Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Condition-dependent trade-offs maintain honest signalling

How and why animals and humans signal reliably is a key issue in biology and social sciences that needs to be understood to explain the evolution of communication. In situations in which the receiver needs to differentiate between low- and high-quality signallers, once a ruling paradigm, the Handicap Principle has claimed that honest signals have to be costly to produce. Subsequent game theoretical models, however, highlighted that honest signals are not necessarily costly. Honesty is maintained by the potential cost of cheating: by the difference in the marginal benefit to marginal cost for low versus high-quality signallers; i.e. by differential trade-offs. Owing to the difficulties of manipulating signal costs and benefits, there is lack of empirical tests of these predictions. We present the results of a laboratory decision-making experiment with human participants to test the role of equilibrium signal cost and signalling trade-offs for the development of honest communication. We found that the trade-off manipulation had a much higher influence on the reliability of communication than the manipulation of the equilibrium cost of signal. Contrary to the predictions of the Handicap Principle, negative production cost promoted honesty at a very high level in the differential trade-off condition.
Production and application of natural food pigments by Monascus ruber using potato chips manufacturing wastes

This work was established for using potato chips manufacturing wastes as a substrate for the production of food colorant pigments by Monascus ruber Went AUMC 5705, then it was utilized individually for coloring some food products (drops sweets). The effects of different environmental and nutritional factors were studied in solid state fermentation (SSF). The maximum concentrations of red, orange, and yellow pigments produced by M. ruber were 147.3, 179.6 and 221.7 U/g of dry fermented materials, respectively. The optimum conditions for pigments production were determined to be 50%, 6.5, 3 % and 15 days, for the initial moisture content, pH, (NH4)2SO4, and incubation period, respectively. Moreover, the optimum inoculum size, particle size of potato chips and fermentation temperature, were determined to be 81×104 spores/10g dry substrate, 1.5 mm and 30 °C under dark condition, respectively. Then, the pigments mixture was separated into red, orange and yellow water insoluble pigments that used as coloring agents of drops sweets flavoured with fruits odours. This study revealed that potato chips wastes are an innovative raw material for pigments production by M. ruber in SSF.
Impact of a Molecular Sequencing Systematic at Diagnosis in Digestive Oncology: Experience of a French Center

Introduction: Tumor-based molecular profiling has increased in the area of precision medicine. Their routine use is still limited by accessibility, cost and availability of tumor material. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively analysed the treatment received and the survival data of patients with digestive cancer who received molecular high-throughput sequencing (NGS) analyses at diagnosis. The primary objective of this single-center study was to compare the overall survival of patients who were treated with molecularly matched therapy with patients who received standard therapy. Median overall survival was calculated from initial disease diagnosis to death. Results: 528 patients were referred to the Digestive Oncology Department of the Timone Hospital in Marseille between January 2018, and November 2020 for management of digestive cancer and received high-throughput molecular sequencing. Among them, 461 patients had a digestive carcinoma (75 of them were excluded because of the presence of a GIST or a neuroendocrine tumor, a digestive localization of extra digestive cancer or the absence of follow-up in our center) and 275 had metastatic disease (synchronous or metachronous). For metastatic patients, actionable molecular alterations were identified in95 patients (43.5%) and for 13 patients (4.7%) a molecularly matched therapy was administered. There was no significant difference in median overall survival between patients who received matched therapy than patients who did not receive molecularly matched therapy (2.89 [95%CI 1.84 - 3.93] vs. 2.86 [95%CI 1.52 - 4.19], p=0.671). Conclusion: This study suggests that high-throughput genomics can improve management of patients. Although these results did not show a benefit in overall survival for tumors who harboured such actionable molecular alterations and who received molecularly matched therapy, than patients who did not receive molecularly matched therapy, they are promising. Randomized trials are needed to confirm that there is a benefit to treating patients with matched therapy based on NGS.
A hospital based cross sectional study on subclinical hypothyroidism in females over fifty years of age and its relation to hypertension, diabetes mellitus and ischemic heart disease at a tertiary care hospital, Hyderabad

