Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Availability of Fish Species and Socio-economic Conditions of Fish Sellers at the Selected Fish Markets in Gazipur Sadar Upazila, Bangladesh

A survey-based study was conducted to explore the availability of fish species and the socio-economic conditions of fish sellers at the selected fish markets in Gazipur Sadar upazila. Data were collected from four fish markets namely Shimultoli, Salna, Joydebpur, and Chowrasta fish market. A total of 40 fish sellers, 10 from each fish market were interviewed at the fish market. To understand the pricing dynamics and variety of fish in each market, structured questionnaires were used to collect information on the availability of different fish species, their sizes, and prices per kilogram. In addition, the survey looked into the socio-economic backgrounds of fish sellers, including age, marriage status, income, family size, access to financial services, housing conditions, water sources, electricity supply, and medical facilities. A total of 45 fish species of both freshwater and marine water and 15 species of dried fish species were available in these markets. Not only the prices of fishes varied from species to species, but also from market to market. Almost all the fish sellers were male and married (88%). Among the fish sellers, both joint and nuclear families were present. Monthly income of the fish sellers was between BDT 15,000 and 40,000. 73% of the fish sellers had tin shed house, 97% had well sanitary system, 98% drank tube well water, 97% had electricity facility and 78% had medical facilities. Only 36% of the fish sellers had bank accounts. However, the fish sellers faced some problems such as lack of awareness, lack of credit support etc. Therefore, more technical and financial support are needed for ensuring their socio-economic advancement.
Long-term, low-dose exposure of people residing in arsenic affected areas of Iowa: A cross-sectional analytical study

Arsenic contamination in the ground water source is a major problem throughout the world. Epidemiological studies show that long-term arsenic exposure in drinking water, even at low concentrations, can lead to chronic toxicity problems and negative health outcomes. In the United States, private wells are not mandated to comply with the drinking water standards that piped water is, putting many people at risk. This study focused on monitoring of arsenic contamination of private well water, hair samples, and questionnaire based surveys. Of the 260 private well owners selected from 13 counties in Iowa who were invited to participate in the study, 50 agreed to participate in the research. Analysis showed that 58% of the water samples tested positive for arsenic and 12% had arsenic concentrations more than the federal drinking water standard of 0.01 mg/L. The mean water arsenic concentration was 0.007 + 0.001 mg/L (range, 0.0010.027 mg/L). The hair arsenic analysis showed that 14% of the hair samples exceeded the normal arsenic range (0.08 to 0.25 mg/kg). The mean hair arsenic concentration was 0.108 + 0.024 mg/kg (range, 0 0.54 mg/kg). The bivariate analysis between hair arsenic and water arsenic concentration showed a positive correlation (R-square = 0.25, p = 0.0047). The result showed that the hair arsenic content was higher among the participants who consumed water contaminated with arsenic more than 0.01mg/L arsenic (p = 0.02). The result also found that 76% of participants did not know about arsenic, indicating that an awareness program should be provided to them about the toxicological effects of arsenic. The hair and water arsenic concentrations were correlated with different health parameters and a statistically significant correlation was found between
Health Benefits of Bread Fortification: A Systematic Review of Clinical Trials according to the PRISMA Statement

Bread is among the most common foods for the world’s population. Therefore, it can be fortified to eliminate deficiencies of nutrients or be a carrier of other substances with a nutritional or physiological effect, bringing health benefits to its consumers, thus impacting sustainable health. This systematic review aimed to analyze clinical studies on the effects of bread fortification on human health. The study followed the PRISMA guidelines for transparency and utilized databases Scopus, Embase, PubMed, and Web of Science to search clinical trials focused on the effects of bread fortification on human health over the entire last decade. The methodological quality of selected studies was assessed using the Jadad scale. As a result, twenty-six studies meet the inclusion criteria. Clinical trials have shown health benefits from consuming bread fortified with vitamins (B9, C, D2, D3), minerals (K, P, Ca, Mg, Fe, Zn, Cr, Se), fiber, proteins, and polyphenolic compounds. Conclusions reveal that mandatory fortification aligns with the sustainable development goals. Thus, collaborative partnerships are essential for successful implementation and accessibility, fostering public health advances and progress developing into sustainable health.
Boron metasomatism in the Brabant Massif (Belgium): Geochemical and petrographical evidence of Devonian tourmalinite pebbles

