Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Atmosphere‐Ocean Coupling on the Sensitivity of the ITCZ to Convective Mixing

The Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) is a discontinuous, zonal precipitation band that plays a crucial role in the global hydrological cycle. Previous studies using prescribed sea surface temperature (SST) aquaplanets show the ITCZ is sensitive to convective mixing, but such a framework is energetically inconsistent. Studies also show that atmosphere‐ocean coupling reduces the sensitivity of the ITCZ to hemispherically asymmetric forcing. We investigate the effect of atmosphere‐ocean coupling on the sensitivity of the ITCZ to convective mixing using an idealized modeling framework with an Ekman‐driven ocean energy transport (OET). Coupling reduces the sensitivity of the ITCZ location to convective mixing due to SST changes. In prescribed‐SST simulations reducing convective mixing promotes a double ITCZ, while in coupled simulations, it increases the meridional SST gradient which promotes an equatorward ITCZ shift. Prescribing OET in additional experiments has a minimal effect on the sensitivity of the ITCZ location to mixing but does increase the sensitivity of the ITCZ intensity by constraining the net‐downward surface energy flux. Decreasing convective mixing increases net‐downward shortwave cloudy‐sky radiation associated with increased latent heat fluxes and an intensified ITCZ. For simulations analyzed the atmospheric energy input framework is inadequate to study ITCZ dynamics due to the contribution of transient eddies to the atmospheric energy transport. Prescribing SST or OET may strengthen the sensitivity of the ITCZ to a change in parameterization or atmospheric forcing. Future modeling studies investigating the precipitation response to such changes should be aware of the potential sensitivity of their results to atmosphere‐ocean interactions.
Network Stretching, Slip Processes, and Fragmentation of Crystallites during Uniaxial Drawing of Polyethylene and Related Copolymers. A Comparative Study

When polyethylene (PE) is deformed to large strains, the stress originates from both the viscous forces associated with the plastic deformation of the crystallites by slip and fragmentation processes and the entropic elastic forces arising from the stretching of the entangled amorphous regions. Relative weights of the different processes change with the crystallinity. The dependencies were analyzed in a comprehensive study on a series of samples encompassing a large range of crystallinities: PE, low-density PE (LDPE), and ethylene−vinylacetate copolymers. The comparison was based on measured true stress−strain curves for constant strain rates. For the samples with higher crystallinity, which show a necking, this was achieved by employing a video-controlled tensile testing machine. Recovery properties of the sample were studied in step-cycle runs, where the load was applied stepwise and interrupted after each step by an unloading−reloading loop. Simultaneous with the mechanical testing, the related textur.
Contribution of Terpenes to Ozone Formation and Secondary Organic Aerosols in a Subtropical Forest Impacted by Urban Pollution

The highly reactive nature of biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) impacts the biosphere by acting as a precursor of ozone and aerosols that influence air quality and climate. Here, we assess the influence of BVOCs and their oxidation products on ozone formation and to submicron secondary organic aerosol (SOA) mass in a subtropical forest. A high-resolution proton-transfer-reaction time-of-flight mass spectrometer (PTR-ToF-MS) was employed for the continuous measurement of VOCs. Isoprene, monoterpene, and sesquiterpene mixing ratios in the forest were 0.23, 0.22, and 0.03 ppb, respectively. The total ozone formation potential (OFP) of the terpenes was 12.8 μg m−3, which accounted for only 5.6% of the total OFP. Particle phase bound oxidation products were characterized using a thermal-desorption PTR-ToF-MS. Mass spectra analysis revealed the presence pinonaldehyde, pinonic, norpinonic, and pinic acid in both gas and particle phase. The overall daytime (nighttime) mixing ratio of the oxidized BVOCs in gas phases was 0.062(0.023) ppbv. On the other hand, the mean fraction of the four monoterpene oxidation products in condensed phase was estimated at 42%. Overall, the results of this study evidenced quantitatively the contribution of BVOCs to the total reactivity and SOA mass in the subtropical forest.
Business Diversification and Financial Supply Chain Efficiency of Companies Listed on Ho Chi Minh City Stock Exchange

