Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Biomarkers in Laryngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma: The Literature Review

Simple Summary Laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma is a prevalent cancer associated with poor prognosis in advanced stages. Despite advancements in diagnostic tools (e.g., narrow-band imaging), there have been minimal improvements in therapeutic approaches. The potential new frontier lies in the realm of biomarkers. This review aims to outline the current understanding of biomarkers in laryngeal cancer. Specifically, it concentrates on potential biomarkers, including heat shock proteins, metallothioneins, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2, micro ribonucleic acids, heme oxygenase, and cyclooxygenase-2. This review provides a survey of the existing literature on their role in laryngeal cancer. It also underscores the scarcity of the literature on this subject, highlighting the significant role of biomarkers in formulating more precise therapeutic strategies for individual patients. Abstract Laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) is the second most common cancer among head and neck cancers. Despite a lower incidence of laryngeal carcinoma, new diagnostic techniques, and more targeted therapies, the overall survival has not changed significantly in the last decades, leading to a negative prognosis in advanced stages. Recently, several studies have focused on the identification of biomarkers that may play a critical role in the pathogenesis of LSCC. Reviewing the literature on the main databases, this study aims to investigate the role of some biomarkers in LSCC that are correlated with oxidative stress and inflammation: heat shock proteins; metallothioneins; nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2; heme oxygenase; cyclooxygenase-2; and micro ribonucleic acids. This review shows that biomarker expression depends on the type, grade of differentiation, stage, and site of carcinoma. In addition, the role of these biomarkers in LSCC is still little-known and little-studied. However, the study of biomarker expression and the detection of a possible correlation with patients’ epidemiological, clinicopathological, and therapeutics data may lead to better awareness and knowledge of the tumor, to the identification of the best therapeutic strategy, and the most proper follow-up protocol tailored for each patient. In conclusion, the achievement of these goals may improve the prognosis of LSCC patients.
Using Silicon to Ameliorate the Deleterious Effects of Drought on Wheat (Triticum Aestivum L.)

Silicon is known to ameliorate the deleterious effects of drought on plant growth. This study was a trial for evaluating growth and nutritional status of wheat cv. Sids- 12 on different soil water deficits as influence by silicon application. Silicon in the form of potassium silicate was added to the soil at 150 and 200 mg/ kg -1 soil. Plants were grown under three levels of soil water contents namely 50 %, 75 % and 100 % of field capacity. Water stress conditions especially at 50 % field capacity was responsible for reducing growth aspects, spike weight, leaf water content %, plant pigments and concentrations and uptake of N, P, K, Mg, Ca and Si at all levels of water content. Drought treatments considerably enhanced H 2 O 2 in the leaves. Poor growth and nutritional status of wheat seedlings grown under water deficit conditions was measurably improved with silicon application. In water deficit area where wheat cv. Sids- 12 are planted, its is essential for using silicon. (Ahmed S. M. Morsy and Naheif E. M. Mohamed. Using Silicon to Ameliorate the Deleterious Effects of Drought on Wheat (Triticum Aestivum L.). Stem Cell 2013;4(2):1-8) (ISSN 1545-4570). http://www.sciencepub. net . 1
Learning from COVID-19 for Mitigating the Next Possible Pandemic: Nutrition, Lifestyle, Risk Factors and Non-Pharmaceutical Interventions

The COVID-19 pandemic has sparked a paradigm change in pandemic preparedness measures, motivating an investigation of non-pharmaceutical therapies. This research dives into the lessons learned from COVID-19 to strengthen our strategy to prevent future pandemics. The study aimed to extract valuable insights from the COVID-19 experience, extrapolating lessons learned to develop strong strategies that include diet, lifestyle, risk factors and non-pharmaceutical treatments. Nutrition and lifestyle influences on illness susceptibility were studied using a comprehensive examination of scholarly literature, reports and epidemiological studies. Role of essential risk variables was investigated in magnifying pandemic outcomes and the efficiency of non-pharmaceutical treatments in reducing infectious agent transmission. The analysis demonstrates the long-term utility of COVID-19 findings. This review emphasizes the importance of nutrition and lifestyle variables in determining susceptibility to infectious illnesses. Furthermore, a detailed examination of risk variables shows critical predictors of pandemic severity. Most significantly, the findings highlight the effectiveness of non-pharmaceutical measures, emphasizing their vital role in pandemic containment. This study has far-reaching ramifications that advocate for a paradigm change towards comprehensive pandemic preparation using the lessons learned during COVID-19. Research findings highlight the need for a multifaceted strategy, including diet, lifestyle changes, targeted risk reduction and non-pharmaceutical therapies. This study provides a road map for improving global resilience to potential future pandemics, calling for preventative strategies beyond pharmacological remedies.
Is Evaporation an Important Component in High Alpine Hydrology

