Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
School-level Barriers of Antiretroviral Therapy Adherence and Interventions to Overcome them Among Adolescents Living with HIV in Western Kenya: A Qualitative Study

Adolescents in Kenya spend the majority of their time in a school environment. However, research to understand Antiretroviral Therapy (ART) adherence among adolescents living with HIV (ALWHIV) in school settings is sparse. To improve the design of appropriate interventions to better support this vulnerable population, the study aimed to explore school-related barriers to ART adherence experienced by ALWHIV. Qualitative data were utilized from a larger mixed-methods study on ALWHIV conducted at a major teaching and referral hospital in Kisumu, Kenya. Participants encompassed ALWHIV, their caregivers, teachers, and health care providers. Transcripts from a total of 24 in-depth interviews and five focus group discussions were analyzed in NVivo using a thematic approach. Four themes emerged as key barriers in a school setting: negative experiences following HIV status self-disclosure, a strong desire for secrecy, restrictive school policies, and health education focused on sexual transmission of HIV. Participants suggested a range of potential interventions to better support ART adherence for ALWHIV, including coaching ALWHIV on disclosure strategies, promoting empathy among teachers and students, transition-preparing for ALWHIV, changing the narrative about HIV transmission in schools, providing water in schools, and introducing adherence support programs in schools, including the use of mobile technology. ALWHIV in Kenya experience numerous important challenges while trying to maintain optimal ART adherence in the school environment. Interventions that create supportive school settings are critical for better health outcomes among ALWHIV.
Thyroid cancer in children: A multicenter international study highlighting clinical features and surgical outcomes of primary and secondary tumors

Background: Thyroid gland malignancies are rare in pediatric patients (0.7% of tumors); only 1.8% are observed in patients aged <20 years, with a higher prevalence recorded in women and adolescents. Risk factors include genetic syndromes, MEN disorders, autoimmune diseases, and exposure to ionizing radiation. Radiotherapy is also associated with an increased risk of secondary thyroid cancer. This study describes the clinical features and surgical outcomes of primary and secondary thyroid tumors in pediatric patients. Methods Institutional data were collected from eight international surgical oncology centers for pediatric patients with thyroid cancer between 2000 and 2020. Statistical analyses were performed using the GraphPad Prism software. Results Among 255 total cases of thyroid cancer, only 13 (5.1%) were secondary tumors. Primary thyroid malignancies were more likely to be multifocal in origin (odds ratio [OR] 1.993, 95% confidence interval [CI].7466–5.132, p = 0.2323), have bilateral glandular location (OR 2.847, 95% CI.6835–12.68, p = 0.2648), and be metastatic at first diagnosis (OR 1.259, 95% CI.3267–5.696, p > 0.999). Secondary tumors showed a higher incidence of disease relapse (OR 1.556, 95% CI.4579-5.57, p = 0.4525) and surgical complications (OR 2.042, 95% CI 0.7917–5.221, p = 0.1614), including hypoparathyroidism and recurrent laryngeal nerve injury. The overall survival (OS) was 99% at 1 year and 97% after 10 years. No EFS differences were evident between the primary and secondary tumors (chi-square 0.7307, p = 0.39026). Conclusions This multicenter study demonstrated excellent survival in pediatric thyroid malignancies. Secondary tumors exhibited greater disease relapse (15.8 vs. 10.5%) and a higher incidence of surgical complications (36.8 vs. 22.2%).
Mesenchymal Stem Cells and/or l-2-oxothiazolidine-4–Carboxylate Improve Hyperlipidemia and Lung Cell Proliferation in Chlorpyrifos-Treated Rats

