Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
HIV_A_216093 321..332

Kwadwo Koduah Owusu 1 Raphael Adu-Gyamfi 2 Zamzam Ahmed 1School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, Hertfordshire, UK; 2National AIDS/STI Control Programme, Ghana Health Service, Korle-Bu, Accra, Ghana Abstract: Of the 37 million people estimated to be living with HIV globally in 2017, about 24.7 million were in the sub-Saharan Africa region, which has been and remains worst affected by the epidemic. Enrolment of newly diagnosed individuals into care in the region, however, remains poor with up to 54% not being linked to care. Linkage to care is a very important step in the HIV cascade as it is the precursor to initiating antiretroviral therapy (ART), retention in care, and viral suppression. A systematic review was conducted to gather information regarding the strategies that have been documented to increase linkage to care of Persons living with HIV(PLHIV) in urban areas of sub-Saharan Africa. An electronic search was conducted on Scopus, Cochrane central, CINAHL Plus, PubMed and OpenGrey for linkage strategies implemented from 2006. A total of 189 potentially relevant citations were identified, of which 7 were eligible for inclusion. The identified strategies were categorized using themes from literature. The most common strategies included: health system interventions (i.e. comprehensive care, task shifting); patient convenience and accessibility (i.e. immediate CD4 count testing, immediate ART initiation, community HIV testing); behavior interventions and peer support (i.e. assisted partner services, care facilitation, mobile phone appointment reminders, health education) and incentives (i.e. non-cash financial incentives and transport reimbursement). Several strategies showed favorable outcomes: comprehensive care, immediate CD4 count testing, immediate ART initiation, and assisted partner services. Assisted partner services, same day home-based ART initiation, combination intervention strategies and point-of-care CD4 testing significantly improved linkage to care in urban settings of sub-Saharan African region. They can be delivered either in a health facility or in the community but should be facilitated by health workers. There is, however, the need to conduct more linkage-specific studies in the sub-region.
Dividend Policy and Banks’ Profitability in Nigeria

The study examined the effect of dividend policy on the profitability of selected banks in Nigeria using a time frame of 2011 to 2015. The study adopted ex post facto research design while the data used were extracted from the annual reports and accounts of the sampled banks. The data obtained were analysed via descriptive analysis of variables while multiple regression analysis was employed for the estimation of the model for testing the hypothesis. The result revealed that banks’ dividend payout ratio and total assets have significant effect on the profit after tax of banks in Nigeria while it was reported that banks’ dividend per share has no significant effect on their profit after tax. The study recommended that it is imperative for Nigerian banks to always find ways of increasing the percentage of distributable earnings being paid to the ordinary shareholders in the form of dividends as well as finding means of boosting their capital base in order to enhance and improve the profit after tax of the banks while the banks should be strategic in the determination of the amount of gross dividend being declared on every issued ordinary share ranking for dividend.
The catch-up growth at 2 years of newborns born less than 32 weeks of gestational age

Introduction: Very low birth weight newborns have an increased risk of neonatal complications and long-term malnutrition. In this paper the authors try to evaluate the catch-up growth of infants born with less than 32 weeks of gestational age (GA) and the effect of breast milk during the neonatal period on the later nutritional status, reflected on the somatometry at the age of 2. Material and methods: This is a retrospective study with a population of newborns with GA less than 32 weeks or weighing less than 1,500 grams, admitted to a level III Neonatal Intensive Care Unit between 2009 and 2012. Patients are divided into two groups: group 1, children with follow-up at 2 years of age; group 2, follow-up drop-out. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS®, p-values < 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results: 262 newborns were included, 158 (60.3%) had a clinical follow-up at 2 years-old. We found statistically significant differences between the two groups, regarding lower GA and head circumference z-score at birth, as well as increased risk of infection in group 1; comorbidities were more frequent in group 2. Birth weight z-score is the only variable that positively affects weight z-score. Follow-up weight z-score is positively affected by weight z-score at birth and negatively affected by the extent of in-hospital exclusive enteral feeding. GA and age at onset of exclusive enteral feeding do not present significant correlation. Intraperiventricular haemorrhage is associated with lower head circumference z-score at follow-up; in contrast, larger head circumference z-score at discharge and weight z-score at follow-up are associated with larger head circumference at follow-up. Conclusion: This study highlights how a deficient nutritional status at discharge delays a growth recovery at the age of 2, emphasizing the influence of birth weight and breast milk on growth.
Temporal variation of the pseudo total content of heavy metals in Ulaanbaatar soil

