Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Study of antimicrobial potential of Aegle marmelos

1. Department of biotechnology, Assistant Professor, Kongu Arts and Science College, Erode, India *[Email: mithrajabi@gmail.com Tel: +91-95855 54004] 2. Assistant Professor, Department of Biotechnology, Rathnavel Subramanian College of Arts and Science, Coimbatore, India. 3. Student, Department of Biotechnology, Kongu Arts and Science College, Erode, India. 4. Student, Department of Biotechnology, Kongu Arts and Science College, Erode, India. 5. Student, Department of Biotechnology, Kongu Arts and Science College, Erode, India.
Propiconazole and Salicylic acid alleviate effect of drought stress in sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) through biochemical and some physiological characters.

In this study, the protective role of propiconazole (PCZ) and salicylic acid (SA) in relation to biochemical content and some physiological parameters were investigated in drought stressed Sorghum bicolor plants. The pot culture experiment was carried out on Botanical garden, Deportment of Botany, Annamalai University. A 30 Days After Sowing (DAS) plants were subjected to 3, 6, and 9 Days Interval Drought (DID) stress and drought with PCZ at 1 mM and drought with SA at 1 mM at 30, 40, and 50 DAS. The plants irrigated regularly in alternate day interval were kept as control. The plant samples were collected on 60, 70, and 80 DAS from all the treatments. The biochemical contents like starch and sucrose, then physiological parameter like Relative Water Content (RWC) and Electrolyte Leakage (EL) were analysed. Under the drought stress reduced starch and RWC was observed then, sucrose and EL content were increased. The drought with growth regulator treated plants starch and RWC was reduced then, sucrose and EL was increased but it was lower than that of control. Together, our findings demonstrate that, PCZ and SA is an efficient growth regulator with diversified roles that contribute to its potential alleviating effect against drought stress.
Predation on White-tailed Deer Fawns by Bobcats, Foxes, and Alligators: Predator Assessment

Forty-eight white-tailed deer fawns (Odocoileus virginianus) were marked during the spring and early summer of 1981 and 1982. Forty-one (85.4%) of these fawns died, 26 (63%) due to predation. In 18 of the 26 predator-caused deaths, the species of predator could be determined. Bobcats (Felis rufus) accounted for 12 deaths, while red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) , gray foxes (Urocyon cinereoargenteus) and alligators (Alligator missis­ sipptensis) were responsible for a total of at least 6 fawn deaths. Criteria for determining predator damage are discussed. Foxes and alligators have not previously been documented as predators on white-tailed deer fawns.
In Vitro Cytotoxic Study for Purified Resveratrol Extracted from Grape Skin Fruit Vitis vinifera

This study was conducted with the aim to extract and purify a polyphenolic compound â€œ Resveratrolâ€ from the skin of black grapes Vitis vinifera cultivated in Iraq. The purified resveratrol is obtained after ethanolic extraction with 80% v/v solution for fresh grape skin, followed by acid hydrolysis with 10% HCl solution then the aglycon moiety was taken with organic solvent ( chloroform). Using silica gel G60 packed glass column chromatography with mobile phase benzene: methanol: acetic acid 20:4:1 a partial purified resveratrol was obtained then preperative thin layer chromatography technique yielded pure crystals identified as resveratrol (mixture of two isomers cis and trans) in relation to resveratrol standard (35 mg resveratrol crystals / 0.5 kg fresh grape skin was obtained as a result of these processes ). The study was also employed an in vitro evaluation the cytotoxic effect of pure resveratrol on some cell line including : the murine mammary adenocarcinoma AMN-3 cell line, the human laryngeal carcinoma (Hep-2) cell line and the Rat embryo fibroblast (Ref) cell line, at different concentrations and different expousure time. The cytotoxic effect of the pure resveratrol was studied in comparison with trans- resveratrol standard in concentrations of (12.5, 25, 50 and 100) Âµg/ml for both purified resveratrol and the standard, also the comparism included methotrexate drug in concentrations (0.05 , 0.1 , 0.2 and 0.4) Âµg/ml toward the growth effects of the three types of cell lines and at three exposure times (24, 48 and 72) hours. The cytotoxic inhibition effect for the purified extracted resveratrol revealed that the highest significant effect (P<0.01) was achieved after 24 hr of exposure on both AMN-3 and Ref cell lines. Hep-2 cell line responded to extracted resveratrol in different manners. Keywords: Resveratrol , grape skin , polyphenols, cytotoxic study
Characteristics of the dairy farmers who perform financial management in Paraná State, Brazil

