Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Two-phase modelling of air bubbles in ice cream Problem presented

Ice cream is essentially a foam consisting of air bubbles dispersed in a mixture of fat, water and ice crystals. The air fraction is typically around 50% by volume, and this is crucial for the product to have the consistency and texture desired by customers. A common manufacturing method involves mixing the air and other ingredients under high pressure before discharging the product to atmospheric pressure for further processing. As the pressure is released, air may escape from the foam into the atmosphere. The Study Group was asked to quantify this air loss and to predict how it might depend on, for example, the rheological properties of the foam mixture, the bubble size distribution and the rate at which the pressure is released.
Repository Crash data quality for road safety research : current state and future directions

9 10 Crash databases are one of the primary data sources for road safety research. Therefore, their quality 11 is fundamental for the accuracy of crash analyses and, consequently the design of effective 12 countermeasures. Although crash data often suffer from correctness and completeness issues, these 13 are rarely discussed or addressed in crash analyses. Crash reports aim to answer the five “W” 14 questions (i.e. When? , Where? , What? , Who? and Why? ) of each crash by including a range of 15 attributes. This paper reviews current literature on the state of crash data quality for each of these 16 questions separately. The most serious data quality issues appear to be: inaccuracies in crash location 17 and time, difficulties in data linkage (e.g. with traffic data) due to inconsistencies in databases, 18 severity misclassification, inaccuracies and incompleteness of involved users’ demographics and 19 inaccurate identification of crash contributory factors. It is shown that the extent and the severity of 20 data quality issues are not equal between attributes and the level of impact in road safety analyses is 21 not yet entirely known. This paper highlights areas that require further research and provides some 22 suggestions for the development of intelligent crash reporting systems. 23
Analysis of rural literacy as a panacea for socio- economy development of Nigeria

Literacy is useful at the individual level in inculcating humanistic etiquettes and manners. The human benefits from literature are related to factors such as the improved self-esteem, empowerment, creativity and critical reflection that participation in adult literacy programmes and the practice of literacy may produce. Benefits human derive from literacy apart from ability to read and write or numerate include improved health, increased political participation and so on. Nigeria is the most populous nation in sub-Saharan Africa and has estimated population of 158.4 million. Understanding the need for a literate society, the country has been involved with many activities aimed at providing access to literacy. However, there is disparity in access to literacy between urban and rural communities in Nigeria. The social and economic dimensions of providing education for the population, within the context of prevailing national circumstances of dwindling financial and other resources in the face of developments needs are heavy and investments in health, education and water supply have been focused largely on the cities. Despite phenomenal growth of the formal educational systems and the interest shown to non-formal education in the past decades, some members of the population are still found to be non-literate in Nigeria. Statistics of the 2006 census summary also reflect that a high percentage of rural dwellers including women do not have formal education. For the facts enumerated above, this study discusses the socio-economic need of rural literacy in the face of challenges that determined the rural people assessing educational opportunities. The paper also established the relationship that exists between rural and urban communities and concludes that for sustainable development of the rural communities, literacy must be able to attend to the livelihood and improvement skills of the people in the rural areas.
Feature Selection Based on Binary Tree Growth Algorithm for the Classification of Myoelectric Signals

Electromyography (EMG) has been widely used in rehabilitation and myoelectric prosthetic applications. However, a recent increment in the number of EMG features has led to a high dimensional feature vector. This in turn will degrade the classification performance and increase the complexity of the recognition system. In this paper, we have proposed two new feature selection methods based on a tree growth algorithm (TGA) for EMG signals classification. In the first approach, two transfer functions are implemented to convert the continuous TGA into a binary version. For the second approach, the swap, crossover, and mutation operators are introduced in a modified binary tree growth algorithm for enhancing the exploitation and exploration behaviors. In this study, short time Fourier transform (STFT) is employed to transform the EMG signals into time-frequency representation. The features are then extracted from the STFT coefficient and form a feature vector. Afterward, the proposed feature selection methods are applied to evaluate the best feature subset from a large available feature set. The experimental results show the superiority of MBTGA not only in terms of feature reduction, but also the classification performance.
Nutritional evaluation of cricket,
 
