Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Radiogenomic Predictors of Recurrence in Glioblastoma—A Systematic Review

Glioblastoma, as the most aggressive brain tumor, is associated with a poor prognosis and outcome. To optimize prognosis and clinical therapy decisions, there is an urgent need to stratify patients with increased risk for recurrent tumors and low therapeutic success to optimize individual treatment. Radiogenomics establishes a link between radiological and pathological information. This review provides a state-of-the-art picture illustrating the latest developments in the use of radiogenomic markers regarding prognosis and their potential for monitoring recurrence. Databases PubMed, Google Scholar, and Cochrane Library were searched. Inclusion criteria were defined as diagnosis of glioblastoma with histopathological and radiological follow-up. Out of 321 reviewed articles, 43 articles met these inclusion criteria. Included studies were analyzed for the frequency of radiological and molecular tumor markers whereby radiogenomic associations were analyzed. Six main associations were described: radiogenomic prognosis, MGMT status, IDH, EGFR status, molecular subgroups, and tumor location. Prospective studies analyzing prognostic features of glioblastoma together with radiological features are lacking. By reviewing the progress in the development of radiogenomic markers, we provide insights into the potential efficacy of such an approach for clinical routine use eventually enabling early identification of glioblastoma recurrence and therefore supporting a further personalized monitoring and treatment strategy.
SUPR-GAN: SUrgical PRediction GAN for Event Anticipation in Laparoscopic and Robotic Surgery

Comprehension of surgical workflow is the foundation upon which artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) holds the potential to assist intraoperative decision making and risk mitigation. In this work, we move beyond mere identification of past surgical phases, into prediction of future surgical steps and specification of the transitions between them. We use a novel Generative Adversarial Network (GAN) formulation to sample future surgical phases trajectories conditioned on past video frames from laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) videos and compare it to state-of-the-art approaches for surgical video analysis and alternative prediction methods. We demonstrate the GAN formulation’s effectiveness through inferring and predicting the progress of LC videos. We quantify the horizon-accuracy trade-off and explored average performance, as well as the performance on the more challenging, and clinically relevant transitions between phases. Furthermore, we conduct a survey, asking 16 surgeons of different specialties and educational levels to qualitative evaluate predicted surgery phases.
DNMT1-Mediated DNA Methylation Targets CDKN2B to Promote the Repair of Retinal Ganglion Cells in Streptozotocin-Induced Mongolian Gerbils during Diabetic Retinopathy

Objective DNA methylation played a vital role in the progression of diabetic retinopathy. In this study, we aimed to explore the role of DNA cytosine-5-methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) in the development of early diabetic retinopathy and its potential underlying mechanism. Methods Eight-week-old healthy Mongolian gerbils were used to establish type 1 diabetes using streptozotocin (STZ). Alteration of weight, fasting blood glucose, density of RGCs (Tuj1-labeled), and H&E-stained retinal cross sections were applied to evaluate the diabetic retinopathy mouse model. The global DNA methylation level of the retina at different time points after STZ injection was measured using the global methylation assay. Western blot was used to detect the protein expression of DNMT1, DNA methyltransferase 3A (DNMT3A), and 3B (DNMT3B). Quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reactions (qRT-PCR) and western blot were used to determine the expression of CDKN2B. Cell proliferation and cell cycle were evaluated by the MTS assay and flow cytometry. Results STZ injection caused the increased global DNA methylation level, which reached a maximum at 6 weeks after injection. Moreover, STZ injection caused the damage of RGCs. At 6 weeks after STZ injection, the expression levels of DNMT1 and DNMT3B were significantly increased in the STZ group. DNMT1-induced DNA hypermethylation inhibited the expression of CDKN2B (a negative regulator of cell cycle). DNMT1-mediated DNA methylation facilitated RGC proliferation via regulating the expression of CDKN2B. Conclusion DNMT1-mediated DNA methylation played an important role in STZ-induced diabetic retinopathy via modulating CDKN2B expression.
Circulating Cell-Free DNA Reflects the Clonal Evolution of Breast Cancer Tumors

