Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Characterization of a DRE‐Binding Transcription Factor from Asparagus (Asparagus officinalis L.) and Its Overexpression in Arabidopsis Resulting in Salt‐ and Drought‐Resistant Transgenic Plants

A new full‐length cDNA encoding an AP2/EREBP domain‐containing transcription factor named AoDREB was isolated from Asparagus officinalis L. using the RACE‐PCR method. It is a homolog to the dehydration‐responsive element binding protein (DREB) and classified to the A6 subgroup of the DREB subfamily. Using the yeast one‐hybrid system, we conducted a DRE binding assay and demonstrated that AoDREB can bind the DRE element specifically. A transcriptional activity assay showed that AoDREB is a transcription factor capable of activating expression of the reporter gene in yeast. RT‐PCR analysis revealed that expression of the AoDREB gene is induced under 20% PEG and high salinity stress, whereas no obvious response to low temperature was observed. Overexpression of AoDREB in transgenic Arabidopsis caused no growth retardation and induced stronger expression of the target genes, including RD29A and COR15A, than in wild type, resulting in increased tolerance of transgenic Arabidopsis to drought and high salinity. These results suggest that introduction of an exogenous AoDREB into plants is an effective way to improve plant drought and salinity tolerance.
Supplementation of Graded Levels of Wheat Bran to Intact and Castrated Afar Sheep Fed Urea Treated Tef Straw: Effects on Feed Intake, Digestibility, Body Weight and Carcass Characteristics

A feeding and digestibility trial was conducted to evaluate the effect of wheat bran (WB) supplementation on feed utilization and carcass characteristics in urea treated tef (Eragrostis tef) straw (UTTS) based feeding of Afar sheep. Sixteen intact and sixteen castrated Afar sheep with initial body weight (BW) of 15.75 ± 1.57 kg (mean ± SD) were used in a randomized complete block design with 2 sex (intact, T1-T4 and castrated, T5-T8) x 4 levels (0, control; 150 g, low; 250 g, medium; 350 g, high) of WB supplementation on a dry matter (DM) basis. Supplementation promoted higher total DM, crude protein (CP) (P intake, final BW, daily BW gain, feed conversion efficiency (FCE), rib-eye muscle area (P Keywords: Afar Sheep; Carcass; Digestibility; Feed Intake; Urea Treated Tef Straw; wheat bran
Pine Weevil Population Density and Damage to Coniferous Seedlings in a Regeneration Area With and Without Shelterwood

Damage to planted conifer seedlings by the pine weevil, Hylobius abietis (L.), is considered to be less severe in shelterwoods than in clear-cuttings. To evaluate possible reasons for this reduction, this study investigated the relationship between seedling damage and pine weevil population density in the presence and absence of shelter trees. Assessments of seedling damage throughout a full growth season and absolute population density estimates were made at a fresh clear-cutting and an adjacent shelterwood (1 ha each). A grid of 100 pitfall traps was placed over each area, and population estimates were made using the mark–recapture technique. Pine weevil damage to seedlings was about twice as high in the clear-cutting, whereas pine weevil density was estimated to be higher in the shelterwood or about the same in the two treatments (∼14 000 weevils ha−1). Existing differences in microclimate between the shelterwood and clear-cutting did not seem to be the cause of the differences in damage levels. Thus, the hypothesis that seedling damage is reduced in shelterwoods because of increased availability of alternative food remains a candidate for further testing.
HYPHOMYCETES CELULOLITICOS EN SUELOS DE BOSQUES DE NOTHOFAGUS, TIERRA DEL FUEGO

