Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Psychological Well-Being in a Connected World: The Impact of Cybervictimization in Children’s and Young People’s Life in France

The Internet is at the heart of our children’s and adolescents’ way of life. Although it opens up many positive perspectives in terms of access to information, knowledge, and communication, it also presents risks and potential negative experiences that can have severe consequences at the individual level. In this paper, we are interested in studying the link between cybervictimization, psychological well-being, and social competence. More specifically, we want to study how children and adolescents’ anxiety, impulsivity, self-esteem, and deviant behaviors may be related to cybervictimization. We collected data from 1019 children and young people in France aged 9–17 in the context of the EU Kids online survey. Sampling was performed building a random-probability nationally representative sample of households with children using the Internet. Participants completed a questionnaire online by computer-assisted self-interviewing (CASI). Structural equation model reveals that (1) cybervictimization is related to lower well-being, such as anxiety and low self-esteem, as well as lower social competence, such as impulsivity and deviant behaviors, and that (2) all dimensions of (non)well-being and social (in)competence are related to each other. Findings are discussed in the light of Agnew general strain theory and previous research findings on the consequences of cybervictimization.
Early pregnancy diagnosis by transrectal ultrasonography in Mehsana buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis).

The aim of this study was to detect early pregnancy and early embryonic mortality using transrectal ultrasonography in Mehsana buffaloes. The study was carried out on 18 postpartum anestrus Mehsana buffaloes of a dairy farm during breeding season, using different estrus synchronization protocols, followed by fi xed time AI. Ultrasound examinations were performed using a real time B-mode ultrasound scanner (ALOKA SSD - 500) equipped with 5 MHz linear array transducer on day 26 and 40 post AI. Ultrasound scanning on day 26 post AI revealed visualization of embryonic vesicle around the conceptus. The embryo proper was observed in nine out of 13 animals (69.23%) on day 26 and all 12 conceived animals (100%) on day 40 post AI. The amniotic and allantoic vesicles were observed as non-echogenic cavities closely surrounding the embryo proper on day 40 post AI. Ovarian corpus luteum and foetal heart beats were observed in conceived buffaloes on both 26 and 40 days post AI. Early embryonic death occurred in one buffalo each between days 26 and 40 and between day 40 and 60 post AI. The overall diagnostic accuracy of ultrasonography for early pregnancy was recorded as 94.44% and 100% on day 26 and day 40, respectively. Plasma progesterone concentrations ranged from 3.006. 02 ng/ml with an average of 4.42±0.52 ng/ml in pregnant animals and from 0.97-1.91 ng/ml with an average of 1.22±0.06 ng/ml in nonpregnant animals on day 20 post AI. It was concluded that ultrasound scanning is a useful tool in detection of early pregnancy, early non-pregnancy and early embryonic mortality in buffaloes.
Health Self-Management Applications in the Work Environment: The Effects on Employee Autonomy

Organizations increasingly use Health Self-Management Applications (HSMAs) that provide feedback information on health-related behaviors to their employees so that they can self-regulate a healthy lifestyle. Building upon Self-Determination Theory, this paper empirically investigates the basic assumption of HSMAs that their self-management feature provides employees with autonomy to self-regulate their health-related behavior. The two-phase experimental study contained a 4-weeks HSMA intervention in a healthcare work environment with a feedback factor (performance vs. developmental) and pretest and posttest measurements of participants' perceived autonomy. Following the experiment, interviews were conducted with users to gain an in-depth understanding of the moderating roles of feedback and BMI (a proxy for health) in the effects of HSMA on perceived autonomy. Findings reveal that the use of an HSMA does not significantly increase perceived autonomy, and may even reduce it under certain conditions. Providing additional developmental feedback generated more positive results than performance feedback alone. Employees with higher BMI perceived a greater loss of autonomy than employees with lower BMI. The reason for this is that higher-BMI employees felt external norms and standards for healthy behavior as more salient and experienced more negative emotions when those norms are not met, thereby making them more aware of their limitations in the pursuit of health goals.
The Expression of NOX From Synthetic Promoters Reveals an Important Role of the Redox Status in Regulating Secondary Metabolism of Saccharopolyspora erythraea

