Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Using Computer Vision to Track Facial Color Changes and Predict Heart Rate

The current technological advances have pushed the quantification of exercise intensity to new era of physical exercise sciences. Monitoring physical exercise is essential in the process of planning, applying, and controlling loads for performance optimization and health. A lot of research studies applied various statistical approaches to estimate various physiological indices, to our knowledge, no studies found to investigate the relationship of facial color changes and increased exercise intensity. The aim of this study was to develop a non-contact method based on computer vision to determine the heart rate and, ultimately, the exercise intensity. The method was based on analyzing facial color changes during exercise by using RGB, HSV, YCbCr, Lab, and YUV color models. Nine university students participated in the study (mean age = 26.88 ± 6.01 years, mean weight = 72.56 ± 14.27 kg, mean height = 172.88 ± 12.04 cm, six males and three females, and all white Caucasian). The data analyses were carried out separately for each participant (personalized model) as well as all the participants at a time (universal model). The multiple auto regressions, and a multiple polynomial regression model were designed to predict maximum heart rate percentage (maxHR%) from each color models. The results were analyzed and evaluated using Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), F-values, and R-square. The multiple polynomial regression using all participants exhibits the best accuracy with RMSE of 6.75 (R-square = 0.78). Exercise prescription and monitoring can benefit from the use of these methods, for example, to optimize the process of online monitoring, without having the need to use any other instrumentation.
Engagement in Primary Prevention Program among Rural Veterans With Osteoporosis Risk

A primary osteoporosis prevention program using a virtual bone health team (BHT) was implemented to comanage the care of rural veterans in the Mountain West region of the United States. The BHT identified, screened, and treated rural veterans at risk for osteoporosis using telephone and United States Postal Service communications. Eligibility was determined by regular use of Veterans Health Administration primary care, age 50 or older, and evidence of fracture risk. This study was conducted to identify demographic and clinical factors associated with the acceptance of osteoporosis screening and the initiation of medication where indicated. A cross‐sectional cohort design (N = 6985) was utilized with a generalized estimating equation and logit link function to account for facility‐level clustering. Fully saturated and reduced models were fitted using backward selection. Less than a quarter of eligible veterans enrolled in BHT's program and completed screening. Factors associated with a lower likelihood of clinic enrollment included being of older age, unmarried, greater distance from VHA services, having a copayment, prior fracture, or history of rheumatoid arthritis. A majority of veterans with treatment indication started medication therapy (N = 453). In this subpopulation, Fisher's exact test showed a significant association between osteoporosis treatment uptake and a history of two or more falls in the prior year, self‐reported parental history of fracture, current smoking, and weight‐bearing exercise. The BHT was designed to reduce barriers to screening; however, for this population cost and travel continue to limit engagement. The remarkable rate of medication initiation notwithstanding, low enrollment reduces the impact of this primary prevention program, and findings pertaining to fracture, smoking, and exercise imply that health beliefs are an important contributing factor. Efforts to identify and address barriers to osteoporosis screening and treatment, such as clinical factors, social determinants of health, and health beliefs, may pave the way for effective implementation of population bone health care delivery systems. Published 2022. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
The current status and surgical outcome of the minimally invasive techniques for lumbar interbody fusion in India: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Objective: The global shift of trends to minimally invasive spine (MIS) surgery for lumbar degenerative diseases has become prominent in India for few decades. We aimed to assess the current status of MIS techniques for lumbar interbody fusion and their surgical outcomes in the Indian population. Materials and Methods: A systematic review (following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis guidelines) was performed using PubMed and Google Scholar till November 2020. The primary (visual analog scale [VAS] and oswestry disability index [ODI] scores; intraoperative blood loss; duration of surgery; duration of hospital stay, and fusion rate) and secondary (wound-associated complications and dural tear/cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak) outcomes were analyzed using Review Manager 5.4 software. Results: A total of 15 studies comprising a total of 1318 patients were included for analysis. The pooled mean of follow-up duration was 26.64 ± 8.43 months (range 5.7–36.5 months). Degenerative spondylolisthesis of Myerding grade I/II was the most common indication, followed by lytic listhesis, herniated prolapsed disc, and lumbar canal stenosis. The calculated pooled standard mean difference (SMD) suggested a significant decrease in postoperative ODI scores (SMD = 5.53, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 3.77–7.29; P < 0.01) and VAS scores (SMD = 6.50, 95% CI = 4.6–8.4; P < 0.01). The pooled mean blood loss, duration of postoperative hospital stay, duration of surgery, and fusion rate were 127.75 ± 52.79 mL, 4.78 ± 3.88 days, 178.59 ± 38.69 min, and 97.53% ± 2.69%, respectively. A total of 334 adverse events were recorded in 1318 patients, giving a complication rate of 25.34%. Conclusions: Minimally invasive transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF) is the most common minimally invasive technique employed for lumbar interbody fusion in India, while oblique lumbar interbody fusion is in the initial stages. The surgical and outcome-related factors improved significantly after MIS LIF in the Indian population.
The Effect of Future-Tense Referencing on Pro-Environmental Behavior

