Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Exact solutions of nonlinear Schrödinger equation by using symbolic computation

The (G′/G,1/G)‐expansion method and (1/G′)‐expansion method are interesting approaches to find new and more general exact solutions to the nonlinear evolution equations. In this paper, these methods are applied to construct new exact travelling wave solutions of nonlinear Schrödinger equation. The travelling wave solutions are expressed by hyperbolic functions, trigonometric functions and rational functions. It is shown that the proposed methods provide a powerful mathematical tool for solving nonlinear wave equations in mathematical physics and engineering. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Asteroid Orbit Determination Using Bayesian Probabilities

Abstract We determine asteroid orbital elements from optical astrometric observations using Bayesian a priori and a posteriori probability densities. Assuming Gaussian noise statistics and linearizing the orbit determination problem (linear approximation), a Gaussian a posteriori probability density results for the orbital elements. We develop a Monte Carlo method for the rigorous a posteriori probability density, study non-Gaussian noise and practical orbit determination methods, and describe the difficulties arising from correlated noise and systematic errors. We predict asteroid orbital positions and velocities using the linear approximation and the Monte Carlo approach and give analytically several orbital variances. The variance in the semimajor axis is particularly important: through the mean motion uncertainty, it determines the long-term rate of orbital degradation. In addition, we develop metrics to characterize the overall orbital quality and describe optimization of follow-up observations. Examples are the Jupiter Trojan asteroid (5209) 1989 CW 1 , the main-belt asteroid (263) Dresda, the Mars Trojan asteroid (5261) Eureka, and the Apollo asteroid (4179) Toutatis.
Analysis of Radio Telemetry Data in Studies of Home Range

In home range studies of wild animals and birds, statistical analysis of radio telemetry data poses special problems due to lack of independence of successive observations along the sample path. Assuming that such data are generated by a continuous, stationary, Gaussian process possessing the Markov property, then a multivariate Ornstein-Uhlenbeck diffusion process is necessarily the source and is proposed here to be a workable model. Its characterization is given in terms of typical descriptive properties of home range such as center of activity and confidence regions. Invariance of the model with respect to choice of an observational coordinate system is established, while data for twin deer are used to illustrate the manner in which the model may be used for study of territorial interaction. An approximate maximum likelihood procedure is proposed with results being reported for deer, coyote, and bird tracking data.
Propagation of laser‐generated surface acoustic waves visualized by shake‐off of fine particles

Shake‐off of micron‐sized alumina particles by nanosecond laser‐generated surface acoustic wave (SAW) pulses is used to visualize SAW beam propagation on surfaces of semiconductor crystals. Various phenomena in SAW propagation such as reflection from a sample edge, anisotropic diffraction, and beam steering are demonstrated.
Critical Flow Through Sharp-Edged Orifices

An investigation was made to discover the flow rates of air through sharp-edged orifices in which the pressure drop was below the critical; the relationship of pressure, temperature, and orifice area; and a comparison between the nozzle and the orifice. Equations are derived for expressing orifice flow in both the critical and subcritical regions.
Dynamic SEP event probability forecasts

The forecasting of solar energetic particle (SEP) event probabilities at Earth has been based primarily on the estimates of magnetic free energy in active regions and on the observations of peak fluxes and fluences of large (≥ M2) solar X‐ray flares. These forecasts are typically issued for the next 24 h or with no definite expiration time, which can be deficient for time‐critical operations when no SEP event appears following a large X‐ray flare. It is therefore important to decrease the event probability forecast with time as a SEP event fails to appear. We use the NOAA listing of major (≥10 pfu) SEP events from 1976 to 2014 to plot the delay times from X‐ray peaks to SEP threshold onsets as a function of solar source longitude. An algorithm is derived to decrease the SEP event probabilities with time when no event is observed to reach the 10 pfu threshold. In addition, we use known SEP event size distributions to modify probability forecasts when SEP intensity increases occur below the 10 pfu event threshold. An algorithm to provide a dynamic SEP event forecast, Pd, for both situations of SEP intensities following a large flare is derived.
Efecto de la contigüidad espacial sobre el aprendizaje de secuencias de posiciones

