Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Antimicrobial susceptibility, plasmid replicon typing, phylogenetic grouping, and virulence potential of avian pathogenic and faecal Escherichia coli isolated from meat chickens in Australia

ABSTRACT Globally, avian colibacillosis is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in poultry, associated with economic losses and welfare problems. Here, clinical avian pathogenic E. coli isolates (CEC; n = 50) and faecal E. coli isolates from healthy (FEC; n = 187) Australian meat chickens collected between 2006 and 2014 were subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility testing, phylogenetic grouping, plasmid replicon (PR) typing, multilocus sequence typing, and virulence gene (VG) profiling. Extended-spectrum cephalosporin (ESC)- and fluoroquinolone (FQ)-resistant E. coli isolates underwent further genetic characterization. Significant proportions of CEC and FEC were, respectively, susceptible (13/50; 48/187) or MDR (9/50; 26/187) to 20 tested antimicrobials. Phylogenetic groups A and C, and PR types IncFIB and IncFrep were most represented. Five tested CEC-associated VGs were more prevalent in CEC (≥ 90%) than FEC (≤ 58%). Some isolates (CEC n = 3; FEC n = 7) were resistant to ESCs and/or FQs and possessed signature mutations in chromosomal FQ target genes and plasmid-mediated qnrS, bla CMY-2, and bla DHA-1 genes. Sequence type 354 (n = 4), associated with extraintestinal infections in a broad range of hosts, was prevalent among ESC- and/or FQ-resistant FEC. This study confirmed existence of a small reservoir of ESC- and FQ-resistant E. coli in Australian commercial meat chickens despite absence of use in the industry of these drugs. Otherwise, diversity of VGs and PR types in both FEC and CEC populations was identified. We hypothesize that the source of ESC- and FQ-resistant E. coli is external to poultry production facilities. RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS Low-level resistance to older and newer generation antimicrobial drugs detected. The most common sequence type (ST) associated with FQ resistance was ST354 (4/10). A small proportion of CEC (n = 3) and FEC (n = 7) were resistant to ESCs and/or FQs.
Cardiopulmonary exercise testing to observe subclinical abnormalities in cardiopulmonary function in patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis

Decreased cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) related to cardiopulmonary function increases the risk of cardiovascular disease in patients with end‐stage kidney disease. Thus, early detection of the cause of impaired cardiopulmonary function in patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis (PD) is of important clinical significance.
Changes in Alcohol Consumption, Eating Behaviors, and Body Weight during Quarantine Measures: Analysis of the CoCo-Fakt Study

Introduction: Public health measures enacted to reduce COVID-19 transmission have affected individuals’ lifestyles, mental health, and psychological well-being. To date, little is known how stay-at-home orders have influenced the eating behaviors, weight development, and alcohol consumption of quarantined persons. The CoCo-Fakt cohort study analyzed these parameters and their association with psychological distress and coping strategies. Methods: An online survey was conducted of all persons who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 (infected persons [IP]) between December 12, 2020, and January 6, 2021, as well as their close contacts (contact persons [CP]) registered by the public health department of Cologne. 8,075 of 33,699 individuals were included in the analysis. In addition to demographic data, psychological distress, and coping strategies, information on changes in body weight, eating, and drinking behaviors was collected. Results: IP lost 1.2 ± 4.4 kg during the quarantine period, and CP gained 1.6 ± 4.1 kg. The reasons given by IP for weight change were mainly loss of taste and feeling sick, whereas CP were more likely than IP to eat out of boredom. Higher psychological burden and lower coping strategies were associated with both weight gain and loss. Of the 30.8% of participants who changed their alcohol consumption during the quarantine period, CP in particular drank more alcohol (IP 15.2%; CP 47.7%). Significantly less alcohol was consumed by individuals with higher coping scores. Conclusion: In this short but psychologically stressful period of stay-at-home orders, changes in eating and drinking behavior as well as weight development are evident, mainly in high-risk contacts. To avoid possible long-term sequelae, health authorities should take these findings into account during the quarantine period; in particular, general practitioners should consider these findings during follow-up.
Gradual increase in red cell distribution width is similarly prognostic for in‐hospital mortality in both anemic and non‐anemic COVID‐19 patients

