Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The resistivity of liquid metals with finite mean‐free path

The electrical resistivity of Sb, Bi, Sn, and Pb are calculated using Ziman's formula modified for finite mean-free path. Square-shouldered hard-sphere model potentials are used to find the structure factor. The effect of structure factor on the calculation of the resistivity is studied. Der elektrische Widerstand von Sb, Bi, Sn ond Pb wird mit der fur eine endliche freie Weglange modifizierten Ziman-Formel berechnet. Kastenformige Potentiale des Modells harter Kugeln wer-den benutzt, um den Strukturfaktor zu finden. Der Einflus des Strukturfaktors auf die Berechnung des Widerstands wird untersucht.
Investigation on the Electrical Conductivity of PZT Modified by Manganese and Cerium

PZT is a ferroelectric ceramic material that has acquired immense importance in the field of electronics industry. The main focus of this report is to present the electrical conductivity response of manganese and cerium modified lead zirconatetitanate (PZT). The conductivity response has been investigated with respect to frequency of applied ac electric field and temperature. The samples have been prepared by mixing high purity chemicals, through high temperature solid state route. The frequency response of electrical conductivity has been analysed on the basis of Maxwell-Wagner and Koop’s model. The temperature response of electrical conductivity indicated that the compounds exhibit Arrhenius behaviour.
New estimates for the heat flux across the Polar Front: spatial and temporal variability in recent years

Abstract Two different methodologies are applied in order to quantify the eddy contribution to the heat flux across the Polar Front, between January 2006 and December 2009. First, the eddy fluxes are indirectly estimated through a heat balance based on geostrophic fluxes obtained from the Argo climatological temperature and salinity. Second, a parametric model based on sea level anomaly data from a merged satellite product is used to obtain a direct estimate of the eddy heat flux and its temporal and spatial variability. The results obtained through the heat balance (-80.5 ± 16.45 x 1013 W) and the parameterization (-56.2 ± 4.18 x 1013 W) are within the range established by previous studies. The eddy heat flux is observed to be concentrated in a few narrow regions, with a particularly large contribution from the Atlantic sector. A trend of intensification of the southward heat flux is observed in the study period (-0.44 x 1013 W year-1), compatible with recent modelling and observational studies.
Dehalogenation reactions in the fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry of phenothiazine‐related drugs

Dehalogenation reactions of selected phenothiazine antipsychotic and tricyclic antidepressant drugs were studied during fast atom bombardment (FAB) mass spectral analysis. All of these halogenated compounds demonstrated the presence of ions corresponding to the loss of a halogen and its replacement by a hydrogen atom. The structure of the dechlorinated ion for chlorpromazine and the source of the hydrogen atoms replacing the chlorine were studied using perdeuterio-glycerol, accurate mass measurement and comparison of the spectrum with its authentic dechlorinated analog. In addition tandem mass spectrometric studies illustrated identical daughter ion spectra for the dechlorinated ion arising during FAB mass spectrometry of chlorpromazine and the analogous ion present in its unhalogenated analog promazine. The dechlorination process once started by exposure to the atom beam during static FAB mass spectrometry demonstrates an accumulation of dechlorinated ion with time. During continuous flow FAB where the sample is refurbished with time the extent of dechlorination remains relatively constant. The extent of dehalogenation was greater for chlorinated compounds as compared to fluorinated derivatives. The percentage exchange of chlorinated compounds ranged from 7.2% to 32.6% while the percentage exchange for triflupromazine was 3.3%. The recognition that such ions can arise during FAB mass spectrometry avoids the possible misinterpretation of such ions as being due to sample contamination or due to in vivo metabolic dehalogenation during metabolism studies.
Direct formation of the γ-CaSO4 phase in dehydration process of gypsum: In situ FTIR study

