Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
ORGANIZING FOR AUTONOMY: A COMBINED CONTINGENCY AND AGENCY PERSPECTIVE

This article aims at explaining work autonomy using contingency theory and agency theory. While prior research relies on individual level data (sometimes across nations), the present analysis specifically aims at understanding work autonomy as a management decision at the organizational level. Data were collected among 670 private companies in the Netherlands using a survey. The companies represent a cross section of the Dutch economy. The data are analyzed using regression analysis. The factors derived from contingency theory and agency theory turn out to predict the use of work autonomy. More generally, they can be understood as internal and external fit factors and the agency problems associated with them. These contingency factors include task characteristics, organizational size, organizational governance, and external developments. Whereas work autonomy is often viewed as a matter of organizational design, much of the empirical work relied on individual level data. As a result, little is known about organizational factors related to the provision of autonomy of workers. For actors involved in organizational practices (e.g. managers and consultancy), the article offers a number of suggestions for managing autonomy. This article specifically focuses on the organizational level by examining data collected among companies.
Multiscale simulations of carbon nanotubes in aqueous environments

Carbon nanotubes (CNT) are molecular-scale carbon fibres with a graphitic structure. Their unusual mechanical, electronical, and chemical properties allow innovative applications such as nanotube based biosensors and novel nanotube tips for atomic force microscopes. The use of CNTs in these applications requires an understanding of the fundamental underlying physical mechanisms. In the case of CNT-based biosensors, it is important to understand the CNT-water interactions as most living organisms are comprised and operate in aqueous environments. This thesis develops and exploits computational methods to characterize the interaction between CNTs and water. In particular, two issues on the CNT-water interaction are considered, namely: Whether and how water wets CNT surfaces and how water flows around CNTs. Molecular dynamics (MD) and multiscale simulations are conducted to answer these questions. In MD simulations, the employed interaction potentials determine the dynamics and physics of the system under investigation. For a first MD study of water droplets inside CNTs, the water–carbon interaction potential is taken from experimental data on oxygen adsorption on graphite. It is found that the water does not wet CNTs. In a subsequent study of water droplets on graphite, it is shown that the contact angle changes linearly with the water monomer binding energy on graphite. This finding is exploited to calibrate the interaction potential parameters against experimental data. In the calibration, it is shown that the line tension at the droplet base has a non-negligible effect on the contact angle of the considered nanometer sized droplets. The influence of impurities on the contact angle is exemplified by the inclusion of potassium-chloride ion pairs in the water droplets. The potassium partially precipitates onto the graphite and reduces the water contact angle. In the second part of this thesis, the flow of water past an array of single walled CNTs is studied using non-equilibrium MD simulations. It is shown that the computed drag coefficient is in reasonable agreement with the corresponding macroscopic Stokes-Oseen solution. The slip length on the tube is measured and found to be negligible for a range of onset flow speeds. However, for flows along the tube axis, a significant slip is observed indicating that the slip depends on the particular
WORKING PAPER SERIES SIZE AND VALUE IN CHINA Jianan

We construct size and value factors in China. The size factor excludes the smallest 30% of firms, which are companies valued significantly as potential shells in reverse mergers that circumvent tight IPO constraints. The value factor is based on the earnings-price ratio, which subsumes the book-to-market ratio in capturing all Chinese value effects. Our three-factor model strongly dominates a model formed by just replicating the Fama and French (1993) procedure in China. Unlike that model, which leaves a 17% annual alpha on the earnings-price factor, our model explains most reported Chinese anomalies, including profitability and volatility anomalies. Jianan Liu Finance Department The Wharton School University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia, PA 19104-6367 jiananl@wharton.upenn. edu Robert F. Stambaugh Finance Department The Wharton School University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia, PA 19104-6367 and NBER stambaugh@wharton.upenn. edu Yu Yuan Shanghai Advanced Institute of Finance Shanghai Jiao Tong University Datong Plaza, 211 West Huaihai Road, Shanghai P.R. China, 200030 yyuan@saif.sjtu. edu.cn
Running head: ESTIMATING REPLICABILITY 1 How replicable is psychology? A comparison of four methods of estimating replicability on the basis of test statistics in original studies

