Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
GASP. I. Gas Stripping Phenomena in Galaxies with MUSE

GAs Stripping Phenomena in galaxies with MUSE (GASP) is a new integral-field spectroscopic survey with MUSE at the VLT aimed at studying gas removal processes in galaxies. We present an overview of the survey and show a first example of a galaxy undergoing strong gas stripping. GASP is obtaining deep MUSE data for 114 galaxies at z = 0.04–0.07 with stellar masses in the range in different environments (galaxy clusters and groups over more than four orders of magnitude in halo mass). GASP targets galaxies with optical signatures of unilateral debris or tails reminiscent of gas-stripping processes (“jellyfish galaxies”), as well as a control sample of disk galaxies with no morphological anomalies. GASP is the only existing integral field unit (IFU) survey covering both the main galaxy body and the outskirts and surroundings, where the IFU data can reveal the presence and origin of the outer gas. To demonstrate GASP’s ability to probe the physics of gas and stars, we show the complete analysis of a textbook case of a jellyfish galaxy, JO206. This is a massive galaxy ( ) in a low-mass cluster ( ) at a small projected clustercentric radius and a high relative velocity, with ≥90 kpc long tentacles of ionized gas stripped away by ram pressure. We present the spatially resolved kinematics and physical properties of the gas and stars and depict the evolutionary history of this galaxy.
Higgs-mode radiance and charge-density-wave order in 2 H -NbSe 2

Despite being usually considered two competing phenomena, charge-density wave and superconductivity coexist in few systems, the most emblematic one being the transition-metal dichalcogenide $H$ − NbSe$_2$ . This unusual condition is responsible for specific Raman signatures across the two phase transitions in this compound. While the appearance of a soft phonon mode is a well-established fingerprint of the charge-density-wave order, the nature of the sharp subgap mode emerging below the superconducting temperature is still under debate. In this work we use external pressure as a knob to unveil the delicate interplay between the two orders, and consequently the nature of the superconducting mode. Thanks to an advanced extreme-conditions Raman technique, we are able to follow the pressure evolution and the simultaneous collapse of the two intertwined charge-density-wave and superconducting modes. The comparison with microscopic calculations in a model system supports the Higgs-type nature of the superconducting mode and suggests that charge-density wave and superconductivity in $H$ − NbSe$_2$ involve mutual electronic degrees of freedom. These findings fill the knowledge gap on the electronic mechanisms at play in transition-metal dichalcogenides, a crucial step to fully exploit their properties in few-layer systems optimized for device applications.
Exact coherent states for grooved Couette flows

Recent progress indicates that highly symmetric recurring solutions of the Navier-Stokes equations, such as equilibria and periodic orbits, provide a skeleton for turbulence dynamics in state-space. Many of these solutions have been found for flat-walled plane Couette, channel, and pipe flows. Rough-walled flows are of great practical significance, yet no recurring solutions are known for these flows. We present a numerical homotopy method to continue solutions from flat-walled plane Couette flow (PCF) to grooved PCF, demonstrated here at a Reynolds number of 400, to act as a starting point for similar continuation to rough-walled flows. Loss of spanwise homogeneity in grooved PCF reduces continuous families of solutions (identical up to translational shifts) in flat-walled Couette flow to multiple, discrete families in grooved Couette flow; this can manifest in turbulence as spatially anchored exact coherent structures near the wall, so that turbulent statistics reflect symmetry-restricted structure of exact recurring solutions. Furthermore, the vortex-streak structures characteristic of these equilibria are squeezed out of the grooves when the groove-wavelength is smaller than the characteristic spanwise size of the structures. This produces reduced shear stress at the wall even at the low Reynolds numbers considered, and the mechanism is consistent with the drag reduction observed in some riblet-mounted turbulent flows.
On a relation between percolation theory and the elasticity of gels

Résumé. 2014 On établit une relation entre la conductance 03A3 d’un réseau aléatoire de résistances avec une fraction p de conductances non nulles, et le module d’élasticité E d’un gel obtenu par poly-mérisation d’unités z-fonctionnelles (p étant ici la fraction de liaisons qui ont réagi). Abstract. 2014 We compare the macroscopic conductance 03A3 of a resistor network with a fraction p of conducting links, and the elastic modulus E of a gel obtained by polymerization of z-functional units (p being the fraction of reacted bonds).
Les Houches 2017: Physics at TeV Colliders New Physics Working Group Report

We present the activities of the `New Physics' working group for the `Physics at TeV Colliders' workshop (Les Houches, France, 5--23 June, 2017). Our report includes new physics studies connected with the Higgs boson and its properties, direct search strategies, reinterpretation of the LHC results in the building of viable models and new computational tool developments.
Type II supernovae in low-luminosity host galaxies

