Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Simulation-Based Prospective Cohort Study on Teaching Best Practices in Firearms Safety

Supplemental digital content is available in the text. Background Gun violence in the United States is a significant public health concern. The high rate of weapons carriage by Americans places medical providers at risk for exposure to firearms in the workplace and provides an opportunity for patient safety counseling. Few curricular interventions have been published on teaching firearms safety principles to medical providers. Given the risk of encountering firearms in the workplace and the opportunity to engage patients in firearms safety counseling, providers may benefit from dedicated training on safely handling firearms. Methods This was a prospective cohort pilot study of a simulation-based educational intervention for third- and fourth-year medical students enrolled in an emergency medicine subinternship and emergency medicine bootcamp elective. Before undergoing the educational intervention, students completed a preintervention simulation case during which they discovered a model firearm in the patient's belongings and were asked to remove it. Students then received the intervention that included a discussion and demonstration on how to safely remove a firearm in the clinical setting. Two weeks later, the students were presented with a model firearm in a different simulation case, which they needed to remove. During the preintervention and postintervention simulations, students were evaluated on their performance of the critical actions in firearm removal using an 8-item checklist. Students' scores on this checklist were compared. Results Fifty-three students participated in the study, 25 of whom completed the postintervention assessment. The median number of correctly performed critical actions preintervention was 5 (interquartile range = 4–6) and postintervention was 7 (interquartile range = 6–8, P < 0.001). Students showed particular improvement in 4 steps: holding the firearm by the grip only, pointing the firearm in a safe direction at all times, removing the firearm from the immediate patient care area and placing it in a safe area, and ensuring that the firearm is monitored and untouched until police or security personnel arrive to secure it. Conclusions This educational intervention is the first to formally teach students about the safe handling of firearms found in the clinical care space. This low-cost pilot project is easily transferrable to other training centers for teaching principles of safe firearms handling.
Re-Examining the Public–Catholic School Gap in STEM Opportunity to Learn: New Evidence from HSLS

This paper examines public–Catholic gap in STEM opportunity to learn in the US using Mahalanobis-distance matching and adjacent categories models. Consistent with prior studies, there are significant public–Catholic differences in math and science course sequence level and total credits earned. However, we find that these gaps are largely accounted for by selection processes among students of differing family background. Moreover, we find that the Catholic school advantage in STEM opportunity to learn differs by subject; Catholic school students are more likely to enroll in advanced math courses relative to middle-level courses, while their advantage in science is concentrated in the middle of the course-taking hierarchy.
GENERATOR FOR PRODUCING HIGH CONCENTRATIONS OF SMALL IONS. Technical Report No. 12

A free ion generator, capable of producing high concentrations of light ions with high efficiency, has been developed. lons generated in the corona about a needle point are forced through a sonic orifice and thence free of the accelerating field. Positive and negative ion concentrations as high as 10/sup 11/ ions/cm/sup 3/ in the sonic jet are produced. Ion outputs of 10/sup 14//sec using about 2.5 cfm of free air at 30 psig through a 1/16 inch orifice are achieved. The generator is capable of producing positive, negative or an equal mixture of positive and negative ions. The high ion concentrations decay very rapidly due to space charge and recombination effects. A theoretical and preliminary experimental study of ion decay is made. The ion concentration is found to drop off approximately as the (-2) power of the distance from the generator along the axis of the jet. Concentrations five feet from the ionizer along the jet axis are on the order of 10/sup 6/ ions/cm/sup 3/. (auth)
Effect of HPMC Concentration Variation as Gelling Agent on Physical Stability of Formulation Gel Ethanol Extract Bundung Plants (Actinuscirpus Grossus)

Bundung Plant is a efficacious as an antimicrobial. In maximizing its use gel formulation are made from ethanol extract of Bundung Plant. The purpose of this study was to know variations in concentrations HPMC as gel agents against the physical stability. Gel formulation was made in 5 formulas with different HPMC concentrations, namely 1% (F1), 1.5% (F2), 2% (F3), 2.5% (F4) & 3% (F5). Gel formulations are result, each evaluated for physical stability including, organoleptic, pH, homogeneity, viscosity and spread ability. The organoleptis testing, pH, homogeneity and viscosity were analyzed descriptively, while spread ability was analyzed statistically linear regression correlation, one-way ANOVA test. The results of the study showed that variations in the concentration of HPMC did not affect odor, shape, color, pH and homogeneity, but have affect viscosity and spread ability on each gel formulation, and all gel formulation are known to be stable during storage.
(Same)‐sex in the city: Urbanisation and LGBTI rights expansion

