Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Pharmacologic Inhibition of Myostatin With a Myostatin Antibody Improves the Skeletal Muscle and Bone Phenotype of Male Insulin‐Deficient Diabetic Mice

Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is associated with low bone and muscle mass, increased fracture risk, and impaired skeletal muscle function. Myostatin, a myokine that is systemically elevated in humans with T1D, negatively regulates muscle mass and bone formation. We investigated whether pharmacologic myostatin inhibition in a mouse model of insulin‐deficient, streptozotocin (STZ)‐induced diabetes is protective for bone and skeletal muscle. DBA/2J male mice were injected with low‐dose STZ (diabetic) or vehicle (non‐diabetic). Subsequently, insulin or palmitate Linbits were implanted and myostatin (REGN647‐MyoAb) or control (REGN1945‐ConAb) antibody was administered for 8 weeks. Body composition and contractile muscle function were assessed in vivo. Systemic myostatin, P1NP, CTX‐I, and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) were quantified, and gastrocnemii were weighed and analyzed for muscle fiber composition and gene expression of selected genes. Cortical and trabecular parameters were analyzed (micro‐computed tomography evaluations of femur) and cortical bone strength was assessed (three‐point bending test of femur diaphysis). In diabetic mice, the combination of insulin/MyoAb treatment resulted in significantly higher lean mass and gastrocnemius weight compared with MyoAb or insulin treatment alone. Similarly, higher raw torque was observed in skeletal muscle of insulin/MyoAb‐treated diabetic mice compared with MyoAb or insulin treatment. Additionally, muscle fiber cross‐sectional area (CSA) was lower with diabetes and the combination treatment with insulin/MyoAb significantly improved CSA in type II fibers. Insulin, MyoAb, or insulin/MyoAb treatment improved several parameters of trabecular architecture (eg, bone volume fraction [BV/TV], trabecular connectivity density [Conn.D]) and cortical structure (eg, cortical bone area [Ct. Ar.], minimum moment of inertia [Imin]) in diabetic mice. Lastly, cortical bone biomechanical properties (stiffness and yield force) were also improved with insulin or MyoAb treatment. In conclusion, pharmacologic myostatin inhibition is beneficial for muscle mass, muscle function, and bone properties in this mouse model of T1D and its effects are both independent and additive to the positive effects of insulin. © 2023 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Application of intraoperative ultrasound in the resection of high-grade gliomas

The incidence of gliomas is approximately 3–5/100,000, with high-grade gliomas accounting for approximately 30–40% of these tumors. Surgery is a confirmed positive factor in prolonging the survival of these patients, and a larger resection range means a longer survival time. Therefore, surgery for high-grade glioma patients should aim to maximize the extent of resection while preserving neurological function to achieve a better quality of life. There is consensus regarding the need to lengthen progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) times. In glioma surgery, methods such as intraoperative computed tomography (ICT), intraoperative magnetic resonance imaging (IMRI), navigation, 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA), and intraoperative ultrasound (IOUS) are used to achieve an expanded resection during the surgical procedure. IOUS has been increasingly used in the surgery of high-grade gliomas and various tumors due to its convenient intraoperative use, its flexible repeatability, and the relatively low cost of operating room construction. With the continuous upgrading of ultrasound equipment, IOUS has been able to better assist surgeons in achieving an increased extent of resection. This review aims to summarize the application of ultrasound in the surgery of high-grade gliomas in the past decade, its improvement in patient prognosis, and its prospects.
I Know Someone is Watching Me: Evaluating the Impact of Dating Violence and Stalking on College Campuses and Universities and the Hesitation of Informing the Title IX Office

Abstract:We are currently living in a digital age where social media such as Facebook, Instagram, Snapchat, Twitter, and TikTok have made it easier to target one’s partner. Between 6% and 39% of college students report being stalked since entering college (SPARC, 2017). When such intimidation occurs on campus, many students of color, particularly African American students have been hesitant to notify the Title IX Office. This research assessed students’ perceptions of and experiences with on-campus dating violence and stalking to better describe its prevalence. The study reports on a non-probability quantitative sample of 421 questionnaires, and a qualitative sample of fifteen one-on-one in-depth interviews. Multivariate Analysis of Variance (MANOVA) results yielded differences in students’ experiences with dating violence and stalking. More attention should be spent on dating violence, stalking, stalking laws, the Title IX process, available resources, and school policies. Additionally, prevention efforts such as assistance with academic housing accommodations, referrals to ensure the safety and security of the victim/survivor, and the implementation of a Campus Climate Survey should be considered. Such techniques will aid to create and evaluate effective strategies when addressing dating violence and stalking on their campuses.
Benefits of pulmonary rehabilitation in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and interstitial lung disease with the same dyspnea severity

Pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) programs improve exercise capacity in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and interstitial lung disease (ILD), but few studies compare results between both pathologies. It is not yet obvious whether gains in 6-min walk distance (6MWD) accomplished by patients with ILD are comparable to those with COPD, because existing studies have yielded conflicting results. There are studies that reported similar improvement in exercise tolerance and quality of life in patients with COPD and non-obstructive lung disease. However, the duration of benefit may be shorter lived than that seen after PR among patients with COPD. Also, the type and severity of ILD may also influence outcomes of PR. A recent systematic review and meta-analysis on the impact of pulmonary rehabilitation in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis showed a growing body of evidence of its benefit in exercise tolerance and quality of life. The aim of our study was to evaluate the effect of PR on exercise capacity using 6-min walk test (6MWT) within and between COPD and ILD patients. Outcomes were the change in 6MWD and maximum heart rate (HRmax), and the comparison of these changes between groups according to dyspnea level classified by modified Medical Research Council scale (mMRC). This study was performed at Pulmonary Rehabilitation Unit, Hospital Pulido Valente, Pulmonology Department of Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Lisboa, Portugal. COPD and ILD patients with mMRC of 2 and above who had completed an outpatient PR program at least 8-weeks long during 2016 were retrospectively selected and analyzed.
Specific impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on the profitability of logistics companies based in the Western Balkan countries

The aim of this paper is to theoretically and empirically present the effect of the Covid-19 pandemic on profitability. In difficult economic times caused by coronavirus, companies that supplied logistical services assisted other businesses in successfully conducting their daily business operations. On the other side, the pandemic has been a contributing factor in the massive interruption in transportation flows all over the world. The research was conducted on a sample of 798 active companies that operated within the logistics industry of the Western Balkans in the period from 2015 to 2020. An empirical research was performed using panel regression analysis. Evaluation of the fixed-effect models confirmed the existence of a positive and statistically significant impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on the profitability expressed through return on total assets (ROA) and return on equity (ROE). The results confirmed the specificity of the logistics industry, indicating that it is one of the few industries that have managed to achieve higher profitability during the crisis and recession brought by the pandemic in early 2020. Given that the logistics sector has played a vital role in supplying household supplies, medicines and medical equipment, the results could help logistics companies to further improve operational performance and risk management in pandemic situations, as well as to improve the resilience of their activities to future similar crises.
Research Advance on Soil Erosion in Loess Hilly-gully Region

According to comprehensive analysis on research result of soil erosion in loess hilly gully region, the type and mechanism, influencing factors, prediction model and controlling measures in watershed were discussed in detail. The results showed that soil formation and loss,transferring and deposition, “benefit” and “harm”, erosion and conservation was a main research aspect at present in soil erosion field.
Genomic vulnerability of a freshwater salmonid under climate change

Abstract Understanding the adaptive potential of populations and species is pivotal for minimizing the loss of biodiversity in this era of rapid climate change. Adaptive potential has been estimated in various ways, including based on levels of standing genetic variation, presence of potentially beneficial alleles, and/or the severity of environmental change. Kokanee salmon, the non‐migratory ecotype of sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka), is culturally and economically important and has already been impacted by the effects of climate change. To assess its climate vulnerability moving forward, we integrated analyses of standing genetic variation, genotype‐environment associations, and climate modeling based on sequence and structural genomic variation from 224 whole genomes sampled from 22 lakes in British Columbia and Yukon (Canada). We found that variables for extreme temperatures, particularly warmer temperatures, had the most pervasive signature of selection in the genome and were the strongest predictors of levels of standing variation and of putatively adaptive genomic variation, both sequence and structural. Genomic offset estimates, a measure of climate vulnerability, were significantly correlated with higher increases in extreme warm temperatures, further highlighting the risk of summer heat waves that are predicted to increase in frequency in the future. Levels of standing genetic variation, an important metric for population viability and resilience, were not correlated with genomic offset. Nonetheless, our combined approach highlights the importance of integrating different sources of information and genomic data to formulate more comprehensive and accurate predictions on the vulnerability of populations and species to future climate change.
ATMOSPHERIC CIRCULATION PATTERNS ASSOCIATED WITH HEAVY SNOWFALL EVENTS, BRIDGER BOWL, MONTANA, U.S.A.

