Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Investigating Parton Energy Loss in the Quark-Gluon Plasma with Jet-hadron Correlations and Jet Azimuthal Anisotrophy at STAR

Investigating Parton Energy Loss in the Quark-Gluon Plasma with Jet-hadron Correlations and Jet Azimuthal Anisotropy at STAR Alice Elisabeth Ohlson 2013 In high-energy collisions of gold nuclei at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) and of lead nuclei at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC), a new state of matter known as the Quark-Gluon Plasma (QGP) is formed. This strongly-coupled, deconfined state of quarks and gluons represents the high energy-density limit of quantum chromodynamics. The QGP can be probed by high-momentum quarks and gluons (collectively known as partons) that are produced in hard scatterings early in the collision. The partons traverse the QGP and fragment into collimated “jets” of hadrons. Studies of parton energy loss within the QGP, or medium-induced jet quenching, can lead to insights into the interactions between a colored probe (a parton) and the colored medium (the QGP). Two analyses of jet quenching in relativistic heavy ion collisions are presented here. In the jet-hadron analysis, the distributions of charged hadrons with respect to the axis of a reconstructed jet are investigated as a function of azimuthal angle and transverse momentum (pT). It is shown that jets that traverse the QGP are softer (consisting of fewer high-pT fragments and more low-pT constituents) than jets in p+p collisions. There are also indications that the shapes of the distributions of charged hadrons about the jet axis are modified by interactions with the QGP. The results are quantitatively consistent with two models of medium-induced radiative parton energy loss. A measurement of jet v2, defined as the correlation between reconstructed jets and the reaction plane or 2nd-harmonic participant plane (approximated by the 2ndharmonic event plane), provides information about the medium-induced pathlengthdependence of parton energy loss. The event plane is reconstructed with detectors at forward pseudorapidity in order to reduce the artificial jet – event plane bias, which results from jet fragments being included in the event plane calculation. A non-zero jet v2 is measured, indicating that more jets are reconstructed with a higher energy in-plane compared to out-of-plane, which demonstrates that the parton energy loss depends on the length of the parton’s path through the QGP. The data analyzed here were collected in p
Natural Antimicrobials Promote the Anti-Oxidative Inhibition of COX-2 Mediated Inflammatory Response in Primary Oral Cells Infected with Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes and Enterococcus faecalis

Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes and Enterococcus faecalis can colonize the tooth root canals, adhere to dentin walls, and frequently cause periodontitis in dogs. Bacterial periodontal diseases are common in domesticated pets, causing severe oral cavity inflammation and a strong immune response. This study investigates the antioxidant effect of a natural antimicrobial mixture (Auraguard—Ag) on the ability of S. aureus, S. pyogenes and E. faecalis to infect primary canine oral epithelial cells as well as its impact on their virulence factors. Our data show that a concentration of 0.25% Ag is sufficient to inhibit the growth of all three pathogens, whereas a concentration of 0.5% will become bactericidal. The sub-inhibitory concentration of 0.125% Ag reveals that the antimicrobial mixture can significantly reduce biofilm formation and exopolysaccharide production. The impact on these virulence factors was further translated into a significantly reduced ability to infect primary canine oral epithelial cells and restore epithelial tight junctions, with no impact on the epithelial cell viability. The post-infection inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β and IL-8) and the COX-2 mediator were also reduced both in mRNA and protein expression levels. The oxidative burst, detected upon infection, was also decreased in the presence of Ag, as our results show a significant decrease in H2O2 released by the infected cells. We show that inhibition of either NADPH or ERK activity will result in a downregulation of COX-2 expression and lower levels of H2O2 in infected cells. Conclusively, our study shows that natural antimicrobials reduce pro-inflammatory events, post infection, through an antioxidative mechanism that involves the downregulation of the COX-2 mediator via the inactivation of ERK in the absence of H2O2. As a result, they significantly reduce the risk of secondary bacterial infections and host oxidative stress caused by Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes and Enterococcus faecalis accumulation in biofilms in an in vitro canine oral infection model.
An Analytic Model for the Clear-Sky Longwave Feedback

