Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Land drainage functioning and hydrological impacts in rural catchments: model development and field experiments

The development of an integrated theory of subsurface drainage based on hydrology and hydrogeology concepts is presented. The historical context, the main hypothesis derived from the Boussinesq equation and the validation of the model predictions are discussed. Theoretical developments of this equation demonstrate that a single parameter ( σ )—a combination of soil and drainage system properties—is su ffi cient for predicting the dynamics of subsurface drain flow rates. We also demonstrate that these drain flow rates are a function of the level of water replenishment in the sys-tem (classically the water table elevation), of the recharge intensity of the aquifer and of a bu ff er function related to the swelling or deflation of the water table shape during recharge events. For values of σ > 1, the bu ff er role of the water table is negligible. In that case approx. 13% of the water table recharge contributes to the flow rate, which is shown to explain the observed disconnection between water table elevations and peak flow rates at the outlet of classic agricultural drainage systems and to predict these peak flow rates accurately. A modelling approach based on this theory and validated experimentally (SIDRA model) allowed us to test the quality of the peak flow prediction. The SIDRA model also includes a surface runo ff module and has been coupled to di ff erent modelling tools and used to analyse the impacts of subsurface drainage on water quality. The approach contributed to-wardsthedevelopmentoftoolsthathelpedtoconnectbetterthedrainagesystemstothehydrological functioning of watersheds.
A Heuristic Approach to Solving Travelling Salesman Problems

A code for solving travelling salesman problem employing heuristic ideas is described. Acyclic permutations of the cities are constructed by first choosing two cities at random for a permutation of length two, putting the remaining cities in a random list and then inserting cities from the list in the partially constructed permutations so that they add least to the length of the partial tour. A second heuristic idea used in the code is that of breaking up the problem into convex, or almost convex sub-problems and employing the above-mentioned heuristic on these subproblems. Numerical experience with the code is described as well as weaknesses and strengths of the method.
Development of structure in pores and sunspots: flows around axisymmetric magnetic flux tubes

Flux elements, pores and sunspots form a family of magnetic features observed at the solar surface. As a first step towards developing a fully nonlinear model of the structure of these features and of the dynamics of their interaction with solar convection, we conduct numerical experiments on idealised axisymmetric flux tubes in a compressible convecting atmosphere in cylindrical boxes of radius up to eight times their depth. We find that the magnetic field strength of the flux tubes is roughly independent of both distance from the centre and the total flux content of the flux tube, but that the angle of inclination from the vertical of the field at the edge of the tube increases with flux content. In all our calculations, fluid motion converges on the flux tube at the surface. The results compare favourably with observations of pores; in contrast, large sunspots lie at the centre of an out-flowing moat cell. We conjecture that there is an inflow hidden beneath the penumbrae of large spots, and that this inflow is responsible for the remarkable longevity of such features.
Modulation of Thermal Convection Instability

The linear stability problem for a fluid in a classical Benard geometry, when the temperature gradient has both a steady and a time‐periodic component, is considered. The modulating effect of the oscillatory gradient on the stability characteristics of the basic configuration is examined. It is found that, in general, there is enhancement of the critical value of a suitably defined Rayleigh number.
Synaptic long-term potentiation realized in Pavlov's dog model based on a NiOx-based memristor

Synaptic Long-Term Potentiation (LTP), which is a long-lasting enhancement in signal transmission between neurons, is widely considered as the major cellular mechanism during learning and memorization. In this work, a NiOx-based memristor is found to be able to emulate the synaptic LTP. Electrical conductance of the memristor is increased by electrical pulse stimulation and then spontaneously decays towards its initial state, which resembles the synaptic LTP. The lasting time of the LTP in the memristor can be estimated with the relaxation equation, which well describes the conductance decay behavior. The LTP effect of the memristor has a dependence on the stimulation parameters, including pulse height, width, interval, and number of pulses. An artificial network consisting of three neurons and two synapses is constructed to demonstrate the associative learning and LTP behavior in extinction of association in Pavlov's dog experiment.
Electrothermal Vessel Sealing Versus Conventional Suturing in Abdominal Hysterectomy: A Randomised Trial

