Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Chapter 3 FEM on nonlinear free-surface flow

Recently there has been a growing need for the treatment of the nonlinear waterwave problems. In treating the nonlinearity, there are basically two different approaches: One is based on the long-wave approximations or a shallow-water theory that gives an approximate formulation including the effect of the nonlinearity. The other is to treat the Laplace equation defined in the fluid domain with the exact nonlinear free-surface boundary conditions and the exact body-boundary condition if a body is present. The former is to treat a simplified nonlinear formulation defined only in a horizontal free-surface plane, which is one dimension less than the original fluid domain. The free-surface flow problems have been of interest to many naval architects and ocean and coastal engineers for a long time. The generation and evolution of the water waves and their interaction with the man-made structures are the main concerns in the problem. The theoretical investigations on the topics have been usually made in the scope of the potential theory by assuming the fluid is inviscid and incompressible. The most distinctive feature of this problem is the
Pengaruh Komunikasi dan Pendelegasian Wewenang Terhadap Kinerja Pegawai Pada Kantor Kesatuan Bangsa dan Politik Kota Sibolga

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui Pengaruh Komunikasi dan Pendelegasian Wewenang Terhadap Kinerja Pegawai pada Kantor Kesatuan Bangsa dan Politik Kota Sibolga. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode penelitian kuantitatif dengan pendekatan deskriptif. Sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah pegawai yang ada pada Kantor Kesatuan Bangsa dan Politik Kota Sibolga dengan penyebaran kuesioner berjumlah 32 responden. Hasil penelitian Berdasarkan analisis nilai koefisien determinasi sebesar 0,776, hal ini berarti bahwa yang terjadi pada variasi variabel terikat kinerja pagawai (Variabel Y) 77,6 % ditentukan oleh variabel bebas Komunikasi (Variabel X1) dan Pendelegasian Wewenang (Variabel X2) secara serempak dan sisanya sebesar 22,4 % ditentukan oleh faktor lain yang tidak dibahas dalam penelitian ini. Dari hasil uji t pada penelitian diketahui bahwa nilai t hitung Komunikasi sebesar 3,240, lebih besar dari t tabel sebesar 2,045 (3,240 > 0,2,045), maka variabel Komunikasi (X1) berpengaruh terhadap Kinerja pegawai (Y) pada Kantor Kesatuan Bangsa dan Politik Kota Sibolga, berarti Ho ditolak, Ha diterima dan Pendelegasian Wewenang sebesar 6,045 > t tabel 2.045, maka variabel Pendelegasian Wewenang (X2) berpengaruh terhadap Kinerja pegawai pada Kantor Kesatuan Bangsa dan Politik Kota Sibolga berarti Ho ditolak, Ha diterima. Sedangkan dari hasil uji F diketahui Nilai F hitung 50,300 > F tabel 3.33 dan nilai signifikasi 0.000 < 0,05. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian tersebut, maka dapat sisimpulkan bahwasanya adanya pengaruh komunikasi dan pendelegasian wewenang terhadap kinerja pegawai pada kantor kesatuan bangsa dan politik kota sibolga dapat diterima. Kata kunci: Kinerja Pegawai, Komunikasi, dan Pendelegasian wewenang.
Optimal and Efficient Auctions for the Gradual Procurement of Strategic Service Provider Agents

We consider an outsourcing problem where a software agent procures multiple services from providers with uncertain reliabilities to complete a computational task before a strict deadline. The service consumer’s goal is to design an outsourcing strategy (defining which services to procure and when) so as to maximize a specific objective function. This objective function can be different based on the consumer’s nature; a socially-focused consumer often aims to maximize social welfare, while a self-interested consumer often aims to maximize its own utility. However, in both cases, the objective function depends on the providers’ execution costs, which are privately held by the self-interested providers and hence may be misreported to influence the consumer’s decisions. For such settings, we develop a unified approach to design truthful procurement auctions that can be used by both socially-focused and, separately, self-interested consumers. This approach benefits from our proposed weighted threshold payment scheme which pays the provably minimum amount to make an auction with a monotone outsourcing strategy incentive compatible. This payment scheme can handle contingent outsourcing plans, where additional procurement happens gradually over time and only if the success probability of the already hired providers drops below a time-dependent threshold. Using a weighted threshold payment scheme, we design two procurement auctions that maximize, as well as two low-complexity heuristic-based auctions that approximately maximize, the consumer’s expected utility and expected social welfare, respectively. We demonstrate the effectiveness and strength of our proposed auctions through both game-theoretical and empirical analysis.
On the interaction of compliant coatings with boundary-layer flows

