Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Evaluación de competencias en educación superior: conceptos, principios y agentes

Las instituciones de educación superior actualmente están adoptando, a nivel mundial, una nueva forma de orientar la enseñanza de los contenidos a las competencias. Por su carácter de situado y complejo, la competencia requiere de otros modos de evaluación. El propósito de este artículo es presentar un análisis de cómo la evaluación de las competencias en el aula se formula, diseña e implementa mediante la revisión de literatura especializada como metodología selecta. El enfoque de este artículo fue de la evaluación de competencias a nivel aula, desde la perspectiva del personal docente. Los resultados del artículo permitieron distinguir y analizar los conceptos asociados a la evaluación de competencias, los principios por los que una competencia debe ser evaluada; los estándares, evidencias y otras consideraciones, y los ejemplos de pasos para realizarla. Es relevante profundizar en los y las agentes involucradas: estudiantes, docentes e instituciones. Se concluye que la evaluación de competencias tiene un cuerpo teórico extenso, y que para su adopción es vital el diálogo entre agentes.
Conflict and Victimization in Online Drug Markets

ABSTRACT In the criminal underworld, transactions generate risk for the parties involved, but in contrast to legal markets, parties are unable to turn to legal recourse when cheated in a transaction. Past research has found that many strategies can be used to manage conflicts, including self-help strategies (vengeance, discipline and rebellion, avoidance, negotiation, settlement, and tolerance) and third-party interventions. In the context of illicit drug markets, ostracism and threats or actual violence are also strategies that have been observed. In this paper, we surveyed 49 online illicit drug market vendors to explore the conflict experiences of drug dealers who participate in online and offline illicit drug markets. The paper aims to describe the conflict and victimization experiences of online drug dealers and to understand the mitigating effect of technologies on these conflicts. The results indicate that conflict and victimization experiences are rare for online drug dealers, but there are still many situations that are not mitigated by the use of anonymizing technologies like those used on online illicit markets. We demonstrate how these conflicts differ between online and physical drug markets.
Axisymmetric Hybrid Plasma Model for Hall Effect Thrusters

Hall Effect Thrusters (HETs) are nowadays widely used for satellite applications because of their efficiency and robustness compared to other electric propulsion devices. Computational modelling of plasma in HETs is interesting for several reasons: it can be used to predict thrusters’ operative life; moreover, it provides a better understanding of the physical behaviour of this device and can be used to optimize the next generation of thrusters. In this work, the discharge within the accelerating channel and near-plume of HETs has been modelled by means of an axisymmetric hybrid approach: a set of fluid equations for electrons has been solved to get electron temperatures, plasma potential and the discharge current, whereas a Particle-In-Cell (PIC) sub-model has been developed to capture the behaviour of neutrals and ions. A two-region electron mobility model has been incorporated. It includes electron–neutral/ion collisions and uses empirical constants, that vary as a continuous function of axial coordinates, to take into account electron–wall collisions and Bohm diffusion/SEE effects. An SPT-100 thruster has been selected for the verification of the model because of the availability of reliable numerical and experimental data. The results of the presented simulations show that the code is able to describe plasma discharge reproducing, with consistency, the physics within the accelerating channel of HETs. A small discrepancy in the experimental magnitude of ions’ expansion, due probably to boundary condition effects, has been found.
Port institutional responses and sustainability performance: a moderated mediation model

ABSTRACT Drawing on the theory of institution, this research investigated the effects of institutional responses, employees’ sustainability behavior, and sustainability transformational leadership on sustainability performance at seaports. Data were collected from 296 employees of port corporations in Taiwan, and a moderated mediation model was developed. Using exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses, this study identified four port institutional response dimensions: coercive policy, normative training, communication, and motivation. The results showed that sustainability transformational leadership, employees’ sustainability behavior, and port institutional responses positively affect sustainability performance. Employees’ sustainability behavior plays a mediating role between sustainability transformational leadership and sustainability performance. Specifically, this study found that port institutional responses play a moderated mediation effect on the relationship between sustainability transformational leadership and sustainability performance through employees’ sustainability behavior. Lastly, implications for port sustainability practices and institution theory are discussed.
“I Wanted to Give Back to the Profession:” Preservice Teacher Supervision as Service Work

