Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
CLINICAL AND MICROBIOLOGICAL EVALUATION IN PATIENTS WITH DIABETIC FOOT INFECTION

AIM: The present study aimed to evaluate clinical and microbiological findings of the patients with a diabetic foot infection. METHODS: The present study was carried out retrospectively between March 2015 and September 2016. Eighty diabetic foot infection attacks of 68 patients with foot lesions at the grade of ≥ PEDIS 3 and ≥ WAGNER 2 were included in the present study. Demographic data of the patients, type of diabetes, staging of a diabetic foot according to PEDIS and Wagner classification, the treatments they have received, laboratory parameters, culture results, and treatment outcome have all been recorded to prepared forms. Deep tissue culture was obtained from all patients and sampling was carried out. The treatment they received and prognoses were evaluated. RESULTS: In samples obtained from 80 attacks included in the study, 30 (% 53,6) GRAM (-) bacteria 24 (%42,9) GRAM(+) bacteria, 2 (%3.5) Candida spp, overall 56 (%70) bacteria were isolated. The most commonly growing bacteria were; S.aureus (n=16,%28.6),Proteus spp (n=9,%16) and E.coli (n=6, %10). In 7 (%91.25) attacks, surgical treatment was administered apart from antibiotic treatment, and the rate of amputation was found to be %33.75. The rate of recovery was found to be higher in patients whose antibiotic treatment remained unchanged from the onset than that found in patients whose treatment was changed. In 70% of diabetic foot infection attacks evaluated in the present study, growth was detected, and most of the agents were established to be GRAM negative bacteria. CONCLUSION: Antimicrobial treatment providing cover against probable microbial agent increases the probability of recovery. Therefore, determination of active spectrums according to regions and the choice of suitable antibiothreapy will render prognosis better.
AN ULTRASTRUCTURAL STUDY OF TEGUMENTAL GLANDS OF THE FIFTH PEREIOPODS OF AEGLA PLATENSIS (ANOMURA: AEGLIDAE)

Abstract Tegumental glands are a ubiquitous feature of the decapod cuticle. In the fifth pair of pereiopods (P5) of Aegla platensis Schmitt, 1942, these tegumental glands (PeTG's) are similar to those described in other decapod crustaceans. Type 1 PeTG's, with mucous and serous cells and type 2 PeTG's, with serous cells only are organized into proximal, medial and distal clusters along the appendage. Both types of PeTG's possess secretory cells arranged concentrically around a central duct. These secretory cells have well developed Rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) and numerous Golgi Complexes, and possess electron-lucid and electron dense vesicles. The finely granular aspect of the electron-lucid vesicles suggest they contain a mucous-like substance, while electron-dense vesicles probably contain a substance of a proteinaceous nature. Despite various hypotheses, there are few indications that these substances act as cleaning agents. However, the cytoplasm of the secretory cells appear to be composed of concentric lamellas that could be responsible for the production of surfactants (cleaning substances). In the Anomura, P5 is involved in grooming but there presently is insufficient evidence to show that the glands play a role in this process.
Comparative study of effectiveness and safety of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in patients of knee joint osteoarthritis of knee, tertiary care hospital, Bidar, India

Background: Osteoarthritis (OA) is a joint failure and OA is the most frequent chronic joint disease causing pain and disability. Where all the structures of joints have undergone pathological changes and they are hyaline articular cartilage loss which may be focal or non-uniform, initially it will be focal then spread all over non-uniformly. Non-Steroidal Anti Inflammatory Drugs (NSAID) are the mainstay of medical management of OA. Increased in reports suggests that GIT adverse effect with old NSAID’s and cardiovascular effects with selective cyclooxygenase-2 (COX2) inhibitors had precipitated to chase for better NSAID’s with minimal adverse effects. The current study compares the clinical effectiveness and safety of newer NSAID’s, etoricoxib, lornoxicam, to diclofenac which has been standard therapy in patients of OA of the knee joint.Methods: The current study is randomized, prospective, open-label, parallel group study conducted in 120 patients with OA of the knee joint diagnosed using American College of Rheumatology criteria. After getting the informed consent, they were randomized in three groups of 40 patients each who received tablet etoricoxib 120mg BID, tablet Lornoxicam 16mg BID, tablet diclofenac 50mg TID respectively. The duration of the study is 12 weeks. Data are calculated, tabulated and analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) test, and level of significance was determined by its P value.Results: After 12weeks of treatment, the severity of pain and functional indices using visual analog scale and Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis score were significantly better (P <0.05) in etoricoxib group as compared to lornoxicam or diclofenac group along with a lesser rate of adverse effects.Conclusions: It is concluded that etoricoxib is more effective and tolerated NSAID than lornoxicam and diclofenac in the treatment of knee joint OA.
Diurnal Movements of Zooplankton Organisms in Some Colorado Mountain Lakes