Abstract New petrographical and geochemical evidence of tourmalinite pebbles from two Lower and three Middle Devonian formations from Belgium is presented. Petrography, REE, transition metal and microprobe data of the studied rocks suggest it are (meta)sediment-derived tourmalinites formed by boron metasomatism (and hydrothermal brecciation) in an intrusive setting. Tourmaline mineralizations within eastern Avalonia are known in south-east Ireland, the English Lake District and East Anglia. Based on previously suggested relations between Early Palaeozoic igneous activity in last two mentioned regions and the Brabant Massif, it is presumed that the Brabant Massif also underwent granite-related tourmalinization and that this was the source of the studied pebbles. Petrologie differences between pebbles found in Middle Devonian formations and pebbles from Lower Devonian formations, suggest that fluid circulation occurred on a regional scale, possibly extending into the Stavelot massif.
Shifting baselines in coastal ecosystem service provision

Coastal ecosystems provide vital suites of ecosystem services: food security, livelihoods, recreation, at global (e.g. climate regulation), regional (e.g. commercial fisheries) and local scales (e.g. recreation). The composition of these suites of services has clearly changed over time, as ecosystems have responded to natural and anthropogenic changes. Exploitation of these coastal ecosystems goes back centuries and many systems today are under stress from multiple sources including overfishing, pollution and climate change. Management strategies and policies are now focused on reversing these kinds of adverse effects and on restoring systems back to their ‘natural’ state. However, many of the changes that have occurred predate environmental surveys. It is difficult to set reference points and to define management policies when baselines on how ‘natural’ the system are constantly shifting. These shifting baselines mean that what we consider to be a ‘healthy’ ecosystem, with ‘optimal’ levels of Ecosystem Service provision, often lack historical context. A historical approach provides one means to parameterise such relationships. In this study I use the Yorkshire Coast of the North Sea as a case study to understand the links between drivers of change, ecosystem and the services they have provided over time. In this thesis, findings from interviews with stakeholders and from modelling long term data suggest that use of such historical data sources gives new insight into socio-ecological changes that occurs over time. It showed that there are shifting baselines and trade-offs in ecosystem services which can feed into management of future ecosystem services. It highlighted how fishermen’s perspective on changes in species and ecosystem match scientific survey data for some species, but there are shifting baselines in perceived changes. Findings on role of biodiversity in cultural ecosystem service show that it serves more of a supporting role as part of the wider seascape, rather than as recreational value related to specific aspects of biodiversity.
Integrated Immunopeptidomic and Proteomic Analysis of COVID-19 lung biopsies

Introduction Severe respiratory illness is the most prominent manifestation of patients infected with SARS-CoV-2, and yet the molecular mechanisms underlying severe lung disease in COVID-19 affected patients still require elucidation. Human leukocyte antigen class I (HLA-I) expression is crucial for antigen presentation and the host’s response to SARS-CoV-2. Methods To gain insights into the immune response and molecular pathways involved in severe lung disease, we performed immunopeptidomic and proteomic analyses of lung tissues recovered at four COVID-19 autopsy and six non-COVID-19 transplants. Results We found signals of tissue injury and regeneration in lung fibroblast and alveolar type I/II cells, resulting in the production of highly immunogenic self-antigens within the lungs of COVID-19 patients. We also identified immune activation of the M2c macrophage as the primary source of HLA-I presentation and immunogenicity in this context. Additionally, we identified 28 lung signatures that can serve as early plasma markers for predicting infection and severe COVID-19 disease. These protein signatures were predominantly expressed in macrophages and epithelial cells and were associated with complement and coagulation cascades. Discussion Our findings emphasize the significant role of macrophage-mediated immunity in the development of severe lung disease in COVID-19 patients.
In silico Analysis of Dreb2a Gene among Diploid Oryza Species Reveal Gene Retrogression in Cultivated Species

