Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
La mortalité liée aux inondations en région méditerranéenne française (1980–2020)

RÉSUMÉ Affichée comme une priorité de la gestion du risque d’inondation, la sécurité des populations est rarement évaluée dans les bilans des catastrophes naturelles en France. Plus que les bilans humains, ce sont les dommages socio-économiques qui sont mis en avant comme indicateurs de la prévention. Cet article présente un recueil de données sur les décès liés aux inondations dans le sud de la France (BD Vict-In). 328 victimes ont étérecensées entre 1980 et 2020. L’article présente le profil des personnes décédées et une analyse des circonstances et des lieux de décès. Il ressort que les victimes sont majoritairement des hommes (61%) de la classe d’âge 40-70 ans. 35% des décès sont liés à l’automobile et 31 % ont lieu au domicile. Parmi les comportements dangereux, le franchissement de cours d’eau en véhicule ou à pied (50 cas recensés) ou les refus d’évacuation (24 cas) sont les plus représentés. 29 décès ont eu lieu dans des campings. La cartographie du taux de mortalité montre la forte exposition des arrière-pays méditerranéens qui associent fréquence des épisodes pluvieux, fortes pentes et urbanisation croissante. L’évolution temporelle montre une diminution du nombre de décès par événement mais une augmentation du nombre d’inondations meurtrières.
Sustainable Employee Empowerment and Customer Satisfaction in Hotels in Umuahia

: The study examined the sustainable employee empowerment and customer satisfaction in hotels in Umuahia. The objectives of the study are; To examine the application of employee empowerment on the hotels in the study area, ascertain the role of the applied employee empowerment status on customer satisfaction in the study area, examine the factors affecting employee empowerment in an organization in the study area, determine the way forward to employee empowerment in the study area. To achieve the objective of the study, survey research design was adopted. The researcher adopted primary data in getting the required information through the use of structured questionnaire. The population of the study is 38 registered hotels in Umuahia, Abia State with 520 staff strength. The sample size of the study is 226 after adopting Taro Yamane formula. In analyzing the data, simple descriptive statistics was used. The findings revealed that there is high level of application of employee empowerment in hotel establishments. The findings also revealed that applied employee empowerment plays a significant role on customer satisfaction in the study area. The findings further revealed that there are many factors affecting employee empowerment in the hotel establishments which includes lack of skills, lack of trust, lack of clear policies, job insecurity, failure to identify empowerment, lack of top management example and lack of training. The study recommends that employees need to be trained and updated to be knowledgeable and resource full to give full-fledged service to the customers they are rendering service. Training for technical and interactive skills: for employees to deliver service quality they need an on-going training in the necessary technical skills and knowledge and in- process or interactive skills.
Relationship Between Metabolic Syndrome and Cognitive Function: A Population-Based Study of Middle-Aged and Elderly Adults in Rural China Targets Therapy

Introduction: To explore the relationship between metabolic syndrome (MetS) and cognitive impairment in a low-income and low-education population. Methods: All residents aged ≥45 years in a low-income population in Tianjin, China, were eligible to participate in this study. The Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) scale was used to conduct a preliminary screening and assessment of the participants’ cognitive statuses. The MMSE components are orientation, registration, attention and calculation, recall, and language. Results: In this population, the prevalences of MetS and cognitive impairment were 54.1% and 44.5%, respectively. In the overall population, the registration score was 0.105 points lower in the elevated triglycerides (TG) group than in the normal TG group (β, −0.105; 95% confidence interval [CI]: −0.201, −0.010; P=0.030). In men, high TG was associated with registration scores that were 0.152 points lower than those in the normal TG group (95% CI: −0.281, −0.022; P=0.022), while larger WC and lower HDL-C had positive effects on cognitive scores (all P<0.05). However, in women, there were no significant differences between cognitive scores and MetS or its components. Conclusion: In this population, first, TG had a great impact on cognition, even greater than the impact of MetS on cognition. Second, the impact of MetS components on cognition was more obvious in men, and not all of the effects were negative. Therefore, the effect of MetS on cognition may need to be analyzed separately for different populations, and it may be that the effect of a single component is greater than the overall effect. When formulating prevention strategies for cognitive impairments, population differences must also be taken into consideration.
among a phylogenetic analysis of surveillance data.

