Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Potential teratogenecity risk and prescription drug use among pregnant women attending maternal and child health clinic of Kemisse General Hospital, Northeastern, Ethiopia

Background Drug use during pregnancy requires special consideration because both fetus and the mother are affected. Drug teratogenicity is most likely to occur when drugs are taken during first trimester of pregnancy when fetal organs are formed. In addition, drugs at second and third trimester may affect the growth and functional development of the fetus or have toxic effect on fetal tissues. Objective The objective of this study was to assess potential teratogenecity risk and drug use pattern in Kemisse General Hospital. Methods An institution based cross sectional study was conducted by reviewing a one year medical records (from January 1, 2010 to December 31, 2011) of pregnant women attending maternal and child health clinic of the hospital. Systematic random sampling was employed to select a total of 263 pregnant women. Structured data abstraction format was used for collection of data and then data were coded, entered and analyzed by using Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 23. Result A total of 263 medical records of pregnant women were reviewed, of which 234 pregnant women were prescribed with a total of 430 prescription drugs. The average numbers of drugs per pregnant women was found to be 1.84. Most pregnant women 166 (63.2%) were in the third trimester and more than half of them (51.3%) were multigravida. The maximum number of drugs were prescribed in the second trimester 162 (37.67%) followed by third trimester 143(33.26%). Supplemental drugs were the most widely used medications 297 (69.07%) and followed by 82 (19.1%) drugs from category B; 54 (12.6%) drugs from category C; and the rest 7 (1.6%) drugs from category D. There was no any drug from category X. Conclusion Approximately one third of the pregnant women encountered with drugs from category B, C and D. However, there were no FDA category C and D drugs prescribed in first trimester. There was no drug utilized by pregnant women from FDA pregnancy risk category X.
Fluidic oscillator design for water removal enhancement in a PEM fuel cell

Fluidic Oscillator Design for Water Removal Enhancement in a PEM Fuel Cell Sheng Han Tseng Michigan Technological University, December, 2006 Advisor: Professor Jeffrey S. Allen This research initiative was triggered by the problems of water management of Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC). In low temperature fuel cells such as PEMFC, some of the water produced after the chemical reaction remains in its liquid state. Excess water produced by the fuel cell must be removed from the system to avoid flooding of the gas diffusion layers (GDL). The GDL is responsible for the transport of reactant gas to the active sites and remove the water produced from the sites. If the GDL is flooded, the supply gas will not be able to reach the reactive sites and the fuel cell fails. The choice of water removal method in this research is to exert a variable asymmetrical force on a liquid droplet. As the drop of liquid is subjected to an external vibrational force in the form of periodic wave, it will begin to oscillate. A fluidic oscillator is capable to produce a pulsating flow using simple balance of momentum fluxes between three impinging jets. By connecting the outputs of the oscillator to the gas channels of a fuel cell, a flow pulsation can be imposed on a water droplet formed within the gas channel during fuel cell operation. The lowest frequency produced by this design is approximately 202 Hz when a 20 inches feed-back port length was used and a supply pressure of 5 psig was introduced. This information was found by setting up a fluidic network with appropriate data acquisition. The components include a fluidic amplifier, valves and fittings, flow meters, a pressure gage, NI-DAQ system, Siglab, Matlab software and four PCB microphones. The operating environment of the water droplet was reviewed, speed of the sound pressure which travels down the square channel was precisely estimated, and measurement devices were carefully selected. Applicable alternative measurement devices and its application to pressure wave measurement was considered. Methods for experimental setup and possible approaches were recommended, with some discussion of potential problems with implementation of this technique. Some computational fluid dynamic was also performed as an approach to oscillator design.
A Wedge Impact Theory Used to Predict Bow Slamming Forces

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Third Generation 3D Watermarking: Applied Computational Intelligence Techniques

With the explosion of multimedia content and its ease of distribution over Internet, there is a need for copyright protection of digital content. Whether it is music albums swapped over peer to peer networks or video files uploaded over websites such as YouTube.com or 3D models such as Shrek, artists need to protect their ownership of content. 3D Watermarking provides a deterrent to piracy of 3D models by embedding a hidden piece of information in the original content. Watermarking algorithms have a basic requirement that the watermark should be imperceptible to avoid being detected and not cause visible distortion to the viewer. It is desired that the amount of watermark inserted at each location in the 3D model should be as high as possible to withstand intentional attacks and to allow insertion of multiple or redundant or biometric watermarks. Insertion of watermark at as many random locations in the 3D model as possible will make it extremely difficult for an attacker to find the watermark and then make substantial changes in the 3D model to remove or overwrite the watermark. However, inserting large amounts of information as watermark can cause distortion. The watermark should also be robust to withstand unintentional attacks. The design of watermarking algorithms involves a trade off between imperceptibility, amount of information inserted and robustness. The first generation of 3D watermarking techniques inserted low amount of watermark based on spatial geometry and have poor robustness. The second generation of algorithms explored use of multiresolution transform for watermark insertion to improve the robustness. This dissertation explores use of computational intelligence techniques to build third generation watermarking algorithms, that insert robust, high amount of watermark and go the extra mile in terms of hiding more information than the first and second generation techniques. The focus of this study is to optimize the energy of the watermark and intelligently selecting information pockets in 3D model for watermark insertion and at the same time still maintaining randomness in the process to avoid detection. Use of Fuzzy Logic, Genetic Algorithms, and Artificial Neural Networks are proposed and assessed.
Behavioral Inventory Management