The knowledge of evaporation in the high mountain areas of the European Alps is still rather poor. It is generally regarded as a component of secondary importance in the water balance. The available mean areal evaporation data are based on conventional water balance estimations and suffer from inaccuracies in the determination of precipitation. This is also obvious from the rate of decrease in mean annual evaporation with altitude indicated by different authors; these values range from 71 mm to 356 mm pro 1,000 m of altitude. From heat balance studies on glaciers it is evident that evaporation/condensation as a process of high specific energy exchange can be a determinative factor in the shortterm variations of melt rates. The scale width of the daily latent heat fluxes reaches at magnitudes equal to or larger than those of net radiation and sensible heat flux.
Observations of changing anisotropy across the southern margin of the African LLSVP

We present evidence for the presence of complex anisotropy in the lowermost mantle from 3-D waveform modelling of observed core-diffracted shear waves that sample the southern edge of the African Large Low Shear Velocity Province (LLSVP). The anomalously strong amplitude of the SV component for the shear core-diffracted phase at large distances indicates the presence of anisotropy. We measure shear wave splitting parameters to determine which part of the elastic tensor is constrained by this particular data set. The modelling is performed using the spectral element method. The anisotropy is strong outside the LLSVP, weakens or rotates close to its boundary, and appears to be absent inside the LLSVP. The presence of the LLSVP margin may cause flow in the mantle to change direction. The occurrence of strong anisotropy in the region of fast seismic velocities is compatible with lattice-preferred orientation in post-perovskite due to accommodation of flow through dislocation creep.
Bio-optical characterization of the Salish Sea, Canada, towards improved chlorophyll algorithms for MODIS and Sentinel-3

Supervisory Committee Dr. Maycira Costa (Department of Geography) Supervisor Dr. David Atkinson (Department of Geography) Committee member The goal of this research was to improve ocean colour chlorophyll a (Chla) retrievals in the coastal Case 2 waters of the Salish Sea by characterizing the main drivers of optical variability and using this information to parameterize empirical algorithms based on an optical classification. This was addressed with three specific objectives: (1) build a comprehensive spatio-temporal data set of in situ optical and biogeochemical parameters, (2) apply a hierarchical clustering analysis to classify above-water remote sensing reflectance (Rrs) and associated bio-optical regimes, (3) optimize and validate classspecific empirical algorithms for improved Chla retrievals. Biogeochemical and optical measurements, acquired at 145 sites, showed considerable variation; Chla (mean=1.64, range: 0.10 – 7.20 μg l), total suspended matter (TSM) (3.09, 0.82 – 20.69 mg l), and absorption by chromophoric dissolved organic matter (acdom(443)) (0.525, 0.007 – 3.072 m ), thus representing the spatial and temporal variability of the Salish Sea. A comparable range was found in the measured optical properties; particulate scattering (bp(650)) (1.316, 0.250 – 7.450 m ), particulate backscattering (bbp(650)) (0.022, 0.005 – 0.097 m ), total beam attenuation coefficient (ct(650)) (1.675, 0.371 – 9.537 m ), and particulate absorption coefficient (ap(650)) (0.345, 0.048 – 2.020 m). Empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis revealed 95% of the Rrs variance was highly correlated to bp (r = 0.90), bbp (r = 0.82), and TSM concentration (r = 0.80), suggesting a strong influence from riverine systems in this
EXAMINATION OF THE FACTORS AFFECTING DECISIONS OF MEDICAL TOURISTS TO PURCHASE HEALTHCARE SERVICE IN RELATION WITH REGULATORY FOCUS THEORY

The aim of this study is, to examine the factors affecting the decision-making process (perceived destination image, perceived service quality, perceived value, overall satisfaction level) and behavioral intentions (revisit and positive word of mouth) of international medical tourists to choose a hospital or country by analyzing their relationships and effects. Another important aim of the study is, to group the medical tourists focusing promotion and prevention domains, according to the regulatory focus theory and to examine the relationship of these orientations with the factors in the decision-making process. The cross-sectional descriptive study and convenience sampling method was used for the study. Data were collected through questionnaires from a total of 124 medical tourists who visited seven different hospitals in Ankara, Istanbul and Izmir between February 2016 and May 2016. Descriptive analyzes, reliability analysis, exploratory factor analysis, correlation analysis and hierarchical regression analyzes were performed for the analysis respectively. According to the results of the study, the majority of incoming medical tourists are male (65.3%), married (78.2%) and aged 36-45 (34.7%). The vast majority (72%) come from the Middle East countries (Iraq, Libya, Tunisia); others come from European (18.5%) and Asian (7.2%) countries, respectively
Studying the Effects of Forest Fire on the Consistency Limits of Sandy Soils: A Case Study, Kozağaç, Muğla

