Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Foreign Oligochaete Species Quistadrilus multisetosus (Smith, 1900) in Lake Geneva: Morphological and Molecular Characterization and Environmental Influences on Its Distribution

Simple Summary The presence of the oligochaete species Quistadrilus multisetosus (Smith, 1900), originating from North America, has been mentioned in Europe for some decades and was recently found in Swiss lakes. Here, we report its repartition and abundance in Lake Geneva based on morphological and eDNA surveys and study its ecology and invasive potential in this lake. We also provide an identification key of this species and two closely related species and describe the phylogenetic position of Q. multisetosus within several Tubificinae lineages based on the cytochrome c oxidase marker. Our results showed that this species was restricted to an area close to the outlet of a wastewater treatment plant and to a combined sewer overflow, was highly tolerant to organic matter pollution and had a limited capacity to disseminate in this lake. Even if the trophic status (oligo-mesotrophic) of Lake Geneva seems unfavorable for the development of this species, we recommend continuing monitoring its presence in this lake in the future, as the current warming of waters could contribute to its expansion. Abstract The presence of the oligochaete species Quistadrilus multisetosus (Smith, 1900) originating from North America has been mentioned for several decades in Europe, the Middle East and Russia. Its distribution and abundance in Europe is still unknown but it can be considered as potentially invasive. This species was recently discovered in Lake Geneva (Switzerland/France) and three other Swiss lakes. The aims of the present work are to report its repartition and abundance in Lake Geneva, to study its ecology and to determine its invasive potential in this lake. We also provide an identification key for correctly differentiating Q. multisetosus from the closely related species Spirosperma ferox Eisen, 1879 and Embolocephalus velutinus (Grube, 1879), and study the phylogenetic position of Q. multisetosus within several Tubificinae lineages based on the cytochrome c oxidase (COI) marker. Twenty-eight sites have been monitored since 2009 in Lake Geneva. In several sites, the COI sequence corresponding to this species was also searched for in sediment samples using high-throughput sequencing. In addition, we examined specimens collected in this lake before 2009 likely to belong to Q. multisetosus and to have been misidentified. We found that Q. multisetosus was only present in the lake downstream of a wastewater treatment plant and a combined sewer overflow in the Vidy Bay (near Lausanne) and at a site located nearby. These results confirmed the high tolerance of this species to organic matter pollution. Q. multisetosus was already present in this location in 1974 (misidentified as Spirosperma ferox), which suggests that Q. multisetosus has a limited capacity to disseminate in this lake. However, we recommend continuing monitoring its presence in Lake Geneva in the future, especially in the context of warming of waters that could contribute to the expansion of this species.
Synthesis of Hydroxylated Biphenyl Derivatives Bearing an α,β‐Unsaturated Ketone as a Lead Structure for the Development of Drug Candidates against Malignant Melanoma

A small collection of C2‐symmetric hydroxylated biphenyl derivatives featuring an α,β‐unsaturated ketone as a lead structure was prepared, and the capacity of these compounds to act as antiproliferative agents against four human malignant melanoma cell lines was assayed. The prodrug approach was applied in order to improve the delivery of compounds into the cell by modulation of the phenolic hydroxy protecting group. The hydroxylated biphenyl structure bearing an α,β‐unsaturated ketone and a phenolic‐O‐prenylated chain was found to facilitate the delivery of the molecule and interactions with biological targets. Four compounds showed antiproliferative activity resulting in IC50 values in the range of 1.2 to 2.8 μM.
Surface Albedo in High Latitude Surface Temperatures

