Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Changing Populations of Double-Crested Cormorants

-The Double-crested Cormorant (Phalacrocorax auritus) has a wider range in North America than any of the five other breeding cormorants and is the only species to occur extensively in the interior as well as on the coasts. Breeding birds are currently known in 40 of the 50 States of the United States, all 10 Canadian Provinces, and in Mexico, Cuba and the Bahamas. There are six more-or-less distinct populations, and five subspecies have been described but their significance is unclear because measurements overlap substantially and the distributions of crest characters are poorly known. Scattered archeological and historical accounts indicate that numbers in the Interior and Atlantic populations declined during the 19th century, and subsequent increases have been facilitated, but not fully explained, by dam-building and by declines in persecution. Numbers increased from the 1920s into the 1950s when pesticides had major impacts. The Interior populations fell to low points about 1970 and the Atlantic population ceased growing. The species was recognized as of "Special Concern" in several states during this period. For the past 20 years numbers have been increasing rapidly in most areas, although information on nonbreeding birds is very sparse. Particularly large increases are reported for the subspecies auritus, both the Interior population centered in the Canadian Prairie Provinces and Great Lakes (220,000 pairs) and the Atlantic population on the Northeast Coast (96,000 pairs). These birds migrate to winter in the South, chiefly in coastal areas from Texas to North Carolina, where there is considerable overlap of birds from diverse breeding areas. The numbers of the resident populations in Florida and the Caribbean comprising subspecies floridanus and heuretus (14,000 pairs) are poorly known and are probably declining. The status of the small population in Alaska (cincinatus) (3,000 pairs) is not known. On the West Coast (albociliatus) (31,000 pairs) the numbers in Canada and the United States are increasing rapidly, but the status of Mexican populations is unclear. The migrations of the populations in the Pacific are not well characterized.
A Novel QoE-Aware SDN-enabled, NFV-based Management Architecture for Future Multimedia Applications on 5G Systems

This paper proposes a novel QoE-aware SDN enabled NFV architecture for controlling and managing Future Multimedia Applications on 5G systems. The aim is to improve the QoE of the delivered multimedia services through the fulfilment of personalized QoE application requirements. This novel approach provides some new features, functionalities, concepts and opportunities for overcoming the key QoE provisioning limitations in current 4G systems such as increased network management complexity and inability to adapt dynamically to changing application, network transmission or traffic or end-users demand.
Regeneration of actin filament branches from the same Arp2/3 complex

Branched actin filaments are found in many key cellular structures. Branches are nucleated by the Arp2/3 complex activated by nucleation-promoting factor (NPF) proteins and bound to the side of pre-existing ‘mother’ filaments. Over time, branches dissociate from their mother filament, leading to network reorganization and turnover, but this mechanism is less understood. Here, using microfluidics and purified proteins, we examined the dissociation of individual branches under controlled biochemical and mechanical conditions. We observe that Arp2/3 remains bound to the mother filament after most debranching events, even when accelerated by force. Unexpectedly, this mother-remaining Arp2/3 readily nucleates a new actin filament branch, without being activated anew by an NPF: it simply needs to exchange its nucleotide and bind an actin monomer. The protein GMF, which accelerates debranching, prevents branch re-nucleation. Our results suggest that actin filament re-nucleation can provide a self-repair mechanism, helping branched networks to sustain mechanical stress in cells over extended periods of time.
Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron metabolic activity decreases with polysaccharide molecular weight

