Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Rumen-Protected Lysine and Methionine Supplementation Reduced Protein Requirement of Holstein Bulls by Altering Nitrogen Metabolism in Liver

Simple Summary Excessive protein intake causes dietary nitrogen to be excreted through urine nitrogen and fecal nitrogen, reducing nitrogen use efficiency. The main way to reduce dietary nitrogen loss is to reduce dietary protein content, as well as to meet the nutritional needs of ruminants. Therefore, reducing crude proteins while adding rumen amino acids can achieve a reduction in nitrogen emissions. The results showed that adding RPLys (55 g/d) and RPMet (9 g/d) to the bull diet and low protein diet (11%) could improve the growth performance, increase the level of nitrogen metabolism, and enhance the expression of genes related to nitrogen metabolism. Abstract The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of low-protein diets supplemented with rumen-protected lysine (RPLys) and methionine (RPMet) on growth performance, rumen fermentation, blood biochemical parameters, nitrogen metabolism, and gene expression related to N metabolism in the liver of Holstein bulls. Thirty-six healthy and disease-free Holstein bulls with a similar body weight (BW) (424 ± 15 kg, 13 months old) were selected. According to their BW, they were randomly divided into three groups with 12 bulls in each group in a completely randomized design. The control group (D1) was fed with a high-protein basal diet (CP13%), while bulls in two low-protein groups were supplied a diet with 11% crude protein and RPLys 34 g/d·head + RPMet 2 g/d·head (low protein with low RPAA, T2) or RPLys 55 g/d·head + RPMet 9 g/d·head (low protein with high RPAA, T3). At the end of the experiment, the feces and urine of dairy bulls were collected for three consecutive days. Blood and rumen fluid were collected before morning feeding, and liver samples were collected after slaughtering. The results showed that the average daily gain (ADG) of bulls in the T3 group was higher than those in D1 (p < 0.05). Compared with D1, a significantly higher nitrogen utilization rate (p < 0.05) and serum IGF-1 content (p < 0.05) were observed in both T2 and T3 groups; however, blood urea nitrogen (BUN) content was significantly lower in the T2 and T3 groups (p < 0.05). The content of acetic acid in the rumen of the T3 group was significantly higher than that of the D1 group. No significant differences were observed among the different groups (p > 0.05) in relation to the alpha diversity. Compared with D1, the relative abundance of Christensenellaceae_R-7_group in T3 was higher (p < 0.05), while that of Prevotellaceae _YAB2003_group and Succinivibrio were lower (p < 0.05). Compared with D1 and T2 group, the T3 group showed an expression of messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) that is associated with (CPS-1, ASS1, OTC, ARG) and (N-AGS, S6K1, eIF4B, mTORC1) in liver; moreover, the T3 group was significantly enhanced (p < 0.05). Overall, our results indicated that low dietary protein (11%) levels added with RPAA (RPLys 55 g/d +RPMet 9 g/d) can benefit the growth performance of Holstein bulls by reducing nitrogen excretion and enhancing nitrogen efficiency in the liver.
Secular Interactions of Coorbiting Objects

Abstract We study the dynamics of the three-body problem when two objects are in the 1:1 mean motion commensurability and can experience close encounters. Three orbit families are relevant to the dynamics: horseshoe orbits, passing orbits, and retrograde satellite orbits. The latter two families are present only when the relative eccentricity of the two objects is large in comparison to the width of their coorbital region. In the planar case, the three families are disjoint because the guiding center of the motion is stationary with respect to secular perturbations; as a result, collisional orbits are unstable. Orbit transitions between different families occur in three dimensions owing to the secular variations of the eccentricity and argument of pericenter ω r . Potentially colliding horseshoe orbits transit via eccentric retrograde satellite orbits in a secular mechanism where ω r librates around ±90°. Coorbital passing orbits are located at the Kozai resonances with 2ω r librating around either 0° or 180°. The former resonance is a dominant feature of the dynamics once passing orbits exist. The latter is found only at large values of the Jacobi constant. Large amplitude librations around the Kozai resonances involve the transition from a passing orbit to an association of horseshoe and retrograde satellite orbits and the secular periodic reversal of the relative semimajor axis of the passing orbit. The stability of these structures supports the existence of coorbiting material with the planets, especially Mercury, and favors a coorbital origin of the retrograde natural satellites.
Association of coronary artery calcium with heart rate variability in the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health - ELSA-Brasil

