Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Epstein Barr virus genotypes (EBV1/EBV2) in individuals with infectious mononucleosis in the metropolitan area of Belém, Brazil, between 2005 and 2016

Background: Two types of Epstein Barr virus (EBV1/EBV2) have been shown to infect humans by causing infectious mononucleosis, their genome being very similar, except for regions of the EBNA genes. This study aimed to describe the EBV genotypes in cases of infectious mononucleosis in the metropolitan region of Belém, Brazil, from 2005 to 2016. Methods: A total of 8.295 suspected cases with symptoms/signs of infectious mononucleosis (MI) were investigated by doctors of infectious diseases at the Evandro Chagas Institute Health Care Service from January 2005 to December 2016. In 3.0% (251/8.295) of the cases were positive by enzymatic immunoassay were submitted to PCR for EBNA3C region to detect the types of EBV. Biochemical testing involving aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase and gamma-glutamyl transferase were realized. Results: The identification of EBV types by PCR was verified in 30.3% (76/251) of individuals, being 71.1% (54/76) classified as EBV1, 17.1% (13/76) as EBV2 and 11.8% (9/76) as EBV1+EBV2. The number of women infected with EBV1 was higher (61.1% - 33/54) than for men (38.9% - 21/54), most were over 14 years old (66.7%-36/54). The main symptoms/clinical signs observed in EBV1 infection were: cervical lymphadenopathy (64.8%-35/54), fever (63%-34/54), headache (20.3%-11/54), arthralgia (20.3%-11/54) and exanthema (18.5%-10/54). In EBV2 infection, it was also detected in all age groups, with the exception of two groups, with an average age of 24 years. The presence of fever in 76.9% (10/13) with an average duration of 18 days and lymphadenopathy in 53.8 (7/13) were the most relevant signs/symptoms in EBV2. In contrast, EBV1+EBV2 co-infection was more frequent in the £5 year age group, affecting 20.0% (2/10). Women presented 66.7% (6/9) more positive cases. The symptoms involving EBV1+EBV2 co-infection were more related to fever (66.7%-6/9) and cervical lymphadenopathy (55.6% -5/9). The average of enzymatic values according to type of EBV was statistically significant (p <0.05) in individuals with EBV1 infection in those over 14 years of age. Conclusions: A pioneering study that molecularly identified the genotypes of EBV in 30.3% of cases, with circulation of EBV1, EBV2 and co-infection EBV1+EBV2 in cases of infectious mononucleosis in the northern region of Brazil.
Evaluation of the Iron Aid Program Process in Iranian girls' high school: A national study

Background: One of the most important health and social problems in adolescent girls is iron deficiency anemia. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the Iron Aid National Program for high school girls.Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed on cluster random sampling from northern, southern, eastern, western and central regions of Iran with a sample size of 399 high school girl students. A valid and reliable researcher-made questionnaire was used for data collection. Data were analyzed by SPSS 20 software.Results: The most important reasons for not taking iron supplements from the students' viewpoints were the bad taste of iron supplements, nausea after consumption, non-prescription of the iron supplement by a physician. Most students believed that inviting health professionals and film/video screenings had the most impact on encouraging them to intake iron supplements. About 45 % of students reported that they had no training program on iron supplementation, and only 28 % of students received educational content. Also, 71 % of students said there were not enough glasses for the consumption of supplement iron. There was a significant relationship (p <0.05) between the person distributing the supplements in the schools, the availability of adequate drinking water, the time allocated to the implementation of the program, and the person teaching the program with the number of supplements consumed by the students (p <0.05). Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, attention was paid to different aspects of the Iron Aid National Program such as providing quality supplements, providing appropriate environmental conditions, designing training programs, public information and providing appropriate human resources for successful implementation of Iron Aid National Program are essential.
Effects of Wages and Global Financial Crisis on Labour Productivity - Does Size Matters?

