Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Efficacy and Safety of Tranexamic Acid for Controlling Bleeding During Surgical Treatment of Intertrochanteric Fragility Fracture with Proximal Femoral Nail Anti-rotation: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Background Intertrochanteric fragility fracture (IFF) treated with proximal femoral nail anti-rotation (PFNA) is associated with significant hidden blood loss and high blood transfusion rate. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of tranexamic acid (TXA) in reducing blood loss in these patients. Materials and Methods Consecutive eligible patients were recruited and randomly assigned to a TXA group or a control group. The TXA group received 15 mg/kg body weight of TXA intravenously 15 min before incision and the same dose 3 h later. The control group received 100 mL of saline intravenously 15 min before incision. The efficacy outcomes included the total perioperative blood loss, postoperative transfusion rate, postoperative hemoglobin level, and length of the hospital stay. The safety outcomes were the incidence of thrombotic events and the mortality rate within 6 weeks after surgery. Results We had 44 patients in the TXA group and 46 patients in the control group for the final analysis. The TXA group had significantly lower total perioperative blood loss than the control group (384.5 ± 366.3 mL vs. 566.2 ± 361.5 mL; P < 0.020). Postoperative transfusion rate was 15.9% in the TXA group versus 36.9% in the control group ( P = 0.024). Each group had one patient with postoperative deep venous thrombosis. In the control group, three patients had cerebral infarction, and one patient died within 6 weeks after the operation. Conclusion Intravenous TXA is effective in reducing total perioperative blood loss and transfusion rate in IFF treated with PFNA. No increased risk of thrombotic events was observed with the use of TXA; however, this study was underpowered for detecting this outcome. Further research is necessary before TXA can be recommended for high-risk patients.
The role of the mitochondria in apoptosis induced by 7β-hydroxycholesterol and cholesterol-5β,6β-epoxide

Oxysterols are oxygenated derivatives of cholesterol that may be formed endogenously or absorbed from the diet. Significant amounts of oxysterols have frequently been identified in foods of animal origin, in particular highly processed foods. To date, oxysterols have been shown to possess diverse biological activities; however, recent attention has focused on their potential role in the development of atherosclerosis. Oxysterols have been reported to induce apoptosis in cells of the arterial wall, a primary process in the development of atheroma. The aim of the present study was to identify the role of the mitochondria in the apoptotic pathways induced by the oxysterols 7β-hydroxycholesterol (7β-OH) and cholesterol-5β,6β-epoxide (β-epoxide) in U937 cells. To this end, we investigated the effects of these oxysterols on mitochondrial membrane potential, caspase-8 activity, the mitochondrial permeability transition pore and cytochrome c release. 7β-OH-induced apoptosis was associated with a loss in mitochondrial membrane potential after 2 h, accompanied by cytochrome c release from the mitochondria into the cytosol after 16 h. Pre-treatment with a range of inhibitors of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore protected against 7β-OH-induced cell death. In contrast, β-epoxide induced a slight increase in caspase-8 activity but had no effect on mitochondrial membrane potential or cytochrome c release. The present results confirm that 7β-OH-induced apoptosis occurs via the mitochondrial pathway and highlights differences in the apoptotic pathways induced by 7β-OH and β-epoxide in U937 cells.
Dispersal and germination of seeds of Pisonia grandis, an Indo-Pacific tropical tree associated with insular seabird colonies

