Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
SOCIAL PROTECTION AND EMPLOYMENT IN AFRICA’S AGRICULTURAL SECTOR

Social protection is increasingly becoming a powerful tool for enhancing productivity and employment and is, therefore, important for Africa’s agricultural transformation. Thus, this study aims at examining how Africa’s agricultural sector can be transformed through social protection policies and programmes for employment. It applies the Feasible Generalised Least Squares (FGLS) econometric method on a panel of 38 African countries with the data sourced from the Country Policy and Institutional Assessment (CPIA) and World Development Indicators (WDI) for the period 2005–2017. The results from the study show that social protection has a positive impact on employment outcomes through various channels such as building human resource, equity in the use of public resources, social inclusion, among others. The study concludes by recommending that the governments of African countries should implement effective social protection programmes and policies in the agricultural sector in form of insurance, in-kind and cash support, among others to make farming attractive, thereby increasing employment and productivity.
DESCRIBING FACTORS AFFECTING BIRTH WEIGHT AND GROWTH TRAITS IN HEMSIN LAMBS USING DECISION TREE METHODS

The main goal of this study was to determine the best decision tree algorithm in order to determine the effects of the birth type, herd type, main age, pasture type, sex and lamb color variables in the Hemsin lambs. These data, taken during certain periods of the Hemsin lambs, were subjected to simulation. The obtained data were evaluated by Classification and Regression Tree (CART), Boosting, Bagging (Bag) and Random Forest (RF) Decision Tree Algorithms. The best model of lamb birth weight, with the lowest Error Squares Mean (MSE) = 0.469, with the lowest Mean Absolute Error (MAE) = 0,471 with Random Forest and the lowest Symmetric Percentage Mean Absolute Error (SMAPE) = 3,63 The best model according to daily live weight increases of lambs, the lowest MSE (3620.67), MAE (4878.71) and SMAPE(4.80) values formed by Random Forest algorithm and the best model according to the daily live weight gain constructed by Random Forest (RF) algorithm. It was determined that the Bagging algorithm with the lowest MSE (970.09), MAE (1362.65) and SMAPE (3.03) was formed. Theachieved results showed that the best algorithm was Random Forest, follewed by Bagging algorithm.
Angioleiomyoma in the Facies Inferior Linguae: A Rare Case and a Literature Review

Angioleiomyoma rarely occurs in the oral cavity, and it is extremely rare for this tumor to occur in the facies inferior linguae. We describe an exceptional angioleiomyoma that presented in the right facies inferior linguae in an obese 51-year-old female with hepatopathy. MRI showed high signal on T2-weighted image and the clear visualization of muscle and iso-signal on T1-weighted image. We excised the tumor under general anaesthesia as the clinical diagnosis of benign tongue tumor. The tumor was covered with a capsule, and the split surface was yellowish white. Hematoxylin-eosin staining revealed that the wide, spindle-shaped cells with eosinophilic cytoplasm had a bundle-like and complex array, and slit-like blood vessels with branching were scattered. The smooth muscle of the blood vessel wall was observed to have grown. Immunohistochemical staining was positive for αSMA, HHF-35 and caldesmon, somewhat positive for desmin, and negative for CD31, CD34, S100 and Ki-67. The tumor was finally diagnosed as angioleiomyoma. We review the literature’s case reports of angioleiomyoma of the tongue. Chronic estrogen metabolism abnormality due to liver dysfunction may have been the cause of this tumor. This case suggests that MRI imaging and immunohistochemical analysis are useful for the diagnosis of this tumor.
Ectopic pregnancy in Rivers State University Teaching Hospital, Port Harcourt, southern Nigeria: a five- year review

