Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Feasibility of Four Interventions to Improve Treatment Adherence in Migrants Living with HIV in The Netherlands

We evaluated the feasibility and efficacy of four existing interventions to improve adherence to them in migrants living with HIV (MLWH): directly administered antiretroviral therapy (DAART), group medical appointments (GMA), early detection and treatment of psychological distress, and peer support by trained MLWH. At baseline and after the interventions, socio-demographic characteristics, psychosocial variables, and data on HIV treatment adherence were collected. The two questionnaires were completed by 234/301 (78%) MLWH included at baseline. Detectable HIV RNA decreased (from 10.3 to 6.8%) as did internalized HIV-related stigma (from 15 to 14 points), and self-reported adherence increased (between 5.5 and 8.3%). DAART and GMA were not feasible interventions. Screening of psychological distress was feasible; however, follow-up diagnostic screening and linkage to psychiatric services were not. Peer support for and by MLWH was feasible. Within this small intervention group, results on HIV RNA < 400 copies/mL (decrease of 23.6%) and outpatient clinic attendance (up to 20.4% kept more appointments) were promising.
Serial Observations of Muscle and Fat Mass as Prognostic Factors for Deceased Donor Liver Transplantation

Objective Muscle depletion in patients undergoing liver transplantation affects the recipients' prognosis and therefore cannot be overlooked. We aimed to evaluate whether changes in muscle and fat mass during the preoperative period are associated with prognosis after deceased donor liver transplantation (DDLT). Materials and Methods This study included 72 patients who underwent DDLT and serial computed tomography (CT) scans. Skeletal muscle index (SMI) and fat mass index (FMI) were calculated using the muscle and fat area in CT performed 1 year prior to surgery (1 yr Pre-LT), just before surgery (Pre-LT), and after transplantation (Post-LT). Simple aspects of serial changes in muscle and fat mass were analyzed during three measurement time points. The rate of preoperative changes in body composition parameters were calculated (preoperative ΔSMI [%] = [SMI at Pre-LT − SMI at 1 yr Pre-LT] / SMI at Pre-LT × 100; preoperative ΔFMI [%] = [FMI at Pre-LT − FMI at 1 yr Pre-LT] / FMI at Pre-LT × 100) and assessed for correlation with patient survival. Results SMI significantly decreased during the preoperative period (mean preoperative ΔSMI, −13.04%, p < 0.001). In the multivariable analysis, preoperative ΔSMI (p = 0.016) and model for end-stage liver disease score (p = 0.011) were independent prognostic factors for overall survival. The mean survival time for patients with a threshold decrease in the preoperative ΔSMI (≤ −30%) was significantly shorter than for other patients (p = 0.007). Preoperative ΔFMI was not a prognostic factor but FMI increased during the postoperative period (p = 0.009) in all patients. Conclusion A large reduction in preoperative SMI was significantly associated with reduced survival after DDLT. Therefore, changes in muscle mass during the preoperative period can be considered as a prognostic factor for survival after DDLT.
Vegetarian diets during pregnancy, and maternal and neonatal outcomes.

BACKGROUND Vegetarian diets are becoming increasingly popular in the USA. Limited research has examined the health consequences of vegetarian diets during pregnancy. We comprehensively examined associations of vegetarianism during pregnancy with maternal and neonatal outcomes. METHODS We used data from the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development's Fetal Growth Studies-Singletons, a prospective multi-site cohort of 1948 low-risk pregnant women of four races/ethnicities (White, Black, Hispanic, Asian/Pacific Islander) in the USA (2009-2013). Vegetarianism was self-reported and also defined based on dietary patterns measured using a self-administered first-trimester food-frequency questionnaire (full [lacto-ovo and vegan], pesco-, semi- and non-vegetarians). Neonatal outcomes included birthweight and neonatal anthropometric measures, small for gestational age, small for gestational age with neonatal morbidity and preterm delivery. Maternal outcomes included gestational weight gain, gestational diabetes, hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and gestational anaemia. RESULTS Ninety-nine (6.2%) women self-reported being vegetarian. The diet-based definition identified 32 (2.0%) full vegetarians, 7 (0.6%) pesco-vegetarians and 301 (17.6%) semi-vegetarians. Neonates of diet-based full vegetarians had higher odds of being small for gestational age [adjusted odds ratio (ORadj) = 2.51, 95% confidence interval: 1.01, 6.21], but not of being small for gestational age with a postnatal morbidity. Full vegetarians had marginally increased the odds of inadequate second-trimester gestational weight gain (ORadj = 2.24, 95% confidence interval: 0.95, 5.27). CONCLUSION Vegetarian diets during pregnancy were associated with constitutionally smaller neonatal size, potentially via the mothers' reduced gestational weight gain. Notably, vegetarianism was not associated with small-for-gestational-age-related morbidities or other adverse maternal outcomes.
Early Childhood Junk Food Consumption, Severe Dental Caries, and Undernutrition: A Mixed-Methods Study from Mumbai, India

