Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
ACCIDENT ANALYSIS OF HIGHWAY NARROW BRIDGE SITES

Information on traffic accidents at bridge sites suggests a potential safety problem and the need for more detailed data on the problem. In the early 1970's, bridge-related accidents in the States of Virginia and Kentucky, for example, not only constituted a high percentage of all accidents, but also accounted for a disproportionate number of fatalities and injuries. Bridge-related accidents were found to be approximately twice as likely to result in fatality as a typical accident. A research study sponsored by the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) examined the extent and nature of the narrow bridge accident problem. This article presents selected major findings and recommendations from this study.
Planning and Installing Photovoltaic Systems : A Guide for Installers, Architects and Engineers

Foreword 1. Photovoltaic Basics 2. PV Modules and Other Components of Grid-Connected Systems 3. Site Surveys and Shading Analysis 4. Planning and Sizing Grid-Connected Photovoltaic Systems 5. System Sizing, Design and Simulation Software 6. Mounting Systems and Building Integration 7. Installing, Commissioning and Operating Grid-Connected Photovoltaic Systems 8. Stand-alone Photovoltaic Systems 9. Economics and Environmental Issues 10. Marketing and Promotion Bibliography. Index.
Orthodontic treatment effect on gingival recessions

Background The occurrence of gingival recessions (GR) after orthodontic treatment (OT) is well described in the literature. However, there is a lack of information about changes to pre-existing GR during OT. Methods The aim of this retrospective study was to examine the change of GR before and after OT. Intraoral photographs of 993 patients treated with fixed appliances between 2005 and 2017 were evaluated. Patients who had at least one GR on the vestibular surface of maxillary/mandibular teeth mesial to first molars were included. GR was measured on good quality plaster models before and after OT. The change of GR (T0-T1) was categorised into the three groups: worsened, did not change and improved (this group consisted of GR, which became better but did not disappear, and fully healed, which disappeared after OT)). The change by ≥0.5 mm was recorded. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS Statistics (Version 22.0. Armonk, NY). Results Fifty-one (5.1%) patient had ≥1 GR before OT. Of them, 37 (72.5%) patients were included in the final analysis according to the inclusion criteria. GR before OT was found on 114 buccal/labial surfaces. The mean GR improvement was 0.51 (95% CI: 0.40, 0.63) mm (p<0.001). GR improved in 71 teeth (62.3%), did not change in 37 (32.4%), and worsened in 6 (5.3%). Of the 71 GR, which improved, full healing was observed in 15 (21.1%) teeth. GR had a greater chance of improvement in cases with a thick/normal gingival biotype compared with the thin biotype (OR 2.4; 95% CI: 1.07; 5.28) (p=0.03). There was a lower chance for GR improvement in cases with pre-treatment open bite (OR 3.29; 95% CI: 1.10; 9.81) (p=0.03) and Class III patients (OR 2.79; 95% CI: 1.14; 6.83) (p=0.03). Conclusions Based on the results of this retrospective study, we conclude that orthodontic treatment may change and even influence the healing of GR.
PAVEMENT MARKINGS AND DELINEATION FOR OLDER DRIVERS. VOLUME I: FINAL REPORT

The objectives of this project were: (1) to identify the needs of older drivers and to evaluate the situations in which older driver performance might be improved through enhanced pavement markings and delineation; (2) to identify the range of potentially useful enhanced treatments; (3) to determine the effectiveness of those treatments judged to be most useful for the older driver; and (4) to assess the costs and benefits of the treatment shown to be most effective. Following a literature review to identify older driver deficiencies, 25 delineation/pavement marking treatments (including several "control" treatments) were identified for testing. A laboratory simulator study was used as a means to determine the most effective among the group. The treatments shown to produce better recognition distance, along with several control treatments, were then subjected to field testing. The field tests were conducted on a closed test track facility, and recognition distance and visual occlusion time were used as dependent measures. Of the 66 subjects who participated in the field study, half were over 65 years of age and half were 45 years of age or less. All subjects were involved in both types of measures. Following the field test performance assessment, the treatments were subjected to a cost benefit analysis and recommendations were made regarding the treatments that could benefit older drivers.
Sport and leisure : results from the sport and leisure module of the 2002 General Household Survey

