Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Pitx2 in heart morphogenesis

Pitx2 is a paired-related homeobox gene that has been shown to play a central role in the late aspects of left-right asymmetric morphogenesis (Capdevila et al., 2000; Harvey, 1998). Identified as the gene mutated in Rieger syndrome 1, Pitx2 also functions in eye, tooth and abdominal wall development (Alward, 2000; Semina et al., 1996). Importantly, Pitx2 has been shown to be a direct target of the left-right signaling pathways that originate early in development through the function of nodal (Shiratori et al., 2001). Loss-of-function experiments performed in mice have revealed a role for Pitx2 in left-right asymmetry of many organs but its role in heart and vascular development is less clear (Gage et al., 1999; Kitamura et al., 1999; Lin et al., 1999; Lu et al., 1999b). Although Pitx2-null mice have severe cardiac phenotypes that are similar to those observed in humans with laterality defects, the Pitx2-null phenotype suggests that Pitx2 function is important after looping morphogenesis, as Pitx2 mutant hearts loop correctly to the right (Gage et al., 1999; Kitamura et al., 1999; Lin et al., 1999; Liu et al., 2001; Lu et al., 1999b). Analysis of individuals with laterality defects has revealed a spectrum of associated cardiac septation and valve anomalies, including abnormalities in conotruncal and right ventricular development, atrial lateralization and atrioventricular (AV) septation (Brown and Anderson, 1999; Icardo and Sanchez de Vega, 1991). These observations suggest that the genetic pathways regulating left-right asymmetry may also directly regulate valve and cushion morphogenesis and that subtle defects in left-right asymmetry may be a common etiologic factor for congenital heart disease. In common with human patients, Pitx2-null mice display atrial septal defects (ASD), abnormal AV septation (resulting in complete AV canal) and abnormal arterioventricular connections (Kitamura et al., 1999; Liu et al., 2001). Pitx2 mutants also have a hypoplastic right ventricle. Although Pitx2 mutant mice have severe cardiac anomalies, the primary function of Pitx2in heart development remains unclear as the Pitx2 mutant heart phenotypes could be secondary to delayed looping morphogenesis or embryonic rotation. 5081 Development 129, 5081-5091 (2002) Printed in Great Britain © The Company of Biologists Limited 2002 DEV4623
Participation of oxidative stress on rat MCA changes induced by focal cerebral ischemia: beneficial effects of CR-6

Cerebral ischemia followed by reperfusion alters vessel properties of brain arteries in rats, inducing an inflammatory response and excessive generation of reactive oxygen species. This study investigated the participation of oxidative stress on vessel properties after ischemia-reperfusion and the beneficial effects of 3,4-dihydro-6-hydroxy-7-methoxy-2,2-dimethyl-1(2H)-benzopyran (CR-6). The right middle cerebral artery was occluded (90 min) and reperfused (24 h). Sham-operated animals were used as controls. Ischemic rats were treated either with CR-6 (100 mg/kg in 1ml olive oil) or vehicle (1 ml olive oil) administered orally at 2 h and 8 h after the onset of ischemia . The structural, mechanical, and myogenic properties of the middle cerebral artery (MCA) were assessed by pressure myography. Superoxide anion (O 2.- ) production was evaluated by ethidium fluorescence and protein tyrosine nitrosylation was determined by immunofluorescence. volume was smaller rats treated CR-6. In MCA, wall cross area, wall/lumen and decreased wall stress. CR-6 prevented all these changes induced by ischemia-reperfusion. However, impaired myogenic response and larger lumen diameter in active conditions observed after ischemia-reperfusion were not modified by CR-6. Treatment with CR-6 prevented the increase in O 2. -production and partially prevented the enhanced protein tyrosine nitrosylation that occurred in response to ischemia-reperfusion. Our findings suggest that oxidative stress is involved in the alterations of MCA properties observed after ischemia-reperfusion and CR-6 induces protection.
Logarithmic Combinatorial Structures: A Probabilistic Approach

