Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Comparing flow cytometry immunophenotypic and immunohistochemical analyses in diagnosis and prognosis of chronic lymphoproliferative disorders: Experience from a Tertiary Care Center

Background: The latest World Health Organization classification incorporates extensive description of immunophenotype of the neoplastic cells while describing chronic lymphoproliferative disorders (CLPDs). The present study was undertaken with an aim to identify and compare the roles of flow cytometry (FCM) and immunohistochemistry (IHC) as modalities of immunophenotyping in the diagnosis of CLPDs. Materials and Methods: Thirty untreated cases of CLPDs were enrolled in the study. Twenty eight cases of B-CLPD were divided into two groups - chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) (21 patients) and non-CLL (7 patients). Peripheral blood/bone marrow aspirate samples were analysed by FCM using various panels of monoclonal antibodies. Immunohistochemical analysis of bone marrow biopsies obtained from these patients was also performed. Results: Panel A of monoclonal antibodies comprising CD5, CD23, CD22, surface membrane immunoglobulin (SmIg), FMC7 and Panel B comprising CD5, CD23, CD22, SmIg, FMC7, CD79b were useful (P < 0.01 and <0.001 respectively) while Panel C comprising CD5, CD23, SmIg, FMC7 and CD79b was not found to be useful in distinguishing CLL from non-CLL (P > 0.05) The concordance rate between FCM and IHC ranged from 80% to 100% for all comparable immunological markers. In all cases of CLPDs, we propose a screening panel comprising 9 markers including CD19, CD5, CD23, FMC7, CD10, CD20, CD3, kappa and lambda, which are important for specifying the lineage (B or T), to differentiate CLL from non-CLL group and for deciding the secondary panel. Conclusion: Scoring system using CD5, CD23, CD22, FMC7, CD79b, and SmIg is useful in differentiating CLL from non-CLL cases. Concordance rate of FCM and IHC in CLPDs is 93.3%. Using a panel comprising CD19, CD5, CD23, FMC7, CD10, CD20, CD3, kappa and lambda, a diagnosis of CLL, mantle cell, and follicular lymphoma, the three most common CLPDs can be made. Secondary panels for diagnosis of hairy cell leukemia and T-cell CLPD should be utilized.
Intake of nutrients associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease in a Spanish population

The daily intake of nutrients associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease was assessed in Spain to provide current data on adequance to the Spanish nutritional objectives and recommendations. The energy and nutrient distribution throughout the day was also determined. Nutrient intake data of 100 people (24 males and 76 females) aged 20-40 years living in Ponferrada (León, northwest Spain) were calculated from seven non-consecutive daily dietary records using Spanish food composition tables. The survey was carried out in the autumn of 2001. The average energy (E) intake was 2906.67 kcal (12.16 MJ)/day among men and 2106.95 kcal (8.82 MJ)/day among women, with total fat accounting for 39.21 E% (men) and 38.96 E% (women). Average saturated fatty acids (SFA), monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) were 13.03, 15.51 and 6.22 E% (men), and 12.20, 15.58 and 7.10 E% (women). The SFA:MUFA:PUFA ratios were 2.1:2.5:1.0 (men) and 1.7:2.2:1.0 (women), with adequate essential fatty acids (FA) amounts. PUFA n-3 FA daily intake (2.46 g and 1.68 g for men and women, respectively) was adjusted to the recommended levels, with a n-6/n-3 ratio of 7.14 (men) and 8.33 (women). Low trans-FA levels were reported both among male (3.10 g/day) and female (2.21 g/day) populations. High daily cholesterol intakes were found (440.87 mg for men and 359.14 mg for women). Average daily intakes of dietary fibre, alcohol, vitamin A, vitamin C and vitamin E, selenium and sodium were 20.14 and 15.68 g, 7.00 and 4.11 g, 736.00 and 739.28 retinol equivalents, 103.45 and 95.24 mg, 8.73 and 7.84 mg, 83.26 and 45.93 μg, and 3777.21 and 2488.12 mg for men and women, respectively. The vitamin E (mg):PUFA (g) ratios were 0.44 (male) and 0.46 (female). Dinner (10.00 p.m. approximately) showed the highest densities (g/1000 kcal) of fat and cholesterol, while breakfast had the highest densities of SFA and trans-FA, both in men and women. Our results advise a decrease in total fat, SFA, n-6 FA, cholesterol and sodium amounts. In contrast, energy intake and consumption of dietetic fibre, vitamins A and E (both sexes) and selenium (women) should be increased in the study population.
Livestock depredation and mitigation methods practised by resident and nomadic pastoralists around Waza National Park, Cameroon