19 Arctic vegetation is known to influence Arctic surface temperatures through albedo. How20 ever, it is less clear how plant evaporative resistance and albedo independently influence 21 surface climate at high latitudes. We use surface properties derived from two common 22 Arctic tree types to simulate the climate response to a change in land surface albedo and 23 evaporative resistance in factorial combinations. We find that lower evaporative resis24 tances lead to an increase of low clouds. The reflection of light due to the difference in 25 albedos between vegetation types is similar to the loss of incident sunlight due to increased 26 cloud cover resulting from lower evaporative resistance from vegetation change. Our re27 sults demonstrate that realistic changes in evaporative resistance can have an equal im28 pact on surface temperature to changes in albedo, and that cloud feedbacks play a first 29 order role in determining the surface climate response to changes in Arctic land cover. 30 Plain Language Summary 31 In the Arctic, darker land surfaces lead to warmer temperatures because they absorb more 32 sunlight. However, there are multiple types of plants that grow in the Arctic, which dif33 fer not only in how dark they are but also how easily they release water. We investigate 34 how different Arctic plants’ absorption of sunlight and ability to release water to the at35 mosphere can affect temperature over Arctic land using an Earth System Model. We find 36 that dark trees are capable of absorbing a greater fraction of the incoming sunlight than 37 their brighter counterparts, which tends to warm the surface. In comparison, when the 38 land surface has a harder time releasing water into the atmosphere, a smaller fraction 39 of energy at the land surface is used to evaporate water. This warms the air above the 40 surface, which leads to evaporation of cloud droplets and less cloud cover. As a result, 41 more sunlight is able to reach the surface, and land surface temperatures are warmer even 42 when the surface is relatively bright. In combination, we find that the darkness of the 43 surface and the plants’ ability to release water have an equal influence on surface tem44 peratures over land in the Arctic. 45
Blocking Grain Boundaries in Yttria‐Doped and Undoped Ceria Ceramics of High Purity

CeO 2 samples doped with 10, 1.0, and 0.1 mol% Y 2 O 3 and undoped CeO 2 samples of high purity were studied by impedance spectroscopy at temperatures <800°C and under various oxygen partial pressures. According to microstructural investigations by SEM and analytical STEM (equipped with EDXS), the grain boundaries were free of any second phase, providing direct grain-to-grain contacts. An amorphous siliceous phase was detected at only a few triple junctions, if at all; as a result, its contribution to the grain-boundary resistance was negligible. Nevertheless, the specific grain-boundary conductivities were still 2-7 orders of magnitude lower than the bulk conductivities, depending on dopant concentration, temperature, and oxygen partial pressure. The charge carrier transport across the grain boundaries occurred only through the grain-to-grain contacts, whose properties were then determined by the space-charge layer. The space-charge potential in acceptor-doped CeO 2 was positive, causing the simultaneous depletion of oxygen vacancies and accumulation of electrons in the space-charge layer. The very low grain-boundary conductivities can be accounted for by the oxygen-vacancy depletion; the accumulation of electrons became evident in weakly doped and undoped CeO 2 at high temperatures and under low oxygen partial pressures.
Histomorphologal and histochemical structure in the duodenum of sheep (Ovis aries) and rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) - a comparative study

This study aimed to compare the histomorphometric and histochemical features of the duodenum twenty sheep (n=10) and rabbit (n=10) adult males. The samples were collected from slaughterhouse and markets of Misan and were used for histological studies of two types of stains, hematoxylin and eosin, and special stains (Periodic acid Schiff stains). In histological approach, in both animals, the wall of the duodenum consists of four layers (mucosa, submucosa, muscularis and serosa). In both animals, the mucosa of the duodenum lined by simple columnar epithelium and has number of villi compose of absorptive (enterocytes) and goblet cells only in duodenum, the submucosa occupied by Brunner’s glands. Brunner’s glands are varying in secretory unit acinai in rabbit serous and mucous acini while in sheep the mucus acini. There is significant difference in thickness of layers between sheep and rabbits. Mucosa, sub mucosa and muscularis layers in sheep showed more thickness than in rabbits, but there is nonsignificant (P>0.05) differences between the thickness of the serosa in sheep and rabbit in the duodenum. On the other hand, the columnar cells showed a weakly reaction with Periodic acid Schiff stain (PAS), but goblet cells in sheep and rabbits shown strong reaction with PAS. While the Brunner’s glands were strong reaction with PAS in sheep and weakly reaction with PAS in rabbit. In conclusion, this study showed that sheep and rabbits have similarities and differences in the duodenum; that is, the layers of this organ has different thicknesses and respond differently to periodic acid Schiff stain.
PHMT_A_210042 369..378

