Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Very narrow coronal mass ejections producing solar energetic particles

Aims. Our main aim is to study the relationship between low-energy solar particles (energies below 1 MeV) and very narrow coronal mass ejections (“jets” with angular width ≤ 20°). Methods. For this purpose, we considered 125 very narrow coronal mass ejections (CMEs) from 1999 to 2003 that are potentially associated with low-energy solar particles (LESPs). These events were chosen on the basis of their source location. We studied only very narrow CMEs at the western limb, which are expected to have good magnetic connectivity with Earth. Results. We found 24 very narrow CMEs associated with energetic particles such as ions (protons and 3He), electrons, or both. We show that arrival times at Earth of energetic particles are consistent with onset times of the respective CMEs, and that in the same time intervals, there are no other potential sources of energetic particles. We also demonstrate statistical differences for the angular width distributions using the Kolmogorov–Smirnov test for angular widths for these 24 events. We consider a coherent sample of jets (mostly originating from boundaries of coronal holes) to identify properties of events that produce solar energetic particles (velocities, widths, and position angles). Our study presents a new approach and result: very narrow CMEs can generate low-energy particles in the vicinity of Earth without other activity on the Sun. The results could be very useful for space weather forecasting.
On multiplication in $q$-Wiener chaoses

We pursue the investigations initiated by Donati-Martin [9] and Effros-Popa [10] regarding the multiplication issue in the chaoses generated by the q -Brownian motion ( q ∈ ( − 1 , 1) ), along two directions: ( i ) We provide a fully-stochastic approach to the problem and thus make a clear link with the standard Brownian setting; ( ii ) We elaborate on the situation where the kernels are given by symmetric functions, with application to the study of the q -Brownian martingales. that for all t 1 , . , t r and Y := X t 3 · · · X t r , ϕ (cid:0) X t 1 X t 2 Y (cid:1) − ϕ (cid:0) X t 2 X t 1 Y (cid:1) = (1 − q ) P t 1 ,. ,t r ( q ) , for some polynomial P t 1 ,. ,t r ( q ) , which, to some illustrates the following
SCAFFOLDING STUDENTS' INFORMAL INFERENCE AND ARGUMENTATION

This paper focuses on developing students’ informal ideas of inference and argumentative skills. This topic is of current interest to many researchers and teachers of statistics. We study fifth graders’ learning processes in an exploratory interdisciplinary learning environment that uses TinkerPlots to scaffold and extend students’ statistical reasoning. The careful design of the learning trajectory based on growing samples heuristics coupled with the unique features of TinkerPlots were found instrumental in supporting students’ multiplicative reasoning, aggregate reasoning, acknowledging the value of large samples, and accounting for variability. These processes were accompanied by greater ability to verbalize, explain and argue about data-based inferences. In the light of the analysis, a description of what it may mean to begin reasoning and arguing about inference by young students is proposed.
PENGARUH MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN BIGBOOK TERHADAP KEMAMPUAN MENYIMAK ANAK TK AL-WATHANIYAH KECAMATAN KOTA TIMUR KOTA GORONTALO

Tujuan Penelitian ini yaitu ingin mengetahui apakah ada pengaruh media pembelajaran bigbook terhadap kemampuan menyimak anak. Penelitian ini menggunakan jenis penelitian eksperimen dengan menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif untuk mendapatkan informasi yang lengkap dan mendalam mengenai pengaruh media pembelajaran bigbook terhadap kemampuan menyimak anak pada kelompok A TK Al- wathaniyah kecamatan kota timur kota gorontalo. Populasi dalam penelitian ini berjumlah 18 sehingga penelitian ini dikatakan sebagai penelitian populasi. Selanjutnya pengumpulan data penulis menggunakan observasi, angket, tes dan dokumentasi, dan jenis analisis data menggunakan tahapan SPSS 16. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian uji t menunjukkan bahwa media pembelajaran bigbook memiliki pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap kemampuan menyimak anak yaitu sebesar 95% dan di peroleh thitung = -23.252 dan nilai sig. (2-tailed) = 0.000. Sebab Nilai signifikannya 0.000 < 0.005 maka H0 di tolak dan Hi diterima. Dengan demikian media pembelajaran bigbook berpengaruh positif terhadap kemampuan menyimak anak. Dari penelitian ini guru dapat mengetahui seberapa besar pengaruh pemberian media pembelajaran bigbook terhadap kemampuan menyimak anak. Sehingga diharapkan kepada guru lebih kreatif memilih media yang digunakan sehingga peserta didik lebih bersemangat untuk menerima pelajaran.
Surface Photochemistry: 3,3′-Dialkylthia and Selenocarbocyanine Dyes Adsorbed onto Microcrystalline Cellulose

