Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Amygdalin Content in Kernels of Several Almond Cultivars Grown in Turkey

Amygdalin is a bioactive compound used in the traditional treatment of some diseases, and it is toxic to humans and animals when it is consumed excessively. It is abundantly found in the kernels of almond cultivars, especially in bitter ones. In the study, theamygdalin contentsofthekernelsof15commercial almond cultivars( Prunusamygdalus L.) were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) for 2 consec- utive years. The seeds of the cultivars were obtained from the Fruit Research Institute, Turkey. Results indicated that amygdalin concentrations of the cultivars were signiﬁcantly different ( P < 0.05) for 2 years. The levels amygdalin ranged from 0.443 g · kg –1 to 1.866 g · kg –1 in 2008 and from 0.250 g · kg –1 to 2.200 g · kg –1 in 2009. As the average of 2years, thehighestconcentrationofamygdalinwasdeterminedin‘Supernova’(1.458g · kg –1 ) and the lowest concentration was determined in ‘Masbovera’ (0.370 g · kg –1 ).
Assessment of Genetic Diversity of Blumeria graminis f.sp.tritici by RAPD Analysis in Guizhou Province

In 2005～2006, 24 strains of Blumeria graminis f.sp. tritici were analyzed with RAPD (random amplified polymorphism DNA)method. 30 probes were selected, and everyone showed significantly different lines from 3 to 7. Loci focused on 300～2 500bp. Polymorphic frequency was 71.8% with 28 polymorphic loci through amplification with 5 primers, indicating that high diversity existed based on RAPD. Clustering analysis showed that the same physiologic race collected untogether, and the relation of strains coming from the same area was closer in linetrees.
Chimpanzee non‐avoidance of hyper‐proximity to humans

A species, especially when it is endangered and surrounded by anthropogenic elements, can be threatened by habitat fragmentation. Food resource availability in the species’ usual or surrogate habitats may reinforce or decrease its use of certain areas. Our objective was to to determine the influence of natural and anthropogenic variables on spatial distribution of eastern chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii). We first determined the home range of a wild chimpanzee community (hereafter Sebitoli Chimpanzee Community [SCC]) based on global positioning system (GPS) point locations (n¼2,586 direct observations and feces locations) collected between 2009 and 2013 in Sebitoli, Kibale National Park, Uganda. We described SCC home range using grid cells (2,959 cells of 100m100m) referencing environmental, spatial, and topographical variables (n¼15). We then determined diet and food species abundance within their territory (n¼63 vegetation plots and 18 months phenological survey) and predicted distribution of the 10 most foraged fruit species within SCC home range, using environmental, spatial, and topographical variables (n¼10) by applying a maximum entropy model (maxent). We then predicted chimpanzee presence as a function of environmental, spatial, and topographical variables (n¼15) using the maxent model and assessed its truthfulness with the kernel model, based only on GPS point locations. Chimpanzees in Sebitoli were mostly observed in a core area of 5.42 km2 within the 25-km2 home range. They did not avoid forest edges in contact with human populations, especially males who used larger core areas than females. Factors with the greatest positive impact on the chimpanzee distribution model (maxent area under the curve [AUC]¼0.907) were related to 3 different food resources: 1) proximity to forest edges considered as attractive because of presence of crops cultivated by local farmers; 2) proximity to a tarmac road that crosses the SCC home range with shoulders covered by attractive terrestrial herbaceous vegetation; and 3) presence of wild forest fruiting resources. The results obtained with the maxent predictive model, applied on a fine scale, were consistent with the kernel model, based on real observations. Therefore, such an approach may be recommended for surveys or action plans interested in sustainable management of wildlife in an anthropogenic environment and may be a useful tool to better understand parameters of a prefered zone for an endangered species.
The Real Term Structure and Consumption Growth

One version of the consumption-based asset pricing model implies a linear relation between expected returns and expected consumption growth. This paper provides evidence that the expected real term structure contains information that can be used to forecast consumption growth. The evidence is strongest for the 1970's and 1980's. The real term structure contains more information than two alternative measures: lagged consumption growth and lagged stock returns. Further, the real term structure appears to have slightly more forecasting power than the leading commercial econometric models. This is the working paper version of my 1988 Journal of Financial Economics article.
The Neurology of Memory: Quantitative Assessment of Amnesia in Two Groups of Amnesic Patients Retrograde

