Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Synchronous drive circuit with current limitation for solid‐state pulsed power modulators

Recently, solid-state pulsed power modulators (SSPPMs) are widely used in pulsed power applications. Due to the relatively low rated voltage and rated current of semiconductor switches, a single SSPPM usually consists of hundreds of power switches which work at different voltage potentials. Therefore, the synchronous and isolated driving of so many switches is a very challenging task in the design of SSPPMs. Here, a very simple but powerful synchronous drive circuit with current limitation is proposed for a solid-state Marx generator. It spares the use of isolated power supply for drives, and the negative bias voltage enhances the electromagnetic compatibility. Moreover, the proposed circuit can flexibly change the value of clamped current according to practical requirements. This drive circuit can be utilised in other types of SSPPMs. The operation principle i.e. the design concept of the pulsed power system is given in detail and the feasibility is verified experimentally.
Cold load pickup model parameters based on measurements in distribution systems

The electric power demand after an outage can be significantly different from normal values. A major cause of this is the loss of statistic diversity in load devices that interact with some kind of storage. Examples are heating and cooling appliances as well as some applications of pumps and devices with integrated batteries. This phenomenon is known as cold load pickup (CLPU). Changes in load after an outage are of high relevance for investigations of power system restoration, especially active power control and balancing of generation and load. Besides the very fast inrush effects relevant for fast acting protection and short-term stability, long-term dynamics, thermal overload of equipment and active power balancing in the presence of uncontrolled distributed generation consider a time frame of minutes to hours. To predict CLPU from physical models, a lot of knowledge is required. Since this information is rarely available in the real-world applications, the authors investigate typical ranges of CLPU behaviour. The authors analyse measurement data from reconnections after real outages of medium voltage feeders in Germany and provide parameters for the exponential decay model of CLPU. The relevance of the application of the presented model for long-term stability studies is demonstrated by an example.
Macrophages in Kidney Injury and Repair

Macrophages (Mφs) are monocyte-derived tissue effector cells from hematopoietic stem cells in bone marrow via circulation. Their expansion in tissues can either be due to local proliferation of resident cells or infiltration from the circulation, depending on the stimulus (1-3). Beyond their traditional role in protecting the host from invading pathogens, Mφs have been shown to play expansive roles as regulators of development, tissue homeostasis, remodeling, and repair (4). Although the key role of Mφs in kidney repair after injury is gaining considerable appreciation, along with neutrophils, Mφs have a reputation of being leukocytes which drive tissue injury and fibrosis in immunological and chronic inflammatory kidney diseases (5-8). During disease, Mφs expand even in the absence of pathogens, and disperse after repair or recovery (8). However, a large population of Mφs persists after expansion in chronic progressive kidney disease (3, 9). In many human kidney biopsy studies, Mφs have been found in large numbers in both acute diseases such as post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis (GN), anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA) associated GN, or in chronic diseases such as IgA nephropathy or lupus nephritis, and also in acute and chronic kidney transplant disease (10-17). Many studies have shown that the tissue of Mφs are in fact not merely passive bystander cells, but are activated and involved in the pathogenesis of kidney diseases. These observations hold true not only in immunological kidney diseases such as GN but also in nonimmunological diseases, such as diabetic nephropathy, ischemic/vascular kidney disease, and all forms of chronic kidney disease (18-27). In all of these diseases, the cell numbers and activation status of Mφs have been reported to correlate positively with disease severities (28-32).
Evaluation of the effect of learning disabilities and accommodations on the prediction of the stability of academic behaviour of undergraduate engineering students using decision trees

ABSTRACT The purpose of this study is to evaluate how learning disabilities (LDs), in combination with accommodations, affect the performance of a decision-tree to predict the stability of academic behaviour of undergraduate engineering students. Additionally, this study presents several examples to illustrate how a college could use the resultant model to choose the appropriate accommodation to give a student with a learning disability, from among a set of possible accommodations. The findings show that: (1) The models yield superior performance in predicting the stability category for a given student when the LD and accommodation factors are included; (2) Different types of accommodation action have different effects on the stability of academic behaviour, depending on the student pattern. Such a model could be useful for engineering faculties, as it would allow them to predict the stability of academic behaviour and to provide early intervention for students who are likely to need additional support.
Study of Neglected tropical diseases (NTDs): Gastro-Intestinal Helminthes among school children in Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria

This study reports on detection and prevalence of intestinal parasites among school children in Port Harcourt, the capital city of Rivers State, Nigeria. Stool samples were collected from 100(46.5%) males and 115(53.5%) females. Microscopic examination of both thin and thick films of the stool sample were done. In all, three intestinal helminthes were identified. The overall prevalence was 30.7% and this was predominantly among male school children (37.0%) than in females (25.2%) from both locations. Of the three parasite species observed, T. trichiura (39.4%) was the most predominant helminthes in this study. This was closely followed by A. lumbricoides (33.3%) and hook worm (27.3%) was the least. Generally, intestinal helminthes was most predominant in samples from Emohua State Primary School (ESPS), Emohua (90.9%) than those from University Demonstration Primary School (UDPS) in Choba (9.1%)). Intestinal helminthes were most predominant among children aged 10-15 years (57.6%) than those within age group 5-9 years (42.4%) of age from both locations. It further showed that among the male school children, A. lumbricoides (63.6%) was most predominant, followed by hook worms (55.6%) and T. trichiura (50.0%) was least predominant. There were no incidence or prevalence of multiple infections of any of the three helminthes in the study. This study shows that a good percentage of people were infested by parasitic protozoa and worms and reinforces the need for an urgent effort to check the unnecessary and avoidable heavy parasites load. (Odu NN, Okonko IO, and Erhi O. Study of Neglected tropical diseases (NTDs): Gastro-Intestinal Helminthes among school children in Port Harcourt, Rivers State. Report and Opinion 2011;3(9):6-16). (ISSN: 1553-9873). http://www.sciencepub. net.
SELF-RATED PHYSICAL ACTIVITY LEVEL ACROSS EUROPE - POLAND AND OTHER EUROPEAN COUNTRIES

Physical inactivity has become a serious public health problem as it contributes to major non- communicable diseases. Increasing activity levels has beneficial effects on musculoskeletal health and mental health as well. In Poland there are a few studies which refer to the physical activity (PA) of the overall society and which are based on an international questionnaire, thus enabling comparative analysis. The aim of the study was to assess the PA level of the Polish society and to examine fields of their activity and intensity of them in order to compare the data with fifteen European countries. A survey based on computer-assisted personal interview (CAPI) was carried out in Poland in November 2006. A random sample of Polish adults (n=1028) was selected and divided according to demographic criteria. PA was estimated by a short version of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). In the last seven days 53.4% of the Polish society reported no vigorous PA whereas in the European sample the percentage was significantly higher (57.4%). For the PA of moderate level of intensity 39.8% of the Polish respondents reported no such PA; in the European sample the percentage was 40.8%. Only 12.8% of the Polish respondents reported not having walked in the past week, whereas in the EU the percentage was 17.1%. It must be noted that in all aspects the results were varied in the studied countries. These observations indicate a need for urgent actions to promote HEPA across EU member countries and in particular the least active member states. The present study is the first referring to PA of the whole Polish population, based on a representative sample and an international standardised questionnaire. The data confirm that the PA level of the Polish society is not as low as it has been shown in many studies.
Food Neophobia or Distrust of Novelties? Exploring Consumers’ Attitudes toward GMOs, Insects and Cultured Meat

The food industry is constantly challenged to find new ideas to satisfy the increasingly specific consumer demand. However, innovative food products do not always become part of consumption habits or create a market. One of the major sources of resistance to novelty lies in the attitude of the consumer, who in many cases may be suspicious or hostile as a result of specific ideologies, overly attached to tradition, or affected by neophobia. This paper analyzes the construct of food neophobia (the “unwillingness to try new foods”) in its phenomenology and its actual power to explain hostility to innovation in the agri-food sector. The limits of the concept, which is not always sufficient to shed light on the many reasons that could underlie the rejection of certain foods, will also be discussed. In addition, we review the recent literature on Europeans’ attitude toward novel foods and innovation including Genetically modified organisms (GMOs), cultivated meat and insects as food. This literature reveals a number of paradoxes in consumers’ behavior, and in the many complex conditions underpinning the success of innovation in food production. These conditions can only be understood by reconstructing the meanings consumers assign to food, and are often embedded in larger social and political frameworks.
Integrated Thermal and Dynamic Analysis of Dry Automotive Clutch Linings

