Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Phytoparasitic Nematodes Associated with Different Cultivars of Grape Grown in Two Types of Soil in Egypt

Survey was conducted in Giza, qualiabia and Behaira governorates of Egypt during 2010-2011 seasons, to study the occurrence and population density phytoparasitic nematodes associated with grapes (Vitis). A total number of 160 soil and root samples were collected from the rhizospher of six grape cultivars BezAlanza, Flame seedless, King Ruby, Romy Red, Superior and Thomoson seedless were collected by digging soils to a depth of 32-40 cm with stainless steel half – tubes. The results indicated that the present of ten phytonematode genera, Criconemoides, Ditylenchus, Helicotylenchus, Hoplolaimus, Meloidogyne, Pratylenchus, Rotylenchulus, Tylenchorhynchus, Tylenchulus and Xiphinema. Frequency and population density of each nematode genera different according to grape cultivars and soil type. The root knot nematode (Meloidogyne) was prevalent nematode in all cultivars and localities it was present in 77.32% of total samples. Also root knot nematode (Meloidogyne) was frequent in (F.O=72.5%) than in clay soil (16.77%),while the citrus nematode (Tylenchulus) was more frequent in clay soil (66.71) than in sandy soil (0.67%).
Features of formation of the cumulative effect of power loads in boys 7 years old

The journal has had 7 points in Ministry of Science and Higher Education parametric evaluation. Part B item 754 (09.12.2016). 754 Journal of Education, Health and Sport eISSN 2391-8306 7 © The Author (s) 2017; This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Kazimierz Wielki University in Bydgoszcz, Poland Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper. Received: 11.01. 2017. Revised 16.01. 2017. Accepted: 17.01. 2017.
Relationship between various phases of milk flow at mechanical milking system and the somatic cell count in cow's milk

The introduction of mechanical milking systems has made a tremendous positive impact on the working efficiency of dairy enterprises. Despite this, a certain discrepancy between the milking machines and dairy cows was soon noticed, usually not favoring the animals well being. For the udder to remain healthy, milking period should be brief, and the optimal milk flow has to be reached as soon as possible and remain constant as long as possible. Research has shown that the lowest SCC for the Holstein breed of cows (LSCC = 3.03) were observed at dIP = 0.3 – 0.6 min, and in those of the Simmental breed (LSCC = 2.96) at dIP = 0.6 – 0.9 min. Furthermore, the prolongation of the dPP of the milk flow curve has proven to have a beneficial effect on the udder health in both breeds of cows (LSCC = 2.46 and 2.50). The dPP should be prolonged by shortening the dDP, since the lowest somatic cell counts in milk (LSCC = 3.27 and 2.80) were observed when the dDP was shorter than 0.7 min.
Factores que afectan la curva de lactancia de vacas Bos taurus x Bos indicus en un sistema de doble propósito en el trópico húmedo de Tabasco, México

The objectives were to describe the lactation curves of Holstein x Zebu (HZ) and Holstein x Sahiwal (HS) cows in a dual-purpose cattle system in Tabasco, Mexico, to determine the effect of some environmental factors on the parameters of the lactation curves and to estimate their repeatabilities (re). The parameters of the lactation curve: a=milk production at the beginning of lactation, b=slope of the lactation curve up to the peak of milk production (PMP) and c=slope after the PMP, were estimated using the Wood model. The coefficient a and the PMP were influenced for all the factors studied and the persistency of production by year and season of calving. The coefficients b and c were influenced by year of calving. The coefficients a, b and c for the lactations of the HC and HS cows were: 7.49, 0.178 and 0.0037 and 6.70, 0.196 and 0.0036, respectively. Cows calving en the wet season had lower PMP values than those calving in the dry or rainy seasons. First parity cows had lower a and PMP values than cows with two or more lactations. The moderate re values of a (0.35), PMP (0.42) and their phenotypic correlation with milk yield during the whole lactation, suggest that they can be used as criteria for culling cows.
Antifeedant and repellent effects of pongam (Pongamia pinnata) and wild sage (Lantana camara) on tea mosquito bug (Helopeltis theivora)

