Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Imaging Correlates between Headache and Breast Cancer: An [18F]FDG PET Study

Simple Summary [18F]Fluorodeoxyglucose ([18F]FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) provides information about metabolic patterns of different diseases and conditions. This study aimed to prospectively evaluate patients with breast cancer in order to describe specific brain metabolic patterns related to the presence or absence of primary forms of headache, namely tension-type headache (TTH) and migraine (MiG). Moreover, we explored the association between primary headache forms and BC response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC). We observed a high rate of headache in the 46 BC analyzed patients. TTH patients exhibited areas of hypometabolism in specific brain regions before NAC. Moreover, our results suggest an association between primary headache, especially MiG, and treatment response to NAC. Collectively, our results support the hypothesis of a complex and dynamic interplay among BC, headache, and hormonal status. Abstract This study aimed to examine brain metabolic patterns on [18F]Fluorodeoxyglucose ([18F]FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) in breast cancer (BC), comparing patients with tension-type headache (TTH), migraine (MiG), and those without headache. Further association with BC response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) was explored. In this prospective study, BC patients eligible for NAC performed total-body [18F]FDG PET/CT with a dedicated brain scan. A voxel-wise analysis (two-sample t-test) and a multiple regression model were used to compare brain metabolic patterns among TTH, MiG, and no-headache patients and to correlate them with clinical covariates. A single-subject analysis compared each patient’s brain uptake before and after NAC with a healthy control group. Primary headache was diagnosed in 39/46 of BC patients (39% TTH and 46% MiG). TTH patients exhibited hypometabolism in specific brain regions before NAC. TTH patients with a pathological complete response (pCR) to NAC showed hypermetabolic brain regions in the anterior medial frontal cortex. The correlation between tumor uptake and brain metabolism varied before and after NAC, suggesting an inverse relationship. Additionally, the single-subject analysis revealed that hypometabolic brain regions were not present after NAC. Primary headache, especially MiG, was associated with a better response to NAC. These findings suggest complex interactions between BC, headache, and hormonal status, warranting further investigation in larger prospective cohorts.
OCULAR SURFACE COMFORT AND FACE MASKS: DRY EYE EPIDEMIC AMID COVID 19 PANDEMIC?

PURPOSE: The purpose of this research is evaluating the effects of wearing face masks on ocular health among medical students in the current COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS: The study includes 147 students in total, all are from Medical University in Pleven. They were interviewed anonymously about their eye health and comfort during periods of wearing face masks. RESULTS: Findings of the study highlighted that wearing face masks for prolonged periods decreases eye comfort levels. Most common presenting complaints were dryness, grittiness, scratchiness, soreness, burning and watering. Almost one quarter of interviewed students sometimes experienced eye fatigue or ocular discomfort. Severity of symptoms was described as “tolerable” in 30.8%, “uncomfortable” in 13%. Of the asked students 25.4% answered that their symptoms were getting worse while being with a protective face mask. In terms of longest uninterrupted time wearing face masks, results show: almost 20% reported more than 5 hours without break. CONCLUSIONS: As a conclusion of this study, it was observed that eye health and dry eye symptoms among medical students was adversely affected by wearing full face covering protective masks during the pandemic situation, which interferes with the quality of life and is an emerging public health issue.
Causal effects of specific gut microbiota on musculoskeletal diseases: a bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization study

