Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Jacobi-Davidson algorithm for solving large sparse symmetric eigenvalue problems with application to the design of accelerator cavities

Acknowledgements This work would not have been possible without the help of many people. First of all I would like to thank Prof. Dr. Walter Gander for giving me the opportunity to do my Ph.D. thesis in his group. His guidance and encouragement were always a great help. My special thank goes to Dr. Peter Arbenz, my supervisor during all these years. With his support he contributed a great deal to this work. He was there to answer many of my questions and to help me dealing with difficult problems. He gave me the opportunity and freedom to learn a great variety of methods and to realise my own ideas. I'm very much obliged to Prof. Dr. Henk van der Vorst for accepting to be co-examiner of this thesis. I'm very grateful to the three of them for reviewing the entire thesis and giving valuable suggestions. A special thank goes to all my present and former co-workers in the group, We had many inspiring and not only scientific discussions. They all contributed a lot to a pleasant working atmosphere, together with all the other members of the institute. Further, I want to thank the following people: Dr. Stefan Adam, who was one of the initiators of this project, for his support in the early stages of this work; Dr. Hans-Rudolf Fitze, Markus Bopp and Lukas Stingelin for providing me the mesh data of the accelerator cavities and giving me some insight into accelerator cavity design; Stefan Röllin for contributing to the optimisation and parallelisation of the sparse matrix vector multiplication; Anne Preisig for helping me with the translation of this document. I would like to express my gratitude to all the people who dedicated their time to develop the free and open source software which was essential for realising this project. Furthermore, I want to thank all those who have supported me in non-work related terms. In this respect I am especially grateful to Regula, my family and all my friends for the moral support during this long and interesting time. Last but not least, I want to thank everyone else who kept asking all these years: " Have you finished your thesis yet? " Silencing that question is an extra benefit of this work. Summary This thesis deals with the computation of electromagnetic oscillations in cavities of particle accelerators. The time-harmonic Maxwell equations, which describe these electromagnetic oscillations , …
Prospect theory and IPO returns in China 1

This paper provides a new cumulative prospect theory (PT) perspective on IPOs by proposing a median-based expected skewness measure as the reference point for potential investors. Since our sample of 837 book-built Chinese IPOs over the 2006-2012 period comprises of 30% negative and 70% positive skewness issues, this paper reveals novel findings on the left-skewed IPOs that enjoy a mean first-day return of 65.61% compared with 56.55% for the right-skewed subsample. A one standard-deviation increase in skewness lead to an increase of 10.41 percentage points in the first-day return which is virtually 50% larger than that on right-skewed IPOs. While left-skewed IPOs exhibit a significantly positive relationship between offer price discounting and (absolute) skewness, the relationship for right-skewed IPOs is insignificant. A one-standard-deviation shock to skewness deepens discounting by left-skewed IPOs by 21.21 percentage points, making such IPOs susceptible to nominal price illusion. A skewness shock attracts more than double the mean value of retail orders to the leftthan to the right-skewed subsample although the latter attracts 26% more investors. Prospect theory suggests that investors in left-skewed IPOs tend to flip to exploit the deep discounting (relative to their underlying value) on the first trading day rather than gamble on possible long run gains. Relatedly, their long run return measures are independent of absolute skewness but we find significantly inverse relationships between these variables for right-skewed IPOs. Overall, our PT framework provides the basis for a more nuanced picture of the motives for IPO investment and their contrasting implications for initial and long run returns. JEL Classification: G32
Preparations for Multimodal Analytics of an Enactive Critical Thinking Episode

: Multimodal analytics provides a different perspective to understand and characterise learning tasks and potentially model the process. However, the logistics and the analysis process are often cumbersome to easily adopt the approach. We had earlier developed a platform that enables us to synchronise learning environment interaction data and signal streams from various physiological sensors. Also a framework was proposed that looked at critical thinking as a constituent of its interactions and developed an embodied cognition narrative. In this study we used ENaCT, the online critical thinking task environment and studied an episode of critical thinking that a participant attempted in it. We collected physiological data, specifically signals from EEG and GSR sensors along with the interaction logs within the ENaCT environment. We present an initial analysis of the multimodal data.
Load-Shifting under Perfect and Partial Information: Models, Robust Policies, and Economic Value