Climate models and observations robustly agree that Earth’s clear-sky longwave feedback has a value of about -2 W m−2 K−1, suggesting that this feedback can be estimated from first principles. In this study, we derive an analytic model for Earth’s clear-sky longwave feedback. Our approach uses a novel spectral decomposition that splits the feedback into four components: a surface Planck feedback, and three atmospheric feedbacks from CO2, H2O, and the H2O continuum. We obtain analytic expressions for each of these terms, and the model can also be framed in terms of Simpson’s Law and deviations therefrom. We validate the model by comparing it against line-by-line radiative transfer calculations across a wide range of climates. Additionally, the model qualitatively matches the spatial feedback maps of a comprehensive climate model. For present-day Earth, our analysis shows that the clear-sky longwave feedback is dominated by the surface in the global mean and in the dry subtropics; meanwhile, atmospheric feedbacks from CO2 and H2O become important in the inner tropics. Together, these results show that a spectral view of Earth’s clear-sky longwave feedback elucidates not only its global-mean magnitude, but also its spatial pattern and its state-dependence across past and future climates.
Analytical model for photon peripheral dose estimation in radiotherapy treatments

This work aims to generate a simple analytical model that allows estimation of peripheral photon equivalent dose to organs of individual patients, valid for any isocentric technique. Photon radiation scattered in the LINAC head has been simulated as a virtual source of radiation emitting isotropically so that, before reaching a point inside the patient, it decreases with the square law and with attenuation due to air and tissue. Leakage has been simulated as a constant background dose along the patient. Firstly, a dose-to-points basic model was proposed and parameterized by fitting it to absorbed doses measured with TLD-700 in a humanoid phantom. Secondly, this model was generalized to any other situation involving intensity-modulated beams of any size and shape. Validation of this general model, usable beyond 10 cm from the field edge, was carried out by comparing estimation with TLD-100 doses for VMAT and IMRT treatments as well as with experimental data and models existing in the bibliography. Finally, an equivalent dose-to-organs model has been proposed by rescaling individual anatomical dimensions onto a mathematical phantom in order to make an estimation of organ length for dose calculation. The parameterized extended model, accounting for intensity-modulated beams of any shape, predicts measurements with a maximum relative uncertainty of ±25%. This general model, easy to apply in a clinical routine thanks to the ready availability of input parameters, has been proposed and validated for estimation of photon equivalent doses to peripheral organs. Finally, as a first step, it has been implemented into a piece of software termed PERIPHOCAL (PERIpheral PHOton CALculation), which is easily transferred to a commercial treatment planning system (TPS).
Variance of a Weighted Mean

In many areas of statistical practice the problem arises of combining several estimates of an unknown quantity to obtain an estimate of improved precision. For example, suppose two or more technicians have performed assays on several samples from a homogeneous material. It is desired to average their results in the best manner possible, allowing for the fact that technicians differ in precision. In general the relative precisions are not known exactly, but estimates are available from current or previous experimental data. A similar problem arises in the analysis of incomplete block experiments. The "intra-block" and "inter-block" estimates of varietal means have different variances, and the recovery of "inter-block information" is an attempt to combine these estimates in the most efficient manner. Although similar methods are applicable, the experimental design problem differs from the simple case of weighted means in several important respects. An investigation of this problem in the case of simple lattice designs will be presented in a subsequent paper. The model for the first problem may be described as follows. Let U1, UkfU? be k estimates of a parameter ,u, being independently and normally distributed with mean ,u and variances o, . Also let s2, . , s. 2 be independent unbiased estimates of the _2 having
Assessing the Efficacy of Cryptocurrency Applications’ Affiliate Marketing Process on Supply Chain Firms’ Website Visibility

