Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Relationship between Posterior Permanent Dentition Pattern and Radiographic Changes of the Mandibular Condyle

This study assessed the relationship between posterior permanent dentition and radiographic changes of the mandibular condyle. This descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted on 300 panoramic radiographs of patients over 40 years of age (188 females and 112 males). Panoramic radiographs were evaluated for condylar changes such as flattening, subcortical sclerosis, subcortical cyst, erosion, osteophytes, and generalized sclerosis. Presence of muscle pain and temporomandibular joint (TMJ) pain and sounds, and history of TMJ trauma were also assessed. The occlusal scheme of posterior teeth was analyzed according to the Eichner’s index. The frequency of condylar changes was calculated in the right and left sides, and their association with posterior permanent dentition was analyzed by the Chi-square test (alpha = 0.05). The frequency of flattening, muscle pain, TMJ sounds, and erosion was 11.7%, 9.7%, 5.7%, and 3.7% in the right side, respectively. The frequency of flattening, muscle pain, erosion, and subcortical cyst was 12%, 9.3%, 5%, and 5% in the left side, respectively. The frequency of bilateral muscle pain, flattening, TMJ sounds, and TMJ pain was 18%, 16.7%, 11.7%, and 9.3%, respectively. Cases with TMJ trauma, generalized sclerosis, and osteophytes were few. According to the Eichner’s index, most patients with condylar changes had classes A and B, and a smaller percentage had class C. No significant difference was noted between healthy individuals and those with condylar changes regarding dentition patterns. No relationship existed between condylar changes and posterior permanent dentition pattern.
Boundary methods for solving elliptic problems with singularities and interfaces

Boundary approximation techniques are described for solving homogeneous self-adjoint elliptic equations. Piecewise expansions into particular solutions are used which approximate both the boundary and interface conditions in a least squares sense. Convergence of such approximations is proved and error estimates are derived in a natural norm. Numerical experiments are reported for the singular Motz problem which yield extremely accurate solutions with only a modest computational effort.
Molecular Dynamics Simulation of the Interaction between Graphene Oxide Quantum Dots and DNA Fragment

Due to their excellent physical properties, graphene oxide quantum dots (GOQDs) are widely used in various fields, especially biomedicine. However, due to the short study period, their biosafety and potential genotoxicity to human and animal cells are not well elucidated. In this study, the adsorption of GOQDs with different concentrations and oxidation degrees on DNA was investigated using a molecular dynamics simulation method. The toxicity to DNA depended on the interaction mechanism that GOQDs adsorbed on DNA fragments, especially in the minor groove of DNA. When the number of the adsorbed GOQDs in the minor groove of DNA is small, the GOQD inserts into the interior of the base pair. When there are more GOQDs in the minor groove of DNA, the base pairs at the adsorption sites of DNA unwind directly. This interaction way damaged the double helix structure of DNA seriously. We also compare the different functional groups of -1COOH. The results show that the interaction energy between 1COOH-GQD and DNA is stronger than that between 1OH-GQD and DNA. However, the damage to DNA is the opposite. These findings deepen our understanding of graphene nanotoxicity in general.
Damping of beam forced vibration by a moving washer

Abstract A new type of self-damping system—an elastic beam with a sliding washer—is analyzed. It is found that under external excitation the motion of the washer sliding along the beam can eliminate resonances, and decrease the beam's dynamic response to random stationary and impulsive excitation. Experimental results with physical explanations as well as a mathematical model are presented. Possible applications of such systems with "self-damping" may be further extended to two-dimensional and three-dimensional distributed oscillating systems if specially designed elements of the system are free to move under the action of vibration-induced internal forces.
On the Equivalent of Mixed Element Formulations and the Concept of Reduced Integration in Large Deformation Problems

The present contribution gives an overview of several classes of element technology in large deformation problems. In particular, the non-linear enhanced strain method, the 23-Bar method and a recently developed reduced integration concept with hourglass stabilization is included in the discussion. It is shown in the present paper, that the hourglass contribution needed to stabilize the one Gauss point formulation can be chosen such that an equivalence with any of the three formulations mentioned in the above is obtained. The advantage of this observation is evident: stabilized one point formulations are extremely robust and much more efficient from the computational point of view than their fully integrated counterparts. In addition, the reformulation of non-linear mixed formulations as stabilization technique allows valuable insights into the still open problem of non-physical instabilities at the element level. K e y w o r d s : finite element technology, enhanced strain method, hourglassing, stabilization, finite elasticity
Agricultural Production, Renewable Energy Consumption, Foreign Direct Investment, and Carbon Emissions: New Evidence from Africa