ABSTRACT The objective of this paper was to analyze financial management practices in dairy production systems. More specifically, we sought to identify which milk producers adopt financial management practices. We conducted 55 semi-structured questionnaires in the Western Region of Parana. The data were processed through descriptive and multivariate statistical analysis. The analysis of hierarchical clusters defined, based on variables related to financial management practices, two distinct groups. The first group included milk producers who do not adopt financial management practices [. ]
Seasonal catch, size, color, and assessment of trapping variables for the European green crab Carcinus maenas (Linnaeus, 1758) (Brachyura: Portunoidea: Carcinidae), a nonindigenous species in Massachusetts, USA

The population of the nonindigenous green crab Carcinus maenas (Linnaeus, 1758) in Salem Sound, Massachusetts, USA, was studied over a three-year period from July 2013 through June 2016 using baited traps deployed monthly at five sites. Seasonal catch per unit effort, sex, size, and color were determined and the role of habitat variables, including temperature, salinity, water depth, and substrate, were evaluated. Seasonal catch per unit effort was highest in the fall (October-December), followed by summer (July-September), spring (April-June) and winter (January-March). Few crabs were captured when water temperature dropped below 5 °C. Crabs captured at sites with very fine sand were larger than those captured on other sediment types. Females comprised 73% of the total catch of 7,822 crabs. Only 57 individuals exceeded 70 mm carapace width. Females were larger (mean = 51.7 mm) than males (mean = 48.8 mm). Green-phase crabs comprised 56.8% and red-phase crabs 43.2% of the catch. Green-phase crabs were significantly smaller (mean = 48.1 mm) than red-phase crabs (mean = 53.6 mm, P < 0.0001). Red-phase females were most common in the spring and green-phase in the fall, whereas red-phase males were most common in the spring and fall and green-phase in the summer. A yellow-phase category is proposed as a distinct intermediate between red and green phases. Merits of various types of traps and of bait were evaluated based on different trapping requirements and goals. This is the first investigation of multiple aspects of a population of C. maenas in Massachusetts. The findings should prove useful for researchers studying other populations of C. maenas, as well as for commercial crab fishers or others trapping green crabs for bait, or in efforts to reduce population numbers of this destructive invasive species.
Language as genes of culture and biodiversity conservation: The case of “Zaysite” language in southern region of Ethiopia

Background and aim : Ethiopia is a country of a remarkablei¦ mosaici¦ people each with its own distinct languages, and cultural norms without which progress and development are impossible and development that does not pay attention to culture and environment cannot produce fruits. Zeyse ethnic group is one of the minority ethnic groups whose language and its role to conserve biodiversity is not studied well. The aim of this study was to assess the status of Zeyse ethnic group language and its role in biodiversity conservation. Subjects : During the study, the status of the language and its role to conserve biodiversity were assessed by, taking a sample of 230 individuals from the population that includes age groups ranged from 10 to 105 years, who were native i§Zaysitei¨ speakers. Results and conclusion : The result indicated positive attitude of the respondents towards their language, the link between linguistically encoded indigenous environmental knowledge and biodiversity conservation, existence of some obsolete words of Zaysite language, and progressive decrease of the mean (ƒ{X ) numbers of correctly interpreted vocabularies from elders (ƒ{X =63.85) to teenagers (ƒ{X =37.23). These findings prove noticeable gradual decline in the use of Zaysite language. Losses of vocabularies, as social genes of culture and some words becoming obsolete have not only negative impacts on the proficiency and communicative functions of the language, but also on the biodiversity conservation because life in a particular human environment is dependent on peoplei¦s ability to express the environment using words (cultural genes) of the language. Therefore, language has a direct positive effect on the biodiversity conservation and hence, Zaysite and other languages need protection, preservation and documentation in order to conserve biodiversity. Key words : biodiversity, elders, endangerment, language preservation, teenagers, Zaysite, cultural genes
Nitrogen deficiency inhibits cell division-determined elongation, but not initiation, of rice tiller buds

