Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Health Burden and Driving Force Changes Due to Exposure to PM2.5 and O3 from 2014 to 2060 in a Typical Industrial Province, China

While air quality in China has improved significantly in recent years, the population is becoming increasingly vulnerable to air pollution due to the aging population. In this study, we assessed premature deaths attributable to long- and short-term exposures to PM2.5 and O3, as well as their driving forces in Shandong from 2014 to 2060 based on county-level near-real-time air pollutant concentration datasets and projected concentrations of PM2.5 and O3. We found that the concentrations of PM2.5 and O3 in most districts and counties from Shandong are still higher than the corresponding concentration limit of Grade II. Premature mortality caused by long- and short-term exposures to PM2.5 decreased by 13,045 and 8092 in 2020 compared with those in 2014, respectively. Furthermore, premature mortality attributable to short-term exposure to O3 was 36.08% higher than that due to short-term exposure to PM2.5 in 2020. The results of the driving force analysis indicate that the health benefits brought about by the improvement in air quality have been offset by the changes in population age structure. In the future, the increase in O3 concentration and population aging are the top two driving forces having adverse effects on the health burden. This study provides support for controlling the health risks of PM2.5 and O3 pollution, especially for the development of dual-pollutant concentration targets and synergistic control strategies.
Monitoring Seasonal Growth of Eucalyptus Plantation under Different Forest Age and Slopes Based on Multi-Temporal UAV Stereo Images

Eucalyptus grows rapidly and can grow up to 10 m per year, making them an important source of wood supply. Guangxi is a typical karst terrain, with hills and plains being the main growth areas for Eucalyptus. The differences in terrain can affect the seasonal growth of Eucalyptus plantations at different forest ages, which in turn affects the stocking of Eucalyptus. Currently, indiscriminate logging and management not only cause resource waste but also bring economic losses to operators. In this study, an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) was used to obtain multi-temporal stereo images to investigate the seasonal growth differences in structural parameters of individual Eucalyptus trees under different forest ages and slopes, providing data support for the precise management of Eucalyptus resources. The results showed that the tree height, crown width, diameter at breast height (DBH), and aboveground biomass (AGB) of individual trees, extracted based on UAV stereo images, are highly correlated with the field measured data, with an R2 of 0.99, 0.78, 0.75, and 0.92, and RMSE of 0.21 m, 0.16 m, 1.17 cm, and 3.79 kg/tree, respectively. The growth of Eucalyptus structural parameters varies in different seasons, with faster growth in spring and autumn, accounting for 76.39%, 73.75%, 73.65%, and 73.68% of the total annual growth, respectively. The growth of different structural parameters of individual trees is closely related to forest age, with tree height, crown width, and DBH gradually slowing down with the increase in forest age, while AGB shows a trend of first increasing and then decreasing. The differences in terrain also have a certain impact on the growth of individual Eucalyptus tree structural parameters. For individual 1-year-old and 3-year-old Eucalyptus trees, those located on gentle slopes grow faster in spring and autumn than those located on flat land. However, those located on flat land grow faster in summer and winter than those located on gentle slopes. For tree height, crown width, DBH, and AGB, the maximum annual growth differences between Eucalyptus trees on gentle slopes and flat are 3.17 m, 0.26 m, 1.9 cm, and 9.27 kg/tree, respectively. The results indicate that based on UAV stereo images, the individual tree structural parameters in Eucalyptus plantations under different forest ages and slopes can be extracted, as well as seasonal growth can be monitored, providing data support for logging, planting, and management of Eucalyptus plantations.
Petrology and geochemistry of basalts from the southern Juan de Fuca Ridge: Controls on the spatial and temporal evolution of mid‐ocean ridge basalt

