Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
CD4 cell response to 3 doses of subcutaneous interleukin 2: meta-analysis of 3 Vanguard studies.

BACKGROUND In advance of a large clinical end point trial evaluating the effectiveness of subcutaneous interleukin 2 (scIL-2) for treatment of patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, 3 identically designed Vanguard trials were conducted in Buenos Aires, Argentina; Bangkok, Thailand; and Houston, Texas. To more precisely quantitate the effect on CD4 cell response of 3 different doses of scIL-2 that were administered twice daily for 5 days every 8 weeks, the results of these 3 trials were pooled in a meta-analysis. METHODS Two hundred eighteen HIV-1-infected subjects who were receiving antiretroviral therapy and who had a baseline CD4 cell count of > or =350 cells/mm3 were consecutively randomized to receive scIL-2 at a dose of 1.5 mIU (n=36) or a control regimen (n=36); or scIL-2 at a dose of 4.5 mIU (n=36) or a control regimen (n=36); or scIL-2 at a dose of 7.5 mIU (n=37) or a control regimen (n=37). After completion of 3 cycles of therapy, the subjects were enrolled in an extension phase (months 6-12). Subjects were encouraged to receive additional cycles of scIL-2 to maintain a CD4 cell count of more than twice the baseline count or >1000 cells/mm3. RESULTS After completion of 3 cycles of scIL-2, the mean CD4 cell count changes from baseline (calculated as changes from baseline in a scIL-2 group minus changes from baseline in its contemporaneous control group) were 67 (P=.14), 339 (P<.0001), and 605 cells/mm3 (P<.0001) for the 1.5, 4.5, and 7.5 mIU dose groups, respectively (P<.0001 for differences among dose groups). Between months 6 and 12, a total of 78%, 39%, and 32% of subjects assigned to the 1.5, 4.5, and 7.5 mIU dose groups, respectively, needed at least 1 additional cycle to achieve the CD4 cell count goal. At 12 months, the differences in the mean change in CD4 cell count from baseline between each scIL-2 dose group and its contemporaneous control group were 184, 369, and 432 cells/mm3, respectively (P=.01 for differences among dose groups). CONCLUSIONS Although CD4 cell count increases were seen in all 3 dose groups, higher scIL-2 doses resulted in greater CD4 cell count changes after 6 months, compared with control groups.
TR-PM-01-2011 PinHole Camera Reference Frame and Calibration Techniques

ku and kv are the focal lenght expressed in pixel unit. They are close related to real f focal lenght and τ aspect ratio but this syntax is slightly more compact. K converts from camera coordinates to image coordinates (expressed in homogeneous form). The R is the rotation matrix. Since in R a unique reference frame not exists to model rotation from 3 angles we are not to deal with the inner form of this matrix. The important stuff is that R is a rotation matrix or rather it is an orthonormal matrix. R converts from world coordinates to camera coordinates (can handle for example a permutation term in order to switch from world reference frame to camera reference frame).
Behavioral Neuroscience

to promote mobilization of synaptic vesicles in the presynaptic cell, leading to enhanced transmitter release (Ninan et al., 2006), as well as structural changes in the presynaptic terminal (Antonova et al., 2001; Wang et al., 2005). The role of the NO-cGMP-PKG signaling pathway has been extensively studied in hippocampal synaptic plasticity (However, while in vitro studies have convincingly supported a role for NO as a " retrograde messenger " in hippocampal synaptic plasticity (Arancio et al., 1996a,b), a corresponding role in hippocampal memory formation has remained elusive and controversial. This is likely due, in part, to the relative complexity of hippocampal-dependent learning tasks, which can make identifi cation of the relevant synapses underlying acquisition of the task problematic. In the present study, we have used amygdala-dependent auditory Pavlovian fear conditioning to examine whether fear memory formation in the lateral nucleus of the amygdala (LA) is driven by NO-driven presynaptic alterations at LA synapses. In contrast to hippocampal-dependent learning tasks, auditory fear conditioning is a relatively simple associative learning task in which the relevant neural pathways and synapses have been Specifi cally, auditory fear conditioning has been shown to promote alterations in synaptic transmission between neurons originating in the auditory thalamus, including the medial division of
Toshiba's Router Architecture Extensions for ATM : Overview

This memo describes a new internetworking architecture which makes better use of the property of ATM. IP datagrams are transferred along hop-by-hop path via routers, but datagram assembly/disassembly and IP header processing are not necessarily carried out at individual routers in the proposed architecture. A concept of "Cell Switch Router (CSR)" is introduced as a new internetworking equipment, which has ATM cell switching capabilities in addition to conventional IP datagram forwarding. Proposed architecture can provide applications with high-throughput and low-latency ATM pipes while retaining current router-based internetworking concept. It also provides applications with specific QoS/bandwidth by cooperating with internetworking level resource reservation protocols such as RSVP.
Towards reservation-based intersection coordination: an economic approach