Ectopic pregnancy remains a dire gynaecological emergency associated with increased morbidity and mortality if not diagnosed and managed promptly. The incidence is increasing among women of reproductive age, and of public health importance. To determine the incidence, yearly trend, common risk factors, clinical presentations, mode and outcome of management of ectopic pregnancy in Rivers State University Teaching Hospital (RSUTH). This is a retrospective study of all cases of ectopic pregnancy managed at RSUTH from 1st January, 2015 to 31st December, 2019. Data was analysed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) IBM version 25.0 (Armonk, NY). Over the study period, there were 13,516 deliveries, 8863 gynaecological admissions, and 279 cases of ectopic pregnancy managed. The incidence of ectopic pregnancy in RSUTH is 2.1% (21/1000 deliveries) or 1 in 47 deliveries. Ectopic pregnancy accounts for 3.2% or 32 per 1000 gynaecological admissions. The mean age of patients was 29.1 SD 5.8 years, (95% CI, 28.5 to 29.8). Majority of the patients 272 (97.5%) and 139 (69.8%) had tubal ectopic pregnancy and tertiary level of education respectively. Tubal pregnancy occurred more on the right tube 176 (63%) compared to left tube 102 (37%). The commonest treatment option was unilateral salpingectomy 276 (98.9%). The mean duration of operation for ectopic pregnancy was 51.3 SD 18.2 minutes, (95% CI, 49.1 to 53.41). Ectopic pregnancy is common and of increasing trend in our setting. Most of the patients presented late with ruptured ectopic pregnancy and its complications. Improved health seeking behaviour, early diagnosis and prompt treatment would improve clinical outcome.
A Brief Version of the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS): Validity Evidence in Ecuadorian Population

Abstract. Due to the scarcity of evaluation instruments on the construct of diﬃculties in emotional regulation in the Ecuadorian university context, the objective of the present study was to adapt linguistically and to study the psychometric properties of the Diﬃculty Scale in Emotional Regulation (DERS) in a sample of Ecuadorian university students. A non-probability sample of 1172 participants between 17 and 32 years of age (M = 21.99; DT = 2.49), which consisted of 58.6% women and 41.4% men, was used. The research was carried out in three stages. The first study evaluated the Ecuadorian linguistic adaptation of the scale. The second study referred to the factorization by main axes identifying five factors (Lack of emotional understanding; Limited access to regulation strategies; Diﬃculties in impulse control; Interferences in goal-directed behaviors; Lack of emotional clarity) theoretically interpretable, which explain 49.22% of the variance. The third study developed a confirmatory factor analysis that specified an acceptable fit of the model (GFI = .95; AGFI = .95; NFI = .94; RMR = .11). The reliability coeﬃcients are acceptable as . 90 Cronbach’s alpha and . 91 McDonald’s omega. In conclusion, it is mentioned that the Ecuadorian version of the DERS in a university sample exhibits good psychometric characteristics of internal structure and responses.
Projecting Changes in Mean and Extreme Precipitation Over Eastern China During 2041–2060

This report summarizes the preliminary analysis of the PRECIS 2.0 simulation results, with an emphasis on the priority concerns of Shanghai municipal government and other local governments in the Yangtze River Delta (YRD) Region, and research gaps in the literature. This study employs two regional climate models (RCMs) that are the Providing REgional Climate Impacts for Studies (PRECIS) and Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF), being driven by HadGEM2‐ES and IPSL‐CM5A, two global circulation models (GCMs) from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5), to investigate the impact of global warming on the characteristics of mean and extreme precipitation over Eastern China. The capacity of two RCMs and its driving GCMs in reproducing the historical climate during the baseline period (1981–2000) are first evaluated, and then the projections of mean and extreme precipitation over future warming climate period (2041–2060) under the scenarios of the Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs) 4.5 and 8.5 are carried out. Our analysis shows that with the improved resolution and better representation of finer‐scale physical processes, WRF and PRECIS downscaling displays obvious advantages over their driving GCMs (IPSL and HadGEM, respectively) in the validation runs. In particular, the two RCMs are able to capture the observed features of spatial distributions of extreme precipitation indices including V95p, R95t, and SDII. The future projections indicate that increased radiative forcing from RCP4.5 to RCP8.5 emission scenarios would add further strength to the daily precipitation intensity by 2041–2060.
CSF biomarkers in multiple sclerosis: beyond neuroinflammation

