Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Deconfinement critical point of a heavy quark effective lattice theories

Effective three-dimensional Polyakov loop theories derived from QCD by strong coupling and hopping expansions are valid for heavy quarks and can also be applied to finite chemical potential `, due to their considerably milder sign problem. We apply the Monte-Carlo method to the # 5 = 1, 2 effective theories up to O(^ ) in the hopping parameter at ` = 0 to determine the critical quark mass, at which the first-order deconfinement phase transition terminates. The critical end point obtained from the effective theory to order O(^) agrees well with 4-dimensional QCD simulations with a hopping expanded determinant by the WHOT-QCD collaboration. We also compare with full QCD simulations and thus obtain a measure for the validity of both the strong coupling and the hopping expansion in this regime.
INTERACTION OF WILD OATS (AVENA FATUA L.) WITH SPRING WHEAT (TRITICUM AESTIVUM L.) SEEDED AT DIFFERENT RATES

Wild oat is noxious weed of wheat crop. In order to study the effect of spring wheat seeding rates on wild oats competition, experiments were conducted at Malkandher Research Farm, NWFP Agricultural University Peshawar during Rabi 2004-05. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Complete Block (RCB) design with split plot arrangement. Four seed rates: 100, 130,160 and 190 kg ha -1 were assigned to main plots, while wild oats densities 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30 seed m -2 were in sub-plots. Data were recorded on number of spikes m -2 , grains spike -1 , 1000 grain weight (g), and grain yield (kg ha -1 ). Statistical analysis of the data showed that most of the parameters were statistically significantly affected by wild oats densities and crop seed rates. The highest number of spikes m -2 (281.9), grains spike -1 (50.0) and 1000-grain weight (30.26) were recorded in wheat monocultures (0 wild oat density plot). A crop seed rate of 160 kg ha -1 had significantly more spikes m -2 (283.4), greater spike length (8.58 cm), greater 1000-grain weight (30.87 g) and greater grain yield. Thus, a seed rate of 160 kg ha -1 is recommended for suppression of wild oats population in wheat. The regression analysis also predicted lowest competition of wild oats in wheat seeded at 160 kg ha -1 .
Outcome-based Contracts as a New Business Model: The Role of Partnership and Value-driven Relational Assets

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Evaluation of Elastic Stiffness Parameters for Pipeline–Soil Interaction

AbstractThis paper focuses on elastic stiffness parameters for axial, horizontal, and vertical motions of a pipeline relative to the seabed, with the aim of expressing these parameters in terms of fundamental elastic properties of the soil. Limited information exists in the literature on the axial elastic response of on-bottom pipelines, particularly for nonhomogeneous soil. Therefore, an approximate analytical approach was developed for axial stiffness, focusing on the case of shear modulus proportional to depth. The solution was then verified through numerical analysis. Further numerical analysis was carried out to obtain relationships for horizontal and vertical elastic stiffnesses of on-bottom pipelines. Finally, relationships among elastic stiffnesses were developed. Here recommendations are made for the selection of proper elastic stiffnesses in all three directions of motion. These recommendations allow consistent and rigorous modeling of elastic pipe–seabed interactions with application to the ana.
OTT_A_246031 3277..3287

Xiaowei Zhong * Dianfeng Liu* Ziping Jiang Chengshun Li Lin Chen Yidan Xia Da Liu Qunyan Yao 4 Dongxu Wang 1Laboratory Animal Center, College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Hand Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China; 3Department of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, People’s Republic of China; 4Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
Strategic Learning: A Route to Competitive Advantage?

