Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
VARIABILIDADE GENÉTICA PARA CARACTERES DE IMPORTÂNCIA AGRONÔMICA DE MEIO-IRMÃOS DE MILHETO, SEMEADAS NA ÉPOCA DA SECA

In Brazil, demands do exist for pearl millet cultivars for grain production, forage and biomass. However, only a reduced number of cultivars is now available in the 131 Variabilidade genetica para . Revista Brasileira de Milho e Sorgo, v.5, n.1, p.130-138, 2006 market. The objective of this research was to study the genetic variability for biomass production and grains yield, as well as other characters of agronomic importance, in a population of pearl millet submitted to a family selection program, at dry winter season. For this, half sibs families originated from a composite formed by the natural crossing of cultivars HKP, Guerguera and Souna III, and later submitted to three intercross cycles, were used. Ten percent of the best plants were selected, with phenotypic basis for number of viable tillers, panicles length and mass production, evaluated visually, obtaining 144 half sib families that were sowed on the 27/03/2003, in the Experimental Field of UFRuralRJ (Seropedica, Brazil), in a triple lattice 12 x 12. Each plot was made up of a five-meter line, containing 10 plants. Spacing was of 0.5 m between plants and 0.5 m between lines. Among the appraised characters, the ones that offered larger selection opportunity were panicle dry weight with a mean heritability, h m = 0.51 and a response to family selection, in percent of the mean, G SEF % = 22.60; straw (stems and leafs); dry weight (h m = 0.53 and G SEF % = 19.33), total dry weight (stems, leafs and panicles) (h m = 0.54 and G SEF % = 20,37), panicles average length (h m = 0.69 and G SEF % = 12.37) and mainly grain yield (h m = 0.54 and G SEF % = 35.32). The values h m (0.06) and G SEF % (1.65) for panicles number show that this characteristic should not be recommended to selection.
Conceptual and numerical models of a tectonically-controlled geothermal system: a case study of the Euganean Geothermal System, Northern Italy

The Euganean Geothermal Field (EGF) is the most important thermal field in northern Italy. It is located in the alluvial plain of the Veneto Region where approximately 17*106 m3 of thermal water with temperatures of 60–86 °C are exploited annually. A regional-scale conceptual model of the Euganean Geothermal System is proposed in this paper using the available hydrogeologic, geochemical and structural data for both the EGF and central Veneto. The thermal water is of meteoric origin and infiltrates approximately 80 km to the north of the EGF in the Veneto Prealps. The water flows to the south in a Mesozoic limestone and dolomite reservoir reaching a depth of approximately 3,000 m and a temperature of approximately 100 °C due to the normal geothermal gradient. The regional Schio-Vicenza fault system and its highly permeable damage zone act as a preferential path for fluid migration in the subsurface. In the EGF area, a geologic structure formed by the interaction of different segments of the fault system in.
Pulmonary Artery Denervation Signi ﬁ cantly Increases 6-Min Walk Distance for Patients With Combined Pre- and Post-Capillary Pulmonary Hypertension Associated With Left Heart Failure

