Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Patterns and Drivers of Carbon Dioxide Concentrations in Aquatic Ecosystems of the Arctic Coastal Tundra

Multiple aquatic ecosystems (pond, lake, river, lagoon, and ocean) on the Arctic Coastal Plain near Utqiaġvik, Alaska, USA, were visited to determine their relative atmospheric CO2 flux and how this may have changed over time. The nearshore coastal waters and large freshwater lakes were small sinks of atmospheric CO2, whereas smaller waterbodies were substantial sources. pCO2 was linked to dissolved organic carbon concentrations across broad spatial and temporal scales, with greater concentrations found in smaller freshwater systems (i.e., ponds and rivers). On a day‐to‐day basis, water temperatures appeared to be the strongest driver of pCO2 levels in tundra ponds, where warmer temperatures likely stimulated microbial mineralization of carbon in both aquatic and hydrologically linked terrestrial environments. Large rainfall events, which may lead to inflow of carbon‐rich groundwater into these ponds, also were associated with increased daily average pCO2. Based on comparison to historical data, we estimate that CO2 concentrations in tundra ponds have increased more than 1.8 times over the past 40 years. Quantifying CO2 flux from these abundant aquatic ecosystems on the Arctic Coastal Plain and elsewhere in the high northern latitudes will likely have important implications for furthering understanding of landscape‐level and nearshore carbon dynamics in the Arctic.
EVALUATION OF STEM SOLUBLE CARBOHYDRATE ACCUMULATION AND REMOBILIZATION IN SPRING BREAD WHEAT GENOTYPES UNDER TERMINAL HEAT STRESS CONDITIONS IN AHWAZ IN IRAN

Mojtabaie Zamani, M. , M. Nabipour and M. Meskarbashee. 2013. Evaluation of stem soluble carbohydrate accumulation and remobilization in spring bread wheat genotypes under terminal heat stress conditions in Ahwaz in Iran. Iranian Journal of Crop Sciences. 15(3): 277-294. (In Persian). To evaluate the capability of different spring bread wheat genotypes for storage and remobilization of stem water soluble carbohydrates (WSC) and their response to heat stress conditions during grain filling period, a field experiment was carried out as factorial arrangement in randomized complete block design with three replications in 2010-2011 growing season under Ahwaz conditions in Iran. The experimental factors consisted of 10 medium maturity spring bread wheat genotypes (Chamran, Atrak, Aflak, Dez, Falat, Darab-2, Kavir, Pishtaz, S-78-11, S83-3) and two sowing dates; optimum (12 November) and the late sowing date (21 December). Results showed that spring bread wheat genotypes were significantly different in stem specific weight, WSC concentration and content, stem WSC remobilization and its efficiency. In heat stress conditions in the late sowing date, the amount of WSC remobilization from stem to grain and its efficiency increased by 29% and 33%, respectively. In both sowing dates, maximum stem specific weight had significant association with maximum WSC concentration and the amount of remobilized WSC, and it was considered as a suitable criteria for selecting genotypes with maximum storage and remobilization capability of stem reserves. In the late sowing date, grains.pike was positively correlated with WSC remobilization. This implies the effect of sink strength on increasing water soluble remobilization. However, there was no simple relationship between grain yield and stem reserves remobilization under heat stress conditions during grain filling period. Some genotypes supported grain growth either by maintaining green leaf area and current photosynthesis or by increasing remobilization of more stem reserves, under heat stress conditions. Key word: Grain filling, Grain.spike, High temperature stress, Remobilization efficiency and Spring bread wheat. Received: February 2013 Accepted: May 2013 1-PhD Student, University of Shahid Chamran, Ahvaz, Iran (Corresponding author) (Email: m_mahroo@yahoo.com) 2Professor, University of Shahid Chamran, Ahvaz, Iran 3-Associate Prof., University of Shahid Chamran, Ahvaz, Iran D ow nl oa de d fr om a gr ob re ed jo ur na l.i r at 1 5: 11 + 04 30 o n W ed ne sd ay M ay 6 th 2 02 0
Electoral Reckonings: Press Criticism of Presidential Campaign Coverage, 2000-2016

