Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The history of ocean basins

A mechanical load sensing arrangement is disposed at the buoy tow point and is coupled to the tow cable. This load sensing arrangement is mechanically displaced proportional to tensile loading of the cable. A mechanical stabilizer fin attitude control arrangement is interconnected between the stabilizer fin and the load sensing arrangement. The attitude control arrangement is responsive to the mechanical displacement of the load sensing arrangement to control the stabilizer fin to assume a low-lift attitude when the tensile loading exceeds a first given amount and to assume a normal lift attitude when the tensile loading is less than a second given amount, where the second given amount is less than the first given amount.
Disease-related information requirements in patients with crohn’s disease

Aim: To explore the demands for different disease-related information and the acceptance of various information sources in patients with Crohn’s disease (CD). Methods: This study included 159 patients with CD and was conducted from April 2017 to December 2017 in our hospital. We obtained the demographic characteristics of the patients and used the modified information demands questionnaire to assess patients’ disease information demands, covering 4 aspects which include general knowledge, fertility, clinical treatment, and daily management. Then, we analyzed the factors associated with the information demand. In addition, we studied the patients’ acceptance of different information sources. Results: The disease-related information demands of patients with CD are generally high. Female patients, young patients, and patients with plans to have children have significantly higher information demands concerning fertility. The information demands in clinical treatment are higher in young patients. Patients living in the countryside and patients with a short disease duration have high information demands concerning life management. The patients’ acceptance of different information sources is variable. Doctor-mediated guidance, brochures, and videos are the top 3 patient choices for information sources. Conclusion: Patients’ information demands concerning many aspects of CD are generally high. Certain demands are significantly associated with the demographic characteristics of the patients. Doctor-mediated guidance, brochures, and videos are the top 3 patient choices for information sources. Therefore, corresponding education programs can be developed to improve the physical and psychological health of CD patients in the future.
Title: Polyclonal HIV envelope-specific breast milk antibodies limit founder SHIV acquisition

226 words) 23 Vertical HIV-1 transmission via breastfeeding is the predominant contributor to pediatric 24 infections that are ongoing in this era of highly effective antiretroviral therapy (ART). 25 Remarkably, only ~10% of infants chronically exposed to the virus via breastfeeding from 26 untreated HIV-infected mothers become infected, suggesting the presence of naturally protective 27 factors in breast milk. HIV-specific maternal antibodies are obvious candidates as potential 28 contributors to this protection. This study assessed the protective capacity of common HIV 29 envelope-specific non-broadly neutralizing antibodies isolated from breast milk of HIV-infected 30 women in an infant rhesus monkey (RM), tier 2 SHIV oral challenge model. Prior to oral SHIV 31 challenge, infant RMs were i.v. infused with either a single weakly-neutralizing monoclonal 32 antibody (mAb), a tri-mAb cocktail with neutralizing and ADCC functionalities, or an anti33 influenza HA control mAb. Of these groups, the fewest tri-mAb-treated infants developed 34 plasma viremia (2/6, 3/6, and 6/8 animals viremic in tri-mAb, single-mAb, and control mAb 35 groups, respectively). Tri-mAb-treated infants demonstrated significantly fewer 36 transmitted/founder SHIV variants in plasma and decreased peripheral CD4+ T cell proviral 37 loads at 8 week post-challenge compared to control mAb-treated infants. Abortive infection was 38 observed as detectable CD4+ T cell provirus in non-viremic control mAband single-mAb-, but 39 not tri-mAb-treated animals. Taken together, these results support the potential viability of 40 maternal or infant vaccine strategies that elicit non-broadly neutralizing antibodies to prevent 41 vertical transmission of HIV through breastfeeding. 42 43 Importance (150 words) 44 . CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license a certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not this version posted June 3, 2017. ; https://doi.org/10.1101/145524 doi: bioRxiv preprint
: Bringing Participatory Design to Practical Application : The Interrelation between , LCD Projection , Facilitation , and Participatory Design-In Interactions

Typically, technical support for groups is discussed in terms of Group Decision Support Systems and Group Support Systems. Nevertheless, the diffusion of these technically sophisticated systems is rather low. This paper fertilizes a simpler technology for participatory design purposes namely LCD-projectors. LCD-projectors are used to project the content of a monitor on the wall to make it visible to all participants. A severe number of concrete projects – in which this technology was used on a professional basis – allow for an empirically profound presentation of the benefits of LCD-projection. As it is shown, LCD brings substantial advantages in terms of cost, time, structuring, and participation. Practical issues of application are discussed in detail.
Effect of spacing and pinching on flower production in marigold cv. Pusa Narangi Gainda in mid-hills of J&K state.

