Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Meta-Analysis of the Application Effect of Different Modalities of Thermal Ablation and Surgical Treatment in Papillary Thyroid Microcarcinoma

Background Papillary thyroid microcarcinoma (PTMC) refers to papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) with a maximum diameter of 10 mm. Thermal ablation, including radiofrequency ablation (RFA), microwave ablation (MWA), and laser ablation (LA), has been applied in the treatment of benign thyroid nodules and captured extensive attention. At present, the application of thermal ablation in PTMC has been extensively reported, but outcomes such as volume reduction rate (VRR), complete remission rate (CRR), and adverse reaction rate (ARR) vary considerably. Therefore, this meta-analysis was performed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of different treatment methods of PTMC. Methods We did a systematic review and network meta-analysis. We searched PubMed, EMBase, and Cochrane-Library from the date of inception to January 10, 2022, to retrieve the VRR, CRR, and ARR of MWA, RFA, LA and surgical treatment of PTMC, and a meta-analysis was performed using the R meta-package. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated, and sensitivity analyses, cumulative meta-analyses, and publication bias were also performed. Relevant literature was retrieved with keywords; the eligible cohort studies were screened based on the established inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results A total of 1515 patients were included in the 12-month follow-up. The overall VRR was 86.25% (95% CI: 77.89, 94.60), and the VRR was RFA > WMA > LA, but the differences were not significant. A total of 1483 patients were included in the last follow-up. The overall VRR was 99.41% (95% CI: 99.11, 99.72), and the VRR was RFA > WMA > LA, but the differences were not significant. A total of 1622 patients showed complete remission at the last follow-up, and the overall CRR was 0.63 (95% CI: 0.46, 0.79). The CRR was RFA > LA > WMA, but the differences were not significant. A total of 1883 patients had adverse reactions at the last follow-up, and the overall ARR was 0.06 (95% CI: 0.03, 0.08). The ARR at the last follow-up was RFA = Surg < LA < WMA. The ARR of the RFA and Surg subgroups was significantly lower than that of the WMA subgroup. Conclusions Similar good efficacy and safety profiles were observed in WMA, RFA, LA, and surgical treatment in PTMC, among which RFA showed the best volume reduction, complete remission rate, and adverse reaction reduction. However, there is a slight bias in the limited literature included in this study, and we did not conduct or refer to mechanistic studies to confirm its specific mechanism of action. Clinicians are advised to use their discretion in the choice of treatment.
sMGM: parameterizable AEAD-mode

The paper introduces a new AEAD-mode called sMGM (strong Multilinear Galois Mode). The proposed construction can be treated as an extension of the Russian standardized MGM mode and its modification MGM2 mode presented at the CTCrypt’21 conference. The distinctive feature of the new mode is that it provides an interface allowing one to choose specific security properties required for a certain application case. Namely, the mode has additional parameters allowing to switch on/off misuse-resistance or re-keying mechanisms. The sMGM mode consists of two main «building blocks» that are a CTR-style gamma generation function with incorporated re-keying and a multilinear function that lies in the core of the original MGM mode. Different ways of using these functions lead to achieving different sets of security properties. Such an approach to constructing parameterizable AEAD-mode allows for reducing the code size which can be crucial for constrained devices. We provide security bounds for the proposed mode. We focus on proving the misuse-resistance of the sMGM mode, since the standard security properties were already analyzed during the development of the original MGM and MGM2 modes.
Advanced evolutionary stages of intermediate-mass stars. I - Evolution of surface compositions

