Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Multiple Relational Learning Network for Joint Referring Expression Comprehension and Segmentation

Multi-task learning is a successful learning framework which improves the performance of prediction models by leveraging knowledge among related tasks. Referring expression comprehension (REC) and segmentation (RES) are highly relevant tasks, which both are language-guided visual recognition tasks. However, their relations have not yet been fully exploited in previous works. In this paper, a Multiple Relational Learning Network (MRLN) is proposed for multi-task learning of REC and RES. First, a feature-feature interaction learning module is introduced to handle the complicated interactions among features. Moreover, we propose a feature-task dependence learning module, which associates the related features with target tasks. Furthermore, a task-task relationship learning module is designed, which captures the relationships among tasks automatically and guides the REC and RES fine-tuning adaptively. To verify our proposed approach, experiments are conducted on three benchmark datasets, i.e., RefCOCO, RefCOCO+, and RefCOCOg. Extensive experiments demonstrate that the multiple relationships are more appealing since it alleviates the prediction inconsistency issue in multi-task setup. In addition, the experimental results report the significant performance gains of MRLN over most existing methods, i.e., up to 83.46% for REC and 63.62% for RES over state-of-the-art methods, which demonstrate the validity and superiority of MRLN.
Degenerate Principal Series Representations of GL n ( C ) and GL n ( R )

Let F be the field C or R. For 1⩽k⩽[n/2], let Pk be the maximal parabolic subgroup of GLn(F) with its Levi factor isomorphic to GLn−k(F)×GLk(F). In this paper, we explicitly calculate the action of the enveloping algebra of gln(F) on the degenerate principal series representations induced from characters of Pk. We address composition series, K-types and unitarity.
Long-term trends in inflowing chlorophyll a and nutrients and their relation to dissolved oxygen in a large western reservoir

Abstract Naymik J, Larsen CA, Myers R, Hoovestol C, Gastelecutto N, Bates D. 2023. Long-term trends in inflowing chlorophyll a and nutrients and their relation to dissolved oxygen in a large western reservoir. Lake Reserv Manage. 39:53–71. Anoxia in Brownlee Reservoir is one of the numerous water quality issues associated with eutrophic conditions in the Snake River as it flows through southern Idaho and parts of eastern Oregon. The states of Idaho and Oregon have developed total maximum daily loads (TMDLs) for multiple reaches of the Snake River and its tributaries upstream of Brownlee Reservoir intended to address poor water quality. Despite the emphasis on developing TMDLs throughout the Snake River and its tributaries, published long-term trend monitoring to evaluate the results of the TMDLs is lacking. Trends in Snake River concentrations and loads summarized using weighted regressions on time, discharge, and season show that combined efforts to improve water quality upstream of Brownlee Reservoir have realized decreasing trends in concentrations of chlorophyll a, total phosphorus, and suspended solids (80%, 46%, and 61% reductions, respectively) from 1995 to 2021. Brownlee Reservoir, a large mainstem reservoir with short residence time, has responded quickly to inflowing reductions of chlorophyll a and total phosphorus. Since 2005, dissolved oxygen (DO) has improved in the reservoir, with a 33% reduction in the volume of the reservoir having DO less than 1 mg/L. This supports the primary premise of upstream TMDLs and demonstrates that inflowing water quality improvements are effective at improving in-reservoir dissolved oxygen.
THE NONLINEARITY OF GUIDED WAVE IN AN ELASTIC PLATE

The ultrasonic nonlinearity has been considered as a promising method to evaluate the material degradation, since it is sensitive to the minute variation of material properties. However, most researches were restricted to the nonlinear phenomena of bulk (longitudinal) wave propagation in the bulky medium. In the case of plate, however, the propagating elastic wave is Lamb wave of which characteristics are completely different with the bulk wave, and thus the separate study for the nonlinearity of Lamb wave is required. This paper reports the result of our basic study on the nonlinear phenomena of Lamb waves, which proposes conditions for practical application as well as for the cumulative propagation of quadratic harmonic frequency mode; (1) phase matching, (2) non-zero power flux, (3) group velocity matching, and (4) non-zero out-of-plane displacement.
Effects of Person-Centered Information for Parents of Children With Cancer (the PIFBO Study): A Randomized Controlled Trial

