Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Periodontal inflammation correlates with systemic inflammation and insulin resistance in patients with recent diagnosis of type 2 diabetes

Background: diabetes and periodontitis are common comorbidities; however, the clinical implications of this association remain only partially known. This study was aimed to characterize the periodontal status of type 2 diabetic (T2D) patients and its correlation with metabolic and inflammatory parameters. Methods: patients (n = 30) with 5 or less years since the diagnosis of T2D (18 – 65 years old) were recruited. Anthropometric (Body Mass Index, BMI), metabolic (fasting glucose, glycated hemoglobin, insulin, HOMA-IR, HDL, LDL and total cholesterol, triglycerides) and inflammatory parameters (ultrasensitive C reactive protein, usCRP) were quantified. Periodontal evaluation included clinical attachment level (CAL), probing depth (PD), gingival level (GL) and bleeding on probing (BOP) average. Statistical significance was assessed by Mann-Whitney and Spearman correlation tests. Results: mean values of BOP, CAL, PD and GL were 39.3, 2.8, 2.8, and 0.1, respectively. BOP significantly correlated with BMI and HOMA-IR and was higher in patients with elevated usCRP >3 mg/L (p<0.05). Age and duration of T2D directly and inversely correlated with CAL and GL, respectively. BOP correlated with HOMA-IR and usCRP but not with patients´age, duration of T2D or BMI. Conclusions: in patients with recent diagnosis of T2D, BOP is associated with usCRP and HOMA-IR levels, suggesting that periodontal inflammation promotes insulin resistance possibly by increasing systemic inflammation.
Recruitment variation in a stream galaxiid fish: multiple influences on fry dynamics in a heterogeneous environment

SUMMARY 1. The relative importance of density-dependent and density-independent processes in explaining fluctuations in natural populations has been widely debated. In particular, the importance of larval supply and whether it may control the type of regulatory processes a population experiences has proved contentious. 2. Using surveys and field experiments conducted in streams in Canterbury, New Zealand, we investigated how variation in the survival of non-migratory Galaxias vulgaris fry was affected by density-dependent and density-independent processes and how this variation influenced recruitment dynamics. 3. Fry populations with high settlement densities experienced a 70‐80% reduction in population size from density-related mortality during the first fourteen days after peak settlement but thereafter the influence of density-dependent processes on fry was weak. The impact of environmental conditions on fry populations was dependent on fry size and the magnitude of the perturbation, such that flooding effects on fry survival were most severe when fry were small. 4. In streams not affected by flooding, the size and density of introduced trout (Salmo trutta and Oncorhynchus mykiss) were the most significant factors determining the abundance of eventual recruits. A field experiment manipulating brown trout access to fry populations revealed that trout as small as 110 mm may be capable of greatly reducing and possibly preventing galaxiid recruitment. 5. Overall, the results indicated density-dependent population regulation was only possible at sites with high native fish densities because trout were likely to be suppressing the number of potential recruits at sites with low native fish numbers. Whilst densitydependent processes had a strong effect on fry survival following the period of peak fry abundance, density-independent processes associated with flow and predatory trout influences on fry survival largely determined recruitment variability among galaxiid populations. Focusing conservation efforts on improving habitat to increase fry retention and reducing the impacts of trout on galaxiids would ensure more native fish populations reached their potential abundance.
A Longitudinal Analysis Of Shiftwork And Self-Reported Depression In A Police Cohort

iii LIST OF TABLES . vi LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS . vii CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION . 1 CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW . 5 CHAPTER 3: METHODS . 18 CHAPTER 4: RESULTS . 27 CHAPTER 5: DISCUSSION . 40 CHAPTER 6: CONCLUSION . 50 REFERENCES . 52
The Comparative Anatomy of the Tongues of the Mammalia.—VII. Cetaeea, Sirenia, and Ungulata.