In this work, thia and selenocarbocyanines with n-alkyl chains of different length, namely with methyl, ethyl, propyl, hexyl and decyl substituents, were studied in homogeneous and heterogeneous media for comparison purposes. For both carbocyanine dyes adsorbed onto microcrystalline cellulose, a remarkable increase in the fluorescence quantum yields and lifetimes were detected, when compared with solution. Contrary to the solution behaviour, where the increase in the n-alkyl chains length increases to a certain extent the fluorescence emission ΦF and τF, on powdered solid samples a decrease of ΦF and τF was observed. The use of an integrating sphere enabled us to obtain absolute ΦF’s for all the powdered samples. The main difference for liquid homogeneous samples is that the increase of the alkyl chain strongly decreases the ΦF values, both for thiacarbocyanines and selenocarbocyanines. A lifetime distribution analysis for the fluorescence of these dyes adsorbed onto microcrystalline cellulose, evidenced location on the ordered and crystalline part of the substrate, as well as on the more disordered region where the lifetime is smaller. The increase of the n-alkyl chains length decreases the photoisomer emission for the dyes adsorbed onto microcrystalline cellulose, as detected for high fluences of the laser excitation, for most samples.
Socio-Demographic Characteristics and Predictors of Childhood Primary Nocturnal Enuresis in Benin City, Nigeria

Aim: To document the socio-demographic characteristics and predictors of primary nocturnal enuresis in children. Study Design: A descriptive cross sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: The study was carried out in public primary and secondary schools in Egor Local Government Area, Edo State, Nigeria from April to August 2014. Participants and Methods: A semi-structured self-administered questionnaire was used to obtained information about nocturnal enuresis from 1221 mothers/child pair who gave consent to participate in the study. Results: Prevalence of primary nocturnal enuresis in the children was 18.8% (primary monosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis 73.7% and primary non- monosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis 26.3%). Children ages 5 – 7 years (OR = 5.0, p = 0.00) and those from the large household (20.3%) ( p = 0.02) significantly had primary nocturnal enuresis. Predictors of primary nocturnal enuresis in this study included difficulty to awaken child from sleep ( β = 0.90, OR = 2.5, p = 0.00), history of soiling under-wear ( β = 1.56, OR = 5.0, p = 0.00), urgency ( β = 1.0, OR = 2.7, p = 0.00), and family history of enuresis ( β = 1.95, OR = 7.0, p = 0.00). Conclusion: This study showed that about one out of every five school children had primary nocturnal enuresis. Difficulty to awaken child from sleep, soiling of under-wears, history of urgency and family history independently predicted primary nocturnal enuresis.
Effect of sputtering pressure on stacking fault density and perpendicular magnetic anisotropy of CoPt alloys

We report the effects of Ar sputtering pressure on perpendicular magnetic anisotropy in disordered CoPt alloys via the modulation of stacking fault density. The coercivity and anisotropy field of CoPt alloys are gradually enlarged with an increase in Ar sputtering pressure from 3 mTorr to 30 mTorr. Structural analyses using transmission electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy and x-ray reflectivity show that the structural properties of the samples, such as roughness or grain size, are not significantly changed by variations in Ar sputtering pressure. On the other hand, in-plane x-ray diffraction measurements reveal that the stacking fault density is reduced in films grown under higher pressure, and instead favors HCP stacking. Our results suggest that perpendicular magnetic anisotropy in CoPt alloys can be enhanced by the growth of the sample under a high Ar sputtering pressure, which decreases stacking fault density.
Increase in Activity During Calorie Restriction Requires Sirt1

