Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A review of disasters in Jammu and Kashmir, and Ladakh region in India

India has always been a disaster-prone country, with multiple states afflicted by different types of disasters. The impact of these disasters is exacerbated when an area is prone to multiple types of disasters. This study attempts to understand the impact of natural and man-made disasters on the people of Jammu and Kashmir (J&K) and Ladakh region in India as well as it also examines the resilience mechanisms adopted by the people, and identifies measures taken by the government in response to these disasters. To understand these disasters’ dynamics, we conducted both offline and online desk reviews for this study. The review suggests that J&K and Ladakh region is afflicted not only by multiple natural disasters such as floods, earthquakes, avalanches, and landslides but also by the terrorism and violence, which has caused unparalleled death and destruction. These natural and man-made disasters have adversely affected most aspects of life and development in the region. To mitigate the risks, effective disaster risk reduction and management systems, early warning systems and infrastructure need to be strengthened. In addition, community engagement needs to be enhanced with the goal of addressing the grievances of the population and engaging them in the design and implementation of sustainable development programs.
Improving the Efficiency of Herbicides by Adding Mineral Oil on Maize (Zea mays L.) Crop and Associated Weeds

A FIELD experiment was conducted during 2018 and 2019 seasons, at Sakha Agricultural Research Station, Kaferelshiekh, Egypt. To study the efficacy certain herbicides [Nicosulfuron (Shamshon 75%WG), Flumetsulam (Candy 80%WG), Bromoxynil+ Terbuthylazine (Monester 35%SE) and Nicosulfuron+ Bromoxynil (Scrop 75%WG)] at full rate (alone) (30g, 30g, 500cm3 and 120g /fed.), respectively, and at used rate (75 or 50%) of full rate mixtures with mineral oil at 1 and 2%, beside, Maisterpower 4.53% OD (Foramsulfuron-sodium+ Iodosulfuron-methyl-sodium+ Thiencarbazone-methyl) at full rate (alone) 500cm3/fed. , (fed= feddan=0.42 hectare), hand hoeing (twice) and weedy check on weed control, productivity and grain quality. Each experiment was laid out a Randomized Complete Blocks Design.Results revealed that both (Monester and Scrop) at used rate 75%+ min.oil 1% or Maister power at full rate gave more controlling effect on total weeds which was reflected to increase yield and its components, than other treatments in both seasons. Also, previous treatments gave increasing grain yield which was directly correlated with increasing vegetative growth traits, yield components and quality characters of grains compared to other treatments in both seasons.Results indicated that the herbicide and adjuvants selected and relative amount used both of them must be tailored to specific condition of each application, therefore, it could replace the two herbicides (Monester or Scrop) at used rate 75% with min.oil 1% by Maister power at the full rate (alone), to avoid the appearance development weeds-resistant to herbicide, beside, without loosing weed control efficiency and grain yield, its components and quality in maize.
Monoplex Nested and Semi-nested Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction for G and P Genotyping of Human Rotavirus Group A in Clinical Specimens and Environmental Samples

Rotaviruses belong to the genus Rotavirus within the Reoviridae family and its genome consists of eleven dsRNA segments. These viruses are distinct in that their segmented genome undergoes reassortment during replication.1 According to the classification system based on the gene sequence of VP6 an inner capsid protein, rotaviruses are currently categorized into nine groups (A-I). 2 Rotavirus group A is a major etiologic agent of acute gastroenteritis in children under 5 years of age and is associated annually with approximately 215,000 deaths worldwide.3 Rotaviruses group A are classified based on the molecular characterization of the two outer capsid proteins, VP7 (glycoprotein) and VP4 (protease-sensitive) into different G and P genotypes respectively.4 At least 36 G genotypes and 51 P genotypes of group A rotavirus had been reported to cause . ABSTRACT
The effect of positional release technique on upper trapezius myofascial trigger points: A case series

