Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Phase I clinical trial of oral rigosertib in patients with myelodysplastic syndromes

The multi‐kinase inhibitor rigosertib (ON 01910.Na) induces mitotic arrest and apoptosis in myeloblasts, while sparing normal cells. The purpose of this study was to determine the pharmacokinetic profile, maximum‐tolerated dose (MTD), safety, and clinical activity of an oral formulation of rigosertib in patients with myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS). For pharmacokinetic studies, patients received rigosertib in single escalating weekly doses. To determine the MTD, patient cohorts received escalating doses of rigosertib twice daily for 14 d of a 21‐d cycle. Overall, 37 patients were treated. Rigosertib exposure increased with escalating oral doses. Mean absolute oral bioavailability ranged from 13·9% (fed) to 34·8% (fasting) in 12 patients treated at the 560 mg b.i. d. dose level. Dose‐limiting toxicity (grade 3 dysuria and shortness of breath) occurred at the 700 mg b.i. d. dose. Five patients experienced grade 3 non‐haematological toxicity, including symptoms of urothelial inflammation, hypotension and syncope, fatigue and abdominal pain. Encouraging signs of clinical activity included two bone marrow complete remissions in refractory anaemia with excess blasts type 1 patients previously treated with azacitidine. In addition, four patients each achieved transfusion independence and haematological improvements. In conclusion, oral rigosertib is bioavailable and well tolerated, and has clinical activity in patients with MDS.
A Survey on the Application of Genetic Programming to Classification

Classification is one of the most researched questions in machine learning and data mining. A wide range of real problems have been stated as classification problems, for example credit scoring, bankruptcy prediction, medical diagnosis, pattern recognition, text categorization, software quality assessment, and many more. The use of evolutionary algorithms for training classifiers has been studied in the past few decades. Genetic programming (GP) is a flexible and powerful evolutionary technique with some features that can be very valuable and suitable for the evolution of classifiers. This paper surveys existing literature about the application of genetic programming to classification, to show the different ways in which this evolutionary algorithm can help in the construction of accurate and reliable classifiers.
Polysemy detection in distributed representation of word sense

In this paper, we propose a statistical test to determine whether a given word is used as a polysemic word or not. The statistic of the word in this test roughly corresponds to the fluctuation in the senses of the neighboring words a nd the word itself. Even though the sense of a word corresponds to a single vector, we discuss how polysemy of the words affects the position of vectors. Finally, we also explain the method to detect this effect.
Microstructural Development of Human Newborn Cerebral White Matter Assessed in Vivo by Diffusion Tensor Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Alterations of the architecture of cerebral white matter in the developing human brain can affect cortical development and result in functional disabilities. A line scan diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) sequence with diffusion tensor analysis was applied to measure the apparent diffusion coefficient, to calculate relative anisotropy, and to delineate three-dimensional fiber architecture in cerebral white matter in preterm (n = 17) and full-term infants (n = 7). To assess effects of prematurity on cerebral white matter development, early gestation preterm infants (n = 10) were studied a second time at term. In the central white matter the mean apparent diffusion coefficient at 28 wk was high, 1.8 µm2/ms, and decreased toward term to 1.2 µm2/ms. In the posterior limb of the internal capsule, the mean apparent diffusion coefficients at both times were similar (1.2 versus 1.1 µm2/ms). Relative anisotropy was higher the closer birth was to term with greater absolute values in the internal capsule than in the central white matter. Preterm infants at term showed higher mean diffusion coefficients in the central white matter (1.4 ± 0.24 versus 1.15 ± 0.09 µm2/ms, p = 0.016) and lower relative anisotropy in both areas compared with full-term infants (white matter, 10.9 ± 0.6 versus 22.9 ± 3.0%, p = 0.001; internal capsule, 24.0 ± 4.44 versus 33.1 ± 0.6% p = 0.006). Nonmyelinated fibers in the corpus callosum were visible by diffusion tensor MRI as early as 28 wk; full-term and preterm infants at term showed marked differences in white matter fiber organization. The data indicate that quantitative assessment of water diffusion by diffusion tensor MRI provides insight into microstructural development in cerebral white matter in living infants.
Diagnostic Criteria of Oral Lesions in HIV Infected Pediatric Patients Candidiasis

