Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
DYNAMICS OF MAGNETIZATION REVERSAL IN AMORPHOUS FILMS OF RARE EARTH-TRANSITION METAL ALLOYS

Computer simulations of a two-dimensional lattice of magnetic dipoles are performed on the Connection Machine. The 256 x 256 hexagonal lattice is a discrete model for thin films of amorphous rare earth-transition metal (RE-TM) alloys, which have application as the storage media in erasable optical data storage systems. In these simulations the dipoles follow the dynamic equation of Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert under the influence of an effective field arising from local anisotropy, near-neighbor exchange, classical dipole-dipole interactions, and an externally applied field. Using mean-field theory, we have calculated the temperature dependencies of the subnetwork magnetizations, the effective fields, the gyromagnetic coefficient, and the Gilbert damping parameter. These results are then used in the simulation of the thermomagnetic recording process, where a focused laser beam creates a hot spot and allows an external magnetic field to reverse the direction of local magnetization. The onset of nucleation and the dynamics of growth/contraction by domain wall motion have been studied by means of these simulations.
Correlation between Chest Computed Tomography Scan Findings and Mortality of COVID-19 Cases; a Cross sectional Study

Introduction: Predicting the outcomes of COVID-19 cases using different clinical, laboratory, and imaging parameters is one of the most interesting fields of research in this regard. This study aimed to evaluate the correlation between chest computed tomography (CT) scan findings and outcomes of COVID-19 cases. Methods: This cross sectional study was carried out on confirmed COVID-19 cases with clinical manifestations and chest CT scan findings based on Iran's National Guidelines for defining COVID-19. Baseline and chest CT scan characteristics of patients were investigated and their correlation with mortality was analyzed and reported using SPSS 21.0. Results: 380 patients with the mean age of 53.62 ± 16.66 years were evaluated (66.1% male). The most frequent chest CT scan abnormalities were in peripheral (86.6%) and peribronchovascular interstitium (34.6%), with ground glass pattern (54.1%), and round (53.6%) or linear (46.7%) shape. There was a significant correlation between shape of abnormalities (p = 0.003), CT scan Severity Score (CTSS) (p <0.0001), and pulmonary artery CT diameter (p = 0. 01) with mortality. The mean CTSS of non-survived cases was significantly higher (13.68 ± 4.59 versus 8.72 ± 4.42; <0.0001). The area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve of CTSS in predicting the patients’ mortality was 0.800 (95% CI: 0.716-0.884). The best cut off point of chest CTSS in this regard was 12 with 75.82% (95% CI: 56.07%-88.98%) sensitivity and 75.78% (95% CI: 70.88%-80.10%) specificity. The mean main pulmonary artery diameter in patients with CTSS ≥ 12 was higher than cases with CTSS < 12 (27.89 ± 3.73 vs 26.24 ± 3.14 mm; p < 0.0001). Conclusion: Based on the results of the present study it seems that there is a significant correlation between chest CT scan characteristics and mortality of COVID-19 cases. Patients with lower CTSS, lower pulmonary artery CT diameter, and round shape opacity had lower mortality.
Inheritance of Carotenoid Content in Tetraploid · Diploid Potato Crosses

