Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Immuno-Toxicological Effects of Allethrin (Active Ingredient in Mosquito Repellent Coils) in BALB/c Mice Following Oral Administration

Received: Revised: Accepted: Published online: November 03, 2018 December 24, 2018 January 01, 2019 March 07, 2019 The use of synthetic pyrethroids as an insecticide in households has surpassed the other pesticides like organophosphates because of its likely to be safer for humans. This study was designed and executed to find out the toxic effects of allethrin (a synthetic pyrethroid) when they are overused or have an accidental oral exposure in humans or animals. For this purpose, 60 BALB/c mice were randomly divided into four equal groups. Group A served as a control group. Groups B, C and D were given allethrin @ 0.5, 1 and 1.5 g/kg BW, respectively orally on the 14 day of the experiment. Animals were monitored twice daily for clinical signs and mortalities. Randomly selected five mice from each group were euthanized humanly at 21 and 42 day of the experiment to collect blood/serum for determination of immunological parameters. Clinical signs such as hair coat roughness, alopecia, conjunctival hyperemia, salivation, frequent defecation and nervous signs like tremors and convulsions were observed. The highest mortality (53.3%) was recorded in group D (1.5 g/kg BW) followed by group C (1 g/kg BW) and group B (0.5 g/kg BW) with 46.6% and 26.7% mortalities, respectively. The absolute weight of the spleen and thymus was significantly (P<0.05) decreased in all treated groups at 21 and 42 day of the experiment. Total antibody titer against SRBCs at the 14 and 28 day of experiment decreased significantly (P<0.05) in treated groups. At 29 day, the lymphoproliferative response to tetanus toxoid at 24 and 48 h of time was significantly decreased in all the treatment groups as compared to control group. It is concluded that exposure to the allethrin can lead to immunosuppression by inducing pathological alterations in immune organs. ©2019 PVJ. All rights reserved
Comparing socio-economic inequalities in healthy ageing in the United States of America, England, China and Japan: evidence from four longitudinal studies of ageing

Healthy ageing has become a popular topic worldwide. So far, a consensus measure of healthy ageing has not been reached; and no studies have compared the magnitude of socio-economic inequality in healthy ageing outside Europe. This study aims to create a universal measure of healthy ageing and compare socio-economic inequalities in healthy ageing in the United States of America (USA), England, China and Japan. We included 10,305 American, 6,590 English, 5,930 Chinese and 1,935 Japanese participants for longitudinal analysis. A harmonised healthy ageing index (HAI) was developed to measure healthy ageing multi-dimensionally. Educational, income and wealth rank scores were derived accounting for the entire socio-economic distribution and the sample size of each category of socio-economic indicator. Associations between socio-economic rank scores and HAIs were assessed using multi-level modelling to calculate the Slope Indices of Inequality. Healthy ageing trajectories were predicted based on the full-adjusted age-cohort models. We found that education was a universally influential socio-economic predictor of healthy ageing. Moving from the highest to the lowest educational groups was associated with a 6.7 (5.2–8.2), 8.2 (6.0–10.4), 13.9 (11.4–16.3) and 6.1 per cent (3.9–8.2%) decrease in average HAI at 60 years in the USA, England, China and Japan, respectively. After 60 years, the educational inequality in healthy ageing kept increasing in the USA and China. The educational inequality in healthy ageing in China was also greater than any other socio-economic inequality in the four countries. Wealth was more influential in predicting healthy ageing inequality among American, English and Japanese participants, while income was more influential among Chinese participants. The socio-economic inequality in healthy ageing in Japan was relatively small. Chinese and American participants had worse healthy ageing profiles than Japanese and English participants.
Light availability modulates the effects of warming in a marine N2 fixer

