Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Engagement in Cause-Related Marketing Reduces Pro-Environmental Behaviors

A prevailing marketing tactic, called cause-related marketing (CRM), involves donating to a charity contingent on consumer purchases. Building on moral licensing theory, the current research identifies a negative effect of engagement in CRM on consumers’ subsequent pro-environmental behaviors through two studies. Study 1 (N = 100) established that people act in less eco-friendly ways (i.e., consuming more water) after engaging in CRM that is associated with environmental benefits. Study 2 (N = 301) verified the above results in a larger sample and further revealed that even though engaging in CRM has no apparent environmental benefits, it also reduces the probability of behaving in environmentally friendly ways (i.e., choosing a low-carbon mode of transportation). Overall, the current research shows that the effects of CRM could spill over from the consumption domain into the environmental domain, calling attention to the net environmental effect of CRM.
Hierarchical Organization of Corticothalamic Projections to the Pulvinar

Abstract Signals from lower cortical visual areas travel to higher-order areas for further processing through cortico-cortical projections, organized in a hierarchical manner. These signals can also be transferred between cortical areas via alternative cortical transthalamic routes involving higher-order thalamic nuclei like the pulvinar. It is unknown whether the organization of transthalamic pathways may reflect the cortical hierarchy. Two axon terminal types have been identified in corticothalamic (CT) pathways: the types I (modulators) and II (drivers) characterized by thin axons with small terminals and by thick axons and large terminals, respectively. In cats, projections from V1 to the pulvinar complex comprise mainly type II terminals, whereas those from extrastriate areas include a combination of both terminals suggesting that the nature of CT terminals varies with the hierarchical order of visual areas. To test this hypothesis, distribution of CT terminals from area 21a was charted and compared with 3 other visual areas located at different hierarchical levels. Results demonstrate that the proportion of modulatory CT inputs increases along the hierarchical level of cortical areas. This organization of transthalamic pathways reflecting cortical hierarchy provides new and fundamental insights for the establishment of more accurate models of cortical signal processing along transthalamic cortical pathways.
Three‐dimensional reconstruction of porous polymer films from FIB‐SEM nanotomography data using random forests

Combined focused ion beam and scanning electron microscope (FIB‐SEM) tomography is a well‐established technique for high resolution imaging and reconstruction of the microstructure of a wide range of materials. Segmentation of FIB‐SEM data is complicated due to a number of factors; the most prominent is that for porous materials, the scanning electron microscope image slices contain information not only from the planar cross‐section of the material but also from underlying, exposed subsurface pores. In this work, we develop a segmentation method for FIB‐SEM data from ethyl cellulose porous films made from ethyl cellulose and hydroxypropyl cellulose (EC/HPC) polymer blends. These materials are used for coating pharmaceutical oral dosage forms (tablets or pellets) to control drug release. We study three samples of ethyl cellulose and hydroxypropyl cellulose with different volume fractions where the hydroxypropyl cellulose phase has been leached out, resulting in a porous material. The data are segmented using scale‐space features and a random forest classifier. We demonstrate good agreement with manual segmentations. The method enables quantitative characterization and subsequent optimization of material structure for controlled release applications. Although the methodology is demonstrated on porous polymer films, it is applicable to other soft porous materials imaged by FIB‐SEM. We make the data and software used publicly available to facilitate further development of FIB‐SEM segmentation methods.
Neotype designations and supplementary descriptions of Taiwanoppia subtropica Tseng, 1982 and Muliercula chiayiensis Tseng, 1984 (Acari: Oribatida: Oppiidae, Scheloribatidae)

