Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Endocrine Therapy for Breast Cancer - A Success Story in All Treatment Settings

Endocrine treatment for hormone receptor positive breast cancer has a proven role in all settings, ie neo-adjuvant, adjuvant and palliative care. Tamoxifen had been the standard of care for all women with breast cancer in adjuvant setting for many years by improving the disease free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS). Tamoxifen remains the only approved treatment in all settings for pre-and peri-menopausal women with breast cancer. Aromatase inhibitors (AIs) later became the standard of care in all treatment settings for post-menopausal women by demonstrating advantage in DFS and in some studies OS. Ovarian function suppression (OFS) was tested in many trials and proved to be effective in adjuvant and metastatic settings but was never used routinely. Recently, 2 large trials also showed advantage with the addition of OFS to AIs as compared to OFS and tamoxifen in pre-menopausal women. Fulvestrant is another option for women with stage IV breast cancer. More recently, modulation of endocrine resistance with mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitor has been reported in patients with metastatic breast cancer and is being tested in other settings. This review summarizes the major advances in endocrine treatment of receptor positive breast cancer in all settings.
Mechanisms for broadcast and selective broadcast

This thesis deals with a problem in the effective use of a loosely-coupled store-and-forward network like the ARPANET. Many applications assume the existence of a mechanism to send a broadcast message to every node in the network, or a selective broadcast message to a specified group of nodes. Previous work in this field has resulted in several techniques for broadcasting to the entire network. These include an algorithm for imposing a minimum spanning tree on the network and maintaining it in the face of failures and changing costs, so that a broadcast can be routed along the branches of the MST at a minimum cost to the network as a whole. I extend this work in two directions. First of all, I discuss ways of adapting existing broadcast mechanisms to the more general problem of selective broadcast. In one case this involves generalizing the MST problem to the problem of finding a minimum Steiner tree, a problem which is NP-complete. I examine an existing approximation algorithm and show how to modify it for use in a distributed environment. In the process I show that if we make a reasonable assumption about the way ties between edges are broken then we can considerably simplify this algorithm. Second, I propose an original broadcasting technique that forwards along the branches of a single tree in the same manner as the MST-based algorithm. The tree used is a shortest-path tree for a particular node that is, in some sense, "in the center" of the network; hence this method is called center-based forwarding. Using such a tree allows us to provide a broadcast facility with a small delay rather than a small cost; unfortunately it is impossible in general to minimize the delay from every source if we use only a single tree. To evaluate center-based forwarding, I define four measures of the delay associated with a given broadcast mechanism, and then propose three ways of selecting the center node. For each of the three forms of center-based forwarding, I compare the delay to the minimum delay for any broadcasting mechanism and also to the minimum delay for any single tree. In most cases, the delay on the centered tree is bounded by a small constant factor multiplied by either of these two minimum delays. When I can, I give a strict bound on the ratio between the center-based delay and the minimum delay; otherwise I demonstrate that no bound is possible. These results immediately imply bounds on how bad the three centered trees can be with respect to each other; most of these bounds are strict, and I improve the rest to bounds that are also strict. Finally I present an algorithm for maintaining the centered tree in the face of changes in traffic conditions and failures in nodes and links. I also discuss the extension of center-based forwarding to the problem of selective broadcast.
T EMPORAL P ERCEPTION AND A TTENTION IN T RAINED M USICIANS

C ONSIDERABLE EVIDENCE CONVERGES ON THE plasticity of attention and the possibility that it can be modulated through regular training. Music training, for instance, has been correlated with modulations of early perceptual and attentional processes. However, the extent to which music training can modulate mechanisms involved in processing information (i.e., perception and attention) is still widely unknown, particularly between sensory modalities. If training in one sensory modality can lead to concomitant enhancements in different sensory modalities, then this could be taken as evidence of a supramodal attentional system. Additionally, if trained musicians exhibit improved perceptual skills outside of the domain of music, this could be taken as evidence for the notion of far-transfer, where training in one domain can lead to improvements in another. To investigate this further, we evaluated the effects of music training using tasks designed to measure simultaneity perception and temporal acuity, and how these are influenced by music training in auditory, visual, and audio-visual conditions. Trained musicians showed significant enhancements for simultaneity perception in the visual modality, as well as generally improved temporal acuity, although not in all conditions. Visual cues directing attention influenced simultaneity perception for musicians for visual discrimination and temporal accuracy in auditory discrimination, suggesting that musicians have selective enhancements in temporal discrimination, arguably due to increased attentional efficiency when compared to nonmusicians. Implications for theory and future training studies are discussed.
Optical properties of the Q1D multiband models -- the transverse equation of motion approach