Introduction: The present randomised controlled trial was conducted to compare haemostatic efficiency, operative time, and overall performance of the electrothermal bipolar vessel sealing (EBVS) system with conventional suturing in abdominal hysterectomy. Materials and methods: The trial was designed with standard parallel arms, i.e., vessel sealing and suture ligature arms. Sixty patients were block randomised into either arms with 30 patients in each. A hand-held vessel sealing instrument was used to perform a hysterectomy in the vessel sealing arm and the quality of the uterine artery seal achieved at the first attempt was graded on an ordinal scale of 1-3 to quantify haemostatic efficiency. Operative time, intra-operative blood loss, and peri-operative complications were compared between the two arms. Results: Significantly reduced mean operative time (26.97±8.92 vs 33.67±8.62 minutes; p=0.005) and intra-operative blood loss (111±53.31 mL vs 320±193.90 mL; p=0.001) was observed in the Vessel Sealing Arm compared to Suture Ligature Arm. Of total 60 uterine seals (from bilateral uterine artery transaction in 30 hysterectomies in the Vessel Sealing Arm), 83.34% were Level 1 with Complete Seal and no residual bleeding, 8.33% were Level 2 or Partial Seals with minimal bleeding, requiring the use of vessel sealers for a second time, while 8.33% had Seal Failure (Level 3) with significant bleeding requiring additional re-security of stumps with sutures. Modal pain scores on the first three postoperative days and duration of hospital stay were significantly less in the Vessel Sealer Arm, reflecting reduced postoperative morbidity. Outcomes were comparable across operators. Conclusion: Vessel Sealing System gives superior surgical results with lesser operative time, minimal blood loss, and reduced morbidity.
CONVECTION IN A HORIZONTAL POROUS LAYER UNDERLYING A FLUID LAYER IN THE PRESENCE OF NON LINEAR MAGNETIC FIELD ON BOTH LAYERS

A linear stability analysis applied to a system consist of a horizontal fluid layer overlying a layer of a porous medium affected by a vertical non-linear magnetic field on both layers. Flow in porous medium is assumed to be governed by Darcy's law. The Beavers-Joseph condition is applied at the interface between the two layers. Numerical solutions are obtained for stationary convection case using the method of expansion of Chebyshev polynomials. It is found that the spectral method has a strong ability to solve the multi-layered problem and that the magnetic field has a strong effect in his model.
Turbulence in transient channel flow

Abstract Direct numerical simulations (DNS) are performed of a transient channel flow following a rapid increase of flow rate from an initially turbulent flow. It is shown that a low-Reynolds-number turbulent flow can undergo a process of transition that resembles the laminar–turbulent transition. In response to the rapid increase of flow rate, the flow does not progressively evolve from the initial turbulent structure to a new one, but undergoes a process involving three distinct phases (pre-transition, transition and fully turbulent) that are equivalent to the three regions of the boundary layer bypass transition, namely, the buffeted laminar flow, the intermittent flow and the fully turbulent flow regions. This transient channel flow represents an alternative bypass transition scenario to the free-stream-turbulence (FST) induced transition, whereby the initial flow serving as the disturbance is a low-Reynolds-number turbulent wall shear flow with pre-existing streaky structures. The flow nevertheless undergoes a ‘receptivity’ process during which the initial structures are modulated by a time-developing boundary layer, forming streaks of apparently specific favourable spacing (of about double the new boundary layer thickness) which are elongated streamwise during the pre-transitional period. The structures are stable and the flow is laminar-like initially; but later in the transitional phase, localized turbulent spots are generated which grow spatially, merge with each other and eventually occupy the entire wall surfaces when the flow becomes fully turbulent. It appears that the presence of the initial turbulent structures does not promote early transition when compared with boundary layer transition of similar FST intensity. New turbulent structures first appear at high wavenumbers extending into a lower-wavenumber spectrum later as turbulent spots grow and join together. In line with the transient energy growth theory, the maximum turbulent kinetic energy in the pre-transitional phase grows linearly but only in terms of ${u}^{\ensuremath{\prime} } $, whilst ${v}^{\ensuremath{\prime} } $ and ${w}^{\ensuremath{\prime} } $ remain essentially unchanged. The energy production and dissipation rates are very low at this stage despite the high level of ${u}^{\ensuremath{\prime} } $. The pressure–strain term remains unchanged at that time, but increases rapidly later during transition along with the generation of turbulent spots, hence providing an unambiguous measure for the onset of transition.
Photometric variations in the Q2237 + 0305 system - First detection of a microlensing event

