Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Cloud and Precipitation Particle Identification Using Cloud Radar and Lidar Measurements: Retrieval Technique and Validation

This paper describes a technique for identifying hydrometeor particle types using airborne HIAPER Cloud Radar (HCR) and High Spectral Resolution Lidar (HSRL) observations. HCR operates at a frequency of 94 GHz (3 mm wavelength), while HSRL is an eye‐safe lidar system operating at a wavelength of 532 nm. Both instruments are deployed on the NSF‐NCAR HIAPER aircraft. HCR is designed to fly in an underwing pod and HSRL is situated in the cabin. The HCR and HSRL data used in this study were collected during the Southern Ocean Clouds, Radiation, Aerosol Transport Experimental Study (SOCRATES). Comprehensive observations of the vertical distributions of liquid and mixed‐phase clouds were obtained using in situ probes on the aircraft and remote sensing instruments. Hydrometeor particle types were retrieved from HCR, HSRL, and temperature fields with a newly developed fuzzy logic particle identification (PID) algorithm. The PID results were validated with in situ measurements collected onboard the HIAPER aircraft by a 2D‐Stereo (2D‐S) cloud probe. Particle phases derived from the PID results compare well with those obtained from the 2D‐S observations and agree in over 70% of cases. Size distributions are also consistent between the two methods of observation. Knowledge of the particle type distribution gained from the PID results can be used to constrain microphysical parameterizations and improve the representation of cloud radiative effects in weather and climate models.
The disk of FU Orionis viewed with MATISSE/VLTI. First interferometric observations in L and M bands

The disk of FU Orionis is marginally resolved with MATISSE, suggesting that the region emitting in the thermal infrared is rather compact. An upper limit of $\sim1.3\pm0.1$ mas (in $L$) can be given for the diameter of the disk region probed in the $L$ band, corresponding to 0.5 au at the adopted Gaia EDR3 distance. This represents the hot, gaseous region of the accretion disk. The $N$-band data indicate that the dusty passive disk is silicate-rich. Only the innermost region of said dusty disk is found to emit strongly in the $N$ band, and it is resolved at an angular size of $\sim5$ mas, which translates to a diameter of about 2 au. The observations therefore place stringent constraints for the outer radius of the inner accretion disk. Dust radiative transfer simulations with RADMC-3D provide adequate fits to the spectral energy distribution from the optical to the submillimeter and to the interferometric observables when opting for an accretion rate $\dot{M}\sim 2\times 10^{-5}\, M_\odot$ yr$^{-1}$ and assuming $M_*=0.6\, M_\odot$. Most importantly, the hot inner accretion disk's outer radius can be fixed at 0.3 au. The outer radius of the dusty disk is placed at 100 au, based on constraints from scattered-light images in the literature. The dust mass contained in the disk is $2.4\times10^{-4}\, M_\odot$, and for a typical gas-to-dust ratio of 100, the total mass in the disk is approximately 0.02 $M_\odot$. We did not find any evidence for a nearby companion in the current interferometric data, and we tentatively explored the case of disk misalignment. For the latter, our modeling results suggest that the disk orientation is similar to that found in previous imaging studies by ALMA. Should there be an asymmetry in the very compact, inner accretion disk, this might be resolved at even smaller spatial scales ($\leq1$ mas).
Same soil, different climate: Crop model intercomparison on translocated lysimeters

Crop model intercomparison studies have mostly focused on the assessment of predictive capabilities for crop development using weather and basic soil data from the same location. Still challenging is the model performance when considering complex interrelations between soil and crop dynamics under a changing climate. The objective of this study was to test the agronomic crop and environmental flux‐related performance of a set of crop models. The aim was to predict weighing lysimeter‐based crop (i.e., agronomic) and water‐related flux or state data (i.e., environmental) obtained for the same soil monoliths that were taken from their original environment and translocated to regions with different climatic conditions, after model calibration at the original site. Eleven models were deployed in the study. The lysimeter data (2014–2018) were from the Dedelow (Dd), Bad Lauchstädt (BL), and Selhausen (Se) sites of the TERENO (TERrestrial ENvironmental Observatories) SOILCan network. Soil monoliths from Dd were transferred to the drier and warmer BL site and the wetter and warmer Se site, which allowed a comparison of similar soil and crop under varying climatic conditions. The model parameters were calibrated using an identical set of crop‐ and soil‐related data from Dd. Environmental fluxes and crop growth of Dd soil were predicted for conditions at BL and Se sites using the calibrated models. The comparison of predicted and measured data of Dd lysimeters at BL and Se revealed differences among models. At site BL, the crop models predicted agronomic and environmental components similarly well. Model performance values indicate that the environmental components at site Se were better predicted than agronomic ones. The multi‐model mean was for most observations the better predictor compared with those of individual models. For Se site conditions, crop models failed to predict site‐specific crop development indicating that climatic conditions (i.e., heat stress) were outside the range of variation in the data sets considered for model calibration. For improving predictive ability of crop models (i.e., productivity and fluxes), more attention should be paid to soil‐related data (i.e., water fluxes and system states) when simulating soil–crop–climate interrelations in changing climatic conditions.
Distributed Force Measurement and Mapping Using Pressure-sensitive Film and Image Processing for Active and Passive Aligners on Orthodontic Attachments

