Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
DNA‐based discrimination between the sibling species Aphis gossypii Glover and Aphis frangulae Kaltenbach

Abstract Morphologically similar species occur in various groups of insects, including aphid pests. In Europe, Aphis frangulae Kaltenbach and Aphis gossypii Glover (sometimes considered as subspecies) are differentiated usually on the basis of life cycle and host plant. We used a sexual population of A. frangulae collected on the primary host and samples of A. gossypii collected on cucurbits or cotton for the development of molecular markers. DNA sequence data for the gene encoding cytochrome b and for the barcode region of cytochrome oxidase I, as well as a length polymorphism for an intron in the sodium channel para‐type gene discriminated unambiguously between the two taxa. These markers were also used as identification keys for aphids collected on crops belonging to the Solanaceae. The cytochrome b marker differentiates host‐related Aphis gossypii haplotypes, and the para‐type gene intron might be suitable for the resolution of taxonomic problems in other aphid species complexes.
PENGARUH DISCRETIONARY ACCRUAL, BEBAN PAJAK TANGGUHAN DAN BEBAN PAJAK KINI TERHADAP MANAJEMEN LABA

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh discretionary accrual, beban pajak tangguhan dan beban pajak kini terhadap manajemen laba pada perusahaan makanan dan minuman yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan data sekunder yaitu laporan keuangan pada perusahaan manufaktur bidang makanan dan minuman yang tercatat di Bursa Efek Indonesia. Sampel yang digunakan sebanyak 6 perusahaan dengan menggunakan metode purposive sampling dan dianalisis dengan SPSS versi 16. Pengujian hipotesis menggunakan uji simultan (uji F). Hasil pengujian hipotesis menunjukan bahwa discretionary accrual, beban pajak tangguhan dan beban pajak kini tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap manajemen laba. Kata Kunci : beban pajak kini, beban pajak tangguhan, discretionary accrual, manajemen laba.
Monoclonal antibodies to dynein subunits reveal the existence of cytoplasmic antigens in sea urchin egg

Monoclonal antibodies directed against subunits of a sea urchin flagellar dynein were used to test for the presence of cytoplasmic antigens in preparations of fertilized eggs and mitotic apparati . A 9- 10 S complex composed of 330,000-, 134,000-, and 126,000-mol-wt subunits was isolated from outer arms of Strongylocentrotus purpuratus sperm flagella and used to characterize the antibodies. Seven monospecific antibodies to the 330,000 subunit and two against the 134,000 subunit of the 9-10 S complex were identified by binding to nitrocellulose blots of electrophoretograms resolving polypeptides from different dynein preparations. The antibodies were applied also to blots of polypeptides from fertilized sea urchin egg at the first metaphase and a cellular fraction of mitotic apparati . Three of the antibodies to the 330,000 subunit bound to a cytoplasmic polypeptide of approximately the same molecular weight and the two antibodies to the smaller subunits recognized a polypeptide of 124,000 apparent molecular weight. Both antigens appeared to be enriched in the fraction containing mitotic apparati . These results indicate that polypeptides similar to two subunits of the 9-10 S complex are present in eggs at metaphase, and they are apparently associated with the mitotic apparatus.
Effect of Dietary Ginseng Herb (Ginsana® G115) Supplementation on Growth, Feed Utilization, and Hematological Indices of Nile Tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus (L.), Fingerlings

The present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of dietary ginseng herb (Ginsana® G115) supplementation on growth performance, feed utilization, and hematological indices of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus (L.), fingerlings. A total of 378 Nile tilapia fingerlings with an average body weight of 24.4 ± 0.2 g were divided in the six experimental treatments (three replicates each). The experiment was conducted for 17 wk. Six isonitrogenous, 27.2% digestible protein and isocaloric, 12.3 MJ/kg digestible energy experimental diets were formulated. The control diet had no Ginsana G115 added. Diets 2–6 each contained Ginsana G115 at levels of 50, 100, 150, 200, and 250 mg/kg, respectively. Growth performance and feed utilization efficiency of Nile tilapia were significantly (P ≤ 0.05) higher in all treatments receiving Ginsana G115-supplemented diets than the control diet. Red blood cells counts, hematocrit, and hemoglobin significantly (P ≤ 0.05) increased with increasing dietary Ginsana G115 levels compared to those of the control diet. The same trend was observed for total plasma protein and total plasma globulin levels. The results of present study suggested that Nile tilapia fingerlings fed diets containing at least 200 mg/kg Ginsana G115 for 17 wk had enhanced growth performance, diet utilization efficiency, and hematological indices.
Cytological investigation of the Achillea millefolium complex (Compositae) in Quebec

