Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effects of separately laser-induced metal vapor amounts on the stability of a TIG arc

Arc stability during welding can be improved by using a laser process and the associated implementation of a hybrid welding process. Various effects are assumed to be the causes of the process stabilization by the additional laser beam. To investigate the metal vapor influence in a more decoupled manner, the metal vapor in this study is generated by a laser beam guided on an external substrate. The laser beam axis is oriented horizontally and thus perpendicular to the simultaneously ignited arc between a TIG welding torch and a counter electrode. The amount of metal vapor is adjusted by varying the laser power. The laser process causes the arc voltage to increase with the amount of metal vapor. This implies an increasing electrical resistance, which affects arc stability.
Exploring Social Identity Complexity and the Possible Impact on Stereotype Threat

Stereotype threat is the fear of confirming as self-characteristic, a negative stereotype associated with a specific social identity that can hinder performance (Steele & Aronson, 1995). It is hypothesized that one way to protect against stereotype threat is to increase the availability of salient non-threatened identities (Croizet et al., 2001). Social identity complexity (SIC) is a theoretical construct that refers to the nature of the subjective representation of multiple ingroup identities (Brewer, 2008; Roccas & Brewer, 2002). The main hypothesis was that possessing a more complex social identity will provide protection against stereotype threat by providing increased availability of salient non-threatened identities. The findings of the three studies yielded contrasting results. With no consistent evidence, the conclusion is that there was too much variation introduced in the study due to the setting being largely removed from the stereotype relevant educational context. Additional analysis revealed that most African Americans indicated their race as the most or second most important aspect of their identity, indicating that racial identity is dominant and likely inextricably linked to their other identities. This finding suggests that the hypothesis of turning to another unthreatened identity is unlikely to ever buffer the effects of stereotype threat for African Americans when the identity under threat is their race. Ancillary analysis revealed self-affirmation to be effective in increasing test performance among African American participants, but this trend was the opposite for Latinx participants. Although these three studies could not definitively test the hypotheses, ancillary analyses revealed significant differences in identity attributable to race while controlling for survey location, suggesting that more research needs to be done to explore identity organization of racial minority members and how this impacts their experience of identity threat.
Thiemann complexifier in classical and quantum FLRW cosmology

In the context of Loop Quantum Gravity (LQG), we study the fate of Thiemann complexifier in homogeneous and isotropic FRW cosmology. The complexifier is the dilatation operator acting on the canonical phase space for gravity and generates the canonical transformations shifting the Barbero-Immirzi parameter. We focus on the closed algebra consisting in the complexifier, the 3d volume and the Hamiltonian constraint, which we call the CVH algebra. In standard cosmology, for gravity coupled to a scalar field, the CVH algebra is identified as a su(1,1) Lie algebra, with the Hamiltonian as a null generator, the complexifier as a boost and the su(1,1) Casimir given by the matter density. The loop gravity cosmology approach introduces a regularization length scale $\lambda$ and regularizes the gravitational Hamiltonian in terms of SU(2) holonomies. We show that this regularization is compatible with the CVH algebra, if we suitably regularize the complexifier and inverse volume factor. The regularized complexifier generates a generalized version of the Barbero's canonical transformation which reduces to the classical one when $\lambda \rightarrow 0$. This structure allows for the exact integration of the actions of the Hamiltonian constraints and the complexifier. This straightforwardly extends to the quantum level: the cosmological evolution is described in terms of SU(1,1) coherent states and the regularized complexifier generates unitary transformations. The Barbero-Immirzi parameter is to be distinguished from the regularization scale $\lambda$, it can be rescaled unitarily and the Immirzi ambiguity ultimately disappears from the physical predictions of the theory. Finally, we show that the complexifier becomes the effective Hamiltonian when deparametrizing the dynamics using the scalar field as a clock, thus underlining the deep relation between cosmological evolution and scale
Deep Fault‐Controlled Fluid Flow Driving Shallow Stratigraphically Constrained Gas Hydrate Formation: Urutī Basin, Hikurangi Margin, New Zealand

The Hikurangi Margin east of New Zealand's North Island hosts an extensive gas hydrate province with numerous gas hydrate accumulations related to the faulted structure of the accretionary wedge. One such hydrate feature occurs in a small perched upper‐slope basin known as Urutī Basin. We investigated this hydrate accumulation by combining a long‐offset seismic line (10‐km‐long receiver array) with a grid of high‐resolution seismic lines acquired with a 600‐m‐long hydrophone streamer. The long‐offset data enable quantitative velocity analysis, while the high‐resolution data constrain the three‐dimensional geometry of the hydrate accumulation. The sediments in Urutī Basin dip landward due to ongoing deformation of the accretionary wedge. These strata are clearly imaged in seismic data where they cross a distinct bottom simulating reflection (BSR) that dips counterintuitively in the opposite direction to the regional dip of the seafloor. BSR‐derived heat flow estimates reveal a distinct heat flow anomaly that coincides spatially with the upper extent of a landward‐verging thrust fault. We present a conceptual model of this gas hydrate system that highlights the roles of fault‐controlled fluid flow at depth merging into strata‐controlled fluid flow into the hydrate stability zone. The result is a layer‐constrained accumulation of concentrated gas hydrate in the dipping strata. Our study provides new insight into the interplay between deep faulting, fluid flow and gas hydrate formation within an active accretionary margin.
The Influence of IMF Clock Angle on Dayside Flux Transfer Events at Mercury

