Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Iterative carrier frequency offset estimation and compensation for OFDMA uplink

This paper presents a method to counteract the detrimental effects of carrier frequency offsets (CFOs) in the uplink of OFDMA-based wireless networks. The CFO values of different users are first estimated from the received decomposed signal using the best linear unbiased estimator (BLUE). The CFOs effects are then compensated based on the estimated values and also taking advantage of an iterative parallel interference cancellation (PIC) scheme. A novel contribution of this paper is introducing an iterative concatenated estimation and compensation algorithm for suppressing the residual interference due to imperfect estimators. The introduced method is successful where the estimator converges after only one iteration with a significant improvement in estimation accuracy. Also very close BER performance results can be achieved to that of systems with perfect knowledge or without CFOs particularly at practical SNRs.
Aerosol optical properties at Lampedusa (Central Mediterranean). 1. Influence of transport and identification of different aerosol types

Aerosol optical depth and Angstrom exponent were obtained from multi filter rotating shadowband radiometer (MFRSR) observations carried out at the island of Lampedusa, in the Central Mediterranean, in the period July 2001–September 2003. The average aerosol optical depth at 495.7 nm, τ, is 0.24±0.14; the average Angstrom exponent, α, is 0.86±0.63. The observed values of τ range from 0.03 to 1.13, and the values of α vary from −0.32 to 2.05, indicating a large variability in aerosol content and size. In cloud-free conditions, 36% of the airmasses come from Africa, 25% from Central-Eastern Europe, and 19% from Western France, Spain and the North Atlantic. In summer, 42% of the airmasses is of African origin. In almost all cases African aerosols display high values of τ and low values of α, typical of Saharan dust (average values of τ and α are 0.36 and 0.42, respectively). Particles originating from Central-Eastern Europe show relatively large average values of τ and α (0.23 and 1.5, respectively), while particles from Western France, Spain and the North Atlantic show the lowest average values of τ (0.15), and relatively small values of α (0.92). Intermediate values of α are often connected with relatively fast changes of the airmass originating sector, suggesting the contemporary presence of different types of particles in the air column. Clean marine conditions are rare at Lampedusa, and are generally associated with subsidence of the airmasses reaching the island. Average values of τ and α for clean marine conditions are 0.11 and 0.86, respectively. The largest values of α (about 2) were observed in August 2003, when large scale forest fires in Southern Europe produced consistent amounts of fine combustion particles, that were transported to the Central Mediterranean by a persistent high pressure system over Central Europe. Smoke particles in some cases mix with desert dust, producing intermediate values of α. The seasonal distribution of the meteorological patterns over the Mediterranean, the efficiency of the aerosol production mechanisms, and the variability of the particles' residence time produce a distinct seasonal cycle of aerosol optical depths and Angstrom exponent values. Particles originating from all sectors show a summer maximum in aerosol optical depth. The summer increase in optical depth for European aerosols is linked with an increment in the values of α, that indicates an enhancement in the number of fine particles. The summer maximum of τ for African particles is associated with a weak reduction in the Angstrom exponent, suggesting an increase in the total number of particles and a relatively more intense transport of large particles. The observations were classified according to the aerosol optical properties, and two main classes have been identified: desert dust and biomass burning/urban-industrial aerosols. Values of τ and α averaged over the whole observing period are 0.37 and 0.15 for desert dust, and 0.27 and 1.77 for urban-industrial/biomass burning aerosols.
Segmentation of Images based Cellular Automata-Reactive Agent Implemented in Netlogo Platform

In this paper, a method based on a coupling multi-agent system and cellular automata to solve a problem of image segmentation, is developed. The used agent is of reactive type. The creation and the death of agents are related to the development of cellular automata. In this work a cellular automata is as a grid of cells of planar structure (image segmentation), with a Moore neighborhood is proposed. Two functions of transitions are used to vary cellular automata; and each agent will get two states. In order to validate this work, NetLogo platform is used and applied to mammograms, and results are satisfactory.
Differential tolerance among cryptic species: A potential cause of pollutant‐related reductions in genetic diversity

