Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Demographic and Clinical Factors Associated with Development of Type 2 Diabetes: A Review of the Literature

Abstract Diabetes mellitus is a complex and chronic condition that requires lifelong management and interaction with a healthcare system. Failure to control risk factors through preventive care may lead to a host of diabetes-related complications. Underperforming healthcare systems and poor awareness among the general population/healthcare professionals has been suggested as reasons why so many patients remain undiagnosed. Due to the asymptomatic nature of early and even intermediate diabetes mellitus, several years may pass without any diagnosis before complications begin to manifest. Other factors include age, gender, ethnicity, education, marital and unemployment status which may also increase the risk of developing morbidity and mortality associated with diabetes mellitus. This review summarizes the current demographic risk factors and clinical characteristics associated with diabetes mellitus. A literature search was conducted using PubMed, MEDLINE, and Sabinet by using the following search terms: diabetes mellitus, risk factors, characteristics and complications.
Anxiety, Depression, Stress, and Decision-Making Among Orphans and Non-Orphans in Pakistan

Purpose Orphanhood is a time which involves many psychological and emotional problems. Lack of self-determination and inability to take decision puts orphans at risk of anxiety. In Pakistan, there is minimal evidence which explores the relationship between anxiety, depression, stress, and decision-making among orphans. The aim of the study is to explore the relationship between anxiety, depression, stress, and decision-making among orphans and non-orphans adolescents. Methods The sample size consisted of 150 orphans and 150 non-orphans adolescents (n=300). The data were collected from different orphanages and schools located in the city of Lahore, Pakistan. The instruments used were Depression, Anxiety & Stress Scales (DASS) and the Adolescent Decision Making Questionnaire (ADMQ). Descriptive statistics was used to determine the mean, standard deviations, and range. Pearson product moment was used to determine the correlation. The independent t test was performed to determine gender differences, and simple regression analysis was used to predict the effect of social interaction anxiety. Results The correlation matrix for decision making, stress, anxiety, depression and DASS indicated that decision making has significant correlation with stress (r= 0.30, **p<0.01), anxiety (r=0.27**, p<0.01) and depression (r= 0.15*, p<0.05). Independent t test revealed significant gender differences between orphan and non-orphans (M=9.45, SD=5.06) (M=8.03, SD=3.61) t(217)=2.48 p=0.01 <0.05. Simple regression analysis indicated that anxiety is a significant predictor of decision making β = 0.276, F=17.90, p<0.001. Conclusion The study has implications. First, there is a need to raise awareness at governmental and non-governmental institutions towards finding therapeutic programs for orphans. Second, screening for depression and mental and psychological care should be integrated into routine health care provided to orphans. Third, there should be furnishing of life skills training for orphans such as stress management, coping skills, problem-solving, and decision-making skills.
Vedolizumab in the Treatment of Ulcerative Colitis: An Evidence-Based Review of Safety, Efficacy, and Place of Therapy

Introduction Selective blockade of the integrins and mucosal adhesion molecules is a promising therapeutic strategy for ulcerative colitis (UC). Vedolizumab (VDZ), a humanized IgG1 monoclonal antibody against α4β7 integrin, selectively blocks the trafficking of the leukocytes into the gastrointestinal tract through its binding with the α4β7 integrin. Aim In this review, we provide an overview of the unique mechanism of VDZ, along with its efficacy, safety, and pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic data obtained from clinical trials, observational studies, and meta-analyses. Evidence Review A positive exposure–efficacy relationship with regard to clinical remission and clinical response was apparent in VDZ induction therapy. No drug-specific safety signals are currently available. Place in Therapy VDZ has been shown to be effective as first- or second-line induction and maintenance therapy in UC. Conclusion VDZ is a safe and effective treatment option for patients with UC. Prolonged VDZ induction therapy may contribute to improved outcomes in patients with UC, particularly those previously treated with tumor necrosis factor-α. Prospective head-to-head study of VDZ and other biologics would alter the positioning of VDZ much more clearly.
Co-Delivery of Curcumin and Cisplatin to Enhance Cytotoxicity of Cisplatin Using Lipid-Chitosan Hybrid Nanoparticles