The phenomenon of retrograde amnesia has important implications for understanding normal memory as well as its neural organization. Using 6 tests of remote memory, we evaluated the extent and severity of retrograde amnesia in 2 groups of amnesic patients-7 patients with alcoholic Korsakoff’s syndrome and 5 other patients with amnesia (anoxia or ischemia, N = 3; thalamic infarction, N = 1; unknown etiology, N = 1). Although there were individual differences, Experiment 1 showed that the severity and extent of retrograde amnesia was similar for the 2 groups. Retrograde amnesia was temporally graded across a period of about 15 years and was not detectable in more remote time periods. In Experiment 2, repeated testing during a 3 year period showed that amnesic patients and control subjects were similarly consistent in their responses. Amnesic patients did not catch up to control subjects by eventually accumulating as many correct answers as the control subjects. In Experiment 3, amnesic patients performed normally on a test of very difficult general information questions, which were based on material likely to have been learned long ago. In all 3 experiments, the 2 groups of amnesic patients performed
Populations and Hibernating Conditions of the Ant Aphaenogaster (Attomyrma) Rudis Emery (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)

This paper concerns populations of the ant Aphaenogaster rudis Emery studied at St. Charles County, Missouri, during 1947–1949. All collections were made in the autumn, winter, and spring, and thus the paper supplements a summer study of Aphaenogaster rudis made by A. E. Headley in northern Ohio (Headley, 1949), giving together a year-around picture of their nesting conditions, maturing of brood, and hibernation.
Optimization of efficient protocorm-like body (PLB) formation of Phalaenopsis and Dendrobium hybrids

Optimization of the protocorm-like body (PLB) formation of Phalaenopsis and Dendrobium hybrids was performed by determining the effects of plant growth regulators (PGRs) and different parts and division sizes of the PLB. For both genera, the base part was the best for the proliferation of PLBs, yielding the highest number of PLBs on a PGR-free medium for Phalaenopsis and medium containing 0.1 μM NAA and 10. 0μM BAP for Dendrobium. As regards the division size, four-division sections resulted in a higher PLB formation efficiency for Phalaenopsis, while two-division sections produced a higher PLB formation efficiency for Dendrobium. It is expected that these findings will be applicable to efficient PLB formation of other Phalaenopsis and Dendrobium orchids.
A new species of Pareas (Serpentes: Colubridae: Pareatinae) from the Gaoligong Mountains, southwestern China

A new species of Pareas Wagler, 1830 (Serpentes: Colubridae: Pareatinae) is described from Gaoligong Mountains, Yunnan province, southwestern China. The new species is distinguished from congeners in the following combination of traits: preoculars 1/1; subocular and postocular fused into a single crescent-shaped scale; anterior temporals 1, posterior 2–3; 15 dorsal rows on whole body, 9 median rows feebly keeled (invisible on neck); vertebral scales slightly enlarged; ventrals 175; subcaudals 76 (excluding terminal spine), all divided; a big black oval patch on the back of head; two round black spots on each side of the face.
The Key in the Slot: Creativity in a Chinese Key.

At the Jinling, a comfortable hotel in Nanjing, the key to our hotel room was attached to a large plastic block with the room number embossed on it. When leaving the hotel, guests were encouraged to turn in the key, either by handing it to an attendant standing behind the desk or by dropping the key into a slot. Because the key slot was rectangular and narrow, the key (with its plastic pendant) had to be carefully aligned by hand so that it would fit into the snug slot. Our twenty-month-old son Benjamin, whom we had adopted from Taiwan a year earlier, loved to carry around the key and shake it in his hand. He also liked to attempt to place the key into the key slot. Whenever my wife or I approached the hotel registration desk with Benjamin in our arms, he would bring the key to the vicinity of the slot and then try to shove it into the hole. Because of his tender age and limited understanding, he would usually fail to insert it into the slot. This lack of success did not bother Benjamin in the least. He loved to bang the key on the slot and enjoyed the sound it made and the kinaesthetic sensation it produced. My wife Ellen and I were both perfectly happy to allow Benjamin to bang the key in the vicinity of the key slot. But I soon observed an interesting phenomenon. Frequently, when there was a Chinese attendant nearby-and sometimes even when there was merely a Chinese passer-by in the vicinity-that individual would come over to watch Benjamin. As soon as the observer saw what our son was
Temporal decomposition of speech and its relation to phonetic information

