Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Extra-axial central nervous system lesions- a clinicopathological overview

Background: Extra-axial Central Nervous System (CNS) lesions simply abut the CNS from meningeal or juxtameningeal site and include lesions arising from extra-parenchymal elements in CNS including meninges, nerve sheath or midline neur-axial structures confining to sellar region, pineal region and ventricles. Objective: To study extra-axial CNS lesions in terms of frequency, demography, topography and to assess utility of squash cytology to for their rapid diagnosis. Material and Methods: Total 383 cases of all clinically and radiologically suspected and/or histopathologically confirmed cases of extra-axial CNS lesions were studied with above mentioned objectives and resuls were tabulated and analysed. Result: Extra-axial lesions contributed 49.10% cases of all CNS lesions. Of these extra-axial lesions 68% were neoplastic (benign & malignant) and most of these (86.9%) neoplasms were benign. Neoplastic lesions were most commonly seen in 4th -5th decade while non-neoplastic in 1st-3rd decade with equal sex distribution. They were commonly located intracranially (73.36%) than at spinal location. Meninges were most common affected site. Intracranially meningioma (37.09%) and epidermoid cyst (46.38%) were most common neoplastic and non-neoplastic lesions respectively. While schwannoma (39.59%) and tuberculosis (45.28%) were most common neoplastic and non-neoplastic lesion at spinal location respectively. Extra-axial metastatic neoplasms contributed 2.08% of extra-axial CNS lesions. Developmental anomalies were seen in 19.5% cases. 7.28% neoplastic lesions were recurrent of which maximum were pituitary adenomas. In 74.41% cases radiological diagnosis matched exactly with histopathological diagnosis while squash cytology provided exact diagnosis in 89.84% cases. Conclusion: Extra-axial CNS lesions are common, constituting nearly half of the cases of CNS lesions; most of which are intracranial, slow growing, benign neoplasms and squash cytology plays a great role in intra-operative consultation.
Mutational analysis of the transforming protein E8 of bovine papillomavirus type-4 (BPV-4)

The transforming genes of bovine papillomavirus type 4 (BPV-4) are encoded by the E7 and E8 open reading frames (ORFs). E7 is the transforming gene of BPV-4, in that, in co-operation with activated ras, it induces morphological transformation of primary bovine fibroblasts (PalF) in the absence of other viral genes, but the acquisition of anchorage independent growth requires the additional presence of E8. The BPV-4 E8 is a small transforming protein localized to cellular membrane. It consists of two domains: a very hydrophobic region encompassing the first 30 amino acids of the protein, and a second region of mainly hydrophilic amino acids comprising the C terminal 12 residues;. The results in this thesis demonstrated that in addition to the ability of E8 to grow independently of anchorage, PalF cells expressing E8 lose gap junction intercellular communication (GJIC), can grow in low serum, and are not contact inhibited. E8 also transactivates the cyclin A promoter in PalF cells. Mutant forms of E8 were generated to establish if the transforming functions of the protein could be segregated and therefore to define its functional domains. Mutations were introduced both in the hydrophobic domain and in the hydrophilic C-terminal tail, and chimeras with BPV-i E5 were constructed. Cells expressing either E8 wild type or its mutants were analysed for their ability to: morphological transformation, anchorage independent growth, focus formation, cell population growth in low serum, tumorigenicity im nude mice, trans-activation of the cyclin A promoter, binding to ductin and down regulation of GJIC. The analysis of E8 mutants and chimeras constructed with BPV-1 E5 show that the multiple transforming function of E8 can be segregated and that both the hydrophobic domain and the hydrophilic C-terminal tail of E8 are critical for its functions and for the transactivation of the cyclin A promoter. These results
Perception of OSCE Examination in Iraqi Undergraduate Medical Students

