Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Modelling of device structure effects on electrical crosstalk in back illuminated CMOS compatible photodiodes

Standard CMOS fabrication processes provide the means to realize the further development of back illuminated photodiode arrays for imaging systems. We have simulated crosstalk effects in a back illuminated CMOS compatible photodiode array, and compared this effect with that predicted for front illuminated arrays, using a two dimensional simulation model. It was found that the crosstalk in back illuminated arrays is generally greater than that for front illuminated arrays with identical structure, although this effect can be reduced by decreasing the thickness of the array. The n-well junction depth had little effect on the crosstalk predicted for the back illuminated case.
Establishment of a Monoclonal Antibody-Based Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay to Measure Soluble B7-H5 in Patients with Cancer

B7-H5, an immune checkpoint molecule, is markedly upregulated in multiple cancers and plays an important role in tumor progression and immune escape. However, the expression and significance of soluble B7-H5 (sB7-H5) in cancer remain unclear. Herein, we generated two novel mouse anti-human B7-H5 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) 2E5 and 7B10, which had different epitopes. Based on the two mAbs, a sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) system was developed. Using this ELISA, we found that compared with healthy controls (HCs), sB7-H5 levels were significantly increased in the serum of patients with gastric cancer (GC), colorectal cancer (CRC), and lung cancer (LC) and were associated with TNM stage and metastasis. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis showed that sB7-H5 has diagnostic value for GC, CRC, and LC. Collectively, our findings delineate that sB7-H5 may be used as a predictor for diagnosis of cancer and a potential therapeutic target for cancer treatment.
New neighborhood search structures for the capacitated minimum spanning tree problem

The capacitated minimum spanning tree problem is to find a minimum cost spanning tree with an additional cardinality constraint on the sizes of the subtrees incident to a given root node. The capacitated minimum spanning tree problem arises as a fundamental subproblem in many telecommunication network design problems. The capacitated minimum spanning tree problem is a hard combinatorial problem and existing exact algorithms can solve only small size problems. Therefore, there has been substantial interest in developing heuristic procedures for this problem. Currently, the best available heuristic procedures for the CMST problem are the tabu search algorithms due to Amberg et al. [1996] and Sharaiha et al. [1997]. These algorithms use neighborhood structures that are based on exchanging a single node or a set of nodes between two subtrees. In this paper, we generalize their neighborhood structures to allow exchanges of nodes among multiple subtrees simultaneously. Our first neighborhood structure allows exchanges of single nodes among several subtrees. Our second neighborhood structure allows exchanges that involve multiple subtrees. The size of each of these neighborhood structures grows exponentially with the problem size. To search the neighborhood efficiently we transform each feasible exchange into a "subset-disjoint" cycle in a graph, called the improvement graph. Our approach, which is based on the cyclic transfer neighborhood structure of Thompson and Orlin [1989], transforms a profitable exchange into a negative cost subsetdisjoint cycle in the improvement graph. We heuristically identify these cycles by a modification of the shortest path label-correcting algorithm. Our computational results with local improvement and tabu search algorithms based on these neighborhood structures are very encouraging. For the unit demand case, our algorithms obtained the best known solutions for all benchmark instances, and improved some. For the heterogeneous demand case, our algorithms improved the best known solutions for most of the benchmark instances, with improvements by as much as 18%. 1Industrial & Systems Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 3261 1. 2 Sloan School of Management, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139. 3 Operations Research Center, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139.
Effect of Irrigation Frequency during Greenhouse Production on the Postproduction Quality of Petunia hybrida Vilm.1,2

‘Coral Sea’ petunia plants were irrigated at “low” frequency (surface media dry, soil moisture = −4 to −10 bars), “normal” frequency (surface media moist, soil moisture = −0.8 to −3 bars) or “high” frequency (surface media wet, soil moisture > −0.6 bars) during production. Postproduction quality was evaluated under cool (10°C day, 10° night), moderate (20° day, 20° night), or hot (30° day, 20° night) temperature postproduction environments. Frequency of irrigation was not significant when plants were placed in cool postproduction environments. In moderate or hot postproduction conditions, plants irrigated with high frequency declined in quality most rapidly. Low moisture-treated plants had slower flower development and senescence, greater dry weight, and better overall visual quality than plants with other moisture treatments.
Fecundity of Crosses Between Tetraploid and Hexaploid Vaccinium