This paper explores the nexus between agricultural production, renewable energy, foreign direct investment (FDI), and carbon emissions in Africa, where there is limited evidence on the topic. Relying on panel data covering thirty-one African countries obtained from the World Bank World Development Indicators and FAOSTAT databases, we answered the question of whether agricultural production (proxied by livestock production, fertilizer consumption, and land under cereal cultivation), the use of renewable energy, and FDI increase or reduce carbon emissions. Using the panel autoregressive distributed lag model for analysis, our results show that net FDI, fertilizer consumption, livestock production significantly increased carbon emissions, both in the short run and long run. Meanwhile, renewable energy use consumption significantly decreased carbon emissions, both in the short run and long run. Specifically, a 1% increase in net FDI increased total carbon emissions by 0.003% in the short run and by 0.01% in the long run. Renewable energy consumption significantly decreased carbon emissions, both in the short run and long run. A 1% increase in renewable energy consumption decreased total carbon emissions by 0.16% in the short run and by 0.22% in the long run. Additionally, fertilizer consumption and livestock production significantly increased carbon emissions in the short run and long run. A 1% increase in fertilizer consumption increased total carbon emissions by 0.01% in the short run and by 0.04% in the long run, while a 1% increase in livestock production increased total carbon emissions by 0.20% in the short run and by 0.56% in the long run. The findings call for investment in renewable energy technologies and consumption while advocating for large-scale uptake of climate-smart agriculture, and environmentally friendly targeted foreign direct investments on the continent.
A Note on Plane Strain and Plane Stress Problems for a New Class of Elastic Bodies

In this paper we explore the consequences of prescribing constitutive relations for elastic bodies wherein “deformations” are given as functions of “stresses”. For this class of constitutive relations in, the particular case of small deformations, we study boundary value problems for plane strain and plane stresses, and we develop a weak formulation that can be considered as the starting point for numerical computations.
A mode-locked fiber laser simulation platform for self-tuning algorithm optimization

Mode-locked fiber lasers based on nonlinear polarization rotation (NPR) have been widely applied due to the simple setup, high performance and rich nonlinear dynamics. However, temperature, vibration, and stress can easily disrupt the optimized mode-locked state. To address this problem, automatic mode-locked lasers using different self-tuning algorithms are proposed in recent years. However, it is relatively difficult to verify and optimize the performance of self-tuning algorithm since the use of actual laser platforms, which hinders the development of intelligent mode-locked fiber laser. In this paper, we demonstrate a simulation platform for NPR mode-locked fiber lasers by using coupled Ginzburg–Landau equation and Jones matrix, which makes the optimization of intelligent self-tuning algorithm easier. As a proof-of-principle demonstration, genetic algorithm and human-like algorithm are implemented to prove the ability of comparing different self-tuning algorithms.
The Belt and Road Initiative, Public Health Expenditure and Economic Growth: Evidence from Quasi-Natural Experiments

The United Nations 2030 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) involve society, economy, and environment, and the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) is an important path to implement the SDGs. Moreover, the BRI is a vision for economic development of countries along the route. Although many studies documented the effect of the BRI on environment and economic performance, few studies have discussed the effect of the BRI on social and economic benefits. Therefore, we introduce the public health expenditure to explore the relationship between the BRI and the public health and economic growth of countries along the route from the dual perspective of social development and economic growth. Based on a panel data from 171 countries from 2010 to 2018, the current research explores whether the BRI can boost public health and promote economic growth in the belt-road countries. As a result, we found that the BRI boosted the expenditure of public health and effectively spurred economic growth in the belt-road countries. Furthermore, the effect of the BRI on the economic growth in the countries along the route depends on the level of public health expenditure in each country; the positive effect of the BRI on economic growth is significant when the public health expenditure level is moderate instead of low or high. The findings provide theoretical and practical insights into the SDGs of the BRI.
Retention of military combat lifesaving skills during six months following classroom-style and individualized-style initial training

ABSTRACT The current study was performed to obtain insight into the retention of combat lifesaving (CLS) skills after initial training and to compare a more individualized-style training with a more classroom-style training. We measured performance at 0 month, 2 months, and 6 months after initial training in 40 CLSers (17 individualized, 23 classroom). Each test consisted of two 20-minute scenarios with a medical mannequin to simulate combat injuries. An instructor scored the actions, which were divided into critical and non-critical by medical experts. We also measured the speed of performing the protocol and perceived mental effort and anxiety. There were no differences between the groups in critical actions. The full sample made on average almost six critical errors per scenario at 6 months. However, on non-critical actions, the individualized group scored better at 0 month. The individualized group also performed the protocol faster at each test. The classroom group reported an increase in mental effort and anxiety at subsequent tests, while the individualized group did not. Based on the high number of critical errors at 6 months, and on the drop-off in performance at 2 months, we advise that extra refresher training is organized within 2 months after initial training to improve retention further down the line.
Disentangling Intervention and Temporal Effects in Longitudinal Designs Using Latent Curve Analysis

