Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The influence of hospitalization or intensive care unit admission on declines in health-related quality of life.

RATIONALE Survivors of critical illness report impaired health-related quality of life (HRQoL) after hospital discharge, but the degree to which these impairments are attributable to critical illness is unknown. OBJECTIVES We sought to examine changes in HRQoL associated with an intensive care unit (ICU) stay and the differential association of type of hospitalization (critical illness versus noncritical illness) on changes in HRQoL. METHODS We identified 11,243 participants in the Ambulatory Care Quality Improvement Project (a multicenter randomized trial of Veterans conducted March 1997 to August 2000) completing at least two Medical Outcomes Study Short-Form 36 questionnaires over 2 years, and categorized patients by hospitalization status during the interval between measures. We used multiple linear regression with generalized estimating equations for analysis. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Our primary outcome was change in the Physical Component Summary score. Participants requiring hospitalization or ICU admission had significantly worse baseline HRQoL than those not hospitalized (P < 0.001). Compared with patients who were not hospitalized, follow-up Physical Component Summary scores were lower among non-ICU hospitalized patients and ICU patients (adjusted β-coefficient = -1.40 [95% confidence interval, -1.81, -0.99] and adjusted β-coefficient = -1.53 [95% confidence interval, -2.11, -0.95], respectively), with no difference between the two groups (P value = 0.80). Similar results were seen for the Mental Component Summary score and each of the Medical Outcomes Study Short-Form 36 subdomains. CONCLUSIONS Prehospital HRQoL is a significant determinant of HRQoL after hospitalization or ICU admission. Hospitalization is associated with increased risk of impairment in HRQoL after discharge, yet the overall magnitude of this reduction is small and similar between non-ICU hospitalized and critically ill patients.
A 1.9mW Portable ADPLL-based Frequency Synthesizer for High Speed Clock Generation

An ADPLL-based frequency synthesizer has been designed and implemented with TSMC 130nm technology model. The cores of it are digital controlled oscillator (DCO) and phase frequency detector (PFD). A modified digitally controlled delay element (DCDE) with characteristics of its monotonicity and insensitivity to PVT variations is presented for the DCO design. A new PFD architecture that can finish phase and frequency comparison and adjustment in one reference cycle is presented. This frequency synthesizer can operate from 300MHz to 1GHz, and achieve frequency acquisition in fifteen reference clock cycles (worst case scenario). The peak-to-peak jitter of the output clock is less than 120ps at 300MHz. Furthermore, the design has been ported to TSMC 100nm process as a reusable IP block verification. The total power dissipation of the ADPLL-based frequency synthesizer is 1.9mW (TSMC 100nm technology) at 1GHz with a 1.2V power supply. With such specifications, it is suitable for high speed clock generation in system-on-a-chip (SoC) applications
Peer influence in NIPF landowner decision making in the Western Upper Peninsula, Michigan

viii Chapter 1: Introduction 1 Importance of NIPF Research 1 Research Questions 3 Chapter 2: Literature Review 5 NIPF Literature 5 Policies and Programs for Private Forest Owners 7 Commercial Forest Program 8 Qualified Forest Property 8 Forest Legacy Program 9 Environmental Quality Incentives Program 10 Wildlife Habitat Incentives Program 10 Conservation Stewardship Program 11 Forest Stewardship Program 11 Focus of this Project 12 Chapter 3: Research Design and Methods 13 Sample Selection 13 Interviewing Methods 14 Data Analysis 17
Investigation on the visible emission properties of Tm: Y2O3 transparent ceramic

With the purpose of investigation on the visible emission properties of Tm<sup>3+</sup> ions, a Tm<sup>3+</sup>-doped Y<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> transparent ceramic was fabricated by sintering at 1800 °C for 20 hour with a vacuum degree of 1x10<sup>-3</sup> Pa. 3 at% ZrO<sub>2</sub> was introduced as the sintering aid and the average grain size was measured to be 22 μm. The optical transmittance of the ceramic achieved 76.3 % at 1 μm. The PL spectra at room temperature and low temperature were measured under 361 nm excitation. The ~453 nm emission bands were observed and the luminescence mechanisms were discussed. It was found that the Tm: Y<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> transparent ceramic have the potential to be used in white LED packaging structure.
Rapid seven-hour fecal coliform test