Abstract. Trichodesmium species, as a group of photosynthetic N2 fixers (diazotrophs), play an important role in the marine biogeochemical cycles of nitrogen and carbon, especially in oligotrophic waters. How ongoing ocean warming may interact with light availability to affect Trichodesmium is not yet clear. We grew Trichodesmium erythraeum IMS 101 at three temperature levels of 23, 27, and 31∘C under growth-limiting and growth-saturating light levels of 50 and 160 µmol quanta m−2 s−1, respectively, for at least 10 generations and then measured physiological performance, including the specific growth rate, N2 fixation rate, and photosynthesis. Light availability significantly modulated the growth response of Trichodesmium to temperature, with the specific growth rate peaking at ∼27∘C under the light-saturating conditions, while growth of light-limited cultures was non-responsive across the tested temperatures (23, 27, and 31∘C). Short-term thermal responses for N2 fixation indicated that both high growth temperature and light intensity increased the optimum temperature (Topt) for N2 fixation and decreased its susceptibility to supra-optimal temperatures (deactivation energy – Eh). Simultaneously, all light-limited cultures with low Topt and high Eh were unable to sustain N2 fixation during short-term exposure to high temperatures (33–34∘C) that are not lethal for the cells grown under light-saturating conditions. Our results imply that Trichodesmium spp. growing under low light levels while distributed deep in the euphotic zone or under cloudy weather conditions might be less sensitive to long-term temperature changes that occur on the timescale of multiple generations but are more susceptible to abrupt (less than one generation time span) temperature changes, such as those induced by cyclones and heat waves.
Mental Health Service Providers' Engagement Experiences of Homeless Individuals

Mental Health Service Providers’ Engagement Experiences of Homeless Individuals by Tarsha Thomas-Richardson MPhil, Walden University, 2019 MPA, Marist College, 2008 BA, Pace University, 2003 Dissertation Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Clinical Psychology
Cutting in-line with iron: ribosomal function and non-oxidative RNA cleavage

Divalent metal cations are essential to the structure and function of the ribosome. Previous characterizations of ribosome structure and function performed under standard laboratory conditions have implicated Mg2+ as the primary mediator of ribosomal structure and function. The contribution of Fe2+ as a ribosomal cofactor has been largely overlooked, despite the ribosome’s evolution in a high Fe2+ environment, and its continued use by obligate anaerobes inhabiting high Fe2+ niches. Here we show that (i) iron readily cleaves RNA by a non-oxidative mechanism that has not been detected previously, (ii) functional ribosomes purified from cells grown under low O2, high Fe2+ conditions are associated with Fe2+, (iii) a small subset of Fe2+ that is associated with the ribosome is not exchangeable with surrounding cations, presumably because they are highly coordinated by rRNA. In total, these results expand the ancient role of iron in biochemistry, suggest a novel method for regulation of translation by iron, and highlight a possible new mechanism of iron toxicity. Key Points iron readily cleaves RNA by a non-oxidative mechanism that has not been detected previously; functional ribosomes purified from cells grown under low O2, high Fe2+ conditions are associated with Fe2+; a small subset Fe2+ that is associated with the ribosome is not exchangeable.
Overweight or obesity prevalence, trends and risk factors among women in Rwanda: A cross-sectional study using the Rwanda Demographic and Health Surveys, 2000–2010

