Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Haruan Channa striatus: a drug discovery in an AGRO-industry setting

Malaysia was ranked twelfth in world ranking of Mega biodiversity countries, as declared by UNESCO in 1997. BUT the question is SO WHAT? Since independence in 1957, none of our natural products have been developed to produce pharmaceutical drugs. Further, no single indigenous species has been made into a tradeable COMMODITY.By 2004, we were no longer ranked among the top twelve mega-biodiversity countries, as we were ranked 14th among the 17 countries listed in 2004. This is because most of our forests have been logged, stripping off the nation’s bio-wealth (Malaysia’s Mega-diversity under threat, 2004 http://www.greenpeace.org/international/press/reports/malaysia-s-mega-diversity-unde). Even now, no one knows for sure what we still have, and what has already been eradicated. Logging has destroyed our forests which we have replaced with mono exotic species i.e. either rubber or palm oil. Terrestrial, freshwater and marine ecosystems are under constant threat. Although 70 % of the earth’s surface is covered by water, the freshwater ecosystem comprises only 2%. However, 12% of all animal species, and 40% of all the recognised fish, which totals about 8,400 species, are in the freshwater ecosystem (http://www.fao.org/sd/EPdirect/EPre0044.htm). Unfortuntely with freshwater ecosystems being reduced, at least one fifth of all freshwater fishes are already extinct or seriously endangered. Further, since 1995, 70% of the world’s marine fishes have been either fully exploited or over fished and depleted.One should also remember that fish is accountable for approximately 17% of the animal protein in the normal human diet, and around 29% in Asia. Hence the loss and degradation of biodiversity in the marine ecosystem is very alarming and will have phenomenal implications on the food and livelihood security of humans. Previously, 75% of the fishes consumed were from nature i.e. wild species, while the remaining 25% was from aquaculture production. Today however, approximately 85% of fish supplies are from aquaculture (http://www.fao.org/sd/EPdirect/EPre0044.htm). In Malaysia, the aquaculture industry is now a priority and the government has projected a 200% increase in production to 600,000 tones in 2010, from 200,000 tonnes last year (http://www. fao.org/fishery/countrysector/naso_malaysia/en). Today, there are 290 freshwater fish species identified in Peninsular Malaysia, more than 100 in Sarawak and 200 in Sabah(http://www.nre.gov.my/opencms/opencms/NRE/BM/Services/Biodiversity/biodiversity.html), and the Haruan C striatus is one of them. Most if not all freshwater aquatic species face fewer risks as compared to land animals which are at risk from diseases such as smallpox, Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE) or Mad - Cow Disease (MCD), Japanese encephalitis (JE), Bird Flu (H5N1) and Swine Flu (H1N1) (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aquaculture). This, among others, is the reason why aquaculture is becoming increasingly more important and hence why the Haruan is now an important option in the field of food and drug discovery
Fault Lines Exposed: Advantage and Disadvantage Across Australia's Settlement System

Fault Lines Exposed intends to understand inequality across Australian cities and towns. Social and economic change in Australia has resulted in the emergence of disparities in advantage and disadvantage between metropolitan communities and regional localities, towns and cities. In 1999 the book Community Opportunity and Vulnerability (Baum et al.) considered the disparities that existed between communities using 1996 census data. This new book, available both online and in print, uses up-to-date data to reanalyse the patterns and consider the important policy issues that arise from the patterns identified. Fault Lines Exposed provides insight into advantage and disadvantage at an aggregate community or locality level. Such insight is necessary if we are to better understand what is happening in society. It helps us plan effective solutions to problems that impact not only on individuals and families but also on communities. Each of the chapters outlines the main findings from the typology of advantage and disadvantage. The book concludes with a strong policy orientation, addressing possible options and raising more policy questions. Fault Lines Exposed will be essential reading for academics, researchers, students, policy makers and other professionals working in the areas of geography, sociology, economics and social work. “We had escaped our societies. Nobody was watching us. We could be free, we could behave as we liked. We had found the meaning of our existence. The real meaning of existence was there all the time of course, in the simple pattern of the island which we had annexed as our own primitive milieu, but after a time we could not see it for the mired footprints of our own excesses. ” George Johnston, Clean Straw for Nothing “They had a larger-than-life, a mythical quality. They drank more than other people, they wrote more, they got sick more, they got well more, they cursed more and they blessed more, and they helped a great deal more. They were an inspiration. They had guts. They were real, tough, honest. They were the kind of people you meet less and less. ” Leonard Cohen, on George Johnston and Charmian Clift
Rewarming Mild Hypothermia After Avalanche Burial

