Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Comparative Histopathological Changes Between Primary Versus recurrent Rhinosinusitis With Nasal Polyposis

Background: Chronic rhinosinusitis associated with nasal polypi [CRSwNP] is one of the two major chronic rhinosinusitis phenotypes. The histopathological changes of such condition may differ between primary and chronic types.Aim of the work: To differentiate between primary and chronic rhinosinusitis with polypi through detection of the histopathological changes of nasal mucosa.Patients and Methods: Eighty-five patients with CRSwNP scheduled for functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) were divided into two groups; group (1) 35 patients with primary polyposis, group (2) 50 patients with chronic polyposis. A swab was taken from sinus mucosa during FESS and sent for histopathological investigation.Results: We studied 12 histopathogical findings of spacemen of sinus mucosa and found 7 of them had a significant value in comparison between primary and recurrent CRSwNP. The significant increases in chronic recurrent group (2) than primary group (1) were eosinophilic cell count (p=0.044), eosinophilic cell aggregation (p=0.049), basement membrane thickness (P=0.021), Mucosal ulceration (p=0.002), hyperplastic or papillary change (p=0.029), fibrosis (p=0.002) and fungal element (p=0.003). Conclusion: Histopathological findings of sinus mucosa during FESS operation found to be of great value in differentiating between primary and recurrent CRSwNP, however, further studies on large scale groups were recommended to confirm these results.
Effect of hydrogenation on catalytically produced carbon nanotubes

Carbon nanotubes can now be produced in large scale by catalytic decomposition of acetylene in the presence of various supported metal catalysts. However, purification of the tubes obtained by this process is very difficult because it requires the separation both from the catalyst (support and metal particles) and the amorphous carbon which is a product of the thermal decomposition of hydrocarbons. In this work, separation of nanotubes from the catalyst has been carried out using an acidic treatment. On the other hand, the elimination of amorphous carbon by hydrogenation has also been investigated. The quality of the nanotubes was characterized by means of transmission electron microscopy and the yield of pure nanotubes was also determined.
EFFECT OF DIFFERENTIATED PHOSPHORUS AND POTASSIUM FERTILIZATION ON WINTER WHEAT YIELD AND QUALITY

This study was conducted in 2007-2010, on a farm near Œrem (south of Poznan, Poland). A field experiment was set up in a randomized block design with four replications for each combination tested. The effects of differentiated rates of phosphorous and potassium applied together with a fixed level of nitrogen and magnesium fertilization were investigated. During the experiment, the winter wheat grain yields were high and significantly different between both between fertilizer treatments and when compared with the control. Correlation analysis on relationships between grain yield and nutrient content in wheat leaves at the beginning of stem elongation stage (BBCH31) showed significant relationships for phosphorous, calcium, magnesium, zinc and manganese. Regression analysis proved that the content of zinc in leaves at the BBCH31 stage was the main factor which determined winter wheat grain yield. Furthermore, mineral fertilization significantly increased the content of protein and gluten when compared with the control objects, whereas no significant differences were observed among the fertilized objects. Statistically significant relationships were found between leaf content of N, P, Mg, Zn and Mn at BBCH31 and the accumulation of protein and gluten in wheat grain. Protein and gluten in grain depended on the content of magnesium in leaves at the beginning of stem elongation stage. Weather conditions as a factor significantly influenced grain size uniformity while mineral fertilization had no influence on this trait.
Urbanization and fragmentation mediate temperate forest carbon cycle response to climate