The electrodynamic features of the multiband model are examined using the transverse equation of motion approach in order to give the explanation of several long-standing problems. It turns out that the exact summation of the most singular terms in powers of $1/\omega^{n}$ leads to the total optical conductivity which, in the zero-frequency limit, reduces to the results of the Boltzmann equation, for both the metallic and semiconducting two-band regime. The detailed calculations are carried out for the quasi-one-dimensional (Q1D) two-band model corresponding to imperfect charge-density-wave (CDW) nesting. It is also shown that the present treatment of the impurity scattering processes gives the DC conductivity of the ordered CDW state in agreement with the experimental observation. Finally, the DC and optical conductivity are calculated numerically for a few typical Q1D cases.
Effectiveness of Project Based Learning Model on Collaborative Ability and Critical Thinking of Senior High School Students

In this 21st century educational, students are required to be able to have collaborative competence and critical thinking. So that, the school should be able to prepare students with such competences. This is an increasingly competitive challenge in the world of education. The research aims to analyse the effectiveness of PjBL learning models on the collaborative ability and critical thinking of senior high school students on subject of Structure, Way of Life and Role of Bacteria in Life. The method in this research was experimental research with Pre-Experimental design. The research was conducted at SMA Negeri 13 Semarang and MA Nurussalam Semarang with a total of 45 students. We used observation sheets and tests as the instrument. The observation sheet was used to measure collaborative ability while test was used to measure critical thinking skills. The data analysis techniques used standard of criteria and N-gain. Standard of criteria to measure collaborative ability while N-gain to measure increased critical thinking ability. The results of the research obtained (1) The average percentage of the collaborative ability score of class X IPA 2 SMA Negeri 13 Semarang is 71.6% while the class X IPA MA Nurussalam is 71.0%; (2) in the first test, the average percentage of critical thinking ability of class X IPA 2 SMA Negeri 13 Semarang is 62.9% while the class X IPA MA Nurussalam is 78.3%. In the second test, the average percentage of the critical thinking ability score of class X IPA 2 SMA Negeri 13 Semarang is 75.1% while the class X IPA MA Nurussalam is 80.0%. Both classes experienced an increase in the average percentage score of critical thinking abilities.
Edinburgh Research Explorer The Shape Boltzmann Machine

A good model of object shape is essential in applications such as segmentation, detection, inpainting and graphics. For example, when performing segmentation, local constraints on the shapes can help where object boundaries are noisy or unclear, and global constraints can resolve ambiguities where background clutter looks similar to parts of the objects. In general, the stronger the model of shape, the more performance is improved. In this paper, we use a type of deep Boltz-mann machine (Salakhutdinov and Hinton, 2009) that we call a Shape Boltzmann Machine (SBM) for the task of modeling foreground/background (binary) and parts-based (categorical) shape images. We show that the SBM characterizes a strong model of shape, in that samples from the model look realistic and it can generalize to generate samples that diﬀer from training examples. We ﬁnd that the SBM learns distributions that are qualitatively and quantitatively better than existing models for this task.
SYP-3 restricts synaptonemal complex assembly to bridge paired chromosome axes during meiosis in C. elegans .

Synaptonemal complex (SC) formation must be regulated to occur only between aligned pairs of homologous chromosomes, ultimately ensuring proper chromosome segregation in meiosis. Here we identify SYP-3, a coiled-coil protein that is required for assembly of the central region of the SC and for restricting its loading to occur only in an appropriate context, forming structures that bridge the axes of paired meiotic chromosomes in C. elegans . We find that inappropriate loading of central region proteins interferes with homologue pairing, likely by triggering a premature change in chromosome configuration during early prophase that terminates the search for homologs. As a result, syp-3 mutants lack chiasmata and exhibit increased chromosome missegregation. Altogether, our studies lead us to propose that SYP-3 regulates synapsis along chromosomes, contributing to meiotic progression in early prophase.
Evaluation of Textural Qualities and Chemical Properties of some Tomato Cultivars