This work shows some of the results of investigation into pseudo total content of heavy metals in the surface soil of Ulaanbaatar.The main objectives of this study are to (i) evaluate temporal variability of pseudo-total content of Pb, Cu, Zn, Cd, Cr, Ni, Co and Mn in surface soil of Ulaanbaatar collected from 2003 to 2018, (ii) identify the main discriminates - metals during the years 2003-2018 years and, (iii) investigate the interdependence of main discriminates on the soil reaction (pH) and soil organic matter.Due to urbanization and negative human activities, surface soil in Ulaanbaatar losing their natural features, which are changing, while the spatial and temporal distribution of heavy metals in urban surface soil is becoming irregular. In Ulaanbaatar surface soil, the mean concentration of Cu, Zn and Pb much mois very high and the mean concentration of Co is lower than background soil. In some land use zones, it was found that the mean concentraion of Zn and Cr was considerably higher than the permissible level. The pollution condition of Mn, Zn, Cr, Ni and Cd was the same in 2010-2018 and the pollution conditions of Pb, Cu and Co are different. The main discriminants are Pb, Cu and Co. In Ulaanbaatar soil, a strikingly close correlationhip was established for Cu, Pb with the soil organic matter, and for Cd, Zn, Cr with the pH, respectively.
The Role of Parental Emotion Socialization in Norwegian Preschool Children’s Anxiety

Author: Mina Caroline Zachariassen Engebretsen Supervisor: Sophie Havighurst Title: The Role of Parental Emotion Socialization in Norwegian Preschool Children’s Anxiety Learning to regulate and manage emotions efficiently are important parts of normal development for children (Eisenberg, Cumberland, & Spinrad, 1998). Children learn a considerable amount about emotions from their parents, and parental emotion socialization has been shown to play a role in predicting and preventing anxiety symptoms in children (Bögels & Brechman-Toussaint, 2006; Eisenberg et al., 1998; Morris, Silk, Steinberg, Myers, & Robinson, 2007; Suveg, Morelen, Brewer, & Thomassin, 2010). However, limited research has been conducted on the relationship between parental emotion socialization and child anxiety in Norway. The aim of the present study was to explore the role of parental emotion socialization in child anxiety in a Norwegian sample. This study explored whether parent anxiety predicted preschool children’s anxiety, and whether parent’s emotion dysregulation was related to the way parents responded to their children’s emotions (dismissive/coaching). Parenting (dismissive/coaching) was examined to see whether it mediated the relation between parent emotion dysregulation and child anxiety, or parent anxiety and child anxiety in two separate models. Lastly, the study explored whether parents’ emotion socialization (parent emotion dysregulation, responses to children’s emotions) predicted preschool children’s anxiety symptoms beyond the contributions of child temperamental shyness. The data used in this master’s thesis was collected as part of a larger project at the University of Oslo known as Norwegian Tuning in to Kids (N-TIK) Effectiveness trial. A sample of 258 primary caregivers participated in the study. Each parent had a child attending their second to last year of kindergarten (4-5 years of age). Parents completed an online questionnaire. The research questions were explored using correlation and regression analyses. The results indicated that anxious parents had children with higher level of anxiety than less anxious parents. Emotionally dysregulated parents had a higher level of emotion dismissive parenting and a lower level of emotion coaching parenting with their children. Parent emotion dysregulation and child anxiety symptoms were directly linked, but also partly mediated by emotion dismissing parenting style. This parenting style also partly mediated the relationship between parent anxiety symptoms and child anxiety symptoms. Temperament had a higher unique contribution to child anxiety than emotion socialization, however, parent emotion
NORDIC JOURNAL OF INFORMATION LITERACY IN HIGHER EDUCATION

One purpose of this article is to shed light upon the concept of voice in writing, related to genres and sources in humanities. Another purpose is to participate in the academic discussion on voice. We want to raise awareness about the use of voice, in general, among students and supervisors. We want to inspire and motivate students to voice their texts explicitly and naturally – by using different genres and by entering into dialogue with central sources. Such sources can be used to create new meaning and for sense making, but they do not carry a given answer (Dervin, 1999; Holliday & Rogers, 2013). The variation and complexity of voice is present in the variety of sources students find and use, such as articles, textbooks, dissertations, interviews, films, pictures, etc. Voices are explicit or implicit in all kind of sources used. Voices emerge as authoritative and experienced within academia, for instance in textbooks and articles. Voices may be creative and inviting. Some are attractive and believable, others hesitant or uncertain, as voices in many texts written by students. Students, at all academic levels, express insecurity when working with academic writing and genres. However, by analysing and practicing different academic genres and by attending to voice(s) in others’ texts, students are empowered to explore genres and sources and to voice their own texts. By using and entering into dialogue with various sources, students make choices about how to present and interact with sources. In these ways, students develop their voices and improve their texts. Our theoretical point of departure deals with voice, dialogue (Elbow, 2007; Bakhtin, 1986) and the use of sources combined with the search for information (Dervin, 1999; Holliday & Rogers, 2013). We analyse and compare two examples of the use of sources in academic texts, in order to show how texts representing two genres, use voices and sources in different ways. We present supervisors’ guidance strategies, representing supervisors’ voices. We – and supervisors – mention students’ general challenges with academic writing. Finally, we present dialogic “Students Can Write! ” How can Students Explore and Improve their Writing by Using Different Academic Genres, Sources and Voices? 40 strategies and propose a new dialogic strategy. This new strategy combines and unites reading and writing in different genres, drawing on and entering into dialogue with central sources, with different and clear ways of voicing; explicit and implicit voicing. Our dialogic strategy – and other intended dialogic strategies – can be used by students and all supervisors who assist students in writing, when dealing with voice(s) and sources.
Knowledge regarding Alzheimer's Disease among College Students of Kathmandu, Nepal

