Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
ATCA Monitoring Observations of 202 Compact Radio Sources in Support of the VSOP AGN Survey

The Australia Telescope Compact Array (ATCA) has been used in support of the VLBI Space Observatory Programme (VSOP) space VLBI mission, to monitor the total and polarised flux densities of 202 objects that make up 83% of the VSOP all-sky Survey of compact extragalactic radio sources south of δ = + 10°. The primary goal of the ATCA observations is to provide information on the total and polarised emission from the compact components in these sources, for correlation with parameters obtained from VSOP imaging observations. These data represent the first high resolution, long timescale flux density monitoring observations of a large number of southern compact radio sources. In the future, comparison of the ATCA and VSOP data will be used to investigate relativistic beaming models and identify similarities or differences between the major classes of extragalactic radio sources. As an illustration of the scientific value of the ATCA data we undertake a comparison of the properties of the gamma-ray loud and gamma-ray quiet AGN in the southern component of the VSOP Survey sample, finding that in a flat-spectrum sub-sample the gamma-ray loud AGN are more variable than the gamma-ray quiet AGN.
A Geometric Examination of Linear Model Assumptions

From a geometric perspective, linear model theory relies on a single assumption, that (‘corrected’) data vector directions are uniformly distributed in Euclidean space. We use this perspective to explore pictorially the effects of violations of the traditional assumptions (normality, independence and homogeneity of variance) on the Type I error rate. First, for several non‐normal distributions we draw geometric pictures and carry out simulations to show how the effects of non‐normality diminish with increased parent distribution symmetry and continuity, and increased sample size. Second, we explore the effects of dependencies on Type I error rate. Third, we use simulation and geometry to investigate the effect of heterogeneity of variance on Type I error rate. We conclude, in a fresh way, that independence and homogeneity of variance are more important assumptions than normality. The practical implication is that statisticians and authors of statistical computing packages need to pay more attention to the correctness of these assumptions than to normality.
Discrete physics and the derivation of electromagnetism from the formalism of quantum mechanics

Freeman Dyson has recently focused attention on a remarkable derivation of electromagnetism from apparently quantum mechanical assumptions about the motion of a single particle. We present a new version of the Feynman-Dyson derivation in a discrete context. In the course of our derivation, we have uncovered a useful and elegant reformulation of the calculus of finite differences.
Choosing to choose or not

To what degree do people prefer to choose for themselves and what drives this preference? Is it memory-based and results from a life-long association between choices and better outcomes, or is the process of choice itself reinforcing? In a new paradigm, across 6 experiments, participants experienced both ’Own Choice’ and ’Computer Picks’ conditions with identical outcomes before selecting which condition to re-experience in the final part of the experiment. Consistent with previous work, an overwhelming majority ( 83%) preferred own-choice. Several variations of the paradigm reveal that (1) Preference For Choice (PFC) is reduced when thinking about the task without actually choosing in it, (2) PFC is substantially reduced by choice-unrelated cognitive load, and (3) Preference For Choice is further diminished when selection is based on criteria other than one’s preferences. Across experiments, participants’ self-rated enjoyment predicted a significant portion of their PFC, while their perceived gains had little to no predictive value. If PFC stems solely from past reinforcement learning (i.e., memory) then neither performing another few scores of choices nor adding cognitive load to that sequence of choices would be expected to dramatically affect it. Hence, our findings suggest that a significant part of this preference stems from the process of choice itself, and that the experience it confers can itself be reinforcing. We discuss the implications of the proposed mechanism for PFC, which leads us to the prediction that PFC may be muted or even reversed under specific conditions and what this means for when the ‘opposite’ effect – sticking with the default – will occur.
Chemical ordering in magnetic FePd/Pd(001) epitaxial thin films induced by annealing

Chemically disordered FePd epitaxial layers are grown at room temperature by molecular beam epitaxy on a Pd(001) buffer layer and then annealed in order to induce the chemically ordered L1{sub 0} (AuCu I) structure. Contrary to what is observed in the case of ordering during growth above room temperature, the ordered structure appears here with the three possible variants of the L1{sub 0} phase. The ratio of the three different variant volumes is set by the residual epitaxial strain in the layer before annealing. It thus explains that for long annealing times, the long-range order parameter associated with the L1{sub 0} variant with c along the (100) growth direction saturates at a value close to 0.65, and never reaches unity. Magnetic consequences of the ordering are studied.
Necessary Conditions Joining Optimal Singular and Nonsingular Subarcs

Necessary conditions for the optimality of junctions between singular and nonsingular subarcs are developed for singular optimal control problems. Previously known necessary conditions concerning the continuity and smoothness of a piecewise analytic optimal control at a junction are clarified and extended. The main result is that the sum of the order of the singular arc and the lowest order time derivative of the control which is discontinuous at the junction must be an odd integer when the strengthened generalized Legendre-Clebsch condition is satisfied. Also, new necessary conditions which do not require an analyticity assumption are developed. These aid in characterizing problems which may possess nonanalytic junctions.
Selective Harmonic Elimination in a Multilevel Inverter Using Multi-Criteria Search Enhanced Firefly Algorithm

