Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF ENHANCED DADDA MULTIPLIER USING 5 : 2 COMPRESSORS

Multiplier is one of the important circuits used in digital electronics field particularly in digital signal processing such as convolution, filtering and analysis of frequency. There are different kinds of algorithms used in multipliers to attain better performance such as Array, Booth, Sequential, Dadda and Wallace tree multiplier were the different types of multipliers created using CMOS logic. The Dadda multiplier is a most recent and advanced multiplier circuit which can be used to reduce partial product bit further it will reducetotalnumber of iteration within certain limitations. The enhanced Dadda multiplier with 5:2 compressors further reduces partial product bit and no. of state transitions and the proposed method will minimize the usage of total number of logic gates used. ThoughArray, Wallace 1 International Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics Volume 118 No. 19 2018, 3021-3033 ISSN: 1311-8080 (printed version); ISSN: 1314-3395 (on-line version) url: http://www.ijpam.eu Special Issue ijpam.eu
Title Clinical significance of the expression of autophagy-associated marker , beclin 1 , in breast cancer patients who

Background: Neoadjuvant endocrine therapy (NAE) has been employed to improve surgical outcomes for hormone receptor-positive breast cancers in postmenopausal women. Endocrine responsiveness is estimated by expressions of hormone receptors, but its heterogeneity has been recognized. Autophagy is an evolutionally conserved process associated with cell survival and cell death and has been implicated in cancer treatment. Methods: In order to examine the possible association between autophagy and response to endocrine therapy, we evaluated the status of autophagy-associated markers, beclin 1 and LC3, and apoptosis-associated markers, TUNEL and M30, in preand post-treatment specimens from 71 patients in a multicenter prospective study of neoadjuvant exemestane (JFMC34-0601). Results: Immunoreactivity of the autophagy-associated markers, beclin 1 and LC3, in carcinoma cells increased in 14 % and 52 % of the patients, respectively, following the exemestane treatment. These increases were statistically significant (beclin 1, p = 0.016, N = 49; LC3, p < 0.0001, N = 33). The status of M30 immunoreactivity decreased (p = 0.008, N = 47) and TUNEL remained unchanged (N = 53). In addition, tumors with pre-treatment stromal beclin 1 immunoreactivity revealed poor clinical and pathological responses compared with those without stromal beclin 1 immunoreactivity (25 % vs 67 % for clinical response, p = 0.011, N = 51; 0 % vs 41 % for pathological response, p = 0.0081, N = 49). Tumors with positive pre-treatment stromal beclin 1 had a higher baseline Ki-67 labeling index (both hot spot and overall average) than those without (p = 0.042 and 0.0075, respectively, N = 53). Results of logistic regression analyses revealed that stromal beclin 1 was a predictor for clinical and pathological responses while ER, PR, Ki-67, and stromal LC3 expressions were not. Conclusions: Results of our present study demonstrated that beclin 1 and LC3 immunoreactivity increased in carcinoma cells following exemestane treatment and that the status of pre-treatment stromal beclin 1 is associated with higher carcinoma cell proliferation and poor clinical and pathological responses to NAE. Trial registration: UMIN C000000345 (2006/03/06)
Why Are Fiscal Multipliers Asymmetric? The Role of Credit Constraints

Recent empirical evidence strongly points to the state-dependence of fiscal multipliers which are larger in recessions than in expansions. Yet, standard business cycle models face great difficulty in producing such asymmetric fiscal policy effects. By incorporating endogenously binding collateral constraints into a medium scale DSGE model, we find that fiscal effectiveness can vary substantially across the business cycle. The key to our framework is the state-dependent nature of collateral constraints; binding in bad times while slack in good times, amplifying the effectiveness of fiscal policy and hence generating fiscal multipliers that are larger during recessions.
Title Atrial AntiArrhythmic Effects of Heptanol in Langendorff-Perfused Mouse Hearts

