Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Economic evaluations of artificial intelligence-based healthcare interventions: a systematic literature review of best practices in their conduct and reporting

Objectives: Health economic evaluations (HEEs) help healthcare decision makers understand the value of new technologies. Artificial intelligence (AI) is increasingly being used in healthcare interventions. We sought to review the conduct and reporting of published HEEs for AI-based health interventions. Methods: We conducted a systematic literature review with a 15-month search window (April 2021 to June 2022) on 17th June 2022 to identify HEEs of AI health interventions and update a previous review. Records were identified from 3 databases (Medline, Embase, and Cochrane Central). Two reviewers screened papers against predefined study selection criteria. Data were extracted from included studies using prespecified data extraction tables. Included studies were quality assessed using the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) checklist. Results were synthesized narratively. Results: A total of 21 studies were included. The most common type of AI intervention was automated image analysis (9/21, 43%) mainly used for screening or diagnosis in general medicine and oncology. Nearly all were cost-utility (10/21, 48%) or cost-effectiveness analyses (8/21, 38%) that took a healthcare system or payer perspective. Decision-analytic models were used in 16/21 (76%) studies, mostly Markov models and decision trees. Three (3/16, 19%) used a short-term decision tree followed by a longer-term Markov component. Thirteen studies (13/21, 62%) reported the AI intervention to be cost effective or dominant. Limitations tended to result from the input data, authorship conflicts of interest, and a lack of transparent reporting, especially regarding the AI nature of the intervention. Conclusion: Published HEEs of AI-based health interventions are rapidly increasing in number. Despite the potentially innovative nature of AI, most have used traditional methods like Markov models or decision trees. Most attempted to assess the impact on quality of life to present the cost per QALY gained. However, studies have not been comprehensively reported. Specific reporting standards for the economic evaluation of AI interventions would help improve transparency and promote their usefulness for decision making. This is fundamental for reimbursement decisions, which in turn will generate the necessary data to develop flexible models better suited to capturing the potentially dynamic nature of AI interventions.
Quantum Dot Optoelectronic Synaptic Devices With Long Memory Time Enabled by Trap Density Regulation

Optoelectronic synaptic devices based on 0-D materials, such as quantum dots (QDs), have emerged for neuromorphic computing due to their unique photoelectric properties and low-cost solution-based manufacturing process. In the field of QD optoelectronic synaptic devices, traps are considered to play an important role in memory. However, there are few studies on regulating traps to specify the memory ability of the device. Here, the relationship between traps and device memory ability is clarified through the research of optoelectronic synaptic devices based on the hybrid structure of CdSe/ZnS QDs and poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT). By regulating the trap density on the surface of CdSe/ZnS QDs, the memory ability of devices is enhanced to 2 times, and the memory time of the device reaches up to 350 s, with low energy consumption of 29.2 pJ for conducting a synaptic activity. In addition, the device can emulate essential synaptic functions, such as excitatory postsynaptic current (EPSC), short-term plasticity (STP), and long-term plasticity (LTP), which can be manipulated by light intensity, light pulse interval, and the number of light pulses. Furthermore, in the simulation of image recognition where the device conductance values are utilized as synaptic weights, the recognition accuracy achieves 90.86%, and maintains above 80% after 160 s of forgetting process.
Physiological Changes in the Levels of Anti-Cytokine Autoantibodies in Early Pregnancy Are Missing in Pregnant Women with Hashimoto's Thyroiditis

