Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Newtonian analogue of corresponding space–time dynamics of rotating black holes: implication for black hole accretion

Based on the conserved Hamiltonian for a test particle, we have formulated a Newtonian analogue of Kerr spacetime in the `low energy limit of the test particle motion' that, in principle, can be comprehensively used to describe general relativistic (GR) features of Kerr spacetime, however, with less accuracy for high spin. The derived potential, which has an explicit velocity dependence, contains the entire relativistic features of corresponding spacetime including the frame dragging effect, unlike other prevailing pseudo-Newtonian potentials (PNPs) for the Kerr metric where such an effect is either totally missing or introduced in a ad hoc manner. The particle dynamics with this potential precisely reproduce the GR results within a maximum ~ 10 % deviation in energy for a particle orbiting circularly in the vicinity of a rapidly corotating black hole. GR epicyclic frequencies are also well reproduced with the potential, though with a relatively higher percentage of deviation. For counterrotating cases, the obtained potential replicate the GR results with precise accuracy. The Kerr-Newtonian potential also approximates the radius of marginally stable and marginally bound circular orbits with reasonable accuracy for a < 0.7. Importantly, the derived potential can imitate the experimentally tested GR effects like perihelion advancement and bending of light with reasonable accuracy. The formulated Kerr-Newtonian potential thus can be useful to study complex accreting plasma dynamics and its implications around rotating BHs in the Newtonian framework, avoiding GR gas dynamical equations.
Stress as the Dominant Factor of Hypertension

Hypertension is one of the non-communicable diseases (NCD) which became a major public health problem both in Indonesia and in the world. Data from the Public Health Office of Jambi showed that hypertension rate was 11.33% in 2019, 3.15% in 2020 and 4.00% in 2021. This study aimed to determine the factors associated with the incidence of hypertension at the Paal Lima Public Health Centre of Jambi City. This study used a cross-sectional design with 214 respondents aged ≥ 18 years old selected through accidental sampling. Data were analysed through chi-square test for bivariate analysis and cox regression for multivariate analysis. The prevalence of hypertension in the study was 33.2%. The multivariate analysis indicated that age (aPR= 2.502; 95% CI: 1.302 to 4.809), salt consumption (aPR= 1.799; 95% CI: 1.086 to 2.978), and stress (aPR= 3.963; 95% CI: 2.355 to 6,670) were correlated with the incidence of hypertension. Age, salt consumption, and stress were the risk factor of the incidence of hypertension. The most dominant factor affecting the incidence of hypertension was stress. Therefore, stress managements are required to reduce stress experienced by people apart from consuming low-sodium food.
Estimation of daily reference evapotranspiration from limited climatic variables in coastal regions

ABSTRACT Generalized multi-adaptive regression splines (MARS) and genetic expression programming (GEP)-based equations were developed to estimate Reference Evapotranspiration (ETo ) in coastal regions. Following existing regression-based ETo retrieval equations, five climatic data configurations were used to train, validate, and test the MARS and GEP models (hereafter called MARS1–MARS5 and GEP1–GEP5). The performances of the MARS and GEP models with each of the five input configurations were assessed. The generalized MARS1–MARS5 and GEP1–GEP5 models could estimate ETo accurately in regions other than their training region. In addition, MARS1 performed better than MARS2–MARS5. Similarly, GEP1 outperformed GEP2–GEP5, implying that input configuration 1 contains the most important information about ETo . The results also show that MARS can estimate ETo more accurately than GEP. The findings indicate that MARS1–MARS5 and GEP1–GEP5 improved ETo values compared with the corresponding traditional equations. Finally, sensitivity analyses were conducted to evaluate the impact of each input variable on ETo .
How big is a black hole

The three-dimensional volume inside a spherical black hole can be defined by extending an intrinsic flat-spacetime characterization of the volume inside a two-sphere. For a collapsed object, the volume grows with time since the collapse, reaching a simple asymptotic form, has a compelling geometrical interpretation. Perhaps surprisingly, it is large. The result may have relevance for the discussion on the information paradox.
Dynamical Lamb effect versus dissipation in superconducting quantum circuits