The human colon hosts hundreds of commensal bacterial species, many of which ferment complex dietary carbohydrates. To transform these fibers into metabolically-accessible compounds, microbes often express series of dedicated enzymes homologous to the starch utilization system (sus) encoded in polysaccharide utilization loci (PULs). The genome of Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron (Bt), a common member of the human gut microbiota, encodes nearly 100 PULs, conferring a strong metabolic versatility. While the structures and functions of individual enzymes within the PULs have been investigated, little is known about how polysaccharide complexity impacts the function of sus-like systems. We here show that the activity of sus-like systems depends on polysaccharide size, ultimately impacting bacterial growth. We demonstrate the effect of size-dependent metabolism in the context of dextran metabolism driven by the specific utilization system PUL48. We find that as molecular weight of dextran increases, Bt growth rate decreases and lag time increases. At the enzymatic level, the dextranase BT3087 is the main glycosylhydrolase for dextran utilization and that BT3087 and BT3088 contribute to Bt dextran metabolism in a size-dependent manner. Finally, we show that the polysaccharide size-dependent metabolism of Bt impacts its metabolic output in a way that modulates the composition of a producer-consumer community it forms with Bacteroides fragilis. Altogether, our results expose an overlooked aspect of Bt metabolism which can impact the composition and diversity of microbiota.
Modeling of postseismic relaxation following the great 1857 earthquake

Abstract Repeated first-order triangulation measurements made from 15 monuments in central and southern California are used to explore the structure of the crust and upper mantle beneath southern California, as well as to estimate the distribution of slip during the great 1857 earthquake. The monuments are divided into two subnetworks, with repeated observations covering the respective time intervals from 1884 to 1923 and from 1898 to 1923. The angle changes occurring within these times are modeled as a sum of two contributions: postseismic displacements following the 1857 earthquake and plate tectonic loading. The postseismic displacements have been calculated using a elastic / viscoelastic coupling model that, for any fault geometry, yields the exact displacements on a spherically stratified Earth. The southern California crust and upper mantle are modeled as an upper elastic plate underlain by a viscoelastic asthenosphere. For several different combinations of structural parameters, inversions are performed for the slip distribution of the 1857 earthquake. In general, the best fits to the data are achieved with a triangular slip distribution, an elastic plate thickness of 16 km, a crustal thickness of 16 to 33 km, and a mantle viscosity of 0.4 to 0.8 · 10 19 Pa-s. Although these inversions identify the best rheological models, they lead to observed residuals that are inconsistent with a normally distributed data set. A preferred model of slip is constructed that accounts for the budget of total slip during the earthquake cycle and satisfies a normally distributed data set. The preferred slip distribution is similar in shape to the mapped surface slip distribution, but is greater in amplitude by a factor of 1.5 to 2. In addition, the San Jacinto fault, which has no known surface slip associated with the 1857 earthquake, is inferred to have accommodated 1 to 3 m of slip during the 1857 earthquake and appears to be the favored site for tectonic strain accumulation since 1857. Inferred fault slip exceeding known surface slip implies either unrecognized secondary faulting or a slip deficit at the surface relative to the slip at depth.
Uncertainty and the Evaluation of Public Investment Decisions

The implications of uncertainty for public investment decisions remain controversial. The essence of the controversy is as follows. It is widely accepted that individuals are not indifferent to uncertainty and will not, in general, value assets with uncertain returns at their expected values. Depending upon an individual’s initial asset holdings and utility function, he will value an asset at more or less than its expected value. Therefore, in private capital markets, investors do not choose investments to maximize the present value of expected returns, but to maximize the present value of returns properly adjusted for risk. The issue is whether it is appropriate to discount public investments in the same way as private investments.
A Per-Domain Behavior for circuit emulation in IP networks

Circuit networks are expensive to build, difficult to operate, fragile, and not easily scalable. Many network operators would like to carry circuit traffic as an overlay on top of an IP network. With higher bandwidths, faster routers, and Differentiated Services [RFC2474, RFC2475] features in routers, this is now possible. In this paper we describe a simple set of mechanisms that are sufficient to allow an IP cloud to carry circuit replacement traffic. Then, using the framework of [RFC3086] for describing a Per-Domain Behavior (PDB), we explain where these mechanisms should be deployed and quantify how they should be configured in order to construct the appropriate edge-to-edge behavior. This "Virtual Wire" (VW) PDB makes it possible to replace dedicated circuits with IP transport. In the process we attempt to lay to rest two pieces of QoS mythology: first that a Diffserv approach requires substantial over-provisioning compared to int-serv, and second that Diffserv quality of service is inherently loose and not quantitative.
Changes in Functional Connectivity within the Rat Striatopallidal Axis during Global Brain Activation In Vivo