In articulatory phonetics, speech is described as a sequence of distinct articulatory gestures towards and away from articulatory targets, resulting in a sequence of speech events. Due to overlap of the gestures, these articulatory targets are often only partly realized. Atal (1983) has proposed a method for speech coding based on so-called temporal decomposition of speech into a sequence of overlapping target functions and corresponding target vectors. The target vectors may be associated with ideal articulatory target positions. The target functions describe the temporal evolution of these targets. This method makes no use of specific articulatory or phonetic knowledge. We have extended and modified this method to improve the determination of the number and the location of the target functions and to overcome some shortcomings of the original method. With these improvements temporal decomposition has become a strong tool in analysing speech, from which researchers working on speech coding, recognition, segmentation and synthesis may profit.
An infinite-alleles version of the simple branching process

Individuals in a population which grows according to the rules defining the simple branching process can mutate to novel allelic forms. We obtain limit theorems for the number of alleles present in any generation, the total number of alleles ever seen and the number of the generation containing the last mutation event. In addition we define a notion of frequency spectrum for each generation as the expected number of alleles having a given number of representatives. As the generation number increases we prove the existence of a limiting notion of the frequency spectrum and discuss its upper tail behaviour. Our results here are incomplete and we make some conjectures which are supported by informal argument and specific examples. NEUTRAL ALLELES; POPULATION GENETICS; FREQUENCY SPECTRUM
Political sophistication and political deviance: A structural equation examination of context theory.

Context and ideologue theory each imply different causal relations between political sophistication, self-confidence, and political deviance. This study used linear measurement and structural equation models to test the plausibility of various causal models dealing with the relations among indexes of political sophistication, self-confidence, print media usage, racism, and political deviance. The findings were consistent with the expectations of context theory and contradictory to the expectations of the various ideologue models. Since at least the time of Gustav Le Bon (1908, 1913), the dominant view in the Western world has been that political deviates and extremists (e.g., fascists and communists) tend to possess overly simplistic, rigid, and generally unsophisticated political schemas. Although this view was challenged by early members of the Frankfurt school (see Adorno, Frenkel-Brunswik, Levinson, & Sanford, 1950; Frenkel-Brunswik, 1948, 1949; Fromm, 1941), it still remains by far the dominant model for understanding the nature of the personality-ideology interface. This position has become known as
Inhaled corticosteroids in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: Moving toward precision medicine

© 2019 International Journal of Noncommunicable Diseases | Published by Wolters Kluwer ‐ Medknow Inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) are the mainstay of maintenance pharmacotherapy in asthma, either alone or in combination with inhaled long‐acting beta‐agonists (LABAs). ICS are quite effective in controlling the eosinophilic inflammation so characteristic of this disorder. This is not the case with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), which is mostly characterized by neutrophilic airway inflammation. Bronchodilators such as inhaled long‐acting anti‐muscarinic agents (LAMA) and/ or LABA remain the preferred mode of COPD treatment. The place of ICS in the management algorithm of COPD has remained a debatable issue. As fresh evidence emerged with respect to the utility and adverse effects of ICS in COPD in the last few years, the position of international experts has witnessed rapid and frequent shifts while framing management guidelines.
Pharmacokinetics of Sparfloxacin in Man

