Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Change of terrain roughness and the wind profile

To describe the distribution of wind with height in hydrostatically-neutral air following a change in terrain roughness, a theory is constructed by assuming that only the air below an internal boundary is affected by the change and that air above the boundary is moving with the speed and Reynolds stress that it had upwind of the change of roughness. Unlike in the closely related theory of Elliott, the assumed velocity distribution in the lower layer is consistent, not with stress independent of height, but with continuous variation of stress from the surface to the boundary where the stress is that in the original layer. the condition of overall conservation of momentum then leads to relations between surface stress, boundary height and fetch. the theory is compared with observations at a variety of locations, and the agreement with measurements is satisfactory. In particular, a fairly sharp boundary separates the masses of air influenced by the two types of terrain; for micrometeorological distances, the slope of this interface is of order 1/10.
Virus-host Cophylogeny Motivated Viral Detection and Discovery Using Viral Microarrays and High-throughput Sequencing

Author(s): Wootton, Sharon Chao | Advisor(s): DeRisi, Joseph | Abstract: The emergence of high-throughput genomic technologies has markedly accelerated virus detection, virus discovery, and viral metagenomics. DNA viral microarrays and high-throughput sequencing platforms allow for the unbiased detection of all pathogens in parallel. In this dissertation, the capacity for a novel or unexpected viral etiology in a number of idiopathic diseases is investigated. More specifically, serum from individuals with acute liver failure, ocular fluids from patients with uveitis, and bronchoalveolar lavage from individuals experiencing an acute exacerbation of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis are analyzed for all viruses. An alternative to the syndromic approach to virus discovery is also taken in tandem, where a hypothesized gap in virus phylogeny is targeted specifically. Overlaying viral hosts onto a phylogenetic tree of a conserved herpesvirus gene reveals a clade of herpesviruses found in a number of primates, with a distinct gap suggesting a homologous herpesvirus in human hosts. Attributes of this gap, such as sequence similarity, viral lifestyle, and tropism, are used to design a set of discovery projects. Saliva samples from patients with full-blown AIDS were collected and banked in an era before antiretroviral therapy, and tonsils, a lymphocyte rich tissue, from adolescents with recurrent tonsillitis was collected and treated with a chemical known to induce the herpesvirus lytic gene cascade. These samples were analyzed with the pan-viral microarray and high-throughput sequencing for the presence of a novel human herpesvirus. This method of targeted analysis of a hypothesized virus gap is then generalized to all viruses in an effort to precipitate hypotheses of discovery targets, or gaps, in virus trees when they are overlaid onto their corresponding host trees. The propensity for viruses to coevolve with their hosts motivates a framework for translating host homology to homology between known viruses and their suggested orthologs (gap-recognition). These proposed gaps present insight into viral diversity and evolution, and can also be used to motivate targeted microarray-based and high throughput sequencing-based virus discovery efforts. With the rapid advances in massively parallel genomic platforms, there is a clear demand for more informed and targeted molecular and bioinformatic strategies of detection.
Obesity and Associated Risk Factors: A Cross-Sectional Study among Rural Women Aged Above 30 Years Using Body Fat Analyzer

Background: Obesity is a global public health concern. Once considered a problem only in high-income countries, overweight and obesity are now dramatically on the rise in low- and middle-income countries. Today, not only the diet but also the whole environment can be termed as “obesogenic,” contributing to increased levels of obesity. Aims and Objectives: This study aims to study the prevalence and associated risk factors for obesity using body fat assessment as a measure in rural women above 30 years. Materials and Methods: A sample of 350 rural women above 30 years of age was enrolled using probability proportional to size (PPS) sampling. Information about sociodemographic characteristics, dietary practices, physical activity, history of smoking, alcohol consumption, etc., was collected using a predesigned and pre-structured questionnaire. Body fat percentage (BF%) was taken as the measure of obesity. Females with BF% >30% were taken as obese. Results: Obesity is highly prevalent in rural women. Three-fourths (75.1%) rural women were found to be obese. The key factors implicated for obesity include their sociodemographic profile, the frequency of intake of mixed diet, intake of refined flour items, type of oil used for cooking, high intake of fried items, and lack of physical activity. Conclusion: Behavior change communication is required among rural women to help them adopt healthy dietary practices and increased physical activity. Key words: Obesity, body fat percentage, risk factors, behavioural change communication
Analyzing of the Factors Affecting the Exposure of Adolescents to Peer Bullying