The dehydration-responsive element-binding (DREB) genes are types of plant-specific transcription factors that bind to DRE/CRT elements in response to abiotic stresses. It belongs to the AP2 superfamily and contains highly conserved APETELA2 (AP2) domain. In this study, comparative analysis of DREB2A gene from diploid Oryza species was performed using BLASTN approach. The OglDREB2A sequence (KU159742.1) was used as query against 11 diploid Oryza species in the Gramene database for identification of DREB2A orthologs. Molecular characterization, subcellular localization, conserved motifs and promoter analysis were also performed using bioinformatics tools. Molecular characterization of DREB2A protein in the diploid Oryza showed an AP2 conserved domain and nuclear localized protein which is similar to putative transcription factor involved in stress responses. Motif analysis using MEME suites identified 7 significant motifs across all the diploid Oryza species with motif 2, 3, 4 and 5 as the common motifs with ~50 amino acids length. Analysis of 1kb upstream of TSS of DREB2A of the 11 diploid Oryza species revealed many CAREs associated with stress (DRE, LTRE, ERE, G-box, TCC-motif and Sp1) and hormonal regulations (ABREs, MeJA, GARE, and GC-motif) with ABRE as the common element in all the diploid species. Additionally, wild species has more number of cis elements than the cultivated species suggesting a possible role in genome evolution. Overall, the 11 DREB2A orthologs are conserved in terms of sequence homology and protein structure but cultivated species has less number of transcripts than their progenitors suggesting gene retrogression in cultivated Oryza species.
Physiological adaptation and fruit quality of Fragaria ×ananassa under different deficit irrigation strategies and salt treatments

In this study we investigated the effect of full irrigation (FI), deficit irrigation (DI) and partial rootzone drying (PRD) on pot-grown Fragaria ×ananassa ‘Honeoye’ plants in a greenhouse experiment. Net CO2 assimilation (An), stomatal conductance (gs) and leaf transpiration (E) were measured during the irrigation treatments from which intrinsic water uses efficiency (WUEintrinsic ) and instantaneous water use efficiency (WUEinstantaneous) were calculated. The effect of irrigation treatments on the accumulated diurnal evapotranspiration, maximal evapotranspiration rate and the stable carbon isotope composition (δ 13 C) in leaves were also determined. The results showed that FI plants had a significantly higher accumulated diurnal evapotranspiration and maximal evapotranspiration rate than DI and PRD plants. In addition the PRD plants had a significantly lower accumulated diurnal evapotranspiration compared to DI, when the average midday water vapour pressure deficit (VPD) was higher than 1.55 kPa. WUEintrinsic and WUEinstantaneous decreased in response to increasing gs, but the irrigation treatments did not result in significant differences in these two variables. On one of the four measuring days, the PRD plants had a significantly higher δ 13 C compared to the FI plants and from day 13, δ 13 C of the FI leaves tended to be lower than DI and PRD. It is concluded that plant water use was controlled by both the irrigation treatments and atmospheric VPD. With a similar level of water deficit in the soil, high VPD resulted in less plant water use in the PRD than in the DI plants.
Carbon/Nitrogen Ratio Estimation for Urban Organic Waste Using Convolutional Neural Networks

In this paper, the Carbon/Nitrogen ratio was estimated by classifying the urban organic waste (UOW) based on qualitative (color and maturity) and quantitative (weight) characteristics via convolutional neural networks (CNN) and image processing. The reuse of UOW is a suitable process in waste management, preventing its disposition in landfills and reducing the effects on the environment and human health. Ambient conditions affect the UOW characteristics over time. Knowing these changes is essential to reuse them appropriately, mainly both carbon and nitrogen content. A categorization associated with the decomposition stage of the UOW was proposed, which becomes the corresponding UOW classes. Three convolutional neural network models were trained with UOW images. Two pre-trained CNN (MobileNet and VGG16) were trained by transfer learning technique, and one proposed model (UOWNet) was trained from scratch. The UOWNet model presented a good agreement for the classification task. The results show that this preprocess is a practical tool for assessing the Carbon/Nitrogen ratio of UOW from its qualitative and quantitative features through image analysis. It is a preliminary framework aimed to support household organic waste recycling and community sustainability.
A life prediction method of rolling bearing based on signal reconstruction and fusion dual channel network