arigold (Tagetes erecta L.) a member of family Compositae, is very useful and easily grown flower of gardens. It is commercially grown for cut flowers and has exclusive use in religious and ceremonial functions. It is also grown as annual in pots and beds and blooms for many months in a year. So far as commercial cultivation of marigold is concerned, the climatic factors are beyond the control of human beings but growth, flowering and flower production of marigold can be improved to a large extent by the judicious use of fertilizers, appropriate planting distance, cultural operations and pinching etc. The economic yield is largely affected when plants are not planted at appropriate planting distance. Beside this, piching also plays an important role in plant growth and flowering production. Therefore, on farm trials were undertaken to assess, refine and standardize spacing and spacing for optimum flower yield with better flower quality in marigold cv. PUSA NARANGI GAINDA.
Consequences of early-life stress for microglia throughout life

Individuals exposed to early-life stress (ES) have an increased vulnerability to develop cognitive deficits and age-related diseases. Yet, the specific manner in which ES affects the brain is affected with aging is not well understood. As age-related cognitive decline may involve disruptions in neuroplasticity or inflammatory signaling, we here tested the hypothesis that ES would aggravate the age-induced decline in later cognition, hippocampal neuronal plasticity and inflammatory signaling in mice in C57BL/6J (wild type) mice. C57BL/6J mice were exposed to chronic ES from postnatal day (P)2 to P9 and tested at 19 months of age, for general exploratory behavior in the open field (OF) and for cognitive performance in the Morris water maze (MWM). Various additional physiological, hippocampal neuroplasticity and neuroinflammatory measures were determined in control (Ctrl) and ES mice at 20 months of age. In addition, we compared several of these parameters to young adult (4 months) and middle-aged (10 months) Ctrl and ES mice to address the trajectory of the age-related alterations for these factors. Exploratory behavior in the OF was not affected by ES. Neither did ES alter the average escape latency or probe trial performance in the MWM, although ES mice did exhibit a higher inter-individual variability in performance. We classified the Ctrl and ES mice as aged unimpaired (AU) and aged impaired (AI) learners with a faster or slower escape latency, respectively. This classification revealed that ES AU mice had a shorter escape latency when compared to ES AI mice, while the average escape latency of Ctrl AU mice was similar to Ctrl AI mice. Body weight, organ weigths and corticosterone levels of the mice were not affected by ES. In the brain, ES led to a lasting reduction in hippocampal volume. 20-month-old mice further showed a decline in neurogenesis in the hippocampus when compared to younger mice (4-10 months), but this was not altered by ES at either age. Also, mRNA expression of various synaptic markers at 20 months was not
Dynamics of Output Growth , Consumption and Physical Capital in Two-Sector Models of Endogenous Growth by

Diversity in the provision of the key public service of secondary education through different types of school is a feature of the English educational system. Much of this diversity has emanated from the distinctively different roles which Local Education Authorities have played in the development of the type of schooling for their areas. The 1944 Education Act described the resultant educational system as a 'national service locally delivered'. However, one aspect of this diversity, the continuing existence of grammar schools selecting an 'able' minority of pupils, remains a contested issue. Whereas over ninety percent of secondary age pupils are educated in 'comprehensive' schools, a few areas have retained selection of 'more able' pupils for grammar school education-along with its concomitant allocation of the others to secondary modern schools. Selective grammar schools have typically been given a high ranking in published league tables of schools' examination results, a fact which has led to claims that these schools offer the best education for pupils. The emergence of statistical techniques making more sophisticated comparisons between such schools and others has been the motivation of the present paper. It compares the performance of able pupils in grammar and other types of school using value-added techniques on a pupil-level basis using recently available national datasets. In addition it considers the performance of 'selective systems' of educational provision for all the pupils in selective areas , compared with what occurs in fully comprehensive systems of educational provision. The paper finds no evidence for the superiority of either grammar schools nor selective systems of educational provision; indeed any advantages appear to lie with those schools and systems organised on non-selective lines.
In silico Insights into Protein-Protein Interactions and Folding Dynamics of the Saposin-like Domain of Solanum tuberosum Aspartic Protease by Dref

