Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
MLLT6 maintains PD‐L1 expression and mediates tumor immune resistance

Tumor cells subvert immune surveillance by harnessing signals from immune checkpoints to acquire immune resistance. The protein PD‐L1 is an important component in this process, and inhibition of PD‐L1 elicits durable anti‐tumor responses in a broad spectrum of cancers. However, immune checkpoint inhibition that target known pathways is not universally effective. A better understanding of the genetic repertoire underlying these processes is necessary to expand our knowledge in tumor immunity and to facilitate identification of alternative targets. Here, we present a CRISPR/Cas9 screen in human cancer cells to identify genes that confer tumors with the ability to evade the cytotoxic effects of the immune system. We show that the transcriptional regulator MLLT6 (AF17) is required for efficient PD‐L1 protein expression and cell surface presentation in cancer cells. MLLT6 depletion alleviates suppression of CD8+ cytotoxic T cell‐mediated cytolysis. Furthermore, cancer cells lacking MLLT6 exhibit impaired STAT1 signaling and are insensitive to interferon‐γ‐induced stimulation of IDO1, GBP5, CD74, and MHC class II genes. Collectively, our findings establish MLLT6 as a regulator of oncogenic and interferon‐γ‐associated immune resistance.
Impact of river dynamics on the genetic variation of Gypsophila repens (Caryophyllaceae): a comparison of heath forest and more dynamic gravel bank populations along an alpine river.

Alpine rivers are, despite anthropogenic water flow regulation, still often highly dynamic ecosystems. Plant species occurring along these rivers are subjected to ecological disturbance mainly caused by seasonal flooding. Gypsophila repens is typically growing at higher altitudes in the Alps, but also occurs at lower altitudes on gravel banks directly along the river and in heath forests at larger distances from the river. Populations on gravel banks are supposed to be non-permanent and it is assumed that new individuals originate from seeds periodically washed down from higher altitudes. Populations in heath forests are, in contrast, permanent and not regularly provided with seeds from higher altitudes by flooding. If the genetic structure of plant species is strongly affected by gene flow via seed dispersal, then higher levels of genetic diversity in populations but less differentiation among populations on gravel banks than in heath forests can be expected. In the study presented here, we analyzed genetic diversity within and differentiation among 15 populations of G. repens from gravel banks and heath forests along the alpine river Isar using amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLPs). Genetic diversity was, as assumed, slightly higher in gravel bank than in heath forest populations but genetic differentiation was, in contrast to our expectations, comparable among populations in both habitat types. Our study provides, therefore, some evidence for increased genetic diversity under conditions of higher ecological disturbance and increased seed dispersal on gravel banks. Similar levels of genetic differentiation among populations in both habitat types can be attributed to the species' long lifetime, a permanent soil seed bank and gene flow by pollinators among different habitats/locations.
Song Exposure affects HVC Ultrastructure in Juvenile Zebra Finches

2 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS . 3 INTRODUCTION . 4 I. SYNAPTIC PLASTICITY IN LEARNING AND MEMORY . 4 Basic principles of synapse structure . 4 Changes in synapse number, size and shape . 6 II. SONG ACQUISITION AS A LEARNING PARADIGM . 7 The song system . 9 Structural synaptic plasticity in the song system . 11 III. FOCUSED ION BEAM SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY (FIB-SEM) . 12 MATERIALS AND METHODS . 15 I. SUBJECTS . 15 Electron Microscopy Studies. 15 Protein Expression Studies . 15 Tutoring Paradigm . 15 II. ELECTRON MICROSCOPY . 16 III. IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY . 18 IV. IMAGE ANALYSIS . 20 Synapse Count & Size . 20 Synapse Curvature . 22 Protein Expression . 22 V. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS . 23 RESULTS . 24 I. SYNAPSE SIZE AND CURVATURE . 24 Synapse Size . 25 Synapse Curvature . 27 II. PROTEIN EXPRESSION . 28 APPENDIX . 35 CITED WORKS . 65
Complementary Effect of Maternal Sildenafil and Fetal Tracheal Occlusion Improves Lung Development in the Rabbit Model of Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia

Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text Objective: To evaluate the effect of combining antenatal sildenafil with fetal tracheal occlusion (TO) in fetal rabbits with surgically induced congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH). Background: Although antenatal sildenafil administration rescues vascular abnormalities in lungs of fetal rabbits with CDH, it only partially improves airway morphometry. We hypothesized that we could additionally stimulate lung growth by combining this medical treatment with fetal TO. Methods: CDH was created on gestational day (GD)23 (n=54). Does were randomized to receive either sildenafil 10 mg/kg/d or placebo by subcutaneous injection from GD24 to GD30. On GD28, fetuses were randomly assigned to TO or sham neck dissection. At term (GD30) fetuses were delivered, ventilated, and finally harvested for histological and molecular analyses. Unoperated littermates served as controls. Results: The lung-to-body-weight ratio was significantly reduced in sham-CDH fetuses either (1.2 ± 0.3% vs 2.3 ± 0.3% in controls, P=0.0003). Sildenafil had no effect on this parameter, while CDH fetuses undergoing TO had a lung-to-body-weight ratio comparable to that of controls (2.5 ± 0.8%, P<0.0001). Sildenafil alone induced an improvement in the mean terminal bronchiolar density (2.5 ± 0.8 br/mm2 vs 3.5 ± 0.9 br/mm2, P=0.043) and lung mechanics (static elastance 61 ± 36 cmH2O /mL vs 113 ± 40 cmH2O/mL, P=0.008), but both effects were more pronounced in fetuses undergoing additional TO (2.1 ± 0.8 br/mm2, P=0.001 and 31 ± 9 cmH2O/mL, P<0.0001 respectively). Both CDH-sham and CDH-TO fetuses treated with placebo had an increased medial wall thickness of peripheral pulmonary vessels (41.9 ± 2.9% and 41.8 ± 3.2%, vs 24.0 ± 2.9% in controls, P<0.0001). CDH fetuses treated with sildenafil, either with or without TO, had a medial thickness in the normal range (29.4% ± 2.6%). Finally, TO reduced gene expression of vascular endothelial growth factor and surfactant protein A and B, but this effect was counteracted by sildenafil. Conclusion: In the rabbit model for CDH, the combination of maternal sildenafil and TO has a complementary effect on vascular and parenchymal lung development.
Rapid MR relaxometry using deep learning: An overview of current techniques and emerging trends

Quantitative mapping of MR tissue parameters such as the spin‐lattice relaxation time (T1), the spin‐spin relaxation time (T2), and the spin‐lattice relaxation in the rotating frame (T1ρ), referred to as MR relaxometry in general, has demonstrated improved assessment in a wide range of clinical applications. Compared with conventional contrast‐weighted (eg T1‐, T2‐, or T1ρ‐weighted) MRI, MR relaxometry provides increased sensitivity to pathologies and delivers important information that can be more specific to tissue composition and microenvironment. The rise of deep learning in the past several years has been revolutionizing many aspects of MRI research, including image reconstruction, image analysis, and disease diagnosis and prognosis. Although deep learning has also shown great potential for MR relaxometry and quantitative MRI in general, this research direction has been much less explored to date. The goal of this paper is to discuss the applications of deep learning for rapid MR relaxometry and to review emerging deep‐learning‐based techniques that can be applied to improve MR relaxometry in terms of imaging speed, image quality, and quantification robustness. The paper is comprised of an introduction and four more sections. Section 2 describes a summary of the imaging models of quantitative MR relaxometry. In Section 3, we review existing “classical” methods for accelerating MR relaxometry, including state‐of‐the‐art spatiotemporal acceleration techniques, model‐based reconstruction methods, and efficient parameter generation approaches. Section 4 then presents how deep learning can be used to improve MR relaxometry and how it is linked to conventional techniques. The final section concludes the review by discussing the promise and existing challenges of deep learning for rapid MR relaxometry and potential solutions to address these challenges.
GROWTH PERFORMANCE AND CARCASS CHARACTERISTICS OF BROILER CHICKENS AND GROWING-FINISHING PIGS FED DIETS WITH CORN-SOYA REPLACER MEAL

Feeding trials were conducted to determine the effect of replacing yellow corn (YC) and soybean oil meal (SBOM) with corn-soya replacer meal (CSRM) with and without antibiotic growth promoters (AGPs) on growth performance and carcass characteristics of broiler chickens and growing-finishing pigs. Growth performances were determined from starter to finisher stages. Carcass characteristics were evaluated after slaughter. The dietary treatments were: T1-basal diet without CSRM with AGPs; T2 and T3-diets replacing 40% and 10% of YC and SBOM inclusions, with and without AGPs, respectively; and T4 and T5-diets replacing 80% and 20% of YC and SBOM inclusions, with and without AGPs,respectively. Based on the results of the broiler experiment, diets with CSRM replacing 40% YC and 10% SBOM with and without AGPs can be fed to broilers without affecting performance and carcass characteristics. In the growingfinishing pigs, there were no significant differences on all the performance parameters and carcass characteristics measured. It can be concluded that CSRM can be used to partially replace YC and SBOM in the diets of growing-finishing pigs and of broiler chickens. Key words: broiler chickens, maize, soybean meal, swine
Functional Quality and Colour Attributes of Two High-Lycopene Tomato Breeding Lines Grown under Greenhouse Conditions

