Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Les rythmes circadiens d'alimentation chez les téléostéens

Les rythmes circadiens d'alimentation de plusieurs especes, choisies en fonction de leur appartenance a des niches ecologiques distinctes, et pour leur capacite adaptative aux conditions d'elevage (carpe, Cyprinus carpio; bar, Dicentrarchus labrax; atipa, Hoplosternum littorale; truite arc-en-ciel, Oncorhynchus mykiss; tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus; turbot, Psetta maxima; saumon atlantique, Salmo salar; silure glane, Silurus glanis), ont ete etudies en conditions controlees et avec un acces permanent a une source d'aliment, en utilisant des distributeurs d'aliment a la demande relies a un ordinateur. Toutes les especes ont exprime un rythme d'activite alimentaire, a caractere fortement diume pour certaines d'entre elles, et nocturne pour d'autres. Certaines especes comme le bar ou la carpe ont cependant demontre leur capacite a inverser leur rythme alimentaire, passant de nocturne a diurne ou inversement, sans que l'origine de ces inversions ait pu etre clairement determinee. L'etude des profils nycthemeraux de variables endocriniennes et physiologiques a permis de confirmer l'existence de fluctuations nycthemerales pour la plupart d'entre elles. Cependant, leur relation avec l'activite alimentaire n'est pas apparue de facon nette, un decalage de l'heure d'alimentation entrainant le plus souvent une diminution de l'amplitude des fluctuations nycthemerales du parametre etudie, et non une modification de l'heure de son acrophase.
Intestinal parasites of unisexual and bisexual lizards Darevskia spp. (Lacertidae) from Northeastern Anatolia

Summary Four bisexual and two unisexual species of the lizard genus Darevskia from northeastern Anatolia were searched for intestinal parasites in adult specimens. One cestode, Nematotaenia tarentolae, and two nematode species, Spauligodon saxicolae and Strongyloides darevskyi, were found, the latest identified as a Darevskia specialist. No major differences between host species were recorded. The very low infection rates and diversity result in depauperate helminth communities for all these lacertid lizards being the lowest among the Palaearctic saurians. Patterns of these helminth communities are compared with those observed in other lacertid lizards from Anatolia and Europe.
The surdough microflora. Characterization of heterofermentative lactic acid bacteria based on acidification kinetics and impedance test

Forty strains of Lactobacillus brevis subsp. lindneri, L. brevis, L. fructivorans, L. fermentum and L. cellobiosus isolated from Italian wheat sourdoughs and 5 ATCC type strains (one per species) were characterized on the basis of 7 parameters of acidification kinetics and 3 impedance test parameters. The total change and the maximum rate of conductance were statistically correlated with several parameters of acidification kinetics. The Principal Component Analysis (PCA) conducted on 6 parameters of acidification kinetics differentiated the strains and formed 5 groups according to species number. The differences between lactic acid bacteria isolated from the sourdoughs and the type strains, and several strains that behaved differently from their representative group were shown. The characterization defined by the analytical procedure, with a slight exception for L. cellobiosus, was confirmed during the sourdough fermentation with selected starters. A comparison between the acidification activities of sourdough hetero- and homo-fermentative (previously characterized) lactic acid bacteria was given.
Genetic Potential to Improve Tomato Flavor in Commercial F1 Hybrids

F1 hybrids between high sugar and acid lines of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) were rated higher in sweetness, ‘tomato-like’, and overall flavor intensity than the high-acid parent common to the crosses. Titratable acidity and soluble solids content were responsible for most of the observed differences in sweetness. The results indicate that improved tomato flavor can be achieved by genetically enhancing sugar and acid content. Rapid gains in flavor quality might be achieved in horticulturally acceptable types through F1 hybrids.
Growth-cum-tillering pattern and its effect on productivity of sugarcane (Saccharum species hybrid complex) genotypes under different planting seasons and nitrogen levels in subtropical India

