Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Destabilizing effects of the suprathermal populations in the solar wind

Context. Suprathermal populations are ubiquitous in the solar wind, indicating plasma states out of thermal equilibrium, and an excess of free energy expected to enhance the kinetic instabilities. However, recent endeavors to disclose the e ﬀ ects of these populations on the electromagnetic instabilities driven by the temperature anisotropy do not conﬁrm this expectation, but mainly show that these instabilities are inhibited by the suprathermals. Aims. In an attempt to clarify the e ﬀ ect of the suprathermals, we propose to revisit the existing models for the anisotropic velocity distributions of plasma particles and to provide an alternative comparative analysis that unveils the destabilizing e ﬀ ects of the suprathermal populations. Methods. Suprathermal tails of the observed distributions are best ﬁtted by the Kappa power laws (with the bi-Kappa variant to model temperature anisotropies), which are nearly Maxwellian at low speeds (thermal core) and decrease as a power law at high speeds (suprathermal halo). To unveil the destabilizing e ﬀ ects of the suprathermal populations, the existing methods (A) compare Kappa and Maxwellian distributions of the same e ﬀ ective temperature, while the alternative comparative method (B) proposed in this paper allows for an increase of the e ﬀ ective temperature with increasing the suprathermal populations. Both of these two methods are invoked here to quantify and compare the e ﬀ ects of suprathermal electrons on the electromagnetic electron-cyclotron (EMEC) instability, driven by the temperature anisotropy T e , ⊥ > T e , (cid:107) of the electrons (where (cid:107) , ⊥ are directions with respect to the magnetic ﬁeld). Results. Only the Maxwellian limit of lower e ﬀ ective temperature shapes the Kappa model at low energies (method B), enabling a realistic comparison between the Maxwellian core and the global best-ﬁtting Kappa, which incorporates both the core and suprather- mal tails. In this case, the EMEC instability is found to be markedly and systematically enhanced by the suprathermal populations for any level of the temperature anisotropy. The results of the present study may provide valuable premises for a realistic description of the suprathermal populations and their destabilizing e ﬀ ects for the whole spectrum of kinetic instabilities in the solar wind.
An inverse mapping theorem for arc-analytic homeomorphisms

We show that a subanalytic map-germ (R, 0) → (R, 0) which is arc-analytic and bi-Lipschitz has an arc-analytic inverse. Let U be an open subset of R or more generally a smooth real analytic variety. Following [8] we say that a map f : U → R is arc-analytic if f ◦ α is analytic for any analytic arc α : (−ε, ε) → U . In general these functions are very far from being analytic, in particular there are arc-analytic functions which are not subanalytic [9], not continuous [2], with a non-discrete singular set [10]. Hence it is natural to consider only arc-analytic maps with subanalytic graphs. In the late seventies T. -C. Kuo introduced the notion of blow-analytic mappings, i.e., mappings which become analytic after a composition with appropriate proper bi-meromorphic maps (e.g. composition of blowings-up with smooth centers). He suggested that the equivalence relation for germs of analytic functions, defined by blow-analytic homeomorphisms, should give “the canonical” strat2000 Mathematics Subject Classification: Primary 32B20; Secondary 14Pxx.
Variation of student numerical and figural reasoning approaches by pattern generalization type, strategy use and grade level

This paper explored variation of student numerical and figural reasoning approaches across different pattern generalization types and across grade level. An instrument was designed for this purpose. The instrument was given to a sample of 1232 students from grades 4 to 11 from five schools in Lebanon. Analysis of data showed that the numerical reasoning approach seems to be more dominant than the figural reasoning approach for the near and far pattern generalization types but not for the immediate generalization type. The findings showed that for the recursive strategy, the numerical reasoning approach seems to be more dominant than the figural reasoning approach for each of the three pattern generalization types. However, the figural reasoning approach seems to be more dominant than the numerical reasoning approach for the functional strategy, for each generalization type. The findings also showed that the numerical reasoning was more dominant than the figural reasoning in lower grade levels (grades 4 and 5) for each generalization type. In contrast, the figural reasoning became more dominant than the numerical reasoning in the upper grade levels (grades 10 and 11).
Wake Fields Generated by the LOLA-IV Structure and the $3^{rd}$ Harmonic Section in TTF-II

