Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Treatability study using Phanerochaete sordida for the bioremediation of DDT contaminated soil

A treatability study was conducted to determine the potential of white rot fungi to remediate soil from a Superfund site that had been contaminated with DDT. A tiered approach was utilized, starting with simple laboratory studies to screen the potential of white rot fungal strains to degrade DDT and culminating with a soil pan study that simulated land farming. Results from early tiers of the study indicated that Phanerochaete sordida had the best potential for remediating the soil. In the soil pan study, the fungus ultimately grew very well after second inoculation. However, the good growth did not translate to higher DDT removal compared to removal in pans that were not inoculated. 14[DDT] fate studies indicated the small amount of removal that did occur for both fungal inoculated and non‐inoculated conditions could be partially attributed to incorporation into humic material. Addition of a surfactant to the soil enhanced the removal of DDT in both inoculated and non‐inoculated soil. Consequently, under.
Optical anisotropy of polystyrene and its low molecular analogues

Depolarized Rayleigh scattering (DRS) of benzene, toluene, cumene, and t-butylbenzene, 2,4-diphenylpentane (DPP) 2,4,6-triphenylheptane (TPH), and atactic polystyrenes (PS) with average degrees of polymerization of 21, 38 and 96 have been measured in carbon tetrachloride at λ= 632.8 nm and T= 25°C. The optical anisotropies γ2 deduced from the DRS of benzene and toluene are consistent with results obtained by LeFevre and co-workers from the electric and magnetic birefringence. The anisotropy attributable to the phenyl group is altered markedly by methyl substitution in passing from benzene to toluene. Further substitution on the methyl group has only a minor effect. Optical anisotropies of PS and its oligomers DPP and TPH are calculated from the polarizability tensor for cumene, chosen as the closest analogue of the repeating unit of PS. Values of 〈γ2〉 computed on this basis by averaging over the conformations of meso and racemic DPP, of the mixture of isomers comprising TPH, and of atactic PS are in good agreement with the results of the DRS measurements. 〈γ2〉 for PS calculated as a function of stereochemical constitution decreases from 97 A6 to 30 A6 in passing from syndiotactic to isotactic chains.
Comparisons Between Asphaltenes from the Dead and Live-Oil Samples of the Same Crude Oils

Abstract Asphaltenes precipitated from pressure-preserve bottomhole oil samples have been obtained for three oils at different pressures, using a bulk high-pressure filtration apparatus. The precipitates captured on the filter were recovered, the asphaltenes defined by the n-heptane insolubility were extracted and analyzed. These pressure-driven asphaltenes found on the filter were found to make up in the range between 50 and 100 ppm of the whole crude oil. Opening of the cell did not reveal asphaltenes retained due to wall adhesion. Size exclusion chromatography tests performed on both the live-oil-derived asphaltenes and the standard asphaltenes as precipitated by atmospheric titration on the same crude oil, revealed that the live-oil asphaltenes had apparent smaller hydrodynamic volume and narrower distributions than the standard asphaltenes for two oils. Further FTIR tests also showed large differences between standard asphaltenes and the asphaltenes obtained at high pressure filter. The latter appeared to contain more functional groups and be less saturated. Implication of these structural differences on precipitation modeling is discussed.
Sputtering Yields of Metals for Ar+ and Ne+ Ions with Energies from 50 to 600 ev

Sputtering yields for polycrystalline metal and semiconductor targets under normally incident Ar+ and Ne+ ion bombardment were measured in the energy range from 50 to 600 ev. The yields (atoms/ion) were determined by measuring the weight loss of spherical targets immersed like large negative Langmuir probes in a dense low‐pressure plasma (2–5 μ in Ar and ∼40 μ in Ne), created in a demountable thermionic cathode, low‐voltage discharge tube. The yields were found to be independent of gas pressure and ion current density. Sputtering sets in substantially at approximately the same ion energy for the various metal‐gas combinations (40 to 60 ev) but with increasing ion energy rises differently for different materials. Comparing various materials, it is found that the yields increase consistently as the d shells are filled, with Cu, Ag, and Au having the highest yields.
EFFECT OF SEED RATES AND NITROGEN FERTILIZATION LEVELS ON YIELD AND QUALITY OF SUGAR CANE

