Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Clinical Research in Saudi Arabia: Trainee Knowledge and Attitude

Background Clinical research is an integral part of medical and surgical residency programmes, as well as medical school. Aim This study aimed to investigate attitudes toward, the experience of, and perceived barriers to, conducting clinical research in the medical and surgical fields in Saudi Arabia. We also aimed to explore attitudes toward article processing charges and submission fees. Methods A cross-sectional study conducted in Saudi Arabia during the months of May-June 2021. The inclusion criteria were trainees in various medical and surgical specialities. Results The majority of participants conducted at least one research project, representing 92.5% (n=185); of those, 77.3% (n=143) had already published their research. While 33.5% (n=67) of participants felt comfortable designing, leading and critically appraising articles, only 17.3% (n=34) were comfortable using statistical software. Barriers to clinical research include lack of personal interest, lack of interest on the part of programme directors/mentors, inadequate support from mentors/assistants, being overwhelmed with educational activities and examinations, lack of reward and/or motivation, and difficulties obtaining an appropriate sample. Conclusion This article provides new insight into the knowledge of, and attitude toward, clinical research among Saudi Arabian trainees, and discusses the implications thereof and the future direction of clinical research in Saudi Arabia.
Entrepreneurship in the time of COVID-19: Challenges, Opportunities and Governmet Assistance in Latvia

The aim of this article is to analyse the government assistance provided to entrepreneurs in Latvia and its efficiency and appropriateness to the economic conditions encountered by entrepreneurs during the COVID-19 crisis. An insight into international experience creates the framework of this study. The empirical analysis is based on secondary data analysis and entrepreneur’s survey data on business response to COVID-19 related pandemics restrictions and government assistance in Latvia. The observed business areas are financial and risk management, international trade, communication, employment, innovations, strategic change and legal issues. The paper finds that the crisis affected the most such industries as accommodation and food services; arts, entertainment and recreation. The result provides support to justification for a national long-term crisis management strategy for business sustainability.
Multichain Slip-Spring Simulations for Branch Polymers

Although the tube models have attained remarkable success, development of a simulation method for entangled branch polymer dynamics is still a challenge. In this study, the multichain slip-spring model has been examined to branch polymers for the first time. In the model, the bead–spring chains are dispersed in the simulation box, and the entanglement is mimicked by the virtual spring, so-called slip-spring, which connects the chains and hops along the chain. The slip-springs are created and destructed only at the chain ends. Besides, for the relaxation of entanglements formed between the backbone chains in the branch polymers, the hopping of the slip-spring across the branch point (SHAB) is additionally allowed when the branching arm relaxes. The simulation results for symmetric and asymmetric star and H branch polymers are in semiquantitative agreement with experimental and earlier simulation data extracted from the literature. Although the proposed simulation is compatible with the data for scarcely en.
Evaluation of Physical and Chemical Properties of South African Waste Foundry Sand (WFS) for Concrete Use

The foundry industry in South Africa forms one of the greatest industries in the manufacturing sector. It produces waste foundry sand (WFS) that ends up in landfill sites. Around 80% of the WFS could be utilized as a substitute for sand in concrete. The utilization of WFS will benefit the industry, as raw materials (natural sand alternative) and energy are conserved, while costs of disposal are lowered. Soil pollution, as well as water and air resources, will be minimized and the foundries’ competitiveness will be improved. In this study, the physical and chemical properties of five WFSs (two clays and three chemically bonded molding sands) from Gauteng, South Africa were analyzed. The samples were investigated with a view to determine their conformity with applicable engineering criteria when used as a replacement, to various extents, of the fine aggregate. The main properties investigated included physical properties (particle gradation, moisture content, un-compacted bulk density, specific gravity, loss on ignition, clay content, and fineness modulus) and the chemical properties (X-ray fluorescence (XRF), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy/energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM/EDS), pH). The sands generally did not meet the standards pertaining to grading requirements. However, the chemical test results showed the composition of these sands to be comparable with results from other investigations and suitable for use as a natural sand replacement in concrete.
Magnetization Enhancement of Fe3O4 by Attaching onto Graphene Oxide: An Interfacial Effect

