Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Advancements in Carbon Dioxide Modeling: An Algorithm Incorporating In-Situ and Satellite Data for Improved Understanding of pCO Dynamics in the Bay of Bengal

Estimation of the partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO2) in the Bay of Bengal (BoB) region plays a crucial role in better understanding the air-sea CO2 fluxes. Complex physical and biogeochemical processes such as physical mixing, stratification, thermodynamic, and biological effects dominate the spatiotemporal variability of pCO2 concentration over the BoB. This is difficult to estimate through in-situ platforms alone due to the time-consuming, cost-effective, and intricacies involved in water sample collection during rough oceanic weather conditions. Alternatively, remote sensing technology provides governing control parameters with high spatiotemporal resolution over large synoptic scales. Since the BoB region is influenced by the Indian monsoon system and other complex processes, existing regional and global pCO2 algorithms are not adequate to estimate more accurate pCO2 fields. Hence, there is a need to develop a regional pCO2 algorithm over the BoB. To resolve this problem, in the present study, a Multi Parametric Regional Regression (MPRR) approach was developed over the BoB using satellite data such as sea surface temperature (SST), sea surface salinity (SSS), and chlorophyll-<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${a}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> (Chl<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$a$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) concentration. To train and validate the MPRR approach, required in-situ measurements were obtained from the open and coastal waters of the BoB. The validation results revealed that the present MPRR approach showed better performance with significant low errors (mean relative error (MRE) = 0.012, mean normalized bias (MNB) = 0.022, and root mean square error (RMSE) = 4.75 <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mu $ </tex-math></inline-formula> atm) and a high correlation coefficient (R2 = 0.92). Furthermore, the study demonstrated the spatiotemporal variability of pCO2and generated monthly, seasonal, and annual pCO2 maps over the BoB.
Retrospective Analysis of the Impact of High- and Low-Quality Donor Livers for Patients with High-Acuity Illness

Background Patients with high-acuity liver failure have increased access to marginal and split liver options, owing to historically high waitlist mortality rates. While most research states that donor liver quality has no impact on patients with high-acuity illness, there have been inconsistencies in recent research on how liver quality impacts post-transplant outcomes for these patients. We aimed to quantify donor liver quality with various post-transplantation patient outcomes for patients with high-acuity illness. Material/Methods Using the liver donor risk index (LDRI), model for end stage liver disease (MELD), and clinically relevant recipient factors, we used multivariate logistic regression to analyze how donor liver quality affects varying measures of patient outcomes for 9923 high-acuity patients from June 18, 2013, to June 18, 2022. Results Using LDRI, high-quality livers had a significant protective impact on high-acuity patient mortality, compared with low-quality livers (OR=0.695 [0.549, 0.879], P=0.002). High-quality livers also had significant impact on graft survival (OR=0.706 [0.558, 0.894], P=0.004). Two sensitivity patient mortality analyses, excluding patients with status 1A and hepatocellular carcinoma, showed significant protective findings for high-quality livers. High-quality livers had insignificant outcomes on long-term survivor mortality, length of hospitalization, and primary non-function outcomes, compared with low-quality donor livers. Conclusions While our findings suggest donor quality has an impact on high-acuity patient outcomes, these findings indicate further research is needed in intent-to-treat analysis on clinical offer data to provide a clearer finding of how donor quality affects patients with high-acuity illness.
Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy in Ophthalmology: A Narrative Review

Hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) has been used for the past 50 years for conditions such as decompression disease and wound healing. It has promising effects in the treatment of vision-threatening diseases, such as retinal artery occlusion, retinal vein occlusion, diabetic macular edema, and acute optic neuropathy; however, HBOT has not been approved for use in these conditions by regulatory authorities. This paper provides an overview of the theoretical effectiveness and most recent indications for HBOT in ophthalmology. The fundamental aspects of the physiology of choroidal circulation and metabolism are provided together with the clinical aspects that should be accounted for when selecting patients for this therapy. The paper also presents case reports of when HBOT was successfully implemented. The goals of this review were to explore the indications and benefits of HBOT and to evaluate the effectiveness of HBOT as an intervention in treating ophthalmology disorders. Lastly, the paper details the side-effects and discusses the safety issues of HBOT.
A New Microwave-Assisted Protocol for Cellulose Extraction from Eucalyptus and Pine Tree Wood Waste