Objectives: Obesity has been a growing concern worldwide and in sub-Saharan Africa in particular. The objective of this study was to explore the prevalence of and secular trends in the rate of being overweight/obese in Rwandan women and the associated socio-demographic risk factors. Design: The study involved a secondary analysis of data from the Rwanda Demographic and Health Surveys (RDHSs) conducted in 2000, 2005 and 2010. These are countrywide, cross-sectional household studies conducted every five years. A stratified cluster sampling technique was used. Setting: A total of 10,421 women in 2000, 11,539 in 2005 and 12,540 in 2010 participated in the population based household surveys in Rwanda. Primary outcome measure: Participants whose body mass indexes were ≥25 kg/m2 were considered to be overweight/obese. Results: The prevalence of woman being overweight/obese increased from 13% in 2000 to 16.5% in 2010. The highest prevalence rates in 2010 were found in Kigali city (35%) and other urban areas (31.5%). Women with higher levels of education and from wealthier households were more likely to be overweight/obese. Using multivariable logistic regression analysis in the full model, the area of residence, wealth, religion and the number of household members were found to be significantly associated with being overweight/obese. In the adjusted model only the first three of these were still associated with a significantly increased risk. Conclusion: Being overweight/obese is becoming more common in Rwandan women, especially in those living in urban areas who are wealthy. Being overweight/obese is also associated with being Protestant. The reasons for this association are likely to be complex and require further study. Health awareness campaigns should recognise the importance of over-nutrition, as well as under nutrition, and should promote healthy diets and the importance of physical activity. Keywords: overweight, obesity, women, Rwanda
‘Defenders and Dissidents: Cooks Landing and the Fight to Define Tribal Sovereignty in the Red Power Era’

ABSTRACT The 'Fish Wars' in the Pacific Northwest during the 1960s and 1970s hold an important yet predictable place within the historiography of the Red Power movement. In standard works, the fish-ins and other protests serve as a prelude to the larger pan-Indian struggle that seized public attention after the occupation of Alcatraz. The fight for treaty fishing rights thus serves as a proving ground for individuals like Hank Adams and organizations like the National Indian Youth Council, thereby shifting our attention from long-running issues and local actors to the events and figures that defined Red Power nationally and internationally. Moreover, historians generally have emphasized the Salish Sea (Puget Sound) region and the conflict among state, federal, and tribal governments rather than contemporaneous debates within and between Native nations. This study highlights several significant but slighted points regarding the Northwest fishing rights controversy. Focusing on Treaty Indians of the Columbia and their resistance to tribal regulation, my analysis illustrates that treaty rights could divide as well as unite Indians on multiple levels; that specific tribal struggles preceded the national pan-Indian movement and proceeded alongside; and that the Fish Wars were a crucial period in the history of tribal state-building.
Helicobacter pylori and Hematologic Diseases

Helicobacter pylori infection is the most common infection of the human species, with de‐ veloping countries displaying a marked disadvantage in contrast to developing coun‐ tries. While H. pylori infection is asymptomatic in most infected individuals, it is intimately related to malignant diseases of the stomach, such as gastric cancer and gastric MALT lymphoma, as well as benign diseases, for example chronic gastritis and duodenal and gastric peptic ulcers. Since the discovery that gastric mucosa could be colonized by bacteria, evidence of greater than 50 extragastric manifestations has been reported, link‐ ing H. pylori infection and the development of diseases associated with cardiology, der‐ matology, endocrinology, obstetrics and gynecology, hematology, pneumology, neurology, odontology, ophthalmology, otorhinolaryngology, and pediatrics. This chap‐ ter presents the extragastric manifestations of H. pylori infection expressed through hema‐ tologic diseases; particularly those included in the international consensus, and discusses guidelines for the management of H. pylori infection, such as iron deficiency, vitamin B12 (cobalamin) deficiency, and immune thrombocytopenia. Other manifestations reviewed include immune neutropenia, antiphospholipid syndrome, and plasma cell dyscrasias, such us monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance, multiple myeloma, and Henoch–Schonlein purpura.
Analisis Fraud Diamond Theory Dalam Pengelolaan Dana Desa di Kecamatan Guntur Kabupaten Demak

Artikel ini menjelaskan fraud diamond theory sebagai alat pendeteksian tindak terjadinya kecurangan dalam penggunaan dana desa di Kecamatan Guntur Kabupaten Demak. Proxy yang digunakan dalam fraud diamond theory adalah transparency pada variabel pressure, quality of external audit pada variabel opportunity, ineffective monitoring pada variabel rationalization, dan positioning pada variabel capability. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh perangkat desa yang ada di Kecamatan Guntur. Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa pressure dan opportunity tidak berpengaruh signifikan pada pendeteksian fraud. Sedangkan rationalization dan capability berpengaruh signifikan terhadap pendeteksian fraud pada penggunaan dana desa. Kata kunci: Fraud diamond theory, dana desa.
Development of an Affordable, Accessible, and Available (3As) IoT-Enabled Motion Analysis System for Stroke Recovery Monitoring – An Introductory Approach

