Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
From toilet insecurity to toilet security: creating safe sanitation for women and girls

For women and girls in low‐income areas, the consequences of inadequate sanitation include fear of harassment, experiences of violence, and psychosocial stress. When safe, usable toilets are not available, women and girls face three types of toilet insecurity: (1) the material reality for many women and girls that they do not have access to a toilet; (2) the risk of venturing out for open defecation if there is no toilet; and (3) having access to a public toilet, but one that is unusable (e.g., filthy) or unsafe (e.g., insufficient lighting), so that women and girls accept the risk of going for open defecation. WIREs Water 2016, 3:19–24. doi: 10.1002/wat2.1122
Quantitative measures of comparison between antenna pattern data sets

Frequently in test, measurement and development, there is a requirement to compare two or more supposedly identical data sets. These data sets may be acquired as: test data (does the data set fall within a given level of conformance); validation data (do the results confirm the applicability of a test methodology or design process); and calibration data (the data is required to act as a benchmark against which other measurements will be assessed). An example of such data is the far-field three-dimensional radiation pattern of antennas, which may be measured repeatedly on the same or different antenna test ranges. The requirement for objective, quantitative and robust methods of assessing such data, is discussed and confirmed. In addition, the constraints placed on these assessment methods, applied by the nature of the measurement process and the measurand, are highlighted and examined. Data sets that can be used to illustrate the application of these comparison techniques are presented and a preliminary assessment of them made using previously established techniques. These data sets embody a variety of subtle and specific characteristics that stem from particular known error sources. The limitations of these established assessment techniques are discussed and used to motivate the development of newer, more sophisticated analysis, where the data sets are further processed to yield objective measures of comparison. A variety of new assessment techniques that satisfy the aforementioned constraints are then presented and their various merits are compared and contrasted to illustrate their applicability to the classification and analysis of large data sets derived from near-field antenna measurements.
CONNECTING VEHICULAR NETWORKS TO THE INTERNET: A LIFE TIME-BASED ROUTING PROTOCOL

Inter-Vehicle Communications have recently attracted the attention of researchers in academia and industry. In such networks, vehicles should be able to communicate among each other (V2V) as well as with roadside Infrastructure units (V2I). Vehicular networks try to provide safety on the roads by disseminating critical messages among vehicles. Infrastructure units provide some services such as driver information systems and Internet access. Because of the high speed and high mobility of vehicles, establishing and maintaining a connection to these units is very challenging. We introduce a new protocol that uses the characteristics of vehicle movements to predict the vehicle behavior and select a route with the longest life-time to connect to the wired network. It aims at spreading the advertisement messages through multi-hops without flooding the network, do seamless hand-overs and select the most stable routes to these units. We performed some simulations and compared the performance of our work with some well-known protocols.
Medication-Related Osteonecrosis of the Jaw in Patients Treated Concurrently with Antiresorptive and Antiangiogenic Agents: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Introduction Medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaws (MRONJ) is a known adverse event related to the use of antiresorptive (AR) drugs. More recently, an association between antiangiogenic (AA) drugs and MRONJ has been suggested. This review aimed to investigate the overall prevalence and relative risk of MRONJ in patients treated concurrently with AA and AR agents in comparison with a single AA or AR drug. Methods A review protocol was registered with PROSPERO (ID: CRD42020214244). A systematic literature search, study selection, quality assessment, and data extraction were carried out following PRISMA guidelines. Random-effects meta-analysis models were used to summarize relative estimates for the outcomes, namely prevalence and relative risk of MRONJ. Exposure variable included type of drug, specifically AA and AR agents administered either concurrently or individually. Results Eleven studies were included in the final qualitative and quantitative syntheses. The overall pooled weighted prevalence of MRONJ with concurrent AA-AR drugs was 6% (95% CI: 3–8%), compared with 0% (95% CI: 0–0%) for AA only and 5% (95% CI: 0–10%) for AR only. However, high heterogeneity was noted among included studies. Retrospective cohort studies showed a higher pooled prevalence of 13% (95% CI: 10–17%) for concurrent AA-AR therapy. The pooled risk ratio for MRONJ revealed a risk with concurrent AA-AR drugs 2.57 times as high as with AR only (95% CI: 0.84–7.87); however, this difference was not statistically significant. Concurrent AA-AR drugs had a risk for MRONJ 23.74 times as high as with AA only (95% CI: 3.71–151.92). Conclusions High-quality, representative studies are needed for accurate estimation of relative risk of MRONJ with concurrent AA and AR therapy.
Evaluation of Prestrain Annealing Impact on Nanomaterial Sensitization

