Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Application of Functional Carbohydrates as a Substitute for Inorganic Polyphosphate in Pork Meat Processing

Abstract Guar gum, κ-carrageenan, alginic acid and chitosan were applied to pork as a model system, and evaluated asa substitute for inorganic polyphosphate, which is one of the essential additives in conventional meat processing. The testedmaterials did not alter the fat content or pH of the pork meat; however, they did affect water holding capacity and cookingloss significantly. The pork with added guar gum and κ-carrageenan exhibited lower cooking loss than the pork with addedpolyphosphate. Also, theses materials showed no negative coloring effect within the pork meat blends, which suggest thepossibility for their application in final products. In addition, the pork processed with guar gum showed a similar emulsionstability to that with polyphosphate. Overall, guar gum and κ-carrageenan were confirmed as possible substitutes forinorganic polyphosphate. Key words: inorganic polyphosphate, guar gum, κ-carrageenan, alginic acid, chitosan 서론 건강에 대한 관심의 증대로 의해 식품 구매자들의 대부분(81%)이 식품에 함유되어 있는 기능성 소재가 식품의 구매 여부 결정에 중요한 기준이 되고 있다(1). 육가공제품 제조에 염지제는 가공특성 증진 이외에도 풍미나 염지육색 발현목적으로 원료육에다양하게 첨가되어 왔다. 소금은 염용성 단백질의 추출과 이에따른 보수력의 증대 등에 중요한 역할을 하고 있으나, 지속적인섭취에 의한 혈압 상승 등의 영향으로 인해 사용량을 최소로 줄이기 위한 노력이 권고되고 있는 실정이다(2,3). 그리고 최근에는소비자의 건강에 대한 관심증가로 소금의 첨가수준을 감소시키는 것 이외에도, 아질산염이나 솔빈산염 뿐만 아니라, 육가공의주요한 첨가제인 인산염의 사용도 배제하려는 시도가 이루어 지고 있다(4). 인산염은 비교적 안전한 첨가물로 인식되고 있으나,과량의 섭취가 지속되면 인체 내의 칼슘, 철, 마그네슘 대사에 이상을일으키는등의 문제점이 확인되어 이에 대한 대비가 요구되고 있는 실정이다(5,6). 이러한 문제점이 해결된 건강기능성 육가공제품 생산을 위해 다양한 천연 기능성물질의 대체 가능성에대한 연구들이 진행되었으나, 소금과 인산염을 동시에 대체하고자 하는 시도는 아직 이루어지지 못하고 있다. 많은 관련 연구들은 저지방, 저염 육가공 제품에서의 보수력 증진을 위한 대체 소재 개발을 위해 크게 두가지 방향에서 접근이 이루어져 왔다. 첫째는 non-meat protein들 계열의 소재들로 분리대두단백질, 유청단백질, 카제인 등이고(7-9), 다른 계열의 소재들은 친수성 hydro-colloid 계열의 고분자 탄수화물 소재들이었다(9-15). 이들의 공통적인 역할은 염류의 감소에 의한 단백질들의 보수력 및 결착력감소를 첨가된 단백질과 친수성 hydrocolloid로 보충해 주어 정상적인 최종 제품 제조를 목적으로 하였다. 카라기난과 구아검 및알긴산은 식이섬유에 속하는 식물성 고분자 다당체로서 저칼로리와 특히 높은 보수력 및 점성증가의 특성으로 체내 영양흡수감소 및 독성물질들과의 결합 등으로 독특한 건강효과가 있는 것으로 알려져 왔고(16), 키토산은 갑각류 표피에 존재하는 고분자다당류로서 혈중 콜레스테롤을 조절하고, 항균작용 및 항산화작용으로 식품의 보존제 역할에 대한 연구가 활발히 진행되고 있는 천연 기능성 소재이다(17). 본 연구에서는 높은 보수력을 가진 4가지의 친수성 hydrocolloid를 대상으로 인산염의 대체 가능성을 조사하고자, 저수준의 소금을 함유한 돈육 유화물을 모델로이의 품질 특성에 미치는 영향을 구명하였다. *Corresponding author: Joong-Hyuck Auh, Department of FoodScience & Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 456-756,KoreaTel: 82-31-670-3079Fax: 82-31-675-4853E-mail: jhauh@cau.ac. krReceived October 23, 2007; accepted October 31, 2007
What Influences Corporate Bond Issuing Decision and Value? The Role of Board of Director and Large Audit Firms in Vietnam

