Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Intrahippocampal Inoculation of Aβ1–42 Peptide in Rat as a Model of Alzheimer’s Disease Identified MicroRNA-146a-5p as Blood Marker with Anti-Inflammatory Function in Astrocyte Cells

Circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) have aroused a lot of interest as reliable blood diagnostic biomarkers of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Here, we investigated the panel of expressed blood miRNAs in response to aggregated Aβ1–42 peptides infused in the hippocampus of adult rats to mimic events of the early onset of non-familial AD disorder. Aβ1–42 peptides in the hippocampus led to cognitive impairments associated with an astrogliosis and downregulation of circulating miRNA-146a-5p, -29a-3p, -29c-3p, -125b-5p, and-191-5p. We established the kinetics of expression of selected miRNAs and found differences with those detected in the APPswe/PS1dE9 transgenic mouse model. Of note, miRNA-146a-5p was exclusively dysregulated in the Aβ-induced AD model. The treatment of primary astrocytes with Aβ1–42 peptides led to miRNA-146a-5p upregulation though the activation of the NF-κB signaling pathway, which in turn downregulated IRAK-1 but not TRAF-6 expression. As a consequence, no induction of IL-1β, IL-6, or TNF-α was detected. Astrocytes treated with a miRNA-146-5p inhibitor rescued IRAK-1 and changed TRAF-6 steady-state levels that correlated with the induction of IL-6, IL-1β, and CXCL1 production, indicating that miRNA-146a-5p operates anti-inflammatory functions through a NF-κB pathway negative feedback loop. Overall, we report a panel of circulating miRNAs that correlated with Aβ1–42 peptides’ presence in the hippocampus and provide mechanistic insights into miRNA-146a-5p biological function in the development of the early stage of sporadic AD.
On the asymmetry of structures in turbulent boundary layers

Turbulence‐producing events in the buffer region of a turbulent boundary layer were found to be associated with a significant probability of a nonzero spanwise velocity component at the time of maximum Reynolds stress. The conditional structures were reconstructed for various levels of spanwise velocity perturbations using the stochastic estimation. The resulting fields exhibit a marked asymmetry with one dominating vortical structure instead of a pair of counter‐rotating ones.
A NUMERICAL MODEL FOR THE MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMIC FLOW OF BLOOD IN A POROUS CHANNEL

Magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) principles may be used to study the flow of arterial blood under the action of an applied magnetic field. Such studies are of potential value in the treatment of cardiovascular disorders that may be associated with accelerated circulation. With an aim to providing a generalized model for studying the flow of blood in an electromagnetic field environment, a numerical model is developed here, by treating blood as a non-Newtonian fluid, the motion of which is taken to be governed by Walter's B-fluid model. The channel flow characteristics of the fluid are studied here, when the channel is porous and is subjected to an external magnetic field. Using the similarity transformation and boundary layer approximations, the associated nonlinear partial differential equations of the problem are reduced to nonlinear ordinary differential equations. These are solved numerically by developing a finite difference scheme. The study provides useful estimates for the influence of Reynolds number Re, Hartmann number M, and viscoelastic parameter K1 on the flow characteristics. It bears the potential to explore some important information about the hemodynamical flow of blood in an artery when it is under the action of an external magnetic field.
The Narrow Emission Lines of T Tauri Stars

We present the first comprehensive study of the narrow emission lines of T Tauri stars (TTS). These narrow lines have been reported in the literature as originating in the stellar atmosphere and having Gaussian-type profiles centered at the stellar rest velocity, with a base width not larger than 50 km s. Here, we concentrate on the Ca n lines XX8498, 8542, and 8662 and the helium line X5876. After applying veiling corrections, the average narrow component line emission is found to be larger than that found in active main-sequence stars: up to several times larger for classical T Tauri stars with strong rates of disk accretion. More striking is the finding that the resulting line emission strengths of these lines correlate with veiling. The correlation is confirmed on individual stars for which observations at several epochs exist and for which veiling varies widely on relatively short timescales. We also find a correlation between the narrow emission fluxes and the near-infrared excesses for stars with low levels of veiling, which includes the few weak-lined TTS of the sample. We discuss possible formation sites for the narrow emission lines in the classical TTS, and we present simple models to explain the observations. In these models, the excess line emission found for the stars with higher accretion rates is assumed to originate in localized regions near the magnetic footpoints of the accretion column. We refer to these hypothetical regions in the atmosphere collectively as the “hot chromosphere” since we assume they are additionally heated by the reprocessed energy of the colliding gas in the accretion process. Computing two chromospheric models, one representing the typical weak TTS chromosphere and the other representing the best guess at the “hot chromosphere,” we find the following. The “hot chromosphere” is characterized by a steep temperature gradient beginning at low continuum optical depths in order to give simultaneously the large observed central flux and the relatively narrow baselines ( 50-60 km s ~ ). The chromosphere temperature rise is not similar to the earlier deep chromosphere models in which a sudden chromospheric temperature rise is appended to the photosphere at relatively large mass column. For the most extreme cases (i.e., largest line fluxes), 20%, at most, of the star’s surface must be covered by “hot chromospheric” regions. Subject headings: line: profiles — stars: chromospheres — stars: emission-line, Be — stars: pre-main-sequence
Neuroactive Amino Acid Profile in Autism Spectrum Disorder: Results from a Clinical Sample

