Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect of different extractant of dandelion on spontanous contraction in gastric antral circular smooth muscle of guinea-pigs

[Objective] To investigate the effect of the different extractant of taraxacum on spontaneous contraction of gastric antral circular smooth muscle in guinea-pig and to sieve the effective position of dandelion in increasing sponaneous contraction of stomach. [Methods] Mixing the different extractant of taraxacum with carbo medicinalis gum-solution.Polygraph was introduced to record the effect of different extractant of taraxacum on spontaneous contraction after intragastric administration.Animals were divided into six groups which were control group,N-butanol extractant of taraxacum,water extractant,ligroin extractant and actidin extractant of taraxacum group. [Results] Propulsion distance of the mixing of n-butanol extractant(72.7±4.2)%of taraxacum and carbo medicinalis gum-solution was obviously longer than other extractant of taraxacum in stomach and intestine of mice.Comparing with control group(57.6±4.3)%,water extractant group(27.3±9.1)%,petroleum benzine extractant group(35.4±10.3)%,acetoacetate extractant group(35.7±12.1)%,there was statistical significance significance.Different concentrations of the mixing of n-butanol extractant of taraxacum and carbo medicinalis gum-solution obviously inhibited propulsion distance in a dose-dependent manner and the propulsion distance was(51.7±5.3)%、(66.3±4.5)% and(85.0±5.0)% at 1 mg/mL,10 mg/mL和100 mg/mL respectively,N-butanol extractant of taraxacum potentiates the spontaneous contraction of gastric circular smooth muscle and exhibits concentration dependent manner.Comparing with control group and other extractant of dandelion group,it has significant difference. [Conclusion] N-butanol extractant of taraxacum is the effective postion of promoting the dynamia of gastrointestinal tract.
Melanocytes are not absent in lesional skin of long duration vitiligo

This paper provides evidence that melanocytes are still present in the depigmented epidermis of patients with vitiligo even after stable disease of 25 years' duration. Melanocyte cultures were successfully established from depigmented epidermal suction blister tissue of all 12 randomly selected patients and these cells produced melanin. Even under in vitro conditions, vacuolation of melanocytes was demonstrated in five patients with active disease, which was reversible upon exogenous addition of bovine catalase to the culture medium. Full skin biopsies from 17 patients with vitiligo, obtained from depigmented and normally pigmented areas, confirmed the involvement of melanocytes, keratinocytes, and Langerhans cells in this disorder. In addition, the presence of clustered and single pre‐melanosomes in basal and supra‐basal keratinocytes of lesional and normal epidermis, as well as the retention of single melanocytes in lesional epidermis, was demonstrated by light and electron microscopy. Upon topical application of a narrow band UVB‐activated pseudocatalase, vacuolation, granulation, and dilatation of the endoplasmic reticulum completely recovered, but the ectopic pre‐melanosome shedding remained. Taken together, these observations indicate that melanocytes are never completely absent in the depigmented epidermis and that these melanocytes can recover their functionality in vivo and in vitro upon the removal of hydrogen peroxide. Furthermore, this study supports the concept that vitiligo involves the entire epidermal unit in both depigmented and ‘normal’ pigmented skin. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Oxidative stress and some haematobiochemical changes in blood of cattle during theileriosis.

