Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
DOES MULTIFACTOR PRICING MODEL AN ALTERNATIVE APPROACH TO CAPITAL ASSET PRICING MODEL: EVIDENCE FROM INDIAN INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY SECTOR

The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of significant variables among the alternative measures of risk other than beta and establishes a framework in search for an efficient alternative to the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM). In this study the conditional relationship between the variables was testing by using Fama French Model by extending the previous developments on the improvement of CAPM through the combined univariate and multivariate regression techniques and broadens the scope by testing additional financial factors as proxies for measuring risk. The study used monthly dataset for the period from 1 st March 2006 to 31 st March 2011 for selected Information Technology Industry by considering market capitalization as the bench mark indicator. The methodology developed as part of the study explains return as a function of financial variables including the price to earnings per share ratio, price to book ratio, dividend yield, firm size and beta by retrieving the data from CMIE Prowess database and www.bseindia. com. Our results of the study indicate that Beta is not the only variable which helps in predicting the return, there are other variables also kept into consideration. Overall, the exogenous variable and sentimental behavior of the investors played a crucial role and dominating Indian Information Technology Industry into the panic side.
Seed coat diversity in some tribes of Cucurbitaceae: implications for taxonomy and species identification

Abstract: To evaluate their diagnostic value in systematic studies, seed coat morphology for 16 taxa from 11 genera of Cucurbitaceae were examined using stereomicroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The taxa included representatives of the tribes Benincaseae, Bryonieae, Coniandreae, and Luffeae in order to evaluate their diagnostic value in systematic studies. Macro- and micromorphological characters of their seeds are presented, including shape, color, size, surface, epidermal cell shape, anticlinal boundaries, and periclinal cell wall. The taxonomic and phylo-genetic implications of seed coat micromorphology were compared with those of the available gross morphological and molecular data. Seed character analysis offered useful data for evaluating the taxonomy of Cucurbitaceae on both intrageneric and tribal levels. Monophyly of the tribes Bryonieae, Coniandreae, and Luffeae was supported. Moreover, these analyses supported previous biochemical an d phylogenetic data, indicating that distinct lineages are present within the tribe Benincaseae, that this tribe is not monophyletic, and that the subtribe Benincasinae is highly polyphyletic. A key is provided for identifying the investigated taxa based on seed characters.
INFLUENCE OF FLUCTUATING PHOSPHATE SUPPLY ON THE REGULATION OF PHOSPHATE UPTAKE BY THE BLUE‐GREEN ALGA ANACYSTZS NIDULANS1

The blue‐green alga Anacystis nidulans Drouet (Synechococcus leopoliensis Raciborski) cultivated under phosphate‐limited conditions adopts a threshold value in the nanomolar range below which uptake ceases. In this study, we investigated the influence of phosphate pulses on the regulation of uptake behavior during reestablishment of the threshold value. Short‐term pulses had only a slight effect on uptake kinetics and, hence, on the threshold value, even if the population had been exposed several times to elevated concentrations above the steady‐state level in the growth medium. The threshold value was also practically insensitive to the amount of phosphate stored during these short‐term fluctuations. Long‐term phosphate pulses resulted in a transition to a metastable state that was characterized by a severalfold higher threshold value. This transition, apparently an adaptation to the transiently elevated phosphate concentrations, was further studied by following the influx of 32P‐phosphate at constant external concentrations and was shown to be complete after a period of 10–20 min. After adaptation to pulses, the uptake behavior followed a linear flow‐force relation over a wide range of external concentrations. This behavior was explained by the simultaneous operation of at least two uptake systems with different, but coordinated kinetic parameters. This linear flow‐force relation facilitated a direct determination of the threshold value from uptake measurements. For applicability in the field the force‐flow relation can be a diagnostic tool to assay for fluctuating phosphate and to establish threshold values below the normal measurable range.
Complex edge effects on soil moisture and microclimate in central Amazonian forest

