Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Contamination in Milk Samples Pooled From Independently Collected Quarters Within a Laboratory Setting

The primary objective of this observational study was to evaluate the prevalence of contamination from independently collected quarter-level milk samples pooled in a laboratory and subjected to bacterial culture. To address this objective, weekly quarter-level milk samples were collected longitudinally from a cohort of 503 primiparous cows from five organic dairy farms during the first 5 weeks after calving. Individual quarter milk samples were pooled in a laboratory using aseptic technique (“lab-pooled”) and subjected to bacterial culture. In the sample set of 2,006 lab-pooled milk samples, 207 (10.3%) were classified as contaminated using a standard definition (i.e., growth of three or more distinct microorganisms). Subsequent culturing of corresponding quarter-level milk samples revealed that many of the contaminated lab-pooled sample results (i.e., 46.7%) were the result of intramammary infections with different pathogens across the quarters, rather than actual contamination within any single quarter (i.e., “true contamination”). The odds of true contamination were lower when the lab-pooled sample exhibited growth of three microorganisms compared to more than 3 microorganisms. Our findings suggest that pooling of quarter samples within a laboratory setting may yield lower rates of contamination compared to those previously reported from samples composited on-farm, but that current cut-offs to define contamination may need to be evaluated for use with lab-pooled samples. Further investigation of use of lab-pooled samples may be warranted to reduce costs while still providing useful scientific insight.
PERBANDINGAN PERFORMA RESPON WAKTU KUERI MySQL, PostgreSQL, dan MongoDB

Teknologi telah mempengaruhi digitalisasi pada fungsi pekerjaan pada berbagai instansi. Pekerjaan dalam setiap fungsi kerja pada instansi dapat secara mudah dilakukan dengan adanya teknologi. Penggunaan teknologi berupa aplikasi membutuhkan sistem database untuk menyimpan data-data dan informasi pada suatu instansi. DBMS pada dasarnya terbagi menjadi 2 jenis yaitu DBMS relasional dan non-relasional. Contoh dari DBMS relasional adalah MySQL dan PostgreSQL, sedangkan DBMS non-relasional adalah MongoDB. Penelitian ini mengukur waktu yang diperlukan setiap DBMS dalam mengeksekusi query. Penelitian ini melakukan eksekusi pada berbagai skenario query, yaitu INSERT (create), SELECT (read), UPDATE (update), DELETE (delete), SUM, dan COUNT. Dataset yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini berasal dari open data website kaggle yaitu data tentang permainan catur yang terdiri dari 16 kolom dan 20.058 baris data. Hasil dari penelitian ini yaitu PostgreSQL yang paling cepat waktu respon eksekusi query dibanding DBMS lain.
Gluten Induces Subtle Histological Changes in Duodenal Mucosa of Patients with Non-Coeliac Gluten Sensitivity: A Multicentre Study

Background: Histological changes induced by gluten in the duodenal mucosa of patients with non-coeliac gluten sensitivity (NCGS) are poorly defined. Objectives: To evaluate the structural and inflammatory features of NCGS compared to controls and coeliac disease (CeD) with milder enteropathy (Marsh I-II). Methods: Well-oriented biopsies of 262 control cases with normal gastroscopy and histologic findings, 261 CeD, and 175 NCGS biopsies from 9 contributing countries were examined. Villus height (VH, in μm), crypt depth (CrD, in μm), villus-to-crypt ratios (VCR), IELs (intraepithelial lymphocytes/100 enterocytes), and other relevant histological, serologic, and demographic parameters were quantified. Results: The median VH in NCGS was significantly shorter (600, IQR: 400–705) than controls (900, IQR: 667–1112) (p < 0.001). NCGS patients with Marsh I-II had similar VH and VCR to CeD [465 µm (IQR: 390–620) vs. 427 µm (IQR: 348–569, p = 0·176)]. The VCR in NCGS with Marsh 0 was lower than controls (p < 0.001). The median IEL in NCGS with Marsh 0 was higher than controls (23.0 vs. 13.7, p < 0.001). To distinguish Marsh 0 NCGS from controls, an IEL cut-off of 14 showed 79% sensitivity and 55% specificity. IEL densities in Marsh I-II NCGS and CeD groups were similar. Conclusion: NCGS duodenal mucosa exhibits distinctive changes consistent with an intestinal response to luminal antigens, even at the Marsh 0 stage of villus architecture.
Lightweight Inception Networks for the Recognition and Detection of Rice Plant Diseases

