Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Institutional trust, scientific literacy, and information sources: What factors determine people's attitudes toward COVID-19 vaccines of different origins in China?

Objective This study aimed to investigate the different attitudes of Chinese residents toward COVID-19 vaccines produced in China and the United States in an emergency context, and then explored possible explanations for these different attitudes. Methods Using data collected online in May 2021, we compared Chinese citizens' attitudes toward vaccines originating from China and the US and then adopted ordered logistic models to examine how trust in institutions, scientific literacy, and information sources influence their attitudes toward different vaccines. Results A total of 2038 respondents completed the survey. Participants reported very different levels of trust in Chinese and American vaccines. The main finding of this paper is that individuals who trust in Chinese institutions, especially those who trust in domestic scientists, typically feel encouraged to also place their trust in domestic vaccines and to distrust those from the US. These individuals' higher evaluation of Chinese government performance makes them more willing to vaccinate with domestic vaccines and less likely to seek US vaccines. Levels of scientific literacy, furthermore, seem to have little influence on attitudes toward different vaccines. Meanwhile, respondents who acquire health information from biomedical journals are more likely to hold a positive view of US vaccines, and these individuals contribute to bridging the gap between levels of trust in Chinese and US vaccines. Conclusions In contrast with previous findings about Chinese attitudes toward imported vaccines, our respondents are more convinced of the safety and effectiveness of domestic vaccines than of US ones. This trust gap does not arise out of actual disparity in the quality and safety of the different vaccines per se. Instead, it is a cognition concern that is closely bound up with individuals' trust in domestic institutions. People's attitudes toward vaccines of different origins in an emergency context are more influenced by socio-political beliefs than by concern with objective information and knowledge.
Development and Evaluation of a Novel-Thymol@Natural-Zeolite/Low-Density-Polyethylene Active Packaging Film: Applications for Pork Fillets Preservation

Sustainability, the circular economy, and the “greenhouse” effect have led the food packaging industry to use naturally available bio-compounds. The integration of such compounds in packaging films increases food safety and extends food shelf-life. The development of an active/antioxidant packaging film based on the widely commercially used low-density polyethylene, natural zeolite, and Thymol, a natural extract from thyme oil, is presented in this work. The obtained active films were characterized using X-Ray Diffraction, Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy, and Differential Scanning Calorimetry techniques. The tensile strength, water–oxygen barrier properties, and total antioxidant activity were measured. Low-density polyethylene incorporated with Thymol@Natural Zeolite at a proportion of 15 wt% was the most promising material and was used as film to wrap-up pork fillets. The thiobarbituric acid (TBA) method and heme iron measurements indicated a delayed lipids oxidation using this film. A linear correlation between the TBA method and heme iron values seems to be established, which could result in a fast method to determine the degree of lipid oxidation in pork fillets. Finally, a two-stage diffusion process during Thymol release was observed, and the values of the diffusion coefficient was 2.09 × 10−7 and 1.21 × 10−8 cm2/s for each stage. The applied pseudo-second sorption model provided a rate constant k2 = 0.01647 (s−1). These results indicate the strong potential of such films to be used as food packaging materials free of E-number preservatives.
Prosociality and Personality: Perceived Efficacy of Behaviors Mediates Relationships between Personality and Self-Reported Climate Change Mitigation Behavior

The included studies examined the relationship between climate change mitigation behavior (CCB) and personality. In Study 1, 1089 US collegians completed a measure of the Big Five and indicated how often they engaged in five CCBs. Engaging in each CCB was regressed on the Big Five. These analyses found openness was positively related to all five CCBs, neuroticism was positively related to four of five CCBs, and extraversion was positively related to three CCBs. In Study 2, 1688 US collegians completed the same measures as in Study 1 with two additional CCBs. They also indicated how efficacious they thought each CCB was. Each CCB was regressed on the Big Five. These results largely replicated those of Study 1 and also found that conscientiousness was positively related to five of seven CCBs. Mediational analyses found that all relationships between personality factors and CCB were mediated by the perceived efficacy of the CCB. The present results suggest that efforts to increase climate change mitigation behavior need to take into account the perceived efficacy of such behaviors.
Cross-section and rate formulas for electron-impact ionization, excitation, deexcitation, and total depopulation of excited atoms