Current data shows that the autonomic and vascular systems can influence each other. However, only a few studies have addressed this association in the general population. We aimed to investigate whether heart rate variability (HRV) was associated with coronary artery calcium (CAC) in a cross-sectional analysis of the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil). We examined baseline data from 3138 participants (aged 35 to 74 years) without previous cardiovascular disease who underwent CAC score assessment and had validated HRV recordings. Prevalent CAC was defined as a CAC score>0, and HRV analyses were performed over 5-min segments. We detected CAC score>0 in 765 (24.4%) participants. Subgroup analyses in older participants (≥49 years) adjusted for sociodemographic and clinical variables revealed that CAC score>0 was associated with lower values of standard deviation of NN intervals (SDNN) (odds ratio [OR]=1.32; 95%CI: 1.05,1.65), root mean square of successive differences between adjacent NN intervals (RMSSD) (OR=1.28; 95%CI: 1.02,1.61), and low frequency (LF) (OR=1.53, 95%CI: 1.21,1.92). Interaction analysis between HRV indices and sex in age-stratified groups revealed significant effect modification: women showed increased OR for prevalent CAC in the younger group, while for men, the associations were in the older group. In conclusion, participants aged ≥49 years with low SDNN, RMSSD, and LF values were more likely to present prevalent CAC, suggesting a complex interaction between these markers in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Furthermore, our results suggested that the relationship between CAC and HRV might be sex- and age-related.
Ultraviolet GaN Single Quantum Well Laser Diodes

The ultraviolet laser diodes (LDs) whose active layers consisted of binary GaN were grown on epitaxially laterally overgrown GaN substrates by a metalorganic chemical vapor deposition method. For the first time, we observed the lasing emission from binary GaN active layer by current injection. The emission wavelength of GaN single quantum well LDs was 366.9 nm under pulsed current injection and 369.0 nm under continuos-wave (cw) operation at room temperature. The threshold current density and voltage of these LDs under the 25°C cw operation were 3.5 kA/cm2 and 4.6 V, respectively. The estimated lifetime was approximately 2000 h under 25°C cw operation at an output power of 2 mW.
Interpretation of Backscattering Mechanisms from Non-gaussian Correlated Randomly Rough Surfaces

In this study we analyzed backscattering mechanism using a non-Gaussian correlation function, called exponential-like, for rough surface. The corresponding surface spectrum properties were investigated. It contains an excessive amount of high frequency spectral components. But unlike exponential one, it has rms slopes and allows to obtain the desired rms slopes. New insight into the physical implications of mechanism behind the backscattering behavior was obtained using the advanced integral equation model (AIEM). It is known that backscattering at large incident angles is proportional to the presence of small scale roughness or the high-frequency spectral components of the surface spectrum. Similarly, the peaking at near normal incidence is proportional to the large scale roughness or the low frequency spectral components of the surface spectrum. However, by increasing frequency while keeping the small roughness scale, scattering cannot approach the geometric optics at large angles of incidence where small roughness scales dominate scattering. There is condition where VV tends to HH returns without approaching the geometric optics limit. This is where we increase the surface rms slope. In fact, the presence of roughness scales, small or comparable to the incident wavelength, implies that the geometric optics condition is not satisfied. When there is a significant amount of backscattering in the large incident angle region, it indicates presence of high frequency spectral components in the surface spectrum. To demonstrate the applicability of the proposed correlation function, comparison of backscattering coefficients between model predictions and insitu measurements was made. Well match was obtained in terms of level and angular trend.
The effect of crystallite size and stress condition on the equation of state of nanocrystalline MgO