Abstract Conflict between humans and lions Panthera leo is a key factor driving population declines of lions in Africa, especially in communal lands and on the edges of small protected areas. We assessed this conflict in Waza National Park, Cameroon, in 2008 through an interview survey. A total of 207 resident and 174 nomadic pastoralists were interviewed. Results indicated high levels of livestock depredation around the Park, with attacks occurring most often at night. Lions were economically a substantial threat accounting for total losses of EUR 100,000 per annum. Per household, resident pastoralists lost one cow and nomadic pastoralists two cows per annum, equating to c. EUR 260 and 520, respectively. To mitigate these losses resident pastoralists used enclosures for nocturnal protection of their livestock more than nomadic pastoralists, who tended to herd livestock more during pasture. Improved mitigation methods pertaining to herding practice, the use of enclosures and the presence of dogs resulted in a reduction of 25% livestock depredation and 50% cattle depredation. These methods could be further improved, however, education and awareness about the ranging behaviour of lions during different seasons and periods of the day is important for all pastoralists. Additionally, park management needs to be improved through effective law enforcement.
Programmatic features of aging originating in development: aging mechanisms beyond molecular damage?

The idea that aging follows a predetermined sequence of events, a program, has been discredited by most contemporary authors. Instead, aging is largely thought to occur due to the accumulation of various forms of molecular damage. Recent work employing functional genomics now suggests that, indeed, certain facets of mammalian aging may follow predetermined patterns encoded in the genome as part of developmental processes. It appears that genetic programs coordinating some aspects of growth and development persist into adulthood and may become detrimental. This link between development and aging may occur due to regulated processes, including through the action of microRNAs and epigenetic mechanisms. Taken together with other results, in particular from worms, these findings provide evidence that some aging changes are not primarily a result of a build‐up of stochastic damage but are rather a product of regulated processes. These processes are interpreted as forms of antagonistic pleiotropy, the product of a “shortsighted watchmaker,” and thus do not assume aging evolved for a purpose. Overall, it appears that the genome does, indeed, contain specific instructions that drive aging in animals, a radical shift in our perception of the aging process. —de Magalhães, J. P. Programmatic features of aging originating in development: aging mechanisms beyond molecular damage? FASEB J. 26, 4821–4826 (2012). www.fasebj. org
Most env and gag subtype A HIV-1 viruses circulating in West and West Central Africa are similar to the prototype AG recombinant virus IBNG.

Summary: The genetic subtype was identified in gag and env of 219 HIV-I-positive samples collected in different African countries, 44 from Senegal, 55 from Cameroon, 82 from Gabon, and 38 from Djibouti. In total, 20 (9.1%) samples had discordant subtypes between gag and env, 6 of 44 (13.9%) in Senegal, 4 of 55 (7.2%) in Cameroon, 1 of 38 (2.6%) in Djibouti, and 10 of 82 (12.1%) in Gabon. Subtypes A and G were predominantly involved in the recombination events. Phylogenetic tree analysis of gag showed that an important number of the A sequences form a distinct subcluster with the AG-IBNG prototype strain (a complex A/G mosaic virus): 27 of 32 (84.3%) in Senegal, 12 of 17 (70.6%) in Nigeria, 24 of 39 (61.5%) in Cameroon, and 38 of 70 (54.3%) in Gabon. Full-length genome analysis of 3 and additional sequences in pol for 10 such strains confirmed that they have a similar complex AIG mosaic genomic structure. These data suggest that in West Africa, most probably between 60% and 84% of the subtype A viruses are recombinant AG-IBNG viruses. This finding has potential implications on future vaccine, diagnostic, and treatment strategies. The actual and future role of these viruses in the global pandemic must be monitored in all new molecular epidemiologic studies, a discrimination between subtype A and AG
Population trend and breeding biology of Montagu's Harrier Circus pygargus in a natural vegetation site in northeast Spain

