Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Direct Current Electromagnets with Constant Traction Characteristic

Electromagnets have the advantages of low cost, simple construction and ruggedness. In some applications, an electromagnet with the constant (or quasi-constant) traction characteristic is desirable for getting good controllability. In order to design a derect current electromagnet with constant traction characteristic, two basic questions including what kinds of magnetic circuit configuration are adoptable and what conditions should be satisfied must be considered. Focusing on solving the two problems, two kinds of cylindrical electromagnets are proposed and the corresponding conditions in the analytical function expressed by the related geometric dimensions of the electromagnet are also derived, based on the simplified equivalent magnetic circuit method as well as the analysis of the total permeance. Besides, the effects of the main parameters on the traction are discussed. The conclusions obtained by the analytical formulas may be used to provide a primary design, which then may be further improved by electromagnetic field numerical methods and/or by experiments. The comparison between the results calculated by the analytical formulas and by ANSOFT software is fairly good and it validates that the proposed method and the conclusions are simply suitable for the developing and designing of direct current electromagnets with constant traction.
CES Vol 39 Issue 03 text:June 2008 issue-FINAL

Despite societal norms of tolerance and diversity, covert “democratic” racism (Henry and Tator 2006) flourishes in Canada on individual and systemic levels. Democratic racism, an ideology that allows the coexistence of both egalitarian values and racist attitudes, beliefs, and behaviours, is often expressed by the dominant group through powerful discourses that shape the social reality for many minority individuals. However, racist discourses, such as blaming the target of racism and denying that racism exists, are often manifested very subtly. In this article, we use democratic racism as a framework to investigate the multiple ways in which our participants — South Asian Canadian women — described their experiences of racism. A discourse analysis of participants’ talk revealed that they used various rhetorical strategies and discursive devices to avoid attributing negative experiences as racism. Surprisingly, we found that the same discourses used by the dominant group to dismiss and erase racism are available to, and are also utilized by, members of visible minority groups. We conclude by discussing possible reasons why participants in the study might deny racism. We also note the societal implication of such denial: racism becomes invisible, both to the perpetrators and the targets, and systemic inequalities and injustices remain unchallenged. Résumé Malgré les normes sociétales de tolérance et de diversité. un racisme «démocratique» sous-jacent (Henry and Tator 2006) fleurit au Canada à deux niveaux : individuel et systémique. Idéologie qui permet la coexistence à la fois de valeurs d’égalité et d’attitudes, de croyances et de comportements raciaux, il imprègne souvent un discours drastique tenu par le groupe dominant et qui altère la réalité sociale vécue par nombre de personnes minoritaires. Le racisme, cependant, se manifeste souvent de manière très subtile, par exemple en blâmant sa cible et en niant sa propre existence. Dans cet article, sa forme démocratique nous sert de cadre pour enquêter sur les multiples façons dont nos participantes — des Canadiennes sud-asiatiques — décrivent leur expérience dans ce domaine. Une analyse discursive de leurs propos révèle qu’elles se servent de stratégies rhétoriques et de moyens d’expression variés pour éviter d’attribuer au racisme des expériences négatives. Nous avons étonnamment découvert que le discours employé par les membres de groupes de minorités visibles était le même que celui dont se sert le groupe dominant pour démentir et gommer son racisme. Nous concluons en analysant les raisons possibles qui porteraient les participantes à cette étude à un tel déni. Nous en notons aussi les implications sociétales : le racisme devient invisible, et pour les auteurs, et pour leurs cibles; par ailleurs, aucune contestation ne remet en question les inégalités et les injustices systémiques. Canada has often been viewed as a “colourblind” or “raceless” country (Stewart 2004), and the norms of Canadian society appear to promote tolerance and encourage CES Vol 39 Issue 03 text:June 2008 issue FINAL 19/03/09 6:48 PM Page 125
is a Verb: Exploring a New