We performed high-pressure synchrotron x-ray diffraction experiments on nanocrystalline (nc-) MgO compressed both under quasi-hydrostatic and non-hydrostatic conditions in a diamond-anvil cell. Data obtained under hydrostatic conditions show that nc-MgO (average crystallite size of 20 nm) is 8-9% more compressible than “bulk” MgO. Analysis of our results collected under non-hydrostatic conditions yields a bulk modulus that is about 27% larger than the one derived from the quasi-hydrostatic compression experiments. Thus, the apparent bulk modulus strongly depends on the experimental stress conditions.
Insurance and economic growth nexus: New Evidence from OECD countries

Abstract This study tackles the debate on the relationship between insurance development and economic growth by providing new evidence on the insurance sector. Most of the existing empirical studies focus primarily on the banking sector. This article applies linear dynamic panel-data approaches to examine the nexus between insurance (life insurance, non-life insurance, and the total insurance) and economic growth in 16 OECD countries from 2009 to 2020. We show that insurance development is associated with economic growth. The relationship between life and non-life insurance premiums and economic growth is non-linear. Based on the analysis of the data, an inverted U-shaped relationship is observed between insurance premiums and economic growth, thereby supporting the hypothesis reported in the literature on the non-linear relationship between financial development and economic growth. This implies that more finance may only be better up to a point, after which it tends to harm growth. Thus, our results confirm that the relationship between the insurance sector and economic growth appears to behave like the association between the financial industry and GDP. These findings offer several useful empirical implications for insurance companies and certain perspectives that would help policymakers, governments in OECD and other regions identify important aspects that can be considered while formulating financial regulations related to insurance activities.
Telomere Attrition in Chronic Kidney Diseases

Telomeres are dynamic DNA nucleoprotein structures located at the end of chromosomes where they maintain genomic stability. Due to the end replication problem, telomeres shorten with each cell division. Critically short telomeres trigger cellular senescence, which contributes to various degenerative and age-related diseases, including chronic kidney diseases (CKDs). Additionally, other factors such as oxidative stress may also contribute to accelerated telomere shortening. Indeed, telomeres are highly susceptible to oxidative damage due to their high guanine content. Here, we provide a comprehensive review of studies examining telomere length (TL) in CKDs to highlight the association between TL and the development and progression of CKDs in humans. We then focus on studies investigating TL in patients receiving kidney replacement therapy. The mechanisms of the relationship between TL and CKD are not fully understood, but a shorter TL has been associated with decreased kidney function and the progression of nephropathy. Interestingly, telomere lengthening has been observed in some patients in longitudinal studies. Hemodialysis has been shown to accelerate telomere erosion, whereas the uremic milieu is not reversed even in kidney transplantation patients. Overall, this review aims to provide insights into the biological significance of telomere attrition in the pathophysiology of kidney disease, which may contribute to the development of new strategies for the management of patients with CKDs.
Associating sense of place and nature relatedness in the British Columbia Mount Arrowsmith Biosphere Region: a case study

ABSTRACT This case study is part of a project examining the Mount Arrowsmith Biosphere Region – a UNESCO-designated biosphere reserve on Vancouver Island, British Columbia. We aimed to understand the extent to which individuals in six communities experience psychological variables linked to pro-social and pro-environmental outcomes, such as sense of place – comprised of place attachment, place identity, and place dependence – and nature-relatedness. We also explored how these attitudes relate to residents’ perceived views of, and walkable access to, nature. Overall, sense of place was neutral; nature relatedness and perceptions of views and access to nature were significantly stronger than sense of place. Although these two variables, as well as sense of place and perceptions of views and walkable access to nature correlated in the region on aggregate, significant associations were not revealed per community. Over 60% of responses to an open-ended item about physical features that contribute to sense of place concerned the natural environment – rather than social or built amenities. Municipal planners may capitalize on restorative effects that arise when community members form connections with nature, and concentrate funding or public engagement on trails, parks, and other natural features to bolster sense of place in coastal and mountainous communities.
Exploratory and Descriptive Comparison Using the WAIS-IV and LSC-SUA of the Cognitive Profile of Italian University Students with Reading Comprehension Disorder (RCD) vs. Decoding Difficulties—Dyslexia

