Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Quantitative Trait Loci Analysis of Allelopathy in Rice

The allelopathic potential of rice (Oryza sativa L.) against Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) Beauv. was investigated under both laboratory and greenhouse conditions. A population of 150 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) was derived through single-seed descent from a cross between the indica cultivar AC1423, known to have a strong allelopathic potential, and the aus cultivar Aus196, with low allelopathic potential. The RILs together with the parents were first phenotyped using the laboratory assay known as the relay seeding technique. The screening showed that with regards to allelopathic potential the population phenotype was normally distributed. Two quantitative trait loci (QTLs) were located on chromosomes 4 and 7, explaining 20% of the phenotypic variation. A second relay seeding experiment was set up, this time including charcoal in the perlite. This screening showed that the allelopathic rice varieties did not have any effect on the weed species when grown with charcoal, the charcoal reversing the effect of any potential allelochemicals exuded from the rice roots. The second phenotypic experiment was conducted under greenhouse conditions in pots. Thirteen QTLs were detected for four different allelopathic measurements, located on seven chromosomes, and individually explaining between 5 and 10% of the phenotypic variation. Some QTLs from both experiments located to the same genomic regions. The results show that breeding to increase rice allelopathic potential is possible. (Resume d'auteur)
Incompatibilidade de enxertia induz aumento da suscetibilidade de cultivares de pessegueiro à Xanthomonas arboricola pv. Pruni

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a compatibilidade de enxertia, a suscetibilidade a bacteriose e a frutificacao de oito combinacoes, assim como, a influencia da compatibilidade sobre a severidade da doenca e a frutificacao do pessegueiro. O experimento foi realizado ao nivel de campo, sob infeccao natural da bacteria, no Centro Agropecuario da Palma, pertencente a FAEM/UFPel, em Capao do Leao-RS. Foram avaliadas as combinacoes entre as cultivares 'Chimarrita' e Maciel e os porta-enxertos 'Aldrighi', 'Capdeboscq', 'Tsukuba 1' e 'Umezeiro'. O pomar foi implantado em delineamento experimental de blocos casualizados com quatro repeticoes, sendo cada unidade experimental composta de cinco plantas. Foi avaliada, a compatibilidade de enxertia, o diâmetro do caule, a severidade de dano e o indice de doenca, a area foliar e a frutificacao. As combinacoes entre as cultivares 'Chimarrita' e 'Maciel' e o porta-enxerto 'Umezeiro', apresentaram menor compatibilidade de enxertia, maior severidade de dano e indice de bacteriose, alem de menor frutificacao que as demais. Os resultados obtidos possibilitaram concluir que as combinacoes 'Chimarrita'/'Umezeiro' e 'Maciel'/'Umezeiro' sao incompativeis, alem de, mais suscetiveis a bacteriose e menos produtivas, comparadas as demais. Pode-se dizer tambem, que a incompatibilidade de enxertia induz maior suscetibilidade das plantas a infeccao por bacteriose, resultando em maior severidade da doenca e menor frutificacao
Aphid dispersal flight disseminates fungal pathogens and parasitoids as natural control agents of aphids

Abstract 1. Dispersal flight, a well‐known strategy for aphids to locate suitable plants, was studied for its possible role in disseminating fungal pathogens and parasitoids as natural control agents of aphids by air captures in Hangzhou, China during 2001–2005. Up to 3183 migratory alates of green peach aphid Myzus persicae were captured from air using a yellow‐plus‐plant trap on the top platform of a six‐storey building in an urbanised area, and individually reared in a laboratory for ≥ 7 days.
Minimal Requirements for Exocytosis

The membrane-permeabilizing effects of streptolysin O, staphylococcal alpha-toxin, and digitonin on cultured rat pheochromocytoma cells were studied. All three agents perturbed the plasma membrane, causing release of intracellular 86Rb+ and uptake of trypan blue. In addition, streptolysin O and digitonin also damaged the membranes of secretory vesicles, including a parallel release of dopamine. In contrast, the effects of alpha-toxin appeared to be strictly confined to the plasma membrane, and no dopamine release was observed with this agent. The exocytotic machinery, however, remained intact and could be triggered by subsequent introduction of micromolar concentrations of Ca2+ into the medium. Dopamine release was entirely Ca2+ specific and occurred independent of the presence or absence of other cations or anions including K+ glutamate, K+ acetate, or Na+ chloride. Ca2+-induced exocytosis did not require the presence of Mg2+-ATP in the medium. The process was insensitive to pH alterations in the range pH 6.6-7.2, and appeared optimal at an osmolarity of 300 mosm/kg. Toxin permeabilization seems to be an excellent method for studying the minimal requirements for exocytosis.
Mycosphaerellaceous fungi and new species of Venustosynnema and Zasmidium on ferns and fern allies in Taiwan

