Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Interacción genotipo-ambiente en el rendimiento de genotipos de papa

Se evaluaron ocho genotipos resultantes de cinco ciclos de selección recurrente de Solanum tuberosum, utilizando el diseño bloques completos al azar con tres repeticiones. Hay diferencias altamente significativas en el peso total y tubérculos totales de los diferentes genotipos en seis ambientes. El análisis combinado detectó diferencias significativas para ambientes, genotipos e IGE. Los efectos localidades, genotipos, genotipos x localidad y genotipos x ambiente fueron altamente significativos. Los mejores índices ambientales para peso de tubérculos y tubérculos totales se lograron en las localidades de: Santa Clotilde, La Púcara, Marcobamba y Santa Margarita. El genotipo 399062.115 fue considerado como el genotipo estable, consistente y con alto potencial de rendimiento 46.01 t ha-1. Los genotipos: 396012.266 y 393377.159 con rendimientos de 42.01 t ha-1 y 38.66 t ha-1, respondieron mejor a condiciones desfavorables y consistentes.
Impact of assimilating radar data using a hybrid 4DEnVar approach on prediction of convective events

Abstract This study developed a hybrid four-dimensional (4D) ensemble–variational (4DEnVar) radar data assimilation (DA) system for the Weather Research and Forecasting model. The 4DEnVar approach incorporated ensemble covariances at multiple time levels to assimilate observations distributed in the assimilation windows. By approximating the evolution of the background error using 4D ensemble covariance, use of the tangent linear and adjoint models was avoided. The impact of 4DEnVar radar DA on convective-scale analyses and forecasts was examined through comparison with 3DVar and 3DEnVar methods for the case of a squall line that occurred over southeastern China. In comparison with the other methods, 4DEnVar produced both smaller root mean square innovations for radar reflectivity and radial velocity and better analysis of the vertical structure of reflectivity. The corresponding relative humidity and vertical wind in convective regions were strengthened. Ultimately, 4DEnVar produced a substantially improved forecast, including improved quantitative precipitation and reflectivity forecast skill, and better representation of the squall line in terms of both areal coverage and intensity. In contrast, 3DEnVar improved the analysis and forecast modestly in comparison with 3DVar. Furthermore, sensitivity experiments indicated that a moderate assimilation window and a stronger ensemble weighting factor used in 4DEnVar could produce superior forecast results. The wind, temperature and water vapor were also improved by 4DEnVar, with the largest bias reduction for water vapor at low and middle levels. The improvements of 4DEnVar were further verified and shown effective using a mesocale convective system case and a local convection case.
Perfect timing: Leveraging the timing of defection to assess the effect of electoral rules on party switching

When legislators switch parties between elections this may be viewed as undemocratic since, bypassing voters, they are changing the outcomes of elections. Do electoral institutions affect the likelihood of party switching? I argue that legislators are less likely to switch in candidate-centered electoral systems where, because of personal voting, parties cannot insulate defectors from voter retribution. When they switch though, legislators do so early in the term to exploit voters’ short retrospective time horizon. These expectations are tested using a quasi experimental research design that estimates the effect of the 2008 Romanian electoral reform on party switching. In 2008 Romania changed its electoral system from a closed-list PR to a candidate-centered electoral system, where all candidates compete in single-member districts. Both hypotheses are supported by empirics. This helps weed out competing explanations which now have to account for both the decrease in and the different timing of party switching.
Assemblages of anoxygenic phototrophic bacteria in tank bromeliads exhibit a host‐specific signature

