Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Identifying the risks of armed conflict impact on the ecosystem

The object of the study is the territory that became the object of the influence of hostilities. The study is dedicated to finding ways to assess the state of ecosystems and ensure their stability in the conditions of military conflicts. The impact of military conflict on the environment is highlighted through the analysis of risks and losses in ecosystems. It has been studied that the intensity of armed conflicts determines the scale and degree of damage to ecosystems, and the use of destructive weapons leads to the direct destruction of natural environments and their components. It has been determined by an expert survey that the most significant changes in natural ecosystems are the biodiversity losses, deforestation, territorial changes and the destruction of natural objects (scores ≥9.0). Factors of low impact (score <6.75) are air pollution, erosion due to air pollution, biodiversity losses due to water pollution. The interrelationships between military actions and environmental pollution are studied for the importance of understanding these processes for effective management of environmental security during military conflicts. A mathematical and graphic model of material flows has been developed, which allows taking into account resource flows, pollution and losses in the ecosystem during armed conflicts. The model, tested in the Kyiv region, made it possible to determine the priorities of conservation and risk management. Analysis of 9,000 km2 revealed contaminated areas, in particular, in the southwestern and western directions. The practical use of the research results is in the development of strategies for minimizing and restoring the ecological consequences of armed conflicts. This can help improve the management of natural resources in the context of military operations and increase the resilience of ecosystems
Ketahanan Pangan di Kawasan Timur Indonesia

Abstract This study aims at analyzing the dynamics of food security and the factors that influence food security in Eastern Indonesia. The methodology used is panel data tobit model of 190 districts/municipalities in the Eastern Indonesia from 2008 to 2010. Based on the classication of the food security degree, the majority of households in Eastern Indonesia are categorized as the vulnerable. Food security is affected by percentage of poor people, GRDP per capita, female illiteracy rate and average years of schooling. Based on the elasticity, education has the highest contribution in improving food security in the Eastern Indonesia. Keywords: Food Security, Eastern Indonesia, Panel Data Tobit Model Abstrak Studi ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis dinamika ketahanan pangan, serta faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi ketahanan pangan di Kawasan Timur Indonesia (KTI). Ketahanan pangan dibagi tiga pilar, yaitu ketersediaan, aksesibilitas, dan pemanfaatan pangan. Metode yang digunakan adalah model tobit dengan data panel dari 190 kabupaten/kota di KTI Tahun 2008-2010. Berdasarkan klasikasi derajat ketahanan pangan, sebagian besar rumah tangga di KTI termasuk kategori rentan terhadap kerawanan pangan. Ketahanan pangan dipengaruhi oleh persentase penduduk miskin, PDRB per kapita, angka buta huruf perempuan, dan rata-rata lama sekolah. Berdasarkan nilai elastisitas, pendidikan memiliki pengaruh terbesar terhadap ketahanan pangan di KTI. Kata kunci: Ketahanan Pangan, Kawasan Timur Indonesia, Model Tobit Data Panel
PM10 composition in urban and rural nursery schools in Upper Silesia, Poland: a trace elements analysis

Indoor air quality in nursery schools is an emerging public health challenge. Particular attention should be paid to younger children because they are more vulnerable to air pollution than older children. Here we present PM10 concentrations and trace element composition in naturally ventilated nursery schools located in Gliwice, Poland. The results indicate there is a problem with elevated PM10 concentrations inside the examined classrooms. The exposure of children to trace elements varied in terms of localisation and season. PM10 concentration and its trace element composition have been studied using correlation coefficients between the different trace elements, the enrichment factor (EF) and principal component analysis (PCA). PCA allowed for the identification of the three possible sources, namely: anthropogenic combustion emissions (31.1%), soil dust contaminated by sewage sludge dumping (19.9%) and mixed soil emissions (24.0%).
The Practices and Glycated Hemoglobin Levels of Adults with Diabetic Neuropathy in Nakuru County, Kenya