Summary. 1 The tongues of the Cetacea have their glandular organs better developed, but their gustatory and mobile functions are less, than in other Mammalia. 2 The tongues of the Mystacoceti agree with those of the Odontoceti as follows:—1. Filiform papillae are scanty or absent. 2. The mucosa is more or less corrugated. 3. There is no trace of foramen cecum, Iptta, frenal lamella, lateral organs, and apical gland of Nuhn. 3 The tongues of the Mystacoceti and Odontoceti differ in the following points:—
Assessment of the Efficiency of Botox and Lip Reposition in the Correction of the Gummy Smile According To the Patients' Satisfaction

This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of both injection botulinum toxin type A (botox) and surgical lip reposition in the correction of the gummy smile due to hyperactive upper lip according to the resulting smile and the patients' satisfaction. This is done to determine the less damaging to the tissues and more stable alternative in giving results with statistical importance and aesthetically satisfying results. The method consists of 24 patients: 12 received the BTX-A injection and the remaining 12 underwent the surgical procedure (lip reposition). The patients rated their satisfaction according to their gingival display that was defined as the difference between the lower margin of the upper lip and the superior margin of the right incisor, and patients were followed at 2 weeks, 2 months and 6 months. Post injection and post surgery with changes documented by photographs. Both groups answered a questionnaire addressing the overall appearance and they were asked to rate the improvement of their smile according to a 5-point aesthetic scale BTX-A injection exhibits better results than those of surgery and had given safer and more satisfactory results than lip reposition. The patients rated the effects of BTX-A as highly favorable if we take into consideration that BTX-A was temporary effect but the surgical procedure (lip reposition) is 80% recurrent surgery because the lip reverted back to its original position with almost complete relapse after 6 months later and containing all the dangers affiliated with the surgical procedures. Research Article Citation: Mohammad Osama Makkiah. Assessment of the Efficiency of Botox and Lip Reposition in the Correction of the Gummy Smile According To the Patients' Satisfaction. Oral Health Dental Sci. 2017; 1(1); 1-4.
Potential evolution of the Seine River flood regime under climate change [Ivolution potentielle du régime des crues de la Seine sous changement climatique]

We regionalized 12 different scenarios of anthropogenic climate change in the Seine River basin, which were used as input to 5 different hydrological models. The resulting hydrological scenarios all agree on a marked depletion of the water resources during the 21st century, with an annual mean decrease in both water table level and river discharge. At the seasonal scale, the reduction of river flow is more marked on low than on high flows, the decrease of which is also less robust. The response of extreme flows is even more contrasted, and the QJXA10 high-flow quantile (annual daily maximum with an average return period of 10 years) would not change significantly during the 21st century. Our results also suggest that the 100-year flood, extrapolated using the gradex method, would remain of the same order of magnitude as today.
Have Consumers Been Deleveraging

Since its peak in summer 2008, U.S. consumers? indebtedness has fallen by more than a trillion dollars. Over roughly the same period, charge-offs? the removal of obligations from consumers? credit reports because of defaults? have risen sharply, especially on loans secured by houses, which make up about 80 percent of consumer liabilities. An important question for gauging the behavior of U.S. consumers is how to interpret these two trends. Is the reduction in debts entirely attributable to defaults, or are consumers actively reducing their debts? In this post, we demonstrate that a significant part of the debt reduction was produced by consumers borrowing less and paying off debt more quickly? a process often called deleveraging.
Epizoic Freshwater Algae on Emys orbicularis (Testudinata: Emydidae) from the Central Anatolia Region of Turkey

ABSTRACT We surveyed the epizoic algae growing on Emys orbicularis from several sites in the Central Anatolia region of Turkey during the nesting season (May-August) of 2005. Fifty-three algae species were found on carapaces of thirty-five E. Orbicularis, with considerable variation in the algal communities from different sites.
Characterization of lactic acid bacteria isolated from indigenous dahi samples for potential source of starter culture