For electron-induced ionization, excitation, and de-excitation, mainly from excited atomic states, a detailed analysis is presented of the dependence of the cross sections and rate coefficients on electron energy and temperature, and on atomic parameters. A wide energy range is covered, including sudden as well as adiabatic collisions. By combining the available experimental and theoretical information, a set of simple analytical formulas is constructed for the cross sections and rate coefficients of the processes mentioned, for the total depopulation, and for three-body recombination. The formulas account for large deviations from classical and semiclassical scaling, as found for excitation. They agree with experimental data and with the theories in their respective ranges of validity, but have a wider range of validity than the separate theories. The simple analytical form further facilitates the application in plasma modeling.
Postnatal Outcomes of Fetuses with Prenatal Diagnosis of 6–9.9 mm Pyelectasis

Pyelectasis, also known as renal pelvic dilatation or hydronephrosis, is frequently found on fetal ultrasound. This study correlated prenatally-detected, moderate pyelectasis with postnatal outcomes. This retrospective, observational study was conducted at a tertiary medical center in Israel. The study group consisted of 54 fetuses with prenatal diagnosis of pyelectasis on ultrasound scan during the second trimester, defined as anteroposterior renal pelvic diameter (APRPD) 6–9.9 mm. Long-term postnatal outcomes and renal-related sequelae were obtained using medical records and telephone-based questionnaires. The control group included 98 cases with APRPD < 6 mm. Results indicate that fetal pyelectasis 6–9.9 mm was more frequent among males (68.5%) than females (51%, p = 0.034). We did not find significant correlations between 6–9.9 mm pyelectasis and other anomalies or chromosomal/genetic disorders. Pyelectasis resolved during the pregnancy in 15/54 (27.8%) cases. There was no change in 17/54 (31.5%) and 22/54 (40.7%) progressed to hydronephrosis Among the study group, 25/54 (46.3%) were diagnosed with neonatal hydronephrosis. There were more cases of renal reflux or renal obstruction in the study group compared to the control group 8/54 (14.8%) vs. 1/98 (1.0%), respectively; p = 0.002. In conclusion, most cases of 6–9.9 mm pyelectasis remained stable or resolved spontaneously during pregnancy. There was a higher rate of postnatal renal reflux and renal obstruction in this group; however, most did not require surgical intervention.
Using climate information as covariates to improve nonstationary flood frequency analysis in Brazil

ABSTRACT Climatic drivers of floods have been widely used to improve nonstationary flood frequency analysis (FFA). However, the forecast ability of nonstationary FFA with out-of-sample prediction has not been comprehensively evaluated. We use 379 flood records from Brazil to assess the ability of process-informed nonstationary models for out-of-sample FFA using the generalized extreme value (GEV) distribution. Five drivers of floods are used as covariates: annual temperature, El Nino Southern Oscillation, annual rainfall, annual maximum rainfall, and annual maximum soil moisture content. Our results reveal that a nonstationary model is preferable when there is a significant correlation between flood and climate covariates in both the training period and full record. The rainfall-based covariates lead to better out-of-sample nonstationary FFA models. These findings highlight that using climate information as covariates in nonstationary FFA is a promising approach for estimating future floods and, hence, better infrastructure design, risk assessment and disaster preparedness.
Spatial Distributions of Dust and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in the Nearby Elliptical Galaxy NGC4589 Observed with AKARI

