Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Collard—Cowpea Intercrop Response to Nitrogen Fertilization, Redroot Pigweed Density, and Collard Harvest Frequency

Field experiments were conducted in 1992 and 1993 to determine the effect of N fertility, cropping system, redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus L.) density, and harvesting frequency on collard (Brassica oleracea var. acephala D.C) and cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp. ] growth. The N fertilization regimes were 0, 80, 160, and 240 kg.ha -1 , applied as urea in a split application. Four weeks after crop planting, redroot pigweed was seeded at 0, 300, and 1200 seeds/m 2 . Between weeks 6 and 12, collard leaves were harvested at 1- to 3-week intervals. Year, N fertility, and cropping system interacted to determine collard leaf number and mass. For example, in 1992, with N at 160 kg.ha -1 , collards intercropped had more total leaf mass than those monocropped. Pigweed density had no effect on collard yields, which were greatest from the 3-week harvest frequency. Cropping system and pigweed density interacted to determine cowpea vine length, shoot dry mass, and branching. The high density of pigweed caused a 56% reduction of cowpea dry mass in 1992.
DESIGN AND EVALUATION OF MOBILE DRIP IRRIGATION SYSTEM

Mobile drip irrigation system ''MDIS'' consists of on/in-line drip hoses at different spaced between lines being dragged through various crops by a center pivot or lateral move irrigation system. Technology of MDIS combines the efficiency of surface drip irrigation (95%) with the flexibility and economics of center pivot and lateral move irrigation systems. While conventional center pivot and lateral move irrigation water application packages are efficient and provide many different options for distributing water. MDIS technology increased system application efficiency through precision drip irrigation with the slow methodical release of water and nutrients directly to the soil area for optimal plant growth. A mobile drip irrigation system ''MDIS'' was designed using the classic dripping irrigation materials and determine the best system speed which gives best witting front advance in horizontal, vertical and diagonal directions in the loamy sand soil. The MDIS was evaluated at four system speeds of 5, 10, 15, and 20 and three types of drip tubes of . The results showed that the classification of all used drip tubes were fully pressure compensating and the application efficiency of MDIS was higher than 82%. Also, results obtained the mathematical relationships which describe wetting front advance in horizontal ''H'', vertical ''V'', and diagonal ''D'' directions in loamy sand soil.
SYSTEMATICS OF THE GENUS ALOPIAS (LAMNIFORMES: ALOPIIDAE) WITH EVIDENCE FOR THE EXISTENCE OF AN UNRECOGNIZED SPECIES

Allozymic variation for 13 presumptive loci was used to infer phylogenetic relationships among geographic samples of thresher sharks of the genus Alopias. The existence of an unrecognized species of Alopias was suggested by the allozymic data. Trees were constructed from allozymic data using maximum-parsimony and Distance Wagner procedures. The coding procedure used in maximum-parsimony analysis united all samples of A. superciliosus and A. pelagicus into a single Operational Taxonomic Unit (OTU). Maximum-parsimony analysis identified a single most parsimonious tree that united the unrecognized species of Alopias and the A. superciliosus + A. pelagicus OTU into a clade excluding A. vulpinus. The Distance Wagner analysis united samples of A. vulpinus into a clade excluding samples of all other species; the unrecognized species of Alopias and A. vulpinus constituted a clade; and samples of A. superciliosus and A. pelagicus were united into a clade. Analyses of maximum-parsimony and Distance Wagner trees using FREQPARS showed that the maximum-parsimony tree was shorter. Some uncertainty regarding phylogenetic placement of the unrecognized species remained because the synapomorphy uniting this species into a clade with A. superciliosus and A. pelagicus was scorable only in a single specimen of the unrecognized species. Allozymic data were not sufficient to accurately determine relationships among different geographic samples of A. superciliosus and A. pelagicus. This may have resulted from the low number of specimens and loci examined and/or the high genetic similarity of these two species. A high proportion of potentially informative polyallelic loci was found within Alopias; however, the outgroup (Isurus oxyrinchus) did not possess character states found among ingroup forms for many of these loci. Allozymes do show promise for investigating phylogenetic relationships of sharks at the genus/species level provided the number of species (OTUs) is relatively low, an informative outgroup is used, and the high proportion of potentially informative loci found in this
Phytochemical constituents, antibacterial screening and antioxidant activity of Albizia lebbeck (L.) Benth (Seed)

