Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Normal Approximation for Semiparametric Averaged Derivatives

With the same normalization as that for standard parametric statistics, and centered at a parameter of interest, many semiparametric estimates based on n observations have been shown to be root-n-consistent and asymptotically normal. In the context of semiparametric averaged derivative estimates, the author goes further by showing that the rate of convergence of the finite-sample distribution to the normal limit distribution can equal that of standard parametric statistics. Copyright 1995 by The Econometric Society.
One loop predictions of the finely tuned supersymmetric standard model

We study the finely tuned supersymmetric standard model, recently proposed by Arkani-Hamed and Dimopoulos, at the one loop level. The runnings of the four gaugino Yukawa couplings, the {mu} term, the gaugino masses, and the Higgs quartic coupling are computed. The Higgs mass is found to be 130-170 GeV for M{sub s}>10{sup 6} GeV. Measuring the Yukawa coupling constants at the 10% level can begin to constrain the supersymmetry breaking scale. Measuring the relationships between the couplings will provide a striking signal for this model.
EUV Flare Activity in Late-Type Stars

\textit{Extreme Ultraviolet Explorer} Deep Survey observations of cool stars (spectral type F to M) have been used to investigate the distribution of coronal flare rates in energy and its relation to activity indicators and rotation parameters. Cumulative and differential flare rate distributions were constructed and fitted with different methods. Power laws are found to approximately describe the distributions. A trend toward flatter distributions for later-type stars is suggested in our sample. Assuming that the power laws continue below the detection limit, we have estimated that the superposition of flares with radiated energies of about $10^{29}-10^{31}$ergs could explain the observed radiative power loss of these coronae, while the detected flares are contributing only $\approx 10$%. While the power-law index is not correlated with rotation parameters (rotation period, projected rotational velocity, Rossby number) and only marginally with the X-ray luminosity, the flare occurrence rate is correlated with all of them. The occurrence rate of flares with energies larger than $10^{32}$ergs is found to be proportional to the average total stellar X-ray luminosity. Thus, energetic flares occur more often in X-ray bright stars than in X-ray faint stars. The normalized occurrence rate of flares with energies larger than $10^{32}$ergs increases with increasing \lxlbol and stays constant for saturated stars. A similar saturation is found below a critical Rossby number. The findings are discussed in terms of simple statistical flare models in an attempt to explain the previously observed trend for higher average coronal temperatures in more active stars. It is concluded that flares can contribute a significant amount of energy to coronal heating in active stars.
TWANG-PIC, a novel gyro-averaged one-dimensional particle-in-cell code for interpretation of gyrotron experiments

A new gyrotron simulation code for simulating the beam-wave interaction using a monomode time-dependent self-consistent model is presented. The new code TWANG-PIC is derived from the trajectory-based code TWANG by describing the electron motion in a gyro-averaged one-dimensional Particle-In-Cell (PIC) approach. In comparison to common PIC-codes, it is distinguished by its computation speed, which makes its use in parameter scans and in experiment interpretation possible. A benchmark of the new code is presented as well as a comparative study between the two codes. This study shows that the inclusion of a time-dependence in the electron equations, as it is the case in the PIC-approach, is mandatory for simulating any kind of non-stationary oscillations in gyrotrons. Finally, the new code is compared with experimental results and some implications of the violated model assumptions in the TWANG code are disclosed for a gyrotron experiment in which non-stationary regimes have been observed and for a critical case that is of interest in high power gyrotron development.
Development of Statistical Typhoon Intensity Prediction: Application to Satellite-Observed Surface Evaporation and Rain Rate (STIPER)

AbstractA statistical–dynamical model has been used for operational guidance for tropical cyclone (TC) intensity prediction. In this study, several multiple linear regression models and neural network (NN) models are developed for the intensity prediction of western North Pacific TCs at 24-, 48-, and 72-h intervals. The multiple linear regression models include a model of climatology and persistence (CLIPER), a model based on the Statistical Typhoon Intensity Prediction System (STIPS), which serves as the base regression model (BASE), and a model of STIPS with additional satellite estimates of surface evaporation (SLHF) and inner-core rain rate (IRR, STIPER model). A revised equation for the TC maximum potential intensity is derived using Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission Microwave Imager optimally interpolated sea surface temperature data, which have higher temporal and spatial resolutions. Analyses of the resulting models show the marginal improvement of STIPER over BASE. However, IRR and SLHF are fou.
Mini-Workshop: Statistical Methods for Inverse Problems