Plant branching shoot number is strongly influenced by nitrogen (N) supply status. However, detailed descriptions of this phenomenon and the regulatory mechanism are lacking. In this study, we show that, in rice, in comparison to sufficient supply of ammonium sulfate or ammonium nitrate (2.5 or 5 mM N), low N (0.2 mM) or nitrate as the only N source limited shoot branching, i.e., tillering number. We observed that N deficiency did not affect the initiation, but suppressed the elongation of the tiller buds. We carried out in-situ hybridization of the tiller buds and showed that the expression of histone H4 , a marker of S-phase in the cell cycle, could not be detected in the tiller buds that had stopped growing, indicating that cell division was suppressed in the tissues. Consistent with this finding, we further detected that the expression of other cell cycle marker genes was decreased in the N-deficient tiller buds in comparison to N-sufficient tiller buds. In addition, expression of the genes involved in the strigolactone pathway was induced in the tiller buds by N deficiency, in accordance with other reports. These results shed light on the importance of proper N application to control tiller bud outgrowth in grain production.
Studies on ethanol production from spoiled fruits by batch fermentations

India is the second major producer of fruits and vegetables. In the world, particularly grape orange, apple, pineapple, banana, and papaya (Carica Papaya) some micro organisms isolated from the peels, pulp and juice, ash, pH, moisture, lipid, especially Acetobacter aceti, Clostridium butyrium Bacillus sp and Micrococcus, some fungal microbes. Aspergillus flavus, A.niger, penicillium, chrysogenum, and Fusarium species were best fermentation process and gives the nutritive values. The maximum amount of nutritive compounds were present in papaya, fruits there composition of papaya was moisture content 8.5 to 93.1 calcium, Phosphorus 6.8 to 8.9%, Protein 0.47 to 2.15 and fat 0.04 to 0.5% respectively. Papaya Juice had the best organileinic quality however the most ethanol distillate was produced from Papaya. The papaya fruit pulp from raw starch Hydrolate are attractive resources for economical production of ethanol. Key words: Papaya fruits, sacharification, Alcoholic fermentation, Distillation.
Description of Mastobranchus uru sp. nov. (Annelida: Capitellidae) from Iriomote Island, Japan

We describe a new capitellid species, Mastobranchus uru sp. nov., from a tidal flat on Iriomote Island, Okinawa, southern Japan. This species differs from its three congeners in having capillary chaetae only on the notopodia in chaetiger 1 and in the number and arrangement of teeth on hooks. We also provide for this new species a barcode nucleotide sequence from the mitochondrial 16S rRNA gene.
Supplementation Spent Grain from Waste Brewery in the Diet ofHousehold Ovine System in the State of Mexico

Industrial wastes poses a threat of environmental pollution worldwide, due to high biochemical oxygen demand for destruction. The beer industrial process, produces large amounts of semi-liquid waste as by-products, which can be reused in animal feed with beneficial results over performance in ruminant animals. In Mexico, the ovine household production system is based on forages in state of Mexico with low efficiency, principally during dry seasons in the year. The aim of this study was to use spent grain to supplement the ration of landrace hampshire sheep into a household system production. The study was conducted in the municipality of Cuautlalpan, State of Mexico. Nine sheep landrace (7 females and 2 males) with an initial weight between 35 ± 10 kg were used and grouped into two treatments. The control group (T0) without supplementation, T1 supplementation with 10% of two spent grain and T2 with 10% of six spent grain, in a statistical model completely randomized. The one way analysis of variance (ANOVA) of weight gain was run in a general linear model procedure (GLM) of SAS, 2009. The results showed a positive effect of 10% supplementation with spent grain in the diet of crossbred sheep in on the daily weight gain (P ≤ 0.05), versus non untreated group. It is concluded that supplementation with spent grain from six malts in a 10% of dry basis ration, helps improve weight gain on landrace sheep in household system production.
Variation in the number of sperm trapped on the perivitelline layer of the egg in three species of estrildid finch