Superconducting circuits provide a new platform to study nonstationary cavity QED phenomena. An example of such a phenomenon is a dynamical Lamb effect which is a parametric excitation of an atom due to the nonadiabatic modulation of its Lamb shift. This effect has been initially introduced for a natural atom in a varying cavity, while we suggested its realization in a superconducting qubit-cavity system with dynamically tunable coupling. In the present paper, we study the interplay between the dynamical Lamb effect and the energy dissipation, which is unavoidable in realistic systems. We find that despite of naive expectations this interplay can lead to unexpected dynamical regimes. One of the most striking results is that photon generation from vacuum can be strongly enhanced due to the qubit relaxation, which opens a new channel for such a process. We also show that dissipation in the cavity can increase the qubit excited state population. Our results can be used for the experimental observation and investigation of the dynamical Lamb effect and accompanying quantum effects.
The similarity of the stellar mass fractions of galaxy groups and clusters

We employ a large sample of 20171 optically-selected groups and clusters at 0.15 < z < 0.4 in the SDSS to investigate how the stacked stellar mass fraction varies across a wide range of total mass, $M_{500}$. Our study improves upon previous observational studies in a number of important ways, including having a much larger sample size, an explicit inclusion of the intracluster light (ICL) component, and a thorough examination of the accuracy of our total mass estimates via comparisons to simulations and weak lensing observations. We find that the stellar mass fraction depends only weakly on total mass and that the contribution of ICL to the total stellar mass fraction is significant (typically 20-40 per cent). Both of these findings are in excellent accordance with the predictions of cosmological simulations. Under the assumption of a Chabrier (Salpeter) IMF, the derived star formation efficiency ($f_{star}$/$f_{b}$, where $f_b=\Omega_b/\Omega_m$) is relatively low at 8 per cent (14 per cent) and is consistent with the global star formation efficiency of semi-analytic models that reproduce the galaxy stellar mass function. When our measured stellar mass fractions are combined with the observed relation between hot gas mass fraction and total mass from X-ray observations, our results imply that galaxy groups have significantly lower baryon fractions than massive clusters. Ejection of gas due to energetic AGN feedback (most likely at high redshift) provides a plausible mechanism for explaining the trends we observe.
Cardiorespiratory Fitness and the Risk of First Acute Myocardial Infarction: The HUNT Study

Background The majority of studies evaluating cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) as a cardiovascular risk factor use cardiovascular mortality and not cardiovascular disease events as the primary end point, and generally do not include women. The aim of this study was to investigate the association of estimated CRF (eCRF) with the risk of first acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Methods and Results We included 26 163 participants (51.5% women) from the HUNT study (Nord‐Trøndelag Health Study), with a mean age of 55.7 years, without cardiovascular disease at baseline. Baseline eCRF was grouped into tertiles. AMI was derived from hospital records and deaths from the Norwegian Cause of Death Registry. We used Fine and Gray regression modeling to estimate subdistribution hazards ratio (SHR) of AMI, accounting for competing risk of death. During a mean (range) follow‐up of 13 (0.02–15.40) years (347 462 person‐years), 1566 AMI events were recorded. In fully adjusted models men in the 2 highest eCRF had 4% (SHR: 0.96, 95% CI: 0.83–1.11) and 10% (SHR: 0.90, 95% CI: 0.77–1.05) lower SHR of AMI, respectively, when compared with men in the lowest tertile. The corresponding numbers in women were 12% (SHR: 0.88, 95% CI: 0.72–1.08) and 25% (SHR: 0.75, 95% CI: 0.60–0.95). Conclusions eCRF was inversely associated with risk of AMI event among women but not in men. Our data suggest that high eCRF may have substantial benefit in reducing the risk of AMI. Therefore, our data suggest that an increased focus on eCRF as a cardiovascular disease risk marker in middle‐aged and older adults is warranted.
The Pattern of CN, O, and Na Inhomogeneities on the Red Giant Branch of Messier 5