Optimum operation of clutch systems is dictated by their dynamic as well as thermal performance. Both of these aspects are closely related to the interfacial frictional characteristics of the clutch lining material, which also affects the noise, vibration and harshness response of the entire vehicular powertrain system. Severe operating conditions such as interfacial clutch slip and increased contact pressures occur during clutch engagement, leading to generation of contact heat, and higher clutch system temperature. Therefore, any undesired oscillatory responses, generated during clutch engagement, such as take-up judder phenomenon can exacerbate generated heat due to stick-slip motion. The paper presents an integrated thermal, and 9-DOF dynamic model of a rear wheel drive light truck powertrain system. The model also includes experimentally measured clutch lining frictional variations with interfacial slip speed, non-linear contact pressure profile and generated surface flash temperature. It is shown that severe torsional oscillations known as take-up judder lead to an increased overall clutch temperature. It also shows that ageing of clutch lining material alters its dynamic and thermal performance.
Particle filtering‐based adaptive training of neural networks for real‐time structural damage diagnosis and prognosis

Real‐time failure diagnosis and prognosis play key roles in prognostics and health management of critical engineering assets. Physics‐based (or empirical–phenomenological) and data‐driven methods have been proposed in the literature to solve damage diagnosis and prognosis challenges. Among data‐driven methods, neural networks have often successfully proven their regression capabilities for the complex, nonlinear problems typical of this field research field. Indeed, the need to resort to machine learning techniques (e.g., neural networks) becomes stronger when physics‐based (or empirical–phenomenological) models are lacking for describing the degradation behavior of the systems under consideration. In this work, we propose to exploit the flexibility offered by neural networks in order to adaptively, and in real time, learn from the monitored structure and derive models for diagnosis and prognosis of structural components subject to damage processes. To this aim, neural networks are embedded within a particle filtering scheme, and the training of the network is performed sequentially and in real time, as observations become available during the damage evolution. The structural health monitoring tool is capable of sequentially updating itself using the observations gathered during the system's operation, avoiding the typical limitations associated to off‐line training schemes, which are, in general, not capable of capturing possible changes in the dynamical degradation behavior, when not properly included in the training patterns. For validation and comparison purposes, the method is demonstrated on simulated fatigue crack growths and real crack evolution dynamics observed in a metallic aeronautical panel loaded with a changing‐amplitude fatigue load, during an accelerated laboratory test.
Design of prominent SET-based high performance computing system

Over the past several decades, the performance of existing complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) technology has been improved by scaling of the CMOS transistors size. However, the performance of nanometre scale CMOS-based designs is limited due to the short-channel effect and process variation. The single electron transistor (SET) is a promising advanced nanometre scale device that can mitigate these grave issues. In this study, a novel SET-based computing system is designed and simulated at a supply voltage of 0.8 V, so that it can be 3D integrated with existing CMOS technology. The SET design parameters are considered based on SET fabricated by nanodamascene process for room temperature operation. The computing system works at frequency of 5 GHz with 2.522 μW power dissipation considering interconnect parasites. The frequency and power dissipation of the SET-based design is nearly 5 times better and 1.6 times lower than for the same design using 16 nm CMOS technology. The results and various analyses show that the SET-based systems are highly efficient and hence very effective to incorporate in next-generation very large scale integration designs. The SET-based design can be also 3D stacked in tandem with existing CMOS technology to achieve higher benefits in terms of speed, power, density, footprint, and functionality.
Hardware Optimized and Error Reduced Approximate Adder

This paper presents a new hardware optimized and error reduced approximate adder (HOERAA), which is suitable for field programmable gate array (FPGA)- and application specific integrated circuit (ASIC)-based implementations. In this work, we consider a FPGA-based implementation using Xilinx Vivado 2018.3, targeting an Artix-7 FPGA. The ASIC-based realizations are based on a 32/28nm complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) process. Based on FPGA implementations, we note the following: (i) For 32-bit addition involving a 8-bit least significant inaccurate sub-adder, HOERAA requires 22% fewer look-up tables (LUTs) and 18.6% fewer registers while reducing the minimum clock period by 7.1% and reducing the power-delay product (PDP) by 14.7%, compared to the native accurate FPGA adder, and (ii) for 64-bit addition involving a 8-bit least significant inaccurate sub-adder, HOERAA requires 11% fewer LUTs and 9.3% fewer registers while reducing the minimum clock period by 8.3% and reducing the PDP by 9.3%, compared to the native accurate FPGA adder. Based on ASIC-style implementations, HOERAA is found to achieve the following reductions in design metrics compared to an optimum accurate carry-lookahead adder: (i) A 15.7% reduction in critical path delay, a 21.4% reduction in area, and a 35% reduction in PDP for 32-bit addition involving a 8-bit least significant inaccurate sub-adder, and (ii) a 15.3% reduction in critical path delay, a 10.7% reduction in area, and a 20% reduction in PDP for 64-bit addition involving a 8-bit least significant inaccurate sub-adder. Moreover, comparisons with other approximate adders show that HOERAA has a significantly reduced average error, mean average error, and root mean square error, while reporting near optimum design metrics.
Optimization and field application of water jet for coal bed methane stimulation