Differential mortality of cryptic species (i.e., morphologically similar but genetically distinct sibling species) may contribute to observed reductions in genetic diversity at contaminated sites if the members of a complex of cryptic species exhibit differential responses to the contaminants that are present. We conducted toxicity bioassays with both polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbon and metal contamination on Cletocamptus fourchensis and C. stimpsoni from two intensively sampled locations. Previous molecular and detailed morphological analyses segregated these as cryptic species from the cosmopolitan C. deitersi. We found that these species occur together at two field sites and that they exhibit unique toxic responses to heavy metals, suggesting differential tolerances at contaminated sites. These findings suggest that reported losses of genetic diversity at contaminated sites may represent a reduction in species diversity rather than a loss of the presumed less‐tolerant genotypes within a species. They also suggest that members of a cryptic species complex should not be used in laboratory toxicity tests unless populations are genetically characterized. Future studies using genetic diversity as a marker of contaminant effects should consider the possibility of undetected cryptic species.
Neural Network-Based Vector Representation of Documents for Reader-Emotion Categorization

In this paper, we propose a novel approach for reader-emotion categorization using word embedding learned from neural networks and an SVM classifier. The primary objective of such word embedding methods involves learning continuous distributed vector representations of words through neural networks. It can capture semantic context and syntactic cues, and subsequently be used to infer similarity measures among words, sentences, and even documents. Various methods of combining the word embeddings are tested for their performances on reader-emotion categorization of a Chinese news corpus. Results demonstrate that the proposed method, when compared to several other approaches, can achieve comparable or even better performances.
A System for Translating Locative Prepositions from English into French

Machine translation of locative prepositions is not straightforward, even between closely related languages. This paper discusses a system of translation of locative prepositions between English and French. The system is based on the premises that English and French do not always conceptualize objects in the same way, and that this accounts for the major differences in the ways that locative prepositions are used in these languages. This paper introduces knowledge representations of conceptualizations of objects, and a method for translating prepositions based on these conceptual representations.
HYPERINSULINISM AND HYPERTRIGLYCERIDEMIA Table 1 Characteristics and Laboratory Data of CHD and Control Patients Age Patients

Fasting serum lipid levels, glucose tolerance, and immunoreactive insulin concentrations of 50 young patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) and 30 control subjects were evaluated to study the interrelationships of these metabolic factors. Abnormalities in one or more of these factors could be shown in 90% of the patients and 20% of the control subjects. Thirty-four of the 50 patients had elevated cholesterol or triglyceride levels, or both, 30 had abnormally elevated or delayed insulin responses after glucose, and 17 had abnormal glucose tolerance. A significant correlation existed between serum triglyceride and insulin concentrations. When insulin levels were reduced by phenformin, triglyceride concentrations fell toward normal. These findings indicate that carbohydrate, insulin, and lipid abnormalities are rather prevalent in patients with CHD. Excessive insulin secretion secondary to mild glucose intolerance probably induces hepatic synthesis of triglycerides and hypertriglyceridemia. Dietary alterations or pharmacological agents may help to control some of the metabolic abnormalities associated with premature CHD.
An Ensemble-Based Named Entity Recognition Solution for Detecting Consumer Products

This paper presents a technical description of a solution for International Conference on Data Mining 2012 Contest - Consumer Products number 1. The Contest provided a dataset including thousands of text items, a product catalog with over fifteen million products, and hundreds of manually annotated product mentions to support data-driven approaches. The task was to identify product mentions within a large user-generated web-based textual corpus and disambiguate the mentions against the large product catalog. The solution consists of an ensemble-based algorithm for processing a textual content. It uses Conditional Random Fields and a special approach which recognizes product mentions. This solution finished in the third place in the contest.
Correlation between grain quality of foxtail millet (Setaria italica [L.] P. Beauv.) and environmental factors on multivariate statistical analysis