Light metal alloys are extensively used in automotive, aerospace, aircraft, and military sectors since their lightweight leads to reduced energy consumption, increased fuel efficiency, and better environmental protection. In the present situation, nanomaterials are the potential candidate for weight saving in the structural application and can meet stringent government norms. Nanomaterial was heat-treated in the furnace to about a certain temperature and time and then normalized for strengthening. The heat-treated nanomaterial undergoes different forging processes, namely, hot forging and cold forging, using a certain capacity’s hydraulic press. Hence, in this work, an extensive study on the influence of the prestrain annealing, the corrosion rate on differently treated samples, and the effect of sensitization heat treatment on the nanomaterial was done.
Determinants of HADR mission success: exploring the experience of the Malaysian army

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to empirically explore issues in humanitarian aid and disaster relief (HADR) missions and examine the effects of selected factors on mission success. The paper focusses on organisational perspectives of the Malaysian army due to their extensive experience in HADR operations. Design/methodology/approach – Interactions among three broad factors namely human resource, logistics and coordination, as well as their effects on mission performance, were examined. A qualitative approach was chosen because it allowed for an exploratory yet a more in-depth analysis of the issues. Findings – Results suggest that while the effects of logistics and coordination on mission success appear to be direct, human resource influences it in a more indirect manner. Additionally, from a military viewpoint, HADR teams are also challenged by factors which are less controllable such as public support and local infrastructure. Research limitations/implications – The study has contributed to know.
With a Little Help From Change Management

Abstract. Change-management activities require extensive interventions, for which small and medium-sized companies often lack the expertise. Thus, we examined whether a short-term intervention could be an innovative approach that affects employees’ attitudes and behavior. In the cooperative project IviPep, a company developed digital tools for its own internal development process. Our intervention was part of the corresponding training and consisted of a 5-minute presentation about prototypical reactions to change and a 45-minute workshop. Employees could voice their concerns, reflect on advantages, and work on potential solutions to address their concerns. Results of a survey before and after the training ( N = 22) showed that the short-term intervention significantly increased readiness for change ( d = 0.72) but did not significantly increase overall attitude toward change ( d = 0.16) or behavioral resistance to change ( d = -0.37), although the effects pointed in the intended direction. Our results indicate that even small change efforts can make a difference.
Urban air quality management-A review

Urban air quality management plan (UAQMP) is an effective and efficient tool employed in managing acceptable urban air quality. However, the UAQM practices are specific to a country’s needs and requirements. Majority of the developed countries have full–fledged UAQMP with a regulatory management framework. However, developing countries are still working in formulating the effective and efficient UAQMPs to manage their deteriorating urban air environment. The first step in the process of formulation of UAQMP is to identify the air quality control regions based on ambient air quality status and second, initiate a time bound program involving all stakeholders to develop UAQMPs. The successful implementation of UAQMPs depends on the strength of its key components, e.g. goal/objective, monitoring network, emission inventory, air quality modeling, control strategies and public participation. This paper presents a comprehensive review on UAQMPs, being implemented worldwide at different scales e.g., national (macro), city (medium), and local (micro).
Characterization of the Positioning Accuracy and Precision of MEMS Die Servoing Using Model-Based Visual Tracking

This work deals with an automated micro-assembly of MEMS die holders using a 3D visual servoing approach. Visual positioning which was used is based on eye-to-hand tracking principle. The 3D poses of the MEMS are supplied in a real-time by a 3D (CAD) model-based tracking algorithm. Having executed the visual servoing the accuracy and repeatability of this method was examined. The micro-assembly process was performed and the accuracy calculated according to ISO 9283. The achieved accuracy was 0.345 μm and repeatability was 4.3 μm. The rotation accuracy was less than 0.13°.
Aggregate Orientation and Segregation in Laboratory-Compacted Asphalt Samples

Different laboratory compaction methods can produce volumetrically identical asphalt mixture specimens but with widely varying mechanical properties. Provided that the mixture design is constant, variations in mechanical properties are probably due to differences in the structure of the aggregate-bitumen matrix. The objective of this study is to investigate the structure of the internal aggregate-bitumen matrix created by different laboratory compaction methods and compare it with mechanical performance. Three types of laboratory compaction are considered: gyratory, vibratory, and slab. Image analysis techniques have been used to provide quantitative information on the orientation and distribution of aggregates on horizontal planes within asphalt mixture specimens, and the results indicate that circumferential alignment of aggregate particles occurs in gyratory and vibratory compacted specimens. This behavior is more pronounced for larger aggregate particles and in those with an aspect ratio (maximum length/maximum width) greater than two. Slab-compacted specimens display a more random particle orientation. The distribution and segregation of aggregates has been considered relative to the center of each horizontal asphalt-specimen cross section. While overall levels of aggregate particle density are similar across all compaction methods considered, greater segregation occurs in vibratory-and gyratory-compacted specimens. Repeated load axial testing was done on specimens compacted by each method. The results indicate higher resistance to deformation in the vibratory- and gyratory-compacted samples than in volumetrically identical slab-compacted samples.
Do Large Firms Pursue More Process Innovation? A Case of Canadian Manufacturing Industries