Capsule Reproductive output in a natural habitat was higher than in birds breeding in cereal crops, highlighting the importance of natural habitats for the species. Aims To evaluate breeding in a natural habitat in inland Castellon province, Spain, and compare breeding parameters with other European populations. Methods Breeding population size in inland Castellon was recorded between 1981 and 2003. A logistic growth model was used to describe population increase. We also calculated clutch size, brood size, productivity, percentage of successful nests and fledging success for the period 1989–2003. Results Population size increased from three pairs in 1981 to 98 pairs in 2003. During 1989–2003, productivity (2.74 ± 1.49 fledglings/pair) and percentage of successful nests (84.%) were higher than observed in other European populations. Conclusions Our results show the importance of our study area for the conservation of this species in the Iberian Peninsula, as it might act as a source of colonists for other areas. Food and protection against predators might explain the high breeding output, which may in turn explain the rapid population growth in the area. The study also suggests that natural habitats might be important for the species elsewhere.
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION, in situ AND in vitro DEGRADATION OF Kochia scoparia IN RELATION TO DATE OF SOWING AND AGE OF CUT

SUMMARY The Kochia scoparia is an alternative source of medium-quality protein for food in ruminants, for this, it is important to know its chemical composition and its degradation and fermentation in the rumen, as this can vary depending on the date of establishment and cutting age. In the present study evaluated the chemical composition. The degradation assessment was performed using the technique of in vitro gas production and ruminal in sacco degradation. The Kochia scoparia cultured on three dates (D) of sowing(D1, 07/12/2001; D2, 06/01/2002; and D3, 05/02/2002) and the cut was made at two different ages (78 to 119 days post sowing, C1 and C2, respectively). OM content (g 100g DM) was higher (p ≤ 0.05) for D1 (90.8) Than for D2 and D3 (89.1) and CP content exchange between due dates, (P≤0.05) D3 > D2 > D1 (16.4, 15.3, 13.3 %, respectively) the in vitro production of gas(ml gas g -1 DM)was not different(P≥0.05) between planting dates (185) but for cuts(P≤0.05), being C1 > C2 (199.6
FcγRIIIa-158V/F Polymorphism Influences the Binding of IgG by Natural Killer Cell FcγRIIIa, Independently of the FcγRIIIa-48L/R/H Phenotype

We analyzed a genetic polymorphism of Fc gamma receptor IIIa (CD16) that is present on position 158 (Phe or Val) in the membrane-proximal, IgG-binding domain. With a polymerase chain reaction-based allele-specific restriction analysis assay we genotyped 87 donors and found gene frequencies of 0.57 and 0.43 for Fc gammaRIIIA-158F and -158V, respectively. A clear linkage was observed between the Fc gammaRIIIA-158F and -48L genotypes on the one hand and the Fc gammaRIIIA-158V and -48H or -48R genotypes on the other hand (chi2 test; P < .001). To determine the functional consequences of this Fc gammaRIIIa-158V/F polymorphism, we performed IgG binding experiments with natural killer (NK) cells from genotyped donors. All donors were also typed for the recently described triallelic Fc gammaRIIIa-48L/R/H polymorphism. NK cells were treated with lactic acid to remove cell-associated IgG. Fc gammaRIIIa(NK)-158F bound significantly less IgG1, IgG3, and IgG4 than did Fc gammaRIIIa(NK)-158V, irrespective of the Fc gammaRIIIa-48 phenotype. Moreover, freshly isolated NK cells from Fc gammaRIIIa-158VV individuals carried significantly more cytophilic IgG than did NK cells from Fc gammaRIIIa-158FF individuals. In addition, CD16 monoclonal antibody (MoAb) MEM154 bound more strongly to Fc gammaRIIIa-158V, compared with -158F, again independently of the Fc gammaRIIIa-48 phenotype. The binding of MoAb B73.1 was not influenced by the Fc gammaRIIIa-158V/F polymorphism, but proved to depend solely on the amino acid present at position 48 of Fc gammaRIIIa. In conclusion, the previously reported differences in IgG binding among the three Fc gammaRIIIa-48L/R/H isoforms are a consequence of the linked, biallelic Fc gammaRIIIa-158V/F polymorphism at amino-acid position 158.
Clostridium botulinum in Sweden and the Adjacent Waters

Summary Cl. botulinum type E is ubiquitous in Sweden and the adjacent seas. It is of terrestrial origin and is the dominant type in the Baltic's catchment area. The Baltic is thus a reservoir for type E organisms, which spread to neighbouring waters. The high frequency of type E organisms in the peel of stored potatoes may be regarded as one of the most definite indications of the terrestrial origin of this clostridium.
Avaliação de famílias de crianças e adolescentes submetidos à gastrostomia