A field experiment was conducted during 1997-2001 having 3 factors, sugarcane genotypes ('CoS 91230', 'CoS 91269' and 'UP 39'), planting seasons (autumn cane sole, autumn cane + indian mustard [Brassica juncea (L.) Czernj& Cosson. ] and nitrogen levels (112.5, 150 and 187.5 kg N/ha). Genotype 'CoS 91269' gave the maximum cane yield (75.61 tonnes/ha) and cane-equivalent yield (95.93 tonnes/ha). Autumn planting of cane with indian mustard intercropping fetched highest cane-equivalent yield (86. 33 tonnes/ha). Increasing nitrogen levels up to 150 kg N/ha increased the cane yield significantly. Juice purity was the highest (93.3%) with autumn cane + indian mustard compared with other planting seasons. The ratoon of 'CoS 91269' showed the highest individual cane weight, yield and commercial cane sugar (CCS 7.36 and 7.72 tonnes/ha during first and second cropping seasons, respectively). Ratoon of spring cane had an edge over the ratoon of autumn (sole) crop/autumn cane+ intercrop with respect to number of millable canes, growth, yield and commercial cane sugar.
Adsorption and Efficacy of Trifluralin and Butralin as Influenced by Soil Properties

Significantly higher rates of butralin [4-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-N-(1-methylpropyl)-2,6-dinitrobenzenamine] were required to produce the same level of weed control as trifluralin [2,6-dinitro -N,N-dipropyl-4-(trifluoromethyl) benzenamine] when applied to soybeans [Glycine max (L.) Merr. ] on seven different soils in the field. Higher rates of butralin were also required to control barnyardgrass [Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) Beauv. ♯ ECHCG] in growth chamber studies. No differences in the extent of soil adsorption of trifluralin and butralin were apparent; therefore, differences in efficacy could not be attributed to differences in soil adsorption. Herbicide rates required for 80% weed control and Freundlich K-values (adsorption capacity indices) were mostly highly correlated with soil organic-matter content and soil surface area as measured by benzyl ethyl ether (BEE) and ethylene glycol monoethyl ether (EGME) on nine soils. Analysis of the organic-matter content of the nine soils by 10 soil testing laboratories resulted in highly significant differences among laboratories.
Investigation on the Occurrence of Poultry Diseases at Dhaka Region of Bangladesh

During the period of the investigation from July 2016 to June 2017, a total of 3066 samples of poultry either sick or dead were examined for diagnosis of diseases on the basis of clinical history, clinical sings, postmortem and other laboratories examination at Central Disease Investigation Laboratory (CDIL), Dhaka, Bangladesh. Among the overall disease prevalence of viral diseases 33.02% (newcastle disease 30.30%, infectious bursal disease 1.86% and avian influenza 0.82%) followed by bacterial 24.61% (colibacillosis 10.37%, salmonellosis 7.19%, fowl cholera 6.90% and staphylococcal infection 0.13%), protozoal 15.97% (coccidiosis) and fungal 15.10% (aspergillosis 8.07% and mycoplasmosis 7.03%) diseases. On the basis of age, disease prevalence was recorded as 37.96% among the age group of >3 to 5 weeks followed by >5 weeks (36.67%), >1 to 3 weeks (18.44%) and 0 to 1 week of poultry. The overall prevalence of poultry diseases was significantly (p<0.001) higher in summer (93.76) followed by winter (89.26%) and rainy (72.99%) season. The results of the current study may help to know the prevalence of poultry diseases for the improvement of poultry production at Dhaka region of Bangladseh.
Characterization of sheath rot pathogens from major rice-growing areas in Rwanda

Around one century ago, a rice disease characterized mainly by rotting of sheaths was reported in Taiwan. The causal agent was identified as Acrocylindrium oryzae, later known as Sarocladium oryzae. Since then it has become clear that various other organisms can cause similar disease symptoms, including Fusarium spp. and fluorescent pseudomonads. These organisms have in common that they produce a range of phytotoxins that induce necrosis in plants. The same agents also cause grain discoloration, chaffiness and sterility and are all seed-transmitted. Rice sheath rot disease symptoms are found in all rice-growing areas of the world. The disease is now getting momentum and is considered as an important emerging rice production threat. The disease can lead to variable yield losses, which can be as high as 85%. This review aims at improving our understanding of the disease etiology of rice sheath rot and mainly deals with the three most reported rice sheath rot pathogens: Sarocladium oryzae, the Fusarium fujikuroi complex and Pseudomonas fuscovaginae. Causal agents, pathogenicity determinants, interactions among the various pathogens, epidemiology, geographical distribution and control options will be discussed. 2.
Effect of the season and forest management on the visual quality of the nature-based tourism environment: a case from Finnish Lapland

