Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Dietary-Induced Bacterial Metabolites Reduce Inflammation and Inflammation-Associated Cancer via Vitamin D Pathway

Environmental factors, including westernised diets and alterations to the gut microbiota, are considered risk factors for inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). The mechanisms underpinning diet-microbiota-host interactions are poorly understood in IBD. We present evidence that feeding a lard-based high-fat (HF) diet can protect mice from developing DSS-induced acute and chronic colitis and colitis-associated cancer (CAC) by significantly reducing tumour burden/incidence, immune cell infiltration, cytokine profile, and cell proliferation. We show that HF protection was associated with increased gut microbial diversity and a significant reduction in Proteobacteria and an increase in Firmicutes and Clostridium cluster XIVa abundance. Microbial functionality was modulated in terms of signalling fatty acids and bile acids (BA). Faecal secondary BAs were significantly induced to include moieties that can activate the vitamin D receptor (VDR), a nuclear receptor richly represented in the intestine and colon. Indeed, colonic VDR downstream target genes were upregulated in HF-fed mice and in combinatorial lipid-BAs-treated intestinal HT29 epithelial cells. Collectively, our data indicate that HF diet protects against colitis and CAC risk through gut microbiota and BA metabolites modulating vitamin D targeting pathways. Our data highlights the complex relationship between dietary fat-induced alterations of microbiota-host interactions in IBD/CAC pathophysiology.
What effect does the introduction of graphics calculators have on the performance of boys and girls in assessment in tertiary entrance calculus?

The paper reports an investigation of gender-related effects in the Western Australian Calculus Tertiary Entrance Examinations for the period 1995–2000, three years before and three years after graphics calculators were introduced. Consideration is given to students' total examination scores, scores on questions grouped by curriculum component and students' actual use of graphics calculators on two questions from the year 2000 examination. Results show that over the six-year period the performance of girls—on the examination as a whole and in most curriculum components—was superior to that of boys at the lower end of the achievement scale, while boys recorded the best performance at the top end of the scale. The results are partially explained by the participation rate in calculus for girls being lower than that for boys. Where superior performance is recorded for girls it is frequently attributable to competence with analytic methods. Superior performance favouring boys typically occurred on questions where diagram played a role in the solution.
Solution-Processed ZnO-Based Low-Cost CH3NH3PbI3 Solar Cells by Ambient Air, Hole Transport Layer-Free Synthesis

Organo-metallic lead halide-based solar cells have emerged as the main contenders for meeting the alternate energy needs of present times. Major costs associated with this technology are the requirement of controlled processing conditions and high cost of hole transport materials. Cost of this technology can be reduced by developing low-cost ambient air synthesis protocol for hole transport layer-free device architecture. We report here on methyl ammonium lead iodide-based solar cell employing zinc oxide as electron transport layer prepared under ambient conditions of high humidity of 50% without hole transport layer. Stabilized power conversion efficiency of 3.03% is achieved. This approach affords the possibility of simplified device geometry and cost effectiveness paving way for rapid commercialization.
Dynamic response and modeling of a carbon fiber— epoxy composite subject to shock loading

Unidirectional carbon fiber reinforced epoxy composite samples were tested to determine their response to one dimensional shock loading with the ultimate goal of developing a micromechanics based numerical model of the dynamic response. The material tested had high fiber content (62–68% by volume) and low porosity. Wave speeds for shocks traveling along the carbon fibers are significantly higher than for those traveling transverse to the fibers or through the bulk epoxy. As a result, the dynamic material response is dependent on the relative shock—fiber orientation; a complication that must be captured in the numerical models. Shocks traveling transverse to the fibers show an inelastic response consistent with the material constituent parts. Shocks traveling along the fiber direction travel faster and exhibit both elastic and plastic characteristics over the stress range tested; up to 15 GPa. Results presented detail the anisotropic material response, which is governed by different mechanisms along each o.
Evaluation of pressure field and fluid forces on a circular cylinder with and without rotational oscillation using velocity data from PIV measurement

An experimental method for evaluating pressure field and fluid forces on a bluff body structure is studied using instantaneous velocity data measured by particle image velocimetry (PIV). This method solves a pressure Poisson equation numerically with the experimental velocity data by PIV. The measurement of the velocity field around a circular cylinder is carried out using two CCD cameras placed side by side, which allows simultaneous measurement of velocity near and far field around the circular cylinder. The pressure and fluid forces on the stationary cylinder evaluated by this method agree closely with those in the literature, suggesting the validity of this technique. The present technique is also applied to a circular cylinder with rotational oscillation at Reynolds number 2000. It is found that the drag force on a circular cylinder is magnified at low-frequency oscillation and reduced at high-frequency oscillation. The drag coefficient at high-frequency oscillation is reduced by 30% with respect to the stationary cylinder, while the fluctuating lift is slightly increased due to the generation of synchronized vortex shedding at high-frequency oscillation.
A Dynamic Opportunistic Routing Protocol for Asynchronous Duty-Cycled WSNs