تلمش ذه لا ه ةسارد ددع ًف اٌرلٌثلاب ةباصلاا نع ءاصقتسلاا 30 نم هرقب عرازملا دحا ضرملاب ةباصلأا ضارعا اهٌلع ترهظ دقو موٌفلا ةظفاحمب ( ةرارحلا ةجرد ًف عافترا , حوللا ماما ةصاخبو ةٌحطسلا ةٌفمللا دقعلا مخضت , ةٌطاخملا ةٌشغلاا بوحش لازهلا , عمدت نٌنٌعلا , ةٌهشلا فعض , ةظحلام مت امك بلقلا تابرضو سفنتلا تلادعم ةداٌزو دلجلا ةنوشخ باصملا ناوٌحلا مسج نم ةفلتخم قطانم ًلع لافطتم دارقلا دوجو ) مت دقف كلذ ًلا ةفاضلأاب ددع عمجت 96 نٌتاسبلا رزجمب حبذلا لبق اٌرهاظ ةمٌلس راقبا نم ةنٌع . ةبسن نا دجو دقو ةعرزملا ًف اٌرلٌثلاب ةباصلأا 26 ( 86.67 % ) . رزجملاب اٌرهاظ ةمٌلسلا تاناوٌحلا ًف امأ تناكف 14 ( 14.58 )% . نولاملا يوتسم ًف ةٌونعم ةداٌز مدلاب ةٌلمعملا تاصوحفلا ترهظا زوكولجلا مٌزناو لزتخملا نوٌثاتولجلا يوتسم ًف اٌونعم اصقنب ةبوحصم دٌاهدلا ياد زٌنٌحوردٌاه يد تافسوف . امك رهظأ مدلل يولخلا صحفلا ددع نم لك ًف اٌونعم اصقن ءارمحلا تاٌركلا , مجحو نٌبولجومٌهلا ةبسن ةطوغضملا مدلا اٌلاخ ًف ةٌونعم ةداٌزب ابوحصم صقن ًلا ةفاضلااب اذه ءارمحلا ةٌركلا مجح طسوتم يونعم ل ًلكلا ددعلا ًف مدلا تارك ءاضٌبلا نم لك ًف اٌونعم اصقن اهل ًعونلا دعلا رهظا دقو ةٌوافمللا اٌلاخلا , لٌفورتٌنلا لٌفونوزٌلأاو . اما ًئاٌمكوٌبلا لٌلحتلا رهظأ دقف نٌتوربلا نم لك تاٌوتسم ًف اٌونعم اصقن نٌلوٌبولجلاو نٌموٌبللأا ًلكلا , زوكولجلا ىوتسم نم لك ًف ةٌونعملا ةداٌزلا ًلا ةفاضلأاب طاشن زارٌفسنارتونٌملأا كلذك و ًلكلا نٌبرولٌبلا , ظحول امك ىعونلاو ىلكلا مدلا لورٌتسٌلوكو نم لك ًف اٌونعم اضافخنا تاٌوتسم موٌسلاكلا , روفسوفلا , موٌدوصلا , موٌساتوبلا و دٌدحلا .
Accumulation of Itaconic, 2-Hydroxyparaconic, Itatartaric, and Malic Acids by Strains of the Genus Ustilago

Many strains of the genus Ustilago were found to be good producers of organic acids, that is, itaconic, l-itatartaric, l-2-hydroxyparaconic, and l-malic acids. Itatartaric and 2-hydroxyparaconic acids were invariably produced together with itaconic acid. From these findings and the results of the experiments with permeabilized cells of Ustilago cynodontis, the following metabolic sequence was assumed: itaconate→hydroxyparaconate→ntatartarate, as a by-path from the tricarboxylic acid cycle.
Body temperatures of an intertidal barnacle and two whelk predators in relation to shore height, solar aspect, and microhabitat

Accurate predictions of species responses to climate change require a detailed understanding of the temperatures that organisms experience in the wild. We developed biomimetic physical models of 3 common northeastern Pacific intertidal species: 2 predatory dogwhelks, Nucella ostrina and N. lamellosa and their barnacle prey, Balanus glandula. We established 42 biomimetics in up to 11 different microhabitats within an approximately 100 m2 region of the shoreline on San Juan Island, Washington, USA. Average temperatures were recorded at 15 min intervals over 3 successive summers. We found large differences in temperatures of N. ostrina biomimetics when placed in different microhabitats; as much as 8°C difference in mean daily maximum temperature and over 30 °C differences on individual days. Solar refuges and differing solar aspects reduced body temperatures, relative to more sun-exposed locations at the same shore height, by as much as moving 0.5 m lower on the shore. When biomimetics of the 3 species were placed in the same habitat, average daily maximum temperatures differed by <0.2°C, a surprisingly small amount. Yet because these species differ greatly in known thermal tolerances, the temperatures imply large differences among species in daily risk of thermal stress (0 to 33.8%). Further, N. ostrina could halve its risk of thermal stress on the high shore by moving between solar aspects. The ability of mobile predators such as Nucella spp. to exploit spatio-temporal variation in temperature likely influences their ability to regulate sessile prey such as B. glandula.
Transcriptome analysis of conifer defense against bark beetle-associated blue-stain fungi and white pine weevil

ii Table of contents . iii List of tables . vi List of figures. viii List of abbreviations . x Conifer and fungal species used in the study . xiii Acknowledgements . xiv Dedication . xvi Co-authorship statement . xvii
Influence of Water Stress on Morphology, Physiology and Yield Contributing Characteristics of Rice