Objective: This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of the Positional Release Therapy (PRT) for treating Myofascial Trigger Points (MTrPs) in the upper trapezius muscle on outcomes of pain, Range of Motion (ROM) and disability. Methods: Twenty-one patients of mean age 29±12.48 years were screened for inclusion/exclusion criteria. The PRT was administered three times a week for 4 weeks. The verbal Numerical Pain Rating scale (NPRS), active cervical contralateral flexion (ACLF) and Neck Disability Index (NDI) were recorded at baseline, 2 and 4 weeks. Descriptive statistics in the form of mean and standard deviation were used to analyze the data. Results and Conclusion: Increase in ROM and alleviated levels of pain and disability were noted in all participants post treatment. This case series suggests that a short-term manual therapy technique, such as the PRT would be beneficial in treating individuals with upper trapezius TrPs.
The efficacy of using mobile applications in changing adolescent girls’ physical activity behaviour during weekends

Smartphones are omnipresent and offer real-time information on the go. Predominantly, adolescent girls have been found to be engaged in levels of physical activity (PA) below the daily recommended guideline of at least 60 minutes of moderate-to-vigorous intensity, and especially during weekends. Lack of sufficient PA can lead to a risk of contracting non-communicable diseases. The purpose of this exploratory study was to investigate the efficacy of using mobile applications (app) (i.e. MapMyFitness [MMF]) in changing adolescent girls’ PA behaviour during weekends. It also examined the perceived benefits, challenges and recommendations for using mobile apps. Thirty-six participants aged 15 years (Mage = 14.9; SD = 0.30) from a convenience sample volunteered and took part in the present study, which spanned four weekends. Quantitative results showed a significant difference in the mean step count between experimental and control groups during week two, probably due to the novelty effect when the participants were introduced to the new MMF mobile app. Overall, the use of the MMF app seems to be able to attenuate the decline of adolescent girls’ PA level during weekends. Qualitative results revealed benefits of using mobile apps to promote PA, such as a sense of autonomy in selecting PA, the ability to view friends’ postings of PA and self-monitoring of PA. The study revealed specific challenges to using such PA mobile apps - in particular, factors such as the cumbersome and confusing functions in the app that discouraged users from performing PA. Recommendations included allowing users to customise their accounts, simplifying the app’s functions, and including rewards and videos as motivators to enhance users’ PA experience. Although mobile apps may have the potential to encourage participation in PA, a careful selection of mobile app functions is required to engage adolescent girls to continue to use it for PA.
Examining the Factors that Determine the Behavioural Intention of E-Travel Sites in Egypt

The main purpose of this study is to explore external variables that influence perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use and in turn influence the behaviour intentions of e-travel sites in Egypt. The study is based on the original TAM constructs and postulated relationships. The study hypothesized that four external variablesrelevant information content, information quality, functionality and perceived risk of e-travel sites influence perceptions of usefulness and ease of use, which in turn affect behavioural intention to use the site. The findings of this study contribute to enriching our understanding of how tourists evaluate e-travel sites and the factors affecting their decisions to use it in Egypt. Eventually, developing high-quality etravel sites will not only improve the tourist’s knowledge and experience of the destination, but also enhance its innovative and creative image among potential and actual tourists.
BIOCHEMICAL AND GENETIC BASES OF RESISTANCE

This study was conducted at Rice Research & Training Center, Sakha, Kafr ElSheikh, Egypt during 2007, 2008 and 2009 growing seasons. Seventeen genotypes were used including three CMS lines, three restorers, nine hybrids and two Egyptian checks (Egyptian yasmine as a highly susceptible and Sakha 101 as a resistant genotype) and grown in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The main objective of this study is to identify the genetical and biochemical bases of rice resistance against rice stem borer. The results revealed that the high values of infestation were detected in rice genotypes having low phosphorus, dry matter and silica contents. In contrast, the genotypes that showed low infestation had the highest contents of phosphorus, dry matter and silica. On the other hand, potassium, pH values and plant moisture contents were positively correlated with the infested stems. The estimate of variance due GCA was higher than that due to SCA for all traits suggesting greater importance of additive genetic variance. However, breeders and entomologists should select rice entries with high silica, phosphorus and dry matter contents to reduce feeding capacity of stem borer larva.
The quick death of a lake: human impact on Lake Tresssee (N Germany) during the last 6000 years – an approach using pollen, Cladocera and sedimentology