Emerging and re-emerging diseases are having a profound worldwide impact on society and on the delivery of medical and oral health care. The acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) pandemic, caused by infection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) dramatically illustrates the awesome transmission capabilities of disease. Spread by blood borne and sexual contact HIV has infected over 36.1 million people in the world and according to joint UNAIDS (United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS) and WHO, 1600 new cases are coming up every day [1]. By the end of 2005, an estimated 40.3 million people were alive with HIV infection in the world, the vast majority of who were resident in low-income countries [2].
Connectivity of cycles constrained Root-LDPC codes for block fading channels

The construction and performance of full diversity Root-LDPC codes for block fading channels are the hot spot at present. There are two important factors, the girth and the cycles connectivity, can affect the frame error rate performance of Root-LDPC codes. The original PEG algorithm is an effective method to provide longer girth of cycles, but ignores the cycles connectivity. The contribution of this paper is to present two algorithms to design Root-LDPC codes for block fading channels. The first algorithm is the modified PEG algorithm (MPEG). We apply the Approximated Cycle Extrinsic Message Degree (ACE) metric, which is used to measure the cycles connectivity, to modify the traditional PEG algorithm to ensure having lower frame error rate. However, MPEG algorithm is one of the greedy algorithms. With the increase of code length, the encoding/decoding complexity of MPEG algorithm will enhance. Meanwhile the QC algorithm has low complexity because of its quasi cyclic feature. Then we combine the modified PEG algorithm with QC algorithm, which guarantees not only the code performance but also the quasi cyclic feature. The novel algorithm achieves a tradeoff between the frame error rate performance and the encoding/decoding complexity, so that it is more suitable for the practical application. Simulation results demonstrate that the algorithms we proposed can achieve full diversity and make the average required number of iterations decrease from medium to high SNR, suitable to different fading blocks.
An Anatomic Study of the Thickness of the Occipital Bone: Implications for Occipitocervical Instrumentation

Study Design The authors measured the thickness and quality of occipital bone regions to determine screw placement during occipitocervical fusion and described the projection of the posterior dural venous sinuses. Objective This study provides anatomic data relevant to areas of screw placement into the occiput during occipitocervical fixation. Summary of Background Data Few reports exist regarding the morphometrics of the occipital bone and intracranial structures relevant to occipitocervical fusion. Method The thickness of the posterior inferior occipital bone was measured relative to a 10 × 5 cm grid. Sections were evaluated grossly and histologically. The projections of the posterior dural venous sinuses were determined by direct measurements. Results The maximum thickness of the occipital bone, which ranged from 11.5 to 15.1 mm in males and from 9.7 to 12.0 mm in females, was at the level of the external occipital protuberance. The occipital bone was thicker than 8 mm in an area extending laterally from the external occipital protuberance for 23 mm and consisted of dense cortical bone with little or no diploic bone. The projection of most of the torcula on the external surface of the occipital bone was located superior to the center of the external occipital protuberance (mean, 12.6 mm superior and 4.7 mm inferior to external occipital protuberance), whereas that of the transverse sinus was distributed more evenly above and below the external occipital protuberance (mean, 7.3 mm superior and 6.5 mm inferior). Conclusions Screws that are 8‐mm long may be inserted in the region of the superior nuchal line (Level 0) extending 2 cm laterally from the center of the external occipital protuberance, 1 cm from the midline at a level 1 cm inferior to the external occipital protuberance (Level 1), and 0.5 cm from the midline at a level 2 cm inferior to the external occipital protuberance (Level 2). The major dural venous sinuses are situated immediately beneath the thickest regions of the occiput and are at risk of penetrative injury during screw placement.
The Role of Silver Staining Nucleolar Organiser Regions ( AgNORs ) in Lesions of the Oral Cavity

