Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Hail climatology and its possible attributions in Beijing, China: 1980-2021

Hail hazards have caused severe losses and threatened the safety of residents in Beijing, the Chinese capital city. A refined analysis of the spatial and temporal distribution of hailstorms in Beijing can help to evaluate the risk of hail and guide the operations of hail prevention. The distribution of weather stations is relatively sparse to figure out the fine distribution of hail events. Therefore, a quality-controlled dataset of disaster information data reported from information reporters is used to analyze the fine temporal and spatial distributions of hail days and events in Beijing from 1980 to 2021 in this study. Hail events and hail days show an obvious downward trend with years from 1981 to 2010, while hail events show a strong upward trend from 2011 to 2021. The seasonal pattern of hail events shows a unimodal distribution from March to October, and the peak appears in June. Most of the hail events occurred from 14:00 to 21:00, while the highest counts appeared from 15:00 to 17:00. More and larger hails occurred in the northwestern mountains rather than southeastern plains in Beijing, highly correlated with the topography. Both total and severe hails hit the mountain area statistically earlier than the plain area. The most frequent hours of hails in the northwestern area and southeastern area were concentrated in the range of 13:00—17:00 and 16:00—20:00 CST, respectively. This time delay is due to the initiation location and movement direction of the convective storms. The influence of ENSO on warm season hails is positive in Beijing, which has a lag of 3 months or longer. The arctic oscillation has a negative correlation with hail days in each month from May to September.
Maternal and fetal outcomes following exposure to duloxetine in pregnancy: cohort study

Abstract Objective To evaluate the risk of adverse maternal and infant outcomes following in utero exposure to duloxetine. Design Cohort study nested in the Medicaid Analytic eXtract for 2004-13. Setting Publicly insured pregnancies in the United States. Participants Pregnant women 18 to 55 years of age and their liveborn infants. Interventions Duloxetine exposure during the etiologically relevant time window, compared with no exposure to duloxetine, exposure to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, exposure to venlafaxine, and exposure to duloxetine before but not during pregnancy. Main outcome measures Congenital malformations overall, cardiac malformations, preterm birth, small for gestational age infant, pre-eclampsia, and postpartum hemorrhage. Results Cohort sizes ranged from 1.3 to 4.1 million, depending on the outcome. The number of women exposed to duloxetine varied by cohort and exposure contrast and was around 2500-3000 for early pregnancy exposure and 900-950 for late pregnancy exposure. The base risk per 1000 unexposed women was 36.6 (95% confidence interval 36.3 to 36.9) for congenital malformations overall, 13.7 (13.5 to 13.9) for cardiovascular malformations, 107.8 (107.3 to 108.3) for preterm birth, 20.4 (20.1 to 20.6) for small for gestational age infant, 33.6 (33.3 to 33.9) for pre-eclampsia, and 23.3 (23.1 to 23.4) for postpartum hemorrhage. After adjustment for measured potential confounding variables, all baseline characteristics were well balanced for all exposure contrasts. In propensity score adjusted analyses versus unexposed pregnancies, the relative risk was 1.11 (95% confidence interval 0.93 to 1.33) for congenital malformations overall and 1.29 (0.99 to 1.68) for cardiovascular malformations. For preterm birth, the relative risk was 1.01 (0.92 to 1.10) for early exposure and 1.19 (1.04 to 1.37) for late exposure. For small for gestational age infants the relative risks were 1.14 (0.92 to 1.41) and 1.20 (0.83 to 1.72) for early and late pregnancy exposure, respectively, and for pre-eclampsia they were 1.12 (0.96 to 1.31) and 1.04 (0.80 to 1.35). The relative risk for postpartum hemorrhage was 1.53 (1.08 to 2.18). Results from sensitivity analyses were generally consistent with the findings from the main analyses. Conclusions On the basis of the evidence available to date, duloxetine is unlikely to be a major teratogen but may be associated with an increased risk of postpartum hemorrhage and a small increased risk of cardiac malformations. While continuing to monitor the safety of duloxetine as data accumulate over time, these potential small increases in risk of relatively uncommon outcomes must be weighed against the benefits of treating depression and pain during pregnancy in a given patient. Trial registration EUPAS 15946.
Genotype‐phenotype correlation in a novel ABHD12 mutation underlying PHARC syndrome