Pharmacokinetics of sparfloxacin (5-amino-1-cyclopropyl-7-(cis-3, 5-dimethyl1-piperazinyl) 6, 8-difluoro-1, 4-dihydro-4-oxoquinoline-3-carboxylic acid), a new synthetic antibacterial agent, was evaluated in the healthy male volunteers. The subjects were given a single oral dose (100, 200 and 400mg, each of 6 subjects) and a repeated oral dose (200mg×2/day for 7 days and 300mg × 1/day for 7 days, each of 6 subjects). The results were as follows :1. Mean plasma levels of sparfloxacin reached maximum concentrations at 4h after single dosing of 100, 200 and 400mg and were dose-related with corresponding values of 0.34, 0.58 and 1. 18μg/ml, respectively, followed by a slow decrease with apparent half-lives of 15.8 ? 16.9h. Plasma levels of sparfloxacin glucuronide accounted for about 30-40% of the unchanged drug.2. Urinary excretion of the unchanged drug and its glucuronide during 72 h after single dosing accounted for 12 ? 13% and 28 ? 31% of the dose, respectively. In feces, 51% of the dose was excreted as unchanged drug, and no metabolites were detected after dosing of 200mg.3. There were no significant changes in the plasma concentration-time profile and the fraction of urinary excretion between single and multiple doses, indicating that the pharmacokinetics of sparfloxacin in man was not affected by its multiple administration.4. Plasma levels and urinary excretion were not significantly altered after dosing with or without food.5. An average of 38% of the unchanged drug was bound to plasma protein.
Synthesis of (1→2)-β-D-Glucan by Cell-free Extracts of Agrobacterium radiobacter IFO 12665b1 and Rhizobium phaseoli AHU 1133

Particulate preparations from Agrobacterium radiobacter IFO 12665b 1 and Rhizobium phaseoli AHU 1133 have been shown to catalyze the synthesis of (1→2)-β-d-glucan from UDP-d-[14C]glucose. The (1→2)-β-d-glucans synthesized are suggested to be in a cyclic form without other glycosidic linkages and to consist of a mixture of several components with degrees of polymerization of 17 and more. The enzyme systems from A. radiobacter IFO 12665b 1 and R. phaseoli AHU 1133 both required Mn2+ and had optimum activities at pH 7.5 ~ 8, and their Km values for UDP-d-[14C]glucose were 5 × 10~5 m and 3.3 × 10−5 m, respectively.
Prototype analysis of the concepts of love and commitment

I analyzed lay conceptions of love and commitment from a prototype perspective. In Study 1, subjects listed the features of love and/or commitment. In Study 2, centrality (prototypicality) ratings of these features were obtained. In Study 3, central features were found to be more salient in memory than peripheral features. In Study 4, it was shown that it sounded peculiar to hedge central but not peripheral features. In Study 5, central features of love were expected to be more applicable than peripheral features as relationships increased in love. Similarly for commitment, central features were expected to be more applicable than peripheral features as relationships increased in commitment. In Study 6, violations of central features of love were perceived as contributing to a greater decrease in love than were violations of peripheral features. Similarly, violations of central features of commitment were perceived as contributing to a greater decrease in commitment than were violations of peripheral features. Concerning the relation between love and commitment, I concluded that the findings across several studies fit best with Kelley's (1983) description of these concepts as largely overlapping but partially independent. "Love and marriage go together like a horse and carriage— you can't have one without the other. " The words of this old song are relevant to the contemporary issue of how love and commitment are related. Although not everyone agrees that "you can't have one without the other," few would disagree that love and commitment are of crucial importance in people's lives. Kelley (1983) has listed a number of reasons why the concepts of love and commitment deserve scientific attention. First, the kinds of questions people ask about their own relationships almost invariably involve love and commitment issues (e.g., "How can I be sure my partner loves me? " "How can I get my partner to make a commitment to our relationship? ") Second, the analysis of these concepts "takes us deeply into the personal and interpersonal processes involved in the formation and continuation of close heterosexual relationships" (p. 267). Finally,
Analysis of the transcript of the herpes simplex virus DNA polymerase gene provides evidence that polymerase expression is inefficient at the level of translation

