Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Delayed Diagnosis of an Invisible Seizure: Cefepime-Induced Non-convulsive Status Epilepticus

Cefepime-induced non-convulsive status epilepticus (NCSE) is a recognized adverse event of cefepime. Risk factors for this adverse event include older age, underlying renal dysfunction, previous brain injury, diabetes, and severe infection. We present a case of a 79-year-old woman with no prior seizure history, who was admitted for Pseudomonas aeruginosa surgical wound infection for which she was on cefepime. She developed acute encephalopathy with associated, occasional, right-sided myoclonic facial twitches 11 days into her admission. Electroencephalogram (EEG) confirmed NCSE as evident by epileptiform activity described as generalized periodic discharges with predominantly triphasic morphology. Cefepime was substituted with piperacillin-tazobactam> 24 hours after symptom onset. NCSE completely resolved two days after the discontinuation of cefepime. This case highlights the fact that NCSE can occur even when precautions such as renal dosing of cefepime are observed. Clinicians need to have a high index of suspicion for the condition when taking care of at-risk patients on cefepime, as delayed diagnosis correlates with potentially fatal outcomes.
Inertial currents in the Beaufort Sea: Observations of response to wind and shear

Doppler sonar observations from the Arctic Internal Waves Experiment and Arctic Leads Experiment in the Beaufort Sea are used to examine currents below the ice during spring conditions. Following two strong wind events, the dominant fine-scale current consists of both downward and upward propagating near-inertial internal waves. The downward propagating waves are most evident above 100 m depth, while the upward waves are most energetic below this depth. The appearance of these waves coincides in time and depth with a westward subinertial current following the winds with maximum speeds of 0.05 m s−1 at 100 m depth. Simple ray simulations show that the observed subinertial shear can significantly refract near-inertial waves with length scales similar to those observed. In particular, waves that propagate both in the direction of the current and toward the depth of maximum current are enhanced. These simulations suggest that the observed near-inertial wave enhancement is due, in part, to wave-shear effects rather than solely to surface forcing.
Transcriptional Profiling of Homologous Recombination Pathway Genes in Mycobacterium bovis BCG Moreau

Mycobacterium bovis BCG Moreau is the main Brazilian strain for vaccination against tuberculosis. It is considered an early strain, more like the original BCG, whereas BCG Pasteur, largely used as a reference, belongs to the late strain clade. BCG Moreau, contrary to Pasteur, is naturally deficient in homologous recombination (HR). In this work, using a UV exposure test, we aimed to detect differences in the survival of various BCG strains after DNA damage. Transcription of core and regulatory HR genes was further analyzed using RT-qPCR, aiming to identify the molecular agent responsible for this phenotype. We show that early strains share the Moreau low survival rate after UV exposure, whereas late strains mimic the Pasteur phenotype, indicating that this increase in HR efficiency is linked to the evolutionary clade history. Additionally, RT-qPCR shows that BCG Moreau has an overall lower level of these transcripts than Pasteur, indicating a correlation between this gene expression profile and HR efficiency. Further assays should be performed to fully identify the molecular mechanism that may explain this differential phenotype between early and late BCG strains.
Bivariate Modeling of Normalized Energy Intensity of Oil and Paper for Determining the Health Index of In-Service Transformers and Reactors

This article aims at developing a copula model for investigating the dependence structure between normalized energy intensity of oil <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$(\mathbf{NE}{\mathbf{I}}_{\mathbf{oil}})$</tex-math></inline-formula> and normalized energy intensity of paper (<inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mathbf{NE}{\mathbf{I}}_{\mathbf{paper}}). $</tex-math></inline-formula> The normalized energy index is a quantity that is directly related to the energy dissipated during a fault inside an oil filled transformer and reactor. The <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mathbf{NE}{\mathbf{I}}_{\mathbf{oil}}$</tex-math></inline-formula> and <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mathbf{NE}{\mathbf{I}}_{\mathbf{paper}}$</tex-math></inline-formula> are derived from real time dissolved gas analysis data of in-service transformer and reactors. Gumbel copula has been used for evaluating the conditional probabilities between the parameters. Results of the copula model indicate that for an increment of 0.5 kJ/kL in <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mathbf{NE}{\mathbf{I}}_{\mathbf{oil}}$</tex-math></inline-formula> there is an increment in <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mathbf{NE}{\mathbf{I}}_{\mathbf{paper}}$</tex-math></inline-formula> between 1.0 and 2.2 kJ/kL. It demonstrates the importance of considering <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mathbf{NE}{\mathbf{I}}_{\mathbf{paper}}$</tex-math></inline-formula> in addition to <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mathbf{NE}{\mathbf{I}}_{\mathbf{oil}}$</tex-math></inline-formula> for assessing the fault severity and evaluating the internal condition of liquid and solid insulation of transformer and reactor. Subsequently, the health index of transformers and reactors considering oil parameters, <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mathbf{NE}{\mathbf{I}}_{\mathbf{oil}}$</tex-math></inline-formula> and <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mathbf{NE}{\mathbf{I}}_{\mathbf{paper}}$</tex-math></inline-formula> have been evaluated thus making it an unique nature of study. Additionally, a range of values of <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mathbf{NE}{\mathbf{I}}_{\mathbf{oil}}$</tex-math></inline-formula> and <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mathbf{NE}{\mathbf{I}}_{\mathbf{paper}}$</tex-math></inline-formula> has been determined which can be used directly for future study. The study undertaken will help in monitoring, maintenance, and conditioning assessment of the equipment based on NEI values, thereby saving unprecedented failure of in-service transformers and reactors.
NWF: Propagation of Tsunami and its Interaction with Continental Shelf and Vertical Wall