This paper investigates the role that board of director and large auditing firms play in the firm’s decision to issue corporate bonds using data of listed firms on the Ho Chi Minh city stock exchange in the period 2011-2018. Board size, independent directors, foreign members on board and large auditing firm are core independent variables being considered. The results show positive correlations between independent directors, large auditing firms and firm’s decision to issue bonds. This paper could not find relationship between board size, foreign board members and bonds issuing decisions. The findings could be suggestion to build suitable solutions to develop the Vietnamese corporate bond market and further researches.
Reaction Control System Optimization for Maneuverable Reentry Vehicles Based on Particle Swarm Optimization

This paper presents a new parametric optimization design to solve a class of reaction control system (RCS) problem with discrete switching state, flexible working time, and finite-energy control for maneuverable reentry vehicles. Based on basic particle swarm optimization (PSO) method, an exponentially decreasing inertia weight function is introduced to improve convergence performance of the PSO algorithm. Considering the PSO algorithm spends long calculation time, a suboptimal control and guidance scheme is developed for online practical design. By tuning the control parameters, we try to acquire efficacy as close as possible to that of the PSO-based solution which provides a reference. Finally, comparative simulations are conducted to verify the proposed optimization approach. The results indicate that the proposed optimization and control algorithm has good performance for such RCS of maneuverable reentry vehicles.
STUDIES ON MORPHOLOGY OF ECHINOCOCCUS GRANULOSUS FROM DIFFERENT ANIMAL-DOG ORIGIN

Morphological studies on larval and adult Echinococcus granutosus of buffalo, cattle, sheep, goats and camel origin revealed non-significant difference as regards the total number of hooks as well as shape and arrangement of the hooks. The mean total length of large and small hooks did not vary significantly in protoscoleces from different animal origin but mean total length of large and small hooks of adult worm differed significantly. No significant differences were observed in segmentation of adult worms, number and distribution of testes, shape of cirrus sac, position of genital pore and in histological examination hydatid cysts.
Joint Estimation of RF Impairments, Channel, and Low Complexity Iterative Equalization Technique for High Mobility SC-FDMA/OFDMA Uplink Systems

In this paper, we consider the problem of joint estimation and equalization of doubly selective channels and all radio frequency impairments, namely transmitter IQ imbalance (TIQI), receiver IQI (RIQI) and carrier frequency offsets (CFO) in the uplink of single carrier frequency division multiple access (SC-FDMA) and orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) systems with direct conversion transceiver architecture and high mobility users. We combine the effect of TIQI, RIQI and DSC to a new effective channel and propose the use of a Hermite polynomial based basis expansion model for approximating it to avoid the identifiability issue associated with this complete parameter estimation problem. As the maximum likelihood solution to this joint estimation problem requires complex multi-dimensional searches, we propose a novel subspace nulling based iterative estimation technique that effectively reduces the multi-user interference and replaces the multi-dimensional search with single-dimensional searches. Further, without much compromise on the performance, we also derive a low complexity version of the proposed technique. Additionally, we derive the Cramer-Rao bound for the joint estimation of CFO and effective channel. Moreover, we propose two equalization techniques for iteratively equalizing the mirror subcarrier pairs. The proposed techniques do not put any restriction on the carrier assignment scheme and provide good performance even at high mobile speeds.
A DESCRIPTIVE ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL RESTATEMENTS IN MALAYSIA

This study provides an overview of the issue of financial restatements among Malaysian public listed companies by investigating the trend and reasons for financial restatements for the period beginning 2005 through to 2014. Based on the Thompson Reuters DataStream database which provides restatement data for 915 Malaysian companies (9,150 company-year observations), detailed analysis shows that there is a total of 1,945 (21.26%) restatements occurring during the period. The highest number of restatement occurrences was in 2010 with 342 cases (17.58%) while the lowest was in 2008 with 41 cases (2.11%). The majority of restatement cases occurred due to changes in accounting policies with more than 75% of financial restatement cases found within four sectors: industrial products, trading and services, consumer products, and technology. The results of the study will be useful to regulating bodies such as Bursa Malaysia, Securities Commission and Malaysian Accounting Standard Board in as much as they highlight the trend and reasons for financial restatements among Malaysian public listed companies. Further investigation could be conducted for companies that regularly change their accounting policies.
Integrating Portfolio-Assessment into the Writing Process: Does it Affect a Significant Change in Iranian EFL Undergraduates’ Writing Achievement? A Mixed-Methods Study