Forest fragmentation is ubiquitous across urban and rural areas. While there is mounting evidence that forest fragmentation alters the terrestrial carbon cycle, the extent to which differences in ambient growing conditions between urban and rural landscapes mediate forest response to fragmentation and climate remains unexamined. This study integrates field measurements of forest structure, growth, and soil respiration with climate data and high-resolution land-cover maps to quantify forest carbon storage and sequestration patterns along edge-to-interior gradients. These data were used to contrast the response of temperate broadleaf forests to non-forest edges within rural and urban landscapes. We find that forest growth rates in both rural and urban landscapes nearly double from the forest interior to edge. Additionally, these edge-induced enhancements in forest growth are not offset by concurrent increases in total soil respiration observed across our sites. Forest productivity generally increases near edges because of increases in leaf area, but elevated air temperature at the edge tempers this response and imparts greater sensitivity of forest growth to heat. In particular, the adverse impacts of heat on forest growth are two to three times larger in urban than rural landscapes. We demonstrate that the highly fragmented nature of urban forests compared to rural forests makes them a stronger carbon sink per unit area, but also much more vulnerable to a warming climate. Collectively, our results highlight the need to include the effects of both urbanization and fragmentation when quantifying regional carbon balance and its response to a changing climate.
Tumor Habitat-derived Radiomic Features at Pretreatment MRI That Are Prognostic for Progression-free Survival in Glioblastoma Are Associated with Key Morphologic Attributes at Histopathologic Examination: A Feasibility Study.

Purpose To identify radiomic features extracted from the tumor habitat on routine MR images that are prognostic for progression-free survival (PFS) and to assess their morphologic basis with corresponding histopathologic attributes in glioblastoma (GBM). Materials and Methods In this retrospective study, 156 pretreatment GBM MR images (gadolinium-enhanced T1-weighted, T2-weighted, and fluid-attenuated inversion recovery [FLAIR] images) were curated. Of these 156 images, 122 were used for training (90 from The Cancer Imaging Archive and 32 from the Cleveland Clinic, acquired between December 1, 2011, and May 1, 2018) and 34 were used for validation. The validation set was obtained from the Ivy Glioblastoma Atlas Project database, for which the percentage extent of 11 histologic attributes was available on corresponding histopathologic specimens of the resected tumor. Following expert annotations of the tumor habitat (necrotic core, enhancing tumor, and FLAIR-hyperintense subcompartments), 1008 radiomic descriptors (eg, Haralick texture features, Laws energy features, co-occurrence of local anisotropic gradient orientations [CoLIAGe]) were extracted from the three MRI sequences. The top radiomic features were obtained from each subcompartment in the training set on the basis of their ability to risk-stratify patients according to PFS. These features were then concatenated to create a radiomics risk score (RRS). The RRS was independently validated on a holdout set. In addition, correlations (P < .05) of RRS features were computed, with the percentage extent of the 11 histopathologic attributes, using Spearman correlation analysis. Results RRS yielded a concordance index of 0.80 on the validation set and constituted radiomic features, including Laws (capture edges, waves, ripple patterns) and CoLIAGe (capture disease heterogeneity) from enhancing tumor and FLAIR hyperintensity. These radiomic features were correlated with histopathologic attributes associated with disease aggressiveness in GBM, particularly tumor infiltration (P = .0044) and hyperplastic blood vessels (P = .0005). Conclusion Preliminary findings demonstrated significant associations of prognostic radiomic features with disease-specific histologic attributes, with implications for risk-stratifying patients with GBM for personalized treatment decisions. Supplemental material is available for this article. © RSNA, 2020.
The Effects of Intrinsic and Extrinsic Reading Motivation on Reading Performance in Elementary School

ABSTRACT Reading motivation is an important factor that can predict reading performance in elementary school. The present study aimed to investigate whether reading motivation could mediate the relationship between reading skills at the beginning of school and reading performance in the middle of elementary school. Longitudinal data from 979 students (52% girls) in Russia were used. Data on early reading skills in Grade 1 and reading comprehension and reading motivation in Grade 3 were collected. The results indicated that intrinsic and extrinsic motivation in Grade 3 predicted reading performance in Grade 3 after controlling for reading skills in Grade 1. A two-level multilevel mediation analysis showed that intrinsic motivation did not mediate but extrinsic motivation partly mediated the effect of reading skills in Grade 1 on subsequent reading performance. The results are discussed in light of previous studies. Suggestions for future research and practical implications are also discussed.
Compressibility effects on pressure fluctuation in compressible turbulent channel flows

