Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Steric Effect in Preparations of Vanadium(II)/(III) Dinitrogen Complexes of Triamidoamine Ligands Bearing Bulky Substituents

The reactions of newly designed lithiated triamidoamines Li3LR (R = iPr, Pen, and Cy2) with VCl3(THF)3 under N2 yielded dinitrogen–divanadium complexes with a μ-N2 between vanadium atoms [{V(LR)}2(μ-N2)] (R = iPr (1) and Pen (2)) for the former two, while not dinitrogen–divanadium complexes but a mononuclear vanadium complex with a vacant site, [V(LCy2)] (R = Cy2 (3)), were obtained for the third ligand. The V–NN2 and N–N distances were 1.7655(18) and 1.219(4) Å for 1 and 1.7935(14) and 1.226(3) Å for 2, respectively. The ν(14N–14N) stretching vibrations of 1 and 2, as measured using resonance Raman spectroscopy, were detected at 1436 and 1412 cm–1, respectively. Complex 3 reacted with potassium metal in the presence of 18-crown-6-ether under N2 to give a hetero-dinuclear vanadium complex with μ-N2 between vanadium and potassium, [VK(LCy2)(μ-N2)(18-crown-6)] (4). The N–N distance and ν(14N–14N) stretching for 4 were 1.152(3) Å and 1818 cm−1, respectively, suggesting that 4 is more activated than complexes 1 and 2. The complexes 1, 2, 3, and 4 reacted with HOTf and K[C10H8] to give NH3 and N2H4. The yields of NH3 and N2H4 (per V atom) were 47 and 11% for 1, 38 and 16% for 2, 77 and 7% for 3, and 80 and 5% for 4, respectively, and 3 and 4, which have a ligand LCy2, showed higher reactivity than 1 and 2.
A Simple Nonparametric Test for Independence

A stationary stochastic process is defined to be locally independent if it eventually becomes independent of pastrealizations. I develop a simple nonparametric test for this condition. Size and power comparisons favor this statistic over the one proposed by Brock, Dechert and Scheinkman (1987) in samples under 250 observations.
Community Policing in Schools and School Resource Officer Transparency

Following increased attention to racial disparities in police use of force, national conversations have focused on the role of law enforcement, including in public schools. This study examines transparency with regard to the presence of law enforcement in schools. Leveraging novel school-level and district-level data from the state of Florida, this research shows that the majority of schools and about a third of school districts do not make information on law enforcement presence in schools publicly available. Furthermore, the study finds that schools and districts serving more White student bodies have higher levels of transparency around law enforcement than those serving less-White demographics, an important finding given the racialized context of current policy discussions around policing in US schools and society more broadly. These findings inform ongoing debates about law enforcement in schools while also raising implications for policy and practice around the racialized nature of government transparency.
Resolution of Singularities of Vector Fields in Dimension Three

Let X be an analytic vector field defined in a real analytic manifold of dimension three. We prove that all the singularities of X can be made elementary by a finite number of blowing-ups in the ambient space. New version: Some misprints have been corrected and the text have been slightly reorganized. The final version appears in Acta Mathematica -Volume 197, Number 2, 167-289.
A Practical Application of Genomic Predictions for Mastitis Resistance in Italian Holstein Heifers

Simple Summary Selecting the best animals for farms has always been a fundamental aspect of animal breeding. To assist in the traditional selection performed on phenotypes and to further improve genetic selection as performed in recent years, genomic tools could be applied to select animals early in their productive careers. The aim of this study was to evaluate the application of a commercial genomic tool on animals selected from farms grouped by their average somatic cell count. The obtained results showed that farms with good animal management practices also rear animals with better genomic indexes, probably due to selection on other well-established indexes (e.g., productive traits). Selecting heifers based on their wellness genomic indexes would further improve both their economic value and their disease resistance and resilience. Abstract Heifers are a fundamental resource on farms, and their importance is reflected in both farm management and economy. Therefore, the selection of heifers to be reared on a farm should be carefully performed to select only the best animals. Genomic selection is available nowadays to evaluate animals in a fast and economic way. However, it is mainly used on the sire line and on performance traits. Ten farms were selected based on their 5-year records of average somatic cell count and evenly classified into high (>300,000 cells/mL) and low somatic cell count (<150,000 cells/mL). Genomic indexes (regarding both wellness and productive traits) were evaluated in 157 Italian Holstein heifers reared in the selected ten farms (90 from high-cells farms and 67 from low-cells ones). Linear mixed models were fitted to analyze the effects of the abovementioned genomic indexes on related phenotypes. Results have shown that farms classified into low somatic cell count had an overall better animal genomic pool compared to high somatic cell count ones. Additionally, the results shown in this study highlighted a difference in wellness genomic indexes in animals from farms with either a high or a low average somatic cell count. Applying genomic tools directly to heifer selection could improve economic aspects related to herd turnover.
Hymenolepis diminuta Infection in a Rural Child from North of Iran

