism of how TERRA contributes to telomere functions is still unclear, partially owing to the shortage of approaches to track and manipulate endogenous TERRA molecules in live cells. Here, we developed a method to visualize TERRA in live cells via a combination of CRISPR Cas13 RNA labeling and Suntag technology. Single-particle tracking reveals that TERRA foci undergo anomalous diffusion in a manner that depends on the timescale and telomeric localization. Furthermore, we used a chemically-induced protein dimerization system to manipulate TERRA subcellular localization in live cells. Overall, our approaches to monitor and control TERRA locations in live cells provide powerful tools to better understand its roles in telomere maintenance and genomic integrity.
A connection between Rayleigh fading and worst-case partial band interference

For FH/BFSK (frequency hopping/binary frequency-shift keying) on a worst-case partial-band Gaussian interference channel, the bit error probability results are well known for the extreme cases in which the signal is either nonfading or Rayleigh fading. In the present work the author fills in the region between these extremes by considering the general Nakagami-m fading model. Here the worst-case partial-band Gaussian interference results are given by a one-parameter family, which for m to infinity gives the Viterbi-Jacobs (1975) nonfading result and for m=1 gives the Rayleigh fading result. In the latter case a broadband interference strategy is optimal. Thus the Nakagami-m solutions provide a smooth one-parameter bridge between the Viterbi-Jacobs channel and the Rayleigh fading channel. The results show that the worst-case interference fraction rho increases as the fading variance increases, up to Rayleigh fading. Any fading less severe than Rayleigh, however slight the departure from Rayleigh, requires a partial-band strategy for sufficiently large E/sub b//N/sub I/. <<ETX>>
A Real-World Clinical and Economic Analysis of Cell-Derived Quadrivalent Influenza Vaccine Compared to Standard Egg-Derived Quadrivalent Influenza Vaccines During the 2019–2020 Influenza Season in the United States

Abstract Background Cell-derived influenza vaccines are not subject to egg-adaptive mutations that have potential to decrease vaccine effectiveness. This retrospective analysis estimated the relative vaccine effectiveness (rVE) of cell-derived quadrivalent influenza vaccine (IIV4c) compared to standard egg-derived quadrivalent influenza vaccines (IIV4e) among recipients aged 4–64 years in the United States during the 2019–2020 influenza season. Methods The IQVIA PharMetrics Plus administrative claims database was utilized. Study outcomes were assessed postvaccination through the end of the study period (7 March 2020). Inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) was implemented to adjust for covariate imbalance. Adjusted rVE against influenza-related hospitalizations/emergency room (ER) visits and other clinical outcomes was estimated through IPTW-weighted Poisson regression models for the IIV4c and IIV4e cohorts and for the subgroup with ≥1 high-risk condition. Sensitivity analyses modifying the outcome assessment period as well as a doubly-robust analysis were also conducted. IPTW-weighted generalized linear models were used to estimate predicted annualized all-cause costs. Results The final sample comprised 1 150 134 IIV4c and 3 924 819 IIV4e recipients following IPTW adjustment. IIV4c was more effective in preventing influenza-related hospitalizations/ER visits as well as respiratory-related hospitalizations/ER visits compared to IIV4e. IIV4c was also more effective for the high-risk subgroup and across the sensitivity analyses. IIV4c was also associated with significantly lower annualized all-cause total costs compared to IIV4e (–$467), driven by lower costs for outpatient medical services and inpatient hospitalizations. Conclusions IIV4c was significantly more effective in preventing influenza-related hospitalizations/ER visits compared to IIV4e and was associated with significantly lower all-cause costs.
Association of coronary artery calcification and thoracic aortic calcification with incident peripheral arterial disease in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA)

Abstract Aims The association of subclinical atherosclerotic disease in the coronary arteries and thoracic aorta with incident peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is unknown. We investigated the association between coronary artery calcium score (CACs) and thoracic aortic calcium score (TACs) with incident clinical and subclinical PAD. Methods and results The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) recruited 6814 men and women aged 45–84 from four ethnic groups who were free of clinical cardiovascular disease at enrolment. Coronary artery calcium score and thoracic aortic calcium score were measured from computed tomography scans. Participants with a baseline ankle-brachial index (ABI) ≤0.90 or >1.4 were excluded. Abnormal ABI was defined as ABI ≤0.9 or >1.4 at follow-up exam. Multivariable logistic regression and Cox proportional hazards models were used to test the associations between baseline CACs and TACs with incident abnormal ABI and clinical PAD, respectively. A total of 6409 participants (female: 52.8%) with a mean age of 61 years were analysed. Over a median follow-up of 16.7 years, 91 participants developed clinical PAD. In multivariable analysis, each unit increase in log (CACS + 1) and log (TACs + 1) were associated with 23% and 13% (P < 0.01for both) higher risk of incident clinical PAD, respectively. In 5725 (female: 52.6%) participants with an available follow-up ABI over median 9.2 years, each 1-unit increase in log (CACs + 1) and log (TACs + 1) were independently associated with 1.15-fold and 1.07-fold (P < 0.01for both) higher odds of incident abnormal ABI, respectively. Conclusion Higher baseline CACs and TACs predict abnormal ABI and clinical PAD independent of traditional cardiovascular risk factors and baseline ABI.
Influence of sex hormones on vestibular disorders

