Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Are We Strategically Naïve or Guided by Trust and Trustworthiness in Cheap-Talk Communication?

Cheap-talk communication between parties with conflicting interests is common in many business and economic settings. Two distinct behavioral economics theories, the trust-embedded model and the level-k model, have emerged to explain how cheap talk works between human decision makers. The trust-embedded model considers that decision makers are motivated by nonpecuniary motives to be trusting and trustworthy. In contrast, the level-k model considers that decision makers are purely self-interested but limited in their ability to think strategically. Although both theories have been successful in explaining cheap-talk behaviors in separate contexts, they point to contrasting drivers for human behaviors. In this paper, we provide the first direct comparison of both theories within the same context. We show that, in a cheap-talk setting that well represents many practical situations, the two models make characteristically distinct and empirically distinguishable predictions. We leverage past experiment data from this setting to determine what aspects of cheap-talk behavior each model captures well and which model (or combination of models) has better explanatory power and predictive performance. We find that the trust-embedded model emerges as the dominant explanation. Our results, thus, highlight the importance of investing in systems and processes to foster trusting and trustworthy relationships in order to facilitate more effective cheap-talk interactions. This paper was accepted by Charles Corbett, operations management.
Shock-compressed silicon: Hugoniot and sound speed up to 2100 GPa

High-pressure equation of state and isentropic sound speed data for fluid silicon to pressures of 2100 GPa (21 Mbar) are reported. Principal Hugoniot measurements were performed using impedance matching techniques with α -quartz as the reference. Sound speeds were determined by time correlating imposed shock-velocity perturbations in both the sample (Si) and reference material ( α -quartz). A change in shock velocity versus
Pengembangan Orientasi Pasar dan Orientasi Kewirausahaan Terhadap Kinerja Pemasaran Usaha Kecil dan Menengah (UKM) di Provinsi Bengkulu

The purpose of this study is to analyze and determine the development of market orientation and entrepreneurial orientation and their effects on the marketing performance of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in Bengkulu Province. This research is a descriptive study with a quantitative approach. The sampling method used non probability with judgmental techniques (purposive) with a total sample of 270. The results showed that SMEs in Bengkulu Province had run their business with market orientation and entrepreneurial orientation in good categories. When viewed from the marketing performance, most of them have achieved a fairly good level of performance as well. For this reason, if we look at the influence between variables, market orientation and entrepreneurial orientation have a positive and significant effect at the marketing performance of SMEs in Bengkulu Province. This means that the better market orientation and entrepreneurial orientation, the better marketing performance for SMEs in Bengkulu Province. Thus, the hypothesis which states that market orientation and entrepreneurial orientation have a positive and significant effect on marketing performance for small and medium enterprises (SMEs) can be accepted.
Satellite-Based Meteorological and Agricultural Drought Monitoring for Agricultural Sustainability in Sri Lanka

For Sri Lanka, as an agricultural country, a methodical drought monitoring mechanism, including spatial and temporal variations, may significantly contribute to its agricultural sustainability. Investigating long-term meteorological and agricultural drought occurrences in Sri Lanka and assessing drought hazard at the district level are the main objectives of the study. Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI), Rainfall Anomaly Index (RAI), and Vegetation Health Index (VHI) were used as drought indicators to investigate the spatial and temporal distribution of agriculture and meteorological droughts. Climate Hazards Group Infrared Precipitation with Stations (CHIRPS) data from 1989 to 2019 was used to calculate SPI and RAI. MOD13A1 and MOD11A2 data from Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) from 2001 to 2019, were used to generate the Vegetation Condition Index (VCI) and Temperature Condition Index (TCI). Agricultural drought monitoring was done using VHI and generated using the spatial integration of VCI and TCI. Thus, various spatial data analysis techniques were extensively employed for vector and raster data integration and analysis. A methodology has been developed for the drought declaration of the country using the VHI-derived drought area percentage. Accordingly, for a particular year, if the country-wide annual extreme and severe drought area percentage based on VHI drought classes is ≥30%, it can be declared as a drought year. Moreover, administrative districts of Sri Lanka were classified into four hazard classes, No drought, Low drought, Moderate drought, and High drought, using the natural-beak classification scheme for both agricultural and meteorological droughts. The findings of this study can be used effectively by the relevant decision-makers for drought risk management (DRM), resilience, sustainable agriculture, and policymaking.
The effect of glass composition on the reactivity of synthetic glasses