Selected fungi on ferns in Taiwan are described, illustrated, annotated and complemented with first DNA sequences. The ranges of distribution, host species, morphology, and the taxonomy of some species were revised. ITS rDNA sequences proved to be useful for distinguishing between species on the same host. A new species of Venustosynnema found on dead leaves of Selaginella moellendorfii differs from the other species of the genus by its small conidiomata with smooth central seta and reniform conidia. A new species of Zasmidium described on living fronds of Dicranopteris linearis is particular by its hyaline, smooth conidia. New data are derived from new collections of Pseudocercospora athyrii , Ps. cyatheae , and Ps. pteridophytophila hitherto only known from the type collections and of Mycosphaerella gleicheniae . Ps. christellae is considered a synonym of Ps. pteridophytophila . M. gleicheniae and Ps. cyatheae are new records for Taiwan.
Technical Efficiency of Beef Cattle Breeding Business in East Java Province

The objectives of this research were to compare technical efficiency of beef cattle business operating in lowland and upland areas of East Java and to identify and analyze factors affecting the technical efficiency as well as inefficiency of that business. A survey was conducted to 89 farmers in the lowland area of Probolinggo District and 97 farmers in the upland areas of Malang Districts during the period of February-March 2013. Results of stochastic frontier production function with MLE method showed that the average technical efficiency in lowland area was higher (80%) compared to that in upland area (64%). The results indicated that beef cattle production was highly significant and positively influenced by total of grasses and forages, rice straw, feed supplements, stock of cattle, labor time allocation and service per conception. However, location of the business, whether in lowland and upland areas was a significant factor that could increase the efficiency. Some factors that could significantly reduce the technical inefficiency of beef cattle business were: labor force in family, education level, proportion of beef cattle income to total household income, age of cattle sold, cattle health examination, ownership status of the cattle, and gender. Therefore, (1) the existing farmers group should be improved their role to facilitate trading of cattle feed, and (2) the government should facilitate the farmers in the provision of funding tu buy beef cattle with a subsidized interest rate, so the farmers will be more enthusiast in taking care of their cattle, thus could improve their production efficiency.
Detecção de ácidos nucleicos em tecidos de gerbils submetidos à infecção aguda por Neospora caninum

Neospora caninum is a protozoan of great importance for livestock, mainly by causing reproductive diseases in cattle. Gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus) may be a model to reproduce experimental acute neosporosis of cattle. In this study two groups of gerbils were formed (n=10) and gerbils were inoculated with N. caninum tachyzoites (NC-1 strain) at two different doses appropriate to cause acute neosporosis: 5x10(6) tachyzoites ml-1 (G1) or 5x10(5) tachyzoites ml-1 (G2). Brain, spinal cord, heart, lung, liver, kidneys and spleen were collected and PCR was performed using samples of these tissues and organs. DNA of N. caninum was detected in at least five tissues for most animals (12/20; 60%) considering both groups. In group 1, the frequency of DNA detection, evaluating all samples, was higher (52/70; 74.28%) compared to group 2 (38/70; 54.28%). These results showed that the protozoan replicated efficiently after inoculation spreading by several tissues. Also, was demonstrated that gerbils can be used as model for acute infection with N. caninum showing clinical signs of neosporosis.
Orchard Cooling with Overtree Sprinkler Irrigation to Improve Fruit Color of `Delicious' Apples

