Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Eternal time machine in ( 2 + 1 ) -dimensional anti–de Sitter space

$(2+1)$-dimensional anti\char21{}de Sitter space has been the subject of much recent investigation. Studies of the behavior of point particles in this space have given us a greater understanding of the BTZ black hole solutions produced by topological identification of AdS isometries. In this paper, we present a new configuration of two orbiting massive point particles that leads to an ``eternal'' time machine, where closed timelike curves fill the entire space. In contrast with previous solutions, this configuration has no event or chronology horizons. Another interesting feature is that there is no lower bound on the relative velocities of the point masses used to construct the time machine; as long as the particles exceed a certain mass threshold, an eternal time machine will be produced.
Effect of Coulomb Stress on the Gutenberg-Richter Law for the Seismicity after the Landers Earthquake

Coulomb-stress theory has been used for years in seismology to understand how earthquakes trigger each other. Whenever an earthquake occurs, the stress field changes, and places with positive increases are brought closer to failure. Earthquake models that relate earthquake rates and Coulomb stress after a main event, such as the rate-and-state model, assume that the distribution of earthquake magnitudes is not affected by the change in the Coulomb stress. We apply several statistical analyses to the aftershock sequence of the Landers earthquake (California, USA, 1992, moment magnitude $7.3$), to show that the distribution of magnitudes is sensitive to the sign of the Coulomb-stress increase; in particular, the $b-$value of the Gutenberg-Richter law is significantly decreased for events that received a decrease in the Coulomb stress. These events have a distribution of focal mechanisms very close to the one of the previous-to-mainshock seismicity, whereas the events with a positive increase of the stress are characterized by a much larger proportion of strike-slip events.
Cystoid macular edema secondary to intraocular lens sub-luxation and iris perforation by iol haptic Edema macular cistóide secundário a subluxação de lente intraocular e perfuração da íris por haptico da lente

We present a case of 50-years-old, man with vision loss, dysmorphopsia and micropsy in the right eye with for 6 months. Ocular history included uncomplicated cataract surgery 10 years before. Best corrected visual acuity was 20/100 in the right eye and 20/20 in the left eye. Anterior segment OD demonstrated intra-ocular lens (IOL) haptic in the anterior chamber with iris perforation. Fundus examination revealed cystoid macular edema in right eye. Surgical approach with reposition of the IOL and triamcinolone acetonide intravitreal injection were performed with visual and tomographical improvement.
Large Interstellar Polarisation Survey. LIPS I: FORS2 spectropolarimetry in the Southern Hemisphere

Polarimetric studies of light transmitted through interstellar clouds may give constraints on the properties of the interstellar dust grains. Traditionally, broadband linear polarisation (BBLP) measurements have been considered an important diagnostic tool for the study of the interstellar dust, while comparatively less attention has been paid to spectropolarimetric measurements. However, spectropolarimetry may offer stronger constraints than BBLP, for example by revealing narrowband features, and by allowing us to distinguish the contribution of dust from the contribution of interstellar gas. Therefore, we have decided to carry out a Large Interstellar Polarisation Survey (LIPS) using spectropolarimetric facilities in both hemispheres. Here we present the results obtained in the Southern Hemisphere with the FORS2 instrument of the ESO Very Large Telescope. Our spectra cover the wavelength range 380--950\,nm at a spectral resolving power of about 880. We have produced a publicly available catalogue of 127 linear polarisation spectra of 101 targets. We also provide the Serkowski-curve parameters, as well as the wavelength gradient of the polarisation position angle for the interstellar polarisation along 76 different lines of sight. In agreement with previous literature, we found that the best-fit parameters of the Serkowski-curve are not independent of each other. However, the relationships that we obtained are not always consistent with what was found in previous studies.
Optical Imaging of Nova Shells and the Maximum Magnitude-Rate of Decline Relationship

