Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Examining the influence of regional‐scale variability in temperature and light availability on the depth distribution of subtidal kelp forests

Foundation species play a disproportionate role in maintaining biodiversity and ecosystem functioning. Improved understanding of how environmental factors influence the distribution and population structure of foundation species therefore contributes to management and conservation of entire ecosystems. We surveyed subtidal kelp forests within four regions of the U.K., distributed over 9° of latitude and a mean sea temperature gradient of ~ 2.5°C. Our aims were: (1) to examine relationships between light availability and the structure and depth distribution of Laminaria hyperborea populations and (2) to determine whether depth‐related patterns were consistent across regions with different temperature regimes. We recorded marked depth‐related shifts in structure with decreasing light levels strongly correlated with declines in kelp density, cover, plant biomass, standing biomass, plant length, and age. We also recorded an effect of latitude; populations at our two colder, northernmost regions exhibited greater wet weight and length and higher standing biomass than populations in the warmer southern regions when under similar or even reduced light conditions, indicating an interactive effect of latitude, most likely related to temperature variability. We show that shifts in kelp population structure along depth gradients are strongly driven by light availability, although regional variability in the strength and nature of these relationships may be promoted by other factors such as temperature. Maximum depth penetration, standing biomass, plant density, and plant weight are useful indicators of light availability and, over time, could be monitored to detect changes in the quality of the overlying water column.
Use of data obtained in the field and its contribution to the process of construction of the geological change model by preservice elementary teachers

ABSTRACT Background Science education should encompass enculturation in science which implies performing scientific practices such as use of data and modelling, in authentic contexts like the field. Purpose This work aims to determine how preservice elementary teachers (PETs) use data obtained in the field, and how these data contribute to the process of building a model of geological change. Sample Forty-one Preservice Elementary Teachers (PETs) participated in the study. Design and methods A mixed methods design was used. The data from the conversations of nine groups during the six sessions following a field trip were categorized by constant comparison according to how the data from the field were used. The cases of field data used for modelling were further categorised through the Modelling Model Diagram framework. The PETs´ perception was examined by means of an open-ended question. Results PETs did use field trip as a learning resource and appealed to it without being explicitly required to. Seven groups used the data for the modelling process, mainly for creating and testing the model. Data were used in four of the groups as evidence for evaluating the validity of models. PETs perceived the field trip to be useful. Specifically, they acknowledged its usefulness whilst carrying out operations related to the creation of the model but they showed lack of awareness about the usefulness of performing other important operations. Conclusion The findings suggest that the field trip may be a valuable resource for developing scientific practices such as the use of data and modelling in science education. The positive perception of the PETs about the usefulness of the field trip for the learning process may foster their involvement in the design and implementation of such field trips in the future.
Long-term safety and efficacy of rilpivirine in combination with nucleoside/nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors in HIV-1 infected patients: 336-week rollover study of phase 2b and 3 clinical studies

Background To evaluate the long-term safety and efficacy of rilpivirine (RPV), a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI), in combination with nucleoside/nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)–infected patients. Methods RPV-treated HIV-infected patients from phase 2b or 3 studies rolled-over into this phase 3, open-label study and received RPV 25 mg once daily (QD) with choice of two NRTIs. Adverse events (AEs), plasma viral load, CD4+ cell count, and antiviral resistance were evaluated. Results Of the 482 patients treated, 437 (>90%) patients discontinued study treatment; 371 (77%) had switched to commercially available RPV, 14 (2.9%) discontinued due to AEs, and 6 (1.2%) had virologic failure. In this rollover study, patients were followed up to week 336, although data was limited beyond 288 weeks. Forty-five (9.3%) patients were still undergoing treatment at the time of data cut-off for the current analysis (8 February 2018). The most frequently reported AEs were pregnancy in 7 (1.5%) patients and syphilis in 5 (1.0%) patients. Grade 3–4 AEs were reported in 17 (3.5%) patients, and AEs possibly related to RPV in 23 (4.8%) patients. Over 288 weeks of treatment, 80.1% (95% CI: 74.9%; 84.3%) of patients maintained virologic suppression (HIV-1 RNA <50 copies/mL). The absolute CD4+ cell count increased over time until week 192 and remained constant thereafter. Conclusions RPV 25 mg QD in combination with an investigator-selected background regimen of two NRTIs demonstrated sustained long-term virologic suppression. The treatment was well-tolerated with no new safety findings.
Dimensional Structure and Preliminary Results of the External Constructs of the Schizophrenia Coping Oral Health Profile and Index (SCOOHPI)