Purpose: To determine if mildly hypothermic avalanche burial victims can be rewarmed in the field we measured esophageal core body temperature (Tes) during snow burial and after extrication during passive rewarming in a hypothermia wrap. Methods: 6 subjects were buried in compacted snow (mean density 39%) for up to 60 minutes at an altitude of 2450 m (barometric pressure 571 mm Hg) while breathing with an AvaLung (Black Diamond Equipment, Salt Lake City, Utah). Mean snow temperature was -3.5 ±1.0oC and mean air temperature was 0 +2oC. Subjects wore a one-piece Gore-TexTM suit over medium weight CapileneTM underwear with a hood, face mask, goggles, mittens, and boots. After extrication from snow burial subjects were placed in a sleeping bag wrapped in a blanket on an insulating pad. All layers were wrapped in heavy plastic. Tes was measured for an additional 60 minutes as subjects rewarmed by shivering. Results: Tes cooling rate during snow burial was 0.8 ±0.3oC/hr during a mean burial time of 58 ±4 minutes. Tes continued to decrease for 12 +8 minutes after extrication from snow burial (afterdrop) at a cooling rate of 4.0 ±0.8oC/hr (p<0.001 Tes cooling rate during snow burial versus afterdrop cooling rate). Rewarming occurred at a rate of 1.1 ±0.3oC/hr over the subsequent 48 ±8 minutes (p=0.05 snow burial cooling versus passive rewarming rate). Conclusion: Core body temperature cooling rate after extrication from snow burial increased about fourfold for a transient time period in subjects who were placed as quickly as possible into an insulating hypothermia wrap. Passive rewarming increased core body temperature at about the same rate that it decreased during snow burial. These findings suggest that field rewarming of avalanche burial victims with mild hypothermia who are shivering is possible, but they should be insulated quickly to limit the significant afterdrop that may occur.
A new species of Plohophorus Ameghino (Cingulata, Glyptodontidae) from the latest Pliocene–earliest Pleistocene of the Pampean Region (Argentina): the last survivor of a Neogene lineage

Within xenarthrans, two large groups are recognized, Pilosa (anteaters and sloths) and Cingulata (armoured xenarthrans). The latter contains Glyptodontidae, one of the most bizarre and enigmatic groups of animals that ever lived. Recent phylogenetic proposals show an early Miocene divergence into two clades, one of northern origin (Glyptodontinae) and the other with its oldest records in the early–middle Miocene of southern South America, which groups most of the recognized diversity. Although knowledge of the ‘austral clade’ has increased recently, several taxa need urgent taxonomic and phylogenetic studies to understand their evolutionary history. One case is represented by the ‘Plohophorini’, a tribe that traditionally included several genera (Plohophorus, Pseudoplohophorus, Phlyctaenopyga, Stromaphorus and Stromaphoropsis), from the late Miocene–Pliocene of the Pampean and North-Western regions of Argentina, and Uruguay. A new and terminal species of Plohophorus, P. avellaneda sp. nov., coming from the El Polvorín Formation (Pampean region of Argentina) is here reported and described, and represents the first case of a Neogene genus of glyptodont crossing the Plio–Pleistocene boundary (c. 2.53 Ma). In addition, the palaeohistological analysis on the osteoderms (the first for ‘Plohophorini’) reveals some characters not observed in other glyptodonts, highlighting its potential phylogenetic importance. The phylogenetic analysis corroborates that the well-characterized species of ‘Plohophorini’ of Uruguay and the Pampean region of Argentina (‘eastern Plohophorini’) constitute a natural group within the austral clade, since both species of Plohophorus (P. avellaneda + P. figuratus) cluster together, and are the sister taxa of Ps. absolutus + Ps. benvenutti. Along the evolutionary history of Plohophorini an increase in body mass is observed, reaching its maximum with P. avellaneda sp. nov. (c. 471 ka). Despite the high frequency of late Pliocene records, Plohophorini disappear completely from the fossil record during the Pleistocene, suggesting that this character was negatively selected. http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:FF11606C-2F27-4309-9DFD-FA74E769E639
Identifying prodromal symptoms at high specificity for Parkinson’s disease