Two field trails were carried out at El-Mattana Agricultural Research Station (Luxor Governorate) to study the performance of sugarcane G.84-47 variety grown as plant cane in 2008/2009 and 2009/2010 seasons and the 1 ratoon crops in 2009/2010 under two seed rates of 1.5 and 2.0 rows of cane cuttings (12600 and 16800) of three-budded cane cuttings, i.e. 37800 and 50400 buds/fed and three nitrogen fertilization levels of 150, 180 and 210 kg/fed, respectively. A split plot experimental design with four replications was used, where the main plots were assigned for seed rates while nitrogen levels were distributed in the sub plots. The results showed that, seed rates differed significantly, where 50400 buds/fed recorded the highest values of stalk height, sucrose%, purity%, sugar recovery%, millable cane/fed, cane and sugar yields/fed in the plant cane and 1 ratoon crop, respectively. While, seed rate 37800 buds/fed recorded the highest values of stalk diameter, brix% and impurities% in the plant cane and 1 ratoon crops. Increasing nitrogen fertilizer level up to 210 kg N/fed given to G.84-47 recorded the highest values of stalk height, number of millable cane/m and cane yield, which increased sugar yield/fed. whereas, 180 kg N/fed recorded the highest mean values of stalk diameter, sucrose%, purity%, sugar recovery%. The interaction between nitrogen levels 210 kg N/fed with 50400 buds/fed attained the highest mean values of cane and sugar yields (ton/fed) in the plant cane and 1 ratoon crop. Under conditions of this work, adding 210 kg N/fed with seed rate 50400 buds/fed can be recommended to obtain the highest cane and sugar yields.
Le plateau Cyrénien : promontoire africain sur la marge Ionienne

Le Comite d'Etudes Petrolieres Marines (CEPM) et le Centre National pour l'Exploration des Oceans (CNEXO) ont mene une serie d'etudes sous-marines des escarpements Ioniens pour en definir l'origine, l'âge et l'evolution. Les resultats presentes ici concernent le plateau Cyrenien, au sud du bassin Ionien profond. Ils comprennent : les donnees bathymetriques sous forme d'une carte a 1/100 000e hors texte, l'analyse morphologique des reliefs, les determinations stratigraphiques effectuees sur les echantillons recoltes en dragages ou en plongees, la description sommaire des cinq plongees realisees sur les escarpements. Les conclusions font ressortir : - l'existence de series carbonatees de plate-forme d'âge Cretace inferieur, affectees d'une subsidence rapide; - un changement paleogeographique majeur, post-Albien, qui correspondrait sans doute a la premiere individualisation du plateau sous-marin; - la distinction d'une serie litee, probablement lithologiquement diversifiee, d'âge Cretace superieur; - la distinction d'une serie superieure massive, non datee, probablement entierement carbonatee; - une evolution recente marquee par la formation de figures de dissolution sur les parois rocheuses, la diagenese d'encroutements carbonates sur les pentes envasees.
Microanalysis of Grain Boundary Segregation in Embrittled Iron‐3wt% Nickel Alloys Using STEM

The segregation of minor embrittling additions of tin and phosphorus to the grain boundaries of an Fe‐3wt%Ni alloy after ageing at 823 K has been measured on thin foils using a Scanning Transmission Electron Microscope (STEM) interfaced with an energy dispersive X‐ray spectrometer. The microanalysis technique is discussed and shown to be useful for measuring grain boundary solute segregations.
The SnO2/Sn Carbothermic Cycle for Splitting Water and Production of Hydrogen

The carboreduction in SnO 2 to produce Sn and its hydrolysis with steam to generate hydrogen were studied. The SnO 2 /ClSn system has several advantages compared with the most advanced cycle considered so far, which is the ZnO/C/Zn system. The most significant one is the lower reduction temperatures (850―900°C for the Sn0 2 versus 1100―1150 ° C for the ZnO). The rate of carbothermal reduction was studied experimentally. SnO 2 powder (300 mesh, 99.9% purity) was reduced with beech charcoal and graphite using a thermogravimetric analysis apparatus and fixed bed flow reactor at a temperature range of 800―1000°C. Optimal temperature range for the reduction with beech charcoal is 875―900°C. The reaction time needed to reach conversion of Sn0 2 close to 100% is 5―10 min in this temperature range. The transmission electron microscopy results show that after cooling, the product of carboreduction contains mainly metallic Sn with a particle size of 1―3 μm. The hydrolysis step is crucial to the success of the entire cycle. Reactions between the steam and solid tin having as powder structure similar to the reduced one were performed at a temperature range of 350―600°C. Results of both the reduction and hydrolysis reactions are presented in addition to thermodynamic analysis of this cycle.
On the Use of Comic Books and Graphic Novels In the Classroom

