Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Optimization of FSW process parameters for maximum UTS of AA6061/rutile composites using Taguchi technique

In the friction stir welding process, preferred joint property is vastly reliant on the selection of optimal welding conditions. The present study aims to use the Taguchi technique to (cid:12)nd the optimal process conditions for achieving superior Ultimate Tensile Strength (UTS) in friction stir welded Aluminum Matrix Composite (AMC) joints. AMCs reinforced with rutile particles which have a potential application in the aerospace, automotive, and marine industries are used in the present work. Taguchi parametric design technique was used to identify the e(cid:11)ect of rotational speed, tool traverse speed, and tool geometry on joint strength. Taguchi approach con(cid:12)ned the optimum level of process variables and these variables were optimized. The investigation showed that the parameters within the selected value range will seriously a(cid:11)ect the output. The predicted value of the output response was 155.48 MPa, which was validated by further experiments using the optimum process variables. Analysis Of Variance (ANOVA) results indicated that the UTS of the composite joint is mainly a(cid:11)ected by the tool traverse speed followed by rotational speed, and tool geometry. The microstructural study unveiled that grain size is dependent on process variables and (cid:12)ner grains o(cid:11)er better joint properties
The Color Changes in and Termite and Fungal Resistance of Modified Maesopsis eminii Engl. Wood with Boric Acid and Seed Oil

Manii (Maesopsis minii) is a fast-growing wood that is mainly produced for light construction and woodworking. The wood has low durability properties and requires improvements in quality. This research aims to evaluate the combination effect of boric acid, seed oil, and heating on the color of manii wood and its resistance against subterranean termites and decay fungi. The wood samples were modified by combining boric acid, neem oil, tamanu oil, and candlenut oil and heating at 70 °C and 140 °C for 4 h. The color change in the wood was evaluated using the CIELab method, while the resistance against subterranean termites (Coptotermes curvignathus) and decay fungi (Schizophyllum commune) was tested according to the SNI 7207-2014 standard. The results show that a significant color change occurred after the oil treatments. L and b values generally decreased, while the a values usually slightly increased after treatment. Boric acid significantly increased the resistance of manii wood against tested termites and fungi. The seed oils also improved wood resistance against termites, while the wood resistance against fungi significantly improved from the combination of boric acid and seed oil treatment. The lowest weight loss in termite and fungal tests occurred with the combination of boric acid and candlenut oil with heating at 140 °C.
Survey for the severity of purple blotch of onion in major onion growing districts of Karnataka

Onion ( Allium cepa L.) is the oldest known important vegetable crop mainly grow for commercial and domestic purpose. Several factors which lower the productivity of onion in India has been identified. Among the biotic factors hindering the production, purple blotch caused by Alternaria porri (Ellis) Ciferri is a major limiting factor in terms of yield. In order to know the amount of loss caused by the pathogen an intensive roving survey was carried out during kharif 2017 and 2018 in major onion growing areas of Karnataka. The districts surveyed, in both the years revealed the mean maximum severity in Gadag followed by Chitradurga district
EFFECTS OF DIETARY PROTEIN SOURCES ON FEED AND NUTRIENT INTAKE, DIGESTIBILITY AND RUMEN PARAMETERS OF GROWING BACH THAO GOATS

Four Bach Thao male goats at 5 months of age (10.5±0.711 kg) were arranged in a Latin square design with 4 treatments and 4 periods to evaluate feed and nutrient takes, digestibility and rumen environment. This experiment was carried out from Feb to June 2018 at labotatory and experimental farm of Can Tho University. Four treatments were coconut meal (CM), soybean extraction meal (SEM), soya waste (SW) and Psophocarpus scandens (PS) corresponding to CM, SEM, SW and PS treatments, respectively. There was an adjustment for the CP intake of experimental goats, which were around 6.0 gCP/kg live weight by urea supplementation. Each experimental period last 14 days with 7 days for adaptation and then 7 days for collecting samples. The results showed that daily DM intake was significantly different (P<0.05) among the treatments with the highest value for the PS treatment (482 g/goat/day) and the lowest for the CM one. The daily NDF intake of for the PS treatment was significantly higher (P<0.05) than the others, however daily CP intake was numerically higher (P>0.05) for the SEM (99.7g) and PS treatment (87.9g). However, the ME intake (MJ) was significantly higher (P<0.05) for the PS, SEM and SW treatment. The digestible DM and NDF were significantly different among the treatments with the higher values for the PS treatment. Numerically, the nitrogen retention was higher (P>0.05) for the SEM and PS treatment, while daily weight gain was not significantly different (P>0.05) among treatments, however the higher value for the PS treatment (120 g/day). The conclusion was that supplementing the CP sources for goats with Psophocarpus scandens, soybean extraction meal and soya waste gave better feed nutrient intakes and digestibility compared to the coconut meal.
Tìtulo: Diversification across the mountains: Molecular phylogenetics and phylogeography of the Chlorospingus ophthalmicus