Compressibility effects on pressure fluctuations in wall-bounded turbulent flows at various Mach numbers are investigated by deriving a pressure Poisson equation that allows splitting pressure fluctuations into rapid and slow terms, as in incompressible flows, and into additional mass-flux and viscous terms. The rapid and slow terms are further split into their solenoidal and dilatational components by using Helmholtz decomposition. The solenoidal components are found to be independent of Mach number and similar to incompressible flows, whereas the dilatational components increase quadratically with Mach number.
Safe havens: overseas housing speculation and opportunity zones

Abstract Since the 2008 Global Financial Crisis, financialization and housing speculation have expanded in geography, generalized in the political economy, and ingrained into the regulatory system. This article adds to the growing understanding of global capital flows and transnational housing investment. The main contribution of this paper is an articulation of ‘safe havens’ — districts designed as a harbor for global capital; a place of refuge during market uncertainty; and a place offering favorable conditions for capital growth. In New York, London, and Melbourne, luxury districts functioned primarily as investment vehicles to facilitate the circulation and expansion of capital after the financial crisis. Case studies draw upon census data, non-governmental and industry reports, academic studies, and local news sources and find that (1) capital funnelled into local housing through government incentivization; (2) vacancy increased in areas with rapid price rises; and (3) new investment zones were constructed to accommodate overflows of safe-haven demand and fuel recovery from the financial crisis.
Beyond the Numbers: A Demand for A Post-Rape Age

ABSTRACT In this narrative inquiry/reflexivity piece, the author discusses their own emotions, thoughts, feelings, and relationships as related to dominant patriarchy and related rape culture in the context of a keynote speech they gave five years ago. This speech was originally delivered at a university based “Take Back the Night” gathering and march. This is followed up with a current update on their experiences as they relate to the post-rape age. The piece concludes with a comment on the changes in society in the context of challenging cisgenderism and rise of the “Me Too Movement. ”
Investigation of structural changes of atmospheric aerosol samples during
two thermal-optical measurement procedures (EUSAAR2, NIOSH870)

Thermal–optical measurement techniques are widely used for the monitoring of carbonaceous aerosols. Although results of different thermal–optical measurement techniques are comparable for total carbon, they can vary widely for values of elemental carbon especially in the presence of brown carbon. Charring of organic material during the inert heating phase of thermal–optical measurements has been found to be a major confounder, but no literature about investigations of structural changes during this process in atmospheric aerosols is available. In a recent study we investigated these structural changes for combustion aerosol standard (CAST) soot. Now we apply this approach to selected atmospheric aerosol filter samples and a subset of eight washed filter samples with low loadings of watersoluble organic carbon (WSOC). To investigate structural changes, Raman spectra were obtained for samples heated to the corresponding temperature levels and gas atmospheres of the EUSAAR2 and NIOSH870 protocols. The temperature levels where changes in the Raman spectra occurred (i.e., changes in structure) varied for different samples. For the washed samples with low WSOC loadings and absence of other water-soluble aerosol components such as inorganic salts, changes in structural ordering and darkening of the samples were not observed. We were able to show for the first time that the darkening of a sample (measured in terms of transmission laser signal) is not necessarily caused by an increase of structural ordering in the sample. Possible transformations at lower temperatures could include a formation of non-graphitic light-absorbing intermediate organic carbon, a release of C−H groups or a decrease of carbonyl groups.
Adolescent Sleep Problems and Susceptibility to Peer Influence

Susceptibility to peer influence among adolescents is associated with a variety of negative interpersonal and psychosocial outcomes. Although proper sleep is crucial for adolescent development and well-being, no study to date has examined the influence of sleep problems on susceptibility to peer influence. We assess this relationship using two waves of data (n = 907; 50% male, 18% non-White) from the Study of Early Child Care and Youth Development (SECCYD). Results of a series of multivariate regression models demonstrate that sleep problems are positively associated with susceptibility to peer influence, net of pertinent demographic characteristics, theoretical controls, and prior susceptibility to peer influence. These findings suggest that efforts to improve sleep quality and quantity among adolescents, including educational sleep hygiene programs and later school start times, may serve to curtail susceptibility to peer influence and improve various aspects of wellbeing.
On spatial and temporal variations and estimates of energy dissipation in stirred reactors