Biological bases of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) include both genetic and epigenetic causes. Patients with ASD show anomalies in the profile of certain plasma amino acids, including neuroactive amino acids. Monitoring plasma amino acids may be relevant for patient care and interventions. We evaluated the plasma amino acid profile in samples extracted from dry blood spots by electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry. Fourteen amino acids and eleven amino acid ratios were examined in patients with ASD and intellectual disability (ID), and neurotypical control subjects (TD). The amino acid profile in the ASD group showed reduced levels of ornithine (p = 0.008), phenylalanine (p = 0.042) and tyrosine (p = 0.013). The statistically significant amino acid ratios were Leu+Val/Phe+Tyr (p = 0.002), Tyr/Leu (p = 0.007) and Val/Phe (p = 0.028), such differences remaining significant only in the comparison between ASD and TD. Finally, a positive correlation emerged between the score of the restricted and repetitive behavior on ADOS-2 and the citrulline levels in the ASD group (p = 0.0047). To conclude, patients with ASD may show a distinguishable metabolic profile useful for studying their metabolic pathways in order to develop screening tests and targeted therapies.
Mapping frameworks and approaches to measuring the quality of transition support services for young people with intellectual and developmental disabilities

Transition to adulthood for young people with intellectual disabilities and developmental disabilities (IDD) has been given significant attention in research, policy development and practice. The aim of this paper was to explore how a recently developed theoretical outcomes-based framework for measuring the quality of services for people with disabilities could potentially be useful in conceptualizing and supporting successful transition to adulthood. The theoretical discussion draws on both the scoping review and template analysis that was used to develop the Service Quality Framework and on a separate study synthesizing expert completed country templates and literature review which included models of and research on successful transition to adulthood. Synthesis identified that using a quality of life outcomes focused framework of Service Quality could be mapped onto and extend current thinking on what is seen as successful transition to adulthood by putting the focus on successful transition as people with IDD moving towards having similar opportunities and quality of life as other adults without disabilities living in the same community/society. Implications of a more wide-ranging definition and holistic view for both practice and future research are discussed.
Morphological disparity and evolutionary rates of cranial and postcranial characters in sloths (Mammalia, Pilosa, Folivora)

Sloth morphological evolution has been widely studied qualitatively, with comparative anatomy and morpho‐functional approaches, or through quantitative assessments of morphological variation using morphometrics. Only recently, however, have folivoran morphological disparity and evolutionary rates begun to be evaluated using discrete character data. Nonetheless, patterns of morphological evolution in separate character partitions have not been investigated, neither the relative influence of, on the one hand, phylogeny, and on the other, dietary and locomotory adaptations of sloths. Here we evaluate those patterns using a phylomorphospace approach, quantifying morphological disparity and evolutionary rates, and investigating possible drivers of morphological evolution for cranial and postcranial characters in Folivora. The evolution of the morphology in those partitions is associated with distinct patterns of disparity among clades and ecological groups, even though the two partitions do not differ substantially in overall evolutionary tempo. Historical processes shaped the morphological evolution of sloths more consistently than ecological ones, although changes in postcranial characters also seem to be associated with locomotory adaptations, in which morphological convergences were much more common. We also discuss important methodological trade‐offs in investigations of partitioned datasets mostly composed of fossil taxa.
The Quadratic Assignment Problem

This paper presents a formulation of the quadratic assignment problem, of which the Koopmans-Beckmann formulation is a special case. Various applications for the formulation are discussed. The equivalence of the problem to a linear assignment problem with certain additional constraints is demonstrated. A method for calculating a lower bound on the cost function is presented, and this forms the basis for an algorithm to determine optimal solutions. Further generalizations to cubic, quartic, N-adic problems are considered.
Enhanced intrinsic functional connectivity in the visual system of visual artist: Implications for creativity