This article is concerned with an approach to disconfounding effects in repeated measure designs with multiple groups. An extension of latent curve analysis (MEREDITH and TISAK, 1990; RAO, 1958, 1965) is described. The method permits estimation and testing of intervention effects separately from temporal effects. It is based on restricted factor analysis of individual change profiles and utilizes basis curves representing group patterns of change. The approach is illustrated on data from a two‐group intervention study.
α Eridani: rotational distortion, stellar and circumstellar activity

We explore the geometrical distortion and the stellar and circumstellar activity of a Eri (HD 10144), the brightest Be star in the sky. We present a thorough discussion of the fundamental parameters of the object for an independent determination of its rotational distortion. We used stellar atmosphere models and evolutionary tracks calculated for fast rotating early-type stars. If the star is a rigid rotator, its angular velocity rate is Ω/Ω c ≃ 0.8, so that its rotational distortion is smaller than the one inferred from recent interferometric measurements. We then discuss the stellar surface activity using high resolution and high S/N spectroscopic observations of He 1 and Mg II lines, which concern a period of Ha line emission decline. The variations in the He I lines are interpreted as due to non-radial pulsations. Time series analysis of variations was performed with the CLEANEST algorithm, which enabled us to detect the following frequencies: 0.49, 0.76, 1.27 and 1.72 c/d and pulsation degrees l ∼ (3-4) for v = 0.76 c/d; l ∼ (2-3) for v = 1.27 c/d and l ∼ (3-4) for v = 1.72 c/d. The study of the absolute deviation of the He I λ6678 A spectral line revealed mass ejection between 1997 and 1998. We conclude that the lowest frequency found, v = 0.49 c/d, is due to the circumstellar environment, which is present even at epochs of low emission in the wings of He I λ6678 A and Mg II λ4481 A line profiles, as well as during nearly normal aspects of the Hα line. This suggests that there may be matter around the star affecting some spectral regions, even though the object displays a B-normal like phase. The long-term changes of the Ha line emission in a Eri are studied. We pay much attention to the Ha line emission at the epoch of interferometric observations. The Ha line emission is modeled and interpreted in terms of varying structures of the circumstellar disc. We conclude that during the epoch of interferometric measurements there was enough circumstellar matter near the star to produce λ2. 2 μm flux excess, which could account for the overestimated stellar equatorial angular diameter. From the study of the latest B? Be phase transition of a Eri we concluded that the Ha line emission formation regions underwent changes so that: a) the low Ha emission phases are characterized by extended emission zones in the circumstellar disc and a steep outward matter density decline; b) during the strong Hα emission phases the emitting regions are less extended and have a constant density distribution. The long-term variations of the Ha line in a Eri seem to have a 14-15 year cyclic B? Be phase transition. The disc formation time scales, interpreted as the periods during which the Ha line emission increases from zero to its maximum, agree with the viscous decretion model. On the other hand, the time required for the disc dissipation ranges from 6 to 12 years which questions the viscous disc model.
Neutral Hydrogen Observations of NGC 4565 and NGC 891

Neutral hydrogen distributions from two spiral galaxies, NGC 4565 and NGC 891, are mapped on the basis of high-resolution observations with the NRAO's VLA in its 'B', 'C', and 'D' arrays. The paper considers the acquisition and reduction of the VLA data and discusses the kinematics of the H I in the two galaxies. Two H I companions of NGC 4565 are described. 45 refs.
Psychophysiological Responses of Humans during Seed-Sowing Activity Using Soil Inoculated with Streptomyces rimosus

Electroencephalogram (EEG) responses and serum metabolite levels were used to investigate the effects of horticultural activities (seed-sowing) on the psychophysiological aspects of adults based on the presence or absence of the soil microorganism Streptomyces rimosus. In this case, 31 adults were subjected to seed-sowing activities using S. rimosus inoculated (experimental group) and medium (control group) soils. EEG was measured to analyze the resulting psychophysiological response, and blood samples (5 mL) were collected. The relative gamma power (RG), relative high beta (RHB), and SEF 50 and SEF 90 were significantly higher in the right than in the left occipital lobe (p < 0.05). In both occipital lobes, ratios of SMR to theta (RST), mid beta to theta (RMT), and SMR-mid beta to theta (RSMT) were high (p < 0.05). GC-TOF-MS-based serum metabolite analysis detected 33 metabolites. Compared to the control group, the experimental group showed a lower content of amino acids (except aspartic acid), lipids, and C6 sugar monomers after the activity (p < 0.05). Aminomalonic acid was decreased, and aspartic acid was increased (p < 0.05). This study confirmed a positive effect on improving the concentration and attention of adults when seed-sowing activity was performed using S. rimosus-inoculated soil.
Perceived environmental threats, place attachment, and natural resource employment: predicting willingness to move from a threatened coastline

