Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
EFFECT OF BENSON RELAXATION EXERCISE ON BLOOD PRESSURE OF PATIENTS WITH TYPE II DM

Hypertension is a condition that is often found in patients with Type II DM. This condition requires proper treatment because it can cause various complications experienced by patients. Benson relaxation exercises are an alternative therapy that can be applied to DM patients who have hypertension. Apart from being able to control blood glucose levels, several studies have shown that this relaxation exercise has a significant effect in lowering blood pressure. This study aims to see the effect of Benson relaxation exercises on the blood pressure of patients with Type II diabetes.This type of research is quantitative with a pre and post test quasi-experimental design. The population in this study were all type II DM patients who went to the Internal Medicine clinic of RSUD Dr. SoekardjoTasikmalaya at the time of the research. The number of respondents in this study were 32 people. The results showed that there was a significant difference in the average diastolic blood pressure of respondents before and after exercise.
DNA BARCODING OF THE CYPRINIDAE FROM GREATER ZAB RIVER_GWER IN KURDISTAN REGION, IRAQ

Cyprinidae species are most abundant fish species are distributed in many inland waters of Kurdistan Region/Iraq. Cyprinids are complex species and identification based on morphology is difficult. To accomplish the task there is a need to identify the species through DNA barcoding based on a fragment of cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene in the mitochondrial genome is widely applied in species identification and biodiversity studies which is the ultimate tool for species identification, DNA barcoding can be helpful to distinguish species, and genetic relationship. The present investigation provides data on the genetic structure of some Cyprinidae species including Carasobarbus kosswigi, Capoeta trutta, Cyprinion macrostomum, Luciobarbus barbulus, Garra rufa, Acanthobrama marmid, Alburnus mossulensis, Chondrostoma kinzelbachi, Leuciscus vorax, Squalius cephalus, Arabibarbus grypus, Carasobarbus luteus and Capoeta damascina from Greater Zab River/ Gwer in Kurdistan Regin/ Iraq. C. kinzelbachi was recorded for the first time in Iraq. These species were sequenced for 635 base pair region of the COI gene. The genetic differences among them were 0.055-1.481% of 635 nucleotide bases of mitochondrial cytochrome. All species were identified 100% by COI gene sequence and these 13 different fishes were registered in NCBI GenBank. This study is one of the first steps towards enhancing genetic understanding of the relationship among species of Cyprinidae. There should also be further attempts in genetic research to fill data gaps among fish species in Kurdistan Region to help to establishing a global COI barcode database.
Response to the reviewers ’ comments . cp-2019-120

Borehole-based reconstruction is a well-established technique to recover information of the past climate variability based on two main hypothesis: first, that past ground surface temperature (GST) histories can be recovered from borehole temperature profiles (BTPs); and second, that the past GST evolution is coupled to surface air temperature (SAT) changes and thus, past SAT changes can be recovered from BTPs. Compared to some of the last millennium (LM) proxy-based reconstructions, previous studies based on the borehole technique indicate a larger temperature increase during the last centuries. The 5 nature of these differences has fostered the assessments of this reconstruction approach searching for potential causes of bias. Here, we expand previous works to explore potential methodological and physical bias using pseudo-proxy experiments with the Community Earth System Model-Last Millennium Ensemble (CESM-LME). A heat-conduction forward model driven by simulated surface temperature is used to generate synthetic BTPs that are then inverted using singular value decomposition. This procedure is applied to the set of simulations that incorporate all the LM external forcing factors as well as those that 10 consider the concentration of the green house gases (GHG) and the land use land cover (LULC) changes forcings separately. The results indicate that methodological issues may impact the representation of the simulated GST at different spatial scales, with the temporal logging of the BTPs as the main sampling issue that may lead to an underestimation of the simulated GST 20th century trends. Our analysis also shows that in the surrogate reality of the CESM-LME the GST does not fully capture the SAT warming during the industrial period and thus, there may be a further underestimation of the past SAT changes due 15 to physical processes. Globally, this effect is mainly influenced by the GHG forcing whereas regionally, LULC changes and other forcings factors also contribute. These findings suggest that despite the larger temperature increase suggested by the borehole estimations during the last centuries of the LM relative to some other proxy reconstructions, both the methodological and physical biases would result in a underestimation of the 20th century warming.
Learning Task Sampling Policy for Multitask Learning