Widely distributed Neotropical montane bird species are ideal study systems to understand the patterns and mechanisms of population differentiation and speciation. However, most phylogeographic studies have lacked samples from the northern Andes, a region recognized for its high species diversity and inter-population geographic variation. Here, we present one of the most comprehensive analysis of population differentiation on a widely distributed group of birds conducted so far, focusing on the Chlorospingus ophthalmicus complex (Aves, Emberizidae). By including a more complete taxonomic and geographic sampling in the northern Andes and Coastal Range of Venezuela than previous studies on the group, we found a high level of paraphyly within the complex, and suggest a more recent diversification in the group. Chlorospingus ophthalmicus is paraphyletic with respect to C. tacarcunae , C. inornatus and C. semifuscus . Population genetic patterns suggest a northern origin of the group, possibly centered in the Madrean highlands of Mesoamerica. Colonization of South America possibly occurred after the final closure of the Isthmus of Panama. South American populations are separated into two highly divergent groups both genetically and morphologically distinct. Both groups possibly originated in the Central Andes and spread to northern latitudes, although at least one of them could have also colonized the Andes from the Chiriqui highlands. Climatic fluctuations during the Middle to Late Pliocene and the Pleistocene played an important role in the genetic and phenotypic differentiation of South American lineages. Populations isolated by lowands showed higher levels of genetic differentiation compared to those separated by arid-river valleys or montane barriers. However, analyses detected some cases of recent gene flow across these barriers. Phenotypic evolution has been more conservative in Mexican and Central America than in South American lineages, and plumage characters used in traditional taxonomy exhibit high levels of homoplasy. Our results demostrate that phylogenetic, phylogeographic and biogeographic reconstructions are sensitive to the extent of taxonomic and geographic sampling in species groups of recent origin
Bismuth-stabilized (2x1) and (2x4) reconstructions on GaAs(100) surfaces: Combined first-principles, photoemission, and scanning tunneling microscopy study

Bismuth adsorbate-stabilized (2x1) and (2x4) reconstructions of the GaAs(100) surfaces have been studied by first-principles calculations, valence-band and core-level photoelectron spectroscopies, and scanning tunneling microscopy. It is demonstrated that large Bi atom size leads to the formation of the pseudogap at the Fermi energy and to the lower energy of an adsorbate-derived surface band, which contributes to the stabilization of the exceptional Bi/GaAs(100)(2x1) reconstruction. It is proposed that the Bi/GaAs(100)(2x4) reconstructions include asymmetric mixed Bi-As dimers, in addition to the Bi-Bi dimers. Based on the calculations, we solve the atomic origins of the surface core-level shifts (SCLSs) of the Bi 5d photoemission spectra from the Bi/GaAs(100)(2x4) surfaces. This allows for resolving the puzzle related to the identification of two SCLS components often found in the measurements of the Bi 5d and Sb 4d core-level emissions of the Bi/III-V and Sb/III-V(100)(2x4) surfaces. Finally, the reason for the absence of the common (2x4)-beta 2 structure and additional support for the stability of the (2x1) structure on the Bi/III-V(100) surfaces are discussed in terms of Bi atom size and subsurface stress.
Secondary instabilities of Görtler vortices in high-speed boundary layer flows