Recent developments in blockchain technology have enabled the development of wallet applications for storing peoples’ cryptocurrency reserves. Cryptocurrency wallet applications could deploy affiliate marketing processes to increase the visibility of their products. From these affiliate marketing processes, supply chain firms in the air forwarding sector that seek to advertise their services to a larger audience could be benefited. This research examines whether affiliate marketing initials of cryptocurrency wallet applications affect their digital marketing efficiency, as well as whether air forwarding firms’ website visibility could be benefited from them. After collecting the required Web Analytic data, the authors performed statistical analysis (correlations and linear regressions), followed by Fuzzy Cognitive Mapping (FCM) macroanalysis and Hybrid Modeling (HM) microanalysis to assess the outcomes of cryptocurrency wallet applications’ affiliate marketing programs. Hence, from the deployed methodology, valuable insights arose. The first part of the produced outcomes concerns the effect of cryptocurrency wallet application affiliate marketing metrics on their digital marketing results. The increased implications of affiliate marketing metrics (referring domains, backlinks, etc.) decrease the number of pages their visitors see. Regarding the air forwarder firms’ website visibility, specific metrics (branded and referral traffic) were increased and others (social traffic) were decreased from the increment of cryptocurrency wallet application affiliate marketing metrics (backlinks, internal links, etc.). Supply chain firms, in the air forwarding sector, could have increased website visibility by deploying advertisements and affiliate marketing initiatives with cryptocurrency wallet organizations. Summing up, specific affiliate marketing metrics of cryptocurrency wallet applications are capable of significantly impacting their digital marketing performance and also constitute determinant factors of supply chain firms’ website visibility.
Better Incentives, Better Marks: A Synthetic Control Evaluation of the Educational Policies in Ceará, Brazil

This article evaluates the effects of two educational policies implemented in the Brazilian state of Ceará. The first was a tax incentive (TI) for mayors to improve municipal education. Under this policy, municipal tax transfers were conditioned on educational achievement. The second was a program to offer educational technical assistance (TA) to municipalities. The impact of these policies was estimated by employing the synthetic control method to create a synthetic Ceará not affected by TI and TA. When the two policies were combined, the results were consistent with a 12 percent increase in Portuguese test scores in primary education and a 6.5 percent increase in lower secondary education. There were similar increases in mathematics test scores; however, these were not statistically significant. This study also investigates the impact of educational interventions on upper secondary schools, which, despite not being directly affected by the new policies, received better-prepared students from lower secondary schools. The findings show no effect on this level of education, highlighting the need for debate on how to extend the benefits of educational policies to upper secondary schools, as well as to other Brazilian states. This research is the first to analyze the impacts of the policies in Ceará on primary, lower secondary, and upper secondary schools using data from 1995 to 2019.
Serum neurofilament light-chain levels and long-term treatment outcomes in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis patients: A post hoc analysis of the randomized CombiRx trial

Background CombiRx was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 3 trial in treatment-naive relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) patients randomized to intramuscular interferon beta-1a (IM IFN beta-1a), glatiramer acetate (GA), or both therapies. Objective This analysis investigated changes in serum neurofilament light-chain (sNfL) levels in response to treatment and assessed baseline sNfL as a predictor of relapse. Methods RRMS patients treated with IM IFN beta-1a 30 µg weekly + placebo (n = 159), GA 20 mg/mL daily + placebo (n = 172), or IM IFN beta-1a + GA (n = 344) were included. A linear mixed model compared sNfL values over time. Cox regression models analyzed baseline sNfL and gadolinium-enhancing (Gd+) lesions as predictors of relapse. Results In all treatment arms, the proportion of patients with sNfL ≥16 pg/mL decreased significantly from baseline to 6 months and was maintained at 36 months. A significantly higher percentage of patients with both baseline sNfL ≥16 pg/mL and ≥1 Gd+ lesion experienced relapses within 90 days compared to patients with sNfL <16 pg/mL and/or no Gd+ lesions. Conclusion sNfL levels were reduced within 6 months and remained low at 36 months. Results suggest that the combination of lesion activity and sNfL was a stronger predictor of relapse than either factor alone.
Fundamentals of coding type problems

