Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Meatiness and fatness traits of Polish Large White and Polish Landrace pigs differing in fattening traits.

rate of growth and feed conversion during the fattening period were studied in relation to carcass meatiness and fatness traits such as fat area over loin eye, loin eye area, fat to muscle ratio, carcass meat percentage, mean backfat thickness from 5 measurements, backfat thickness over shoulder, and backfat thickness over loin eye. The present study showed a low relationship between the analysed fattening traits and carcass slaughter parameters, with low coefficients of correlation. Breeding programmes aimed at improving growth rate and increasing feed conversion (kg feed/kg gain) may lead to decreased meat content and increased carcass fatness. compared to Polish landrace pigs, Polish large White pigs are characterized by greater variation of carcass meatiness and fatness traits.
Demand Forecasting for Multigenerational Product Combining Discrete Choice and Dynamics of Diffusion Under Technological Trajectories

The discrete choice model generally captures consumers’ valuation of the product’s quality within the framework of a cross-sectional analysis, while the diffusion model captures the dynamics of demand within the framework of a time-series analysis. We propose an adjusted discrete choice model that incorporates the choice behavior of the consumer into the dynamics of product diffusion. In addition, a new estimation structure is proposed, within the framework of the time-series analysis, which enables the estimation of the discrete choice model on market-level data to be performed in such a way as to avoid the problem of price endogeneity and to obtain greater flexibility in forecasting demand. As an empirical application, the suggested model is applied to the case of the worldwide DRAM (dynamic random access memory) market. In forecasting future demand of DRAM generations, we integrate Moore’s law and learning by doing to reflect the future technological trajectories of DRAM innovations, as well as consumers’ consumption trends to reflect the dynamics of demand environments. As a result, the suggested model shows better performance in explaining the diffusion of new-generation product with limited number of data observations.
Predicting the Adoption of Wearable Health Tracking Devices: An Application of Diffusion of Innovation Theory

This study applied Everett Rogers‘ innovation diffusion model to analyze the perceptions of customers in Turkish market toward using and adopting wearable technology. 210 voluntarily responses were collected via Likert type online designed questionnaire. Data were analyzed by SPSS version 24 and AMOS version 23, through confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and structural equation model (SEM). Basically, five hypotheses were investigated. It is assumed there are positive relationships between the dependent variable (The Adoption) and the other four independent variables (Relative advantage, Compatibility, Trialability and Observability). However, just one of the independent variable (Complexity) considered having a negative relationship with the Adoption. This study is a try to foresee whether the adoption of wearable health tracking devices is going to become a trend in the chosen market. Moreover, the finding was surprising and interesting comparing with previous studies. Where it revealed acceptance for two hypotheses and rejecting the rest, the supported factors were compatibility and complexity‘s impact on adoption. Compatibility was confirmed to have a positive effect over the adoption, which reflects the importance of wearable health tracking devices (HTD) to be compatible with lifestyle, beliefs and values to Turkish market. Meanwhile, complexity was supported by having a negative effect on the adoption. In other words, simplicity is considered by Turkish market as a sensitive and critical point in term of use of wearables. In this study, the rejected factors are Relative advantage, Trialability and Observability. It is really essential for the results , to be understood while considering the market that has been studied, for example, wearable HTD in Turkish market is still considered young. Therefore, customers might not even think of trying it. Add to that, the benefits might not be clear enough to the target customers or they are not able to see and understand those benefits for some reasons, thus, it is very critical to explain the advantages that are the user is going to gain by adopting such devices.
Spermiogenesis in Laccifer lacca (Kerr) (Lacciferidae-Coccoidea)

Spermatids of Laccifer lacca are binucleate to start with, but become quadrinucleate due to the fusion of sister cells.Of the four nuclei two are euchromatic and the other two are heterochromatic in nature. In the course of development each euchromatic nuclei develops a nuclear outgrowth by the elongation while the heterochromatic pair disintegrates taking no part in sperm formation. This results in the suppression of sperm formation in half of the gametic nuclei.The elongated euchromatic nucleus eventually transforms itself into the core of the sperm without rejecting any nuclear part. Thus each cyst carries within it 32 sperms in the form of a bundle which at a subsequent stage of development splits into two subunits carrying 16 sperms each. The sperms are thin and thread-like ard are compactly arranged inside the bundle.
Inventories and the Role of Goods-Market Frictions for Business Cycles

Investment in inventories is known to be important for observed changes in GDP. However, inventory investment and the possibility that firms may fail to sell all goods are typically ignored in business cycle models. Using US data, the ability to sell is shown to be strongly procyclical. By including both a goods-market friction and a standard labor-market search friction, the model developed here can --- in principal --- substantially magnify and propagate shocks, even when prices and wages are not sticky. Despite its simplicity, the model can also replicate key inventory facts. However, when these inventory facts are used to discipline the choice of parameter values, then the analysis indicates that the quantitative importance of goods-market frictions is not that large, at least not in this type of model without sticky prices and wages.
Reviewing the Oil Price - GDP Growth Relationship: A Replication Study

