Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The effect of training of food handlers in hospitals kitchen in Khartoum State, Sudan

An interventional research was conducted in the kitchens of Khartoum state hospitals 2021 on the impact of training of food handlers in (12) hospitals with (56) food handlers to identify food hygiene requirement. Training was done before and interventions training after. Questionnaires were filled out with food handlers and interview with nutrition supervisor about kitchens. The data was statistically analyzed by using the Statistic Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) program version 25; the Paired Samples T Test and Chi-Square Test was used and there is an improvement at the level of indication 0.000 at the level (0.05). The results showed that the majority of food handlers were females (75%), the lack of quality of kitchens in buildings, equipment, utensils, hand facilities, no periodic inspection for raw materials and no any training about food safety and hygiene for all food services staff. The study concluded that training has an effective impact on kitchen quality. The study recommended that the ministry of health and hospitals to design kitchens with standardization and provide training to all workers periodically.
A new decade for social changes

This study aims to examine gender differences in reading skills (literal, inferential, critical, and appreciative) of 11th Grade students in public high schools in UAE and determine to what extent they are statistically significant. The survey uses a quantitative questionnaire about reading skills (literal, inferential, critical, and appreciative) in English. A total of 600 students (n = 300 male, n = 300 female) participated in this survey. A one-way ANOVA test is employed for data analysis. The results indicate that female students obtain higher mean scores (M = 3.54, SD =1.08) for reading practices with lower-level thinking skills (literal reading) and experience inferential and critical reading practices more than male students. However, they exhibit no significant difference in reading practices with lower-level thinking skills and inferential, critical, and appreciative reading skills in English. Future studies could extend this research domain to other countries in the Middle East with large student samples.
Running head: PERCEIVED SUPPORT, EMOTIONAL EXHAUSTION, AND TURNOVER The Moderating Role of Negative Affectivity

Using principles from conservation of resources theory (Hobfoll, 1989), this study examined the time-lagged relationship between perceived organizational support (POS; measured at Time 1), emotional exhaustion (measured six months later), and turnover (measured one year after Time 1), and included negative affectivity (NA) as a moderator. Drawing upon a sample of employees from multiple organizations (N = 135), we found POS to be unrelated to emotional exhaustion but the latter to be negatively related to turnover. NA moderated the relationship between POS and emotional exhaustion and POS’s indirect relationship to turnover, these relationships being stronger and positive at high levels of NA. Moreover, NA moderated the link between emotional exhaustion and turnover, this link being stronger and positive when NA was low. We discuss the relevance of conservation of resource theory as a useful framework for interpreting POS’s effects.
Orienting Task Performance between Young and Older Adults

Ageing causes deterioration in wide spectrum of visual, cognitive, and attentional functions. The attentional functions comprise of selection of an object and orientation toward its location. The visuospatial orientation toward a target is driven by cues which can be informative or uninformative. Studies showed that older adults were more sensitive to cue information than young adults (Bryan & Luszcz, 2000; Langley, Friesen, Saville & Ciernia, 2011) however; few studies reported that orienting of attention remains intact with ageing (Hartley, 1993). Present study examined the differences in the orienting task performance of 10 young (Age 18-35 years) and 10 older adults (Age 55-65 years), using Posner’s cuing paradigm. Reaction time and accuracy performance of the participants were recorded. Results revealed significant main effect of age for the reaction time measures and response accuracy where more orienting effect was observed among young adults in comparison to older adults.
y-Glutamyltransferase in Putative Premalignant Liver Cell Populations During Hepatocarcinogenesis1

The activity of y-glutamyltransferase, as measured quantitatively and by histochemical staining, was studied in different cell populations during the induction of liver cancer with 2-acetylaminofluorene (2-AAF) or diethylnitrosamine and compared with findings in fetal and in intact and regenerating adult liver. The enzyme activity is 20-fold higher in 12-week nodules than in control livers and 30-fold higher in 20-week nodules than in controls. A similar 30-fold increase in activity relative to control is present in hepatomas, induced by either 2-AAF or diethylnitrosamine, and in fetal hepatocytes. The enzyme shows increases in activity in foci of very early putative preneoplastic hepatocytes induced by a single dose of diethylnitrosamine and selected by low doses of 2-AAF plus partial hepatectomy. By 7 days, the foci show a 4-fold increase in enzyme activity, and by 3 weeks they are 40-fold higher than in the control liver. Histochemically, the foci are strongly positive for y-glutamyltransferase, especially in the bile canaliculi. By 21 days, the ductular (oval) cells induced by 2-AAF have disappeared. When stained for the enzyme activity, the foci stand out clearly against the negative background of the liver, allowing easy quantitation. It appears that y-glutamyltransferase is a useful marker for preneoplastic hepatocytes.
of Birmingham Designing a feasible exercise intervention in first-episode psychosis

