Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Geo-temporal distribution of 1,688 Chinese healthcare workers infected with COVID-19 in severe conditions—A secondary data analysis

Introduction The COVID 19 outbreak is posing an unprecedented challenge to healthcare workers. This study analyzes the geo temporal effects on disease severity for the 1,688 Chinese healthcare workers infected with COVID 19. Method Using the descriptive results recently reported by the Chinese CDC, we compare the percentage of infected healthcare workers in severe conditions over time and across three areas in China, and the fatality rate of infected healthcare workers with all the infected individuals in China aged 22 to 59 years. Results Among the infected Chinese healthcare workers whose symptoms onset appeared during the same ten day period, the percentage of those in severe conditions decreased statistical significantly from 19.7% (Jan 11 to 20) to 14.4% (Jan 21 to 31) to 8.7% (Feb 1 to 11). Across the country, there was also a significant difference in the disease severity among patients symptoms onset during the same period, with Wuhan being the most severe (17%), followed by Hubei Province (10.4%), and the rest of China (7.0%). The case fatality rate for the 1,688 infected Chinese healthcare workers was significantly lower than that for the 29,798 infected patients aged 20 to 59 years 0.3% (5/1,688) vs. 0.65% (193/29,798), respectively. Conclusion The disease severity improved considerably over a short period of time in China. The more severe conditions in Wuhan compared to the rest of the country may be attributable to the draconian lockdown. The clinical outcomes of infected Chinese healthcare workers may represent a more accurate estimation of the severity of COVID 19 for those who have access to quality healthcare.
Micropropagation of juvenile Eucalyptus regnans (Mountain ash)

Node-derived shoot cultures of Eucalyptus regnans were established from in vitro grown seedlings on Murashige and Skoog basal medium supplemented with 0.5 mg L-1 (2 μm) zeatin and 0.05 mg L-1 (0.3 μm) napthaleneacetic acid. A double sterilisation method was essential to obtain clean material from seed. Microcuttings from established cultures were used to develop an efficient method for in vitro rooting. Rooting was best after a 7 day pulse on 20 mg L-1 (98 μm) indolebutyric acid. Hoagland's or Woody Plant Medium supported better rooting than MS basal medium and rooting was significantly enhanced by subculture to activated charcoal after the auxin pulse. Carbohydrate (sucrose or glucose) was essential for rooting while high light intensity was inhibitory. Optimal light conditions were a 12 h day (17 W m-2). In all, 90% of plantlets established in the nursery survived the winter.
The effects of induced sterility on the territorial behaviour and survival of foxes

Summary 1. This paper reports on the behavioural effects of surgical sterilization when used to simulate immunocontraception in free-ranging female foxes Vulpes vulpes . 2. During 3 years of trapping, 348 male and female foxes were fitted with transmitters in two treatment (females sterilized) and two untreated areas. 3. Radio-tracking indicated that sterile and fertile vixens maintained similar-sized territories during the breeding season, but that sterile females were possibly more likely to share their territories with each other. 4. There were no consistent differences in survival or dispersal between sterile and fertile females. 5. Outcomes from the study suggest that immunocontraception in free-living foxes is feasible.
Learning and Peer Effects Incentive Compatible Contracts? Incentive Compatible Contracts?

Property rights theory suggests that vertical integration is a sensible solution to holdup problems and therefore improves social welfare. Theories of reciprocity, in contrast, suggest that vertical integration can reduce social welfare if it implies an unfair distribution. Translating the holdup situation into a simple prisoners' dilemma game, we provide experimental evidence for social preferences at the individual level. Some individuals behave conditionally cooperative in the holdup situation and some do not cooperate when they are offered an incentive compatible but unfair contract. Nevertheless, property rights theory correctly predicts that vertical integration increases aggregate welfare even in the case of unfair outcomes.
PREPARATION OF PICKLED PRODUCT FROM ANCHOVIES (STOLEPHORUS SP.) AND STUDIES ON QUALITY CHANGES DURING STORAGE

