Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Coumarin-Containing Light-Responsive Carboxymethyl Chitosan Micelles as Nanocarriers for Controlled Release of Pesticide

Currently, controlled release formulations (CRFs) of pesticides in response to biotic and/or abiotic stimuli have shown great potential for providing “on-demand” smart release of loaded active ingredients. In this study, amphiphilic biopolymers were prepared by introducing hydrophobic (7-diethylaminocoumarin-4-yl)methyl succinate (DEACMS) onto the main chain of hydrophilic carboxymethylchitosan (CMCS) via the formation of amide bonds which were able to self-assemble into spherical micelles in aqueous media and were utilized as light-responsive nanocarriers for the controlled release of pesticides. FTIR and NMR characterizations confirmed the successful synthesis of the CMCS-DEACMS conjugate. The critical micelle concentration (CMC) decreased with the increase in the substitution of DEACMS on CMCS, which ranged from 0.013 to 0.042 mg/mL. Upon irradiation under simulated sunlight, the hydrodynamic diameter, morphology, photophysical properties and photolysis were researched by means of dynamic light scattering (DLS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), UV-vis absorption spectroscopy and fluorescence spectroscopy. Moreover, 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) was used as a model pesticide and encapsulated into the CMCS-DEACMS micelles. In these micelle formulations, the release of 2,4-D was promoted upon simulated sunlight irradiation, during which the coumarin moieties were cleaved from the CMCS backbone, resulting in a shift of the hydrophilic–hydrophobic balance and destabilization of the micelles. Additionally, bioassay studies suggested that this 2,4-D contained which micelles showed good bioactivity on the target plant without harming the nontarget plant. Thereby, the light-responsive CMCS-DEACMS micelles bearing photocleavable coumarin moieties provide a smart delivery platform for agrochemicals.
Test, Trace, and Treatment Strategy to Control COVID-19 Infection Among Hospital Staff in a COVID-19 Referral Hospital in Indonesia.

BACKGROUND COVID-19 infection is caused by a novel coronavirus. One of the most used strategies that can be used to control the spread of COVID-19 is the 3T (test, trace, and treatment) strategy. This study aimed to evaluate the 3T strategy to control COVID-19 infection in a COVID-19 Referral Hospital in Depok, West Java, Indonesia. METHODS this is a cross-sectional study conducted at the University of Indonesia Hospital. The study was conducted in June 2020 with 742 participants (staff members) using secondary data from polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test results. We presented data in the descriptive form and performed bivariate analysis using the chi-square/Fischer test for categorical data. RESULTS the PCR test results were positive in 83 (11.1%) participants, with a case-per-tracing ratio of 1:24 and 1:2 in the first and third phases of tracing, respectively. The COVID-19 case graph for the participants decreased along with the implementation of the 3T strategy. The positivity rate in the first phase of tracing was 20% and decreased to 5% in the third phase of tracing. Staff with confirmed positive test results were advised to isolate themselves (hospital or self-isolation). Hospital isolation was found to be associated with the duration of PCR test conversion (p<0.001). CONCLUSION the 3T strategy is effective for controlling the spread of COVID-19. The strategy should be implemented simultaneously with other health precautions to reduce the risk of spreading infection.
Dental caries, periodontal disease and restorative dental care among Indigenous and non-Indigenous groups in Brazil: A descriptive study.

