Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Riqueza e composição florística da comunidade de samambaias na mata ciliar do Rio Cadeia, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil

Este trabalho analisou a riqueza e a composicao da comunidade de samambaias em fragmentos de mata ciliar do rio Cadeia, sob diferentes niveis de antropizacao, em Santa Maria do Herval, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Foram alocadas 120 parcelas distribuidas equitativamente em tres fragmentos (FI, FII e FIII), sendo inventariadas todas as especies e registrada a riqueza por unidade amostral. A composicao floristica entre os fragmentos foi comparada empregando-se o indice de Jaccard e a distribuicao espacial das parcelas foi avaliada por meio de escalonamento multidimensional. Os dados de riqueza foram apresentados utilizando-se curvas de rarefacao baseadas em amostras e estimadores nao parametricos de diversidade. Foram encontradas 40 especies, distribuidas em 13 familias. A maior similaridade floristica ocorreu entre o FI e o FII. As parcelas do FI formaram o agrupamento mais definido e apresentaram o maior numero de especies exclusivas. A curva de rarefacao para a amostra total se aproximou da assintota e os estimadores apontaram no maximo 45 especies, evidenciando que a maioria das especies foi inventariada na mata ciliar. Um gradiente decrescente de riqueza media por parcela foi observado a medida que aumenta a urbanizacao no habitat matriz dos fragmentos. Esses resultados constituem uma base de dados a ser utilizada em manejo, conservacao e reflorestamento de matas ciliares degradadas. Eles podem ser comparados diretamente aos resultados obtidos em outros trabalhos que utilizam rarefacao e estimativas de riqueza, o que nao e possivel com muitos dos inventarios realizados no Brasil.
Nutritional requirement of methionine+cistine digestibles for laying hens during a period of 54 to 70 weeks of age

This research was carried out using 360 laying hens (180 Lohmann LSL and 180 Lohmann Brown), to establish the nutritional requirement of digestible methionine+cystine in the period from 54 to 70 weeks of age. A completely randomized experimental design, in a 5 × 2 factorial arrangement (5 levels of digestible methionine+cystine and 2 laying hen strain), with 6 replications and 6 hens per experimental unit, was used. The treatments consisted of diets supplemented with 5 levels of DL-methionine (98%), resulting in 0.492, 0.544, 0.596, 0.648 and 0.700% of digestible methionine+cystine in diets. The parameters analyzed were: egg production, egg weight, egg mass, feed intake, digestible methionine+cystine intake, feed conversion, egg components (albumen, yolk and shell), internal quality (Haugh unit, albumen index and yolk index), the percentage of eggs does not trade and the body weight gain. The levels of methionine+cystine digestibles studied influenced the egg production, egg weight, egg mass, feed intake, digestible methionine+cystine intake, feed conversion, weight yolk and shell, and the body weight gain. The requirements of digestible methionine+cistine were estimated by polynomial regression models. The digestible methionine+cystine requirement, estimated for the laying hens light-weight was of 0.645% in the ration, corresponding to daily intake per hen of 712 mg and 12.5 g of methionine+cystine digestibles/g egg mass produced. For the laying hens semi-heavy was of 0.655% in the ration, corresponding to daily intake per hen of 723 mg and 13.2 g of methionine+cystine digestibles/g egg mass produced.
Social class differences in food consumption: the explanatory value of permissiveness and health and cost considerations.

Background: Middle-class people generally have healthier diets than lower-class people. Considerations that underlie choices of foodstuffs may explain this class difference in eating habits. Qualitative studies on food beliefs show that lower-class mothers consider health less frequently in their choice of food, while they take the preferences of family members and expenses more often into account than their middle-class counterparts. In this paper quantitative survey data are used to explore the explanatory power of these factors. Methods: Data on 849 women living with a partner and at least one child in three European cities (Maastricht, The Netherlands, Liege, Belgium and Aachen, Germany) were analysed. Results: Regarding food consumption, most but not all class differences were in line with expectations. Class differences in food choice considerations corresponded with the findings of other studies. Middle-class mothers were less permissive and they considered health more often and costs less often than lower-class mothers. However, regression analyses indicated that these considerations scarcely explain class patterns in food consumption. Conclusions: This study shows that social class differences in food consumption are hardly explained by permissiveness, health or cost considerations.
SNPs analyses of the bovine LEP and PIT-1 genes by multiplex PCR-RFLP method and their effect on milk performance traits in Slovak Simmental cattle