Cuatro condiciones de contigüidad espacial de posiciones fueron empleadas para evaluar el aprendizaje de secuencias. Se emplearon dos secuencias de 16 y 25 posiciones presentadas en dos matrices de 4×4 y 5×5, respectivamente. Dentro de cada matriz, 4 (en la matriz de 4×4) o 6 posiciones (en la matriz de 5×5) presentaron contigüidad espacial. Entre grupos, se varió el punto de la secuencia en el que se presentaron las posiciones contiguas. De este modo, la contigüidad espacial de las 4 o 6 posiciones se presentó al inicio de la secuencia (Grupo 1), en la parte media (Grupo 2), al final de la secuencia (Grupo 3), o bien, se presentó una secuencia en la que todas las posiciones ocurrieron sin contigüidad espacial (Grupo 4). Participaron 28 estudiantes de licenciatura. Los resultados no mostraron diferencias entre grupos en cuanto al número de ensayos requeridospara reproducir la secuencia correctamente. El número de errores fue menor cuando las posiciones contiguas se presentaron al inicio de la secuencia. Los hallazgos se explican a partir de un posible efecto de acentuación de la primacía, dado por la ocurrencia de posiciones contiguas al inicio de la secuencia.
Pengetahuan Pajak, Sanksi Pajak, Modernisasi Sistem, Dan Kondisi Keuangan Terhadap Kepatuhan Wajib Pajak UMKM Selama Pandemi Covid-19 Pada UMKM Di Kota Kediri

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of tax knowledge, tax sanctions, system modernization, and financial conditions on MSME taxpayer compliance during the covid-19 pandemic. This research data was obtained from the Kediri City Micro Business Data until 2021, and the answers from the respondents by distributing questionnaires to MSME actors in the Kediri City District were processed as many as 70. The data analysis technique was carried out by instrument testing, classical assumption test, multiple linear regression analysis, and correlation analysis with hypothesis testing to test the effect partially (t test) and simultaneously (F test). The results show that the tax knowledge variable has a positive effect on taxpayer compliance, tax sanctions have a positive effect on taxpayer compliance, system modernization has a positive effect on taxpayer compliance, and financial conditions have a positive influence on MSME taxpayer compliance. Keywords: Tax Knowledge, Tax Sanction, System Modernzation, Financial Condition, Taxpayer Compliance
Liquid metal flows in circular insulated ducts in nonuniform magnetic fields.

Magnetohydrodynamic flows in insulated circular ducts in nonuniform magnetic fields are studied with reference to liquid metal blankets and divertors of fusion reactors. Particular emphasis is made on C-MOD. The ducts are supposed to be straight, while the gradient of the magnetic field to be inclined by an angle {alpha} to the duct axis. The results are presented for the values of the Hartmann numbers, Ha, of 1000 and 100. Three-dimensional pressure drop, development length, three-dimensional length and nonuniformities of the velocity profiles have been evaluated. It has been shown that for Ha = 1000 the three-dimensional effects are of considerable importance, while for Ha = 100 they may be neglected.
Multidrug-Resistant Uropathogens, An Emerging Threat: Observational Study in a Tertiary Care Hospital of Azad Kashmir