Efficiency theory states that employers who pay more wages to their employees will motivate the latter to increase their productivity. In the past decade, evidence has shown that increase in wages was found to be relatively lower than the increase in labour productivity. While studies reveal that wages and labour productivity have significant causal relationship, they have yet to be observed by their firms’ relative sizes. This paper examines the effect of wages and global financial crisis on labour productivity of the manufacturing industries in Malaysia based on their relative sizes. The study analyses the industries by their relative sizes, that is, small industries (SIs), small and medium industries (SMIs) and large industries (LIs). Using panel data analysis with fixed effects on monthly data from Jan 2003 until August 2011, the study finds that wages have positively affected labour productivity of firms at all sizes. However, the changes in wages affect the labour productivity in smaller firms more than they do in the large firms. This may be due to the fact that there are increasingly more SMIs implementing performance-based remuneration system to remain competitive. Furthermore, as wage level of labours in LIs is generally known to be higher than those in SMIs, hence, the increase in wages of labours in the LIs may seem relatively lower than those in SMIs. The global financial crisis seems to have a positive effect on the small and medium industries but negative effect on the large industries.
Removal of soluble manganese by oxide-coated filter media : sorption rate and removal mechanism issues

Research was conducted to provide a better understanding of the mechanisms of Mn(II) removal in oxide-coated filters. The kinetics of Mn(II) sorption by MnOx(s)-coated filter media were quantified as a function of solution pH, MnOx(s) surface concentration, and free chlorine concentration of the filter-applied water. Rate of Mn(II) sorption was positively correlated to the number of available surface adsorption sites within a filter. Free chlorine had a very significant role in defining both the rate and ultimate extent of Mn(II) removal. Addition of chlorine to the filter-applied water oxidized the adsorbed Mn(II), thereby continually regenerating the media surface. In the absence of free chlorine, Mn(II) removal was by adsorption only; no evidence of auto-oxidation of Mn(II) was noted. Practical applications of the work to the operation of water treatment facilities concern the selection of oxidant dosing locations, the impact on filtration hydraulics, and the determination of media generation requirements.
Analisis Kemampuan Penalaran Analogis Siswa SMP dalam Menyelesaikan Masalah Matematika

Penalaran analogi secara khusus mempunyai peran penting dalam pelajaran matematika. Penalaran analogi dapat digunakan untuk membantu menyelesaikan masalah matematika, jika siswa dapat menggunakan pengetahuan yang telah dipelajari sebelumnya untuk menyelesaikan masalah yang baru. Berdasarkan hal tersebut maka penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mendeskripsikan bagaimana kemampuan penalaran analogi siswa dalam menyelesaikan masalah matematika. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif dengan pendekatan kualitatif. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di kelas VIIA SMP Brawijaya Smart School. Subjek penelitian terdiri dari 25 orang siswa. Berdasarkan hasil tes, siswa di kelompokan dalam 3 kelompok yaitu kelompok kemampuan penalaran analogi rendah (A1), kelompok kemampuan penalaran analogi sedang (A2), dan kelompok kemampuan penalaran analogi tinggi (A3). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kemampuan penalaran analogi siswa secara umum masih rendah.
Struggles and strategies in anaerobic and aerobic cycling tests: A mixed-method approach with a focus on tailored self-regulation strategies