In India, globalization has caused a nutrition transition from home-cooked foods to processed sugary snacks and drinks, contributing to increased early childhood caries (ECC). This mixed-methods study describes risk factors for ECC and associations with undernutrition in low-income communities in Mumbai. Interviews with mothers of 959 children, ages six-months through six-years, addressed maternal-child nutrition and oral health, and children received dental exams and anthropometric assessments. Focus groups with community health workers and mothers explored experiences and perceptions of oral health, nutrition, and ECC. Descriptive and logistic regression analyses of quantitative data, and content analysis of qualitative data were performed. Eighty percent of children lived 5 min from a junk-food store, over 50% consumed junk-food and sugary tea daily, 50% experienced ECC, 19% had severe deep tooth decay, 27% experienced mouth pain, and 56% experienced chronic and/or acute malnutrition. In children ages 3–6, each additional tooth with deep decay was associated with increased odds of undernutrition (Odds Ratio [OR] 1.10, Confidence Interval [CI] 1.02–1.21). Focus groups identified the junk-food environment, busy family life, and limited dental care as contributors to ECC. Policy interventions include limits on junk-food marketing and incorporating oral health services and counseling on junk-food/sugary drinks into maternal–child health programs.
Myeloid cell-targeted STAT3 inhibition sensitizes head and neck cancers to radiotherapy and T cell-mediated immunity.

The tumor microenvironment affects the outcome of radiotherapy against head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). We recently found that tolerogenic myeloid cells accumulate in circulation of HNSCC patients undergoing radiotherapy. Here, we analyzed tumor-containing lymph nodes biopsies collected from these patients. After two-weeks of radiotherapy, we found an increase in tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) with activated STAT3, while CD8 T-cells were reduced as detected using multiplex IHC. Gene expression profiling indicated upregulation of M2 macrophage-related genes (CD163, CD206), immunosuppressive mediators (ARG1, LIF, TGFB1) and Th2 cytokines (IL4, IL5) in irradiated tumors. We next validated STAT3 as a potential target in human HNSCC-associated TAMs, using UM-SCC1 xenotransplants in humanized mice. Local injections of myeloid cell-targeted STAT3 antisense oligonucleotide (CpG-STAT3ASO) activated human DCs/macrophages, promoted CD8 T-cell recruitment and thereby arrested UM-SCC1 tumor growth. Furthermore, CpG-STAT3ASO synergized with tumor irradiation against syngeneic HPV+ mEERL and HPV- MOC2 HNSCC tumors in mice, triggering tumor regression and/or extending animal survival. The antitumor immune responses were CD8+ and CD4+ T-cell-dependent and associated with the activation of antigen-presenting cells (DCs/M1 macrophages) and increased CD8+ to regulatory T-cell ratio. Our observations suggest that targeted inhibition of STAT3 in tumor-associated myeloid cells augments the efficacy of radiotherapy against HNSCC.
Do High Psychopaths Care More about Moral Consequences than Low Psychopaths in Chinese Culture? An Exploration Using the CNI Model

