Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Chandra X-Ray Observations of NGC 4258: Iron Absorption Lines from the Nucleus

We report subarcsecond resolution X-ray imaging spectroscopy of the low-luminosity active galactic nucleus of NGC 4258 and its immediate surroundings with the Chandra X-Ray Observatory. NGC 4258 was observed four times, with the first two observations separated by 1 month, followed over a year later by two consecutive observations. The spectrum of the nucleus is well described by a heavily absorbed (NH ≃ 7 × 1022 cm-2, which did not change), hard X-ray power law of variable luminosity, plus a constant, thermal soft X-ray component. We do not detect an iron Kα emission line with the upper limit to the equivalent width of a narrow, neutral iron line ranging between 94 and 887 eV (90% confidence) for the different observations. During the second observation, on 2000 April 17, two narrow absorption features are seen with greater than 99.5% confidence at ≃6.4 and ≃6.9 keV, which we identify as resonant absorption lines of Fe XVIII-Fe XIX Kα and Fe XXVI Kα, respectively. In addition, the 6.9 keV absorption line is probably variable on a timescale of ~6000 s. The absorption lines are analyzed through a curve of growth analysis, which allows the relationship between ionic column and kinematic temperature or velocity dispersion to be obtained for the observed equivalent widths. We discuss the properties of the absorbing gas for both photo- and collisionally ionized models. Given that the maser disk is viewed at an inclination i = 82°, the gas responsible for the 6.9 keV absorption line may be in an inner disk or a disk-wind boundary layer, or may be thermal gas entrained at the base of the jet. The gas that gives rise to the photoelectric absorption may be the same as that which causes the 6.4 keV Fe Kα absorption provided that the gas has a bulk velocity dispersion of a few thousand km s-1. This is the first detection of iron X-ray absorption lines in an extragalactic source with a nearly edge-on accretion disk, and this phenomenon is likely to be related to similar X-ray absorption lines in Galactic X-ray binaries with nearly edge-on accretion disks.
Extracellular Synthesis of Eco-friendly Bio Silver Nanoparticles by using Seaweeds from Arabian Gulf, Saudi Arabia and their Potential Applicability for Pharmaceutical Uses

Currently, there is a growing need to develop environmentally benign nanoparticles synthesis processes that do not use toxic chemicals in the synthesis protocol. The present study reports an environmentally friendly method for synthesis of silver nanoparticles from two seaweeds named Cladophora nitellopsis and Sargassum latifllium . Ag-NPs bactericidal impact on Bacillus subtilis and Escherichia coli . Scanning and Transmission electron microscopy (SEM &TEM) were used to illustrate thesize and shape of the obtained Ag-NPs. Energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectrometer established the existence of elemental sign of the silver and homogenous allocation of silver nanoparticles. Diffraction by using X ray (XRD) analysis for the formed AgNPs revealed spherical plus cubical shapes structure with different planes ranged between 111 to 311 planes. Further, these Ag-nanoparticles show effective antibacterial activity against human pathogens, Bacillus subtilis and Escherichia coli due to high surface to volume ratio. Our work showed a rapid, eco-safety and suitable method for the synthesis of AgNPs by using Cladophora nitellopsis and Sargassum latifllium seaweeds. Therefore, they can be used in pharmaceutical and other biomedical applications.
Psychological and sexological assessment of patients with chronic prostatitis