OBJECTIVES The authors sought to assess the bene ﬁ ts of pulmonary artery denervation (PADN) among combined pre-and post-capillary pulmonary hypertension (CpcPH) patients in a prospective, randomized, sham-controlled trial. BACKGROUND PADN has been shown to improve hemodynamics of pulmonary arterial hypertension in a series of patients. Additionally, bene ﬁ ts of targeted medical therapy for patients with CpcPH secondary to left-sided heart failure are unknown. METHODS Ninety-eight CpcPH patients, de ﬁ ned as mean pulmonary arterial pressure $ 25 mm Hg, pulmonary capillary wedge pressure > 15 mm Hg, and pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) > 3.0 Wood units (WU), were randomly assigned to PADN or sildena ﬁ l plus sham PADN. Standard medical therapy for heart failure was administered to all patients in both groups. The primary endpoint was the increase in the 6-min walk distance at the 6-month follow-up. The secondary endpoint was change in PVR. Clinical worsening was assessed in a post hoc analysis. The main safety endpoint was occurrence of pulmonary embolism. RESULTS At 6 months, the mean increases in the 6-min walk distance were 83 m in the PADN group and 15 m in the sildena ﬁ l group (least square mean difference 66 m, 95% con ﬁ dence interval: 38.2 to 98.8 m; p < 0.001). PADN treatment was associated with a signi ﬁ cantly lower PVR than in the sildena ﬁ l group (4.2 (cid:1) ﬁ in hemodynamic and clinical outcomes in patients with CpcPH. Further studies warranted precise role in the treatment of this patient vasodilator) or mechanical support; 2) rehospitalization due to worsening HF requiring intravenous pharmacological agents (inotrope or vasodilator), mechanical ventilation, mechanical support or ultra-ﬁ ltration, hemo ﬁ ltration, or dialysis; 3) referral for heart/lung transplantation (rapidly progressive disease despite maximal medical therapy); and 4) all-cause death. Worsening of HF status was documented by monitoring nurses, clinicians and co-ordinators on a standardized case report form. Clinical events were blindly assessed by a clinical event committee.
Dynamic modelling of stress accumulation in Central Italy: Role of structural heterogeneities and rheology

SUMMARY Recent efforts to relate the style of seismicity in the Central Apennines to the stress build-up induced by active geodynamic processes by means of simple viscoelastic dynamic models have shown that seismicity in this region is likely to be controlled by two major processes: the westward underthrusting of the Adriatic plate under the Apennines and the asthenospheric upwelling underneath Tuscany. In this work, using these results as a starting point, we evaluate, by means of 2-D dynamic models, the effects of structural heterogeneities (major crustal-scale faults; this improvement is made possible by the recent publication of the results of the CROP-03 seismic line) and of temperature-dependent rheologies within the crust and the lithospheric mantle on the stress field induced by the two processes mentioned above. Modelling results are compared with detailed seismicity data. We show that, for all models, the predicted stress fields are controlled, at large wavelengths, by an upward state of flexure in Tuscany and a downward state of flexure in the Apenninic foredeep, in agreement with previous studies. When activating crustal-scale discontinuities, however, strong local rotations of the major axes of the stress tensor occur in the proximity of the faults, generating complex local stress fields characterized by the coexistence of compressive and tensional styles. This could explain the coexistence, as observed within certain regions of central Italy, of compressive and extensional events. When detailing the rheology using plastic behaviour for the lithospheric portions of the models, a complex profile of yield stresses is considered, the materials characterized by higher strength being the sedimentary cover and the lithospheric mantle. Model-predicted stress concentrates in these materials. The lateral variability of the thickness of the sedimentary cover induces strong local rotations, at shallow depths, of the stress eigenvectors. All of the models predict a stress field roughly compatible with the distribution and style of seismicity of the region. The use of progressively more realistic rheologies and geometries, however, gives slightly better results when compared to seismicity data. This paper shows that sensible results may be obtained by combining active and natural source seismicity with finite element modelling.
POSTMODERN URBAN POLITICS IN SOUTH AFRICA: THE CASE OF STELLENBOSCH (2000–2004)

ABSTRACT The paper adopts a postmodern perspective to account for post-2000 electoral urban politics in the Municipality of Stellenbosch in South Africa's Western Cape Province. It seeks to (1) explain the politics of reaction, the politics of resistance (or reconstruction), and the cultural politics of difference and identity that characterize a South African municipality; (2) study the reversals in the politics of reaction, the politics of resistance and the new cultural politics of difference and identity that characterize a South African municipality after political floor crossing and regime change; and (3) discuss the consequences of political floor crossing and a change in the political ‘hegemon’ for place-making and the ‘geography of difference’ at the municipal level in South Africa. It concludes that the Stellenbosch case highlights, within the context of postmodern urban politics, critical elements of the new cultural politics of multiplicity, difference and identity, and strategic alliances.
Hydrological modelling of Ethiopian catchments using limited data