Purpose of review Vestibular disorders are gender distributed with a higher prevalence in women. Although research has increased in this field, the mechanisms underlying this unbalance is unclear. This review summarises recent advances in this research sphere, and briefly discusses sex hormone effects on various vestibular conditions and highlights some recent theories. Recent findings Recent work has identified a direct link between aberrant gonadal hormone levels and vestibular dysfunction. Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo research suggests that the disorder may be linked to the rapid decrease in oestrogen, observed in menopausal women, which disrupts otoconial metabolism within the inner ear. A successful hormonal therapeutic intervention study has advanced our knowledge of hormonal influences in the inner ear in Ménière's disease. Also, several studies have focused on potential mechanisms involved in the interaction between Vestibular Migraine, Mal de Debarquement Syndrome, and gonadal hormones. Summary In females, gonadal hormones and sex-specific synaptic plasticity may play a significant role in the underlying pathophysiology of peripheral and central vestibular disorders. Overall, this review concludes that clinical assessment of female vestibular patients requires a multifaceted approach which includes auditory and vestibular medicine physicians, gynaecologists and/or endocrinologists, in conjunction with hormonal profile evaluations.
Dielectric cavity relativistic magnetron

An alteration in the structure of the A6 relativistic magnetron is proposed, which introduces an extra degree of freedom to its design and enhances many of its quality factors. This modification involves the partial filling of the cavities of the device with a low-loss dielectric material. The operation of a dielectric-filled A6 is simulated; the results indicate single-mode operation at the desired π mode and a substantially cleaner rf spectrum.
Josephson junctions as microwave heterodyne detectors

Abstract : The properties of point contact Josephson junctions operated as 36 GHz heterodyne detectors have been extensively studied. The measured performance is in good agreement with the theory developed for microwave coupling, conversion efficiency, and intrinsic noise based on the Resistively Shunted Junction model. A tunable cavity matching structure was designed to obtain good RF coupling to the point contact. By operating vanadium junctions at 1.4 K, a single side band mixer noise temperature of 54 K (referred to the input) with a conversion gain of 1.35 and a signal bandwidth of the order of 1 GHz is achieved. This is significantly better than existing resistive mixers in this frequency range. Harmonic mixing, mixing in the presence of relaxation oscillation, and self local oscillator mixing with Josephson junctions is also tried, but the results are not as promising as fundamental mixing with an external local oscillator. Finally, two additional topics are discussed: a Josephson effect homodyne detector, and a proposed design for superconducting bolometers making use of the recently developed superconducting quantum interference devices. (Author)
Spatial variation of SNR in two- and three-dimensional neuro-PET