About seventy years have elapsed since the pioneer observations were made which established the fact that populations of certain marine and fresh-water zooplankton organisms move vertically toward the surface waters in the evening and toward the bottom in the morning. During this long period a large amount of field observations, experimental work, and theorizing have appeared in the literature in an attempt to explain the relationships between the physiological mechanisms of the zooplankters and the various environmental variables which together produce these characteristic movements. Needless to say, the problem is exceedingly complex and difficult of solution. The majority of workers are agreed that light intensity is the most important primary factor in diurnal movements, but there is much disagreement concerning the relative, importance of such secondary factors as temperature, dissolved oxygen, gravity, and age of the organisms. It is not the purpose of the present paper, however, to review or to attempt any critical evaluation of the many aspects of the problem. The entire subject of diurnal migration has been thoroughly discussed by Rose ('25), Russell ('27), Kikuchi ('30), and Worthington ('31). Additional significant remarks may be found in a variety of other recent papers, including those of Clarke
The structure and function of the vegetative mycehum of ectomycorrhizal plants V. Foraging behaviour and translocation of nutrients from exploited litter

The nutrient mobilizing activities of mycelia of two ectomycorrhizal fungi, Suillus bovinus (FT.) O. Kuntze and Thelephora terrestris (Khrh.), were investigated in transparent root observation chambers to which were added discrete weighed samples of organic matter collected from the fermentation horizon of a pine-forest soil. The mycelia grew from mycorrhizal plants of Pinus sylvestris L. over a homogeneous humified peat and colonized the introduced fermentation horizon organic matter (F"H()M). The chronology of intensive mycelial exploitation of the FHOM was followed, and its nutrient status was monitored before and after colonization by the fungal mycelia. The time from initial colonization to early senescence of mycelial patches was c. 40 d. Colonization by S. bovinus reduced concentrations of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) in FHOM by 23, 22 and 30",,, respectively, whereas colonization by 7". terrestris led to decreases of N and K of 13 and 21 "„ respectively, but did not change P concentration. There were increases in calcium and magnesium concentration following colonization by T. terrestris. Analyses of the inorganic N pool of uncolonized FHOM incubated separately suggested that mineralization rates were inadequate to explain the loss of N from the colonized material. The carbon to nitrogen ratio of material colonized by both fungi increased greatly relative to that in uncolonized material. The significance of these nutrient transfer processes is discussed in relation to element cycling processes in boreal forest ecosystems.
After the First Wave of COVID-19: Reflections From Italy

Copyright © 2020 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. Unauthorized reproduction of this article is prohibited. e192 | www.pidj. com The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal • Volume 39, Number 8, August 2020 The ESPID Reports and Reviews of Pediatric Infectious Diseases series topics, authors and contents are chosen and approved independently by the Editorial Board of ESPID. Accepted for publication June 3, 2020. From the *Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Infectious Diseases Unit, Meyer Children’s University Hospital, Florence, Italy; and †Department of Pediatric Hematology Oncology, University Children’s Hospital “Ospedale dei Bambini”, ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, Italy. The authors have no conflicts of interest to disclose. Address for correspondence: Luisa Galli, Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Pediatric Infectious Diseases Division, Meyer Children’s University Hospital, viale Pieraccini 24, I-50139, Florence, Italy. E-mail: luisa.galli@unifi.it. Copyright © 2020 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.
Aggregating Deep Features For Image Retrieval

Aggregating Deep Features For Image Retrieval Mohammad Eiad Kazkaz Measuring visual similarity between two images is useful in several multimedia applications such as visual search and image retrieval. However, measuring visual similarity between two images is an ill-posed problem which makes it a challenging task.This problem has been tackled extensively by the computer vision and machine learning communities. Nevertheless, with the recent advancements in deep learning, it is now possible to design novel image representations that allow systems to measure visual similarity more accurately than existing and widely adopted approaches, such as Fisher vectors. Unfortunately, deep-learning-based visual similarity approaches typically require post-processing stages that can be computationally expensive. To alleviate this issue, this thesis describes deep-learning-based visual image representations that allow a system to measure visual similarity without requiring post-processing stages. Specifically, this thesis describes max-pooling-based aggregation layers that combined with a convolutional-neural-network-based produce rich image representations for image retrieval without requiring an expensive post-processing stages. Moreover, the proposed max-pooling-based aggregation layers are general and can be seamlessly integrated with any existing and pre-trained networks. The experiments on large-scale image retrieval datasets confirm that the introduced image representations yield visual similarity measures that achieve a comparable or better retrieval performance than state-of-the art approaches, without requiring expensive post-processing operations.
Beyond the Niche Hypothesis. Property, Marriage, and the Onset of Familial Reproduction in Rural Northwest Germany, 1820–1866

e-ISSN: 2352-6343 PID article: http://hdl.handle. net/10622/23526343-2019-0004? locatt=view:master PID software: http://hdl.handle. net/10622/23526343-2019-0005? locatt=view:master The article can be downloaded from here. © 2019, Georg Fertig This open-access work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, reproduction & distribution in any medium for non-commercial purposes, provided the original author(s) and source are given credit. See http://creativecommons.org/licenses/.
Northern Hemisphere blocking simulation in current climate models: evaluating progress from the Climate Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 to 6 and sensitivity to resolution

