Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
New evidence for block and thrust sheet rotations in the central northern Calcareous Alps deduced from two pervasive remagnetization events

We present 81 paleomagnetic sites (Early Triassic to Early Cretaceous) from the central sector of the northern Calcareous Alps (NCA, Eastern Alps, Austria and Germany). Stepwise thermal demagnetization defines three magnetic directions mostly carried by low unblocking temperature and low‐coercivity minerals: J3, 350°; J2, 500°; J1, 575° and 680°. J3 and J2 show positive inclinations, whereas J1 (very seldom) is of dual polarity. The fold tests show that a J3 can be interpreted as a postfolding and posttilting remagnetization and J2 as a postfolding and pre(syn)tilting. J1 can be considered as primary because of the occurrence of two polarities and evidence presented by other authors in the area. All three components show a systematic and significant clockwise rotation after comparing with the expected European references. J2 or J1 are marked by higher rotation values than J3. J2 shows different inclinations depending on the structural position (north or southward dips). Considering the structural evolution and the observed inclinations, the first postfolding and pretilting remagnetization event (J2) could have taken place between Late Cretaceous and Eocene times but certainly before the thrusting of the NCA over the Rhenodanubian Flysch and northward tilting caused by the stacking of the lower Austroalpine nappes. The second postfolding and posttilting remagnetization (J3) would have been acquired after the final thrusting of the NCA over Penninic units. From then, the NCA behaved as a set of rigid blocks recording the main stage of vertical axis clockwise rotation (65° in average) associated with the continental collision. The variable degree of rotation in the different positions (from 40° to 134°) can be explained by individual vertical axis rotation in a block system trying to adjust to space problems. The constant declination differences between J2 and J3 (25° in average) would reflect the rotation related with the lateral differences of shortening during the oblique thrust of the Austroalpine units over the Penninic units.
Improvement of HF coherent radar line‐of‐sight velocities by estimating the refractive index in the scattering volume using radar frequency shifting

[1] Measurements of ionospheric drift velocities using HF coherent scatter radars, such as SuperDARN, are generally underestimated because the refractive index in the scattering volume has not been taken into account. Refractive index values evaluated from electron density measurements, international reference ionosphere predictions, or elevation angle measurements have been applied to SuperDARN velocities in past studies. However, the SuperDARN velocities so obtained were, on average, statistically lower than velocities measured by other instruments. One possible explanation for this underestimation is that HF coherent scatter preferentially occurs in regions of the ionosphere where the scattering cross section is largest, and such regions are characterized by small-scale structures which have higher-than-average electron densities. This was not accounted for in past studies because the refractive index estimates used were from large scale and therefore smoothed estimates of electron density. In this paper, a new method of estimating the actual electron density (or plasma frequency) at the location of SuperDARN scatter (instead of the larger-scale background electron density) is presented. This method takes advantage of the frequency shifts which occur in normal SuperDARN operations. If it is assumed that, on average, the actual ionospheric drift velocity and plasma frequency are roughly constant before and after a shift in frequency, any change in measured velocity as SuperDARN changes frequency is due to a change in refractive index. An analysis of the change in the measured velocity resulting from each shift in frequency gives an experimentally based estimate of the electron density in the scattering volume. A statistical analysis of essentially all frequency shifts by SuperDARN and the estimated electron densities in the scattering volume has been performed. The resulting electron densities are appreciably higher than previous methods to estimate electron density predict. Application of this new method to velocity comparisons between SuperDARN and other instruments results in agreement between the HF radar and non-HF radar velocities for the first time. This new method allows for the first direct measurements of electron densities in the exact locations where the cross section for SuperDARN scatter maximizes.
A pain in the ear: what has the 7-valent conjugated pneumococcal vaccine done to reduce the incidence of acute otitis media?

