Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Comparison of phase shifting by temperature of wild type Neurospora crassa and the clock mutant, frq‐7

Abstract Phase shifting of the circadian conidiation rhythm of Neurospora crassa by pulse treatments with different temperatures, which ranged from 10° to 35°, was compared for the wild type and the clock mutant, frq‐7, in liquid culture. Both strains showed similar phase response curves’ for high temperature (35°) but different phase response curves for low temperature (15°). In the wild type strain, pulses with temperatures higher than 25° caused small shifts in phase in the subjective day phase but pulses with temperatures lower than 25° caused large phase‐delay in the same phase. The clock mutant, frq‐7, showed similar responses to temperature pulses in phases other than the late subjective day phase (CT 9 to CT 14), during which frq‐7 was almost intensitive to pulses with temperatures lower than 25°. This phase (CT 9 to CT 14) coincided with the phase which has previously been proposed to be affected by mutations at the frq locus.
A Novel Deep Learning Controller for DC–DC Buck–Boost Converters in Wireless Power Transfer Feeding CPLs

Wireless power transfer (WPT), in a general scene, is the transmission of electrical energy for various technologies by means of magnetic couple resonance. Its potential applications change from low power electric equipment (like smartphones) to high-power devices over short distances of centimeters to tens of centimeters. In this letter, a pulsewidth-modulation-based adaptive data-driven strategy is newly developed for the output voltage regulation of the series–series (SS) compensated WPT. In an attempt to achieve a fast and adaptive voltage regulation, a deep deterministic policy gradient (DDPG) based on an ultralocal model (ULM) control scheme is applied to the dc–dc buck–boost converter feeding constant power loads installed in the receiver side of the WPT. In the suggested scheme, an intelligent feedback controller based on the ULM is used to stabilize the voltage response of the buck–boost converter while the unknown dynamics of the converter are estimated by a sliding mode observer (SMO). An auxiliary deep DDPG algorithm with Actor-Critic architecture is implemented to employ its adaptive capability to eliminate the SMO estimation error and improve the voltage regulation of the WPT plant. Some experimental outcomes on a laboratory testbed of the WPT plant are presented to assess the merits and real-time implementation of the adaptive data-driven scheme from a systematic perspective.
Deep differentiation between and within Mediterranean glacial refugia in a flying mammal, the Myotis nattereri bat complex

The role of glacial refugia in the biogeographical patterns in the Western Palaearctic region has been widely discussed, but many questions remain unresolved. We examined the biogeography, genetic diversity, spatial distribution and evolutionary history of the Myotis nattereri bat species complex to investigate the presence of multiple refugia and the persistence of Quaternary differentiation between and within Mediterranean refugia in a flying mammal.
EFFECT OF SPROUTING ON NUTRITIONAL VALUE OF WHEAT IN CATTLE DIETS

A 140-day feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the nutritive value of wheat containing 60% sprouted kernels. Groups of 10 yearling steers were fed a 60% wheat diet. The wheat fraction of the diet consisted of all nonsprouted wheat, 1/3 sprouted wheat and 2/3 nonsprouted wheat, 2/3 sprouted and 1/3 nonsprouted wheat, or all sprouted wheat. Wheat containing 60% sprouted kernels had the same feed value as normal wheat when measured by weight gain. Substitution of sprouted wheat for nonsprouted wheat in the diet had no effect on carcass weight, grade, cutability, loin eye area, marbling, fat cover, kidney fat, or incidence of abscessed liver. Feed consumption was not noticeably affected by sprouted wheat. Digestibility data were obtained for normal wheat and wheat containing 60% sprouted kernels. Results are discussed with respect to application in determining the market value of comparable sprouted wheat.
PROPAGAÇÃO DO UMEZEIRO (Prunus mume Sieb & Zucc.) POR ESTAQUIA HERBÁCEA