 Gryllus bimaculatus
 
 , meal as fish meal substitute for olive flounder,
 
 Paralichthys olivaceus
 
 , juveniles

Funding information Korean National Institute of Fisheries Science, Grant/Award Number: R2019013; National Research Foundation of Korea, Grant/Award Number: 2018R1A6A1A03023584 Abstract An 8-week feeding trial was designed to evaluate the potential of cricket meal, Gryllus bimaculatus, as a locally available unconventional source of protein in a practical diet for olive flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus. Three hundred juvenile fish (Initial weight, 33.5 ± 0.01 g) were randomly distributed into five dietary groups in triplicates (20 fish per tank) and each group was hand-fed one of the experimental diets containing graded level of a cricket meal (CR) replacing 0, 20, 40, 60, and 80% of fish meal (FM) protein (designated as CR0, CR20, CR40, CR60, and CR80). Although replacing more than 40% of dietary FM protein resulted in lower growth rates and feed utilization efficiency, juvenile flounders fed the highest level of dietary CR (CR80) still performed as well as control group (CR0). Replacing more than 20% of FM with CR markedly reduced apparent nutrient digestibility in fish. Plasma total cholesterol concentration showed decreasing trend with increasing inclusion levels of CR in the diet. Whole body and fillet lipid content decreased with increasing levels of dietary CR. There was a remarkable enhancement in the levels of C18 fatty acids and reduction in the levels of n 3 highly unsaturated fatty acids in the fillets of fish fed with the CR diets, which Received: 27 August 2019 Revised: 4 January 2021 Accepted: 5 April 2021
The retail of South African game meat: current trade and marketing trends

The purchasing and marketing of game meat by supermarkets and butcheries in the Western Cape Province of South Africa was researched by the survey method. Two supermarket groups in South Africa indicated that they do market game meat, and springbok (Antidorcas marsupialis) was the species that most supermarkets sold. Both supermarket groups indicated that they would sell more game meat if available. They also mentioned that a central marketing structure would facilitate the sale of game meat and ensure consistent quality. Thirteen of the twenty butcheries that sell game meat were also in favour of a central marketing structure. The butcheries indicated that consumers are not adequately informed about the health benefits and cooking methods of game meat. Some of the meat buyers at butcheries were ignorant of the qualities of meat that are important when purchasing game meat. It is evident that game meat marketers should exercise stricter control over the quality of game meat, and that supermarkets and butcheries are not promoting game meat extensively enough.
Cranial variability of the European Middle Triassic sauropterygian Simosaurus gaillardoti

Simosaurus is a Triassic eosauropterygian genus known from cranial and postcranial elements, found in the Middle and Upper Triassic strata of Europe and the Middle East. Simosaurus gaillardoti is currently recognised as the only valid species of the genus, identified in Ladinian strata of an area that includes northeastern France (Lorraine) and southwestern Germany (Baden-Württemberg). The remains from this area include more than 20 skulls. Although some of them were described in detail and figured by several authors since the discovery of S. gaillardoti , many others remained unpublished. Here we study and figure 25 skulls from this taxon, reviewing the previously known specimens, and presenting and analyzing numerous unpublished skulls. This significant sample of skulls from a single taxon of a European Triassic eosauropterygian allows us to recognise intraspecific variability in characters previously identified as non-variable in this species, including some that are often included in phylogenetic analyses of these reptiles. Therefore, we markedly increase our knowledge of the cranial skeleton in this taxon.
GENRE-BASED DIGITAL STORYTELLING IN THE 21st CENTURY EDUCATION: A STUDENTS’ PERCEPTION

The present study is aimed at investigating the perception of elementary school pre-service teachers regarding the genre based digital story telling projects in their General English (GE) class. The benefits and challenges of digital storytelling projects have been studied by many researchers. However, perception of elementary school pre-service teachers of the issue is still rarely investigated. The data were collected from open and closed questionnaire to 47 elementary school pre-service teachers of a public university in West Java, Indonesia. In the second semester, they had a GE class (kelas Mata Kuliah Umum/MKU Bahasa Inggris). They were given two genre-based digital storytelling projects i.e., the digital descriptive and narrative text projects. The findings are further explained in relation to the 4Cs skill in 21st century education. It is found that genre-based digital storytelling projects improve the elementary school pre-service teachers’ communication, collaboration, creative thinking, and creativity skill. The pre-service teachers generally perceived the learning as meaningful, engaging, and enjoyable, supporting digital storytelling as a powerful media in the 21st century education.
Guidance note for Programme Managers and Engineers