The evolution of the surface abundances of 4 He, 12 C, 13 C, 14 N, 16 O in intermediate-mass stars (1<M<8M ⊙ ) have been computed from the main-sequence phase, till the ejection of the envelope (planetary-nebula ejection), or until the carbon ignition in the core. Two processes affecting the surface composition have been taken into account, namely: (i) convective dredge-ups, and (ii) nuclear burning in the deepest layers of the convective envelope. Mass loss due to the stellar wind in the red-giant phase, and the envelope ejection leading to the formation of planetary nebulae have been also taken into account. In this way, several individual and collective properties of carbon stars are predicted, as well as the expected compositions of planetary nebulae, and the contribution of intermediate-mass stars to the galactic nucleosynthesis of the nuclides listed above. The primary production of 13 C and 14 N is also treated. A preliminary comparison with the observations shows that the present theory is able to account for several characteristics of carbon stars in the Galaxy, as well as in the Magellanic Clouds, and in the dwarf elliptical galaxy in Fornax. The theory accounts also for the observed range of helium abundances in planetary nebulae.
Detect Low-Resource Rumors in Microblog Posts via Adversarial Contrastive Learning

Massive false rumors emerging along with 001 breaking news or trending topics severely hin-002 der the truth. Exiting rumor detection ap-003 proaches achieve promising performance on 004 the yesterday’s news, since there is enough 005 corpus collected from the same domain for 006 model training. However, they are poor at de-007 tecting rumors about unforeseen events such 008 as COVID-19 due to the lack of training data 009 and prior knowledge (i.e., low-resource ru-010 mors). In this paper, we propose an adver-011 sarial contrastive learning framework to de-012 tect low-resource rumors by adapting the fea-013 tures learned from well-resourced rumor data 014 to that of the low-resourced. Our model ex-015 plicitly overcomes the restriction of both do-016 main and language usage via language align-017 ment and contrastive training. Moreover, we 018 develop an adversarial augmentation mech-019 anism to further enhance the robustness of 020 low-resource rumor representation. Extensive 021 experiments conducted on two low-resource 022 datasets collected from real-world microblog 023 platforms demonstrate that our framework 024 achieves much better performance than state-025 of-the-art methods and exhibits a superior ca-026 pacity for detecting rumors at early stages. 027
Low Toxicity of Metal-Organic Framework MOF-74(Co) Nano-Particles In Vitro and In Vivo

With the rapid development of metal-organic frameworks (MOF), the toxicity and environmental safety of MOF materials should be thoroughly investigated. The behaviors and bio-effects of MOF materials after oral exposure are largely unknown. In this study, we performed a pilot toxicity evaluation of MOF-74(Co) nanoparticles (NPs) both in vitro and in vivo. The cell viability and cell cycle were monitored after LO2 cells were incubated with MOF-74(Co). The Co contents, bodyweight, serum biochemistry, histopathological changes, and oxidative stress parameters were measured after oral exposure to MOF-74(Co) NPs in mice. LO2 cells showed viability loss at 100 mg/L. The cell cycle arrest was more sensitive, which was observed even at 12.5 mg/L. MOF-74(Co) NPs led to a significant accumulation of Co in the liver and kidneys. No bodyweight loss was observed and the serum biochemical index was mainly unchanged. Except for slight inflammation, the histopathological images of the liver and kidneys after oral exposure to MOF-74(Co) NPs were normal compared to the control. Meaningful oxidative stress was found in the liver and kidneys. The results collectively indicated the low toxicity of MOF-74(Co) NPs after oral exposure in mice.
Can psychedelics provide a glimpse into the experience of death?

The subjective perception of death cannot be examined due to the nature of the notion. However, a person returning to life from the ongoing dying process can provide information about this mysterious mental state. Despite being famous for consuming a large amount of oxygen and glucose, the human brain has physiological mechanisms that make it quite resilient to anoxia (lack of oxygen) and ischemia (lack of blood supply), according to new evidence [1]. Near-death experiences (NDEs), thus, allow researchers to study the recollections of what people perceive during the dying process. While some people attribute NDEs to abnormal brain activity, a review of studies on this topic suggests that the patterns of experiences in NDEs are not consistent with those observed in hallucinations, illusions, or psychedelic drug-induced experiences The phenomenological similarity needed to justify DMT being the underlying cause of NDEs is lacking.
The Effect of L1 Pitch Status and Extralinguistic Factors on L2 Tone Learning