The use of the japanese apricot (Prunus mume Sieb & Zucc.) as rootstock of Prunus sp. has raised a great interest due to its rusticity, resistance to plagues and diseases, adaptation and mainly for reducing the peach and nectarines trees scales. This essay was carried out at the Department of Vegetable Production of the FCAV/UNESP, Jaboticabal Campus, Sao Paulo State, Brazil, with the purpose of studying the vegetative propagation of this specie. It has been used herbaceous cuttings with 12cm of length originating from the Clones 02, 05, 10 and 15. These clones have been obtained at the Program of Genetic Improvement of the Instituto Agronomico de Campinas, Brazil. The herbaceous cuttings have been submitted to the following concentrations of indolbutiric acid 0 and 2000mg.L-1 by five seconds. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with 4 repetitions of 20 cuttings by replication, with a 4 levels clone factor (02, 05, 10 and 15 clone) and 2 IBA levels (0 and 2000mg.L-1). According to the results, it has been detected significantly difference between the clones in relation to the rooting percentage. The Clone 15 has developed a rooting percentage significantly higher than the Clone 02 (93,75% and 78,13%, respectively). The Clones 05 (85,0%) and 10 (83,13%) have showed an average performance and not differed from the others. There was no difference between the clones tested in relation to the callus formation, root per cutting, length of root and percentage of sprouted cuttings. The acid indolbutiric at the concentration of 2000mg.L-1 had a beneficial effect over the rooting of the cuttings. It has favored the emission of adventitious roots and it has increased the length of the roots. However it hasn't influenced the sprouted of the cuttings. It hasn't been detected interaction between the factors tested for the analyzed variables.
Observations on anthophilous Muscidae and other Diptera (Insecta) in Abisko National Park, Sweden

Muscidae are the dominant anthophilous insects in arctic and subarctic environments. In Abisko National Park, North Sweden, five genera were found to visit blossoms regularly for feeding. Species of Thricops and Phaonia fed extensively on pollen and nectar, and some specialized modes of gathering pollen are described. Morphological adaptations, abundance, activity, periodicity, and flower fidelity are discussed. Muscidae are the leading group of pollinators of open blossoms in arctic and subarctic ecosystems. Brief notes are given on other flower-visiting Diptera.
Evolution in Spartina (Gramineae): I. The history and morphology of the genus in Britain

SUMMARY The history of the genus Spartina in Britain is traced from herbarium records and publications. This historical information and a morphological study of living plants strengthen the view that sterile S. x townsendii arose in c. 1870 in Southampton Water as a hybrid between native S. maritimu and introduced American S. alterngora. The fertile Amphidiploid arose in 1890 and spread at the expense of the species populations. It is shown that species and hybrids of the S. x townsendii complex can be separated by a combination of only a few well-defined morphological characters, and by stomata and pollen grain details. A polyhaploid seedling of low vigour among Amphidiploid progeny is described and its existence and resemblance to S. x townsendii F1 emphasizea the relationship between this PI hybrid and the Amphidiploid. Putative backcross hybrids of S. x townsendii Amphidi- ploid with X. alternijfora in Southampton Water provide conclusive evidence of S. x
Do rivers function as genetic barriers for the plateau wood frog at high elevations

Using the plateau wood frog Rana kukunoris from the Hengduan Mountains as a model system, we tested whether rivers form significant genetic barriers (the riverine barrier hypothesis) to high elevation amphibians. Samples were collected from eight sites across three major river drainages, the Min, the Dadu and the Yalong Rivers, and the population genetic structure of these frogs was evaluated with data from eight microsatellite DNA loci. A large amount of genetic structure was found, and the pairwise F-ST ranged from 0.022 to 0.508 and a global F-ST was 0.215. Both analysis of molecular variance and isolation by distance analysis suggested that rivers, mountain ridges and geographic distances all contributed significantly to the population structure. However, no single landscape has prominent barrier effect to the plateau wood frog populations. An assignment analysis using the computer program Structure grouped the eight populations into four population clusters, and no single type of landscape can sufficiently explain the clustering. In conclusion, rivers do not appear to be the leading genetic barriers for the plateau wood frog. The strong population genetic structure is likely the consequence of attributes of the species, as opposed to environmental fragmentation, and the barrier effect of the landscapes is largely swamped by the large amount of intrinsic population structure.
Sunn-hemp mosaic virus facilitates cell-to-cell spread of southern bean mosaic virus in a nonpermissive host