Görtler vortices developed in laminar boundary layer experience remarkable changes when the flow is subjected to compressibility effects. In the present study, five $\mathit{Ma}$ numbers, covering incompressible to hypersonic flows, at $\mathit{Ma}=0.015$ , 1.5, 3.0, 4.5 and 6.0 are specified to illustrate these effects. Görtler vortices in subsonic and moderate supersonic flows ( $\mathit{Ma}=0.015$ , 1.5 and 3.0) are governed by the conventional wall-layer mode (mode W). In hypersonic flows ( $\mathit{Ma}=4.5$ , 6.0), the trapped-layer mode (mode T) becomes dominant. This difference is maintained and intensifies downstream leading to different scenarios of secondary instabilities. The linear and nonlinear development of Görtler vortices which are governed by dominant modal disturbances are investigated with direct marching of the nonlinear parabolic equations. The secondary instabilities of Görtler vortices set in when the resulting streaks are adequately developed. They are studied with Floquet theory at multiple streamwise locations. The secondary perturbations become unstable downstream following the sequence of sinuous mode type I, varicose mode and sinuous mode type II, indicating an increasing threshold amplitude. Onset conditions are determined for these modes. The above three modes can each have the largest growth rate under the right conditions. In the hypersonic cases, the threshold amplitude $A(u)$ is dramatically reduced, showing the significant impact of the thermal streaks. To investigate the parametric effect of the spanwise wavenumber, three global wavenumbers ( $B=0.5$ , 1.0 and $2.0\times 10^{-3}$ ) are specified. The relationship between the dominant mode (sinuous or varicose) and the spanwise wavenumber of Görtler vortices found in incompressible flows (Li & Malik, J. Fluid Mech., vol. 297, 1995, pp. 77–100) is shown to be not fully applicable in high-speed cases. The sinuous mode becomes the most dangerous, regardless of the spanwise wavelength when $\mathit{Ma}>3.0$ . The subharmonic type can be the most dangerous mode while the detuned type can be neglected, although some of the sub-dominant secondary modes reach their peak growth rates under detuned states.
DIET OF THE CHILEAN TINAMOU ( NOTHOPROCTA PERDICARIA ) IN SOUTH CENTRAL CHILE

1Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Departamento de Ciencias Pecuarias, Universidad de Concepción, Chillán, Chile. Email: danigonz@udec.cl 2Departamento de Botánica, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Oceanográficas, Casilla 160C, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile. Email: plopez@udec.cl 3Estudios para la Conservación y Manejo de la Vida Silvestre Consultores, Blanco Encalada 350, Chillán, Chile. Email: asio@surnet.cl
Crowded in a Fragment: High Population Density of Mantled Howler Monkeys ( Alouatta palliata ) in an Anthropogenically-disturbed Costa Rican Rainforest

: Primate population size and demography are important to quantify as part of ongoing conservation efforts in tropical regions. The mantled howler monkey ( Alouatta palliata ) has a wide range from southern Mexico, through Central America to western Colombia, Ecuador and just into Tumbes, Peru. It is known to persist in anthropogenically-disturbed habitats, including forest fragments. As a Vulnerable species with a generally declining population, however, it is crucial to monitor their group size and population density at long-term study sites, particularly as habitats throughout their range are increasingly deforested. We present an updated group demography and population density estimate for the mantled howler monkey population at La Suerte Biological Research Station (LSBRS), Costa Rica, a long-term primate study site in a fragmented rainforest. From 2017–2022, we collected demographic data from 11 mantled howler monkey groups and several solitary individuals at LSBRS. Mean group size in 2022 was 13.1 individuals/group (±4.9 SD), adult male-to-female sex ratio was 1:2.2, and immature to adult female ratio (IFR) was 0.54. Estimated population density was 109.5 howlers/km 2 , to our knowledge, the highest ever recorded for this species at any site. Our results indicate that mantled howler monkeys can persist at a very high density in a fragmented forest over multiple years. Ongoing deforestation in the area surrounding LSBRS has likely led to the migra-tion of howlers into LSBRS, which, along with the lack opportunities for dispersal from LSBRS, has probably contributed to the high population density in this surviving forest fragment. Our findings attest to the ability of mantled howler monkeys to survive in very high densities, which is important to consider for conservation efforts on their behalf
Trade Protection and Firm Innovation: Impact from U.S. Anti-Dumping Sanctions on Innovation Output in China