The paradigm shift from testing the outcome to assessing the learning of process shines a light on the alternative assessment approaches, among which portfolio-assessment has sparked researchers’ interest in writing instruction. This study aimed at investigating the effect of portfolio-assessment on Iranian EFL students’ writing achievement through the process-centered approach to writing. To this end, fifty-three sophomores, studying English translation at Islamic Azad University, Tehran Science and Research Branch, were chosen as the participants of this study. The researchers randomly divided them into two groups--an experimental and control. The experimental group received an instruction based on the four stages of the writing process--brainstorming, outlining, drafting, and editing--and underwent the portfolio-assessment. For ten weeks, the participants of the experimental group practiced reflecting on their writing through formative self-check, peer-review, and teacher-feedback on each of the stages written as homework assignments. The revised paragraphs were regarded as the final portfolio. The control group, however, received a product-based writing instruction, to which portfolio-assessment, individualized-feedback, and reflection did not adhere. The results of the quantitative data analysis showed that the students in the experimental group performed better than the students in the control group in their writing achievement. The qualitative findings also revealed the students’ positive perception toward the portfolio-assessment on the writing process. The results suggest some pedagogical implications for EFL writing instruction and assessment.
Conservation biological control of insect pests in two horticultural crops.

Modern farming practices create inhospitable environments for natural enemies reducing their capacity to control pest insects. Conservation biological control (CBC) is a practice that aims to provide natural enemies with the resources they lack. This thesis investigated the potential of CBC for two important horticultural pests, the cabbage root fly Delia radicum and the lily leaf beetle Lilioceris lilii. The natural enemy complex of L. lilii larvae in Sweden is unknown, so a survey was conducted to collect information on the types of natural enemies present and the levels of parasitism. Four larval parasitoids of L. lilii were found, in varying relative abundance depending on the regions surveyed. Parasitism ranged between 21 and 57% depending on year and region. A three-year field experiment in the south-east of Sweden investigated CBC-based pest management for D. radicum that relied on within-field habitat manipulation practices. Nectar resources for the parasitoid Trybliographa rapae and perennial grass as overwintering habitat for epigeal predators were combined in conservation strips (CS). It was found that providing vegetative resources within the crop potentially improved the conditions for natural enemies of D. radicum. Activity density of the predator and pupal parasitoid Aleochara bipustulata was higher in plots with CS, at the time of D. radicum egg-laying, in two out of three years. In 2009 this was associated with a significant reduction in the number of infested cabbage plants. Other natural enemies, such as Cynipoidae wasps, were also more abundant in plots with CS. A parallel semi-field experiment showed that T. rapae could parasitise significantly more D. radicum larvae when given access to flowering buckwheat plants. However, parasitism by T. rapae and A. bipustulata was not higher in field plots with CS in any study years. On the other hand, egg-laying by D. radicum was not enhanced despite the provision of food plants which were not solely selective for natural enemies.
Mechanisms of Resistance in Groundnut Genotypes against Groundnut Leaf Miner, Aproaerema modicella (Deventer)

Leaf miner, Aproaerema modicella (Deventer) and leaf bud borer, Anarsia ephippias (Meyrick) are the two insect pests belonging to the family Gelechiidae causing considerable yield losses. An experiment was conducted to study the mechanisms of resistance on different groundnut genotypes towards groundnut leafminer. Groundnut genotypes tested for their reaction to leaf miner revealed that the proteins had shown significant negative correlation with incubation period, fourth instar duration, fifth instar duration, and total larval duration and total life span, phenols showed a significant positive correlation with third instar duration, fourth instar duration, total larval duration and total life span and reducing sugars showed positive correlation with incubation period and total life span.
High-energy multiple impact (HEMI) tests of wood–polypropylene composites: new insights in structural integrity