Background: Prevalence of subclinical hypothyroidism is more common in females compared to males and elderly age group. More studies are required to throw light on these aspects especially among elderly women with subclinical hypothyroidism and its association with prevalence of hypertension, diabetes and ischemic heart disease (IHD) among these women. The objective was to study prevalence of subclinical hypothyroidism among elderly females and its relation with the diabetes, hypertension and IHD.Methods: Hospital based cross-sectional study was carried out among 178 women of 50 years and more. Detailed history, clinical examination and routine investigations were carried out. Free T4, free T3 and TSH (thyroid stimulating hormone) levels were measured using electro chemiluminescent method. Presence of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, IHD was noted.Results: Prevalence of subclinical hypothyroidism was 24.7% and more in 61-70 years (38.5%). In 55% of the women the symptoms were absent. The most common symptom was fatigability and constipation. The prevalence of IHD among women with subclinical hypothyroidism was 22.7% compared to only 7.5% in women without subclinical hypothyroidism and this difference was found to be statistically significant (p<0.05). For hypertension and diabetes, it was observed that the prevalence of these two conditions was slightly more in women without subclinical hypothyroidism but the difference was not found to be statistically significant (p>0.05). Conclusions: Prevalence of subclinical hypothyroidism in the elderly women was high. Subclinical hypothyroidism was found to be significantly associated with IHD but not with hypertension and diabetes.
A Joint Simon effect in children diagnosed with ASD is expressed differently from neurotypical children and adults

ABSTRACT When two participants perform a go/no go task, sharing the same display but responding to different targets, their responses show a spatial compatibility effect. A shape on the side of a participant is responded to faster than that on the neighbour’s side. This is called the Joint Simon effect (JSE), and it vanishes when participants perform the same task alone. JSE has been taken as evidence that humans automatically monitor the actions of others. Here we compare the JSE in adults, typically developing (TD) children, and children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Contrary to our expectations, we found a robust JSE in children with ASD. Ex-Gaussian analyses of the distributions of correct responses revealed that the JSE is later-acting in children with ASD. This implies more deliberate social processing, consistent with social camouflaging, which is a behavioural modulation undertaken by people with ASD in an attempt to conform to social norms. These findings support a social interpretation of the JSE while also revealing the unique nature of social processing in children with ASD.
New Reference Values for Thyroid Volume and a Comprehensive Assessment for Influencing Factors in Chinese Adults with Iodine Sufficiency

Objectives: The reference values for thyroid volume (Tvol) determined by ultrasound require supportive data of normal Tvol from local iodine-sufficient populations. This study aimed to explore new reference values for Tvol in Chinese adults and comprehensively evaluate the factors associated with enlarged Tvol. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in Tianjin, China. Tvol was measured by ultrasound in adults with long-term iodine sufficiency. Blood and urine samples were collected to evaluate biochemical indexes, thyroid function, and iodine status. Results: A total of 1,991 adults from the urban and suburban areas were analysed. The trend of Tvol increasing with age was observed in men under age 40 years and in women under age 52 years. In the quantile regression analyses, we found that body surface area (BSA) (β = 7.22, 95% CI: 5.33, 9.12), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) (β = −1.48, 95% CI: −2.39, −0.57), thyroid nodules (TNs) (β = 6.70, 95% CI: 2.19, 11.22), and metabolic syndrome (MetS) (β = 1.40, 95% CI: 0.63, 2.17) had a strong effect on Tvol at higher percentiles in males. The dominant factors influencing Tvol were BSA (β = 9.64, 95% CI: 2.66, 16.61), TSH (β = −0.78, 95% CI: −1.16, −0.39), and TNs (β = 1.11, 95% CI: 0.43, 1.79) in females. The largest reference values for Tvol based on BSA were 20.18 (17.79, 24.32) mL in males and 15.31 (14.05, 16.70) mL in females. Conclusions: Quantile regression analyses showed that a high BSA index, a decreased TSH level, and the prevalence of TNs were essential factors associated with the enlargement of the thyroid gland. Our findings reported the new reference values for Tvol determined by ultrasound based on gender and BSA in Chinese adults.
Benign and Malicious Envy Scale: cross-cultural adaptation and validity evidence for adolescents

