Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
On convergence of monotone finite difference schemes with variable spatial differencing

Monotone finite difference schemes used to approximate solutions of scalar conservation laws have the advantage that these approximations can be proved to converge to the proper solution as the mesh size tends to zero. The greatest disadvantage in using such approximating schemes is the computational expense encountered since monotone schemes can have at best first order accuracy. Computation savings and effective accuracy could be gained if the spatial mesh were refined in regions of expected rapid solution variation. In this paper we prove that standard monotone difference schemes, (satisfying a fairly unrestrictive CFL condition), converge to the "correct" physical solution even in the case when a nonuniform spatial mesh is employed.
The Influence of Social Media Communication, Product Quality, and Promotion on Purchase Intention

Abstract: In the last 10 years, Indonesia's beauty and personal care industry grew around 12%, with a market value of 33 trillion Rupiah in 2016. The business in Indonesia is predicted to experience the largest growth compared to other countries in Southeast Asia. This raises interest in analyzing the factors influencing consumer purchase intention in body care products. The purpose of this study was to analyze the influence of social media communication, product quality, and promotion on purchase intention. The data collection method is a survey method with questionnaires. The sample size was 105 respondents. Multiple linear regression analysis techniques were used to test the influence of the independent variable on the dependent variable. The study's results found that social media communication, product quality, and promotion positively and significantly influence purchase intention. The brand needs to build good relationships with consumers through social media to encourage purchase intention. In terms of quality, the brand should be able to create a unique and distinctive quality that consumers can accept. In the promotion aspect, the brand should show a responsible attitude when complaints occur, such as providing a money-back guarantee.
Prevalence of Asymptomatic Malaria Parasitemia among Blood Donors in Cape Coast, Ghana: A Cross-Sectional Study

Background Malaria is an important transfusion-associated infection in many parts of the world, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa, where it is endemic. We studied the prevalence of malaria parasites among blood donors in the Cape Coast Metropolitan Area. Methods A malaria parasite examination was added to the blood donor screening protocol for 240 voluntary and replacement blood donors (224 males and 16 females) between December 2020 and July 2021. Results Overall, 2.5% (6/240) had Plasmodium falciparum trophozoites detected in their blood sample. The remaining had no parasites detected. Four of the 148 who passed the blood donor screening tests were infected. The remaining two with malaria parasites failed one screening test. These included one donor with “hepatitis B + P. falciparum” and another with “syphilis + P. falciparum” parasite coinfection. All blood donors who had malaria parasites detected in their blood were males. Most donors, 45.8% (110/240), were in the 26–35 age group, with the highest prevalence of 1.3% (3/240). Blood group O was predominant (75.0%, 180/240), followed by B (12.9%, 31/240), A (11.3%, 27/240), and AB (0.8%, 2/240). All malaria parasites detected were among individuals with blood group O. Moreover, 96.3% (231/240) were rhesus-positive and had the highest prevalence of 2.1% (5/240). Conclusions Screening of blood donors in Ghana does not include malaria, although there is the potential for transmission through blood products. Malaria transmission via blood transfusion remains an issue of public health concern, as indicated in the results of this current study. We recommend studies on malaria prevention, pretransfusion and posttransfusion, and pathogen reduction technology.
On the resolution of conflict in dual process theories of reasoning

In this paper, I show that the question of how dual process theories of reasoning and judgement account for conflict between System 1 (heuristic) and System 2 (analytic) processes needs to be explicated and addressed in future research work. I demonstrate that a simple additive probability model that describes such conflict can be mapped on to three different cognitive models. The pre-emptive conflict resolution model assumes that a decision is made at the outset as to whether a heuristic or analytic process will control the response. The parallel-competitive model assumes that each system operates in parallel to deliver a putative response, resulting sometimes in conflict that then needs to be resolved. Finally, the default-interventionist model involves the cueing of default responses by the heuristic system that may or may not be altered by subsequent intervention of the analytic system. A second, independent issue also emerges from this discussion. The superior performance of higher-ability participants on reasoning tasks may be due to the fact that they engage in more analytic reasoning (quantity hypothesis) or alternatively to the fact that the analytic reasoning they apply is more effective (quality hypothesis).
Why Are X Autosome Rearrangements so Frequent in Beetles? A Study of 50 Cases