: Cet article propose une solution potentielle a` l’inquie´tude ge´ne´rale et de longue date concernant la faculte´ des e´tudiants de premier cycle a` chercher, e´crire et exercer une pense´e critique : il s’agit d’un cours sur les me´thodes de recherche base´ sur l’activite´ et spe´ciﬁque a` la discipline. L’article explore en de´tail la conception du cours et montre son efﬁcacite´ par l’examen des donne´es assemble´es dans le cadre d’une recherche-action, comprenant des curriculum vitae de compe´tences d’e´tudiants et des entrevues semi-structure´es effectue´es apre`s le cours. L’article fait e´tat de constatations d’un inte´reˆt particulier pour la communaute´ des sciences de l’information : la perception par les e´tudiants de la maıˆtrise de l’information, la collaboration entre professeurs et bibliothe´caires, les curriculum vitae de compe´tences informationnelles, la relation entre compe´tences et conﬁance, et la compre´hension normative des e´tudiants de ce qu’est une expe´rience d’apprentissage « typique » au premier cycle.
Is subject-specific musculoskeletal modelling worth the extra effort or is generic modelling worth the shortcut?

The majority of musculoskeletal modelling studies investigating healthy populations use generic models linearly scaled to roughly match an individual’s anthropometry. Generic models disregard the considerable variation in musculoskeletal geometry and tissue properties between individuals. This study investigated the physiological implications of personalizing musculoskeletal model geometry (body segment mass, inertia, joint center, and maximum isometric muscle force). Nine healthy athletes performed ten repetitions of 15 meter sprints at 75–95% of their maximum sprinting speed and ten repetitions of unanticipated sidestep cut trials with a 4.5–5.5 m/s approach running speed. Structural magnetic resonance imaging was collected on the lower extremities, from which subject-specific musculoskeletal models were developed. A one-dimensional statistical parametric mapping paired t-test was used to compare generic and subject-specific musculoskeletal models for: lower-limb kinematics, kinetics, torque matching, as well as hamstrings, adductors, and quadriceps muscle activations and fiber dynamics. Percentage change of geometric parameters between generic and subject-specific models were determined. Compared to generic models, subject-specific models showed significantly lower ankle dorsi/plantar flexion angle during sprinting and several significantly different net joint moments during sprint and cut tasks. Additionally, subject-specific models demonstrated better torque matching, more physiologically plausible fiber lengths, higher fiber velocities, lower muscle forces, and lower simulated activations in a subset of investigated muscles and motor tasks. Furthermore, subject-specific models identified between-limb differences that were not identified with generic models. Use of subject-specific modeling, even in healthy populations, may result in more physiologically plausible muscle fiber mechanics. Implementing subject-specific models may be especially beneficial when investigating populations with substantial geometric between-limb differences, or unilateral musculoskeletal pathologies, as these are not captured by a generic model.
COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy among medical and health science students attending Wolkite University in Ethiopia

Background Medical and health science students are among the frontline health care workers who are at high risk of acquiring COVID-19 infection during their clinical attachments and future career. As health care providers, they are expected to promote and administer the COVID-19 vaccine and counsel vaccine-hesitant patients. It is, therefore, imperative to assess COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy among medical and health science students. Thus, this study aimed to assess COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy and its associated factors among medical and health science students of Wolkite University. Method An institutional-based cross-sectional study design was conducted among 420 medical and health science students attending Wolkite University from March 1 to 30, 2021. Simple random sampling technique was used to select study participants. Self-administered and structured questionnaires were used to collect data. Data were entered into Epi-Data version 4.2. 0 and exported to SPSS version 23 software package for further analysis. Bivariable and multivariable analysis was used to identify associated factors. P values <0.05 result were considered as a statistically significant association. Results The level of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy was 41.2% (95% CI; 35.2%-50.4%). Student age ≤23 years were 1.9 times more likely vaccine hesitant [aOR = 1.94, 95% CI; 1.14–3.28], being female were 1.7 times more likely vaccine hesitant [aOR = 1.76, 95% CI; 1.14–2.72], resided in rural area were 1.6 times more likely vaccine hesitant [aOR = 1.63, 95% CI; 1.06–2.49], source of information from social media were 2.7 times more likely vaccine hesitant [aOR = 2.68, 95% CI; 1.58–4.54], and good practice to COVID-19 mitigation measures were 47% less likely vaccine hesitant [aOR = 0.53, 95% CI; 0.34–0.83] compared to their counterpart. Conclusions COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy is found to be high. Therefore, students are advised to receive COVID-19 vaccine information from government lead mass media (i.e. television and radio), increase awareness and adherence to COVID-19 mitigation measures is recommended.
Finite Element Analysis of Restored Principal Abutment in Free-End Saddle Partial Denture