Background— Transgender women (TGW) are among the groups at highest risk for HIV infection, with a prevalence of 27.7% in the United States, but despite this high risk, TGW have documented high rates of undiagnosed HIV infection. We propose that this disparity can be addressed by characterizing TGW in a molecular transmission network to prioritize public health activities. Methods— Since 2006, HIV pol sequences from drug resistance testing have been reported to Los Angeles County (LAC) Department of Public Health and linked to demographic data, gender, and HIV transmission risk factor data for each case in the enhanced HIV/AIDS Reporting System (eHARS). We reconstructed a molecular transmission network using HIV-TRACE (pairwise genetic distance threshold of 0.015 substitutions/site) from the earliest pol sequences from 22,398 unique individuals, including 412 (2%) self-identified TGW. We examined the possible predictors of clustering using multivariate logistic regression. We characterized the genetically-linked partners of TGW and calculated assortativity—the tendency for persons to link to other persons with the same attributes—for each transmission risk group. Findings— We found that 36% of individuals (8,133/22,398) clustered in the network across 1,722 molecular transmission clusters. TGW who indicated a sexual risk factor clustered at the highest frequency in the network: 147/345 (42.6%) linked to at least one other person (p<0.001). TGW were assortative in the network (0.06; p<0.001), indicating that they tended to link to other MSM, despite the high prevalence of HIV among MSM. TGW were distributed across 126 clusters, and cis-individuals linked to one TGW were 9.2 times more likely to link to a second TGW than other individuals in the surveillance database. Reconstruction of the transmission network is limited by sample availability, but sequences were available for >40% of diagnoses. Interpretation— TGW in LAC were more likely to cluster than any other risk group, suggesting high transmission rates—despite the small number of TGW in the network. TGW tended to cluster with other TGW, indicating shared risk activities (i.e., linked directly or through shared partners). This assortativity, and the observed tendency for linkage with cisgender men who did not identify as MSM, demonstrates the potential to use molecular epidemiology to both identify clusters likely to include undiagnosed HIV-infected TGW and improve the targeting of public health prevention and treatment services to TGW.
Sr/ 86 Sr Isotopic Ratio of Ferromanganese Crusts as a Record of Detrital Inﬂux to the Western North Paciﬁc Ocean

: In this study, the Sr isotope ratios (IRs; 87 Sr/ 86 Sr) of ferromanganese (Fe–Mn) crusts are analyzed through laser ablation inductively coupled plasma multiple-collector mass spectrometry. A sample collected from off Minamitorishima Island showed uniform Sr IRs (0.70906–0.70927) similar to that of present-day seawater with more than 36 mm thickness. Meanwhile, a detritus-rich sample collected from off northeast (NE) Japan showed a wide variation in Sr IRs (0.707761–0.709963). The Sr IR variation in the Fe–Mn crust from off NE Japan suggests detrital inﬂux contributions from both the NE Japan arc (<0.708) and aeolian dust from China (>0.718). Detrital ﬂux from the NE Japan arc increases from the bottom to middle layers, possibly due to the uplift of the Ou backbone range that occurred after ~2 Ma. The increased inﬂux of the aeolian dust in the outer layer is attributable to global cooling in the Quaternary that increased the loess dust transportation from China to the western North Paciﬁc Ocean. Meanwhile, the inﬂuence of the detrital inﬂux on the sample from off Minamitorishima Island appeared to be negligible. The Sr IR analysis with high spatial resolution proposed in this study possibly improves the burial history of Fe–Mn nodules.
Mechanical and Structural Vibrations: Theory and Applications

aeo Equations of Motion for Discrete Systems aeo Transient Response of One--Degree--of--Freedom Systems aeo Steady--State Response to Harmonic Excitation aeo Modal Analysis of Multi--Degree--of--Freedom Systems aeo Harmonic Exicatation of Multi--Degree--of--Freedom Systems aeo Vibration of Elastic Bars: The Ritz Method and the Rayleigh Ratio aeo Field Descriptions for Vibrating Bars aeo The Finite Element Method aeo Substructuring Concepts aeo Damped Modal Analysis aeo Modal Analysis of Gyroscopic Systems aeo Introduction to Rotordynamics aeo Calculus of Variations
Alienation and the Metaphysics of Normativity