ABSTRACT Birds are physiologically polyspermic, with normal embryonic development following penetration of the inner perivitelline layer (PVL) of the ovum by multiple sperm. The PVL traps dozens to thousands of the sperm present at the time of fertilization, providing information about the number of sperm that traversed the females' reproductive tract and reached the ovum. Broadly, across avian species, the number of sperm detected on the PVL is positively related to ovum size and female body mass. However, relatively few studies have characterized the amount of variation that occurs within and between closely related species that are similar in size. We characterized variation in the average number of sperm trapped by the PVL, across species and between and within breeding pairs, in 3 similar-sized species of estrildid finch. The average number of PVL sperm changed significantly across the laying order in 2 of the species, and there was significant variation between breeding pairs in all 3 species. The variation in PVL sperm number was not always consistent within a pair across multiple breeding attempts (2 species examined). Our data highlight the need to better understand the patterns and processes of selection that optimize and alter the number of sperm reaching the ovum within and across species.
Potential of chitosan alone and in combination with agricultural wastes against the root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita infesting eggplant

The present investigation was carried out to evaluate the potential of chitosan alone and in combination with various agricultural wastes for the management of rootknot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita on eggplant cv. ‘BR-112’ under greenhouse conditions. The results showed that chitosan as a single or joint treatment with agricultural wastes significantly (p ≤ 0.05) reduced root-knot indices, and the nematode population in soil. As a result, of this, the growth and growth yielding attributes of eggplant were remarkably augmented. Chitosan as an elicitor induced plant mediated systemic resistance against M. incognita in eggplant. The results of the study demonstrated that maximum reduction in eggmass/root, eggs/eggmasses, nematode population and root-knot indices, was acquired by the treatments: chitosan + onion and chitosan + mentha. It was followed by chitosan + Brassica, chitosan + urad and chitosan + coconut whereas, chitosan combined with corn cob waste was found to be the least effective when compared to the control. The application of chitosan alone was effective but not very satisfactory. Compared to the control applications of all the treatments significantly increased plant growth in terms of length, fresh and dry weights, pollen fertility, yield and biochemical parameters such as chlorophyll, carotenoid content and antioxidant enzymes. This may have been due to the eliciting activity of chitosan, causing systemic resistance in the plant and the release of various toxic chemical compounds during decomposition which have lethal effects against the second stage juveniles of M. incognita and nematode multiplication.
Diversity of fungus‐growing termites (Macrotermes) and their fungal symbionts (Termitomyces) in the semiarid Tsavo Ecosystem, Kenya

Fungus‐growing termites of the subfamily Macrotermitinae together with their highly specialized fungal symbionts (Termitomyces) are primary decomposers of dead plant matter in many African savanna ecosystems. The termites provide crucial ecosystem services also by modifying soil properties, translocating nutrients, and as important drivers of plant succession. Despite their obvious ecological importance, many basic features in the biology of fungus‐growing termites and especially their fungal symbionts remain poorly known, and no studies have so far focused on possible habitat‐level differences in symbiont diversity across heterogeneous landscapes. We studied the species identities of Macrotermes termites and their Termitomyces symbionts by excavating 143 termite mounds at eight study sites in the semiarid Tsavo Ecosystem of southern Kenya. Reference specimens were identified by sequencing the COI region from termites and the ITS region from symbiotic fungi. The results demonstrate that the regional Macrotermes community in Tsavo includes two sympatric species (M. subhyalinus and M. michaelseni) which cultivate and largely share three species of Termitomyces symbionts. A single species of fungus is always found in each termite mound, but even closely adjacent colonies of the same termite species often house evolutionarily divergent fungi. The species identities of both partners vary markedly between sites, suggesting hitherto unknown differences in their ecological requirements. It is apparent that both habitat heterogeneity and disturbance history can influence the regional distribution patterns of both partners in symbiosis.
Effects of dietary total phosphorus concentration and casein supplementation on the determination of true phosphorus digestibility for broiler chickens

