Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Growth of Single‐Crystalline Wurtzite Aluminum Nitride Nanotips with a Self‐Selective Apex Angle

Single‐crystalline, hexagonal aluminum nitride nanotips are fabricated using a vapor‐transport and condensation process (VTCP) on silicon substrates with or without a catalyst layer. The resultant tips have very sharp nanoscale apexes (∼1 nm), while their bases and lengths are up to hundreds of nanometers wide and several micrometers long, respectively. It has been demonstrated that the thickness of the gold‐catalyst layer plays a critical role in controlling the size of the tip; in addition, a catalyst‐free growth mode has been observed, which results in lesser control over the nanotip morphology. Nevertheless, a remarkably narrow distribution of the apex angle of the nanotips, regardless of whether or not a catalyst was used in the VTCP, has been obtained. Compared with the commonly observed ridge and pyramid structures, the nanotips produced by VTCP have higher angles (∼81°) between the tilted (221) and the basal (001) planes that encase it. A mechanism for this self‐selective apex angle in aluminum nitride nanotip growth is proposed.
Field evaluation of a granular activated carbon fluid-bed bioreactor for treatment of chlorobenzene in groundwater

Although granular activated carbon (GAC), fluidized-bed bioreactors have been used for treatment of groundwater containing readily biodegradable organic compounds, there is only limited experience with treatment of chlorinated organics found at many industrial sites. This paper describes a field evaluation of a GAC fluid-bed bioreactor operated at various chlorobenzene concentrations and organic loading rates over a 7-month period. Microorganisms used to seed the bioreactor were provided by activated sludge form the site, as well as indigenous chlorobenzene-degrading bacteria present in the groundwater. Removal efficiencies exceeding 99.99% were achieved at organic loading rates between 6 and 10 pounds of total oxygen demand (lb TOD) per 25 cubic feet per day. Influent chlorobenzene concentrations ranging form 100 to 170 ppm were consistently reduced to below the detection limit of 10 ppb. Economic evaluation indicates that groundwater treatment costs for the bioreactor were lower than other conventional technologies. 44 refs., 9 figs., 5 tabs.
The complete mitochondrial genome analysis and phylogenetic position of the short barbeled grunter Hapalogenys nigripinnis (Lobotiformes: Hapalogenyidae) from Jeju island, Korea

Abstract This study analyzed the complete mitochondrial genome of the short barbeled grunter Hapalogenys nigripinnis (Accession number: MT374064). The complete mitogenome was 16,476 bp long and included 13 protein-coding genes, 22 transfer RNA genes, 2 ribosomal RNA genes, and a control region. Nucleotide composition of the genome was A: 28.70%, T:27.46%, G: 15.73%, and C: 28.11%. All genes were encoded on the H-strand, except for the NADH dehydrogenase subunit (ND6) and 8 tRNA genes. When compared this sequence with the mitogenome of Chinese black grunt, Korean short barbeled grunter showed difference of 64 bp of nucleotide sequence in 20 genes. Phylogenetic tree was constructed using the neighbor-joining (NJ) method and showed the phylogenetic position of the short barbeled grunter in Korea.
Bacteriological Examination Of Cooked Meat And Chicken Meals

Image quality was compared between second- and third-generation CT in 51 pairs of age-matched children (age range, 0–5 years) with no abnormal findings. CT images were reconstructed using filtered back-projection (FBP) and IR. The contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) were calculated at the lentiform nucleus (LN) and white matter (WM). Imaging contrast at the gray–WM interface was rated by two readers.
Systematic assessment of intracoronary pressure-flow relationships in patients with severe aortic stenosis and coronary artery disease before and after transcatheter aortic valve implantation

89 BACKGROUND . 89 METHODS . 89 RESULTS . 90 CONCLUSION . 90 INTRODUCTION . 92 METHODS . 94 PATIENT POPULATION . 94 CARDIAC CATHETERISATION PROTOCOL . 94 12 TAVI PROCEDURE . 95 ANALYSIS OF HAEMODYNAMIC DATA . 95 STATISTICAL ANALYSIS . 96 RESULTS . 98 PATIENT POPULATION AND PROCEDURAL CHARACTERISTICS . 98 CORONARY FLOW VELOCITY PRE AND POST-TAVI . 98 WHOLE CYCLE HAEMODYNAMICS . 98 SYSTOLIC HAEMODYNAMICS . 98 WAVE-FREE PERIOD HAEMODYNAMICS . 99 INDICES OF CORONARY STENOSIS SEVERITY BEFORE AND AFTER TAVI . 99 DISCUSSION . 100 PHASIC CORONARY FLOW IN SEVERE AORTIC STENOSIS . 101 HYPERAEMIC CORONARY FLOW IN SEVERE AORTIC STENOSIS . 102 INDICES OF CORONARY STENOSIS SEVERITY IN SEVERE AORTIC STENOSIS . 103 CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS . 109 LIMITATIONS . 110 CONCLUSIONS . 113 TABLES . 114 TABLE 3.1. BASELINE CLINICAL CHARACTERISTICS . 114 TABLE 3.2. QUANTITATIVE CORONARY ANGIOGRAPHIC DATA . 115
Hydrocracking of n-alkane mixtures on Pt/H-Y zeolite : Chain length dependence of the adsorption and the kinetic constants