The elements of many classical combinatorial structures can be naturally decomposed into components. Permutations can be decomposed into cycles, polynomials over a finite field into irreducible factors, mappings into connected components. In all of these examples, and in many more, there are strong similarities between the numbers of components of different sizes that are found in the decompositions of `typical' elements of large size. For instance, the total number of components grows logarithmically with the size of the element, and the size of the largest component is an appreciable fraction of the whole. This book explains the similarities in asymptotic behaviour as the result of two basic properties shared by the structures: the conditioning relation and the logarithmic condition. The discussion is conducted in the language of probability, enabling the theory to be developed under rather general and explicit conditions; for the finer conclusions, Stein's method emerges as the key ingredient. The book is thus of particular interest to graduate students and researchers in both combinatorics and probability theory.
PROXIMATE, MINERAL AND VITAMIN COMPOSITION OF FISH FEED SUPPLEMENTED WITH MORINGA OLEIFERA LEAF AND SHRIMP MEALS AS PROTEIN SOURCES

9 [7] The protein content ranges 15 to 35%; it is rich fiber, minerals Ca and Fe) and a wide range of vitamins (ß-carotene, ascorbic acid, vitamin B1, B6 and niacin) [8] as well as ABSTRACT Objective: Conventional fish meal makes up about 60% of the total protein source of aquaculture diet; it is very expensive and difficult to get. This study was aimed at utilizing Moringa oleifera leaf and shrimp meals as alternative protein sources in fish feed production. Method: Graded levels of Moringa oleifera leaf meal (MLM) (0, 10, 20 and 30%) and same quantity of shrimp meal were added as replacements in a standard formulation to produce fish diets (M0, M10, M20, and M30, respectively). Proximate, mineral and vitamin composition of these diets, plus two commercial feeds (foreign - Copens TM ; and local - Vital TM ) were analyzed and compared using standard procedures. Results: The formulated feeds had significantly higher (p<0.05) contents of crude fat, fibre, and carbohydrate; but much lower in crude protein than the commercial feeds. The formulated feeds were also significantly richer in Cu, Fe, Zn and P; similar in Mn and Mg; and lower in Ca, Na and K. However, the vitamins profiles of the formulated feeds were significantly poor compared to that of the commercial feeds. Among the MLM supplemented feeds, there was a dose dependent increase in crude fat, crude fibre, protein, carbohydrate, Na, K, and vitamins. M10 was however richer in Cu, Fe, Zn, and P than M20 and M30. Conclusion: Although supplementation with MLM improved protein levels in formulated feeds, it is far from meeting the optimum protein requirement in fish feed. Further studies to reduce chitin and crude fibre content in the formulated feeds are recommended.
BRIEF REVIEWS Cyclic Nucleotides and Cardiac Function*

SEVENTEEN years ago Murad et al. (1962) provided the first suggestion that cyclic adenosine 3',5'monophosphate (cAMP) might be involved in cardiac function. Specifically, they found that the potency of several catecholamines (CA) to stimulate adenylate cyclase in membrane preparations of dog heart was similar to their in vivo potency as inotropic agents. Interest in this possibility heightened in 1965 when Robison et al. (1965) reported that epinephrine (EPI) injected into perfused rat hearts caused a rapid rise in cAMP, which was followed by enhanced contractile force and conversion of glycogen phosphorylase to the activated a form. Since that time much effort has been expended to define the role of cAMP and also of cyclic guanosine 3':5'-monophosphate (cGMP) in the actions of CA and other hormonal and neurohormonal agents on the heart; the subject has been reviewed periodically (Mayer, 1970 and 1974; Sobel and Mayer, 1973; Wollenberger, 1975). CA have multiple actions on the heart. They produce an increase in developed tension (positive inotropism), an increased rate of tension development, a reduction in time to peak tension, and a decrease in relaxation time so that the total time of systole is shortened. They alter ion movements, particularly of Ca and K. Increased inward current of Ca results in elevation of the plateau phase of the action potential; the repolarization phase of the action potential is accelerated. CA also stimulate metabolic events, particularly glycogenolysis and lipolysis. Except for increase in tension, these effects are produced exclusively by activation of ^-receptors. cAMP has been implicated with varying degrees of certainty in all of these actions.
EFFECTIVE PARENTING AND CHILD VICTIMIZATION IN DIGOS CITY

