Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Prazosin administration increases the rate of recurrent urethral obstruction in cats: 388 cases.

OBJECTIVE To determine if prazosin administration decreased the rate of recurrent urethral obstruction (rUO) before hospital discharge and within 14 days. ANIMALS 388 cats with urethral obstruction. PROCEDURES Veterinarians who either always or never prescribed prazosin (generally, 0.5 to 1 mg, PO, q 12 h for 14 days) were recruited to complete observational surveys. Patient data and characteristics of relieving the obstruction, including perception of a gritty feel within urethra or difficulty unobstructing the cat, were recorded. The rate of development of rUO before hospital discharge and by day 14 was compared between cats that received or did not receive prazosin with the Fisher exact test. Other variables were similarly compared between cats with and without rUO. RESULTS 302 (78%) cats received prazosin, while 86 (22%) did not. There was no association between prazosin administration and risk of rUO prior to discharge, with 34 of 302 (11.3%) cats receiving prazosin and 5 or 86 (5.8%) not receiving prazosin developing rUO. Within 14 days, a significantly higher proportion of prazosin-treated cats (73/302 [24%]) developed an rUO, compared with the proportion of non-prazosin-treated cats (and 11/86 [13%]). The perception of a "gritty feeling urethra" or difficulty of performing the catheterization was associated with increased risk of rUO. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Prazosin administration increased the likelihood of rUO by 14 days; ongoing investigation of other therapies to decrease rUO in cats is warranted. Without specific indications, the use of prazosin for the prevention of rUO should be discouraged.
Owner-reported long-term outcomes, quality of life, and longevity after hospital discharge following surgical treatment of pyometra in bitches and queens.

OBJECTIVE Investigate long-term complications, survival times, general health and quality of life (QoL) outcomes, and longevity in female dogs and cats (bitches and queens, respectively) following hospital discharge after ovariohysterectomy (OHE) for pyometra. ANIMALS 306 pet-owner-completed surveys and corresponding medical records for 234 bitches and 72 queens treated with OHE for pyometra at the American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals Animal Hospital between January 1, 2017, and December 31, 2019. PROCEDURES A telephone and online survey was conducted to gather data about pet owners' perception of pet health and QoL following OHE for pyometra, and potential associations between survey results and medical record data were evaluated. Median survival time at a given age at OHE for pyometra was calculated with the use of maximum likelihood estimation of a survival-time regression model. RESULTS 72 of the 121 (60%) eligible owners of queens and 234 of the 390 (60%) eligible owners of bitches completed the survey. Most owners reported that at the time of the survey, their pet's health and QoL were better or the same as before pyometra. Reported health and QoL outcomes were similar for pets > 8 versus ≤ 8 years of age. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Our findings indicated that bitches and queens undergoing OHE for pyometra at older ages and without other severe health issues can expect to live their full life span. Veterinarians in private practice could expect similar outcomes.
Perceived clinical severity of atopic dermatitis in children: comparison between patients’ and parents’ evaluation

A. Challapalli,* S. Watkins, G. Cogill, G. Stewart, S. Ellis, A. Sykes, J. Nobes, K. Yip, U. Barthakur, R. Board, A. Gadve, L. O’Toole, C. Kent, J. Mackenzie, S. Papa, A. Fusi, K. Fife University Hospitals Bristol & Weston NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol, UK, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK, University Hospitals Plymouth NHS Trust, Plymouth, UK, Royal Cornwall Hospitals NHS Trust, Truro, UK, Portsmouth Hospitals NHS Trust, Portsmouth, UK, The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK, Norfolk and Norwich University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Norwich, UK, East Suffolk and North Essex NHS Foundation Trust, Colchester, UK, Taunton and Somerset NHS Foundation Trust, Taunton, UK, Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Preston, UK, NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde, Glasgow, UK, Hull University Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Hull, UK, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, UK, NHS Lothian, Edinburgh, UK, School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Studies, King’s College London, London, UK, St George’s University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK *Correspondence: A. Challapalli. E-mail: amarnath.challapalli@uhbw. nhs.uk
Unsteady Flow Phenomena in Turbine Rim Seals

