Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Dexamethasone blunts post-spinal hypotension in geriatric patients undergoing orthopedic surgery: a double blind, placebo-controlled study

Background: Post-spinal anesthesia (PSA) hypotension in elderly patients is challenging. Correction of PSA hypotension by fluids either colloids or crystalloids or by vasoconstrictors pose the risk of volume overload or compromising cardiac conditions. Dexamethasone is used to treat conditions manifested by decrease of peripheral vascular resistance. The research team was the first to test the hypothesis of its role in preventing or decreasing the incidence of PSA hypotension.Methods: 110 patients, aged 60 years or more were recruited to receive a single preoperative dose of dexamethasone 8 mg IVI in 100 ml normal saline (D group) (55 patients) 2 hours preoperatively, and 55 patients were given placebo (C group) in a randomized, double-blind trial. Variations in blood pressure and heart rate in addition to the needs of ephedrine and/or atropine following spinal anesthesia (SA) were recorded. SA was achieved using subarachnoid injection of 3 ml hyperbaric bupivacaine 0.5%. Results: Demographic data and the quality of sensory and motor block were comparable between groups. At 5th, 10th minutes post SA; systolic, diastolic and, mean arterial pressures were statistically significant higher in D group. At 20th minutes post SA; pressure readings and heart rate changes didn’t show any statistically significance between groups. The need for ephedrine and side effects were statistically significant lower in D group than C group.Conclusion. Post spinal anesthesia hypotension, nausea, vomiting and shivering in elderly patients were less common after receiving a single preoperative dose of dexamethasone 8 mg IVI than control.Registration number: Clinical Trials. gov Identifier: NCT 03664037Registered 17 September 2018 - Retrospectively registered, http://www.Clinical Trial.gov
Crystal Chemistry of Alkali–Aluminum–Iron Sulfates from the Burnt Mine Dumps of the Chelyabinsk Coal Basin, South Urals, Russia

Technogenic steklite, KAl(SO4)2, and unnamed mineral phase (K,Na)3Na3(Fe,Al)2(SO4)6 from burnt dumps of the Chelyabinsk Coal Basin have been investigated by single-crystal X-ray diffraction and electron microprobe analysis. Steklite is trigonal, space group P3¯, a = 4.7277(3), c = 7.9871(5) A, V = 154.60(2) A3. The crystal structure was refined to R1 = 0.026 (wR2 = 0.068). It is based upon the [Al(SO4)2]− layers formed by corner sharing of SO4 tetrahedra and AlO6 polyhedra. The anionic [Al(SO4)2]− layers are parallel to the (001) plane and linked via interlayer K+ ions. The regular octahedral coordination of Al is observed that distinguishes technogenic steklite from that found in Tolbachik fumaroles. The (K,Na)3Na3(Fe,Al)2(SO4)6 phase is trigonal, space group R3¯, a = 13.932(2), c = 17.992(2) A, V = 3024.4(7) A3, R1 = 0.073 (wR2 = 0.108). The crystal structure is based upon the anionic chains [(Fe,Al)(SO4)3]3− running parallel to the c axis and interconnected via K+ and Na+ ions. There are no known minerals or synthetic compounds isotypic to (K,Na)3Na3(Fe,Al)2(SO4)6, due to the presence of separate K and Na sites in its structure.
Efektivitas Pelaksanaan Pelatihan Dasar (LATSAR) CPNS Golongan III Angkatan III Berbasis e-Learning di Kabupaten Tanjung Jabung Barat

The outbreak of the corona virus (covid-19) in Indonesia which continued to increase until early March 2020. This research focused on the effectiveness of online-based learning applications that are applied due to physical distancing policies. Physical distancing was applied by the Indonesian government as a preventive for the transmission of the COVID 19 virus, but it was not very successful because positive numbers continue to grow. Through this research, the researcher wants to analyze how effective the implementation of the learning system is from the training participant perspective. The sample of this study was 39 training participant Group III Batch III at Tanjung Jabung Barat. The instrument used was a questionnaire distributed online using the google form link. Based on the data obtained, shows that the implementation of online learning has been carried out effectively seen from the readiness of the facilitator, the ability to use applications, responses and benefits obtained.
‘Chronology and climate sensitivity of the post‐LGM glaciation in the Dunagiri valley, Dhauliganga basin, Central Himalaya, India’: Comments

