Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Development of a Computational System to Improve Wind Farm Layout, Part I: Model Validation and Near Wake Analysis

The first part of this work describes the validation of a wind turbine farm Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulation using literature velocity wake data from the MEXICO (Model Experiments in Controlled Conditions) experiment. The work is intended to establish a computational framework from which to investigate wind farm layout, seeking to validate the simulation and identify parameters influencing the wake. A CFD model was designed to mimic the MEXICO rotor experimental conditions and simulate new operating conditions with regards to tip speed ratio and pitch angle. The validation showed that the computational results qualitatively agree with the experimental data. Considering the designed tip speed ratio (TSR) of 6.6, the deficit of velocity in the wake remains at rate of approximately 15% of the free-stream velocity per rotor diameter regardless of the free-stream velocity applied. Moreover, analysis of a radial traverse right behind the rotor showed an increase of 20% in the velocity deficit as the TSR varied from TSR = 6 to TSR = 10, corresponding to an increase ratio of approximately 5% m·s−1 per dimensionless unit of TSR. We conclude that the near wake characteristics of a wind turbine are strongly influenced by the TSR and the pitch angle.
Explosive Nucleosynthesis in Sub-Chandrasekhar-mass White Dwarf Models for Type Ia Supernovae: Dependence on Model Parameters

Recent observations of Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) have shown diversified properties of the explosion strength, light curves, and chemical composition. To investigate possible origins of such diversities in SNe Ia, we have presented multidimensional hydrodynamical studies of explosions and associated nucleosynthesis in near-Chandrasekhar-mass carbon–oxygen (CO) white dwarfs (WDs) for a wide range of parameters. In the present paper, we extend our wide parameter survey of models to the explosions of sub-Chandrasekhar-mass CO WDs. We take the double-detonation model for the explosion mechanism. The model parameters of the survey include a metallicity of Z = 0–5 Z⊙, a CO WD mass of M = 0.90–1.20 M⊙, and a He envelope mass of MHe = 0.05–0.20 M⊙. We also study how the initial He detonation configuration, such as spherical, bubble, and ring shapes, triggers the C detonation. For these parameters, we derive the minimum He envelope mass necessary to trigger the C detonation. We then examine how the explosion dynamics and associated nucleosynthesis depend on these parameters, and we compare our results with the previous representative models. We compare our nucleosynthesis yields with the unusual abundance patterns of Fe-peak elements and isotopes observed in SNe Ia SN 2011fe, SN 2012cg, and SN 2014J, as well as SN Ia remnant 3C 397, to provide constraints on their progenitors and environments. We provide the nucleosynthesis yields table of the sub-Chandrasekhar-mass explosions, to discuss their roles in the galactic chemical evolution and archaeology.
Crushing singularities in spacetimes with spherical, plane and hyperbolic symmetry

It is shown that the initial singularities in spatially compact spacetimes with spherical, plane or hyperbolic symmetry admitting a symmetric compact constant mean curvature hypersurface are crushing singularities when the matter content of spacetime is described by the Vlasov equation (collisionless matter) or the wave equation (massless scalar field). In the spherically symmetric case it is further shown that if the spacetime admits a maximal slice then there are crushing singularities both in the past and in the future. The essential properties of the matter models chosen are that their energy--momentum tensors satisfy certain inequalities and that they do not develop singularities in a given regular background spacetime.
Intrafamilial abuse in the childhood of men criminally prosecuted for domestic violence

Escola de Enfermagem, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil. Universidade do Estado da Bahia, Senhor do Bonfi m, Bahia, Brazil. Confl icts of interest: nothing to declare. Abstract Objective: Unveil the intrafamilial abuse experienced in the childhood of men criminally prosecuted for domestic violence. Methods: A qualitative study was undertaken, based on the theoretical framework proposed by Walter Benjamin. The data were collected through interviews with 23 men who were being criminally prosecuted for domestic violence in a Court for Domestic and Family Violence against Women in the city of Salvador, Bahia, Brazil, which were categorized with the help of Nvivo-11 and organized by means of the Collective Subject Discourse. Results: The statements evidenced a childhood marked by lack of affection, experiences of physical and psychological violence, expressed through body marks, false imprisonment and fear, as well as witnessing domestic violence between the parents. While appointing the trauma of this experience, the study alerts that the collective subject fi nds himself reproducing the same paternal attitudes in his marital relationship. Conclusion: The experience of a childhood marked by intrafamilial violence signals the intergenerational nature of domestic violence, refl ected in the abusive marital relationships.
Using violet laser-induced chlorophyll fluorescence emission spectra for crop yield assessment of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L) Walp) varieties

