Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Computational study and modeling of turbine spacing effects in infinite aligned wind farms

We study the turbine spacing effects in infinite, aligned wind-turbine arrays using large-eddy simulation(LES) with the wind turbine rotors parameterized as actuator disks. A series of simulations is carried out to systematically investigate the different effects of streamwise and spanwise turbine spacings on the array power output and turbulence intensities. We show that for the same turbine density, increasing the streamwise spacing is more beneficial than increasing the spanwise spacing. Larger streamwise turbine spacing increases the power extraction and lowers the turbulence intensity at each turbine more efficiently than when the spanwise turbine spacing is increased. The reason for the different effects of streamwise and spanwise turbine spacings on wind farm performance is that the wake recovery of wind turbines in infinite arrays depends on the area influenced by the wind-turbine wakes, rather than the land area occupied by each turbine. Based on this idea, an improved effective roughness height model is proposed, which can account for the different effects of streamwise and spanwise turbine spacings in infinite aligned wind farms. The predictive capabilities of the new model are demonstrated via extensive comparisons with results obtained from the LES and previously proposed roughness height models.
FORCED VIBRATIONS OF CIRCULAR PLATES: FROM PERIODIC TO CHAOTIC MOTIONS

e ∗ Unit´ e de M´ ecanique (UME) ENSTA-ParisTech Chemin de la Huni` ere ABSTRACT A numerical study of the transition from periodic to chaotic motions in forced vibrations of circular plates, is propose d. A pointwise harmonic forcing of constant excitation frequen cy Ω and increasing values of the amplitude is considered. Perfe ct and imperfect circular plates with a free edge are studied wi thin the von K´ arm´ an assumptions for large displacements (geometric non-linearity). The transition scenario is observed for di fferent excitation frequencies in the range of the first eigenfreque ncies of the plate. For perfect plate with no specific internal resona nce re- lationships, a direct transition to chaos is at hand. For imp erfect plate tuned so as to fulfill specific internal resonance relations, a coupling between internally resonant modes is first observ ed. The chaotic regime shows an attractor of large dimension, an d thus is studied within the framework of wave turbulence.
Blood is Thicker Than Water: Filial Piety and Grandtravel Experiences of Generation Z

ABSTRACT Influenced by increasing longevity and falling fertility rates worldwide, the growing popularity of grandtravel (grandparent-grandchild travel) provides family tourism research with a promising opportunity to unpack the nexus between tourism and the ever-changing family structures. In response to extant research’s call for further insights into grandtravel experiences shaped by distinct cultural contexts, the current interpretive study sought to explore the perceptions of Generation Z (Gen Z) around filial piety and their influences on grandtravel experiences. The research involved 30 in-depth interviews undertaken with Chinese adult grandchildren who had previously traveled with their grandparents, and it identifies the impact of filial piety on participants’ expectations and activities, and the satisfaction derived from their grandtravel experiences. It also highlights the significance of the role played by social media, and that of the (non-) presence of middle generations during Gen Z’s grandtravel. By doing so, the current study advances a broad, non-western understanding of adult grandchildren’s tourism experiences during grandtravel, and extends the scope of Chinese filial piety in family tourism literature beyond the parent-child dynamic. The findings also provide useful implications for grandtravel management and marketing, by underscoring the positive filial engagement between grandchildren and grandparents, as well as the preferences of senior tourists.
A Cross-Cultural Genre Analysis of Leadership Statements in Italian and American University Sustainability Reports