A rapid 7-h fecal coliform (FC) test for the detection of FC in water has been developed. This membrane filter test utilizes a lightly buffered lactose-based medium (m-7-h FC medium) combined with a sensitive pH indicator system. FC colonies appeared yellow against a light purple background after incubation at 41.5 degrees C for 7 to 7.25 h. Comparison of FC test results showed that the mean verified FC count ratio (7-h FC count/24-h FC count) for surface water samples was 1.08. The mean FC count ratio (7-h FC count/24-h FC count) for unchlorinater wastewater ranged from 1.95 to 5.05. Verification of yellow FC colonies from m-7-h FC medium averaged 97%. Data from field tests on Lake Michigan bathing beach water samples showed that unverified 7-h FC counts averaged 96% of the 24-h FC counts. The 7-h FC test was found to be suitable for the examination of surface waters and unchlorinated sewage and could serve as an emergency test for detection of sewage or fecal contamination of potable water.
A comparison of software and hardware techniques for x86 virtualization

Until recently, the x86 architecture has not permitted classical trap-and-emulate virtualization. Virtual Machine Monitors for x86, such as VMware ® Workstation and Virtual PC, have instead used binary translation of the guest kernel code. However, both Intel and AMD have now introduced architectural extensions to support classical virtualization.We compare an existing software VMM with a new VMM designed for the emerging hardware support. Surprisingly, the hardware VMM often suffers lower performance than the pure software VMM. To determine why, we study architecture-level events such as page table updates, context switches and I/O, and find their costs vastly different among native, software VMM and hardware VMM execution.We find that the hardware support fails to provide an unambiguous performance advantage for two primary reasons: first, it offers no support for MMU virtualization; second, it fails to co-exist with existing software techniques for MMU virtualization. We look ahead to emerging techniques for addressing this MMU virtualization problem in the context of hardware-assisted virtualization.
The discovery of growth hormone-releasing hormone.

DR. EDWIN B. ASTWOOD was a visionary in modern endocrinology.The Biographical Memoir by Roy Greep and Monte Greer ended ‘‘Inaddition to his speciﬁc research contributions, Dr. Edwin B. Astwoodsucceeded to an extent achieved by few in spanning the broad areabetween Natural Sciences and clinical medicine. ’’ To me, this is thehighest calling in endocrinology.The late 1960s and early 1970s were marked by the incredibleachievements of two groups, those of Drs. Andrew Schally andRoger Guillemin, who isolated, characterized, and sequenced thehypothalamic regulatory hormones. The ﬁrst hypothalamic regula-tory hormone to be sequenced was TRH (a tripeptide), the secondwas gonadotropin-releasing hormone (a decapeptide), and the thirdwas somatostatin with 14 amino acids. The existence of the GHRHhad been suggested in the early 1960s by some classical experi-ments by Reichlin (1); he made lesions in the hypothalamus anddemonstrated that the content of GH in the pituitary declined.Based on these data, he suggested that there must be a GHRH inthe hypothalamus.I did my medical training in London, England, with my endo-crine training under Prof. G. Michael Besser. One of the mostenjoyable conferences we attended on a regular basis was thepresentation of clinical cases at the Royal Society of Medicine.Etched in my mind was the fact that every time a patient withacromegaly was presented, Prof. Peter Sonksen would askwhether or not the patient had any evidence of a carcinoidtumor. The perception in the audience was ‘‘Why is this manalways asking this question? ’’ because such cases probably donot exist or, if so, very rarely! In 1977, I moved from St. Bartholomew’s Hospital (London,England) to the University of Virginia. My main interest at that timewas PRL-secreting pituitary tumors and their medical treatment.In October 1980, a 21-yr-old patient was referred to me byDr. Ann Johanson. This patient had amenorrhea and galactorrheawhile taking an oral contraceptive for gonadal steroid replacement.She had gonadal agenesis from Turner’s syndrome.Her evaluation revealed an enlarged pituitary fossa on skullx-ray, a pituitary mass with modest suprasellar extension on com-puted tomography scan, and an elevated serum PRL of 68 lg⁄L.Her elevated serum GH of 95 lg⁄L did not suppress with oral glu-cose, increased with TRH, and suppressed with a dopamine infusion.Her serum insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I level was elevated at11 U⁄mL (normal, 0.41–2.2 U⁄mL). Based on these results, the diagnosis of acromegaly was clear. Itis of interest that the patient’s height was 5¢3¢¢, which is very tallfor a patient with Turner’s syndrome. In this regard, it was fortu-nate that sera had been saved from the previous 7 yr. Her serumGH concentrations had been elevated throughout that time period(Table 1). The patient was referred for transsphenoidal surgery, which wasperformed on January 15, 1981. Seven weeks postoperatively, shewas shown to still have acromegaly; serum GH was 52 lg⁄L, andIGF-I was still elevated at 7.7 U⁄mL.
A 128 $\times$  128 Single-Photon Image Sensor With Column-Level 10-Bit Time-to-Digital Converter Array