An enormous interest in the development of efficient protocols for cellulose extraction has been demonstrated in the last few years, although usually based on non-sustainable chemical and thermal approaches. In this work, we propose a new and more sustainable method for cellulose extraction from eucalyptus and pine tree wood waste products exclusively performed using microwave-assisted radiation. The methodology includes three main steps: (i) alkaline treatment; (ii) bleaching I, using H2O2; and (iii) bleaching II, an acidic treatment. Samples obtained in each step were characterized by Fourier-transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The results were compared with the structural and thermal profile of the starting materials, a commercially available microcrystalline cellulose and with an industrial paper pulp sample. Results confirmed that for both types of wood wastes, cellulose was retained during the extraction procedures and that the removal of hemicellulose and lignin was mainly achieved in the last step, as seen by the FTIR spectra and TGA curves. The developed protocol is innovative, as it constitutes an easy and quick approach for extracting cellulose from eucalyptus and pine tree wood waste. Mild chemical and thermal conditions are used during the three extraction steps (microwave irradiation, aqueous solutions, maximum of 120 °C in a total of 3 h). Moreover, environmentally friendly purification steps are applied based on the use of water and ethanol. This approach offers the possibility of a future scale-up study to potentially apply the developed protocol to the extraction of cellulose on an industrial scale.
The environmental and genetic factors affect the productivity and quality of potato cultivars

This study aimed to evaluate the impact of environmental and genetic factors on the yield, starch, and dry matter content in tubers of potato ( Solanum tuberosum L.) cultivars belonging to different maturity groups considering cultivars diversity according to SSR markers. Twenty-four very early, early, medium, and late potato cultivars were evaluated. Field experiments were conducted in 2018–2020 in two locations: Forest Steppe and Forest zones of Ukraine. The SSRs analysis was carried out in 2021 using eight markers: STM0019, STM3009, STM2005, STM2028, STM3012, STM3023, STM5136
Impact of Preoperative Sleep Disturbances on Postoperative Delirium in Patients with Intracranial Tumors: A Prospective, Observational, Cohort Study

Background Postoperative delirium (POD) is prevalent in craniotomy patients and is associated with high mortality. Sleep disturbances are receiving increasing attention from clinicians as associated risk factors for postoperative complications. This study aimed to determine the impact of preoperative sleep disturbances on POD in craniotomy patients. Methods We recruited 130 patients undergoing elective craniotomy for intracranial tumors between May 1st and December 30th, 2022. Preoperative subjective sleep disturbances were assessed using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index on the day of admission. We also measured objective perioperative sleep patterns using a dedicated sleep monitoring device 3 days before and 3 days after the surgery. POD was assessed twice daily using the Confusion Assessment Model for the Intensive Care Unit within the first week after craniotomy. Results Preoperative sleep disturbances were diagnosed in 49% of the study patients, and POD was diagnosed in 22% of all the study patients. Sleep disturbances were an independent risk factor for POD (OR: 2.709, 95% CI: 1.020–7.192, P = 0.045). Other risk factors for POD were age (OR: 3.038, 95% CI: 1.195–7.719, P = 0.020) and the duration of urinary catheterization (OR: 1.246, 95% CI: 1.025–1.513, P = 0.027). Perioperative sleep patterns (including sleep latency, deep sleep duration, frequency of awakenings, apnea-hypopnea index, and sleep efficiency) were significantly associated with POD. Conclusion This study demonstrated that preoperative sleep disturbances predispose patients undergoing craniotomy to POD, also inferred a correlation between perioperative sleep patterns and POD. The targeted screening and intervention specifically for sleep disturbances during the perioperative period are immensely required.
Which robust regression technique is appropriate under violated assumptions? A simulation study

Ordinary least squares (OLS) regression is widely employed for statistical prediction and theoretical explanation in psychology studies. However, OLS regression has a critical drawback: it becomes less accurate in the presence of outliers and non-random error distribution. Several robust regression methods have been proposed as alternatives. However, each robust regression has its own strengths and limitations. Consequently, researchers are often at a loss as to which robust regression method to use for their studies. This study uses a Monte Carlo experiment to compare different types of robust regression methods with OLS regression based on relative efficiency (RE), bias, root mean squared error (RMSE), Type 1 error, power, coverage probability of the 95% confidence intervals (CIs), and the width of the CIs. The results show that, with sufficient samples per predictor (n = 100), the robust regression methods are as efficient as OLS regression. When errors follow non-normal distributions, i.e., mixed-normal, symmetric and heavy-tailed (SH), asymmetric and relatively light-tailed (AL), asymmetric and heavy-tailed (AH), and heteroscedastic, the robust method (GM-estimation) seems to consistently outperform OLS regression.
FORAGING BEHAVIOR OF VULTURES IN CENTRAL FLORIDA