Anoxygenic phototrophic bacteria (APB) are a very significant metabolic functional group in the phytotelmata of tank‐forming Bromeliaceae plants. Considering the close relationships existing between the bromeliad and its tank microbiota, the dominance of APB raises the question of their role in the ecology and evolution of these plants. Here, using pufM gene sequencing for taxonomic profiling, we investigated the structure of APB communities in the tanks of five bromeliad species exhibiting different habitat characteristics (i.e. physicochemical factors associated with the host), and occurring in different localities of French Guiana. We found that APB assemblages were specific to plant species and were less dependent on location or on bromeliad habitat characteristics. This convergence suggests that the identity of the bromeliad species per se is more important than habitat filtering or dispersal to control specific assembly rules for APB. The pufM OTUs were affiliated with five orders of Alpha‐ and Beta‐proteobacteria (Rhodobacterales, Sphingomonadales, Rhizobiales, Burkholderiales and Rhodospirillales), and we assume that they may be major components of the core microbiota of plant‐held waters. Our findings also revealed that up to 79% of the sequences were affiliated with APB clades possessing nitrogen‐fixing genes suggesting that this metabolic capability is widespread within the APB community inhabiting tank bromeliads. We hypothesized that bromeliads may benefit nutritionally from associations with free‐living APB capable to fix atmospheric nitrogen. Synthesis. Understanding the dominance of APB in tank bromeliads and determining whether a potential interplay exists between these partners is an intriguing aspect of possible mutualistic and coevolving interactions between the two existing forms of chlorophototrophy (i.e. bacteriochlorophyll‐based anoxygenic and chlorophyll‐based oxygenic phototrophy). In the present study, we found that bromeliad species was the main factor that explained variance in APB community composition. These findings suggest that APB and tank bromeliads may have a close, mutualistic relationship and we hypothesize according to our genomic analyses that APB may promote the bromeliad growth by provisioning essential nutrients like nitrogen.
Modelling of Fuel- and Energy-Switching Prices by Mean-Reverting Processes and Their Applications to Alberta Energy Markets

This paper introduces a fuel-switching price to the Alberta market, which is designed for encouraging power plant companies to switch from coal to natural gas when they produce electricity; this has been successfully applied to the European market. Moreover, we consider an energy-switching price which considers power switch from natural gas to wind. We modeled these two prices using five mean reverting processes including a Regime-switching processes, Lévy-driven Ornstein–Uhlenbeck process and Inhomogeneous Geometric Brownian Motion, and estimate them based on multiple procedures such as Maximum likelihood estimation and Expectation-Maximization algorithm. Finally, this paper proves previous results applied to the Albertan Market where the jump modeling technique is needed when modeling fuel-switching data. In addition, it not only gives promising conclusions on the necessity of introducing Regime-switching models to the fuel-switching data, but also shows that the Regime-switching model is better fitted to the data.
Low Density of Conduction and Valence Band States Contribute to the High Open-Circuit Voltage in Perovskite Solar Cells

Hybrid perovskites are widely used for high-performance solar cells. Large diffusion lengths and long charge carrier lifetimes are considered two main factors for their high performance. Here, we argue that not only large diffusion lengths and long carrier lifetimes but also the low densities of the conduction and valence band states (Nc, Nv) contribute to high-performance perovskite solar cells. We estimated Nc and Nv of silicon, CdTe, and typical perovskites with two different methods. It was found that Nc and Nv of perovskites and CdTe are much lower than that of silicon. Using numerical models, we found that the solar cell of a material with same characteristics but lower Nc and Nv can realize a higher open-circuit voltage (Voc) and higher power conversion efficiency (PCE). We put forward and proved that the low Nc and Nv in hybrid perovskite is one of the factors for its high performance. This provides a new guideline for finding and developing new photovoltaic candidate materials.
Plea validity in circuit court: judicial colloquies in misdemeanor vs. felony charges

