Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Electronically Reconfigurable Binary Phase Liquid Crystal Reflectarray Metasurface at 108 GHz

We have proposed a preliminary design and computation results of a 20 by 20 elements reconfigurable liquid crystal (LC) based binary phase reflectarray metasurface for applications in THz wireless communication. Specifically, we performed full-wave simulations and theoretical calculations on the far-field patterns of our proposed device, and we also developed optimisation routines for both the antenna unit cell design as well as far-field pattern synthesis algorithms. The LC used was modelled after Merk's model GT3-23001. At optimal operation frequency of 108 GHz, the phase difference between ON and OFF state is 177 degrees, and the reflection amplitudes of both states are 0.88. We were able to demonstrate 60 degrees of beam steering, which was achieved together with a (single beam) RCS of -5.8 dBm2, when the device dimension is only 20mm by 20mm. The operational bandwidth is plus or minus 2 GHz from central frequency of 108 GHz.
Cone crop fluctuations in Scots pine and Norway spruce

The present work reports on comparisons (figs. 3 and 5) between observations of the annual cone setting of Scots pine and Norway spruce in various parts of the country carried out by the State rangers (table 2) and observations made by the National Forest Survey (table 1). On the basis of these comparisons the long series of State ranger observations (1909-1953) has been regionally transformed to an absolute scale of values (table 3). Calculations have been made by means of these series with the purpose of elucidating how often a certain level of cone setting occurs in various parts of the country (fig. 6) and what range of variation that might occur in respect of number of years between cone crops of a size considered worthwhile to collect (table 4).
Study of stomach carcinoma in patients over 80 years of age groups.

当科で経験した80歳以上の高齢者胃癌28例に対して検討を行った. 男性に多く, 胃下部に限局する高分化型腺癌が多かった. 手術直接死亡例はなく, 術後合併症は40. 8%にみられた. 切除率は88. 9%であり治癒切除率は40. 7%であった. 治癒切除群の5年生存率は68. 6%であり非治癒切除群の5年生存率は0%であった. 両群の5年生存率において推計学. 有意差が認められた (p<0.01). もし胃癌取扱い規約でいうR2の郭清を行えば62. 5%が治癒切除術となり予後の改善が期待された. 以上より80歳以上の高齢者胃癌においては, できるだけR2郭清を行う必要があることが示唆された.
Complexity and algorithms related to two classes of graph problems

Esta tese aborda problemas associados a conversoes em grafos e de edicao pela remocao de um emparelhamento. Estudamos processos f-reversiveis, que sao aqueles associados a um valor de limiar para cada vertice e cuja dinâmica depende da quantidade de vizinhos com estado contrario para cada vertice. Estabelecemos um limite superior justo para o tamanho do periodo e transiente, caracterizamos todas as arvores que alcancam o transiente maximo em processos 2-reversiveis e mostramos que determinar o tamanho de um conjunto conversor minimo e NP-dificil. Mostramos que o modelo AND-OR define uma convexidade sobre grafos. Mostramos resultados de NP-completude e algoritmos eficientes para certos parâmetros de convexidade para esta nova, assim como algoritmos aproximativos. Introduzimos o conceito de processos de limiar generalizados, onde mostramos resultados de NP-completude e algoritmos eficientes para ambas as versoes nao relaxada e relaxada. Estudamos o problema de decidir se um dado grafo admite uma remocao de um emparelhamento de modo a remover todos os ciclos. Mostramos que este problema e NP-dificil mesmo para grafos subcubicos, mas admite solucao eficiente para varias classes de grafos. Estudamos o problema de decidir se um dado grafo admite uma remocao de um emparelhamento de modo a remover todos os ciclos impares. Mostramos que este problema e NP-dificil mesmo para grafos planares com grau limitado, mas admite solucao eficiente para algumas classes de grafos. Mostramos tambem resultados parametrizados.
The Action of Prontosil-Soluble and Sulfanilamide on the Phagocytic Activity of Leukocytes and on the Dissociation of Streptococci