Albizia lebbeck (L.) Benth. Traditionally plant is used as anti-asthmatic, anti-inflammatory, anti-fertility and anti-diarrheal, antiseptic, anti-dysenteric, anti-tubercular, leprosy, paralysis and helminth infection. This study aimed to determine the phytochemical constituents, antioxidant and antibacterial activities. The phytochemical screening was carried out using Petroleum ether, Ethyl acetate and 70% ethanol; preliminary phytochemical screening showed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, carbohydrates, tannins, coumarins and saponins in plant extracts. The seeds extract of Albizia lebbeck were tested against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria by cup diffusion method. The Petroleum ether extract showed high activity against Escherichia coli when compared with other plant extracts. The antioxidant activity was determined by using the free radical scavenging method (DPPH). The result of antioxidant activity reflected low activity as compared with standard (Propyl gallate).
Tuber melanosporum shapes nirS-type denitrifying and ammonia-oxidizing bacterial communities in Carya illinoinensis ectomycorrhizosphere soils

Background NirS-type denitrifying bacteria and ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) play a key role in the soil nitrogen cycle, which may affect the growth and development of underground truffles. We aimed to investigate nirS-type denitrifying bacterial and AOB community structures in the rhizosphere soils of Carya illinoinensis seedlings inoculated with the black truffle (Tuber melanosporum) during the early symbiotic stage. Methods The C. illinoinensis seedlings inoculated with or without T. melanosporum were cultivated in a greenhouse for six months. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) technology was used to analyze nirS-type denitrifying bacterial and AOB community structures in the rhizosphere soils of these seedlings. Additionally, the soil properties were determined. Results The results indicated that the abundance and diversity of AOB were significantly reduced due to the inoculation of T. melanosporum, while these of nirS-type denitrifying bacteria increased significantly. Proteobacteria were the dominant bacterial groups, and Rhodanobacter, Pseudomonas, Nitrosospira and Nitrosomonas were the dominant classified bacterial genera in all the soil samples. Pseudomonas was the most abundant classified nirS-type denitrifying bacterial genus in ectomycorrhizosphere soils whose relative abundance could significantly increase after T. melanosporum inoculation. A large number of unclassified nirS-type denitrifying bacteria and AOB were observed. Moreover, T. melanosporum inoculation had little effect on the pH, total nitrogen (TN), nitrate-nitrogen (NO\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{upgreek} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document} }{}${}_{3}^{-}$\end{document}3−-N) and ammonium-nitrogen (NH\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{upgreek} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document} }{}${}_{4}^{+}$\end{document}4+-N) contents in ectomycorrhizosphere soils. Overall, our results showed that nirS-type denitrifying bacterial and AOB communities in C. illinoinensis rhizosphere soils were significantly affected by T. melanosporum on the initial stage of ectomycorrhizal symbiosis, without obvious variation of soil N contents.
The Influence of Good Corporate Governance, Earning Per Share, and the Characteristisc of the Company on Earnings Management (Case Study at Banking go public Companies Listed on Indonesia Stock Exchange 2015 – 2018)

This study aims to examine the effect of the effect of Good Corporate Governance, Earning Per Share, and Company Characteristics on Earnings Management. Good Corporate Governance is measured using indicators of Institutional Ownership, Managerial Ownership, Independent Board of Commissioners, Audit Committee, Earning Per Share, Company Size on Profit ManagementThe banking companies that have gone public are listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) in 2015-2018. The method used is a quantitative method. The population in this study were all banking companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for four years, namely 2015 2018. Determination of the number of samples was carried out using purposive sampling techniques with certain considerations or criteria so that the samples used in this study were 26 companies. Data collection techniques in this study were carried out in several ways, namely by documentation and literature study. The data obtained were then analyzed using the multiple linear regression analysis model using SPSS version 24. However, before multiple regression analysis was performed first, a descriptive statistical regression analysis and a classic assumption test were performed.
Influences of life history attributes on formation of local and distant fern populations.