This research paper proposes the new multi-criteria search based enhanced firefly algorithm for solving selective harmonic elimination in a multilevel inverter. This new enhanced firefly utilizes adaptive nature of social and cognitive components to find the global optima. To see the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm and for the evaluation of results, a three phase nine level cascaded multilevel inverter is used. It is compared with existing meta-heuristic algorithms namely particle swarm optimization and firefly algorithm to validate its effectiveness. Crucial parameters for optimization, including population size and number of iterations, are kept same for comparison. For comparison, total harmonic distortion and convergence behaviour of algorithms against various modulation index values are considered. Moreover, results have clearly indicated that the proposed algorithm has surpassed particle swarm optimization and firefly algorithms in terms of convergence behaviour by attaining lower fitness value in lesser number of iterations. Finally, the experimental validation of selective harmonic elimination in multi-level inverter is also performed and analyzed.
Leukocyte telomere length and mitochondrial DNA copy number association with colorectal cancer risk in an aging population

In this study, we evaluated the association of blood leukocyte telomere length (LTL) and mitochondrial DNA copy number (mtDNA-CN) with the risk of incident colorectal cancer (CRC). We studied and followed-up a cohort of Russian men and women (aged 45 – 69 years, n = 9360, 54% female) from the HAPIEE study for 15 years. Using the nested case-control design, we selected cases with incident CRC among those free from any baseline cancer (n = 146) and sex- and age-stratified controls among those free from baseline cancer and cardiovascular disease and alive at the end of the follow-up (n = 799). We employed multivariable-adjusted logistic regression to estimate the odds ratios (ORs) of CRC per 1 decile of LTL or mtDNA-CN. We observed an inverse association of LTL and mtDNA-CN baseline values with the 15-year risk of incident CRC. Carriers of shorter telomeres had an increased 15-year risk of incident CRC with adjusted OR 3.2 (95% CI: 2.56 – 3.87, P < 0.001) per 1 decile decrease in LTL, independent of baseline age, sex, smoking, body mass index, blood pressure, lipid levels, and education. Similarly, lower mtDNA-CN was associated with the higher risk of incident CRC with adjusted OR 1.7 (95% CI: 1.12 – 1.89, P < 0.001) per 1 decile decrease in mtDNA-CN, independent of the aforementioned factors. Using the modified values of LTL and mtDNA-CN adjusted for multiple factors and their interactions with a case–control status, the ORs of CRC were 2.53 and 1.52 per 1 decile decrease in adjusted baseline LTL and mtDNA-CN, respectively. In conclusion, LTL and mtDNA-CN were independent inverse predictors of the 15-year risk of CRC in the Russian cohort. These findings highlight the relevance for subsequent research to exploit the mechanisms through which LTL and mtDNA-CN may reflect human health.
Assessing Influence on the Liu Estimates in Linear Regression Models

The Liu estimator has been developed as an alternative to the ordinary least squares estimator in the presence of collinearity among the elements of regressors in linear regression models. We present the DFFITS and different versions of the Cook distance analogous to the ones given for the ordinary linear regression models of each individual observation on the Liu estimates. We suggest a version of the Cook distance based on one-step approximation. The mean shift outlier model for the Liu regression has also been investigated. Moreover, using the Sherman-Morrison-Woodbury theorem, we find approximate versions of the DFFITS and the Cook distance. The proposed diagnostics are evaluated on two data sets and yield promising results.
Low-mass pre-main sequence stars and their X-ray emission.

To investigate the formation and early evolution of stars, astronomers study the x-ray emission of T Tauri stars, which are young, solar-mass stars called pre–main sequence stars. Two Earth-orbiting x-ray satellites, the Rontgen X-ray Satellite (ROSAT) and the Advanced Satellite for Cosmology and Astrophysics (ASCA), have discovered x-ray emission from young protostars, called Class I objects. Many T Tauri stars were detected as x-ray sources by ROSAT. X-ray luminosity functions and correlations with other stellar parameters can be studied and used to investigate the x-ray emission mechanism. From the ROSAT data hundreds of T Tauri stars have been discovered, some of which are located outside regions of ongoing star formation. Stellar x-rays also irradiate circumstellar disks, regions where planets may form, so x-ray emission data from T Tauri stars may also be used to investigate the formation of planets.
THE AMMONIA-WATER SYSTEM AND THE CHEMICAL DIFFERENTIATION OF ICY SATELLITES