This paper presents a thorough replication of Hamilton (2003) which in turn replicates and extends the findings of four seminal papers regarding the oil price–GDP growth relationship. Firstly, we replicate the empirical results obtained with the oil price measures of Hamilton (1983), Mork (1989), Lee et al. (1995), Hamilton (1996), and Hamilton (2003) by using an identical data set of real and nominal oil prices. Secondly, we extend the data sets to 2019Q4 and apply the same methodology. We find that for more recent data the explanatory power of the proposed oil price measures on GDP growth rates is still present, albeit on a slightly weaker magnitude. Extending the ARX(4), we only find little evidence that oil price decreases impact GDP growth rates on the full data set. Parameter stability tests suggest that the impact of oil price decreases might be limited to certain periods.
Efeito da monensina sódica sobre a produção e composição do leite, a produção de mozzarela e o escore de condição corporal de búfalas Murrah

The effect of monensin on milk production, milk composition and body condition score of buffaloes cows in early lactation was evaluated. Twenty four Murrah buffalo cows were submitted to two treatments T1 (0 mg of monensin/buffalo cow/day) T2 (300 mg of monensin/buffalo cow/day) evaluated during the 150 first days of lactation. The total ration was composed by sorghum silage, elephant grass, and concentrate. The effect of monensin on milk production, milk composition and body condition score of buffaloes cows in early lactation was evaluated. Weekly, data on milk production recorde, and milk samples were collected, for determination of protein, fat and total solids analysis were measured. The buffaloes cows were also evaluated for live weight and the body condition score. Mozzarela production, milk production (total and daily mean), milk production corrected for 270 days of lactation, protein and fat productions and protein: fat ratio were recorded. A completely randomized experimental design was used. There was no differences between treatments for daily milk and for total milk production corrected for 270 days, milk production at the peak of lactation, mozzarela production, protein and total solids percentage, protein:fat ratio, live weight and body condition score. Monensin influenced positively, with differences between treatments for daily protein (T1 = 147.10 g, T2 = 162.07 g) and fat production, (T1 = 226.90 g, T2 = 259.62 g) and fat percentage (T1 = 5.41%, T2 = 5.84%).
Does Independent Director's Monitoring Affect Reputation? Evidence from Stock and Labor Markets

Using novel data on independent directors’ opinions in China, we investigate the stock and labor market effects prompted by independent directors publicly saying ‘no’ to major board decisions. We find that the market reacts negatively to modified directors’ opinions, but positively toward the firms interlocked with the directors who said ‘no’. We further find substantial turnover and decline in board seats after independent directors issue modified opinions. Overall, we identify a dilemma in China whereby the labor market does not reward vigilant directors who have stood up to firm insiders, even though investors add a premium to effective board monitoring.
Effect of Amino Acid Deficiencies on Yolk:Albumen Ratio in Hen Eggs

Abstract Egg breaking companies market egg yolk and albumen rather than whole, intact eggs. For these firms, the proportion of yolk to albumen (Y:A) in eggs is of importance. Y:A ratio was measured in eggs laid by Arbor Acres broiler breeders and Hy-Line W36® commercial laying hens fed diets deficient in certain amino acids. Each breed was fed a diet adequate and one deficient in Methionine (Met), Tryptophan (Trp), or Lysine (Lys). Feeding each of the deficient diets failed to alter the Y:A ratio except in the Hy-Line W36® hens fed the Met-deficient diet in Experiment 1 and the Trp-deficient diet. Therefore, lowering the level of amino acids to reduce egg weight should not affect the Y:A ratio. The Y:A ratio was greater (more yolk) in eggs laid by broiler breeders than in eggs laid by the commercial layers.
Banks and Natural Disasters

Natural disasters are not rare and costless events. Indeed, the evidence indicates there has been an acceleration in the number of disasters and the associated costs over the past century. Such disasters can cause severe property damage in the communities affected. Typically, insurance policies and government disaster relief fail to cover the full amount of damages. In this case, banks can play an important supporting role in providing additional funding for the necessary reconstruction that takes place after disasters. We provide evidence that following natural disasters, banks with branches in the affected areas raise both deposit and loan rates, but the latter more than the former so that net interest margin increases. This, in turn, leads to an increase in return on assets for such banks, but not sufficiently large enough to indicate profiteering. At the same time, banks increase the use of brokered deposits after natural disasters to help fund the increased demand for loans by individuals and firms in affected communities. Thus banks located in the disaster-prone areas contribute to helping communities recover from natural disasters.
The Ecology of Uniola paniculata L. in the Dune‐Strand Habitat of North Carolina