Behavioral inventory-management research leverages ideas and methodologies commonly used in behavioral economics and psychology to advance our understanding of the role of human behavior in inventory management. In this chapter, we first review some of the early papers in this area organized by problem setting. We describe the history and notable papers in the two largest streams: the newsvendor and serial supply chain settings.We then discuss how behavioral science can advance inventory research by describing three different pathways for improving inventory performance: correcting sub-optimal decision behavior, responding to others’ behavioral patterns, and designing processes and systems for behavioral regularities. For each pathway, we provide recent examples from the literature. We conclude by discussing contemporary research opportunities in this sub-field involving other types of human decisions, beyond the inventory decisions typically considered. This Version: December 22, 2021
Attracting the Best: How the Military Competes for Information Technology Personnel

Abstract : The late-1990s peak in demand for information technology (IT) workers led private firms to respond by offering higher pay, enhanced on-the-job training opportunities, flexible work hours, and support for career development. The economic boom, the rapid growth of information technology as an occupation, and the record low unemployment rates in the private sector created recruiting and retention challenges for the military, which found itself depending more and more on information technology. In fact, during this same period, the military services embarked on initiatives to employ information technology in a host of ways that extended military capability on the battlefield, in intelligence, and in support activities. The services also implemented programs to certify a member's expertise in information technology, e.g., in system administration or in networks. The convergence of IT trends in the public and private sector intensified the competition between the military and private corporations for IT workers. In addition, the military's efforts to recruit into IT were complicated by several factors. The general increase in civilian wages outpaced the increase in military pay, and civilian wages in IT rose more quickly than in non-IT. Because military pay in IT and non-IT occupations remained similar to each other, the military/civilian wage ratio not only declined overall, but it declined more for service personnel in IT occupations than in non-IT occupations. Furthermore, the budget for enlistment and reenlistment bonuses and educational benefits were low in the mid-1990s, contributing to recruiting difficulties and to retention difficulties in some specialties. These conditions-burgeoning private-sector demand for IT workers, escalating private-sector pay in IT, growing military dependence on IT, and faltering military recruiting -led to a concern that military capability was vulnerable to a large shortfall in IT personnel.
Empirical Determination of the Partition Function of Polyethylene Based on Its Pressure-Volume-Temperature-Entropy Isochoric Equation of State

Abstract An empirical partition function, for polyethylene (PE) was determined based on a pressure (PV )-volume (V)-temperature (TV )-entropy (SV ) isochoric equation of state where the variables of PV , TV and SV were evaluated by using the experimental P-V-T data and the isochoric heat capacity for PE . The empirical partition function is expressed by summation of the terms of and with i = 1 to 6 where the temperatures in the Boltzmann factors were in the range of = 70.5 to 423 K. The thermodynamic derivatives, such as bulk modulus, and isochoric heat capacity, CV , over a wide range of pressure were evaluated based on the two types of the partition functions derived from the isochoric equation of state and the reformed Debye partition function with and The reliability of the reformed Debye partition function was checked by the partition function calculated from the empirical isochoric equation of state.
The impact of procurement methods on delivering environmentally sensitive buildings

In the UK, new building regulations (‘Part L2006’) to reduce energy consumption and carbon dioxide emissions within the built environment came into force in 2006. It is now mandatory that all new built and refurbished buildings demonstrate compliance with ‘Target Carbon Emissions Rates’ in the design phase. This has prompted some interesting questions concerning their procurement. Under traditional UK procurement arrangements, designs are, in theory, completed before the contractor becomes involved. However, there has been a significant increase in the use of Design-and-Build procurement: a system which actively supports concurrency in design, procurement and construction. Under such arrangements, the design of environmentally sensitive buildings may be seen as a challenging task, as the iterations required are at odds with the contractor’s incentive to avoid delays and extra cost. This has prompted a preliminary investigation into the opportunities and limitations afforded by different procurement methods for delivering environmentally sensitive buildings. Although these issues are fairly ubiquitous throughout the various building elements, the particular focus was on facade design and construction. Data collection was by structured questionnaire and interviews carried out with large construction companies, architectural practices and building performance consultants. There was a consensus that Part L2006 has major implications for procurement and that compliance is a major step change. A new and indispensable bidding document, the ‘Building Energy Model’, will emerge and in its absence most contractors would decline invitations to bid. There will be an impact on procurement, probably in the form of an extension of the use of ‘novation’. Design-and-Build contractors will ‘freeze’ designs earlier, and forgo the potential for later value engineering in order to avoid risks, which they see as significant. Finally, despite the industry’s ‘fear’ of Part L2006, the regulation has already created a welcome by-product in the form of a clear increase in collaborative work among design and construction teams.
Description of the Revised Buoy-Cable-Body Computer Program CABMOD.