The aim of this study was detection of polymorphisms in leptin (LEP) and pituitary specific transcription factor (Pit-1) genes and their evaluation as a genetic markers affected milk performance traits in population of Slovak Simmental cows. The analyzed SNP of LEP gene is located in intron 2 on bovine chromosome 4 and SNP of Pit-1 gene in exon 6 on bovine chromosome 1. The total numbers of blood samples were taken from 288 samples of Slovak Simmental cows. Bovine genomic DNA was isolated by phenol-chloroform extraction method and used in order to estimate LEP/Sau3AI and Pit-1/HinfI genotypes by means of MULTIPLEX PCR-RFLP method with using Sau3AI restriction enzyme for LEP and HinfI restriction enzyme for Pit-1. In the population of Slovak Simmental cattle were detected genotype AA (390 and 32 bp), genotype AB (390, 303, 88 and 32 bp), genotype BB (303, 88 and 32 bp) for LEP gene and genotype AA (260 bp), genotype AB (260, 190 and 70 bp), genotype BB (190 and 70 bp) for Pit-1 gene. The predominant alleles were A with observed frequency 0.8385 and B with 0.7743 for LEP and Pit-1, respectively. In both analyzed polymorphisms were frequent animals with dominant homozygous genotype. Frequency of SNP LEP/Sau3AI AA genotype was 0.7014 and SNP Pit-1/HinfI BB genotype was 0.6007. The statistical analysis show significant effect only between LEP/Sau3AI genotype and milk yield in standard length of lactation (P≤0.05), with A as a desirable allele. In genotype comparison produced AA genotype cows significantly more milk, with difference amounting 457.9 and 293.9 kg and therefore this animals might have potentially positive effect on milk yield. The other results from the statistical association analysis between LEP/Sau3AIand Pit-1/HinfI genotypes and milk production parameters – milk, protein and fat yield (kg) in standard length of lactation were not significant.
The diagnosis difference

This paper explores how US adults with chronic health conditions gather, share, and create health information, both online and offline. The paper finds a “diagnosis difference” that is tied to several aspects of health care and technology use. For example, holding other variables constant (including age, income, education, ethnicity, and overall health status), the fact that someone has a chronic condition is independently associated with being offline. The diagnosis difference cuts another way, too. This study provides evidence that many people with serious health concerns take their health decisions seriously—and are seriously social about gathering and sharing information, both online and offline. Internet users living with one or more conditions are more likely than other online adults to: Gather information online about medical problems, treatments, and drugs. Consult online reviews about drugs and other treatments. Read or watch something online about someone else’s personal health experience.
A study of the pattern of head injury in district Aligarh, U.P. India

Trauma as a general rule carries medicolegal implication. Head injury adds complexity to the problem as it adversely affects the complete evaluation of trauma until some time has elapsed after a particular injury. The often ill-defined clinical manifestation, the impact of claim settlements, and malingering further add to the problem of fair decision.
Produção de massa seca e eficiência nutricional de clones de Eucalyptus dunnii e Eucalyptus benthamii em função da adição de doses de fósforo ao solo