Carotenoids have a wide range of human health benefits. Yellow-fleshed tetraploid potato (Solanum tuberosum) cultivars have more than twice the concentration of carotenoids as white-fleshed cultivars. However, carotenoid concentrations in some diploid potatoes have been reported to be up to 13 times higher than in 'Yukon Gold', the most popular yellow-fleshed potato cultivar grown in the United States, and up to 22 times higher than in white-fleshed potatoes. The purpose of this study was to determine the feasibility of using these high-carotenoid diploids to develop high-carotenoid tetraploid germplasm. Three diploid clones with high (dark yellow-flesh), moderate (moderate yellow- flesh), and low (white-cream-flesh) carotenoid levels that produced 2n pollen were crossed with a light yellow-fleshed tetraploid advanced breeding selection to determine the inheritance of carotenoid content. Twenty-six to 43 progeny from these three 4x-2x families were grown in a replicated field experiment in Presque Isle, ME, for 2 years. After harvest, carotenoids were extracted and quantified by high-performance liquid chromatography in 13 to 14 randomly selected clones from each family; however, flesh color was scored as white or yellow in all progeny. A continuous distribution of carotenoid concentration with high- and low-carotenoid segregants was observed in all three families. There were no significant differences among these three families for individual or total carotenoid concentrations; however, there were significant differences among clones within families. Broad-sense heritability estimates were high for total carotenoid (0.81), lutein (0.77), zeaxanthin (0.73), and the lycopene beta-cyclase pathway carotenoids (0.73); moderate for neoxanthin (0.42); and low for violaxanthin (0.21) and antheraxanthin (0.13). Based on flesh color segregation, the two yellow-fleshed diploid parents were heterozygous for the Chy2 allele governing yellow-flesh and produced2ngametesbyaseconddivisionrestitutionmechanism.Itappearsthatselectionforhigh-carotenoidtetraploid germplasm can be made from within any family with at least one yellow-fleshed parent. Selections will have to be made on an individual clonal basis rather than on a family basis.
Seeing Things from a Different Angle:Discovering Diverse Perspectives about Claims

One key consequence of the information revolution is a significant increase and a contamination of our information supply. The practice of fact checking won’t suffice to eliminate the biases in text data we observe, as the degree of factuality alone does not determine whether biases exist in the spectrum of opinions visible to us. To better understand controversial issues, one needs to view them from a diverse yet comprehensive set of perspectives. For example, there are many ways to respond to a claim such as “animals should have lawful rights”, and these responses form a spectrum of perspectives, each with a stance relative to this claim and, ideally, with evidence supporting it. Inherently, this is a natural language understanding task, and we propose to address it as such. Specifically, we propose the task of substantiated perspective discovery where, given a claim, a system is expected to discover a diverse set of well-corroborated perspectives that take a stance with respect to the claim. Each perspective should be substantiated by evidence paragraphs which summarize pertinent results and facts. We construct PERSPECTRUM, a dataset of claims, perspectives and evidence, making use of online debate websites to create the initial data collection, and augmenting it using search engines in order to expand and diversify our dataset. We use crowd-sourcing to filter out noise and ensure high-quality data. Our dataset contains 1k claims, accompanied with pools of 10k and 8k perspective sentences and evidence paragraphs, respectively. We provide a thorough analysis of the dataset to highlight key underlying language understanding challenges, and show that human baselines across multiple subtasks far outperform ma-chine baselines built upon state-of-the-art NLP techniques. This poses a challenge and opportunity for the NLP community to address.
Linking Small Farmers to Emerging Agricultural Marketing Systems in India—The Case Study of a Fresh Food Retail Chain in Punjab

Linking primary producers with global and national markets through fresh food retail chains is seen as one of the emerging agricultural marketing practices in India to improve small producer’s livelihoods. The fresh food retail chains are investing from farm to fork to buy fruits and vegetables directly from farmers and sell them to retail buyers. However, fresh food retail chains are largely found working with only large farmers and exclude small farmers for various reasons. In this context, this paper has examined the operations of a fresh food retail chain named ‘Easy Day’ and its interface with farmers in Punjab. The study has revealed that fresh food retail chain primarily works with small intensive vegetable cultivators. It has been found that the retail chain farmers could realize higher profits compared to non-RC (traditional market supplying) farmers mainly because of higher yield and higher price realization in the traditional market because of better quality produce. The retail chain procures only a part of the farmers’ produce and the remaining produce has to be sold in the local markets. The retail chain has not made a genuine effort to provide agriinputs and extension services to the farmers. The study has proposed a number of strategies to further facilitate the marketing of produce of small farmers.
Volumetric intelligence: A framework for the creation of interactive volumetric captured characters

