Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
BEHAVIOURAL EFFECTS OF IMIDACLOPRID, A NEW NICOTINYL INSECTICIDE, ON THE POTATO APHID, MACROSIPHUM EUPHORBIAE (THOMAS) (HOMOPTERA, APHIDIDAE)

Abstract Adult potato aphids, Macrosiphum euphorbiae (Thomas), caged on potato terminal leaflets treated systemically with imidacloprid solutions ranging between 5.4 × 10−4 and 5.4 × 10−8 mL per mL water showed a significant reduction in the distance they travelled, time taken to travel a given distance, and flight propensity but no significant differences in the frequency or duration of short probing behaviour. The frequency of adult apterous potato aphids colonizing untreated potato leaflets or leaflets treated with an imidacloprid solution (5.4 × 10−4 mL per mL water) was not significantly different, indicating no repellency. Potato aphids moving from systemically treated to untreated leaflets did not recover much and their reduced walking ability was maintained for days. A 3-day exposure to vapour from an imidacloprid solution (5.4 × 10−4 mL per mL water) did not produce significant mortality or changes in nymphal production. The daily cumulative mortality obtained by caging potato aphids on potato leaflets placed in an imidacloprid solution (5.4 × 10−7 mL per mL water) was similar to that obtained in the field, on 20-day-old plants treated at planting with imidacloprid applied at 0.02 g Ai/m. None of the rates of imidacloprid tested stimulated the dispersal of apterous or alate potato aphids. Résumé Les pucerons adultes de la pomme de terre, Macrosiphum euphorbiae (Thomas), exposés a des folioles de pomme de terre traités systémiquement à des concentrations d’imidaclopride variant entre 5.4 × 10−4 et 5.4 × 10−8 mL par mL d’eau parcourrent des distances significativement plus courtes, prirent significativement plus de temps à parcourir cette distance et s’envolèrent moins fréquemment que les pucerons exposés à des folioles non traités. Imidaclopride n’a eu aucun effet significatif sur la fréquence et la durée des piqûres courtes. La fréquence avec laquelle les pucerons aptères adultes colonisèrent des folioles non traités ou traités avec une solution d’imidaclopride 5.4 × 10−4 mL par mL d’eau n’était pas significativement différente indiquant que l’insecticide n’a pas d’effet répulsif. Les pucerons passant de folioles traités à l’imidaclopride au folioles non traités montrèrent très peu de récupération et leur capacité réduite pour la marche persista pendant plusieurs jours. Une exposition de 3 jours aux vapeurs d’une solution d’imidaclopride à 5.4 × 10−4 mL par mL d’eau ne produisit aucun changement significatif dans la mortalité ou la production de nymphes. La mortalité cumulative obtenue en plaçant des pucerons de la pomme de terre dans des cagettes sur des folioles traités systémiquement avec une solution d’imidaclopride à 5.4 × 10−7 mL par mL d’eau fut similaire à celle obtenue dans le champ lorsque les pucerons furent placés sur des plants de 20 jours traités avec imidaclopride à 0,02 g ma/m lors de la plantation. La dispersion des pucerons aptères et ailés ne fut stimulés par aucune des concentrations d’imidaclopride testées.
Status and situation of postgraduate medical students in China under the influence of COVID-19

Abstract At the beginning of 2020, the outbreak of COVID-19 in China has brought great impact on the society, economy and life. This article introduces current status of Chinese postgraduate medical students under this epidemic situation in combination with the author’s own experience from four aspects: professional spirit, professional knowledge, learning status and protective measures.
Reasons for Revision: Primary Total Hip Arthroplasty Mechanisms of Failure.

