Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Innovation Constraints : R & D role in Successful Innovation & Performance : A Literature Review

Sundry views have enriched academic literature on the impossibility of divorce between innovation and research & development. A deeper understanding of the innovation constraints, research and development role in providing successful innovation and the corresponding relations to firm performance and economic growth has provoked this research. This desk study utilized qualitative data collected from extensive literature review and allowed for a robust discourse. Findings revealed that an obvious significant relationship exists between research and development, innovation, firms’ performance and economic growth. The study concludes along the lines of the RBV model for the adoption of unique resources with intentional research and development activities to provide the expected Schumpeter’s creative destructive products. The use of this blue ocean strategy will provide new market visibility, gain competitive advantage and eventually result to above average returns of the firm in the long run.
Towards explanations of stability and dynamics in modes of environmental governance: a framework and examples from water governance in The Netherlands

Various authors observe shifts in modes of environmental governance or propagate new modes of environmental governance. However, it often remains implicit what exactly constitutes such shifts and what causes them. Many explanatory studies found in literature contain weaknesses both in terms of conceptualising the explanandum and considering a correct and complete overview of potential explanatory factors. To address this gap, this paper presents a meta-framework for explaining stability and dynamics in modes of environmental governance, based on a review of recent literature from the fields of policy sciences and environmental governance. The framework provides guidance on how ‘stability’ and ‘dynamics’ in modes of environmental governance may be conceptualised and subsequently introduces five types of explanatory factors and their possible interrelationships: physical circumstances, infrastructures, structural factors, characteristics of agency and shock events. The paper uses empirical examples from Dutch water governance showing that each explanatory factor may contribute to dynamics and stability in modes of environmental governance. This finding reconfirms and further specifies our observed need for comparative and explanatory empirical studies. The paper concludes with a research agenda, specifying the next steps to be taken in this respect.
Economic consequences of globalisation: case study of Thailand

The paper reviews empirical works examining the effect of globalisation in Thailand, beginning with a discussion of its integration into the economy. Three drivers of economic globalisation are emphasised: international trade, foreign direct investment, and cross-border labour mobility. The findings point to globalisation’s potential to create a favourable economic impact. Opening up to international trade could promote productivity and drive economic growth. Large foreign direct investment inflows enticed by export-oriented industrialisation are likely to generate horizontal technological spillovers within a given industry; vertical spillovers through the linkages were not a robust result. There is no evidence that employing foreign workers retards firm productivity; rather, the opposite is the case. Wellperforming firms are in a position to attract foreign workers and maintain production capacity. Global production sharing (GPS) does not necessarily mean the participating countries are trapped at the low end of the quality ladder. The Thai experience supports the case for further globalising its economy. Any possible side effects of globalisation can be mitigated by other policies such as strengthening the social safety net.
Intertidal Life-History of the Rock Gunnel, Pholis gunnellus, in the Western Atlantic

Intertidal populations of Pholis gunnellus from the Bay of Fundy, southern Maine and New Hampshire coasts were investigated. Data gathered were compared, in part, with information published by Qasim (1957) who studied the same species in Wales. Small crustaceans make up 75% of the rock gunnels' food on both sides of the Atlantic. Growth rates of specimens collected in southern Maine, New Hampshire, and Wales were comparable. Threeand four-year-old fish attained lengths of about 130 mm and 150 mm respectively on both sides of the Atlantic. Pholis from the Bay of Fundy grew more slowly. Spawning was found to occur at approximately the same time on both sides of the Atlantic. However, Pholis on the North American coast leave the intertidal area about 1 December and do not return until early March. Spawning occurs during this period while they are below the low tide mark. Individuals on the east side of the Atlantic disappear from the intertidal zone only during December. In contrast, the egg masses of those populations are collected frequently in the intertidal area.
Developing a Takaful Property Framework for Small and Medium Enterprises