Virtual simulation of human faces and facial movements has challenged media artists and computer scientists since the first realistic 3D renderings of a human face by Fred Parke in 1972. Today, a range of software and techniques are available for modelling virtual characters and their facial behavior in immersive environments, such as computer games or storyworlds. However, applying these techniques often requires large teams with multidisciplinary expertise, extensive amount of manual labour, as well as financial conditions that are not typically available for individual media artists. This thesis work demonstrates how an individual artist may create humanlike virtual characters – specifically their facial behaviour – in a relatively fast and automated manner. The method is based on volumetric capturing, or photogrammetry, of a set of facial expressions from a real person using a multi-camera setup, and further applying open source and acessible 3D reconstruction and re-topology techniques and software. Furthermore, the study discusses possibilities of utilizing contemporary game engines and applications for building settings that allow real-time interaction between the user and virtual characters. The thesis documents an innovative framework for the creation of a virtual character captured from a real person, that can be presented and driven in real-time, without the need of a specialized team, high budget or intensive manual labour. This workflow is suitable for research groups, independent teams and individuals seeking for the creation of immersive and real-time experiences and experiments using virtual humanlike characters.
On Optimization Techniques for Energy Efficient Operation of Cellular Networks

Energy consumption of cellular wireless networks is a growing concern. Even though it accounts for only a small fraction of the total worldwide energy consumption, the rate of growth of these networks is tremendous. The cost of operating cellular base-stations (BSs) constitutes a significant chunk of the total operational cost (OPEX) of the operator. All the BSs in the network remain fully even though the demand for services varies throughout the day, with extremely little demand during the night. An equivalent way of seeing this is that there is excess capacity during off peak hours which can be traded in for energy savings. In this work, we propose a general framework for approaching this problem. We re-configure the network at different times of the day based only the capacity that would be required for that period of time. However, it is known that determining such an optimal network configuration is very difficult computationally. We present two approaches – 1) centralized optimization based on simulated annealing and 2) using game-theoretic tools to distribute the computational task among the nodes. We propose a distributed optimization algorithm based on existing works for this optimization. We also validate the results on simulations performed on a real-world network using data obtained from a leading telecom operator in India.
The Effect of Intellectual Capital towards Firm Performance and Risk with Board Diversity as a Moderating Variable: Study in ASEAN Banking Firms

This paper finds out the impact of intellectual capital on firm performance and risk. Moreover, this paper also examines whether the board diversity in terms of gender and nationality can strengthen the effect of intellectual capital towards firm performance and risk that operates in banking industries in ASEAN. The data in this study obtained from Bloomberg and OSIRIS database and also the firm’s annual reports over the period of 2012-2016 (375 observations) and conducted in ASEAN countries, namely Indonesia, Philippines, Malaysia, Singapore, and Thailand. The results find that the efficient and effective use of intellectual capital will make the firms achieved higher performance. Meanwhile, intellectual capital can help reduce credit risk. In the interaction effect, the result is consistent with social psychology theory and shows that the presence of board diversity actually reduces firm performance and increases risk.
New Constraints on the Abundance of 60Fe in the Early Solar System

Establishing the abundance of the extinct radionuclide 60Fe (half-life 2.62 Ma) in the early solar system is important for understanding the astrophysical context of solar system formation. While bulk measurements of early solar system phases show a low abundance consistent with galactic background, some in situ measurements by secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) imply a higher abundance, which would require injection from a nearby supernova (SN). Here we present in situ nickel isotopic analyses by resonance ionization mass spectrometry (RIMS) in a chondrule from the primitive meteorite Semarkona (LL3.00). The same chondrule had been previously analyzed by SIMS. Despite improved precision compared to SIMS, the RIMS nickel isotopic data do not reveal any resolved excesses of 60Ni that could be unambiguously ascribed to in situ 60Fe decay. Linear regression of 60Ni/58Ni versus 56Fe/58Ni yields an initial 60Fe/56Fe ratio for this chondrule of (3.8 ± 6.9) × 10−8, which is consistent with both the low initial value found by bulk measurements and the low end of the range of initial ratios inferred from some in situ work. The same regression also gives a solar initial 60Ni/58Ni ratio, which shows that this sample was not disturbed by nickel mobilization, thus agreeing with a low initial 60Fe/56Fe ratio. These findings agree with a re-evaluation of previous SIMS measurements of the same sample. Supernova injection of 60Fe into the solar system or its parental cloud material is therefore not necessary to account for the measured solar system’s initial amount of 60Fe.
Molecular Phylogeny of Catfishes ( Teleostei : Siluriformes ) in the Philippines Using the Mitochondrial Genes COI , Cyt b , 16 S rRNA , and the Nuclear Genes Rag 1 and Rag 2

