Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Relationships between nicotine craving, orexin-leptin levels and temperament character traits among non-treatment seeking health professionals

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Repeated cigarette use in individuals generally occurs due to the craving for smoking. Orexin-leptin hormones and temperament character traits are thought to be important factors affecting nicotine craving. OBJECTIVE: The aims of this study were to determine orexin-leptin blood levels, which appear in nicotine deprivation, in health professionals who were diagnosed as having tobacco use disorder in accordance with the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-V) and to assess the temperament-character traits of the same group and to provide biologic and psychotherapeutic data for the treatment of tobacco abuse. METHODS: The study sample consisted of faculty of medicine students and resident physicians who were smokers (n = 40). The control group comprised medical students and resident physicians who were non-smokers (n = 40). The Sociodemographic and Clinical Information Form, DSM-IV SCID-I Clinical Version, and Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI) were applied to both groups. Substance Craving Scale (SCS) and Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence were applied only smoking group. Blood samples were taken for plasma orexin and serum leptin levels for both groups. RESULTS: The plasma orexin levels were lower in the smokers group (p < .001). No statistically significant relations were determined between the SCS and plasma orexin and serum leptin levels in the smoking group. No significant differences were determined between the leptin (U = 119.5, p = .33) and orexin (U = 99, p = .11) levels of the heavy and very heavy smokers. The total points of novelty seeking (NS), and NS3 and NS4 subscale points in the TCI of the smoking group (p = .003, p = .003, p = .002), and the self-directedness (SD) SD2 and SD5 (p = .02, p = .01) subscale points, and total cooperativeness points (TC), and C4 and C5 subscale points (p = .001, p = .002, p = .001) of the non-smoking group were found as high. CONCLUSIONS/IMPORTANCE: Differences were detected between the smokers and non-smokers in TCI scale subgroups and in terms of orexin levels. These results will greatly assist in the fight against craving that appears as a result of smoking cessation. Orexin appears to be more specific for nicotine craving than leptin. It seems more likely that the quest for the treatment of craving will continue through orexin. Temperament and personality traits are important for determining psychotherapeutic and supportive approaches to the release of tobacco and tobacco products. A number of studies investigating monoaminergic mechanisms indirectly related to orexin and leptin are required to research temperament, which has a greater genetic burden.
Prevalence of rotavirus diarrhoea among children under five years in Kaduna state, Nigeria

Rotavirus (RV) is a major etiological agent of acute infantile gastroenteritis and is associated with 20%-25% of diarrhoea cases in infants. Nigeria continues to be among the first five countries with greatest number of RV disease associated deaths per year. From September 2013-August 2014, 467 stool samples were collected from children under 5 years of age in Kaduna State, Nigeria and analysed for RV antigen using ELISA. An overall RV prevalence of 31.0% (143/467) was obtained with the infection occurring throughout the study period. Children from Kachia LGA had the highest prevalence of 53.8% (28/52), while children from Kagarko LGA had the lowest prevalence of 21.0% (10/74). The difference was significant (P=0.019). Highest prevalence of RV was recorded in March (75.0%:3/4) and the least in July (11.5%:3/26) with significant difference (P=0.003). Female children had highest prevalence of 32.1% (79/246) compared to male children (29.9%:66/221) with a non-significance difference (P=0.530). Children within 25-36 months had the highest prevalence of 36.4% (28/77), while children 49-60 months had the lowest prevalence of 17.6% (6/34) with no significant difference (P=0.517). The difference observed was not significant (P=0.477). The result showed no significant difference between the presence of RV infection with vomiting, fever, dehydration (P>0.05). The study has revealed that rotavirus remains an important cause of acute diarrhoea in children under five years in Kaduna State, Nigeria. Hence the need for the implemention of the vaccines into the childhood immunization programme in the country. Key words: Prevalence, Rotavirus, Children, Kaduna State, Nigeria
New model for diabetes primary health care based on patient empowerment and the right to preventive health: the MIDE program