The paper analyzes the optimal response of an individual consumer, with a deferrable demand for electricity, to exogenous and stochastic prices, as well as the macro dynamics that emerges from aggregating the optimal responses of a large number of consumers. It is assumed that consumers can delay their time-ﬂexible demands, which are known a-priori, up to a ﬁxed deadline. Using ﬁnite-horizon stochastic dynamic programming with some mild assumptions on the stochastic price process, it is shown that the optimal strategy for the user is to consume only when the price is less than or equal to a certain threshold that depends only on the time left to the deadline, and the price statistics. This analysis is performed under both perfect and partial information about the price distribution, and robust policies with performance guarantees are derived. The performance bounds are also used for deriving upper and lower bounds on the economic value of load-shifting. A dynamic aggregate model is constructed from independent individual consumers with random arrival times and random deadlines. Under this model, the aggregate demand becomes a function of price history and the arrival rates. A consistent and unbiased estimator which only uses the history of price versus total consumption is presented for estimating the aggregate demand as a function of price. It is observed that optimal load-shifting can create a considerable amount of price elasticity, even though the average consumption remains constant. induce correlation in the consumption of diﬀerent consumers, it is not a-priori clear that consumer arrival rates can be estimated from price-consumption history. Finally, we show that optimal load-shifting can create a considerable amount of price elasticity, even though the overall consumption remains constant.
How sensitive are bank market values to regulatory adjustments of capital?

We measure the sensitivity of bank market values to capital and to regulatory adjustments applied to bank capital. Results for U.S. banks over the years 2001-2020 show that the sensitivity of banks’ market values to measures of bank capital e.g. book equity, Tier 1, and Total Capital, converges to a one-to-one relationship when market uncertainty is low and when banks’ Tier 1 ratios reach 12 percent of RWAs. Market values are more sensitive to changes in capital of highly geared banks when market uncertainty is high; with shareholders responding positively in particular to increases in Tier 1 and Total Capital. Share prices are less sensitive to deductions from capital. The methods we adopt thus show, with some precision, which adjustments proposed by regulators have positive and which adjustments have negative effects on market valuations of banks.
Design, Implementation and Evaluation of Web-Based Electronic Logbooks for Anesthetic and Operating Room Students in Clinical Setting

Introduction: Using novel methods of clinical evaluation is an important policy of educational institutions. Logbooks are among the most effective, novel techniques of clinical activity evaluation. The present study aimed to design, implement, and evaluate an electronic logbook to enhance the quality of evaluating operating room and anesthesiology field apprentices. Materials and Methods: This was a combined research. In the qualitlative stage, field apprenticeship logbooks were developed using the Delphi method in a purpose-based manner. Following that, the web-based electronic version was designed for Android. In the quantitative stage, clinical evaluation was performed on 30 BSc students of operating room and anesthesiology at Sabzevar School of Paramedical Sciences, Iran. At the end of the semester, a satisfaction scale was completed by the students and analyzed using descriptive statistics. Results: In total, operating room students of the seventh semester (n=18) and anesthesiology students of the eighth semester (n=12) were enrolled in the study. The mean age of the participants was 21-22 years. The operating room and anesthesiology students had favorable and excellent satisfaction with all the items of the clinical apprenticeship evaluation using the electronic logbook. Conclusion: According to the results, using an electronic logbook by clinical professors could enhance the performance of students and motivate students to increase their clinical competence in conducting various procedures in the operating room during the apprenticeship period.
Pareto-DQN: Approximating the Pareto front in complex multi-objective decision problems

In many real-world problems, one needs to care about multiple objectives. These objectives can be contradicting and, depending on the decision maker, the different compromises will be ranked differently. In this preliminary work, we propose a novel algorithm: Pareto-DQN, that will estimate the Pareto front of complex environment, with a high-dimensional state-space. As a proof-of-concept, we successfully apply our algorithm to the Deep-Sea-Treasure environment, a well known Multi-objective reinforcement learning benchmark.
Electricity Usage, Future Earnings, and Stock Prices

: In this paper, we examine whether the change of electricity usage is informative about subsequent earnings changes. We anticipate that electricity usage is a leading indicator for future sales and increased electricity will lead to higher earnings. Using hand-collected data on electricity usage for Korean firms for the sample period of 2006- 2014, we find a positive association between changes in electricity usage and subsequent earnings after controlling for factors that may affect future profitability. We also report that changes in electricity usage predict future stock returns. A positive relation between electricity changes and future returns still holds even after controlling for the fundamental signals and various risk factors. A hedge portfolio strategy that buys the top quintile of electricity changes and sells the bottom quintile of electricity changes leads to an economically significant 4.80% annual abnormal return. In addition, we find evidence that the positive relation between changes in electricity and future returns is more salient for firms with high information asymmetry. Overall, the results suggest that firms’ electricity usage is an important indicator for future profitability and investors do not fully incorporate the implications of electricity usage for future profitability.
Copula econometrics to evaluate the simultaneity between crime and private policing

