Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
1,8-cineol potentiates IRF3-mediated antiviral response in human stem cells and an ex vivo model of rhinosinusitis

Common cold is one of the most frequent human inflammatory diseases caused by viruses and can facilitate bacterial super-infections resulting in sinusitis or pneumonia. The active ingredient of the drug Soledum, 1,8-cineole, is commonly applied for treating inflammatory diseases of the respiratory tract. However, the potential of 1,8-cineole for treating primary viral infections of the respiratory tract remains unclear. In the present study, we demonstrate for the first time that 1,8-cineole potentiates Poly(I:C)- induced activity of the anti-viral transcription factor Interferon Regulatory Factor 3, while simultaneously reducing pro-inflammatory NF-κB-activity in human cell lines, inferior turbinate stem cells (ITSCs) and ex vivo cultivated human nasal mucosa. Co-treatment of cell lines with Poly(I:C) and 1,8-cineole resulted in significantly increased IRF3 reporter gene activity compared to Poly(I:C) alone, whereas NF-κB-activity was reduced. Accordingly, 1,8- cineole-and Poly(I:C)-treatment led to increased nuclear translocation of IRF3 in ITSCs and a human ex vivo model of rhinosinusitis compared to the Poly(I:C)-treated approach. Nuclear translocation of IRF3 was significantly increased in ITSCs and slice cultures treated with LPS and 1,8-cineole compared to the LPS-treated cells mimicking bacterial infection. Our findings strongly suggest that 1,8-cineole potentiates the antiviral activity of IRF3 in addition to its inhibitory effect on pro-inflammatory NF-κB-signalling and may thus broaden its field of application.
Design of Public Procurement Auctions: Evidence from Cleaning Contracts

We analyze a regime change from beauty contests to first-price sealed-bid and scoring auctions, using data on public procurement of cleaning services in Swe-dish municipalities. In beauty contests, the lowest bid often lost and municipalities left substantial money on the table. The procurement costs were similar before and after the regime change, for two reasons: i) Entry strongly decreases the procure-ment cost, but did not change. Entry would have decreased with the regime change had the municipalities not adjusted the objects of auctions. ii) Municipali-ties were less price-sensitive and favored inhouse suppliers in the old regime, leading to more aggressive bidding by others. When the scope for favoritism re-duced, these changes balanced each other out. We discuss the implications of our findings for efficiency and welfare
Physiological and Perceptual Responses to Prolonged Treadmill Load Carriage

Abstract : The objectives of this study were to determine the physiological and perceptual responses to prolonged, level treadmill walking at speeds of 3.96, 4. 86, and 5.76 kilometers per hour, unloaded and with external loads (load carriage equipment + backpack) of 31.5 and 49.4 kilograms; determine the ability of subjects to perform high intensity, anaerobic exercise (Wingate test) immediately after load carriage; and compare the energy cost and perceptual responses of carrying the standard external frame pack to that of the new internal frame system. Fifteen male subjects performed nine load carriage trials with an external frame pack All-Purpose Lightweight Individual Carrying Equipment (ALICE) and two trials with an internal frame pack Integrated Individual Fighting System (IIFS) in random order over a 7 week period. At the end of each trial blood samples were taken for the measurement of lactate and subjects performed either an upper or lower body anaerobic power test. Oxygen Uptake (VO2), Minute Ventilation (VE), heart rate, and differentiated ratings of perceived exertion Ratings of Perceived Exertion (RPE) were determined at the end of the first 10 min and every 20 min thereafter for the duration of the trial. A 10 min rest period was allowed each hour. No changes occurred in VO2 over time in the unloaded condition at any speed. (jg)
What Caused Chicago Bank Failures in the Great Depression? A Look at the 1920s by

