Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Structural reconstruction of hexagonal to cubic ZnO films on Pt/Ti/SiO2/Si substrate by annealing

It is well known that ZnO generally has the wurtzite structure. We report the growth of both hexagonal and cubic ZnO on Pt(111)/Ti/SiO2/Si substrate by a solution deposition. The wurtzite structure of ZnO film is enhanced up to the annealing temperature of 600 °C, and disappeared for annealing temperatures above 700 °C. The Pt(111)/Ti/SiO2/Si substrate is reoriented to hexagonal-Pt3Ti(004)/Ti/SiO2/Si when annealed at 700 °C and above due to the Ti out-diffusion and the ZnO thin film grown on the substrate has a cubic structure. The diffusion of Ti was evidenced by Auger electron spectroscopy measurements. From the photoluminescence measurement, the band gap of the wurtzite structure of ZnO film grown by the annealing below 600 °C was 3.37 eV, as is already known, but the cubic ZnO had a band gap of 3.28 eV, which suggests a zinc blende structure. The stability of the zinc blende structure on Zn2TiO4 layer was checked by the calculation of the lattice mismatch using the extended atomic distance mismatch mo.
Platelet concentrates in periodontics: review of in vivo studies and systematic reviews

Clot formation is the first step of the healing process, and clinical procedures always find ways to stabilize this clot better. Platelets play a significant role in clot formation, and Platelet Concentrates (Pc) are an abundant reservoir of platelets. This article aims to review the in vitro research and systematic reviews on PCs that are currently available. Broadly, PCs mainly include Platelet-rich plasma and platelet-rich fibrin. PCs are an excellent source for growth factors such as PDGF-AA, TGF β1, VEGF, EGF, and IGF. Numerous systematic reviews and meta-analyses have analyzed the clinical application of PCs in various periodontal procedures. In alveolar ridge preservation, PCs are known to reduce postoperative pain, edema, trismus, and inflammation. PRF had shown significant improvement in achieving root coverage and recession depth reduction. PCs exhibited a positive influence on CAL gain when used as an adjunct to OFD in treating infra-bony defects. Pcs have a positive effect on bone maturation in the short term. Besides, PCs can be used in regenerative endodontics, treatment of medication-related osteoradionecrosis of Jaw (MRONJ), and accelerating tooth movement. In conclusion, PCs positively affect soft tissue healing, while their role in hard tissue healing is still unclear.
Helium implantation into 4H‐SiC

The paper provides the properties of single crystalline 4H‐SiC under helium implantation at temperatures of implantation up to 750 °C and fluences in the range 5 × 1015–1 × 1017 cm−2. The microstructure evolution was studied by transmission electron microscopy cross‐section and X‐ray diffraction experiments. The mechanical property changes were investigated by using nanoindentation tests followed by atomic force microscopy observations and by using tribological tests. At elevated temperature of implantation and/or in the low fluence regime at room temperature where only the strained state of SiC is obtained, SiC becomes more resistant to crack formation but no significant change in mechanical properties is seen. At room temperature with increasing fluence the damage accumulation leads to the amorphous state for which a strong degradation of the mechanical properties is observed. At elevated temperature of implantation, amorphization is avoided and a thermally activated saturation of the strain is observed in the near surface region whereas defect accumulation occurs near the maximum of damage. Upon annealing subsequent to room temperature implantation, the near surface strain progressively relaxes while the helium ions agglomerate into platelets around the maximum of strain. These platelets evolve into bubble clusters at temperatures where the vacancies become mobile. Under particular conditions of implantation (high fluence and elevated temperature) the swelling of the surface increases during annealing due to the growth of bubbles and the formation of stacking faults resulting from the migration of interstitials towards the maximum of damage.
Spin-2 field theory in curved spacetime in the Fierz representation

We present a new formulation to deal with the consistency problem of both massive and massless spin-2 fields in a curved spacetime. Using Fierz variables to represent the spin-2 field, we show how to avoid the arbitrariness and inconsistency that exist in the standard formulation of a spin-2 field coupled to gravity. The superiority of the Fierz frame appears explicitly in the combined set of equations for spin-2 field and gravity: it preserves the standard Einstein equations of motion, whilst maintaining the correct degrees of freedom for the spin-2 field.
Impacts of Frequent Assimilation of Surface Pressure Observations on Atmospheric Analyses