Quantifying the effects of environmental conditions on grain quality of foxtail millet (Setaria italica [L.] P. Beauv.) is critical for large-scale promotion of high-quality foxtail millet according to local conditions. We analyzed quantitative correlation between grain quality of foxtail millet and environmental factors during the growing season (May-September) using multivariate statistical analysis under different ecological conditions at five representative locations across Shanxi Province, China. Based on the results of principal component analysis, the first principal component, which explained 58.22% of total variance in grain quality, was selected to represent the comprehensive quality of foxtail millet. The results of gray relational analysis showed that the difference in grain quality across different locations was mainly affected by altitude (grey relational grade [GRG] = 0.8137), followed by precipitation (GRG = 0.7744), diurnal temperature range (GRG = 0.6816), latitude (GRG = 0.5417), sunshine hours (GRG = 0.5052), and ≥ 20 °C accumulated temperature (GRG = 0.4517). The precipitation of July and diurnal temperature range of July-September had the greatest effect on grain quality of foxtail millet. Stepwise regression and path analyses revealed that altitude, precipitation, and ≥ 20 °C accumulated temperature were the major environmental factors affecting grain quality of foxtail millet, which determined 99% of total variance in grain quality. Altitude and precipitation exhibited a significant positive effect, while ≥ 20 °C accumulated temperature showed a significant negative effect. The regression equation proposed in this study (P = 0.0048, R2 = 0.99) can be used to predict and forecast grain quality of foxtail millet.
On the uplink capacity of cellular CDMA and TDMA over nondispersive channels

We investigate the interuser interference on the uplink channel (from users to base station) in cellular code-division multiple access (CDMA) and time-division multiple access (TDMA) systems. The results indicate that for the same total bandwidth occupancy and maximum number of users per cell, interuser interference is approximately 10 dB higher in CDMA in fully loaded cells. The implication of these results is that for the same total bandwidth and number of users per cell, TDMA gives superior bit error rate (BER) performance, as confirmed by our numerical results on additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channels as well as on flat Rayleigh fading channels. Alternatively, CDMA needs approximately 10 times more bandwidth than TDMA to achieve the same signal-to-interference (S/I) ratio and bit error rate performance in fully loaded cells.
Multimodal Human–Robot Interaction for Walker-Assisted Gait

Human mobility is affected by different types of pathologies and also decreases gradually with age. In this context, Smart Walkers may offer important benefits for human assisted-gait in rehabilitation and functional compensation scenarios. This paper proposes a new interaction strategy for human-walker cooperation. The presented strategy is based on the acquisition of human gait parameters by means of data fusion from inertial measurement units and a laser range finder. This paper includes the mathematical formulation of the controller, simulations, and practical experimentation of the interaction strategy, in order to show the performance of the control system, including the parameter detection methodology. In the experimental study, despite the continuous oscillation during the walking, the parameter estimation was suitable for assisted ambulation, showing an appropriate adaptive behavior with changes in human linear velocity. Finally, the controller keeps the walker continuously following in front of the human gait, and it is shown how the walker orientation follows the human orientation during the real experiments.
The Pursuit of Newsworthiness on Twitter

Although journalists follow social media and social media do contain newsworthy insight and knowledge, this type of data is rarely analyzed for journalistic purposes. This paper presents a cluster analysis tool that supports a journalistic inquiry into Twitter messages. By tailoring cluster analysis methods this tool produces subsets of a text collection with similar texts to speed up the quest for interesting user generated content. Results show promise for this kind of computer supported analysis, but also outlines problems both with the methodology and the assumptions that good arguments or novel opinions are enough to be considered newsworthy. Evaluation by professional journalists show that in spite of an acceptable quality of algorithmic sorting, the focus in future applications should put more emphasis personas, and identifying “the usual suspects”.
The global nitrogen cycle in the twenty-first century