Diabetic neuropathy is a common complication of diabetes that can significantly impact patients’ quality of life. Practices play a crucial role in managing the condition and preventing further complications. This cross-sectional study examined the practices and glycated hemoglobin levels among adult patients with diabetic neuropathy. The study employed a cross-sectional design. A sample of adult patients diagnosed with diabetic neuropathy at Nakuru referral and teaching hospital was recruited. Data on dietary practices, including food choices, meal patterns, and dietary restrictions, were collected through structured interviews. Nutrient intake was assessed using dietary recall methods and analyzed using descriptive statistics. The chi-square test was used across the glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels to compare categorical variables. Adherence to dietary recommendations was evaluated based on established guidelines for diabetic neuropathy management. Preliminary findings reveal sub-optimal practices in adults with diabetic neuropathy. Those with one or two daily meals reported significantly elevated HbA1c levels [χ2=11.808, p=0.008]. Skipping meals, especially breakfast and lunch, correlated with elevated HbA1c [χ2=17.622, p=0.001]. Smokers and alcohol consumers had a higher proportion of elevated HbA1c [χ2=7.269, p=0.007] and [χ2=15.610, p<0.001], respectively. Regular exercise, particularly daily or 1-3 times a week, is associated with lower HbA1c [χ2=37.329, p<0.001]. Elevated HbA1c correlated significantly with daily intake of animal products [χ2=18.931, p<0.001], fats and oils [χ2=12.211, p =0.00], fruits [χ2= 22.106, p<0.001], and cereals [χ2=21.728, p<0.001]. Conversely, daily consumption of vegetables [χ2=8.255, p=0.016], pulses, and legumes [χ2 =53.757, p<0.001] were associated with normal HbA1c. However, occasional sugar and honey intake did not significantly impact HbA1c [χ2=1.082, p=0.582]. In conclusion, our study highlights sub-optimal practices in adult diabetic neuropathy patients, particularly in those consuming one or two meals daily, skipping breakfast and lunch, and engaging in smoking or alcohol. Regular exercise correlates with lower HbA1c, while certain dietary habits influence glycemic control. These insights inform targeted interventions for improved patient care.
Fear of Crime: Incivility and the Production of a Social Problem

Most studies of fear of crime assume that is rimarily induced by direct or indirect contact with a criminal event. Consequently programs designed to deal with this problem focus on either increased police protection or a number of crime prevention programs. In this study, Dan A. Lewis and Greta W. Salem raise questions both about the validity of these assumptions and the effectiveness of the programs. A five-year investigation has led the authors to challenge those theories that focus only on the psychological responses to victimizations and fail to take into account the social and political environments within which such fears are shaped and nurtured. Explicitly laying out a "social control" perspective which informs their research and analysis, the authors examine the fear of crime in ten neighorhoods in Chicago, San Francisco, and Philadelphia which represent the range of communities typically found in urban areas. On the basis of their analysis the authors contend that fear of crime is not related to exposure or knowledge about criminal events alone but also stems from residents' concerns about broad changes taking place in their neighborhoods. Many people, they argue, are afraid not only because crime occurs but also because they believe that they have lost control over the environment in which they live. Lewis and Salem conclude that the eradication of fear of crime requires strategies that move beyond the traditional crime prevention programs to consider ways to restore the control that community residents feel they have lost and the possibilities for a more equitable distribution of security in urban areas.
FINANCIAL SATISFACTION DETERMINANTS FROM HOME INDUSTRY IN SURABAYA

Background: Financial satisfaction is one of the goals that every entrepreneur wants to achieve, which requires sacrifice of resources such as capital, time, energy, and other things to obtain it. Financial satisfaction is also the goal of a home business which is currently growing rapidly in Indonesia.Purpose: The purpose of this research is to examine the effect of income, financial literacy, financial attitudes, and financial distress on the financial satisfaction of home-based business owners in the city of Surabaya.Method: The convenience sampling method will be used to get 100 home-based business respondents in the city of Surabaya, both businesses that were established before or during the COVID-19 pandemic. Data collection was carried out by distributing questionnaires and the data was processed using SPSS software.Results: The results of this study indicate that only income and financial attitudes have a positive and significant effect on financial satisfaction, while financial literacy and financial distress do not affect financial satisfaction.Research Novelty: This research is a small amount of research that focuses on the achievements of home-based businesses that are thought to have the ability to survive during a pandemic. The findings prove that financial difficulties are not able to reduce their financial satisfaction.
The Elephant Queen: Can a nature documentary help to increase tolerance towards elephants?

Conflict between humans and elephants is one of the more complex examples of human‐wildlife conflict, a key challenge for wildlife conservation. While interventions exist to separate humans from elephants, few exist aimed at bringing the two species closer together. This study assesses if a natural history film, The Elephant Queen (TEQ), makes communities living around elephants more tolerant of conflict with elephants. Questionnaires and interviews were conducted before and after seeing the film screened on a mobile cinema in Southern Kenya. A double robust ordinal regression analysis using 357 matching specifications to measure the effect size of viewing TEQ on the six criteria identified as being drivers of tolerance of a wild animal by the Hazard Acceptance model. This study found that students aged between 16 and 18 gained knowledge (mean effect size = 0.27) and affection (mean effect size = 0.17) towards elephants and felt the benefits of elephants more keenly (mean effect size = 0.26) following viewing TEQ. Community members aged between 16–80 also gained knowledge (mean effect size = 0.21) and saw the benefits of elephants (mean effect size = 0.15) but felt the costs of living with elephants more profoundly after viewing TEQ (mean effect size = −0.11). After 90 days a follow‐up survey also showed a significant increase in community “affection” towards elephants (mean effect size = 0.11), however the costs, benefits and knowledge gained had been reduced to a statistically insignificant level compared to baseline. Our results suggest that natural history films can serve as a valuable tool in inspiring young minds. When shown to an adult audience, changes were more nuanced and some of the changes were short lived (<3 months). Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.
On the Role of Heterogeneous Chemistry in Ozone Depletion and Recovery