Introduction To test drugs with the potential to prevent the onset of Parkinson’s disease (PD), it is key to identify individuals in the general population at high risk of developing PD. This is often difficult because most of the clinical markers are non-specific, common in PD but also common in older adults (e.g., sleep problems). Objective We aimed to identify the clinical markers at high specificity for developing PD by comparing individuals with PD or prodromal PD to healthy controls. Methods We investigated motor and non-motor symptoms (Movement Disorder Society Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale Part 1 and 2 items) in 64 prodromal PD and 422 PD individuals calculating the odds ratios, adjusting for age and gender, for PD and prodromal PD versus 195 healthy controls. Symptoms at high specificity were defined as having an adjusted odds ratio ≥ 6. Results Constipation had an adjusted odds ratio, 6.14 [95% CI: 2.94–12.80] showing high specificity for prodromal PD, and speech difficulties had an adjusted odds ratio, 9.61 [95% CI: 7.88–48.81] showing high specificity for PD. The proportion of participants showing these specific markers was moderate (e.g., prevalence of constipation was 43.75% in prodromal PD, and speech difficulties was 33.89% in PD), suggesting these symptoms may make robust predictors of prodromal PD and PD, respectively. Discussion Clinical markers at high specificity for developing PD could be used as tools in the screening of general populations to identify individuals at higher risk of developing PD.
Screening of some restorer and maintainer hybrid rice lines against sheath blight (Rhizoctonia solani).

23 SCREENING OF SOME RESTORER AND MAINTAINER HYBRID RICE LINES AGAINST SHEATH BLIGHT (Rhizoctonia solani) H.Q. M. MOSADDEQUE, M.I. TALUKDER, M.M. ISLAM, A.K. M. KHUSRUL AMIN AND M.A.ALAM Scientific Officer, Pest Management Division, Bangladesh Jute Research Institute (BJRI), Dhaka-1207, Scientific Officer, Fibre Quality Improvement Division, BJRI, Dhaka-1207, Scientific Officer, Breeding Division, BJRI, Dhaka-1207, Scientific Officer (Crop), Water Resources Planning Organization, Dhaka, Scientific Officer, Jute Research Regional Station, Kishoreganj, BJRI, Dhaka-1207, Bangladesh
Mesh Learning Using Persistent Homology on the Laplacian Eigenfunctions

We use persistent homology along with the eigenfunctions of the Laplacian to study similarity amongst triangulated 2-manifolds. Our method relies on studying the lower-star filtration induced by the eigenfunctions of the Laplacian. This gives us a shape descriptor that inherits the rich information encoded in the eigenfunctions of the Laplacian. Moreover, the similarity between these descriptors can be easily computed using tools that are readily available in Topological Data Analysis. We provide experiments to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Stock Assessment: Quantitative Methods and Applications for Small Scale Fisheries

Overview and Background Size-Based Methods of Stock Assessment for Applications to Tropical Artisanal Fisheries Coral Reef Fishery Sampling Methods Sampling Methods for Assessment of Tropical Fisheries in Developing Countries The Application of Some Acoustic Methods for the Assessment of Tropical Artisanal Fisheries Age Determination in Biology: A Perspective on Methods and Applications to Stock Assessment The Application of Time Series Analysis to Fisheries Population Assessment and Modeling Empirical Methods and Models for Multispecies Stock Assessment A System Science Approach to Fisheries Stock Assessment and Management References Annexes Index
PheWAS and cross-disorder analysis reveal genetic architecture, pleiotropic loci and phenotypic correlations across 11 autoimmune disorders

