Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Statistics of random processes

1. Essentials of Probability Theory and Mathematical Statistics. - 2. Martingales and Related Processes: Discrete Time. - 3. Martingales and Related Processes: Continuous Time. - 4. The Wiener Process, the Stochastic Integral over the Wiener Process, and Stochastic Differential Equations. - 5. Square Integrable Martingales and Structure of the Functionals on a Wiener Process. - 6. Nonnegative Supermartingales and Martingales, and the Girsanov Theorem. - 7. Absolute Continuity of Measures corresponding to the Ito Processes and Processes of the Diffusion Type. - 8. General Equations of Optimal Nonlinear Filtering, Interpolation and Extrapolation of Partially Observable Random Processes. - 9. Optimal Filtering, Interpolation and Extrapolation of Markov Processes with a Countable Number of States. - 10. Optimal Linear Nonstationary Filtering.
The effect on carcass characteristics of different silage types used in the rations of fattening lambs

This study was carried out to investigate the effects on carcass characteristics of lambs fed with different silage types (corn silage, sunflower silage and their mixtures) and their mixtures at different levels. In the study, rumen volatile fatty acids levels and rumen pH of the lambs used in the experiment were determined at the beginning and end of fattening. For corn silage and sunflower silages, aerobic stability and lactic acid bacteria and yeast-mold counts were determined. In the treatment, 40 Kıvırcık male lambs aged 2.5-3 months were used as animal material. Lambs were divided into 5 different silage groups (100% corn silage, 75% corn+25% sunflower silage, 50% corn silage+50% sunflower silage, 25% corn silage+75% sunflower silage, 100% sunflower silage) and it was planned to have 8 lambs in each group. The lambs were housed in individual compartments during the experiment and the animals were individually fed. Silages were given to the lambs ad libitum and in addition to silage 700, 900 and 1400 g concentrated feed were given daily between 0-21, 21-42 and 42-56 days, respectively. As a result, it can be said that feeding with different silage types does not have a significant effect on carcass characteristics of lambs, and silages prepared with corn silage, sunflower silage and their mixtures can be used successfully in lamb fattening.
Initial Molecular Mechanisms of the Pathogenesis of Parkinson’s Disease in a Mouse Neurotoxic Model of the Earliest Preclinical Stage of This Disease

Studying the initial molecular mechanisms of the pathogenesis of Parkinson’s disease (PD), primarily in the nigrostriatal dopaminergic system, is one of the priorities in neurology. Of particular interest is elucidating these mechanisms in the preclinical stage of PD, which lasts decades before diagnosis and is therefore not available for study in patients. Therefore, our main goal was to study the initial molecular mechanisms of the pathogenesis of PD in the striatum, the key center for dopamine regulation in motor function, in a mouse model of the earliest preclinical stage of PD, from 1 to 24 h after the administration of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP). It was shown that the content of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), the first enzyme in dopamine synthesis, does not change within 6 h after the administration of MPTP, but decreases after 24 h. In turn, TH activity increases after 1 h, decreases after 3 h, remains at the control level after 6 h, and decreases 24 h after the administration of MPTP. The concentration of dopamine in the striatum gradually decreases after MPTP administration, despite a decrease in its degradation. The identified initial molecular mechanisms of PD pathogenesis are considered as potential targets for the development of preventive neuroprotective treatment.
Constitutive Modeling for Transparent Granular Soils

AbstractTransparent granular soil was recently found to be greatly useful for observations of the internal deformation in geotechnical model tests. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate the stress–strain and stress–dilatancy behaviors of transparent granular soil and also to propose a constitutive model for this material. In this study, drained triaxial shearing tests were conducted to investigate the stress–strain and stress–dilatancy relations of transparent granular soil. It was found that this material showed a state-dependent stress–strain behavior similar to that of sands. A state-dependent constitutive model within the framework of the critical-state theory was proposed to describe the stress–strain and stress–dilatancy behaviors of this material. This model was found to well describe the stress–strain behaviors (e.g., strain softening and volumetric expansion) and the hook-shaped stress–dilatancy behaviors from the test data in both the Group A (for the calibration of material constants) and G.
The Efficacy of Continuous Serratus Anterior and Erector Spinae Plane Blocks vs Intercostal Nerve Block in Uniportal-Vats Surgery: A Propensity-Matched Prospective Trial

