Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Silica Use Through Time: Macroevolutionary Change in the Morphology of the Diatom Fustule

Diatoms have evolved an obligate requirement for silica for their ornamented cell wall. Diatom productivity and subsequent burial of their siliceous remains on the ocean floor is a major control on the marine silica cycle. The ecological success of the diatoms over the Mesozoic and Cenozoic is associated with biogeographic shifts in siliceous sponges, decreasing silicification in the radiolarians, and a global decrease in oceanic silicic acid concentrations. We review what is known about the evolutionary advantages of the silica frustule and how selection pressures, including decreasing silicic acid concentrations, changes in growth limiting nutrients other than Si, CO2, irradiance, predation and viral pressures have shaped the morphology of the frustule over the Mesozoic and Cenozoic.
DO NOCTURNAL ECTOTHERMS THERMOREGULATE? A STUDY OF THE TEMPERATE GECKO CHRISTINUS MARMORATUS

Current paradigms relating to reptilian temperature regulation are derived almost entirely from data on diurnally active species, although many reptile species are nocturnal. We investigated the extent and behavioral mechanisms of temperature regulation in the nocturnal, rock-dwelling marbled gecko Christinus marmoratus during spring and summer. During the daytime, we recorded body temperatures of lizards sheltering beneath rocks, as well as operative temperatures (the equilibrium body temperatures that animals would attain in given microclimates) beneath randomly chosen rocks available to the lizards. These measurements were compared with reference to the lizard's set-point (or target) temperature range (Tset), which we determined in a laboratory thermal gradient. In both seasons, lizard body temperatures were closer to set than were randomly sampled operative temperatures, despite mean operative temperatures being 7? C below and 6? C above Tset in spring and summer, respectively. The mean body temperature of geckos was 7? C higher, and the accuracy and effectiveness of temperature regulation were also much higher, during summer than during spring. The more severe physiological consequences of thermocon- formity during summer, as well as a more constraining thermal environment during spring, are advanced as reasons for this seasonal pattern. At least two behavioral mechanisms allow C. marmoratus to achieve a regulated body temperature. First, operative temperatures within retreat sites selected by geckos were closer to Tset than were operative temperatures beneath available rocks, suggesting retreat-site selection as a thermoregulatory mechanism. Second, lizard body temperatures were closer to Tset than were operative temperatures at random positions within selected retreat sites. This observation, together with correlative evidence relating lizard body temperature to the maximum and minimum operative temperatures beneath selected retreat sites, indicates that positional and/or postural adjustments were also employed as thermoregulatory mecha- nisms. This study suggests that nocturnal lizards are capable of regulating body temperature to an extent that is comparable to that of diurnal lizards. Our findings have implications for understanding the thermal physiology and ecology of nocturnal ectotherms.
A New Scale to Capture the Multidimensionality of Celebrity Image

The present study aims to develop a reliable and valid scale that measures the multidimensionality of celebrity images and is generalizable across diverse celebrity professions. A survey has been conducted using a sample of 484 respondents to gather data relating to the dimensions of celebrity images of four selected celebrities from two celebrity profession categories, namely, movie stars and sport stars. EFA, CFA and SEM have been used for developing a reliable and valid scale of celebrity images. The scale encompasses seven dimensions of celebrity image: social and ethical responsibility, life and style, professional capabilities, perspective towards celebrity’s profession, orientation towards fans, attractive physique and public image. Marketers can use the scale to identify the dimensions of celebrity images to select appropriate celebrities for their product endorsement. They can also use the identified dimensions of celebrity images to better differentiate, position and extend their brands while designing their marketing strategies related to product positioning, celebrity endorsements and celebrity brand extensions. It would enable researchers and practitioners to bring standardization to celebrity image research in the field of brand endorsements.
Obtaining tetraploid plants of ruzigrass (Brachiaria ruziziensis)

