Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Physics and applications of three-ion ICRF scenarios for fusion research

This paper summarizes the physical principles behind the novel three-ion scenarios using radio frequency waves in the ion cyclotron range of frequencies (ICRF). We discuss how to transform mode conversion electron heating into a new flexible ICRF technique for ion cyclotron heating and fast-ion generation in multi-ion species plasmas. The theoretical section provides practical recipes for selecting the plasma composition to realize three-ion ICRF scenarios, including two equivalent possibilities for the choice of resonant absorbers that have been identified. The theoretical findings have been convincingly confirmed by the proof-of-principle experiments in mixed H–D plasmas on the Alcator C-Mod and JET tokamaks, using thermal 3He and fast D ions from neutral beam injection as resonant absorbers. Since 2018, significant progress has been made on the ASDEX Upgrade and JET tokamaks in H–4He and H–D plasmas, guided by the ITER needs. Furthermore, the scenario was also successfully applied in JET D–3He plasmas as a technique to generate fusion-born alpha particles and study effects of fast ions on plasma confinement under ITER-relevant plasma heating conditions. Tuned for the central deposition of ICRF power in a small region in the plasma core of large devices such as JET, three-ion ICRF scenarios are efficient in generating large populations of passing fast ions and modifying the q-profile. Recent experimental and modeling developments have expanded the use of three-ion scenarios from dedicated ICRF studies to a flexible tool with a broad range of different applications in fusion research.
Polycladida (Platyhelminthes, Rhabditophora) from Cape Verde and related regions of Macaronesia

The systematics and distribution of the order Polycladida within the Macaronesian archipelagos are analysed. New species (Marcusia alba sp. nov., Prostheceraeus crisostomum sp. nov., Parviplana sodade sp. nov., Euplana claridade sp. nov., Stylochus salis sp. nov. and Distylochus fundae sp. nov.), new variety (Pseudoceros rawlinsonae var. galaxy), new records and records of shared species among different archipelagos are studied to compare the marine flatworm biodiversity of each island. The complex of archipelagos known as Macaronesia (including Madeira, Selvagens Islands, Canary Islands, Azores and Cape Verde) share a volcanic origin and European political influence. The five archipelagos are located along the eastern coast of the Atlantic Ocean and are subject to similar trade winds, streams (like the Gulf Stream) and cold currents. The term Macaronesia has suffered several changes throughout the years and it still is a topic of discussion in present times. The new delimitation of Macaronesia is mainly based on systematic studies on the invertebrate fauna of the islands. The resulting analyses shed new light on the differences and similarities among these archipelagos. In addition, molecular analyses employing 28S nuclear gene sequences are compared to verify relationships among anatomically similar species of marine polyclads.
The Effect of Green Human Resource Management on Environmental Performance in Small Tourism Enterprises: Mediating Role of Pro-Environmental Behaviors

Research on the interrelationship between green human resource management (GHRM), employee pro-environmental behaviors, and environmental performance remains very limited, especially in relation to small tourism enterprises. This research bridges a knowledge gap and examines the direct effect of GHRM on environmental performance in small tourism enterprises and the indirect effect through employee pro-environmental behaviors. For this purpose, a quantitative research approach was adopted using a pre-tested instrument. A questionnaire was handed to employees in small hotels and travel agencies in Greater Cairo, Egypt. The results of structural equation modeling (SEM) showed a positive significant effect of GHRM on both types of pro-environmental behaviors (tasked-related and proactive). However, the results, surprisingly, showed no significant direct effect of GHRM on environmental performance. Notwithstanding, there was an indirect, positive, and significant effect of GHRM on environmental performance through tasked-related and proactive pro-environmental behaviors. This reflects the value and vital role of employee pro-environmental behaviors in the relationship between GHRM and environmental performance in small tourism enterprises. The research provided various implications for tourism scholars and practitioners, especially those related to small tourism enterprises. Research limitations and opportunities for further research are also discussed.
Narcissistic Personality Measures Discriminate Between Young Women With and Without Tattoos