ackground: The objective structured clinical examination (OSCE) is an approach to student assessment in which aspects of clinical competence are evaluated in a comprehensive, consistent and structured manner, with close attention to the objectivity of the process. Aims: This study aims to evaluate students‟ perception about the fairness, objectivity, comprehensiveness and overall organization and administration of OSCE in the 4 th year medical students. Methods: 24-item questionnaire was used to gather data regarding perception of students about the quality of OSCE, its fairness and its organization. A 5-point Likert scale, with responses ranging from “strongly agree” to “strongly disagree” was used. Students were asked post exam questions related to positive and negative aspects of the OSCE and to do suggestions for improvement. Results: Out of 71 eligible medical students, 66 (92.9%) completed the survey questionnaire. A sizable proportion of 59.1% of the respondents agreed that OSCE was well administered. 51.5% of the students agreed that the objectives of clinical courses were covered. Significant percent of students 61.8% agreed to the facilitators‟ behavior.36, 4% of the respondents stated that the time allocated for each station was not adequate. 79.4% of the respondents felt that OSCE allowed them to compensate in some areas of their weakness. Great majority of students 81.9% regarded OSCE as a practical and useful assessment tool in early years of medical education. Discussion: It is assumed that overloading the students by trying to assess too many skill subsets of performance at a single station, and inadequate practice at being examined in the OSCE format might have contributed to the dissatisfaction with the time allocation. Conclusion and recommendations: OSCE exam covers most of the objectives of the students , clinical rotation. However, at some stations the students felt that instructions were ambiguous and time allocation was inadequate for the assigned tasks. The overall feedback was very useful and facilitated a critical review of the process. Our recommendations are; increasing the duration of stations especially for history taking and cardiac auscultation, modifying the administration of the OSCE aiming at reducing the waiting time especially for the students in the last batch, ensuring clear instructions, having real patients for the expected tasks, and finally more training with the OSCE.
Medizinische Fakultät der Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf

When the University of Duesseldorf was founded in 1966, the former Medical Academy in Duesseldorf became the university's Faculty of Medicine, which currently is training some 3.500 students in Medicine or Dentistry. Apart from its wide spectrum of research activities, the Faculty pays close attention to new concepts in medical training. The Dean of Student Affairs first elected in 1995 is responsible for the organisation of studies, the promotion of innovation in teaching, and the establishment of appropriate procedures for evaluating faculty teaching performance. He receives support from a number of innerfaculty commissions in which students play a constructive role. This report describes both planned and proven teaching reforms. These include a greater emphasis on medically relevant topics in preclinical instruction, as well as an intensified practical orientation in clinical studies, with more emphasis on case-oriented rather than specialty-oriented teaching. A particularly innovative course that has gained attention outside of Duesseldorf is ,,Anatomy by means of Imaging Techniques. This pilot project, which combines preclinical and clinical subject matter, offers a perspective on possible modes of teaching that motivate learning and are well received by the students.
Donkey Bite Leading to a Catastrophic Outcome: Bilateral Visual Loss

In this report we present a case of severe facial injury due to a donkey bite. Immediate repair with surgical flaps was performed. No significant complication was observed at the time of surgery or during follow up and the result was acceptable. Animal bites are relatively frequent and most often are done by dogs. Besides dogs, other animals such as cats, horses and donkeys may be responsible for this type of injuries. Although donkey bites to the facial area are very rare, they can cause severe and life-threatening injuries. Early management of facial injuries caused by animal bites is acceptable nowadays and guarantees satisfactory outcome.
Caractéristique des gliomes dans le cadre d'une mosaïque somatique d'isocitrate déshydrogénase