would not be large; only 20%–30% of cases of AOM in the United States are associated with middle ear specimens that grow S. pneumoniae on culture [2]. Approximately 70% of children with S. pneumoniae–related AOM had S. pneumoniae serotypes contained in or closely related to serotypes contained in PCV7 [3]. At best, then, we expected an overall risk reduction of ∼20% for AOM among US children who completed the PCV7 vaccination course. Among 37,868 infants randomly assigned to receive either PCV7 or meningococcus type C conjugate vaccine in California, those receiving PCV7 experienced a 7.8% relative risk reduction in clinically diagnosed cases of AOM (95% CI, 5.2%–10.5%), and a 20% relative risk reduction in the placement of ventilatory tubes (95% CI, 3.6%–34.1%) [4]. Investigators in Finland found a 6% relative risk reduction in AOM among 831 infants receiving PCV7, compared with 831 receiving hepatitis B vaccine [5]. The 95% CI for the protective efficacy of the vaccine against AOM in this study was 4% to 16%. This has been interpreted as an indication that vaccine use might actually increase the frequency of AOM. This has some biological plausibility, because the increase in the incidence of AOM attributable to S. pneumoniae serotypes or to other otopathogens not contained in the vaccine might be greater than the decrease in the incidence of AOM attributable to S. pneumoniae serotypes contained in PCV7. Thus, these non-PCV7 serotypes would substitute for the eliminated vaccine strains and produce the same or greater incidence of AOM. More likely, the large 95% CI in the Finnish study was directly due to the small sample size, combined with the modest size of the relative risk reduction for AOM attributable to immunization with PCV7 [5]. In the California study, the large sample size narrowed the 95% CI and showed a 97% probability that the relative risk reduction was 5.2% [4].
Very low‐grade metamorphism of the Taveyanne greywacke, Glarus Alps, Switzerland

Detailed textural and chemical data for mineral assemblages on a regional scale are presented for the metaandesitic Eocene-Oligocene Taveyanne greywacke of the Glarus Alps, Eastern Switzerland. Presented data indicate an increase of metamorphic grade from zeolite facies to prehnite-pumpellyite and pumpellyite-actinolite facies. Low-grade outcrops contain laumontite, minor corrensite and pumpellyite (assemblage type 1), whereas outcrops of higher metamorphic grade contain prehnite and two populations of pumpellyite (type 2), prehnite—pumpellyite-(Al)—white mica (type 3), a single outcrop shows pumpellyite-actinolite facies (type 4). From the zeolite to prehnite-pumpellyite/pumpellyite-actinolite facies there are indications for an increase of the chemical equilibrium domain size for the critical paragenesis from a single detrital grain ≤1 mm) in type 1, to a few millimetres in type 2, and to a whole thin section in type 3. Metamorphic P-T conditions were determined by a combination of chlorite thermometry, fluid inclusion and vitrinite reflectance data. Peak temperatures range from 170-190d C for zeolite facies to 270-310d C for prehnite-pumpellyite and pumpellyite-actinolite facies. For the higher temperature range, pressures of 2-3 kbar are derived indicating a geothermal gradient of 24-32d C km-1. The well-constrained temperature estimations derived for the assemblages provide a useful test of the different empirical calibrations of chlorite thermometers recently proposed. The best correspondence to the temperatures determined here is for the Cathelineau calibration. In addition, in the lower grade samples differences in textures and calculated temperatures provide a mean to distinguish between detrital and newly formed chlorites.
Petrogenesis of late Cenozoic volcanic rocks from the Raton-Clayton volcanic field, northeastern New Mexico and southeastern Colorado