Accumulation of the cowpea strain of southern bean mosaic sobemovirus (SBMV-C) in bean, a nonpermissive host, was facilitated by coinfection with sunn-hemp mosaic (SHMV), a tobamovirus. The rate of spread in bean of SBMV-C in the presence of SHMV was compared with the rate of spread of the bean strain of SBMV (SBMV-B) coinoculated with SHMV (.)
How Does a Policymaker Rank Regional Income Distributions across Years? A Study on the Evolution of Greek Regional per Capita Income

This study examines the evolution of the regional per capita income from the perspective of a policymaker at the national level. To do that, it utilizes stochastic dominance analysis by including a utility function that expresses the “regional inequalities aversion” level of the policymaker. In this way, the analysis indicates how the policymakers rank income distributions according to their primary policy objectives and more specifically, GDP growth and diminishing of income inequalities. Data refer to the per capita GDPs of the Greek prefectures during the period 2000–2017, in real terms. The estimation of certainty equivalents provides a numeric index of preference among regional income distributions according to the policy objectives mix. Results indicate that the period 2000–2017 is characterized by different patterns of regional income evolutions. Overall, there is no regional convergence from year 2000 to 2017, while the evolution of regional income does not follow a constant path. The analysis provides thoughtful insights into the way that different policy targets and preferences can affect the relevant ranking of income distributions. In a certain level of policymakers’ “regional inequalities aversion”, a balance between economic growth and diminishing of regional inequalities targets is assumed. Apart from a useful tool in economic research, this quantification approach can also be utilized in policy design for setting more appropriate policy targets, based on the preferences of policymakers at the national level.
Fine root dynamics in a loblolly pine forest are influenced by free‐air‐CO2‐enrichment: a six‐year‐minirhizotron study

Efforts to characterize carbon (C) cycling among atmosphere, forest canopy, and soil C pools are hindered by poorly quantified fine root dynamics. We characterized the influence of free‐air‐CO2‐enrichment (ambient +200 ppm) on fine roots for a period of 6 years (Autumn 1998 through Autumn 2004) in an 18‐year‐old loblolly pine (Pinus taeda) plantation near Durham, NC, USA using minirhizotrons. Root production and mortality were synchronous processes that peaked most years during spring and early summer. Seasonality of fine root production and mortality was not influenced by atmospheric CO2 availability. Averaged over all 6 years of the study, CO2 enrichment increased average fine root standing crop (+23%), annual root length production (+25%), and annual root length mortality (+36%). Larger increase in mortality compared with production with CO2 enrichment is explained by shorter average fine root lifespans in elevated plots (500 days) compared with controls (574 days). The effects of CO2‐enrichment on fine root proliferation tended to shift from shallow (0–15 cm) to deeper soil depths (15–30) with increasing duration of the study. Diameters of fine roots were initially increased by CO2‐enrichment but this effect diminished over time. Averaged over 6 years, annual fine root NPP was estimated to be 163 g dw m−2 yr−1 in CO2‐enriched plots and 130 g dw m−2 yr−1 in control plots (P= 0.13) corresponding to an average annual additional input of fine root biomass to soil of 33 g m−2 yr−1 in CO2‐enriched plots. A lack of consistent CO2× year effects suggest that the positive effects of CO2 enrichment on fine root growth persisted 6 years following minirhizotron tube installation (8 years following initiation of the CO2 fumigation). Although CO2‐enrichment contributed to extra flow of C into soil in this experiment, the magnitude of the effect was small suggesting only modest potential for fine root processes to directly contribute to soil C storage in south‐eastern pine forests.
Effect of an impoundment on nutrient dynamics in the Kihansi River, Tanzania