OBJECTIVE To compare patterns of dental caries, periodontal disease and dental care among Indigenous and non-Indigenous Central-West Brazilian subpopulations. METHODS Data were from two population-based cross-sectional studies involving 5-, 12-, 15-19- and 35-44-year-olds. The first examined were the Guarani, Kaiowá, Terena and Kadiwéu Indigenous groups from Mato Grosso do Sul Brazilian state and the second comprised a non-Indigenous population. Mean numbers of sound teeth, decayed, missing and filled teeth (dmft/DMFT), prevalence of poor oral hygiene for adults (35-44 years) and of periodontal disease were estimated. Restorative dental service utilization was measured using the Care Index. RESULTS The study populations comprised of 1830 Indigenous and 29 395 non-Indigenous people. The Kaiwoá ethnic group had the lowest DMFT among Indigenous groups for ages 12, 15-19 years; 0.9 (95% CI 0.7-1.1) and 2.4 (95% CI 1.9-2.9), respectively. The highest values were observed among the 12-year-old Terena ethnic group and 15- to 19-year-old Kadiwéo groups; 2.2 (95% CI 1.8-2.5) and 3.7 (95% CI 3.1-4.4), respectively. The mean DMFT values were significantly lower among Indigenous than non-Indigenous people for all age groups. The prevalence of bleeding and calculus was 70.3% (95% CI 64.5%-75.5%) and 80.1% (95% CI 74.8%-84.5%), respectively, for Indigenous people and 43.9% (95% CI 34.4%-50.7%) and 61.5% (95% CI 55.4%-67.2%), respectively, for the non-Indigenous population. Restorative services were higher among 5-year-old non-Indigenous children and adults than for Indigenous groups. Among Indigenous groups, the Terena had the highest level of restored teeth (38.0% at 12 years) and Kadiwéu the lowest level (8.8% at 12 years). CONCLUSION In our study, Indigenous people had a lower caries burden, but less access to restorative services than their non-Indigenous counterparts. These disparities likely reflect differences in historical, socioeconomic, cultural, environmental and political determinants that both groups have experienced differently over time.
Rock tea (Jasonia glutinosa (L.) DC.) polyphenolic extract inhibits triglyceride accumulation in 3T3-L1 adipocyte-like cells and obesity related enzymes in vitro.

Jasonia glutinosa (L.) DC. , also known in Spain as "té de roca" (rock tea, RT), is an endemic plant species of the Iberian Peninsula and Southern France. Traditionally, it is used in infusions, prepared with the flowering aerial parts, as a digestive and anti-inflammatory herbal tea. Despite the traditional knowledge of this plant as a digestive after meals, there are hardly any scientific studies that support its use. The aim of this study is to assess the effects of RT extract on physiological targets related to metabolic diseases such as obesity. For this purpose, enzyme inhibition bioassays of lipase, α-glucosidase and fatty acid amide hydrolase were carried out in cell-free systems. Similarly, adipocytes derived from 3T3-L1 cells were employed to study the effects of the extract on adipocyte differentiation and triglyceride (TG) accumulation. RT extract was able to inhibit lipase, α-glucosidase and fatty acid amide hydrolase. Furthermore, the extract displayed anti-adipogenic properties in a dose-dependent manner as it significantly reduced TG accumulation during adipocyte differentiation. These results may explain from a molecular perspective the beneficial effects of RT in the prevention of metabolic-associated disorders such as obesity, diabetes and related complications.
Supramolecular Complexes of β-Cyclodextrin with Clomipramine and Doxepin: Effect of the Ring Substituent and Component of Drugs on Their Inclusion Topologies and Structural Flexibilities

Depression is a global threat. Tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) are still efficacious in treating depression, albeit with more side effects. Cyclodextrins (CDs) with a suitable nanocavity are potential drug carriers and can enhance the drug bioavailability. Aiming for an atomistic understanding of the CD encapsulation facilitating the improvement of drug stability and the reduction of side effects, a comprehensive study series of the β-CD–TCA inclusion complexes through single crystal X-ray diffraction and density functional theory (DFT) calculation was undertaken. This work reports the supramolecular complexes of β-CD with two pivotal TCAs, clomipramine (CPM; 1) and doxepin (DXP; 2). The different inclusion topologies of the β-CD–TCA complexes were notable. X-ray analysis revealed that, in 1, the CPM B-ring (without chloro group) was entrapped in the β-CD cavity, whereas, in 2, the E-DXP A-ring and the Z-DXP B-ring were disordered in the cavity, yielding energetically favorable complexes primarily maintained by intermolecular C–H⋯π interactions, as indicated by DFT calculation. Because both wings of TCAs were similar, an alternative inclusion scenario of the A-ring was evidenced crystallographically in four other TCA complexes. The enhanced TCA thermodynamic stabilities via CD inclusion complexation helped to reduce the side effects and to increase the bioavailability. Moreover, the scrutinization of six TCAs in different lattice circumstances revealed the greater TCA structural flexibilities for their optimum pharmacological activity while binding with proteins.
Quality of life after traumatic spinal cord injury in a developing context: the influence of contextual factors and injury characteristics