Opportunistic routing (OR) is widely adopted in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) running asynchronous duty-cycled MAC protocols. In conventional routing, where packets are forwarded along predetermined routes, the sender may wait for the receiver to wake up for a long time. To reduce the sender waiting time, the OR protocols allow nodes to select multiple neighbors as the forwarders so that the packets could be forwarded by multi-path. Thus, the forwarders selection algorithm affects network performance seriously. However, an excessive number of forwarders increases the probability that more than one forwarders wake up simultaneously. This will consume more energy since each of them will receive the packet. To address the two issues, a Dynamic Opportunistic Routing protocol using Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Fuzzy Inference System (FIS) called DORAF is proposed in this paper. DORAF is implemented in three steps. First, multiple criteria (i.e., residual energy, distance, and angle) at the network layer are defined to evaluate the nodes where the importance of these criteria is determined by AHP. Second, the pairwise comparison matrices in AHP are generated by using mathematical functions (i.e., Boltzmann function and Logistic function) and FIS. Third, each node uses AHP and FIS to prioritize its neighbors based on the criteria and selects appropriate ones as the forwarders dynamically in a distributed manner. The experimental results demonstrate that our protocol performs better than other state-of-the-art in terms of network lifetime, energy consumption, and average redundant transmissions.
Prevalence of Anemia among Children and Adolescents of Bangladesh: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

The prevalence of anemia is high among children and adolescents in low- and middle-income countries because of undernutrition resulting from their poor socioeconomic status and lack of knowledge on proper nutrition. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to determine the prevalence of anemia among children and adolescents aged between 6 months and 19 years in Bangladesh. Databases such as PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar were searched to identify the studies that reported the prevalence of anemia among children and adolescents. A total of 24 studies, including the data of 14,062 cases, were included in the systematic review and meta-analysis of the time period between 1997 and 2019. The random-effects model was used to calculate the summary estimates. The protocol was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42021246960). The pooled prevalence of anemia, iron deficiency anemia (IDA), and non-severe and severe anemia were 46.8% [95% CI: 36.0–57.6], 13.6% [95% CI: 8.0–19.2], 56.4% [95% CI: 39.6–73.1] and 0.7% [95% CI: 0.1–1.4], respectively. Prevalence of anemia exhibited the highest among the children aged ≤2 years. Briefly, 91.67% of the studies were of high quality. No significant publication bias was found; however, two outlier studies were detected. The prevalence of anemia among children and adolescents was estimated as high in Bangladesh.
Simulation of an Orographic Precipitation Event during IMPROVE-2. Part I: Evaluation of the Control Run Using a Triple-Moment Bulk Microphysics Scheme

Abstract This paper reports the first evaluation of the Milbrandt–Yau multimoment bulk microphysics scheme against in situ microphysical measurements. The full triple-moment version of the scheme was used to simulate a case of orographically enhanced precipitation with a 3D mesoscale model at high resolution (4- and 1-km grid spacings). The simulations described in this paper also serve as the control runs for the sensitivity experiments that will be examined in Part II of this series. The 13–14 December 2001 case of heavy orographically enhanced precipitation, which occurred over the Oregon Cascades, was selected since it was well observed during the second Improvement of Microphysical Parameterization through Observational Verification Experiment (IMPROVE-2) observational campaign. The simulated fields were compared with observed radar reflectivity, vertical velocity, precipitation quantities from rain gauges, and microphysical quantities measured in situ by two instrumented aircraft. The simulated refl.
Does Profitability Matter in the Relationship between Intellectual Capital and Firm Value?

A study of intellectual capital was conducted to determine whether it can predict firm value by moderated ROA. This study is a quantitative study using secondary data from 240 observational datasets. Purposive sampling selection with company criteria in the LQ-45 index is used as a selection method consecutively from 2017 to 2020. The method of data analysis was panel data regression and Moderated Regression Analysis. The best estimation model used is the Fixed Effect model. We find that intellectual capital predicts the firm value. We also investigated that value-added capital employed and structural capital value added had a significant effect on firm value. In contrast, value-added human capital had no effect on firm value. We prove that profitability moderates the relationship between intellectual capital and firm value. The findings reveal that intellectual capital is an important determinant of a firm's value, thus the company of the LQ-45 index in developing economies like Indonesia needs to enhance their intellectual potential. Therefore, companies must stimulate the growth of capital employed and the efficiency of structural capital for enhanced firm value by strengthening ROA performance. This allows managers to allocate resources to critical knowledge assets for intellectual capital that can be turned into a sustainable competitive advantage.
Low-frequency charge noise in suspended aluminum single-electron transistors