There are prepared 1-amino-2-mercapto-2-methylpropyl phosphonic acid or 1-amino-2-mercapto-2-methylpropyl alkylphosphinic acids of the formula in which Y is hydroxy or an alkyl group by reacting thiazoline-(3) with a phosphonic acid dialkyl ester or an alkylphosphinic acid alkyl ester and then hydrolytically splitting the thiazolidinyl phosphonic acid dialkyl ester or thiazolidinyl alkylphosphinic acid alkyl ester. The thiazolidinyl compounds are new compounds. The 1-amino-2-mercapto-2-methylpropyl phosphonic acid and the 1-amino-2-mercapto-2-methylpropyl alkylphosphinic acids are needed for pharmaceutical purposes.
Flow visualization of a vortex ring interaction with porous surfaces

The interaction of vortex rings of constant Reynolds number with porous surfaces composed of wire meshes of constant open area, i.e., surface porosity, but variable wire diameter is studied using flow visualization. The results indicate that several regimes of flow behavior exist in the parameter space investigated. The vortex ring passes through and immediately reforms downstream of the surface for porous surfaces with small wire mesh diameters. The transmitted vortex ring has the same diameter, but lower convection speed and circulation than the pre-interaction vortex ring. For these cases, secondary vortex rings are formed on the upstream side of the porous surface that convect upstream away from the screen. As the wire diameter of the porous surface is increased, smaller sub-scale vortical structures are formed on the transmitted vortex ring as it passes through the surface. The spatial scale of these structures is dependent on the diameter of the mesh wire. The vortex ring is disrupted but is able to.
On the role of different age groups in propagating Omicron epidemics in France

Background: There is limited information on the role of different age groups in propagating SARSCoV2 epidemics driven by the Omicron variants. Methods: We examined the role of individuals in different age groups in propagating the Spring, Summer, and Autumn waves of the Omicron epidemics in France using the previously developed methodology based on the relative risk (RR) statistic that measures the change in the proportion of an age group among all cases admitted to ICU for COVID19 before vs. after the peak of an epidemic wave. Higher value of the RR statistic for a given age group suggests a disproportionate depletion of susceptible individuals in that age group during the ascent of the epidemic (due to increased contact rates and/or susceptibility to infection). Results: For the Spring wave (March 14 through May 15), the highest RR estimate belonged to children aged 10 to 19y (RR=1.92 (95% CI (1.18,3.12)), followed by adults aged 40 to 49y (RR=1.45 (1.09,1.93)) and children aged 0 to 9y (RR=1.31 (0.98,1.74)). For the Summer wave (June 27 through Aug. 21), the highest RR estimate belonged to children aged 0 to 9y (RR=1.61 (1.12,2.3)) followed by children aged 10 to 19y (RR=1.46 (0.72,2.93)) and adults aged 20 to 29y (RR=1.42 (0.91,2.23)). For the Autumn wave (Sep. 18 through Nov. 12), the highest RR estimate belonged to children aged 10 to 19y (RR=1.63 (0.72,3.71)), followed by adults aged 30 to 34y (RR=1.34 (0.8,2.25)) and 20 to 24y (RR=1.20 (0.65,2.21)). Conclusions: Children aged 10 to 19y played the greatest relative role in propagating Omicron epidemics, particularly when schools were open, followed by children aged 0 to 9y and adults aged 20 to 29y, as well as adults aged 30 to 49y. Persons aged over 50y played a more limited role in propagating Omicron infection in the community. Additional efforts are needed to increase vaccination coverage in children aged 10 to 19y, as well as younger children and young adults to mitigate Omicron epidemics in the community.
Functional activation of right temporal and occipital cortex in processing tonal melodies

Cerebral blood flow changes were measured to examine the cortical basis for perceptual analysis of musical information. Twelve normal right‐handed volunteers underwent positron emission tomography (PET) scanning using the bolus water technique while listening to two types of stimuli: (1) unfamiliar tonal melodies, and (2) sequences of noise bursts, acoustically matched to the melodies for duration, intensity, and onset/offset characteristics. Subtracting the latter from the former PET image provides information regarding melodic processing beyond that associated with nonspecific auditory stimulation. Anatomical localization was provided by superimposing the average PET subtraction image on the average magnetic resonance image for the subjects tested. Results indicated significant increases in blood flow while listening to melodies in the right associative auditory cortex, suggesting that specialized neural systems in the right temporal lobe participate in higher‐order perceptual analysis. In addition, regions of significant activity were observed in the right occipital lobe, within areas classically described as associative visual cortex. This result may implicate these regions in hitherto unexplored aspects of auditory processings, or may possibly reflect engagement of visuospatial processing mechanisms in perception of melodies.Cerebral blood flow changes were measured to examine the cortical basis for perceptual analysis of musical information. Twelve normal right‐handed volunteers underwent positron emission tomography (PET) scanning using the bolus water technique while listening to two types of stimuli: (1) unfamiliar tonal melodies, and (2) sequences of noise bursts, acoustically matched to the melodies for duration, intensity, and onset/offset characteristics. Subtracting the latter from the former PET image provides information regarding melodic processing beyond that associated with nonspecific auditory stimulation. Anatomical localization was provided by superimposing the average PET subtraction image on the average magnetic resonance image for the subjects tested. Results indicated significant increases in blood flow while listening to melodies in the right associative auditory cortex, suggesting that specialized neural systems in the right temporal lobe participate in higher‐order perceptual analysis. In addition, reg.
Testing for Polynomial Regression Using Nonparametric Regression Techniques