ABSTRACT Since the majority of criminal cases end in a guilty pleas, there is growing research on issues related to the plea process, including ways in which the court determines the validity of guilty pleas. Ideally, plea validity evaluations would be consistent across courts and jurisdictions. However, prior research on felony plea hearings suggests that key elements of plea validity may not always be present, indicating there is variation in how courts assess plea validity. The current study examines potential variations in judicial plea colloquies by systematically observing plea hearings (n = 593) in a suburban circuit court. Information on the length of the hearing and the types of questions asked during the judicial colloquies was compared for the 520 (87.7%) defendants who pled to felony charges versus the 73 (12.3%) defendants who pled down to misdemeanor-only charges. Results show plea hearings for misdemeanor-only defendants were significantly shorter and, as a result, included significantly fewer questions compared to felony defendants. This indicates that misdemeanor-only plea cases may be rushed through the court process and that these defendants may not be provided the same information about the consequences of their pleas as felony defendants, posing a threat to the validity of these pleas.
Dispersion Plumes in Open Ocean Disposal Sites of Dredged Sediment

Management of estuarine systems under anthropogenic pressures related to port settlement and development requires thorough understanding about the long-term sediment dynamics in the area. In an era of growing shipping traffic and of ever larger ships; millions of tons of bottom sediments are dredged annually all over the world and the major question concerning dredging operations is not whether they should be done, because it is obvious that they are extremely important and necessary, but where the dredged sediments can be disposed of with the least possible ecological impact. The present study involves the evaluation of transport trends of dredged material from a turbid estuary disposed of in four different open ocean disposal sites using numerical model techniques, aiming to contribute to minimizing potential environmental impacts and maximizing efficiency of the dredging operation. The study is carried out in southern Brazil, investigating the fate of dredged material from the Port of Rio Grande, located inside the Patos Lagoon estuary. Simulations were carried with the TELEMAC-3D model coupled with the suspended sediment (SEDI-3D) module and incorporating results from the wave module (TOMAWAC) to evaluate the dispersion of the suspended sediment plume and its interaction with coastal currents. This modeling structure proved to be a valuable tool to study the hydrodynamics and sediment transport pathways in estuarine and coastal areas. Results indicate that the natural Patos Lagoon coastal plume was observed under the predominant ebb flows and NE winds, promoting fine sediment entrapment south of the mouth of the lagoon (in front of Cassino Beach). The dispersion plumes in the disposal sites responded to the wind intensity and direction and did not present any transport tendency towards Cassino Beach. Part of the dredged sediment disposed of in the proposed alternative sites located in deeper areas (Sites B and C) left the site and was transported parallel to the coast (SW–NE direction) according to the wind direction (NE–SW). The area where the disposal sites were located took around 4 days to recover from the dredging operation and reach the usual suspended sediment concentrations and the actual Port of Rio Grande Licensed Site for dredged material proved to be the best alternative among the investigated options.
Hubungan Tingkat Kepuasan Belajar Dengan Menggunakan Metode Daring Terhadap Prestasi Belajar Mahasiswa Akbid Pelamonia Kota Makassar Tahun 2020

Kepuasan mahasiswa adalah sikap positif mahasiswa terhadap pelayanan lembaga pendidikan tinggi karena adanya kesesuaian antara harapan dari pelayanan dibandingkan dengan kenyataan yang diterimanya.Tujuan dilakukannya penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan tingkat kepuasan belajar mahasiswa dengan menggunakan metode daring terhadap prestasi belajar mahasiswa Akbid Pelamonia Makassar tahun 2020. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian analitik dengan pendekatanCross Sectional Study dengan jumlah populasi sebanyak 154 orang dan jumlah sampel 114 orang dengan menggunakan teknik Accidental Sampling. Dari hasil uji statistic dengan menggunakan uji Chi-Square (Continuity Correction) diperoleh nilai ρ(0,001) <(0.05), sehingga Ha diterima dan Ho ditolak, penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa ada hubungan antara tingkat kepuasan belajar mahasiswa dengan menggunakan daring terhadap prestasi belajar mahasiswa. Sehingga diharapkan bagi institusi pendidikan perlunya peningkatan evaluasi hasil belajar mahasiswa melalui monitoring setiap akhir semester dan bagi peneliti diharapkan dapat melanjutkan penelitian ini dengan variable yang berbeda seperti variable motivasi belajar, metode pembelajaran yang lain, hubungannya dengan prestasi belajar.
L 1 Adaptive integrated guidance and control for flexible hypersonic flight vehicle in the presence of dynamic uncertainties