In this paper, we have reported about the enhancement of magnetization and blocking temperature of the Fe3O4-reduced graphene oxide (RGO) nanocomposite, which is formed by embedding Fe3O4 nanoparticles onto RGO sheets. We utilized powder X-ray diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscopy, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) techniques to investigate the crystallinity, morphology, phase, composition, purity, and evolution of oxidation states of nanosized Fe3O4 (S1) and Fe3O4-RGO nanocomposite (S2). EELS, Raman, and XPS all together indicate that GO is converted into RGO during the formation of the Fe3O4-RGO nanocomposite. Analysis of Fe 2p3/2 and Fe 2p1/2 peaks in the XPS spectrum of S1 and S2 reveals that Fe2+ ions are converted to Fe3+ ions during the formation of the Fe3O4-RGO nanocomposite, which.
Electrical conductivity in the Earth's mantle inferred from CHAMP satellite measurements—I. Data processing and 1-D inversion

SUMMARY A novel time-domain approach to the global electromagnetic induction problem is applied to vector magnetometer data observed by the CHAMP satellite. Data recorded during 11 storm events in 2001‐2003 are processed track by track, yielding time-series of spherical harmonic coefficients. The data are then interpreted in terms of 1-D layered electrical conductivity models. The inversion is performed by full search of model parametric space which yields sensitivity of misfit with respect to conductivities of layers and positions of interfaces. In the upper 50 km the inversion solidly recovers a conductive layer corresponding to averaged surface conductance. The conductivity of the lower mantle is established at 6 S m −1 assuming the upper‐lower mantle interface is fixed at the seismic-based 670 km boundary. However, the satellite data favour the models with a large jump around 1000 km to unrealistic conductivity values exceeding 10 3 Sm −1 . The resolution of the method in the resistive upper mantle sandwiched between conductive crust and lower mantle is poor. Nevertheless, an upper bound of 0.01 S m −1 is suggested by the data. A conductivity increase in the transition zone is not
OBSERVATIONS ON THE PIPELINE MILKER OPERATION AND ITS EFFECT ON RANCIDITY

Samples of milk produced by four types of pipeline milking systems and one bucket-type mUker were obtained at weekly intervals during a two-year study of the development of rancidity in bulk tank milk. The type of unit, and especially the mechanical features and operating conditions, were dominant factors in the development of rancidity in bulk tank milk. Advanced stage of lactation of a majority of the cows in the fall of the year did not appreciably affect the development of rancidity in mixed herd milk. Late winter and early spring milk of cows on dry feed was more easily condi· tioned for the development of rancidity.
High-Dispersion Spectroscopy of the Superflare Star KIC 6934317

We conducted the high-resolution spectroscopic observation with Subaru/HDS for a G-type star (KIC6934317). We selected this star from the data of the Kepler spacecraft. This star produces a lot of superflares, and the total energy of the largest superflare on this star is � 10 3 times larger (� 2.2×10 35 erg) than that of the most energetic flare on the Sun (� 10 32 erg). The core depth and emission flux of Ca II infrared triplet lines and Hline show high chromospheric activity in this star, in spite of its low lithium abundance and the small amplitude of the rotational modulation. Using the empirical relations between emission flux of chromospheric lines and X-ray flux, this star is considered to show much higher coronal activity than that of the Sun. It probably has large starspots which can store a large amount of magnetic energy enough to give rise to superflares. We also estimated the stellar parameters, such as effective temperature, surface gravity, metallicity, projected rotational velocity (vsini), and radial velocity. KIC6934317 is then confirmed to be an early G-type main sequence star. The value of vsini is estimated to be �1.91 km s −1 . In contrast, the rotational velocity is calculated to be �20 km s −1 by using the period of the brightness variation as the rotation period. This difference can be explained by its small inclination angle (nearly pole-on). The small inclination angle is also supported by the contrast between the large superflare amplitude and the small stellar brightness variation amplitude. The lithium abundance and isochrones implies that the age of this star is more than about a few Gyr, though a problem why this star with such an age has a strong activity remains unsolved.
Pengaruh Gender Diversity Dewan, Ukuran Dewan Komisaris, Komisaris Independen, Komite Audit dan Konsentrasi Kepemilikan terhadap Agresivitas Pajak