Background Recent observational studies and clinical trials demonstrated an association between gut microbiota and musculoskeletal (MSK) diseases. Nonetheless, whether the gut microbiota composition has a causal effect on the risk of MSK diseases remains unclear. Methods Based on large-scale genome-wide association studies (GWAS), we performed a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to investigate the causal relationship between gut microbiota and six MSK diseases, namely osteoporosis (OP), fracture, sarcopenia, low back pain (LBP), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and ankylosing spondylitis (AS). Instrumental variables for 211 gut microbiota taxa were obtained from the largest available GWAS meta-analysis (n = 18,340) conducted by the MiBioGen consortium. And the summary-level data for six MSK diseases were derived from published GWAS. The inverse-variance weighted (IVW) method was conducted as a primary analysis to estimate the causal effect, and the robustness of the results was tested via sensitivity analyses using multiple methods. The Bonferroni-corrected test was used to determine the strength of the causal relationship between gut microbiota and various MSK diseases. Finally, a reverse MR analysis was applied to evaluate reverse causality. Results According to the IVW method, we found 57 suggestive causal relationships and 3 significant causal relationships between gut microbiota and MSK diseases. Among them, Genus Bifidobacterium (β: 0.035, 95% CI: 0.013–0.058, p = 0.0002) was associated with increased left handgrip strength, Genus Oxalobacter (OR: 1.151, 95% CI: 1.065–1.245, p = 0.0003) was correlated with an increased risk of LBP, and Family Oxalobacteraceae (OR: 0.792, 95% CI: 0.698–0.899, p = 0.0003) was linked with a decreased risk of RA. Subsequently, sensitivity analyses revealed no heterogeneity, directional pleiotropy, or outliers for the causal effect of specific gut microbiota on MSK diseases (p > 0.05). Reverse MR analysis showed fracture may result in a higher abundance of Family Bacteroidales (p = 0.030) and sarcopenia may lead to a higher abundance of Genus Sellimonas (p = 0.032). Conclusion Genetic evidence suggested a causal relationship between specific bacteria taxa and six MSK diseases, which highlights the association of the “gut-bone/muscle” axis. Further exploration of the potential microbiota-related mechanisms of bone and muscle metabolism might provide novel insights into the prevention and treatment of MSK diseases.
Integrated Circuit Mask–Generative Adversarial Network for Circuit Annotation With Targeted Data Augmentation

In recent years, deep-learning-based segmentation techniques have been applied to circuit annotation for the hardware assurance of integrated circuits (ICs). However, imperfections in circuit images often cause incorrectly segmented pixels, which result in critical circuit connection errors that are detrimental to subsequent circuit analysis. To mitigate such circuit connection errors, this article proposes a targeted data augmentation framework for deep-learning-based circuit annotation, termed IC Mask–Generative Adversarial Network (ICMG), which generates circuit images containing the aforementioned imperfections through generative-adversarial-network-based image translation from synthetic circuit masks. The circuit masks are synthesized by a novel mask generation process that incorporates our domain knowledge of IC layouts and is configurable to emulate various image imperfections, such as material residuals in the sample preparation or distortion in the imaging process. In our experiments on a microcontroller IC, our proposed ICMG greatly reduced the circuit connection errors and the required manual effort for data labeling compared to the reported techniques.
Incidence of Repeat Elbow Capsular Release After Arthroscopic Elbow Capsular Release

Background: Elbow capsular release can be performed arthroscopically or through an open method to improve range of motion (ROM). However, it is unclear how frequently patients require an open capsular release after unsatisfactory results from an arthroscopic release. Purpose/Hypothesis: The purpose of this study was to determine the percentage of patients who underwent an arthroscopic elbow release for loss of motion who then required a repeat elbow capsular release or other subsequent surgery on the same elbow. It was hypothesized that patients who underwent arthroscopic elbow release would rarely (<5%) require a subsequent elbow release. Study Design: Case series; Level of evidence, 4. Methods: Patients who underwent arthroscopic elbow capsular release from January 1, 2010, to December 31, 2019, were identified by chart review and procedure code. Demographic parameters, pre- and postoperative ROM, and surgical history were collected by chart review. Follow-up data included patient satisfaction and the Timmerman-Andrews (TA) elbow score. Data were compared between patients who did and those who did not require subsequent elbow surgery. Results: Overall, of 140 study patients (116 male, 24 female; mean age, 49.6 years), 18 (12.9%) required subsequent surgery, including 6 capsular releases (4.3%; 1 open and 5 arthroscopic). The most common follow-up procedure was ulnar nerve releases/transpositions (n = 7). Total arc of elbow motion (flexion to extension) improved by a mean of 51.4°. The mean TA score was 76.5 ± 20.4 at a mean of 5.25 years postoperatively. Mean satisfaction score was 77.6 ± 26.3. In this study, 82.4% of patients stated that their symptoms either improved or resolved completely. Patients who required subsequent surgery had a significantly lower preoperative total arc of elbow motion versus those who did not require subsequent surgery (P = .046). There was no difference between the groups in symptom resolution, satisfaction, ROM, or TA score (P ≥ .279 for all). Conclusion: After arthroscopic elbow release, <5% of patients required a repeat elbow capsular release, 12.9% required some form of follow-up elbow surgery, and 4.3% had a new injury of the elbow. Overall, patients saw improvement in elbow ROM, but many still had residual symptoms from their underlying disease after arthroscopic elbow capsular release.
Meta-Analysis of Implementation Intentions Interventions in Promoting Physical Activity among University Students