Amongst the 460 karyotypes of Polyphagan Coleoptera that we studied, 50 (10.8%) were carriers of an X autosome rearrangement. In addition to mitotic metaphase analysis, the correct diagnosis was performed on meiotic cells, principally at the pachytene stage. The percentages of these inter-chromosomal rearrangements, principally fusions, varied in relation to the total diploid number of chromosomes: high (51%) below 19, null at 19, low (2.7%) at 20 (the ancestral and modal number), and slightly increasing from 7.1% to 16.7% from 22 to above 30. The involvement of the X in chromosome fusions appears to be more than seven-fold higher than expected for the average of the autosomes. Examples of karyotypes with X autosome rearrangements are shown, including insertion of the whole X in the autosome (ins(A;X)), which has never been reported before in animals. End-to-end fusions (Robertsonian translocations, terminal rearrangements, and pseudo-dicentrics) are the most frequent types of X autosome rearrangements. As in the 34 species with a 19,X formula, there was no trace of the Y chromosome in the 50 karyotypes with an X autosome rearrangement, which demonstrates the dispensability of this chromosome. In most instances, C-banded heterochromatin was present at the X autosome junction, which suggests that it insulates the gonosome from the autosome portions, whose genes are subjected to different levels of expression. Finally, it is proposed that the very preferential involvement of the X in inter-chromosome rearrangements is explained by: (1) the frequent acrocentric morphology of the X, thus the terminal position of constitutive heterochromatin, which can insulate the attached gonosomal and autosomal components; (2) the dispensability of the Y chromosome, which considerably minimizes the deleterious consequences of the heterozygous status in male meiosis, (3) following the rapid loss of the useless Y chromosome, the correct segregation of the X autosome–autosome trivalent, which ipso facto is ensured by a chiasma in its autosomal portion.
The correlation between serum creatine kinase with low muscle mass in type 2 diabetes patients

Creatine kinase (CK), the key enzyme in regulating energy metabolism, is demonstrated to be correlated with insulin resistance. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is considered as a risk factor for developing low muscle mass. The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate whether serum CK is associated with low muscle mass in T2DM patients. This cross-sectional study enrolled a consecutive population of 1086 T2DM patients recruited from the inpatients in our department. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry was utilized to detect the skeletal muscle index (SMI). In all, 117 males (20.24%) and 72 females (16.51%) showed low muscle mass in T2DM patients. CK was associated with a reduced risk of low muscle mass in male and female T2DM patients. SMI was correlated with age, duration of diabetes, body mass index (BMI), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), triglyceride, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and CK in male subjects analyzed using linear regression. Linear regression analysis showed that SMI was correlated with age, BMI, DBP, and CK in female subjects. In addition, CK was correlated with BMI and fasting plasma glucose in male and female T2DM groups. CK is inversely correlated with low muscle mass in T2DM patients.
Destabilizing effect of compressibility on Rayleigh–Taylor instability for fluids with fixed density profile

Analytical solutions for the growth rate of the Rayleigh–Taylor instability (RTI) for two superimposed fluids of exponentially varying densities are obtained by variational approach, which has been introduced to solve the eigenvalue problems related to RTI for inviscid compressible fluid. In order to distinguish the effect of density profile from compressibility effects, two independent parameters have been introduced to describe the static fluid states, one (Pa) is for the variation of pressure near the interface and the other (Pb) for setting the density profile. Three factors related to the RTI growth for compressible fluids have been discussed in detail. For incompressible fluids, the only factor to affect the RTI growth is the density profile. While for compressible fluids, besides the density profile, the specific heat ratio and the interface pressure also contribute to the growth rate of RTI. Analytic dispersion relations and growth rates have been compared to numerical results. It is found that co.
Enzymatic Degradation of Zearalenone in the Gastrointestinal Tract of Pigs, Chickens, and Rainbow Trout