A few simple experiments have been made to try to determine whether -prontosil-soluble and sulfanilamide promoted phagocytosis and if so whether the action was on the bacteria or on the leukocytes. The preparations employed were a 2.5^0 solution of prontosil, disodium 4-sulphamidb-phenyl-2azo-7-acetylamino-l-hydroxynaphthalene 3,6-disulphonate, and powdered sulfanilamide. Prontosil-soluble, now marketed as neoprontosil, and powdered sulfanilamide were obtained from the Winthrop Chemical Company.
A Modified Saddle-Point Dynamics for Distributed Convex Optimization on General Directed Graphs

In this technical note, we show that the continuous-time saddle-point distributed convex optimization dynamics can be cast as a distributed control system, where each agent implements a control input using an estimate of the average state, generated through an observer. Using this, and by incorporating a continuous-time version of the so-called push-sum algorithm, we relax the graph-theoretic conditions under which the first component of the trajectories of this modified class of saddle-point dynamical systems is asymptotically convergent to the set of optimizers. In particular, we prove that strong connectivity is sufficient under this modified dynamics, relaxing the known weight-balanced assumption. As a by product, we also show that the saddle-point distributed optimization dynamics can be extended to time-varying weight-balanced graphs, which satisfy a persistency condition on the minimum-cut, of the sequence of Laplacian matrices.
Preservice Mathematics Teachers’ Determination Skills of the Proof Techniques: The Case of Integers

The aim of the study is to reveal the preservice mathematics teachers’ ability to determine the techniques of proofs on integers. A qualitative case study approach was adopted in this study. The participants of the study consisted of 172 preservice teachers enrolled in an elementary mathematics teaching program in their second and third years at a state university in Turkey. The data of the study were obtained from the Proof Techniques Determination Form (PTDF) which consists of six proofs on integers proven by different techniques and semi-structured interviews with five preservice teachers who were successful in different achievement levels of PTDF. The preservice teachers were asked to determine the proof techniques presented to them and express their warrants. The proof techniques used in PTDF are; direct proof, proof by induction, proof by contradiction, proof by contraposition, proof by counterexample and proof by confliction. At the end of the study, the preservice teachers were successful in determining proof by induction and direct proof technique. However, they were unsuccessful in determining proof by contraposition and proof by contradiction technique. While there was no difficulty in determining proof by counterexample technique, most of the preservice teachers had struggled in determining proof by confliction used to show that the proposition was false. The preservice teachers mostly used direct proof instead of proof by contraposition, proof by contraposition instead of proof by contradiction, and direct proof instead of proof by confliction. It was determined that the preservice teachers tended to evaluate the technique of any proof as direct proof. Sources of these difficulties were: deficiencies in understanding the differences between proof by contradiction and proof by contraposition, usage of same warrants of both techniques, and accepting general warrants which are valid for every proof as the property of direct proof.
Adversarial Robustness via Label-Smoothing

We study Label-Smoothing as a means for improving adversarial robustness of supervised deep-learning models. After establishing a thorough and unified framework, we propose several variations to this general method: adversarial, Boltzmann and second-best Label-Smoothing methods, and we explain how to construct your own one. On various datasets (MNIST, CIFAR10, SVHN) and models (linear models, MLPs, LeNet, ResNet), we show that Label-Smoothing in general improves adversarial robustness against a variety of attacks (FGSM, BIM, DeepFool, Carlini-Wagner) by better taking account of the dataset geometry. The proposed Label-Smoothing methods have two main advantages: they can be implemented as a modified cross-entropy loss, thus do not require any modifications of the network architecture nor do they lead to increased training times, and they improve both standard and adversarial accuracy.
Radiation dose in CT are meeting the challenge