BACKGROUND This study aimed to examine the major reasons for total hip arthroplasty (THA) failure and temporal patterns in THA revisions. METHODS A retrospective chart review was conducted on 535 revisions performed on 444 THAs from January 2010 to May 2019 at our institution. RESULTS The average time to revision THA was 8.51 ± 8.38 years, with 136 cases (30.9%) occurring within 2 years after primary THA. The major mechanisms of failure that resulted in revision surgery were mechanical failure (162, 36.5%), metallosis (95, 21.4%), dislocation or instability (65, 14.6%), periprosthetic fracture (46, 10.4%), infection (44, 9.9%), hematoma or poor wound healing (15, 3.4%), and pain or other (17, 3.8%). CONCLUSION Based on our institutional experience over the past decade, mechanical failure without dislocation, metallosis, dislocation, periprosthetic fracture, and infection are typical reasons patients present for primary THA revision. Revisions within 2 years after primary THA are more likely to be the result of infection and periprosthetic fracture. Mechanical failure is the most common reason for revision THA overall, and mechanical failure and metallosis are more likely to be the reason revision is necessary 2 or more years after primary THA.
Infection-related hospitalization after intensive immunosuppressive therapy among lupus nephritis and ANCA glomerulonephritis patients

Abstract Introduction This study aimed to investigate the clinical characteristics, risk factors, and outcomes of infection-related hospitalization (IRH) in patients with lupus nephritis (LN) and ANCA glomerulonephritis after intensive immunosuppressive therapy. Methods Patients diagnosed with LN or ANCA glomerulonephritis who received intensive immunosuppressive therapy at the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University from 2005 to 2014 were enrolled. Demographics, laboratory parameters, immunosuppressive agents, and IRH details were collected. Multivariable Cox regression was used, and hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were reported. Results Totally, 872 patients with 806 LN and 66 ANCA glomerulonephritis were enrolled, and 304 (34.9%) patients with 433 episodes of IRH were recorded. ANCA glomerulonephritis patients were more vulnerable to IRH than LN patients (53.0% vs. 33.4%, p = .001). Multivariable Cox regression analysis showed that ANCA glomerulonephritis (HR = 1.62, 95% CI: 1.06–2.49, p = .027), diabetes (HR = 1.82, 95% CI: 1.03–3.22, p = .039) and a higher initial dose of prednisone (HR = 1.01, 95% CI: 1.00–1.02, p = .013) were associated with a higher likelihood of IRH. Higher albumin (HR = 0.96, 95% CI: 0.94–0.98, p < .001), globulin (HR = 0.98, 95% CI: 0.96–0.99, p = .008), and eGFR (HR = 0.99, 95% CI: 0.99–1.00, p < .001), were associated with a lower likelihood of IRH. The rates of transfer to ICU and mortality for ANCA glomerulonephritis patients were higher than those for LN patients (22.9% vs. 1.9%, p < .001, and 20.0% vs. 0.7%, p < .001, respectively). Conclusions ANCA glomerulonephritis patients had a higher risk of IRH and poorer outcome once infected after intensive immunosuppressive therapy than LN patients. More strict control for infection risks is required for ANCA glomerulonephritis patients who undergo intensive immunosuppressive therapy.
Salmon immunological defence and interplay with the modulatory capabilities of its ectoparasite Lepeophtheirus salmonis

The salmon louse Lepeophtheirus salmonis (Lsal) is an ectoparasitic copepod that exerts immunomodulatory and physiological effects on its host Atlantic salmon. Over 30 years of research on louse biology, control, host responses and the host‐parasite relationship has provided a plethora of information on the intricacies of host resistance and parasite adaptation. Atlantic salmon exhibit temporal and spatial impairment of the immune system and wound healing ability during infection. This immunosuppression may render Atlantic salmon less tolerant to stress and other confounders associated with current management strategies. Contrasting susceptibility of salmonid hosts exists, and early pro‐inflammatory Th1 type responses are associated with resistance. Rapid cellular responses to larvae appear to tip the balance of the host‐parasite relationship in favour of the host, preventing severe immune‐physiological impacts of the more invasive adults. Immunological, transcriptomic, genomic and proteomic evidence suggests pathological impacts occur in susceptible hosts through modulation of host immunity and physiology via pharmacologically active molecules. Co‐evolutionary and farming selection pressures may have incurred preference of Atlantic salmon as a host for Lsal reflected in their interactome. Here, we review host‐parasite interactions at the primary attachment/feeding site, and the complex life stage‐dependent molecular mechanisms employed to subvert host physiology and immune responses.
Gender Differences in Fat-Rich Meat Choice: Influence of Personality and Attitudes

