Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect of temperature on growth of the cyanobacterium Aphanizomenon flos‐aquae in Lake Biwa and Lake Yogo

The water bloom‐forming cyanobacterium Aphanizomenon flos‐aquae Ralfs ex Bornet et Flahault (Nos‐tocales, Cyanophyceae) appeared in Lake Biwa and Lake Yogo in 1999 for the first time. The morphological characteristics were described using natural samples. In contrast to the other water bloom‐forming cyanobacteria such as Microcystis and Anabaena in Lake Biwa and Lake Yogo, the small summer population of A. flos‐aquae is apt to grow in winter, suggesting the low temperature preference or tolerance of this species. In order to clarify the effect of temperature on the growth, culture experiments were conducted using an axenic strain isolated from Lake Biwa. The strain could grow at above 8°C with an optimum temperature ranging from 23 to 29°C, and survived even at 5°C for at least 25days under low light conditions. Although these results confirmed the ability of the bloom formation during late autumn and winter, it is still unclear why the Aphanizomenon bloom occurred at temperatures of ca 10°C in December and not immediately after the disappearance of Microcystis and/or Anabaena bloom during autumn.
Functional response of two aphidophagous ladybirds searching in tandem

Abstract The functional response of two ladybird species, Propylea dissecta (Mulsant) and Coccinella transversalis Fabricius in combination was studied in an effort to determine the impact of two predators on the increasing density of aphid, Aphis gossypii Glover infesting leaves of bottle gourd, Lagenaria vulgaris Seringe. The ladybirds were exposed to prey density in three combinations using adult females: (i) one P. dissecta and one C. transversalis together, (ii) two P. dissecta, and (iii) two C. transversalis, for 24 h. Prey consumption increased curvilinearly with prey density in all three combinations. It was maximum when heterospecifics searched together. The prey were handled and consumed significantly faster (9.51 min) by heterospecifics in combination, followed by two C. transversalis (11.32 min) and two P. dissecta (12.52 min). The attack rate was maximum (0.00274) by heterospecifics followed by the two C. transversalis (0.00166) and two P. dissecta (0.00092). The synergistic effect on the prey consumption may possibly be due to spatial distribution of P. dissecta and C. transversalis in terms of feeding sites, with the former being negatively, and the latter being positively geotactic. Field release of two predator species in tandem is recommended for biocontrol of A. gossypii because of the potential for synergistic action by these natural enemies.
Phylogenetic Position and Floral Function of Siparuna (Siparunaceae: Laurales)

Nucleotide sequences for two chloroplast genome regions, the rbcL gene and the trnL-trnF spacer region, were obtained for 22 genera and 30 species representing all major lineages of Laurales, with a special sampling effort being made in the phylogenetically problematic Monimiaceae sensu lato. Magnoliaceae, Winteraceae, Austrobaileyaceae, and Saururaceae were used as outgroups. A morphological character matrix for the same taxa was compiled and includes new floral-anatomical data for Siparunaceae, a lineage traditionally placed in Monimiaceae. Phylogenetic analyses of the molecular and morphological data based on maximum parsimony reveal that Siparuna and its sister taxon, the monotypic West African genus Glossocalyx, are not closely related to the remaining Monimiaceae, supporting the view that the Monimiaceae in the wide sense are polyphyletic. Based on morphology and chromosome numbers, Siparuna forms a clade with Atherospermataceae and Gomortegaceae, while based on rcbL sequences, it is in a clade with Hernandiaceae, Atherospermataceae, and Gomortegaceae. The trnL-trnF sequences provide no resolution for basal nodes in Laurales but agree with the rbcL and morphological analyses in strongly supporting a placement of Siparunaceae away from Monimiaceae s.str. Based on the phylogenetic hypotheses, we analyze some of the reported floral-morphological trends noted in Monimiaceae and Laurales, such as miniaturization of ovules, increasingly complete enclosure of reproductive organs, and aquisition of functional syncarpy. Both Siparuna and Glossocalyx have polycarpellate gynoecia embedded in massive receptacles covered by a membrane and uniovulate carpels with unitegmic ovules. The membrane, or floral roof, has a small, central pore for the styles or anthers to emerge at anthesis. It is more developed and thicker in female flowers than in male ones. Consequently, the styles in particular are forced into close physical contact. Flowers are pollinated by gall midges that oviposit into them through the pore in the floral roof, whereby they contact stamens or styles. Anatomical studies of flowers representing eight species show that styles fuse postgenitally at the height where they emerge through the pore, resulting in a joint transmission track for pollen tubes that originally landed on different stigmas. Lateral growth of pollen tubes, which results in switching between carpels, was observed in an experimentally pollinated species that had received large pollen loads.
Relationship Among Seed Number, Quality, and Calcium Content in Apple Fruits

