Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Massively Parallel, Highly Efficient, but What About the Test Suite Quality? Applying Mutation Testing to GPU Programs

Thanks to rapid advances in programmability and performance, GPUs have been widely applied in High Performance Computing (HPC) and safety-critical domains. As such, quality assurance of GPU applications has gained increasing attention. This brings us to mutation testing, a fault-based testing technique that assesses the test suite quality by systematically introducing small artificial faults. It has been shown to perform well in exposing faults. In this paper, we investigate whether GPU programming can benefit from mutation testing. In addition to conventional mutation operators, we propose nine GPU-specific mutation operators based on the core syntax differences between CPU and GPU programming. We conduct a preliminary study on six CUDA systems. The results show that mutation testing can effectively evaluate the test quality of GPU programs: conventional mutation operators can guide the engineers to write simple direct tests, while GPU-specific mutation operators can lead to more intricate test cases which are better at revealing GPU-specific weaknesses.
Assessing pig welfare at stunning in Swedish commercial abattoirs using CO 2 group-stun methods

While regular monitoring of stun quality in abattoirs is now required by EU law, guidelines specific to species and stun method have not been adequately developed. Carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) gas stunning of pigs in groups is widely used because of efficiency and reduced pre-slaughter stress. However, some pigs may recover from the stun process if it is not correctly managed. In light of these concerns, this study aimed to develop and implement a standardised assessment for stun quality for use in commercial pig abattoirs. Eight abattoirs and 9,520 slaughter pigs were assessed for stun group size, stick time and stun quality. The stun system, CO 2 concentrations and exposure times were also investigated. A stun-quality protocol (SQP) identified and risk-rated symptoms signifying recovery of consciousness. In abattoirs using paternoster stun-boxes, pigs consistently showed no stun-quality problems despite 65% with stick times between 70 and 100 s. Stun-quality problems were detected in 1.7 to 3.3% of pigs in abattoirs using dip-lift stun-boxes and 75% of stick times were below 60 s. In 36 of 38 cases of inadequately stunned pigs, a combination of symptoms from the SQP was seen. Regular gasping preceded other symptoms in 31 cases and was a valid indicator of inadequate stunning. In response to the stun-quality assessments, two abattoirs serviced the stun machines (increasing CO 2 concentrations and exposure times). All pigs were adequately stunned in follow-up studies. Implementation of stun-quality assessments, such as developed in this study, can assure monitoring of animal welfare at slaughter, beneficial not only to the industry and relevant authorities but also the concerned consumer.
Fractional Cointegration and EMU Government Bond Market Integration

It is commonly found that the markets for long-term government bonds of EMU countries were highly integrated prior to the subprime mortgage and EMU debt crisis. In contrast to this, we show that there were periods of integration and disintegration that coincide with bulland bear-market periods in the stock market. This finding is based on the interrelation between market integration and fractional cointegration in the context of the common currency area and confirmed by a wide array of suitable semiparametric tests. A simple econometric argument about the spectral behavior of long-memory time series leads to the conclusion that there is a stronger differentiation between bonds with different default risks during periods of disintegration, so that the dynamics of the yields implied the possibility of macroeconomic and fiscal divergence between the EMU countries long before the crisis periods. JEL-Numbers: C32, C14, C58, E43
Fraud Recovery and Country Governance: Evidence from Operational Losses of U.S. Bank Holding Companies

Using regulatory data from large financial institutions on their operational losses related to fraud in foreign markets, we find large differences in recovery rates across countries. In particular, we find that losses in countries with poor governance have lower recovery rates than losses in countries with good governance. Such results are driven by dimensions such as control of corruption, rule of law, regulatory quality and government effectiveness as opposed to other dimensions such as political stability, and voice and accountability. In addition, we document important interaction effects between country governance and bank risk management quality suggesting strong governance effects on fraud recovery for institutions with poor risk management. This paper presents unique evidence that ties in international market characteristics with operational risk beyond what has been documented in prior literature.
A NEW SPECIES OF THE LATE TRIASSIC PHYTOSAUR PSEUDOPALATUS ( ARCHOSAURIA : PSEUDOSUCHIA ) FROM PETRIFIED FOREST NATIONAL PARK , ARIZONA

We describe a partial phytosaur skull (PEFO 31207) from the Sonsela Member of the Upper Triassic Chinle Formation of Petrified Forest National Park, Arizona as a new species of Pseudopalatus, P. jablonskiae sp. nov. Although the holotype specimen is incomplete, the new taxon is diagnosed by at least one autapomorphy and a unique suite of character-states. A phylogenetic analysis of pseudopalatine phytosaurs recovers P. jablonskiae as the most basal species of Pseudopalatus. The holotype of P. jablonskiae is especially important because it includes a well-preserved braincase; this portion of the skull is not preserved or described in detail for most phytosaur specimens. Additionally, P. jablonskiae is of biochronological significance because it is the stratigraphically lowest occurrence of Pseudopalatus within the Chinle Formation of Petrified Forest National Park, and provides strong evidence for the overlap of the Adamanian and Revueltian land-vertebrate faunachrons.
The Impact of Government’s Foreign Debt on Fiscal Sustainability of Indonesia

