Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Abbreviated Antiplatelet Therapy in Patients at High Bleeding Risk With or Without Oral Anticoagulant Therapy After Coronary Stenting

Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text. Background: The optimal duration of antiplatelet therapy (APT) in patients at high bleeding risk with or without oral anticoagulation (OAC) after coronary stenting remains unclear. Methods: In the investigator-initiated, randomize, open-label MASTER DAPT trial (Management of High Bleeding Risk Patients Post Bioresorbable Polymer Coated Stent Implantation With an Abbreviated Versus Standard DAPT Regimen), 4579 patients at high bleeding risk were randomized after 1-month dual APT to abbreviated or nonabbreviated APT strategies. Randomization was stratified by concomitant OAC indication. In this subgroup analysis, we report outcomes of populations with or without an OAC indication. In the population with an OAC indication, patients changed immediately to single APT for 5 months (abbreviated regimen) or continued ≥2 months of dual APT and single APT thereafter (nonabbreviated regimen). Patients without an OAC indication changed to single APT for 11 months (abbreviated regimen) or continued ≥5 months of dual APT and single APT thereafter (nonabbreviated regimen). Coprimary outcomes at 335 days after randomization were net adverse clinical outcomes (composite of all-cause death, myocardial infarction, stroke, and Bleeding Academic Research Consortium 3 or 5 bleeding events); major adverse cardiac and cerebral events (all-cause death, myocardial infarction, and stroke); and type 2, 3, or 5 Bleeding Academic Research Consortium bleeding. Results: Net adverse clinical outcomes or major adverse cardiac and cerebral events did not differ with abbreviated versus nonabbreviated APT regimens in patients with OAC indication (n=1666; hazard ratio [HR], 0.83 [95% CI, 0.60–1.15]; and HR, 0.88 [95% CI, 0.60–1.30], respectively) or without OAC indication (n=2913; HR, 1.01 [95% CI, 0.77–1.33]; or HR, 1.06 [95% CI, 0.79–1.44]; Pinteraction=0.35 and 0.45, respectively). Bleeding Academic Research Consortium 2, 3, or 5 bleeding did not significantly differ in patients with OAC indication (HR, 0.83 [95% CI, 0.62–1.12]) but was lower with abbreviated APT in patients without OAC indication (HR, 0.55 [95% CI, 0.41–0.74]; Pinteraction=0.057). The difference in bleeding in patients without OAC indication was driven mainly by a reduction in Bleeding Academic Research Consortium 2 bleedings (HR, 0.48 [95% CI, 0.33–0.69]; Pinteraction=0.021). Conclusions: Rates of net adverse clinical outcomes and major adverse cardiac and cerebral events did not differ with abbreviated APT in patients with high bleeding risk with or without an OAC indication and resulted in lower bleeding rates in patients without an OAC indication. Registration: URL: https://www.clinicaltrials. gov; Unique identifier: NCT03023020.
Distance between the descending aorta and the left inferior pulmonary vein as a determinant of biophysical parameters during paroxysmal atrial fibrillation cryoablation

The distance from the descending aorta (DA) to the posterior wall of the left atrium (LA) is variable. We aimed to determine whether the proximity between the DA and the left inferior pulmonary vein (LIPV) ostium has an impact on biophysical parameters and cryoballoon (CB) ablation efficacy during LIPV freezing.
Differential Risk of Cancer Associated with Glucagon-like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists: Analysis of Real-world Databases

ABSTRACT Background Glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists (GLP1Ra) are commonly used in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, differential risk of various cancers among GLP1Ra recipients is unknown. Methods We inquired an aggregated electronic health record database, Explorys, and compared the adjusted odds ratio (aOR) of cancers between GLP1Ra and metformin users. Findings were validated in the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FDA FAERS). Results From 1/2005 to 6/2019, we identified 619 340 and 64 230 patients in the metformin and GLP1Ra group, respectively. Within 5 years of starting antidiabetic medications, GLP1Ra was associated with significantly lower incident risk of prostate (aOR 0.81, p = .03), lung (aOR 0.81, p = .05), and colon cancer (aOR 0.85, p = .03), while the risk of thyroid cancer was significantly higher (aOR 1.65, p < .01). Similar findings were seen in the FDA FAERS database, where GLP1Ra was associated with lower risk of prostate (aOR 0.72, p = .08), lung (aOR 0.52, p < .01), colon cancer (aOR 0.82, p = .31), and higher risk of thyroid cancer (aOR 4.33, p < .01). In addition, with longer duration of GLP1Ra use, the risk of prostate, lung, and colon cancer further decreased, suggesting an exposure duration–response relationship. Conclusions GLP1Ra is associated with lower risks of prostate, lung, and colon cancer, but higher risk of thyroid cancer.
Relationship of Multiplex Molecular Pneumonia Panel Results With Hospital Outcomes and Clinical Variables.

