Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Nucleotide Sequence and Characterization of the Gene Coding for a Thermostable Heme O Synthase from the Thermophilic Bacillus PS3

The whole caaF-caaE-caaABCD gene cluster, contains two open reading frames (caaE and caaF seem to be coding for the proteins related to heme biosynthesis pathway) on the 5’-upstream of the caa 3 -type cytochrome c oxidase structural genes (caaA, caaB, caaC, and caaD), was isolated from a genomic DNA library of the thermophilic bacterium Bacillus PS3. The caaE gene and its flanking regions were identified. The deduced amino acid sequence of the caaE product is composed of 309 amino acid residues, and is homologous to that of the cyoE product (heme O synthase) of bo-type ubiquinol oxidase operon from Escherichia coli. The caaE is located on the 5’-upstream of the caaA (corresponds to subunit II of PS3 cytochrome c oxidase) apart from 77 base pairs, and there are a large stem-loop structure and promoter-like structures in this region. This promoter-like structure was needed for the in vivo expression of caaA from PS3 in E. coli. The caaF is located on the 5’-upstream of the caaE apart from 175 base pairs in the reverse direction. A recombinant E. coli cell harboring the caaF-caaE-caaABCD gene cluster of PS3 synthesized heme A. The product of caaE (CaaE) was expressed in E. coli, and had a thermostable heme O synthase (protoheme IX farnesyltransferase) activity in cytoplasmic membrane [Saiki, K. , Mogi, T. , Ishizuka, M. , and Anraku, Y. , FEBS Lett. 351(2), 385-388, 1994]. Furthermore, PS3 CaaE amino acid residues as candidates for taking part in prenyl binding, transfer, or structure preserving, and for participating heme B binding or structure preserving by the comparison among CaaE homologues are discussed.
The influence of mass loading on particle distribution in the near field of a co-annular jet

The effects of mass loading on the distribution of spherical particles in the near field of a co-annular jet have been investigated using planar laser light nephelometry. Particle concentrations were measured for nine different mass loading ratios ranging from φ = 0.19 to 1.88, in the first 15 nozzle diameters downstream. Results indicate that particle mass loading has a significant effect on the near field region. The length of the initial triangular core region of approximately uniform particle distributions varies by more than a factor of two, as does its shape. The mass loading ratio also influences the centreline particle concentration decay rates. The effects of mass loading on the signal attenuation are also assessed. Introduction Two-phase co-annular jets are widely used, for example to mix fuel and air in pulverised fuel combustion systems. The distribution of particles in the emerging jet stream plays a controlling influence on their subsequent combustion performance. However only limited data are available of particle distributions in such systems. Data for single phase co-annular jets exist [1], however the presence of particles can have a pronounced effect on the structure of the underlying gas flow field [2]. Furthering the understanding of the particle distribution will enable improvements into the combustion of co-annular pulverised fuel systems. The mass loading ratio, φ, is defined as the ratio of solid phase mass flow rate to gas phase mass flow rate,
Managing tropical multispecies fisheries with multiple objectives

The fishery is an important sector for most tropical developing countries. However, the fishing industry is, in most cases, poorly managed resulting in overcapitalization and stock depletion. Tropical fishery resource systems are difficult to manage because of their complexity and the limited information of the nature of interactions between rnultispecies and multiple gears involved. Moreover, many governments tend to view the fishery as a growth sector and sometimes are unmindful of the need to sustain the resources. The objective of this thesis is to develop a model that takes into account the interrelationships of biological, technological, economic and social factors in a typical tropical fishery. The model is estimated using data collected during a survey of the small pelagics fishery of Guimaras Strait and the Visayan Sea in the central Philippines. The analysis of the fishery proceeds in three steps. First, a biological model of the fish stocks is developed. A dynamic pool model is assumed to represent fishery population dynamics. The status of the fish stocks is evaluated by looking at the yield-per-recruit for the major small pelagic species groups. The analysis then proceeds by determining the optimal allocation of the fish catch across competing gears or fleets . The allocation process explicitly considers the technological interactions in harvesting and the simultaneous optimization of several conflicting objectives in the fishery. The final step is the analysis of alternative management schemes, The regulatory schemes considered are those potentially enforceable given the economic, social and institutional environment for the fishery. The results showed that the efficient or optimal fleet may amount to only a small fraction of the existing fleet. It is also shown that sizable fishing profits can be generated by rationalizing the fishery. However, the displacement of a large number of vessels and fishermen represents an enormous social problem. Increasing target yields through regulation of fishing selectivity does not increase significantly the efficient or optimal fleet size. This is because the current level of exploitation is close to that yielding the maximum yield-per-recruit. The results thus show the extent of overemployment and overcapitalization in the fishery-
GIS Based Landslide Susceptibility Mapping — A Case Study in Indian Himalaya