Implementation intentions (II) have demonstrated their efficacy in promoting physical activity (PA) among various populations, including adults, the general population, and those with chronic conditions. However, there is a dearth of meta-analyses examining this efficacy among university students. This meta-analysis aims to determine the effectiveness of II interventions in improving PA among university students. Six online databases (PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Central, PsycINFO, and PsycArticle) were comprehensively searched. Recursive searching and grey literature collection strategies were employed to identify relevant studies. The meta-analysis employed a random-effects model to combine effect sizes for different PA outcomes. The Cochrane Risk of Bias tool was used to assess the quality of the included studies, and sensitivity analysis was performed to assess the robustness of the results. Twelve studies involving 1916 participants met the inclusion criteria. The findings indicated that II interventions significantly increased PA among university students compared to control groups (standardized mean difference [SMD] = 0.31, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.12, 0.50, p < 0.001). Subgroup analyses revealed larger effect sizes in the following groups: publication year after 2013, inactive university students, the reinforcement group, the action planning group, and the intervention period of fewer than six weeks. The above findings offer compelling evidence that II interventions can effectively promote PA among university students. The integration of IIs with e-health platforms and the implementation of individualized and multifaceted intervention models exhibit promising sustainability for promoting PA on campus.
Development of Metridia pacifica (Crustacea: Copepoda) reared at different temperatures in the laboratory

Metridia pacifica is one of the most abundant calanoid copepods in the epipelagic zone of the subarctic Pacific Ocean and its marginal seas (Minoda 1971; Batchelder 1985; Hirakawa & Imamura 1993). M. pacifica is a primary herbivore (Hattori 1989), and its grazing pressure has been known to be high enough to consume a significant part of the low primary production during fall-winter in the eastern subarctic Pacific (Batchelder 1986). However, information about stage-to-stage developmental rates of this copepod is currently lacking, largely because of difficulties in resolving discrete cohorts in seasonal field samples (Batchelder 1985; Hirakawa & Ima mura 1993). As an alternative, laboratory-rearing has been demonstrated to be a powerful approach to gain information about the developmental patterns and generation lengths of many planktonic copepods (see Mauchline 1998 for review). To date, only a limited attempt at laboratory-rearing of M. pacifica has been made on its early naupliar stages (Pinchuk & Paul 1998). This study is the first report on successful rearing of M. pacifica from eggs to adults under controlled laboratory conditions. Live specimens of Metrida pacifica were collected at a sta tion (42°00'N, 141°30'N; 500m-depth) off Cape Esan, south ern Hokkaido, on April 2001 by vertical hauls with an 80-cm ring net (0.33 mm mesh) from near the bottom to the surface. Upon the retrieval of the net, the contents in the cod-end were diluted in 20-litre plastic containers filled with surface seawater and transported to a land laboratory within 4-5 h. At the same station, seawater was collected from 100 m depth with Niskin bottles, filtered through GF/F filters, and well oxy genated for use in the following experiments. At the land laboratory, adult female Metrida pacifica were sorted out from the other zooplankton and placed individually in 100-ml glass containers filled with filtered seawater, and the containers were placed in 3, 5 and 8°C incubators in the dark. These temperatures represent typical conditions M. pacifica
Multi-omics in HIV: searching insights to understand immunological non-response in PLHIV