Introduction Alzheimer's, a neurodegenerative disease, is becoming a growing burden and the leading cause of disability among older people, and there is no cure for it. It is set to be the biggest killer among the growing elderly population. The aim of this study was to assess the knowledge of Alzheimer's disease among college students in Kathmandu metropolitan city. Methods This was a descriptive cross-sectional study among 385 randomly selected bachelor students of Kathmandu metropolitan city. The questionnaire included 2 sections. Section I addressed the sociodemographic characteristics of the participants. Section II addressed or covered the Alzheimer's Disease Knowledge Scale (ADKS) test. ADKS contains a set of 30 items, with true and false options. 1 point was given for the correct answer and 0 for the incorrect answer. The final sum was then the total score of the participant. Frequency, percentage, mean, and standard deviation were calculated, and the chi-square test was used to measure the association between two categorical variables. Results The mean ADKS (Alzheimer's Disease Knowledge Scale) score is 15.45 ± 2.95 with the lowest and highest mean total scores of 8 and 26, respectively. 49.5% of the respondents scored above the mean. The number of male and female respondents who scored above the mean is 68 and 95, respectively, with p value 0.71 and odds ratio 0.922. There is no association between gender and knowledge level. Gender seemed to have no effect on the knowledge about Alzheimer's disease on the basis of the Alzheimer's Disease Knowledge Scale (ADKS). However, science students had comparatively better knowledge about disease than management students. The mean score of science and management is 15.9 and 15.04, respectively, with p value 0.004. There is association between knowledge score and faculty. Conclusion This study concluded that the knowledge level of college students on Alzheimer's disease is below moderate. The findings concluded that there is association between faculty and knowledge score.
Human Leptospirosis in New Caledonia: Epidemiology, Laboratory Diagnostic Changes and Microbiology Patterns from 2006 to 2016, and Comparison with Previous and Regional Findings

With over one million cases worldwide yearly and high fatality in symptomatic forms, human leptospirosis is a growing public health concern for the most vulnerable populations, especially in the global warming and uncontrolled urbanization context. Although the Asia-Pacific region is particularly affected, accurate epidemiological data are lacking. We conducted an eleven-year retrospective laboratory-based epidemiological survey in New Caledonia and compared our results with previous and regional data. From 2006 until 2016, we identified 904 cases, affecting mostly young males. We observed a clear seasonality with an annual peak in March-April. Our results demonstrate that leptospirosis remains highly endemic in New Caledonia with an average annual incidence of 30.6/100 000 and a case fatality rate of 3.2%. Over the period, there was a major shift from indirect serological diagnosis by MAT to direct diagnosis by real-time PCR, a more specific and sensitive test when performed early in the course of the disease. The systematic implementation of genotyping informed on the variety of the infective strains involved, with a predominance of serogroups Icterohaemorrhagiae and Pyrogenes. This time series showcases the trends of leptospirosis biological diagnosis to modern molecular approaches with an impact on epidemiological surveillance.
Stability analysis of sugarcane (Saccharum spp) genotypes for matric and quality traits by AMMI Model

The experiment across nine environments (three cuttings × three locations) was conducted during 2009-10 and 2010-11 crop seasons to study the effect of genotype × environment interaction (GEI) on a cane, CCS yield and sucrose (%) in sugarcane (Saccharum spp). Analysis of variance of 10 genotypes revealed that genotype, environment and GEI were highly significant. The additive main effects and multiplicative interaction (AMMI) model was used to interpret the behaviour of genotype, environment and their interaction. In fact, the objective of this study was to identify stable and adaptable genotypes across the locations and to determine the magnitude of G×E interaction. AMMI analysis of variance showed that 52.93% of the total SS for cane yield, 60.48% for CCS yield ad 56.0% for sucrose (%) was attributed to the environmental effects, indicating that the locations were diverse. The PCA-1 and PCA-2 were also significant and both sums contributed cumulatively to 66.84% to the total of G×E interaction. The genotype CoP 05437 (4) exhibited high cane and CCS yield along with wider stability and adaptability to the different environments. However, BO 91 (8), CoSe 092423 (10), CoSe 05452 (5), Co 05019 (2) and CoBln 04174 (7) genotypes showed instability and specific adaptability to the environments, while CoP 09301 (9) genotype showed higher sucrose (%) and greater stability across the environments for this trait.
Dimensional analysis of a landscape evolution model with incision threshold