We demonstrate that identification of stratospheric ozone changes attributable to ozone depleting substances and actions taken under the Montreal Protocol requires evaluation of confounding influences from volcanic eruptions. Using a state‐of‐the‐art chemistry‐climate model, we show that increased stratospheric aerosol loading from volcanic eruptions after 2004 impeded the rate of ozone recovery post‐2000. In contrast, eruptions increased ozone loss rates over the depletion era from 1980 to 1998. We also present calculations without any aerosol chemistry to isolate contributions from gas‐phase chemistry alone. This study reinforces the need for accurate information regarding stratospheric aerosol loading when modeling ozone changes, particularly for the challenging task of accurately identifying the early signs of ozone healing distinct from other sources of variability.
A clinical case of successful treatment of acute phlegmonous appendicitis incarcerated in a hernial sac (Amyand’s hernia)

Atypical localization of the vermiform appendix (VA) in acute appendicitis can lead to diagnostic and tactical errors in emergency abdominal surgery. The rarest and most atypical localization of the VA is within the hernial sac. This type of hernia is defined as Amyand’s hernia. The optimal scope of surgical intervention and access method (laparoscopic or open) for Amyand’s hernia have not been definitively determined. Questions remain regarding the necessity of removing an unaffected vermiform appendix, the approach to hernioplasty in destructive appendicitis, and the feasibility of using a mesh implant for hernioplasty. In cases of a sliding hernia, the destruction of the hernial sac can lead to difficulties with suturing the peritoneum, assessing the state of the strangulated testicle in men, and performing an orchidectomy. Therefore, it is imperative to establish an algorithm for the evaluation and surgical management of patients with strangulated inguinal hernias. Objective — present a clinical case of successful treatment of Amyand’s hernia with acute phlegmonous appendicitis incarcerated in a strangulated inguinal hernial sac and reactive orchoepididymitis, focusing on the selection of medical and diagnostic strategies to reduce the risk of complications. The clinical case illustrates the effective management of a patient who presented with acute phlegmonous appendicitis and purulent orchoepididymitis. These abnormalities were found to be atypically localised within the sac of a strangulated right‑sided inguinal hernia, known as Amyand’s hernia. The necessary surgical procedures included an appendectomy and an orchidectomy. Conclusions. Inflammation of the vermiform appendix in Amyand’s hernia can lead to various unpredictable purulent complications, such as acute typhlitis, purulent peritonitis, necrotizing orchoepididymitis, and Fournier’s phlegmon, necessitating extensive surgical intervention. The collective global and personal experience in treating Amyand’s hernia suggests the possibility of establishing standardised protocols for diagnosing and selecting a surgical intervention technique.
Determinants of farmland degradation and its implication on crop productivity and sustainability

The study analyzed factors influencing smallholder farmland degradation and crop productivity in western Ethiopia. It was done based on survey of 120 households managing a total of 223 farm plots. The survey data was analyzed using ordered probit model. We found that out of 15 explanatory variables investigated, slope of the farm plot, plot distance from homestead, interval of crop rotation, frequency of growing cereal crops, and change in farm plot ownership were found to positively and significantly affect farmland degradation whereas other factors such as household responsibility in the society, livestock holding size, and soil and water conservation practices were found to negatively and significantly influence farmland degradation. The marginal effect of the slope and length of crop rotation interval on probability of the farmland to be classified as degraded land was found to be increased by 7 and 29%, respectively. The regression results show that crop productivity was significantly hampered by improved seeds used, plot size and farmland degradation. Therefore, if the investigated factors get policy merit, it is possible to minimize farmland degradation and enhance agricultural sustainability. Keywords: Farm plot; land management; land degradation; crop productivity; sustainability
Semaglutide Improves Liver Steatosis and De Novo Lipogenesis Markers in Obese and Type-2-Diabetic Mice with Metabolic-Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease

Metabolic-dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is a prevalent clinical condition associated with elevated morbidity and mortality rates. Patients with MASLD treated with semaglutide, a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist, demonstrate improvement in terms of liver damage. However, the mechanisms underlaying this beneficial effect are not yet fully elucidated. We investigated the efficacy of semaglutide in halting MASLD progression using a genetic mouse model of diabesity. Leptin-receptor-deficient mice with obesity and diabetes (BKS db/db) were either untreated or administered with semaglutide for 11 weeks. Changes in food and water intake, body weight and glycemia were monitored throughout the study. Body fat composition was assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Upon sacrifice, serum biochemical parameters, liver morphology, lipidomic profile and liver-lipid-related pathways were evaluated. The semaglutide-treated mice exhibited lower levels of glycemia, body weight, serum markers of liver dysfunction and total and percentage of fat mass compared to untreated db/db mice without a significant reduction in food intake. Histologically, semaglutide reduced hepatic steatosis, hepatocellular ballooning and intrahepatic triglycerides. Furthermore, the treatment ameliorated the hepatic expression of de novo lipogenesis markers and modified lipid composition by increasing the amount of polyunsaturated fatty acids. The administration of semaglutide to leptin-receptor-deficient, hyperphagic and diabetic mice resulted in the amelioration of MASLD, likely independently of daily caloric intake, suggesting a direct effect of semaglutide on the liver through modulation of the lipid profile.
Credit Frictions and "Sudden Stop" in Small Open Economies: An Equilibrium Business Cycle Framework for Emerging Markets Crises

Financial frictions are a central element of most of the models that the literature on emerging markets crises has proposed for explaining the Sudden Stop phenomenon. To date, few studies have aimed to examine the quantitative implications of these models and to integrate them with an equilibrium business cycle framework for emerging economies. This paper surveys these studies, viewing them as ability-to-pay and willingness-to-pay variations of a framework that adds occasionally binding borrowing constraints to the small open economy real-business-cycle model. A common feature of the different models is that agents factor in the risk of future Sudden Stops in their optimal plans, so that equilibrium allocations and prices are distorted even when credit constraints do not bind. Sudden Stops are a property of the unique, flexible-price competitive equilibrium of these models that occurs in a particular region of the state space in which negative shocks make borrowing constraints binding. The resulting nonlinear effects imply that solving the models requires non-linear numerical methods, which are described in the survey. The results show that the models can yield relatively infrequent Sudden Stops with large current account reversals and deep recessions nested within smoother business cycles. Still, research in this area is at an early stage, and this survey aims to stimulate further work.
Intergenerational Effects of Sublethal Lambda-Cyhalothrin Exposure on Aphis gossypii Glover (Hemiptera: Aphididae) Reproduction and Development

Simple Summary Aphis gossypii Glover is a pervasive pest with a global presence, causing significant economic losses in agriculture. Lambda-cyhalothrin is a widely used pyrethroid insecticide. Former research has shown that numerous chemical insecticides have a sublethal effect on A. gossypii. However, the sublethal effect of lambda-cyhalothrin on A. gossypii remains unknown. This study examined the effects of a sublethal dose of lambda-cyhalothrin on A. gossypii by life tables and qPCR analysis. In conclusion, the results clarified the sublethal effect of lambda-cyhalothrin on A. gossypii and provided a theoretical foundation for the prudent utilization of insecticides to combat this pest and devise strategies for managing resistance. Abstract Aphis gossypii Glover, a widespread insect, presents a substantial danger to global agriculture. Lambda-cyhalothrin is a pyrethroid insecticide that has been widely studied for its effects on arthropods. Studies have reported that sublethal doses of insecticides can produce various consequences on arthropod reproduction. Hence, the objective of this research was to examine the potential effects of a sublethal dose of lambda-cyhalothrin (LC30, 1.15 mg/L) on A. gossypii, for which we created life tables and conducted qPCR analysis. Adult longevity, fecundity, net reproductive rate (R0), body length, width, weight, and the expression of vitellogenin (Vg) and vitellogenin receptor (VgR) genes were not significantly altered by lambda-cyhalothrin treatment at LC30 concentration in the F0 generation of A. gossypii adults. The intrinsic rate of increase (r) and finite rates of increase (λ) decreased significantly, while the mean generation time (T) increased. In addition, Vg and VgR gene expression levels were significantly higher in the F1 and F2 generations, whereas body length, width, and weight were notably reduced. The developmental duration, longevity, r, and λ did not differ significantly from those of the control group. Thus, the sublethal and intergenerational stimulatory effects of lambda-cyhalothrin were observed in A. gossypii, and the alterations in Vg and VgR in A. gossypii were strongly associated with sublethal effects. The results of this research offer valuable knowledge regarding the indirect impacts of lambda-cyhalothrin on A. gossypii, which can be utilized as a theoretical foundation for the prudent utilization of insecticides to combat this pest and devise strategies for managing resistance.