The hydrological component of the soil and water assessment tool (SWAT) model is adapted for two Ethiopian catchments based on primary knowledge of the coherence spectrum between rainfall and stream flow data. Spectrum analysis using the available nearby climatic data is made to limit the temporal and spatial scales (inverse rate coefficients) subject to the calibration of compartmentalized runoff models. The exclusion of unwarranted time scales in the calibration implies that the model efficiency (r2 values) decrease only moderately between calibration and validation, and the optimization is focused on warranted problems. On the basis of the available data for the two Ethiopian catchments, the implication is that only periods longer than about 50 days can be reliably evaluated in the model. The model structure of SWAT for the surface runoff and groundwater flow response is modified to make the time scales consistent with the results of the spectrum analysis. An optimization algorithm is developed to constrain and combine the model parameters with the spectrum analysis results. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Field observations of wave refraction and propagation pathways on coral reef platforms

Field experiments were conducted to investigate the refraction and propagation of ocean waves across two coral reef platforms in the Maldives, central Indian Ocean. A total of seven pressure sensors were deployed on each reef to quantify temporal and spatial variations in wave characteristics across the platform surfaces. Directional wave properties were calculated from high frequency (2 Hz) wave and current records obtained at two locations on each reef and corroborate theoretically predicted propagation pathways derived from an analytical wave refraction model. Results demonstrate that reef geometry critically controls the refraction and propagation behaviour of incident swell across the reef structures. Differences in the magnitude of refraction (approximately 57° and 14°) observed on each reef can be attributed to variations in platform shape and orientation to incident waves. Results demonstrate that reef flat wave patterns define the segmentation of platform surfaces into distinctive high and low wave energy zones. Furthermore, wave focussing has been identified as a major mechanism controlling the transformation of wave energy across the reefs. Results provide the first field‐based validation of wave refraction and convergence on coral reefs and have significant implications for sedimentation processes and the formation of platform deposits. Reef configurations which promote marked wave convergence are more likely to retain sediment on the reef surface, whereas platforms that induce less refraction and changes in the direction of incident waves have a higher potential for the off‐reef evacuation of sediment over leeward reef margins. Results of wave measurements substantiate such projections and provide a first order explanation for the existence and absence of a coral cay on the two study reefs. The study presents empirical evidence of wave refraction and convergence on coral reefs and establishes a baseline for future investigations of hydrodynamic process controls on platform sedimentation and island formation. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The causes and consequences of Alzheimer’s disease: phenome-wide evidence from Mendelian randomization

Importance Alzheimer’s disease is the leading cause of disability and healthy life years lost. However, to date, there are no proven causal and modifiable risk factors, or effective interventions. Objective We aimed to identify: a) factors modified by prodromal Alzheimer’s disease pathophysiology and b) causal risk factors for Alzheimer’s disease. We identified factors modified by Alzheimer’s disease using a phenome-wide association study (PheWAS) on the Alzheimer’s disease polygenic risk score (PRS) (p ≤ 5×10 -8 ), stratified by age tertiles. We used two-sample bidirectional Mendelian randomization (MR) to estimate the causal effects of identified risk factors and correlates on liability for Alzheimer’s disease. Design, setting, and participants 334,968 participants of the UK Biobank aged 39 to 72 years old (111,656 in each tertile) met our eligibility criteria. red cell indices and older tertiles, and above, higher genetic liability for adversely associated with medical history physical measures (e.g. body fat measures), blood cell indices (e.g. red blood cell distribution cognition (e.g. fluid intelligence and lifestyle (e.g. self-reported moderate activity). In follow-up analyses using MR, there that education, fluid intelligence score, hip circumference, forced vital capacity, and self-reported moderate physical activity were likely to be causal risk factors for Alzheimer’s disease.
Mellan makt och motstånd

