Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Determinants of Dental Caries among Preschool Children in Dessie Town, 2019: A Case-Control Study

Background: The burden of childhood caries in developing countries is continued to be a significant problem and negatively affects the growth of the child. Despite, dental caries is substantially distressing children, there was the paucity of study on associated factors of dental caries in pre-school children in the study situate. Objective: The study intended to determine risk factors of dental caries among preschool children in Dessie town, North East, Ethiopia 2019. Methods: A total of 130 cases and 260 controls were integrated into the study. A systematic random sampling technique was used to select schools. Structured questionnaires were used to collect socio-demographic characteristics, dietary habits, and dental care practices. Dental examination was carried by the trained dental doctor using standard diagnostic guidelines. Analytically crude odds ratios and adjusted odds ratios were performed to test the association between dependent and independent variables. Result: Multivariate logistic regression showed that maternal education below grade 9 (AOR = 3.95% CI = 1.84-1.95), the firstborn children in the family (AOR = 4.95% CI = 1.314), bottle feeding at night (AOR = 6.95% CI = 2.5-15), Children who fed sweet food (AOR = 3.95% CI = 1.7-6.9) and child who fed soft drink (AOR = 5.95% CI = 2.4-10.4) were statistically associated with dental caries. Conclusion: This study concludes that the firstborn child in the family may due to lack of parental familiarity in managing children, feeding at night; using sugar-based food and soft drink were found to be statistically associated risk factors for dental caries in preschool children.
Discharge Outcome and Associated Factors of Severe Pneumonia among Pediatric Patients Admitted to Jimma Medical Center: One-Year Retrospective Study

Citation: Endriyas Kelta Wabalo. , et al. “Discharge Outcome and Associated Factors of Severe Pneumonia among Pediatric Patients Admitted to Jimma Medical Center: One-Year Retrospective Study”. EC Pulmonology and Respiratory Medicine 9.12 (2020): 53-62. *Corresponding Author: Endriyas Kelta Wabalo, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Health, Jimma University, Ethiopia. Received: October 29, 2020; Published: November 25, 2020
A STUDY ON KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDE AND PRACTICE OF EMERGENCY CONTRACEPTIVES AMONG UNDERGRADUATE FEMALE STUDENTS OF POKHARA UNIVERSITY, NEPAL

Name: Sushmita Baral Id. No.: BS15MPH011 Degree: Master of Public Health Semester & Year: Fourth Semester, 2017 Subject: Public Health Department: Centre for Public Health & Healthcare Administration Thesis Title: A Study on Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Emergency Contraceptives among Undergraduate Female Students of Pokhara University, Nepal Guide: Professor Dr. HS Chauhan, Prof. & HoD Co-guide: Dr.NL Gupta, Associate Prof. Abstract A descriptive cross sectional study was carried out among 530 female undergraduate students of Pokhara University to assess knowledge, attitude and practice of emergency contraceptives using self administrated questionnaire. Data was entered and analyzed using SPSS Version 20. Majority of respondents 82.6% (439) had heard about Emergency Contraceptives. The main sources of information were; course of study 46.46 %, mass media 41.2%. Majority of the respondents 86 % had poor level of knowledge. Most of the respondents 68.5 % had positive attitude towards EC . Of the total respondents only 11.4% respondents were found to be sexually active. Among sexually active respondents, majority of them 60 % had ever used. It was observed that there was statistical significant association between age of the respondents and level of knowledge (p=0.000), field of study of the respondents and level of knowledge (p=0.016), living status of the IJ ERA descriptive cross sectional study was carried out among 530 female undergraduate students of Pokhara University to assess knowledge, attitude and practice of emergency contraceptives using self administrated questionnaire. Data was entered and analyzed using SPSS Version 20. Majority of respondents 82.6% (439) had heard about Emergency Contraceptives. The main sources of information were; course of study 46.46 %, mass media 41.2%. Majority of the respondents 86 % had poor level of knowledge. Most of the respondents 68.5 % had positive attitude towards EC . Of the total respondents only 11.4% respondents were found to be sexually active. Among sexually active respondents, majority of them 60 % had ever used. It was observed that there was statistical significant association between age of the respondents and level of knowledge (p=0.000), field of study of the respondents and level of knowledge (p=0.016), living status of the IJ ER International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research Volume 10, Issue 6, June-2019 879 ISSN 2229-5518 IJSER © 2019 http://www.ijser. org respondents and level of knowledge (p=0.002). It signified that age, field of study and living status directly affect to the level of knowledge.
The impact of wind forcing on estuarine circulation

