Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Oceanography and Marine Biology An Annual Review

Biological invasions continue to exert extensive environmental and economic impacts. Understanding why some introduced species become invasive is critical to their management. Determining the mechanisms underpinning invasion success has focussed on aspects of the ecology and physiology of the species in the introduced range. Through the application of biogeographic approaches, however, a growing body of research highlights insights that stem from studying invasion success as a biogeographic issue. In particular, a comparison of both biogeographic regions (i.e. the native and introduced ranges) allows exclusive insight into seven different major biogeographic hypotheses that we identified to explain invader success. These include the enemy release hypothesis, niche shifts, trait differences, the evolution of invasiveness, native allies, environmental matching and genetic diversity. All imply a difference or gradient between the ranges that may mechanistically explain an invader’s differential performance. This review summarizes the support for these seven different theories underpinning the biogeography of marine invasions and also provides case studies for different theories addressing the comparative biogeography of marine invasions. Additionally, we catalogue the geographic regions of the invasive species used in biogeographic comparisons and the diversity of species, habitats and climate zones examined. Finally, we highlight critical knowledge gaps and suggest future research directions for improving our understanding of the processes driving invasion success.
Knowledge and Concerns of Patients with Esophageal Varices

: Esophageal varices (EV) are the most critical portosystemic shunts that develop secondary to portal hypertension which is considered a main complication of liver cirrhosis. The development of EV in cirrhotic patients can transform the disease from a pre-clinical to a clinical stage. Nursing assessment for EV patients’ knowledge and concern act as a base to increase their awareness about the risk factors, signs and symptoms, self-diagnosis, preventive measures, active involvement in management, and importance of adherence to treatment and health behaviors to promote safe and high-quality patient care. Objective: Assess the knowledge and concerns among patients with esophageal varices. Setting: This study was conducted at the Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Unit at Alexandria Main University Hospital. Subjects: A convenience sample of 70 adult patients. Tools: Two tools were used. Tool I: Knowledge of Patients with Esophageal Varices Structured Interview Schedule. Tool II: Multidimensional Patient’s Concerns Scale. Results: the study revealed that 47.1 % of the studied patients had poor knowledge level, while nearly one third (32.9%) of them had fair knowledge level and one fifth (20%) of them had good knowledge level. Whereas, it was found that more than three quarters of the studied patients (78.6%) had moderate concern, 12.9% of them had low concern, while only 8.6% of them had high concern. There was a statistical significant relation between overall knowledge and over all concerns (p=0.005) Also it was noticed that there was a statistical significant relation between patients' overall knowledge level and age (p = 0.005), educational level (p = 0.001), occupation (p = 0.001), residence area (p = 0.001). Moreover, it was noticed that there was no significant relation between patients' overall knowledge level and sex (p = 0.250), marital status (p = 0. 533), income (p = 0.128). It was revealed that; there was no statistically significance relation between overall patients' concern level and age (p = 0.954), educational level (p = 0.174), sex (p = 0.909), occupation (p = 0.255), marital status (p = 0. 197), residence area (p = 1.000), income (p = 1.000). Conclusion: Patients' knowledge and concerns regarding esophageal varices was noticed to be poor knowledge and moderate concerns. Recommendations: Develop of a health educational program for EV patients about EV knowledge about nature of disease, risk factors of esophageal varices bleeding and instructions after endoscopic band ligation for esophageal varices bleeding
Bitcoin Adoption: An Empirical Study on User Behaviour in Ghana