Diversity and density of lactic acid bacteria from indigenous dahi were studied by the determination of morphological, cultural, physiological and biochemical characteristics. A total of 143 isolates were identified phenotypically and divided into three genera: Lactobacillus, Lactococcus and Streptococcus . The microorganisms isolated were Lactobacillus bulgaricus (23.77%), Streptococcus thermophilus (26.57%), Lactococcus lactis (13.9%), Lactobacillus acidophilus (9.79%), Lactobacillus lactis (9.79%), Lactobacillus delbreuckii (4.89%), Lactobacillus helveticus (2.79%), Lactobacillus casei (1.39%), Lactobacillus casei ssp. psuedoplantarum (2.79%), Streptococcus cremoris (2.09%) and Streptococcus lactis sub. diacetylactis (2.09%). Keywords: Lactic acid bacteria, fermented milk, dahi, characterization. African Journal of Biotechnology Vol. 12(33), pp. 5226-5231
The ecology of the Tamar Estuary VI. An account of the macrofauna of the intertidal muds

The macrofauna of the intertidal mud-flats of the River Tamar have been investigated. Quantitative samples were taken by sieving the mud through a o·8 mm. sieve. Traverses of series of stations were worked at successive intervals up the river, and the tidal level of each station ascertained. The characteristic species which inhabit the mud-flats are listed and the data secured regarding (1) population density, (2) up-river penetration, and (3) vertical distribution, are summarized and related to previous information on these points. While some species are more or less uniformly distributed intertidally, others show marked zonation, with maxima in one part or another of the intertidal zone. Marine species which penetrate into the estuary tend to show the same intertidal distribution as in marine habitats. All five of the more strictly estuarine species are concentrated in the upper tidal levels. In considering the limiting factors which cause a decrease of population at lower tidal levels, emphasis is placed on the probable importance of the increase in strength of water currents towards low water.
The effect of density of planting on the growth of two Phaseolus vulgaris varieties in England

Summary The growth and development of two varieties of Phaseolus vulgaris (Purley King and Limelight) were compared in two experiments in 1973 and 1974 at a range of planting density from 20 to 100 seeds/m2. Within this range, the relationship between seed yield and density in Purley King was asymptotic, although there was a suggestion that if even higher densities had been tested, a downward trend in yield might have occurred. The optimum density of planting for Purley King in Expt 1 was 50 seeds/m2 while that for Limelight was 40 seeds/m2. The corresponding densities in Expt 2 were 75 and 50 seeds/m2 respectively. Although number of branches per plant generally decreased with increasing density, there was no significant density effect on the number of nodes per plant. Thus stabilization of seed yield occurred even at quite low densities. Although in the low-density treatments, less vegetative tissue was produced, the peak of dry-matter yield occurred later after flowering and the slower subsequent senescence ensured the presence of active photosynthetic tissue throughout the pod-fill stage. Less pod retention occurred at high density which, combined with the ability of widely spaced plants to produce pods over a longer period, resulted in a similar number of pods per unit area over a wide range of density. Although the variety Purley King produced more than double the number of mature pods from its extra nodes and branches, it was outyielded by Limelight by 35% from the combined effect of more seeds per pod and a higher mean seed weight. Limelight also produced this high yield with less vegetative tissue. In both varieties it appeared that pod photosynthesis could take place, in Purley King because the pods were borne on higher nodes above the canopy and in Limelight due to the earlier senescence of its smaller leaf area. However, in spite of the apparent physiological advantages of Limelight, the pods are not borne high enough on this plant to enable satisfactory mechanical harvesting.
Measurements of Posterior Root Apices and Maxillary Sinus Floor according to the Side and Gender Differences using Cone Beam Computerized Tomography