Population biology of pteridophytes has attracted considerable attention over the last 20 years as documented in successive reviews by Klekowski (1969), Lloyd (1974b), Klekowski (1979), Page (1979), Haufler (1987), Klekowski (1988), and Cousens (1988). Yet much remains unknown, particularly with respect to species' specific differences in reproduction and the reflection of these differences in species' demographic and distribution patterns. Homosporous pteridophytes as a group are often considered to be equivalent to one another in their ability to disperse and migrate (Tryon, 1970, 1972, 1986) and superior to seed plants with regard to species' dispersability (Smith, 1972; Tryon, 1986). These views are based primarily upon the presumed ease of dispersal of pteridophyte spores in comparison with seeds and a potential of homosporous ferns to reproduce by single spores capable of producing self-fertile bisexual gametophytes. Indeed, some species have these capabilities; examples of longrange and recent disjunctions and of wide-ranging species are readily found among homosporous pteridophytes (Wagner, 1972; Tryon, 1970, 1972, 1986; Smith, 1972). However, to extrapolate from these species to generalizations encompassing all homosporous pteridophytes obscures significant differences among species imposed by differences in fecundity, habitat requirements, mating systems, and gametophyte ecology (Klekowski, 1969, 1972, 1979, 1988; Lloyd, 1974a, 1974b; Cousens, 1979, 1981; Cousens et al., 1985; Cousens et al., 1988; Schneller, 1975, 1979; Grime, 1985; Farrar, 1976; Farrar & Gooch, 1975; Crist & Farrar, 1983; J. Peck, 1980; C. Peck, 1985). Species-specific characteristics in combination with local habitat characteristics, in fact, determine geographic ranges of fern species that are generally comparable to those of seed plants (Wagner, 1972) and bryophytes (Anderson, 1971; Crum, 1972). In an attempt to elucidate factors differentiating species' abilities to disperse via gametophyte reproduction, we have conducted complementary field and laboratory studies on a number of co-occurring fern species in Central Iowa. For purposes of comparison, we have divided fern life history into a series of successive stages and processes (Table 1), each of which contributes in serial fashion to the species' overall reproductive potential. Most of our work has been conducted at a state preserve where sixteen pteridophyte species are
Height differences in two eucalypt provenances with contrasting levels of aridity

Huge investments are fed into repairing the world's degraded land, placing unparalleled pressure on delivering large quantities of quality seed. One of the most pressing issues is to identify which region to collect seed from and specifically whether local seed has a home‐site advantage, particularly given the pressures of climate change. Recent theoretical recommendations have supported supplementing local seed with seed transferred in an arid‐to‐mesic direction to improve climate resilience of plantings. We tested this recommendation by establishing a reciprocal transplant trial in June 2010 of two seed provenances with contrasting aridity of Eucalyptus socialis, a tree widely used for restoration in Southern Australia. We recorded survival and height over 5 years. The years 2010 and 2011 were particularly wet years at both sites (>1.8 times historical rainfall), but the years 2012–2015 were consistent with long‐term rainfall trends, with the arid site receiving 12–48% less annual rainfall than the mesic site. Only the arid provenance showed a home‐site advantage, and only for height after the two wet years followed by the three drier years. Provenances had similar levels of survival at both sites and did equally well at the mesic site. These results only provide initial evidence to support the recommendation that restoration plantings aiming to incorporate climate resilience should include arid‐to‐mesic transferred seed. Further work is needed to fully explore potential confounding site‐specific effects. Supplementing locally collected seeds with arid‐to‐mesic transferred seed could be important to increase climate resilience of plantings and demands further studies to explore its costs versus benefits.
Deer-Vehicle Collisions: Nationwide Status of State Monitoring Activities and Efforts