Se estudiaron los hongos celuloliticos asociados a suelos de tres bosques pristinos de Nothofagus (N. pumilio (Poepp. et Endl.) Krasser, N. antarctica (Forst.) Oerst. y N. betuloides (Mirb.) Oerst. ) de Tierra del Fuego, determinando la eficiencia celulolitica para cada suelo y taxa usando como fuente de carbono Na CMC (carboximetilcelulosa sodica). Las comunidades fungicas de celuloliticos se ordenaron usando Analisis de Componentes Principales (PCA). Los dos primeros componentes explicaron el 77.23 % de la varianza entre los bosques, de acuerdo con las frecuencias de las especies fungicas aisladas. El primer componente estuvo asociado con diferencias en la calidad del recurso (gramineas en N. antarctica vs madera en N. pumilio y N. betuloides) en la superficie del suelo. El segundo componente estuvo asociado con la cantidad de hojarasca sobre la superficie. Se estudio el efecto del disturbio en las comunidades fungicas de celuloliticos de dos bosques de N. pumilio usando PCA. Los dos primeros componentes explican 75.59% de la variacion entre los bosques relacionado con la frecuencia de las especies fungicas y asociado con diferencias en la cantidad de hojarasca sobre el suelo
Circular Building Design: An Analysis of Barriers and Drivers for a Circular Building Sector

Circular building design could significantly reduce the environmental impact of buildings and the pressure on natural resources. However, most buildings today are not designed according to the principles of the circular economy. Most literature has focused on either methods for quantifying the lifecycle analysis of buildings and materials, or on innovative circular building materials, but not much is known about the design process of circular buildings and how architects are dealing with translating the principles of the circular economy to the building sector. A series of semi-structured interviews with architects and consultants that have engaged in circular building design has been conducted to identify the barriers and drivers of the transformation towards a circular building sector. Interviews were analysed using qualitative coding analysis. The conservativeness of the building industry, the lack of political priority and the dependency throughout the building industry were found to be the main barriers, while a supportive client with a well-defined assignment and idea was considered to be the main driver. The contribution of this paper to key actors in the building sector is to identify the main barriers and drivers for a circular building sector.
Heteroblastic Root Development in Ceratopteris richardii (Parkeriaceae)

Heteroblastic variation among leaves arising from the shoot system is a well‐known phenomenon, but relatively little effort has been directed at assessing whether comparable variation occurs among shoot‐borne roots in homorhizic plants. A morphological and anatomical study of shoot‐borne root formation in the homosporous fern Ceratopteris richardii revealed two developmentally distinct root populations. Roots in the first population were produced once each shoot plastochron, with a single organ originating just beneath each leaf. Among the first six of these roots produced by young shoots, the root plastochron and individual growth rate, the final organ size (diameter and length), the anatomy, and the onset of lateral root initiation all varied as a function of shoot age. The positional differences observed among these organs constituted the first portion of a root heteroblastic series that continued into the adult shoot. The second root population arose from leaf bases beginning near the eighth node, with roots becoming more numerous on leaves at successive nodes. This secondary form of shoot‐borne rooting behavior constituted another aspect of heteroblastic variation, but it is attributed to differences in developmental potential among leaves along the shoot and not to root heteroblasty in a strict sense. The results underscore basic differences in the morphological relationship between root and shoot systems in homorhizic ferns compared with seed plants and show that C. richardii is a useful model for investigating aspects of phase change related to rooting behavior that are not represented in flowering plants.
Requirements for stress gradient‐based fatigue assessment of notched structures according to theory of critical distance

Notches, local stress raisers within structural components, are one of the most important locations for fatigue crack initiation. It is well known that fatigue is governed by the effective stresses in the vicinity of notches. Within this study, differences in prediction accuracy between different types of theory of critical distance methods, that is, point and line methods, are systematically investigated in conjunction with a sensitivity study regarding mesh refinement, assumed strength hypothesis and material behaviour. For this purpose, a finite element analysis parameter study on notched structures is performed and recommendations for the application of stress gradient methods are presented. Difference in effective stress of up to 30%, and hence a significant difference in fatigue life (e.g., 185% for a slope of S-N curve of k = 4), is found for typical notch shapes, for example, in welded joints.
Two new species and a new record of Crepidotus (Agaricomycetes) from India

During ongoing studies of the mycoflora of Kerala State, India, three species of Crepidotus, namely, C. exilis A.M.Kumar & C.K. Pradeep sp. nov., C. globisporus A.M.Kumar & C.K. Pradeep sp. nov. and C. croceotinctus Peck, were discovered. These species are described and illustrated. A phylogenetic reconstruction based on maximum-likelihood analyses of nuclear ribosomal large subunit rDNA sequences are provided.
Effects of Nutritional Conditions on the Stable Carbon and Nitrogen Isotope of Microalgae