An imager for time-resolved optical sensing was fabricated in CMOS technology. The sensor comprises an array of 128times128 single-photon pixels, a bank of 32 time-to-digital-converters, and a 7.68 Gbps readout system. Thanks to the outstanding timing precision of single-photon avalanche diodes and the optimized measurement circuitry, a typical resolution of 97 ps was achieved within a range of 100 ns. To the best of our knowledge, this imager is the first fully integrated system for photon time-of-arrival evaluation. Applications include 3-D imaging, optical rangefinding, fast fluorescence lifetime imaging, imaging of extremely fast phenomena, and, more generally, imaging based on time-correlated single photon counting. When operated as an optical rangefinder, this design has enabled us to reconstruct 3-D scenes with milimetric precisions in extremely low signal exposure. A laser source was used to illuminate the scene up to 3.75 m with an average power of 1 mW, a field-of-view of 5deg and under 150 lux of constant background light. Accurate distance measurements were repeatedly achieved based on a short integration time of 50 ms even when signal photon count rates as low as a few hundred photons per second were available.
Phenotypic characterization of 10 methanol oxidation mutant classes in Methylobacterium sp. strain AM1

Twenty-five methanol oxidation mutants of the facultative methylotroph Methylobacterium sp. strain AM1 have been characterized by complementation analysis and assigned to 10 complementation groups, Mox A1, A2, A3, and B through H (D. N. Nunn and M. E. Lidstrom, J. Bacteriol. 166:582-591, 1986). In this study we have characterized each of the mutants belonging to the 10 Mox complementation groups for the following criteria: phenazine methosulfate-dichlorophenolindophenol dye-linked methanol dehydrogenase activity; methanol-dependent whole-cell oxygen consumption; the presence or absence of methanol dehydrogenase protein by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and Western blotting; the absorption spectra of purified mutant methanol dehydrogenase proteins; and the presence or absence of the soluble cytochrome c proteins of Methylobacterium sp. strain AM1, as determined by reduced-oxidized difference spectra and sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. With this information, we have proposed functions for each of the genes deficient in the mutants of the 10 Mox complementation groups. These proposed gene functions include two linked genes that encode the methanol dehydrogenase structural protein and the soluble cytochrome cL, a gene encoding a secretion function essential for the synthesis and export of methanol dehydrogenase and cytochrome cL, three gene functions responsible for the proper association of the pyrrolo-quinoline quinone prosthetic group with the methanol dehydrogenase apoprotein, and four positive regulatory gene functions controlling the expression of the ability to oxidize methanol.
Role recognition in multiparty recordings using social affiliation networks and discrete distributions

This paper presents an approach for the recognition of roles in multiparty recordings. The approach includes two major stages: extraction of Social Affiliation Networks (speaker diarization and representation of people in terms of their social interactions), and role recognition (application of discrete probability distributions to map people into roles). The experiments are performed over several corpora, including broadcast data and meeting recordings, for a total of roughly 90 hours of material. The results are satisfactory for the broadcast data (around 80 percent of the data time correctly labeled in terms of role), while they still must be improved in the case of the meeting recordings (around 45 percent of the data time correctly labeled). In both cases, the approach outperforms significantly chance.
Topic Model Based Multi-Label Classification from the Crowd