In the present study, low cost anchovy pickled product has been developed using traditional technology application of different inhibitory factors to achieve a reasonable shelf life at ambient tropical temperature. Microbial safety, nutrient retention and product quality in terms of flavor and texture after rehydration have been tested. This product has been subjected to storage studies, with respect to product quality and microbial status. It can be kept well for a period of 15 weeks. The quality changes during storage are decreased in sensory scores for the overall acceptance and also for the individual attributes. Increase in nitrogenous components such as total volatile bases nitrogen, trimethylamine nitrogen and alpha amino nitrogen was obtained with the advancement of the storage period. The lipid quality of the fish showed gradual increase in preoxide value and free fatty acid accompanied by decrease in flavor and odor scores. Activity of microorganisms showed a marginal increase with increase in storage period. It is ready-to-eat product or can be lightly fried along with spices. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS Anchovies are one of the important pelagic fish species found in the Indian Ocean, which can grow up to 20 cm (8 in), and prefer the warmer waters around the world. The limiting factors in the effective utilization of anchovies are their small size, seasonal nature of the fishery forming gluts, sensitive to physical, time and temperature changes. Anchovies are rich in omega-3 oils, calcium and iron. They can be cooked fresh, usually sold packed in salt, tinned in oil, as a paste in jars or tubes, or as a sauce. Anchovy pickled products have been developed using application of different inhibitory factors to achieve a reasonable shelf life at ambient tropical temperature. Microbial safety, nutrient retention and product quality in terms of flavor and texture after rehydration have been tested. This product has been subjected to storage studies, with respect to product quality and microbial status. It can be kept well for a period of 15 weeks. Activity of microorganisms showed a marginal increase with increase in storage period. It is a ready-to-eat product or can be lightly fried along with spices. This product is helpful in value addition and better utilization of anchovy catch.
Daphnia food limitation in three hypereutrophic Dutch lakes: Evidence for exclusion of large‐bodied species by interfering filaments of cyanobacteria

The Loosdrecht Lakes comprise three shallow, hypereutrophic lakes in The Netherlands. Research conducted over the past two decades suggests that absence of large‐bodied Daphnia from these lakes can be explained by size‐specific effects of both poor food quality and predatory mortality. The phytoplankton is dominated by filamentous cyanobacteria, which interfere with the feeding of large‐bodied Daphnia. Moreover, dense populations of planktivorous fish are expected to feed selectively on larger prey. More recent research, however, suggests that the growth of the small native Daphnia species, Daphnia cucullata, is limited by low dietary phosphorus (P). In this study, we compared the growth and feeding rates of four Daphnia taxa representing a gradient in body size. In each of 10 growth experiments, native D. cucullata feeding in natural seston exhibited improved growth in response to additions of phosphate and the P‐rich cyanobacterium Synechococcus. The two largest species, Daphnia magna and Daphnia galeata, however, failed to grow in natural seston, even when the seston was supplemented with phosphate, Synechococcus, or Scenedesmus. A D. galeata × cucullata hybrid exhibited weak growth in natural seston and no response to the supplements. Feeding experiments with polystyrene beads show that feeding inhibition in natural seston increased markedly with increased Daphnia size. Our results verify that Daphnia differing in size face different food quality constraints. The growth of native D. cucullata (adult size 0.6–0.8 mm) is reduced by P deficiency, whereas larger Daphnia appear to be excluded by interfering filaments of cyanobacteria.
Blooms of toxin-producing Cyanobacteria — a real threat in small dam reservoirs at the beginning of their operation

Large and harmful cyanobacterial blooms appeared in two newly-built artificial reservoirs shortly after being filled with water. Taxonomic composition of cyanobacterial communities was highly variable in both water bodies and fast species replacement was observed. In the first year of the operation of the smaller Konstantynów Reservoir, the mass development of Anabaena flos-aquae and Planktolyngbya limnetica (48.7 and 53.6% of the cyanobacterial abundance) occurred in summer, while in autumn the dominance of Planktothrix agardhii (99.9%, 14.95 × 106 ind. Dm−3) was noted. The surface scum developed in summer consisted of An. flos-aquae that contained high amounts of anatoxin-a (1412.4 μg AN-a dm−3 of scum) and smaller amounts of microcystins (10 μg eq. MC-LR dm−3 of scum). In the larger Kraśnik Reservoir, Aphanizomenon flos-aquae occurred in high abundance in spring and summer, however, it was replaced by different species of Microcystis (1.3 × 107 ind. dm−3) which created thick surface scum. Simultaneously, a hazardous increase in the total concentration of microcystins (from 13.6 to 788.5 μg eq. MC-LR dm−3 of water with scum) and anatoxin-a (from 0.03 to 43.6 μg dm−3) was observed.
Planktivorous Baltic Herring (Clupea harengus) Prey Selectively on Reproducing Copepods and Cladocerans

Plankton and Baltic herring (Clupea harengus) were sampled simultaneously at nine sites in the northern Baltic Sea and Gulf of Bothnia. The stomachs from 45 herring and 54 plankton samples were analysed. The prey consisted mainly of adult mesozooplankters: copepods and cladocerans. Larger zooplankters (mysids and amphipods) were very rare in the stomachs as were the younger stages (copepodids) of copepods. The stomach contents of the fish changed from brackish water and neritic plankton species in the northern Baltic Proper to limnic species in the northern part of the Bothnian Sea. The diversity of plankton species decreased along with the salinity from south to north. Comparison of the plankton samples and herring stomach contents showed that prey with a large body size was selected as food. Generally this resulted in female copepods being chosen, since they are larger than males of the same species. Especially preferred food items were species and stages which carried conspicuous egg sacs (Eurytemora a.
Modeling Perspective Using Adaptor Grammars