As especies florestais diferem na capacidade de absorcao, translocacao, acumulo e uso dos nutrientes. Estas diferencas ocorrem entre especies, procedencias, progenies, e mesmo entre clones de uma determinada especie e influenciam o crescimento das mesmas. O objetivo deste experimento foi avaliar a producao de massa seca e a eficiencia nutricional em relacao ao fosforo de mudas de clone de Eucalyptus dunnii e de Eucalyptus benthamii cultivadas em vasos. O experimento foi conduzido por tres meses, em casa de vegetacao, num esquema fatorial (2 x 5), compreendendo as duas especies e cinco doses de P (0, 50, 100, 200 e 500 mg dm-3). Foram utilizadas amostras de um Cambissolo Humico coletadas na camada 0-20 cm em reflorestamento de pinus, que apresentava 4,6 mg dm-3 de P. Aos 90 dias apos o plantio, procedeu-se a coleta da biomassa da parte aerea e radicular das plantas, separadamente, para determinacao da massa seca e do teor de P. A partir desses valores, determinou-se a eficiencia de absorcao (EAP), a eficiencia de utilizacao de P (EUP) e a percentagem de recuperacao do P aplicado pela biomassa. Os clones de Eucalyptus dunnii e Eucalyptus benthamii apresentaram aumentos quadraticos na producao de massa seca total e na eficiencia de utilizacao de P com o aumento das doses de P. O Eucalyptus dunnii foi mais eficiente na producao de massa seca total assim como na utilizacao e recuperacao de P em relacao ao Eucalyptus benthamii, em todos os niveis de fornecimento de P.
Manejo do nitrogênio no milho em semeadura direta em sucessão a espécies de cobertura de solo no inverno e em dois locais: I - efeito sobre a absorção de N

The permanence of cultural residues on soil surface modifies the processes of immobilization and mineralization, reducing N availability to maize, especially in succession to grasses. The objective this study was to evaluate, in two locations, the effects of rate and timimg of N application in maize (0-0; 0-160; 30-130 and 60-100kg/ha, respectively, at sowing and sidedressed), in no-till system, established in two sowing dates after desiccation (1 and 20 days) of two winter cover crops (black oat and common vetch) and bare area without weeds, on N uptake. The research was conducted at two locations of the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, in the 1996/97 growing season. In Eldorado do Sul, N application at sowing was beneficial because it increased N uptake in relation to the treatment with total N sidedressed, regradless of the species of winter crop tested. At Passo Fundo, only in the stage of 3-4 leaves there was advantage of N application at sowing in relation to total sidedressed application. In the stages of 6-7 leaves, 10-11 leaves and of tasseling there were no differences among the treatments with N application. The delay of maize sowing date after desiccation in 20 days is a management practice that could be used, specially when maize follows black oat, since it increased, at the average at the N management systems, 54 e 75% N uptake, respectively in Eldorado do Sul and in Passo Fundo. N uptake by maize in succession to black oat was lower at Eldorado do Sul that in Passo Fundo, in all stages of development tested. The increment of N rate from 30 to 60 kg/ha did not increase N uptake by maize plants, regardless of cover crop in the winter.
Adaptation and evaluation of polymerase chain reaction for Brucella ovis detection in semen, urine and organs of rams experimentally infected

O objetivo do estudo foi adaptar e avaliar a PCR para deteccao de Brucella ovis e comparar os resultados com aqueles obtidos por cultivo microbiologico do semen, urina e dos orgaos de carneiros infectados experimentalmente. Dos 31 animais infectados experimentalmente, amostras de PCR do semen apresentaram maior sensibilidade (21,6%) do que o cultivo (8,0%). Em amostras de urina, a sensibilidade das tecnicas foi semelhante (10,1% para a cultivo e 12,7% para PCR). PCR detectou a presenca do agente em 21,5% das amostras testadas, enquanto os orgaos de cultivo detectaram em apenas 3,3% das amostras. PCR detectou um maior numero de amostras positivas do que o cultivo microbiologico.
Soroprevalência de anticorpos anti-Ehrlichia canis em cães de Cuiabá, Mato Grosso

Canine ehrlichiosis is a disease transmitted by ticks Rhipicephalus sanguineus and caused by Ehrlichia canis, obligatory intracellular bacteria. The present study examined the prevalence of anti-E. canis in 254 dogs from four administrative regions of Cuiaba, Mato Grosso, by indirect immunofluorescence assay. There was a prevalence of 42.5% (108/254) without significant difference between the studied regions. The variables age, breed, sex, habitat, access to rural and ticks were analyzed. The antibody titers ranged from 1:40 to 1:2,560. Only 32 (29.63%) seropositive dogs were infested with ticks, all R. sanguineus. The results confirm that do not have breed, sex or age predisposition to ehrlichiosis due E. canis, while the lowest occurrence of reactive dogs indoors probably related to low tick infestation, although no significant difference between dogs with or without infestation with the tick vector.
CIVIC ENGAGEMENT ISSUES IN AGRICULTURAL ECONOMIES