ABSTRACT For decades, university supervisors of preservice teachers (PSTs) have been undervalued and ignored. Following neoliberal reforms, post-secondary institutions have outsourced PST supervision to contingent faculty, failed to provide professional development for supervisors, offered poor employment conditions, and overlooked PST supervision in tenure and promotion decisions. These actions, combined with the service orientation of teacher education, have framed PST supervision as service work. This case study sought to understand how supervisors and administrators in one teacher education department positioned supervisors’ work as service and the influence of the institution and department on that positioning. Using a survey, interviews, and document analysis, this study found that supervisors positioned their work as professional, financial, and emotional service. In turn, the institution and teacher education department positioned supervisors’ work as service by providing minimal compensation and no institutional rewards and expecting supervisors to enact roles that were not officially required of them. The study’s implications are that teacher educators and higher education administrators should strive to recruit and retain a professional corps of supervisors, provide ongoing professional development to supervisors to assist in the professionalization of the role, and resist notions of supervision as service.
Simulation Study of the Formation Mechanism of Sigmoidal Structure in the Solar Corona

The formation mechanism of sigmoidal structure in the solar coronal magnetic field is studied using the three-dimensional magnetohydrodynamic numerical simulations, based on the so-called reversed-shear flare model recently proposed by Kusano et al. The simulation results clearly indicate that magnetic reconnection driven by the resistive tearing mode instability growing on the magnetic shear inversion layer can cause the spontaneous formation of sigmoidal structure. Furthermore, it is also numerically demonstrated that the formation of the sigmoids can be followed by the explosive energy liberation, if the sigmoids contain sufficient magnetic flux. This implies that the reversed-shear flare model can provide a self-consistent explanation for the formation of sigmoids as well as for the onset of eruption, which is driven by magnetic reconnection above sigmoids. The geometric relationship between the sigmoidal structure and the minimum energy state predicted by J. B. Taylor in 1974 is examined. The result suggests that the sigmoidal formation could be understood as a manifestation of the minimum energy state, which has the excess magnetic helicity compared to the bifurcation criterion of the linear force-free field. The consistency with the observations of magnetic helicity is also discussed.
Effect of Layering Sequence on Impact Properties of Alkali Treated Phoenix Pusilla Fibers-Glass-Carbon Fabrics Reinforced Hybrid Composite Laminates

ABSTRACT This work aims to evaluate the effect of stacking sequence on impact properties of polymer hybrid composites comprising randomly oriented Phoenix pusilla leaf fibers (PPFs), woven E-glass, and carbon fabrics. The PPFs were treated with 6% (w/v) NaOH solution for a period of 45 min. The composite laminates are produced through manual hand lay-up method by arranging treated PPFs, E-glass, and carbon fabrics in different layering sequences and impact and interlaminar shear strength properties were evaluated. The results showed that hybrid composites with carbon as outer layers exhibit an improved impact and an interlaminar strength property as compared to remaining hybrid laminates. Scanning electron microscopy investigation was also carried out on the fractured specimens in this work. This work is a part of exploring the use of hybrid composite prepared for some potential engineering applications.
Multilingual effects on EFL learning: a comparison of foreign language anxiety and self-confidence experienced by bilingual and multilingual tertiary students

ABSTRACT The present project examined foreign language anxiety (FLA) and self-confidence experienced by bilingual and multilingual tertiary students in Saudi Arabia who were learning English as a Foreign Language (EFL). The study involved 354 students (163 bilinguals and 191 multilinguals) recruited from public Saudi universities. Participants answered the Foreign Language Classroom Anxiety Scale (FLCAS; Horwitz, Horwitz, and Cope 1986, “Foreign Language Classroom Anxiety.” The Modern Language Journal 70 (2): 125–132). Results of an exploratory factor analysis (EFA) identified two dimensions underlying FLA: ‘English class performance anxiety’ and ‘confidence with English’ Analyses of the data revealed that the bilingual students experienced more FLA than their multilingual peers; however, they also experienced more self-confidence. The present study provides empirical evidence of the role played by multilingualism in the Saudi context in terms of FLA and self-confidence.
Crack cocaine use among aging Mexican American men with heroin use histories: motivations and polydrug use patterns

Abstract Background Knowledge about the motivations for crack cocaine use and the long-term effects among people who inject heroin is limited. This study aims to understand motivations associated with this co-use drug pattern among aging men entrenched in established intergenerational heroin subcultures. Methods A sample of 60 men with diverse injecting heroin use histories was recruited from low-income Mexican American urban communities for semi-structured ethnographic interviews using respondent-driven sampling. Qualitative analysis was then employed to provide an in-depth understanding of patterns and motivations of polydrug use among this older population. Results The men discussed motivations including tolerance, curiosity and experimentation, a paradox of affordability, alternatives to the health hassles and stigma, and the cross-fertilization of drug markets. Concurrent and switching use patterns were primarily reported among those seeking a new or different high, while replacement patterns were reported by men in methadone treatment or by those who had tired of injection. Discussion Findings translate to the on-going opioid crisis and the emerging trend in polysubstance use involving crack cocaine, methamphetamine and other psychostimulants among people who use heroin. More research is needed to investigate the full range of social and health consequences associated with these co-use patterns. Targeted and tailored prevention and treatment services are essential to improve outcomes among aging Mexican American men who use heroin and other persons with similar polydrug use patterns.
The use of anomalous x-ray diffraction as a tool for the analysis of compound semiconductors