Background: Sustainability is becoming an increasingly important issue in higher education (HE). Leadership statements in university sustainability reports (LSUSR) represent a unique genre for university leaders to communicate sustainability. This study aims to demystify the genre so that future leadership statements might be crafted with a greater degree of reflexivity. Literature review: Sustainability discourse in HE has been regarded as a legitimacy tool and an opportunity for image improvement for universities. Some studies have examined university sustainability reports, whereas there is a lack of studies focusing on the section of leadership statements. Research question: Are there any cross-cultural similarities or differences in terms of rhetorical moves and communicative purposes between the Italian LSUSR genre and the American LSUSR genre? Research methodology: Using cross-cultural genre analysis, this study investigates the rhetorical moves of leadership statements produced by Italian and American universities. A move scheme is established and is used to annotate the sample texts. Results and conclusion: The findings show that although the Italian and American LSUSR genres share the communicative purpose of establishing a sustainable image, the degree of discourse force exerting on this communicative purpose varies. The image-building discourse force appears to be more noticeable in the American leadership statements, which tend to use a wider range and a larger quantity of image-improving moves. The Italian subcorpus, on the other hand, seems to pay more attention to the genre function of report-introducing, which is not explicitly linked to image improvement. This article suggests that practitioners could consider the potentials of the LSUSR genre in developing an institutional culture of sustainability.
A New Residual Generation-Based Fault Estimation Approach for Cyber-Physical Systems

This article investigates the problem of data-driven actuator fault estimation for cyber-physical systems (CPSs). First, a stable kernel representation (SKR)-based residual generator is constructed to achieve online detection for actuator fault using the system inputs–outputs (I/O) data. Then an iterative learning fault estimation (ILFE) algorithm is designed to reconstruct the actuator fault in real time. The proposed method realizes the actuator fault estimation when the model parameters are unknown, which avoids much time spent in the modeling process. Moreover, compared with the existing model-based approaches, the presented method still has better transient performance, steady-state performance, and computational efficiency, which is more suitable for the fault identification of practical control systems. Finally, the application to a servo motor demonstrates the superiority of the designed fault estimation method.
Liver Microbiome in Healthy Rats: The Hidden Inhabitants of Hepatocytes

The tumor and tissue microbiota of human beings have recently been investigated. Gut permeability is known as a possible resource for the positive detection of tissue bacteria. Herein, we report that microbiota were detected in high abundance in the hepatocytes of healthy rats and that they were shared with the gut microbiota to an extent. We assessed male Sprague Dawley (SD) rats for the 16S ribosomal ribonucleic acid (rRNA) gene. After the rats were sacrificed by blood drainage from the portal vein, we extracted total deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) from their ileal and colonic contents and liver tissues. The V3–V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene was amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequenced using an Illumina HiSeq 2500 platform. Sequences were assigned taxonomically by the SILVA database. We also detected bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and lipoteichoic acid (LTA) in situ using immunofluorescence (IF) and western blotting and the 16S rRNA gene using fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH). In the livers of six rats, we detected 54,867.50 ± 6450.03 effective tags of the 16S rRNA gene and clustered them into 1003 kinds of operational taxonomic units (OTUs; 805.67 ± 70.14 , 729–893). Rats showed conservation of bacterial richness, abundance, and evenness. LPS and the 16S rRNA gene were detected in the nuclei of hepatocytes. The main function composition of the genomes of annotated bacteria was correlated with metabolism ( 79.92 ± 0.24 % ). Gram negativity was about 1.6 times higher than gram positivity. The liver microbiome was shared with both the small and large intestines but showed significantly higher richness and evenness than the gut microbiome, and the β-diversity results showed that the liver microbiome exhibited significantly higher similarity than the small and large intestines ( P < 0.05 ). Our results suggest that the bacteria in the liver microbiome are hidden intracellular inhabitants in healthy rat livers.
Analysis of Yield Components on Seed Yield in F4 Families of Rice (Oryza sativa L.)

