Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Word Features for Latent Dirichlet Allocation

We extend Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) by explicitly allowing for the encoding of side information in the distribution over words. This results in a variety of new capabilities, such as improved estimates for infrequently occurring words, as well as the ability to leverage thesauri and dictionaries in order to boost topic cohesion within and across languages. We present experiments on multi-language topic synchronisation where dictionary information is used to bias corresponding words towards similar topics. Results indicate that our model substantially improves topic cohesion when compared to the standard LDA model.
Development and use of a genitourinary pathology digital teaching set for trainee education

Background : Automated, high-speed, high-resolution whole slide imaging (WSI) robots are becoming increasingly robust and capable. This technology has started to have a significant impact on pathology practice in various aspects including resident education. To be sufficient and adequate, training in pathology requires gaining broad exposure to various diagnostic patterns through teaching sets, which are traditionally composed of glass slides. Methods: A teaching set of over 295 glass slides has been used for resident training at the Division of Genitourinary Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center. Whole slide images were prepared from these slides using an Aperio ScanScope CS scanner. These images and case-related information were uploaded on a web-based digital teaching model. Results: The web site is available at: https://www.secure. opi.upmc. edu/genitourinary/index.cfm. Once logged in, users can view the list of cases, or search cases with or without diagnoses shown. Each case can be accessed through an option button, where the clinical history, gross findings are initially shown. Whole slide images can be accessed through the links on the page, which allows users to make diagnoses on their own. More information including final diagnosis will display when the diagnosis-button is clicked. Conclusion: The web-based digital study set provides additional educational benefits to using glass slides. Residents or other users can remotely access whole slide images and related information at their convenience. Searching and sorting functions and self-testing mode allow a more targeted study. It would also prepare residents with competence to work with whole slide images. Further, the model can be expanded to include pre-rotation and post-rotation exams, and/or a virtual rotation system, which may potentially make standardization of pathology resident training possible in the future.
Enhanced immune response against HIV-1 induced by a heterologous DNA prime-adenovirus boost vaccination using mannosylated polyethyleneimine as DNA vaccine adjuvant

Background The heterologous deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) prime-adenovirus (AdV) boost vaccination approach has been widely applied as a promising strategy against human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1. However, the problem of inefficient delivery and lack of specificity of DNA vaccine remains a major issue. In this paper, to improve the transfection of DNA vaccine and realize dendritic cell targeting, we used mannosylated polyethyleneimine (man-PEI) as a DNA vector carrier. Method The DNA plasmid encoding antigen HIV gag fragment was constructed by polymerase chain reaction. Then the DNA plasmid was complexed with man-PEI. The in vitro transfection efficiency of man-PEI/DNA was analyzed on DC 2.4 cells. Mice were primed with 25 μg pVAX1-HIV gag plasmid complexed with man-PEI, 100 μg naked pVAX1-HIV gag plasmid, or empty pVAX1 vector and boosted by AdV encoding the same antigen. The antibody titer, CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell response, as well as interferon-γ and interleukin-4 levels in serum and in splenocytes culture were analyzed using flow cytometry or enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to evaluate the immune response. To test a long-term effect of the vaccination regimen, CD8+ memory T-cell was also detected by flow cytometry. Results The pVAX1-HIV gag was constructed successfully. The in vitro transfection efficiency in dendritic cells was significantly higher than naked DNA plasmid. Compared with 100 μg naked DNA/AdV group, the immunoglobulin G2a antibody titer, T-cell response percentage, and cytokine production level induced by man-PEI/DNA/AdV group were significantly higher at a lower DNA dose. Also, the man-PEI/DNA could stimulate a memory CD8+ T-cell response. Conclusion Owing to the adjuvant effect of man-PEI, the man-PEI/pVAX1-HIV gag priming plus AdV boosting strategy proved to be a potent vaccine candidate against HIV, which could induce a stronger immune response with a lower DNA dose.
Abelian Varieties and Moduli