Understanding and controlling a complex system like traffic is not a trivial task. To this aim, many market-based methods have been applied to the design and the management of such systems, by defining the "rules of the game" and trying to enforce a desired global outcome. We model traffic as a computational economy, where drivers trade with the intelligent infrastructure in a virtual marketplace, buying time and space to cross intersections when commuting through the city. We show how such mechanism influences the drivers' behaviour, producing benefits for both the drivers (i.e. lower average travel times) and the road network (i.e. less congestions).
Does the Solar Wind Electric Field Control the Reconnection Rate at Earth's Subsolar Magnetopause?

We demonstrate that the reconnection rate at the subsolar magnetopause is strongly controlled by the solar wind electric field and depends weakly on the local properties of the dissipation region. Our approach is to match the solar wind and magnetospheric states in an internal boundary layer described by the Cassak and Shay (2007, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.2795630) expression for two‐dimensional asymmetric reconnection. Faraday's law along the Sun‐Earth line determines the variation of the solar wind electric field from the bow shock to the magnetopause. While the magnetospheric plasma exerts some control over the reconnection rate, magnetic flux pileup in the sheath partially compensates for any local reduction in the reconnection rate. For a fixed magnetospheric state, the reconnection rate is shown to be directly proportional to the solar wind electric field, thus explaining why the solar wind electric field correlates well with geomagnetic indices.
Reasoning about privacy using axioms

In statistical privacy, privacy definitions are contracts that guide the behavior of algorithms that take in sensitive data and produce sanitized data. Historically, data privacy breaches have been the result of fundamental misunderstandings about what a particular privacy definition guarantees. Privacy definitions are often analyzed using a hit-or-miss approach: a specific attack strategy is evaluated to determine if a specific type of information can be inferred. If the attack works, the privacy definition is known to be too weak. If it doesn't work, little information is gained. Furthermore, these strategies will not identify cases where a privacy definition protects unnecessary pieces of information. A systematic analysis of privacy definitions is a long-standing open problem. In this paper, we present initial steps towards a solution. Using privacy axioms, we identify two mathematical objects that are associated with privacy definitions - the consistent closure and the row cone (which is constructed from the consistent closure). The row cone is a geometric object which neatly encapsulates Bayesian guarantees provided by a privacy definition. We apply these ideas to the study of randomized response to show that it provides unnecessarily strong protections on the parity of a dataset.
Evidence for both inverse agonism at the cannabinoid CB1 receptor and the lack of an endogenous cannabinoid tone in the rat and guinea‐pig isolated ileum myenteric plexus‐longitudinal muscle preparation

Background and purpose: Cannabinoid receptor agonists reduce intestinal propulsion in rodents through the CB1 receptor. In addition to its antagonistic activity at this receptor, rimonabant (N‐(piperidino)‐5‐(4‐chlorophenyl)‐1‐(2,4‐dichlorophenyl)‐4‐methyl‐3‐pyrazole‐carboxyamide) alone augments intestinal transit. Using rat and guinea‐pig ileum MPLM (myenteric plexus‐longitudinal muscle) preparations, we investigated whether the latter effect was through inverse agonism or antagonism of endocannabinoid agonist(s).
Information Systems (in the Internet Age)

Internet computing is changing the nature and scope of information systems (IS). Most IS methods and techniques were invented before the advent of the Internet. What will the world of information systems practice be like in the age of the Internet? What methods and techniques will be relevant? We review the world of information systems in terms of processes and products, qualities, social structures, and the role of automation. Given the rapid adoption of Internet thinking not only among technical professionals, but in the public consciousness, we outline the prospects and challenges for information systems in the emerging landscape. In particular, we highlight the need for richer modelling abstractions to support the diversity of services and modes of operation in the new age of world-wide open network information systems.
System architecture and software design for Electric Vehicles

This paper gives an overview of the system architecture and software design challenges for Electric Vehicles (EVs). First, we introduce the EV-specific components and their control, considering the battery, electric motor, and electric powertrain. Moreover, technologies that will help to advance safety and energy efficiency of EVs such as drive-by-wire and information systems are discussed. Regarding the system architecture, we present challenges in the domain of communication and computation platforms. A paradigm shift towards time-triggered in-vehicle communication systems becomes inevitable for the sake of determinism, making the introduction of new bus systems and protocols necessary. At the same time, novel computational devices promise high processing power at low cost which will make a reduction in the number of Electronic Control Units (ECUs) possible. As a result, the software design has to be performed in a holistic manner, considering the controlled component while transparently abstracting the underlying hardware architecture. For this purpose, we show how middleware and verification techniques can help to reduce the design and test complexity. At the same time, with the growing connectivity of EVs, security has to become a major design objective, considering possible threats and a security-aware design as discussed in this paper.
Prognostic Significance of Lymphovascular Invasion in Clinically Localized Prostate Cancer after Radical Prostatectomy