Purpose: Chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CP/CPPS) is characterized by a multiform clinical presentation requiring a differentiated treatment based on different phenotypes including the psychosocial and sexual domains. The aim of this study was assessing the complex correlations between somatic, psychological, and sexual symptoms of CP/CPPS patients. Materials and methods: We performed a cross-sectional study on patients attending a Prostatitis Clinic. Patients were administered the following questionnaires: National Institutes of Health- Chronic Prostatitis Symptom Index (NIH-CPSI), International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS), International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF), Premature Ejaculation Diagnostic Tool (PEDT), Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-item (GAD-7), Oxford Happiness Questionnaire (OHQ), and Temperament Evaluation of Memphis, Pisa, Paris and San Diego Autoquestionnaire (TEMPS-A). Results: Linear regression analyses show highly significant correlations between scores of the NIH-CPSI and the scores of the GAD-7, PHQ-9 and OHQ psychometric questionnaires. IPSS scores correlate significantly with the psychometric scores only when a non-parametric analysis is performed. IIEF and PEDT sexual function scores did not correlate with any of the psychometric tests. NIH-CPSI scores correlate positively with most of the TEMPS-A profiles but the hyperthymic profile correlated negatively with the total and QoL NIH-CPSI and with PEDT scores. Conclusions: Scores measuring anxiety, depression, and psychological well-being in patients with CP/CPPS are strictly correlated with prostatitis-like symptoms although they are poorly correlated with symptoms of prostatism, as measured by IPSS, and not correlated with scores of sexual dysfunctions, as measured by IIEF and PEDT. A hyperthymic temperament may increase resilience against the disease.
Application of the Interbull genomic reliability method for single-step evaluations of test-day and conformation traits in German Holstein

National single-step genomic evaluation required accurate genomic reliabilities, particularly for young, genotyped animals. The Interbull genomic reliability method was tested for single-step evaluation of four test-day traits as well as for 25 conformation traits in German Holstein. Genotypic, phenotypic and pedigree data were taken from the official genomic evaluation in April 2023. More than 1.3 million genotyped animals were considered jointly with non-genotyped animals, and the genomic reference population exceeded half a million animals for the test-day traits. Selecting fewer SNP markers in reliability calculation for direct genomic values (DGV) was proven to be an efficient way of decreasing computing time or memory usage while retaining a reasonable accuracy when at least 15,000 equidistant SNP markers were chosen. Due to the extremely large reference population, the level of DGV reliabilities was very high, also for the young, genotyped candidates. Adjusting the theoretical DGV reliabilities based on the Interbull reliability method seemed to be unavoidable, especially for the large reference population. Variation in the DGV reliabilities was shown to be small among animals born in the same year, especially among the young, genotyped animals without own phenotypic records. Therefore, a constant genomic effective daughter contribution could result in reasonably accurate genomic reliability values and at the same time may provide a computationally much less demanding way for routine genomic reliability calculation with several million genotyped animals included. The single-step genomic reliability values were compared to conventional reliabilities as well as genomic reliabilities from the current multi-step genomic model for diverse groups of animals of German Holstein. The single-step genomic reliabilities of the test-day and conformation traits seemed to be consistent with the variance of genomic breeding values.
Comparative Study of Novel Variable Flux Reluctance Machines With Doubly Fed Doubly Salient Machines

This paper presents a comparative study between novel variable flux reluctance machines (VFRMs) and doubly-fed doubly salient machines (DFDSMs), having the same stator outer diameter and axial length. For comparison, a 6-pole stator is used in VFRMs and DFDSMs, while a 5-pole rotor is optimized for VFRMs and a 4-pole rotor for DFDSMs. Compared with DFDSMs in which the fluxlinkage and back-EMF are asymmetric particularly under heavy magnetic saturation, they become symmetrical and essentially sinusoidal in the VFRMs. Hence, the torque ripple in VFRMs can be significantly reduced. Further, due to the shorter flux path in the VFRMs, their average torque under the same copper loss can also be increased by 20% ~ 30% for the optimally designed VFRMs and DFDSMs within the same space envelop.
Lysosomes can fuse with a late endosomal compartment in a cell-free system from rat liver