We test the Cohen & Klepper cost-spreading process share hypotheses using unique data from two national innovation surveys (2009 and 2012). To our knowledge, no other study has the same combination as our dataset, in terms of robust data from a mandatory survey, large sample size, diverse measures for innovation output, and no sample selection bias. We use two direct measures of innovation to test the CK hypothesis: R&D expenditure and the number of innovations. An outcome variable that counts the number of innovations can be easier for respondents to recall from memory and they may reflect the firm’s activities more accurately. Using direct measures of innovation eliminates three forms of bias emanating from patents. Our results show that the CK hypotheses can be supported with the aggregated sample, but the results are weak for separate industries. The count-based process share provides statistically superior results to the expenditure-based process share.
Translation and content validation of the trans-contextual model questionnaire battery and development of a web-based version for 10-to 12-year-old Danish schoolchildren

Abstract The trans-contextual model (TCM) offers a heuristic-based theoretical framework to understand fifth-grade Danish schoolchildren’s motivation to participate in the 11 for Health in Denmark educational football concept, as well as their intention and behaviour to participate in vigorous physical activity (PA) in a leisure-time context. The implementation of this model framework in a validated web-based version of the 3-part TCM questionnaire battery requires transparent, qualitative cross-cultural translation and adaptation so that effectiveness of the 11 for Health concept can be evaluated in a Danish context. The focus of this translation and adaptation process was on content validity and conceptual, item, semantic, and operational equivalencies. This study consisted of three parts: (1) translation and creation of a web-based questionnaire version, (2) cognitive debriefing interviews in two independent groups of schoolchildren (ten boys and six girls, Mage = 11.65 years) and (3) observation during implementation of the questionnaire battery. Through analytical triangulation of interviews and observations, we identified four themes: considerations to be taken into account in creating the web-based questionnaire battery, adjustments needed when translating the questionnaire battery, required personal information, and response categories. Further, we identified and resolved problems with regard to the introduction of the questionnaire battery, to 23 out of 57 questions, to providing personal information, and to response categories. The translated and adapted TCM questionnaire battery seems to be suitable for 10- to 12-year-old Danish schoolchildren and shows content validity. The Danish web-based version of the TCM is now ready for large-scale testing of its psychometric properties.
Seismic performance of wood‐frame houses in south‐western British Columbia

The seismic performance of conventional wood‐frame structures in south‐western British Columbia is analytically investigated through incremental dynamic analysis by utilizing available UBC‐SAWS models, which were calibrated based on experimental test results. To define an adequate target response spectrum that is consistent with information from national seismic hazard maps, record selection/scaling based on the conditional mean spectrum (CMS) is implemented. Furthermore, to reflect complex seismic hazard contributions from different earthquake sources (i.e. crustal events, interface events, and inslab events), we construct CMS for three earthquake types, and use them to select and scale an adequate set of ground motion records for the seismic performance evaluation. We focus on the impacts of adopting different record selection criteria and of using different shear‐wall types (Houses 1–4; in terms of seismic resistance, House 1>House 2>House 3>House 4) on the nonlinear structural response. The results indicate that the record selection procedures have significant influence on the probabilistic relationship between spectral acceleration at the fundamental vibration period and maximum inter‐story drift ratio, highlighting the importance of taking into account response spectral shapes in selecting and scaling ground motion records. Subjected to ground motions corresponding to the return period of 2500 years, House 1 is expected to experience very limited extent of damage; Houses 2 and 3 may be disturbed by minor damage; whereas House 4 may suffer from major damage occasionally. Finally, we develop statistical models of the maximum inter‐story drift ratio conditioned on a seismic intensity level for wood‐frame houses, which is useful for seismic vulnerability assessment. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Snaking stability of articulated frame steer vehicles with axle suspension

A known problem of articulated vehicles is that snaking oscillations may occur at high speed. For ride comfort reasons, it is desirable to introduce suspended axles on articulated vehicles such as wheel loaders which are traditionally built without wheel suspension. This paper investigates how this may affect the snaking stability, by studying the vehicle dynamic behaviour of a multibody simulation model with and without suspension. Results show that an axle suspension may have a slightly destabilising effect, although the difference is small and can be offset by a stiffer or more damped steering system.
TBT in UK Estuaries, 1982-86. Evaluation of the Environmental Problem