Whether lymphovascular invasion (LVI) is an independent prognostic factor in prostate cancer is still controversial. We retrospectively investigated its predictive role in disease progression following radical prostatectomy. The histological sections of radical prostatectomies from 71 clinically localized, prostatic adenocarcinoma patients were reviewed for LVI. Pre- and postoperative follow-up data were collected. LVI was identified in 15.5% of cases. Univariate analysis showed a significant association between LVI and advanced pathological stage, higher Gleason score, positive surgical margins, extraprostatic extension, seminal vesicle invasion, and lymph node metastasis (each p < 0.05). Multivariate analyses pointed to vascular involvement as a strong and independent predictor for PSA failure (p = 0.023), and reduced biochemical progression-free survival (p = 0.019). LVI in radical prostatectomy is an adverse prognostic finding that must be recorded in the pathology report.
Under Consideration for Publication in Theory and Practice of Logic Programming Parametric Verification of a Group Membership Algorithm

We address the problem of verifying clique avoidance in the TTP protocol. TTP allows several stations embedded in a car to communicate. It has many mechanisms to ensure robustness to faults. In particular, it has an algorithm that allows a station to recognize itself as faulty and leave the communication. This algorithm must satisfy the crucial 'non-clique' property: it is impossible to have two or more disjoint groups of stations communicating exclusively with stations in their own group. In this paper, we propose an automatic verification method for an arbitrary number of stations N and a given number of faults k. We give an abstraction that allows to model the algorithm by means of unbounded (parametric) counter automata. We have checked the non-clique property on this model in the case of one fault, using the ALV tool as well as the LASH tool.
Formal Comparison of an Attribute Based Access Control Language for RESTful Services with XACML

This work introduces RestACL - an access control language for RESTful Services - and compares it with XACML using formal methods. XACML is a generic approach that targets Attribute Based Access Control (ABAC) in general. RestACL is founded on the ideas of the ABAC model, too, but utilizes the concepts of REST enabling a quicker evaluation of access requests. This work gives a brief introduction over the main ideas of RestACL and proves its evidence by giving transformation rules to translate security policies from RestACL to XACML and vice versa. The formalized transformation descriptions show the expressive strength of RestACL, because they demonstrate that any generic ABAC policy written in XACML can be expressed with RestACL, too. The correctness and completeness of RestACL can be proved with the transformation rules, too.
Robust state estimation based on orthogonal methods and maximum correntropy criterion

This paper presents an orthogonal implementation for power system state estimators based on the Maximum Correntropy Criterion (MCC). The proposed approach leads to a numerically robust estimator which exhibits self-healing properties, in the sense that gross errors in analog measurements are automatically rejected. As a consequence, robust estimates are produced without the need of running the state estimator again after bad data identification and removal. Numerical robustness is achieved by means of a specialized orthogonal algorithm based on fast Givens Rotations, which is able to handle the dynamic measurement weighting mechanism implied by the Parzen window concept associated to MCC. Results for a 3-bus test system are presented to properly illustrate the Correntropy principles, and several case studies conducted on the IEEE 30-bus and 57-bus benchmark systems are used to validate the proposed methodology.
Measurement of Tear Production Using the Phenol Red Thread Test in the Common Mynah (Acridotheres tristis)

Abstract To evaluate tear production in the common mynah (Acridotheres tristis) using the phenol red thread test (PRTT) and to make a comparison of measurements with the PRTT placed in the fornices of lower and upper eyelids, tear production of both eyes in 22 healthy adult captive mynah birds was evaluated. After positioning of threads in the fornices of upper and lower eyelids, the PRTT values of the birds were 17.5 ± 3.1 mm/15 s and 19.2 ± 2.5 mm/15 s, respectively. A significant difference was found between PRTT values for upper eyelids and lower eyelids (P = 0.01). This study provides novel data for normal reference ranges of PRTT values in healthy common mynah birds and shows that a difference is found depending on where the PRTT thread is placed.
Gastro-oesophageal reflux is common in oligosymptomatic patients with dental erosion: A pH-impedance and endoscopic study