According to the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) formulated in 2015, there are seventeen (17) identified goals aimed to be achieved by 2030. This project was focussed on SDG 3, SDG 10, and SDG 11 [1]. The developed motion analysis system adopted principles of Affordability, Accessibility, and Availability of this system for monitoring of stroke patients who are undergoing physical therapy (PT). Such system will enable stakeholders involved in rehabilitation of these communities to monitor the progress of PT regime that will be vital in determining efficacy of the regime. Furthermore, the proposed system has the capabilities of remote monitoring, and data acquisition via the IoT platform. The cost of developing this modular system was less than RM 1,000 (approximately USD 243) [2]. Hence, it is anticipated that this project will be a stepping stone towards 3As of motion analysis for stroke patients.
Teacher Observation of Classroom Adaptation-Checklist: Measuring Children’s Social, Emotional, and Behavioral Functioning

There is a growing need for valid measures that can be administered efficiently in school settings to assess the impact of school-based preventive interventions. The current article aimed to establish a balance among assessment efficiency, reliability, and the measurement properties of an instrument widely used to assess the impact of school-based programs, called the Teacher Observation of Classroom Adaptation-Checklist (TOCA-C). We leveraged item response theory (IRT) analyses to create a shortened, more focused checklist version of the TOCA-C that is both valid and efficient for large-scale use in schools to track students’ behavioral, social–emotional, and family factors over the course of elementary school. The sample included 17,456 children in kindergarten through grade 5 (47.7 percent female, 54.2 percent African American). IRT analyses resulted in the retention of 33 of the original 39 items comprising seven subscales: (1) Concentration Problems, (2) Aggressive/Disruptive Behavior, (3) Prosocial Behavior, (4) Emotion Regulation Problems, (5) Internalizing Problems, (6) Family Problems, and (7) Family Involvement. IRT, item difficulty estimates, and confirmatory factor analyses revealed limited evidence of bias based on gender, race, or grade; together, the findings suggested that the 33-item TOCA-C is a highly valid and reliable measure.
Speed of Adjustment in Dividend Payout Decisions: A Comparative Analysis of Developed and Developing Countries

The analysis of dividends payout policy has been a popular subject of research since the middle of the 20th century. Despite a huge number of investigations there is no consensus opinion as to the best practices in the field. Over the years, different hypotheses have been put forward proposing various methodologies. Some working papers underline share repurchase as the best approach towards payout policy. On the other hand, there are some investigations which emphasize the opposite point of view: that dividends are more preferable. Another explanation states that there is no qualifiable difference in types of payout policy. However, the majority of recent working papers argue that the best approach is to combine share repurchases and dividends. Academic investigations into payout policy began with Lintner’s working paper. This research includes not only financial modeling and results based on regression analysis, but also presents information concerning the preferences of top-management in payout policy decisions. As a result of interviews with top managers, Lintner identified the existence of a target value for dividend payouts. So, managers tried to maintain the share of net income attributed to dividends instead of the value of dividends themselves. Moreover, Lintner found that there is a pertinent speed of adjustment1 in dividend policy. This phenomenon is described by the fact that in case of significant net income changes, firms do not pay all the dividends targeted at a specific level of net income. Companies only adjust the level of dividends in the direction of the changes. Lintner also provided an explanation of this fact. It was noted that companies’ top management was sure that significant changes in dividends can be negatively appraised by the stock market, especially in case of a fall in the value of dividends. So, managers understate the changes in dividends to better assure that next year’s profit can cover the new dividends. However, next year’s net income also incurs some fluctuations, so it it is necessary to make some adjustments to dividends. As a result the process of dividend adjustment becomes permanent. The investigation of Brav et al. [6] also was devoted to the analysis of payout policy, and included interviews with a large number of CFOs. This research confirms the main results of Lintner’s work, but with some limitations. The study carefully analyzed the existence of any target level in payout decisions. The authors found that only 6% of CFOs do not target dividends at all. However, in contrast to Lintner’s work the majority of CFOs (approximately 40%) answer that their key target is dividends per share. Only 28% try to target a dividends payout, and 27% of managers target dividends per share growth. This investigation shows that nowadays, targeting dividends per share is a more common practice than targeting payouts. Despite the fact that these results display some differences from Lintner’s one, they do not reject the hypothesis about existence of dividend smoothing.
Assessment of respiratory symptoms and associated factors among solid waste collectors in Yeka Sub City, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