Abstract An overview on finite spaces with coding type problems and its connection to sphere packing problems is given. In order to develop a common theory, the notion of a finite premetric space is introduced. Several types of spaces are considered and characterizing conditions are listed. Independence and error-correcting capability are connected and upper bounds on the maximum cardinalities are discussed.
Production of subsurface drip-irrigated okra under different lateral spacings and irrigation frequencies

In this study, an experiment was conducted to investigate the optimum lateral spacing and irrigation frequency for subsurface drip irrigated okra in the semi-arid region of Haryana (India). Two lateral spacings (45 cm and 60 cm) and four irrigation frequencies (daily, after 1, 2 and 3 days) were selected to grow okra in the Kharif season of 2019 and 2020. The effect on soil water dynamics, growth parameters, efficiency and yield were assessed using equal amounts of water under all the treatments on the basis of pan evaporation. The results from the study depict that the overall soil moisture decreased laterally, but increased vertically downward with the increase in the irrigation interval. On the basis of soil water dynamics, plant growth parameters, efficiency and yield of okra, it was concluded that subsurface drip irrigation with daily irrigation at 45 cm lateral spacing gives better performance than all other treatments in sandy loam soil. The present study highlights the significance of proper irrigation frequency and lateral spacing for maximum production of okra. Using these guidelines, the income of okra growers/farmers in the semi-arid region may be increased by choosing the best frequency and lateral spacing of subsurface drip irrigation.
Does Prehabilitation Before Surgery Affect Return to Sport in Baseball Pitchers With Partial Ulnar Collateral Ligament Tears?

Background: Purposeful rehabilitation before surgery (prehabilitation) has been researched and implemented in the treatment of anterior cruciate ligament tears. However, it is unclear whether prehabilitation would affect outcomes for baseball pitchers with partial ulnar collateral ligament (UCL) tears. Purpose/Hypothesis: The purpose of this study was to determine whether baseball pitchers with partial UCL tears who completed ≥4 weeks of prehabilitation (prehab group) have different return to play (RTP) outcomes than pitchers with 0 to 3 weeks of preoperative physical therapy (no prehab group). We hypothesized that pitchers in the prehab group would have similar RTP rates compared with pitchers in the no prehab group. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: Baseball pitchers of all competitive levels who underwent primary UCL reconstruction (UCLR) or UCL repair between 2010 and 2019 were included. Physician chart notes, magnetic resonance images, and operative notes were screened to confirm primary UCLR or UCL repair of a partial UCL tear and to identify whether the nonoperative treatment had been attempted. Patients were contacted via RedCap for postoperative complications, reoperations, RTP, and patient-reported outcomes (Kerlan-Jobe Orthopaedic Clinic score, Andrews-Timmerman score, Conway-Jobe score, and satisfaction). Results: Overall, 105 baseball pitchers (n = 55 prehab group; n = 50 no prehab group) were included and evaluated at 3.4 ± 2.5 years postoperatively. Six pitchers underwent UCL repair, and 99 pitchers underwent UCLR. All demographic characteristics were similar between groups except the prehab group received a gracilis graft more frequently (76.5% vs 51.2%; P = .038). The RTP rate (prehab [88.1%] vs no prehab [93.8%]; P = .465) was similar between groups. All other postoperative outcomes were also similar between groups, including revision rates and patient-reported outcomes. Conclusion: Postoperative and patient-reported outcomes did not differ significantly between pitchers with partial UCL tears who performed rehabilitation before UCL surgery and pitchers who did not attempt a significant period of rehabilitation before UCL surgery. Clinicians should feel comfortable recommending rehabilitation for patients with partial UCL tears who wish to attempt a period of nonoperative treatment, as postoperative outcomes are not affected if UCL surgery is later needed.
Subtle Cutback Management and Exhaustion: Qualitative Job Insecurity as a Mediator in a Sample of Dutch and Belgian Employees