Summary : Clotfelter’s model indicates that an increase in private policing has an ambiguous effect on crime across an urban area. Although this is often cited in the literature, we have found few attempts to test this hypothesis, perhaps because it involves several econometric challenges. This paper presents a framework to solve this using city-level samples, applying copulas in Tobit marginals over indicators of crime and private policing. Using a sample of Brazilian cities, we ﬁnd evidence in favor of a kind of Clotfelter’s equilibrium. Resumo: O modelo de Clotfelter postula que um aumento no policiamento privado tem um efeito ambíguo em uma área urbana. Embora isso seja frequentemente citado na literatura, nós encontramos poucas tentativas para testar essa hipótese, talvez porque isso envolva alguns de-saﬁos econométricos. Esse artigo apresenta uma estrutura para resolver isso usando amostras em nível de cidades, aplicando copulas em marginais Tobit sobre indicadores de crime e policiamento privado. Usando uma amostra de cidades brasileiras, nós encontramos evidência em favor de um tipo de equilíbrio de Clotfelter.
Abstrak. Persaingan bisnis yang semakin berkembang mengharuskan perusahaan lebih memperhatikan dalam menjamin aksesibilitas modal. Pemenuhan kebutuhan modal perusahaan dapat diperoleh secara internal maupun eksternal. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh

oday’s business competition has forced many companies to work hard to achieve their main goals. Maximizing the company's value is one of the main goals of every company. Determining the proportion of T Abstract. Growing business competition expects companies to pay more attention to ensuring capital accessibility. Fulfillment of capital needs can be obtained both internally and externally from the company. The purpose of this research is to analyze the influence of firm size, activity, and profitability on capital structure moderated by investment opportunity set in multi-industry sector companies. The population in this research is a multi-industry sector company listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange, with a research period of 2015 to 2019. The data analysis techniques used in this research are descriptive statistical analysis, classical assumption test, hypothesis test, and residual test for regression moderation analysis on SPSS. The results of this study showed that firm size and activity had a positive and significant effect, while profitability had a significant effect on the capital structure, Investment Opportunity Sets (IOS) play a role in moderating the influence of firm size, activity, and profitability on capital structures. The practical implications on this study, companies that have high investment opportunities it means companies have the opportunity to grow which has an impact on investors’ profits in the future. For companies, it helps managers in determining optimal capital structure policies in maximizing the company’s profit and creating well-being for investors.
Comparison of the Influence of Different Nucleic Acid Extraction Assays on the Sensitivity of Trypanosoma cruzi-Specific Real-Time PCR

For the molecular diagnosis of Chagas disease by real-time PCR (polymerase chain reaction), optimization of diagnostic accuracy is desirable. The detection limit of real-time PCR assays for the diagnosis of Trypanosoma cruzi in human serum is affected by various influences including the choice of the nucleic acid extraction assay. In this study, three nucleic acid extraction assays were compared regarding their influence on the sensitivity of a T. cruzi-specific real-time PCR with 62 reference sera containing T. cruzi target DNA (deoxyribonucleotide acid). More than 95% of the positive sera were correctly identified after all three nucleic acid extraction strategies with a detection rate ranging from 96.8% (60/62) for the worst assay to 100% (62/62) for the best one. A matched pairs analysis for the comparison of the cycle threshold (Ct) values obtained with the 59 reference samples with positive real-time PCR results after all three nucleic acid extraction schemes indicated differences in a range of about 3 Ct steps. Summarized, all three compared nucleic acid extraction schemes were basically suitable for T. cruzi-specific PCR from serum with some minor differences. However, in the case of low quantities of circulating parasite DNA in the serum of a patient with Chagas disease, even minor effects can make a difference in the individual diagnosis.
Student-generated Questioning and Quality Questions: A Literature Review

Promoting students’ comprehension level is a global concern in education. For example, researchers report on students’ low-level of achievement in reading comprehension in different areas in the world. As an instructional technique to improve students’ reading comprehension level, student-generated questioning has been investigated. Student-generated questioning requires students to identify the important information after reading a passage, and to generate questions about the points that the students think important. Though there are large amounts of empirical research on student-generated questioning, few studies were conducted on incorporating theoretical basis, up-to-date issues, or highlighting the future direction with a pedagogical viewpoint. Therefore, this study reviews empirical and theoretical evidence of student-generated questioning as an instructional technique; summarizes theoretical foundations based on the empirical evidence; identifies current issues in this research field; and makes a suggestion for future direction based on the analytic review of empirical research. An extensive literature search was conducted for the purposes. Along with the effectiveness of student-generated questioning, theoretical frameworks, and the issue of quality question, consistent guidance, and the use of technology were discussed.
Perturbative and non-perturbative aspects of orientifold compactifications