Water stress or drought is one of the main reasons behind the lower productivity of rice–a widely popular nutritious cereal crop and the staple food for a large portion of the world’s population. A pot experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of water stress on three rice varieties e.g. Banglamoti, Vittiatash and Atash balam in a silty clay soil. To identify whether less water affects rice production, rice plants were cultivated under five different water treatments, T1: flooding at 5 cm depth, T2: flooding at 3 cm depth, T3: saturated water condition, T4: water content@75% saturation, and T5: water content @50% saturation, and were arranged in a completely randomized design with three replications. Morphology, yield and physiological parameters of the rice plants were evaluated. Treatment below saturation did not produce any yield for all the rice varieties studied. All the morphological parameters and yields (e.g. dry weight of plants, plant height, tiller number, panicle number, grain number, grain weight, 1000 seed weight, and harvest index) showed a lower value under water deficient condition. Relative water content and water use efficiency declined with declining water content which represented the variations in their physiological responses to water stress. The grain content per panicle as well as 1000 grain weight of the rice varieties was maximum at saturation condition. Highest harvest index was observed for Vittiatash rice variety at saturated condition. Flooding the soil with either 5 cm or 3 cm depth did not produce any significant change in the studied parameters which indicated that approximately 2 cm water can easily be curtailed which may not affect the production of rice.
Commercialization of Moringa: Evidence from Southern Ethiopia

Abstract The policies in Ethiopia to advance the commercial orientation of farmers need identification of challenges at farmer level and exhaustive actions to shift the farm sector. Further activities have to be done to change the country’s present subsistence-oriented farm production system of different crops. The research has aimed at investigating factors determining the Moringa commercialization in southern Ethiopia. The cross-sectional survey method was used to identify 232 Moringa producing smallholder farmers from Wolaita and Gamo zones. Heckman’s two-step sample selection model is adopted to find factors determining the probability of Moringa market participation and the intensity of participation. The study result revealed that the likelihood of the Moringa output market participation is influenced by the variables such as location, access to irrigation, and distance to market. On the other hand family size, per capita income, frequency of extension contact, access to irrigation, access to credit, and distance to market are among significantly influencing factors of the extent of Moringa marketing. Therefore, policy agents should mainly consider these variables on any development activities to improve Moringa marketing. Furthermore, it requires improving extension services and offering immediate practical training on techniques of market-oriented and value-added Moringa production and marketing systems.
Social Media’s Influence on Language Use: A Sociological Perspective on "Social Media Language" as a Communication Phenomenon among College Students in Ruteng, Flores

Social media has made certain impacts on written communication among college students. It is interesting that there seems to be a sense of freedom of self-expression in their use of “social media language. ” The purpose of this study is to look at some phenomena indicating the occurrence of newly created words and expressions in the way college students in Ruteng, East Nusa Tenggara, use “social media language” in their online communication. Based on those phenomenon, the research questions that the present study intend to address are: Firstly, what words and expressions have college students in Ruteng recently invented? Secondly, why did they create new words and expressions to communicate in social media? A sociological approach is used in the analysis the aforesaid occurrences among the student subjects of this study. The results of the study indicate that the creation of new words and expressions in the students’ use of social media language is largely motivated by the need to express their feelings more freely, and their use of new words and expressions they have created themselves is an act of self-defining their identity as an attempt to set themselves apart from other social groups. Based on the previously mentioned findings, it can be inferred that the use of certain “social media language” among the college students in Ruteng is the implication of the easy access to the Internet in Ruteng. More than that, the need of belonging to a particular group of young people with distinctive identity that is recognizable by their use of specific invented words and expressions.
Efficacy of an inactivated Vaccine prepared from a new isolate of Newcastle Disease Virus