Human-induced fluctuation of lake levels has been a common phenomenon in Europe since Neolithic times. At present, Lake Tresssee is a eutrophic lake covering less than 5 ha in northern Germany, but its sudden shrinking from ~125 ha before 1800 is considered a consequence of anthropogenic lowering of the lake level. We investigated the history of anthropogenic vegetation changes and water level fluctuations by multiproxy studies of a 4 m core from the former lake area. Our analyses of pollen and Cladocera subfossil, chemistry and sedimentological features yielded important conclusions about interactions between land-use history and climate impacts on the lake and its surroundings. The results indicate that the highest lake level persisted until the Late Atlantic. Since the Subboreal there have been several fluctuations, mostly in consequence of climate impacts. Later, different phases of sediment input to the lake from tributary streams and probably also from aeolian processes from an adjacent dune field were observed. At ~2800 BC the sedimentation rate decreased in consequence of fluvial impacts, as the lake basin was nearly filled up with deposits. As a result of greater human impacts, from the Early Bronze Age the macrophyte zone expanded in the lake, the oxygen content of the water continuously decreased, and heathlands developed in the surroundings. From the Late Iron Age and in the Early Medieval, pollutants probably from ironworks are detectable by geochemical analyses in the corresponding segments. In the pollen diagram the Migration Period is clearly visible, but the suggested radiocarbon date is younger than in Lake Belau in the neighboring region of Schleswig-Holstein. Most probably our pollen diagram did not register the absolute maximum values of Fagus related to the Migration Period. From the Early Medieval a clear phase of resettlement occurs. Since the Early Modern period, the lake level has shrunk rapidly in consequence of historically documented human activity.
Ethical Intercultural Communication between the Western World and China

Culture is the cumulative deposit of knowledge, traditions, beliefs acquired by a human community in the course of generations: ethics is one of the most important of such beliefs. As for the intercultural communication, the discipline which studies a cultural dialogue about various issues across different communities, since the eighties of the last century it has been the object of various theories, based on experimental data collections: among them the „Values Orientation Theory‟ by F.R. Kluckhohn and F. Strodtbeck, the „Cultural Dimensions Theory‟ by G. Hofstede and the „Theory of Basic Values‟ by S.H. Schwartz. One of the goals of this Conflicts of interest: None Funding: YES paper is to give a closer look at those theories. In the same period of time an „ethical turn‟ manifested itself in western literary studies, after a long period of post-modernist disengagement, by initiative of J. Gardner, M. C. Nussbaum and J. Habermas, among others: the same happened in China in the eve of the new millennium, owing to the studies on comparative literature by Nie
Brucellosis and Associated Risk Factors Analysis in Serum Sample of Bovines

1 Department of Veterinary Public Health, 3 Department of Veterinary Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhayay Pashu Chikitsa Vigyan Vishvidhyalaya Ewam Go-Anusandhan Sansthan (DUVASU), Mathura, 281001, Uttar Pradesh, India 2 Department of Veterinary Gynaecology& Obstetrics, Apollo College of Veterinary Medicine, Rajasthan University of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, (RAJUVAS), Jaipur, 302031, Rajasthan India
Demographics, Wealth, and Global Imbalances in the Twenty-First Century