Estuaries are diverse systems characterized by a bidirectional exchange flow, with a near-bottom landward inflow of saline seawater, which is mixed with riverine freshwater and transformed into a near-surface outflow. Aside from the density gradient between the river and the ocean, tidally induced effects, as well as lateral processes, wind is a key mechanism in estuaries. The latter is, contrary to the other drivers listed, often highly variable in magnitude and directionality, raising the question of the sensitivity of the estuarine circulation to wind forcing. The present study shows results describing the influence of wind on the estuarine exchange flow. A newly derived analytical formulation of wind-driven along-estuary velocity profiles motivates a critical basic Wedderburn number (balance of nondimensional wind stress and density gradient) as a measure for the sensitivity of an estuary to wind. Results show that in the idealized stationary solution up-estuary wind stress is able to invert the classical exchange flow direction when the basic Wedderburn number has reached 15%. Numerical simulations suggest that in the presence of tides, and their feedback of varying vertical mixing and stratification on the estuarine circulation, this value increases stepwise to up to approximately 45%, meaning that three times more wind is necessary to invert the circulation. The basic Wedderburn number increases even further to up to values of 130% if lateral effects are additionally taken into account. Realistic simulations of a tidally energetic estuary in the Wadden Sea (60%) and a weakly tidal estuary in the Baltic Sea (33%) confirm the applicability and robustness of the newly developed theory towards transient conditions.
Advanced 1D Temporal Deep Dilated Convolutional Embedded Perceptual System for Fast Car-Driver Drowsiness Monitoring

Recently, Advanced Driver Assistance System solutions (ADAS) are significantly contributing to the increase in driving safety levels. ADAS leverages the capability of taking active control of vehicle to prevent potentially dangerous situations. Specifically, researchers have investigated the analysis of the car driver attention level. Recent reports confirmed that there is an increasing incidence of driving crashes occurred for drowsiness or inattentiveness of the driver. In this regard, several authors suggested to monitor the car driver’s physiological status due to the well known complex correlation between the Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) and the corresponding level of attention. To carry out this study, we used an innovative bio-sensor consisting of a coupled device that includes near-infrared LED emitters and photo-detectors (Silicon PhotoMultiplier device) to assess the driver’s physiological status through the associated PhotoPlethysmGraphy (PPG) signal. We also designed an embedded time-domain hyper-filtering approach combined with a 1D Temporal Convolutional architecture with a progressive dilation setup. The proposed system performs a near real-time classification of the car driver drowsiness achieving impressive results in terms of accuracy (about 96%).
Designing User Engagement With Text-Based Chatbots

A chatbot is a computer program that interacts with humans via auditory or textual methods and is increasingly being adopted to various everyday practices. Although the use of chatbots is increasing, there is little known about the specific chatbot characteristics that influence its user engagement. The aim of this study was to assess how different chatbot characteristics influence the user’s perceptions towards chatbots and, ultimately, relate to user engagement. There were three main goals. The first goal was to assess if different types of response latency are associated with higher levels of perceived humanness. The second goal was to assess if higher levels of social presence can be associated with the inclusion of small talk to a conversation. The third goal was to investigate if the perceived humanness and social presence of chatbot mediate user engagement. For this experiment four chatbots were created using the Facebook Messenger platform. Each chatbot was randomly assigned to the participant. Overall, 196 participants took part in this online experiment. In all conditions, participants answered one Perceived Humanness question and completed the Social Presence questionnaire and the User Engagement Scale. Results show that higher levels of social presence and perceived humanness are associated with higher levels of user engagement with chatbots. Incorporating small talk in a conversation was associated with higher levels of social presence. No significant differences could be obtained between the groups with different response latencies. This research suggests that in order to achieve a higher user engagement with chatbots, chatbot developers should focus more on the creation of a socially oriented communication style, instead of making the chatbot appear as a human-like entity.
H3K27 acetylation activated-COL6A1 promotes osteosarcoma lung metastasis by repressing STAT1 and activating pulmonary cancer-associated fibroblasts

Background: Collagen type VI alpha 1 (COL6A1) has been found to be dysregulated in several human malignancies. However, the role of COL6A1 in osteosarcoma (OS) progression remains largely unclear. Here, we aimed to explore the clinical significance and biological involvement of COL6A1 in the OS cell migration and invasion. Material and Methods: We used immunohistochemistry, qRT-PCR and western blot to detect the expression of COL6A1 in 181 OS patient samples. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) and PCR were carried out to verify the regulatory interaction of p300, c-Jun and COL6A1 promoter. The invasion and migration function of COL6A1 in OS was detected in vitro and in vivo. RNA sequence was performed to detect the downstream pathway of COL6A1, and then co-immunoprecipitation (co-IP), ubiquitination assays and rescue experiments were performed to determine the regulatory effect of COL6A1 and signal transducers and activators of transcription (STAT1). Exosomes derived from OS cell lines were assessed for the ability to promote cancer progression by co-cultured assay and exosomes tracing. Results: COL6A1 was commonly upregulated in OS tissues, especially in lung metastasis tissues, which was associated with a poor prognosis. c-Jun bound p300 increased the enrichment of H3K27ac at the promoter region of the COL6A1 gene, which resulted in the upregulation of COL6A1 in OS. Overexpression of COL6A1 promoted OS cell migration and invasion via interacting with SOCS5 to suppress STAT1 expression and activation in an ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation manner. Most interestingly, we found that exosomal COL6A1 derived from OS cells convert normal fibroblasts to cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) by secreting pro-inflammatory cytokines, including IL-6 and IL-8. The activated CAFs could promote OS cell invasion and migration by mediating TGF-β/COL6A1 signaling pathway. Conclusion: Our data demonstrated that upregulation of COL6A1 activated by H3K27 acetylation promoted the cell migration and invasion by suppressing STAT1 pathway in OS cells. Moreover, COL6A1 can be packaged into OS cell-derived exosomes and activate CAFs to promote OS metastasis.
Tight Bounds for Parallel Paging and Green Paging

