Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Simulation study of signal formation in position sensitive planar p-on-n silicon detectors after short range charge injection

Segmented silicon detectors (micropixel and microstrip) are the main type of detectors used in the inner trackers of Large Hadron Collider (LHC) experiments at CERN. Due to the high luminosity and eventual high fluence of energetic particles, detectors with fast response to fit the short shaping time of 20–25 ns and sufficient radiation hardness are required. Charge collection measurements carried out at the Ioffe Institute have shown a reversal of the pulse polarity in the detector response to short-range charge injection. Since the measured negative signal is about 30–60% of the peak positive signal, the effect strongly reduces the CCE even in non-irradiated detectors. For further investigation of the phenomenon the measurements have been reproduced by TCAD simulations. As for the measurements, the simulation study was applied for the p-on-n strip detectors similar in geometry to those developed for the ATLAS experiment and for the Ioffe Institute designed p-on-n strip detectors with each strip having a window in the metallization covering the p+ implant, allowing the generation of electron-hole pairs under the strip implant. Red laser scans across the strips and the interstrip gap with varying laser diameters and Si-SiO2 interface charge densities (Qf) were carried out. The results verify the experimentally observed negative response along the scan in the interstrip gap. When the laser spot is positioned on the strip p+ implant the negative response vanishes and the collected charge at the active strip increases respectively. The simulation results offer a further insight and understanding of the influence of the oxide charge density in the signal formation. The main result of the study is that a threshold value of Qf, that enables negligible losses of collected charges, is defined. The observed effects and details of the detector response for different charge injection positions are discussed in the context of Ramo's theorem.
Evolution of supernovae-driven superbubbles with conduction and cooling

We use spherically symmetric hydrodynamic simulations to study the dynamical evolution and internal structure of superbubbles (SBs) driven by clustered supernovae (SNe), focusing on the effects of thermal conduction and cooling in the interface between the hot bubble interior and cooled shell. Our simulations employ an effective diffusivity to account for turbulent mixing from non-linear instabilities that are not captured in 1D. The conductive heat flux into the shell is balanced by a combination of cooling in the interface and evaporation of shell gas into the bubble interior. This evaporation increases the density, and decreases the temperature, of the SB interior by more than an order of magnitude relative to simulations without conduction. However, most of the energy conducted into the interface is immediately lost to cooling, reducing the evaporative mass flux required to balance conduction. As a result, the evaporation rate is typically a factor of ∼3–30 lower than predicted by the classical similarity solution of (Weaver et al. 1977), which neglects cooling. Blast waves from the first ∼30 SNe remain supersonic in the SB interior because reduced evaporation from the interface lowers the mass they sweep up in the hot interior. Updating the Weaver solution to include cooling, we construct a new analytic model to predict the cooling rate, evaporation rate, and temporal evolution of SBs. The cooling rate, and hence the hot gas mass, momentum, and energy delivered by SBs, is set by the ambient interstellar mass density and the efficiency of non-linear mixing at the bubble–shell interface.
Sistem Manajemen Talenta terhadap Organisasi Pembelajar dan Keterikatan Karyawan pada PT Hipernet Indodata Kantor Pusat

This study aims to determine the effect of talent management on the formation of a learning organization and employee engagement at PT Hipernet Indodata head office. There were 60 employees participated as the samples. which data was collected using a questionnaire. The statistical analysis technique used is Path Analysis with smartPLS 3.0 program. The results showed that Talent Attraction has a significant positive effect on Learning Organization, Talent Development has an insignificant negative effect on Learning Organization, Talent Retention has a significant positive effect on Learning Organization, Talent Attraction has no significant positive effect on Employee Engagement, Talent Development has insignificant negative effect on Employee Engagement, Talent Retention has a significant positive effect on Employee Engagement, Talent Attraction has no significant positive effect on Employee Engagement through Learning Organization, Talent Development has no negative effect significant impact on Employee Engagement through Learning Organization, Talent Retention has no significant positive effect on Employee Engagement through Learning Organization.
ALMA Observations of a Quiescent Molecular Cloud in the Large Magellanic Cloud