The authors have developed a fabrication method for suspended metallic single-electron transistors (SETs) utilizing a combination of conventional angle evaporation technique and ashing of the underlying organic polymer. The authors’ Al-based suspended devices exhibit clear Coulomb blockade effects typical for conventional SETs. The measured low-frequency charge noise is rather low but still within the range reported for conventional Al devices. We suggest that the noise level can be further reduced by decreasing the effective SET temperature.
Satellite-Based Precipitation Estimation and Its Application for Streamflow Prediction over Mountainous Western U.S. Basins

AbstractRecognizing the importance and challenges inherent to the remote sensing of precipitation in mountainous areas, this study investigates the performance of the commonly used satellite-based high-resolution precipitation products (HRPPs) over several basins in the mountainous western United States. Five HRPPs [Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission 3B42 and 3B42-RT algorithms, the Climate Prediction Center morphing technique (CMORPH), Precipitation Estimation from Remotely Sensed Imagery Using Artificial Neural Networks (PERSIANN), and the PERSIANN Cloud Classification System (PERSIANN-CCS)] are analyzed in the present work using ground gauge, gauge-adjusted radar, and CloudSat precipitation products. Using ground observation of precipitation and streamflow, the skill of HRPPs and the resulting streamflow simulations from the Variable Infiltration Capacity hydrological model are cross-compared. HRPPs often capture major precipitation events but seldom capture the observed magnitude of precipitation ove.
Parameter Identification of a Plastic Damage Model

Studies on parameter identification of a plasticity-based damage constitutive model for concrete are presented in this paper. Differences between the stress-strain curves experimentally obtained and the ones numerically obtained at local level were used as the objective functional of a regularized least square method. For solving the inverse problem, the solution of the direct problem at local level obtained by a driver subroutine was embedded in the iterative solution procedure for the inverse problem proposed in this paper. The sensitivity matrix was calculated numerically by the finite difference method. Numerical examples are given for fitting the numerically obtained stress-strain curves on to a set of experimental results. Parameter identifications under various loading cases, which include uniaxial extension and triaxial compression with different confining stresses, were performed. Results indicate that the numerical scheme is stable and has reasonable accuracy.
Low‐latitude field‐aligned irregularities observed in the E region with the Piura VHF radar: First results

We have used the Piura VHF radar (5°12'S, 80°38'W, ∼7.5°N geomagnetic latitude, just outside the magnetic equator) in northern Peru to gather echoes from 3‐m E region field‐aligned irregularities. We present statistical results of these echoes: percentage of occurrence and histograms of radial velocities and spectral widths, obtained with a 15‐day data set gathered in 1996. These E region echoes are confined to 95‐ to 120‐km altitude and present spectral characteristics similar to equatorial electrojet (EEJ) echoes generated by a gradient drift instability, i.e., type 2. However, they appear mainly at nighttime and early morning (1800–0800 LT) and therefore do not present a temporal similarity to EEJ echoes. Moreover, we observe the existence of two well‐defined types of echoes: (1) lower E region echoes (95–105 km) and upper E region echoes (105–120 km). Both regions show different spectral and temporal characteristics. It is difficult to determine at this point the physical mechanisms responsible for the formation of the irregularities without measurements of E fields and density gradients, which we plan to do in a future experiment.
Search for radio emission from the nearby binary brown dwarf system ε Indi Bab

We have observed the nearest known brown dwarfs, the binary system ∈ Indi Bab (d = 3.626 pc), for 8.6- and 4.8-GHz radio emission with the Australia Telescope Compact Array. If either brown dwarf emits radio flares, then they are respectively at least 5.5 and 1.2 times weaker than LP 944-20, the nearest brown dwarf with detected radio emission. We associate the ROSAT source 1 WGA J2203.9 - 5647 with ∈ Indi Bab since the separation was about 30 arcsec at the time of the ROSAT observation. Assuming the association, then ∈ Indi Bab has an L 0.4-2.4keV X-ray luminosity of 5.6 x 10 25 erg s -1 which makes it roughly a factor of 2 less luminous than LP 944-20. The radio non-detections imply that ∈ Indi Bab does not violate, or at least does not violate as strongly as LP 944-20, the Gudel-Benz relationship of X-ray and radio emission.
Effects of Hall electric fields on the saturation of forced antiparallel magnetic field merging