The experiment was conducted in a population comprising 30 F4 families of rice (Oryza sativa L.) derived from 15 different crosses. The effects of 10 yield components viz., plant height, panicle length, flag leaf area, panicle number, number of primary and secondary branches panicle-1, spikelet number panicle-1, spikelet ferilty per cent, 100-grain weight, grain yield panicle-1 on grain yield plant-1 were studied. Association studies indicated that correlations of grain yield with primary branches panicle-1, secondary branches panicle-1, number of spikelet and grain yield panicle-1 were positive and significant at both genotypic and phenotypic levels. Path analyses at both genotypic and phenotypic revealed that the direct selection for primary branches panicle-1 and secondary branches panicle-1 with restricted selection for number of panicles, length for panicle and 100-grain weight will increase the yield of rice in the population under study comprising F4 families of rice.
Factors That Control the Force Needed to Unfold a Membrane Protein in Silico Depend on the Mode of Denaturation

Single-molecule force spectroscopy methods, such as AFM and magnetic tweezers, have proved extremely beneficial in elucidating folding pathways for soluble and membrane proteins. To identify factors that determine the force rupture levels in force-induced membrane protein unfolding, we applied our near-atomic-level Upside molecular dynamics package to study the vertical and lateral pulling of bacteriorhodopsin (bR) and GlpG, respectively. With our algorithm, we were able to selectively alter the magnitudes of individual interaction terms and identify that, for vertical pulling, hydrogen bond strength had the strongest effect, whereas other non-bonded protein and membrane–protein interactions had only moderate influences, except for the extraction of the last helix where the membrane–protein interactions had a stronger influence. The up–down topology of the transmembrane helices caused helices to be pulled out as pairs. The rate-limiting rupture event often was the loss of H-bonds and the ejection of the first helix, which then propagated tension to the second helix, which rapidly exited the bilayer. The pulling of the charged linkers across the membrane had minimal influence, as did changing the bilayer thickness. For the lateral pulling of GlpG, the rate-limiting rupture corresponded to the separation of the helices within the membrane, with the H-bonds generally being broken only afterward. Beyond providing a detailed picture of the rupture events, our study emphasizes that the pulling mode greatly affects the factors that determine the forces needed to unfold a membrane protein.
Motion-Dependent Excitation Mechanisms in a Square In-Line Tube Bundle Subject to Water Cross-Flow: An Experimental Modal Analysis

Abstract A series of experiments has been conducted on a square in-line tube array subjected to water cross-flow. Three configurations have been tested. In the first one, a single flexible tube was positioned in the middle of an array of rigid cylinders; in the second one, a single flexible tube was positioned in the first row of an array of rigid cylinders; in the third one, the first three rows of the array were flexible, the other cylinders being rigid. Tube response measurements were analysed by the IMENE and MEIDEE methods. IMENE is a multi-degree-of-freedom parametric method for modal identification. It is specially suited to flow-induced vibration analysis. It provides modal parameter variations with flow velocity (i.e., both resonance frequency and damping ratio evolutions). Using these results, MEIDEE achieves an indirect estimation of motion-dependent fluid forces. The results of these analyses are compared to previously published results and to theoretical modal parameter variations with flow velocity, obtained with a slightly extended version of the Lever-Weaver analytical model.
Forecasting Table Beet Root Yield Using Spectral and Textural Features from Hyperspectral UAS Imagery

New York state is among the largest producers of table beets in the United States, which, by extension, has placed a new focus on precision crop management. For example, an operational unmanned aerial system (UAS)-based yield forecasting tool could prove helpful for the efficient management and harvest scheduling of crops for factory feedstock. The objective of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of predicting the weight of table beet roots from spectral and textural features, obtained from hyperspectral images collected via UAS. We identified specific wavelengths with significant predictive ability, e.g., we down-select >200 wavelengths to those spectral indices sensitive to root yield (weight per unit length). Multivariate linear regression was used, and the accuracy and precision were evaluated at different growth stages throughout the season to evaluate temporal plasticity. Models at each growth stage exhibited similar results (albeit with different wavelength indices), with the LOOCV (leave-one-out cross-validation) R2 ranging from 0.85 to 0.90 and RMSE of 10.81–12.93% for the best-performing models in each growth stage. Among visible and NIR spectral regions, the 760–920 nm-wavelength region contained the most wavelength indices highly correlated with table beet root yield. We recommend future studies to further test our proposed wavelength indices on data collected from different geographic locations and seasons to validate our results.
Risk Factors for Keratoconus Progression in Children Compared with Young and Middle-aged Adults