Simple Summary Liquid biopsy of cell-free DNA (cfDNA) is proposed as potential method for the early detection of breast cancer (BC) metastases and following the clonal evolution of BC. Though the use of liquid biopsy is widely discussed, only few studies have demonstrated such usage so far. The aim of this study was to evaluate how accurately cfDNA resembles the genetic profile of tumor DNA and how liquid biopsy reflects the clonal evolution of 18 Eastern-Finnish BC cases with locoregional or distant metastases. Although notable discordance between the sequenced cfDNA and tumor DNA was observed, our results show that liquid biopsy reflects the heterogeneity and clonal evolution of BC and may help to identify potential driver variants and therapeutic targets that are not detected with the sequencing of tumor DNA. This information may be used to detect metastatic BC earlier and to support decision-making in clinical practice. Abstract Liquid biopsy of cell-free DNA (cfDNA) is proposed as a potential method for the early detection of breast cancer (BC) metastases and following the clonal evolution of BC. Though the use of liquid biopsy is a widely discussed topic in the field, only a few studies have demonstrated such usage so far. We sequenced the DNA of matched primary tumor and metastatic sites together with the matched cfDNA samples from 18 Eastern Finnish BC patients and investigated how well cfDNA reflected the clonal evolution of BC interpreted from tumor DNA. On average, liquid biopsy detected 56.2 ± 7.2% of the somatic variants that were present either in the matched primary tumor or metastatic sites. Despite the high discordance observed between matched samples, liquid biopsy was found to reflect the clonal evolution of BC and identify novel driver variants and therapeutic targets absent from the tumor DNA. Tumor-specific somatic variants were detected in cfDNA at the time of diagnosis and 8.4 ± 2.4 months prior to detection of locoregional recurrence or distant metastases. Our results demonstrate that the sequencing of cfDNA may be used for the early detection of locoregional and distant BC metastases. Observed discordance between tumor DNA sequencing and liquid biopsy supports the parallel sequencing of cfDNA and tumor DNA to yield the most comprehensive overview for the genetic landscape of BC.
Staged endovascular treatment of a coexisting parasellar aneurysm and endoscopic resection of a pituitary macroadenoma: illustrative case

BACKGROUND Intracranial aneurysms and pituitary adenomas are relatively common pathologies that, in rare instances, may concurrently present. Their management poses considerable clinical and technical challenges. OBSERVATIONS The authors present a case of a 66-year-old female patient with a fusiform aneurysm of the left internal carotid artery associated with a symptomatic pituitary macroadenoma that had been causing visual deficits for the past several years. She underwent successful placement of flow diverter stents across her aneurysm, followed by routine dual antiplatelet therapy to maintain stent patency. She underwent frequent serial radiographic, endocrine, and ophthalmological evaluations during this time to ensure stability of her pituitary adenoma. Following confirmation of aneurysm obliteration and subsequent de-escalation of antiplatelet medications to aspirin monotherapy, her tumor was subsequently resected via an endoscopic endonasal approach in a delayed fashion. LESSONS The authors review the literature regarding management of these concurrent pathologies and describe the aspects of the case that led them to their chosen treatment strategy. An algorithm is proposed regarding the management of parasellar aneurysms with a concurrent diagnosis of pituitary tumor pathology.
A Single Dras‐Kohistan‐Ladakh Arc Revealed by Volcaniclastic Records

Tectonic interpretations of arc remnants in the Himalayan orogen remain uncertain, despite their important implications for the overall convergence history between India and Eurasia. Provenance results from deep‐water volcaniclastic rocks of the Indus Suture Zone in Ladakh provide new constraints on the Mesozoic tectonic evolution of the Dras and Kohistan‐Ladakh arcs. Detrital zircon (DZ) U‐Pb ages and whole‐rock geochemistry of the fault‐bounded Upper Cretaceous Nindam and Paleocene Jurutze formations present age patterns and compositions that are consistent with those of the Dras and Kohistan‐Ladakh arcs, respectively. The combination of DZs of the Nindam and Jurutze formations with the igneous zircons of the Dras and Kohistan‐Ladakh arcs shows similar age distributions that support a Late Jurassic to Paleocene tectonic connection between all these units. We argue that the secular trends in geochemical composition of DZs and volcaniclastic material are consistent with the magmatic evolution of one convergent margin, which shifted from a primitive to a mature stage during the Late Cretaceous. The recognition of a single Dras‐Kohistan‐Ladakh arc sets the stage for reevaluating competing scenarios of the Mesozoic evolution of the India–Eurasia convergent system. We find that the most likely scenario is that of a Jurassic arc formed above a south‐dipping intraoceanic subduction zone and accreted to Eurasia during the Early Cretaceous, after which it evolved above a north‐dipping subduction zone.
Blood Pressure Monitoring and Perinatal Outcomes in Normotensive Women with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus

Alterations in ambulatory blood pressure detected by monitoring (ABPM) have been associated with perinatal complications in hypertensive pregnant women. Aim: To establish the relationships between the blood pressure (BP) profiles detected by ABPM and adverse perinatal outcomes in normotensive women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Methods: A prospective study of normotensive women in whom 24 h ABPM was performed at 28–32 weeks of pregnancy. The obstetric and perinatal outcomes were evaluated. Results: Two hundred patients were included. Thirty-seven women with GDM and obesity had significantly higher mean systolic BP (SBP) and nocturnal SBP and diastolic BP (DBP) compared to women with only GDM (n = 86). Nocturnal SBP (OR = 1.077; p = 0.015) and obesity (OR = 1.131; p = 0.035) were risk factors for the development of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDPs). Mothers of newborns with neonatal complications (n = 27) had higher nocturnal SBP (103.8 vs. 100 mmHg; p = 0.047) and DBP (62.7 vs. 59.4; p = 0.016). Women who delivered preterm (n = 10) had higher BP and a non-dipper pattern (p = 0.005). Conclusions: Nocturnal SBP was a predictor of HDPs in normotensive women with obesity or GDM. Alterations in ABPM in these patients were associated with poor obstetric and perinatal outcomes.
miR-185-5p Regulates Inflammation and Phagocytosis through CDC42/JNK Pathway in Macrophages

Macrophage activation is an essential component of systemic chronic inflammation and chronic inflammatory diseases. Emerging evidence implicates miR-185-5p in chronic inflammation diseases. However, the regulatory role of miR-185-5p in macrophage pro-inflammatory activation has not been studied previously. Here, we identified that miR-185-5p was one of the top genes and effectively downregulated in two macrophage miRNA expression datasets from GEO. Under LPS stress, miR-185-5p overexpression reduced pro-inflammatory cytokine expression, suppressed phagocytosis in RAW264.7 macrophage. miR-185-5p inhibitors augmented pro-inflammatory effects of LPS in macrophage. Mechanically, miR-185-5p sponged and negatively regulated the protein expression of CDC42. Ablation of CDC42 with selective CDC42 inhibitor CASIN reversed the pro-inflammatory effect of miR-185-5p inhibitors through inhibiting MAPK/JNK pathways. Collectively, these data demonstrate that miR-185-5p exhibited anti-inflammatory functions in LPS-induced RAW264.7 macrophages at least partially through CDC42/JNK pathways. Our findings yield insights into the understanding of miR-185-5p-regulated network in macrophages inflammation, which is beneficial for exploring miRNA-protein interaction in atherosclerotic inflammation.
Translation, Validity and Reliability of a Malay Version of the Toddler Sensory Profile 2

ABSTRACT Sensory processing is an essential development in toddlers. A common sensory measurement tool used by Malaysian occupational therapists is Toddler Sensory Profile 2 (TSP 2). However, the Malay version has yet to be translated and validated for TSP 2 among toddlers in Malaysia. The translation and validation are a necessary process due to cross-cultural differences between English-speaking and Malay-speaking communities. The main aim of this study is to translate and identify the validity and reliability of the Toddler Sensory Profile 2- Malay version (TSP 2-M). This study involved four phases: (I) Forward and backward translations; (II) Content validation by an expert panel; (III) Pre-testing through cognitive interviews; (IV) Internal consistency of psychometric measure through a pilot study. The results showed that the Content Validity Index (I-CVI) for TSP 2-M ranged from . 88–1.0, while S-CVI/Ave was . 99 and S-CVI/UA was equal to . 89. The reliability of TSP 2-M was good with the Cronbach α coefficient . 92. The Cronbach α coefficients for each section and quadrant of the TSP 2-M ranged between . 66 and.87. Based on the results, this study provided preliminary support for the validity and reliability of the TSP 2-M in Malaysia.
Analysis of Determinants of Neonatal Mortality in Afar and Somalia Regions, Ethiopia