Abstract The dehydration mechanism of natural single crystals of gypsum was investigated in the temperature range 300-430 K by in situ infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The thermal evolution of the second-order modes of H2O and SO4 groups in gypsum, in the wavenumber range 4850.5450 cm-1 and 2050.2300 cm-1 respectively, were used to probe the dehydration and rehydration sequence. A total disappearance of the combination modes of H2O and the replacement of four SO-24 bands (2245, 2200, 2133, and 2117 cm-1) observed at room temperature by three bands (2236, 2163, and 2131 cm-1) observed at 390 K indicates the direct formation of γ-CaSO4 upon heating. Upon cooling water re-enters into the γ-CaSO4 structure at around 363 K to form bassanite. This observation, that the dehydration of gypsum directly yields γ-CaSO4 (anhydrite) without the intermediate formation of hemi-hydrate (bassanite), is further corroborated by the dehydration behavior of bassanite. The second-order SO4 modes of bassanite observed around 2218, 2136, and 2096 cm-1 were replaced with the bands of γ-CaSO4 at about 378 K upon heating.
Structural Chemistry of Oximes

Oximes (RR′C═N–OH) represent an important class of organic compounds with a wide range of practical applications, but a systematic examination of the structural chemistry of such compounds has so far not been carried out. Herein, we report a systematic analysis of intermolecular homomeric oxime···oxime interactions, and identify hydrogen-bond patterns for four major categories of oximes (R′ = −H, −CH3, −NH2, −CN), based on all available structural data in the CSD, complemented by six new relevant crystal structures. The structural behavior of oximes examined here, can be divided into four groups depending on which type of predominant oxime···oxime interactions they present in the solid-state: (i) O–H···N dimers (R22(6)), (ii) O–H···N catemers (C(3)), (iii) O–H···O catemers (C(2)), and (iv) oximes in which the R′ group accepts a hydrogen bond from the oxime moiety catemers (C(6)). The electronic and structural effects of the substituent (R′) on the resulting assembly has been explored in detail to rational.
Association of Serum Complement Components (C3 and C4) with Disease Activity in Yemeni Bronchial Asthmatic Patients

Objective: To assess the role of the complement components (C3 and C4) in the pathogenesis and severity of bronchial asthma (BA) among Yemeni patients. Methods: This cross-sectional, clinic-based study was conducted in Sana’a city, Yemen in the period from March to June 2012. It included 100 BA patients, where demographic and clinical data were collected using a pre-designed, structured questionnaire. Blood samples then collected by venipuncture, and sera were then separated and tested for the levels of C3 and C4 by immunoturbidimetry assay. Data were analyzed using suitable statistical tests using IBM SPSS Statistics, version Results: Of 100 patients, 53% were males and 29% were older than 40 years. The mean age of patients was 34.7± 17.5 years (range: 6–80). The majority of patients had active asthma (81.0%) and experienced asthma for more than two years (66.0%). Dyspnea (81.0%) and cough (65.0%) were the most frequent clinical features, while edema (11.0%) was the least frequent clinical feature among asthmatic patients. The mean level of serum C3 among BA patients was elevated (127.9 ± 21.3 mg/dL) and was significantly higher among females, patients aged 40 years or older and those with active BA, but there was no statistically significant difference with respect to the duration of asthma. In contrast, the mean level of serum C4 was normal (27.6 ± 8.8 mg/dL) but was significantly higher among patients aged 40 years or older and those having asthma for more than two years. Wheezing was significantly associated with the mean level of serum C3 among BA patients. Similarly, the mean level of serum C4 was significantly higher among patients having cough. Conclusions: The majority of Yemeni patients with BA have elevated levels of serum C3, which can be significantly higher in females, patients older than 40 years and those with active asthma. On the other hand, the levels of serum C4 are normal among the majority of Yemeni patients with BA, but these can be elevated among those with severe clinical features or long-term asthma. Keywords: Active asthma, Bronchial asthma, Complement, C3, C4, Yemen
Astrovirus and Norovirus Infections among Asymptomatic Edible Straw-Colored Fruit Bats (Eidolon Helvum Kerr) in Southwest Nigeria

Astrovirus and Norovirus Infections among Asymptomatic Edible Straw-Colored Fruit Bats (Eidolon helvum Kerr) in Southwest Nigeria Michael Oluyemi Babalola1*, Adedayo Olajide Ajayi2 and Temitope Akinrodoye2 1Infectious Diseases Epidemiology, Virology, and Special Pathogens Research, Department of Microbiology, Adekunle Ajasin University, Akungba Akoko, Ondo state, Nigeria 2Department of Microbiology, Adekunle Ajasin University, Akungba Akoko, Ondo state, Nigeria
Air-Dry and Water-Stable Soil Aggregate Distribution of Polish Chernozems Classified in Various Complexes of Agricultural Suitability