Background Lipid-polymer hybrid nanoparticles (LPHNP) are suitable for co-delivery of hydrophilic and lipophilic drugs. The structural advantages of polymers and biomimetic properties of lipids enable higher encapsulation of drugs and controlled release profile. Lipid-polymer hybrid nanoparticles have been prepared for co-delivery of curcumin and cisplatin for enhanced cytotoxicity against ovarian cancer. Material and Methods Chitosan, cisplatin, curcumin, Lipoid S75 were selected as structural components and ionic gelation method was used for preparation of LPHNPs. Nanoparticles were formed via ionic interaction of positively charged chitosan and negatively charged lipid. Results The optimized nanoparticles were of 225 nm with cationic charge. The encapsulation efficiency was greater than 80% with good drug loading. The drug release profile showed controlled release behavior of both curcumin and cisplatin simultaneously and the absence of burst release. The in vitro therapeutic efficacy and cellular association was evaluated using A2780 ovarian cell lines. To further investigate therapeutic efficacy, we developed 3D spheroids as tumor model to mimic the in vivo conditions. The cytotoxicity and uptake of co-loaded LPHNPs were evaluated on 3D spheroids and results indicated increased chemosensitization and enhanced therapeutic efficacy of co-loaded LPHNPs. Conclusion Lipid-polymer hybrid nanoparticles could be a suitable platform for co-delivery of curcumin and cisplatin for enhanced cytotoxic effect on ovarian cell lines.
Soil fertility and productivity of rice (Oryza sativa)-wheat (Triticum aestivum) cropping system in an Inceptisol as influenced by integrated nutrient management

A long term (I985-97) field experiment was carried out on Inceptisol with rice (Oryza sativa L.)-wheat (Triticum aestivum L. emend Fiori and Paol.) sequence to study the effect of integrated nutrient management on grain yield, straw yield, nutrient uptake and availability of nutrients in the soil. The results revealed that an 25% substitution of chemical fertilizer N through organics, viz famyard manure and green manuring of dhaincha (Sesbania acaleata L.) resulted significantly higher yield of rice up to 1993 than 50% NPK through organics while yield values were at par during last three years of cropping (1994-96). Among the different organic sources of N, farmyard manure and green manuring of dhaincha proved better than crop residues in increasing grain and straw yield and nutrient uptake by rice. Addition of farmyard manure and green manuring of dhaincha registered their residual effect on the succeeding wheat crop by producing higher uptake of nutrient and grain and straw yield of wheat. lntegrated use of inorganic and organics through farmyard manure, crop residues of wheat and green manuring of dhaincha improved the organic carbon, cation ex-change capacity and water·holding capacity significantly with remarkable decrease in bulk density. Available nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and sulphur increased significantly with organic sources of nutrient over their initial status of soil. Micronutrient cations were decreased in purely inorganic treated plots over control while remarkable build up in these cations was noted in organic treated plots.
Successful Treatment of Plaque Psoriasis with Allogeneic Gingival Mesenchymal Stem Cells: A Case Study

Plaque psoriasis is the most common type of psoriasis that manifests as red scaly patches with white scales affecting body areas including scalp, elbows, knees, trunk, and buttocks. Although many treatment options are available including novel biologics, no cure is available. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been safely used to treat a variety of human diseases. Allogeneic MSCs possess unique characteristics including hypoimmunogenicity, immunomodulatory, and anti-inflammatory properties, and they are currently being explored for potential therapeutic use for many systemic inflammatory diseases. The human gingival tissue is an easily accessible and obtainable source for the isolation of MSCs. MSCs from adult human gingiva are of fetal-like phenotype, multipotent, and easy to isolate and expand in vitro. Herein, we report a case of a 19-year-old man with a 5-year history of severe plaque psoriasis refractory to multiple topical and systemic therapies who was treated with allogeneic human gingival MSCs. Complete regression was achieved after 5 infusions with no adverse reaction occurred. The patient has been followed for three years and has remained disease free.
Supported Housing as a recovery option for long-stay patients with severe mental illness in a psychiatric hospital in South India: Learning from an innovative de-hospitalization process

