Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Changes in dispensing of medicines proposed for re-purposing in the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic in Australia

Purpose: We quantified changes in dispensing of common medicines proposed for 're-purposing' due to their perceived benefits as therapeutic or preventive treatments for COVID-19 in Australia, a country with relatively low COVID-19 incidence in 2020. Methods: We performed an interrupted time series analysis and cross-sectional study using nationwide dispensing claims data (January 2017-November 2020). We focused on six subsidised medicines proposed for re-purposing: hydroxychloroquine, azithromycin, ivermectin, colchicine, corticosteroids, and calcitriol (Vitamin D analogue). We quantified changes in monthly dispensing and initiation trends during COVID-19 (March-November 2020) using autoregressive integrated moving average models (ARIMA) and compared characteristics of initiators in 2020 and 2019. Results: In March 2020, we observed a 99% (95%CI 96%-103%) increase in hydroxychloroquine dispensing (of which approximately 30% attributable to new use), and a 251% increase (95%CI 232%-270%) in initiation, with a shift towards prescribing by general practitioners (42% in 2020 vs 25% in 2019) rather than specialists. These increases subsidised following regulatory restrictions on prescribing to relevant specialties. There was also a small but sustained increase in ivermectin dispensing over multiple months, with a 104% (95%Ci 63%-145%) increase in initiation in May 2020 following its first identification as potentially disease-modifying in April 2020. Other than increases in March related to stockpiling among existing users, we observed no increases in initiation of calcitriol or colchicine during COVID-19. Dispensing of corticosteroids and azithromycin remained low after March 2020. Conclusions: Most increases in dispensing observed early on during COVID-19 were temporary and appear to be related to stockpiling among existing users. However, we observed increases in initiation of hydroxychloroquine and ivermectin and a shift in prescribing patterns, indicating that a small proportion may be COVID-19 related. A quick response by regulators can help limit inappropriate repurposing to lessen the impact on medicine supply and patient harms.
The Effects of a Novel Bridging Liquid Mixtures on Lignite Enrichment Using the Oil Agglomeration Process

ABSTRACT This study investigated enrichment of lignite coal with oil agglomeration by using the mixtures of different bridging liquids. In oil agglomeration, the effects of many processing parameters such as the bridging liquid type and concentration, solid ratio and agglomeration time were investigated. The most suitable oil agglomeration conditions were determined to be a mixture of 40% of LIX 84-I + 60% of kerosene (wt.%) as a bridging liquid, 20% (wt.%) of bridging liquid concentration, solid ratio of 3.6% (wt.%) and 15 minutes of agglomeration time. Using these optimum conditions, the ash content of lignite was reduced from 49.60% to 10.33%, at a yield and combustible recovery of 32.80% and 58.36%, respectively.
Deactivation of Co-Based Fischer–Tropsch Catalyst by Aerosol Deposition of Potassium Salts

A 20%Co/0.5%Re/γAl2O3 Fischer–Tropsch catalyst was poisoned by four potassium salts (KNO3, K2SO4, KCl, and K2CO3) using the aerosol deposition technique, depositing up to 3500 ppm K as solid particles. Standard characterization techniques (H2 chemisorption, BET, TPR) showed no difference between treated samples and their unpoisoned counterpart. The Fischer–Tropsch activity was investigated at industrially relevant conditions (210 °C, H2:CO = 2:1, 20 bar). The catalytic activity was significantly reduced for samples exposed to potassium, and the loss of activity was more severe with higher potassium loadings, regardless of the potassium salt used. A possible dual deactivation effect by potassium and the counterion (chloride and sulfate) is observed with the samples poisoned by KCl and K2SO4. The selectivity toward heavier hydrocarbons (C5+) was slightly increased with increasing potassium loading, while the CH4 selectivity was reduced for all the treated samples. The results support the idea that potassium.
Distribution of Phenolic Acids and Antioxidant Activities of Different Bran Fractions from Three Pigmented Wheat Varieties