For many years, quantifiable biomarkers in neurological diseases have represented a hot topic. In multiple sclerosis (MS), cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers have played a diagnostic role since the introduction of Poser’s criteria in 1983, with IgG oligoclonal bands playing a supporting role in an epoch prior to magnetic resonance imaging and a complementary one after the introduction of McDonald criteria in 2001. Nowadays, that supporting role has turned into a main one in substituting for dissemination in time and defining the diagnosis of MS in patients with a first clinical event, according to the 2017 revised McDonald criteria. Possibly kappa free light chains, N-CAM, chitinase 3-like protein 1 and IgM oligoclonal bands, not yet implemented in clinical practice, could similarly gain importance in the near future. Furthermore, the increasing knowledge of molecular mechanisms leading to chronic inflammation has enhanced interest in looking for biomarkers of disease activity, better defining the MS phenotype and patients with highly active disease. Accordingly, myelin proteins, intermediate filaments, metalloproteinases and other molecules involved in the inflammatory cascade, are currently under investigation. Finally, it has long been known that axonal loss occurs from the early phases, leading to a progressive neurological deterioration. Since established criteria to assess treatment failure and transition to progressive forms are still lacking, both treatment response and prognostic biomarkers would be useful to predict MS course, and neurofilaments seem to have this potential. The purpose of this review article was to illustrate biomarkers that have been already validated or require further validation after proving to be useful in exploratory studies and potentially could prove useful in clinical practice in the coming years.
Biofortification and Human Health

Micronutrient deficiency is known as ―hidden hunger‖ and affect one in three people worldwide (FAO, 2013). Micronutrient deficiencies may lead to serious illnesses. For example, it could lead to poor growth, intellectual impairments, prenatal complications, and risk of morbidity and mortality (Bailey et al., 2015). Also, they aggravate infectious diseases including osteoporosis osteomalacia, thyroid deficiency, colorectal cancer, and cardiovascular diseases and thus greatly impact quality of life (Tulchinsky, 2010).
Cytogenetic studies on six species of the leuciscine genus Pseudophoxinus Bleeker, 1860 (Teleostei, Cyprinidae)

Abstract A study of the cytogenetics of Pseudophoxinus battalgilae Bogutskaya, 1997, P. burduricus Küçük, Gülle, Güçlü, Çiftçi & Erdoğan, 2013, P. egridiri (Karaman, 1972), P. evliyae Freyhof & Özuluğ, 2009, P. fahrettini Freyhof & Özuluğ, 2009 and P. maeandri (Ladiges, 1960) was conducted by means of Giemsa staining, C- and AgNOR-banding procedures. Diploid chromosome numbers of analyzed species were found to be the same (2n = 50) but their karyotypes formulae were different. For all species examined, the largest chromosome pair of the complements was subtelo-acrocentric. Heteromorphic sex chromosomes were not detected in any of the studied species. C-bands were found on the centromeres of several chromosomes in all studied species. NORs were detected in one pair of submetacentric chromosomes in P. burduricus, P. egridiri and P. fahrettini, and in two pairs of submetacentric chromosomes in P. battalgilae, P. evliyae and P. maeandri. Further, NOR polymorphisms were observed in some specimens of P. battalgilae, P. burduricus, P. evliyae and P. fahrettini for number, location and size. This study may contribute to other leuciscine cytogenetic studies.
Halogen activation in the plume of Masaya volcano: field observations and box model investigations