An optical imaging study of 30 recent novae has been undertaken using both ground-based and space-based observations. Resolved shells have been detected around nine objects in the ground-based data, while another four objects have shells detected by Hubble Space Telescope observations; for RW UMi, we fail to detect a shell that was observed 5 years earlier. Images in Hα, and when appropriate [O III] λ5007, are shown, and finding charts for novae without shells are given if no published chart is available. Expansion parallaxes for all systems with shells are derived, and absolute magnitudes for a total of 28 objects are presented, along with a discussion of the maximum magnitude–rate of decline relation. We find that separate linear fits for fast and slow novae may be a better representation of the data than a single, global fit. At minimum, most novae have similar magnitudes as those of dwarf novae at maximum and nova-like stars.
Search and learning in export markets: Evidence from interviews with Colombian exporters

Why do most new exporters quickly abandon foreign markets after shipping very small amounts? And why do surviving exporters ramp their sales up gradually over a period of many years? A large literature uses models and customs records to address these questions. We complement these studies by conducting case study interviews with a small set of Colombian manufacturers. Inter alia, we find that establishing a lasting foreign market presence involves a costly search and learning process, with valuable knowledge coming from initial failures.
Estimation of the Generalized Prediction Error Variance of a Multiple Time Series

Abstract For a multivariate stationary time series, we propose a nonparametric estimator for its generalized prediction error variance using a multivariate analog of the Szego-Kolmogorov formula, replacing the integral by a sum and replacing the unknown spectral density matrix by a consistent estimator. Asymptotic normality of this estimator is established, and its small-sample behavior is assessed through simulation and application to two real data sets. These examples show that the proposed method works reasonably well in comparison with parametric models. In contrast to the univariate case where smoothing the periodogram is optional and generally not recommended, in the multivariate case this smoothing is a necessity, because the raw periodogram is a matrix of rank one. To obtain a consistent estimator of a full-rank spectral density matrix, one must necessarily choose larger bandwidths for higher-dimensional time series. A bias-correction factor is computed using the asymptotic properties of our propo.
Early Outlook of Public Perception on Covid-19 Booster Shots Early Outlook of Public Perception on Covid-19 Booster Shots

The Covid-19 pandemic, which began in late 2019, is still ongoing. Several vaccines are available in the United States, and booster doses for all adults have been approved. However, a significant proportion of people are still not willing to get vaccinated against Covid-19. The goal of the study was to detect the emotions and topics of discussion on Twitter around the COVID-19 booster shots. The emotion and common topics were discovered using sentiment analysis and topic modeling approaches. The results suggest that the public has a negative perception of booster shots in general. Positive themes include gratitude to science for vaccines and encouraging people to get vaccinated. The negative themes concern those who are dissatisfied with the government's handling of the pandemic, as well as blame the unvaccinated for the spread of the virus.
Anyonic particle-vortex statistics and the nature of dense quark matter

We show that $\mathbb{Z}_3$-valued particle-vortex braiding phases are present in high density quark matter. Certain mesonic and baryonic excitations, in the presence of a superfluid vortex, have orbital angular momentum quantized in units of $\hbar/3$. Such non-local topological features can distinguish phases whose realizations of global symmetries, as probed by local order parameters, are identical. If $\mathbb{Z}_3$ braiding phases and angular momentum fractionalization are absent in lower density hadronic matter, as is widely expected, then the quark matter and hadronic matter regimes of dense QCD must be separated by at least one phase transition.
HST/COS OBSERVATIONS OF IONIZED GAS ACCRETION AT THE DISK–HALO INTERFACE OF M33