ABSTRACT The growth of nature-based tourism has raised the need to better understand tourists’ expectations towards outdoor recreation environments. There is little knowledge, however, of international tourists’ attitudes towards forest management practises or of their effect during winter. This study investigated how commercial forests correspond to the environmental expectations of international nature-based tourists and how the season affects tourists’ landscape preferences. Altogether 750 foreign visitors to Finnish Lapland responded to a survey and evaluated photographs presenting various types of forest landscapes in summer and winter. Beautiful scenery was the most important motive for the choice of travel destination and for participating in outdoor recreation. The results highlight the strong impact of seasons on the perceived quality of the landscape in commercial forests. Seasonal differences are largest in regeneration areas as snow cover mitigates the effects of forestry operations. Even-aged, middle-aged and mature forest stands were considered to be suitable for tourism in both summer and winter. There is a demand for adapted management regimes in commercial forests targeting year-round nature-based tourism. In conclusion, forestry and tourism can coexist in the same area with good planning and with management actions that take visual quality and recreational values of the environment into account.
Host Ingestion of Rapamycin Increased Nematode and Cestode Reproduction

In the push to determine a means to decrease the rate of biological aging in humans, conclusions about over-the-counter use of some anti-aging drugs may be premature. Rapamycin is one drug that, while currently prescribed as an immunosuppressant for various organ transplant recipients, is also being investigated by the National Institutes of Health for over-thecounter use. The presence of intestinal parasites (such as helminths) in the United States is rarely noticed, but intestinal parasitic infections do occur in the United States and citizens of the United States have wide access to over-the-counter drugs. Using rapamycin as an over-the-counter option to combat biological aging, without understanding the effects of rapamycin on susceptibility to parasites, may be deleterious. For my thesis, I examined the effects of rapamycin ingestion by hosts on (1) host susceptibility to two parasite species and (2) on growth and reproduction of the parasites. I found that parasitized hosts food intake, or body mass did not differ between diets, but there was a significant initial increase in body mass and food intake decreased after infection regardless of diet. The rapamycin-fed hosts that were infected with nematodes had a significant decrease in parasite specific immunoglobulin (Ig) G1 when compared to the parasitized hosts on control chow, but for mice infected with the cestode there was no difference in parasite-specific IgG1. Despite changes in IgG1 production, the thymus wet mass, total number of thymus cells, and differential white blood cell counts did not differ for parasitized hosts on rapamycin diet compared to parasitized hosts on control diet. Increase in eosinophil production occurred as expected during nematode infection regardless of diet, but was lessened during cestode infection for rapamycin-fed mice. The infection intensity in the host from either parasite did not differ between diets. The worm length for nematodes did not differ between the host diets, but worms taken from hosts on the rapamycin diet had a significant increase in egg output when compared to worms taken from mice on control chow. Cestodes
Regulation of Nitrogen Assimilation in Green Microalgae

AbstractGreen microalgae have evolved a diversity of regulatory mechanisms for assimilating inorganic and organic nitrogen compounds. Ammonium, which is a preferred nitrogen source under most conditions, is usually assimilated via the glutamine synthetase/glutamate synthase (GS/GOGAT) cycle. However, some green microalgae assimilate ammonium via NADP-dependent glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) under high ammonium conditions (e.g., Chlorella species), or under conditions of restricted nitrogen supply (Stichococcus bacillaris, which possesses a high-affinity NADP-GDH). NAD-dependent glutamate dehydrogenase appears to function mainly under heterotrophic conditions, and when amino acids serve as sources of nitrogen, thus suggesting a catabolic role for this enzyme. In S. bacillaris, when ammonium assimilation occurs chiefly via the GS/GOGAT cycle, GS1 (cytosolic isozyme) appears to be responsible for glutamine synthesis in the dark, and GS2 (chloroplastic isozyme) in the light. S. bacillaris synthesizes GS2 and N.
Genetic Research on Fruit Color Traits of the Bitter Gourd (Momordica charantia L.)