Global nitrogen fixation contributes 413 Tg of reactive nitrogen (Nr) to terrestrial and marine ecosystems annually of which anthropogenic activities are responsible for half, 210 Tg N. The majority of the transformations of anthropogenic Nr are on land (240 Tg N yr−1) within soils and vegetation where reduced Nr contributes most of the input through the use of fertilizer nitrogen in agriculture. Leakages from the use of fertilizer Nr contribute to nitrate (NO3−) in drainage waters from agricultural land and emissions of trace Nr compounds to the atmosphere. Emissions, mainly of ammonia (NH3) from land together with combustion related emissions of nitrogen oxides (NOx), contribute 100 Tg N yr−1 to the atmosphere, which are transported between countries and processed within the atmosphere, generating secondary pollutants, including ozone and other photochemical oxidants and aerosols, especially ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3) and ammonium sulfate (NH4)2SO4. Leaching and riverine transport of NO3 contribute 40–70 Tg N yr−1 to coastal waters and the open ocean, which together with the 30 Tg input to oceans from atmospheric deposition combine with marine biological nitrogen fixation (140 Tg N yr−1) to double the ocean processing of Nr. Some of the marine Nr is buried in sediments, the remainder being denitrified back to the atmosphere as N2 or N2O. The marine processing is of a similar magnitude to that in terrestrial soils and vegetation, but has a larger fraction of natural origin. The lifetime of Nr in the atmosphere, with the exception of N2O, is only a few weeks, while in terrestrial ecosystems, with the exception of peatlands (where it can be 102–103 years), the lifetime is a few decades. In the ocean, the lifetime of Nr is less well known but seems to be longer than in terrestrial ecosystems and may represent an important long-term source of N2O that will respond very slowly to control measures on the sources of Nr from which it is produced.
Simulator with Photon and Arbitrarily Arranged RBC for Hematocrit Estimation

This paper introduces a simulator to estimate density of red blood cells (RBCs) from optical intensity based on blood properties of optical absorption and scattering model. The simulator will be directly used to estimate density of RBC, which is an important index for preventing thrombosis. In this simulator, Lambert-beer's law is used to acquire transmittance of RBCs with hemoglobin absorptance, while Monte Carlo method is used to obtain scattering property through iterative calculations. One of the advantages of this simulator is that position and number of RBCs are arbitrarily arranged for hematocrit estimation, while the conventional model can not deal with. Using the simulator, transitions of optical intensity were simulated with two variables: emitter-detector distance and hematocrit. These transitions were also measured in experiments with bovine blood to evaluate the simulator model. As a result, these experiment data corresponded with the simulated data in 2.5% error of converting hematocrit. We confirmed the developed simulator model was precise enough in optical propagation, and it indicated that this simulator could be applicable to hematocrit estimation.
Sparse manifold embedding Tri-factor Nonnegative Matrix Factorization

Tri-factor Nonnegative Matrix Factorization (TNMF) is of use in simultaneously clustering rows and columns of the input data matrix. In this paper, we present a Sparse Manifold Embedding Tri-factor Nonnegative Matrix Factorization (STNMF) for data clustering. Similar to most graph regularized NMF, STNMF is to extend the original TNMF by incorporating the graph regularized and sparse manifold embedding constraints into the TNMF model. The key advantage of this method is that the STNMF simultaneously compute sparse similarity matrix, clustering rows and columns of the input data matrix. Finally, our experiment results are presented.
Sodium Lidar for Mesopause Temperature and Wind Studies

In 1990 Dr. Chiao-Yao She developed a narrowband Na Temperature lidar in Colorado State University (CSU), it immediately became an important instrument to measure the temperature in mesopause region (80-105 km in altitude): the atmospheric layer between mesosphere and thermosphere [Krueger et al., 2015]. Led by Dr. Tao Yuan, this system was relocated to Utah State University (USU) in summer 2010 and has been continuing its exploration of upper atmosphere. This report will give a brief introduction to the theory and application of Sodium Lidar.
IMMUNOMODULATORY EFFECTS OF HEMAGGLUTINATING LECTINS FROM POTATO (SOLANUM TUBEROSUM) AND GARLIC (ALLIUM SATIVUM) ON HUMAN AND MURINE LYMPHOCYTES