This thesis mainly focuses on novel stringy instanton effects in orientifold compactifications. Such effects are known to generate superpotential couplings which are perturbatively forbidden due to U(1) selection rules arising from the Green-Schwarz mechanism. We discuss their gauge transformation behavior and zero mode structure and give an outline of how to compute these non-perturbative effects. Here we focus for concreteness on type IIA compactifications, where the instantons are given by E2-instantons, wrapping a three-cycle in the internal manifold and are pointlike in the four-dimensional spacetime. Later we embed E2-instantons in local setups and give various examples of instanton induced superpotential couplings which are otherwise forbidden. In all these configurations non-perturbative effects give a natural explanation for hierarchies which are only poorly understood from the field theoretical point of view. Furthermore, we explicitly compute the instanton induced mass term of Majorana masses for right-handed neutrinos by using conformal field theory techniques. Finally we investigate under what circumstances instantons provide the correct zero mode structure to induce superpotential corrections. We analyze two different strategies to lift additional undesired instanton zero modes. First we discuss the process of instanton recombination, and show that generically one needs additional instantons to generate superpotential couplings. With these multi-instantons we show that the class of superpotential contributing BPS instantons is much richer than mostly considered. Later we study the lifting of undesired zero modes in the type IIB framework with supersymmetric background flux. We show that indeed in certain situations the background fluxes lift the zero modes and the instanton gives rise to
T HE I MPACTS OF L ABELING B IASES ON F AIRNESS C RITERIA

Our the impacts of statistical biases on the efficacy of existing fairness criteria in social biases. In particular, we investigate, both analytically and numerically, whether/which fairness criteria remain robust to biased training data generated by a prior decision maker who made errors when assessing qualified individuals from the disadvantaged group. We some existing fairness criteria (Demographic Parity and True Positive Parity) to statistical biases compared to (Equalized Odds and False Positive Rate Parity). We on the of this by how prior qualification assessment biases impact the training data, and contrasting between the population characteristics that are used by each fairness criterion. We then artificially induce label biases in three real-world datasets (FICO, Adult, and German credit score), and numerically support our analytical findings. Our results can serve as an additional guideline when choosing among existing fairness criteria, or when proposing new criteria. They can inform decision makers who suspect that their available data may suffer from statistical biases, and who can accordingly select robust fairness criteria that would continue to be met in spite of any potential data biases.
Performance, Carcass Traits, Pork Quality and Expression of Genes Related to Intramuscular Fat Metabolism of Two Diverse Genetic Lines of Pigs

We aimed to evaluate the performance, carcass and pork quality traits, as well as the mRNA expression of genes related to intramuscular fat deposition in female pigs from different genetic lines. A total of eighteen female pigs (Large White × Landrace × Duroc × Pietrain) × (Large White × Landrace) (Hybrid) averaging 88.96 ± 3.44 kg in body weight and twelve female pigs (Duroc) × (Large White × Landrace) (Duroc) averaging 85.63 ± 1.55 kg in body weight were assigned to a completely randomized design experimental trial that lasted 45 days. Pigs from both genetic lines received the same diet, which was initially adjusted for their nutritional requirements from 0 to 17 days of age and subsequently adjusted for nutritional requirements from 17 to 45 days of age. The performance of pigs did not differ among groups (p > 0.05). Duroc pigs showed a lower backfat thickness (p < 0.03) and greater intramuscular fat content (p < 0.1). A greater mRNA expression of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma gene (PPARγ, p = 0.008) and fatty acid protein translocase/cluster differentiation (FAT/CD36, p = 0.002) was observed in the Longissimus dorsi muscle of Duroc pigs. Similarly, a greater expression of PPARγ (p = 0.009) and FAT/CD36 (p = 0.02) was observed in the Soleus muscle of Duroc pigs. Overall, we observed that despite the lack of differences in performance between the genetic groups, Duroc pigs had greater intramuscular fat content than hybrid pigs. The increased intramuscular fat content was associated with an increase in the mRNA expression of key transcriptional factors and genes encoding enzymes involved in adipogenesis and lipogenesis in glycolytic and oxidative skeletal muscle tissues.
A general interpolation technique in fuzzy rule bases with arbitrary membership functions

Presents a general multidimensional fuzzy rule interpolation method. This method, compared to the existing interpolation methods, can be applied to arbitrary type of fuzzy sets, and does not require convex and normal sets in the rules. Another important difference is the new method gives an interpretable conclusion in every case, unlike the previously published methods. As a matter of course, to apply arbitrary type of sets, the general method makes calculation necessary for "every point" of the sets. A special method, based on the theory of the general method, is introduced for application in practice, which needs low computational capacity. The specialised method uses three of the most wide spread set types in practice: the crisp, the triangular, and the trapezoidal fuzzy sets. The difference between the new and the former methods is pointed out by examples and the results of different formal methods.