Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
INTERNET USE BEHAVIOR: EMERGING STUDENT MENTAL HEALTH PROBLEM

Background: Internet addiction is emerging community mental health issue. Objective of study was to determine frequency of three types of internet use behaviors, modal reason of internet use and association of internet use behavior to different socio demographic variables. Material & Methods: This comparative cross-sectional study was conducted in Gomal Medical College from 1st September to 30th September 2018. A sample size of 100 students was chosen through non probability sampling technique. All students were given a questionnaire. Our sociodemographic variables were age, residence, gender, language and socioeconomic status. Research variables were frequency of different internet use behaviors and modal reason of internet use. SPSS version 19 was used for data analysis. Categorical variables were expressed as frequency and percentages and numerical variables expressed as mean and SD. Chi square test was done to see association of internet use behaviors with socio demographic variables. Results: in this study male and female were both equal in number with 50 each. Majority of them were below 25 yrs of age 99%, hosteler 74%, Pushto speaking 54% and from middle class 78%. Regarding internet use behavior 53% were normal user,45% were problematic user and 2 were addict. Chi square test did not show any significant difference between type of user and sociodemographic characteristics. Conclusion: In our study frequency of problematic user is high and internet use behavior is not significantly associated to different sociodemographic groups. Entertainment was the most frequent reason for using internet.
Validation of Fatty Liver Index as a Marker for Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Background: Many studies have been conducted to validate fatty liver index (FLI) as a marker for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). However, there are insufficient data in Korea to verify the usefulness of FLI, and the results of these studies are contradictory. This study aimed to validate FLI as a marker for NAFLD in Korea. For better accuracy, computed tomography (CT) scan was used instead of ultrasound scan.Methods: A cross-sectional analysis was performed in 785 subjects who participated in a health examination. The participants were divided according to presence of NAFLD, which was determined by abdominal CT. Frequency analysis was performed on all results. The chi-square test and independent t-test were used to compare the differences between the non-NAFLD group and the NAFLD group in terms of general characteristics and blood tests. The ability of the FLI to detect (nonalcoholic) fatty liver was assessed using area under the receiver operator characteristic (AUROC) curve analysis.Results: FLI was significantly higher in the NAFLD group (42.48±27.63) than in the non-NAFLD group (22.59±20.05) (P<0.0001). The algorithm for FLI had a better AUROC of 0.696 (95% confidence interval, 0.649-0.742) than any other variable in the prediction of NAFLD.Conclusions: FLI is a marker that can be used as a simple and cost-effective tool to screen for NAFLD.
Analisis Pengaruh Promosi, Harga, dan Citra Merek terhadap Keputusan Pembelian pada Situs E-commerce Zalora di Jakarta

This research is using quantitative study that aims to determine the effect of promotion, price, and brand image on purchasing decisions on the Zalora e-commerce site in Jakarta. The population in this study are Zalora users in Jakarta with a sample of 75 respondents using the non-probability sampling method with purposive sampling technique. Hypothesis testing in this study uses Partial Least Square (PLS) analysis tool and a significance level of 5%. The results of this study are the promotion has a significant effect on purchasing decisions, price has no significant effect on purchasing decisions, brand image has a significant effect on purchasing decisions.
Combination Breeding and Marker-Assisted Selection to Develop Late Blight Resistant Potato Cultivars

(1) Background: Although resistance to pathogens and pests has been researched in many potato cultivars and breeding lines with DNA markers, there is scarce evidence as to the efficiency of the marker-assisted selection (MAS) for these traits when applied at the early stages of breeding. A goal of this study was to estimate the potential of affordable DNA markers to track Rpi disease resistance genes, that are effective against the pathogen Phytophthora infestans, as a practical breeding tool on a progeny of 68 clones derived from a cross between the cultivar Sudarynya and 13/11-09. (2) Methods: this population was studied for four years to elucidate the distribution of LB resistance and other agronomical desirable or simple to phenotype traits such as tuber and flower pigmentation, capacity and structure of yield. LB resistance was phenotypically determined through natural and artificial infection and the presence/absence of nine Rpi genes was assessed via 11 sequence-characterized amplified region (SCAR) markers. To aid this analysis, the profile of Rpi genes in the 13/11-09 parent was established using diagnostic resistance gene enrichment sequencing (dRenSeq) as a gold standard. (3) Results: at the early stages of a breeding program, MAS can halve the workload when screening the segregation of F1 offspring and selected SCAR markers for Rpi-genes provide useful tools.
Oral Lichen Planus and its relation with Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma: new insights into the potential for malignant transformation

