Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
To be young, unmarried, rural, and female: intersections of sexual and reproductive health and rights in the Maldives

Abstract This paper explores sexual and reproductive health and rights (SRHR) among young people, identifying intersecting factors that create inequities in access to services, health-seeking behaviour, and ultimately health outcomes. Based on qualitative interviews with young people in the Maldives, it demonstrates how these intersectional experiences are contrary to what is often assumed in official data, policies, and services. Three factors were found to shape young people’s experiences: marital status, gender, and urban/rural differences. Non-marital sexual activity is illegal in the Maldives, but it is somewhat expected of unmarried men, while unmarried women are stigmatised for being sexually active. Although access to SRH services is restricted for all unmarried people, young women face additional difficulties, as the risk of being exposed is much greater in small island communities. Maldivian island communities are extremely small and characterised by an inward-looking culture that exerts considerable social pressure, particularly on unmarried women. For an unmarried woman, being known to be sexually active, or worse, pregnant outside of marriage, has severe social consequences including stigma and isolation from the community, and their own family. This concern is more prevalent among rural young women, as they live in smaller communities where stigma is inescapable. The need to avoid public scrutiny and humiliation contributes to making unsafe abortion a common solution for many unintended pregnancies. Failure to acknowledge these intersecting factors in SRHR experience and access has led to inequities among an already overlooked population, shaping their experiences, knowledge, health-seeking behaviour, and health outcomes.
Control regions for chromosome replication are conserved with respect to sequence and location among Escherichia coli strains

In Escherichia coli, chromosome replication is initiated from oriC by the DnaA initiator protein associated with ATP. Three non-coding regions contribute to the activity of DnaA. The datA locus is instrumental in conversion of DnaAATP to DnaAADP (datA dependent DnaAATP hydrolysis) whereas DnaA rejuvenation sequences 1 and 2 (DARS1 and DARS2) reactivate DnaAADP to DnaAATP. The structural organization of oriC, datA, DARS1, and DARS2 were found conserved among 59 fully sequenced E. coli genomes, with differences primarily in the non-functional spacer regions between key protein binding sites. The relative distances from oriC to datA, DARS1, and DARS2, respectively, was also conserved despite of large variations in genome size, suggesting that the gene dosage of either region is important for bacterial growth. Yet all three regions could be deleted alone or in combination without loss of viability. Competition experiments during balanced growth in rich medium and during mouse colonization indicated roles of datA, DARS1, and DARS2 for bacterial fitness although the relative contribution of each region differed between growth conditions. We suggest that this fitness advantage has contributed to conservation of both sequence and chromosomal location for datA, DARS1, and DARS2.
Momentum

1. Disciplina de Pneumologia, Instituto do Coração, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo (SP) Brasil. 2. Editor-Chefe do JBP Jornal Brasileiro de Pneumologia, Brasília (DF) Brasil. The Portuguese word momento can be translated in a number of ways. It is first and foremost translated as “moment”, which has an eminently temporal connotation, indicating a definite or indeterminate period of time, a secondary meaning (in Portuguese only) being that of a specific circumstance. However, it can also be translated as “momentum”, as the term is used in the field of physics, indicating the force imposed on a rotational system, generating an impulse or change.
Development of Hygiene and Healthy Living Habits Learning Module for Early Childhood Education Teachers