Malaysia has been hit by massive floods at the end of 2014. During that time, almost 70% of SME investments in the form of equipment, machinery, inventory and finished stocks were completely destroyed. Is there a comprehensive Takaful protection scheme that could have covered the SME’s property in times of disaster such as floods? Hence, this study took the initiative to formulate a comprehensive framework for Takaful property schemes with the intention of protecting SMEs’ assets in times of floods. This study used both the qualitative and quantitative methods. Based on a survey of 251 SMEs, 88.5% stated that they lost between RM1, 000 and RM30, 000 in the form of tangible assets such as equipment, machinery and inventory, which directly impeded their business recovery process. Focus group discussions (FGD) involving 16 participants representing 6 agencies had in principle agreed to the SME-ART scheme suggested by the © researchers. This study suggested that the government formulate legislative policies to enable the implementation of the SME-ART scheme through KPDNKK, SSM and SMECorp and make it mandatory for © SMEs to take Takaful policies before renewing their business licenses.
Synopsis of the Economic Species of Trogoderma Occurring in the United States with Description of a New Species (Coleoptera: Dermestidae)

The recent introduction into the United States of the Khapra beetle, Trogoderma granarium Everts, a serious pest of granaries, necessitates a review of those species with which it might be confused and requires a revision of the existing keys to the nearctic species of the genus. Although the species is adequately described by Hinton (1945) and others, it is difficult to separate from some other nearctic species. Particularly is this true of its immature stages. My hope is that the keys and discussion which follow will simplify its identification, particularly for the worker not specializing in the taxonomy of the group.
Dysregulation of tryptophan catabolism at the host-skin microbiota interface in hidradenitis suppurativa

Hidradenitis Suppurativa (HS) is a chronic skin disorder of unknown etiology that manifests as recurrent, painful lesions. Cutaneous dysbiosis and unresolved inflammation are hallmarks of active HS, but their origin and interplay remain unclear. Our metabolomic profiling of HS skin revealed an abnormal induction of the kynurenine pathway (KP) of tryptophan catabolism in dermal fibroblasts correlating with the release of KP-inducing cytokines by inflammatory cell infiltrates. Notably, over-activation of the KP in lesional skin was associated with local and systemic depletion in tryptophan. Yet the skin microbiota normally degrades host tryptophan into indoles regulating tissue inflammation via engagement of the Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor (AHR). In HS skin lesions, we detected contextual defects in AHR activation coinciding with impaired production of bacteria-derived AHR agonists and decreased incidence of AHR ligand-producing bacteria in the resident flora. Dysregulation of tryptophan catabolism at the skin-microbiota interface thus provides a mechanism linking the immunological and microbiological features of HS lesions. In addition to revealing metabolic alterations in HS patients, our study suggests that correcting AHR signaling would help restore immune homeostasis in HS skin.
Effects of Change of Characters and of Number of Characters in Numerical Taxonomy

