Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Disdrometer measurements under Sense-City rainfall simulator

Abstract. The Hydrology, Meteorology and Complexity Laboratory of École des Ponts ParisTech (http://hmco.enpc.fr, last access: 24 March 2020) and the Sense-City consortium (http://sense-city.ifsttar.fr/, last access: 24 March 2020) made available a dataset of optical disdrometer measurements stemming from a campaign that took place in September 2017 under the rainfall simulator of the Sense-City climatic chamber, which is located near Paris. Two OTT Parsivel2 disdrometers were used. The size and velocity of drops falling through the sampling area of the devices of roughly a few tens of square centimetres are computed by disdrometers. This enables the estimation of the drop size distribution and the further study of rainfall microphysics or kinetic energy for example. Raw data – basically a matrix containing a number of drops according to classes of size and velocity, along with more aggregated ones such as rain rate and drop size distribution with filtering – are available. The dataset is publicly available at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3347051(Gires et al., 2019).
Support vector regression and genetic-algorithm-based multiobjective optimization of mesoscopic geometric characteristic parameters of ball-end milling tool

The poor machinability of titanium alloys results in the serious wear of the rake face of a ball-end milling tool. Previous studies indicated that the mesoscopic geometric characteristics of the tool can effectively improve the wear resistance. Therefore, in this thesis, a milling force model and a milling temperature model of a ball-end milling tool were established to verify the effect of the blunt and negative chamfer tool edges. Setting up a test platform for milling titanium alloy, the influence of mesoscopic geometric characteristic parameters on cutting performance of the ball-end milling tool was analyzed. In addition, based on the support vector regression and genetic algorithm, the optimal mesoscopic geometric characteristic parameters were obtained, which were under the four evaluation indices, such as mechanical–thermal characteristics, tool wear, and surface quality of the workpiece. It was verified experimentally that the tool life of the optimized micro-textured tools with the blunt and chamfer tool edges were improved by 33% and 25%, respectively, and the surface roughness was reduced by 26% and 23%, respectively, which were compared to the non-optimized tools. This thesis provides a reference for improving the processing efficiency and the quality of titanium alloys.
Detrital Thermochronometry Reveals That the Topography Along the Antarctic Peninsula is Not a Pleistocene Landscape

Using offshore detrital apatite (U‐Th)/He thermochronometry and 3D thermo‐kinematic modeling of the catchment topography, we constrain the timing of major topographic change at Bourgeois Fjord, Antarctic Peninsula (AP). While many mid‐latitude glacial landscapes developed primarily in response to global cooling over the last ~2.6 Ma, we find that kilometer‐scale landscape evolution at Bourgeois Fjord began ~30–12 Ma ago and <2 km of valley incision has occurred since ~16 Ma. This early onset of major topographic change occurred following the initiation of alpine glaciation at this location and prior to the development of a regional polythermal ice sheet inferred from sedimentary evidence offshore of the AP. We hypothesize that topographic change relates to (i) feedbacks between an evolving topography and glacial erosion processes, (ii) effects of glacial‐interglacial variability, and (iii) the prevalence of subglacial meltwater. The timing and inferred spatial patterns of long‐term exhumation at Bourgeois Fjord are consistent with a hypothesis that glacial erosion processes were suppressed at the AP during global Plio‐Pleistocene cooling, rather than enhanced. Our study examines the long‐term consequences of glacial processes on catchment‐wide erosion as the local climate cooled. Our findings support the hypothesis that landscapes at different latitudes had different responses to global cooling. Our results also suggest that erosion is enhanced along the plateau flanks of Bourgeois Fjord today, which may be due to periglacial processes or mantling via subglacial till. If regional warming persists and meltwater becomes more pronounced, we predict that enhanced erosion along the plateau flank will accelerate topographic change.
EFFECTS OF PSYCHOLOGICAL STRESS, ACUTE COLD STRESS, AND DIET ON FORESTOMACH CONTRACTIONS IN CATTLE