Despite comprising only2%of all examinations,CT contributed around20%of the collective dose to the popu-lation from diagnostic imaging.An abdominal examination in an adult with an effective dose of10mSv has been estimated to increase the lifetime risk of fatal cancer by1in2000.Children are10times more sensitive to the effects of radiation than middleaged adults.Girls are more sensitive than boys.Variations in CT practice,ease of using,urgency in multislice CT,unawaring of the“uncoupling effect”in CT may be contributing to increasing in radiation dose.We must train.An awareness of emerging and the implied changes in practice,with revision of protocols to take account of advances.The“as low as reasonably achievable(ALARA)”principle applies just as much to CT as it does to conventional radiography.
Automatic detection of acute lymphoblastic leukaemia based on extending the multifractal features

The main purpose of this study is to introduce a new species of features to improve the diagnosis efficiency of acute lymphoblastic leukaemia from microscopic images. First, the authors segmented nuclei by the k -means and watershed algorithms. They extracted three sets of geometrical, statistical, and chaotic features from nuclei images. Six chaotic features were extracted by calculating the fractal dimension from five sub-images driven from the nuclei images, with their grey levels being modified. The authors classified the images into binary and multiclass types via the support vector machine algorithm. They conducted principal component analysis for dimensional reduction of feature space and then evaluated the proposed algorithm for the overfitting problem. The obtained overall results represent 99% accuracy, 99% specificity, and 97% sensitivity values in the classification of six-cell groups. The difference between the train and test errors was <;3%, which proves that the classification performance had improved by using the multifractal features.
Single-valued integration and double copy

Abstract In this paper, we study a single-valued integration pairing between differential forms and dual differential forms which subsumes some classical constructions in mathematics and physics. It can be interpreted as a p-adic period pairing at the infinite prime. The single-valued integration pairing is defined by transporting the action of complex conjugation from singular to de Rham cohomology via the comparison isomorphism. We show how quite general families of period integrals admit canonical single-valued versions and prove some general formulae for them. This implies an elementary “double copy” formula expressing certain singular volume integrals over the complex points of a smooth projective variety as a quadratic expression in ordinary period integrals of half the dimension. We provide several examples, including non-holomorphic modular forms, archimedean Néron–Tate heights on curves, single-valued multiple zeta values and polylogarithms. The results of the present paper are used in [F. Brown and C. Dupont, Single-valued integration and superstring amplitudes in genus zero, preprint 2019, https://arxiv.org/abs/1910.01107] to prove a recent conjecture of Stieberger which relates the coefficients in a Laurent expansion of two different kinds of periods of twisted cohomology on the moduli spaces of curves ℳ0,n{\mathcal{M}_{0,n}} of genus zero with n marked points. We also study a morphism between certain rings of “motivic” periods, called the de Rham projection, which provides a bridge between complex periods and single-valued periods in many situations of interest.
Robust Generalized Fuzzy Systems Training From High-Dimensional Time-Series Data Using Local Structure Preserving PLS

Establishing fuzzy models from time-series data with predictive capabilities for numerical targets typically requires dimension reduction techniques to overcome the severe curse of dimensionality effects. Linear projection methods are promising candidates in this context as they—unlike nonlinear dimension reduction techniques—preserve interpretability of the resulting models. However, linear projections do not reveal the inherent (nonlinear, local) cluster structure of the data and are thus not ideally suited for the identification of fuzzy rule bases. To overcome this limitation, in this article, we present a new fuzzy modeling approach that combines generalized fuzzy systems modeling with a local structure preserving variant of partial least squares (PLS). In contrast to ordinary PLS, our approach maps a weighted (adjacency) graph on the directions associated with high covariance with the response in order to emphasize local data structures when constructing the latent variable (LV) space. This operates into the direction from which the (training of the) fuzzy model benefits, as therein local regions are represented by submodels in form of generalized Takagi-Sugeno (TS) fuzzy rules. The local structure preserving LV space is obtained by solving a new penalized objective function, which assures global optimality of the solutions by virtue of the specific properties of the Laplacian matrix. Local regions are characterized in two ways: through nearest neighbor points (assuming fixed local region sizes) and through density regions identified by clustering (achieving variable local region sizes). To establish a robust time-series-based forecast model, the training of a generalized TS fuzzy model is conducted in the LV space with reduced dimensionality. It is realized by an iterative robust version of Gen-Smart-EFS, allowing multiple passes over the complete datasets until convergence of the antecedent space. Consequent parameters are estimated by a fuzzily weighted elastic net approach, embedding a convex combination of ridge regression and Lasso to achieve robust solutions also in case of ill-posed problems and meeting the (more stable and interpretable) local learning spirit. The new approach is termed as LS-PLS-Fuzzy, short for local structure preserving PLS fuzzy regression. It was successfully evaluated on three real-world application scenarios including a total of 11 time-series-based prediction modeling problems with different proportions between the number of training samples and original input dimensionality. Our results show significantly improved model accuracy compared to related State-of-the-Art (SoA) modeling approaches, an alternative dimension reduction technique, and when using conventional PLS and/or nongeneralized fuzzy rules.
Sedimentology of an Upper Cambrian flysh-paralic sequence (Denison group) on the Denison Range, Southwest Tasmania.