In 1982 TBT compounds leached from antifouling agents were identified as a possible cause of poor oyster (Crassostrea gigas) growth in the UK. A programme of research and monitoring by MAFF at Burnham-on-Crouch confirmed that low concentrations (0.1-0.2 \mug l-1) of TBT occurred in enclosed estuaries with high numbers of pleasure craft, and produced low meat yields and shell thickening in C. gigas. Information gathered on the extent of the oyster problem and an examination of biological effects in other species has led to concern about the wider environmental impact of TBT. The action taken to control the use of TBT in the UK is discussed.
The Relevance and Practice of Theological Education: A Case Study of Charismatic Churches in Santasi-Heman, Ghana

Theology involves education which is an instrument and structure for securing the future of the Church. Establishment of ground rules on how theological studies can be used as a tool for the benefit of practical ministry in transforming the church and society as a whole is indeed crucial. This study report therefore investigates the relevance of theological studies for practical ministry. It considers the extent to which church ministers, pastors and leaders apply their theological knowledge in ministerial practices. The study adopted a quantitative and qualitative research approach to examine and explain the data obtained. Most of the respondents had some knowledge in theological education and were practicing it. However, the study indicated that those with little or no knowledge in theological education may not have attended formal Bible schools where proper theology is taught and this could affect their church growth, societal development and transformation. To improve upon the quality of the life of the church members holistically, the study suggests that, theological education is relevant for practical ministry through knowledge in theology and its practice. The study further highlights the need for a more informed theological education of ministers and leaders of churches in order to conduct their activities in such a way that can impact society. It recommends that, proper theological education and reliance on the Holy Spirit should be mutually engaged for a total development and transformation of our societies.
Limit Analysis of Ultimate Strength of Tubular X-Joints

An investigation of the ultimate strength of tubular joints has been carried out in order to develop an analytical method that provides a rational basis for the design of tubular joints. In this paper, the ultimate strength of the axially loaded X-joints was evaluated using the yield line method. Two theoretical models based on the observed failure mechanism were presented. In the first model, it was considered that the ultimate strength is determined by the plastic moment capacity on the yield lines and the membrane action in the yield zone of the chord surface. The second model, which takes membrane action in the saddle region into account, was developed to predict the strength of X-joints when the ratio of brace to chord diameter approaches 1.0. The proposed theoretical models were successfully verified by comparing with the empirical formulas and the experimental results of 128 joint tests reported in the literature.
Improving supply chain operations by adopting RFID technology: evaluation and comparison of enabling factors

The purpose of this article is to identify and prioritise enabling factors based on the different objectives that determine the implementation of radio frequency identification (RFID) in Thailand. Three main objectives of RFID implementation and five enabling factors were identified after reviewing literature. Interviews with 12 RFID experts were carried out to answer the proposed research questions. Analytical hierarchy process was then used to prioritise the relative importance of the enabling factors based on the three objectives of RFID implementation. The results show that ‘Softer’ factors are more important than the ‘Harder’ factors when cost competitiveness is the key objective of RFID implementation. This study contributes to the existing body of knowledge by evaluating and prioritising the objectives and enabling factors in implementing RFID in supply chain at firm level from experts’ experience. In particular, the focus is on an emerging economy context.
Limitations of Current Approaches for Predicting Groundwater Vulnerability from PFAS Contamination in the Vadose Zone

Published literature for reported sorption coefficients (Kd) of eight anionic per‐ and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in soil was reviewed. Kd values spanned three to five log units indicating that no single value would be appropriate for use in estimating PFAS impacts to groundwater using existing soil‐water partition equations. Regression analysis was used to determine if the soil or solution parameters might be used to predict Kd values. None of the 15 experimental parameters collected could individually explain variability in reported Kd values. Significant associations between Kd and soil calcium and sodium content were found for many of the selected PFAS, suggesting that soil cation content may be critical to PFAS sorption, as previously noted in sources like Higgins and Luthy (2006), while organic carbon content was significant only at elevated levels (>5%). Unexplained discrepancies between the results from studies where PFAS were introduced to soil and desorbed in the laboratory and those that used material from PFAS‐impacted sites suggest that laboratory experiments may be overlooking some aspects critical to PFAS sorption. Future studies would benefit from the development and use of standardized analytical methods to improve data quality and the establishment of soil parameters appropriate for collection to produce more complete data sets for predictive analysis.