Despite the notable successes of lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and intersex (LGBTI) activism in the region, individual European countries have varied considerably in the extent and speed with which they have adopted legislation to recognise the rights of their LGBTI citizens. Scholars have often turned to modernisation theory to explain these variable outcomes and argue that high levels of national wealth are an important factor in the success of LGBTI movements. Although the correlation between modernity, economic development and tolerance of LGBTI lifestyles is often treated as a truism in the literature, scholars have paid less attention to the precise mechanisms by which the complex processes associated with modernisation facilitate policy change. Drawing on the classic works of both modernisation theory and gay and lesbian history, we examine a less explored route by which modernisation leads to the expansion of LGBTI rights. Speciﬁcally, we posit that urbanisation facilitates the adoption of rights policies by strengthening LGBTI movements and enhancing their political effectiveness. To test this proposition, we use event history analysis and an original dataset that contains measures for institutional, cultural, economic and movement variables, as well as measures of urbanisation in 44 European countries between 1980 and 2015. Our ﬁndings support the contention that urbanisation has a strong effect on the formation of LGBTI movement organisations as well as the speed with which European states adopt both same-sex union and anti-discrimination legislation. The relationship between urbanisation and rights expansion persists even after controlling for a country’s level of wealth, religious adherence and the inﬂuence of European institutions and norms.
Rayleigh Wave Attenuation Tomography in the Crust of the Chinese Mainland

In this study, we report a first major effort to measure surface wave amplitudes and to map attenuation structures of the Chinese mainland with dense modern broadband seismic networks in the country. We developed a method of phase‐matched filtering to automatically extract fundamental‐mode Rayleigh waves and to measure the spectral amplitudes. The results are compatible with those from the previous manual method with great improvement in efficiency. Using the automatic method, we extracted a large quantity of the amplitudes of Rayleigh waves at periods of 10 and 20 s recorded by 141 broadband stations from the China Digital Seismograph Network and 656 broadband stations from the China Regional Seismic Network. We performed tomographic inversions using the method of two‐station amplitude ratios and obtained images of the surface wave attenuation maps at periods of 10 and 20 s for the Chinese mainland. The tomographic model resolution reaches 1–2° in central and eastern China, 3–5° in western China, and 5° in the southeastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau and northeastern China. The tomographic results demonstrate good correspondence with geological structures. The distribution of strong historical earthquakes indicates that in the Chinese mainland, these earthquakes occurred mainly in high‐attenuation areas or the junctions between high‐ and low‐attenuation areas.
Relative Contribution of Precipitation and Air Temperature on Dry Season Drying in India, 1951–2018

Soil moisture plays an essential role in food production and land‐atmosphere feedback. However, the relative contribution of precipitation and air temperature on dry season (October–December) soil moisture has not been systematically examined in India. Using observations and simulations from the Variable Infiltration Capacity model, a significant (4%, p value = 0.04) decline in soil moisture (dry season drying hereafter) was found in a large part of India during the 1951–2018. The decline in the summer monsoon precipitation in India during 1951–2018 is mainly due to a decrease in rainfall during the late monsoon season (August–September). A substantial decline (−18.6%, p value = 0.009) in the late monsoon and (−26%, p value = 0.19) dry season precipitation was observed. A significant warming (0.75°C, p value = 0.002) has occurred during the dry season between 1951 and 2018. The relative contribution of decline in precipitation in the late monsoon (30%) and dry season (34%) is considerably higher than the dry season warming (15%). The previously unexplored role of climate warming on the dry season drying was analyzed using Maximum Covariance Analysis between precipitation and sea surface temperature, which suggests both large‐scale and localized influences. Climate warming over the Indian and Atlantic Oceans is associated with declining precipitation during the late monsoon and dry seasons over central India. Also, climate warming over land exacerbates the dry season drying by depleting soil moisture. The dry season drying over a large part of India contributed by climate warming has substantial implications for irrigation water management and groundwater abstraction.
Evaluation of Different eCG Doses + Progesterone to Induce Reproductive Activity During the Transitional Reproductive Season in Anestrous Creole Goats

Background: Goats from subtropical and temperate latitudes show reproductive seasonality. For this reason, the products obtained from goats also shows the same seasonality, reducing the finances of goat keepers. Several studies have focused on reducing reproductive seasonality through the use of hormonal protocols based on progestogens, in addition to the use of equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG) hormone, used for its double biological activity that ensures an optimal response to induce estrus and pregnancy in goats. The objective was to assess whether reduced doses of eCG are effective in inducing reproductive activity in anestrous goats. Methods: During the transition reproductive period (June), mix-breed Creole goats (n=39), were treated with intramuscular progesterone (P4), later, the experimental treatments, consisting in different doses (50, 100, 50+50 or 200 IU) of equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG) were applied. After the application of the experimental protocols, the reproductive activity of the goats was evaluated. Result: This study shows that one dose of 100 IU of eCG effectively induced reproductive behavior in anestrous Creole goats towards the end of the seasonal anestrus. This protocol makes the use of exogenous hormones more efficient, with reduce doses, decreasing expenses and is practical use by goat producers.
Phylotranscriptomics reveals extensive gene duplication in the subtribe Gentianinae (Gentianaceae)

