Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of Mineral Bone Disorders in Chronic Kidney Disease Patients

Tapas Ranjan Behera, Bishwaranjan Mohanty*, Alisha Sahu, Sujata Naik, Jatindra Nath Mohanty Department of Nephrology, IMS and SUM hospital, Siksha “O” Anusandhan University (Deemed to be), K8, Kalinga nagar, Bhubaneswar-751003, Odisha, India, Department of Anaesthesia & critical care, IMS and SUM hospital, Siksha “O” Anusandhan University (Deemed to be), K8, Kalinga nagar,Bhubaneswar-751003, Odisha, India, Department of Pathology, IMS and SUM hospital, Siksha “O” Anusandhan University (Deemed to be), K8, Kalinga nagar,Bhubaneswar-751003, Odisha, India, Medical Research Laboratory, IMS and SUM hospital, Siksha “O” Anusandhan University (Deemed to be), K8, Kalinga nagar,Bhubaneswar-751003, Odisha, India.
The gonad‐ and thyroid‐stimulating potencies of phyone and hebin

That the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland influences general body growth and the activities of many of the endocrine organs-such as the gonads, the pancreas, the thyroid, adrenal and parathyroid glands-is supported by abundant evidence both from extirpation of the gland and from administering it, either by transplants of the fresh gland substance or by injected extracts. However, whether each known activity is mediated by a separate hormone is still unsettled (Evans, '33 ; Riddle, '33 ; Riddle, Bates and Dykshorn, '33 a). There is evidence f o r the presence of a gonad-stimulating hormone (possibly two hormones, Fevold, Hisaw and Leonard, '31), a growth-promoting hormone, and a mammary glandstimulating hormone (prolactin) since purified extracts can be made that will give only one of the above actions (Riddle, '33 ; Riddle, Bates and Dykshorn, '33 a, b). Whether the substance that activates the thyroid is a fourth hormone as suggested by Crew and Wiesner in 1930 or is the same as the gonad-stimulating one (Riddle, '33 ; Riddle, Bates and Dykshorn, '33 a ) is still a question. At least, according to the work of the latter authors and that of Anderson and Collip ('33) and Evans ( '33) , the thyreotropic hormone can be separated from the growth hormone.
Residual feed intake and its effect on carcass and meat characteristics of feedlot Zebu cattle

The objective of this study was to evaluate the residual feed intake (RFI) and its relation with performance, carcass and meat characteristics of Zebu animals. A total of 40 Zebu steers with initial age of 18 months and initial live weight of 350 kg were confined in feedlot for 112 days. The average daily gain (ADG) and dry matter intake (DMI) were obtained every 14 days. Residual feed intake was determined by the difference between observed and predicted DMI, based on the metabolic weight and the ADG. Animals were classified into the RFI groups: high (>0.5 standard deviation of the mean - least efficient), medium (±0.5 standard deviation of the mean) and low (<0.5 standard deviation of the mean - most efficient). Daily cost with feeding and per kilogram of weight gain was determined. Characteristics of carcass (weight, yield, subcutaneous fat) meat (pH, shear force and color) were assessed. Animals with low RFI presented lower DMI. The variation in DMI between the low and the high RFI groups promoted difference in the daily cost with feeding and per kilogram of weight gain, with animals of low RFI presenting costs 5 and 9% lower, respectively. Carcass and meat characteristics differed over the RFI groups. The knowledge of the RFI of the animals enables a more efficient system, with reduction in the costs with feeding, without promoting alterations on the performance and carcass characteristics of the meat from Zebu animals.
Clinical Profile of Snake Bite Envenomation in Patients Admitted at Tertiary Care Hospital