Although there are few Brazilian studies on this subject, envy is a universal phenomenon present in the cultural and social spheres. This research aimed to conduct a cross-cultural adaptation to Brazilian Portuguese and to evaluate validity evidence for the Benign and Malicious Envy Scale (BeMaS), a measure of benign and malicious envy. A total of 248 adolescents aged between 12 and 17 (M=13.93 ±1.39, 47.9% boys) participated in this research. Evidence of validity based on content, internal structure, relationship to other variables (stress, anxiety, depression, and life satisfaction), and reliability indicators were estimated. The exploratory factor analysis suggested the adequacy of the internal structure composed of two factors, demonstrating the equivalence of the internal structure with the original version and good indicators of reliability ( ω = 0.760 e 0.823) and relationships with external variables consistent with the theoretical hypotheses. The Results suggest the adequacy of the instrument.
Relationship Between Active Faulting/Fracturing and Magmatism Around Santorini: Seismic Anisotropy From an Active Source Tomography Experiment

In extending volcanic arcs such as the Aegean, tectonic processes exert a significant control on magmatism. Spanning scales from 1 to 10s of km, volcanic vents, edifices, and eruptive centers follow the orientation of, and are located near, fault zones. Whether this tectonic control on magmatism results from individual faults/fractures weakening the crust or because regional stresses control magma input into the crust is debated. Here we investigate the scales of tectonic and magmatic interactions, specifically focusing on the role of local‐scale (<10 km) faults/fractures in controlling magmatism. We infer local‐scale fault/fracture orientations from anisotropic active‐source P‐wave travel‐time tomography to investigate tectonic and magmatic interactions in the upper crust of Santorini Volcano, Greece, and the actively deforming region to the east. We use the anisotropy magnitude and seismic velocity reduction to model the relative distribution of both consistently oriented and randomly oriented faults/fractures. Our results show that oriented faulting/fracturing resulting from regional‐scale (>10 km) tectonic stresses is distributed broadly across the region at 2–3 km depth, approximately paralleling volcanic/magmatic features. On a local‐scale, magmatism is neither localized in areas of higher oriented fault/fracture density, nor is it accommodating enough extensional strain to inhibit oriented faulting/fracturing of host rock. The alignment of magmatic features shows strong tectonic control despite the lack of correlation with local oriented fault/fracture density. These results suggest that magmatic processes are strongly influenced by regional‐scale, not local‐scale, tectonic processes. We infer regional processes have a greater impact on magmatism than local features due to their greater effect at depth.
Tweeting About Climate: Which Politicians Speak Up and What Do They Speak Up About?

This study examines tweets (N = 1,103,119) sent by 638 US politicians regarding climate change (N = 10,135). Using data reflecting the risks faced and opinions held by their constituents, the extent to which politicians lead—tweeting about climate change for those most at risk, called trusteeship—or follow—tweeting about climate change for those who are already concerned, called playing to the crowed—is examined. Results reveal that while Democrats generally tweet about climate change more often than Republicans, within each party, tweeting frequency is mostly explained by the level of concern in a politicians’ constituency. Objective risks faced by constituents play no role. Analysis of behavior across different office levels—federal, state, and local—also shows that while federal politicians are more partisan, state and local politicians play to the crowd to a greater degree. Analysis of the tweets shows the politicians’ unequal engagement leads to over-representations of some topics (e.g., “calls for action”) and under-representations of other topics (e.g., criticizing fossil fuels and deniers).
Pareto Optimal Weighting Factor Design of Predictive Current Controller of a Six-Phase Induction Machine Based on Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm

Finite-set model predictive control (FS-MPC) as predictive current control (PCC) is considered an exciting option for the stator current control of multiphase machines due to their control flexibility and easy inclusion of constraints. The weighting factors (WFs) of PCC must be tuned for the variables of interest, such as the machine losses <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$x-y$ </tex-math></inline-formula> currents, typically performed by trial-and-error procedure. Tuning methods based on artificial neural network (ANN) or the coefficient of variation were proposed for three-phase inverter and motor drive applications. However, the extension of this concept to the multiphase machine application is not straightforward, and only empirical procedures have been reported. In this context, this article proposes an optimal method to tune the WF of the PCC based on the multiobjective particle swarm optimization (MOPSO) algorithm. A Pareto dominance concept is used for the MOPSO to find the optimal WF values for the PCC, comparing parameters of root-mean-square error of the stator tracking currents. The proposed method offers a systematic approach to the WF selection, with an algorithm of easy implementation with direct control over the size of the search space and the speed of convergence. Simulation and experimental results in steady-state and transient conditions are provided to validate the proposed offline tuning procedure of the PCC of a six-phase induction machine. The improvements of RMSE can be more than 500% for <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$x-y$ </tex-math></inline-formula> subspace, with minor effect in <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\alpha -\beta $ </tex-math></inline-formula> subspace. Finally, the proposed method is extended to a more complex cost function, and the results are compared with an ANN approach.
Performance of New and Artificially Aged Electret Filters in Indoor Air Cleaners

Mobile air cleaners, in particular such with fibrous electret filters, are widely used to improve the indoor air quality. We investigate the particle size dependence of the air cleaning efficiency and conclude that recent testing standards overestimate the cleaning performance with respect to relevant indoor aerosols if considering only particles larger than 0.3 µm. Furthermore, we artificially age the filters with cigarette smoke to evaluate their long-term stability. Finally, we compare the results to an aging method proposed by a recent testing standard and find a very distinct aging behavior.
Ion Cyclotron Resonance Heating for Tungsten Control in JET H-Mode Scenarios

Ion Cyclotron Resonance Heating (ICRH) in the hydro gen minority scheme provides central ion heating and acts favorably on the core tungsten tra nsport. Full wave modeling shows that, at medium po wer level (4MW), after collisional redistribution, the ratio f power transferred to the electrons in the core ( r/a<0.25) decreases by ~40% when the minority (hydrogen) conc entration nH/ne increases from 3% to 10%. At the same time, the high-Z impurity screening provided by the fast ions temperature increases by a factor ~2. The power radiated by tungsten in the core of the J ET H-mode discharges has been analyzed on a large d tabase covering the 2013-2014 campaign. In the baseline sc enario with moderate plasma current (I p=2.5MA) ICRH modifies efficiently tungsten transport to avoid it s accumulation in the plasma centre and, when the I CRH power is increased, the tungsten radiation peaking evolve s as predicted by the neo-classical theory. At high er current (3-4MA), tungsten accumulation can be only avoided with 5MW of ICRH power with high gas injection rate . For discharges in the hybrid scenario, the strong i itial peaking of the density leads to strong tungs ten accumulation. MHD activity plays a key role in tun gsten transport and modulation of the tungsten radi ation during a sawtooth cycle is often correlated to the fishbone activity triggered by the fast ion pressur e g adient .
Study of Hollow ZnO Nanoparticles by Flame Spray Synthesis

Hollow ZnO nanoparticles prepared by flame spray synthesis(FSP) have been reported in this letter. By the results obtained from X-Ray diffraction(XRD) pattern and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy(HR-TEM) picture, it is concluded that the hollow ZnO nanoparticles were successfully synthesized at high temperature. The size of hollow nanoparticles distributed between 20 and 30 nm, and the formation mechanism of this hollow structure was discussed in the synthesis process. The strong ultra-visible(UV) emission was shown in photoluminescence(PL) spectra, while the mechanism had been explained in detail.
Individual and shared digital repertoires – older adults managing digital services