An experiment was conducted during 1995-96 to evaluate the antifeedant and repellent property of pongam (Pongamia pinnata Pierre) and wild sage (Lantana camara L.) with chloroform, petroleum ether and methanol solvent extract against tea mosquito bug (Helopeltis theivora Waterhouse). Among all the solvent extracts, chloroform extract showed the highest antifeedant property. The sprayed shoots of tea with Pongamia pinnata at 5% chloroform extract developed only 18.25,28.25, and 43.25 number of spots 24, 48, and 72 hr after treatment respectively, whereas the same was increased to 179.50,401.25 and 653.75 at 24, 48 and 72 hr after observation on untreated control respectively. The other extracts also showed very promising result. Lantana camara also gave very good result compared with the control, though here also chloroform extract gave the highest antifeedant property. Both the plants also showed excellent repellent property to the first instar nymphs of tea mosquito bug, although highest repellency was shown by Pongamia pinnata in case of chloroform extract. Lantana camara also gave excellent repellency to the insect.
Évolution des caractéristiques démographiques d'une population pure de Rana esculenta au cours de la colonisation de nouveaux étangs en Bretagne (France)

La creation de nouveaux etangs en 1987, dans une prairie humide pres d'une riviere de l'ouest de la France, fut l'occasion de suivre leur colonisation par des grenouilles vertes et l'evolution du peuplement jusqu'en 1993. Les quelques individus fondateurs etaient des hybrides esculenta qui ont donne des tetards des la premiere annee. La population s'est ensuite developpee pour atteindre son apogee en 1990, suivie d'une regression tres nette. Au cours de cette evolution, le taux de mâles triploides RLL a fortement augmente, accompagne d'une augmentation de la fertilite (de 37 a 95%). Toutes les femelles controlees etaient diploides avec un flux de femelles ridibunda depuis 1991, ce qui represente 12 a 27% du total des femelles. L'âge individuel est determine a partir de la lecture de coupes de diaphyses tibiales sur lesquelles il est possible de retracer l'histoire de la croissance individuelle. L'analyse des structures en classes d'âge montre: la presence permanente de 3 a 4 generations; une taille moyenne de chaque classe d'age qui regresse avec le temps; des generations de plus en plus imbriquees avec des tailles plus homogenes. Cette evolution est liee a celle du milieu et a l'augmentation de la predation. Par ailleurs: les individus les plus grands au premier hiver disparaissent avant le deuxieme hiver; les individus les plus grands a 3 ans etaient les plus grands au premier hiver parmi ceux qui etaient programmes pour vieillir; des phenomenes compensatoires peuvent corriger les differences annuelles de croissance; le taux annuel de croissance individuelle devient plus homogene avec l'âge. Une approche experimentale en enclos montre que la croissance au cours de la premiere annee depend de la densite. La presence de tetards hivernants entraine une bimodalite des tailles l'annee suivante aussi forte qu'entre deux generations. La survie au cours de la premiere annee suivant la fin de la metamorphose est de 3,3 a 5,2%, et celle au cours de la deuxieme annee est de 42,4%. Cette survie est en relation avec une forte predation.
The study of plasmid-plasmid and plasmid-chromosome interactions in Staphylococcus aureus