Three morphologically distinct regions within the neovolcanic zone of the Cleft segment of the southern Juan de Fuca Ridge were investigated and sampled in detail using the DSRV Alvin. Additional along-strike and off-axis samples were recovered by dredge. The southernmost region, the Southern Cleft site, is characterized by a 3-km-wide axial valley floored by ponded sheet flows and bisected by a 30- to 50-m-wide cleft. Farther north at the “Young Sheet Flow” site, the ridge axis is characterized by a distinct 500-m-wide inner graben that is largely covered by distinctly younger looking sheet flows. The northernmost of the three regions is defined by a linear series of discontinuous constructional pillow mounds that extend the trend of the Cleft segment well into the zone of overlap with the neighboring Vance segment. The pillowed lavas at the “Young Pillow Mound” site represent the most recent episode of volcanism along the Cleft segment. Strong correlations exist between degrees of fractionation, relative ages of lavas, and latitude; lavas are progressively younger looking and more mafic to the north. The compositional range of mid-ocean ridge basalts from the neovolcanic zone can generally be accounted for by 35–40% low-pressure fractional crystallization of relatively primitive, but not primary, depleted (N-type) melts. Scatter of the geochemical data about calculated liquid lines of descent is probably the result of mixing of magmas with slightly different parental compositions, generated from small-scale mantle heterogeneities. Furthermore, the chemical variability may be the result of mixing of very depleted and more enriched sources or melts that are present beneath the southern Juan de Fuca Ridge. The more primitive nature of the young pillow mound basalts and their slightly different chemical characteristics indicates they cannot be simply related to the older southernmost lavas by along-axis flow in a continuous axial magma chamber or conduit. Rather, the data suggest lavas were derived from discrete magma chambers or lenses, each in a different stage of evolution. The youngest events may be associated with a new influx of magma into the northern part of the segment and subsequent northward diking and propagation to form the new pillow mounds. The oldest stage (∼40% additional crystallization of the most mafic composition) is associated with focused hydrothermal activity and tectonic extension, whereas the youngest events are characterized by ridge inflation, diking, and dispersed hydrothermal activity. Geochemical and tectonomagmatic features observed along the Cleft segment are similar to those recently documented along the East Pacific Rise from 9°30′N–10°N suggesting the scales, processes, and stages of magmagenesis are similar along medium to fast spreading ridge segments.
Population Structure and Fecundity in the Putative Sterile Shrub, Grevillea Rhizomatosa Olde and Marriott (Proteaceae)

Grevillea rhizomatosa Olde and Marriott (Proteaceae) is a threatened species of shrub known only from 12 populations within a 7 x 8 km area within Gibraltar Range and Washpool National Parks, northern New South Wales, Australia. Prior to this study it was believed that the species only reproduced from rhizomatous suckers as seed and fruit were never detected in the wild. A concern for the reproductive and evolutionary potential of the species in the event of a catastrophic disturbance was the basis for an investigation into the reproductive ecology of G. rhizomatosa. Such an event occurred in October 2002 with an intense wildfire affecting most of the populations. Five populations were studied in detail for demography and fecundity prior to this fire and two populations were resurveyed in August 2005. In 2000, 916 individual stems were recorded across these populations and only small to large shrubs were found; no seedlings were recorded. Post-fire response was documented in two populations where plants were found to be resprouting and suckering from underground stems. In the pre-fire surveys of 2000 and 2001 flowering occurred in all populations, but since the fire of October 2002 flowering has only occurred in unburnt habitats. Flowers on shrubs in two of the five populations failed to produce fruit, but low fruit-set (7-13% of flowers) occurred in three populations. Seeds collected from two populations (n = 14) were tested for viability using tetrazolium chloride and were 100% viable. Ramets were detected in all populations and resprouting from underground stems was observed after wildfire. This is the first record of viable seed in this species and fertile populations require specific management to prevent loss of fertile plants. This could occur if repeated burning selects for vegetative reproduction and sterile plants.
TIM-3/Gal-9 interaction affects glucose and lipid metabolism in acute myeloid leukemia cell lines