We report a case of Hymenolepis diminuta infection in a two years old boy living in Guilan Province, northern Iran diagnosed in 2019. The patient was complained of anorexia, weight loss, weakness and disturbed sleep. Stool examination revealed numerous eggs of H. diminuta. After treatment with a single dose of oral praziquantel, the patient recovered without evidence of the egg shedding in follow-up stool samples. Moreover, we performed detailed phylogenetic analysis of the H. diminuta comparing with other isolates deposited in GenBank database based on Cox1 gene. Based on BLAST analysis of Cox1 gene our sequence showed 97.4–99.2% similarity with those of H. diminuta available in GenBank. The present study recommends the importance of reporting the infection cases, in order to improve knowledge on epidemiology and control of the neglected disease.
Effects of Needle Size and Sewing Thread on Seam Quality of Traditional Fabrics

The role of fabric properties in sewing performance and seam quality is essential, therefore, it is crucial to understand the effect of diferent parameters on traditional fabrics’ sewability properties. This study aimed to evaluate the seam quality of traditional fabrics produced from silk, cotton and linen fibres and their blends in terms of seam strength, seam efficiency and fabric sewability. The samples were sewn using two different sewing needle size (75 Nm and 90 Nm) and sewing thread (100% mercerised cotton and 100% polyester corespun). Based on the obtained results, it can be concluded that sewing thread and fabric type had significant effect on seam strength and seam efficiency. The samples sewn with polyester corespun sewing thread had higher seam strength than other. The sewing needle significantly affected the needle penetration force values and the silk fabric had lowest sewability values both in warp and weft direction.
Skeletal Muscle Mitochondrial and Perilipin Content in a Cohort of Obese Subjects Undergoing Moderate and High Intensity Training

Obesity is a complex condition characterized by abnormal and excessive fat accumulation, resulting in an increased risk for severe health problems. Skeletal muscles play a major role in movement and fat catabolism, but the insulin resistance that comes with obesity makes it difficult to fulfill these tasks. In this study, we analyse two types of training protocols, moderate intensity continuous training (MICT) versus high intensity interval training (HIIT), in a cohort of obese subjects to establish which muscle adaptations favour fat consumption in response to exercise. Mitochondria play a role in fat oxidation. We found protein upregulation of mitochondrial biomarkers, TOMM20 and Cox-4, in HIIT but not in MICT, without detecting any shifts in fibre composition phenotype of the vastus lateralis in both training groups. Interestingly, both MICT and HIIT protocols showed increased protein levels of perilipin PLIN2, which is involved in the delivery and consumption of fats. HIIT also augmented perilipin PLIN5. Perilipins are involved in fat storage in skeletal muscles and their upregulation, along with the analysis of circulatory lipid profiles reported in the present study, suggest important adaptations induced by the two types of training protocols that favour fat consumption and weight loss in obese subjects.
Radiomics Analysis of Lymph Nodes with Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma Based on Deep Learning