Strong indications of perspective can often come from collocations of arbitrary length; for example, someone writing get the government out of my X is typically expressing a conservative rather than progressive viewpoint. However, going beyond unigram or bigram features in perspective classification gives rise to problems of data sparsity. We address this problem using nonparametric Bayesian modeling, specifically adaptor grammars (Johnson et al., 2006). We demonstrate that an adaptive naive Bayes model captures multiword lexical usages associated with perspective, and establishes a new state-of-the-art for perspective classification results using the Bitter Lemons corpus, a collection of essays about mid-east issues from Israeli and Palestinian points of view.
The Effect of Extended Family Wealth on College Enrollment

I develop a framework for measuring the effect of extended family wealth (EFW) on college enrollment. Exploiting the PSID’s family dynasty structure, I find that a one percent increase in EFW is associated with a 0.3 percentage point increase in the probability of attending college. Using propensity score matching, where the binary treatment flags those in the top 25 percent of EFW, I verify common support and estimate that those receiving treatment have a 15.9 percent higher probability of enrolling in college. Finally, I test the relationship between EFW and college graduation, finding significant and positive results here as well.
Pooling RT-PCR test of SARS-CoV-2 for large cohort of 'healthy' and infection-suspected patients: A prospective and consecutive study on 1,000 individuals

Background SARS-CoV-2 testing reagents are expected to become in short supply worldwide. However, little is unknown whether the pooling strategy detects SARS-CoV-2 with accuracy. Method To validate the feasibility of pooling samples, serial dilution analysis and spike-in experiment were conducted using synthetic DNA and nucleic acids extracted from SARS-CoV-2 positive and negative patients. Furthermore, we studied a total of 1,000 individuals, who were 667 'healthy' (195 healthcare workers and 472 hospitalized patients with other disorders than COVID-19 infection) individuals and 333 infection-suspected patients with cough and fever, were tested. Results Serial dilution analysis showed the limit of detection of around 10-100 copies according to National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Japan. Spike-in experiment demonstrated RT-qPCR detect positive signal in pooling samples of SARS-CoV-2 negative and positive patient at the 5-, 10-, 20-fold dilution. By screening with pooling strategy by the end of April, 2020, there are 12 COVID-19 patients in 333 infection suspected patients (3.6%) and zero in 667 'healthy'. We obtained these results with total running 538 times (instead of 1,000 times) by pooling strategy. Conclusion Pooling samples is feasible for saving test reagents and detecting SARS-CoV-2 in clinical setting to prevent the spread of the virus and nosocomial transmission.
The Impact of Economic Growth and Social Protection on Inequality and Poverty: Empirical Evidence from EU Countries

This paper employs panel data techniques in order to investigate the impact of economic growth and social protection on inequality and poverty in 14 EU countries over the period 1994-2007. Particular emphasis is placed on testing the hypothesis according to which the potential beneficial effects of growth and social expenditures are different under alternative welfare regimes. The analysis also explores the effects of unemployment and labour market institutions on inequality and poverty. The results suggest that social transfers have the most significant effect in alleviating poverty and inequality. Furthermore, our analysis brings to the forefront the prominent role of the structure of social protection system and of welfare state institutions, in distributing the income generated from economic expansion as well as in increasing the effectiveness of social transfers.
Over-education and long-term unemployment

This paper develops a matching model of long-term unemployment in which the evolution of education attainment, long-term unemployment and wage inequality is consistent with the observed pattern in European countries. It argues that skillbiased technological change can generate simultaneously: an increase in education attainment, a rise in long-term unemployment, an increase in within-(education) group wage inequality, a small increase in between-group wage inequality, and a rise in the share of over-educated workers.
Effect of Temperature on the Transmission of COVID-19: A Machine Learning Case Study in Spain

The novel coronavirus (COVID-19) has already spread to almost every country in the world and has infected over 3 million people. To understand the transmission mechanism of this highly contagious virus, it is necessary to study the potential factors, including meteorological conditions. Here, we present a machine learning approach to study the effect of temperature, humidity and wind speed on the number of infected people in the three most populous autonomous communities in Spain. We find that there is a moderate inverse correlation between temperature and the daily number of infections. This correlation manifests for temperatures recorded up to 6 days before the onset, which corresponds well to the known mean incubation period of COVID-19. We also show that the correlation for humidity and wind speed is not significant.
Judging Without Knowing: How people evaluate others based on phenotype and country of origin – Technical Report