I argue that metaethicists should be concerned with two kinds of alienation that can result from theories of normativity: alienation between an agent and her reasons, and alienation between an agent and the concrete others with whom morality is principally concerned. A theory that cannot avoid alienation risks failing to make sense of central features of our experience of being agents, in whose lives normativity plays an important role. The twin threats of alienation establish two desiderata for theories of normativity; however, I argue that they are difficult to jointly satisfy.
EFFECT OF ROA, ASSET STRUCTURE, GROWTH OPPORTUNITY, SALES GROWTH AND CURRENT RATIO ON CAPITAL STRUCTURE EMPIRICAL STUDY ON INDUSTRIAL SECTOR MANUFACTURING COMPANIES ON THE INDONESIA STOCK EXCHANGE 2013-2016

Research in this study aims to determine the effect of return on assets, asset structure, growth opportunity, sales growth and current ratio of corporate capital structure simultaneously and partially. Capital structure is the ratio of total debt to own capital measured using the debt equity ratio (DER). With the object of research of manufacturing industry sector which experienced an increase that is food, beverage, cigarette, pharmacy, cosmetics, household and chemical goods listed in IDX period 2013-2016. This study was conducted as many as 44 population and 21 samples during the four-year period with a total of 84 samples using purposive sample method. The type of data used is secondary data sourced from Indonesia stock exchange and analyzed using multiple linear regression analysis. The results of this study show that simultaneously independent variables influence the dependent variable of the capital structure, but the growth of the asset structure and current ratio affect the capital structure with the conclusion the five independent variables contained 21% influence on capital structure.
Sampling Bias in Entrepreneurial Experiments

Using data from a prominent online platform for launching new digital products, we document that “sampling bias”—defined as the difference between a startup’s target customer base and the actual sample on which early “beta tests” are conducted—has a systematic and persistent impact on the venture’s success. Specifically, we show that products with a female-focused target market launching on a typical day, when nine in 10 users on this platform are men, experience 45% less growth a year after launch than those for whom the target market is more male-focused. By isolating exogenous variation in the composition of beta testers unrelated to the characteristics of launched products on that day, we find that on days when there are unexpectedly more women beta testers on the platform—reducing the amount of sampling bias for female-focused products—the gender performance gap shrinks toward zero. Our results highlight how sampling bias can lead to fewer successfully commercialized innovations for consumers who are underrepresented among early users. This paper was accepted by Alfonso Gambardella, business strategy. Funding: This work was supported by the Harvard Business School, Ewing Marion Kauffman Foundation [Grant 201708-2801]. Supplemental Material: The online appendix and data files are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2021. 01740 .
Temporal inequality of RR intervals like a new psychophysiological indicator of mental stress

Introduction: Gini coefficient (Gini index or Gini ratio) is a parameter that is normally used in economy to measure the income distribution in a country or in the whole wide world, but it can be used to measure any kind of distribution. In the present study it is exposed an innovative proposal of application of the Gini coefficient to Heart Rate Variability (HRV) like a psychophysiological indicator of mental stress.Objective: To assess the application of the Gini coefficient as a psychophysiological indicator of mental stress.Methods: A non-observational crossover study, carried out in the biomedical laboratory of the Medical University of Santiago de Cuba. The involved participants are 13 healthy individuals (age 19 ± 1.5 years). Heart rate was continuously recorded at rest (5 minutes) and during a mental stress (5 minutes). Linear and nonlinear methods of heart rate variability were assessed, and 2 new indicators (Sequential and Non-Sequential Gini) were calculated and proposed to measure HRV differences between states.Results: When comparing rest and mental stress conditions, a sensible decrease of the traditional indicators of the HRV was founded (p<0,05), an increase of the heart rate (p=0,004) and of the Sequential Gini (p=0,004) and Non-Sequential Gini (p=0,04). Conclusions: The results suggest that temporary inequality of the RR intervals analyzed from the Gini coefficient could be an adequate indicator of sympathetic activity present during the mental stress.
The prevalence of gender-based violence in Peru Risk factors and influence of historical memory