The purpose of this study was to determine the domain in the parenting styles that best influences child victimization. The researcher employed quantitative research design utilizing the quasi-experimental design using the correlational method of research for data collection instrument. This method was designed as a mathematical model in determining child victimization among respondents. Specifically, it determined if parenting styles predict child victimization. The respondents of the study were 1200 children whom were randomly selected between 10-17 years of age. Findings reveal that among the level of parenting styles, authoritarian and authoritative parenting got the high score while permissive parenting got the score of moderate. This is telling that authoritative and authoritarian parenting styles was oftentimes experienced by the respondents themselves. Meanwhile, when it comes to the significant relationship between parenting styles and child victimization, findings reveal that they are significant to each other. Moreover, the best indicator that best influences child victimization are those children who witnessed violence around their surroundings.
DMSO_A_300048 1129..1139

1College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences (KSAU-HS), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; 2King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; 3Department of Medicine, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs (MNGHA), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; 4College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Hofstra University, Hempstead, NY, USA; 5Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia Introduction: Insulin resistance in obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is associated with cardiovascular complications such as atherosclerosis. On the other hand, the reduction of apoptosis in macrophages has been linked with accelerated atherosclerosis. Apoptosis is controlled by a different family of proteins including Bcl-2 and caspases. Methods: To examine apoptosis in insulin resistance, we assessed the mRNA expression by qRT-PCR of several Bcl-2 family members, as well as caspase-3, −7, −8, and −9 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) isolated from lean, obese, diabetic, and diabetic on metformin individuals. Results: PBMCs of diabetic individuals exhibited reduced expression of caspase-7 and increased expression of Bcl-10, Bad, Bax, Bid, and caspase-3. T2DM on metformin group had significantly higher Bad, Bax, and caspase-7 expression. Discussion: The moderate up-regulation of pro-apoptotic Bcl-10, Bax, Bad, Bid, and the effector caspase-3 coupled with inhibition of caspase-7 in circulating PBMCs of T2DM could be the result of increased inflammation in T2DM. Metformin treatment significantly inhibited the expression of Bcl-10, Bid, and caspase-3 and upregulated Bad/Bax/caspase-7 pathway suggesting the activation of Bad/Bax/caspase-7 apoptotic pathway. Further studies are warranted to elicit the underlying apoptotic pathways of PBMCs in T2DM and following metformin treatment.
Mean-field theory of learning: from dynamics to statics

Using the cavity method and diagrammatic methods, we model the dynamics of batch learning of restricted sets of examples. Simulations of the Green's function and the cavity activation distributions support the theory well. The learning dynamics approaches a steady state in agreement with the static version of the cavity method. The picture of the rough energy landscape is reviewed.
OPTH_A_334619 4573..4584

1Optometry Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; 2College of Optometry, Pacific University, Forest Grove, OR, USA; 3School of Engineering and Applied Science, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA; 4UC Berkeley School of Optometry, Berkeley, CA, USA Purpose: To examine the regional distribution of choroidal thickness (ChT) and the diurnal variation in ChT and axial length (AL) over a wide range of myopic refractive error. Methods: ChT was measured in thirty-four healthy young adults (age mean ± SD: 25.2 ± 2.8, range: 18–35 years) using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography and AL using an IOL-Master 500. Participants were divided into three refractive groups: emmetropes, myopes, and high myopes. We evaluated ChT in macular (foveal, parafovea, and perifovea) and peripheral regions (6-mm from the foveal pit) in four quadrants (superior, temporal, inferior, and nasal). To assess the diurnal variation, three measurement sessions of ChT and AL were taken at 8 AM, 12 PM, 4 PM. Results: ChT thins progressively towards the periphery. Superior and nasal quadrants exhibited the thickest (277 ± 73 μm) and thinnest (218 ± 89 μm) choroid, respectively. Higher myopic eyes showed an overall thinner choroid (237 ± 48 μm) compared to myopic eyes (264 ± 78 μm) (P < 0.05). Higher myopes exhibited a significant choroidal thinning in all quadrants except in the temporal quadrant (all p < 0.05). Both ChT and AL underwent a significant diurnal variation (p < 0.05). The ChT and AL diurnal variation amplitudes in higher myopes were significantly reduced (ChT: 14.6 ± 11, AL: 14.5 ± 13 μm), compared to those in emmetropes (ChT: 21.4 ± 15, AL: 21.3 ± 8.5 μm) and myopes (ChT: 19 ± 17, AL: 19 ± 9.7 μm). Diurnal variation amplitude in ChT did not differ significantly across quadrants and choroidal eccentricity regions (p > 0.05). Conclusion: ChT distribution varies based on quadrant and eccentricity; superior choroid exhibited the thickest, and nasal showed the thinnest choroid. Higher myopes experience a reduced diurnal variation in ChT and AL.
Association between Bone Mineral Density and Physical Function of Indian Women

