Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
On Nearly Assumption-Free Tests of Nominal Confidence Interval Coverage for Causal Parameters Estimated by Machine Learning

For many causal effect parameters of interest, doubly robust machine learning (DRML) estimators ψ^1 are the state-of-the-art, incorporating the good prediction performance of machine learning; the decreased bias of doubly robust estimators; and the analytic tractability and bias reduction of sample splitting with cross-fitting. Nonetheless, even in the absence of confounding by unmeasured factors, the nominal (1−α) Wald confidence interval ψ^1±zα/2s.e. ˆ[ψ^1] may still undercover even in large samples, because the bias of ψ^1 may be of the same or even larger order than its standard error of order n−1/2. In this paper, we introduce essentially assumption-free tests that (i) can falsify the null hypothesis that the bias of ψ^1 is of smaller order than its standard error, (ii) can provide a upper confidence bound on the true coverage of the Wald interval, and (iii) are valid under the null under no smoothness/sparsity assumptions on the nuisance parameters. The tests, which we refer to as Assumption Free Empirical Coverage Tests (AFECTs), are based on a U-statistic that estimates part of the bias of ψ^1. Our claims need to be tempered in several important ways. First no test, including ours, of the null hypothesis that the ratio of the bias to its standard error is smaller than some threshold δ can be consistent [without additional assumptions (e.g., smoothness or sparsity) that may be incorrect]. Second, the above claims only apply to certain parameters in a particular class. For most of the others, our results are unavoidably less sharp. In particular, for these parameters, we cannot directly test whether the nominal Wald interval ψ^1±zα/2s.e. ˆ[ψ^1] undercovers. However, we can often test the validity of the smoothness and/or sparsity assumptions used by an analyst to justify a claim that the reported Wald interval’s actual coverage is no less than nominal. Third, in the main text, with the exception of the simulation study in Section 1, we assume we are in the semisupervised data setting (wherein there is a much larger dataset with information only on the covariates), allowing us to regard the covariance matrix of the covariates as known. In the simulation in Section 1, we consider the setting in which estimation of the covariance matrix is required. In the simulation, we used a data adaptive estimator which performs very well in our simulations, but the estimator’s theoretical sampling behavior remains unknown.
Local Development and Policies of Protectionism

Economic situation in the Central Europe is to a big extent influenced by the disparities between core regions (mostly the capitals) and the rest. If the gap between cores and peripheries is still widening, local governments of peripheral regions must come up with policies to protect their economies from the globalised world. This basic statement is examined in this work using two different methods: regionalised input-output analysis (for Czech regions) trying to discover structural differences between regions and its implications, and NEG equilibrium simulation method examining agglomeration forces in the Central Europe and evaluating possible outcomes of protective policies in terms of NTBs (limiting the openness). The results confirm the agglomeration tendencies and suggest mainly two ways of effective policies: regional specialisation and investments into infrastructure, which would lower the transaction costs within the peripheral regions. NEG simulation method has serious limits due to the problematic calibration. JEL Classification O11, O15, O18, R11, R12, R15
Effect of foliar application of some micronutrients and growth regulators on some Egyptian cotton cultivars