Introduction T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain-3 (TIM-3) is a transmembrane molecule first identified as an immunoregulator. This molecule is also expressed on leukemic cells in acute myeloid leukemia and master cell survival and proliferation. In this study, we aimed to explore the effect of TIM-3 interaction with its ligand galectin-9 (Gal-9) on glucose and lipid metabolism in AML cell lines. Methods HL-60 and THP-1 cell lines, representing M3 and M5 AML subtypes, respectively, were cultured under appropriate conditions. The expression of TIM-3 on the cell surface was ascertained by flow cytometric assay. We used real-time PCR to examine the mRNA expression of GLUT-1, HK-2, PFKFB-3, G6PD, ACC-1, ATGL, and CPT-1A; colorimetric assays to measure the concentration of glucose, lactate, GSH, and the enzymatic activity of G6PD; MTT assay to determine cellular proliferation; and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) to designate FFAs. Results We observed the significant upregulated expression of GLUT-1, HK-2, PFKFB-3, ACC-1, CPT-1A, and G6PD and the enzymatic activity of G6PD in a time-dependent manner in the presence of Gal-9 compared to the PMA and control groups in both HL-60 and THP-1 cell lines (p > 0.05). Moreover, the elevation of extracellular free fatty acids, glucose consumption, lactate release, the concentration of cellular glutathione (GSH) and cell proliferation were significantly higher in the presence of Gal-9 compared to the PMA and control groups in both cell lines (p < 0.05). Conclusion TIM-3/Gal-9 ligation on AML cell lines results in aerobic glycolysis and altered lipid metabolism and also protects cells from oxidative stress, all in favor of leukemic cell survival and proliferation.
Low Phase Noise and Low Power Consumption Magnetic Cross-Coupled Push-Push VCO in SiGe BiCMOS Technology

Low phase noise VCO circuits with 80 GHz outputs are investigated and implemented in a SiGe BiCMOS technology. The newly developed magnetic cross-coupled VCO has achieved a VCO tuning range from 76.7 GHz to 85.3 GHz and the best phase noise of −104 dBc/Hz at 1 MHz offset frequency which is a record value for a single core VCO at the frequency range of 80 GHz, according to the best knowledge of the authors. This VCO chip consumes a DC current of 79 mA which includes the VCO core current consumption of approximately 19 mA at a supply voltage of 3.3 V with a complete chip area of 2.1 sq. mm while the VCO core area is 0.27 sq. mm. A capacitive cross-coupled VCO has also been designed for comparison. It has achieved a tuning range from 78 GHz to 85.4 GHz and the best phase noise of −102.1 dBc/Hz at 1 MHz offset frequency. This VCO chip consumes a DC current of 100 mA from a 3.3 V supply which includes the VCO core current consumption of approximately 37 mA.
Biological treatment of industrial waste gas

Biological treatment of industrial waste gas is an economical and efficient approach.Two of the most common biological treatment systems are biofilters and biotrickling filters.Biological treatment is practical for treating a wide range of VOCs and many inorganic vapors in the industrial waste gas.The characteristics,principles and application of biofilters and biotrickling filters in industrial waste gas treatment system are introduced.
Oxygen supply in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and its ecological impacts : an investigation of poor triploid performance

ii PREFACE . iii TABLE OF CONTENTS . iv LIST OF TABLES . vii LIST OF FIGURES . viii LIST OF SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS . ix ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS . xi DEDICATION . xii CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION . 1 TRIPLOID FISH . 2 3N Production . 2 3N Sterility & Gonad Development . 3 3N Performance . 4 3N Gene Expression . 5 3N Cell Volume . 5 Potential Impedance to Corporeal O2 Supply in 3N Fish (the O2 Cascade) . 7 3N Aerobic Capacity . 10 3N Hypoxia and Temperature Tolerance . 12 INFLUENCE OF SWIMMING AND AEROBIC CAPACITY ON SURVIVAL IN THE WILD . 14 EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH . 16 CHAPTER 2 IMPAIRED TEMPERATURE TOLERANCE OF TRIPLOID RAINBOW TROUT (ONCORHYNCHUS MYKISS) DUE TO EARLY CARDIAC COLLAPSE. 21 SUMMARY . 21 INTRODUCTION . 21 METHODS . 23 Rearing . 23 Maximum Heart Rate Measurements During Acute Warming . 24 Calculations . 25 Statistical Analyses . 26 RESULTS . 26 DISCUSSION . 27 CHAPTER 3 ENDURANCE SWIMMING IS RELATED TO SUMMER LAKE SURVIVAL OF RAINBOW TROUT IN WARM HIGH PREDATION LAKES: A COMPARISON OF DIPLOID AND TRIPLOID SWIMMING ENDURANCE AND SURVIVAL IN THE WILD. 34 SUMMARY . 34 INTRODUCTION . 36 METHODS . 38 Hatchery Rearing . 38 Endurance Swimming Screening . 39 Lake Stocking . 40 Telemetry . 41 Transmitter Data Analysis . 42 Fall Depletion Netting . 44 Statistical Analyses . 44
Susceptibility of Ocular Surface Bacteria to Various Antibiotic Agents in a Romanian Ophthalmology Clinic