The changes in physical, chemical, and mineralogical properties of topsoil after forest fires, and their effect on erosion risk, have been previously studied in different geographical regions and ecosystems. It is well known that the risk of erosion increases after fire due to the loss of shear strength and the changes in hydraulic properties. Consistency limits are strongly related to the shear strength of the soil. Nevertheless, few studies have evaluated the consistency limits of naturally burned soils. In addition, determining the consistency limits of sandy soils can be very challenging due to their low plasticity. The temperatures produced by the forest fire that occurred on the left flank of an irrigation dam in Muğla, Kozağaç village, affected the topsoil. Therefore grain size distribution, soil organic content (SOM), and Atterberg limits of 24 soil specimens collected from the burned and unburned locations were studied. It was found that the grain size distribution of the burned soil did not significantly change, whereas clay content and Atterberg limits increased, and SOM decreased. The methodology followed in this study and the results can serve as a base for future studies of the effect of fire on sandy soils.
Finding stress relief in a forest

Stress related states like mental fatigue (e.g. burnout syn-drome), sleep disturbance, and depression, are together with musculoskeletal disorders today the most widespread diseases causing long term sick leaves in Sweden among patients between 20 and 60 yr of age (The Swedish Social Insurance Agency 2007). This is in line with the World Health Organization (WHO) global scenario, which sug-gests that mental health disorders and cardiovascular dis-eases are expected to be the two major contributors to ill-nesses in almost all parts of the world, by the year of 2020 (Murray and Lopez 1996). Compared to ancient days, the contemporary human being has to deal with a rapid pace of life, high continuous demands, and competitiveness resulting in an overload of uncontrollable stressors (factors triggering stress) (Maller et al. 2006). During stress different body organs react in many varied ways, and if sustained for a prolonged time without the possibility for recovery these reactions become dysfunctional and harmful with the risk of causing del-eterious changes to, for instance, the cardiovascular sys-tem and neuro-hormonal systems of the body (McEwen 2000, Wahrborg 2002). This may cause psychiatric ill-nesses, metabolic disturbances, impaired immunological function, as well as a higher incidence of tumours (Lund-berg 2005, Ohman et al. 2007). In combination with the current sedentary lifestyle, with a substantial lack of daily physical activity to many persons (30–40% of the Swedish population is insufficiently physically active according to Elinder and Faskunger 2006), this is a significant threat to public health.In aspects of mental health disorders and in matters of stress, gender is an important predictive factor or deter -minant. It has been found that reactions and responses to stress differ between men and women, both on a somatic, neurological level, and in psychosocial aspects (Franken-hauser 1983, Kudielka and Kirschbaum 2005). Due to
Alignment of Biological Apatite Crystallites in Posterior Cortical Bone of Human Edentulous

The mandible is a unique bone with a two-layered structure comprising the alveolar area that holds the teeth and the base of the mandible. It is subjected to various types of mechanical stress. The mandible has a specialized structure enabling it to sustain localized stress exerted by the teeth. When teeth are lost, the alveolar area is quickly resorbed, and the internal structure of the mandible changes greatly. It is therefore imperative to quantitatively assess changes in the bone microarchitecture that occur with tooth loss. We therefore quantitatively assessed bone mineral density (BMD) and biological apatite (BAp) crystalline orientation in human edentulous mandibles and elucidated the structural characteristics of human edentulous mandibles. Japanese edentulous mandibles were divided into samples with a high and well-rounded alveolar area and thin cortical bone in the alveolar area ( α -type), thick cortical bone ( β -type), and those with a low and flat alveolar area ( γ -type). BMD and BAp crystalline orientation were measured in the alveolar area and base of the mandible of the site corresponding to the first molar (the region of interest).
The Mediating Role of Brand Love on The Relationship Between Consumer Ethnocentrism and Brand Loyalty with Structural Equation Modelling

Because retaining current consumers is less expensive than acquiring new ones and because there are now a variety of other brands in practically every industry, sellers try to develop an emotional bond with their customers and win their loyalty to their brand. Brand love and consumer ethnocentrism are important factors in brand loyalty. Brand love is the deeply felt affection for a brand. Consumer ethnocentrism refers to consumer preference for domestic brands or against foreign brands. Two goals drive this study. Examining the relationships between consumer ethnocentrism, brand love, and brand loyalty is the study's first goal. Finding out how brand love influences consumer ethnocentrism and brand loyalty is the second goal. To achieve the aim of the study, 285 graduate and postgraduate students participated in the data
Causes and Pattern of Eye Diseases in Children Attending the Paediatric Eye Unit of Ahmadu Bello University Teaching