Abstract. Volcanic emissions are a source of halogens in the atmosphere. Rapid reactions convert the initially emitted hydrogen halides (HCl, HBr, and HI) into reactive species such as BrO, Br2, BrCl, ClO, OClO, and IO. The activation reaction mechanisms in the plume consume ozone (O3), which is entrained by ambient air that is mixed into the plume. In this study, we present observations of the oxidation of bromine, chlorine, and iodine during the first 11 min following emission, examining the plume from Santiago crater of the Masaya volcano in Nicaragua. Two field campaigns were conducted: one in July 2016 and one in September 2016. The sum of the reactive species of each halogen was determined by gas diffusion denuder sampling followed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis, whereas the total halogens and sulfur concentrations were obtained by alkaline trap sampling with subsequent ion chromatography (IC) and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) measurements. Both ground and airborne sampling with an unoccupied aerial vehicle (carrying a denuder sampler in combination with an electrochemical SO2 sensor) were conducted at varying distances from the crater rim. The in situ measurements were accompanied by remote sensing observations (differential optical absorption spectroscopy; DOAS). The reactive fraction of bromine increased from 0.20 ± 0.13 at the crater rim to 0.76 ± 0.26 at 2.8 km downwind, whereas chlorine showed an increase in the reactive fraction from (2.7 ± 0.7) × 10−4 to (11 ± 3) × 10−4 in the first 750 m. Additionally, a reactive iodine fraction of 0.3 at the crater rim and 0.9 at 2.8 km downwind was measured. No significant change in BrO / SO2 molar ratios was observed with the estimated age of the observed plume ranging from 1.4 to 11.1 min. This study presents a large complementary data set of different halogen compounds at Masaya volcano that allowed for the quantification of reactive bromine in the plume of Masaya volcano at different plume ages. With the observed field data, a chemistry box model (Chemistry As A Boxmodel Application Module Efficiently Calculating the Chemistry of the Atmosphere; CAABA/MECCA) allowed us to reproduce the observed trend in the ratio of the reactive bromine to total bromine ratio. An observed contribution of BrO to the reactive bromine fraction of about 10 % was reproduced in the first few minutes of the model run.
Mapping the Pathways to Staphylococcal Pathogenesis by Comparative Secretomics PATHWAYS FOR STAPHYLOCOCCAL PROTEIN TRANSPORT

identify possible Tat substrates for 84 diverse prokaryotes, using the TATFIND 1.2 program. Their study included S. aureus Mu50, MW2, and N315. Two potential Tat substrates of unknown function were predicted for S. aureus Mu50 and MW2, and of was also predicted for S. aureus N315 both proteins are conserved in all sequenced S. strains, the N315 strain. of the pre-V
Comment on Estimating the depth and evolution of intrusions at resurgent calderas: Los Humeros (Mexico) by Urbani et al. (2020)

A multiple shallow-seated magmatic intrusion model has been proposed by Urbani et al. (2020) for the resurgence of the Los Potreros caldera floor, in the Los Humeros volcanic complex (LHVC). This model predicts (1) the occurrence of localized bulges in the otherwise undeformed caldera floor, and (2) that the faults corresponding to different bulges exhibit different spatial and temporal evolution. Published data and a morphological analysis show that these two conditions are not met at Los Potreros caldera. A geothermal well (H4), located at the youngest supposed bulge (Loma Blanca) for which Urbani et al. (2020) calculated an intrusion depth (425± 170 m), does not show any thermal and lithological evidence of such a shallowseated cryptodome. Finally, published stratigraphic data and radiometric dating disprove the proposed common genesis of Holocene resurgence faulting and viscous lavas extruded in the centre of the caldera. Even if recent shallow intrusions do exist in the area, published data indicate that the pressurization of the LHVC magmatic–hydrothermal system driving resurgence faulting occurs at greater depth. Thus, we suggest that the model and calculation proposed by Urbani et al. (2020) are unlikely to have any relevance to the location, age and emplacement depth of magma intrusions driving resurgence at the Los Potreros caldera.
A Comparative Study of Effect of Glucose on the Lateral Phoria of Myopes and Hyperopes

Phoria is a misalignment of the eyes that only appears when binocular viewing is broken. This study was carried out to compare the effect of glucose on the lateral phoria of myopes and hyperopes. Clinical tests conducted on the subjects include taking their case history, visual acuity, external eye examination, retinoscopy and lateral phoria test. The blood glucose level was measured using the Accu-check glucometer. Subjects with a normal fasting blood glucose level were selected and given 12.5g (females) and 19g (males) of glucose for oral ingestion. The lateral phoria was repeated after 30, 60 and 90 minutes of glucose intake. A total of 50 subjects were used for this study. Twenty-seven were myopes and 23 were hyperopes. Results showed that before glucose intake, the mean phoria value for myopes at distance was0.19 exo. After 30 minutes, the value became 0.19 eso. After 60 minutes, the value was0.37 exo. After 90 minutes, the value became 0.89 exo. The mean near phoria value of the myopes before glucose intake was 3.81 exo. After 30 minutes, the value was 4.74 exo. After 60 minutes, the value was6.44 exo. After 90 minutes, the value was 5.15 exo. The mean distance phoria value of the hyperopes before glucose intake was 0.83 exo. After 30 minutes, the value became 2.35 exo. After 60 minutes, the value was 0.96 exo. After 90 minutes, the value became 0.96 exo. The mean near phoria value of the hyperopes before glucose intake was 3.65 exo. After 30 minutes, the value became 5.61 exo. After 60 minutes, the value was 4.83 exo. The changes in the mean phoria values for myopes and hyperopes at both distance and near were not statistically significant (P>0.05). Further studies on the effect of glucose on other visual functions were recommended.
The unlikely president : the populist captain and his voters