Judging Without Knowing: How people evaluate others based on phenotype and country of origin – Technical Report by Susanne Veit and Ruta Yemane This report describes the design, data, and main results of an online survey (i.e., the “Judging Without Knowing” survey) that was conducted between October 2017 and June 2018 with more than 2,000 registered members on Clickworker (a commercial survey company in Germany). The survey was conducted in order to provide a post-hoc test of the stimulus material (photos) that was used in two correspondence tests on labor market discrimination (i.e., the ADIS and GEMM studies) and to enable further analyses on the role of ethnic stereotypes for ethnic discrimination in hiring. The survey consisted of two parts. The first part of the survey was a post-hoc validation study that aimed at providing an empirical test of the comparability of the photos (phenotype stimuli) from the ADIS and GEMM studies with regard to attractiveness, (ascribed) competence, and sympathy. The second part of the survey studied the stereotypes Germans have about different immigrant groups in Germany. In contrast to previous studies, we asked respondents to rate in how far a range of bipolar adjectives that belong to different stereotype content models (i.e., SCM, 2d-ABC model, and facet model) fit for 38 different ethnic origin groups. In addition, we randomly varied whether respondents had to provide their personal view (“I think .”) or their view of the nationally shared stereotype (“Germans think .”). Overall, our findings show that respondents evaluated the photos from the ADIS and GEMM studies differently – but most differences were not substantial. Evaluations differed more strongly between respondents than between photos, and more strongly between photos of males and females and photos series (i.e., original photos and photos that were adjusted with image processing software) than between phenotype groups. The stereotype survey suggests that instruction matters. Respondents rate the different origin groups more positively when asked to express their own opinion than when asked to state the opinion of the Germans. Second, our results raise doubts as for whether Communion is the primary dimension when it comes to stereotypes about immigrant groups in Germany. Ascribed Capacity, Beliefs, and Power seem more important than ascribed Communion. Finally, there seems to be a main divide between the (poor) global south and the (wealthy) global north. Stereotypes about immigrant groups from the global south are generally more negative than stereotypes about immigrants from the global north.
Crescimento em viveiro de cultivo do camarão canela (Macrobrachium Amazonicum) (Decapoda, Palaemonidae)

Prawn growth in intensive culture ponds depends upon the cultured species and internal (nutrition state) and external (pond condition) factors. To obtain growth taxa in aquaculture for the "canela" prawn (Macrobrachium amazonicum), experiments were carried out at Amapa and Pernambuco, Brazil. The initial prawn population of Amapa ponds carne from different places of the Amazon river, while those from Pernambuco from hatcheries of the Departamento de Oceanografia da Universidade Federal de Pernambuco. Physico-chemical and biological analyses of the water were made at the same time. The growth rate was estimated through collections of samples of about 10% of the initial population, with measures of the orbital length of each individual. Ponds' harvests were done when most of the population presented an orbital length equal to or larger than 80 mm. The present results showed 70 mm average size after 3-4 months of the post-larvae settlement to be the ideal for harvesting, favouring the utilization of this species for intensive aquaculture. Data on correlation, orbital and total growth, and weight gain were obtained during prawn growth.
S2045796019000167jra 1..9

Aims. This systematic review compiled evidence on interventions to reduce mental healthrelated stigma among medical and nursing students in lowand middle-income countries (LMICs). Primary outcomes were stigmatising attitudes and discriminatory behaviours. Methods. Data collection included two strategies. First, previous systematic reviews were searched for studies that met the inclusion criteria of the current review. Second, a new search was done, covering the time since the previous reviews, i.e. January 2013 to May 2017. Five search concepts were combined in order to capture relevant literature: stigma, mental health, intervention, professional students in medicine and nursing, and LMICs. A qualitative analysis of all included full texts was done with the software MAXQDA. Full texts were analysed with regard to the content of interventions, didactic methods, mental disorders, cultural adaptation, type of outcome measure and primary outcomes. Furthermore, a methodological quality assessment was undertaken. Results. A total of nine studies from six countries (Brazil, China, Malaysia, Nigeria, Somaliland and Turkey) were included. All studies reported significant results in at least one outcome measure. However, from the available literature, it is difficult to draw conclusions on the most effective interventions. No meta-analysis could be calculated due to the large heterogeneity of intervention content, evaluation design and outcome measures. Studies with contact interventions (either face-to-face or video) demonstrated attitudinal change. There was a clear lack of studies focusing on discriminatory behaviours. Accordingly, training of specific communication and clinical skills was lacking in most studies, with the exception of one study that showed a positive effect of training interview skills on attitudes. Methods for cultural adaptation of interventions were rarely documented. The methodological quality of most studies was relatively low, with the exception of two studies. Conclusions. There is an increase in studies on anti-stigma interventions among professional students in LMICs. Some of these studies used contact interventions and showed positive effects. A stronger focus on clinical and communication skills and behaviour-related outcomes is needed in future studies.