: The hype and disruptive nature of cryptocurrencies have attracted much attention in research fields and huge industrial revolutions, and many Bitcoin success stories amidst the cons of the technology. The disparity between technological adoption between developed economies and developing economies further deepens research. Many research focuses on the security, nature and/ evolution of Bitcoin, user adoption process, etc., in the developed economies in Europe and America with not enough studies on Bitcoin adoption and development in Sub-Saharan Africa, a hub of developing economies. This study seeks to examine the user behaviour to Bitcoin adoption, determining factors in Ghana It adapts the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology model 2 (UTAUT2,) extending it with Perceived Trust, and Perceived Risk to develop the research hypothesis. To the Ghanaian consumer, there are no moderating effects of Age and Gender on Price Value (PC) and Facilitating Conditions (FC). Performance Expectation (PE), Effort Expectation (EE), Perceived Risk (PR), Perceived Trust (PT), Price Value (PV) had a significant influence on Behavioural intention to use Bitcoin. The research survey considers both users/investors and non/potential users using identified Bitcoin-focused platforms as a base for the snowball survey providing insights into the user behaviour to Bitcoin adoption and the general Bitcoin phenomenon in Ghana
Millennia-long epigenetic ﬂuctuations generate intragenic DNA methylation variance in Arabidopsis populations

Methylation of CG dinucleotides (mCGs), which regulates eukaryotic genome functions, is epigenetically propagated by Dnmt1/MET1 methyltransferases. How mCG is established and transmitted across generations despite imperfect enzyme ﬁdelity is unclear. Whether mCG variation in natural populations is governed by genetic or epigenetic inheritance also remains mysterious. Here, we show that MET1 de novo activity, which is enhanced by existing proximate methylation, seeds and stabilizes mCG in Arabidopsis thaliana genes. MET1 activity is restricted by active demethylation and suppressed by histone variant H2A.Z, producing localized mCG patterns. Based on these observations, we develop a stochastic mathematical model that precisely recapitulates mCG inheritance dynamics and predicts intragenic mCG patterns and their popula-tion-scale variation given only CG site spacing. Our results demonstrate that intragenic mCG establishment, inheritance, and variance constitute a uniﬁed epigenetic process, revealing
Quality of Life in Children with Ulcerative Colitis

The aim of the research is to analyze the results of an evaluation of the quality of life of children with ulcerative colitis depending on disease clinical characteristics. 15 children with UC were examined (8 boys and 7 girls, average age - 14.3 ± 1.4 years) Severity of the disease was determined using the Pediatric Ulcerative Colitis Activity Index (PUCAI), estimates of the quality of life of the children and their parents using PedsQL 4.0 Generic Core Scales. Observation of patients included in the study was carried out for a year, the studied parameters were evaluated at the beginning of the observation at the first examination, after 6 and 12 months.The study of QOL level revealed a decrease in the performance of various scales of the PedsQL 4.0 questionnaire, both when assessing children with UC and their parents. The remitting nature of the disease and its frequent relapses in pediatric patients with UC have a significant impact on the quality of life of children, in particular, the effect of the disease on their physical activity and schooling is shown. The search for associations between clinical manifestations and indicators of the quality of life of UC in children also showed the presence of a number of statistically significant inverse correlations. Study showed that subjective assessments of the quality of life of children and their parents largely coincided. The data indicate that, during the examination of children with IBD, the pediatrician should assess the presence of socio-psychological stress factors in each child, interview parents about the performance and attendance of the children at school. A mandatory component of the examination and management of patients with IBD should be monitoring the level of quality of life of children associated with health, since this category of patients is characterized by its significant decrease relative to the corresponding indicators in healthy peers.
Relative water-level rise in the Flevo lagoon (The Netherlands), 5300-2000 cal. yr BC: an evaluation of new and existing basal peat time-depth data