It has been shown that training multi-task models with auxiliary tasks can improve the target tasks quality through cross-task transfer. However, the importance of each auxiliary task to the primary task is likely not known a priori. While the importance weights of auxiliary tasks can be manually tuned, it becomes practically infeasible with the number of tasks scaling up. To address this, we propose a search method that automatically assigns importance weights. We formulate it as a reinforcement learning problem and learn a task sampling schedule based on evaluation accuracy of the multi-task model. Our empirical evaluation on XNLI and GLUE shows that our method outperforms uniform sampling and the corresponding single-task baseline.
Recent Progress in Materials

One of the largest problems facing the steelmaking industry is the high amount of waste currently produced and the low amount of waste that is currently recycled. This study aims to look at the suitability of 3 different samples of basic oxygen steelmaking (BOS) slag as a construction material, in concert with their carbon capture capacity. Characterization by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), inductively coupled plasma spectroscopy (ICP), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), CO2 adsorption analysis, and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) demonstrated that these BOS slags were found to have several favorable characteristics making them suitable for reuse as construction material.
An Empirical Study of Transformer Language Models on BLiMP and Reading Time Prediction

Recent progress in large pretrained language models has led to a growth of analyses examining the linguistic knowledge encoded in these models. Due to limited computation, the analyses are mostly conducted on released language model checkpoints, which makes it difﬁcult to study how various factors during training affect the acquired linguistic knowledge. In this work, we train a suite of small-scale Transformer language models, each differing from each other with minimal change in, e.g., training objective or data, and analyze how those small changes during training affect the acquisition of linguistic knowledge in the resulting models. We ﬁrst evaluate the models on BLiMP, a targeted evaluation benchmark of multiple English linguistic phenomena. Re-sults show that modifying the training objec-tive (e.g. use focal loss or add auxiliary loss) does not bring signiﬁcant gains on average, but shows promising improvement on several subcategories, e.g., detection of adjunct island and correct scope of negative polarity items. We also evaluate the models on a human reading time prediction task. Experimental results demonstrate that none of the models, including strong baselines such as GPT-2 and GPT-3, can predict the correct range of human reading time for the garden path sentences, implying models do not have human-like generalization on syntactically ambiguous sentences.
Biomedical ontology alignment with BERT

Existing machine learning-based ontology alignment systems often adopt complicated feature engineering or traditional non-contextual word embeddings. However, they are often outrun by the rule-based systems despite the model complexity. This paper proposes a novel ontology alignment system based on a contextual embedding model named BERT, aiming to suﬃciently utilize the text semantics implied by ontologies. Our results on two biomedical alignment tasks demonstrate that, despite using the to-be-aligned classes alone as the input, our system outperforms the leading systems
Ascertaining gamma ray dosage sensitivity of in vitro cultures in banana cv. Ney Poovan (Musa AB)

In a vegetatively propagated and parthenocarpic crop like banana, the mutation breeding method offers considerable scope to create genetic variability for crop improvement. It is necessary to determine the LD50 dose for optimizing the radiation dosages when gamma rays are used for mutation induction. In the present study, in order to fix the LD50 dose for explants cultured in vitro in cv. Ney Poovan, in vitro shoot tips were subjected to five different doses of gamma rays ranged from 5 to 25 Gy. Proliferating multiple shoots were subjected to five different doses of gamma rays ranged from 2 to 10 Gy. The results revealed a linear and significant reduction in the survival percentage, shoot length and number of shoots with increasing levels of gamma irradiation doses in both the category of explants. The probit curve based analysis on mortality of treated explants revealed that LD50 dose of gamma rays to be 18.77 Gy for cultured shoot tips and 6.97 Gy for proliferating multiple shoots under in vitro.
DETERMINATION THE EFFECT OF HELICOBACTER PYLORI TOXIN ON NORMAL AND CANCER CELLS LINES

