Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Rtt109 promotes nucleosome replacement ahead of the replication fork

DNA replication perturbs chromatin by triggering the eviction, replacement and incorporation of nucleosomes. How this dynamic is orchestrated in time and space is poorly understood. Here, we apply a recently established sensor for histone exchange to follow the time-resolved histone H3 exchange profile in budding yeast cells undergoing synchronous replication. We find that new histones are incorporated not only behind, but also ahead of the replication fork. We provide evidence that Rtt109, the S phase-specific acetyltransferase, stabilizes nucleosomes behind the fork, but promotes H3 replacement ahead of the fork. Unexpectedly, increased replacement ahead of the fork is independent of the primary Rtt109 acetylation target H3K56, and rather results from Rtt109 activity towards the H3 N-terminus. Our results suggest that selective incorporation of differentially modified H3s behind and ahead of the replication fork results in opposing effects on histone exchange, which may contribute to genome stability by overcoming replication-associated challenges.
Depletion of the RNA-binding protein PURA triggers changes in posttranscriptional gene regulation and loss of P-bodies

The RNA-binding protein PURA has been implicated in the rare, monogenetic, neurodevelopmental disorder PURA Syndrome. PURA binds both DNA and RNA and has been associated with various cellular functions. Only little is known about its main cellular roles and the molecular pathways affected upon PURA depletion. Here, we show that PURA is predominantly located in the cytoplasm, where it binds to thousands of mRNAs. Many of these transcripts change abundance in response to PURA depletion. The encoded proteins suggest a role for PURA in immune responses, mitochondrial function, autophagy and processing (P)-body activity. Intriguingly, reduced PURA levels decrease the expression of the integral P-body components LSM14A and DDX6 and strongly affect P-body formation in human cells. Furthermore, PURA knockdown results in stabilization of P-body-enriched transcripts, whereas other mRNAs decrease. Hence, reduced PURA levels, as reported in patients with PURA Syndrome, influence the formation and composition of this phase-separated RNA processing machinery. Our study proposes PURA Syndrome as a new model to study the tight connection between P-body-associated RNA regulation and neurodevelopmental disorders. Graphical Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 ORF6 disrupts innate immune signalling by inhibiting cellular mRNA export

SARS-CoV-2 is a betacoronavirus and the etiological agent of COVID-19, a devastating infectious disease. Due to its far-reaching effect on human health, there is an urgent and growing need to understand the viral molecular biology of SARS-CoV-2 and its interaction with the host cell. SARS-CoV-2 encodes 9 predicted accessory proteins, which are presumed to be dispensable for in vitro replication, most likely having a role in modulating the host cell environment to aid viral replication. Here we show that the ORF6 accessory protein interacts with cellular Rae1 to inhibit cellular protein production by blocking mRNA export. We utilised cell fractionation coupled with mRNAseq to explore which cellular mRNA species are affected by ORF6 expression and show that ORF6 can inhibit the export of many mRNA including those encoding antiviral factors such as IRF1 and RIG-I. We also show that export of these mRNA is blocked in the context of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Together, our studies identify a novel mechanism by which SARS-CoV-2 can manipulate the host cell environment to supress antiviral responses, providing further understanding to the replication strategies of a virus that has caused an unprecedented global health crisis. Author Summary SARS-CoV-2 is the virus responsible for the current COVID-19 pandemic. Coronaviruses, like SARS-CoV-2, replicate their genome in the cytoplasm of the host cell by hijacking the cellular machinery. In addition to structural proteins and viral enzymes, SARS-CoV-2 encodes 9 accessory proteins. Although these are not required for in vitro replication, they are thought to modulate the host cell environment to favour viral replication. In this work, we show that the ORF6 accessory protein can supress cellular protein production by blocking mRNA nuclear export through interacting with the cellular protein Rae1, a known mRNA export factor. We also investigated which cellular mRNAs were retained in the nucleus when ORF6 was overexpressed. Interestingly, we found that ORF6 inhibited the export of many different mRNAs, including those encoding antiviral factors, like IRF1 and RIG-I, even in the absence of stimulation by interferon. Importantly, we found that the export of these mRNAs was similarly affected in the context of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Therefore, we believe we have identified a novel mechanism that SARS-CoV-2 uses to suppress antiviral responses in order to make the cell more permissive to infection.
BDNF/TrkB signaling endosomes in axons coordinate CREB/mTOR activation and protein synthesis in the cell body to induce dendritic growth in cortical neurons

Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and its receptors tyrosine kinase receptor B (TrkB) and the p75 neurotrophin receptor (p75) are the primary regulators of dendritic growth in the central nervous system (CNS). After being bound by BDNF, TrkB and p75 are endocytosed into endosomes and continue signaling within the cell soma, dendrites, and axons. We studied the functional role of BDNF axonal signaling in cortical neurons derived from different transgenic mice using compartmentalized cultures in microfluidic devices. We found that axonal BDNF increased dendritic growth from the neuronal cell body in a cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB)-dependent manner. These effects were dependent on axonal TrkB but not p75 activity. Dynein-dependent BDNF-TrkB-containing endosome transport was required for long-distance induction of dendritic growth. Axonal signaling endosomes increased CREB and mTOR kinase activity in the cell body, and this increase in the activity of both proteins was required for general protein translation and the expression of Arc, a plasticity-associated gene, indicating a role for BDNF-TrkB axonal signaling endosomes in coordinating the transcription and translation of genes whose products contribute to learning and memory regulation.
Automatic Medical Text Simplification: Challenges of Data Quality and Curation

Health Literacy is the degree to which individuals can comprehend basic health information needed to make appropriate health decisions. The topmost reason for low health literacy is the vocabulary gap between providers and patients. Automatic medical text simpliﬁcation can contribute to improving health literacy by assisting providers with patient-friendly communication, improving health data search, and making online medical texts more accessible. It is, however, extremely challenging to curate quality corpus for this nat-ural language processing (NLP) task. In this position paper, we observe that, despite recent research efforts, existing open corpora for medical text simpliﬁcation are poor in quality and size. In order to match the progress in general text simpli-ﬁcation and style transfer, we must leverage careful crowd-sourcing. We discuss the challenges of naive crowd-sourcing. We propose that careful crowd-sourcing for medical text sim-pliﬁcation is possible, when combined with automatic data labeling, a well-designed expert-layman collaboration framework, and context-dependent crowd-sourcing instructions.
Keynote: The communication of science and technology in a sustainable future

Scientific research in developing countries has always suffered from a lack of access to information in scientific journals because subscriptions are expensive, resulting in very poor provision for the majority of research institutions in the developing world. Open Access can resolve this, by providing developed-world research at no cost. It also resolves the other major problem for developing countries, which is to disseminate the results of their own scientific efforts effectively to the developed world. It provides the visibility and concomitant increase in impact that scientists all want for their work. Open access can be achieved by publication in Open Access journals, of which there are currently around 3500, or by the development of institutional collections of published outputs which are made openly available over the Web.
The innovation practices of manufacturing companies in a period of economic turbulence: the Greek case

The purpose of the study is to validate the factorial structure of innovation practices identified in the literature and evaluate their implementation level in manufacturing companies operating in circumstances of economic downturn and financial crisis. A research study was carried out in a sample of 233 Greek manufacturing companies operating in a business environment where a financial crisis has dominated for at least four years now. Data were obtained from the Chief Executive Officer of the companies through a structured questionnaire. Exploratory Factor Analysis is applied in order to extract the latent factors of innovation practices, while their validity is confirmed through Confirmatory Factor Analysis. The level of the innovation practices implemented by the companies is determined through descriptive statistics. The analysis of the empirical data from small and medium-sized manufacturing enterprises strongly confirms the conceptual structure of company innovation which consists of four dimensions, namely product, process, marketing and organisational innovation. The level of adoption of the four dimensions of innovation by the sample companies is deemed high, though not, however, excellent. Thus, the sample companies can put additional emphasis on innovation. In doing so, innovation may be a key factor in a company's efforts to overcome the negative effects of the current economic downturn and financial crisis.
Enhancement of road weather services using vehicle sensor data

Road weather conditions such as ice, snow, or heavy rain can have a significant impact on driver safety. Vehicle safety technologies have a reactive nature to these conditions. In this paper, we discuss the state of our research using a vehicle fleet equipped with external sensors to enhance road weather services. We present the architecture to share data amongst stakeholders. Next, the data are investigated. Significant trends in the data can be found when the rain starts or stops using correlation and relative measurements. This is followed by an investigation of the placed sensors to ensure qualitative measurements. Lastly, we discuss a road weather model that is adapted to make use of these car sensor observations.
Machine Learning Methods for Quality Prediction in Thermoplastics Injection Molding