The study of the chromosome numbers of over 112 individuals belonging to the Achillea millefolium L. complex (Compositae) and the examination of the pollen of about 200 herbarium specimens have led to the following conclusions; the A. millefolium complex, in Quebec, includes tetraploids (2n = 36), hexaploids (2n = 54), and various hybrid types. Tetraploids could be divided into two taxa: the southernmost is A. lanulosa Nutt. with small pollen grains and light brown or yellowish-margined phyllaries while the northern or alpine plants, corresponding to A. nigrescens (E. Mey.) Rydb. , possess large pollen grains and dark-margined phyllaries. The two species, in contact zones, seem to hybridize freely. Hexaploids comprise purple-flowered introduced individuals escaping from cultivation, white or pink individuals, also introduced, and possibly a native taxon. The introduced hexaploids belong to A. millefolium s.str. and the purple-flowered variety frequently hybridizes with A. lanulosa giving rise to pentaploid.
Inhibitory Activity of Ethanolic Extract of Horseradish (Moringa oleifera) (Lam) on Oxidative Stress Parameters in Some Organs of Dexamethazone Induced Hypertensive Wistar Rats

The use of herbal remedies in various local communities throughout the world to assuage the scourge of indigenous diseases has gained tremendous popularity. One of the many plants species of herbal remedies is Moringa oleifera (horseradish) which has been widely used in West Africa and Nigeria in particular for treating numerous human ailments such as malnutrition, cardiovascular, hepatotocicity and many others. Regardless of its wide use by communities around the world, there is inadequate scientific information available on the actual pharmacological effects of ethanolic extract of Moringa oleifera leaves on the heart and kidney dysfunction. Hence this work aimed at determining the inhibitory activity of ethanolic extract of horseradish on oxidative stress in the heart and kidney of dexamethazone induced hypertensive wistar albino rats. The air-dried leaves of horseradish were pulverized and crude ethanolic extract was prepared. The animals were grouped into four groups of five animals each. Group A animals served as control and fed with water and feed while Groups B and C animals were administered with 0.5 mL of 40% w/v ethanolic extract of Moringa oleifera leaf and 0.5 ml of 1.67 mg/kg body weight dexamethasone respectively. Group D animals were treated with 0.5 ml of 1.67 mg/kg body weight dexamethasone and 0.5 mL of 40% ethanolic extract of Moringa oleifera leaf intermittently for 21 days. The results obtained from the study showed that the ethanolic extract of Moringa oleifera leaf possessed the ability to inhibit and reverse the dexamethasone mediated tissues oxidative damage of both organs as seen in cholesterol, reduced glutathione and malondialdehyde concentrations. The same protective trend was also observed in activities of alkaline phosphatase, aspartate transaminase, alanine transaminase and catalase enzymesin both organs of the hypertensive rats. Hence, ethanolic extract of Moringa oleifera leaf reduced the extent of antioxidant loss and restoration of organ dysfunction caused by dexamethasone in the rats.
Biogenic amines during ripening in'Semicotto Caprino'cheese: role of enterococci

Summary Semicotto Caprino is a traditional goats' cheese manufactured in the Basilicata region (Southern Italy). Four experimental lots of cheeses were produced from separate batches of milk. All the biogenic amines monitored increased during ripening, the most abundant at each ripening time being putrescine, followed by tryptamine and tyramine. Histamine was not detected at 15 days, but it reached 104 mg kg-1 cheese at the end of ripening (60 days). A good correlation between free amino acids and total biogenic amines production was found. Strains of enterococci were isolated from all batches of goats' cheese and characterized for amine production and proteolytic activity. HPLC analysis showed that the isolates produced 2-phenylethylamine, tryptamine, cadaverine, spermidine and, sometimes, spermine. The high amine-positive strains were also highly proteolytic. In the growth medium with a mixture of amino acid precursors added, the tested isolates produced more amines, even if at different levels.
A method for the extraction of chlorophyll from leaf tissue without maceration

