Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Superposed standing waves in a Timoshenko beam

A wave mechanics approach is used to solve the Timoshenko beam equation, revealing that two waves exist. One is called the sa–wave and the other the sb–wave. These two waves are found to be the basic constituent components of the mode shapes of the beam. An experiment was carried out and the measured mode shapes of a free–free beam are shown to consist of one sa–wave and one sb–wave in superposition for each of the modes. The measured sa–wave and sb–wave exhibit the Rayleigh–Lamb first (with anomalous dispersion) and Rayleigh–Lamb second (with normal dispersion) flexural modes, respectively. The issue of the second spectrum is addressed and it is shown that, within the measurable frequency range, Rayleigh–Lamb second flexural modes are present in the free–free beam. The sb–wave is identified as the second–spectrum mode. The role of shear deformation is also investigated in explaining the basic difference in the behaviour of the sa– and sb–waves. This paper also contributes to a physical interpretation of the hyperbolic functions in the classical solution of beam vibration problems.
Organ Specificity of the Heart

Rabbits, guinea pigs and rats were immunized against saline extracts of hearts of heterologous species and the antisera examined in a battery of tests. Gel precipitation, complement fixation, latex agglutination and passive cutaneous anaphylaxis tests all showed cross-reactions between the immunizing heart and other organs of the immunizing species (species-specific reaction). Antiheart antisera reacted in the tanned red cell hemagglutination system with all hearts examined, including that of the immunized animal itself, demonstrating the presence of an organ specific antigen. The specificity of this common heart antigen was confirmed in hemagglutination-inhibition and neutralization tests.
Recall of hierarchically structured melodic sequences

Two experiments are described which investigate recall of hierarchically organized melodic sequences. An adaptation of the technique of melodic dictation was employed, in which musically trained listeners notated each sequence after it was presented. All sequences were 12 tones in length. Pronounced effects of sequence structure were demonstrated. For those sequences that could be parsimoniously encoded in hierarchical fashion, near‐perfect recall was obtained. Performance was substantially inferior for sequences that could not be parsimoniously encoded. The effect of temporal segmentation was also investigated, and this was found to have a powerful effect on perceived structure, virtually overriding that of tonal structure. Temporal groupings tended to be retained or lost in an all‐or‐none fashion. These findings are related to the theoretical assumption that we encode tonal materials by inferring sequence structures and alphabets at different hierarchical levels, together with rules of combination. [Wor.
Energy flux driven by electrostatic turbulence in the RFX edge plasma

The electron energy flux driven by electrostatic turbulence has been measured for the first time in the edge region of the RFX reversed field pinch experiment using triple Langmuir probes. The energy flux has been found to be almost entirely convective. The total energy loss due to electrostatic turbulence has been estimated to account for 30% of the overall transport losses.
The Interannual Variability of Tropical Cyclones

Abstract This paper examines the interannual variability of tropical cyclones in each of the earth’s cyclone basins using data from 1985 to 2003. The data are first analyzed using a Monte Carlo technique to investigate the long-standing myth that the global number of tropical cyclones is less variable than would be expected from examination of the variability in each basin. This belief is found to be false. Variations in the global number of all tropical cyclones are indistinguishable from those that would be expected if each basin was examined independently of the others. Furthermore, the global number of the most intense storms (Saffir–Simpson categories 4–5) is actually more variable than would be expected because of an observed tendency for storm activity to be correlated between basins, and this raises important questions as to how and why these correlations arise. Interbasin correlations and factor analysis of patterns of tropical cyclone activity reveal that there are several significant modes of v.
Linear Stability of Incompressible Flow Using a Mixed Finite Element Method

We analyzed the linear stability for incompressible flow using the mixed finite element method. First, by means of the fractional step finite element method, the two-dimensional base flows were numerically computed over a range of Reynolds numbers, and then they were perturbed with three-dimensional disturbances. By using linear stability and normal mode analysis, we obtained the partial differential equations governing the evolution of perturbation from linearized Navier? Stokes equations with slight compressibility. In terms of the mixed finite element discretization (in which six-node quadratic Lagrange triangular elements with quadratic interpolation for velocities (P2) and three-node linear Lagrange triangular elements for pressure (P1) were used), a nonsingular generalized eigenproblem was formulated from these equations whose solution gives the dispersion relationship between the complex growth rate and the wave number. We examined the stability of lid-driven cavity flow in this study. The stability results obtained from theP2P1elements were compared with those fromP1P1elements. The spatial distribution of the pressure disturbance can be smoothed by using aP2P1element (such as that in the simulation of incompressible flows by the mixed finite element method); however, the choice of elemental type has little influence on the stability results. This study presents stability curves to identify the critical Reynolds number and the critical wavelength of the neutral mode and discusses the instability mechanism. The Taylor? Goertler-like vortices in the cavity were obtained by means of the reconstruction of three-dimensional flows. The stability results and the reconstructed three-dimensional flows were in agreement with the observed ones and the other numerical stability results, respectively.
Femtosecond electron diffraction: heralding the era of atomically resolved dynamics