The objective of this study was to determine the genetic model of fruit color in the bitter gourd (Momordica charantia L.). Six generations (P1, P2, F1, F2, BCP1, and BCP2) in the hybrid set “MS 41 × MS 47” were used to estimate the genetic effects via generation mean analysis (GMA). The fruit color of the F1 population was green implying the green color was dominant over the white color. The fruit color of the F2 population showed a continuous distribution from white to dark green indicating this trait was controlled by quantitative genes. Genetic analyses using the Royal Horticultural Society scoring system (RHS score) fitted the three parameters model (χ3 = 1.59, P = 0.6607) and showed significant to highly significant additive and dominance effects, respectively. The GMA results of the six parameters model revealed a significant additive effect on chlorophyll b concentration. Chlorophyll a and total chlorophyll concentrations were nonsignificant in all parameters. The magnitudes of additive and additive × additive gene effects were larger than those of the dominance and dominance × dominance gene effects, which revealed that additive genes were more important in the contribution to chlorophyll concentrations. Broad-sense heritability estimates for color traits were 0.39, 0.611, 0.470, and 0.460 for concentrations of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll, and RHS score, respectively. In contrast to previous findings, with the GMA analysis we believe that the genetic model of fruit color in bitter gourd is clearly a quantitative model.
Morphological review of the freshwater fairy shrimp Dendrocephalus brasiliensis Pesta, 1921 (Anostraca: Thamnocephalidae)

Information concerning the morphology of Dendrocephalus brasiliensis Pesta, 1921 is currently fragmented. This study reviewed the morphological structures described previously and new features (e.g., antenna-like structures and gonopod). We review the distribution of this species and also expand the geographic distribution of D. brasiliensis in the state of Alagoas. The specimens were obtained from fish-breeding tanks in Porto Real do Colegio, Alagoas, Brazil, in November 2012. Several morphological structures of D. brasiliensis are described in greater detail, including all branches and sub-branches from the frontal appendage and thoracopods from one population and compared to other species.
Conservation implications of high genetic variation in two closely related and highly threatened species of Crambe (Brassicaceae) endemic to the island of Gran Canaria: C. tamadabensis and C. pritzelii

We used data from 12 allozyme loci for two endemic Brassicaceae from Gran Canaria (the endangered narrow endemic Crambe tamadabensis and its more widespread congener C. pritzelii) to assess whether their genetic diversity patterns reflect their phylogenetic closeness and contrasting population sizes and distribution areas, and to derive conservation implications. Genetic diversity values are high for both species and slightly higher in C. tamadabensis, despite its narrow distribution in north‐western Gran Canaria. At odds with the generally high interpopulation diversity levels reported in Canarian endemics, values of GST in C. tamadabensis and C. pritzelii are rather low (0.067 and 0.126, respectively). We construe that the higher genetic structure detected in C. pritzelii is mainly a result of unbalanced allele frequencies and low population sizes at the edges of its distribution. The overall high allozyme variation detected in C. tamadabensis and C. pritzelii is nevertheless compatible with an incipient but consistent genetic differentiation between the two species, modulated by recurrent bottlenecks caused by grazing and drift. Our data suggest that conservation efforts aimed at maintaining the existing genetic connectivity in each species and ex situ conservation of seeds are the best strategies to conserve their genetic diversity.
Regulation of human eosinophil apoptosis