A simple, rapid method requiring few manipulations for the extraction of chlorophylls from fragmented leaf tissue of angiosperms and gymnosperms is compared with the widely used acetone method. Unlike the acetone method where grinding and subsequent centrifugation are essential, this method makes use of incubation at 65 °C of leaf tissue immersed in dimethyl sulphoxide. The new method was found to be as efficient as acetone for chlorophyll extraction and superior in terms of chlorophyll stability.
Henslow's Sparrow Winter-Survival Estimates and Response to Prescribed Burning

Abstract Wintering Henslow's sparrow (Ammodramus henslowii) populations rely on lands managed with prescribed burning, but the effects of various burn regimes on their overwinter survival are unknown. We studied wintering Henslow's sparrows in coastal pine savannas at the Mississippi Sandhill Crane National Wildlife Refuge, Jackson County, Mississippi, USA, during January and February 2001 and 2002. We used the known-fate modeling procedure in program MARK to evaluate the effects of burn age (1 or 2 growing seasons elapsed), burn season (growing, dormant), and calendar year on the survival rates of 83 radiomarked Henslow's sparrows. We found strong evidence that Henslow's sparrow survival rates differed by burn age (with higher survival in recently burned sites) and by year (with lower survival rates in 2001 likely because of drought conditions). We found some evidence that survival rates also differed by burn season (with higher survival in growing-season sites), although the effects of burn season were only apparent in recently burned sites. Avian predation was the suspected major cause of mortality (causing 6 of 14 deaths) with 1 confirmed loggerhead shrike (Lanius ludovicianus) depredation. Our results indicated that recently burned savannas provide high-quality wintering habitats and suggested that managers can improve conditions for wintering Henslow's sparrows by burning a large percentage of savannas each year.
IMMUNOCOMPETENT CELLS OF THE CHICKEN

Specific antisera to chicken thymus and to bursa of Fabricius were obtained in rabbits. After appropriate absorption and dilution all four anti-thymus sera, in the presence of guinea pig C', killed >90% of thymus and ≦12% of bursa cells. They were cytotoxic for approximately 50% of spleen cells and did not affect antibody-forming cells. The surface antigen detected by these antisera was named chicken T-lymphocyte antigen (CTLA). Two of four anti-bursa sera, under similar conditions, killed >90% of bursa cells and ≦10% of thymus cells. These antisera were cytotoxc for a large percentage of antibody-forming cells and killed approximately 30% of spleen cells The other two anti-bursa sera were somewhat less potent but showed similar specificity. The surface antigen detected by these antisera was named chicken bursa-derived lymphocyte antigen (CBuLA). Rabbit antisera to chicken immunoglobulin were cytotoxic for bursa but not for thymus cells and killed a similar percentage of spleen cells as did anti-bursa sera. They were also cytotoxic for antibody-forming cells.
Sinopse de Huberia DC. (Melastomataceae: Merianieae)

This paper is a synopsis of the genus Huberia which has been recently reviewed. It is a neotropical genus comprising 16 species that occur in the Brazilian Atlantic coast and in the Andean cordillera, from south Ecuador to northwest Peru. The author provides a description of the genus, a key, and nomenclatural types, synonymy, distribution, brief habitat descriptions, vernacular names, and a list specimens examined referring to each species. Taxonomic affinities of the species and systematic position of the genus are commented.
INFLUENCE OF WILD FLOWERS ON PARASITISM OF TENT CATERPILLAR AND CODLING MOTH

Abstract Surveys in unsprayed orchards showed that the wild flowers that are food sources for adult parasites influence the extent to which host Lepidoptera are parasitized. Proportionately about 18 times as many tent caterpillar pupae were parasitized in orchards with rich undergrowths of wild flowers as in orchards with poor floral undergrowths. The corresponding figures for tent caterpillar egg parasitisms were about 4 to 1, and for codling moth larvae about 5 to 1. Orchards with average undergrowths of wild flowers produced intermediate figures.
Evidence for exploration behaviour in young roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) prior to dispersal