Materials and Methods: A retrospective study was conducted on 100 cases from July 2006 – July 2007 on the biopsies which were obtained from the oral mucosa. Two slides were prepared for each case – one was stained with the haematoxylin and eosin stain and the other was subjected to silver staining. The data was analyzed by using the independent T-test and ANOVA for the intergroup comparisons. Results: The results showed that the mean AgNOR count of the carcinomas was significantly higher than that of the normal oral epithelium, the hyperplastic lesions, papillomas and the leukoplakias (p < 0.05). The AgNOR dots tend to be small, homogenously stained and regular in the benign lesions and as the grade of the tumour increased, the AgNOR dots became irregular, large dots or bizarre clusters.
A Tool for Modeling and Simulation of Real-Time Systems Behaviour

In several real-time applications, tasks are not only subjected to complete their deadlines, but more control of the scheduling process is required. In such situations, quality of service is interpreted in many ways (jitters, response times, etc.). In other real-time environments the objective is to optimize a performance measure while respecting release times and deadlines; other environments permit modifications of release times, but not of the deadline times, in a controlled manner. This paper focus on additional issues related on precedence constrains and variable execution times that could be considered during scheduling. In this idea, the paper presents a way of possible integration of such issues into a tool used for modelling and simulation of real-time systems behaviour.
GBSA: a comprehensive software for analysing whole genome bisulfite sequencing data

High-throughput sequencing is increasingly being used in combination with bisulfite (BS) assays to study DNA methylation at nucleotide resolution. Although several programmes provide genome-wide alignment of BS-treated reads, the resulting information is not readily interpretable and often requires further bioinformatic steps for meaningful analysis. Current post-alignment BS-sequencing programmes are generally focused on the gene-specific level, a restrictive feature when analysis in the non-coding regions, such as enhancers and intergenic microRNAs, is required. Here, we present Genome Bisulfite Sequencing Analyser (GBSA—http://ctrad-csi.nus.edu.sg/gbsa), a free open-source software capable of analysing whole-genome bisulfite sequencing data with either a gene-centric or gene-independent focus. Through analysis of the largest published data sets to date, we demonstrate GBSA’s features in providing sequencing quality assessment, methylation scoring, functional data management and visualization of genomic methylation at nucleotide resolution. Additionally, we show that GBSA’s output can be easily integrated with other high-throughput sequencing data, such as RNA-Seq or ChIP-seq, to elucidate the role of methylated intergenic regions in gene regulation. In essence, GBSA allows an investigator to explore not only known loci but also all the genomic regions, for which methylation studies could lead to the discovery of new regulatory mechanisms.
ANZSRS Abstracts

Introduction/Aim: Our study aimed to quantitate trends in Medicare funded respiratory function testing (RFT) in Australian laboratories over recent years, including assessing the impact of Medicare item number changes and the COVID-19 pandemic. Method(s): We interrogated the online Medicare database from July 1994 through to July 2022. All laboratory-based Medicare items related to RFTs were included, both before and after Medicare item changes that occurred in late 2018. Result(s): There was a steady increase in RFTs from ~25,000 tests in 1994 to ~114,000 prior to Medicare changes in 2018, corresponding to per-capita increase from ~140 to 450/100,000 Medicare registrants. A 16% dip in testing post 2018 Medicare item changes was followed by a small increase, then a sharp 46% decrease in testing during the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020. Testing levels increased sharply towards the end of 2020 but have not consistently recovered to levels seen prior to COVID-19. The most recent quarter analysed represents 372 tests / 100,000 Medicare registrants. Conclusion(s): Australian Medicare funded laboratory RFTs increased steadily for 24 years before a small decline in 2018, related to Medicare item number changes, and a sharp decline in 2020 due to COVID-19. There has been a recovery since then, however numbers are more variable since the sharp COVID-19 decline.
Absorbing aerosol‐induced change in the early monsoon Arabian Sea low‐level jet: Modeled transfer from anomalous heating to nondivergent kinetic energy