This study examines how trade protections, such as anti-dumping sanctions on foreign exports, impact innovations developed by affected foreign firms. Using data on U.S. anti-dumping sanctions levied on Chinese exports from 1985 to 2015 and domestic patents developed by Chinese firms in China that are associated with the sanctioned products, we found that anti-dumping sanctions led to an increase in the overall number of domestic patents in China in technology classes that were most relevant to the sanctioned products. This result is consistent with our theory that anti-dumping sanctions enlarge the gap between the pre-innovation and post-innovation rents, thereby providing greater incentives for sanctioned firms to innovate. Furthermore, this effect was boosted by a major national-level pro-innovation campaign instituted by the Chinese central government to promote domestic innovations that further increased the post-innovation rent. However, we also found that anti-dumping sanctions decreased the production of novel patents in China that were most relevant to sanctioned products, which is consistent with the theory that anti-dumping duties reduce the resources available to firms to develop innovations. To sum up, these findings suggest that affected Chinese firms produce more innovations to escape competition and future sanctions, but that they can go only so far to produce more incremental innovations than novel innovations due to resource constraints. This study addresses the literature gap concerning how trade protections affect sanctioned firms’ innovation and generate important strategy and policy implications from such protections’ unintended consequences.
Visual attention and time preference reversals

Time preference reversal refers to systematic inconsistencies between preferences and bids for intertemporal options. From the two eye-tracking studies (N1 = 60, N2 = 110), we examined the underlying mechanisms of time preference reversal. We replicated the reversal effect in which individuals facing a pair of intertemporal options choose the smaller-sooner option but assign a higher value to the larger-later one. Results revealed that the mean fixation duration and the proportion of gaze time on the outcome attribute varied across the choice and bid tasks. In addition, time preference reversals correlated with individual differences in maximizing tendencies. Findings support the contingent weighting hypothesis and strategy compatibility hypothesis and allow for improved theoretical understanding of the potential mechanisms and processes involved in time preference reversals.
On characterization of solutions of some nonlinear differential equations and applications

This paper gives a complete classification of the solutions of the equation $\omega '' - \mu \omega + | \omega |^{q - 1} \omega = 0$ on $S^1 = {\mathbb{R} /{2\pi \mathbb{Z}}}$, where $\mu ,q \in \mathbb{R}$ with $q > 1$, and compares their different levels of energy. Thus the asymptotical behavior and all the possible orbits are found for the parabolic one-dimensional equation $u_t = u_{xx} + | u |^{q - 1} u - \mu u$ and the elliptic two-dimensional equation $\Delta u - c| x |^{ - 2} u + | u |^{q - 1} u = 0$, where $c > 0$.
EFFECT OF THE DEPTH OF NITROGEN-PHOSPHORUS FERTILIZER APPLICATION ON THE NUTRITIONAL STATUS OF MAIZE PLANTS ( Zea mays L.)

The study presents the results of a 4-year field study aimed at assessing the nutrition of maize plants in relation to the depth of two-component (NP) mineral fertilizer placement in the soil layer (0, 5, 10, 15 cm), the type of nitrogen fertilizer (ammo-nium nitrate, urea) and the date of its application (before sowing, BBCH 15/16). It was demonstrated that the initial phosphorus application elevated nitrogen content in the ear leaf with the increase in mineral fertilizer placing depth in soil, while zinc to the depth of 5 cm. DRIS analysis confirmed the significant impact of the depth of phosphorus fertilizer placement on the plants’ nitrogen balance. Initial fertilization with phosphorus improved the plant nutritional status, indicating N as the main deficient nutrient at the BBCH 63 stage.
Control of the Cotton Bollworm Helicoverpa armigera in Tunisian Tomato Open Field Plot by the Application of Some Insecticides

Asma Cherif and Kaouthar Grissa-Lebdi, Laboratoire d’Entomologie, Institut National Agronomique de Tunisie, 43, Avenue Charles Nicolle, 1082 Cité Mahrajène, Université de Carthage, Tunis, Tunisia __________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT Cherif, A. and Grissa-Lebdi, K. 2015. Control of the cotton bollworm Helicoverpa armigera in Tunisian tomato open field plot by the application of some insecticides. Tunisian Journal of Plant Protection 10: 45-54.
THE ROLE OF THE ARGON AND HELIUM BATH GASES ON THE DETONATION STRUCTURE OF H 2 /O 2 MIXTURE