The incidence of Newcastle Disease virus (NDV) outbreaks in Egypt is still frequent even massive vaccination programs that due to viral mutation and appearing new isolates that need new vaccination program. Inactivated Newcastle Disease virus (NDV) vaccine was prepared using a new local isolate (NDV/Ch/Giza2014), from Giza governorate, Egypt, inactivated with binary ethylenimine (BEI) and emulsified with Montanide ISA70VG as an oil adjuvant. The prepared vaccine was evaluated in comparison with an inactivated imported vaccine. Chick groups vaccinated with either prepared or imported vaccines showed high serum antibody titers from the third week post vaccination until reached the maximum titer at the 9th week post vaccination using Haemagglutination Inhibition (HI) test. The prepared and imported vaccines gave 95-100% of protection against the local and the classical strain in chicks, during challenge period, there no clinical signs or lesions on examination. Our Conclusion that the locally prepared inactivated NDV vaccine can protect chicken against either homologous or heterologous challenging viruses.
Behavioural Perspective of Economic Slowdown & Market Upheavals

This paper is an effort to understand the behaviour of securities markets and their implications for the economy within the wider perspective of behavioural finance. Behavioural finance is a pragmatic, practical and positivist approach to study financial decisionmaking. It attempts to explain the aspects of finance and investing, from a human perspective. Behaviourism is intended to observation and understanding of the realities in every field of decision-making in a deeper manner than the oversimplified and overgeneralized conventional mathematical modeling with limited and even fallacious assumptions which are many times inadequately representative of the real life scenario. Conventional economists recommend superficial reforms that only postpone the malady, which in the end returns with greater horror. In other words, short-run fluctuations are curtailed, but cumulative long run fluctuations increase. These policies, rather than stabilize the economy, add to its problems in the long run. But now superficial measures aren’t producing even the short-run results. The economists started speculating a few days earlier that the years 2019-21 are going to initiate depression worldwide with the US-China trade tensions, global warming, changed weather patterns and due to actions of the governments of advanced economies promoting distributive inequity the world is now having. There started strong indications from the automobile and financial sectors in the late 2019. This is taken as part of the 30 year cycle by Sarkar and Batra as detailed in the paper with reference to the position if crashing economies, stagflation, decreasing economic activities and decreasing employment and due to Corona pandemic. Assessment upto 2036 has been made further. The systemic linkages in a progressive economy can be better understood and utilized in a highly fruitful and effective way for betterment, of all under the tenets of behavioural finance. Behavioural measures based on law of social cycle and collective psychology can reduce the amplitude of violent fluctuations of the economy significantly for a very long time and ensure its smooth & harmonious movement. But they would not eliminate these fluctuations. Nor is it desirable because straight-line evolution is not possible for any entity no matter what. For smooth functioning of the production structure the smooth flow of money requires to be ensured. Indexed TermsBehaviourism, Bounded Rationality perspective, Law of Social Cycle, Systaltic Motion, Collective psychology, Socionomics.
How do the principals' democratic leadership styles contribute to teacher performance?

One factor influencing teacher performance is the principal’s leadership style. For this reason, this study aims to analyze how the contribution of the principal’s democratic leadership style to teacher performance. The research method used is a quantitative non-experimental method which is correlational. The research sample is 86 elementary school teachers. Research data were collected using two instruments, the teacher’s performance questionnaire, and the democratic leadership style questionnaire. Data analysis techniques using product-moment correlation to see the significant relationship on each variable. The results showed there was a significant relationship between democratic leadership styles and teacher performance, so it can be concluded that democratic leadership styles contribute to teacher performance.
The Loads and Responses Committee Final Report and Recommendations to the 22 nd ITTC