Acute effects of heptanol (0.1 to 2 mM) on atrial electrophysiology were explored in Langendorff-perfused mouse hearts. Left atrial bipolar electrogram or monophasic action potential recordings were obtained during right atrial stimulation. Regular pacing at 8 Hz elicited atrial activity in 11 out of 11 hearts without inducing atrial arrhythmias. Programmed electrical stimulation using a S1S2 protocol provoked atrial tachy-arrhythmias in 9 of 17 hearts. In the initially arrhythmic group, 2 mM heptanol exerted anti-arrhythmic effects (Fisher’s exact test, P < 0.05) and increased atrial effective refractory period (ERP) from 26.0 ± 1.9 to 57.1 ± 2.5 ms (ANOVA, P < 0.001) despite increasing activation latency from 18.7 ± 1.1 to 28.9 ± 2.1 ms (P < 0.001) and leaving action potential duration at 90% repolarization (APD90) unaltered (25.6 ± 1.2 vs. 27.2 ± 1.2 ms; P > 0.05), which led to increases in ERP/latency ratio from 1.4 ± 0.1 to 2.1 ± 0.2 and ERP/APD90 ratio from 1.0 ± 0.1 to 2.1 ± 0.2 (P < 0.001). In contrast, in the initially non-arrhythmic group, heptanol did not alter arrhythmogenicity, increased AERP from 47.3 ± 5.3 to 54.5 ± 3.1 ms (P < 0.05) and activation latency from 23.7 ± 2.2 to 31.3 ± 2.5 ms and did not alter APD90 (24.1 ± 1.2 vs. 25.0 ± 2.3 ms; P > 0.05), leaving both AERP/latency ratio (2.1 ± 0.3 vs. 1.9 ± 0.2; P > 0.05) and ERP/APD90 ratio (2.0 ± 0.2 vs. 2.1 ± 0.1; P > 0.05) unaltered. Lower heptanol concentrations (0.1, 0.5 and 1 mM) did not alter arrhythmogenicity or the above parameters. The present findings contrast with known ventricular pro-arrhythmic effects of heptanol associated with decreased ERP/ latency ratio, despite increased ERP/APD ratio observed in both the atria and ventricles.
a Compacton ?

738 NOTICES OF THE AMS VOLUME 52, NUMBER 7 A soliton is a special solitary traveling wave that after a collision with another soliton eventually emerges unscathed. Solitons are solutions of partial differential equations that model phenomena like water waves or waves along a weakly anharmonic mass-spring chain. The existence of solitons critically depends on special mathematical properties of the model equations. Typically such equations have solitary wave solutions whose interaction is almost, but not exactly, clean: the reemerging waves appear perturbed, and the mathematical miracle whereby, among other things, one can explicitly describe the interaction is lost. Since all solitary waves have infinite tails, it is natural to seek model equations that generate solitary waves with a finite span. Two such waves would interact only for a finite time and then, unlike solitons, would be completely oblivious to each other. This is somewhat analogous to a search for wavelets with compact support. We define a compact wave as a robust solitary wave with compact support beyond which it vanishes identically [1]. We then define a compacton as a compact wave that preserves its shape after interacting with another compacton. How Compact Waves Emerge. Consider
Finance-growth nexus: evidence based on new measures of finance

This study examines the impact of financial development on economic growth using both the development of banking sector and the development of stock market as indicators of financial development. In order to reduce information loss, new measures of the banking sector and the stock market development are derived from various available measures via principal component analysis. Using the generalized method of moments (GMM) estimation technique on a 1988-2012 sample of 53 countries, the study reveals that the development in the banking sector and the stock market are both important to promote economic growth.
Association between nutrient density , food price , and nutritional status among Pekayon 16 Pagi elementary school children )

The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship between energy density and food price, the relationship between nutrient density and food price, and the relationship between nutrient intake density and nutritional status using Body Mass Index for Age (BMI/A). Study design was cross-sectional and subjects were selected using stratified random sampling with proportional allocation. Population were 3rd, 4th, and 5th grade students atPekayon 16 Pagi Elementary School with the total subjects 158 students. Nutrient density was measured by NRF (Nutrient Rich Food) 9.3 index method. The study found that most of the subjects had adequate protein and energy intake density but low calcium, vitamin A, and vitamin C intake density. Energy, vitamin A, vitamin C, calcium, iron intake density were not correlated with BMI/A (p>0.05). Energy density was negatively correlated with food price (r=-0.622). Nevertheless, nutrient density was positively correlated with food price (r=0.614).
Socioeconomic inequalities in paediatric metabolic syndrome: mediation by parental health literacy