Redox cofactors play a pivotal role in primary cellular metabolism, whereas the clear link between redox status and secondary metabolism is still vague. In this study we investigated effects of redox perturbation on the production of erythromycin in Saccharopolyspora erythraea by expressing the water-forming NADH oxidase (NOX) from Streptococcus pneumonia at different levels with synthetic promoters. The expression of NOX reduced the intracellular [NADH]/[NAD+] ratio significantly in S. erythraea which resulted in an increased production of erythromycin by 19∼29% and this increment rose to 60% as more oxygen was supplied. In contrast, the lower redox ratio resulted in a decreased production of another secondary metabolite, the reddish pigment 7-O-rahmnosyl flaviolin. The metabolic shifts of secondary metabolism results in a higher NADH availability which compensates for its oxidization via NOX. The expression of the erythromycin biosynthesis gene cluster (BGC) in the NOX-expression strains was upregulated as the activity of diguanylate cyclase was inhibited moderately by NADH. This study also suggested that lower intracellular [NADH]/[NAD+] ratio benefits the biosynthesis of erythromycin by potentially affecting the biosynthesis of the secondary messenger, bis-(3′-5′)-cyclic dimeric guanosine monophosphate (c-di-GMP), which may stimulate the positive regulation of erythromycin BGC via BldD. The present work provides a basis for future cofactor manipulation in S. erythraea to improve the industrial production of erythromycin.
The Superior Colliculus and Amygdala Support Evaluation of Face Trait in Blindsight

Humans can respond rapidly to viewed expressions of fear, even in the absence of conscious awareness. This is demonstrated using visual masking paradigms in healthy individuals and in patients with cortical blindness due to damage to the primary visual cortex (V1) - so called affective blindsight. Humans have also been shown to implicitly process facial expressions representing important social dimensions. Two major axes, dominance and trustworthiness, are proposed to characterize the social dimensions of face evaluation. The processing of both types of implicit stimuli is believed to occur via similar subcortical pathways involving the amygdala. However, we do not know whether unconscious processing of more subtle expressions of facial traits can occur in blindsight, and if so, how. To test this, we studied 13 patients with unilateral V1 damage and visual field loss. We assessed their ability to detect and discriminate faces that had been manipulated along two orthogonal axes of trustworthiness and dominance to generate five trait levels inside the blind visual field: dominant, submissive, trustworthy, untrustworthy, and neutral. We compared neural activity and functional connectivity in patients classified as blindsight positive or negative for these stimuli. We found that dominant faces were most likely to be detected above chance, with individuals demonstrating unique interactions between performance and face trait. Only patients with blindsight (n = 8) showed significant preference in the superior colliculus and amygdala for face traits in the blind visual field, and a critical functional connection between the amygdala and superior colliculus in the damaged hemisphere. We also found a significant correlation between behavioral performance and fMRI activity in the amygdala and lateral geniculate nucleus across all participants. Our findings confirm that affective blindsight involving the superior colliculus and amygdala extends to the processing of socially salient but emotionally neutral facial expressions when V1 is damaged. This pathway is distinct from that which supports motion blindsight, as both types of blindsight can exist in the absence of the other with corresponding patterns of residual connectivity.
Management of Osmia lignaria (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae) Populations for Almond Pollination: Methods to Advance Bee Emergence