Abstract The rise of Holocene (ground)water level as a function of relative sea-level rise has been extensively investigated in the western Netherlands, whereas few studies focused on the Flevo lagoon in the central Netherlands. In this study, all available 14C dates from the base of basal peat overlying the top of compaction-free Pleistocene sand in the former Flevo lagoon were evaluated in order to reconstruct water-level rise for the period 5300-2000 cal. yr BC. The present basal peat 14C data set from Flevoland consists of two subsets: (1) the largely new Almere data (41 dates) representing the southern part of the former Flevo lagoon, with 26 dates especially carried out for this study, and (2) the existing Schokland data (21 dates) representing the eastern part of the lagoon. The Schokland area is located about 50 km from the Almere area. The quality of all basal peat time-depth data was palaeo-ecologically and geologically evaluated, all 14C dates were calibrated to the same standards, and error margins of age and altitude determination were estimated. After plotting the data as error boxes in time-depth graphs, lower limit curves for water-level rise were constructed for both data sets. Comparison with the mean sea-level curve for The Netherlands (Van de Plassche, 1982) suggests that water-level rise in the Almere area between 5300 and 2000 cal. yr BC corresponded closely to the rise in mean sea level. The same holds for the Schokland area for the period 5000-4200 cal. yr BC. For the period 4200-2000 cal. yr BC, however, the Schokland data suggest water-level rise to have been slower than mean sea-level rise, leading to local water levels apparently below mean sea level, which is virtually impossible. Hypothetical explanations for this discrepancy include: errors and uncertainties in mean sea-level and local water-level reconstruction, basin subsidence and temporal differences in intra-coastal tidal damping. The presently available data are inconclusive at this point and Holocene water-level rise in the Flevo lagoon awaits further investigations.
The effect of winter shearing of housed pregnant ewes on food intake and animal performance

The effects of winter shearing on the food intake and performance of housed ewes was studied in a series of three experiments. Winter shearing resulted in a proportional increase of dry-matter intake in ewes of 0·16 and 0·43 on two silage-based diets, of 0·09 on swede-based diets, but of only 0·02 on a hay-based diet. Shearing increased intake by a greater amount in smaller ewes and a similar trend occurred on diets containing a greater proportion of barley. Shearing increased average lamb birth weight by about 600 g (4·65 kg v . 4·06 kg), apparently as an effect of shearing per se rather than as a result of the increased energy intake. An increase in gestation length of around 1·8 days accounted for one-fifth of this increased birth weight. The effect on gestation length of shearing was to increase the unnaturally short gestation of housed unshorn ewes, this short gestation being attributed to problems of heat stress in late pregnancy. Results indicated management advantages of winter shearing in favourable climatic environments.
Antimicrobial Effects of Medicinal Plant Species on Salmonella typhimurium Strains Isolated from Poultry Feces Samples

Background: It has been proven that plant extracts show great promise in fighting pathogenic microorganisms. This study aimed to evaluate the resistance of 20 strains of Salmonella typhimurium extracted from poultry feces against conventional antibiotics and the antibacterial activity of 10 medicinal plant extracts, including Hibiscus sabdariffa L. , Capparis spinosa L. , Azadirachta indica A. Juss. , Eryngium planum L. , Rumex acetosa L. , Calotropis procera (Aiton) Dryand, Psidium guajava L. , Malva sylvestris L. , Urtica dioica L. , and Alcea setosa Alef. , against the extracted strains. Methods: The susceptibility of S. typhimurium strains against tested antibiotics was determined using disk diffusion, and the antibacterial activity of medicinal plant extracts was evaluated using well diffusion and broth microdilution assays. Results: The extracted S. typhimurium strains showed high resistance to cephalosporin (100%) and gentamicin (40%); however, all plant extracts examined in this study were influential in inhibiting the growth of the tested strains. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of tested plant extracts ranged from 6.25 to 25 mg/mL and 12.5 to 50 mg/mL, respectively. The most effective plant extracts in inhibiting bacterial growth in the agar well diffusion method were P. guajava, H. sabdariffa, and A. setosa; nevertheless, the most potent bactericidal activity was recorded for M. sylvestris and A. setosa in the broth microdilution method. The examined strains showed 80% and 85% sensitivity to the MBC of alcoholic extracts of M. sylvestris and A. setosa (50 mg/mL), respectively, which is worthy of further exploration by scientists. Conclusions: The results of this study represent the high potency of M. sylvestris and A. setosa extracts as appropriate medicinal and/or food supplements to replace ineffective antibiotics in bird breeding.
The regular gymnastics program on the quality of life for elderly people with hypertension