Volume 3 of the third edition of the Guidelines for the Safe Use of Wastewater, Excreta and Greywater in Agriculture and Aquaculture is intended to provide a basis for the development and implementation of health risk assessment and management approaches (including standards and regulations) to address hazards associated with human wastefed aquaculture. It provides a framework for informed national and local decision making. Aquaculture refers to the production of fish and non-molluscan shellfish and aquatic plants (filter-feeding molluscan shellfish are not considered in the Guidelines). Waste refers to domestic sewage that does not contain industrial effluents at levels that could pose threats to the functioning of the sewerage system, treatment plant, public health or the environment and excreta (faeces and urine or nightsoil, and faecal sludge and septage). The guidelines aim at maximizing overall public health benefits and at promoting the beneficial use of scarce resources.
Assessment of Myocardial Perfusion Following PTCA Detected with Spin-Echo Echo-Planar MR

Purpose: To assess myocardial perfusion following percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) using magnetic resonance (MR) multi-slice spin-echo echo planar imaging (SE-EPI). Materials and Methods: Forty-eight patients with AMI were studied with MR SE-EPI before and one week after PTCA. The dynamic MR perfusion images were generated with multi-slice SE-EPI after a bolus injection of the contrast agent, gadolinium diethylene tramine pentaacetic acid (Gd-DTPA). The first-pass myocardial signal intensity versus time (SI-T) curves were obtained from the T2/T2*-weighted SE-EPI images by localizing regions of interest (ROI) in the left ventricular (LV) long-axis and short-axis imaging planes. The myocardial perfusion was assessed from the ratio of the changes of the perfusion signal intensity (SI) as well as the down-slope rate of the SIT curves. The results were compared with those of fifteen healthy volunteers. Results: Injection of Gd-DTPA resulted in a dramatic decrease of SI in normal myocardial segments. The SI of ischemic regions before PTCA decreased more slowly and to a lesser extent, than that of normal myocardial regions. The mean perfusion SI ratio of the normal territories was 61.9±6.1%, while that of ischemic regions supplied by coronary arteries with subtotal or complete occlusion was 3612% (P<0.01 vs normal areas) before PTCA. The mean perfusion SI ratio was increased significantly after PTCA (5221%, P<0.01 vs before PTCA). Conclusion: Multi-slice, rapid SE-EPI can be used to detect differences in myocardial perfusion before and after PTCA following AMI. This imaging approach may represent a noninvasive method for identifying functionally significant coronary stenoses and monitoring the success of coronary interventions.
Will-to-live and survival in a 10-year follow-up among older people

Introduction: interventions to prevent hospital readmission depend on the identification of patients at risk. The LACE index predicts readmission (and death) and is in clinical use internationally. The LACE index was investigated in an older UK population. Methods: randomly selected alive-discharge episodes were reviewed. A LACE score was calculated for each patient and assessed using receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curves. A logistic regression model was constructed, compared with the LACE and validated in a separate population. Results: a total of 507 patients were included with a mean (SD) age of 85 (6.5) years; 17.8% were readmitted and 4.5% died within 30 days. The median LACE score of those readmitted compared with those who were not was 12.5 versus 12 (P = 0.13). The Lace index was only a fair predictor of both 30-day readmission and death with c-statistics of 0.55 and 0.70, respectively. Only the emergency department visit was an independent predictor of readmission, with a c-statistic of 0.61 for readmission. In a validation cohort of 507 cases, the c-statistic of the regression model was 0.57. 784 P. E. Cotter et al. D ow naded rom http/academ ic.p.com /ageing/artictract/41/6/784/13457 by gest on 14 Feruary 2019 Conclusion: the LACE index is a poor tool for predicting 30-day readmission in older UK inpatients. The absence of a simple predictive model may limit the benefit of readmission avoidance strategies.
Determinants of Learning Management Systems during COVID-19 Pandemic for Sustainable Education

Research has shown that effective and efficient learning management systems (LMS) were the main reasons for sustainable education in developed nations during COVID-19 pandemic. However, due to slow take-up of LMS many schools in developing countries, especially Africa were completely shut down due to COVID-19 pandemic. To fill this gap, 4 AI-based models; Support Vector Machine (SVM), Gaussian Process Regression (GPR), Artificial Neural Network (ANN), and Boosted Regression Tree (BRT) were developed for prediction of LMS determinants. Nonlinear sensitivity analysis was employed to select the key parameters of the LMS determinants data obtained from 1244 schools’ students. Five statistical indices were used to validate the models. The performance results of the four developed AI models discovered facilitating conditions, attitude towards LMS, perceived enjoyment, users’ satisfaction, perceived usefulness, and ease of use to be the most significant factors that affect educational sustainability in Nigeria during COVID-19. Further, single model’s performance results comparison proved that SVM has the highest prediction ability compared to GPR, ANN, and BRT due to its robustness in handling data uncertainties. The study results identified the factors responsible for total schools’ closure during COVID-19. Future studies should examine the application of other linear and other nonlinear AI techniques.
Controlling Working Crowds: The Impact of Digitalization on Worker Autonomy and Monitoring Across Hierarchical Levels