Deep learning is a hot research topic in image processing and computer vision. It has been employed in many fields owing to the excellent performance. However, so far, deep learning methods have been rarely applied in the task of plant disease recognition, except that some existing work focuses on it from a public dataset of images zoomed on plant leaves. The main reasons behind the limited usage of deep learning models in plant disease recognition include: the large volume of deep learning models, which is difficult to deploy on embedded systems, the great computational complexity, which requires large memory overhead, the complex backgrounds of experimental materials, which are hard to train an efficient model, and others. To address these challenges, the paper proposes a valid lightweight network architecture, namely MobInc-Net, to perform the crop disease recognition and detection. In this study, the Inception module was enhanced by replacing the original convolutions with depth-wise and point-wise convolutions, and then the modified Inception (M-Inception) module paired with the pre-trained MobileNet was chosen as the backbone extractor to extract high-quality image features. After that, the completely linked Softmax layer with the actual number of categories and the SSD block were separately added behind the foundation network for classifying and detecting crop disease types. To train an efficient model, the two-stage transfer learning was applied in the model training. Experimental findings show that the proposed method can attain the desired performance with an average recognition accuracy of 99.21% on the public dataset and 97.89% on the local dataset.
A novel PMT test system based on waveform sampling

Comparing with the traditional test system based on a QDC and TDC and scaler, a test system based on waveform sampling is constructed for signal sampling of the 8”R5912 and the 20”R12860 Hamamatsu PMT in different energy states from single to multiple photoelectrons. In order to achieve high throughput and to reduce the dead time in data processing, the data acquisition software based on LabVIEW is developed and runs with a parallel mechanism. The analysis algorithm is realized in LabVIEW and the spectra of charge, amplitude, signal width and rising time are analyzed offline. The results from Charge-to-Digital Converter, Time-to-Digital Converter and waveform sampling are discussed in detailed comparison.
Consideration of Light Level in Specifying Light Source Color Rendition

ABSTRACT In lighting practice, light level is seldom considered when specifying light source color rendition. Many past studies found that sources that can enhance color saturation within a certain range, especially for red colors, were preferred, but the experiments were typically carried out with an illuminance between 200 and 500 lx and the illuminance was seldom varied in individual studies. This article reports a psychophysical study that was designed to test whether illuminance affected color preference. Four nearly metameric stimuli with a correlated color temperature (CCT) around 3000 K and a Duv of −0.005 were produced to illuminate an oil painting at two illuminance levels (that is, 20 and 500 lx). These four stimuli were carefully designed to cover a range of relative gamut (that is, IES Rg) from 100 to 125 and enhance the saturation of red and green colors (that is, Rcs,h1 and Rcs,h8). Observers compared pairs of light stimuli at a same illuminance level in a sequential mode and selected the one under which he or she preferred the color appearance of the painting. It was found that the Rg of the most preferred stimulus decreased as the illuminance increased. The stimulus with an Rg ≈ 117 was the most preferred at 20 lx, whereas the one with an Rg ≈ 100 was the most preferred at 500 lx. The interaction between illuminance and saturation enhancement caused by the stimuli with larger gamut areas revealed the importance of considering illuminance when specifying light source color rendition, especially when an application requires a low light level and good color rendition.
In Vitro Comparison of Three Intraoral Scanners for Implant—Supported Dental Prostheses

