Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Evolution of the Baryons Associated with Galaxies Averaged over Cosmic Time and Space

We combine the recent determination of the evolution of the cosmic density of molecular gas (H2) using deep, volumetric surveys, with previous estimates of the cosmic density of stellar mass, star formation rate and atomic gas (H i), to constrain the evolution of baryons associated with galaxies averaged over cosmic time and space. The cosmic H i and H2 densities are roughly equal at z ∼ 1.5. The H2 density then decreases by a factor to today’s value, whereas the H i density stays approximately constant. The stellar mass density is increasing continuously with time and surpasses that of the total gas density (H i and H2) at redshift z ∼ 1.5. The growth in stellar mass cannot be accounted for by the decrease in cosmic H2 density, necessitating significant accretion of additional gas onto galaxies. With the new H2 constraints, we postulate and put observational constraints on a two-step gas accretion process: (i) a net infall of ionized gas from the intergalactic/circumgalactic medium to refuel the extended H i reservoirs, and (ii) a net inflow of H i and subsequent conversion to H2 in the galaxy centers. Both the infall and inflow rate densities have decreased by almost an order of magnitude since z ∼ 2. Assuming that the current trends continue, the cosmic molecular gas density will further decrease by about a factor of two over the next 5 Gyr, the stellar mass will increase by approximately 10%, and cosmic star formation activity will decline steadily toward zero, as the gas infall and accretion shut down.
Random points are optimal for the approximation of Sobolev functions

We show that independent and uniformly distributed sampling points are asymptotically as good as optimal sampling points for the approximation of functions from Sobolev spaces $W_p^s(\varOmega )$ on bounded convex domains $\varOmega \subset{\mathbb{R}}^d$ in the $L_q$-norm if $q<p$. More generally, we characterize the quality of arbitrary sampling point sets $P\subset \varOmega $ via the $L_\gamma (\varOmega )$-norm of the distance function dist$ (\cdot ,P)$, where $\gamma =s(1/q-1/p)^{-1}$ if $q<p$ and $\gamma =\infty $ if $q\ge p$. This improves upon previous characterizations based on the covering radius of $P$.
Controlling Style in Generated Dialogue

Open-domain conversation models have become good at generating natural-sounding dialogue, using very large architectures with billions of trainable parameters. The vast training data required to train these architectures aggregates many different styles, tones, and qualities. Using that data to train a single model makes it difficult to use the model as a consistent conversational agent, e.g. with a stable set of persona traits and a typical style of expression. Several architectures affording control mechanisms over generation architectures have been proposed, each with different trade-offs. However, it remains unclear whether their use in dialogue is viable, and what the trade-offs look like with the most recent state-of-the-art conversational architectures. In this work, we adapt three previously proposed controllable generation architectures to open-domain dialogue generation, controlling the style of the generation to match one among about 200 possible styles. We compare their respective performance and tradeoffs, and show how they can be used to provide insights into existing conversational datasets, and generate a varied set of styled conversation replies.
Fuzzy Simplicial Networks: A Topology-Inspired Model to Improve Task Generalization in Few-shot Learning

Deep learning has shown great success in settings with massive amounts of data but has struggled when data is limited. Few-shot learning algorithms, which seek to address this limitation, are designed to generalize well to new tasks with limited data. Typically, models are evaluated on unseen classes and datasets that are defined by the same fundamental task as they are trained for (e.g. category membership). One can also ask how well a model can generalize to fundamentally different tasks within a fixed dataset (for example: moving from category membership to tasks that involve detecting object orientation or quantity). To formalize this kind of shift we define a notion of "independence of tasks" and identify three new sets of labels for established computer vision datasets that test a model's ability to generalize to tasks which draw on orthogonal attributes in the data. We use these datasets to investigate the failure modes of metric-based few-shot models. Based on our findings, we introduce a new few-shot model called Fuzzy Simplicial Networks (FSN) which leverages a construction from topology to more flexibly represent each class from limited data. In particular, FSN models can not only form multiple representations for a given class but can also begin to capture the low-dimensional structure which characterizes class manifolds in the encoded space of deep networks. We show that FSN outperforms state-of-the-art models on the challenging tasks we introduce in this paper while remaining competitive on standard few-shot benchmarks.
Biofilms and inflammation in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis

Introduction The aim of the present study is to evaluate the presence of biofilms in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS), with or without nasal polyps, and their relationship to eosinophils and plasma cells. We compared the results with those obtained in nonCRS patients. Methods A total of 50 patients were included in the study, 30 CRSwNP patients, 10 CRSsNP cases and 10 control patients who were operated for deviated septum. Biofilm detection was performed by means of H&E staining and SEM. Eosinophil and plasma cell values were recorded and compared between groups. Results Biofilms were identified in 30 patients (60%), 76.6% (23 out of 30) of the CRSwNP patients, 70% (7 out of 10) of the CRSsNP patients and none of the septoplasty patients. Eosinophil and plasma cell values were more elevated in CRS patients, being strongly correlated to biofilm presence and nasal polyposis. Conclusion Biofilm presence was demonstrated in many of the CRS patients, with no evidence in the control cases. Our study findings indicate that inflammatory cell counts are higher in patients with CRS compared to controls, but also more elevated in patients with polyposis. In biofilm-positive patients, eosinophil and plasma cell counts were greater than those in patients without biofilms, demonstrating the proinflammatory action of the biofilm in the sino-nasal pathology.
MAGNITUDE OF METABOLIC SYNDROME AND ASSOCIATED FACTORS AMONG RENAL TRANSPLANT RECIPIENTS: EXPERIENCE FROM A NEW CENTER, ADDIS ABABA

Introduction: Metabolic syndrome is a cluster of risk factors for cardiovascular diseases. It is also common in renal transplant recipients and is associated with increased risk of graft dysfunction and cardiovascular mortality. Its magnitude is not known in our Ethiopian patients. Objective: The study is conducted to determine the magnitude of metabolic syndrome and associated factors among renal transplant recipients. Methods: Analytical cross-sectional design was used. Eighty-seven Ethiopian renal transplant recipients having follow-up at St. Paul Hospital’s Millennium Medical College Kidney Transplant Centre were studied from May to July 2018. A structured data collection format was used to collect data. Contextualized “WHO STEPS Instrument for Non-communicable Diseases Risk Factor Surveillance” was utilized for collecting data on behavioral risk factors, biophysical measurements and laboratory tests. The diagnosis of metabolic syndrome was made according to the revised National Cholesterol Education Program-Adult Treatment Panel III criteria. Data were described by frequencies, percentage and mean (+SD). Comparative analysis between variables was done using bivariate and multivariate logistic regression. Statistical significance of the prediction was declared at p-value < 0.05 with 95% confidence interval. Results: Majority 64 (73.6%) of the cases were male patients. Most of them were young with mean (+SD) age of 35.8 (+11.9) years. Hypertension was the commonest component of metabolic syndrome accounting for 49 (56.3%) of cases. The magnitude of metabolic syndrome was 34.5%. Only central obesity (P value = 0.046; AOR 39.1 (95% CI 1.1, 141) and hyperglycemia (P=0.031; AOR 25.1 (95%CI 1.3, 467.8) were significantly associated with metabolic syndrome. Conclusion: The magnitude of metabolic syndrome was high in our kidney transplant recipients. However, only waist circumference and hyperglycemia were found to have significant association with metabolic syndrome. Comprehensive preventive strategies should be implemented for management of metabolic syndrome to minimize its impact.
Characterization of low-density polyethylene films incorporated with different concentrations of montmorillonite