ABSTRACT The structural integrity of wood–polymer composites (WPC) has not been fully investigated, which can be attributed to a lack of applicable test procedures. In this study, wood–polypropylene composites were assessed by High-Energy Multiple Impact (HEMI) testing. The acquired composites were based on wood particles from various sources and different wood fibre contents, respectively. With respect to wood fibre content, a clear relationship between resistance to impact milling (RIM) and unnotched impact bending strength (a cU) was obtained. The lower the fibre content of the WPC the more structural integrity was retained. In return, various wood sources had no effect on a cU, but a major impact on RIM values. RIM is suggested to be predominantly affected by structural features, such as fibre/particle content and characteristics, particle agglomerations, and spatial void distribution.
Increased Transnational Sea Ice Transport Between Neighboring Arctic States in the 21st Century

The Arctic is undergoing a rapid transition toward a seasonal ice regime, with widespread implications for the polar ecosystem, human activities, as well as the global climate. Here we focus on how the changing ice cover impacts transborder exchange of sea ice between the exclusive economic zones of the Arctic states. We use the Sea Ice Tracking Utility, which follows ice floes from formation to melt, in conjunction with output diagnostics from two ensembles of the Community Earth System Model that follow different future emissions scenarios. The Community Earth System Model projects that by midcentury, transnational ice exchange will more than triple, with the largest increase in the amount of transnational ice originating from Russia and the Central Arctic. However, long‐distance ice transport pathways are predicted to diminish in favor of ice exchanged between neighboring countries. By the end of the 21st century, we see a large difference between the two future emissions scenarios considered: Consistent nearly ice‐free summers under the high emissions scenario act to reduce the total fraction of transnational ice exchange compared to midcentury, whereas the low emissions scenario continues to see an increase in the proportion of transnational ice. Under both scenarios, transit times are predicted to decrease to less than 2 yr by 2100, compared to a maximum of 6 yr under present‐day conditions and 2.5 yr by midcentury. These significant changes in ice exchange and transit time raise important concerns regarding risks associated with ice‐rafted contaminants.
ASSOCIATION BETWEEN MATRIX METALLOPROTEINASE-1 −1607 1G/2G POLYMORPHISM AND CHRONIC PERIODONTITIS IN INDONESIAN POPULATION

Objective: This study aimed to identify the distribution of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1 −1607 1G/2G alleles and genotypes in subjects withchronic periodontitis and healthy subjects in a sample of Indonesian population and assess the possible association of this polymorphism withsusceptibility to chronic periodontitis.Methods: Genomic DNA samples were obtained from 200 Indonesian males aged 33–78 years old, comprising 100 chronic periodontitis patientsand 100 healthy controls. DNA fragments were amplified by a polymerase chain reaction and analyzed by restriction fragment length polymorphism.Results were analyzed by Chi-square test.Results: The frequency of the 2G allele was high both in subjects with periodontitis (87%) and in controls (91%). Analysis of MMP-1 genotype(−1607 1G/2G) showed no significant difference between the chronic periodontitis and healthy groups (p>0.05). Conclusion: The result found no association between MMP-1 −1607 1G/2G polymorphism and susceptibility to chronic periodontitis in Indonesiansubjects.
Hydrogen gas inhalation alleviates oxidative stress in patients with post-cardiac arrest syndrome

Oxidative stress plays a key role in the pathophysiology of post-cardiac arrest syndrome. Molecular hydrogen reduces oxidative stress and exerts anti-inflammatory effects in an animal model of cardiac arrest. However, its effect on human post-cardiac arrest syndrome is unclear. We consecutively enrolled five comatose post-cardiac arrest patients (three males; mean age, 65 ± 15 years; four cardiogenic, one septic cardiac arrest) and evaluated temporal changes in oxidative stress markers and cytokines with inhaled hydrogen. All patients were treated with target temperature management. Hydrogen gas inhalation (2% hydrogen with titrated oxygen) was initiated upon admission for 18 h. Blood hydrogen concentrations, plasma and urine oxidative stress markers (derivatives of reactive oxygen metabolites, biological antioxidant potential, 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine, Nɛ-hexanoyl-lysine, lipid hydroperoxide), and cytokines (interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α) were measured before and 3, 9, 18, and 24 h after hydrogen gas inhalation. Arterial hydrogen concentration was measurable and it was equilibrated with inhaled hydrogen. Oxidative stress was reduced and cytokine levels were unchanged in cardiogenic patients, whereas oxidative stress was unchanged and cytokine levels were diminished in the septic patient. The effect of inhaled hydrogen on oxidative stress and cytokines in comatose post-cardiac arrest patients remains indefinite because of methodological weaknesses.
Ethnobotanical Study on Medicinal Plants for Dermatological Disorders at Chittagong Hill Tracts, Bangladesh

