Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Performance of photosensors in the PandaX-I experiment

We report the long term performance of the photosensors, 143 one-inch R8520-406 and 37 three-inch R11410-MOD photomultipliers from Hamamatsu, in the first phase of the PandaX dual-phase xenon dark matter experiment. This is the first time that a significant number of R11410 photomultiplier tubes were operated in liquid xenon for an extended period, providing important guidance to the future large xenon-based dark matter experiments.
Geometry of weighted recursive and affine preferential attachment trees

We study two models of growing recursive trees. For both models, initially the tree only contains one vertex $u_1$ and at each time $n\geq 2$ a new vertex $u_n$ is added to the tree and its parent is chosen randomly according to some rule. In the \emph{weighted recursive tree}, we choose the parent $u_k$ of $u_n$ among $\{u_1,u_2,\dots, u_{n-1}\}$ with probability proportional to $w_k$, where $(w_n)_{n\geq1}$ is some deterministic sequence that we fix beforehand. In the affine preferential attachment tree with initial fitnesses, the probability of choosing the same $u_k$ is proportional to $a_k+\mathrm{deg}^{+}(u_k)$, where $\mathrm{deg}^{+}(u_k)$ denotes its current number of children, and the sequence of initial fitnesses $(a_n)_{n\geq 1}$ is deterministic and chosen as a parameter of the model. We show that for any sequence $(a_n)_{n\geq 1}$, the corresponding preferential attachment tree has the same distribution as some weighted recursive tree with a random sequence of weights (with some explicit distribution). We then prove almost sure convergences for some statistics associated to weighted recursive trees as time goes to infinity, such as degree sequence, height, profile and measures. Thanks to the connection between the two models, these results also apply to affine preferential attachment trees.
THE BOLOCAM GALACTIC PLANE SURVEY. XII. DISTANCE CATALOG EXPANSION USING KINEMATIC ISOLATION OF DENSE MOLECULAR CLOUD STRUCTURES WITH 13CO(1–0)

We present an expanded distance catalog for 1710 molecular cloud structures identified in the Bolocam Galactic Plane Survey (BGPS) version 2, representing a nearly threefold increase over the previous BGPS distance catalog. We additionally present a new method for incorporating extant data sets into our Bayesian distance probability density function (DPDF) methodology. To augment the dense-gas tracers (e.g., HCO(3–2), NH3(1,1)) used to derive line-of-sight velocities for kinematic distances, we utilize the Galactic Ring Survey (GRS) 13CO(1–0) data to morphologically extract velocities for BGPS sources. The outline of a BGPS source is used to select a region of the GRS 13CO data, along with a reference region to subtract enveloping diffuse emission, to produce a line profile of 13CO matched to the BGPS source. For objects with a HCO(3–2) velocity, ≈95% of the new 13CO(1–0) velocities agree with that of the dense gas. A new prior DPDF for kinematic distance ambiguity (KDA) resolution, based on a validated formalism for associating molecular cloud structures with known objects from the literature, is presented. We demonstrate this prior using catalogs of masers with trigonometric parallaxes and H ii regions with robust KDA resolutions. The distance catalog presented here contains well-constrained distance estimates for 20% of BGPS V2 sources, with typical distance uncertainties ≲ 0.5 kpc. Approximately 75% of the well-constrained sources lie within 6 kpc of the Sun, concentrated in the Scutum–Centaurus arm. Galactocentric positions of objects additionally trace out portions of the Sagittarius, Perseus, and Outer arms in the first and second Galactic quadrants, and we also find evidence for significant regions of interarm dense gas.
The work design contribution to educational workers' sustainable wellbeing and performance patterns

Brazilian education faces difficulties relating to performance and illness, suggesting that the characteristics of the work can affect both variables. This study aims to describe the work characteristics that increase the odds of having happy–productive patterns in education workers. A total of 4,598 employees of the Secretariat of Education of the Federal District (SEEDF) participated in the research, answering questionnaires about work design (Brazilian version, with 18 factors), wellbeing (containing three factors), and performance. The results showed that task, social, and contextual characteristics increase the probability of being in the happy–productive pattern, and specifically, Social Support, Feedback from Others, Task Significance, Task Identity, and Autonomy, in this order, should be considered for intervention purposes.
Osteopontin: An important protein in the formation of kidney stones