The Denison Range Basin is one of several small basins along the Adamsfield Trough, a Cambrian eugeosynclinal structure developed between a geanticline of "Older" Precambrian metasediments to the west (Tyennan Geanticline) and a complex belt of mainly "Younger" Precambrian rocks to the southeast (Jubilee Block). The trough is overlapped from the east by marine Ordovician rocks of the Florentine Synclinorium. Most of the filling of the Denison Range as in took place in the Upper Cambrian, after the main igneous activity in the trough (including the emplacement of ultramafics onto the seafloor) had ceased, and the sediments record a transition from flysch-type turbidites and siltstones to molasse-type sandstones and fanglomerates.
Wing deformation measurements of the DelFly II in different flight conditions

This study investigates the wing deformation of the flapping-wing micro air vehicle (MAV) DelFly II in various flight configurations. Experiments were carried out with the MAV tethered in a windtunnel test section. To determine the best suited measurement approach, a trade-off study was carried out which showed that a point tracking approach with background illumination is most suitable. The therefore used high-speed camera pair and illumination were mounted on the same rotating frame with the DelFly, which allowed adequate viewing axes of the wings at for all pitch angles. Processing was done a purpose-build algorithm, allowing 136 points per wing to be measured simultaneously with an average lost point ratio of 3.4 % and an estimated accuracy of 0.25 mm. Results of hovering flight show some previously unnoticed behaviors. First, it was noted that the upper and lower wing on each side do not deform purely symmetric but show some considerable asymmetric behavior like heave and camber production. Furthermore, the upper wing shows a torsional wave and recoil behavior at faster flapping frequencies, which was shown to be beneficial in insect flight. Lastly, it was found that an air-buffer remains present between the wing surfaces at all times of the clap-and-peel motion (apart from the root trailing edge). This air-buffer increases once freestream velocity is added, which is investigated during the climbing flight study. Here, the reduced angle of attack of the wing is assumed to reduce the wing loading at faster climb, resulting in lower deformations outside the clap-and-peel motion. The isolated effect of a body pitch angle is also studied. Here, the asymmetrical freestream direction results in larger asymmetries such as wing alignment with the freestream direction and reduced camber and even camber reversal during the upstroke. In forward flight the pitch angle is changed simultaneously with the flapping frequency and freestream velocity. Due to the non-linear properties the wing deforms not directly as a superposition of the individual effects. Deviations are mostly present in increased asymmetry in incidence angle, while the camber behaves more linear and the clap-and-peel motion also remains relatively unchanged. The torsional wave and recoil are here however reduced. Descending flight was also tested. Velocities below 1m/s result in relatively minor deformation changes, while faster descent leads to large flapping frequency fluctuations, making interpretation of the results impossible.
General solutions for the mixed boundary value problem associated to hydromagnetic flows of a viscous fluid between symmetrically heated parallel plates

