Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Is It Possible to See the Breaking Point of General Relativity near the Galactic Center Black Hole? Consideration of Scalaron and Higher-dimensional Gravity

The Galactic center black hole is a putative laboratory to test general relativity (GR) and constrain its alternatives. f(R) scalaron gravity is an interesting alternative to GR and has tremendous prospects for astrophysics and fundamental physics near the black hole. In this work, we search for breaking points of GR through estimation of pericenter shift of stellar orbits with semimajor axis a = (45–1000) au. The black hole spin is taken as the maximum χ = 0.99, and orbital eccentricity is taken as e = 0.9. We work with theoretical scalaron field amplitude and coupling, predicted by Kalita, and also consider the constraints reported by Hees et al. The scalaron mass is taken in the range (10−22–10−17) eV. It is found that GR suppresses scalaron gravity at all orbital radii for the theoretical values of scalaron field coupling predicted by Kalita. Breaking point arises only for higher scalaron coupling resulting from the Hees et al. observations within a few tens of au to a = 1000 au. We also estimate the pericenter shift with a power-law potential V(r) ∼ 1/r 2 arising in five-dimensional gravity and obtain allowed ranges of the five-dimensional Planck mass through existing bounds on the parameterized post-Newtonian parameters coming from the orbits of S-2, S-38, and S-55. The breaking point for GR arises for a five-dimensional Planck mass of about 104 GeV. Constraint on this parameter, expected from the astrometric capabilities of existing and upcoming large telescopes, is also presented.
Reaching the Oldest Stars beyond the Local Group: Ancient Star Formation in UGC 4483

We present new WFC3/UVIS observations of UGC 4483, the closest example of a metal-poor blue compact dwarf galaxy, with a metallicity of Z ≃ 1/15 Z ⊙ and located at a distance of D ≃ 3.4 Mpc. The extremely high quality of our new data allows us to clearly resolve the multiple stellar evolutionary phases populating the color–magnitude diagram (CMD), to reach more than 4 mag deeper than the tip of the red giant branch, and to detect for the first time core He-burning stars with masses ≲2 M ⊙, populating the red clump and possibly the horizontal branch (HB) of the galaxy. By applying the synthetic CMD method to our observations, we determine an average star formation rate over the whole Hubble time of at least (7.01±0.44)×10−4 M⊙yr−1 , corresponding to a total astrated stellar mass of (9.60±0.61)×106 M ⊙, 87% of which went into stars at epochs earlier than 1 Gyr ago. With our star formation history recovery method we find the best fit with a distance modulus of DM = 27.45 ± 0.10, slightly lower than previous estimates. Finally, we find strong evidence of an old (≳10 Gyr) stellar population in UGC 4483 thanks to the detection of an HB phase and the identification of six candidate RR Lyrae variable stars.
The Influence of Income Level on Creativity: An Experimental Study

Since the 1980s, the related research of creativity has become the focus of attention in the field of management. With the presentation, enrichment, and development of the construal level theory, it provides a new perspective for the study of creativity. Some studies have been made to explore the relationship between the three dimensions of psychological distance, time distance, spatial distance, and social distance. The purposes of this study are two: first, to verify the impact of income level on college students' creativity; second, try to expand the dimension of psychological distance, put forward the concept of income distance, and try to explore whether there is a construal level of the intermediary variable acting on the level of income and creativity. Based on a questionnaire survey of college students, we analyze the collected data and found that starting up the psychological state of poor or wealthy college students had a significant impact on their level of creativity. That is, there is a significant positive relationship between income level and creativity; In addition, we also introduced the construal level as a mediating variable in the study, but the results show that the construal level has no intermediary effect between income level and creativity.
Abundant Evidence That Frequent Sports or Physical Activities Positively Affect Academic Performance

Background: To investigate the effect of physical activity and sports on the academic performance of higher education students in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia during the academic years 2017/2018 and 2018/2019. Methods: A 15-item internetbased survey was distributed among students both members and non-members of Jeddah Runners Club (JRC) studying in public and private universities in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. The survey collected participants’ information such as demographic details, important habits, sport and physical activities, and GPA scores. Responses reached a total of (N=425) male %87.3 (N= 371) and female %12.7 (N=54) and the data was analyzed using IBM SPSS. Results: Results show that there is a significant negative linear relationship between the time students spend doing no physical activity and their GPA scores (β = -0.28, P<0.05). However, there is a statistically significant positive linear relationship between GPA scores and the time spent in sports or physical activity (β = 0.12, P<0.05). Similarly, the time students spend in sports or physical activity in their colleges also positively affects their academic performance (β = 0.10, P<0.05). Ultimately, the more time spent in doing sports or physical activity in or outside their colleges, the better they achieve in their academic performance. Conclusion: The more time spent in physical activity or sports in or outside colleges, the better academic performance will be. Public physical activities and sports are highly welcomed by the Saudi community. Saudi women have shown an increasing interest in doing public physical activities and sports.
Early stimulation and nutrition Working Paper Early Stimulation: The Impacts of a Scalable Intervention §