We present an analysis of a new sample of type II core-collapse supernovae (SNe II) occurring within low-luminosity galaxies, comparing these with a sample of events in brighter hosts. Our analysis is performed comparing SN II spectral and photometric parameters and estimating the influence of metallicity (inferred from host luminosity differences) on SN II transient properties. We measure the SN absolute magnitude at maximum, the light-curve plateau duration, the optically thick duration, and the plateau decline rate in the V band, together with expansion velocities and pseudo-equivalent-widths (pEWs) of several absorption lines in the SN spectra. For the SN host galaxies, we estimate the absolute magnitude and the stellar mass, a proxy for the metallicity of the host galaxy. SNe II exploding in low-luminosity galaxies display weaker pEWs of FeII FeII λ5018, confirming the theoretical prediction that metal lines in SN II spectra should correlate with metallicity. We also find that SNe II in low-luminosity hosts have generally slower declining light curves and display weaker absorption lines. We find no relationship between the plateau duration or the expansion velocities with SN environment, suggesting that the hydrogen envelope mass and the explosion energy are not correlated with the metallicity of the host galaxy. This result supports recent predictions that mass-loss for red supergiants is independent of metallicity.
A 250 GHz Survey of High-Redshift Quasars from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey

We present observations at 250 GHz (1.2 mm), 43 GHz, and 1.4 GHz of a sample of 41 QSOs at z > 3.7 found in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey. We detect 16 sources with a 250 GHz flux density greater than 1.4 mJy. The combination of centimeter and millimeter wavelength observations indicates that the 250 GHz emission is most likely thermal dust emission. Assuming a dust temperature of 50 K, the implied dust masses for the 16 detected sources are in the range 1.5-5.9 × 108 M☉, and the dust emitting regions are likely to be larger than 1 kpc in extent. The radio-through-optical spectral energy distributions for these sources are within the broad range defined by lower redshift, lower optical luminosity QSOs. We consider possible dust heating mechanisms, including UV emission from the active galactic nucleus (AGN) and a starburst concurrent with the AGN, with implied star formation rates between 500 and 2000 M☉ yr-1.
Coherence and non-classicality of quantum Markov processes

Although quantum coherence is a basic trait of quantum mechanics, the presence of coherences in the quantum description of a certain phenomenon does not rule out the possibility to give an alternative description of the same phenomenon in purely classical terms. Here, we give definite criteria to determine when and to what extent quantum coherence is equivalent to non-classicality. We prove that a Markovian multi-time statistics obtained from repeated measurements of a non-degenerate observable cannot be traced back to a classical statistics if and only if the dynamics generates coherences and subsequently turns them into populations. Furthermore, we show with simple examples that such connection between quantum coherence and non-classicality is generally absent if the statistics is non-Markovian.
Can machine learning improve risk prediction of incident hypertension? An internal method comparison and external validation of the Framingham risk model using HUNT Study data

A recent meta-review on hypertension risk models detailed that the differences in data and study-setup have a large influence on performance, meaning model comparisons should be performed using the same study data. We compared five different machine learning algorithms and the externally developed Framingham risk model in predicting risk of incident hypertension using data from the Trondelag Health Study. The dataset yielded n = 23722 individuals with p = 17 features recorded at baseline before follow-up 11 years later. Individuals were without hypertension, diabetes, or history of CVD at baseline. Features included clinical measurements, serum markers, and questionnaire-based information on health and lifestyle. The included modelling algorithms varied in complexity from simpler linear predictors like logistic regression to the eXtreme Gradient Boosting algorithm. The other algorithms were Random Forest, Support Vector Machines, K-Nearest Neighbor. After selecting hyperparameters using cross-validation on a training set, we evaluated the models performance on discrimination, calibration, and clinical usefulness on a separate testing set using bootstrapping. Although the machine learning models displayed the best performance measures on average, the improvement from a logistic regression model fitted with elastic regularization was small. The externally developed Framingham risk model performed well on discrimination, but severely overestimated risk of incident hypertension on our data. After a simple recalibration, the Framingham risk model performed as well or even better than some of the newly developed models on all measures. Using the available data, this indicates that low-complexity models may suffice for long-term risk modelling. However, more studies are needed to assess potential benefits of a more diverse feature-set. This study marks the first attempt at applying machine learning methods and evaluating their performance on discrimination, calibration, and clinical usefulness within the same study on hypertension risk modelling.
Effect of Climate Change on Soil Chemical and Biological Properties-A Review