AbstractTo investigate the impacts of frequently assimilating only surface pressure (PS) observations, the Data Assimilation Research Testbed and the Community Atmosphere Model (DART/CAM) are used for observing system simulation experiments with the ensemble Kalman filter. An empirical localization function (ELF) is used to effectively spread the information from PS in the vertical. The ELF minimizes the root-mean-square difference between the truth and the posterior ensemble mean for state variables. The temporal frequency of the observations is increased from 6 to 3 h, and then 1 h. By observing only PS, the uncertainty throughout the entire depth of the troposphere can be constrained. The analysis error over the entire depth of the troposphere, especially the middle troposphere, is reduced with increased assimilation frequency. The ELF is similar to the vertical localization function used in the Twentieth-Century Reanalysis (20CR); thus, it demonstrates that the current vertical localization in the 20C.
On Skew Quasi-Baer Rings

A ring R with an automorphism α and an α-derivation δ is called (α,δ)-quasi-Baer (resp., quasi-Baer) if the right annihilator of every (α,δ)-ideal (resp. ideal) of R is generated by an idempotent, as a right ideal. We show the left-right symmetry of (α, δ)-quasi Baer condition and prove that a ring R is (α, δ)-quasi Baer if and only if R[x; α, δ] is α-quasi Baer if and only if R[x; α, δ] is -quasi Baer for every extended derivation of δ. When R is a ring with IFP, then R is (α, δ)-Baer if and only if R[x; α, δ] is α-Baer if and only if R[x; α, δ] is -Baer for every extended α-derivation on R[x; α, δ] of δ. A rich source of examples for (α, δ)-quasi Baer rings is provided.
The semiclassical and quantum-classical approaches to elementary surface processes: dissociative chemisorption and atom recombination on surfaces

In recent decades, theoretical techniques known in gas-phase scattering theory and quantum chemistry have been extended and applied to the interactions of atoms/molecules with surfaces. As a consequence, due also to the accessibility of powerful computational resources, great progress has been made in the atomistic simulation of molecular surface processes. The complexity of the effects and phenomena that have to be taken into account remains, however, high and is generally not fully tractable even for elementary surface processes. Consequently, the dynamics of heterogeneous systems is treated with different collisional schemes to different degrees of accuracy. In particular, within the semiclassical collisional approach, some of the most important features of the molecule–surface interactions can be treated quite accurately, including the energy-exchange mechanisms between the adsorbate and the substrate.
Ion beam generation in a diode with a ferroelectric anode

In this article experimental results of the application of a ferroelectric anode for the generation of ion beams are presented. The ferroelectric anode was made of a solid solution of Sr, Ba, Ti, Nb, Pb, and O. Its front side was covered by a grounded Cu strip electrode. The ion beam generation was studied in a planar diode powered by a high-voltage generator with accelerating voltage ⩽300 kV and pulse duration ⩽400 ns. The source of the ion beam was found to be the plasma which was formed on the front anode surface. This plasma was formed by a driving pulse with an amplitude ⩽18 kV and pulse duration of ∼400 ns which was applied to the rear Cu disk electrode prior to the application of the accelerating pulse. The generation of ion beams with current amplitude up to 150 A was demonstrated in the plasma prefilled mode of the diode operation. It was found that the generated ion beam consists of light (H+,C+,O+) and heavy (Ti+,Cu+,Sr+) ions. In addition, it was shown that the application of a reflex triode s.
The Abundancy Ratio, a Measure of Perfection

Acknowledgment. I am indebted to Hessel Pot from Woerden in the Netherlands who in a personal communication to me in 1997 pointed out the additional properties to Theorems 1 and 2, as well as Theorem 3. Thanks also to Chris Fisher, University of Regina, Canada, whose technique m1d own generalization of Van Aubel's theorem (first communicated to me via e-mail in 1998) in combination with Theorem 3, led to Theorems 4 and 5.
Analytical determination of propagation paths near gyroharmonics

