Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Coastal vulnerability due to extreme waves at Kalpakkam based on historical tropical cyclones in the Bay of Bengal

The study reports the development of a coastal vulnerability index (CVI) based on extreme waves for the Tamil Nadu coast. Region of interest is Kalpakkam, a coastal town located approximately 70 km south of the metropolis Chennai in Tamil Nadu State, India. The CVI computation performed for a coastal stretch of about 250 km that covers ten identified locations, with coastal Kalpakkam as the focal point. The study uses historical records of past cyclone tracks from 1945 to 2009 that had its landfall in Tamil Nadu State. There were 31 best cyclone tracks identified to construct the most probable synthetic/hypothetical track for this region. This synthetic track used to conduct several numerical experiments for cases of medium‐ and fast‐moving cyclones. The extreme waves computed at these locations using a high‐resolution Simulating Waves Nearshore (SWAN) wave model particularly tuned for this region. Seven key parameters finally identified in the computation of CVI. These include maximum significant wave height, maximum probable surge estimated from 50‐year return period, and other geomorphologic characteristics at all ten stations. This is the metric indicator used in the final estimation of CVI. The study signifies that metropolis Chennai and the adjacent region extending up to 57 km northwards is a high‐risk prone zone. The risk level due to extreme waves is low at Kalpakkam.
Three-dimensional radon 222 calculations using assimilated meteorological data and a convective mixing algorithm

The distribution of 222Rn is simulated using a three-dimensional chemistry and transport model driven by assimilated data. The multiyear calculation is the first to use meteorological data from the Goddard Earth Observing System data assimilation system (GEOS-1 DAS). In addition, this calculation is the first to use moist convection and boundary layer parameters directly from a DAS to calculate mixing via moist convection and turbulence. Previously, these quantities have been derived after the assimilation procedure. Model output and data are compared at sites selected to evaluate model performance in a range of dynamic environments. Simulated afternoon boundary layer concentrations are within 30% of observed concentrations. Simulated nighttime concentrations are ≈50% of measured values although the bias is greatly reduced (and even disappears at Socorro, New Mexico) when nocturnal sub-grid-scale turbulent mixing is suppressed. Continental profiles are “C-like”; a result that is consistent with the moist convective algorithm's tendency to move material from the planetary boundary layer (PBL) to the upper troposphere directly. CTM-calculated 222Rn at Bermuda closely matches observations even during periods of frontal passage showing that the atmospheric circulation is accurate and that ventilation of the continental PBL is realistic. Model-calculated 222Rn concentrations in the marine upper troposphere are consistent with observations in the eastern Pacific and near Darwin.
Mixing state of regionally transported soot particles and the coating effect on their size and shape at a mountain site in Japan

Soot particles influence the global climate through interactions with sunlight. A coating on soot particles increases their light absorption by increasing their absorption cross section and cloud condensation nuclei activity when mixed with other hygroscopic aerosol components. Therefore, it is important to understand how soot internally mixes with other materials to accurately simulate its effects in climate models. In this study, we used a transmission electron microscope (TEM) with an auto particle analysis system, which enables more particles to be analyzed than a conventional TEM. Using the TEM, soot particle size and shape (shape factor) were determined with and without coating from samples collected at a remote mountain site in Japan. The results indicate that ~10% of aerosol particles between 60 and 350 nm in aerodynamic diameters contain or consist of soot particles and ~75% of soot particles were internally mixed with nonvolatile ammonium sulfate or other materials. In contrast to an assumption that coatings change soot shape, both internally and externally mixed soot particles had similar shape and size distributions. Larger aerosol particles had higher soot mixing ratios, i.e., more than 40% of aerosol particles with diameters >1 µm had soot inclusions, whereas <20% of aerosol particles with diameters <1 µm included soot. Our results suggest that climate models may use the same size distributions and shapes for both internally and externally mixed soot; however, changing the soot mixing ratios in the different aerosol size bins is necessary.
Environmental Assessment and Legal Approach of Qaraoun Artificial Lake, Lebanon

