Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
INFLUENCE OF SCENIC ROAD CORRIDOR ON PLANT DIVERSITY IN KUNYU MOUNTAIN, CHINA

The edge effect of forest communities in Kunyu Mountain Nature Reserve of China due to two small-scale roads was studied. By setting 3 groups of sample plots: sample plot beside 2.5 m road corridor, sample plot beside 5.0 m road corridor and sample plot in wildwood area, forest investigation was carried out using typical sampling method to evaluate and reveal the influence of edge effect (caused by 2.5 m and 5.0 m scenic road corridor) on the community structure, species composition and diversity of plants in Kunyu mountain national nature reserve. Results show (1) that compared with wildwood area, the average DBH (diameter at breast height) of tree layer at 2.5 m and 5.0 m scenic road corridor in Kunyu mountain national nature reserve decreases with the increase of width of road corridor. In shrub layer, edge effect is balanced by increasing the number of low-diameter shrubs while decreasing the number of high-diameter shrubs. It is worth noting that the edge effect of 2.5 m scenic road corridor is significantly higher than that of 5.0 m scenic road corridor. (2) In tree layer, the four indexes all showed as follows: sample plot near 5.0 m scenic road corridor was significantly higher than the sample plot near 2.5 m scenic road corridor and wildwood area. In shrub layer, the four indexes abovementioned can be ranked as sample plot near 5.0 m scenic road corridor>sample plot near 2.5 m scenic road corridor>wildwood area. In herb layer, the 4 indexes are ranked as sample plot near 5.0 m scenic road corridor>wildwood area>sample plot near 2.5 m scenic road corridor. Main conclusion: The 2.5 m scenic road corridor exerts an inhibition effect on the species composition and diversity of plants in Kunyu mountain national nature reserve, however, 5.0 m scenic road corridor has a promoting effect.
Geometry of a crossed product

We introduce a continuous dimension function ac: * -D R on the Grothendieck group Ko over the crossed product C*-algebra C(X) X4, Z. The function a has an elegant geometry: on every minimal flow ot it takes the value of the "rotation number" of t such a problem was posed in 1936 by A. Weil. 1. ALGEBRAIC INTRODUCTION Let1 X be a Cantor set and let 0(X) be a C*-algebra of continuous, complexvalued functions on X. Let 0b: X -> X be a minimal homeomorphism of X. A crossed product C*-algebra 0(X) x? Z is a universal C*-algebra generated by 0(X) and a unitary operator u such that ufu* = 0b(f) for all f E 0(X). A bulk of important information on 0(X) x pZ can be read-off from its Grothendieck's group Ko which is often calculable and handier in work. Due to Elliott [4] we know that for the approximate finite (AF) C*-algebras its (ordered) Ko-group encodes all the information on AF-algebra. Unfortunately 0(X) xal Z is not AF, but can be embedded into an AF-algebra whose Ko-group is order isomorphic to the Ko-group of our crossed product algebra; this deep result belongs to Putnam [11]. Can one 'compute' Ko for the concrete crossed product C*-algebras? In the important case of the irrational rotation algebra Aa (i.e. when X = S1 and +(x) = x + a) the answer is yes. As it shows one beautiful result of Effros and Shen, the group Ko is nicely connected with the 'geometry' of a. Theorem 1 ([3]). Let Aa be an irrational rotation C*-algebra. Suppose that the real number a has a continued fraction expansion 1 def a =ao? 1 [ao)ala2, . ]. a? + a2 +. Received by the editors November 14, 1997 and, in revised form, June 17, 1998. 1991 Mathematics Subject Classification. Primary 46L40, 57R30, 58F10.
POPULATION STRUCTURE OF CRYPHONECTRIA PARASITICA IN THE MODRÝ KAMEŇ REGION