Information on 214 morphological characters for 30 taxospecies of the genus Salix, willows, was obtained. Ten analyses were made using different subsets of these characters. The purpose of these analyses was to determine whether different analyses yield different results. Each analysis used the same coefficient of distance in Eu,clidean space to obtain similarities among the taxospecies. The unweighted pair group method (averages) was, used for cluster analysis. Results reveal different clusters of taxospecies with each analysis, although certain groups remained invariant in most of the analyses. In the absence of other information, those analyses using all available data are judged to estimate best the phenetic relationships among taxospecies in the context of all possible characters. The potential value of numerical taxonomy in biosystematics is indicated by its ability to, serve as an efficient context for the generation of hypotheses of biosystematic value. INTRODUCTION Crovello, (1968a) investigated the effect of change of number of OTU's (operational taxonomic units; see Sokal and Sneath, 1963) on the results of clustering in numerical taxonomy. I found a significant effect, which motivated the present study. The purpose of the present paper is to investigate the effect of change of characters and of number of characters in numerical taxonomy. Katz and Torres (1965) carried out an analogous study but they varied the statistical index. In zoology Boyce (1964), Minkoff (1965), Michener and Sokal (1966), and Ehrlich and Ehrlich (1967) have made somewhat similar analyses. The present investigation will also, serve as a test of the hypotheses of nonspecificity and of the matches asymptotes (Sokal and Sneath, 1963). The primary concern of the present study is analysis of part of the methodology of numerical taxonomy to, ascertain its value for plant systematics. The particular species used in the present study serve as a context in which results of the different taximetric analyses can be observed. Although increased knowledge about these species is a natural by-product, the evaluation of the present results in terms of formal taxonomy for the group, is the subject of another paper. MATERIAL AND METHODS Crovello (1966) obtained data on the willows of California as a by-product of a study of the taxonomy of section Sitchenses of the genus Salix. Measurements were made on 372 plants representing the 30 taxospecies of the genus Salix in California. The total number of morphological characters measured was 214. Details of sampling and of the methods of character state coding can be found in Crovello (1966, 1968b). Table 1 lists the 30 taxospecies of California recog-
Response of invasive weedMikania micrantha to insect feeding

As an invasive plant, Mikania micrantha has lost the natural enemy of the country of origin in its invasion, but it will face the feeding of omnivorous insects. In order to explore the anti-insect-feeding defense strategy, M. micrantha with insect-feeding (IF) and non-insect-feeding (NIF) were selected as research materials. Results showed that contents of the defense substances were significantly higher in IF. However, net photosynthetic rate of IF leaves was significantly lower. As nutrient, the contents of sugar and protein were significantly lower in IF. Furthermore, the content of signal matter with indirect defense also increased significantly in IF. In addition, the expression of FLOWERING LOCUS T gene was up-regulated significantly in the IF M. micrantha, and it showed early flowering. Our results indicated that under insects feeding stress, M. micrantha can synthesize direct and indirect defense materials, and adopt the response strategy of early flowering.
Population Structure of Juniperus indica Bertol. along Elevation Gradient in Manang, Trans-Himalayas Nepal

Elevation gradients are complex involving different co-varying factors that influence plant population structure. Along the elevation gradient, subalpine forests are highly vulnerable to natural variation in climate as well as are also under high anthropogenic pressure. The present study aims to study habitat characteristics and regeneration status based on population structure of Juniperus indica, a common and highly useful species, along elevation gradient in Manang, north-central Nepal. The distribution range was divided into lower(3350-3580 m), mid(3650-3880 m) and higher(3950-4250 m) elevation bands, where populations were sampled in a total of 54 plots (18 plots per band) of 10 m x 10 m size. In each plot, we recorded aspect, slope and associated species, and number of individuals of studied species classified into seedling, juvenile and adult; and trunk diameter of adult individuals. Altogether, 88 plant species were identified. Plots in the lowerand mid-elevation bands mostly comprised woody shrubs, whereas herbaceous species dominated the higher-elevation band. Mid-elevation band tended to show highest density of seedlings and juveniles, but adult density was high in the plots at lower-elevation band. J. indica exhibited almost similar population structure in three bands, with high contribution of juveniles than seedlings and adults. Density-diameter curve was reverse J-shaped, indicating continuous regeneration. Population density is influenced differently by the variations in elevation. J. indica in Manang exhibits successful regeneration despite harsh ecological conditions and anthropogenic pressure.
Investigating Human Agency and Self-Efficacy: The Case of Iranian EFL Learners