We comment on the recently published paper reporting RDW prognostic properties to be restricted to non-anemic COVID-19 patients only (Rapp JL, Tremblay D, Alpert N, et al. Red cell distribution width is associated with mortality in non-anemic patients with COVID-19. J Med Virol. 2021;93(7):4130-4132. ). Based on a large cohort of COVID-19 patients (5872) from our tertiary level institution (University hospital Dubrava) we show that negative prognosis of increasing RDW is present in both patients with and without anemia and is similar for each RDW percentage point. Also, association of increasing RDW with inferior survival is preserved in both patient subgroups with and without anemia after adjustments for clinically important parameters. We comment on possible differences and meaning of these findings. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Deep Joint Distribution Alignment: A Novel Enhanced-Domain Adaptation Mechanism for Fault Transfer Diagnosis

Various domain adaptation (DA) methods have been proposed to address distribution discrepancy and knowledge transfer between the source and target domains. However, many DA models focus on matching the marginal distributions of two domains and cannot satisfy fault-diagnosed-task requirements. To enhance the ability of DA, a new DA mechanism, called deep joint distribution alignment (DJDA), is proposed to simultaneously reduce the discrepancy in marginal and conditional distributions between two domains. A new statistical metric that can align the means and covariances of two domains is designed to match the marginal distributions of the source and target domains. To align the class conditional distributions, a Gaussian mixture model is used to obtain the distribution of each category in the target domain. Then, the conditional distributions of the source domain are computed via maximum-likelihood estimation, and information entropy and Wasserstein distance are employed to reduce class conditional distribution discrepancy between the two domains. With joint distribution alignment, DJDA can achieve domain confusion to the highest degree. DJDA is applied to the fault transfer diagnosis of a wind turbine gearbox and cross-bearing with unlabeled target-domain samples. Experimental results verify that DJDA outperforms other typical DA models.
Exercise Training Lowers Arterial Blood Pressure Independently of Pannexin 1 in Men with Essential Hypertension

ABSTRACT Introduction Regular exercise training reduces arterial blood pressure, but the underlying mechanisms are unclear. Here, we evaluated the potential involvement of pannexin 1, an ATP releasing channel, in the blood pressure–reducing effect of training. Methods Middle-age men, 13 normotensive and 14 nonmedicated stage 1 hypertensive, completed 8 wk of intensive aerobic cycle training. Before and after training, blood pressure and changes in leg vascular conductance, induced by femoral arterial infusion of tyramine (induces endogenous noradrenaline release), acetylcholine, or sodium nitroprusside, were measured during control conditions and after acute pannexin 1 inhibition by probenecid. A skeletal muscle biopsy was obtained from the thigh, pre- and posttraining. Results Exercise training reduced mean systolic and diastolic blood pressure by ~5 (P = 0.013) and 5 mm Hg (P < 0.001), respectively, in the hypertensive group only. The reduction in blood pressure was not related to changes in pannexin 1 function because mean arterial blood pressure and tyramine-induced vasoconstriction remain unaltered by pannexin 1 inhibition after training in both groups. After training, pannexin 1 inhibition enhanced leg vascular conductance in the normo- and hypertensive groups at baseline (41.5%, P = 0.0036, and 37.7%, P = 0.024, respectively) and in response to sodium nitroprusside infusion (275%, P = 0.038, and 188%, P = 0.038, respectively). Training did not alter the pannexin 1 protein expression in skeletal muscle. Training enhanced the vasodilator response to acetylcholine infusion and increased the expression of microvascular function-relevant proteins. Conclusions The exercise training-induced lowering of arterial blood pressure in nonmedicated hypertensive men does not involve an altered function of pannexin 1.
EFEKTIVITAS TINGKAT KEMATANGAN BBS (BEHAVIOR BASEDSAFETY) TERHADAP ANGKA KECELAKAAN AKIBAT PERILAKUTIDAK AMAN(Studi di PT Pertamina (Persero) Refinery Unit VI Balongan, Jawa Barat)

