Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Computational screening of hydrophobic metal–organic frameworks for the separation of H2S and CO2 from natural gas

Natural gas is an environmentally friendly energy resource and it is of central importance to remove acid gases (e.g. H2S and CO2) from natural gas. In this study, we computationally screen 6013 metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) for the simultaneous separation of H2S and CO2 from natural gas under humid conditions (represented by a six-component CH4/C2H6/C3H8/H2S/CO2/H2O gas mixture). To minimize the competitive adsorption of H2O, 606 hydrophobic MOFs are first selected on the basis of the Henry constants of H2O and subsequently assessed for the adsorption capacity of H2S + CO2 (NH2S+CO2) and the selectivity of H2S + CO2 over C1–C3 (SH2S+CO2/C1–C3). Structure–performance relationships are established between MOF descriptors (the largest cavity diameter, surface area, void fraction and isosteric heat) and performance metrics (NH2S+CO2 and SH2S+CO2/C1–C3). Moreover, a new performance metric (TSN, the trade-off between NH2S+CO2 and SH2S+CO2/C1–C3) is proposed. From the Pearson correlation technique, it is revealed that the TSN has strong correlations with the MOF descriptors. Finally, the best MOFs are identified. Interestingly, most of the best MOFs contain N-rich organic linkers (e.g. pyridine and azoles), which are recommended for the design of functional MOFs for H2S and CO2 separation. The microscopic insights and guidelines provided by this computational study are useful toward the development of new MOFs for the efficient upgrading of natural gas.
The Impact of Swain’s Pushed Output Hypothesis on Enhancing Iranian EFL Learners’ Reading Comprehension

These days, English is viewed as a widespread language. It is the language all students attempt to learn and ace. Students who need to learn English must have the option to ace the four English aptitudes: Reading, speaking, reading and listening. The coordination of the four aptitudes is fundamental in the learning procedure. Learners should be powerful students through their support, collaboration and doing the push out assignments in the best possible manner. Reading aptitude, as one of the four English abilities, assumes a fundamental job in the obtaining of English as an unknown language. It is an essential ability for instructors and educators to guarantee that students procure sufficient vocabulary to have the option to peruse and appreciate any content great. Reading appreciation relies upon numerous segments, for example, vocabulary, language structure, attachment and lucidness of thoughts, articulation, spelling, and so forth. These parts are basic in language securing. In any case, there is a mind-boggling dynamic connection between readingcomprehension capacity and vocabulary size (Hu & Nation, 2000; Nasri, Namaziandost, & Akbari, 2019). "without vocabulary nothing can be passed on" Wilkins (1972) (pp. 111–112). Vocabulary is a key part to English language instructing in light of the fact that without those adequate vocabulary, our students can't express their very own thoughts and emotions. The deficiency in vocabulary for EL students will prompt an absence of correspondence among the speakers, which is a noteworthy issue in acing the language (Abedi, Keshmirshekan, &Namaziandost, 2019).
The Role of Outcome Unit Size in the Social Foraging Strategies of Rats

The distribution of foraging strategies and associated activities of Wistar rats was examined, with food outcomes presented in small vs. large units. Groups of 4 rats foraged for food in a 4 x 3 array of covered holes, some containing 4 g of food. For some groups, food consisted of shelled sunflower seeds (small units); for other groups, food consisted of 3 pellets of chow (large units). Foraging strategies were classified as either production (seeking patches with food) or scrounging (tracking conspecifics). Production strategies were more common among groups that foraged for pellets instead of seeds. Producing food was highly correlated with contacting gates covering holes, whereas scrounging for food was highly correlated with following others in the group. The prevalence of activities associated with each foraging strategy was highly correlated with the proportion of time spent consuming food obtained from each activity (i.e., produced vs. scrounged food). Taken together, these findings suggest that, similar to other species, the finder’s advantage (low with small units, high with large units) modulates social foraging strategies in rats. A simple outcome-strategy feedback mechanism appears to mediate this modulation.
Mechanical and thermal properties of starch films reinforced with microcellulose fibres