In addressing the problem of low prediction accuracy in the remaining useful life (RUL) prediction of rolling bearings, caused by noise interference and insufficient extraction of sensitive features by deep learning models, this paper presents a life prediction method based on signal reconstruction and dual-channel network fusion. First, addressing the issue of extracting weak features from rolling bearing vibration signals, an optimized combination of variational mode decomposition (VMD) and Teager–Kaiser energy operator (TKEO) for signal reconstruction is proposed. TKEO is used to track the energy of high-frequency impulses in the original signal. The sparrow search algorithm is employed for optimizing VMD to perform high-frequency filtering, resulting in an optimized impulse energy signal. This signal is then multiplied with the original signal to enhance weak impulse features under noisy background. Next, a dual-channel network model for RUL prediction is constructed based on temporal convolutional network (TCN) and convolutional neural networks (CNNs). The one-dimensional time-series signal obtained after reconstruction and denoising serves as the input for the TCN network channel. Simultaneously, the signal obtained after reconstruction and denoising undergoes synchrosqueezed wavelet transforms to generate a two-dimensional time–frequency representation as input for the CNN network channel. This setup allows TCN and CNN to respectively extract temporal features from the vibration signal and time–frequency features from the spectrogram. By incorporating self-attention mechanisms, internal correlations between different features are fully explored, thereby enhancing prediction accuracy.
Evaluation of at-home bleaching protocol with application on different surfaces: bleaching efficacy and hydrogen peroxide permeability

Objectives This study aimed to evaluate the bleaching efficacy and hydrogen peroxide permeability in the pulp chamber by the at-home bleaching gel in protocols applied on different dental surfaces. Materials and Methods Forty premolars were randomly into 4 groups: control group no bleaching, only application on the buccal surface (OB), only application on the lingual surface (OL) and application in buccal and lingual surfaces, simultaneously (BL). At-home bleaching gel (White Class 7.5%) was used for the procedure. The bleaching efficacy was evaluated with a digital spectrophotometer (color change in CIELAB [ΔE ab] and CIEDE 2000 [ΔE 00] systems and Whitening Index for Dentistry [ΔWID]). The hydrogen peroxide permeability in the pulp chamber (µg/mL) was assessed using UV-Vis spectrophotometry and data were analyzed for a 1-way analysis of variance and Tukey’s test (α = 0.05). Results All groups submitted to bleaching procedure showed bleaching efficacy when measured with ΔE ab and ΔE 00 (p > 0.05). Therefore, when analyzed by ΔWID, a higher bleaching efficacy were observed for the application on the groups OB and BL (p = 0.00003). Similar hydrogen peroxide permeability was found in the pulp chambers of the teeth undergoing different protocols (p > 0.05). Conclusions The application of bleaching gel exclusively on the OB is sufficient to achieve bleaching efficacy, when compared to BL. Although the OL protocol demonstrated lower bleaching efficacy based on the ΔWID values, it may still be of interest and relevant in certain clinical scenarios based on individual needs, requiring clinical trials to better understand its specificities.
Transcriptional and metabolomic responses of Methylococcus capsulatus Bath to nitrogen source and temperature downshift