Purpose This study analyzed the stress distribution of restored principal abutments in free-end saddle partial dentures. Materials and Methods The mandibular second premolar was modeled with class II cavity restored with composite resins (Tetric N Ceram and Charisma Smile). Finite element analysis (FEA) was used to examine the stresses under 200-N static load vertically and horizontally and the results were graphically illustrated in the form of von Mises stresses. Results The von Mises stress distribution patterns of two different composite resins (Tetric N Ceram and Charisma Smile) were very similar in all modes of loading. Conclusion Composite resins with a similar modulus of elasticity in class II cavities with occlusal rest seat preparation had similar stress distributions. Clinical Significance Nanohybrid composite resin restorations may be a possible method for preparing abutments for receiving elements of the removable partial denture (RPD).
Optimising long-term athletic development: An investigation of practitioners’ knowledge, adherence, practices and challenges

Long-term athletic development practices have been recommended for the past two decades. However, limited research exists exploring the knowledge and skills required by practitioners to optimise long-term athletic development. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the knowledge, adherence, practices, and challenges of practitioners responsible for delivering long-term athletic development. A mixed methods survey was completed by 236 practitioners (e.g., sport coaches, physical education teachers) consisting of four parts; 1) demographics, 2) knowledge, 3) adherence, and 4) practices and challenges. Quantitative and qualitative data were analysed by Friedman’s analysis of variance and thematic analyses, respectively. Quantitative findings showed practitioners 1) recognised their responsibility for delivering long-term athletic development, 2) have a familiarity with existing developmental models, and 3) had high adherence, focused upon health and wellbeing, to delivering long-term athletic development. However, practices associated with growth and maturity, monitoring and assessment, and the systematic progression and individualisation of training had lower adherence. Qualitative analysis indicated that practitioner’s perceived definitions of athleticism and long-term athletic development were inconsistent, especially according to the psychological components (i.e., confidence). Practitioners’ descriptions of their long-term athletic development practices identified two higher order themes; 1) goals, in which long-term athletic development “is for life” and the importance of “an individual centered journey” highlighted as sub-themes; and 2) realities of delivering long-term athletic development, whereby variety in programme delivery, monitoring development and practical challenges were noted as key priorities. Eight practical challenges were identified including governance and priorities, resources, education, early specialization, high training volumes, staff communication, parents and youth motivation. This mixed method survey highlighted a multitude of knowledge, adherence, practices and challenges towards long-term athletic development. These novel findings can help inform policy to optimise long-term athletic development and to support the complex problem of developing a healthier, fitter and more physically active youth population.
The Clinical Effect of Blue Light Therapy on Patients with Delayed Sleep-Wake Phase Disorder