Eosinophils play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of asthma and allergic disease. The accumulation and persistence of eosinophils at sites of inflammation are mediated at least in part by the extended survival of eosinophils in response to circulating hematopoietins IL-3, IL-5 and GM-CSF. The apoptosis and subsequent clearance of eosinophils without histotoxic mediator release is thought to be crucial in the resolution of airway inflammation in asthma. This study characterised the morphological and biochemical events of human eosinophil apoptosis in vitro and investigated the mechanism by which IL-5 induces eosinophil survival. Peripheral blood eosinophils have a distinct expression profile of Bcl-2 homologues, critical regulators of apoptosis, with detectable expression of pro-apoptotic family homologues Bax, Bcl-xs, Bim, Bak, Bid, and Bad, and anti-apoptotic homologue B c1-x l , with little or no detectable Bcl-2 expression. Stimulation with IL-5 induced modest upregulation of Bcl-2 mRNA and protein, with no significant modulation of the other Bcl-2 homologues examined. Caspases are the conserved executioners of the apoptosis. Eosinophils endogenously expressed ‘initiator’ caspase8 and -9, and ‘effector’ caspase-3, -6 , and -7. Spontaneous eosinophil apoptosis involved caspase-independent translocation of Bax to the mitochondria, resulting in perturbation of the mitochondrial membrane, cytochrome c release, and subsequent activation of caspase-3, -6 , -7, -8 , and -9. IL-5 inhibited constitutive eosinophil apoptosis at a site upstream of Bax translocation to the mitochondria, thereby preventing cytochrome c release and caspase activation. Eosinophils constitutively expressed the conformationally active form of Bax diffusely in the cytosol, but predominantly in the nucleus. Apoptosis induced by Fas receptor ligation involved detectable activation of caspase3 and 8 , and caspase-dependent Bax translocation to the mitochondria, supporting classification of eosinophils as a Type II cell in terms of apoptotic control. The data implicate Bax and mitochondria as pivotal regulators of eosinophil apoptosis in response to diverse stimuli.
Associations between early lactation milk protein concentrations and the intervals to calving for Holstein cows of differing parity

High milk protein concentrations (MP%) have been positively associated with the reproductive performance of lactating dairy cows. No studies have measured the effects of this association on subsequent calving dates in multiparous cows, nor assessed whether the underlying causal mechanisms are present in nulliparous heifers. Holstein cows (primiparous = 918; multiparous = 4242) were selected from herds that had seasonally concentrated calving patterns resulting from seasonally restricted breeding periods. In seasonally calving herds, the date of a herd’s planned start of calving (PSC date) is the average gestation length of 282 days after the date that the preceding breeding period commenced, so that the interval from the herd’s PSC date to each cow’s actual calving date (PSC-to-calving interval) primarily reflects the time to conception from the start of the breeding period in the previous year. This measure was used to compare associations between the average MP% during the first 120 days of lactation and time to the calving that initiated that lactation in primiparous and multiparous cows. Early lactation MP% was negatively associated with PSC-to-calving interval. A 1% difference in MP% was associated with an 8-day difference in the average PSC-to-calving interval in primiparous cows and a 31–35-day difference in the average interval in multiparous cows. The observed associations between early lactation MP% and PSC-to-calving interval are likely to involve determinants present during a cow’s breeding period that affect the probability of conception. Some of these determinants are not restricted to early lactation as the association between MP% and PSC-to-calving interval in primiparous cows is a reflection of the reproductive performance in nulliparous heifers at ~15 months of age.
Delay implant strategy in calf-fed Holstein steers: growth performance and carcass characteristics

ABSTRACT The influence of live weight (LW) at first implanting on growth performance and carcass characteristics was evaluated in calf-fed Holstein fed a steam-flaked corn-based diet. Treatments were: (1) control (not implanted); (2) first implanted at 267 kg LW; (3) first implanted at 291 kg LW, and (4) first implanted at 321 kg LW. All implanted cattle were re-implanted on d-112 of trial. Both the initial and final implants contained 120 mg of trenbolone acetate and 24 mg of oestradiol. Compared with non-implanted controls, implanting increased (P < .01) overall dry matter intake (DMI, 5.9%), average daily gain (ADG,16.7%), gain efficiency (ADG:DMI; 9.4%), and estimated dietary net energy for maintenance (NEm, 8.6%) and gain (NEg, 9.7%). Increasing LW at first implanting decreased overall DMI (linear effect; P = .01), but did not affect overall ADG (P = .17) or gain efficiency (P = .32). Within the range of 267–321 kg, weight at first implanting did not affect growth-performance or carcass characteristics. Interval growth performance of implanted and non-implanted calves was a predictable function of LW.