Two field experiments were carried out in Giza Experiment and Agriculture Research Station, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University in 2011 and 2012 seasons to study the response of Giza 90 and Giza 92 Cotton cultivars to foliar application of Gibberellic acid (GA3) at level of 100 ppm and/or Ascorbic acid at level of 500 ppm and spray a combined of each of iron, manganese and zinc each at concentration of 2g / liter with or without application (control). Spraying took place twice, at the beginning of the flowering stage and 15 days later. The results showed that. Cultivars varied significantly in each of plant height, No. of sympodial branches, No. of open bolls per plant, seed index, earliness and seed oil and protein percentage but did not vary significantly in boll weight, seed cotton yield/ feddan and lint percentage in both seasons. Fiber technology differ significantly in fiber length ,strength in both seasons and micronaire value in second seasons. Giza 92 was superior in all traits under study.Application of micronutrients and/or growth regulators particularly (micronutrients + GA3) significantly affected all traits under study such as, plant height. No. of open bolls per plant, seed index, seed cotton yield / feddan, lint percentage, earliness percentage, seed oil and protein percentage and fiber properties in both seasons. The interaction between cultivars and spraying treatments under study affected all characters under study whereas Giza 92 surpassed Giza 90 when received foliar application with micronutrients + GA3 100 ppm in all traits under study particularly no. of bolls/ plants, seed cotton yield/feddan, earliness, seed oil and protein percentage and as well the highest fiber length, strength and best reading in Micronaire reading averages in both seasons. Application of micronutrients and/or growth regulators especially (micronutrients + GA3) increased plant contents from macro and micronutrients (N, P, K, Ca, Fe, Zn and Mn), chlorophylls, carotenoides and also total sugars, total free amino acids and total soluble phenol (in leaf) in both seasons compared with the control treatment. Giza 92 was superior in all traits under study than Giza 90, in these respects.
The Effect of Tax Regulation Understanding, Justice Principles and Tax Sanction towards the Tax Payer Compliance

The objective of this research is to analyze and find out the effect of tax regulation understanding, justice principles and tax sanction towards the tax payer compliance. This research is done in UMKM located in Tanah Abang Market area. The data is collected by distributing questionnaires. Analysis method used in this research is the random sampling. This research has the population of 3.870 and is counted by the slovin formula that obtains 97.48 samples. However, the researcher has determined the sample to be 100 respondents. The result of this research shows that the tax regulation understanding and the justice principles do not have positive effects towards the tax payer’s compliance while the tax sanction had a positive effect towards the tax payer’s compliance.
Outcome of Open Reduction and Internal Fixation through Anterior Approach in Failed Closed Reduction of Supracondylar Humerus Fracture in Children

Supracondylar fractures are a common entity among the pediatric age group and have been managed conservatively as well as operatively in various setups. In tertiary care setups, however, delayed presentation or failed closed reduction has posed a considerable challenge. Literature is few for anterior approach as it is a relatively new technique, but the outcomes were found to be satisfactory; it is also a safe approach. The present institution based, longitudinal, prospective study included 43 patients with Gartland type II/III fracture, aged 4-12 years attending the Orthopedics department within 2 weeks of fracture. 2 attempts of closed reduction after manipulation had failed in all patients. Open reduction and internal fixation was performed with K-wire through anterior cubital approach. Mayo Elbow Performance Score was used to assess functional outcome at 6 weeks, 3months and 6 months. At 6 months of follow up 55.8% of patients had excellent functional outcome and 41.9% patients had good outcome. Anterior approach is thus a viable alternative that can be explored further in cases of delayed presentation and failed reduction of supracondylar fractures in the pediatric patients.
Antibiotic resistance pattern of bacteria isolated from outdoor patients in Dhaka city: a single center study