The European chestnut was evaluated for Chestnut blight disease in the Modrý Kameň region, in 2010. A total of 1321 trees and sprouts were selected. There were 140 healthy trees, without any symptoms of Cryphonectria parasitica infection. Nearly 90% of the evaluated trees and sprouts were diseased. The health condition index (I HC ) on 11 experimental plots varied from 2.31 to 4.03. Ev- ery collected sample was identified as having C. parasitica. All isolates had the orange culture morphology; all isolates were virulent. Among the isolates, 8 vc types were detected. Vc type EU-2 was dominant, it comprised 37.14% of the tested isolates. Two other vc types: EU 1 and EU 12 were frequently detected.
Is the Stabilization of the Postwar Economy a Figment of the Data

This study of output data for the periods 1866-1914 and 1947-82 shows that much of the apparent stabilization of the postwar economy is an artifact of the way the historical data are constructed. When the methods used to form the historical index of industrial production are replicated for the postwar era, the consistent data show less than half the stabilization apparent in modern data. The excess volatility of thehistorical data is due to the overrepresentation of materials and intermediate goods in the early indexes of total industrial production. Copyright 1986 by American Economic Association.
Examining the use of electronic money and technology by the diaspora in international remittance system: A case of Somali remittances from Canada

The diaspora, particularly through ICT‐enabled remittances, are an important lifeline to many in the developing world. This study aims to better understand the usefulness of ICTs in the role played by the remittance sending diasporans in developing countries' economic and social system. Through a mixed‐method approach, we explore the institution behind the Somali Hawala system and how it is enabled by technology. Guided by the question: What is the role of electronic money, technology, and the diaspora in the international remittance system? Using Somalia and the Somali diaspora, we create an inventory of the Hawala businesses based in the Canada gathered from secondary sources and online business listings. Next, surveys of 143 Somalis, who have remitted internationally in 2017, were conducted. We observed that social ties are strong motivators as to why individuals in Canada send money to people in Somalia. People who communicate less frequently were more likely to send less than $500. However, those who frequently communicate with their family members were more likely to send more than $500. Drawing on Social Network Theory and Altruism theory, we establish the role of ICTs in the Somali money transfer sector, confirming the crucial role served by ICTs in remittances.
Ozone in Interstitial Air of the Mid-Latitude, Seasonal Snowpack at Niwot Ridge, Colorado

ABSTRACT Ozone in interstitial air was studied in the seasonal, mid-latitude snowpack at a subalpine forest site at Niwot Ridge, Colorado, from January to June 2004. Sampling techniques were developed for continuous, vertical gradient measurements of ozone and temperature at four depths in the snowpack. During this time period, ozone in ambient air ranged from 15 to 80 ppbv, while in the snowpack ozone mixing ratios generally were below 5 ppbv, showed little variability, and decreased to less than 10% of ambient air levels within the first 10–20 cm below the surface. This ozone gradient (ambient air-snowpack air) appeared to be independent of solar radiation cycles. These findings are in contrast to similar studies in the polar snowpack, where a much deeper penetration of ozone into the snowpack and strong dependencies of the ozone gradient on incoming solar radiation levels has been reported. These observations imply that ozone levels in the seasonal, mid-latitude snowpack are determined by different processes, and overall are lower than in the year-round snowpack. A new question that needs to be addressed is to what degree these contrasting findings are caused by differences in the physical properties of these snowpacks (which will affect gas exchange processes), their chemical composition, and by the influence of the substrate below the snow and soil-snowpack-atmosphere gas exchange processes.
Is there an optimum level of financial activity

This paper addresses the notion of an "optimum level of financial activity" that is contingent on a country's general level of development. Referring to threshold regressions and a bootstrap test for structural shift of the finance regressor in a growth equation, it is shown that countries gain less from a given level of financial activity, if the latter fails to keep up with or exceeds what would follow from a balanced expansion path. The paper contributes to the literature on the finance-growth nexus in providing empirical support for the notion of "balanced" financial development with a development specific optimum level of financial activity.
Drug–target affinity prediction using graph neural network and contact maps