We distributed questionnaires to 50 state natural resource agencies in October 1992 to request estimates of deer killed annually on highways, the source of the estimates, and information about methods used to reduce vehicle collisions with deer; 43 agencies responded. Statistics on deer killed by vehicles were highly variable among agencies and were inconsistent among agencies. Despite a limited quantitative basis, the national deer road-kill for 1991 conservatively totaled at least 500,000 deer. Deer road-kills had increased during 1982-1991 in 26 of 29 states that had suitable trend data. Nearly all states had used some type of signs, modified speed limits, fencing, over- and underpasses, reflective apparatus, habitat alteration, or public awareness programs, but few agencies had evaluated performance of those techniques. Approaches that alter deer behavior and movement patterns appear to be the most fruitful for future application and evaluation.
Towards Designing Games for Experimental Protocols Investigating Human-Based Phenomena

Over the past few years scientific research has opened up to the idea of using digital games for human-based studies. Fields such as Neuroscience, Medical and Affective Computing are currently using games to study human-based phenomena. Even though a vast amount of work exists within the field, rarely is the subject of designing such games ever touched upon. In fact a common problem within the field is that the games themselves are often an afterthought, where certain gameplay limitations are never truly acknowledged and tend to be mostly ignored. Thus, this paper intends to provide some game design guidelines to the most common problems found in literature from work specifically using games for human physiological data-collection purposes. Furthermore, a brief description of the most popular physiological recording methods: Skin Conductance (SC), Heart-Rate Variability (HRV), Electromyogram (EMG), Electroencephalogram (EEG) and Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI); are provided as the game-play “limitations” of using such devices are an important factor to take into consideration in the game design process. As such, the objective of this paper is to provide awareness of specific game design limitations found in literature and analyse them from a game design perspective.
Effect of Timer, Top Score and Leaderboard on Performance and Motivation in a Human Computing Game

The development of human computing games requires the implementation of different game mechanics to make them challenging, interesting and motivating. These mechanics are often borrowed from popular video games, but their outcomes on the quality of solutions obtained and player motivation are not fully understood. We analyze the effect of showing a timer, an achievable (top) score and a live leaderboard on players’ scores, puzzle completion time and motivation using different versions of a human computing game. We show that presenting a top score on a puzzle results in better solutions, but at the expense of completion time, whereas the presence of a timer has the opposite outcome. As for the live leaderboard, we have observed an almost significant interaction effect with the timer. This work offers guidance for human computing game developers about what to expect from these different game mechanics, and how players react to them.
Developing a Toolkit to Game Design: The Gamers4Nature Project: from Concept to Artefact

In a context where the involvement of youngers in the development of games is seen as an effective way to promote a deeper identification and engagement with the educational content, the Gamers4Nature project introduces a Toolkit designed to support youngsters in the creation of mobile digital games addressing environmental and biodiversity preservation. The Gamers4Nature Toolkit to Game Design includes a set of resources developed to support younger audiences in the creation of digital games: a Game Construction Cards Set, a Rapid Game Design Document and thematic cards, presented in a cardboard box. This paper reports on the methodological approach used for the design and evaluation of the Toolkit to Game Design. All resources were developed following a participatory design approach, with experts (n=18) and potential end-users (n=83) involved in the design and evaluation process. Preliminary results indicate that the Toolkit to Game Design is seen as an engaging and useful approach to game creation, able to be adopted in schools, Universities and environmental organizations activities.
Will Driverless Cars Produce Walkable Cities for Australia?