Some adult L2 learners perceive and acquire lexical tone more easily than others. Such inter-learner variability in tone learning facility has been attributed to individual L1-specific factors (such as the lexical status of pitch in the L1 and the shapes of L1 intonational and tonal types) [1] and extralinguistic factors (such as pitch perception aptitude, musical experience, and working memory) [2]. However, the relative importance of each of these factors when taken together is not well understood. Therefore, this study investigated non-native tone word learning by native speakers of languages on a spectrum of lexical pitch usage: Dutch (stress), Japanese and Swedish (pitch accent), and Thai (tonal). Participants were matched for their musical experience and working memory capacity. They completed a tone categorization task to measure pre-lexical pitch perception aptitude. They were then trained to memorize nine pseudolanguage words with a three-way segmental (/lala/ /lele/ /lili/) and a three-way tonal contrast (level, falling, peak), and were tested on their tone word learning ability in a word identification task. Results from Bayesian inference suggest that tone word learning was primarily facilitated by individual pitch perception aptitude, which was in turn facilitated by musical experience. The findings of this study are discussed in the light of the “Functional Pitch Hypothesis” of L2 tone perception [1], and highlight the importance to account for extralinguistic individual aptitudes in speech learning in addition to L1-specific factors.
Rethinking Style Transformer with Energy-based Interpretation: Adversarial Unsupervised Style Transfer using a Pretrained Model

Style control, content preservation, and fluency determine the quality of text style transfer models. To train on a nonparallel corpus, several existing approaches aim to deceive the style discriminator with an adversarial loss. However, adversarial training significantly degrades fluency compared to the other two metrics. In this work, we explain this phenomenon using energy-based interpretation, and leverage a pretrained language model to improve fluency. Specifically, we propose a novel approach which applies the pretrained language model to the text style transfer framework by restructuring the discriminator and the model itself, allowing the generator and the discriminator to also take advantage of the power of the pretrained model. We evaluated our model on three public benchmarks GYAFC, Amazon, and Yelp and achieved state-of-the-art performance on the overall metrics.
Performance Improvement for the Single Carrier in FBMC Systems by PAPR Reduction

The benefits of Filter Bank Multicarrier (FBMC) make it an attractive waveform instead of orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM). However, a high peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) is a significant drawback in FBMC. Exploiting a single carrier effect is considered an effective technique to reduce PAPR in FBMC systems with a small amount of additional complexity. Nevertheless, the PAPR reduction amount is different from the single carrier effect in the single carrier frequency division multiple access (SC-FDMA). This is because of the overlapping structure of the in-phase and quadrature (IQ) between offset quadrature amplitude modulation (OQAM) FBMC symbols. So, we introduce an algorithm, based on signal distortion techniques, to improve the performance of the single carrier effect techniques in the PAPR reduction for the FBMC systems. Simulation results depict that the single carrier effect techniques with the proposed algorithm achieve an extra amount of PAPR reduction compared to the same techniques without using the proposed algorithm. In addition, the simulation results show that the proposed algorithm maximizes the PAPR reduction amount without affecting the complexity.
Calibrating gyrochronology using Kepler asteroseismic targets

Among the available methods for dating stars, gyrochronology is a powerful one because it requires knowledge of only the star's mass and rotation period. Gyrochronology relations have previously been calibrated using young clusters, with the Sun providing the only age dependence, and are therefore poorly calibrated at late ages. We used rotation period measurements of 310 Kepler stars with asteroseismic ages, 50 stars from the Hyades and Coma Berenices clusters and 6 field stars (including the Sun) with precise age measurements to calibrate the gyrochronology relation, whilst fully accounting for measurement uncertainties in all observable quantities. We calibrated a relation of the form $P=A^n\times(B-V-c)^b$, where $P$ is rotation period in days, $A$ is age in Myr, $B$ and $V$ are magnitudes and $a$, $b$ and $n$ are the free parameters of our model. We found $a = 0.40^{+0.3}_{-0.05}$, $b = 0.31^{+0.05}_{-0.02}$ and $n = 0.55^{+0.02}_{-0.09}$. Markov Chain Monte Carlo methods were used to explore the posterior probability distribution functions of the gyrochronology parameters and we carefully checked the effects of leaving out parts of our sample, leading us to find that no single relation beween rotation period, colour and age can adequately describe all the subsets of our data. The Kepler asteroseismic stars, cluster stars and local field stars cannot all be described by the same gyrochronology relation. The Kepler asteroseismic stars may be subject to observational biases, however the clusters show unexpected deviations from the predicted behaviour, providing concerns for the overall reliability of gyrochronology as a dating method.
Pre-Administration of PLX-R18 Cells Protects Mice from Radiation-Induced Hematopoietic Failure and Lethality