The Qaraoun artificial Lake, being one of the biggest water resources in Lebanon, is subject to pollution from different sources. The Qaraoun artificial Lake has recently become a wastewater collector from the river upstream. Human activities that exist near the lake exaggerate the problem. In addition to analysis of water and field verification, modern techniques of remote sensing and statistical study were applied to facilitate identification of the main pollutants governing the lake water, and comparing the results of each parameters with the international and national guidelines for drinking water to induce the anomalous values i n this study. The study looks to the Qaraoun artificial Lake as one part, for this reason physico - chemical, organic chemical and inorganic non - metallic samples were collected monthly between 2007 and 2012 from the same site of the lake, and analyzed in or der to determine water quality and the correlation between each parameter.
Introducing nurse‐led heart failure clinics in Swedish primary care settings

According to clinical guidelines, it is recommended that patients with heart failure (HF) receive structured multidisciplinary care at nurse‐led HF clinics in order to optimise treatment and avoid preventable readmissions. Today, there are HF clinics with specialist‐trained nurses at almost all Swedish hospitals, but HF clinics remain scarce in primary care (PC). The aim of this study was two‐fold: firstly, to evaluate the effects of systematically implementing nurse‐led HF clinics in PC settings with regard to hospital healthcare utilisation and evidence‐based HF treatment, and secondly to explore patients' experiences of HF clinics in PC.
Laboratory and field assessment of pile run chat from the Tar Creek superfund site stabilized with class C fly ash and cement kiln dust

Abstract A combined laboratory and field study was undertaken to assess the suitability of pile run chat as a roadway base material. Chat is mine tailings from the abandoned mines in the Tri-State Mining District involving Oklahoma, Kansas and Missouri. The chat does not have any cohesion and consequently no compressive strength in unconfined form. In this study, pile run chat was stabilized with 10% class C fly ash (CFA) and 10% cement kiln dust (CKD), separately. Results from the laboratory study showed an appreciable increase in the unconfined compressive strength (UCS) and elastic modulus of pile run chat due to cementitious stabilization. CFA stabilized specimens exhibited higher strength than the CKD stabilized specimens. Results from the field tests, namely, Spectral Analysis of Surface Waves (SASW) and Falling Weight Deflectometer (FWD), showed that stabilized chat base layer perform well as part of a pavement structure. It was also found that the field modulus of elasticity, determined from both SASW and FWD, of CFA-stabilized chart base layer were higher than the corresponding values of CKD-stabilized chat base layer.
The table hill volcanics of the officer Basin—Precambrian or Palaeozoic?

Abstract The Table Hill Volcanics of the Officer Basin were first dated as approximately 1100 m.y. from Rb‐Sr model ages for total‐rock samples of basalt from the Yowalga No. 2 bore. Later regional mapping, however, places the Volcanics as Marinoan (very late Precambrian) or younger, and receives support from discordant K‐Ar ages ranging from 330 m.y. to 445 m.y. New total‐rock analyses confirm the original Rb‐Sr data, but analyses of separated minerals do not confirm the low value for the initial 87Sr/86Sr that had been assumed to calculate the 1100 m.y. model age. Instead, apparently‐unaltered primary pyroxenes indicate that the initial 87Sr/86Sr could be as high as 0.718. Combined with the total‐rock results, this yields an apparent age for the basalt of 575 ± 40 m.y. It is possible in principle that the high 87Sr/86Sr in the pyroxenes could be due to Sr isotope exchange during a Palaeozoic metamorphism, but there is absolutely no field or petrological evidence for such an event. Consequently, and in v.
Palaeontology and Zooarchaeology of Mezmaiskaya Cave (Northwestern Caucasus, Russia)

Abstract Over 6000 large mammal and numerous small vertebrate remains have been recovered from preliminary excavations at Mezmaiskaya Cave, situated at 1300–1350 m above sea level in the northwestern foothills of the Caucasus Mountains. Most remains were recovered from layers containing Mousterian artefacts that date to the late Middle Pleniglacial (35,000 bp and older). The faunal assemblage reflects a very low degree of weathering, and many bones exhibit traces of stone tool cuts and carnivore modification. Steppe bison (Bison priscus), Caucasian goat (Capra caucasica), and Asiatic mouflon (Ovis orientalis) are the most common large mammals. The remains of reindeer (Rangifer tarandus) were encountered for the first time in the Caucasus. Although most of the smaller vertebrate remains appear to have been accumulated by nonhuman biotic processes (e.g. owl predation), the majority of the ungulate remains probably represent animals hunted by the Mousterian occupants of the cave.
Modulation of subsets of cardiac B lymphocytes improves cardiac function after acute injury