Objective To investigate the feasibility and patient acceptance of applying blue light glasses to treat delayed sleep-wake phase disorder (DSWPD). Methods Fifteen patients with DSWPD were collected as the observation group and 15 healthy people as the control group. The patients wore blue light glasses with a continuous radiation wavelength of about 470 nm for 1h to 2h during the period from 06:30 to 09:00 in the morning after waking up, respectively. Assessment of Hamilton Anxiety Scale 14 items (HAMA14), Hamilton Depression Rating Scale 24 items (HAMD24), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), Morningness–Eveningness Questionnaire (MEQ), and Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) scores before and after 1 week of treatment. Pearson correlation was used to analyze the correlation between the efficacy of patients with sleep-wake phase delay disorder and HAMA14, HAMD24, PSQI, ISI, ESS, MEQ, SL (sleep time), TST (total sleep time), TTiB (total time in bed), SQ (sleep quality), TOA (total arousal time), WASO (wake after sleep onset), AAT (average arousal time), and SE (sleep efficiency percent). Multi-factor logistic regression analysis of factors influencing the efficacy of patients with sleep-wake phase delay disorder. Results After treatment, PSQI-G scores, number of nighttime awakenings and time of awakening recorded in the sleep diary decreased significantly in the observation group (P < 0.05), and subjective sleep quality and MEQ scores increased (P < 0.05). MEQ score shifted from “moderate night type” to “intermediate type”, sleep-wake phase tended to shift forward. The total PSQI score and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index Global (PSQI-G) score were significantly lower in the control group after treatment (P < 0.05). By Pearson correlation analysis, the efficacy of patients with sleep-wake phase delay disorder was significantly correlated with HAMA14, HAMD24, PSQI, ISI, ESS, MEQ, SL, TST, TTiB, SQ, TOA, WASO, AAT, and SE. Multifactorial logistic regression analysis revealed that the factors influencing the efficacy of patients with sleep-wake phase delay disorder were PSQI, ISI, ESS, MEQ, SL, TST, TTiB, SQ, TOA, WASO, AAT, and SE. Conclusion Blue light therapy has a positive effect on improving subjective sleep quality, reducing the number of nocturnal awakenings and the duration of nocturnal awakenings, improving daytime function, and shifting the sleep phase forward in patients with DSWPD. Blue light therapy improves subjective sleep quality and daytime function the following day in normal individuals.
Stopover use of a large estuarine wetland by dunlins during spring and autumn migrations: Linking local refuelling conditions to migratory strategies

Migratory strategies dictate stopover ecology, particularly concerning decisions of when, where and how long to stop, and what to do at stationary periods. In birds, individuals stop primarily to replenish energy stores, although the functions of stopover events vary among and within species, particularly between pre- and post-breeding seasons. Here, we combined plasma metabolite levels and haematological parameters to compare refuelling rates and physiological state within (early, mid, late) and between (spring, autumn) migratory periods, aiming to identify potentially different migratory strategies in a shorebird, the dunlin Calidris alpina, using a key stopover site in Iberia. Plasma triglycerides and β-hydroxybutyrate concentrations did not differ between seasons, and small differences were found in haematological profiles (higher haemoglobin and hematocrit levels in spring). Similar refuelling rates and physiological status suggests a single migratory strategy in spring and autumn. During both seasons, dunlins arrive at the Tagus estuary with medium-to-high fuel loads, indicating they do not engage in prolonged fuelling. This agrees with a skipping migratory strategy, where birds fly short-to-medium distances while fuelling at moderate rates along a network of sites. Although we may expect late spring migrants to experience stronger pressures to optimally schedule migratory events, we found no significant differences in physiological profiles among early, mid and late migrants. Unexpectedly, such differences were found in autumn: early birds showed the highest triglycerides and haemoglobin levels and lowest β-hydroxybutyrate concentrations. These results denote enhanced refuelling rates and blood oxygen-carrying capacity in early autumn migrants, which is typical of jumpers, i.e., birds travelling with larger fuel loads and performing fewer stops. Our study adds substantially to previous knowledge of stopover ecology in migratory shorebirds in the East Atlantic Flyway. Importantly, it indicates that the Tagus estuary is a high-quality stopover site for intermediate fuelling. Yet, understanding non-fuelling stopping functions is needed to ultimately inform conservation planning.
Impaired pulmonary ventilation beyond pneumonia in COVID-19: A preliminary observation