The paper presents GIS based spatial data analysis for landslide susceptibility mapping in parts of Sikkim Himalaya. Six important causative factors for landslides were selected and corresponding thematic data layers were prepared in GIS. The input data were collected from the topographic maps, satellite image, field data and published maps. Numerical weights for dierent categories of these factors were determined based on a statistical approach and then integrated in GIS environment to arrive at landslide susceptibility map of the area. The landslide susceptibility map classifies the area into five classes of landslide susceptible zones i.e., very high, high, moderate, low and very low. An attempt was also made to validate the map with the existing landslides of the area.
Teach ? The Role of the Scientific Environment on Academics ’ Multitasking

The scientific environment might influence university researchers’ job designs. In a principal–agent model, researchers must choose between substitutable tasks, publishing or teaching, according to their individual abilities and the scientific and pedagogical context that exists in their universities. This proposed model shows that scientific production can increase, regardless of researchers’ abilities, if the scientific environment favours agglomeration effects. The authors test these predictions using an original data set of French economics professors that reveals their individual investments in both teaching and publishing. The econometric results confirm that the tasks conflict and that the scientific context affects researchers’ investments in each task.
Unhappy Development: Dissatisfaction with Life in the Wake of the Arab Spring

Despite economic and social development progress in the 2000s, there has been an increasing dissatisfaction with life among the population of many developing Arab countries which at the end of the decade ranked amongst the least happy economies in the world. This situation fits the so-called ‘unhappy development’ paradox, defined as declining levels of happiness at a time of moderate to rapid economic development. This paper empirically tests the strength of association of a range of objective factors and subjective domain satisfactions with life evaluation in developing MENA in the years immediately preceding the Arab Spring uprisings (2009-2010). The findings suggest a significant, negative association between life satisfaction levels in the region during this period and each of the main perceived reasons for the 2011 uprisings dissatisfaction with the standards of living, poor labor market conditions, and ‘wasta’. JEL Classification: I31, Z13
Improved interface properties of GaN-based metal-oxide-semiconductor devices with thin Ga-oxide interlayers

The impact of thin Ga-oxide (GaOx) interlayers on the electrical properties of GaN-based metal-oxide-semiconductor (MOS) devices was systematically investigated. Thin thermal oxides formed at around 900 °C were found to be beneficial for improving the electrical properties of insulator/GaN interfaces, despite the fact that thermal oxidation of GaN surfaces at high temperatures proceeds by means of grain growth. Consequently, well-behaved capacitance-voltage characteristics of SiO2/GaOx/n-GaN stacked MOS capacitors with an interface state density (Dit) as low as 1.7 × 1011 cm−2 eV−1 were demonstrated. Moreover, the Dit value was further reduced for the SiO2/GaOx/GaN capacitor with a 2-nm-thick sputter-deposited GaOx interlayer. These results clearly indicate the intrinsically superior nature of the oxide/GaN interfaces and provide plausible guiding principles for fabricating high-performance GaN-MOS devices with thin GaOx interlayers.
Orographic Effects on Cold Surges and Lee-Cyclogenesis as Revealed by a Numerical Experiment: Part II. Transient Aspects@@@第2部擾乱場

A numerical experiment using a 10-layer hemispheric dry model produced prominent low-level cold surges and subsequent lee-cyclogenesis on the east and southeast sides of a hypothetical facsimile of the Tibetan Plateau. These phenomena were preceded by a sequence of events that occurred along the western, northern, and eastern periphery of the prescribed mountain. (1) When a major anticyclone approaches the western end of the mountain, cold air advected from the north accumulates in the lower troposphere due to the barrier effect of the east-west elongated mountain. (2) The cold air pool is then advected rapidly eastward along the northern periphery of the mountain by the prevailing low-level westerly jet. Associated with this cold air pool is the development of a small-scale edge anticyclone trapped below 700 mb near the northeastern side of the mountain. (3) The clockwise (southward) movement of the edge anticyclone is substantially reduced east of the mountain. However, it is still faster than the movement of the edge cyclone which has already passed the eastern periphery, and became nearly stagnant at the southeast corner of the mountain. The phase speed difference between the edge anticyclone to the north and the edge cyclone to the south, results in a sudden increase in the pressure gradient with prominent subgeostrophic northerlies east of the mountain. These subgeostrophic northerlies are responsible for the strong advection of cold air from the north. Here, the advected cold air pool takes a form similar to a gravity-type shock (cold) front. (4) The edge cyclone begins to shift eastward by the prevailing southwesterlies near the southeast corner of the mountain. The subsequent phase is the amalgamation of the edge cyclone with a major trough which has travelled north of the mountain along about 50•‹N. Also occurring during this merging phase is the eastward extension of cold front from the southeastern corner of the mountain to as far downstream as eastern China. The merged lee-cyclone intensifies into a major mid-latitude system due to the active baroclinic conversion process occurring around the extended cold front. To the rear of this intensified lee-cyclone are widespread northerly cold surges, which penetrate southward to the South
Scale dependency of dune erosion models : performance assessment of the DUROS and XBeach model for various experiment scales