The interactions of compliant coatings with laminar, transitional and turbulent boundary layers are investigated. A 2 m long flat plate is towed in the range of speeds of 20–140 cm/s in an 18 m water channel using a carriage riding on an oil film. Isotropic and anistropic compliant coatings are used to cover about 20% of the working Plexiglas surface. The compliant material used is a viscoelastic plastisol gel produced by heating a mixture of polyvinyl chloride resin, a plasticizer and a stabilizer, and allowing them to gel. The shear modulus of rigidity of the plastisol was varied by changing the percentage of PVC in the mix. Anisotropy is introduced by placing the plastisol on a rubber surface having longitudinal grooves scaled with the low-speed streaks in the turbulent boundary layer. The most pronounced effect of the surface compliance in a turbulent boundary layer is a hydroelastic instability in the form of a spanwise wave structure on the compliant surface. The compliant-surface deformation was measured using a novel remote optical technique. The onset speed of the hydroelastic instability waves depends on the thickness and the modulus of rigidity of the plastisol. Their wavelength, wave speed and amplitude are found to depend on these plastisol parameters as well as on the towing speed. In a laminar boundary layer with freestream speeds of over twice the corresponding onset velocity for the turbulent case, no similar instability is observed.
Impact of Scene Dependence on AVHRR Albedo Models

Abstract Narrowband observations from NOAA's Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) are used operationally by NOAA to estimate the earth's broadband planetary albedo. Since May of 1988; these broadband albedo estimates have been derived using the two-channel (visible and near-infrared), scene-independent regression model of Wydick et al. The occurrence of relatively large regional bias errors using this model has led to a study of scene-dependent models that substantially reduce these errors. Three classes of scene stratification are considered: 1) by surface geography type alone (SFC); and 2) and 3) by surface geography type in combination with cloud amount category (SCN) and normalized difference albedo index (NDAI) using AVHRR channels 1 and 2. These and the Wydick model are applied to independent AVHRR global data of 2 July 1985 (hereafter July) and 9 January 1986 (hereafter January). Using ERBE (Earth Radiation Budget Experiment) data as a reference, errors in reflected flux are computed fo.
Spatial interpolation of experimental raindrop size distribution spectra

We present a new approach for spatial interpolation of experimental raindrop size distribution (DSD) spectra. The DSD is fundamental to the study and understanding of precipitation and its monitoring and modelling. It is measured insitu using disdrometers at point locations. Disdrometers provide a (non‐parametric) DSD spectrum in which drop concentrations are provided per class of drop diameter. Our approach uses geostatistics to estimate the same non‐parametric DSD at unmeasured locations. Non‐stationarity due to intermittency is taken into account through estimation of the dry drift of drop concentrations, using a rain occurrence field. Principal component analysis is used to express the DSD spectra in terms of uncorrelated components that can be interpolated independently at a requested point. These interpolated components can then be recombined into the full DSD. Estimation uncertainty for the interpolated DSD spectra is provided. Because all bulk rainfall variables can be calculated from the DSD and the entire DSD is estimated, the technique effectively interpolates all bulk variables at once. Leave‐one‐out testing shows that the technique estimates the DSD with minimal bias, and it is shown that the technique can be easily adapted to perform stochastic simulation of the non‐parametric DSD.
The Marine Layer off Northern California: An Example of Supercritical Channel Flow