Studies were made on forestomach contraction frequencies as affected by diet (brome hay, alfalfa hay, alfalfa silage and barley concentrate diet), acute cold stress and acute psychological stress. Four 15-mo-old steers fitted with ruminal fistulae were used in a 4 × 4 Latin square design. Diets did not influence contractile frequencies of the forestomachs, and did not interact with the effects of the stresses. Acute cold stress and psychological stress both produced significant increases of forestomach contraction frequencies and of heart rate. Key words: Cold stress, psychological stress, forestomach contractions, heart rate
Cytolysis by H-2-specific T killer cells. Assembly of tubular complexes on target membranes

Cloned T killer cells derived from one-way mixed lymphocyte reactions were characterized with regard to their Lyt phenotype and specificity. Two clones of Lyt-1-2+ phenotype that recognized H-2Dd were selected and examined for their cytolytic function by negative staining and thin section electron microscopy. When incubated with the H-2d target S194, they assemble two types of tubular complexes, polyperforin 1 and 2. Both structures appear to arise by polymerization of precursors that may originate in dense granules and/or Golgi of T killer cells. Polyperforins appear to be associated with vesicles that are released during the lytic reaction and transferred to target membranes as shown by immunoelectron microscopy. Since there is a close correlation between target lysis and the appearance of polyperforins on target membranes, it is suggested that polyperforins take part in the cell- mediated killing reaction. Although polyperforins are different in size and several molecular properties from complement, there are striking similarities between these circular complexes and polyperforin (C9). It is therefore possible that they belong to a closely related family of cytolytic effector molecules.
Tourism development and residents’ well-being: Comparing two seaside destinations in Italy

There is now growing empirical evidence that tourism development affects residents’ attitudes to tourism and individuals’ perceived well-being. Building on previous studies, this article wishes to ascertain whether this phenomenon is common to different destinations or is site-specific. To this aim, a propensity score method is implemented. The empirical analysis is based on a two-step survey (pre-, and peak-tourism season) carried out in two seaside destinations in Italy where tourism is a major economic sector. While results demonstrate that residents’ happiness is endangered by tourism development, this article evidences that this stylized fact shows some peculiarities that are site-specific. It follows that socioeconomic and cultural characteristics, history and type of tourist development matter and have to be considered in developing any tourism policy.
Financial Reporting and Trade Credit: Evidence from Mandatory
 IFRS
 Adoption*

We investigate the effect of mandatory international financial reporting standards (IFRS) adoption on trade credit. We document that firms in countries that adopt IFRS receive more trade credit from their suppliers, consistent with improved financial reporting quality and comparability playing a role in facilitating informal financing. This increase is larger for countries with a low level of societal trust, a poor pre-IFRS-adoption information environment, and stronger legal enforcement. These cross-sectional results suggest that the conditions under which higher quality information is made publicly available affect suppliers’ decisions to provide trade credit. This increase is also larger for firms with greater exposure to foreign markets, a finding that highlights the importance of more comparable international financial reporting standards in facilitating cross-country trade credit. We also find that IFRS adoption has a stronger positive effect on trade credit for firms with greater liquidity needs. Finally, we find that firms in countries that adopt IFRS also extend more trade credit to their customers. Overall, our results support the notion that financial reporting can have a causal effect on trade credit.
The heritability of sexually dimorphic traits in the yellow dung fly Scathophaga stercoraria (L.)

A precise method was used for estimating the proportion of heritable variation in two life history parameters of the yellow dung fly, whereby environmental components of variance were minimized. Significant heritable variation for body size was revealed for father to son and mother to daughter relationships. Variation in development time was not significantly heritable. There is a marked sexual dimorphism in body size in this species which is discussed in the light of the observed sex‐genotype interaction in heritabilities and low genetic correlation for size between the sexes. It is suggested that opposing pressures of sexual and natural selection and/or genetic pleotropy may be responsible for the maintenance of heritable variation, and the evolution of sexual dimorphism in these two traits.
Role of soil mineral nitrogen for agricultural crops: Nitrogen nutrition diagnostics in Lithuania