The purpose of this study was to compare the relative fecundity of tetraploid × hexaploid and hexaploid × tetraploid crosses in blueberry. Four types of crosses were made using cultivars and advanced breeding lines consisting largely of V. ashei Reade (6×) and V. corymbosum L. (4×). Fruit set, number of developed seeds per ripe berry, and number of seedlings per pollinated flower were determined. Tetraploid × hexaploid crosses averaged as high in percent fruit set as tetraploid × tetraploid crosses, but seed number per ripe fruit was only 29% as high and seedling number per pollinated flower only 35% as high. Hexaploid × tetraploid crosses, by contrast, set only 48% as much fruit as hexaploid × hexaploid crosses. Despite reduced fruit set, hexaploid × tetraploid crosses averaged almost as high in number of seedlings produced per pollinated flower as the reciprocal cross. In both types of cross, the success rate strongly depended on the particular genotypes used in crossing. The overall success rate from crosses between tetraploid and hexaploid clones was 2.32 seedlings per pollinated flower, which is high enough to allow production of large pentaploid populations for use in breeding.
The Effects of Rainfall and Irrigation Management on Citrus Juice Quality in Texas1

Juice yield, degrees Brix (soluble solids), citric acid, suspended solids, L-ascorbic acid (Vitamin C), pH, and naringin content in grapefruit were measured from 1969–1975 on 2 sizes of ‘Marrs’ and ‘Valencia’ oranges, Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck, and ‘Ruby Red’ grapefruit, C. paradisi Macf. , subjected to 4 irrigation management regimes in an area where rainfall contributes about half the annual water requirement. Irrigation main effects in individual years were influenced by variable annual amounts and seasonal distribution of rainfall. Vitamin C, juice yield, pH, and suspended solids were only occasionally affected by irrigation treatment. Citric acid content of ‘Valencia’ orange juice was consistently higher and the citric acid and Brix of grapefruit juice were usually higher in the 2 less frequently irrigated treatments, regardless of rainfall. Among-years analyses of variance showed significant reductions in Brix, citric acid, and suspended solids with increased frequency of irrigation for all cultivars.
Some abstract results on the existence of bounded Palais-Smale sequences

Without compactness assumptions, we prove some abstract results which show that a $C^{1}$ functional $I:X\rightarrow \mathbb{R}$ on a Banach space $X$ admits bounded Palais-Smale sequences provided that it exhibits some geometric structure of minimax type and a suitable behaviour with respect to some sequence of continuous mappings $\psi _{n}:X\rightarrow X$. This work is a preliminary version of a forthcoming paper, where applications to nonlinear equations without Ambrosetti-Rabinowitz type assumptions will also be given.
Computer vision in aquaculture: a case study of juvenile fish counting

ABSTRACT In aquaculture breeding or production programmes, counting juvenile fish represents a considerable cost in terms of the human hours needed. In this study, we explored the use of two state-of-the-art machine learning architectures (Single Shot Detection, hereafter SSD and Faster Regions with convolutional neural networks, hereafter Faster R-CNN) to augment a manual image-based juvenile fish counting method for the Australasian snapper (Chrysophrys auratus) bred at The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited. We tested model accuracy after tuning for confidence thresholds and non-maximal suppression overlap parameters, and implementing a bias correction using a Poisson regression model. Validation of image data showed that after tuning, bias-corrected SSD and Faster R-CNN models had mean absolute percent errors (MAPE) of less than 10%, with SSD having MAPE of less than 5%. Comparison of the results with those from manual counts showed that, while manual counts are slightly more accurate (MAPE = 1.56), the machine learning methods allow for more rapid assessment of counts and thus facilitating a higher throughput. This work represents a first step for deploying machine learning applications to an existing real-life aquaculture scenario and provides a useful starting point for further developments, such as real-time counting of fish or collecting additional phenotypic data from the source images.
Quality of the operations of reduced soil tillage and coffee seedlings transplating