We use a sufficient statistic approach to quantify the general equilibrium effects of population aging on wealth accumulation, expected asset returns, and global imbalances. Combining population forecasts with household survey data from 25 countries, we measure the compositional effect of aging: how a changing age distribution affects wealth-to-GDP, holding the age profiles of assets and labor income fixed. In a baseline overlapping generations model this statistic, in conjunction with cross-sectional information and two standard macro parameters, pins down general equilibrium outcomes. Since the compositional effect is positive, large, and heterogeneous across countries, our model predicts that population aging will increase wealth-to- GDP ratios, lower asset returns, and widen global imbalances through the twenty-first century. These conclusions extend to a richer model in which bequests, individual savings, and the tax-and-transfer system all respond to demographic change. Institutional subscribers to the NBER working paper series, and residents of developing countries may download this paper without additional charge at www.nber. org.
Strict Liability for Medical Injuries

Policy makers and academics have long debated the existence and extent of defensive medicine in the face of medical malpractice liability pressure. In this paper, I investigate how physicians’ test-ordering behavior and propensity to perform cesarean sections were affected first by a series of court rulings in Taiwan that increased physicians’ liability risks, and then by a subsequent amendment to the law that reversed the courts’ rulings. I find that physicians faced with higher malpractice pressure increased laboratory tests as expected but unexpectedly reduced cesarean sections. The reduction in cesarean deliveries may be due to the fact that liability risks were more closely aligned with physicians’ standard of care after the court rulings. After the law was amended to negate the court decisions, physicians reversed their previous behavior, reducing laboratory tests and increasing cesarean deliveries. This pattern of behavior strongly suggests that physicians in Taiwan practice defensive medicine. *I am grateful for the many helpful comments and suggestions from Karen Eggleston, Chun-Yuh Yang, Jason Snyder, Jenny Kuan, Dan Ho, and the fellows and scholars at the Asia Health Policy Program at the Shorenstein Center at Stanford University. This study is based in part on data from Taiwan’s National Health Insurance Research Database, provided by the Bureau of National Health Insurance at the Department of Health and managed by the National Health Research Institutes. The interpretation and conclusions contained herein do not represent those of the Bureau of National Health Insurance, Department of Health, or National Health Research Institutes.
Protected AIS: A Demonstration of Capability Scheme to Provide Authentication and Message Integrity

: The Automatic Identification System (AIS) provides situational awareness for vessels at sea. AIS has a number of known security vulnerabilities that can lead to a several types of attacks on AIS, including the ability to create ghost vessels, false warning or meteorological messages, or bogus virtual aids-to-navigation (AtoN). A number of methods, with varying levels of complexity, have been proposed to better secure AIS and, indeed, emerging AIS protocols will implement some of these mechanisms. Nevertheless, little has been done to secure the current standards, which will remain in use for some time. This paper presents Protected AIS (pAIS), a demonstration of capability implementation using public-key cryptography methods to address several AIS security vulnerabilities, maintain backward compatibility, and be able to interoperate with non-pAIS devices.
Attendance at a Sage Grouse Lek: Implications for Spring Censuses

Numbers of adult male sage grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus) increased between early March and late April-early May. Yearling cocks began attending in numbers when female numbers peaked in early April. Hens stayed for shorter daily and seasonal periods than cocks did. Data on seasonal and daily attendance confirm the validity of the Patterson census technique, but suggest that it is more restrictive than necessary. Peak numbers of cocks can be estimated to within 90 percent by the highest of 3 counts between 1/ hour before and 11/2 hours after sunrise during the first 3 or the second and third weeks after the peak of breeding. J. WILDL. MANAGE. 42(1):46-52 The daily activities of sage grouse during the period of the lek have not been carefully documented (Johnsgard 1973:165). Biologists census sage grouse in the early dawn hours during the mating season and are well aware of the general pattern of predawn arrival of cocks on the arena and their departure soon after sunrise. Although the basic spring census technique takes daily activity of the grouse into account, precise data on lek arrival and departure times throughout the breeding season are not available. From 1969 to 1971 we conducted a detailed study of male sage grouse on a lek in central Montana (Hartzler 1972). In order to interpret the significance of male behavior, we also studied the arrival and departure times of the birds during both morning and evening lek periods throughout each season. This is an important aspect of sage grouse biology, and also provides the basis for the proper timing (both daily and seasonal) of spring censuses. These data allow us to test statistically the validity of the widely used Patterson census techniques (Patterson 1952). The term arena is restricted to the place where the grouse display while the term lek refers to birds gathered on the arena, or to the birds and the arena collectively (Koivisto 1965).
Political Decisionmaking at the National Labor Relations Board: An Empirical Examination of the Board’s Unfair Labor Practice Decisions through the Clinton and Bush