Gene duplication plays an important role in plants for diversification and adaptation to new habitats. In this study, we aim to reconstruct the genome‐scale phylogeny and identify large‐scale gene duplication events for the subtribe Gentianinae (Gentianaceae), which is a great symbol of the alpine plants in the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau. We sequenced and assembled 70 transcriptomes from 67 species, representing all six recognized genera in the subtribe Gentianinae plus the closely related outgroups. Using phylogenomic approaches, the backbone relationships of Gentianinae were almost fully resolved with high bootstrap support. Although instances of conflicts were observed between nuclear and plastid phylogenies, six major clades of Gentianinae were consistently recovered in both phylogenies. In addition, we revealed a high occurrence of duplicated genes in our transcriptome assemblies. Using several gene tree reconciliation methods, we collectively identified 10 nodes in the species tree with large concentrations of duplicated genes. Further analysis indicated that many of these duplicated genes likely arose from hybrid polyploidy, which might also account for some of the topological incongruences between nuclear and plastid phylogenies in Gentianinae.
Variation in timing of decisions to withdraw life-sustaining treatment in adult ICU patients from three centres in different geographies: Do clinical factors explain the difference?

Background Decisions to withdraw life-sustaining treatment (WLST) are common in intensive care units (ICUs). Clinical and non-clinical factors are important, although the extent to which each plays a part is uncertain. Objectives To determine whether the timing of decisions to WLST varies between ICUs in a single centre in three countries and whether differences in timing are explained by differences in clinical decision-making. Methods The study involved a convenience sample of three adult ICUs – one in each of the UK, USA and South Africa (SA). Data were prospectively collected on patients whose life-sustaining treatment was withdrawn over three months. The timing of decisions was collected, as were patients’ premorbid functional status and illness severity 24 hours prior to decision to WLST. Multivariate analysis was used to identify factors associated with decisions to WLST. Clinicians participated in interviews involving hypothetical case studies devoid of non-clinical factors. Results Deaths following WLST accounted for 23% of all deaths during the study period at the USA site v. 37% (UK site) and 70% (SA site) (p<0.0010 across the three sites). Length of stay (LOS) prior to WLST decision varied between sites. Controlling for performance status, age, and illness severity, study site predicted LOS prior to decision (p<0.0010). In the hypothetical cases, LOS prior to WLST was higher for USA clinicians (p<0.017). Conclusion There is variation in the proportion of ICU patients in whom WLST occurs and the timing of these decisions between sites; differences in clinical decision-making may explain the variation observed, although clinical and non-clinical factors are inextricably linked. Contributions of the study This study has identified variation in the timing of decisions to withdraw life-sustaining treatment in adult ICUs in three centres in three different healthcare systems. Although differences in clinical decision-making likely explain some of the variation, non-clinical factors (relating to the society in which the clinicians live and work) may also play a part.
A Dynamical Framework for Interpreting Ancient Sea Surface Temperatures

Efforts to estimate past global mean temperature and latitudinal gradients must contend with spatial heterogeneity in sea surface temperatures (SSTs). Here, we use modern SSTs to show that the environments from which most paleoclimatic data are drawn, shallow epeiric seas and continental margins, are systematically offset from zonal mean temperatures. Epeiric seas are warmer and more seasonal than open‐ocean values from the same latitudes, while continental margins exhibit consistent and predictable deviations related to gyre circulation. Warm temperatures inferred from Paleozoic proxy data may largely reflect that these data derive almost entirely from epeiric seas. Moreover, pseudoproxy analysis using Paleogene sampling localities demonstrates how undersampling of the full range of dynamical environments associated with gyre circulation can generate spurious estimates of latitudinal temperature gradients. Recognition of these global patterns permits a predictive framework within which to more robustly interpret proxy data, improve Earth system models, and reconstruct ancient dynamic regimes.
Survey on EFL Students’ Writing Anxiety: Level, Types, and Causes