The conversion of a mixture of n-hexane, n-heptane, n-octane and n-nonane, in the presence of hydrogen over zeolite Pt/H−Y is modeled using a multicomponent adsorption−reaction scheme. Adsorption parameters for the relevant hydrocarbon molecules are determined using the chromatographic technique. Intrinsic reaction parameters are obtained by the fitting of the model to reaction rate data from catalytic experiments, using the independently determined adsorption parameters. Preferential conversion of the longer n-alkanes in mixtures is caused by competitive adsorption favoring the heavy compounds. Apparent reaction rates in mixtures are controlled by adsorption, increasing with chain length of the n-alkanes, rather than by the individual intrinsic reaction rates of the different n-alkanes, which are similar.
Estudo eletroquímico de Fe[Fe(CN)5NO] em eletrodo de pasta de grafite

Nitroprussiato de ferro (FeNP) foi sintetisado e caracterizado por Infravermelho e absorção atômica. FeNP foi incorporado em eletrodo de pasta de grafite empregando-se como técnica de estudo a voltametria cíclica. O comportamento eletroquímico do eletrodo de pasta de grafite contendo FeNP apresenta dois processos eletródicos com potencial médio (Em) de (Em)1 = 0,24 V e (Em)2 = 0,85 V ( KCl =1,0M; v = 20 mV.s-1 vs ECS) atribuídos aos pares redox ( FeII/FeIII ) e FeII(CN)5NO/ FeIII(CN)5NO, respectivamente. A intensidade de corrente dos pares redox aumenta, linearmente com a velocidade de varredura indicando um controle de adsorção. O eletrodo de pasta de grafite modificada com FeNP apresenta estabilidade por vários dias. O estudo eletroquímico do eletrodo de pasta de grafite modificada com FeNP foi examinado em várias soluções de eletrólitos suporte sendo que a natureza do cátion afetam a intensidade de corrente e os potenciais dos pares redox ,deslocando (Em)1 para potenciais mais positivos na sequência: K+ >Na+>Li+ enquanto que a natureza do anion (Cl-, NO3-,SO4=) não afeta os pares redox. Os voltamogramas obtidos em diferentes concentrações de KCl (0,05 - 2,5 M)exibem deslocamentos do (Em)1 para potencial de valores mais positivos.
A novel reagentless approach for synthesizing cellulose nanocrystal-supported palladium nanoparticles with enhanced catalytic performance

We report a one step and environment-friendly synthesis of cellulose nanocrystal (CN)-supported palladium nanoparticles (Pd NPs) without employing any other reductants, capping or dispersing agents. CNs played a dual role as a supporting matrix and a reductant and they were used to obtain stable dispersions of Pd NPs. The obtained hybrid material exhibited much higher activities than the unsupported and other polymer-supported Pd NPs in the catalyzed reduction of methylene blue and 4-nitrophenol. The approach presented in this paper promotes the use of renewable natural resources to prepare a variety of hybrid inorganic–organic materials for the purpose of catalysis, sensors, and other potential applications.
Influence of the processing parameters and composition on the thermal stability of PLA/nanoclay bio‐nanocomposites

Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) is one the most promising bio-based and biodegradable polymer. However, its low thermal stability limits the range of applications and complicates its transformation via the most industrial common processes. The novelty of this work is studying the thermal stability of PLA and PLA/clay nanocomposites during use, as a function of the composition and using a wide range of extrusion and injection moulding processing parameters. To improve the thermal stability of the PLA, laminar silicates containing different organomodifications have been added (Cloisite 20A and Cloisite 30B). The results show that the processing conditions and composition define the morphology of the bio-nanocomposites, which plays key role in defining final thermal properties of the material. In general, clays improve the thermal stability of the processed material, increasing the degradation temperature and decreasing the degradation rate under a wide range of processing conditions. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 40747.
APPLICATION OF PELEG'S EQUATION IN DESORPTION STUDIES OF FOOD SYSTEMS: A CASE STUDY WITH SAGO METROXYLON SAGU ROTTB STARCH