ABSTRACT We investigated the influence of a four-year-old forest edge near Manaus, Brazil, on soil moisture and vertical profiles of air vapour pressure deficit (VPD) within the forest. Soil moisture was measured (with a neutron probe) 0, 5, 10, 20, 40, 60, 80, 100, 150 and 200 m into the forest from the edge, in undisturbed control areas, and in the pasture. Control soil moisture was better explained by rainfall in the previous 2 or 10 days than by longer-term totals. Soil water potentials ≤ – 1.5 MPa occurred at some forest locations during the driest period. The variation in soil moisture with distance from the forest edge was complex, with higher values just inside the edge and depleted zones at the edge and 40–80 m inside it. At a given height, VPD (standardized relative to measurements in the open) was not related to distance from the edge, but VPD increased more with height near the edge than in control areas. The complexity of the edge's influence and the contrast with earlier data from the same edge can be explained by the changing vegetation structure near the edge. Regrowth ‘seals’ the edge with more leaves that transpire and deplete soil moisture, while protecting the understorey just inside the edge from desiccating conditions. A mosaic of gaps of differing ages develops behind the edge, increasing the variation in microclimatic conditions near the ground and consequently in evapotranspiration and soil moisture.
Differentiating Instruction by way of Ability Grouping and Integrating Appropriate Reading Skills and Strategies with Struggling 2nd Grade Readers to Improve Comprehension and Fluency

The purpose of this study was to determine whether differentiating instruction by way of ability grouping and integrating appropriate reading skills and strategies with struggling 2 nd grade readers would improve their comprehension and fluency. Four 2 nd grade students that were considered to have low reading abilities as determined by a phonological awareness screening test, oral reading assessment, and observation participated in the study. This individualized leveled reading group met with the researcher approximately 20 minutes daily, four times a week, for the duration of 6 weeks. The focus during this small group meeting concentrated on decoding, fluency, and comprehension. The results suggested that overall; participant’s demonstrated growth in comprehension, fluency, and phonics skills over the course of the intervention. Improving Reading Comprehension and Fluency 5 Table of
INSECTICIDE RESISTANCE IN HELIOTHIS ARMIGERA (HÜBNER) (LEPIDOPTERA: NOCTUIDAE) IN THE NAMOI VALLEY OF NEW SOUTH WALES, AUSTRALIA

Heliothis armigera damaged cotton in the Namoi Valley in summer‐autumn 1973. In laboratory studies larvae exhibited several hundredfold resistance to DDT, 15‐fold to DDT/chlorcam (1:2) mixture and 30‐fold to endrin compared with a susceptible strain from Bathurst. The Namoi Valley larvae were found to be 5 times less susceptible than Bathurst larvae to parathion methyl, a difference which may be no more than normal variation between non‐resistant strains. No resistance to insecticides was demonstrated in H. punctigera Wallengren from the Namoi Valley.
Ionic Conductivity of Na-doped SrSiO3

The conductivity of a newly proposed ionic conductor Na-doped SrSiO3 was studied. Powders were prepared by mixing of SrCO3, Na2CO3 and SiO2 in water or ethanol in order to explore the effect of solvents on the formation of secondary phases. X-ray diffraction was employed to study the phase composition of mixtures treated in air at different temperatures in the range 950-1050 C for 20 hours. Various heating schemes were applied to help the incorporation of Na in the monoclinic SrSiO3 structure. Pressed pellets were sintered at 1000 °C for 20 hours and electroded with Ag paste for electrochemical characterization by impedance spectroscopy. For most compositions and thermal treatments, the formation of the insulating Na2Si2O5 phase was observed as a matrix around grains of the monoclinic SrSiO3 phase. Double calcination limited conductivity but increased its thermal stability. When ethanol was used for powder mixing, the material exhibited higher conductivity after long term ageing at 650 °C, also thanks to its low activation energy, without appreciable crystallization of other silicates
An Activity-centered Comparison on Human Activity Recognition

Human Activity Recognition (HAR) research is focused on increasing the accuracy and precision for a predeﬁned activity set. Ad-justable parameters for improvement are the sensor selection, sensor placement and choice of classiﬁcation algorithm. The HAR task is to determine the corresponding activity for a given time interval on the raw sensor data. This paper covers a comparison based on the selected single activities instead of the complete activity set. The separation is used for an one versus all activity evaluation within the set. We conclude that it would be more helpful to consider the inﬂuence between individual activities to improve recognition performance.
Characterization and Healthier Properties of Whey proteins of Camel Milk: A Review