Nowadays, competitiveness is a reality in all industrial fields and the plastic injection industry is not an exception. Due to the complex intrinsic changes that the parameters undergo during the injection process, it is essential to monitor the parameters that influence the quality of the final part to guarantee a superior quality of service provided to customers. Quality requirements impose the development of intelligent systems capable to detect defects in the produced parts. This article presents a first step towards building an intelligent system for classifying the quality of produced parts. The basic approach of this work is machine learning methods (Artificial Neural Networks and Support Vector Machines) and techniques that combine the two previous approaches (ensemble method). These are trained as classifiers to detect conformity or even defect types in parts. The data analyzed were collected at a plastic injection company in Portugal. The results show that these techniques are capable of incorporating the non-linear relationships between the process variables, which allows for a good accuracy (≈99%) in the identification of defects. Although these techniques present good accuracy, we show that taking into account the history of the last cycles and the use of combined techniques improves even further the performance. The approach presented in this article has a number of potential advantages for online predicting of parts quality in injection molding processes.
Numerical Simulation of Earthquake Induced Soil Liquefaction: Validation against Centrifuge Experimental Results

Two centrifuge tests were performed at the University of Colorado Boulder to fundamentally evaluate site performance and soil-foundation-structure- interaction (SFSI) on uniform, medium-dense, saturated sand undergoing a range of broadband earthquake motions with different characteristics. The test results were also used to evaluate and quantify the capability of a state-of-the-art numerical tool in capturing the key response parameters of interest, such as excess pore pressures, accelerations, and settlements at key locations. In this paper, the experimentally measured and numerically computed excess pore pressures and accelerations within the soil in free-field and under the foundation are compared, showing reasonable agreement (with residuals in spectral accelerations and Arias Intensities ranging from -1.5 to 1). Neither experimental nor numerical results indicated a decrease in foundation accelerations compared to the free-field soil at higher frequencies, which is due to a larger degree of excess pore pressure generation and strength loss in the free-field compared to the soil under the confining pressure of the structure.
Specification of a Two-Dimensional Test Case: (IEA)

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Micro-motion of a moving train observed by a Ka-band interferometric radar

A moving train was imaged by a Ka-band interferometric (In) radar of 2 GHz bandwidth working at the dechirping model. Two radar images from two channels as well as their In image were obtained after estimating the speed and direction of the train. The plots of In phases (InPhes) along the train exhibits periodic fluctuations, which are resulted from the back and forth motions of both locomotive and other compartments when the trains are moving ahead, and this can be attributed to the micro-motion (m-M) of the train. As far as it is known, this is the first time to experimentally demonstrate m-M detection through InPhes.
How Long Will it Take to Mitigate this Incident for Online Service Systems?

Online service systems may encounter a large number of incidents, which should be mitigated as soon as possible to minimize the service disruption time and ensure high service availability. The ability to predict TTM (Time To Mitigation) of incidents can help service teams better organize the mainte-nance efforts. Although there are many traditional bug-fixing time prediction methods, we find that there are not readily available for incident- TTM prediction due to the characteristics of incidents. To better understand how incidents are mitigated, we conduct the first empirical study of incident TTM on 20 large-scale online service systems in Microsoft. We investigate the time distribution in the main stages of the incident life cycle and explore factors affecting TTM. Based on our empirical findings, we propose TTMPred, a deep-learning-based approach for incident- TTM prediction in a continuous triage scenario. Our model designs a two-level attention-based bidirectional GRU model to capture both the semantic information in text data and the temporal information in incremental discussions. And based on a novel continuous loss function, it builds a regression model to achieve accurate TTM prediction as much as possible at each time point of prediction. Our experiments on four large-scale online service systems in Microsoft show that TTMPred is effective and significantly outperforms the compared approaches. For example, TTMPred improves the state-of-the-art regression-based approach by 25.66% on average in terms of MAE (Mean Absolute Error).
Risk Assessment for Subjective Evidence-Based Ethnography Applied in High Risk Environment

Subjective Evidence-Based Ethnography (SEBE) is a family of methods developed for investigation in social science based on subjective audio-video recordings with a miniature video-camera usually worn at eye-level (eye-tracking techniques are included). Despite its application to the analysis of high risk professions (e.g. anesthetists, aircraft pilots, nuclear reactor pilots) and the potential additional risks it induces, no suggestions regarding these concerns and no solutions helping researchers to anticipate this kind of risks are available in the literature. Aiming at filling this gap, we undertook a study of SEBE equipment applied to the analysis of workers’ activities on a nuclear power plant. The method was divided in three phases: i) observations and discussions on full scale simulators of activities undertaken by one or two workers ( N=42) to characterize the consequences of the SEBE equipment, ii) bibliographic research combined with results of first phase to elaborate a risk assessment protocol, iii) analysis of its application in real operating situations ( N=17). The elaborated protocol gave satisfactory results in terms of risk prevention and time application: No incident or accident occurred and the risk assessment took less than five minutes. The observations highlighted however a risk of side-effect (using SEBE equipment to justify subjects’ mistake or
Empowering Community Livelihoods Through Modern Beekeeping: The Case of Ukombozi Group in Kisongwe Village, Kilosa District, Morogoro Region