In this paper, we evaluate the effects of the implementation of a structured early stimulation curriculum and a nutritional intervention through public parenting support services for vulnerable families living in rural areas of Colombia (known as FAMI), on children’s development and parental behaviors. We use a clustered randomized controlled trial that assigns 87 towns to treatment and control, to evaluate the effects of these interventions on children growth and development. 1,460 children younger than 1 year of age were assessed at baseline. The interventions were also complemented with training, supervision and coaching of FAMI program facilitators. We assessed program effects on children’s nutritional status, and on cognitive and socioemotional development; as well as on parental practices. The interventions had positive and significant effects on the Bayley-III cognitive scale (0.15 SD), receptive language (0.11 SD), expressive language (0.14 SD) and gross motor scales (0.14 SD). We also report a reduction in the risk of stunting of -0.13 SDs. We do not find any effects on socio-emotional development. We report positive and statistically significant effects on the number of toy materials at home (0.36 SD), the number of varieties of play materials (0.28 SD), and the number of varieties of play activities with adults at home over the past three days (0.17 SD). ________________________________________________ p<0.1. Covariates included: gender, household wealth index (binary), maternal PPVT score, teenage mother and BL weight for age and height for age z-scores.
A Multicenter Cross-sectional Study to Assess the Knowledge of Oral Health Problems Among Diabetes Patients in Saudi Arabia

Objectives: The aims of this study were:1) to assess the awareness of diabetes and its systemic and oral complications among adults with diabetes in Saudi Arabia, 2) to evaluate their behaviors toward maintaining proper oral hygiene and factors associated with adequate oral health knowledge, and 3) to identify what recommendations and improvements are needed in diabetic clinics in KSA. Methods: A validated questionnaire of six parts was distributed online to include all diabetes patients in Saudi Arabia. After applying the criteria, 400 diabetes responses were included. The data was analyzed using SPSS statistical software version 24. Descriptive statistics, univariate and multivariate analysis were used to report the results. Results: Participants’ responses showed that older aged patients with type 2 diabetes and the longer duration of diabetes had higher levels of awareness regarding oral health. However, their knowledge about being at high risk for oral diseases was low compared to their awareness regarding systemic complications. Relatively lower percentages of the participants (55.9%) were aware that diabetes can make teeth and gums worse and that gum disease makes it harder to control blood sugar (24.8%). Almost two thirds of the individuals believed that they should have regular visits to dental clinics, but many barriers were identified for their irregularity or no visits. With regards to the participants’ source of information, 52% learned from health care providers, and 50% from the internet. Conclusions: Our study revealed comparatively better results of awareness than previous studies reported in Saudi Arabia, however not to the desired standard. Therefore, both dentists and all healthcare providers should be encouraged to take the responsibility to promote proper oral hygiene practices among their diabetic patients in order to reduce the risk of having periodontal diseases. Further research is required to identify obstacles preventing those patients from having regular dentist visits. Key words: Diabetes, oral health, periodontal disease, awareness, Saudi Arabia
Economic Reforms and Growth Experiences: Lessons from the 1990s

That many states are failing to deliver on their most basic functions is a harsh reality. Generalizations are dangerous given the wide diversity of developing countries. But the typical developing country state today is faced with rising expectations, an increasing and disparate population, and a rapidly changing international environment that are outstripping its ability to deliver public goods and services. States have responded with varying degrees of competence to these challenges and cover the whole spectrum. At one end, are the failed states, where governments barely exist, and when they do, hardly provide any services. At the other extreme are a handful of countries where leadership and bureaucracies are relatively competent and governments are doing well by the people. In between are a wide spectrum: weak or predatory states which “consume the surplus they extract, encourage private actors to shift from productive activities to unproductive rent seeking and fail to provide collective goods” (Evans, 1995:24); young democracies struggling with a difficult political transition, managing simultaneous political and economic liberalization with weak bureaucracies and few checks and balances; more mature democracies where governments are doing the best they can, but face the same difficulties as the advanced countries when it comes to political corruption and abuse of office. Then there are the large continental size polities like India and Brazil which are difficult to categorize, because within their national boundaries can be found the entire range of governance configurations. There is as little in common between Peru and Pakistan as there is between China and Chad. But all countries now face a common challenge: how to get governance “right. ”
AERODYNAMIC DESIGN OF A HIGH-LIFT SYSTEM WITH FLEXIBLE DROOP-NOSE FOR A LONG HAUL BUSINESS JET CONFIGURATION