Purpose To assess the role of multiple radiomic features of lymph nodes in the preoperative prediction of lymph node metastasis (LNM) in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). Methods Three hundred eight patients with pathologically confirmed ESCC were retrospectively enrolled (training cohort, n = 216; test cohort, n = 92). We extracted 207 handcrafted radiomic features and 1000 deep radiomic features of lymph nodes from their computed tomography (CT) images. The t-test and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) were used to reduce the dimensions and select key features. Handcrafted radiomics, deep radiomics, and clinical features were combined to construct models. Models I (handcrafted radiomic features), II (Model I plus deep radiomic features), and III (Model II plus clinical features) were built using three machine learning methods: support vector machine (SVM), adaptive boosting (AdaBoost), and random forest (RF). The best model was compared with the results of two radiologists, and its performance was evaluated in terms of sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, area under the curve (AUC), and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. Results No significant differences were observed between cohorts. Ten handcrafted and 12 deep radiomic features were selected from the extracted features (p < 0.05). Model III could discriminate between patients with and without LNM better than the diagnostic results of the two radiologists. Conclusion The combination of handcrafted radiomic features, deep radiomic features, and clinical features could be used clinically to assess lymph node status in patients with ESCC.
Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms and Attitudes toward the China Eastern Airlines Plane Crash in Transportation Students

On 21 March 2022, a China Eastern Airlines plane with 132 people on board crashed and all people are presumed dead. This study aimed to explore mental health symptoms and attitudes toward the plane crash among flight and train attendant students and the general public. A cross-sectional online survey was conducted two weeks after the plane crash. Mental health symptoms, including posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS), depressive, anxiety, and insomnia symptoms were assessed. A total of 494 participants were included, of which 183 were flight (n = 140) and train (n = 43) attendant students (aged 17.3 ± 1.7 years, 80.9% were female), and 311 were sampled from the general population (aged 26.7 ± 7.8 years, 62.1% were female). The prevalence of depressive, anxiety, and insomnia symptoms, and PTSS was 51.9%, 40.4%, 25.1%, and 12.6% in the transportation students, and 45.3%, 36.0%, 17.4%, and 4.2% in the general public sample, respectively. The students reported more frequent insomnia symptoms and PTSS than the general public sample. In the student group, compared with those without PTSS, those with PTSS reported significantly higher rates of depressive, anxiety, and insomnia symptoms. Two weeks after a plane crash, mental health symptoms are common in the general public and transportation students, with the latter being more likely to have PTSS symptoms. Our findings suggest the importance to identify risk groups when developing interventions after indirect exposure to traumatic events.
Respiration-timing-dependent changes in activation of neural substrates during cognitive processes

Abstract We previously showed that cognitive performance declines when the retrieval process spans an expiratory-to-inspiratory (EI) phase transition (an onset of inspiration). To identify the neural underpinning of this phenomenon, we conducted functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) while participants performed a delayed matching-to-sample (DMTS) recognition memory task with a short delay. Respiration during the task was monitored using a nasal cannula. Behavioral data replicated the decline in memory performance specific to the EI transition during the retrieval process, while an extensive array of frontoparietal regions were activated during the encoding, delay, and retrieval processes of the task. Within these regions, when the retrieval process spanned the EI transition, activation was reduced in the anterior cluster of the right temporoparietal junction (TPJa, compared to cases when the retrieval process spanned the inspiratory-to-expiratory phase transition) and the left and right middle frontal gyrus, dorsomedial prefrontal cortex, and somatosensory areas (compared to cases when the retrieval process did not span any phase transition). These results in task-related activity may represent respiratory interference specifically in information manipulation rather than memory storage. Our findings demonstrate a cortical-level effect of respiratory phases on cognitive processes and highlight the importance of the timing of breathing for successful performance.
Field model with a dynamic cancellation of the cosmological constant

A solution of the problem of the cosmological constant . lambda. is proposed. This solution is based on the introduction into the theory of a massless vector field, with a nonpositively determined energy density, which interacts with only the gravitation. The scalar condensate formed due to the divergence of this field cancels out . lambda. and gives rise to a power-law expansion regime.
Effectiveness and Optimal Duration of Adjunctive Rifampin Treatment in the Management of Staphylococcus aureus Prosthetic Joint Infections After Debridement, Antibiotics, and Implant Retention