Whey proteins from Camels’ milk are characterized with different properties than cow whey proteins, and it is a chief source for milk in the desert areas. The co-precipitates proteins of camels’ milk using different methods heat treatment with or without expansion of hydrochloric or calcium chloride corrosive just as precipitation after the convergence of proteins by ultra-filtration and afterward ponder its physical and utilitarian attributes to suggest use in the food industry. Camel milk proteins has bioactive parts of useful sustenances to open new market open doors as it is settled that diverse functional properties can be guaranteed by fusing milk proteins into different nourishments. A few examinations on camel milk proteins with respect to denaturation of whey proteins, development of protein films, froths, emulsions and milk gels have been led under explicit conditions.
Episodic acidification of small streams in the northeastern united states: Fish mortality in field bioassays

In situ bioassays were performed as part of the Episodic Response Project, to evaluate the effects of episodic stream acidification on mortality of brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) and forage fish species. We report the results of 122 bioassays in 13 streams of the three study regions: the Adirondack mountains of New York, the Catskill mountains of New York, and the Northern Appalachian Plateau of Pennsylvania. Bioassays during acidic episodes had significantly higher mortality than did bioassays conducted under non- acidic conditions, but there was little difference in mortality rates in bioassays experiencing acidic episodes and those experiencing acidic conditions throughout the test period. Multiple logistic regression models were used to relate bioassay mortality rates to sum- mary statistics of time-varying stream chemistry (inorganic monomeric aluminum, calcium, pH, and dissolved organic carbon) estimated for the 20-d bioassay periods. The large suite of candidate regressors also included biological, regional, and seasonal factors, as well as several statistics summarizing various features of aluminum exposure duration and mag- nitude. Regressor variable selection and model assessment were complicated by multicol- linearity and overdispersion. For the target fish species, brook trout, bioassay mortality was most closely related to time-weighted median inorganic aluminum. Median Ca and minimum pH offered additional explanatory power, as did stream-specific aluminum responses. Due to high multicollinearity, the relative importance of different aluminum exposure duration and magnitude variables was difficult to assess, but these variables taken together added no significant explanatory power to models already containing median aluminum. Between 59 and 79% of the variation in brook trout mortality was explained by models employing between one and five regressors. Simpler models were developed for smaller sets of bio- assays that tested slimy and mottled sculpin (Cottus cognatus and C. bairdi) as well as blacknose dace (Rhinichthys atratulus). For these forage species a single inorganic alu- minum exposure variable successfully accounted for 86-98% of the observed mortality. Even though field bioassays showed evidence of multiple toxicity factors, model results suggest that adequate mortality predictions can be obtained from a single index of inorganic Al concentrations during exposure periods.
Adubação nitrogenada e estações anuais na produção de capins irrigados no leste mineiro sob corte

It was aimed to evaluate the dry matter yield and dry matter percentage of six irrigated grasses under different nitrogen levels and annual seasons. The experiment was conducted in a split split plot design, tends six grasses (Xaraes, Mombaca, Tanzania, Pioneiro, Marandu and Estrela) in the plots, four nitrogen levels (100; 300; 500 and700kg ha-1 ano-1) in the split plots and annual seasons (autumn/winter and spring/summer) in the split split plots, in a completely randomized block, with four repetitions. The appraised grasses presented values different from dry matter yield and dry matter percentage. In the case of the grasses of the Urochroa brizantha species, Xaraes presented larger dry matter yield that Marandu grass. The factor temperature was the responsible for the differences among annual seasons. The nitrogen fertilization depended on the annual season and grasses to check effect in the dry matter yield. The Pioneiro grass presents smaller dry matter percentage and together with Xaraes they possess larger dry matter yield. The spring/summer season provides larger dry matter yield and dry matter percentage in the grasses. The nitrogen fertilization increases dry matter percentage lineally. That same factor increases the Pioneiro's yield lineally; even so it doesn't affect the Marandu and Estrela grasses.
Established IL‐2‐dependent double‐negative (CD4‐ CD8‐) TCRαβ/CD3+ ATL cells: induction of CD4 expression

