Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
First serological prevalence of dengue virus IgG antibody among pregnant women in Port Harcourt, Nigeria

Dengue is a viral disease transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes and is considered a public health problem worldwide. Pregnant women and infants are at risk of developing severe dengue, which has been linked to poor outcomes. This study sought to determine the prevalence of Dengue Virus IgG antibodies among pregnant women attending antenatal care at the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital, Rivers State, Nigeria. In this cross-sectional study, a total of 94 pregnant women were enlisted, and after gaining consent, approximately 5 ml of whole blood was taken. Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) was used to detect the presence of IgG antibodies to the dengue fever virus. IgG antibodies prevalence to the dengue fever virus was found to be 2.1%. Women who were within 16 to 20 years (6.7%), single (2.6%), employed (3.8%), had primary education (5.3%) and resided in urban areas (4.8%) all had higher incidence rates. Although this study reported a low prevalence of dengue virus among pregnant women, intensive enlightenment on the preventive measures which include the use of insect repellant and wearing of long-sleeved shirts, among others, should be sustained.
Seasonal and Tidal variations of DO, BOD, and Nutrients in Major Rivers within Eastern Niger Delta, Nigeria

River channels within the Oil producing Area of Nigeria are highly impacted by the activities of the Oil Companies. This work examined the Dissolved oxygen (DO), Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), Nitrate (NO3-), Phosphate (PO43-), and sulphate (SO42-) in Calabar, Cross River, Imo, Great Kwa, and Qua-Iboe Rivers using standard procedures. Results showed that, DO, BOD, NO3-, and SO42- were within their limits by NESREA whereas, PO43- was higher than the limit. Mean levels of NO3-, PO43-, and SO42- were higher during the dry season and low tidal regime while DO and BOD showed higher levels in wet season and high tidal regime. Results also indicated that, DO belong to the slightly polluted class, BOD, NO3-, and SO42- belong to the non-polluted class whereas, PO43- varied between moderately polluted and the severely polluted classes in the studied aquatic channels. Generally, the relationships among the parameters varied from one parameter to the other. Principal component analysis (PCA) identified mainly the anthropogenic factor and moderately the natural factor as being responsible for the levels of the parameters assessed in the studied rivers. Hierarchical clusters analysis (HCA) recorded common associations and sources for the DO and BOD, PO43- and SO42- while NO3- had a separate and personal cluster. The study revealed the existing relationships among the studied parameters and their related impact on the health of the aquatic ecosystems investigated.
Controlling Mechanism of Local Scouring

Experimental study of clear water scouring around a circular cylinder shows that the scour mechanism is coupled to the three-dimensional separation of the upstream boundary layer and the periodic vortex shedding in the wake of the cylinder. The first scour appears in the wake of the cylinder. The main scouring agent in the upstream region is a system of horseshoe vortices. The vortices have a periodical character that causes a triple-scour profile to develop in the upstream region. During scouring, the number and periods of horseshoe vortex shedding undergo no appreciable change. Despite the clear water stage, the transport phenomenon is periodical. Transport of sediment takes place through turbulent scales of comparable size to macro-length scales. The size of horseshoe vortices are representative for the macroscale. Wake scouring is caused by the primary wake vortices and the accelerated side flow. The process is characterized by a strong periodical transport and the formation of ripples. The periodicity is controlled by the shedding frequency of the wake vortices. Collars attached to the cylinder cannot prevent the formation of the vortices.
Non-Surgical Site Pain in Women following Breast Cancer Surgery: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Background: Chronic pain after breast cancer surgery affects up to 60% of patients. Evidence supports the fact that pain outwith the surgical site is a significant issue. This systematic review and meta-analysis sought to evaluate the prevalence of non-surgical site pain (NSSP) in women after breast cancer surgery at 6 months post-operatively. Methods: Adult women with a confirmed breast cancer diagnosis who had undergone breast cancer surgery were identified. The outcome pursued was pain outwith the surgical site measured on either NRS/VRS or VAS rating scale. CENTRAL, Embase, PubMed, MEDLINE, CINAHL, PsycInfo, Web of Science, and Scopus were searched to identify studies that examined NSSP after breast cancer surgery at 6 months. Data were gathered via pre-piloted Excel forms and analysed both quantitively and qualitatively. Meta-analysis was carried out using a random-effects model to assess risk difference with 95% confidence interval (CI). Results: A total of sixteen studies were identified for inclusion. Eleven studies failed to provide sufficient data and consequently were analysed qualitatively. Five studies were adequate for quantitative analysis, including a total of 995 patients. Meta-analysis identified a risk difference of 18% (95% CI: 5–31%) between patients who had breast cancer surgery and a reference, however, this is low-quality evidence. Conclusion: This review has highlighted that breast cancer surgery increases the risk of pain outwith the surgical site postoperatively. It was additionally identified that NSSP data are often gathered in research yet rarely presented in results or highlighted as a primary outcome. As the quality of evidence was low, research specifying NSSP as a primary outcome is required to provide more certainty.
FREE BOUNDARY, FLUID FLOW, AND SEEPAGE FORCES IN EXCAVATIONS

