Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Prevalence and Risk Factors for Transmission and Genotype of HCV in Iraqi Patients

BACKGROUND: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a serious public health problem in the world, and about 170 million patients are chronically infected with HCV. Worldwide; different epidemiologic patterns of HCV infection have been identified. AIM OF THE STUDY: By this study, we try to know the prevalence and risk factors for HCV transmission in Iraqi patients and genotype distribution of the disease. PATIENTS & METHODS: In a cross sectional study of 355898 persons, 232645 males & 123253 females; had been enrolled for the study in Baghdad teaching hospital, Iraqi blood bank, Al-Yarmouk teaching hospital, Al-Nu'man teaching Hospital and Al-Basrah teaching hospital from February 2017 to February 2019. Positive patients for hepatitis C antibody were further studied for way of transmission and viral load and genotype. History had been taken about the possible risk factor for HCV transmission which included (15) risk factors. RESULTS: A total of 355898 persons, 232645 males & 123253 females their Mean age at diagnosis was 47.3 (± 15.6) years, Ranged (19–78) years. The mean body mass index (BMI) of the study sample was 22.9 (± 3) kg/m2, studied all screen for hepatitis C antibody 1155 discovered to be positive 650 were males and 505 were females, further study done for viral load in 746 patients and genotype in 633 patients: 356 (48%) with high viral load, 390 (52%)with low viral load and 345 (52.8%) with genotype V and 301 (46.2%) with genotype IV, while genotype II was 2 (0.3%) and III 7 (0.5%), The most common possible ways of transmission of the disease by history in this study was blood transfusion 53%, dental procedure 42%, hemodialysis 36%, caesarean section 34.5%, while injured male during shaving 33%, patient who have surgical operation 24%, Tattooing in 8%, cupping in 6.6%, IV injection in 4% heterosexual seen in 2%, renal transplant in 2%, and only 1% in needle stick injury. while the more frequent genotype is 1 then 4. Hemodialysis and improper use of IV medication had been found to be more significant in HCV male patients . The relation between possible risk factor for transmission of HCV and residence, viral load were not significant. CONCLUSION: The most common probable risk factors as single risk factor for the male was blood transfusion, and for female was caesarean section. While for two risk factors for male were Blood transfusion and Hemodialysis and for female were Caesarean section & Dental procedure and for both gender were hemodialysis & dental procedure. While for three risk factors for both gender were surgery, barbers, and dental procedure. In our study we had found the prevalence of HCV in our Iraqi big sample was relatively low. The most common genotype was genotype I then genotype IV with rarity of genotype III 0 and genotype II.
Developing and Integrating Computer-Aided Diagnostic Tools into Clinical Medicine

Author(s): Kerr, Wesley Thomas | Advisor(s): Cohen, Mark S; Huang, Sung-Cheng | Abstract: The focus of this graduate thesis is the development and optimization of clinically applicable computer-aided diagnostic tools (CADTs) for seizure disorder. This thesis is comprised of two parts (1) development of unimodal and multimodal CADTs for seizure disorder and (2) a novel method for optimization of hyperparameters in machine learning models. The aims of CADTs are to address key challenges in the diagnosis and treatment of seizure disorder, including reducing the time to an accurate diagnosis, improving the sensitivity and specificity of diagnostic neuroimaging, and the understanding of the diagnostic value of interictal scalp electroencephalography (EEG). This could improve the long-term prognosis of patients with non-epileptic seizures (NES) and candidates for potentially curative resective surgery for epilepsy because treatment earlier in these patients'�� disease course has been shown to be more effective. Our novel method for optimizing hyperparameters has the potential to slightly improve the accuracy of machine learning models, while substantially increasing the interpretability of learned estimates and reducing computational cost. We define hyperparameters as variables that contribute to machine learning models but are not optimized jointly with parameters inherent to the model. When viewed as a whole, this body of work represents contributions both to the statistical development and application of machine learning to important clinical challenges.
Southeast Asian Nurses and Caregiving Workers Transcending the National Boundaries: An Overview of Indonesian and Filipino Workers in Japan and Abroad

One year after Japan became a “super-aging society” in 2007, she began to receive Indonesian and Filipino nurses and caregiving workers into its labor market. This new government-to-government (G-G) program commenced in accordance with Japan’s Economic Partnership Agreements (EPAs) with the Philippines and Indonesia having large young populations. Between 2008 and 2011, a total of 1,360 Indonesian and Filipino nurse and certified care-worker “candidates” have entered Japan, and have been under training and employment across the Japanese archipelago. Expectedly or unexpectedly, they have encountered a number of problems at the hospital or the elderly-care facility that was not opened to foreign workers until recently. This paper addresses the past implementation of the EPA provision “Movement of Natural Persons” and reactions among the nursing associations in Japan, the Philippines and Indonesia to controversial EPA programs. It also explores the current situation of Filipino and Indonesian nurses/care workers in their countries as well as abroad to deepen understanding of different views and stances of the governments and nursing/care workers in the field of “emotional labor. ” Its discussions entail the possibilities and limitations of border-crossing care managed by the state in the country of linguistic homogeneity.
Comparison of Transcutaneous Bilirubin Measurement with Total Serum Bilirubin Levels in Term Neonates with Hyperbilirubinemia: A Descriptive-Analytical Study