ABSTRACT Moisture desorption is pertinent to the modelling of dehydration of food systems. The variation of moisture content with time during desorption of sago starch from six towns in Papua New Guinea was analysed using Peleg's equation. Three temperatures (30° 407deg; and 45° C) and four aw ranging from 0.103 - 0.923 were studied. The equation gave a highly significant fit to the experimental data ( r2 - 0.998 - 1.000), the two constants (Ki and K2) were obtained and both constants varied significantly (p< 0.05) with the source of the starch, temperature and aw. Kz was used to calculate the (true) equilibrium moisture content and this was unaffected by the length of the curve used in the computation. The true equilibrium moisture content approximated the moisture content that would have been obtained when weight changes were fairly constant (pseudo-equilibrium moisture content) The true equilibrium moisture content was shown to be more reliable and consequently recommended for sorption studies.
Evaluation of Sr2CoMoO6−δ as anode material in solid-oxide fuel cells: A neutron diffraction study

The oxygen-deficient Sr2CoMoO6−δ double perovskite has been proposed as an anode material in solid-oxide fuel cells (SOFC). The evolution of its crystal structure has been followed by “in situ” temperature-dependent neutron powder diffraction from 23 °C (RT) to 867 °C in the heating and cooling runs in ultrahigh vacuum (PO2≈10−6 Torr) in order to simulate the reducing atmosphere corresponding to the working conditions of an anode in a SOFC. At RT the sample is described as tetragonal in the I4/m space group. When this oxide is heated above Tt=262 °C it undergoes a tetragonal I4/m to cubic Fm-3m phase transition. This phase transition takes place at a temperature around 25 °C lower than that previously described for the oxidized sample, and it is affected by a significant hysteresis (Tt=174 °C in the cooling run). The absence of tilting of the CoO6 and MoO6 octahedra in the high-temperature cubic phase favors the orbital overlap and the electronic conductivity; a high mobility of the oxygen atoms is derive.
The age of museomics : How to get genomic information from museum specimens of Lepidoptera

In the age of museomics, the ability to sequence the genetic material from old museum specimens provides an invaluable and often untapped molecular resource. The application of the latest Next-Generation sequencing (NGS) technologies to such specimens allows us to utilise the diverse biobank that is natural history museums. These approaches provide the opportunity to study both extinct or difficult to collect taxa. The aim of this thesis is to apply NGS techniques to museum specimens of Lepidoptera, to better investigate the types of data generated and their uses.In the first chapter, we use a targeted enrichment (TE) approach to sequence nuclear loci from museum specimens dating back to 1892 for 35 taxa across the order Lepidoptera. Loci recovery ranged from 500-1,747. The success of this technique across the specimens highlights the usefulness of such a kit to study the entire order, thereby enabling the potential to resolve both shallow and deeper nodes in the phylogeny.In the second chapter, we applied the TE approach to three moth families belonging to the superfamily Geometroidea. Thirty-three museum specimens collected between 2001 and 1892 were sequenced from the families Epicopeiidae, Sematuridae and Pseudobistonidae. We recovered up to 1,383 raw loci per individual. Loci recovered in 20 or more specimens were carried forward for phylogenetic analysis, with a final data set consisting of 378 loci. These loci from another 19 publically available genomes and transcriptomes were combined to complete our dataset. We find strong support for the hypothesis that Sematuridae is the sister group to Epicopeiidae + Pseudobistonidae.Further expanding on our results from the TE approach, in the third chapter we apply whole genome sequencing (WGS) to expand our dataset. We sequenced whole genomes of 30 museum specimens of Epicopeiidae and Sematuridae. Recovery of the 387 loci from the TE experiment ranged from 20 - 94%. The resulting phylogeny confirms the phylogenetic relationships within these families. Additionally, we compared the data generated between the two approaches, presenting the advantages and disadvantages of each approach.In the final chapter, we investigated the usefulness of museum specimen WGS for population genomics studies. Data was generated for 13 specimens of Pieris napi, a common butterfly in Sweden. The availability of a recently published genome allows us to demonstrate that ~81% of the recovered DNA is from the target specimen. Average genomic coverage was 15.6X for nuclear DNA, and 1,963X for the mitochondria. We found that individuals originating from Abisko are genetically distinct from the remaining P. napi populations. This study highlights the potential of museum specimens for looking at changes in population genetic dynamics through time.In summary, we show the usefulness of various museomics applications. In particular, we focus on the use of TE and WGS for phylogenomic studies. Additionally, we highlight that WGS sequencing can also be utilized for population genetic-based studies, opening a window to the past. (Less)
Venus O2 visible and IR nightglow : implications for lower thermosphere dynamics and chemistry