Abstract The objective of this study was to find one or more rearing methods that would allow us to release Osmia lignaria Say populations from natal nests to pollinate February-flowering almonds, Prunus amygdalus Batsch, in California’s Central Valley. We exposed three phenologically distinct O. lignaria populations (early-, mid-, and late-flying) to different temperature treatments through development and wintering for a total of nine rearing treatments. These treatments combined three approaches to obtain early bee emergence: (1) exposing bees to warmer or fluctuating temperatures, or both, during development; (2) exposing bees to warmer wintering temperatures; and (3) using early-flying bee populations from Central Valley California latitudes. Extended periods of high prewintering temperatures resulted in apparent fat body consumption of prewintering adults and reductions in springtime adult longevity. In general, temperature treatments that promoted rapid immature development, and thus longer wintering periods, resulted in earlier spring emergence patterns of bees well timed with bloom period of almonds. Warmer wintering periods also resulted in earlier emergence. In addition to providing good bee-bloom synchrony, several treatments also yielded vigorous emerging populations, rapid establishment and nesting, and population increases. The potential importance of our results to anticipated increases in the demand for pollination services in California’s Central Valley almonds is discussed.
Effects of resource holding potential and resource value on tenure at nest sites in sand gobies

Over a broad range of animal systems, male reproductive success depends on resource holding potential (RHP) and resource quality. In a field study, we randomly combined males of different sizes with nests of different sizes to investigate the relative role of resource holding potential and resource quality in determining a sand goby, Pomatoschistus minutus, male’s nest tenure. Individually marked small and large males were given either small or large flowerpots for nests in isolation and were exposed to intruders after they had built nests. We found that nest tenure was longer for big males and owners of big nests. In most cases (34 of 51) the original nest owner was replaced by a bigger male. These replacements by larger males were probably due to takeovers by stronger intruders. Replacement males were larger at big nests. Our results support resource defense theory, as individuals with higher RHP and more valuable resources defended their nest for longer. On nine occasions males abandoned their nests. Owners of these nests were larger than the nest owners that were replaced. Hence, our results may provide an example of a situation in which sand goby males are able to judge the reproductive value of their current situation and act accordingly. Key words: male competition, resource holding potential, resource quality, sand goby, take over. [Behav Ecol]
DISTRIBUTION OF RECOVERIES OF STELLER'S EIDERS BANDED ON THE LOWER ALASKA PENINSULA, ALASKA

Abstract Molting adult Steller's Eiders (Polysticta stelleri) were banded at Izembek Lagoon (1961–1998) and Nelson Lagoon (1995–1997) along the lower Alaska Peninsula to determine breeding distribution and movements. Of 52,985 Steller's Eiders banded, 347 were recovered. The overall low recovery rate may not be indicative of harvest levels but may be due to low reporting rates of bands. Almost all recoveries during summer were from Russia and recovery rates did not differ between sexes. We found no evidence that Steller's Eiders molting in specific locations were more likely to be recovered in specific geographic locations in Russia. Our recoveries suggest that Steller's Eiders molting along the Alaska Peninsula were from Russian breeding sites and from remnant breeding populations in Alaska.
Korshinskya extended westwards

Scaligeria assyriaca Freyn. & Bornm. is reassessed and transferred to Korshinskya Lipsky (Umbelliferae), thus extending the distributional range of the genus westwards. Korshinskya is compared with allied genera Astomaea, Elaeosticta, Physospermum and Scaligeria.
Biological control of Thielaviopsis Bud Rot of Hyophorbe lagenicaulis in the field

Thielaviopsis Bud Rot was first reported to infect the Bottle Palm (Hyophorbe lagenicaulis) in Thailand and causes a range of symptoms e.g. Stem Bleeding, Bitten Leaf, Dry Basal Rot and Heart Rot. The isolated pathogen is confirmed to be pathogenic to the Bottle Palm. We carried out bi-culture antagonistic assays using the antagonistic fungi, Chaetomium cupreum and C. globosum against T. paradoxa. Assays showed these fungi to be antagonistic against the pathogen in vitro. In the field the five year old Bottle Palms completely recovered from disease when Chaetomium biological product was applied to infested soil at the rate of 20 g/plant. Antagonistic substances produced by C. cupreum and C. globosum were sprayed to control terminal bud rot and integrated with other cultural control measures. The treated trees recovered significantly within 30 days of application and new leaves emerged. The Chaetomium biological product has good potential in the control of Bud Rot of Bottle Palm.
Telotroch formation, survival, and attachment in the epibiotic peritrich Zoothamnium intermedium (Ciliophora, Oligohymenophorea)