IN SILICO INSIGHTS INTO PROTEIN-PROTEIN INTERACTIONS AND FOLDING DYNAMICS OF THE SAPOSIN-LIKE DOMAIN OF SOLANUM TUBEROSUM ASPARTIC PROTEASE Dref C. De Moura Advisors: University of Guelph, 2014 Professor R. Y. Yada Professor G. Harauz The plant-specific insert (PSI) domain from plant aspartic proteases is a member of the saposin-like protein (SAPLIP) family. The crystal structure of potato (Solanum tuberosum) PSI has been shown to exist in an open conformation that oligomerizes to form homodimers. There also exists a closed conformation observed in other SAPLIPs including barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) PSI. The present study investigates the mechanisms of tertiary and quaternary conformational changes of potato PSI in silico as a function of pH. Molecular dynamics simulations revealed that increasing pH of the system to physiological levels reduced the free energy barrier to dissociation of the homodimer. Principal component analysis indicated conformational changes at acidic and neutral pH, suggesting that monomeric PSI adopts a tertiary structure similar to the closed saposin-fold, presenting a potential new structural motif among SAPLIPs. This second PSI structure presents the first example of an alternative saposinfold motif for any SAPLIP member.
Terahertz characterization of propane hydrate

We measured the optical and dielectric properties of propane hydrate using THz spectroscopy with a cryostat enabling a temperature range of 20–240 K. An increase in the real parts of the parameters studied was observed with increasing temperatures and frequency, and an analysis showed a local maximum at around 4 THz. The imaginary parts of the optical and dielectric parameters are related mainly to infrared phonon absorption, and increase with both temperature and frequency. We found that the optical and dielectric properties of gas hydrates based on THz-TDS analysis can be discussed using an equation.
Paleofaunal and Environmental Research on Miocene Fossil Sites TVOR SE and TVOR S on Fort Polk, Louisiana, with Continued Survey, Collection, Processing, and Documentation of other Miocene Localities

Abstract : Focus of paleontological research on the Miocene of Fort Polk is currently the marine locality TVOR SE, which also has yielded large and small terrestrial Miocene vertebrates, and a single Cretaceous dinosaur tooth, reworked from older beds outside the local area. Other sites have continued to be productive. The two beautifully preserved tortoises from DISC have been identified as Hesperotudo. The first venomous snake from the Fort Polk Miocene is from TVOR. Sample sizes from screening have risen to levels which permit examination of variation. Copernys from Stonehenge form a single size cluster and the TVOR SE Copemys fall well within the range, so only one species can be recognized. New emphases of this phase of research has included more work on lower vertebrates, reevaluation of paleomagnetic dating with study of additional samples, production of short videos on the ancient animals, and a revision of the educational booklet for youngsters.
Denaturing high‐performance liquid chromatography: A review

Denaturing high‐performance liquid chromatography (DHPLC) compares two or more chromosomes as a mixture of denatured and reannealed PCR amplicons, revealing the presence of a mutation by the differential retention of homo‐ and heteroduplex DNA on reversed‐phase chromatography supports under partial denaturation. Temperature determines sensitivity, and its optimum can be predicted by computation. Single‐nucleotide substitutions, deletions, and insertions have been detected successfully by on‐line UV or fluorescence monitoring within 2–3 minutes in unpurified amplicons as large as 1.5 Kb. Sensitivity and specificity of DHPLC consistently exceed 96%. These features and its low cost make DHPLC one of the most powerful tools for the re‐sequencing of the human and other genomes. Aside from its application to the mutational analysis of candidate genes, DHPLC has proven instrumental in elucidating human evolution and in the mapping of genes. Employing completely denaturing conditions, the utility of DHPLC has been extended to the genotyping of known polymorphisms by utilizing the ability of poly(styrene‐divinylbenzene) to resolve single‐stranded DNA molecules of identical size that differ in a single base. Under completely denaturing conditions, it is thus possible to resolve all possible base substitutions with the single exception of C→G transversions. Improvements in throughput became feasible with the recent introduction of monolithic poly(styrene‐divinylbenzene) capillaries that lend themselves to the fabrication of arrays connected to a multi‐color laser induced fluorescence scanner or a mass spectrometer. Hum Mutat 17:439–474, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The Staggered DG Method is the Limit of a Hybridizable DG Method

We show, in the framework of steady-state diffusion boundary-value problems, that the staggered discontinuous Galerkin (SDG) method [SIAM J. Numer. Anal. , 47 (2009), pp. 3820--3848] can be obtained from a hybridizable discontinuous Galerkin (HDG) method [SIAM J. Numer. Anal. , 47 (2009), pp. 1319--1365] by setting its stabilization function to zero at some suitably chosen element faces and by letting it go to infinity at all the remaining others. We then show that this point of view allows the SDG method to immediately acquire new properties all inherited from the HDG methods, namely, their efficient implementation (by hybridization), their postprocessings, and their superconvergence properties.
Understanding Machine Learning - From Theory to Algorithms