Abstract During the spring and summer, northerly winds driven by the North Pacific high pressure system are prevalent over the Northern California continental shelf, only interrupted for periods of a few days, when weak or southerly winds occur. In the course of the Coastal Ocean Dynamics Experiment (CODE), fixed station and observations were made to describe the temporal and spatial structure of the lower atmosphere, and their relation to the strong upwelling of coastal waters in a region extending up to 40 km offshore and 100 km along the coast. These observations suggest that atmospheric conditions during the spring and summer usually fall into one of three categories: the surface wind can be everywhere weak (Pattern 1), it can blow at large speeds in a uniform pattern (Pattern 2), or finally the structure of the northerly surface wind can be complex, with large changes in the wind speed and corresponding changes in the surface pressure over short spatial scales (Pattern 3), The latter pattern, which o.
Reproductive biology of mangrove clams Geloina expansa (Mousson, 1849) from mangrove at Kendari Bay, Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia

ABSTRACT Mangrove clams are found in the soft substrates of the mangrove forest, where they reproductively adjust to the conditions in the aquatic environment. This study aimed to determine the reproductive biology pattern, such as sex ratio, gonad maturity level, gonadosomatic index, fecundity and size of the first maturity of mangrove clams. The samples included 80 ind. /month collected manually from the mangrove ecosystem for one year. The reproductive biology patterns were calculated using standard formulas, each analysed using the χ2 test, semi-quantitative descriptive evaluation and non-linear regression. The results showed that more males than females were collected, accounting for 80.0–96.5% and 3.4–20.0%, respectively. Furthermore, both sexes’ gonad maturity developments coincided. The mangrove clam’s mature gonads are discoverable all year by observing the gonadosomatic index IV and spawning monthly occurrence. Their maturity peaked (levels III and IV) in February–April, indicated by a high index value ranging from 3.9–18.2 and 4.3–21.9 for the male and female mangrove shells, respectively. The male clams also had smaller sizes at maturity than females at 3.0 and 5.2 cm lengths, respectively. The food (organic sediment) availability was an essential environmental parameter in developing gonadal maturity.
A rapid ABO and RhD test demonstrates high fidelity to blood bank testing for RhD typing

The rapid provision of blood products is life‐saving for patients with massive hemorrhage. Ideally, RhD‐negative blood products would be supplied to a woman of childbearing potential whose Rh type is unknown due to the risk of D‐alloimmunization and the potential for hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn to occur if RhD‐positive blood products are transfused. Therefore, there is a need for a test that rapidly determines her RhD type. This study compared the RhD type determined using a rapid ABO and RhD test to the RhD type determined by an immunohematology reference laboratory.
Algorithm for Inference with Sign and Zero Restrictions Very Preliminary: Please do not cite or distribute

We extend the methodology for inference in SVARs identified with sign restrictions developed by Rubio-Ramirez et al. (2010) to also allow for zero restrictions. Then we use this methodology to answer the following questions: Are optimism shocks an important source of business cycle fluctuations? Are deficit-financed tax cuts better than deficit-spending to increase output? These two questions have been previously studied in the literature and the answers have been quite definite. Unfortunately, we show that these sharp conclusions are due to shortcomings in the current methods used for inference since none of the existing methods correctly draws from the posterior distribution of structural parameters conditional on the sign and zero restrictions holding. Our methodology properly draws from this posterior distribution. Once draws are correctly done, it is very hard to support that either optimism shocks are an important source of business cycle fluctuations or deficit-financed tax cuts work best at improving output as the literature has previously claimed. Our method is not only correct but also faster than current ones. ∗Corresponding author: Juan F. Rubio-Ramirez , Economics Department, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708; 1-919-660-1865. We thank Paul Beaudry, Deokwoo Nam, Andrew Mountford, and Jian Wang for sharing supplementary material with us, and for helpful comments. We also thank the support and help of Gratula Bedatula. Without her this paper would have been impossible.
Beyond Motivations: A Qualitative Pilot Exploration of Women's Experiences Prior to Labiaplasty