This report represents a study to the scalability of the dune erosion models. Dune erosion models are used for the safety assessment of the sandy dunes of the Dutch coast. Presently, the safety assessment is based on the relatively simple cross-shore dune erosion model DUROS. The empirical DUROS-model is designed for alongshore uniform coastlines. Since the DUROS-model is not qualified to assess storm impact in complex cases, a more generic model that includes the long-shore dimension can be a helpful instrument. In this study the DUROS-model is compared with the generic model XBeach. The XBeach-model contains a physical description of the most important processes that are of relevance to dune erosion in both cross-shore and long-shore direction. As the dunes are assessed to normative conditions that have never occurred, most models are based on laboratory experiments. Since DUROS and XBeach are based on the samelab experiments but predict different storm impact on real scale (DUROS estimates 40% more dune erosion), the lab-prototype conversion in the two models is different.
Acetaminophen: Dose-Dependent Drug Hepatotoxicity and Acute Liver Failure in Patients

Background: Drug-induced liver injury is a rare but serious clinical problem. A number of drugs can cause severe liver injury and acute liver failure at therapeutic doses in a very limited number of patients (<1:10,000). This idiosyncratic drug-induced liver injury, which is currently not predictable in preclinical safety studies, appears to depend on individual susceptibility and the inability to adapt to the cellular stress caused by a particular drug. In striking contrast to idiosyncratic drug-induced liver injury, drugs with dose-dependent hepatotoxicity are mostly detected during preclinical studies and do not reach the market. One notable exception is acetaminophen (APAP, paracetamol), which is a safe drug at therapeutic doses but can cause severe liver injury and acute liver failure after intentional and unintentional overdoses. Key Messages: APAP overdose is responsible for more acute liver failure cases in the USA or UK than all other etiologies combined. Since APAP overdose in the mouse represents a model for the human pathophysiology, substantial progress has been made during the last decade in understanding the mechanisms of cell death, liver injury and recovery. More recently, emerging evidence based on mechanistic biomarker analysis in patients and studies of cell death in human hepatocytes suggests that most of the mechanisms discovered in mice also apply to patients. The rapid development of N-acetylcysteine as an antidote against APAP overdose was based on the early understanding of APAP toxicity in mice. However, despite the efficacy of N-acetylcysteine in patients who present early after APAP overdose, there is a need to develop intervention strategies for late-presenting patients. Conclusions: The challenges related to APAP toxicity are to better understand the mechanisms of cell death in order to limit liver injury and prevent acute liver failure, and also to develop biomarkers that better predict as early as possible who is at risk for developing acute liver failure with poor outcome.
Family caregivers’ perceptions and experiences regarding caring for older adults with chronic diseases

Family caregivers of older adults with chronic diseases are faced with challenges and health risks regarding their occupational role which influences their health, well-being and quality of life. However, there is limited research about family caregivers regarding their caregiving occupation. This study, thus aimed to explore the perceptions and experiences of family caregivers regarding caring for older adults with chronic diseases in the Western Cape, South Africa. A qualitative exploratory-descriptive research design within an interpretive approach was used for the study. Family caregivers aged 21 – 79 years were purposively recruited for the study. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with six participants to gain understanding about caregiving and analysed using thematic analysis. Three themes emerged: “God gives his hardest battles to his strongest soldiers”, “Keeping ones head above water”, and “It’s not what it seems”. These findings highlighted the importance of occupational balance among family caregivers as they experienced difficulties while caring for older adults with chronic diseases. Therefore, this study contributes to the knowledge for occupational therapists who provide interventions to older adults and family to consider their health needs. Thus, occupational therapists may need to develop programmes that focus on family caregivers’ strategies to enhance their occupational balance. Keywords: family caregivers, perceptions, experiences, caring, older adults, chronic diseases
Main topic