This study examines the impact of anomalous differential generation of available potential energy by absorbing aerosols on the transition and early active phases of the South Asian summer monsoon. Aerosol direct and indirect radiative forcings can modify tropospheric temperature profiles through direct absorption, scattering, and extended cloud lifetimes. Recent studies have suggested that over monthly and seasonal time scales, these effects can lead to modified flow and rainfall regimes in the South Asian monsoon region. Of special interest is the covariance of heating and temperature prior to active monsoon onset. It can be shown that anomalous generation of available potential energy due to absorption of shortwave radiation by aerosols can impact the cascade of energy from the local Hadley circulation to the monsoon nondivergent flow. In order to quantify the potential impact of aerosol radiative forcing and the resulting changes in monsoon onset timing and intensity, an ensemble of Weather Research and Forecasting with Chemistry regional weather and chemistry model forecasts are created for the South Asian summer monsoon region during May, June, and July. The forecasts including shortwave absorption by aerosol are compared to control forecasts in which aerosols only scatter shortwave radiation. The evolution of irrotational and nondivergent kinetic energy, generation of available potential energy and rainfall are presented. It is found that the ensemble with aerosol shortwave absorption contains on average a more intense dynamical onset over South India which is statistically significant compared to the ensemble variability. The more intense monsoon onset is related to a more intense Arabian Sea low‐level jet. In the ensemble with shortwave absorption by aerosol, the early season monsoon rainfall is diminished over South India and enhanced over the Northeastern Indian states.
Dissociation of retinal and headcentric disparity signals in dorsal human cortex

Recent fMRI studies have shown fusion of visual motion and disparity signals for shape perception (Ban et al., 2012), and unmasking camouflaged surfaces (Rokers et al., 2009), but no such interaction is known for typical dorsal motion pathway tasks, like grasping and navigation. Here, we investigate human speed perception of forward motion and its representation in the human motion network. We observe strong interaction in medial (V3ab, V6) and lateral motion areas (MT+), which differ significantly. Whereas the retinal disparity dominates the binocular contribution to the BOLD activity in the anterior part of area MT+, headcentric disparity modulation of the BOLD response dominates in area V3ab and V6. This suggests that medial motion areas not only represent rotational speed of the head (Arnoldussen et al., 2011), but also translational speed of the head relative to the scene. Interestingly, a strong response to vergence eye movements was found in area V1, which showed a dependency on visual direction, just like vertical-size disparity. This is the first report of a vertical-size disparity correlate in human striate cortex.
Systematic Review and Critical Appraisal of Prediction Models for Readmission in Coronary Artery Disease Patients: Assessing Current Efficacy and Future Directions

Purpose Coronary artery disease (CAD) patients frequently face readmissions due to suboptimal disease management. Prediction models are pivotal for detecting early unplanned readmissions. This review offers a unified assessment, aiming to lay the groundwork for enhancing prediction models and informing prevention strategies. Methods A search through five databases (PubMed, Web of Science, EBSCOhost, Embase, China National Knowledge Infrastructure) up to September 2023 identified studies on prediction models for coronary artery disease patient readmissions for this review. Two independent reviewers used the CHARMS checklist for data extraction and the PROBAST tool for bias assessment. Results From 12,457 records, 15 studies were selected, contributing 30 models targeting various CAD patient groups (AMI, CABG, ACS) from primarily China, the USA, and Canada. Models utilized varied methods such as logistic regression and machine learning, with performance predominantly measured by the c-index. Key predictors included age, gender, and hospital stay duration. Readmission rates in the studies varied from 4.8% to 45.1%. Despite high bias risk across models, several showed notable accuracy and calibration. Conclusion The study highlights the need for thorough external validation and the use of the PROBAST tool to reduce bias in models predicting readmission for CAD patients.
Author ' s personal copy Dynamical prediction and pattern mapping in short-term load forecasting