This study attempts to investigate the EFL learners’ writing anxiety. Being more specific, the researcher was interested to measure the EFL learners’ writing anxiety levels, to find out types of writing anxieties (i.e., Somatic Anxiety, Cognitive Anxiety, Avoidance Behavior), and elaborate the triggering factors of writing anxiety. The research subjects were 28students who registered for Essay Writing in English Study Program; Two different questionnaires were administered to gather the data; SLWAI questionnaire designed by Cheng (2004) and another questionnaire developed by Zhang (2011). To investigate the level of writing anxiety and its types, the data from the SLWAI questionnaire were analyzed and calculated to find the mean. Moreover, to find out the causes of writing anxiety, the data from the second questionnaire were ranked from 1-7 based on the most chosen items. The findings showed that students experience high level of anxiety (M=65.86, >65). Then the most common type of anxiety was Cognitive Anxiety, and the mean score is 23.9 in which it was the highest of all the types. Furthermore, linguistics difficulties (82%), lack of topical knowledge (68%), and insufficient writing technique (60%) were the dominant sources of students’ writing anxiety
Progress in the construction of the NICA accelerator complex

The Nuclotron-based Ion Collider fAcility (NICA) is currently under construction at JINR (Dubna, Russia). The new facility will be a significant extension of the existing Nuclotron accelerator chain and comprises a sequence of machines for providing beams from protons to gold ions, as well as polarized protons and deuterons. The main goal of the Multi-Purpose Detector (MPD) experiment at NICA will be the study of a variety of phenomena in the region of the highest net-baryon density. This paper covers the scope of the NICA/MPD project and describes the recent progress in its realization.
Firm Size Does Matter: New Evidence on the Determinants of Cash Holdings

We study the financial determinants of cash holdings and discuss the importance of firm size in the post-crisis period. We employ panel data regression analysis on a sample of 6629 non-financial and non-utility listed companies in the United Kingdom from 2010 to 2018. We focus on the comparative analysis of large, medium, and small size firms in terms of cash holdings. Our findings indicate that cash levels are higher for firms with riskier cash flows, more growth opportunities, and higher R&D expenditures. In contrast, the firms’ cash holdings decrease when the substitutes of cash, cash flows, and capital expenditures increase. We show that small-sized firms tend to hold more cash than their larger counterparts due to precautionary motives. Further, we confirm a significant and varying association between managerial ownership and cash holdings. The study is robust to different regression specifications, additional analyses, and endogeneity tests. Overall, we add to the prior literature by identifying the effect of firm-level attributes and governance characteristics on cash policy during the post-crisis period. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first work that provides insights on the way that firm characteristics impact cash holdings, considering the differences among firm size groupings.
Product diversification and large construction firm productivity: the effect of institutional environments in Malaysia

PurposeMany large construction firms (LCFs) adopt product diversification (PD) to counter downturns and spread risks. However, no detailed information is available concerning the type of PD that improves their performance. In addition, it is still uncertain how much changes in institutional dimensions influence the effectiveness of PD. Therefore, the aim is to resolve this issue by establishing a model that shows the extent of this influence.Design/methodology/approachThe generalised method of moments (GMM) estimator is used to model the PD strategies of 86 LCFs in Malaysia over 14 years (2003–2016) and its impact on productivity and profitability performance.FindingsUnrelated diversification (UD) decreased firm performance in 2003–2016, while related diversification (RD) had a positive impact during the more liberal 2010–2016 phase. The models show that the impact of PD is highly dependent on changes in institutional dimensions.Practical implicationsFirstly, managers may adjust the type of PD and its level of diversification to improve firm performance. Secondly, they may devise PD strategies based on changes in institutional dimensions to maximise their effectiveness.Originality/valueThe study contributes to the literature by determining the optimal amount of PD (including RD and UD) and its impact on performance. Secondly, the study is the first to investigate the moderating relationship of the institutional dimensions of economic and regulatory institutions on PD-firm performance. Thirdly, the study is the first to explore the components of technical-scale-scope economies (movement towards and around the production frontier), this being crucial to the strategy that was only conjectured in previous studies.
Developing Interactive Android-Based E-Learning Media as a Virtual Laboratory for the Students of Office Administration Education

The industrial revolution 4.0 leads to an increase in job competition. It should eventually be prepared with personal competence, especially for students in the Department of Office Administration Education. The study aims to develop an interactive e-learning media as a virtual laboratory on a meeting organization course. This study aimed to examine the eligibility of the media and to know the response of the students. This study applied a research and development (R & D) model which developed by Borg and Gall. This virtual laboratory is designed with some attractive features such as (1) meeting schedule, (2) start the meeting, (3) meeting minutes, (4) content sharing, (5) chat, (6) meeting materials, (7) record the meeting, (8) and contact. The current research product is E-Learning media, an interactive virtual laboratory worth applying in the learning activities developed by the researchers. It is made based on the validation of the experts and the positive response of the students.