As an answer to crises such as COVID-19, organizations implemented more subtle forms of cutback measures such as wage moderation, loan sacrifice and recruitment freezes aimed at maintaining a financially healthy organization. In this study, the association between subtle cutback management and employee exhaustion was studied, and it was investigated whether this potential linkage can be explained by employee perceptions of increased qualitative job insecurity or the fear that valued features of the job will decrease in the near future. This research thereby extends prior research on the consequences of cutback management as well as regarding the antecedents of qualitative job insecurity. A cross-sectional online survey was conducted on a sample of workers (N = 218) active in various organizations in the Netherlands and Belgium. Regression analysis was applied to test hypotheses. Mediation was investigated by means of Hayes PROCESS macro. The results of the study indicate that there is no direct relationship between subtle cutback measures deployed at the workplace and employee exhaustion. However, the analyses further reveal that subtle cutback management is positively related to the experience of qualitative job insecurity in workers and that enhanced qualitative job insecurity is positively related to employee exhaustion. Qualitative job insecurity fully mediates the relationship between subtle cutback management and employee exhaustion.
On the quadratic functional equation on groups

We study the solutions f : G ! H of the quadratic functional equation on G, where G and H are groups, H abelian. We show that any solution f is a function on the quotient group [G,[G,G]]. By help of this we find sucient conditions on G for all solutions to satisfy Kannappan’s condition. We use this to derive explicit formulas for the solutions on various groups like, e.g., the (ax + b)-group and GL(n, ).
STUDY OF MARANGONI INSTABILITY OF AN EVAPORATING LIQUID LAYER

Abstract The onset of Marangoni instability of an evaporating liquid layer is studied theoretically. By assuming the surface regression of the liquid layer is negligibly small and the surrounding gas phase is asymptotically steady, similarity solutions are obtained prior to the onset of instability. Linear stability analysis is then applied to obtain the critical Marangoni number for the onset of instability. The results indicate that : (1) The onset condition is a strong function of the initial temperature of the liquid layer with which the critical Marangoni number decreases. (2) As time proceeds, the thermal boundary layer thickness near the free surface becomes larger, and the liquid layer becomes more unstable. (3) For a liquid layer with a higher initial temperature (closer to the boiling point) the most unstable mode of the disturbance shifts from a lower wave number to a higher wave number.
Intermittency of magnetic field turbulence: Astrophysical applications of in-situ observations

We briefly review some aspects of magnetic turbulence intermittency observed in space plasmas. Deviation of statistical characteristics of a system (e.g. its high statistical momenta) from the Gaussian can manifest itself as domination of rare large intensity peaks often associated with the intermittency in the system's dynamics. Thirty years ago, Zeldovich stressed the importance of the non-Gaussian appearance of the sharp values of vector and scalar physical parameters in random media as a factor of magnetic field amplification in cosmic structures. Magnetic turbulence is governing the behavior of collisionless plasmas in space and especially the physics of shocks and magnetic reconnections. Clear evidence of intermittent magnetic turbulence was found in recent in-situ spacecraft measurements of magnetic fields in the near-Earth and interplanetary plasma environments. We discuss the potentially promising approaches of incorporating the knowledge gained from spacecraft in-situ measurements into modern models describing plasma dynamics and radiation in various astrophysical systems. As an example, we discuss supernova remnants (SNRs) which are known to be the sources of energy, momentum, chemical elements, and high-energy cosmic rays (CRs) in galaxies. Supernova shocks accelerate charged particles to very high energies and may strongly amplify turbulent magnetic fields via instabilities driven by CRs. Relativistic electrons accelerated in SNRs radiate polarized synchrotron emission in a broad range of frequencies spanning from the radio to gamma-rays. We discuss the effects of intermittency of magnetic turbulence on the images of polarized synchrotron X-ray emission of young SNRs and emission spectra of pulsar wind nebula.