Angka kecelakaan kerja cenderung meningkat berdasarkan data dari ILO (International Labour Organization) dan Kementerian Kesehatan. Penyebab utama dari kecelakaan tersebut adalah perilaku tidak aman. PT Pertamina (Persero) Refinery Unit VI Balongan sebagai industri minyak dan gas melaksanakan program Pengamatan Keselamatan Kerja (PEKA) sebagai program yang mengusung konsep BBS untuk menurunkan angka kecelakaan, namun data angka kecelakaan menunjukkan bahwa angka kecelakaan tidak mengalami penurunan setelah pelaksanaan PEKA. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menganalisis efektivitas tingkat kematangan Behavior Based Safety (BBS) dalam program Pengamatan Keselamatan Kerja (PEKA) terhadap angka kecelakaan akibat perilaku tidak aman (unsafe action) di PT Pertamina (Persero) Refinery Unit VI Balongan, Jawa Barat. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian observasional dengan menggunakan pendekatan cross sectional. Wawancara dilakukan kepada 2 kelompok responden, yaitu safety officer dan tenaga kerja. Penelitian ini menggunakan 2 teknik sampling, yaitu total sampling untuk safety officer dan accidental sampling untuk tenaga kerja bagian produksi. Wawancara dan pengambilan data sekunder dilakukan untuk mendapatkan informasi mengenai variabel-variabel yang diteliti. Data yang tersedia dianalisis dengan metode semi kuantitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tingkat kematangan setiap acuan dalam program PEKA berdasarkan behavior safety maturity matrix secara umum berada pada level 3 dengan rata-rata 3,1 dan termasuk level tinggi. Sedangkan analisis angka kecelakaan akibat perilaku tidak aman berdasarkan hasil perhitungan STS (Safe-T-Score) menunjukkan nilai antara -2,0 dan +2,0 yang berarti tidak ada perubahan angka kecelakaan akibat perilaku tidak aman yang bermakna. Kesimpulan dalam penelitian ini adalah tingkat kematangan BBS dalam program PEKA dapat dikategorikan level tinggi, angka kecelakaan akibat perilaku tidak aman tidak mengalami perubahan yang bermakna, dan berdasarkan persyaratan dalam penelitian ini, dapat disimpulkan bahwa program PEKA kurang efektif dalam menurunkan angka kecelakaan akibat perilaku tidak aman di PT Pertamina (Persero) Refinery Unit VI Balongan. Disarankan agar perusahaan memperbaiki proses pelaksanaan BBS dalam program PEKA.
Association between serum vitamin D levels and Helicobacter pylori cytotoxic-associated gene A seropositivity: a cross-sectional study in US adults from NHANES III

Objective To assess the association of serum vitamin D (VD) levels and Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) cytotoxic-associated gene A (CagA) seropositivity, and further explore potential effect modifiers in this association. Design Cross-sectional study. Setting Data from phase I of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III, 1988–1991) led by the Center for Disease Control and Prevention. Participants A total of 3512 US adults (≥20 years) with both serum VD levels and H. pylori CagA antibody data from NHANES III were included in the analysis. Methods VD deficiency was defined as serum 25(OH)D concentrations<20 ng/mL. Logistic regression models were used to assess the association of serum VD levels and H. pylori CagA seropositivity (VD–Hp CagA+), and stratification analyses were used to explore potential effect modifiers. Results There was no significant association of VD–Hp CagA+ in the general population. But serum 25(OH)D concentrations were associated with H. pylori CagA+ in non-Hispanic whites (adjusted OR=1.02, 95% CI: 1.00 to 1.03), other races/ethnicities (adjusted OR=1.08, 95% CI: 1.01 to 1.06), populations born in other countries (adjusted OR=1.09, 95% CI: 1.04 to 1.15) or occasional drinkers (adjusted OR=0.93, 95% CI: 0.88 to 0.99). VD deficiency was associated with H. pylori CagA+ in non-Hispanic whites (adjusted OR=0.69, 95% CI: 0.53 to 0.92), populations born in other countries (adjusted OR=0.47, 95% CI: 0.25 to 0.89), non-drinkers (adjusted OR=0.80, 95% CI: 0.65 to 0.99), occasional drinkers (adjusted OR=2.53, 95% CI: 1.06 to 6.05), population with first quartile level of serum ferritin (adjusted OR=0.70, 95% CI: 0.51 to 0.96) or fourth quartile level of serum folate (adjusted OR=0.63, 95% CI: 0.46 to 0.87). Conclusions Racial/ethnic differences and different serum ferritin or serum folate levels may be effect modifiers for the association of VD–Hp CagA+.
Fully Distributed Pull-Based Event-Triggered Bipartite Fixed-Time Output Control of Heterogeneous Systems With an Active Leader