While turbine rim sealing flows are an important aspect of turbomachinery design, affecting turbine aerodynamic performance and turbine disc temperatures, the present understanding and predictive capability for such flows is limited. The aim of the present study is to clarify the flow physics involved in rim sealing flows and to provide high quality experimental data for use in evaluation of CFD models. The seal considered is similar to a chute seal previously investigated by other workers, and the study focuses on the inherent unsteadiness of rim seal flows, rather than unsteadiness imposed by the rotating blades. Unsteady pressure measurements from radially and circumferentially distributed transducers are presented for flow in a rotor-stator disc cavity and the rim seal without imposed external flow. The test matrix covered ranges in rotational Reynolds number, Re∅, and non-dimensional flow rate, , of 2.2 –3.0x106 and 0 – 3.5x103 respectively. Distinct frequencies are identified in the cavity flow and detailed analysis of the pressure data associates these with large scale flow structures rotating about the axis. This confirms the occurrence of such structures as predicted in previously published CFD studies and provides new data for detailed assessment of CFD models.
Managing broiler production challenges at high altitude

Abstract This review covers the challenges of broiler chickens at high altitude, with the focus on growth performance and physiological response. The review also sheds light on nutritional and management interventions that help overcome the challenges raised at high altitude. Reduced concentration of atmospheric oxygen is by far the biggest challenge that remarkably affect growth performance and livability of broiler chickens reared in high altitude area. Broiler chickens have endured intensive genetic selection, which potentially predispose them to several metabolic disorders. Hypoxia is an overriding factor that may increase the incidence of metabolic disorders, mainly ascites syndrome at high altitude. Commercial broiler strains cannot fully achieve their genetic potential when raising at highland regions. Careful nutrition and management considerations are required to prevent metabolic disorders when raising broilers at high altitude. In ovo or in‐feed nutraceuticals such as l‐carnitine and guanidinoacetic acid as well as pharmaceuticals, texture of feed and the use of proper sources and levels of dietary energy and protein are important factors that need to be carefully considered for rearing broiler chickens at high altitude. Management strategies such as lighting programs have been shown to be effective to circumvent ascites prevalence. Special breeding programs may also be considered to develop strains with resistance to ascites.
American Cancer Society nutrition and physical activity guideline for cancer survivors

The overall 5‐year relative survival rate for all cancers combined is now 68%, and there are over 16.9 million survivors in the United States. Evidence from laboratory and observational studies suggests that factors such as diet, physical activity, and obesity may affect risk for recurrence and overall survival after a cancer diagnosis. The purpose of this American Cancer Society guideline is to provide evidence‐based, cancer‐specific recommendations for anthropometric parameters, physical activity, diet, and alcohol intake for reducing recurrence and cancer‐specific and overall mortality. The audiences for this guideline are health care providers caring for cancer survivors as well as cancer survivors and their families. The guideline is intended to serve as a resource for informing American Cancer Society programs, health policy, and the media. Sources of evidence that form the basis of this guideline are systematic literature reviews, meta‐analyses, pooled analyses of cohort studies, and large randomized clinical trials published since 2012. Recommendations for nutrition and physical activity during cancer treatment, informed by current practice, large cancer care organizations, and reviews of other expert bodies, are also presented. To provide additional context for the guidelines, the authors also include information on the relationship between health‐related behaviors and comorbidities, long‐term sequelae and patient‐reported outcomes, and health disparities, with attention to enabling survivors' ability to adhere to recommendations. Approaches to meet survivors' needs are addressed as well as clinical care coordination and resources for nutrition and physical activity counseling after a cancer diagnosis.
The effect of pre-analytical and physiological variables on cell-free DNA fragmentation