The influence of supplemental sprinkler irrigation on fruit color of Oregon Spur Delicious' (Trumdor) apples (Malus × domestica Borkh.) was evaluated in the area of Lleida (NE Spain) over a 3-year period. Cooling irrigation was applied for 2 hours daily for 25-30 days preceding the harvest. Three treatments were evaluated: 1) control without overtree sprinkler irrigation; 2) sprinkler irrigation applied at midday; and 3) sprinkler irrigation applied at sunset. Fruit color was significantly affected by the cooling irrigation and also by the weather of the particular year. Increased red color and higher anthocyanin content resulted from sprinkler irrigation, especially when applied at sunset. At harvest, anthocyanin content was correlated with a * /b * and hue angle, suggesting that the colorimeter measurements could provide a nondestructive estimate of anthocyanin content.
Further studies on the interaction of loperamide with capacitative calcium entry in Leukemic HL‐60 cells

Loperamide at 3–10 µM has augmentative effects on calcium levels elevated by capacitative calcium entry (CCE) in leukemic HL‐60 cells after release of intracellular calcium by ATP or thapsigargin (Harper et al. [ 1997 ] Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 94:14912–14917). The effect of loperamide on calcium levels was absent at a pH value of 6.8, a pH at which CCE is not active in HL‐60 cells. Further investigations of HL‐60 cells in recent years revealed a great reduction in the magnitude of the loperamide response. However, when preceded by a CCE blocker, namely N‐methylnitrendipine (MRS 1844) or N‐propargylnitrendipine (MRS 1845), loperamide caused a significant reversal of the blockade. Six structural analogs of loperamide were synthesized, but only two showed loperamide‐like activity. Drug Dev. Res. 67:842–851, 2006. Published 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Suppressor cell mediated regulation of delayed-type hypersensitivity to histocompatibility antigens

textabstractDTH to allogeneic histocompatibility antigens is a T cell dependent reaction, which can be induced in immunologically competent individuals by subcutaneous (s.c.) or intravenous (i.v.) administration of alloantigens (Vander Kwast and Benner, 1978; Bianchi et al., 1984). After immunization, activated antigen-specific T cells and, possibly, T cell derived factors circulate through the body and mediate an effective immune-surveillance. After reencounter with the specific antigen, for example after injection of the relevant allogeneic spleen cells into a hind foot, these T cells or their factors cause the release of vasoactive substances, which lead to the accumulation of granulocytes, mononuclear cells and edemic fluid. This inflammatory response appears as a swelling of the site of reencounter of the antigen, which is maximal between 24 and 96 hours after antigen administration. The delayed onset distinguishes DTH from the more immediate types of hypersensitivity. DTH can also be induced in immunologically incompetent individuals, by the infusion of allogeneic, immunocompetent T cells. This leads to a state of DTH directed to the host histocompatibility antigens (Wolters and Benner, 1978). Anti-host DTH can be assayed by secondary transfer of lymphoid cells from the irradiated recipients to naive secondary recipients, syngeneic to the original spleen cell donors. The secondary recipients are subsequently challenged in a hind foot with spleen cells expressing the alloantigens of the primary irradiated recipients. The T cells that mediate DTH probably represent a subset of Th cells (Bianchi et al., 1981; Mossman and Coffman, 1987), although certain cloned Tc cells mediating DTH have been described (Lin and Askonas, 1981; Weiss and Dennert, 1981).
Evaluation of Pathogens as Potential Biocontrol Agents of Hydrilla

During a 1-year survey for micro-organisms associated with hydrilla, approximately 2200 microbes were recovered from hydrilla, surrounding water and sediment collected from 10 man-made ponds and three natural lakes in Florida, USA. A representative selection of fungi (651), bacteria (330) and actinomycetes (38) from this collection was screened against hydrilla in bioassays. Severity of damage (DS) was determined on a scale of 0 to 4, where 0 = healthy, 1 = 1-25% damage, 2 = 26-50% damage, 3 = 51-75% damage, and 4 = 76-100% damage (100% = complete kill). Of the 1019 isolates that were examined in this manner, none of the actinomycetes were pathogenic on hydrilla, however two strains of bacteria (0.6% of the bacteria tested), and 42 isolates of fungi (6.5% of the fungi tested) were effective at DS level 4 (DS4) on hydrilla 3 weeks postinoculation. Fungi and bacteria capable of killing hydrilla are considered to have potential as biocontrol agents or as sources of novel herbicidal metabolites. These included Acremonium sp. , Botrytis sp. , Curvularia sp. , Cylindrocarpon sp. , Fusarium culmorum and F. moniliforme. The biocontrol potential of F. culmorum has been established in several tests. For maximum bioherbicidal activity of this fungus against hydrilla, its inoculum should be applied at a rate of 5 x 10 5 conidia/ml at 20-25°C water temperature.
CONIDIOPHORES, CONIDIA, AND CLASSIFICATION