1 Bacterial infections are often found to cause morbidity and mortality around the globe. Indiscriminate use of antibiotic for treatment of such infections is reported to cause selective pressure and increase in drug resistance. Emergence of antibiotic resistance is a growing concern for people of all age having bacterial infections. It is important to determine the trend of antibiotic resistance patterns of pathogenic bacteria isolated from clinical samples for appropriate treatment of patients. A retrospective study was conducted on patient samples collected from 1 July 2018 to 15 March 2019. A total of 500 urine, 136 blood, 120 stool, 172 swab, 90 Sputum and 60 pus samples were randomly collected from both male and female patients of different age groups who reported to a diagnostic centre in Dhaka city. Pathogenic bacteria were isolated and identified from the collected samples following standard methods. Antibiotic sensitivity patterns of isolated bacteria were also determined by disc diffusion test. Proportion of UTI in female patients (71.67%) was found to be higher than the male (28.33%) patients and mostly caused by Escherichia coli (73.33%). Among Gram negative bacteria, E. coli (51%) was found to be predominant followed by Pseudomonas spp. (11.47%), Klebsiella (9.84%) and Salmonella Typhi (9.84%). Among Gram positive organism Staphylococcus aureus (9.0%), beta haemolytic streptococci (5.74%) and enterococci (3.28%) were found to be present. Among the tested antibiotics imipenem was found to be the most effective (93.02%) followed by gentamycin (76.03%) against all isolated bacteria. Amoxycillin was found to be least effective (21.29%) against all isolated bacteria. Increase in antibiotic resistance was possibly due to indiscriminate use of antibiotic for treatment of various infections. Prudent use of antimicrobial drugs will help reduce spread of resistant bacteria and complication of treatment of infected patients.
Dividend Policy Impact on Market Value of Quoted Commercial Banks in Nigeria (2004-2018)

Study of dividend policy and stock prices in the capital market has attracted considerable interest in corporate finance literature. Theoretical postulates and empirical evidence from country specific and cross-country studies are divided across lines, as some support the existence of a positive significant implication while others submit entirely negative and non-significant implication on the studied topic. Thus, this paper examines Nigerian context of dividend policy impact on market value of quoted commercial banks with study range of 2004-2018. The study is hinged on the theoretical postulates of dividend relevance theory and Efficient Market Hypothesis (EMH). The study employed model stability test and Error Correction Model (ECM) after determining the stationarity status of the time series data employed in the study, using ADF test, while Johansen Co-integration test was used to predict the existence of two long-run co-integrating relationships among variables. The empirical result reveals a significant dividend policy impact on market value of quoted commercial banks in Nigeria. The study therefore, recommends that Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN), Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) and the established Financial Regulatory council (FRC) to step up regulatory oversight functions to ensure transparency, business ethics and good corporate governance in the banking industry particularly quoted commercial banks in Nigeria, as this will help curtail the anxiety of investors and relatively reduce the practices of declaration of huge paper profits, insider trading, manipulation of stock prices and other nefarious acts.
Sustainable banking regulation: accounting for economic inequality

Prudential policies aiming for financial stability led to a significant growth of banking regulation in advanced economies in the past two decades. Concurrently, economic inequality continued rising in major advanced economies. Knowing that economic inequality may fuel financial crises, we explore how prudential policies regulating the banking sector affect social metrics of sustainability such as economic inequality. Our empirical analysis shows that prudential policies may alter the distribution of income and wealth. We disentangle possible transmission channels and put forward a central causal mechanism for this relationship. Finally, we argue that prudential policy evaluation processes need to account for unintended effects on economic inequality in a systematic way and by means of quantitative analytical methods.
Is Gender a Driver of Topic Choice? A Comparative Keyword Analysis of Political Cable News Interviews

Cable news networks have become an increasingly important source of political news in the United States. They wield considerable influence on public opinion, particularly in relation to current issues involving social roles and gender dynamics. This study offers insights into how the choice of topic in political cable news interviews may be influenced by the gender of participants. A corpus of 40 political cable news interviews was compiled and analyzed on the basis of various combinations of male and female interviewers and interviewees. Corpus software was implemented to extract keywords that were then grouped to identify prominent topics according to gender. Topics discussed exclusively among male participants were more issue oriented (i.e., immigration, healthcare, the economy, and gun control) as compared to those discussed exclusively among female participants that were more in social nature (i.e., personal matters, the Kavanaugh Supreme Court nomination, and tech giants in the context of social justice). Results showed that topics emerging from the female participants’ discourse were aligned with some widely held perceptions of women’s speech. At the same time, other features of the female participants’ speech appeared to be driven largely by their professional and institutional roles, and thus, not aligned with stereotypical perceptions. The findings have implications for the role of media and cable news in contemporary American society in avoiding the perpetration of gender-related topic bias.
Cognitive Control, Not Time, Determines the Status of Items in Working Memory