In this article, an integrated guidance and control design method for general nonlinear flexible hypersonic flight vehicles in the presence of dynamic uncertainties based on the L 1 adaptive state feedback control approach is presented. Initially, the 6-degree-of-freedom integrated guidance and autopilot dynamic model is organized using the combination of flexible uncertain hypersonic flight vehicle dynamic model and hypersonic flight vehicle-target relative motion model whereas aerodynamic and model uncertainties, cross-coupling effects, and disturbances are considered. The proposed integrated guidance and control method based on L 1 adaptive control scheme afterward is designed to realize control objectives including closed-loop stability, high-performance target interception, state regulation, uncertainties compensation, and reduction of the adverse flexibility effects on the overall performance. The whole Targets are proven thereupon based on the Lyapunov theory. Finally, the three-dimensional simulation results confirm the effectiveness of suggested integrated guidance and control law not only in closed-loop stability but also in high-performance target interception using the smooth control input.
Compassion and Workplace Incivility: Implications for Open Innovation

The purpose of this study was to examine mechanisms of how compassion experienced by employees affects workplace incivility. Specifically, this study aimed to explore the double mediation effect of positive emotion and leadership on the relationship between compassion and workplace incivility. Empirical results using survey data from 304 employees in South Korea confirm that employees who experience compassion at work are less likely to engage in workplace incivility. More importantly, positive emotions and positive leadership sequentially mediate the negative relationship between compassion and workplace incivility. The theoretical and practical implications are of this are also discussed.
Differentiation of fatty acid, aminno acid, and volatile composition in waxy and non-waxy proso millet

Proso millet (Panicum miliaceum L.) is one of the important crop in Northern China and also has nutritional and healthy function (Chandrasekara & Shahidi, 2011). With the improvement of people’s living and health level, proso millet attached more attention due to its nutritional benefits and medicinal value (Wadikar et al., 2006). The unique flavor of the proso millet is also one of the key reasons consumers like it. In addition, fatty acids and amino acids, the components of proso millet, have an important influence on the nutrition and falvor of proso millet. Therefore, the research about the fatty acids, amino acids, and volatile compositions in proso millet porridge is very important.
Bivariate analysis for the improvement of genetic evaluations with incomplete records in Charolais cattle

Objective: Estimate (co)variance components and genetic parameters of live weight traits and examine the effect of selection culling when using bivariate analysis in registered Charolais beef cattle. Materials and methods: The effect of incomplete data over accuracies was compared, expected progeny differences (EPD) and standard errors of prediction (SEP) were obtained and evaluated by comparing univariate and bivariate models for birth (BW), weaning (WW) and yearling (YW) weights. Results: Bivariate models for WW and YW, improved accuracies of EPDs and reduced the SEPs. Joint analysis for BW and WW increased in a 38% the accuracies and reduced SEP estimators for YW (p<0.001). Accuracies of EPD for BW obtained from univariate models were improved when BW was included in bivariate models. Conclusions: The results support the use of bivariate genetic analysis in limited or incomplete live weight indicators databases that were registered after birth, such as weaning and yearling weight.
Side channel attacks for architecture extraction of neural networks

Side channel attacks (SCAs) on neural networks (NNs) are particularly efficient for retrieving secret information from NNs. We differentiate multiple types of threat scenarios regarding what kind of information is available before the attack and its purpose: recovering hyperparameters (the architecture) of the targeted NN, its weights (parameters), or its inputs. In this survey article, we consider the most relevant attacks to extract the architecture of CNNs. We also categorize SCAs, depending on access with respect to the victim: physical, local, or remote. Attacks targeting the architecture via local SCAs are most common. As of today, physical access seems necessary to retrieve the weights of an NN. We notably describe cache attacks, which are local SCAs aiming to extract the NN's underlying architecture. Few countermeasures have emerged; these are presented at the end of the survey.
Evaluating the efficacy of environmental DNA (eDNA) to detect an endangered freshwater mussel Lasmigona decorata (Bivalvia:Unionidae)