Background Antibiotic treatment decisions in severely ill patients must often be made in the absence of microbiologic results. The recently Food and Drug Administration-cleared BioFire FilmArray Pneumonia Panel (PN) detects 15 bacteria semiquantitatively, 3 atypical pneumonia bacteria, 8 viruses, and 7 antimicrobial resistance markers by multiplex PCR in ~1 hour in the laboratory. Previous reports have shown that the PN Panel bacterial detections are highly accurate, even when routine culture had no growth. Methods Consecutive bronchoalveolar lavage and endotracheal specimens submitted for culture between June and September 2018 from 270 patients with sufficient clinical and laboratory data were tested with the PN Panel. Patients were divided into 3 groups: (1) both culture and PN Panel positive, (2) PN Panel positive but culture uninformative (no growth or normal flora), and (3) patients with no PN Panel detections. Results Groups 1 and 2 had significantly higher maximum temperatures on the day of culture (P = .00036, analysis of variance [ANOVA] with Bonferroni correction), higher levels of an inflammatory response as measured by percent polymorphonuclear leukocytes in bronchoalveolar lavage (P = .00025, ANOVA with Bonferroni correction), and gram stain report of white blood cells, as previously reported [1]. Conclusions Both group 1 (culture and PN Panel positive), and group 2 (PN Panel positive but culture uninformative) had higher levels of host response inflammatory responses compared with group 3, which had no targets detected, suggesting that PN Panel detections need to be interpreted in the clinical context, even if cultures are discordant. Depending on laboratory turnaround time, there could be opportunities for improved diagnosis and antibiotic stewardship.
[Mental disorders in type 2 diabetes].

OBJECTIVE To assess the prevalence of mental disorders in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) and their relationship with laboratory findings, somatic comorbidities and psychosocial consequences. MATERIAL AND METHODS In the frames of the INTERPRET-DD multicenter 200 T2DM patients from primary care (47 men and 153 women) from the Russian sample were studied. The psychometric assessment included MINI-6, HAMD-17, PHQ-9, PAID, WHO-5. RESULTS One hundred and seventeen patients (58.5%) have mental disorders. Current mental disorders were diagnosed in 93 (46.5%) of patients. Depression (depressive episode, recurrent depressive disorder, bipolar affective disorder type II) was identified in 34 (17.0%), dysthymia in 26 (13.0%), and anxiety spectrum disorders in 39 (19.5%). In about half of the cases, anxiety disorders were combined with depression. The most severe problems were observed in the patients with depression and dysthymia. Patients with social phobia had significantly higher levels of glycated hemoglobin compared to patients without mental disorders. The significant decrease of systolic arterial pressure and body mass index was observed in patients with agoraphobia compared to patients without mental disorders. In addition, there was an increased prevalence of chronic ischemic heart disease in recurrent depression, dysthymia and generalized anxiety disorder, higher prevalence of neuropathy in depressive episode and recurrent depression and nephropathy in panic disorder. CONCLUSION Depressive and anxiety disorders, as well as severe psychosocial problems, are consistently associated with T2DM. At the same time, concomitant somatic disorders and complications of DM2 are not just by chance comorbid to various forms of mental disorders, which allows for a new look at the problem of comorbidity/multimorbidity in T2DM.
The effect of biosynthesized selenium nanoparticles on the expression of CYP51A and HSP90 antifungal resistance genes in Aspergillus fumigatus and Aspergillus flavus