Aspects of the life cycle of the peritrich ciliate Zoothamnium intermedium, an epibiont on calanoid copepods in the Chesapeake Bay, were investigated using host and epibiont cultures. Experiments were designed to characterize the formation, survival, and attachment of free-swimming stages (telotrochs) and to assess whether telotrochs preferentially attach to primary (Acartia tonsa and Eurytemora affinis) or alternate hosts from the zooplankton community (the rotifer Brachionus plicatilis, barnacle nauplii, polychaete larvae, and a harpacticoid copepod). The results showed that telotroch formation started 2 h after the death of the host, with >90% of the zooids leaving the host carapace within 7 h. Formation of telotrochs was triggered only by the death of the host, failing to occur when the host was injured or unable to swim. Telotrochs failed to attach to non-living substrates and survived for only 14 h in the absence of host organisms, suggesting that members of Z. intermedium are obligate epibionts. Attachment success decreased with telotroch age, indicating that colonization success in nature may strongly depend on the ability to find a suitable host in a short period of time. Individuals exhibited no preferences in colonizing juvenile or adult stages of A. tonsa or E. affinis. While telotrochs were able to colonize barnacle nauplii and the harpacticoid copepod in the absence of individuals of A. tonsa or E. affinis, they did not attach to the rotifers or polychaete larvae. Telotrochs preferentially colonized individuals of A. tonsa when in the presence of other non-calanoid host species.
Phytosociological study on the deltaic part and the principal channel of Wadi Qena, Egypt

Wadi Quena is one of the major wadis of the Eastern Desert in Egypt. It is unique in its nourth-south orientation among other wadis in this desert. Phytosociological study of this wadi is based on the analysis of vegetation in 21 stands, using the Zurich Montpellier technique. The vegetation survey indicated the prevailance of perennials in this wadi. Thirty nine species comprising the vegetation of the wadi are segregated in two community types: 1. Anabasis setifera - Acacia ehrenbergiana and 2. Zygophyllum coccineum-Shouwia thebaica. The second community type has two subcommunities: a. Tamarix nilotica - Artemisia judaica and b. Cotula cinerea - Cleome droserifolia. Elements of the alliance Zygophyllaeion coccini previously recognized in other wadis of this desert are well represented in this wadi. The distribution of the communities recognized in this study seems to be dependent upon the moisture retention properties and on the soil depth.
NITRIC OXIDE IN PLANTS: PROPERTIES, BIOSYNTHESIS AND PHYSIOLOGICAL FUNCTIONS

Nitric oxide (NO) is an important signalling molecule with diverse physiological functions in plants. In the last years, many advances have been obtained regarding NO synthesis and its physiological effects in plants. It was found to play a crucial role in plant growth and development, starting from germination to flowering, ripening of fruit and senescence of organs, respiratory metabolism, as well as plant response to abiotic and biotic stressors. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying its effects remain poorly understood. This review discusses some aspects related to NO in plants, such as chemical properties, synthesis pathways, antioxidant action, physiological and biochemical changes that occur in plants under normal conditions and the possible functions of NO under changing environmental conditions. The interaction of NO with plant hormones, and cross-talk with salicylic acid are also discussed. The elucidation of such aspects represents a challenge to future studies.
Dengue Virus (DV) Replication in Monocyte-Derived Macrophages Is Not Affected by Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha (TNF-α), and DV Infection Induces Altered Responsiveness to TNF-α Stimulation