Assays that account for the biological properties and fragmentation of cell-free DNA (cfDNA) can improve the performance of liquid biopsy. However, pre-analytic and physiological differences between individuals on fragmentomic analysis are poorly defined. We analyzed the impact of collection tube, plasma processing time and physiology on the size distribution of cfDNA, their genome-wide representation and sequence diversity at the cfDNA fragment-ends using shallow Whole Genome Sequencing. We observed that using different stabilizing collection tubes, or processing times does not affect the cfDNA fragment sizes, but can impact the genome-wide fragmentation patterns and fragment-end sequences of cfDNA. In addition, beyond differences depending on the gender, the physiological conditions tested between 63 individuals (age, body mass index, use of medication and chronic conditions) minimally influenced the outcome of fragmentomic methods. Our results highlight that fragmentomic approaches have potential for implementation in the clinic, pending clear traceability of analytical and physiological factors.
Micro‐morphological diversity of pollen among Asteraceous taxa from Potohar Plateau‐Pakistan

Microscopic pollen characters from 19 species of family Asteraceae collected from different areas of the Potohar Plateau of Pakistan have been investigated using light and scanning electron microscopy. This study uses microscopic techniques to provide detailed information on pollen and its exine structure based on qualitative and quantitative characters. The present study has observed three types of pollen grains based on their apertures, that is, trizonocolporate, tetrazonocolporate, and tricolporate. Exine sculpturing is echinate in all studied taxa. Some species also exhibit Lacunae which differ in their shape and sizes. The size of the spines and the number of spines between the colpi play a vital role in differentiating the species of the same genus. Pollen fertility ranges from 94.3 to 74.19, showing that these species are well established in the study area. For the correct identification of species, a light and scanning electron microscopy was used that provides sufficient information for a taxonomist to distinguish species taxonomically.
Effects of fitness and fatness on age‐related arterial stiffening in people with type 2 diabetes

People with type 2 diabetes (T2D) are at a greater risk of cardiovascular disease than the general population. Both non‐modifiable (age) and modifiable (low aerobic fitness, high body fatness) factors are separately predictive of cardiovascular risk, although they often occur concomitantly. This study aimed to examine the (1) association between age and arterial stiffness, a subclinical marker of cardiovascular risk; and (2) effects of body fatness and aerobic fitness on age‐related increases in arterial stiffness in people with T2D. Data from 64 individuals with T2D (age 59.8 ± 8.7 years, 40% female, HbA1c 8.4 ± 1.6%) were included in this cross‐sectional analysis. Carotid‐femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV) was used to quantify arterial stiffness. Aerobic fitness (relative V̇O2peak) was determined via indirect calorimetry during maximal exercise testing. Central body fatness was determined using waist circumference. Data were analysed using hierarchical multiple regressions. After adjustment for sex and duration of T2D, each one standard deviation (SD) increase in age (8.68 years) was associated with a 0.63 m·s−1 increase in cfPWV (β = 0.416, p = 0.001). Following adjustment for aerobic fitness and body fatness, the standardized β was unchanged (0.417). A one SD increase in waist circumference (13.9 cm) and relative V̇O2peak (5.3 ml·kg−1·min−1) were associated with a similar magnitude of difference in cfPWV (0.47 m·s−1 and −0.44 m·s−1, respectively). Therefore, age is a significant correlate of increased arterial stiffness in T2D, with higher aerobic fitness attenuating, and higher body fatness exacerbating, this increase. Interventions aimed at improving cardiovascular outcomes in people with T2D should target both increased aerobic fitness and reduced body fatness.
Mild cognitive impairment as a clinical and research outcome: Ready for prime time?

Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) was first introduced as a transitional stage between normal cognitive function and dementia. While conceptually straightforward, MCI has resisted simple definitions and remains a complex, heterogeneous clinical entity. Specifically, MCI is often subdivided into single-domain versus multi-domain and amnestic versus non-amnestic MCI, with each of these subtypes showing differential risks of progression to dementia. While patients across all MCI subtypes appear to have an elevated risk of progression to dementia compared to older adults with normal cognition, most MCI patients (regardless of subtype) do not progress to dementia or revert to normal cognition on follow-up.3,5–10 To decrease the risk of progression from normal cognition to MCI and ultimately dementia, recent research has focused on modification of cardiovascular risk factors, such as hypertension and diabetes. The Systolic Blood Pressure Intervention Trial-Memory and Cognition in Decreased Hypertension (SPRINT-MIND) study examined whether participants with cardiovascular risk factors randomized to more intensive blood pressure (BP) treatment had improved cognitive outcomes. While intensive BP treatment led to a nonstatistically significant reduction in all-cause probable dementia, the study found that intensive BP treatment led to a statistically significant reduction in MCI and the combined outcome of MCI or probable dementia.
Lifetime based axial contrast enable simple 3D-STED imaging

Stimulated Emission Depletion (STED) microscopy increase spatial image resolution by laterally sharpening the illumination profile of the confocal microscope. However, it remains compromised in axial resolution. To improve axial STED resolution, constructive interference of the STED depletion beam must be formed surrounding the focal plane to turn off the fluorophores beyond the focal plane. For isotropic 3D-STED resolution, this axial STED interference pattern must be overlayed with the doughnut STED beam at nanometer accuracy. Such optical configurations can be challenging in alignment. In this current work, we introduced a straightforward lifetime based axial contrast in STED microscope by imaging the samples on an ITO coated glass coverslip. The STED laser generates surface plasmon resonance on the ITO surface that enhanced the metal induced energy transfer MIET effect on the ITO surface. The enhanced MIET effect established a lifetime gradient with ∼20% dynamic range that extend for mor than 400 nm from the ITO surface. The axial contrast based on the lifetime gradient was directly used for 3D-STED imaging of tubulin fibers inside COS-7 cells, where the vertical displacement of single tubulin fiber was revealed. Lifetime gating could be applied to further improve lateral spatial resolution. Considering that most common implementation of STED microscopes uses pulsed lasers and timing electronics, there is no optical modification of the microscope is required in the current 3D-STED approach.
Knockdown of long noncoding RNA HUMT inhibits the proliferation and metastasis by regulating miR-455-5p/LRP4 axis in hepatocellular carcinoma

ABSTRACT The present study aimed at investigating the effects and mechanism of long noncoding RNA highly upregulated in metastatic triple-negative breast cancer lymph node (lncRNA HUMT) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction was used to assess the expression of HUMT, microRNA (miR)-455-5p, and low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 4 (LRP4) in HCC tissues. Colony forming and 5-ethynyl-2′-deoxyuridine assays were performed to assess cell proliferation. Transwell assay was performed to measure cell migration and invasion. Cell cycle distribution was assessed using flow cytometry. The protein expression of LRP4, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), matrix metallopeptidase 2 (MMP-2), and MMP-9 was detected using western blot. Luciferase reporter assay and RNA immunoprecipitation assay was used to confirm the target association between miR-455-5p and HUMT or LRP4. In our study, the level of HUMT was enhanced in HCC tissues and cells. Cell proliferation, invasion, and migration in HCC cells were repressed by knockdown of HUMT, and knockdown of HUMT arrested cells in G1 phase and decreased the levels of PCNA, MMP-2, and MMP-9. MiR-455-5p was a target of HUMT. Lowexpression of miR-455-5p reversed the inhibitive influence on HCC cells induced by of HUMT silencing. LRP4 was a target of miR-455-5p and was negatively regulated by miR-455-5p. In addition, LRP4 expression was positively modified by HUMT, and LRP4 inhibited the inhibitory effects on HCC cells induced by HUMT silencing. In conclusion, HCC cell proliferation, invasion, and migration were restrained by knockdown of HUMT, which was related to the miR-455-5p/LRP4 axis. Graphical Abstract
Interdependence of Shigella flexneri O Antigen and Enterobacterial Common Antigen Biosynthetic Pathways