This study aimed to examine the impact of l-2-oxothiazolidine-4-carboxylate (OTC) or/and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) on CPF-induced lung toxicity in rats. Male albino rats were divided into six groups. Control: received distilled water; OTC: received OTC (100 mg/kg b.wt./day, oral for one month); CPF (toxicity group) received CPF (17.5 mg/kg b.wt/day, oral for one month; CPF+OTC, CPF group treated with OTC; CPF+MSCs, CPF group treated with MSCs (a single intravenous injection of 2×106cell in PBS and left for one month) and CPF+OTC+MSCs, CPF group co-treated with OTC and MSCs. Results showed significant improvement in body weights, relative lung weights, total protein and albumin, lipid profile, and arterial blood gases (pO2 and (pCO2) levels in rats treated with either OTC alone or with MSCs. OTC or/and MSCs exhibited remarkable anti-inflammatory activities evident by increased interleukin-10 (IL-10) and decreased C-reactive protein (CRP), in lung tissues. Notably, OTC or/and MSCs administration exerted restorative effects on the pulmonary parenchyma structure and associated functional impairments. BM-MSCs and OTC combination has the ability to suppress the CPF-induced lung toxicity and could prove to be a novel approach to therapy for acute and chronic lung injury in rats.
Effect of boric acid on sodium fluoride toxicity in chicks

Article history: Received February 05, 2021 Accepted March 21, 2021 Available online November 20, 2021 The aim of this study to explore the therapeutic effect of boric acid on the neurobehavioral (motor activity) level, and histopathologic changes in the brain, liver and kidneys against fluorosis. In this study rose chicks have been used and determined medium lethal sodium fluoride dose at 346.5 mg/kg orally. The chicks divided into four random groups each one consists of 10 chicks. The first group considered to be a control group, the second received 20 mg/kg of sodium fluoride, the third group received 10 mg/kg of boric acid and the fourth received 20 mg/kg of sodium fluoride and boric acid at the same previous dosages. After two weeks of daily treatment, neurobehavioral measures were taken, the use of boric acid has a major effect to improve the neurobehavioral measurement and develop complications of ALT, AST, creatinine, Ca, MDA. The results indicate that boric acid may be a therapeutic agent against the fluoride toxicity of the brain, liver and kidney. This result support by histopathological changes which represented by inflammation, congestion of portal vein and dilation of sinusoids in the liver and vacuolation, vasogenic edema and gliosis in the brain and Kidney of showed segmentation of glomeruli, dilation of Bowman’s space, necrosis of epithelial cells renal tubules and hemorrhage of NaF group, while the liver of the NaF with boric acid group showed an improvement the results of histopathological examination of the liver, brain and kidneys compared to the NaF group alone. The results revealed that boric acid has a preventing effects against fluoride after two weeks of treatment with boric acid.
An extended literature review on in-service EFL teachers’ self-efficacy beliefs

: Self-eﬃcacy (SE) plays an important function for a teacher in boosting teacher-student engagement which may lead to positive outcomes. To investigate the diﬀerent SE-related concerns among teachers, meta-analysis studies, systemic reviews, and many other sorts of studies in the ﬁeld of education have been undertaken. In this study, an extended literature review was conducted to particularly investigate the issue of in-service EFL teachers' self-eﬃcacy beliefs. To this end, using terms such as "self-eﬃcacy in general teachers," "self-eﬃcacy in EFL teachers," and "self-eﬃcacy in language teachers," the researcher searched several important databases and found 31 relevant academic journal articles published over the past six years (2015–2021). ese papers were derived from the following databases: Elsevier, Taylor & Francis Online, Wiley Online Library, Google Scholar, the JSTOR digital library, Education Source, ERIC (EBSCO), Sage Journal, Cambridge Core, Research Gate, and Research Online. is literature review reveals that research in this ﬁeld is required to demonstrate how elements in the surroundings of teachers might predict changes in and build teacher self-eﬃcacy beliefs. Additionally, this study is believed to have signiﬁcant implications in understanding the need for research on self-eﬃcacy via a complex dynamic system theory (CDST) perspective as well as an enhancement in the future of teachers’ self-eﬃcacy beliefs.
The Relevance of Green Building Practice in Emerging Markets: A Perceptual Analysis of Commercial and Industrial Building Users in Ibadan, Nigeria