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Successful Market Coverage Strategy-the Path to Retai lers A Study of the Bulgarian Office Products

Recently many academic researchers have become interested in the retailers as part of the distribution channel. Today retailers have grown so influential, that sometimes they take the functions of the wholesalers. The retailers constitute the road for manufacturers to the end market. Therefore, knowing retailers’ decision variables and assortment considerations is important for manufacturers when designing upon their marketing strategies. The study is conducted with focus on the Bulgarian office products retail industry. The purpose of the present research is to get a deeper understanding of retailers’ assortment criteria and analyze how the latter relates to market coverage strategy. Retailers’ assortment criteria concern decision variables such as profitability and sales, economic conditions, assortment considerations, consumer evaluation, marketing, supplier characteristics, competitive considerations, distributive factors, tactical considerations. The meaning underlying the assortment criteria is applied for arguing what market coverage strategy would best serve the Bulgarian retailers of office products. The research is performed employing qualitative method, in particular, in-depth semistructured interviews providing the possibility for a broad discussion. The results of the study revealed some common patterns pertaining to four main inductive categories including product, brand positioning, promotion and distributor’s attributes. The patterns corresponding to the categories were further related to the market coverage strategy alternatives, namely, intensive, selective and exclusive coverage strategy. The results of the study showed that the nature of the product requires considerable effort from the distributors’ side to persuade the retailers to become customers who are aware of the products’ attributes. In other words, the nature of the office products calls for certain knowledge and skills that the retailers have to gain in order to be successful as traders to their own customers and that can be best achieved if selective coverage strategy is employed. Further, the results of the study reveal that manufacturers of office products that would like to position their brands on the high quality dimension should pursue highly selective distribution as this creates a superior product image. The results of the study also show that greater selectivity is suitable since it guarantees that the retailers’ requirements related to promotion are met. Last, the authors suggest that higher degrees of selectivity is the most appropriate way for a manufacturer to follow the performance of distributors and thus, to ensure that the desired by the retailers distributor’s attributes are present.
THE ROLE OF PHONOTACTIC INFORMATION IN THE PROCESSING AND PRODUCTION OF INFLECTIONAL MORPHOLOGY

: In two separate studies, it was examined to what extent in languages with rich inflectional morphology, such as Serbian, in the tasks of automatic perception and word production we can rely on phonotactic information, i.e. permitted combinations of phonemes/graphemes. In the first study, with the help of support vector machines, word classes discrimination was carried out based on bigrams and trigrams generated at the morphosyntactic category level. In the second study, the production of inflected forms was explored, with the help of memory-based learning, relying on phonotactic information from the last four syllables of lemmas. Maximum discrimination accuracy of inflected word classes was obtained on the basis of bigrams reaching about 93% of accuracy. Similarly, in the task of inflectional production on all inflected word classes taken together, around 92% of the inflected forms were generated correctly. This confirms that phonotactic information in the perception and production of morphologically complex words plays an important role. Therefore, this information should be taken into account when considering the emergence of larger language units and patterns. The results show that functional connections between orthography/phonology and semantics lead to successful lexical learning, but at the same time they call into question the need for positing the existence of mental lexicon in which mental representations of various language characteristics are stored.
The Fear of Social Interaction: A Historiographical Essay on Ethnocentrism and Racism in Ancient Greece

Palavras-chave: Grécia antiga; racismo; etnicidade; preconceito cultural; autoctonia. Abstract This article discusses scholars who have been advocating the concepts of race and racism to explain cultural prejudic-es in ancient Greece and Rome. More precisely, this study debates the arguments for the case of an ancient racist or proto-racist Greece elaborated on by Benjamin Isaac (2004) in The Invention of Racism in Antiquity and Susan Lape (2010) in Race and Citizen Identity in the Classical Athenian Democracy . Thus, for this historiographical perspective, there is much more continuity between ancient and modern racism than we had assumed. This article highlights certain conceptual and argumentative flaws in this approach, maintaining that ethnic relations in ancient Greece are better explained as non-hereditary forms of cultural prejudice rather than as racism, which has a specific history related to European colonization and slave trade.
Effect of Firm Size on Sales Growth with Capital Structure as An Intervening Variable