The use of starch as food packaging material has drawn increased attention due to its biodegradability, availability, and cost-effective. In order to improve the limitations of starch films in terms of mechanical and thermal resistance, the bio-composite concept was employed. In this work, microcellulose fibres (MCF) were incorporated into thermoplastic starch (TPS) films at various loading contents (1, 5, and 10 wt%). The MCF was prepared via NaOH/urea dissolution, followed by ultrasonication. The obtained MCF was characterized by FTIR and FESEM, and the size was in the range of 2 to 15 µm in diameter and 150 µm to hundreds of micrometres in length. The effect of the MCF addition on mechanical and thermal properties of starch films was investigated using universal testing machine and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), respectively. Due to similar polysaccharide structures and good interfacial interactions, the tensile strength (TS) and the elongation at break (EAB) of the films increased with the addition of MCF, but only at 1 wt% loading content. Meanwhile, there was no significant improvement in the degradation temperature of the composite films, due to the presence of hemicellulose compounds that interrupted the crystallinity of the MCF. The results indicated that the MCF has the potential to be utilized as reinforcement in bio-based polymers for food packaging applications.
Mothers' Knowledge and Attitude Regarding Neonatal Hyperbilirubinemia

Background: Hyperbilirubinemia is the most common problem in the newborn period that requiring hospitalization and medical attention. Approximately 60% of all newborns develop some degree of jaundice in the first week of life. Aim of the study: To assess mothers’ knowledge and attitude regarding neonatal hyperbilirubinemia. Research design: A descriptive exploratory research design was used to achieve the aim of this study. Sample: A convenient sample of 375 mothers admitted to postpartum unit at Minia University Hospital for Obstetrics and Pediatrics. Tool: Structured interview questionnaire were developed by the researchers that include Part I: Personal data of the mothers including age, place of residence, level of education, occupation . etc. Part II: assessment of mothers’ knowledge regarding neonatal hyperbilirubinemia. Part III: assessment of mothers’ attitude regarding hyperbilirubinemia by using five levels Likert scale. Results: the results of the current study revealed that more than half of mothers had unsatisfactory level of knowledge regarding hyperbilirubinemia and the vast majority of them had an agree attitude toward hyperbilirubinemia. There was a fair a correlation between occupation and educational level of mothers and their total knowledge scores. More than half of mothers with past history of babies with hyperbilirubinemia have a satisfactory knowledge and there was no statistically a significance difference between mothers who have previous experience with hyperbilirubinemia and their attitudes to hyperbilirubinemia. Conclusion: More than half of mothers have an unsatisfactory knowledge regarding hyperbilirubinemia and the most of mothers have an agree attitude regarding hyperbilirubinemia. Recommendation: further health education program should be conducted to increase awareness of mother to how to deal and manage their newborn with hyperbilirubinemia.
Effect of Lactobacillus acidophilus and Lactobacillus plantarum on the quality of yogurt

Siddiq HAM, Hamid OIA. 2017. Effect of Lactobacillus acidophilus and Lactobacillus plantarum on the quality of yoghurt. Bioteknologi 14: 25-31. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of adding different level of culture starter and storage period to conventional yoghurt culture. Eight liters of fresh cow milk were purchased from dairy farm, college of Animal Production Science and Technology. The milk was pasteurized at 90Â°C for 30 minutes then cooled to 45 Â°C. The pasteurized milk was divided into four equal portions. Four treatments were carried out. The first treatment was the control sample namely yoghurt which was from conventional yoghurt culture starter. In the second, third and fourth treatment, respectively, 50%, 75% and 100% of culture starter adjunct (Lactobacillus acidophilus and Lactobacillus plantarum) were added. The inoculated milk was incubated in all treatments at 43 Â°C for three hours. After complete coagulation, the yoghurt samples were cooled in refrigeration with temperature of 4Â°C. Chemical composition and sensory evaluation were carried out on the yoghurt samples in all treatments at intervals of 1, 5 and 10 days. The results indicated that significant variations (P 0.05) due to the culture starter adjunct addition. However, the storage period had significant difference (P 0.05) by the storage period except the texture and overall acceptability. The addition of starter cultures had significant variations on the color, flavor, texture, taste and overall acceptability. The results revealed that the treatments with 50% and 75% showed higher sensory scores than on others.
The unintended consequence of SO2 and NO2 regulations over China: increase of ammonia levels and impact on PM2.5 concentrations