The role of Hall electric fields in flux pile-up antiparallel magnetic field merging is addressed. Analytical solutions of the resistive Hall magnetohydrodynamics (Hall-MHD) equations are obtained, describing stagnation point flows in a thin current sheet. The stagnation point flow solutions explain a number of interesting effects observed in two-dimensional resistive Hall-MHD simulations of forced magnetic reconnection. In particular, when Hall electric fields are important within the current sheet, less pile-up of magnetic energy is required upstream of the current sheet to support a given reconnection electric field. Fast electron flows transport magnetic flux into the diffusion layer without requiring a compensating drop in plasma pressure upstream of the current sheet. The maximum flux pile-up merging rate allowed by the external plasma pressure becomes independent of the Lundquist number, scaling like the square root of the ratio of the ion inertial length to the spatial scale of the stagnation poin.
Long-Term Effects of Anxiety on the Metabolic Control of Recently Diagnosed Type 2 Diabetes Patients: Results from the CAIPaDi Cohort Study

Introduction Anxiety disorders (AXD) are among the most prevalent mental health conditions in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D). Previous data have established an association of other psychiatric conditions with poor metabolic control and increased odds of diabetes-related complications. Nonetheless, follow-up information about the effects of AXD on the metabolic control of patients with TD2 is still limited. Objective Evaluate the effects of AXD on the metabolic parameters of patients with T2D over 12 months of follow-up in a multidisciplinary comprehensive care model. Methods Prospective study of T2D subjects enrolled in a comprehensive care program with follow-up at 3 and 12 months of treatment. Patients were assessed using the Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). We registered clinical and metabolic characteristics from each visit. Metabolic parameters over time were analyzed with a mixed model of repeated measures using AXD and time as interaction variables. Results Our sample included 2703 patients at baseline, and 1161 (43%) subjects continued the follow-up at 12 months. The AXD group had more females, lower age, and fewer years of formal education compared with subjects without AXD at baseline, 3 and 12 months. Patients with AXD also reported higher mean fasting glucose at three months, and higher HbA1c at three and 12 months. Our MMRM for HbA1c reported significant differences over time in subjects with and without AXD. The differences in means between groups increased from 0.17% at three months to 0.31% at 12 months. The variables from the HADS anxiety score, sex, age, years of diagnosis, and insulin treatment were also associated with HbA1c parameters over time. Conclusion Patients with AXD had the worst glycemic control at 3 and 12 months of follow-up. HbA1c differences in patients with AXD compared with non-AXD subjects increases over time in association with anxiety symptoms.
Analysis and modeling of edge fluctuations and transport mechanism in the Maryland Centrifugal Experiment

The Maryland Centrifugal Experiment [R. F. Ellis et al., Phys. Plasmas 12, 055704 (2005)] is a mirror machine designed to have a plasma axially confined by supersonic rotation and dominantly interchange stable by the radial shear in the azimuthal velocity. Nevertheless, residual fluctuations still persist. To investigate the presence of such fluctuations, an azimuthal array of 16 magnetic pickup coils at the edge region of the plasma has been employed. A comprehensive analysis of the magnetic fluctuations reveals that, under the imposed shear flow, only m=0 and m=2 modes are dominant; yet, the observed frequency spectrum is broadband. Using higher order spectral analysis, clear evidence of nonlinear mode coupling is detected. It is also observed that the amplification of magnetic fluctuations leads to enhanced transport consistent with the drop of the plasma density and voltage. As a result, the magnetic fluctuations start to decrease in amplitude as the central plasma pressure drops. In return, the anoma.
Physical state of the intergalactic medium at redshifts z= 2–4

We use two large surveys of quasars (QSOs), namely, 2QZ–6QZ and SDSS DR1, to estimate mean properties of the background ultraviolet (UV) radiation and the temperature of intergalactic gas at redshifts z≈ 2–4. We show that the intensity of the UV background radiation as estimated by Haardt & Madau (1996) should be increased by ∼20–30 per cent. We also briefly discuss spatial variations of both the intensity of background UV radiation and the gas temperature. These variations can be studied in more detail with high-resolution observations of the proximity effects, Lyman α absorbers and metal systems. Using the minimal spanning tree technique, we analyse the spatial distribution of QSOs and show that it is quite similar to random (Poissonian).
The Politics of Respectability and Black Americans’ Punitive Attitudes

Existing research largely ignores Black support for punitive policies that target group members, even as this support challenges expectations of in-group favoritism and group solidarity. The current research fills this gap by leveraging a familiar concept: “the politics of respectability. ” Building on historical and qualitative accounts of this worldview, which focuses on the behavior of group members, I develop a social psychological framework to understand how identity-based concerns motivate Black support for punishment that targets members of their racial group. I also develop a novel measure of respectability–the Respectability Politics Scale. Findings demonstrate that adherents of respectability feel more ashamed about the public view of their racial group, endorse more negative racial stereotypes, and feel relatively less close to other Black people. They are also more likely to support a range of punitive policies that target group members, including restrictive dress code policies, tough-on-crime policies, and paternalistic welfare policies.