The flexible droop-nose leading edge is studied and integrated into the aerodynamic design of the high-lift system for the Chinese Aeronautical Establishment Aerodynamics Validation Model (CAE-AVM) representing a transonic long haul business jet, through numerical and experimental investigations. The high-lift system design techniques and numerical tools have been proven efficient. The innovative configuration of CAE-AVM-HL (High-lift) featuring an inboard flexible droop-nose and outboard slat for the leading edge, a single slot Fowler flap at the trailing edge, provides good balance of the complexity and maximum lift coefficient. A 1:5.6 scale wind tunnel model has been made and tested in the 8x6 meter test section of DNW-LLF, the aerodynamic performance of CAE-AVM-HL with maximum lift coefficient 2.56 and stall angle of attack 19o satisfies design target. The correlation between CFD and experimental results has been validated. The effectiveness of the small flow control fences to eliminate early flow separation near the adjacent area of droop-nose and slat has been demonstrated.
Skeletal maturation pattern among Down Syndrome

Nigerian Journal of Dental Research | Volume 7 issue 1 1 w w w . n jd re s. co m ABSTRACT Background: The assessment of skeletal maturity is important in the timing of orthodontic treatment especially in the modification of dento-facial growth. The use of cervical vertebrae as a method of assessment of skeletal maturity has rarely been used among Down Syndrome. Objective: To assess skeletal maturity among individuals with Down Syndrome using the cervical vertebrae maturation stages. Methods: The study was conducted among 21 Down Syndrome with mean ages of 11.70  1.83 years (males) and 13.64  1.75 years (female); and 21 control individuals with mean ages of 12.00  2.00 years (male), and 13.50  1.90 years (female). The independent t-test and chi-square test were used to determine significant differences among the continuous (age) and categorical variables (cervical vertebrae maturation stages) respectively when matched with gender and chronological age. Fischer exact test was used when an expected frequency presentation was <5. A p-value of < 0.05 was set as statistically significant. Results: Down Syndrome males had delayed maturation at 11 years but accelerated at 12 with early attainment of maturity at 15 years. Down Syndrome female had a delay tendency in skeletal maturation from 11–15 years of age. Overall, Down Syndrome had a 1.242 probability of either having a delay or advancement in skeletal maturation which was not statistically significant. Conclusively, the skeletal maturation pattern between Down syndrome patients and normal individuals was not statistically different. Conclusion: The average timing for commencement of orthodontic treatment especially growth modification for normal individuals can be applied for individuals with Down Syndrome as this present study did not show any statistically significant difference in their overall skeletal maturation.
Innovation, Product Sophistication and Export Market Survival: A Study of Indian Manufacturing

The present study investigates the role of innovation on global market survival of Indian manufacturing firms. Specifically, the study examines whether research and development (R&D) investment enables firms to survive longer in export markets and global value chain markets. To achieve this objective, we source information on firms trading behaviour and R&D investments from the CMIE-Prowess database for the period 2001–18. Using a complementary log-log model, we find that firms investing in R&D experience a lower probability of exiting international markets. In addition, multiple sub-sample analysis indicates that importance of R&D becomes even more prominent for small and medium-sized firms. Based on the empirical findings, the study proposed policy suggestions for India.
The Determinants of Audit Fees: Evidence From Private Banks in Ethiopia

The main objective of this study was to investigate factors determining audit fees in Ethiopian private banks, with specific emphasis on how the client size, client profitability, client complexity, audit risk, audit firm size, audit tenure and audit report lag impact on audit fee. This was informed by the fact that most research on audit fee models has been done in developed countries while little study is available in developing countries like Ethiopia. The study was based on a sample of 10 private banks covering a time period of nine years from 2009 to 2017 (90 observations). The data employed in this study was secondary data from annual reports of the banks. Panel data regression analysis based on fixed effects model was used in the analysis of the variables in this study. The panel fixed effects regression result’s coefficient of determination (R2) was 0.6349 implying that 63.49% of the variation in audit fees is explained by the variables in the study, while 36.51% of the audit fee variance is explained by the error term. The results of the study indicated that the amount of audit fees is significantly influenced by client size, client complexity, and audit tenure. However, this research revealed that there was no significant relationship between audit fee and client profitability, audit firm size, audit risk and audit report lag.
Linear Differential-Algebraic Boundary Value Problem with Pulse Influence