Abstract Background The demand for labiaplasty has increased rapidly over the last 10 to 15 years. Women's reasons for pursuing the procedure have been thoroughly documented in the literature, but other preoperative aspects are less well defined. These include women's expected outcomes, concerns about having the surgery, and the impacts of support from others in their personal lives as well as their treating team. Objectives The aim of this study was to explore women's preoperative labiaplasty experiences, particularly expectations, concerns, and interpersonal support. Methods Semistructured interviews were completed with 15 adult women in the United States and Australia who had undergone a labia minora reduction. The women were asked about their motivations for having a labiaplasty, expected outcomes, concerns regarding surgery, and support received from family members, friends, and the treating surgeon. The interviews were audio recorded, transcribed verbatim, and analyzed thematically. Results Two overarching themes with accompanying subthemes emerged from the analyses: (1) “motivations/influences” which included appearance concerns, physical discomfort, negative impacts on self-confidence, and negative experiences with partners and/or peers; and (2) “perceptions approaching labiaplasty procedure” where women reported concerns about recovery duration and impacts on sexual sensation as well as expectations for their postoperative vulvar appearance to be “neat,” “tidy,” and “natural. ” In addition, the women stated that they felt well supported by their surgeons prior to the procedure, but some felt too embarrassed to seek support from family members and friends. Conclusions These new insights into women's preoperative experiences may assist clinical teams in enhancing their support and education of women seeking labiaplasty. Level of Evidence: 4
Estimating Abundance from Presence–Absence Maps via a Paired Negative‐Binomial Model

The estimation of abundance from presence–absence data is an intriguing problem in applied statistics. The classical Poisson model makes strong independence and homogeneity assumptions and in practice generally underestimates the true abundance. A controversial ad hoc method based on negative‐binomial counts (Am. Nat.) has been empirically successful but lacks theoretical justification. We first present an alternative estimator of abundance based on a paired negative binomial model that is consistent and asymptotically normally distributed. A quadruple negative binomial extension is also developed, which yields the previous ad hoc approach and resolves the controversy in the literature. We examine the performance of the estimators in a simulation study and estimate the abundance of 44 tree species in a permanent forest plot.
Another Family of Fibonacci-like Sequences

We consider the family of difference equations $H_n = H_{n-1} + H_{n-2} + \sum_{j=0}^k \gamma n^{(j)}$ with $H_0 = H_1 = 1$, $n^{(j)} = n(n-1)(n-2)\cdots(n-j+1)$ for $j\geq1$ and $n^{(0)} = 1$. We express $H_n$ in terms of the Fibonacci numbers and in the parameters $\gamma_1$, . , $\gamma_k$.
Secretome mediated interactions between sensory neurons and breast cancer cells

The role of the nervous system in aiding cancer progression and metastasis is an important aspect of cancer pathogenesis. Interaction between cancer cells and neurons in an in vitro platform is a simple and robust method to further understand this phenomenon. In our study, we aimed to examine in vitro reciprocal effect between breast cancer cells and cancer‐sensitized peripheral primary sensory neurons. Secretome obtained from either cultured DRG neurons from tumor‐burdened rats, or MRMT1 breast cancer cells were used to study neuronal and cancer cell reciprocity. We utilized neurite analysis, modified cell migration assay and cell signaling pathway inhibitors to determine neurite growth patterns and cell migration in PC12/DRG neurons and MRMT1 cells, respectively. MRMT1 secretome was found to induce significant neurite outgrowth in PC12 and primary sensory neurons. Secretome‐induced neurite growth in PC12 cells was partly mediated by PI3K and ERK pathways, but not by adenylyl cyclase. Conversely, secretome from tumor‐sensitized sensory neuron cultures induced increased rate of migration in cultured MRMT1 cells. Results from our study provide additional support to the hypothesis that both breast cancer cells and nerve terminals secrete signaling messengers that have a reciprocal effect on each other.
Sequence similarity governs generalizability of de novo deep learning models for RNA secondary structure prediction