Abstract We validated: (i) the significance of mineral nitrogen present in the soil for diagnosing the agricultural crops need for fertilization, and (ii) the environmental effects of N. These were achieved by conducting field and laboratory experiments under Lithuanian agro-climatic conditions. The yield of agricultural crops correlated most strongly with mineral-N, somewhat less with nitrate-N and least with ammonia-N. Crop yields correlated most strongly with mineral-N amount measured in spring (April) in the 0 – 60 cm soil layer. Crop yields and the efficacy of N fertilizer depends on the amount of mineral-N in soil; when its amount increases, plant yield increases and there is a subsequent decrease in the efficacy of mineral fertilizers. Calculation of the rates of N fertilization in spring should be based on the amounts of mineral-N present in soil. Calculation of crop need for additional N fertilization should be based on the results of plant chemical content analysis. The crop should be fertilized additionally when total N in plant dry matter is <35 g kg−1, N:P ratio <9.0 and K:N ratio >0.90.
Effect of Sclerin on Production of the Aminoglycoside Antibiotics Accompanied by Salvage Function in Streptomyces

Sclerin (SCL) stimulated the production of aminoglycoside antibiotics. Production of kanamycin (KM) was preceded by formation of KM-N-acetyltransferase and initiated by induction of N-acetyl-KM-amidohydrolase. KM-acetyltransferase rapidly developed and suddenly decreased at an early trophophase, whereas N-acetyl-KM-amidohydrolase appeared late and increased gradually. Addition of SCL to the culture initially most enhanced the productivity of KM, inducing both enzymes. Production of ribostamycin (RM) was also preceded by RM-acetyltransferase and optimal period for SCL addition was initial. On the other hand, production of streptomycin (SM) associated with both SM-(streptidino) kinase and alkaline phosphatase through trophophase and idiophase was rather stimulated by SCL added later. SCL induced alkaline phosphatase but not SM-(streptidino) kinase. Thus, a difference has been found in the effect of SCL between regulation of aminoglycoside-modifying (salvaging) enzymes and productivity of antibiotics.
Ecological Studies Of The Gastropod Fauna Of Some Minor Tributaries Of River Benue In Makurdi, Nigeria

Some tributaries of Benue river in Makurdi were surveyed for gastropod fauna between May and October 2004. The scoop net method was employed and complimented with hand picking technique. Four species of snails were encountered; Lanistes libycus (44.78 %), Melanoides tuberculata (21.86 %), Bulinus truncatus (22.03 %) and Potandoma species (11.33 %). ANOVA revealed no significant difference (P < 0.05) in distribution of snail species and physio-chemical parameters showed no striking disparity in the water bodies sampled. The predominant aquatic flora encountered were Ipomoea aquatica, Nymphaea lotus and Graminae species. The nutritional and medical implications of snail species encountered and observed human water contact pattern were discussed.
Multi-objective parametric optimization on machining of Inconel-825 using wire electrical discharge machining

Wire electrical discharge machining is a thermal energy-based non-conventional machining process which can machine conductive materials with high precision. In this present work, machining of Inconel-825 was performed using wire electrical discharge machining. Multi-objective parametric optimization was performed for maximum cutting rate and minimum surface roughness using teaching–learning-based optimization, grey relational analysis, and genetic algorithm. Four wire electrical discharge machining parameters, namely spark off time (SOFF), spark on time (SON), peak current (IP), and angle of cutting (A) were considered. Comparison of optimum wire electrical discharge machining parameters through teaching–learning-based optimization, grey relational analysis, and genetic algorithm was performed. The better optimum solution for wire electrical discharge machining parameters was obtained using teaching–learning-based optimization and optimum values were at IP (1 A), SON (30 µs), SOFF (12.5 µs), and A (44.8°) with cutting rate as 19.744 mm/min and surface roughness as 1.331 µm. The optimum results obtained using optimization techniques were validated with the experimental results and error was observed to be within 5%. Moreover, response surface models were developed to predict the cutting rate and surface roughness in terms of wire electrical discharge machining parameters using analysis of variance.
Influence of barium doping on structural and magnetic properties of bismuth ferrite thin films via spray pyrolysis method