T helper type 1 (Th1) and inflammatory cytokines play essential roles in early pregnancy and also in the pathogenesis of Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT). Changes in the serum level of autoantibodies to cytokines, which may be able to modulate their availability and actions have been described in several autoimmune disorders. Yet, no data are available on anti-cytokine autoantibodies either during early pregnancy or in patients with HT. The aim of the study was to measure autoantibodies to inflammatory-, Th1- and Th22-cytokines in serum samples in healthy pregnancy (HP) and in pregnant women with HT (HTP). As pathological autoantibodies are hallmarks of HT, in addition we also measured anti-B-cell activator factor (BAFF) autoantibodies. The measurement was carried out with a Luminex multiplex assay and the Luminex MAGPIX Instrument, age-matched healthy women (HC) and women with HT (HT) were used as controls. In the first trimester of HP, anti-TNFα, anti-IL-8, and anti-IFNγ autoantibodies were significantly decreased, while autoantibodies to BAFF were significantly elevated compared to the HC. However, these alterations were not present in the HTP. Moreover, the levels of autoantibodies to IL-22 and TNFα were significantly increased in HTP compared to the HP. All differences in the levels of the investigated autoantibodies could be detected in the first trimester of pregnancies except for anti-IL-22 autoantibodies. According to our results we can conclude that alterations in the levels of autoantibodies to inflammatory and Th1 cytokines are physiological in the first trimester of pregnancy and their disturbance can be associated with autoimmune conditions such as HT.
Using GIS to link SEER-Medicare and California pesticide data: a population-based case-control study of pesticide exposure and hepatocellular carcinoma risk

Geographic information systems (GIS), used to analyze spatial data, represent a powerful method to study human health. This research demonstrates the usage of GIS in (1) designing a pesticide exposure metric and (2) linking population-based data sources to conduct an epidemiologic study examining the association between pesticide exposure and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The first study presents a new GIS method to estimate individual-level agricultural pesticide exposure in California. Landsat remotely sensed satellite images were classified into crop fields and matched to California Pesticide Use Report (PUR) agricultural pesticide application data. Pesticide exposure was calculated using pesticide-treated crop fields intersecting a 500-meter buffer around geocoded locations. Compared to the standard GIS method of matching PUR data to infrequently updated crop land use surveys (LUS’s), our method was able to match significantly more PUR temporary crop pesticide applications to Landsat vs. LUS crops (65.4% vs. 52.4%; n=2,466; McNemar’s p<0.0001). The second study explored different ways of scaling up Public Land Survey System (PLSS) section pesticide data, the geographic level of reporting for PURs, to the ZIP Code level. We observed substantial agreement between area-weighted ZIP Code pesticide application rates and gold standard census block rates in rural areas (weighted kappa 0.63; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.57, 0.69). Area weighting was used to estimate pesticide exposure in the third study. The third (and primary) study was a population-based case-control study examining the association between agricultural pesticide exposure and hepatocellular carcinoma in California via implementing a novel data linkage between Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER)-Medicare and PURs using Medicare ZIP Codes in a GIS. Among rural California residents, previous annual ZIP Code exposure to over 0.06 applied organochlorine pounds per acre significantly increased the risk of developing HCC after adjusting for liver disease and diabetes (odds ratio 1.52; 95% CI 1.02, 2.28; p=0.0415). This is the first epidemiologic study using GIS to examine pesticide exposure and HCC. The public health significance of this research is related to using epidemiologic, GIS, and biostatistical methods to form a better understanding of pesticides as a potential risk factor for HCC, which is increasing in incidence.
Corporate Social Responsibility as a Customer Retention Strategy in the Coffee Shop Industry in India

This study investigates the impact of customers' perceptions of multidimensional corporate social responsibility (philanthropic, ethical, legal, and economic) on coffee shop customer retention, which examines the case of Starbucks in India. The findings show that economic CSR, ethical CSR, and philanthropic CSR are all important contributors to enhanced brand attitude and service quality, according to PLS structural equation modelling of 300 survey responses. Client retention improved as a result of the relationships. The current study contributes to a broader understanding of CSR strategy in the coffee shop business, as well as valuable insights into the same, by revealing how various CSR actions impact customers' views of brand attitude, service quality, and customer retention
Rochagem e suas interações no ambiente solo: contribuições para aplicação em agroecossistemas sob manejo agroecológico