This study investigates the antioxidant components (total carotenoids, lycopene, β-carotene, total phenols, flavonoids, ascorbic acid and total vitamin C) as well as the hydrophilic and lipophilic antioxidant activities (HAA and LAA) of tomato genotypes consisting of one ordinary cultivar Rio Grande and the two high-lycopene breeding lines HLT-F71 and HLT-F72. The correlation of nutritional value to L∗, a∗, b∗ colour indexes and a∗/b∗ ratio was also investigated in whole and fresh cut tomato fruits. Except for β-carotene content, significant differences were found among cultivars for antioxidants. The berries of both HLT-lines recorded higher antioxidant contents, HAA and LAA (TEAC and FRAP assays) than Rio Grande. Under controlled conditions, HLT-F72 reached the highest levels of total carotenoids (165.5 mg β-ca Eq per kg fw), lycopene (150.1 mg per kg fw) and total phenolics (549.7 mg GAE per kg fw). However, HLT-F72 exhibited the highest levels of ascorbic acid (193.3 mg per kg fw), total vitamin C (271.6 mg per kg fw) and flavonoids (450.5 mg RE per kg fw). Line HLT-F71 showed the highest HAA (148.0 µM Trolox per 100 g fw and 4.2 mM FRAP per g fw) and LAA values (258.5 µM Trolox per 100 g fw and 3.2 mM FRAP per g fw respectively). Colour readings in red ripe fresh cut tomato berries particularly a∗, b∗ and the ratio a∗/b∗ could represent an indicator not only for lycopene but also for other phytochemicals and resulting antioxidant activities. HLT-Lines may serve as a starting point for the development of semi-determinate growth habit tomato cultivars with higher functional quality.
Pharmacological Evaluation of Novel Organoiron Dendrimers as Antimicrobial and Anti-Inflammatory Agents.

The synthesis of a novel and attractive class of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial organoiron dendrimers attached to the well-known drug ibuprofen is achieved. The structures of these dendrimers are established by spectroscopic and analytical techniques. The antimicrobial activity of these dendrimers is investigated and tested against five human pathogenic Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, and minimum inhibitory concentrations are reported. Some of these synthesized dendrimers exhibit higher inhibitory activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium, and Staphylococcus warneri compare to the reference drugs. As well, the in vitro and in vivo anti-inflammatory activities of these dendrimers are evaluated. The results of in vivo anti-inflammatory activity and histopathology of inflamed paws show that all dendrimers display considerable anti-inflammatory activity; however, second-generation dendrimer (G2-D6) shows the best anti-inflammatory activity, which is more potent than the commercial drug ibuprofen at the same tested dose. Results of the toxicity study reveal that G2-D6 is the safest drug on biological tissues.
Can ancient and modern stressors be distinguished? A mixed-methods exploration of psychosocial characteristics and health symptoms in young and older adults

A novel conceptualisation of stress includes a distinction between ancient (AS) and modern stressors (MS); the notion that established adaptive psychophysiological coping processes may enable individuals to better withstand AS than MS. Two consecutive mixed-methods studies assessed the feasibility of distinguishing between AS and MS in young and older adults, using questionnaires and interviews. MS were positively associated with cold symptoms in older adults; and five psychosocial characteristics were identified to profile AS and MS along a continuum. An evolutionary distinction between AS and MS provides an important psychological dimension in better understanding and assessing stress-health processes.
A review of Listeria monocytogenes from meat and meat products: Epidemiology, virulence factors, antimicrobial resistance and diagnosis