The use of violet laser-induced chlorophyll fluorescence (LICF) emission spectra to monitor the growth of five varieties of cowpea in the University of Cape Coast Botanical Garden is presented. Radiation from a continuous-wave violet laser diode emitting at 396 nm through a fibre is closely incident on in vivo leaves of cowpea to excite chlorophyll fluorescence, which is detected by an integrated spectrometer with CCD readout. The chlorophyll fluorescence spectra with peaks at 683 and 731 nm were used for growth monitoring of the cowpea plants over three weeks and analysed using Gaussian spectral functions with curve fitted parameters to determine the peak positions, area under the spectral curve and the intensity ratio F683/F731. The variation in the intensity ratio of the chlorophyll bands showed sensitive changes indicating the photosynthetic activity of the cowpea varieties. A discussion of the fluorescence result as compared to conventional assessment is presented with regard to discrimination between the cowpea varieties in terms of crop yield performance.
The Araucaria Project: Near-Infrared Photometry of Cepheid Variables in the Sculptor Galaxy NGC 300

We have obtained deep near-infrared images in J and K filters of three fields in the Sculptor galaxy NGC 300 with the ESO VLT and ISAAC Camera. For 16 Cepheid variables in these fields, we have determined J and K magnitudes at two different epochs and have derived their mean magnitudes in these bands. The slopes of the resulting period-luminosity relations are in very good agreement with the slopes of these relations measured in the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) by Persson et al. Fitting the LMC slopes to our data, we have derived distance moduli in J and K. Using these values together with the values derived in the optical V and I bands in our previous work, we have determined an improved total reddening for NGC 300 of E(B - V) = 0.096 ± 0.006 mag, which yields extremely consistent values for the absorption-corrected distance modulus of the galaxy from VIJK bands. Our distance result for NGC 300 from this combined optical/near-infrared Cepheid study is (m - M)0 = 26.37 ± 0.05 (random) ± 0.03 (systematic) mag and is tied to an adopted true LMC distance modulus of 18.50 mag. Both random and systematic uncertainties are dominated by photometric errors, while errors due to reddening, metallicity effects, and crowding are less important. Our distance determination is consistent with the earlier result from near-infrared (H-band) photometry of two Cepheids in NGC 300 by Madore et al., but far more accurate. Our distance value also agrees with the HST Key Project result of Freedman et al. and with the recent distance estimate for NGC 300 from Butler et al. from the tip of the red giant branch (TRGB) I-band magnitude when our improved reddening is used to calculate the absorption corrections. Our distance results from the different optical and near-infrared bands indicate that the reddening law in NGC 300 must be very similar to the Galactic one. With the results of this work, the distance of NGC 300 relative to the LMC now seems determined with an accuracy of approximately ±3%. The distance to this nearby Sculptor galaxy is therefore now known with higher accuracy than that of most (nearer) Local Group galaxies.
Equatorial photon motion in the Kerr-Newman spacetimes with a non-zero cosmological constant

Discussion of the equatorial photon motion in Kerr-Newman black-hole and naked-singularity spacetimes with a non-zero cosmological constant is presented. Both repulsive and attractive cosmological constants are considered. An appropriate `effective potential' governing the photon radial motion is defined, circular photon orbits are determined, and their stability with respect to radial perturbations is established. The spacetimes are divided into separated classes according to the properties of the `effective potential'. There is a special class of Kerr-Newman-de Sitter black-hole spacetimes with the restricted repulsive barrier. In such spacetimes, photons with high positive and all negative values of their impact parameter can travel freely between the outer black-hole horizon and the cosmological horizon due to an interplay between the rotation of the source and the cosmological repulsion. It is shown that this type of behaviour of the photon motion is connected to an unusual relation between the values of the impact parameters of the photons and their directional angles relative to the outward radial direction as measured in the locally non-rotating frames. Surprisingly, some photons counterrotating in these frames have a positive impact parameter. Such photons can be both escaping or captured in the black-hole spacetimes with the restricted repulsive barrier. For the black-hole spacetimes with a standard, divergent repulsive barrier of the equatorial photon motion, the counterrotating photons with positive impact parameters must all be captured from the region near the black-hole outer horizon as in the case of Kerr black holes, while they all escape from the region near the cosmological horizon. Further, the azimuthal motion is discussed and photon trajectories are given in typical situations. It is shown that for some photons with negative impact parameter turning points of their azimuthal motion can exist.
Constraining very heavy dark matter using diffuse backgrounds of neutrinos and cascaded gamma rays