Gender-based violence is an increasing and prevalent trend worldwide. A disastrous outcome of gender-based violence occurs when women and girls are being intentionally killed on the basis of their gender. Gender-based violence and genderrelated killings of females are on an alarming and increasing tendency, which also can be observed in Peru. It is estimated that every 2 days a woman is murdered on the account of simply being a woman. This thesis aims to investigate the pressing social problem of gender-based violence in Peru, while simultaneously examining the role of historical memory in current society. The aspect of historical memory emerged from the deep-rooted trauma Peru seemingly still endures in present day, as a result from the over-decade long internal war. During the internal conflict, up to 70,000 people were killed or disappeared. Terrorism and violent episodes were widespread, and even women became victims to all types of violence mainly by military aggressors. This thesis is guided by a social constructivist approach and utilizes Intersectionality as an analytic strategy. The theories employed, with the purpose of answering the research question, are the Feminist Ecological Model and the Four Dimensions of Historical Memory. In the analysis the Feminist Ecological Model highlights the influencing factors to gender-based violence as the following: Gender inequality, the police force, the education system and social spendings on the macrosystem layer and exosystem layer, as introduced by the theoretical framework. The factor in regard to gender inequality sheds light on the critical problem of underrepresentation in terms of gender, race and class. Further, the analysis confirms the importance of the education system in regard to accessibility and implementation of the gender approach in the curriculum. The poorly trained police officers and the ill-treatment of victims of gender-based violence are revealed in the analysis as well. Furthermore, the analysis regarding Historical Memory proves a connection between the violence from the internal war and the increasing violence against women in current Peruvian society. The normalization of violence and the impunity of it are consequences of the war, which even further enables women to become victims the patriarchal system. The conflict and the silence of it in following years have failed in bringing justice to the victims of gender-based violence during the war, which subsequently has influenced the violence we see today
Nontherapeutic Risk Factors of Different Grouped Stage IIIC Breast Cancer Patients' Mortality: A Study of the US Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Database

Objectives Stage IIIC breast cancer, as a local advanced breast cancer, has a poor prognosis compared with that of early breast cancer. We further investigated the risk factors of mortality in stage IIIC primary breast cancer patients and their predictive value. Methods We extracted data from the US Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database of female patients with stage IIIC primary breast cancer (n = 1673) from January 2011 to December 2015. Results Hormone receptor negativity (P ≤ 0.001 and P ≤ 0.001, respectively), aggressive molecular typing (P ≤ 0.001 and P ≤ 0.001, respectively), high T stage (P ≤ 0.001 and P ≤ 0.001, respectively), a high number of positive lymph nodes (≥14) (P=0.005 and P=0.001, respectively), and lymph node ratio (≥0.8148) (P ≤ 0.001 and P ≤ 0.001, respectively) were associated with poor disease-specific survival. The indicators of disease-specific survival included estrogen receptor status, progesterone receptor status, molecular typing, T stage, number of positive lymph nodes, and lymph node ratio (P ≤ 0.001,P ≤ 0.001,P ≤ 0.001,P ≤ 0.001, P=0.002, and P ≤ 0.001, respectively). Conclusion Hormone receptor negativity, aggressive molecular typing, high T stage, high number of positive lymph nodes, and lymph node ratio are poor prognostic factors patients with stage IIIC primary breast cancer. The efficient indicators of disease-specific survival include estrogen receptor status, progesterone receptor status, molecular typing, T stage, number of positive lymph nodes, and lymph node ratio.
Visual Motion: From Cortex to Percept