Black Vultures ( Coragyps atratus ) and Turkey Vultures ( Cathartes aura ) overlap widely in their use of carrion and habitat types in the southeastern United States. I used a point count road survey method to study differences in vulture foraging behavior in central Florida. Black Vultures foraged at higher altitudes and in larger groups than Turkey Vultures (mean group size: Black Vultures 2.3 ± 2.0 SD, Turkey Vul- tures 1.7 ± 1.9 SD). Density over all point counts was higher for Turkey Vultures (0.80 in- dividuals/km 2 ± 0.13 SD), than for Black Vultures (0.43 individuals/km 2 ± 0.36 SD). There were significant differences in the seasonal pattern of density observed between species. Turkey Vultures were most numerous in winter, probably due to an influx of migratory individuals.
Quantifying maize phenology using beneficial microorganisms and residue management under deep tillage system

Residues differing in quality and incorporation depths are presumed to contribute differently to the improvement of soil properties through decomposition. Understanding the response of residue decomposition at different depths using tillage implements and effective microorganisms can help to develop strategies for improving soil properties. Therefore, three nitrogen (N) supplemented crop residues: wheat (Rw), chickpea (Rc), Rw + Rc, and no residue (R0) as a control, under three different tillage implements: cultivator (CT), mouldboard plough (MBP)
Utilization of HIV Pre-exposure Prophylaxis and Associated Factors Among Female Sex Workers in Bahir Dar City, North-West Ethiopia, Cross-sectional Study, 2022

Objective This study aimed to assess the utilization of HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis and associated factors among commercial female sex workers in Bahir Dar City, Northwest Ethiopia, in 2022. Methods An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted in Bahir Dar City from November 1 to 30, 2022. The random sampling technique was used to select 396 commercial female sex workers. Kobo Collector was used to gather the data, which was then exported to STATA 14 for analysis. In bivariate regression analysis, all variables with a P-value of <0.2 were entered into multivariable logistic regression. Multivariable logistic regression variables with P-values ≤0.05 at a 95% confidence interval were declared to be significantly linked with the utilization of HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis. Results In this study, 183 (46.2%) (95%CI: 41.33–51.16) of respondents utilized HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis. Educational status: secondary and above (AOR: 2.18, 95%CI: 1.05–4.53). Age of sex workers 26–36 (AOR: 0.20, 95%CI: 0.17–0.84); experience of sex work 3–5 years (AOR: 0.25, 95%CI: 0.24–0.83); and having good knowledge (AOR: 4.98, 95%CI: 3.90–10.65) were significantly associated with the utilization of HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis. Conclusion In this study, HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis was not widely used by commercial female sex workers. Therefore, social and behavioral change communication strategies focus on creating awareness and building knowledge on HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis utilization.
Mitochondrial Targeting against Alzheimer’s Disease: Lessons from Hibernation

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia worldwide and yet remains without effective therapy. Amongst the many proposed causes of AD, the mitochondrial cascade hypothesis is gaining attention. Accumulating evidence shows that mitochondrial dysfunction is a driving force behind synaptic dysfunction and cognitive decline in AD patients. However, therapies targeting the mitochondria in AD have proven unsuccessful so far, and out-of-the-box options, such as hibernation-derived mitochondrial mechanisms, may provide valuable new insights. Hibernators uniquely and rapidly alternate between suppression and re-activation of the mitochondria while maintaining a sufficient energy supply and without acquiring ROS damage. Here, we briefly give an overview of mitochondrial dysfunction in AD, how it affects synaptic function, and why mitochondrial targeting in AD has remained unsuccessful so far. We then discuss mitochondria in hibernation and daily torpor in mice, covering current advancements in hibernation-derived mitochondrial targeting strategies. We conclude with new ideas on how hibernation-derived dual mitochondrial targeting of both the ATP and ROS pathways may boost mitochondrial health and induce local synaptic protein translation to increase synaptic function and plasticity. Further exploration of these mechanisms may provide more effective treatment options for AD in the future.
Observing and modelling phytoplankton community structure in the North Sea

Abstract. Phytoplankton form the base of the marine food chain, and knowledge of phytoplankton community structure is fundamental when assessing marine biodiversity. Policy makers and other users require information on marine biodiversity and other aspects of the marine environment for the North Sea, a highly productive European shelf sea. This information must come from a combination of observations and models, but currently the coastal ocean is greatly under-sampled for phytoplankton data, and outputs of phytoplankton community structure from models are therefore not yet frequently validated. This study presents a novel set of in situ observations of phytoplankton community structure for the North Sea using accessory pigment analysis. The observations allow a good understanding of the patterns of surface phytoplankton biomass and community structure in the North Sea for the observed months of August 2010 and 2011. Two physical–biogeochemical ocean models, the biogeochemical components of which are different variants of the widely used European Regional Seas Ecosystem Model (ERSEM), were then validated against these and other observations. Both models were a good match for sea surface temperature observations, and a reasonable match for remotely sensed ocean colour observations. However, the two models displayed very different phytoplankton community structures, with one better matching the in situ observations than the other. Nonetheless, both models shared some similarities with the observations in terms of spatial features and inter-annual variability. An initial comparison of the formulations and parameterizations of the two models suggests that diversity between the parameter settings of model phytoplankton functional types, along with formulations which promote a greater sensitivity to changes in light and nutrients, is key to capturing the observed phytoplankton community structure. These findings will help inform future model development, which should be coupled with detailed validation studies, in order to help facilitate the wider application of marine biogeochemical modelling to user and policy needs.
Coastal upwelling trends under future warming scenarios from the CORDEX project along the Galician coast (NW Iberian Peninsula)