Abstract The relationship among seed number, fruit weight, and calcium content in four apple cultivars (Annurca Tradizionale, Annurca Rossa del Sud, Red Delicious, and Golden Delicious) were investigated. In all cultivars, seed number affected the fruit shape. The percentage of misshapen fruits was higher when the seed number was low. A positive relationship was found between seed number and fruit weight (cv. Annurca Tradizionale, Annurca Rossa del Sud, and Golden Delicious), and between seed number and fruit calcium (cv. Golden Delicious and Red Delicious). In cv. Annurca Rossa del Sud, Red Delicious, and Golden Delicious, a significant relationship was noted between seed number and flesh firmness, while a correlation between seed number and pulp acidity was found only for the two Annurca cultivars.
Evaluation of the Draft Australian and New Zealand Standard Diagnostic Procedure (ANZSDP) for PCR-detection of Betanodaviruses

Several Australian betanodaviruses (NNVs) and other, exotic NNVs were used in a study of the performance of a nested PCR test in common use in Australia and New Zealand. This test for the detection of NNVs, designated the ANZSDP VNN Nested PCR, was compared with a currently available commercial PCR kit for NNV detection. With respect to the endemic viruses, the ANZSDP was pan-specific for the NNVs tested, while the commercial PCR kit failed to detect the South Australian strain of barramundi Lates calcarifer NNV. With respect to the relative sensitivities of the two tests, in general, the ANZSDP appeared more sensitive than the commercial test. The exception was the Australian bass Macquaria novemaculeata NNV isolate, which was detected at lower levels by the commercial test. Among the exotic NNVs, both tests detected red-spotted grouper nervous necrosis virus and barfin flounder nervous necrosis virus, but neither test detected striped jack nervous necrosis virus (SJNNV). Further investigation revealed mismatches between SJNNV sequences and the nested primers used in the ANZSDP.
Cytogenetic characterization of Devario aequipinnatus (McClelland, 1839) and Devario yuensis (Arunkumar and Tombi, 1998) (Cypriniformes: Cyprinidae) from Manipur, northeast India

Cytogenetic characteristics of Devario aequipinnatus (McClelland, 1839) and Devario yuensis (Arunkumar and Tombi, 1998) from northeast India were studied by examining metaphase chromosome spreads from gill, epithelial, and kidney cells. The diploid chromosome numbers of both species were 2n = 50. The karyotypes consisted of 3 pairs of metacentric, 17 pairs of submetacentric, 3 pairs of subtelocentric, and 2 pairs of acrocentric chromosomes having the arm numbers NF = 96 in D. aequipinnatus; and 5 pairs of metacentric, 13 pairs of submetacentric, 6 pairs of subtelocentric, and 1 pair of acrocentric chromosomes having the fundamental arm numbers NF = 98 in D. yuensis. No sex chromosomes were detected cytologically in either of the species. The present study is the first report on the karyology of these 2 species from northeast India. Comparison of the chromosome numbers of these 2 fishes with those of other members of closely related genera of the subfamily Danioninae shows that 2n = 50 could be considered as a modal diploid chromosome number in this fish subfamily.
Effect of various plant growth promoters and growing conditions on flowering of Dendrobium cv. EARSAKUL