Sir2 (silent information regulator 2) is a nicotinamide adenine dinucletide‐dependent deacetylase required for longevity due to calorie restriction in yeast and Drosophila. In mammals, calorie restriction induces a complex pattern of physiological and behavioral changes. Here we report that the mammalian Sir2 ortholog, Sirt1, is required for the induction of a phenotype by calorie restriction in mice.
Droplet collision dynamics in a spray dryer : experiments and simulations

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Association of polymorphisms in interleukin‐18 and interleukin‐28B with Hepatitis B recurrence after liver transplantation in Chinese Han population

Interleukin‐18 (IL‐18) is a potent proinflammatory cytokine, which can promote hepatitis B virus clearance. The latest studies find that genetic polymorphisms near the IL‐28B gene are strongly associated with sustained viral response and spontaneous viral clearance in patients with chronically infected hepatitis C and hepatitis B. We investigated the effect of rs187238 and rs1946518 in IL‐18 gene and rs8099917 in IL‐28B gene on HBV recurrence in liver transplant patients. A total of 200 liver transplant recipients and relevant donors were enrolled in this study. The patients’ mean follow‐up was 39 month (range 10–65 month). All liver transplant recipients were in a stable stage. The total recipients (n = 200) were divided into end‐stage liver disease secondary to hepatitis B (n = 140) and end‐stage liver disease secondary to other diseases (n = 60) before transplantation. Recipients (n = 140) with hepatitis B before transplantation were defined to nonHBV recurrence group (n = 119) or HBV recurrence group (n = 21), which was positive for HBsAg or elevatory in HBV DNA (>2.0 × 102 IU mL−1) after transplantation. For the recipients (n = 140) had hepatitis B before transplantation, we studied the single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of IL‐18 gene (rs187238 and rs1946518) and IL‐28B gene (rs8099917) by high‐resolution melting (HRM) curve analysis. The serum levels of IL‐18 and IFN‐γ were tested by ELISA. The serums levels of IFN‐γ were lower in HBV recurrence group than that in nonHBV recurrence group (P < 0.01). The genotype of IL‐28B gene rs8099917 was associated with alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels in HBV‐related liver transplant recipients (n = 140). The recipients with allele G (GG+GT) had higher ALT and AST levels (P < 0.05). No association was found between IL‐18 gene and IL‐28B gene polymorphisms with HBV recurrence in the liver transplant recipients or the donors. We identified that the IFN‐γ was a protective factor of HBV recurrence after liver transplantation. The allele G of rs8099917 was associated with hepatitis B‐related hepatocytes injury. The rs8099917 G allele subgroup should reinforce antiviral therapy.
Association between proto-oncogene mutations and clinicopathologic characteristics and overall survival in colorectal cancer in East Azerbaijan, Iran

Background Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third-most common cancer in Iran. The increasing incidence of CRC in the past three decades has made it a major public health burden in the country. This study aimed to determine any relationship of specific mutations in CRCs with clinicopathologic aspects and outcome of patients. Materials and methods This study was conducted on 100 CRC patients by the case-only method. Polymerase chain-reaction products were analyzed by Sanger sequencing, and sequence results were compared with the significant KRAS and BRAF gene mutations in the My Cancer Genome database. Logistic regression models were used to detect associations of clinicopathologic characteristics with each of the mutations. Kaplan–Meier and Cox regression models were constructed to estimate overall survival in patients. Results A total of 26 subjects (26%) had heterozygote-mutant KRAS, and mutations were not detected in the amplified exon of BRAF in both tumor and normal tissues of the 100 CRCs. Rectal tumors had 1.53-fold higher likelihood of KRAS mutations than colon tumors, and men had 1.37-fold higher odds than women. The presence of metastasis increased the likelihood of KRAS mutations 2.36-fold over those with nonmetastatic CRCs. Compared to patients with KRAS wild-type cancers, those with KRAS mutations had significantly higher mortality (hazard ratio 3.74, 95% confidence interval 1.44–9.68; log-rank P=0.003). Conclusion Better understanding of the causality of CRC can be established by combining epidemiology and research on molecular mechanisms of the disease.
On observation-driven time series modeling