Heavily influenced by the proposed claims concerning the close interconnection of self-efficacy, motivation and learning strategies, the current study was conducted to investigate the possible differences among EFL learners with high and low levels of self-efficacy in terms of learning strategies and motivation. The addressed issues are almost exclusively involved in identification of one’s agency to form one’s identity in a language learning context. Thus, the purpose of the present investigation was finding alternative ways for addressing language learners’ learning needs. The results of the analyses indicated equal percentages of low and high levels of general self-efficacy among the learners and slightly higher degrees of high language self-efficacy compared to its low levels. Besides, analysis of the learners with high and low levels of selfefficacy (both language and general self-efficacy) indicated no significant differences in terms of learning motivation and strategy use. However, the results suggested learners’ significantly higher degrees of language self-efficacy than their general self-efficacy.
Satellite-observed monthly glacier and snow mass changes in southeast Tibet: implication for substantial meltwater contribution to the Brahmaputra

Abstract. High-Asia glaciers have been observed to be retreating the fastest in the southeastern Tibet Plateau (SETP), where vast numbers of glaciers and amounts of snow feed the streamflow of the Brahmaputra, a transboundary river linking the world's two most populous countries, China and India. However, the low temporal resolutions in previous observations of glacier and snow (GS) mass balance obscured the seasonal accumulation–ablation variations, and their modelling estimates were divergent. Here we use monthly satellite gravimetry observations from August 2002 to June 2017 to estimate GS mass variation in the SETP. We find that the “spring-accumulation-type” glaciers and snow in the SETP reach their maximum in May. This is in stark contrast to seasonal variations in terrestrial water storage, which is controlled by summer precipitation and reaches the maximum in August. These two seasonal variations are mutually orthogonal and can be easily separated in time-variable gravity observations. Our GS mass balance results show a long-term trend of -6.5±0.8 Gt yr−1 (or 0.67±0.08 m w.e. yr−1) and annual mass decreases ranging from −49.3 to −78.3 Gt with an average of -64.5±8.9 Gt in the SETP between August 2002 and June 2017. The contribution of summer meltwater to the Brahmaputra streamflow is estimated to be 51±9 Gt. This result could help to resolve previous divergent modelling estimates and underlines the importance of meltwater to the Brahmaputra streamflow. The high sensitivity between GS melting and temperature on both annual and monthly scales suggests that the Brahmaputra will suffer from not only changes in total annual discharge but also an earlier runoff peak due to ongoing global warming.
Individual and organizational factors’ effect on knowledge sharing behavior

This paper aims to assess the impact of individual factors (interpersonal trust, individual attitude, perceived benefit/costs, and individual self efficacy) and organizational factors (management support, incentives/reward, leadership, and organizational culture) on knowledge sharing intention and their impact to knowledge sharing behavior. The data were obtained by using questionnaires distributed to all researchers and staffs at Cancer Research Center C-Tech Labs Edwar Technology with 100 samples taken. This research center is the only Lab Cancer in Indonesia. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) analysis was used to ascertain the proposed relationship. The present study found that four dimensions of individual factors (interpersonal trust, individual attitude, perceived benefit/costs, and self-efficacy) and four dimensions of organizational factors (management support, incentives/reward, leadership, and organizational culture) were significantly related to knowledge sharing intention and they mediate to knowledge sharing behavior.
Mechanisms of decadal changes in sea surface height and heat content in the eastern Nordic Seas

Abstract. The Nordic Seas constitute the main ocean conveyor of heat between the North Atlantic Ocean and the Arctic Ocean. Although the decadal variability in the subpolar North Atlantic has been given significant attention lately, especially regarding the cooling trend since the mid-2000s, less is known about the potential connection downstream in the northern basins. Using sea surface heights from satellite altimetry over the past 25 years (1993–2017), we find significant variability on multiyear to decadal timescales in the Nordic Seas. In particular, the regional trends in sea surface height show signs of a weakening since the mid-2000s, as compared to the rapid increase in the preceding decade since the early 1990s. This change is most prominent in the Atlantic origin waters in the eastern Nordic Seas and is closely linked, as estimated from hydrography, to heat content. Furthermore, we formulate a simple heat budget for the eastern Nordic Seas to discuss the relative importance of local and remote sources of variability; advection of temperature anomalies in the Atlantic inflow is found to be the main mechanism. A conceptual model of ocean heat convergence, with only upstream temperature measurements at the inflow to the Nordic Seas as input, is able to reproduce key aspects of the decadal variability in the heat content of the Nordic Seas. Based on these results, we argue that there is a strong connection with the upstream subpolar North Atlantic. However, although the shift in trends in the mid-2000s is coincident in the Nordic Seas and the subpolar North Atlantic, the eastern Nordic Seas have not seen a reversal of trends but instead maintain elevated sea surface heights and heat content in the recent decade considered here.
Resistance of Sunflower Species to the Western Potato Leafhopper