Background: Conveying information to parents is a core part of pediatric oncology nursing; however, most published interventions do not tailor information to individual parental needs. Objective: To evaluate the effect on parental illness-related stress of person-centered information provided to parents of children with cancer. Methods: A multicenter, unblinded randomized controlled trial with two parallel arms recruiting parents of children diagnosed within the past two months from two tertiary children's cancer centers in Sweden. Parents were randomized using sealed envelopes prepared and opened by an independent person. Parents in the intervention arm met four times with experienced nurses trained in the intervention, whereas controls received standard care. The effect of the intervention was measured five times regarding parents’ illness-related stress. Secondary outcomes were psychosocial states, experiences with healthcare providers, and received information. Further, we collected process data on the intervention's content and fidelity. Results: Of the 32 parents included and analyzed in the study, 16 were randomized to the intervention, which addressed a broad variety of topics. The intervention increased parents’ knowledge about the biophysiological and functional aspects of their child's illness, but it had no measurable effect on their distress. Discussion: Although fidelity to the intervention protocol was sufficient, the study was flawed by recruitment difficulties, primarily due to organizational factors, which may have prevented us from observing any possible effects on psychosocial distress. Having a person-centered perspective could be promising for future studies aimed at parents of children with cancer. (Registered at Clinicaltrials.gov, number NCT02332226.)
Simultaneous Comparisons of Multiple Treatments to Two (or More) Control

Abstract : Dunnett (1955) developed a procedure comparing m treatments to one control with an exact overall type I error of alpha when all sampling distributions as normal. Sometimes it is desirable to compare m treatments to K > or = 2 controls. In particular, it is often desired to compare m treatments with two controls. For instance, several new treatments (e.g., pain relievers) could be compared to two standard treatments (e.g., Aspirin and Tylenol). Alternatively, a standard treatment could be very expensive, difficult to apply and/or have bad side effects, making it useful to compare each new treatment to both standard treatment and not treatment (Placebo). Dunnett's method is expanded here to give comparisons of mean values for m treatments to mean values for K > or = 2 controls at an exact overall type I error of a alpha when all sampling distributions are normal. Tabled values needed to make exact simultaneous comparisons at alpha =. 05 are given for K=2. An application is made to an illustrative example for the literature.
Motivational Interviewing Education and Utilization in US Physical Therapy

Supplemental Digital Content is Available in the Text. Introduction. In physical rehabilitation, motivational interviewing (MI) can improve treatment adherence and therapeutic outcomes. The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between MI education and use of MI skills in physical therapy practice in the United States. Review of Literature. Motivational interviewing is an empirically supported technique for facilitating behavior change. Numerous studies have examined its use in physical rehabilitation settings. No research has examined education and utilization of MI in physical therapy in the United States. Subjects. Physical therapists (PTs) in the United States (N = 785) responded to an electronic survey distributed through the special interest academies and state chapters of the American Physical Therapy Association. Methods. Descriptive, correlational, and group comparisons were used to analyze the survey responses about MI utilization in clinical practice, characteristics of MI training, and self-reported use of MI communication skills. Results. Two-thirds of the sample reported using MI and half of the sample received training in MI. Motivational interviewing training was heterogeneous, with interactive elements superior to lecture alone. Interestingly, training received in PT education programs correlated negatively with the use of the MI skills assessed in this study. Use of MI skills significantly correlated with increased perceived patient adherence and decreased struggle with patients. Discussion and Conclusion. Incorporation of MI into physical therapy practice has the potential to improve patient care through increased therapeutic rapport, improvement of health outcomes associated with behavior change, and improved job satisfaction. Although MI is becoming more prevalent in physical therapy practice in the United States, the results of this study suggest that MI education should include dynamic components to increase the effective use of MI skills in clinical practice.
On the mechanism of sinuous and varicose modes in three‐dimensional viscous secondary instability of nonlinear Görtler rolls