This report presents findings from the sport and leisure module of the General Household Survey 2002/2003 (GHS). The GHS is a continuous survey based on a sample of the general population resident in private households in Great Britain. It is carried out by the Office for National Statistics on behalf of a number of government departments. The study, carried out as part of the GHS, updates information collected in 1987, 1990, 1993 and 1996. It asked people aged 16 and over about their participation in a wide range of sport and leisure activities. It also included, for the first time in 2002, questions about volunteering in sports and the arts. The module was commissioned by the Department for Culture, Media and Sports, Sport England, UK Sport and Arts Council England to provide a measure of the effectiveness of campaigns encouraging people to take more exercise and to help monitor the growth or decline of particular sports and leisure activities.
Reproductive Injustice:

In 2014, the Center for Reproductive Rights, SisterSong Women of Color Reproductive Justice Collective, and the National Latina Institute for Reproductive Health released a co-authored report titled “Reproductive Injustice: Racial and Gender Discrimination in U.S. Healthcare,” hereafter “Reproductive Injustice. ” In “Reproductive Injustice,” the organizations evaluate trends in the US federal system concerning racial and gender discrimination in sexual and reproductive healthcare. The organizations presented “Reproductive Injustice” to the United Nations, or UN, to review US compliance with the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination, a UN treaty that obligates participating nations to commit to eliminating racial discrimination. The authors of “Reproductive Injustice” argue that the US had not met its treaty obligations as evidenced by racial disparities in maternal mortality rates and legal barriers to healthcare coverage and access for non-citizen women.
Information systems in organisations

This research explores two separate but related lines of enquiry - the business value of individual applications and the social and organisational impact of information systems. From this research it is clear that information systems have immense potential to change organisations. The conventional view focuses on the value that organisations can obtain through greater efficiency or new activities made possible by specific applications. But experience suggests that many organisations fail to gain the value expected. This research was started with the aim of attaining a greater understanding of the business value that information systems could offer organisations and finding ways by which organisations could assess and realise this value. The research has adopted a variety of methodological approaches and this integrating paper assesses the choices made and locates the papersin relation to the literature on information systems research methodology. The nine research papers taken together demonstrate that is business value is a complex concept and difficult to measure in practice. The research finds that the business and organisational environments are key factors in achieving the business value to be reaped from the range of benefits that each type of IS application offers. The research also demonstrates why IS evaluation practice continues to pose problems for researchers and practitioners. This integrating paper situates the work within the relevant literature on information systems research, assesses the contribution of the research papers to information systems research and concludes with a discussion of future research that flows from this work.
The Innovation War

1. The Foundations of Industrial Research and Development. Edison, The Founding Father. Do-it-yourselfers, Inventors and Scientists. A Few Definitions. 2. On the History of Industrial R&D. Prior to World War I. Between the Wars. After World War II. 3. Too Much R&D? - An Exploration. Electronics and Competition. Thirty Industrial Giants. 4. The Growth of R&D and the Acceleration Trap. Technology and the Product Life Cycle. Shorter Product Life Cycles. On the Emergence of Shorter Product Life Cycles. Strategies of Technology Leaders and Followers. On the Significance of Shorter Product Life Cycles. The Acceleration Trap. Concluding Remarks. 5. Implications of the Acceleration Trap. The Acceleration Trap and Business Risk. The Acceleration Trap and Value Added. The Acceleration Trap and Market Dynamics. The Acceleration Trap and Manufacturer Responsibility. Closing Comments. 6. The R&D Spiral. Securing the Future. Driven by Competitors. R&D and Arms Escalation - A Parallel. 7. Conclusions. Hypotheses. Ending the R&D Escalation. Recommendations. Bibliography. Index.
SUPERELEVATION DISTRIBUTION METHODS AND TRANSITION DESIGNS

