Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Dynamics of a heavily exploited population of brown hare in a large-scale farming area

(1) The importance of heavy hunting pressure on the population dynamics of brown hares was assessed on a cereal and sugar beet large-scale farming area for over 3 years, by using spring census and hunting bag analyses. (2) During the study, the mean hare density at the beginning of April ranged from 22 6 to 34 9 animals km-2. For a given year, about the same high density was found in the winter-wheat fields and the ploughed fields, while there were fewer hares in the harrowed fields. (3) In the hunting bags, significant variations in the age ratio were noted (from 1 24 to 2 44 young: adult), but there were always few juveniles born before April. (4) The mean hare density evaluated just before each shooting period, in November, ranged from 52 2 to 70 9 animals km-2. Of these, 4046% were shot. (5) In spite of this strong hunting pressure, the annual survival rate of adults remained relatively high and stable, i.e. 0 40+0 05. (6) Whatever the change in hare density between spring and autumn, the range of decrease of the hare population between autumn of the year N and spring of the year (N+ 1) remained limited, i.e. 51-57%.
Testing the Static-99R as a Global Screen for Risk of Sex Crime Recidivism in a Norwegian Routine Sample

The Static-99R has been recommended for use as a first global screen for sorting out sex-convicted persons who are in need of further risk assessment. This study investigated the Static-99R’s predictive validity based on a nonselected Norwegian sample (n = 858) of persons released from prison after having served a sex crime sentence. After a mean observation period of 2,183 days, 3.4% (n = 29) had recidivated to a new sex offense. A higher number of recidivists were found among those with higher Static-99R total scores. The predictive contribution from each of the ten Static-99R risk items was investigated using standard logistic regression, proportional hazard regression, and random forest classification algorithm. The overall results indicate that the Static-99R is relevant as a risk screen in a Norwegian context, providing similar results concerning predictive accuracy as previous studies.
Breeding performance and diet of Great Skuas Stercorarius skua and Parasitic Jaegers (Arctic Skuas) S. parasiticus on the west coast of Scotland

Capsule The Arctic Skua colony on Handa Island is in decline, probably due to pressure from Great Skuas. Aims To assess the factors affecting Great Skua productivity, and the effects of Great Skuas on breeding Arctic Skuas. Methods From 2003 to 2006 population and breeding performance of Great Skuas and Arctic Skuas on Handa Island were intensively monitored, using all-island surveys and regular visits to focal territories from laying through to the post-fledging period. All study chicks were ringed for long-term study. Interspecific interactions were observed and 5116 regurgitated pellets of breeding and non-breeding Great Skuas were collected systematically for dietary analysis. Results Over the study period, numbers of breeding Great Skuas remained steady but there was an overall decline in productivity, with chick loss the most significant proximate factor. However the four-year average of 0.49 chicks fledged per pair was relatively high, with Handa being the most productive monitored colony in Britain in 2004. Great Skuas on Handa have a diverse diet of at least 30 species, including discarded fish and other seabirds. Among the Arctic Skuas, mean productivity was high but so was predation pressure on fledglings from Great Skuas, and population size has halved in four years. Conclusions Handa is a productive Great Skua colony in the context of recent breeding failures in the Northern Isles. A substantial part of their diet is other seabirds and their impact on globally important populations requires further monitoring and analysis.
microRNA‐320a prevent Müller cells from hypoxia injury by targeting aquaporin‐4

Müller cells are closely related to diabetic retinopathy (DR). Aquaporin‐4 (AQP4) can effectively promote the diffusion of water across cellular membranes. However, the dynamic balance of water plays key role in many diseases, such as cerebral edema. Meanwhile, the unusual expression and distribution of AQP4 in the retina are the significant causes of ocular hypertension and reperfusion injury. To explore the functional significance between microRNA‐320a (miR‐320a) and AQP4 in pathological hypoxia‐induced DR related retinal edema, we hypothesized that miR‐320a regulates AQP4 expression and internalization to relieve the edema of Müller cells under the pathological retinal hypoxia stress by targeting AQP4, thereby attenuate the damage of Müller cells. Results demonstrated that miR‐320a mimics inhibited the expressions of AQP4 in Müller cells. Furthermore, overexpression miR‐320a protected Müller cells by suppressing superoxide anion. In addition, overexpression miR‐320a markedly attenuated hypoxia‐induced injury, significantly increased the cell viability, and promoted the internalization of AQP4. Furthermore, miR‐320a can also regulate the stable anchoring of AQP4 on the cell membrane. Our study indicated that miR‐320a may be a potential modulator which can mediate AQP4 expression and attenuate the hypoxia damage of Müller cells. In conclusion, miR‐320a may be a potential target for DR therapy by targeting AQP4.
Management of congenital cardiac surgery during COVID-19 pandemic