The purpose of this study to observe the difference in physiological and physical functioning parameters among the groups, to classify the predictor variables and to observe the independent and group effect of physiological and fitness variables on BMD. Total 34 Indian women were divided into three age groups Older (N = 11), Middle (N = 10) and Younger adult women (N = 13). Force Vital Capacity was measured through Spirometer. OSTA score was used to predict the BMD risk factors. BMD of the distal radius site measured through Quantity Ultrasound. Physical functioning test included grip strength, isometric back strength, balance, proprioceptive ability and gait velocity. For statistical analysis, One-Way ANOVA followed by Independent sample t-test, Factor Analysis and linear regression were computed. There were considerable correlation between Bone Mineral Density and the selected factors. It was concluded from this study that with progressing age BMD and physiological, physical functioning parameters gradually decline. Factor effect was more significantly predict the bone health status of all age group of women than the independent effect of the parameters. OSTA Index and velocity of gait independently predict the bone health status of all age group of women. BMD improved by the improvement of selective considerable factors.
Local solvability for semilinear Fuchsian equations

We consider a semilinear elliptic operator P on a manifold B with a conical singular point. We assume P is Fuchs type in the linear part and has a non–linear lower order therms. Using the Schauder fixed point theorem, we prove the local solvability of P near the conical point in the weighted Sobolev spaces.
DMSO_A_330212 4155..4163

1Department of Public Health, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, Xinjiang, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Social Work, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shihezi University Medical College, Shihezi, Xinjiang, People’s Republic of China; 3Department of NHC Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Central Asia High Incidence Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shihezi University Medical College, Shihezi, Xinjiang, People’s Republic of China
G (cid:1) q-dependent signaling cascades stimulate water-seeking behavior

G (cid:1) q-dependent signaling cascades stimulate water-seeking behavior. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 291: F781–F789, 2006. used the mouse nephrin promoter to express a constitutively active G (cid:1) q [G (cid:1) q(Q (cid:2) L)] transgene in mice. As previously reported, the transgene was expressed in kidney, pancreas, and brain, and the kidney phenotype was characterized by albuminuria and reduced nephron mass. Additional studies revealed a second phenotype characterized by polyuria and polydipsia. The polyuric phenotype was not caused by abnormal glucose metabolism or hypercalcemia but was accompanied by reduced urinary concentrating ability. Additional studies found that 1 ) water restriction was associated with an appropriate increase in serum vasopressin levels in transgenic (TG) mice; 2 ) the urinary concentrating defect was not corrected by administration of desamino-D -arginine vasopressin (DDAVP); and 3 ) papillary length was similar in TG and non-TG mice. To examine the renal response to DDAVP at the molecular level, we monitored aquaporin 2 (AQP2) and vasopressin V2 receptor (V2R) mRNA levels in mouse kidney. Consistent with the known effects of vasopressin, administration of DDAVP caused a decrease in V2R mRNA levels and an increase in AQP2 mRNA levels in both TG and non-TG animals, suggesting an appropriate renal response to DDAVP in the TG mice. To determine whether the urine concentrating abnormality was the result of primary polydipsia, water intake by TG mice was restricted to the amount ingested by non-TG animals. After 5 days, urinary concentrating ability was similar in TG mice and non-TG littermate controls. These data are consistent with the notion that expression of the G (cid:1) q(Q (cid:2) L) transgene in the brain induced primary polydipsia in the TG mice. (Hatteras In-strument, Cary, NC). Albuminuria was evaluated using an enzyme immunoassay kit from Exocell. Statistical analysis. Data are presented as means (cid:5) SE. For comparison of continuous variables between two groups, statistical sig-niﬁcance was assessed by a Student’s t -test using the Instat computer program (GraphPad software).
CLEP_A_306857 439..451