Abstract — This research evaluate the impact of business diversification of companies listed on HoSe from 2013 to 2017, the research has used balance panel data form of 145 listed enterprises. Business diversification is measured according to the Entropy index, measured by turnover in the Grade 2 subdivision and Level 4 subdivision according to Vietnam's industry standard. The results of the study showed that diversification would generally help improve financial efficiency, however, for those enterprises focusing on diversification outside the industry will reduce financial efficiency. In addition, the results of the study also showed that businesses increasing financial leverage for the purpose of expanding the left-sector business will be unstable, those businesses scaling up to strengthen the true diversification of businesses with experience will help increase their financial efficiency.
High neural precursor cell-expressed developmentally down-regulated 9 expression is a poor prognostic indicator for osteosarcoma

Background This study detected neural precursor cell-expressed developmentally down-regulated 9 (NEDD9) expression in osteosarcoma tissue samples. It also examined the association between NEDD9 expression and clinicopathological features of osteosarcoma. Methods The prognostic value of NEDD9 has been verified in multiple solid cancers, but not osteosarcoma. In this study, 45 osteosarcoma paraffin-embedded specimens were accumulated and applied based on immunohistochemistry to identify NEDD9 expression. A correlation linking NEDD9 expression, clinicopathological qualities, and its prognostic significance was assessed to verify whether NEDD9 could be a poor prognosis biomarker. Results High NEDD9 expression compared to its low expression in osteosarcoma tissue was shown in the immunohistochemical assay. The percentage of high and low NEDD9 expression was 62.2% and 37.8% respectively. NEDD9 expression level was significantly associated with metastasis and Enneking stage (P<0.05), while gender, age, tumor size, sites, and histopathological types were not. Univariate analysis showed that metastasis with a hazard ratio (HR) of 2.63 (P=0.003), Enneking stage III (HR =5.44, P=0.009), chondroblastic osteosarcoma (HR =2.59, P=0.014), and high NEDD9 expression (HR =2.79, P=0.002) were prognostic factors contributing to poor overall survival (OS). Moreover, multivariate analysis revealed that nonconventional pathological osteosarcoma (HR =0.17, P=0.010) and NEDD9 expression (HR =6.03, P<0.001) were independent prognostic factors. Conclusions High NEDD9 expression in osteosarcoma independently indicated poor clinical prognosis, indicating the possibility that NEDD9 could be a therapeutic target for osteosarcoma.
Strategi Peningkatan Daya Saing UMKM Di Kabupaten Sumenep Melalui E-COMMERCE

Perkembangan teknologi informasi ini terus mengalami perkembangan yang sangat luar biasa. Istilah teknologi informasi (Information Technology) atau yang biasa disebut dengan IT, merupakan istilah yang umum dalam menggambarkan semua teknologi yang memudahkan manusia dalam menciptakan, merubah, menyimpan, mengkomunikasikan atau bahkan menyerbarluarkan informasi kepada orang lain. Walaupun perkembangan teknologi informasi semakin maju, namun sebagian besar UMKM yang ada belum memanfaatkan dengan optimal aplikasi e-commerce. tujuan khusus untuk merumuskan strategi-strategi yang perlu digunakan.Penelitian ini menggunakan deskriptif kualitatif dengan menggunakan analisis SWOT. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa perlunya strategi dalam meningkatkan daya saing UMKM yang ada di Kabupaten Sumenep. strategi yang harus digunakan dalam peningkatan daya saing adalah membangun kedekatan yang baik dengan pelanggan untuk menghindari penipuan dan kecurangan serta meningkatkan inovasi produk untuk menghindari palgiator dengan memperhatikan efisiensi biaya dalam meningkatkan penghasilan.
Improved Cooking Methods for Dry Beans and their Effects on Quality of Cooked Products