Background: A common procedure for the diagnosis of hyperbilirubinemia is the total investigation of total serum bilirubin (TSB); however, this procedure is invasive for neonates. For two decades, transcutaneous bilirubin (TCB) was used as a non-invasive and painless method to assess bilirubin. Objectives: This study aimed to compare the accuracy of TCB versus TSB before and after phototherapy. Methods: This descriptive-analytical study included 85 neonates. Neonates were selected by convenience sampling methods. Neonates had a normal birth weight and physiological jaundice; having no need for blood transfusions. Data were collected using a BiliChek device (APEL, Japan). The researcher, before phototherapy and simultaneously by checking the TSB, pressed the BiliChek three consecutive times in the middle of the neonate’s forehead and then, recorded the results. The correlation between TCB and TSB were determined before and after phototherapy. Pearson, t-test, and ROC were used by SPSS v.18 for analysis data. Results: There was a strong correlation between the TCB and the TSB in neonates weighing 3001 to 4000g before phototherapy (r = 0.74, P < 0.001). Although, there was a low correlation between the TCB and the TSB in these neonates after phototherapy (r = 0.40, P > 0.05), the cut-off value of bilirubin was 6 8 mg/dL. The sensitivity was (100%) and specificity was 90% for bilirubin at the levels of 6.7 mg/dL. Conclusions: TCB procedure can be a reliable alternative to the TSB, especially in the initiation of phototherapy with bilirubin levels of 6 8 mg/dL. However, it is not a device with a high accuracy after phototherapy.
Family involvement within assisted living: Care-receivers' and caregivers' roles and relationships

Family systems providing informal care and support to their aging relatives, who were residing in assisted living systems and receiving formal care were central to this study. A broader understanding of family involvement, with respect to exploring both care-receiver and caregiver roles and relationships, within the regulatory and environmental context of assisted living was sought through a qualitative research process. This study employed a phenomenological approach to conduct in-depth interview sessions with eight pairs of participants, comprising elderly residents in five assisted living facilities and their respective caregiving family members, typically a daughter or son and, in one case, a close friend, all of whom were personally interviewed. A total of 16 participants were interviewed individually. The three dominant themes that emerged from care-receivers and their caregiving relatives’ experiences, which characterized and impacted their family involvement, were (1) Coping efforts and attitudes that characterize the aging, the care-receiving, and the caregiving processes; (2) Enduring and changing roles and relationships in family systems; and (3) The paradox of institutional long-term care, as it created both relief and stress for elderly carereceivers’ and their caregivers in family systems. A systems/ecological framework is applied to explicate these findings, and policies pertaining to assisted living, and their economic implications for the long-term care process are also discussed.
A case study: Effects of wet cupping therapy in a male with primary infertility

Background and purpose: Infertility is a serious health problem, resulting from the inability of a sexually active couple to achieve pregnancy in one year. The cost of treatment remains a challenge for the majority of infertile people. Alternative may be helpful in addressing the problem of infertility. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of wet cupping therapy in a male with infertility. Materials and methods: The patient was a 32-year-old male with a 7-year history of infertility. Pre- and post-tests were completed by the researcher by testing the mans semen and human chorionic gonadotropin in his wifes serum. The man underwent wet cupping therapy twice each month. His wife was treated with wet cupping once per month. Results: The wife of the man became pregnant after two months of wet cupping therapy. Conclusion: Wet cupping therapy can be effective in treating individuals with infertility.
Creating an antimicrobial stewardship program to reduce the unnecessary use of nonpreferred antibiotics in a community hospital