This report evaluates and recommends revisions to the horizontal curve guidance presented in the 1994 American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) publication, "A Policy on Geometric Design of Highways and Streets. " The two principal design elements evaluated were the use of superelevation and the transition from a tangent to a curve, though all elements of a curve were considered in the analysis. Geometric designers will gain a greater understanding of the physics involved in negotiating a curve and the procedures for designing them by reading this report.
The boundaryless organization : breaking the chains of organizational structure

A New World Order: Rising to the Challenge of New Success Factors. Stepping up to the Line: How Boundaryless is Your Organization? FREE MOVEMENT UP AND DOWN: CROSSING VERTICAL BOUNDARIES. Toward a Healthy Hierarchy. Stepping Up to the Line: How Healthy is Your Organization's Hierarchy? Rewiring and Returning the Hierarchy. FREE MOVEMENT SIDE TO SIDE: CROSSING HORIZONTAL BOUNDARIES. Beyond Turf and Territory. Stepping up to the Line: How Congruent are Your Organization's Horizontal Boundaries? Integrating Resources to Serve the Customer. FREE MOVEMENT ALONG THE VALUE CHAIN: CROSSING EXTERNAL BOUNDARIES. Toward Partnership with Customers and Suppliers. Stepping Up to the Line: How Well Linked is Your Organization's Value Chain? Strengthening the Value Chain. FREE GLOBAL MOVEMENT: CROSSING GEOGRAPHIC BOUNDARIES. Toward the Global Corporation. Stepping up to the Line: How Far Along the Path to Globalization is Your Organization? Actions for Global Learners, Launchers, and Leaders. CONCLUSION. Making it Happen: Leading Toward the Boundaryless Organisation. Stepping up to the Line: Are You a Boundaryless Leader?
Guide to radiological accident considerations for siting and design of DOE nonreactor nuclear facilities

This guide was prepared to provide the experienced safety analyst with accident analysis guidance in greater detail than is possible in Department of Energy (DOE) Orders. The guide addresses analysis of postulated serious accidents considered in the siting and selection of major design features of DOE nuclear facilities. Its scope has been limited to radiological accidents at nonreactor nuclear facilities. The analysis steps addressed in the guide lead to evaluation of radiological dose to exposed persons for comparison with siting guideline doses. Other possible consequences considered are environmental contamination, population dose, and public health effects. Choices of models and parameters leading to estimation of source terms, release fractions, reduction and removal factors, dispersion and dose factors are discussed. Although requirements for risk analysis have not been established, risk estimates are finding increased use in siting of major nuclear facilities, and are discussed in the guide. 3 figs., 9 tabs.
Police use of) force

The use of force is perhaps one of the most central and contentious aspects of state policing. Famously, Bittner (1999: 125) defined the police as ‘nothing more than a mechanism for the distribution of situationally justified force in society. ’ While in general terms the potential need for officers to resort to physical force is widely taken for granted, the legitimacy of specific acts raises the thorny question of exactly what coercive action is justified. The police often struggle for legitimacy because they are required to undertake acts that would be extraordinary or even illegal if done by others (Waddington, 1999). This is perhaps no more so than in the use of force.
Exclusive Breastfeeding Practice Among Lactating Mothers Infected with HIV in Southern Highlands of Tanzania, Assessing the Prevalence and Factors Associated with the Practice; An Analytical Cross-Sectional Study