We report on nearto far-infrared (IR) observations of the nearby elliptical galaxy NGC 4589 by AKARI. NGC 4589 has a complex stellar rotation field with a position angle difference of 45i between the kinematic and morphological axes, although its morphology shows a smooth optical profile that closely follows the de Vaucouleurs law. The galaxy has a minor-axis dust lane, which is twisted toward the main stellar rotation. These properties strongly support that the galaxy is a relatively old merger remnant. We have obtained the spatial distributions of dust from far-IR emission and near-IR absorption, separately. We have also estimated the distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from the difference between images in the mid-IR bands. The spatial distributions of the dust and PAHs resemble each other, both showing significant deviations from the smooth stellar distribution. They extend to the main stellar rotation and the direction of the twisted inner dust lane, thus following the relics of the merger. Therefore, a large fraction of the dust and PAHs in NGC 4589 are likely to originate from a past merger event.
Spike-Type Compressor Stall Inception, Detection, and Control

An aerodynamic instability known as stall occurs in axial compressors as the mass flow rate is reduced and the blade loading reaches its limit. At this limiting condition, an easily recognizable flow breakdown process, known as spike-type stall inception, is observed in most modern compressors. This article begins by examining measurements from both low- and high-speed compressors to explain the characteristic features of spike-type stall. This is followed by a review of past work on compressor stability and an assessment of recent advances in this field. Included here is a study of the three-dimensional flow features that typify spike formation and its eventual growth into a mature stall cell. We also consider the formation criteria for spike-type stall and the means for early detection and possible control. On the computational side, a possible mechanism for spike formation is identified from three-dimensional studies of the flow in the rotor tip region. This mechanism involves tip-clearance backflow at the blade's trailing edge in combination with forward spillage of tip-leakage flow at the leading edge. This flow pattern implies that a successful stall-control technology will have to rely on an effective means of suppressing tip-clearance backflow and forward spillage.
Dynamics of the mean Asian summer monsoon in a maximally simplified model

A two‐layer quasi‐geostrophic model, containing the bare essential orographic and thermal forcings, is used as a maximally simplified model for delineating the nature of the mean Asian summer monsoon circulation (ASM). The solution reveals that the prototype ASM circulation consists of two main components. The western part of it is a greatly elongated and skewed baroclinic vortical circulation. The lower and upper features of the baroclinic vortex are the model counterparts of the Monsoon Low and the Tibetan High respectively. The eastern part of the model ASM is a composite baroclinic Rossby wave‐packet which manifests itself at the lower and upper levels as the model counterparts of the surface Subtropical High and upper‐level Monsoon Trough. The centre of the skewed vortex and the root of the wave‐packet are collocated over East Asia arising from a common source of excitation. This overall circulation is interpreted in terms of potential vorticity dynamics. Furthermore, the ascending motion field is consistent with the notion that the thermal forcing is largely self‐reinforcing. The descending motion over the model Middle East supports the notion that the desert climate is an integral part of the ASM. The roles of the individual model forcing elements are also delineated and the caveats of the analysis elaborated. Copyright © 2008 Royal Meteorological Society
Role of ChatGPT in Computer Programming.

Purpose: The purpose of this abstract is to outline the role and capabilities of ChatGPT, a language model developed by OpenAI for computer programming. Methodology: ChatGPT is a large language model that has been trained on a diverse range of texts and can perform a variety of programming-related tasks. These tasks include code completion and correction, code snippet prediction and suggestion, automatic syntax error fixing, code optimization and refactoring suggestions, missing code generation, document generation, chatbot development, text-to-code generation, and answering technical queries. Results: ChatGPT can provide users with explanations, examples, and guidance to help them understand complex concepts and technologies, find relevant resources, and diagnose and resolve technical problems. Its use can improve overall satisfaction with support services and help organizations build a reputation for expertise and reliability. Conclusions: ChatGPT is a powerful and versatile tool for computer programming that can support developers and users in a wide range of tasks. Its ability to provide explanations, examples, and guidance makes it a valuable resource for technical support, while its ability to perform programming-related tasks can improve efficiency and accuracy.
: the driver of giant planet atmospheres