Tattooing was proposed as a creative way for self-expression of the individuality. In the present study we assessed possible association between tattoos and narcissistic personality characteristics. To this end we have evaluated the interaction between narcissism and presence of tattoos in young women. Young women (aged 18-35 years) with (N=60) and without (N=60) tattoos completed the Narcissistic Personality Inventory (NPI). Women with tattoos had received significantly higher scores of the Exhibition subscale of the NPI than those without tattoos. A logistic regression analysis demonstrated that high level of Exhibition subscale and low level of education are significant contributors to getting tattoo amongst young women.
Influence of supply chain technology responsiveness on supply chain and market performance

ABSTRACT Innovation adoption is linked to firm competitiveness, yet guidance about adopting a proactive stance across a portfolio of technologies is circumspect. We examine relationships between firm technology responsiveness and performance within the supply chain technology (SCT) domain. We derive a behavioral measure of SCT responsiveness by matching survey responses from 274 supply chain managers reflecting the organization’s technology adoption patterns across a portfolio of SCTs with measures of technology novelty. Findings suggest focal relationships are non-linear. In line with resource embeddedness, we find that positive effects of SCT responsiveness are stronger with high levels of key channel partner transaction-specific investments.
Combination on endophytic fungal as the Plant Growth-Promoting Fungi (PGPF) on cucumber (Cucumis sativus)

Abstract. Syamsia S, Idhan A, Firmansyah AP, Noerfitryani N, Rahim I, Kesaulya H, Armus R. 2021. Combination on endophytic fungal as the Plant Growth-Promoting Fungi (PGPF) on Cucumber (Cucumis sativus). Biodiversitas 22: 1194-1202. Endophytic fungi are known to stimulate plant growth by producing secondary metabolites, including phytohormones (IAA and Gibberellins), siderophore, phosphate-solubilizing metabolites. In this study, a total of six endophytic fungi were successfully isolated from local rice plants and showed different abilities in producing secondary metabolites, during single isolates testing. These six isolates were then combined to obtain 15 combinations for analysis, to determine the best combination for application as a plant growth promoter. Subsequently, each combination was tested for phytohormones (IAA, gibberellins) and siderophore (quantitatively)-producing activity, phosphate-solubilizing ability, and the effect on cucumber (Cucumis sativus L) plant growth. F13 showed activity in producing IAA and produced the highest gibberellin levels, while F1 exhibited the highest phosphate-solubilizing activity. In addition, F11 (Na-salicylate) and F1 (catechol) showed the highest siderophore activity, while a combination of F6, F8, F9, and F12 successfully increased plant height growth. Also, F4 increased the root growth, while the fresh weight of cucumber was increased by F8 treatment, under controlled conditions. Molecular analysis showed the tested isolates have close similarity to Daldinia eschscholtzii, Sarocladium oryzae, Rhizoctonia oryzae, Penicillium allahabadense, and Aspergillus foetidus. The combination of endophyte fungal isolates showed potential as plant growth promoters, however, further testing on several plant types is required before the combination is to be widely applied.
Investigation of the origin and genetic diversity of wild boars in Northeast Asia via mitochondrial D-loop markers

Background Northeast Asia is one of the most important wild boar resources habitats in China. The origin and genetic diversity of wild boars in this region are not currently clear. Results In this study, we determined the mtDNA D-loop sequences of 23 wild boars from Northeast Asia and analysed the sequences of 480 Eurasian wild boars available from NCBI. The Eurasian wild boar sequence pool included a total of 21 D-loop haplotypes, among which 27 SNPs were distributed. The phylogenetic tree showed that Eurasian wild boars could be divided into two major groups: Northeast Asian wild boars were mainly concentrated in group A, dominated by East Asian wild boars, while group B consisted of West Asian and European wild boars. Haplotypes 2, 11, 13, and 14 of group A in Southeast China shared position 120C with the outgroup, indicating that they might represent the ancestral group of wild boars. The observed geographical distribution and haplotype heat maps further showed that all the Eurasian wild boars were separately distributed and differentiated from native-born boars in Southeast China. Similarly, Northeast Asian wild boars belonged to one of the branches. Conclusions Taken together, the results show that Heilongjiang Province exhibits higher wild boar diversity than Jilin, Liaoning, Inner Mongolia and South Korea and is likely to be the distribution centre in Northeast Asia.
Eyes on the Goal! Exploring Interactive Artistic Real-Time Energy Interfaces for Target-Specific Actions in the Built Environment

