Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
NUMERICAL SIMULATIONS OF TURBULENT MOLECULAR CLOUDS REGULATED BY RADIATION FEEDBACK FORCES. I. STAR FORMATION RATE AND EFFICIENCY

Radiation feedback from stellar clusters is expected to play a key role in setting the rate and efficiency of star formation in giant molecular clouds. To investigate how radiation forces influence realistic turbulent systems, we have conducted a series of numerical simulations employing the Hyperion radiation hydrodynamics solver, considering the regime that is optically thick to ultraviolet and optically thin to infrared radiation. Our model clouds cover initial surface densities between , with varying initial turbulence. We follow them through turbulent, self-gravitating collapse, star cluster formation, and cloud dispersal by stellar radiation. All our models display a log-normal distribution of gas surface density Σ; for an initial virial parameter , the log-normal standard deviation is and the star formation rate coefficient , both of which are sensitive to turbulence but not radiation feedback. The net star formation efficiency (SFE) increases with and decreases with . We interpret these results via a simple conceptual framework, whereby steady star formation increases the radiation force, such that local gas patches at successively higher Σ become unbound. Based on this formalism (with fixed ), we provide an analytic upper bound on , which is in good agreement with our numerical results. The final SFE depends on the distribution of Eddington ratios in the cloud and is strongly increased by the turbulent compression of gas.
Restoration of the GTPase activity and cellular interactions of Gαo mutants by Zn2+ in GNAO1 encephalopathy models

De novo point mutations in GNAO1, gene encoding the major neuronal G protein Gαo, have recently emerged in patients with pediatric encephalopathy having motor, developmental, and epileptic dysfunctions. Half of clinical cases affect codons Gly203, Arg209, or Glu246; we show that these mutations accelerate GTP uptake and inactivate GTP hydrolysis through displacement Gln205 critical for GTP hydrolysis, resulting in constitutive GTP binding by Gαo. However, the mutants fail to adopt the activated conformation and display aberrant interactions with signaling partners. Through high-throughput screening of approved drugs, we identify zinc pyrithione and Zn2+ as agents restoring active conformation, GTPase activity, and cellular interactions of the encephalopathy mutants, with negligible effects on wild-type Gαo. We describe a Drosophila model of GNAO1 encephalopathy where dietary zinc restores the motor function and longevity of the mutant flies. Zinc supplements are approved for diverse human neurological conditions. Our work provides insights into the molecular etiology of GNAO1 encephalopathy and defines a potential therapy for the patients.
Cyclosporine‐induced gingival overgrowth—Review

Drug‐induced gingival overgrowth (DIGO) is an undesirable effect resulting from the therapy of one of the three groups of drugs: phenytoin, calcium channel blockers, and cyclosporine A (CsA). It is caused by a fibrous overgrowth leading to gingivitis, periodontitis, and even tooth loss. Possible consequences include tooth decay worsening, pain and difficulty in eating, bleeding gums, and bad breath. The pathomechanism of the hypertrophy is unknown, but there is a correlation between insufficient oral hygiene and the severity of this phenomenon. The gender and age predilection of gingival hyperplasia as a result of CsA therapy is also noticeable. It is most common in children and adolescents of the male sex. The beneficial effect of the removal of tartar and local irritants in reducing the above symptoms has been demonstrated. One of the treatments for DIGO is conventional gingivectomy. The paper is a review article about cyclosporine‐induced gingival hyperplasia.
ON DERIVATIONS OF PRIME NEAR-RINGS

The near-rings in this letter always stand for zero-symmetric left nor-rings. An additive endomorphism D of a near-ring N is called a derivation on N if D(xy) =xD(y) +D(x)y for all x, y ∈ N. A near-ring N is said to be prime if xNy={0} for x, y ∈ N implies that either x=0 or y=0. Since additions of near-rings are not necessarily commutative, the following Lemma 1 has its own significance.
Fixed template network and dynamic template network: novel network designs for decoding steady-state visual evoked potentials

Objective. Decomposition methods are efficient to decode steady-state visual evoked potentials (SSVEPs). In recent years, the brain–computer interface community has also been developing deep learning networks for decoding SSVEPs. However, there is no clear evidence that current deep learning models outperform decomposition methods on the SSVEP decoding tasks. Many studies lacked the comparison with state-of-the-art decomposition methods in a fair environment. Approach. This study proposed a novel network design motivated by the works of decomposition methods. Fixed template network (FTN) and dynamic template network (DTN) are two novel networks combining the advantages of fixed templates and subject-specific templates. This study also proposed a data augmentation method for SSVEPs. This study compared the intra-subject classification performance of DTN and FTN with that of state-of-the-art decomposition methods on three public SSVEP datasets. Main results. The results show that both FTN and DTN achieved the suboptimal classification performance compared with state-of-the-art decomposition methods. Significance. Both network designs could enhance the decoding performance of SSVEPs, making them promising networks for improving the practicality of SSVEP-based applications.
Prognostic factors in major depressive disorder: comparing responders and non‐responders to Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS), a naturalistic retrospective chart review

Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is widely utilized as an effective treatment for major depressive disorder (MDD) with varying response rates. Factors associated with better treatment outcome remain scarce. This naturalistic retrospective chart review hopes to shed light on easily obtainable and measurable predictive factors for patients referred to rTMS.
Rethinking the Statistical Analysis of Neuromechanical Data

Mixed-effects models will improve data representation, promote superior experimental designs, and increase the validity and reproducibility of research findings. Researchers in neuromechanics should upgrade their statistical toolbox. We propose linear mixed-effects models in place of commonly used statistical tests to better capture subject-specific baselines and treatment-associated effects that naturally occur in neuromechanics. Researchers can use this approach to handle sporadic missing data, avoid the assumption of conditional independence in observations, and successfully model complex experimental protocols.
Strigolactones as a hormonal hub for the acclimation and priming to environmental stress in plants

Abstract Strigolactones are phytohormones with many attributed roles in development, and more recently in responses to environmental stress. We will review evidence of the latter in the frame of the classic distinction among the three main stress acclimation strategies (i.e., avoidance, tolerance and escape), by taking osmotic stress in its several facets as a non‐exclusive case study. The picture we will sketch is that of a hormonal family playing important roles in each of the mechanisms tested so far, and influencing as well the build‐up of environmental memory through priming. Thus, strigolactones appear to be backstage operators rather than frontstage players, setting the tune of acclimation responses by fitting them to the plant individual history of stress experience.
Recent advances and persistent challenges in the design of freeze-drying process for monoclonal antibodies

Abstract Monoclonal antibodies constitute nowadays an important therapeutic class and the number of approved molecules for clinical uses continues to increase, achieving considerable part of the therapeutic market. Yet, the stability in solution of these biopharmaceuticals is often low. That is why freeze-drying has been and remains the method of choice to obtain monoclonal antibodies in the solid state and to improve their stability. The design of freeze-drying process and its optimization are still topical subjects of interest and the pharmaceutical industry is regularly challenged by the requirements of quality, safety and efficiency set by the regulatory authorities. These requirements imply a deep understanding of each step of the freeze-drying process, developing techniques to control the critical parameters and to monitor the quality of the intermediate and the final product. In addition to quality issues, the optimization of the freeze-drying process in order to reduce the cycle length is of great interest since freeze-drying is known to be an energy-expensive and time-consuming process. In this review, we will present the recent literature dealing with the freeze-drying of monoclonal antibodies and focus on the process parameters and strategies used to improve the stability of these molecules and to optimize the FD process. Graphical abstract
Quark matter under strong magnetic fields in the su(3) Nambu-Jona-Lasinio model

In the present work we use the mean-field approximation to investigate quark matter described by the su(3) Nambu-Jona-Lasinio (NJL) model subject to a strong magnetic field. We consider two cases: pure quark matter and quark matter in {beta} equilibrium possibly present in magnetars. The results are compared with the ones obtained with the su(2) version of the model. The energy per baryon of magnetized quark matter becomes more bound than nuclear matter made of iron nuclei, for B around 2x10{sup 19} G. When the su(3) NJL model is applied to stellar matter, the maximum mass configurations are always above 1.45M{sub {center_dot}} and may be as high as 1.86M{sub {center_dot}} for a central magnetic field of 5x10{sup 18} G. These numbers are within the masses of observed neutron stars.
CLUSTERED CEPHEID VARIABLES 90 KILOPARSECS FROM THE GALACTIC CENTER

Distant regions close to the plane of our Galaxy are largely unexplored by optical surveys as they are hidden by dust. We have used near-infrared data (which minimizes dust obscuration) from the ESO Public survey VISTA Variables of the Via Lactea to search for distant stars at low latitudes. We have discovered four Cepheid variables within an angular extent of 1° centered at a Galactic longitude of l = −27. °4 and a Galactic latitude of b = −1. °08. We use the tightly constrained period–luminosity relationship that these pulsating stars obey to derive distances. We infer an average distance to these Cepheid variables of 90 kpc. The Cepheid variables are highly clustered in angle (within 1°) and in distance (the standard deviation of the distances is 12 kpc). These young (∼100 Myr old), pulsating stars are unexpected at such large distances from the Galactic disk, which terminates at ∼15 kpc. The highly clustered nature in distance and angle of the Cepheid variables suggests that the stars may be associated with a dwarf galaxy; its location and mass were earlier predicted by a dynamical analysis. The Cepheids are at an average distance of ∼2 kpc from the plane and their maximum projected separation is ∼1 kpc.
Nonequilibrium dynamical mean-field calculations based on the noncrossing approximation and its generalizations