Purpose: Fewer studies are about the influence of psychopath traits on moral judgment and the underlying psychological mechanism in Chinese cultural background. In this paper, we use the creative CNI (Consequences, Norms, Inaction versus action) model to quantify the subject’s reaction to moral dilemmas. Method: In this research, the Chinese version of the Levenson Psychopathic Scale, CNI model materials, and a multinomial model to further analyze the associations among the psychopathy characteristics and utilitarian moral judgment are applied. The CNI model is proposed by Gawronski et al., which can quantify the subjects’ sensitivity to moral consequence, sensitivity to moral norms, and the general preference for inaction or action in moral dilemmas. Result: This study finds that there were significant differences in the utilitarian moral judgment between the groups, t (360) = 3.24, p = 0.001, and Cohen’s d = 0.36. The analysis results of the CNI model show that the high psychopathy group on the N parameter was significantly lower than the group of low psychopathy, ΔG2 (2) = 79.70, p = 0.001. In terms of the C parameter, we found no significant distinctions between the two groups, ΔG2 (2) = 1.356, p = 0.244. For the I parameter, the two groups also have no significant differences, ΔG2 (2) = 0.093, p = 0.76. Conclusion: Persons with high psychopathy traits prefer to make more utilitarian moral judgments and have a weak sensitivity to moral norms (N). The sensitivity to consequences (C) of the two groups is no significant difference. The general preference for inaction versus action (I) also has no significant differences between those two groups. Moreover, the CNI model fits well in Chinese subjects.
Slackline Training in Children with Spastic Cerebral Palsy: A Randomized Clinical Trial

Objective: To assess whether a slackline intervention program improves postural control in children/adolescents with spastic cerebral palsy (CP). Design: Randomized controlled trial. Setting: Patients’ association. Participants: Twenty-seven children/adolescents with spastic CP (9–16 years) were randomly assigned to a slackline intervention (n = 14, 13 ± 3 years) or control group (n = 13, 12 ± 2 years). Intervention: Three slackline sessions per week (30 min/session) for 6 weeks. Main outcome measures: The primary outcome was static posturography (center of pressure—CoP—parameters). The secondary outcomes were surface myoelectrical activity of the lower-limb muscles during the posturography test and jump performance (countermovement jump test and Abalakov test). Overall (RPE, >6–20 scale) rating of perceived exertion was recorded at the end of each intervention session. Results: The intervention was perceived as “very light” (RPE = 7.6 ± 0.6). The intervention yielded significant benefits on static posturography (a significant group by time interaction on Xspeed, p = 0.006) and jump performance (a significant group by time interaction on Abalakov test, p = 0.015). Conclusions: Slackline training improved static postural control and motor skills and was perceived as non-fatiguing in children/adolescents with spastic CP.
A Design of the Resilient Enterprise: A Reference Architecture for Emergent Behaviors Control

The sooner disruptive emergent behaviors are detected, the sooner preventive measures can be taken to ensure the resilience of business processes execution. Therefore, organizations need to prepare for emergent behaviors by embedding corrective control mechanisms, which help coordinate organization-wide behavior (and goals) with the behavior of local autonomous entities. Ongoing technological advances, brought by the Industry 4.0 and cyber-physical systems of systems paradigms, can support integration within complex enterprises, such as supply chains. In this paper, we propose a reference enterprise architecture for the detection and monitoring of emergent behaviors in enterprises. We focus on addressing the need for an adequate reaction to disruptions. Based on a systematic review of the literature on the topic of current architectural designs for understanding emergent behaviors, we distill architectural requirements. Our architecture is a hybrid as it combines distributed autonomous business logic (expressed in terms of simple business rules) and some central control mechanisms. We exemplify the instantiation and use of this architecture by means of a proof-of-concept implementation, using a multimodal logistics case study. The obtained results provide a basis for achieving supply chain resilience “by design”, i.e., through the design of coordination mechanisms that are well equipped to absorb and compensate for the effects of emergent disruptive behaviors.
Measuring the Default Risk of Small Business Loans: Improved Credit Risk Prediction using Deep Learning

This paper suggests using a multilayer artificial neural network (ANN) method, known as deep learning ANN, to predict the probability of default (PD) within the survival analysis framework. Deep learning ANN structures consider hidden interconnections among the covariates determining the PD which can lead to prediction gains compared to parametric statistical methods. The application of the ANN method to a large data set of small business loans demonstrates prediction gains for the method relative to the logit and skewed logit models. These gains mainly concern short term prediction horizons and are more apparent for the type I misclassification error of loan default events, which has important implications for bank loans portfolio management. To identify the effects of covariates on the PD by the ANN structure, the paper proposes a bootstrap sampling method obtaining the distribution of changes of the PD over discrete covariate changes, while controlling for possible interactions among the covariates. We find that the covariates with the most important influence on the PD include the delinquent amount of a loan over its total balance, the payments and the balance of the loan over its installment, as well as the delinquency buckets of a loan. The duration of a loan is also found to be an important factor of default risk.
Hypothermic Oxygenated Perfusion Improves Extended Criteria Donor Liver Graft Function and Reduces Duration of Hospitalization Without Extra Cost: The PERPHO Study