The Raton-Clayton volcanic field, located in the eastern flank of the Rio Grande rift on the Great Plains, is at the northeastern end of the Jemez lineament. A broad variety of late Cenozoic volcanic rocks ranging from rhyodacites through basalts to basanites and nephelinites, with well established ages, provides a good probe of magma sources at different depths down to the mantle. New Sr, Nd and Pb isotopic data on late Cenozoic volcanic rocks from the Raton-Clayton volcanic field yield significant variations. [sup 87]Sr/[sup 86]Sr ratios vary from 0.70397--0.70499, [var epsilon][sub Nd] values range from [minus]3.7--2.4, [sup 206]Pb/[sup 204]Pb ratios are in the range of 17.43--18.48, [sup 207]Pb/[sup 204]Pb from 15.45--15.54 and [sup 208]Pb/[sup 204]Pb from 37.27--38.05. The mafic feldspathoidal rocks, believed to be derived from the enriched mantle reservoir with little crustal contamination, show relatively homogeneous [sup 87]Sr/[sup 86]Sr (ca. 0.7041) and [var epsilon][sub Nd] (ca. 2). A positive trend of Pb isotopic ratios, however, suggests possible mantle heterogeneity in Pb isotopic composition beneath the continent. Isotopic data from basaltic lavas display well defined variation trends, bringing to light the role of crustal components in the magmatic process. A strong signature of upper crustal involvement is indicated in themore » formation of tholeiitic basalts with dicktytaxitic texture, while isotope data from alkali olivine basalts and Capulin trachybasalts suggest lower crust contaminations of these rocks. An apparent isotopic variation trend of the dicktytaxitic basalts is well correlated with geographic location from south to north. Significant discrepancies in isotopic compositions of more silicic rocks compared with those of similar rocks from the Taos Plateau volcanic field to the west, may indicate either large differences in lower crustal composition or different mechanisms in generating these magmas. « less
Investigation of Conjunctival Fibrosis Response Using a 3D Glaucoma Tenon’s Capsule þ Conjunctival Model

Citation: Gater R, Ipek T, Sadiq S, et al. Investigation of conjunctival fibrosis response using a 3D glaucoma Tenon’s capsule þ conjunctival model. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2019;60:605–614. https://doi.org/ 10.1167/iovs.18-25335 PURPOSE. Surgical techniques such as trabeculectomy aim to treat glaucoma by making an incision into the scleral tissue, to create an alternative drainage pathway for aqueous to flow into the sub-Tenon’s/subconjunctival space. However, tissue fibrosis and wound healing occurring after the procedures can reduce the success rate. This study aims to investigate the synergistic effects of aqueous humor in combination with shear stress on the fibrosis response occurring in Tenon’s capsule and conjunctival tissue (TCCT) after glaucoma surgery.
Probability Density Function of Instantaneous Drag Forces and Shear Stresses on a Bed

A probability density function (PDF) of the instantaneous bed shear stress in a turbulent flow is derived in this paper. It is argued that the shape of the PDF is similar to the PDF of the instantaneous drag forces on bed roughness elements. The influence of the near-bed relative turbulence intensity is included in the PDF. The shape of the distribution compares well with our measurements of the instantaneous drag force on a protruding bed element for a range of turbulence intensities. However, deviations are apparent at high turbulence intensities. The PDF also compares well with measurements of shear stresses on a smooth wall.
Clinical utility of ­amyloid pet imaging in people living with β HIV with cognitive symptoms

Clinical utility of β-amyloid pet imaging in people living with HIV with cognitive symptoms. Journal including trail-making tests, subtests from the Delis-Kaplan Executive Function System (DKEFS) and the NAB screening mazes test. All tests were standardized with normative data from healthy population samples (23-26). A total of six cognitive domains were assessed (immediate memory, visuospatial, language, attention, delayed memory and executive function) as well as additional tests of premorbid functioning (TOPF). RBANS comprises 12 subtests that are used to calculate five index scores which are combined to yield a total score. Each index score is expressed as an age-adjusted standard score with a mean of 100 and standard deviation of 15 based on a normative study group of healthy subjects ranging from age 20 to 89 years. The cognitive tests selected are standardized, with optimal levels of reliability and validity, and are in common clinical use within the UK and US, enabling a range of cognitive domains to be assessed. HIV-associated cognitive impairment was defined based on the Frascati criteria (27) which involves testing across broad cognitive domains. A diagnosis of HAND is given when two or more domains are one or more standard deviations below normative scores and for mild neurocognitive disorder and HAD when daily functioning is impacted.
Free water intake of ewe lambs offered water from different sources