Experiments designed to study the movement of genes between the plasmids and the chromosome of Staphylococcus aureus are described. Two derivatives of the plasmid pI9789::Tn552, that are temperature-sensitive for replication, pSl and pAD, are used as a model system for this investigation. The plasmids carry a gene conferring resistance to cadmium salts and so the number of cadmium-resistant colonies appearing on selective plates at a restrictive temperature is used as a means of measuring the frequency of suppression of the temperature-sensitivity. The frequency depends on the nature of the host, the structure of the plasmid and in some cases is enhanced by the presence of a cloned site-specific recombinase gene, binR. One explanation for suppression is the integration of the plasmid into the chromosome. The presence of Tn557 on the chromosome also greatly enhances the number of cadmium-resistant colonies. The chromosome of S. aureus strain PS80N has been shown by hybridization to carry at least most of Tn552 on a single EcoRl fragment. In several cases following selection for cadmium-resistance at the restrictive temperature, the plasmid pSl has been shown to interact with the EcoRl fragment at a particular plasmid site. The plasmid is presumed to have integrated into the chromosome and subsequent growth of bacteriophage followed by its use in transduction has revealed different types of recovered plasmids often with deletions commencing at a specific site. If the host chromosome carries Tn55/ then on transduction of the presumed integrated plasmid, a copy of Tn557 is found inserted into the transductant plasmid. For pSl the site of insertion of Tn557 is into the Tn552 transposase gene, whereas for pAD insertion occurs into different sites for different transductants. pSl and pΔ|D can form co-integrates with the resident cryptic plasmid pOX1054 of S. aureus 1054. The recombination occurs by a novel method. The data show that pSl or pΔD contribute the site for recombination and that the gene(s) for the protein(s) involved in recombination are encoded on pOX1054 or the 1054 chromosome. Integration of the plasmids into the chromosome of 1054 was not detected.
Female mating preferences as a result of coloration and movement in Betta splendens

Introduction It has been found in many species, including Betta splendens (Siamese fighting fish) and Hirundo rustica (barn swallows), that red pigmentation indicates good immunity and health in an individual, which is indicative of their genes and reproductive success (Saino et al, 2000). In addition to this, previous research has shown that female bettas tend to prefer dark red-pigmented males over light red-pigmented males (Clotfelter et al., 2007), as well as preferring red males over blue males (Clotfelter et al. 2007). In some species of fish, such as Poecilia reticulata, color may indicate a severe parasite infestation and thus, bright flashy colors might indicate immunocompetence (Houde et al. 1992). However, severe parasite infestations result in lethargy, which might make a male less willing to expend the energy required to court a female. Betta fish are well known for their flashy colors and extremely aggressive behavior (Doutrelant & McGregor, 2000). They are an excellent model species for studies of both intrasexual and intersexual selection. If placed in the same enclosure, male bettas will fight, especially if they are protecting a territory containing a bubble nest meant for a receptive female (Noble, 1938). This is an example of intrasexual selection as males are competing against other males for territory, females, defense, and so on. It has also been found that female bettas will “eavesdrop” on fighting males to select the winner, which is an example of intersexual selection (Doutrelant & McGregor, 2000). If receptive, the male will attack a female to determine her readiness to breed (Noble, 1938), thus again indicating intersexual selection. The male must test her readiness to breed, thus determining if she is receptive, fit, and worth the energy it takes to produce sperm and copulate. Our preliminary observations, in addition to previous research, have shown that females will select males for a number of reasons if there is not an opportunity to eavesdrop, including male flashiness and color, or aggressiveness and movement (Dzieweczynski et al., 2005). What is not known is which of these two categories matters most to the female: color or movement? We hypothesized that female bettas will prefer red males over blue males due to previous research suggesting that red coloration is an indication of health and immunity. We also hypothesize that female betta will prefer movement over color. Thus, it is predicted that female bettas will spend on average more time pursuing blue male betta cutouts that move verses red male betta cut outs that are stationary.
Phylogenetic relationships of superfamily Gammaroidea (Amphipoda) and its allies from Japan