Objective: To detect the resistant pattern of uropathogens and find the association of different factors with the resistance in the Poonch District of Azad Kashmir. Study Design: Cross-sectional analytical study. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Medicine, Shaikh Khalifa Bin Zayed Hospital, Rawalakot, from Mar to Aug 2019. Methodology: Patients having signs and symptoms of urinary tract infection and growth of bacteria on urine culture were included in the study. The antimicrobial susceptibility of the isolates was determined by using the standard, modified Kirby Buer disc diffusion method. Zone sizes were interpreted following Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) 2019 guidelines. Results: 68 culture-positive patients were included in the study, 45 (66%) patients were female. There was a previous history of urinary tract infection in 44 (64.7%) patients, and 52 (76.5%) gave a history of antibiotic use in the last three months. E. coli was the commonest organism isolated, followed by Klebsiella, Proteus and Pseudomonas. All patients were resistant to at least one antibiotic, 48 (72%) isolates were multi-drug resistant. Uropathogens showed the highest resistance to Ampicillin in 67 (98.5%) patients and the lowest resistance to Piperacillin/Tazobactam 2 (3%) patients only. Resistance was significantly higher in patients having a history of recurrent urinary tract infection (p=0.028) and the use of antibiotics in the last three months (p<0.001). Conclusion: Resistance to antimicrobial agents is increasing in community-acquired urinary tract infections. Resistance is significantly higher in patients having a history of recurrent urinary tract infection and the use of antibiotics in the.
Factors associated with knowledge, attitudes, and practices of the general Lebanese population toward the coronavirus disease 2019

People’s practice, including adherence to disease prevention strategies, is influenced by their knowledge and attitude, which differ by sex. This study aimed to validate a tool that measures knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) toward COVID-19 and explore the related factors, including socioeconomic features and sex disparities. An online cross-sectional study conducted between December 20, 2020, and January 5, 2021, enrolled 405 participants from the general Lebanese population using a snowball sampling technique. The COVID-19 KAP scales were constructed and validated. After confirming the validity of the generated scales, the results showed that a university education level (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 3.90) was related to a better knowledge of COVID-19. A higher household crowding index (aOR = 0.41), a higher anxiety (aOR = 0.88), and do not know if there was an indirect contact with a COVID-19 patient (aOR = 0.44) were significantly associated with low knowledge of COVID-19. Having a family member working in the medical field (aOR = 1.76) and higher COVID-19 fear scores (aOR = 1.04) were associated with a more acceptable attitude toward COVID-19. Furthermore, higher knowledge scores (aOR = 1.14), higher attitude scores (aOR = 1.41), higher COVID-19 fear scores (aOR = 1.10), and more time spent on COVID-19 information (aOR = 1.91) were associated with good practice during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, these associations differed by sex, except for the crowding index, which were inversely associated with knowledge in both sexes, while education level and indirect exposure to COVID-19 were significant only among females. Knowledge about COVID-19 did not affect attitudes, but a good attitude was related to better practice in both sexes. Moreover, higher fear and more time spent on COVID-19 information were significantly associated with better practice among females. Overall, this study validated tools to highlight the knowledge, attitude, and practice among the general population during the COVID-19 outbreak in Lebanon. Our findings suggest the need for health education programs tailored differentially according to sex, taking into account education, age, and socioeconomic status to raise awareness of COVID-19 and promote more acceptable attitudes and sustained safe practices among the general Lebanese population.
Impulse and continuous control of piecewise deterministic Markov processes

In this paper we consider the problem of impulse and continuous control on the jump rate and post jump location parameters of piecewise-deterministic Markov processes (PDP's). In a companion paper we studied the optimal stopping with continuous control problem of PDP's assuming only absolutely continuity along trajectories hypothesis on the final cost function. In this paper we apply these results to obtain optimality equations for the impulse and continuous control problem of PDP's in terms of a set of quasi-variational inequalities as well as on the first jump time operator of the process. No continuity or differential assumptions on the whole state space, neither stability assumptions on the parameters of the problem are required. It is shown that if the post intervention operator satisfies some locally lipschitz continuity along trajectories properties then so will the value function of the impulse and continuous control problem.
Antioxidant Property of Total Saponins and Tannins of Dialium guineense Stem Bark in Rats Hearts Exposed to CCl4