A complex abelian variety is a smooth projective variety which happens to be a complex torus. This simplifies many things compared to general varieties, but it also means that one can ask harder questions. Abelian varieties are indeed abelian groups (unlike elliptic curves which aren't ellipses), however the use " abelian " here comes about from the connection with abelian integrals which generalize elliptic integrals.
Characterizing the Present‐Day Activity of the Tunka and Sayan Faults Within Their Relay Zone (Western Baikal Rift System, Russia)

The Sayan and Tunka faults are located at the boundary between the northernmost mountain belt of Central Asia (the Sayan‐Baikal ranges) and the Siberian platform. These prominent crustal structures were involved in the opening of the southern Baikal rift system since the beginning of the Cenozoic and define large‐scale sharp morphotectonic features. Despite low instrumental seismic activity, Late Pleistocene‐Holocene morphotectonic features along the two faults indicate that the faults are active and have the capacity to produce strong earthquakes. A careful mapping of the most recent trace of activity, within the south‐eastern parts of the two faults where they merge within a relay zone, demonstrates that they correspond now to left‐lateral‐reverse faults, suggesting a recent inversion of their vertical component. We also show that the two faults are now structurally connected via a young surface rupture and that no obvious post‐Last Glacial Maximum ruptures are observed along the central part of the Sayan Fault beyond its junction zone with the Tunka fault. This suggests that the left‐lateral strike‐slip deformation is transferred from the eastern Sayan fault to the Tunka fault. A detailed morphotectonic study along the south‐eastern Sayan fault allows estimating a left‐lateral slip rate between 1.3 (min) and 3.9 mm/year (max). Finally, a critical review of Russian paleoseismic data, combined with our paleoseismological investigations, allows us to propose that the mean recurrence time along the two faults is on the order of 4 kyr and that they may have either ruptured together or during seismic clusters.
Internet of Things: Solar power under forest canopy

Internet of Things (IoTs) concept has opened a window for forest to become a part of the technology connected ecosystem with power under the forest canopy as one of the primary concerns. A multitude of sensors can be deployed under the forest canopy for real time and periodic forest monitoring in the IoTs environment. In this research, the amount of solar power generation under a closed forest canopy is studied in detail. The key objective of this research is to provide an insight on power management for potential IoTs based forest monitoring devices. The minimum, maximum and average solar radiation received under the closed canopy is 1.87W/m^2, 761.67W/m^2 and 74.50W/m^2 respectively. By further computation, the monthly minimum, maximum and average total solar radiation is 10184.24Wh/m^2, 45791.08Wh/m^2 and 21087.47Wh/m^2 respectively. By modeling with a 12V 100W solar panel, the lowest and the highest solar power generated are 0.19W and 76.22W respectively. On the other hand, the monthly maximum and minimum total solar power generated is 4582.22Wh and 1019.12Wh respectively. A typical IoTs environmental sensing Node from Libelium consumes 503Wh per month which is lower than the minimum monthly total solar power generated. In overall, solar power generation is possible under a closed canopy to power an energy efficient IoTs device.
An Investigation of the Value of Spin-Echo-Based fMRI Using a Stroop Color–Word Matching Task and EPI at 3 T

This study examines the value of spin-echo-based fMRI for cognitive studies at the main magnetic field strength of 3 T using a spin-echo EPI (SE-EPI) sequence and a Stroop color-word matching task. SE-EPI has the potential advantage over conventional gradient-echo EPI (GE-EPI) that signal losses caused by dephasing through the slice are not present, and hence although image distortion will be the same as for an equivalent GE-EPI sequence, signal voids will be eliminated. The functional contrast in SE-EPI will be lower than for GE-EPI, as static dephasing effects do not contribute. As an auxiliary experiment interleaved diffusion-weighted and non-diffusion-weighted SE-EPI was performed in the visual cortex to further elucidate the mechanims of functional contrast. In the Stroop experiment activation was detected in all areas previously found using GE-EPI. Additional frontopolar and ventral frontomedian activations were also found, which could not be detected using GE-EPI. The experiments from visual cortex indicated that at 3 T the BOLD signal change has contributions from the extravascular space and larger blood vessels in roughly equal amounts. In comparison with GE-EPI the absence of static dephasing effects would seem to result in a superior intrinsic spatial resolution. In conclusion the sensitivity of SE-EPI at 3 T is sufficient to make it the method of choice for fMR studies that require a high degree of spatial localization or where the requirement is to detect activation in regions affected by strong susceptibility gradients.
A Multi-Resolution Image Understanding System Based on Multi-agent Architecture for High-Resolution Images