Introduction Autoimmune disorders (ADs) are a group of about 80 disorders that occur when self-attacking autoantibodies are produced due to failure in the self-tolerance mechanisms. ADs are polygenic disorders and associations with genes both in the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) region and outside of it have been described. Previous studies have shown that they are highly comorbid with shared genetic risk factors, while epidemiological studies revealed associations between various lifestyle and health-related phenotypes and ADs. Methods Here, for the first time, we performed a comparative polygenic risk score (PRS) - Phenome Wide Association Study (PheWAS) for 11 different ADs (Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis, Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis, Celiac Disease, Multiple Sclerosis, Rheumatoid Arthritis, Psoriasis, Myasthenia Gravis, Type 1 Diabetes, Systemic Lupus Erythematosus, Vitiligo Late Onset, Vitiligo Early Onset) and 3,254 phenotypes available in the UK Biobank that include a wide range of socio-demographic, lifestyle and health-related outcomes. Additionally, we investigated the genetic relationships of the studied ADs, calculating their genetic correlation and conducting cross-disorder GWAS meta-analyses for the observed AD clusters. Results In total, we identified 508 phenotypes significantly associated with at least one AD PRS. 272 phenotypes were significantly associated after excluding variants in the HLA region from the PRS estimation. Through genetic correlation and genetic factor analyses, we identified four genetic factors that run across studied ADs. Cross-trait meta-analyses within each factor revealed pleiotropic genome-wide significant loci. Discussion Overall, our study confirms the association of different factors with genetic susceptibility for ADs and reveals novel observations that need to be further explored.
The Hong Kong consensus recommendations on the diagnosis and management of pancreatic cystic lesions

Background The finding of pancreatic cystic lesions (PCL) on incidental imaging is becoming increasingly common. International studies report a prevalence of 2.2–44.7% depending on the population, imaging modality and indication for imaging, and the prevalence increases with age. Patients with PCL are at risk of developing pancreatic cancer, a disease with a poor prognosis. This publication summarizes recommendations for the diagnosis and management of PCL and post-operative pancreatic exocrine insufficiency (PEI) from a group of local specialists. Methods Clinical evidence was consolidated from narrative reviews and consensus statements formulated during two online meetings in March 2022. The expert panel included gastroenterologists, hepatobiliary surgeons, oncologists, radiologists, and endocrinologists. Results Patients with PCL require careful investigation and follow-up due to the risk of malignant transformation of these lesions. They should undergo clinical investigation and pancreas-specific imaging to classify lesions and understand the risk profile of the patient. Where indicated, patients should undergo pancreatectomy to excise PCL. Following pancreatectomy, patients are at risk of PEI, leading to gastrointestinal dysfunction and malnutrition. Therefore, such patients should be monitored for symptoms of PEI, and promptly treated with pancreatic enzyme replacement therapy (PERT). Patients with poor response to PERT may require increases in dose, addition of a proton pump inhibitor, and/or further investigation, including tests for pancreatic function. Patients are also at risk of new-onset diabetes mellitus after pancreatectomy; they should be screened and treated with insulin if indicated. Conclusions These statements are an accurate summary of our approach to the diagnosis and management of patients with PCL and will be of assistance to clinicians treating these patients in a similar clinical landscape.
Qualitative Study of Factors Influencing Adherence of People With HIV/AIDS in ARV Consumption in Cilacap Regency

The quality of life of HIV/AIDS people depends on the consumption of antiretroviral drugs. The viral load control response of 85% requires a commitment of 90-95% drug use. If the patient takes ARV 60 times a month, the patient does not miss more than 3 doses. The study aimed to look for factors influencing the compliance of People living with HIV/AIDS with ARV consumption. The research was conducted through qualitative research through in-depth interviews as a data collection technique for five PLHIV and their families, and interviews with peer group support, the Management of the Cilacap Regency AIDS Mitigation Commission, and the Head of VCT Cilacap Hospital carried out triangulation. Data processing techniques were carried out using thematic analysis. Based on the analysis results, 4 themes were obtained: factors that affect the compliance of PLHIV in ARV consumption as follows: internal factors: 1) Reluctance to drink because of boredom; 2). Irregularity of drinking due to forgetfulness; 3). Unwillingness to take ARV because they feel no complaints and external factors: 4) There is still a stigma against PLHIV in the community.
Persistent impact of winter atmospheric circulation anomalies on Arctic sea ice