This work aimed to evaluate the effect of incorporating different concentrations of montmorillonite in low-density polyethylene films. The incorporation Cloisite 10A nanocomposite in the films was carried out using a single screw extruder modular. After the incorporation of six concentrations of organophilic montmorillonite clay (0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5 and 3.0%, w/w) to the films, their optical, mechanical (tensile strength, elongation and Young modulus), and gas barrier (CO2) properties were investigated. The degree of exfoliation was evaluated through the analysis of X-ray diffraction. The incorporation of nanoparticles from montmorillonite increased the opacity of the films. Regarding their mechanical properties, the incorporated films with montmorillonite presented reductions in tensile strength and elongation values, whereas the modulus of elasticity did not show any significant difference. They also showed an increase in the permeability of CO2. The analysis of X-ray diffraction showed no formation of nanocomposites. It was observed, therefore, that the properties of the films were affected by the incorporation of montmorillonite clay.
The Tax Elasticity of Capital Gains and Revenue-Maximizing Rates

This paper uses an event study approach to estimate the effect of capital gains taxation on realizations at the state level, and then develops a framework for determining revenue-maximizing rates at the federal level. We find that the elasticity of revenues with respect to the tax rate over a ten-year period is -0.5 to -0.3, indicating that capital gains tax cuts do not pay for themselves, and that a 5 percentage point rate increase would yield $18 to $30 billion in annual federal tax revenue. Our long-run estimates yield revenue-maximizing capital gains tax rates of 38 to 47 percent.
An Analysis of Laser Researches in Biomedicine Literature with a Scientometric Approach

The co-words analysis, as a scientometric method, helps us to discover the conceptual relationships between scientific texts and application of such relationships as a means to demonstrate important links that may be difficult to discover in other ways. This article is intended to use an analytical approach and identify research areas and to reveal the intellectual structure of knowledge in laser researches in biomedicine literature during 2009-2018. In this descriptive-analytical study with a scientometric approach, the data about laser were retrieved from PubMed in MEDINE format, including 7,682 articles with 18,227 keywords. By using co-word analysis, clustering methods, and strategic diagram; the data were analyzed with the help of SPSS 20, UcInet, and VOSviewer software. This study found that a steady growth could be seen on the laser research and 19.47% of publications are found in 5 journals. The most frequent keywords in the field of laser have been “lasers, solid-‎state”, “laser therapy”, “lasers, ‎excimer”, etc. The results of cluster analysis shaped the concepts of laser in 7 clusters. The cluster “laser, excimer” was well developed and it plays an effective role. In contrast, “Photo ‎chemotherapy”, “skin diseases with Emphasis ‎on Lasers, gas”, “Laser Effects”, “Laser dentistry “and “ Corneal Surgery, Laser ” were relatively immature, which necessitates potential research space for future study. This research used co-word networks that indicate the important links between keywords of research areas. Disclosing the thorough context of issues which were encountered at the time of investigating, these networks will be used in locating knowledge gaps. Majority of research approaches include treatments or therapeutic aspects of laser in ophthalmology. The lack of some topics such as cardiology, oncology, optogenetics etc. shows that they have not been considered. Moreover, nevertheless of the practice site, application, or system in use, there is the goal of ‎making and keeping a laser-safe environment for the staff, the user, and patient. These subjects have not been sufficiently considered.
Material Flow Cost Accounting in Developing Countries: A Systematic Review

This study aims to provide a better understanding of material flow cost accounting (MFCA) application in developing countries, which are characterized by rapid structure transformation leading to serious environmental problems. By systematically reviewing the existing literature, our analysis of 28 studies from nine developing countries (China, Indonesia, Iran, Malaysia, South Africa, Sri Lanka, Thailand, the Philippines, and Vietnam) shows that MFCA research has primarily focused on Asian developing countries. Moreover, while the use of MFCA is often associated with improving eco-efficiency, the reviewed studies also indicate a high relevance for strategic decision-making processes within organizations. Finally, one of the key challenges in MFCA application reported in developing country studies lies in existing accounting systems with limited data availability and insufficient cost allocation. Based on our findings and gaps identified in the MFCA literature, we suggest paths for further research, including the necessity of quantitative research and comparative analysis of MFCA application across countries, the further investigation of MFCA application in small and medium-sized enterprises as well as in various manufacturing and service sectors in developing countries.
Will Adaptation Carry the Future? Questioning the Long-term Capacity of Smallholder Farmers’ Adaptation Strategies against Climate Change in Gwanda District, Zimbabwe