Orthodontic clear aligners, along with their attachments, are used for the corrective alignment of teeth during orthodontic treatment. Although the clear aligner technique has gained widespread popularity due to its aesthetic quality, studies that examine and map the measurement of forces applied to clear aligner attachments are lacking. This investigation describes the topographical visualisation of the force in clear aligner attachments. We describe a method using Prescale® pressure film and an image processing technique to obtain the topographical visualisation of a clear aligner’s distributed force on the attachment in an in-vitro study using resin models. The variation of colour density due to the distributed force is calibrated with a force gauge for validation. The image processing technique is demonstrated through the histogram-based K-means clustering method with 3D visualisation of the distributed force. This method involves pressure film calibration, followed by sample preparation and image processing analysis. The proposed topographical pressure mapping system illustrates the distributed force on the clear aligner attachment as the force applied is directly proportional to intensity. For active aligners, the mean force ranged from 6.2–6.3 N, and for passive aligners, the mean force ranged from 4.8–4.9 N. Therefore, the net force exerted on a single clear aligner attachment in a resin model for this study was 1.3–1.4 N. The preliminary findings of this work can be developed further to be a reference in future clinical orthodontic clear aligner and attachment research.
Optimization scheduling in health care facilities:case studies of Rijndam Centrum & Erasmus Medical Center

Disclaimer This document contains a student thesis (bachelor's or master's), as authored by a student at Eindhoven University of Technology. Student theses are made available in the TU/e repository upon obtaining the required degree. The grade received is not published on the document as presented in the repository. The required complexity or quality of research of student theses may vary by program, and the required minimum study period may vary in duration.
Building Religious Moderation Amid the Buzzer Raid

In this digital era, cases of SARA (ethnic, race, and religions) are increasing, this is one of the negative impacts of digital disruption. Specifically, the presence of the internet caused SARA become easier to find, social media platforms and online news portals have become tools for the spread of hoax and hate speech, behind it all there are people who are referred as buzzers. This study aims to show how the role of the buzzer in disseminating information and inhibiting the spread of religious moderation among the Islamic community. This study uses a descriptive qualitative approach. The research data was collected purposively and preferably sourced from literature studies and documents that examine the buzzer phenomenon in Indonesia. The results of the research show that in this digital era, buzzers are troubling and threatening the nation. Buzzers have a strong position because of the influence and large following they have. Public awareness is important because from there we can unite to fight buzzer attacks. But the buzzer is not completely negative, the buzzer can also be used to spread positive da'wah messages.
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES COGNITIVE BEHAVIOR THERAPY REDUCES CRIME AND VIOLENCE OVER 10 YEARS : EXPERIMENTAL EVIDENCE

Several small, short-term, or non-experimental studies show that cognitive behavioral informed trainings reduce antisocial behaviors for 1–2 years. But there is no large-scale, long-term research on persistence. We follow 999 high-risk men in Liberia 10 years after randomization into: 8 weeks of low-cost therapy,$200 cash, both, or a control group. A decade later, men receiving therapy or therapy with cash were about half as likely as the control group to engage in various antisocial behaviors, including robbery, drug selling, and street fights—far exceeding expert predictions. Impacts are concentrated in the highest-risk men, and most robust from therapy with cash. Christopher Blattman Harris School of Public Policy The University of Chicago 1307 E 60th St Chicago, IL 60637 and NBER blattman@uchicago.edu Sebastian Chaskel Instiglio New York, NY sebastian.chaskel@gmail.com Julian C. Jamison Department of Economics University of Exeter Business School Exeter EX4 4PU UK j.jamison@exeter.ac. uk Margaret Sheridan University of North Carolina Department of Psychology and Neuroscience 235 E. Cameron Avenue Chapel Hill, NC sheridan.margaret@unc.edu
A 3D Wideband Channel Model for RIS-Assisted MIMO Communications