SUMMARY Recently a high-resolution image that has more than one million pixels is available easily. However, such an image requires much processing time and memory for an image understanding system. In this paper, we propose an integrated image understanding system ofmulti-resolution analysis and multiagent-based architecture for high-resolution images. The system we propose in this paper has capability to treat with a highresolution image effectively without much extra cost. We implemented an experimental system for images of indoor scenes.
Surface circulation in the Western Mediterranean shown by a synergy of satellite-derived datasets

The present study is aimed at bringing together the benefits of different approaches for extracting information on surface currents from satellite-derived datasets and ocean data reanalysis. As a region of interest, we use the Western Mediterranean, which is having a peculiar pattern of surface circulation, due to the inflow of Atlantic water through the Strait of Gibraltar. Among the data analysed in this study, there are fields of sea surface temperature (SST) as well as different datasets on surface currents retrieved from satellite altimetry data, satellite imagery and their synergy. In particular, we analyse (i) fields of geostrophic currents retrieved from a gridded sea level anomaly (SLA) data product, (ii) the data on total surface currents derived in the framework of the GlobCurrent project, and (iii) the data provided by reanalysis. Special attention is being paid to the performance of different datasets in manifesting largest mesoscale eddies of the region of interest. As a result of the comparison performed, the general scheme of surface circulation in the region of interest was updated. Main novelties proposed by the renewed scheme concerns the number of cyclonic gyres presenting in the field of surface currents.
A new synthetic speech/sound control language

The Multi-layered Speech/Sound Synthesis Control Language (MSCL) proposed herein facilitates the synthesizing of several speech modes such as nuance, mental state and emotion, and allows speech to be synchronized to other media easily. MSCL is a multi-layered linguistic system and encompasses three layers: and semantic level layer (The S-layer), interpretation level layer (The I-layer), and parameter level layer (The P-layer). The S-layer is the description level of semantics such as emotional and emphasized speech. The I-layer is the description level of prosodic feature controls and interprets The S-layer scripts to for control on I-layer level. The P-layer represents prosodic parameters for speech synthesis. This multi-level description system is convenient for both laymen and professional users. MSCL also encompasses many e ective prosodic feature control functions such as a time-varying pattern description function, absolute and relative control forms, and SDS(Speaker Dependent Scale). MSCL enables more emotional and expressive synthetic speech than conventional TTS systems. This paper describes these functions and the e ective prosodic feature controls possible with MSCL.
Tilted-Beam High Gain Antenna System Composed of a Patch Antenna and Periodically Arrayed Loops

A fed patch antenna is printed on a dielectric substrate (substrate 1) and a parasitic dielectric substrate (substrate 2) is located above the patch. Parasitic substrate 2 has M × (2N-1) strip loops on its bottom layer. The strip loops are square and specified by a fixed outer side length of sout and inner side lengths sm(m=1, 2,., M). When all the inner side lengths are equal, a high gain beam is formed in the direction normal to substrate 2. This normal beam is tilted by changing the phase distribution of the electric field over a horizontal plane just above substrate 2. It is found that gradating the strip widths of the loops contributes to changing the phase distribution, forming a high-gain tilted beam. A system of M × (2N - 1) = 9 × 9 shows an experimental maximum gain of 16.4 dBi for a 33° beam tilt. The frequency responses for the radiation pattern, beam direction, and VSWR for this high-gain antenna are also discussed.
Significance of durability of mineral fibers for their toxicity and carcinogenic potency in the abdominal cavity of rats in comparison with the low sensitivity of inhalation studies.