We provide a review about the current and previous use of anomalous diffraction of x-rays in the analysis of compound semiconductors. Among the large number of available techniques, those that have been used in successful experiments on this class of compounds are identified. An exhaustive overview of the compound semiconductor systems that have been studied successfully is provided and the kind of results derived from experiments is discussed.
Hydrophobic modification of SiO2 surface with disilanobiphenyl and disilanobithiophene and the application to pentacene-based organic transistors

ABSTRACT Surface modification of inorganic oxide with organic modifiers is an important process in areas of surface and interface engineering. In this paper, we report the hydrophobic modification of SiO2 surface using tetramethyldisilanobiphenyl (DSBP) and tetramethyldisilanobithiophene (DSBT) as new modifiers. Irradiation of an ozone-cleaned glass plate in a toluene solution of DSBP with a low-pressure mercury lamp at room temperature in an argon atmosphere led to the hydrophobic modification of the glass surface. Treatment of a glass plate in the dark at room temperature provided similar hydrophobic surface, although the process proceeded less rapidly. Modification of glass surface was also possible by DSBT, but less effectively. This process with DSBP was applied to the fabrication of the top-contact p-type organic thin film transistor (OTFT) with a pentacene film as the active layer, prepared by vapor-deposition on SiO2/Si surface. Modification of SiO2/Si surface by DSBP led to enhanced mobility, by enlargement of grain size and enhancement of the crystallinity.
Experimental Study on Sulfur Deactivation and Regeneration of Ni-Based Catalyst in Dry Reforming of Biogas

The dry reforming of methane (DRM) using biogas and a Ni-based catalyst for syngas production was studied experimentally in this study under the presence of H2S. Using the nonpoisoned DRM performance as a comparison basis, it was found that the catalyst deactivation by the sulfur chemisorption onto the catalyst surface depends on both reaction temperature and time. With low reaction temperatures, a complete sulfur coverage was resulted and could not be regenerated. With higher reaction temperatures, the H2S coverage decreased, and the poisoned catalysts could be regenerated. The experimental results also indicated that a catalyst deactivation could not be avoided by using the bi-reforming of methane by adding O2 or H2O simultaneously in the reactant due to the stronger chemisorption capability of sulfur. The catalyst could only be regenerated after it was poisoned. The experimental results indicated that the high-temperature oxidation process was the most effective process for regenerating the poisoned catalyst.
Risk-Managed Momentum: An Evidence from Indian Stock Market

Relative momentum strategies yield large and substantial profits in the Indian Stock Market. Nevertheless, relative momentum profits are negatively skewed and prone to occasional severe losses. By taking into consideration 450 stocks listed on the Bombay Stock Exchange, the present study predicts the timing of these huge momentum losses and proposes a simple risk-managed momentum approach to avoid these losses. The proposed risk-managed momentum approach not only doubles the adjusted Sharpe ratio but also results in significant improvements in downside risks. In contrast to relative momentum payoffs, risk-managed momentum payoffs remain substantial even in extended time frames. The study’s findings are particularly relevant for asset management companies, fund houses and financial academicians working in the area of asset anomalies.
Quantifying the boron demand of Pelargonium graveolens for optimum biomass yield and quality of essential oil under field conditions

Abstract Deficiency and toxicity of micronutrient boron (B) play a critical role in plant productivity. In this study, the evaluation of B supplementation on biomass and essential oil (EO) yield of rose-scented geranium (Pelargonium graveolens L.) and its distribution at different application rates (2.5, 5.0, and 7.5 kg ha−1) was performed in a field trial during the growing season of two consecutive years 2017–18 and 2018–19. Boron uptake, plant biomass, and EO yield along with EO constituent in leaves were determined at different time scales. Application of B significantly improved the biomass yield of P. graveolens and at B-II treatment (5.0 kg ha−1 dose) highest biomass and EO yield was recorded, however, B-III treatment (7.5 kg ha−1) demonstrated toxicity symptoms like the decline in protein and chlorophyll content and an increase in proline and stress enzymes (SOD, CAT) in plant leaves. The effects of B on EO constituents varied with the different developmental stages of P. graveolens. Furthermore, the application of B at 5.0 kg ha−1 acts as a stimulant in upgrading the quality and quantity of EO with improved main aroma constituent’s P. graveolens than the control without modulating odor quality i.e., citronellol:geraniol (C:G) ratio. Hence, the study revealed a balanced level of B as a crucial parameter for the enhanced productivity with the improved economic return of P. graveolens.
The Influence of Learning Style on Science Process Skills and Student Learning Outcome of Digestive System Material