Kumar et al. (2020) made an attempt to reconstruct the style and timing of the late Quaternary glaciation in the monsoon-influenced Dunagiri valley (Dhauliganga) of the Central Himalaya. The objective of the study was to redefine the glacial stages using themoraine stratigraphy supported by optical chronology. This is a welcome contribution from a region that is still poorly explored and lacks good chronometric data; as a result, the glacier response to climate variability remains elusive. Having read the manuscript with keen interest, we observed several discrepancies, such as (i) contradiction in the climate/meteorological data, (ii) poorly constrained stratigraphical and sedimentological details, and (iii) vague palaeoclimatic and regional correlation. The authors have neglected an earlier study (Sati et al. 2014),whichshouldhavebeenconsidered,withadequate justification, in the discussion of the stratigraphical and chronometric differences (if any). The lack of full consideration of Sati et al. (2014) has, unfortunately, led to ambiguity.
Dispersal by gray ratsnakes: Effects of sex, age and time

Funding information University of Illinois; World Wildlife Fund; Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources; Parks Canada; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada Abstract Dispersal is one of the most fundamental components of ecology. Dispersal is also particularly relevant in an era of unprecedented habitat loss and climate change. We used a unique dataset to examine dispersal in gray ratsnakes (Pantherophis spiloides). Over a decade, we marked and released >1,500 hatchlings while monitoring the population of ratsnakes over a large area (≈1,900 ha). We tested the hypotheses that dispersal should be (a) largely restricted to within the local population given previous genetic evidence of limited gene flow at greater distances and (b) male biased because male gray ratsnakes are under strong sexual selection. We recaptured 69 gray ratsnakes that had been marked as hatchlings after periods ranging from 1 day to 11 years. We found that dispersal distance increased with time, but was not significantly sexbiased, and that gray ratsnakes are extremely faithful to their communal hibernacula (only 2.8% of 497 juvenile and adult ratsnakes captured at least twice at communal hibernacula changed sites between years). Thus, dispersal is largely limited to the period from hatching until an individual joins a communal hibernaculum. Based on the spatial patterns of dispersal we observed, the most plausible explanation for dispersal is that hatchling ratsnakes disperse from their natal site to join a neighboring communal hibernaculum. Our study yielded the most reliable data on dispersal distances from birth by a snake to date.
Near-Field Flow Structure and Entrainment of a Round Jet at Low Exit Velocities: Implications on Microclimate Ventilation

This paper explores the flow structure, mean/turbulent statistical characteristics of the vector field and entrainment of round jets issued from a smooth contracting nozzle at low nozzle exit velocities (1.39–6.44 m/s). The motivation of the study was to increase understand of the near field and get insights on how to control and reduce entrainment, particularly in applications that use jets with low-medium momentum flow like microclimate ventilation systems. Additionally, the near field of free jets with low momentum flow is not extensively covered in literature. Particle image velocimetry (PIV), a whole field vector measurement method, was used for data acquisition of the flow from a 0.025 m smooth contracting nozzle. The results show that at low nozzle exit velocities the jet flow was unstable with oscillations and this increased entrainment, however, increasing the nozzle exit velocity stabilized the jet flow and reduced entrainment. This is linked to the momentum flow of the jet, the structure characteristics of the flow and the type or disintegration distance of vortices created on the shear layer. The study discusses practical implications on microclimate ventilation systems and at the same time contributes data to the development and validation of a planned computational turbulence model for microclimate ventilation.
Historical significance and the challenges of African historiography: analysis of teacher perspectives