The objective of the present work was to induce chromosome doubling in genotypes of Brachiaria ruziziensis with potential for production of good-quality biomass and tolerance/resistance to stress caused by aluminum and spittlebugs. Germinated seeds of B. ruziziensis were immersed in 0.1% colchicine solution for 2 or 3 hours. Ploidy level was determined by flow cytometry and confirmed by chromosome count. Fertility of the tetraploid plants was assessed through evaluation of pollen viability by staining. There was no statistical difference with regard to seedling survival and number of duplicate seedlings between the treatments. Survival rate was 8%, of which 11.45% were tetraploid genotypes. The mean viability of pollen grains from the evaluated tetraploid plants ranged from 51.75 to 55.50%. So, the tetraploids plants obtained from genotypes of a bred population of ruzigrass produce fertile pollen, in percentages that render crosses viable in genetic breeding programs.
Residual peroxidase activity as influenced by blanching, SO2 treatment and freezing of cauliflowers

The influence of blanching time and SO2 treatment on the residuul peroxidase activity and its implicution for the sensory quality of frozen cauliflowers were assessed ajier storage for up to one year at - 18°C. The treated cauliflowers, sealed in polythene bags, were placed in waxed paperboard cartons and frozen in a contuct plate jreezer at -3S'C. The sensory quality of frozen stored cauliflowers related well to their residual peroxidase activity, which was sensitive to the SO, treatment. Blanched cauliflowers following a brief dip in a metabisulphite solution prior to freezing guve a significantly (P<0.05) superior product even when stored for one year. he residual peroxiduse activity, which ranged from I to 5.5 ? A in the blanched sumples. was below 1 Yi in the SO,-treated samples, und the SO, content of 50ppm found in these stored sumples disappeared after 3 min cooking in boiling water.
Effectiveness of Night Snorkeling for Estimating Steelhead Parr Abundance in a Large River Basin

Abstract The refinement of methodologies for estimating the abundance of juvenile salmonids in small streams has been an important area of fisheries research, but the development of methods suitable for larger streams has received insufficient attention. Using a novel approach for obtaining marked populations of fish, we evaluated the effectiveness of night snorkeling counts for estimating the abundance of steelhead Oncorhynchus mykiss parr in streams within a large river basin. Sampled streams ranged from headwater tributaries with wetted widths of less than 10 m to a large, main-stem river with a wetted width approaching 100 m. Estimates of snorkeling detection probability for steelhead parr were consistently high (overall mean = 0.65) and exhibited moderately low variability among sites (coefficient of variation = 0.24). Detection probability exhibited a dome-shaped relationship to fork length and declined with increasing cross-sectional site area. The high and relatively consistent detection probabili.
Induction of systemic resistance to rust in Vicia faba by phosphate and EDTA: effects of calcium

Resistance in the upper leaves of broad bean (Vicia faba) plants to infection by the rust fungus, Uromyces viciae-fabae, was increased following treatment of the lower leaves with 10 mm potassium phosphate or 5 mm EDTA. Increasing the interval between treatment of the lower leaves and inoculation of the upper leaves had little effect on rust infection. Thus rust infection was reduced by 50 and 34% if the upper leaves were inoculated 1 day after treatment of the lower leaves with potassium phosphate or EDTA, respectively, while there was a 75% reduction in infection if the interval between treatment and inoculation was increased to 12 days. Application of calcium nitrate (10 mm) after the phosphate or EDTA treatments prevented the induction of systemic resistance. Calcium nitrate applied alone to the lower leaves had no significant effect on rust infection of the upper leaves.
Chimera Diimine Ligands in Emissive [Cu(P^P)(N^N)][PF6] Complexes