Machine learning is one of the fastest growing areas of computer science, with far-reaching applications. The aim of this textbook is to introduce machine learning, and the algorithmic paradigms it offers, in a principled way. The book provides an extensive theoretical account of the fundamental ideas underlying machine learning and the mathematical derivations that transform these principles into practical algorithms. Following a presentation of the basics of the field, the book covers a wide array of central topics that have not been addressed by previous textbooks. These include a discussion of the computational complexity of learning and the concepts of convexity and stability ; important algorithmic paradigms including stochastic gradient descent, neural networks, and structured output learning ; and emerging theoretical concepts such as the PACBayes approach and compression-based bounds. Designed for an advanced undergraduate or beginning graduate course, the text makes the fundamentals and algorithms of machine learning accessible to students and nonexpert readers in statistics, computer science, mathematics, and engineering.
Tropical intersection theory and surfaces

Cette these developpe les techniques de la theorie d'intersection tropicale et les appliques particulierement aux surfaces. On definit un produit d’intersection sur les cycles tropicaux contenus dans des eventails matroidaux qui s'etend a la plupart des intersections dans les varietes tropicales lisses. Ensuite dans le cas des surfaces on decrit les intersections au bord d'une variete tropicale et les intersections de (1, 1)-cycles. On present la somme tropicale, qui est une technique pour construire les nouvelles surfaces et montre que l'egalite de Noether est preservee par la somme tropicale et les modifications tropicales. Finalement on decouvre des obstructions locales pour l'approximation des courbes tropicales dans les surfaces en utilisant la theorie d'intersection.
CARBON DIOXIDE EMISSION IN LAND USE TRANSITIONS TO PLANTATION

Carbon dioxide emission assessment associated with land use transitions to agriculture is important for designing strategies in reducing green house gas emission. Net CO 2 emissions is the sum of 1) the above ground biomass C loss of the initial land use because of land clearing, 2) the above ground C accumulation by the subsequent plantation crops, 3) soil organic matter decomposition, and 4) soil organic C burning if land management or land clearing involves fire. For mineral soils, in most cases, conversion of primary and secondary forests with time average C stocks of about 300 and 132 t/ha, respectively, results in a net C emission. However, if shrub or Imperata grassland, with respective C stocks of 15 and 2 t/ha is rehabilitated to plantation, it generally results in a net C sequestration. For peat soil, CO 2 emission is caused by peat decomposition, peat burning (if any), and the aboveground C decomposition and/or burning. Rehabilitating peat shrub (with assumed C stock of about 15 t/ha and average drainage depth of 40 cm) instead of clearing peat forest (with assumed C stock of about 200 t/ha and drainage depth of 0) for agriculture reduces CO 2 emissions of about 862 t CO 2 -e/ha/25 year (34 t CO 2 -e/ha/year) because of substantial reduction in the plant biomass and possible peat soil carbon loss due to burning. Peat shrub remains as peat shrub emits about 22 t CO 2 -e/ha/year. If peat shrub is rehabilitated to paddy field, rubber plantation or oil palm plantation, the emission levels become 11, 7, and 30 t CO 2 -e/ha/year, respectively. This means that rehabilitating peat shrub to paddy field or rubber plantation, results in net emission reduction of 11 and 15 t CO 2 -e/ha/year, respectively, whereas rehabilitating it to oil palm plantation increases net emission of only 8 t CO 2 -e/ha/year, relative to leaving the peat shrub as is. Therefore, new plantation development should be prioritized on mineral soils’ shrub and Imperata grasslands or on peat shrub as these conversions, in most cases, result in the net CO 2 sequestration and potentially improve the livelihood of the communities.
Testing an integrative theoretical model of knowledge-sharing behavior in the context of Wikipedia

This study explores how and why people participate in collaborative knowledge-building practices in the context of Wikipedia. Based on a survey of 223 Wikipedi-ans, this study examines the relationship between motivations, internal cognitive beliefs, social-relational factors, and knowledge-sharing intentions. Results from structural equation modeling (SEM) analysis reveal that attitudes, knowledge self-efﬁcacy, and a basic norm of generalized reciprocity have signiﬁcant and direct relationships with knowledge-sharing intentions. Altru-ism (an intrinsic motivator) is positively related to attitudes toward knowledge sharing, whereas reputation (an extrinsic motivator) is not a signiﬁcant predictor of attitude. The study also reveals that a social-relational factor, namely, a sense of belonging, is related to knowledge-sharing intentions indirectly through different motivational and social factors such as altruism, subjective norms, knowledge self-efﬁcacy, and generalized reciprocity. Implications for future research and practice are discussed.
Asymptotic constancy for a differential equation with multiple state-dependent delays

In this paper, we investigate the asymptotic behavior of solutions to a differential equation with multiple state-dependent delays. It is shown that every bounded solution of such an equation tends to a constant as t → ∞. Our results improve and extend some corresponding ones already known. © 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.