La maladie d’Ollier (MO) et le syndrome de Maffucci (SM) sont des pathologies rares rapportees a l’acquisition post-zygotique d’une mutation d’IDH responsable d’un mosaicisme somatique. Les patients developpent des tumeurs osseuses (enchondromes) dans l’enfance mais ont egalement un risque accru de developper un gliome. L’objectif de ce travail etait de decrire les caracteristiques des gliomes survenant dans le cadre d’une enchondromatose multiple (EM) et de les comparer a celles de gliomes associes a une mutation sporadique d’IDH. Methodes : Les caracteristiques clinico-radiologiques et histologique de 29 patients atteints d’une MO (nouveaux cas n=5, litterature n=24) et de 10 patients atteints d’un SM (nouveaux cas n=2, litterature n=8) ayant developpe un gliome ont ete etudiees retrospectivement et comparees a celles d’une serie de 159 patients ayant developpe un gliome associe a une mutation sporadique d’IDH. Resultats : Les gliomes du groupe EM etaient le plus souvent des gliomes diffus de grade II (73%) ou III (21%). Une mutation d’IDH etait retrouvee chez 7 des 8 patients pour lesquels elle fut recherchee. Les 2 localisations les plus frequentes etaient le lobe frontal (53%) et le tronc cerebral (26%), multicentriques chez 12 patients (30%). En comparaison avec le groupe sporadique, les patients du groupe EM etaient plus jeunes (28 ans vs 44 ans, p<0,01), avaient plus souvent une atteinte du tronc cerebral (22% versus 0,5%, p<0,01) et plus souvent des gliomes multicentriques (30% versus 2%, p<0,01). Conclusion : Malgre des points communs (histologie, localisation frontale predominante), les gliomes survenant dans le cadre d’un mosaicisme somatique d’IDH ont des caracteristiques differentes de ceux associes a une mutation sporadique d’IDH (âge plus jeune de survenue, atteinte plus frequente du tronc cerebral), suggerant que les caracteristiques de la gliomagenese associee a la mutation d’IDH pourrait dependre en partie de l’âge auquel apparait la mutation. La frequence du caractere multicentrique est bien compatible avec l’existence d’un mosaicisme somatique et laisse penser qu’un tel mecanisme pourrait etre egalement a l’origine de la survenue de gliomes multicentriques survenant en dehors d’une EM.
Lithium Augmentation for Refractory Depression : A Critical Reappraisal

Lithium augmentation, first described in 1981, is considered one of the best-supported strategies for treating refractory depression. However, clinical use of this approach has fallen dramatically in recent years, and some recent studies have cast doubt over its efficacy. This article reviews published findings in order to clarify the current role of lithium augmentation in treating refractory depression. Ten placebo-controlled studies, eight comparator-controlled studies, and 13 uncontrolled large-scale prospective studies of acute efficacy were reviewed in addition to six studies of effects on long-term outcome. Detailed examination found that controlled studies of lithium augmentation suffer from inadequate criteria for refractoriness, marked variability in duration of augmentation, variability in lithium levels, inadequate criteria for evaluating response, and idiosyncratic designs. Even more recent studies, while methodologically superior to earlier trials, have significant limitations, especially with respect to variability in lithium levels. "True" response rates to lithium augmentation are likely between 30% to 40%, rather than the 50% assumed by clinicians. A more balanced appraisal of the benefits and risks of this underutilized approach might encourage its wider use by clinicians.
Evaluation of the Forensic Patients Presenting to the Emergency Department and Legal Reports

Amaç: Çalışmamızda adli olguların ilimizdeki profilinin belirlenmesini ve adli olayın niteliği ile olgulara düzenlenen geçici veya kesin raporların ilişkisinin irdelenmesini amaçladık. Yöntemler: Abant İzzet Baysal Üniversitesi Araştırma ve Uygulama Merkezi Acil Servisi’ne 01.01. 2008-31.12. 2009 tarihleri arasında başvuran adli olgulara ait hasta dosyaları ve adli raporlar retrospektif olarak incelendi. Bulgular: Acil servise başvuran tüm olguların %7,01’ini adli olgular oluşturmaktaydı. Bu olguların %66,4’ü erkek olup yaş ortalaması 32,41±17,83 bulundu. En sık trafik kazası (%53,7) nedeni ile başvuru yapıldığı, olayların çoğunlukla gündüz saatlerinde meydana geldiği (12:00-18:00), olguların ortalama 82,63 dakikada hastaneye ulaştıkları ve acil serviste en sık 1-4 saat kaldıkları tespit edildi. Olguların %30,6’sına hiçbir konsültasyon istenmediği, tedavi sonucu açısından acil servisten taburcu edilen olguların (%68,5) fazla bulunduğu belirlendi. Olguların %69,8’sına geçici adli rapor düzenlendiği ve taburcu edilen olgulara düzenlenen geçici raporların, kesin raporlara göre anlamlı olarak fazla olduğu saptandı. Sonuç: Adli olgulara düzenlenen kesin rapor sayılarının arttırılması, acil serviste çalışan hekimler için mezuniyet öncesi ve sonrası eğitim programlarının yaygınlaştırılması ile hız kazanabilir. (Ha se ki T›p Bül te ni 2012; 50: 14-20) Anah tar Ke li me ler: Adli olgu, acil servis, adli rapor Abs tract
Non-Vitamin K Antagonist Oral Anticoagulants in Atrial Fibrillation: Pharmacology and Phase III Clinical Trials