The role of pore fluids in predicting the strength and deformation behavior of excavations is investigated in the context of nonlinear finite element analysis. It is shown that the imposition of a volume constraint exerts a significant influence on the structural response of excavations during construction. For a fully undrained condition, the constraint is viewed as that of incompressibility; for a fully drained condition under steady-state seepage, the volume constraint vanishes, but fluid flow gives rise to seepage forces that alter the mode of deformation of unsupported and braced cuts. Predictions of drained responses of unsupported and braced excavations are made using a program called DIG-DIRT, a nonlinear finite element code capable of dealing with free-surface flow and seepage forces for solid stress and deformation calculations. The same code is used to predict the undrained response of excavations from equivalent formulations based on mixed and penalty methods with selective reduced integration to deal effectively with the incompressibility constraint. Examples of drained and undrained response predictions are then discussed to obtain a better understanding of the role of pore fluids on the strength and deformation behavior of excavations.
Characteristics of dimethylsulfide, ozone, aerosols, and cloud condensation nuclei in air masses over the northwestern Pacific Ocean

Long-term measurements of several trace gases and aerosols were carried out from December 1994 to October 1996 at Ogasawara Hahajima Island over the northwestern Pacific Ocean. The continental impact on the concentrations of sulfur compounds, ozone (O3), and cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) was estimated on the basis of the classification of air mass into seven types by isentropic trajectory analysis. From May to October, the air mass originating from the central North Pacific Ocean is predominant and regarded as the clean marine air for the concentrations of sulfur compounds and CCN. From the results of the molar ratio of methane sulfonic acid to non-sea-salt sulfate (NSS) and the positive correlation between dimethylsulfide (DMS) and CCN in this air mass it can be concluded that DMS largely contributes to the production of NSS and CCN. On the other hand, continental and anthropogenic substances are preferably transported to the northwestern Pacific Ocean by the predominant continental air mass from November to March. The enhancement of concentrations by the outflow from the Asian continent are estimated by a factor of 2.8 for O3, 3.9 for SO2, 3.5 for CCN activated at 0.5% supersaturation (0.5% CCN), 4.7 for 1.0% CCN, and 5.5 for NSS. Moreover, the CCN supersaturation spectra are also affected by the continental substances resulting in factor 2 of enhancement of cloud droplet number concentration. The diurnal variations of DMS and O3 for each air mass show a pattern of daytime minimum and nighttime maximum, which are typically found in remote ocean, even though those amplitudes are different for each air mass. Consequently, it can be concluded that the influence of nitric oxides (NOx) for the daytime O3 production and nitrate (NO3) radical for the nighttime oxidation of DMS are small even in the continental air mass.
Ground Motions in the Fukushima Hamadori, Japan, Normal‐Faulting Earthquake