In this report we estimate longand short-range wake functions for new elements to be used in TESLA Test Facility (TTF) – II. The wake potentials of the LOLA-IV structure and the 3 harmonic section are calculated numerically for very short bunches and analytical approximations for wake functions in short and long ranges are obtained by fitting procedures based on analytical estimations.
Strong solutions of 3D compressible Oldroyd‐B fluids

This paper is concerned with a compressible viscoelastic fluids of Oldroyd‐B type. We prove the existence of unique local strong solutions for all initial data satisfying some compatibility condition. Moreover, we establish a blow‐up criterion for the strong solution in terms of the Lt∞Lx∞ norm of the density tensor ρ and the Lt2Lx∞ norm of the symmetric tensor of constraints τ. All the results hold for the initial density vanishing from below. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Inferences for the Linear Errors-in-Variables with Changepoint Models

Abstract A new linear structural errors-in-variables regression with changepoint model is considered. In this model we consider the likelihood ratio test based on the maximum Hotelling T 2 for the test of no change against the alternative of exactly one change. If there is a change, either known a priori or by testing, then we estimate the unknown changepoint parameter and some other related parameters by maximum likelihood. The limiting distribution of the changepoint estimator is investigated and it is shown that the asymptotic efficiency increases as the absolute regression slope coefficient increases. A Monte Carlo study shows that the proposed estimator performs satisfactorily.
Endoluminal non-contact soft tissue ablation using fiber-based Er:YAG laser delivery

The introduction of Er:YAG lasers for soft and hard tissue ablation has proven promising results over the last decades due to strong absorption at 2.94 μm wavelength by water molecules. An extension to endoluminal applications demands laser delivery without mirror arms due to dimensional constraints. Therefore, fiber-based solutions are advanced to provide exible access while keeping space requirements to a minimum. Conventional fiber-based treatments aim at laser-tissue interactions in contact mode. However, this procedure is associated with disadvantages such as advancing decrease in power delivery due to particle coverage of the fiber tip, tissue carbonization, and obstructed observation of the ablation progress. The objective of this work is to overcome aforementioned limitations with a customized fiber-based module for non-contact robot-assisted endoluminal surgery and its associated experimental evaluation. Up to the authors knowledge, this approach has not been presented in the context of laser surgery at 2.94 μm wavelength. The preliminary system design is composed of a 3D Er:YAG laser processing unit enabling automatic laser to fiber coupling, a GeO2 solid core fiber, and a customized module combining collimation and focusing unit (focal length of 20 mm, outer diameter of 8 mm). The performance is evaluated with studies on tissue substitutes (agar-agar) as well as porcine samples that are analysed by optical coherence tomography measurements. Cuts (depths up to 3mm) with minimal carbonization have been achieved under adequate moistening and sample movement (1.5mms-1). Furthermore, an early cadaver study is presented. Future work aims at module miniaturization and integration into an endoluminal robot for scanning and focus adaptation.
Application of tea polyphenols as additives in brown fermented milk: potential analysis of mitigating Maillard reaction products.

Brown fermented milk (BFM) is favored by consumers in the dairy market for its unique burnt flavor and brown color. However, Maillard reaction products (MRPs) from high temperature baking are also noteworthy. In this study, tea polyphenols (TP) were initially developed as potential inhibitors of MRPs formation in BFM. The results showed that the flavor profile of BFM did not change after adding 0.08% (wt/wt) of TP, and its inhibition rates on 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furaldehyde (5-HMF), glyoxal (GO), methylglyoxal (MGO), Nε-carboxymethyl lysine (CML) and Nε-carboxyethyl lysine (CEL) were 60.8%, 27.12%, 23.44%, 57.7% and 31.28%, respectively. After 21 d of storage, the levels of 5-HMF, GO, MGO, CML and CEL in BFM with TP were 46.3%, 9.7%, 20.6%, 5.2%, and 24.7% lower than the control group, respectively. Moreover, there was a smaller change in their color and the browning index was lower than that of the control group. The significance of this study was to develop TP as additives to inhibit the production of MRPs in brown fermented yogurt without changing color and flavors, thereby making dairy products safer for consumers.
Idiotope-Driven T-Cell/B-Cell Collaboration-Based T-Cell Epitope Prediction Using B-Cell Receptor Repertoire Sequences in Infectious Diseases