Natal dispersal is a three-phase process: the decision to leave the natal range, the search phase and finally the settlement phase. Not much is known about the search phase in large herbivores. We quantified the search behaviour of young roe deer from two contrasting populations, using different measures: search area, search rate, search intensity and philopatry of the search. A Principal Component Analysis showed that most measures were highly correlated. Comparing the first axis from this analysis between adult and young roe deer from the two different populations while controlling for habitat quality, we found that the young occupied a larger area, ranged on average farther away and performed more excursions than adults, regardless of their sex. These findings support the hypothesis that young roe deer explore their environment before definitively leaving their natal home range and settling in their adult range.
Heat production of skip-a-day and daily fed broiler breeder pullets.

Four broiler breeder pullets were reared on a skip-a-day feeding regimen according to breeder recommendations; another four pullets were fed daily the same average feed intake as the skip-a-day fed birds. At 15–17 wk of age the average and diurnal pattern of heat production and respiration quotients were determined using an open-circuit respiration calorimeter. Lower body weights of the skip-a-day fed birds may have been due to the day-to-day fluctuation in nutrient availability. Skip-a-day fed birds produced more heat per kilogram body mass. The diurnal pattern of heat production and respiration quotients indicated that skip-a-day fed birds were absorbing nutrients on the feed-day but were fasting for most of the off-feed day. Key words: Broiler breeder, feed restriction, heat production
SYNERGISM OF THE FOLLICLE STIMULATING AND LUTEINIZING HORMONES IN PRODUCING OGEN SECRETION1

THE PITUITARY gonadotropic hormones (FSH and LH) have been shown to be complementary in ovarian development and in the production of secretion of male hormone from the testes. This paper extends the observations previously reported on the synergism of the two factors in the initiation of secretion of estrogen from the ovaries of rats (1). It has been generally believed that FSH is the factor which initiates estrogen secretion from the follicles whose growth it stimulates. While this may be essentially true it has been found that LH in conjunction with FSH increases thesecretion of estrogen over that produced by FSH alone. LH alone, on the other hand, is inactive for this reaction in the immature ovary. The FSH and LH used in these experiments were prepared from sheep itutitaries by methods previously reported (2). The purified and concentrated extracts were dried over phosphorous pentoxide invacuo at o°C. and the powders standardized and stored. Such powders have been found to retain their activity for at.
Phylogeny of the Strepsiptera based on morphological data of the first instar larvae

This investigation was the first cladistic analysis using morphological data of first instar larvae of Strepsiptera. The analysis of representatives of nearly all known families of Strepsiptera supports the division of Strepsiptera into Mengenillidia and Stylopidia. Corioxenidae and Elenchidae are placed at the base of Stylopidia. Halictophagidae is the sister group to Xeninae + Myrmecolacidae + Stylopinae. Xeninae is placed as the sister group to Myrmecolacidae + Stylopinae. Stylopidae are paraphyletic. Thus, Xenidae stat. n. is re‐established. A sister‐group relationship between Myrmecolacidae and Elenchidae is not supported on characters of first instar larvae.
Nitrogen effects on total flavonoids, chlorogenic acid, and antioxidant activity of the medicinal plant Chrysanthemum morifolium

Chrysanthemum morifolium (Ramat.) has a long history of cultivation and use as a traditional medicine and tea plant in China. A greenhouse experiment with potted soil-quarz mixture studied the effects of nitrogen supply (0, 56, 112, 167, 224, 334, 501, 556, and 668 mg Nkg -1 ) on concentrations and ratios of total flavonoids and chlorogenic acid in the flowers of C. morifolium using spectrophotometric and HPLC methods. The antioxidant activity of the flowers was determined as the radical scavenging activities of hydroxyl, superoxide anion, and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl hydrate (DPPH) free radicals. A high N supply decreased the concentrations of total flavonoids by 18%-35% and that of chlorogenic acid by 8%-60% compared to a low N-supply rate. At the same time, increasing N supply significantly decreased the antioxidant activity of the flowers. The antioxidant activity of C. morifolium flowers was significantly positively correlated with the concentrations of total flavonoids and chlorogenic acid. We conclude that an N supply in excess of 300 mg (kg soil) -1 will negatively affect the antioxidant activity and thereby reduce the quality of C. morifolium flowers.
Characters Association and Path Coefficient Analysis In Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.)