New photometric data are presented for the gravitationally lensed quasar system 2237 + 0305, which shows unambiguous evidence for a change in brightness of one of the four component images. This represents the first detection of a microlensing event. For the case where the source intersects the critical curve of the microlens, observational constraints on the timescale for the event allows a limit of 0.1 solar mass or less to be placed on the mass on the lensing object. The data illustrate the immense potential for obtaining information on the size of the quasar-continuum-emitting region, together with the mass function of compact objects in the lensing galaxy, through a comprehensive photometric monitoring program of the 2237 + 0305 system. 13 refs.
Hilda Geiringer-von Mises, Charlier series, ideology, and the human side of the emancipation of applied mathematics at the university of Berlin during the 1920s

The controversy surrounding Hilda Geiringer's application for “Habilitation” (permission to teach) at the University of Berlin (1925-1927) sheds some light on the struggle of “applied mathematics” for cognitive and institutional independence. The controversy as well as Geiringer's unpublished reminiscences reveal the decisive influence of Richard von Mises, Geiringer's husband since 1943, on both her career and the course of applied mathematics at the University of Berlin. Some more speculative remarks reflect on the possible ideological background of this controversy in post-World War I Germany. The debate over Geiringer's theses for Habilitation (“Habilitationsschriften”) opens up a chapter of the history of mathematical statistics, namely, expansions of a discrete distribution with an infinite number of values in a series in successive derivatives of the Poisson distribution with respect to the parameter. These expansions were first proposed by the Swedish astronomer C. L. W. Charlier (1862-1934) in 1905.
Hydromagnetic stability of current-induced flow in a small gap between concentric rotating cylinders

The stability analysis of the flow of a viscous electrically conducting fluid between concentric rotating cylinders in the presence of an axial magnetic field is extended to the case where the primary flow includes a pressure gradient acting in the azimuthal direction. The pressure gradient is produced electromagnetically by the interaction of a superimposed radial current and the uniform axial magnetic field. The assumption of small gap approximation is made and the governing equations with respect to both axisymmetric and non–axisymmetric three–dimensional disturbances are derived and solved by a direct numerical procedure. A parametric study covering wide ranges of Q, the Hartmann number which represents the strength of axial magnetic field, and β, a parameter characterizing the ratio of current induced and rotation velocities, is conducted for weakly conducting cylinders and the situation of practical interest where the outer cylinder is stationary and the inner cylinder is rotating. The area where the onset mode is non–axisymmetric is shown in the plane β,Q). It is found that the most stable state occurs approximately along a critical curve (β + 4.3) Q2 + 56250(β + 3.75) = 0 and the critical axial wavenumber always has discontinuity when the parameters Q and β cross this curve. The critical mode transition of the onset of instability will be demonstrated in detail and results for the critical wavenumber and the critical Taylor number are presented. The corresponding values of the radial current density required for the appearance of secondary flow are also determined.
Parsec-Scale Blazar Monitoring: The Data

We present the images and modeling data obtained from a dual frequency, six-epoch, VLBA polarization experiment monitoring a sample of 12 blazars. The observations were made at 15 and 22 GHz at evenly spaced, bimonthly intervals over 1996. The advent of the VLBA makes possible a data set with reliable calibration as well as regular and frequent temporal sampling. Detection of circular polarization, proper motion studies, and flux and polarization variability in the sample are some of the topics that such a data set makes available for robust investigation.
Which is More Interesting Between Gamification, Share, and Like in Customer Engagement in Millennials and Generation Z?