Phenolic acid profiles and antioxidant activities of outer bran, coarse bran, and shorts from blue, black, and purple wheat were analyzed. Phenolic acids were mainly in the bound form in pigmented wheat bran fractions. Phenolic acid content decreased in the order of outer bran, coarse bran, and shorts for the three pigmented wheat varieties. HPLC analysis of phenolic extracts demonstrated that the bound form of phenolic acids contained more ferulic, isoferulic, and p-coumaric acids compared to their free counterparts. Among the three pigmented wheat varieties, the bran fractions from blue wheat contained higher bound phenolic acids than the other two pigmented wheat bran fractions, except for purple coarse bran. The blue wheat outer bran had the highest total bound phenolic acid of 3458.71 μg/g while the purple wheat shorts had the lowest of 1730.71 μg/g. The contribution of bound phenolic acids to the total phenolic content and antioxidant activity was significantly higher than that of free phenolic acids. Blue wheat bran fractions had the highest radical scavenging activity against DPPH∙ while those of purple wheat gained the highest ABTS∙+ scavenging activity. High correlations were observed between TPC and radical scavenging capacities for DPPH and ABTS ( , ).
Study on Processing Technology and Quality of Moringa oleifera leaves with y - Aminobutyric Acid

In order to obtain the high level of γ-aminobutyric acid Moringa oleifera leaves, Use 7% sodium glutamate solution to soak the fresh Moringa oleifera leaves, study effect of different treatment times and three different drying methods( hot air drying, vacuum freeze drying, shadow drying) on the formation of y-aminobutyric acid and quality (total flavonoids, soluble sugar, amino acids, polyphenols, color)of dried Moringa oleifera leaves. The results indicated that shadow-dried Moringa oleifera leaves had the hightest retention of γ-aminobutyric acid, but its browning degree were not preferable, soluble sugar was damaged gravely, and its vulnerable to weather conditions. Vacuum freeze dried Moringa oleifera leaves had the hightest retention of flavonoids, polyphenols and amino acids. The y-aminobutyric acid content of Vacuum freeze dried and hot air dried Moringa oleifera leaves had no much difference. Hot air dried Moringa oleifera leaves browning degree were preferable, it’s had an moderate content of soluble sugar and amino acids, the short drying time is characteristics of this drying method.with the treatment time increased, the content of γ-aminobutyric acid and amino acids content first increased and then decreased. Flavonoids and polyphenols content first decreased and then increased. Soluble sugar content decreased. In summary, after soaking with 7% sodium glutamate solution for 10h, then dried by hot air drying(drying temperature of 60°C), was the most suitable way for industrial production of the high level of γ-aminobutyric acid Moringa oleifera leaves.
Resource-use efficiency in maize production: the case of smallholder farmers in Ghana

This study aimed to evaluate the efficiency with which smallholder maize farmers use their input resources such as land, labor, capital, fertilizers, herbicides, pesticides, and improved seed in maize production. The study used the multi-stage sampling technique to collect cross-sectional data from 600 smallholder maize producers from the northern, Brong-Ahafo, eastern, and central regions of Ghana. This study employed the marginal value product (MVP) to marginal factor cost (MFC) ratio (MVP/MFC) of the input resources. The results revealed an increased return to scale, meaning smallholder maize farmers in the pooled sample and the studied regions should enlarge their production scale by about 3.2%, 2.2%, 7.6%, 6.8%, and 2.8%, respectively, to maximize productivity. The results also revealed that resource inputs like fertilizer, herbicides, pesticides, improved seed, and land were underutilized. Therefore, these resources need to be increased if smallholder maize farmers in the pooled sample want to be efficient in their production. Labor and capital were over-utilized and needed to be reduced to increase efficiency in the farmers' maize production.
The crystal structure of (E)-N′-(quinolin-2-ylmethylene)furan-2-carbohydrazide monohydrate, C15H13N3O3

Abstract C15H13N3O3, triclinic, P1̅, a = 6.4662(13) Å, b = 7.1213(14) Å, c = 15.373(3) Å, α = 80.09(3)°, β = 88.40(3)°, γ = 74.81(3)°, V = 672.9(3) Å3, Z = 2, Rgt(F) = 0.0503, wRref(F2) = 0.1572, T = 293(2) K.
Türaqai Güregen (d. 1296–7) and His Lineage: History of a Cross-Asia Journey