Current research is focused on sensing and modeling occupant behavior to predict it and automate building controls. Another line of research recommends influencing the behavior of occupants through feedback mechanisms and engagement. Yet, most of the work has focused on pushing occupants to reduce energy consumption over a long time and does not explore the potential to guide users to take specific actions promptly. The study examines a new interface mechanism that aims to solicit immediate and predefined actions from occupants. Building on seminal research in the field, the study uses art visualization to reinterpret social feedback. We test this approach in an immersive interaction space where participants react to artistic visuals to attain predefined settings for three indoor devices. In the 197 interactions recorded, participants’ overall actions conformed with the predefined goals. The participants were able to reach all or some of the targets in more than 80%, within an average of less than 30 seconds. We also see that complementing the visuals with textual hints improved the interaction in terms of engagement and accuracy. We conclude that ambient, abstract, and artistic real-time goal-driven feedback is effective in influencing immediate actions. We recommend that guiding occupants didactically has a strong potential for advancing building controls.
Short Daytime Napping Reduces the Risk of Cognitive Decline in Community-Dwelling Elderly Individuals: a 5-Year Longitudinal Study

Background: Beneficial effects of napping on cognition have been suggested in cross-sectional studies. This study aimed to clarify longitudinal associations between cognitive decline and sleep characteristics, particularly daytime napping, over a 5-year period in older adults. Methods: Study participants were 389 community-dwelling individuals aged ≥65 years living in Ojiya City, Niigata, Japan. Baseline and follow-up examinations were conducted in 2011-2013 and 2016-2018, respectively. Trained nurses visited and interviewed participants to collect the following information: demographic characteristics, disease history, lifestyle habits including sleep and daytime napping, and cognitive function at baseline; and cognitive function at follow-up. The assessment of cognitive function was performed using the revised Hasegawa’s dementia scale (HDS-R), with cognitive decline defined as a 5-year change in HDS-R of ≤–3. Odds ratios (ORs) for cognitive decline were calculated using multiple logistic regression analysis.Results: Mean age of participants was 74.6 years (SD 6.4), and the cumulative incidence of cognitive decline was 106/389 (27.3%). The multivariable-adjusted OR for 1-29 min daytime napping was significantly lower compared to that for no napping (OR=0.47, 95%CI: 0.23-0.96). Bedtime was inversely associated with cognitive decline (multivariable-adjusted P for trend=0.0480). Conclusion: Short daytime napping (<30 min) reduces the risk of 5-year cognitive decline in community-dwelling older people. A future study will be necessary to confirm the effect of short napping on the reduction of risk for clinically diagnosed dementia.
Occupational stress and burnout among frontline Egyptian anesthesiologists during COVID-19 outbreak in Egypt

ABSTRACT Background: The COVID-19 outbreak was induced by a novel coronavirus initially discovered in Wuhan, Hubei province of China, in December 2019. The frontline anesthesiologists working in intensive care units at quarantine hospitals are under tremendous pressure and at risk of contracting COVID-19 since the beginning of the quarantine. This overwhelming situation can make them prone to psychological stress and burnout. Materials and Methods: We did self ‑ administered questionnaire‑based observational cross‑sectional study that sent by e-mail to Egyptian anesthesiologists. Objectives: The objectives were to measure levels of stress and burnout in frontline anesthesiologists working at ICU of the quarantine hospitals ICU during the current COVID-19 outbreak and to investigate the potential sociodemographic features, job characteristics, and working conditions associated with distress among anesthesiologists. Results: Of 150 participants, continuous working shift for 2 weeks, young age, and lack of support during work time were significantly associated with higher stress scores with increased values ranged from 2.5 points for lack of support to 3.7 for continuous work shift. As for burnout, continuous working shift for 2 weeks, young age, and having duties all shift time were significantly associated with higher burnout score with increased values ranged from 1.1 for high duties to 3.7 for continuous work shift. Conclusion: Stress and burnout among anesthesiologists were caused by the continuous work regime, overloaded work, and lack of support. Identifying the triggering factors during this study with targeted interventions and psychosocial support will help to change the environment of the work to minimize the sources of stress.
Mapping snow depth and volume at the alpine watershed scale from aerial imagery using Structure from Motion