ABSTRACT This study examines the factors predicting willingness to move, in the face of environmental threats, among residents of southeast Louisiana, a region prone to disasters and facing slower moving threats, such as coastal erosion and environmental pollution. Using household-level survey data, I test the relationships that the number of perceived threats to one’s home, place attachment, and industry of employment have with willingness to move. Results indicate that the number of perceived threats is positively related with willingness to move, and place attachment and ties to the fishing industry are negatively related with willingness to move. Drawing on vulnerability and resilience paradigms, I conceptualize the connection between perceived threats and willingness to move as an adaptive capacity, and I conceptualize the connections between place attachment and ties to the fishing industry with unwillingness to move as a form of vulnerability. These analyses provide insight into an issue facing more and more Americans, elective climate-change-induced migration.
Dimensionality of Space‐Time

It is shown that, for a local Poincare covariant quantum field theory in which the usual relation between the TCP symmetry and spin‐statistic holds, the dimensionality of space‐time should be even. Further plausibility arguments are presented in favor of the observed dimensionality, on basis of the following factors: (1) simplicity, (2) relativistic local quantum field theory, (3) general relativity, (4) the nature of some observed interactions, (5) classical mechanical force concept.
Interfacial dynamics‐based modelling of turbulent cavitating flows, Part‐2: Time‐dependent computations

The interfacial dynamics‐based cavitation model, developed in Part‐1, is further employed for unsteady flow computations. The pressure‐based operator‐splitting algorithm (PISO) is extended to handle the time‐dependent cavitating flows with particular focus on the coupling of the cavitation and turbulence models, and the large density ratio associated with cavitation. Furthermore, the compressibility effect is important for unsteady cavitating flows because in a water–vapour mixture, depending on the composition, the speed of sound inside the cavity can vary by an order of magnitude. The implications of the issue of the speed of the sound are assessed with alternative modelling approaches. Depending on the geometric confinement of the nozzle, compressibility model and cavitation numbers, either auto‐oscillation or quasi‐steady behaviour is observed. The adverse pressure gradient in the closure region is stronger at the maximum cavity size. One can also observe that the mass transfer process contributes to the cavitation dynamics. Compared to the steady flow computations, the velocity and vapour volume fraction distributions within the cavity are noticeably improved with time‐dependent computations. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Clinical and Psychological Variables in Female Patients with Cervical Syndromes: A Cross-Sectional and Correlational Study

Background: The objectives of this study were: (1) to compare the pain intensity, cervical range of motion (ROM), psychological distress and kinesiophobia in patients with cervicogenic dizziness (CGD), tension-type headache (TTH), and mechanical chronic neck pain (MCNP); and (2) to investigate the relationships between pain intensity and cervical ROM and between psychological distress and kinesiophobia. Methods: a cross-sectional and correlational study was designed. In total, 109 patients (32 patients with CGD, 33 with TTH and 44 with MCNP) were included. Pain intensity, cervical ROM, psychological distress and kinesiophobia were assessed. Results: Statistically significant differences were found between the groups in pain intensity, psychological distress and kinesiophobia. The patients with MCNP showed higher pain intensity compared to the other groups (p < 0.001). The patients with CGD showed higher depression and kinesiophobia values compared to the MCNP and TTH groups (p < 0.05). No differences were found for cervical flexion, extension, lateral flexion, or rotation ROM (p > 0.05). The CGD and MCNP groups found a moderate positive correlation between psychological distress and kinesiophobia (p < 0.05). The patients with TTH and MCNP showed a moderate positive correlation between pain intensity, psychological distress and kinesiophobia (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Pain intensity, psychological distress and kinesiophobia should be considered in the three groups. Psychological distress was correlated with kinesiophobia in the CGD and MCNP groups. The MCNP group showed a correlation between pain intensity, psychological distress and kinesiophobia.
The cariogenic effect of school snack on risk levels with caries assessment tool study in children age 12-15 years old

The teen years, around the age of 12-14 years, is the time for children to experience physical growth spurt, which increases their appetite, so they love snacks and develop snack eating habit at school. This study aims to determine the cariogenic effect of school snacks on caries risk based on the caries assessment tool (CAT) study in children aged 12-15 years. This is an observational quantitative study with cross-sectional research design. The population in this study were all students of class VII, aged 12-15 years in SMP Negeri (SMPN) Kulon Progo, comprised of 2,047 students. This study used a cluster proportional random sampling technique and obtained a sample size of 100 respondents. Data were collected using a questionnaire about school snacks and observation of caries risk assessment was based on CAT, and the data were analyzed using the Chi-Square test. The results showed that the cariogenic school snacks consumed by children aged 12-15 years in SMPN Kulon Progo were in the low category (71%); risk of caries occurrence based on CAT studies in children aged 12-15 years was in the high category of 50%. There was no significant effect on cariogenic school snacks on the level of caries risk based on CAT study in children aged 12-15 years.