Oral Lichen Planus (OLP) is a chronic inflammatory disorder of unknown etiology. However, evidence suggests that it consists of an immunological process that leads to degeneration of the keratinocytes in the basal layer of the oral mucosa. Despite being recognized by WHO as a potentially malignant disorder with progression to oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), the relationship between both pathologies is still controversial. Different studies have investigated factors associated with the potential for malignant transformation of OLP but it remains unclear. Through a bioinformatics approach, we investigated similarities in gene expression profiles of OLP and OSCC in early and advanced stages. Our results revealed gene expression patterns related to processes of keratinization, keratinocyte differentiation, cell proliferation and immune response in common between OLP and early and advanced OSCC, with the cornified envelope formation and antigen processing cross-presentation pathways in common between OLP and early OSCC. Together, these results reveal that key genes such as PI3, SPRR1B and KRT17, in addition to genes associated with different immune processes such as CXCL-13, HIF1A and IL1B may be involved in this oncogenic process. In addition, we performed an analysis of differentially and co-expressed genes and proposed putative therapeutic targets and associated drugs.
Locoregional Therapies for Hepatocellular Carcinoma with Portal Vein Tumor Thrombosis

Simple Summary Liver cancer is a leading cause of cancer deaths in the United States and is frequently complicated by a condition called portal vein tumor thrombus, which indicates advanced disease with a short life expectancy. Recent advances in treatment of portal vein tumor thrombus have been shown to improve life expectancy in multiple trials and the evidence supporting these treatments is reviewed here. Abstract Hepatocellular carcinoma is the fourth leading cause of cancer worldwide, and the fastest increasing cause of cancer mortality in the United States. Its propensity for vascular invasion leads to the presence of portal vein tumor thrombus in up to half of patients. PVTT results in a classification of advanced disease, given the risk recurrence secondary to intravascular spread, and formal guidelines recommend systemic therapy in these patients. However, recent advances in locoregional therapies including TACE, TARE, and ablation have demonstrated the potential to drastically improve overall survival in patients with HCC complicated by PVTT.
Q-factor optimization for high-beta 650 MHz cavities for PIP-II

X iv :2 11 1. 01 89 4v 1 [ ph ys ic s. ac cph ] 2 N ov 2 02 1 Q-factor optimization for high-beta 650 MHz cavities for PIP-II M. Martinello, a) D.J. Bice, C. Boffo, S.K. Chandrasekeran, G.V. Eremeev, F. Furuta, A. Grassellino, O. Melnychuk, D.A. Sergatskov, G. Wu, and T.C. Reid Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA. Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA.
Cognitive Fatigue in Young, Middle‐Aged, and Older: Breaks as a Way to Recover

Maintaining productivity is of primary importance in organizational settings. Nowadays, the pressure for work efficacy is required until advanced age given the increased longevity in western societies. Worryingly, performing a work for a long-lasting duration may induce cognitive fatigue, which can alter job performance or cause work accidents. Regarding laboratory studies, cognitive fatigue, as induced in Time-on-Task designs, has been shown to increase reaction times (RTs). According to the Effort-Recovery Model (ERM), work breaks are able to relieve cognitive fatigue and to maintain performance. However, few studies have investigated age-related effects in such a context. In this study, young, middle-aged, and older people performed a 160-min Stroop task in a “ NoBreak ” or a “ Breaks ” condition. To assess changes in RTs with Time-on-Task, the task duration was divided into four 40-min blocks in which the ex-Gaussian τ parameter (i.e., an index of longer RTs) was extracted from individual RT data. Our main results showed that young and middle-aged people increased their τ with Time-on-Task while older people did not. Importantly, participants in the NoBreak condition increased their τ with Time-on-Task while
Toll-like receptor 2 promotes breast cancer progression and resistance to chemotherapy