With continuing technological developments, there have been advances in the field of fixed prosthetics, particularly in impression-taking techniques. These technological advances mean that a wide variety of diagnostic and/or rehabilitation possibilities can be explored without the need for physical models. The aim of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of three intraoral scanners used in oral implant rehabilitation using an extraoral scanner as a reference and varying the scanning area. Three models representing different clinical scenarios were scanned 15 times by each intraoral scanner and three times by the extraoral scanner. The readings were analyzed and overlaid using engineering software (Geomagic® Control X software (Artec Europe, Luxembourg)). Statistically significant differences in accuracy were found between the three intraoral scanners, iTero® (Align Technology Inc., San Jose, CA, USA), Medit® (Medit®: Seoul, Korea), and Planmeca® (Planmeca®: Helsinki, Finland). In all clinical scenarios, the iTero® scanner had the best trueness (24.4 μm), followed by the Medit® (26.4 μm) and Planmeca® (42.1 μm). The Medit® showed the best precision (18.00 μm) followed by the iTero® (19.20 μm) and Planmeca® (34.30 μm). We concluded that the iTero® scanner had the highest reproducibility and accuracy in the clinical setting.
From Soundwave to Soundscape: A Guide to Acoustic Research in Captive Animal Environments

Sound is a complex feature of all environments, but captive animals' soundscapes (acoustic scenes) have been studied far less than those of wild animals. Furthermore, research across farms, laboratories, pet shelters, and zoos tends to focus on just one aspect of environmental sound measurement: its pressure level or intensity (in decibels). We review the state of the art of captive animal acoustic research and contrast this to the wild, highlighting new opportunities for the former to learn from the latter. We begin with a primer on sound, aimed at captive researchers and animal caregivers with an interest (rather than specific expertise) in acoustics. Then, we summarize animal acoustic research broadly split into measuring sound from animals, or their environment. We guide readers from soundwave to soundscape and through the burgeoning field of conservation technology, which offers new methods to capture multiple features of complex, gestalt soundscapes. Our review ends with suggestions for future research, and a practical guide to sound measurement in captive environments.
Numerical simulation of space charge in XLPE DC cable under temperature gradient

High voltage direct current (HVDC) transmission can solve the problem of sustainable energy integration, and it is the key link to realize low-carbon power energy supply. However, under DC electric field, the insulation layer of XLPE high voltage DC cable will accumulate space charge, which will distort the local electric field and reduce the service life of the cables. Besides, the temperature gradient formed in the insulation layer of DC cable in operation will also affect the distribution of space charge. Therefore, it is significant to explore the relationship between the temperature gradient and the distribution of space charge in the insulation layer. In this paper, different temperature gradients were set based on the bipolar carrier transport model, the influences of temperature gradient on the distribution of space charge and field strength were researched. The relationships between the temperature gradient and the charge characteristics (carrier extraction limitation and the heteropolar charges generation) are discussed. The results show that the main reason for the generation of heteropolar charges is that the limit of carrier extraction, and the temperature gradient can promote the transport process of homopolar charges on the high-temperature side, thus increasing the accumulation of heteropolar charges on the low-temperature side and further aggravating the distortion of the electric field.
Rendez-Vous Based Drift Diagnosis Algorithm for Sensor Networks Toward In Situ Calibration

