Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
06. Mushayikwa B.pmd

In his book, Democracy and Education, Dewey (1946) contends that education, in its broadest sense, is the means to social continuity in life. It is through the educative process that the younger members of a given society are initiated into the ideals, interests, values, purposes, information, skills and practices of the older members; otherwise that society might cease its characteristic life. Whichever way we look at it, education is a powerful means to transform and sustain society. It is a reliable agency of change and an effective means to social mobility, survival and adaptability. In other words, without the educative process, a society faces the possibility of extinction. According to Archambault (1974), Dewey’s philosophy of education revolves around four major issues: (1) the aim of education; (2) the agent responsible for communicating the aim of education (the teacher); (3) the subject who needs to understand that aim (learner); and (4) the means by which it is achieved (curriculum and instruction). Our focus in this chapter is on the second issue, namely the teacher and how he/she is trained to fulfil his/her role within an education system generally and in South Africa in particular. In most countries, changes in society have usually evoked demands for reforms, and South Africa is no exception. Since the inception of a democratically elected government in South Africa in 1994, calls for reform of the education sector have by no means abated. Major changes in education in South Africa have occurred in response to historical, social, political and economic circumstances in which the country has found itself. As in other countries, educational reforms in South Africa reflect significant periods of history: the colonial era (1800s-1940s);
Antibiotic resistance and distribution of SodCI, sopE, sefA genes among Salmonella enteric serotype Enteritidis isolates from poultry

EKATERINIADOU (Λ.Β. ΑΙΚΑΤΕΡΙΝΙΑΔΟΥ) L. Veterinary Research Institute, Hellenic Agricultural Organization DIMITRA BOUKOUVALA (Ε. ΜΠΟΥΚΟΥΒΑΛΑ) E. Veterinary Research Institute, Hellenic Agricultural Organization DIMITRA PAPI (Ρ.Μ. ΠΑΠΗ) R. Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki ZDRAGAS (Α. ΖΔΡΑΓΚΑΣ) A. Veterinary Research Institute, Hellenic Agricultural Organization DIMITRA GIANTZI (Β. ΓΙΑΝΤΖΗ) V. Veterinary Research Institute, Hellenic Agricultural Organization DIMITRA KYRIAKIDIS (Δ.Α. ΚΥΡΙΑΚΙΔΗΣ) D. Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki https://doi.org/10.12681/jhvms.15589
Reconfigurable Flat Optics with Programmable Reflection Amplitude Using Lithography-Free Phase-Change Materials Ultra Thin Films

We experimentally demonstrate a very large dynamic optical reflection modulation from a simple unpatterned layered stack of phase-change materials ultrathin films. Specifically, we theoretically and experimentally demonstrate that properly designed deeply subwavelength GeSbTe (GST) films on a metallic mirror produce a dynamic modulation of light in the near-infrared from very strong reflection (R>80%) to perfect absorption (A > 99,97%) by simply switching the crystalline state of the phase-change material. While the amplitude of modulation can lead to an optical contrast up to 10^6, we can also actively "write" intermediate levels of reflection in between extreme values, corresponding to partial crystallization of the GST layer. We further explore several layered system designs and provide guidelines to tailor the wavelength efficiency range, the angle of operation and the degree of crystallization leading to perfect absorption.
Learning decomposable models by coarsening

During the last decade, some exact algorithms have been proposed for learning decomposable models by maximizing additively decomposable score functions, such as Log-likelihood, BDeu, and BIC. However, up to the date, the proposed exact approaches are practical for learning models up to 20 variables. In this work, we present an approximated procedure that can learn decomposable models over hundreds of variables with a remarkable trade-off between the quality of the obtained solution and the amount of the computational resources required. The proposed learning procedure iteratively constructs a sequence of coarser decomposable (chordal) graphs. At each step, given a decomposable graph, the algorithm adds the subset of edges due to the actual minimal separators that maximizes the score function while maintaining the chordality. The proposed procedure has shown competitive results for learning decomposable models over hundred of variables using a reasonable amount of computational resources. Finally, we empirically show that it can be used to reduce the search space of exact procedures, which would allow them to address the learning of high-dimensional decomposable models.
BCaR: Beginner Classifier as Regularization Towards Generalizable Re-ID