Recent modeling efforts of non-equilibrium effects in detonations have suggested that hydrogen-based detonations may be affected by vibrational non-equilibrium of the hydrogen and oxygen molecules effects which could explain discrepancies of cell sizes measured experimentally and calculated without relaxation effects. The present study addresses the role of vibrational relaxation in 2H 2 /O 2 detonations by considering two-bath gases, argon and helium. These two gases have the same thermodynamic and kinetic effects when relaxation is neglected. However, due to the bath gases differences in molecular weight and reduced mass differences which affect the molecular collisions, relaxation rates can be changed by approximately 50-70%. Experiments were performed in a narrow channel in mixtures of 2H 2 /O 2 /7Ar and 2H 2 /O 2 /7He to evaluate the role of the bath gas on detonation cellular structures. The experiments showed differences in velocity deficits and cell sizes for experimental conditions keeping the induction zone length constant in each of the mixtures. These differences were negligible in sensitive mixtures but increased with the increase in velocity deficits while the cell sizes approaching the channel dimensions. Near the limits, differences of cell size in two mixtures approached a factor of 2. These differences were however reconciled by accounting for the viscous losses to the tube walls, evaluated using a modified version of Mirels' laminar boundary layer theory and generalized Chapman-Jouguet theory for eigenvalue detonations. The experiments suggest that there is an influence of relaxation effects on the cellular structure of detonations, which is more sensitive to wall boundary conditions. However, the previous works showed that the impact of vibrational non-equilibrium in a mixture of H 2 /Air is more visible due to the effects of N 2 in the air, slowest to relax. Previous discrepancies suggested to be indicative of relaxation effects should be re-evaluated by the inclusion of wall loss effects
Recruitment and mortality of the fire sensitive Eucalyptus fraxinoides after the 2019-20 wildfires, Monga National Park, southern New South Wales

: Wildfires are prevalent across Australian landscapes; this is evident in the number of fire-adapted plant species in Australian ecosystems, including most eucalypts. In eastern Australia, there are fewer than 10 fire sensitive eucalypt species including Eucalyptus fraxinoides , whereby 100% leaf scorch results in mortality. Stands of Eucalyptus fraxinoides were burnt in the recent 2019-20 bushfires, which significantly affected Monga National Park in southern New South Wales. There are no post-fire studies on this species, and our aim was to determine recruitment and mortality rates, one year after severe wildfire, by measuring stem diameter (DBH), sapling cover and abundance, and mortality rates of adult trees across low, moderate and extreme fire severities. Bayesian modelling was applied to determine mortality related to severity, where results showed strong effects of fire severity on recruitment and mortality. Strong effects of fire severity on the likelihood of mortality were evident. High severity fire was shown to cause 100% mortality of stems, regardless of stem size. The likelihood of mortality in low and moderate fire severity decreased with increasing stem size. Sapling recruitment increased in density with increasing fire severity. High rates of recruitment following high severity fire and lower rates of mortality with increasing stem size in low severity fires, demonstrates this species resilience to fire.
ON OCTONIONIC GRAVITY, EXCEPTIONAL JORDAN STRINGS AND NONASSOCIATIVE TERNARY GAUGE FIELD THEORIES

Novel nonassociative octonionic ternary gauge field theories are proposed based on a ternary bracket. This paves the way to the many physical applications of exceptional Jordan Strings/Membranes and Octonionic Gravity. The old octonionic gravity constructions based on the split octonion algebra Os (which strictly speaking is not a division algebra) is extended to the full fledged octonion division algebra O. A real-valued analog of the Einstein–Hilbert Lagrangian involving sums of all the possible contractions of the Ricci tensors plus their octonionic-complex conjugates is presented. A discussion follows of how to extract the Standard Model group (the gauge fields) from the internal part of the octonionic gravitational connection. The role of exceptional Jordan algebras, their automorphism and reduced structure groups which play the roles of the rotation and Lorentz groups is also re-examined. Finally, we construct (to our knowledge) generalized novel octonionic string and p-brane actions and raise the possibility that our generalized 3-brane action (based on a quartic product) in octonionic flat backgrounds of 7,8 octonionic dimensions may display an underlying E7, E8 symmetry, respectively. We conclude with some final remarks pertaining to the developments related to Jordan exceptional algebras, octonions, black-holes in string theory and quantum information theory.