Single-phase Bi(1-x) BaxFeO3 (0.00 ⩽ x ⩽ 0.20) thin films are successfully deposited on glass substrates by using a spray pyrolysis method. Rietveld analysis of x-ray diffraction patterns confirms that the films are crystallized in a distorted rhombohedral perovskite structure with an R3c space group. No substantial changes in the structure are observed in the samples within the studied doping concentration. The energy dispersive spectroscopy pattern and morphology of the thin films are examined with field emission scanning electron microscopy. Raman modes confirmed slight structural distortions with the increase in Ba concentration. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy of the thin films shows the effect of Ba2+ in the formation of Fe2+ defects and oxygen vacancies. The room temperature magnetic characterizations of the thin films are measured by using a vibrating sample magnetometer within a range of 10 kOe magnetic field. The values of saturation magnetization and the remnant magnetization are increased with an increase in Ba concentration as compared to the pure bismuth ferrite thin film. The optimum value of field-dependent saturation magnetization (2.4069 emu gm−1) and field-dependent remnant magnetization (0.6279 emu gm−1) are observed for Ba substituted bismuth ferrite samples with x = 0.10.
An Improved Mutual Inductance Electromagnetic Model for Inductive Power Transfer Systems Under Misalignment Conditions

One of the most challenging components of an inductive power transfer system to be designed is the coil set (transmitter and receiver coils). Due to the great number of variables, finite element software is frequently used in the simulation of the electromagnetic quantities of coil sets. These simulations take a long time to produce results. To shorten the time it takes to design a coil set, different electromagnetic models have been published. However, the published models are still dependant on extensive equations that require several numerical loops to be solved, or are not completely validated. In this paper, a new compact electromagnetic model is proposed. The proposed model uses quadrupole superposition to predict the magnetic field, induced voltage, and inductances of a coil set through a cubic polynomial function, whose coefficients are based on the parameters of the coil set. With the proposed model, it is possible to compute the mutual inductance of multiple coil sets for different horizontal misalignment conditions, after simulating (or measuring) the open-circuit voltage of only one coil set at zero misalignment. Thus, the proposed model helps greatly for coil topology analysis and design. The proposed model is validated through seven different experimental set ups featuring different coil sets, including receivers and transmitters formed by multiple quadrupoles, a transmitter formed by one main quadrupole and a resonant booster, and coil sets working at 5 kHz and 85 kHz. The experimental results show an excellent agreement with the proposed model.
Plant functional types – a strategic perspective

This paper discusses the use of Plant Functional Types to describe vegetation types - from plant communities to formations - in order to understand the ecological con- straints of plants and plant communities on a higher level of abstraction. The terminology around plant functional types, traits and strategies is in need of further clarification and unification. The use of the term plant functional type is recom- mended. We are in need of a total environmental framework in which, hierarchically or reticulately, plant functional types can be compared and interpreted.
Pathological roles of c-Met in bladder cancer: Association with cyclooxygenase-2, heme oxygenase-1, vascular endothelial growth factor-A and programmed death ligand 1