This thesis describes the origin of comics and their sub-genres and explores how the use of comic books and graphic novels can be of help in the classroom. Comics and graphic novels are not new in the world but they do not seem to have gained their status within the educational community and the reason for that is examined in this thesis. Ways to change that situation are also examined along with ways to implement the use of comic books, graphic novels and all the sub-genres of comics into the classroom and into today’s curriculum. Historical cases both for and against the use of comics in the classroom are presented and discussed. The reasons why comics should be used in the classroom are explored and discussed alongside the reasons why they may not suit all classrooms. This thesis describes the multiple ways of teaching i.e. reading and writing, speaking and listening and arguments both for and against are provided in each category. The recent resurrection of comics is also discussed and how films based on comic books and superheroes are creating a new generation of comic book fans and lovers all around the world. The thesis also discusses the possible consequences of this new wave of fans and how the resurrection may help the argument that the comic book world can help motivate students to learn. Finally, the thesis suggests ways to improve the connection between the student, classroom and the comic book in the present and what the future of comic books and graphic novels might entail.
Wet cells and dry cells: in situ transmission electron microscopy of electrically-driven, dynamical processes

Recent developments in nanofabrication techniques allow thin, wet systems to be imaged with high spatial and temporal resolution in the electron microscope. Coupling this ability with simultaneous, measured, electrical control, we cycle processes in liquid systems representing different electrochemical battery components. Dynamic processes imaged with these techniques, which represent a new state-of-the-art, include nanobubble collapse, dendrite growth, ion diffusion, and graphite intercalation. We also develop a sensitive system for measuring electron beam induced currents (EBIC) in the transmission electron microscope and apply it to graphene-MoS2 heterostructures. This new hybrid material has strong light-matter interactions, and the EBIC measurements map the minority carrier diffusion length, which we observe to decrease with increasing radiation damage. These results have direct implications for the function and service lifetime of solar cells based on molybdenum disulfide.
THE SOLUBILITY OF ALUMINUM HYDROXIDE IN ACIDIC AND BASIC MEDIA AT 25 °C

The solubility of Al(OH)3 was measured in NaOH and HClO4 solutions. Possible reactions of Al(OH)3 in dilute NaOH and HCIO4 solutions are indicated along with the calculated constants. The amphoteric hydroxide was found to be more acidic than basic. The isoelectric point of Al(OH)3 was determined to be pH 7.7.
Inorganic reactions of iodine(+1) in acidic solutions

We present a thorough analysis of the former works concerning the hydrolysis of iodine and its mechanism in acidic or neutral solutions and recommend values of equilibrium and kinetic constants. Since the literature value for the reaction H2OI+ ⇌ HOI + H+ appeared questionable, we have measured it by titration of acidic iodine solutions with AgNO3. Our new value, K(H2OI+ ⇌ HOI + H+) ∼ 2 M at 25°C, is much larger than accepted before. It decreases slowly with the temperature. We have also measured the rate of the reaction 3HOI IO3− + 2I− + 3H+ in perchloric acid solutions from 5 × 10−2 M to 0.5 M. It is a second order reaction with a rate constant nearly independent on the acidity. Its value is 25 M−1 s−1 at 25°C and decreases slightly when the temperature increases, indicating that the disproportionation mechanism is more complicated than believed before. An analysis of the studies of this disproportionation in acidic and slightly basic solutions strongly supports the importance of a dimeric intermediate 2HOI ⇌ I2O·H2O in the mechanism. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Chem Kinet 36:480–493, 2004
Total phenolic content, antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of Equisetum arvense L.

The antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of Equisetum arvense L. harvested in a polluted urban area were investigated. The total phenolic content determined by a modified Folin-Ciocalteu method was 335.8 mg of GEA/g of the dried ethanol extract. Antioxidant activity determined by FRAP method was 28.7 mM Fe(II)/g of extract, whereas antioxidant activity index for stable DPPH free radicals was 3.86. The results were compared with control antioxidants (gallic acid, vitamin C, BHA and BHT). Antimicrobial activity was tested by monitoring the impact of different extract concentrations through measuring the change in optical density of bacterial suspension over time and by determining MIC and MBC using macrodilution method. E. arvense extract has been effective on the tested microorganisms depending on the concentration and exposure time. The extract had the strongest antibacterial activity on Staphylococcus aureus, with MIC and MBC of 11.14 mg/mL and 22.28 mg/mL respectively, and the weakest effect on Bacillus cereus, with MIC of 89.10 mg/mL.
Molybdate sorption by oxides of aluminium and iron

The sorption of molybdate by goethite, hematite, bayerite and α-Al2O3 was studied as a function of molybdate concentration and pH. The sorption isotherms exhibited double sorption plateaus in which the amount of Mo sorbed in the second plateau was double that in the first. This was attributed to the polymerization of molybdates as the concentration increases. Furthermore Mo sorption was found to be associated with a cosorption of Na cations, probably present to maintain electroneutrality in the surface zone. The sorption showed high sensitivity towards the pH, attaining a maximum at pH 4. For the iron oxides the decrease in sorption was much less pronounced on the acid side of the pH maximum and occured at lower pH values than that of the Al oxides. Molybdate sorption is explained in terms of a ligand exchange reaction between molybdate and surface hydroxyls. Molybdatsorption durch Al- und Fe-Oxide Die Molybdatsorption durch Goethit, Hamatit, Bayerit und α-Al2O3 wurde als Funktion von Mo-Konzentration und pH untersucht. Die Austauschisothermen zeigten zwei Plateaus, von denen das zweite das doppelte des ersten ergab, was durch Polymerisation verursacht wurde. Auserdem ging der Mo-Polymerisation eine Kosorption von Na einher. Die Sorption zeigte eine deutliche pH-Abhangigkeit mit einem Maximum bei pH 4. Die Mo-Sorption wird als Liganden-Austauschreaktion zwischen Molybdat und Hydroxylgruppen der Oberflache angesehen.
Isotope anomalies in tellurium and palladium from Allende nanodiamonds

Abstract— ‐The elemental and isotopic abundances of Te and Pd have been measured by thermal ionization mass spectrometry in a purified sample of interstellar nanodiamonds from the Allende meteorite, after combustion of the diamonds in an oxygen plasma. Small positive anomalies were found in 128Te (4.0 ± 1.5 %0) and 130Te (9.3 ± 2.8 %0) from three analyses of the Allende nanodiamond sample EB, and in 110Pd (9.4 ± 5.7 %0) from two analyses of the same sample. No other anomalies of a significant nature were found in either Te or Pd. These results are consistent with the neutron burst model (Meyer et al., 2000), and the r‐process based rapid separation model of Ott (1996) in that 128, 130Te and 110Pd are enhanced relative to their solar abundances. However, in the framework of the neutron burst model, some separation between stable products and radioactive precursors may be required in order to be consistent with the full data set of Te isotopes. In the framework of the rapid separation scenario, our data suggests a separation time of approximately 4000 s, based on the magnitudes of the precursor life‐times for 128Te and 130Te. The elemental abundance ratio Te‐H/Xe‐H agrees with the prediction of the rapid separation model, provided little fractionation occurred during trapping of the exotic components by the diamonds, but differs significantly from expectations based on the neutron burst model. Differences in the inferred 128Te/130Te ratio between our work and that of Richter et al. (1998) point to the need for further investigations.
Treatment of wastewater containing Pb and Fe using ion-exchange techniques