Abstract : The report describes Program CABMOD, which is an updated version of Program CABUOY, which analyzes in the time domain the two-dimensional dynamic behavior of buoy-cable-body systems. The new revisions, all of which are related to the surface buoy, are described. Input instructions include a listing of the READ statements, definitions of the input variables, and a number of comments on the entering of input data. Results are presented for seven different ways of exercising Program CABMOD for a spheroidal buoy of aspect ratio 10 moored in a typical ocean environment. (Author)
Toyota Production System: An Integrated Approach to Just-In-Time

This invention relates to methods and apparatus for palletizing. The apparatus includes a flexible board blank which may be formed to provide a pallet having channels for insertion of the prongs of a fork lift truck. The pallet includes flaps which extend between stacked layers of bags to reinforce the load and pallet structure. The apparatus further includes an open sided box which may be utilized to form the blank into a pallet and permit ready stacking of units, such as deformable bags of seed, on the pallet. The method concerns the forming of the pallet from the blank and stacking of the units on the pallet.
Anthropogenic and Climate-Exacerbated Landscape Disturbances Converge to Alter Phosphorus Bioavailability in an Oligotrophic River

Cumulative effects of landscape disturbance in forested source water regions can alter the storage of fine sediment and associated phosphorus in riverbeds, shift nutrient dynamics and degrade water quality. Here, we examine longitudinal changes in major element chemistry and particulate phosphorus (PP) fractions of river-bed sediment in an oligotrophic river during environmentally sensitive low flow conditions. Study sites along 50 km of the Crowsnest River were located below tributary inflows from sub-watersheds and represent a gradient of increasing cumulative sedi-ment pressures across a range of land disturbance types (harvesting, wildfire, and municipal wastewater discharges). Major elements (Si2O, Al2O3, Fe2O3, MnO, CaO, MgO, Na2O, K2O, Ti2O, V2O5, P2O5), loss on ignition (LOI), PP fractions (NH4CI-RP, BD-RP, NaOH-RP, HCI-RP and NaOH(85)-RP) and absolute particle size were evaluated for sediments collected in 2016 and 2017. While total PP concentrations were similar across all sites, bioavailable PP fractions (BD-RP, NaOH-RP) increased downstream with increased concentrations of Al2O3 and MnO and levels of landscape disturbance. This study highlights the longitudinal water quality impacts of increasing landscape disturbance on bioavailable PP in fine riverbed sediments and shows how the convergence of climate (wildfire) and anthropogenic (sewage effluent, harvesting, agriculture) drivers can produce legacy effects on nutrients.
Synthetic Aperture Radar Images of a Simple Room Based on Computer Models

Abstract : This report investigates the application of synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imaging techniques to sensing through the wall (STTW) scenarios based on radar data obtained through computer simulation of electromagnetic (EM) scattering problems using either the Finite Difference Time Domain (FDTD) method or Xpatch. We analyze the radar phenomenology for simple through-the-wall imaging scenarios and offer guidelines for a performance prediction and radar parameter trade-off. Our simulations show that, for these configurations, SAR techniques clearly resolve human targets when the construction material is brick, but do not achieve the same performance for concrete or cinder block walls. We demonstrate that using the cross-polarization radar mode can result in enhanced target-to-clutter ratios. By comparing the images obtained through the FDTD and Xpatch simulations, we show that both modeling methods achieve reasonable accuracy for this type of application. We also discuss two imaging formation techniques (spotlight and strip-map) and emphasize the differences in the resulting images. The existence of ghost images in a STTW scenario is explained by analyzing multipath propagation effects inside a room.
Ankle actuation for planar bipedal robots