ABSTRACT The cyclical nature of presidential elections provides regular opportunities for journalists to reflect on patterns in election coverage. This study presents a textual analysis of press criticism of presidential election coverage from 2000 to 2016. We identified three prevalent ethical issues in press criticism over this period: Failing to exercise independent judgment; Failing to provide a representative picture of the electorate; and Underestimating new and emerging technologies. We also observed a broader debate throughout press criticism about whether journalists should act as neutral disseminators of information or be impassioned advocates for the truth, the public, and their own role in democracy. Finally, we noted the peculiarities of the 2016 election and what Donald Trump’s conduct, attitude to the press, and ultimate victory meant for the ethics and practices of traditional journalism.
The metabolic fate and bioactivity of anthocyanins in humans

Anthocyanins, the class of flavonoid responsible for giving a red hue to many berries, have been associated with a decreased risk of cardiovascular disease. However, numerous intervention studies feeding anthocyanin-rich foods report limited (<1%) bioavailability of the parent anthocyanins in vivo. Due to the instability of anthocyanins at neutral pH, it is postulated that degradation products and metabolites of anthocyanins may be responsible for the perceived bioactive effects. The aims of the present thesis were: (1) To model and establish analytical methods for the extraction and quantification of putative anthocyanin metabolites in urine, serum and faecal samples. (2) To identify and explore the pharmacokinetics of anthocyanin metabolites via the analysis of urine, serum and faecal samples from two human interventions, feeding either (a) 500 mg of isotopically (13C5) labelled anthocyanin or (b) 500 mg elderberry anthocyanins for 12 wks. (3) To explore the impact of acute (500 mg) versus chronic (500 mg/day for 12 wks) anthocyanin consumption on their metabolism and (4) To investigate the anti-inflammatory activity of six anthocyanin metabolites at physiologically relevant concentrations (0.01 μM to 10 μM) using human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Following the consumption of 500 mg elderberry anthocyanins, 28 anthocyanin metabolites were identified in urine and 21 in plasma, with the phenolic metabolites within plasma identified at 45 fold higher levels than their parent compounds. Similar results were observed within the 13C-labelled anthocyanin intervention, where 17 13C-labelled compounds were identified in serum and 31 in urine. However, chronic consumption of anthocyanins had no impact on the formation of the metabolites. The cardiovascular bioactivity of anthocyanins may be linked to the antiinflammatory activity of their metabolites. IL-6 and VCAM-1 are cytokines and adhesion molecules integral to the initiation and progression of inflammation. In vitro, anthocyanin metabolites reduced CD40L and TNF-α stimulated expression of the inflammatory markers, sVCAM-1 and IL-6, indicating that the anti-inflammatory effects of anthocyanins are likely attributed to their metabolites. In conclusion, the present thesis provides a new understanding into the metabolism and bioactivity of anthocyanins, which should provide an informative insight into how the consumption of higher intakes of anthocyanins may contribute to optimising human health.
Associations between adolescent mental health and health-related behaviours in 2005 and 2015: A population cross-cohort study

Adolescent mental ill-health is a growing concern. There is little understanding of changes over time in the associations between mental health and health-related behaviours and outcomes such as substance use, anti-social behaviour and obesity. We investigate whether the associations between different health-related outcomes in adolescence are changing over time in two recent cohorts of adolescents born ten years apart.Data from two UK birth cohort studies, the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC, born 1991-92, N=5627, 50.7% female) and Millennium Cohort Study (MCS, born 2000-2, N=11318, 50.6% female) at age 14 sweeps are used. The health outcomes of focus are depressive symptom score, substance use (alcohol, smoking, cannabis and other drugs), antisocial behaviours (assault, graffiti, vandalism, shoplifting and rowdy behaviour), weight (BMI), weight perception (perceive self as overweight) and sexual activity (had sexual intercourse). Regression analyses are conducted to examine associations between these variables with cohort as a moderator to examine cohort differences.The directions of associations between mental-health and health-related behaviours (eg smoking) are similar over time, however, their strength across the distribution has changed. While smoking and alcohol use behaviours are decreasing in adolescents, those that endorse these behaviours in 2015 are more likely to have co-occurring mental-health than those born in 2005. Similarly, higher BMI is more strongly associated with depressive symptoms in 2015 compared to 2005.Adverse health-related outcomes such as greater substance use, mental health difficulties and higher BMI appear to be more likely to cluster together in the more recent cohort, with implications for public health planning, service provision and lifelong disease burden.Adverse health outcomes like internalising mental ill-health, substance use and high BMI were more likely to co-occur in 2015 than 2005, albeit decreases in prevalence of substance use and antisocial behaviours and increases in internalising mental ill-health and BMI over this decade. This has implications for their causal associations and appropriate public-health action.
Polyphenol content, profile, and distribution in old, traditional apple varieties