Abstract. The ability of erosional processes to incise into a topographic surface can be limited by a threshold. Incision thresholds affect the topography of landscapes and their scaling properties and can introduce nonlinear relations between climate and erosion with notable implications for long-term landscape evolution. Despite their potential importance, incision thresholds are often omitted from the incision terms of landscape evolution models (LEMs) to simplify analyses. Here, we present theoretical and numerical results from a dimensional analysis of an LEM that includes terms for threshold-limited stream-power incision, linear diffusion, and uplift. The LEM is parameterized by four parameters (incision coefficient and incision threshold, diffusion coefficient, and uplift rate). The LEM's governing equation can be greatly simplified by recasting it in a dimensionless form that depends on only one dimensionless parameter, the incision-threshold number Nθ. This dimensionless parameter is defined in terms of the incision threshold, the incision coefficient, and the uplift rate, and it quantifies the reduction in the rate of incision due to the incision threshold relative to the uplift rate. Being the only parameter in the dimensionless governing equation, Nθ is the only parameter controlling the evolution of landscapes in this LEM. Thus, landscapes with the same Nθ will evolve geometrically similarly, provided that their boundary and initial conditions are normalized according to appropriate scaling relationships, as we demonstrate using a numerical experiment. In contrast, landscapes with different Nθ values will be influenced to different degrees by their incision thresholds. Using results from a second set of numerical simulations, each with a different incision-threshold number, we qualitatively illustrate how the value of Nθ influences the topography, and we show that relief scales with the quantity Nθ+1 (except where the incision threshold reduces the rate of incision to zero).
Screening of erm Gene of Inducible Clindamycin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus

Antibiotic resistance exhibited by Staphylococcus aureus is a growing global concern. This work was undertaken to determine the prevalence rate of inducible clindamycin resistant S. aureus in nasal sample and detect ermB gene in the isolates with inducible clindamycin resistance. Nasal swabs were collected from the school children and cultured on Mannitol Salt Agar (MSA) and Blood Agar (BA) for observation of colony morphology. Gram staining and biochemical test (catalase, oxidase, O-F and coagulase) were performed for further identification of the bacteria. The Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method using a cefoxitin disc (30 μg) was used to detect methicillin resistant S. aureus (MRSA). All, the MRSA isolates were tested for ermB gene by PCR amplification. Among 64 S. aureus isolates, 17 (26 %) were MRSA. The prevalence of Inducible clindamycin resistant S. aureus (iMLSB) isolates was 23.4 % in the S. aureus isolates. All the isolates of MRSA were resistant to penicillin, while 88.2 % were sensitive to gentamicin. The prevalence of ermB gene was 3.1 % in the total S. aureus isolates and 11.7 % MRSA showed the presence of this gene. Routinely performing a D-test in laboratory will guide the clinicians on the rationale use of clindamycin and improving hygienic practices can reduce the spread of inducible clindamycin resistance.
Consumers’ product evaluations in emerging markets Does country of design, country of manufacture, or brand image matter?

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate, in an emerging market, the simultaneous effects of country of design (COD), country of manufacture (COM), and brand image on consumers’ perceptions of bi-national products. A comprehensive model broadens country-of-origin literature by incorporating brand image and the concepts of fit and congruity borrowed from brand extension research. Perceptual (in) coherences that might exist among COD, COM, and the brand are incorporated. Design/methodology/approach – Tunisia is the emerging market studied. A total of 389 respondents evaluated different product combinations (COD/COM/brand) in two categories. Relationships between constructs are tested using structural equation modelling. Findings – Consumers are sensitive to the COD (more so for public than for private goods) and also value the COM of branded products. The transfer of the COD image to brand image is significant. It is very high for one product category (cars). Brand/COM congruity is also important since product evaluations decrease when consumers perceive incoherence in a manufacturing location. Research limitations/implications – The paper used limited informational cues for products’ descriptions and concentrate on fairly complex durable goods. Research design should be expanded. Practical implications – Perceived COD competencies can benefit brand image through strong COD-brand associations. In emerging markets, COD (through brand image) and COM effects are important for understanding consumers’ perceptions of publicly versus privately used branded products. Originality/value – The major contribution consists of a simultaneous examination of the effects of COD, COM, brand, and of their inter-relationships. Investigating bi-national products and related consumer behaviour in emerging markets is of particular interest as it corresponds to the reality of these markets.