The samples were collected from 120 patients who underwent endoscopy (53 males and 67 females) aged 1176 years. Gastric biopsies were taken from all patients for detection of H. pylori by rapid urease test, culture, and PCR. The H. pylori toxin was extracted and tested on experimental animals (Balb/c) mice and two types of cell lines Normal Breast and Esophagus Cancer. The toxin was analyzed through (GC-MS) to determine the components effect. The results indicated that H. pylori toxin have the ability to inhibit DNA synthesis in humans Esophageal Cancer cell lines and stopping the cell's proliferation in the concentration (1000 μg/ml), while there was no effect of the toxin on Normal Breast cells and there was an increase in the vitality rate concentration (1000 μg/ml).
Microscopic characterization and performance analysis of chilli (Capsicum annum) cultivars

Chilli, also known as hot pepper is an important vegetable and spice crop having immense commercial and export value. The present study was an attempt to select an elite cultivar of Chilli based on their varietal performance, structural, microscopic characterization and elemental analysis. In varietal performance analysis, Kashi Anmol with yield 725.05 g/plant, total soluble solid 6.74o Brix and ascorbic acid 132.53 mg/100 g was found superior to all other cultivars. No major difference was observed in the backbone structures of the green chilli powder of all the cultivars during X-Ray Diffraction analysis. Scanning Electron Microscopy revealed spherical and amorphous in form of the powder. EDAX traces elements like Carbon (58.45-72.63%), Oxygen (26.25-39.47%), Chlorine (0.15-0.27%), Potassium (0.49-1.64%) in all the cultivars except Magnesium (0.26 & 0.22%) and Aluminum (0.15 and 0.22%) which was observed in only two cultivars. The EDAX study also confirmed the absence of any health hazardous elements in the varietal sample. The presented study suggests the cultivation of Kashi Anmol as an elite Chilli variety in the study area as compared to others.
Consensus versus Unanimity: Which Carries More Weight?

Around 97% of climate scientists endorse anthropogenic global warming (AGW), the theory that human activities are partly responsible for recent increases in global average temperatures. Clearly, this widespread endorsement of AGW is a reason for non-experts to believe in AGW. But what is the epistemic significance of the fact that some climate scientists do not endorse AGW? This paper contrasts expert unanimity, in which virtually no expert disagrees with some theory, with expert consensus, in which some non-negligible proportion either rejects or is uncertain about the theory. It is argued that, from a layperson’s point of view, an expert consensus is often stronger evidence for a theory’s truth than unanimity. Several lessons are drawn from this conclusion, e.g. concerning what laypeople should infer from expert pronouncements, how journalists should report on scientific theories, and how working scientists should communicate with the public.
IRIS analyser assessment reveals sub-hourly variability of isotope ratios in carbon dioxide at Baring Head, New Zealand's atmospheric observatory in the Southern Ocean