Individuals with severe mental illness have long been segregated from living in communities and participating in socio- cultural life. In recent years, owing to progressive legislations and declarations (in India and globally), there has been a growing movement towards promoting social inclusion and community participation, with emphasis on the need to develop alternative and inclusive care paradigms for persons with severe mental illness. However, transitions from inpatient care to community settings is a complex process involving implications at multiple levels involving diverse stakeholders such as mental health service users, care providers, local communities and policy makers. This article studies how the transition from a hospital setting to a community-based recovery model for personals with severe mental illness can be facilitated. It reflects on the innovative process of creating a Supported Housing model in South India, where 11 MH Service users transitioned from a psychiatric ECRC to independent living facilities. Experiences in various phases of the project development, including care provider- and community level responses and feedback were scrutinised to understand the strategies that were employed in enabling the transition. Qualitative methods (including in-depth interviews and naturalistic observations) were used with residents and staff members to explore the challenges they encountered in stabilizing the model, as well as the psychosocial benefits experienced by residents in the last phase. These were complemented with a Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS) and WHO Quality of Life scale to compare baseline and post-assessment results and an increase of quality of life. Results display a significant reduction of psychiatric symptoms in patients (p< 0.5). It also describes the challenges encountered in the current context, and strategies that were used to respond and adapt the model to address these concerns effectively. Positive behavioural and psycho-emotional changes were observed amongst the residents, significant amongst those being enhanced in their mobility and participation. The article concludes by discussing the implications of this study for the development of innovative community-based models in wider contexts.
Orbital Mucosa-Associated Lymphoid Tissue Lymphoma and Primary Cutaneous Classical Hodgkin Lymphoma: A Rare Case Report and Review of the Literature

A 60-year-old woman was diagnosed with isolated mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma of the ocular adnexa and treated with two years of weekly rituximab for eight doses followed by rituximab maintenance. After nearly two years of maintenance therapy, she developed a tender, indurated mass on the left neck. Biopsy results were consistent with primary cutaneous classical Hodgkin lymphoma (PCCHL).
DNAzymes as Catalysts for l-Tyrosine and Amyloid β Oxidation

Single-stranded deoxyribonucleic acids have an enormous potential for catalysis by applying tailored sequences of nucleotides for individual reaction conditions and substrates. If such a sequence is guanine-rich, it may arrange into a three-dimensional structure called G-quadruplex and give rise to a catalytically active DNA molecule, a DNAzyme, upon addition of hemin. Here, we present a DNAzyme-mediated reaction, which is the oxidation of l-tyrosine toward dityrosine by hydrogen peroxide. With an optimal stoichiometry between DNA and hemin of 1:10, we report an activity of 101.2 ± 3.5 μUnits (μU) of the artificial DNAzyme Dz-00 compared to 33.0 ± 1.8 μU of free hemin. Exemplarily, DNAzymes may take part in neurodegeneration caused by amyloid beta (Aβ) aggregation due to l-tyrosine oxidation. We show that the natural, human genome-derived DNAzyme In1-sp is able to oxidize Aβ peptides with a 4.6% higher yield and a 33.3% higher velocity of the reaction compared to free hemin. As the artificial DNAzyme Dz-00 is even able to catalyze Aβ peptide oxidation with a 64.2% higher yield and 337.1% higher velocity, an in-depth screening of human genome-derived DNAzymes may identify further candidates with similarly high catalytic activity in Aβ peptide oxidation.
Factors Associated with Non-Remission in Bipolar Disorder: The Multicenter Treatment Survey for Bipolar Disorder in Psychiatric Outpatient Clinics (MUSUBI)