The propagation of waves in a hot magnetoplasma near gyroharmonics is studied by means of analytical ray tracing. To get the parametric equations of the paths a dispersion relation is first obtained through the electrostatic hypothesis and some mathematical approximations. For this case, it is shown that, except near reflection, waves transmitted from an ionospheric sounder travel almost along the static magnetic field and that the gradient of the magnetic field may be responsible for their reflection back to the spacecraft antenna. In certain cases two distinct trajectories can simultaneously intersect the receiving antenna thus giving rise to beats which are sometimes observed experimentally. The theoretical formulas are applied to a 3fH resonance.
Acoustic characteristics of unidirectionally fiber-reinforced polyurethane foam composites for musical instrument soundboards

Unidirectionally fiber-reinforced composites for the soundboard of musical instruments were made using glass fiber or carbon fiber and light-weighted hard polyurethane foam. The vibrational properties and frequency response characteristic of the composites were investigated by changing fibers, volume fraction of fibers and fiber distribution, and the results obtained were compared with those of Sitka spruce for soundboard. The composites, which had 5 to 6 volume percent of carbon fiber filaments distributed uniformly, exhibited almost the same acoustic property as Sitka spruce for soundboard. The results indicated that the acoustic characteristic of wood for soundboard in all audible frequency range could be mostly represented using a simple wood model composed of unidirectionally oriented fibers and porous matrix foam.
Elastic Waves in Composite Media and Structures: With Applications to Ultrasonic Nondestructive Evaluation

This article reviews Elastic Waves in Composite Media and Structures: With Applications to Ultrasonic Nondestructive Evaluation by Subhendu K. Datta, Arvind H. Shah , 2009, 318 pp. Price: $149.95 (hardcover) ISBN: 978-1-4200-5338-8.
Characteristics and contributing factors of adverse drug reactions: an analytical study of patients with tuberculosis receiving treatment under the National TB Program of India

Background Tuberculosis (TB) continues to pose a serious threat to the public health system in India. Although the National Tuberculosis Elimination Program (NTEP) is providing a wide range of interventions from early diagnosis to complete treatment to reduce morbidity and mortality from TB, adverse drug reactions (ADR) remain a challenge in treatment adherence and completion. Methods An observational cross-sectional study was conducted in selected districts of Gujarat state. A total of 593 reported TB patients were recruited with an adjusted unified distribution based on the type of cases, site of diseases, and service facility through a simple random sampling method. A semi-structured questionnaire tool was used to collect socio-demographic, clinical, and ADR-related data from the TB patients. Data was analyzed for the frequency, percentage, chi-squared, and adjusted odds ratio to find the association between the variables. Results The majority of the study participants were male (87.2%), aged 15 to 60 (57.8%), daily laborers (22.4%), and married (64.2%). Over 75% of individuals had pulmonary TB, with 87% having experienced their first episode, 83% being new cases, and 44.7% having a history of addiction. ADR with mild symptoms was reported by more than a quarter (29%) of TB patients during the intensive phase (77%). The association between ADR experience and drug susceptibility was significant (p<0.005) and drug-resistant TB patients experience two times more ADRs than drug-sensitive TB patients (OR 2.04). Binomial logistic regression was carried out to describe the association between various variables and occurrence of ADRs. Conclusion The study highlighted a need to enhance health care providers’ capacity and program structure for managing ADRs among TB patients. In order to completely eliminate TB across the country, it also emphasized the attention for a holistic and all-encompassing strategy for managing TB patients at the field level.
Optimal rotary control of the cylinder wake in the laminar regime

In this paper we develop the Optimal Control Approach to the rotary control of the cylinder wake. We minimize the functional which represents the sum of the work needed to resist the drag force and the work needed to control the flow, where the rotation rate φ(t) is the control variable. Sensitivity of the functional to control is determined using the adjoint equations. We solve them in the “vorticity” form, which is a novel approach and leads to computational advantages. Simulations performed at Re=75 and Re=150 reveal systematic decrease of the total power and drag achieved using a very small amount of control effort. We investigate the effect of the optimization horizon on the performance of the algorithm and the correlation of the optimal controls with the changes of the flow pattern. The algorithm was also applied to the control of the subcritical flow at Re=40, however, no drag reduction was achieved in this case. Based on this, limits of the performance of the algorithm are discussed.
Sleep and Anabolic/Catabolic Hormonal Profile in Sedentary Middle-Aged Adults: The FIT-AGEING Study