This thesis addresses different aspects of observation-driven time series modeling. The main contributions concern the reliability of likelihood-based inference and the specification of dynamic models to capture complex behaviors observed in time series data. As concerns inference, the main focus of the thesis is on invertibility conditions for observation-driven time series models. Invertibility plays a key role in ensuring the consistency of likelihood-based estimators. However, the invertibilty conditions typically employed in the literature are often unfeasible to be checked. Therefore, the reliability of inference fails to be guaranteed in practice. This thesis contributes to the literature by deriving feasible conditions that ensure the consistency of the maximum likelihood estimator for a wide class of models. One of the most appealing features of our consistency results is that they hold for both correctly specified and misspecified models. Several empirical examples covering different observation-driven models are presented. These examples highlight the practical relevance of the theoretical results. As concerns model specification, we cover two lines of research. The first is related to integer-valued time series data. We propose an extension to the class of Integer-valued Autoregressive models that allows the survival probability to vary over time. We show how our model can be easily estimated by maximum likelihood and we prove the consistency of the estimator. The flexibility of the proposed approach is shown through a simulation experiment and an application to a real time series of crime reports. Finally, the second line of research on model specification is an extension of the Generalized Autoregressive Score framework. We propose a class of models that updates time-varying parameters at different speeds in different time periods. The new updating equation can be employed to describe time series where the amount of information contained in the data is changing over time. This peculiarity is highlighted through a simulation study and we provide theoretical foundations for the proposed approach. Furthermore, two empirical applications to S&P 500 stock returns and US inflation illustrate how our method can be useful in practice.
Risky sexual behaviours related to sexually transmitted infections in a Shuar community of Taisha, Ecuador

: Objective: To describe risky sexual behaviours related to sexually transmitted infections (STIs) in a Shuar community of Taisha, Ecuador. Methodology: Descriptive-cross-sectional study, based on Leininger's cross-cultural theory. A total of 215 adults of both sexes over 18 years of age participated. A questionnaire validated by experts was used, with Delphi method. The relational analysis used the X 2 test. Results: Of the sample, 153 women and 62 men, 99.1 % identified themselves as heterosexual; 79.1 % indicated that their sexual activity began in preadolescence, most frequently of the genital type; 16.3 % reported having ever had an STI; 29.3 % had had sexual relations while intoxicated, of which 6 % reported using a condom. The 60 % percent responded that they do not use condoms because they do not know how and because they feel less pleasure; 36.7 % reported having casual sex, 73 % of them without using a condom. There was no significant association between sexual behaviors and age. Conclusion: The scarce use of condoms, incidental unprotected sex, early onset and sexual activity under the influence of alcohol or aphrodisiac substances were found to be risk practices for contracting a sexually transmitted infection in this indigenous community. There is a need to build bridges from the health system to the communities to implement prevention, diagnosis and treatment programs in early stages for detection, education, support and control. The transcultural nursing model and the interdisciplinary work allow knowing the principles, values and cosmovision of the community members.
ATLASGAL-selected massive clumps in the inner Galaxy. VI. Kinetic temperature and spatial density measured with formaldehyde