Abstract This study investigates the impact of information and communication technologies (ICT) on worker autonomy and monitoring using the second wave of the German Linked Personnel Panel, a linked employer-employee data set. From a theoretical point of view, the impact of ICT on workplace organization is ambiguous. On the one hand, the fast diffusion of ICT among employees makes it possible to monitor professional activities, leading to greater centralization. On the other hand, ICT enable employees to work more autonomously, so that workplace organization becomes more decentralized. Based on ordinary least squares and instrumental variable estimates, we find that ICT promotes both centralization and decentralization tendencies. Furthermore, managerial employees are more affected by ICT-induced monitoring and autonomy than their non-managerial counterparts. Finally, the effect of digital ICT on employee autonomy is more pronounced than the corresponding effect on employee monitoring. Again, this does especially hold for managerial employees. All in all, our results support the view that unlike prior technological revolutions digitalization primarily affects the employment prospects and working conditions of employees at medium and higher hierarchical levels.
Representing class in qualitative research

In 1993, with Julie McLeod, I began a seven-year qualitative, longitudinal study of young people in Australia. The 12 to 18 Project1 was intended as a longitudinal study to investigate (i) the development of young people’s gendered identity in Australia now, and (ii) schooling’s contribution to social inequalities: the way in which different schools interact with and produce differentiated outcomes for different types of young people. It was a project inspired by the fact that we had both spent many years studying education, gender formation, inequalities, changing cultural and policy discourse and wanting to design a new type of study to take us further with these interests. It was also a study whose design was influenced by two film series, both of them also concerned, in different ways, with representing social differences and development of individual identity and outcomes over time.
Morphological Characteristics of Scutellonema bradys Populations Responsible for Yam Dry Rot in Côte d’Ivoire

The great diversity of agroecological factors that cover the yam production area in Côte d’Ivoire can be a source of morphological variability within Scutellonema bradys species, responsible for yam dry rot. This study aims at identifying the morphological group(s) of S. bradys which infect(s) yam Dioscorea cayenensis-rotundata. Two hundred ten yam tubers for sale in food markets in the Autonomous District of Abidjan were sampled from traders. After extraction and identification, a morphological characterization was carried out on S. bradys populations using morphological descriptors. Yam tubers sampled from food markets came from three agroecological zones namely dry tropical savannah, semi-deciduous dense forest and transitional forest areas. Morphometric variables and ratios used individually did not help identify morphological groups. Principal component analysis, however, performed with the most discriminating variables and ratios revealed three morphological groups named "large", "medium" and "small" in males and females and confirmed by the agglomerative hierarchical clustering. Each group consisted of a rate greater than 48% of individuals from a given agroecological zone. Three morphological groups of S. bradys are associated with yam dry rot in Côte d’Ivoire. Pathogenic and molecular characterization of the morphological groups would be necessary with a view to researching control methods. Original Research Article Kouakou et al.; JABB, 24(2): 43-59, 2021; Article no.JABB. 67637 44
On the length of bank-firm relationships: an empirical application to a major French bank

In this paper, we analyse whether the likelihood of the bank-firm relationships ending is dependent on their age or not and whether the respective behaviour is smooth or changes over their length. A parametric duration analysis is employed in this analysis. We start by estimating a continuous-time Weibull duration model over the duration of the relationships between 1185 firms and one of the major French banks. Our findings show that the likelihood of the relationships between them ending increases over their duration, but other specific factors to the firms, to the bank, to their own relationship and certain pricing conditions also play an important role in the duration of those relationships. Additionally, we extend the baseline Weibull duration model in order to allow for changepoints in the duration dependence parameter. The empirical findings support the presence of a change-point: positive duration dependence is observed for those relationships that last less than 23 years, but no evidence of duration dependence is found for longer events. Hence, we conclude that the likelihood of these relationships ending increases over time, but only until about 23 years of duration; then the relations become stronger and the likelihood of they ending is no longer dependent on its duration but on other conditionings.