The objective of this study was quality estimation of air-dry and water-stable soil aggregate distribution in Polish Haplic Chernozems developed from loess. It was found that among the Chernozems classified in the particular complexes of agricultural suitability there were small differences in the content of air-dry aggregates with sizes of 0.25-10 mm. The distribution of air-dry aggregates in horizons Ap, A, and ABw was estimated as good or medium, while that in horizons Bw and Ck as medium or poor. In the Chernozems classified in the very good wheat complex and the good wheat complex the content of water-stable aggregates with sizes of 0.25-10 mm was significantly greater than in soils classified in the deficient wheat complex. The water-stable aggregate distribution in the Ap horizons of soils classified in the very good and good wheat complexes was estimated as good, and in the Ap horizons of soils of the deficient wheat complex as medium. In horizons A the distribution of water stable aggregates was assessed as medium, and in horizons ABw, Bw, and Ck as poor or very poor.
EFFECT OF DRYING TEMPERATURE ON AMOUNT OF NUTRIENT ELEMENTS EXTRACTED WITH 0.01 M CaCl2 SOIL EXTRACTION PROCEDURE

In the current soil drying protocol of the 0.01 M calcium chloride (CaCl2) procedure, soils are oven dried at 40°C for 24 h. At this drying temperature, as well as at lower drying temperatures, a change of the actual soil nutrient element status cannot be excluded because microbes will be active during part of the drying period. However, a higher drying temperature may affect soil characteristics and soil processes and also lead to a misinterpretation of the soil nutrient element status. An explanatory study was conducted to get more insight into the effect of i) oven drying temperature and ii) the use of forced-air ventilation at low drying temperatures on nutrient elements extracted with the 0.01 M CaCl2 procedure. The goal of the study was to investigate the perspectives of optimization of the soil drying protocol of the 0.01 M CaCl2 procedure. Three moist test soils with different soil characteristics were oven dried at 20 and 40°C with and without forced air ventilation and at 70 and 105°C without forced-air ventilation. The moist test soils and the dried soils were extracted with a 0.01 M CaCl2 solution and pH and total N (N), ammonium-nitrogen (NH4-N), nitrate-nitrogen (NO3-N), ortho-phosphate (ortho-P), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), sodium (Na), and manganese (Mn) determined in the supernatant after centrifugation. Soluble organic N (org-N) was calculated as the difference between N and the summation of NH4-N and NO3-N. In the temperature range from 40 to 105°C, ortho-P, NH4-N, org-N, and Mn extracted tended to increase two or threefold for each 30–35°C increase in drying temperature. Differences in ortho-P, NH4-N, org-N, and Mn extracted at 20 and 40°C were relatively small. The pH, K, Na, and NO3-N extracted were affected by drying temperature but the effect was variable. Magnesium extracted was not affected by drying temperature. The use of forced air ventilation at 20 and 40°C had no significant effect on the amount of org-N, NH4-N, ortho-P, K, and Mg extracted. There were significant effects of forced-air ventilation on pH and NO3-N, Na, and Mn extracted but the effects were variable. Test values (60–70%) of the moist test soils were significantly different from the respective test values of the test soils dried at 20 and 40°C with and without forced-air ventilation. Based on the differences between moist and dried soils, it is questionable if soil drying should be recommended in the 0.01 M CaCl2 procedure. Therefore, further research should focus on the relationship between soil test values of moist and dried soils with crop response. If soil drying is preferable drying temperature should not exceed 40°C.
Prevalence and Negative impact of Videogames among children and adolescents in Albaha city, KSA