We consider multi-messenger constraints on very heavy dark matter (VHDM) from recent Fermi gamma-ray and IceCube neutrino observations of isotropic background radiation. Fermi data on the diffuse gamma-ray background (DGB) shows a possible unexplained feature at very high energies (VHE), which we have called the ``VHE Excess" relative to expectations for an attenuated power law extrapolated from lower energies. We show that VHDM could explain this excess, and that neutrino observations will be an important tool for testing this scenario. More conservatively, we derive new constraints on the properties of VHDM for masses of 103–1010 GeV. These generic bounds follow from cosmic energy budget constraints for gamma rays and neutrinos that we developed elsewhere, based on detailed calculations of cosmic electromagnetic cascades and also neutrino detection rates. We show that combining both gamma-ray and neutrino data is essential for making the constraints on VHDM properties both strong and robust. In the lower mass range, our constraints on VHDM annihilation and decay are comparable to other results; however, our constraints continue to much higher masses, where they become relatively stronger.
CHARACTERISTIC POLYNOMIALS OF FILTERED DIFFERENCE MODULES AND OF EXTENSIONS OF DIFFERENCE FIELDS

deg τ = Σ kj. ί = ι DEFINITION 1. A difference operator on a difference ring R is an expression of the form Σ αττ, where aT e R and almost all aT are zero, ετ It is easy to check that if we endow the set D of difference operators in the natural way with the structure of a left R-module and if we put ( Σ af)a= Σ (αττ(α))Τ for any a e R, then D τ<ΕΤ τ<ΞΤ becomes a ring. DEFINITION 2. A difference R-module is a (left) D-module.
Obtaining GaSb/InAs heterostructures by liquid phase epitaxy

Features of liquid phase epitaxy of GaSb/InAs heterostructures are considered. A modified method of pulse cooling of saturated solution-melt is offered. This method allows us to avoid InAs substrate dissolution during contact with a Ga–Sb liquid phase. Also it is shown that forming InxGa1−xAsySb1−y solid solutions due to GaSb epitaxial layer dissolution by InAs substrate is energetically unfavourable.
The independence of upper and lower wing flows at supersonic speeds

Advances in computational methods are producing a need for accurate and detailed experimental results for test cases. At the same time economic trends force many of these experiments to be made in small wind tunnels. In some cases the small scale of the model does not provide enough space for the instrumentation and so the model must be distorted from the ideal shape. This paper is concerned with one aspect of this problem, that is, with the need to make wings thicker than required, either for strength or to provide volume for pressure tubes and other measuring devices. In particular the paper deals with the conditions under which the pressures measured on the flat surfaces of wings with bevelled or triangular cross-sections as shown in Figs. 1(b) and 1(c) are a good representation of the pressures which would be measured on the corresponding flat surface of thin wings (Fig. 1(a)). This problem has been touched on in a number of papers reporting experimental results but it does not appear to have been tackled systematically. The discussion of this paper is based on these earlier tests and on some new test results.
A scaling law for the critical current density of weakly- and strongly-coupled superconductors, used to parameterize data from a technological Nb3Sn strand

There is currently no consensus on how best to parameterize the large volume of data produced in measuring the magnetic field (B), temperature (T) and strain (ε) dependence of the engineering critical current density (JE(B, T, ε)) for A15 superconducting strands. For the volume pinning force (FP) and the upper critical field BC2(T, ε), we propose given b = B/BC2(T, ε) and t = T/TC(ε) where TC(ε) is the critical temperature. FP (or JE(B, T, ε)) includes three strain-dependent variables α(ε), BC2(0, ε) and TC(ε) and four constants, n, p, q and v. The form is different to that proposed by Summers et al by a factor T2C(ε). We suggest that the form is sufficiently general to describe superconductors whether the electron–phonon coupling is weak or strong and find that α(ε) is proportional to where Δ(ε) is the superconducting gap and γ(ε) is the Sommerfeld constant. Comprehensive JE(B, T, ε) data are presented for a modified jelly-roll (MJR) Nb3Sn conductor that are consistent with the form proposed with n ≈ 5/2, p = ½, q = 2 and v = 1.374. Hence the scaling law proposed leads to a critical current density for the MJR Nb3Sn given by Comparison with data in the literature suggests that α(ε) ≈ 3 × 10−3μ0γ(ε). Furthermore, the volume pinning force (FP(S/C)) within the Nb3Sn superconducting filaments alone can be described in terms of superconducting parameters in the form where κ(T, ε) is the Ginzburg–Landau parameter.
Evidence of enhanced multiphoton (248 nm) coupling from single-pulse energy measurements of Xe(L) emission induced from Xe clusters