This paper analyses the long-term behaviour of financial ratios from 1923 to 1933, focusing on a total of 131 Chicago state banks, which suffered the highest urban failure rate in the US Great Depression. The banks that failed are divided into three cohorts. The first finding is that banks which failed early started investing in non-liquid assets as early as 1923. The second finding is that the share of real estate loans is the most important predictor of failure, from 1923 for the first failure cohort and after 1927 for the second failure cohort. Such results suggest a reassessment of the indirect role played by real estate in the Great Depression via the banking channel. At the same time, this paper re-asserts the importance of mass, non-discriminating deposit withdrawals as despite having the largest amount of mortgages, banks failing in the first episode did not lose significantly more deposits than others, and their deposit losses were not determined by mortgages. In the second episode, failing banks did lose significantly more deposits than others, but survivors suffered tremendous withdrawals too. The causes of bank failures in the third episode remain largely unexplained.  I am grateful for comments and advice from Olivier Accominotti, Mark Carlson, Barry Eichengreen, Alexander Field, Price Fishback, John Gent, Steve Gjerstad, Frank Kennedy, Joe Mason, Anne Murphy, Albrecht Ritschl, Jonathan Rose, Mark Tippett, Eugene White and other participants at the London School of Economics seminar on November 2, 2011.
EFFECT OF STRUCTURE ON THE VOLUMETRIC BEHAVIOUR OF A COMPACTED SOIL

An investigation has been carried out to isolate the effects of the structure set up during compaction on the subsequent volumetric behaviour of a silty soil. Specimens compacted dry and wet of optimum heave have been brought to a common suction and dry density condition prior to testing in a suction-controlled oedometer apparatus. The test results demonstrate that the initial compaction structure has a significant influence on the collapse potential of the soil. The effects are, however, quite different from those that would normally be deduced from conventional tests in which the influence of structure and initial suction differences can not be easily distinguished. (A) For the covering abstract see IRRD 881647.
Food Culture in Sub-Saharan Africa

East African, notably, Ethiopian, cuisine is perhaps the most well-known in the States. This volume illuminates West, southern, and Central African cuisine as well to give students and other readers a solid understanding of how the diverse African peoples grow, cook, and eat food and how they celebrate special occasions and ceremonies with special foods. Readers will also learn about African history, religions, and ways of life plus how African and American foodways are related. For example, cooking techniques such as deep frying and ingredients such as peanuts, chili peppers, okra, watermelon, and even cola were introduced to the United States by sub-Sahara Africans who were brought as slaves. Africa is often presented as a monolith, but this volume treats each region in turn with representative groups and foodways presented in manageable fashion, with a truer picture able to emerge. It is noted that the boundaries of many countries are imposed, so that food culture is more fluid in a region. Commonalities are also presented in the basic format of a meal, with a starch with a sauce or stew and vegetables and perhaps some protein, typically cooked over a fire in a pot supported by three stones. Representative recipes, a timeline, glossary, and evocative photos complete the narrative.
Risk Factors for Pre-Post Monsoon Cholera Epidemics in Bangladesh from 1992-1994

An abstract of the thesis of Rhonda Rae Robb for the Master of Science in Geography presented June 8, 2004. Title: Risk factors for pre-post monsoon cholera epidemics in Bangladesh from 1992-1994. The primary objective of this thesis is to differentiate between the risk factors for preand post-monsoon cholera epidemics in rural Bangladesh by analyzing the complex interaction between select environmental, culturallbehavioral, and socioeconomic variables over space and time. In rural Bangladesh, cholera epidemics correspond with the annual monsoon: the first, and smallest, occurs between March and June, while the larger cholera peak occurs between September and December. The differences between the spatial and temporal patterns of seasonal cholera are analyzed, and the risk factors are calculated for preand post-monsoon cholera epidemics. The theoretical approach that underlies this medical geographical study is disease ecology, which espouses that risk ofdisease is caused by an interaction between people and their environment. This thesis is structured around a holistic understanding that human-environment interactions are inseparable. In Bangladesh, the monsoon season typically starts between May and June. The 1992 and 1993 cholera peaks occurredju~t before the monsoon in April and March respectively, while the 1994 cholera peak occurred between April and June. In 1992 and 1993 cholera incidence increased in the post-monsoon period, and peaked in October. The 1994 post-monsoon cholera peak occurred in November. There is a regular temporal pattern to cholera, as the peaks followed a seasonal pattern with the smaller epidemic occurring in the pre-monsoon period and the larger epidemic occurring in the post-monsoon period. This study shows that there are different risks associated with pre-monsoon cholera epidemics and post-monsoon cholera epidemics. The two main risk factors associated with cholera incidence pre-monsoon were bari population (Le., crowding) and a house located within the flood controlled area. These two variables were even more strongly associated with post-monsoon cholera incidence to a greater degree, along with a number of other variables including water use, sanitation practices, and socioeconomic status. RISK FACTORS FOR PRE-POST MONSOON CHOLERA EPIDEMICS IN BANGLADESH FROM 1992-1994.
Macroinvertebrates community structure in highly glacial catchment