Introduction This study sought to elucidate the cognitive traits of visual artists (VAs) from the perspective of visual creativity and the visual system (i.e., the most fundamental neural correlate). Methods We examined the local and long-distance intrinsic functional connectivity (FC) of the visual system to unravel changes in brain traits among VAs. Twenty-seven university students majoring in visual arts and 27 non-artist controls were enrolled. Results VAs presented enhanced local FC in the right superior parietal lobule, right precuneus, left inferior temporal gyrus (ITG), left superior parietal lobule, left angular gyrus, and left middle occipital gyrus. VAs also presented enhanced FC with the ITG that targeted the visual area (occipital gyrus and cuneus), which appears to be associated with visual creativity. Discussion The visual creativity of VAs was correlated with strength of intrinsic functional connectivity in the visual system. Learning-induced neuroplasticity as a trait change observed in VAs can be attributed to the macroscopic consolidation of consociated neural circuits that are engaged over long-term training in the visual arts and aesthetic experience. The consolidated network can be regarded as virtuoso-specific neural fingerprint.
Attractors for the penalized Navier-Stokes equations

We consider the penalized form of the Navier–Stokes equations for a viscous incompressible fluid where the pressure and the incompressibility equation ${\operatorname{div}}\,u = 0$ are suppressed and replaced by a penalty term in the momentum conservation equation. In this article we study the existence of an attractor for the penalized Navier–Stokes equation, this attractor describing the long-time behaviour of the solutions. Then we let the penalty parameter tend to zero and we show how the attractors of the penalized equations approximate the attractor of the exact equations.
Existence and blow up of small amplitude nonlinear waves with a negative potential

Consider a nonlinear wave equation in three space dimensions with zero mass together with a negative potential. If the potential is sufficiently short-range, then it does not alter the global existence of small-amplitude solutions. On the other hand, if the potential is sufficiently large, it will force some solutions to blow up in a finite time.
Developments in the Understanding of Bluff Body Flows

The understanding of bluff body flows and their prediction are important in many areas of industrial development. The complex nature of these flows provides a challenge to both experimental and computational fluid dynamicists. Some of the more recent advances are reviewed, including the understanding of the near wake region and the instabilities that develop there. The role of vortex dislocations is discussed and it is shown how encouraging their formation can reduce drag. In addition to describing the improved insight that can be provided by computational fluid dynamics, the likely impact of new, non-intrusive measurement techniques is also assessed.
Polyimide-Derived Supramolecular Systems Containing Various Amounts of Azochromophore for Optical Storage Uses

The progress of digital technologies demands more speed and larger storage capacity. Optical storage systems have the advantage of being cheap, fast and capacious. This article explores the potential use of polyimide-based films as a recording medium for optical storage devices. The materials were designed through a host–guest approach that involves a cyano-containing polyimide precursor and an azochromophore combined in the following ratios: 1:0.25, 1:0.5, 1:0.75 and 1:1. After thermal treatment up to 200 °C, polyimide systems were formed with supramolecular structures constructed via hydrogen bonding as shown by molecular modeling and FTIR at around 3350 cm−1. The aspects arising from the variation of the azo-dye content in the polyimide samples and their impact on the vitrification temperature, colorimetric features, refractive index, band gap, non-linear optical susceptibility and birefringence were investigated for the first time. The thermal analysis indicated a slight decrease in the vitrification temperature from 190.84 °C for the sample without azo dye to 163.91 °C for the film containing the highest leading of azo dye. The morphology images revealed the occurrence of periodic structures in azo-derived materials exposed to a UV laser, which is accentuated by the addition of more azo dye molecules. Optical tests allowed observation of the increase in the dominant wavelength, refractivity and optical conductivity of the samples, produced by the incorporation of azochromophore and laser irradiation. The photo-generated birefringence increased from 0.014 (sample with 1:0.25) to 0.036 (sample with 1:1), which in combination with the created regular topography pattern, is essential for the use of these materials as recording media in optical storage applications.
‘It was pop that was making the bread’: Accounting and musical space at Abbey Road studios

This research considers the relationship between accounting and physical space, focusing on the creation of musical recordings within the musical and ‘magical’ space of Abbey Road Studios during the 1960s. Building on prior studies that have utilised the work of Foucault to theorise accounting's ability to contribute to making space more disciplinary, this study highlights how, at the beginning of the 1960s, accounting was part of a wider regime that rendered the non-disciplinary, musical space of the recording studio visible and controllable in order to standardise musical recording practices. As the period progressed, and against a backdrop of cultural revolution in 1960s Britain, existing rules and procedures were circumvented by musicians, producers and engineers who utilised experimental practices to create non-standardised, ‘magical’, sonic worlds. Control over the musical space of the recording studio waned and so too did accounting's ability to capture and manage the emergent creative practices.
What Drives Perceptions of Foreign News Coverage Credibility? A Cross-National Experiment Including Kazakhstan, Russia, and Ukraine