In recent years, low-cost sensors have raised strong interest for environmental monitoring applications. These instruments often suffer from degraded data quality. Notably, they are prone to drift. It can be mitigated with costly periodic calibrations. To reduce this cost, in situ calibration strategies have emerged, enabling the recalibration of instruments while leaving them in the field. However, they rarely identify which instruments actually need a calibration because of drift, so that in situ calibration may instead degrade performances. Therefore, a novel drift detection algorithm is presented in this work, exploiting the concept of rendez-vous between measuring instruments. Its originality lies mainly in the comparisons of values determining the state of the instruments, for which the quality of the measurement results is taken into account. It defines the concept of compatibility between measurement results. A case study is developed, showing an accuracy of 88% for correct detection of drifting instruments. The results of the diagnosis algorithm are then combined with calibration approaches. Results show a significant improvement of the measurement results. Notably, an increase of 15% of the coefficient of determination of the linear regression between their true values and the measured values is observed with the correction and the error on the slope and on the intercept respectively is reduced by 50% and 60% at least. Note to Practitioners—In this paper, we investigate the problem of drift detection in sensor networks. This work was motivated by the fact that faulty nodes are rarely detected in existing in situ calibration algorithm prior to the correction of the instruments. Moreover, existing fault diagnosis algorithms for sensor networks do not specifically target drift and are often applicable to either (dense) static or mobile sensor networks but not both. We propose an algorithm designed for the detection of drift faults regardless of the type of sensor network and of the measurand. Specific attention is paid to the metrological quality of the measurement results used to carry out the diagnosis. The output of the algorithm provides information that can be exploited for the recalibration of faulty instruments. In future work, we will aim at providing tools and recommendations for the adjusment of the parameters of the diagnosis algorithm but also more elaborated approaches based on the results of our diagnosis algorithm to calibrate faulty nodes.
Self-determination mini-theories in second language learning: A systematic review of three decades of research

Self-determination theory is one of the most established motivational theories both within second language learning and beyond. This theory has generated several mini-theories, namely: organismic integration theory, cognitive evaluation theory, basic psychological needs theory, goal contents theory, causality orientations theory, and relationships motivation theory. After providing an up-to-date account of these mini-theories, we present the results of a systematic review of empirical second language research into self-determination theory over a 30-year period ( k = 111). Our analysis of studies in this report pool showed that some mini-theories were well-represented while others were underrepresented or absent from the literature. We also examined this report pool to note trends in research design, operationalization, measurement, and application of self-determination theory constructs. Based on our results, we highlight directions for future research in relation to theory and practice.
Development of Cuerna yuccae Oman & Beamer, 1944 (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) on Joshua trees after summer rainfall

Cuerna yuccae Oman & Beamer, 1944 (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) is a leafhopper found primarily on Joshua trees, Yucca brevifolia Engelmann (Asparagaceae), but also reported on other species of Yucca (Oman & Beamer 1944, Nielson 1965). Cuerna includes 25 species distributed across North and Central America with most species in the western United States (Krishnankutty et al. 2015). The genus is in the tribe Proconiini in the subfamily Cicadellinae, or sharpshooters, medium to large leafhoppers known for their active and evasive behavior. Female C. yuccae are 7.2–8.0 mm in length, and both sexes are gray or black with yellow spots on the head, pronotum, and scutellum and reddish forewings (Fig. 1, Nielson 1965, Krishnankutty et al. 2015). Yucca brevifolia is an arborescent monocot that can reach 12 m in height and is found at elevations of 600–1500 m in southern Nevada and adjacent southern California, western Arizona, and southwestern Utah (Webber 1953, Benson & Darrow 1981). The plants’ thick, branching stems terminate in rosettes of narrow, 15–35 cm long stiff and pointed leaves (Fig. 1). Adult C. yuccae have been collected across the range of Y. brevifolia from April to October (Nielson 1965), and I have also found adults in southern Nevada during December, February, and March. The life cycle of C. yuccae has not been described. All North American leafhoppers develop through the stages of egg, five nymphal instars, and adult (Oman 1949). Nielson & May (1975) reported the life stages and development times of Cuerna arida
The Effect of Safety Leadership on Safety Participation of Employee: A Meta-Analysis

Recently, the promotion of safety participation (SP) has become a hot spot in behavioral safety research and safety management practice. To explore the relationship between safety leadership (SL) and SP, a theoretical model was established and 33 articles (35 independent samples) on work safety from 2000 to 2021 were selected for a meta-analysis. By evaluating the impact of SL, which incorporates transformational, transactional, and passive leadership styles, on work safety. The results show that SL has a positive impact on both safety climate (SC) and SP. Both safety transactional leadership (STAL) and safety transformational leadership (STFL) positively impact SP, and the impact of STFL is greater, while safety passive leadership (SPL) has no impact on SP. The study establishes that SC plays a partial mediating role between transformational SL and employee SP. Under the condition of a developed economic level or high-risk industry, SL indicated a greater influence on SP. Hence, it is recommended that when enhancing the SP of employees, the influence of the macro environment and SC should not be undermined.
Microstructural Evolution, Tensile Failure, Fatigue Behavior and Wear Properties of Al2O3 Reinforced Al2014 Alloy T6 Heat Treated Metal Composites