Background: Children face the highest risk of dying in their first month of life. Ethiopia is one of the sub-Saharan countries with highest newborn deaths. Afar and Somalia regions in Ethiopia are among the regions with high death rates of newborn children. This study aimed to analyse and identify determinants of neonatal mortality in Afar and Somalia regions, Ethiopia. Methods: This study used 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey data for the analysis. The multivariable logistic regression model was used to identify the significant determinants of neonatal mortality. Adjusted odds ratio with a 95% confidence interval and p-value < 0.05 in the multivariable logistic regression model was reported to declare the statistical significance and strength of association between neonatal mortality and determinants. Results: A total of 2567 newborn children were included in this study. Mortality rate among newborns in the first month was 41 per 1000 live births in Afar and Somalia regions. Health facility delivery (AOR: 0.634; 95% CI: 0.409–0.982), being female (AOR: 0.206; 95% CI: 0.073–0.528), multiple births (AOR: 3.958; 95% CI: 2.293–11.208), small size at birth (AOR: 1.208; 95% CI: 1.003–1.728), secondary and above educational level of mothers (AOR: 0.484; 95% CI: 0.294–0.797) were statistically significant determinants neonatal mortality. Conclusions: In this study, sex of child, place of delivery, birth type, size at birth, mother’s educational level were found to be statistically significant determinants of neonatal death in Afar and Somalia regions, Ethiopia. Mothers with no education should be given health education and institutional delivery should be encouraged to improve the survival of the neonates in Afar and Somalia regions, Ethiopia.
Solar Minimum Exospheric Neutral Density Near the Subsolar Magnetopause Estimated From the XMM Soft X‐Ray Observations on 12 November 2008

The Earth's magnetosheath and cusps emit soft X‐rays due to the charge exchange between highly charged solar wind ions and exospheric hydrogen atoms. The Lunar Environment Heliospheric X‐ray Imager and Solar wind Magnetosphere Ionosphere Link Explorer missions are scheduled to image the Earth's dayside magnetosphere system in soft X‐rays to investigate global‐scale magnetopause reconnection modes under varying solar wind conditions. The exospheric neutral hydrogen density distribution, especially the value of this density at the subsolar magnetopause is of particular interest for understanding X‐ray emissions near this boundary. This paper estimates the exospheric density during solar minimum using the X‐ray Multimirror Mission (XMM) astrophysics observatory. We selected an event on 12 November 2008 from the XMM data archive, which detects soft X‐rays of magnetosheath origin while solar wind and interplanetary magnetic field conditions are relatively constant. During the event the location of the magnetopause was measured in situ by the THEMIS mission, thus the location of the solar wind ions responsible for the magnetosheath emission is well constrained by observation. We estimated the exospheric density using the Open Geospace Global Circulation Model (OpenGGCM) and a spherically symmetric exosphere model. The ratio of the magnetosheath plasma flux between the OpenGGCM model and the THEMIS, was nearly 1, which means the magnetohydrodynamic model reasonably reproduces the magnetosheath plasma conditions. The OpenGGCM magnetosheath parameters were used to deconvolve soft X‐rays of exospheric origin from the XMM signal. The lower‐limit of the exospheric density of this solar minimum event is 36.8 ± 11.7 cm−3 at 10 RE subsolar location.
Beneficial Effects of the Very-Low-Calorie Ketogenic Diet on the Symptoms of Male Accessory Gland Inflammation