The aim of the research is to analyze the impact of government’s foreign debt on fiscal sustainability (FS) of Indonesia in 1979-2016. The model used in this research is a simultaneous equation model with the method of two stage least square. The simultaneous equation model regression results indicate that government foreign debt, FS which derives from the reduced-form equation and primary balance has a significant impact on the growth of economy in Indonesia positively. Government foreign debt lag and interest rate of Central Bank of Indonesia have a negative impact and it is significant toward the FS of Indonesia. However, the economic growth which comes from reduced form affect positively and have a significant impact on the FS of Indonesia.
Correlation between cortical bone thickness and implant stability

Material and methods: A total of 12 implants were placed in 8 patients at the posterior mandible sites. The crestal cortical bone thickness, buccolingual bone thickness at 5 mm below the alveolar crest, and bone quality of implant recipient sites were preoperatively recorded using CBCT. RFA measurement (ISQ value) was immediately taken using an Osstell ISQ, after implant placement. The correlation between crestal cortical bone thickness and primary implant stability and correlation between buccolingual bone thickness and primary stability were tested with Pearson's correlation at P value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Response of some potato ( Solanum tuberosum L . ) cultivars to different salinity levels of irrigation water under sandy soil

Two field experiments were carried out at the Farm of Environmental Studies and Research Institute, Sadat City University, during two successive summer seasons of 2014 and 2015, to evaluate the effect of salinity water stress as four levels of salt (NaCl) i.e., fresh water, 20, 40, and 80 mMol. NaCl)) on vegetative growth characteristics, yield and its components and quality as well as the chemical composition of some potato tubers cultivars (Spunta, Desiree, Red Sun, Sophie, and Safari). Both cvs Red Sun and Spunta were significantly increased in the vegetative growth, while cv. Red Sun was significantly increased in yield and its components, while cv. Sophie recorded the lowest values of yield and its components and the highest value of dry matter content. Salinity stress significantly decreased both plant height and the fresh weight of plant, while number of branches/plant was not significantly affected between salinity levels, yield and its components, as average tuber weight, tuber yield per plant, tubers yield per fed. , and chemical composition of tubers were affected especially at 80 mM compared with the control and 20mM NaCl, In addition, the results show that, the interaction between the cvs Spunta and Desiree with the control of salinity gave the highest values of vegetative growth characteristics, while cv. Red sun with the control treatment fresh water gave the highest yield, and its components, while, low vegetative growth and yield were recorded with cv. Sophie with the highest level of salinity. Chemical composition of tubers, cvs and salinity levels are not significant, except Ca% was significantly affected with second level of salinity.
Interaction of Sea Surface Temperature and Precipitation during Indian Ocean Dipole years in the Bay of Bengal

Satellite data of Sea Surface Temperature (SST) and Precipitation from the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) were analyzed to investigate the interactions between them in Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) years in the Bay of Bengal (BoB), located at 5° N 25° N and 80° E-100° E region. In an agricultural country like Bangladesh, the success or failure of sufficient rainfall and its effects on agricultural production and water scarcity on regional basis are always of great concern. Even, a small fluctuation in the seasonal rainfall can have devastating impacts on agricultural sector. Understanding of these variability's especially the extreme droughts and floods are of great importance because the country’s economy has bounded with the availability of monsoon rainfall. The SST has shown a significant relation with precipitation but there was some time lag. However, IOD did not show much regular influences on precipitation pattern. The investigation also reveals that SST was not the main parameter to occur the precipitation variation in the Bay. There may exist some other factors such as oceanic heat content, incoming solar radiation, wind etc, which might influence the seasonal/annual precipitaion. Future study may reveal the other factors that control the precipitation pattern in the Bay including the whole Bangladesh land.
Investing in Early Childhood Development in African Countries

Advanced knowledge about the importance of early childhood development (ECD) has heightened the interest in appropriate models of quality ECD, especially in low-income communities. ECD provides a strong foundation for entering school with the social, emotional, and pre-academic skills needed for learning. This brief explores some of the policy options, models and their implications for countries investing in quality early childhood education.
Gears specific Catch Per Unit Effort (CPUE) with special reference to declining causes of ichthyofauna in the Kajal River of Southern Bangladesh