Abstract In regression analysis, it is important to test the validity of the assumed model prior to making inferences regarding the population of interest. In this investigation, we utilize nonparametric regression techniques to test the validity of a kth order polynomial regression model. The departures from the polynomial model are assumed to belong to a smooth class of functions; a parametric form is not assumed. A test based on nonparametric regression fits to the residuals from kth order polynomial regression is proposed. It utilizes a smoothing spline fit of order 2k to the residuals from kth order polynomial regression. A test statistic based on this estimator is formulated and its asymptotic distribution is derived under alternatives converging to the null at a rate of (nλ¼k )−½, where λ is the smoothing parameter. We note that this rate of convergence is slower than the parametric rate of n −½. Power investigations are conducted through a small-scale simulation study.
Endoscopic submucosal dissection for papillary early gastric carcinoma: Insights from a large-scale analysis of post-gastrectomy pathology specimens

Gastric papillary adenocarcinoma is considered a differentiated adenocarcinoma in the current endoscopic submucosal dissection indication guidelines. However, the safety of endoscopic submucosal dissection remains controversial. Currently, data regarding which papillary early gastric cancer should be considered for endoscopic submucosal dissection are unavailable. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate lymph node metastasis and the safety of endoscopic submucosal dissection in patients with papillary early gastric cancer. This observational study recruited 4264 consecutive patients with early gastric cancer who underwent curative gastrectomy between October 2000 and December 2017 at the National Cancer Center, Korea. Of these, 45 had pathologically confirmed papillary early gastric cancer, 2106 had differentiated non-papillary early gastric cancer, and 2113 had undifferentiated early gastric cancer. Logistic regression analysis was performed to identify risk factors for lymph node metastasis. Mucosal tumors were less common in papillary early gastric cancer (37.9%) than in differentiated non-papillary early gastric cancer (48.8%) and undifferentiated early gastric cancer (60.4%) (both P < .001). Lymph node metastasis was more common in papillary early gastric cancer (20.0%) than in differentiated non-papillary early gastric cancer (9.2%) and undifferentiated early gastric cancer (11.7%; both P < .001). In multivariate analysis, non-mixed-type papillary early gastric cancer showed marginally increased odds of lymph node metastasis than differentiated early gastric cancer (odds ratio [OR]: 2.5, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.0–6.3). Rates of lymph node metastasis (1/10, 10%) and angiolymphatic invasion (2/10, 20%) for papillary early gastric cancer meeting expanded criteria were higher than those for other histology types meeting endoscopic submucosal dissection absolute or expanded criteria (P = .03 and P < .001, respectively). Endoscopic submucosal dissection should be considered carefully for papillary early gastric cancer, especially if it meets expanded endoscopic submucosal dissection indications since it is associated with high rates of submucosal invasion and lymph node metastasis.
Explaining L2 Lexical Learning in Multiple Scenarios: Cross-Situational Word Learning in L1 Mandarin L2 English Speakers

Adults commonly struggle with perceiving and recognizing the sounds and words of a second language (L2), especially when the L2 sounds do not have a counterpart in the learner’s first language (L1). We examined how L1 Mandarin L2 English speakers learned pseudo English words within a cross-situational word learning (CSWL) task previously presented to monolingual English and bilingual Mandarin-English speakers. CSWL is ambiguous because participants are not provided with direct mappings of words and object referents. Rather, learners discern word-object correspondences through tracking multiple co-occurrences across learning trials. The monolinguals and bilinguals tested in previous studies showed lower performance for pseudo words that formed vowel minimal pairs (e.g., /dit/-/dɪt/) than pseudo word which formed consonant minimal pairs (e.g., /bɔn/-/pɔn/) or non-minimal pairs which differed in all segments (e.g., /bɔn/-/dit/). In contrast, L1 Mandarin L2 English listeners struggled to learn all word pairs. We explain this seemingly contradicting finding by considering the multiplicity of acoustic cues in the stimuli presented to all participant groups. Stimuli were produced in infant-directed-speech (IDS) in order to compare performance by children and adults and because previous research had shown that IDS enhances L1 and L2 acquisition. We propose that the suprasegmental pitch variation in the vowels typical of IDS stimuli might be perceived as lexical tone distinctions for tonal language speakers who cannot fully inhibit their L1 activation, resulting in high lexical competition and diminished learning during an ambiguous word learning task. Our results are in line with the Second Language Linguistic Perception (L2LP) model which proposes that fine-grained acoustic information from multiple sources and the ability to switch between language modes affects non-native phonetic and lexical development.
Administration of oral dosage forms of medicines to children in a resource limited setting