The study aimed to understand the structure, operation and development families, to identify social support networks for the care of the child and adolescent submitted to gastrostomy, and to describe difficulties and facilities faced in this experience. We used the Calgary Family Assessment Model as theoretical reference, we added it to the semi-structured interview as research instrument; and we used Narrative Analysis as method. The uses of the technological device affect caregivers and their routines, and establish a relationship of renounce and donation with the gastrectomy patient. Difficulty was found to accept that their children are not fed normally. The main setbacks referred to the lack of knowledge and training for specific homecare. Support is limited. This study allowed better comprehension of experiences from families and showed that the use of a technological device brings benefits to the child’s health, thus, it is a difficult process to be accepted at first.
Riqueza y diversidad de especies de aves asociadas a manglar en tres sistemas lagunares en la región costera de Oaxaca, México

Se documento la riqueza y diversidad avifaunistica mediante capturas y conteos en las lagunas de Chacahua, Manialtepec y La Ventanilla. La diversidad de Shannon-Wiener se comparo mediante pruebas t de Hutcheson y la similitud de la riqueza avifaunistica y se determinaron diferencias entre la abundancia de especies. Se generaron curvas de acumulacion de especies y se estimo la riqueza con el indicador de cobertura basado en frecuencia. Se registraron 17 ordenes, 39 familias y 94 especies: 69 residentes y 25 migratorias. La abundancia no presento diferencias (p>0.05). Hubo diferencias en la diversidad de especies entre las lagunas; La Ventanilla presento la mas elevada (3.51). La mayor similitud se obtuvo entre Chacahua y Manialtepec con 56% y la menor entre Manialtepec y La Ventanilla con 42%. La riqueza y proporcion de especies residentes y migratorias fue similar en las 3 areas; no obstante, por la baja similitud, se infiere que la diferencia en la composicion de especies es significativa y que existe la posibilidad de registrar otras. Esta informacion complementa estudios previos, representa un inventario actualizado e indica que la avifauna asociada a manglar no se ha documentado totalmente.
[Ingestive behavior nycterohemeral patterns of dairy cows, at the beginning and at the end of lactation, fed a corn silage based diet]

The effects of the stage of lactation upon the ingestive behavior nycterohemerat patterns were evaluated with eight dairy cows eating a corn silage based diet. Spectral analysis was performed through application of the finite Fourier transformation upon hourly duration of eating or ruminating time series. Variance analysis and inspection of phase diagrams and periodograms were done upon modified data. The mean meal duration and dry matter intake were larger while the unitary ruminating time was inferior at the beginning than at the end of the lactation. Nycterohemeral patterns of time spent eating or ruminating at the beginning and at the end of lactation followed mainly periodicities of, respectively, 24, 12, 8 and 4 hours and 24, 12 and 8 hours. A significant effect of stage of lactation was observed at the rhythm component 4 for both time spent eating and ruminating. Lactation stage affected some parameters of ingestive behavior and its rhythmicity patterns.
Immunomodulatory effects of Pimpinella anisum L. (Aniseed) in Broiler Chicks against Newcastle Disease and Infectious Bursal Disease Viruses

Pimpinella anisum L. (Anis) se utiliza principalmente como un estimulante inmunologico, promotor del crecimiento, antifungico, y antibacteriano, en muchos paises durante siglos. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar el efecto inmunomodulador de anis contra la enfermedad de Newcastle (ND) y la enfermedad de la bursitis infecciosa (IBD). El efecto inmunomodulador de anis contra los virus ND y e IBD se determinaron mediante la modificacion del ensayo de inhibicion de la migracion de celulas del bazo y recuento diferencial de leucocitos de la inmunidad celular. La inhibicion de la hemaglutinacion y hemaglutinacion indirecta se utilizaron para la medicion de la respuesta inmune humoral contra el virus de ND e IBD, respectivamente. El presente estudio sugiere que la adicion de anis a la dieta basal a la tasa de 0,5 g/kg y 1 g/kg de alimentacion tuvo una mejor actividad inmunomoduladora tanto para las respuestas inmunes humorales como celulares. Sin embargo, a dosis mas altas de anis tuvo efectos adversos. El anis posee una importante actividad inmunomoduladora cuando se anade en dosis mas bajas, es decir, 0,5 g/kg y 1 g/kg
Occupancy and abundance of large macaws in the Beni savannahs, Bolivia