Few studies have evaluated the efficacy or the cost of hypothermic oxygenated perfusion (HOPE) in the conservation of extended criteria donor (ECD) grafts from donation after brain death (DBD) donors during liver transplantation (LT). We performed a prospective, monocentric study (NCT03376074) designed to evaluate the interest of HOPE for ECD‐DBD grafts. For comparison, a control group was selected after propensity score matching among patients who received transplants between 2010 and 2017. Between February and November 2018, the HOPE procedure was used in 25 LTs. Immediately after LT, the median aspartate aminotransferase (AST) level was significantly lower in the HOPE group (724UI versus 1284UI; P = 0.046) as were the alanine aminotransferase (ALT; 392UI versus 720UI; P = 0.01), lactate (2.2 versus 2.7; P = 0.01) There was a significant reduction in intensive care unit stay (3 versus 5 days; P = 0.01) and hospitalization (15 versus 20 days; P = 0.01). The incidence of early allograft dysfunction (EAD; 28% versus 42%; P = 0.22) was similar . A level of AST or ALT in perfusate >800UI was found to be highly predictive of EAD occurrence (areas under the curve, 0.92 and 0.91, respectively). The 12‐month graft (88% versus 89.5%; P = 1.00) and patient survival rates (91% versus 91.3%; P = 1.00) were similar. The additional cost of HOPE was estimated at € 5298 per patient. The difference between costs and revenues, from the hospital's perspective, was not different between the HOPE and control groups (respectively, € 3023 versus € 4059]; IC, –€ 5470 and € 8652). HOPE may improve ECD graft function and reduce hospitalization stay without extra cost. These results must be confirmed in a randomized trial.
Predictors of distress among patients undergoing staging investigations for suspected colorectal and lung cancer

ABSTRACT People undergoing investigations for suspected cancer have to undergo a number of investigations before they know their full diagnosis and treatment plan. We examined predictors of distress among patients undergoing staging investigations for suspected colorectal or lung cancer. Patients were prospectively recruited to two multi-centre trials comparing WB-MRI with standard scans. Patients completed a questionnaire, administered at trial recruitment, measuring demographic and psychological variables (n = 129, 66 colorectal, 63 lung; median age 66.4, range: 31–89). Predictors of distress were analysed using logistic regression. Forty percent of patients reported high distress (a score of 4 or higher on the GHQ-12). Higher deprivation and greater intolerance of uncertainty (IU) predicted high distress in both unadjusted (low deprivation: OR 0.352, 95% CIs 0.144 to 0.860, p = 0.022; IU: OR 1.972, 95% CIs: 1.357 to 2.865, p < 0.001) and adjusted analyses (low deprivation: OR 0.243, 95% CIs 0.083 to 0.714, p = 0.010; IU: OR 2.231, 95% CIs 1.429 to 3.485, p < 0.001). Age, gender, presence of comorbid illness, cancer type, probable knowledge of cancer diagnosis, and a final diagnosis of cancer did not predict high distress. Future research should examine how to reduce distress in patients undergoing investigations for cancer, particularly among those who find uncertainty difficult to manage.
Taming fitness: Organism‐environment interdependencies preclude long‐term fitness forecasting

Fitness is a central but notoriously vexing concept in evolutionary biology. The propensity interpretation of fitness is often regarded as the least problematic account for fitness. It ties an individual's fitness to a probabilistic capacity to produce offspring. Fitness has a clear causal role in evolutionary dynamics under this account. Nevertheless, the propensity interpretation faces its share of problems. We discuss three of these. We first show that a single scalar value is an incomplete summary of a propensity. Second, we argue that the widespread method of “abstracting away” environmental idiosyncrasies by averaging over reproductive output in different environments is not a valid approach when environmental changes are irreversible. Third, we point out that expanding the range of applicability for fitness measures by averaging over more environments or longer time scales (so as to ensure environmental reversibility) reduces one's ability to distinguish selectively relevant differences among individuals because of mutation and eco‐evolutionary feedbacks. This series of problems leads us to conclude that a general value of fitness that is both explanatory and predictive cannot be attained. We advocate for the use of propensity‐compatible methods, such as adaptive dynamics, which can accommodate these difficulties.
Congenital, Intrapartum and Postnatal Maternal-Fetal-Neonatal SARS-CoV-2 Infections: A Narrative Review