The extent of amenable genetic variability and association of important agronomic characters were determined in a set of 21 genotypes of sesame under Faisalabad conditions. The extent of genetic coefficient of variability, heritability and genetic advance as percent of mean in that order were 18.47,95.68,37.23; 89.04, 97.02, 1.33; 26.00, 94.49, 55.23; 12.81, 94.15, 25.61; 16.10, 99.02, 32.93 and 32.45, 99.97, 66.67 percent for plant height, number of branches per plant, number of capsules per plant, number of seed per capsule, 1000-seed weight and seed yield per plant, respectively. The number of capsules per plant contributed the highest towards seed yield followed by 1000-seed weight and plant height. Selection emphasis on these traits could result in improvement of seed yield.
Change in Hydraulic Resistance and Shoot Morphology of Napiergrass (Pennisetum purpureum Schumach.) under Shaded Condition

Abstract Acclimation to light condition is associated with change in water transport system in napiergrass. In this study, the effects of shading on shoot hydraulic resistance and morphology of napiergrass (Pennisetum purpureum Schumach.) were investigated. In the plants under shading (to 30% of full sunlight) for 30 days (S plants), total hydraulic resistance of a shoot (Rshoot) increased from that of full sunlight (control). In the plants grown under shade condition for 24 d followed by full sunlight conditions for 6 d (SF), the Rshoot value was intermediate between that of control and S plants. A similar response to shading was found in total hydraulic resistance of a stem (Rstem), which accounted for more than 60% of Rshoot, but the total hydraulic resistance of the leaves was not significantly affected by shading. Leaf length, leaf area and stem length were larger, but the stem cross-sectional area (SA) was smaller in S and SF plants than in the control plants. SF plants showed similar leaf length, leaf area and stem length to those in S plants, but the SA in SF plants was slightly larger. Normalization of Rstem by SA and stem length decreased the difference among the treatments, indicating the increase of Rshoot and Rstem under shading resulted from the decrease of SA and the increase of stem length.
PRODUCTION OF THE AFRICAN CATFISH (CLARIAS GARIEPINUS) II. POPULATION PRODUCTION AS ESTIMATED FROM SURPLUS PRODUCTION MODELS FOR LAKE MCILWAINE, ZIMBABWE

SUMMARY The population production of Clarias gariepinus was studied by Schaefer type surplus production models. The maximum sustainable yield of African catfish in Lake McIlwaine, Zimbabwe was found to be in the range of 33 000 to 41 000 kg (13,46 to 15,77 kg ha−1 a−1) with the total catch (of all species) in the range of 72 000 to 77 000 kg (27,69 to 29,62 kg ha−1 a−1). Overfishing, although present, in the traditional ‘temperate zone’ sense, does not appear to be a serious problem.
Basal ganglia lesions in corticobasal degeneration differ from those in Pick's disease and progressive supranuclear palsy: A topographic neuropathological study of six autopsy cases

The distribution of the lesions of the basal ganglia including the striatum, pallidum and subthalamic nucleus were investigated neuropathologically in six Japanese autopsy cases of corticobasal degeneration (CBD) using routine staining including the hematoxylin‐eosin (HE) and Holzer methods. We compared the distribution of these lesions with those reported in Pick's disease and progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP). The lesions were classified as mild, moderate or severe. The extent and distribution of basal ganglia lesions in all six cases was uniform: the pallidum showed severe lesions, the striatum moderate lesions, and the subthalamic nucleus mild lesions. In CBD, the degree and distribution of the lesions within the basal ganglia differed from those reported for Pick's disease and PSP; in Pick's disease the lesions of the striatum are more prominent than that of the pallidum, and in PSP the involvement of the subthalamic nucleus is more pronounced than that of the striatum. These neuropathological findings have implications for the morphological differential diagnosis among Pick's disease, CBD, and PSP.