The flow in a standard configuration stirred vessel stirred by a Rushton turbine was studied with laser Doppler anemometry (LDA), particle image velocimetry (PIV) and computational fluid dynamics (CFD). The temporal and spatial variations of the viscous dissipation of the turbulent energy (ɛ) were quantified and its commonly-employed estimates were assessed. Values of ɛ were found to vary by 3 orders of magnitude from near the impeller to the bulk of the vessel. A significant variation of ɛ with blade angle by around two orders of magnitude and radial location was observed by means of angle-resolved measurements and numerical predictions. A comparison between direct measurements of ɛ and estimates obtained through dimensional analysis methods suggest that the latter may lead to an underestimation of ɛ by up to 50% in the vicinity of the impeller and to an overestimation at some locations in the bulk of the vessel.
Profitability of continuous-cover forestry in Norway spruce dominated peatland forest and the role of water table

Continuous-cover forestry (CCF) is expected to reduce the negative environmental impacts of peatland forestry in comparison with rotation forestry (RF), but the unknown profitability of CCF on peatlands limits its application in practice. The profitability of CCF was analyzed by simulating management scenarios with a process-based ecosystem model, EFIMOD, which was complemented to describe the interplay between tree growth and water table depth, which is typical of peatland forests. A variety of harvest intervals and post-harvest basal areas for a mature Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst. ) dominated stand was simulated on a nutrient-rich peatland site. Conventional RF was simulated for comparison. CCF provided a higher profit than RF. The best financial performance was obtained with a 15-year harvest interval regardless of interest rate, although the overall profitability of CCF depended on the interest rate used. Ditch network maintenance was needed to maintain the stand growth only when the post-harvest basal area was smaller than 10 m2·ha−1. There were many CCF scenarios in which the difference in the net present value of harvest revenues was within 10% compared with the best CCF scenario. Hence, there are many relatively profitable CCF harvesting alternatives for forest management in boreal spruce-dominated peatland forests.
Relation Between Fetal Doppler Pulmonary Artery Indices and Neonatal Respiratory Distress Syndrome In Term Neonates

Background: Neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) is a common and challenging neonatal morbidity. Reliable prediction of the condition can improve management. Fetal pulmonary artery (PA) Doppler indices were suggested for prediction. However, findings of different studies are conflicting. Aim: The present study aimed to assess the value of PA indices in prediction of neonatal RDS in term babies.Subjects and methods: This prospective study included 120 women with singleton term pregnancy. Assessed Doppler indices for the main pulmonary artery included pulsatility index (PI), resistive index (RI), peak systolic velocity (PSV) and the At/Et ratio. Upon delivery, the newborn babies were examined for the signs of RDS (tachypnea, retractions and/or nasal flaring). Results: Among the 120 delivered babies, there were 16 (13.3 %) with RDS. Comparison between neonates with RDS and neonates without showed significantly lower neonatal weight, higher pulmonary artery RI and PI, higher pulmonary artery PSV in neonates with RSD. Also, they had significantly lower pulmonary artery at/et ratio when compared with normal babies. Pulmonary artery at/et ratio showed the best performance in comparison to other indices (sensitivity: 100.0 %, specificity: 50.0 %) at a cut-off (0.32). Conclusions: The present study documented reliable predictive value of PA hemodynamic parameters including RI, PI, PSV and at/et ratio in prediction of neonatal RDS in term babies.
Type IV Collagen 7S Is the Most Accurate Test For Identifying Advanced Fibrosis in NAFLD With Type 2 Diabetes