Treatment of wastewater containing lead and iron was examined using two different ion-exchange resins namely Duolite ES 467 (containing amino-phosphonic functional groups) and a chelating ion-exchange resin (containing hydroxamic acid functional groups). Initially different sorption parameters such as contact time, pH, concentrations of sorbent, sorbate and chloride ion were studied. The sorption kinetics was observed to be fast and equilibrium could be reached within 30 min. Lead sorption efficiency increased with increase in pH whereas the opposite trend was observed with iron. The presence of chloride ions greatly reduced the Pb sorption efficiency in the case of Duolite ES 467. Column studies were carried out to recover Pb and Fe individually using Duolite ES 467 resin. The maximum uptake of Pb at pH 2 and 3 was observed to be 11.63 and 33.96 g dm−3 of resin respectively. Similarly, for Fe at pH 2 and 3 the uptake was observed to be 10.07 and 6.96 g dm−3 of resin respectively. In the presence of chloride ions, column studies were carried out using Duolite ES 467 for iron and chelating ion-exchange resin containing hydroxamic acid functional groups for lead sorption. Hydroxamic acid resin's loading capacity remains constant for at least up to 20 cycles. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry
Computer simulation as a tool for the interpretation of total scattering data from glasses and liquids

Ever since the pioneering work by McGreevy and Pusztai [Mol. Simul. 1 (1988), pp. 359–367] in developing the reverse Monte Carlo (RMC) technique, computer simulation has become a widely used tool for the interpretation of total scattering data from liquid, glassy and crystalline materials. A variant on this approach, empirical potential structure refinement (EPSR), was introduced in 1996 for the study of molecular materials. Both approaches perform routine Monte Carlo simulations of the systems under study but derive their structural information partly from the assumed knowledge of the system in question (such as density, limits on atomic overlap, likely forces between atoms and molecular structure) and partly from radiation total scattering data, which contain weighted sums of the relevant site–site radial distribution functions (rdfs) via the corresponding partial structure factors. The latter information is carried in the form of a fit factor (RMC) or empirical potential (EPSR) which is included in the Hamiltonian used to assess whether individual atom or molecule moves should be accepted or rejected. The present account illustrates the use of EPSR to investigate two well-known liquids, water and dimethylsulphoxide. In the former case, it is possible, at least in principle, to recover the set of three site–site partial structure factors directly from the available scattering data. In the latter case, this is not possible, even in principle, because there are insufficient isotope or X-ray contrasts available to recover the full set of 10 partial structure factors needed to define the structure of the liquid. Although the information content of the data-sets for each liquid is different, EPSR is able to distinguish the intermolecular force field between models in both cases, and thus produce a set of site–site rdfs which are both consistent with the scattering data and derived from a non-overlapping 3D distribution of molecules.
Selective attachment of monovalent background electrolyte ions and growth inhibitors to polar steps on sulfates as studied by molecular simulations and AFM observations

Molecular simulations and in situ atomic force microscopy (AFM) experiments are used to demonstrate the influence of the ionic strength of the solution and the mechanism of growth inhibitors on growth and dissolution of barite with some comparative experiments on celestite. Growth and dissolution rates, as determined from monolayer step edge velocities, increase with increasing background electrolyte (NaCl) concentration. The electrolyte effect is analyzed in terms of changes of the bulk solution, physicochemical properties of the near-surface region and the mechanisms on the sulfate surfaces at a molecular scale. Bulk solution effects are mainly based on changes in the activity coefficient of dissolved species whereas increased growth and dissolution rates are partly due to a decreased interfacial tension between barite and supersaturated aqueous solution at high ionic strength. We have also found possible mechanisms from molecular simulations that explain the rate changes and also the significant changes in morphologies of etch pits and growth islands when monovalent background electrolyte ions are added. In solutions with high ionic strength, the relative stability of polar [010] steps is increased in comparison to the dipole-free d 120 ¢ direction, evident as growth islands and etch pits, which are elongated in the [010] direction under growth and dissolution conditions, respectively. This indicates a specific interaction between the background electrolyte and certain sites on the mineral surface. The increased relative stability of steps parallel to [010] relative to those parallel to d 120 ¢ could be explained by the formation of stabilized -Na-SO 4 -Na-SO 4 - or -Cl-Ba-Cl-Ba-Cl- chains along the step, which are less polar than terraces bounded by either SO 4 2 m or Ba 2+ . The most likely explanation for the increased growth velocity is that Na + ions in solution can attach to preexisting growth islands to start a new growth row, which is the rate limiting step for growth in solutions with a low salinity.