Apples are an important source of polyphenols in the human diet. They have also shown many potentially beneficial effects on human health. Old, traditional apple varieties grown in the past could also be valuable varieties but little is known about their polyphenolic compounds and characteristics in general. The aim of this study was to collect 25 old, traditional apple varieties, to determine their polyphenolic profile and the amounts of total polyphenols in the peel and flesh, and to compare them with a commercial variety. To the best of our knowledge, some of those varieties have never been studied before (‘Mašanka’, ‘Bobovac’, ‘Batulenka’, ‘Krastavka’). Total polyphenols were determined by using the Folin-Ciocalteu method and individual polyphenol identification was done by using an RP-HPLC. The flesh contained 170 to 941 mg kg-1 fresh weight (FW) of total polyphenols, and the peel contained 931 to 3791 mg kg-1 FW. In comparison to the commercial variety, the peel of all old varieties had higher polyphenol content, while the flesh of only some old varieties was richer in polyphenols. Principal component analysis showed possible clustering. Eighteen individual polyphenols were distributed in apple peel and flesh. The dominant polyphenol subgroups in the peel were flavonols (18 to 80 %) and flavan-3-ols (6 to 66 %), and in the flesh those subgroups were phenolic acids (41 to 85 %) and flavan-3-ols (3-49 %).
Solar-Wind Structure

The hot solar atmosphere continually expands out into space to form the solar wind, which drags with it the Sun’s magnetic field. This creates a cavity in the interstellar medium, extending far past the outer planets, within which the solar magnetic-field dominates. While the physical mechanisms by which the solar atmosphere is heated are still debated, the resulting solar wind can be readily understood in terms of the pressure difference between the hot, dense solar atmosphere and the cold, tenuous interstellar medium. This results in an accelerating solar-wind profile which becomes supersonic long before it reaches Earth orbit. The large-scale structure of the magnetic field carried by the solar wind is that of an Archimedean spiral, owing to the radial solar-wind flow away from the Sun and the rotation of the magnetic footpoints with the solar surface. Within this relatively simple picture, however, is a range of substructure, on all observable time and spatial scales. Solar-wind flows are largely bimodal in character. “Fast” wind comes from open magnetic-field regions, which have a single connection to the solar surface. “Slow” wind, on the other hand, appears to come from the vicinity of closed magnetic field regions, which have both ends connected to the Sun. Interaction of fast and slow wind leads to patterns of solar-wind compression and expansion which sweep past Earth. Within this relatively stable structure of flows, huge episodic eruptions of solar material further perturb conditions. At the smaller scales, turbulent eddies create unpredictable variations in solar-wind conditions. These solar-wind structures are of great interest as they give rise to space weather that can adversely affect space- and ground-based technologies, as well as pose a threat to humans in space.
Convergence in the macroscopic anatomy of the reticulum in wild ruminant species of different feeding types and a new resulting hypothesis on reticular function