We present high-resolution (subparsec) observations of a giant molecular cloud in the nearest star-forming galaxy, the Large Magellanic Cloud. ALMA Band 6 observations trace the bulk of the molecular gas in 12CO(2–1) and the high column density regions in 13CO(2–1). Our target is a quiescent cloud (PGCC G282.98−32.40, which we refer to as the “Planck cold cloud” or PCC) in the southern outskirts of the galaxy where star formation activity is very low and largely confined to one location. We decompose the cloud into structures using a dendrogram and apply an identical analysis to matched-resolution cubes of the 30 Doradus molecular cloud (located near intense star formation) for comparison. Structures in the PCC exhibit roughly 10 times lower surface density and five times lower velocity dispersion than comparably sized structures in 30 Dor, underscoring the non-universality of molecular cloud properties. In both clouds, structures with relatively higher surface density lie closer to simple virial equilibrium, whereas lower surface-density structures tend to exhibit supervirial line widths. In the PCC, relatively high line widths are found in the vicinity of an infrared source whose properties are consistent with a luminous young stellar object. More generally, we find that the smallest resolved structures (“leaves”) of the dendrogram span close to the full range of line widths observed across all scales. As a result, while the bulk of the kinetic energy is found on the largest scales, the small-scale energetics tend to be dominated by only a few structures, leading to substantial scatter in observed size–line-width relationships.
A case study of a West Sumatra squall line using satellite observations

A West Sumatra squall line occurred on 10 January 2016, with a clear offshore propagation of convection. Satellite-derived products from Himawari-8 Advanced Himawari Imager and the Geostationary Cloud Algorithm Testbed Geocat are used to investigate the westward propagation of cloudiness from Sumatra to the Indian Ocean with a lifetime of 1.5-days. A convective mask based on deep convective cells detection and a cell-tracking algorithm are used to estimate the propagation speed of the cloud system. Two distinct mesoscale convective responses are identified: (1) a rapid development in South Sumatra is influenced by the convective environment over the Indian Ocean. The propagation speed is estimated to be ∼5ms−1 within the first 200 km from the coast. This speed is consistent with density currents. In contrast, (2) the coupling to the inertia-gravity wave is only evident for the northwest of Sumatra with speed ∼12 m s−1. The analysis of brightness temperature from the 10.4 μm spectral band and cloud top temperature showed that the lifetime of the squall line is approximately 30 h with a propagating distance of ∼1000 km. Retrieved cloud properties and tracking of the offshore propagation indicated that the cloud structure consisted of multiple types of cells, propagating as envelopes of convection and revealed the influence of large-scale variability of the Indian Ocean. Filtered OLR anomalies, satellite-derived rainfall, moisture flux convergence, and background winds flow around Sumatra are used to explore the effects of Kelvin wave activity that likely influenced the lifetime of the squall line.
Testing factorization in B → D ( * ) X decays

In QCD the amplitude for ${B}^{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{D}^{(*)+}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ factorizes in the large ${N}_{c}$ limit or in the large energy limit $Q\ensuremath{\gg}{\ensuremath{\Lambda}}_{\mathrm{QCD}}$ where $Q={{m}_{b}{,m}_{c}{,m}_{b}\ensuremath{-}{m}_{c}}. $ Data also suggest factorization in the exclusive processes $\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{B}{D}^{*}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{0}$ and $\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{B}{D}^{*}\ensuremath{\omega}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}};$ however, by themselves neither a large ${N}_{c}$ nor a large Q can account for this. We give exact large ${N}_{c}$ relations among isospin amplitudes for $\overline{B}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{D}^{(*)}X$ and $\overline{B}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{D}^{(*)}{D}^{(*)}X,$ which can be used to test factorization through exclusive or inclusive measurements. Noting that the condition for large energy release in ${B}^{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{D}^{+}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ is enforced by the small velocity limit, ${m}_{b}\ensuremath{\gg}{m}_{b}\ensuremath{-}{m}_{c}\ensuremath{\gg}\ensuremath{\Lambda},$ we propose that the combined large ${N}_{c}$ and SV limits justify factorization in $\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{B}{D}^{(*)}X. $ This combined limit is tested with the $\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{B}{D}^{*}X$ inclusive decay spectrum measured by CLEO.
Siponimod Modulates the Reaction of Microglial Cells to Pro-Inflammatory Stimulation

Siponimod (Mayzent®), a sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor (S1PR) modulator which prevents lymphocyte egress from lymphoid tissues, is approved for the treatment of relapsing-remitting and active secondary progressive multiple sclerosis. It can cross the blood–brain barrier (BBB) and selectively binds to S1PR1 and S1PR5 expressed by several cell populations of the central nervous system (CNS) including microglia. In multiple sclerosis, microglia are a key CNS cell population moving back and forth in a continuum of beneficial and deleterious states. On the one hand, they can contribute to neurorepair by clearing myelin debris, which is a prerequisite for remyelination and neuroprotection. On the other hand, they also participate in autoimmune inflammation and axonal degeneration by producing pro-inflammatory cytokines and molecules. In this study, we demonstrate that siponimod can modulate the microglial reaction to lipopolysaccharide-induced pro-inflammatory activation.
Exponential asymptotics for integrals with degenerate and non-isolated critical points