Data from the literature are used to explore the relation between λ3883 CN band strength and the sodium and oxygen abundances of red giants in the globular cluster Messier 5. Although there is a broad tendency for CN-strong giants in this cluster to have higher sodium abundances and lower oxygen abundances than CN-weak giants of comparable absolute magnitude there are some secondary features in these relations. The oxygen abundance [O/Fe] shows a greater range (0.6–0.7 dex) among the CN-strong giants than the CN-weak giants (≈0.3 dex). By contrast, [Na/Fe] shows a 0.6–0.7 dex range among the CN-weak giants, but a more limited range of 0.3–0.4 dex among the CN-strong giants. The λ3883 CN band anticorrelates in strength with [O/Fe] among the CN-strong giants, but there is little, if any, such trend among the CN-weak giants. In contrast, the CN band strength may show a modest correlation with [Na/Fe] among the CN-weak giants, but there is little evidence for such among the CN-strong giants. Neither oxygen or sodium abundance defines a continuous relation with CN band strength. Instead, the CN-strong and CN-weak giants overlap in their sodium and possibly their oxygen abundances. At oxygen abundances of [O/Fe] = 0.20 ± 0.05 it is possible to have both CN-weak and CN-strong giants, although there may be a discontinuity in [O/Fe] between these two groups of stars that has been smeared out by observational errors. Both CN-weak and CN-strong giants populate the sodium abundance range 0.4 ≤ [Na/Fe] ≤ 0.6. Messier 5 may be displaying the results of spatially heterogeneous chemical self-enrichment.
ROTATION OF THE OPTICAL POLARIZATION ANGLE ASSOCIATED WITH THE 2008 γ-RAY FLARE OF BLAZAR W COMAE

An R-band photopolarimetric variability analysis of the TeV bright blazar W Comae between 2008 February 28 and 2013 May 17 is presented. The source showed a gradual tendency to decrease its mean flux level with a total change of 3 mJy. A maximum and minimum brightness states in the R band of 14.25 ± 0.04 and 16.52 ± 0.1 mag, respectively, were observed, corresponding to a maximum variation of ΔF = 5.40 mJy. We estimated a minimum variability timescale of Δt = 3.3 days. A maximum polarization degree P = 33.8% ± 1.6%, with a maximum variation of ΔP = 33.2%, was found. One of our main results is the detection of a large rotation of the polarization angle from 78° to 315° (Δθ ∼ 237°) that coincides in time with the γ-ray flare observed in 2008 June. This result indicates that both optical and γ-ray emission regions could be co-spatial. During this flare, a correlation between the R-band flux and polarization degree was found with a correlation coefficient of rF − p = 0.93 ± 0.11. From the Stokes parameters, we infer the existence of two optically thin synchrotron components that contribute to the polarized flux. One of them is stable with a constant polarization degree of 11%. Assuming a shock-in jet model during the 2008 flare, we estimated a maximum Doppler factor δD ∼ 27 and a minimum of δD ∼ 16; a minimum viewing angle of the jet ∼2. °0; and a magnetic field B ∼ 0.12 G.
Grand Total EEG Score Can Differentiate Parkinson's Disease From Parkinson-Related Disorders

Background: Semi-quantitative electroencephalogram (EEG) analysis is easy to perform and has been used to differentiate dementias, as well as idiopathic and vascular Parkinson's disease. Purpose: To study whether a semi-quantitative EEG analysis can aid in distinguishing idiopathic Parkinson's disease (IPD) from atypical parkinsonian disorders (APDs), and furthermore, whether it can help to distinguish between APDs. Materials and Methods: A comprehensive retrospective review of charts was performed to include patients with parkinsonian disorders who had at least one EEG recording available. A modified grand total EEG (GTE) score evaluating the posterior background activity, and diffuse and focal slow wave activities was used in further analyses. Results: We analyzed data from 76 patients with a final diagnosis of either IPD, probable corticobasal degeneration (CBD), multiple system atrophy (MSA), or progressive supra-nuclear palsy (PSP). IPD patients had the lowest mean GTE score, followed those with CBD or MSA, while PSP patients scored the highest. However, none of these differences were statistically significant. A GTE score of ≤9 distinguished IPD patients from those with APD (p < 0.01) with a sensitivity of 100% and a specificity of 33.3%. Conclusion: The modified GTE score can distinguish patients with IPD from those with CBD, PSP or MSA at a cut-off score of 9 with excellent sensitivity but poor specificity. However, this score is not able to distinguish a particular form of APD from other forms of the disorder.
Progenitor's Signatures in Type Ia Supernova Remnants