This dissertation is an outcome of the research study conducted and the project implemented in Kisongwe village, Lumbiji ward, Kilosa District, Morogoro Region. The Community Needs Assessment conducted in the village using participatory methods and tools like Questionnaire, Focus Group Discussions, and Documentary Reviews, came out with six major community needs which needed to be addressed. Empowering community livelihoods through modern beekeeping was established at the end of October 2011 as a priority project immediately after awareness raising and training of Group members at the start of October 2011. The objectives of the project were mainly four; (i) To impart awareness and modern beekeeping husbandry skills for productivity improvement. (ii) Sensitization and training in entrepreneurship and business development skills for empowerment of marketing beekeeping products. (iii) Provision of 25 modern beehives and other beekeeping equipments and materials. (iv) To enhance cooperation among group members and strengthen institution. Most of the major planned project activities were implemented and some are on routine or continuous basis like harvesting and processing of honey and beeswax also management of an apiary. Some products and outputs for the objectives have so far been realized and reported during project monitoring and midterm evaluation. Project implementation is going on well while monitoring and midterm evaluation have also been done and indicators for sustainability plan have been established.
Intelligent Electric Vehicle Charging Controller

For domestic consumers, electricity tariffs usually have two components: one is related to the maximum available current/total power (billed in €/day) and the other concerns to the energy consumption (€/kWh). The main switchboard current is usually limited, according to the contracted power level, by way of automatic switches. To avoid main switchboard tripping by current limit violation, Electric Vehicle (EV) owners may decide to increase their contracted power (and the energy bill) or to adopt charging strategies that limit the global consumption (EV plus house needs) to the contracted current/power. In this paper, an Intelligent Electric Vehicle Charging Controller (IEVCC), allowing to use the contracted power to the maximum extent, is presented. A set of user configurable parameters can be used to define the controller behavior, in order to prevent a full switch-off. Two versions are described: a single user version that can be used at private houses and a mesh version that can be used in multi apartment buildings, providing information about consumed energy, time of use, costs and past bills.
Active noise control in axial turbomachines by flow induced secondary sources.

In conventional active noise control experiments, loudspeakers are used to generate the secondary antiphase sound field to be superimposed with the sound waves radiated from the primary source. In the present study, aerodynamic sound sources are used instead for that purpose. This is achieved by disturbing the flow field around the blade tips in such a way that additional periodic forces are set up which in turn form the secondary sound sources. To disturb the flow, either air is blown into the blade tip region through the casing wall, or piezo-electric actuators are installed in the fan casing wall to influence the flow conditions near the blade tips. The resulting aerodynamic sound sources are adjustable in both amplitude and phase. In this way active flow control is used to reduce the tonal noise components of the axial fan. Experimental results are presented for steady and unsteady air jets injected into the main flow at various axial positions relative to the rotor blades. It is shown that the method is successful for plane wave as well as for higher-order mode sound fields. The sound pressure level at the blade passing frequency was reduced by up to 20.5 dB.
The MOOC in the educational platform MiriadaX

Nowadays the formative processes in the higher education are going towards a new format that integrates three basic beginning: gratuitousness, massive and ubiquity. This beginning is the matrix of named, with english abbreviation, MOOC (Courses Online Massive Open). This isruptive innovation has incited a revolution in the universitary education, removing the organizational traditional structure of the universities. For it, this paper describes the environment MOOC of the platform MiriadaX (https://www.miriadax.net/). In addi tion, this study develops, from a descriptive perspective, the genesis and paradigmatic foundation in which there is sustained the platform MiriadaX and the elements that integrate it. Finally, it shows the elements that compose a MOOC and, as an example, the didactic implementation of the course workspace https://www.miriadax. net/web/estadistica-investigadores.
Rethinking perceived service quality: An alternative to hierarchical and multidimensional models

Measuring perceived service quality continues to be a controversial topic in management literature. Brady and Cronin's (2001) hierarchical and multidimensional model overcame several limitations of previously proposed models. Nevertheless, Brady and Cronin's conceptualisation has been the object of substantial criticism. This research describes the most important limitations of the Brady and Cronin's (2001) model, pointing out some newly identified drawbacks to this kind of conceptualisation and to using the methodology for analysing service quality models. To overcome these shortcomings, a new procedure is proposed, based on the proper identification of service quality attributes and on the study of unobserved heterogeneity in customer perceptions. An application of this procedure to the insurance industry shows the possible advantages of using this method for studying perceived quality in services. The results of the empirical study confirm the presence of several latent classes formed by customers with.