ABSTRACT The rise of public and other non-recreational digital services is based on the idea of catering to the daily needs of the citizens cost-efficiently and with ease. Previous research has approached the use of digital services mainly from the perspective of an individual, while the significance of shared practices of use has attracted only a little attention. In this article, we (1) examine the incentives and limitations associated with the use of non-recreational digital services, which either encourage or discourage older adults to use them. Based on the first question, we then ask (2) how older adults in this study manage those non-recreational digital services they have chosen to use. Our qualitative analysis is based on participant-induced elicitation (PIE) interviews (n = 21) carried out in Central Finland with older adults aged between 65 and 89. Our findings suggest that there are conflicting views about digital services – they simultaneously evoke both positive and negative associations among interviewees. The incentives and limitations of digital services are expressly heterogeneous among older adults and vary depending on the individual and shared digital repertoire of each user. We describe how participants in this study employed multiple strategies, such as sharing digital repertoires with warm experts, to actively manage using digital services in their daily lives.
Improved Surprise Adequacy Tools for Corner Case Data Description and Detection

Facing the increasing quantity of AI models applications, especially in life- and property-related fields, it is crucial for designers to construct safety- and security-critical systems. As a major factor affecting the safety of AI models, corner case data and its related description/detection techniques are important in the AI design phase and quality assurance. In this paper, inspired by surprise adequacy (SA), a tool having advantages on capture data behaviors, we developed three modified versions of distance-based-SA (DSA) for detecting corner cases in classification problems. Through the experiment analysis on MNIST, CIFAR, and industrial example data, the feasibility and usefulness of the proposed tools on corner case data detection are verified. Moreover, Qualitative and quantitative experiments validated that the developed DSA tools can achieve improved performance in describing corner cases’ behaviors.
Stress, Sleep and Performance in International and Domestic University Students

Stress and poor sleep quality are serious and common problems among university students that could have detrimental effects on their academic performance. International students may experience greater difficulty than domestic students because they also need to deal with the challenges associated with moving to a new culture. The present study aimed to investigate the relationship between stress (perceived and acculturative), sleep quality and academic performance by comparing them between international and domestic students. Perceived stress negatively correlated with sleep quality. However, no relationship was found between acculturative stress and sleep quality, between sleep quality and academic performance, and between stress (perceived and acculturative) and academic performance. Differences on perceived stress and sleep quality between international and domestic students were found. Perceived stress was found to be an important factor that requires the university to focus on effective stress management programs that could be useful for achieving better sleep quality.
Promoting interest, positive emotions, and knowledge using augmented reality in a museum setting

ABSTRACT Informal learning environments, such as museums, provide unique opportunities for science learning. They are deliberately designed to impact public understanding of science and shape visitors’ attitudes and behaviors. As a developing technology, augmented reality (AR) offers the transformative potential to support museums’ educational missions by enhancing visitors’ experience, thereby creating effective conditions for learning and personalized interactions with science. We implemented an AR-enhanced exhibit at the La Brea Tar Pits (LBTP) to reduce scientific misconceptions and explore the role of interest and emotions around science and AR technology as it related to learning and knowledge revision. Using a pretest-posttest design, 62 adults completed an AR experience that addressed two scientific misconceptions related to the consistency of tar and frequency of large animal entrapment. We found that participants had significantly fewer misconceptions at posttest than at pretest. Participants also reported higher levels of interest in science content than AR technology and discriminated between emotions they experienced with regard to science content and AR technology. Feelings of curiosity predicted knowledge revision and interest in both science content and AR technology. These findings may be useful for museums and other science communicators seeking to create AR interventions that support learning and conceptual change.