AbstractTax aggressiveness is an action taken in order to reduce the burden of income tax by using legal (tax avoidance) and illegal (tax evasion) planning methods, which harm the government because it will reduce tax revenue. This study aims to obtain empirical evidence regarding the effect of board gender diversity, board of commissioners size, independent commissioners, audit committee and ownership concentration on tax aggressiveness. This study used the purposive sampling method and produced a final sample of 33 consumer goods sub-sector manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the 2017-2019 period. This study uses secondary data in the form of annual reports and company annual financial reports obtained from www.idx. co.id. The research analysis method used is the multiple regression analysis methods with a significance level of 5%. Data processing was performed using SPSS version 26. The results showed that board gender diversity, independent commissioners, audit committee and ownership concentration had no significant effect on tax aggressiveness. Meanwhile, the size of the board of commissioners has a significant negative effect on tax. From the research results, it is concluded that the size of the board of commissioners is a driving factor for management's honesty in financial reporting so as to reduce tax aggressiveness. AbstrakAgresivitas pajak adalah sebuah tindakan yang dilakukan dalam rangka mengurangi beban pajak penghasilan dengan metode perencanaan legal (tax avoidance) maupun ilegal (tax evasion) yang di mana tentunya merugikan negara karena akan memperkecil penerimaan pajak negara. Penelitian ini bertujuan mendapatkan bukti empiris mengenai pengaruh gender diversity dewan, ukuran dewan komisaris, komisaris independen, komite audit dan konsentrasi kepemilikan terhadap agresivitas pajak. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode pengambilan sampel purposive sampling dan menghasilkan sampel akhir sebanyak 33 perusahaan manufaktur sub-sektor consumer goods yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia Periode 2017-2019. Penelitian ini menggunakan data sekunder berupa laporan tahunan dan laporan keuangan tahunan perusahaan yang diperoleh dari www.idx. co.id. Metode analisis penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode analisis regresi berganda dengan tingkat signifikansi sebesar 5%. Pengolahan data dilakukan dengan SPSS versi 26. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa gender diversity dewan, komisaris independen, komite audit dan konsentrasi kepemilikan tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap agresivitas pajak. Sedangkan ukuran dewan komisaris berpengaruh signifikan negatif terhadap agresivitas pajak. Dari hasil penelitian, diperoleh kesimpulan bahwa ukuran dewan komisaris merupakan faktor pendorong kejujuran manajemen dalam pelaporan keuangan sehingga dapat mengurangi agresivitas pajak.
Qualitative Capacities and Their Informational Comparison

Capacities are monotonically increasing set functions that generalize probability and possibility measures. They are qualitative when they range on a finite linearly ordered scale. This paper pursues a parallel between qualitative capacities and the quantitative setting of belief functions. The qualitative setting appears to be as rich as the quantitative one, but qualitative counterparts of belief function notions do not always have the same meaning and/or behavior as in the quantitative case. The paper especially focuses on the comparison of qualitative capacities in terms of information content. Various information orderings are studied, including one based on a counterpart of Dempster rule of combination.
Mass transfer effects on biodegradation of methylene blue by immobilized cell in a packed bed bioreactor