The present study begins with the solution of the linearized partial differential equations for viscous, secondary instabilities of nonlinearly developed primary Gortler rolls. A global energy balance verifies the amplification rates obtained from secondary instability analysis and confirms that the sinuous mode would dominate. This therefore explains the strong resemblance between the rms‐streamwise u‐velocity structure obtained by hot‐wire measurements [Swearingen and Blackwelder, J. Fluid Mech. 182, 255 (1987)] in the cross‐sectional yz plane and that of the sinuous mode. The u contours of the secondary disturbance have peaks at locations corresponding to the shoulder regions of the mushroom‐like primary streamwise U‐velocity structure and even more intense regions surrounding the mushroom stem near the wall. This structure is explained by detailed analysis of the energy‐balancing mechanisms for u2/2 in yz plane: the Reynolds stress‐conversion mechanism predominantly affects the primary spanwise rate o.
Brain Tumor at Diagnosis: From Cognition and Behavior to Quality of Life

Background: The present narrative review aims to discuss cognitive–emotional–behavioral symptoms in adults with brain tumors at the time of diagnosis. Methods: The PubMed database was searched considering glioma, pituitary adenoma, and meningioma in adulthood as pathologies, together with cognitive, neuropsychological, or behavioral aspects. Results: Although a significant number of studies describe cognitive impairment after surgery or treatment in adults with brain tumors, only few focus on cognitive–emotional–behavioral symptoms at diagnosis. Furthermore, the importance of an effective communication and its impact on patients’ quality of life and compliance with treatment are seldom discussed. Conclusions: Adults with brain tumors have needs in terms of cognitive–emotional–behavioral features that are detectable at the time of diagnosis; more research is needed to identify effective communication protocols in order to allow a higher perceived quality of life in these patients.
Conceptual and Derivation Systems

Pavel Materna proposed valuable explications of concept and conceptual system. After their introduction, we contrast conceptual systems with (a novel notion of) derivation systems. Derivation systems differ from conceptual systems especially in including derivation rules. This enables us to show close connections among the realms of objects, their concepts, and reasoning with concepts.
Quantifying pelagic primary production and respiration via an automated in situ incubation system

Pelagic photosynthesis and respiration serve critical roles in controlling the dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration in seawater. The consumption and production via pelagic primary production are of particular importance in the surface ocean and in freshwater ecosystems where photosynthetically active radiation is abundant. However, the dynamic nature and large degree of heterogeneity in these ecosystems pose substantial challenges for providing accurate estimates of marine primary production and metabolic state. The resulting lack of higher‐resolution data in these systems hinders efforts in scaling and including primary production in predictive models. To bridge the gap, we developed and validated a novel automated water incubator that measures in situ rates of photosynthesis and respiration. The automated water incubation system uses commercially available optodes and microcontrollers to record continuous measurements of DO within a closed chamber at desired intervals. With fast response optodes, the incubation system produced measurements of photosynthesis and respiration with an hourly resolution, resolving diel signals in the water column. The high temporal resolution of the time series also enabled the development of Monte Carlo simulation as a new data analysis technique to calculate DO fluxes, with improved performance in noisy time series. Deployment of the incubator was conducted near Ucantena Island, Massachusetts, U.S.A. The data captured diel fluctuations in metabolic fluxes with an hourly resolution, allowed for a more accurate correlation between oxygen cycling and environmental conditions, and provided improved characterization of the pelagic metabolic state.
Brightness temperature for 166 radio sources