Despite the fact that multiple items can be held in working memory (WM), it is often the case that only one of these is relevant for guiding in-the-moment behavior. Therefore, understanding how priority is established and controlled in WM is an important problem. Data from Rose et al. (2016) have provided evidence that although neuroimaging evidence for an active trace of an “unprioritized memory item” (UMI) held in WM drops to baseline levels, evidence for its retention in WM can be “reactivated” by a single pulse of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). Critically, this TMS-reactivation effect was specific to the first delay period of a dual serial retrocue (DSR) task, when the UMI could be needed for the trial’s second memory probe, and was not observed during the second delay period, when the uncued item was no longer needed (i.e., when it is an “irrelevant memory item” [IMI]). A problem for the interpretation of these results, however, is that the status of the UMI/IMI was confounded with time spent in WM, as well as with the number of intervening cognitive operations. Here, we report data from a follow-up study designed to replicate the findings Rose et al. (2016) and to add a condition that unconfounds time-since-sample-presentation and UMI/IMI status. The results indicate that the TMS-reactivation effect is, indeed, an index of status in WM (UMI vs. IMI), and not a mere consequence of time elapsed since sample presentation.
Projected near-term changes of temperature extremes in Europe and China under different aerosol emissions

This study assesses near-term future changes in temperature extremes over China and Europe in scenarios with two very different anthropogenic aerosol (AA) pathways from 2016 to 2049: a maximum technically feasible aerosol reduction (MTFR), and a current legislation aerosol scenario (CLE), both with greenhouses gas forcing following RCP 4.5. Simulations with a fully coupled atmosphere-ocean model HadGEM3-GC2 show that there is an increase in hot extremes and a decrease in cold extremes relative to the present day (1995–2014) over China and Europe in both scenarios. However, the magnitude of the changes in both hot and cold extremes depends strongly on the AA pathway. The AA reduction in MTFR amplifies the changes in temperature extremes relative to CLE, and accounts for 40% and 30% of the projected changes in temperature extremes relative to present day over China and Europe, respectively. Thus, this study suggests that future and current policy decisions about AA emissions have the potential for a large near-term impact on temperature extremes.
Contribution of Visionary Leadership, Lecturer Performance, and Academic Culture to the Competitiveness of Islamic Higher Education in Indonesia

This research aims to describe visionary leadership, lecturer performance, and academic culture in improving the competitiveness of Islamic tertiary institutions in Indonesia. Quality and highly competitive education is a problem faced by the majority of educational institutions in Indonesia. Leadership is thought to be able to create performance and academic culture in achieving the vision and mission of the institution and be able to meet the expectations of the community and education stakeholders. In order to achieve these objectives properly, a quantitative research approach with survey design was used. The questionnaire that has been tested for validity and reliability is used as a tool in exploring the data needed in research. This research was conducted in several Islamic Higher Educations in Indonesia, with a population of 35,705 students. The questionnaire was filled by 1135 students who were sampled in this study with random sampling techniques. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and path analysis. The results showed that visionary leadership, lecturer performance, academic culture, had a significant contribution to the competitiveness of Islamic Higher Education in East Java. This finding has the implication that the better visionary leadership in higher education, the better the performance of lecturers and academic culture and institutional competitiveness. The better the performance of lecturers, the better the academic culture and competitiveness of the institution. This finding shows that visionary leadership is the key to success in improving the quality and competitiveness of educational institutions in the global era. Keyword: Visionary Leadership, Lecture Performance, Academic Culture, Competitiveness of Islamic Higher
Influence of Maternal Anthropometry on the Birthweight of the Newborn: A Hospital Based Prospective Study

