Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
THE LIFE CYCLE OF CRANGONYX RICHMONDENSIS LAURENTIANUS BOUSFIELD (CRUSTACEA: AMPHIPODA)

Crangonyx richmondensis laurentianus Bousfield, a freshwater amphipod crustacean, occurs in small acid lakes of the Precambrian Shield where it is restricted to the shallow waters where vegetation is scarce and the sediment contains clay. Breeding occurs in late April in Little Minnow Lake, Algonquin Park. Juveniles are released from the female marsupium in mid-June and adults die soon afterwards. Immatures reach a peak of abundance in mid-July and gradually decline to a constant level in October. The summer generation does not breed until it reaches maturity the following spring. Curves of growth in length are linear during the growing season. Egg numbers increase faster than the volume of the females, and the sex ratio appears to be displaced toward the male.
Study of the oxidation of resveratrol catalyzed by polyphenol oxidase: Effect of polyphenol oxidase, laccase and peroxidase on the antiradical capacity of resveratrol.

This paper reports the study of the oxidation of resveratrol catalyzed by polyphenol oxidase (PPO) as -well as the effect of PPO, laccase and peroxidase on the antiradical capacity of resveratrol (measured as capacity to scavenge 2,2′-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzthiazoline - 6 - sulfonic acid) radicals (ARTS')). Monophenolase activity of mushroom PPO in the presence of resveratrol showed the characteristic lag period (τ) prior the attainment of the steady state rate (Vss). The Michaelis constant (Km) for the oxidation of resveratrol catalyzed by PPO was 45 ± 2 μM at pH 6.8 and it decreased with pH. However, the maximum steady state rate (Vmax) remained constant with pH. Both τ and Vss depended on pH in a sigmoid way. Kinetic and NMR assays confirmed that this compound is a substrate which fulfilled both kinetic and structural reaction mechanisms of PPO. Neither laccase, nor PPO modified the antiradical capacity of resveratrol. However, resveratrol, in the presence of peroxidase, lost its antiradical capacity. A possible correlation between antiradical capacity of resveratrol and its oxidation status is proposed. This paper tries to increase the knowledge about this promising health-beneficial molecule and to demonstrate that PPO could be involved in the oxidation pathway of resveratrol.
Green technology adoption in textiles and apparel supply chains with environmental taxes

Sustainability is crucially important in the textiles and apparel (TA) supply chains. In this paper, we evaluate the impact of clean technology adoption and environmental taxes on the TA supply chains. First, we consider a monopoly case, where a two-echelon supply chain consists of one buyer and one manufacturer. We find that raising the environmental tax rate motivates the manufacturer to invest in green technologies. We then extend our model to examine the duopoly case. We find that in the duopoly case, if the buyer's market share is sufficiently small (large), the optimal greenness level for this buyer's product decreases (increases) in the environmental tax rate; whereas if the two products market shares are relatively equal, the optimal greenness levels for both products buyers increase in the environmental tax rate. The existence of the spillover effect reduces the cost and improves the product greenness. Consumer welfare can be improved if the efficiency of green technology adoption and the coefficient of greenness level on market demand are sufficiently high. This result implies that if the government cares about consumers, the manufacturer should be encouraged to enhance the cost reduction ability in terms of green technology, and consumer education about sustainability consciousness should be enhanced.
Apple Polyphenol Oxidase Inhibitor(s) from Common Housefly (Musca Domestica L.)

A new natural apple polyphenol oxidase (PPO) inhibitor(s) from housefly (Musca domestica L.) was discovered. Crude inhibitor(s) isolated by buffer extraction, heat treatment, and dialysis from housefly pupase inhibited the activity of apple PPO up to 90% at pH values above 5.0. Inhibition was stricitly pH-dependent. The inhibitor(s) was further characterized by employing heat, freezing and thawing, irradiation, pH adjustment, and ultrafiltration studies The potential PPO inhibltor(s) was stable to heating at 100 °C for 1 h, repeated freezing and thawing, and irradiation. The inhibitor(s) was most stable at pH around 5.0 and least stable at at alkaline pH. The PPO inhibition profile of house-fly during metamorphosis also was evaluated.
Relative Roles of Eurasian Snow Depth and Sea Surface Temperature in Indian and Korean Summer Monsoons Based on GME Model Simulations