Computer-aided drug design uses high-performance computers to simulate the tasks in drug design, which is a promising research area. Drug–target affinity (DTA) prediction is the most important step of computer-aided drug design, which could speed up drug development and reduce resource consumption. With the development of deep learning, the introduction of deep learning to DTA prediction and improving the accuracy have become a focus of research. In this paper, utilizing the structural information of molecules and proteins, two graphs of drug molecules and proteins are built up respectively. Graph neural networks are introduced to obtain their representations, and a method called DGraphDTA is proposed for DTA prediction. Specifically, the protein graph is constructed based on the contact map output from the prediction method, which could predict the structural characteristics of the protein according to its sequence. It can be seen from the test of various metrics on benchmark datasets that the method proposed in this paper has strong robustness and generalizability.
Restricted Voices in the New Zealand GM Debate: An Analysis of New Zealand Metropolitan Newspaper Coverage (1998 to February 2002)

The discovery of genetically modified (GM) food in New Zealand in 1998 prompted a highly politicized debate about GM or biotechnology. In response, the government established a Royal Commission on Genetic Modification in May 2000. The Royal Commission and public opposition to GM, evident in large public protests, made the issue highly newsworthy. For many people the news media represent their main source of information on GM and the issues surrounding it. The news media are able to influence the public agenda by making some issues more salient in the minds of the public. Moreover, by highlighting certain attributes, the news media can suggest the most important aspects of these issues. Given the concern surrounding GM and its potential importance to the New Zealand economy, it is important to understand how the New Zealand press framed the GM debate. A content analysis of metropolitan newspaper reportage of the GM debate between 1998 and 2002 revealed that readers were offered a very narrow range of frames by which they could judge the issue and that some newspapers underrepresented some groups and their viewpoints. The results bring into question the ability of the press to act as a facilitator of public debate about GM and similar issues in the future.
In vitro growth response on three provenances of Jabon Merah based on auxin and cytokinin combinations

This study aimed to determine the combination of plant growth regulators (PGR) that affects the growth of three provenances of Jabon merah through in vitro culture. This research was conducted in December 2017 to March 2018 at Biotechnology and Tree Breeding Laboratory, Hasanuddin University, Makassar. Research step consisted of sterilization, stock solutions and culture media preparation, and planting. The observation parameters were plant height, time of leaf formation, number of leaf, leaf length, number of root, root length, and percentage of dead explant. The results obtained from this observation were (1) the provenance significantly affected the time of leaf formation, number of root, root length, and percentage of explant explant, (2) the combination of PGR significantly affected the number of roots and root length, (3) the interaction between PGR and provenance was of a significant effect on the root length, (4) The combination of 1 ppm IBA and 0.5 ppm TDZ showed the best PGR in increasing the root length, (5) combination of 3 ppm IBA and 0.5 ppm TDZ increased the number of root, and (6) Sidrap Provenance was the best PGR based on the number of roots, root length and low mortality rate.
Gone with the wind: Seasonal distribution and habitat use by the reef manta ray (
 Mobula alfredi
 ) in the Maldives, implications for conservation

1. Reef manta rays ( Mobula alfredi ) are one of the ocean's largest and most charismatic species. Pressure from targeted and bycatch fisheries coupled with their conservative life-history traits including slow growth, late maturity, and low fecundity has led to catastrophic declines of the global population. The species is now listed as Vulnerable to Extinction on IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2. The global M. alfredi population is widely distributed in highly fragmented subpopulations. The Maldives supports the world's largest known subpopulation that undergoes seasonal migrations which are thought to be linked to peaks in ocean productivity induced by the South Asian Monsoon. Although the species is protected from targeted fisheries in the region, increasing pressures from habitat degradation and unsustainable tourism activities mean their effective conservation relies upon knowledge of the species' habitat use, seasonal distribution, and the environmental influences on such movements. 3. Photo-ID sighting records and 2017 were used identify key aggregation sites throughout the archipelago, and multiple linear regression and prediction analysis identified the environmental variables affecting variations in the intra-annual sighting frequency of M. alfredi . Mobula were classified as key areas of habitat use. South-west monsoon winds and chlorophyll- a concentration predominantly affected the monthly percentage of M. alfredi sighted on the down-current side of the atolls. 5. In a country where climate change and touristic pressure are increasingly threat-ening this species and its habitat, the identification of key areas of habitat use and temporal changes in the use of these sites highlight the areas that should be prior-itized for protection enabling more effective conservation management.
Industrial Development in Cities