Background: The quality of life of the elderly may determine their well-being for the remainder of their lives. According to The World Health Organization Quality of Life (WHOQOL), quality of life is an elderly functional condition that encompasses physical health, namely daily activities. One of the primary health problems in the elderly is hypertension. The conventional management of hypertension may be carried out with pharmacological and non-pharmacological therapies. Non-pharmacological methods include improving lifestyle, one of which is by starting physical exercise regularly such as gymnastics for the elderly.Purpose: To determine the relationship the regular gymnastics program on the quality of life for elderly people with hypertensionMethod: Using the cross-sectional research method, the samples were taken randomly from the elderly population domiciled in the area of the East Curup Public Health Center totaling 87 elderly people who met our inclusion and exclusion criteria. The inclusion criteria were men and women aged ≥60 years and the elderly with hypertension based on the diagnosis established by the officials of the public health center. While the exclusion criterion was elderly in emergency situations.Results: The mean systolic and diastolic blood pressure of respondents who gymnastics was lower than those who did not gymnastics.Conclusion: Elderly gymnastics is associated with lower systolic and diastolic blood pressure of the elderly with hypertension, even though it is still higher than the target of hypertension management, and their quality of life.
Permo–Triassic rocks in boreholes in the Annan-Canonbie area, Dumfries and Galloway, southern Scotland

Synopsis Recent boreholes provide new data on the sequence, age, lithology and geophysical log stratigraphy of Late Permian and Early Triassic strata on the northern edge of the Carlisle Basin. Late Permian evaporites (gypsum-anhydrite) and microfloras are recorded and described for the first time in onshore Scotland. The lower, argillaceous and evaporite-bearing strata are assigned to the Eden Shales Formation and are divided into three informal lithostratigraphical units, in ascending order ES1, ES2 and ES3. The Eden Shales grade upwards into the St Bees Sandstone Formation. The strata closely resemble those in neigh-bouring Cumbria, and help to refine some details of regional palaeogeography and correlation. Regional log correlation suggests that a significant evaporite-bearing Late Permian section is missing, probably cut out by faulting, in the Silloth-1A Borehole, the main deep borehole penetrating the Carlisle Basin.
EFFECTS OF SOAKING, BOILING, AND TOASTING PROCESSING TECHNIQUES ON NUTRIENT COMPOSITION OF PIGEON PEA FLOURS AND ORGANOLEPTIC ATTRIBUTES OF THEIR PUDDINGS AND BALLS.

This study evaluated the effects of soaking, boiling and toasting processing techniques on nutrient andphytochemical composition of pigeon pea flour and the organoleptic properties of their puddings and balls.Pigeon pea and cowpea seeds which served as control were purchased, processed into flour, used for thepreparation of puddings and balls. The pigeon pea flour samples were subjected to proximate, vitamin andmineral analysis using standard methods. The data generated from organoleptic evaluation, proximate,vitamins and minerals analyses respectively, were subjected to statistical analysis with descriptive statisticsSPSS version 20. One way ANOVA was used to compare mean at p<0.05 probability level. Findings showthat the processing techniques significantly improved the nutrient properties of the pigeon pea flours.However, toasted pigeon pea flour had the highest folate (vitamin B9) content of 644.530mcg/100g andphosphorus content. Boiled pigeon pea flour had the highest iron content of 2.205mcg/100g. Boiled pigeonpea flour had the highest protein and iron content and soaked pigeon pea flour had the highest moisture,crude fiber and Vitamin B3 contents. Hence, to improve micronutrient intake such as folate and phosphorus,toasting processing technique is highly recommended
Thinking styles, culture, and economy : comparing Tibetan minority students with Han Chinese majority students

This study was to ascertain the validity of Sternberg's theory of mental self-government for Tibetan ethnic minority university students and to compare the thinking styles of Tibetan students with those of the Han Chinese majority students. Participants were 408 Tibetan students and 920 Han Chinese students. Furthermore, focus group interviews were conducted with two Tibetan scholars and 11 Tibetan students. Results indicated that compared with the Han students, Tibetan students scored significantly higher on the more norm-conforming thinking styles but significantly lower on the creativity-generating styles. Moreover, Tibetan students indicated a stronger preference for working with others as opposed to working independently. Discussions of these findings focus on the impact of Tibet's culture and economy upon students' thinking styles.
Analysis of The Influence of Bank Health Level Using The Rgec Method (Risk Profile, Good Corporate Governance, Earnings, Capital) on Profitability in banking Companies Listed on Bei Period 2015-2019