The passage of pulse doses of asialoglycoproteins through the endosomal compartments of rat liver hepatocytes was studied by subcellular fractionation and EM. The kinetics of disappearance of radiolabeled asialofetuin from light endosomes prepared on Ficoll gradients were the same as the kinetics of disappearance of asialoorosomucoid-horse radish peroxidase reaction products from intracellular membrane-bound structures in the blood sinusoidal regions of hepatocytes. The light endosomes were therefore identifiable as being derived from the peripheral early endosome compartment. In contrast, the labeling of dense endosomes from the middle of the Ficoll gradient correlated with EM showing large numbers of reaction product-containing structures in the nonsinusoidal parts of the hepatocyte. In cell-free, postmitochondrial supernatants, we have previously observed that dense endosomes, but not light endosomes, interact with lysosomes. Cell-free interaction between isolated dense endosomes and lysosomes has now been reconstituted and analyzed in three ways: by transfer of radiolabeled ligand from endosomal to lysosomal densities, by a fluorescence dequenching assay which can indicate membrane fusion, and by measurement of content mixing. Maximum transfer of radiolabel to lysosomal densities required ATP and GTP plus cytosolic components, including N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor(s). Dense endosomes incubated in the absence of added lysosomes did not mature into vesicles of lysosomal density. Content mixing, and hence fusion, between endosomes and lysosomes was maximal in the presence of cytosol and ATP and also showed inhibition by N-ethyl-maleimide. Thus, we have demonstrated that a fusion step is involved in the transfer of radiolabeled ligand from an isolated endosome fraction derived from the nonsinusoidal regions of the hepatocyte to preexisting lysosomes in a cell-free system.
Antioxidant Activity, Mineral Absorptivity and Chemical Analysis of P. Graveolens

This article focuses on Pelargonium graveolens, a fragrant medicinal plant from the Geraniaceae family. The study examines the plant's phytochemical composition, antioxidant activity, and mineral absorptivity, with the plant being grown indoors. The study also examined the plant's ash content and antioxidant activity using a variety of techniques, and the results demonstrated that P. graveolens is effective at absorbing lead. The plant contains eight different minerals, including Cu, Mn, Co, Ni, Pb, Mg, Fe, and Ca. Statistical analysis was used to determine the level of antioxidants present, using DPPH, reducing power, and total antioxidant capacity methods. The extraction process used a mixture of water, 70% ethanol and absolute ethanol solvents in varying ratios. To conclude, the study examines Pelargonium graveolens, a fragrant medicinal plant, for its antioxidant activity and mineral absorptivity.
Evaluating the Potential of a Geospatial/Geostatistical Methodology for Locating Rain-Derived Infiltration and Inflow into Wastewater Treatment Systems in the Minneapolis/St. Paul Metropolitan Area, Minnesota, USA

A significant issue facing municipal wastewater treatment infrastructure (WWTI) is how to manage infiltration and inflow (I/I). I/I of rain and ground water permeate into WWTI after precipitation events, periods of groundwater table rise, and percolation from surrounding surface waters. This can create discharges above the infrastructure's flow capacity, increase costs for processing the wastewater and add undesired stress to aging wastewater networks. In an attempt to assess this problem cost and time inefficient approaches have commonly been applied. This study utilizes a new and more radical methodology to try and make WWTI management more efficient. This study applies ArcGIS and Geostatistical Analysis to seven counties within the Metropolitan Council Environmental Services (MCES) network in the Minneapolis/St. Paul metro area. Data is collected from rain gauges and flow meters an average ten-year flow record is created from this data. The data is then analyzed in ArcGIS through Kriging to interpolate and predict where significant rates of I/I, due to high magnitude precipitation events, are located throughout the study area. I/I rates for high magnitude precipitation events are estimated through the comparison of the max flow rate data and the ten-year average flow rate. A percentage of increase flow is then calculated. Results reveal spatial patterns indicating variable I/I susceptibility across the MCES WWTI. By collaborating with MCES it is possible to determine how accurately this methodology can locate areas of high-risk I/I potential within the existing WWTI.
Optimal power flow with stability constraints