The syntheses and characterizations of the chelating ligand 6-chloro-6′-methyl-2,2′-bipyridine (6-Cl-6′-Mebpy) and of the copper(I) compounds [Cu(POP)(6-Cl-6′-Mebpy)][PF6] and [Cu(xantphos)(6-Cl-6′-Mebpy)][PF6] (POP = bis(2-(diphenylphosphanyl)phenyl)ether and xantphos = 4,5-bis(diphenylphosphanyl)-9,9-dimethyl-9H-xanthene) are described. The single crystal structures of both complexes were determined; the copper(I) ion is in a distorted tetrahedral environment and in [Cu(xantphos)(6-Cl-6′-Mebpy)][PF6], the disorder of the 6-Cl-6′-Mebpy ligand indicates there is no preference of the ‘bowl’-like cavity of the xanthene unit to host either the methyl or chloro-substituent, consistent with comparable steric effects of the two groups. The electrochemical and photophysical properties of [Cu(POP)(6-Cl-6′-Mebpy)][PF6] and [Cu(xantphos)(6-Cl-6′-Mebpy)][PF6] were investigated and are compared with those of the related compounds containing 6,6′-dichloro-2,2′-bipyridine or 6,6′-dimethyl-2,2′-bipyridine ligands. Trends in properties of the [Cu(P^P)(N^N)]+ complexes were consistent with 6-Cl-6′-Mebpy behaving as a combination of the two parent ligands.
ELECTRICAL PROPERTIES OF BOUND WATER

Water bound to the surface of macromolecules is indicated whenever the physical properties of a macromolecular suspension cannot be readily accounted for by the properties of the suspending medium and those of the macromolecules. I shall report here some of the electrical properties of macromolecular suspensions observed a t very high frequencies and whatever this may imply for the electrical properties of bound water. Essentially macroscopic and valid concepts will be applied in order to reduce experimental dielectric data to those of bound water. No detailed molecular interpretation will be attempted. The dielectric properties of protein in electrolytes have been extensively investigated during the 1940's throughout the radio frequency range, primarily by Oncley and his associates (Oncley, 1942, 1943). Experimental data could be understood in terms of a sum of two Debye type relaxation mechanisms.
Identifying consumer’s last-mile logistics beliefs in omni-channel environment

Abstract Over the past few years, retailers have offered new alternatives in last-mile logistics for consumers’ purchases; however, still, it is unclear why consumers select one option over another. A significant number of studies have tried to give some guidance, but very little research has considered the consumer’s point of view; specifically, in Omni-channel environment it has been undiscovered. To fulfil this gap, this study tends to identify some beliefs that may affect consumers’ behaviour in last-mile logistics. However, to validate these beliefs this study uses the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) approach. Following the TPB, this study employs an online questionnaire to obtain 280 samples of Spanish students. The final results show that although some beliefs such as convenience, risk of time, and finances are consistent with previous studies, there are new salient beliefs in which have not been identified before: Accessibility & Comparability. As a conclusion, this study not only is an effective mechanism for predicting the intention of selecting a last-mile logistics by consumers, but also can be guidance and assistance for practitioners to develop proper strategies for facilitating consumer’s shopping journey, and ultimately, improving consumer’s satisfaction.
Modeling and Measuring Pre-Service Teachers’ Assessment Literacy Regarding Experimentation Competences in Biology

Assessment literacy is a crucial aspect of teachers’ professional knowledge and relevant to fostering students’ learning. Concerning experimentation, teachers have to be able to assess student achievement when students form hypotheses, design experiments, and analyze data. Therefore, teachers need to be familiar with criteria for experimentation as well as student conceptions of experimentation. The present study modeled and measured 495 German pre-service teachers’ knowledge of what to assess regarding experimentation competences in biology. We applied an open-answer format for the measurement instrument. For modeling we used item response theory (IRT). We argue that knowledge of what to assess regarding experimentation competences is a one-dimensional construct and we provide evidence for the validity of the measurement. Furthermore, we describe qualitative findings of pre-service teachers’ knowledge of what to assess, in particular difficulties concerning the assessment of student conceptions as well as the use of scientific terms in the assessments. We discuss the findings in terms of implications for science teacher education and further research perspectives.
Forecasting the combined effects of anticipated climate change and agricultural conservation practices on fish recruitment dynamics in Lake Erie

This is an open access article under the terms of the Creat ive Commo ns Attri bution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. © 2020 The Authors. Freshwater Biology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd 1Department of Evolution, Ecology, and Organismal Biology, Aquatic Ecology Laboratory, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, U.S.A. 2Department of Food, Agriculture, and Biological Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, U.S.A. 3Department of Natural Sciences, Tusculum University, Tusculum, TN, U.S.A. 4Blackland Research and Extension Center, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, U.S.A. 5United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Center, Temple, TX, U.S.A. 6United States Geological Survey, Upper Midwest Water Science Center, Middleton, WI, U.S.A. 7The Nature Conservancy, Michigan Field Office, Lansing, MI, U.S.A. 8United States Department of Agriculture, Resource Assessment Division, Natural Resources Conservation Service, Temple, TX, U.S.A.
Distress Calls in Neotropical Frogs