The aim of this study was to investigate the antioxidant property of total saponins and tannins of Dialium guineense stem bark in rats hearts exposed to carbon tetrachloride (CCl4 ). A total of twenty-five (25) adult male Wistar rats, which weighed between 170 and 190 g (mean weight = 180 ± 10 g) were randomly assigned to five groups (5 rats per group): normal control, CCl4 control, silymarin, total saponins and total tannins groups. With the exception of normal control group, the rats were exposed to CCl4 (single oral dose of 1.0 mL/kg body weight, bwt). Rats in the silymarin group were administered 100 mg silymarin/kg bwt (standard cardioprotective drug), while those in the two treatment groups received 150 mg/kg bwt of total saponins or tannins orally for a period of 28 days. Activities of antioxidant enzymes such as catalase, superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and glutathione reductase (GR) were evaluated in heart homogenate. The results showed that there were no significant differences in the concentrations of cardiac total protein (TP) among the groups (p > 0.05). The activities of the antioxidant enzymes and level of reduced glutathione (GSH) were significantly lower in CCl4 control group than in normal control group, but they were increased by total saponins/tannins treatment (p < 0.05). However, the level of cardiac malondialdehyde (MDA) elevated by CCl4 intoxication was markedly reduced after treatment (p < 0.05). These results indicate that total saponins and tannins of D. guineense stem bark may enhance antioxidant defense in rats hearts exposed to CCl4.
Note on an Exact Solution for Magnetoatmospheric Waves

Solutions for magnetoatmospheric waves in an isothermal plane stratified atmosphere with uniform vertical magnetic field have long been known in terms of Meijer G-functions. It is pointed out that they may alternatively be expressed using the more familiar hypergeometric 2F3 functions, with significant advantages for ease of use and physical interpretation. The nature of these solutions in different regions of the frequency-wavenumber plane is fully discussed, with particular reference to reflection, transmission, and mode conversion. Reflection, transmission, and mode conversion coefficients for slow and fast waves incident from below, including the effects of tunnelling, are calculated exactly. The exact solutions are useful in interpreting observational results and numerical simulations of more complex magnetoatmospheric waves.
Comparative imaging findings among different primary betacoronaviruses

Purpose Coronaviruses (CoV) are single-stranded RNA viruses that transmit from animal species to humans, causing a threat to global health. We aim to summarize common imaging findings of 3 betacoronaviruses (b-CoVs) and the common clinical manifestation, to provide a better understanding of the courses of the disease. Material and methods The Pubmed and Google Scholar databases were searched for the terms “SARS-CoV” OR “COVID-19” OR “MERS-CoV”. Imaging-specific searches included keyword searches for “CT” AND “imaging”. Clinical presentation-specific searches included keyword searches for “clinical” AND “manifestation” AND “cardio-vascular” OR “neurology” OR “gastrointestinal” OR “hematology”. In total, 77 articles were selected for discussion in the current literature review. Results Human b-CoVs infection presented consistent indications of ground-glass opacities (GGO), consolidation, and interlobular septal thickening. Pleural effusion was also common in all 3 b-CoVs, but it was least present in SARS-CoV-2 infection. Bilateral lung involvement was common to both MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 infection. Cardiovascular, neurological, haematological, and gastrointestinal were common clinical presentations found in patients infected with b-CoVs. Conclusions The comparison of imaging findings can be applied in clinical practice to distinguish the 3 CoV through different imaging modalities. It is crucial to understand the possible imaging findings and clinical presentations to better understand the course of the disease as well as prepare for future variants.
Observed and CMIP6 Modeled Internal Variability Feedbacks and Their Relation to Forced Climate Feedbacks