ABSTRACT Objective. To evaluate Mexico’s national Integrated Management of Diabetes in Stages (Manejo Integral de la Diabetes por Etapas, MIDE) program using three types of indicators: process, structure, and impact. Methods. A cross-sectional study was conducted using data for 97 452 people with diabetes (PWD) who participated in the MIDE patient empowerment program (PEP) at “MIDE modules” (standardized diabetes health care units) at Mexico’s Institute for Social Security and Services for State Workers (Instituto de Seguridad y Servicios Sociales de los Trabajadores del Estado, ISSSTE) hospital clinics and family medical clinics nationwide between 2007 and 2014. The program promotes diabetes patient empowerment and self-care through outpatient consultations with a multidisciplinary health care team supported by continuous training. Baseline data were compared with results post-program for the following indicators: process (metabolic control (MetC), based on glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), triglyceride (TG), and total cholesterol (TC) levels); structure (number of MIDE modules installed at ISSSTE clinics and number of patients/health personnel accredited as diabetes experts/awarded diplomas); and impact (average number of patient illness days (IDs) and hospitalization episodes (HEs) per PWD over a 12-month period). Results. Over the seven-year study period, the proportion of patients with MetC (HbA1c < 7.0%, TG < 150 mg/dL, and TC < 200 mg/dL) increased significantly (from 35.4% to 60% (with a peak level of 62% in 2013); P < 0.001); average HbA1c, triglycerides, and total cholesterol per PWD dropped by 25%, 31%, and 11% respectively; average number of IDs and HEs per PWD over a 12-month period dropped by 38% and 41% respectively; a total of 140 MIDE modules were installed at ISSSTE clinics; and a total of 1 117 diplomas were awarded to 826 health professionals, and 2 613 PWD were accredited as “patient experts in diabetes. ” Conclusions. The MIDE PEP is feasible, usable, and acceptable to PWD. The program improves MetC; reduces the frequency of IDs and HEs; and facilitates patient participation, the involvement of health personnel, and shared decision-making.
Supply Chain Performance measurement and productivity in Educational Career Assistance (Career Development of Educational Personnel in Jambi University)

Human resource management for the supply chains is recognized increasingly important for its role to fulfill the demands of work or position as a result of advances in science and technology and increasingly intense competition among similar organizations or institutions. Each employee is required to be able to work effectively and efficiently in completing work, and is able to show the quality and quantity of good work in order to develop the competitiveness of the organization. With regard to the issue, this study was carried out by using a quantitative associative approach with survey methods and applied path analysis and regression technique to test the directly and indirectly effect on each research variable. Furthermore, this study involved educational staff of Jambi University as the respondents of the study in human resource management. Based on the research approach, it was expected to produce a career development model to support the performance in giving excellent service to the community in Jambi University. The result of the study noted and emphasized that there was the effect of working climate on organizational culture as 11.3, working motivation on organizational culture as 12.4, working climate on career development as 41.7, working motivation for career development as 15.4, organizational culture on career development as 12.6, working climate on career development through organizational culture as 43.8, and working motivation on career development through organizational culture as 20.8. The result indicated that to increase working climate, working motivation and supply chai management should be increased, too. In other words, to improve career development, it can be achieved by improving the variables of those three variables; working climate, working motivation, and organizational culture.
A Hierarchical Clustering Approach to Fuzzy Semantic Representation of Rare Words in Neural Machine Translation

Rare words are usually replaced with a single <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$< $</tex-math></inline-formula><inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$unk$</tex-math></inline-formula><inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$>$</tex-math></inline-formula> token in the current encoder–decoder style of neural machine translation, challenging the translation modeling by an obscured context. In this article, we propose to build a fuzzy semantic representation (FSR) method for rare words through a hierarchical clustering method to group rare words together, and integrate it into the encoder–decoder framework. This hierarchical structure can compensate for the semantic information in both source and target sides, and providing fuzzy context information to capture the semantic of rare words. The introduced FSR can also alleviate the data sparseness, which is the bottleneck in dealing with rare words in neural machine translation. In particular, our method is easily extended to the transformer-based neural machine translation model and learns the FSRs of all in-vocabulary words to enhance the sentence representations in addition to rare words. Our experiments on Chinese-to-English translation tasks confirm a significant improvement in the translation quality brought by the proposed method.
The Influence of Parenting Style and Peers Group on Self-Efficacy and its Implications for Self-Regulated Learning

This study aims at obtaining the evidences about the influences of parenting style and peers group on self-efficacy and its implications for selfregulated learning. The approach used in this research is quantitative. This research was conducted in senior high schools in Purwakarta. The method of data collection applied was a survey method using questionnaires. The questionnaire consisted of 47 statements and every statement have 4 choices. All the statements in questionnaire are valid and reliable to be tested. This research used simple random sampling technique so that 100 respondents are obtained. All the data were analyzed using path analysis. The data will be processed using the SPSS. The results of the analysis show that the parenting style and the peers group have positive effects on improving the self-efficacy. In addition both parenting style and peers group have a positive effect on improving self-efficacy and implications for self-regulated learning.
Associations between Family Structure, Parental Monitoring and Marijuana Use among Adolescents in Jamaica: Findings from Nationally Representative Data