We report the detection of accreting ionized gas at the disk–halo interface of the nearby galaxy M33. We analyze Hubble Space Telescope/Cosmic Origins Spectrograph absorption-line spectra of seven ultraviolet-bright stars evenly distributed across the disk of M33. We find Si iv absorption components consistently redshifted relative to the bulk M33's ISM absorption along all the sightlines. The Si iv detection indicates an enriched, disk-wide, ionized gas inflow toward the disk. This inflow is most likely multi-phase as the redshifted components can also be observed in ions with lower ionization states (e.g., S ii, P ii, Fe ii, Si ii). Kinematic modeling of the inflow is consistent with an accreting layer at the disk–halo interface of M33, which has an accretion velocity of 110 − 20 + 15 km s − 1 at a distance of 1.5 − 1.0 + 1.0 kpc above the disk. The modeling indicates a total mass of ∼3.9 × 107 M⊙ for the accreting material at the disk–halo interface on the near side of the M33 disk, with an accretion rate of ∼2.9 M⊙ yr−1. The high accretion rate and the level of metal enrichment suggest the inflow is likely to be the fallback of M33 gas from a galactic fountain and/or the gas pulled loosed during a close interaction between M31 and M33. Our study of M33 is the first to unambiguously reveal the existence of a disk-wide, ionized gas inflow beyond the Milky Way, providing a better understanding of gas accretion in the vicinity of a galaxy disk.
THE TRUTH BELOW THE SURFACE: TOWARDS QUANTIFYING AND UNDERSTANDING THE EVALUATION OF GERMAN AND DANISH HATE SPEECH WITH EEG BIOSIGNALS

: The recipient is a stimulus-external factor that has so far hardly been investigated in hate-speech research. However, addressing this factor is essential to understand how and why hate speech unfolds its negative effects and which characteristics of the recipient influence these effects. The present study focuses on the recipient. Building on previous findings from explicit ratings and initial successful replications of such ratings through biosignals, we are conducting the first large-scale, systematic, and cross-linguistic biosignal study on hate speech based on two EEG measures: the beta-alpha ratio associated with arousal and the frontal alpha asymmetry associated with valence. A total of 50 Danish and German participants took part and were presented with spoken and written hate-speech stimuli, derived from authentic hate-speech posts on Twitter. Results show that Danes reacted more sensitively than Germans to hate speech containing figurative language (swear words), while Germans reacted more sensitively than Danes to hate speech with Holocaust references. In addition, teachers and lawyers showed less negative reactions to hate speech than church employees, students, and pensioners, which, despite small sample sizes, gives reason to think about whether social groups might react differently to hate speech. The effect of the presentation medium depended on the respective hate speech type. In particular, speaking out hate speech based on irony and indirectness attenuated its effects on recipients to such an extent that it is questionable whether the stimuli were still perceived as instances of hate speech at all. We discuss the results in terms of key tasks of future studies and practical implication for the punishment and management of hate speech on social media.
Analyzing the Quality of RESTful APIs in a Migration Context: A Case Study in the E-Commerce Domain

In this work, we compare two RESTful API versions with respect to their software product quality. These APIs are maintained by the Cologne-based company Trusted Shops. Both API versions provide similar functionality. The company wants to replace the old API version with the new version and ensure that the software product quality has improved. Therefore, we conducted a three-step case study where we first interviewed both API users and maintainers. We then conducted a qualitative data analysis of these interviews. Second, we manually detected (anti)-patterns and violations of common design rules and best practice in both API specifications. Lastly, we evaluated the two specifications with the help of four different analysis tools, three rule-based analysis tools and one tool based on quality metrics. All in all, the new API version eTrusted was perceived as superior over the old API version myTS by both API maintainers and users. However, only the manual search for (anti-)patterns and violations of API rules and best practices came to a similar conclusion as the qualitative data analysis. We identified eleven violations for myTS and only ten for eTrusted. The tool-supported evaluations showed different results. We found only 18 rule violations for the old API version but 19 for the new API version with the help of rule-based tool analysis. Also, seven out of ten metrics reported a better result for the old API version. Therefore, rule-based analysis and metric-based evaluation cannot be taken as an absolute indicator for software product quality. However, these techniques are still powerful to find low-level flaws in API specifications. Furthermore, with the help of metric-based evaluation, specific partial aspects of quality attributes can be determined. However, more research towards a uniform ruleset of service-interface (anti-)patterns and best practices is needed. Also, some metrics have to be validated.
A-term inflation and the MSSM