In this study, we examine the operational challenges of existing green building related features /systems to develop hypotheses about factors that will increase the demand for green buildings. We test these hypotheses by examining the potential green building advantages that will influence users' adoption of green practices and their willingness to pay. The sample included 75 commercial and industrial property users in Ibadan, Nigeria. The findings show that respondents face significant operational challenges with existing building features/ systems, especially energy and water. Potential advantages relevant to business processes (reduced resource utilization, quality of work life, and ability to sell to pro-environmental customers) have a greater impact on green building demand relative to other advantages. Most respondents were willing to pay between a 1% and a 10% premium for upgrading to green building. Overall, public enlightenment, awareness, and better enabling green building practice can be improv.
A comparative study of physicochemical properties, antioxidant and enzyme inhibition activities of oils extracted from seeds of seven new sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) lines

: This study was aimed to evaluate the physicochemical properties and chemical profile of seeds oil obtained from new seven sunflower ( Helianthus annuus L.) lines as well as their antioxidant and enzyme inhibition activity. The seeds powder was extracted by maceration in n-hexane. The oil content of the seven lines was ranged from 20.04% to 36.65% and was either yellow or pale yellow in color. No significant variations were observed on the refractive index (1.46 unit) of the oil. Oils of the seven lines were significantly ( p ˂ 0.05) different in their saponification values (32.13–282.66 mg KOH/g oil), peroxide values (1.76–13.26 mg KOH/g-oil), acid values (0.016–1.766 mg KOH/g oil) and free fatty acids content (6.26–72.23 mg KOH/g-oil). The chemical profile of the oil revealed that line APO42 contained the highest amount of monounsaturated fatty acids (55.9%). All the seven lines contained a considerable amount of linoleic acid (27.5%– 42.5%), and it represented the major compound in lines BOH3 (42.5%) and H1733 (39.8%). The variation was remarkable in their oleic acid content where the highest amount was observed in lines APO42 (55.4%) and APO43 (42.2%), respectively. Lines BOH3, APO43, APO41, and H1733 exerted the best total antioxidant activity in addition to their capacity to reduce Cu 2+ and Fe 3+ , while lines H1733 and APO43 had a metal chelating activity as well. All oils showed weak acetylcholinesterase, butyrylcholinesterase, α-glucosidase and α-amylase inhibitory activities. Only four lines showed considerable enzyme inhibitory activity against tyrosinase enzymes. Multivariance analysis suggested that linoleic acid participated in the observed biological activity of the oils. In conclusion, these new lines might contribute to the nutritional and phytotherapeutic properties of sunflower oil in addition to other industrial applications.
A Numerical Investigation on High-Reynolds-Number Gravity Currents in Pressurized and Free-Surface Systems using Shallow Water Equation and Integral Model Approaches

Multiphase flows in the form of gravity currents are prevalent in various natural systems, as well as in some open channels and closed conduits. These types of flow generally propagate in a horizontal direction playing an important role in contaminant transport, thunderstorms and pressure surge fluctuation in closed conduits. Thus, accurate flow simulation and efficient modeling tools are important in such applications. Laboratory experiments and numerical models are utilized in this work to study different types of gravity currents focusing on the lock-exchange problem. Both Boussinesq and non-Boussinesq flows are analyzed in the context of high-Reynolds number gravity currents. The numerical modeling efforts focus on solving the shallow water equations for Boussinesq gravity currents. In addition, an integral model is proposed for non-Boussinesq flows in closed conduits, and a Reynold-averaged Navier-Stokes model was developed in OpenFOAM for selected flow cases to compare model accuracy and computational efficiency. Experiments were conducted alongside numerical model simulations for numerical validation and to analyze internal velocities that were measured with MicroADV devices. In previous research investigations, gravity current experiments focused on front trajectory, average depth, mixing, etc. by adjusting initial conditions (e.g. initial gravity current depth, inlet velocity, density difference, etc.). For physical modeling of gravity currents, the lockexchange problem is often selected due to its simplicity, yet it has the ability to generate complex flow features characteristic of a broad range of gravity currents. Internal velocities had not been directly measured using MicroADVs for lock-exchange experiments, so numerical model calibration has focused on depth measurements and front velocities. Two MicroADV probes that measured velocities in both fluid layers are utilized in this work to
A Machine Learning Model for Predicting Unscheduled 72 h Return Visits to the Emergency Department by Patients with Abdominal Pain