Abstract. Air pollution reaching hazardous levels in many Chinese cities has been a major concern in China over the past decades. New policies have been applied to regulate anthropogenic pollutant emissions, leading to changes in atmospheric composition and in particulate matter (PM) production. Increasing levels of atmospheric ammonia columns have been observed by satellite during recent years. In particular, observations from the Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (IASI) reveal an increase of these columns by 15 % and 65 % from 2011 to 2013 and 2015, respectively, over eastern China. In this paper we performed model simulations for 2011, 2013 and 2015 in order to understand the origin of this increase and to quantify the link between ammonia and the inorganic components of particles: NH4(p)+/SO4(p)2-/NO3(p)-. Interannual change of meteorology can be excluded as a reason: year 2015 meteorology leads to enhanced sulfate production over eastern China, which increases the ammonium and decreases the ammonia content, which is contrary to satellite observations. Reductions in SO2 and NOx emissions from 2011 to 2015 of 37.5 % and 21 % respectively, as constrained from satellite data, lead to decreased inorganic matter (by 14 % for NH4(p)++SO4(p)2-+NO3(p)-). This in turn leads to increased gaseous NH3(g) tropospheric columns by as much as 24 % and 49 % (sampled corresponding to IASI data availability) from 2011 to 2013 and 2015 respectively and thus can explain most of the observed increase.
Effect of natural, accelerated and saturated salt accelerated aging on the Jatropha curcas L. seeds in optimizing the yield of seed oil as feedstock for biodiesel

ABSTRACT Uninterrupted and good quality of feedstock is a key factor for biodiesel. Jatropha curcas L. has emerged as a favorite unconventional source of fuel. This paper aims to map the changes in Jatropha curcas L. oil, extracted from seeds subjected to natural aging (NA), accelerated aging (AA) and saturated salt accelerated aging (SSAA) are two methods employed to mimic natural aging. The results depicted that prolonged and intense aging decreased the oil yield and caused deterioration of the oil with a high free fatty acids content, saponification value, peroxide value, and low iodine value. Decrease in oleic acid content is the result of lipid peroxidation due to prolonged storage. However, Jatropha curcas L. seeds subjected to natural aging even up to one year could still serve as the best feedstock because of its resistance towards deteriorative aging effects.
Optimisation of GaAsBi Based Semiconductors

GaAsBi has recently attracted much attention due to its large band gap reduction, a less temperature dependence of the band gap, and the giant spin orbiting properties. The large band gap reduction of GaAsBi is explained by valence band anti-crossing (VBAC) model. It has been proposed that a resonant energy state is introduced in the valence band, and the interaction between that state and the original valence states leads to a splitting of the valence band into two sub-bands and therefore a reduction of the band gap. Molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) has been implemented to grow GaAsBi layers. Two growth conditions should be satisfied to get bismuth incorporated into GaAs: the growth temperature should be low enough (usually lower than 400 °C), and the As:Ga atomic flux ratio should be near stoichiometry. Four parameters can affect the final bismuth incorporation: growth rate, As:Ga atomic flux ratio, Bi:Ga atomic flux ratio, and growth temperature. The relationships have been investigated in the previous research, and also explored in this thesis. Absorption properties are the key properties of an optoelectronic device. Through measuring the photoresponse of GaAsBi based p-i-n heterojunction devices, the absorption coefficient as a function of the incident light energy is obtained. The results reveal that the absorption coefficient follows the square law of the Tauc relation, which indicates that the material is a direct band gap material. The diffusion length is a combination of the lifetime and the mobility of carriers, and it is the diffusion length that directly reflects the performance of carrier transportation. Especially in a device which requires high absorption of photons such as a solar cell, a long diffusion length becomes even more important. In this thesis, a model has been established to calculate the diffusion length of GaAsBi based on the photocurrent measurements, and results show that the diffusion length is around 1 μm. Photoluminescence (PL) measurements are used to decide the bismuth content based on the relation between the bismuth content and the band gap obtained from VBAC. Temperature dependence of the band gap of GaAsBi is also investigated using PL measurements. The s-shape of the PL peak position against the temperature reveals the existence of localized states. The source of localized states is claimed to be from bismuth clusters in some papers. Low temperature behaviours of GaAsBi have further been investigated using low temperature current-voltage measurements. It seems that the results also reflected the existence of localized states. For low noise avalanche photodiodes (APDs), it is important that the electron-initiated and hole-initiated impact ionization coefficients α and β are very different in magnitude. Photo-multiplication measurements were taken in this thesis to investigate the impact ionization property of GaAsBi p-i-n and n-i-p diodes. A relatively large ionization coefficient ratio α/β for GaAsBi heterojunctions was obtained, which shows a promising use of GaAsBi as low-noise electron-initiated APDs.
Effects of different combustible municipal solid waste components without/with additives on co-pyrolysis