Listeria monocytogenes is a zoonotic food-borne pathogen that is associated with serious public health and economic implications. In animals, L. monocytogenes can be associated with clinical listeriosis, which is characterised by symptoms such as abortion, encephalitis and septicaemia. In human beings, listeriosis symptoms include encephalitis, septicaemia and meningitis. In addition, listeriosis may cause gastroenteric symptoms in human beings and still births or spontaneous abortions in pregnant women. In the last few years, a number of reported outbreaks and sporadic cases associated with consumption of contaminated meat and meat products with L. monocytogenes have increased in developing countries. A variety of virulence factors play a role in the pathogenicity of L. monocytogenes. This zoonotic pathogen can be diagnosed using both classical microbiological techniques and molecular-based methods. There is limited information about L. monocytogenes recovered from meat and meat products in African countries. This review strives to: (1) provide information on prevalence and control measures of L. monocytogenes along the meat value chain, (2) describe the epidemiology of L. monocytogenes (3) provide an overview of different methods for detection and typing of L. monocytogenes for epidemiological, regulatory and trading purposes and (4) discuss the pathogenicity, virulence traits and antimicrobial resistance profiles of L. monocytogenes.
Temporospatial aggregation of three individuals with idiopathic sudden onset low-tone sensorineural hearing loss

Abstract Objective To report temporospatial aggregation of low-tone sudden onset sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL) and provide plausible aetiological explanations. Design Retrospective analysis of records of patients, including medical notes, clinic letters, audiology reports, blood test and imaging results after occurrence of low-tone SSNHL. Study sample Three patients working in the same department and presenting with low-frequency SSNHL between March and July 2019. Results There was complete symptom resolution in two of the three cases, one treated with oral and one with intratympanic steroid administration, whereas low-tone SSNHL persisted in the third case. Probability of events occurring randomly was calculated and it was suggested that the three cases were highly unlikely to be independent events. Conclusions This is the first report of temporospatial aggregation of acute low-tone idiopathic SSNHL. Our findings support that an environmental or transmissible agent could underlie aetiology in at least a proportion of such cases.
The roles of women empowerment on attitude for safer sex negotiation among Indonesian married women

ABSTRACT The situation of low women empowerment in household settings might influence women’s attitude and ability to negotiate for protected sex in their marital relationship. This study aimed to investigate the association between women empowerment factors and the attitude for safer sex negotiation among Indonesian married women. The secondary data of 28,934 individual records of married women retrieved from the 2017 Indonesia Demographic and Health Survey (IDHS) was used. The dependent variable was the attitude for safer sex negotiation measured by women’s acceptance toward a justification to ask her husband to use a condom if her husband has a sexually transmitted disease. Multivariate logistic regression analysis accounting for the complex survey design was performed. The results showed that women empowerment factors, that include higher level of education and participation in household decision-making had a positive effect on women’s attitude for protected sex. Those women with higher levels of HIV knowledge and whoever talked about HIV with their husbands were also more likely to justify for protected sex. Therefore, women empowerment through education, improving socioeconomic conditions, and increasing HIV-related knowledge can help develop a positive attitude and enable women to negotiate for safer sex with their partners.
Anthraquinones with Antibacterial Activities from Crucianella maritima L. Growing in Egypt

From the extracts of Crucianella maritima L. (Rubiaceae), five new anthraquinones namely; 1-hydroxy-2-methyl-6-methoxy anthraquinone, 6-methoxy-2-methyl quinizarin, 6-methyl-anthragallol-2,3-dimethyl ether, 6-methyl-anthragallol-2-methyl ether, and 1-hydroxy-2-carbomethoxyanthraquinone were isolated and identified. In addition, deacetyl asperulosidic acid 6'-glucoside sodium salt, a new iridoid diglucoside, along with twelve known anthraquinones, three flavonols, three sterols, and one triterpene were also isolated and identified for the first time from this plant. Their chemical structures were established by physical, chemical and spectroscopic data, including UV, MS, ID- and 2D-NMR analyses. The antimicrobial, cytotoxic activities and a preliminary clinical trial of the crude extracts and some isolates are also presented. Chemotaxonomical aspects are briefly discussed.
Histopathological changes of apple bark infected by Valsa ceratosperma (Tode ex Fr.) Maire during dormant and growing periods