Kapitlet diskuterar tva fall dar makt och motstand utgor centrala aspekter. Det forsta fallet handlar om en forsknings- och projektorganisation i Norge med syftet att behandla forskare, praktiker i den sociala sektorn, universitetsstudenter och anvandare av offentliga tjanster som likvardiga parter i produktion av kunskaper som kan anvandas for att forbattra sociala tjanster. Lalander arbetade dar i ett ar och utforde da deltagande observationer och intervjuer med kollegorna. Organisationen innehaller manga positiva aspekter som skapar kanslor av likvardighet, men ocksa aspekter av makt inbaddat och ofta dolt i vardagliga rutiner och vardagligt tal. "Brukarna" (av sociala tjanster) forvantas sta fram med sin bakgrund, som kan handla om privata saker och tillkortakommanden, sasom droganvandande eller psykiska problem. Mot detta utovar man motstand pa ett subtilt satt, med ironi eller genom att helt enkelt inte sta fram med sin bakgrund. Det andra fallet handlar om den moderna organisationen LARO, en offentlig och medicinsk behandling for opiatanvandare. Kontrollsystemet ar mer eller mindre totalt och med hjalp av urinprover och ett for givet taget tankande dar man litar mer pa vetenskap och medicin an pa vad patienterna sager segmenteras maktpositionerna. Detta kontrollsystem bade forstarker och ar en konsekvens av en stigmatiseringsprocess genom vilken heroinister ses som underlagsna, som inte riktigt manskliga, aven om detta doljs genom en retorik om organisationen som human och i patientens basta intresse.
Why It Pays to Get Inside the Head of Your Opponent The Differential Effects of Perspective Taking and Empathy in Strategic Interactions

— The current research explored whether two re-lated yet distinct social competencies—perspective taking (the cognitive capacity to consider the world from another individual’s viewpoint) and empathy (the ability to connect emotionally with another individual)—have differential effects in strategic, mixed-motive interactions. Across three studies, using both individual difference measures and experimental manipulations, we found that perspective taking increased individuals’ ability to discover hidden agreements and to both create and claim resources at the bar-gaining table. However, empathy did not prove nearly as advantageous and at times was detrimental to discovering a possible deal and achieving individual proﬁt. These re-sults held regardless of whether the interaction was a negotiation in which a prima facie solution was not possible or a multiple-issue negotiation that required discovering mutually beneﬁcial trade-offs. Although empathy is an essential tool in many aspects of social life, perspective taking appears to be a particularly critical ability in strategic interactions.
Planetary Surface Properties, Cratering Physics, and the Volcanic History of Mars from a New Global Martian Crater Database

Impact craters are arguably the primary exogenic planetary process contributing to the surface evolution of solid bodies in the solar system. Craters appear across the entire surface of Mars, and they are vital to understanding its crustal properties as well as surface ages and modification events. They allow inferences into the ancient climate and hydrologic history, and they add a key data point for the understanding of impact physics. Previously available databases of Mars impact craters were created from now antiquated datasets, automated algorithms with biases and inaccuracies, were limited in scope, and/or complete only to multikilometer diameters. This work presents a new global database for Mars that contains 378,540 craters statistically complete for diameters D ! 1 km. This detailed database includes location and size, ejecta morphology and morphometry, interior morphology and degradation state, and whether the crater is a secondary impact. This database allowed exploration of global crater type distributions, depth, and morphologies in unprecedented detail that were used to re-examine basic crater scaling laws for the planet. The inclusion of hundreds of thousands of small, approximately kilometer-sized impacts facilitated a detailed study of the properties of nearby fields of secondary craters in relation to their primary crater. It also allowed the discovery of vast distant clusters of secondary craters over 5000 km from their primary crater, Lyot. Finally, significantly smaller craters were used to age-date volcanic calderas on the planet to re-construct the timeline of the last primary eruption events from 20 of the major Martian volcanoes.
Assessing the Clinical and Socioeconomic Burden of Respiratory Syncytial Virus in Children Aged Under 5 Years in Primary Care: Protocol for a Prospective Cohort Study in England and Report on the Adaptations of the Study to the COVID-19 Pandemic