Analysis of MErcury Surface, Space ENvironment, GEochemistry, and Ranging (MESSENGER) data has shown for the first time that the orientation of the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) in the magnetosheath of Mercury plays a crucial role in the formation of flux transfer events (FTEs) at the dayside magnetopause. During the first 4 Hermean years of MESSENGER's orbit around Mercury, we have identified 805 FTEs using magnetometer data. Under conditions of near‐southward IMF, at least one FTE was detected on nearly 70% of passes through the magnetopause but the observation rate during northward IMF was less than 20%. FTEs were also observed preferentially in the prenoon sector.
Ethical Standards for Information Systems Professionals - 30 years after “A Case for a Unified Code”

Technological advances increasingly mark our society, but also bring with them unique ethical challenges. In 1992, a paper entitled “Ethical Standards for Information Systems Professionals: A Case for a Unified Code” by Effy Oz was published in MISQ. Since then, much has happened in the area of technologies and information systems. New business contexts, methodological approaches, technologies, applications, and many other changes have occurred, requiring a renewed attention to ethical concerns and warranting a revisiting of the theme 30 years later. This article follows the same structure and methodological approach as used in Effy Oz’s work, focusing on the current versions of the ethical codes of leading organizations. The objectives are as follows: (1) to reflect on the changes made to the codes over 30 years, (2) to examine whether the recommendations proposed in Oz’s original work are reflected in the current versions of the codes, and (3) to conclude if the need for a unified code of ethics still prevails. The results indicate that, depending on the organization, the impact of the “passage of time” on the codes was different; several recommendations — which are still valid — are not fully reflected in the documents, thus continuing the need for a unified code of ethics (albeit with some different characteristics from those identified three decades ago).
Attention and Fusion of Deep Representations for Computer Vision

ATTENTIONAND FUSIONOFDEEP REPRESENTATIONS FORCOMPUTERVISION Brendan Duke Advisor: University of Guelph, 2020 GrahamW. Taylor In this thesis by articles we make contributions related to attention and fusion at the intersection of the deep learning and computer vision fields. In our first article, we investigate the design of neural network operators that fuse features extracted from different modalities to make predictions on a single task. We propose a generalized class of multimodal fusion operators for visual question answering (VQA). We identify generalizations of existing multimodal fusion operators, and show that specific non-trivial instantiations of our operator exhibit superior performance in terms of open-ended accuracy on the VQA task. In our second article, we introduce Transformers to video object segmentation (VOS). We propose a scalable, end-to-end method for VOS called “Sparse Spatiotemporal Transformers” (SST) to address runtime, scalability and temporal dependency issues of prior work. We show that our method achieves competitive results on YouTube-VOS 2019 with increased scalability compared with the state of the art. iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to thank my advisor, Dr. Graham Taylor, and the rest of the MLRG lab for their mentorship and providing an environment where I could learn how to do research. I came to the University of Guelph without a research background. Dr. Taylor and the MLRG members were patient and allowed me to gradually find my own process for doing research, while providing helpful advice and discussions that continue through today. I am thankful that I had the opportunity to work with this group of bright, kind, motivated people and I hope our collaborations will continue into the future. I would also like to thank our academic collaborators from the Deep Vision project, who are fantastic role models for how to be good scientists. In particular I would like to thank Dr. ChristianWolf, whoprovided thoughtful insight and ideas about ourwork aswell as themachine learning and computer vision fields in general. Finally, I would like to thank Shannon Despond for her constant loving support throughout my studies.
Intensity Distribution in the Spectrum Of Molecular Light Scattering And Relaxation Effects In Liquids

The structure and shape of the spectral bands of orientational molecular scattering of light in toluene are analyzed. The possibility of their use for obtaining information about the features of interactions of molecules is revealed. It is shown that the observed scattering regularities can be explained, by basing on the mechanism of hindered rotation of the molecules with regard for the specific intermolecular interaction in toluene.
Groups as the union of proper subgroups.