Background: Snakebite envenoming is a potentially life-threatening disease that typically results from the injection of venom following the bite of a venomous snake. Sometimes envenoming can also be caused by venom being sprayed into a person’s eyes by certain species of snakes that have the ability to spit venom as a defense measure. Not all snakebites are venomous. Some snakes are non-venomous and venomous snakes do not always inject venom during a bite. Subjects and Methods: Patients were examined for complications of snake bite. Haemotoxicity was assessed based on features like bleeding from the bite site, gums, epistaxis, haemoptysis, haematemesis, rectal bleeding or malaena, haematuria, vaginal bleeding, bleeding into the mucosae, skin (petechiae, purpura, discoid haemorrhages, ecchymoses. Neurotoxicity by drowsiness, paraesthesiae, abnormalities of taste and smell, ptosis, external ophthalmoplegia, paralysis of facial muscles and other muscles innervated by the cranial nerves, respiratory and generalized flaccid paralysis. Results: Majority of the patients were farmers with 44% followed by housewives (26%). Lower limbs were the most common site of bite in our study group comprising of74% of the patients. Conclusion: Most common manifestation of envenomation is local envenomation comprising of 66%.
Resistance to grain protectants in field populations of the sawtoothed grain beetle in Southern Queensland

Resistance of field strains of Oryzaephilus surinamensis L. (sawtoothed grain beetle) to grain protectants was assessed using commercial dose rates of protectant in treated grain bioassays. Grain protectants tested were: chlorpyrifos- methyl, 5 and 10 mg/kg grain; methacriphos, 10 and 18 mg/kg; pirimiphos-methyl 4 mg/kg; fenitrothion, 12 mg/kg, plus carbaryl, 8 mg/kg; fenitrothion, 12 mg/kg, plus bioresmethrin, 1 mg/kg, plus piperonyl butoxide, 8 mg/ kg; pyrethrins, 3 mg/kg, plus piperonyl butoxide, 24 mg/kg. About 10% of farms surveyed and about 42% of merchant premises were infested. Most of the insects originating from farms were effectively controlled by all grain protectants. However, some strains showed less than 100% adult mortality and some progeny production when treated with: chloropyrifos-methyl at 5 mg/kg; pirimiphos-methyl; and pyrethrins plus piperonyl butoxide. In contrast, for all strains obtained from the premises of grain merchants, none of the grain protectants, except methacrifos at 18 mg/kg, caused complete adult mortality whilst fenitrothion, chlorpyrifos-methyl at 5 mg/kg and pyrethrins plus piperonyl butoxide failed to completely suppress progeny production in some strains. A composite strain showed no mortality with fenitrothion at 12 mg/kg after five generations of laboratory selection.
Leaf dry matter content as an integrative expression of plant palatability: the case of freshwater macrophytes

Summary 1We examined the possibility of using the dry matter content (DMC) of macrophytes (the ratio of dry mass to wet mass) as an integrative variable to predict their palatability to generalist invertebrate grazers. 2We assessed the palatability of 20 macrophyte species, using the snail Lymnaea stagnalis (L.) in non-choice feeding experiments. Three of the species were studied at two different dates in the year, at two or four sites. 3The average dry mass consumed by L. stagnalis ranged widely between species, and was negatively correlated to plant DMC. At the intraspecific level, the dry mass consumed varied over time but was not related to site location. Again, the dry mass consumed was negatively correlated to plant DMC. 4The DMC of the macrophytes studied explained about 30% of interspecific variability, and >80% of seasonal variability, in snail consumption rate. Therefore this trait could be used as a shortcut to predict variations in macrophyte palatability, especially at the intraspecific level. At the interspecific level, the relationship between DMC and palatability might be weakened by the presence in some plants of low molecular weight chemical deterrents.
Shoot and root growth and potassium concentration of maize as affected by potassium fertiliser placement.

Banding of fertilisers is becoming a necessary part of conservation tillage. Unfortunately, when nutrients are placed in a band there is the possibility of insufficient root contact for optimum uptake. For nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P), this issue is addressed through the well understood plant response of root proliferation. In contrast, there has been little work done on fractional fertilising of potassium (K), and the existing work indicates that K does not promote root proliferation. A pot trial with treatments consisting of six different fractional soil volumes fertilised with K was set up to determine the effect of fractional fertilisation of K on the plant uptake of K, root morphology and shoot biomass. Root proliferation occurred in treatments with a band application of fertiliser and with 6.25 and 12.5% of soil volume fertilised. There was no effect from fractional fertilisation on plant uptake of K or shoot biomass production. Plants were able to adapt to the resource environment and achieve adequate uptake of K regardless of the soil volume fertilised.
An Individual Barnacle, Semibalanus balanoides, with Two Penises