Purpose – The strategic learning perspective has attracted increased interest among strategic management scholars, yet the operationalisation of this concept is still in its infancy. The aim of this study is to develop a multidimensional understanding of the strategic learning process and to build an instrument to measure this concept. Design/methodology/approach – The article confirms the validity of the developed measurement instrument with expert evaluations and quantitative data from the analysis of 206 Finnish software companies. Structural equation modelling was the primary statistic technique used. Findings – The results of the validation study suggest that strategic learning is a multidimensional construct that is manifested through the sub-processes of strategic knowledge creation, distribution, interpretation, and implementation. The results demonstrate that the reliability and validity of the developed measurement model is satisfactory, thus enabling its use in further studies. Research limitations/implications – Although the validation study and the use of a panel of expert judges present substantial support for the developed construct, future research is necessary to continue to examine and refine the measure in other industries and cultural contexts. Practical implications – Executives and practitioners can use the developed tool to identify potential areas for improvement and thus bring focus to organisational development efforts to enhance collective strategic learning. Originality/value – This study contributes to strategic management research by developing and validating a measurement method for the concept of strategic learning. To date, the empirical research of strategic learning has been mainly limited to descriptive case studies, and the literature lacks a comprehensive measurement tool.
Modeling an unusual upwelling event observed along the western Adriatic coast in the summer of 2003

The goal of this research was to simulate and analyze the response of the Western Adriatic Current (WAC) to an abnormal event that occurred in the Adriatic Sea in mid-summer of 2003. At this time, a combination of extremely low discharge from the Po River and from other northwestern rivers caused by the prolonged dry season and the dominant Sirocco wind produced an ðunusual’ upwelling and caused the WAC to reverse along the northern and central Italian coasts. The simulations employed a high-resolution, low dissipative version of the DieCAST circulation model that was initialized with monthly averaged temperature and salinity data and spun up with a use of climatological wind data. Numerical experiments were performed with the use of COAMPS wind stress and heat flux data. The model runs performed under Sirocco wind forcing in combination with low river discharge (a quarter of the climatic mean) revealed that such these conditions do trigger upwelling and the reversal of the WAC along the Italian coast. The upwelling relaxation caused by changes in the wind direction was also studied. Qualitative simulation results were in agreement with the observations by Poulain et al. (2004).
The relatives of stannite in the light of new data

Two new minerals of approximately the same composition as that of stannite but differing crystal structures have been discovered. Ferrokesterite occurs in greisen-bordered sulfide veins in granite from the Cligga mine, Perranzabuloe, Cornwall, England, The mineral is tetragopal with space gxoup 14, Z--2; a 5.433 and c 10.884 A; D"ur. 4.4% g c:lr-3. Ferrokcterite has hardness about 4 Mohs), microhardness (VHNl1g,) 238. Cleavage is distinct parallel to {110}, and parting develops parallel to {001}. Results of an electron nticroprobe analysis gave the formula Cu1.e@es.67Zne. 3rs1.6sSne. eSa.02 for the holotype specimen, corresponding to Cu2@e,Zn)SnSa and approaching the end-member Cu2FeSnSa. The strongest reflections in the X-ray powder pattern are: 3.13(10) (ll2), 1.919(6) Q20,024), l.l l0(4) Q44,228). The mineral is a polymorph of stannite and forms a solid solution with kesterite, of which it is tlie iron.analog. Petrukite occurs in polymetallic veins associated with granitic plutons at the Herb claim, Cassiar District, British Columbia; the Ikuno mine, Hyogo Prefecture, Japan and the Mount Pleasant mine, Charlotte County, New Brunswick. The mineral is orthorhombic wit! space group Pmr.t2v Z:2, a7.667\ b 6.4399, c 6.2605 A (Herb); a 7.7050, b6.9462, c 6.2757 A (Ikuno) and a 7.6858, b 6.4395, c 6.294. 7 A (Mount Pleasant). Microhardness (VHNM) is 319. Results of an electron-microprobe analysis gave the average formula (Cu1.65Fe9.952n6.g Ag6.e3)s3.67(Sno.rglao.os)ro.sas3. ee for Herb claim speci mens, corresponding to the general formula (Cu,Fe,Zn,Ag)3(Sn,In)Sa where Cu >Fe > Zn >>Ag and Sn > In. The composition is somewhat variable and can be accountd for by a coupled substitution Cu + Sni In + Zn. Indium substitution appears essential for the stability of the mineral, causing a distortion in a ferrokesterite-like atomic arrangement and resulting in limited disorder between Cu and @e,Zn). The strongest reflections in the X-ray powder pattern are: 3.13(10X002), 1.915(6)(400), 1. I 06(0(3 I s), 1.243(5Xl 5 l) and 2.7 r2(4)(r2l) for the Herb claim specimen. Holotype isostannite, as well as topotype occurrencqs, were investigated and found to be identical to a member of a kesterite-ferrokesterite solid-solution series. Thus, no cubic polymorph of stannite exists, although its as yet unsubstantiated existence is not precluded.
Unified formulation of closed-form estimators for blind source separation in complex instantaneous linear mixtures