This study was prepared to examine the factors affecting peer bullying exposure considering adolescents’ gender, age and classes. The study area of the research was applied to 9 th and 10 th grade students of Sakarya province Sapanca Vocational and Technical Anotolian High School. In this study, 10 students were asked questions to examine the factors affecting adolescent’s exposure to peer bullying. Students’ responses were evaluated using the interview form. Although the problems of adolescence differ in the historical process , they have existed in all societies until today. Because adolescents experience self-fornation in this process,plan the future and go through a very difficult process. The importance of friendship, popularity, self-realisation,setting goals and most importantly,rapid biological,psychological and social changes can attract these individuals in different problems. Thus, adolescents’ reactions to these problems sometimes go to extremes and increases in violence are observed. Bullying, which is a form of aggression, is used for purposes such as achieving one’s own goals, establishing authority, and making somebody give up. The increase of aggression events in the world and in our country in recent years has also increased the studies on this issues. In this study, the relationship between peer bullying and some factors such as age ,gender, physical characteristics,personality traits and parental attitudes affecting peer bullying were investigated
Food, health and agricultural importance of truffles: A review of current scientific literature

Truffles, the subterranean mycelial fruit bodies are wonderful gustatory delights across the globe. Of late, several therapeutic compounds with antioxidant, immunosuppressor, antimicrobial, and anticarcinogenic properties have been discovered from truffles. The so far unexploited fungal resource truffles have been recently discovered to possess great economic potential. However, their cultivation methods have not proved much successful. Submerged fermentation for higher production yield, use of response surface methods for optimum polysaccharide extraction, innovative storage techniques to eradicate spoilage, adulterant determination in canned truffles by molecular tools are strategies for their optimal utilization. In the present paper, the issues hindering the popularity of truffles, the current scenario and the future potentials are reviewed.
Design of an Intelligent Adaptive Control with Optimization System to Produce Parts with Uniform Surface Roughness in Finish Hard Turning

In this paper, a real-time intelligent adaptive control with optimization methodology is proposed to produce parts with uniform surface roughness in finish turning of hardened AISI D2. Unlike traditional optimization approaches, the proposed methodology considers cutting tool real condition. Wavelet packet transform of cutting tool vibration signals followed by neural network was used to estimate tool flank wear. Intelligent models (artificial neural networks and genetic programming) were utilized to predict surface roughness and tool wear during machining process. Particle swarm optimization algorithm determined optimum feed rate that resulted in desired surface roughness. Performed confirmatory experiments indicated that the proposed adaptive control method not only resulted in parts with acceptable uniform quality, but also decreased the machining cost up to 8.8% and increased material removal rate up to 20% in comparison with those of traditional CNC turning systems.
Fat Dormouse Glis glis (Rodentia: Gliridae) in Albania: Synopsis of Distributional Records with Notes on Habitat Use

The fat dormouse Glis glis has been a species with little known distribution and habitat use in Albania, with only four literature records. We provide data about 14 new localities distributed throughout Albania, mostly in its northern half. Fat dormice were mostly recorded through their characteristic vocalization but also from direct observations. Although some records come from a habitat considered typical and optimal for that species – old-growth, deciduous (mostly beech) forests, the majority of sites were either in shrubland or almost barren landscape with sparse bushes and vertical rocky walls or very steep slopes. Seven localities devoid of intact, mature woodland, contained underground structures, either man-made (bunkers, tunnels, old mines) or natural (karstic caves) and in five cases active individuals of the fat dormouse were observed inside such objects. For the first time the use of abandoned military structures is reported; such usage may help in maintaining populations of G. glis under the heavy ongoing deforestation of Albania.
Intellectual Collaboration