Background: Shopee is one of the major online retailers that offers a marketplace for exchanges of products and services between vendors and consumers, allowing for simple electronic transactions across networks and the internet. Shopee is not just a place for transactions; as it develops, it also offers a variety of conveniences for its users, such as making it simpler for users to complete daily tasks involving the purchase of goods and services, facilitating transactions, offering customers assistance with shopping-related issues, having game features that elicit strong emotions and offer numerous advantages, etc. 140 respondents were surveyed for this study, many of whom were Samarinda City Shopee users. Objective: This study aims to analyze which is more interesting between gamification, share, and like in customer engagement in millennials and gemerasi z. Method: By employing the PLS analysis technique to ascertain the influence between variables, this form of research is quantitative Result: The results of this study are broken down into ten hypotheses that explain how content marketing, gamification, and e-Women all significantly affect customer engagement, customer loyalty, and customer engagement—all of which are significantly mediated by customer engagement—and how content marketing, gamification, and e-Women significantly affect customer loyalty. Conclusion: Customer engagement, which is influenced by marketing strategies like content marketing, gamification, and e-WOM, has an impact on customer loyalty through the medium of customer engagement. This engagement is supported by quality and useful content to encourage positive comments on the content provided, and the presence of game features that offer rewards encourages customers to keep up their engagement in order to draw emotional customers who will be devoted to Shopee's goods and services.
Sequential differential ray tracing formulation for homogeneous and gradient-index lenses using automatic differentiation

Abstract. A differential ray tracing (DRT) formulation for the analysis and design of arbitrary optical systems is presented. An approach based on sequential rays is proposed to define a functional representation of the ray path, where the gradient information associated with the ray path is obtained using an automatic differentiation technique. The proposed DRT algorithm is neither constrained to a specific optical system geometry nor restricted to a set of surface types or material definition.
Suborbital Measurements of Spectral Aerosol Optical Depth and Its Variability at Subsatellite Grid Scales in Support of CLAMS 2001

As part of the Chesapeake Lighthouse and Aircraft Measurements for Satellites (CLAMS) experiment, 10 July–2 August 2001, off the central East Coast of the United States, the 14-channel NASA Ames Airborne Tracking Sunphotometer (AATS-14) was operated aboard the University of Washington’s Convair 580 (CV-580) research aircraft during 10 flights (45 flight hours). One of the main research goals in CLAMS was the validation of satellite-based retrievals of aerosol properties. The goal of this study in particular was to perform true over-ocean validations (rather than over-ocean validation with ground-based, coastal sites) at finer spatial scales and extending to longer wavelengths than those considered in previous studies. Comparisons of aerosol optical depth (AOD) between the Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET) Cimel instrument at the Chesapeake Lighthouse and airborne measurements by AATS-14 in its vicinity showed good agreement with the largest r-square correlation coefficients at wavelengths of 0.38 and 0.5 m (0.99). Coordinated low-level flight tracks of the CV-580 during Terra overpass times permitted validation of over-ocean Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) level 2 (MOD04_L2) multiwavelength AOD data (10 km 10 km, nadir) in 16 cases on three separate days. While the correlation between AATS-14- and MODIS-derived AOD was weak with an r square of 0.55, almost 75% of all MODIS AOD measurements fell within the prelaunch estimated uncertainty range 0.03 0.05. This weak correlation may be due to the small AODs (generally less than 0.1 at 0.5 m) encountered in these comparison cases. An analogous coordination exercise resulted in seven coincident over-ocean matchups between AATS-14 and Multiangle Imaging Spectroradiometer (MISR) measurements. The comparison between AATS-14 and the MISR standard algorithm regional mean AODs showed a stronger correlation with an r square of 0.94. However, MISR AODs were systematically larger than the corresponding AATS values, with an rms difference of 0.06. AATS data collected during nine extended low-level CV-580 flight tracks were used to assess the spatial variability in AOD at horizontal scales up to 100 km. At UV and midvisible wavelengths, the largest absolute gradients in AOD were 0.1–0.2 per 50-km horizontal distance. In the near-IR, analogous gradients rarely reached 0.05. On any given day, the relative gradients in AOD were remarkably similar for all wavelengths, with maximum values of 70% (50 km) 1 and more typical values of 25% (50 km) 1 . The implications of these unique measurements of AOD spatial variabilit yf or common validation practices of satellite data products and for comparisons to large-scale aerosol models are discussed.
TRPC7 facilitates cell growth and migration by regulating intracellular Ca2+ mobilization in lung adenocarcinoma cells