PHARC syndrome is a rare neurodegenerative disorder caused by mutations in the ABHD12 gene. It is a genetically heterogeneous and clinically variable disease, which is characterized by demyelinating polyneuropathy, hearing loss, cerebellar ataxia, retinitis pigmentosa, and early‐onset cataract and can easily be misdiagnosed as other neurologic disorders with a similar clinical picture, such as Charcot‐Marie‐Tooth disease and Refsum disease. We describe the genotype‐phenotype correlation of two siblings with a novel genotype underlying PHARC syndrome. The genotype was identified using next‐generation sequencing. We examined both patients by means of thorough history taking and clinical examination, nerve conduction studies (NCS), brain imaging, and optical coherence tomography to establish a genotype‐phenotype correlation. We identified a novel homozygous point mutation (c.784C > T, p.Arg262*) in the ABHD12 gene. This mutation was detected in both siblings, who had bilateral hearing loss and cataracts, signs of cerebellar ataxia, and neuropathy with a primarily demyelinating pattern in NCS. In one case, retinitis pigmentosa was also evident. As PHARC syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive disorder, our findings highlight the importance of an interdisciplinary diagnostic workup with clinical and molecular genetic testing to avoid a misdiagnosis as Charcot‐Marie‐Tooth disease or Refsum disease.
Use of Local Anesthesia for Pediatric Dental Patients.

This best practice presents recommendations regarding use of local anesthesia to control pain for pediatric dental patients. Considerations in the use of topical and local anesthetics include: the patient’s medical history, developmental status, age, and weight; planned procedures; needle selection; and safety concerns such as risk for methemoglobinemia and systemic effects of anesthetic agents. Guidance is offered on the documentation of local anesthesia administration including anesthetic selection, dose administered, injection type and location, and postoperative instructions. Potential complications such as toxicity, paresthesia, allergy, and postoperative self-induced soft tissue injury are discussed. Additional recommendations address alternative methods of local anesthesia delivery, concurrent use with sedation or general anesthesia, and use during pregnancy. Pain management is an important component of oral health care and can result in a more positive patient experience during pediatric dental procedures This document was developed through a collaborative effort of the American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry Councils on Clinical Affairs and Scientific Affairs to offer updated information and recommendations on using local anesthetics in the management of dental pain for pediatric patients and persons with special health care needs.
Measuring the impact of age, gender and dementia on communication‐robot interventions in residential care homes

The primary aim of this study was to examine the impact of age, gender and the stage of dementia on the results of an assistive technology intervention that make use of communication robots (com‐robots). The intervention was designed to improve the social participation and interactions of nursing home residents. While our previous study showed that the overall effects of com‐robot intervention were positive, it was unknown what impact age, gender and the stage of dementia of participants had on such an intervention.
Severe Oral Mucositis in Pediatric Cancer Patients: Survival Analysis and Predictive Factors

This paper investigates the occurrence of severe oral mucositis and associated factors in blood and solid cancer pediatric patients subjected to cancer treatment, using a survival analysis. A longitudinal, descriptive, observational and inductive study of 142 pediatric patients aged from 0 to 19 years was conducted from 2013 to 2017. Data were collected using a form to record the sociodemographic characteristics and health-related aspects of patients and the modified Oral Assessment Guide (OAG). Survival analysis was performed using the Kaplan–Meier method and Cox semiparametric model. The median times to occurrence of severe oral mucositis were 35.3 and 77.1 days for patients with hematologic malignancies and solid tumors, respectively. The Cox model showed that white cell changes and platelet counts as well as the use of natural chemotherapeutic agents are risk factors for the occurrence of oral mucositis among patients with hematologic malignancies. Nonetheless, among patients with solid tumors, the occurrence of oral mucositis was associated with female sex, mixed ethnicity, the presence of metastasis, abnormal creatinine levels, a combination of chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and surgery, and the administration of chemotherapeutic agents included in the miscellaneous group. The time to occurrence of severe oral mucositis and its associated factors varied according to cancer type.
The Preliminary Results of Bortezomib Used as A Primary Treatment for An Early Acute Antibody-Mediated Rejection after Kidney Transplantation—A Single-Center Case Series