This study focusses on ankle actuation of planar bipedal robots based on passive dynamic walkers. Simulations have been used to analyze the design characteristics which are necessary in robots fully powered by ankle actuation. The mass distribution between upper and lower and the shape of the foot have been found to be of major influence on the existence of a stable limit cycle. Simulation results show that pushing off before the swing leg collides with the floor is energetically more efficient than pushing off after the impact. The results were used to design and construct an ankle actuation system for the walking robot ’Dribbel’, which is developed at the Control Engineering group of the University of Twente. Mechanical requirements of the system were determined by means of simulations of a detailed 20-sim model. CAD tool packages were used to design the custom mechanical parts and electronics. The electronics interfaced to the TWI bus system already present at the robot. The realized system is not yet operational. This is due to several implementation issues which could not be resolved within the available time for this project. Possible solutions to the various problems are discussed and will be implemented in the near future. As soon as the system is fully operational experimental data will be gathered to validate the dynamic models used in the design process. A comparison will also be made to the previous configuration with respect to energy efficiency and robustness.
Expression features of androgen receptor in special subtypes of breast cancer

Purpose The important role of the androgen receptor (AR) in invasive carcinoma of no specific type (NST) has been increasingly recognised. However, only a few studies have been reported in special subtypes of breast cancer. Thus, we aim to investigate the AR expression and its expression features in special subtypes of breast cancer. Methods This study collected clinicopathological data of 718 special subtypes of breast cancer from Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital. Immunohistochemical staining of AR and other biomarkers was performed. Results If the threshold of AR is ≥ 1%, the positive rate of AR in specific subtypes of breast cancer is 77.9% (559/718) of cases. Compared with the threshold of AR is ≥ 10%, the positive percentage of AR in each subtype of breast cancer increases about 10%. The positive expression rate of AR in carcinomas with apocrine differentiation is highest, and the coloration intensity is much stronger than that of other subtypes. The positive expression rate of AR is lowest in metaplastic carcinomas, almost negative; the positive expression rate of AR in invasive lobular carcinomas (ILCs), invasive micropapillary carcinomas (IMPCs), invasive papillary carcinomas (IPCs), and is mucinous carcinomas about 70.0%–80.0%. Conclusions The expression features of AR in special subtypes of breast cancer vary in different subtypes, and to some extent, AR may be a useful biomarker for clinical diagnosis. Routine testing of AR has a certain guiding significance for clinical work. In addition, AR is expected to treat carcinomas with apocrine differentiation as a target.
Synthesis, Characterization and Anionic Dye Sequestration Capacity of Cellulose Nanocrystals Derived From Sugarcane Bagasse: Experimental and Regression Modelling

This study reported the extraction of cellulose nanocrystals from sugarcane bagasse using acid hydrolysis method. Nanocrystals were characterized with scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray, Fourier Transform Infra-Red spectroscopy and investigated for their adsorptive capacity for methyl orange (MO) sequestration. The disappearance of peaks at 1736 and 1429 cm-1 in addition to higher carbon content, greater crystallinity index from 1.09 to 1.21, predominantly nano range of particles (0.045 – 0.082 µm) and larger porosity are parameters that better-defined cellulose nanocrystals. A 2-fold improvement in monolayer adsorption capacity was obtained for cellulose nanocrystals (432.17mgg-1) described by Langmuir isotherm over bagasse (170.99 mgg-1) described by Freundlich isotherm. Adsorption processes on both adsorbents were spontaneous, exothermic and best fitted to pseudo second order kinetics ensuing chemisorption. Polynomial regression model appropriately predicted equations that best describe the effects of different batch adsorption parameters on MO removal with better fittingness than experimentally generated data.
Pseudo-dynamic test of an old R.C. highway bridge with plain steel bars - part I: Assessment of the “as-built” configuration.

The "Retro" project funded by the European commission within the Series-project aims at studying numerically and experimentally the seismic behaviour of an old existing reinforced concrete bridge with portal frame piers and the effectiveness of different isolation systems. In particular, an experimental test campaign is performed at ELSA Laboratory of JRC (Ispra, Italy). Two piers (scale 1:2.5) are tested using the PsD technique with sub-structuring; the modelling of the entire viaduct is considered along with the non-linear behaviour of each pier, due to bending, shear on the transverse beams and strain penetration effect at the column base. Comprehensive numerical investigations have shown the high vulnerability of the bridge. Consequently two isolation systems (yielding-based and friction-based bearings) have been designed. The work is subdivided in two parts: the present paper is devoted to on-going activities of "Retro" project regarding the assessment of the viaduct in the as-built configuration, whereas the second part is dedicated to the analysis of the effectiveness of isolation systems. In this paper the results of a numerical investigation and the results of PsD test confirm that the response of the pier is highly affected by the behaviours of local details. In particular, a generalized failure of the transverse beams and beam-column joints has been detected. This means that the original structure does not comply with the requirements of the modern seismic codes for the collapse limit state, particularly because of the potential for brittle shear failure in some beams of the bridge piers. Therefore seismic isolation of the bridge deck has been examined, in the companion paper, as possible protection systems