Soybeans ans black-eyed peas, chosen as test samples of dry beans, were subjected to soaking and cooking treatments to develop quick cookig methods and study their effects on quality of cooked products. The results of the study are summarized as follow: 1. Of the soaking methods tested, soaking soybeans in 3% sodium bicarbonate (SBC) solution and black-eyed peas in 0.5-1% SBC solution followed by cooking them in water at required 40 minutes and 10 minutes of cooking time, respectively. When compared to 180 minutes of cooking time for soybeans and 40 minutes of that for black-eyed peas by conventional cooking method (Control), soaking dry beans in optimum SBC solutions reduced cooking time by over 80%. 2. Among cooking methods tested, steam cooking at was the most effective one in reducing cooking time of soybeans (15 min.). Black-eyed peas sacked in water required 6 minutes of cooking time in 1% SBC solution at , and 5 minutes of that in steam at . 3. Quality of cooked beans with optimum texture was evaluated by sensory panel and Gardner Color Difference Meter. Beans cooked in steam at had better overall quality than those cooked by other methods. Beans soaked in optimum SBC solution had quality as good as control, whereas beans cooked in SBC solution had worse quality than control. 4. These results indicated that cooking time of soybeans could be drastically reduced by either steam cooking at or soaking in 3% SBC solution followed by cooking in water at . Cooking time of black-eyed peas could be significantly shortened by either steam cooking at or soaking in 0.5-1% SBC solution followed by cooking in water at .
Novel extracts from Callyspongia siphonella and Negombata magnifica sponges from the Red Sea, induced antiproliferative and proapoptotic activity in HepG-2, MCF-7, and Caco-2 cancer cell lines

Cancer is a group of diseases associated with abnormal cell growth with potentiality to invade or spread to other parts of the body (Rady et al., 2018). It is considered as one of the major ailments threatening the humankind (Rady et al., 2018a). The current available cancer statistics are indicating that the number of new cancer patients has been reached over 10 million cases associated with over 6 million deaths representing roughly 12% of worldwide mortality (Rady et al., 2017, 2018a). Moreover, over 20 million new cancer cases are anticipated to be diagnosed in the year 2025 (Zugazagoitia et al., 2016; Rady et al., 2017) and potentially will be increased to 21.7 million with about 13 million cancer deaths by the year 2030 (Torre et al., 2015; Rady et ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Article History: Received: Sept. 21, 2020 Accepted: Oct. 24, 2020 Online: Nov. 1, 2020 _______________
Between rule-makers and rule-takers: policy change as the interaction of design, compliance and feedback

ABSTRACT How do policies change? The article argues that dominant public policy theories overemphasize the stage of adoption of new policies and disregard the discrepancies that often take place between formal and substantive change. But can we really speak of change if formal changes do not trigger change in actors’ behaviour? And how can policy-makers achieve substantive change? Building on the comparative political economy literature, the article conceptualizes policy change as the interaction between rule-makers and rule-takers. It is argued that (i) rule-makers can use policy design strategically to minimize reliance on non-compliant rule-takers and (ii) the scope for rule-makers to side-line non-compliant rule-takers is greater if non-compliant behaviour produces negative policy feedback. Systematic process analysis of reform of German higher education over two decades lends support to the proposed approach.
Theoretical and experimental study of vapor deposition onto a dressed body part

When air-permeable clothing is worn, vapor will penetrate to the inside of the clothing. The vapor can deposit onto the skin, thus, forming a potential health threat. In a previous article a model was presented, which describes the airflow around body parts, covered with clothing. This airflow profile is used to calculate the vapor deposition onto the skin. A test setup was developed to validate the deposition model. Cylinders are used as a representative for human body parts. They are covered by a layer of protective clothing and exposed to vapor of methylsalicylate. The amount of vapor which deposites onto the surface of the cylinder is determined by using charcoal cloth. The influence of the clothing air permeability, the wind speed, the diameter of the cylinder, and the distance between clothing and cylinder surface was investigated. The experimental results show reasonable to good agreement with the model. © 2008 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2008
Simulation and Observation of the Step Bunching Process Grown on GaAs (001) Vicinal Surface by Metalorganic Vapor Phase Epitaxy