Resumen En este artículo utilizamos datos de encuestas para comprender el electorado de Bolsonaro y, al hacerlo, discutimos interpretaciones significativas sobre las condiciones del surgimiento de los políticos populistas. En la primera sección, presentamos y discutimos interpretaciones macro que recurren a procesos de cultura política o socioeconómica para explicar el populismo. En la segunda parte, describimos brevemente la carrera política de Jair Bolsonaro y mostramos por qué es un miembro auténtico de la familia populista. En las secciones tercera y cuarta, presentamos datos de encuestas sobre los votantes de Bolsonaro, sus características socioeconómicas y sus creencias con respecto a los regímenes políticos y las instituciones democráticas, y las cuestiones morales en conflicto. Argumentamos que los datos muestran que las bases sociales del presidente no son las que la literatura actual relaciona con los líderes populistas y que sus actitudes hacia la política y las cuestiones morales no difieren significativamente de las que se encuentran entre los partidarios de otros candidatos que se postulan para la presidencia en 2018. conclusiones, sugerimos algunas explicaciones alternativas al inesperado éxito electoral de Bolsonaro.
Effect of forward head posture on diaphragmatic excursion in subjects with chronic neck pain. a case-control study

Introduction. Forward head posture (FHP) is commonly seen in subjects with chronic neck pain (CNP) and is associated with respiratory function limitations. Therefore, the main aim of this study was to assess the effect of FHP compared with normal head posture (NHP) on diaphragmatic excursion in subjects with non-specific CNP. Methods. overall, 30 subjects with CNP aged 35–45 years were recruited for this study and divided into 2 equal groups: the FHP group and the NHP group. The inclusion criteria were non-specific CNP duration of 3 months, presence or absence of FHP, FHP confirmed with a craniovertebral angle of < 50°, and male or female sex. The exclusion criteria involved cervical disc problems, cervical spondylosis, traumatic neck pain, chest disease or heart failure, neurological disorders affecting the diaphragm, obesity, and smoking. First, the craniovertebral angle was assessed for subject selection; then, the diaphragmatic excursion and the neck disability index (Ndi) were established as the main clinical outcomes of the study. Unpaired t-test was used for statistical analysis. Results. The diaphragmatic excursion was lower in the FHP group than in the NHP group (57.00 ± 15.63 vs. 67.60 ± 15.18; p = 0.070), with no significant difference between the 2 groups. Ndi did not differ significantly between the groups. Conclusions. We suggest that FHP may be related to reduced diaphragmatic excursion in subjects with non-specific CNP. The multimodal approaches to physiotherapy management of non-specific CNP with FHP may consider our suggestion.
A Study of the Effects of Equivalence Theory and Equivalent Effect on Translators’ Choices----With an Illustration of Chinese Translation of Charlotte's Web

The notion of equivalence is undoubtedly one of the most problematic and controversial areas in the field of translation theory. Nida’s equivalence theory, including formal equivalence and dynamic equivalence, is the most cited one in the field of translation. The establishment of this theory greatly promotes the development of translation. This essay will first review theories of equivalence studied by some of the most innovative theorists in this field, such as Jakobson, Nida and Taber, Newmark, Coller, Baker and so on. These theorists have studied equivalence in relation to the translation process with different approaches, and have provided fruitful ideas on this topic. Based on the theoretical support, the author suggests studying the effects on translators’ choices under the equivalence theory and equivalent effect from three aspects. In the next section, after a brief introduction of the contents and features of Charlotte's Web as children’s literature, an analysis of the Chinese version of Charlotte's Web is illustrated to describe factors involved in translators’ decision-making processes based on equivalence theories and equivalent effect.