In the past five years, the replicability of original findings published in psychology journals has been questioned. We show that replicability can be estimated by computing the average power of studies. We then present four methods that can be used to estimate average power for a set of studies that were selected for significance: p-curve, p-uniform, maximum likelihood, and z-curve. We present the results of large-scale simulation studies with both homogeneous and heterogeneous effect sizes. All methods work well with homogeneous effect sizes, but only maximum likelihood and z-curve produce accurate estimates with heterogeneous effect sizes. All methods overestimate replicability using the Open Science Collaborative reproducibility project and we discuss possible reasons for this. Based on the simulation studies, we recommend z-curve as a valid method to estimate replicability. We also validated a conservative bootstrap confidence interval that makes it possible to use z-curve with small sets of studies.
IMPACT OF CLIMATE CHANGE VARIABLES ON CROP PESTS AND MITIGATION STRATEGIES : A REVIEW

Climate change is one of the most important environment problems affecting every country worldwide. Climate change favours conditions for plant pests in new areas as well as changing the way they are transmitted. Climate induced changes in pest activity affect agricultural production and food safety in several ways. Changes in climate variables may favour wider geographical distribution, prolonged overwintering, altered population growth rates, increased number of generations, extension of the development season, changes in crop-pest synchrony, inter-specific interactions and abundance of natural enemies, species extinction, increased risk of invasive pests and altered efficacy of crop protection technologies. Climate warming will also weaken crop health; reduce the host plant resistance, effectiveness of transgenic plants, natural enemies, efficacy of biopesticides and synthetic chemicals in pest management. Therefore, there is a need to generate information on the likely effects of climate change on crop pests to develop suitable technologies that will be effective in future to mitigate the adverse effects of climate change on food security. This paper attempts to enlighten some of the documented views on the impact of climate warming in agriculture vis-à-vis their repercussions on the incidence of crop pests, specifically on the effects of raising temperatures, elevated CO2 levels, precipitation changes and the existing pest management practices in agro-ecosystems.
Peripheral artery disease and oxidative stress in patients in a program for preventing complications of diabetes mellitus and dyslipidemia

Introduction: Peripheral artery disease (PAD) is mainly caused by atherosclerosis but also involves hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia, which trigger oxidative stress and lead to vascular damage. Objectives: To determine the prevalence of PAD in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) and/or prediabetes and/or dyslipidemia, to identify some risk factors and to establish whether urinary levels of 8-isoprostane-f2α (an oxidative stress marker) are elevated in patients with PAD. Design: A cross-sectional, nonprobabilistic, convenience sampling study. Materials and methods: The sample included 146 patients with DM2 and/or prediabetes and/ or dyslipidemias from the Universidad Nacional de Colombia. Risk factors, symptoms related to PAD, ankle-brachial index measurement and biochemical variables (HbA1c%, fasting blood glucose, lipid profile, creatinine and albuminuria) were recorded. Urine levels of 8-isoprostane-f2α were determined by ELISA. The 8-iso-PGF2α/creatine concentration were analyzed using the statistical package R. Risk factors were compared using ANOVA/ Kruskal-Wallis. ROC curves were generated to analyze the discriminant power of the biomarkers. The joint analysis of laboratory results and risk factors was performed using multivariate logistic regressions. Results: PAD was identified in 10 diabetic patients. Risk factors were smoking, dyslipidemia, poor metabolic control, overweight or obesity. There was no evidence of increased urinary 8-isoprostane-f2α in these subjects. Conclusions: A low prevalence of PAD was found in subjects with DM2. There was no evidence of increased 8-isoprostane-f2α measured by ELISA in patients with PAD. The extension of the study with different markers of oxidative stress and the use of other techniques is recommended (Acta Med Colomb 2019; 44. DOI: https://doi.org/ 10.36104/amc.2019.1257).
Content of biological active and anticancerogenic substances in the fat fraction of ewe’s milk and dairy products and their consump- tion in humans