Background: To evaluate the analgesic efficacy of continuous erector spinae plane block(c-ESPB) and serratus anterior plane block(c-SAPB) versus the intercostal nerve block (ICNB) in Uniportal-VATS in terms of pain control, drug consumption, and complications. Methods: Ninety-three consecutive patients, undergone one of the three peripheral nerve blocks after Uniportal-VATS, were prospectively enrolled. A 1:1 propensity score matching was used to minimize bias. Results: C-ESPB and c-SAPB groups had no difference in morphine request upon awakening compared to ICNB. A higher VAS-score was recorded in c-ESPB compared to ICNB in the first 12 h after surgery. A significantly lower consumption of paracetamol in II postoperative day (p.o.d.) and tramadol in I and II p.o. d. was recorded in the c-ESPB group compared to the ICNB group. A higher dynamic VAS score was recorded at 24 h and 48 h in the ICNB group compared to the c-SAPB. No difference was found in safety, VAS-score and drug consumption between c-ESPB and c-SAPB at any given time, except for a higher tramadol request in c-SAPB in II p.o. d. Conclusions: C-ESPB and c-SAPB appear to have the same safety and analgesic efficacy when compared between them and to ICNB in Uniportal-VATS approach. C-ESPB showed a delayed onset of analgesic effect and a lower postoperative drug consumption compared to ICNB.
Advancements in the ERK1/2 Signaling Pathway Affecting Male Reproduction.

Male infertility, age-related changes, and tumors have been increasingly studied in the field of male reproductive health due to the emergence of environmental stressors, declining fertility rates, and aging populations. Numerous studies have demonstrated that the ERK1/2 signaling pathway plays a significant role in male reproduction. The ERK1/2 pathway is associated with several signaling pathways and has a complex interplay that influences the spermatogenic microenvironment, sperm viability, gonadal axis regulation, as well as resistance to testicular aging and tumors. Moreover, the ERK1/2 pathway directly or indirectly regulates testicular somatic cells, which are crucial for maintaining spermatogenesis and microenvironment regulation. Given the critical role of the ERK1/2 signaling pathway in male reproductive health, comprehensive exploration of its multifaceted effects on male reproduction and underlying mechanisms is necessary. This study aims to provide a solid foundation for in-depth research in the field of male reproduction and further enhance the reproductive health of males.
Experience of mTBI-like symptoms in a sample without brain injury in Aotearoa/New Zealand

Background. Post-mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) symptoms are not specific to mTBI and are experienced in populations without brain injury. Understanding how people without brain injury experience mTBI-like symptoms and factors influencing symptom reporting is important to determine how symptom experience differs following an mTBI. Methods. To understand how people without a history of brain injury experience mTBI-like symptoms, we conducted a cross-sectional survey comprising sociodemographic characteristics, the Brain Injury Screening Tool symptom scale, general health rating, Illness Attitude Scale, Positive and Negative Affect Scale and Perceived Stress Scale. The mean total symptom score and proportion of people experiencing moderate or severe symptoms (≥4) were reported. Associations between sociodemographic variables, stress, negative affect, illness attitudes, health status and symptoms were examined using regression models. Results. One-hundred and seventy-three people completed the survey with a mean age of 40 years (s.d. = 15.8; n = 82, 47.4% male). The mean total symptom score was 34.5( ± 26.6). Commonly experienced symptoms were tiredness ( n = 73, 42.2%), poor sleep ( n = 64, 37.0%) and headaches ( n = 56, 32.4%). Regression analysis revealed that on average higher levels of worry about illness and negative affect were associated with higher symptoms ( β = 0.5, P = 0.027 and β = 0.9, P = 0.020 respectively) but there were no significant associations with other variables. Conclusions. Cognitive and vestibular-ocular symptoms occur much less frequently than physical symptoms in the general population and may be more specific to mTBI. However, there is a need to consider vestibular-ocular symptoms alongside illness attitudes due to greater concerns about these symptoms by patients.
A Hybird Synchronous Rectification Scheme with Independent Turn-on and Turn-off Timing Control for SiC-Based CLLC Converters