This paper uses data for eight manufacturing industries in 1970 and 1987 to test for and characterize dynamic production externalities in cities. We find evidence of both MAR externalities, which are associated with past own industry employment concentration, and Jacobs externalities, which are associated with past diversity of local total employment. More specifically, for mature capital goods industries, there is evidence of MAR externalities but none of Jacobs externalities. For new high-tech industries, there is evidence of Jacobs and MAR externalities. These findings are consistent with notions of urban specialization and product cycles: new industries prosper in large, diverse metropolitan areas, but with maturity, production decentralizes to smaller, more specialized cities. For mature industries, there is also a high degree of persistence in individual employment patterns across cities, fostered by both MAR externalities and persistence in regional comparative advantage.
A NOTE ON OPTIMA WITH NEGISHI WEIGHTS

The use of time-varying weights in the objectives of multi-region integrated assessment models is common practice, but their effects on the resulting optimum are not well understood. In this paper we discuss the implications of the use of such weights on inter-temporal preferences and on distributional preferences. For the special case of log utility we show analytically that these weights distort regional inter-temporal preferences affecting the implied discount rate and the resulting savings rates in undesirable ways. High growth economies over save and low growth economies under save relative to what they would do if the savings rate was determined by a regionally specific representative agent. The introduced distortions are numerically important, and can imply differences in optimal saving rates of 10 percentage points for high growth countries such as China. Our numerical results hold for utility specification other than the log. On the choice of optimal mitigation – which unlike savings has an inter-temporal effect across regions – we report the previously existing result stating that the optimal choice with the weights is equal to the optimal choice in a model where consumption in all regions is taken to be the global average consumption. We compare this to an alternative optimisation, without weights, but with a constraint against equalisation of consumption. The comparative statics depend on the distributional features of the model.
Assessment of phosphorus fixing capacity in different soil orders of India

Abstract An experiment was conducted to assess the phosphorus fixation capacity in five soils orders with contrasting characteristics at different concentration of added phosphorus. The surface soil (0-15cm) samples were collected from five soil orders namely Alfisols, Inceptisols, Vertisols, Aridisols and Entisols of different locations of India. The collected soil samples were analyzed for physico-chemical properties and phosphorus fixing capacity. The initial soils samples were acidic (5.77) to alkaline (8.53) in reaction, high organic carbon content and low to medium available phosphorus with presence of 663 ppm to 1669 ppm active iron. The maximum phosphorus fixation (%) was observed in Alfisols (88.68) followed by Inceptisols (68.73), Entisols (68.33), Vertisols (66.84) and Aridisols (58.24). About 58-89% of added phosphorus was fixed in the soils and the maximum fixation was in the Alfisols while the least fixation was observed in Aridisols. Alfisols soil showing higher phosphorus fixing capacity might be due to presence of sesquioxide (active iron and aluminum oxides) that complex with phosphate ions. Phosphorus fixation capacity was negative and significant correlated (r = − 0.76*) with soil pH and positively correlated with active iron (r = 0.84*). Multiple regression analysis revealed that 85 percent of phosphorus fixing capacity of soil depends on soil pH, organic carbon, clay and active iron. Under such condition, it must be overcome by application of phosphorus on the basis of cropping sequence instead of individual crop needs to be taken into consideration and use of otherphosphorus sources such as Phosphorus bio-fertilizers, organic manures, and low grade rock phosphates for improving phosphorus use efficiency.
Thiamine deficiency in elderly people Thiamine