The distribution of the forest tree Pisonia grandis (Nyctaginaceae) coincides with seabird colonies on small tropical islands. Its seeds are enclosed in a calyx exuding extremely sticky resin which adheres strongly to feathers. Birds are obviously seed-dispersal vectors, but the multi-seeded infructescences frequently entangle birds, often fatally. On Cousin Island, Seychelles, I investigated the production, germination, survival, and tolerance to seawater of Pisonia seeds, and the occurrence of entanglement with birds. Fresh seeds had high germination success (62–87% in experimental trays), but seedling survival in Cousin's forests was low (0.1% of 6020 seeds survived as seedlings after 2–8 mo). Some seeds tolerated 30 min daily immersions in seawater (8–15% germination after 14–28 d treatment), but not continuous immersion in seawater (reduced germination after 5 d and none after 12 d). Inter-island dispersal is likely via living unencumbered seabirds carrying a few seeds, but not on floating carcasses. Seeds attached to carcasses did not have improved germination or survival. Intra-island propagation is almost entirely vegetative, with negligible local seed dispersal. Pisonia plants therefore do not benefit from fatal entanglements. The extreme stickiness of the seeds evidently evolved to resist removal by seabirds and so facilitate long-distance dispersal. The mortality of some potential vectors is an unfortunate consequence, but has little impact on the large populations of tree- and ground-nesting seabirds which nest in or under these trees.
Swaying citizen support for EU membership: Evidence from a survey experiment of German voters

The United Kingdom’s 2016 ‘Brexit’ referendum vote to leave the European Union (EU) raised concerns that other countries would follow suit. This article examines how arguments about EU membership related to economic, cultural, political, and security and peace issues could influence how citizens would vote in EU membership referendums. Our two-wave survey experiment on a random sample of the German population and difference-in-differences analysis revealed that only fears of being outvoted in EU decision-making swayed German voters’ attitudes about EU membership, particularly voters with weaker EU support, little EU knowledge and low levels of political engagement. We therefore conclude that concerns about sovereignty loss can be drivers of Euroscepticism even in a country that has vast influence over EU decisions.
Effect of water content on the glass transition, caking and stickiness of protein hydrolysates

Abstract Protein hydrolysates play an important function in many special dietary foods, e.g. for infants, those with genetic disorders, athletes and geriatrics. Because of hydrolysis these materials are more hygroscopic than the initial intact protein. In this reset the moisture sorption isotherms and the glass transition profile as a function of moisture content for fish protein hydrolysates (FPH), whey protein hydrolysates (WPH) and casein hydrolysates (CH) were determined. The properties of each hydrolysates were related to molecular weight with a lower glass transition curve at lower molecular weight, the Tg was proportional to degree of hydrolysis. These hydrolysates may be as important as sugars in lowering Tg. Fish moisture sorption was related to hydrolysis. CH was less susceptible to caking than FPH and WPH.
Measuring Revolution

Domestic political upheaval has profound consequences, both for the country in which it takes place and for international politics. It is therefore striking that there is no standard cross-national time-series dataset that focuses specifically on the concept of revolution. This article aims to address that gap by introducing a new dataset on revolutionary governments and leaders, 1945–2004. Revolutionary leaders tend to be younger, to have longer tenure in office, and to be more prone to international conflicts than non-revolutionary leaders. This new dataset facilitates quantitative analyses of a variety of questions about both the causes and consequences of revolutionary governments.
Comparative Study between Primigravida and Multigravida Regarding Women's Self-Care Practices for Management of Selected Minor Discomforts

Self-care means a person’s ability to undertake self-care requisites or needs for preserving health and well-being. During pregnancy, the rapidly rising hormones change the maternal body and may cause some symptoms in the mother called as minor disorders. Aim of this study was to compare between primigravida and multigravida regarding women’s self-care practices for management of selected minor discomfort. Research Design for this study was correlational descriptive. Setting of this study was conducted in the keebly MCH at Menofya governorate in Egypt. Subjects and methods: convenient sample was used to collect data in a period of six months, two days / week (Monday and Wednesday) and started from March 2016, until August 2016, and the total number was 300 pregnant women for three trimesters (90 primigravida and 210 multigravida), two tools for data collection was structured first; interviewing questionnaire sheet, and second; minor discomforts assessment sheet. Results of the study revealed that (33.3%) of the primigavida had moderate education compared to (21.4%) among multigravida. Less than half of the primigravida (42.9%) attempts to manage nausea and vomiting by avoid food smelling compared to (26.3%) among multigravida. Additionally, more than half of both groups (55.3%primi, 54.1% multi) avoid fried, spicy, and fatty food as a one method to manage their heartburn. Relatively two thirds (65.5%) of the primigravida avoid standing for long time for managing back pain compared to (46.1 %) among multigravida. Conclusion: There was no significant difference between primigravida and multigravida women’s self-care practices for management of (constipation, heartburn, backache, and leucorrhea). Recommendations: Establishing educational program for all pregnant women’s about minor discomforts & its correct self-care practices intended for increasing their knowledge.
Effects of Thelytokous Worker Reproduction on Kin-Selection and Conflict in the Cape Honeybee, Apis mellifera capensis