Discourse about future Australian cities has changed focus driven by new forms of mobility such as ride-hailing, carsharing and ultimately, driverless cars organised multi-modally through ‘mobility as a service’ providers. A major benefit of these innovations is claimed to be dramatic improvements to the amenity of the public realm. This is said to arise from two key shifts: firstly, a dramatic reduction in the fleet of private cars required to meet future travel demand; secondly, removal of the need for parking, due to smaller vehicle fleets in almost constant circulation. Imagery associated with research, planning and commercial advocacy for driverless cities accentuates re-imagined urban precincts as places where pedestrians and cyclists flourish in vibrant places shared seamlessly with driverless cars and other autonomous vehicles. There is an implication that the path to walkable cities is via driverless cars. After reviewing the literature on AV scenario modelling and its implications, we draw on design research exploring detailed scenarios for driverless cars as primary access to suburban rail stations in Melbourne. The findings question the extent to which walkable urbanism is likely to result in a driverless future. The space required for pick up and drop off arrangements to meet projected future demand scenarios indicate far more land could be required than would be freed up for non-transport uses in station precincts, often the heart of activity centres. Furthermore, international experience shows that vibrant public spaces have been created in contemporary cities without being driven by the needs of driverless cars.
The Practicability Test of CAPM Model in China Security Market

In this paper, the significance of the validity test of CAPM model in China's market is described first, and then the practical application of CAPM model in China's securities market is measured and tested. Finally, the problems existing in the practical application of CAPM model in China's securities market are empirically analyzed.
A Machine-Based Prediction Model of ADHD Using CPT Data

Despite the popularity of the continuous performance test (CPT) in the diagnosis of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), its specificity, sensitivity, and ecological validity are still debated. To address some of the known shortcomings of traditional analysis and interpretation of CPT data, the present study applied a machine learning-based model (ML) using CPT indices for the Prediction of ADHD.Using a retrospective factorial fitting, followed by a bootstrap technique, we trained, cross-validated, and tested learning models on CPT performance data of 458 children aged 6–12 years (213 children with ADHD and 245 typically developed children). We used the MOXO-CPT version that included visual and auditory stimuli distractors. Results showed that the ML proposed model performed better and had a higher accuracy than the benchmark approach that used clinical data only. Using the CPT total score (that included all four indices: Attention, Timeliness, Hyperactivity, and Impulsiveness), as well as four control variables [age, gender, day of the week (DoW), time of day (ToD)], provided the most salient information for discriminating children with ADHD from their typically developed peers. This model had an accuracy rate of 87%, a sensitivity rate of 89%, and a specificity rate of 84%. This performance was 34% higher than the best-achieved accuracy of the benchmark model. The ML detection model could classify children with ADHD with high accuracy based on CPT performance. ML model of ADHD holds the promise of enhancing, perhaps complementing, behavioral assessment and may be used as a supportive measure in the evaluation of ADHD.
The Big Bang of Originality and Effectiveness: A Dynamic Creativity Framework and Its Application to Scientific Missions

This article introduces a theoretical framework to conceptualize the dynamics of the phenomenon of creativity, which is then applied to the specific case of scientific missions for the exploration of the universe. Static definitions of creativity are insufficient for this purpose, as they fail to describe states of creative inconclusiveness as well as the time and culture-dependent estimation of the value of the outcomes of a creative process; therefore, a dynamic definition of creativity is introduced, justified, and adopted to build a dynamic creativity framework. Within this framework, creativity episodes are shown to be mutually interconnected through several mechanisms (past and future concatenation, estimation, and exaptation), to form a dynamic universal creativity process (DUCP), the beginning of which can be traced back to the Big Bang of our universe. The DUCP entails several layers of complexity (material, biological, sociocultural, and artificial), showing that creativity is not only a psychological construct for humans but rather a unifying cosmological principle. Context embeddedness is discussed in-depth, introducing a taxonomy based on the concepts of tightness and looseness as applied to conceptual space and time. This theoretical framework is, then, applied to the discussion of the design, realization, and operations of scientific missions for the exploration of the universe, taking as a reference the terminology adopted by the European Space Agency.