Single-pulse energy measurements of the Xe(L) emission induced by femtosecond multiphoton ultraviolet (248 nm) excitation of Xe clusters have been made with a transmission grating spectrograph equipped with a calibrated x-ray CCD camera. On the basis of the observed magnitude of the Xe(L) single-pulse yield and the morphology measured by Thomson scattering of the self-trapped channels guiding the incident 248 nm pulse, it is concluded that the coupling strength for x-ray production from the clusters cannot be accounted for by an interaction involving only independent single-electron processes. Analysis indicates that the coupling requires augmentation by a factor of . This conclusion is in good agreement with an independent spectral study involving the direct comparison of the multiphoton coupling strength with electron collisional data for Xe obtained from EBIT studies, an analysis which placed the corresponding factor of augmentation of the coupling in the interval . These findings are consistent with estimates of the magnitude of the strengthened coupling which could arise from the development of ordered multi-electron motions.
Kinetics of systemic ruthenium in human blood using a stable tracer

The biokinetics of ruthenium after oral and intravenous administration has been investigated in two human subjects using the stable isotope 101Ru as a tracer. Tracer concentrations in blood plasma have been determined using activation analysis with protons. The results presented here prove that the stable tracer technique is a valuable tool for obtaining relevant information about the biokinetics of ruthenium in humans. From these pilot studies, it may be argued that the clearance of systemic ruthenium from plasma is significantly slower than the predictions of the biokinetic model currently recommended by the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP). The experimental data for the orally administered tracer, which reflect the gastrointestinal absorption process, differ from the curve derived from the ICRP model, suggesting that the uptake into the systemic circulation may be lower than predicted. On the basis of these preliminary data, investigations on a larger number of subjects with improvements in the experimental design are scheduled.
Driver Fatigue Detection Through Chaotic Entropy Analysis of Cortical Sources Obtained From Scalp EEG Signals

In this paper, the focus is on the analysis of a scalp electroencephalography (EEG) database of human subjects using the electrophysiological source imaging or source localization and the classification of normal and sleep-deprived states. The EEG collection was carried out while the subjects were driving in simulated condition in a laboratory, where the fatigue level propagates through 11 different stages of fatigue, to achieve the sleep deprivation of a total period of 36 h. Standardized low-resolution brain electromagnetic tomography (sLORETA) algorithm has been used here for estimating the source activations on the surface of the neo-cortex. sLORETA transforms the surface or scalp EEG data to the corresponding corticular dipole sources at each voxel on a simulated neo-cortex. For the characterization of the underlying neural patterns, approximate and sample entropies in voxels nearest to specific electrodes for different subjects and varying fatigue levels have been computed. Approximate entropy, sample entropy, and modified sample entropy are used here as the measures of complexity, similarity, and regularity in the sources. As a further investigation, these measures computed over all the stages are used to train a support vector machine, which classifies the measured values between alert and extremely fatigued states. As a result, several observations on the nature of change of the chaotic entropies are provided, and up to 86% classification accuracy is obtained.
A new concept of multileaf collimator (the shuttling MLC) - an interpreter for high-efficiency IMRT