1Department of Hematology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark; 2Department of Hematology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark; 3Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; 4Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Biology (DanStem), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; 5Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde, Denmark; 6Department of Hematology, Herlev Hospital, Herlev, Denmark; 7Department of Hematology, Vejle Hospital, Vejle, Denmark; 8Department of Hematology, Clinical Cancer Research Center, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark; 9Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark; 10Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark; 11Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark; 12Department of Hematology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark Background: The Danish Myelodysplastic Syndromes Database (DMDSD) comprises nearly all patients diagnosed with myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) in Denmark since 2010. The DMDSD has not yet been used for epidemiological research and the quality of registered variables remains to be investigated. Objective: To describe characteristics of the patients registered in the DMDSD and to calculate predictive values and the proportion of missing values of registered data records. Methods: We performed a nationwide cross-sectional validation study of recorded disease and treatment data on MDS patients during 2010–2019. Patient characteristics and the proportion of missing values were tabulated. A random sample of 12% was drawn to calculate predictive values with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of 48 variables using information from medical records as a reference standard. Results: Overall, 2284 patients were identified (median age: 76 years, men 62%). Of these, 10% had therapy-related MDS, and 6% had an antecedent hematological disease. Hemoglobin level was less than 6.2 mmol/L for 59% of patients. Within the first two years of treatment, 59% received transfusions, 35% received erythropoiesis-stimulating agents, and 15% were treated with a hypomethylating agent. For the majority of variables (around 80%), there were no missing data. A total of 260 medical records were available for validation. The positive predictive value of the MDS diagnosis was 92% (95% CI: 88–95). Predictive values ranged from 64% to 100% and exceeded 90% for 36 out of 48 variables. Stratification by year of diagnosis suggested that the positive predictive value of the MDS diagnosis improved from 88% before 2015 to 95% after. Conclusion: In this study, there was a high accuracy of recorded data and a low proportion of missing data. Thus, the DMDSD serves as a valuable data source for future epidemiological studies on MDS.
Outcomes of De nitive Chemoradiotherapy for Stage Iva (T4b Vs N4) Esophageal Cancer Based on the Japanese Classi cation System: A Retrospective Single-center Study

Yuki Wada (  ywada@med.akita-u.ac.jp ) Department of Radiology, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine 1-1-1 Hondo, Akita, Akita 0108543, Japan https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2013-7413 Akira Anbai Department of Radilogy, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine Noriko Takagi Akita University: Akita Daigaku Satoshi Kumagai Department of Radiology, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine Eriko Okuyama Department of Radiology, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine Hiroshi Nanjo Akita University: Akita Daigaku Yusuke Sato Esophageal Surgery, Akita University Hospital Satoru Motoyama Esophageal Surgery, Akita University Hospital Manabu Hashimoto Department of Radilogy, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine
Geometric Models for Noncommutative Algebras

UNIVERSAL ENVELOPING ALGEBRAS Algebraic constructions The Poincare-Birkhoff-Witt theorem POISSON GEOMETRY Poisson structures Normal forms Local Poisson geometry POISSON CATEGORY Poisson maps Hamiltonian actions DUAL PAIRS Operator algebras Dual pairs in Poisson geometry Examples of symplectic realizations GENERALIZED FUNCTIONS Group algebras Densities GROUPOIDS Groupoids Groupoid algebras Extended groupoid algebras ALGEBROIDS Lie algebroids Examples of Lie algebroids Differential geometry for Lie algebroids DEFORMATIONS OF ALGEBRAS OF FUNCTIONS Algebraic deformation theory Weyl algebras Deformation quantization.