Bacterial outer membrane polysaccharides play key roles in a range of bacterial activities from homeostasis to virulence. Two such OM polysaccharide populations are ECA and LPS Oag, which are synthesized by separate homologs of the Wzy-dependent pathway. ABSTRACT Outer membrane (OM) polysaccharides allow bacteria to resist harsh environmental conditions and antimicrobial agents, traffic to and persist in pathogenic niches, and evade immune responses. Shigella flexneri has two OM polysaccharide populations, being enterobacterial common antigen (ECA) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) O antigen (Oag); both are polymerized into chains by separate homologs of the Wzy-dependent pathway. The two polysaccharide pathways, along with peptidoglycan (PG) biosynthesis, compete for the universal biosynthetic membrane anchor, undecaprenyl phosphate (Und-P), as the finite pool of available Und-P is critical in all three cell wall biosynthetic pathways. Interactions between the two OM polysaccharide pathways have been proposed in the past where, through the use of mutants in both pathways, various perturbations have been observed. Here, we show for the first time that mutations in one of the two OM polysaccharide pathways can affect each other, dependent on where the mutation lies along the pathway, while the second pathway remains genetically intact. We then expand on this and show that the mutations also affect PG biosynthesis pathways and provide data which supports that the classical mutant phenotypes of cell wall mutants are due to a lack of available Und-P. Our work here provides another layer in understanding the complex intricacies of the cell wall biosynthetic pathways and demonstrates their interdependence on Und-P, the universal biosynthetic membrane anchor. IMPORTANCE Bacterial outer membrane polysaccharides play key roles in a range of bacterial activities from homeostasis to virulence. Two such OM polysaccharide populations are ECA and LPS Oag, which are synthesized by separate homologs of the Wzy-dependent pathway. Both ECA and LPS Oag biosynthesis join with PG biosynthesis to form the cell wall biosynthetic pathways, which all are interdependent on the availability of Und-P for proper function. Our data show the direct effects of cell wall pathway mutations affecting all related pathways when they themselves remain genetically unchanged. This work furthers our understanding of the complexities and interdependence of the three cell wall pathways.
‘Everyone is trying to outcompete each other’: a qualitative study of medical student attitudes to a novel peer‐assessed undergraduate teamwork module

The centrality of teamwork in ensuring the effective functioning of institutions across all sectors is undeniable. However, embedding teamwork into higher education has been hampered due to a range of deeply entrenched practices associated broadly with the foregrounding of knowledge, beliefs about the place of skill training and routines of assessment. As a result, despite an urgent need to address teamwork, little progress has been made with respect to progressing teamwork education. We have designed and evaluated a novel teamwork module delivered to fourth‐year undergraduate medical students involving placements, a cocreated piece of work, reflection and summative peer assessment. This paper aimed to investigate whether the module increased students’ insight into teamwork, including their own skill development, and whether their perceptions of teamwork changed. Throughout the evaluation, students played a key role, with four final‐year medical students working alongside others in the multidisciplinary project team. Five distinct themes emerged from our in‐depth, semi‐structured interviews: (a) importance and meaning; (b) insight into skill development; (c) transferability; (d) peer assessment; and (e) resistance to teamwork education. Themes had positive and negative components, and student perceptions changed in multiple ways after experiencing a longitudinal educational opportunity to develop their teamwork skills. Before practice, students focused on superficial explanations and on where they might improve. In contrast, after practice, students conveyed deeper insights, contextualisation, focus on how they might improve, and shared structured reflection.
Clinical and demographic factors associated with pediatric difficult intravenous access in the operating room

Pediatric intravenous catheter insertion can be difficult in the operating room due to the technical challenges of small diameter vessels and the need to rapidly gain intravenous access in anesthetized children. Few studies have examined factors associated with difficult vascular access in the operating room, especially accounting for the increased possibility to use ultrasound guidance.