Transient receptor potential canonical 7 (TRPC7) has been reported to mediate aging-associated tumorigenesis, but the role of TRPC7 in cancer malignancy is still unclear. TRPC7 is associated with tumor size in patients with lung adenocarcinoma and the present study further evaluated the underlying mechanism of TRPC7 in the regulation of cancer progression. The clinicopathological role of TRPC7 was assessed using immunohistochemistry staining and the pathological mechanism of TRPC7 in lung adenocarcinoma cells was determined using cell cycle examination, invasion and calcium response assays, and immunoblot analysis. The results indicated that high TRPC7 expression was associated with a lower 5-year survival rate compared with low TRPC7 expression, which suggested that TRPC7 expression was inversely associated with overall survival in patients with lung adenocarcinoma. TRPC7 serves a pathological role by facilitating the enhancement of cell growth and migration with increased phosphorylation of Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II, AKT and ERK. TRPC7 knockdown in lung adenocarcinoma cells restrained cell cycle progression and cell migration by interrupting the TRPC7-mediated Ca2+ signaling-dependent AKT and MAPK signaling pathways. These findings demonstrated for the first time a role of oncogenic TRPC7 in the regulation of cancer malignancy and could provide a novel therapeutic molecular target for patients with lung adenocarcinoma.
A final non-redundant catalogue for the 7C 151-MHz survey

We present a final unified catalogue for the 7C survey at 151 MHz with resolution 70 × 70 cosec(δ) arcsec 2 . This has been constructed by amalgamating the existing catalogues derived from individual fields imaged at this resolution and eliminating redundancy in regions of mutual overlap. This is a non-trivial procedure because the flux in multiple-component sources may be fitted differently on alternative images, owing, for example, to differences in local noise and beam distortion. The final catalogue lists 43683 sources over an area of about 1.7 sr. Separate final catalogues have been published for the 7C Galactic Plane survey (7CG) and the lower-resolution survey of the low-declination strip 9 h < RA < 16 h ,2 0 ◦ < Dec < 35 ◦ .
An application of Bayesian growth mixture modelling to estimate infection incidences from repeated serological tests

Diagnoses of infectious diseases are often performed using antibody detection through enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay techniques. These data are usually dichotomized into positive and negative samples using a fixed cut-off and prevalences of infection are subsequently estimated assuming perfect correspondence between the dichotomized test results and infection status. In contrast to this approach, in this case study, we estimate the effect of distributing insecticide impregnated bednets to prevent Leishmania infection through mixture modelling of the original continuous data. We analyze the data from a cluster randomized intervention trial using a generalized latent variable model consisting of a longitudinal mixture model for the observed outcome and a Hidden Markov model for the underlying unobserved disease status to estimate the effect of an intervention. The response and structural models are jointly estimated in a Bayesian framework. This model has the advantage that it avoids the need to choose an arbitrary cut-off and allows for uncertainty in the infection status. In this paper, we describe the development of the model and selection of priors, the application to the motivating data, model checking and simulation results.