Nomenclature: Bi, Biot number; D, Diamete Gravity acceleration (cm h); KI, MB inhibit coefficient (h); Ne, External mass transfe biodegradation rate (mgMB gcell −1 h); qmax, layer from center of bioparticle (cm); Rp, concentration at the surface of the bioparticle (h); UL, Liquid medium superficial velocity (c cell (g) Greek Letters: φ, Thiele modulus for Hald Effectiveness factor (−); ε, Packed bed porosit
Simulation of pulsed neutron activation for determination of water flow in pipes

Abstract The effect of the asymmetric distribution of activated water in PNA (pulsed neutron activation) measurements has been investigated experimentally by depositing a small amount of colour, simulating the activated water, in a transparent Plexiglas pipe. Based on the colour experiments, a semi-empirical model has been developed that describes the distribution of the activated water at different distances from the activation point. The model shows that the combination of inhomogeneous activation and a radial velocity profile makes the mean velocity of the activity lower than the mean velocity of the water. It can also be seen that the velocity of the activity increases as the distance from the activation point increases. The model has been compared with experimental values from PNA measurements and the measured mean velocity shows a similar dependence on the distance from the activation point.
Effect of ultrasound- and pulsed electric field-assisted enzymatic treatment on the recovery and quality of sunflower oil

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of cavitation and electroporation on enzymolysis extraction of sunflower oil. The optimum extraction conditions during 2 h under enzyme-assisted extraction (EAE) with a maximum oil yield of ≈23.70 ± 0.11% were as follows: cellulase/pectinase ratio 2:1, enzyme concentration 2%, pH 4.5, liquid/solid ratio 6:1 ml/g, and extraction temperature 40°C. Under the optimized enzymatic conditions, the application of ultrasound- (250 W) and pulsed electric field- (1.2 kV/cm; 52.4 kJ/kg) assisted enzymatic extraction for 30 min significantly increased the oil extraction yield by 91.1% and 18.6%, respectively, as compared with EAE.
The effect of a 5-year hand hygiene initiative, consisting of the 5 Components, the 5 Steps, and the Hand Hygiene Self-Assessment Framework, an interrupted time-series study.

Background:A World Health Organization (WHO) guideline-based multimodal hand hygiene (HH) initiative consisting of the 5 Components, the 5 Steps, and the HH Self-Assessment Framework (HHSAF) was introduced hospital-wide to a nonteaching Japanese hospital for 5 years. The objective of this study was to assess the effect of this initiative in terms of changes in alcohol-based hand rub (ABHR) consumption and HHSAF score.Methods:The consumption of monthly hospital-wide ABHR was calculated as ml per patient day (PD). The change in ABHR consumption was analysed by an interrupted time series analysis, with a preintervention period of 36 months and an intervention period of 60 months. The correlation between annual ABHR consumption and the HHSAF score was estimated using Pearson’s correlation coefficients.Results:A statistically significant increase was found in the monthly ABHR consumption (change in slope: + 0.479 ml/PD, p < 0.01). Annual ABHR consumption was strongly correlated with the annual HHSAF score (r = 0.971, p < 0.01). Conclusions:A 5-year, 5-step, WHO-based HH initiative significantly increased ABHR consumption. Our study suggested that the HHSAF score can be a good process measure to improve HH in a single facility, as ABHR consumption increased with the HHSAF score.
Differential Expression of Desmocollin2, Desmoglein2, and Plakophilin2 in the Progression of Esophagitis to Esophageal Adenocarcinoma