In recent years, the performance of person re-identiﬁcation has been dramatically improved by virtue of sophisticated training methods. However, most of the existing methods are based on the assumption that the statistics of a target domain can be utilized during training. This inevitably introduces huge costs for data collection each time a person re-identiﬁcation system is deployed, which hinders the applicability to real-world scenarios. To mitigate this issue, we expand upon the concept of domain generalization. Typical person re-identiﬁcation datasets are composed of a large amount of identities. However, examples for each identity are rather scarce. It is widely known that if examples are highly biased, over-ﬁtting is likely to occur and degrade the performance. To alleviate this problem, we propose a novel soft-label regularization method that combines an expert feature extractor with a beginner classiﬁer for generating soft labels. From a representation learning perspective, a convolutional neural network-based feature extractor is thought to prioritize common patterns. Therefore, the subsequent classiﬁer typically ﬁts common examples ﬁrst, followed by rare ones. On the basis of this observation, we force the beginner classiﬁer to remain uncertain towards rare examples by means of periodic initialization. Accordingly, the beginner classiﬁer assigns highly con-ﬁdent labels to common examples and ambiguous labels to rare ones, thus enabling soft labels to mitigate over-ﬁtting to biased examples ( e.g ., highly occluded ones). Extensive analysis shows that our method successfully assigns ambiguous labels to biased examples and thus increases the rank-1 accuracy by 3 . 4%, 1 . 6%, 0 . 9%, and 5 . 2% on the VIPeR, PRID,
Loss Functions for Person Image Generation

Pose guided person image generation aims to transform a source person image to a target pose. It is an ill-posed problem as we often need to generate pixels that are invisible in the source image. Recent works focus on designing new architectures of deep neural networks and have shown promising results. However, they simply adopt the loss functions commonly used for generic image synthesis and restoration, e.g., L1-norm loss, adversarial loss, and perceptual loss. This can be suboptimal due to the unique appearance and structure patterns of person images. In this paper, we ﬁrst have a comprehensive study of these prior loss functions for person image generation. We also consider the structural similarity (SSIM) index as a loss function since it is widely used as the evaluation metric and can capture the perceptual quality of generated images. Moreover, motivated by the observation that a person can be divided into part regions with homogeneous pixel values or textures, we extend the SSIM into a novel part-based SSIM loss to explicitly account for the articulated body structure. Quantitative and qualitative results indicate that (1) using different loss functions signiﬁcantly impacts the generated person images and (2) the proposed part-based SSIM loss is complementary to the prior losses and helps improve the performance.
Mott state in the deficient spinel GaV

In this study, we investigated theoretically the Mott-insulating phase of a deficient spinel chalcogenide GaV4S8, which is known to form a tetrahedral V4S4 cluster unit that results in molecular orbitals (MOs) with a narrow bandwidth in the noninteracting limit. We used a cluster extension of charge self-consistent embedded dynamical mean-field theory to study the impact of strong intracluster correlations on the spectral properties as well as the structural degrees of freedom of the system. We found that the strong tetrahedral clustering renders the atomic Mott picture ineffective, and that the resulting MO picture is essential to describe the Mott phase. It was also found that, while the spectral properties can be qualitatively described by the truncation of the Hilbert space down to the lowest-energy MO, a proper description of the structural degrees of freedom requires the inclusion of multi-MO correlations that span a larger energy window. Specifically, we found that the lowest-energy MO description overemphasizes the clustering tendency, while the inclusion of the Hund’s coupling between the lowerand higher-energy MOs corrects this tendency, bringing the theoretically predicted crystal structure into good agreement with the experiment.
Maximum-energy records in glassy landscapes