*These authors contributed equally to this work Background and Objectives: There is a likelihood of a possible relationship between the concentrations of copper, lead, and mercury and autism. The present review was carried out to determine the relationship between the concentrations of these elements and autism by meta-analysis. Methods: In this study, searching Scopus, PubMed, and Science Direct databases, 18 articles conducted in different countries from 1982 to 2019 were collected. Studies’ heterogeneity was investigated using the I index. The data were analyzed using R and STATA software. Results: In these 18 studies, 1797 patients (981 cases and 816 controls) aged 2 to 16 years were examined. Concentration of the samples (blood, hair, and nails) for both case and control groups was evaluated. There was no significant relationship between copper concentration and autism (SMD (95% CI): 0.02 (−1.16,1.20); I=97.7%; P=0.972); there was a significant relationship between mercury concentration and autism (SMD (95% CI): 1.96 (0.56,3.35); I=98.6%; P=0.006); there was also a significant relationship between lead concentration and autism (SMD (95% CI): 2.81 (1.64,3.98); I=97.8%; P=0.000). Conclusion: There is, nevertheless, a significant relationship between mercury concentration and autism. Thus, the concentration of mercury can be listed as a pathogenic cause (disease-causing) for autism.
PROXIMATE AND FIBER FRACTION COMPOSITIONS OF WHEAT-CASHEW APPLE

Dietary fibre has been recognized in the preparation of food with high nutritional quality in maintaining human overall physical well-being.Cashew apples were washed, cut into pieces before juice extraction. The cashew apples o o residues were conditioned in water at ratio 1:2, pH 4.5 at 35 C for 15minutes, oven dried at 55 C and milled to obtain flour. Six composite flours were made from wheat flour supplemented with cashew apple flour at different proportions of 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30% and wheat flour as control. The inclusion of cashew apples showed gradual increase in moisture (11.13-12.58%), fat (1.48-2.11%) and fiber (0.99-3.85%) with concomitant decrease in ash (2.49-1.95%), protein (11.15-10.11%), and carbohydrate (72.76-69.30%). The neutral detergent soluble (NDS) ranged from 53.6774. 67% while control flour was higher in NDS (78.67%) and hemicellulose (16.57%). The range of values obtained for neutral detergent fibre and acid detergent fibre were: 21.27%-32.20% and 8.97%-21.33% respectively. Most of the fiber fractions were significantly different (p<0.05) at different levels of inclusion of cashew apple flour. This study recommended wheat and cashew apple flour blends as rich sources of digestible fibres when compared with control as an advantage to consumers.
Relationship between Long-Term Residential Green Exposure and Individuals’ Mental Health: Moderated by Income Differences and Residential Location in Urban China

Environmental health effects during urbanization have attracted much attention. However, knowledge is lacking on the relationship between long-term cumulative residential environment and health effects on individuals during rapid transformations in urban physical and social space. Taking Guangzhou, China, as a case example, this study analyzed the relationship between long-term exposure to green environments and residents’ mental health under urban spatial restructuring. Based on a household survey in 2016, 820 residents who have lived in Guangzhou for more than 15 years were used as the sample. High-resolution remote sensing images were used to assess the long-term green exposure of residents. The results indicate that long-term green exposure in residential areas had a negative correlation with residents’ mental health (p < 0.05), and the correlation was strongest for the cumulative green environment in the last five years. However, this significant effect was moderated by income and residential location. Green exposure had a positive relationship with mental health for low income groups, and a negative relationship for middle and high income groups. In addition, residents living farther away from the city center were likely to have fewer green environmental health benefits. Residential relocation in a rapidly urbanizing and transforming China has led to the continuous differentiation of residential green environments among different income groups, which has also caused different mental health effects from green exposure. It provides empirical evidence and theoretical support for policymakers to improve the urban environment and reduce environmental health disparities by considering social differences and residential location.
Incidence of various disease conditions in kadaknath birds and their correlation with mortality rate