Background: Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) commonly causes lower respiratory tract infections and hospitalization in children. In 2019-2020, the Europe-wide RSV ComNet standardized study protocol was developed to measure the clinical and socioeconomic disease burden of RSV infections among children aged <5 years in primary care. RSV has a recognized seasonality in England. Objective: We aimed to describe (1) the adaptations of the RSV ComNet standardized study protocol for England and (2) the challenges of conducting the study during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: This study was conducted by the Oxford-Royal College of General Practitioners Research and Surveillance Centre—the English national primary care sentinel network. We invited all (N=248) general practices within the network that undertook virology sampling to participate in the study by recruiting eligible patients (registered population: n=3,056,583). Children aged <5 years with the following case definition of RSV infection were included in the Conclusions: Measures to control the COVID-19 pandemic meant there was no circulating RSV last winter; however, RSV has circulated out of season, as detected by the sentinel network. The sentinel network practices have collected 40% (200/500) of the required samples, and 27% (54/200) were RSV positive. We have demonstrated the feasibility of implementing a European-standardized RSV disease burden study protocol in England during a pandemic, and we now need to recruit to this adapted protocol.
American Indian Mortality in the Late Nineteenth Century: The Impact of Federal Assimilation Policies on a Vulnerable Population

Under the urging of late nineteenth-century humanitarian reformers, U.S. policy toward American Indians shifted from removal and relocation efforts to state-sponsored attempts to "civilize" Indians through allotment of tribal lands, citizenship, and forced education. There is little consensus, however, whether and to what extent federal assimilation efforts played a role in the stabilization and recovery of the American Indian population in the twentieth century. In this paper, we rely on a new IPUMS sample of the 1900 census of American Indians and census-based estimation methods to investigate the impact of federal assimilation policies on childhood mortality. We use children ever born and children surviving data included in the censuses to estimate childhood mortality and [responses to] several questions unique to the Indian enumeration [including tribal affiliation, degree of "white blood", type of dwelling, ability to speak English, and whether a citizen by allotment] to construct multivariate models of child mortality. The results suggest that mortality among American Indians in the late nineteenth century was very high - approximately 62% [standardize as % or percent throughout] higher than that for the white population. The impact of assimilation policies was mixed. Increased ability to speak English was associated with lower child mortality, while allotment of land in severalty was associated with higher mortality. The combined effect was a very modest four percent [as above] decline in mortality. As of 1900, the government campaign to assimilate Indians had yet to result in a significant decline in Indian mortality while incurring substantial economic and cultural costs.
Prehistoric Warfare in Central Arizona, USA: Assessing Its Scale with Ceramic Chemistry

The scale of warfare and alliance in the ancient American Southwest is hotly debated for the interval from A.D. 1100 to 1450. Some archaeologists posit conflict persistently waged in central Arizona, which thereby promoted the emergence of region‐sized polities, including the so‐called Verde Confederacy. Relying largely on settlement‐pattern data, these theorists have hypothesized warfare and alliance practiced at a regional scale, apparently larger than anywhere else in the prehistoric American Southwest. Other evidence, however, has challenged the Verde Confederacy model and the level at which hostilities raged in central Arizona. It calls into question the organizational capabilities of hostile tribal groups and their strategic goals. In this paper, we add a new line of complementary information based on the compositional analysis of phyllite‐tempered plain ware ceramics. By reconstructing the pottery's movement and exchange across the region, we outline patterns of interaction useful for evaluating the scale of alliance and warfare in central Arizona. We find, contrary to the expectations of regional scale alliances, that the ceramic exchange networks segregated some populations previously proposed to have been aligned, while integrating groups thought previously to have been enemies. The ceramic data indicate alliances and hostilities at a relatively local scale.