Exact general solutions for hydromagnetic flows of an incompressible viscous fluid between two horizontal infinite parallel plates are established when the upper plate is fixed and the inferior one applies a time-dependent shear stress to the fluid. Porous effects are taken into consideration and the problem in discussion is completely solved for moderate values of the Hartman number. It is found that the fluid velocity and the non-trivial shear stress satisfy PDE of the same form and the motion characteristics do not depend of magnetic and porous parameters independently but only by a combination of them that is called the effective permeability. For illustration, as well as to bring to light some physical insight of results that have been obtained, three special cases are considered and the influence of Reynolds number as well as combined porous and magnetic effects on the fluid motion are graphically underlined and discussed for motions due to constant or ramped-type shear stresses on the boundary. The starting solutions corresponding to motions induced by the lower plate that applies constant or oscillatory shear stresses to the fluid are presented as sum of steady-state and transient solutions and the required time to reach the steady-state is graphically determined. This time is greater for motions due to sine as compared to cosine oscillating shear stresses on the boundary. The steady-state is rather obtained in the presence of a magnetic field or porous medium.
Orbital Path and Spacecraft Attitude Correction for the MODIS Lunar Spatial Characterization

For the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) on the Terra and Aqua platforms, regularly scheduled lunar observations using spacecraft roll maneuvers have been used extensively for sensor characterization. While the primary purpose of these observations is for radiometric calibration of the reflective solar bands, they have also been leveraged for a number of other sensor performance assessments, such as the band-to-band spatial registration (BBR) and detector-to-detector spatial registration (DDR). The spatial registration calculations are complicated by the fact that the Moon does not move in a straight path across the sensor field of view (FOV). This path is determined by the relative orbital motion between the spacecraft and the Moon and the instrument attitude error that results from the roll maneuver. In this article, we develop a correction for the MODIS lunar spatial characterization measurements by calculating the predicted path of the Moon across the sensor FOV using spacecraft and lunar ephemeris data to model the relative orbital motion between the spacecraft and the Moon along with spacecraft attitude error data acquired during the roll maneuver. The difference between the measured and predicted positions of the Moon in the MODIS FOV can be used to calculate the BBR and DDR results. Since the predicted path across the FOV will be the same for each band, the BBR results will be minimally affected. However, we will show that the along-scan spread in the DDR can be significantly reduced, which results in a much greater consistency throughout the full mission for both Aqua and Terra MODIS.
Human Rhinovirus C and Asthma in Childhood

Human rhinovirus (HRV) is now recognized as the most important respiratory pathogen in acute wheezing illnesses in all ages and an important pathogen in acute lower respiratory illnesses in childhood. Advances in PCR techniques in recent years have led to the discovery of a new HRV species, HRV species C (HRV-C). Recent evidence suggests that HRV-C is associated with more severe ALRIs in childhood, in particular acute wheezing illnesses, compared with HRV-A and HRV-B species. To date, few studies have been published concerning HRV-C biology and its pathogenicity. Unraveling the role of different HRV species in acute lower respiratory illnesses is crucial to understanding the relationship between atopy, the developing immune system, and the development of asthma.
Development and Evaluation of a Reynolds-Averaged Navier–Stokes Solver in WindNinja for Operational Wildland Fire Applications

An open source computational fluid dynamics (CFD) solver has been incorporated into the WindNinja modeling framework. WindNinja is widely used by wildland fire managers, as well as researchers and practitioners in other fields, such as wind energy, wind erosion, and search and rescue. Here, we describe the CFD solver and evaluate its performance against the WindNinja conservation of mass (COM) solver, and previously published large-eddy simulations (LES), for three field campaigns with varying terrain complexity: Askervein Hill, Bolund Hill, and Big Southern Butte. We also compare the effects of two model settings in the CFD solver, namely the discretization scheme used for the advection term of the momentum equation and the turbulence model, and provide guidance on model sensitivity to these settings. Additionally, we investigate the computational mesh and difficulties regarding terrain representation. Two important findings from this work are: (1) CFD solver predictions are significantly better than COM solver predictions at windward and lee side observation locations, but no difference was found in predicted speed-up at ridgetop locations between the two solvers, and (2) the choice of discretization scheme for advection has a significantly larger effect on the simulated winds than the choice of turbulence model.