We study the evolution of the maximum energy Emax(t) reached between time 0 and time t in the dynamics of simple models with glassy energy landscapes, after an instant quench from infinite temperature to a target temperature T . Through a detailed description of the activated dynamics, we are able to describe the evolution of Emax(t) from short times, through the aging regime, until after equilibrium is reached, thus providing a detailed description of the long-time dynamics. Finally, we compare our findings with numerical simulations of the p-spin glass and show how the maximum energy record can be used to identify the threshold energy in this model.
Localisation in Wireless Networks using Deep Bidirectional Recurrent Neural Networks

The accurate localisation and tracking of objects is crucial in many domains. In this paper, we focus on location tracking in wireless networks. Reliable localisation will be essential for self-driving, future factories, and beamforming in 5G deployments. Time-of-arrival (TOA) based localisation systems use synchronised nodes to receive radio signals sent by transmitters at the object to be located. The time it takes for the signal to propagate in a straight line to the receiver is used to trilaterate the position of the transmitter. However, the correct TOA can be difficult to identify due to multiple reflected copies of the same signal arriving at different times. This paper presents a bidirectional recurrent neural network (BiRNN) for estimating the TOA from the channel impulse response (CIR) of the signal, and a multilayer perceptron (MLP) to trilaterate the position of the transmitter from the TOA. The BiRNN and MLP are trained using measured CIR data, and outperform the conventional approaches for TOA estimation and trilateration.
Strategic Mistakes

To study the equilibrium implications of imperfect optimization, we introduce a model of costly control in continuum-player games in which agents interact via an aggregate of the actions of others. We find primitive conditions such that equilibria exist, are unique, are efficient, and feature monotone comparative statics for action distributions, aggregates, and the size of agents' mistakes. We use our results to provide robust equilibrium predictions in a class of generalized beauty contests, which we apply to study the implications of imperfect optimization for financial speculation, price-setting, and the business cycle. We contrast our model with the mutual information model (Sims, 2003), which in the same games can produce non-unique predictions and non-monotone comparative statics.
Correlations Between Endothelial Dysfunction and Cerebral Imaging in Migraine

Objective: Despite its high prevalence, the basic pathophysiologic mechanism of migraine is still poorly understood. Our aim was to research endothelial dysfunction in patients with recently diagnosed episodic migraine, and to determine whether there was a correlation between endothelial dysfunction and white matter lesions (WMLs) on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Materials and Methods: This study was conducted between 2013 and 2014. A total of 51 patients and 27 healthy controls were included in the study. MRI was performed in the patient group. Blood samples were collected to investigate serum level of lipids, thyroid hormones, asymmetric dimethyl arginine, and endothelin levels in the patient and control groups. Homeostasis model assessment = insulin resistance factor and brachial artery index flow-mediated dilatation (FMD) were investigated in both groups. Results: WMLs on MRI were present in 40 patients with migraine. FMD was low in patients with migraine (p=0.021). There was a negative correlation between the severity of migraine headache and FMD. A positive correlation was seen between severity of headache and WMLs (p=0.001). The other blood sample concentrations in both the case and control groups were not significantly different. When the blood parameters were evaluated with MRI lesion load, there was a positive correlation with age, cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein, body mass index and triglyceride, and contrary to expectations, there was no relationship with homocysteine. However, there was a significant correlation between insulin resistance and lesion load (p<0.03). Conclusion: In this study, especially in patients with episodic migraine with WMLs, FMD as a marker for endothelial dysfunction was found to be statistically significant. This finding contributes to the pathogenesis of migraine. An endothelial therapeutic drug could be considered as an option, especially in patients who need prophylaxis.
Fungitoxicity of the Pyroligneous Extract in the Development in vitro of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides

Products derived from renewable sources have been studied for their use in agriculture enabling increments in the production of agricultural culture, such as in the case of the pyroligneous extract. The research aimed at evaluating the fungitoxic potential of the pyroligneous extract of teak ( Tectona grandis L.) on mycelial growth, sporulation and spore germination of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides . The experiment was conducted in completely randomized design with five treatments and four replications. Five doses of pyroligneous extract were tested (0, 25, 50, 100, 150 mL L -1 ) following the pour-plate methodology in 10 mL of potato dextrose agar media and kept in the incubating room maintained at 25 ± 2 °C in a 12 hour-photoperiod for eight days. Mycelial growth variables (cm), mycelial index growth speed, growth inhibition (%), sporulation inhibition (%) and spore germination (%) were evaluated. There was a reduction for the mycelial growth as well as for the rate of mycelial growth, sporulation inhibition and spore germination as the doses were increased. The percentage inhibition of mycelial growth was 56 % for the highest dose (150 mL L -1 ). Pyroligneous extract of teak has a direct fungitoxic action on growth, sporulation and germination in vitro of the fungus C. gloeosporioides .
Postbreeding Emigration and Habitat Use by Jefferson and Spotted Salamanders in Vermont

Abstract In New England, temporary pool-breeding salamanders inhabit terrestrial forested habitats for the majority of the year. Wetland regulations and forestry Best Management Practices rarely consider the upland areas surrounding breeding pools for protection. Those that do, generally establish buffer zones that are insufficient to protect salamander populations. A better understanding of the area requirements and upland habitat preferences of pool-breeding salamanders is needed to develop biologically relevant buffers for conservation. I used radiotelemetry to investigate the postbreeding emigration and terrestrial habitat use of two syntopic mole salamander species. Sixteen adult salamanders (eight Ambystoma jeffersonianum, and eight Ambystoma maculatum) were radiotracked for a mean of 164 days (SE = 5.1). Eleven individuals were tracked to overwintering sites (five A. jeffersonianum, and six A. maculatum). Emigration distances from breeding pool edge varied widely (range = 30–219 m) with a mean of 112.8 m (SE = 19.9) for both species combined. Combining data from this and other studies, a salamander “life zone” that would encompass 95% of the population was calculated, resulting in an area extending 175 m from a pool's edge. Two types of small mammal burrows (deep vertical tunnels, and highly branched horizontal tunnels) were used almost exclusively as terrestrial refuges. In general, Jefferson and Spotted Salamanders used well-shaded, deciduous forest stands with abundant logs and stumps. Their habitat use also showed a strong association with vertical mammal tunnels, suggesting that this resource may be limiting. Biologically defined salamander life zones should be identified as critical wildlife habitat and considered in forest management strategies.
Dobbin, Nick and Highton, Jamie and Moss, Samantha L and Hunwicks, Richard and Twist, Craig (2018) Concurrent Validity of a Rugby-Specific Yo- Yo Intermittent Recovery Test (Level 1) for Assessing Match-Related Running

28 This study investigated the concurrent validity of a rugby-specific high-intensity intermittent 29 running test (HIIR) against the internal, external and perceptual responses to simulated match30 play. Thirty-six rugby league players (age 18.5 ± 1.8 years; stature 181.4 ± 7.6 cm; body mass 31 83.5 ± 9.8 kg) completed the prone Yo-Yo IR1, of which sixteen also completed the Yo-Yo 32 IR1, and 2 x ~20 min bouts of a simulated match-play (RLMSP-i). Most likely reductions in 33 relative total, low-speed and high-speed distance, mean speed and time above 20 W·kg 34 (HMP) were observed between bouts of the RLMSP-i. Likewise, rating of perceived exertion 35 (RPE) and percentage of peak heart rate (%HRpeak) were very likely and likely higher during 36 the second bout. Pearson’s correlations revealed a large relationship for the change in relative 37 distance (r = 0.57-0.61) between bouts with both Yo-Yo IR1 tests. The prone Yo-Yo IR1 was 38 more strongly related to the RLMSP-i for change in repeated sprint speed (r = 0.78 cf. 0.56), 39 mean speed (r = 0.64 cf. 0.36), HMP (r = 0.48 cf. 0.25), fatigue index (r = 0.71 cf. 0.63), 40 %HRpeak (r = -0.56 cf. -0.35), RPEbout1 (r = -0.44 cf. -0.14), and RPEbout2 (r = -0.68 cf. -0.41) 41 than the Yo-Yo IR1, but not for blood lactate concentration (r = -0.20 to -0.28 cf. -0.35 to 42 0.49). The relationships between prone Yo-Yo IR1 distance and measure of load during the 43 RLMSP-i suggests it possesses concurrent validity and is more strongly associated with 44 measures of training or match load than the Yo-Yo IR1 using rugby league players. 45 46 47 48 49 50 51
IPR Protection & Foreign Affiliates’ R&D Spending in China: Their Modes of Operation Matter