The estrogenic mycotoxin zearalenone (ZEN) is a common contaminant of animal feed. Effective strategies for the inactivation of ZEN in feed are required. The ZEN-degrading enzyme zearalenone hydrolase ZenA (EC 3.1.1.-, commercial name ZENzyme®, BIOMIN Holding GmbH, Getzersdorf, Austria) converts ZEN to hydrolyzed ZEN (HZEN), thereby enabling a strong reduction in estrogenicity. In this study, we investigated the efficacy of ZenA added to feed to degrade ZEN in the gastrointestinal tract of three monogastric animal species, i.e., pigs, chickens, and rainbow trout. For each species, groups of animals received (i) feed contaminated with ZEN (chickens: 400 µg/kg, pigs: 200 µg/kg, rainbow trout: 2000 µg/kg), (ii) feed contaminated with ZEN and supplemented with ZenA, or (iii) uncontaminated feed. To investigate the fate of dietary ZEN in the gastrointestinal tract in the presence and absence of ZenA, concentrations of ZEN and ZEN metabolites were analyzed in digesta of chickens and rainbow trout and in feces of pigs. Upon ZenA administration, concentrations of ZEN were significantly decreased and concentrations of the degradation product HZEN were significantly increased in digesta/feces of each investigated animal species, indicating degradation of ZEN by ZenA in the gastrointestinal tract. Moreover, upon addition of ZenA to the diet, the concentration of the highly estrogenic ZEN metabolite α-ZEL was significantly reduced in feces of pigs. In conclusion, ZenA was effective in degrading ZEN to HZEN in the gastrointestinal tract of chickens, pigs, and rainbow trout, and counteracted formation of α-ZEL in pigs. Therefore, ZenA could find application as a ZEN-degrading feed additive for these animal species.
A study of metal abundance patterns in cool white dwarfs. III: Comparison of the predictions of the two-phase accretion model with the observations

We compare the predictions of our two-phase accretion model with all the observations currently available on the metal-line phenomenon in cool white dwarfs. The model is based on a simplified picture of the interstellar medium, but makes specific predictions as to the presence of metals in the photospheres of these stars. We find that the gross observed metal abundance patterns are very well accounted for within the framework of the model. For many individual stars, it is also possible to infer directly the accretion rates necessary to maintain the photospheric metal abundances. These rates agree remarkably well with the estimates of the accretion rates from denser patches of the interstellar medium which we used in our idealized numerical simulations, thus providing an important self-consistency check
Superconvergence of H 1-Galerkin Mixed Finite Element Methods for Second-Order Elliptic Equations

We derive superconvergence result for H 1-Galerkin mixed finite element method for second-order elliptic equations over rectangular partitions. Compared to standard mixed finite element procedure, the method is not subject to the Ladyzhenskaya–Babŭska–Brezzi (LBB) condition and the approximating finite element spaces are allowed to be of different polynomial degrees. Superconvergence estimate of order 𝒪(h k+3), where k ≥ 1 is the order of the approximating polynomials employed in the Raviart–Thomas elements, is established for the flux via a postprocessing technique.
Thermal observations of MUSES-C mission target (25143) 1998 SF$_\mathsf{36}$

We present thermal observations of MUSES-C mission target, (25143) 1998 SF 36 . The mid-IR radiation in the N -band (11.9 μ m) was measured using the ESO 3.6 m telescope with TIMMI2. Assuming the Standard Thermal Model and combining the thermal flux in the N -band with the time-resolved absolute magnitude in optical, the derived diameter and the geometric albedo are 0.35 ( ± 0.03) km and 0.23 (+0.07, -0.05), respectively. While these values are model-dependent, we conclude that this Apollo class asteroid is of small size and its albedo is consistent with spectroscopic classification as an S-type asteroid.
Chronic Kidney Disease—Mineral and Bone Disorder (CKD-MBD), from Bench to Bedside