Antibiotic therapy is ubiquitous with over half of patients hospitalized in the United States receiving therapy. Hospitals are required by regulation to implement antimicrobial stewardship programs, however there has been wide variation in what shape these programs take. The literature shows that even small, rural community hospitals can implement meaningful antibiotic stewardship programs. There are multiple areas where stewardship of the penicillin family of antibiotics can improve. Authors discuss how documentation of penicillin allergies is incomplete and discuss how there is room for improvement. Additionally, there is literature about pathways to determine if someone truly has an allergy to a beta lactam, which describes the cephalosporin and penicillin family of antibiotics. These methods include providing test doses to patients with non-severe reactions, seeing if patients previously tolerated beta lactams, and penicillin allergy testing. Penicillin allergy testing has the benefit of conclusively defining whether a patient has an allergy or not. Finally, it has been shown that receiving broader spectrum antibiotic in place of the widely accept beta lactam family has been associated with higher rates of hospital acquired infection, multidrug resistant organisms, and higher healthcare costs. This paper describes an intervention that uses a multidisciplinary approach to reduce the unnecessary use of Aztreonam, an alternative therapy choice to beta lactam allergic patients. The importance of educating healthcare professionals and patients about antibiotics, the expected side effects and the difference between side effects and allergies. An additional focus will be placed on the importance of accurately documenting allergies and adverse reactions in the medical record, and to insure the completeness of these records. Additionally, the creation of a protocolized approach to using Aztreonam in our institution is described. This approach enables pharmacists to help guide ordering providers towards appropriate treatment decisions that are consistent with the
The value of serum CA19‐9 in predicting primary sclerosing cholangitis in patients with ulcerative colitis

In the present study, we postulated that using CA19‐9 in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients may be a useful method for the screening of primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC). Considering the presence of other extraintestinal manifestations (EIMs) in IBD such as arthritis that may associate with the elevated level of CA19‐9, in the present study we aimed to compare the CA19‐9 level in ulcerative colitis (UC) patients with PSC or other EIMs and also evaluate the value of CA19‐9 in the detection of PSC in UC patients. In the present cross‐sectional study, 192 patients with UC were selected. EIMs were diagnosed based on patients recall and after a thorough physical examination. PSC was diagnosed by magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography by expert gastroenterologist and radiologist. Serum level of CA19‐9 was measured using chemiluminescent enzyme immunometric assay. About 6.77% of participants had PSC and 24.47% of them had other EIMs. The results showed that the CA19‐9 level in patients with PSC (median [interquartile range (IQR)]: 93 [10‐125]) was significantly higher than that of patients diagnosed with other EIMs (median [IQR]: 11 [6‐17.30]) or with no EIMs (median [IQR]: 7.15 [4.82‐11.00]). CA19‐9 value of >75 U/mL could predict PSC by the sensitivity of 69% and specificity of 99% with an area under the ROC curve (AUC) of 0.83 in UC patients and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) > 299.5 could predict PSC with a sensitivity of 100% and a specificity of 99% and AUC of 0.99. In addition, 23.07% of PSC patients had CA19‐9 level of >129 U/mL. According to the results, ALP had higher sensitivity and specificity for the screening of PSC compared to CA19‐9 in UC patients. Moreover, 23.07% of PSC patients had CA19‐9 level of >129 U/mL. So it could be concluded that cut‐off of >129 U/mL may not be an accurate cut‐off for the diagnosis of CCA in IBD patients.
Factors affecting neonatal mortality in a hilly area of Northeast India: A registry based study.

The objectives of this study were to explore the use of local civil registration data to analyze the factors associated with neonatal mortality (0-28 days) in Sikkim between January 2000 and December 2012. Three variables age sex and types of residence of the mother were considered in the analysis. The study was a descriptive retrospective study based on the secondary data published by Government of Sikkim. The neonatal mortality rate was 6.9 per 1000 live births and early (0-6 days) and late (7-28 days) neonatal mortality rates constitutes 5.02 and 1.82 deaths per 1000 live births respectively and significant differences in mortality were existed between them during the study period. The results highlighted that neonatal mortality were higher among male’s neonates (7.64 per 1000 live births) as compared to female’s neonates (6.04 per 1000 live births) which was statistically significant. The maximum number of neonatal (0-28 days) mortality occurred in rural (14.25 per 1000 live births) while in urban it was 1.71 per 1000 live births. Rural- urban differences in neonatal mortality rates were found to be significant in the study.
Depressive symptoms and general hospital care in the elderly A population-based study

The association between depressive symptoms and documented general hospital care during an 8-year period was studied in a geographically defined population of 1 040 Finnish persons aged 65 years or more (90% of the eligible elderly). The prevalence of depressive symptoms for the total population was 13.2%. One-quarter of the subjects used 60 hospital days or more in 8 years (high users). The risk of becoming a high user was 1.5 times greater among the depressive elderly than among the others. Depressive symptoms were significantly associated with high use of general hospital care in age-controlled analyses. In men, depressive symptoms were associated with a high use of hospital care even when the effects of somatic morbidity were controlled for. Depressive symptoms can help to identify elderly who are at risk of becoming high users of general hospital care.
Involvement of CGRP receptor RAMP1 in cluster headache: A Swedish case-control study