This paper proposes a radically new concept for a multileaf collimator for a photon linear accelerator for delivering IMRT with high monitor-unit efficiency. The concept is to consider each M (rows)×N (columns) two-dimensional intensity-modulated beam (2D IMB) as a set of N/2 M (rows)×2 (columns) areas of modulation. Each area is then delivered by a set of M shuttling attenuating elements (called here the shuttling MLC) with a very high monitor-unit efficiency. The elements shuttle between each of the two columns comprising the M×2 area and the modulation is provided by the variation in dwell time of the elements. The principles of this shuttling multileaf collimator are discussed and examples illustrating its operation are given. The main achievement reported in this paper is the development and robust testing of an interpreter which describes the position-time course of movement of the elements as a function of monitor units. This interpreter fully accounts for leakage transmission through the elements. It completely avoids the across-the-rows tongue-and-groove underdose. A large number of 1D and 2D IMBs have been subjected to this interpreter and it is shown that for random patterns of fluence the SMLC is more monitor-unit efficient than the Bortfeld-Boyer technique (the most efficient with a conventional MLC) when the modulation is highly structured.
Potencial dos resíduos sólidos da indústria têxtil para fins energéticos

xii 1. INTRODUÇÃO GERAL . 1 2. CAPÍTULO 1: REVISÃO DE LITERATURA . 3 2.1 Processo Produtvo . 3 2.1. 1 Fiação . 4 2.1. 2 Tecelagem/Malharia . 5 2.1. 3 Beneficiamento têxtil . 5 2.1. 4 Confecção . 6 2.2 Geração de Resíduos . 6 2.3 Tratamento de Efluentes e Geração de Lodo . 10 2.4 Tratamento do Lodo . 11 2.4.1 Adensamento . 11 2.4.2 Desaguamento . 12 2.4.3 Condicionamento . 13 2.4. 4 Estabilização . 14 2.4. 5 Secagem térmica . 15 2.4. 6 Oxidação úmida . 16 2.4. 7 Pasteurização . 17 2.4. 8 Incineração . 17 2.4. 9 Pirólise . 19 2.4.10 Gaseificação . 20 2.5 Densificação . 20 2.5. 1 Briquetagem . 21 2.5. 2 Principais propriedades dos briquetes . 22 2.5. 3 Vantagens e desvantagens do uso de briquetes . 23 2.6 Companhia Industrial Cataguases . 23 2.5. 1 Processo produtivo da Companhia Industrial Cataguases . 24 2.5. 2 Geração de resíduos na Companhia Industrial Cataguases . 25 vi REFERÊNCIAS BIBLIOGRÁFICAS . 28 3. CAPÍTULO 2: CARACTERIZAÇÃO DOS RESÍDUOS DA INDÚSTRIA TÊXTIL PARA GERAÇÃO DE ENERGIA . 34 RESUMO . 34 ABSTRACT . 35. 35 3.1 Introdução . 36 3.2 Material e Métodos . 37 3.2.1 Classificação e caracterização dos resíduos . 37 3.3.2 Classificação das cinzas . 39 3.3 Resultados e Discussão . 39 3.3.1 Classificação dos resíduos. 39 3.3.2 Propriedades físicas e químicas dos resíduos. 40 3.3.3 Classificação das cinzas . 44 3.3 CONCLUSÕES . 45 REFERÊNCIAS BIBLIOGRÁFICAS . 46 4. CAPÍTULO 3: PRODUÇÃO DE BRIQUETES A PARTIR DE RESÍDUOS SÓLIDOS DA INDÚSTRIA TÊXTIL PARA FINS ENERGÉTICOS . 49 RESUMO . 49 ABSTRACT . 50. 50 4.1 Introdução . 51 4.2 Material e Métodos . 52 4.2.1 Produção dos briquete . 52 4.2.2 Propriedades dos briquetes . 55 4.2.3 Delineamento experimental . 56 4.3 Resultados e Discussão . 56 4.3 CONCLUSÕES . 63 REFERÊNCIAS BIBLIOGRÁFICAS . 64 5. CONCLUSÕES GERAIS . 66 ANEXO 1: ENSAIOS DE LIXIVIAÇÃO E SOLUBILIZAÇÃO DOS RESÍDUOS. 68 ANEXO 2: ENSAIO DE LIXIVIAÇÃO DAS CINZAS. 69 ANEXO 3: PROPRIEDADES QUÍMICAS, FÍSICAS E MECÂNICAS DOS BRIQUETES. 70 ANEXO 4: RESUMO DA ANÁLISE DE VARIÂNCIA (TESTE F). 71
Mathieu Equation and Elliptic Curve

We present a relation between the Mathieu equation and a particular elliptic curve. We find that the Floquet exponent of the Mathieu equation, for both q ≪ 1 and q ≫ 1, can be obtained from the integral of a differential one form along the two homology cycles of the elliptic curve. Certain higher order differential operators are needed to generate the WKB expansion. We make a few conjectures about the general structure of these differential operators.