This paper proposes a hybrid synchronous rectification (SR) scheme for CLLC resonant converters. By combining phase tracking and current-based SR advantages, the scheme achieves separate control of turn-on and turn-off timings. The turn-on timing is determined by analyzing the maximum phase shift between primary-side voltage and secondary-side resonant current across the converter’s operating range using a fundamental approximation model (FHA) and simulations. Turn-off timing relies on comparing the SR current with a predefined threshold. Experimental results from a 6.6 kW prototype validate its reliability and stability. With the adoption of this scheme, CLLC converter efficiency is improved, and a higher SR MOSFET conduction ratio is achieved, ensuring reliable and stable SR control in various modes.
Accounting for forest age in the tile-based dynamic global vegetation model JSBACH4 (4.20p7; git feature/forests) – a land surface model for the ICON-ESM

Abstract. Natural and anthropogenic disturbances, in particular forest management, affect forest age structures all around the globe. Forest age structures in turn influence key land surface processes, such as photosynthesis and thus the carbon cycle. Yet, many dynamic global vegetation models (DGVMs), including those used as land surface models (LSMs) in Earth system models (ESMs), do not account for subgrid forest age structures, despite being used to investigate land-use effects on the global carbon budget or simulating biogeochemical responses to climate change. In this paper we present a new scheme to introduce forest age classes in hierarchical tile-based DGVMs combining benefits of recently applied approaches the first being a computationally efficient age-dependent simulation of all relevant processes, such as photosynthesis and respiration, using a restricted number of age classes and the second being the tracking of the exact forest age, which is a prerequisite for any implementation of age-based forest management. This combination is achieved by using the tile hierarchy to track the area fraction for each age on an aggregated plant functional type level, whilst simulating the relevant processes for a set of age classes. We describe how we implemented this scheme in JSBACH4, the LSM of the ICOsahedral Non-hydrostatic Earth system model (ICON-ESM). Subsequently, we compare simulation output to global observation-based products for gross primary production, leaf area index, and above-ground biomass to assess the ability of simulations with and without age classes to reproduce the annual cycle and large-scale spatial patterns of these variables. The comparisons show decreasing differences and increasing computation costs with an increasing number of distinguished age classes. The results demonstrate the benefit of the introduction of age classes, with the optimal number of age classes being a compromise between computation costs and error reduction.
Electrically Conductive Natural Rubber Composite Films Reinforced with Graphite Platelets

Green natural rubber (NR) composites reinforced with synthetic graphite platelets, using alginate as a thickening and dispersing agent, were successfully developed to improve mechanical properties, chemical resistance, and electrical conductivity. The fabrication was performed using a latex aqueous microdispersion process. The research demonstrated the effective incorporation of graphite platelets into the NR matrix up to 60 parts per hundred rubbers (phr) without causing agglomeration or phase separation. Graphite incorporation significantly improved the mechanical strength of the composite films. NR with 60 phr of graphite exhibited the highest Young’s modulus of 12.3 MPa, roughly 100 times that of the neat NR film. The reinforcement also strongly improved the hydrophilicity of the composite films, resulting in a higher initial water absorption rate compared to the neat NR film. Moreover, the incorporation of graphite significantly improved the chemical resistance of the composite films against nonpolar solvents, such as toluene. The composite films exhibited biodegradability at about 21% to 30% after 90 days in soil. The electrical conductivity of the composite films was considerably enhanced up to 2.18 × 10−4 S/cm at a graphite loading of 60 phr. According to the improved properties, the developed composites have potential applications in electronic substrates.
Impact of Intermittent Fasting and/or Caloric Restriction on Aging-Related Outcomes in Adults: A Scoping Review of Randomized Controlled Trials