Abstract Background Parental health literacy may explain the relationship between parental socioeconomic status (SES) and paediatric metabolic syndrome (MetS). For this reason, we assessed to what extent parental health literacy mediates the relationships between parental SES and paediatric MetS. Methods We used data from the prospective multigenerational Dutch Lifelines Cohort Study. Our sample consisted of 6683 children with an average follow-up of 36.2 months (SD 9.3) and a mean baseline age of 12.8 years (SD 2.6). We used natural effects models to assess the natural direct, natural indirect and total effects of parental SES on MetS. Results On average, an additional 4 years of parental education, e.g. university instead of secondary school, would lead to continuous MetS (cMetS) scores that were 0.499 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.364–0.635) units lower, which is a small effect (d: 0.18). If parental income and occupational level were 1 SD higher, on average cMetS scores were 0.136 (95% CI: 0.052–0.219) and 0.196 (95% CI: 0.108–0.284) units lower, respectively; these are both small effects (d: 0.05 and 0.07, respectively). Parental health literacy partially mediated these pathways; it accounted for 6.7% (education), 11.8% (income) and 8.3% (occupation) of the total effect of parental SES on paediatric MetS. Conclusions Socioeconomic differences in paediatric MetS are relatively small, the largest being by parental education. Improving parental health literacy may reduce these inequalities. Further research is needed into the mediating role of parental health literacy on other socioeconomic health inequalities in children.
The Effect of Magnetic Variability on Stellar Angular Momentum Loss. I. The Solar Wind Torque during Sunspot Cycles 23 and 24

The rotational evolution of cool stars is governed by magnetized stellar winds that slow the stellar rotation during their main sequence lifetimes. Magnetic variability is commonly observed in Sun-like stars, and the changing strength and topology of the global field is expected to affect the torque exerted by the stellar wind. We present three different methods for computing the angular momentum loss in the solar wind. Two are based on MHD simulations from Finley & Matt (2018), with one using the open flux measured in the solar wind, and the other using remotely observed surface magnetograms. Both methods agree in the variation of the solar torque seen through the solar cycle and show a 30%–40% decrease from cycles 23 to 24. The two methods calculate different average values, 2.9 × 1030 erg (open flux) and 0.35 × 1030 erg (surface field). This discrepancy results from the already well-known difficulty of reconciling the magnetograms with the observed open flux, which is currently not understood, leading to an inability to discriminate between these two calculated torques. The third method is based on the observed spin rates of Sun-like stars, which decrease with age, directly probing the average angular momentum loss. This method gives 6.2 × 1030 erg for the solar torque, larger than the other methods. This may be indicative of further variability in the solar torque on timescales much longer than the magnetic cycle. We discuss the implications for applying the formula to other Sun-like stars, where only surface field measurements are available, and where the magnetic variations are ill-constrained.
APPLICATION OF PSEUDO-DERIVATIVE FEEDBACK IN INDUSTRIAL ROBOTS CONTROLLERS UDC : 689 892 : 62-52