Antiretroviral therapy (ART) induces persistent suppression of HIV-1 replication and gradual recovery of T-cell counts, and consequently, morbidity and mortality from HIV-related illnesses have been significantly reduced. However, in approximately 30% of people living with HIV (PLHIV) on ART, CD4+ T-cell counts fail to normalize despite ART and complete suppression of HIV viral load, resulting in severe immune dysfunction, which may represent an increased risk of clinical progression to AIDS and non-AIDS events as well as increased mortality. These patients are referred to as “immune inadequate responders”, “immunodiscordant responders” or “immune nonresponders (INR)”. The molecular mechanisms underlying poor CD4+ T-cell recovery are still unclear. In this sense, the use of omics sciences has shed light on possible factors involved in the activity and metabolic dysregulation of immune cells during the failure of CD4+ T-cell recovery in INR. Moreover, identification of key molecules by omics approaches allows for the proposal of potential biomarkers or therapeutic targets to improve CD4+ T-cell recovery and the quality of life of these patients. Hence, this review aimed to summarize the information obtained through different omics concerning the molecular factors and pathways associated with the INR phenotype to better understand the complexity of this immunological status in HIV infection.
Delamination imaging in composites using cross-correlation method by non-contact air-coupled Lamb waves

This paper presents a cross-correlation damage detection technique using damage scattered waves of all directions cross-correlate with the incident waves for delamination imaging in carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) composite plate. The presented imaging can not only detect the delamination but also precisely quantify the damage with locations and sizes. First, a CFRP composite sample with interlaminar delamination by inserting the Teflon layer is designed and manufactured in house using the hot-press machine. And a three-dimensional model of composite sample is simulated using the finite element method. Next, the cross-correlation imaging algorithm is introduced in detail, and the cross-correlation imaging proof-of-concept study is conducted with the simulated Lamb waves in the composite sample. Finally, a fully non-contact air-coupled transducer and scanning laser Doppler vibrometer system with a single-mode Lamb wave method is established to actuate and sense the interrogating Lamb waves in the structure. The imaging method is experimentally implemented for the one delamination and two delaminations imaging and quantification.
Stress and Burnout among Medical Workers in Indonesia: A Study during COVID-19 Pandemic

The COVID-19 pandemic has infected at least half a billion people around the world. As frontline workers, medical professionals inevitably experienced significant workloads and pressure. Adding to the common causal of COVID-19 mental issues such as economic, fears, and anxiety, these factors make medical workers more vulnerable to stress and burnout. This manuscript aims to investigate stress and burnout levels among medical workers during the COVID-19 pandemic. In this study, we include medical workers in Indonesia (n=161). We used the coronavirus stress measure (CSM) and COVID-19 burnout scale (COVID-19-BS) to measure the variables of interest. The data is collected through an anonymous online survey from November 2021 to January 2022. The result shows that the majority of the participants experienced a high intensity of stress and mild burnout during the third wave of COVID-19 infection in Indonesia (June 2021-August 2021). In addition, the regression test shows that there is a significant relationship between stress and burnout caused by COVID-19. When the stress intensity increases, it is likely that the burnout risk also increases. Considering that medical workers play important roles in mitigating diseases such as the COVID-19 pandemic, the medical workers and healthcare stakeholders must pay attention to these factors in order to maintain the medical worker's mental health and healthcare service quality.
Using volunteered information to map the Queensland floods

The recent flood events and tropical cyclones in Queensland have dramatically impacted on people's lives across the State. Damage in excess of five billion dollars has been reported and the cost to the economy continues to rise. Although most of the flooding has receded, the clean-up and re-building will continue for years. The Queensland floods were characterised by the unprecedented use of social media to report events as they happened and was used very effectively by the main stream media. Social media networks such as Twitter and Facebook, not only informed people of the events as they unfolded, they have now also provided a historical archive for use in future planning and mapping. Although the Commonwealth and State governments and the private sector did a magnificent job in mapping the flood events where possible, a number of gaps still exist. This paper discusses the use of volunteered geographic information such as photographs and videos to assist in mapping the flood extents in regions where there was little or no mapping available. Through the integration of volunteered information with existing geographic information, hydrological data and local knowledge, flood extents can be re-constructed and hence mapped.
Disease progression and patterns of recurrence of Oral Cancer to various treatment modalities – an observational study