The most recent report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) indicates that the average global temperature will probably rise between 1.1 and 6.4°C by 2090 – 2099, as compared to 1980–1999 temperatures, with the most likely rise being between 1.8 and 4.0°C (IPCC, 2007). The idea that the Earth’s climate is changing is now almost universally accepted in the scientific community (Cooney, 2010; CorfeeMorlot et al., 2007), and even many scientists who dispute that climate change is anthropogenic are in agreement that it is happening (i.e., Kutílek, 2011; Carter, 2007; Bluemle et al., 1999). Therefore, even if we can’t agree on why climate change is happening, it should be possible to agree that it is happening, and with climate change happening, there will be effects on the environment, including the soil. In the last century considerable changes took place in the gas composition of the atmosphere due to natural processes and human activities, such as increasing energy consumption, industrialization, and intensive agriculture, urban and rural development. This has led to a International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 8 Number 02 (2019) Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas. com
Preheating after small-field inflation

Whereas preheating after chaotic and hybrid inflation models has been abundantly studied in the literature, preheating in small field inflation models, where the curvature of the inflaton potential is negative during inflation, remains less explored. In these models, a tachyonic instability at the end of inflation leads to a succession of exponentially large increases and decreases of the inflaton fluctuations as the inflaton condensate oscillates around the minimum of its potential. The net effect is a competition between low-momentum modes which grow and decrease significantly, and modes with higher momenta which grow less but also decrease less. We develop an analytical description of this process, which is analogous to the quantum mechanical problem of tunneling through a volcano-shaped potential. Depending on the parameters, preheating may be so efficient that it completes in less than one oscillation of the inflaton condensate. Preheating after small field inflation may also be followed by a long matter-dominated stage before the Universe thermalizes, depending on the energy scale of inflation and the details of the inflaton interactions. Finally, another feature of these models is that the spectrum of the inflaton fluctuations at the end of preheating may be peaked around the Hubble scale. In fact, more » because preheating starts when the second slow-roll parameter |{eta}| becomes of order unity while the first slow-roll parameter {epsilon} is still much smaller than 1, the Universe is still inflating during preheating and the modes amplified by the initial tachyonic instability leave the Hubble radius. This may lead to an abundant production of primordial black holes and gravitational waves with frequencies today which are naturally small enough to fall into the range accessible by high-sensitivity interferometric experiments. « less
Time-dependent rate of multicomponent dark matter: Reproducing the DAMA/LIBRA phase-2 results

The current paradigm for dark matter direct detection is to assume that the dark sector is solely composed of a single particle species. In this short paper, we make the observation that dark matter comprising both a light and a heavy component that modulate out of phase leads to interesting phenomenology in annual modulation experiments. For an illustrative example, we use the recently released DAMA/LIBRA phase-2 results with a lower energy threshold. Immediately after, it was argued that a one-component spin-independent dark matter explanation of the observed annual modulation is strongly disfavored or excluded unless isospin-violating couplings are invoked. We show that a simple two-component extension can reproduce the observed spectrum without the need to invoke fine-tuned couplings. Using the publicly available DAMA/LIBRA data, we perform a fit of the DAMA/LIBRA energy spectrum of the annual modulation amplitude to a scenario with two dark matter components. We also take into account how gravitational focusing affects the phases of the light and a heavy components differently, which leads to nontrivial effects in the total time-dependent rate. Our results show that there exists a unique solution in agreement with the data in the simplest case of isospin-conserving couplings with equal cross sections. The distinctive features found in this work are crucial for a dark matter interpretation of any observed annual modulation.
Modelling luminous-blue-variable isolation

Observations show that luminous blue variables (LBVs) are far more dispersed than massive O-type stars, and Smith & Tombleson (2015) suggested that these large separations are inconsistent with a single-star evolution model of LBVs. Instead, they suggested that the large distances are most consistent with binary evolution scenarios. To test these suggestions, we modeled young stellar clusters and their passive dissolution, and we find that, indeed, the standard single-star evolution model is inconsistent with the observed LBV environments. As single stars, the lifetimes of LBVs indicated by their luminosities would be far shorter than the ages required by their observed isolation. The resolution for this isolation is either that are much less massive than their luminosity would suggest, or they are the result of binary evolution. For the binary scenarios, our crude models suggest that LBVs are rejuvenated stars. They are either the result of mergers, or they are mass gainers and received a kick when the primary star exploded. In the merger scenario, LBVs have more time to disperse because they are the merger of two lesser mass stars, in which the primary has an average mass of about 18 solar masses. In the mass-gainer and kick scenario, we find that LBV isolation is consistent with a wide range of kick velocities, anywhere from 0 to ~200 km/s. In either scenario, binarity seems to play a major role in the isolation of LBVs.
Evaluating a serious game to improve childhood cancer patients' treatment adherence