The Committee appointed by the 21 ITTC consisted of the following members: • Ms. Kathryn K. McCreight (chairman), David Taylor Model Basin, MD, USA • Dr. Johan E. W. Wichers (secretary), Maritime Research Institute Netherlands (MARIN), The Netherlands (present MARIN USA Inc.) • Professor Grant E. Hearn, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, UK • Dr. Ole A. Hermundstad, Norwegian Marine Technology Research Institute (MARINTEK), Norway • Professor Tsugukiyo Hirayama, Yokohama National University, Yokohama, Japan • Professor Wataru Koterayama, Kyushu University, Kasuga, Japan • Dr. Allan R. Magee, BEC, Val de Reuil, France • Mr. Adolfo Marón, Canal de Experiencias Hidrodinámicas, Madrid, Spain • Dr. Deuk-Joon Yum, Hyundai Maritime Research Institute, Ulsan, Korea
Evaluation of Queen Conch (Strombus gigas) Populations Inside and Outside of the East Harbor Conch and Lobster Reserve in the Turks and Caicos Islands By

Marine protected areas are widely-accepted tools used for the recovery of depleted fisheries. Their effectiveness, though, varies based on a variety of factors. In 1993, the East Harbor Conch and Lobster Reserve was established in the Caicos Bank off of the Turks and Caicos Islands in response to a steep decline in queen conch (Strombus gigas) populations. However, an evaluation in 2003 concluded that the reserve may not be as effective at protecting the conch population as previously hoped. This study found that conch were larger in the fishing grounds than the protected area, densities were similar inside and outside of the protected area, and densities were much lower than what was observed in 2003. Additionally, there was a low percentage of important algal habitat inside of the reserve. The conch populations in the Caicos Bank have continued to decline, and may be negatively affected by a lack of habitat inside the reserve and inverse density dependence. This study presents evidence that the East Harbor Conch and Lobster Reserve is not effectively protecting the conch populations in the Caicos Bank and suggests that alternative avenues of management should be investigated. INTRODUCTION Globally, fished stocks have crashed due to overexploitation, resulting in fisheries that are relied on heavily by local communities but are unsustainable (Froese et al 2012; Pauly et al 2005). In response, many countries have implemented marine protected areas (MPAs) as tools to build sustainable fisheries and conserve marine species (Edgar et al 2014; Lester et al 2009). In restricting fishing and human activity in certain geographic areas, MPAs have been shown to allow marine fish and invertebrate populations to increase in density and biomass inside of the protected area (McClanahan et al. 2006; Polunin and Roberts 1993; Stobart et al. 2009). Long-established MPAs can also result in a spillover effect, in which the population in the protected area is allowed to increase in density, eventually resulting in the emigration of individuals out of the protected area into the fishing grounds. The effect is a net export of biomass and repopulation of fishing grounds while the preservation of the source of export is ensured (Colleter et al 2012; Goni et al 2008). Spillover effect is often a goal for MPAs made to protect fished species, as it enhances the fishery and benefits fishermen affected by the decrease
WETLAND MAPPING IN NEW BRUNSWICK, CANADA WITH LANDSAT5-TM, ALOS-PALSAR, AND RADARSAT-2 IMAGERY

Abstract. Several maps of wetland areas in central New Brunswick, Canada, were produced by applying the Random Forests classifier to different combinations of optical Landsat-5 TM images, dual-polarized (HH, HV) Radarsat-2 C-band and Alos-1 PalSAR L-band Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) images and digital elevation data. The resulting maps were compared to 199 GPS wetland sites that were visited between 2012 and 2018 as well as to a combination of two wetland maps currently used by the Province of New Brunswick. The number of correctly identified GPS wetland sites was the highest when both the Alos-PalSAR and Radarsat-2 images are used (97.9%). This percentage of correctly identified sites were well above the accuracy of the official New Brunswick wetland maps (44.7 %). With the best-classified image, the misidentifications were due to wetlands not being classified in the right wetland class, and just one case was a wetland site being classified in a non-wetland class. For the NB wetland map, about a quarter of the wetland validation sites were classified in a non-wetland class, and about the same number of sites were classified in the wrong wetland class.
Choice Probabilities and Equilibrium Conditions in a Matching Market with Flexible Contracts

The purpose of the paper is to develop discrete and continuous probabilistic choice models for a matching market of heterogeneous suppliers and demanders. The point of departure is similar to that of Tinbergen (1956) which considers equilibrium conditions in a matching market with a particular continuous distribution of preferences and attributes of the agents. The present paper extends Tinbergen's analysis to allow for rather general specifications of the preferences and the distribution of agent-specific attributes.