Abstract. Global climate models (GCMs) are known to suffer from biases in the simulation of atmospheric blocking, and this study provides an assessment of how blocking is represented by the latest generation of GCMs. It is evaluated (i) how historical CMIP6 (Climate Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6) simulations perform compared to CMIP5 simulations and (ii) how horizontal model resolution affects the simulation of blocking in the CMIP6-HighResMIP (PRIMAVERA – PRocess-based climate sIMulation: AdVances in high-resolution modelling and European climate Risk Assessment) model ensemble, which is designed to address this type of question. Two blocking indices are used to evaluate the simulated mean blocking frequency and blocking persistence for the Euro-Atlantic and Pacific regions in winter and summer against the corresponding estimates from atmospheric reanalysis data. There is robust evidence that CMIP6 models simulate blocking frequency and persistence better than CMIP5 models in the Atlantic and Pacific and during winter and summer. This improvement is sizeable so that, for example, winter blocking frequency in the median CMIP5 model in a large Euro-Atlantic domain is underestimated by 33 % using the absolute geopotential height (AGP) blocking index, whereas the same number is 18 % for the median CMIP6 model. As for the sensitivity of simulated blocking to resolution, it is found that the resolution increase, from typically 100 to 20 km grid spacing, in most of the PRIMAVERA models, which are not re-tuned at the higher resolutions, benefits the mean blocking frequency in the Atlantic in winter and summer and in the Pacific in summer. Simulated blocking persistence, however, is not seen to improve with resolution. Our results are consistent with previous studies suggesting that resolution is one of a number of interacting factors necessary for an adequate simulation of blocking in GCMs. The improvements reported in this study hold promise for further reductions in blocking biases as model development continues.
Species Diversity and Regeneration Status of Community-Managed Hill Sal (Shorea robusta) Forest in Central Nepal

This study assessed the species composition, community structure and regeneration status of hill sal forest of Baglung district, Central Nepal after about two decades of community management. We also compared the species composition, community structure and regeneration status of two sites of the forest having different disturbance intensities prior to management. The purposive sampling method was applied for data collection, where we divided the community forest into five vertical transects and in each transect six 20 m × 20 m plots were established. All tree and shrub species were recorded for each sample plot and their height and diameter at breast height (for tree) or basal circumference area (for shrub) were measured. The nested quadrat method was used for assessing the regeneration status at three life stages, viz. seedlings, saplings and trees. Twenty-seven species belonging to 21 families were recorded, where sal was the dominant species and Dipterocarpaceae was the dominant family. Size-class distribution curve showed that the studied forest was not sustainable and viable but regeneration count depicted that it had good regeneration status with a sufficient number of seedlings and saplings to replace the adults after their mortality. Similarly, the number of species, as well as the density of seedlings, saplings and trees, were found higher in the disturbed site than in the relatively undisturbed site of the forest. Thus, our study indicated that there are considerable differences between the disturbed site and relatively undisturbed site prior to management in terms of diversity, species composition, stand structure and regeneration pattern.
Small molecule melanin‐concentrating hormone receptor 1 (MCH1R) antagonists as anxiolytic and antidepressive agents

The search for new anxiolytics and antidepressants with a more rapid onset of action has led researchers to pursue neuropeptide receptors as molecular targets for these indications. Among these peptide targets, melanin‐concentrating hormone (MCH) has shown promising, albeit inconsistent, data supporting a role for this peptide in human emotional disorders. Neurochemical and neuroanatomical studies have revealed that MCH plays a key role in animal feeding and other behavior; however, alteration of MCH signaling by transgenesis or treatment with endogenous and synthetic MCH1R ligands has produced confounding results in animal models of human emotional disorders. This review describes recent contributions to the understanding of the role of MCH in animal stress response. Drug Dev. Res. 65:291–300, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Sizes of Feeding Territories among Birds