This paper examines the impact of intellectual property rights protection (IPRP) on foreign affiliates’ R&D spending in China, by explicitly differentiating foreign affiliates’ modes of operation between Sino-foreign joint ventures (SFJVs) and foreign wholly owned enterprises (FWOEs). We examine the roles of FDI origins, SFJVs’ foreign investors’ equity shares and their Chinese partner firms’ ownership structures in R&D spending between SFJVs and FWOEs. We conduct the analyses by using a sample of 88,721 foreign affiliates operating between 2001 and 2007, among which about 43% are SFJVs, and 57% are FWOEs. We utilize Heckman’s two-stage econometric tool to correct foreign affiliates’ self-selection bias to conduct R&D in China. We find that improvements of IPRP lead to more foreign affiliates to start doing R&D in China and to spend more on R&D. The impacts of IPRP on R&D spending are higher for SFJVs than for FWOEs, and the higher effects for SFJVs seem to step from the synergy embedded in the Sino-foreign joint ownership. For both SFJVs and FWOEs, the effects of IPRP on R&D spending are larger for investors from other regions (Foreign) than for those from Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan (HMT); and are larger for exporters than for non-exporters. With the improvement of IPRP, SFJVs partnered with state-owned enterprises (SOE) respond more strongly in R&D spending increase than those with non-SOE partners.
Bose-Einstein Condensate Dark Matter Halos confronted with galactic rotation curves

We present a comparative confrontation of both the Bose-Einstein Condensate (BEC) and the Navarro-Frenk-White (NFW) dark halo models with galactic rotation curves. We employ 6 High Surface Brightness (HSB), 6 Low Surface Brightness (LSB), and 7 dwarf galaxies with rotation curves falling into two classes. In the first class rotational velocities increase with radius over the observed range.The BEC and NFW models give comparable fits for HSB and LSB galaxies of this type, while for dwarf galaxies the fit is significantly better with the BEC model. In the second class the rotational velocity of HSB and LSB galaxies exhibits long flat plateaus, resulting in better fit with the NFW model for HSB galaxies and comparable fits for LSB galaxies. We conclude that due to its central density cusp avoidance the BEC model fits better dwarf galaxy dark matter distribution. Nevertheless it suffers from sharp cutoff in larger galaxies, where the NFW model performs better. The investigated galaxy sample obeys the Tully-Fisher relation, including the particular characteristics exhibited by dwarf galaxies. In both models the fitting enforces a relation between dark matter parameters: the characteristic density and the corresponding characteristic distance scale with an inverse power.
Tourism Images and the International Tourists Response Behaviour: A Case of Langkawi Island, Malaysia

Image of a destination is one of the important determinants that influence tourists in making decision to choose a specific holiday destination. The most positive image a destination has the highest chances for it to be chosen by the tourists. This paper empirically investigates the investigates the causal relationship between Tourism Images and the international tourists’ response behaviour using Langkawi Island, Malaysia as study contextual setting. The insight of this study is obtained through questionnaire surveyed with 384 the international tourists. Through the Partial Least Square (PLS-SEM) a strong relationship between tourism images and response behaviour appeared. A country, destination and hotel image have strong impacts on international tourists’ response behaviour which relate to word of mouth, recommendation and revisit intention. The good feedback and the promising insights from the viewpoint of the international tourists is giving varying consequences, repercussion and implication to central and state tourism authorities.