The reactivity of synthetic glasses depends on their chemical compositions. In far from equilibrium dissolution experiments, the reactivity of Ca-rich glasses with compositions similar to blast-furnace slag is found to be much higher (up to ~60 wt.% after 7 days) compared to Si-rich glasses with compositions similar to type F fly ash (up to ~20 wt.% after 7 days). Isothermal calorimetry and TGA experiments conducted on model systems containing portlandite and calcite and on glass-blended Portland cement confirmed the higher reactivity of the Ca-rich glasses. The degree of glass reaction after 91 days ranged from 7 to 20 wt. %. The results showed also a higher reactivity of the glasses containing more aluminum (both for Ca-rich and Si-rich glasses) indicating that not only calcium but also aluminum acted rather as network modifier than as network former. The results confirm a strong dependence of the glass reactivity on the degree of polymerization of the glass network.
How Sub-Saharan African Countries Students Choose Where to Study Abroad: The Case of Benin

This article provides new evidence on how students choose a country of destination to conduct their academic studies. Based on a multinomial logistic model, it examines the contribution of the quality of education, institutions and the host country’s economic factors to the choice of the destination country. The results indicate that quality education and institutions in the host country are the reasons why students show preference for Western countries—North America and the EU. On the other hand, China is chosen as a destination country for its quality of education—compared to Benin—and not because of its institutional infrastructure. Furthermore, the results do not confirm the hypothesis that African student migration is poverty-driven, as economic factors do not affect the choice of any destination country.
Forecasting mortality rates with the penalized exponential smoothing state space model

Abstract It is well known that accurate forecasts of mortality rates are essential to various demographic research like population projection, and the pricing of insurance products such as pensions and annuities. Recent studies suggest that mortality rates of multivariate ages are usually not leading indicators in mortality forecasting. Therefore, multivariate stochastic mortality models including the classic Lee–Carter may not necessarily lead to more accurate forecasts, compared with sophisticated univariate counterparties like the exponential smoothing state space (ETS) model. Despite its improved forecasting accuracy, the original ETS model cannot ensure the age-coherence of forecast mortality rates. By introducing an effective penalty scheme, we propose a penalized ETS model to significantly overcome this problem, with discussions on related technical issues including the reduction of parameter dimensionality and the selection of tuning parameter. Empirical results based on mortality rates of the Australian males and females suggest that the proposed model consistently outperforms the Lee–Carter and original ETS models. Robust conclusions are drawn when various forecasting scenarios are considered. Long-term forecasting analyses up to 2050 comparing the three models are further performed. To illustrate its usefulness in practice, an application to price fixed-term annuities with the penalized ETS model is demonstrated.
The Effectiveness of Different Incentive Programs to Encourage Safe Driving

This study examined the effectiveness of various financial incentive schemes for improving drivers’ safety performance, specifically in regard to speeding, tailgating, and frequent lane changing without signaling. The study examined the hypothesis that, with regard to modifying unsafe driving behavior in a sample of professional bus drivers in Israel, small yet reliable rewards are more effective than rewards that are large but rarely obtained. While this hypothesis has been tested and partially supported in laboratory studies, the current study is the first to test it in real-world conditions. This study demonstrates that a combination of surveillance, rewards (monetary compensation), and informing the drivers about their driving performance in real time produces a lasting and significant decline in traffic violations. The results show that financial incentives are effective for encouraging safe driving behavior. Simultaneously, the results show some indications that small yet probable rewards may be more effective than large but uncertain ones. This study also demonstrates that the improvement in behavior continued during the period immediately after the experiment.
Influence of Overpressure Breathing on Vowel Formant Frequencies

Voice controlled management systems are based on speech recognition techniques. The use of such systems in combat aircraft is complex due to a number of critical factors which affect the accuracy of speech recognition, such as high level of ambient noise and vibration, use of oxygen masks, serious psycho-physical stress of speakers, etc. One of the specificity of the oxygen mask application is overpressure breathing. The results of the simulations presented in this paper show that the presence of overpressure on the order of 1000 Pa in the vocal tract has a significant influence on the first two formant frequencies. The formants discrimination field is significantly reduced when oxygen mask is used, influencing both perceptive and automatic discrimination of spoken vowels.
Navigating the blurred lines between principalship and governance in international schools: leadership and the locus of ownership control