Abstract The growth, health, wool production, and free water intake of ewe lambs offered water from three different sources were examined in three years at the Masterton Field Research Area: none was influenced by either water type or regular changes in water type. Maximum air temperature and potential aerodynamic evapotranspiration were found to be good “estimators” of water intake.
Importance of tRNA anticodon loop modification and a conserved, noncanonical anticodon stem pairing in tRNA CGGPro for decoding

Modification of anticodon nucleotides allows tRNAs to decode multiple codons, expanding the genetic code. Additionally, modifications located in the anticodon loop but outside the anticodon itself, stabilize tRNA-codon interactions, increasing decoding fidelity. Anticodon loop nucleotide 37 is 3’ to the anticodon and in tRNA CGGPro , is methylated at the N1 position in its nucleobase (m 1 G37). The m 1 G37 modification in tRNA CGGPro stabilizes its interaction with the codon and maintains the mRNA frame. However, it is unclear how m 1 G37 affects binding at the decoding center to both cognate and +1 slippery codons. Here, we show that the tRNA CGGPro m 1 G37 modification is important for the association step during binding to a cognate CCG codon. In contrast, m 1 G37 prevented association to a slippery CCC-U
Middle to Late Jurassic bivalves of the genera Neocrassina and Trigonopis from New Zealand

Abstract Bivalves of the genera Neocrassina and Trigonopis are described from the Middle‐Late Jurassic of New Zealand. Neocrassina is represented by three new species. The new subfamily Trigonopinae is introduced to accommodate the genus Trigonopis, which was previously classed as a subgenus of Opis. Trigonopis is represented by one previously described species and one new species. Paleobiogeography is analysed in terms of the global distribution of Neocrassina and Trigonopis. Neocrassina was present in most regions of the Boreal and Tethyan realms. In New Zealand, it is first recorded from rocks of Early Temaikan age (Aalenian‐Bajocian). The distribution of Trigonopis shows that this genus was common in European Tethyan regions, but sparsely distributed elsewhere. A comparison of New Zealand species, with forms from other regions, demonstrates that Trigonopis most likely migrated to the Jurassic southern ocean, by way of the temporary seaway connecting the Tethys Sea with the Bay of Antarctica, during the Callovian marine transgression.
The correspondence between EMG and EEG measures of changes in cortical excitability following transcranial magnetic stimulation

TMS is commonly used to study excitatory/inhibitory neurotransmission in cortical circuits. Changes in cortical excitability following TMS are typically measured from hand (using EMG; limited to motor cortex) or scalp (using EEG); however, it is unclear whether these two measures represent the same activity when assessing motor cortex. We found that TMS‐EMG and TMS‐EEG measures of motor cortex excitability are differentially affected by sensory confounds at different time points, masking any actual relationship between them in the time domain. In the frequency domain, local high‐frequency oscillations in EEG recordings were minimally confounded by sensory artefacts and demonstrated strong correlations with EMG measures of cortical excitability across time, regardless of TMS intensity or waveform. Therefore, despite the effects of sensory artefacts, the two measures of motor cortex excitability share a response component, suggesting that they index a similar cortical activity and perhaps the same neuronal population.
Unexpected Deviation in Circadian Variation of€Ventricular Arrhythmias

epartment of Medicine, U ical Research Institute, D rdiac Research, Seattle, in a Cameron Health clin ing fees from Medtronic nts from Eli Lilly and Co al Corporation, AstraZen es from Boston Scientific. art, Lung, and Blood Inst roperty rights with Came onic, Boston Scientific/G sulting fees from Physio advisory board for Boston relationships relevant to pt received October 1, 20 his study sought to determine whether circadian patterns in ventricular arrhythmias (VAs) occur in a current primary prevention defibrillator (implantable cardioverter-defibrillator [ICD]) population.
The probable industrial origin of archaeological daub at an Iron Age site in Northeast Thailand *