Abstract The history of the Mongol conquests in Eurasia was not least the history of the numerous migrations of masses of people across the continent. This essay discusses one specific case study, namely that of the Mongol commander and Chinggisid imperial son-in-law Türaqai of the Oyirad tribe and his lineage throughout the thirteenth century. He himself was probably born in Iran or Iraq. His family, however, came from Mongolia to Iran during the Mongol conquests. The article discusses Türaqai’s life, in particular his (and his army’s) flight from the Ilkhanate to the Mamlūk Sultanate in 1296. He also made an unsuccessful attempt to become part of the Mamlūk military, which costed him and his close supporters their lives. Looking through the lenses of this biographical narrative, the essay presents a broader picture of the military nomadic migrations in Chinggisid Eurasia and their mechanisms. The essay also pays special attention to the position of the Chinggisid sons-in-law, who held a highly respected status in the Mongol political architecture. Additionally, it highlights some main issues related to the migration of the nomadic tribes and their resettlement in the newly conquered areas under the Mongol rule, such as assimilation, conversion to Islam and the different dimensions of their relations with the local populations.
Land-use impact on selected forms of arsenic and phosphorus in soils of different functions

Abstract The aim of the study was to assess the impact of technosols and geomechanically unchanged soils of the Lublin agglomeration on the concentrations of arsenic and phosphorus, and on selected forms of these elements. Arsenic and phosphorus concentrations were determined in the urban soils of Lublin (Poland), and the relationship between their degree of contamination and different types of land use was estimated. The samples collected were subjected to sequential analysis, using ammonium sulphate, acid ammonium phosphate, oxalate buffer (also with ascorbic acid) and aqua regia for arsenic, and ammonium chloride, sodium hydroxide, hydrochloric acid and aqua regia for phosphorus. The influence of the land use forms was observed in the study. The greatest amount of arsenic (19.62 mg kg−1) was found in the industrial soils of Lublin, while the greatest amount of phosphorus (580.4 mg kg−1) was observed in non-anthropogenic soils (mainly due to the natural accumulation processes of this element). Fractions of arsenic and phosphorus obtained during analysis showed strong differentiation. Amorphic and crystalline fractions of arsenic, bound with iron oxides, proved to have the highest share in the total arsenic pool. The same situation was noted for phosphorus.
Effect of Pre-Harvest Sprays of Ascorbic Acid, Calcium Chloride and Ethephon on Fruit Quality of Grapes (Vitis vinifera L.)

The present investigation was conducted to evaluate the effect of pre-harvest sprays of ascorbic acid, calcium chloride and ethephon on hastening maturity and fruit quality of Flame Seedless grapes. The pre-harvest sprays of ascorbic acid (750, 1000 and 1250 ppm) and calcium chloride (0.25, 0.50 and 1.0 %) were given at fruit-set and veraison stage. Ethephon @ 400ppm was sprayed at veraison stage on vines with 75 per cent crop load. The treatment combination of lower bud thinning + gibberellic acid (GA3) 40 ppm was also included for comparison along with water sprays as control. Each treatment was replicated thrice, in which one vine served as a unit treatment. The time of ripening was advanced by 5 d in the treatment 75 per cent crop load + ethephon 400ppm as compared to control, while in the treatment lower bud thinning + GA3 ripening was advance by 3 d. The same treatment i.e. lower bud thinning + GA3 resulted in signiicantly higher yield (33.54 kg/vine), maximum bunch weight, bunch length and bunch breadth. However, the fruit quality with respect to higher total soluble solids (TSS), lower acidity, higher sugars and anthocyanin content was better in 75 per cent crop load + Ethephon 400 ppm. Also the yield in treatment was at par with lower bud thinning + GA3. Thus, considering yield as well as quality parameters, the treatment 75 per cent crop load+ 400ppm Ethephon was found to be the best.
Improved modelling of atmospheric ammonia over Denmark using the coupled modelling system DAMOS