INTRODUCTION Sinee the turn of the century interest in salnd luItes and their vegetation has been centered about four ia~joi areas: the vegetation and flora, the comnlarviative anatomny of some of the dune species, the phvsiography of the dunes, and environmental factors hi relation to the vegetation. A significant body of wNork seeiiis to have been triggered by a classic paper MI t\o in elach area. One such study was by Kearney (1900) oii the vegetation of Ocracoke Island. Sevenrtl papei s followed dealing with strand and dune v-egetatioii iii Ahlabaia (Mohr 1901), Mississippi and LoliSiana ('Lloyd & Tracy 1901), Delaware (Snow 1902), NewN Jersey (Harshberger 1900), South Carolitia ((oker 1905), Florida (Millspaugh 1907), Maryland (Shieve 1910), and California (Raimaley 1918), to cite justa few. In these early papers habitat deS(Ii1)tiofls were coupled with species lists usually with soMIW . 8ttelIi)t to group the plants into conmmunities o' "it least by Zones. Concurrent with these early e(tifoitt, to (describe the composition and structure of tle (lille-strand vegetation was a series of studies of the ;il a)to1ii of various dune plants attempting to ililt(elI)et tbe iole of the special dune environment in Mi dini i n e t eita in xeronmorphic, features. Chrysler (1904), tble prolifie Harshberger (190S, 1909) and P'urier (19:-,6) typify this approach to the problem of (lulle vegetation versus dune environment. TI'he pliysiographbi ap)proach to the problems of dUleS and their vegetation seems; to have started with ('owles' remiiarkable work on the Lalke Michigan dunes (1899). Other examples of this approach are OlssonSeffer (1909), Salisbury (1922), and more recently Olson (1958). In the years since World War II there has been a great blossonming of interest in Great Britain in this physiographic aspect with such studies as Ranwell (1958, 1959), Willis & Yeiniii (1961), Wilson (1960) and mtiany others. An example of the environmental approach is the group of papers dealing with salt spray, its nature and effects starting with Wells & Shunk (1938), and later Oosting & Billings (1942), the excellent a8ward-winning research on the salt spray community by Boyce (1954), and the studies of Tsuda (1961) in Japan. Only some of the highlights of dune research have been cited here and grouped to indicate the more obvious trends. Conspicuously missing from this rather impressive body of research have been studies of individual components of the dune vegetation and their relationship to the whole. A few papers dealing with certain aspects of the ecology of Ammophila arenaria (L.) Link in Great Britain have been published by Greig-Smith, Gemniell & Giimiinghami (1947), Gemmnell, Greig-Smith & Gimingham (1953), and Greig-Sinith (1961) and in this country a more comprehensive study of the closely related Am mo)hila )reiriligulata Fern. (Laing 1958). These studies apparently represent the current level of research on autecology of the dune-strand flora, a rather surprising state of affairs considering the accessibility of the dunes of this country and the conspicuous
Will Automated Trucks Trigger the Blame Game and Socially Amplify Risks?

This study explores how US car drivers respond to a hypothetical but plausible news story about an incident involving an automated truck. We also evaluate the degree to which drivers intend to communicate risk perception through word of mouth and social media. Although industry expects automated trucks to increase safety, lower energy consumption, and alleviate transportation bottlenecks, prior studies of public perception of automated trucks have identified concerns about safety and job losses. We employed a between-subjects experiment to evaluate both the perception of risk and blame and the intent to communicate concerns by word of mouth and social media. Participants were exposed to a hypothetical news story regarding an automated truck accident without including cues on fault. The appearance of the truck was varied between experiment conditions, testing both human-driven and automated trucks. While we successfully manipulated perceptions of the design of the truck using several areas of literature, we did not find distinct risk and communication responses between different designs of the truck. We did find substantial differences in risk perception, blame, and intent to communicate risk between a human-driven and automated truck in an otherwise identical scenario.
The Peter Pan Syndrome: Does Public Support Make Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises Reluctant to Grow?