Apis mellifera capensis workers are able to produce female eggs by the process of thelytoky, whereas the workers of other races of honeybee and most other eusocial Hymenoptera produce males only (arrhenotoky). The maximization of inclusive fitness has been studied in eusocial arrhenotokous species, but not in thelytokous ones. Thelytokous worker offspring are female, consequently the kin-structure of colonies is altered. This difference leads to changes in kin-value asymmetries and kin-selection. Following from these changes many of the predictions regarding conflict in thelytokous species differ quantitatively or even qualitatively from those for arrhenotokous species. In A. m. capensis inclusive fitness arguments predict more conflict between workers over reproductive dominance, especially when the colony is queenless. Some of the unique traits of Cape honeybee workers upon queen-loss, for example: (i) extreme aggression amongst workers; (ii) very rapid development of ovaries; and (iii) queen-like pheromones in workers upon queen-loss can be explained as responses to such selection. It is predicted that workers will remove (police) less of their fellow workers' eggs than other races.
Honey bee queen mandibular pheromone inhibits ovary development and fecundity in a fruit fly

A key feature of eusocial insects is their reproductive division of labour. The queen signals her fecundity to her potentially reproductive daughters via a pheromone, which renders them sterile. In contrast, solitary insects lack division in reproductive labour and there is no such social signalling or need for ovary‐regulating pheromones. Nonetheless, females from both non‐social and eusocial lineages are expected to regulate their ovaries to maximize inclusive lifetime reproductive success. It is not known, however, whether the underlying networks that regulate ovary activation are homologous between non‐social and eusocial taxa, especially when these taxa are phylogenetically distant. In this study, we provide evidence that solitary fruit flies may share a conserved ovary‐regulating pathway with a eusocial honey bee, Apis mellifera L. (Hymenoptera: Apidae). Specifically, we demonstrate that honey bee queen mandibular pheromone (QMP) inhibits fly ovaries in much the same way as it suppresses worker ovaries. Drosophila melanogaster Meigen (Diptera: Drosophilidae) exposed to sufficient doses of QMP showed a reduction in ovary size, produced fewer eggs, and generated fewer viable offspring, relative to unexposed controls. Drosophila melanogaster therefore responds to an interspecific social cue to which it would not normally be exposed. Although we cannot strictly rule out an incidental effect, this conspicuous response suggests that these two species may share an underlying mechanism for ovary regulation. Why a non‐social species of fly responds to a highly social bee's pheromone is not clear, but one possibility is that solitary and social insects share pathways associated with female reproduction, as predicted by the ‘groundplan’ hypothesis of social evolution.
Spatial variation in seabird density at a shallow sea tidal mixing front in the Irish Sea

The distributions of Manx shearwater, guillemot, razorbill, fulmar, and kittiwake were examined in relation to sea surface temperature and salinity at the Irish Sea Front in an attempt to understand the manner in which the front is utilized by seabirds. Bird distribution data were collected from 19 crossings of the front along five transects during July 1990. The spatial distributions of the seabirds were analysed by exploratory variography and the application of generalized additive models. The distributions of Manx shearwater, guillemots, and razorbills were associated with the front. A degree of spatial partitioning was also evident that suggested these species were adopting diVerent strategies for the utilization of resources at the front. Comparison with previous studies suggests that the relationship between the seabirds and the Irish Sea Front has been consistent over a period of several years, indicating that the front is a predictable resource for seabirds.
Impacts of cattle on ecological restoration of coastal forests in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa

Livestock from communities bordered by dune mining, urban areas and commercial forestry in northern KwaZulu-Natal spend substantial time foraging in the coastal forest that the mining company is obliged to restore. A survey of livestock owners and an experimental study of impacts of cattle on restoration processes were conducted to develop better knowledge of the perceptions of livestock owners neighbouring the mine, and the impacts of their cattle on rehabilitating coastal dune forest. Shortages of grazing and livestock diseases were perceived to be the major constraints on livestock operations. Mitigation included grazing cattle in the rehabilitating forest and treating livestock diseases with available medicinal plant species. An exclosure experiment in one of the older stands undergoing restoration showed that cattle grazing reduced grass biomass and Acacia kosiensis seedling recruitment. A study of seeds collected from cattle dung showed that Psidium guajava, an important invasive alien woody species, was dispersed by cattle into the rehabilitating forest, but passage through cattle did not enhance germination of the invasive species. The study concluded that: (1) the proximity of livestock owners to large-scale commercial land uses influenced their perceptions and their resources, and (2) grazing and trampling by cattle in the rehabilitating dune forest may hinder the ecological restoration process.
Variations in body length, weight, fat content and survival in Coccinella septempunctata at different hibernation sites

Adults of Coccinella septempunctata L. (Coleoptera; Coccinellidae) were sampled in four overwintering sites: one in England and three at different altitudes in the Czech Republic (350–1420 m above sea level) in autumn 1992 and spring 1993. Body length, dry weight and fat weight were measured. There were significant differences in body length between sampling sites in spring 1993, but not in autumn 1992. The average sex ratio (♀) in all samples was 1:0.60 in 1992 and 1:0.72 in 1993. Females were significantly larger and heavier, and contained more fat than males in both sampling periods. Dry weight and fat weight were positively correlated to body length at all sampling sites except at Ruzyne, in the Czech Republic. Adults hibernating at higher altitudes and away from their breeding and feeding habitats had significantly more fat than those hibernating at lower altitudes. Fat reserves were reduced by 30% during the hibernation at the top of the Krkonose mountain, in the Czech Republic, where temperatures were much lower, but more than half of the fat reserves were consumed during the overwintering period at the other sampling sites. The significance of body length and fat reserves in relation to adult hibernation sites and overwintering survival is discussed.
Na,K-ATPase α2 and Ncx4a regulate zebrafish left-right patterning

A conserved molecular cascade involving Nodal signaling that patterns the laterality of the lateral mesoderm in vertebrates has been extensively studied, but processes involved in the initial break of left-right (LR) symmetry are just beginning to be explored. Here we report that Na,K-ATPaseα 2 and Ncx4a function upstream of Nodal signaling to regulate LR patterning in zebrafish. Knocking down Na,K-ATPase α2 and Ncx4a activity in dorsal forerunner cells (DFCs), which are precursors of Kupffer's vesicle (KV), is sufficient to disrupt asymmetric gene expression in the lateral plate mesoderm and randomize the placement of internal organs, indicating that the activity of Na,K-ATPase α2 and Ncx4a in DFCs/KV is crucial for LR patterning. High-speed videomicroscopy and bead implantation experiments show that KV cilia are immobile and the directional fluid flow in KV is abolished in Na,K-ATPase α2 and Ncx4a morphants, suggesting their essential role in KV ciliary function. Furthermore, we found that intracellular Ca2+ levels are elevated in Na,K-ATPase α2 and Ncx4a morphants and that the defects in ciliary motility, KV fluid flow and placement of internal organs induced by their knockdown could be suppressed by inhibiting the activity of Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II. Together, our data demonstrate that Na,K-ATPase α2 and Ncx4a regulate LR patterning by modulating intracellular calcium levels in KV and by influencing cilia function, revealing a previously unrecognized role for calcium signaling in LR patterning.
Enfermeiro protagonista na educação em saúde para o autocuidado de pacientes com doenças renal crônica