Abstract The type materials of oribatid mites (Acari, Oribatida) included in Tseng's collections were lost, therefore, to ensure stability in zoological nomenclature, designation of neotypes is necessary. Based on the close morphological similarity of the collected specimens of Taiwanoppia subtropica Tseng, 1982 (Oppiidae) and Muliercula chiayiensis Tseng, 1984 (Scheloribatidae) from Taiwan to the original descriptions, we designate a neotype and paraneotypes for each of these species, and redescribe and illustrate them in detail.
On the possible use of Mongolian branchiopods and copepods to establish reference conditions for ecological quality assessment of lacustrine water bodies in Spain

espanolSe presenta una comparacion de grupos de Branchiopoda y Copepoda de lagos y humedales en dos territorios muy distantes de la region paleartica: la peninsula iberica y Mongolia. Los dos territorios tienen similitudes significativas en las caracteristicas hidromorfologicas y fisicoquimicas de sus masas de agua, y tambien en la estructura y composicion de su fauna de branquiopodos y copepodos. Algunas especies coinciden, otras son muy proximas taxonomicamente y otras se comportan como vicarias geograficas. Muchos de estos microcrustaceos se utilizan como indicadores de calidad ecologica en las masas de agua lentica de los paises europeos industrializados, donde las condiciones de referencia son frecuentemente dificiles de encontrar. Teniendo en cuenta la situacion inalterada de las masas de agua de Mongolia, se discute la alternativa de utilizar sus copepodos y branquiopodos, tras el necesario analisis de las equivalencias entre ellos y los de la peninsula iberica, como referencia para determinar el estado ecologico de los lagos en Espana. EnglishA comparison of assemblages of Branchiopoda and Copepoda living in lakes and wetlands in two very distant territories in the Palaearctic Region, the Iberian Peninsula and Mongolia, is presented. Both territories have significant similarities in the hydromorphological and physicochemical characteristics of their water bodies and in the structure and composition of their fauna of branchiopods and copepods. Some species occur in both areas, others are taxonomically closely related, and others behave as geographic vicariants. Most of these microcrustaceans are used as indicators of ecological quality of standing water bodies in industrialized European countries, where reference sites are frequently difficult to find. Taking into account the undisturbed conditions of Mongolian water bodies, the alternative of using their branchiopods and copepods, after setting the proper, statistically-based equivalence between Mongolian and Iberian species, as references to assess ecological status in Spain is discussed.
Exploring horticulturally important traits in apple using genetic mapping in populations of differing size and composition.

EXPLORING HORTICULTURALLY IMPORTANT TRAITS IN APPLE USING GENETIC MAPPING IN POPULATIONS OF DIFFERING SIZE AND COMPOSITION. Kendra A. McClure Co-advisors: University of Guelph, 2017 Dr. Istvan Rajcan Dr. Sean Myles Apple (Malus x domestica Borkh.) is a long-lived woody perennial important to international markets. Development of new apple cultivars historically has been protracted and expensive, largely due to its biology. We believe that locating markers linked to traits of interest and marker-assisted selection (MAS) at the seedling stage could accelerate this process. Quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping and genome-wide association studies (GWAS) for traits important to the sustainability and longevity of the Canadian apple industry, such as storage disorders, disease resistance, and fruit quality were conducted in three populations. Two QTL associated with the storage disorder soft scald were detected in the parental background of one F1 cross, but were not replicated across years, or when GWAS were conducted in a different population. Apple scab (Venturia ineaqualis [Cke.] Wint.) is a fungal pathogen that plagues growers in wet, humid climates, such as Nova Scotia. Significant genotype-phenotype GWAS associations were detected across seven different chromosomes for apple scab resistance in a germplasm collection of commercial cultivars. In the same population, GWAS also revealed SNPs associated with fruit quality traits, such as apple fruit skin colour and change in firmness during storage. Finally, a large, diverse germplasm collection and GWAS were used to explore flowering time and fruit quality. Significant marker-trait associations were found for flowering time in two years, but no clear candidate genes were identified. Fruit quality studies revealed several significant genotype-phenotype associations, including harvest date, fruit firmness, and acidity. This research will form the foundation of future studies for the development of markers that will assist with the development of new apple cultivars well-suited for Canadian and international markets.
A Terahertz Chiral Metamaterial Modulator