Sleep quality plays an important role in the modulation of several aging markers. This influence could be explained by aging-induced hormonal changes. Indeed, poor sleep quality has been associated with the development of several endocrine-related health complications. This study examined the relationship of both subjective and objective sleep quantity and quality, with basal levels of selected plasma anabolic and catabolic hormones in sedentary middle-aged adults. A total of 74 volunteers (52.7% women; aged 53.7 ± 5.1) were recruited for this study. Subjective sleep quality was assessed by the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI; higher scores indicate worse sleep quality), and objective sleep quality parameters (total sleep time [TST], wake after sleep onset [WASO], and sleep efficiency [SE]) were measured using a wrist-worn accelerometer. Basal levels of plasma dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate (DHEAS), total testosterone, sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG), somatotropin, and cortisol levels, were determined. Free testosterone was calculated from the total testosterone and SHBG levels. No associations of global PSQI score, TST, WASO, and SE with DHEAS, free testosterone, and somatotropin plasma levels were found, neither in men nor in women (all p ≥ 0.05). Global PSQI score was inversely related to cortisol plasma levels in women (p = 0.043). WASO was positively associated with cortisol plasma levels, while SE was negatively associated with cortisol plasma levels in women (all p ≤ 0.027). Sleep quality is not related to levels of plasma anabolic hormones, but to levels of catabolic hormones, in sedentary middle-aged adults. Therefore, these results suggest that potential changes in aging biomarkers associated with sleep disturbances, could be mediated by age-related changes in the catabolic endocrine system.
The Development Lengths of Laminar Pipe and Channel Flows

The authors’ research work into fully developed pulsating and oscillating laminar pipe and channel flows raised questions regarding the development length of the corresponding steady flow. For this development length, i.e., the distance from the entrance of the pipe to the axial position where the flow reaches the parabolic velocity profile of the Hagen-Poiseuille flow, a wide range of contradictory data exists. This is shown through a short review of the existing literature. Superimposed diffusion and convection, together with order of magnitude considerations, suggest that the normalized development length can be expressed as L∕D=C0+C1Re and for Re→0 one obtains C0=0.619, whereas for Re→∞ one obtains C1=0.0567. This relationship is given only once in the literature and it is presumed to be valid for all Reynolds numbers. Numerical studies show that it is only valid for Re→0 and Re→∞. The development length of laminar, plane channel flow was also investigated. The authors obtained similar results to those for the pipe flow: L∕D=C0′+C1′; Re, where C0′=0.631 and C1′=0.044. Finally, correlations are given to express L∕D analytically for the entire Re range for both laminar pipe and channel flows.
Impact of FLT3–ITD Mutation Status and Its Ratio in a Cohort of 2901 Patients Undergoing Upfront Intensive Chemotherapy: A PETHEMA Registry Study