Odjakova, Ts. , Ivanova, S. & Angelov, L. (2020). Content of biological active and anticancerogenic substances in the fat fraction of ewe’s milk and dairy products and their consumption in humans. Bulg. J. Agric. Sci., 26 (2), 480–485 The presented study is addressed to the growing market interest to the ewe’s milk as a natural source of essential components, like conjugated linoleic acids (CLA) ω-3 and ω-6 polyunsaturated fatty and vaccenic acid, described to be effective substances for prevention of different human diseases. The work was focused on the transfer of certain organic components (fatty acids) in the food chain “plants–animal products-men” in the endemic regions of the Rhodope Mountain. The submitted multidisciplinary investigation offers new knowledge in the field of healthy nutrition of sheep raised in mountain regions and the dynamic changes of organic nutrients (saturated and unsaturated fatty acids) in the meadow vegetation during the grazing period. With the detailed mapping of the pasture areas, an evaluation of exactly distribution of unsaturated and saturated fatty acids in the meadow vegetation as important substrate for the following transformation in the animal organism in form of biological active, isomers – conjugated fatty acids (CLA), vaccenic acid, ω-3 and ω-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids can be provided. The detailed study of essential fatty acids, especially its derivatives – conjugated linoleic acids (CLA) and natural trans fatty acids in the ewe’s milk took an important place in the investigation. The dynamic changes in the available precursors in plant species affect the MUFA and PUFA-profiles of ewe’s milk and provide additional information to clarify the mechanism of CLA-synthesis and the content of natural trans fatty acids in raw milk. Settlement the human organism with biologically active and anticancerogenic substances can not be fully achieved by the consumption of milk and dairy products, so it is necessary to use rational nutrition and supplements/food additives/ based on omega-3, omega-6 and CLA.
THE ENHANCEMENT OF DROUGHT TOLERANCE FOR PLANT ONION (ALLIUM CEPA L.) INOCULATED BY ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAL FUNGI

The current study was aimed to examine the effects of two types of Arbuscular mycorrhizal Fungi (F. mosseae, C. etunicatum) on the onion plant under two water conditions (normal irrigation and drought treatment). This study has aspects related to improve tolerance of an onion plant (Allium cepa L.) to water stress situations with taking in consideration regulate physiological Growth Parameters PGP of plant and biochemical [fungal root colonization, dry weight of mycorrhizal roots, Spore density of AM fungi, Relative water content, proline content, total carotenoids, Soluble protein content and Phosphorous application] in the existence or lack of AMF. The results indicate that the drought dealing producing increase of spore density of AM fungi, proline content, total carotenoids and soluble protein content except Fugal root colonization, plant root dry weight, Relative water content and Phosphorous uptake which were increased when associating with normal irrigation. The plants inoculated by each F. mosseae, C. etunicatum was noted a significant differences (P < 0.05) increase in some PGP comparing with uninoculated. The highest values of PGP were recorded when onion plant inoculated by two types of AMF. Normal irrigation was showed less enhancement of plants compared with plants that obtained drought stress. The inoculcation by both types of AMF resulted in increasing in an onion plant uptake and protection against drought stress, while the case of relative water content showed relatively similar values in both conditions comparing with nonAMF onion plant.
DIFFERENT RATES OF LICORICE ROOT (GLYCYRRHIZA GLABRA) IN DIETS AND EFFECT IT IN SOME QUALITY OF CARCASS OF LOCAL GOAT MALES