Endurance sports pose a plethora of mental demands that exercisers have to deal with. Unfortunately, investigations of exercise-specific demands and strategies to deal with them are insufficiently researched, leading to a gap in knowledge about athletic requirements and strategies used to deal with them. Here, we investigated which obstacles exercisers experience during an anaerobic (Wingate test) and an aerobic cycling test (incremental exercise test), as well as the strategies they considered helpful for dealing with these obstacles (qualitative analysis). In addition, we examined whether thinking of these obstacles and strategies in terms of if-then plans (or implementation intentions; i.e., “If I encounter obstacle O, then I will apply strategy S! ”) improves performance over merely setting performance goals (i.e., goal intentions; quantitative analysis). N = 59 participants (age: M = 23.9 ± 6.5 years) performed both tests twice in a 2-within (Experimental session: 1 vs. 2) × 2-between (Condition: goal vs. implementation intention) design. Exercisers’ obstacles and strategies were assessed using structured interviews in Session 1 and subjected to thematic analysis. In both tests, feelings of exertion were the most frequently stated obstacle. Motivation to do well, self-encouragement, and focus on the body and on cycling were frequently stated strategies in both tests. There were also test-specific obstacles, such as boredom reported in the aerobic test. For session 2, the obstacles and strategies elicited in Session 1 were used to specify if-then plans. Bayesian mixed-factor ANOVA suggests, however, that if-then plans did not help exercisers to improve their performance. These findings shed novel light into the mental processes accompanying endurance exercise and the limits they pose on performance.
Highly Active Ni-Based Catalyst Derived from Double Hydroxides Precursor for Low Temperature CO2 Methanation

The Ni nanoparticles supported on Al2O3 metal oxides with different Ni2+/Al3+ molar ratios from 1/1 to 6/1 (denoted as NixAL-MO) derived from Ni–Al hydrotalcite precursors (NixAl-LDHs) were prepared and applied to CO2 methanation at a low temperature. By adjusting the Ni2+/Al3+ ratios, the alkaline and reducibility of the catalysts were designed, and the catalysts showed efficient catalytic performance at a low temperature. The Ni5AL-MO catalyst demonstrated the highest CO2 conversion of 89.4% at 250 °C. The superior catalytic property was related to the basic property, readily reducible NiO species, and the cooperation of metal nanoparticles and basic sites. The reaction intermediate species formed on the catalyst surface were identified by in situ FTIR analysis, and the reduction mechanism of CO2 was revealed. Moreover, the Ni5Al-MO catalyst had excellent resistance to carbon deposition and metal sintering after a long reaction duration. The NixAl-LDHs as the catalyst precursor show a promising potentia.
Advanced reactor concepts for oxidative coupling of methane

ABSTRACT Oxidative coupling of methane (OCM) has been investigated as an interesting way to obtain higher hydrocarbons from natural gas. The aim of this article is to evaluate the reactor concepts for oxidative coupling of methane, from the 1980s through the current state of the art, giving a general insight into the reactor engineering possibilities and perspectives of application of OCM in large scale reactors. The concepts were classified according to the type of reactor bed, the heat management system, the oxygen feeding policy, the degree of integration with separation units, the relative cost, and the current demonstration on industrial scale.
Political repression motivates anti-government violence

We examined whether political repression deters citizens from engaging in anti-government behaviour (its intended goal) or in fact motivates it. Analyses of 101 nationally representative samples from three continents (N = 139 266) revealed a positive association between perceived levels of repression and intentions to engage in anti-government violence. Additional analyses of fine-grained data from three countries characterized by widespread repression and anti-government violence (N = 2960) identified a positive association between personal experience with repression and intentions to engage in anti-government violence. Randomized experiments revealed that thoughts about repression also motivate participation in anti-government violence. These results suggest that political repression, aside from being normatively abhorrent, motivates anti-repressor violence.
Eating disorders during the COVID-19 pandemic: An overview of risks and recommendations for treatment and early intervention

Individuals with eating disorders (EDs) are at significant risk for increases in symptomatology and diminished treatment access during the COVID-19 pandemic. Environmental precautions to limit coronavirus spread have affected food availability and access to healthy coping mechanisms, and have contributed to weight stigmatizing social media messages that may be uniquely harmful for those experiencing EDs. Additionally, changes in socialization and routine, stress, and experiences of trauma that are being experienced globally may be particularly deleterious to ED risk and recovery. This paper presents a brief review of the pertinent literature related to risk of EDs in the context of COVID-19 and offers suggestions for modifying intervention efforts to accommodate for the unique challenges individuals with EDs and providers may be experiencing in light of the ongoing public health crisis.
Biodiversity of phytoplankton from polyculture milkfish and white shrimp vanname pond culture waters, Pekalongan region