Aim: The purpose was to determine the causes and pattern of eye diseases in children 0-15 years of age who attend - ed the paediatric unit of the Ophthalmology department Ah-madu Bello University Teaching Hospital Shika, Zaria with a view of obtaining data for planning of children eye care. Method: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study. All children that met the inclusion criteria were recruited. Subjects had visual acuity assessments as appropriate for age. Anterior segment examination was done using a loupe or slit lamp biomicroscope as appropriate while posterior segment was examined by direct ophthalmoscopy. Manual refraction was done using streak retinoscope (cycloplegic refraction when required). Result: A total of 12,516 patients attended the Ophthal - mology out-patient clinic of the hospital during the 30-month study period (May 2014-October 2016), 1,760 old and new patients (14.1%) were patients 0-15 years of age (study pop - ulation). A total of 448 children were recruited for the study. The male to female ratio M:F was 1.3:1. Allergic conjunc - tivitis 181 (40.4%), refractive error 42 (9.4%) and infective conjunctivitis 39 (8.7%) were the most common ocular disor - ders seen. The prevalence of visual impairment was 34.4%. Trauma was the most common cause of uniocular visual impairment. The proportion of blind eyes was 3.1% (n=12). Conclusion: Majority of the ocular disorders seen among the children were treatable causes of visual impairment. Public health education
Potential antecedents to the adoption of Business Analytics in accounting

The objective of this research is to analyze which factors precede the intention to adopt Business Analytics (BA) in accounting, according to professionals working in the area. Mixed methods were applied with a sequential explanatory strategy operationalized through a survey and semi-structured interviews with accounting professionals. As data analysis techniques, we used PLS and content analysis. The research result showed several technological, organizational, environmental, and human factors that impact the intention to adopt BA, mostly based on the literature. However, new factors emerged, some specific to the accounting context. Moderating variables of the intention to adopt BA were evidenced. The research presents a list of factors that contribute to the adoption of BA and opens possibilities for the accounting community, managers, and technology providers to act in promoting the adoption of BA.
Smoking, Wellbeing and Academic Attainment

The research described here examined associations between smoking, wellbeing and academic attainment of university students. Wellbeing was investigated using the Student Wellbeing Process Questionnaire (WPQ) and academic attainment was assessed using Grade Point Average (GPA) and perceptions of work efficiency. 923 university students (94 males, 829 females; approximately 10% smokers) participated in the study. Univariate analyses showed that smokers were less conscientious, had lower positive wellbeing and lower attainment scores. Smokers also reported greater exposure to stressors, more negative coping and higher negative outcome scores. When established predictors of wellbeing (positive personality; social support; exposure to stressors and negative coping) and attainment (being conscientious) were co-varied, smoking still had a significant effect on academic attainment but not the wellbeing outcomes.
Knowledge of Road Signs and Attitude to Safety Measures Among Public Secondary School Students in Jos Nigeria

Introduction: Road traffic crashes are common worldwide. However, most attention on RTA prevention has been focused on secondary and tertiary prevention. This study was undertaken to assess knowledge of road signs and attitudes to safety measures among secondary school students in Jos, Nigeria. Methodology: Descriptive cross-sectional study among 800 secondary school students selected using a multistage sampling method. Research instruments used were semi-structured interviewer-administered pre-tested questionnaires. Data were analyzed using the SPSS software version 23.0. Mean scores were generated for the major outcome variables of knowledge of road signs and knowledge and attitude to safety measures. Results: Mean age of respondents was 13.0+ 8.4 years, while the parents of 500(62.5%) of them had a vehicle. Correct knowledge of signs of corner bends was 417(52.1%), and traffic lights 579 (72.4%). Good mean knowledge of road signs and safety measures was 55% and 78%, respectively. Predictors of good knowledge of road signs include being a female, older age, and parents having a vehicle. Conclusion: Knowledge and attitude gaps still exist, and stakeholders in RTA prevention should prioritize the sensitization of the students amidst other primordial prevention strategies.
Categorizing perceived causal events

Over the last few decades, Causal Model Theory (CMT) has become a dominant framework for human causal-based reasoning, including categorization and inference. CMT prescribes how people should reason about probabilistic events in terms of causal models. In typical causal-based categorization experiments, subjects are provided with verbal descriptions of causally linked features, generally including probabilistic information. Another line of research focuses on perceived or experienced causal events, rather than on verbal descriptions. In this work we asked whether effects which are consistent with CMT, and that have been obtained with verbal descriptions, generalize to visually perceived events. In two experiments, we presented subjects with videos of a 3D A→B causal event rather than verbal descriptions. In Exp. 1, we found that subjects who saw the causal event did not show the coherence effect in categorization (i.e., subjects tend to rate the null ¬A¬B event as a category member). However, subjects who did see the null event during training did show the effect. In Exp. 2, we ruled out the possibility that Exp. 1’s results were simply an effect of how frequently events were experienced during training. We conclude that a one-shot perceived causal event is not sufficient for people to show causal-based reasoning as CMT predicts.