Proteasome inhibitor bortezomib has been used in the treatment of refractory cases of acute and chronic antibody-mediated rejection (AMR) in kidney transplant recipients. However, its efficacy and safety as a primary treatment for early AMR has been scarcely investigated. We herein present our preliminary experience with bortezomib- and plasmapheresis-based primary treatment for early AMR. Thirteen patients transplanted between October 2015 and September 2019 were treated (starting at median 19th post-transplant day) with bortezomib/plasmapheresis protocol for early biopsy-proven AMR. Twelve out of thirteen patients received 4 doses and one patient recieved 3 doses of bortezomib (1.3 mg/m2 per dose). In 11/13 patients, 4–7 concomitant plasmapheresis sessions were performed, with or without intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG). Of note, rituximab was not used in all study patients. The kidney graft and patient survival were 100%. The mean 3-month estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was 55.3 (95%CI: 44.9–65.8) mL/min/1.73m2, 8/13 patients completed 12-month follow-up with mean eGFR 60.4 (45.4–75.4) mL/min/1.73m2, and 6/13 patients completed a 24-month follow-up period with mean eGFR 73.9 (56.7–91.1) mL/min/1.73m2. Neutropenia < 1 G/L was observed in one patient, third or fourth grade thrombocytopenia in two patients, and eleven patients needed a blood transfusion (median: 2 units/patient). The mid-term results of a primary bortezomib-based treatment for kidney AMR showed its non-inferiority as compared to preceding regimens and acceptable safety. However, our data should be validated in a multicenter randomized trial.
Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry

The commercialization of RNA‐based agricultural products requires robust ecological risk assessments. Ecological risk is operationally defined as a function of exposure and adverse effects. Information on the environmental fate of RNA‐ based plant‐incorporated protectants is essential to define routes and duration of exposure to potentially sensitive nontarget organisms. Providing these details in problem formulation helps focus the ecological risk assessment on the relevant species of concern. Postharvest plant residue is often considered to be the most significant route of exposure for genetically modified crops to adjacent aquatic environments. Previous studies have shown that DvSnf7 RNA from SmartStax PRO maize dissipates rapidly in both terrestrial and aquatic environments. Although these studies suggest that direct exposure to DvSnf7 RNA is likely to be low, little is known regarding the fate of DvSnf7 RNA produced in plants after entering an aquatic environment. This exposure scenario is relevant to detritivorous aquatic invertebrates that process conditioned maize tissues that enter aquatic environments. To assess potential exposure to shredders, dissipation of DvSnf7 RNA expressed maize tissue was evaluated following immersion in microcosms containing sediment and water. Concentrations of DvSnf7 RNA in the tissue were measured over a duration of 21 d. The DvSnf7 RNA dissipated rapidly from immersed maize tissue and was undetectable in the tissues after 3 d. Concentrations of DvSnf7 RNA found in tissue as well as calculated water column concentrations were below levels known to elicit effects in a highly sensitive surrogate species, supporting the conclusion of minimal risk to aquatic nontarget organisms. Environ Toxicol Chem 2020;39:1032–1040. © 2020 SETAC
Secure Communication in Cooperative SWIPT NOMA Systems with Non-Linear Energy Harvesting and Friendly Jamming