The application of biological nanoparticles (NPs) can be considered as a way to overcome the problem of antifungal resistance in pathogenic fungi. This study takes a new approach to biosynthesized NPs influence on the expression of CYP51A and HSP90 antifungal resistance genes in Aspergillus fumigatus and A. flavus, and comparison with antifungal agents. Selenium NPs (Se‐NPs) were biosynthesized using Aspergillus strains and their production was proved by several methods including, UV–Vis, XRD, FTIR, FESEM, and EDX techniques. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of Aspergillus strains were determined using the CLSI M38‐A2 broth microdilution method. The differences in expression levels of CYP51A and HSP90 genes were examined between untreated and treated of A. fumigatus and A. flavus using itraconazole and amphotericin B and biosynthesized Se‐NPs through real‐time PCR. After confirming the results of NPs synthesis, the MIC of itraconazole and amphotericin B against A. fumigatus and A. flavus was 4 μg/ml. Based on the real‐time PCR results, the obtained ∆∆CTs for these strains were −0.18, −1.46, and −1.14. Whereas the MIC values for treated samples with Se‐NPs have decreased to 0.5 μg/ml, and the ∆∆CTs for these were −0.25, −1.76, and −1.68. The expression of CYP51A and HSP90 genes was significantly down‐regulated through the use of Se‐NPs against A. fumigatus and A. flavus.
Impact of COVID-19 Infection on the Outcome of Patients With Ischemic Stroke

Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text. Background and Purpose: We evaluated whether stroke severity, functional outcome, and mortality are different in patients with ischemic stroke with or without coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection. Methods: A prospective, observational, multicentre cohort study in Catalonia, Spain. Recruitment was consecutive from mid-March to mid-May 2020. Patients had an acute ischemic stroke within 48 hours and a previous modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score of 0 to 3. We collected demographic data, vascular risk factors, prior mRS score, National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score, rate of reperfusion therapies, logistics, and metrics. Primary end point was functional outcome at 3 months. Favourable outcome was defined depending on the previous mRS score. Secondary outcome was mortality at 3 months. We performed mRS shift and multivariable analyses. Results: We evaluated 701 patients (mean age 72.3±13.3 years, 60.5% men) and 91 (13%) had COVID-19 infection. Median baseline National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score was higher in patients with COVID-19 compared with patients without COVID-19 (8 [3–18] versus 6 [2–14], P=0.049). Proportion of patients with a favourable functional outcome was 33.7% in the COVID-19 and 47% in the non-COVID-19 group. However, after a multivariable logistic regression analysis, COVID-19 infection did not increase the probability of unfavourable functional outcome. Mortality rate was 39.3% among patients with COVID-19 and 16.1% in the non-COVID-19 group. In the multivariable logistic regression analysis, COVID-19 infection was a risk factor for mortality (hazard ratio, 3.14 [95% CI, 2.10–4.71]; P<0.001). Conclusions: Patients with ischemic stroke and COVID-19 infection have more severe strokes and a higher mortality than patients with stroke without COVID-19 infection. However, functional outcome is comparable in both groups.
Sleep extension and metabolic health in male overweight/obese short sleepers: A randomised controlled trial

While limited evidence suggests that longer sleep durations can improve metabolic health in habitual short sleepers, there is no consensus on how sustained sleep extension can be achieved. A total of 18 men (mean [SD] age 41 [ 9] years), who were overweight/obese (mean [SD] body mass index 30 [3] kg/m2) and short sleepers at increased risk of type 2 diabetes were randomised to a 6‐week sleep‐extension programme based on cognitive behavioural principles (n = 10) or a control (n = 8) group. The primary outcome was 6‐week change in actigraphic total sleep time (TST). Fasting plasma insulin, insulin resistance (Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance [HOMA‐IR]), blood pressure, appetite‐related hormones from a mixed‐meal tolerance test, and continuous glucose levels were also measured. Baseline to 6‐week change in TST was greater in the sleep‐extension group, at 79 (95% confidence interval [CI] 68.90, 88.05) versus 6 (95% CI −4.43, 16.99) min. Change in the sleep‐extension and control groups respectively also showed: lower fasting insulin (−11.03 [95% CI −22.70, 0.65] versus 7.07 [95% CI −4.60, 18.74] pmol/L); lower systolic (−11.09 [95% CI −17.49, −4.69] versus 0.76 [95% CI −5.64, 7.15] mmHg) and diastolic blood pressure (−12.16 [95% CI −17.74, −6.59] versus 1.38 [95% CI −4.19, 6.96] mmHg); lower mean amplitude of glucose excursions (0.34 [95% CI −0.57, −0.12] versus 0.05 [95% CI −0.20, 0.30] mmol/L); lower fasting peptide YY levels (−18.25 [95%CI −41.90, 5.41] versus 21.88 [95% CI −1.78, 45.53] pg/ml), and improved HOMA‐IR (−0.51 [95% CI −0.98, −0.03] versus 0.28 [95% CI −0.20, 0.76]). Our protocol increased TST and improved markers of metabolic health in male overweight/obese short sleepers.
Tuberculosis detection in chest X-ray using Mayfly-algorithm optimized dual-deep-learning features.