ABSTRACT This article studies co-pyrolysis of combustible municipal solid waste (MSW) without/with additives (CaO, CuCl2, zeolite powder, and MnO2). Co-pyrolysis of different MSW components mixing and adding additives in co-pyrolysis could change yield of oil, high heating value (HHV), and products distribution. The yield of oil increases noticeably, but HHV decreases with ratio (sawdust: paper) increasing. Moreover, the yield of phenols increases. After adding fabric, the yield of acids and alcohols increases and that of aldehyde decreases. The yield of oil decreases after adding CaO and MnO2, and HHV of co-pyrolysis increases after adding CaO, zeolite powder, and MnO2. Adding MnO2 has the most impact on the decrease of aldehyde, and adding CuCl2 has the biggest effect on phenol reducing. The yield of ketone is affected most greatly by adding CaO.
Atmospheric oxidation capacity in Chinese megacities during
photochemical polluted season: radical budget and secondary pollutants
formation

Abstract. Atmospheric oxidation capacity is the core of converting fresh-emitted substances to secondary pollutants. In this study, we present the in-situ measurements at four Chinese megacities (Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, and Chongqing) in China during photochemical polluted seasons. The atmospheric oxidation capacity is evaluated using an observational-based model with the input of radical chemistry precursor measurements. The radical budget analysis illustrates the importance of HONO and HCHO photolysis, which contribute nearly half of the total radical primary sources. The radical propagation is efficient due to abundant of NO in the urban environments. Hence, the production rate of secondary pollutants, i.e. ozone and fine particle precursors (H2SO4, HNO3, and ELVOCs) is fast resulting in secondary air pollution. The ozone budget demonstrates that strong ozone production occurs in the urban area which results in fast ozone concentration increase locally and further transported to downwind areas. On the other hand, the O3-NOx-VOC sensitivity tests show that ozone production is VOC-limited, among which alkenes and aromatics should be first mitigated for ozone pollution control in the presented four megacities. However, NOx emission control will lead to more server ozone pollution due to the drawback-effect of NOx reduction. For fine particle pollution, the role of HNO3−NO3− partitioning system is investigated with a thermal dynamic model (ISORROPIA2) due to the importance of particulate nitrate during photochemical polluted seasons. The strong nitrate acid production converts efficiently to nitrate particles due to high RH and ammonium-rich conditions during photochemical polluted seasons. This study highlights the efficient radical chemistry maintains the atmospheric oxidation capacity in Chinese megacities, which results in secondary pollutions characterized by ozone and fine particles.
Visual experimental investigations of string cavitation and residual bubbles in the diesel nozzle and effects on initial spray structures