The reticulum is the second part of the ruminant forestomach, located between the rumen and the omasum and characterized by honeycomb-like internal mucosa. With its fluid contents, it plays a decisive role in particle separation. Differences among species have been linked to their feeding style. We investigated whether reticulum size (absolute and in relation to rumen size) and size of the crests that form the mucosal honeycomb pattern differ among over 60 ruminant species of various body sizes and feeding type, controlling for phylogeny. Linear dimensions generally scaled allometrically, that is to body mass0.33. With or without controlling for phylogeny, species that ingest a higher proportion of grass in their natural diet had both significantly larger (higher) rumens and higher reticular mucosa crests, but neither reticulum height nor reticulum width varied with feeding type. The height of the reticular mucosa crests represents a dietary adaptation in ruminants. We suggest that the reticular honeycomb structures do not separate particles by acting as traps (neither for small nor for large particles), but that the structures reduce the lumen of the reticulum during contractions – at varying degrees of completeness in the different feeding types. In browsing species with rumen contents that may be less fluid and more viscous than those of the reticulum, incomplete closure of the lumen may allow the reticulum to retain the fluid necessary for particle separation. In grazing species, whose rumen contents are more stratified with a larger distinct fluid pool, a more complete closure of the reticular lumen due to higher crests may be beneficial as the reticulum can quickly re-fill with fluid rumen contents that contain pre-sorted particles.
Revisiting Multiple Intelligence Theory to Boost Writing Performance

This experimental study aimed to investigate the effect of Multiple Intelligence Theory on EFL learners’ writing performance. The issue of stimulating learners to become better writers was addressed through using a selection of activities prepared to trigger the multiple intelligences defined by the founder of Multiple Intelligence theory, Howard Gardner. In the study, both experimental and control groups analyzed the same materials. The course of treatment for the experimental group was outlined through inclusion of multiple intelligences activities during ‘while-stage’ of writing. In the control group, on the other hand, there was not any intervention in the planned flow. The results of the study yielded that the learners whose multiple intelligences were activated during implementation displayed better performance in writing. The findings are discussed in line with the current status and several implications are provided for utilizing the multiple intelligences in ELT.
Recovery timeline following resistance training in professional female soccer players

ABSTRACT Objective Determine the time-course of recovery after a resistance training session (RT) in female soccer players. Methods Ten Brazilian female professional soccer players undertook testing prior to and at immediately, 24 and 48 h post-RT. RT was a high-speed and low-load session, consisting of three sets of six repetitions of lower body exercises at 50%1RM. Tests included countermovement jump (CMJ) and 20 m sprint, with the best and mean efforts recorded. Delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS), total quality recovery (TQR) and Brazilian Mood Scale (BRAMS) were collected. Repeated measures ANOVA with effect sizes (ES) assessed the time-course of recovery (α=0.05). Results Mean and best CMJ performance decreased immediately post-RT (p<0.05, ES=−0.49; −0.65, respectively), though no significant differences and trivial-small effects existed at 24h (p>0.05, ES=−0.15; −0.08) and 48h (p>0.05, ES=0.14; −0.21). No significant differences and trivial-small effects were evident at any time for mean or best 10m (p>0.05, ES=−0.18–0.26) or 20m (p>0.05, ES=−0.08–0.19) performance. DOMS, TQR, fatigue and vigor did not change following RT (p>0.05; ES=-0.51-0.48). Conclusion Light-load, high-speed RT induces only small, immediate changes in CMJ, without prolonged suppression of recovery parameters. Such training seems feasible for inclusion in competitive micro-cycles at least 24h prior to the next match.
A CONTRIBUIÇÃO DO GENE HALOTANO SOBRE AS CARACTERÍSTICAS DE QUALIDADE DA CARNE SUÍNA 1 THE CONTRIBUTION OF THE HALOTHANE GENE TO THE QUALITY CHARACTERISTICS OF PORK

). Asmedidas efetuadas foram: espessura de toucinho e de musculo,percentagem de carne, peso da carcaca, pH aos 45 minutos e 24horas apos o abate, no musculo Longissimus dorsi, cor, perda deliquido por gotejamento e identificacao do genotipo halotano emamostras de gordura atraves de PCR-RFLP. Suinos Hal
Density-dependent breeding success in mallards Anas platyrhynchos on a eutrophic lake