World-Health-Organization (WHO) has listed Tuberculosis (TB) as one among the top 10 reasons for death and an early diagnosis will help to cure the patient by giving suitable treatment. TB usually affects the lungs and an accurate bio-imaging scheme will be apt to diagnose the infection. This research aims to implement an automated scheme to detect TB infection in chest radiographs (X-ray) using a chosen Deep-Learning (DL) approach. The primary objective of the proposed scheme is to attain better classification accuracy while detecting TB in X-ray images. The proposed scheme consists of the following phases namely, (1) image collection and pre-processing, (2) feature extraction with pre-trained VGG16 and VGG19, (3) Mayfly-algorithm (MA) based optimal feature selection, (4) serial feature concatenation and (5) binary classification with a 5-fold cross validation. In this work, the performance of the proposed DL scheme is separately validated for (1) VGG16 with conventional features, (2) VGG19 with conventional features, (3) VGG16 with optimal features, (4) VGG19 with optimal features and (5) concatenated dual-deep-features (DDF). All experimental investigations are conducted and achieved using MATLAB® program. Experimental outcome confirms that the proposed system with DDF yields a classification accuracy of 97.8%using a K Nearest-Neighbor (KNN) classifier.
Change in Caregivers’ Attitudes and Use of Corporal Punishment Following a Legal Ban: A Multi-Country Longitudinal Comparison

We examined whether a policy banning corporal punishment enacted in Kenya in 2010 is associated with changes in Kenyan caregivers’ use of corporal punishment and beliefs in its effectiveness and normativeness, and compared to caregivers in six countries without bans in the same period. Using a longitudinal study with six waves of panel data (2008–2016), mothers (N = 1086) in Colombia, Italy, Jordan, Kenya, Philippines, Thailand, and United States reported household use of corporal punishment and beliefs about its effectiveness and normativeness. Random intercept models and multi-group piecewise growth curve models indicated that the proportion of corporal punishment behaviors used by the Kenyan caregivers decreased post-ban at a significantly different rate compared to the caregivers in other countries in the same period. Beliefs of effectiveness of corporal punishment were declining among the caregivers in all sites, whereas the Kenyan mothers reported increasing perceptions of normativeness of corporal punishment post-ban, different from the other sites. While other contributing factors cannot be ruled out, our natural experiment suggests that corporal punishment decreased after a national ban, a shift that was not evident in sites without bans in the same period.
Obstacle Avoidance and Dual-Tasking During Reaching While Standing in Patients With Mild Chronic Stroke

Background. Poststroke individuals use their paretic arms less often than expected in daily life situations, even when motor recovery is scored highly in clinical tests. Real-world environments are often unpredictable and require the ability to multitask and make decisions about rapid and accurate arm movement adjustments. Objective. To identify whether and to what extent cognitive–motor deficits in well-recovered individuals with stroke affect the ability to rapidly adapt reaching movements in changing cognitive and environmental conditions. Methods. Thirteen individuals with mild stroke and 11 healthy controls performed an obstacle avoidance task in a virtual environment while standing. Subjects reached for a virtual juice bottle with their hemiparetic arm as quickly as possible under single- and dual-task conditions. In the single-task condition, a sliding glass door partially obstructed the reaching path of the paretic arm. A successful trial was counted when the subject touched the bottle without the hand colliding with the door. In the dual-task condition, subjects repeated the same task while performing an auditory–verbal working memory task. Results. Individuals with stroke had significantly lower success rates than controls in avoiding the moving door in single-task (stroke: 51.8 ± 21.2%, control: 70.6 ± 12.7%; P = .018) and dual-task conditions (stroke: 40.0 ± 27.6%, control: 65.3 ± 20.0%; P = .015). Endpoint speed was lower in stroke subjects for successful trials in both conditions. Obstacle avoidance deficits were exacerbated by increased cognitive demands in both groups. Individuals reporting greater confidence using their hemiparetic arm had higher success rates. Conclusion. Clinically well-recovered individuals with stroke may have persistent deficits performing a complex reaching task.
Neighborhoods, Racism, Stress, and Preterm Birth Among African American Women: A Review