The incidence of kidney stones averages 10%, and the recurrence rate of kidney stones is approximately 10% at 1 year, 35% at 5 years, 50% at 10 years, and 75% at 20 years. However, there is currently a lack of good medicines for the prevention and treatment of kidney stones. Osteopontin (OPN) is an important protein in kidney stone formation, but its role is controversial, with some studies suggesting that it inhibits stone formation, while other studies suggest that it can promote stone formation. OPN is a highly phosphorylated protein, and with the deepening of research, there is growing evidence that it promotes stone formation, and the phosphorylated protein is believed to have adhesion effect, promote stone aggregation and nucleation. In addition, OPN is closely related to immune cell infiltration, such as OPN as a pro-inflammatory factor, which can activate mast cells (degranulate to release various inflammatory factors), macrophages (differentiated into M1 macrophages), and T cells (differentiated into T1 cells) etc., and these inflammatory cells play a role in kidney damage and stone formation. In short, OPN mainly exists in the phosphorylated form in kidney stones, plays an important role in the formation of stones, and may be an important target for drug therapy of kidney stones.
POWER OF OBSERVATIONAL HUBBLE PARAMETER DATA: A FIGURE OF MERIT EXPLORATION

We use simulated Hubble parameter data in the redshift range 0 ⩽ z ⩽ 2 to explore the role and power of observational H(z) data in constraining cosmological parameters of the ΛCDM model. The error model of the simulated data is empirically constructed from available measurements and scales linearly as z increases. By comparing the median figures of merit calculated from simulated data sets with that of current Type Ia supernova (SNIa) data, we find that as many as 64 further independent measurements of H(z) are needed to match the parameter constraining power of SNIa. If the error of H(z) could be lowered to 3%, the same number of future measurements would be needed, but then the redshift coverage would only be required to reach z = 1. We also show that accurate measurements of the Hubble constant H0 can be used as priors to increase the H(z) data's figure of merit.
Finnish and Estonian teachers’ views on the nature of intelligence

The purpose of this study was to investigate Finnish (n = 226) and Estonian (n = 347) teachers’ views on the nature of intelligence. The study utilized a survey that included a qualitative, open-ended question about teachers’ definition of intelligence and the quantitative inventory Implicit Theories of Intelligence (ITI). We then employed a convergent mixed-method design to understand teachers’ views on the nature of intelligence. These views were divided into four main categories: the multidimensional nature of intelligence, manifestational nature of intelligence, developmental nature of intelligence, and creative nature of intelligence. Teachers from both countries highlighted cognitive features, such as memory, information processing, and problem-solving skills, as a part of the multidimensional nature of intelligence. In addition, teachers viewed intelligence as developmental when measured with the ITI inventory, indicating that intelligence is considered incremental. Lastly, when triangulating the qualitative and quantitative data of teachers’ views on the nature of intelligence, only one statistically significant difference was found. Teachers with an entity view of intelligence also mentioned entity features in their own descriptions. The results showed that teachers views’ on the nature of intelligence are rather broad; however, in future studies, teacher interviews and classroom observation might provide even more profound understanding of teachers’ views on this topic.
Impact of psychosocial, behavioral and lifestyle factors on subjective cognitive complaints and perceived quality of life in a large cohort of Italian breast cancer patients