The innate liking of fats may be due to one or more orosensory, post-ingestive, and metabolic signals; however, individuals differ in their preference for fat in meat. One of the variables that mainly impacts eating behaviors and thus should be carefully analyzed is sex/gender, and while sex (female/male, in a binary approximation) refers only to biological characteristics, gender (woman/man, in a binary approximation) refers to cultural attitudes and behavior. This study aimed at exploring the role of gender, age, taste responsiveness (measured as sensitivity to the bitterness of 6-n-propylthiouracil (PROP)), personality traits, attitudes, and liking of and familiarity with meat on the choice of fat-rich meat products in 1208 women and men aged 18–66. Both a between- and a within-gender approach were adopted. Results showed that gender had a major impact on liking of and familiarity with meat and choice for fat-rich meat compared to age. A lower liking meat in general was found in women, independently of fat content. Women also reported a lower familiarity than men with fatty meat and cold meat and a lower choice of fat-rich meat. Genders differed in the influence of personality and attitudes about fat-rich meat choice. In both genders, the choice of meat higher in fat was associated with liking cold and fatty meat and with age and negatively with liking low-fat meat. Women were in general more interested in health than men, and this may explain the main difference in the choice of fat-rich meat between genders. However, when we look at each gender separately, general health interest was significantly correlated with a lower choice of fat-rich meat only in men. In addition, in men food neophobia was negatively correlated with choice of fat-rich meat. In women, the emotional dimension was found to play an important role, with sensitivity to disgust that was negatively associated with fat-rich meat choice and emotional eating that was positively associated with it. Thanks to the large sample and the gender-sensitive approach adopted, this study showed that different factors affect choice of fat-rich meat by gender, in addition to liking of and familiarity with fat-rich and cold meat and age. This suggests that strategies personalized by gender to reinforce or activate barriers to this type of consumption may be more effective at reducing fat intake, promoting the consumption of meat lower in fat.
Moment arm function dictates patella sagittal height anatomy: Rabbit epiphysiodesis model alters limb length ratios and subsequent patellofemoral anatomical development

Patellofemoral anatomical dysplasia is associated with patellofemoral instability and pain. The closure of the knee physis occurs at the same age as the peak incidence of patellofemoral dislocation. This study determined the effect on the patellofemoral anatomical development in a rabbit epiphysiodesis model. Twenty‐four skeletally immature New Zealand White rabbits were divided into three groups (a) distal femur epiphysiodesis (FE) (b) proximal tibia epiphysiodesis (TE) (c) control; no epiphysiodesis (C) performed at 6 weeks of age. The primary endpoint was shape analysis using three‐dimensional reconstructions of micro‐computed tomographys (CTs) performed at 30 weeks of age. The limb length ratios (femur:tibia) were significantly different for both FE (mean 0.72, SD 0.0381, P < .001) and TE (mean 0.91, SD 0.0383, P < .001) treatment groups compared to control (mean 0.81, SD 0.0073). Patella height, as measured from the most distal point of the patella to the tibial joint surface (modified Caton‐Deschamps measurement), was lower (baja) in the FE and higher (alta) for the TE, compared with the control group. Our findings suggest femoral and tibial shortening can influence the development of the patellofemoral joint, which may be dictated by moment arm function and is potentially responsible for the etiology of patella alta. Future studies are warranted to explore this association further with the view for the development of treatment options for patella alta in human patients.
Brief admission for patients with emotional instability and self-harm: A qualitative analysis of patients' experiences during crisis.