BackgroundDesmosomes play a key role in intercellular adhesive, but also contribute to tumorigenesis. This study aimed to examine the differential expression of desmocollin2 (DSC2), desmoglein2 (DSG2), and plakophilin2 (PKP2) in the progression of reflux esophagitis to esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) in the rat model of reflux disease established by esophagogastroduodenal anastomosis (EGDA). MethodsEGDA was performed on rats to induce gastroesophageal reflux leading to the development of EAC. All rats were randomly divided into four groups: group A rats received EGDA only (n=27); group B rats received EGDA and iron supplementation (n=28); group C received pseudo surgery only (n=20); group D received pseudo surgery and iron supplementation (n=20). Animals were randomly selected from each group and euthanized at 8 weeks and 32 weeks following EGDA. Esophageal tissues were harvested and divided into 4 types (normal esophagus, esophagitis, dysplasia, and EAC). On these tissue types, immunohistochemistry was performed to characterize the localization and distribution of DSC2, DSG2, and PKP2, while qRT-PCR and western blot were performed to detect the expression of DSC2, DSG2, and PKP2 at the gene and protein levels.ResultsAt 8 weeks after surgery, 80% of rats in group A and 100% in group B had esophagitis. At 32 weeks, 29.41% and 17.65% of rats in group A developed dysplasia and EAC, respectively, while in group B, dysplasia and EAC accounted for 44.44% and 38.89%, respectively. The expression of DSC2, DSG2, and PKP2 at both the gene and protein levels increased progressively from esophagitis to dysplasia, and EAC. Of note, all of the three genes were significantly upregulated in EAC tissues compared with tissues of esophagitis.ConclusionDSC2, DSG2, and PKP2 may play an important role in the progression of esophagitis to EAC. Their expression levels may therefore be utilized as molecular biomarkers for early diagnosis and targeted therapy for EAC.
Forced convection heat transfer in the transition region between laminar and turbulent flow for a vertical circular tube

In this study, first results of the heat transfer characteristic of a vertical double tube heat exchanger were determined. The heat exchanger was operated under cocurrent-flow conditions. The Reynolds-number was varied in the transition region between laminar and turbulent of a single phase flow. A detailed description of the test rig and the data reduction procedure is given. A throughout uncertainty analysis was performed to validate the experimental data. The experimental data are compared with three correlations from open literature, namely with Petukhov [6], Gnielinski [2] and Churchill [12]. Finally, a linear regression of the experimental data is compared with the three given. The equation of Gnielinski and Churchill shows a good accordance with the measured data.
Tocotrienol and Yeast Selenium Improve the Adverse Effect of Florfenicol in Broiler Chickens

| Prolonged use of florfenicol can lead to detrimental side effects in poultry. This work focuses on the role of tocotrienol and yeast selenium to mitigate these side effects in broilers’ kidneys. One hundred and fifty, apparently healthy, one-day-old, unsexed broiler chicks were used, fed on a well-balanced ration throughout the experimental period. Chicks were divided into five equal groups, 30 chicks each. Group (1) control group chicks fed to a balanced diet only. Group (2) Chicks treated with florfenicol (20 mg /kg BW, in drinking water) per bird for 3 successive days and the florfenicol was administered in other groups by the same dose and for the same period of time. Group (3) chicks treated with florfenicol and tocotrienol (170 mg/kg BW, orally) for 7 successive days. Group (4) Chicks treated with florfenicol and yeast selenium (0.15 mg /kg BW, orally) for 7 successive days. Group (5) Chicks treated with a combination of florfenicol, tocotrienol and yeast selenium. Blood samples and the kidney of chicks were collected on the 18 th , 25 th and 35 th day of age. Chickens treated with florfenicol exhibit an increase in renal malondialdehyde (MDA), as well as a decrease in renal superoxide dismutase (SOD) and reduced glutathione (GSH). Tocotrienol and yeast selenium decrease the MDA and increase SOD and GSH in renal tissue. Tocotrienol returns serum uric acid to its normal level. Tocotrienol and yeast selenium don’t not significant change the growth performance parameters in broilers. A combination of tocotrienol and yeast selenium improved the renal histopathological changes caused by Florfenicol. It was concluded that tocotrienol and yeast selenium alone or their combination improve antioxidant effects and mitigate lipid peroxidation in broilers’ kidneys Therefore, tocotrienol and yeast selenium can improve the safety of using florfenicol in broilers.