Periodic assessment of bacterial contamination is necessary as it allows proper guidance in cases of eye infections through the use of appropriate antibiotics. Due to the extensive use of antibiotic treatment, many strains of the microbiota that cause infections are resistant to the usual ophthalmic antibiotics. The present study provides an updated assessment of the susceptibility of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria found on the ocular surface to the most commonly used antibiotic agents in patients undergoing cataract surgery. A total of 993 patients were included in the study with ages between 44 and 98 years old. Conjunctival cultures were collected 7 days before cataract surgery. The response of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria to various antibiotic classes, such as glycopeptides, cephalosporins, carbapenems, fluoroquinolones, aminoglycosides, phenicols, tetracyclines, rifamycins, macrolides and penicillins, was assessed. From the tested antibiotics, vancomycin had 97.8% efficacy on Gram-positive bacteria. In the cephalosporin category, we observed a high level of resistance of the cefuroxime for both Gram-positive and negative bacteria. Antibiotics that have more than 90% efficacy on Gram-positive bacteria are meropenem, imipenem, netilmicin, amikacin and rifampicin. On Gram-negative bacteria, we found 100% efficacy of all tested fluoroquinolones, i.e., aminoglycosides (except for tobramycin), doxycycline, azithromycin, clarithromycin and chloramphenicol. The current study illustrates patterns of increased resistance in certain bacteria present on the ocular surface to some of the commonly used antibiotics in ophthalmological clinical practice. One such revealing example is cefuroxime, which has been highly used as an intracameral antibiotic for the prevention of bacterial endophthalmitis after cataract surgery.
Bandwidth and power enhancement in the MEMS-based piezoelectric energy harvester using magnetic tip mass

In this paper, the performance and frequency bandwidth of the piezoelectric energy harvester (PZEH) is improved by introducing two permanent magnets attached to the proof mass of a dual beam structure. Both magnets are in the vicinity of each other and attached in such a way to proof mass of a dual beam so that they create a magnetic ﬁeld around each other. The generated magnetic ﬁeld develops a repulsive force between the magnets, which improves electrical output and enhances the bandwidth of the harvester. The simple rectangular cantilever structure with and without magnetic tip mass has a frequency bandwidth of 4 Hz and 4.5 Hz, respectively. The proposed structure generates a peak voltage of 20 V at a frequency of 114.51 Hz at an excitation acceleration of 1g (g = 9 . 8 m/s 2 ). The peak output power of a proposed structure is 25 . 5 µ W. The operational frequency range of a proposed dual beam cantilever with a magnetic tip mass of 30 mT is from 102.51 Hz to 120.51 Hz, i.e., 18 Hz. The operational frequency range of a dual beam cantilever without magnetic tip mass is from 104.18 Hz to 118.18 Hz, i.e., 14 Hz. There is an improvement of 22.22% in the frequency bandwidth of the proposed dual beam cantilever with a magnetic tip mass of 30 mT than the dual beam without magnetic tip mass.
Recent Progress in Enhanced Cancer Diagnosis, Prognosis, and Monitoring Using a Combined Analysis of the Number of Circulating Tumor Cells (CTCs) and Other Clinical Parameters