Indian Summer Monsoon (ISM) and East Asian Summer Monsoon (EASM) are the most important weather systems in India and Korea respectively. The interannual variations of ISM and EASM largely depend on the anomalies of sea surface temperatures (SSTs) of Tropical Equtorial Pacific and Indian Ocean and also on the Eurasian Snow Depth/Cover. In this study, the relative roles of these two most important surface boundary conditions on the Indian and Korean monsoons have been examined using the high resolution (40 km) global numerical weather prediction model of German Weather Service (GME). Four sets of experiments were carried out by varying the climatological and observed values of SSTs and snow. This study shows that there is a negative (positive) relationship between the Western (Eastern) Eurasian snow depth and ISMR, whereas a positive (negative) relationship between the Western (Eastern) Eurasian snow depth and Korean monsoon rainfall has been observed. Results show that when observed SST and snow are prescribed to the model as boundary conditions, the simulated winds and rainfall are close to the NCEP/NCAR reanalyzed winds and GPCP rainfall, respectively. This study reveals that the model simulated summer monsoons in Indian and Korean domains are not good enough unless an observed Eurasian snow is prescribed in addition to the observed SST.
Comparative flour quality and protein characteristics of 1BL/1RS and 1AL/1RS wheat-rye translocation lines

Abstract The effects of 1AL/1RS and 1BL/1RS wheat-rye chromosomal translocations on flour quality and protein composition were compared in a common wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) genetic background. Flour classes of sister lines derived from a cross between the experimental line TX81V6610 (1AL/1RS) and the cultivar 'Siouxland' (1BL/1RS) were identified: 1AL/1RS, 1BL/1RS, double-translocation (both translocations present) and normal (neither translocation present). Significant differences were observed among classes in SDS sedimentation volume, Mixograph time and Mixograph tolerance; no differences in flour protein concentration were observed. SDS sedimentation volumes and Mixograph tolerance scores were higher among 1AL/1RS lines than among 1BL/1RS sister lines. Significant changes in flour protein composition, determined by size-exclusion high-performance liquid chromatography, were associated with differences in quality parameters. The results identify 1AL/1RS as a more favorable vehicle than 1BL/1RS for the utilization of rye genes for the enhancement of wheat agronomic performance.
Effects of neck bands on survival of greater snow geese

Neck bands are a widely used marker in goose research. However, few studies have investigated a possible negative effect of this marker on survival. We tested the effect of neck bands on the survival of adult female greater snow geese (Chen caerulescens atlantica) by marking birds with either a neck band and a metal leg band or a leg band only on Bylot Island (Nunavut, formerly included in the Northwest Territories, Canada) from 1990 to 1996. Annual survival was estimated using leg-band recoveries in fall and winter and using neck-band sightings in spring and fall. Recapture rates were estimated using summer recaptures. Using recovery data, the selected model yielded a survival similar for the neck-banded and leg-banded only birds (S = 0.845 ± 0.070 vs. S = 0.811 ± 0.107). The hypothesis of equality of survival between the 2 groups was easily accepted under most constraints imposed on survival or recovery rates. However, failure to account for a different direct recovery rate for neck-banded birds would lead us to incorrectly conclude a possible negative effect of neck bands on survival. Using sighting data, mean annual survival of neck-banded birds was independently estimated at 0.833 ± 0.057, a value very similar to that estimated with band-recovery analysis. Raw recapture rates during summer were significantly lower for neck-banded birds compared to those marked with leg bands only (4.6% vs. 12.1%), but in this analysis, survival, site fidelity, reproductive status, and recapture rates were confounded. We conclude that neck bands did not affect survival of greater snow geese, but could possibly affect other demographic traits such as breeding propensity and emigration.
The Impact of the Weight Status on Cardiovascular Parameters Related to Physical Effort in Young Athletes