Active control of chirality in artificial media such as metamaterials is fundamental in many scientific areas, ranging from research into fundamental optical phenomena to the investigation of novel materials, spectroscopy, and imaging. Precise control of the light polarization states has great importance for light‐matter interaction in chemistry and biology, as media with diverse chiral properties react differently to the incoming polarization of light. In this work an active double layer metamaterial device based on vertically stacked ring resonators is realized by integrating electrostatically tunable graphene as an active element. The device is characterized with a THz time domain spectroscopic system demonstrating an all‐electrical control of circular dichroism and optical activity at ≈2 THz, reporting a tunable ellipticity of 0.55–0.98 and >20° rotation of the plane polarization, respectively, by modifying the conductivity of graphene. Further integration with a narrow frequency quantum cascade laser emitting at ≈1.9 THz, in a crossed polarizer experimental arrangement, realizes an active amplitude modulator, hence highlighting the versatility of this approach. These results represent an important milestone for the investigation of novel concepts in optics and in several applications in the THz range, such as wireless communications and spectroscopy.
Anatomical Aspects of Chilling Injury to Leaves of Phalaenopsis Bl.1

Phalaenopsis species often exhibit light green spots and/or pitting of the upper leaf surface during winter and spring. Results of this study indicate spotting and pitting can be induced by exposure to temperatures of 2°, 4°, and 7°C for 8 hours or less. The spots and/or pitted areas were always found between large vascular bundles. Light green or yellow spots on the leaves were caused by hypertrophied mesophyll cells between the main vascular bundles. Anatomical observations revealed the pitting was due to collapsed mesophyll cells. Severity of response depended on physiological age of the leaf and duration of exposure to the chilling temperature.
Vocalizations and Bioacoustic Analysis of Boana jaguariaivensis (Caramaschi, Cruz, and Segalla, 2010) (Anura: Hylidae)

Abstract. Acoustic signals are the main communication mechanisms in anuran amphibians. Herein is described the vocal repertoire, call variation, and calling site of Boana jaguariaivensis from a population of the Tibagi, Paraná State, southern Brazil. Seventeen males were recorded in December 2012 and February 2013. Males of B. jaguariaivensis used shrubs, herbs and grass as calling sites, and the eggs were deposited on branches in the water body. The advertisement call was composed of 1–4 notes with harmonic structure. Call B was composed of a single, pulsed note with harmonic structure. The distress call was composed of a single, pulsed harmonic note. All spectral parameters had static properties, whereas all temporal parameters had dynamic properties. Also, all acoustic properties varied more between than within males. The variation observed in the acoustic parameters of B. jaguariaivensis advertisement calls was not influenced by body size or air temperature. Data on vocal repertoires and factors that can change acoustic parameters are important for progress in research on the taxonomy, phylogeny and evolution of anuran amphibians.
Kinematics Measurement and Power Requirements of Fruitflies at Various Flight Speeds

Energy expenditure is a critical characteristic in evaluating the flight performance of flying insects. To investigate how the energy cost of small-sized insects varies with flight speed, we measured the detailed wing and body kinematics in the full speed range of fruitflies and computed the aerodynamic forces and power requirements of the flies. As flight speed increases, the body angle decreases and the stroke plane angle increases; the wingbeat frequency only changes slightly; the geometrical angle of attack in the middle upstroke increases; the stroke amplitude first decreases and then increases. The mechanical power of the fruitflies at all flight speeds is dominated by aerodynamic power (inertial power is very small), and the magnitude of aerodynamic power in upstroke increases significantly at high flight speeds due to the increase of the drag and the flapping velocity of the wing. The specific power (power required for flight divided by insect weigh) changes little when the advance ratio is below about 0.45 and afterwards increases sharply. That is, the specific power varies with flight speed according to a J-shaped curve, unlike those of aircrafts, birds and large-sized insects which vary with flight speed according to a U-shaped curve.
Analyzing proprietary, private label, and non-brands in fresh produce purchases