x INTRODUCAO GERAL 1 Referencias Bibliograficas 4 CAPITULO I – Po de gnaisse com adubacao orgânica: implicacoes sobre a qualidade do solo e a nutricao de plantas 8 RESUMO 8 1. Introducao 9 2. Materiais e Metodos 12 2.1. Obtencao e caracterizacao do po de rocha 13 2.2. Analises quimicas dos compostos orgânicos 14 2.3. Crescimento e analises quimicas das plantas 15 2.4. Colonizacao micorrizica das plantas 15 2.5. Analises de solo 15 2.6. Analises estatisticas 16 3. Resultados 16 3.1. Crescimento e nutricao das plantas 16 3.2. Colonizacao micorrizica das plantas 17 3.3. Alteracoes no solo 18 4. Discussao 23 4.1. Crescimento e nutricao das plantas 23 4.2. Colonizacao micorrizica das plantas 25 4.3. Alteracoes no solo 26 5. Conclusoes 31 6. Referencias Bibliograficas 31 CAPITULO II – Plantas, micorrizas e microbiota do solo na disponibilizacao de nutrientes de pos de rocha 39 RESUMO 39 1. Introducao 40 2. Materiais e Metodos 43
Coping with Hate: Exploring Indian Journalists’ Responses to Online Harassment

ABSTRACT In India, the ruling Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) employs a digital army of right-wing supporters to harass journalists who are critical of the party's Hindu-nationalist ideology. As a result, the country's press freedom rankings have significantly declined over the past decade. While scholars have examined the discursive strategies used by online Hindu nationalists against journalists, how reporters cope with these attacks remains unknown. This study investigates how Indian media professionals perceive the personal and professional consequences of harassment for themselves and the coping strategies they use to combat digital hate. In-depth interviews with 24 journalists reveal that they employ mechanisms such as strategic social disconnection, formation of alliance networks, and working for non-profit news sites and international media organizations to overcome the effects of social media harassment. The analysis also highlights that commercial media that are subservient to the Modi government failed to protect their reporters, while independent media outlets provide much more support to their employees. The findings underscore the need for social media companies to promptly respond to content flagged by journalists and allocate additional resources to moderate hate speech in India's local languages to safeguard journalists from sustained online abuse.
Sensitivity analysis of a process‐based ecosystem model: Pinpointing parameterization and structural issues

Dynamic vegetation models have been widely used for analyzing ecosystem dynamics and their interactions with climate. Their performance has been tested extensively against observations and by model intercomparison studies. In the present analysis, Lund‐Potsdam‐Jena General Ecosystem Simulator (LPJ‐GUESS), a state‐of‐the‐art ecosystem model, was evaluated by performing a global sensitivity analysis. The study aims at examining potential model limitations, particularly with regard to long‐term applications. A detailed sensitivity analysis based on variance decomposition is presented to investigate structural model assumptions and to highlight processes and parameters that cause the highest variability in the output. First‐ and total‐order sensitivity indices were calculated for selected parameters using Sobol's methodology. In order to elucidate the role of climate on model sensitivity, different climate forcings were used based on observations from Switzerland. The results clearly indicate a very high sensitivity of LPJ‐GUESS to photosynthetic parameters. Intrinsic quantum efficiency alone is able to explain about 60% of the variability in vegetation carbon fluxes and pools for a wide range of climate forcings. Processes related to light harvesting were also found to be important together with parameters affecting forest structure (growth, establishment, and mortality). The model shows minor sensitivity to hydrological and soil texture parameters, questioning its skills in representing spatial vegetation heterogeneity at regional or watershed scales. In the light of these results, we discuss the deficiencies of LPJ‐GUESS and possibly that of other, structurally similar, dynamic vegetation models and we highlight potential directions for further model improvements.
Impact of village-level rodent control practices on rodent populations and rice crops in Vietnam.