One of the great dream experiments in Science is to directly observe atomic motions as they occur. Femtosecond electron diffraction provided the first ‘light’ of sufficient intensity to achieve this goal by attaining atomic resolution to structural changes on the relevant timescales. This review covers the technical progress that made this new level of acuity possible and gives a survey of the new insights gained from an atomic level perspective of structural dynamics. Atomic level views of the simplest possible structural transition, melting, are discussed for a number of systems in which both thermal and purely electronically driven atomic displacements can be correlated with the degree of directional bonding. Optical manipulation of charge distributions and effects on interatomic forces/bonding can be directly observed through the ensuing atomic motions. New phenomena involving strongly correlated electron–lattice systems are also discussed in which optically induced changes in the potential energy landscape lead to ballistic structural changes. Concepts such as the structural order parameters are now directly observable at the atomic level of inspection to give a remarkable view of the extraordinary degree of cooperativity involved in strongly correlated electron–lattice systems. These recent examples, in combination with time-resolved real space imaging now possible with electron probes, are truly defining an emerging field that holds great promise to make a significant impact in how we understand structural dynamics. This article is dedicated to the memory of Professor David John Hugh Cockayne, a world leader in electron microscopy, who sadly passed away in December.
Internal Relevance between Analysts’ Forecasts and Target Prices - Informativeness and Investment Value

ABSTRACT Analysts’ decision-making process, through which they use earnings and non-earnings forecasts to provide their target price revisions, remains opaque. Based on the decision tree analysis, we develop a new multivariate information metric, Internal Relevance (IR), to measure the extent to which the revisions of analysts’ consensus earnings and sales forecasts are incorporated into the revisions of consensus target prices. We show that stocks with higher IR have stronger market reactions to target price revisions in terms of abnormal return, abnormal trading volume, and abnormal return volatility. These results remain consistent across a series of robustness checks. Finally, we perform portfolio analysis to show that IR can be used to screen stocks to improve trading profitability.
Survey of Millennial and Generation Z Response to Native Advertising Trends in Online News Portal

Native advertising is a commercial message wrapped in an informative article that borrows the credibility of the newsroom, which is a crucial issue in the realm of journalism and advertising. This research aims to determine the trend of audience response in the Millennial generation and Z generation in responding to native advertising content on online news portals. Using the Persuasion Knowledge Model theory, this study used a quantitative approach by surveying 401 respondents. The research results show that the audience response is positive towards native advertising, with a percentage of 76.16%. In addition, respondents also provided support for native advertising as an innovation in the field of advertising to continue to develop in Indonesia.Native advertising adalah pesan komersial dibalut artikel informatif yang meminjam kredibilitas ruang redaksi yang menjadi isu krusial dalam ranah jurnalisme dan periklanan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui kecenderungan respons audiens pada generasi Milenial dan generasi Z dalam menanggapi konten native advertising di portal berita daring. Dengan menggunakan teori Model Pengetahuan Persuasi, penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan melakukan survei kepada 401 responden. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa respons audiens positif terhadap native advertising dengan persentase sebesar 76,16%. Selain itu, responden turut memberi dukungan bagi native advertising sebagai inovasi dalam bidang periklanan untuk terus berkembang di Indonesia.
On a conditionally Poissonian graph process

Random (pseudo)graphs G N with the following structure are studied: first, independent and identically distributed capacities Λ i are drawn for vertices i = 1, …, N; then, each pair of vertices (i, j) is connected, independently of the other pairs, with E(i, j) edges, where E(i, j) has distribution Poisson(Λ i Λ j / ∑ k=1 N Λ k ). The main result of the paper is that when P(Λ1 > x) ≥ x −τ+1, where τ ∈ (2, 3), then, asymptotically almost surely, G N has a giant component, and the distance between two randomly selected vertices of the giant component is less than (2 + o(N))(log log N)/(-log (τ − 2)). It is also shown that the cases τ > 3, τ ∈ (2, 3), and τ ∈ (1, 2) present three qualitatively different connectivity architectures.
Some Results About Standardization for a Non Confounder in Estimators of (log) Relative Risk

Confounding is very fundamental to the design and analysis of studies of causal effects. A variable is not a confounder if it is not a risk factor to disease or if it has the same distribution in the exposed and unexposed population. Whether or not to adjust for a non confounder to improve the precision of estimation has been argued by many authors. This article shows that if C is a non confounder, the pooled and standardized (log) relative risk estimators are asymptotic normal distributions with the mean being the true (log) relative risk, and that the asymptotic variance of the pooled (log) relative risk estimator is less than that of the stratified estimator.
First-principles investigation of high-κ dielectrics: Comparison between the silicates and oxides of hafnium and zirconium

