Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Customer as a Source of Open Innovation in the Tourism Sector

This chapter analyzes the implementation of open innovation supported by social media, aiming to make it more effective in the tourism sector. Regression analysis is used to verify the relationships between competitive environment, research and development (R&D)/innovation level, external openness, and open innovation implementation using a sample of 135 tourism companies in the south of Spain and Portugal. The potential of social media as an instrument for customer involvement in innovation processes is verified, as is the ongoing adoption of open innovation as a competitiveness strategy in the tourism industry. Regarding the practical implications, open innovation is becoming established and there is strategic support from social media. However, there is a lack of models to give structure to this new paradigm and allow its management. The originality of this chapter lies in combining the models proposed by Narver and Slater and Atuahene-Gima regarding the ways in which companies can approach open innovation.
A Comparison of Hybrid Machine Learning Algorithms for the Retrieval of Wheat Biophysical Variables from Sentinel-2

This study focuses on the comparison of hybrid methods of estimation of biophysical variables such as leaf area index (LAI), leaf chlorophyll content (LCC), fraction of absorbed photosynthetically active radiation (FAPAR), fraction of vegetation cover (FVC), and canopy chlorophyll content (CCC) from Sentinel-2 satellite data. Different machine learning algorithms were trained with simulated spectra generated by the physically-based radiative transfer model PROSAIL and subsequently applied to Sentinel-2 reflectance spectra. The algorithms were assessed against a standard operational approach, i.e., the European Space Agency (ESA) Sentinel Application Platform (SNAP) toolbox, based on neural networks. Since kernel-based algorithms have a heavy computational cost when trained with large datasets, an active learning (AL) strategy was explored to try to alleviate this issue. Validation was carried out using ground data from two study sites: one in Shunyi (China) and the other in Maccarese (Italy). In general, the performance of the algorithms was consistent for the two study sites, though a different level of accuracy was found between the two sites, possibly due to slightly different ground sampling protocols and the range and variability of the values of the biophysical variables in the two ground datasets. For LAI estimation, the best ground validation results were obtained for both sites using least squares linear regression (LSLR) and partial least squares regression, with the best performances values of R2 of 0.78, rott mean squared error (RMSE) of 0.68 m2 m−2 and a relative RMSE (RRMSE) of 19.48% obtained in the Maccarese site with LSLR. The best results for LCC were obtained using Random Forest Tree Bagger (RFTB) and Bagging Trees (BagT) with the best performances obtained in Maccarese using RFTB (R2 = 0.26, RMSE = 8.88 μg cm−2, RRMSE = 17.43%). Gaussian Process Regression (GPR) was the best algorithm for all variables only in the cross-validation phase, but not in the ground validation, where it ranked as the best only for FVC in Maccarese (R2 = 0.90, RMSE = 0.08, RRMSE = 9.86%). It was found that the AL strategy was more efficient than the random selection of samples for training the GPR algorithm.
Fundamental properties of core-collapse Supernova and GRB progenitors: predicting the look of massive stars before death