The functional organization of the basal ganglia (BG) is often defined according to one of two opposing schemes. The first proposes multiple, essentially independent channels of information processing. The second posits convergence and lateral integration of striatal channels at the level of the globus pallidus (GP). We tested the hypothesis that these proposed aspects of functional connectivity within the striatopallidal axis are dynamic and related to brain state. Local field potentials (LFPs) were simultaneously recorded from multiple sites in striatum and GP in anesthetized rats during slow-wave activity (SWA) and during global activation evoked by sensory stimulation. Functional connectivity was inferred from comparative analyses of the internuclear and intranuclear coherence between bipolar derivations of LFPs. During prominent SWA, as shown in the electrocorticogram and local field potentials in the basal ganglia, intranuclear coherence, and, thus, lateral functional connectivity within striatum or globus pallidus was relatively weak. Furthermore, the temporal coupling of LFPs recorded across these two nuclei involved functional convergence at the level of GP. Global activation, indicated by a loss of SWA, was accompanied by a rapid functional reorganization of the striatopallidal axis. Prominent lateral functional connectivity developed within GP and, to a significantly more constrained spatial extent, striatum. Additionally, functional convergence on GP was no longer apparent, despite increased internuclear coherence. These data demonstrate that functional connectivity within the BG is highly dynamic and suggest that the relative expression of organizational principles, such as parallel, independent processing channels, striatopallidal convergence, and lateral integration within BG nuclei, is dependent on brain state.
Ecology and Taxonomy of Ateles geoffroyi in Parque Nacional Pico Bonito, Atlántida, Honduras

The first study on Ateles geoffroyi in Honduras, this research focused on the population of spider monkeys in Parque Nacional Pico Bonito, Atlántida, Honduras. Subgroup size of spider monkeys in Parque Nacional Pico Bonito ranged from 1-23 (n=55) individuals, with a mean subgroup size of 6.93 ± 4.53 individuals, which was larger than nearly all subgroup sizes reported in Central and South America. Mean subgroup composition consisted of 1.65 ± 1.16 adult males, 2.67 ± 1.69 adult females and 1.75 ± 1.92 juveniles. Sex ratio of adult males to adult females was 1:1.62, which was consistent with most Central and South American Ateles studies in the literature. Of a possible 23 identified food tree species from 15 families, and 7 unidentified tree and vine species, spider monkeys were confirmed to consume fruits, leaves and/or seeds from 8 identified tree species, 1 unidentified tree species, and 1 unidentified vine species. Several of the confirmed genera consumed by Ateles in Parque Nacional Pico Bonito were consistent with other studies conducted in Central and South America, including Dialium, Ficus, and Coccoloba. Combining pelage analysis and discriminant analysis of cranial and dental measurements from 140 skins and 253 adult crania, the taxonomy of the Central American Ateles geoffroyi was revised to recognize the taxa Ateles geoffroyi yucatanensis, A. g. vellerosus, A. g. pan, A. g. geoffroyi, A. g. frontatus, A. g. ornatus, and A. g. grisescens, with the recognition of a potential new taxon from northern Honduras, resulting in a revised distribution of Ateles geoffroyi, based on the pelage and cranial analyses.
High energy focused shock wave therapy accelerates bone healing

Summary Objectives: To evaluate the influence of shock wave therapy (SWT) on radiographic evidence of bone healing after tibial plateau leveling osteotomy (TPLO). Methods: Healthy dogs between two to nine years of age that underwent TPLO were randomly assigned to receive either electro- hydraulic SWT (1,000 shocks) or sham treatment (SHAM). Treatment or SHAM was administered to the osteotomy site immediately postoperatively and two weeks postoperatively. Three blinded radiologists evaluated orthogonal radiographs performed eight weeks postoperatively with both a 5-point and a 10-point bone healing scale. Linear regression analysis was used to compare median healing scores between groups. Results: Forty-two dogs (50 stifles) were included in the statistical analysis. No major complications were observed and all osteo -tomies healed uneventfully. The median healing scores were significantly higher at eight weeks postoperatively for the SWT group compared to the SHAM group for the 10-point (p <0.0002) and 5-point scoring systems (p <0.0001). Clinical significance: Shock wave therapy applied immediately and two weeks post -operatively led to more advanced bone healing at the eight week time point in this study population. The results of this study support the use of electro-hydraulic SWT as a means of accelerating acute bone healing of canine osteotomies. Additional studies are needed to evaluate its use for acceleration of bone healing following fracture, or with delayed union.
2 2 M ar 2 01 8 CLASSIFICATION OF FOLIATIONS OF DEGREE THREE ON P 2 C WITH A FLAT LEGENDRE TRANSFORM