Abstract We report the discovery of the first high-pressure polymorphs of ammonia hydrates: ammonia monohydrate II and ammonia dihydrate II. The subsolidus transitions and melting curves of these substances are shown by their volume–temperature functions; uncalibrated calorimetry corroborates these phase changes. From 20 to 300 MPa ammonia dihydrate and ice melt at a eutectic to form water-rich liquids; at lower and higher pressures, ammonia dihydrate melts incongruently to ammonia-rich liquids. The new data are consistent with independently known thermodynamic parameters of the ammonia–water system. These results fill in an important region of pressure–temperature space not previously studied; a body of previous data reported by other investigators covers a complementary region (higher pressures), but in the light of the new data those earlier results now appear to have been misinterpreted. We show that a suitable reinterpretation of the previous data supports the identification of at least one high-pressure polymorph of each compound. The behavior of the system H2O–NH3in many ways follows that of MgO–SiO2, and the roles of ammonia–water in icy satellite evolution may parallel those of magnesium silicates in Earth's structure, volcanism, and deep mantle tectonism. Pressure-related effects, including a pressure influence on the ammonia content of cryomagmas, might be significant in determining some potentially observable aspects of cryovolcanic morphologies, surface compositions, and interior structures of icy satellites.
The Prevalence and Indications of Intravenous Rehydration Therapy in Hospital Settings: A Systematic Review

(1) Objective: We performed a systematic review to explore the prevalence of intravenous (IV) rehydration therapy in hospital settings, and we assessed it by patient groups and populations. (2) Methods: A systematic review of major databases and grey literature was undertaken from inception to 28 March 2022. Studies reporting prevalence of IV rehydration therapy in a hospital setting were identified. The data were synthesised in a narrative approach. (3) Results: Overall, 29 papers met the inclusion criteria. The prevalence of IV rehydration therapy in paediatric patients ranged from 4.5% (hospitalised with diarrhoea and dehydration) to 100% (admitted to the emergency department with mild to moderate dehydration caused by viral gastroenteritis), and in adults this ranged from 1.5% (had single substance ingestion of modafinil) to 100% (hospitalised with hypercalcemia). The most common indication for IV rehydration therapy in paediatric patients was dehydration due to fluid loss from the gastrointestinal tract. Other causes included malnutrition, neuromuscular disease, bronchiolitis, and influenza. In adults, indications for IV rehydration therapy were much more diverse: fever, diarrhoea, drug intoxication, hypercalcemia, cancer, and postural tachycardia syndrome; (4) Conclusions: This systematic review showed that IV rehydration therapy in paediatric patients is often used to treat dehydration and diarrhoea, while in adults it has a broader spectrum of use. While IV rehydration therapy is important in correcting fluid problems and electrolyte status, the maintenance fluid prescribing practices vary considerably, and guidelines are scarce.
Adiponectin, Leptin, and Resistin Are Dysregulated in Patients Infected by SARS-CoV-2

Obesity, through adipose tissue (AT) inflammation and dysregulation, represents a critical factor for COVID-19; here, we investigated whether serum levels of adiponectin, HMW oligomers, leptin, and resistin are modulated and/or correlated with clinical and biochemical parameters of severe COVID-19 patients. This study included 62 severe COVID-19 patients; 62 age and sex-matched healthy subjects were recruited as a control group. Anthropometric and biochemical parameters were obtained and compared. Adiponectin, HMW oligomers, leptin, and resistin were analyzed by ELISA. The adiponectin oligomerization state was visualized by Western blotting. When compared to healthy subjects, total adiponectin levels were statistically lower in severe COVID-19 while, in contrast, the levels of leptin and resistin were statistically higher. Interestingly, HMW adiponectin oligomers negatively correlated with leptin and were positively associated with LUS scores. Resistin showed a positive association with IL-6, IL-2R, and KL-6. Our data strongly support that adipose tissue might play a functional role in COVID-19. Although it needs to be confirmed in larger cohorts, adiponectin HMW oligomers might represent a laboratory resource to predict patient seriousness. Whether adipokines can be integrated as a potential additional tool in the evolving landscape of biomarkers for the COVID-19 disease is still a matter of debate. Other studies are needed to understand the molecular mechanisms behind adipokine’s involvement in COVID-19.
Linear Instability Analysis of the jetting regime for Co-flowing immiscible liquids in co-axial microtubes

This paper applies the linear instability analysis to the prediction of the boundary between transition and jetting regimes for forming disperse droplets using co-flowing immiscible liquid in coaxial microtubes. Results are compared to a flow regimes map developed based on numerical simulations covering wide range of parameters and liquids properties. The results are also compared to reported experimental measurements for co-flowing ionized water and PDMS oil in coaxial microtubes. Although captures the general trend, the linear instability analysis consistently under predicts and over predict the boundary between transition and jetting at low and high Cad, respectively. This is because the analysis neglects the secondary perturbations and the inertia of the disperse liquid. Nonetheless, the linear instability analysis is a nearly accurate predicative approach that is much faster than performing Computation Fluid Dynamic (CFD) simulations or conducting experiments.
Simultaneous observations of fluctuating cusp aurora and low-latitude magnetopause reconnection