We investigate the fundamental properties of core-collapse Supernova (SN) progenitors from single stars at solar meta llicity. For this purpose, we combine Geneva stellar evolutionary models with initial masses of Mini = 20− 120 M⊙ with atmospheric/wind models using the radiative transfer code CMFGEN. We provide synthetic photometry and high-resolution spectra of hot stars at t he pre-SN stage. For models with Mini = 9− 20 M⊙, we supplement our analysis using publicly available MARCS model atmospheres of RSGs to estimate their synthetic photometry. We employ well-established observational criteria of spectroscopic classifi cation and find that massive stars, depending on their initial mass and rotation , end their lives as red supergiants (RSG), yellow hypergian ts (YHG), luminous blue variables (LBV), and Wolf-Rayet (WR) stars of the WN and WO spectral types. For rotating models, we obtained the following types of SN progenitors: WO1‐3 (Mini ≥ 32 M⊙), WN10‐11 (25 40 M⊙), WN7‐8 (25< Mini ≤ 40 M⊙), WN11h/LBV (20< Mini ≤ 25 M⊙), and RSGs (9≤ Mini ≤ 20 M⊙). Our rotating models indicate that SN IIP progenitors are all RSG, SN IIL/b progenitors are 56% LBVs and 44% YHGs, SN Ib progenitors are 96% WN10-11 and 4% WOs, and SN Ic progenitors are all WO stars. We find that n ot necessarily the most massive and luminous SN progenitors are the brighter ones in a given filter, since this depends on t heir luminosity, temperature, wind density, and how the spectral energy distribution compares to a filter bandpass. We find that SN IIP progenitors (RSGs) are bright in the RI JHKS filters and faint in the U B filters. SN IIL /b progenitors (LBVs and YHGs), and SN Ib progenitors (WNs) are relatively bright in optical/infrared filters, while SN Ic progenitors (WOs) are faint in all optical filters. We argu e that SN Ib and Ic progenitors from single stars should be undetectable in the available pre-explosion images with the current magnitude limits, in agreement with observational results.
Dietary intake of n 2 3 and n 2 6 fatty acids and the risk of clinical depression in women: a 10-y prospective follow-up study 1–4

Background: The associations between different sources of dietary n 2 3 (omega-3) and n 2 6 (omega-6) fatty acids and the risk of depression have not been prospectively studied. Objective: The objective was to examine the relation between different n 2 3 and n 2 6 types with clinical depression incidence. Design: We prospectively studied 54,632 US women from the Nurses’ Health Study who were 50–77 y of age and free from depressive symptoms at baseline. Information on diet was obtained from validated food-frequency questionnaires. Clinical depression was deﬁned as reporting both physician-diagnosed depression and regular antidepressant medication use. Results: During 10 y of follow-up (1996–2006), 2823 incident cases of depression were documented. Intake of long-chain n 2 3 fatty acids from ﬁsh was not associated with depression risk [rela-tive risk (RR) for 0.3-g/d increment: 0.99; 95% CI: 0.88, 1.10], whereas a -linolenic acid (ALA) intake was inversely associated with depression risk (multivariate RR for 0.5-g/d increment: 0.82; 95% CI: 0.71, 0.94). The inverse association between ALA and depression was stronger in women with low linoleic acid (LA) intake ( P for interaction = 0.02): a 0.5-g/d increment in ALA was inversely associated with depression in the ﬁrst, second, and third LA quintiles [RR (95% CI): 0.57 (0.37, 0.87), 0.62 (0.41, 0.93), and 0.68 (0.47, 0.96), respectively] but not in the fourth and ﬁfth quintiles. Conclusions: The results of this large longitudinal study do not support a protective effect of long-chain n 2 3 from ﬁsh on depression risk. Although these data support the hypothesis that higher ALA and lower LA intakes reduce depression risk, this relation warrants further investigation.
Extending Content-Focused Professional Development through Online Communities of Practice

Abstract This mixed method case study provides insights about how the professional development of middle school teachers is facilitated through their participation in content-focused online communities of practice. A key finding from this research reveals that the online community provided teachers with enhanced opportunities to share ideas, to discuss issues, and to make new connections with colleagues as well as with their principal. In addition, teachers gained curriculum-based knowledge, developed enhanced self-efficacy with respect to implementing technology, and collaborated on the development of interdisciplinary curriculum units.
LAB-1 Targets PP 1 and Restricts Aurora B Kinase upon Entrance into Meiosis to Promote Sister Chromatid Cohesion Citation