Intellectual collaboration in science includes formal coauthorship as well as presentation of papers at workshops, seminars, and professional meetings and informal commentary from colleagues, journal referees, and editors. While the incidence and extent of formal coauthorship are greater in biology than in economics, the extent of intellectual collaboration is greater in economics than in biology. Intellectual property rights to coauthored papers in economics tend to be assigned alphabetically, whereas biology is characterized by a strong merit‐based (nonalphabetical) assignment of intellectual property rights. These patterns do not result from differences in the relative importance of funding/physical capital.
Students’ Reading Competency on High Order Thinking Items in The Junior High Schools

The aimed of this study was to describe and compare the students’ reading competency in answering high order thinking items across classes, text genres, and reading indicators. In the present study, critical reading is defined as reading for comprehension of highorder-thinking items which are focused on the four indicators of reading competency, namely: main idea, specific ideas, textual references, and word meanings. This research was conducted quantitatively and focus on year seven students. To reach such purpose, a purposive sampling technique was used to choose the sample. The subjects of this study were 238 students. The instruments used to collect the data was a Reading Competency Test. The collected data were analysed quantitatively and interpreted descriptively. The first finding of this research shows that the level of the students’ reading competency in answering high order thinking items are categorized weak or low level on both the descriptive texts and recount texts which is the descriptive text and finding main idea are the highest mean score. The second finding shows that there is no significant difference of students’ reading competency in answering high order thinking items across classes, text genres, and reading indicators which is analysed by using One Way ANOVA with significant score is 0.054. > 0.05, thus Ho is accepted and H1 is rejected. The result of the study is an important information about the students’ reading competency in answering HOTS items. it is necessary to do next research in order to design future effective educational strategy or educational policy in learning.
Gigayear stability of cratonic edges controls global distribution of sediment-hosted metals

Mark J. Hoggard*, Karol Czarnota*, Fred D. Richards, David L. Huston, A. Lynton Jaques, & Sia Ghelichkhan 1. Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Harvard University, 20 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA. 2. Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University, 61 Rte 9W, Palisades, NY 10964, USA. 3. Geoscience Australia, GPO Box 378, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia. 4. Research School of Earth Sciences, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia *mark hoggard@fas.harvard. edu; karol.czarnota@ga.gov. au Sustainable development and transition to a clean-energy economy is placing ever-increasing 1 demand on global supplies of base metals (copper, lead, zinc and nickel). This demand is outstripping 2 the present rate of discovery of new deposits, with significant shortfalls forecast in the coming 3 decades. Thus, to maintain growth in global living standards, dramatic improvements in exploration 4 success rate are an essential goal of the geoscience community. Significant quantities of base metals 5 have been deposited by moderate-temperature hydrothermal circulation within sedimentary basins 6 over the last 2 billion years. Despite over a century of research, relationships between these deposits 7 and geological structures remain enigmatic. Here, for the first time, we show that 85% of sediment8 hosted base metals, including all giant deposits (> 10 megatonnes of metal), occur within 200 km of 9 the edges of thick lithosphere. This observation implies long-term lithospheric edge stability and a 10 genetic link between deep Earth processes and near-surface hydrothermal mineral systems. It has 11 been recognised that continental rifting juxtaposes necessary mineral system components including 12 evaporites, volcanic rocks and reductants. Uniquely, extension of cratonic lithosphere enhances 13 syn-rift sediment thickness due to increased mantle buoyancy, and reduces basal heat flow due to its 14 greater thickness. These factors combine to double the extent of the low-temperature hydrothermal 15 operating window, providing the optimal setting for giant sediment-hosted deposits. This discovery 16 provides an unprecedented global framework for identifying fertile regions for targeted mineral 17 exploration, reducing the search-space for new deposits by two-thirds on this lithospheric thickness 18 criterion alone. 19
Racial Theory