T-cell recognition of antigen epitopes is a crucial step for the induction of adaptive immune responses, and the identification of such T-cell epitopes is, therefore, important for understanding diverse immune responses and controlling T-cell immunity. A number of bioinformatic tools exist that predict T-cell epitopes; however, many of these methods highly rely on evaluating conventional peptide presentation by major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, but they ignore epitope sequences recognized by T-cell receptor (TCR). Immunogenic determinant idiotopes are present on the variable regions of immunoglobulin molecules expressed on and secreted by B-cells. In idiotope-driven T-cell/B-cell collaboration, B-cells present the idiotopes on MHC molecules for recognition by idiotope-specific T-cells. According to the idiotype network theory formulated by Niels Jerne, such idiotopes found on anti-idiotypic antibodies exhibit molecular mimicry of antigens. Here, by combining these concepts and defining the patterns of TCR-recognized epitope motifs (TREMs), we developed a T-cell epitope prediction method that identifies T-cell epitopes derived from antigen proteins by analyzing B-cell receptor (BCR) sequences. This method allowed us to identify T-cell epitopes that contain the same TREM patterns between BCR and viral antigen sequences in two different infectious diseases caused by dengue virus and SARS-CoV-2 infection. The identified epitopes were among the T-cell epitopes detected in previous studies, and T-cell stimulatory immunogenicity was confirmed. Thus, our data support this method as a powerful tool for the discovery of T-cell epitopes from BCR sequences.
On the time-asymptotic behaviour of solutions in thermoelasticity

Synopsis We consider initial boundary value problems for the equations of linear thermoelasticity in both bounded and unbounded domains and for both nonhomogeneous and anisotropic media. For bounded domains, it is shown that the unique solution of the problem is time-asymptotically equal to the solution of a particular initial boundary value problem which is obtained from a natural decomposition of the original initial data and which represents a (in general non-vanishing) time harmonic part. For the unbounded case similar results are obtained, but now in the sense of weak convergence which lead to the result of local energy decay: the solution tends to zero in every compactum.
On the Brezis-Nirenberg Problem with a Kirchhoff Type Perturbation

Abstract In this paper, we investigate a Kirchhoff type elliptic problem, where Ω ⊂ ℝ3 is an open ball, λ ∈ ℝ and b ≥ 0. We give an extension of the result by Brezis-Nirenberg in 1983 to the case b > 0. In particular, we can observe several effects of the nonlocal coefficient on the well known results related to the existence, nonexistence and uniqueness.
Combined NMR Spectroscopy and Quantum-Chemical Calculations in Fluorescent 1,2,3-Triazole-4-carboxylic Acids Fine Structures Analysis

The peculiarities of the optical properties of 2-aryl-1,2,3-triazole acids and their sodium salts were investigated in different solvents (1,4-dioxane, dimethyl sulfoxide DMSO, methanol MeOH) and in mixtures with water. The results were discussed in terms of the molecular structure formed by inter- and intramolecular noncovalent interactions (NCIs) and their ability to ionize in anions. Theoretical calculations using the Time-Dependent Density Functional Theory (TDDFT) were carried out in different solvents to support the results. In polar and nonpolar solvents (DMSO, 1,4-dioxane), fluorescence was provided by strong neutral associates. Protic MeOH can weaken the acid molecules’ association, forming other fluorescent species. The fluorescent species in water exhibited similar optical characteristics to those of triazole salts; therefore, their anionic character can be assumed. Experimental 1H and 13C-NMR spectra were compared to their corresponding calculated spectra using the Gauge-Independent Atomic Orbital (GIAO) method and several relationships were established. All these findings showed that the obtained photophysical properties of the 2-aryl-1,2,3-triazole acids noticeably depend on the environment and, therefore, are good candidates as sensors for the identification of analytes with labile protons.
New perspectives on metabolic imaging in the management of prostate cancer in 2022: A focus on radiolabeled PSMA‑PET/CT (Review)