Globally, smallholder farmers are adapting to the negative effects of climate change. This paper uses sustainability lenses to interrogate the capacity of current adaptation strategies used by smallholder farmers in Gwanda District, Zimbabwe. In-depth interviews and focus group discussions were held with smallholder farmers, non-governmental organisation representatives, and Agriculture and Extension Services Department (AGRITEX) personnel to understand current adaptation methods used by smallholder farmers and the potential of those strategies to continue delivering positive results into the future. The study found out that most adaptation methods currently being promoted such as conservation agriculture and small grains have various implementation challenges which threaten their sustainability as long-term adaptation methods. Among other recommendations, this paper proposes that more research should be directed at understanding low-cost, labour friendly technologies and strategies for use with current adaptation methods in order to reduce the labour strain on ageing rural populations.
Assessment of Health-Promoting Lifestyle in Female Students

Background & aim: Lifestyle is a way of living, which has effects on people's health. Health-promoting lifestyle (HPL) is a component of health promotion and includes six dimensions. This study aimed to assess the different dimensions of health-promoting lifestyle in female students. Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out on 133 female students of Islamic Azad University, Iran. Who were selected using a multi-stage random sampling. Data was collected through a demographic as well as Walker's lifestyle questionnaire regarding the six dimensions of HPL. The collected data were analyzed in SPSS software (version 24) using descriptive statistics, independent t-test, and Friedman nonparametric test. Results: The mean lifestyle score of students was 50±3.7 (%), which was considered as a moderate level of lifestyle. Mean score of nutrition (54.9±8.8%) and exercise (53.6±8.6%) was at the highest level. The score of other dimensions included self-actualization (51.5±7.5%), health responsibility (46.6±6%), interpersonal support (46.9±5%), and stress management (43.4±6.9%) was on a moderate level. In this study, the total score of lifestyle correlated significantly with the housing status of students, smoking, and coffee consumption (P<0.05). Conclusion: The total score of lifestyle was on a moderate level. The score of stress management, interpersonal support, and health responsibility dimensions was on the lowest level. Accordingly, it is of utmost importance to provide the students with the education and social support programs, thereby improving their lifestyle with an emphasis on these dimensions.
Galactopause Formation and Gas Precipitation during Strong Galactic Outflows

Using X-ray constrained β-models for the radial distribution of gas in the outskirts of galaxies, we analyze the termination of galactic winds and the formation and evolution of halo clouds by thermal instability. At low mass-loss rates ( ) galactic winds are trapped within the halo, but they burst into the intergalactic medium during intermittent strong outflows with . We develop analytic models of halo clouds as they cool radiatively over condensation timescales for hydrogen number densities , gas temperatures T ≈ (106 K)T6, and metallicities (Z/Z⊙). Halo gas can form kiloparsec-scale clouds out to galactocentric distances r ≈ 30–65 kpc, where efficient radiative cooling from 106 K down to T ≈ 104–5 K occurs at Z ≥ 0.3 Z⊙ on timescales less than 1 Gyr. After condensing to column densities NH ≥ 4 × 1016 cm−2, these clouds lose hydrostatic pressure support and fall inward on dynamical timescales of ∼200 Myr. Our baseline analysis will be followed by numerical calculations to understand the governing principles of halo cloud formation and transport of gas to the galactic disk.
Early dark energy is not excluded by current large-scale structure data