Using the database of the University of Michigan Radio Astronomy Observatory (UMRAO) at three radio frequencies (4.8, 8 and 14.5 GHz), we determined the short-term variability timescales for 166 radio sources. The timescales are 0.15 d (2007+777) to 176.17 d (0528–250) with an average timescale of Δ t obs = 17 . 1  16 . 5 d for the whole sample. The timescales are used to calculate the brightness temperatures, T B . The value of log T B is in the range of log T B = 10.47 to 19.06 K. In addition, we also estimated the boosting factor for the sources. The correlation between the polarization and the Doppler factor is also discussed.
Mechanisms for intensification and maintenance of numerically simulated dust devils

A large eddy simulation (LES) of a well‐developed convective boundary layer (CBL) under no mean wind condition was performed with the Weather Research and Forecasting model in order to investigate the mechanisms for the intensification and maintenance of dust devils. By examining intense vortices from high temporal‐frequency outputs, it was found that most of the intense vortices are intensified through the merger of multiple vortices. Moreover, such a significantly intense vortex was maintained and more enhanced by additionally merging small‐scale vortices and tilting horizontal vortices at boundaries of convective cells. Copyright © 2010 Royal Meteorological Society
Multi-attribute decision-making using Archimedean aggregation operator in T-spherical fuzzy environment

As an extension of several fuzzy structures such as fuzzy sets, intuitionistic fuzzy sets, picture fuzzy sets, q-rung ortho-pair fuzzy sets, and T-spherical fuzzy (TSF) sets (TSFSs), are an effective tool for controlling the vagueness of data. Archimedean t-conorm (ATCN) and t-norm (ATN), which consists of the t-conorm (TCN) and t-norm (TN) families, is a crucial approach for fuzzy sets to produce extensive operational rules. In this manuscript, for TSF numbers some core operational laws are initiated based on ATCN and ATN, also some basic characteristics of these operational laws are investigated. Secondly, based on these operational laws TSF Archimedean weighted averaging (TSPFAWA) and TSF Archimedean weighted geometric (TSPFAWG) operators are initiated. Thirdly, we investigated special cases of these aggregation operators and some basic properties. On the behalf of the TSPFAWA and TSPFAWG operators, a novel method for solving multiple attribute decision-making (MADM) problems using TSF information is also devised. Lastly, a numerical example is provided to demonstrate the applicability of the suggested technique, and a comparison analysis is done to demonstrate its advantages.
Effect of "Crawling" and Peculiarities of Motion of a Rotor with Pendular Self-Balancers

The results of investigation of a new phenomenon represented by the revolving of stiff rotor in elastic supports with four self-balanced pendulums are discussed in the article. The rotor is rotating with some operating velocity but the pendulums are moving with a frequency which equals one from two critical velocities of the rotor rotation connected with its linear or angular motion parameters. The procedure of mathematical models construction for system with eight degrees of freedom is offered. Dynamical interactions’ properties between partial systems with definite forms of a motion self-organization in a freely suspended pendulum group are discussed.
Prospective associations of psychedelic treatment for co-occurring alcohol misuse and posttraumatic stress symptoms among United States Special Operations Forces Veterans

ABSTRACT This study evaluated prospective associations of ibogaine and 5-MeO-DMT treatment for risky alcohol use and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms among United States (US) Special Operations Forces Veterans (SOFV). Data were collected during standard clinical operations at pre-treatment and 1-month (1 m), 3-months (3 m), and 6-months (6 m) post-treatment in an ibogaine and 5-MeO-DMT treatment program in Mexico. Of the 86 SOFV that completed treatment, 45 met criteria for risky alcohol use at pre-treatment (mean age = 44; male = 100%; White = 91%). There was a significant reduction in alcohol use from pre-treatment (M = 7.2, SD = 2.3) to 1 m (M = 3.6; SD = 3.5) post-treatment, which remained reduced through 6 m (M = 4.0; SD = 2.9; p < .001, partial eta squared = .617). At 1 m, 24% were abstinent, 33% were non-risky drinking, and 42% were risky drinkers. At 6 m, 16% were abstinent, 31% were non-risky drinking, and 53% were risky drinkers. There were no differences between responders (abstinent/non-risky drinkers) and non-responders (risky drinkers) in demographics/clinical characteristics. However, there were significant and very large differences between responders and non-responders in PTSD symptom (p < .01, d = −3.26) and cognitive functioning change (p < .01, d = −0.99). Given these findings, future clinical trials should determine whether psychedelic-assisted therapy holds promise for individuals with complex trauma and alcohol misuse who have not been successfully treated with traditional interventions.
The Excedance Set of a Permutation