Nowadays, the water jet technique has been more frequently used for coal bed methane stimulation. As the ultimate component of the water jet system, the nozzle has important influence on the rock breaking ability of water jet. To optimize the nozzle, a simplified model for impinging water jet was established. The effects of geometric structure (cylindrical, conical, and conical‐straight) and parameters (outlet diameter d, conical angle α, and length L) on the flow field of the impinging water jet are simulated through computational fluid dynamics software Fluent14.0. Besides, the effects of inlet pressure (Pin) and target distances (S) on the jet dynamics are also discussed based on the simulation results. The results show that the jet dynamic parameters including dynamic pressure, velocity, and impinging pressure vary with different nozzles. The jet dynamic parameters linearly increase with the inlet pressure, while they first increase then decrease with the increase in target distance. Additionally, the optimal nozzle designed based on the numerical simulation was used in the field test, and the results indicate that this technique can effectively improve the gas drainage efficiency.
To assess the effect of planed meeting on the physiologic indicators of the patients who suffer from Acute Coronary Syndrome

A B S T R A C T Aims: hospitalization in Cardiac Care Unit (CCU) is always along with stress for the patients. As stress in healthy people can cause increase in heartbeat, cardiac output and blood pressure also in heart patients it can effect on physiologic factors and increasedeath rate in these patients. According to the effect of emotional ties and increase of relationship with the relatives on decrease of these patients’ stress, this study had been done with the aim of determining the effect of planned meetings on physiologic indicators of the patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS). Methods: This is a semi-experimental study that had been done on 72 ACS patients in CCU. Samples had been chosen with base on target method sampling and had been studied randomly in two intervention and control groups in two CCUs separately. Meeting plan, in intervention group was in the form ofscheduled and included three times meeting in the second and third day of hospitalization with the presence of one to three relatives that the patient had requested and in control group it was in the form of one time meeting per day and with the presence of some open meetings. Patients’ Blood pressure, heartbeat, breathing and heart dysrhythmias were recorded every two hours in day and night and also before, after and during meeting. Results: the results show significant decrease in physiologic indicators in the third day of hospitalization in compare with the first day in intervention group in contrast with control group, also the above variables in intervention group during meeting and after meeting were significantly less than control group(p<0.05). Conclusion: Results of this study indicate that supportive effect of planed meeting on the patients is more than limited meeting and because of this it causes decrease of physiologic indicators and consequently it helps treatment. quality improvement of the patients with ACS in CCU.
Impact of EPA nutritional approach on cachexic patients with advanced hypopharyngeal cancer treated by induction chemotherapy

induction chemotherapy. The response was progressive disease, and cachexia rapidly became worse. EPA enteral nutritional supplementation was adopted in order to improve his cachexia. Within 2 weeks of EPA treatment, the systemic inflammatory response was resolved, and the serum levels of albumin increased. These improvements allowed us to conduct radical surgery. There were no postoperative complications, and no recurrence has been observed. A prospective randomized trial is now being conducted to confirm the effectiveness of EPA nutritional treatment. Conclusion In patients with hypopharyngeal cancer who experienced malnutrition after induction chemotherapy, EPA nutritional treatment significantly improved the cachexia and therefore made it possible to conduct radical treatment.
Bilateral Drive Gear—A Highly Backdrivable Reduction Gearbox for Robotic Actuators

For safety purposes, cooperative robots are installed with an actuator composed of a low-power servo motor, a reduction gearbox, and a torque sensor. When cooperative robots make contact with humans or the environment, they must detect the contact force with a force sensor, a contact sensor, or a joint torque sensor. Equipping these sensors increases the cost and size of the application, but can be avoided under sufficient backdrivability of the actuator. To this end, we propose a method that maximizes the power transmission efficiency of the 3K planetary reduction gearbox and develop a prototype of the backdrivable reduction gearbox called the bilateral drive gear. For this maximization, the profile shift coefficients and the number of teeth are decided under some conditions. The forward- and backward-driving efficiencies of the prototype gearbox were 89.0% and 85.3%, respectively, and the reverse-drive starting torque was 0.020 N$\cdot$m. The drive efficiency of the same gearbox with uncorrected teeth is 68.5%. The forward-driving efficiency was 20.5% higher than the nonoptimized one. We confirmed that prototype gearboxes with different gear ratios are easily backdrivable by hand.