Recently, reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) has drawn much attention due to its capability of improving coverage and communication performance. The development of RIS-assisted communication technology relies on deep understanding of RIS channel characteristics. However, most of the existing investigations focus on the impact of RIS, ignoring the existence of local scatterers in the real propagation environment. The ideal propagation condition limits the accuracy and application of the developed channel model. In this paper, we aim to analyze the channel characteristics of RIS-assisted near-filed communication by considering different conditions of local scatterers. Specifically, we propose a three-dimensional (3D) RIS-assisted multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) channel model based on a three-dimensional cylinder model, which considers line-of-sight, single-bounced at RIS (SBR) and double-bounced (DB) modes where radio waves reflect from RIS and scatterers near receiver. Based on the proposed channel model, we investigate some key statistical properties for SBR and DB propagation, including the time-frequency-space correlation function and Doppler power spectrum. From the simulation results, it is found that RIS element number, RIS horizontal and vertical locations, distribution of surrounding scatterers, and movement of Rx have significant impacts on channel characteristics. Finally, channel capacities of SBR and DB modes are calculated, where the large size and appropriate locations of RIS significantly improve the channel capacity of RIS-assisted communication. These numerical results and observations can be used for design of RIS-assisted near-field communication systems.
StressBench: A Configurable Full System Network and I/O Benchmark Framework

We present StressBench, a network benchmarking framework written for testing MPI operations and file I/O concurrently. It is designed specifically to execute MPI communication and file access patterns that are representative of real-world scientific applications. Existing tools consider either the worst case congestion with small abstract patterns or peak performance with simplistic patterns. StressBench allows for a richer study of congestion by allowing orchestration of network load scenarios that are representative of those typically seen at HPC centres, something that is difficult to achieve with existing tools. We demonstrate the versatility of the framework from micro benchmarks through to finely controlled congested runs across a cluster. Validation of the results using four proxy application communication schemes within StressBench against parent applications shows a maximum difference of 15%. Using the I/O modeling capabilities of StressBench, we are able to quantify the impact of file I/O on application traffic showing how it can be used in procurement and performance studies.
Age of Information in SIC-based Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access

This paper uses the Age of Information (AoI) to investigate the information freshness of non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) with successive interference cancellation (SIC). We consider two sensors sending update packets to a common access point. The SIC decoder exploits the different powers of the signal received from the sensors to separate their signals, e.g., the signal from the strong sensor is decoded first, followed by the weak sensor. A key issue in analyzing the AoI of SIC-based NOMA is that the weak sensor needs to wait for the successful decoding of the strong sensor before decoding its own packet. In particular, the information rates of the two sensors in SIC-based NOMA may differ due to the different received signal powers, resulting in different packet durations. Therefore, one sensor may send more packets than the other sensor during the same period, and the SIC operation complicates the AoI analysis further. To this end, this paper puts forth algorithms based on different information rates of sensors to compute the average AoI of SIC-based NOMA. Numerical results show that when the received signal powers are significantly different, SIC-based NOMA outperforms orthogonal multiple access (OMA) schemes, such as time division multiple access (TDMA) and frequency division multiple access (FDMA), in terms of average AoI.
Effects of Ethanolic Extract of Schisandra sphenanthera on the Pharmacokinetics of Rosuvastatin in Rats

Purpose Wuzhi capsule (WZ) is a proprietary Chinese medicine prepared from the ethanolic extract of Schisandra sphenanthera that is commonly used to treat liver injury. Statins are widely used in patients with hyperlipidemia, coronary heart disease, metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Co-administration of statins with WZ is possible in clinical practice. WZ has obvious inhibitory effects on the bioavailability of atorvastatin and simvastatin; however, the drug–herb interactions between WZ and rosuvastatin have not been addressed. We explored the effects of WZ on the pharmacokinetics of rosuvastatin in Sprague-Dawley rats to promote a rational use of statins. Methods Eighteen male rats were randomly and evenly divided into three groups: control group (gavage feeding of rosuvastatin 10 mg·kg−1), single dose group (gavage feeding of a single dose of WZ 150 mg·kg−1 followed by rosuvastatin 10 mg·kg−1) and multiple doses group (gavage feeding of WZ 150 mg·kg−1 for 7 days followed by rosuvastatin 10 mg·kg−1 on the seventh day). Plasma samples were collected at different times before and after rosuvastatin administration. The other 18 female rats were tested the same way as the male rats. All samples were analyzed by a validated LC-MS/MS method, and the pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated using a non-compartmental model. Results In both male and female rats, there were no statistically significant differences in rosuvastatin pharmacokinetic parameters between the control group, the single dose group, and the multi-dose group. Conclusion Acute or long-term intake of WZ had no obvious effect on the pharmacokinetics of rosuvastatin, and therefore rosuvastatin could be used as an alternative to atorvastatin and simvastatin when WZ is clinically required in conjunction with statins. An appropriate pharmacodynamic study is needed to encourage the safe use of this combination.
Status of Value Management Implementation in Small and Medium Construction Projects in Malaysia