Background: The “Guidelines for the Management of Specific Learning Disorders” provide clear diagnostic and evaluative guidance on Reading Comprehension Disorder (RCD), as suggested by the DSM-5. The present study investigated the relationship between cognitive abilities in university students with RCD compared to students with Decoding Difficulties—i.e., dyslexia (DD)—and examined possible diagnostic procedures for RCD in young adults. Methods: Twenty university students from the University of Salerno “Disabilities/SLD Help Desk” participated. The sample was divided into the RCD Group (10) and DD Group (10). They were administered (a) the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale—Fourth Edition (WAIS-IV) to assess their cognitive profile; and (b) the LSC-SUA-Reading tests for the assessment of text comprehension, writing, and calculation skills. Results: With regard to their cognitive profile, the DD Group had a lower mean of FSIQ (91.90 ± 5.82 vs. 92.50 ± 2.41). The RCD Group showed higher means in the subscales of CPI (94.80 ± 5.77), WMI (91.80 ± 78.80), and PSI (101.20 ± 6.20). Text comprehension assessment showed high averages in the DD Group (Track A = 11.50 ± 1.08; Track B = 11.40 ± 0.95). Conclusions: A valid psychodiagnostic model to examine reading comprehension skills for adults must assess the interaction between higher-level linguistic and cognitive processes in order to best define the pathways of skill enhancement.
Simulation of J-aggregate microcavity photoluminescence

We have developed a model in order to account for the photoexcitation dynamics of J-aggregate films and strongly coupled J-aggregate microcavities. The J aggregates are described as a disordered Frenkel exciton system in which relaxation occurs due to the presence of a thermal bath of molecular vibrations. The correspondence between the photophysics in J-aggregate films and that in J-aggregate microcavities is obtained by introducing a model polariton wave function mixing cavity photon modes and J-aggregate super-radiant excitons. With the same description of the material properties, we have calculated both absorption and luminescence spectra for the J-aggregate film and the photoluminescence of strongly coupled organic microcavities. The model is able to account for the fast relaxation dynamics in organic microcavities following nonresonant pumping and explains the temperature dependence of the ratio between the upper polariton and the lower polariton luminescence.
Waveform inversion in the Laplace domain

SUMMARY For the last 30 yr, since Tarantola’s pioneering theoretical study of waveform inversion, geophysicists and applied mathematicians have utilized a waveform inversion to delineate the earth’s structures. However, successful applications of waveform inversion to real data are nominal. The failures are mainly caused by the high non-linearity of the waveform inversion and the real data containing insufficient low-frequency components. We propose a waveform inversion algorithm that is robust and is not sensitive to the initial model by exploiting the wavefield in the Laplace domain and the adjoint property of the wave equation. The wavefield in the Laplace domain is equivalent to the zero frequency component of the damped wavefield. Therefore, the inversion of Poisson’s equation in electrical prospecting can be viewed as a waveform inversion problem, exploiting the zero frequency component of an undamped wavefield. Since our inversion algorithm in the Laplace domain is strongly associated with the nature of DC inversion for Poisson’s equation in electrical prospecting, our algorithm can generate a velocity model that is equivalent to a long-wavelength velocity model (a smooth velocity model). Through numerical tests, we found that the Laplace-transformed wavefields for optimally low Laplace damping constants are critically needed in our algorithm as the low-frequency components are necessary in the waveform inversion of the frequency domain. We note that the objective function by l2 norm of the logarithmic wavefield in the Laplace domain behaves as if it has no local minimum points in low and high Laplace damping constants. Moreover, we note that the forward modelling in the Laplace domain could be accurately calculated by using a coarser grid of several hundreds of metres than that of the frequency domain. Numerical tests of the salt dome model with high-velocity contrast demonstrate the robustness of our algorithm to both synthetic and real data. To apply our algorithm to real data more successfully, we need to improve the accuracy of the Laplace transformation for the wavefields in the time domain. However, our waveform inversion in the Laplace domain can be successfully applied to real data since our algorithm has more advantages in forward modelling and inversion than those in the frequency domain.
Redshifts for flat-spectrum radio sources in the second Caltech-Jodrell Bank VLBI sample