This work will not put forward yet another scheme for short-term load forecasting but rather will provide evidences that may improve our understanding about fundamental issues which underly load forecasting problems. In particular, load forecasting will be decomposed into two main problems, namely dynamical prediction and pattern mapping. It is argued that whereas the latter is essentially static and becomes nonlinear when weekly features in the data are taken into account, the former might not be deterministic at all. In such cases there is no determinism (serial correlations) in the data apart from the average cycle and the best a model can do is to perform pattern mapping. Moreover, when there is determinism in addition to the average cycle, the underlying dynamics are sometimes linear, in which case there is no need to resort to nonlinear models to perform dynamical prediction. Such conclusions were confirmed using real load data and surrogate data analysis. In a sense, the paper details and organizes some general beliefs found in the literature on load forecasting. This sheds some light on real model-building and forecasting problems and helps understand some apparently conflicting results reported in the literature. 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Scholarlycommons Master of Applied Positive Psychology (mapp) Capstone Projects Master of Applied Positive Psychology (mapp) Capstones No Pain More Gain No Pain More Gain No Pain, More Gain: the Positive Sum Dynamic of Character Development

A study of 6156 respondents to an online survey measuring their character strengths and virtues twice over a period of time suggests that an increase in virtue may be linked not only to eudemonic happiness, but to the hedonic as well. Happy people see more growth in character strengths than their less happy counterparts. This relationship is particularly strong for the virtues robustly associated with life satisfaction (gratitude, zest, love, curiosity, optimism/hope) and wisdom. Conversely those who are depressed and experience more negative affect see a greater decline in character strengths. The findings support the Broaden and Build theory (Fredrickson, 2001), in that the character strengths that broadened mindsets and behavioral repertoires are more affected by the subjective well-being. This may suggest an alternative approach to character development. Encouraging happiness and positive affect at the beginning of the process, may " prime " the individual for the change they wish to make happen. Abstract A study of 6156 respondents to an online survey measuring their character strengths and virtues
Induction of mortality and malformation in Xenopus laevis embryos by water sources associated with field frog deformities.

Water samples from several ponds in Minnesota were evaluated for their capacity to induce malformations in embryos of Xenopus laevis. The FETAX assay was used to assess the occurrence of malformations following a 96-hr period of exposure to water samples. These studies were conducted following reports of high incidences of malformation in natural populations of frogs in Minnesota wetlands. The purpose of these studies was to determine if a biologically active agent(s) was present in the waters and could be detected using the FETAX assay. Water samples from ponds with high incidences of frog malformations (affected sites), along with water samples from ponds with unaffected frog populations (reference sites), were studied. Initial experiments clearly showed that water from affected sites induced mortality and malformation in Xenopus embryos, while water from reference sites had little or no effect. Induction of malformation was dose dependent and highly reproducible, both with stored samples and with samples taken at different times throughout the summer. The biological activity of the samples was reduced or eliminated when samples were passed through activated carbon. Limited evidence from these samples indicates that the causal factor(s) is not an infectious organism nor are ion concentrations or metals responsible for the effects observed. Results do indicate that the water matrix has a significant effect on the severity of toxicity. Based on the FETAX results and the occurrence of frog malformations observed in the field, these studies suggest that water in the affected sites contains one or more unknown agents that induce developmental abnormalities in Xenopus. These same factors may contribute to the increased incidence of malformation in native species. ImagesFigure 1Figure 2Figure 3Figure 4Figure 5Figure 6Figure 7Figure 8
Numerical modelling of Ocular Biomechanical Behaviour Based on Fibril Density and Orientation Data for the Whole Eye Globe

A. Elsheikh , D. Zhou, A. Eliasy and C. Boote School of Engineering, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GH, UK, elsheikh@liverpool.ac.uk NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Ophthalmology, Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust and UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, UK, elsheikh@liverpool.ac.uk School of Engineering, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GH, UK, sgdzhou3@student.liverpool.ac.uk School of Engineering, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GH, UK, eliasy.ashkan@gmail.com Structural Biophysics Group, School of Optometry and Vision Sciences, Cardiff University, BooteC@cardiff.ac.uk