We present a review of recent developments in the use of molecular ion as a probe of physics and chemistry of the upper atmospheres of giant planets. This ion is shown to be a good tracer of energy inputs into Jupiter (J), Saturn (S) and Uranus (U). It also acts as a ‘thermostat’, offsetting increases in the energy inputs owing to particle precipitation via cooling to space (J and U). Computer models have established that is also the main contributor to ionospheric conductivity. The coupling of electric and magnetic fields in the auroral polar regions leads to ion winds, which, in turn, drive neutral circulation systems (J and S). These latter two effects, dependent on , also result in very large heating terms, approximately 5×1012 W for Saturn and greater than 1014 W for Jupiter, planet-wide; these terms compare with approximately 2.5×1011 W of solar extreme UV absorbed at Saturn and 1012 W at Jupiter. Thus, is shown to play a major role in explaining why the temperatures of the giant planets are much greater (by hundreds of kelvin) at the top of the atmosphere than solar inputs alone can account for.
Improved outcomes in E2A::HLF positive B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia by chimeric antigen receptor T cell therapy and BCL-2 inhibitor

To the Editor: The fusion gene E2A::HLF(TCF3::HLF) is formed by t(17;19) (q21-22;p13), which presents in <1% of B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) and mainly occurs in older children and adolescents. Such patients were often accompanied by drug resistance and early relapse, which confer an extremely poor prognosis, and even intensive chemotherapy and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) cannot improve their survival. A few studies suggested that chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cell therapy or BCL-2 inhibitors might benefit such patients, but the effectiveness needed to be further verified since the superiority of CAR-T cell therapy was restricted to individual case reports, and the efficacy of BCL-2 inhibitors was demonstrated only in vitro tests on cell lines. Here, we retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of six patients with E2A::HLFpositive B-ALL to further validate the effectiveness of CAR-T cell therapy and BCL-2 inhibitor, which could be considered as salvage treatments in these poor-risk patients.
An Intersectional Application of Expectancy-Value Theory in an Undergraduate Chemistry Course

The underrepresentation of women and Black, Latinx, and Native Americans within the United States scientific workforce is a persistent and multifaceted problem warranting an intersectional approach. Applying intersectionality to the expectancy-value theory of motivation, we examined initial motivation and subsequent achievement among a sample of undergraduate students (N = 687) enrolled in the science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) gateway course of introductory chemistry at a diverse 4-year university. We found no racial/ethnic group differences in initial motivation, but small (d = .30) group differences in achievement. Results revealed a pattern of gender differences across both underrepresented (i.e., Black, Latinx, and Native American) and well-represented (i.e., White, Asian American) racial/ethnic groups such that, relative to men, women began the class with lower levels of confidence about their performance, but greater utility value and attainment value in learning chemistry. Consistent with expectancy-value theory, motivation at the beginning of the semester positively predicted final exam scores across gender and racial/ethnic intersectional groups. For Black, Latinx, and Native American students, attainment value was an especially strong predictor of subsequent achievement. Our findings point to the need to cultivate social contexts within undergraduate STEM education that promotes all aspects of science motivation among students from underrepresented groups. Online slides for instructors who want to use this article for teaching are available on PWQ's website at http://journals.sagepub. com/doi/suppl/10.1177/03616843231153390.
Pin-force and Euler-Bernoulli models for analysis of intelligent structures

The relationship between these two methods is discussed, especially for the case of one side only actuation layer. For both models the static response of hte system is obtained for different geometrical, elastic, and piezoelectric characteristics in the cases of one and two (to and bottom surface bonded) actuation layers
Retrieval practice may not benefit mathematical word-problem solving