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a very common clinically significant arrhythmia noted in clinical practice. Its incidence increases with age and along with advanced age, other risk factors such hypertension, vascular disease, heart failure, diabetes, prior stroke and female sex determine the associated stroke risk with AF. For over 40 years warfarin has been the drug of choice used to reduce this stroke risk associated with AF. However, the narrow therapeutic range, dietary restrictions, and chronic monitoring with warfarin led to the development of novel oral anticoagulants (NOACs) such as dabigatran, rivaroxaban, apixaban, and edoxaban. The purpose of this chapter is to elucidate pharmacology and the clinical performance of these NOACs in the setting of non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF).
Dinamometria lombar: um teste funcional para o tronco

| Context: Muscle strength is the main physical valence. Clinical evaluation is performed using manual tests. However, these tests although reproducible are very subjective and imprecise. The torso evaluation has been performed by means of the the lumbar dynamometry (LD). This information is valuable in admission and periodic examinations of employees working on tasks that require repetitive effort, lifting, and transfer of loads. Objectives: As literature does not have reference values for this test, the objective of this research was to present values that can be used as reference for future study of normative values. Methods: The study was conducted with 691 healthy participants of both the genders and practitioners that do not practice regular physical activity, all with normal body mass index (BMI). Their ages ranged between 18 and 45 years, 382 were men, with an average age of 27.1 years (±7.5), and 309 women, with an average age of 28.2 years (±8.1). A portable digital system is composed of a dynamometer connected to a load cell and platform, and a digital indicator. Results: The average value of force measured in men with the LD system was 114.0 kgf (±25.4), and 48.5 kgf (±18.8) in women. Men had 235,1% more strength than women. Conclusion: This study presents an initial contribution to establish normative values for this dynamometer test, but further studies are needed, given the fact that the measurements are preliminary and specific to the geographic region studied.
Stroma-High Lymph Node Involvement Predicts Poor Survival More Accurately for Patients with Stage III Colon Cancer

Objective: The tumor microenvironment has ample impact on the behavior of the malignant process in colon cancer (CC). Patients with a high percentage of stroma within the primary tumor, determined by the tumor-stroma ratio (TSR), have a poor prognosis. In metastatic lymph nodes from patients with stage III CC, the TSR is heterogeneous, but the impact on patients’ prognosis is unknown. Methods: Haematoxylin and eosin stained tissue slides of primary tumor (PT) and associated lymph nodes (LNs) metastases from 102 patients with stage III CC were analyzed for the TSR. Stroma-high (>50% stroma) and stromalow (≤ 50% stroma) groups were evaluated with respect to disease free survival (DFS). Results: Of 102 analyzed primary tumors, 47 (46.1%) scored as stroma-high and 55 (53.9%) as stroma-low. In total, 33 patients had at least one stroma-high LN and 69 patients had one or more stroma-low LNs. Interestingly, 28 patients (27.5%) had both stroma-high and stroma-low LNs, but in another 44 cases the TSR between PT and LNs differed: 29 patients had a stroma-high PT with stroma-low LNs, while 15 patients displayed the opposite. As a result of the combination of the TSR analysis of the PT and the involved metastatic LNs, 62 patients (60.8%) were classified as stroma-high and 40 (39.2%) as stroma-low, restaging 14.7% of the patients to stroma-high with a significantly worse 5-year DFS compared to stroma-low patients (59% vs. 82%, HR=2.83 (95%CI 1.34–5.97), P=0.006). In multivariate analysis, the TSR retained its independent prognostic impact (HR=2.85 (95%CI 1.33-6.10), P=0.007). Conclusion: The presence of abundant stroma in metastatic LNs from patients with stage III CC adds to the prognostic information learned from the primary tumor independently, and supports selective patient treatment.
Inheritance of sheath blight disease resistance in submergence rice(Oryza sativaL.)