Concept of pseudo derivative feedback control, introduced by R. M. Phelan, is applied for efficient and practical control of industrial robots. It is shown in the paper that this way of control is very simple and easily applicable, since the IR d.c. motors contain tachometers. The obtained results show that even with the significantly smaller degree of the loading torque reduction, the fast aperiodic response of the system is ensured. 1. THEORETICAL BACKGROUND Although the problem of robot control driven by d.c. motors was a subject of extensive studies, [1]–[5], current industrial practice for the control of robotic manipulators is application of independent servo loops for each joint. This approach, because of its simplicity and easy application of digital control, will still be prevailing in industrial application. Also, some improvements are still possible in this approach to control of industrial robots. The procedure of determination of the transfer function for the d.c. motor controlled by the rotor’s current is known from the literature, so here is its final form: ] ) )( ( [ ) ( ) ( ) ( i b ef ef i m K K B s J R Ls s K s U s s G + + + = θ = (1) where: L is the rotor winding inductance; R is the rotor winding resistance; Kb is the coefficient of the back electro-motor force; Ki is the torque constant. The block diagram of the position servo-mechanism for control of the IR segment’s position by application of the d.c. motors controlled by rotor’s current, with taking into account the effect of the disturbance torque Mp is shown in Figure 1. 742 I. Ž. NIKOLIĆ, I. MILIVOJEVIĆ Here θd denotes the desired value of the segment’s angular position, and θl denotes the real angular position. The coefficient Kθ [V/rad] represents the potentiometer’s conversion constant. GC(s) denotes the controller’s transfer function. Considering that the motors that are used for the IR segment’s drive have relatively large power, the inductance of the rotor’s winding can be considered as negligibly small with respect to the value of the effective moment of inertia Jef. Then, the motor transfer function gets the form: Fig. 1. Block diagram of the servo-mechanism for control of the IR segment’s position. ) 1 ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( + = + + = θ = Ts s K K K RB s RJ s K s U s s G i b ef ef i m (2) where the gain and the time constant are
Estimating the mass of the Local Group using machine learning applied to numerical simulations

We present a new approach to calculating the combined mass of the Milky Way (MW) and Andromeda (M31), which together account for the bulk of the mass of the Local Group (LG). We base our work on an ensemble of 30,190 halo pairs from the Small MultiDark simulation, assuming a ΛCDM (Cosmological Constant and Cold Dark Matter) cosmology. This is used in conjunction with machine learning methods (artificial neural networks, ANN) to investigate the relationship between the mass and selected parameters characterising the orbit and local environment of the binary. ANN are employed to take account of additional physics arising from interactions with larger structures or dynamical effects which are not analytically well understood. Results from the ANN are most successful when the velocity shear is provided, which demonstrates the flexibility of machine learning to model physical phenomena and readily incorporate new information. The resulting estimate for the Local Group mass, when shear information is included, is 4.9×1012M⊙, with an error of ±0.8×1012M⊙ from the 68% uncertainty in observables, and a r.m.s. scatter interval of +1.7−1.3×1012M⊙ estimated scatter from the differences between the model estimates and simulation masses for a testing sample of halo pairs. We also consider a recently reported large relative transverse velocity of M31 and the Milky Way, and produce an alternative mass estimate of 3.6±0.3+2.1−1.3×1012M⊙. Although the methods used predict similar values for the most likely mass of the LG, application of ANN compared to the traditional Timing Argument reduces the scatter in the log mass by approximately half when tested on samples from the simulation.
The selection of transshipment ports using a hybrid data envelopment analysis/analytic hierarchy process

The accelerated globalization of logistics activities over the last several decades has spurred a rapid expansion of port facilities all cross the world. However, the recent slowdown of international trade, coupled with a global financial crisis, has created an on-going glut of international port facilities throughout the world. Although the abundance of port facilities provides more transshipment options for carriers and shippers, it makes the port selection decision more complex and difficult. To cope with this new set of challenges, this paper proposes a hybrid data envelopment analysis (DEA)/ analytic hierarchy process (AHP) model that is designed to identify factors specifically influencing transshipment port selection, evaluates the extent of influence of those factors on a transshipment port selection decision, and then determines the most critical ones among various factors. To illustrate the usefulness of the proposed hybrid DEA/AHP model, major container hub ports in FarEast Asia were analyzed.
Evaluation of Dispersion Based Calculations Compared to the Experimental Compressive Strength Results of CNT/6063Al Composites

Nowadays, it is vital to predict strength results of composites in advance of manufacturing process to reduce testing costs; especially in carbon nanotube (CNT) reinforced metal matrix composites. Therefore, compressive mechanical properties of fabricated CNT reinforced aluminum (Al) matrix composites are investigated and compared with the calculation results of dispersion based prediction models. First of all, CNT/6063 Al composites are fabricated by vacuum assisted infiltration of molten 6063 Al alloy into the CNT preform. Then, compressive mechanical properties of these composites are determined. Eventually, model calculations and experimental results are visualized by plotting comparison graphs. As a result, correlation between prediction models and experimental results are established and potential results of difference between these results are discussed.
Forecast Combinations in the Presence of Structural Breaks: Evidence from U.S. Equity Markets