The Schizophrenia Coping Oral Health Profile and Index (SCOOHPI) was developed to assess oral health coping strategies in people with schizophrenia. We show that the difficulty and discrimination indices of 18 items, selected for the final version, are acceptable according to the Rasch model, as are the inter-item (0.25) and inter-score (α = 0.85) correlations. This scale can be considered as an index, giving a global score between 0 and 72, with a Likert scale with five response modalities. This is also a profile with the following three dimensions of coping-related oral health, emerging independently of each other: (1) physical well-being strategies (α = 0.72); (2) moral well-being strategies (α = 0.60); (3) access strategies for oral well-being (α = 0.79). The sub-scores, ranging from 0 to 24, specify populations focused on the themes of coping strategies that may be most affected, depending on the subject’s characteristics and their clinical oral health status. The validation study of this scale is still in progress, to evaluate the reproducibility of the results, sensitivity to change, and reliability for other populations of people with schizophrenia.
Linked selection, ancient polymorphism, and ecological adaptation shape the genomic landscape of divergence in Quercus dentata

Multiple evolutionary forces contribute to heterogeneous genomic landscapes; however, disentangling their relative contributions is challenging. We sampled nine populations across the distribution of Quercus dentata, a dominant forest tree in East Asia, and used whole‐genome sequencing data to investigate mechanisms underlying divergence. We identified two genetic groups (north and south) that diverged ~1.84 million years ago, consistent with the uplift of the Qinling Mountains during the Pleistocene. The north group experienced a bottleneck during the middle–late Pleistocene and expanded from multiple refugia. The south group experienced a more severe bottleneck and showed high population differentiation, probably due to long‐term isolation and habitat fragmentation. We detected genomic islands with elevated relative differentiation (FST) scattered across the genome. Among these, 65.9% showed reduced absolute divergence (dXY) consistent with linked selection, while the remaining (34.1%) showed elevated dXY suggestive of divergent sorting of ancient polymorphisms. The recombination rate in genomic islands was lower than background, suggesting the importance of genome structure in shaping the genomic landscape. We detected 108 single nucleotide polymorphisms significantly associated with environmental factors, 12 of which clustered in a region of ~500 kb. This region showed multiple signals of positive selection in the north group, including the enrichment of XP‐extended haplotype homozygosity scores, an elevated population branch statistic, and an excess of high‐frequency derived alleles. In addition, we found that linkage disequilibrium was low and derived haplotypes declined rapidly in this region, indicating selection on standing variation. Our results clarify the evolutionary processes driving genomic divergence in Q. dentata.
Determination of Suitable Deficit Irrigation Stage in Potato Production

: Water deficiency is the major limiting factor for potato yield promotion. Increasing tuber yield and decreasing consumption of water at the same time are a challenge in development of new potato cultivar. Deficit irrigation is regarded as one of the promising approaches to solve this problem, however no practical technique has been proposed in potato production as yet. By setting different deficient irrigation regimes and investigating potato growth and water use efficiency
Analytical Capacity Comparison of One-Way and Two-Way Signalized Street Networks

Recently cities have been converting traditional one-way downtown street networks to two-way operation partly because one-way networks are seen as confusing and as less conducive to economic activity and a livable environment and they require vehicles to travel longer distances on average. However, one of the main disadvantages of such conversions is thought to be a reduction in the network's ability to serve vehicles. Intersections in two-way networks can serve fewer vehicles per unit time than their one-way counterparts. Several studies have assessed the differences between these two types of networks, but most studies are site specific and do not consider the best possible two-way networks. This paper presents an analytical model that uses macroscopic analysis techniques to compare various one-way and two-way networks using their trip-serving capacities. This metric is a key indicator of network performance. Two-way networks can serve more trips per unit time than one-way networks when average trip lengths are short. This study also found that two-way networks in which left-turn movements were banned at intersections could always serve trips at a higher rate than one-way networks could, even long trips. Thus, the trip-serving capacity of a one-way network can actually be increased when it is converted to two-way operation if left turns are banned. In this way, livability and efficiency objectives can be achieved simultaneously. This framework can be used by planners and engineers to determine how much a network's capacity changes after a conversion, and also to unveil superior conversion options.
Separation of chaotic signal sum into components in the presence of noise

The problem of separation of an observed sum of chaotic signals into the individual components is considered in the presence of noise. A noise threshold is found above which high-quality separation is impossible. This effect is shown to be associated with the information content of chaotic signals and a theoretical estimate is given for the threshold. A method for signal separation is proposed, which uses iteration of the chaotic source equations in reverse time. The method allows us to approach the theoretical limit threshold.
Immediate Changes, Trade-Offs, and Fade-Out in High-Quality Teacher Practices During Coaching