Large neotropical hylid and leptodactylid frogs frequently emit loud distress calls under hand held conditions. In spite of remarkable similarities in the production and structure (i.e. spectral energy distribution, short rise and fall times) of these calls, distinct differences between the screams of the ten species studied were found. The percentage of adult individuals producing distress calls is high in Leptodactylus pentadactylus (60%), Hyla lanciformis (55%) and Hyla boans (42%). Screaming is far more common in large neotropical species than in their similar sized counterparts in Europe and North America. It appears improbable that distress calls in frogs have evolved as intraspecific warning signals. Startling an attacking predator and attraction of secondary predators capable of interfering with a threatening raptor are discussed as possible functions of distress calls.
Park use patterns among children– dual roles of neighbourhood parks

The close link between neighbourhood parks and people’s physical and mental health is widely acknowledged. However, most neighbourhood parks were developed without consulting park users. As a result, many parks were deserted and not well utilised. While there is an increased interest in neighbourhood park research, little is known on the park use patterns among children. The main aim of this paper is to explore the park use patterns – or type of activities – that children perform at neighbourhood parks. Children in Alazizeyyah neighbourhood in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia were chosen as participants. The data were collected through children’s drawings and oral descriptions. The data were analysed using thematic analysis. The results showed that children engage more in active park use, in which swinging, family gathering and sliding are the top park use patterns among children in the study area. The results suggested the dual-roles of neighbourhood park – to promote physical and mental health among children and to encourage social ties among family members and friends. The results imply the importance of considering child-friendly environment in the development of neighbourhood parks to increase park visitation and use and subsequently, improve health and wellbeing.
Salinity tolerance and osmoregulation of Taeniomembers microstomus (Gunther, 1861) (Pisces: Mugiliformes: Atherinidae) from Australian salt lakes

Salinity tolerance and osmoregulation of a population of Taeniomembras microstomus were studied. Results indicated that this atherinid fish is extremely euryhaline. Probit analysis revealed that the upper and lower L.D. 50 values for salinity were 108‰ and 3.3‰, respectively. Salinity tolerance was apparently independent of acclimation, Taeniomembras microstomus has remarkable hypo-osmoregulatory abilities. The freezing point depression of body fluid varied from 0.558o to 2.729o when fish were exposed to a salinity range of 5-120‰.
The Tuberin-Hamartin Complex Negatively Regulates β-Catenin Signaling Activity*

Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is characterized by the formation of hamartomas in multiple organs resulting from mutations in the TSC1 or TSC2 gene. Their protein products, hamartin and tuberin, respectively, form a functional complex that affects cell growth, differentiation, and proliferation. Several lines of evidence, including renal tumors derived from TSC2+/− animals, suggest that the loss or inhibition of tuberin is associated with up-regulation of cyclin D1. As cyclin D1 can be regulated through the canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, we hypothesize that the cell proliferative effects of hamartin and tuberin are partly mediated through β-catenin. In this study, total β-catenin protein levels were found to be elevated in the TSC2-related renal tumors. Ectopic expression of hamartin and wild-type tuberin, but not mutant tuberin, reduced β-catenin steady-state levels and its half-life. The TSC1-TSC2 complex also inhibited Wnt-1 stimulated Tcf/LEF luciferase reporter activity. This inhibition was eliminated by constitutively active β-catenin but not by Disheveled, suggesting that hamartin and tuberin function at the level of the β-catenin degradation complex. Indeed, hamartin and tuberin co-immunoprecipitated with glycogen synthase kinase 3 β and Axin, components of this complex in a Wnt-1-dependent manner. Our data suggest that hamartin and tuberin negatively regulate β-catenin stability and activity by participating in the β-catenin degradation complex.
More on Reduced Consensus Methods