Abstract During the late fall and early winter of 2007, we collected intertidal barnacles and observed reproductive activity. Among these, we found an otherwise normal barnacle that had two penises. At least one of these penises is inferred to have retained normal function and to have fertilized the egg brood of the barnacle's neighbor.
Recent elevational range expansions in plethodontid salamanders (Amphibia: Plethodontidae) in the southern Appalachian Mountains

Approximately 32.5% of all amphibian species are globally threatened, and amphibian extinctions have been recorded worldwide. Individual studies rarely give full consideration to multiple potential drivers of observed biological change, instead tending to attribute changes to a single driver. Here, I tested for impacts of land use and climate change on range changes in a community of plethodontid salamanders living from 518 to 2036 m elevation in a global hotspot for amphibian diversity.
Effect of drought on polyamine metabolism, yield, protein content and in vitro protein digestibility in tepary (Phaseolus acutifolius) and common (Phaseolus vulgaris) bean seeds

The objective of the present study was to investigate the effect of drought on the metabolism of proline, ornithine and polyamines, and the enzymes involved in their synthesis and degradation, in tepary and common bean seeds. Furthermore, the effect on seed yield, protein content and in vitro protein digestibility was also studied. Genotypes of tepary bean (Phaseolus acutifolius) used were: PI-301-801 from Nicaragua; G-400-35 from Oaxaca, Mexico; L-242-24 and L-242-36 from Sonora, Mexico; L-172 from Arizona, USA; and the common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) variety Flor de Mayo Bajio (FMB) from Mexico. The cultivars were grown in a greenhouse under controlled temperature, light and humidity. Water content in plants (WCP) decreased when irrigation was stopped (1 and 2 weeks after blooming). Common bean had the lowest WCP value (73.75%), while the best genotypes were PI-301-801 (91.62%), G-400-35 (88.70%) and L-242-24 (85.73%). Tepary bean plants had superior water absorption capacity, which helped to increase yield. De novo synthesis of drought proteins may explain the increased protein content present under drought conditions. The results suggest that water stress induced ornithine amino transferase activity and ornithine concentration. Proline also increased under drought conditions (p < 0.05). Genotypes L-242-24 and G-400-35, which had the highest yield, also had a major concentration of polyamines under water stress. The results also suggest that arginase activity participated in amino acid synthesis such as ornithine and, consequently, in the protein concentration under water stress. Genotypes G-400-35 and L-242-24 are good alternatives for cultivation in arid zones. Copyright © 2003 Society of Chemical Industry
Effect of dietary supplementation of non-starch polysaccharide degrading enzymes on growth performance of broiler chicks.

An experiment was conducted to study the performance and carcass parameters of broilers chicks fed diets with and without supplementing non-starch polysaccharide degrading enzymes (NSPDE) at the rate of 0.5 g/kg diet. A total of 300 day-old broiler chicks were randomly divided into 12 sets (replicates) each comprising 25 chicks and three sets per treatment group, reared on deep litter from 1-42 days post-hatch. Group A was fed diets without NSPDE supplementation, while group B was fed diets supplemented with NSPDE (0.5 g/kg). Group C was fed diets containing 50 kcal/kg less metabolizable energy (ME) without NSPDE and group D was fed diets having 50 kcal/kg less ME with NSPDE (0.5 g/kg) supplementation. Feed and water were provided ad libitum. Feed intake and feed conversion ratio (FCR) from 1-28 days and 1-42 days was significantly (p<0.05) improved in chicks fed NSPDE supplemented diets (groups B and D) compared to non-supplemented diets (groups A and C). However, during 29-42 days of growing period enzymes supplementation did not influence feed intake and FCR. Body weight gain, dressing percentage and relative weights of heart, gizzard and shank at 42 days of age was found to be non-significantly different among all groups. However, liver weight reduced significantly (p<0.05) in NSPDE supplemented groups. The study suggested that NSPDE supplementation was beneficial in enhancing feed utilization during the starter phase, while its effects on weight gain, dressing percentage and weights of organs, except liver weight, were found to be non-significant.
Effects of Raf Kinase Inhibitor Protein Expression on Suppression of Prostate Cancer Metastasis