When purchasing packaged products within a supermarket, consumers choose between proprietary or private label brands. However, when purchasing fresh fruits and vegetables, non-branded produce is the dominant option—with proprietary and private label brands only recently becoming available. Previous fast-moving consumer goods (FMCG) research finds that proprietary and private label brands affect consumer loyalty—however, no research exists for fresh categories. This research is the first to determine the effect of emerging brands in fresh categories on consumer buying behavior. Our research examines consumers’ loyalty toward proprietary, private label, or non-branded fresh fruits and vegetables and the level of customer sharing between these options, using analytical approaches applicable to FMCG categories. The panel data contains nearly 46,000 households making over 8 million purchases in the United States during 2015. Results show that proprietary, private label, and now non-branded fresh produce have expected loyalty levels, for their size, and consumers share their purchases across the three options (i.e., consumers are not loyal to just one option). The study analyzes and interprets purchase data in fresh categories offering marketing academics and practitioners actionable advice for working with fresh produce purchase data.
Mixed effects of gating subterranean habitat on bats—A review

Caves and abandoned mines, roosting environments for many bat species including subterranean obligates, are under human pressure (e.g., recreation) and pose threats to humans. Gating entrances of these subterranean features prevents human entry while protecting habitat for bats. However, bat response to these gates is not well understood and no comprehensive synthesis with species-specific recommendations on protection measures for bat roosts exists. We reviewed literature on effects of gating subterranean habitat on bats and roost microclimate and found 22 studies and reports from North America, Australia, Europe, and Asia. Ten studies examined effects of gating on bat use, 9 described behavioral responses to gates, and 5 presented effects of gates on roost microclimate. Older gate designs (1950–1970), such as cement walls or iron doors, negatively affected bat use and roost microclimate, but responses to modern (1970s to present), bat-compatible gate designs varied. Short-term responses of bats to bat-compatible gates were negative and included increases in energetically expensive flight behaviors. Although long-term responses included a mix of population and species trends, we attribute these mixed responses in part to differences in flight agility among species. Bats with moderate to high agility (low wing loading, broad call bandwidths) adjust to gates, but species with low agility (high wing loading and narrow call bandwidths) may abandon sites after gating. Other factors including bat density in roosts and size of the cave or mine entrance also affect acceptance of gates and should be considered in gate design. Current gate designs are adequate for most species. Based on available literature, we recommend use of bat-compatible gates with horizontal bar spacing of 14.6 cm, bar types that offer high structural rigidity in areas where vandalism is likely, and periodic monitoring of gates to ensure they remain in good condition. © 2017 The Wildlife Society.
“Placing” the relation of social media participation to neighborhood community connection

ABSTRACT While the association of social media to neighborhood community connection (belongingness, cooperation, and trust with neighbors) has been explored, the influence of neighborhoods in this association has been left out of the inquiry. It is not clear whether the association of social media participation and community connection is independent from neighborhood context. To explore the influence of neighborhoods in this relationship, we utilized hierarchical linear models with individual data from the 2014/2015 Southeastern Pennsylvania Household Health Survey and neighborhood data from the 2010–2014 American Community Survey. Measuring social media participation based upon people’s usage of social networking sites to seek out services, we find social media is related to neighborhood community connection, regardless of where one lives. In other words, social media usage does not necessarily diminish one’s sense of neighborhood community. Neighborhood residential stability slightly moderates this relationship, demonstrating neighborhoods matter in social media’s relation to neighborhood community.
First complete skull of the Permian reptile Eunotosaurus africanus Seeley

The skull of Eunotosaurus is descriptionbed for the first time. It is essentially that of a primitive cotylosaurian reptile with small incipient temporal openings and an amphibian-like open palate. It is concluded that the suborder Eunotosauria should be transferred from the order Chelonia to the order Cotylosauria and that the genus must be precluded from the ancestry of the Chelonia.
Soil phosphorus fate and its lability after a long-term phosphorus fertilizer strategy in Brazilian Oxisol