The blind separation of unknown independent source signals from sensor observations is addressed in environments of instantaneous linear mixtures. After pre-whitening the sensor data, the source extraction reduces to the identification of certain parameters defining a unitary transformation. This contribution develops the algebraic devices which allow us: 1) to provide a unified formulation of the closed-form estimators of the separation parameters in the complex-mixture scenario — typical of multi-user digital communications —, and 2) to disclose the remarkable parallelism existing between the real and the complex problem in the context of their analytic solutions.
Phosphorus species in sediments and their relationships with soluble phosphorus concentrations in interstitial waters of Fubao Bay in Lake Dianchi

This paper presents investigations on geochemical species of phosphorus in sediments and vertical distributions of PO43--P in interstitial waters of Fubao Bay in Lake Dianchi. The sediments of Fubao Bay had high TP contents, with the maximum value of (5630.59±424.25)mg/kg. I-P(inorganic phosphorus) was the major part of TP, which was about 55%-74%of TP. Fe/Al-P (P bound to Al, Fe and Mn oxides and hydroxides) was the major part of I-P, which was about 90% of I-P. The contents of L-P(labile phosphorus) were very low, which was about 0.5% of TP. The Fe/Al-P contents in sediments were very high, which were highly correlated with high eutrophication phenomenon and algae blooming events in Fubao Bay, implying a strong diffusion trend for sediment phosphorus in Fubao Bay. Vertical distributions of sediment phosphorus species were complicated, exhibiting a little disorder in both increased and decreased trends with the depth. This feature was related to the ecosystem conditions, pollutant discharge and sediment dynamic conditions in Fubao Bay. Peeper technique (in situ dialysis membrane samplers) was used to sample interstitial waters in sediments, and vertical distributions of PO43--P were achieved in the waters. The results showed that concentrations of PO43--P in interstitial waters had general increases followed by decreases with the depth, reflecting a possible diffusion trend for PO43--P from interstitial waters to overlying waters. Regression analyses showed that concentrations of PO43--P in the interstitial waters were positively correlated with L-P contents.
X-ray power law spectra in active galactic nuclei

X-ray spectra of active galactic nuclei (AGN) are usually described as power law spectra, characterized by the spectral slope α or photon index Γ. Here we discuss the X-ray spectral properties within the framework of clumpy accretion flows, and estimate the power law slope as a function of the source parameters. We expect harder spectra in massive objects than in less massive sources, and steeper spectra in higher accretion rate systems. The predicted values of the photon index cover the range of spectral slopes typically observed in Seyfert galaxies and quasars. The overall trends are consistent with observations, and may account for the positive correlation of the photon index with Eddington ratio (and the possible anticorrelation with black hole mass) observed in different AGN samples. Spectral properties are also closely related to variability properties. We obtain that shorter characteristic time scales are associated with steeper spectra. This agrees with the observed “spectral-timing” correlation.
THE DENTITION AND RELATIONSHIPS OF CARPODAPTES CYGNEUS (RUSSELL) (CARPOLESTIDAE, PLESIADAPIFORMES, MAMMALIA), FROM THE LATE PALEOCENE OF ALBERTA, CANADA