Previous studies report that individuals diagnosed with borderline personality disorder have been met by negative attitudes from healthcare professionals and their care needs have often been neglected during hospitalizations. When symptoms of emotional instability are combined with self-harm, the resulting crisis often becomes difficult to handle for patients and healthcare professionals. To meet their care needs during these crises, an intervention called 'brief admission' (BA) has been developed. The purpose of BA is to provide a timeout, in situations of increased stress and threat, in order to foster self-management in a safe environment. In the present study, we explored the following research questions: What are patients' experiences with BA? What do patients consider to be the key components of BA? What improvements are considered relevant by patients? A qualitative design was employed, and 15 patients (13 females, 2 males; mean age 38.5 ± 12.9, range 20-67 years) were interviewed using a semi-structured interview guide. Thematic analyses were performed, which yielded four themes related to the patients' experiences: 'a timeout when life is tough', 'it is comforting to know that help exists', 'encouraged to take personal responsibility', and 'it is helpful to see the problems from a different perspective'. Four themes also described the key components: 'a clear treatment plan', 'a smooth admission procedure', 'a friendly and welcoming approach from the staff', and 'daily conversations'. Lastly, three themes described areas for improvements: 'feeling guilty about seeking BA', 'room occupancy issues', and 'differences in staff's competence'. Collectively, the findings indicate that BA constructively supports patients with emotional instability and self-harm during a period of crisis.
Surface Modification of Magnetic Nanoparticles by Carbon-Coating Can Increase Its Biosafety: Evidences from Biochemical and Neurobehavioral Tests in Zebrafish

Recently, magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) have gained much attention in the field of biomedical engineering for therapeutic as well as diagnostic purposes. Carbon magnetic nanoparticles (C-MNPs) are a class of MNPs categorized as organic nanoparticles. C-MNPs have been under considerable interest in studying in various applications such as magnetic resonance imaging, photothermal therapy, and intracellular transportof drugs. Research work is still largely in progress for testing the efficacy of C-MNPs on the theranostics platform in cellular studies and animal models. In this study, we evaluated the neurobehavioral toxicity parameters on the adult zebrafish (Danio rerio) at either low (1 ppm) or high (10 ppm) concentration level of C-MNPs over a period of two weeks by waterborne exposure. The physical properties of the synthesized C-MNPs were characterized by transmission electron microscopy, Raman, and XRD spectrum characterization. Multiple behavior tests for the novel tank, mirror biting, predator avoidance, conspecific social interaction, shoaling, and analysis of biochemical markers were also conducted to elucidate the corresponding mechanism. Our data demonstrate the waterborne exposure of C-MNPs is less toxic than the uncoated MNPs since neither low nor high concentration C-MNPs elicit toxicity response in behavioral and biochemical tests in adult zebrafish. The approach combining biochemical and neurobehavioral approaches would be helpful for understanding C-MNPs association affecting the bioavailability, biosafety, interaction, and uptake of these C-MNPs in the living organism.
The Anatomical Origin of Raw Meat Affects the Sensory and Chemical Characteristics of a Dry-Cured Beef Product: Cecina de León

This study presents the chemical composition and physicochemical and sensory properties of Spanish Cecina de León manufactured from three anatomical retail cuts (knuckle or babilla, topside or tapa, and silverside or contra). The silverside samples presented significantly ( p<0.05) more fat, and in consequence, less protein, carbohydrate, and ash content than the knuckle and the topside. The fatty acid profiles showed the knuckle samples as having less oleic acid and less monounsaturated fatty acids ( p<0.05) and showed its ratio of polyunsaturated and saturated fatty acids as falling below dietary recommendations (>0.4). On the other hand, the knuckle and the silverside showed more balanced ω 6/ω3 ratio (3.5). No differences ( p>0.05) were found between any of the sensorial parameters, except the textural ones: hardness, pastiness, and chewiness being higher in the silverside. Intermuscular fat was also higher ( p<0.05) in this cecina.
Diarrhoeal disease knowledge among diarrhoea patient housholds: findings from the randomised controlled trial of the Cholera‐Hospital‐Based‐Intervention‐for‐7‐days (CHoBI7) mobile health program

The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of the Cholera‐Hospital‐Based‐Intervention‐for‐7‐days (CHoBI7) handwashing with soap and water treatment mobile health (mHealth) program on diarrhoeal disease knowledge among diarrhoea patients and their household members in urban Dhaka, Bangladesh.
Global longitudinal strain: clinical use and prognostic implications in contemporary practice