In this article, tsunamis represented as solitary waves was simulated using the fully nonlinear free surface waves based on Finite Element method developed by Sriram et al. (2006). The split up of solitary wave while it propagates over the uneven bottom topography is successfully established. Wave transmission and reflection over a vertical step introduced in the bottom topography is in good agreement with the experimental results from Seabra-Santos et al. (1987). The wave transformation over a continental shelf with different smooth slopes reveals that the solitary wave reflection increases while the continental slope varies from flat to steep. The interaction of the solitary wave with a vertical wall for different wave steepness has been analysed. The reflected shape of the profile is in good agreement with the observation made by Fenton and Rienecker (1982) and an increase in wave celerity is observed.
Three‐dimensional dynamic rupture simulations across interacting faults: The Mw7.0, 2010, Haiti earthquake

The mechanisms controlling rupture propagation between fault segments during a large earthquake are key to the hazard posed by fault systems. Rupture initiation on a smaller fault sometimes transfers to a larger fault, resulting in a significant event (e.g., 2002 M7.9 Denali USA and 2010 M7.1 Darfield New Zealand earthquakes). In other cases rupture is constrained to the initial fault and does not transfer to nearby faults, resulting in events of more moderate magnitude. This was the case of the 1989 M6.9 Loma Prieta and 2010 M7.0 Haiti earthquakes which initiated on reverse faults abutting against a major strike‐slip plate boundary fault but did not propagate onto it. Here we investigate the rupture dynamics of the Haiti earthquake, seeking to understand why rupture propagated across two segments of the Léogâne fault but did not propagate to the adjacent Enriquillo Plantain Garden Fault, the major 200 km long plate boundary fault cutting through southern Haiti. We use a finite element model to simulate propagation of rupture on the Léogâne fault, varying friction and background stress to determine the parameter set that best explains the observed earthquake sequence, in particular, the ground displacement. The two slip patches inferred from finite fault inversions are explained by the successive rupture of two fault segments oriented favorably with respect to the rupture propagation, while the geometry of the Enriquillo fault did not allow shear stress to reach failure.
RIPARIAN ZONE CREATION IN ESTABLISHED CONIFEROUS FORESTS IN IRISH UPLAND PEAT CATCHMENTS: PHYSICAL, CHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL IMPLICATIONS

Abstract:Plantation forests were established on western Irish peatlands before it became apparent that riparian buffer zones were essential for the health of important salmonid habitats and aquatic ecosystems. The option to retrofit a riparian buffer zone several years before the clearfelling of the main plantation may lessen the possible effect of the clearfelling on receiving waters and provide some protection against sediment and nutrient runoff. The option to create a riparian buffer zone can only be considered if it can be shown that clearfelling this zone of coniferous forestry along the stream does not pose a significant risk to the water bodies in the short term. To assess this risk, the hydrology, water chemistry and biota at three locations in western peatland catchments within mature, harvestable-age forestry plantations were studied before, during and immediately after riparian buffer zones were created. Results indicate that water discharge and suspended sediment increased significantly at two experimental sites post-felling. Maximum and minimum daily temperature and pH also increased significantly at two of the sites. The biological results from macroinvertebrate analysis indicated some significant changes in richness and abundance of species post-felling. The juvenile trout (Salmo trutta L.) densities remained stable over the sampling period and appeared unaffected by the clearfelling operations.
The Oxides and Hydroxides of Iron and Their Structural Inter-Relationships

The transformations ia-x the iron oxide-hydroxide system have been interpreted in a rational crystallochemical manner, some bring characterized as topotactic and some as non-topotacfic. Crystallographic measurements have been made on the more reactive or metastable phases, particularly on the "green rusts. " The oxyhydroxides ~-]~eOOFI and ~-FeOOH have been examined more fully, but data on ald the phases have been checked. New data on transformations, such as FeCOa---> FeO and Fe(OH)~-+ FeO are reported.
DETUROPE – THE CENTRAL EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT AND TOURISM