Abstract The remnants of Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) can provide important clues about their progenitor histories. We discuss two well-observed supernova remnants (SNRs) that are believed to have resulted from SNe Ia, and use various tools to shed light on the possible progenitor histories. We find that Kepler's SNR is consistent with a symbiotic binary progenitor consisting of a white dwarf and an AGB star. Our hydrosimulations can reproduce the observed kinematic and morphological properties. For Tycho's remnant we use the characteristics of the X-ray spectrum and kinematics to show that the ejecta has likely interacted with dense circumstellar gas.
Quantum critical transport at a continuous metal-insulator transition

In contrast to the first-order correlation-driven Mott metal-insulator transition, continuous disorder-driven transitions are intrinsically quantum critical. Here, we investigate transport quantum criticality in the Falicov-Kimball model, a representative of the latter class in the strong disorder category. Employing cluster-dynamical mean-field theory, we find clear and anomalous quantum critical scaling behavior manifesting as perfect mirror symmetry of scaling curves on both sides of the MIT. Surprisingly, we find that the beta function $\ensuremath{\beta}(g)$ scales as $log(g)$ deep into the bad-metallic phase as well, providing a sound unified basis for these findings. We argue that such strong localization quantum criticality may manifest in real three-dimensional systems where disorder effects are more important than electron-electron interactions.
Adherence to American Academy of Pediatrics' Oral Health Guidelines by Pediatricians and Pediatrics Residents in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to assess: (1) oral health knowledge and practices of pediatricians and pediatrics residents in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; (2) their adherence to American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) guidelines for caries-risk assess- ment and anticipatory guidance; and (3) the barriers that prevent their adherence to these guidelines. Methods: Participants completed a questionnaire comprised of three sections: (1) demographic and professional characteristics; (2) oral health knowledge and practices; and (3) adherence to AAP oral health guidelines and barriers against adherence. The association between knowledge and practices scores and demographic and profes- sional characteristics was assessed using Mann Whitney and Kruskal Wallis tests. Results: One-third of 1,261 pediatricians and pediatrics residents returned complete questionnaires. The mean±(standard deviation [SD]) knowledge score was 5.0±2.4 (out of 12), and the mean±(SD) practice score was 13.4±5.4 (out of 26). Only 8.3 percent reported following the AAP oral health guidelines, and the barriers against this included lack of awareness (60.9 percent), inadequate training on oral health (28.1 percent), and lack of time (21.6 percent). Conclusion: Most pediatricians and pediatrics residents in Riyadh had inadequate oral health knowledge and practices as well as poor adherence to the AAP guidelines. Unfamiliarity with the guidelines was reported to be the main barrier against following them. (J Dent Child 2019;86(1):10-6) Received November 1, 2018; Last Revision November 23, 2018; Accepted November 27, 2018.
Benchmarking of Machine Learning Methods for Multiscale Thermal Simulation of Integrated Circuits

Multiscale thermal analysis in integrated systems is required for capturing both device-level and circuit-level dynamics. Traditional analysis with finite element (FE) models can be accelerated by using machine learning (ML) methods. In this article, a performance benchmarking between three ML methods for thermal simulation is carried out: 1) artificial neural networks (ANNs); 2) proper orthogonal decomposition with radial basis functions (POD-RBFs); and 3) finally, POD-RBF-ANN is used as a hybrid ML method. The (dis)advantages of the different methods are demonstrated for the thermal simulation of a multiscale photonic chip. The ML models are trained with FE data for both linear and nonlinear dynamics and are tested for inter- and extra-polation prediction accuracy. A computational speed increase with a factor >7500 compared to FE is obtained. Furthermore, ANNs prove to be the best suited for the simulation of nonlinear dynamics. POD-RBF is the best method for minimizing training time and combining the best of both methods in POD-RBF-ANN creates an ML model with a short training phase and highly accurate predictions.
Consequences of NAA, BA and GA3 treatment in early fruit development phase on postharvest properties of apricot cv. NS4