Purpose The aim of this study was to identify factors associated with non-remission in bipolar disorder. Patients and Methods The multicenter treatment survey for bipolar disorder in psychiatric outpatient clinics (MUSUBI) study used a questionnaire administered at 176 clinics throughout Japan from September to October 2016. Clinic psychiatrists performed a retrospective medical record survey of consecutive cases with bipolar disorder. Patients were considered to be in remission if they met all of the following criteria: they were not in a mixed state, their manic or depressive symptoms were either borderline or nonexistent (corresponding to 2 or 1 points on the Clinical Global Impressions Scale, Bipolar Version), and their psychiatrists clinically considered them to be in remission. Enrolled patients were classified into remitters group and non-remitters group and demographic and clinical characteristics were contrasted between the groups. Non-remitters were compared with remitters, using a series of logistic regression analyses. Results A total of 3130 patients (1420 men; mean age: 50.3 years) were included in this study; 1307 patients (41.8%) were in remission. Of the remaining 1823 patients, 1260 (40.3%) had mild to severe depression, 261 (8.3%) suffered from manic or hypomanic episodes, and 302 (9.6%) were in a mixed state. Logistic regression analyses found the following eight factors to be significantly correlated with non-remission in patients with bipolar disorder: female gender, younger age, unemployed status, rapid cycling pattern, comorbid alcohol/substance abuse, poorer social function, lithium non-use, and antidepressant use. Conclusion The MUSUBI study, the largest nationwide investigation on bipolar disorder, identified eight clinically relevant factors associated with non-remission in bipolar patients. They have important clinical implications; further prospective studies are necessary to replicate these findings and to guide better managements for those in serious needs.
Are laws restricting soft drinks sales in Brazilian schools able to lower their availability?

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To describe students protected by laws and exposed to soft drinks sales and assess whether forbidding laws are associated with lower availability of these beverages. METHODS We identified laws forbidding non-government administered cafeterias or sales of soft drinks in schools in the 27 Brazilian state capitals. Data on soft drinks sales were obtained from Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde do Escolar 2015 (PeNSE – National Survey of School Health 2015), for a representative sample of 9th graders from public and private schools. Students were attributed with the status of their school regarding the law and sale of soft drinks. Co-variables were school status (public or private), school size, geographic regions, mother’s educational level, score of goods and services. We performed multivariate analyses using Poisson regression. RESULTS The total of 23 laws forbidding sales of soft drinks covered 63.0% of capitals, comprising 56.9% of students. Law coverage was higher among students from more developed regions (67.6%) and in public schools (60.6%), compared with those from less developed regions (38.0%) and private schools (45.8%). Soft drinks were available for 33.9% of students. Students attending public schools in less developed regions had the lowest availability of soft drinks, regardless of law coverage (14.8%; 12.0%); while students attending private schools in these regions had a high availability, regardless of law coverage (82.1%; 73.4%). Restrictive laws were associated with lower sales of soft drinks in more developed regions, and restrictions had a greater association with the availability of soft drinks in public schools (PR = 0.25; 95%CI = 0.15-0.41), compared with private schools (PR = 0.48; 95%CI = 0.35-0.66). CONCLUSION Laws restricting soft drinks in schools were associated with fewer sales in more developed regions. Private schools were less compliant with the law than public schools. A broadly enforced national law could reduce the availability of soft drinks in schools.
Mamma Mia – A randomized controlled trial of an internet-based intervention for perinatal depression