Abstract Background To investigate the risk factors for keratoconus progression in children (10 – 18 years old; age group 1) compared to young adults (19 – 35 years old; age group 2) and middle-aged adults (36 – 55 years old; age group 3). Patients/Methods Ninety-seven children, 445 young adults, and 342 middle-aged adults underwent total ophthalmic examination including clinical refraction, slit lamp examination, corneal tomography, eye biometry, and biomechanical properties measurements. Comparisons were assessed among three age groups and between progressive and nonprogressive eyes. Logistic regression was applied to determine the potential prognostic factors for keratoconus progression in the three age groups. Results Univariate logistic regression analysis show that the most prominent factors associated with progression were corneal posterior vertical radius (RVP), eye rubbing (RUB), slit lamp corneal thinning (SLT), contact lens use (CL), and central corneal thickness (CCT) in all age groups. Additionally, the anterior chamber volume (ACV) and keratoconus match index (KMI) were associated with progression in age group 1. Location of the thinnest corneal thickness at the vertical axis (TCTy), distance from apex to the thinnest point (BADISTAPEX), scissor reflection in retinoscopy (SKIAREFLEX), and Vogt striae were associated with progression in age group 2, and TCTy, anterior and posterior asphericity (ASPA and ASPP, respectively), BADISTAPEX, SKIAREFLEX, and Vogt striae were associated with progression in age group 3. The multivariate model with the highest predictability indicated RVP, ACV, and SLT as independent determinants of progression in age group 1 (AUC: 90%, sensitivity: 88.9%, specificity: 90.9%), RVP, ACV, SLT, and SKIAREFLEX in group 2 (AUC: 81.6%, sensitivity 88.5%, specificity: 70.3%), and RVP, SLT, Vogt striae, and CL in age group 3 (AUC: 80%, sensitivity 82.8%, specificity: 73%). Conclusion ACV and KMI seem to play a major role in the progression of pediatric KC compared to adults. This is probably due to different anatomical and biomechanical characteristics of a childʼs eye globe.
Breakdown of the band-gap-common-cation rule: The origin of the small band gap of InN

It is well accepted that the band gap of a semiconductor compound increases as the atomic number decreases. However, recent measurements of the small band gap of InN ${(E}_{g}\ensuremath{\sim}0.9\mathrm{eV})$ suggest that this rule may not hold for the common-cation In compounds. Using a band-structure method that includes band-gap correction, we systematically study the chemical trends of the band-gap variation in III-V semiconductors. The calculated InN band gap is $0.85\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.1\mathrm{eV},$ much smaller than previous experimental value of $\ensuremath{\sim}1.9\mathrm{eV}. $ The InN band-gap anomaly is explained in terms of atomic-orbital energies and the band-gap deformation potentials.
Detection of Water Ice in Edge-on Protoplanetary Disks: HK Tauri B and HV Tauri C

We report the first detection of 3 μm water ice absorption in a protoplanetary disk. Low-resolution spectroscopy with Subaru IRCS was carried out for two T Tauri stars with an edge-on disk, HK Tau B and HV Tau C. A 3 μm deep water ice absorption (τ ≥ 1) toward both objects was detected. Contribution by foreground cloud material to the ice absorption should be small, since AV ≤ 3 toward HK Tau A and HV Tau A, HV Tau B. Although HV Tau C is reported to have a small amount of envelope material, its mass is insufficient to produce the large optical depth of the detected water ice. In addition, HK Tau B does not have any significant envelope mass. Therefore, the water ice exists inside the disks of these objects. The optical depth profile of the water ice absorption in the protoplanetary disks does not show any significant difference from those of protostellar sources. The water ice optical depth for HV Tau C showed a large variation (Δτ = 0.59) in two observing epochs separated by 2.32 yr. Assuming the ice absorption comes from a spherical cloud at 100 AU and Keplerian rotation, it suggests that a Pluto mass gas and dust cloud with a size of 1.4 AU may have passed by the line of sight. The lack of variability of the continuum level of HV Tau C at the two epochs implies that the dust grains with an icy mantle are segregated from the grains without an icy mantle.
Synthesis of novel heterocyclic compounds bearing tetralin moiety of potential anticancer activity targeting the intrinsic apoptotic pathway