Intermittent fasting (IF) and caloric restriction (CR) are dietary strategies to prevent and attenuate obesity associated with conditions and aging-related outcomes. This scoping review examined the cardiometabolic, cancer, and neurocognitive outcome differences between IF and CR interventions among adults. We applied a systematic approach to scope published randomized controlled trials (databases: PubMed, CINAHL Plus, PsychInfo, Scopus, and Google Scholar) from inception through August 2023. The initial search provided 389 unique articles which were critically appraised. Thirty articles met the eligibility criteria for inclusion: 12 were IF, 10 were CR, and 8 were combined IF and CR interventions. IF and CR were associated with weight loss; however, IF studies tended to report greater adherence compared with CR. Overall, IF and CR were equivalently effective across cardiometabolic, cancer, and neurocognitive outcomes. Our findings suggest that IF has health benefits in a variety of conditions and may be better accepted and tolerated than CR, but more comparative research is required.
A Nanosatellite Receiver Downconverter C-Band to L-Band Bandpass Filters—Review and Design

Nanosatellites and particularly CubeSats, are becoming the preferred satellites type when considering satellite systems design for education, research, small-scale and low-cost commercial deployments. To ensure data is timeously sent and received during a CubeSat overpass with its ground station, higher data rate is required. As a result, this paper presents a spaceborne C-band to L-band receiver downconverter bandpass filters (BPFs) review, design and implementation. The paper contributions include a succinct literature review of spaceborne receiver's downconverter, as well as BPFs and finally the design and constructions of BPFs in a 5.66 to 1.265 GHz receiver downconverter. The i) radio frequency (RF) BPF and the ii) intermediate frequency (IF) surface acoustic wave (SAW) BPF, respectively have the following simulated | measured performance parameters: a) carrier frequency (FC), b) input return loss (IRL) and c) insertion loss (IL): i) RF BPF a) FC of 5.66 GHz | 5.66 GHz, b) IRL of 16.250 dB | 20.341 dB, c) IL of 1.735 dB | 1.5295 dB and ii) IF BPF a) FC of 1.265 GHz | 1.266 GHz, b) IRL of 24.778 dB | 25.878 dB, c) IL of 1.276 dB | 1.271 dB.
Equipment for Increasing the Phototrophic Microalgae Production at Lab Scale

The human activities, especially the energy production from fossil fuels and the transport sector, produce huge amounts of CO2, which is a greenhouse gas [1]. In this context, developing and expanding phototrophic microalgae production is a suitable way to reduce the greenhouse effect by converting the anthropogenic CO2 into organic mass and oxygen. It should be also mentioned that the organic mass, including algae, is a high added value product.
Russellosaurus coheni n. gen., n. sp., a 92 million-year-old mosasaur from Texas (USA), and the definition of the parafamily Russellosaurina

Abstract A new mosasaur, Russellosaurus coheni, is described from the Collignoniceras woollgari Zone (lower Middle Turonian) at Cedar Hill, Dallas County, Texas. At approximately 92 Ma, it is the oldest well-preserved mosasaur skull from North America. It possesses characters diagnostic of Plioplatecarpinae but retains numerous plesiomorphies as well. Phylogenetic analysis indicates a close relationship with Yaguarasaurus columbianus, and these two, together with Tethysaurus nopcsai, form a clade that occupies a position basal to the divergence of the subfamilies Tylosaurinae and Plioplatecarpinae. Russellosaurus coheni is proposed as the nominal taxon of a new mosasaur clade, parafamily taxon novum Russellosaurina, which includes Plioplatecarpinae, Tylosaurinae, their common ancestor and all descendants. Tethysaurus retains a plesiopedal limb and girdle morphology, and along with Russellosaurus and Yaguarasaurus, cranial plesiomorphies. Dallasaurus turneri, a temporally and geographically sympatric plesiopedal mosasaur, occupies a basal position within Mosasaurinae. This phyletic arrangement confirms that marine adaptations, such as development of paddle-like limbs, occurred independently in at least two lineages of mosasaurs, once within Mosasaurinae and once within Russellosaurina.
EVALUATION OF ANTIMALARIAL DRUGS IN INDONESIA, 1981 - 1995