We made a layered questionnaire survey in 2005, in the framework of which we received replies from one thousand entrepreneurs and business leaders to our question relating to the competitiveness of Hungarian towns and cities. This research conducted more than ten years ago sought the answer to the following questions: what aspects do Hungarian businesses prefer when choosing their business location, which Hungarian cities are considered competitive by company leaders and why, which are the cities that the stakeholders see as real economic centres? In the light of the results, we repeated our survey in 2016-2017, allowing thereby the comprehensive evaluation of a period of ten years. In the second phase of data recording we used the method of a layered questionnaire survey again (the three aspects considered were as follows: breakdown of the Hungarian businesses by regions, company size and sectors), in which it was one thousand business managers again who responded to our questions. The findings clearly demonstrate that the different parts of Hungary are characterised by different endowments and very diverse relative positions.
Teacher self-efficacy and its relationship with students’ affective and motivational variables in higher education

During the past few decades, researchers have proposed that teacher self-efficacy influences student achievement and motivation. The main aim of this work is to identify possible teacher self-efficacy profiles and to determine possible differences in some affective-motivational variables of students. 95 teachers and 1924 students from five Spanish public Universities took part in this study. Using cluster analysis, three distinctive profiles of teachers were generated: high self-efficacy, medium self-efficacy, and low self-efficacy. ANOVA results suggest that teachers with intermediate self-efficacy perception have more learning-oriented students than teachers with high self-efficacy. Students of teachers who are overconfident of their teaching capacity seem to engage less in studying to learn, they are more indifferent to the subjects, and they value the contents of the subject less. These students could also be less confident about the results of their efforts, showing a low perception of self-efficacy, greater academic work avoidance, and more anxiety than students of teachers with a moderate perception of self-efficacy. The results are discussed in light of the hypothesis of overconfidence.
Optimally Coarse Contracts

We study when a principal’s difficulty in describing payoff-relevant outcomes leads contracts to be optimally incomplete. Our setting is a general principal-agent model in which agents’ actions are partially contractible and the principal can choose the extent of contractibility at a cost. We first characterize implementable and optimal incomplete contracts for any fixed extent of contractibility. We next show that, if costs of contractibility satisfy a generalized notion of having a strictly positive marginal cost, then contracts are optimally coarse: they specify finitely many outcomes out of a continuum of possibilities. This provides a general foundation for incomplete contracts: even with arbitrarily small costs of contractibility, optimal contracts leave almost all outcomes unspecified. We apply these results in a standard nonlinear pricing setting to study when and why optimal price schedules have coarse tiers. In additional applications, we rationalize coarse product tiers in further assignment problems that feature menu costs, privacy concerns, and quality certification. ∗MIT Department of Economics, 50 Memorial Drive, Cambridge, MA, 02142. Email: rcorrao@mit.edu. †Yale University Department of Economics, 30 Hillhouse Avenue, New Haven, CT, 06511. Email: joel.flynn@yale.edu. ‡Princeton University Department of Economics, Julis Romo Rabinowitz Building, Princeton, NJ, 08544, Email: ksastry@princeton.edu. We are grateful to Daron Acemoglu, Alessandro Bonatti, Oğuzhan Çelebi, Daniel Chen, Piotr Dworczak, Drew Fudenberg, Robert Gibbons, Zi Yang Kang, Giacomo Lanzani, Stephen Morris, Ellen Muir, Jean Tirole, Jonathan Weinstein, Alexander Wolitzky, and Kai Hao Yang.
Why Do Oaths Work? Image Concerns and Credibility in Promise Keeping

We use a laboratory experiment to understand the channels through which honesty oaths can affect behavior and credibility. Using a game with asymmetric information in a financial market setting that captures some important features of advisor-investor interactions, we manipulate the common knowledge of the promise and investigate three non-pecuniary costs of breaking an oath: co-player image costs, audience-image costs, and self-image costs. For investors oaths are neither sufficient nor necessary to generate trust: ultimately investors rely on their experience. We link laboratory results to a survey we conducted in the Netherlands where oaths are required in the banking sector.
Facies analysis and correlation of high‐order sequences in middle–outer ramp successions: variations in exported carbonate on basin‐wide δ13Ccarb (Kimmeridgian, NE Spain)