Chronic kidney disease—mineral and bone disorder (CKD-MBD) is a systemic disorder that increases the risk of morbidity and mortality in dialysis patients. CKD-MBD is highly prevalent in dialysis patients, and appropriate treatment is important for improving their outcomes. Inorganic phosphate, fibroblast growth factor 23, parathyroid hormone, and calciprotein particles are markers for critical components and effectors of CKD-MBD, and higher circulating levels of these markers are linked to cardiovascular diseases. In this short review, we focus on the pathogenesis and management of CKD-MBD in CKD patients, especially those on dialysis therapy, and discuss the prospects for improving the management in CKD patients, including those on dialysis.
Global warming intensity of biofuel derived from switchgrass grown on marginal land in Michigan

Energy crops for biofuel production, especially switchgrass (Panicum virgatum), are of interest from a climate change perspective. Here, we use outputs from a crop growth model and life cycle assessment (LCA) to examine the global warming intensity (GWI; g CO2 MJ−1) and greenhouse gas (GHG) mitigation potential (Mg CO2 year−1) of biofuel systems based on a spatially explicit analysis of switchgrass grown on marginal land (abandoned former cropland) in Michigan, USA. We find that marginal lands in Michigan can annually produce over 0.57 hm3 of liquid biofuel derived from nitrogen‐fertilized switchgrass, mitigating 1.2–1.5 Tg of CO2 year−1. About 96% of these biofuels can meet the Renewable Fuel Standard (60% reduction in lifecycle GHG emissions compared with conventional gasoline; GWI ≤37.2 g CO2 MJ−1). Furthermore, 73%–75% of these biofuels are carbon‐negative (GWI less than zero) due to enhanced soil organic carbon (SOC) sequestration. However, simulations indicate that SOC levels would fail to increase and even decrease on the 11% of lands where SOC stocks >>200 Mg C ha−1, leading to carbon intensities greater than gasoline. Results highlight the strong climate mitigation potential of switchgrass grown on marginal lands as well as the needs to avoid carbon rich soils such as histosols and wetlands and to ensure that productivity will be sufficient to provide net mitigation.
The distorted-wave impulse approximation for electron capture processes at intermediate collision energies

The author presents exact calculations of the distorted-wave impulse approximation for electron capture by fast protons from hydrogen and by lithium ions from neon. Results for total and differential cross sections are presented, and comparison is made with other models of electron capture as well as experimental measurements. A detailed derivation of the impulse approximation is presented within the framework of the distorted-wave approximation, and its relation to the strong-potential Born approximation is clarified. It is indicated that the approximations involved in the impulse approximation are less severe than those of the Born approximation for simple rearrangement collisions. The validity of certain peaking approximations is analysed. The implications for highly asymmetric and nearly symmetric charge transfer collisions are briefly discussed.
Restorative Effects of Park Visiting on Physiology, Psychology, and Society and the Factors Influencing Park Visiting

Park visits are beneficial for people’s physical and psychological health, as well as for the development of social relationships. This study investigated the degree of recovery of physical, psychological, and social aspects of residents in different types of parks and the influence of socio-demographic factors, personal factors, residential space attributes, and park characteristics on park visitation. The results show that tourists visiting urban parks have higher physiological and social recovery than those visiting suburban parks and that there are significant differences. Physical exercise, rest and relaxation, and spending time with family and children were the three most prevalent factors influencing park visits, while time constraints were the most important reason why residents failed to use parks. Socio demographics, residential spatial attributes, individual variables, and park characteristics explained 13.6%, 16.7%, 4.6%, and 2.9% of the total variance in park visit frequency, respectively. Residential green space, age, children under age seven, time spent in residential green space, willingness to spend time in nature, greenery, maintenance, and amenities were positively associated with park use. Income, education, home price, and distance from home to the park were negatively associated with park use. These findings have implications for park management and for future research.
Developmental Differentiations of Major Maize Stemborers Due to Global Warming in Temperate and Tropical Climates