[1] The location and variability of magnetic reconnection are investigated using simultaneous in situ observations of boundary layer flows at the dayside magnetopause and remote sensing of proton cusp aurora in the ionosphere. Two events when the Geotail spacecraft was at the magnetopause and the Imager for Magnetopause to Aurora Global Exploration (IMAGE) spacecraft was observing cusp proton precipitation are used in this investigation. The directions of high-speed flows observed in the boundary layer by the Geotail spacecraft are compared to predicted directions from the antiparallel reconnection model and from two component reconnection models. The IMAGE cusp proton aurora observations provide additional information on the type of reconnection and on variability in the reconnection rate. For the first event, antiparallel reconnection may be occurring at the magnetopause and there is a long-duration (10 s of minutes) decrease in the proton aurora intensity. For the second event, component reconnection is occurring and variability in the cusp emissions on a timescale of several minutes appears to indicate variability in the reconnection rate.
Brand Experience Research in Hospitality and Tourism

This article aims to present a critical review of brand experience (BE) research in hospitality and tourism brand management literature based on a systematic literature and content analysis of 40 articles published in 25 peer-reviewed journals. The concept of BE is discussed by identifying leading journals, research methodologies, research contexts, country of research distribution, dimensionality approaches, and theoretical perspectives. Quantitative research was applied in most reviewed papers, and structural equation modeling (SEM), together with factor analysis (FA) emerged as preferred data analysis techniques. A steady increase in research papers exploring the construct of BE in an online context has been observed. The study suggests that BE is a critical and substantial ingredient of successful hotel, place, destination, restaurant, coffeehouse, cruise, and casino brand management. Additionally, key insights from previous empirical research were discussed from the perspective of antecedents and consequences of BE to provide a comprehensive conceptual framework. Drawing on the findings, potential themes for future research within six important areas of BE in hospitality and tourism were identified.
CEO characteristics and bank performance: Case of Vietnamese commercial banks

Abstract The article was conducted to evaluate the impact of CEO characteristics on the performance of Vietnamese commercial banks. Variables representing the performance of commercial banks are return on total assets (ROA) and return on equity (ROE). Data was collected from 30 Vietnamese commercial banks from 2012–2020. By the regression methods of Pooled OLS, Fixed Effects Model (FE), Random Effects Model (RE), Feasible Generalized Least Squares (FGLS), the research results show that CEO duality and CEO age positively impact the performance of Vietnamese commercial banks. In contrast, the female CEO factor has a negative impact on ROE. In addition, the study did not find evidence of the impact of the CEO’s financial background and the CEO tenure on the performance of Vietnamese commercial banks.
Benchmarking Computational Electromagnetics With the Large Resonant Circular Array of Electrically Short and Thick Dipoles

The phenomenon of resonances in large circular arrays of electrically short and thick dipoles was studied intensively in the nineties by Harvard’s Antenna Group, led by R. W. P. King and T. T. Wu. Here, we propose these arrays as a benchmark for modern 3-D computational electromagnetics (CEM) solvers. Our proposed benchmark is challenging because it exhibits resonances which, for judicious choices of the parameters, can be extremely narrow. We present exploratory simulations of our proposed benchmark using COMSOL multiphysics and ANSYS HFSS and give detailed comparisons with previously published results.
Linked motion image‐based dynamic hand gesture recognition

The researchers have paid significant attention to dynamic images for hand gesture recognition. Dynamic images are gesture representation patterns that simultaneously capture spatial, temporal, and structural information from the video. Existing techniques to generate dynamic images provide low discriminability for the gestures, which follow the same trajectory, but in opposite directions, such as “swiping hand right” versus “swiping hand left. ” Also, limited to similar gestures such as “Snap fingers” versus “Dual fingers heart. ” To address these issues, we have proposed an algorithm to convert a depth video into a single dynamic image known as a linked motion image (LMI). We give the LMI to a classifier consisting of an ensemble of three modified pretrained convolutional neural networks. We conduct the experiments using a multimodal large‐scale EgoGesture dataset and The MSR Gesture 3D dataset. For the EgoGesture dataset, the proposed method achieved an accuracy of 92.91%, which is better than the state‐of‐the‐art methods. For the MSR Gesture 3D dataset, the proposed method accuracy is 100%, which outperforms the state‐of‐the‐art methods. This work also highlights the recognition accuracy and precision of each gesture. The experiments demonstrate the work's economic efficiency using a web‐based data science environment called Kaggle rather than high‐end systems like GPU.