The paper focused on an experimental study on the microstructural, mechanical, and wear characteristics of 15 wt. % alumina (Al2O3) particulates with an average particle size of 20 µm, reinforced in Al2014 alloy matrix composite as-cast and heat-treated samples. The metal matrix composite (MMC)samples were produced via a novel two-stage stir-casting technique. The fabricated composite samples were subjected to evaluate hardness, tensile strength, fatigue behavior and wear properties for both as cast and T6 heat-treated test samples. The Al2014 alloy and Al2014-15 wt. % Al2O3 MMCs were in solution for 1 h at a temperature of 525 °C, quenched instantly in cold water, and then artificially aged for 10 h at a temperature of 175 °C. SEM and X-ray diffraction analyses were used to investigate the microstructure and dispersion of the reinforced Al2O3 particles in the composite and the base alloy Al2014. The obtained results indicated that the hardness, tensile and fatigue strength and wear resistance increased when an amount of Al2O3 particles was added, compared to the as-cast Al2014 alloy and it was observed that after subjecting the same composite samples to heat treatment, there was further enhancement in the mechanical and wear properties in the Al2014 matrix alloy and Al2014-15 wt. % Al2O3 composite samples.
Fog type classification using a modified Richardson number for Christchurch, New Zealand

Situated on a coastal plain between the Southern Alps and Banks Peninsula, Christchurch, New Zealand, experiences around 49 fog days every year. Given its complex topography, accurate fog forecasting is difficult at Christchurch International Airport (CHA). Climatological analysis of local fog events is an important first step to gain insight into the processes involved in the fog lifecycle. In this study, fog events were identified using 12 years of meteorological observations from an automatic weather station situated at CHA. A novel fog type classification method was developed using the modified Richardson number (MRi). The MRi fog type classification method assesses the local dynamic stability of a 1.25 m shallow layer of near‐surface air. Here, the MRi is used as a quantitative index to classify advection fog, advection–radiation fog, and radiation fog. Vertical gradients of air temperature and wind speed were derived for prefog and fog periods, and a number of criteria were applied to the MRi for the fog type classification. The fog type classification results were examined in correspondence with the derived fog intensity, duration, diurnal and seasonal variability of frequency of occurrences, and synoptic and local wind flows. In agreement with other fog studies across the world, fog occurs most frequently during local winter and spring. Radiation fog is the predominant type of fog identified at CHA, and its formation and development usually coincide with the local drainage northwesterlies. This study is the first to use long‐term observational data to investigate the fog climatology and typology at CHA in detail. The fog climatological characteristics presented in this study will serve as the basis of future fog studies in Christchurch. The presented MRi fog type classification method can potentially be used in fog characteristic studies worldwide.
An integrated method for massive production of graphene from bituminous coal via ultrasonication-assisted emulsion formation

ABSTRACT Up to date, various methods of graphene production have been rapidly developed for a range of applications. However, large-scale production with low cost is still desired. The chemical exfoliation route is expected to be the best alternative although there are still many aspects that can be further improved, for example, raw materials. Instead of using graphite, bituminous coal is a better candidate to be used as the raw material for synthesizing graphene because it is cheap and abundant. Moreover, the use of coal is only limited to the electricity purpose. In this study, a new chemical exfoliation method followed by thermal reduction was explored to fabricate graphene from bituminous coal. This method involves ultrasonication-assisted emulsion formation for separation to remove the remaining residual coal. As a result, 0.9 wt% of bituminous coal could be exfoliated with graphene. Based on several characterization techniques, coal-derived graphene produced from this integrated method has competitive qualities compared to graphite-derived graphene.