Objective Childhood cancer patients need to have good treatment adherence. Unfortunately, treatment non-adherence often occurs due to high side-effect burdens of treatment and the lack of knowledge of one's illness and treatment. Therefore, a serious game intervention based on the Protection Motivation Theory (PMT) was designed and developed to motivate childhood cancer patients to undergo treatment, perform daily self-care and educate them about their illness. Methods Childhood cancer patients (6–17 years old) and their caregivers were recruited in a multi-centre, single-arm intervention in Malaysia. A total of 24 child-caregiver dyads have completed the study. This study used PMT-based surveys to collect quantitative data regarding children's motivation to adhere to treatment and perform daily self-care. Additionally, a 20-question multiple-choice quiz was used to determine children's knowledge levels. These surveys were conducted pre-test and post-test. Children's and caregivers' feedback were also gathered post-test as qualitative data. Results The results showed that overall, the children's intention to undergo cancer treatment had increased significantly. A significant increase in the intention to perform daily self-care was found among younger children, while older children showed significant improvement in their cancer knowledge levels. The post-test feedback suggested that the game was liked by both children and caregivers and it provided various benefits to children with cancer. Conclusions Findings suggest that the intervention has the potential to improve childhood cancer patients’ motivation for treatment adherence and daily self-care, in addition to educating them about cancer and treatment.
Complex Lyα Profiles in Redshift 6.6 Ultraluminous Lyα Emitters

We report on a search for ultraluminous Lyα-emitting galaxies (LAEs) at z = 6.6 using the NB921 filter on the Hyper Suprime-Cam on the Subaru telescope. We searched a 30 deg2 area around the north ecliptic pole, which we observed in broadband g′, r′, i′, z′, and y′ and narrowband NB816 and NB921, for sources with NB921 < 23.5 and z′-NB921 > 1.3. This corresponds to a selection of log L(Lyα) > 43.5 erg s−1. We followed up seven candidate LAEs (out of 13) with the Keck DEIMOS spectrograph and confirmed five z = 6.6 LAEs, one z = 6.6 AGN with a broad Lyα line and a strong red continuum, and one low-redshift ([O iii] 5007) galaxy. The five ultraluminous LAEs have wider line profiles than lower-luminosity LAEs, and one source, NEPLA4, has a complex line profile similar to that of COLA1. In combination with previous results, we show that the line profiles of the z = 6.6 ultraluminous LAEs are systematically different from those of lower-luminosity LAEs at this redshift. This result suggests that ultraluminous LAEs generate highly ionized regions of the intergalactic medium in their vicinity that allow the full Lyα profile of the galaxy—including any blue wings—to be visible. If this interpretation is correct, then ultraluminous LAEs offer a unique opportunity to determine the properties of the ionized zones around them, which will help in understanding the ionization of the z ∼ 7 intergalactic medium. A simple calculation gives a very rough estimate of 0.015 for the escape fraction of ionizing photons, but more sophisticated calculations are needed to fully characterize the uncertainties.
Spatial distribution, diversity, and taphonomy of clypeasteroid and spatangoid echinoids of the central Florida Keys

Background Irregular echinoids are ecosystem engineers with diverse functional services. Documenting present-day distribution of those widespread organisms is important for understanding their ecological significance and enhancing our ability to interpret their rich fossil record. Methods This study summarizes SCUBA surveys of clypeasteroid and spatangoid echinoids conducted in 2020 and 2021 along the central part of the Florida Keys. The survey included observations on both live and dead specimens, their distribution, habitat preferences, abundance, and live-dead comparison. Results Echinoids were found at 17 out of 27 examined sites (63%) and occurred across a wide range of habitats including coastal seagrass meadows, subtidal sand and seagrass settings of the Hawk Channel, backreef sands, and fine muddy sands of deeper forereef habitats. The encountered species, both dead and alive, included Clypeaster rosaceus (four sites), Clypeaster subdepressus (five sites), Encope michelini (three sites), Leodia sexiesperforata (eight sites), Meoma ventricosa (nine sites), and Plagiobrissus grandis (four sites). All sites were dominated by one species, but some sites included up to five echinoid species. Live-dead fidelity was high, including a good agreement in species composition of living and dead assemblages, congruence in species rank abundance, and overlapping spatial distribution patterns. This high fidelity may either reflect long-term persistence of local echinoid populations or fragility of echinoid tests that could prevent post-mortem transport and the formation of time-averaged death assemblages. Regardless of causative factors, the live-dead comparisons suggest that irregular echinoid assemblages, from settings that are comparable to the study area, may provide a fossil record with a high spatial and compositional fidelity. The survey of live fauna is consistent with past regional surveys in terms of identity of observed species, their rank abundance, and their spatial distribution patterns. The results suggest that despite increasingly frequent hurricanes, active seasonal fisheries, massive tourism, and urban development, irregular echinoids continue to thrive across a wide range of habitats where they provide diverse ecosystem services by oxygenating sediments, recycling organic matter, supporting commensal organisms, and providing food to predators. Results reported here document the present-day status of local echinoid populations and should serve as a useful reference point for assessing future regional changes in echinoid distribution and abundance.