Simple Summary Crop pest damage is expected to increase worldwide due to global warming. However, pest insect responses to global warming are complex, and a better understanding of the impacts of future temperature changes on pest insect populations is needed to ensure food security. Maize is a particularly important crop at all latitudes, making assessment of the impact of global warming on the development of maize stemborers in temperate and tropical climates critical. Stemborers are moths whose larvae feed on maize and tunnel through stems and ears, causing direct and indirect yield losses. We used mathematical models that relate the development of insects to temperature for four species found in Europe, North America, and sub-Saharan Africa. We quantified the positive and negative impacts of temperature projected under different climate change scenarios on the immature developmental stages of the four species. We found that global warming could either be beneficial or detrimental to pest development, depending on the optimal temperature for the development of the species and climate change scenarios. These results, within their limits, help to clarify stemborers’ responses to global warming across latitudes, and show that in the long term, the development of stemborers could be altered. This alteration will result either in delayed development or accelerated development, and may consequently impact stemborer dynamics. Abstract While many insects are in decline due to global warming, the effect of rising temperatures on crop insect pests is uncertain. A capacity to understand future changes in crop pest populations remains critical to ensure food security. Using temperature-dependent mathematical models of the development of four maize stemborers in temperate and tropical regions, we evaluated the potential impacts of different climate change scenarios on development time. While recognizing the limitations of the temperature-dependent development rate approach, we found that global warming could either be beneficial or detrimental to pest development, depending on the optimal temperature for the development of the species and scenarios of climate change. Expected responses range from null development to 1.5 times faster development than expected today. These results suggest that in the medium term, the studied species could benefit from global warming with an accelerated development, while in the long term, their development could either be delayed or accelerated, which may impact their dynamics with implications on maize cultivation.
Perception of Pharmacists About the High-Risk/Alert Medications in Saudi Arabia Abstract

Objectives: To demonstrate the perception of pharmacists about the High-Risk/ Alert medications in Saudi Arabia. Methods: It analyzes a cross-sectional survey that discussed the perception of pharmacists about High-Risk/Alert medications in Saudi Arabia. The survey consisted of respondents’ demographic information about pharmacists and The Perception of High-Risk/Alert Medications, barriers, which factors may Discourage you from implementing High-Risk/Alert medications, and recommendations/suggestions for facilitating the implementation of High-Risk/Alert medicines. The 5-point Likert response scale system was used with closed-ended questions.
Medical-Grade Honey Enhances the Healing of Caesarean Section Wounds and Is Similarly Effective to Antibiotics Combined with Povidone-Iodine in the Prevention of Infections—A Prospective Cohort Study

Caesarean sections (CS) are becoming increasingly popular. The antibiotic resistance crisis and relentless risk of infections, especially in developing countries, demand alternative treatment options. Medical-grade honey (MGH) exerts antimicrobial and healing properties. This study aims to evaluate the effect of MGH treatment on CS wound healing and postoperative complications when compared to conventional treatment (antibiotics in combination with povidone-iodine). In this prospective cohort study, 766 CS patients were included and evenly divided into two groups. The treatment group (n = 383) received an MGH-based formulation (L-Mesitran Soft) and the control group (n = 383) received antibiotics (Amoxicillin) combined with povidone-iodine. The wound healing time and complication rate were determined for both groups, and subsequently, predisposing factors for complications among the baseline characteristics and non-patient-related parameters were determined. The baseline characteristics were similar for both study groups, supporting a homogenous distribution. Postoperative complications were experienced by 19.3% of the patients in the control group and 18.8% in the treatment (MGH) group. The treatment group experienced significantly more superficial pus discharge than the control group, while the latter experienced significantly more deeper pus discharge. BMI, age, duration of hospitalization, anesthesia, and duration of CS could affect the complication risk. MGH significantly enhanced wound healing until day 42. On average, the healing time with MGH was 19.12 ± 7.760 days versus 24.54 ± 8.168 days in the control group. MGH is a potent alternative treatment to antibiotics and povidone-iodine because while the complication risk is similar, MGH has additional benefits. MGH promotes wound healing and does not bear the risk of resistance.