In the parallel paging problem, there are p processors that share a cache of size k . The goal is to partition the cache among the processors over time in order to minimize their average completion time. For this long-standing open problem, we give tight upper and lower bounds of Θ(log p ) on the competitive ratio with O (1) resource augmentation. A key idea in both our algorithms and lower bounds is to relate the problem of parallel paging to the seemingly unrelated problem of green paging . In green paging, there is an energy-optimized processor that can temporarily turn off one or more of its cache banks (thereby reducing power consumption), so that the cache size varies between a maximum size k and a minimum size k/p . The goal is to minimize the total energy consumed by the computation, which is proportional to the integral of the cache size over time. We show that any efﬁcient solution to green paging can be converted into an efﬁcient solution to parallel paging, and that any lower bound for green paging can be converted into a lower bound for parallel paging, in both cases in a black-box fashion. We then show that, with O (1) resource augmentation, the optimal competitive ratio for deterministic online green paging is Θ(log p ) , which, in turn, implies the same bounds for deterministic online parallel paging.
Ammophila planting spacing for dune management

Coastal dunes are invaluable natural resources that buffer upland areas. Vegetation is key in dune development and stabilization. Dunes form with sufficient wind, sand source, and obstruction; plants are the ideal obstruction. Storms often erode foredunes and coastal managers replant vegetation to re-establish the necessary obstruction for sand accretion and dune growth. We used a wind tunnel to examine the effect of planting density on bedform formation under constant 18.5 mph (8.25 m/s) winds for 30 min. We filled 1m x 1m x . 3 m deep boxes with sand and then planted Ammophila breviligulata plugs in two densities commonly used in management, 12 inches (30.5 cm) and 18 inches (45.7 cm) on center. Sand was supplied by a downwind 1-inch sand bed to mimic backshore transport. We measured the morphology of each plant and used a 3D sensor to record the topography of the bedforms that formed in association with each plant. The bedforms did not vary in volume or basal area as a function of planting density, but biomass was a significant predictor of volume, with larger plants producing larger bedforms. We observed all accretionary bedforms in our low-density treatment, but both erosion and accretion in the high-density treatments potentially due to an inaccurate measure of pre-experiment base height or interactions among neighbors causing greater turbulent kinetic energy with tighter spacing. Bedform height, accretionary or erosive, did not vary by density, row, plant width, or biomass. The bedform shape, measured as the length to width ratio did vary by density; plants in the low-density treatment, despite being morphologically the same, produced bedforms with longer tails. These differences are likely a function of wind backflow and plant interaction interrupting flow, both of which are reduced with a lower planting density. The bedforms created at the onset of planting are thought to carry over through the life of the dune, such that understanding how density affects bedform shape should be considered when making management decisions. ADDITIONAL
Synthesis and refining of sunflower biodiesel in a cascade of continuous centrifugal contactor separators

The synthesis of fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) from sunflower oil and methanol was studied in a continuous centrifugal contactor separator (CCCS) using sodium methoxide as the catalyst. The effect of relevant process variables like oil and methanol flow rate, rotational speed and catalyst concentration was investigated and modelled using non-linear regression. Good agreement between experiments and model were obtained. At optimised conditions (oil flow rate of 31 mL/min, rotational speed of 34 Hz, catalyst concentration of 1.2%w/w and a methanol flow rate of 10 mL/min), the FAME yield was 94 mol% at a productivity of 2470 kg FAME/m3reactor.h. Proof of principle for the synthesis and subsequent refining of FAME in a cascade of two CCCS devices was also obtained. Relevant properties of the refined FAME obtained using this technology were determined and were shown to meet the ASTM specifications. Practical application: Synthesis and refining of sunflower biodiesel was successfully performed in a cascade of two CSSS devices. Besides for large scale biodiesel production, this technology has particularly potential to be applied in small mobile biodiesel units due to the compact size, robustness, flexibility in operation, and high volumetric productivity of the CCCS devices. Schematic representation of the process concept for continuous synthesis and refining of sunflower biodiesel synthesis in a cascade of continuous centrifugal contactor separators.
Dynamical Systems Around the Rauzy Gasket and Their Ergodic Properties