The parameter space for A-term inflation is explored with W = �pp /pM p−3 P. With p = 6 andp ∼ 1, the observed spectrum and spectral tilt can be obtained with soft mass of order 10 2 GeV but not with a much higher mass. The case p = 3 requiresp ∼ 10 −9 to 10 −12 . The ratio m/A requires fine-tuning, which may be justified on environmental grounds. An extension of the MSSM to include non-renormalizable terms and/or Dirac neutrino masses might support either A-term inflation or modular inflation.
The early B-type star Rho Oph A is an X-ray lighthouse

We present the results of a 140 ks XMM-Newton observation of the B2 star $\rho$ Ophiuchi A. The star has exhibited strong X-ray variability: a cusp-shaped increase of rate, similar to that which we partially observed in 2013, and a bright flare. These events are separated in time by about 104 ks, which likely corresponds to the rotational period of the star (1.2 days). Time resolved spectroscopy of the X-ray spectra shows that the first event is caused by an increase of the plasma emission measure, while the second increase of rate is a major flare with temperatures in excess of 60 MK ($kT\sim5$ keV). From the analysis of its rise, we infer a magnetic field of $\ge300$ G and a size of the flaring region of $\sim1.4-1.9\times10^{11}$ cm, which corresponds to $\sim25\%-30\%$ of the stellar radius. We speculate that either an intrinsic magnetism that produces a hot spot on its surface or an unknown low mass companion are the source of such X-rays and variability. A hot spot of magnetic origin should be a stable structure over a time span of $\ge$2.5 years, and suggests an overall large scale dipolar magnetic field that produces an extended feature on the stellar surface. In the second scenario, a low mass unknown companion is the emitter of X-rays and it should orbit extremely close to the surface of the primary in a locked spin-orbit configuration, almost on the verge of collapsing onto the primary. As such, the X-ray activity of the secondary star would be enhanced by its young age, and the tight orbit as in RS Cvn systems and $\rho$ Ophiuchi would constitute an extreme system that is worthy of further investigation.
A Complete basis for power suppressed collinear ultrasoft operators

We construct operators that describe power corrections in mixed collinear-ultrasoft processes in QCD. We treat the ultrasoft-collinear Lagrangian to $\mathcal{O}({\ensuremath{\lambda}}^{2})$ and heavy-to-light currents involving collinear quarks to $\mathcal{O}(\ensuremath{\lambda}),$ including new three body currents. A complete gauge invariant basis is derived which has a full reduction in Dirac structures and is valid for matching at any order in ${\ensuremath{\alpha}}_{s}. $ The full set of reparametrization invariance (RPI) constraints is included, and is found to restrict the number of parameters appearing in Wilson coefficients and to rule out some classes of operators. The QCD ultrasoft-collinear Lagrangian has two $\mathcal{O}({\ensuremath{\lambda}}^{2})$ operators in its gauge invariant form. For the $\mathcal{O}(\ensuremath{\lambda})$ heavy-to-light currents there are $(4,4,14,14,21)$ subleading (scalar, pseudoscalar, vector, axial-vector, tensor) currents, where $(1,1,4,4,7)$ have coefficients that are not determined by RPI. In a frame where ${v}_{\ensuremath{\perp}}=0$ and $n\ensuremath{\cdot}v=1$ the total number of currents reduces to $(2,2,8,8,13),$ but the number of undetermined coefficients is the same. The role of these operators and universality of jet functions in the factorization theorem for heavy-to-light form factors is discussed.
Some new generalizations of inertial manifolds

In this article we introduce two new generalizations of inertial manifolds. The first one is the concept of Inertial Manifold with Delay which may be physically more suitable than the usual concept of inertial manifold since it allows a certain delay time for the adjustment of the small scales to the large ones. We also introduce an invariant manifold which is the graph of a multivalued function and which exists under general conditions. We conjecture that, like an inertial manifold, this manifold attracts all orbits at an exponential rate.
On the Black Hole Mass-Bulge Mass Relation