Simple Summary Counting the number of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in blood samples has been recognized as being clinically useful. However, challenges like the rarity and heterogeneity of CTCs have limited their widespread use in clinical practice. To address these challenges, a feasible direction is to combine the CTC counts with the routinely used clinical data relevant to cancer detection or screening for analysis. Recent studies demonstrate that this innovative approach has successfully improved cancer detection, prognosis, assessment, and the ability to differentiate between cancers at various stages and with different characteristics. The combination of CTC counts with clinical parameters represents a promising avenue for enhancing the clinical applicability of CTC analysis in cancer management. Abstract Analysis of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) holds promise to diagnose cancer or monitor its development. Among the methods, counting CTC numbers in blood samples could be the simplest way to implement it. Nevertheless, its clinical utility has not yet been fully accepted. The reasons could be due to the rarity and heterogeneity of CTCs in blood samples that could lead to misleading results from assays only based on single CTC counts. To address this issue, a feasible direction is to combine the CTC counts with other clinical data for analysis. Recent studies have demonstrated the use of this new strategy for early detection and prognosis evaluation of cancers, or even for the distinguishment of cancers with different stages. Overall, this approach could pave a new path to improve the technical problems in the clinical applications of CTC counting techniques. In this review, the information relevant to CTCs, including their characteristics, clinical use of CTC counting, and technologies for CTC enrichment, were first introduced. This was followed by discussing the challenges and new perspectives of CTC counting techniques for clinical applications. Finally, the advantages and the recent progress in combining CTC counts with other clinical parameters for clinical applications have been discussed.
Fingering flow in homogeneous sandy soils under continuous rainfall infiltration

ABSTRACT In order to establish a physical model leading to stable (uniform) and unstable (non-uniform fingering) flows in unsaturated soils, two-dimensional tests on continuous rainfall infiltration were carried out by changing not only the initial water content (air dry, 0.5%, 1.0%) but also the rainfall intensity (15, 30, 180 mm/h). The physical mechanism of fingering flow was discussed on the basis of precise suction measurements inside and outside the fingers. The results show that wetting fronts developed in unsaturated sandy soils can be classified into three types; 1) fingering flow, 2) wavy front, and 3) plane front. Two types of fingering flow can be further distinguished by the difference of the swelling velocity; i.e., low-swell finger and high-swell finger flows. In each of the low-swell and high-swell fingers, a core and a swelling zone are developed while a finger is growing. Based on suction measurements inside them, it is found that the water condition in the finger core changes from wetting to drying processes while the water condition in the swelling zone remains in the wetting process. This hysteretic behavior in the core can be explained by the moisture distribution changing along a finger from tip to tail. Fingers swell when water moves from a finger core to surrounding dry sand. Such a swelling process is mainly controlled by the hydraulic conductivity for the wetting process at a finger tail.
Characteristics of Self‐Formed Straight Channels

Laboratory experiments were conducted to study various aspects of the mechanics of self‐formed, stable, straight alluvial channels in the presence of bed‐load transport. The assumptions used for the formulation of the turbulent diffusion model of Parker (1978) were examined first. Velocity measurements indicated that the logarithmic law for rough walls is a valid approximation to the velocity profile, along normals to the boundary for the whole channel depth. The equivalent sand‐grain roughness, ks, is about 2d90. The experiments show that the turbulent‐diffusion model is more realistic for flow in a straight channel than the threshold‐channel model. Regime relations based on the straight‐channel model, and a resistance equation, predict accurately the center depth and the top width of a self‐formed straight channel. The shape of the bank is found to follow closely an empirically fitted exponential function that requires knowledge of only the center‐channel depth. Data obtained from other studies support .
Dysfunctional suction dynamics in newborns with ankyloglossia

ABSTRACT Purpose Compare infant suction in babies with and without ankyloglossia using a microprocessor-controlled pressure sensor coupled to a pacifier. Methods Fifty-five infants from 0 to 2 months of age underwent clinical examination for ankyloglossia, after which they were offered a silicone pacifier connected to the pressure acquisition device and suction activity was recorded. Thus, we extracted the frequency of sucks within a burst, the average suck duration, the burst duration, the number of sucks per burst, the maximum amplitude of sucks per burst and the inter-burst interval. Results The key difference in newborns with ankyloglossia in relation to control was that they perform longer bursts of suction activity. Conclusion The longer burst durations are likely a compensatory strategy and may underlie the pain reported by mothers during breastfeeding. We therefore propose a method for objectively quantifying some parameters of infant suction capacity and demonstrate its use in assisting the evaluation of ankyloglossia.