At the same time that carcinogenicity of very thin glass fibers after intrapleural and intraperitoneal (ip) administration was demonstrated (1,2) researchers found that gypsum fibers and HCI-leached chrysotile fibers were easily soluble in the peritoneal cavity. This led to the conclusion that the chemical composition of fibers was not responsible for the carcinogenesis but that the degree of carcinogenic potency of a fiber depended on the extent to which it retained its fibrous structure. A thin glass fiber with a low biodurability did not induce tumors after ip injection of a high dose, although the ip test had been criticized for being "overly sensitive. " The ip model has been the most successful for determining carcinogenicity of inorganic fibers and establishing dose-response relationships; but to determine the possibilities and limitations of this test model, very high doses of nonfibrous silicon carbide and of a slightly durable glass fiber type were injected ip in Wistar rats. No obviously acute or chronic toxic effect was observed in 90 weeks, but there was a 40% incidence of serosal tumors in the group treated with glass fibers. A pilot study on the persistence of slag fibers in the omentum of rats after ip injection showed a half-time of about 1 year. It was calculated that an ip injection of 10(9) fibers would lead to a concentration of fiber numbers in the ash of the omentum in the same range as the concentration in the lung after 2 years of inhalation exposure. The long-term inhalation study with fibers in rats has been called the "gold standard" for risk characterization. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Differential diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease using spectrochemical analysis of blood

Significance Vibrational spectroscopy is an ideal technique for analysis of biofluids, as it provides a “spectral fingerprint” of all of the molecules present within a biological sample, thus generating a holistic picture of the sample’s status. Neurodegenerative diseases lack early and accurate diagnosis, and tests currently used for their detection are either invasive or expensive and time-consuming. This study used blood plasma to diagnose and differentiate various neurodegenerative diseases; the achieved sensitivities and specificities are equal to, or even higher than, the ones obtained by clinical/molecular methods. Herein, we show that spectroscopy could provide a simple and robust diagnostic test. Additional work should include asymptomatic individuals for an early screening test and exploration of neurodegenerative diseases at all stages of severity. The progressive aging of the world’s population makes a higher prevalence of neurodegenerative diseases inevitable. The necessity for an accurate, but at the same time, inexpensive and minimally invasive, diagnostic test is urgently required, not only to confirm the presence of the disease but also to discriminate between different types of dementia to provide the appropriate management and treatment. In this study, attenuated total reflection FTIR (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy combined with chemometric techniques were used to analyze blood plasma samples from our cohort. Blood samples are easily collected by conventional venepuncture, permitting repeated measurements from the same individuals to monitor their progression throughout the years or evaluate any tested drugs. We included 549 individuals: 347 with various neurodegenerative diseases and 202 age-matched healthy individuals. Alzheimer’s disease (AD; n = 164) was identified with 70% sensitivity and specificity, which after the incorporation of apolipoprotein ε4 genotype (APOE ε4) information, increased to 86% when individuals carried one or two alleles of ε4, and to 72% sensitivity and 77% specificity when individuals did not carry ε4 alleles. Early AD cases (n = 14) were identified with 80% sensitivity and 74% specificity. Segregation of AD from dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB; n = 34) was achieved with 90% sensitivity and specificity. Other neurodegenerative diseases, such as frontotemporal dementia (FTD; n = 30), Parkinson’s disease (PD; n = 32), and progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP; n = 31), were included in our cohort for diagnostic purposes. Our method allows for both rapid and robust diagnosis of neurodegeneration and segregation between different dementias.
Generalized Taylor-Aris dispersion in discrete spatially periodic networks: microfluidic applications.