Background. Studies suggest that 10 – 15% of perinatal women experience depressive symptoms. Due to the risks, problems with detection, and barriers to treatment, effective universal preventive interventions are needed. The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of an automated internet intervention ( ‘ Mamma Mia ’ ) on perinatal depressive symptoms. Mamma Mia is tailored specifically to the perinatal phase and targets risk and protective factors for perinatal depressive symptoms. Methods. A total of 1342 pregnant women were randomized to an intervention ( ‘ Mamma Mia ’ ) and control group. Data were collected at gestational week (gw) 21 – 25, gw37, 6 weeks after birth, and 3 and 6 months after birth. We investigated whether (1) the intervention group displayed lower levels of depressive symptoms compared with the control group, (2) the effect of Mamma Mia changed over time, (3) the effect on depressive symptoms was moderated by baseline depressive symptoms, previous depression, and parity, and (4) this moderation changed by time. Finally, we examined if the prevalence of mothers with possible depression [i.e. Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS)-score ⩾ 10] differed between the intervention and control group. Results. Participants in the Mamma Mia group displayed less depressive symptoms than participants in the control group during follow-up [ F (1) = 7.03, p = 0.008]. There were indications that the effect of Mamma Mia was moderated by EPDS score at baseline. The prevalence of women with EPDS-score ⩾ 10 was lower in the Mamma Mia group at all follow-up measurements. Conclusions. The study demonstrated the effects of the automated web-based universal intervention Mamma Mia on perinatal depressive symptoms.
Sleep States Classification Based on Single Channel Electrooculogram Signal Using Variational Mode Decomposition

To reduce the burden of the analysts for visual inspection of a big data size for sleep-scoring, an automatic sleep surveillance system is a prerequisite. Computer-aided sleep-scoring will also accelerate broad-ranging sleep study for the analysis of data. As most of the current sleep-staging projects are on the basis of multi-channel or several physiological signals which are not comfortable for the user, so automatic sleep-staging on one single channel system being trustworthy is still to be successful. For this work, a method based on single channel Electrooculogram (EOG) signal for computerized sleep scoring is proposed. In the suggested method, EOG signal epochs are decomposed into three modes using Variational Mode Decomposition (VMD) and multiple features like statistical measures, spectral entropy measures, RCMDE and Autoregressive modelling (AR) coefficients from different modes are extracted. Different classification models are examined for evaluating the results and Random-Forest-Classifier (RF) demonstrates most accurate result employing 10 fold cross-validtion. The efficacy of our system's algorithm against existing works in the literature shows that the suggested approach is similar to or show higher performance than previous existed methods. For the 6-states to 2-states sleep classification, the proposed algorithm provides 88.083%, 89.21 %, 90.57%, 93.05% and 96.537% overall accuracy respectively. In addition, the suggested algorithm for this work shows an accuracy of 65.092 % for the identification of sleep stage S1.
Refractive Index Sensing Research on Multi-Fano-Based Plasmonic MDM Resonant System With Water-Based Dielectric

We have theoretically investigated a plasmonic metal-dielectric-metal (MDM) resonant system with water-based dielectric, which allow easy implementation of up to eight Fano resonant channels. The reported plasmonic MDM system is composed by an end-coupled square ring and three reversed L-shape cavities, which can support bright modes or dark modes that will interact with each other to generate sharp and asymmetric Fano profiles in transmission spectra. Finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method and multiple interference coupled mode theory (MICMT) are employed to investigate high performances of those Fano resonances, of which sensitivity and figure of merit are high as ~1813 nm/RIU and ~57.77 dB, respectively. The proposed plasmonic MDM resonant system may promote the development of integrated photonic devices for applications in nanoscale optical sensing and optical communications.
Beaming Efficiency of 1-D Frequency-Scanned Based Radiative WPT System for Wireless Sensor Networks

The beaming efficiency of a radiative wireless power transfer (WPT) system based on 1-D frequency-scanned antennas, to power a low-energy wireless sensor network (WSN), is studied in this work. The study is focused on the 16 frequency channels of the Zigbee protocol in the 2.45 GHz band. The beaming efficiency is analysed for different antenna lengths and number of frequency Zigbee channels, showing that using longer, more directive antennas, the coverage for the WSN can be improved, but more frequency channels are needed to achieve the same beaming efficiency than using shorter antennas, which increases the system complexity.