ABSTRACT Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are the main drivers of disease progression and chemotherapy resistance in breast cancer. Tumor progression and chemoresistance might then be prevented by CSC-targeted therapies. We previously demonstrated that Toll-like Receptor (TLR)2 is overexpressed in CSCs and fuels their self-renewal. Here, we show that high TLR2 expression is linked to poor prognosis in breast cancer patients, therefore representing a candidate target for breast cancer treatment. By using a novel mammary cancer-prone TLR2KO mouse model, we demonstrate that TLR2 is required for CSC pool maintenance and for regulatory T cell induction. Accordingly, cancer-prone TLR2KO mice display delayed tumor onset and increased survival. Transplantation of TLR2WT and TLR2KO cancer cells in either TLR2WT or TLR2KO hosts shows that tumor initiation is mostly sustained by TLR2 expression in cancer cells. TLR2 host deficiency partially impairs cancer cell growth, implying a pro-tumorigenic effect of TLR2 expression in immune cells. Finally, we demonstrate that doxorubicin-induced release of HMGB1 activates TLR2 signaling in cancer cells, leading to a chemotherapy-resistant phenotype. Unprecedented use of TLR2 inhibitors in vivo reduces tumor growth and potentiates doxorubicin efficacy with no negative impact on the host immune system, opening new perspectives for the treatment of breast cancer patients.
Creating a Competitive Advantage in the UK Higher Education Sector through Mirrored Course Delivery: A case example

Utilising Canterbury Christ Church University (CCCU) as a case example, this report will provide information about the strategic challenges that many modern universities in the UK face in creating a flexible delivery of education. Using strategic concepts and analysis, the current short report will examine the competitiveness within the higher education sector in the UK and explore key external and internal environmental factors of CCCU, gaining a greater understanding of their current position. From these analyses, strategic recommendations as to how universities such as CCCU can create a competitive advantage through a new form of flexible learning delivery.
brain-behavior studies relating individual differences in the measures of personality traits and behaviors to those in the iFC [

In addition to the essential features of autism spectrum disorder (ASD), namely social communication deficits and repetitive behaviors, individuals with ASD may suffer from working memory deficits and an altered default-mode network (DMN). We hypothesized that an altered DMN is related to working memory deficits in those with ASD. A total of 37 adolescents with ASD and 36 ageand IQ-matched typically developing (TD) controls were analyzed. Visuospatial working memory performance was assessed using pattern recognition memory (PRM), spatial recognition memory (SRM), and paired-associates learning (PAL) tasks. The intrinsic functional connectivity (iFC) of the DMN was indexed by the temporal correlations between the resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging signals of pairs of DMN regions, including those between the posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) and medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and between the PCC and parahippocampi (PHG). The corresponding structural connectivity of the DMN was indexed by the generalized fractional anisotropy (GFA) of the dorsal and ventral cingulum bundles on the basis of diffusion spectrum imaging data. The results showed that ASD adolescents exhibited delayed correct responses in PRM and SRM tasks and committed more errors in the PAL task than the TD controls did. The delayed responses during the PRM and SRM tasks were negatively correlated with bilateral PCC–mPFC iFCs, and PAL performance was negatively correlated with right PCC–PHG iFC in ASD adolescents. Furthermore, ASD adolescents showed significant lower GFA in the right cingulum bundles than the TD group did; the GFA value was negatively correlated with SRM performance in ASD. Our results provide empirical evidence for deficient visuospatial working memory and corresponding neural correlates within the DMN in adolescents with ASD. Autism Res 2016, 00: 000–000. VC 2016 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Traditional educational systems in Ethiopia: A pedagogical practices inquiry