Abstract This study aimed to create learning module for kindergarten teachers, on hygiene and healthy living habits. Module that can be used to study about health and additional references on hygiene and healthy living habits. This research is a research and development in 10 steps, by adapting research and development research according to Gall, & Borg's model. Research and development research was conducted by using the following steps: (1) potentials and problems, (2) data collection, (3) product design, (4) design validation, (5) product revisions, (6) product tests, (7) product revisions, (8) product tests, (9) product revisions, and (10) mass production. This research produced a module product to learn about hygiene and healthy living habits for Early Childhood Education that had been tested in schools and validated by media experts and material experts. Evaluation results showed that the module is in accordance with the curriculum, in accordance with the characteristics of growth and development of students, and is easy, interesting, and fun for students. Keywords : development, hygiene and healthy living habits, early childhood education Abstrak Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membuat modul pembelajaran bagi guru taman kanak-kanak, mengenai kebersihan dan kebiasaan hidup sehat. Modul yang dapat dipakai untuk mempelajari kesehatan dan referensi tambahan mengenai kebersihan dan kebiasaan hidup sehat. Penelitian ini merupakan research and development dalam 10 langkah, dengan mengadaptasi penelitian research and development menurut model Gall, Gall, & Borg's. Penelitian research and development dilaksanakan menggunakan langkah-langkah : (1) potensi dan permasalahan, (2) pengumpulan data, (3)desain product, (4) validasi desain, (5) revisi produk, (6) ujicoba produk, (7) revisi produk, (8) ujicoba produk, (9) revisi produk, dan (10) produksi masal. Penelitian ini menghasilkan produk berupa modul untuk belajar mengenai kebersihan dan kebiasaan hidup sehat untuk pendidikan anak usia dini yang telah diujicoba di sekolah dan divalidasi oleh ahli media dan ahli materi. Hasil evaluasi menunjukkan bahwa modul tersebut sesuai dengan kurikulum, sesuai dengan karakteristik pertumbuhan dan perkembangan siswa, serta bersifat mudah, menarik, dan menyenangkan bagi siswa. Kata kunci : pengembangan, kebersihan dan kebiasaan hidup sehat, pendidikan anak usia dini
“Cutting Complications and Costs in Diabetes Care” : Exploring the possibilities of technology in diabetes care practice in Finland

Author(s) Title Number of Pages Date Henrika Wiitakorpi “Cutting Complications and Costs in Diabetes Care” Exploring the possibilities of technology in diabetes care practice in Finland 54 pages + 3 appendices 15th October 2018 Degree Master’s degree Degree Programme Health Business Management Specialisation option Master’s Degree in Healthcare Instructor(s) Juha Havukumpu, Senior Lecturer Diabetes is a worldwide problem, affecting approximately 425 million adults around the world and causing health expenditure for USD 727 billion dollars in 2017. In Finland, approximately 6 % of the population is suffering from diabetes and the number is rising. It is estimated that the number of cases might double within the following 10-15 years. The care is currently expensive and ineffective, as even as much as 70 % of the costs are caused by complications that could be avoided when people at risk are identified early enough and treated sufficiently. The aim of this study is to explore how the current diabetes care practice in Finland could be improved by using technology in a way that decreases both the amount of complications and the healthcare expenditure. More specific, the study is concerned with which investments should be made in order to minimize the amount of complications. Furthermore, it strives to provide a deeper insight into how technology could be used for preventive care, both improving care results and saving costs. The qualitative study was carried out conducting theme interviews with leading specialists in the area of diabetes treatment, health technology (with focus on diabetes care), public health and diabetes work in Finland. Research results show that a patient-centred focus striving for as stable blood glucose control and good quality of life as possible were found to be essential in order to reach better care results, i.e. less complications. Managing, teaching and supporting patients would be the area where technology could prove to be most useful, as it could help making everyday decisions, serve as a reminder system and a channel for mental support and engagement. Enhanced visibility and knowledge of information for both patient and healthcare providers were also considered key factors. As healthcare professionals gain better overview of patients’ care, resources can be allocated in better ways. Further development and use of technology as well as focus on engaging, individualized diabetes care could lead to a shift towards a more preventive care model, reducing the number of complications, saving healthcare expenditure as well as improving the life of people with diabetes.
New Therapies of Neovascular AMD—Beyond Anti-VEGFs

Neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) is one of the leading causes of blindness among the aging population. The current treatment options for nAMD include intravitreal injections of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF). However, standardized frequent administration of anti-VEGF injections only improves vision in approximately 30–40% of nAMD patients. Current therapies targeting nAMD pose a significant risk of retinal fibrosis and geographic atrophy (GA) development in nAMD patients. A need exists to develop new therapies to treat nAMD with effective and long-term anti-angiogenic effects. Recent research on nAMD has identified novel therapeutic targets and angiogenic signaling mechanisms involved in its pathogenesis. For example, tissue factor, human intravenous immune globulin, interferon-β signaling, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and cytochrome P450 monooxygenase lipid metabolites have been identified as key players in the development of angiogenesis in AMD disease models. Furthermore, novel therapies such as NACHT, LRR and PYD domains containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome inhibition, inhibitors of integrins and tissue factor are currently being tested at the level of clinical trials to treat nAMD. The aim of this review is to discuss the scope for alternative therapies proposed as anti-VEGFs for the treatment of nAMD.
Weaning Foods with Improved Energy and Nutrient Density Prepared from Germinated Cereals. 1. Preparation and Dietary Bulk of Gruels Based on Barley

The article “Studies on a Wheat-Based Amylase-Rich Food” by Tara Gopaldas et al. (Food and Nutrition Bulletin, vol. 10, no. 3, Sept. 1988) described the use of germinated (malted) wheat for making a weaning food of low viscosity. In response to the interest generated by that article, we are publishing the following two papers, discussing the application of this principle using barley. The three works taken together should provide sufficient guidance for those wishing to produce weaning foods from barley or other cereal that are locally available or preferred.
Factors Associated with Gingivitis in 10-Year-Old School Children in Vietnam

The objective of this study is to determine factors associated with gingivitis in 10-year-old Vietnamese school children. A cross-sectional study consisted of 1,079 children matched for age 10-year-old who were randomly selected from 16 public schools in Ho Chi Minh City, 2015 applying PPS (Probability Propor-tional to Size) sampling. Self-reported oral health, dental habits, dietary, physical activities habits and anthropometric indices were investigated by selfadministered questionnaires. Plaque index (PI) and gingival index (GI) were examined. Children’s nutritional status classification was based on Body Mass Index (BMI-for-age percentile). The multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to further assess the association between the obesity and gingivitis after adjusting confounding factors. The prevalence of gingivitis in study sample was about 100%. Both of PI and GI increased gradually across normal and overweight children then overweight to obese children and both of these differences were statistically significant, (p<0.001). The risk factors that significantly related to gingivitis were self-reported gingivitis (OR=1.5; CI=1.0-2.0), regular dental check-ups (OR=1.3; CI=1.0-1.7), self-checked gingiva frequency (OR=1.3; CI=1.0-1.7), overweight (OR=1.5; CI=1.5-2.1), obesity (OR=6.1; CI=3.9-9.6) and dental plaque (OR=1.7; CI=1.3-2.3), (p<0.05). In conclusion, Gingivitis were associated with oral and behavioral factors in 10-year-old school children in Ho Chi Minh City. This study also demonstrated the significant association between gingivitis and obesity in school children. Thus, the importance of obesity should not only be emphasized with respect to general diseases but also with regard to oral disease in future preventive programs.
Quality of life in Romanian patients with schizophrenia based on gender, type of schizophrenia, therapeutic approach, and family history

The low quality of life of patients with schizophrenia has been extensively discussed and investigated. Various aspects from gender, socio-demographic profile, and/or type of neuroleptic treatment have been taken into account in describing this condition. The purpose of this study is to assess the perceived quality of life of Romanian patients suffering from schizophrenia and to correlate it with gender differences, type of schizophrenia, family history of psychiatric illness, and type of antipsychotic treatment. 143 patients diagnosed with schizophrenia according to DSM IV-TR and ICD 10 were included in the study. Social demographic data were documented and further assessment was performed using the Subjective Well Being under Neuroleptic Treatment Scale –the short form (SWN-S) and the short version of the WHOQuestionnaire for The Quality of Life (WHO-QoL-BREF). The mental functioning dimension was higher in men than women; the social integration dimension was higher for the residual type of schizophrenia. Emotional regulation and the capacity of social integration did not show significant differences between patients who had a family history of mental illness and those who did not. Levels of self-control and physical functioning were better for patients treated with atypical antipsychotics and who did not report a family history of psychiatric illness. All five dimensions of the SWN-S were higher in patients treated with atypical antipsychotics, compared to those who were treated with typical antipsychotics. The study showed that for people with schizophrenia mental functioning was better preserved in men, in patients who did not have a family history of psychiatric illness, and in patients who were treated with atypical antipsychotics. The level of social integration was better in patients who were treated with atypical antipsychotics but this effect depended on the type of schizophrenia.
Resistive Index for the Evaluation of Renal Damage in Diabetes Mellitus Type 2