A crustal normal‐faulting earthquake (! [Graphic][1] ; M w 6.7) occurred in eastern Tohoku, Japan, on 11 April 2011. K‐NET and KiK‐net stations recorded 82 records from within 100 km of fault rupture. These data and data from associated foreshocks and aftershocks will make a critical contribution to future improvements of ground‐motion prediction for normal‐faulting earthquakes. Peak ground accelerations (PGA) and peak ground velocities (PGV) are compared with four ground‐motion prediction equations (GMPEs) that include the style of faulting as a predictor parameter. For distances under 100 km, and using a network average value of V S 30, the average ratio of PGA to the selected GMPEs (the event term ) is high by factors of 2.3–3.7. Event terms for PGV are high by factors of 1.4–1.8. Adjusting PGA and PGV with customized site terms (Kawase and Matsuo, 2004a,b), the standard deviations of PGA and PGV residuals are reduced from 0.59 to 0.43, and from 0.53 to 0.35, respectively. The event terms decreased to relatively small factors of 1.1–1.8 for PGA and increased slightly to 1.5–2.0 for PGV. Thus, site terms are very important, but positive event terms remain. The remaining positive event terms are not explained by high stress drop, which was typical of crustal events of all mechanisms globally or in Japan. Two subparallel faults ruptured, but source inversions, which we reviewed, revealed that they ruptured sequentially, so simultaneous contributions from the two faults did not cause high motions. Although these observations may tend to suggest that ground motions in large normal‐faulting events are larger than predicted by the tested models, we are not aware of any observations from this event that contradict the precarious rock evidence of Brune (2000) that ground shaking is low on the footwall near the rupture. [1]: /embed/inline-graphic-1.gif
Geology of the Cordilleran Orogen in Canada

Seven stratigraphic chapters cover time slices from Precambrian to Neogene; also included are chapters covering tectonic framework, paleomagnetism, physiographic evolution, Quaternary glaciation, volcanic and plutonic regimes, metamorphism, structural styles, metallogeny, energy and ground resources, and natural hazards. A tectonic synthesis chapter and a summary of outstanding problems round out the volume. Accompanying plates include physiographic, tectonic assemblage, terrane and metamorphic maps, correlation charts, structural cross sections, and special maps showing distribution of Proterozoic and Miocene plutonic suites and the metallogeny of terranes.
DEVELOPMENT OF AN IRRIGATION POLICY TO OPTIMISE SUGAR PRODUCTION DURING SEASONS OF WATER SHORTAGE

Severe water restrictions in Zimbabwe necessitated a review of local experimentalevidence in order to develop an irrigation policy to optimise sugar production. Ratoon crop water re­ quirements in the developmental stages of germination and tillering, stalk growth and maturation were examined. A water budget was constructed which demonstrated that irrigation scheduling using the revised policy provided a potential saving in water use of 32% when compared with conventional prac­ tices. Comparisons of estate sugarproduction in successive years showed that adoption of the strategy did not reduce estimated recoverable crystal (ERC) yield and resulted in a 20% saving in total water applied. The need for further irrigation research is discussed.
FATAL AND SERIOUS-INJURY TRAFFIC CRASH TRENDS IN MICHIGAN: 1997-2001

Michigan vehicle crashes from 1997-2001 that resulted in fatalities or serious injuries (KA crashes) were analyzed for patterns and trends. Counts, rates, and distributions by time, location, age, and sex of involved drivers were obtained for all KA crashes and those in which the driver "had been drinking. " Trends in levels of blood alcohol concentration (BAC) of fatal-crash-involved drivers were obtained from Fatality Analysis Reporting System (FARS) data, and safety belt use of KA-crash-involved vehicle occupants was examined. The results show a decrease in counts and rates of involvement in KA crashes and "had been drinking" KA crashes. However, the proportion of "had been drinking" crashes remained at 12% of all KA crashes. Drivers under age 24 continue to have the highest rates for KA crashes, and male drivers age 18-24 have the highest rates of "had been drinking" KA crashes. Of drivers who were tested for BAC levels, 30% had positive BAC levels, 28% were at or above 0.08 g/dl, 26% were at or above 0.10 g/dl, and 19% were at or above 0.15 g/dl. Safety belt use for KA-crash-involved vehicle occupants was lowest for the 18-24 age group. Child seat and safety belt use for KA-crash-involved children under age 5 decreased slightly between 1997 and 2001.
Ice core and palaeoclimatic evidence for the timing and nature of the great mid‐13th century volcanic eruption