I recently introduced new consensus methods that were intended to show great? er sensitivity to common cladistic infor? mation than do component-based consen? sus methods without producing the ambiguity inherent in Adams consensus trees (Wilkinson, 1994a). My purposes here are to correct inaccuracies in my original treatment and to develop an analogue of one of these methods that is applicable to unrooted trees.
The Crystal Structures of Thermomyces (Humicola) Lanuginosa Lipase in Complex with Enzymatic Reactants

To understand the details of the action of fungal lipase and the mechanism for its observed interfacial activation. Fungal lipase, crucial to biotechnology, functions at the lipid - water interface where it undergoes a poorly understood interfacial activation. Biochemical factors influencing its activation and inhibition are also poorly understood. This study provides a basis for its activity and a plausible mechanism for interfacial activation. To determine the structures of fungal lipase in different crystal forms in complex with their enzymatic reactants and inhibitors. X-ray crystallography. Thermomyces lanuginosa lipase was visualized in three crystal forms, of space groups H32, P21 and I222 at 1.3 to 1.45 Å resolution. Rhombohedral crystals have one molecule, lacking segment 241 to 252, as an asymmetric unit, with molecules organized as two trimers. Monoclinic crystals’ asymmetric unit is six intact molecules organized as two, nearly identical trimers, each exhibiting an NCS threefold axis. The “lid” helix was consistently closed. Oligomerization into trimers creates an internal hydrophobic cavity where catalysis occurs. In monoclinic and orthorhombic crystals, active site serines were esterified to fatty acids. Lipase had bound within their trimeric, hydrophobic cavities 1,3-diacylglycerols with fatty acid chain lengths of about 18 carbons. Results suggest trimers are likely the active form of the enzyme at the lipid-water interface. Formation of trimers may provide an explanation for “interfacial activation”.
Hyperlipidemic and Oxidative Stress Effects of Sodium Fluoride and The Ameliorative Role of Selenium and Curcumin in Male Mice

Selenium and Curcumin longa L are full of natural antioxidants and have a lipid-lowering effect. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of sodium fluoride on lipid profile and antioxidant enzymes and the possible protective effects of selenium and Curcumin extract against the toxicity and oxidative stress of sodium fluoride (NaF) that ad- versely affects antioxidant defense system and lipid profile. Mature male mice (weighing 35-45 g and each group of ten animals) were given sodium fluoride (10.3 mg/Kg bw) and/or Selenium (0.5 mg/Kg) + Curcumin extract (60 mg/Kg) daily intraperitoneally (I.P) for 4 weeks. In the present study, Sodium Fluoride exposure resulted in an increase in the Triglycerides, Cholesterol, LDL and v-LDL levels with respect to the control and significant decrease in HDL-c level. As a result, Sodium fluoride induced oxidative stress by decreasing levels of SOD, CAT, GPX, GST and increased MDA which are ameliorated by Curcumin extract and/or selenium to great extent.
Strategi Manajemen Bisnis Pasca Pandemi Covid-19

Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises, the trade sector is currently faced with the problem of declining sales, difficulty in obtaining raw materials, impeded production and distribution, capital difficulties, lack of information technology knowledge and business network constraints. This study aims to determine the business management strategies of SMEs in Sumbawa Regency after the Covid-19 pandemic by referring to questions raised by Pedersen and Ritter (2020), namely: position, plan, perspective, project, and prepare. This type of research is descriptive, data collection methods using structured and gradual interviews. The number of respondents was 27 people. The data analysis technique uses descriptive qualitative. The results of the study explained that the post-Covid-19 business management strategy for MSME entrepreneurs can provide improvement and development of good business sustainability by implementing management strengthening in the fields of marketing, human resources, finance and operations as strategic steps to create an efficient and effective business existence. The conclusion of this study is that SMEs are required to have good knowledge management and absorptive capacity to improve business performance. Furthermore, for future research, it is expected to study more sources and references, namely by adding variables and deeper analysis to obtain more complete research results by using a mixture of quantitative and qualitative methods.