Are the members of multi-member adjudicatory bodies at “independent agencies” motivated by partisan ideology in their vote choices? In studying the federal circuit courts of appeals, scholars have found that results of cases vary depending upon the partisan composition of the particular panel hearing a case. However, to date, few have systematically studied whether partisan panel effects occur in administrative adjudication. In this paper, I explore the role that partisan ideology and panel composition have in impacting the vote choices of one of the administrative agencies rumored to be one of the most partisan– the National Labor Relations Board (“NLRB”). Employing an original dataset of almost 3,000 NLRB decisions from the Clinton and Bush years (1993-2007), this paper presents one of the few recent studies of voting patterns at the NLRB on unfair labor practice disputes. I find that the propensity of a panel reaching a decision that favors labor increases monotonically with each additional Democrat added to the panel during much of the time frames under study. I also find that the partisanship effect is unbalanced, meaning that the addition of a single Democrat to an otherwise Republican panel increases the propensity to vote in labor’s favor more so than the addition of a Republican to an otherwise Democratic panel. Homogenous Republican panels – increasingly prevalent in recent years –behave in especially partisan ways. I further find that political actors – such as the Congress, the President and the appellate courts – fail to have a direct impact on NLRB unfair labor practice decisions; rather, the decision of the lower court Administrative Law Judge (“ALJ”) and the partisan composition of the Board have the most impact in influencing whether the NLRB rules for or against labor. These findings have significant implications for a number of controversies, including debates about agency independence as well as questions concerning political diversity on multi-member adjudicatory bodies.
SERVICE QUALITY IN MALINDI ’ S TOURISM

Address correspondence to Wanjohi Kibicho, MOI University, Department of Tourism P.O Box 3692, Eldoret, Kenya. Tel: (+254) 734-443501/720-6884387, Fax: (+254) 321-63133/63257.E-mail: kibichowanjohi@yahoo.co.uk This study is an attempt to investigate the tourism service quality in Malindi, Kenya. It is based on a fieldwork research carried out in October through December 2000. SERVQUAL model was used in generation of questionnaires which were the primary tools for data collection. The study results suggest that, the performance-based measures of service quality can be used to provide an index of the quality perceptions of a tourist destination’s service providers. It provides insightful and meaningful information about tourists’ perceptions of a particular service. This study, for instance, found that beach operators, informal micro-entrepreneurs, play an important role in the overall tourism service quality in Malindi.
Optimization of soot deposition by high-temperature prepolarization of a resistive particulate matter sensor

Abstract. For the purposes of the onboard diagnosis (OBD) of diesel particulate filters (DPFs) in diesel exhaust treatment systems, a particulate matter (PM) sensor is applied downstream from the DPFs to detect small amounts of diesel soot that passed through the filter. The state-of-the-art technology is a sensor based on the resistive measurement principle, i.e., charged soot particles are attracted by electrophoretic forces, deposited on an interdigital electrode (IDE) structure and conductive soot bridges that reduce the overall resistance are formed. This paper reports how the response time of a resistively working particulate matter sensor can be shortened up to 30 % by the optimization of soot deposition that is initiated by a change in the sensor operation strategy. The measurement voltage is applied for prepolarization during the sensor regeneration phase rather than during the cooling phase before the measurement is commonly done. Experiments were performed at diesel engine test benches to examine this context and simulations of the electric field above and below the IDE structure. The data are used to deduct a model, including the solid state chemistry of the sensor's ceramic materials, the effect of impurities on the electric field properties and the interconnection with the soot deposition, which defines the sensor's response.