A brown bear pads across a snowfield. It is watched (hopefully from a safe distance) by an observer. As the bear tramps through the snow, a bear-shaped patch of darkness is projected onto the back of the observer’s eye. The motion of this image across the observer’s otherwise brightly illuminated retina causes a series of changes in the activity of densely packed photoreceptors that are sensitive to changes in light intensity. The observer’s visual system can, as the bear progresses, perform the remarkable feat of computing its speed and direction of motion – and the speed and direction of each of the bear’s constituent parts from many million changes in neural firing rate. This ability has clear evolutionary advantages, and as such it has been widely selected for in the animal kingdom.
Type 2 Contact Hypersensitivity of Dendritic Cell Subset Critical for Initiation Responsive - Stromal Lymphopoietin Cutting Edge: Identification of the Thymic

The cytokine thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) has been implicated in the initiation and progression of allergic inﬂammation through its ability to activate dendritic cells (DCs). However, the identity of the DC subset that responds to TSLP is not known. In this study we use a CCL17 reporter strain to identify the TSLP-responsive DC subset. In vitro, TSLP induced CD11b high DCs to express CCL17, to increase CCR7-mediated migration activity, and to drive Th2 differentiation of naive CD4 T cells. In vivo, following skin sensitization, we found that a subset of Ag-bearing CCL17 + CD11b high migratory DCs, but not Ag-bearing CCL17 2 migratory DCs, in skin lymph nodes were capable of driving Th2 differentiation and were dramatically reduced in TSLPR-deﬁcient mice. Taken together, these results demonstrate that TSLP activated a subset of CD11b + DCs in the skin to produce CCL17, upregulate CCR7, and migrate to the draining lymph node to initiate Th2 differentiation. The Journal Immunology , 2013, 191: DC; FLT3L, FLT3 ligand; LC, Langerhans cell; LN, lymph node; mDC, migratory DC; MHC II, MHC class II; pDC, plasmacytoid DC; Tg, transgenic; TRITC, tetramethylrhodamine isothiocyanate; TSLP, thymic stro- mal lymphopoietin.
90 Y-ibritumomab Tiuxetan in B-cell Non-Hodgkin Lymphomas: Real-world Data From the United Arab Emirates

Purpose: B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphomas (NHLs) are signi ﬁ cant contributors to cancer-related mortality. In this single-arm, retrospective cohort study, we aimed to examine the outcomes of a radioimmunotherapeutic modality, 90 Y-labeled ibritumomab tiuxetan ( 90 YIT) in B-cell NHLs. Methods and Materials: We conducted this study based on data from the United Arab Emirates lymphoma registry. All patients with NHL subjected to 90 YIT were eligible for inclusion. The country of research lacked a national autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) center, but many ASCT-eligible patients received 90 YIT. We investigated overall survival (OS) and event-free survival (EFS), as well as safety outcomes. Results: Between 2004 and 2008, 54 of 111 patients with B-cell NHL received radioimmunotherapy. The therapy was applied as ﬁ rst-line treatment in 18 cases (33.3%) and second- or later-line treatment in 36 cases (66.7%). All patients were evaluable for response. The ﬁ rst-line group consisted mainly of follicular lymphoma cases, and 3 of 18 patients died (16.7%) during the follow-up (range, 22-67 months). Median OS was not reached. No progression occurred after treatment (median EFS, 36.5 months [Q 1 -Q 3 range, 30.5-44 months]). The second- or later-line group consisted mainly of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma cases, and 3 of 36 patients died (8.3%) during the follow-up (range, 4-68 months). Median OS was not reached. One case of progression was registered (median EFS: 33 months [Q 1 -Q 3 range, 30.5-44 months]). 90 YIT had acceptable short- and long-term safety pro ﬁ les. Conclusions: The ﬁ ndings suggest that patients with NHL may bene ﬁ t from 90 YIT as salvage treatment if ASCT is not available; however, this should be validated in randomized studies.