Abstract Purpose To identify contextual factors and injury characteristics influencing the quality of life (QoL) among individuals who sustained a traumatic spinal cord injury (TSCI) in South Africa. Materials and methods We carried out a cross-sectional survey to examined the influence of contextual factors and injury characteristics on quality of life among 108 conveniently selected community-dwelling adults between the ages of 19 and 71 years old, who sustained a TSCI more than 1 year post-injury. Results Multivariate regression analysis resulted in three significant independent variables (gender, employment, and time living with the injury) that explained 38.1% of the variance in the model, of which being employed and living with a TSCI between 11 and 15 years were the strongest factors influencing the overall and each domain of quality of life. Conclusion Our results highlight that employment plays an important role in QoL for individuals who sustained a TSCI. They also suggest that increased time since the injury is most likely to provide individuals an opportunity to develop efficient coping strategies, allowing for greater overall adjustment and life satisfaction, leading to a better quality of life. IMPLICATIONS FOR REHABILITATION Since the time of the injury was found to be improved QoL, there is a need to improve the health care system of Individuals with SCI. As the employment is a significant factor positively influencing QoL, vocational rehabilitation programs should be included during the rehabilitation processes. Rehabilitation stakeholders need to continue lobbying for social and political changes that support expanded employment options for individuals who sustained a TSCI in order to improve their quality of life.
Vaccine Hesitancy among Master’s Degree Students in Nursing and Midwifery: Attitude and Knowledge about Influenza Vaccination

Influenza vaccination among healthcare workers may reduce morbidity and protect fragile patients. Most of the evidence concerning the vaccine hesitancy of healthcare workers reported lack of knowledge and wrong attitude. The aims of this study were to explore the knowledge and attitudes about influenza vaccination among master’s degree students in Nursing and Midwifery, and to evaluate the effectiveness of their involvement in the hospital vaccination campaign in order to increase intention to receive immunization. The students of nurses and midwives were involved in the vaccination sessions of the 2018–19 hospital campaign. They were recruited to complete an online survey. Students of the 2nd year (involved in the vaccination campaign) and the 1st year (not involved) were compared. Descriptive and inferential statistics were performed for data analysis. Students who intend to receive influenza vaccination in the following year registered a percentage of 83.6% and showed an overall attitude of 66.8%. The involvement of the students in the vaccination campaign led to a significant increase in their positive vaccination attitude (80.9% vs. 87.0%) and in their intention to receive flu vaccination in the following year (67.7% vs. 100%). A positive attitude towards vaccinations was observed by nurses and midwives. Their involvement in the planning and activities during the vaccination campaign could positively influence their opinions and intention to receive vaccination.
Purification, Culture, and CD19‐CAR Lentiviral Transduction of Adult and Umbilical Cord Blood NK Cells

Natural killer cells, or NK cells, are a type of cytotoxic lymphocyte critical to the innate immune system. The role that NK cells play is analogous to that of cytotoxic T cells in that they provide rapid responses to virus‐infected cells and responses to tumor formation. Unmodified NK cells have long been used in various immunotherapies to treat different tumors, with only marginal success. However, in the last few years, NK cells modified to express chimeric antigen receptors (CAR‐NK cells) have emerged as particularly ideal cellular platforms for antigen‐specific antitumor agents. Unlike CAR‐T cells, they do not elicit allogeneic responses or graft‐versus‐host disease and therefore can be administered to recipients with differing MHC expression. This article outlines protocols to obtain CD19‐CAR‐NK cells, focusing on the importance of obtaining and culturing a purified NK cell population and how to attain good transfection efficiency. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals LLC
Effects of Residential Instability of Renters on Their Perceived Health Status: Findings from the Korean Welfare Panel Study