Multi-label classification is a common supervised machine learning problem where each instance is associated with multiple classes. The key challenge in this problem is learning the correlations between the classes. An additional challenge arises when the labels of the training instances are provided by noisy, heterogeneous crowdworkers with unknown qualities. We first assume labels from a perfect source and propose a novel topic model where the present as well as the absent classes generate the latent topics and hence the words. We non-trivially extend our topic model to the scenario where the labels are provided by noisy crowdworkers. Extensive experimentation on real world datasets reveals the superior performance of the proposed model. The proposed model learns the qualities of the annotators as well, even with minimal training data.
Concordance and the Smallest Covering Set of Preference Orderings

Preference orderings are orderings of a set of items according to the preferences (of judges). Such orderings arise in a variety of domains, including group decision making, consumer marketing, voting and machine learning. Measuring the mutual information and extracting the common patterns in a set of preference orderings are key to these areas. In this paper we deal with the representation of sets of preference orderings, the quantification of the degree to which judges agree on their ordering of the items (i.e. the concordance), and the efficient, meaningful description of such sets. We propose to represent the orderings in a subsequence-based feature space and present a new algorithm to calculate the size of the set of all common subsequences - the basis of a quantification of concordance, not only for pairs of orderings but also for sets of orderings. The new algorithm is fast and storage efficient with a time complexity of only $O(Nn^2)$ for the orderings of $n$ items by $N$ judges and a space complexity of only $O(\min\{Nn,n^2\})$. Also, we propose to represent the set of all $N$ orderings through a smallest set of covering preferences and present an algorithm to construct this smallest covering set. The source code for the algorithms is available at this https URL
PLGA-PLL-PEG-Tf-based targeted nanoparticles drug delivery system enhance antitumor efficacy via intrinsic apoptosis pathway

Chemotherapy offers a systemic cancer treatment; however, it is limited in clinical administration due to its serious side effects. In cancer medicine, the use of nanoparticles (NPs) drug delivery system (DDS) can sustainedly release anticancer drug at the specific site and reduce the incidence of toxicity in normal tissues. In the present study, we aimed to evaluate the benefit of a novel chemotherapeutic DDS and its underlying mechanisms. Daunorubicin (DNR) was loaded into poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA)-poly-l-lysine (PLL)-polyethylene glycol (PEG)-transferrin (Tf) NPs to construct DNR-PLGA-PLL-PEG-Tf-NPs (DNR-loaded NPs) as a DDS. After incubating with PLGA-PLL-PEG-Tf-NPs, DNR, and DNR-loaded NPs, the leukemia K562 cells were collected and the intracellular concentration of DNR was detected by flow cytometry, respectively. Furthermore, the effect of drugs on the growth of tumors in K562 xenografts was observed and the relevant toxicity of therapeutic drugs on organs was investigated in vivo. Meanwhile, cell apoptosis in the excised xenografts was measured by transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling assay, and the expression of apoptosis-related proteins, including Bcl-2, Bax, Caspase-9, Caspase-3, and cleaved-PARP, was determined by Western blotting analysis. Results showed that DNR-loaded NPs increased intracellular concentration of DNR in K562 cells in vitro and induced a remarkable improvement in anticancer activity in the xenografts in vivo. The expression of Bcl-2 protein was downregulated and that of Bax, Caspase-9, Caspase-3, and cleaved-PARP proteins were obviously upregulated in the DNR-loaded NPs group than that in other ones. Interestingly, pathological assessment showed no apparent damage to the main organs. In summary, the results obtained from this study showed that the novel NPs DDS could improve the efficacy of DNR in the treatment of leukemia and induce apoptosis via intrinsic pathway. Thus, it can be inferred that the new drug delivery may be a useful clinical tool.
Systematic review of strategies to increase men's HIV-testing in sub-Saharan Africa