In this thesis we consider the exponentially improved asymptotic solutions to unbounded multidimensional steepest descent type integrals in the case where the phase function has sets of non-isolated critical points. These sets are connected components of the critical set of the phase function and we consider the case where these sets have both general order of degeneracy and general dimension. We consider first the case of isolated critical points of general order of degeneracy as a lead-in to the general problem. In the isolated case, we justify the reduction of the study of the asymptotic behaviour of the general integral to the study of the asymptotic contribution to each individual critical point by appealing to the Morse lemma and results from the literature regarding the homology group of allowable integration surfaces. In the non-isolated case no such results exist, but we give a first step by appealing to the Morse-Bott lemma to suitably parameterise the integration surface. The analogous homological result does not yet exist and such a derivation is beyond the scope of this thesis, but we proceed to study individual contributions regardless, inspired by how readily the Morse-Bott lemma affords an analogous parameterisation of the integration surface in the non-isolated case. Once this justification is established we focus on individual critical connected components of the phase function. A full hyperasymptotic expansion representing the repeatedly exponentially improved asymptotic contribution to the integral for critical points of this type is derived for the first time, with examples provided to demonstrate this new theory. The case of a general bounded integration region is briefly considered, but we demonstrate that work still needs to be done to extend the theory to this case.
Modeling the Thermodynamic Evolution of Coronal Mass Ejections Using Their Kinematics

Earlier studies on coronal mass ejections (CMEs), using remote sensing and in situ observations, have attempted to determine some internal properties of CMEs, which were limited to a certain position or a certain time. To understand the evolution of the internal thermodynamic state of CMEs during their heliospheric propagation, we improve the self-similar flux-rope internal state model, which is constrained by the measured propagation and expansion speed profiles of a CME. We implement the model in a CME that erupted on 2008 December 12 and probe the internal state of the CME. It is found that the polytropic index of the CME plasma decreased continuously from 1.8 to 1.35 as the CME moved away from the Sun, implying that the CME released heat before it reached an adiabatic state and then absorbed heat. We further estimate the entropy changing and heating rate of the CME. We also find that the thermal force inside the CME is the internal driver of CME expansion while the Lorentz force prevented the CME from expanding. It is noted that the centrifugal force due to poloidal motion decreased at the fastest rate, and the Lorentz force decreased slightly faster than the thermal pressure force as the CME moved away from the Sun. We also discuss the limitations of the model and approximations made in the study.
Compassionate Work Environments and Their Role in Teachers’ Life Satisfaction: The Contribution of Perceived Collective School Performance and Burnout

Several studies on helping professionals showed the protective role of compassion among colleagues and leaders. Despite this, studies on well-being factors at school, both preventive and protective, usually focus on teachers’ personal resources and study compassion in the teacher–student relationship. This study explores the role of received compassion at work on teachers’ life satisfaction while considering perceived school collective performance and burnout conditions as mediators in this link. One hundred and eighty-six Italian teachers (female = 85.4%, mean age = 48.5, SD = 9.46) completed a questionnaire on received compassion at work, perceived school collective performance, burnout, and life satisfaction. Through a structural equation model (χ2(21) = 30.716, p = 0.08, CFI = 0.989, TLI = 0.981, RMSEA = 0.050 (90% CI = 0.000–0.080, p = 0.465), SRMR = 0.038), it emerged that only perceived school collective performance mediated the association between received compassion and life satisfaction. To the best of our knowledge, few studies have addressed the role of compassion received from colleagues and supervisors at school and its effect on teachers’ work-related beliefs and personal well-being.
Genetic Aspects of Age-Related Macular Degeneration and Their Therapeutic Potential

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a complex and multifactorial disease, resulting from the interaction of environmental and genetic factors. The continuous discovery of associations between genetic polymorphisms and AMD gives reason for the pivotal role attributed to the genetic component to its development. In that light, genetic tests and polygenic scores have been created to predict the risk of development and response to therapy. Still, none of them have yet been validated. Furthermore, there is no evidence from a clinical trial that the determination of the individual genetic structure can improve treatment outcomes. In this comprehensive review, we summarize the polymorphisms of the main pathogenetic ways involved in AMD development to identify which of them constitutes a potential therapeutic target. As complement overactivation plays a major role, the modulation of targeted complement proteins seems to be a promising therapeutic approach. Herein, we summarize the complement-modulating molecules now undergoing clinical trials, enlightening those in an advanced phase of trial. Gene therapy is a potential innovative one-time treatment, and its relevance is quickly evolving in the field of retinal diseases. We describe the state of the art of gene therapies now undergoing clinical trials both in the field of complement-suppressors and that of anti-VEGF.
Young Adult Carers in the UK—New Evidence from the UK Household Longitudinal Study