Background: One of the most common causes of renal impairment and development of chronic kidney disease is diabetes mellitus type 2 (DM 2). The aim of this prospective study was to determine the role of Resistive Index (RI) as a non-invasive marker for the evaluation of renal impairment in patients with DM 2. Material and Methods: 47 patients with DM 2 in mean age 62.66 ± 10.081 years were included in the study for the period of one year. All of them were with well-compensated diabetes mellitus (HbA1c 0.05 for all). There was significant difference between the groups according to serum creatinine (p = 0.026), GFR (p = 0.044) and the degree of proteinuria (p = 0.001). There was a positive correlation between RI and serum creatinine (r = 0.418; p = 0.001) and between RI and proteinuria (r = 0.396; p = 0.004). A negative correlation relationship between RI and GFR values was found (r = –0.413; p = 0.011). Conclusions: RI may be used as an indicator for the assessment of the severity of renal impairment in patients with DM 2. It correlates well with serum creatinine, GFR and proteinuria, which are proven biochemical parameters indicating the degree of renal damage in patients with DM 2.
Differences in arousal probability and duration after apnea and hypopnea events in adult OSA patients

Objective: In obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) breathing cessations are often followed by arousals leading into sleep fragmentation and thus, impaired sleep quality. Arousals and fragmented sleep are also related to detrimental cardiovascular events. The key index for OSA diagnosis (i.e. apnea-hypopnea index) attributes equal diagnostic value to apneas and hypopneas despite associated arousals and desaturations may be very different. Thus, considering the severity of consequences of apneas and hypopneas could enhance the estimation of OSA severity. In this study, we investigate whether the probability and duration of apnea- and hypopnea-related arousals differ and whether the difference in desaturations severity following apneas and hypopneas is dependent on sleep stage. Approach: Polysomnographic recordings of 348 consecutive OSA patients were included for analysis. Severity of arousals and desaturations related to hypopneas within different sleep stages were compared to those related to apneas. In addition, probability of arousals related to apneas and hypopneas was evaluated within OSA severity categories. Main results: Apneas caused arousals less frequently than hypopneas in N1, N2, and N3 sleep in all OSA severity categories. However, arousals caused by apneas were longer (p<0.001) and desaturations related to apneas more severe (p<0.001) compared to those related to hypopneas in N1, N2, and REM sleep even after adjustment for respiratory event durations. Significance: Desaturations and arousals related to apneas are more severe compared to those related to hypopneas. Therefore, apneas followed by arousal or desaturation should have different diagnostic value than hypopneas when assessing OSA severity and related risk for cardiovascular consequences.
Risk factors of acute myocardial infarction in elderly and nonelderly patients: a comparative retrospective study done in a rural tertiary care centre of India