At the beginning of the 80s, H. Masur and W. Veech started the study of generic properties of interval exchange transformations (IETs) proving that almost every such transformation is uniquely ergodic. About the same time, S. Novikov’s school and French mathematicians independently discovered very intriguing phenomena for classes of measured foliations on surfaces and respective IETs. For instance, minimality is exceptional in these families. A precise version of this statement is a conjecture by Novikov. The French and Russian constructions are very different ones. Nevertheless, in the most simple situation (surfaces of genus three with two singularities) it was recently observed that both foliations share the same type of properties. For instance, the space of minimal parameters is the same, called the Rauzy gasket. However, the precise connection between these two series of works was rather unclear. The aim of this paper is to prove that both theories describe, in different languages, the same objects. This text provides an explicit dictionary between both constructions.
Pressure-induced symmetry lowering in Nb3Sn1−x superconductor

Cubic Pm-3n Nb3Sn0.92 superconductor (T c ∼ 16 K) was found to exhibit tetragonal instabilities at the superconducting state (T = 10 K). These instabilities are manifested through the appearance of reflections which are forbidden in the Pm-3n symmetry but are compatible with the P42/mmc structure which is observed in the Nb3Sn1−x system for higher Sn content at temperatures lower than ∼43 K. Nevertheless, the low-temperature structure of Nb3Sn0.92 remains metrically fully cubic, as concluded from single crystal synchrotron radiation diffraction experiments. Subsequent application of external pressure amplifies the observed instabilities with a resulting pseudo-cubic–tetragonal transformation at P = 3 GPa at 10 K and this transition is energy driven, as concluded from ab initio calculations. The electronic structures of the corresponding phases are virtually identical and, therefore, the pseudo-cubic–tetragonal transformation does not influence significantly the underlying electronic interactions. Consequently, no anomalies in the behavior of the critical temperature, T c, are expected at this pressure. However, anomalies in the upper critical field are anticipated during this transition, in analogy to the corresponding behavior observed during the cubic–tetragonal transformation in Nb3Sn1−x induced by increase in Sn content. Therefore targeted changes in composition could be used to enhance upper critical field of Nb3Sn1−x for specific extreme conditions of temperature and pressure.
PDE comparison principles for Robin problems

Abstract We compare the solutions of two Poisson problems in a spherical shell with Robin boundary conditions, one with given data, and one where the data have been cap symmetrized. When the Robin parameters are nonnegative, we show that the solution to the symmetrized problem has larger convex means. Sending one of the Robin parameters to $+\infty $ , we obtain mixed Robin/Dirichlet comparison results in shells. We prove similar results on balls and prove a comparison principle on generalized cylinders with mixed Robin/Neumann boundary conditions.
Unique recovery of electrical conductivity and magnetic permeability from Magneto-Telluric data.

We present a comprehensive mathematical study of the Magneto-Telluric (MT) method, on bounded domain in $\mathbb{R}^3$. We show that electrical conductivity and magnetic permeability, assumed to be $C^2$, can be uniquely recovered from MT data measured on the boundary of the domain. The proof is based on the construction of complex geometric optics solutions. Furthermore, we obtain a unique determination result in the case when the MT data are measured only on an open subset of the boundary. Here, we assume that the part of the boundary inaccessible for measurements is a subset of a sphere.
An emulator for the Lyman-α forest in beyond-ΛCDM cosmologies

Interpreting observations of the Lyman-α forest flux power spectrum requires interpolation between a small number of expensive simulations. We present a Gaussian process emulator modelling the 1D flux power spectrum as a function of the amplitude and slope of the small-scale linear matter power spectrum, and the state of the intergalactic medium at the epoch of interest (2 < z < 4). This parameterisation enables the prediction of the flux power spectrum in extended cosmological models that are not explicitly included in the training set, eliminating the need to construct bespoke emulators for a number of extensions to ΛCDM. Our emulator is appropriate for cosmologies in which the linear matter power spectrum is described to percent level accuracy by just an amplitude and slope across the epoch of interest, and in the regime probed by eBOSS/DESI data. We demonstrate this for massive neutrino cosmologies, where the emulator is able to predict the flux power spectrum in a Σ mν=0.3 eV neutrino cosmology to sub-percent accuracy, without including massive neutrinos in the training simulations. Further parameters would be required to describe models with sharp features in the linear power, such as warm or light axion dark matter. This work will facilitate the combination of upcoming DESI data with observations of the cosmic microwave background, to obtain constraints on neutrino mass and other extensions to ΛCDM cosmology.