Facts of race and racial differences have been under scientific investigation since the middle of the eighteenth century; the study of race relations began in the second decade of the twentieth. As interest shifted from physical structures and traits to social relations and processes, the natural history of race relations was outlined; racial prejudice was seen as a subjective aspect of interrupted racial processes; impersonal factors and processes were isolated; and the analysis of marginality gave an understanding of differential racial status within and among racial groups. The present need is for study of collective behavior in relation to personality development and racial change.
Hypoglycemic and anti-anoxia effect of polysaccharide and flavonoids in Gynura divaricata (L.)DC.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of polysaccharide and flavonoids in Gynura divaricata (L.)DC. on blood glucose and ability of anti-anoxia in mice. METHODS To establish a type Ⅱ diabetic mice(DM)model by high-fat diet combined with intraperitoneal injection of alloxan(ALX);crude polysaccharide and flavonoids were injected by gavage to mouse in high,medium and low-dose (400 mg·kg-1·d-1、200 mg·kg-1·d-1、100 mg·kg-1·d-1),while the positive control dose was 12 mg kg-1 d-1. Blood glucose and serum insulin content in mice were measured respectively after 2 weeks. The anti-anoxia time of normal mice was observed after administrated for 2 weeks. RESULTS The results showed that blood glucose of ALX-induced diabetic mice was down,and serum insulin content was up;The anti-anoxia time of nomal mice was increased.CONCLUSION Polysaccharide and flavonoids in Gynura divaricata (L.)DC. are effective in ALX-induced diabetic mice and could increase the ability of anti-anoxia.
Signal Spectral Analysis to Characterize Gland Milk Electrical Conductivity in Dairy Goats

Intramammary infection affects quality and quantity of milk. Having as final target the improving of animal health’ monitoring, this research studied the gland milk electrical conductivity (EC) signal in order to identify a possible parameter more representative of the EC variations that can be observed, during a milking, when not healthy (NH) glands are considered. Two foremilk gland samples, from 40 Saanen goats, were acquired for three weeks and lactation stages (LS: 0-60 Days In Milking; 61-120 DIM; =>120 DIM), for a total amount of 1440 samples. Bacteriological analyses and somatic cells counts (SCC) were used to define glands health status. In case of negative bacteriological analyses and SCC <1,000,000 cells/mL, glands were classified as healthy; alternatively, when bacteriological analyses were positive or SCC higher than 1,000,000 cells/mL, for two or more consecutive days, glands were classified as NH. A spectral analysis, to calculate the frequency spectrum and the bandwidth length of the milk EC signal, was performed. To validate data acquired, A MIXED procedure was used considering the HS, LS and the LS x HS as explanatory variables of the statistical model. Results showed that spectral analysis allows characterizing the milk EC variations thorough the bandwidth length parameter. This parameter has a significant relationship with the gland health status and it provides more accurate information than other traits, like the statistical variance of the signal. Therefore, it could be useful to improve the performances of multivariate models/algorithms that detect dairy goat health status.
The Effects of Sewage Water on Ultrastructure of Chlorella vulgaris and Scenedesmus quadricauda

The present work was carried out to study the effect of heavy metals from Collection station Mostorod Greater Cairo Egypt in Chlorella vulgaris and Scenedesmus quadricauda on amino acids content and ultrastructure. Results obtained revealed that the content of amino acids was increased gradually at all different concentrations of heavy metals (25%, 50%, 75% and 100%) compared to control. Cellular damage was studied by transmission electron microscope. It was observed that Chlorella vulgaris and Scenedesmus quadricauda when exposed to different concentrations of heavy metals revealed drastic changes in the overall ultrastructure such as the chloroplast separated far from the wall, the lamelly of the chloroplast appeared to be separated from each other, the pyrenoid disappeared and electro dense granular bodies identified as polyphosphate granules, appeared apparently in the cells. Damage to the algae ultrastructure was more severe with elevated heavy metal concentrations.These responses of Chlorella vulgaris and Scenedesmus quadricauda indicated their tolerance of heavy metal stress.
Effect of dicyandiamide (DCD) on nitrous oxide emissions from cow urine deposited on a pasture soil, as influenced by DCD application method and rate