Objective:This systematic review summarizes evidence on the effectiveness of strategies to increase men's HIV-testing in sub-Saharan Africa. Methods:Medline, EmBase, Africa-Wide Information and Global Health were searched. Cluster and individually randomized trials evaluating interventions to increase the proportion of adults (≥15 years) testing for HIV were eligible if they were conducted in sub-Saharan Africa, included men in the study population, and reported HIV-testing data by sex. References were independently screened. Results:Of the 1852 references, 15 papers including 16 trials were eligible. Trials were judged too heterogeneous to combine in meta-analysis. Three interventions invited men to attend antenatal care-based HIV-testing via pregnant partners, of which two showed a significant effect on partner-testing. One intervention invited men to HIV-test through pregnant partners and showed an increase in HIV-testing when it was offered in bars compared with health facilities. A trial of notification to partners of newly diagnosed HIV-positive patients showed an increase in testing where notification was by healthcare providers compared with notification by the patient. Three interventions reached men already at health facilities and eight reported the effects of community-based HIV-testing. Mobile-testing had a significant effect on HIV-testing compared with standard voluntary counselling and testing. Home-based testing also had a significant effect, but reached smaller numbers of men than mobile-testing. Discussion:Interventions to encourage HIV-testing can increase men's levels of HIV-testing. Community-based programmes in particular had a large effect on population levels of HIV-testing. More data on costs and potential population impact of these approaches over different time-horizons would aid policy-makers in planning resource allocation to increase male HIV-testing.
Production of recombinant human tektin 1, 2, and 4 and in vitro assembly of human tektin 1

Proteins predicted to be composed of large stretches of coiled‐coil structure have often proven difficult to crystallize for structural determination. We have successfully applied EPR spectroscopic techniques to the study of the structure and assembly of full‐length human vimentin assembled into native 11 nm filaments, in physiologic solution, circumventing the limitations of crystallizing shorter peptide sequences. Tektins are a small family of highly alpha helical filamentous proteins found in the doublet microtubules of cilia and related structures. Tektins exhibit several similarities to intermediate filaments (IFs): moderate molecular weight, highly alpha helical, hypothesized to be coiled‐coil, and homo‐ and heteromeric assembly into long smooth filaments. In this report, we show the application of IF research methodologies to the study of tektin structure and assembly. To begin in vitro studies, expression constructs for human tektins 1, 2, and 4 were synthesized. Recombinant tektins were produced in E. coli and purified by chromatography. Preparations of tektin 1 successfully formed filaments. The recombinant human tektin 1 was used to produce antibodies which recognized an antigen in mouse testes, most likely present in sperm flagella. Finally, we report the creation of seven mutants to analyze predictions of coiled‐coil structure in the rod 1A domain of tektin 1. Although this region is predicted to be coiled‐coil, our EPR analysis does not reflect the parallel, in register, coiled‐coil structure as demonstrated in vimentin and kinesin. These results document that tektin can be successfully expressed and assembled in vitro, and that SDSL EPR techniques can be used for structural analysis.
The emerging role of large eddy simulation in industrial practice: challenges and opportunities

That class of methods for treating turbulence gathered under the banner of large eddy simulation is poised to enter mainstream engineering practice. There is a growing body of evidence that such methods offer a significant stretch in industrial capability over solely Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS)-based modelling. A key enabling development will be the adaptation of innovative processor architectures, resulting from the huge investment in the gaming industry, to engineering analysis. This promises to reduce the computational burden to practicable levels. However, there are many lessons to be learned from the history of the past three decades. These lessons should be analysed in order to inform, if not modulate, the unfolding of this next cycle in the development of industrial modelling capability. This provides the theme for this paper, which is written very much from the standpoint of the informed practitioner rather than the innovator; someone with a strong motivation to improve significantly the competence with which industrial turbulent flows are treated. It is asserted that the reliable deployment of the methodology in the industrial context will prove to be a knowledge-based discipline, as was the case with RANS-based modelling, if not more so. The community at large should collectively make great efforts to put in place that knowledge base from which best practice advice can be derived at the very start of this cycle of advancement and continue to enrich it as the cycle progresses.