We present optical spectra and redshifts for flat-spectrum radio sources taken from the second Caltech-lodrell Bank VLBI sample. The sources were observed using the Faint Object Spectrograph on the Isaac Newton Telescope. We show optical spectra for 90 sources, out of a total of 101 observed; of the remaining 11 sources, nine were not detected, and two were mis­ identified. Definite redshifts have been determined for 60 sources, and a further seven have probable redshifts determined. Five sources are shown to have featureless BL Lac type spectra, and 18 sources are too weak to give a reliable redshlft.
Structural algorithms and perturbations in differential-algebraic equations

The quasilinear form of differential-algebraic equations is at the same time both a very versatile generalization of the linear time-invariant form, and a form which turns out to suit methods for index reduction which we hope will be practically applicable and well understood in the future. The shuffle algorithm was originally a method for computing consistent initial conditions for linear time-invariant differential algebraic equations, but has other applications as well, such as the fundamental task of numerical integration. In the prospect of understanding how the shuffle algorithm can be applied to quasilinear differential-algebraic equations that cannot be analyzed by zero-patterns, the question of understanding singular perturbation in differential-algebraic equations has arose. This thesis details an algorithm for index reduction where this need is evident, and shows that the algorithm not only generalizes the shuffle algorithm, but also specializes the more general structure algorithm for system inversion by Li and Feng. One chapter of this thesis surveys a class of forms of equations, searching less general forms than the quasilinear, to which an algorithm like ours can be tailored. It is found that the index reduction process often destroys structural properties of the equations, and hence that it is natural to work with the quasilinear form in its full generality. The thesis also contains some early results on how the perturbations can be handled. The main results are inspired by the separate timescale modeling found in singular perturbation theory. While the singular perturbation theory considers the influence of a vanishing scalar in the equations, the analysis herein considers an unknown matrix bounded in norm by a small scalar. Results are limited to linear time-invariant equations of index at most 1, but it is worth noting that the index 0 case in itself holds an interesting generalization of the singular perturbation theory for ordinary differential equations.
The Baade-Wesselink Method and the Distances to RR Lyrae Stars. VIII. Comparisons with Other Techniques and Implications for Globular Cluster Distances and Ages

All techniques that derive M V or M bol as a function of [Fe/H] for RR Lyrae variables are summarized. Baade-Wesselink analyses indicate ∞ 0.16[Fe/H] and ∞ 0.21[Fe/H]. Recent results from main-sequence fitting are revised to account for metallicity-dependent errors in B-V from model isochrones, finding ∞ 0.12[Fe/H]. The equilibrium temperature scale for RR Lyrae stars, a crucial quantity for comparison of theory with observations and the period-shift analyses of Sandage, is redefined
Water-wave scattering by a semi-infinite periodic array of arbitrary bodies

We consider the scattering by a semi-infinite array of bodies of arbitrary geometry excited by an incident wave in the linear water-wave formulation (which reduces to the simpler case of Helmholtz scattering if the depth dependence can be removed). The theory presented here is extremely general, and we present example calculations for an array of floating elastic plates (a highly non-trivial scatterer). The solution method follows closely from the solution for point scatterers in a medium governed by Helmholtz's equation. We have made several extensions to this theory, considering water-wave scattering, allowing for bodies of arbitrary scattering geometry and showing how to include the effects of bound waves (called Rayleigh–Bloch waves in the water-wave context) in the formulation. We present results for scattering by arrays of cylinders that show the convergence of our methods and also some results for the case of scattering by floating elastic plates and fixed docks.