– The current superfamilial classification of suborder Gammaridea, at least of the Japanese members, requires a full reassessment of their phylogenetic relationships. We investigated 17 species representing six families in three superfamilies from Japan, based on partial sequences of the mitochondrial 16S rRNA and nuclear 28S rRNA genes. Members of superfamily Gammaroidea are characterized by having gammarid-type calceolus on their antennae, but our molecular analyses did not support the monophyly of Gammaroidea. The unique gammarid-type calceolus found in Gammaroidea may not be a synapomorphy for this group. Monophyly of the families studied, except for Melitidae, was supported by neighbor-joining, maximum parsimony, and maximum likelihood analyses. The molecular analyses revealed that during their evolutionary history, gammaroidean amphipods repeatedly switched between marine and freshwater habitats.
Megamouth--a new species, genus, and family of lamnoid shark (Megachasma pelagios, family Megachasmidae) from the Hawaiian Islands

Megachasma pelagios, a new genus and species of lamnoid shark assigned to the new family Megachasmidae, is described and defined from a single adult male, 4.46 m total length. The holotype and only known specimen was collected approximately 42 km ne of Oahu, Hawaii. Structure and habitus distinctly differ from other lamnoid sharks, particularly in head and tooth morphology and in mesopelagic filter feeding.
Characteristics of zooplankton standing stock and communities in the Western Mediterranean Sea: Relations to hydrology*

SUMMARY: The standing stock and specific composition of zooplankton from neritic and oceanic waters were analyzed in different areas of the western Mediterranean. Comparisons with data from the eastern basin show that zooplankton biomass is situated in the same range in both basins. Local variations in the standing stocks are marked. They are strongly related to topography and complex hydrological events which control nutrients and productivity. Biomasses are usually higher in neritic than in oceanic waters. Seasonal fluctuations are particularly important in both basins. Frontal zones or areas of upwelled waters, particularly rich in nutrients, are highly productive (biomasses >20 mg m-3). Total production is particularly intense in the Alboran Sea, and the Almeria-Oran front. Conversely, the Tyrrhenian Sea is not very productive: minima are around 0.2 mg m-3. The uniformity of zooplankton composition clearly appears in the western and the eastern Mediterranean Sea. Specific diversity is lower inshore, especially when the continental shelf is narrower than offshore. The neritic community consists of a few species with > 50% copepods. Specific assemblages with low diversity inhabit brackish or eutrophic areas. The oceanic community encompasses neritic and oceanic species in low densities; its diversity is high. In the western basin, specific diversity tend to decrease eastward from the strait of Gibraltar and the Alboran Sea, which is rich and influenced by water of Atlantic origin. In the eastern basin, the diversity is maximum in the easternmost Levantine waters. The deep water fauna, mainly composed of mesopelagic species is fairly uniform all over the Mediterranean and poorer than the Atlantic deep fauna. Besides variations related to hydrology and biotic factors, important changes of zooplankton biomass and specific composition are induced by diel vertical migrations which favour active transfer of organic matter as well as passive horizontal transport.
Impact of Distributed Leadership and Psychological Empowerment on Organizational Learning Culture

The purpose of this study was to measure the impact of distributed leadership and psychological empowerment on organizational learning culture through teachers’ perspectives. Distributed leadership is a practice in which the leadership responsibilities are shared within those with related skills and expertise. Psychological Empowerment involves motivational reasoning formed by environment conducive to active involvement in the work roles. Distributed Leadership Questionnaire (DLQ) was developed by the researchers, while Psychological Empowerment Scale (PES) and Urdu version of Dimensions of Organizational Learning Culture (DLOQ) were adopted to address the purpose of the study. Using multistage sampling technique, 613 teachers from forty secondary schools were selected as the sample of study. The reliability coefficients of the three scales ranged from . 75 to . 88. Exploratory factor analysis of the distributed leadership questionnaire yielded four factors of the construct. Initially, Pearson correlation was found among all factors grouped in each construct. Simple linear regression analysis reveals that Dimensions of Distributed leadership (Shared responsibility, Leadership practices, Decision making, and Professional development) as well as Psychological empowerment (Meaning, Competence, Self-determination and Impact) significantly impact learning organization culture. Multiple regression analysis, further demonstrates that 7 of 8 factors of Distributed Leadership and Psychological Empowerment constructs significantly combine to impact learning culture of high schools. The R 2 value shows that almost 67% of the observed variance in learning culture in the schools can be explained by 7 factors of the distributed leadership and psychological empowerment constructs.
Phytochemistry and pharmacology of plants from the ginger family, Zingiberaceae (PhD thesis)