Carbon and nitrogen stable isotopes were studied among different groups and species of marine phytoplankton on the aspect of growth phase and nutrient conditions. Three investigated algal species which represent the Chlorophyceae, Dinophyceae and Desmokontae classes were grown in batch monocultures and analysed for δ13C and δ15N in both exponential and stationary phase. For all the cultured species, δ13C signatures range from 24.77 (A.carterae) to 17.10 (P. micans) as well as δ15N range from-15.66(P. helgolandica) to 14.40(P. helgolandica). These three species (Platymonas helgolandica var. tsingtaoensis, Amphidinium carterae Hulburt and Prorocentrum micans) were also grown under nutrient sufficient and nitrogen or phosphorus deficient conditions. Nitrogen limitation resulted in a more negative δ13C signature, whereas no effect could be observed during phosphorus limitation compared to nutrient sufficient conditions. But nitrogen and phosphorus limitation resulted in a more positive δ15N signature. The results show that the carbon and nitrogen isotopic signature of phytoplankton may be differ among different phytoplankton species, between exponential and stationary phase, as well as between nutrient treatments.
Selection of Offspring Size at Independence and Other Size-Versus-Number Strategies

A continuous, analytical model of the selection of size-number compromises is presented and applied to the selection of the amount of parental investment in each offspring until its independence. At the evolutionarily stable strategy, the proportional gain in the success of an offspring from an increment in the investment in the offspring equals the proportional loss in offspring numbers. A parallel marginal-value theorem applies to discontinuous variation in the amount of care. When selection acts directly on offspring size rather than on number, the evolutionarily stable level of care depends only on the fitness curve relating the fitness of single offspring to the amount of resources received. General conditions for brood reduction are described. A more-specific rapid-gain version of the continuous model suggests that the amount of parental care is influenced primarily by the level of care at which offspring success increases rapidly. The model can explain various observed differences in amounts of parental care, such as those of r-selected versus K-selected species. The work of an unrecognized predecessor of r- and K-selection theory, E. J. Salisbury, is acknowledged. There are many other size-number compromises, including those for repeated plant structures and for the number of broods per year and other "packaging" strategies, to which models paralleling those for parental strategies can be applied.
On periodic EGARCH models

Abstract This article deals with some probabilistic and statistical properties of a periodic exponential model, which is very adequate and appropriate to capture and describe, at the same time, three stylized facts very often encountered in the field of financial time series namely, the volatility clustering, the asymmetry and the periodicity exhibited by the autocovariance structure. Indeed, necessary and sufficient conditions for the periodical stationarity, both in second order and strict, are established. The closed form of the second-order moment is, under these conditions, established. Moreover, the higher order moments structure is studied. The conditional least square (CLS) and the quasi maximum likelihood estimations of the model are obtained. Moreover, the CLS estimations of the non-centered model and the are established. The performances of these estimators were assisted by an intensive simulation study, moreover an application on real data set is provided.
Probability Models and Statistical Tests for Extreme Precipitation Based on Generalized Negative Binomial Distributions

Mathematical models are proposed for statistical regularities of maximum daily precipitation within a wet period and total precipitation volume per wet period. The proposed models are based on the generalized negative binomial (GNB) distribution of the duration of a wet period. The GNB distribution is a mixed Poisson distribution, the mixing distribution being generalized gamma (GG). The GNB distribution demonstrates excellent fit with real data of durations of wet periods measured in days. By means of limit theorems for statistics constructed from samples with random sizes having the GNB distribution, asymptotic approximations are proposed for the distributions of maximum daily precipitation volume within a wet period and total precipitation volume for a wet period. It is shown that the exponent power parameter in the mixing GG distribution matches slow global climate trends. The bounds for the accuracy of the proposed approximations are presented. Several tests for daily precipitation, total precipitation volume and precipitation intensities to be abnormally extremal are proposed and compared to the traditional PoT-method. The results of the application of this test to real data are presented.
Aluminum tolerance of 1BL.1RS and 1AL.1RS near-isolines in soft red winter wheat