Abstract A study was conducted to compare the regression-driven estimates of true precaecal digestibility (TPD) of phosphorus (P) in soybean meal (SBM) for broiler chickens fed diets with or without casein supplementation at moderate or low total P concentration. A total of 768 male Ross 308 broilers were allocated to 12 diets in a 2 × 2 × 3 factorial arrangement of two total P concentration (moderate-P or low-P), two diet types (with or without casein) and three SBM levels (low, medium or high). There were 8 chicks per cage and 8 replicate cages per treatment group in a randomised complete block design. The birds were fed experimental diets form d 14 to 21 post-hatching. Chromic dioxide was used as an indigestible marker. The results showed that dietary casein supplementation improved body weight (BW) gain, feed intake and feed efficiency of broilers (p < .01). Broilers fed the moderate-P diets had greater dietary total P intake, precaecal flow and total tract output of P, precaecal digested P, and total tract retained P compared with birds fed the low-P diets (p < .01). Dietary casein supplementation increased precaecal digested P, total tract retained P, apparent precaecal digestibility (APD) and total tract retention (TTR) of P (p < .01). Broilers fed the moderate-P diets had a linear decrease in the APD and TTR of P with increasing SBM levels (p < .01). Precaecal digested P and total tract retained P increased with graded inclusion of SBM levels (linear, p < .01). Regression of precaecal digested P against dietary P intake showed that chicks fed the moderate-P diets had lower estimates of TPD of P in SBM than that for chicks fed the low-P diets (p < .05), while dietary casein supplementation had no effects on the determined values of TPD of P. In conclusion, the regression-driven true phosphorus digestibility in assay feed ingredients for broiler chickens was affected by dietary total P concentration.
Effect of forest clear cuts on plant–pollinator interactions: the case of three ericaceous subshrubs in Lithuanian pine forests

Managed boreal pine forests are subject to regular clear cuts causing significant disturbances to these ecosystems. It is believed that, to some extent, they resemble natural cycles of forest growth, decline, and regeneration and can benefit, e.g., mutualistic relations among plants and pollinators. To study the impact of forest management (clear cuts) on pollinator visitation, we focused on three ericaceous plant species, Vaccinium myrtillus , V. vitis-idaea , and Calluna vulgaris , common elements of pine forest understory. Our observations, conducted in Lithuania, showed that there are no differences among control mature stands and clear cut areas in terms of visitation frequency for all three studied species. However, at least for C. vulgaris , a shift toward fly visits was observed in the clear cut site, showing that open areas are preferred habitats for these insects. Ants constituted an important share of visitors to flowers of V. myrtillus and C. vulgaris , suggesting their important role in reproduction of these plant species.
Effects of avocado seed extract in different trisextenders on sperm and oxidative stress indices of vitrified goat spermatozoa

Effects of avocado seed extract (ASE) in different tris-extenders on sperm and seminal oxidative stress indices of vitrified spermatozoa of West African Dwarf (WAD) goats during vitrification were assessed. Semen samples were diluted with varying levels (0, 5, 10, 15 and 20 mL/100 mL of diluent) of ASE in tris citric acid (TCA), tris sodium phosphate (TSP) and tris sodium citrate (TSC) extenders while a tris-extender without citric acid, sodium phosphate and sodium citrate served as control. Diluted semen samples were vitrified and preserved. The results revealed higher (P<0.05) progressive sperm motility in TCA extenders at 10%, 15% and 20%, and TSP extender at 20% ASE. Acrosome integrities were higher (P<0.05) in the different tris-extenders at 15% and 20% ASE. TCA, TSP and TSC extenders had higher (P<0.05) membrane integrities at 10%, 15% and 20% ASE. TSP extenders had higher (P<0.05) live sperm at 20% ASE. TCA extenders had higher acrosome reaction while TSP at 20% ASE and TSC at 15% and 20% of ASE had higher sperm capacitation. TCA extender at 20% ASE had reduced malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations while higher acrosin activities were observed at 20% ASE in TCA extender (P<0.05). The findings indicated that 20% ASE in the tris-extenders improved sperm and oxidative stress indices and the tris-extenders were ranked best in this order: TCA > TSP > TSC.