Background: Raf kinase inhibitor protein (RKIP), an inhibitor of Raf-mediated activation of mitogen-activated protein/ extracellular signal-regulated kinase kinase (MEK), is expressed at lower levels in human C4-2B metastatic prostate cancer cells than in the parental non-metastatic LNCaP prostate cancer cells from which they were derived. We examined whether RKIP functions as a suppressor of metastasis. Methods: Immunohistochemistry was used to detect RKIP expression in clinical samples of primary prostate cancer and prostate cancer metastases. LNCaP and C4-2B cells were stably transfected with plasmids that constitutively expressed antisense and sense RKIP cDNA, respectively, or with empty vector. Assays of cell proliferation, soft-agar colony formation, and in vitro cell invasion were used to examine the malignant phenotypes of the transfected cells. An orthotopic murine model was used to examine the effect of expressing RKIP in C4-2B cells on the development of spontaneous metastasis. Results: Clinical samples of primary prostate cancer had detectable RKIP expression, whereas clinical samples of prostate cancer metastases did not. There were no differences in the in vitro proliferation rate or colony-forming ability between the control vector-transfected and sense RKIP vector-transfected C4-2B cells or between the control vector-transfected and the antisense RKIP vector-transfected LNCaP cells. Overexpression of RKIP in C4-2B cells was associated with decreased in vitro cell invasion, decreased development of lung metastases in vivo, and decreased vascular invasion in the primary tumor but did not affect primary tumor growth in mice. Conclusions: RKIP does not influence the tumorigenic properties of human prostate cancer cells. It appears to be a novel and clinically relevant suppressor of metastasis that may function by decreasing vascular invasion. [J Natl Cancer Inst 2003;95: 878–89]
Within-stem variation of respiration in Pseudotsuga menziesii (Douglas-fir) trees.

• A technique for measuring in vitro respiration was investigated to understand why rates were higher than those reported in vivo and to elucidate trends within mature Pseudotsuga menziesii (Douglas-fir) trees. • Extracted increment cores were divided into 3-4 radial depths and a gas chromatograph was used to compare respiration rates radially and vertically within stems. • Respiration of inner bark was 2-3 times greater than sapwood, and 50-70% higher in outer than inner sapwood. Inner bark and outer sapwood released > 40% more CO2 at treetops than at bases. Trends were robust for CO2 production on a core dry-mass, volume, or total carbon basis. By contrast, CO2 production on a nitrogen basis showed almost no significant variation. • This in vitro technique provided an effective index for relative differences in respiration within tree stems. Discrepancies between in vitro and in vivo measurements might be related to the gaseous environment in stems. The estimated within-stem gradients in respiration were possibly determined by enzyme quantity and availability and could be useful in scaling to whole-trees.
On-Site Faecal Sludge Treatment on Raised Latrines during Emergency Situations

i Acknowledgements iii List of Figures vi List of Tables vii Abbreviations viii 1.0. Introduction 1 1.1. Faecal sludge management in emergency situations 1 1.2. Problem Statement 3 2.0. Literature Review 4 2.1. Comparison of faecal sludge treatment technologies 6 2.1.1. Mechanical treatment 6 2.1.2. Chemical Treatment 9 2.2. Characterization of faecal sludge 13 2.3. Research Objectives 14 2.4. Research Questions 14 2.5. Significance/Justification of the Research 14 3.0. Research Design and Methodology 16 3.1. Laboratory-scale experiments 18 3.2. Field-scale experiments 20 4.0. Results 24 4.1. Laboratory-scale results 24 4.2. Field-scale results 33 5.0. Discussion 39 6.0. Conclusions 41 7.0. Recommendations 43 References 45 Appendices 47 Appendix A Laboratory Results 47 On-Site Faecal Sludge Treatment on Raised Latrines during Emergency Situations
From wheat to sourdough bread: a laboratory scale study on the fate of deoxynivalenol content

The effect of wheat processing by scouring, milling and sourdough bread making on the fate of deoxynivalenol was studied using wheat samples artificially contaminated with Fusarium graminearum. The scourer assures an intensive treatment of grain surface, allowing the reduction of deoxynivalenol content by 34.6-46.2%. After milling, the deoxynivalenol was found in all wheat mill fractions. The highest deoxynivalenol contents were found in bran fractions (bran and shorts). Concerning the flour fractions, those with low ash content, resulting from the first break and first reduction flours, were found to have higher deoxynivalenol concentrations than other flour fractions. The sourdough fermentation with selected lactic acid bacteria allowed the significant decrease (58.6-66.5%) of deoxynivalenol content of flour, while the spontaneous fermentation induced a much lower decrease (26.2-29.1%). The baking process caused the reduction of deoxynivalenol content by 11.4-15.5% compared to fermented dough.
Use it or lose it: measuring trends in wild species subject to substantial use