We have mapped the termini and determined the relative abundance and ribosome density of the major cytoplasmic transcript of the DNA polymerase (pol) gene of herpes simplex virus type 1. Nuclease protection and primer extension analyses located the 5' end of the major pol transcript at two closely spaced sites 51 and 57 nucleotides to the left of a BamHI site at map position 0.413. S1-sensitive sites corresponding to additional minor transcripts were found to map further upstream within a palindromic sequence that contains a viral replication origin. The major 3' end was found to map 90 nucleotides upstream of a KpnI site at map position 0.439. Quantitative S1 nuclease assays revealed that pol transcripts were nearly as abundant as transcripts encoded by the viral thymidine kinase gene. However, relatively few pol transcripts were found on large polysomes at 5.5 h after infection, when pol transcripts were most abundant. This was in marked contrast to the polyribosome distribution of transcripts from the thymidine kinase gene and the major DNA-binding protein gene. These results and sequence features of the pol transcript suggest that pol expression is regulated, in part, at the level of translation.
Quantitative relationship between capsular content and killing of K1-encapsulated Escherichia coli

Since there are conflicting reports in the literature on a possible relationship between the K1 capsular polysaccharide (CP) content of Escherichia coli and its susceptibility to killing, we reexamined this issue in a strain that had a smooth lipopolysaccharide (LPS) phenotype (E. coli O18:K1:H7 Bort) and in a strain with a deep rough LPS phenotype (E412, spontaneously agglutinable: K1:H-). When cell-associated K1 capsular content was greater than 90 micrograms of K1 polysaccharide per 10(10) CFU, neither strain was lysed by 20% normal human serum. In contrast, at equivalent but lower levels of K1 CP content, E412 but not strain Bort was lysed by normal human serum. Thus, LPS phenotype is an additional surface determinant that affects bacterial susceptibility to killing. Organisms obtained from very early log phase, when cell-associated K1 CP is greatest, were significantly more virulent for mice than were bacteria harvested in stationary phase, when cell-associated K1 polysaccharide is lowest. We conclude that (i) there is a threshold level of K1 CP needed to confer protection from lysis by serum, and this is usually exceeded under standard growth conditions; (ii) at a given level of K1 CP the LPS phenotype is an important determinant of bacterial killing; and (iii) the loss of capsule at low pH may be an additional mechanism by which hosts defend against invasive infection by K1-encapsulated E. coli.
Flysch trace fossils from the Cretaceous Kodiak Formation of Alaska

The Cretaceous Kodiak Formation at the northeastern end of Kodiak Island, Alaska, is interpreted to have been deposited in a distal deep-sea fan complex. Facies analysis of the sequence suggests deposition in channels (both major and distributary), lobe fringe (proximal and distal), and interchannel and interchannel/channel mouth environments. The strata contain a diverse and relatively abundant trace fossil assemblage consisting, at the ichnogeneric level, of twenty-six forms: Acanthorhaphe, Chondrites, Circulichnis, Cochlichnus, Cosmorhaphe, Desmograpton, Glockerichnus, Gordia, Helminthoida, Helminthopsis, Muensteria, Neonereites, Nereites, Paleodictyon, Palaeophycus, ? Phycosiphon, Planolites, Protopaleodictyon, Scolicia, Spirophycus, Spirorhaphe, Taenidium, Taphrhelminthopsis, Terebellina, Thalassinoides, and Yakutatia. Thirty-eight ichnospecies are described, three of which (Acanthorhaphe ichnosp., Cosmorhaphe helicoidea, and Desmograpton fuchsi) are recorded for the first time in North America. Final channel-fill (levee) and interchannel environments contain the most abundant and diverse ichnoassemblages, a reflection of favorable environmental parameters for inhabitation by benthic organisms, but more importantly the presence of diverse lithotypes conducive to the final preservation of their activity. Channel-fill sequences are devoid of trace fossils, a reflection of substrate mobility and lack of shale interbeds precluding toponomic preservation. Lobe fringe sequences contain only isolated trace fossils, a reflection of their poor exposure and largely monolithologic character. The ichnoassemblage is compared to 20 previously described and taxonomically well-documented deep-water flysch trace fossil studies from the Phanerozoic. Comparison at the ichnogeneric level is favorable with only Acanthorhaphe, Terebellina, and Yakutatia being relatively unique to the Kodiak sequence.