This study investigated the effect of maturity stage on the textural-chemical properties of fresh tomatoes ( Lycopersicum esculentum Mill.) fruits. Seven tomato cultivars ( Ibadan local, Beske, Tropimech, UC82B, Kelvin, Nadira and Roma ) were harvested at three maturity stages namely; breaker, pink and ripe red. The textural qualities (firmness, springiness, adhesiveness, chewiness, stringiness and gumminess) of the tomato fruits were measured using the Warner-Bratzler shear force (WBS) method. The chemical properties (pH and electrical conductivity) of the fruits were measured by pH and electrical conductivity meters. Results of the texture profile analysis showed that tomato fruits exhibited a strong dependence on the degree of maturity of the fruits at harvest. All the textural qualities determined decrease as the fruits matured from the breaker stage to the ripe red stage. From the results, the Tropimech tomato fruits had the highest average skin firmness and springiness of 53.16 N and 1.101 respectively, while UC82B tomato fruits had the highest average adhesiveness of 21.47 N.s. The results further showed that breaker tomato fruits exhibited the highest electrical conductivity values than those corresponding to pink and red ones. However, the red tomato fruits exhibited the highest pH values than their corresponding to breaker and pink ones. The average electrical conductively ranged between 0.464 S/m and 0.438 S/m; while the average pH of the tomato fruits ranged between 3.75 and 4.89. The results showed variations in the textural qualities and chemical properties among the seven tomato cultivars studied.
Determining the number of cointegrating relations under rank constraints

This paper proposes likelihood-based procedures for determining the number of cointegrating vectors in the presence of constraints on the cointegration rank. The tests can be applied when a priori information suggests a lower bound on the number of common stochastic trends in the system. The likelihood ratio trace and and lambda max tests are obtained as special cases of the present setup. The tests are easy to implement and have comparable asymptotic power with respect to the trace test; it is also shown that the constrained tests are more powerful for some local alternatives.
Hubble Space Telescope Discovers Optical Emission from the Radio Pulsar PSR 1055–52

Optical/UV emission from isolated neutron stars, if detected, represents a valuable indicator of the pulsar's emission mechanisms, and more so for those objects of “intermediate” age, where thermal and nonthermal processes are known to coexist. PSR 1055-52 is a middle-aged pulsar and a strong γ-ray emitter. As such, it represents a logical target, but the presence of a nearby star renders optical ground-based searches totally hopeless. The Hubble Space Telescope Faint Object Camera (FOC), however, was successful in detecting the pulsar's emission through its U (F342) filter. It is interesting to compare such emission with an extrapolation of the soft, thermal part of the ROSAT X-ray spectrum. Within the uncertainties, it appears that the FOC flux is compatible with the Rayleigh-Jeans side of such a spectrum, as was the case for Geminga, in many ways a similar object. PSR 1055-52 becomes one of three pulsars (besides the Crab and Vela) visible at all wavelengths.
A Multifunctional and Living Landscape as a Key to Sustainable Cities

The sustainable city model implies multidisciplinary approaches and a change in urban project methodology. Early diagnosis provides an important platform for new project design, and among the elements examined, geographical and ecological factors should enable existing processes and biodiversity levels to be highlighted, conserved and enriched. The creation of an ecosystem should be the primary objective. This intention could fully guide possible scenarios and enable reactions to future uncertainties, be they technical, political or design decisions. A sustainable urban project would also benefit from integrating post-delivery analysis and indeed the implementation of adaptive management that periodically examines future changes to landscape or constructions, both as biotechnological entities and as places subject to human practices.
Chronic and gait analysis in dogs with degenerative hip joint disease treated with repeated of