This study aimed to analyze the learning style on science process skill and learning outcome class XI digestive system in State Senior High School of Kisaran, Asahan. This method applied a descriptive study with a quantitative approach. Samples were taken from four schools, each one class totaling 144 students by using purposive sampling. To obtain the data, the description test was used as a questionnaire to determine student learning styles. The high results are visual with a percentage of 38.19. Then the student science process skills instrument with indicators such as observing, classifying, interpreting, predicting, asking questions, hypothesizing, planning experiments, applying concepts, and communicating in biology learning. The results on science process skills of the digestive system material were categorized as good with a score of 82.06 and the highest indicator for observing obtained a mean score of 86.63. with a very good category and the lowest indicator for applying the concept obtained a score of 79.16 a good category. The learning result test obtained a score of 89,04with a very good category. The high score of C6 was obtained at 91.43. and lowest C5 obtained 72.22.
Same as It Ever Was? The Impact of Racial Resentment on White Juror Decision-Making

While a rich literature has developed around race and juror decision-making, little is known about the underlying reasoning and psychology informing these decisions. In this article, we argue juror decision-making and reasoning in cases featuring an African American defendant are moderated by a juror’s level of racial resentment. We present a survey experiment that subtly manipulates the race of the defendant and ask respondents to assess the guilt of the defendant and explain the reasoning for their decision. We find that racially resentful jurors exposed to a vignette featuring an African American defendant are more likely to see the defendant as guilty and to employ distinctive explanations for assessing their guilt. Additionally, we find whites with low levels of racial resentment exposed to an African American defendant are significantly less likely to view the defendant as guilty and also employ substantively different reasoning in relation to their decision.
Mitigating the Implications of Covid‐19 on the Academic Project at Walter Sisulu University in South Africa: A Proposed Framework for Emergency Remote Teaching and Learning

Walter Sisulu University (WSU) in South Africa, like other universities worldwide, is faced with the challenges associated with the outbreak of the Covid‑19 pandemic. The challenge has changed our day-to-day lives, including the way we interact and conduct business. In the midst of this, WSU has had to change the way learning and teaching occurs. Traditional face-to-face tuition had to be adapted by moving to the online mode of teaching and learning to both minimise the time lost in the academic project and protect staff and students from the devastating effects of the virus. This article reflects the actions taken by the University and describes its pilot-project approach to online learning and those processes it has put in place to ensure its effective implementation. While it is accepted that switching to an online mode of teaching and learning can facilitate flexibility in space and time, the reality is that the majority of students at WSU – mainly due to their geographical and socio-economic environments – experience daily challenges ranging from poor network coverage, lack of internet connectivity, lack of electricity and other socio-economic impediments that make online learning stressful or beyond their reach. In this article, we present a model that could be used by higher education institutions (HEIs) to respond to Covid‑19 in the short term. The proposed model is underpinned by a framework that caters for students who are readily able to access online learning, students with intermittent access to online facilities and finally, students who cannot access online education. First, we provide a brief description of online learning, highlighting the challenges presented to teaching and learning by this approach. We argue that our context and education policies present additional problems that militate against the adoption of online strategies by most HEIs. In the final instance, we present a framework that is better suited to our context and can be used during and after the lockdown. Data were collected using online questionnaires with both structured and openended questions from both lecturers and students to determine their experiences with the testing project. Lastly, we draw conclusions based on the findings of the study.
Premature Death Risk from Young Adulthood Incarceration

ABSTRACT Drawing the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979 data, a comprehensive treatment model indicates a strong positive influence of incarceration on premature death risk. Models adjust for numerous covariates of mortality, including demographics, family background, and a range of health and behavioral indicators measured during childhood, as well as selection into incarceration (“treatment”). This study expands extant research by observing much longer panel data, closer to the mortality curve. The main treatment effect reveals risk of premature death by one’s mid-fifties being increased by 13.9 percentage-points. Results also indicate that young adulthood incarceration shortens lives equally for Blacks and non-Blacks.