Carbonate mud that accumulated in the deep parts of a late Kimmeridgian carbonate ramp (Iberian Basin, NE Spain) was partly derived by resedimentation from shallow water production areas. High‐frequency sea‐level changes, probably driven by climatic changes in tune with precession and short‐eccentricity cycles, affected carbonate production and the amount of exported sediment. Facies analysis and correlation of three outcrops located in middle and outer ramp settings allows a comparison of high‐order sequences (bundles of beds and sets of bundles) across a ramp transect and an assessment of the carbonate factory. Analysis of the storm deposits found in middle ramp settings identifies deepening to shallowing high‐frequency cycles based on the level of exported carbonate. In outer ramp areas, many of the bundles exhibit a thinning trend, indicating a progressive decrease of carbonate production and hence, carbonate export during periods of high‐frequency sea‐level rise. δ13Ccarb values show a gradual increase through the studied long‐term transgressive interval ranging from 1·5‰ to 2·8‰. Within this long‐term evolutionary trend, short‐term δ13Ccarb fluctuations occur that correspond with some of the high‐order cycles defined from sedimentary facies analysis. These short‐term δ13Ccarb shifts are interpreted as shifts in carbonate export from shallow reef regions to the outer ramp. A consequence of this study is that variation in δ13Ccarb can be used for correlation in outer ramp successions, at least on a basin‐wide scale.
Controls on the development of supraglacial floodwater outlets during jökulhlaups

Recent field observations have revealed that jokulhlaups with a near-instantaneous rise to peak discharge can generate temporary hydraulic pressures capable of forcing floodwater through the surface of glaciers. This paper identifies and explains the controls on the development of supraglacial jokulhlaup outlets. Field evidence is presented from two recent Icelandic jokulhlaups, which produced multiple supraglacial outbursts. Subglacial hydraulic pressure increase is identified as the principal control on supraglacial outlet development during jokulhlaups. A near-instantaneous rise to peak subglacial water pressure can produce supraglacial outbursts by hydrofracturing. Pressure increases below the hydrofracturing threshold, but above ice overburden pressure, can back-feed pre-existing drainage, resulting in outbursts from moulins and crevasses. Hydrofracture outbursts can route water to areas of the glacier not normally inundated by floods, and can control the spatial distribution of ice block release.
Breast MRI: The Radiologist's Perspective

Increasing experience with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has raised important questions about how it should be used in breast cancer screening, and for presurgical evaluation and posttherapy follow-up of women with this disease. Overall, the availability of MRI as an adjunct to mammography and ultrasound offers clear clinical benefit to women at increased risk of breast cancer development due to BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations, and to women presenting with axillary adenopathy and an occult primary breast tumor. In contrast, its benefit for routine selection of breast conservation or further assessment of lobular carcinoma in women of average risk has not been demonstrated.This article reviews the use of MRI in these settings, with an emphasis on the clinical outcomes that have been observed to date.
Fog and low stratus over the Swiss Plateau − a climatological study

The occurrence of fog and low stratus (FLS) clouds is a common phenomenon over the Swiss plateau during the winter half years. Classical fog observations using horizontal visibility are of limited use for climatological analyses of persistent FLS situations. We present a simple method for determining long climatological series of days with FLS lasting at least a half or a full daylight day. The method relies solely on high quality relative sunshine duration measurements at two stations, a Plateau station below or within the FLS layer (e.g. Zürich/Fluntern) and a nearby peak station above the FLS layer (e.g. Säntis). The analysis for the period 1901–2012 shows that full day FLS are a typical phenomenon of the months November to January, whereas the half day FLS also often occur in October and February. There is substantial interannual and decadal variability. The total number of Zürich full FLS days varies between 4 and 31 d (mean: 17 d) and between 10 and 49 d (mean: 28 d) for at least a half FLS days in the September to March period. The foggiest decade in the 1901–2012 record was 1984–1993; the least foggy decade was 1999–2008 with roughly 40–45% less FLS occurrence than only 15 years before. In the most recent years a return towards the climatological mean can be observed. The long term data series does not show any significant long‐term trends for the occurrence of full nor for half day FLS events. The reconstructed FLS occurrence is well correlated with the number of days with cold air pooling. They show very similar decadal variability and long term trends. © 2013 Royal Meteorological Society
Assessment of a SWAT model for soil and water management in India

The potential of a Spatial Decision Support System (SDSS) for estimating water and sediment yields was assessed in a large (92.46 km2) experimental catchment in the Damodar-Barakar basin. The SDSS is based on a SWAT model and was operated under prevailing resource management conditions. Application of the proposed SDSS predicted average water and sediment yields of 383.37 mm yr-1 and 21.28 t ha-1 yr-1 were predicted as against actual observations of 390.69 mm yr-1 and 25.35 t ha-1 yr-1 for the validation periods 1981-1983; 1985-1989 and 1991. Simulations of the annual dynamics of total water and sediment yields showed good to moderately good correlation coefficients of 0.83 and 0.65; model efficiency coefficients of 0.54 and 0.70; mean relative errors of -4.28% and -17.97% and root mean square prediction errors of 71.8 mm and 9.63 t ha-1, respectively. The study demonstrated that the proposed SDSS could also be used to identify priority arrears having high water and soil losses within the test catchment. The presence of large areas under long duration paddy rice and maize crops and/or low forest cover appeared to be the major reasons for the high water and soil losses from some experimental areas.