Background: There is inconclusive evidence regarding congenital, intrapartum, and postnatal maternal-fetal-neonatal SARS-CoV-2 infections during the COVID-19 pandemic. A narrative review was conducted with the aim of guiding clinicians on the management of pregnant women with respect to congenital, intrapartum, and postnatal maternal-fetal-neonatal SARS-CoV-2 infections and breastfeeding during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: Searches were conducted in Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, Dialnet, CUIDEN, Scielo, and Virtual Health Library to identify observational, case series, case reports, and randomized controlled trial studies assessing the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from mother to baby and/or through breastfeeding during the COVID-19 pandemic. Results: A total of 49 studies was included in this review, comprising 329 pregnant women and 331 neonates (two pregnant women delivered twins). The studies were performed in China (n = 26), USA (n = 7), Italy (n = 3), Iran (n = 2), Switzerland (n = 1), Spain (n = 1), Turkey (n = 1), Australia (n = 1), India (n = 1), Germany (n = 1), France (n = 1), Canada (n = 1), Honduras (n = 1), Brazil (n = 1), and Peru (n = 1). Samples from amniotic fluid, umbilical cord blood, placenta, cervical secretion, and breastmilk were collected and analyzed. A total of 15 placental swabs gave positive results for SARS-CoV-2 ribonucleic acid (RNA) on the fetal side of the placenta. SARS-CoV-2 RNA was found in seven breastmilk samples. One umbilical cord sample was positive for SARS-CoV-2. One amniotic fluid sample tested positive for SARS-CoV-2. Conclusions: This study presents some evidence to support the potential of congenital, intrapartum, and postnatal maternal-fetal-neonatal SARS-CoV-2 infections during the COVID-19 pandemic. Mothers should follow recommendations including wearing a facemask and hand washing before and after breastfeeding.
Foot-and-mouth disease virus VP1 target the MAVS to inhibit type-I interferon signaling and VP1 E83K mutation results in virus attenuation

VP1, a pivotal capsid protein encoded by the foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV), plays an important role in receptor-mediated attachment and humoral immune responses. Previous studies show that amino acid changes in the VP1 protein of cell culture-adapted strains of FMDV alter the properties of the virus. In addition, FMDV VP1 modulates host IFN signal transduction. Here, we examined the ability of cell culture-adapted FMDV VP1(83K) and wild-type FMDV VP1(83E) to evade host immunity by blocking mitochondrial antiviral signaling protein (MAVS)/TNF Receptor Associated Factor 3 (TRAF3) mediated cellular innate responses. Wild-type FMDV VP1(83E) interacted specifically with C-terminal TRAF3-binding site within MAVS and this interaction inhibited binding of TRAF3 to MAVS, thereby suppressing interferon-mediated responses. This was not observed for cell culture-adapted FMDV VP1(83K). Finally, chimeric FMDV harboring VP1(83K) showed very low pathogenicity in pigs. Collectively, these data highlight a critical role of VP1 with respect to suppression of type-I IFN pathway and attenuation of FMDV by the E83K mutation in VP1.
Brain-Like Object Recognition Neural Networks are more robustness to common corruptions

Previous work [12, 13] have shown that there exists a correlation between the 1 performance of neural networks in object recognition tasks and its ability to match 2 behavioral and neural recordings. We expanded on this work to ask the question: 3 Does the behavioral and neural recordings are also correlated to the robustness of 4 neural networks to common corruptions (e.g ImageNet-C). We selected several 5 models from the leaderboard in Brain-Score, a platform that hosts neural and 6 behavioral benchmarks for brain-model similarity, and tested their robustness to the 7 corruption from ImageNet-C. We showed that higher brain-score is correlated with 8 lower mean corruption error across models. Particularly, we show a correlation 9 between the V4 and Behavioral datasets and the model’s robustness to ImageNet-C. 10 These ﬁnds suggest that explicitly modeling/matching data from V4 might be a 11 good strategy for developing robust models to common corruptions. 12