The investigation on 'Flowering response of Dendrobium cv. EARSAKUL to plant growth promoters in different growing conditions' was conducted at College of Horticulture, Vellanikkara, Kerala. Results revealed that, among plant growth promoters, the treatment POP + OM + VW + PGPRE + Bone meal + GR (T 4 ) resulted in longer spike (31.34 cm), more flower count (6.54) and longer vase life (30.00 days), whereas, the treatment NPK + GR + OM + VW + PGPRE + Bone meal (T 6 ) was the best with respect to time taken for first flower opening (14.52 days) and number of spikes per plant (2.62) in six month old plants. In three year old plants, the treatment POP + OM + VW + PGPRE + Bone meal + GR (T 4 ) was the best with respect to time taken for flowering (283.91 days), days to last flower opening (10.98 days), number of spikes (2.63) and vase life (28.26 days), whereas, length of the spike (30.46 cm) and number of flowers (5.08) were the highest in the treatment NPK + GR + OM + VW + PGPRE + Bone meal (T 6 ). Among three systems of growing, top ventilated polyhouse (S 2 ) had maximum influence on flower characters. In interaction, the combination of POP + OM + VW + PGPRE + Bone meal + GR (T 4 ) and top ventilated polyhouse (S 2 ) was significantly superior in flower characters irrespective of the age of the plants.
Effects of measurement error on catch-effort estimation

We have investigated the consequences of using imprecise catch and effort estimates in closed-population catch-effort analyses using traditional regression techniques and maximum likelihood to estimate the catchability coefficient and population size parameters. Our simulation study involved adding known amounts of measurement error to error-free catch and effort data to determine the effects of using such estimates of catch and effort rather than the true, and in many cases unknown, quantities. Our results suggest that naive estimation using estimates of catch and effort as true values may bias estimates of population size and the catchability coefficient. In most cases, the effects of measurement error in catch and effort were to inflate the parameter estimates, the magnitude of inflation being dependent on the size of the measurement error variance. Maximum likelihood estimation proved to be the estimation procedure most robust to the errors in measurement, but still displayed the need for correction o.
Increased Vocal Discrimination By Learning in Sympatry in Two Species of Chaffinches

Maps of the territories of the two species of chaffinches in an area of sympatry on Tenerife (Fringilla coelebs and F. teydea) show that they are not interspecifically territorial. Playback experiments of heterospecific song show that both species tend to respond in areas of allopatry, but only rarely in sympatry. There is no clear difference in song structure in either species between areas of sympatry and allopatry. Although a comparison of common chaffinch song among 14 samples in the Atlantic region shows significant amounts of differentiation among regions, there is no clear evidence of character displacement. The divergence of blue chaffinch song can best be explained by the "withdrawal of learning" hypothesis, whereby naive birds colonized the Canaries before learning their songs from adult tutors, and thus started a new song tradition. The divergence of common chaffinch song in the Atlantic islands seems to have originated independently of the presence of blue chaffinches there. Both species of chaffinches show increased vocal discrimination in areas of local sympatry, pointing to the role oflearning in associating species-specific songs with the morphological phenotypes of male common and blue chaffinches. Although enhanced vocal discrimination via learning can be used to prevent wastage of time and effort in responding to heterospecific song, it cannot have arisen as a consequence of selection for different specific mate recognition systems in these two species of chaffinches.
Evaluation of yield and other agronomic traits in pepper (Capsicum chinense Jacq.) under open-field conditions in the humid tropics

Sixty-eight pepper (Capsicum chinense Jacq.) accessions were evaluated for yield (measured as total number of fruits per plant and total fruit weight per plant) and 15 other traits under open-field conditions in two trials, one conducted in the dry (Trial-1) and the other in wet season (Trial-2) of 2014. Each trial was set in a randomized complete block design with three replications (20 plants per replicate) at The University of the West Indies Field Station, Mount Hope, Trinidad and Tobago. There were significant differences (p < 0.01 to 0.001) among the accessions for all traits except plant height, plant canopy width in Trial-1, and early vigour in Trial-2. Total number of fruits per plants was weakly correlated (r = 0.37 in Trial-1, r = 0.45 in Trial-2; p < 0.01 to 0.001) with total fruit weight per plant, but was strongly associated with number of fruits per plant in the first and second 5 pickings (r = 0.78 to 0.97, p < 0.001) and moderately negatively correlated (r = -0.33 to -0.56, p < 0.01 to 0.001) with fruit width and average fruit weight. Total fruit weight per plant was positively associated with fruit weight per plant in the first and second 5 pickings (r = 0.66 to 0.89, p < 0.001), and negatively correlated (r = -0.41 to -0.69, p < 0.001) with days to 50% flowering and fruiting. A comparison of linear regression lines showed that the relative ranking of the accessions over seasons did not change for days to 50% flowering and fruiting, fruit weight per plant in the second 5 pickings, total fruit weight per plant and fruit width. The implications of these results are discussed.
Inadequate Luteal Function and Recurrent Abortion: Diagnosis and Treatment of Luteal Phase Deficiency