This paper studies the secure communication of a non-orthogonal multiple-access (NOMA) relaying system in the presence of an eavesdropper in which the NOMA communication between a source and two users is assisted by an energy-harvesting (EH) relay. The relay extracts a part of its received signal strength using a power-splitting (PS) policy then harvests energy using a non-linear EH (NLEH) circuit. A friendly jammer sends jamming signals to help secure communication. The jammer is exploited as an additional energy source. A store-and-transmit (SaT) scheme which allows the EH relay to perform energy storing and information transmitting is proposed. For performance evaluation, the closed-form expressions for three metrics, secrecy outage probability (SOP), average achievable secrecy rate (AASR) and average stored energy (ASE) are derived. These results enable studies on the effects of various system parameters, such as NOMA power-allocation factors, target secrecy rates, jammer’s location, and relay’s power levels, on the system performance.
Investigating the status of health literacy among health providers of rural area

Background and objective: The health literacy is known as a critical indicator of the results and the cost of health care. Having adequate health literacy is required for health care system. Health literacy in health care can be an important factor in decision-making and how they function in the health system to improve public health should be considered. This study aimed to assess health literacy, among health providers of rural area under health centers support in khaf. Methods: 43 health providers of rural area were studied by a cross sectional study. To collect data, demographic and health literacy assessment (TOFHLA) questionnaire were used. The validity and reliability of internal and external studies determined. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS version 16. Results: the mean age of the study subject was 40/32 years,69/8 female and 30/2male. Average health literacy score in health providers was 86/54. Pearson correlation coefficient between the components of health literacy in the study sample showed high correlation (p<0/001). In this study, there wasnrt a statistically significant association between the educational level, age, gender and health literacy status. Conclusion: According to the study, the average level of health literacy and related components among health providers was inadequate. Though, It is necessary to pay more attention to health literacy through health promotion programs. Paper Type: Research Article.
Cultural practices of the Zulu ethnic group on the body and their influence on body donation

Cultural practices in the African continent have been thought to impact negatively on body donation. Thus, most African countries continue to rely on unclaimed bodies for dissection programs, or bequests from the white population. The latter situation is dominant in South African medical schools. Since South Africa is multi‐cultural with nine main ethnic groups of the Black African population, it is important to seek the reasons behind lack of participation in body donation. This report represents a move in this direction with its qualitative study of the cultural practices of the Zulu ethnic group in the province of KwaZulu‐Natal from the perspective of a variety of participants, with emphasis on their treatment of the human body after death. Four themes emerged from interviews: (1) Death is not the end; (2) Effect of belief in ancestors; (3) Significance of rituals and customs carried out on human tissue; and (4) Burial as the only method of body disposal. Each of these themes is discussed in relation to the likelihood of body donation being seen by Zulus as an acceptable practice. It is concluded that this is unlikely, on account of the need to preserve the linkage between the physical human body and the spirit of the deceased person, and the perceived ongoing relationship between the spirit of the dead and the living. In view of these conclusions, a number of options are canvassed about the manner in which anatomists in KwaZulu‐Natal might obtain bodies for dissection. These possibilities have implications for anatomists working in comparable cultural contexts.
Predictive factors of preoperative sentinel lymph node detection in intermediate and high-risk endometrial cancer.