Coaching is an increasingly used professional development approach involving ongoing, individualized teacher-coach exchanges hypothesized to drive immediate changes in teachers’ practices with students. Examining this hypothesis, the present study quantifies marginal changes after individual coaching cycles in a set of commonly considered, high-quality teacher practices using a teacher fixed effects approach. It draws on panel data from 169 early childhood educators participating in a 9-month coaching intervention using the MyTeachingPartner approach intended to improve practices outlined in the Teaching Through Interactions framework. Results indicated that emotional support and classroom organization practices improved immediately after any coaching cycle, whereas others, like instructional support and literacy focus practices, only changed after cycles focused on those specific practices. Some immediate postcycle differences in practices endured over time, whereas others dissipated quickly.
Servant Leadership, Volunteer Retention, and Organizational Citizenship Behavior in Nonprofit Organizations: Examining the Mediating Role of Job Satisfaction

Nonprofit organizations (NPOs) face great challenges in attracting and retaining volunteers due to the short-term nature of most voluntary posts. This study examines the mediating effect of job satisfaction on the relationship between servant leadership and volunteer retention and organizational citizenship behavior in NPOs among university students in the context of a developing nation. The Partial Least Squares-Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) approach reveals that job satisfaction is the most important predictor of volunteer retention in NPOs. Moreover, the significantly mediating effects of job satisfaction on the relationship between servant leadership and volunteer retention and organizational citizenship behavior in NPOs is evinced. Volunteers report being highly satisfied with the NPOs’ communication of their vision and mission and confirm that they are provided with support networks when volunteer-related problems occur and when they are autonomous in fulfilling their volunteer assignments.
Uninhabited Combat Aerial Vehicles: Who's Driving?

The acronym UCAV is typically associated with Uninhabited Combat Aerial Vehicles, but it might alternatively stand for Unspecified, Collaborative, Adaptive, and Vulnerable. This paper considers Rasmussen's approach to Cognitive Systems Engineering as a possible framework for designing the interfaces and support systems needed to effectively manage the information technology.
Display Principles, Control Dynamics, and Environmental Factors in Pilot Training and Transfer

Sixty-four flight-naive men were tested in a fractional factorial, quasi-transfer experiment to examine the effects of four display factors, one control response factor, and one environmental factor on acquisition and transfer of aircraft landing skills. An additional 12 trainees served as experimental controls. Transfer was measured from each of 64 experimental training conditions to a criterion condition with a conventional inside-out pictorial contact display, normal simulator control dynamics, and a 5-knot crosswind. Transfer was better following training with pictorial displays than with symbolic displays, and with normal rather than reduced bank control order. Interactions of crosswind with predictive augmentation and with bank control order showed that for some conditions, transfer benefited from training with predictive augmentation and from training without crosswind.
PROJECT COST PREDICTION MODEL USING PRINCIPAL COMPONENT REGRESSION FOR PUBLIC BUILDING PROJECTS IN NIGERIA

Major problem in Nigeria construction industry is that building contracts are completed at sums much higher than estimated cost, hence the need to develop predictive cost model that capture factors affecting project cost using principal components regression, through set objectives: to identify factors contributing to project cost; examine the importance of the factors and develop cost predictive model. Literature review on the study indicated that nature of clients, professional involved in a project and their decision regarding design, function, duration, technology and implementation have significant effect on the overall project cost. Data for the study are obtained through random sampling of public building projects completed in Nigeria after 1995. The study identifies six most significant factors to project cost among the design related variables as: Level of design complexity; level of construction complexity; level of technological advancement; percentage of repetitive element; presence of special issues and scope of work. Three factors among time/cost related factors as Importance for project to be delivered; time allowed by the client and his representative for bid evaluation; need for the project to be completed. Client, consultant and contractor’s experience on similar project; adequacy of contractor’s plants and equipments are most significant among project parties experience related factors. The selected factors were used for cost predictive model.
Design of a 10-Gb/s burst-mode optical packet receiver module and its demonstration in a WDM optical switching network

A 10-Gb/s burst-mode optical packet receiver module was fabricated. Its sensitivity was -24.8 dBm. Its sensitivity penalty due to packet-arrival timing jitter was less than 1.5 dB in arbitrary relative phase, and its total sensitivity penalty due to power fluctuation and packet-arrival timing jitter was less than 2.9 dB when the magnitude of packet-by-packet power fluctuation was 9 dB. We experimentally confirmed that our burst-mode optical packet receiver did not cause a penalty for wavelength division multiplexed (WDM) optical switching using the wavelength channel selector module.
Serum Gamma Glutamyltransferase (GGT) in Coronary Artery Disease: Exploring the Asian Indian Connection