Background: Cardiovascular diseases are the most common diagnosis in the elderly, and the first cause of death in men and women over 60 years. It is not clear if the risk factors of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) are different in elderly and non-elderly people. The aim of this study was to compare the prevalence of risk factors of acute myocardial infarction between elderly and non-elderly patients who had been admitted to hospital for the first attack of acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Methods: A retrospective study was done in Narayan Medical College and Hospital, Jamuhar, Sasaram, Bihar from January 2017 to December 2017. Study population were all patients who were admitted due to AMI in medicine ward. Patients were selected as per World Health Organization guidelines. The patients were divided into two groups, non-elderly patients of <60 years and elderly patients of ≥60 years.Results: Among different risk factors, diabetes and hypertension were more common in elderly than their non-elderly counterparts, and male gender, smoking and family history of ischemic heart disease was more common in non-elderly patients than elderly ones.Conclusions: This study provide vital information on young AMI patients amongst the diverse population of north India and will help to guide the treating physicians and the health care system to adopt appropriate steps directed towards primary and secondary prevention of AMI in young patients of this region, especially smoking cessation, which is the commonest modifiable risk factor, in their most productive years of life.
AdoBPRIM: Towards a New Healthcare Risk-aware Business Process Management Tool

: Performing risk management in healthcare facilities is particularly difﬁcult due to the highly dynamic, complex, and multi-disciplinary nature of healthcare processes like the Medication Use Process (MUP). Risk-aware Business Process Management (R-BPM) is a promising approach to obtain a better understanding of such processes by identifying and analyzing corresponding risks. However, not all R-BPM approaches perform well in capturing the complexity of clinical processes. In this work, we introduce a new R-BPM framework called BPRIM that allows the identiﬁcation and the analysis of medication error risks related to the complex medication use process. BPRIM is implemented using the ADOxx meta-modelling platform and then tested in a real case study. The tool is speciﬁc to the case study, but the framework can be used also in other healthcare processes.
Testosterone Modulates Altered Prefrontal Control of Emotional Actions in Psychopathic Offenders

Abstract Psychopathic individuals are notorious for their controlled goal-directed aggressive behavior. Yet, during social challenges, they often show uncontrolled emotional behavior. Healthy individuals can control their social emotional behavior through anterior prefrontal cortex (aPFC) downregulation of neural activity in the amygdala, with testosterone modulating aPFC–amygdala coupling. This study tests whether individual differences in this neuroendocrine system relate to the paradoxical lack of emotional control observed in human psychopathic offenders. Emotional control was operationalized with an fMRI-adapted approach–avoidance task requiring rule-driven control over rapid emotional responses. Fifteen psychopathic offenders and 19 matched healthy control subjects made approaching and avoiding movements in response to emotional faces. Control of social emotional behavior was required during affect-incongruent trials, when participants had to override affect-congruent, automatic action tendencies and select the opposite response. Psychopathic offenders showed less control-related aPFC activity and aPFC–amygdala coupling during trials requiring control of emotional actions, when compared with healthy control subjects. This pattern was particularly pronounced in psychopathic individuals with high endogenous testosterone levels. These findings suggest that reduced prefrontal coordination underlies reduced behavioral control in psychopathic offenders during emotionally provoking situations. Even though the modest sample size warrants replication, the modulatory role of endogenous testosterone on the aPFC–amygdala circuit suggests a neurobiological substrate of individual differences that is relevant for the advancement of treatment and the reduction of recidivism.
Parents’ perception of the sleep habits and quality of preschool-aged children

Background: Sleep quality is essential for children’s well-being during the day and to optimize their school performance. Objectives: To characterize the sleep habits and quality of preschool-aged children based on their parents’ perceptions. Methodology: A quantitative, descriptive, and correlational study was conducted using a nonprobability sample of 642 parents of children attending preschool in the municipalities of Albergaria-a-Velha (64.2%) and Águeda (35.8%). The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index was used. Results: The results showed that 64.8% of children had a good sleep quality; 47.2% of them took 16 to 30 minutes to fall asleep; 88.3% of them slept between 9 and a half hours and 10 and a half hours; 84% had very good habitual sleep efficiency; 75.4% had sleep disturbance; 97.5% did not use sleeping pills; and 76.6% had no daytime dysfunction. Conclusion: Although sleep quality is good in most of the children, a number of concerns were identified. Thus, sleep hygiene education should be provided to parents and the preschool community.