The Kajal River is a coastal water body, having vast aquatic biota which situated at Rangabali upazila under Southern district of Patuakhali in Bangladesh. Different types of fishing gears have been operated in the river to capture aquatic resources especially fishes which were investigated by employing participatory rural appraisal (PRA) such as focus groups (FGD), key informant interviews (KIA) with fisher’s community fishing in the river for a period of 8 months from March 2015 to October 2015. A total of fifteen (15) fishing gears under seven (7) major groups of net were identified. Estimated CPUE of various gears was found highest (5-8 kg) for Current jal and lowest (0.01-.06 kg) for Moia jal. In total, forty three (43) species were recorded belongs to eleven (11) orders, twenty four (24) families and thirty four (34) genera in the catches of different gears. Among the 43 species, 20, 13, 4 and 6 were to be found as available, less available, rare and very rare, respectively. A total of seven (7) vulnerable, two (2) endangered and two (2) critically endangered species were obtained out of 43 species. But these numbers are increasing day by day due to both natural and manmade causes. Therefore, necessary measures should be taken to conserve the species from near extinction.
Running head: STORAGE AND PROCESSING IN WM 1 Storage and processing in working memory: Assessing dual task performance and task prioritization across the adult lifespan

There is a theoretical disagreement in the working memory literature, with some proposing that the storage and processing of information rely on distinct parts of the cognitive system and others who posit that they rely, to some extent, on a shared attentional capacity. This debate is mirrored in the literature on working memory and aging, where there have been mixed findings on the ability of older adults to perform simultaneous storage and processing tasks. We assess the overlap between storage and processing and how this changes with age using a procedure in which both tasks have been carefully adjusted to produce comparable levels of single-task performance across a sample (N = 164) of participants aged 18–81. By manipulating incentives to perform one task over the other, this procedure was also capable of disentangling concurrence costs (singleversus dual-task performance) from prioritization costs (relative payoffs for storage versus processing performance) in a theoretically meaningful manner. The study revealed a large general cost to serial letter recall performance associated with concurrent performance of an arithmetic verification processing task, a concurrence cost that increased with age. For the processing task, there was no such general concurrence cost. Rather, there was a prioritization effect in dual-task performance for both tasks, irrespective of age, in which performance levels depended on the relative emphasis assigned to memory versus processing. This prioritization effect was large, albeit with a large residual in performance. The findings place important constraints on both working memory theory and our understanding of how working memory changes across the adult lifespan. (257 words)
A Brief Historical Tour of Glacier Ice on Earth and its Role in Climate Dynamics

This paper provides short excerpts of the beginnings of glacier ice research. It is restricted to the period from the beginnings in the 17th century up to the formulation of a flow law in the fifties of the forgoing century. Its role in climate research is not touched; it will be discussed in another publication.
CENTRE FOR ECONOMETRIC ANALYSIS CEA@Cass

Two estimated new-Keynesian DSGE models are employed in turn to generate arti cial data in a MonteCarlo exercise in which the e¤ects of a monetary policy shock on ination and output are computed via Cholesky-VARs. Compelling empirical evidence pointing to those responses being substantially distorted is provided. The wrongly assumed policy delays consistent with the Cholesky-identi cation scheme are responsible for this result. Our MonteCarlo Cholesky-VAR impulse responses are shown to replicate to a large extent those obtained with actual U.S. data as for the great moderation phase. This result offers a novel interpretation for the mild-to-muted reactions of ination and output in the post-Volcker era. JEL classi cation: C22, E47, E52. Keywords: Monetary policy shocks, Cholesky identi cation, VARs, Dynamic Stochastic General Equilibrium models, MonteCarlo simulations. We thank Michal Andrle, Guido Ascari, Fabio Canova, Chuck Carlstrom, Martin Eichenbaum, Martin Ellison, Luca Fanelli, Massimo Franchi, Eric Leeper, Salvatore Nisticò, Matthias Paustian, Harald Uhlig, and participants at the 10th Econometric Society World Congress (Shanghai), the 5th BOMOPA Economics Meetings (Padua), the 6th Dynare Conference (Helsinki), and seminars held at the National Bank of Slovakia, the Universities of Oxford, Milan, Milano Bicocca, Milano Cattolica, Rome La Sapienza, Namur, Bologna, and Verona for comments and suggestions. Part of this paper was written while visiting the Department of Economics of the University of Oxford, whose hospitality is gratefully acknowledged. All remaining errors are ours. Paper previously circulated with the title "Monetary Policy Shocks, Cholesky Identi cation and DSGE Models: An Empirical Investigation for the U.S.". Authors details: Efrem Castelnuovo, Department of Economics, University of Padova, Via del Santo 33, I-35123 Padova (PD). E-mail: efrem.castelnuovo@unipd.it. Phone: +39 049 8274257. Fax: +39 049 8274211.
Insights from Pre-and Post-Experimental Surveys in a Redistribution Game Experiment