Seventy-two-hour unscheduled return visits (URVs) by emergency department patients are a key clinical index for evaluating the quality of care in emergency departments (EDs). This study aimed to develop a machine learning model to predict 72 h URVs for ED patients with abdominal pain. Electronic health records data were collected from the Chang Gung Research Database (CGRD) for 25,151 ED visits by patients with abdominal pain and a total of 617 features were used for analysis. We used supervised machine learning models, namely logistic regression (LR), support vector machine (SVM), random forest (RF), extreme gradient boosting (XGB), and voting classifier (VC), to predict URVs. The VC model achieved more favorable overall performance than other models (AUROC: 0.74; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.69–0.76; sensitivity, 0.39; specificity, 0.89; F1 score, 0.25). The reduced VC model achieved comparable performance (AUROC: 0.72; 95% CI, 0.69–0.74) to the full models using all clinical features. The VC model exhibited the most favorable performance in predicting 72 h URVs for patients with abdominal pain, both for all-features and reduced-features models. Application of the VC model in the clinical setting after validation may help physicians to make accurate decisions and decrease URVs.
NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF AERODYNAMIC NOISE

This paper presents a survey of significant steps towards the development of a CFD/CAA hybrid methodology aiming at the numerical prediction of the aerodynamic selfnoise of complex 3D airfoils. This approach is based on the combination of several (up to three) numerical methods, each one simulating specific fluid mechanisms (unsteady aerodynamics or acoustics) in a particular domain, by solving the adequate set of equations and by using the most suited numerical procedure. The general strategy of this hybrid methodology is briefly summarized, and then it is illustrated by four applications to aeroacoustic simulations with growing complexity. The first two applications address the aerodynamic noise radiated by an isolated symmetrical airfoil, whereas the last two cases introduce a simulation of the slat noise radiated by a wing section with deployed high lift devices.
The Influence of Project Ambiguity and Help Seeking on Project Performance in Knowledge Process Outsourcing Project Teams

This research examines the relationship between different help seeking patterns and project performance in offshore teams working on outsourced knowledge intensive projects. We synthesize the literature on help seeking to compare the effectiveness of four commonly recognized patterns of help seeking: the direct-leader pattern, the direct-internal pattern, the direct-external pattern and the indirect-external pattern. We propose that project ambiguity, i.e., the degree to which a project cannot be fully specified upfront, moderates how these different patterns influence project performance. Empirical analysis of data from members of 45 design teams supports this argument, suggesting that ambiguous projects are facilitated by direct external help seeking beyond team boundaries, whereas low-ambiguity projects benefit from direct-leader help seeking.
Effectiveness of Islamic Monetary Policy Transmission on Inflation and Economic Performance

The most crucial part for the economic development of a country is maintaining the stability of inflation to create a positive climate for economic and business activities. A number of efforts can be performed to achieve stable inflation and increase economic growth by designing monetary policy incorporating the variables of Bank Indonesia Sharia Certificate (SBIS), Islamic Interbank Money Market (IIMM), and Financing. Drawing on this issue, the in-hand study aims to examine the effectiveness of Islamic monetary policy transmission, using the instruments of SBIS, IIMM, and Financing, on inflation and economic performance (GDP) from the period of January 2011 to December 2020. Using secondary data, this study employs VAR/VECM approach by the assistance of Eviews program. The results reveal that in the short term period, inflation is significantly influenced by the IIMM, while GDP t is affected by the GDP t-1 and financing activities. In the long term period, both inflation and GDP are determined by SBIS and financing activities. In general, this study results in a conclusion that the variables of IIMM, financing activities, and GDP t-1 influence the economic performance both in short and long term periods. These results contribute as fruitful insights to developing financial strategies and monetary policy to maintain stable inflation and improve economic performance of a country.
Selected properties of soils located within the depression cone of a planned excavation of the Drzewce open cast pit (central Poland)