Context: Formaldehyde (H2CO) is a reliable tracer to accurately measure the physical parameters of dense gas in star-forming regions. Aim: We aim to determine directly the kinetic temperature and spatial density with formaldehyde for the ~100 brightest ATLASGAL-selected clumps (the TOP100 sample) at 870 ? m representing various evolutionary stages of high-mass star formation. Methods: Ten transitions (J = 3–2 and 4–3) of ortho- and para-H2CO near 211, 218, 225, and 291 GHz were observed with the Atacama Pathfinder EXperiment (APEX) 12 m telescope. Results: Using non-LTE models with RADEX, we derived the gas kinetic temperature and spatial density with the measured para-H2CO 321–220/303–202, 422–321/404–303, and 404–303/303–202 ratios. The gas kinetic temperatures derived from the para-H2CO 321–220/303–202 and 422–321/404–303 line ratios are high, ranging from 43 to >300 K with an unweighted average of 91 ± 4 K. Deduced Tkin values from the J = 3–2 and 4–3 transitions are similar. Spatial densities of the gas derived from the para-H2CO 404–303/303–202 line ratios yield 0.6–8.3 × 106 cm? 3 with an unweighted average of 1.5 (±0.1) × 106 cm? 3. A comparison of kinetic temperatures derived from para-H2CO, NH3, and dust emission indicates that para-H2CO traces a distinctly higher temperature than the NH3 (2, 2)/(1, 1) transitions and the dust, tracing heated gas more directly associated with the star formation process. The H2CO line widths are found to be correlated with bolometric luminosity and increase with the evolutionary stage of the clumps, which suggests that higher luminosities tend to be associated with a more turbulent molecular medium. It seems that the spatial densities measured with H2CO do not vary significantly with the evolutionary stage of the clumps. However, averaged gas kinetic temperatures derived from H2CO increase with time through the evolution of the clumps. The high temperature of the gas traced by H2CO may be mainly caused by radiation from embedded young massive stars and the interaction of outflows with the ambient medium. For Lbol/Mclump ? 10 L? /M? , we find a rough correlation between gas kinetic temperature and this ratio, which is indicative of the evolutionary stage of the individual clumps. The strong relationship between H2CO line luminosities and clump masses is apparently linear during the late evolutionary stages of the clumps, indicating that LH_2CO does reliably trace the mass of warm dense molecular gas. In our massive clumps H2CO line luminosities are approximately linearly correlated with bolometric luminosities over about four orders of magnitude in Lbol, which suggests that the mass of dense molecular gas traced by the H2CO line luminosity is well correlated with star formation.
ATLASGAL-selected massive clumps in the inner Galaxy - I. CO depletion and isotopic ratios

In the low-mass regime, it is found that the gas-phase abundances of C-bearing molecules in cold starless cores rapidly decrease with increasing density, as the molecules form mantles on dust grains. We study CO depletion in 102 massive clumps selected from the ATLASGAL 870 micron survey, and investigate its correlation with evolutionary stage and with the physical parameters of the sources. Moreover, we study the gradients in [12C]/[13C] and [18O]/[17O] isotopic ratios across the inner Galaxy, and the virial stability of the clumps. We use low-J emission lines of CO isotopologues and the dust continuum emission to infer the depletion factor fD. RATRAN one-dimensional models were also used to determine fD and to investigate the presence of depletion above a density threshold. The isotopic ratios and optical depth were derived with a Bayesian approach. We find a significant number of clumps with a large fD, up to ~20. Larger values are found for colder clumps, thus for earlier evolutionary phases. For massive clumps in the earliest stages of evolution we estimate the radius of the region where CO depletion is important to be a few tenths of a pc. Clumps are found with total masses derived from dust continuum emission up to ~20 times higher than the virial mass, especially among the less evolved sources. These large values may in part be explained by the presence of depletion: if the CO emission comes mainly from the low-density outer layers, the molecules may be subthermally excited, leading to an overestimate of the dust masses. CO depletion in high-mass clumps seems to behave as in the low-mass regime, with less evolved clumps showing larger values for the depletion than their more evolved counterparts, and increasing for denser sources. The C and O isotopic ratios are consistent with previous determinations, and show a large intrinsic scatter.
Propriétés ergodiques des suites $q$-multiplicatives

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Robust Switching Control of the Direct-Drive Servo Control Systems Based on Disturbance Observer for Switching Gain Reduction

Due to the existence of external disturbance which affects the systems’ robustness and stability, a robust sliding mode switching controller with disturbance observer method has been developed for the switching systems of the direct-drive servo control systems, which can eliminate the chatter and reduce the switching gain of the switching systems completely or alleviate it greatly. According to the Lyapunov stability method and the periodically switching law, the resulting closed-loop switched system is robustly stable such that all the signals in the resulting closed-loop switched system of the direct-drive servo control systems keep bounded and the sliding surface of the switching system can be well reached. Finally, the presented switching control scheme is easy to implement and simulation results illustrate the good control performance.