Summary. We established IL‐2‐dependent T cells from an adult T‐cell leukaemia (ATL) patient whose leukaemic cells changed from CD4 single‐p‐positive in the initial phase to double‐negative (CD4‐ CD8‐) at the time of exacerbation. The cells termed SO‐4 were of ATL cell origin and showed the double‐negative TCRαβ/CD3+ T‐cell phenotype. SO‐4 cells acquired CD4 antigen expression following stimulation with concanavlin A (ConA) or immobilized anti‐CD3 antibody. The induction was inhibited by herbimycin A, an inhibitor of protein tyrosine kinase (PTK) activity. No CD4 mRNA was detectable in unstimulated SO‐4 cells but a 3.0 kb signal specific for CD4 mRNA was detected after stimulation. These findings indicate that SO‐4 cells return to their original phenotype (CD4 single‐positive) by stimulation involving PTK. The results indicate that there is a pathway of phenotypic cycling between CD4 single‐positive and double‐negative T cells.
Growth and fatty acid composition of freshwater prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii, larvae fed diets containing various ratios of cod liver oil–corn oil mixture

Summary A feeding trial was conducted to determine the effect of replacing costly cod liver oil with corn oil as a source of dietary lipid on the growth and fatty acid composition of the larval freshwater prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii de Man. Prawn larvae were weaned to artificial diets containing cod liver oil and corn oil either singly or in various combinations (2 : 1, 1 : 1, 1 : 2, w/w). Weaning to artificial diets from Artemia nauplii commenced at larval stage III with complete substitution by stage X. The reference group was reared solely on Artemia nauplii during the entire experiment. Incorporation of corn oil at 33–67% of dietary supplemental oil did not have significant effects on the post-larval production. However, larvae fed with corn oil alone revealed a significantly lower post-larval production compared to other experimental diets as well as to the reference group. No significant differences (P > 0.05) were observed in dry weight, protein and lipid concentration among larvae fed on various dietary treatments. Palmitic (16 : 0) and oleic/vaccenic (18 : 1) acids were the dominant saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids in larval tissues, respectively, whereas the polyunsaturated fraction was dominated by eicosapentaenoic (20 : 5n-3) acid. The polyunsaturated fatty acid composition was dominated by n-3 acids rather than n-6 fatty acids. The fatty acid composition of the prawn in general reflected that of the diet. Larvae on diets containing higher concentrations of corn oil rich in linoleic (18 : 2n-6) acid showed a higher concentration of this acid in their tissues. No evidence of de novo synthesis of linoleic (18 : 2n-6) acid was found. Higher levels of stearic (18 : 0), arachidonic (20 : 4n-6) and eicosapentaenoic (20 : 5n-3) acids found in larvae as compared with those fed Artemia and artificial diets strongly indicated the larval ability in chain elongation and desaturation of palmitic (16 : 0), linoleic (18 : 2n-6) or linolenic (18 : 3n-3) acids, respectively. Despite a large variation of n-3 to n-6 ratios of the live and artificial diets, larval n-3 to n-6 ratios were relatively stable among different dietary treatments, possibly indicative of the importance of such a ratio in the larval fatty acid metabolism.
A STUDY OF SOIL BACTERIA DISSOLVING CERTAIN MINERAL PHOSPHATE FERTILIZERS AND RELATED COMPOUNDS

SUMMARY: Over a hundred isolates which produced haloes around their colonies on dilution plates containing calcium carbonate or dicalcium phosphate have been obtained in pure culture from the root region of the oat plant. Of these, more than 50% were pleomorphic, and this group had the highest proportion of isolates which could produce clear zones on agar media containing either calcium carbonate, dicalcium phosphate, tricalcium phosphate, freshly precipitated hydroxyapatite or basic slag. None of the isolates showed dissolving ability on agar media containing gafsa rock phosphate, variscite, strengite or taranakite. However, when an analytical method was used, 82% of the isolates tested proved able to release phosphate from gafsa rock phosphate, though to a much lesser extent than from dicalcium phosphate. None of the isolates tested by this method released phosphate from variscite, strengite or taranakite. The nature of the organic acids produced from glucose by 26 of the isolates was also investigated. The majority produced mainly lactic acid, but a few also gave an acid with chromatographic properties similar to those of 2-keto-gluconic acid.
The Vulnerable red panda Ailurus fulgens in Bhutan: distribution, conservation status and management recommendations