Introduction: Video games (VGs) have become widely spread nowadays occupying most of the leisure time of the children, this may affect their schooling, sleeping, and behavior adversely. Methodology: This cross-sectional prospective study was carried out to assess the prevalence and negative impact of VGs on children and adolescents. A questionnaire was designed and filled by the parents together with their child to assess the rate of VGs playing and whether it has left any negative effects on the child. Results: VGs prevalence among the participants was about 99.3%. VGs Playing was found to predispose to the following negative effects among the studied group: violence and aggressive behavior (25%), excessive eating (37%), behavioral problems as lack of attention (23%) and hyperactivity (19%), decreased school performance (32%), sleep disturbances as staying awake for a late time at night (45%), and semi-addictive effect (5.9%). Conclusion: The vast majority of the participants reported playing VGs. VGs playing was demonstrated to have a lot of negative effects on the studied group such as violence and aggressive behavior, excessive eating, behavioral problems as inattention, decreased school performance, sleep disturbances, and semi-addictive effect.
Negative Bias and Increased Variability in VOC Concentrations Using the HydraSleeve in Monitoring Wells

The HydraSleeve is a sampling device for collecting groundwater from the screened interval of a monitoring well without purging that uses a check valve to take in water over the first 3 to 5 feet of an upward pulling motion. If the check valve does not perform as expected, then the HydraSleeve has the potential to collect water from an incorrect depth interval, possibly above the screened interval of the well. We have evaluated volatile organic chemical (VOC) results from groundwater samples collected with the HydraSleeve sampler compared to other methods for sampling monitoring wells at three sites. At all three sites, lower VOC concentration results were observed for samples collected using the HydraSleeve. At two of these three sites, the low concentration sample results were most strongly associated with monitoring wells with more than 10 feet of water above the monitoring well‐screened interval. At the site with the largest dataset, the median bias for samples collected with HydraSleeve was −20% (p < 0.001). At this site, a bias of −26% (p < 0.001) was observed for the subset of monitoring wells with greater than 10 feet of water above the screened interval compared to a bias of −7% (p = 0.21) for wells screened across the top of the water table. In addition to lower VOC concentrations, the monitoring records obtained using the HydraSleeve were more variable compared to monitoring records obtained using purge sampling methods, a characteristic that would make it more difficult to determine the long‐term concentration trend in the well.
INCREASING SAR OF IRRIGATION WATER AGGRAVATES BORON TOXICITY IN MAIZE (ZEA MAYS L.)

We evaluated the effect of boron (B) application on shoot growth and shoot B concentration and uptake by two maize cultivars (‘FHY-396’ and ‘Sonari’) on a loam soil irrigated with water of different sodium absorption ratio (SAR) values [control, 5 and 15 (mmolc L−1)1/2]. Plants were harvested after forty days of growth. Shoot dry matter decreased significantly (P < 0.05) with B application due to toxicity marked by leaf injury. Toxic effect of B was further aggravated by increasing SAR of irrigation water. In both cultivars concentration and uptake of B was significantly (P < 0.05) increased over control with B application and SAR of irrigation water. Shoot Ca concentration decreased with increasing SAR and B application. The phenomena of B toxicity and low Ca marked by reduction in shoot dry matter of plants irrigated with high SAR water could be important in management of brackish water used for irrigating crops on arid and semiarid region soils.
Relaxors, spin, Stoner and cluster glasses

It is argued that the main characteristic features of displacive relaxor ferroelectrics of the form A(B, B′)O3 with isovalent B, B′ can be explained and understood in terms of a soft pseudo-spin analogue of conventional spin glasses as extended to itinerant magnet systems. The emphasis is on conceptual comprehension and on stimulating new perspectives with respect to previous and future studies. Some suggestions are made for further studies both on actual real systems and on test model systems to probe further. The case of heterovalent systems is also considered briefly.
Perturbation Theory for the Information Bottleneck

Extracting relevant information from data is crucial for all forms of learning. The information bottleneck (IB) method formalizes this, offering a mathematically precise and conceptually appealing framework for understanding learning phenomena. However the nonlinearity of the IB problem makes it computationally expensive and analytically intractable in general. Here we derive a perturbation theory for the IB method and report the first complete characterization of the learning onset-the limit of maximum relevant information per bit extracted from data. We test our results on synthetic probability distributions, finding good agreement with the exact numerical solution near the onset of learning. We explore the difference and subtleties in our derivation and previous attempts at deriving a perturbation theory for the learning onset and attribute the discrepancy to a flawed assumption. Our work also provides a fresh perspective on the intimate relationship between the IB method and the strong data processing inequality.
Pressure gauge accuracy and tire maintenance awareness among vehicle owners in Birnin Kebbi, Nigeria