This analysis deals with size variations in the breeding territories of land birds which obtain most or all of their food on the territory. For the species studied as a whole, territory size shows a strong positive relationship to body weight. Predators tend to have larger territories than omnivores or herbivores of the same weight, presumably due to the relatively denser food of the latter species. The home ranges of raptors inhabiting two areas were found to be significantly correlated with an index of the numerical density of their prey and in one area with raptor weight. Higher clutch size is not significantly associated with larger territories in any category of birds tested. The number of individuals defending the territory and the number feeding the young are probably not correlated with territory size. The exponential relationships between body weight of the consumer and three dependent variables–food biomass consumed per unit time, average prey weight and territory or home range size–are used to derive three predictions: a) Heavier predators take fewer individuals per unit time than lighter species; b) If certain restrictions are satisfied, the collective biomasses in a given large area increase as individual biomasses become larger for omnivorous species and decrease as individual biomasses increase for predators; c) For predators, the density of acceptable and accessible food in biomass per unit area decreases as the weight of the consumer increases. Territory or home range size increases more rapidly with body weight for predators than for omnivores or herbivores. This relationship holds true for both birds and mammals and presumably reflects a rapidly decreasing food density for predators of increasing weight. Since smaller predators do not feed over a wider range of food size than larger species, and since there are less species or individuals feeding on large food than on small, the predators of the areas studied probably consume food whose distribution of biomass with food size is declining. The habit of feeding on exclusive areas is considerably more widespread among predators than among omnivores and herbivores. The smaller spatial needs for omnivorous and herbivorous birds of a given biomass and perhaps the greater patchiness of their food when compared to predators are used to explain the higher occurrence of gregarious nesting in the former group. Implications of this study for the functions of feeding territories maintained during the breeding season are discussed.
Molecular Cloning and Expression of Two Novel β-N-Acetylglucosaminidases from Silkworm Bombyx mori

β-N-Acetylglucosaminidase is a major glycosidase involved in several physiological processes, such as fertilization, metamorphosis, glycoconjugate degradation, and glycoprotein biosynthesis in insects. A search using the Bombyx mori cDNA database revealed the existence of two putative β-N-acetylglucosaminidase genes. Their full-length cDNAs were cloned by rapid amplification of cDNA ends and polymerase chain reaction using specific primers, and named BmGlcNAcase1 and BmGlcNAcase2. A BLAST search revealed that BmGlcNAcase1 and BmGlcNAcase2 are homologous to a β-subunit homolog encoded by Drosophila melanogaster HEXO2 and the Spodoptera frugiperda β-N-acetylglucosaminidase gene respectively. The recombinant proteins of BmGlcNAcase1 and BmGlcNAcase2 without putative transmembrane domains were expressed in the yeast Pichia pastoris. Both enzymes showed broad substrate specificity, and cleaved terminal N-acetylglucosamine residues from the α-3 and α-6 branches of a biantennary N-glycan substrate, and also hydrolyzed chitotriose to chitobiose.
Environmental issues of groundwater in Korea: implications for sustainable use

SUMMARY Groundwater has been extensively exploited worldwide but is now confronted by a variety of problems, including groundwater depletion and contamination, that threaten its sustainable use as a clean water source. Groundwater is one of the major sources of water for domestic, agricultural and industrial uses, and provides 13% of the total annual water supply in Korea. Annual groundwater use has continuously increased from 2.57 billion m3 in 1994 to 3.72 billion m3 in 2007, of which 48.1% was consumed for domestic purposes. However, due to imprudent groundwater development and inappropriate management, Korea has confronted some critical groundwater problems, including extensive water level decline and quality deterioration caused by petroleum hydrocarbons and chlorinated solvents. Among 193 national groundwater deep-monitoring wells nationwide, 62% showed decreasing water levels over the period 2004–2008. Soil and groundwater contamination by petroleum hydrocarbons was detected at a great number of military bases and public facilities, which drew national attention and complaints. The presence of high levels of radionuclides such as uranium and radon in groundwater has awakened controversy on their health effects. Increasing outbreaks of massive gastroenteritis were attributed to noroviruses in contaminated groundwater, and raised public health concerns. In addition, chlorinated solvents, especially trichloroethylene (TCE), have been frequently found in urban and industrial groundwaters, further adding to the burdens of environmental authorities. Consequently, these groundwater-related environmental issues have forced the Korean government and relevant authorities to urgently devise mitigation plans to secure a sustainable future use of groundwater resources. This paper provides details of the groundwater issues and implications for appropriate development and management.
Colonization in metapopulations: a review of theory and observations

In metapopulation dynamics turnover of populations in isolated patches may be frequent. Regional survival of aspecies in such a system with frequent extinctions hinges on its colonization ability. Colonization is more than justdispersal; when a propagule reaches a new patch it faces higher extinction probabilities than does an established population. Extinction models as well as empirical data suggest that a large propagule with a potential for rapid increase in a varyingenvironment, or with a low mortality rate in an environment perceived as constant, has a higherprobability of successful colonization. Large variation in population size when it is still small increases the risk offailure. Factors introducing such variation are demographic stochasticity and environmental variation. It is hard to singleout demographic traits that ensure good colonizing ability, since colonization can be achieved in many different ways, butgeneralists and species with self-fertilization seem to be superior.