ABSTRACT Research on news credibility and susceptibility to fake news has overwhelmingly focused on individual and message-level factors explaining why people view some news items as more credible than others. We argue that the consistency of the message’s content with the dominant mainstream narrative can have a powerful explanatory capacity as well, particularly in the domain of international news. We test this hypothesis experimentally using a sample of 8,559 social media users in three post-Soviet countries. Our analyses suggest that the consistency with the dominant narrative increases the perceived credibility of foreign affairs news independently of their veracity. We also demonstrate the moderating role of international conflict, government support, and news language in some national contexts but not others. Finally, we report how the effects of these factors on credibility vary according to whether the news items are real or fabricated and discuss the societal implications of our findings.
Detection and Characterization of Alongshan Virus in Ticks and Tick Saliva from Lower Saxony, Germany with Serological Evidence for Viral Transmission to Game and Domestic Animals

The newly discovered group of Jingmenviruses has been shown to infect a wide range of hosts and has been associated with febrile illness in humans. During a survey for Jingmenviruses in ticks from Lower Saxony, Germany, Alongshan virus (ALSV) was identified in Ixodes spp. ticks. Additional virus screenings revealed the presence of ALSV in the bodies and saliva of ticks collected at several locations in Lower Saxony. Vector competence studies that included Ixodes ricinus and Dermacentor reticulatus validated the replication of ALSV within those tick species. In vitro feeding experiments with ALSV-injected Ixodes ricinus demonstrated effective viral transmission during blood feeding. To evaluate the potential viral transmission during a natural blood meal, sera from wild game and domestic animals were investigated. One serum sample from a red deer was found to be positive for ALSV RNA, while serological screenings in game and domestic animals revealed the presence of ALSV-specific antibodies at different locations in Lower Saxony. Overall, those results demonstrate the broad distribution of ALSV in ticks in Lower Saxony and hypothesize frequent exposure to animals based on serological investigations. Hence, its potential risk to human and animal health requires further investigation.
Preliminary IUPP Results: Student Reactions to In-Class Demonstrations and to the Presentation of Coherent Themes.

The methods of analysis that were applied to the information gathered during the 1991–1992 field tests of the Introductory University Physics Project are demonstrated through the study of two specific questions. The first question addresses the effectiveness of in‐class demonstrations as an aid to learning. The relative importance of demonstrations, a feature relevant to most implementations of introductory science courses, emerged from comments contributed by students in both comparison and model courses. The second question is about the effectiveness of teaching and learning an area of physics (such as mechanics) through the use of an overarching context (such as ‘‘Interplanetary Travel’’). This question was inspired by the test of a specific model, Physics in Context.
Wide-band directivity of receiving arrays

The method of maximizing the directional gain of a receiving array (heretofore useful only at a single frequency) is extended to the case of operation at a finite band width. It appears that although the directional gain of a broadside linear array for operation at a finite band width is less than that for operation at a single frequency, it is always greater, and often considerably greater, than the gain realized by use of the single‐frequency design at the finite band width. Unlike the single‐frequency design, whose directional gain falls very rapidly as the operating band width is increased from zero, the wide‐band designs operate with good gain over a wide range of band widths. This research has been aided by funds made available under a contract with the Office of Naval Research.
Martingales Defined by Reciprocals of Sums and Related Characterizations

Abstract We prove that linearly transformed inverses of cumulative sums form backward martingales for gamma, inverse Gaussian, and Kendall and Borel–Tanner sequences of independent, identically distributed random variables. Conversely, a characterization of the family of these four distributions by linearity of regression of inverses of sums is obtained. The results in both directions are derived via the technique of variance functions of natural exponential families.
We need to talk: The urgent conversation on chronic pain, mental health, prescribing patterns and the opioid crisis

The opioid crisis’ pathways from first exposure onwards to eventual illnesses and fatalities are multiple, intertwined and difficult to dissect. Here, we offer a multidisciplinary appraisal of the relationships among mental health, chronic pain, prescribing patterns worldwide and the opioid crisis. Because the opioid crisis’ toll is especially harsh on young people, emphasis is given on data regarding the younger strata of the population. Because analgesic opioid prescription constitute a recognised entry point towards misuse, opioid use disorder, and ultimately overdose, prescribing patterns across different countries are examined as a modifiable hazard factor along these pathways of risk. Psychiatrists are called to play a more compelling role in this urgent conversation, as they are uniquely placed to provide synthesis and lead action among the different fields of knowledge and care that lie at the crossroads of the opioid crisis. Psychiatrists are also ideally positioned to gauge and disseminate the foundations for diagnosis and clinical management of mental conditions associated with chronic pain, including the identification of hazardous and protective factors. It is our hope to spark more interdisciplinary exchanges and encourage psychiatrists worldwide to become leaders in an urgent conversation with interlocutors from the clinical and basic sciences, policy makers and stakeholders including clients and their families.