Inter model variations in global temperature response to increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide stem mostly from uncertainties in modeled climate feedbacks. To study potential reductions in model feedback uncertainties, we estimate observed feedbacks in response to internal variability using changes in Top Of the Atmosphere energy balance with temperature. We compare those observations with internal variability feedbacks from historical simulations of coupled and atmosphere‐only experiments from the sixth phase of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6) to identify that simulated feedbacks exhibit biases in the tropics, subtropics, and the Southern Ocean. Furthermore, we find a relation between simulated longwave and shortwave internal variability feedbacks and those where atmospheric carbon dioxide is abruptly quadrupled. In the model range of internal variability feedbacks, the observations are more consistent with moderately negative longwave feedback, and weak shortwave feedback, but the observations can't be used to rule out any models or their long‐term feedback.
Factors Associated with 30-Day in-Hospital Mortality Among Patients Admitted with Severe Covid-19 in Mbarara Regional Referral Hospital

Background COVID-19 has created a burden on the healthcare system globally. Severe COVID-19 is linked with high hospital mortality. Data regarding 30-day in-hospital mortality and its factors has not been explored in southwestern Uganda. Methods We carried out a retrospective, single-center cohort study, and included all in-patients with laboratory-confirmed, radiological, or clinical severe COVID-19 admitted between April 2020 and September 2021 at Mbarara Regional Referral Hospital (MRRH). Demographic, laboratory, treatment, and clinical outcome data were extracted from patients’ files. These data were described comparing survivors and non-survivors. We used logistic regression to explore the factors associated with 30-day in-hospital mortality. Results Of the 283 patients with severe COVID-19 admitted at MRRH COVID-19 unit, 58.1% were male. The mean age ± standard deviation (SD) was 61±17.4 years; there were no differences in mean age between survivors and non-survivors (59 ± 17.2 versus 64.4 ±17.3, respectively, p=0.24) The median length of hospital stay was 7 (IQR 3–10) days (non-survivors had a shorter median length of stay 5 (IQR 2–9) days compared to the survivors; 8 (IQR 5–11) days, p<0.001. The most frequent comorbidities were hypertension (30.5%) and diabetes mellitus (30%). The overall 30-day in-hospital mortality was 134 of 279 (48%) mortality rate of 47,350×105 with a standard error of 2.99%. The factors associated with 30-day in-hospital mortality were age: 65 years and above (aOR, 3.88; 95% CI, 1.24–11.70; P =0.020) a neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio above 5 (aOR, 4.83; 95% CI, 1.53–15.28; P =0.007) and oxygen requirement ≥15L/min (aOR, 15.80; 95% CI, 5.17–48.25; P <0.001). Conclusion We found a high 30-day in-hospital mortality among patients with severe forms of COVID-19. The identified factors could help clinicians to identify patients with poor prognosis at an early stage of admission.
Diet and grit characteristics in young Eurasian Bullfinches (Pyrrhula pyrrhula) inhabiting Iberian hedgerows

For the first time, the diet of young Iberian Bullfinches (Pyrrhula pyrrhula iberiae) is studied, specifically in a hedgerow habitat in northwestern Spain, through stomach (younger nestlings up to 8 d of age, which died without researcher intervention) and faecal sac (older nestlings) analysis, and secondarily direct observation (nestlings and dependent juveniles). Also, for the first time, grit use by bullfinch nestlings is described in some detail. Bullfinches fed their young with a mixture of seeds and invertebrates, with greater quantitative importance of the former. The identity of the seeds varied considerably between spring and summer, and animal fraction gradually decreased from May to July for older nestlings, in both cases presumably because of the seasonal changes in food availability. Caterpillars and spiders were the most important arthropod prey in the diet. Apparently, the young were not fed non-arthropod invertebrates. The relative importance of invertebrates, which are very rich in proteins, was greater for younger nestlings than for older ones. Difficult to digest hard-bodied prey, such as beetles, were not present in the stomachs of the youngest nestlings. The frequency of occurrence and amount of grit in stomachs increased with nestling age, along with the need to grind food. There were no remarkable differences in number of units, size, or number of colour types of gastroliths between months. The high floristic diversity in the study area, which has great overall conservation value, provides a wide range of resources for bullfinches, including plenty of food for their young.