Acute Radiation Syndrome (ARS) is a syndrome involving damage to multiple organs caused by exposure to a high dose of ionizing radiation over a short period of time; even low doses of radiation damage the radiosensitive hematopoietic system and causes H-ARS. PLacenta eXpanded (PLX)-R18 is a 3D-expanded placenta-derived stromal cell product designated for the treatment of hematological disorders. These cells have been shown in vitro to secrete hematopoietic proteins, to stimulate colony formation, and to induce bone marrow migration. Previous studies in mice showed that PLX-R18 cells responded to radiation-induced hematopoietic failure by transiently secreting hematopoiesis related proteins to enhance reconstitution of the hematopoietic system. We assessed the potential effect of prophylactic PLX-R18 treatment on H-ARS. PLX-R18 cells were administered intramuscularly to C57BL/6 mice, −1 and 3 days after (LD70/30) total body irradiation. PLX R18 treatment significantly increased survival after irradiation (p < 0.0005). In addition, peripheral blood and bone marrow (BM) cellularity were monitored at several time points up to 30 days. PLX-R18 treatment significantly increased the number of colony-forming hematopoietic progenitors in the femoral BM and significantly raised peripheral blood cellularity. PLX-R18 administration attenuated biomarkers of bone marrow aplasia (EPO, FLT3L), sepsis (SAA), and systemic inflammation (sP-selectin and E-selectin) and attenuated radiation-induced inflammatory cytokines/chemokines and growth factors, including G-CSF, MIP-1a, MIP-1b, IL-2, IL-6 and MCP-1, In addition, PLX-R18 also ameliorated radiation-induced upregulation of pAKT. Taken together, prophylactic PLX-R18 administration may serve as a protection measure, mitigating bone marrow failure symptoms and systemic inflammation in the H-ARS model.
Grain Yield and Nitrogen Use Efficiency Vary with Cereal Crop Type and Nitrogen Fertilizer Rate in Ethiopia: A Meta-Analysis

The crop production in Ethiopia is markedly constrained by soil nutrient deple-tion and limited fertilizer input. Nitrogen is among the most yield-limiting factors of cereal crops, especially in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). A meta-analysis of 82 studies was carried out to evaluate the response of major cereal crops, viz. wheat, maize, barley, teff, and sorghum, to nitrogen fertilization in Ethiopia. The results showed that N-application significantly increased yields of all the five crops examined herein. The average yields of the treatment effects over controls for the five crops were 3775.8 kg∙ha −1 and 2593.3 kg∙ha −1 , respectively. The overall yield response to nitrogen treatments for all the crops was 64.8% (wheat, 96.5%; maize, 40.65%; barley 84.36%; teff, 50.48%; and sorghum; 23%). Overall, nitrogen
SPATIALLY RESOLVED SPECTROSCOPIC STAR FORMATION HISTORIES OF NEARBY DISKS: HINTS OF STELLAR MIGRATION