Time series mapping of snow volume in the mountains at global scales and at resolutions needed for water resource management is an unsolved challenge to date. Snow depth mapping by differencing surface elevations from airborne lidar is a mature measurement approach filling the observation gap operationally in a few regions, primarily in mountain headwaters in the Western United States. The same concept for snow depth retrieval from stereo- or multi-view photogrammetry has been demonstrated, but these previous studies had limited ability to determine the uncertainties of photogrammetric snow depth at the basin scale. For example, assessments used non-coincident or discrete points for reference, masked out vegetation, or compared a subset of the fully snow-covered study domain. Here, using a unique data set with simultaneously collected airborne data, we compare snow depth mapped from multi-view Structure from Motion photogrammetry to that mapped by lidar at multiple resolutions over an entire mountain basin (300 km2). After excluding reconstruction errors (negative depths), SfM had lower snow-covered area (∼27%) and snow volume (∼16%) compared to lidar. The reconstruction errors were primarily in areas with vegetation, shallow snow (< 1 m), and steep slopes (> 60°C). Across the overlapping snow extent, snow depths compared well to lidar with similar mean values (< 0.03 m difference) and snow volume (± 5%) for output resolutions of 3 m and 50 m, and with a normalized median absolute deviation of 0.19 m. Our results indicate that photogrammetry from aerial images can be applied in the mountains but would perform best for deeper snowpacks above tree line.
The influence of the depth of the ground water table on free field road traffic‐induced vibrations

This paper describes the influence of seasonal variations of the ground water table on free field traffic‐induced vibrations. The passage of a truck on two types of road unevenness is considered: a joint in a road pavement consisting of concrete plates and a speed bump with a sinusoidal profile. Free field vibrations are computed with a two‐step solution procedure, where the computation of the vehicle axle loads is decoupled from the solution of the road–soil interaction problem. The impedance of the soil is calculated using a boundary element method, based on the Green's functions for a dry layer on top of a saturated half‐space. It is demonstrated that, in the low‐frequency range of interest, wave propagation in the saturated half‐space can be modelled with an equivalent single phase medium as an alternative to Biot's poroelastic theory for saturated porous media. The relation between the free field velocity and the depth of the ground water table is dominated by three phenomena: (1) the compressibility of the soil decreases due to the presence of the pore water, (2) the ground water table introduces a layering of the soil which may cause resonance of the dry layer and (3) refracted P‐waves in the dry layer interfere with surface waves. If the depth of the ground water table is large with respect to the wavelength of the vibrations in the soil, the response tends to the response of a dry half‐space. The average free field velocity is equal to the velocity in the absence of ground water. If the depth of the ground water table is small with respect to the wavelength of the vibrations in the soil, the response tends to the response of a saturated half‐space and resonance of the dry layer does not occur. The average free field velocity is smaller than the velocity in the absence of ground water. The interference of refracted P‐waves and surface waves causes an additional oscillation of the response as a function of the excitation frequency and the distance between the road and the receiver. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Evaluation of co-inhibition characteristics of potassium permanganate with sodium tungstate for the protection of carbon steel