BACKGROUND In endometrial cancer (EC), sentinel lymph node (SLN) mapping has emerged as an alternative to systematic lymphadenectomy. Little is known about factors that might influence SLN preoperative detection. The aim of our study is to evaluate the clinical and technical variables that may influence on the success of SLN detection in preoperative lymphatic mapping in patients with intermediate and high-risk EC when performing Transvaginal Ultrasound-guided Myometrial Injection of Radiotracer (TUMIR). METHODS Between March 2006 and March 2017, we prospectively enrolled patients with histologically confirmed EC with intermediate or high-risk of lymphatic involvement. All women underwent SLN detection by using TUMIR approach. After radiotracer injection, pelvic and abdominal planar and SPECT/CT images were acquired to obtain a preoperative lymphoscintigraphic mapping. Pattern of drainage was registered and analyzed to identify the factors directly involved in drainage. Sonographer learning curves to perform TUMIR approach were created following Cumulative Sum and Wright methods. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed using logistic regression. RESULTS During study period, 123 patients were included. SLN preoperative detection rate was 70.7%. Age under 75 years at diagnosis (p<0.01), radiotracer injection above 4ml -high- volume- (p<0.01), and tumoral size below 2 cm (p=0.04) were associated with higher SLN preoperative detection rate. Twenty-five procedures were necessary to attain an adequate performance in TUMIR approach. CONCLUSIONS The higher SLN preoperative detection rate in women with intermediate and high-risk endometrial cancer after TUMIR approach was related with younger age, smaller tumors and high-volume injection of radiotracer. Sonographers are required to perform 25 procedures before acquiring an expertise in radiotracer injection.
Do birds help trees grow? An experimental study of the effects of land-use intensification on avian trophic cascades.

By regulating populations of herbivores, predators can indirectly influence plant production. However, the factors influencing the strength of this type of trophic cascade are still unclear. We hypothesized that changes to plant community structure would affect the number of avian predators, thereby mediating cascade strength. Using a 4-year, blocked split-plot experiment, we independently manipulated both predators (birds) and plants in an early seral managed forest system in western Oregon, USA, and measured abundance across three trophic levels. We applied herbicides, as a surrogate for land-use intensification, to recently clearcut stands to establish an experimental gradient in plant abundance and species richness, and excluded birds using 28, 225 m2 exclosures. In total, we counted and identified 94,738 arthropods of 141 families in paired control and bird exclosure plots. On average, insectivorous birds reduced arthropod abundance by 16% and plant damage by 14%, and some well-known pests (e.g., Adelges cooleyi) of crop trees (mostly Pseudotsuga menziesii) in our system were reduced by as much as 30%. However, this effect did not translate into a trophic cascade that increased crop-tree growth in the presence of birds. We experimentally reduced plant abundance and diversity by 67% and 55% respectively in the most intensive herbicide treatment in relation to untreated controls, but reduced vegetative resources did not change the strength of the direct effect of birds on arthropods or the indirect effect of birds on plants.
Prospective Changes in the Distribution of Movement Behaviors Are Associated With Bone Health in the Elderly According to Variations in their Frailty Levels

Frailty is associated with poor bone health and osteoporosis, and physical activity (PA) is one of the best treatments for both pathologies in older adults. Nonetheless, because daily time is limited, how the time is distributed during the waking hours is critical. The waking hours are spent according to different movement behaviors: sedentary behaviors (SB), light physical activity (LPA), and moderate‐to‐vigorous physical activity (MVPA). The aim of this study was to use compositional data analyses to examine the effects of the change in movement behaviors on bone health during aging in older people, related to the changes in their frailty levels. We analyzed 227 older people aged 65 to 94 (125 women and 102 men) over a 4‐year period. Movement behaviors were assessed using accelerometry. Both bone mineral density (BMD) and bone mineral content (BMC) were determined using bone densitometry. The Frailty Trait Scale was used to divide the sample by frailty level evolution during aging. The R statistical system was used for the compositional data analysis and, in addition, all models were adjusted for several covariates. The changes in the distribution of all movement behaviors within a waking hour period were significantly associated with spine and femoral neck BMD changes in the subgroup with a positive change in frailty level and spine BMC in the subgroup with no change in frailty level (p ≤ .05). Likewise, MVPA relative to the change in other movement behaviors was also associated in both subgroups with higher BMD and BMC, respectively, in the same body areas (p ≤ .05). No significant associations were found in the negative change in frailty level subgroup. Older people who achieved a positive change in frailty level during a 4‐year period showed higher BMD changes compared to those with no changes or increases in their frailty level. Therefore, increasing MVPA relative to the change in the other movement behaviors during a 4‐year period could perhaps produce bone health improvements in the elderly that do not worsen their frailty level. © 2020 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.