We have reexamined the relation between the mass of the central black holes in nearby galaxies, Mbh, and the stellar mass of the surrounding spheroid or bulge, Mbulge. For a total of 30 galaxies bulge masses were derived through Jeans equation modeling or adopted from dynamical models in the literature. In stellar mass-to-light ratios, the spheroids and bulges span a range of a factor of 8. The bulge masses were related to well-determined black hole masses taken from the literature. With these improved values for Mbh, compared to Magorrian et al., and our redetermination of Mbulge, we find that the Mbh-Mbulge relation becomes very tight. We find Mbh ~ M with an observed scatter of ≲0.30 dex, a fraction of which can be attributed to measurement errors. The scatter in this relation is therefore comparable to the scatter in the relations of Mbh with σ and the stellar concentration. These results confirm and refine the work of Marconi & Hunt. For Mbulge ~ 5 × 1010 M☉ the median black hole mass is 0.14% ± 0.04% of the bulge mass.
Optical absorption and activated transport in polaronic systems

We present exact results for the optical response in the one-dimensional Holstein model. In particular, by means of a refined kernel polynomial method, we calculate the ac and dc electrical conductivities at finite temperatures for a wide parameter range of electron phonon interaction. We analyze the deviations from the results of standard small polaron theory in the intermediate coupling regime and discuss non-adiabaticity effects in detail.
Effect of Qianlietongyu Capsule Combined with Tamsulosin Hydrochloride in the Treatment of Prostatitis Complicated with Premature Ejaculation

To discuss the clinical effect of Qianlietongyu capsule combined with tamsulosin hydrochloride in the treatment of prostatitis complicated with premature ejaculation and its impact on the sexual life of patients. We selected 70 patients with prostatitis complicated with premature ejaculation untreated in our hospital from July 2020 to July 2021 and divided them into control group (35 cases) and observation group (35 cases). Treated control group with compound lidocaine cream, after receiving the same treatment as control group, treated observation group with tamsulosin hydrochloride and Qianlietongyu capsule. After 1 mo treatment, observation group possessed lower National Institutes of Health chronic prostatitis symptom index score than control group, but it possessed higher intravaginal ejaculation latency time than control group (p<0.05); after treatment, observation group possessed lower interleukin 8 and tumor necrosis factor alpha levels, higher maximum urinary flow rate and lower bladder residual urine volume than control group (p<0.05). After treatment, the total clinical effective rate and sexual life satisfaction of observation group were 94.29 % (33/35) and 88.57 % (31/35) respectively, those in control group were 77.1 % (27/35) and 68.57 % (24/35) respectively, the differences possessed statistical significance (p<0.05). In clinical treatment of patients with prostatitis complicated with premature ejaculation, tamsulosin hydrochloride combined with Qianlietongyu capsule can significantly improve the effect of patients’ clinical symptoms and related biochemical indicators, improve the overall clinical treatment effect and promote patients to obtain more ideal sexual life satisfaction after treatment.
Critical Nucleation Length for Accelerating Frictional Slip

The spontaneous nucleation of accelerating slip along slowly driven frictional interfaces is central to a broad range of geophysical, physical, and engineering systems, with particularly far‐reaching implications for earthquake physics. A common approach to this problem associates nucleation with an instability of an expanding creep patch upon surpassing a critical length Lc. The critical nucleation length Lc is conventionally obtained from a spring‐block linear stability analysis extended to interfaces separating elastically deformable bodies using model‐dependent fracture mechanics estimates. We propose an alternative approach in which the critical nucleation length is obtained from a related linear stability analysis of homogeneous sliding along interfaces separating elastically deformable bodies. For elastically identical half‐spaces and rate‐and‐state friction, the two approaches are shown to yield Lc that features the same scaling structure, but with substantially different numerical prefactors, resulting in a significantly larger Lc in our approach. The proposed approach is also shown to be naturally applicable to finite‐size systems and bimaterial interfaces, for which various analytic results are derived. To quantitatively test the proposed approach, we performed inertial Finite‐Element‐Method calculations for a finite‐size two‐dimensional elastically deformable body in rate‐and‐state frictional contact with a rigid body under sideway loading. We show that the theoretically predicted Lc and its finite‐size dependence are in reasonably good quantitative agreement with the full numerical solutions, lending support to the proposed approach. These results offer a theoretical framework for predicting rapid slip nucleation along frictional interfaces.