Upwelling Index trends derived from wind speed were analysed along the Galician coast using simulations from EURO‐CORDEX project (12.5 km). Data from this project were compared to ENSEMBLES and Cross‐Calibrated Multi‐Platform (CCMP) (25 km) data to investigate the performance of these high spatial resolution data in the ability to represent the evolution of Upwelling Index. Results suggest that differences between Upwelling Index derived from CCMP and modelled data exist all along the coast over the last decades. Both EURO‐CORDEX and ENSEMBLES data tend to overestimate Upwelling Index intensity (in absolute terms) regarding CCMP data. Future climate projections from EURO‐CORDEX show a significant strengthening trend in Upwelling Index intensity derived from wind data and in the frequency of strong upwelling events during the upwelling season (April–September).
Global Neuropsychopharmacological Prescription Trends in Adults with Schizophrenia, Clinical Correlates and Implications for Practice: A Scoping Review

It is important to examine the psychotropic prescription practices in schizophrenia, as it can inform regarding changing treatment choices and related patient profiles. No recent reviews have evaluated the global neuropsychopharmacological prescription patterns in adults with schizophrenia. A systematic search of the literature published from 2002 to 2023 found 88 empirical papers pertinent to the utilization of psychotropic agents. Globally, there were wide inter-country and inter-regional variations in the prescription of psychotropic agents. Overall, over time there was an absolute increase in the prescription rate of second-generation antipsychotics (up to 50%), mood stabilizers (up to 15%), and antidepressants (up to 17%), with an observed absolute decrease in the rate of antipsychotic polypharmacy (up to 15%), use of high dose antipsychotic (up to 12% in Asia), clozapine (up to 9%) and antipsychotic long-acting injectables (up to 10%). Prescription patterns were mainly associated with specific socio-demographic (such as age), illness (such as illness duration), and treatment factors (such as adherence). Further work, including more evidence in adjunctive neuropsychopharmacological treatments, pharmaco-economic considerations, and examination of cohorts in prospective studies, can proffer insights into changing prescription trends relevant to different treatment settings and predictors of such trends for enhancement of clinical management in schizophrenia.
Impact of Protease Inhibitor-Based Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy on Fetal Subcutaneous Fat Tissue in HIV-Pregnant Women in a Middle-Income Country

Background: HIV infection continues to be a global public health challenge, affecting approximately 1.7 million reproductive-aged women. Protease inhibitor-based highly active antiretroviral therapy (PI-HAART) has significantly reduced the risk of vertical transmission of HIV from mother to child. Nevertheless, concerns linger regarding the long-term effects, particularly on body composition, notably subcutaneous fat tissue (SFT). Although HIV-associated lipodystrophy syndrome (LS) has been well documented in adults and older children, its impact on fetuses exposed to PI-HAART remains underexplored. This study aims to evaluate SFT in the fetuses of HIV-pregnant women exposed to PI-HAART, assessing the potential clinical implications. Methods: We conducted a comparative study between HIV-pregnant women receiving PI-HAART and an HIV-negative control group. Fetometry measurements were obtained via 3D ultrasound. SFT in the fetal arm and thigh segments was assessed. Data were analyzed using lineal multivariate regression and receiver-operating characteristics (ROC)-curve analysis. Results: Fetuses exposed to PI-HAART exhibited a significant reduction in subcutaneous fat, particularly in the proximal third-middle union of the femur (coefficient: −2.588, p = 0.042). This reduction was correlated with lower newborn serum glucose levels (65.7 vs. 56.1, p = 0.007; coefficient: −1.277, p = 0.045). Conclusions: Our study sheds light on the connection between PI-HAART, fetal subcutaneous fat, and neonatal health. These findings might reveal the long-lasting effects of PI-HAART on newborns and children’s well-being. Our results emphasize the need for a more balanced approach to managing pregnant women with HIV in developing countries and open new venues for research on the impact of intrauterine PI-HAART exposure on energy metabolism and fetal programming.