Objective: Marijuana misuse by adolescents is a social and public mental health problem in Jamaica and globally. Research has suggested that family structure is one of the factors that influences adolescents’ consumption of marijuana. This study was undertaken to determine if family structure and parental monitoring had any association with marijuana use among adolescents in Jamaica. Methods: Data from a nationally representative sample collected in Jamaica’s National Secondary School Survey 2013 were analysed. The study sample consisted of 3365 grades 8–12 students from 38 secondary schools. Descriptive and inferential statistics were computed using PSPP software. Results: A significantly higher proportion of male (24.4%) than female (16.9%) adolescents reported lifetime use of marijuana. There was no significant difference in the proportions of male and female adolescents regarding marijuana use over the past one year (15.5% versus 10.4%) or over the past 30 days (8.7% versus 5.4%). There were significant differences in lifetime use of marijuana among adolescents from different family structures (Chi-square = 442.63, p = 0.00). The differences were not between one-parent families and two-parent families. Parental monitoring of adolescents’ school work was strongly protective against lifetime marijuana use. Adolescents whose parents paid attention very closely (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]: 0.34; 95% confidence intervals [95% CI]: 0.22, 0.52), closely (AOR: 0.49; 95% CI: 0.32, 0.99) and somewhat closely (AOR: 0.63; 95% CI: 0.41, 0.99) to what they did at school were all significantly less likely to have ever used marijuana. Conclusion: Lifetime marijuana use among adolescents was associated with family structure but not from the perspective of one-parent families versus two-parent families. Parental monitoring of adolescents’ school activities significantly protected against lifetime use of marijuana.
Molecular Characterization of Escherichia Coli Isolates from Food Animals

The present study was carried out for isolation and molecular characterization of Escherichia coli from faecal and meat samples of food animals viz. cattle, pigs and poultry. A total of 66 E. coli isolates were recovered from 420 samples of different food animals and further confirmed by PCR targeting E. coli specific uidA gene. These isolates were sensitive to chloramphenicol and ciprofloxacin and resistant to ampicillin and cloxacillin. Out of 66 isolates, 42 were typed into 13 different ‘O’ serogroups, 13 untypable and remaining 11 were identified as rough. Serogroup O84, O101, O118, O120 and O147 were predominant and serogroup O118 was found to be common in the samples of all 3 species of food animals. Five (7.57%) and 3 (4.54%) of E. coli isolates were found to harbor virulent genes, stx2 and est, respectively. Twenty representative E. coli isolates selected randomly from 20 different locations were subjected to molecular typing by PCR targeting Repetitive Extragenic Palindromic (REP) sequences. The region specific molecular types of E. coli could not be detected by using REP-PCR based discrimination.
Has the Global Financial Crisis Changed the Market Response to Credit Ratings? Evidence from an Emerging Market

This article analyses the differential market response to credit rating revisions in the pre- and post-global financial crisis (GFC) period using data from India. By reviewing the stock price reaction to the announcement of long-term rating changes during the period 1996–2015, the study finds evidence that the stock price reacted less to rating announcements after the GFC of 2008. However, the difference in the cumulative abnormal returns before the GFC and after the GFC is not statistically significant. JEL codes: G240, G010, G140
Obstetric Admission into the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) of the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital: A Ten-Year Review

This study examines the spectrum of diseases, booking status of women, surgical interventions and maternal outcome of obstetric patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) in the past 10 years. Methodology: A 10-year retrospective review of all obstetric admissions into the ICU from January 2006 to December 2016. The ICU records and case files of the patients were used to extract relevant information. Results: A total of 1548 patients were admitted into the ICU during this period, and 302(19.5%) were obstetric patients. The obstetric patients admitted into the ICU represented 1% of all 31,200 deliveries within the study period. Majority of these patients (65%) had caesarean sections, about 21% had an abdominal hysterectomy and 15% had laparotomy with uterine and bladder repair. The unbooked mothers had a statistically significant incidence of complications which include hypertensive disorders (severe PET, Eclampsia), ruptured uterus compared to the booked obstetric patients. Also, the unbooked mothers were more likely to die than the booked mothers. The maternal mortality was 28.99% of total admissions, amongst which the unbooked mothers accounted for 94% of these deaths and booked mothers 6%. Conclusion: Obstetric patients admitted into the ICU especially the unbooked ones had a high mortality rate and severe morbidity rate in our environment. Therefore, the adoption of the safe motherhood principles remains a key tool in reducing maternal morbidity and mortality, especially in unbooked patients.
Changes in perilesional V1 underlie training-induced recovery in cortically-blind patients