Abstract Background Rifampin is recommended as adjunctive therapy for patients with a Staphylococcus aureus prosthetic joint infection (PJI) managed with debridement, antibiotics, and implant retention (DAIR), with no solid consensus on the optimal duration of therapy. Our study assessed the effectiveness and optimal duration of rifampin for S aureus PJI using Veterans Health Administration (VHA) data. Methods We conducted a retrospective cohort study of patients with S aureus PJI managed with DAIR between 2003 and 2019 in VHA hospitals. Patients who died within 14 days after DAIR were excluded. The primary outcome was a time to microbiological recurrence from 15 days up to 2 years after DAIR. Rifampin use was analyzed as a time-varying exposure, and time-dependent hazard ratios (HRs) for recurrence were calculated according to the duration of rifampin treatment. Results Among 4624 patients, 842 (18.2%) received at least 1 dose of rifampin; 1785 (38.6%) experienced recurrence within 2 years. Rifampin treatment was associated with significantly lower HRs for recurrence during the first 90 days of treatment (HR, 0.60 [95% confidence interval {CI}, .45–.79]) and between days 91 and 180 (HR, 0.16 [95% CI, .04–.66]) but no statistically significant protective effect was observed with longer than 180 days (HR, 0.57 [95% CI, .18–1.81]). The benefit of rifampin was observed for subgroups including knee PJI, methicillin-susceptible or -resistant S aureus infection, and early or late PJI. Conclusions This study supports current guidelines that recommend adjunctive rifampin use for up to 6 months among patients with S aureus PJI treated with DAIR.
The 2021 Mw6.7 Lake Hovsgol (Mongolia) Earthquake: Irregular Normal Faulting with Slip Partitioning Controlled by an Adjacent Strike-Slip Fault

In transtensional regions, structures striking obliquely to the extension direction generally exhibit oblique or partitioned slips. However, their on-fault partitioning patterns and controlling factors are less known, hindering our understanding of the evolution of the rifting process. Here, we study the slip distribution of the 2021 Mw6.7 Lake Hovsgol (Mongolia) earthquake occurred in a pull-apart basin using InSAR observations. Our preferred slip model shows a remarkable feature, with three zones exhibiting distinct slip directions at different depths. The Coulomb stress change analysis reveals that this pattern is likely controlled by the left-lateral motion of the Mondy Fault to the north, which also inhibits the growth of a boundary fault to the east of the lake, shaping the asymmetric graben structure in this region. Our results imply the important role of major strike-slip faults bounding the pull-apart basin in the formation and evolution of the oblique rift.
Potent Chlorambucil-Platinum(IV) Prodrugs

The DNA-alkylating derivative chlorambucil was coordinated in the axial position to atypical cytotoxic, heterocyclic, and non-DNA coordinating platinum(IV) complexes of type, [PtIV(HL)(AL)(OH)2](NO3)2 (where HL is 1,10-phenanthroline, 5-methyl-1,10-phenanthroline or 5,6-dimethyl-1,10-phenanthroline, AL is 1S,2S-diaminocyclohexane). The resultant platinum(IV)-chlorambucil prodrugs, PCLB, 5CLB, and 56CLB, were characterized using high-performance liquid chromatography, nuclear magnetic resonance, ultraviolet-visible, circular dichroism spectroscopy, and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. The prodrugs displayed remarkable antitumor potential across multiple human cancer cell lines compared to chlorambucil, cisplatin, oxaliplatin, and carboplatin, as well as their platinum(II) precursors, PHENSS, 5MESS, and 56MESS. Notably, 56CLB was exceptionally potent in HT29 colon, Du145 prostate, MCF10A breast, MIA pancreas, H460 lung, A2780, and ADDP ovarian cell lines, with GI50 values ranging between 2.7 and 21 nM. Moreover, significant production of reactive oxygen species was detected in HT29 cells after treatment with PCLB, 5CLB, and 56CLB up to 72 h compared to chlorambucil and the platinum(II) and (IV) precursors.
Characterization of six Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) strains carrying Stx2-phages from Colombia