The impact of psychosocial and behavioral factors on Cancer Related Cognitive Impairment manifestations is still under debate. Study’s purpose is to determine the prevalence rate of cancer related cognitive impairment in a cohort of Italian breast cancer patients and to evaluate the implication of specific behavioral factors. For these purposes, a total of 233 women (106 breast cancer patients and 127 age-matched controls without oncological diagnosis) completed a questionnaire investigating cognitive functionality (FACT-Cog v3.0), sociodemographic characteristics, clinical information, psychosocial and behavioral factors (cognitive reserve, sleep quality, dietary habits, physical activity). The results indicated a higher prevalence rate of subjective cognitive complaints in breast cancer patients (37%) compared to a representative sample of women in the same age group without an oncological diagnosis (p < 0.001). Moreover, breast cancer patients showed significantly lower levels of cognitive reserve (p < 0.05) and worse sleep quality (p < 0.01) compared to age-matched controls. Further analysis revealed that breast cancer patients reporting subjective cognitive complaints differed significantly from breast cancer patients without subjective cognitive complaints on measures of perceived cognitive abilities (p < 0.001) and on the impact of cognitive difficulties on perceived quality of life (p < 0.01). Future studies are needed to examine behavioral directed interventions to prevent subjective cognitive deficits in breast cancer patients.
Near-infrared-assisted charge control and spin readout of the nitrogen-vacancy center in diamond

We utilize nonlinear absorption to design all-optical protocols that improve both charge state initialization and spin readout for the nitrogen-vacancy (NV) center in diamond. Non-monotonic variations in the equilibrium charge state as a function of visible and near-infrared (NIR) optical power are attributed to competing multiphoton absorption processes. In certain regimes, multicolor illumination enhances the steady-state population of the NV's negative charge state above 90%. At higher NIR intensities, selective ionization of the singlet manifold facilitates a protocol for spin-to-charge conversion that dramatically enhances the spin readout fidelity. We demonstrate a 6-fold increase in the signal-to-noise ratio for single-shot spin measurements and predict an orders-of-magnitude experimental speedup over traditional methods for emerging applications in magnetometry and quantum information science using NV spins.
Reducing brain TACE activity improves neuroinflammation and cardiac function in heart failure rats

Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α converting enzyme (TACE) is a key metalloprotease mediating ectodomain shedding of a variety of inflammatory mediators, substrates, and growth factors. We previously reported that TACE-mediated production of TNF-α in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) contributes to sympathetic excitation in heart failure (HF). Here, we sought to determine whether central interventions in TACE activity attenuate neuroinflammation and improve cardiac function in heart failure. Myocardial infarction-induced HF or sham-operated (SHAM) rats were treated with bilateral paraventricular nucleus microinjection of a TACE siRNA or a 4-week intracerebroventricular (ICV) infusion of the TACE inhibitor TAPI-0. Compared with SHAM rats, scrambled siRNA-treated HF rats had higher TACE levels in the PVN along with increased mRNA levels of TNF-α, TNF-α receptor 1 and cyclooxygenase-2. The protein levels of TNF-α in cerebrospinal fluid and phosphorylated (p-) NF-κB p65 and extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (ERK)1/2 in the PVN were also elevated in HF rats treated with scrambled siRNA. The expression of these inflammatory mediators and signaling molecules in the PVN of HF rats were significantly attenuated by TACE siRNA. Interestingly, the mRNA level of TNF-α receptor 2 in the PVN was increased in HF treated with TACE siRNA. Moreover, sympathetic excitation, left ventricular end-diastolic pressure, pulmonary congestion, and cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis were reduced by PVN microinjection of TACE siRNA. A 4-week treatment with intracerebroventricular TAPI-0 had similar effects to ameliorate these variables in HF rats. These data indicate that interventions suppressing TACE activity in the brain mitigate neuroinflammation, sympathetic activation and cardiac dysfunction in HF rats.
BERT4Rec: Sequential Recommendation with Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformer

Modeling users' dynamic preferences from their historical behaviors is challenging and crucial for recommendation systems. Previous methods employ sequential neural networks to encode users' historical interactions from left to right into hidden representations for making recommendations. Despite their effectiveness, we argue that such left-to-right unidirectional models are sub-optimal due to the limitations including: \begin enumerate* [label=series\itshape\alph*\upshape)] \item unidirectional architectures restrict the power of hidden representation in users' behavior sequences; \item they often assume a rigidly ordered sequence which is not always practical. \end enumerate* To address these limitations, we proposed a sequential recommendation model called BERT4Rec, which employs the deep bidirectional self-attention to model user behavior sequences. To avoid the information leakage and efficiently train the bidirectional model, we adopt the Cloze objective to sequential recommendation, predicting the random masked items in the sequence by jointly conditioning on their left and right context. In this way, we learn a bidirectional representation model to make recommendations by allowing each item in user historical behaviors to fuse information from both left and right sides. Extensive experiments on four benchmark datasets show that our model outperforms various state-of-the-art sequential models consistently.
Intrinsic randomness as a measure of quantum coherence

Based on the theory of quantum mechanics, intrinsic randomness in measurement distinguishes quantum effects from classical ones. From the perspective of states, this quantum feature can be summarized as coherence or superposition in a specific (classical) computational basis. Recently, by regarding coherence as a physical resource, Baumgratz et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 113, 140401 (2014)] presented a comprehensive framework for coherence measures. Here, we propose a quantum coherence measure essentially using the intrinsic randomness of measurement. The proposed coherence measure provides an answer to the open question in completing the resource theory of coherence. Meanwhile, we show that the coherence distillation process can be treated as quantum extraction, which can be regarded as an equivalent process of classical random number extraction. From this viewpoint, the proposed coherence measure also clarifies the operational aspect of quantum coherence. Finally, our results indicate a strong similarity between two types of quantumness\char22{}coherence and entanglement.
Neonatal outcomes and congenital malformations in children born after progestin-primed ovarian stimulation protocol

Purpose The purpose of this study is to assess the safety of progestin-primed ovarian stimulation (PPOS) protocol regarding the neonatal outcomes and congenital malformations in babies born after in vitro fertilization (IVF) and frozen embryo transfer (FET). Methods In this large retrospective cohort study, a total of 16,493 infants born between 1 September 2013 and 31 July 2021 from IVF and FET cycles after treatment with either PPOS (n = 15,245) or gonadotropin-releasing hormone antagonist (GnRH-ant) (n = 1,248) were finally enrolled. The primary outcome measure was the incidence of congenital malformations. The secondary outcome measures were rates of low birth weight (LBW), very low birth weight (VLBW), preterm birth (PTB), very preterm birth (VPTB), and early neonatal death. Results Birth characteristics for both singletons and twins regarding the sex of infants, gestational age, birth weight, and birth length were comparable between the PPOS group and the GnRH-ant group. Rates of LBW, VLBW, PTB, VPTB, and early neonatal death were also similar. The reanalysis using propensity score matching (PSM) and multivariable logistic regression indicated that the PPOS protocol could not increase the risk of adverse neonatal outcomes compared with the GnRH-ant protocol. Furthermore, no significant difference was observed in the overall incidence of congenital malformations in live-born babies. After PSM and controlling for all confounders, the results remained insignificant with an adjusted odds ratio of 0.66 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.32–1.34] and 2.43 [95% CI 0.97–6.06], respectively, for singletons and twins. Conclusions Our study suggests that compared with GnRH-ant treatment for IVF, the PPOS protocol could not produce a negative effect on the newborn population in terms of neonatal outcomes and congenital malformations.
The relation of the frequency and functional molecules expression on plasmacytoid dendritic cells to postpartum hepatitis in women with HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B virus infection