— The set F(3) of foliations of degree three on the complex projective plane can be identified with a Zariski’s open set of a projective space of dimension 23 on which acts Aut(P2 C ). The subset FP(3) of F(3) consisting of foliations of F(3) with a flat Legendre transform (dual web) is a Zariski closed subset of F(3). We classify up to automorphism of P2 C the elements of FP(3). More precisely, we show that up to automorphism there are 16 foliations of degree three with a flat Legendre transform. From this classification we deduce that FP(3) has exactly 12 irreducible components. We also deduce that up to automorphism there are 4 convex foliations of degree three on P2 C . 2010 Mathematics Subject Classification. — 14C21, 32S65, 53A60. Introduction A (regular) d-web on (C2,0) is the data of a family {F1,F2, . ,Fd} of regular holomorphic foliations on (C2,0) which are pairwise transverse at the origin. The first significant result in the study of webs was obtained by W. BLASCHKE and J. DUBOURDIEU around 1920. They have shown ([2]) that any regular 3-web W on (C2,0) is analytically equivalent to the trivial 3-web defined by dx.dy. d(x+ y), and this under the hypothesis of vanishing of a differential 2-form K(W ) known as the BLASCHKE curvature of W . The curvature of a d-web W with d > 3 is defined as the sum of the BLASCHKE curvatures of all 3-subwebs of W . A web with zero curvature is called flat. This notion is useful for the classification of maximal rank webs. Indeed, a result of N. MIHĂILEANU shows that the flatness is a necessary condition for the maximality of the rank, see for instance [16, 22]. Recently, the study of global holomorphic webs defined on complex surfaces has been updated, see for instance [12, 21, 18]. In the sequel we will focus on webs of the complex projective plane. A (global) d-web on PC is given in an affine chart (x,y) by an implicit differential equation F(x,y,y ′) = 0, where F(x,y, p) = ∑i=0 ai(x,y)p d−i ∈C[x,y, p] is a reduced polynomial whose coefficient a0 is not identically zero. In a neighborhood of a point z0 = (x0,y0) such that a0(x0,y0)∆(x0,y0) 6= 0, being ∆(x,y) the p-discriminant of F , the integral curves of this equation define a regular d-web on (C,z0). The curvature of a web W on PC is a meromorphic 2-form with poles along the discriminant ∆(W ), see §1.2.
Patterns of change, change of patterns : linguistic change and reconstruction methodology

Find the secret to improve the quality of life by reading this patterns of change change of patterns linguistic change and reconstruction methodology. This is a kind of book that you need now. Besides, it can be your favorite book to read after having this book. Do you ask why? Well, this is a book that has different characteristic with others. You may not need to know who the author is, how well-known the work is. As wise word, never judge the words from who speaks, but make the words as your good value to your life.
COVID-19 vaccines and homoeopathy – An integrative review