Aside from human factors, tire blowouts and other tire imperfections are major contributors to the persistently high road accident rate. While tire imperfections are categorized as part of the mechanical factors affecting road accident, the tire maintenance personnel and the vehicle owners' human behavior plays a significant role in ensuring that accidents due to tire imperfections are minimized. Therefore, this study aims to determine the accuracy of the pressure gauges used by tire maintenance personnel, popularly called vulcanizers in Nigeria, and to determine the level of awareness of vehicle owners about the basic information that affects the safe use of tires on the road. The study consists of two stages. The first stage investigates the accuracy of the pressure gauges used by twenty vulcanizers in four different districts in Birnin Kebbi, the northwestern part of Nigeria. The second stage was an online survey regarding the tire maintenance behavior of 87 participants, who were formally educated from Diploma to Ph.D. level. The study's findings showed that about 25% of the vulcanizers do not use pressure gauges to measure air pressure during tire inflation, and less than 17% of the readings taken were accurate. Yet about 60% of the respondents believe that vulcanizers' pressure gauges are reliable and less than 30% of the respondents know that the expiring date of tires is four years in Nigeria. Therefore, there is an urgent need for proper awareness about tire usage and maintenance among the general population. It would also be appropriate to include such basic road safety information in the school curriculum at all levels.
EFFICACY AND SAFETY OF TURMERIC IN LOWERING BLOOD LIPID LEVELS AND GLUCOSE IN RATS FED HIGH-FAT DIETS

Curcuma longa L. plant (known as curcum hence the n ame Curcuma, turmeric) is a member of the Curcuma botan ical group, which is part of the ginger family of herbs, Turmeric is use d worldwide as the main ingredient in curry, the spice, and as a source for curcumin or curcuminoids. it is used for medicinal purposes This study was co nducted on sixty Sprague Dawley strain male rats and weighting 100±10 g. Six rats served as control (-ve) group (Co.(-)) while Twenty-four rats were fe d highcontaining basal diet+5% tallow+1% cholesterol+ 0.02% bile salt to i nduce Hypercholesterolemia. These rats were reclassified into control (+ ve) (Co.(+)), three treated rat groups that were 4, 6 and 8 g /kg diet turmeric. The treatment period was designed for six weeks. Th e obtained results revealed that the total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), HDL -C and LDL-C were determined, in addition to serum glucose , liver and kidney function. The histopathological changes of the hear t, liver and kidney were evaluated. SPSS, one way ANOVA was used to analyze the results. The results indicated that dietary curcumin significant ly blocked the effect of HFD on the body-weight gain, the best value was in G (3), The best treatment was turmeric (6g and 8g) which had the lo west values of total cholesterol, TG and LDL-C, and the best values of H DL-C. Also, the best improvement in glucose level in G (3), results clea rly revealed that the best treatment was turmeric (8 g / Kg diet) which had th e lowest values of ALK, ALT and ALP. uric acid and urea gave a significant decrease in groups G2 and G3. The moderate and higher dose from turmeric gave normal histological structure in the heart, liver and kidn ey in Morphologic changes. In conclusion, results showed that turmeric had a s imilar potential to * Home Economic Department.Faculty of Specific Educat ion, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
Towards Sexual Education: Moroccan Youth’s Perception Between Globality and Islam

In this research, the nation-state forces certain archaic cultural forms and practices on the current youth population. This is a result of the lack of adequate communication between the state and the Moroccan youth. Thus, Morocco continues to press on teaching abstinence-only sex programs since 2005. This research attempts to Bridge the gap of communication through articulating Moroccan youth’s perceptions and their relation with globalization and religion. The first part of the Analysis argues that globalization shapes sexual education is received. The positive perception of sexual education is due to glocality since the individual youth identifies with the western culture he or she witnesses on media and the internet. This leads to an urge to experiencing sex outside of marriage. The negative perception of sexual education is due to grobality, yet this is a minority within the sample. In the second part, participants perceive Islam to be for sexual education. Then, there is a need for sexual safety especially since youth are already engaging in premarital intercourses. Sexual education would keep them away from STDs and pregnancies out of wedlock. Thus, the Moroccan youth’s perception favors sexual education and seeks to implement it as a means of dealing with premarital relationships.