Making no use of physical laws or co-evolutionary information, de novo deep learning (DL) models for RNA secondary structure prediction have achieved far superior performances than traditional algorithms. However, their statistical underpinning raises the crucial question of generalizability. We present a quantitative study of the performance and generalizability of a series of de novo DL models, with a minimal two-module architecture and no post-processing, under varied similarities between seen and unseen sequences. Our models demonstrate excellent expressive capacities and outperform existing methods on common benchmark datasets. However, model generalizability, i.e., the performance gap between the seen and unseen sets, degrades rapidly as the sequence similarity decreases. The same trends are observed from several recent DL and machine learning models. And an inverse correlation between performance and generalizability is revealed collectively across all learning-based models with wide-ranging architectures and sizes. We further quantitate how generalizability depends on sequence and structure identity scores via pairwise alignment, providing unique quantitative insights into the limitations of statistical learning. Generalizability thus poses a major hurdle for deploying de novo DL models in practice and various pathways for future advances are discussed.
Cognition, body, and mind: A three‐in‐one coordinate‐based fMRI meta‐analysis on cognitive, physical, and meditative trainings

While mounting evidence shows promising effects of brain training on cognitive functioning in healthy and pathological conditions, the spread of variable training approaches highlights the need to compare their efficacy and identify their neural correlates, representing possible targets for neuromodulation treatments. We performed coordinate‐based functional magnetic resonance imaging meta‐analyses to compare the neural correlates and the cognitive outcomes of cognitive (n = 22), physical (n = 22), and meditative (n = 20) training in healthy non‐expert individuals. Pre/post‐training cognitive metrics improved after cognitive and physical training, but their heterogeneity, or even the lack of these measurements in some studies, highlights the need of more structured protocols. Cognitive, physical, and meditative interventions increased brain activity in distinct fronto‐medial areas likely mediating training effects on cognitive, action, and attentional control, respectively. The modular, training‐specific, engagement of a region that is known to mediate feedback‐based learning provides cues for boosting brain training via combined interventions that might jointly outperform their individual effects.
Inequalities and Effect of Non-Biological Factors on Perinatal Mortality in Uttar Pradesh

Approximately 6 million neonatal deaths occur globally, with approximately 99 percent of them occurring in developing countries. This study is an attempt to examine the prevalence and influence of non-biological factors on perinatal mortality in India. National Family Health Survey (2015-2016) data and bivariate and multivariate techniques have been used to fulfill the aforesaid objectives. Findings suggest that approximately 47 perinatal deaths occurred per 1,000 pregnancies lasting seven or more months during the last five years preceding the survey in Uttar Pradesh. Parental education, wealth status, variables related to pregnancy and delivery, mother's demographic factors, mother's height, and child characteristics have shown significant impact on perinatal mortality. For a policy point of view, more emphasis is needed on quality of care of National Health Mission (NHM) strategy at times of greater risk—that is, birth and the first few days of life—which could be the way forward for reducing high perinatal deaths.
Subclinical minute FLT3‐ITD clone can be detected in clinically FLT3‐ITD‐negative acute myeloid leukaemia at diagnosis

Recent advances in next‐generation sequencing (NGS) have enabled the detection of subclinical minute FLT3‐ITD. We selected 74 newly diagnosed, cytogenetically normal acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) samples in which FLT3‐ITD was not detected by gel electrophoresis. We sequenced them using NGS and found minute FLT3‐ITDs in 19 cases. We compared cases with clinically relevant FLT3‐ITD (n = 37), cases with minute FLT3‐ITD (n = 19) and cases without detectable FLT3‐ITD (n = 55). Molecular characteristics (location and length) of minute FLT3‐ITD were similar to those of clinically relevant FLT3‐ITD. Survival of cases with minute FLT3‐ITD was similar to that of cases without detectable FLT3‐ITD, whereas the relapse rate within 1 year after onset was significantly higher in cases with minute FLT3‐ITD. We followed 18 relapsed samples of cases with clinically FLT3‐ITD‐negative at diagnosis. Two of 3 cases with minute FLT3‐ITD relapsed with progression to clinically relevant FLT3‐ITD. Two of 15 cases in which FLT3‐ITD was not detected by NGS relapsed with the emergence of minute FLT3‐ITD, and one of them showed progression to clinically relevant FLT3‐ITD at the second relapse. We revealed the clonal dynamics of subclinical minute FLT3‐ITD in clinically FLT3‐ITD‐negative AML. Minute FLT3‐ITD at the initial AML can expand to become a dominant clone at relapse.