According to previous studies, the Arctic Oscillation (AO) in winter has an impact on the evolution of sea ice conditions from winter until the following September. This study explores and compares the sea ice responses to two climatic modes of variability in the winter, the positive phase of the AO and the negative phase of the Arctic Dipole (AD) patterns. This study for the first time verifies that the AD-induced sea ice thickness change is comparable in magnitude to the AO-induced change by the end of the melting season. It proves that the negative AD in winter has a persistent impact on sea ice thickness comparable to the AO has. Furthermore, the AO and AD in the winter impact sea ice conditions in different ways. The AO cannot decrease sea ice thickness until the melting season. Most decreases in sea ice thickness are found over the Beaufort and Chukchi Seas starting in May. On the other hand, the negative AD mostly inhibits sea ice growth during the growing season thermodynamically over the Atlantic sector of the Arctic Ocean. The ensemble means of 22 CMIP6 models can reasonably catch the response of sea ice thickness change to the AO and AD in spatial distribution and temporal evolution. The CMIP6 model ensemble is better at reproducing the AD-induced response of sea ice than the AO-induced response, while the spread of results from individual models is extensive.
Lower Urinary Tract Disease in Felines: a Clinical and Laboratory Study

A doença do trato urinário inferior dos felinos é uma das enfermidades mais comuns na medicina felina, abrangendo várias condições que afetam o trato urinário inferior do gato doméstico. Objetivou-se estudar a casuística da doença do trato urinário inferior dos felinos (DTUIF) em gatos atendidos no Hospital Veterinário da Universidade Federal do Piauí no período de julho de 2015 a outubro de 2018. A amostra do estudo foi composta por 303 prontuários. Observou-se que 92,4% dos animais eram machos (280/303), 69,6% de um a quatro anos de idade (211/303), 84,9% sem raça definida (257/303) e 36,3% (110/303) sem acesso à rua. A principal queixa foi obstrução urinária (68,6%; 208/303). Na ultrassonografia, destacou-se presença de sedimentos (58,2%; 137/235), cistite (34,8%; 82/235) e cristais (31%; 73/235). Na bioquímica, a média dos valores de ureia (179,39), creatinina (5,01) e fósforo (8,59) estavam elevados. Nos hemogramas havia neutrofilia. Na urinálise, 39% (62/159) apresentaram urina avermelhada, 59,1% (94/159) com aspecto turvo e 78,6% (125/159) com densidade superior a 1.060. Cerca de 80,5% (244/303) dos animais não foram submetidos a cirurgias, 13,2% (40/303) apresentaram recidiva e 13,5% (41/303) tiveram óbito. Concluiu-se que a DTUIF é mais comum nos machos, entre um e quatro anos, sem raça definida, castrados e domiciliados. A maioria dos gatos apresentaram azotemia. O índice de óbito foi elevado. Palavras-chave: Cistite. Gato. Sistema Urinário. Abstract Lower urinary tract disease is one of the most common disorders in feline medicine and encompasses several conditions with different etiologies that affect the lower urinary tract of domestic cats. This article presented a study on feline lower urinary tract disease (FLUTD) in cats treated at the Veterinary Hospital of the Federal University of Piauí from July 2015 to October 2018. The study sample consisted of 303 medical records. It was observed that 92.4% of the animals were male (280/303), 69.6% were 1–4 years of age (211/303), 84.9% were mongrel cats (257/303), and 36.3% (110/303) did not have access to streets. Their main manifestation was urinary obstruction (68.6%, 208/303). Sediments (58,2%; 137/235), cystitis (34,8%; 82/235), and crystals (31%, 73/235) were observed on ultrasonography. In the biochemical examinations, the mean values of urea (179.39), creatinine (5.01), and phosphorus (8.59) were elevated. Neutrophilia was observed in hemograms. On urinalysis, 39% (62/159) had reddish urine, 59.1% (94/159) had urine with a cloudy appearance and 78.6% (125/159) had urine with density >1,060. Approximately 80.5% (244/303) of animals did not undergo surgical procedures, 13.2% (40/303) experienced recurrence, and 13.5% (41/303) died. It was concluded that FLUTD is more common in male, 1–4-year old, mongrel, castrated, and domiciled cats. Most of them had azotemia. The mortality rate was also high. Keywords: Cystitis. Cat. Urinary System.