Abstract This study deals with the readily reaction of the enaminone derivative 3 with different reagents to give the corresponding pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridine, pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine, pyrazole, pyrazolopyridazine, dienamide, and pyranone derivatives. In-vitro cytotoxic screening was performed for all analogs against several human cancer cell lines. Compound 21 showed significant anti-breast cancer activity and a safety profile against the normal human cell lines (BJ-1). Furthermore, compound 21 was chosen as a representative example to study its potential apoptotic mechanism in the MCF-7 cancer cell line. It enhanced DNA fragmentation alongside its characteristic effect on tubulin polymerization. In addition, compound 21 up-regulated the pro-apoptotic Bax protein, decreased the Bcl-2 anti-apoptotic protein, and increased p53 and Caspase-7 levels confirming its mitochondrial intrinsic apoptotic activation. Graphical Abstract
To be or not to be stressed: Designing autonomy to reduce stress at work

BACKGROUND: Many organizations are undertaking efforts to reduce the stress of (oftentimes overworked) employees. Information Technology (IT) (e.g., smartphones) has the potential to be a key instrument for reducing stress. One design-relevant factor considered to reduce stress is the concept of autonomy. Unfortunately, little research exists using autonomy as a characteristic of technology design. OBJECTIVE: Against this background, this study aimed to investigate specific autonomy-related design options with the potential to prevent stress. METHODS: In a factorial survey, this experimental study tested three design options in an overwork scenario: 1) autonomy (no intervention by design), 2) nudge (“nudging” by design), and 3) enforcement (hard stop by design). 51 participants (mean age 38 years, 50% women, mean work experience 18 years) from the Netherlands, United Kingdom, United States of America, and Germany participated in the experiment for 330 seconds on average. To test our hypothesis, we used a two-step approach. First, a multiple linear regression was applied. Second, we carried out a one-way ANCOVA comparing the effects of our design options. RESULTS: Our results indicate that autonomy can be manipulated through technology design and is negatively correlated with stress. Additionally, the design options autonomy and nudge were associated with lower levels of perceived stress than was enforcement. CONCLUSION: The study proposes a careful use of IT and policies that limit the perceived autonomy of employees. Overall, this study offers a set of design recommendations arguing that organizations should implement technology that helps employees prevent overwork and maintain their autonomy.
Diverse Lava Flow Morphologies in the Stratigraphy of the Jezero Crater Floor

We present a combined geomorphologic, multispectral, and geochemical analysis of crater floor rocks in Jezero crater based on data obtained by the Mast Camera Zoom and SuperCam instruments onboard the NASA Mars 2020 Perseverance rover. The combined data from this analysis together with the results of a comparative study with geologic sites on Earth allows us to interpret the origins of rocks exposed along the Artuby ridge, a ∼900 m long scarp of lower Máaz formation rocks. The ridge exposes rocks belonging to two morphologically distinct members, Artuby and Rochette, both of which have basaltic composition and are spectrally indistinguishable in our analysis. Artuby rocks consist of morphologically distinct units that alternate over the ridge, bulbous, hummocky, layers with varying thicknesses that in places appear to have flowed over underlying strata, and sub‐planar thinner laterally continuous layers with variable friability. The Rochette member has a massive appearance with pronounced pitting and sub‐horizontal partings. Our findings are most consistent with a primary igneous emplacement as lava flows, through multiple eruptions, and we propose that the thin layers result either from preferential weathering, interbedded ash/tephra layers, ʻaʻā clinker layers, or aeolian deposition. Our analyses provide essential geologic context for the Máaz formation samples that will be returned to Earth and highlight the diversity and complexity of geologic processes on Mars not visible from orbit.