The idea that a progesterone (P) deficiency during early pregnancy might predisose to recurrent abor tion and that replacement of the deficient hormone might prevent subsequent abortions is not new. In fact, P deficiency as a likely cause of abortion was generally assumed after Allen and Corner published their investigations on the physiologic properties of the corpus luteum (CL) in 1929, 1 but the endocrinol ogy of the menstrual cycle and pregnancy was still poorly understood. Although well intentioned, some of the earlier attempts at therapeutic intervention were less than effective, and in one instance, clearly unfortunate.
ASPECTS OF GROWTH IN CAPTIVE KILLER WHALES (ORCINUS ORCA)

Morphometrics from 25 captive killer whales (11 captive-born) were collected at SeaWorld parks from 1984 to 1995 to determine age-specific growth parameters. For sexes combined, the body-volume index was the most accurate predictor of body weight. However, predicting weight from total length was appropriate, although it may underestimate weight of pregnant animals. Among captive-born calves, a Gompertz model was the best predictor of weight and length at age. Estimates for length and weight at birth were done using data from in utero and neonatal calves. For ages 1-5 yr, models indicate that males grew in both weight and length at slower rates. Growth rates in males may surpass those of females at approximately 5-6 yr of age.
Chromosome Number and Reproductive Attributes For Erigeron lemmonii (Asteraceae), A Cliff-Dwelling Endemic of Southeastern Arizona

Abstract Erigeron lemmonii A. Gray, restricted to Scheelite Canyon in the Huachuca Range, Arizona, has previously been proposed for federal listing as an endangered species but basic cytological and reproductive information has been wanting. The first chromosome count for the species is 2n = 18, which is the common diploid number in Erigeron. Analyses of eight plants from five disparate sites within the population show that pollen averages 85.8% staining in cotton blue in lactophenol. Microscopic observation using differential interference contrast optics shows that E. lemmonii combines about equally monosporic and bisporic megagametophyte development within a single capitulum. Despite variability in developmental route, the egg apparatus among mature megagametophytes appears to be nearly uniform in structure. In greenhouse culture, isolated plants fail to set seed indicating that plants are probably self-incompatible. Controlled crosses yield seed, but variation in seed set intimates the possible presence of genetic barriers within the population.
Aggressiveness of strains of Pseudomonas solanacearum from the French West Indies (Martinique and Guadeloupe) on tomato.

Strains of Pseudomonas solanacearum indigenous to the French West Indies were divided into four profiles of aggressiveness on tomato cultivars Floradel, Capitan, and Caraibo, which are susceptible, moderately resistant, and resistant, respectively. Depending on the strain used, the resistance expressed in Capitan was dependent on temperature, whereas that in Caraibo and Floradel was not. A link appears to exist between aggressiveness in Capitan and biovar type
Analisa Sistem Informasi E-Budgeting Pengajuan Rencana Anggaran Perusahaan menggunakan Balance Scorecard

Meningkatnya perkembangan teknologi, mengharuskan banyak perusahaan untuk terus melakukan adaptasi agar bisa terus mempertahankan bisnis yang dijalani. PT Sinar Property Group yang bergerak dalam bidang bisnis property agent, sangatlah perlu untuk beradaptasi dan memahami perkembangan teknologi yang pesat saat ini, itupula yang perlu diterapkan dalam perencanaan anggaran pada PT Sinar Property Group terutama anggaran proyek yang masih membutuhkan waktu dan proses yang cukup lama. Dalam pelaksanaannya sudah terkomputerisasi yaitu dengan menggunakan Ms. Excel dan proses pengajuan yang harus memerlukan file Excel saat rapat pembahasan rencana anggaran, yang terkadang terselip atau hilangnya laporan yang telah dibuat. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode observasi, interview dan daftar pustaka. Sementara metode analisa manggunakan Balance Scorecard dimana peneliti menemukan kendala pada pengolahan data informasi anggaran. Oleh karena itu peneliti ingin membangun sebuah sistem E-Budgeting yang mudah digunakan, efektif, dan efisien dalam mengolah data serta mengurangi terjadinya human error serta dapat diakses secara realtime dan dimanapun sehingga memudahkan dalam mengambil sebuah keputusan. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah sebuah sistem yang dapat membantu untuk melakukan pengajuan anggaran proyek. Sistem ini dapat digunakan untuk melakukan pengajuan anggaran proyek dan juga sebagai informasi pendukung saat rapat.
Gene flow between geographic populations of Mycosphaerella graminicola (anamorph Septoria tritici) detected with restriction fragment length polymorphism markers