Soil tillage done with quality and conservation techniques are essential for the development of the coffee crop, as well as mechanized transplanting seedlings. The objective of this study was to evaluate the operational quality of mechanized sets for the reduced soil tillage and mechanized transplanting of coffee seedlings through quality indicators, using statistical process control. This study was carried out in the municipality of Matao – SP, Brazil. Operational and quality assessment were reflected in a sampling grid of 48 points spaced at 7.0 mx 20.0 m, and evaluated the operation of reduced soil tillage and transplanting seedlings by means of speed, slippage and alignment error of machinery. All variables showed asymmetric probability distribution and proved unstable as to statistical process control. The quality of operations of reduced soil tillage and mechanized transplanting of coffee seedlings proved all committed to quality indicators, due to the instability detected by statistical process control. The operation reduced soil tillage and mechanized transplanting of coffee seedlings skating show values below the ideal.
18.7 GHz tropospheric scintillation and simultaneous rain attenuation measured at Spino d'Adda and Darmstadt with Italsat

We present experimental results on the relationship between rain attenuation and simultaneous scintillation, obtained with measurements of attenuation time series at 18.7 GHz, collected in two slant paths to Italsat (13.2° E): at Spino d'Adda (Italy, a 37.7° slant path, times series of 50 samples/s and 1 sample/s) and Darmstadt (Germany, a 32.7° slant path, 1 sample/s). We have found that the average rain attenuation A (dB) and the average standard deviation σm (dB) in 1‐min intervals (calculated from the 1 sample/s time series), of the scintillation standard deviation σ (dB), are linked by a power law σm = C3aA, or by the more refined model σm = C3bA, that can be due to an effective thin layer of turbulence aloft. The constants C3a,3b can be estimated by applying the ITU−R formula for scintillation predictions. For conservative design, a best fit model of the conditional standard deviation of σ is also provided, as a function of A, as σs = CsAd (dB), where Cs and d are constants.
Spectral variability in faint high-frequency peakers

We present the analysis of simultaneous multi-frequency Very Large Array (VLA) observations of 57 out of 61 sources from the ‘faint’ high-frequency peaker (HFP) sample carried out in various epochs. Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) data have been used to identify the optical counterpart of each radio source. From the analysis of the multi-epoch spectra, we find that 24 sources do not show evidence of spectral variability, while 12 objects do not possess a peaked spectrum anymore at least in one of the observing epochs. Among the remaining 21 sources showing some degree of variability, we find that in eight objects the spectral properties change consistently with the expectation for a radio source undergoing adiabatic expansion. The comparison between the variability and the optical identification suggests that the majority of radio sources hosted in galaxies likely represent the young radio source population, whereas the majority of those associated with quasars are part of a different population similar to flat-spectrum objects, which possess peaked spectra during short intervals of their life, as found in other samples of high-frequency peaking objects. The analysis of the optical images from the SDSS points out the presence of companions around six HFP hosted in galaxies, suggesting that young radio sources reside in groups.
Fostering Secondary School Students' Critical Thinking Skills through Social Studies Learning by Group Investigation Model

This disruption era needs every student mastering critical thinking skills as the basis to maintain the competence. The central point that can be done to grow these skills is through education. This study aims to test the improvement of students' critical thinking skills through social sciences learning by Group Investigation model in VIII class containing 20 students. This study uses the Kemmis and McTaggart model of Classroom Action Research. The research instrument was in the form of observation sheets and tests which were analyzed using a comparative descriptive approach. The results of the study indicate that social studies learning by Group Investigation model can improve students' critical thinking skills, with the following implications; (1) The condition of critical thinking skills of pre-cycle students by 40% are in the less condition, and 35% are in the sufficient category; (2) In the first cycle, the students' critical thinking skills below the minimum standard have been reduced to 25%; (3) Then, only 15% of students have critical thinking skills below the minimum standard. This study recommends to another researcher try to find out another learning methods and models to improve students' critical thinking skills.
Risk Factors for Mortality and Outcomes in Hematological Malignancy Patients with Carbapenem-Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae Bloodstream Infections