African American women are more likely to experience preterm birth (<37 completed weeks gestation) compared with White women. African American women are also more likely to live in neighborhoods characterized as disadvantaged (i.e., exhibiting higher rates of vacant housing, poorer property conditions, and more litter and crime) and to experience racial discrimination compared with White women. These chronic stressors have been related to preterm birth (PTB) among African American women. This review focuses on potential stress-related pathways by which neighborhood disadvantage and racial discrimination increase the risk for PTB among African American women. Specifically, we propose cortisol, systemic inflammation, proteome and lipidome profiles, and telomere shortening as potential mediators linking these social determinants of health with PTB among African American women. Examination of these factors and the signaling pathways they contribute to will increase our knowledge of the effects of social determinants of health on PTB for African American women.
Organic Nitrogen Source Addition for Improving the Physicochemical Properties of Sandy Loam Soil and Maize Performance

ABSTRACT Poor quality of sandy loam soils is the main reason for low crop yield. Improvement of physicochemical properties of these soils is very challenging. Addition of organic sources may improve the soil properties. Therefore, this study investigated the adequacy of poultry-manure-compost (PMC) and pressmud-compost (PrMC) at 0 (control), 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 t ha−1 for improving the physicochemical properties of sandy loam soil and maize performance. An increasing trend in most soil and crop traits was seen with increasing compost levels. For 10 t PMC ha−1, soil inorganic-N (512%), organic-carbon (78%), and water-holding capacity (65.36%) improved maximum. This resulted in the maximum mean crop growth rate (43.85%), stover yield (94%), grain protein (21%), and nitrogen use efficiency (30.6 kg kg−1). Contrarily, grain oil (−7%) was lowest at 10 t PMC ha−1. Consequently, 10 t PMC ha−1 could be much effective to improve the physicochemical properties of sandy loam soils and maize performance.
Topic-Guided Abstractive Text Summarization: a Joint Learning Approach

We introduce a new approach for abstractive text summarization, Topic-Guided Abstractive Summarization, which calibrates long-range dependencies from topic-level features with globally salient content. The idea is to incorporate neural topic modeling with a Transformer-based sequence-to-sequence (seq2seq) model in a joint learning framework. This design can learn and preserve the global semantics of the document, which can provide additional contextual guidance for capturing important ideas of the document, thereby enhancing the generation of summary. We conduct extensive experiments on two datasets and the results show that our proposed model outperforms many extractive and abstractive systems in terms of both ROUGE measurements and human evaluation. Our code is available at: https://github.com/chz816/tas.
BanglaBERT: Combating Embedding Barrier in Multilingual Models for Low-Resource Language Understanding

In this paper, we introduce “Embedding Bar-rier”, a phenomenon that limits the monolingual performance of multilingual models on low-resource languages having unique typologies. We build ‘BanglaBERT’, a Bangla language model pretrained on 18.6 GB Internet-crawled data and benchmark on ﬁve standard NLU tasks. We discover a signiﬁ-cant drop in the performance of the state-of-the-art multilingual model (XLM-R) from BanglaBERT and attribute this to the Embed-ding Barrier through comprehensive experiments. We identify that a multilingual model’s performance on a low-resource language is hurt when its writing script is not similar to any of the high-resource languages. To tackle the barrier, we propose a straightforward so-lution by transcribing languages to a common script, which can effectively improve the performance of a multilingual model for the Bangla language. As a bi-product of the standard NLU benchmarks, we introduce a new downstream dataset on natural language inference (NLI) and show that BanglaBERT out-performs previous state-of-the-art results on all tasks by up to 3.5%. We are making the BanglaBERT language model and the new Bangla NLI dataset publicly available in the hope of advancing the community. The resources can be found at https://github. com/csebuetnlp/banglabert .
A New Insight on Augmented Lagrangian Method and Its Extensions

Motivated by the recent work [He-Yuan, Balanced Augmented Lagrangian Method for Convex Programming, arXiv: 2108.08554v1, (2021)], a novel Augmented Lagrangian Method (ALM) has been proposed for solving a family of convex optimization problem subject to equality or inequality constraint. This new method is then extended to solve the multi-block separable convex optimization problem, and two related primal-dual hybrid gradient algorithms are also discussed. Preliminary and some new convergence results are established with the aid of variational analysis for both the saddle point of the problem and the first-order optimality conditions of involved subproblems.