Can the way a language encodes time influence speakers’ pro-environmental behavior? In a controlled experimental setting, we take advantage of a linguistic feature of the German language that allows speakers to use either the present or future tense when referring to an event in the future. Depending on the treatment, participants read a text about the possible negative future impacts of climate change written in either the present or future tense. Subsequently, we measured pro-environmental behavior using an incentivized task that represents a trade-off between individual short-term financial rewards and long-term environmental gains. The results reveal a positive effect of future tense marking on pro-environmental behavior. We discuss potential mechanisms that explain why future-time referencing might affect individual proenvironmental behavior.
Numerical Simulations of Transition due to Isolated Roughness Elements at Mach 6

An accurate prediction of transition onset behind an isolated roughness element has not yet been established. This is particularly important in hypersonic flow, where transition is accompanied by increased surface heating. In the present contribution, a number of direct numerical simulations have been performed of a Mach 6 boundary layer over a flat plate with isolated roughness elements. The effects of roughness shape, planform, ramps, and freestream disturbance levels on instability growth and transition onset are investigated. It is found that the frontal shape has a large effect on the transition onset, which is in agreement with previous studies, whereas the roughness element planform has a marginal influence. A new result is that the roughness shape in the streamwise direction (in particular, the aft section) is also an important characteristic, since an element with a ramped-down aft section allows the detached shear layer to spread out and weaken, leading to a lower instability growth rate. Above .
Infrared Observations of Ongoing Star Formation in the 30 Doradus Nebula and a Comparison with Hubble Space Telescope WFPC2 Images

Intercomparisons of ground-based IR continuum and H2 images with Hubble Space Telescope WFPC2 images of the 30 Dor Nebula reveal detailed structural relationships, which provide new information about current star formation there. Numerous stellar IR sources have been discovered in or near the bright nebular filaments west and northeast of R136; their locations are intimately connected with the nebular microstructures, as well as with early O stars in dense nebular knots whose optical spectral classifications indicate extreme youth. The H2 emission predominates in the dust clouds beyond the bright nebulosity and IR sources with respect to R136. The emerging picture suggests that a new stellar generation is being triggered by the energetic activity of the massive central cluster in the remanent interstellar material around its periphery. 30 Dor will likely evolve into a giant shell H II region similar to N11 in the LMC, containing an older association inside an evacuated central cavity, which is surrounded by H II regions ionized by a younger population. Such "two-stage starbursts" may be characteristic of massive-star formation on this scale.
PENGARUH JANGKA WAKTU, SUKU BUNGA DAN JAMINAN PINJAMAN TERHADAP BESARNYA KREDIT MACET

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh jangka waktu, suku bunga dan jaminan pinjaman terhadap besarnya kredit macet pada PT. Bank Sumut KCP Setia Budi Medan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif. Populasi dalam penelitian yaitu nasabah kredit macet pada periode 2018-2020 sebanyak 263 kredit macet. Sampel penelitian 109 kredit macet yang ditentukan dengan rumus Isaac dan Michael. Metode pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan melihat dokumen di PT. Bank Sumut KCP Setia Budi Medan. Metode analisis data yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah regresi linier berganda. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan secara parsial jangka waktu, suku Bunga dan jaminan pinjaman berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap besarnya kredit macet. Secara simultan jangka waktu, suku bunga dan jaminan pinjaman berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap besarnya kredit macet. Pada pengujian koefisien determinasi adjusted R square sebesar 82.8% variabel besarnya kredit macet dipengaruhi jangka waktu,suku bunga dan jaminan pinjaman.
Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Breast Cancer Stage at Diagnosis in a Regional Cancer Center in Poland between 2019 and 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic had a negative effect on oncology healthcare services in Poland, with a reduction in the national breast cancer (BC) screening program coverage rates. This article analyzes the impact of the pandemic on BC stage at diagnosis in a regional cancer center in Poland. Records from BC multidisciplinary team (MDT) meetings that took place in the years 2019–2021 were gathered. BC clinical staging was compared. Age-related subgroups were additionally analyzed to reflect possible screening program disruptions. The total number of BC cases fell by 8% in 2020 compared with 2019, with a 14% fall in the screening age group. In 2021, a stage shift was observed, with stage II BC becoming most frequently diagnosed (as opposed to stage I BC in 2019 and 2020). A statistically significant increase in the number of stage III BC cases was observed in 2021.
Special AT-rich sequence-binding protein 2 (SATB2) in the differential diagnosis of osteogenic and non-osteogenic bone and soft tissue tumors