This thesis reports on a series of investigations into the phytochemistry and pharmacology of plants belonging to the ginger family, Zingiberaceae (incl. Costaceae). The work falls into two main parts. The first part examines the pungent compounds and essential oil in 17 clones of ginger (Zingiber officinale) with a view to identify one or more with unique chemistry and consequent particular therapeutic (or flavouring) prospects. The second part comprises the screening of 41 taxa for inhibition of PGE2 and other biological activities, with the primary aim of identifying species with potential anti-inflammatory activity. This part tested the hypothesis that the combination of ethnobotanical and taxonomic information is a productive strategy to identify previously unrecognised plant species with therapeutic potential. Chapter 1 provides a general introduction to plants as medicines and the field of ethnopharmacology. It also provides an overview of the process of inflammation, in particular arachidonic acid metabolism. The main literature review is presented in Chapter 2. It reviews the literature relating to the chemistry and pharmacology of 15 genera in the Zingiberaceae, with the focus on species included in the experimental work. The Zingiberaceae is rich in species used as traditional medicines or spices, but extensive information about their chemistry and pharmacology is available only for a few species, most notably ginger and turmeric (Curcuma longa). These attributes make the family an ideal target for a screening project, since phylogenetically related plant species usually display a significant degree of similarity in the kinds of secondary metabolites they produce. Chapter 3 describes the preliminary experimental work with ginger. This work aimed at determining a suitable extraction solvent and method, guided by the activity of the extracts in a cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) bioassay. It also established an HPLC method suitable for the quantification of gingerols and shogaols in the extracts. Seventeen ginger clones, including commercial cultivars and 12 experimental clones, were analysed by HPLC for their content of pungent compounds. The result of this work is reported in Chapter 4. Because ginger is a sterile cultigen, there is an increased likelihood that chemically distinct and genetically stable clones may exist. This work identified one cultivar that when compared with other clones contained a significantly higher level of pungent gingerols. The analysis included 12 tetraploid clones, but these did not display elevated gingerol production compared with their diploid parent cultivar. The essential oils obtained from the same 17 ginger clones by steam distillation were analysed by GC-MS. These results are presented in Chapter 5. The oil from one particular clone was distinctly different from the others; this was the same clone that had a very high gingerol content. The essential oil of this clone differed from the others by having a lower citral content and higher levels of sesquiterpene hydrocarbons. The…
Antioxidant Capacity, Chemical Composition and Physical Properties of Some Apricot (Prunus armeniaca L.) Cultivars

The study was undertaken to elucidate the understanding of biochemical and physical properties of nine fresh and dried apricot cultivars (‘Jumbo cot’, ‘Tom cot’, ‘Goldstrike’, ‘Goldbar’, ‘Bergeron’, ‘Bergarouge’, ‘Sweet cot’, ‘Yellow cot’ and ‘Zebra’) cultivated at the Boldogk? varalja Commercial Orchard of Debrecen, Hungary. Flesh firmness, skin color, total soluble solid content, titratable acidity, and antioxidant capacity were measured by ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) method and chemiluminescence assay. Fruits were harvested at commercial maturity stages. Fresh apricot and the stoned, non sulphurated fruits dried with hot air for 24 hours were used for measuring antioxidant activity. The contents of antioxidant compounds were analyzed according to a factorial experiment with completely randomized design. All measured characteristics were significantly different among cultivars. ‘Goldbar’ had the highest lipophilic antioxidant capacity (ACL), hydrophilic antioxidant capacity (ACW) and FRAP value. Drying changed the correlation between assays.