Objective: The aim of the study is to determine the influence of maternal anthropometry on the birth weight of the newborn. Materials and Methods: The present study was undertaken at Dr. BR Ambedkar medical college and KC General Hospital Bangalore. Hundred and eight mothers who gave birth to uncomplicated singleton pregnancy, and their newborn were examined. Maternal anthropometry like height, weight, BMI, symphysis fundal height, abdominal circumference, upper mid arm circumference and neonatal parameters like birthweight, head, chest and abdominal circumference were recorded. Mothers were classified on the basis of BMI into 3 groups: Group I BMI 22.57, Group II BMI 22.57-26.52 and Group III BMI 26.52. Results: Mothers with a body mass index (Kg/m) of < 22.57 belonging to group I gave birth to male babies with a mean birth weight (in Kgs) of 2.59+0.14 or female babies weighing 2.38±0.40. Mothers with a body mass index (kg/m 2 ) of 22.57-26.52 belonging to group II gave birth to male babies with a mean birth weight (in kgs) of 3.40 ± 0.26 or female babies weighing 2.67+0.24. Mothers with a body mass index (Kg/m 2 ) of >26.52 belonging to group III gave birth to male babies with a mean birth weight (in Kgs) of 3.40±0.30 or female babies weighing 2.87±0.67. Conclusion: There was a statistically significant positive correlation between maternal body mass index with birth weight in Group I and Group II (P<0.05) However in Group III male and female babies were nonsignificant (P>0.05).
Investigations of the few-nucleon systems within the LENPIC project

Results presented in this contribution are obtained within the Low Energy Nuclear Physics International Collaboration (LENPIC). LENPIC aims to develop chiral nucleon-nucleon and many-nucleon interactions complete through at least the fourth order in the chiral expansion. These interactions will be used together with consistently derived current operators to solve the structure and reactions of light and medium-mass nuclei including electroweak processes. In this contribution the current status of the chiral nuclear forces and current operators will be briefly discussed. A special role played by the calculations of nucleon-deuteron scattering will be explained.
Sinonasal Disease

* See Last Page for Key Revised 2017 Kirsch Page 1 Reference Study Type Patients/ Events Study Objective (Purpose of Study) Study Results Study Quality 1. Blackwell DL, Lucas JW, Clarke TC. Summary health statistics for U.S. adults: national health interview survey, 2012. Vital Health Stat 10. 2014(260):1-161. Review/OtherDx 34,525 adults To present detailed tables from the 2012 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) for the civilian noninstitutionalized adult population, classified by sex, age, race and Hispanic origin, education, current employment status, family income, poverty status, health insurance coverage, marital status, and place and region of residence. In 2012, 61% of adults aged 18 and over had excellent or very good health. 11% of adults had been told by a doctor or other health professional that they had heart disease, 24% had been told on 2 or more visits that they had hypertension, 9% had been told that they had diabetes, and 21% had been told that they had some form of arthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, gout, lupus, or fibromyalgia. 18% of adults were current smokers and 21% were former smokers. Based on estimates of body mass index, 35% of adults were overweight and 28% were obese. 4
Movement is part of the meaning of music notation: A musical Stroop effect for trombonists

Does seeing music notation activate the motor systems of expert musicians in preparation for playing, even when they do not have an instrument to play? Trombonists, non-trombonist musicians, and non-musicians were asked to indicate whether the second note of a visually presented two-note sequence was higher or lower than the first note. Participants responded by moving a joystick forward for “higher” and backward for “lower” or by pressing a button in the top or bottom row, respectively, of a computer keyboard. We examined response time as a function of whether the direction of movement required by the task was the same (congruent) or different (incongruent) from the direction of movement of a trombone slide when playing the same notes on the trombone. For trombonists, responses were faster for congruent than for incongruent trials for the joystick, but not for the keyboard. There was no effect of congruency for non-trombonists for joystick or keyboard responses. The trombone congruency effect is a new kind of musical Stroop effect. Learning to play a musical instrument links the motor and perceptual systems so that seeing musical notes automatically primes playing them.