The increasing need for consumer goods can cause the sectors of consumer goods are trying to increase their production activity which is supported by the firm's performance. It gives a signal of the high level of cash flow in the future and as a positive signal to creditors as an indication of the firm's sales growth. The purpose of this research is to test the validity of trade-off theory and resource-based view theory. In addition, this study aims to determine the direct effect and indirect effect between firm size on sales growth through capital structure. The sample used in this study are the sixteen companies for three years and those were tested by using path analysis and uses a quantitative research approach. The results of this study prove that firm size has a significant positive effect on sales growth through capital structure, which is proven based on the comparison of the indirect effect with the direct effect. This study aims to determine the direct effect and indirect effect between firm size on sales growth through capital structure. The sample used in this study is sixteen consumer goods sector companies that are listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange throughout 2016-2018. Sixteen companies were tested using path analysis. The result of this study shows that firm size has a significant positive effect on sales growth through capital structure, which is proven based on the comparison of the indirect effect with the direct effect .
PROPOSAL OF A NOVEL KNUDSEN PUMP DESIGN BENEFITTING FROM DRILLING AND 3D PRINTING TECHNIQUES IN LOW THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY MATERIALS

Over the past two decades a large number of MEMS and micro-devices have been developed. These miniaturized systems, such as lab-on-chip sensors, gas chromatography analyzers, etc., require micro-pumps for air sampling through the testing stages of the device. Additionally, some microscale components such as radio frequency switches, microscopic vacuum tubes and other parts that depend on electron or ion optics, require certain vacuum environment for proper operation. Simply sealing the devices is not sufficient because leaks and outgassing are excessively detrimental in vacuum devices at microscale level. Accordingly, such components may need vacuum pumping to maintain proper functionality. The thermal transpiration phenomenon has been extensively investigated; however, functional prototypes based on this phenomenon have been only recently developed. The Knudsen pump, which is one of the devices exploiting this well-known phenomenon, is able to generate a macroscopic gas flow by solely exploiting a tangential temperature gradient along a surface without requiring any external pressure gradient [1]. Specific geometrical and operational configurations have been
Effects of Pulsed Electromagnetic Field as a Supplement to Topical Dimethyl Sulfoxide and Controlled Exercise in Treatment of Equine SDF Tendonitis

BACKGROUND: Equine superficial digital flexor (SDF) tendonitis is a very common cause of lameness in athletic horses inducing long lameness and prolonged recovery. Multiple treatment protocols have been proposed for this injury none of which have been able to solve the problem completely. Therefore, an affordable, widely available, and non-invasive thera-peutic protocol is sought in the horse industry. OBJECTIVES: The present study aimed to compare the use of topical dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) with a combination of topical DMSO and pulsed electromagnetic field (PEMF). METHODS: The subjects were divided into two groups of five polo ponies. The animals in the control group were treated by topical DMSO and controlled exercise, while the ponies in the experiment group received the same protocol plus PEMF on the injured tendon. RESULTS: The ultrasonographic factors evaluated in the current study were mostly similar between the two groups except for fiber alignment and echogenicity. The latter variables were shown to have a slightly better improvement in the test group indicating the minimal positive effects of PEMF. In clinical evaluation, both groups were almost identical sug-gesting no impacts for PEMF. CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, applying PEMF using different protocols, such as more extended application at differ-ent frequencies is deemed necessary to elicit a favorable outcome of PEMF for the treatment of SDF tendonitis.
Barriers and opportunities for urban agri-green roofs in Mediterranean compact cities

The main objective of this study is to analyse the barriers and opportunities with regard to the implementation of urban agri-green roofs (UAGR) in cities. The case study was conducted in Barcelona, a Mediterranean compact city. The World Café methodology and a semi-quantitative analysis were used in this work. Five categories of barriers and opportunities were discussed (social, environmental, legal/administrative, technological/architectural, and economic) by interdisciplinary stakeholders. In total, 103 barriers and opportunities were identified. The main barriers identified were as follows: the lack of information and social cohesion regarding UAGR projects; the Mediterranean climate; the lack of specific regulations and protocols; and the initial investment, the pre-condition of the roof and its load bearing capacity. The main opportunities identified were as follows: social cohesion, improved life quality, new specific regulations, the profits derived from UAGR projects and aesthetic improvement. The UAGR’s scale of impact results showed a homogeneous distribution between “building” and “city”, while the “global” scale remains residual. Regarding the stage of the UAGR life cycle at which barriers and opportunities emerge, the results highlight how most opportunities appear during the “use” stage of the roof, whereas barriers do so during the “project” stage.
PHYSIOLOGICAL QUALITY OF CARIOCA BEAN SEEDS SUBMITTED TO THE APPLICATION OF DESICCANT HERBICIDES IN TWO PERIODS