Background: There is no other better way proven to safeguard an infant's health in the first six months of life than Exclusive Breast Feeding (EBF). Mother's breast milk is valuable in all aspects of an infant's physical and mental growth as well as immune development. The study aimed at assessing the prevalence and factors associated with EBF practice among lactating HIV-infected mothers in the Southern Highlands of Tanzania. Method: A hospital-based analytical cross-sectional study was conducted among lactating HIV-infected mothers. A random sampling procedure was used to obtain 372 HIV-infected mothers of infants of 6 to 12 months who were still breastfeeding at the time of data collection. An interviewer-administered structured questionnaire was used for data collection. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression was used to assess factors associated with EBF practice. Statistical package for social science (SPSS v.20) software was used for data entry and analysis. Results: The prevalence of EBF practice was 58.1% at 95% Confidence Interval of 52.9% to 63.1%. More than half of the respondents 199(53.5%) had adequate knowledge while 173(46.5%) had inadequate knowledge on EBF. After adjusted for confounders, factors associated with EBF practice were knowledge on EBF [Adequate knowledge (AOR=5.114 at 95% CI= 3.2-8.172, p<0.001)], ANC visit [ Adequate (AOR=1.756 at 95% CI=1.094-2.817, p=0.002)], Income per day [1 0r more USD (AOR=1.828 at 95% CI=1.136-2.943, p=0.013)], perception towards EBF [ positive perception (AOR=3.506 at 95% CI=2.248-5.468, p<0.001) and ever experienced breast problem AOR=3.908 at 95% CI=1.891-8.075, p<0.001 Conclusion: More than half of interviewed mothers practiced EBF. The EBF practice among HIV lactating mothers was significant influenced by adequate knowledge on EBF, positive perception toward EBF, adequate ANC visits, and having never experienced breast problems. Strengthening adherence to ANC routine visits, counseling on breastfeeding, and improving mother's knowledge of exclusive breastfeeding would contribute to the enhancement of EBF practice in this region. An innovative interventional study is recommended to come up with an effective strategy to improve EBF knowledge among HIV-infected mothers.
Two Rare Mechanisms for Acute Anuric Renal Failure in a Patient with Metastatic Malignant Melanoma - A Case Report

This case report examines two rare mechanisms of acute renal failure in a patient with metastatic melanoma treated with high-dose vitamin C. The first is oxalate nephropathy, which is an uncommon but known complication of highdose vitamin C therapy in naturopathic medicine. The second is due to melanuria and renal melanosis, which has been described in metastatic melanoma; however, acute renal failure requiring renal replacement therapy has not been reported previously.
Patterns of impact in the weatherization assistance program: A closer look

In 1990, the US Department of Energy (DOE) initiated a nationwide evaluation of the Weatherization Program. The second phase of the Single-Family Study, which is the subject of this report, is part of this coordinated evaluation effort. In the first chapter the goals and overall design of the study are presented. Chapter 2 discussed methodology, the sample selection process, and data collection procedures. The following chapters (3, 4, and 5) compare the four sets of comparison groups. In Chapter 3, the results of extensive descriptions and measurements of dwelling characteristics, and of blower door, heating system efficiency, and carbon monoxide (CO) tests are compared for control, weatherized, and treated dwellings. In Chapter 4, characteristics of weatherized dwellings with especially high versus those with especially low energy savings are examined. Dwelling characteristic, the presence and amounts of specific weatherization measures, and occupant characteristics and behaviors are examined as factors that may explain variations in energy savings. Chapter 5 presents comparisons of pairs of higher- versus lower-savings agencies in each of several climate regions. These comparison examined differences in housing stocks, service delivery procedures, weatherization measures installed, and allocation of agency funds. The focus here is on the identification of more andmore » less effective weatherization practices and of promising future directions for the Program. This report adds to the earlier one by comparing the practices of lower-savings agencies with those of the higher-saving ones. Chapter 6 compares occupant perceptions of comfort, health, safety, and energy affordability for the weatherized versus control group clients, for the high- versus low-saving dwellings, and the higher-versus lower-saving agencies. Chapter 7 summarizes this study`s findings and presents recommendations. « less
Pockets of Crime: Broken Windows, Collective Efficacy, and the Criminal Point of View