The optimal power flow (OPF) problem aims to control the generation and consumption of generators and loads. The main objectives are to minimise the generation cost, power losses while maintaining stability of the generators in the network. The network used for analysis and testing of OPF with stability constraints is the ‘WSCC 9 bus 3 machine’ [1] network (refer to chapter 5). MATLAB is used to develop algorithms for three alternative simulations that all encompass the same fault and clearing time in order to compare the outcomes. The first simulation includes load flow analysis followed by the stability analysis, leading to an unstable outcome to the network. This is used as the reference point. The second simulation is of the OPF analysis, followed by a stability analysis and optimisation using the Nelder-Mead algorithm [2]. The stability constraints were not yet introduced, so the outcome is also unstable. However, when compared to the load flow (LF) simulation it demonstrates improved cost effectiveness - real power losses are reduced, power demand is met and the simulation is efficient. Finally, the optimal power flow with stability constraint (OPFSC) is analysed and compared with the OPF simulation without stability constraints. This proves to be a stable network but is more time consuming. The OPFSC simulation is the final simulation with the stability constraints included and illustrates the result of a stable network for the three generators. The main determinants for analysis in the simulation are the power demand, the power losses, network costing and time efficiency. The simulation time is reduced using various techniques that allow the algorithm to continue solving the problem without compromising the final result. Time to completion was initially 9.53 seconds. Following implementation of alternative techniques, this was introduced to 2.96 seconds. This improvement in time efficiency translates to a reduction in CPU processing requirements and stability maintenance.
Smews: Smart and Mobile Embedded Web Server

In this paper, we show that Web protocols and technologies are good candidates to design the Internet of Things, through a user-centric architecture (the user simply has to use a standard Web browser). We detail how this Web of Things can handle typical embedded devices interaction needs. We discuss the technical feasibility of embedded Web servers, and, thanks to an analysis of the Web protocols, we propose new cross-layer solutions for efficient tiny embedded Web servers design. The problem of event notification for Web applications is also discussed. We finally present a prototype -- named Smews -- as a proof of concept of the Web of Things. Smews implements our proposals and has been embedded in tiny devices (smart cards, sensors and other embedded devices), with a requirement of only 200 bytes of volatile memory and 7 kilo-bytes of code. We show that it is significantly faster than other state of the art solutions. We made Smews source code publically available under an open-source license.
A lightweight, industrially-validated instrument to measure user satisfaction and service quality experienced by the users of a UML modeling tool

The research community has delivered many comprehensive instruments to measure user satisfaction and service quality. However, they may be tedious to deploy in industrial settings, often leading to low response rates. Industrial organizations are thus looking for simpler and more cost effective ways to measure both user satisfaction and service quality. This paper presents and validates a lightweight 8-item instrument to measure the user satisfaction and the quality of service experienced by the users of a Unified Modeling Language tool. The instrument merges ease of use and service-related items. The analysis of the results of two surveys, conducted in a global high-tech corporation, indicates that the instrument has adequate reliability and validity. It is short, easy to use, and appropriate for both practical and research purposes. Future research is needed to validate the instrument in the context of other organizations and other classes of information systems.
A Review on Non-Newtonian Nanoﬂuid Applications for Convection in Cavities under Magnetic Field

: This review is about non-Newtonian nanoﬂuid applications for convection in cavities under a magnetic ﬁeld. Convection in cavities is an important topic in thermal energy system, and diverse applications exist in processes such as drying, chemical processing, electronic cooling, air conditioning, removal of contaminates, power generation and many others. Some problems occur in symmetrical phenomena, while they can be applicable to applied mathematics, physics and thermal engineering systems. First, brief information about nanoﬂuids and non-Newtonian ﬂuids is given. Then, non-Newtonian nanoﬂuids and aspects of rheology of non-Newtonian ﬂuids are presented. The thermal conductivity/viscosity of nanoﬂuids and hybrid nanoﬂuids are discussed. Applications of non-Newtonian nanoﬂuids with magnetohydrodynamic effects are given. Different applications of various vented cavities are discussed under combined effects of using nanoﬂuid and magnetic ﬁeld for Newtonian and non-Newtonian nanoﬂuids. The gap in the present literature and future trends are discussed. The results summarized here will be beneﬁcial for efﬁcient design and thermal optimization of vented cavity systems used in diverse energy system applications.
Artiﬁcial Intelligence in Predicting Mechanical Properties of Composite Materials