Evidence-based medicine has considerably advanced the treatment of highly prevalent cardiovascular diseases. Its implementation was driven bymulticenter interventional trials in treatment and placebo cohorts, propelling numerous biomedical innovations toward standard of care. While a uniform treatment can be effective in such disease cohorts (“one size fits all”), it neglects the genetic and phenotypic individuality of a single patient and his or her disease. Accordingly, a recent observation was made that several newer “mega” trials, demanding considerable resources for their execution, showed statistically significant differences in outcome, however, with small overall efficacies that render implementation in the clinics unlikely. To overcome this concerning development, new methods for individualized treatment of cardiovascular disease are required. Rarer conditions, such as distinct cardiomyopathies, may deliver the blueprint for a paradigm shift: deep and precise phenotyping of individual patients by a multimodal approach and development of targeted treatments for smaller groups (“one treatment for many”) or even for single patients (“one treatment of some”).
Fast Tracking the Fundamental component in Synchrophasors applications using the Recursive Corrected Phase Wavelet Transform

This paper presents the use of Recursive Corrected Phase Wavelet Transform to track harmonic components (always present in Power Systems), in order to determine the fundamental frequency “as soon as possible”, to provide appropriate input values to a non-linear algorithm that can accurately approach in only one cycle the amplitude and phase of the fundamental frequency. This technique is useful in real-time synchrophasors applications, specially for load identification and characterization. Based on the deepest descend method, the algorithm has less computational effort in comparison with phased locked loop.
Fairness and Redistribution: the Case of Latin

Following the suggestion of modern egalitarians, the model proposed by Alesina & Angeletos (2005) sets up a fairness rule based on composition of equality, designated by the weights of effort and luck. However, empirical evidence for a set of Latin American countries suggests that, unlike devel- oped countries, these societies do not have a well-established view about the role of merit on economic outcome. Therefore, this paper proposes a theoretical framework based on a new fairness rule, namely the perception that the country does not offer everyone with the same opportunities. The new parame- terization leads to a unique and stable equilibrium, character- ized by an intermediate level of taxation between the equilibria of the "U.S." and of "Europe".
Does education improve citizenship ? Evidence from the U . S . and the U .

Many studies document an association between schooling and civic participation, but none credibly investigate causal links. We explore the effect of extra schooling induced through compulsory schooling laws on the likelihood of becoming politically involved in the US and the UK. We find that educational attainment is related to several measures of political interest and involvement in both countries. We find a strong and robust relationship between education and voting for the US, but not for the UK. Our US results approach the UK findings when conditioning on registration, possibly indicating that registration rules present a barrier to participation. JEL I20, H80.
Ice dynamics and glacial history from remote sensing of the Seno Skyring-Seno Otway-Strait of Magellan region, southernmost Patagonia

The glacial geomorphology of southernmost Patagonia records the advance and retreat of the Patagonian ice sheet over a number of glacial cycles. The well-preserved landform assemblages and sediments that have been left behind comprise one of the longest and most complete records of Quaternary glaciations in the world. Despite this, little is known about the pre-Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) ice sheet dynamics in a number of areas, particularly around the Strait of Magellan. This study has mapped in detail the glacial geomorphology of the Seno Skyring-Seno Otway-Strait of Magellan region from a combination of Landsat and ASTER satellite imagery and oblique and aerial photographs for the purposes of reconstructing the ice sheet dynamics. A wide variety of glacial landforms have been mapped, including glacial lineations, moraine ridges, meltwater channels, outwash plains and palaeo-shorelines. The most distinct features within the study area are highly elongate streamlined glacial lineations on the western side of the Strait of Magellan. A landsystems approach has been employed in order to decipher this group of lineations and three potentially plausible landsystems are evaluated: a palaeo-ice stream, a surging glacier, and an ice-marginal terrestrial landsystem. Based on the characteristic shape, dimensions and abrupt lateral margin of the flow-set, the lateral variation in lineation length and elongation ratios, and the presence of a potentially-deformable bed, these lineations are interpreted as being diagnostic of a terrestrial palaeo-ice stream. It is suggested that the initiation of ice streaming was caused by calving into one of two ice-dammed proglacial lakes. The lakes were located within the former Seno Skyring and Seno Otway ice lobes, which are well-defined by arcuate sequences of moraine ridges. The westernmost of the lakes, proglacial Lake Skyring, is delimited by a series of palaeo-shorelines surrounding the present-day lake Laguna Blanca. The size and orientation of meltwater channels and an outwash plain suggests that proglacial Lake Skyring drained eastwards towards the Strait of Magellan in an abrupt event. The ice sheet has been reconstructed at 10 time-steps, documenting stages of both advance and retreat. An attempt has been made to place this reconstruction within the framework of the wider glacial chronology of the region. From this, it is suggested that ice stream activity contributed to the rapid deglaciation of this sector of the ice sheet during the penultimate glaciation. Future work should focus on applying fieldwork to help validate the interpretations of this study. This should include dating of the landforms and sediments that have been mapped in order to improve the pre-LGM glacial chronology of this region, which is currently poorly-constrained.