Abstract The unsustainable use of wild animals and plants is thought to be a significant driver of biodiversity loss in many regions of the world. The international community has therefore called for action to ensure the sustainable use of living resources and safeguard them for future generations. Indicators that can track changes in populations of species used by humans are essential tools for measuring progress towards these ideals and informing management decisions. Here we present two indicators that could be used to track changes in populations of utilized vertebrate species and levels of harvest sustainability. Preliminary results based on sample data both at the global level and for the Arctic show that utilized species are faring better than other species overall. This could be a consequence of better management of these populations, as indicated by more sustainable harvest levels in recent decades. Limitations of the indicators are still apparent; in particular, there is a lack of data on harvested populations of some vertebrate classes and from certain regions. Focusing monitoring efforts on broadening the scope of data collected and identifying interactions with other potential drivers of decline will strengthen these indicators as policy tools and improve their potential to be incorporated into future sets of indicators to track progress towards global biodiversity targets.
Enhancing Partnerships Between Cities And Businesses For Migration

In 2015, according to the United Nations, 244 million people worldwide were international migrants, of which 65.3 million were forcefully displaced. Ultimately, it is in cities where migrants settle, make their daily lives, and interact with the local population. Cities are faced with the challenge of effectively integrating migrants including access to the labor market, while migrants need to gain employment in order to contribute to the local economy and actively participate in their new community. Capitalizing on the skills migrants have to offer has the potential to reduce the cost that migrants could have on the welfare system and other indirect costs due to unemployment. This poses a great opportunity for businesses, which are increasingly struggling to fill skills gaps from within their local labor markets. However, migration is still a topic that generates confusion and mixed perceptions amongst businesses, and a shift in mentality is needed to capitalize on the full potential of migration. Migrants and refugees still constitute largely untapped pools of talent. Local governments are in the best position to incentivize private sector engagement via programs to better leverage migrants for positive outcomes by working in partnership and addressing issues that are relevant to business’ bottom line, such as return on investment. This paper reviews initiatives aimed at enhancing business-city partnerships for successful economic integration of migrants and draws lessons from them. The labor market participation of ethnic minorities facilitates their social acceptance, and prevents further social exclusion by enabling social contact between migrants and the host community, and allowing them to develop their talents. The paper also suggests ways to maximize the positive effects of labor integration of migrants through the formation of partnerships between cities and businesses.
Design of Elliptical Pin Fins Heat Exchanger for Concentrated Solar Power Plants

The design of elliptical fins is investigated through ANSYS Fluent intending to use it as heat sink in Concentrated Solar Power Plants. Varying Reynolds number and heat flux cases, the flow field temperature distributions are investigated using the water as the working fluid. Apart from that, the performance of the fins is observed through assessment of thermal resistance. As the Reynolds number increases, the thermal resistance of the heat sink decreased. The results indicated effective heat transfer for elliptical fins for all cases of heat fluxes studied.
Analysis and Application of Taylor-Kalman Filters Under a Distorted Grid Condition

The Taylor-Kalman filter (TKF) is a linear filter that can be modeled using either an accurately modeled TKF (known as the modified TKF) or an approximately modeled TKF. The higher-order TKF can not only adapt to the small frequency deviation condition but also prevents certain harmonics leakage. It has been increasingly widely applied in power grid synchronization and other power system fields. However, to the best of authors’ knowledge, systematical analyses of the impact of different models on the estimation performance and the methods for extraction of the shifted grid frequency have not been reported to date. The aim of this paper is to examine the TKF-based phase estimation algorithms (PEA) with regard to aspects such as the steady state, dynamic state and computational cost. Comparisons were carried out to evaluate the effects of the model and the order of TKF on the dynamic response and steady-state error. A strong tracking algorithm was also introduced to enhance the dynamic response. Several approaches for reducing the computational burden are given. Finally, combined with the moving average filter (MAF), which is a typical low-pass filter, an application example of TKF-based PEA was developed, and its performance was verified by experiments.