: The determination of mechanical properties plays a crucial role in utilizing composite materials across multiple engineering disciplines. Recently, there has been substantial interest in employing artiﬁcial intelligence, particularly machine learning and deep learning, to accurately predict the mechanical properties of composite materials. This comprehensive review paper examines the applications of artiﬁcial intelligence in forecasting the mechanical properties of different types of composites. The review begins with an overview of artiﬁcial intelligence and then outlines the process of predicting material properties. The primary focus of this review lies in exploring various machine learning and deep learning techniques employed in predicting the mechanical properties of composites. Furthermore, the review highlights the theoretical foundations, strengths, and weaknesses of each method used for predicting different mechanical properties of composites. Finally, based on the ﬁndings, the review discusses key challenges and suggests future research directions in the ﬁeld of material properties prediction, offering valuable insights for further exploration. This review is intended to serve as a signiﬁcant reference for researchers engaging in future studies within this domain.
L ISTENER -O RIENTED C ONSEQUENCES OF P REDICTABILITY -B ASED A COUSTIC A DJUSTMENT

: This paper investigated whether predictability-based adjustments in production have listener-oriented consequences in perception. By manipulating the acoustic features of a target syllable in different predictability contexts in German, we tested 40 listeners’ perceptual preference for the manipulation. Four source words underwent acoustic modifications on the target syllable. Our results revealed a general preference for the original (unmodified) version over the modified one. However, listeners generally favored the unmodified version more when the source word had a higher predictable context compared to a less predictable one. The re-sults showed that predictability-based adjustments have perceptual consequences and that listeners have predictability-based expectations in perception.
Adaptive control of systems with fast varying unknown delay in measurements

An adaptive output feedback controller with a fast varying unknown delay in the measurements is considered. Sufficient conditions for the resulting closed-loop system to be asymptotically stable with respect to state variables within some domain of attraction are derived. It is shown that the adaptive gain tends to a constant value. The proof is based on Passification lemma and a Lyapunov-Krasovskii method. The result is applicable to systems with polytopic-type uncertainties. Advantages of the adaptive control over the static output feedback are demonstrated on a pitch angle control of a flying vehicle.
Enhancing Nervous System Recovery through Neurobiologics, Neural Interface Training, and Neurorehabilitation

After an initial period of recovery, human neurological injury has long been thought to be static. In order to improve quality of life for those suffering from stroke, spinal cord injury, or traumatic brain injury, researchers have been working to restore the nervous system and reduce neurological deficits through a number of mechanisms. For example, neurobiologists have been identifying and manipulating components of the intra- and extracellular milieu to alter the regenerative potential of neurons, neuro-engineers have been producing brain-machine and neural interfaces that circumvent lesions to restore functionality, and neurorehabilitation experts have been developing new ways to revitalize the nervous system even in chronic disease. While each of these areas holds promise, their individual paths to clinical relevance remain difficult. Nonetheless, these methods are now able to synergistically enhance recovery of native motor function to levels which were previously believed to be impossible. Furthermore, such recovery can even persist after training, and for the first time there is evidence of functional axonal regrowth and rewiring in the central nervous system of animal models. To attain this type of regeneration, rehabilitation paradigms that pair cortically-based intent with activation of affected circuits and positive neurofeedback appear to be required—a phenomenon which raises new and far reaching questions about the underlying relationship between conscious action and neural repair. For this reason, we argue that multi-modal therapy will be necessary to facilitate a truly robust recovery, and that the success of investigational microscopic techniques may depend on their integration into macroscopic frameworks that include task-based neurorehabilitation. We further identify critical components of future neural repair strategies and explore the most updated knowledge, progress, and challenges in the fields of cellular neuronal repair, neural interfacing, and neurorehabilitation, all with the goal of better understanding neurological injury and how to improve recovery.