Using density-functional theory, we investigate the structural, vibrational, and dielectric properties of Hf and Zr oxides and silicates which have drawn considerable attention as alternative high-kappa materials. For the silicates, we consider hafnon HfSiO4 and zircon ZrSiO4; while for the oxides, we study the cubic and tetragonal phases of HfO2 and ZrO2. Special emphasis is put on the analysis of the differences and similarities between Hf and Zr in these materials. In particular, we discuss the Born effective charge tensors, the phonon frequencies at the Gamma point of the Brillouin zone, and the dielectric permittivity tensors. Our study reveals very similar properties of Hf and Zr compounds, which are essentially related to the chemical homology of Hf and Zr.
Pendidikan Karakter Cinta Tanah Air dan Kedisiplinan Dalam Kegiatan Upacara Bendera di Sekolah Dasar DKI Jakarta

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui peran cinta tanah air terhadap kedisiplinan siswa di Sekolah Dasar DKI Jakarta. Dalam penelitian ini terdiri dari 40 peserta didik dari Sekolah Dasar DKI Jakarta sebagai sampel penelitian. Data dikumpulkan dengan memakai skala cinta tanah air dan skala kedisiplinan dan dianalisis memakai analisis regresi berganda dan teknik korelasi parsial. Hasil analisis data menampilkan kedudukan signifikan positif antara cinta tanah air terhadap kedisiplinan yang menampilkan F = 10,476269, Significance F = 0,002509 (alpha < 0,05). Peran serta efektif cinta tanah air terhadap kedisiplinan menampilkan 19,5% dan sekitar (80,5%) diakibatkan oleh beberapa faktor lain yang tidak fokus dalam penelitian ini. Oleh sebab itu, dapat disimpulkan dari hasil analisis, ditemui kedudukan signifikan positif dalam cinta tanah air terhadap kedisiplinan. Semakin besar skor cinta tanah air, semakin besar skor kedisiplinan. Di sisi lain, jika skor cinta tanah air rendah, semakin rendah juga skor kedisiplinan.Kata Kunci: Pendidikan; Peran Cinta Tanah Air; Karakter Kedisiplin; Upacara Nasional
A Nonhorseshoe Template in a Chaotic Laser Model

We have performed a topological analysis of a chaotic regime of a modulated single-mode class-B laser model, at realistic parameter values. In contrast with previous numerical and experimental studies of this type of laser, we observe a topological structure which differs from the one described by the paradigmatic horseshoe template. In view of this result, class-B lasers appear to be good candidates for the first clear characterization of a nonhorseshoe template in an experimental system.
All-Solid-State Interdigitated Micro-Supercapacitors Based on Porous Gold Electrodes

Recent developments in embedded electronics require the development of micro sources of energy. In this paper, the fabrication of an on-chip interdigitated all-solid-state supercapacitor, using porous gold electrodes and a PVA/KOH quasisolid electrolyte, is demonstrated. The fabrication of the interdigitated porous gold electrode is performed using an original bottom-up approach. A templating method is used for porosity, using a wet chemistry process followed by microfabrication techniques. This paper reports the first example of an all-gold electrode micro-supercapacitor. The supercapacitor exhibits a specific capacitance equal to 0.28 mF·cm−2 and a specific energy of 0.14 mJ·cm−2. The capacitance value remains stable up to more than 8000 cycles.
Genome-Wide DNA Methylation Differences between Bos indicus and Bos taurus

Simple Summary Domestic cattle are one of the indispensable economic animals in human production and life, and zebu (Bos indicus), as one type of the domestic cattle breeds, has unique characteristics, especially disease resistance and economic traits, but the epigenetic basis underlying zebu’s merit traits is still to be studied. Therefore, in this study, we used Yunnan zebu as a representative of zebu and analyzed the differences in DNA methylation between zebu and taurine cattle (Bos taurus) using whole-genome bisulfite sequencing technology. We found no significant differences in the DNA methylation patterns between the two cattle types but identified many pathways and candidate genes associated with disease, disease resistance, and economic traits. The results of this study may provide a foundation for further screening of characteristic epigenetic molecular markers in zebu, thus providing theoretical support for the genetic improvement of domestic cattle. Abstract Disease risk is a persistent problem in domestic cattle farming, while economic traits are the main concern. This study aimed to reveal the epigenetic basis for differences between zebu (Bos indicus) and taurine cattle (Bos taurus) in disease, disease resistance, and economic traits, and provide a theoretical basis for the genetic improvement of domestic cattle. In this study, whole genome bisulfite sequencing (WGBS) was used to analyze the whole-genome methylation of spleen and liver samples from Yunnan zebu and Holstein cattle. In the genome-wide methylation pattern analysis, it was found that the methylation pattern of all samples was dominated by the CG type, which accounted for >94.9%. The DNA methylation levels of different functional regions and transcriptional elements in the CG background varied widely. However, the methylation levels of different samples in the same functional regions or transcriptional elements did not differ significantly. In addition, we identified a large number of differentially methylation region (DMR) in both the spleen and liver groups, of which 4713 and 4663 were annotated to functional elements, and most of them were annotated to the intronic and exonic regions of genes. GO and KEGG functional analysis of the same differentially methylation region (DMG) in the spleen and liver groups revealed that significantly enriched pathways were involved in neurological, disease, and growth functions. As a result of the results of DMR localization, we screened six genes (DNM3, INPP4B, PLD, PCYT1B, KCNN2, and SLIT3) that were tissue-specific candidates for economic traits, disease, and disease resistance in Yunnan zebu. In this study, DNA methylation was used to construct links between genotypes and phenotypes in domestic cattle, providing useful information for further screening of epigenetic molecular markers in zebu and taurine cattle.
Ambiguity related to French liaisons: The role of bottom-up and top-down processes