The retrieval practice effect refers to the fact that one or even multiple retrievals of memory content during the same period are more effective than repeated studying to promote future memory retention. It is effective for numerous declarative knowledge learning materials. However, studies have demonstrated that retrieval practice does not benefit problem-solving skill learning. This study used worked examples from math word problem tasks as learning materials, considering the retrieval difficulty as the main factor. Experiment 1 explored the effect of retrieval practice on acquiring problem-solving skills under different initial testing difficulties. Experiment 2 manipulated the difficulty of materials as a variable to ascertain the effect of retrieval practice on problem-solving skills under different material difficulty levels. Experiment 3 introduced feedback variables to facilitate the generation of the retrieval practice effect and examined the effects of various difficulty feedback levels on problem-solving skills learning. Results showed that, compared with restudying examples (SSSS), the example-problem pairs (STST) did not promote delayed test performance. As for the retrieval practice effect, as no differences or advantages were found in the repeated study group on the immediate test, the retrieval practice group generally outperformed the repeated study group on the delayed test. However, across the three experiments, we found no evidence of retrieval practice affecting results during an enhanced delayed test. Therefore, there may be no retrieval practice effect on acquiring problem-solving skills from worked examples.
Radar‐duct and boundary‐layer characteristics over the area of The Gulf

Radar‐duct characteristics and the associated atmospheric boundary layer over the The Gulf (50 ° N, 28 ° E) on 28 April 1996 were simulated with the NCAR–Penn State MM5V3 numerical model. The model was validated against meteorological observations and duct data gathered in a special observational programme. A benchmark study with horizontal grid‐length of 5 km revealed complete coverage of The Gulf by ducts throughout the whole twenty‐four hours. Over land, ducts existed only at night. Over The Gulf, meso‐β scale variation occurred: shallow (250 m) surface ducts existed within about 200 km of the north coast; elevated ducts, over 500 m deep, near the southern coast, and S‐shaped ducts (about 400 m deep) over the majority of the area. Duct strength also increased from north to south. These features were related to the marine internal boundary layer (MIBL) that formed over The Gulf in the ambient north‐west wind. Meso‐γ scale variations in duct‐top height occurred within 200 km of the north coast, immediately downwind of Qatar and off the central east and west coasts. Duct characteristics were influenced at the meso‐γ scale by coastal configuration and at the meso‐β scale by sea surface temperature (SST), land–sea temperature difference, orography and ambient wind. An increase in grid length to 25 km lost much of the meso‐γ scale structure but retained the meso‐β scale features. At the meso‐β scale, duct‐top height and strength were consistently lower in the sensitivity runs than those in the control run because of changes in the depth of the MIBL. Elimination of the north–south SST gradient resulted in a shallower and more stable MIBL. Maximizing the land–sea temperature difference increased the subsidence associated with the stronger sea‐breeze circulation in the sensitivity case and therefore decreased the depth of the MIBL. When the orography was much reduced the lower wind‐speeds in the sensitivity run were again associated with a shallower MIBL. The lower wind‐speeds resulted from the lack of the thermal‐wind effect induced by the high orography around much of The Gulf. The explicit reduction of the ambient wind also led to a reduction in depth of the MIBL. Duct type also changed in the sensitivity studies, surface ducts replacing S‐shaped ducts in those areas where the depth of the MIBL decreased. Of the meso‐β scale factors influencing the ducts, ambient wind speed was most important, closely followed by orography. The distribution of SST had the smallest effect. Copyright © 2005 Royal Meteorological Society.
A general method to determine the stress intensity factor of multiple collinear cracks

In this study, the issue of multiple collinear cracks in a finite plate is studied, and the overall stress field as well as stress intensity factors (SIFs) near crack tips are determined. Based on Muskelishvili’s results, the problem is formulated using complex functions in terms of unknown coefficients, which are obtained by enforcing the external boundaries using a least-square boundary collocation method. These functions satisfy all the required conditions, and can be used to calculate the overall stress field, displacement field and the SIFs at the crack tips. Examples of a rectangular plate with one, two and three cracks, respectively, have been calculated, and a set of photoelastic experiments were performed and the results are supportive. At the end, the effect of confining stress, friction coefficient, crack orientation and the distance between crack tips on SIF are investigated.