Abstract Re-examination of the dentitions of carpolestid plesiadapiform mammals from the late Paleocene Swan Hills locality, northern Alberta, and correlative localities in the vicinity of Roche Percée, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada, indicates that Carpodaptes cygneus (Russell) as known from these sites is polyphyletic: the name C. cygneus is here restricted to the Swan Hills carpolestid, while the Roche Percée form represents a new, more derived species, Carpodaptes stonleyi. Other purported records of C. cygneus are reconsidered as well: C. cygneus from DW-1, central Alberta, is more appropriately dubbed C. cf. cygneus; C. cygneus at Canyon Ski Quarry, central Alberta, is best identified as C. cf. stonleyi, while C. cf. cygneus from Police Point, southeastern Alberta, has closest affinities to C. hazelae Simpson. Carpolestids from the Tongue River Formation, North Dakota, are referred to Carpodaptes cf. hobackensis Dorr and C. cf. hazelae. After a review of the available evidence, the recent hypothesis that C. cygneus and other North American carpolestids are congeneric with Carpocristes oriens Beard and Wang from the Paleocene or Eocene of China, is rejected.
FINITE-ELEMENT ANALYSIS OF JOINTED OR CRACKED CONCRETE PAVEMENTS

A finite-element computer program called ILLI-SLAB and written in FORTRAN IV is described. The procedure is based on the classical theory of a medium-thick plate on a Winkler foundation and can be used for the analysis of concrete pavemants that have joints or cracks or both. The program can include consideration of various types of load-transfer systems such as dowel bars, reinforcement steel, aggregate interlock, or keyways by treating the dowel bars and reinforcement steel as linear-elastic string elements and the aggregate interlock and keyways as linear-elastic spring elements. The model is also capable of handling the effects of stabilized bases or overlays on the stresses and deflections in concrete pavements and of traffic loadings on concrete shoulders that may or may not have tie bars, continuously reinforced concrete pavements, and slabs of varying thicknesses. The accuracy of the model for the prediction of stresses and deflections in concrete pavements has been verified by comparison with available theoretical solutions and the results of experimental studies. /Author/
Numerical experiments on the onset of convective instability in the Earth's mantle

Summary. A simplified model of convection in the mantle is used to investigate the transient effect of cooling a fluid layer from above, The model, representing the mantle overlain by the lithosphere, consists of a two- dimensional fluid layer overlain by a solid conducting lid. The initial temperature of both layers is the same, with the top surface of the lid kept at 0°C throughout. We observe the onset of small-scale flow in the model. In the absence of internal heating the behaviour of the system is controlled by the Rayleigh number, R, and the ratio of the thicknesses of the two layers, a. The onset time of convection as defined by reference to conduction temperature profiles is related simply to a boundary layer critical Rayleigh number. The mean temperature profiles for the convection model are also compared with the observed depth-age relation for oceanic lithosphere and the results are used to estimate the viscosity of the mantle.
A Geophysical Investigation of Solid Waste Landfill Using 2-D Resistivity Imaging and Vertical Electrical Sounding Methods in Port Harcourt Municipality, Rivers State, Nigeria.

A combined 2-D resistivity imaging and vertical electrical sounding were conducted around a solid waste landfill in Port Harcourt municipality for a hydro-geophysical assessment of the contamination of soil and groundwater. The results revealed that the surrounding soil and groundwater in these areas around the landfill have actually been contaminated to depth exceeding 31m, which is well within the groundwater aquifer system in the area. Two distinctive pollutants were identified and mapped around the landfill. These are zones of anomalously high resistivities between 3000 Ωm to 5000 Ωm and depths between 1.25m to 25m, probably of gaseous nature containing methane (CH4), ammonia (NH4), carbon dioxide (CO2), and hydrogen sulphide (H2S) from the biodegration of organic wastes or petroleum wastes and other machinery by products, and leachate plumes of anomalously low resistivities between 6.9 Ωm to 419 Ωm and depths between 3.08m to 31.3m containing organic matter, dangerous pathogens, and dissolved solids. These high resistivity anomalies increase in concentration level towards the much drier top surface, but decreases with depth, while the leachate plumes decrease in concentration level with depth within the groundwater system and also away from the edge of the landfill. This is probably due to the concentration and filtering of these pollutants by the various rock layers in the subsurface with increased distance from the landfill and with depth. The pollutants were found to have migrated 40m away from the edge of the landfill to the eastsoutheast within four (4) years. The migration rate has been estimated to some 10-15m per year. These revelations are alarming considering there implications on the health of the people and the environment if not checked.
Modeling forest dynamics at their limits under current and changed climatic conditions