リンゴ腐らん病病斑の進展の過程を時期別に病態組織学的に観察した。 リンゴ樹の休眠期には,病原菌は樹皮組織内を単独の菌糸で進展し,菌糸進展部に先行した組織では細胞の収縮と軽微な褐変が認められた。 5月にも単独菌糸が樹皮組織内を進展するが,菌糸進展部における寄主組織の褐変は顕著となった。 気温が高くなるにつれて,組織の褐変はさらに顕著となり,健全組織との間の2∼3層から数10層の細胞壁はリグニン化し,さらにその外側に傷痍木栓組織が形成された。 このような一連の変化によって,病原菌の菌糸は集合しやがて木栓組織を突破する。 菌糸の集団的な樹皮組織の進展と木栓組織の新生が繰り返され,その結果,病斑の進展は緩慢になる。 最も樹体活性の高い8月には菌糸の進展に対し寄主組織は速やかに反応し,3∼7層の厚膜コルク化細胞より成る木栓組織を形成し,これにより病原菌の進展はほぼ完全に阻止された。 しかし,10月になると,罹病組織と木栓組織の間隙内で増殖した集塊状菌糸は木栓組織形成の不十分な部分から健全組織内へ再び進展した。 リンゴ休眠期に人為的に樹皮に付傷した場合,5月中旬まで木栓組織の形成は認められないが,夏期に付傷したときは2週間後に木栓組織が形成された。 すなわち,傷痍木栓組織の発達の速さや程度は季節によって著しく異なり,それによって発病およびその後の病斑進展が左右される。
Characterising variability and predictors of infant mortality in urban settings: findings from 286 Latin American cities

Background Urbanisation in Latin America (LA) is heterogeneous and could have varying implications for infant mortality (IM). Identifying city factors related to IM can help design policies that promote infant health in cities. Methods We quantified variability in infant mortality rates (IMR) across cities and examined associations between urban characteristics and IMR in a cross-sectional design. We estimated IMR for the period 2014–2016 using vital registration for 286 cities above 100 000 people in eight countries. Using national censuses, we calculated population size, growth and three socioeconomic scores reflecting living conditions, service provision and population educational attainment. We included mass transit availability of bus rapid transit and subway. Using Poisson multilevel regression, we estimated the per cent difference in IMR for a one SD (1SD) difference in city-level predictors. Results Of the 286 cities, 130 had <250 000 inhabitants and 5 had >5 million. Overall IMR was 11.2 deaths/1000 live births. 57% of the total IMR variability across cities was within countries. Higher population growth, better living conditions, better service provision and mass transit availability were associated with 6.0% (95% CI −8.3 to 3.7%), 14.1% (95% CI −18.6 to −9.2), 11.4% (95% CI −16.1 to −6.4) and 6.6% (95% CI −9.2 to −3.9) lower IMR, respectively. Greater population size was associated with higher IMR. No association was observed for population-level educational attainment in the overall sample. Conclusion Improving living conditions, service provision and public transportation in cities may have a positive impact on reducing IMR in LA cities.
Second Victim Experience and Support Tool: Persian translation and psychometric characteristics evaluation.

BACKGROUND Healthcare providers involved in an unexpected adverse patient safety event are affected by negative outcomes of the event and are called 'second victims'. The Second Victim Experience and Support Tool has been introduced as a reliable and valid measure to assess the second victim responses and to support recourses of healthcare professionals. AIM The core objective of this survey was to assess the psychometric attributes of the scale within Iranian nurse. METHODS Having translated the scale based on the WHO guidelines and assessing its face validity, a board of 8 specialists assessed the content validity of the measure. In order to assess the psychometric characteristics of the questionnaire, a survey was conducted in 5 university-affiliated hospitals of Urmia. Confirmatory factor analysis is adopted to assess the construct validity. The internal consistency and test-retest reliability of the scale were determined. RESULTS The Persian version of the scale consists of 29 items and 9 subscales. Confirmatory factor analysis illustrated that the scale reflects a foolproof construct validity. Cronbach α coefficients revealed the reliability of the scale (0.68-0.88). CONCLUSIONS The survey proves to be a reliable and valid measure to evaluate the second victim responses and conceivable support resources of Iranian nurses or other Persian-speaking healthcare professionals of the region. IMPLICATIONS FOR HEALTH POLICY AND PRACTICE Health policymakers ought to build up large-scale surveys to determine the degree of second victimization of healthcare professionals so as to offer suitable support systems. Taking the scale into account would improve evaluation of the benefits of second victim support initiatives in nursing practice.
Novel 5‐point 18‐FDG‐PET/CT visual scoring system for assessing treatment response in patients with oesophageal or gastro‐oesophageal junction carcinoma

The purpose of this study was to investigate the prognostic utility and reproducibility of a qualitative 5‐point 18‐fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG)‐PET primary visual score (PVS) in patients with oesophageal and gastro‐oesophageal junction (GOJ) cancer.