The relationship between farm structure and community well-being has been frequently researched. Conclusions were drawn that rural communities had better socioeconomic conditions when small to medium family farms were prevalent. Other research reported civic engagement had greater impact on rural well-being than farm structure and farm structure was correlated with civic engagement. The research objective of this study was to determine the relationship between civic engagement and farm structure. The study population consisted of farming dependent counties in the Corn Belt Region of the United States. These counties had an average population loss of 2% between 1990 and 2000, an average population density of 6 people per square kilometre, and an average farm size of 233 hectare. Six variables representing farm structure and four demographic variables were included in the regression model as independent variables. A hierarchal regression model was used to determine the relationship between civic engagement and farm structure. Voting participation and church membership were proxies for civic engagement and used as the dependent variable in two separate models. For both voting participation and church membership, the hypothesis of no relationship between farm structure and civic engagement was rejected. The model containing the dependent variable voting participation had three variables relatively important with an adjusted R of . 31. The important variables were home ownership, part-time farmers, and off-farm residence. The complete model containing the dependent variable church membership had an adjusted R of . 58 and contained six relatively important variables. These variables were small businesses per capita, home ownership, part-time farmers, off-farm residence, not sole proprietors, and hired farm workers. Community leaders need to understand the dynamics of the changing farm structure at work in their communities and find solutions aimed at increasing civic engagement levels. University educators, elected officials and community can affect civic engagement by encouraging the development and retention of small sustainable agricultural and non-agricultural businesses and developing programs that promote home ownership in rural communities.
Using Bayesian Networks to Visually Compare the Countries: an Example from PISA

Bayesian networks provide a graphical representation of a probability distribution where separation in the graph represents conditional independence of the corresponding variables. Finding a minimal Bayesian network, which expresses the conditional independence relationships among a set of variables, allows an analyst to visualize the relationship among the variables. This study applies a Bayesian network learning algorithm to data from the Program for International Student Assessment (PISA) 2012 mathematics literacy data. Particularly, the relationship among the self-concept, self-efficacy, math interest, and math achievement are examined for both the United States and Turkey. Comparing the Bayesian networks illustrates the different relationships between selfefficacy and math achievement for the students from the two countries.
Sequential use of holes by birds breeding in a natural boreal forest in Mongolia

Capsule Wood Nuthatch Sitta europaea and Coal Tit Periparus ater had a high tendency to reuse nest-sites, and holes in living trees were more frequently reused than holes in dead trees. Aims Patterns of sequential nest-hole use are important in understanding the inter- and intraspecific relationships of hole-nesting birds. We studied the hole reuse at both guild and species level, and examined the characteristics of reused holes. Methods The fieldwork was carried out in a strictly protected area in Mongolia. Occupied nest-holes were searched for all hole-nesting species in two subsequent years. The characteristics of nest-holes and nest trees were recorded. Results Of 105 holes occupied in 2002, 40 (38%) were reused in the following year. The reuse rate for holes previously used by non-excavators was 48%, and subsequent occupation was almost exclusively by the same species. Reuse rates for previous woodpecker and Willow Tit Poecile montanus holes were 31% and 16%, respectively, and the subsequent users were more frequently a different species. Nuthatches and Coal Tits had the highest propensity to reuse holes. Holes located in living parts of trees were reused more often than those in dead wood. Conclusion The tendency to reuse holes could be influenced by the ability to excavate, the ability to compete for nest-sites, and the quality and abundance of preferred hole type of each bird species. The high reuse rate of certain holes would indicate good qualities and/or more limited availability of such holes. The more stable microclimate and greater protection from predation might account for the frequent reuse of holes in living wood.
The Central Nervous System Involvement in Fabry Disease