Objective: Potato (Solanum tuberosum) and garlic (Allium sativum) are an important ubiquitously consumed dietary components and known to contain lectins, with potent and diverse biological functions. Present study aims to evaluate the mitogenicity and immunomodulatory potential of these lectins on human and murine lymphocytes. Methods: The lectin activity of raw and heat processed extracts along with purified proteins were confirmed by heamagglutination and glycoprotein binding assays. MTT assay employed to evaluate the mitogenic and cytotoxic potential. Nitric oxide and NBT assays were performed for NO and ROS induction from lymphocytes and macrophages respectively. Results: Raw and heat processed extracts of potato and garlic induced heamagglutination and demonstrated binding affinity to glycoproteins. Potato lectin was identified as pan agglutinin whereas garlic lectins, were blood group specific with differential glycan recognition. Garlic extracts and lectins (ASAs) exhibited a strong mitogenicity towards human and murine lymphocytes. The proliferation index for ASA I (70-75%) and ASA II (35-40%) are comparable to those of the reference mitogens. However, Potato extracts and lectin (STA) was non-mitogenic and found cytotoxic for both human and murine lymphocytes. Raw garlic extract showed a significant increase in ROS generation. Both potato and garlic lectins failed to induce ROS from macrophages and nitric oxide (NO) from human PBLs. Conclusions: Both potato and garlic lectins were capable of interacting with cell surface glycoproteins and it is evident that the garlic lectins have stimulatory effect whereas the potato lectin has an inhibitory effect on lymphocyte proliferation. There by, study indicates that garlic lectins are mitogenic and co-mitogenic, whereas potato lectin is non-mitogenic or anti-mitogenic in nature.
Phylogeography and Divergence Date Estimates of a Lichen Species Complex with a Disjunct Distribution Pattern 1

The principles and processes governing the geographical distribution of genealogical lineages can be understood through an integrative phylogeographical approach (Avise, 2000). Plants and animals have been well studied in a biogeographical context , but fungi and other cryptogams have been largely overlooked (Hibbett, 2001 ; Lumbsch et al., 2008), primarily due to limited fossil records and unknown dispersal mechanisms (Hib-bett, 2001). In fungi, there has been much recent interest in studying the processes of speciation and biogeography in a phy-knowledge of lichen-forming fungi is still very poor because conclusions are based on interpreting distribution maps and correlating distribution patterns with geologic history (Printzen et al., 2003). Fungal species, including lichens, usually have wider distributions than vascular plants (L ü cking, 2003). However, some species have well-defi ned disjunction patterns, where populations of the same species or closely related taxa present discon-Among a variety of disjunction types in lichens, the interconti-nental patterns are the most frequent. Many lichen species are only present in western North America and southern Europe (WNA-E), such as Lecidea holopolia (Tuck.) Zahlbr. , Lepto-gium subaridum P. M. J ø rg. & Goward, Kaernefeltia merrillii (Du Rietz) A. Thell & Goward and Waynea californica Moberg. Another group of species show a South American – African dis-junction pattern (SA-AF), for example, Caloplaca elegantis-sima (Nyl.) Zahlbr. and C. isidiosa (Vain.) Zahlbr. The intercontinental disjunction is not restricted to lichen species; it also occurs in mosses and genera of seed plants (Tiffney and Manchester, 2001 ; Printzen et al., 2003 ; Shaw et al., 2003). Several biogeographic and phylogeographic studies of vascular plants and mosses have pointed out different hypotheses to explain these patterns (Shaw et al. Explanations vary among different species, even within a single group of organisms, suggesting that a single explanation cannot even be applied to closely related organisms. Many studies have concluded that for some taxa, a vicariance model caused by geologic and climatic events during the Tertiary best explains disjunctions Alternatively, data from other studies have indicated distribution patterns are a result of recent long-distance dispersal (Crespo et al. Lichens can be dispersed either by sexual (microscopic individual spores of the mycobiont) or vegetative propagules (contain both symbionts) such as isidia or soredia. The vegetative propagules are better suited to the establishment of new individuals , but spores are more effective as long-distance propagules (Buschbom, 2007). Some lichen species with an in-tercontinental disjunction distribution pattern rarely produce …