Abstract The red panda Ailurus fulgens is categorized as Vulnerable on the IUCN Red List. Pressurized by an expanding human population, it is mainly threatened by habitat destruction, with < 10,000 mature individuals remaining. The red panda has been studied in India, China, Nepal and, to a lesser extent, Myanmar, but no research has been published on this species in Bhutan. Here, we report on the current distribution and conservation status of the red panda in Bhutan using information gathered from field surveys, interviews and unpublished reports. Red pandas are most common at 2,400–3,700 m altitude in fir Abies densa forests with an undergrowth of bamboo. They occur in most national parks and associated biological corridors within Bhutan's protected area network, overlapping with a rural human population that is undergoing increased socio-economic development. Although culturally respected, red pandas face threats from road construction, harvesting of timber, bamboo and minor forest products, livestock grazing, inefficiently managed tourism, and domestic dogs. We believe conservation of red pandas in Bhutan requires (1) inclusion of ecologically sound principles into future development, (2) implementation of programmes that improve rural socio-economy through ecotourism and cultivation of appropriate cash crops, (3) development of education programmes that raise awareness of red pandas for rural people, (4) management of rural dog populations, (5) greater capacity building for wildlife managers, and (6) more ecological research.
Accuracy, precision and quality control in age determination, including a review of the use and abuse of age validation methods

Many calcified structures produce periodic growth increments useful for age determination at the annual or daily scale. However, age determination is invariably accompanied by various sources of error, some of which can have a serious effect on age-structured calculations. This review highlights the best available methods for insuring ageing accuracy and quantifying ageing precision, whether in support of large-scale production ageing or a small-scale research project. Included in this review is a critical overview of methods used to initiate and pursue an accurate and controlled ageing program, including (but not limited to) validation of an ageing method. The distinction between validation of absolute age and increment periodicity is emphasized, as is the importance of determining the age of first increment formation. Based on an analysis of 372 papers reporting age validation since 1983, considerable progress has been made in age validation efforts in recent years. Nevertheless, several of the age validation methods which have been used routinely are of dubious value, particularly marginal increment analysis. The two major measures of precision, average percent error and coefficient of variation, are shown to be functionally equivalent, and a conversion factor relating the two is presented. Through use of quality control monitoring, ageing errors are readily detected and quantified; reference collections are the key to both quality control and reduction of costs. Although some level of random ageing error is unavoidable, such error can often be corrected after the fact using statistical (‘digital sharpening)’ methods.
Effects of shading on sink capacity and yield components of cotton in controlled environments

This study analysed effects of a simulated shade treatment on interactions among reproductive sinks, using pruned (mono- culm) plants in growth chambers. Plants were grown under non-limiting water supply and 600 µmol. m -2.s -1 PAR, reduced by 40% to si- mulate shade. Shade was imposed from 7th anthesis onwards, and plant transpiration, dw distribution and phenology were monitored. An index of apparent competition for assimilates (IAC) was calculated by dividing boll load by plant growth rate. Within the inflores- cence, shading affected all components of a cascade of events determining sink capacity, including carpel growth, seed number, boll abs- cission, final seed-cotton dw and partitioning between grain and fibre. In addition to sink down-sizing (abscission, seed number), shade also increased boll growth duration, spreading the demand for assimilates over time. Fibre quality was poor in such situations. Shade also reduced boll appearance rates, thus limiting the number of competing sinks. Organ appearance rates, boll duration and abscission rates were correlated with IAC. The future use of an IAC in the analysis and prediction of sink behaviour in complex plant systems is discussed. light resources / competition among sinks / assimilate partitioning / source-sink relationships