Value management (VM) should be implemented in construction projects to achieve the best value-for-money for clients, irrespective of project size. However, its regular implementation in Malaysia appears mostly in large projects driven by legislation. Negligence was therefore aroused towards implementing VM for smaller projects and the specific status remains ambiguous to date. This paper aims to investigate the current status of VM implementation in small and medium construction projects in Malaysia with a view to exploring the challenges and measures in improving the status. A total of 162 construction organizations directly involved in small and medium projects were surveyed using a structured questionnaire. The findings revealed that the execution of VM by organizations for smaller construction projects is relatively low and significantly subject to project size regardless of project type. Practitioners’ levels of frequency and awareness towards implementing VM in small and medium construction projects remain low and unsatisfactory. Also, VM implementation in smaller projects was found significantly correlated with the experience of organizations and practitioners. Challenges and measures in ameliorating the observed status were explored. The findings contribute to a clear understanding of VM in small and medium construction projects in Malaysia and call for more attention from both academia and industry on VM for smaller sizes of projects.
Millimeter-wave Rat-race Balun in a CMOS 65nm Technology with Slow-wave Transmission Lines and Innovative Topology

An integrated rat-race coupler for balun applications based on high quality factor Slow-wave CoPlanar Waveguides transmission lines (S-CPW Tlines) at millimeter wave frequen- cies was realized in the 65-nm CMOS technology from STMicroelectronics. Optimized criteria for a CPW phase-inverter and Tlines' characteristic impedance enable to minimize insertion loss and surface on the die. The various building blocs were designed thanks to 3D full wave EM software coupled to a circuit simulator. Thanks to the S-CPW Tlines, the device occupies a small area of 0.085mm 2 . From 51GHz till a minimum of 67GHz, i.e., a 16GHz bandwidth, the measurements show the return loss is lower than i15dB. The magnitude imbalance of the measured couplings are included between to i4:2 and i4:1dB and i6:5 and i6dB, respectively, and are really ∞at over a wide bandwidth. Finally, in the bandwidth the phase shift between the output ports is kept very ∞at, equal to 175:9 - § 0:4 - , while the isolation is better than i26dB. The rings are smaller than 290"m on a side. It shows the potential of this approach for further increasing working frequencies.
Application of adaptive thermal comfort methods for Iranian schoolchildren

ABSTRACT Recent studies in primary schools highlight a need to develop the adaptive comfort model for schoolchildren in classrooms. This study investigates the application of the principal methods underlying the adaptive comfort theory for children relating thermal comfort indoors to the prevailing mean outdoor temperature. Children’s sensitivity to indoor temperature change are examined using data from a field study conducted in Iranian schools. This sensitivity is used to estimate the comfort temperatures in classroom situations with a minimum level of adaptation. Different metrics for the outdoor climate are employed to understand an expression of the climate which best predicts children’s comfort temperature. A sensitivity analysis is performed to derive the relation between indoor comfort and the climate that gives rise to the strongest correlation coefficient. Although the basic adaptive comfort relationships are applicable for children, the exponential method to calculate the prevailing mean with lower decay values leads to higher correlation with children’s comfort temperature. The slope of children’s comfort equation in relation to outdoor temperature is shown to be shallower than those of adults. Results indicate that children are more sensitive to temperature change within a single school day than across the overall survey period of several days.
Systematization of Relevant Road Users for the Evaluation of Autonomous Vehicle Perception

Specifying the perceptual accuracy autonomous vehicles require when interacting with surrounding traffic participants is not a trivial task. While computer vision capabilities have drastically improved over the last years (mainly driven by the success of machine learning techniques), specification of corresponding validation goals is lagging behind. A particular challenge is to take criticality of errors into consideration when evaluating perception components. In the context of autonomous vehicles in urban areas, criticality is linked to the varying relevance of environmental elements. Non-detection of leading vehicles or close lane markings is more critical than missing a parked vehicle which has already been passed. In this paper, we propose an approach for the systematic definition of relevant areas in urban traffic situations. Corresponding objects inside these relevant areas can be considered relevant to enable a more precise perception evaluation. To that end, we introduce a set of basic areas and explain when these become relevant and how these are constructed. Moreover, we show a first implementation of our proposed basic areas and evaluate them based on traffic situations. Additionally, we demonstrate applicability of our method by incorporating it into an exemplary perception evaluation. We hope that our approach can serve as a stepping stone to more precise specifications of perception requirements and task-oriented perception evaluation.
Summary of DNS over HTTPS Abuse

The Internet Engineering Task Force adopted the DNS over HTTPS protocol in 2018 to remediate privacy issues regarding the plain text transmission of the DNS protocol. According to our observations and the analysis described in this paper, protecting DNS queries using HTTPS entails security threats. This paper surveys DoH related research works and analyzes malicious and unwanted activities that leverage DNS over HTTPS and can be currently observed in the wild. Additionally, we describe three real-world abuse scenarios observed in the web environment that reveal how service providers intentionally use DNS over HTTPS to violate policies. Last but not least, we identified several research challenges that we consider important for future security research.