Twenty-nine species of sunflower ( Helianthus ) and Viguiera porteri (Gray) Blake were evaluated in the laboratory for resistance to the western potato leafhopper, Empoasca abrupta DeLong. Leafhopper development was significantly (5% level) prolonged and survival was significantly decreased on most of the Helianthus species than on cultivated H. annuus L. , hybrid variety 896 when plants were initially colonized by nymphs. Colonization of plants by adult leafhoppers resulted in significantly smaller (10% level) populations on 14 Helianthus species but significantly larger populations on 3 Helianthus species than on hybrid 896 1 month after the initial infestation. Injury to plants of most Helianthus species ranged from no symptoms to moderate chlorosis 7 days after infestation, but plants of 20 species exhibited moderate chlorosis to wilting after 1 month. Eight of the resistant Helianthus species could be utilized as a source of leafhopper resistance in cultivated sunflower quite readily because of their crossing compatibility.
Physicians intention to leave from malaysia government hospitals with existing retention strategy.

Background: Healthcare professionals or physicians are important assets for health institutions in ensuring optimum delivery of healthcare to the people. Job satisfaction in various aspects including daily tasks, responsibilities and other duties will indirectly provide high productivity to an organization as well as ensuring a conducive working environment and reducing the resignation rates. Resignation rate trends among physicians in Malaysia ranged from 6.4% in 2000 to 3.5% in 2016. The introduction of Full Paying Patient services in Ministry of Health hospitals in 2007 somewhat contributed to the reduction in resignation rate of physicians. The purpose of this research is to assess this retention strategy implemented in Ministry of Health in achieving one of its objectives (to retain physicians). The assessment will help gain a better understanding of the complexities involved to assist policymakers in establishing good policies and guidelines to reduce the rate of resignation among physicians in the government hospitals and ultimately ensure a sustainable national health system. Methods: This is a cross sectional study involving simple randomly sampled physicians from the daily attendance list in pioneered Ministry of Health hospitals offering Full Paying Patient services. The study using quantitative methods in the form of structured questionnaires that are often used to measure the level of job satisfaction (Minnesota Satisfaction Questionnaire-short form). Results: Intention to leave found in 46.8% of respondents though the findings of this study do not statistically significant (p value of 0.437) which indicates that there are other factors involve. However, job satisfaction towards governance and work processes at workplace are turned out to be associated with intention to leave among physicians in Malaysia government hospitals (p value less than 0.05). monitoring of its effectiveness together with research on factors that motivate health workers in order to Conclusions: Full Paying Patient services must be accompanied by continuous assessment as well as adapt and adjust the benefit packages that sensitive towards the changing needs and desires of the workforce.
Revisiting Binding in Turkish-Dutch Bilingual Children: Comprehension and Production

Citation for published version (APA): van Koert, M. , Koeneman, O. , Hulk, A. , & Weerman, F. (2016). Revisiting Binding in Turkish-Dutch Bilingual Children: Comprehension and Production. In D. Stringer, J. Garret, B. Halloran, & S. Mossman (Eds.), Proceedings of the 13th Generative Approaches to Second Language Acquisition Conference (GASLA 2015) (pp. 80-94). Somerville: Cascadilla Proceedings Project.