This article deals with the fully distributed pull-based event-triggered bipartite fixed-time output consensus problem of heterogeneous linear multiagent systems (HLMASs) with an active leader, whose information can be merely accessed by a small fraction of followers. First, a class of fully distributed fixed-time observers is proposed for each follower to estimate the leader’s system matrices, position, and control input under the signed communication topology, respectively. Then, based on the estimations of leader’s system matrices, two adaptive algorithms are given to solve the regulator equations. Furthermore, the fully distributed fixed-time observer-based controllers associated with state feedback and output feedback are, respectively, proposed by employing the pull-based event-triggered mechanism (ETM) where each agent merely updates controller at its own triggering instants. Correspondingly, some sufficient criteria and the rigorous proofs are provided to ensure the implementation of bipartite output consensus in fixed time by using the Lyapunov stability theory and fixed-time stability theory. Moreover, the strictly positive lower bounds of intervals between two adjacent event-triggered times are derived, which means the Zeno behavior is ruled out. Finally, numerical simulations are performed to demonstrate the theoretical analysis.
Outcome-Based Decision-Making Algorithm for Treating Patients with Primary Aldosteronism

Background Optimal management of primary aldosteronism (PA) is crucial due to the increased risk of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Adrenal venous sampling (AVS) is the gold standard method for determining subtype but is technically challenging and invasive. Some PA patients do not benefit clinically from surgery. We sought to develop an algorithm to improve decision-making before engaging in AVS and surgery in clinical practice. Methods We conducted the ongoing Korean Primary Aldosteronism Study at two tertiary centers. Study A involved PA patients with successful catheterization and a unilateral nodule on computed tomography and aimed to predict unilateral aldosterone-producing adenoma (n=367). Study B involved similar patients who underwent adrenalectomy and aimed to predict postoperative outcome (n=330). In study A, we implemented important feature selection using the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression. Results We developed a unilateral PA prediction model using logistic regression analysis: lowest serum potassium level ≤3.4 mEq/L, aldosterone-to-renin ratio ≥150, plasma aldosterone concentration ≥30 ng/mL, and body mass index <25 kg/m2 (area under the curve, 0.819; 95% confidence interval, 0.774 to 0.865; sensitivity, 97.6%; specificity, 25.5%). In study B, we identified female, hypertension duration <5 years, anti-hypertension medication <2.5 daily defined dose, and the absence of coronary artery disease as predictors of clinical success, using stepwise logistic regression models (sensitivity, 94.2%; specificity, 49.3%). We validated our algorithm in the independent validation dataset (n=53). Conclusion We propose this new outcome-driven diagnostic algorithm, simultaneously considering unilateral aldosterone excess and clinical surgical benefits in PA patients.
An analytical model of simultaneous switching noise in CMOS systems

An accurate and analytical model for simultaneous switching noise (SSN) on ground lines in CMOS circuits is presented. This model can compute SSN for the case where only some drivers switch and the others remain quiet, that is, the model considers the loading effects on the quiet drivers. It was confirmed that the proposed model is more accurate than the existing ones through HSPICE simulation using the level 28 model for short-channel MOSFETs. The proposed model can provide useful design guides for CMOS driver circuits.
Higher Marijuana use among Young Adults Persists Even during Pregnancy.

Background Marijuana is linked to adverse pregnancy health effects, yet limited data exist regarding demographic and regional differences in marijuana use during pregnancy. Objective To determine the prevalence of prenatal marijuana use among reproductive-age women and assess regional and age-related differences. Methods This study secondarily analyzed cross-sectional, population-based Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System data from states querying about marijuana use. It included 10,350 women with live births in 2009-2011. Primary outcome was "any use of marijuana" during pregnancy. Logistic regression analysis examined associations between marijuana use, age, and other socio demographic characteristics. Results In all states, marijuana use during pregnancy was more likely in adolescent and young adults (AYA; <25 years) than older mothers: Alaska, prevalence rate ratio (PRR), 2.07 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.5-2.6); Hawaii, PRR, 1.55 (95% CI, 1.2-1.9); Vermont, PRR, 2.44 (95% CI, 1.9-2.9). Regression analyses, controlling for other demographic characteristics, showed that age <25 was associated with higher odds of marijuana use in Alaska (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 2.24 [95% CI, 1.9-2.5]) and Vermont (aOR, 1.74 [95% CI, 1.5-1.9]). Smoking cigarettes during pregnancy was associated with higher odds of concomitant marijuana use in Alaska (aOR, (P<0.05)) and Vermont (aOR, 1.2 (P<0.05)). Conclusions AYA reported higher marijuana use rates during pregnancy than older women. Cigarette use during pregnancy was associated with marijuana use. Additional research, examining national marijuana use patterns and maternal and child health outcomes in the context of evolving marijuana policies, is warranted.
Rate of utilisation of a given fraction of W' does not affect fatigue during severe-intensity exercise