Despite growing interest in young adult carers, little is known about trends in prevalence of caregiving among young adults aged 16–29. Furthermore, few studies have so far investigated demographic, health, and socioeconomic inequalities in the duration of care among young carers as well as demographic differences in caregiving characteristics. Using data from 11 waves of the nationally representative UK Household Longitudinal Study (2009–2021), we first estimated the prevalence of caregiving among 16–29 years-old adults at each wave. Results show that about 9% of those aged 16–29 provided care, and that this prevalence remained stable throughout the 2010s. Then, selecting respondents who participated for three waves of more, we assessed demographic, socioeconomic, and health characteristics associated with duration of care using ordinal regression models. Almost 52% of carers cared at two or more waves. Compared to non-carers, those who cared had more disadvantaged socioeconomic backgrounds, were from ethnic minorities and reported poorer health, particularly if they cared at two or more waves. Finally, focusing on carers, we tested differences by sex, age, and urbanicity in care relationships, intensity, and duration. Overall, women and those aged 25–29 cared for longer hours, for more people, and for more years than men and younger carers respectively. Put together, these findings provide an up-to-date description of young carers in the 2010s in the UK.
A Review of Research on the Effect of Temperature on the Properties of Polyurethane Foams

Temperature is one of the main factors affecting the properties of polyurethane foams, and there are large differences in the mechanical properties of polyurethane foams at different temperatures. To understand the effect of temperature on the mechanical properties of polyurethane foams and to provide a theoretical basis for the application of polyurethane foams in extreme environments, this paper systematically describes the research on the effect of mold temperature, raw material temperature, and environmental temperature on the microstructure and mechanical properties of polyurethane foams in the formation and service stages of rigid polyurethane foams by domestic and foreign scholars, and summarizes the effect of temperature on the mechanical properties of polyurethane foams and the mechanism of action. A review of the literature shows that the effect of different temperatures on the mechanical properties of polyurethane foams can be summarized. The literature review shows that there are certain changes in the foaming process, pore structure, and mechanical properties of polyurethane foams at different temperatures, and the increase in temperature generally leads to the increase in pore size, decrease in density, and decrease in mechanical properties of polyurethane foams.
BEE POLLEN AN ALTERNATIVE TO GROWTH PROMOTERS FOR POULTRY PRODUCTION-A REVIEW

Globally, the use of natural products as remedies for poultry health calls for a systematic exploration of their potential. Furthermore, there is an increasing popularity and utilization of bee-based products due to their inherent benefits. The current review was aimed at analysing empirical results, biological activities and secondary metabolites of bee pollen that are beneficial to the poultry industry. Eligible literature was retrieved from different databases. The findings from the literature search indicated that bee-collected pollen has received attention from researchers owing to its positive effects as a possible growth promoter in poultry production. It contains antioxidants, antimicrobials, emulsifiers, vitamins and minerals which can meet the biochemical and functional needs of poultry flocks. We identified a minimum of 17 research articles that captured various observations on the effects of bee pollen in poultry. The most common observations were on growth performance and gastrointestinal morphology. The search results also indicated that there are several factors such as floral species, climatic conditions and soil types which influence the nutritional composition of bee pollen. Studies gathered revealed that the antioxidant properties found in bee pollen are due to the phenolic compounds it possesses. Overall, there is a lack of empirical evidence on the health effects of supplementing bee pollen indicating a major knowledge gap that requires more research.
The Preparation and Biological Testing of Novel Wound Dressings with an Encapsulated Antibacterial and Antioxidant Substance

Chronic wounds represent a significant socio-economic problem, and the improvement of their healing is therefore an essential issue. This paper describes the preparation and biological properties of a novel functionalized nanofiber wound dressing consisting of a polycaprolactone nanofiber carrier modified by a drug delivery system, based on the lipid particles formed by 1-tetradecanol and encapsulated gentamicin and tocopherol acetate. The cytotoxicity of extracts was tested using a metabolic activity assay, and the antibacterial properties of the extracts were tested in vitro on the bacterial strains Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The effect of the wound dressing on chronic wound healing was subsequently tested using a mouse model. Fourteen days after surgery, the groups treated by the examined wound cover showed a lower granulation, reepithelization, and inflammation score compared to both the uninfected groups, a lower dermis organization compared to the control, a higher scar thickness compared to the other groups, and a higher thickness of hypodermis and bacteria score compared to both the uninfected groups. This work demonstrates the basic parameters of the safety (biocompatibility) and performance (effect on healing) of the dressing as a medical device and indicates the feasibility of the concept of its preparation in outpatient conditions using a suitable functionalization device.