Characters of conidiophore and conidium development are used for the separation of some common temperate and a few tropical Hyphomycetes into eight Sections. The need for further studies on the precise method of conidium development is stressed because this promises to provide the most stable character for the classification of Fungi Imperfecti as a whole. Conidiophores and conidia of a large number of Hyphomycetes are figured to illustrate the various characters common to each Section.
Efficiency of ciprofloxacin removal by ozonation process with calcium peroxide from aqueous solutions

Abstract Background: Advanced oxidation processes such as catalytic ozonation are efficient for the removal of antibiotics. Calcium peroxide is one of the catalysts that can be used as a source of hydrogen peroxide. Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the efficiency of ciprofloxacin removal by ozonation process with calcium peroxide from aqueous solutions. Methods: This experimental study was conducted in Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, 2013. The process consisted of ciprofloxacin with a concentration of 10-100 mg/L, pH=3-11 calcium peroxide with a concentration of 0-0.1 mg/L, 1 gr/min ozone (O3), and 30 min reaction time in a semiconductor reactor. Findings: In the optimal condition, at pH 3, calcium peroxide 0.025 mg/L, O3 1 gr/min, and initial antibiotic concentration of 10 mg/L, 92% of ciprofloxacin was removed and 45% of chemical oxygen demand was reduced. Conclusion: With regards to the results, the ozonation process with calcium peroxide can be suitable for removal of ciprofloxacin contamination.
Polymorphism in cyanogenic glycoside content and cyanogenic β-glucosidase activity in natural populations of Eucalyptus cladocalyx

Cyanogenesis is the process by which plantsrelease hydrogen cyanide (HCN) from endogenous cyanide-containing compoundsand is thought to play a role in plant defence against generalist herbivores.Cyanogenesis is poorly understood in natural populations, and has been littlestudied in tree species. In this paper we present the first systematic surveyof cyanogenesis in the economically and ecologically important genusEucalyptus. We document variability in both theconcentration of the cyanogenic glycoside, prunasin, and the accompanyingdegradative b-glucosidase in a woody plant for the first time. Leaves of 96E. cladocalyx F. Muell. trees growing in naturalpopulations on Kangaroo Island, South Australia were analysed. All trees werecyanogenic, containing both cyanogenic glycosides and active b-glucosidase.Cyanogenic glycoside concentration varied by over two orders of magnitude. Theb-glucosidase activity varied widely as well, but plants high in cyanogenicglycosides did not necessarily have higher enzyme activity. A significantproportion of the variation in cyanogenic glycoside concentration can beaccounted for by the variation in leaf nitrogen. Most of the variation,however, appears to be the result of genetic polymorphism, which is inheritedindependently of the level of activity of the degradativeb-glucosidase.
Glycerol residue - a rich source of glycerol and medium chain fatty acids

Glycerol residue, a by-product of glycerol refining from a palm kernel oil methyl ester plant, was found to be a good source of glycerol and medium chain fatty acids. From analyses of twelve samples, it was found to contain, on average, 20.2 % glycerol and 6.6 % fatty acids. The fatty acids comprised mainly C8:0 (30.3 %), C10:0 (9.4 %) and C12:0 (40.8 %).
Effects of Hatching Egg Weight and Parental Age on the Hatching Weight and 6th Week Live Weight in Japanese Quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica)

This experiment was conducted to determine the effects of hatching egg weight and parental age on the hatching chick weight and sixth week of age live weight of Japanese Quail ( Coturnix coturnix japonica). The first experiment was carried out with a total of 450 quail chicks hatched from three different egg weights groups (A, 11.0-11.9 g; B, 12.0-12.9 g; C, 13.0-13.9 g). In the second experiment, a total of 200 quail chicks hatched from eggs of two different age groups (22 and 65 wks of age) were used. As a result of the first experiment, average chick weights at the hatching and live weight of six weeks age were determined as 6.98, 7.56, 8.39 g and 178.16, 182.92, 181.32 g for A, B and C groups, respectively. There were significantly differences (P
Does the Role of the Rating Prior to the Announcement Explain Different Influence of Credit Rating Downgrades and Upgrades on Stock Prices