Abstract. We assess the performance of an Isotope Ratio Infrared Spectrometer (IRIS) to measure carbon (δ13C) and oxygen (δ18O) isotope ratios in atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) and report observations from a 26 day field deployment trial at Baring Head, New Zealand, NIWA's atmospheric observatory for Southern Ocean baseline air. Our study describes an operational method to improve the performance in comparison to previous publications on this analytical technique. By using a calibration technique that reflected the principle of identical treatment of sample and reference gases, we achieved a reproducibility of 0.07 ‰ for δ13C-CO2 and 0.06 ‰ for δ18O-CO2 over multiple days. This performance is within the "extended compatibility goal" of 0.1 ‰ for both δ13C-CO2 and δ18O-CO2, which was recommended by the World Meteorological Organisation (WMO) for studies of regional or urban CO2 fluxes. One goal of this study was to assess the capabilities and limitations of the IRIS analyser to resolve δ13C-CO2 and δ18O-CO2 variations under field conditions. Therefore, we selected multiple events within the 26 day record for Keeling Plot Analysis. This resolved the isotopic composition of end members with an uncertainty of ≤ 1 ‰ when the magnitude of CO2 signals is larger than 10 ppm. The uncertainty of the Keeling Plot Analysis strongly increased for smaller CO2 events (2–7 ppm), where the instrument performance is the limiting factor and may only allow for the distinction between very different end members, such as the role of terrestrial versus oceanic carbon cycle processes. Further improvement in measurement performance is desirable to meet the WMO "network compatibility goal" of 0.01 ‰ for δ13C-CO2 and 0.05 ‰ for δ18O-CO2, which is needed to resolve the small variability that is typical for background air observatories such as Baring Head.
CATALASE ACTIVITY AND SOME BIOCHEMICAL PARAMETERS IN PATIENTS WITH KIDNEY FAILURE

Oxygen is a highly reactive nonmetal and an oxidizing agent that readily forms oxides with most elements as well as with other compounds. Chronic kidney disease produces ROfaS as a result of pro-inflammatory, increase ROS if their oxidative stress and these factors increase the probability of cardiovascular disease. A catalase (E.C. 1.11.1.6) is one of the most important antioxidant enzymes. The role of catalase activity and some biochemical parameter were evaluated in 101 patient 62 men 61.4%, and 39 woman 38.6%. The age was between 40 to 70 years old, divided into three groups: first group (G1) patient in end-stage kidney disease without hypertension and diabetes mellitus, the second group (G2) patient in end-stage kidney disease with hypertension, the third group (G3) patient end-stage kidney disease with hypertension and diabetes mellitus. And the control group was 30 person 16 male 53.3%, and 14 female 46.7%. The correlation between catalase activity, serum creatinine, blood urea, calcium, phosphorous, sodium, and potassium showed there were no significant differences in result between the patient and control group p > 0.05. There was a significant increase in potassium, serum creatinine, blood urea, and phosphorous compared to the control group P < 0.05. And there was a significant decrease in serum calcium, sodium, compared to the control group P < 0.05. In conclusion: The ROS effected on the End Stage Kidney Disease (ESKD) dialysis patient with chronic kidney (CKD) disease and the catalase activity did not effected. Keyword: ROS, Catalase Activity, Kidney Failure.
COMPETENCY DEVELOPMENT OF STUDENTS USING COGNITIVE COACHING

This research was a one shot case study aiming at studying the learning management competency of students using the cognitive coaching model and studying the students’ opinions towards the learning management using the cognitive coaching model. The population consisted of 65 students in the second year of early childhood education, 1st semester of the academic year 2019. The sample group used in this research consisted of 36 students in the second year of early childhood education using cluster random sampling. The scope of contents for the learning management competency and cognitive coaching took the total duration of 8 weeks for trial. The research tools were the assessment form of student learning management competency and the assessment form of students’ opinions on learning management using the cognitive coaching model. The data was analyzed to find the mean and standard deviation. The research results revealed that the students’ learning management competency using the cognitive coaching model was at the highest level and the students’ opinions towards the learning management using the cognitive coaching model was at the highest level.
The effect of methylphenidate on the level of consciousness and weaning from the ventilator in patients with brain injury in the intensive care unit