Recommended Citation Adamo, Luigi; Staloch, Lora J; Rocha-Resende, Cibele; Matkovich, Scot J; Jiang, Wenlong; Bajpai, Geetika; Weinheimer, Carla J; Kovacs, Attila; Schilling, Joel D; Barger, Philip M; Bhattacharya, Deepta; and Mann, Douglas L, ,"Modulation of subsets of cardiac B lymphocytes improves cardiac function after acute injury. " JCI Insight. 3,11. (2018). https://digitalcommons.wustl. edu/open_access_pubs/9082
Cardiac remodelling hinders activation of cyclooxygenase-2 , diminishing protection by delayed pharmacological preconditioning : role of HIF 1 alpha and CREB

hinders activation of cyclooxygenase-2, diminishing protection by delayed pharmacological preconditioning: Aims We tested whether delayed pharmacologic preconditioning elicited by isoflurane is protective in infarct-remodelled hearts. Methods and results Male Wistar rats were treated with the preconditioning drug isoflurane 6 weeks after permanent ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery. Twenty-four and 48 h later, hearts were perfused on the Langendorff system and treated with cyclooxygenase-2 or 12-lipoxygenase inhibitors before exposure to 40 min of ischaemia followed by 90 min of reperfusion. Infarct size was determined by triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining and lactate dehydrogenase release. Cyclooxygen-ase-2 expression and activity were measured by Western blotting and colorimetric assay. Nuclear translocation of cyclooxygenase-2-inducing transcription factors HIF1a, CREB, STAT3, and NFkB was determined. Post-infarct, remodelled hearts exhibit alterations in cellular signalling, time course and extent of isoflurane-induced late protection. While remodelled, preconditioned hearts exhibited protection exclusively at 24 h, healthy hearts showed sustained protection for up to 48 h, which correlated with cyclooxygenase-2 protein expression and enzymatic activity. The cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors celecoxib and NS-398, but not the 12-lipoxygenase inhibitor cinnamyl-3,4-dihydroxycyanocinnamate, abolished delayed protection in both healthy and remodelled hearts, identifying cyclooxygenase-2 as a key mediator of late protection in both models. Isoflurane induced nuclear translocation of HIF1a in all hearts, but CREB was exclusively activated in healthy but not remodelled myocardium, which expressed higher levels of the CREB antagonist ICER. Delayed protection by isoflurane in remodelled hearts was more vulnerable to inhibition by celecoxib. Conclusion Isoflurane failed to mobilize cyclooxygenase-2-inducing CREB in ICER-overexpressing, remodelled hearts, which was associated with a shortening of the second window of protection.
THE BLUE ENAMELS IN THE BAROQUE DECORATIONS OF THE CHURCHES OF PALERMO, SICILY: FE2+‐COLOURED GLASSES FROM LIME KILNS*

Deep blue glasses coloured by octahedral Fe 2+ cations are often reported as textbook examples of blue pigmentation. However, despite the possibility of laboratory synthesis under reducing conditions, to date there are no well-reported occurrences of their production and use in the past. A thorough historical, ethnographic, mineralogical, and chemico-physical investigation of the 'smaltini di calcara' from several baroque churches in Palermo, Sicily, has revealed that the blue enamels widely used for altar decorations in the 17th and 18th centuries are actually a unique case of ancient blue glasses pigmented by divalent iron cations in distorted octahedral coordination. This mixed-alkali glass was accidentally produced under severely reducing conditions in the local kilns during production of lime.
Ocean subsurface warming as a mechanism for coupling Dansgaard‐Oeschger climate cycles and ice‐rafting events