ABSTRACT The history, people, and culture of many African nations have been written, projected, and interpreted in different ways. The contents and variability in the early accounts about African nations, which were based largely on external viewpoints and interests which barely represented the realities in Africa, created confusions about African historiography and affected how Africans, their cultures, and histories were perceived in Western cultures. Drawing on the literature on African historiography, this paper examines Ghanaian History teachers’ perspectives of historically significant events in Ghana’s past, and how these perspectives translate into classroom practice. Findings demonstrate teachers’ consciousness and belief in traditional African cultural practices and the unique modes of preserving and doing African history. The paper makes a case for how African historiography and History education should look different to those conducted in Western contexts.
VITAMIN A DERIVATIVES USE IN THE TREATMENT OF SKIN CONDITIONS

Retinoids are used to treat various skin diseases. They add valuable impact of when used early in the treatment of dermatological conditions. Overall vitamin A derivatives are underused, with isotretinoin is the most used. This paper aims to develop prescribers’ knowledge about their benefits, to improve their usability and aids in alleviating patient concerns to improve therapeutic outcomes in dermatological conditions. In acne vulgaris, adapalene gel and tretinoin cream showed equal efficacy. In psoriasis the combination of acitretin and PUVA was superior to PUVA alone. Acitretin showed a reduction of 41% in the Nail Psoriasis Severity Index and similar efficacy to potent steroids and calcipotriol. In chronic hand eczema, alitretinoin showed 50% improvement in patient’s refractory to steroid treatment. In photoaging and aging, retinoids were shown to increase the synthesis and decrease the degradation rate of collagen and hyaluronate, reducing the impact of aging. In rosacea, topical and systemic isotretinoin showed complete remission in 24% of the patients compared to only 14 % with antibiotics (metronidazole and doxycycline). In lichen planus, isotretinoin demonstrated clinical and histopathological efficacy. In cutaneous T-cell lymphoma, bexarotene used alone or with PUVA or narrow band UVB, showed a response between 80.0% to 84.0%. Lastly in Kaposi sarcoma alitretinoin gel showed superiority to all other agents and better tolerance. This review highlights the benefit of timely use of vitamin A derivatives to encourage wider use.
Clinical Resources for Assessing Mobility of People with Lower-Limb Amputation: Interviews with Rehabilitation Clinicians

ABSTRACT Introduction Mobility tests are increasingly used in prosthetic rehabilitation to evaluate patient outcomes. Knowledge of the space, equipment, and time resources available to clinicians who work in different settings can guide recommendations for which tests are most clinically feasible and promote coordination of mobility testing among members of the rehabilitation team. The primary aim of this study was to characterize the different resources available to clinicians for measuring mobility of people with lower-limb amputation. A secondary aim was to identify performance tasks that clinicians use to evaluate prosthetic mobility. Materials and Methods Semistructured interviews were conducted with prosthetists, physical therapists, and physiatrists who treat people with lower-limb amputation. Researchers used convenience and snowball sampling to identify participants. Interviews included questions about the resources available for conducting mobility tests, as well as questions about which tasks clinicians deemed valuable to assessing mobility of patients with lower-limb amputation. Interviews were audio recorded and transcribed. Summary and frequency statistics were calculated for quantitative data; explanatory comments were summarized. Results Interviews were conducted with 25 clinicians (eight prosthetists, nine physical therapists, and eight physiatrists). Participants had access to multiple spaces and basic measurement equipment. The maximum time participants were willing to spend on performance tests varied. Physiatrists reported less time available (median, 10 minutes; range, 5–30 minutes) than prosthetists and physical therapists (median, 30 minutes; range, 5–60 minutes for both professions). Mobility tasks commonly used to evaluate patients with lower-limb amputation included sit-to-stand, standing balance, walking, and varying speed. Participant comments suggested that mobility tests need to be quick, simple, and add value; existing mobility tests are beneficial but challenging to incorporate into practice; mobility tests should reflect real-world activities; and technological advancements could improve mobility testing. Conclusions Clinicians generally had small-to-medium spaces, basic measurement equipment, and sufficient training to administer mobility tests in their clinics. A limiting factor was time, which can be addressed through selection of efficient measures and collaboration within the rehabilitation team.
STUDY OF WALL COATINGS FOR VAPOR-CELL LASER TRAPS