Open-pit lignite mining requires drainage of the deposit. The depression cone, formed as a result of these activities, has a varied surface and depth, and these features are shaped primarily by the geological structure and by the thickness of the caprock layer. In some of the areas covered by the depression cone, soil productivity may deteriorate, and a related yield reduction may occur, providing the basis for the payment of applied compensations for the owners of such areas. The aim of the study was to assess the condition of selected soils in the vicinity of the planned excavation (Field B) of the Drzewce lignite open pit mine (central Poland). Six profi les were excavated in organic and mineral-organic soils. The locations of the test points were chosen to represent soils that meet the criteria of habitats prone to drainage degradation. The morphological structure of the studied soils and their analysed properties indicate that they have already been drained (probably due to the infl uence of climate and cultivation), but does not exclude the possible acceleration and enhancement of this process by the commencement of mining activities. For most of the analysed features, a high correlation between their value and organic matter content was observed. Given that the possible commencement of opencast mining operations may signifi cantly accelerate and enhance the already initiated mursh-forming process, it is reasonable to conduct systematic research at the measuring points proposed in the study. Keywords
Changing Proportions of HIV-1 Subtypes and Transmitted Drug Resistance Among Newly Diagnosed HIV/AIDS Individuals — China, 2015 and 2018

Introduction With the expansion of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) antiretroviral therapy (ART), HIV drug resistance is becoming more and more serious. This study describes the changing prevalence of HIV-1 subtypes and transmitted drug resistance (TDR) among newly diagnosed individuals in China, 2015 and 2018. Methods A total of 8,980 individuals in 2015 and 2018 from 31 provincial-level administrative divisions (PLADs) were enrolled in this study. Viral RNAs were amplified and sequenced using an in-house polymerase chain reaction (PCR) protocol. The Stanford HIV Drug Resistance Database (HIVdb) was used to predict susceptibility to 12 antiretroviral drugs. Results The prevalence of TDR was not significantly increased over time. The prevalence of TDR was 3.8% and 4.4% in 2015 and 2018, respectively (P=0.13). The prevalence of CRF55_01B increased from 2.3% in 2015 to 3.9% in 2018 (P<0.001). The drug resistance prevalence of non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTI) increased from 2.4% in 2015 to 3.3% in 2018 (P<0.01). The prevalence of E138 (P<0.001), H221 (P=0.03), and V179 (P<0.001) mutations increased from 0.30%, 0.09%, and 0.70% in 2015 to 1.10%, 0.30%, and 1.70% in 2018, respectively. Conclusions HIV drug resistance affects the effect of antiretroviral treatment, so the monitoring of HIV TDR should be strengthened to control the transmission of HIV drug resistance.
A Bayesian Network Meta-Analysis of First-Line Treatments for Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer with High Programmed Death Ligand-1 Expression

We performed a Bayesian network meta-analysis (NMA) to suggest frontline treatments for advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) showing high programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) expression. A total of 5237 patients from 22 studies were included. In terms of progression-free survival, immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) plus bevacizumab plus chemotherapy had the highest surface under the cumulative ranking curve (SUCRA) value (98.1%), followed by ICI plus chemotherapy (82.9%). In terms of overall survival (OS), dual immunotherapy plus chemotherapy had the highest SUCRA value (79.1%), followed by ICI plus bevacizumab plus chemotherapy (73.4%). However, there was no significant difference in survival outcomes among treatment regimens combined with immunotherapy. Moreover, ICI plus chemotherapy failed to reveal a significant OS superiority to ICI monotherapy (hazard ratio = 0.978, 95% credible internal: 0.771–1.259). In conclusion, this NMA indicates that ICI plus chemotherapy with/without bevacizumab might to be the best options in terms of OS for advanced NSCLC with high PD-L1 expression. However, considering that there was no significant difference in survival outcomes among treatment regimens incorporating immunotherapy and that ICI plus chemotherapy failed to show significant survival benefits over ICI monotherapy, ICI monotherapy may be reasonable as first-line treatment for advanced NSCLC with high PD-L1 expression.