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of soundness level using the RGEC (Risk Profile, GoodCorporate Governance, Earnings, and Capital) method on the profitability of banking companies listed on theIDX. The period used in this study is 5 (five) years, namely 2015 – 2019. This study uses descriptive researchwith a quantitative approach. The population in this study is 44 banking companies that have been and are stilllisted on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. The sampling technique used was purposive sampling and obtained asample of 12 companies. The data analysis technique used is multiple linear regression. The results showedthat partially the risk profile variable had no significant effect on profitability. Good corporate governance hasa significant negative effect on profitability. Earnings have a significant negative effect on profitability. Capitalhas a significant positive effect on profitability. Simultaneously, risk profile, good corporate governance,earnings, and capital have a significant effect on profitability. The ability of the variables risk profile, goodcorporate governance, earnings, and capital in explaining profitability is 90.6%
Studies of the aerosol indirect effect from sulfate and black carbon aerosols

[1] The indirect effect of anthropogenic aerosols is investigated using the global climate model National Center for Atmospheric Research Community Climate Model Version 3 (NCAR CCM3). Two types of anthropogenic aerosols are considered, i.e., sulfate and black carbon aerosols. The concentrations and horizontal distributions of these aerosols were obtained from simulations with a life-cycle model incorporated into the global climate model. They are then combined with size-segregated background aerosols. The aerosol size distributions are subjected to condensation, coagulation, and humidity swelling. By making assumptions on supersaturation, we determine cloud droplet number concentrations in water clouds. Cloud droplet sizes and top of atmosphere (TOA) radiative fluxes are in good agreement with satellite observations. Both components of the indirect effect, i.e., the radius and lifetime effects, are computed as pure forcing terms. Using aerosol data for 2000 from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), we find, globally averaged, a 5% decrease in cloud droplet radius and a 5% increase in cloud water path due to anthropogenic aerosols. The largest changes are found over SE Asia, followed by the North Atlantic, Europe, and the eastern United States. This is also the case for the radiative forcing (“indirect effect”), which has a global average of −1.8 W m−2. When the experiment is repeated using data for 2100 from the IPCC A2 scenario, an unchanged globally averaged radiative forcing is found, but the horizontal distribution has been shifted toward the tropics. Sensitivity experiments show that the radius effect is ∼3 times as important as the lifetime effect and that black carbon only contributes marginally to the overall indirect effect.
The attitude of preventing opportunistic infections among PLHIV/AIDS attending non-governmental organization (Kuldesak) Depok City, Indonesia

Background: The number of people living with HIV and AIDS (PLWHA) is increasing and it has become a pandemic in various parts of the world. However, there are still limited AIDS countermeasures in preventing death, one of which is by reducing opportunistic infections.Purpose: To determine the factors associated with the attitude of preventing opportunistic infections among PLHIV/AIDS attending non-governmental organization (Kuldesak) Depok City, IndonesiaMethod: An analytic research with a cross-sectional research design which aims to determine the relationship between the independent variables and the dependent variable. The number of samples in this study were 71 PLHIV attending non-governmental organization “Kumpulan Dengan Segala Aksi Kemanusiaan” (Kuldesak) Peer Support Group (PSG) Depok City, Indonesia. Samples were taken using a non-random sampling technique with purposive sampling.Results: Obtained that three variables influenced the attitudes to prevent opportunistic infection in PLWHA, namely perceived susceptibility (AOR = 4,98; 95% CI = 1,459-17,029), perceived severity (AOR = 4,04; 95% CI = 1,161-14,079) and perceived benefit (AOR = 7,13; 95% CI = 1,846-27,601). Conclusion: Almost half of all respondents in the Kuldesak Peer Support Group (PSG) Depok City have a low attitudes to prevent opportunistic infection. Perceived benefit was the most dominant predictor in determining attitudes to prevent opportunistic infection.Suggestion: In order to further develop this research and provide education so that the attitude of OI preventing, especially in PLWHA, is better than before.