Abstract. A local-scale Gaussian dispersion-deposition model (OML-DEP) has been coupled to a regional chemistry-transport model (DEHM with a resolution of approximately 6 km × 6 km over Denmark) in the Danish Ammonia Modelling System, DAMOS. Thereby, it has been possible to model the distribution of ammonia concentrations and depositions on a spatial resolution down to 400 m × 400 m for selected areas in Denmark. DAMOS has been validated against measured concentrations from the dense measuring network covering Denmark. Here measured data from 21 sites are included and the validation period covers 2–5 years within the period 2005–2009. A standard time series analysis (using statistic parameters like correlation and bias) shows that the coupled model system captures the measured time series better than the regional- scale model alone. However, our study also shows that about 50% of the modelled concentration level at a given location originates from non-local emission sources. The local-scale model covers a domain of 16 km × 16 km, and of the locally released ammonia (NH3) within this domain, our simulations at five sites show that 14–27% of the locally (within 16 km × 16 km) emitted NH3 also deposits locally. These results underline the importance of including both high-resolution local-scale modelling of NH3 as well as the regional-scale component described by the regional model. The DAMOS system can be used as a tool in environmental management in relation to assessments of total nitrogen load of sensitive nature areas in intense agricultural regions. However, high spatio-temporal resolution in input parameters like NH3 emissions and land-use data is required.
ELABORAÇÃO DE IOGURTE GREGO DE LEITE DE BÚFALA E INFLUÊNCIA DA ADIÇÃO DE CALDA DE GINJA (Eugenia uniflora L.) NO TEOR DE ÁCIDO ASCÓRBICO E ANTOCIANINAS DO PRODUTO

The sour cherry ( Eugenia uniflora L.) has phenolic compounds with antioxidant, hypoglycemic and anti-rheumatic actions, it used in stomach disorders and as antihypertensive agent. Buffalo milk exhibits excellent nutritional quality, with a high protein content of 25.55% as its main characteristic, with more essential amino acids than cow milk. The aim of this study was to develop a greek yogurt with buffalo milk with addition of distinct concentrations of sour cherry syrup (10, 20 and 30% w/w), on the content of ascorbic acid and anthocyanins in the final product. The fruits were collected in the municipality of Salvaterra and taken to the laboratory where they were sanitized and washed for use in yogurt. The yogurts were obtained with buffalo milk, sugar and milk powder. Sour cherry fruits, buffalo milk and yogurt prepared were assessed their physicochemical, microbiological and sensory characteristics. Fruits had a great ratio of total soluble solids/total titratable acidity and found high levels of ascorbic acid and anthocyanins 124.08 mg/100g e 179.27 m Eqg Cyanidin-3-glycoside/100g respectively, and buffalo milk had good physicalchemical characteristics and it was within the microbiological standards. The increase in concentration of sour cherry syrup in the buffalo greek yogurt elevated significantly contents of ascorbic acid and anthocyanins, demonstrating the feasibility of producing new products with aggregate nutritional characteristics for insertion into new markets, in addition to good acceptance being the formulations with 10, 20 e 30% with 87, 89 e 89% of acceptance by tasters.
Electronic structures of iMAX phases and their two-dimensional derivatives: A family of piezoelectric materials

Recently, a group of MAX phases, (Mo$_{2/3}$Y$_{1/3}$)$_2$AlC, (Mo$_{2/3}$Sc$_{1/3}$)$_2$AlC, (W$_{2/3}$Sc$_{1/3}$)$_2$AlC, (W$_{2/3}$Y$_{1/3}$)$_2$AlC, and (V$_{2/3}$Zr$_{1/3}$)$_2$AlC, with in-plane ordered double transition metals, named iMAX phases, have been synthesized. Experimentally, some of these MAX phases can be chemically exfoliated into two-dimensional (2D) single- or multilayered transition metal carbides, so-called MXenes. Accordingly, the 2D nanostructures derived from iMAX phases are named iMXenes. Here, we investigate the structural stabilities and electronic structures of the experimentally discovered iMAX phases and their possible iMXene derivatives. We show that the iMAX phases and their pristine, F, or OH-terminated iMXenes are metallic. However, upon O termination, (Mo$_{2/3}$Y$_{1/3}$)$_2$C, (Mo$_{2/3}$Sc$_{1/3}$)$_2$C, (W$_{2/3}$Y$_{1/3}$)$_2$C, and (W$_{2/3}$Sc$_{1/3}$)$_2$C iMXenes turn into semiconductors. Owing to the absence of centrosymmetry, the semiconducting iMXenes may find applications in piezoelectricity. Our calculations reveal that the semiconducting iMXenes possess giant piezoelectric coefficients as large as 45$\times10^{-10}$~C/m.
Nutritional status among primary school students and its association on academic performance in north-central Ethiopia: Cross-sectional study design