Realized volatility, building on the theory of a simple continuous time process, has recently received attention as a nonparametric ex-post estimate of the return variation. This paper addresses the problem of parameter instability due to the presence of structural breaks in realized volatility in the context of three HAR-type models. The analysis is conducted on four major U.S. equity indices. More specifically, a recursive testing methodology is performed to evaluate the null hypothesis of constant parameters, and then, the performance of several forecast combinations based on different weighting schemes is compared in an out-of-sample variance forecasting exercise. The main findings are the following: (i) the hypothesis of constant model parameters is rejected for all markets under consideration; (ii) in all cases, the recursive forecasting approach, which is appropriate in the absence of structural changes, is outperformed by forecast combination schemes; and (iii) weighting schemes that assign more weight in most recent observations are superior in the majority of cases.
Metallicity dependence of HMXB populations

High-mass X-ray binaries (HMXBs) might have contributed a non-negligible fraction of the energy feedback to the interstellar and intergalactic media at high redshift, becoming important sources for the heating and ionization history of the Universe. However, the importance of this contribution depends on the hypothesized increase in the number of HMXBs formed in low-metallicity galaxies and in their luminosities. In this work we test the aforementioned hypothesis, and quantify the metallicity dependence of HMXB population properties. We compile from the literature a large set of data on the sizes and X-ray luminosities of HMXB populations in nearby galaxies with known metallicities and star formation rates. We use Bayesian inference to fit simple Monte Carlo models that describe the metallicity dependence of the size and luminosity of the HMXB populations. We find that HMXBs are typically ten times more numerous per unit star formation rate in low-metallicity galaxies (12 + log(O/H) < 8, namely < 20% solar) than in solar-metallicity galaxies. The metallicity dependence of the luminosity of HMXBs is small compared to that of the population size. Our results support the hypothesis that HMXBs are more numerous in low-metallicity galaxies, implying the need to investigate the feedback in the form of X-rays and energetic mass outflows of these high-energy sources during cosmic dawn.
USE OF MULTIMEDIA IN TEACHER EDUCATION : NEED OF THE FUTURE Ms

OF THE PAPER English is considered as a most essential language in the globe considering it’s importance in almost all the areas. It is considered as the library language worldwide. Most of the technical literature is available in English language. It is also the language spoken by largest population of the world. It is considered as the link language in India considering our diversity of languages. Hence, it is taught as one of the language in Indian schools, first language or second language or as third language. But it is considered as a very difficult subject in all the schools. Educators in the field of English language teaching forever have to struggle hard to find ways to make English learning enjoyable for the learners which can also help to retain the learning for more duration. In the present study the researchers had made an attempt to make English language teaching, mainly grammar teaching more effective using the help of multimedia approach and to have a long term effect of students in English learning. The researchers developed a multimedia package to teach English grammar and taught students of standard VII using this package for 21 days. The data were collected through pre-test, post-test and delayed post-test from both the experimental and control groups. The collected data were analyzed using Mean, Standard Deviation, Standard Error of Mean and Mann-Whitney U-test. In The findings the developed multimedia package was found to be stochastically effective in terms of enhancing students’ post-test achievement in English in comparison to the traditional approach and the multimedia package was also found to be stochastically effective in terms of enhancing students’ delayed post-test achievement in English in comparison to the traditional approach. The findings showed that the developed Multimedia Package created an interesting atmosphere where the students learnt and achieved more for both short term and long term benefits. EFFECT OF MULTIMEDIA PACKAGE ON DELAYED ACHIEVEMENT OF STANDARD VII CBSE STUDENTS IN ENGLISH S . Chanda Naidu Research Scholar, Faculty of Education, The Kadi Sarvavishwa Vidhyalaya, Gandhinagar Dr.Ashutosh Biswal Associate Professor, Centre of Advanced Study in Education, Faculty of Education & Psychology, The M.S. University of Baroda, Vadodara