Les écosystèmes alpins font partie des habitats les plus impactés par le changement climatique. Les rivières alpines, formant un réseau dendritique dense, ont des caractéristiques hydrauliques et environnementales spécifiques causées par la différence des apports en eaux : souterraines, pluie, fonte de neige et de glaciers. Ces habitats très hétérogènes présentent une large variabilité spatiale et grande richesse spécifique d’invertébrés aquatiques. Comprendre comment le changement climatique, notamment l’augmentation des températures et l’augmentation de la fonte des glaciers, impacte la biodiversité aquatique dans ces cours d’eau représente un futur défi pour la recherche. Dans cette étude, nous avons déterminé les facteurs majoritairement responsables de la structuration des communautés d’invertébrés dans un bassin versant sous forte influence glaciaire. Notre étude, basée sur l’analyse de 30 sites à travers le bassin versant de l’Arve, dans les Alpes, a révélé une forte influence du recouvrement du glacier sur la structure des communautés. Étonnamment, la température, pourtant qualifié comme étant un facteur clé, n’a pas révélé d’influence significative. Nos résultats confirment l’idée que le filtre environnemental, plus que la variabilité spatiale, est le paramètre influençant le plus la structure des communautés à l’échelle du bassin versant. Le rôle des assemblages de macroinvertébrés dans les rivières alpines reste encore peu connu et pourrait crucialement altérer le fonctionnement des écosystèmes.
Journal of Student Financial Aid Journal of Student Financial Aid

Although education abroad in the US offers participants demonstrable benefits, direct and opportunity costs are cited as primary barriers to broader participation. Yet the degree to which low-income status deters studying abroad and whether additional need-based aid beyond Pell Grants encourages participation remain uncertain. Moreover, not all education abroad programs are equivalent in terms of costs. This study is the first to examine whether need-based aid recipients differentially choose programs of varying duration or programs offered by various provider types. The sample consisted of 221,981 students from 36 institutions of the Consortium for Analysis of Student Success through International Education (CASSIE). Within that sample, 60,477 received Pell grants. Of those recipients, 39% received additional need-based aid. Regression models controlling for student background and context indicated that Pell grant recipients were 3% less likely to study abroad than peers receiving no such aid, and receipt of additional aid increased likelihood by 1% relative to Pell-only recipients. While aid was unrelated to study abroad duration, low-income students were less likely to study with third-party providers. The findings invite financial aid officers to determine thresholds of additional aid necessary to increase participation and to collaborate more systematically with counterparts in international education.
3D mapping of buildings with SAPPHIRE

An experimental radar system is described that is designed to determine a building map in three dimensions by driving past the building with the radar mounted on a vehicle. The radar system, SAPPHIRE, produces full polarimetric reflectivity data in three dimensions with a voxel resolution of <0.5 m in each direction at 10 m distance. SAPPHIRE uses SAR in the driving direction, focused beam forming and MIMO in the vertical direction and FMCW radar in the range direction. The reflectivity data allows interpretation of specular and diffuse scattering behaviour and polarimetric behaviour of the scattering returns. In this paper, we describe the system design, component performance and system calibration. We also present building measurement results with the system mounted on a rail, discuss imaging and mapping methods and show the potential of SAPPHIRE for 3D mapping of buildings.
Climate Dynamics of the Late Paleozoic Ice Age