Background Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) may severely impair pulmonary function and cause hypoxia. However, the association of COVID-19 pneumonia on CT with impaired ventilation remains unexplained. This pilot study aims to demonstrate the relationship between the radiological findings on COVID-19 CT images and ventilation abnormalities simulated in a computational model linked to the patients’ symptoms. Methods Twenty-five patients with COVID-19 and four test-negative healthy controls who underwent a baseline non-enhanced CT scan: 7 dyspneic patients, 9 symptomatic patients without dyspnea, and 9 asymptomatic patients were included. A 2D U-Net-based CT segmentation software was used to quantify radiological futures of COVID-19 pneumonia. The CT image-based full-scale airway network (FAN) flow model was employed to assess regional lung ventilation. Functional and radiological features were compared across groups and correlated with the clinical symptoms. Heterogeneity in ventilation distribution and ventilation defects associated with the pneumonia and the patients’ symptoms were assessed. Results Median percentage ventilation defects were 0.2% for healthy controls, 0.7% for asymptomatic patients, 1.2% for symptomatic patients without dyspnea, and 11.3% for dyspneic patients. The median of percentage pneumonia was 13.2% for dyspneic patients and 0% for the other groups. Ventilation defects preferentially affected the posterior lung and worsened with increasing pneumonia linearly (y = 0.91x + 0.99, R2 = 0.73) except for one of the nine dyspneic patients who had disproportionally large ventilation defects (7.8% of the entire lung) despite mild pneumonia (1.2%). The symptomatic and dyspneic patients showed significantly right-skewed ventilation distributions (symptomatic without dyspnea: 0.86 ± 0.61, dyspnea 0.91 ± 0.79) compared to the patients without symptom (0.45 ± 0.35). The ventilation defect analysis with the FAN model provided a comparable diagnostic accuracy to the percentage pneumonia in identifying dyspneic patients (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, 0.94 versus 0.96). Conclusions COVID-19 pneumonia segmentations from CT scans are accompanied by impaired pulmonary ventilation preferentially in dyspneic patients. Ventilation analysis with CT image-based computational modelling shows it is able to assess functional impairment in COVID-19 and potentially identify one of the aetiologies of hypoxia in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia.
Immunogenetic Relationship of HLA-G 14 bp Insertion/Deletion Polymorphism and Toll-Like Receptor 9 with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus in Egyptian Patients: A Case-Control Study

Introduction The level of expression of the immunoregulatory human leukocyte antigen-G (HLA-G) has been suggested to play a role in the immunopathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). A 14 bp insertion/deletion (ins/del) polymorphism in the 3ˊuntranslated region of HLA-G gene may influence the level of expression. The role of Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) in the pathogenesis of SLE has been highlighted. Data among Egyptian patients are quite limited. Purpose To detect the association of HLA-G 14 bp ins/del gene polymorphism with the susceptibility to SLE and to correlate TLR9 serum level with disease activity among Egyptian patients. Patients and Methods A case-control study that included 102 SLE female patients and 102 healthy matched volunteers as controls was carried out. Disease activity in patients was determined using the modified Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index (SLEDAI). HLA-G 14 bp ins/del genotype was detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). TLR9 serum level was estimated using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique. Results The ins/ins genotype was significantly increased among SLE patients compared to healthy subjects (58.8% vs 9.8%; odds ratio [OR] = 11.79, P < 0.001). The 14 bp ins allele was significantly more frequent in SLE patients than in healthy subjects (65.7% vs 27.9%, respectively) and significantly associated with an increased risk of SLE (OR 4.94, P < 0.001). The mean TLR9 serum level showed a significant increase in SLE patients compared to healthy subjects (397.04±137.86 vs 195.22±45.14 ng/L, p < 0.001) and was significantly associated with disease activity as well as to patients’ HLA-G genotypes (p < 0.001). Conclusion Among Egyptian population, HLA-G 14 bp ins/ins homozygous genotype and ins allele may constitute a potential risk for SLE susceptibility, while TLR9 serum level is significantly associated with disease activity.