This prospective, comparative, randomized, horizontal, and double-blind 31 clinical study investigated the clinical efficacy of leucocyte-poor platelet-rich plasma 32 (PRP, n=8) or allogeneic adipose-derived stem cells (ADSC, n=8) in dogs with bilateral 33 degenerative hip joint disease (DHJD). Sixteen dogs were treated with two intra-articular 34 injections of PRP or ADSCs, within a 30-day interval. The Canine Brief Pain Inventory 35 (CBPI), the Helsinki Chronic Pain Index (HCPI), and Visual Analogue Scales for pain 36 (VAS-pain) and locomotion (VAS-loc) were assessed by the dog owners. Analysis-of- 37 gait using a force plate, response to palpation (VAS-palp), and the descriptive numerical 38 scale for pain (DNS) were measured by a veterinarian. The assessments were performed 39 before (baseline), 30 and 60 days after the first treatment. Data were analyzed using the 40 unpaired-t test, paired Wilcoxon test, Fisher´s exact test, and Mann-Whitney and 41 Friedman tests (P < 0.05). Compared with baseline HCPI, CBPI, VAS-pain, and VAS- 42 palp scores reduced 41%, 52%, 51%, and 48% (P = 0.0001-0.03) at 60 days in the ADSC 43 group. In PRP-treated dogs, CBPI, VAS-loc, and DNS scores decreased by 43%, 43%, 44 and 33% at 60 days, respectively (P = 0.0003-0.011). Based on CBPI data, the rate of 45 success at 60 days was 75% and 25% in the ADSC and PRP groups (P = 0.13), 46 respectively. Both therapies were apparently safe and effective to reduce chronic pain in 47 dogs with bilateral DHJD during a 60-day period. However, a trend towards greater 48 improvement was provided by the ADSC treatment.
Unionization, international integration, and selection

We study how unionisation a⁄ects competitive selection between heterogeneous (cid:133)rms when wage negotiations can occur at the (cid:133)rm or at the pro(cid:133)t-centre level. With productivity speci(cid:133)c wages, an increase in union power has: (i) a selection-softening; (ii) a counter-competitive; (iii) a wage-inequality; and (iv) a variety e⁄ect. In a two-country asymmetric setting, stronger unions soften competition for domestic (cid:133)rms and toughen it for exporters. With pro(cid:133)t-centre bargaining, we show how trade liberalisation can a⁄ect wage inequality among identical workers both across (cid:133)rms (via its e⁄ects on competitive selection) and within (cid:133)rms (via wage discrimination across destination markets).
Anyons: Quantum Mechanics of Particles with Fractional Statistics

to Fractional Statistics in Two Dimensions. - Fractional Statistics in the Chern-Simons Gauge. - Fractional Statistics in the Anyon Gauge. - Non-relativistic Chern-Simons Field Theory. - Anyons in a Magnetic Field. - Statistical Mechanics of Anyons. - Anyons and the Fractional Quantum Hall Effect. - Anyons and Conformal Field Theories.
Autoimmune Hepatitis-Primary Biliary Cirrhosis Overlap Syndrome: Current Trends in Diagnosis and Treatment

Primary Biliary Cirrhosis (PBC) and Autoimmune Hepatitis (AIH) are the two main immune-mediated liver diseases. Under normal conditions, they are generally differentiated easily on the basis of clinical, biochemical, serological, and histological findings. However, a small subgroup of patients may simultaneously present with features of both diseases, designated as AIH-PBC overlap syndrome, making its diagnosis even more difficult. Currently, the pathogenesis of AIH-PBC overlap syndrome is still debated and it remains unclear whether the syndrome forms a distinct entity or a variant of PBC or AIH. Nevertheless, identifying patients with overlap syndrome has important therapeutic management and prognostic implication. Moreover, their treatment is largely empirical and extrapolated from the primary diseases. Patients with AIH-PBC overlap may benefit from immunosuppressive treatment with or without Ursodeoxycholic Acid (UDCA), which may also have immuno modulatory action. Therefore, it emphasizes the importance of establishing criteria to make a clear diagnostic distinction. Since there is no current consensus on defining the overlap conditions, estimating the prevalence, diagnosis, and treatment of the AIH-PBC overlap syndrome remains a clinical one challenge. In this review, we will focus on the current perspective and progress in diagnosis and treatment of this disease. Antibody Type 1; PSC: Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis; IAIHG: International Autoimmune Hepatitis Group; pANCA: Perinuclear Anti-Neutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody; Anti-SLA/LP: Antibody to Soluble Liver/ Pancreas Antigen; Anti-SLA: Anti-Soluble Liver Antigen Antibodies; ULN: Upper Limit of Normal; HLA: Human Leukocyte Antigen; RDC: Revised Diagnostic Criteria; SDC: Simplified Diagnostic Criteria; EASL: European Association for the Study of Liver Diseases; ALP: Alkaline Phosphatase; GGT: Gamma-Glutamyltranspeptidase.
COMPARISON OF AIMS65, GLASGOW–BLATCHFORD SCORE, AND ROCKALL SCORE IN A TUNISIAN PATIENTS WITH UPPER GASTROINTESTINAL BLEEDING

Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the use of the main pronostic scores (AIMS65, Glasgow–Blatchford score and Rockall score) in upper gastrointestinal bleeding and to compare the performance of each score with regard to mortality, rebleeding and transfusion requirements. Methods: We performed a retrospective study including patients with upper gastrointestinal bleeding admitted in the hepato-gastroenterology department of between and AIMS65 were calculated for each patient. The data was analyzed by the area under the curve ROC (Receiver Operating Characteristic). Results: A total of 110 patients were included in this study. Mean age was 59.3 (16-95 years). The sex ratio was 2.23 (M/F=76/34). The main causes of upper gastrointestinal bleeding were peptic ulcer (47.3%), portal hypertension (21.8%), a neoplasia (5.5%) and Mallory-Weiss syndrome (3.6%). The mortality rate and rebleeding was 0.9% and 10% respectively. In the evaluation of mortality, it was found an area under the curve ROC for AIMS65 score: 1, Rockall score: 0.95 and Glasgow-Blatchford: 0.89 (p=0.2) to predict rebleeding AIMS65 score: 0.5, Rockall score: 0.76 and the Glasgow-Blatchford score: 0.57 (p<0.05) and transfusion requirements of more than 2 globular packages AIMS65 score: 0.58, Rockall score: 0.52 and the Glasgow-Blatchford score: 0.59 (p=0.45). Conclusion: All of the studied scores are good predictors of mortality with superiority for the AIMS65. The results were less satisfactory with regard to rebleeding and transfusion requirements which confirm that the role of prognostic scores is limited of course to assit, clinical judgment remains fundamental in the management of upper gastrintestinal bleeding.
A PROSPECTIVE CLINICAL STUDY ON THE BENEFIT OF ADDING CHEMOTHERAPY TO BRACHYTHERAPY IN PATIENTS WITH INCOMPLETE RESPONSE TO EXTERNAL BEAM IRRADIATION WITH CONCURRENT CHEMOTHERAPY IN LOCALLY ADVANCED CASES OF CARCINOMA CERVIX

Introduction : Concurrent chemoradiation followed by brachytherapy is the standard treatment of carcinoma cervix by radiotherapy. Efficient brachytherapy is all the more important in Indian scenario where bulky residual disease is mostly found after external radiotherapy. Our study investigates the feasibility and tolerability of High Dose Rate Brachytherapy (HDR-BT) combined with concurrent cisplatin against HDR-BT alone which is considered the traditional standard of care. Materials and Methods : Carcinoma cervix patients who have undergone ‘partial response’ or ‘stable disease’ to external beam radiotherapy have been randomized into two arms in this study: Concurrent brachytherapy(CBT arm) where weekly 7Gy HDR X 3 fractions was delivered with weekly 40mg/m2 cisplatin given few hours prior to brachytherapy and brachytherapy(BT) alone arm with same HDR schedule. Results : There were significantly higher complete responses in CBT arm 8 weeks post brachytherapy in CBT arm (59% vs 33.3%, p= 0.038). Systemic toxicities, viz. dermatitis, mucositis,
High precision computation of Hardy-Littlewood constants

In many contexts, it is necessary to compute slowly convergent Euler products or prime sums. Although it has been known for a long time that this can be done in non-trivial ways, it seems necessary to survey in detail the possible methods which can be used for doing this. In particular, we will explain how to compute to high precision the Hardy-Littlewood constants associated with prime producing polynomials. We must first make precise what we mean by high precision computation of a constant. In the context of this paper, this means that we can compute the constant to any desired reasonable degree of accuracy (10, 100 or even 1000 decimal digits) in a reasonable amount of time. In particular, methods which apply to the computation of only 5 or 6 decimal digits are not acceptable here.