The excedance set of a permutation ? =? 1? 2···? n is the set of indices i for which ? ii. We give a formula for the number of permutations with a given excedance set and recursive formulas satisfied by these numbers. We prove log-concavity of certain sequences of these numbers and we show that the most common excedance set among permutations in the symmetric group Sn is {1,2,? ,? n/2? }. We also relate certain excedance set numbers to Stirling numbers of the second kind, and others to the Genocchi numbers.
Heating, Moisture, and Water Budgets of Tropical and Midlatitude Squall Lines: Comparisons and Sensitivity to Longwave Radiation

Abstract A two-dimensional, time-dependent, and nonhydrostatic numerical cloud model is used to estimate the heating (Q1, moisture (Q2), and water budgets in the convective and stratiform regions for a tropical and a midlatitude squall line (EMEX and PRE-STORM). The model is anelastic and includes a parameterized three-class ice-phase microphysical scheme and longwave radiative transfer processes. A quantitative estimate of the impact of the longwave radiative cooling on the total surface precipitation as well as on the development and structure of these two squall lines is presented. It was found that the vertical eddy moisture fluxes are a major contribution to the model-derived Q2 budgets in both squall cases. A distinct midlevel minimum in the Q2 profile for the EMEX case is due to vertical eddy transport in the convective region. On the other hand, the contribution to the Q1 budget by the cloud-scale fluxes is minor for the EMEX case. In contrast, the vertical eddy heat flux is relatively important f.
Multiple Trajectories of Body Mass Index and Waist Circumference and Their Associations with Hypertension and Blood Pressure in Chinese Adults from 1991 to 2018: A Prospective Study

Body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) have been suggested to be involved in the etiology of hypertension. The present study aimed to determine multiple trajectories of BMI and WC, then examined their associations with the risks of hypertension and high blood pressure in Chinese adults. The study used China Health and Nutrition Survey data from 1991 to 2018. The sample included 9651 adults aged 18 years or older. We used group-based multi-trajectory modeling to identify trajectories. We estimated the relationships between the trajectories and the risks of hypertension with a Cox proportional hazards regression model and the trajectories’ relationships with blood pressure levels with a generalized linear model. We identified four trajectories for each gender: low stable BMI, low increasing WC (group 1); medium increasing BMI, medium increasing WC (group 2); increasing BMI to overweight, increasing WC to central obesity (group 3), increasing BMI to obesity, increasing central obesity WC (group 4). Group 1 was the reference group. Among males in groups 2, 3, and 4, the adjusted hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) of hypertension were 1.30 (1.15–1.48), 1.86 (1.58–2.18), and 2.60 (2.02–3.34), respectively. The systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) of males in group 4 increased by 11.90 mm of mercury (mmHg) and 7.75 mmHg, respectively. Among females in groups 2, 3, and 4, the HR and 95% CI of hypertension were 1.35 (1.18–1.54), 1.92 (1.62–2.26), and 2.37 (1.85–3.03), respectively. The SBP and DBP of females in group 4 increased by 8.84 mmHg and 5.79 mmHg, respectively. These data indicated that increases in BMI and WC were associated with unfavorable hypertension risks. Attention to both BMI and WC trajectories has the potential to prevent hypertension.