French liaison is a phonological process involving the surfacing of an underlying floating consonant as the onset of a vowel-initial word when the word is preceded by a liaison-causing word. We used vowel- and consonant-initial ambiguous target words following four liaison-related contexts /z/, /n/, /t/, /r/ (e.g., ces onches - ces zonches). Targets included nouns and pseudo-nouns. Quebec-French-speaking adults performed a production task in which they produced the last word upon hearing each phrase. Their productions thus reflected their interpretation of the onset of the liaison-ambiguous words. One bottom-up (acoustic cues) and three top-down (noun token frequency, word onset probability, contextual liaison knowledge) factors were investigated. Acoustic cues did not guide listeners' interpretation of the word forms, since they often produced the targets incorrectly. Moreover, vowel- and consonant-initial ambiguous targets largely yielded the same pattern of responses. Among the top-down factors, contex.
Implementation of a double moment cloud microphysics scheme in the UK met office regional numerical weather prediction model

Cloud microphysics parametrizations control the transfer of water between phases and hydrometeor species in numerical weather prediction and climate models. As a fundamental component of weather modelling systems cloud microphysics can determine the intensity and timing of precipitation, the extent and longevity of cloud cover and its impact on radiative balance, and directly influence near surface weather metrics such as temperature and wind. In this paper we introduce and demonstrate the performance of a double moment cloud microphysical scheme (CASIM: Cloud AeroSol Interacting Microphysics) in both midlatitude and tropical settings using the same model configuration. Comparisons are made against a control configuration using the current operational single moment cloud microphysics, and CASIM configurations that use fixed in‐cloud droplet number or compute cloud droplet number concentration from the aerosol environment. We demonstrate that configuring CASIM as a single moment scheme results in precipitation rate histograms that match the operational single moment microphysics. In the midlatitude setting, results indicate that CASIM performs as well as the single moment microphysics configuration, but improves certain aspects of the surface precipitation field such as greater extent of light ( <$$ < $$ 1 mm ·$$ \cdotp $$ hr −1$$ {}^{-1} $$ ) rain around frontal precipitation features. In the tropical setting, CASIM outperforms the single moment cloud microphysics as evident from improved comparison with radar derived precipitation rates.
Memory-Improving Activity of the Flower Extract from Chrysanthemum boreale (Makino) Maskino in Scopolamine-Treated Rodents

One of the factors related to the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease, a disease characterized by gradual cognitive and memory impairment, is an inflammatory process induced by the amyloid-β-mediated activation of microglia. In the present study, an extract of the Chrysanthemum boreale (Makino) Makino (CB) flower, which has inhibitory effects on inflammation and the production of phosphorylated tau in cells, was investigated for its ameliorative effect on memory dysfunction in scopolamine-treated Alzheimer’s disease models. The CB-extract-diet-administered groups, which were treated chronically with scopolamine (intraperitoneal), showed increased spontaneous alterations (12.5–15.5% increase) in the Y-maze test and latency to escape (3.7–6.7-fold increase) in the passive avoidance test, compared to the negative control (NC) group. Rats administered the CB extract also showed a higher tendency (66–86% increase) of hippocampal brain-derived neurotrophic factor expression than NC rats. Moreover, the ratio of phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase in the CB-extract-administered group was lower (48.0–52.2%) than that (100%) in the NC group. In the Morris water maze test conducted on the fifth day, the free-swimming times of the CB-extract-administered mice that were also treated with scopolamine for a short time (5 d) increased (51.7–56.1%) significantly compared to those of the NC mice. Finally, high-performance liquid chromatography analysis confirmed that isochlorogenic acid A, linarin, and chlorogenic acid are the major phenolic components of the CB extract. These results suggest that the extract of CB flowers might be useful as a functional material with memory-enhancing effects.