In this seminar, we are going to analyze the minimal number of proper subgroups that can cover the entire finite group. In particular, we will be interested in proving two important theorems. The first one states that the finite solvable groups cannot be covered by less then p+1 proper subgroups, for some prime number p and some positive integer a. The second one proves that there are no finite groups such that this minimal number is equal to 7. References [1] M. J. Tomkinson, Groups as the union of proper subgroups, Math. Scand. 81, 1997; [2] J. H. E. Cohn, On n-sum groups, Math. Scand. 75, 1994. [3] K. Doerk and T. O. Hawkes, Finite Soluble Groups, De Gruyter Exp. in Math., 1992.
Linear Hypothesis Testing With Functional Data

ABSTRACT In real data analysis, it is often interesting to consider a general linear hypothesis testing (GLHT) problem for functional data, which includes the one-way ANOVA, post hoc, or contrast analysis as special cases. Existing tests for this GLHT problem include an L2-norm-based test and an F-type test but their theoretical properties have not been investigated. In addition, for functional one-way ANOVA, simulation studies in the literature indicate that they are less powerful than the globalizing pointwise F (GPF) test and the Fmax -test. The GPF and Fmax -test enjoy several other good properties. They are scale-invariant in the sense that their test statistics do not change if we multiply each of functional curves with a nonzero function of the observed locations. In this article, the GPF and Fmax -test are adapted to the above GLHT problem. Their theoretical properties, for example, root-n consistency as well as those of the L2-norm-based and F-type tests are established. Intensive simulation studies are carried out to compare the finite-sample behavior of the tests under consideration in scenarios reflecting various practical characteristics of functional data. Simulation results indicate that the GPF test has higher power than other tests when the functional data are less correlated, and the Fmax -test has higher power than other tests when the functional data are moderately or highly correlated. These results are also confirmed by application of the GPF and Fmax tests to the corneal surface data coming from medical industry. This application suggests the new methods may help to make more clear and sure decisions in practice. For a convenient application of the considered testing procedures, their implementation is developed in the R programming language. Supplementary materials for the article are available online.
Implantable Middle Ear Hearing Devices: A Review

Implantable middle ear hearing devices (IMEHDs) were developed in an effort to improve on the limitations of traditional hearing aids. The last few years have seen signiﬁcant advances in this technology with the emergence of several new devices, including fully implantable prostheses. As more patients are being implanted, experience with these devices has increased and reﬁnements have been made. The indications also have expanded to include patients with mixed hearing loss in addition to those with pure sensorineural hearing loss, with application of the transducer to either the ossicles or the oval or round window. Fully implantable devices also are gaining ground, although most of these are relatively new and are still in the early stages of clinical application. Each device has its speciﬁcs in terms of design, indications, and implantation. Clinical outcomes also have varied, with some devices not surviving early clinical trials. This article reviews the mechanical concepts and design of IMEHDs, as well as the design, indications, and latest outcomes of the IMEHDs currently available on the market.
HCV and HCC: Clinical Update and a Review of HCC-Associated Viral Mutations in the Core Gene

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a common cause of cancer-related mortality. The worldwide incidence of HCC and the hepatitis C virus (HCV) has increased over several decades suggesting an etiologic link. Progress has been made recently in several ﬁelds related speciﬁcally to HCV and HCC. The epidemiology has been better characterized, surveillance and treatment programs have been instituted, and data have emerged detailing the effect of other risk factors for HCC in patients with HCV. Studies of HCV-related HCC suggest differences in oncogenic potential according to genotype and mutations in the viral sequence. These same mutations are associated with interferon treatment failure, insulin resistance, and expression of HCV minicore proteins. These viral mutations provide a focus for investigations into the molecular basis of HCV-related oncogenesis, which may lead to improved diagnostic tests for early (curable) HCC and to interventions to prevent, and/or greatly retard, the oncogenic process.
MICROSTRUCTURAL LEVEL ANALYSIS OF EQUIVALENCE ABOVE WORD LEVEL IN THE TRANSLATION OF BROWN’S “INFERNO