We revisit the impact of early dark energy (EDE) on galaxy clustering using BOSS galaxy power spectra, analyzed using the effective field theory (EFT) of large-scale structure (LSS), and anisotropies of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) from Planck. Recent studies found that these data place stringent constraints on the maximum abundance of EDE allowed in the Universe. We argue here that their conclusions are a consequence of their choice of priors on the EDE parameter space, rather than any disagreement between the data and the model. For example, when considering EFT-LSS, CMB, and high-redshift supernovae data we find the EDE and $\Lambda$CDM models can provide statistically indistinguishable fits ($\Delta \chi^2 = 0.12$) with a relatively large value for the maximum fraction of energy density in the EDE ($f_{\rm ede} = 0.09$) and Hubble constant ($H_0 = 71$ km/s/Mpc) in the EDE model. Moreover, we demonstrate that the constraining power added from the inclusion of EFT-LSS traces to the potential tension between the power-spectrum amplitudes $A_s$ derived from BOSS and from Planck that arises even within the context of $\Lambda$CDM. Until this is better understood, caution should be used when interpreting EFT-BOSS+Planck constraints to models beyond $\Lambda$CDM. These findings suggest that EDE still provides a potential resolution to the Hubble tension and that it is worthwhile to test the predictions of EDE with future data-sets and further study its theoretical possibilities.
Compactação do solo na integração soja-pecuária de leite em Latossolo argiloso com semeadura direta e escarificação

Soil compaction from animal traffic is a concern in crop-livestock systems. This experiment was set up in 2007 with the aim of evaluating the effect of different soil management systems and animal traffic on soil physical and water properties and soybean development and yield. The soil evaluated was a dystrofic Red Latosol (Oxisol) under a no-tillage grain crop system intercropped with forage for the past decade. The effect of animal traffic was evaluated in regard to soil bulk density (Bd), macroporosity (Ma), microporosity (Mi), total porosity (TP), soil resistance to penetration (RP) and soil moisture content (θ), as well as soybean emergence, height and yield. A randomized block experimental design was used with three replications, with the treatments of no-tillage soybean cropping without grazing (SD/SP), no-tillage cropping with grazing in oats (SD/CP) and chisel plowing with grazing (ESC/CP). Soil samples were collected in the 0.00 to 0.07 m, 0.07 to 0.15 m and 0.20 to 0.30 m layers at three time periods: before grazing (August 2007), after grazing (December 2007) and after grazing (October 2008). There was no significant effect of grazing on Bd and TP. At 140 days after sowing of soybean, RP reached values above 2 MPa in the 0.00 to 0.15 m layer in the treatments SD/SP and SD/CP, without limiting crop development. Chisel plowing of the soil in crop-livestock integration under the no-tillage system led to soil physical-water conditions less favorable to plant development. Plant height in the SD/SP was greater than in the treatments SD/CP and ESC/CP, and the lowest grain yield was obtained through chisel plowing of the soil in a year with water deficit.
Functional outcome of microscopic lumbar discectomy for the treatment of lumbar disc prolapse in tertiary care hospital in South India

Background: Microscopic lumbar discectomy has become the "gold standard" treatment for disc prolapse with early recovery of patients and quick return to work. Potential benefits include smaller incisions of the skin and fascia, less traumatic surgical procedure, reduced postoperative pain and hospital stay. We have evaluated the efficacy of microscopic lumber discectomy. Methods: This is a prospective observational study conducted in the Department of Orthopaedics in Karpaga Vinayaga Institute of Medical Sciences, Maduranthakam over a 2-year period from 2017 to 2019 on a convenience sample from patients undergoing micro lumbar discectomy for lumbar disc herniation. Functional outcome was evaluated periodically over a 14-week period with the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI). Results: A total of 30 subjects with a mean age of 41.73 years with a mean duration of low back pain of 10.13 months undergoing microscopic lumbar discectomy for lumbar disc prolapse were included in the study. On MRI Finding, 60.00% are noted to have extrusion, 33.33% protrusion and 6.67% sequestration. The mean duration of surgery is 1.28 hours, the mean blood loss is 153.33 mL, the mean duration of hospital stay is 3.17 days. The mean ODI has reduced from preoperative 73.67 ± 7.54 to 16 ± 3.28 at 14week follow-up, which is statistically significant (P Value <0.001). Conclusion: The current study concludes that microscopic lumbar discectomy for herniated lumbar disc is indeed "gold standard" with minimal blood loss and less hospital stay with a good functional outcome, leading to early return to work.