Background: Understanding the morphological characteristics between the floor of the maxillary sinus and the tips of the maxillary posterior roots is crucial in orthodontics involving diagnosis and treatment planning. The aim of this study was to evaluate the distances from the maxillary posterior root apices to the inferior wall of the maxillary sinus, thickness and density of maxillary sinus floor using cone-beam computed tomography images and the relationships between roots and maxillary sinus according to side, and gender. Materials and methods: Three-dimensional images of each root were checked, and the distances were measured along the true vertical axis from the apex of the root to the sinus floor, and the thickness and density of maxillary sinus floor in 60 patients (30 males, 30 female) aged 18 to 25 years. Results: The results showed that the frequency of root contact with the sinus floor increased from 42.5% at the second premolar to more than 91% at the mesiobuccal roots of the second molars. The more protruded root into the sinus floor was the mesiobuccal root apices of the second molars. The distances of both mesiobuccal and palatal roots of second molars and density of second premolar and first molar in left side were significantly higher than the right side, while the thickness of mesiobuccal roots of the second molar was higher in right side than in left side. The distance and density had no significant difference in both males and females, while the thickness of distobuccal and palatal roots of the second molar is higher in females than in males. Conclusion: In conclusion intrusion of the maxillary molars in small distances between root tips and sinus floor could be difficult and slow due to the pneumatization of the maxillary sinus.
Extent of Anadromy in Bull Trout and Implications for Conservation of a Threatened Species

Abstract The use of radiotelemetry revealed that adult bull trout Salvelinus confluentus moved between freshwater and the Pacific Ocean and between watersheds along coastal Washington. Forty-seven of 82 radio-tagged bull trout implanted in the Hoh River and Kalaloch Creek basins were anadromous, and 23 fish were relocated in five different estuaries up to 47 km south of their tagging locations. Anadromous bull trout typically entered the Hoh River from May to July, ascended as far as 78 km upstream to spawning areas by September, and returned to the ocean to overwinter. This is the first study to verify that anadromy is a primary life history form in coastal bull trout. The presence of anadromy and the irregular periods of freshwater, estuarine, and marine residence observed in this study are consistent with observations reported for other Salvelinus species. These results also demonstrate that anadromous bull trout inhabit a diverse range of estuarine, freshwater, and marine habitats. Their affinity to e.
The Role of Vitamin D during Therapy in Chronic Hepatitis C Virus Infection and Its Relation to CYP 27 B1-1260 Promoter Polymorphism

Objective: vitamin D is a potent immunomodulator. A number of genetic polymorphisms in the vitamin D pathway have been shown to affect vitamin D signaling, and stratification according to such polymorphisms has already being implemented in randomized controlled clinical intervention studies. Aim of the work: the study was attempted to examine whether vitamin D improved viral response and predicted treatment outcome in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus (CHCV) infection. Patients and methods: ninety two patients with CHCV, whose age ranged between 20 and 56 years, were selected from the National Hepatology and Tropical Medicine Research Institute were included in this study, before and after the treatment with pegylated interferon (PEG-IFN), ribavirin (RBV) and vitamin D supplementation drops; 2000 IU/day, 10 drops/day, six patients whom received identical therapy without vitamin D were included to serve as controls. All the patients had body mass index (BMI) ≤ 30, were subjected to the following: history, clinical examination, abdominal ultrasonography and collection of blood samples for routine laboratory investigations. CBCs and analysis of the expression of CYP 27 B1-1260 gene, vitamin D receptor (VDR), and the levels of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D before and after chronic hepatitis C virus treatment. Results: the treatment group with vitamin D had BMI ≤ 30 and high viral load 90900004.00 IU/ML, (P= 0.098). Sixty three percent of treated patients were HCV RNA negative at 48 weeks after treatment (SVR). Baseline serum vitamin D level was 8.5 minimum, mean level (32.9 ± 27 ng/mL). It increased after 48 wk vit D treatment, to a mean level of (54.9 ± 38 ng/mL). VDR show highly significant difference between patients and controls as regarding Ff=55.4% for patients (P=0.01), and 66.7% ff for the controls (P=0.006) alleles. CYP27B1 show non significant relation between patients and controls, with CYP27B1 genotype frequencies of the promoter polymorphism CC = 51.1% for patients, 66.7% for the control group, C allele frequency 69% for the patients, 83.3% for the controls, AC 35.9% for the patients, 33.3% for the controls. The majority of cases had A1F1 and A1F2 biopsy results. Conclusion: our study suggests a role of vitamin D in the response to treatment of chronic HCV patients. However, serum concentration is not a suitable predictor of treatment outcome. VDR had a predictive positive treatment outcome. CYP27B1-1260 was found to be an independent predictor of sustained virologic response (SVR). Recommendations: The level of recommended supplementation of vitamin D depends on the patient’s individual deficiency, although 2000 IU daily is a common dose. Patients taking vitamin D supplements should have serum measurements made after starting therapy to determine whether they are reaching target levels.
Foraging and growth responses of cotton armyworm Spodoptera litura to the biophysical characteristics of five cotton varieties