Ice cores from both the Arctic and Antarctic record a massive volcanic eruption in around AD 1258. The inter‐hemispheric transport of ash and sulphate aerosol suggests a low‐latitude explosive eruption, but the volcano responsible is not known. This is remarkable given estimates of the magnitude of the event, which range up to 5 × 1014–2 × 1015 kg (∼200–800 km3 of dense magma), which would make this the largest eruption of the historic period, and one of the very largest of the Holocene. The associated collapse caldera could have had a diameter up to 10–30 km. Palaeoclimate reconstructions indicate very cold austral and boreal summers in AD 1257–59, consistent with known patterns of continental summer cooling following tropical, sulphur‐rich explosive eruptions. This suggests an eruption in AD 1257, producing a stronger climate forcing than hitherto recognized. Copyright © 2003 Royal Meteorological Society
The Role of Religiousity in Mitigating the Effects of Technostress on Engaging Academic Fraud during Accounting Online Learning

The aim of this study is to examine how religion may help students overcome the effects of technostress, which heightens students' propensity for academic dishonesty during online learning. First, this study uses the self-determination theory (SDT) to describe the function of religion. We confirm that student’s technostress increases academic fraud during online learning using structural equation modelling (SEM). The study concludes that during hybrid learning, students with strong religiosity are more intrinsically motivated to prevent academic fraud than are students with low motivation. Students must be extremely motivated, confident in their cognitive flow, and convinced that using ICT won't cause them to engage in dysfunctional behavior in order to successfully adopt a virtual face-to-face application or learning management system in education. The study's last finding is that students' cognition can boost their positive emotion.
Bird Species Diversity and abundance in the Abiriw Sacred Grove in the Eastern Region of Ghana

The sacred grove concept is one of the strategies developed by many human societies to conserve biological resources using a traditional approach. Sacred groves are currently under threat from anthropogenic activities due to lack of enforcement of traditional edicts to check encroachment. The birds inhabiting the Abiriw Sacred Grove in the Akwapim North District in the Eastern Region of Ghana were surveyed between February and April 2005 to determine the current ecological status of the grove, and to establish a bird species list. The transect count method was used to sample the birds in the grove. A total of 411 individual birds belonging to 22 families and 66 species was recorded, out of which 211 individuals of 41 species occurred in the forest-cultivated land boundary, 111 (36 species) in pristine forest, and 89 (40 species) in secondary forest. A significant proportion of species in the grove were savanna specialists. Similarity indices indicated different levels of degradation of the various blocks. The current situation needs immediate attention to stem the tide of fragmentation and degradation.
Clinical features and long-term survival in idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension with thyroid dysfunction: insights from a national multicentre prospective study

Background Our objective was to clarify the characteristics and long-term survival of idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (IPAH) patients with thyroid dysfunction and compare them with IPAH without thyroid dysfunction. Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted using prospectively collected data. IPAH patients with thyroid dysfunction at baseline were included. Patients with other subgroups of PAH and Group 2–5 pulmonary hypertension were excluded. IPAH patients with euthyroid function were matched 1:1 to IPAH patients with thyroid dysfunction by age and sex. Results In total, 148 IPAH patients with thyroid dysfunction were included. Patients with hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism, subclinical hyperthyroidism and subclinical hypothyroidism accounted for 16.2%, 18.9%, 8.1% and 56.8%, respectively. IPAH patients with hyperthyroidism showed the highest mixed venous oxygen saturation (SvO2) and the lowest pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) at baseline among subgroups, while patients with subclinical hypothyroidism had the lowest SvO2 and highest PVR (p<0.05). Compared with IPAH without thyroid dysfunction, patients with hyperthyroidism (9.14 versus 13.86 WU; p<0.05) and hypothyroidism (10.70 versus 13.86 WU; p<0.05) showed significantly lower PVR. The haemodynamic profiles of patients with subclinical hypothyroidism were similar to IPAH with euthyroid function except for lower right atrial pressure (6 versus 8 mmHg; p=0.009). The long-term survival of patients with clinical thyroid dysfunction was better than IPAH without thyroid dysfunction, while that of those with subclinical diseases was comparable to the latter, even after adjusting for baseline haemodynamics and treatment. Conclusion IPAH patients with clinical hyper- and hypothyroidism had better haemodynamics and survival than those without thyroid dysfunction, while patients with subclinical hypothyroidism had similar haemodynamics and survival profiles to the latter. Tweetable abstract IPAH patients with clinical hyper- or hypothyroidism have better haemodynamics and survival than IPAH without thyroid dysfunction, while those with subclinical hypothyroidism have similar profiles to those with euthyroid function https://bit.ly/3LUObZY
Geographical distribution of helium isotope ratios in northeastern Japan