Introduction. Obesity exposes individuals to the risk of chronic inflammation of the prostate gland. Aim and design of the study. A longitudinal clinical study was conducted on selected overweight/obese patients with male accessory gland inflammation (MAGI) to evaluate the effects of body weight loss on their urogenital symptoms. Materials and methods. One hundred patients were selected and assigned to two groups undergoing two different nutritional programs. The first group (n = 50) started a Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) and the second (n = 50) a very-low-calorie ketogenic diet (VLCKD). Before and after three months on the diet, each patient was evaluated for body weight, waist circumference, and MAGI symptoms. The MAGI was assessed using the Structured Interview about MAGI (SI-MAGI), a questionnaire previously designed to assess the symptoms of MAGI. The questionnaire explores four domains, including urinary symptoms, ejaculatory pain or discomfort, sexual dysfunction, and impaired quality of life. Finally, in the two groups, the frequency of an α-blocker used to treat urinary tract symptoms was also evaluated. Results. Patients on MedDiet experienced significant amelioration in urinary symptoms and quality of life. Patients under VLCKD reported not only significant improvement of the same parameters, but also in ejaculatory pain/discomfort and sexual dysfunction. Finally, the percentage of patients on VLCKD taking the α-blocker decreased significantly. Moreover, patients under VLCKD showed a greater loss of body weight than those following the MedDiet. Discussion. The results of this study support the effectiveness of VLCKD in improving the symptoms of patients with MAGI. This improvement involved all of the domains of the SI-MAGI questionnaire and became manifest in a relatively short time. We suggest that a ketogenic nutritional approach can be used in overweight/obese patients with MAGI.
Analysis on diagnosis and treatments of 16 cases of extracranial malignant rhabdoid tumor in children

Background To explore the clinical features, treatment and early prognosis of malignant rhabdoid tumor (MRT) of kidney and extrarenal extracranial soft tissue in children. Methods From January 2011 to July 2021, a total of 16 patients, who were diagnosed with MRTs of the kidney and extrarenal soft tissue were retrospectively analyzed and were divided into MRT of the kidney (MRTK) and extrarenal extracranial MRT (EERT). Results Sixteen patients were followed up for at least 15 months. The overall average age of onset was (26.6±20.1 months), the 1-year overall survival (OS) of 71.4% at the age of ≥24 months was significantly higher than the 1-year OS (11.1%) <24 months of age [hazard ratio (HR) =0.21 (0.06–0.77), log-rank P=0.019<0.05]. The distant metastasis rate of children in the MRTK group (83.3%) is significantly higher than EERT group (20%) (P=0.017<0.05), and the proportion of children with lung metastasis in the MRTK group was as much as 83.3%, which was significantly higher than that in the EERT group (10%) (P<0.05), but the related metastases and primary tumors did not regress after radiotherapy and chemotherapy in all cases. In the MRTK group, 5 cases were completely excised, but only 1 survived; while 5 cases in the EERT group that were completely excised and all alive. Children with tumor total excision in EERT group had a 1-year OS of 100% as compared to children with tumor total excision in MRTK group had a 1-year OS of 20% [HR =0.07 (0.01–0.57), log-rank P=0.013<0.05]. The average survival time of dead cases in MRTK group and EERT group were 6.60±3.28 months and 1.40±0.65 months respectively (P=0.008<0.05). Conclusions Children with MRT under 2 years of age have significantly worse prognosis than children exceeding 2 years of age. MRTK is more prone to lung metastasis but has longer survival time, which is related to the R0 resection of the primary tumor. Children with EERT may have a better prognosis if the tumor can be completely resected with the impact of age. MRTK and EERT are both insensitive to radiotherapy and chemotherapy.
The diversity of native tree species from Bung Jagoi community forests, Bau, Sarawak and their potential for reforestation

ABSTRACT The study focuses on the diversity of native species from which can be selected potential species in Bung Jagoi community forests for reforestation. Multi-aged regeneration survey using nested plot design was carried out on four types of forest in Bung Jagoi community forests. The findings indicate that the intact and undisturbed primary forests are more diverse and hold a number of species with higher importance value than the disturbed forests. Bung Jagoi community forests also have abundant potential native species for reforestation.