Animal urine deposited on pastoral soils during grazing is recognised as a dominant source of nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions. The nitrification inhibitor, dicyandiamide (DCD), is a potential mitigation technology to control N2O emissions from urine patches on grazed pastures. One delivery option is to include DCD in animal feed so that the DCD is targeted directly in the urine patch when excreted in the animal urine. The hypothesis tested in the present study was that DCD in urine, excreted by cows that were orally administered with DCD, would have the same effect as DCD added to urine after the urine is excreted. The study also aimed to determine the most effective DCD rate for reducing N2O emissions. Fresh dairy cow urine (700 kg N per ha) was applied to a free-draining silt loam pastoral soil in Waikato, New Zealand, in May (late autumn) or July (winter) of 2014, and was mixed with DCD at rates of 0, 10, 30 and 60 kg/ha. In late autumn, there was an equivalent treatment of urine (containing 60 kg DCD per ha) from DCD-treated cows. A static chamber technique was used to determine gaseous N2O emissions. An annual emission factor (EF3; the percentage of applied urine N lost as N2O-N) of 0.23% or 0.21% was found following late-autumn or winter applications of urine without DCD. Late-autumn application of urine containing DCD from oral administration to cows had the same significant reduction effect on N2O emissions as did DCD that was mixed with urine after excretion, at the equivalent DCD application rate of 60 kg/ha. Application of urine with DCD mixed with the urine after excretion at varying DCD rates showed a significant (P < 0.05) linear decrease in both N2O emissions and EF3 values.
Two stage revision limb salvage procedure for a malignant bone tumour following periprosthetic infection: A case report and review of literature

Limb salvage surgery with endoprosthetic reconstruction is the standard of care in the management of extremity sarcomas of bone and soft tissues. Furthermore, adding neoadjuvant chemotherapy to the treatment protocol has increased the rates of limb salvage surgeries. Periprosthetic infection is an undesirable complication of the surgery the management of which is very challenging. Patients with Periprosthetic Joint Infection are treated in stages, firstly the prosthesis is removed with thorough debridement with or without placement of spacer followed by antibiotic treatment and later reimplantation of new prosthesis. Two stage procedure has been shown to have better results compared to single stage treatment of periprosthetic infection. Here we describe the case report of a patient who had osteochondroma of the right proximal tibia, treated with proximal tibial resection and custom mega prosthesis reconstruction and he had periprosthetic infection which treated in two stages and a review of literature of the treatment of periprosthetic joint infection.
Investigation on intestinal microflora of elderly patients with spleen deficiency by 16S rDNA DGGE analysis

Objective:To investigate the intestinal microflora of healthy subjects and elderly patients with spleen deficiency and reveal the relationship of intestinal microfiora and spleen deficiency.Methods:Human intestinal microflora 16S rDNA fingerprinting was constructed by 16S rDNA DGGE,comparing the difference between healthy subjects and elderly spleen deficiency patients by similarity analyses(including Unweighted Pair Group Method with Arithmetic cluster analysis,Multi-dimension Analysis,Principal Component Analysis). Results:It was found that the intestinal microflora composition of deficiency of spleen yang,deficiency of spleen qi and deficiency of both spleen qi and spleen yang patients were distinct.Futhermore,the intestinal microflora composition of spleen deficiency subjects varied with different subcategories,symptoms and course of diseases.Conclusions:The 16S rDNA DGGE fingerprint can reveal the changes of intestinal microflora.Our study investigated the intestinal microflora of elderly patients with spleen deficiency,which could contribute to modernization of traditional Chinese medicine.