Background This study aimed to identify risk factors for mortality and outcomes in hematological malignancy (HM) patients with bloodstream infection (BSI) caused by carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP). Methods A retrospective study was conducted at a tertiary teaching hospital in Henan Province, China, between January 2018 and December 2021. All BSIs caused by CRKP in hospitalized HM patients were identified. Data on patient demographics, disease, laboratory tests, treatment regimens, outcomes of infection, and the antimicrobial susceptibility of each isolate were collected from medical records. Results A total of 129 patients with CRKP BSI were included in the study, and the 28-day mortality rate was 80.6% (104/129). In Cox analysis an absolute neutrophil count < 500 at discharge (hazard ratio [HR] 6.386, 95% confidence interval [CI] 3.074–13.266, p < 0.001), intensive care unit admission (HR 1.834, 95% CI 1.065–3.157, p = 0.029), and higher Pitt bacteremia score (HR 1.185, 95% CI 1.118–1.255, p < 0.001) were independent risk factors associated with 28-day mortality. Survival curve analysis indicated that compared with ceftazidime-avibactam-based therapy, both polymyxin b (HR 8.175, 95% CI 1.099–60.804, p = 0.040) and tigecycline (HR 14.527, 95% CI 2.000–105.541, p =0.008) were associated with a higher risk of mortality. Conclusion In HM patients CRKP BSI resulted in high mortality. Intensive care unit admission, higher Pitt bacteremia score, and absolute neutrophil count < 500 at discharge were independently associated with higher mortality. Early initiation of new agents such as ceftazidime-avibactam may improve outcomes.
Evaluating Intelligent Methods for Detecting COVID-19 Fake News on Social Media Platforms

The advent of Internet-based technology has made daily life much easy than earlier days. The exponential rise in the popularity of social media platforms has not only connected people from faraway places, but has also increased communication among humans. However, in several instances, social media platforms have also been utilized for unethical and criminal activities. The propagation of fake news on social media during the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has deteriorated the mental and physical health of people. Therefore, to control the flow of fake news regarding the novel coronavirus, several studies have been undertaken to automatically detect the fake news about COVID-19 using various intelligent techniques. However, different studies have shown different results on the performance of the predicting models. In this paper, we have evaluated several machine learning and deep learning models for the automatic detection of fake news regarding COVID-19. The experiments were carried out on two publicly available datasets, and the results were assessed using several evaluation metrics. The traditional machine learning models produced better results than the deep learning models in predicting fake news.
Highly efficient dye‐sensitized solar cells for wavelength‐selective greenhouse: A promising agrivoltaic system

In trying to solve simultaneously the energy and food crisis, the concept proposed by Agriculture 4.0, namely a combination between the agriculture and the solar energy could provide a possible solution. The wavelength‐selective greenhouse could be a promising agrivoltaic system if the trade‐off between photovoltaic roofs and plants will be achieved. Using less studied solar cells as an electricity source for an autonomous greenhouse, this study has demonstrated experimentally that the requirements imposed by a greenhouse can be provided by a DSSC using an affordable commercial yellow dye. The successful implementation of DSSC in autonomous greenhouses is conditioned by three main requirements, and that are the transparency of the entire Photosynthetic Active Radiation (PAR) domain along with high UV absorption, high efficiency of the solar cell, and sustainability during the whole year. The best DSSC has proved a high absorption of UV radiation, closely by 90%, a transparency of the DSSCs preserved on the whole PAR domain and achieved a photovoltaic efficiency two times higher than the best efficiency reported for this dye so far. Furthermore, by preserving the maximum efficiency of almost 5% under the light intensity in the range 50 to 100 mW/cm2, the sustainability of our DSSC over the whole year has been demonstrated.
Behavioral, physiological, and blood biochemistry of Friesian Holstein dairy cattle at different altitudes in West Java, Indonesia