A method for region of interest (ROI) evaluation for three-dimensional (3-D) positron emission tomography (PET) in the sinogram space was implemented, according to the fully 3-D filtered back-projection algorithm. With this method, the statistical error in the image that propagates from the Poisson noise in the raw data was computed. The signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) for ROIs at various locations inside a cylindrical phantom was computed from both scanner data and simulation data and was verified via the standard deviation method through multiple measurements. As a comparison, two-dimensional (2-D) scans were also collected and similar computations carried out, Results show that the SNR increases with radius due to decreased attenuation at the edge of the phantom. For 3-D scans, the SNR drops gradually for ROIs outside the central 8 cm of the field of view (FOV). Also, it was found that the random events must be recorded and considered in the error computation.
477. Increased Referrals for New PFAPA (Aphthous Stomatitis, Pharyngitis, Adenitis) Diagnosis During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Abstract Background COVID-19 pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 resulted in a global health crisis in 2020. Quarantining, wearing masks and physical distancing- key infection prevention strategies implemented to stop the spread of COVID-19, also led to dramatic decreases in rates of common respiratory viral infection seen in young children. Due to lack of school and daycare exposure, we evaluated a larger than usual number of patients with periodic fevers without any known infectious contacts. Based on this observation, we conducted an analysis of all suspected cases of periodic fevers seen at our institution during the COVID-19 lockdown compared to prior seasons. Methods The clinical charts were queried for all patients presenting to any Lurie Children’s Hospital outpatient specialty clinic or laboratory with ICD diagnosis code of MO4.1 and MO4.8 (all recurrent and periodic fever syndromes) from June 1, 2020 through September 30, 2020, and compared to similar months the previous 2 years (2018 and 2019). Each patient chart was reviewed by the lead investigator to verify all new diagnoses of PFAPA. The number of new patients with PFAPA diagnosis were tallied and analyzed. Statistical comparisons were made using Kruskal-Wallis tests for monthly distributions in different years. Results We noted a significant increase in patients with new PFAPA diagnosis between June through August 2020 compared to similar months in 2018 and 2019 (Figure1). Experienced pediatric infectious disease physicians and rheumatologists diagnosed majority of the cases. During these months, a monthly median (IQR) of 13 (11.5, 14.5) patients were diagnosed among different Lurie specialty clinics, which is more than 2.5 folds increase in new PFAPA patients from the previous two years which were about 5 (3.5, 6) (Figure 2). Number of Patients with New PFAPA Diagnosis There was a significant increase in number of new patients diagnosed with PFAPA between June through August 2020 compared to similar months in 2018 and 2019. Monthly Distribution Summary for New PFAPA Diagnosis Statistical comparisons were made using Kruskal- Wallis tests for monthly distributions in different years Conclusion We observed a significant increase in PFAPA patients referred to our institution soon after introduction of public health measures to slow spread of COVID-19. Given that most children were not in daycare, schools, or camps, we suspect that parents and pediatricians were able to recognize patterns of periodic fevers in children much quicker than preceding years, when fevers would typically be attributed to an infectious process. Disclosures Ravi Jhaveri, MD, AstraZeneca (Consultant)Dynavax (Consultant)Elsevier (Other Financial or Material Support, Editorial Stipend as Co-editor in Chief, Clinical Therapeutics)Seqirus (Consultant)
CONSUMING CONCERNS: LANGUAGE STYLE OF HUMOUR ON FOUR FEMALE STAND-UP COMEDIANS

Comedy is a male-dominated world as sociolinguistics theory also mentions that women employ less humour compared to men. However, female comedians also appeared on television. In Indonesia, Stand-Up Comedy Indonesia (SUCI) is a popular stand-up comedy competition broadcasted by a reputable national network channel, Kompas TV. Interestingly, numerous young female stand-up comedians also took part as participants of SUCI. This study aimed to analyse humour performed by four female comedian finalists from different cultural backgrounds such as Arab-Indonesian, Chinese-Indonesian, British expatriate, and Indonesian with Batak ethnicity. This study employed a qualitative method by applying various techniques such as video selection, downloading, transcribing relevant data, reducing data, applying theories, and concluding. The data were analysed using the theory of women's language and the theory of types and functions of humour. The study found that women employed humour in stand-up comedy to speak up their minds and share their concerns with the audiences using various language styles, including rhetorical questions, hypercorrect grammars, taboo words, and rising intonations. The humour was employed primarily to share their concerns toward sensitive cultural issues such as stereotypes and identity, sexism, relationship and gender equality, and body positivity. In addition, it contributes to enriching the theory of women's language style and humour. Keywords: humour, stand up comedy competition, women's language style, identity
Effects of Different Warm-Up Durations on Wingate Anaerobic Power and Capacity Results

The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of different warm-up durations (5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30 minutes) on Wingate anaerobic power and capacity results. 13 male handball players volunteered to participate in this investigation. The anaerobic power and capacity values of the participants were determined by Wingate test. After a 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30-minute warm-up efforts, participants were applied to anaerobic power and capacity tests performed at least within 48-hour intervals. Furthermore, after the study ended, participants were subjected to another second anaerobic test including 5-minute warm-up duration to determine whether this study created any training effects on the participants. At the end of One-way ANOVA test, it was found that there were no significant differences in terms of absolute peak power (F5,60=0.768; P>0.05), relative peak power (F5,60=0.908; P>0.05), absolute average power (F5,60=0.440; P>0.05) and relative average power (F5,60=0.347; P>0.05) of the handball players after the 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30-minute warm-up durations. As a consequence of the performed study, Paired Samples T test was applied in repetitive measures to eliminate the possible training effects. The results indicated that there was no training effect in terms of absolute peak power, relative peak power, absolute average power and relative average power (p>0.05) At the end of this study, it has been found that different warm-up durations performed within 5 to 30-minute intervals on the bicycle ergometer at a certain intensity have no effects on the Wingate anaerobic power and capacity values