Predicting heavy mountain snowfall, which is critical for avalanche hazard forecasting, is difficult due to complex interactions between rugged topography and atmospheric circulation. In this study the relationship between atmospheric circulation patterns and extreme snowfall events is examined at Bridger Bowl, Montana, U.S.A. which has a 26-year winter record of daily snowfall. Five hundred millibar composite and anomaly maps were constructed for days of heavy snowfall (greater than 32.8 cm). These maps show that during and prior to heavy snowfall, Bridger Bowl is located beneath the back side of a upper-level trough, with predominant winds and storms coming from the northwest. This atmospheric circulation pattern differs from those for other high-elevation sites in the North American interior due to the surrounding regional topography. High mountain ranges to the southwest and west often block incoming moisture, while relatively lower topography to the northwest allows Pacific moisture to reach Bridger Bowl. The results of this study can be used to complement operational forecasting models for predicting heavy snowfall at Bridger Bowl, thereby facilitating snow avalanche forecasting in the region.
Dietary Intake of Arsenic by Households in Marua Village in Jessore

Arsenic (As) consumption through foods by adults and children in the As contaminated Marua village of Chowgacha upazila under Jessore district was studied. The Asian Arsenic Network (AAN) and the Japanese International Cooperation Agency (JICA) have provided some interventions such as installation of deep tube-wells and As-Fe removal plants and awareness program to reduce drinking water As exposure of people living in the village. But scope exists for food crops grown in this area to accumulate As from As contaminated irrigation water. With these points in view, a household food survey was made to investigate As intake by the people living in Marua village. For it, cooked meals and uncooked foods were collected from households and local market. The study revealed that an adult consumed 220 μg As per day from food source and rice alone contributed 86% of it. Considering 80% inorganic As in rice, 220 μg total As is equivalent to 176 μg As which exceeds the WHO’s provisional maximum tolerable daily intake of As which is 2 μg/kg body weight i.e. 120 μg As for a 60 kg person. This result suggests that next to drinking water, food (mainly rice) is the principal source of As entry into human body in Bangladesh. DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.3329/jesnr.v5i1. 11593 J. Environ. Sci. & Natural Resources, 5(1): 283-288, 2012
Updates on Improving Imaging Modalities for Traumatic Brain Injury

The Center for Disease Control and Prevention reports that traumatic brain injury (TBI) was related to over 64,000 deaths in the United States in 2020, equating to more than 611 TBI-related hospitalizations and 176 TBI-related deaths per day. There are both long- and short-term sequelae involved with the pathophysiology of TBI that can range from mild to severe. Recently, more effort has been devoted to understanding the long-term consequences of TBI and how early detection of these injuries can prevent late clinical manifestations. Obtaining proper, detailed imaging is key to guiding the direction of intervention, but there is a gap in the understanding of how TBI imaging can be used to predict and prevent the long-term morbidities seen with even mild forms of TBI. There have been significant strides in the advancement of TBI imaging that allows for quicker, more affordable, and more effective imaging of intracranial bleeds, axonal injury, tissue damage, and more. Despite this, there is still room for improved standardization and more data supporting the justification of using certain imaging modalities. This review aims to outline recent advancements in TBI imaging and areas that require further investigation to improve patient outcomes and minimize the acute and chronic comorbidities associated with TBI.
Ammonia emission from houses for growing pigs as affected by pen design, indoor climate and behaviour

The ammonia volatilization in pig houses should be reduced to protect the environment and to improve the air quality inside the house. The objective of this study was to examine the effects of various housing factors and animal behaviour on the ammonia volatilization in houses for rearing and fattening pigs. The study was intended to yield ways that pig farmers could reduce the emission of ammonia by combining effective and economic housing measures. A marked increase was found in the ammonia emission during the growing period of the pigs. Ammonia emission was generally higher during the summer than the winter season and was positively related to the urine-fouled floor area and the frequency of urination. Reducing the slatted floor and slurry pit area and using slatted floors of smoother material and with more open space than concrete slatted floors, lowered the ammonia emission. The air quality was improved by using a ventilation system with a low air inlet in the floor of the feeding passage and a low outlet just above the slatted floor, instead of a high diffuse inlet and a high outlet. The ventilation system did not affect the total emission of ammonia. The ammonia emission could be reasonably well predicted with a dynamic numerical model at the low and moderate levels of emission, but was poorly predicted at high levels of emission. It is concluded that by combining simple housing measures it is possible to reduce appreciably ammonia emission from houses for growing pigs at relatively low costs. Furthermore, animal welfare and health and the working conditions of the stockman can be improved by these measures. Ph.D. thesis, Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Engineering (IMAG-DLO), department of Livestock Engineering, P.O. Box 43, 6700 AA Wageningen, the Wageningen Institute of Animal Sciences (WIAS) and the Department of Agricultural Engineering and Physics of the Agricultural University Wageningen. This study was financially supported by FOMA (Financieringsoverleg Mest- en Ammoniakonderzoek). Their contributions are gratefully acknowledged.
Degree of compactness, soil physical properties and yield of soybean in six soils under no-tillage*