Determining probable firing temperatures of daub recovered from archaeological sites provides opportunities to interpret the design and/or function of prehistoric structures. This paper critiques some of the methods for determining firing temperatures of daub, and presents a case study using samples from a secure depositional context at the Iron Age archaeological site of Noen U‐Loke, in northeast Thailand. Adopting a multimethod approach, the paper examines relationships between color, micro‐ and macro‐inclusions, elemental and mineralogical composition, physical form, and temperature, through the application of ICP‐MS, XRD analysis, magnetic susceptibility, and light microscopy. The important methodological point here is that the combined interpretation of independent measures provides a better estimate of the original firing temperatures of the archaeological material than has hitherto been possible. Initial examination implied that our samples were fired, in antiquity, at low temperatures, and concluded a nonindustrial source for the daub. We suggest that determining maximum temperatures for this original firing will provide the clearest discrimination between possible types of features (e.g., housing, kiln/furnace) from which the daub originally came. The results of our study indicate that the archaeological daub samples have been exposed to a range of temperatures from 200°C to 1000°C. It seems highly likely, therefore, that the daub was derived from a spatially complex structure, such as an industrial kiln or furnace, which has experienced a range of firing temperatures. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The UV to IR transmittance of Antarctic snow

We report the transmittance of Antarctic snow as a function of the thickness of snow layers, in the range between 350 and 900 nm. Samples were studied near Scott Base, Ross Island, and data are presented for measurements made in early December 1996. The transmittance followed the two flux theoretical expressions well, and scattering and absorption parameters were obtained by curve fitting. Scattering dominated the transmittance at shorter wavelengths. The absorption at shorter wavelengths varied from one site to another, being lowest for snow samples measured furthest away from Ross Island, suggesting the effects of blown volcanic dust. The snow albedo derived from the transmittance parameters is compared with those of other workers.
Bean Common Mosaic Virus and Bean Common Mosaic Necrosis Virus Infections in Bean Production Areas in The Lakes Region of Turkey

Common bean, belonging to family Leguminosae (Fabaceae), has an important place in people nutrition for thousands of years. Although many viruses infect bean plants, economically most important ones are potyviruses. Among them, BCMV (Bean common mosaic virus) and BCMNV (Bean common mosaic necrosis virus) are the most common viruses in common bean production areas all over the world. During 2014-2015 growing season, total of 361 bean samples (275 leaf and 86 seed) were collected from several localities in the Lakes Region. According to the results of DAS-ELISA (Double Antibody Sandwich Enzyme Linked Immunusorbent Assay) test, percentages of the infections of BCMV and BCMNV in the leaf samples were 26.18% and 15.27%, respectively. In seed samples, BCMV and BCMNV infection rates were 2.32% and 6.97%, respectively. Percentages of the mixed infections of the viruses in the leaf samples were 25.45%, while that in the seed samples were. 55.81%. In the mechanically inoculation studies where two isolates (BCMV-I and BCMN-BT) were used, typical symptoms of the viruses were observed. In molecular studies, a 850 bp fragment of the CP (Coat Protein) gene was amplified by IC-RT-PCR (Immunocapture Reverse Transcription Polimerase Chain Reaction) using BCMV specific primer pairs, but amplification of the CP region of RNA genome of BCMNV could not be succeeded. This is first report of biological and serological methods in Lakes region.
Linking School Facility Conditions to Teacher Satisfaction and Success.

Improving educational performance ranks high on the national agenda, with educators and policymakers focusing on testing, accountability, curriculum reform, teacher quality, school choice, and related concerns. Conspicuously absent has been an examination of how school conditions affect teaching and learning, even though extensive literature exists that links school facilities to the quality of education and to teacher morale and teacher productivity.