c-Met is a receptor tyrosine kinase that binds a specific ligand, namely hepatocyte growth factor (HGF). The HGF/c-Met system is important for malignant aggressiveness in various types of cancer, including bladder cancer (BC). However, although phosphorylation is the essential step required for biological activation of c-Met, pathological roles of phosphorylated c-Met at the clinical and molecular levels in patients with BC are not fully understood. In the present study, the expression levels of c-Met and the phosphorylation of two of its tyrosine residues (pY1234/pY1235 and pY1349) were immunohistochemically examined in 185 BC tissues. The associations between these expression levels and cancer cell invasion, metastasis, and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), VEGF-A and programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) levels were investigated. c-Met was associated with muscle invasion (P=0.021), as well as the expression levels of HO-1 (P=0.028) and PD-L1 (P<0.001), whereas pY1349 c-Met was associated with muscle invasion (P=0.003), metastasis (P=0.025), and COX-2 (P=0.017), HO-1 (P=0.031) and PD-L1 (P=0.001) expression. By contrast, pY1234/1235 c-Met was associated with muscle invasion and metastasis (P=0.006 and P=0.012, respectively), but not with the panel of cancer-associated molecules. Furthermore, COX-2 and PD-L1 expression were associated with muscle invasion and metastasis, respectively (P=0.045 and P=0.036, respectively). Hence, c-Met serves important roles in muscle invasion by regulating HO-1 and PD-L1, whereas its phosphorylation at Y1349 is associated with muscle invasion and metastasis via the regulation of COX-2, HO-1 and PD-L1 in patients with BC. Furthermore, phosphorylation at Y1234/1235 may lead to muscle invasion and metastasis via alternate mechanisms associated with c-Met and pY1349 c-Met.
Endogenous Circadian Rhythm is a Crucial Tool for Survival of the Sand-desert Tenebrionid Beetle Trigonoscelis gigas Reitter

The beetle T. gigas is interesting as a successful survivor among competing species in a hostile, arid, environment (the sand-desert), and as a promising biological model system in laboratory experiments. Behaviour and motor activity rhythms of T. gigas were studied in the field, using autonomous monitors. In order to avoid extreme temperatures, this beetle developed a peculiar behavioural strategy: narrow time windows for activity (in the morning and in the evening). The rest of the time it spends deep in the sand, at constant comfortable temperature and in continuous darkness, in temporal isolation. We demonstrated that there are no available Zeitgebers for the beetle during its rest interval. Hence, a reliable circadian clock is the only way for T. gigas to implement the proper timing of its activity. It means, that the circadian timing system of this beetle is not just a source of relative advantage, but is a crucial prerequisite of survival.
Intellectual Capital Disclosure: Some Evidence from Healthy and Distressed Banks in Italy

The article investigates the intellectual capital disclosure of Italian banks over the years 2016–2017, applying the specific lens of healthy and distressed banks. To this end, we used content analysis and encoding techniques. The main results point out that intellectual capital (IC) disclosure is generally poor and that the intensity of disclosure varies slightly between healthy and distressed banks. Regarding the quality of disclosure, healthy banks present a higher, albeit modest, tendency to disclose non-qualitative and forward-looking information, maybe due to the fact that they are more focused on the strategies and the relationships with stakeholders as opposed to a more short-term approach of the distressed banks. To complement our study on healthy and distressed banks, we repeated the analysis focusing on bank size and independent directors. In this case, results do not show relevant differences in terms of IC disclosure. Hence, our findings suggest the need to consider banks’ IC disclosure as a strategic asset for increasing, among others, transparency and reputation.
Response to Comment on "Transitions to Asexuality Result in Excess Amino Acid Substitutions"

Asexual populations experience a reduction in the efficiency of selection when compared with sexual populations. Because asexual lineages of Daphnia pulex exhibit no consistent change in mitochondrial base-composition bias, Butlin suggests that this bias is not maintained by selection. On the basis of frequencies of polymorphic directional base changes, we suggest that it predominantly reflects mutation bias.
A revision of the genus Halectinosoma (Harpacticoida: Ectinosomatidae): a reappraisal of H. sarsi (Boeck) and related species

Ectinosomatid material was examined from extensive collections around the British Isles and from several additional world localities and museum collections, permitting a revision of the genusHalectinosoma. This paper describes 12 morphologically similar species and erects five new species.H. sarsi(Boeck) is regarded asspecies incertae sedis, whileH. sarsi sensuSars (1904) is redescribed asH. pseudosarsisp. nov.;H. sarsi sensuT. & A. Scott (1894) is synonymized withH. canaliculatum(Por). H. propinquumis regarded as a junior subjective synonym ofH. chrystalli(T. Scott). H. clavatum(Sars) is resurrected, having previously been regarded as a synonym ofH. brunneum(Brady). A key for the identification of females belonging to this group of species is provided.