Some cultivars containing the 1BL.1RS wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)-rye (Secale cereale L.) translocation are presumed tolerant to aluminum (A1) toxicity, but whether this tolerance is due to genes on 1RS or to genes in the wheat genome is not clear. A set of backcross-six, F 2 -derived F 4 near-isolines containing either the 'Kavkaz'-derived 1BL.1RS or 'Amigo'-derived 1AL.1RS translocation were developed in five soft red winter wheat backgrounds at Columbia, MO between 1988 and 1992. The presumed contribution of 1RS to Al tolerance expressed in solution culture was measured using a split-plot design, replicated four times. Seedlings were grown for 4 d in an aerated, low-ionic-strength, hydroponic solution at pH 4.0 containing no phosphorus. Whole-plot treatments included 1 mg L -1 Al as AlCl 3 and a zero Al control. The longest seminal root of each seedling was measured and averaged across seven seedlings per isoline. Root tolerance index (RTI), calculated as the mean seminal root length in the Al treatment divided by the mean seminal root length in the control, provided a measure of Al tolerance. Higher RTI values indicated greater Al tolerance. Mean RTI values for each background, averaged across 1AL.1RS and 1BL.1RS isolines, ranged from 0.63 in'MO 11728' to 0.24 in 'Caldwell'. 1AL.1RS significantly reduced Al tolerance in 'Becker', Caldwell and 'MO 10501', but had no effect on Al tolerance in MO 11728 and 'Pioneer 2551'. 1BL.1RS had no effect on Al tolerance in any genetic background. Neither the Kavkaz- nor the Amigo-derived 1RS segment contained genes for Al tolerance when grown in solution culture, and improved Al tolerance previously reported in 1BL.1RS cultivars was due to coincidental major genes on the wheat genome.
Influence of protein and methionine concentrations and body size on the growth and carcase of muscovy ducks in the finishing stage of production

Abstract 1. The effect of two dietary protein (125 vs 145 g/kg) and methionie (2.2 vs 5.2 g/kg) concentrations on the growth and carcase composition of male Muscovy ducklings was followed for 15 days. In the first experiment, two weight groups (light (Lw) and heavy (Hw)) of 64 birds each were compared while in the second, the comparison concerned hybrids (R61 and R31, 88 ducks each). At the beginning of the experiments, the ducks were 11 and 10 weeks old, respectively. 2. Meal feeding, associated with adequate rationing, reduced fattening but not muscular development. Hybrid R31 growth rate was faster than that of R61. In the two experiments, the birds whose growth had been slower before the beginning of the test period displayed the highest growth rate which was mainly caused by an increase in breast muscle. 3. Methionine supplementation (5.2 g/kg) improved the muscular development of the fillets. Minimal protein requirements were close to 10.3 g CP/MJ ME, but a diet with 12.7 g CP/MJ ME resulted in a sl.
Use of Humic Substances and Amino Acids to Enhance Iron Availability for Tomato Plants from Applications of the Chelate FeEDDHA

ABSTRACT Two experiments in consecutive years were conducted in a commercial greenhouse located in the Southeast of Spain. The objective was to test if the addition of commercial organic compounds could improve the uptake of iron (Fe) by tomato plants (Lycopersicon esculentum mill.) cv Daniela. A commercial humic substance (HS) and a mix of amino acids (AA) were used as organic compounds in the first year of the experiment, and FeEDDHA (Q) as a source of iron. Both organic compounds improved iron uptake in comparison to a control without the addition of organic materials, especially the humic substance. A similar experiment was conducted the following year, but part of the chelate was progressively substituted by the humic compound. Results showed that the content of iron in the leaves increased with the substitution without any significant losses of yield or fruit quality. Plant nutrition was also improved because of an increase in the level of phosphorus in the leaves and a decrease in foliar sodium levels indicating a reduction in the effects of salinity.
Evaluating stress in a Hawaiian honeycreeper, Paroreomyza montana, following translocation