Simple Summary The prognostic impact of FLT3–ITD allele ratio (AR) is a matter of controversy. We analyzed 2901 AML patients with long-term follow-up treated with PETHEMA protocols in the pre-FLT3 inhibitors era, with 579 of them harboring the FLT3–ITD mutation. We found that FLT3–ITD AR > 0.5 was associated with lower complete remission and rate and overall survival, while AR > 0.8 was associated with lower RFS. An AR of 0.44 was the best cutoff for OS and 0.8 for RFS. Overall, allo- and auto-hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) in first CR offered similar OS in patients with AR < 0.44, while allo-HSCT improved OS for those with higher AR. However, allo-HSCT resulted in better OS and RFS as compared to auto-HSCT in NPM1/FLT3–ITD-mutated AML regardless of pre-established AR cutoff (≤0.5 vs. >0.5), supporting the use of other risk stratification tools, such as NPM1 MRD monitoring, in this setting. Abstract FLT3–ITD results in a poor prognosis in terms of overall survival (OS) and relapse-free survival (RFS) in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). However, the prognostic usefulness of the allelic ratio (AR) to select post-remission therapy remains controversial. Our study focuses on the prognostic impact of FLT3–ITD and its ratio in a series of 2901 adult patients treated intensively in the pre-FLT3 inhibitor era and reported in the PETHEMA registry. A total of 579 of these patients (20%) harbored FLT3–ITD mutations. In multivariate analyses, patients with an FLT3–ITD allele ratio (AR) of >0.5 showed a lower complete remission (CR rate) and OS (HR 1.47, p = 0.009), while AR > 0.8 was associated with poorer RFS (HR 2.1; p < 0.001). Among NPM1/FLT3–ITD-mutated patients, median OS gradually decreased according to FLT3–ITD status and ratio (34.3 months FLT3–ITD-negative, 25.3 months up to 0.25, 14.5 months up to 0.5, and 10 months ≥ 0.5, p < 0.001). Post-remission allogeneic transplant (allo-HSCT) resulted in better OS and RFS as compared to auto-HSCT in NPM1/FLT3–ITD-mutated AML regardless of pre-established AR cutoff (≤0.5 vs. >0.5). Using the maximally selected log-rank statistics, we established an optimal cutoff of FLT3–ITD AR of 0.44 for OS, and 0.8 for RFS. We analyzed the OS and RFS according to FLT3–ITD status in all patients, and we found that the group of FLT3–ITD-positive patients with AR < 0.44 had similar 5-year OS after allo-HSCT or auto-HSCT (52% and 41%, respectively, p = 0.86), but worse RFS after auto-HSCT (p = 0.01). Among patients with FLT3–ITD AR > 0.44, allo-HSCT was superior to auto-HSCT in terms of OS and RFS. This study provides more evidence for a better characterization of patients with AML harboring FLT3–ITD mutations.
Development and Validation of a Computer‐Administered Number Sense Scale for Fifth‐Grade Children in Taiwan

To investigate the structure of number sense and then to assess its uses in fifth-grade children's number sense development, a computerized number sense scale was developed and evaluated. The findings of the study indicate that the newly developed scale, with four dominant factors identified and reconfirmed, is internally consistent and substantially valid. It can be reliably used as a screening measure for a quick check of students' number sense development via online self-assessment. Compared with our previous study, both qualitative and quantitative changes were detected in students' number sense development at different grades. The qualitative change in number sense development is manifested in different numbers of factor components produced at different grades. The quantitative change is manifested in different amounts of factor variance explained at different grades. Furthermore, among the four aspects of number sense, Taiwanese students perform best on recognizing the relative number size yet relatively worse on judging the reasonableness of computational results.
Evaluation of WRF Model Resolution on Simulated Mesoscale Winds and Surface Fluxes near Greenland

AbstractSouthern Greenland has short-lived but frequently occurring strong mesoscale barrier winds and tip jets that form when synoptic-scale atmospheric features interact with the topography of Greenland. The influence of these mesoscale atmospheric events on the ocean, particularly deep ocean convection, is not yet well understood. Because obtaining observations is difficult in this region, model simulations are essential for understanding the interaction between the atmosphere and ocean during these wind events. This paper presents results from the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model simulations run at four different resolutions (100, 50, 25, and 10 km) and forced with the ECMWF Re-Analysis Interim (ERA-Interim) product. Case study comparisons between WRF output at different resolutions, observations from the Greenland Flow Distortion Experiment (GFDex), which provides valuable in situ observations of mesoscale winds, and Quick Scatterometer (QuikSCAT) satellite data highlight the importance o.
Simulation and the Asymptotics of Optimization Estimators

A general central limit theorem is proved for estimators defined by minimization of the length of a vector-valued, random criterion function. No smoothness assumptions are imposed on the criterion function in order that the results might apply to a broad class of simulation estimators. Complete analyses of two simulation estimators, one introduced by A. Pakes (1986) and the other by D. McFadden (1989), illustrate the application of the general theorems. These examples illustrate how simulation can be used to circumvent two computational problems that arise frequently in applied econometrics: evaluating intractable aggregation formulae and evaluating discrete response probabilities. Copyright 1989 by The Econometric Society.