In Vinh Phuc, Vietnam, data on the species composition, population abundance, breeding, and habitat use of the main rodent pest species were obtained. Four sites were selected for a replicated field experiment to examine the effectiveness of ecologically-based rodent management at a village-level scale. We present 14 months’ data from the beginning of the experiment, the first 11 months of which were before any management actions were imposed. Livetrapping was conducted every month within three different habitats of the rice-growing area. The main rodent species present were Rattus argentiventer (58%), R. losea (22%) and R. rattus (12%). There were two main peaks in population abundance, each following harvest of the main rice crops. Captures of rats were very low from March to May, at the end of the winter crop season when vegetable crops were grown. Breeding was evident from maximum tillering to just after harvest for each of the spring rice crops and summer rice crops. The use of habitats was slightly different for R. argentiventer and R. losea, with more R. argentiventer trapped along big channel banks compared with small banks and big banks. When the abundance of R. argentiventer was low, more R. losea were trapped along big channel banks, and when more R. argentiventer were trapped, R. losea favoured small banks, which suggested interspecific competition. It will be important, therefore, that any practice imposed to manage R. argentiventer also manages R. losea. Based on our understanding of the rodent community and population dynamics, we developed a series of rodent management practices to reduce damage to crops. These included targeting rodent management within refuge habitats early in the growth of the rice crop and the application of a community trap–barrier system.
Cinétique et production de deux moulières naturelles de l'Est algérois. Influence des facteurs thermiques et anthropiques

Un suivi regulier de deux populations de moules Mytilus galloprovincialis et Perna perna a ete mene de la fin 1984 au debut 1991 dans deux moulieres naturelles de l'Est algerois, Bordj El Kiffan et Boudouaou; des prelevements ont ete effectues seulement de 1978 a 1979, puis de 1992 a 1993, sur la premiere mouliere. Les densites maximales chez les deux especes depassent 10000 ind. m -2 au printemps et en ete a la suite d'importants depots de naissain. A Bordj El Kiffan, M. galloprovincialis reste l'espece dominante avec des densites en moyenne 50 fois plus elevees que celles de P. perna. A Boudouaou, P. perna presente, jusqu'en aout 1988, des effectifs 1,7 fois plus importants que ceux de M. galloprovincialis. De 1986 a 1988, les biomasses moyennes annuelles en poids sec de chair, sont chez P. perna egalement plus importantes a Boudouaou (0,886 kg. m -2 ) qu'a Bordj El Kiffan (0,486 kg. m -2 ). Chez M. galloprovincialis, en revanche, elles sont plus elevees a Bordj El Kiffan (0,791 kg. m -2 ) qu'a Boudouaou (0,224 kg. m -2 ). Les productions moyennes d'accumulation de 2,6 kg. m -2 . an -1 et de transfert de 2,4 kg. m -2 . an -1 chez M. galloprovincialis de Bordj El Kiffan sont du meme ordre de grandeur que celles de P. perna de Boudouaou (2,2 kg. m -2 . an- 1 et 2,3 kg. m -2 . an -1 respectivement). Les productions les plus importantes sont fournies, dans la majorite des cas, par les individus âges de plus d'un an. La productivite moyenne (P/B) est superieure a 2. Le rapport E/B est voisin de 3 chez les deux especes a Bordj El Kiffan et de 2,65 chez P. perna a Boudouaou, alors qu'il n'est que de 0,68 chez M. galloprovincialis dont la population, a partir d'aout 1988, s'avere etre en voie de reconstitution. Dans les deux stations, l'effondrement des populations, semble plus la consequence de l'action anthropique que le resultat d'une quelconque influence des facteurs climatiques: importants rejets des eaux usees, ensevelissement sous le sable de la mouliere de Boudouaou suite a des travaux d'amenagement dans la zone, recoltes anarchiques et excessives dans les deux sites.
Efficacy and Safety of Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitors to Decrease the Risk of Cardiovascular Diseases: A Systematic Review