Abstract We used differential counts of white blood cells to determine heterophil:lymphocyte ratios in the Maui Creeper (Paroreomyza montana), an endemic, non-endangered Hawaiian honeycreeper, as a measure of stress in response to varying distance and handling technique during translocations. The Maui Creeper was used as an in situ experimental model for the Po'ouli (Melamprosops phaeosoma), an endangered species for whom translocation is critical for its recovery. We translocated 18 Maui Creepers across rugged terrain by hand-carrying individual birds for two distances (1.0 or 2.5 km) inside portable containers. We tested two methods of confinement that varied in the degree of physical restraint during translocation. Birds translocated across longer distances developed significantly higher heterophil:lymphocyte ratios than those moved shorter distances. However, no significant difference was seen between container types. Our findings build on a previous study of stress response in passerines, and indicate that using heterophil:lymphocyte ratios to measure stress may be a valuable tool for evaluating management practices for other critically endangered passerines.
The influence of survey frequency on population estimates of moorland breeding birds

Capsule A minimum of four constant‐effort‐search survey visits are required to generate reliable population estimates of breeding birds on moorland that are not subject to biases associated with varying levels of detectability through the season. Aims To investigate the influence of the number and the combination of survey visits on the population estimates of breeding birds on moorland. Methods Four constant‐effort‐search surveys (80–100 minutes per km2 per visit) of moorland in southwest Scotland were undertaken in each of six years, 2003–2008. Using standard protocols, the numbers of apparent territories that would have been identified for each possible combination of survey visits were determined.glms were used to assess the influence of the frequency of survey visits, and different combination scenarios on the derived population estimates for Red Grouse, European Golden Plover, Common Snipe, Eurasian Curlew, Sky Lark, Winter Wren and Stonechat. Independent assessments of population density were made by transect sampling for Red Grouse and Sky Lark. Results Robust population estimates were possible from three survey visits for European Golden Plover, Eurasian Curlew and Stonechat. However, there were differences between species in the seasonal variation of their detectability. Four survey visits would underestimate the populations of Red Grouse (probably by 67–91%), Sky Lark (probably by 31–61%) and Winter Wren (by an undetermined proportion). Common Snipe were also likely to be underestimated after four survey visits, but the value of the derived estimate as an index of population density deserves further investigation. Conclusions If there is a need to carry out a multi‐species survey on moorland, we suggest that a minimum of four survey visits is required to ensure the derivation of reliable population estimates for a suite of the most readily detectable species. Population estimates derived from three or fewer survey visits risk biases through uneven sampling in periods of differing detectability. With evidence for changes in the breeding phenology of birds associated with changing climate or weather patterns, it arguably becomes more important to ensure that surveys sample an adequately broad period of the breeding season.
Estudio observacional de la distensión de la grasa plantar en pacientes sanos en sedestación, carga bipodal y monopodal

Instrucciones de citación para el artículo / Citation instructions for the article: Ramos-Ortega Javier, Martín Jiménez Juan Agustín, Manfredi Márquez María José, Domínguez Maldonado Gabriel, Pineda Bascón Bárbara . Estudio observacional de la distensión de la grasa plantar en pacientes sanos en sedestación, carga bipodal y monopodal / Observational study of the plantar fat pad distension in healthy patients in sitting position, bipodal and monopodal standing. Rev. Esp. Pod. 2020. doi: 10.20986/revesppod.2020. 1556/2020.
Volatile Hydrogen Intermediates of CO2 Methanation by Inelastic Neutron Scattering

Despite vast research efforts, the detection of volatile intermediates of catalytic reactions remains a challenge: in addition to the compatibility of the technique to the harsh reaction conditions, a molecular understanding is hampered by the difficulty of extracting meaningful information from operando techniques applied on complex materials. Diffusive reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFTS) is a powerful method, but it is restricted by optical selection rules particularly affecting the detection of hydrogen. This gap can be filled by inelastic neutron scattering (INS). However, INS cannot be used on hydrogenated systems at temperatures higher than 20 K. We demonstrate how its use as a post-mortem method gives insights into the crucial intermediates during CO2 methanation on Ni/alumina-silica catalysts. We detect a variety of H–, O–, and C-based intermediates. A striking outcome is that hydrogen and oxygen are concurrently chemisorbed on the catalysts, a result that needs the combined effort of DRIFTS and INS.