Efficient collection of atoms into a vapor‐cell laser trap requires a special wall material for the cell that minimizes the interactions between the vapor and the wall. Tests of several different wall coatings and materials are reported, and measurements of adsorption energies, outgassing, and chemical reaction rates between the alkali vapor and the walls are described. It is demonstrated that each of these parameters affects the collection efficiency.
Making an impact in healthcare contexts: insights from a mixed-methods study of professional misconduct

ABSTRACT The scarcity of public sector healthcare resources and the vulnerability of service users make the conduct of health professionals critically important. Health regulators, in delivering their core objective of patient protection, use empirical evidence to identify professionals’ misconduct, improve their understanding of why misconduct occurs, and to maximize the effectiveness of regulatory actions that safeguard public trust in the healthcare system. This paper outlines the contribution of comparative academic analysis of three professions in the UK (doctors, nurses & midwives, and allied health professions) based on 6714 individual cases of professional misconduct. Three dynamic strands of ongoing impact are identified: “dialogue”, that creates an international multi-stakeholder community of interest; “knowledge generation”, which advances conceptual and empirical understanding of counterproductive work behaviour through sequential quantitative and qualitative study; and “dissemination”, where practical learning is utilized by regulators, employers and other academics.
A narrative review of non-pharmacological management of SARS-CoV-2 respiratory failure: a call for an evidence based approach

A novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) belonging to genus beta-coronavirus has been associated with an acute respiratory disease termed coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). As of September 3, 2020, SARS-CoV-2 had caused 867,219 fatalities in 188 nations across the globe. Rapid progression to bronchopneumonia manifesting with severe hypoxemia and eventual evolution into acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) necessitating mechanical ventilation is the hallmark of this disease. The novel nature of COVID-19 pneumonia and the high morbidity and mortality associated with the same has vexed the critical care community. A cultural shift away from evidence-based medicine, and the impetus to attempt newer unproven therapies like awake proning, interleukin receptor 6 antagonists, inhaled nitric oxide, empiric anticoagulation etc. over modalities that have been tested over the decades is slowly gaining ground. The suggestions to delay intubations and liberalize tidal volumes have polarized the medical field like never before. The lack of consistency in management practices and establishing practices based on anecdotes and experiences can lead to devastating outcomes in the patients affected by this deadly virus. In this narrative review, we attempt to re-emphasize the need for an evidence-based approach to the management of COVID-19 related ARDS and review treatment strategies that have been established after rigorous trials and have stood the test of time.
The Effect of Sewage Discharge On Water Quality Off the Coast of Alexandria in Spring and Summer

Abstract Water samples were taken from 7 transects at El-Anfushy, Eastern Harbour, El-Ebrahymea, Stanly, Gleem, Sidi-Bishr and El-Asafra along the coast off Alexandria. the area lies between latitude 31°10′ and 31°20′ N and longitude 29°55′ and 30° E. Nitrate, nitrite, ammonium, urea, dissolved inorganic phosphate, silicate and pH values were measured with average values 1,13, 0.43, 1.41, 1.21, 1.71, 7.16 μmol l−1, respectively. the investigated area is considered to be eutrophic. Levels of nutrients measured in 1991 are all significantly higher than those found in the same area in 1976.
Levels of mercury, cadmium, lead and other selected elements in canned tuna fish commercialised in Jordan

During 2010, the concentrations of mercury and eight other trace elements in 90 canned tuna samples commercialised in Jordan were determined using mercury analyser (Hydra C®) and the inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometer (ICP-OES). The mean concentrations and ranges for elements analysed in mg kg − 1 (wet base) were as follows: total Hg (0.21; 0.06–0.57), Cd (0.06; < 0.01–0.63), Pb (0.09; <0.04–0.24), total As (0.74; 0.11–1.56), Ni (0.51; 0.03–2.85), V (0.04; <0.03–0.1), Al (0.26; 0.08–1.63), Ba (0.13; 0.05–0.42) and Ag was not detected in any of the analysed samples (<0.02 mg kg−1). The data obtained in the present study compared well with data obtained from similar studies carried out in different parts of the world. Few samples had the mercury and cadmium levels slightly exceeding the Codex Committee on Food Additives and Contaminants draft guidelines. However, the estimated weekly intakes of these metals showed that there was no health risk associated with the consumption of the analysed canned tuna samples.
Study of hematological and biochemical parameters in a cohort of Indian COVID-19 patients admitted in a tertiary care centre