- The use of herbicides for bean crop desiccation aiming seed production, is an alternative management because it allows harvesting when the seeds present high vigor, germination and dry mass, however this technique can cause damages to the seeds. The objective of this study was to evaluate the physiological quality of bean seeds, of the Carioca type, with the application of desiccant herbicides doses at different periods, aiming at the anticipation of the harvest. The bean plants, Pérola cultivar, were desiccated when the seeds had 42 and 30% water content, with ammonium glufosinate, saflufenacil and diquat at doses of 0, 50, 75 and 100% in relation to the recommended average dose for desiccation, respectively for each of the herbicides. The control treatment without desiccant application was harvested on the same date as desiccation. The additional treatment, also without desiccant application, was harvested only when the seeds had a water content of 18%. The variables analyzed were germination, first germination count, germination speed index, cold test, accelerated aging, seedling and radicle length, and dry mass. The herbicides applied in the first period (42% water), at the highest doses, impair the physiological quality of the seeds, and the seeds with water contents of 30 and 42%, without the use of desiccants, promote high vigor and germination. Satisfactory results were obtained when the saflufenacil herbicide was applied in period 2 (30% water), using 50% of the recommended average dose of this herbicide.
Entrainment and development of larval fish assemblages in two contrasting cold core eddies of the East Australian Current system

: Cyclonic eddies are diverse in their size, age, upwelling and behaviour, which has significant implications for fisheries production and connectivity when they interact with the continental shelf. To ascertain coastal entrainment by eddies, we compared the larval fish community of 2 contrasting cyclonic eddies in 3 depth strata (0−5, 5−50, 50−100 m), and with the adjacent shelf community. The frontal cyclonic eddy was smaller and younger than the mesoscale cyclonic eddy. A larval fish entrainment index, based on the ratio of coastal to oceanic taxa, revealed the relative abundance of coastal larvae entrained into the upper mixed layer of the frontal eddy, consistent with published numerical modelling studies of similar eddies. The frontal eddy had a high abundance of commercially important coastal taxa entrained from the inner shelf. How-ever, the adjacent inner shelf water and putative location for frontal eddy formation had recently been displaced by the East Australian Current, resulting in the larval fish community being dominated by oceanic taxa. The spatial and temporal dynamics of coastal entrainment into the larger, older cyclonic eddy and the adjacent shelf region were revealed by mixtures of coastal and oceanic taxa in each of the depth strata. The larger cyclonic eddy had a higher biomass of zooplankton, indicating the cumulative effects of eddy age and production. Eddies which interact with the shelf en able cross-shelf mixing and may contribute to coastal fisheries.
T HE E FFECTIVENESS OF O NLINE Q UIZZING A S A R EPETITIVE L EARNING T OOL IN A M ARKETING C LASS : A F IELD S TUDY OF THE T ESTING E FFECT

A field study of the testing effect (Roediger and Karpicke, 2006) using a low grade weighted online learning management system applied to learning in a large lecture introductory marketing class was undertaken. The testing effect predicts that students who practice more with online quizzes will remember more of what they learned. The subjects were 454 students who completed a twelve week semester in which they were offered nine marketing topic area quizzes, each of which presented seven total attempts broken into three different time frames. The grade weight of the quizzes was very low (1.11% each) with the best attempt score being counted. At the conclusion of the course the marketing students were doubly classified into high, medium and low repetition attempt groups and high, medium and low examination performance groups. An ANOVA analysis of repetition grouping versus final and midterm examination percentage performance and then examination grouping versus total quiz attempts was undertaken. The findings showed significant differences in midterm and final examination performances for the repetition groups when controlling for inclass quiz performance. The ANOVA of the high, medium and low examination performance groupings indicated that for the final examination, the low performance group had statistically significant fewer quiz attempts than the medium performance group which also had statistically significant fewer quiz attempts than the high exam performance group. The findings for the midterm examination were not as strong as there was only a marginally significant difference (.065) between the low exam performance group and medium exam performance group in terms of total quiz attempts while there was a statistically significant difference in total quiz attempts between the high performance group and the medium performance group. The conclusions drawn from these findings are that the testing effect was present and that low stakes quizzing was beneficial to student learning.