The number of international schools has increased significantly this century, with new schools predominately situated in Asia and the Middle East. This growth has also seen a shift from not-for-profit to for-profit education, and from such schools being primarily for children of expatriates to being mainly for host nation children. New actors, such as global chains of international schools, have also entered the arena. This article explores the impact of the contem-porary landscape on the professional relationship between interna- tional school principals and their governors/owners, by drawing on a study of 12 international school principals in Malaysia. There were five emergent themes from the analysis: principal autonomy; own- ership support; principal accountability; principal affective dissonance and the locus of control. There were wide-ranging levels of autonomy given to principals, significant support from owners in terms of financial backing for areas of development and methods of accountability that ranged from formal to informal. Principals see- mingly had affective dissonance over working in for-profit schooling and there were issues surrounding the locus of ownership. There is little research in this area, particularly in Asia and this work appears to be the sole work that includes consideration of leadership in international school chains. Professor at Malaysia. His primary research and teaching are in the field of Educational Leadership and Management. His present research focuses on educational leadership in South East Asia and South Asia in both private and public sectors. He has published widely on educational leadership issues including international schools.
Sociolinguistic Awareness in Galician Bilinguals: Evidence from an Accent Identification Task

The inclusion of European minority languages in public spaces such as education, administration and the media has led to the emergence of a new profile of speakers, “new speakers”, who typically acquire a minority language through education, but vary in terms of their language experience and use. The present study investigated whether a distinctive variety spoken by Galician new speakers (neofalantes) has emerged in the community and whether listeners’ language background influences accent identification abilities and patterns. Galician-Spanish bilingual listeners completed an accent identification task and were asked to comment on factors influencing their decision. Results demonstrated that all listeners could identify Galician-dominant better than Spanish-dominant bilinguals but could not identify neofalantes. Neofalantes were categorised as both Spanish- and Galician-dominant, supporting the idea that neofalantes have a hybrid variety. This finding suggests that listeners have a gradient representation of language background variation, with Galician-like and Spanish-like accents functioning as anchors and the neofalantes’ accent situated somewhere in the middle. Identification accuracy was similar for all listeners but neofalantes showed heightened sensitivity to the Galician-dominant variety, suggesting that evaluation of sociophonetic features depends on the listener’s language and social background. These findings contribute to our understanding of sociolinguistic awareness in bilingual contexts.
A STUDY OF ENGLISH LISTENING STRATEGIES APPLIED BY ENGLISH NON-MAJORED STUDENTS AT TAY DO UNIVERSITY, VIETNAM

Listening comprehension is one of the important skills for learning a foreign language. Among four basic skills in language leaning, many researchers say that listening skill is applied the most frequently. Therefore, strategies for listening comprehension and the ability to employ them effectively are indispensable in language learning. This paper was an attempt to investigate the listening strategies employed by English non-majored students at Tay Do University. A total of 64 students of two different majors at the university participated in this study to answer a widely used language learning strategy questionnaire. The questionnaire consists of 31 questions including metacognitive strategies, cognitive strategies, social and affective strategies. The data were analyzed by SPSS 11.5 program. The findings indicated that most students applied listening strategies with different degrees and they needed guidance from their instructors. Moreover, the study also presents the relationships among these listening strategies. Finally, the results of this study provide implications for improving the quality of teaching and learning listening skill in the Vietnamese context. Article visualizations:
Supporting the Implementation of Evidence-Based Behavior Management Practices through Simulation: A Mixed Method Study

ABSTRACT Simulation training models, such as Interactive Virtual Training for Teachers (IVT-T), have relevance to consultation and show promise in supporting teachers who need behavior management support. Using an embedded mixedmethod design, we examined the feasibility and effectiveness of IVT-T. Twenty seven teachers working in three K-8 schools participated in the quantitative strand and 18 teachers participated in the qualitative strand. Training dosage data indicated many teachers used IVT-T but 62% were unable to meet the minimum dosage of 45 min per week. Instructional design issues, using the system outside school, and technical glitches may explain lower use. On average, use of several evidence-based strategies increased from pre to post while instructional design weaknesses related to storylines and phases of training may have impacted translation of practices to the classroom. Implications for consultation-based services are discussed along with future directions for our work.
Factors influencing consumer choice: a study of apparel and sustainable cues from Canadian and Indian consumers’ perspectives

ABSTRACT The purpose of this study is to investigate the salient effects of product evaluative cues from a cross-national perspective. A web-based survey consisted of eight measuring items of environmental commitment and behaviour, 20 items of product cues, and demographic and behavioural questions were employed. A total of 321 and 309 usable surveys were collected from Canada and India, respectively. The results revealed that Canadian and Indian consumers were more concerned about psychic/aesthetic and physical/functional cues than extrinsic and sustainable cues. In particular, fit and comfort were perceived as the two most important evaluative criteria by both samples. Indian consumers relied more heavily on ‘no child labour’ and ‘no animal skin usage’ cues to evaluate apparel products than their Canadian counterparts. The findings underpin several implications, including aesthetic longevity, versatility, durability, and affordability of clothing, as well as transparency on sustainable production and practices
Urbanization, CO2 Emission and Longevity: The West African Experience