Heinrich events have been attributed to surging of the Laurentide ice sheet every 7 thousand years or so during glacial time. These massive ice‐rafting events only occurred during cold phases of millennial‐scale, Dansgaard‐Oeschger climate cycles. Other observed ice‐rafting events, sourced from ice streams at various locations around the northern North Atlantic, occurred during all Dansgaard‐Oeschger cold phases and led Heinrich events when the latter took place. Here it is suggested that ocean subsurface warming in the northern North Atlantic during the cold phases may provide the key to explaining these climate ‐ ice rafting phasings. Such warming would lead to ice shelf melting and breakup. Without buttressing by ice shelves, ice streams may surge, leading to increased iceberg production. This interpretation is supported by results of a simplified, coupled climate model and by available sediment and ice sheet data.
Etude lithostratigraphique, biostratigraphique et sédimentologique du sondage de Lessines

Le sondage de Lessines a ete implante dans la vallee de la Dendre, derniere zone d'affleurement vers l'ouest de la bordure sud du Massif du Brabant. Les roches sedimentaires recoupees par ce sondage sont subdivisees en quatre unites lithostratigraphiques informelles. Les Unites I et II, d'âge ordovicien superieur (graptolites, chitinozoaires et acritarches), montrent le passage progressif d'alternances mudstones-siltstones rythmiques a des shales noirs et se sont deposees par divers processus turbiditiques dans un environnement allant vraisemblablement de la partie inferieure du talus aux plaines de bassin. L'Unite III, formee de siltstone a stratification ondulante (quartzophyllades) et slumps frequents est d'âge tremadocien (acritarches). Elle est egalement interpretee comme une sequence de turbidites de faible densite deposee sur un talus sous-marin. L'Unite IV, montre un facies pelitique uniforme date du Cambrien Inferieur ou Moyen (acritarches). Des correlations avec les affleurements du bord sud du Massif du Brabant sont proposees.
Asymmetric extensional structures and their implications for the generation of melanges

Abstract Studies of melanges in the Shimanto Belt of southwest Japan have shown that many of the included blocks exhibit asymmetric geometries, similar to boudins and inclusions in medium grade metamorphic rocks which have been subjected to markedly non-coaxial strains. Deformation is accomplished by mesoscopically ductile processes such as pore-pressure-controlled or diffusionally-controlled grain boundary sliding, although localized fracture and cataclasis also occurs. It is suggested that the melanges developed by the propagation of extensional displacement zones, analogous to shear bands, through sandstone beds, so progressively dismembering them. Studies of the detailed internal geometries of melanges along with the deformation mechanisms active during their formation may help resolve the mode of formation of these problematic units.
Studying ozone climatology with a regional climate model: 2. Climatology

The Canadian Regional Climate Model with oxidant chemistry (CRCM) has been used to study the climatology and transport of ground-level ozone in eastern North America. The climatology is derived from simulations of five consecutive Julys from 1990 to 1994. Biogenic emissions are calculated each time step, while anthropogenic emissions are taken to be identical for each simulated July. Comparisons of daily ozone maximum for each individual month suggest that the model is simulating satisfactorily the month-long periods and usually correctly reproduces the high and low ozone regimes associated with the different parts of the domain and/or the various synoptic conditions, the Ohio region being the exception. The climatological number of exceedences above 80 ppbv, calculated as the monthly average for the 5 years, yields better agreement with the number of exceedences calculated from the observed climatological O3 field than those for the individual months. This behavior suggests that a large fraction of the errors present in each simulation are randomly distributed. Thus it should be possible to obtain fields that are more representative of reality, for applications such as emission reduction scenario studies, by averaging over several long simulations.
First ground‐based infrared solar absorption measurements of free tropospheric methanol (CH3OH): Multidecade infrared time series from Kitt Peak (31.9°N 111.6°W): Trend, seasonal cycle, and comparison with previous measurements