Excess weight leads to an impaired cardiovascular response to physical exertion even at a young age. Sports training during youth promotes cardiovascular adaptations. The aim of the study is to verify the impact of weight status on cardiovascular parameters related to physical effort in young people who engage in competitive sports. A retrospective study was conducted on 8307 young athletes (5578 males and 2729 females) aged 6–18 years (mean age 13.9 ± 2.2 years). The data concerning graded exercise tests of young athletes in normal weight and overweight were compared. Approximately, 13.4% of the sample had excess weight. Young overweight athletes show a higher resting heart rate as well as systolic and diastolic pressure than young normal weight athletes. Excess weight condition leads to a reduction in the duration of the graded exercise test, reaching higher blood pressure values at the end of the test compared to those with normal weight. After four min from the end of the test, heart rate and systolic/diastolic blood pressure remained higher in the young overweight athletes. Excess weight affects cardiovascular parameters both at rest and in response to physical exertion during youth; however, competitive sport seems to be able to keep these parameters within the normal range even in young overweight athletes.
Judging severity of unethical workplace behavior: Attractiveness and gender as status characteristics

This research focuses on the role of gender and physical attractiveness in judging severity of unethical workplace behavior. Scenarios with possible ethical dilemmas (commonly referred to as “gray areas” of behavior) were displayed to 4,483 subjects. Our findings show that “gray area” behavior was evaluated as more ethical if performed by male employees compared with women. We also found that attractiveness moderated the connection between gender and tolerance toward unethical work behavior. People judge more severely the same unethical action by plain-looking employees rather than attractive-looking employees, in accordance with the attractiveness-leniency effect—but only for women perpetrators. The physical attributes of men were not found to be relevant. We explore a number of explanations for this discrimination based on Expectation States Theory and Social Role Theory. JEL CLASSIFICATION: C91; J71.
Dispersibility of Multiwall Carbon Nanotube in a Polyanionic Surfactant Based on UV-Vis Analysis

The degree of carbon nanotube (CNT) dispersion in an ink solution plays a critical role in the performance of CNT based devices. This is a challenging task in the CNT utilization due to strong van der Waals interaction affecting the CNT bundles. A good dispersion degree can be achieved, for instance, by lowering the van der Waals interaction with the strategy of non-covalent interaction between polyanionic surfactant and the CNT surface. Herein, a simple and quick technique to disperse multiwall CNT (MWCNT) by using a polyanionic dispersant, carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), is reported. The dispersion degree of MWCNT in aqueous solution during the sonication process was studied using UV-Vis analysis. Transmission electron microscope (TEM) was also applied to further investigate the interaction between CMC and MWCNT. The result shows that the maximum dispersion of MWCNT was achieved with a maximum absorbance in the UV-Vis spectra. Higher CMC concentration resulted in a higher viscosity of the solution, thus it increased the sonication duration in obtaining the maximum dispersion. By varying the MWCNT concentration at a constant CMC concentration of 0.25 wt. %, a homogenous MWCNT dispersion was obtained up to 0.2 wt. %. The encapsulation of a thin CMC layer on the MWCNT surface with a thickness of 1.5–3 nm was evidenced by TEM micrograph analysis.
Formation of Lithuanian manufacturing industry clustering economic preconditions

The main Lithuanian manufacturing industry clustering preconditions are related to productivity, innovation, and export development. In this research paper, it was found that the strength of cooperative relationships among cluster members, more favorable opportunities to access, and use of infrastructure of business and professional human resources are the major factors to form the preconditions chosen for developing a research model. Four hypotheses have been formulated, which aim to confirm or deny the formation of clustering economic preconditions for productivity, innovation, and export development. Along with the exploratory study, the arisen hypotheses verified that improvement of infrastructure of business and professional human resources and easier access to it for companies have a positive impact on export development. Two other factors – the strength of cooperative relationships and the infrastructure of human resources – are not significant. Cooperation and partnership processes remain undeveloped, as high-quality and full-value formation of the economic preconditions for productivity, innovation, and export development is not ensured properly.
Angularly Stable Frequency-Selective Surface Using Shifted Double-Sided Screens