In this article, optical experiments on string cavitation and residual bubbles inside the real-size transparent tapered diesel nozzle and near-nozzle spray structures were performed based on a high-pressure common rail fuel injection system with a high-speed camera. The tapered nozzle which has high flow efficiency with weak or even no geometric cavitation has been widely used in commercial injectors, while there still exists string cavitation which may also influence the in-nozzle flow and subsequent spray. This article put focus on the tapered nozzle and the result indicated that the in-nozzle string cavitation provided a reasonable explanation for the two bumps of spray cone angles during the opening and closing stages of needle of real diesel engine injection processes. The suction and compression of air bubbles at the start and end stages of injection processes, and the various shot-to-shot near-nozzle spray patterns were captured and analyzed. These different near-nozzle spray patterns were attributed to the distribution of residual bubbles inside the nozzle orifice. The residual bubbles were survived from the last injection or sucked into the nozzle during needle opening stages. Stagnant bubbles were compressed and then accelerated the residual fuel which was close to the injector tip, leading to the formation of mushrooms. This study confirmed that the initial mushroom and the tail were generated by the interactions between the residual/sucked bubbles and the residual/initial fuel, and the leading mushroom was incurred by the combination of the transverse expansion of the jet and the laminar layer theory. This work pointed out and analyzed the new sources of the cycle-to-cycle variation of air/fuel mixture and spray.
Increasing the shelf life of pikeperch (Sander lucioperca) fillets affected by low-density polyethylene/Ag/TiO2 nanocomposites experimentally produced by sol-gel and melt-mixing methods

ABSTRACT Sol-gel and melt-mixing processes, which are used for the synthesis of low-density polyethylene/silver/titanium dioxide nanocomposites, can inactivate pathogens. In the sol-gel method, the nanocomposites were used to treat four selected microorganisms using the disk-diffusion method. In the melt-mixing method, fish coverage films were used to examine the shelf life of fish. TiO2 along with different concentrations of Ag (0%, 1%, 3%, and 5%) generated the nanocomposites. The maximum inhibition zone diameters (mm) for Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Candida albicans, and Aspergillus niger in 3% Ag were measured. It was concluded that applying the LDPE/Ag/TiO2 nanocomposites produced could be beneficial for inactivation of pathogens.
Simultaneous measurement of refractive index and temperature based on a long period fiber grating inscribed in a photonic crystal fiber with an electric-arc discharge

Abstract A novel fiber sensor composed by two single mode fibers and long period fiber grating based on a photonic crystal fiber prepared by periodic discharge heating has been experimentally investigated to measure refractive index and temperature. A Mach-Zehnder interferometer was formed due to the presence of two fusion spliced collapsed regions in the photonic crystal fiber. The resonance dip and interference pattern were differently influenced by the ambient disturbance, so the dual-parameters were simultaneously measured by analyzing the characteristics of transmission spectrum. After the experimental measurements, refractive index and temperature sensitivities of 117.28 nm/RIU and −86.29 pm/°C were realized. Therefore, the reported sensor with advantages of easy fabrication, simple structure, and small size has the potential for simultaneous refractive index and temperature measurements involving biochemical sensing applications.
The trouble with stress: A flexible method for the evaluation of nonmetric multidimensional scaling

Nonmetric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) is a powerful statistical tool which enables complex multivariate data sets to be visualized in a reduced number of dimensions. Users typically evaluate the fit of an NMDS ordination via ordination “stress” (i.e., data distortion) against a commonly accepted set of heuristic guidelines. However, these guidelines do not account for the mathematical relationship which links ordination stress to sample size. Consequently, researchers working with large data sets may unnecessarily present ordinations in an intractable number of dimensions, subdivide their data, or forego the use of NMDS entirely and lose the benefits of this highly flexible and useful technique. In order to overcome the limitations of these practices, we advocate for an alternative approach to the evaluation of NMDS ordination fit via the usage of permutation‐based ecological null models. We present the rationale for this approach from a theoretical basis, supported by a brief literature review, and an example usage of the methodology. Our literature review shows that NMDS analyses often far exceed the number of observations under which the original stress guidelines were formulated—with a significant increasing trend in recent decades. Adoption of a permutation‐based approach will consequently provide a more flexible and quantitative evaluation of NMDS fit and allow for the continued application of NMDS in an era of increasingly large datasets.