[1] Atmospheric CH 3 OH (methanol) free tropospheric (2.09-14-km altitude) time series spanning 22 years has been analyzed on the basis of high-spectral resolution infrared solar absorption spectra of the strong ν 8 band recorded from the U.S. National Solar Observatory on Kitt Peak (latitude 31.9°N, 111.6°W, 2.09-km altitude) with a 1 -m Fourier transform spectrometer (FTS). The measurements span October 1981 to December 2003 and are the first long time series of CH 3 OH measurements obtained from the ground. The results were analyzed with SFIT2 version 3.93 and show a factor of three variations with season, a maximum at the beginning of July, a winter minimum, and no statistically significant long-term trend over the measurement time span.
Clinoform development by advection-diffusion of suspended sediment: Modeling and comparison to natural systems

Clinoforms are the building blocks of prograding stratigraphic sequences. These sig- moid-shaped surfaces can be found forming today on modem deltas. Sedimentation rate profiles over the clinoform surface of these deltas show low rates of sediment accumulation on both topset and bottomset regions, with a maximum accumulation rate on the upper foreset region. We pres- ent a model for the formation of clinoforms that relies on the interpretation of modem clinoform sedimentation as a result of the distribution of shear stresses at the mouth of a river. Model clino- form surfaces are generated using an equation for the conservation of suspended sediment concentration, together with a conservation of fluid equation for simple time-averaged flow velocity fields. In the model, suspended sediment is advected horizontally into a basin, and gravitational settling of sediment particles is counteracted by vertical turbulent diffusion. In shallow water, shear stresses are too large to allow deposition, and sediment bypasses the topset region. With increasing water depth, near-bed shear stresses decrease, and sediment is allowed to deposit at the foreset region, with gradually decreasing rates toward deeper water. This sedimentation pattern leads to progradation of the clinoform surfaces through time. The clinoform surfaces produced by the model capture the fundamental morphological characteristics of natural clinoforms. These include the gradual slope rollover at the topset and bottomset, steeper foreset slopes with increased grain size, and an increase in foreset slope through time as clinoforms prograde into deeper water. Because the parameters controlling the model clinoforms have a direct relation to physical quantities that can be measured in natural systems, the model is an important step toward unraveling the physical processes associated with these deposits.
Space‐time rainfall organization and its role in validating quantitative precipitation forecasts

The scope of this paper is to introduce a suite of new multiscale statistical measures which can be used, in addition to traditional measures, to compare observed and model-predicted patterns for model validation. Recent research on analysis of observed precipitation patterns at a multitude of scales has revealed interesting spatial and spatiotemporal organizations which have often been related to physical properties of the storm environment. By testing whether this multiscale statistical organization is also reproduced in the model-predicted patterns or whether there are significant biases and disagreements in such comparisons is conjectured to hold promise for understanding model performance and guiding future model improvements. Results from application of the developed methodologies to the May 7-8, 1995, multisquall line storm over central Oklahoma are presented and discussed in light of the additional information gained by the new validation measures as compared to traditional measures.
Statistical relationships between solar UVB and UVA radiation and global radiation measurements at two sites in Israel

Statistical relationships between the hourly radiation intensity values of both ultraviolet-B (UVB) and ultraviolet-A (UVA), and of the corresponding global radiation at two sites in Israel, the Dead Sea and Beer Sheva, are presented using radiation data measured from January 1995 to January 1999. It was determined, based upon the square of the correlation coefficient (r 2 ), that in the case of the UVB, a quadratic equation provided a better fit of the database, whereas in the case of UVA, a linear equation was sufficient, i.e. no significant improvement in r 2 was obtained using a quadratic equation. Each monthly empirical equation was tested by utilizing measurements from a single month of independent observations. The accuracy of the individual equations was determined by calculating the mean bias error (MBE), the root mean square error (RSME) and the percent coefficient of variation (CV). The results of this statistical analysis showed that, at both sites, the UVA relationships were characterized by a CV of 20% were observed for more than a third of the individual months at both the Dead Sea and Beer Sheva. Monthly and seasonal relationships from one site were then tested by applying them to the second site. In both cases, the relationships between both UVA and UVB and global radiation were found to be site-specific. On the basis of this statistical analysis, the UVA relationships were found to be far superior predictors than the corresponding UVB ones. In fact, the UVB relationships have limited applicability for predicting UVB from the corresponding global solar radiation intensity.