Thiamine (vitamin B1), as thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP), is an essential coenzyme in several important energy yielding reactions, including the transketolase reaction in the pentose phosphate pathway. Wholegrain cereals, beans and nuts are rich sources of thiamine. White bread and cereals are fortified with thiamine in many countries. Body storage is minimal. The daily requirement of thiamine is commonly linked to energy intake and expenditure; the current UK recommended nutrient intake for elderly people is 0.4 mg of thiamine per 1000 kcal [1]. Minimum needs may be markedly increased when there is raised metabolic demand (as in acute illness) or when absorption is reduced [2]. In the Western world, overt thiamine deficiency is usually associated with alcoholism. However, biochemical thiamine deficiency has often been found in elderly populations. The reported prevalence in the UK ranges from 8 to 31% for elderly people living at home, and from 23 to 40% for those in nursing homes [3–5]. Biochemical thiamine deficiency has also been reported in 48% of patients admitted to an acute geriatric unit [6]. Two questions arise from this high frequency of biochemical deficiency. First, can we rely on the methods used to measure thiamine levels? Secondly, what, if any, are the clinical implications of these findings?
Study of Maternal and Fetal Outcome of Patients Referred In Third Trimester of Pregnancy at Tertiary Care Hospital

To describe the perinatal and maternal outcomes in patients referred to a Tertiary care hospital, and to evaluate the impact of delay on the fetomaternal outcomes. The Study design isProspective Observational study.The Settings inDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynaec, of Smt. NHL municipal medical college, Smt. S.C. L. Municipal Hospital.The Duration isSeptember 2012 to September 2014. The Methodology is100 patients referred to our unit in emergency were included in our study. A detailed proforma, including history and examination, Investigations, source and reasons for referral, mode of delivery, maternal outcome, perinatal out-come, maternal complications and their management.The results areA Total number of 100 obstetric patients was referred during ourstudy period. 06% of cases were referred from Dai’s, 61% from Primary health care units and 33% from private hospitals The main cause of referral was anaemia (15%) followed by previous caesarean section (12%),Pregnancy Induced Hypertension(11%),Me conium Stained Liquor (10%),Premature Rupture Of Membrane (9%),Oligohydroamnios(6%). Maternal mortality was 2%. Other maternal complications were PPH (6%), post-partum fever (18%), uterine rupture (2%), and pulmonary oedema (1%). Total live birth were 95% and 5% were still birth. In conclusion the Referral rates to tertiary care center are rising continuously. Repeat Caesarean Section and meconium stained liquour, are the top most reasons. Delay in referral is a big contributory factor for adverse maternal and perinatal outcomes. There is an urgent need of provision of 24 hrs emergency Obstetric care system with alert transportation readily available to women in need.
Invasive and surface EMG determination techniques

Muscle fiber conduction velocity (MFCV) is studied in 51 healthy volunteers using an invasive (IMFCV) and a surface (S-MFCV) EMG technique in the biceps brachii, in order to acquire normal values and to study reproducibility and effects of gender and age. In the invasive technique, muscle fibers are directly stimulated with needle electrodes, and the latencies of the evoked potentials are measured by a concentric needle electrode. Surface EMG is used to determine the S-MFCV, the median frequency of the power density spectrum and the integrated EMG (IEMG). A clear correlation between the mean MFCV of both methods is found. The invasive method gives information particularly about the variability of the MFCV, since the fibers are measured irrespective of innervation and recruitment order. The surface method is especially suited for examination of contraction-induced MFCV changes. Its main advantages are, beside the noninvasive character, the easy repeatability and the possibility to measure at different force levels or during continuous contractions. The S-MFCV increases with age. It is hypothesized that this is an effect of hypertrophy in the muscle fibers of the remaining MU's, and therefore a consequence of the physiological motor unit loss during aging. We found a positive correlation between the neuromuscular efficiency (the quotient of force and IEMG) and the mean S-MFCV. It is suggested that this is a reflection of the higher neuromuscular efficiency of type II motor units.