In this study, three mitochondrial genes, namely, cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI), cytochrome b (cyt b), and 16S rRNA, and two nuclear genes, namely, recombination activating gene 1 (rag1) and recombination activating gene 2 (rag2) were used to determine the phylogenetic relationships of seven native and four introduced catfishes in the Philippines belonging to five families. All genetic trees constructed using the methods Maximum-Likelihood (ML) and Bayesian inference (BI) of concatenated sequences of the five genes support the monophyly of catfishes in each of the five families. ML and BI generated a topology (Loricariidae + (Clariidae + (Ariidae + (Pangasiidae + Plotosidae)))). Loricariidae is separated from the monophyletic clade of Ariidae, Pangasiidae, Clariidae and Plotosidae. One specimen each of Arius manillensis and A. dispar (Ariidae) shared the same unique concatenated sequence, while two specimens of Pterygoplichthys pardalis shared a unique concatenated sequence with one specimen of P. disjunctivus (Loricariidae). It is possible that the two Arius species and the two Pterygoplichthys species are synonymous. Future studies may use cytogenomic markers to establish if the species of these latter genera are valid. Future studies may also use a combination of molecular and morphological data in inferring the phylogenetic relationships of catfishes.
Activity of decitabine as maintenance therapy in core binding factor acute myeloid leukemia

Posttherapy measurable residual disease (MRD) positivity in core binding factor acute myeloid leukemia (CBF‐AML) is associated with shorter relapse‐free survival (RFS). Elimination of MRD measured via quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRTPCR) for disease specific transcripts can potentially lead to better outcomes in CBF‐AML.
Adjuvant crizotinib in high-risk uveal melanoma following definitive therapy

Introduction Approximately 40% of patients with uveal melanoma (UM) will develop metastatic disease. Tumors measuring at least 12mm in basal diameter with a class 2 signature, as defined by a widely used gene expression-profiling test, are associated with significantly higher risk of metastasis, with a median time to recurrence of 32 months. No therapy has been shown to reduce this risk. Materials and Methods This was a single-arm, multicenter study in patients with high-risk UM who received definitive treatment of primary disease and had no evidence of metastasis. Patients were consecutively enrolled to receive 12 four-week cycles of adjuvant crizotinib at a starting dose of 250mg twice daily and were subsequently monitored for 36 months. The primary outcome of this study was to assess recurrence-free survival (RFS) of patients with high-risk UM who received adjuvant crizotinib. Results 34 patients enrolled and received at least one dose of crizotinib. Two patients were unevaluable due to early withdrawal and loss to follow-up, leaving 32 patients evaluable for efficacy. Eight patients (25%) did not complete the planned 48-week course of treatment due to disease recurrence (n=5) or toxicity (n=3). All patients experienced at least one adverse event (AE), with 11/34 (32%) experiencing a Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) grade 3 or 4 AE. After a median duration of follow up of 47.1 months, 21 patients developed distant recurrent disease. The median RFS was 34.9 months (95% CI (Confidence Interval), 23-55 months), with a 32-month recurrence rate of 50% (95% CI, 33-67%). Analysis of protein contents from peripheral blood extracellular vesicles in a subset of patient samples from baseline, on-treatment, and off-treatment, revealed a change in protein content associated with crizotinib exposure, however without a clear association with disease outcome. Conclusions The use of adjuvant crizotinib in patients with high-risk UM did not result in improved RFS when compared to historical controls. Analysis of blood extracellular vesicles revealed changes in protein content associated with treatment, raising the possibility of future use as a biomarker. Further investigation of adjuvant treatment options are necessary for this challenging disease.
CEMENT CONTENT OF SOIL-CEMENT BY X-RAY FLUORESCENCE