A doenca renal cronica (DRC), caracterizada pela perda gradativa da funcao renal de maneira insidiosa e assintomatica, surge neste cenario como um relevante problema de saude publica mundial, decorrente do crescimento expressivo de sua prevalencia, impactos de suas complicacoes cronicas e elevado custo social e economico. Tem-se como objetivo descrever as atribuicoes do enfermeiro no processo de educacao em saude do paciente com doenca renal cronica. Trata-se de uma revisao bibliografica de abordagem qualitativa. Para tal utilizou-se a Biblioteca Virtual de Saude (BVS), nas seguintes bases de informacoes: LILACS; MEDLINE e SCIELO no periodo de marco a julho de 2017, alem de material impresso como livros e artigos de revistas periodicas da saude. Neste cenario, exige-se que enfermeiro desenvolve habilidades relacionadas a comunicacao e interacao, aonde a assistencia ao paciente com doenca renal cronica em hemodialise vai alem das maquinas e das atividades administrativas. Conclui-se que o enfermeiro pode contribuir com intervencoes preventivas e educativas, ao ponto de sensibilizar os pacientes sobre a importância da conscientizacao referente ao autocuidado, no que tange a adesao ao tratamento de forma adequada e ainda, aderir um as estrategias abordadas durantes as rodas de conversas que serao realizadas.
COMPARISON OF AMINOLEVULINIC ACID AND ITS METHYL ESTER MEDIATED PHOTOCYTOTOXICITY ON HUMAN NASOPHARYNGEAL CARCINOMA CELLS

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a prevalent cancer in some areas of southern Asia. To explore the potential of photodynamic therapy (PDT) for the treatment of NPC, a small molecule prodrug 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) and its methyl ester (MAL) mediated PDT was studied in vitro. The results showed that human NPC cells were sensitive to both ALA- and MAL-mediated PDT. However, ALA was more effective than MAL, possiblly due to a higher efficiency of ALA on producing endogenous protoporphyrin (PpIX) in NPC cells. Neither ALA nor MAL caused any significant genotoxicity. The ALA-based PDT might be a useful modality in the treatment of NPC.
Nitrogen remobilization in wheat as influenced by nitrogen application and post-anthesis water deficit during grain filling

Pre-anthesis stored nitrogen in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is important because grain filling greatly depends on the remobilization of pre-anthesis nitrogen under Mediterranean growth conditions. This field study was conducted to assess the effect of post-anthesis water deficit and three N fertilizer levels on N remobilization and N losses in three wheat cultivars (‘Shiraz’, ‘Marvdasht’ and ‘Chamran’). Nitrogen remobilization in plant parts decreased to 29 to 58% under water deficit compared with the well watered (WW) treatment. Grain N was 40% higher under post-anthesis water deficit than the WW treatment and with the addition of 160 kg N ha-1. The application of nitrogen fertilizer increased N remobilization to 78%. ‘Shiraz’ remobilized 13 and 25% more nitrogen than ‘Marvdasht’ and ‘Chamran’, respectively. Under water deficit, N remobilization efficiency increased by 13%. Leaves were more efficient than stem and spike in N remobilization efficiency either in the WW or the WD treatment. The application of fertilizer N generally lowered whole plant remobilization efficiency. The N remobilization efficiency of ‘Chamran’ increased when the soil moisture and/or N were limited during the grain filling period. Grain N concentration was correlated positively with N concentration or N content of vegetative parts at anthesis. In addition to nitrogen fertilizer, WD during grain filling reduced nitrogen use efficiency by 30 and 25%, respectively. In the WW treatment, 25% of the N at anthesis was lost at maturity. In contrast, under WD only 6% of the N was lost. High amount of N led to N losses at maturity. Significant negative correlations were found between grain yield and grain protein concentration in the three wheat cultivars. Results indicate that the greater the amount of N accumulated before anthesis, the higher the translocation rates of nitrogen to grain and the greater the risk of net N losses at maturity. Key words: Nitrogen harvest index, nitrogen loss, grain protein, nitrogen use efficiency.