The step bunching processes on GaAs (001) vicinal surfaces grown by metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy (MOVPE) are investigated by experiment and the simulation method. In the early stage of the growth, the step bunching height and the terrace widths increase linearly and saturate with increasing layer thickness. The step bunching height and the terrace widths are estimated by the Monte Carlo simulation. From the fitting of the simulated step bunching process to that process of the experiment, the activation energy of the up-side and down-side step sites compared with that of the terrace sites are obtained. Furthermore, the terrace width saturation mechanism is clarified.
Evaluation of accuracy of transvaginal ultrasound in lower uterine segment caesarean scar integrity and histomorphometric analysis of scar tissue: a prospective study

Lower segment caesarean section (LSCS) one of the common methods of delivery. There is a formation caesarean scar. The uterine scar heals by regeneration of the muscular fibres and not by the development of scar tissue. They may be visible as a vertical furrow in the external and internal surface of the anterior uterine wall. In the other hand Schwartz et al study explained that the healing was mainly by fibroblast proliferation, they studied that uterine incision site some days after the caesarean section and observed that as the scar shrinks, connective tissue proliferation become less obvious. If the cut surface of uterus is closely apposed, the proliferation of connective tissue is minimal and the normal relation of smooth muscle to connective tissue gradually is re-established. Risk of uterine rupture would be increased if the hysterotomy scar did not have sufficient time to heal. Studies of uterine scar healing using magnetic resonance imaging suggest that complete uterine involution and restoration of anatomy require at least 6 months. It was observed that scar formation may be affected by lesser blood supply, formation of haematoma, improper surgical procedure, infection and anemia. Poeidivin et al recommends that technique for repair of LSCS incision. Identify the wound edges soon ABSTRACT
X-ray powder diffraction refinement of PbTi(1−x)Fe x O(3−δ) solid solution series

A series of iron-doped lead titanate PbTi(1−x)Fe x O(3−δ) samples in the x = 0–1 composition range was prepared using sol–gel synthesis at a calcination temperature of 700 °C. The room temperature CuKα powder diffraction data collected from x = 0, 0.005, 0.01, 0.025, 0.05, 0.075, 0.1, 0.125, 0.15, 0.175, 0.2, and 0.3 samples were analyzed using the Rietveld method. Magnetoplumbite (PbFe12O19) secondary phase formation was observed at compositions x = 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, 0.8, 0.9, and 1. Fe-composition dependent decrease of tetragonal distortion has been observed. According to Vegard's law, the B-site iron solubility limit in the lead titanate host was found to be approximately 10 mol% (x = 0.1). Homogeneous distribution of dopants below the solubility limit was evidenced by the linear behavior of unit-cell parameters. The absence of a cubic phase and the persistence of distorted oxygen octahedra indicated the existence of ferroelectric properties even at the x = 0.3 composition. Beyond x = 0.3, the P4mm tetragonal model was determined to be invalid possibly because of oxygen defect driven structural changes, mainly tilting Fe-polyhedra.
Nematicidal activity of cinnamon bark extracts and chitosan against Meloidogyne incognita and Pratylenchus coffeae

In this study, we aimed to evaluate the nematicidal activity of cinnamon bark extracts (CE) and chitosan (Cs) against Meloidogyne incognita and Pratylenchus coffeae under pot and field conditions. In the pot experiments, CE mixed with Cs effectively inhibited M. incognita and P. coffeae infection on robusta coffee plants. The formulations applied, CE:Cs = 8 mg:30 mg, CE:Cs = 16 mg:60 mg and CE:Cs = 16 mg:60 mg per pot, significantly reduced the gall index and nematode number in 5 g of root and 100 g of soil. In addition, the application of CE:Cs = 48 mg:180 mg CE:Cs = 80 mg:300 mg and CE:Cs = 112 mg:420 mg plant−1 effectively reduced root gall formation and nematode density in roots and soil compared with the non-treated control under field conditions. Nematode density in the roots was positively correlated with the rate of yellow leaf disease. These results suggest that cinnamon mixed with chitosan may be used as an effective eco-friendly pesticide against plant-parasitic nematodes.
Emotional Regulation and Diabetes Distress in Adults With Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes.