NEW FINDINGS: What is the central question of this study? Does the rate of utilization of W' (the curvature constant of the power-duration relationship) affect fatigue during severe-intensity exercise? What is the main finding and its importance? The magnitude of fatigue after two severe-intensity exercises designed to deplete the same fraction of W' (70%) at two different rates of utilization (fast versus slow) was similar after both exercises. Moreover, the magnitude of fatigue was related to critical power (CP), supporting the contention that CP is a key determinant in fatigue development during high-intensity exercise. Thus, the CP model is a suitable approach to investigate fatigue mechanisms during high-intensity exercise. The depletion of W' (the curvature constant of the power-duration relationship) seems to contribute to fatigue during severe-intensity exercise. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the effect of a fast versus a slow rate of utilization of W' on the occurrence of fatigue within the severe-intensity domain. Fifteen healthy male subjects performed tests to determine the critical power, W' and peak torque in the control condition (TCON ) and immediately after two fatiguing work rates (THREE and TEN) set to deplete 70% W' in either 3 (TTHREE ) or 10min (TTEN ). The TTHREE and TTEN were significantly reduced (F=19.68, P=0.01) in comparison to TCON . However, the magnitude of reduction in peak torque (TTHREE =-19.8±10.1% versus TTEN =-16.8±13.3%) was the same in the two fatiguing exercises (t=-0.76, P=0.46). There was a significant inverse relationship between the critical power and the reduction in peak torque during both THREE (r=-0.49, P=0.03) and TEN (r=-0.62, P=0.02). In contrast, the W' was not significantly correlated with the reduction in peak torque during both THREE (r=-0.14, P=0.33) and TEN (r=-0.30, P=0.10). Thus, fatigue following severe-intensity exercises performed at different rates of utilization of W' was similar when the same work was done above the critical power (i.e. same amount of W' used).
Event-Triggered Output-Feedback Control for Synchronization of Delayed Neural Networks

This article proposes a novel discrete event-triggered scheme (DETS) for the synchronization of delayed neural networks (NNs) using the dynamic output-feedback controller (DOFC). The proposed DETS uses both the current and past samples to determine the next trigger, unlike the traditional event-triggered scheme (ETS) that uses only the current sample. The proposed DETS is employed in a dual setup for two network channels to significantly reduce redundant data transmission. A DOFC is designed to achieve the synchronization of the NNs. Stability criteria of the synchronisation error system are derived based on the Lyapunov–Krasovskii functional method, and the co-design of the DOFC and DETS parameters are accomplished using the Cone-complementarity linearization (CCL) approach. The effectiveness and advantages of the proposed method are illustrated considering an example of the chaotic system.
Tracking connectivity maps in human stem cell–derived neuronal networks by holographic optogenetics

Holographic optogenetic stimulation of human iPSC–derived neuronal networks was exploited to map precise functional connectivity motifs and their long-term dynamics during network development. Neuronal networks derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells have been exploited widely for modeling neuronal circuits, neurological diseases, and drug screening. As these networks require extended culturing periods to functionally mature in vitro, most studies are based on immature networks. To obtain insights on long-term functional features, we improved a glia–neuron co-culture protocol within multi-electrode arrays, facilitating continuous assessment of electrical features in weekly intervals. By full-field optogenetic stimulation, we detected an earlier onset of neuronal firing and burst activity compared with spontaneous activity. Full-field stimulation enhanced the number of active neurons and their firing rates. Compared with full-field stimulation, which evoked synchronized activity across all neurons, holographic stimulation of individual neurons resulted in local activity. Single-cell holographic stimulation facilitated to trace propagating evoked activities of 400 individually stimulated neurons per multi-electrode array. Thereby, we revealed precise functional neuronal connectivity motifs. Holographic stimulation data over time showed increasing connection numbers and strength with culture age. This holographic stimulation setup has the potential to establish a profound functional testbed for in-depth analysis of human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived neuronal networks.