Background: Increased levels of the potent vasodilator calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) have been found in ipsilateral jugular vein blood during the active phase of cluster headache (CH) and this is hypothesized to cause distinctive vasodilation. The receptor activity-modifying protein 1 (RAMP1) is part of the CGRP receptor complex responsible for ligand binding and specificity and therefore constitutes a promising candidate gene for CH. The aim of this study was to investigate the possible genetic association of RAMP1 with CH in Sweden, with focus on two RAMP1 single nucleotide polymorphisms, rs3754701 and rs7590387, and quantify RAMP1 mRNA expression levels in biological tissue from CH patients and controls. Methods: rs3754701 and rs7590387 were genotyped by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) in 542 CH patients and 585 control subjects. RAMP1 mRNA expression was determined by reverse transcription qPCR in tissue from 12 CH patients and 12 controls. Results: We identified a significant difference between the CH patient and control groups for rs3754701 (p = 0.0088). In addition, RAMP1 mRNA expression was enhanced in primary fibroblasts from CH patients compared to controls (p = 0.0073). Conclusion: The association between rs3754701 and CH and the enhanced RAMP1 mRNA expression in CH patients support the hypothesis that CGRP and its receptor component RAMP1 are involved in CH pathophysiology.
Palonosetron Pretreatment is not as Effective as Lignocaine for Attenuation of Pain on Injection of Propofol

Objective 5-HT3 receptor antagonists are known to possess local anesthetic properties and are commonly used for the alleviation of pain following propofol injection. Palonosetron, a newer molecule, has shown contradictory results for this property. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of palonosetron pretreatment in alleviating propofol injection pain with that of lignocaine. Their comparative effect on various hemodynamic parameters was also evaluated. Methods A total of 100 adult patients were randomly assigned to one of two groups: group L received lignocaine 40 mg in 5 mL of 0.9% saline pretreatment solution and group P received 0.075 mg palonosetron in 5 mL 0.9% of saline pretreatment solution. After 2 minutes, the tourniquet was released and one-fourth of the total calculated dose of propofol was administered, after which the pain assessment was made. The Students t-test was used for comparing the difference of mean between the two groups after testing for equality of variance using F-statistics. Categorical variables were expressed as a percentage, and the Chi-square test was performed to assess the independence of attributes. Repeated-measure analysis of variance was used to compare the change in heart rate and mean arterial pressure over three time points between the two groups. Results The proportion of pain reported by the subjects in the lignocaine group was significantly lower as compared to the subjects in the palonosetron group (p=0.001). No significant difference of mean heart rate and mean arterial pressure was observed between the two groups following these interventions. Conclusion The efficacy of palonosetron in alleviating the pain on injection of propofol was significantly less than that of lignocaine.
Application of Competitive Elisa (Compelisa) Rose Bengal Plate Test (RBPT) and Serum Agglutination Test (SAT) for Detection of Antibodies to Brucella Infection in Slaughter Cattle in Sokoto, Nigeria

The application of Rose Bengal Plate Test, serum agglutination and competitive Elisa was employed for the detection of Brucella antibodies in slaughtered cattle in Sokoto metropolis. It was observed that of the 1711 screened serum samples, 383 (22.38%) 376 (21.97%) and 395 (23.08%) were positive for Brucella using RBPT, SAT and competitive Elisa, respectively. The females had a higher prevalence than the males in each of the three tests (23.63) RBPT, (23.05%) SAT and (24.49) Competitive Elisa. On age, the highest prevalence was recorded within the age of 24 months and above for all the three tests. The breed with the highest prevalence was Arzuwaq. Of the 3 seasons, dry season recorded the highest prevalence. Based on these results, it was observed that application of more than one test method might ensure more sensitivity and specificity of the diagnosis of brucellosis. Keywords : Application, SAT, RBPT Compelisa, slaughter cattle Sahel Journal of Veterinary Sciences Vol. 5 (1) 2006 pp. 9-12
Effectiveness of Early Exercise Against Uterine Involution in Spontaneous Postpartum Patients

It is estimated that 50% of puerperal mortality occur within the first 24 hours. At thistime the involution process occured. Involutionary disorders cause complications whichis the leading cause of maternal mortality. Most of postpartum women do not obtainexercise guidance after giving birth. They are only advised to do simple mobilizationwithout planned guidance. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectivenessof early exercise against uterine involution (fundus and lochea). The research methodused Quasi Experimental (pre-post test non equivalent control group design). It wasconducted from May to August 2017. The samples were 40 respondents spontaneousprimiparous postpartum mother. The study was started by 1) divided the samples intocontrol group and treatment group, 2) measured the fundus and lochea, 3) providedearly exercise on treatment group, 4) re-measured fundus and lochea in both groups, 5)analyzed the effectiveness of early exercise to fundus and lochea expenditure decrease.The data analysis used Mann Whitney with α = 0.05. The results showed p value is 0.000(fundus) and p value are 0.001 (lochea). It means that early exercise is effective againstuterine involution (fundus and lochea). The results can provide positive contribution inpreventing maternal mortality caused by puerperal complications.