IT IS NOT feasible to use tungstate alone as a corrosion inhibitor in industrial cooling water systems due to its low oxidizing ability and high cost In this paper the co-inhibition characteristics of sodium tungstate arediscussed in detail. Potassium permanganate was selected as co-inhibiton for this, and an inhibitor combination of 400ppm sodium tungstate and 200 potassium prmanganate was found optimum. Based on detailed studies carried out under different static and dynamic experimental conditions, different parameters including the effect of oxygen on the inhibition process, passive film strength, effect of inhibitor depletion, deaeration, etc., were investigated. The mechanism of passivation was proposed based on spectral evidence.
Atmospheric Deposition of ^7Be in the Southeast of China: A Case Study in Xiamen

Atmospheric deposition of ^7Be was measured at a time-series station in the southeast of China (Xiamen) from 2011 to 2013. The deposition fluxes of ^7Be ranged from 0.05 Bq m^(–2) d^(–1) to 7.42 Bq m^(–2) d^(–1), averaging 1.87 ± 0.10 Bq m^(–2) d^(–1). High fluxes occurred in months with northeast monsoon, and low values were observed in the southwest monsoon prevailing months. The significant correlations between ^7Be deposition and precipitation, existing in both northeast and southwest monsoon seasons, suggested the dominant removal of atmospheric ^7Be via precipitation. However, the correlations showed a large slope for the northeast monsoon season, indicating higher ^7Be contents in the atmosphere during the northeast monsoon prevailing months, supported by the precipitation-normalized ^7Be and the temporal variability of ^7Be/^(210)Pb ratios. Such a scenario revealed more intensive exchange of air mass between the stratosphere and troposphere during the northeast monsoon prevailing months. Together with the high pollutant concentrations in ambient air observed in these seasons, the results indicated that the pollutants in Xiamen might enter into the upper troposphere via vertical air mass exchange.
Global Dust Optical Depth Climatology Derived from CALIOP and MODIS 
Aerosol Retrievals on Decadal Time Scales: Regional and Interannual Variability

Abstract. We present a satellite-derived global dust climatological record over the last two decades, including the monthly mean visible dust optical depth (DAOD) and vertical distribution of dust extinction coefficient at a 2º (latitude) × 5º (longitude) spatial resolution derived from CALIOP and MODIS. Dust is distinguished from non-dust aerosols based on particle shape information (e.g., lidar depolarization ratio) for CALIOP, and on dust size and absorption information (e.g., fine-mode fraction, Angstrom exponent, and single-scattering albedo) for MODIS, respectively. On multi-year average basis, the global (60° S–60° N) and annual mean DAOD is 0.029 and 0.063 derived from CALIOP and MODIS retrievals, respectively. In most dust active regions, CALIOP DAOD generally correlates well with the MODIS DAOD, with CALIOP DAOD being significantly smaller. CALIOP DAOD is 18 %, 34 %, 54 % and 31 % smaller than MODIS DAOD over Sahara Deserts, the tropical Atlantic Ocean, the Caribbean Sea, and the Arabian Sea, respectively. Over East Asia and the northwestern Pacific Ocean (NWP), however, the two datasets show weak correlation. Despite these discrepancies, CALIOP and MODIS show similar seasonal and interannual variations in regional DAOD. For dust aerosol over NWP, both CALIOP and MODIS show a declining trend of DAOD at a rate of about 2 % yr−1. This decreasing trend is consistent with the observed declining trend of DAOD in the southern Gobi Desert at a rate of −3 % yr−1 and −5 % yr−1 according to CALIOP and MODIS, respectively. The decreasing trend of DAOD in the southern Gobi Desert is in turn found to be significantly correlated with an increasing trend of vegetation and a decreasing trend of surface wind speed in the area.
Nonequivalent definitions and student conceptions of tangent lines in calculus

Tangent lines are often first introduced to students in geometry during the study of circles. The topic may be repeatedly reintroduced to students in different contexts throughout their schooling, and often each reintroduction is accompanied by a new, nonequivalent definition of tangent lines. In calculus, tangent lines are again reintroduced to students with the standard definition which is dependent on the derivative. This study will examine how students' experiences with tangent lines inside and outside of the calculus classroom can affect their understanding of the concept.