The present study was designed at the poultry farm of Veterinary College Mhow (M.P.), to know thepathomorphology and incidence of different affections in kadaknath birds. Total of 1787 birds were examined in the duration of eleven months among them 361 birds found to be positive for various type of disease conditions. Annual mortality in diseased birds occurred because of coccidiosis (38.50%), colibacillosis (15.51%), heatstroke (13.01%), enteritis (12.46) and others reasons. Highest incidence of diseased conditions with respect to age was found in adult birds as 25.26% whereas lowest was in chicks with 11.20%. Including this the highest incidence of diseases with 23.37% was recorded in rainy season and lowest observed in winter season with the incidence rate of 15.92%.
The Development and Validation of Teen Beliefs on Relationship Abuse Measure (TBRAM)

The purpose of this study was to validate an original and innovative survey focused on both teens’ personal beliefs and how they perceived their peers’ beliefs regarding relationship abuse with four research questions: What are the measured constructs in this survey? Is the hypothesized factor structure of the five types of relationship abuse confirmed? Does the validity of constructs vary among racial/ethnic groups and genders? Are there differences between teens’ own beliefs on relationship abuse and their perceptions of peers’ beliefs? To address these questions, two confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) models were examined with 591 high school students’ responses. The first CFA model was created based on the exploratory factor analysis results and the second CFA model was created based on the theoretically hypothesized model of five types of relationship abuse. The results indicate that the 5-factor, 11-item model based on the theoretical hypothesis is the best fit to the data. The multiple group model analysis demonstrated that the identified CFA measurement model was invariant across different gender and racial/ethnic groups. The validated instrument of Teen Beliefs on Relationship Abuse Measure is a reliable and valid way to measure both teens’ personal beliefs and their perceptions of peers’ beliefs on five types of relationship abuse including emotional, physical, sexual, stalking, and digital abuses. With the validated model, t-test results indicate that teens’ own beliefs are significantly more positive than their perceptions of their peers’ beliefs for all the five factors. The measure is useful for researchers, educators, and parents to measure and understand teen perceptions of themselves and their peers on different types of relationship abuses to better support them develop healthy, respectful, and nonviolent relationships.
Oral Status in Pregnant Women from Post-Industrial Areas of Upper Silesia in Reference to Occurrence of: Preterm Labors, Low Birth Weight and Type of Labor

Increased levels of steroid hormones, action of local irritants and the lack of proper hygiene measures are of great importance in the development of dental caries, gingivitis and inflammation of the periodontal area in pregnant women. The aim of the study was to evaluate the state of oral hygiene and the periodontal area is such a population and assess the effectiveness of performed hygiene treatments and analyse changes in hygiene habits after oral hygiene instructions. The study was performed in two parts on a group of 50 pregnant women. The first part took place between the 14th and 17th week of pregnancy. The control study was conducted between the 27th and 30th week of pregnancy. Patients were subjected to a dental examination. Poor oral hygiene was observed among the examined patients. After the first examination, oral hygiene instruction was provided to 25 randomly selected pregnant patients. The effect of periodontal diseases on the time of labor was observed. Oral hygiene instructions significantly affected the state of the periodontal area of pregnant women for whom it was performed. It was confirmed that the advancement of pregnancy influences deterioration of the periodontium and also term of childbirth. Undoubtedly, pregnant women receive insufficient dental care. Priority should be given to dental care education of for pregnant women and alleviating the impact of oral diseases on the organism of a pregnant woman.
Role of probiotics for the treatment of peri-implant mucositis in patients with and without type-2 diabetes mellitus.