Dynamic vegetation models are important tools in ecological research, but not all processes of vegetation dynamics are captured adequately. Tree mortality is often modeled as a function of growth efficiency and maximum age. However, empirical studies have shown for different species that slow-growing trees may become older than fast-growing trees, implying a correlation of mortality with growth rate and size rather than age. We used the ecosystem model LPJ-GUESS to compare the standard age-dependent mortality with two size-dependent mortality approaches. We found that all mortality approaches, when calibrated, yield a realistic pattern of growing stock and plant functional type (PFT) distribution at five study sites in Switzerland. However, only the size-dependent approaches match a third pattern, i.e. the observed negative relationship between growth rate and longevity. As a consequence, trees are simulated to get older at higher
Status and Distribution Pattern of Barking Deer ( Muntiacus muntjak Zimmermann) in Hemja VDC, Kaski

Barking deer ( Muntiacus muntjak Zimmermann) is a solitary and forest dwelling ruminant. A study was carried out to know status and distribution of barking deers found in the forested mountains of Hemja VDC, Kaski District. The study was done by direct observation method with indirect counting of fecal pellets while walking systematically in total 11 line transects covering 6.64 km in length and a total of 20 quadrates with 20×20m 2 - 40×40m 2 randomly laid down in three different sites of the study area. A total of 12 individuals (5 adult males, 4 adult females, 2 sub-adult females and 1 infant), 178 pellet groups, 13 latrines and one hunting spot were recorded inside three different blocks of the study area. The results showed clumped and uneven distribution of this deer. It prefers middle range of the mountain (1100-1300m) with dense canopy cover, proper water sources and less human disturbances. Key words: barking deer; distribution pattern DOI: 10.3126/njst.v11i0. 4149 Nepal Journal of Science and Technology 11 (2010) 223-228
Petrology of carbonate rocks of the Green River Formation (Eocene)

ABSTRACT Lacustrine carbonate rocks of the Green River Formation contain a diversity of lithologic components and sedimentary features that are comparable to carbonate formations of marine origin. Fossils (algal plates, ostracodes, molluscs), coated grains (ooliths, pisoliths, circumcrusts), and polygenetic microcrystalline carbonate aggregates (intraclasts, peloids) are the main rock-forming carbonate grains. No genetic difference between ooliths and pisoliths was found. Both grain types display probable algal cell molds and are believed to be algal precipitates. Microcrystalline carbonate is more abundant than sparry carbonate in most rocks, although well-washed, grain-supported sparites are not uncommon. Dolomicrite is ubiquitous in the formation and petrographic evidence indicates that it ormed as a selective replacement product of calcium carbonate mud during early diagenesis prior to lithification. Admixed terrigenous constituents are an important component in most of the carbonate rocks; siltstone and sandstone are transitional with silty and sandy carbonate rocks. The similarity of lacustrine and marine carbonate rocks indicates that the two types can not be differentiated solely on the basis of petrographic relations. Sedimentary structures and stratification types are especially well developed in many of the carbonate rocks and greatly aid in the interpretation of subenvironments of deposition. The use of structures and stratification types in conjunction with lithologic variations and associations permits the recognition of several lacustrine subenvironments: mudflat, beachbar, lagoonal, shoal, transitional and offshore. Algal stromatolite bioherms locally are present in rocks of the shoal facies.