Background The diagnosis of osteosarcoma (OSA) depends on clinicopathological and radiological correlation. A biopsy is considered the gold standard for OSA diagnosis. However, since OSA is a great histological mimicker, diagnostic challenges exist. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) can serve as an adjunct for the histological diagnosis of OSA. Special AT-rich sequence-binding protein 2 (SATB2) was recently described as a reliable adjunct immunohistochemical marker for the diagnosis of OSA. Methods We investigated the IHC expression of SATB2 in 95 OSA and 100 non-osteogenic bone and soft tissue tumors using a monoclonal antibody (clone EPNCIR30A). The diagnostic utility of SATB2 and correlation with clinicopathological parameters were analyzed. Results SATB2 IHC was positive in 88 out of 95 cases (92.6%) of OSA and 50 out of 100 cases (50.0%) of primary non-osteogenic bone and soft tissue tumors. Of the 59 bone tumors, 37 cases (62.7%) were positive for SATB2, and of the 41 soft tissue tumors, 13 cases (31.7%) were positive for SATB2. The sensitivity of SATB2 as a diagnostic test was 92.6%, specificity 50%, positive predictive value 63.8%, and negative predictive value 87.7%. Conclusions Although SATB2 is a useful diagnostic marker for OSA, other clinical, histological and immunohistochemical features should be considered for the interpretation of SATB2.
Actual paid cost of equity in construction

The value of the cost of equity capital is very important, both for all businesses and for investors, as it expresses the return on invested funds and is one of the most important factors in decision-making. The aim of the article is to determine the value of the actual paid costs of equity capital in the construction industry in 2016-2019. The used data from the Cribis / Albertina databases were processed using changes in the undistributed economic result of previous years and the economic result of the current accounting period. The results found show that the average cost of equity in the years 2016 - 2019 ranges from 29.35 % - 37.81 % and the median values range from 16.43 % - 24.24 %. The benefit of the presented results is primarily seen in their possibility of subsequent prediction of future costs of equity capital. A limitation of the research may be in the data used, for which it is appropriate when it is the most recent.
Hadron Generator and Atmospheric Seasonal Variation Influence on Cosmic Ray Ionization computed with CORSIKA Code

Recently an essential progress in development of physical models for cosmic ray induced ionization in the atmosphere is achieved. Basically, the models are full target, i.e. based on Monte Carlo simulation of an electromagnetic-muon-nucleon cascade in the atmosphere. In general, the contribution of proton nuclei in those models is highlighted, i.e. primary cosmic ray $\alpha$-particles and heavy nuclei are neglected or scaled to protons. The development of cosmic ray induced atmospheric cascade is sensitive to the energy and mass of the primary cosmic ray particle. The largest uncertainties in Monte Carlo simulations of a cascade in the Earth atmosphere are due to assumed hadron interaction models, the so-called hadron generators. In the work presented here we compare the ionization yield functions $Y$ for primary cosmic ray nuclei, such as protons, $\alpha$-particles, Oxygen and Iron nuclei, assuming different hadron interaction models. The computations are fulfilled with the CORSIKA 6.9 code using GHEISHA 2002, FLUKA 2011, UrQMD hadron generators for energy below 80 GeV/nucleon and QGSJET II for energy above 80 GeV/nucleon. The observed difference between hadron generators is widely discussed. The influence of different atmospheric parametrizations, namely US standard atmosphere, US standard atmosphere winter and summer profiles on ion production rate is studied. Assuming realistic primary cosmic ray mass composition, the ion production rate is obtained at several rigidity cut-offs - from 1 GV (high latitudes) to 15 GV (equatorial latitudes) using various hadron generators. The computations are compared with experimental data. A conclusion concerning the consistency of the hadron generators is stated.
Land-dependent marine species face climate-driven impacts on land and at sea

: Land-dependent marine species are a unique guild of species whose life histories rely on both land and sea. This group is exposed to climate change-related stressors 2-fold, as climate change impacts likely occur at different velocities across land and sea habitat, leading to a greater probability of evolutionary traps. Thus, it is difficult to assess vulnerability and subse-quently manage these populations in response to climate change. Without consideration of the factors unique to land-dependent marine species, current vulnerability assessment frameworks may fall short when evaluating climate impacts on these species. We identified commonalities in climate-related threats across taxa and geographic regions, highlighting the specific life history strategies that may be better suited to adapt to the changing climate. Accordingly, we suggest 3 considerations for assessing the vulnerability of land-dependent marine species: (1) degree of specialization, (2) intraspecies population-level differences, and (3) non-climate stressors. Where possible, we suggest how the exclusion of this information in management and conservation plan-ning may lead to less successful outcomes. Potential compounding impacts of multiple stressors puts this group at particular risk of population collapse when losing land and/or sea habitat and functionality. Each of these considerations should be included when assessing vulnerabilities to climate change, as well as in effective and proactive management responses.
Geographic Variation in Note Types of Alarm Calls in Japanese Tits (Parus minor)