OVERALL ASSESSMENT (provided in English, Czech, or Slovak): This master thesis addresses an important topic of the different influence of credit rating downgrades and upgrades on stock prices. Financial markets tend to have a significantly higher reaction to announcements of credit rating downgrades relatively to upgrades. It is however not yet clear why this is the case. The main objective of this thesis is to analyse the role of credit rating prior to announcements of credit rating changes on stock prices. This topic is not new to the current literature but has not been widely researched yet mainly due to data availability issues.
Population Characteristics of Lions (Panthera leo) in the Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park

Lions (Panthera leo) that kill livestock around the Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park have been persecuted for decades. The impact of this on the population ecology and long-term survival probability of this population has been unknown. This was largely due to a lack of basic population information. The results of a three-year intensive study from 1998 to 2001 into the population characteristics of Kgalagadi lions are presented. Kgalagadi lions exhibit similar population characteristics to most other lion populations and show little to no effect of anthropogenic mortality. Differences from other populations include exceptionally large home ranges (1462 ± 388 km2), which are however related to prey biomass. The adult sex ratio was more biased towards females than is typical, which is possibly a product of both ecological and anthropogenic influences. Cub survival is related to rainfall conditions and the number of adult lionesses in groups with cubs, but not to the number of adult males defending each pride. Owing to low prey abundance prides form stable subgroups typically containing two adult lionesses for long periods once cubs have reached one year of age. Kgalagadi lions show similar dispersal patterns to other lion populations with resident prey. Subadults in boundary prides suffer high mortality levels in response to livestock depredation. Males are more likely to become habitual livestock raiders, which ultimately leads to them being killed.
Cold hardiness of olive (Olea europaea L.) cultivars in cold-acclimated and non-acclimated stages: seasonal alteration of soluble sugars and phospholipids

SUMMARY In many plant species, several physiological and biochemical changes occur during low-temperature-induced cold acclimation. A previous study with olive cultivars (Cansev et al.2009) demonstrated a correlation between the level of accumulation of certain leaf proteins besides antioxidative enzyme activities and cold hardiness of the cultivars. The present paper analysed soluble sugar (SS) and phospholipid (PL) contents of cold-acclimated (CA) and non-acclimated (NA) leaf tissues in order to explain the mechanism of cultivar-dependent response to cold in olive. In general, cold acclimation significantly increased total soluble sugar (TSS), reducing sugars and sucrose contents of all cultivars to various extents depending on the cold hardiness of cultivars. In addition, TSS, reducing sugars and sucrose contents in cold-tolerant cultivars were significantly increased, whereas TSS, reducing sugars and sucrose contents in cold-sensitive cultivars either did not change or increased slightly in CA stage compared with those in NA stage. Even though reducing sugars were the major soluble sugar in olive leaves, levels of sucrose accumulations in CA stage compared with those in NA stage were greater than those observed in reducing sugars accumulation. Changes in levels of total PL, as well as the three individual PL fractions phosphatidylcholine (PC), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) and phosphatidylinositol (PI), were investigated in olive leaf tissues. Significant increases in levels of PC and PE fractions during CA compared with those in NA stage suggested that PC and PE maintained the cold hardiness of olive cultivars more effectively than did PI. Although the precise mechanisms by which olive responds to cold may still be open to discussion, soluble sugars and PL are clearly important in the ability of olive cultivars to stand against cold stress.
Prevalence of two monogenean parasites on different length groups of crucian carp (Carassius carassius Linneus, 1758).

Dactylogyrus anchoratus Dujardin, 1857 and Gyrodactylus katharineri Malmberg, 1964 were identified on crucian carp, Carassius carassius L. , 1758 in the present study, which was carried out between February 1999 and January 2000. A total of 117 fish specimens were examined. The infestation prevalence and mean intensity levels for G. katharineri was 37.61%, respectivly 27.75±2.203 and for D. anchoratus was 24.78%, 4.69±1.730 per fish, respectively. The infestation prevalence and mean intensity levels were higher during spring and sumer, for the both parasites. No statistically significant preference for either sex of the fish was determined. In this study, we examined a total of 117 fish, out of which 44 (38%) were infested by 1221 G. katharineri, and 29 (25%) infested by a total of 136 D. anchoratus.