The objectives to study the effect of Biodiversity of Phytoplankton on the productivity in Polyculture Milkfish and White shrimp vanname Pond Culture waters, Kandang Panjang Pekalongan Region, Centre of Java. Methodology The sampling have tried station T1,T2,T3,T4 were in pond culture of polyculture waters to identify a phyto planton in polyculture pond Kandang Panjang waters. The sampling was carryout between Pebruary to Mei 2018. The result study showed that the value of the diversity indices in T1 treatment obtained the value of diversity indices (H’ = 1.093), T2 obtained diversity values (H’ = 1,072), T3 found (H’ = 1,804) and T4 showed (H’ = 1,907). The similliarity indexs are T1 (values, E = 0.765), values (E = 0.606), T3 ((E = 0.785) and T4 (E = 0.895). The dominance indices values phyto plankton showed T1 (value D = 0.725), T2 (D = 0.606,), T3(D = 00.595) and T4 (D = 00.578). The diversity indices showed higher vlues at T4 showed variety of diversity indices (H’ = 1,907). sampling site as compared to other three (T1,T2, and T3). During experiment showed the water quality of pond culture polyculture milkfish and white shrimp vanname was in viable condition.
Properties of NiO nanostructured growth using thermal dry oxidation of nickel metal thin film for hydrogen gas sensing at room temperature

A highly qualitative NiO nanostructure was synthesized using thermal dry oxidation of metallic Ni thin films on ITO/glass using the RF sputtering technique. The deposited nickel thin films were oxidized in air ambient at 550 °C inside a furnace. The structural and surface morphologies, and the electrical and gas sensing properties of the NiO nanostructure were examined. An x-ray diffraction analysis demonstrated that the NiO nanostructure has a cubic structure with orientation of the most intense peak at (2 0 0), and shows good crystalline quality. Finite-element scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy results revealed O and Ni present in the treated samples, indicating a pure NiO nanostructure composition obtained with high porosity. The electrical properties of the oxidize Ni thin films showed a p-type NiO thin film semiconductor. A hydrogen gas sensing measurement was made at different operating temperatures and different gas concentrations with a detection limit of 30 ppm concentration. The sensor device shows great sensing properties with an excellent sensitivity (310%) at room temperature, which decreases with an increase in the operating temperature. Superfast response and recovery times of 6 and 0.5 s, respectively, were observed with the device at 150 °C operating temperature.
Involvement of mast cells and mast cell serine proteinases in equine heaves

Mast cells release potent mediators upon degranulation, including serine proteinases. These proteinases play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of human asthma. Due to the similarities between human asthma and equine heaves, a similar role for the mast cell in equine heaves is proposed. Antibodies directed against equine tryptase and equine mast cell proteinase-1 (eq.MCP-1) were purified, validated and used to develop ELISAs for determination of proteinase concentrations in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) from controls, clinical heaves horses, heaves horses in remission and horses with other pulmonary diseases. Clinical heaves horses had significantly increased BALF tryptase concentrations compared to controls or heaves horses in remission, whereas BALF tryptase concentrations of controls and heaves horses in remission did not significantly differ. Horses with other pulmonary diseases also had significantly elevated BALF tryptase concentrations compared to controls. Very low eq.MCP-1 concentrations were detected in all samples. Likewise, eq.MCP-1 immunoreactive cells were scarcely observed in equine lung tissue or BALF cytospins suggesting that eq.MCP-1 may be unimportant in the healthy and heaves affected equine lung. Cloning and sequencing of these proteinases revealed an alanine 216 substitution in equine tryptase, which confers increased arginine substrate specificity and may restrict fibrinogenolysis in vivo. The deduced eq.MCP-1 Aa sequence differed from that isolated from equine mastocytoma tissue and it appears that a similar, but novel, chymase was sequenced. Probing of tryptase mRNA transcript regulation in control and heaves susceptible horses revealed no significant change in airway luminal cell pellet tryptase expression following hay/straw challenge of control or heaves horses. However, bioiicliiolar tissue from heaves horses in early resolution phase had significantly down-regulated tryptase transcripts compared to controls. Furthermore, immunohistochemistry revealed significant intra-epithelial recruitment of tryptase positive mast cells in heaves horses compared to controls, suggesting involvement of tissue mast cells in response to challenge.
Kesan kaedah pengekstrakan fukoidan terhadap hasil, kandungan fukosa dan ketulenan fukoidan daripada Sargassum sp. Dari pulau langkawi, Malaysia