Nuclear medicine is an essential part of prostate cancer management concerning initial staging, patient follow-up and even therapy. Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) is a glutamate carboxypeptidase II transmembrane glycoprotein expressed by 80% of prostatic cells. The interest in this protein is due to its specificity for prostatic tissue. The use of 68GaPSMA PET/CT in the context of disease staging is thus well-established and recommended, especially for high-risk disease with metastases and lymph node involvement. However, the risk of false positives raises questions regarding its place in the management of patients with prostate cancer. The present study aimed to determine the use of PET-PSMA in the care of patients with prostate cancer but also to assess its limits of use.
Biodiversity protection against anthropogenic climate change: Conservation prioritization of Castanea sativa in the South Caucasus based on genetic and ecological metrics

Abstract The climate drives species distribution and genetic diversity; the latter defines the adaptability of populations and species. The ongoing climate crisis induces tree decline in many regions, compromising the mitigation potential of forests. Scientific‐based strategies for prioritizing forest tree populations are critical to managing the impact of climate change. Identifying future climate refugia, which are locations naturally buffering the negative impact of climate change, may facilitate local conservation. In this work, we conducted the populations' prioritization for Castanea sativa (sweet chestnut), a Neogene relict growing in the Caucasus global biodiversity hotspot. We generated genetic and ecological metrics for 21 sites in Georgia and Azerbaijan, which cover the natural range of sweet chestnut across the region. We demonstrated that climate primarily drives the pattern of genetic diversity in C. sativa, proved with a significant isolation‐by‐environment model. In future, climate change may significantly reorganize the species' genetic diversity, inducing even some genetic loss, especially in the very distinct eastern fringe of the species range in Azerbaijan. Based on our combined approach, we mapped populations suitable for ex situ and in situ conservation, accounting for genetic variability and the location of future climate refugia.
Desensitization and belatacept-based maintenance therapy in pregnancy-sensitized monkeys receiving a kidney transplant

Among sensitized patients awaiting a transplant, females are disproportionately represented, partly because of pregnancy-induced sensitization. Using female NHPs sensitized by pregnancy alone, we examined the efficacy of costimulation blockade and proteasome inhibition for desensitization. Three animals received no desensitization (control), and seven animals received weekly carfilzomib (27 mg/m2) and belatacept (20 mg/kg) before kidney transplantation. All animals received renal allografts from crossmatch-positive/maximally MHC-mismatched donors. Controls and three desensitized animals received tacrolimus-based immunosuppression. Four desensitized animals received additional belatacept with tacrolimus-based immunosuppression. Multiparous females had less circulating donor-specific antibody when compared to skin-sensitized males before transplantation. While females receiving desensitization showed only a marginal survival benefit over control females (MST = 11 days versus 63 days), additional belatacept to posttransplant maintenance significantly prolonged graft survival (MST > 164 days) and suppressed posttransplant DSA and circulating follicular helper T-like cells. This combination of therapies demonstrates great potential to reduce antibody-mediated rejection in sensitized recipients.
Maternal and infantile gut mycobiome during the weaning period in free ranging Tibetan macaques (Macaca thibetana)