The ‘degree of compactness’ is a useful parameter to study soil compaction and represents the current bulk density in relation to the bulk density of the same soil in a reference state. The objectives of this study were to: (i) determine the best compression stress to establish the reference bulk density in the uniaxial compression test using undisturbed samples; (ii) quantify the effect of texture on degree of compactness, and (iii) evaluate the influence of degree of compactness on selected soil physical properties and crop yield. Six soils under no-tillage from southern Brazil were used and the reference bulk density was evaluated on soil samples equilibrated to the matric suction of 33 kPa and subjected to uniaxial compression test. Soil macroporosity, mechanical penetration resistance, root growth, and yield of soybean were also evaluated. For undisturbed soil samples, stresses ≥800 kPa (particularly the stress of 1600 kPa) are appropriate to determine the reference bulk density. Degree of compactness is independent of clay content and is associated with changes in soil physical properties. A degree of compactness ~100% restricted root growth of soybean, whereas the highest soybean yield was obtained with a DC of 82% for Alfisols and Ultisol, and 85% for Oxisols.
Teachers' pedagogical attitude on using digital lesson contents in teaching and learning in Zanzibar secondary schools

Digital curricula have been emphasized to improve the quality of education at all levels of education. Implementing a new curriculum depends on teachers' attitudes to integrate it during teaching and learning. This study investigated the attitudes of teachers and factors that affect them towards using digital lesson content in Zanzibar, the case of Wete District. One hundred fifty-four secondary school teachers responded to the questionnaire. The SPSS version 25 was used to run the Chi-squared test and descriptive statistics to analyse the data. The overall attitude was calculated by finding the questions' mean value per Likert level. The study found that teachers’ pedagogical attitude is positive, but implementing digital lesson content in Zanzibar is still challenging. It was also observed that the attitude was significantly associated with gender (p=0.0084), whereby female respondents had higher positive attitudes (68.82%) compared to male respondents (47.44%). The paper concludes that most teachers have a positive attitude towards using digital lesson content in teaching in secondary schools. However, they lack enough relevant digital resources that support digital lesson content. Based on that, policymakers, curriculum developers, and other education stakeholders should take serious action to improve the quality of education practice in Zanzibar. Therefore, this paper recommends that the availability of digital lesson content and in-service training may encourage teachers’ pedagogical attitude to integrate digital materials into their everyday teaching process.
Computer-aided diagnostic accuracy of pulmonary tuberculosis on chest radiography among lower respiratory tract symptoms patients

Even though the Gaza Strip is a low pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) burden region, it is well-known that TB is primarily a socioeconomic problem associated with overcrowding, poor hygiene, a lack of fresh water, and limited access to healthcare, which is the typical case in the Gaza Strip. Therefore, this study aimed at assessing the accuracy of the automatic software computer-aided detection for tuberculosis (CAD4TB) in diagnosing pulmonary TB on chest radiography and compare the CAD4TB software reading with the results of geneXpert. Using a census sampling method, the study was conducted in radiology departments in the Gaza Strip hospitals between 1 December 2022 and 31 March 2023. A digital X-ray, printer, and online X-ray system backed by CAD4TBv6 software were used to screen patients with lower respiratory tract symptoms. GeneXpert analysis was performed for all patients having a score > 40. A total of 1,237 patients presenting with lower respiratory tract symptoms participated in this current study. Chest X-ray readings showed that 7.8% (n = 96) were presumptive for TB. The CAD4TBv6 scores showed that 11.8% (n = 146) of recruited patients were presumptive for TB. GeneXpert testing on sputum samples showed that 6.2% (n = 77) of those with a score > 40 on CAD4TB were positive for pulmonary TB. Significant differences were found in chest X-ray readings, CAD4TBv6 scores, and GeneXpert results among sociodemographic and health status variables (P-value < 0.05). The study showed that the incidence rate of TB in the Gaza Strip is 3.5 per 100,000 population in the Gaza strip. The sensitivity of the CAD4TBv6 score and the symptomatic review for tuberculosis with a threshold score of >40 is 80.2%, and the specificity is 94.0%. The positive Likelihood Ratio is 13.3%, Negative Likelihood Ratio is 0.2 with 7.8% prevalence. Positive Predictive Value is 52.7%, Negative Predictive Value is 98.3%, and accuracy is 92.9%. In a resource-limited country with a high burden of neglected disease, combining chest X-ray readings by CAD4TB and symptomatology is extremely valuable for screening a population at risk. CAD4TB is noticeably more efficient than other methods for TB screening and early diagnosis in people who would otherwise go undetected.