Background: In this study authors retrospectively analyzed the record of 102 patients with confirmed COVID-19 infection to determine factors associated with severity of disease. Methods: Clinical, biochemical, radiological and hematological profiles of 102 patients with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 RNA testing were obtained and analyzed. Results: A total of 102 patients were enrolled, with median age of patients of 32.5 years (range 10-85 years), of which 83.3% (85/102) were asymptomatic and 16.67% (17/102) symptomatic. Eighteen (17.6%) patients had co-existing illnesses. Clinical spectrum among COVID-19 patients varied from being asymptomatic to having symptoms like fever, dry cough, breathlessness with few progressing to respiratory failure and multi-organ failure. In our study, 97.05% (99/102) recovered while 2.94% (3/102) died. Mean age, total leucocyte count (TLC), neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet to lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) of severely ill patients were significantly higher than those of patients with non-severe illness. Conclusions: Elevated NLR, TLC, PLR, LDH and lymphopenia were seen in the symptomatic patients especially manifesting severe disease. Early intervention and periodic monitoring of these parameters in patients, especially with severe disease may help in improving disease outcome.
Balanço do carbono orgânico no solo sob integração lavoura-pecuária no sul do Brasil

In southern Brazil, crop-livestock integration is increasing in areas traditionally used for extensive beef cattle production. The poor winter pasture management associated to the use of soybean monoculture in the summer may be restrictive for the incorporation of plant residues into the soil and reduce soil organic carbon stocks. The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of the increase of winter pasture grazing frequencies and summer crop systems on the soil organic C stock. The experiment was carried out for four years under no-tillage and the experiment had a randomized block design and a 3 x 3 bifactorial arrangement with four replications. Factor A consisted of three grazing intervals in the winter: No grazing (NG), Grazing every 28 days (G28) and Grazing every 14 days (G14); and factor B consisted of three summer-cropping systems: Soybean monoculture (Mon-S), Corn monoculture (Mon-C) and annual soybean-corn rotation (Rot-S/C). The addition of C to the soil through plant residues and the soil organic C stock were quantified by the methodologies of equivalent soil layer and equivalent soil mass. The increase of the grazing frequencies reduced the C input by winter forages from 5.3 Mg ha-1 in treatment NG, to 1.7 and 1.3 Mg ha-1 in the treatments G28 and G14, respectively. Corn as summer crop resulted in the highest C input to the soil with a mean of 6.0 Mg ha-1, while the soybean input was only 2.2 Mg ha-1. The soil organic C stock calculated by the equivalent soil layer method was overestimated in the treatments G14 and G28 and underestimated in treatment NG as compared to results obtained by the soil mass equivalent method, which was used to compare the management systems. The organic C stock in the layers 0-0.025, 0.025-0.05 and 0.05-0.10 m had a linear relationship with the annual C supply through plants (winter pastures + summer crops), requiring an additional 4.48 Mg ha-1 year-1 to maintain the original organic C stock in the 0-0.10 m layer. The lower C supply through plant residues in the G14 treatment resulted in an estimated net C emission to the atmosphere (0.05 to 0.27 Mg ha-1 year-1 ), while the soil in treatment NG acted as an atmospheric C sink (0.19 to 0.30 Mg ha-1 year-1 ). In treatment G28, the soil performance as source or sink of atmospheric C was dependent on the summer crop type; A soil net C emission was verified under Mon-S (0.04 Mg ha-1 year-1 ) and a net C retention under Mon-C (0.15 Mg ha-1 year-1 ) and Rot-S/C (0.11 Mg ha-1 year-1 ). The longest intervals between winter grazing associated to corn in the summer contributed to increases in biomass and soil organic C accumulation.