This study considered the dynamic relationship between urbanization and CO2 emission on longevity in West African countries. The importance of urbanization to developing countries cannot be overemphasized; but it comes with a cost (CO2 emission). Hence the need to observe the effect of CO2 emission on longevity becomes necessary. This study incorporated the theory of health production into Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) and explored the Fully Modified (FM) and Dynamic Ordinary Least Square (DOLS) methods to conduct the social scientific enquiry. The outcomes of the panel co integration analysis are confirmed using the Pooled Mean Group (PMG) estimator to reaffirm the results of this study. The estimated coefficient for FMOLS presents urbanization (1.538) with CO2 emission (-11.38) and DOLS reaffirmed urbanization (1.126) with CO2 (-18.10) at 1% significant respectively. PMG indicated that the confirmatory test of a priori expectation is correct. The result showed that CO2 emission and urbanization had negative and positive significant effect on longevity respectively. Therefore, the study re-validates that at long run the threshold for CO2 emission must be established as developing countries especially West African countries yearn for development. The study concluded that in ECOWAS countries, urbanization spur longevity while CO2 emission retards it.
Orographic Effect on Extreme Precipitation Statistics Peaks at Hourly Time Scales

Orographic impact on extreme subdaily precipitation is critical for risk management but remains insufficiently understood due to complicated atmosphere‐orography interactions and large uncertainties. We investigate the problem adopting a framework able to reduce uncertainties and isolate the systematic interaction of Mediterranean cyclones with a regular orographic barrier. The average decrease with elevation reported for hourly extremes is found enhanced at subhourly durations. Tail heaviness of 10‐min intensities is negligibly affected by orography, suggesting self‐similarity of the distributions at the convective scale. Orography decreases the tail heaviness at longer durations, with a maximum impact around hourly scales. These observations are explained by an orographically induced redistribution of precipitation toward stratiform‐like processes, and by the succession of convective cores in multihour extremes. Our results imply a breaking of scale‐invariance at subhourly durations, with important implications for natural hazards management in mountainous areas.
Photosynthesis of crop plants as influenced by light, carbon dioxide, temperature, and stomatal diffusion resistance

The effect was estimated of light intensity, leaf temperature, and C0 2 concentration on photosynthetic rate in leaves of crop plants. The potential capacities of photochemical and biochemical processes and of C0 2 transport were compared. Resistance to C0 2 transport in various parts of the pathway from external air to reaction centre in the chloroplasts was estimated in absolute units. This allowed quantitative comparison of micrometeorological and physiological effects on photosynthesis. C0 2 transport towards the leaf is affected by the sum of resistances in external air (r a ), stomata (r s ), and mesophyll cells (r m ). Since r m is usually larger than r s of open stomata, r m is probably an important yield determining factor. With adequate water-supply, transpiration depends on r s + r a , but not on r m . Therefore higher values of r s and lower values of r m favour the water balance of crops. With strong light and leaf temperature around 22°C, C0 2 saturation of photosynthesis was reached with C0 2 concentrations between 01 and 0.15 %. Techniques were described for accurate measurement of C0 2 and water vapour, leaf temperature, light intensity and diffusion resistance. The importance of different types of light bulbs for photosynthesis was evaluated, and much attention was paid to accurate assessment of effective C0 2 concentration in the air around leaves in assimilation chambers.
Experimental investigation of the thermal and mechanical properties of lightweight aggregate concrete mixed with microencapsulated phase change materials

An optimal mix proportion design program was developed firstly in this research by analyzing most relevant factors affecting the mix ratio, such as water‐cement ratio, workability, drying mass, adding and mixing method of MPCM, etc. Then, the influences of MPCM on density, porosity, compressive strength, thermal conductivity, specific heat capacity, and thermal diffusivity of LWAC were investigated by changing curing time, MPCM content, and MPCM state. Results shown that the porosity of MPCM‐LWAC linearly increases and corresponding density linearly decreases with the increase of MPCM content. SEM images of MPCM‐LWAC reveal weaker connection and higher porosity between aggregate and mortar caused by more MPCM. The addition of MPCM to LWAC causes a compressive strength loss proportional to the MPCM content. The compressive strength of MPCM‐LWAC increases with the increasing curing time; however, growth rate of compressive strength decreases with the increasing MPCM content. When the MPCM content reaches a maximum of 10%, the compressive strength of MPCM‐LWAC at 50°C is 4.7% less than that of MPCM‐LWAC at 20°C. For the 10% MPCM addition, the specific heat capacity increased by 32.09%, and the thermal conductivity and thermal diffusion reduced by 19.0% and 23.9%, respectively.