This study was conducted at the ruminants researches station in station breeding sheep and goat in Abo Ghraib/Agricultural Researches Directorate to investigate the effects of supplementing various levels of licorice root powder to local goat males fattening rations on the quantitative carcass traits. Twenty local goat males (4.0-4.5 months of age) with an average initial weight of 23.87±0.38 kg were used. The goat randomly assigned four equal groups. The first group was given a concentrate diet consists of 90% black barley, 8% soy bean meal and 2% salt and nutritional supplements and was considered as a control diet, other groups were given rations supplemented with 0, 2.5, 5 and 7.5% of licorice root powder in the rations, lamps weights were recorded weekly through the course of the experiments (90 days). All goat were slaughtered after the end of the experimental carcass were weighed before and after chilling. offal, the external and internal organs ,the main and secondary cuts weights and carcass measurements more also recorded. The results obtained can be summarized as follows: 1. The average daily weight gain (gm/day) and total body weight gain (kg/animal) of the for third treatment lambs surpassed significantly (P<0.05) 157±0.41 kg and 14.15±1.13 kg that of other treatments, followed by fourth treatment as compared with other treatments. The same lambs third and fourth treatments showed a highest final body weights compared with lambs of other treatments, being 38.34±0.51 kg and 37.44±0.45 kg for the traits respectively. 2. Hot and chilled carcass weights for third treatment lambs surpassed significantly (P<0.05) other treatments, being 20.07±1.07 and 19.71±1.4 kg, respectively. 3. Significant differences between treatments concerning dressing% live body weight bases and empty body weight bases, that were showed a highest (P<0.05) in third or fourth treatments for concerning dressing % live body weight bases and empty body weight bases being (50.10±0.65, 51.52±0.65%) and (56.83±0.62, 56.79±0.80 %), as compared with other treatments. 4. Rib muscle area of the third treatment lambs was significantly (P<0.05) highest than that of the control treatment lambs (11.44±0.68 cm), however back-fat thickness of the same third treatment (2.97± 0.12mm) was highest significantly (P<0.05)), Which did not differ significantly from the fourth treatment (2.54 ± 0.19), That differences were not significant between the first and second treatment (2.1 ± 0.29 and 2.27 ± 0.22) mm, respectively. 5. The main and secondary cuts carcass between treatments experiment, that were significantly highest (P<0.05) in third treatment (85.16±0.80 %) followed by first treatment (84.11± 0.52%) as compared with other treatments experiment.
THE EARLY GROWTH OF ABELMOSCHUS ESCULENTUS L. (OKRA) USING ARID SANDY SOIL AMENDED WITH POWDERED DATE-PALM

There are major challenges that impede agriculture in various parts of Saudi Arabia, and these include low soil fertility, water scarcity, and a huge amount of date palm waste. One approach to overcoming the first two hurdles is the use of moistureretaining soil amendments, and date palm waste can be used as the required material. These amendments aim at enhancing the poor water-holding capacity of sandy soils, while at the same time, utilizing the gigantic mass of annually produced Karab that becomes landfill, either directly or after cindering. Therefore, this study investigated the potential use of Karab obtained from two widely cultivated date palm cultivars, Khalas and Khunaizi, as a moisture-retaining soil amendment for the early growth of okra, and the results were successful.
EFFECT OF SUPER BOOST PHEROMONE AND NUTRITION ALTERNATIVES ON THE BEE BODY CONTENT AND BEHAVIOR OF POLLEN COLLECTION

An experiment was carried out to investigate the effect of nutrition alternatives and super boost on the average weight of pollen that collected by bee workers in the Faculty of Agriculture, University of Baghdad between 21 of February and the third of May 2017. The study of moisture content, protein, fat and minerals in the body of bees was done at the Central lab/ Faculty of Agriculture. Eighteen parcels were selected from the local strain, colonies were fed weekly and randomly distributed into six treatments (each treatment three colonies) included: T1 Chamomilepies, T2 pollen pies, T3 Chamomile pies with super boost pheromone T4 pollen pies with super boost pheromone, T5 super boost pheromone and T6 control. The results obtained by the present study detected that the average weight of pollen was the highest in T5 with a mean of 14.1g followed by T4, T2 with means of 10.454, 9.172, respectively. For body bee analysis, insignificant differences between treatments in terms of moisture content were noted while for the protein content, the highest value was 28.92 % in T2 compared to the lowest value in the T6 (control) with a mean of 22.48 %. The carbohydrate content and fat in T1 were 5.48, 4.72, respectively.
Spiked Helmet Sign in Electrocardiogram, Sign of Hypomagnesaemia: A Case Study