Sheath blight caused by Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn is one of the important diseases of rice, resulting in heavy yield loss in rice every year. Genetic nature of sheath blight has been found to be complex and controversial issue in the earlier studies. There were some reports about the major gene conferring resistance to sheath blight. Non allelic dominant major resistance gene was also reported in resistant cultivars. A total of 50 QTL associated with sheath blight resistance located on all 12 rice chromosomes have been reported, with 10 of these co-localizing with QTL for morphological attributes, especially plant height, or for heading date. The objective of this paper was to see inheritance pattern of sheaath blight. All the plant in the F1 shown resistant reaction with 22.25% disease severity, and in F2 population the resistant or moderately resistant, and susceptible in the ratio of 3R/MR: 1S which is mainly due to presence of dominant effects of resistant QTL/genes qSBR11-1. The F3populations were classified into resistant, moderately resistant and susceptible in the ratio of 3: 2: 3. Further, the F3 populations were classified in only two groups as resistant and susceptible then their ratio was 5Resistance/Moderatily Resistance: 3Susceptible.
Dentistry Dental Practice And The Community

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A portfolio of academic, therapeutic practice and research work : including an investigation of 'Developmental experiences of persons with multiple sclerosis; the lack of a holding environment'.

This literature review seeks to explore the topic of counselling psychology as a postmodern discipline. A review of some of the contrasts between modernist and postmodernist notions of science, language and meaning unfolds three dimensions to distinguish postmodernist psychotherapeutic practices. These are (1) local meanings and understandings; (2) relational practice; and (3) a pluralistic orientation. These dimensions are adopted to review the literature about counselling psychology. This exploration reveals that counselling psychology’s methods appear to reflect a postmodern mindset. Implications for its practice and development are considered to involve a three fold reflective awareness; namely (1) a self reflective awareness about practitioners’ personal and subjective frames of reference; (2) a sensitive reflective awareness about the otherness of other people; and (3) a critical reflective awareness about the prejudices and preconceived practices of cultural meaning systems.
Study of C-reactive protein in patients with acute myocardial infarction attending tertiary care teaching hospital in Saurashtra region of Gujarat, India -

Background: Acute Myocardial Infarction is a major contributor to morbidity and mortality globally. A growing body of evidence supports the concept of local and systemic inflammation playing a critical pathophysiologic role in progression of atherothrombosis and occurrence of infarction. Objectives of the study were to assess the role of serum C-reactive protein (CRP) levels in patients with first acute myocardial infarction attending tertiary care teaching hospital. Methods: A cross sectional study was carried out from October 2009 to September 2010 in tertiary care teaching institute in Saurashtra region, Gujarat, India. A total of 50 patients admitted to intensive cardiac care unit with a diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction were enrolled. Serum CRP levels were sent at 6 hrs to 36 hrs of chest pain. Patients were assessed for early complications as well as left ventricular function on Echocardiography. Results were analysed using appropriate statistical methods. Results: In this study, the mean age of presentation of acute myocardial infarction was 52.7 years which is a decade younger than in previous studies. CRP levels were found to be elevated in 79.4% of patients with anterior wall myocardial infarction. Raised CRP levels were associated with greater incidence of (50%) early complications after acute myocardial infarction. Raised CRP levels were also associated with a LVEF<40% in 32.5% cases implying a poorer prognosis. Conclusions: Present study concluded that raised CRP levels correlated with poorer prognosis in acute myocardial infarction. And can be used as a simple tool for prognostic stratification in acute myocardial infarction.