Census data from a eutrophic lake collected in 1987–1999 were used to study nesting and breeding success in mallards Anas platyrhynchos. In each year there were 6–19 pair counts and 13–34 brood counts. The maximum combined count of single males and pairs (i.e. on any day in any of three census periods in May) provided the best fit with subsequent estimates of breeding success. Nesting success (average brood:pair ratio = 0.52), brood size of older ducklings (mean = 5.7) as well as fledgling success (2.86 juveniles per nesting pair) were higher than in many previous mallard studies. Per capita brood production as well as per capita fledgling production was negatively density dependent, but the latter was not statistically independent of the former. There was no correlation between per capita fledgling success and duckling mortality on a year-by-year basis, hence the density-dependent pattern in breeding success appears to be mediated through variation in nesting success. The number of paired females at the start of the breeding season correlated positively with the production of fledged juveniles the year before.
Proline Accumulation in Oil Palm Polyembryogenic Cultures Under Various Conditions

Low temperature of 15˚C to 20˚C was observed to suppress the growth and multiplication capacity of oil palm polyembryogenic cultures.This condition enabled the cultures to be maintained for at least six months duration without subculture and thus was suitable for minimal growth storage of invitro cultures. Proline, a . universal stress indicator,was found to accumulate in oil palm cultures under low temperature and moisture stresses(sucrose treatment)but not under anaerobic stress (non-agitated liquid media treatment). Sucrose treatment at 0.5 M caused moisture reduction and induced proline accumulation. In addition, when combined with low temperature storage it extended the low temperature tolerance and prolonged the subculture duration for at least nine months. The application of exogenous proline and ornithine at 10 mM could also induce proline accumulation in the cultures. However, only low level of proline accumulated with application of glutamic acid, glutamine and arginine Inconsistent pattern was observed with pyrroline-S-carboxylic acid (PSC). PSC reductase (EC1.5.1.2) and ornithine aminotrans ferase ( EC2.6.1.13) were found to involve directly/indirectly with proline biosynthes is in polyembryogenic cultures. The specific activities of these enzymes and soluble protein were higher under low temperature and moisture stresses. Since exogenous ornithine could induce proline accumulation and there was an active involvement of ornithine aminotransferase, ornithine could be one of the preferred precursors for proline biosynthes is in oil palm cultures. Similarly, Thioproline (proline analog) increased proline accumulation but produced some toxic effect which eventually killed the cultures. Polyembryogenic cultures were found to utilize the exogenous proline and ornithine more efficiently in the liquid media than in the solid media. The proline in accumulated cultures which were treated with exogenous proline, ornithine and subjected to low temperature stress was observed to return to normal level on transferring to the normal media and conditions. This suggested that the proline accumulated was readily utilizable when re turned to normal condition sand could be considered as a labile metabolite in oil palm polyembryogenic cultures.
Targeted school‐based interventions for improving reading and mathematics for students with, or at risk of, academic difficulties in Grades 7–12: A systematic review

School‐based interventions targeting students with, or at risk of, academic difficulties in Grades 7–12 have on average positive effects on standardised tests in reading and maths. The most effective interventions have the potential to considerably decrease the gap between at‐risk and not‐at‐risk students. Effects vary substantially between interventions, however, and the evidence for using certain instructional methods or targeting certain domains is weaker.
Influence of Filler on Mechanical and Di-electric Properties of Coir and Luffa Cylindrica Fiber Reinforced Epoxy Hybrid Composites

ABSTRACT Natural fiber hybrid composites were prepared by Hand layup technique by reinforcing coir, silk squash, and CaCO3. Both coir and silk squash is maintained constant weight proportion of 10 wt. % and 5.7 wt. %, respectively, whereas as CaCO3 is varied with three different proportions (0, 2 and 4 wt. %). Mechanical and dielectric properties were evaluated on the fabricated composite samples. Influence of filler content on adhesive bonding of the fractured composite samples was studied using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Higher filler content in the composite attained high mechanical properties, similar with the dielectric properties as well. The potential applications of the present fabricated composite samples are found to be increase in automobile and building industry in near future.