The hypothesis was that probiotic therapy (PT) does not offer additional benefits to mechanical debridement (MD) for treatment of diabetic subjects with peri-implant mucositis (PM). This study compared the influence of PT as an adjunct to MD for the treatment of PM in type2 diabetic and non-diabetic patients over a 12-month follow-up period. Patients with and without type-2 diabetes were encompassed. Based upon treatment-procedure, PM patients were categorized into 2 groups: (a) Non-surgical + PT; and (b) Group-2: Non-surgical MD alone. Demographics and education statuses were recorded. Gingival (GI) and plaque (PI) indices, crestal bone loss (CBL) and probing depth (PD were measured at baseline and after 6- and 12-months. Significant differences were detected with P<0.01. The HbA1c was significantly higher in diabetic patients at all time durations than patients without type-2 diabetes (P<0.001). Baseline GI, PI, PD and CBL) were comparable in all groups. In patients with type-2-diabetes, there was no difference in PI, GI, PD and CBL at 6- and 12-months' follow-up. In patients without type-2 diabetes, there was a significant reduction in PI (P<0.01), GI (P<0.01), and PD (P<0.01) at 6-months and 1-year follow-up than their values at baseline. In patients without type-2 diabetes, MD with or without adjunct PT reduces soft tissue inflammatory parameters in patients with PM.
Fluorinated Polyethylene Propylene Ferroelectrets with an Air-Filled Concentric Tunnel Structure: Preparation, Characterization, and Application in Energy Harvesting

Fluorinated polyethylene propylene (FEP) bipolar ferroelectret films with a specifically designed concentric tunnel structure were prepared by means of rigid-template based thermoplastic molding and contact polarization. The properties of the fabricated films, including the piezoelectric response, mechanical property, and thermal stability, were characterized, and two kinds of energy harvesters based on such ferroelectret films, working in 33- and 31-modes respectively, were investigated. The results show that the FEP films exhibit significant longitudinal and radial piezoelectric activities, as well as superior thermal stability. A quasi-static piezoelectric d33 coefficient of up to 5300 pC/N was achieved for the FEP films, and a radial piezoelectric sensitivity of 40,000 pC/N was obtained in a circular film sample with a diameter of 30 mm. Such films were thermally stable at 120 °C after a reduction of 35%. Two types of vibrational energy harvesters working in 33-mode and 31-mode were subsequently designed. The results show that a power output of up to 1 mW was achieved in an energy harvester working in 33-mode at a resonance frequency of 210 Hz, referring to a seismic mass of 33.4 g and an acceleration of 1 g (g is the gravity of the earth). For a device working in 31-mode, a power output of 15 μW was obtained at a relatively low resonance frequency of 26 Hz and a light seismic mass of 1.9 g. Therefore, such concentric tunnel FEP ferroelectric films provide flexible options for designing vibrational energy harvesters working either in 33-mode or 31-mode to adapt to application environments.
Mothers’ and fathers’ sleep: Is there a difference between first‐time and experienced parents of 6‐month‐olds?

Sleep disruption and deprivation are highly prevalent among parents of an infant. However, most postpartum sleep studies focus solely on mothers, and few studies have investigated whether sleep differs between first‐time and experienced parents. The present study aimed to determine whether self‐reported sleep duration and quality differ between first‐time and experienced mothers and fathers during the postpartum period. A total of 111 parents (54 couples and three single mothers) of 6‐month‐old infants completed a 2‐week sleep diary to evaluate measures of sleep duration, sleep continuity, and sleep quality. An analysis of covariance model was used to compare the sleep variables of first‐time to experienced parents. Breastfeeding frequency, infant sleep location, depression, education, and work status were used as co‐variables. First‐time mothers reported a longer consecutive nocturnal sleep duration (mean [SEM] 297.34 [17.15] versus 246.01 [14.79] min, p < .05), fewer nocturnal awakenings (mean [SEM] 1.57 [0.20] versus 2.12 [0.17], p < .05), and rated their sleep quality higher (mean [SEM] score 7.07 [0.36] versus 5.97 [0.30], p < .05) than experienced mothers, while total nocturnal sleep duration did not differ. There were no differences in subjective sleep measures between first‐time and experienced fathers. The present study indicates that experienced mothers reported more fragmented sleep and perceived having worse sleep quality than first‐time mothers, but that paternal sleep did not differ as a function of parental experience. These findings have clinical implications for healthcare professionals working with families of various configurations and sizes.