Successful execution of the meiotic program depends on the timely establishment and removal of sister chromatid cohesion. LAB-1 has been proposed to act in the latter by preventing the premature removal of the meiosis-specific cohesin REC-8 at metaphase I in C. elegans, yet the mechanism and scope of LAB-1 function remained unknown. Here we identify an unexpected earlier role for LAB-1 in promoting the establishment of sister chromatid cohesion in prophase I. LAB-1 and REC8 are both required for the chromosomal association of the cohesin complex subunit SMC-3. Depletion of lab-1 results in partial loss of sister chromatid cohesion in rec-8 and coh-4 coh-3 mutants and further enhanced chromatid dissociation in worms where all three kleisins are mutated. Moreover, lab-1 depletion results in increased Aurora B kinase (AIR-2) signals in early prophase I nuclei, coupled with a parallel decrease in signals for the PP1 homolog, GSP-2. Finally, LAB-1 directly interacts with GSP-1 and GSP-2. We propose that LAB-1 targets the PP1 homologs to the chromatin at the onset of meiosis I, thereby antagonizing AIR-2 and cooperating with the cohesin complex to promote sister chromatid association and normal progression of the meiotic program. Citation: Tzur YB, Egydio de Carvalho C, Nadarajan S, Van Bostelen I, Gu Y, et al. (2012) LAB-1 Targets PP1 and Restricts Aurora B Kinase upon Entrance into Meiosis to Promote Sister Chromatid Cohesion. PLoS Biol 10(8): e1001378. doi:10.1371/journal.pbio. 1001378 Academic Editor: R. Scott Hawley, Stowers Institute for Medical Research, United States of America Received January 3, 2012; Accepted July 11, 2012; Published August 21, 2012 Copyright: 2012 Tzur et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Funding: This work was supported by US National Institutes of Health grant R01GM072551 and a John and Virginia Kaneb Fellowship to MPC; a fellowship from The Human Frontier Science Program to YBT; US NIH grant R01GM088313 to IMC; and National Science Foundation grant MCB-0747515 and US NIH grant R15 HD068996 to DSC. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist. Abbreviations: AD, activation domain; DB, DNA binding domain; DSB, double-strand break; DSBR, double-strand break repair; FISH, fluorescence in situ hybridization; PP1, protein phosphatase 1; PP2A, protein phosphatase 2A; SC, synaptonemal complex; SCC, sister chromatid cohesion. * E-mail: mcolaiacovo@genetics.med.harvard.edu ¤ Current address: Department of Biology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
Characteristics of cattle rearing, herd composition and manifestations of climate change in the municipality of Banikoara in Benin

The current study aims to assess the breeding system, the herd structure of the cattle farm and the climate changes in the municipality of Banikoara. It appears that the majority of farmers was from Fulani ethnic group, of 46 years old and married. Livestock farming was their main activity. The main crops produced included maize, sorghum, millet and cotton. The reared animal species were composed of cattle, goats, sheep, pigs, chickens and guinea fowl with the predominance of chicken (p <0.05) . The exploited cattle breeds were Borgou, Somba Zebu Peulh, Barougoudji, Bororo, Kiwali and Ketegui with a predominance of the cattle Borgou (p <0.001). The cattle breeding systems were of traditional type. The reported age at first calving varies between 2.5 and 4 years. The calving interval fluctuates between 8 and 13 months. The best daily milk production per cow was reported in the district of 5 (8.38 liters) and lowest yields was obtained in districts 1 (p <0.05). The longevity of the animals varied between 8 and 14 years. The selection criteria used in the choice of reproductive cattle by farmers were the coat color, format, health, size of limb and conformation of limbs. The climate change manifestations in the municipality of Banikoara were reported as frequent droughts, high winds, excessive heat, scarceness of rains and frequent floods, declines of pastoral productivity, overgrazing, reduction of water resources and crop residues and shrinking corridors.
Directed aging, memory, and nature’s greed