Respiratory symptoms are frequently manifested among solid waste collectors. They are suffering from respiratory diseases because of frequent exposure to waste materials containing pathogenic materials and chemicals hazards for human being. Cross-sectional study was carried out to assess prevalence of respiratory symptoms and associated factors among solid waste workers in Yeka sub city, Addis Ababa from March to April, 2016. The sub city has a total of 13 woredas. All woredas had different number of unions organized under small scale enterprises. Thirty eight micro and small enterprise unions from all woredas were selected randomly. Study subjects were taken from selected enterprise consecutively. Observational checklist and structured questionnaire were used to collect data associated with respiratory symptoms. Binary logistic regression was performed to identify the risk factors associated with respiratory symptoms; p-values less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant. The overall prevalence of respiratory symptoms among solid waste collectors in Yeka sub city was 40.7%. Multivariate analysis revealed that respiratory symptoms prevalence was 2 times less likely among individuals use facemask on job (adjusted odd ratio [AOR] 2, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.1-4). The prevalence of respiratory symptom was 2.6 times more likely among individuals having sleeping disorder (AOR 2.6, 95% CI: 1.5-4.42). The prevalence of respiratory symptoms was 4.8 times more likely among study subjects who had past illness (AOR 4.8, 95% CI: 3.2-7.22). Respiratory symptoms among solid waste collectors were high. So, individuals participating in collecting solid west should use facemask, while collecting the wastes, municipal should change working hours and individuals who had history of past illness should get health information during enrollment. Key words: Respiratory symptoms, solid waste, solid waste collectors.
The views of scholars on the effects of subscription costs to e-journals in an academic health & life sciences library: a case study

Abstract The aim of this study was to investigate the views and opinions of health and life sciences scholars towards subscriptions to e-journals. An instrumental case study was employed as the research design. Nine scholars were individually interviewed. Health and life sciences scholars in this study were happy with the level of e-journal accessibility provided by the library. There was acceptance that, due to restrictions, they could not always access the material they wanted, and so they sought other avenues to obtain full-text articles. Scholars had differing opinions around subscription costs, open access, and the scholarly publishing sector.
Perceived Parental Stress and Nursing Support for Fathers of High Risk Infants

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the paternal stress and nursing support as perceived by fathers of high risk infants admitted to Neonatal Intensive Care Units (NICU). Methods: The study participants included 88 fathers of high risk infants in NICUs. Their parental stress and nursing support were measured using a self-report questionnaire. Results: The parental stress level of the fathers was 3.57 of a possible 5. Among the parental stress items, ‘Relationship with infant and parental role’ had the highest scores. The perceived nursing support level was a relatively high, 3.90 on a 5-point scale. The lowest score was for the item ‘showed concern about my well-being. ’ The parental stress was lower in fathers with low income, higher in fathers in nuclear families and when the infants’ condition was serious. Conclusion: The findings indicate that fathers of high risk infants experience intense parental stress. Thus when designing care to provide support for these fathers and their infants, it is necessary to encourage the fathers’ engagement, provide information on how to respond to the baby, and include supportive care to the fathers.