Environmental DNA (eDNA) sampling is a powerful tool for monitoring aquatic organisms and has the potential to make significant contributions to the conservation of freshwater mussels. Conventional survey methods for mussels can be expensive and disruptive to habitat and may be ineffective for detecting cryptic and rare species. eDNA can provide a non-invasive and cost-efficient alternative, but its utility is highly dependent on environmental conditions and target taxa. In this study, we evaluated the efficacy of eDNA for detecting a federally endangered unionid mussel, the Carolina Heelsplitter (Lasmigona decorata [Lea, 1852]), in the Lynches River sub-basin of North and South Carolina, USA. We developed a quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) assay for the detection of L. decorata from stream water samples and applied our assay to water samples collected from 116 sites while using an internal positive control to monitor PCR inhibition in samples. We used logistic regression and model ranking criteria to assess the relationships between sample inhibition and environmental variables. Our assay validation successfully detected L. decorata in stream segments where the species was known to occur but detection was highly variable, and we failed to detect the species at any new locations within the study area. We observed extensive inhibition in our samples, and our model results indicated that pH was a strong predictor of whether samples would be inhibited. Our results highlight the importance of considering sample inhibition in eDNA surveys and suggest that current eDNA sampling methods may be ineffective for some extremely rare unionid taxa.
Intercalation of sulfate anions into a Zn–Al layered double hydroxide: their synthesis and application in Zn–Ni secondary batteries

ZnAl–SO4-LDH was prepared via an anion-exchange process using ZnAl–CO3-LDH as a precursor. Based on the analysis for the main characteristic peaks and intensity of the Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectra, CO32− was successfully replaced with SO42−. The powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns indicated that all the products were well-crystallized and the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images showed the clear layered structure of ZnAl–SO4-LDH. This means during the anion exchange process, the framework of LDH was not affected. The electrochemical performance of ZnAl–SO4-LDH was examined by galvanostatic cycling and cyclic voltammetry (CV) measurements, and the results demonstrate a novel active material ZnAl–SO4-LDH for nickel–zinc secondary batteries with remarkable properties, including higher electrochemical activity than ZnAl–CO3-LDH and desirable cycling stability over 200 cycles (retention rate 93.2%).
Las competencias digitales como vehículo de la cultura organizacional universitaria.

The constant digitalization of society and therefore of organizations has meant a redefinition of communication processes. These changes have eagerly penetrated the management of internal communication, causing the redefinition of the vehiculization of organizational culture. In a changing environment, the management of organizations means implementing new communication strategies that combine globalization and new technologies (Wichels, 2014). In this line, we have analyzed the value of the use of digital competencies as an element of translation of the organizational culture in the university environment. The study was carried out based on the case study method taking four public and private universities belonging to Spain and Mexico under the premise of convenience. They have been analyzed in the case of Spain: the University of Malaga and ESERP Business & Law School; and in Mexico the Autonomous University of Tamaulipas and the University of the Valley of Mexico. In order to contrast the penetration of organizational culture symmetrically in the public and private university model in the Latin American landscape. The study techniques used have been based on direct non-participant observation, application of internal public surveys (employees), conducting in-depth interviews with those responsible for communicative management and analysis of digital resources used in internal communication. As an advance of results you can see the application of two different models with clear continental influences. The instrumentalization of the organizational culture in the universities studied is focused differently depending on their public or private origin, being more effective in their penetration and therefore, in their identification in the case of private entities. The challenge of organizational culture in the university field lies in the need to increase identity value through a real and collective ideology that is lived and embodied in everyday management.