In this letter, a shifted double-sided frequency selective surface (FSS) with miniaturized unit cells is proposed to achieve superior performance in angular insensitivity. Two identical FSS screens mounted on both sides of a thin substrate have lateral displacement relative to each other. We shed light into effect of shifting by investigating current and field distributions, and present the operating principles of the proposed FSS along with the equivalent circuit model. The whole structure has a lower profile (a thickness of 0.001λ, where λ represents the resonant wavelength in free space) as well as a small size (0.043λ × 0.043λ). This FSS as a bandpass spatial filter is stable with respect to different polarizations, polarized angles, and incident angles of the illuminating waves. A prototype of the proposed FSS is fabricated and tested. The measured frequency responses agree well with the simulated results.
CELL DIVISION IN THE DINOFLAGELLATE GAMBIERDISCUS TOXICUS IS PHASED TO THE DIURNAL CYCLE AND ACCOMPANIED BY ACTIVATION OF THE CELL CYCLE REGULATORY PROTEIN, CDC2 KINASE 1

The cell division cycle in several pelagic dinoflagellate species has been shown to be phased with the diurnal cycle, suggesting that their cell cycle may be regulated by a circadian clock. In this study, we examined the cell cycle of an epibenthic dinoflagellate, Gambierdiscus toxicus Adachi and Fukuyo (Dinophyceae), and found that cell division was similarly phased to the diurnal cycle. Cell division occurred during a 3‐h window beginning 6 h after the onset of the dark phase. Cell cycle progression in higher eukaryotes is regulated by a cell cycle regulatory protein complex consisting of cyclin and the cyclin‐dependent kinase CDC2. In this report, we identified a CDC2‐like kinase in G. toxicus that displays activity in vitro against a known substrate of CDC2 kinase, histone H1. As in higher eukaryotes, CDC2 kinase was expressed constitutively in G. toxicus throughout the cell cycle, but it was activated only late in the dark phase, concurrent with the presence of mitotic cells. These results indicate that cell division in G. toxicus is regulated by molecular controls similar to those found in higher eukaryotes.
Flexible Generator: Generation Unit Integrated by Energy Storage System and Synchronous Generator

Energy storage systems (ESSs) have been applied in power systems for a long time. It participates in the grid frequency control at two levels, the primary frequency control and the secondary frequency control. In this paper, a control strategy that integrates one synchronous generator (SG) and ESS as one single generation unit named flexible generator (FG) is proposed, allowing ESS to participate in primary frequency control. The main trick is that the proposed control strategy not only adopts SG's frequency as the ESS control input but also feeds back FG's total output power to control the ESS. FGs have more substantial damping and stability than SGs. The proposed control strategy has a superior performance compared to traditional PID control and fuzzy control strategies of ESSs. The flexible control parameters are determined by the linear quadratic regulator (LQR) with disturbance suppression. The ESS's capacity is discussed and determined. Simulation results of the New England 39-bus system verify the advantages of FGs both in load changes and faults. The HIL experiment results also illustrate the applicability and effectiveness of the flexible control.
Genetic characterization of early maturing maize hybrids (Zea mays L.) obtained by protein and RAPD markers

Knowledge of maize germplasm genetic diversity is important for planning breeding programmes, germplasm conservation per se etc. Genetic variability of maize hybrids grown in the fields is also very important because genetic uniformity implies risks of genetic vulnerability to stress factors and can cause great losts in yield. Early maturing maize hybrids are characterized by shorter vegetation period and they are grown in areas with shorter vegetation season. Because of different climatic conditions in these areas lines and hybrids are developed with different features in respect to drought resistance and disease resistance. The objective of our study was to characterize set of early maturing maize hybrids with protein and RAPD markers and to compare this clasification with their pedigree information. RAPD markers gave significantly higher rate of polymorphism than protein markers. Better corelation was found among pedigree information and protein markers.
Tiering in the GCSE: A children’s rights perspective