ABSTRACT Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) is believed to play a significant role in the pathogenesis of dengue virus (DV) infection, with elevated levels of TNF-α in the sera of DV-infected patients paralleling the severity of disease and TNF-α release being coincident with the peak of DV production from infected monocyte-derived macrophages (MDM) in vitro. Since macrophages are a primary cell target in vivo for DV infection, we investigated the potential antiviral role of TNF-α in regulating DV replication in MDM. While pretreatment of MDM with TNF-α had a minor inhibitory effect, addition of TNF-α to MDM with established DV infection had no effect on DV replication as measured by DV RNA levels or progeny virus production. Blocking endogenous TNF-α using short interfering RNA or inhibitory TNF-α antibodies also had no effect on infectious DV production or viral RNA synthesis. Together, these results demonstrate that DV replication in MDM is not affected by TNF-α. Additionally, normal cellular TNF-α signaling, measured by quantitation of TNF-α-induced stimulation of transcription from an NF-κB-responsive reporter plasmid or NF-κB protein nuclear translocation, was blocked in DV-infected MDM and Huh7 cells. Thus, DV replication in MDM is not affected by TNF-α, and infected cells do not respond normally to TNF-α stimulation. It is therefore unlikely that the increased production of TNF-α seen in DV infection directly effects DV clearance by reducing DV replication, and the ability of DV to alter TNF-α responsiveness highlights another example of viral subversion of cellular functions.
The errors of long-term experiments

SUMMARY Yield (or other variate) values from crops recurring on the same plots in long-term experiments are subject to correlations known as serial plot correlations. Neglect of these plot correlations can result in loss of efficiency in the estimation of treatment effects and bias in the estimation of error. Serial plot correlations are calculated from 12 experiments on arable crops in England and Wales, for yields 4, 6 or 8 years apart. They are usually positive, with average value 0·2. In one set of experiments the losses in efficiency caused by plot correlations of this magnitude are shown to be small, but some of the biases in the estimates of error are large. Biases in the variances of treatment means can be wholly or partly eliminated by separating two components of error, plot error and plot x year error.
Seasonality of births in Homo sapiens in pre‐industrial Finland: maximisation of offspring survivorship?

We examined the seasonal variation in human birth and infant survival rates in pre‐modern Finland. If survival probabilities of children born during different seasons of the year differ and if timing of reproduction has been affected by natural selection, periodic variation in environment could have led to reproduction during the season of best infant survival expectations. Significant seasonal variation in both birth rate and survival probability was found, but the monthly birth and survival rates of newborn were uncorrelated. Hence, if there was any tendency to maximise the reproductive success, increase in some other component of fitness than the infant survival was probably targeted. The effect of major holidays on the birth rate was proved to be notable, suggesting that although the basis for seasonal variation in birth rate was biological, sociocultural factors had an impact on the timing of reproduction in humans. The overall mortality of infant boys exceeded that of infant girls in all seasons. This difference was smallest during the time of best food supplies, indicating that the development of males was less buffered against environmental disturbances than that of females.
Use of Cichorium Intybus Leaf Extract as Growth Promoter, Hepatoprotectant and Immune Modulent in Broilers -

The efficacy of Cichorium intybus (chicory) leaf extract was determined on day-old chicks (n=150) that were distributed in 15 replicates (10 birds/replicate). These replicates were allotted to five treatment groups such that each group received three replicates. Group A (positive control) was offered commercial ration supplemented with antibiotic growth promoter (Enracin) and coccidiostat (Salinomycine) along with water without any supplementation. Group E (negative control) was offered water without supplementation of antibiotic and coccidiostat. Whereas, group B, C and D were offered water containing different concentrations of chicory leaves extract at 5, 10 and 15 ml/L, respectively, extracted in distilled water at pH 7. Supplementation of chicory leaf extract in drinking water of birds exhibited a significantly (P< 0.05) improved weight gain and efficiency of feed utilization. Aspartate Aminotransferase concentration, antibody titer against Newcastle disease, blood glucose, cholesterol level, total leukocyte count (TLC) and hepatoprotective properties were found to be better in treated groups than those of controls. The feed consumption, Alpha Glutamyltransferase, hemoglobin concentration (Hb), Packed Cell Volume (PCV), heterophils count, lymphocytes count and antibody titer against infectious bursal disease remained unaffected. It was concluded that chicory leaf extract can be used an inexpensive, efficient and safe growth promoter in broiler production.