The impact of the Kihansi Dam on electrical conductivity, pH, temperature and dissolved oxygen in the Kihansi River was assessed in 2005 after 85% of the original river flow had been diverted to the Lower Kihansi power plant. The results are compared with the data obtained in 1995 before the dam was constructed. Primary production and nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations from sites upstream and downstream of the dam as well as in the reservoir were compared. Phosphorus fractions were determined in the reservoir's sediment. Electrical conductivity and pH values were higher in 2005 than in 1995, whereas oxygen concentrations were lower. Primary production, nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations were lower at stations downstream of the dam than at upstream stations. High fractions of iron- and manganese-bound phosphorus in the reservoir sediment suggest a potential for phosphorus retention. Concentrations of nitrogen and phosphorus along the Kihansi River were higher during the dry season than in the wet season. These results contribute to the documented baseline data on environmental changes in tropical river systems after flow diversion and reservoir development.
Nasal carriage rate and antimicrobial resistance pattern of Staphylococcus aureus among the food handlers in Canton Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina

Introduction: The nasals and hand carriage of Staphylococcus aureus in food handlers (FHs) represent a significant source of Staphylococcal food contamination and food poisoning. Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a microorganism’s ability to resist the action of one or more antimicrobial agents. S. aureus has demonstrated the ability to rapidly respond to each new antimicrobial with the development of a resistance mechanism. The aim of the study was to assess the prevalence of nasal carriage rate and AMR pattern of isolated strains S. aureus among FHs in Canton Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina. Methods: The retrospective study included laboratory results of 11.139 tested subjects between January 2014 and December 2018. The study was conducted in the laboratory of the Institute of Public Health of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina in Sarajevo. Samples of nasal swabs were collected from FHs, employees in companies located in Canton Sarajevo, during sanitary surveillance prescribed by applicable legal standards. S. aureus isolates were identified according to conventional microbiological methods and antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed by the agar disk diffusion method according to the European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing; 2013 standard. Results: Among the 11.138 subjects, 792 (7.1%) were carriers of S. aureus. Isolated strains were tested on eight different antibiotics, and the resistance to penicillin, ampicillin, and amoxicillin was 788 (99.5%), 776 (97.9%), and 752 (94.9%), retrospectively. In total, 86.36% of isolated strains were multidrug-resistant. Conclusions: The low percentage of S. aureus carriers indicates that preventive measures of carrier control are being actively implemented within the legally prescribed measures. The emergence of numerous isolated strains with multidrug-resistance characteristics is a significant public health problem and consequently limits the range of antibiotics available for therapeutic purposes. The results of this research indicate that AMR has increased in Sarajevo Canton and it is following the trend of global growth.
Freeze-thaw stability of amaranth starch and the effects of salt and sugars

ABSTRACT Freeze-thaw stability of amaranth, corn, wheat, and rice starches was determined measuring the percent of syneresis by centrifugation. Thermal properties were calculated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The effects of salt (NaCl at 2 and 5%) and sugars (sucrose, glucose, and fructose at 10, 20, and 30%) on the freeze-thaw stability of amaranth starch were also studied. Based on DSC and centrifugation methods, amaranth starch had better stability after freezing and thawing through four cycles than did corn, wheat, and rice starches. Amaranth starch with added salt showed similar stability as compared with a control when measured by centrifugation and showed increased stability when measured by DSC. Adding sugars to amaranth starch gels had varying results, but for the most part, they showed similar or increased stability when compared with a control.
Economic crisis and social capital in European societies: the role of politics in understanding short-term changes in social capital

ABSTRACT How did the economic crisis impact social capital in European societies? The empirical studies conducted so far provide contradictory conclusions about the strength and direction of its influence. We argue that to better understand the effects of the economic crisis on social capital (social trust, formal and informal networks) it is crucial to examine both its impact on people’s economic situation and the way it reshaped the relationship between individuals and political institutions and altered key political factors (political trust, the welfare state, political activism). Our analysis of European Social Survey data between 2006 and 2012 shows that changes in social trust were smaller than in formal and informal social networks. It also confirms that political factors played an important mediating role in producing these changes: changes in social trust and formal networks can especially be explained by the impact of the political factors, while variations in informal networks are mainly due to the changing economy. Moreover, the analyses show that while the economic crisis generally lowered social capital, some mechanisms such as a sense of togetherness and left-wing political activism, enhanced social capital.
Leaf dew contributes nutrients to paddies and improves rice growth