The National Center for Atmospheric Research thermospheric general circulation model for the Venus thermosphere is modified to examine two observed night airglow features, both of which serve as sensitive tracers of the thermospheric circulation. New O2 nightglow data from the Pioneer Venus Orbiter (PVO) star tracker (O2 Herzberg II at 400–800 nm) and ground-based telescopes (O2 IR at 1.27 μm) (Allen et al., 1992) yield additional model constraints for estimating Venus winds over 100–130 km. Atomic oxygen, produced by dayside CO2 photolysis peaking near 110 km, and transported to the nightside by the global wind system, is partially destroyed through three-body recombination, yielding the O2 Herzberg II visible nightglow. This emission is very sensitive to horizontal winds at altitudes between 100 and 130 km. Other trace species catalytic reactions also contribute to the production of the very strong nightside infrared (1.27 μm) emission. This paper examines the dynamical and chemical implications of these new data using the Venus thermospheric general circulation model (VTGCM) as an analysis tool. Three-dimensional calculations are presented for both solar maximum and solar medium conditions, corresponding to early PVO (1979–1981) and PVO entry (mid-1992) time periods. Very distinct periods are identified in which zonal winds are alternately weak and strong in the Venus lower thermosphere. VTGCM sensitivity studies are conducted to assess the impacts of potential changes in thermospheric zonal and day-to-night winds, and eddy diffusion on the corresponding nightglow intensities. It appears that cyclostrophic balance extends above 80 km periodically, owing to a reversal of the upper mesosphere latitudinal temperature gradient, and thereby producing strong zonal winds and correspondingly modified O2 nightglow distributions that are observed.
Prevalence and clinical characteristics of nigerian patients with early-onset type 2 diabetes

Background: The prevalence of early-onset type2 diabetes is increasing, and there are indications that the clinical characteristics may be differentfrom late-onset type2 diabetes. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of early-onset T2D among the clinic population of a tertiary academic health centre in Nigeria and to describe and compare the clinical characteristics of early and lateonset T2D.Method: Demographic and clinical parameters were retrospectively retrieved from the case records of patients in the clinic registry of a diabetes clinic of an academic health institution. Patients with clinical T2D diagnosed =40 years (Early Onset T2D- ET2D) were compared with T2D patients diagnosed at >40 years (Late Onset T2D- LT2D). Data were captured and analysed using SPSS version 20. Categorical variables in the two groups were compared using Chi-Square, while continuous variables were compared using Student's t-test.Results: Out of 589 subjects with complete data, 256 (43.5%) were males and had a mean current age of 60.1 (11.6) years and median diabetes duration of 10.0 (IQR 14.7). Prevalence of subjects with early-onset diabetes in the cohort was 17%. Diabetes duration was longer in ET2D than LT2D {10 (IQR 14.8) versus 7.0 (8.0), p = 0.000}. Proportion of ET2D with poor glycaemic control was significantly higher compared to LT2D {54 (70.1) versus 204 (53.3), p = 0.007}. Also more ET2D were on insulin compared with LT2D {31 (33.0) versus 97 (20.8), p = 0.029}. Conclusion: ET2D patients of this Nigerian population appear to be significantly different in some clinical profile from LT2D. This may imply a possible lifetime increase in microvascular complications and cardiovascular events in a productive age group of society.
Development of CDD‐0102 as a selective M1 agonist for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease

Selective muscarinic agonists might be useful in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. To help characterize the activity and functional selectivity of two M1 muscarinic agonists, secretion of amyloid precursor protein, brain penetration, side effect profiles, cognition‐enhancing properties, oral bioavailability, and acute toxicity were evaluated. CDD‐0102 stimulated the secretion of APP from CHO‐K1 cells expressing M1 receptors and penetrated into the brain following i.p. administration in rodents. CDD‐0102 produced relatively few cholinergic side effects (e.g., diarrhea, salivation) following i.p. administration in mice. The effects of muscarinic agonists on memory function were examined following bilateral injections of 192 IgG‐saporin into the diagonal band of rats to lesion basal forebrain cholinergic pathways. 192 IgG‐saporin produced decreases in cortical and hippocampal choline acetyltransferase activity and impaired performance of a paired‐run, delayed‐alternation task in a T‐maze relative to vehicle‐injected controls. Toxin‐treated rats performed significantly better following i.p. injections (1 mg/kg) of either xanomeline or CDD‐0102 as compared with saline. Prominent cholinergic side effects (e.g., diarrhea) were apparent only following xanomeline treatments. In separate studies, oral administration of CDD‐0102 (10 mg/kg) reversed the memory deficits induced by 192 IgG‐saporin in the T‐maze task. Rats achieved 54 ± 4.2% correct choices with saline, but 94 ± 1.2% following CDD‐0102 injection. In acute toxicity studies in mice, the LD50 of CDD‐0102 was greater than 1,000 mg/kg orally; 190 mg/kg i.p. The LD50 of xanomeline was 100 mg/kg p.o. and 75 mg/kg i.p. In summary, both xanomeline and CDD‐0102 displayed beneficial effects on memory function, while CDD‐0102 also exhibited a low side effect profile and low toxicity. CDD‐0102 warrants further evaluation as a therapeutic agent for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Drug Dev. Res. 57:200–213, 2002. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Determination and Validation of Henry’s Constant for Ozone in Phosphate Buffers Using Different Analytical Methodologies

Different procedures for measuring the concentration of ozone in aqueous buffered solutions have been reviewed for the determination of Henry’s constant at different temperatures and pH. Iodometry, indigo trisulfonate and iron (II) chemical methods were compared with the direct UV absorbance measurement of ozone at 258 nm. From these data a new value for the molar extinction coefficient of ozone is proposed as 3840 ± 109 M−1 cm−1. After the verification of the ozone analysis methods, the solubility of ozone in phosphate buffer medium was studied with in-situ absorbance direct measurements in a device with high gas-liquid transference rate, minimizing the gas desorption process on sample manipulation. The decomposition of ozone was not detected at the experimental conditions tested and, consequently, the observed solubility of ozone is constant, with the pH ranging from 2 to 7.6. The solubility of ozone was measured between 5 and 35 °C, resulting in a dimensionless solubility ratio of HB0 = 1.797 exp[0.0277·t(°C)].
Influence of Pentatomid Insects on the Physical Dough Properties and Two-layered Flat Bread Baking Quality of Syrian Wheat

Abstract Field investigations were carried out of the incidence of pentatomid insects at different stages of development, as well as development of the maturing wheat plant, and revealed that the insects can cause damage to the wheat grain while in both nymphal and adult stages. The influence of pentatomid infestation on quality characteristics of bread and durum wheats is described. The influence of pentatomid-infested kernels on physical dough characteristics and two-layer flat bread baking quality was studied. As little as 5% damaged kernels changed the physicochemical properties of the wheat. Farinograph development and stability times were reduced by 60% and 85%, respectively, while the mixing tolerance index was increased by 300% (from 50 to 310 Brabender units). Two-layered flat bread baking quality was rather more tolerant of small amounts of damaged kernels, but additions of 10% or more had a significant effect on bread quality, and the presence of 20% damaged kernels made it impossible to produce satisfactory two-layered flat bread. Dough-handling properties were affected to the extent that the dough could not be moulded or sheeted, and the bread burned during the short (45 s) baking time.
Catalytic hydrotreatment of fast pyrolysis oil: Model studies on reaction pathways for the carbohydrate fraction

Fast pyrolysis oil can be upgraded by a catalytic hydrotreatment (250–400°C, 100–200 bar) using heterogeneous catalysts such as Ru/C to hydrocarbon‐like products that can serve as liquid transportation fuels. Insight into the complex reaction pathways of the various component fractions during hydrotreatment is desirable to reduce the formation of by‐products such as char and gaseous components. This paper deals with the catalytic hydrotreatment of representative model components for the carbohydrate fraction (viz., D‐glucose and D‐cellobiose) present in concentrations of 20–40% in fast pyrolysis oils. The hydrotreatment was conducted at a temperature of 250°C and 100 bar hydrogen using Ru and Pd on carbon catalysts in water. Two parallel reaction pathways are then observed, a thermal noncatalyzed pathway leading to insoluble humins (char) and a hydrogenation pathway leading to smaller polyols and gaseous hydrocarbons such as methane and ethane. The implications of these findings for the catalytic hydrotreatment of fast pyrolysis oil are discussed. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 2009