The late Paleozoic era (∼360-250 Ma) witnessed the vegetated Earth’s only known transition from an icehouse to a greenhouse climate. This transition brought Earth from the Phanerozoic’s most severe glaciation, the late Paleozoic ice age (LPIA), into a greenhouse climate that would dominate the next 220 million years of Earth history. Developing an understanding of the late Paleozoic icehouse climate and the mechanisms that drove Earth into a protracted greenhouse state are fundamental to the study of climate dynamics in both the distant past and the near future. The traditional understanding of late Paleozoic climate contends that massive continental-scale ice sheets formed when the southern hemisphere land masses were located near to the austral pole and repetitively waxed and waned due to orbital insolation variations. A recent re-analysis of the temporal and geographic distribution of glacial deposits, in conjunction with a re-examination of glacioeustasy records, indicates that LPIA climate was much more dynamic. In addition to ice sheets waxing and waning on orbital time-scales, the emerging view of LPIA climate contends that icehouse conditions were episodic, divided by multiple intervals (∼10 Myrs) of ice-free greenhouse conditions. This newfound variability in the LPIA climate state has been hypothesized to result from fluctuations in atmospheric pCO2 concentrations. To constrain the climatic dynamics discussed in these disparate LPIA views, this dissertation employs numerical climate-modeling techniques to explore the interactions of the late Paleozoic atmosphere, biosphere, cryosphere, hydrosphere, and lithosphere.
Achieving radical change: a comparative study of public-sector accounting in Westminster and Scotland

Purpose – The paper focuses on strategies and ‘spoken discourses’ used to construct legitimation around change at the individual level. Comparing changes in financial accounting, budgeting and performance management at two government levels (Westminster and Scotland), it explores the use of legitimation strategies in the implementation of accounting change and its perceived outcomes. Design/methodology/approach – Drawing on semi-structured interviews, six legitimation/delegitimation strategies are used to code the transcribed data. Patterns with the perceived outcomes of change are explored. Findings – Changes introduced to enhance ‘rational’ decision making are often received as pushed by some source of authority. Regardless of the interviewees’ background and level, the results suggest that for radical accounting change to embed, it is necessary for it to be perceived as rational, rather than merely driven by authorisation-based pressures. Conversely, incremental change is associated with modest legitimation via rationalisation and delegitimation based on pathos and
PREFERENTIAL ASSOCIATION OF HEPATITIS C VIRUS TO APOLIPOPROTEIN B48- CONTAINING LIPOPROTEINS*

1 This is an author manuscript that has been accepted for publication in Journal of General Virology, copyright Society for General Microbiology, but has not been copy-edited, formatted or proofed. Cite this article as appearing in Journal of General Virology. This version of the manuscript may not be duplicated or reproduced, other than for personal use or within the rule of ‘Fair Use of Copyrighted Materials’ (section 17, Title 17, US Code), without permission from the copyright owner, Society for General Microbiology. The Society for General Microbiology disclaims any responsibility or liability for errors or omissions in this version of the manuscript or in any version derived from it by any other parties. The final copy-edited, published article, which is the version of record, can be found at http://vir.sgmjournals. org, and is freely available without a subscription. H A L athor m anscript inerm -009590, version 1 HAL author manuscript
Geomorfološka obilježja Slunjske zaravni