Background Dental erosion is a complication of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GORD) according to the Montreal consensus statement. However, GORD has not been comprehensively characterized in patients with dental erosions and pH-impedance measures have not been reported. Objectives Characterize GORD in patients with dental erosions using 24-h multichannel intraluminal pH-impedance measurements (pH-MII) and endoscopy. Methods This single-centre study investigated reflux in successive patients presenting to dentists with dental erosion using pH-MII and endoscopy. Results Of the 374 patients, 298 (80%) reported GORD symptoms <2 per week, 72 (19%) had oesophagitis and 59 (16%) had a hiatal hernia. In the 349 with pH-MII the mean percentage time with a pH <4 (95% CI) was 11.0 (9.3–12.7), and 34.4% (31.9–36.9) for a pH <5.5, a critical threshold for dental tissue. The mean numbers of total, acidic and weakly acidic reflux episodes were 71 (63–79), 43 (38–49) and 31 (26–35), respectively. Of the reflux episodes, 19% (17–21) reached the proximal oesophagus. In 241 (69%) patients reflux was abnormal using published normal values for acid exposure time and reflux episodes. No significant associations between the severity of dental erosions and any reflux variables were found. The presence of GORD symptoms and of oesophagitis or a hiatal hernia was associated with greater reflux, but not with increased dental erosion scores. Conclusions Significant oligosymptomatic gastro-oesophageal reflux occurs in the majority of patients with dental erosion. The degree of dental erosion did not correlate with any of the accepted quantitative reflux indicators. Definition of clinically relevant reflux parameters by pH-MII for dental erosion and of treatment guidelines are outstanding. Gastroenterologists and dentists need to be aware of the widely prevalent association between dental erosion and atypical GORD.
LASSAP, a LArge Scale Sequence compArison Package

MOTIVATION This paper presents LASSAP, a new software package for sequence comparison. LASSAP is a programmable, high-performance system designed to raise current limitations of sequence comparison programs in order to fit the needs of large-scale analysis. LASSAP provides an API (Application Programming Interface) allowing the integration of any generic pairwise-based algorithm. RESULTS Whatever pairwise algorithm is used in LASSAP, it shares with all other algorithms numerous enhancements such as: (i) intra- and inter-databank comparisons; (ii) computational requests (selections and computations are achieved on the fly); (iii) frame translations on queries and databanks; (iv) structured results allowing easy and powerful post-analysis; (v) performance improvements by parallelization and the driving of specialized hardware. LASSAP currently implements all major sequence comparison algorithms (Fasta, Blast, Smith/Waterman), and other string matching and pattern matching algorithms. LASSAP is both an integrated software for end-users and a framework allowing the integration and the combination of new algorithms. LASSAP is used in different projects such as the building of PRODOM, the exhaustive comparison of yeast sequences, and the subfragments matching problem of TREMBL.
Learned recognition of introduced predators determines survival of tadpole prey

Summary Alien predators are one of the major causes for rapid decline and extinction of native species, because they often create novel ecological contexts in which the antipredatory responses of native organisms are no longer fit. Although larval amphibians are often capable of innately responding to chemical cues from local predators through changes in morphology and behaviour, naive tadpoles generally cannot recognize introduced predators with which they have not shared an evolutionary past. However, in a few documented cases, aquatic organisms have been observed to alter morphology or behaviour in response to alien predators. Such a response may have evolved as adaptive recognition, increasing their repertoire of innate responses to include the novel predator or may have evolved as the prey's ability to learn new threats by association with conspecific alarm cues. The red swamp crayfish, Procambarus clarkii, is a harmful invasive species in aquatic systems world-wide, causing great ecological impact on native amphibian populations during the last decades through intense predation of eggs and tadpoles. We demonstrate that naive tadpoles of the western spadefoot toad, Pelobates cultripes, are not capable of innately recognizing water-borne predator cues from the red swamp crayfish. Nevertheless, we demonstrate that P. cultripes tadpoles can learn to recognize the cues of the invasive predatory crayfish as a threat when they are exposed to predator cues combined with conspecific alarm cues. Finally, we show that tadpoles conditioned by joint exposure to crayfish and alarm cues enjoy higher survival during predation trials with invasive crayfish. Learning to recognize a newly introduced predator through association with conspecific alarm cues may allow successful generalization of antipredatory responses by tadpoles. This cognitive ability of tadpoles may contribute to reduce their vulnerability to alien predators and soothe the impact of invasions in natural populations.
An improved JADE algorithm for global optimization

In differential evolution (DE), the optimal value of the control parameters is problem-dependent. Many improved DE algorithms have been proposed with the aim of improving the effectiveness for solving general problems. As a very known adaptive DE algorithm, JADE adjusts the crossover probability CR of each individual by a norm distribution, in which the value of standard deviation is fixed, based on its historical record of success. The fixed and small standard deviation results in that the generated CR may not suitable for solving a problem. This paper proposed an improvement for the adaptation of CR, in which the standard deviation is adaptive. The diversity of values of CR was improved. This improvement was incorporated into the JADE algorithm and tested on a set of 25 scalable benchmark functions. The results showed that the adaptation of CR improved the performance of the JADE algorithm, particularly in comparisons with several other peer algorithms on high-dimensional functions.