Why, even in the same high-crime neighborhoods, do robbery, drug dealing, and assault occur much more frequently on some blocks than on others? One popular theory is that a weak sense of community among neighbors can create conditions more hospitable for criminals, and another proposes that neighborhood disorder - such as broken windows and boarded-up buildings - makes crime more likely. But in his innovative new study, Peter K. B. St. Jean argues that we cannot fully understand the impact of these factors without considering that, because urban space is unevenly developed, different kinds of crimes occur most often in locations that offer their perpetrators specific advantages. Drawing on Chicago Police Department statistics and extensive interviews with both law-abiding citizens and criminals in one of the city's highest-crime areas, St. Jean demonstrates that drug dealers and robbers, for example, are primarily attracted to locations with businesses like liquor stores, fast food restaurants, and check-cashing outlets. By accounting for these important factors of spatial positioning, he expands upon previous research to provide the most comprehensive explanation available of why crime occurs where it does.
Leadership And Management Development Developing Tomorrow's Managers

1. INTRODUCTION TO MANAGEMENT 2. MANAGEMENT PROCESS, ROLES, BEHAVIOUR AND SKILLS 3. THE MODELS AND THEORIES OF MANAGEMENT DEVELOPMENT 4.STRATEGY AND THE ORGANISATION OF MD 5.ASSESSING DEVELOPMENT NEED AND DEVELOPMENT PLANNING 6.MANAGEMENT LEARNING: INDIVIDUAL AND COLLECTIVE LEARNING THEORY 7.INFORMAL MANAGEMENT LEARNING 8.FORMAL MANAGEMENT DEVELOPMENT: MANAGEMENT TRAINING 9.FORMAL MANAGEMENT DEVELOPMENT: MANAGEMENT EDUCATION 10 MD STRATEGY AND ORGANISATION 11 CROSS CULTURAL MANAGEMENT DEVELOPMENT. 12 INTERNATIONAL MANAGEMENT DEVELOPMENT. 13 MANAGEMENT DEVELOPMENT AND ORGANISATIONAL DEVELOPMENT 14 STRATEGY AND THE ORGANISATION OF MD 15 THE FUTURE DIRECTION OF MANAGEMENT AND LEADERSHIP DEVELOPMENT
Innovative Work Zone Capacity Models from Nationwide Field and Archival Sources

Freeway work zone capacity has been the focus of significant research, but most studies were limited to specific geographic regions or work zone configurations or both. To date, no work zone predictive capacity model exists for U.S. freeways that is based on a geographically representative data set or sensitive to key geometric and operational attributes of the work zone. This paper proposes a new capacity model for freeway work zones, developed from nationwide field data fused with data obtained from an in-depth review of archived literature of prior work zone capacity studies in the United States. The proposed model estimates work zone capacity as a function of the lane closure severity index, barrier type, area type, lateral clearances, and daytime or nighttime work conditions. The model was successfully validated with 25% of the combined data that were not used for the model development. In addition, findings from literature archives suggested a 13.4% difference between prebreakdown, uninterrupted capacity and the ensuing queue discharge rate. The developed capacity model is intended to be incorporated into the next release of the Highway Capacity Manual and provides important insights on the relative effects of work zone configuration and other variables on the expected capacity of freeway work zones.
Driver Comprehension of Managed Lane Signing

A statewide survey of driver comprehension of managed lane signing is reported. Computer-based surveys were conducted using video clips of computer animations as well as still images of signs. The surveys were conducted in four Texas cities with a total of 142 participants. Results showed varying levels of comprehension for signs relating to pricing, occupancy requirements, and destinations. A series of guide sign banner designs was tested, as well as various methods to convey form of payment. Some results suggest that participants may have had difficulties seeing all of the details in the computer animations. Future research using this method should carefully consider the stimulus displays, resolution, and play rate of animations.