Background: Dermatological disorders affect people in all age groups and prevail all around the globe. In this regard, medicinal plants play a significant role as they are usually the first line of treatment in dermatological disorders. Because traditional healers in Bangladesh know little about the use of plants to treat different skin diseases, we carried out an ethnobotanical survey of medicinal plants in the Chittagong Hill Tracts (CHT) to explore the traditional uses for healing wounds and skin problems. Objectives: This study aimed to list the plants employed as remedies against various dermatological disorders in CHT. Methods: The survey was performed from January 2016 to December 2017 with fieldwork undertaken in CHT of Rangamati, Bandarban, and Khagrachari. Open-ended and semi-structured questionnaires were used for interviewing a total of 387 people comprising traditional healers, Ayurvedic/Unani drug manufacturers, and local inhabitants. A total of 56 plant species of 32 families were documented. The most frequently used plant parts were leaves. The majority of the species were shrub in nature, while paste represented their main mode of drug preparation. Most plants grew wild in forests, with some cultivated in homestead and gardens. Results: There was remarkable diversity in the doses of different plant preparations for various treatments. The presence of identified active compounds can rationalize the conventional use of many plants to treat dermatological disorders in Bangladesh. Conclusion: This documentation accounts for the preliminary information necessary to perform future phytochemical investigations and is vital for the conservation of these plants.
Effects of the In-Plane/Out-of-Plane Interaction in URM Infills on the Seismic Performance of RC Buildings Designed to Eurocodes

ABSTRACT Incremental dynamic analyses are performed on 48 infilled reinforced concrete buildings different for infill typology, number of storeys and design peak ground acceleration (PGA). A modelling strategy accounting for infills’ interacting in-plane (IP) and out-of-plane (OOP) responses is implemented. The seismic displacement demand on buildings may be highly underestimated if the IP/OOP interaction is neglected. The PGA at the first OOP collapse is evaluated. Two-leaf infills may be not safe with respect to the OOP collapse. The OOP behaviour factor (q) of infills accounting for the IP/OOP interaction effects is determined. It is suggested assuming q equal to the unit.
The use of synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonists (SCRAs) within the homeless population: motivations, harms and the implications for developing an appropriate response

Abstract Background Synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonists (SCRAs) have become increasingly associated with a range of physical, mental health and societal harms. In response, several countries have introduced legislation aimed at restricting their supply and use. While these legislative changes have led to a decrease in SCRA use within the general population, SCRAs remain popular within vulnerable populations, in particular the homeless. This article presents the findings from the first in-depth qualitative study of SCRA use within the homeless population. It makes an important and timely contribution to the current evidence base and discourse on how governments and service providers should respond to SCRA use within the homeless population. Methods The research on which this article is based was undertaken in Manchester, UK. Qualitative interviews were undertaken with 53 homeless users of SCRAs and 31 stakeholders. Results The motivations for SCRA use are broadly similar to those associated with traditional drugs; namely to escape from the reality of life on the streets, and to provide relief from the physical conditions of a street-based lifestyle. However, the combination of their low cost, the ease with which they can be accessed, their high potency, and their non-detectability explains their particular appeal to the homeless population. Alongside these motivations, the research identified a range of physical, mental health, and societal harms that were directly attributable to SCRAs. Conclusions The most appropriate way to address the continued use of SCRAs within the homeless population is through the development of a more appropriate service response rather than further legislative change.
Screening Discrimination in Financial Markets: Evidence from CEO-Fund Manager Dyads

This study provides evidence that investors' demographic similarity to CEOs facilitates informed trading after accounting for selective distribution of information. Mutual fund managers overweight firms whose CEOs resemble them in terms of age, ethnicity, and gender. Significantly higher trade performance in the sub-portfolio of similar CEOs indicates that this overweighting reflects informational advantage. Consistently, for similar CEOs, fund managers are better able to identify valuable CEO-firm matches and firms with positive future earnings. The evidence supports theories of screening discrimination according to which in-group bias is a rational response to asymmetric information and has implications for fund manager diversity.