Ethiopia is one of the oldest countries in the World, with about 3,000-years of history (Pankhurst, 1972; Teshome, 1979). The country had its own traditional system of education before the introduction of modern or Western type of education in 1908. However, since the beginning of socalled modern education in Ethiopia, the curriculum has been copied from western countries, according to historical facts. The curriculum lacked integration with indigenous knowledge rooted in Ethiopian communities’ cultural context. The Ethiopian Orthodox Church (4th c) and the Mosque (7th c) were also the institutions that provided education long before the introduction of modern schools into Ethiopia (Derebssa, 2008; Woube, 2004). These religious institutions have been responsible for the dissemination of Ethiopian traditional education and have played an important role in the development and preservation of the country’s culture and literate elite for thousands of years (Mohammed, 2012; Seyoum, 1996; Teshome, 1979). The Ethiopian Orthodox Church has well structured system of traditional education that provide education to Ethiopians equivalent to modern primary to university level education since it is founded in 330A.D. (Ephrem, 2013; Pankhurst, 1972). The primary level of church education(reading school) deals with the foundations of reading, writing, arithmetic, ethics and moral education where as the higher level of church education system (monastic university) was devoted to teaching subjects such as theology, philosophy, computation, history, Qene (poetry), and music. This traditional Church education system made Ethiopia to have the only ancient written scripts in sub-Saharan Africa and well-developed numerals system of its own. The Ethiopian Orthodox Church school system has different levels such as Nebab Bet (Reading school), Qedasse Bet (Liturgy school), Zema Bet (Music school), Qene Bet (Poetry school) and Metsehaf Bet (Literature school) divisions. Qene (poetry) school is one of the oldest and higher levels of church education, originated in the Aksumite Kingdom with the
Pixel-Level Analysis for Enhancing Threat Detection in Large-Scale X-ray Security Images

Threat detection in X-ray security images is critical for preserving public safety. Recently, deep learning algorithms have begun to be adopted for threat detection tasks in X-ray security images. However, most of the prior works in this field have largely focused on using image-level classification and object-level detection approaches. Adopting object separation as a pixel-level approach to analyze X-ray security images can significantly improve automatic threat detection. In this paper, we investigated the effects of incorporating segmentation deep learning models in the threat detection pipeline of a large-scale imbalanced X-ray dataset. We trained a Faster R-CNN (region-based convolutional neural network) model to localize possible threat regions in the X-ray security images on a balanced dataset to maximize detection of true positives. Then, we trained a DeepLabV3+ model to verify the preliminary detections by classifying each pixel in the threat regions, which resulted in the suppression of false positives. The two models were combined in one detection pipeline to produce the final detections. Experiment results demonstrate that the proposed method significantly outperformed previous baseline methods and end-to-end instance segmentation methods, achieving mean average precisions (mAPs) of 94.88%, 91.40%, and 89.42% across increasing scales of imbalance in the practical dataset.
Effects of Glutamine on Lymphocyte Proliferation and Intestinal Mucosal Immune Response in Heat-Stressed Broilers

To investigate the protective effect of glutamine (Gln) on lymphocyte proliferation and the intestinal mucosal immune response in heat-stressed broilers, 360 21-day-old Arbor Acres (AA) broilers were assigned to 4 groups in a completely randomized design, each of which included 6 replicates with 15 birds per replicate for 21 days. The chickens were fed a basal diet under no stress (NS group), a basal diet under heat stress (HT group), or a basal diet under heat stress with the addition of either 0.5 % or 1.0 % Gln. The results showed that the broilers in the HT group exhibited fewer proliferating peripheral lymphocytes, a lower growth performance, phagocytic rate and index of neutrophils, fewer goblet cells in whole intestine and intraepithelial lymphocyte (IEL) cells in the ileum, a lower sIgA content in the duodenum and the jejunum, a lower immunoglobulin content of serum and intestinal mucosa, than those of the NS group ( p <0.05) . Diets supplemented with Gln increased growth performance, the number of proliferating peripheral lymphocytes, the phagocytic rate and phagocytic index of neutrophils, the number of whole intestine goblet cells and ileum IEL cells, the sIgA contents of the duodenum and the jejunum, and the immunoglobulin contents of serum and intestinal mucosa ( p <0.05) in broilers exposed to HT. In conclusion, Gln can enhance intestinal immune function in broiler chickens by stimulating T and B lymphocyte proliferation, increasing the number of goblet cells and IEL cells, as well as increasing the content of sIgA and immunoglobulin secretion.
Inflammation neuroscience: neuro‐immune crosstalk and interfaces