In order to study the precise geographical distribution of helium isotope ratios in northeastern Japan and compare it with geophysical data, we collected 43 gas and water samples from hot and mineral springs in the region where the ratio had never been reported, and measured the 3He/4He and 4He/20Ne ratios of these samples. It was found that the 3He/4He ratios show clear contrasts between the forearc and the back‐arc regions in the Tohoku district in northeastern Japan. In the forearc region, the ratios are smaller than 1 RA (1 RA = 1.4 × 10−6; RA means the 3He/4He ratio of the atmosphere). On the other hand, those along the volcanic front and in the back‐arc region are apparently higher. Moreover, we found a variation in the 3He/4He ratios along the volcanic front. In Miyagi Prefecture (38–39°N), the ratios range from 2 to 5 RA. On the other hand, the ratios are less than 1 RA in and around the southern border between Iwate and Akita Prefectures (39–39.5°N). Comparing the distribution of helium isotope ratios to results of recent geophysical studies, we found that the features in geographical distribution of helium isotope ratios are similar to those of seismic low‐velocity zone distributions and high Qp−1 distributions in the uppermost mantle. These observations strongly suggest that the helium isotope ratios reflect the distribution of melts in the uppermost mantle and are a useful tool for investigating the origin, behavior, and distribution of deep fluids and melts.
Stratigraphic Oil and Gas Fields—Classification, Exploration Methods, and Case Histories

With the dwindling number of untested structural prospects, particularly onshore in North America and Europe, exploration for new stratigraphic hydrocarbon fields becomes increasingly imperative, and all technological advances of recent (pre-1945) years must be utilized in this important search. This publication’s objective was to obtain case histories of fields found since 1945 and to show how the new technology has been applied to the search for stratigraphic-type oil and gas fields. Contained within this publication are 35 case histories, complimented by chapters on geologic exploration methods and geophysical exploration methods.
Flow and Bed Profile in Meandering Sand-Silt Rivers

Mathematical models for defining three-dimensional flow and bed topography in sinuous channels with suspendable bed material are presented. It is shown theoretically that the secondary flow in sinuous channels shows a reduction in its magnitude below that of a uniformly-curved channel, and also displays a phase-lag relative to the channel plan-form. The model for bed topography is derived by considering the sediment balance for bed load and suspended load, the transport rate and direction, all of which are governed by the three-dimensional flow. A laboratory test supports the model. The present study has made it possible to predict the large-scale bed topography of meandering sand-silt rivers, including such features as the magnitude and the location of local scour and point-bar deposits.
Exploring the Nexus of Domestic Violence: Impact on Married Women's Physical Health, Psychological Distress, and Magnitude of Abuse

Domestic violence is a common problem in Pakistan but due to stigma in surrounding it is not openly discussed. Current study determined the magnitude of domestic violence, physical health and psychological distress among females. Cross-sectional study was conducted in Sialkot among married females. Magnitude of domestic violence was considered as the determinant of physical health and psychological distress. Sample was comprised of 100 females from working and non-working background, selected through purposive sampling technique by random assignment. The variables were measured using three assessment tools composite abuse scale, Kessler’s psychological distress scale and physical health questionnaire. Data was analyzed by the application of SPSS, correlation and regression was measured for the assessment of purposed assumptions. Among married females domestic violence is the determinant of physical health (r=.702**, p < 0.01) and psychological distress (R= -.340*, p < 0.01). increase in the magnitude of domestic violence leads to the deterioration of physical health and decreases psychological distress.