This study entitled “Microstructural Level Analysis of Equivalence above Word Level in the Translation of Brown’s “Inferno”” aims to investigate the collocations and fixed expressions and idioms in the novel “Inferno” and the strategies used to translate them to Bahasa Indonesia. A qualitative research design was employed in this study. The sample of this study are 11 chapters in the novel Inferno. The data collected from the novel were classified according to their categories and strategies. Then, the data were presented and described by relating them to the theories. The findings of this study showed that 767 Equivalences Above Word Level were found in the sample consisting of 615 collocations and 152 fixed expressions and idioms. The collocation category which can be found the most is adjectives and nouns category because it is the most common collocation in the source language. In addition, fixed expressions tends to dominate in fixed expression and idiom category because in the source languge, fixed expressions are used more frequently than idiom. Furthermore, the most used strategy to translate collocations is by using similar meaning because the target language has enough similar lexical items to translate them while the most common way to translate fixed expressions and idioms is by using similar meaning but dissimilar form because in the target language the fixed expressions and idioms with the same meaning can be found but in a different form. ;--- Skripsi berjudul “Microstructural Level Analysis of Equivalence above Word Level in the Translation of Brown’s “Inferno”” ini bertujuan untuk menyelidiki kolokasi dan ekspresi tetap serta idiom dalam novel "Inferno" dan strategi yang digunakan untuk menerjemahkannya ke dalam bahasa Indonesia. Desain penelitian kualitatif digunakan dalam penelitian ini. Sampel penelitian ini adalah 11 bab dalam novel Inferno. Data yang dikumpulkan dari novel diklasifikasikan menurut kategori dan strategi masing-masing untuk kemudian disajikan dan dijelaskan dengan mengaitkannya kepada teori. Hasil penelitian menemukan 767 “ekuivalensi di atas tingkat kata” dalam sampel yang terdiri dari 615 kolokasi serta 152 ekspresi tetap dan idiom. Kategori kolokasi yang paling sering ditemukan adalah kategori kata sifat dan kata benda karena merupakan kolokasi yang paling umum dalam bahasa sumber. Selain itu, ekspresi tetap cenderung mendominasi dalam kategori ekspresi tetap dan idiom karena dalam bahasa sumber, ekspresi tetap digunakan lebih sering daripada idiom. Selain itu, strategi yang paling sering digunakan untuk menerjemahkan kolokasi adalah dengan menggunakan arti yang sama karena bahasa target memiliki item leksikal yang cukup untuk menerjemahkannya secara serupa sementara cara yang paling umum untuk menerjemahkan ekspresi tetap dan idiom adalah dengan menggunakan arti yang sama tetapi bentuk berbeda karena dalam bahasa target ekspresi tetap dan idiom dengan arti yang sama dapat ditemukan namun dalam bentuk yang berbeda.
Sound Localization by Cochlear Implant Users

Binaural cochlear implantation has become a fairly common phenomenon for adults and children. In addition, many monaural cochlear implant recipients use a hearing aid in the unimplanted ear. One of the rationales for these bilateral ﬁttings is to improve localization of sound sources, at least in the horizontal plane. Several studies have been published on localization using a remarkably wide range of stimuli, speaker arrays, and measurement variables. This article attempts to sort through the variables and ﬁnd commonalities in the research. It is clear that the majority of adults with bilateral cochlear implants are much better at horizontal localization with two implants compared with one, but their abilities do not reach those of normal-hearing listeners. The localization results for children and for bimodal (cochlear implant in one ear, hearing aid in the other) listeners are less clear, with some improvement over monaural listening, but not for all subjects.
Inference on semiparametric transformation model with general interval-censored failure time data

ABSTRACT Failure time data occur in many areas and in various censoring forms and many models have been proposed for their regression analysis such as the proportional hazards model and the proportional odds model. Another choice that has been discussed in the literature is a general class of semiparmetric transformation models, which include the two models above and many others as special cases. In this paper, we consider this class of models when one faces a general type of censored data, case K informatively interval-censored data, for which there does not seem to exist an established inference procedure. For the problem, we present a two-step estimation procedure that is quite flexible and can be easily implemented, and the consistency and asymptotic normality of the proposed estimators of regression parameters are established. In addition, an extensive simulation study is conducted and suggests that the proposed procedure works well for practical situations. An application is also provided.
Onset of global instability in low-density jets

In low-density axisymmetric jets, the onset of global instability is known to depend on three control parameters, namely the jet-to-ambient density ratio $S$ , the initial momentum thickness $\unicode[STIX]{x1D703}_{0}$ and the Reynolds number $Re$ . For sufficiently low values of $S$ and $\unicode[STIX]{x1D703}_{0}$ , these jets bifurcate from a steady state (a fixed point) to a self-excited oscillatory state (a limit cycle) when $Re$ increases above a critical value corresponding to the Hopf point, $Re_{H}$ . In the literature, this Hopf bifurcation is often regarded as supercritical. In this experimental study, however, we find that under some conditions, there exists a hysteretic bistable region at $Re_{SN}<Re<Re_{H}$ , where $Re_{SN}$ denotes a saddle-node point. This shows that, contrary to expectations, the Hopf bifurcation can also be subcritical, which we explore by evaluating the coefficients of a truncated Landau model. The existence of subcritical bifurcations implies the potential for triggering and the need for weakly nonlinear analyses to be performed to at least fifth order if one is to be able to predict saturation and bistability. We conclude by proposing a universal scaling for $Re_{H}$ in terms of $S$ and $\unicode[STIX]{x1D703}_{0}$ . This scaling, which is insensitive to the super/subcritical nature of the bifurcations, can be used to predict the onset of self-excited oscillations, providing further evidence to support Hallberg & Strykowski’s concept (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 569, 2006, pp. 493–507) of universal global modes in low-density jets.