We solve the impurity problem which arises within nonequilibrium dynamical mean-field theory for the Hubbard model by means of a self-consistent perturbation expansion around the atomic limit. While the lowest order, known as the non-crossing approximation (NCA), is reliable only when the interaction U is much larger than the bandwidth, low-order corrections to the NCA turn out to be sufficient to reproduce numerically exact Monte Carlo results in a wide parameter range that covers the insulating phase and the metal-insulator crossover regime at not too low temperatures. As an application of the perturbative strong-coupling impurity solver we investigate the response of the double occupancy in the Mott insulating phase of the Hubbard model to a dynamical change of the interaction or the hopping, a technique which has been used as a probe of the Mott insulating state in ultracold fermionic gases.
SIMULATING DEEP HUBBLE IMAGES WITH SEMI-EMPIRICAL MODELS OF GALAXY FORMATION

We simulate deep images from the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) using semi-empirical models of galaxy formation with only a few basic assumptions and parameters. We project our simulations all the way to the observational domain, adding cosmological and instrumental effects to the images, and analyze them in the same way as real HST images (“forward modeling”). This is a powerful tool for testing and comparing galaxy evolution models, since it allows us to make unbiased comparisons between the predicted and observed distributions of galaxy properties, while automatically taking into account all relevant selection effects. Our semi-empirical models populate each dark matter halo with a galaxy of determined stellar mass and scale radius. We compute the luminosity and spectrum of each simulated galaxy from its evolving stellar mass using stellar population synthesis models. We calculate the intrinsic scatter in the stellar mass–halo mass relation that naturally results from enforcing a monotonically increasing stellar mass along the merger history of each halo. The simulated galaxy images are drawn from cutouts of real galaxies from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey, with sizes and fluxes rescaled to match those of the model galaxies. The distributions of galaxy luminosities, sizes, and surface brightnesses depend on the adjustable parameters in the models, and they agree well with observations for reasonable values of those parameters. Measured galaxy magnitudes and sizes have significant magnitude-dependent biases, with both being underestimated near the magnitude detection limit. The fraction of galaxies detected and fraction of light detected also depend sensitively on the details of the model.
LABOCA 870 μm dust continuum mapping of selected infrared-dark cloud regions in the Galactic plane

Context. Imaging surveys of dust emission at (sub)millimetre wavelengths provide a powerful tool for studying molecular clouds and the early stages of star formation. Aims. Through submm dust continuum mapping, we attempt to search for genuine infrared-dark clouds (IRDCs) and precursors to massive stars and stellar clusters in the Galactic plane, and to determine their basic physical properties. Methods. We have mapped four selected fields of about 0. 5 × 0. ◦ 5 that contain Spitzer 8-μm dark regions with LABOCA at 870 μm. Selected positions in the fields were observed in C 17 O(2−1) to obtain kinematic information. The obtained LABOCA maps are used in conjunction with the Spitzer IR images. Results. The total number of clumps identified in this survey is 91, out of which 40 (44%) appear dark at 8 and 24 μm. The remaining clumps are associated with mid-IR emission. Seven clumps associated with extended 4.5 μm emission are candidate extended green objects (EGOs). Filamentary dust “ridges” were found towards the Spitzer bubbles N10/11 in one of our fields. The relative number of IR-dark and IR-bright clumps suggests that the duration of the former stage is about 1.6 × 10 5 yr. The mass distribution of the total sample of clumps, and that separately constructed for the IR-dark and IR-bright clumps, could be fitted at the high-mass end with the power-law function dN/dlog M ∝ M −Γ ,w hereΓ � 0.7 . 0.8. The C 17 O observation positions appear to be dominated by non-thermal motions, and the data also revealed some potential sites of strong CO depletion. In G11.36+0.80, which is the best example of a filamentary IRDC in our sample, the clumps appear to be gravitationally bound. The fragmentation of the filament can be understood in terms of a sausage-type fluid instability, in agreement with the results for other IRDCs. The fragmentation and the CO depletion timescales in G11.36 appear to be very similar to each other. Conclusions. Many of the identified clumps are massive enough to allow high-mass star formation, and some of them already show clear signposts of that. In the N10/11 bubble environment, the morphology of the detected dust emission conforms to the triggered high-mass star formation in the system. The clump mass distributions are similar to those found for diffuse CO clumps, and can be explained by the action of supersonic turbulence. The formation of filamentary IRDCs might be caused by converging turbulent flows, and the same process may play a role in exciting the fluid perturbations responsible for the fragmentation of the clouds into clumps.
Development of T-cell engagers selective for cells co-expressing two antigens