Plastic deformation produced by external strains directs the aging of disordered materials to create unusual elastic response. Disordered materials are often out of equilibrium and evolve very slowly in a rugged and tortuous energy landscape. This slow evolution, referred to as aging, is deemed undesirable as it often leads to material degradation. However, we show that aging also encodes a memory of the stresses imposed during preparation. Because of inhomogeneous local stresses, the material itself decides how to evolve by modifying stressed regions differently from those under less stress. Because material evolution occurs in response to stresses, aging can be “directed” to produce sought-after responses and unusual functionalities that do not inherently exist. Aging obeys a natural “greedy algorithm” as, at each instant, the material simply follows the path of most rapid and accessible relaxation. Our experiments and simulations illustrate directed aging in examples in which the material’s elasticity transforms as desired because of an imposed deformation.
Institutional reform and technological practice: the case of electricity

This article proposes a framework for categorizing possible interrelations between technological and institutional change and applies this framework to the case of the restructuring of the electricity sector. It is argued that there is a need for coherence between institutions and technological practice, so as to safeguard the satisfactory functioning of electricity infrastructure. The identification of possible incoherences between institutions and technological practice allows for a better understanding of the potential drivers for change and the evolutionary processes of which they may be part. This article attempts to elaborate the nature of this co-evolution in somewhat more detail, using specific levels of analysis that are exemplified in a four-level model. In the case of the restructuring of the electricity sector, the institutional framework has changed from a public utility-oriented, towards a market-oriented system. However, the technological practice remained unchanged: a system-oriented approach that relies on centralized planning, control and operation. This discrepancy between institutions and technological practice leads to significant frictions in the functioning of the electricity sector, but it also offers opportunities for innovation. In order to make liberalization a success, it might be necessary to stimulate certain technical developments (i.e. distributed generation and intelligent networks).
Fertilizer Source and Irrigation System Affect Geranium Growth and Nitrogen Retention

Pelargonium × hortorum Bailey 'Pinto Red' plants were fertilized with equal amounts of N, P, and K derived from: 1) 100% constant liquid fertilization (CLF); 2) 50% CLF plus 50% controlled-release fertilizer (CRF); or 3) 100% CRF per pot and irrigated using hand (HD), microtube (MT), ebb-and-flow (EF), or capillary mat (CM) irrigation systems. The treatment receiving 100% CRF produced greater total dry weights, and released lower concentrations of NO 3-N, NH4-N, and PO4-P in the run-off than the 100% CLF treatment. The percentage of N lost as run-off was greatly reduced with the use of CRF. MT irrigation produced the greatest plant growth and HD irrigation produced the least. The EF system was the most water efficient, with only 4.7% of water lost as run-off. Combining the water-efficient EF system with the nutrient-efficient CRF produced the greatest percentage of N retained by plants and medium (90.7) and the lowest percentage of N lost in the run-off (1.7).
THE IMPACT OF ISO 9001 , ISO 14001 AND OHSAS 18001 CERTIFICATION ON FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE : THE CASE OF COMPANIES LISTED ON THE BUCHAREST STOCK EXCHANGE

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the impact of ISO 9001, ISO 14001 and OHSAS 18001 certification on the financial performance of Romanian companies listed on the Bucharest Stock Exchange (BSE). Based on audited financial statements of a population of 67 non-financial companies listed during 2013-2015 and using regression models, this paper shows, for the first time in Romania, that companies listed on BSE, implementing complex management systems (quality – environmental and/or occupational health and safety) perform better, and that their performance is directly linked to the complexity of the management systems implemented.
Genetic variation in a population of Bipolaris oryzae based on RAPD-PCR in north of Iran

Isolates of Bipolaris oryzae were analysed by RAPD techniques to determine the amount of intraspecific genetic variability. In order to do RAPD-PCR, seven primers were applied. At first, DNA of all isolates was isolated, and then DNA was amplified in thermocycler by using seven primers at a thermal program. As the result, segments of DNA by the size of 200 - 300 bp were produced. Cluster analysis using UPGMA method gave three groups. Levels of polymorphism were observed between DNA of different isolates. The pattern of RAPD bands could not show the direct correlation between polymorphism and climates or geographical areas. Keywords: Bipolaris oryzae , rice, genetic variation, RAPD African Journal of Biotechnology Vol. 9(36), pp. 5800-5804, 6 September, 2010
Extraction of photosynthesis-irradiance parameters from phytoplankton production data: demonstration in various aquatic systems