Objective To explore the correlation between postpartum hepatitis and changes of plasmacytoid dendritic cells’ (pDC) function and frequency in hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg)-positive pregnant women with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. Methods Pregnant women with chronic HBV infection receiving antiviral treatment (treated group) or not receiving antiviral treatment (untreated group) were enrolled and demographic information was collected before delivery. Clinical biochemical, virological serology, pDC frequency and functional molecular expression were tested before delivery and at 6, 12, 24 weeks after delivery. Results 90 eligible pregnant women were enrolled, 36 in the untreated group and 54 in the treated group. 36 patients developed postpartum hepatitis, including 17 (17/36, 47.2%) in the untreated group and 19 (19/54, 35.2%) in the treated group (χ2 = 1.304 p=0.253), and 22 cases of hepatitis occurred at 6 weeks postpartum, 12 at 12 weeks postpartum, and 2 at 24 weeks postpartum. The alanine transaminase (ALT) levels at any time postpartum were significantly higher than that of the antepartum, especially at 6 weeks and 12 weeks postpartum. However, the frequencies of pDCs, CD83+ pDCs and CD86+ pDCs antepartum had no significant difference from any time postpartum. The frequencies of CD83+ pDCs, CD86+ pDCs in the treated group antepartum were significantly higher than those in the untreated group [12.70 (9.46, 15.08) vs. 10.20 (7.96, 11.85), p=0.007; 22.05 (19.28, 33.03) vs. 18.05 (14.33, 22.95), p=0.011], and the same at 12 weeks postpartum [12.80 (10.50, 15.50) vs. 9.38 (7.73, 12.60), p=0.017; 22.50 (16.80, 31.20) vs. 16.50 (12.65, 20.80), p=0.001]. The frequency of CD86+ pDCs in the treated group was significantly higher than that in the untreated group at 24 weeks postpartum [22.10 (16.70, 30.00) vs. 17.10 (13.70, 20.05), p=0.006]. Conclusions Postpartum hepatitis in HBV infected women mainly occurs at 6-12 weeks postpartum. Antiviral treatment during pregnancy can significantly increase the frequencies of CD83+ pDCs and CD86+ pDCs in pregnant women with chronic HBV infection.
Cosmological perturbations in models of coupled dark energy

Models in which dark energy interacts with dark matter have been proposed in the literature to help explain why dark energy should only come to dominate in recent times. In this paper, we present a dynamical framework to calculate cosmological perturbations for a general quintessence potential and interaction term. Our formalism is built upon the powerful phase-space approach often used to analyze the dynamical attractors in the background. We obtain a set of coupled differential equations purely in terms of dimensionless, bounded variables and apply these equations to calculate perturbations in a number of scenarios. Interestingly, in the presence of dark-sector interactions, we find that dark energy perturbations do not redshift away at late times, but can cluster even on small scales. We also clarify the initial conditions for the perturbations in the dark sector, showing that adiabaticity is no longer conserved in the presence of dark-sector interactions, even on large scales. Some issues of instability in the perturbations are also discussed.
Electron Preacceleration in Weak Quasi-perpendicular Shocks in High-beta Intracluster Medium

Giant radio relics in the outskirts of galaxy clusters are known to be lit up by the relativistic electrons produced via diffusive shock acceleration (DSA) in shocks with low sonic Mach numbers, Ms ≲ 3. The particle acceleration at these collisionless shocks critically depends on the kinetic plasma processes that govern the injection to DSA. Here, we study the preacceleration of suprathermal electrons in weak, quasi-perpendicular (Q⊥) shocks in the hot, high-β (β = Pgas/PB) intracluster medium (ICM) through two-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations. Guo et al. showed that, in high-β Q⊥-shocks, some of the incoming electrons could be reflected upstream and gain energy via shock drift acceleration (SDA). The temperature anisotropy due to the SDA-energized electrons then induces the electron firehose instability (EFI), and oblique waves are generated, leading to a Fermi-like process and multiple cycles of SDA in the preshock region. We find that such electron preacceleration is effective only in shocks above a critical Mach number . This means that, in ICM plasmas, Q⊥-shocks with Ms ≲ 2.3 may not efficiently accelerate electrons. We also find that, even in Q⊥-shocks with Ms ≳ 2.3, electrons may not reach high enough energies to be injected to the full Fermi-I process of DSA, because long-wavelength waves are not developed via the EFI alone. Our results indicate that additional electron preaccelerations are required for DSA in ICM shocks, and the presence of fossil relativistic electrons in the shock upstream region may be necessary to explain observed radio relics.