### Learning objectives Non-invasive evaluation of left ventricular (LV) systolic function by echocardiography remains one of the most pivotal measures in clinical cardiology. Although conventionally quantified by means of LV ejection fraction (LVEF), it has become evident that this parameter is subject to a number of limitations. LVEF can be normal in the presence of impaired LV systolic function, since it does not reflect intrinsic myocardial contractility.1 In addition, LVEF is highly load-dependent and suffers from significant intraobserver and interobserver variability.2 Assessment of myocardial strain can potentially overcome many of the limitations of LVEF in assessing LV systolic function. Speckle tracking echocardiography permits assessment of myocardial strain in three spatial directions (longitudinal, radial and circumferential) independent of the angle of insonation of the ultrasound beam. Longitudinal strain is probably the most frequent type of strain used to characterise LV systolic function in clinical practice. This review article focuses on the practical aspects of measuring LV global longitudinal strain (GLS), reviews the clinical implications of impaired LV GLS strain and provides a glimpse into the future clinical applications of this technology. The LV myocardium consists of two helical, opposing layers of myocardial fibres (endocardial/right-handed and epicardial/left-handed) surrounding a circumferential, mid-ventricular layer. When these layers contract, the myocardium shortens in the longitudinal and circumferential directions and thickens in the radial direction (figure 1). The introduction of speckle tracking echocardiography has allowed for a more comprehensive analysis of LV systolic function when compared with LVEF by assessing myocardial deformation in these three directions. …
Predation of a Wintering Migratory Songbird by Introduced Rats: Can Nocturnal Roosting Behavior Serve as Predator Avoidance?

Abstract. Many studies have demonstrated the deleterious effects of introduced predators on resident populations of island birds, but few have quantified their effect on the survival and space-use behavior of migratory species. We used radio telemetry to investigate the winter survival and roosting patterns of Bicknell's Thrush (Catharus bicknelli) at two sites in the Dominican Republic. Depredation by introduced rats was the only cause of mortality among 53 radio-tagged individuals monitored between January and March over multiple years; five (9%) marked individuals were depredated. Predator trapping revealed the presence of both the black rat (Rattus rattus) and Norway rat (R. norvegicus) and that the density of rats was higher in broadleaf cloud forest than in nearby pine forest. Some thrushes that used cloud forest exclusively during the day roosted at night in adjacent pine habitat. We suggest that introduced rats exert predation pressure on wintering Bicknell's Thrush in the Dominican Republic and that nocturnal arboreal rat predation could influence the thrush's space-use strategies.
Investigating the Factors Influencing the Attitudes of Workplace Employees Toward Paying to Use Technology-Based Healthcare Products.

OBJECTIVE This study explored whether perceived usefulness and perceived ease-of-use generate mediating effects between personal involvement and attitudes toward paying for usage, and further examining the moderating effects of social influence and company type. METHODS questionnaires were used. A total of 365 employees, 218 from the private sector and 147 from the municipal government in Taipei City were collected. RESULTS perceived ease-of-use mediates between personal involvement and attitude toward paying for usage. The social influences of different types of public and private employment differ significantly in terms of their moderating effects on personal involvement and perceived ease-of-use. CONCLUSION Due to the different workplace characteristics of private sector and government employees, they have different attitudes toward paying for technology-based health management applications in the future, and social influence is also an important moderating factor.
Ultra-shortwave diathermy - a new purported treatment for management of patients with COVID-19

ABSTRACT The pandemic spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has driven efforts to address the global threat to public health and there is increasing pressure to exploit interventions to manage the pneumonic inflammation manifested in this disease. Ultra-shortwave diathermy (USWD) is proposed by some rehabilitation professions in China, purportedly to minimise pneumonic inflammation. However, treatment of any symptomatic pneumonia should be evidence-based. There is no valid evidence, published in English, which establishes any benefit of USWD in pulmonary conditions, let alone COVID-19. The need for rigorous research and evidence-based practice is discussed in this article. Novel interventions require a solid physiological basis and must undergo rigorous testing prior to clinical adoption even during a pandemic. We are of the view that deployment of USWD in patients with COVID-19 must be prudent and supported by a logical scientific basis.