Background: There is a need to identify novel markers for CAD, independent of traditional CV risk factors. One of these is gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), a marker of increased oxidative stress. Given the high prevalence of CAD in Asian Indians, the link of GGT and CAD in them needs to be studied. Aim: To assess GGT in patients with angiographically documented CAD. Methods and Results: Two hundred patients aged 58.1 ± 9.95 years, 73% males, hypertension 56%, diabetes 40% were included. Mean GGT was 63.6 ± 44.33 (10–269 U/L). The levels of GGT progressively increased in those with single/double or triple-vessel CAD (36.5, 61.5, and 87 U/L, respectively, P < 0.001). Using objective criteria of CAD burden (SYNTAX and Gensini scores), we reaffirmed these findings. GGT in patients with SYNTAX tertiles 0–22, 23–32, and ≥ 33 was 33, 62, and 97 U/L, respectively and in Gensini tertiles 0–17.65, 17.66–56.65, ≥56.66 was 32, 52, and 88 U/L, respectively, all P < 0.001. SYNTAX score ≥ 23 was present in only 23% patients in GGT tertile 1 (<41 U/L), whereas60% and 94% in GGT tertiles 2 and 3 had SYNTAX ≥ 23. Significant positive correlation was seen between GGT and SYNTAX (r = 0.634) and Gensini score (r = 0.772). Conclusions: In this study, GGT had an independent correlation with angiographic severity of CAD and SYNTAX and Gensini scores. Although the existing evidence seems biologically plausible, more studies are needed to explore the potential role of this inexpensive marker for predicting disease burden in patients with CAD.
Tentative Study of Passenger Comfort During Formation Flight Within Atmospheric Turbulence

Formation flight is currently being investigated as a means to reduce drag and improve fuel efficiency in commercial aviation. In an attempt to approximate passenger impact in formation flight, a simple aerodynamic model for two aircraft in formation was developed. The wing trailing vortices were assumed to shift in an ideal fashion within atmospheric turbulence resulting in aerodynamic disturbance loads acting on the trailing aircraft. As the sensitivity of the human body to vibrations is frequency dependent, a spectral representation of atmospheric turbulence was incorporated. Monte Carlo simulations were done for various levels of turbulence intensity. The predicted acceleration responses of the trailing aircraft were used to determine the passenger comfort levels by applying the criteria of standard 2631-1 from the International Organization for Standardization and comparing with comfort levels experienced in an aircraft flying in isolation in the same turbulent atmosphere. A significant increase in d.
Electroacupuncture Regulates TRPV1 through PAR2/PKC Pathway to Alleviate Visceral Hypersensitivity in FD Rats

Visceral hypersensitivity (VH) is the predominant pathogenesis of functional dyspepsia (FD). Duodenal hypersensitivity along with nausea further reduces the comfort level in gastric balloon dilatation and inhibits gastric receptive relaxation. The potential mechanism behind electroacupuncture- (EA-) mediated alleviation of VH has not been elucidated. In an FD rat model with tail clamping stress, iodine acetamide (IA) induced VH. The rats were treated with EA with or without PAR2 antagonist FSLLRY-NH2, and the body weight, gastric sensitivity, compliance, and gastrointestinal motility were determined. Mast cells and activated degranulation were stained with toluidine blue (TB) staining and visualized under a transmission electron microscope (TEM). Immunofluorescence was used to detect the expression of PAR2, PKC, and TRPV1 in the duodenum and dorsal root ganglion (DRG) and that of CGRP, SP in DRG, and c-fos in the spinal cord. EA alone and EA + antagonist enhanced the gastrointestinal motility but diminished the expression of TRPV1, CGRP, SP, and c-fos-downstream of PAR2/PKC pathway and alleviated VH in FD rats. However, there was no obvious superposition effect between the antagonists and EA + antagonists. The effect of EA alone was better than that of antagonists and EA + antagonists 2 alone. EA-induced amelioration of VH in FD rats was mediated by TRPV1 regulation through PAR2/PKC pathway. This protective mechanism involved several pathways and included several targets.
Music-evoked emotions affect memory for emotional pictures

Music is widely known for its ability to induce emotions. However, to investigate music-evoked emotions, most studies rely on self-report questionnaires, which are vulnerable to bias. In the present study, we explored mood-congruency effects on memory as an indirect, nonverbal method to examine the experience of musical emotions. Participants listened to 15 music excerpts chosen to induce different emotions; after each excerpt, they were required to look at four different pictures, that could be either congruent with the emotion conveyed by the preceding music excerpt, incongruent, or neutral. After the presentation of the stimuli, participants completed a recognition task, including new pictures, already seen emotionally congruent pictures, and already seen emotionally incongruent pictures. Based on previous findings about mood-congruency effects, we hypothesized that if individuals had felt an emotion, this would facilitate memorization of emotionally congruent pictures. Results supported this prediction, as accuracy in the recognition task was higher for the emotionally congruent pictures than for the emotionally incongruent ones. This effect suggests that music-evoked emotions have an influence on subsequent cognitive processing of emotional stimuli, a result relevant for application in different psychology fields. Moreover, mood-congruency tasks may represent a source of evidence for the presence of music-evoked emotions.