THE DEVELOPMENT AND EVALUATION OF AN X-RAY SPECTROGRAPHIC ANALYSIS TO DETERMINE THE CONTENTS OF SOIL-CEMENT ARE DESCRIBED. THE ANALYTICAL METHOD USED TO DETERMINE THE WEIGHT PERCENTAGE OF CEMENT IN AN UNKNOWN SOIL-CEMENT MIXTURE IS BASED ON THE PREMISE THAT CERTAIN TYPES OF SOIL AND CEMENT HAVE PRACTICALLY CONSTANT CALCIUM AND IRON CONTENTS. THE SOIL SAMPLES WERE OBTAINED FROM THE BASE AND SUBBASE AT SELECTED LOCATIONS IN A CEMENT-STABILIZED ROADWAY PRIOR TO INCORPORATION OF CEMENT DURING CONSTRUCTION. THE SOIL-CEMENTS ANALYZED WERE FROM PROCTOR SIZE COMPRESSION SAMPLES OF THE DESCRIBED SOILS PROPORTIONED, MIXED AND MOLDED IN THE LABORATORY, AND SAMPLES FROM THE SAME LOCATIONS MOLDED AFTER INCORPORATION OF CEMENT AND MIXING OF MATERIAL ON THE ROAD. THE INTENSITIES OF THE CHARACTERISTIC K-ALPHA RADIATION OF CALCIUM AND IRON WERE MADE WITH AN X-RAY SPECTROMETER. A PULSE HEIGHT SELECTOR WAS USED TO ISOLATE BACKGROUND NOISES. X-RAY DETECTION WAS ACCOMPLISHED WITH A SCINTILLATION COUNTER AND A P-10 GAS FLOW PROPORTIONAL COUNTER. A LITHIUM FLUORIDE ANALYZING CRYSTAL WAS USED. THE RESULTS OBTAINED LED TO THE FOLLOWING CONCLUSIONS: (1) X-RAY FLUORESCENCE DETERMINATION OF CEMENT CONTENT OF SOIL-CEMENT IS NONDESTRUCTIVE, FAIRLY RAPID, SIMPLE, AND SHOULD BE SUFFICIENTLY ACCURATE, (2) CORRECTIONS FOR BACKGROUND INTENSITIES ARE NECESSARY, (3) THE KNOWN AND UNKNOWN SOIL-CEMENTS' STANDARDS SHOULD BE OF THE SAME NATURE, (4) THE MOST RELIABLE RESULTS ARE OBTAINED WITH MAXIMUM PARTICLE SIZE OF 74 MICRONS IN THE SAMPLES, AND (5) CEMENT CONTENTS DETERMINED BY X-RAY FLUORESCENCE ARE GENERALLY HIGHER THAN THOSE BY THE ASTM METHOD, BUT SEEM TO COMPARE FAVORABLY WITH THOSE BY OTHER METHODS.
Environmental predictors for the distribution of the Caspian green lizard, Lacerta strigata Eichwald, 1831, along elevational gradients of the Elburz Mountains in northern Iran

Within its range, the Caspian green lizard, Lacerta strigata , occurs in the Elburz Mountains (northern Iran) at elevations from below sea level to approximately 2700 m a.s. l. To determine the environmental factors affecting the distribution of this lizard, we used an ensemble approach to model the distribution of the Caspian green lizard ( Lacerta strigata ) in Iran using four algorithms (generalized boosted model, maximum entropy, generalized linear model, random forest). Results revealed that low-elevation habitats between the Elburz Mountains and the Caspian Sea are the most suitable habitats for the species. The normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), annual precipitation (both with positive relationships), and altitude (with a negative relationship) were the most important environmental variables influencing the distribution of the species. NDVI was likely the most important variable because it is an indicator of plant productivity, which presumably influences the availability of food resources such as insects. We also tested the validity of an old distribution record for the species near Shiraz in southwestern Iran. The results show that southwestern Iran is not ecologically suitable for the species. As our results highlighted that the NDVI strongly affects distribution of the species, we suggest protection of vegetation cover in the habitat of the species for conservation of Lacerta strigata.