This paper presents findings on students’ views and experiences of tiering in Northern Ireland and Wales from a children’s rights perspective. It considers the extent to which the current system of tiering fulfils the provisions in the Convention on the Rights of the Child, including the rights to education, best interests, non-discrimination, and participation. It emphasises that while the majority of students were supportive of tiering, their responses highlighted a range of negative effects for students taking foundation tier. Students described the impact of being placed in the foundation tier on their self-esteem and relationship with their peers, indicating that being allocated to foundation tier can have a labelling effect. Students who were taking foundation papers, or a mixture of foundation and higher tier papers, were more likely than those taking higher tier papers to report that they wanted to change tier and to raise issues overall regarding tiering. Furthermore, students who were faced with these difficult choices often had a poor understanding of tiering. The paper argues that alternative forms of differentiation should be considered, and presents students’ perspectives on some of these. It argues that we must ensure that young people have a good understanding of tiering and that their views and experiences of tiering are be taken into account when considering further reforms to GCSEs, to ensure that any methods used respect the rights of all students.
The taxonomy of Colletotrichum isolates associated with lupin anthracnose

Forty-three Colletotrichum isolates fromLupinus species worldwide are delineated into 3 groups:vegetative compatibility group (VCG)-1 (4 isolates), VCG-2 (37 isolates), andCOL-3 (2 isolates). The 3 groups are readily distinguishable by randomamplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) profiles. All Australian lupin isolates areVCG-2. VCG-1 and VCG-2 isolates produce predominantly cylindrical conidia, hadregular colony margins, and were grey to brown, lacking pinkish pigmentationon potato dextrose agar (PDA) consistent with the taxonomic criteria forColletotrichum gloeosporioides. COL-3 isolates producepredominantly fusiform conidia, and had an irregular colony margin and apinkish pigmentation on PDA consistent with C. acutatum.COL-3 isolates are possibly strawberry pathogens which can cross-infectlupins. An examination of reference cultures ofC. gloeosporioides and C. acutatumfound that published ‘species specific primer’ polymerase chainreaction (PCR) tests based on ITS sequence homology produced results contraryto the traditional taxonomy based on morphology. RAPD analysis appears todetect greater genetic variation in Colletotrichumisolates than previously published ITS1 sequence homology data, which does notsupport moving lupin anthracnose pathogens VCG-1 and VCG-2 fromC. gloeosporioides intoC. acutatum. Additional key words: Colletotrichum gloeosporioides,Colletotrichum acutatum, Lupinus,vegetative compatibility, RAPD analysis.
Nutritive value of protein of feed ingredients for carp Cyprinus carpio

The study was undertaken to determine the nutritive value as protein source in carp diet of white fish meal, meat meal, meat & bone meal, and corn gluten meal. Four feeding trials were conducted using juvenile carp with body weight ranging from 3 to 5g by maintaining them on diets in which the ingredients were incorporated as sole protein source at different levels. Apparent digestibility, PER, NPU, and BV were determined. The apparent protein digestibilities were 54% for meat & bone meal, 87% for white fish meal meal and 95% for corn gluten meal. The values for PER, NPU, and BV at various protein levels were highest in white fish meal and lowest in corn gluten meal. These values of meat meal were higher than those obtained with meat & bone meal, excluding BV that was higher in meat & bone meal than meat meal because of the lower protein digestibility value. The low values of protein utilization of meat meal, meat & bone meal, and corn gluten meal are attributed to their poor amino acid profiles.
An account of the Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera) parasitising leaf-mining insects of deciduous trees in Britain

Data on the distribution and frequency of hymenopterous parasites of leaf-mining insects on deciduous trees show that Chalcidoidea of the family Eulophidae are the chief component of the parasite faunas. The regular parasite complement of a leaf-mining species is in the order of 10 to 20 species of parasitic Hymenoptera. Many of these are polyphagous, but in almost all instances a preference for a particular type of host is evident. The parasite faunas of tree leaf-mining Lepidoptera, Coleoptera and Hymenoptera are shown to be qualitatively similar, but those of Diptera are rather different. The parasite faunas of tree leaf-miners are different also from those of leaf gall-forming insects on trees and, to a lesser degree, from those of leaf-miners on herbaceous plants. The parasite fauna associated with a tree genus is quantitatively and qualitatively characteristic and, in general, it most resembles that found on allied tree genera. Congeneric leaf miners attacking the same tree species are attacked by very similar parasite faunas, although mine situation and season of development may exert some influence. These latter factors are considered especially in relation to leaf-miners of the genus Phyllonorycter for which most data are available.