Background There are many paediatric specific challenges such as lack of age-appropriate dosage forms, inability of young children to swallow tablets and capsules and poor acceptability, during administration of oral dosage forms of medications to children. Parents adopt various methods which they consider best to circumvent this problem. The objective of this study was to describe the administration practice by parents when giving oral dosage forms of medications to children. Methods A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted to assess the administration practice of 1800 oral dosage forms of medications administered to children under the age of 12 years using validated indicators. A pre-tested interviewer-administered questionnaire given to parents or caregivers was used to collect the necessary data. The data were analysed using descriptive statistics. Results Data from 1800 oral dosage forms was obtained from 663 children. Of the 1287 solid dosage forms, almost one-third were manipulated by parents at the time of giving the medications to children. They were crushed and dissolved in water given to children. In about 17% of instances safety of water was questionable. In 92% of instances, measuring device was found to be inappropriate. Conclusion Administration of oral dosage forms of medications to children is far from ideal and hinders successful use of medications in children.
Effect of a Boswellia and Ginger Mixture on the Memory Dysfunction of the Mild Traumatic Brain Injury Patients: A Randomized, Double-Blind Controlled Trial

Objective: To study a Boswellia and ginger mixture on the memory dysfunction of the mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) patients. Methods: Patients with mTBI were asked about memory impairment following the injury. One hundred mTBI patients were visited and assessed using an auditory-visual learning test (AVLT) questionnaire. By using random permuted blocks, patients were given the Memoral (a mixture of 360 mg of Boswellia and 36 mg of ginger) or placebo and were asked to consume it for a month. Patients were assessed one and three months afterward using the second and third steps of AVLT, respectively. Results: One hundred patients were included in the study and divided into control and intervention groups. The mean age of the patients was 36.83±14.71, and there were no significant differences between the two groups (p=0.41). There were no statistically significant differences in the baseline scores of different AVLT parameters between the two groups. All patients had improvements in different parameters after three months. But some factors include the scores’ change in total learning, retroactive interference score, forgetting rate, and net positive score were significantly higher in treatment groups at one-month and three-month follow-ups compared to the placebo group. In contrast, word span and hit parameters had the same pattern of improvement in both groups. Conclusion: The herbal medication can have a satisfactory effect on eliminating post-mTBI memory dysfunction while having no considerable adverse effects. The effect of these components can also be sustained after a two-month timeframe. These results may assist patients to have less mental involvement.
Efficacy of single-session 99.5% ethanol sclerotherapy for incidentally found simple renal cysts

Simple renal cysts are the most common masses in the kidney. Most are asymptomatic and are incidentally detected on imaging examinations performed for other reasons. This study aimed to compare the results of 40 and 120 minutes ethanol sclerotherapies that were performed in a single session to treat incidentally found simple renal cysts. We retrospectively reviewed 63 renal cysts in 62 patients treated by single session percutaneous ethanol sclerotherapy. Thirty-one patients with 32 cysts underwent a 40 minutes sclerotherapy (group A), and 31 patients with 31 cysts underwent a 120 minutes retention technique (group B). Under ultrasonographic and fluoroscopic guidance, cystic fluid was completely aspirated, and 50% of the aspirated volume was replaced with 99.5% ethanol (a maximum of 100 mL). Imaging follow-up of the patients was performed 3 months after sclerotherapy. The technical success rates were 100% in both groups. Eighteen patients (29.0%) were symptomatic (flank pain or discomfort). Indications of the other patients were large cysts (>5 cm; 46%) and an increment in the diameter on serial studies (25.4%). A significant difference between the 2 groups in terms of age, cyst diameter, volume of aspirated fluid, volume of injected ethanol, and percentage of reduction in cyst diameter (P > .05) was not found. After treatment, flank pain or discomfort resolved in 17 of 18 (94.4%) symptomatic patients. One patient complained of persistent flank pain; however, no significant abnormality was detected on post-procedural computed tomography images. There were no other complications after therapy in the 2 groups. Single session ethanol sclerotherapy with a 40 minutes retention technique is an effective, safe, and cost-effective method for the treatment of incidentally found simple renal cysts. Although the procedural time was reduced, there was no significant difference in therapeutic efficacy between the 40 and 120 minutes therapies.