Abstract Gut microbiome is critical to the health of mammals. Many previous studies have revealed the gut bacterial microbiomes of mother and infant changed significantly during the weaning period. However, little is known concerning the gut mycobiome of wild primates. Here, we examined the variations on gut mycobiome between weaning and post‐weaning for both mother and infant in wild‐living Tibetan macaques (Macaca thibetana). Our results showed that the gut mycobiomes of mother and infant were dominated by two phyla Ascomycota and Basidiomycota. For both mother and infant, the ASV richness of gut mycobiome remained relatively steady from weaning to post‐weaning periods, while the Shannon indexes increased significant in weaning compared to post‐weaning periods. However, no significant difference between mother and infant ASV richness and Shannon indexes during weaning and post‐weaning periods respectively. Compared to mothers, we found that much more known taxa of gut fungi were enriched in weaning or post‐weaning periods of infants. In particular, we found that the dominant genus Aspergillus was enriched in infants during weaning period. Furthermore, we found that the relative abundance of plant pathogens were significantly higher in the post‐weaning period than in the weaning period for infants. Our results indicated that weaning events could affect the gut mycobiome significantly for both mothers and infant in Tibetan macaques, which had a stronger effect on the gut mycobiome of infant monkeys than on their mothers.
Lived experiences of disabled individuals living in Bahir Dar City, North West Ethiopia, a phenomenological study

Background When an individual’s activities and performances in a normal environment are limited in nature, function, or quality, that person is considered to have a disability. Although many studies on disabled people’s lived experiences have been conducted around the world, there is still a significant gap between nations in multiple cases such as culture, economic status, and the recommendation of a previous study in Ethiopia, which is one reason for conducting this research. Objectives To explore the lived experiences of disabled individuals living in Bahir Dar City Methods A descriptive phenomenology study design was employed in Bahir Dar city on 15 disabled individuals from November 15 to December 20, 2022. A heterogeneous purposive sampling technique was used to select study participants. Data was collected by using an in-depth interview. The rigor and trustworthiness of the study were maintained by transferability, dependability, credibility, and conformability. Colaizzi’s phenomenological analysis method was used for the development of codes and themes. Software (ATLAS. ti 7) version 7.5. 6 was used for analysis. Result Five major themes and fourteen sub-themes were developed that explain lived experiences of disabled individuals. Physical, psychological, social, economic and coping strategy experiences were major themes. Depression and negative emotional behavior were sub-themes under psychological experiences. Unemployment with the absence of a workplace and inadequate income were sub-themes under the economical experiences of participants. Conclusion In this qualitative interview study, the lived experience of individuals living with disability in Bahir Dar city were addressed in terms of the physical, psychological, social, economic, and coping mechanism experience of disabled individuals. Special needs professionals and social support groups should have been assigned and present in all institutions to serve the PwDs to assure equal accessibility of services.
Exploring the perception of barriers to a dual career by student-athletes with/out disabilities

In recent years, there has been an increase in knowledge about the barriers experienced by people with disabilities in the education system or sports. However, no studies have analyzed the barriers for those who try to succeed in both disciplines (dual career). The purpose of this study was to examine the barriers faced by student-athletes with/out disability to a dual career combining studies and sport. Two groups were involved in the study (n = 162): student-athletes with disabilities (n = 79) and student-athletes without disabilities (n = 83). Data collected included: (a) socio-demographic aspects; and (b) barriers towards achieving a good balance between sport and academics during the dual career, through the "Perceptions of dual career student-athletes" (ESTPORT) questionnaire. The results showed that student-athletes with disabilities were more likely to perceive in a greater extent the barriers, the university is far from my home (p = 0.007) and the university is far from my training site (p = 0.006), I find myself unable to balance study and training time (p = 0.030), I have to take care of my family (p<0.001), and my current job does not allow me to study enough (p<0.001). The MANOVA analysis showed that the factors gender, competitive level, and employment status had an influence on the perception of some barriers between groups. In conclusion, student-athletes with disabilities perceived barriers more strongly than those without disabilities, and measures are needed to ensure their inclusion in the education system.
Temperature effects in AgGaS 2 nonlinear devices

Refractive indices of AgGaS2 crystal are measured at different temperatures using the classical minimum deviation technique and are fitted in appropriate dispersion relations. The variation of pump laser wavelength for noncritical upconversion of signal at 10.6 μm with the change in crystal temperature has been verified using the above data. Temperature tunable infrared generation by noncritically phase-matched difference-frequency mixing has been predicted from 3 to 18 μm.