Identifying the impact of housing instability on the health status of renters with relatively high economic difficulties is important for the improvement of renters’ quality of life and their social security. Accordingly, this study adopted a panel data regression approach to examine the associations between residential instability and perceived health status—including physical and mental health—using 14 waves (2006–2019) of longitudinal data collected by the Korean Welfare Panel Study. The results showed that residential instability significantly affected perceived health status, and renters who experienced residential instability perceived worse health status and had more severe depression than those who did not experience residential instability. Moreover, failure to meet the minimum housing standard worsened depression in renters. Despite assistance benefits from the government, permanent rental housing and the national basic living security were also factors that worsened depression. Dissatisfaction with one’s residential environment and social relationships were also associated with increased depression. We recommend that the overall quality of housing welfare services, including a focus on the mental health of low-income renters, be improved by expanding the range of services, increasing the number of professional housing welfare workers, and supplying community facilities for increasing residential and social relationship satisfactions.
The Rumen Specific Bacteriome in Dry Dairy Cows and Its Possible Relationship with Phenotypes

Simple Summary The aim of this study was to investigate the importance of the relationships among hosts, microbiota, and diet composition in dry dairy cows. Therefore, the composition of the rumen microbiome in cows from three dairy farms was investigated to identify core bacteria contributing to various physiological roles during rumen fermentation in dry dairy cows. Our results revealed that the ruminal fluid in dry dairy cows from different regional farms had core rumen microbiota that could be clearly distinguished from that of cows of the other farms. Abstract Most microbiome studies of dairy cows have investigated the compositions and functions of rumen microbial communities in lactating dairy cows. The importance of the relationships among hosts, microbiota, diet composition, and milk production remains unknown in dry dairy cows. Thus, in the present study, the composition of the rumen microbiome in cows from three dairy farms was investigated to identify core bacteria contributing to various physiological roles during rumen fermentation in dry dairy cows. The results indicated that ruminal fluid in dry dairy cows from different regional farms had core rumen microbiota that could be clearly distinguished from that of cows of the other farms. Further identification of key microorganisms associated with each farm revealed that Prevotella, Methanobrevibacter, Pseudobutyrivibrio, Ruminococcus, Bacteroides, and Streptococcus were major contributors. Spearman’s correlation indicated that the abundance of genera such as Prevotella and Ruminococcus in dry dairy cows could indicate milk yield in the previous lactating period. Functional pathway analysis of the rumen bacterial communities demonstrated that amino acid metabolism and carbohydrate metabolism were the major pathways. Our findings provide knowledge of the composition and predicted functions of rumen microbiota in dry dairy cows from regional farms, which underscore the importance of the relationships among hosts, microbiota, diet composition, and milk production.
Storability of cotton seeds predicted by vigour tests

The ability of different vigour tests to predict the storage potential of cotton seeds was assessed. Chemically delinted seeds from one seed lot of the cultivars IAC-20 RR, CS-50, DP-20 and DP-90 were stored for 12 months under ambient environmental conditions at the Seed Laboratory of the Federal University of Vicosa. Seed quality was assessed before storage by the following tests: standard germination, seedling vigor classification, early primary root emission, accelerated ageing, cool germination, field emergence and electrical conductivity. Standard germination was performed after every three months of storage. The generalized Mahalanobis distances procedure was used to assess the relationship between vigour test and standard germination test results obtained in the different storage periods. Seed viability decreased linearly during the storage period. There was the greatest similarity or smaller and no significative Mahalanobis distances between standard germination and accelerated ageing results. The accelerated ageing test carried out before storage best estimated seed viability after nine months storage.
CT-detected extramural venous invasion is corelated with presence of lymph node metastasis and progression-free survival in gastric cancer.

OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate if CT-detected extramural venous invasion (ctEMVI) was associated with the presence of lymph node metastasis (LNM) and survival outcomes in patients with gastric cancer. METHODS We retrospectively reviewed 105 patients with pathologically proved gastric cancer who underwent preoperative CT examinations and received radical gastrectomy with extended lymphadenectomy. Differences in CT characteristics between the LNM-positive and -negative groups were assessed by two observers. Binary logistic regression analysis was performed to determine the risk factors of lymph node metastasis in gastric cancer. Progression-free survival analysis was performed by Kaplan-Meier method. RESULTS Two observers reached good interreader agreements inctEMVI and ctN status with κ values of 0.711 and 0.751,respectively. The frequency of ctEMVI-positive status was 58.1% (61/105) in patients with gastric cancer. The LNM-positive group showed higher possibility of ctEMVI-positive status (81.7% vs 26.7%, P＜0.001), larger tumor volume (mean volume, 40.77 vs 22.09 mL, P＜0.001), poor tumor margin (45.0% vs 26.7% , p = 0.054) and high enhancement on arterial phase (43.3% vs 26.7%, p = 0.023) and venous phase (60.0% vs 44.4%, p = 0.048), than LNM-negative group. In multivariate analysis, ctEMVI status and tumor volume were identified as independent risk factors for lymph node metastasis with odds ratio (OR) of 9.804 (95% CI, 3.076－31.246; P＜0.001) and 1.030 (95% CI, 1.001－1.060; p = 0.044). CT-detected EMVI presented better diagnostic efficiency for lymph node metastasis than CT-defined N status, with sensitivity (81.7% vs 70.0%), specificity (73.3% vs 71.1%), accuracy (78.1% vs 70.5), PPV (80.3% vs 76.4%), and NPV (75.0% vs 64.0%), respectively. Kaplan-Meier curves showed that patients with positive ctEMVI findings has lower PFS rate than patients with negative ctEMVI findings (Log-rank test, p = 0.007). CONCLUSION CT-detected EMVI was significantly associated with lymph node metastasis and progression free survivalinpatients with gastric cancer. Compared to CT-defined N status, ctEMVI provided superior diagnostic performance to predict pathologic Nstatus. ADVANCES IN KNOWLEDGE Our study proved that CT-detected EMVI is a promising imaging marker to predict lymph node metastasis and poor prognosis, which may contribute to the precise evaluation of gastric cancer before surgery.
Reproductive Cycle of a Tropical Teiid Lizard, Neusticurus ecpleopus Cope, in Peru

Collections of a stream-dwelling South American microteiid lizard were made during a 15-month period (1967-1968) at Tingo Maria, Peru. These were analyzed in terms of four seasonal three-month periods of a year. Spermatogenesis was found in all adult males throughout the year, though testis size was significantly reduced during the dry season. The follicular developmental sequence of females is outlined. The female population was reproductively active, fecund and/or ovigerous, throughout the year. The percentage of the population with oviducal eggs dropped sharply from the pre-dry season period to the dry season, but yolked follicle size was maximal during the dry season. Evidence from additional females collected during the dry season of 1971 suggests that reductions in percentage of ovigerous females during the dry season may fluctuate from year to year, depending upon environmental conditions. It was not possible to determine the proximal environmental factors, cues, regulating the reproductive cycles in N. ecpleopus, but rainfall may be involved in the female cycle. Correlations between precipitation changes and female reproductive activities were used in an attempt to identify the selective pressures influencing the reproductive cycle. Seasonal changes in food availability to adult females and hatchlings and effects of flooding on success of incubating eggs may be some selective pressures involved. Also, reproduction in N. ecpleopus is related to two possible evolutionary strategies in lizard reproduction. ALTHOUGH MUCH IS PRESENTLY KNOWN concerning annual reproductive activities of temperate lizards, information on reproduction in tropical species is limited (Tinkle 1969; Tinkle et a-l. 1970). This is particularly unfortunate in that reproductive patterns may be important to our understanding of evolution in the tropics. The purpose of this paper is to describe the reproductive cycle of Neusticurus ecpleopus Cope, an Amazonian basin teiid ("microteiid") lizard, and to relate it to what is known of the reproductive cycles of tropical lizards.