We use the Mitchell Spectrograph (formerly VIRUS-P) to observe 12 nearby disk galaxies. We successfully measure ages in the outer disk in six systems. In three cases (NGC 2684, NGC 6155, and NGC 7437), we find that a downward break in the disk surface brightness profile corresponds with a change in the dominant stellar population with the interior being dominated by active star formation and the exterior having older stellar populations that are best fit with star formation histories that decline with time. The observed increase in average stellar ages beyond a profile break is similar to theoretical models that predict surface brightness breaks are caused by stellar migration, with the outer disk being populated from scattered old interior stars. In three more cases (IC 1132, NGC 4904, and NGC 6691), we find no significant change in the stellar population as one crosses the break radius. In these galaxies, both the inner and outer disks are dominated by active star formation and younger stellar populations. While radial migration can contribute to the stellar populations beyond the break, it appears that more than one mechanism is required to explain all of our observed stellar profile breaks.
Instability of the magnetohydrodynamics system at small but finite Reynolds number

The aim of this paper is to give a result concerning the stability properties of the solutions of magnetohydrodynamics equations at small but finite Reynolds numbers. These solutions are found using the alpha-effect: this method gives us solutions which are highly oscillating spatially on the scale of the underlying flow but are growing on a larger scale depending on a parameter epsilon. We prove nonlinear stability and instability results for a dense subset of initial velocity field of the flow at given Reynolds number.
EVOLUTIONARY CHANNELS FOR THE FORMATION OF DOUBLE NEUTRON STARS

We analyze binary population models of double-neutron stars and compare results to the accurately measured orbital periods and eccentricities of the eight known such systems in our Galaxy. In contrast to past similar studies, we especially focus on the dominant evolutionary channels (we identify three); for the first time, we use a detailed understanding of the evolutionary history of three double neutron stars as actual constraints on the population models. We find that the evolutionary constraints derived from the double pulsar are particularly tight, and less than half of the examined models survive the full set of constraints. The top-likelihood surviving models yield constraints on the key binary evolution parameters, but most interestingly reveal (1) the need for electron-capture supernovae from relatively low-mass degenerate, progenitor cores, and (2) the most likely evolutionary paths for the rest of the known double neutron stars. In particular, we find that J1913+16 likely went through a phase of Case BB mass transfer, and J1906+0746 and J1756−2251 are consistent with having been formed in electron-capture supernovae.
Strain engineering in alloy nanoparticles

ABSTRACT The deformation of interatomic distances with respect to those of the perfect crystal generates atomic-level strain. In nanoalloys, strain can arise because of finite size, morphology, domain structure and lattice mismatch between their atomic compounds. Strain can strongly affect the functional properties of nanoalloys, as it alters their electronic energy levels. Moreover, atomic-level strain generates atomic-level stress, which in turn results in distortions induced by strain. When the stress accumulated in a nanoalloy exceeds a certain level, the particle can relax that stress by undergoing structural transitions such as shape and/or chemical ordering transitions. Atomic-level strain is then a powerful tool to control and manipulate the structural and functional properties of nanoalloys. This requires a combined theoretical and experimental approach both to deeply understand the physical origin of strain, and to characterize it with a sub-angstrom resolution. Here, we present a theoretical analysis of the main sources of strain in nanoalloys, we analyse how atomic-level strain can be experimentally measured with transmission electron microscopy, we discuss its effect on the functional properties of nanoalloys, finally we describe how atomic-level stress arises from atomic-level strain, and how stress can induce structural transformations at the nanoscale. Graphical abstract
Twin peak quasi-periodic oscillations as signature of oscillating cusp torus

Serious theoretical effort has been devoted to explain the observed frequencies of twin-peak quasi-periodic oscillations (HF QPOs) observed in low-mass X-ray neutron star binaries. Here we propose a new model of HF QPOs. Within its framework we consider an oscillating torus with cusp that changes location $r_0$ of its centre around radii very close to innermost stable circular orbit. The observed variability is assigned to global modes of accreted fluid motion that may give strong modulation of both accretion disc radiation and the accretion rate. For a given spacetime geometry, the model predicts that QPO frequencies are function of single parameter $r_0$. We illustrate that the model can provide fits of data comparable to those reached by other models, or even better. In particular it is compared to relativistic precession model. Moreover, we also illustrate that the model consideration is compatible with consideration of models of a rotating neutron star in the atoll source 4U~1636-53.