Shiga toxin producing Escherichia coli (STEC) is a bacterial pathogen that causes diarrhea and severe human diseases like HUS; its main virulence factor are the Shiga toxins (Stx1 and Stx2). Some Stx2 subtypes have been identified and associated with the risk of developing severe illness. Stx toxins are encoded in temperate bacteriophages which control their expression through the lytic cycle that is regulated by the late genes and Q anti-terminator protein. The aim of this work was to characterize six STEC strains carrying Stx2-phages to provide preliminary information and understanding about Stx2 strains from Colombia regarding the Stx production, lytic cycle induction and subtyping of Stx2. Two highlighted strains with higher levels of Stx production and lytic cycle’s induction were observed. All the evaluated strains carried either the Stx2a, Stx2c, or Stx2d subtypes. In addition, most of the strains carried the qO111 allele, and only one strain showed differences in the ninG region. Differences in the evaluated characteristics of the strains were observed, which could indicate the variability of these six STEC strains carrying Stx2-phages.
Cell Heterogeneity Uncovered by Single-Cell RNA Sequencing Offers Potential Therapeutic Targets for Ischemic Stroke

Ischemic stroke is a detrimental neurological disease characterized by an irreversible infarct core surrounded by an ischemic penumbra, a salvageable region of brain tissue. Unique roles of distinct brain cell subpopulations within the neurovascular unit and peripheral immune cells during ischemic stroke remain elusive due to the heterogeneity of cells in the brain. Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) allows for an unbiased determination of cellular heterogeneity at high-resolution and identification of cell markers, thereby unveiling the principal brain clusters within the cell-type-specific gene expression patterns as well as cell-specific subclusters and their functions in different pathways underlying ischemic stroke. In this review, we have summarized the changes in differentiation trajectories of distinct cell types and highlighted the specific pathways and genes in brain cells that are impacted by stroke. This review is expected to inspire new research and provide directions for investigating the potential pathological mechanisms and novel treatment strategies for ischemic stroke at the level of a single cell.
Flow Leakage and Kelvin-Helmholtz Instability of Turbulent Flow over Porous Media

In the present paper, turbulent flow in a composite porous-fluid system including a permeable surface-mounted bluff body immersed in a turbulent channel flow is investigated using pore-scale large eddy simulation. The effect of Reynolds number (Re) on the flow leakage from porous to non-porous regions, Kelvin-Helmholtz (K-H) instabilities, as well as coherent structures over the porous-fluid interface are elaborated. Results show that more than 52% of the fluid entering the porous blocks leaks from the first half of the porous region to the non-porous region through the porous-fluid interface. As the Re number increases, the flow leakage decreases by 24%. Flow visualization shows that the Re number affects the size of counter-rotating vortex pairs and coherent hairpin structures above the porous block. Moreover, turbulence statistics show that by reducing the Re number, turbulence production is delayed downstream; at the Re=14400, it begins from the leading edge of the porous block (X/D=0), while at the Re=3600, turbulence production is postponed and starts nearly at the middle of the porous block (X/D=4.6). Finally, the distribution of pressure gradient for the three Re numbers confirms the occurrence of the K-H instability vortices over the porous-fluid interface. For Re = 3600, the K-H instability vortices show a linear growth rate in the vertical and horizontal directions with the slope of 0.136 and 0.05, respectively. However, by increasing the Re from 3600 to 14400, the growth rate slop in the horizontal direction decreases by nearly 33.8%, while in the vertical direction, it increases by 201%.
Washback of Spanish university entrance examination on chemistry teaching in upper secondary education

ABSTRACT The washback effect is particularly relevant when it comes to high-stakes tests, such as university entrance exams. This article presents a research study performed with the aim of determining the current influence of these exams on the teaching of chemistry in upper secondary education. The study was based on a questionnaire distributed among chemistry teachers ‒447 participants‒ from across Spain. The results show that the chemistry content taught in upper secondary education is closer to what is requested in university entrance exams than to what teachers themselves believe to be important for students to learn. For the aspects examined, significant differences between regions were observed; in fact, relevant changes in the curriculum taught and the teaching methodology were apparent in those regions that incorporated content in their tests which was distinct from the traditional approach. Based on the findings, some implications and suggestions are drawn for future university entrance exams.