A method is presented for extraction of the photosynthesis-response parameters from profiles of phytoplankton production. The procedure, previously proposed but not tested, is implemented here in various types of aquatic system and a protocol is established for its use. Values of daily primary production integrated over the photic zone were estimated from in situ or simulated in situ incubations in four coastal and open-ocean marine systems, and from photosynthesis-irradiance (P‐E) curves in the afore-mentioned marine systems, as well as in two freshwater systems. The slope of the measured daily water-column production (normalised to water-column chlorophyll a biomass) plotted against the daily incident irradiance was variable from system to system (0.09 to 0.60), showing a broader range than previously reported values. Using an iterative procedure, we estimated the photosynthetic parameters from this linear relationship. Generally, estimated values lie within the 95% confidence interval of the photosynthetic parameters obtained from the P‐E curves, showing that the estimates agree well with measurements. The new method, based on the photophysiological response of the phytoplankton community, provides a way to enhance our ability to compute primary production from remote sensing of ocean colour.
Electrical Control of Spin-Mixing Conductance in a 
Y3Fe5O12/
Platinum Bilayer

We report a tunable spin mixing conductance, up to $\pm 22\%$, in a Y${}_{3}$Fe${}_{5}$O${}_{12}$/Platinum (YIG/Pt) bilayer.This control is achieved by applying a gate voltage with an ionic gate technique, which exhibits a gate-dependent ferromagnetic resonance line width. Furthermore, we observed a gate-dependent spin pumping and spin Hall angle in the Pt layer, which is also tunable up to $\pm$ 13.6\%. This work experimentally demonstrates spin current control through spin pumping and a gate voltage in a YIG/Pt bilayer, demonstrating the crucial role of the interfacial charge density for the spin transport properties in magnetic insulator/heavy metal bilayers.
Experimental Study on Stress-Strain Curve of Concrete Considering Localized Failure in Compression

One of the important factors for compressive stress-strain curves of concrete is the localization of failure. The stress-strain curve of concrete strongly depends on the aspect ratio of the concrete specimen; therefore, a unique stress-strain curve is not adequate to express the softening behavior of concrete. To overcome the problem related to the localization of failure, a series of uniaxial compressive tests of concrete specimens was conducted. From the measured energy distribution, the failed specimen was assumed to be composed of 2 or 3 zones. Then, an equation for an envelope curve involving a characteristic of compressive strength of concrete was formulated so as to match the experimental curve of each zone. Combining 2 or 3 proposed equations considering the extent of each zone could express the experimental stress-strain curve of the specimen regardless of the aspect ratio.
Paleoecologic and paleoceanographic interpretation of δ 18 O variability in Lower Ordovician conodont species

Conodont δ 18 O is increasingly used to reconstruct Paleozoic–Triassic seawater temperature changes. Less attention has been paid to δ 18 O variation in time slices across paleoenvironments, within sample assemblages, or for reconstructing the thermal structure of Paleozoic oceans. Furthermore, there have been few independent tests of conodont ecologic models based on biofacies and lithofacies distributions. Here we present the first test of ecologic models for conodonts based on δ 18 O values of a Laurentian Lower Ordovician (Floian) shelf edge–upper slope assemblage in debrites of the proximal lower slope Shallow Bay Formation, Cow Head Group, western Newfoundland. Nine species yield a 1.6–1.8‰ intra-sample δ 18 O variability based on mixed tissue and white matter-only analyses, equivalent to an ~7–8 °C range. Linear mixed models demonstrate statistically significant differences between the δ 18 O of some species, supporting the interpretation that an isotopic and temperature gradient is preserved. By considering conodont δ 18 O in a geologic context, we propose an integrated paleoecologic and paleoceanographic model with species tiered pelagically through the water column, and confirm the utility of conodonts for water-mass characterization within Paleozoic oceans.