The effects of plant growth regulators (PGRs) including representative compounds from the group of cytokinins, auxins and gibberellins, on fruit quality and postharvest properties during 15 days of cold storage and 3 days of shelf life were compared. Apricots, cv. NS4, were treated with 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA; 10 and 20 mg L–1), 6-benzyladenine (BA; 50 and 100 mg L–1) and gibberellin (GA3; 200 mg L–1) 14 and 21 days after full bloom. Application of PGRs resulted in increase of ash, total soluble solids and decrease of water content in fruit, while the color of fruits was characterized with lighter skin and with more intensive color changes during postharvest period. BA decreased the content of majority of cations, while higher dosage of this compound resulted in the lowest fruit firmness. Application of NAA and GA3 increased of Ca and Mg content and resulted in the most expressed water loss. Titrable acidity and pH were not affected by any applied treatments.
Disordered and interacting parabolic semimetals in two and three dimensions

A clean noninteracting parabolic semimetal is characterized by quadratic band touching between the conduction and the valence bands at isolated diabolic points in the Brillouin zone and describes a fermionic quantum critical system with dynamic exponent z=2. We consider the stability of such a semimetal against electronic interaction and quenched disorder using a perturbative renormalization group analysis for two and three spatial dimensions. For the noninteracting problem infinitesimally weak disorder leads to an Anderson insulator and a diffusive metal respectively in two and three dimensions. On the other hand, the long range Coulomb interaction causes an excitonic instability for the clean interacting problem towards a broken symmetry ground state in both dimensions. Our weak coupling analysis of the combined effects of disorder and interaction suggests the competition between a broken symmetry and a disorder controlled metallic or insulating states, but is inadequate for describing the quantum phase transitions among them. We discuss the relevance of our results for bilayer graphene and some 227 iridate compounds, and identify these materials as promising candidates for exploring novel disorder and interaction controlled quantum critical phenomena.
Confirmatory factor analysis of the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) and invariance across race: a pooled analysis of MsFLASH data.

OBJECTIVE Women's sleep at menopause is widely reported to be problematic. The Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) is a commonly used tool for quantifying sleep problems in clinical and research settings, but psychometric properties in postmenopausal women have not been reported. Our study aim was to examine the factor structure of the ISI in a large and diverse sample of midlife women with hot flashes. METHODS Baseline data were from 899 women enrolled in one of the three clinical trials using similar entry criteria conducted by the Menopause Strategies Finding Lasting Answers to Symptoms and Health research network. We conducted confirmatory factor analyses for the total sample and within strata defined by race/ethnicity (black and white women). RESULTS The ISI had two factors in the total sample. The two-factor structure was consistent across black and white women, with the exception of one item "difficulty falling asleep. " CONCLUSIONS The ISI in midlife women with hot flashes is composed of two factors that capture dimensions of the insomnia severity and daytime impact. The instrument is a psychometrically sound scale appropriate for use in research and clinical practice to capture the severity and daytime impact of insomnia symptoms in diverse samples of midlife women with hot flashes. An abbreviated screening of two items could be considered to determine if further evaluation is needed of sleep complaints.
MULTI-WAVELENGTH OBSERVATIONS OF THE ENDURING TYPE IIn SUPERNOVAE 2005ip AND 2006jd

We present an observational study of the Type IIn supernovae (SNe IIn) 2005ip and 2006jd. Broadband UV, optical, and near-IR photometry, and visual-wavelength spectroscopy of SN 2005ip complement and extend upon published observations to 6.5 years past discovery. Our observations of SN 2006jd extend from UV to mid-infrared wavelengths, and like SN 2005ip, are compared to reported X-ray measurements to understand the nature of the progenitor. Both objects display a number of similarities with the 1988Z-like subclass of SN IIn including (1) remarkably similar early- and late-phase optical spectra, (2) a variety of high-ionization coronal lines, (3) long-duration optical and near-IR emission, and (4) evidence of cold and warm dust components. However, diversity is apparent, including an unprecedented late-time r-band excess in SN 2006jd. The observed differences are attributed to differences between the mass-loss history of the progenitor stars. We conclude that the progenitor of SN 2006jd likely experienced a significant mass-loss event during its pre-SN evolution akin to the great 19th century eruption of η Carinae. Contrarily, as advocated by Smith et al., the circumstellar environment of SN 2005ip is found to be more consistent with a clumpy wind progenitor.