The study of differential-algebraic boundary value problems was initiated in the works of K. Weierstrass, N. N. Luzin and F. R. Gantmacher. Systematic study of differential-algebraic boundary value problems is devoted to the works of S. Campbell, Yu. E. Boyarintsev, V. F. Chistyakov, A. M. Samoilenko, M. O. Perestyuk, V. P. Yakovets, O. A. Boichuk, A. Ilchmann and T. Reis [3]. The study of the differential-algebraic boundary value problems is associated with numerous applications of such problems in the theory of nonlinear oscillations, in mechanics, biology, radio engineering, theory of control, theory of motion stability. At the same time, the study of differential algebraic boundary value problems is closely related to the study of pulse boundary value problems for differential equations, initiated by M. O. Bogolybov, A. D. Myshkis, A. M. Samoilenko, M. O. Perestyk and O. A. Boichuk. Consequently, the actual problem is the transfer of the results obtained in the articles by S. Campbell, A. M. Samoilenko, M. O. Perestyuk and O. A. Boichuk on pulse linear boundary value problems for differential-algebraic equations, in particular finding the necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of the desired solutions, and also the construction of the Green operator of the Cauchy problem and the generalized Green operator of a pulse linear boundary value problem for a differential-algebraic equation [2, 3, 5]. In this article we found the conditions of the existence and constructive scheme for finding the solutions z(t) ∈ C { [a, b] \ {τi}I }
A Penny for Your Thoughts

How do communication costs affect the production of new ideas and inventions? To answer this question, we study the introduction of the Uniform Penny Post in Great Britain in 1840. This reform replaced the previous system of expensive distance-based postage fees with a uniform low rate of one penny for sending letters anywhere in the country. The result was a large spatially-varied reduction in the cost of communicating across locations. We study the impact of this reform on the production of scientific knowledge using citation links constructed from a leading academic journal, the Philosophical Transactions and the impact on the development of new technology using patent data. Our results provide quantitative causal estimates showing how a fall in communication costs can increase the rate at which scientific knowledge is exchanged and new ideas and technologies are developed. This evidence lends direct empirical support to an extensive theoretical literature in economic growth and urban economics positing that more ideas can emerge from communication between individuals.
Implementing Incentive-Sensitization Theory of Addiction with Nengo Neural Network Simulator

We present ﬁrst steps towards a biologically grounded implementation of the Incentive-Sensitization Theory of addiction. We present multiple different plausible ways of mapping this theory into a computational model, and examine the resulting behaviour to see whether it accords with standard interpretations of the theory. This is the ﬁrst step in a larger project to create a computationally tractible and biologically motivated model of addiction to help clarify and ground various terms in the theory.
to comments of AOAS2106-024R1

Repeated observations have become increasingly common in biomedical research and longitudinal studies. For instance, wearable sensor devices are deployed to continuously track physiological and biological signals from each individual over multiple days. It remains of great interest to appropriately evaluate how the daily distribution of biosignals might diﬀer across disease groups and demographics. Hence these data could be formulated as multivariate complex object data such as probability densities, histograms, and observations on a tree. Traditional statistical methods would often fail to apply as they are sampled from an arbitrary non-Euclidean metric space. In this paper, we propose novel non-parametric graph-based two-sample tests for object data with the same structure of repeated measures. We treat the repeated measured object data as multivariate object data, which requires the same number of repeated observations per individual, but eliminates any assumptions on the errors of the repeated measures. A set of test statistics are proposed to capture various possible alternatives. We derive their asymptotic null distributions under the permutation null. These tests exhibit substantial power improvements over the existing methods while controlling the type I errors under ﬁnite samples as shown through simulation studies. The proposed tests are demonstrated to provide additional insights on the location, inter-and intra-individual variability of the daily physical activity distributions in a sample of studies for mood disorders.
Cleavage-defective Topoisomerase I mutants sharply increase G-quadruplex-associated genomic instability

Topoisomerase 1 (Top1) removes transcription-associated helical stress to suppress G4-formation and its induced recombination at genomic loci containing guanine-run containing sequences. Interestingly, Top1 binds tightly to G4 structures, and its inhibition or depletion can cause elevated instability at these genomic loci. Top1 is targeted by the widely used anti-cancer chemotherapeutic camptothecin (CPT) and its derivatives, which stabilize Top1 covalently attached on a DNA nick and prevent the re-ligation step. Here we investigated how CPT-resistance conferring Top1 mutants, which emerge in cancer patients and cells treated with CPT, affect G4-induced genomic instability in S. cerevisiae. We found that Top1 mutants form stable complexes with G4 DNA and that expression of Top1 cleavage-defective mutants but not a DNA-binding-defective mutant lead to significantly elevated instability at a G4-forming genomic locus. Elevated recombination rates were partly suppressed by their proteolytic removal by SPRTN homolog Wss1 SUMO-dependent metalloprotease in vivo. Furthermore, interaction between G4-DNA binding protein Nsr1, a homolog to clinically-relevant human nucleolin, and Top1 mutants lead to a synergistic increase in G4-associated recombination. These results in the yeast system are strengthened by our cancer genome data analyses showing that functionally detrimental mutations in Top1 correlate with an enrichment of mutations at G4 motifs. Our collective experimental and computational findings point to cooperative binding of Top1 cleavage-defective mutants and Nsr1 as promoting DNA replication blockage and exacerbating genomic instability at G4-motifs, thus complicating patient treatment.