We used DNA restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFIP) markers to assess the potential for gene flow between geographically separated populations of Mycosphaerella graminicola. We used 13 RFIP loci and DNA fingerprints to compare the genetic structure of Oregon and California populations of M. graminicola separated by 750 km. The two populations shared the majority of frequent alleles at a number of loci. Many alleles were present at similar frequencies. The populations had similar levels of genetic diversity. Genetic and genotypic variation were distributed on a very small scale in both populations. An indirect measure of gene flow based on Wright's island model (Nm) estimated the numberof individuals that have migrated between the populations as 12, which is sufficient to prevent the populations from differentiating significantly [. ]
DER SONNENSTAND ALS ZEITGEBER FÜR DIE BIENE

HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of scientific research documents, whether they are published or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers. L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés. DER SONNENSTAND ALS ZEITGEBER FÜR DIE BIENE Wilhelm Beier, Martin Lindauer
Measurement and error of hoof horn growth rate in sheep

SUMMARY Determining the rate of hoof horn growth in sheep is important for understanding the physiology and pathology of the foot and the impact of the environment and the treatment of diseased feet on foot health. It could lead to improved understanding of the interaction between hoof horn and pasture/barn floor characteristics and in methods for prevention and treatment of ovine foot diseases. In the current study, the hoof horn was measured using a previously tested protocol on all eight digits of 21 healthy yearling mule ewes on a farm in North Wales on four occasions over a period of 53 days. The mean hoof horn growth rate was 0·11 mm (s.e.m. 0·02) per day; the residual error variance was 0·024 and the R2 was 0·245. There were no significant differences between hoof horn growth rates in front and hind feet or between medial and lateral claws or over time.
Leaf fluctuating asymmetry of common plantain as an indicator of habitat quality

Abstract Although developmental instability (DI), measured as fluctuating asymmetry (FA), is expected to be positively related to environmental stress and negatively to habitat quality, the pattern found here was the reverse. Developmental instability of leaf traits (leaf width and vein distances within a leaf) was estimated (using two indices of FA: FA4 and σi 2) and compared between three populations of Plantago major L. (Plantaginaceae) from northern Serbia. Two of the populations are from chronically polluted areas (Karaburma & Zemun), while Crni Lug is from an unpolluted, natural area. Results obtained using both FA indices were the same; higher asymmetry levels in the unpolluted area than in the polluted sites, were found for both traits. Between the two polluted sites, FA values were significantly higher in Karaburma site for vein distances within a leaf. Concerning differences in FA4 values between samples, in two cases, results are similar to those found for σi 2 values, for vein distances within leaf. These are the first quantitative data on P. major indicating that (i) plants living in the stressful sites are more symmetrical and (ii) leaf FA for plant species with wide ecological distribution such as P. major should be considered as an ‘index of habitat quality. ’
Ultrasonic hearing in moths

Abstract Many moths possess ultrasound-sensitive ears, directly resulted from bat predation. Moth ears display an abundant diversity due to their body location, accessory structures, and number of auditory sensory cells. Anatomically, the moth ears are the simplest hearing organs in insects and most are tympanal organ with a tympanum. Eared moths have an optimal frequency range between 20 kHz and 50 kHz, which coincides with the peak frequency used by most insectivorous bats. The primary function of the moth ear is to detect and avoid the hunting of bats. Eared moths show a series of defensive behaviors, when they are exposed to the cries emitted by insectivorous bats. The presence of these tympanal organs also set the stage for the later evolution of ultrasonic courtship signals in the eared moth families. Over the years, entomologists worldwide have performed large numbers of studies on hearing of moths and their interactions with bats. This paper presents an overview of moth hearing, focusing on morphology, neurophysiology, and behavioral ecology.