This study investigated the morphological and biochemical characteristics of the CB1, CB3, CB5, CB8 and CB12 cotton varieties and evaluated their effects on third instar larval movement, and body weight of the cotton armyworm Spodoptera litura at different developmental stages. The cotton varieties differed in their plant architecture, branching, stem color and hairiness, leaf color and hairiness, leaf trichome density, flower color, numbers of leaves and bolls per plant, concentrations of protein and starch, and boll length, width and weight. The CB1 and CB3 varieties possessed significantly higher trichome densities, while CB8 produced larger and heavier bolls. Boll bearing was found to be highest in CB1 and lowest in CB8. Biochemical analyses indicated the highest percentage of protein in CB5, and of starch in CB8; concentrations of both were lowest in CB12. Cotton varieties did not affect larval foraging, but their abundance on leaflet, mature and square differed significantly. Analysis of the growth response parameters of S. litura as a result of feeding on the tested varieties revealed that larval instars, pupae and adult moths attained the highest body weight on CB8, followed by CB5, and the lowest weight on CB12. Collectively, the results of this study show that the CB5 and CB8 varieties are favorable host‐plants for cotton armyworms; therefore, these varieties are the least suitable for cultivation.
Heavy metals in sediments from River Ngada, Maiduguri Metropolis, Borno State, Nigeria

The objective of this research was to determine the degree of heavy metal contamination in River Ngada and the extent to which the sediment quality of the river had deteriorated. In this study, metals such as Cu, Zn, Co, Mn, Mg, Fe, Cr, Cd As, Ni and Pb in the sediments were determined using Perkin-Elmer Analyst 300 Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. The extent of sediment quality deterioration was observed in all the sampling points to be higher with respect to all the metals studied. The levels of the above metals increased with an increase in distance from point S1 to S8. The metals also increased with increasing sediment depth, indicating age-long accumulation of heavy metals from anthropogenic sources. The study revealed that the levels of all the metals studied were higher than the WHO’s standard sediment guideline limits. If this trend is allowed to continue unabated, it is most likely that the food web in this study environment might be at highest risk of induced heavy metal contamination. Key words: Heavy metals, sediments, deterioration, food web, pollution.
An educational intervention study of breast self examination (BSE) in 250 women beneficiaries of urban health centers of west Zone of Ahmedabad.

A Health Education (HE) Intervention study of BSE in 250 women beneficiaries attending the Urban Health Centers of Ahmedabad was done. Pre-test assessment revealed that awareness about various risk factors and screening methods of breast cancer was relatively inadequate. However, three months after the intervention, there was not only significant improvement of knowledge, but improvement in BSE practices was also observed amongst these women. The knowledge about increasing age, nulliparity, age at first pregnancy >30 years, age at menopause >50 years, family history of breast cancer, intake of oral contraceptive pills, obesity, lack of breast feeding, cancer in the second breast as risk factors of breast cancer had significantly increased by 37% to 68% in the postintervention test as compared to the baseline (pre-test). Similarly knowledge of BSE and Mammography as screening methods of breast cancer also increased by 74% and 64% women respectively in the post test. Compliance to the regular and correct BSE was observed in nearly 20% of all women after three months.