Abstract The new coronavirus infection, which was first seen in China in late December, 2019 and eventually became a worldwide pandemic, poses a serious threat to public health. After a high spike in the number of new COVID-19 infection cases following the increase in overall daily death toll in Turkey, Turkish Ministry of Health has taken immediate precautions to postpone elective surgeries in order to reduce the burden to the healthcare system which might be challenged. Whereas different areas of medicine were able to suspend their operative procedures during this period, this was not completely possible in paediatric cardiovascular surgery due to the severity and urgency of congenital heart disease patients requiring operation. Based on the guideline that was published by the Turkish Paediatric Cardiology and Cardiac Surgery Association, in which the patients requiring surgical intervention during the COVID-19 pandemic period are ranked according to the priority, directions were given regarding the operations that hereby, be delayed, we report our experience in 29 cases retrospectively, regarding the pre-operative evaluation of these patients, makings of an emergency operation decision, and strategies taken about intra-operative and post-operative management and arrangements during the pandemic period. In this article, we present crucial precautions that were applied in paediatric cardiovascular surgery and extensive list of cases in order to deliver highest level of the patient safety and protection for the surgical team.
Positive Caregiving Styles Attenuating Effects of Cumulative Trauma Among Youth Who Commit Sexual Crimes

Among youth who commit sexual crimes, childhood trauma experiences have been linked to a host of outcomes including trauma symptom expression. Furthermore, research has begun assessing differential rates of cumulative adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) between youth who commit sexual and non-sexual crimes. Yet, few studies have comparatively examined rates of cumulative traumatic events using more robust measures of adversity. There is scant research on outcomes associated cumulative trauma among youth who commit sexual crimes including linkages to trauma symptoms and how positive parenting styles (PCSs) can attenuate in this relationship. This study aims to compare cumulative trauma experiences between youth who commit sexual (n = 112) and non-sexual crimes (n = 224). Among youth who commit sexual crimes, we test how PCSs mitigate or moderate the effects of cumulative trauma on trauma symptoms. Results from independent samples t-tests revealed significant group differences on singular and cumulative traumatic experiences, and trauma symptomatology, where youth who commit sexual crimes had higher rates of all. Stepwise linear regressions revealed mitigating effects of maternal PCSs and tests of moderation revealed main and interaction effects, where intermediate positive maternal caregiving styles for youth with higher cumulative trauma were associated with greater trauma symptomatology. Implications and limitations are discussed.
Symptoms of anxiety, depression and self-care behaviors during the COVID-19 pandemic in the general population.

Introduction The COVID-19 pandemic can have important psychosocial consequences in the population. Objective To determine the levels of anxiety, depression and self-care symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic in the general population. Method Online survey distributed over three weeks using a non-probability sampling. The PHQ-9 Patient Health Questionnaire, the GAD-7 Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale and Visual analog scale for self-care behaviors were used. Between-group (anxiety and depression) descriptive and comparison analyses were carried out. Results Out of 1508 included participants, 20.8% had symptoms of severe anxiety, while 27.5% showed symptoms of severe depression. Being a woman, being single, having no children, having medical comorbidities and a history of mental health care were risk factors for developing symptoms of anxiety and depression; 66 to 80 % of the population complied with self-care recommendations. A need for receiving mental health care was identified in our study population. Conclusion A larger number of individuals with moderate to severe anxiety and depression symptoms were observed than in other pandemics. COVID-19 pandemic psychological effects are considered an emerging public health problem, and implementation of programs for their care is therefore recommended.
Neuropathology of a case of fragile X‐associated tremor ataxia syndrome without tremor

Fragile X‐associated tremor ataxia syndrome (FXTAS) is a neurodegenerative disorder caused by a CGG trinucleotide expansion from 55 to 200 repeats in the non‐coding region of the fragile X mental retardation 1 (FMR1) gene (FMR1). Clinical features include cognitive decline, progressive tremor, and gait ataxia. Neuropathologically, FXTAS shows white matter changes, hippocampal and cerebellar involvement, and p62‐positive eosinophilic intranuclear inclusions in astrocytes and neurons. Here, we document the neuropathological findings from a subject who developed cognitive impairment but not tremor and was proved to have genetically confirmed FMR1 premutation. Microscopically, typical p62‐postive intranuclear inclusions were present in all the regions examined. Neocortical regions demonstrated gliosis of layer I and mild degree of neuronal loss and atrophy across the other layers. The molecular, Purkinje's cell, and granule cell layers of the cerebellar folia demonstrated mild gliosis, and cerebellar white matter was mildly affected. Aside from p62‐positive inclusions, the hippocampus was spared. Arteries in the deep white matter often showed changes consistent with moderate small vessel disease (SVD). Reactive gliosis and severe SVD were features of basal ganglia. Florid reactive astrocytosis was found in the white matter of all regions. Axonal loss and features of axonal damage were found in the white matter of the centrum semiovale. Microglial activation was widespread and evenly seen in both the white matter and grey matter, although the grey matter appeared more severely affected. Pathology associated with Alzheimer's disease was limited. Similarly, no abnormal accumulations of α‐synuclein were present. We postulate that age at death and disease duration may play a role in the extent of the pathological features associated with FXTAS. The present results suggest that immunohistochemical staining for p62 can help with the diagnosis of cases with atypical phenotype. In addition, it is likely that the cognitive impairment observed was a result of white matter changes.
Cytosystematics of three Onobrychis species (Fabaceae) in Iran