Methanotrophs play a significant role in methane oxidation, because they are the only biological methane sink present in nature. The methane monooxygenase enzyme oxidizes methane or ammonia into methanol or hydroxylamine, respectively. While much is known about central carbon metabolism in methanotrophs, far less is known about nitrogen metabolism. In this study, we investigated how Methylococcus capsulatus Bath, a methane-oxidizing bacterium, responds to nitrogen source and temperature. Batch culture experiments were conducted using nitrate or ammonium as nitrogen sources at both 37°C and 42°C. While growth rates with nitrate and ammonium were comparable at 42°C, a significant growth advantage was observed with ammonium at 37°C. Utilization of nitrate was higher at 42°C than at 37°C, especially in the first 24 h. Use of ammonium remained constant between 42°C and 37°C; however, nitrite buildup and conversion to ammonia were found to be temperature-dependent processes. We performed RNA-seq to understand the underlying molecular mechanisms, and the results revealed complex transcriptional changes in response to varying conditions. Different gene expression patterns connected to respiration, nitrate and ammonia metabolism, methane oxidation, and amino acid biosynthesis were identified using gene ontology analysis. Notably, key pathways with variable expression profiles included oxidative phosphorylation and methane and methanol oxidation. Additionally, there were transcription levels that varied for genes related to nitrogen metabolism, particularly for ammonia oxidation, nitrate reduction, and transporters. Quantitative PCR was used to validate these transcriptional changes. Analyses of intracellular metabolites revealed changes in fatty acids, amino acids, central carbon intermediates, and nitrogen bases in response to various nitrogen sources and temperatures. Overall, our results offer improved understanding of the intricate interactions between nitrogen availability, temperature, and gene expression in M. capsulatus Bath. This study enhances our understanding of microbial adaptation strategies, offering potential applications in biotechnological and environmental contexts.
Choroidal thickness in relation to diopter and axial length among myopic children

Purpose The aim of this study was to analyze the relationship between diopter (D) and choroidal thickness in myopic children by describing the values of choroidal thickness, and explore choroidal thickness as an important indicator for evaluating the progression of myopia. Methods The study included myopic and emmetropic children aged 6–14 years (156 eyes) from the Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University. The participants were divided into four groups according to the spherical equivalent refraction (SER): low myopes, moderate myopes, high myopes, and emmetropes. Choroidal thickness was measured in nine areas using the Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) grid layout, which divided the areas into concentric circles of 0 × 0 mm, 3 × 3 mm, and 5 × 5 mm from the Sub Fovea. The images were obtained manually with spectral-domain optical coherence tomography scanner. Results There were significant differences of choroidal thickness in the nine areas of the ETDRS grid for all myopes. The distribution of choroidal thickness in low and moderate myopes were different from that in high myopes. In the horizontal direction, choroidal thickness decreased from the temporal to nasal areas for all myopes. In the vertical direction, the choroidal thickness in the perifovea was smaller than that in the parafovea (SER ≥ −2.75D), and the choroidal thickness in the perifovea was greater than that in the parafovea (SER < −2.75D). When comparing emmetropes with myopes, the closer the choroidal thickness was to the central fovea, the more significant the differences were, while the differences were smaller to the perifovea. Among all children, choroidal thickness was positive to SER and negative to axial length (AL) in all areas. For every 1D increase in myopia, the subfoveal choroidal thickness decreased by 13 μm, and for every 1 mm increase in AL, the subfoveal choroidal thickness decreased by 23 μm. Furthermore, SER and AL showed the strongest correlation with choroidal thickness in the inferior area. Conclusion Optical coherence tomography results revealed choroidal thickness was thinner in myopic children. Choroidal thickness was positive to SER and negative to AL. Therefore, we consider choroidal thickness to be an important indicator for evaluating the myopia progress.
Estimation of Damage Areas due to the 2010 Maule, Chile Earthquake Tsunami Using ASTER/DEM and ALOS/PALSAR Images

Summary We propose using satellite remote sensing technology with a modified damage detection model based on the regression discriminant function for severe building damage ratios as a method to quickly estimate damaged areas due to tsunamis anywhere in the world. The model was developed using a data set from JERS-1/SAR images of the aftermath of the 1995 Kobe earthquake and its detailed ground-truth data, and was applied to ALOS/PALSAR images acquired before and after the 2010 Maule, Chile earthquake tsunami. The modified model considers the backscattering characteristics of tsunami-damaged buildings and scattered debris in the affected areas and the ground elevation as measured by Terra/ASTER stereoscopic observations. The accuracy of the proposed damage estimation model is examined by comparing it with the results of field survey data and interpretation of high-resolution satellite optical images taken after the event.