Background: Under-nutrition is a fundamental factor which resulted in delayed cognitive development and underachievement of academic performance later in children’s life at school. The extent of under-nutrition in Ethiopia has been established well but there are insufficient evidences about its relationship with the educational achievement of school-age children.Objective: To assess the correlation of nutritional status with academic performance among public primary school children Method: - An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted over 399 primary school children in Debre-Tabor Town, Amhara Regional State North-Central Ethiopia, 2018 after selecting them with simple random sampling. The nutritional status was assessed using the anthropometric measurement of WHO 2007 reference as Height for Age Z-score (HAZ), Weight for Age Z-score (WAZ) and Body Mass Index for Age Z-score (BAZ). Academic performance was assessed by calculating two semesters of overall subjects’ average score. Descriptive statistics, Pearson’s correlation test, and linear regression were used for statistical analysis. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 24 and nutritional status was analyzed using WHO AnthroPlus version 1.0. 4 (5-19 years). Result: - Almost half of study participants were male 209(52%), 291(73%) from married family, and 177(44%) were comes from family having more than five members. The mean age of the study participants were 11.85. The prevalence of stunting, wasting, underweight and overweight was 22%, 32.4%, 24.3%, and 1.3% respectively. The prevalence of any form of malnutrition was 56.14% and the mean academic performance for study participants was 71.65(±12.63 SD). There was a statistically significant positive relationship between academic achievement and HAZ. Age of child and absenteeism were associated negatively while attending preschool, the type of head of the house, and having breakfast habits associated positively with the educational achievement of the study participants.Conclusion:-The prevalence of under-nutrition among study participants was high. Considering the correlation of absenteeism, skipping breakfast, having preschool education and HAZ, nutritional interventions should be considered at prenatal, infancy and preschool period to sustain positive impact and reducing negative factors.
Risk Perception and Decision-Making by the Corporate Elite: Empirical Evidence for Netherlands-Based Companies

We study risk perception and actual decision-making by the corporate elite, where we consider CEOs, CFOs and non-executives. We collect data for many members of the elite for Netherlands-based companies using the vignettes method. We find that CEOs are more risk tolerant but do not act accordingly by demanding higher returns. CFOs and non-executives are found to be more risk-averse; but, interestingly, only the non-executives demand higher returns more than CEOs do. Differences in demanded returns across CEOs and CFOs are found to be negligible. When decision makers mature and get more experienced, they tend to ask higher returns on investment. For all members of the corporate elite it holds that overconfidence is consistently related to higher risk tolerance, whereas those degrees of overconfidence are similar.
The effects of autumn foliar applications of boron and urea on flower quality, yield, boron and nitrogen reserves of apricot

ABSTRACT In order to determine the effects of autumn foliar application of boron (B) and/or urea on abortive flower ratio, yield, fruit weight, total soluble solid (TSS) and B and nitrogen (N) contents of reserves of non-irrigated apricot trees, field experiments were carried out between 2009 and 2012 in Malatya province of Turkey. The application of B and/or urea stimulated perfect flower development, B and N accumulation and resulted in significant yield increase. Boron, urea and B+urea applications increased fruit yield by 33.1%, 26.1% and 26.9%, decreased abortive flower ratio by 34.6%, 27.1% and 35.9% compared to the control, respectively. In addition, B and N contents of wood, bark and buds of apricot trees were significantly increased by B and/or urea treatments. It was also observed that B and N contents were the highest in bud compared to wood and bark in all treatments. The highest B (16.53 ppm) and N (1.56%) contents were determined to buds in B+urea treatment. The results of this study suggest that autumn foliar B and/or urea application have the potential to decrease abortive flower ratio and increase the yield and B and N contents of reserves of apricot trees under non-irrigated conditions.