Telah dilakukan evaluasi obat-obat antimalaria in-vitro dan in-vivo untuk menentukan pola resistensi dan memanfaatkan data ini untuk melakukan sistem pengamatan yang efektif. Semua penelitian pengobatan dan pencegahan malaria di lapangan dan rumah sakit dalam kurun waktu 1981 - 1995 ditelaah. Pertama kali kasus resistensi P. falciparum terhadap klorokuin ditemukan di Kalimantan Timur pada tahun 1973, dan telah menyebar ke seluruh (27) propinsi Indonesia dengan derajat RI - RIIL Pada saat ini, resistensi Riil telah didapatkan di 20 propinsi, sedangkan pada tahun 1981-1985 hanya di 4 propinsi. Kasus malaria vivaks resisten klorokuin dilaporkan pertama kali dari Sumatera Utara (P. Nias) pada tahun 1991, dan kemudian ditemukan di Irian Jaya (41%), Sumatera Utara (13%), Nusa Tenggara Timur (8%), Sulawesi Utara (2%) dan Jakarta (laporan kasus yang didapatkan dari transfusi darah). Malaria falsiparum yang tercatat resisten sulfadoksin-pirimetamin didapatkan di 11 propinsi dengan derajat RI - RII. P. falciparum resisten in-vitro juga didapatkan terhadap kina (6 propinsi), meflokuin (5 propinsi) dan amodiakuin (4 propinsi). Beberapa obat antimalaria baru (meflokuin, halofantrin dan derivat artemisinin) telah diteliti dan ternyata efektif untuk pengobatan malaria tanpa komplikasi. Penelitian pencegahan menunjukkan angka pencegahan untuk klorokuin 41-92%, sulfadoksin- pirimetamin 98%, primakuin 89-92%, doksisiklin 99% dan meflokuin 100 %. Efek samping obat-obat antimalaria tersebut umumnya ringan. Di Indonesia, penyebaran malaria falsiparum resisten klorokuin R1II dan malaria falsiparum resisten multidrug merupakan masalah kesehatan masyarakat yang serius dan tantangan dalam pengobatan. Demikian pula kehadiran malaria vivaks resisten klorokuin menimbulkan masalah baru yang lain. Oleh sebab itu obat-obat antimalaria yang didistribusikan sebaiknya dikemas per paket untuk dosis obat pengobatan yang lengkap dengan keterangan cara minum obat yang jelas. Dengan demikian dapat dicegah pemberian dosis pengobatan yang tidak cukup dan berkembangnya resistensi obat. Selama obat antimalaria baru belum tersedia di Indonesia, perlu dilakukan penelitian perbaikan efikasi obat antimalaria yang sudah ada. Obat pencegahan alternatif yang aman dan efektif untuk anak-anak, ibu hamil dan menyusui juga perlu diteliti.
SVSeq2Seq: An Efficient Computational Method for State Vectors in Sequence-to-Sequence Architecture Forecasting

This study proposes an efficient method for computing State Vectors in Sequence-to-Sequence (SVSeq2Seq) architecture to improve the performance of sequence data forecasting, which associates each element with other elements instead of relying only on nearby elements. First, the dependency between two elements is adaptively captured by calculating the relative importance between hidden layers. Second, tensor train decomposition is used to address the issue of dimensionality catastrophe. Third, we further select seven instantiated baseline models for data prediction and compare them with our proposed model on six real-world datasets. The results show that the Mean Square Error (MSE) and Mean Absolute Error (MAE) of our SVSeq2Seq model exhibit significant advantages over the other seven baseline models in predicting the three datasets, i.e., weather, electricity, and PEMS, with MSE/MAE values as low as 0.259/0.260, 0.186/0.285 and 0.113/0.222, respectively. Furthermore, the ablation study demonstrates that the SVSeq2Seq model possesses distinct advantages in sequential forecasting tasks. It is observed that replacing SVSeq2Seq with LPRcode and NMTcode resulted in an increase under an MSE of 18.05 and 10.11 times, and an increase under an MAE of 16.54 and 9.8 times, respectively. In comparative experiments with support vector machines (SVM) and random forest (RF), the performance of the SVSeq2Seq model is improved by 56.88 times in the weather dataset and 73.78 times in the electricity dataset under the MSE metric, respectively. The above experimental results demonstrate both the exceptional rationality and versatility of the SVSeq2Seq model for data forecasting.