This study aimed to examine whether the diagnostic accuracy of four noninvasive tests (NITs) for detecting advanced fibrosis in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is maintained or is inferior to with or without the presence of type 2 diabetes. Overall, 874 patients with biopsy‐proven NAFLD were enrolled. After propensity‐score matching by age, sex, and the prevalence of dyslipidemia, 311 patients were enrolled in each group of with or without diabetes. To evaluate the effect of diabetes, we compared the diagnostic accuracy of the fibrosis‐4 (FIB‐4) index, the NAFLD fibrosis score (NFS), the aspartate aminotransferase to platelet ratio index (APRI), and type IV collagen 7S (COL4‐7S) in patients with NAFLD with and without diabetes. The areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) for identifying advanced fibrosis in patients without diabetes were 0.879 for the FIB‐4 index, 0.851 for the NFS, 0.862 for the APRI, and 0.883 for COL4‐7S. The AUROCs in patients with diabetes were 0.790 for the FIB‐4 index, 0.784 for the NFS, 0.771 for the APRI, and 0.872 for COL4‐7S. The AUROC of COL4‐7S was significantly larger than that of the other NITs in patients with NAFLD with diabetes than in those without diabetes. The optimal high and low cutoff points of COL4‐7S were 5.9 ng/mL and 4.8 ng/mL, respectively. At the low cutoff point, the accuracy of COL4‐7S was better than that of the other NITs, especially in patients with diabetes. Conclusion: COL4‐7S measurement might be the best NIT for identifying advanced fibrosis in NAFLD, especially in NAFLD with diabetes.
Inter-observer agreement of computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging on gross tumor volume delineation of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: an initial study.

Background Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) is the second most common primary liver tumor, and local radiotherapy has a positive effect on patients with an unresectable tumor. Accurate delineation of gross tumor volume (GTV) is crucial to improve the efficacy of radiotherapy. The purpose of this article was to evaluate the consistency of CT, diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) and Gadoxetic acid disodium (Gd-EOB-DTPA)-enhanced MRI on GTV delineation of ICC. Methods Fourteen patients with ICC underwent CT (Plain and Portal, CT scans before and 70 s after the injection of Omnipaque, respectively), DWI, and Gd-EOB-DTPA-enhanced MRI (EOB 70 s and EOB 15 min, mDIXON scans at 70 s and 15 min after the injection of Gd-EOB-DTPA, respectively) examinations before radiotherapy. Volumes of GTV delineation on CT and MRI images were recorded. Dice similarity coefficient (DSC) was calculated to evaluate the spatial overlap. Results Tumor volume on DWI and EOB 15 min were larger than that on EOB 70 s significantly (both P=0.004). DSC of DWI was significantly larger than that of other CT and MRI sequences (all P≤0.002). DSC of EOB 15 min tended to be larger than that of other CT sequences and EOB 70 s, however, without significances (all P>0.005). Significant correlation was found between DSC and tumor volume (R=0.35, P=0.003). Conclusions DWI had significantly higher agreement on GTV delineation of ICC. GTV delineations of ICC on Gd-EOB-DTPA-enhanced MRI showed excellent inter-observer agreement. Fusion of CT and MRI images should be considered to improve the accuracy of GTV delineation.
On the nature of blueshifting hydrogen bonds: Ab initio and density functional studies of several fluoroform complexes

Potential energy hypersurfaces (PESs) for four fluoroform complexes (with acetonitrile, ethyleneoxide, formaldehyde, and water) were explored at the HF, MP2, and B3LYP/6-311++G(d,p) levels of theory. Anharmonic C–H stretching vibrational frequency shifts are reported for all minima located on the studied PESs. In all cases, the lowest-energy minimum occurs for a C–H⋯O(N) hydrogen-bonded arrangement and is characterized by a significant C–H frequency blueshift (upshift), while additional minima [for “reversed” orientations, in which there is no direct C–H⋯O(N) contact] show only small C–H frequency upshifts. The large blueshifts found for the hydrogen-bonded arrangements are predominantly caused by the electronic exchange interaction, as revealed by Kitaura–Morokuma (KM) analysis, while the purely electrostatic+polarization interaction leads to C–H frequency redshifts, which was proven both by the KM analysis and the charge field perturbational (CFP) approach. The large net blueshifting effect of the excha.