ABSTRACT T cell-engaging bispecific antibodies (TCEs) are clinically effective treatments for hematological cancers. While the utility of TCEs in solid malignancies is being explored, toxicities arising from antigen expression on normal tissues have slowed or halted several clinical trials. Here, we describe the development of TCEs that preferentially drive T cell-mediated death against target cells co-expressing two tumor-associated antigens. We show that Ly6E and B7-H4 are simultaneously expressed on approximately 50% of breast cancers, whereas normal tissue expression is limited and mostly orthogonal. Traditional bispecific TCEs targeting a singular antigen, either Ly6E or B7-H4, are active when paired with high-affinity CD3-engagers, but normal tissue expression presents a toxicity risk. Treatment with a murine cross-reactive B7-H4-TCE results in rapid and severe weight loss in mice along with damage to B7-H4-expressing tissues. To overcome on-target toxicity, we designed trispecific antibodies co-targeting Ly6E, B7-H4, and CD3 and characterized the impact of dual-antigen binding and the relative placement of each binding domain on tumor killing in vitro and in vivo. In vitro killing of tumor cells co-expressing both antigens correlates to the placement of the higher affinity B7-H4 binding domain, with only modest enhancements seen upon addition of Ly6E binding. In xenograft models, avid binding of appropriately designed trispecific TCEs enables tumor growth inhibition while evading the poor tolerability seen with active bispecific TCEs. Collectively these data highlight the potential for dual-antigen targeting to improve safety and efficacy, and expand the scope of tumors that may effectively be treated by TCEs. Abbreviations: Chimeric antigen receptor T cells (CAR-Ts), dual-antigen targeted T cell engagers (DAT-TCE), Fragment antigen-binding (Fab), Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E), Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC), Immunoglobulin G (IgG), immunohistochemistry (IHC), NOD SCID gamma (NSG), peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), surface plasmon resonance (SPR), T cell-engagers (TCEs)
Evaluation and characterization of facial skin aging using optical coherence tomography

The skin aging exposome encompasses internal and external factors that contribute to clinical signs of facial aging. Aging skin can be characterized by distinctive features such as wrinkles, lentigines, elastosis, and roughness. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is capable of noninvasively measuring skin characteristics. This study aimed to assess bilateral features using OCT to explore temporal skin changes among decades and potential changes in facial skin aging based on laterality.
Compaction and mobility in randomly agitated granular assemblies

We study the compaction and mobility properties of a dense granular material under weak random vibration. By putting in direct contact millimetric glass beads with piezoelectric transducers we manage to inject energy to the system in a disordered manner with accelerations much smaller than gravity, resulting in a slow compaction dynamics and no convection. We characterize the mobility inside the medium by pulling through it an intruder grain at constant velocity. We present an extensive study of the relation between drag force and velocity for different vibration conditions and sizes of the intruder.
Male and Female Sprague Dawley Rats Exhibit Equivalent Natural Reward, Nicotine Self-Administration, Extinction, and Reinstatement During Adolescent-Initiated Behaviors.

INTRODUCTION The initiation of nicotine and tobacco use peaks during adolescence. How adolescent males and females differ based on the acquisition of nicotine use and nicotine-seeking behavior is less understood. Our current studies develop a preclinical intravenous self-administration and reinstatement paradigm in male and female Sprague Dawley rats to evaluate how sex impacts the acquisition of nicotine self-administration and nicotine-seeking, when behavior is initiated during adolescence. METHODS Male and female adolescent rats were food trained under fixed-ratio one (FR1) schedule of reinforcement and progressively increased to FR5. Animals were implanted with catheters and began nicotine self-administration (0.015 mg/kg/infusion) at FR5 during adolescence on postnatal day 34. Upon reaching stable reinforced responding, animals were tested for progressive ratio schedules of reinforcement followed by extinction via the removal of drug and associated cues for a minimum of 5 days or until responding was reduced to ≤25% of baseline. Reinstatement testing began for cue only, nicotine only, and a combination of nicotine plus cues using a Latin square design. Animals returned to extinction conditions for two-days minimum between testing. RESULTS No sex differences were observed for natural rewards, acquisition and progressive ratio schedules of nicotine self-administration, days to extinction, or reinstatement condition. CONCLUSION Our findings provide evidence that sex does not impact natural rewards, nicotine reinforcement, reward, and reinstatement, when behavior is initiated during adolescence. Our study offers a feasible approach for assessing nicotine-seeking in male and female Sprague Dawley rats during unique developmental window of adolescence. IMPLICATIONS This study demonstrates the impact of nicotine and associated cues in the reinstatement of nicotine-seeking in male and female rats when behavior is initiated during adolescence. Findings support the equivalent impact of nicotine and the nonpharmacological stimuli of cues between male and female adolescent rats that began nicotine self-administration during adolescence.