ABSTRACT We aimed to assess the changes in soil phosphorus (P) pools and legacy P after long-term phosphate fertilization. A field study was conducted for 12 years with cotton and soybean crop production in a yearly rotation. Treatments included initial P buildup with five rates (0, 50, 100, 150 and 200 kg ha−1 of P2O5), and annual band-applied P at five rates (0, 30, 60, 90 and 120 kg ha−1 of P2O5). Soil was sampled at 0–20 and 20–40 cm and analyzed for soil P pools via a sequential P fractionation scheme. Higher annual P rates (60, 90 and 120 kg ha−1 of P2O5) improved significantly the residual soil P accumulation in labile fractions (+34, +53 and +67 mg kg−1 of P, respectively), while no effect of initial P buildup was detected. The cumulative yield increased with annually banded fertilizer rates, with a peak under 91 kg ha−1 of P2O5, representing a productivity of 4.11 Mg ha−1 per year across the 12-year period. Thus, P accumulation from annual rates in labile fractions (13%, ~110 mg kg−1 of P) represents promptly available P pool in the soil and may be considered for P fertilizer recommendation programs in crop production systems.
Crystal chemistry of the variscite and metavariscite groups: Crystal structures of synthetic CrAsO4⋅2H2O, TlPO4⋅2H2O, MnSeO4⋅2H2O, CdSeO4⋅2H2O and natural bonacinaite, ScAsO4⋅2H2O

Abstract We report the crystal structures of four synthetic members of the variscite group (space group type Pbca) and of bonacinaite, the first naturally occurring scandium arsenate member of the metavariscite group. All structures were determined using single-crystal X-ray intensity data. The following members were all synthesised under either mild hydrothermal conditions or by wet-chemical methods (<90°C). CrAsO4⋅2H2O (deep green): a = 8.894(2), b = 9.946(2), c = 10.206(2) Å and V = 902.8(3) Å3; R1 = 2.14%. Tl3+PO4⋅2H2O (colourless): a = 10.2848(7), b = 8.8578(6), c = 10.3637(7) Å and V = 944.14(11) Å3 (data at –173°C); R1 = 2.56%. MnSeO4⋅2H2O (pale pink): a = 10.441(2), b = 9.2410(18), c = 10.552(2) Å and V = 1018.1(3) Å3; R1 = 2.19%. A different method of preparation of MnSeO4⋅2H2O yielded crystals with very similar unit-cell parameters, a = 10.4353(5), b = 9.2420(5) and c = 10.5349(6) Å; R1 = 2.25%. CdSeO4⋅2H2O (colourless) has a = 10.481(1), b = 9.416(1), c = 10.755(1) Å and V = 1061.4(2) Å3; R1 = 1.53%. The thermal behaviour of the two selenate members was studied by a combination of DSC and TG, supplemented by PXRD. Bonacinaite (IMA2018-056), metavariscite-type natural (Sc,Al)(As,P)O4⋅2H2O (ideally ScAsO4⋅2H2O), crystallises in the space group P21/n, with a = 5.533(1), b = 10.409(2), c = 9.036(2) Å, β = 91.94(3)° and V = 520.11(18) Å3; R1 = 3.66%. The structural formula, supported by chemical analysis, is (Sc0.807(1)Al0.193)(As0.767(7)P0.233)O4⋅2H2O. All structures are based on frameworks built by corner-sharing of TO4 tetrahedra (T = P5+, As5+ or Se6+) with MO4(H2O)2 (M = Mn2+, Cd2+, Cr3+, Sc3+ or Tl3+) octahedra. The flexible frameworks are reinforced by partly bifurcated, strong to weak hydrogen bonds. The crystal chemistry of all known synthetic and natural members of the variscite and metavariscite groups is discussed and compared, and the relative stabilities are evaluated. With the aid of the COMPSTRU program (Bilbao Crystallographic Server), a quantitative comparison of the crystal structures in both groups is given. Calculations of the structural and topological complexity reveal that the metavariscite structure type is structurally and topologically simpler than that of variscite. It is suggested that metavariscite and phosphosiderite are metastable kinetically stabilised phases, in contrast to thermodynamically stable variscite and strengite, respectively. The 3D frameworks of the members of both groups have been shown to be potential electrode materials for rechargeable Li ion batteries.