Introduction: Brain injury is the one of the leading cause of death and disability in the most active sections of society, especially in people under 45 y. The prevalence and severity of traumatic brain injury is rising in the Iranian population. The clinical effects of methylphenidate in improving treatment outcomes and cognitive function in this set of patients have been demonstrated in some studies. We conducted this clinical trial to assess the efficacy of methylphenidate in improving the level of consciousness and weaning from the ventilator in patients with brain injury in the intensive care unit. Methodology: This clinical trial study was performed on 90 intubated patients admitted to the intensive care unit of Valiasr Hospital in Arak, Iran. The patients were randomly divided into two groups. Patients in the intervention group (Group M) received methylphenidate 0.3 mg/kg twice daily, in addition to the routine drugs that the control group (Group C) received. All patients were compared for ventilator isolation, Glasgow Comma Scale (GCS) and APACHE II. The results were compared and analyzed in the two groups using SPSS software version 22. Results: The mean age of the patients in methylphenidate and control groups was 34.20 ± 7.87 y and 34.53 ± 8.31 y, respectively. There was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of age and gender (p > 0.05). The mean APACHE II score on the first and third day in Group M was 15.98 ± 1.70 and 13.73 ± 1.72, while in the Group C it was 16.02 ± 1.75 and 13.87 ± 1.84, respectively (p > 0.554) . The GCS in the Group M was significantly and rapidly normalized (p < 0.0001). The mean duration of intubation in methylphenidate and Group Cs was 7.18 ± 0.83 and 9.8 ± 1.04 days, respectively. This time was significantly lower in the Group M (p < 0.0001). Conclusion: The use of methylphenidate in patients with traumatic brain injury on mechanical ventilation in the intensive care unit is associated with a reduced duration of intubation and early return of the level of consciousness to normal. Abbreviations: TB I– traumatic brain injury; GCS – Glasgow Comma Scale; APACHE – Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation
CORRELATIONOF NICOTINAMIDEADENINE DINUCLEOTIDE PHOSPHATE QUINONE OXIDOREDUCTASE 1 (NQO1) GENE POLYMORPHISM AND BRONCHIAL ASTHMA

Background:Worldwide, asthma is a major public health issue due to its high prevalence and debilitating effects. Asthma prevalence in children has steadily risen over the last 20 years. Asthma affects 300 million people worldwide and is expected to rise from 45% to 59% by 2025, according to estimates. Bronchial asthma affects 5-10% of children and teenagers. Objective:To Explore the correlation of NQO1 gene polymorphism and risk factors of childhood asthmaPatients and methods:Thisis a case control study. Theparticipants were divided into two main groups, 29 nonasthmatics as a control group, and 87 asthmatic children as cases.The cases were further subdivided into 3 subgroups according to their asthma control level. All children were assessed for the pulmonary functions. Genotyping of Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate Quinone Oxidoreductase 1 gene polymorphism was assessed by restriction fragment length polymerase chain reaction (RFLP_PCR). Results:Patients with uncontrolled, partially controlled, and well-controlled asthma were more likely to have family members who had asthma (96.6%, 86.2%, and 72.4%, respectively). FEV1 percent and FVC differed significantly between the four groups. There was statistically significant difference between the four studied groups as regard gene polymorphism, 75.9% of control group had CC genotype and 58.6% of uncontrolled asthmatic patients had CT genotype. The asthma group in the study had less CC genotype and C allele (42.5% & 67.8%) versus the control group (75.9% & 87.9%) Conclusion:The study has revealed a significant correlation between family history of asthma and the childhood asthma. The polymorphisms of NQO1 are correlated with the risk of childhood asthma, and it increases due to the dominant homozygous mutations of NQO1.
Using Genes to Explore the Effects of Cognitive and Non-cognitive Skills on Education and Labor Market Outcomes

A large literature establishes that cognitive and non-cognitive skills are strongly correlated with educational attainment and professional achievement. Isolating the causal effects of these traits on career outcomes is complicated by reverse causality and selection issues. We suggest a new approach: using within-family differences in the genetic tendency to exhibit the relevant traits as a source of exogenous variation. Genes are fixed over the life cycle and genetic differences between full siblings are random, making it possible to establish the causal effects of within-family variation in genetic tendencies. We link genetic data from individuals in the Swedish Twin Registry to government registry data and find evidence for causal effects of the genetic predispositions towards cognitive skills, personality traits, and economic preferences on professional achievement and educational attainment. Our results also demonstrate that education and labor market outcomes are partially the result of