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has brought millions of people at risk. Clinical trials of several known antiviral drugs and vaccines have been done. Homoeopathy is known to be effective in the prevention and treatment of infectious diseases as well as in overcoming some adverse effects of vaccination. Objectives: The objectives of this review were to identify the adverse effects of COVID-19 vaccination from the published literature and doing homoeopathic repertorisation to find out indicated remedies for alleviating the ill effects of COVID-19 vaccines. Methods: Published literature was searched for ‘Covid-19’, ‘Vaccination’ and ‘Adverse events’ in PubMed between January 2020 and July 2021. The related symptoms pertaining to known adverse effects were picked and repertorised with appropriate rubrics from the ‘Vaccination’ chapter of Murphy’s clinical repertory and synthesis repertory. Results: Repertorial totality of identified symptoms was analysed. Thuja scored high when symptoms related to the adverse effects of COVID-19 vaccines were repertorised according to Murphy’s and synthesis repertories. Indications of the common remedies for the ill-effects identified for COVID-19 vaccination are discussed. Conclusion: Vaccines against nCoV19 are still not fully researched, especially for their longterm effects. Hence, whether they would prove to be friends or foes to humankind, in the long run, is the arena of future research. Meanwhile, homoeopathy can lend its services to overcome the ill effects of the vaccination. Studies with rigorous designs to find out the efficacy of homoeopathic medicines in relieving the adverse effects of vaccination are suggested. Acknowledgments and Source of Funding The authors are grateful to the reviewers for their valuable suggestions and corrections. This review article is available in Indian Journal of Research in Homoeopathy: https://www.ijrh. org/journal/vol16/ iss4/4 © 2022 Indian Journal of Research in Homoeopathy | Hosted online by Digital Commons (Bepress) 282 Abstract Review Article
Many but not all deep neural network audio models capture brain responses and exhibit correspondence between model stages and brain regions

Models that predict brain responses to stimuli provide one measure of understanding of a sensory system, and have many potential applications in science and engineering. Deep artificial neural networks have emerged as the leading such predictive models of the visual system, but are less explored in audition. Prior work provided examples of audio-trained neural networks that produced good predictions of auditory cortical fMRI responses and exhibited correspondence between model stages and brain regions, but left it unclear whether these results generalize to other neural network models, and thus how to further improve models in this domain. We evaluated model-brain correspondence for publicly available audio neural network models along with in-house models trained on four different tasks. Most tested models out-predicted previous filter-bank models of auditory cortex, and exhibited systematic model-brain correspondence: middle stages best predicted primary auditory cortex while deep stages best predicted non-primary cortex. However, some state-of-the-art models produced substantially worse brain predictions. Models trained to recognize speech in background noise produced better brain predictions than models trained to recognize speech in quiet, potentially because hearing in noise imposes constraints on biological auditory representations. The training task influenced the prediction quality for specific cortical tuning properties, with best overall predictions resulting from models trained on multiple tasks. The results generally support the promise of deep neural networks as models of audition, though they also indicate that current models do not explain auditory cortical responses in their entirety.
MR tractography of schizencephaly Ba ş ar Sar ı

270 D iffusion tensor imaging (DTI) with tractography is a recently introduced imaging technique that is unique in providing detailed imaging of white matter tracts and connectivity between different regions of the brain not easily appreciated with other imaging methods. It has a growing list of various clinical applications, with developmental anomalies at the top (1). The purpose of this report is to emphasize the potential role of DTI and tractography in providing insights into the evaluation of white matter tracts in patients with schizencephaly.
Theta phase at encoding leads to successful memory formation

Several studies in perception and attention have shown cyclic alternations in behavioural performance (Busch, Dubois, & VanRullen, 2009; de Graaf et al., 2013; Klimesch, Sauseng, & Hanslmayr, 2007; Mathewson, Gratton, Fabiani, Beck, & Ro, 2009; Palva & Palva, 2007; VanRullen, 2016). The main idea behind this phenomenon is that spontaneous low frequency oscillations in neural activity gate incoming sensory information, producing peaks and troughs that correlate with cycles of favorable and unfavorable states for perceptual and attentional processing. Hence, variability in behavioural performance could depend on the particular oscillation phase at which the stimulus is presented. In this study, we extend this idea to the memory domain. We used an audio-visual cue as a resetting signal to pace the moment of presentation of associated pairs of images in a memory encoding block. We found that memory success (hit rate) in a subsequent recognition block fluctuated at ~5 Hz, as a function of the moment at which the memory item had been encoded with respect to the cue.