Abstract Monitoring of wild populations is central to species conservation and can pose a number of challenges. To identify trends in populations of parrots, monitoring programmes that explicitly take detectability into account are needed. We assessed an occupancy model that explicitly accounted for detectability as a tool for monitoring the large macaws of Bolivia's Beni savannahs: the blue-throated Ara glaucogularis, blue-and-yellow Ara ararauna and red-and-green macaws Ara chloropterus. We also evaluated the joint presence of the three macaw species and estimated their abundance in occupied areas. We modelled occupancy and detection for the three macaw species by combining several site and visit covariates and we described their conditional occupancy. Macaws occupied two thirds of the surveyed area and at least two species occurred together in one third of this area. Probability of detection was 0.48–0.86. For each macaw species, occupancy was affected by the abundance of the other two species, the richness of cavity-nesting species, and the distance to the nearest village. We identified key priority areas for the conservation of these macaws. The flexibility of occupancy methods provides an efficient tool for monitoring macaw occupancy at the landscape level, facilitating prediction of the range of macaw species at a large number of sites, with relatively little effort. This technique could be used in other regions in which the monitoring of threatened parrot populations requires innovative approaches.
Epolones induce erythropoietin expression via hypoxia-inducible factor-1α activation

Induction of erythropoietin (Epo) expression under hypoxic conditions is mediated by the heterodimeric hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1. Following binding to the 3' hypoxia-response element (HRE) of the Epo gene, HIF-1 markedly enhances Epo transcription. To facilitate the search for HIF-1 (ant)agonists, a hypoxia-reporter cell line (termed HRCHO5) was constructed containing a stably integrated luciferase gene under the control of triplicated heterologous HREs. Among various agents tested, we identified a class of substances called epolones, which induced HRE-dependent reporter gene activity in HRCHO5 cells. Epolones are fungal products known to induce Epo expression in hepatoma cells. We found that epolones (optimal concentration 4-8 micromol/L) potently induce HIF-1 alpha protein accumulation and nuclear translocation as well as HIF-1 DNA binding and reporter gene transactivation. Interestingly, the activity of a compound related to the fungal epolones, ciclopirox olamine (CPX), was blocked after addition of ferrous iron. This suggests that CPX might interfere with the putative heme oxygen sensor, as has been proposed for the iron chelator deferoxamine mesylate (DFX). However, about 10-fold higher concentrations of DFX (50-100 micromol/L) than CPX were required to maximally induce reporter gene activity in HRCHO5 cells. Moreover, structural, functional, and spectrophotometric data imply a chelator:iron stoichiometry of 1:1 for DFX but 3:1 for CPX. Because the iron concentration in the cell culture medium was determined to be 16 micromol/L, DFX but not CPX function can be explained by complete chelation of medium iron. These results suggest that the lipophilic epolones might induce HIF-1 alpha by intracellular iron chelation. (Blood. 2000;96:1558-1565)
The use of otoliths and larval abundance for studying the spatial ecology of the blenny Scartichthys viridis (Valenciennes, 1836) in coastal central Chile

Numerosos estudios en ecologia marina se han enfocado en evaluar que determina la estructura espacial y variabilidad temporal de los organismos que habitan la zona costera e intermareal. Nuestros resultados sugieren que individuos de Scartichthys viridis, separados espacialmente por una escala mayor a los 200 km, deberian ser demograficamente independientes, manteniendo actividades reproductivas y dinamicas poblacionales propias. Esta segregacion espacial es sugerida a partir del analisis de elementos traza en los otolitos de reclutas, obtenidos simultaneamente de las localidades de Los Molles e Isla Negra, Chile central. Considerando el potencial de dispersion (92-106 dias), basado en el conteo de micro incrementos diarios en otolitos, ambas poblaciones podrian estar conectadas. Sin embargo, la distribucion vertical selectiva de sus estadios larvales favoreceria su retencion cerca de las areas donde eclosionaron. Aunque el presente estudio no determina en particular los mecanismos biofisicos involucrados en la distribucion larval, propone alternativas que pueden responder a tal interrogante. Estos resultados sientan un precedente para futuros estudios que permitan determinar explicitamente segregacion poblacional a escalas espaciales menores, asi como el o los mecanismos biofisicos que determinan el transporte, dispersion larval y conectividad poblacional de peces costeros intermareales.