Abstract Leaf dew is an important input in farmland ecosystems, but information regarding the nutrients from leaf dew deposition in paddy fields is scarce. Leaf dew samples were monitored and collected in situ from the Sanjiang Plain paddy experimental station during the rice growing periods in 2008, 2009, and 2010. The pH and essential nutrients [ammonium nitrogen ( ), nitrate nitrogen ( ), and phosphorus (P)] in paddy leaf dew were investigated, the nutrients in guttation and condensed dew were distinguished. In addition, the nutrient contributions of foliar fertilizer to Oryza sativa L (rice) were compared with those of leaf dew. The results indicate that the mean pH of leaf dew on rice is 6.3 (n=56), lower than the pH of rain and surface water. Condensed dew contributes about 97.7% of the nitrogen (N) and 95.7% of the phosphorus (P) in paddy leaf dew. Guttation provides a minor part of the N and P in leaf dew. The amount of leaf dewfall is much larger than the volume of foliar fertilization, with the amount of , , and P deposition from leaf dew almost 100 higher than from foliar fertilization. Compared with foliar fertilizer, leaf dew is a natural and potential fertilizer. Leaf dew is an important pathway for nutrient transfer within paddies.
Effects of precipitation on soil organic carbon fractions in three subtropical forests in southern China

Aims The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of precipitation changes on soil organic carbon (SOC) fractions in subtropical for- ests where the precipitation pattern has been altered for decades. Methods We conducted field manipulations of precipitation, including ambient precipitation as a control (CK), double precipitation (DP) and no precip- itation (NP), for 3 years in three forests with different stand ages (broad- leaf forest (BF), mixed forest (MF) and pine forest (PF)) in subtropical China. At the end of the experiment, soil samples were collected to assay SOC content, readily oxidizable organic carbon (ROC) and non-readily oxidizable organic carbon (NROC), as well as soil microbial biomass carbon (MBC), pH and total nitrogen content. Samples from the forest floors were also collected to analyze carbon (C) functional groups (i.e. alkyl C, aromatic C, O-alkyl C and carbonyl C). Furthermore, fine root biomass was measured periodically throughout the experiment. Important Findings Among the forests, ROC content did not exhibit any notable differ- ences, while NROC content increased significantly with the stand age. This finding implied that the SOC accumulation observed in these forests resulted from the accumulation of NROC in the soil, a mechanism for SOC accumulation in the mature forests of south- ern China. Moreover, NP treatment led to significant reductions in both ROC and NROC content and therefore reduced the total SOC content in all of the studied forests. Such decreases may be due to the lower plant-derived C inputs (C quantity) and to the changes in SOC components (C quality) indicated by C functional groups analyses under NP treatment. DP treatment in all the forests also tended to decrease the SOC content, although the decreases were not statistically significant with the exception of SOC and ROC con- tent in PF. This finding indicated that soils in MF and in BF may be more resistant to precipitation increases, possibly due to less water limitations under natural conditions in the two forests. Our results therefore highlight the different responses of SOC and its fractions to precipitation changes among the forests and suggest that further studies are needed to improve our understanding of SOC dynamics in such an important C sink region.
Application of Metarhizium flavoviride (Deuteromycotina: Hyphomycetes) spores against the tree locust, Anacridium melanorhodon (Orthoptera: Acrididae), in Sudan.

Spores of the entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium flavoviride were applied against the tree locust Anacridium melanorhodon melanorhodon in the field for the first time. The treated areas covered a total of 55 ha in the vicinity of Tendelti in the White Nile State of Sudan. At a dose of 100 g of spores/ha applied in 5 l of oil formulation, the application led to a reduction in population densities of 66-76% after 18 days. Correction of the data with the Henderson/ Tilton formula gave an overall control efficiency of 68%.