A theory is presented for the lumped parameter, convective-diffusive transport of individual, noninteracting Brownian solute particles ("macromolecules") moving within spatially periodic, solvent-filled networks--the latter representing models of chip-based microfluidic chromatographic separation devices, as well as porous media. Using graph-theoretical techniques, the composite medium is conceptually decomposed into a network of channels (the edges) through which the solute is transported by a combination of molecular diffusion and either "piggyback" entrainment within a flowing solvent or an externally applied force field acting upon the solute molecules. A probabilistic choice of egress channel for a solute particle exiting the intersection (vertex) of the channels is furnished by an imperfect mixing model. A spatially periodic, Taylor-Aris-like "method-of-moments" scheme is applied to this transport model, leading to discrete matrix equations for computing the network-scale particle velocity vector U(*) and dispersivity dyadic D(*) in terms of the prescribed microscale transport parameters and network geometry characterizing the basic unit cell of which the spatially periodic device is comprised. The ensuing algebraic equations governing the vertex-based, discrete unit-cell "fields" P(0)(infinity)(i) and B(i) (i=1,2,.,n), whose paradigmatic summations yield U(*) and D(*), constitute discrete analogs of classical continuous macrotransport phenomenological parameters, P(0)(infinity)(r) and B(r), with r a continuous position vector defined within the unit cell. The ease with which these discrete calculations can be performed for complex networks renders feasible parametric studies of potential microfluidic chip designs, particularly those pertinent to biomolecular separation schemes. Application of this discrete theory to the dispersion analysis of pressure-driven flow in spatially periodic serpentine microchannels is shown to accord with existing results previously derived using classical continuous macrotransport theory.
Learning of Sensorimotor Contingencies to move a Four-Legged Robot

In this paper, an approach for learning of crawling movements of a four-legged autonomous robot is presented. On the basis of a self-supervised strategy, the robot learns to choose its next movement by its sensorimotor states. This is based on feedback gained from the environment by actively tracking an object. Within a few hours of training, the robot shows interesting crawling behaviour patterns which occur in different stages, comparable to the learning of movement by infants.
Recognizing Human Activities User-independently on Smartphones Based on Accelerometer Data

Real-time human activity recognition on a mobile phone is presented in this article. Unlike in most other studies, not only the data were collected using the accelerometers of a smartphone, but also models were implemented to the phone and the whole classification process (preprocessing, feature extraction and classification) was done on the device. The system is trained using phone orientation independent features to recognize five everyday activities: walking, running, cycling, driving a car and sitting/standing while the phone is in the pocket of the subject's trousers. Two classifiers were compared, knn (k nearest neighbors) and QDA (quadratic discriminant analysis). The models for real-time activity recognition were trained offline using a data set collected from eight subjects and these offline results were compared to real-time recognition rates, which are obtained by implementing models to mobile activity recognition application which currently supports two operating systems: Symbian^3 and Android. The results show that the presented method is light and, therefore, suitable for be used in real-time recognition. In addition, the recognition rates on the smartphones were encouraging, in fact, the recognition accuracies obtained are approximately as high as offline recognition rates. Also, the results show that the method presented is not an operating system dependent.
Cut and Paste Based Text Summarization

We present a cut and paste based text summarizer, which uses operations derived from an analysis of human written abstracts. The summarizer edits extracted sentences, using reduction to remove inessential phrases and combination to merge resulting phrases together as coherent sentences. Our work includes a statistically based sentence decomposition program that identifies where the phrases of a summary originate in the original document, producing an aligned corpus of summaries and articles which we used to develop the summarizer.
Wireless-Power-Transfer System Using Near-Field Capacitively Coupled Resonators

This brief presents the near-field capacitively coupled wireless charging system consisting of a transmitting dock resonator and a receiving multiband resonator. The transmitting dock resonator comprises a planar strip and a ring-shaped metal plate to deliver power to the multiple folded strips as the receiving 3-D multiband resonator at gigahertz band. The wireless charging system for a mobile handset is established to experimentally validate the application of the compact and high-efficiency capacitively coupled wireless charging system.