The objective of this study was to determine the effect of extraction methods on the yield, fucose content and purity of fucoidan that had been isolated from brown seaweed, Sargassum sp. The extraction of fucoidan was carried out based on the factorial design assigned, which involved three different parameters including two types of extraction (acid and alkaline), three different extraction temperatures (45, 65 and 85 °C) and three different extraction time (1, 3 and 5 hours). Results obtained showed that the best extraction parameter that gave the highest yield of fucoidan extract was the alkaline extraction at 65 °C for 3 hours. Alkaline extraction also produced higher purity and better quality of fucoidan compared to the fucoidan extracted by hydrochloric acidic.
The Impact of Potassium Manganate (VII) on the Effectiveness of Coagulation in the Removal of Iron and Manganese from Groundwater with an Increased Content of Organic Substances

Abstract The article presents the results of studies concerning the impact of the method of Fe(II) ion oxidisation (dissolved oxygen and potassium manganate (VII)) on the effectiveness of coagulation in the removal of iron and manganese from groundwater with an increased content of organic substances. The efficiencies of two coagulants were compared: aluminium sulphate (VI) and polyaluminium chloride (Flokor 1.2A). Among the used methods of iron (II) oxidisation, the best effects have been achieved by potassium manganate (VII) because one of the oxidation products was manganese oxide (IV) precipitating from water. Better results in purifying the water were obtained with the use of a prehydrolysed coagulant Flokor 1.2 A than aluminium sulphate (VI).
A Potential Corrosion Inhibitor for Acid Corrosion of Mild Steel

1-Phenyl-3-methylpyrazol-5-one (HPMP) was evaluated as corrosion inhibitor for mild steel in hydrochloric, nitric and perchloric acid solutions, using weight loss measurements at room temperature. HPMP was found to retard the corrosion rate of mild steel in hydrochloric and nitric acid solutions, while it aided the corrosion of same metal in perchloric acid solution. Corrosion rate decreased linearly with degree of surface coverage, and higher values of half-life were obtained for the coupons coated with HPMP inhibitor. The thicker the film of the HPMP coating on the metal, the more protection it gave to it, giving rise to the increase in inhibition efficiency.
Political Struggle for Women Empowerment: A Comparative Study of General Zia-ul-Haq and General Pervez Musharraf Era

Women are more than half of the Pakistan’s population, still they are discriminated in every field of life due to prevailing misinterpreted religious teachings, patriarchy, and feudalistic values, which are deep rooted in society. Alongside, since independence military role remain dominant in political that have strong impact in shaping women status in Pakistan. For this reason, in this article comparison of two military regimes General Zia-ul-Haq and General Pervez Musharraf is made to explore how their policies shaped the women status in Pakistani society. General Zia was determined to Islamized the legal system of Pakistan, which limited the women within four walls of home; no practical political will was there to empower women. The introduction of Hadood Ordinance 1979, blocked women social, economic, and political liberation. Contrary to this, General Pervez Musharraf’s era seems a cure, as political efforts made, for instance, Women Protection Bill 2006 introduced, and vague legislation introduced in General Zia era redrafted. First time in history of Pakistan women quota that much increased in National Assemblies of Pakistan, their political struggle to get rights encouraged, which resulted in women-oriented legislation. All this effort, remained very helpful to enhance the women social, economic, and political position at national level, and portrayed soft image of Pakistan internationally.