Magnesium is the second most common intracellular cation and serves as an important metabolic cofactor to over 300 enzymatic reactions throughout the human body. Among its various roles, magnesium modulates calcium entry and release from sarcoplasmic reticulum and regulates ATP pumps in myocytes and neurons, thereby regulating cardiac and neuronal excitability. This paper reports a patient suffering from severe hypomagnesaemia. In whose electrocardiogram, a transient ST elevation, deep T wave inversions in inferior leads (II, III, AVF) and QT prolongation has been observed. The pattern in the electrocardiogram of that patient represents the sign of a Spiked helmet. This sign in electrocardiogram, thus, can be correlated with patients having severe deficiency of Mg and form a first-hand tool for investigating such patients. 1.
A tool for automatic analysis of linguistic clues in dialogue transcripts

Our project is involved in the research project named SLAM, which aims at systematizing the study of pathological dialogues: dialogue with patients of schizophrenia. The main topic of it is the study of dialogic interaction, which includes several levels of linguistic annotation such as dis(cid:13)uence tagging and part of speeching (POS) tagging. The current research object is to develope a tool that integrates several other tools for annotation, to automatically identify pathological linguistic clues in transcriptions. Two stages are involved in the development of the tool. The (cid:12)rst stage is to re-implement the SLAMtk tools in a generic manner. De-veloped with the Python programming language, the tool works on di(cid:11)erent corpora with speci(cid:12)c characteristics. In order to build an XML structure to represent the generic version of di(cid:11)erent corpora, we perform a series of pre-treatments to normalize them. With the XML structure, all the necessary information needed for annotation and data extration are stored, including annotation from Distagger for dis(cid:13)uencies (’euh .’, repetition of words, etc.) and morphosyntactic segmentation (part-of-speech) from Melt. The second stage refers to the analysis of linguistic features and identi(cid:12)cantion of clues. Several treatments are performed to create representations of these interactions and mathematics tests are applied to identify speci(cid:12)c clues.
Studying and Improving Extrapolation and Generalization of Non-Parametric and Optimization-Based Meta-Learners

In case of few-shot learners, the ability of the algorithms to generalize beyond the training tasks and datasets it sees is of utmost importance. However, little is known about individual extrapolation properties of non-parametric few-shot learning algorithms on unknown out-of-distribution tasks. Next to examining the generalization and extrapolation performance of the raw and unmodiﬁed non-parametric few-shot learners we explore and propose bespoke regularization methods that can help reduce initial training task overﬁtting. In this context we examine the corresponding out-of-distribution performances of regularized learners. Finn and Levine [2018] compare the gradient based-optimization learners (MAML) to black-box (recurrent) meta-learners on out-of-distribution tasks. Yet it is still unclear how generalization and extrapolation properties of non-parametric few-shot learners compare to MAML and recurrent learners. Given the competitive performance of proto-nets on, e.g., the Omniglot dataset (see Snell et al. [2017] and Vinyals et al. [2017]), it is important to extend the analysis to non-parametric-type models. Further, recent research shows that 'in-domain' task distributions are typically well captured by state of the art few-shot learning approaches such that the models are robust towards mild in-domain distributional shifts (Finn and Levine [2018]). To assess the cross-domain robustness of meta-learners, Triantaﬁllou et al. [2020] introduce a meta-dataset comprised of several sub-datasets suitable for few-shot learning. The authors show that the performance of meta-learners trained on a subset of datasets and tested on different datasets deteriorates considerably. Hence, few-shot learning models do not generalize well to out-of-domain data and in this respect fall short of the ambition to match humanoid performance. Various approaches were proposed to mitigate the initial overﬁtting in meta-learning. Recent examples of regularization procedures for meta-learning are given in Zintgraf et al. [2019], Lee et al. [2020
High-pressure resistance and equation-of-state anomalies in Zn: a possible Lifshitz transition

Experimental results on electrical resistance variation with pressure up to 25 GPa are presented for zinc; they reveal the signature of an electronic topological transition. Theoretical estimates based on the results of first-principles band structure calculations corroborate the observed variation of the resistance. The Lifshitz transition, which is hardly observable in experimental P-V data, becomes discernible via the equation of state, in the universal as well as in Holzapfel's form. Another anomaly in the measured resistance is also observed around 20 GPa pressure. The resistance variation with pressure exhibits considerable hysteresis.