Abstract In this study, we describe the morphological characters and meiotic chromosome number and behavior of different wild populations belonging to Onobrychis viciifolia Scop. , O. transcaucasica Grossh. and O. altissima Grossh. belonging to Onobrychis sect. Onobrychis in Iran. All Iranian populations of O. viciifolia and O. altissima studied here were tetraploid and showed 2n = 4x = 28 chromosome number, but O. transcaucasica populations were diploid. The basic chromosome number (x = 7) is consistent with the proposed base number for O. viciifolia and O. altissima from IPCN. For O. altissima, two ploidy levels (2n = 2x = 14 and 2n = 4x = 28) have been previously reported from Caucasus. The fact that no diploid populations of O. altissima were found in Iran, would suggest a relatively recent origin of the species, most probably in Caucasus. Although O. transcaucasica is diploid, its remarkable similarities in morphology to O. viciifolia and O. altissima can be suggested its relatively recent origin for these taxa. Almost all taxa studied here displayed regular bivalent pairing and chromosome segregation at meiosis. However, meiotic abnormalities observed included varied degree of sticky and fragmented chromosomes, laggards and bridges in anaphase to telophase, desynapsis in anaphase I and metaphase II, asynchronous nuclei and cytomixis.
An Internet of Things Based Smart Waste Management System Using LoRa and Tensorflow Deep Learning Model

Traditional waste management system operates based on daily schedule which is highly inefficient and costly. The existing recycle bin has also proved its ineffectiveness in the public as people do not recycle their waste properly. With the development of Internet of Things (IoT) and Artificial Intelligence (AI), the traditional waste management system can be replaced with smart sensors embedded into the system to perform real time monitoring and allow for better waste management. The aim of this research is to develop a smart waste management system using LoRa communication protocol and TensorFlow based deep learning model. LoRa sends the sensor data and Tensorflow performs real time object detection and classification. The bin consists of several compartments to segregate the waste including metal, plastic, paper, and general waste compartment which are controlled by the servo motors. Object detection and waste classification is done in TensorFlow framework with pre-trained object detection model. This object detection model is trained with images of waste to generate a frozen inference graph used for object detection which is done through a camera connected to the Raspberry Pi 3 Model B+ as the main processing unit. Ultrasonic sensor is embedded into each waste compartment to monitor the filling level of the waste. GPS module is integrated to monitor the location and real time of the bin. LoRa communication protocol is used to transmit data about the location, real time and filling level of the bin. RFID module is embedded for the purpose of waste management personnel identification.
A Computation Model for Learning Programming and Emotional Intelligence

Introducing coding in early education improves the logical and computational thinking in kids. However, cognitive skills are not sufficient for a successful life. Understanding and managing the emotions of oneself is another crucial factor in success. The current state of the art teaching methods educates the kids about programming and emotional intelligence independently. In our opinion, it is advantageous to teach kids emotional intelligence, along with the programming concepts. However, the literature lacks the studies that make students emotionally aware while teaching them programming. This research aims to prepare students to be cognitively healthy as well as emotionally intelligent with the hypothesis that a kid’s emotional intelligence can be enhanced while teaching them cognitive skills. We proposed a computational model that teaches programming and emotional intelligence side by side to students. The model provides a curriculum and related tools. For evaluations, five hundred students of a public school were involved in different activities to find the effectiveness of the proposed model. These students were divided into five groups (A, B, C, D, and E), each having a mean age of 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8 years, respectively. Students performed multiple adaptive scenarios of path-finding that were based on self-awareness, social-awareness, sharing, and empathy emotions. Students provide the programming instructions such as sequencing, conditional statements, and looping to a robot. The children have successfully improved in both fundamental programming constructs and emotional intelligence skills. The research also successfully reduced screen time problem by providing a screen-free student interface.
Continuous Prediction of Joint Angular Positions and Moments: A Potential Control Strategy for Active Knee-Ankle Prostheses