Cardiovascular disorders are one of the most frequent causes of death in people throughout the world. These disorders can account for the deaths of 31% of people worldwide. This systematic review examines the effectiveness of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors in lowering the likelihood of cardiovascular diseases. The study aimed to evaluate various types of research, including randomized controlled trials and observational studies, to analyze how SGLT2 inhibitors impact cardiovascular disorders and establish evidence-based recommendations for clinical practice. The data in this research study were collected from 19 relevant published research articles. The key findings emphasized the potential advantages of SGLT2 inhibitors in reducing major cardiovascular disorders, such as myocardial infarction and stroke. Nonetheless, the study had certain limitations, including reliance on existing literature, exclusion of articles published prior to 2018, and restriction to English-language studies. Despite these limitations, this study contributed significantly to understanding the role of SGLT2 inhibitors in decreasing cardiovascular risk.
Combined L–S‐bands antenna module

A combined L–S-band antenna module consists of four rectangular patch antennas, two of which operate at the frequencies of the first harmonics (L-band), and two others at the frequencies of the second harmonics (S-band). The module is intended for use in super heterodyne signal reception circuits, for example in studying the various non-linear phenomena. The results of this study are presented in terms of improving the performance of each antenna and minimising their mutual influence. The resonance frequencies of the L-band antenna differ by 50 MHz. All the antennas radiate close to the zenith and their beamwidths in two principal planes are virtually the same. At the resonance frequencies, the reflection coefficient is S 11 < −30 dB for the transmitting antenna, and S 11 < −20 dB for the receiving antenna. The minimum allowable distance between the antennas is determined, at which their mutual influence can be neglected (S 12 < −50 dB).
Business Ethics and Intercultural Communication. Exploring the overlap between two academic fields

The paper offers a brief presentation of business ethics as an academic field, and of how it has approached the moral dimension of cross-cultural business activity, i.e. when companies operate in different countries, where stakeholders live in different societies and where norms and values reflect and are affected by cultural differences. Introductory definitions are illustrated by classic case examples and important issues addressed in this field. In a next step, cultural and ethical relativism are discussed, with reference to a four-fold table with combinations of both relativisms and to a process model. This model departs from cultural and moral relativism and outlines how one could transcend such relativism. Among several concluding theses the most important one is a claim that intercultural communication as an academic field can profit from using highly controversial business ethics cases for testing its competence (and for staying humble).
Simultaneous Bilateral Femoral Neck Fractures in a Pediatric Patient Attributed to Epilepsy Convulsion: A Case Report

Introduction: Bilateral femoral neck fractures are rare among children. Although several case reports have been published, fractures caused by epilepsy attacks in children have not been reported in the literature. This is the first report of simultaneous bilateral femoral neck fractures in a pediatric patient with epilepsy convulsions. Case Report: This is a case of a child with bilateral femoral neck fractures caused by epileptic seizures. A 13-year-old Japanese boy had an epileptic seizure and was admitted to our hospital. The patient complained of bilateral thigh pain. Plain radiography revealed a bilateral femoral neck fracture. Conclusion: The patient’s simultaneous bilateral femoral neck fractures were successfully managed with closed reduction and internal fixation, a careful postoperative course, and ultrasound fracture therapy. Despite the delay in diagnosis, bone union was confirmed 6 months postoperatively. Pediatric bilateral femoral neck fractures without a history of trauma are rare and likely to be missed. This case was a teachable experience highlighting the importance of being vigilant about fractures in children with postepileptic seizures.
USAGE OF AIR-CONDITIONERS AND WINDOWS IN RESIDENTIAL AREAS IN JOHOR BAHRU CITY: PLANNING METHODS OF COASTAL RESIDENTIAL AREAS IN CONSIDERATION OF WIND FLOW

This study discusses planning methods of residential areas in coastal cities, focusing on the effect of wind flow. This aims to determine strategies that reduce energy consumption in residential areas, targeting especially a reduction in the use of air-conditioners. As a part of the above study, this paper presents the findings of a questionnaire survey on usage of windows and air-conditioners among selected households in apartment houses in Johor Bahru City, Malaysia and compares the results with those in terraced houses surveyed previously.