Subjects’ responses in preand post-experimental questionnaires are utilized to elucidate their behaviour in an asymmetric Prisoner’s Dilemma redistribution game with no communication between players. We find experimental subjects to be predominantly negative in their assessment of intentions behind their partners’ decisions while describing their own motivations as rationally self-interested, reciprocal, and efficiencyoriented. Thus, in the absence of communication, negative intent attribution may be one of the crucial reasons behind failure to establish lasting cooperation, even in situations where both players are well aware of its benefits and the behaviour necessary to achieve it. We also find some evidence that, on average, players conscious of Pareto-optimizing potential brought about by mutual adoption of Tit-for-Tat strategies make more friendly decisions in the game. Lastly, we consider the study’s ecological validity in the light of subjects’ post-experimental statements.
LLEBIEIE:i!IIItlliitl •:}i=i5tsJfiJl IIE

The egg ofXenopus laevis contains both retinal (R2daLl) and 3-didehydroretinal (RAL2). The sum of the two retinals and the ratio of the RALI to RAL2 in one egg were not so diverse among the eggs in a brood, but the values between different broods varied in the ranges 40-60 pmoVegg and O.67-1.35, respectively. Both retinals in the egg homogenate were precipitated in 20 mM Tris-HCI buffer, redissolved in NaCl solution at concentrations above 400 mM, and precipitated at 50-650/o saturation with ammonium sulfate. The proteins containing retinals corresponded to lipovitellin (LV) on SDS-PAGE. The LV was chromatographed by gel fi1tration in the presence of SDS into two components, LVI and LV2, and retinals bound covalently to the binding site by the treatment with sodium borohydride (NaBH4) were cochromatographed wnh LVI . The protein with retinals was converted to a fluorescent product by the NaBH4 treatment, following which both retinals could no longer be extracted with organic solvents. The fluorescence was observed even after delipidation ofthe NaBH4 -treated LV. These results indicate that the retinals are bound to the protein moiety ofLVI via a Shiffbase linkage. The molar ratio ofLV1 to one molecule ofRALIor RAL2 was in the range of 12-23. We discuss evidence that the retinals are bound to the lipovitellin precursor, vitellogenin, prior to the uptake of the vitellogenin into the oocyte.
Why Obstetric Patients are admitted to Intensive Care Unit? A Retrospective Study

Pregnant women are often young and in their reproductive years. In majority of them, pregnancy and labor usually progresses uneventfully. Sudden complications occurring during this period may lead to maternal mortality. Though obstetric admission forms a small proportion of ICU admission, mortality among them is high. Proper antenatal care is still the mainstay of preventing complications in pregnant woman. This study was conducted to evaluate the obstetric admission to intensive care unit and causes and outcome of them. Two years retrospective review of all the obstetric admissions (Antenatal and postnatal up to 6 weeks post delivery) were done. Total number of patients admitted to ICU in this period, total number of deliveries in study period and total obstetric patients admitted to ICU were noted. The data included demographic details, obstetric history, indications for ICU admission, pre-existing medical illness and pregnancy complications necessitating ICU admissions. Total obstetric patients admitted to ICU were 1.04% of all deliveries. 48.53% women had pre-existing medical illness. 87.24% were antenatal and 12.67% were postnatal patients. 70.21% women had obstetric/medical illnesses during pregnancy which ICU admissions. Maternal mortality was observed in 31.91%. There was.changing trend in causes of maternal mortality, i.e. tropical diseases like dengue and malaria are found to be the cause of mortality in developing countries like India. Thus, there is need of obstetric high dependency unit (OHDU) at every center.
TGIF: Trade, Growth, and the Industrial Framework

We study Ricardian trade and economic growth in a framework that avoids counterfactual market-size effects and delivers several new results, some contradicting the previous literature. The channel through which trade affects growth is restricted by construction to comparative advantage. Trade, growth, and the economy’s industrial structure interact, each affecting the other two. Trade affects capital exporting and importing countries differently, temporarily but not permanently raising the growth rate of the former and permanently raising the growth rate of the latter. Trade induces shut-down of some industries and an international reallocation of R&D activity. The model can explain the patterns of capital production and R&D activity that we see in the data. Trade leads to “effective technology equalization,” with the capital-importing economy behaving as if it adopts its trading partner’s technology even though no technology transfer actually occurs. It thus offers a new interpretation of data that supposedly shows technology transfer. Trade induces partial and possibly complete factor price equalization despite being Ricardian with permanently different technologies across countries. The model delivers closed-form solutions for steady states and transition dynamics, allowing sharp results on trade’s welfare effects. Trade unambiguously raises the social welfare of capital-exporting countries and has an ambiguous effect on the welfare of capital-importing countries. The change in either country’s welfare can be very large.