Simple Summary Divergence in acoustic signal systems might play a central role in speciation. Alarm calls are part of the acoustic signal system, which can transmit information about impending threats to group members and relatives. This study focuses on geographic variation in the note types of alarm calls in Japanese tits, a small songbird species distributed broadly in China. It was found that the note types of the same population responding to different intruders were roughly the same, and that all the three populations had shared note types and their own unique note types to warn about the same intruder. Moreover, we found large differences in the acoustic parameters of shared common note types among populations. These findings provide valuable information to improve the collective understanding of the evolutionary mechanisms of alarm call systems in birds. Abstract Geographic variability in acoustic signals has been documented in many bird species. However, geographic variations in alarm calls have been so far neglected despite their crucial role on reducing risk to group members and relatives. We analyzed the note types and acoustic parameters of Japanese tit (Parus minor) alarm calls to three types of intruders (a nest predator, an adult predator, and a harmless species) from three populations in China. Our results revealed that tits in the same population produce similar note types to different intruders, but the three populations only shared six note types and each population had unique note types. The frequency and duration parameters of three shared common note types were significantly different among populations. The three populations belong to the same species, thus they have shared note types. We suspect that the unique note types occurring in each population may be related to three potential reasons: founder effect, predation pressure, and vocal learning. The differences in acoustic parameters of common notes among populations may be a consequence of adaptations to their environments. We suggest that population differences in the note levels of bird alarm calls do exist.
Private Extensionists’ Role in an Effort to Achieve SDGs through Peri-Urban Community Empowerment

Infrastructure development has forced the transformation of rural farming communities to peri-urban communities and impacted community unreadiness. In Presidential Decree No. 59/2017, the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) have been set as indicators of Indonesia's development. Private extensionists have a fundamental role in community empowerment as the implementation of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) in large companies. This research has built an alternative concept of private extensionists in the SDGs. The research objectives are to analyze the role of private extensionists in community empowerment through self-social engineering and to analyze the impact of community empowerment on the SDGs' achievement. The research method used is participatory action research supported by a cybernetic approach: participant-observer, triangulation techniques, and focus group discussion (FGD). The results showed that private extensionists' implementing the concept of self-social engineering effectively empowered the community. This effectiveness occurs by placing the community as the subject of creative social energy in empowerment. This is in line with the application of the participatory communication paradigm and dialogue, which causes a communication convergence between participants. The peri-urban community empowerment approach in organic farming development positively impacts the achievement of SDGs.
Annual Fluctuations in Winter Colony Losses of Apis mellifera L. Are Predicted by Honey Flow Dynamics of the Preceding Year

Simple Summary Honey bee colonies are lost mostly during the winter, and loss rates (the proportion of dead colonies) may fluctuate highly between years. We investigated whether foraging activity—measured as the start of honey flow in spring and its magnitude in summer—influence loss rates in the following winter. Estimates of loss rates were gained from two surveys, in autumn and in winter, while foraging was investigated with automated hive scales during the foraging season in March–July. The surveys showed that high loss rates in autumn were followed by high loss rates in winter, and that high winter loss rates were followed by low loss rates in the following autumn. The fluctuations were influenced by the start of foraging in spring, where an early start in March resulted in high loss rates in autumn and winter, whereas a high intake of nectar in May–June led to lower loss rates. Together, the surveys and the foraging patterns suggest that colony loss rates in winter are influenced by the preceding one and a half years. Abstract Winter loss rates of honey bee colonies may fluctuate highly between years in temperate climates. The present study combined survey data of autumn and winter loss rates in Germany (2012–2021) with estimates of honey flow—assessed with automated hive scales as the start of honey flow in spring and its magnitude in summer—with the aim of understanding annual fluctuations in loss rates. Autumn colony loss rates were positively and significantly correlated with winter loss rates, whereas winter loss rates were inversely related to loss rates in autumn of the following year. An early start of net honey flow in spring predicted high loss rates in both autumn and winter, whereas high cumulative honey flow led to lower loss rates. The start of net honey flow was related to temperature sums in March. Combined, the results implied that the winter loss rate in one year was influenced by the loss rate of the preceding winter and shaped by honey flow dynamics during the following year. Hence, the rate of colony loss in winter can be viewed as a cumulative death process affected by the preceding one and a half years.