Abstract. Tanuwiria UH, Susilawati I, Tasrifin DS, Salman LB, Mushawwir A. 2021. Behavioral, physiological, and blood biochemistry of Friesian Holstein dairy cattle at different altitudes in West Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 23: 533-539. For dairy cows, the study of physiological aspects and those related to it is very important based on altitude. The data of this study are the main considerations to determine the ability of homeostasis, prediction of production and appropriate feed management. This study aims to examine the behavior, physiological abilities, and blood plasma biochemistry of sixty dairy cows. It was conducted using three locations in West Java Province based on topography, namely: (i) location with topography 350-500 meters above sea level (masl): Sukabumi Regency; (ii) location with topography 550-750 masl: Sumedang Regency; and (iii) locations with topography > 800 masl: Bandung Regency. Furthermore, 5 mL of blood samples were taken accurately, using a syringe and a 5 mL tube containing EDTA, respectively. Blood sampling was taken carefully from the jugular vein of dairy cows at the beginning of every month for six sampling periods. After each collection, the whole blood was separated from the plasma directly using a centrifuge, with a speed of 4500 ppm for 7 minutes. The plasma obtained was used to measure the value of blood biochemistry related. The plasma analysis was conducted using a Kenza 240TX model spectrophotometer. The procedure for analyzing blood samples followed the instructions listed in the randox and biolabo kits. Furthermore, behavioral and thermoregulation measurements were performed every week during this research. The results showed an increase in dairy cows' time spent lying and drinking at low altitudes compared to dairy cows at high altitudes. In contrast, rumination and feeding activities were decreased, as shown in the blood's physiological response and biochemical profile. Dairy cows appear to be more challenging to adjust physiologically at lower altitudes.
The Use of Persuasive In-Car Technology to Persuade Drivers at the Tactical Level

The use of in-car technology has become more prevalent, both as driver assistance systems as well as connectivity or entertainment systems. Driver assistance systems can be built-in, after-market or run on a smartphone. The challenge however, is to increase drivers’ compliance with these systems. Stimulating the driver to adopt certain behaviours over others is a growing area within driver assistance systems. These approaches have the potential to be very effective, but only when they attract or persuade road users to use it. This study has two main aims. The first, is to provide a review of the different approaches in the literature to influence driver behaviour using in-car technology. The second aim is to develop a conceptual model to guide the research efforts on influencing driver behaviour at the tactical level. A structured review was conducted exploring the literature available in the automotive, behavioural and traffic safety domains. First, we explored the available psychological models that describe behaviour and their applicability to the driving task. Following this, we investigated the methodological ways used to influence behaviour with a focus on the traffic domain. Finally, a conceptual model is presented which encompasses the behavioural basis, methods and techniques for influencing the behaviour using in-car technology and the strategic planning of behavioural change technology. The role of driver workload within the model is discussed. Possible applications using the composite model are discussed.
Influence of Tillage, Nitrogen, and Rye Cover Crop on Growth and Yield of Tomatoes1

Field studies were conducted on an Orangeburg sandy loam soil (Typic Paleudults) in central Alabama to determine the effects of tillage methods (complete, strip, and no-tillage), nitrogen rates (100 and 200 kg/ha), and rye (Secale cereale) cover crop on growth and yield of tomatoes (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.). Marketable tomato yields tended to decrease as amount of tillage decreased. The 3-year average yields for complete-tillage, strip-tillage, and no-tillage treatments were 29.9, 27.0, and 26.0 MT/ha, respectively. There was no consistent effect from N-rate on marketable yields. Average yields from the lower N-rate were greater than the higher N-rate in the two driest years and were similar or higher from the higher N-rate in the year of more average rainfall. Marketable yields tended to be greater on no-rye plots than on rye plots, with yields averaging 2.2 MT/ha higher for no-rye plots.