OBJECTIVE To explore the correlates of diabetes-related distress (DD) with psychometrically valid assessments of emotional regulation in individuals with type 1 and type 2 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Adults with diabetes (n = 298) were assessed for psychological issues possibly associated with diabetes and were further evaluated with measures of negative emotional experience (ER-Exp) and skill at regulating such experiences (ER-Skill) and measures of DD, perceived psychosocial stress, diabetes literacy, and diabetes self-care. RESULTS ER-Exp was directly related to DD, while ER-Skill was inversely related to DD. Together, these ER variables displayed a medium-size relationship (β = 0.45) with DD. Inclusion of variables related to diabetes self-care and perceived psychosocial stress was associated with only an 18% reduction (i.e., β = 0.45 to β = 0.38) in the strength of this relationship, while the magnitude of relationships between DD and perceived psychosocial stress (β = 0.15) and diabetes self-care (β = -0.09) was relatively small. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that DD is meaningfully linked with negative emotionality, and skill at regulating such emotions, in adults with diabetes. This relationship appears to be stronger than that between DD and perceived psychological stress or diabetes self-care. If so, DD (and possibly A1C) may be improved in those with diabetes and difficulties with negative emotionality.
Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Zinc Supply on Seed and Metal Accumulation in Canola Grain

Nutrient supply is important for yield and quality of canola (Brassica napus L.) crop production. A controlled study was conducted to determine the effects of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and zinc (Zn) supply and their interactions on yield and accumulation of four microelements in canola grain. Results showed that seed yield increased 1.45 to 5 times by increasing N and up to 24.4% by increasing P supply, with significant N-by-P interactions. Nitrogen-by-Zn interaction also exhibited large effects on grain metal concentrations, with increased iron (Fe) and copper (Cu) as increasing N supply, and decreased Mn concentration at all N supply levels above 0 N. Zinc concentration was decreased at low N and increased at high N levels compared to 0 N. Increasing P supply reduced grain Fe and Zn accumulations, but had no effect on Mn and Cu. Overall, this study revealed that canola yield and micronutrient accumulations can be improved by appropriate nutrient supply.
Synthesized multi-walled carbon nanotubes as a potential adsorbent for the removal of methylene blue dye: kinetics, isotherms, and thermodynamics

AbstractMulti-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) are a highly effective adsorbent of methylene blue (MB), and they can be used to remove MB from aqueous solutions. In this study, we used MWCNTs that were synthesized by chemical vapor deposition method. The physicochemical properties of MWCNTs were characterized by Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area, surface functional group analysis by fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis, zero point charge (pHzpc), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The factors that affected the adsorption properties of MB onto MWCNTs were investigated, including initial pH, contact time, dosage, initial concentration, and temperature. The equilibrium adsorption data were analyzed using two common adsorption models, i.e. the Langmuir and Freundlich models. The results indicated that the Langmuir isotherm fits the experimental results well. The maximum adsorption capacity obtained from the equation of the Langmuir isotherm at 323 K was 95.30 mg.
Hypothalamic-Pituitary Axis Dysfunction, Central Diabetes Insipidus, and Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone Secretion as the First Clinical Presentation of Neurosarcoidosis: Why Early Diagnosis and Treatment is Important?

Sarcoidosis is defined by granuloma formation in a multitude of organs. Despite its rare involvement in the nervous system, there are a number of cases that identify neurological symptoms to be the initial clinical manifestation of sarcoidosis. The involvement of the hypothalamic-pituitary (HP) axis presented most frequently with hormone deficiencies. Studies have reported that damage to the pituitary gland may be irreversible, and hormone abnormalities were generally permanent. Neurosarcoidosis has been described as the underlying cause of central diabetes insipidus (DI) and syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH) secretion. The pathological mechanism that can lead both to deficiency and excess of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) secretion is still not fully understood. It has been shown that diagnosis of neurosarcoidosis remains challenging, as symptoms can be inconclusive and diagnostic tools are not sufficiently sensitive and specific. Early treatment may potentially reverse pituitary deficiencies, although studies to confirm this hypothesis are minimal. This review article aims to increase knowledge about central DI and SIADH caused by neurosarcoidosis, identify possible difficulties in diagnosis, and discuss the importance of early management. Clinical trials investigating the long-term therapeutic response in patients with HP sarcoidosis are essential, as there are currently no established guidelines for the treatment of neurosarcoidosis.