Background: Oral cancer is a significant public health concern with diverse treatment modalities and high rates of recurrence. Understanding the disease progression and patterns of recurrence is crucial for optimizing treatment strategies and improving patient outcomes. This observational study aimed to investigate the disease progression and patterns of recurrence in oral cancer patients treated with various modalities. Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted using data from medical records of oral cancer patients treated at multiple health care institutions between March 2022 to February 2023 across Bhopal city. Demographic characteristics, tumor characteristics, treatment modalities, and long-term follow-up data were collected. The rates and patterns of recurrence, including local, regional, and distant recurrences were analyzed.SPSS 25.0 was used to analyse the data Results: The study included 237 patients with oral cancer. The majority of patients were males (64.9%) and presented with squamous cell carcinoma (81.8%). The most common site of oral cancer was tongue. Surgical resection was the primary treatment modality, with adjuvant therapies, such as radiation therapy and chemotherapy, utilized in majority of cases. The overall recurrence rate was 62.4%. Local recurrence occurred in 27.3% of patients, regional recurrence in 59.1% and distant metastasis in 13.6%. Conclusion: The findings highlight the importance of comprehensive surgical resection, the need for effective adjuvant therapies, and the challenges in achieving long-term disease control. The identified recurrence patterns and prognostic factors can guide treatment decision-making and risk stratification. Prospective studies and multi-institutional collaborations are warranted to validate these findings and advance the management of oral cancer.
Accuracy of Diagnostic Tests for Detecting Schistosoma mansoni and S. haematobium in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Introduction Schistosomiasis is causing high morbidity and significant mortality in endemic areas. Kato-Katz stool examination and urine filtration techniques are the conventional methods for the detection of intestinal and urinary schistosomiasis. The most appropriate diagnostic tools for the detection of schistosomiasis especially in low-prevalence settings should be used. Therefore, this study is aimed at investigating the diagnostic accuracy of S. mansoni and S. haematobium diagnostic tools in sub-Saharan Africa. Methods Electronic databases such as PubMed, PubMed Central/Medline, HINARI, Scopus, EMBASE, Science Direct, Google Scholar, and Cochrane Library were reviewed. The pooled estimates and heterogeneity were determined using Midas in Stata 14.0. The diagnostic accuracy of index tests was compared using the hierarchical summary of the receiver operating characteristic (HSROC) curve in Stata 14.0. Results Twenty-four studies consisting of 12,370 individuals were tested to evaluate the accuracy of antigen, antibody, and molecular test methods for the detection of S. mansoni and S. haematobium. The pooled estimate of sensitivity and specificity of CCA was 88% (95% CI: 83-92) and 72 (95% CI: 62-80), respectively, when it is compared with parasitological stool examination for S. mansoni detection. On the other hand, ELISA showed a pooled estimate of sensitivity and specificity of 95% (95% CI: 93-96) and 35% (95% CI: 21-52), respectively, for the examination of S. mansoni using stool examination as a reference test. With regard to S. haematobium, the pooled estimate of sensitivity and specificity of polymerase chain reaction was 97% (95% CI: 78-100) and 94% (95% CI: 74-99), respectively. Moreover, the sensitivity and specificity of urine CCA vary between 41-80% and 55-91%, respectively, compared to urine microscopy. Conclusion The effort of schistosomiasis elimination requires accurate case identification especially in low-intensity infections. This study showed that CCA had the highest sensitivity and moderate specificity for the diagnosis of S. mansoni. Similarly, the sensitivity of ELISA was excellent, but its specificity was low. The diagnostic accuracy of PCR for the detection of S. haematobium was excellent compared to urine microscopic examination.