This paper investigates whether public support for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) creates incentives for their reluctance to grow. Our main hypothesis is that SMEs have an incentive to hinder their growth as they approach SME eligibility thresholds beyond which public support ceases. We call this growth-averse behavior of SMEs the Peter Pan Syndrome. By analyzing a unique Korean Innovation Survey (KIS) dataset, we find that SMEs indeed exhibit the Peter Pan Syndrome and that the Peter Pan Syndrome intensifies as SMEs grow closer to the employment-size-contingent SME eligibility threshold and as they receive more public support. We also find that the likelihood of the Peter Pan Syndrome is conditioned by both firm- and industry-specific characteristics: The Peter Pan Syndrome is more likely for SMEs with low technological competence and for SMEs with low profitability. It is also more likely for SMEs operating in more competitive and less profitable industries.
The Influence of Coupon Duration on Consumers’ Redemption Behavior and Brand Profitability

This research proposes an analytical model of the joint optimization of coupon face value and duration together with the product price, and determines the impact of coupon design on consumers’ redemption behavior. A model of rational forward-looking consumers’ redemption behavior is derived that incorporates forgetting (to redeem) and stochastic redemption costs. Results show that when product price is exogenous, long-duration coupons may result in increased seller profits and always increase consumer surplus. Moreover, a one-period coupon is never optimal when (1) the difference in valuations for high-value (loyal) and low-value (non-loyal) consumers or (2) the coupon face value is larger than the redemption costs of high-value consumers. Long-duration coupons tend to be optimal when the level of recall of high-value consumers is sufficiently low, which reduces redemption by high-value consumers. Coupon duration together with face value plays an important role in coupons’ ability to price discriminate between different consumer segments and to avoid head-on competition with other sellers. Results can replicate empirically observed redemption patterns, which has important implications for the strategic targeting of coupons to different consumer segments. A coupon may result in an increase or decrease in price. When the difference in valuation between high-value and low-value consumers is high (relative to the redemption costs), a seller can either reduce price and lower face value or increase coupon duration for the purpose of avoiding redemption by high-value consumers.
Public News and Market Liquidity: Evidence from the CDS Market

This paper examines the effects of public news releases on the market liquidity in one of the most important OTC derivatives markets — the CDS market. We document that, at the time of news releases, the bid-ask spread is wider, the number of quotes is larger, and the number of dealers is greater. Earnings announcements have particularly strong effects on liquidity while news related to credit ratings has no significant effects. Moreover, the bid-ask spread only increases on news release days and reverts to normal levels several days after news releases. Finally, the effect of news on liquidity is stronger for negative, fundamental, and unscheduled news, and is more pronounced among firms with higher information asymmetry. Our findings are consistent with models of rational trade in Kim and Verrecchia (1994).
PACs and Super PACs: Measuring the Changing Nature of Corruption Behavior

Corruption behavior has been notoriously difficult to observe despite its illegal nature and importance to firms and society both economically and politically. Frequently, in empirical research, proxies for corruption are generated. A popular proxy used, as in Smith (2016), is corruption convictions. This study extends Smith’s analysis by examining data from 1998-2016, applying Smith’s shielding and liquidity hypotheses to the current study. This study finds with an updated dataset that the shielding hypothesis is supported; however, corruption convictions do not exhibit significance in the regression model. This study discusses the implications of the latter result and underscores the need for future research and more comprehensive models to examine corruption
Highly Cited Leaders and the Performance of Research Universities

There is a large literature on the productivity of universities. Little is known, however, about how different types of leader affect a university’s later performance. To address this, I blend quantitative and qualitative evidence. By constructing a new longitudinal dataset, I find that on average the research quality of a university improves some years after it appoints a president (vice chancellor) who is an accomplished scholar. To try to explain why scholar-leaders might improve the research performance of their institutions, I draw from interview data with twenty-six heads in universities in the United States and United Kingdom. The findings have policy implications for governments, universities, and a range of research and knowledge-intensive organizations.
Seasonal Patterns of Abundance of Tundra Arthropods near Barrow

Arthropods active on the surface of the tundra near Barrow, Alaska, were trapped throughout four summer seasons (1966-1969), using "sticky-board" traps. More than 95% of the arthropods (excluding Acarina and Collembola) captured were of the order Diptera. Adults of most species of Diptera emerged in the middle two weeks of July; the abundance of arthropods on the tundra surface was maximal at that time. Year-to-year variations in abundance of various arthropod taxa are related to prevailing weather conditions and to the cycle of tundra disturbance and recovery associated with the abundance of brown lemmings.
Capital Market Financing, Firm Growth, Firm Size Distribution

Which firms issue equity and debt in domestic and international markets and what happens to their assets, sales, and number of employees? To answer these questions, we assemble a new dataset on firm-level capital raising activity during 1991-2011, which we match with firm attributes for 45,527 listed firms from 51 economies during 2003-2011. We find that only a few of the largest firms issue securities in the median country. Firms issuing bonds are even larger than those issuing equity. Moreover, issuers grow much faster than non-issuers, particularly (a) during the year of issuance, (b) among smaller and younger firms, and (c) in countries with market-based financial systems. Furthermore, the firm size distribution (FSD) of issuers behaves differently from that of non-issuers. Among issuers, smaller firms grow faster than larger ones, tightening their FSD; but among non-issuers, larger firms grow faster than smaller ones, widening their FSD.