Fabry disease (FD) is an X-linked, lysosomal storage disorder caused by a mutation in the alpha galactosidase (GLA) gene leading to a deficiency in a-galactosidase A enzyme (a-Gal A) activity, which in turn results in accumulation of glycosphingolipids in different cells. The 2 major clinical phenotypes are the classic severe phenotype and the milder, later onset phenotype. In severe affected males with little or no a-Gal A activity, the onset of acroparesthesias, hypohidrosis, angiokeratomas, and corneal dystrophy is typically observed in childhood or adolescence. With advancing age, progressive multisystem microvasculopathic disease culminates in renal failure, cardiomyopathy, and/or cerebrovascular disease. Patients with later onset have residual enzyme activity and lack of vascular endothelial glycolipid accumulations; thus, they do not present with the early manifestations of the classic phenotype and typically present cardiac or renal disease in the fourth to seventh decade. Although the pathogenesis of cerebral vasculopathy in FD is poorly understood, it can be hypothesized that white matter changes may reflect the pathophysiology of the disease.
High Diversity of Microcystin Chemotypes within a Summer Bloom of the Cyanobacterium Microcystis botrys

The fresh-water cyanobacterium Microcystis is known to form blooms world-wide, and is often responsible for the production of microcystins found in lake water. Microcystins are non-ribosomal peptides with toxic effects, e.g. on vertebrates, but their function remains largely unresolved. Moreover, not all strains produce microcystins, and many different microcystin variants have been described. Here we explored the diversity of microcystin variants within Microcystis botrys, a common bloom-former in Sweden. We isolated a total of 130 strains through the duration of a bloom in eutrophic Lake Vomb, and analyzed their microcystin profiles with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). We found that microcystin producing (28.5%) and non-producing (71.5%) M. botrys strains, co-existed throughout the bloom. However, microcystin producing strains were more prevalent towards the end of the sampling period. Overall, 26 unique M. botrys chemotypes were identified, and while some chemotypes re-occurred, others were found only once. The M. botrys chemotypes showed considerable variation both in terms of number of microcystin variants, as well as in what combinations the variants occurred. To our knowledge, this is the first report on microcystin chemotype variation and dynamics in M. botrys. In addition, our study verifies the co-existence of microcystin and non-microcystin producing strains, and we propose that environmental conditions may be implicated in determining their composition.
The Effect of Mindfulness Meditation on Affect and Attention

In daily life there are numerous experiences and events that divert people's attention and cause stress, which may be linked with aspects of ill-being and lowered well-being. Mindfulness meditation may alleviate such issues. Mindfulness can be summarized as a form of awareness and attention in the present that is characterized by an open-minded and non-judgemental perspective, and meditation as a group of practices that engage many of the same processes and may involve mindfulness. There is evidence that both mindfulness and mindfulness meditation are associated with activity in brain regions relating to, for example, attention, emotion-regulation, and bodily awareness. Consequently, mindfulness meditation was hypothesized in the present study to improve attention as measured by the Attention Network Test, and decrease negative affect as measured by the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule when compared to a control condition. The mindfulness meditation instructions employed were largely based on the work of Kabat-Zinn (1982). 14 participants were recruited to the study, and 7 of them completed the experiment. 3 participants were randomized to the experimental group, and 4 to the control group. Results were largely contrary to the hypotheses, with only executive attention having statistical significance (p < .05) and supporting one hypothesis. Although effect sizes were on average large for the variables of the study, the small sample size may have limited the power and increased the risk for type-II errors.
Applied to Livestock Production Genetic parameter estimates for reproductive , growth and longevity traits in Alentejano pigs raised extensively

Records on about 15000 sows, collected between 2003 and 2011 in the framework of the breeding program of the Alentejana breed of pigs were analyzed, to obtain baseline information on the major reproductive, longevity and growth traits and estimate genetic parameters by univariate mixed model procedures. The observed performances were modest for most traits, even though the variability among animals was large. Heritability estimates were in the order of 0.01 for number of piglets born alive per litter and for farrowing interval, 0.11 for litter weaning weight, 0.16 for total number of farrowings through life, and between 0.36 and 0.46 for age at first farrowing, age at last farrowing and average daily gain from birth to slaughter. Managing the genetic diversity of Alentejano pigs with the goal of reducing inbreeding could be helpful to enhance selection response.