Inflammation is a key process in antimicrobial defence and tissue repair, and failure to properly regulate inflammation can result in tissue damage and death. Neural circuits play important roles throughout the course of an inflammatory response, and the neurophysiological and molecular mechanisms are only partly understood. Here, we review key evidence for the neural regulation of inflammation and discuss emerging technologies to further map and harness this neurophysiology, a cornerstone in the rapidly evolving field of inflammation neuroscience.
Land Surface Temperature Retrieval Using High-Resolution Vertical Profiles Simulated by WRF Model

This work gives a first insight into the potential of the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model to provide high-resolution vertical profiles for land surface temperature (LST) retrieval from thermal infrared (TIR) remote sensing. WRF numerical simulations were conducted to downscale NCEP Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFSv2) reanalysis profiles, using two nested grids with horizontal resolutions of 12 km (G12) and 3 km (G03). We investigated the utility of these profiles for the atmospheric correction of TIR data and LST estimation, using the moderate resolution atmospheric transmission (MODTRAN) model and the Landsat 8 TIRS10 band. The accuracy evaluation was performed using 27 clear-sky cases over a radiosonde station in Southern Brazil. We included in the comparative analysis NASA’s Atmospheric Correction Parameter Calculator (ACPC) web-tool and profiles obtained directly from the NCEP CFSv2 reanalysis. The atmospheric parameters from ACPC, followed by those from CFSv2, were in better agreement with parameters calculated using in situ radiosondes. When applied into the radiative transfer equation (RTE) to retrieve LST, the best results (RMSE) were, in descending order: CFSv2 (0.55 K), ACPC (0.56 K), WRF G12 (0.79 K), and WRF G03 (0.82 K). Our findings suggest that there is no special need to increase the horizontal resolution of reanalysis profiles aiming at RTE-based LST retrieval. However, the WRF results were still satisfactory and promising, encouraging further assessments. We endorse the use of the well-known ACPC and recommend the NCEP CFSv2 profiles for TIR atmospheric correction and LST single-channel retrieval.
Global Magnetohydrodynamic Magnetosphere Simulation With an Adaptively Embedded Particle‐In‐Cell Model

We perform a geomagnetic event simulation using a newly developed magnetohydrodynamic with adaptively embedded particle‐in‐cell (MHD‐AEPIC) model. We have developed effective criteria to identify reconnection sites in the magnetotail and cover them with the PIC model. The MHD‐AEPIC simulation results are compared with Hall MHD and ideal MHD simulations to study the impacts of kinetic reconnection at multiple physical scales. At the global scale, the three models produce very similar SYM‐H and SuperMag Electrojet indexes, which indicates that the global magnetic field configurations from the three models are very close to each other. We also compare the ionospheric solver results and all three models generate similar polar cap potentials and field‐aligned currents. At the mesoscale, we compare the simulations with in situ Geotail observations in the tail. All three models produce reasonable agreement with the Geotail observations. At the kinetic scales, the MHD‐AEPIC simulation can produce a crescent shape distribution of the electron velocity space at the electron diffusion region, which agrees very well with MMS observations near a tail reconnection site. These electron scale kinetic features are not available in either the Hall MHD or ideal MHD models. Overall, the MHD‐AEPIC model compares well with observations at all scales, it works robustly, and the computational cost is acceptable due to the adaptive adjustment of the PIC domain. It remains to be determined whether kinetic physics can play a more significant role in other types of events, including but not limited to substorms.