Damage to the primary visual cortex (V1) causes profound, homonymous visual-field loss termed cortical blindness (CB). Though long considered intractable, multiple studies now show that perceptual training can recover visual functions in chronic CB. A popular hypothesis is that training recruits intact extrageniculostriate pathways. Alternatively, training may induce plastic changes within spared regions of the damaged V1. Here, we linked changes in luminance detection sensitivity with retinotopic fMRI activity in eleven chronic CB patients, before and after extensive visual discrimination training. Our results show that the strength of spared V1 activity representing perimetrically blind-field locations before training predicts the amount of training-induced recovery of luminance detection sensitivity. Additionally, training caused an enlargement of population receptive fields in perilesional V1 cortex, which increased blind-field coverage. These findings uncover fundamental changes in perilesional V1 cortex underlying training-induced restoration of conscious luminance detection sensitivity in cortically-blind patients.
Survival and Factors Affecting it in Lung Cancer Patients Referred to Imam Khomeini Clinic in Hamadan Province

Background: Lung cancer is one of the most common cancers and the leading cause of death due to cancer in the world. It has the highest mortality rate compared to breast, prostate, and other cancers. Different factors can be effective in the survival of lung cancer patients. The present study has evaluated survival and its related factors. Materials and Methods: The present study was performed on 157 lung cancer patients referred to Imam Khomeini Specialized Clinic in Hamadan during 2003-2017. Patient follow-up was performed through periodic referrals and telephone calls with patients’ relatives. The survival rate was evaluated using Kaplan-Meier method and the log-rank test was used to compare the survival of different levels of variables. Data analysis was then carried out using SPSS version 23.0 and STATA version14.0. P value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant in all tests. Results: Of 157 patients with lung cancer, 86% were male. The mean and median survival times of patients were 15 and 11 months, respectively. The results of log-rank test indicated that metastasis and site of metastasis were effective in patient survival (P < 0.05). Conclusion: The results of the present study showed that the presence of metastasis is a strong factor for the survival of patients; therefore, it seems necessary to diagnose the disease as early as possible using a screening program.
Gastronomy and Culinary Arts Education in Turkey: Department Heads’ Perspective

This study investigated how gastronomy and culinary arts department heads perceived their programs and what their expectations were about the future of their field. A qualitative design was employed to collect data from the department heads. A total of nine department heads participated in the study. Findings revealed that course content was the most important concern, followed by the internship problems. Postgraduate programs were also desired for educating the necessary academics specialized and experienced in the field. Academic events and contests are also found to be important in supplementing and supporting the gastronomy and culinary arts education.
Dynamic Steady State by Unlimited Unidirectional Plastic Deformation of Crystalline Materials Deforming by Dislocation Glide at Low to Moderate Temperatures

This paper presents an outline of the quest for the mechanical steady state that an unlimited unidirectional plastic strain applied at low to moderate temperature is presumed to develop in single-phase crystalline materials deforming by dislocation glide, with particular emphasis on its athermal strength limit. Fifty years ago, the study of crystalline plasticity was focused on the strain range covered by tensile tests, i.e., on true strains less than unity; the canonic stress–strain behavior was the succession of stages I, II, and III, the latter supposedly leading to a steady state defining a temperature and strain rate-dependent flow stress limit. The experimentally available strain range was increased up to Von Mises equivalent strains as high as 10 by the extensive use of torsion tests or by combinations of intermittent deformations by wire drawing or rolling with tensile tests during the 1970s. The assumed exhaustion of the strain-hardening rate was not verified; new deformation stages, IV and V, were proposed, and the predicted strength limit for deformed materials was nearly doubled. Since the advent of severe plastic deformation techniques in the 1980s, such a range was still significantly augmented. Strains of the order of several hundreds were routinely reached, but former conclusions relative to the limit of the flow stress were not substantially changed. However, very recently, the plastic strain range has allegedly been expanded to 105 true strain units by using torsion under high pressure (HPT), surprisingly for some common metals, without experimental confirmation of having reached any steady state. This overview has been motivated by the scientific and technological interest of such an open-ended story. A tentative explanation for the newly proposed ultra-severe hardening deformation stage is given.
Governance or Pay to keep CEO shirking at bay

This thesis investigates the effects of globalization on the agency problems between executive managers and stakeholders. It does so by applying a monopolistic competition model and altering it, such that it explores the substitution effect between corporate governance and executive pay as tools to minimize agency costs. The model is examined in the context of globalization, by incorporating multiple global factors and analyzing how the model responds. In the empirical analysis it finds good indications that trade liberalization has a negative effect on corporate governance and some indications that it has a positive effect on CEO pay. Indicators of international competition show mixed results. Decreasing national tariffs seem to have a negative effect on governance and a positive effect on pay. However, the results when having a comparative advantage as a country in a particular industry or as a company, being part of a highly dynamic industry with high rates of firm failure, mostly give ambiguous results. Somewhat outside of the initial model, indications have been found that an increase in the supply of managers has a deteriorating effect on corporate governance and pay.