Transfemoral amputation substantially impairs locomotion. To restore the lost locomotive capability, amputees rely on knee-ankle prostheses. Theoretically, active knee-ankle prostheses may better support natural gait than their passive counterparts by replacing the missing muscle function. The control algorithms of such active devices need to comprehend the user’s locomotive intention and convert them into control commands for actuating the prosthesis. For an active knee-ankle prosthesis, the gait variables to be controlled to allow the desired locomotion could be the knee angle, knee moment, ankle angle, ankle moment. In this paper, a random forest regression model is employed for the continuous prediction of these gait variables for level ground walking at self-selected normal speed. Experimentally obtained thigh kinematics were the input to the random forest model. The proposed method could predict the angles and moments of the knee and ankle with high accuracy (mean $R^{2}$ value of 0.97 for ankle angle, 0.98 for ankle moment, 0.99 for knee angle, 0.95 for knee moment across four able-bodied subjects). The proposed strategy shows potential for continuously controlling an active knee-ankle prosthesis for transfemoral amputees, whose thigh angular motion can be used to infer the required prosthetic moments or angles.
Social Distancing as p-Dispersion Problem

The spread of COVID-19 and similar viruses poses new challenges for our society. There is a strong incentive towards safety measures that help to mitigate the outbreaks. Many countries have imposed social distancing measures that require a minimum distance between people in given places, such as schools, restaurants, shops, etc. This in turn creates complications for these places, as their function is to serve as many people as they were originally designed for. In this article, we pose the problem of using the available space in a given place, such that the social distancing measures are satisfied, as a <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$p$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-dispersion problem. We use recent algorithmic advancements, that were developed for the <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$p$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-dispersion problem, and combine them with discretization schemes to find computationally attainable solutions to the <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$p$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-dispersion problem and investigate the trade-off between the level of discretization and computational efforts on one side, and the value of the optimal solution on the other.
6G Wireless Systems: A Vision, Architectural Elements, and Future Directions

Internet of everything (IoE)-based smart services are expected to gain immense popularity in the future, which raises the need for next-generation wireless networks. Although fifth-generation (5G) networks can support various IoE services, they might not be able to completely fulfill the requirements of novel applications. Sixth-generation (6G) wireless systems are envisioned to overcome 5G network limitations. In this article, we explore recent advances made toward enabling 6G systems. We devise a taxonomy based on key enabling technologies, use cases, emerging machine learning schemes, communication technologies, networking technologies, and computing technologies. Furthermore, we identify and discuss open research challenges, such as artificial-intelligence-based adaptive transceivers, intelligent wireless energy harvesting, decentralized and secure business models, intelligent cell-less architecture, and distributed security models. We propose practical guidelines including deep Q-learning and federated learning-based transceivers, blockchain-based secure business models, homomorphic encryption, and distributed-ledger-based authentication schemes to cope with these challenges. Finally, we outline and recommend several future directions.
A Comprehensive Evaluation of Contact Recombination and Contact Resistivity Losses in Industrial Silicon Solar Cells

Reliable characterization techniques to accurately quantify the metallization-induced recombination losses as well as contact resistivity losses of screen-printed cells are crucial for successful optimization of the contact grid design. Previously, the dark saturation current density at the contact (<inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">${J}_{\rm 0c}$</tex-math></inline-formula>) is often assumed to be constant for different finger width. Similarly, impact of finger width on contact resistivity (<inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">${\rho }_{\rm c}$</tex-math></inline-formula>) is rarely reported. Therefore, we performed a comprehensive evaluation of <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">${J}_{\rm 0c}$</tex-math></inline-formula> and <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">${\rho }_{\rm c}$</tex-math></inline-formula> as a function of finger width, spacing as well as firing temperature. We found out that <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">${J}_{\rm 0c}$</tex-math></inline-formula> increases from <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\approx$</tex-math></inline-formula>2000 to <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\approx$</tex-math></inline-formula>8100 <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\text{fA/cm}^{2}$</tex-math></inline-formula>, when the finger width increases from 60 to 400 <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mu$</tex-math></inline-formula>m; and <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">${\rho }_{\rm c}$</tex-math></inline-formula> decrease from 7.2 to 2.2 <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\text{m}{\Omega }\cdot \text{cm}^{2}$</tex-math></inline-formula> when using a <italic>wide</italic>-TLM rather than a <italic>narrow</italic>-TLM structure, for samples fired at 840 <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$^{\circ }$</tex-math></inline-formula>C. Based on our cross-sectional and top-down scanning electron microscopy images, we believe that the physical root cause can be explained by the difference in the microstructure formed at the metal–silicon interface during the firing process for the screen-printed contacts.