Cilj ovog rada jest utvrditi temeljne uvjete i procese oblikovanja i razvoja reljefa te njegove opce geomorfoloske znacajke na prostoru Slunjske zaravni kao primjera prostrane krske zaravni Dinarskoga krsa. Kako je geomorfolosko kartiranje jedna od najvažnijih metoda geomorfoloskog istraživanja, cilj je bio obaviti detaljno geomorfolosko kartiranje te izraditi digitalnu geomorfolosku bazu podataka. Na temelju dobivenih podataka provedene su geomorfoloska analiza i sinteza te je izrađena detaljna digitalna geomorfoloska karta tog podrucja u izvornome mjerilu 1 : 50.000. Razluceni su dominantni morfogenetski procesi oblikovanja reljefa (strukturnogeomorfoloski i egzogeomorfoloski) te su utvrđene osnovne etape geomorfoloske evolucije reljefa. Kljucne rijeci: zaravan u krsu, geomorfolosko kartiranje, morfometrija, Slunjska zaravan, Dinarski krs, Hrvatska Geomorphological Characteristics of the Slunj Karst Plateau The research goal has been to determine the basic conditions and processes of the relief formation and development, and to define its general geomorphologic characteristics on the area of the Slunj karst plateau, as an example of spacious plateaus of the Dinaric karst. Since geomorphological mapping is one of the most important methods of geomorphological research, the aim of this work was detail mapping and production of a digital geomorphologic map of the area. As the basis of the given data, geomorphologic analyses and synthesis were worked out and a detailed geomorphologic map to the scale 1:50,000 was made. The dominant morphogenetic processes of the relief formation (structuralmorphologic and exogeomorphologic) were distinguished, and basic stages of the relief geomorphologic evolution were determined.
Documents de Travail du Centre d’Economie de la Sorbonne

This paper examines empirically the interaction between immigration and host country economic conditions. We employ a panel VAR techniques to use a large annual dataset on 22 OECD countries over the period 1987-2009. The VAR approach allows to addresses the endogeneity problem by allowing the endogenous interaction between the variables in the system. Our results provide evidence of migration contribution to host economic prosperity (positive impact on GDP per capita and negative impact on aggregate unemployment, native-and foreign-born unemployment rates). We also ﬁnd that migration is inﬂuenced by host economic conditions (migration responds positively to host GDP per capita and negatively to host total unemployment rate).
University of Birmingham Phase separation and collapse in almost density matched depletion induced colloidal gels in presence and absence of air bubbles

: Hypothesis : Vesicle-polymer dispersions are found in drug-delivery systems and consumer products but undergo phase separation. Previous studies of phase separation have focussed on systems with high density differences between continuous and vesicular phases. In this study, we investigate phase separation in vesicle-polymer mixtures with very small density differences, in the presence and absence of air bubbles. Experiments : Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging, X-ray Computed Tomography and rheological measurements are reported which characterise the properties and stability of vesicle suspensions composed of the cationic surfactant, diethylesterdimethyl ammonium chloride, mixed with non-adsorbing polymer. 1 H T 2 MR relaxation images are employed to observe phase separation, for a range of vesicle-polymer mixtures, which are analysed using Moran’s I spatial autocorrelation to quantify the extent and rate of phase separation. Findings : It was found that in presence of air bubbles, phase separation follows a compression/collapse mechanism, typical of colloidal gels with large density differences between the phases. Without air bubbles, phase separation develops through the formation of tiny cracks and fractures in the samples. MRI enabled visualisation of the evolution of phase separation inside highly turbid samples. The rate of phase separation was found to generally increase with increasing polymer concentration and decrease with increasing vesicle volume fraction
COVID-19 Associated Hepatitis in Children (CAH-C) during the second wave of SARS-CoV-2 infections in Central India: Is it a complication or transient phenomenon.

Objective: While pediatric population has largely remained free of severe COVID-19, in some cases SARS-CoV-2 infection has been associated with complications like Multiple Inflammatory Syndrome in children (MIS-C). We mention another unique presentation subsequent to asymptomatic infection of SARS-CoV-2, a unique form of hepatitis designated by us as COVID-19 Associated Hepatitis in Children (CAH-C). The contrasting clinical presentations, temporal association and viral parameters of CAH-C cases, to the MIS-C cases are presented here. Methods: As a retrospective and follow-up observational study we reviewed all children testing positive for SARS-CoV-2 during study period. Children presenting with “sudden onset of hepatitis, elevated transaminases, non-obstructive jaundice, lacking marked inflammatory responses and without evidence