Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
IZA DP No . 11177 Papa Does Preach : Daughters and Polarisation of Attitudes toward Abortion NOVEMBER 2017

NOVEMBER 2017 IZA DP No. 11177 Papa Does Preach: Daughters and Polarisation of Attitudes toward Abortion* This article examines the hypothesis that having daughters polarises male politicians’ attitudes toward abortion rights. Using French and U.S voting records, I estimate that having daughters decreases support for abortion law by 25% for right-wing congressmen in France, and increases support for Democrats by 12%. I find similar behavioural patterns for voters using electoral surveys. Robustness checks confirm that this result is not an artefact of family stopping rules. I rationalise these findings in a model predicting that fathers with paternalistic preferences adopt a more polarised political position on abortion when they have a daughter rather than a son. JEL Classification: D72, D83, J16
DOLL: Distributed OnLine Learning Using Preemptible Cloud Instances - Technical Report

— Many companies are increasingly making machine learning integral to their businesses. To defray the resulting compute costs, much work has proposed using preemptible cloud instances, a discount tier of virtual machine rentals that may be interrupted at the cloud provider’s discretion, to run machine learning jobs. However, processing data streams on preemptible instances presents new challenges: processing data points as they arrive may lead to bottlenecks when scaling the system to handle higher throughput, particularly if the instances are frequently interrupted. Ours is the first work to design, analyze, and optimize a system that trains a machine learning model on a set of data streams with online stochastic gradient descent (SGD) on preemptible instances. Our system, DOLL, uses queueing and batching to parallelize and scale SGD to large numbers of workers and incoming data streams, as well as heterogeneous data arrival rates across streams. An expected error convergence guarantee is then derived for DOLL’s training process. We use this guarantee to optimize the cost of requisitioning preemptible and on-demand instances in the face of a performance target and wall-clock time deadline; this optimization is validated on experiments demonstrating substantial cost savings with little impact on model error, compared to on-demand instances.
A CRITICAL TOPOLOGY FOR Lp-CARLEMAN

In this paper, we explain a sharp phase transition phenomenon which occurs for LpCarleman classes with exponents 0 < p < 1. In principle, these classes are defined as usual, only the traditional L∞-bounds are replaced by corresponding Lp-bounds. To set things up rigorously, we work with the quasinorms ‖u‖p,M = sup n≥0 ‖u‖p Mn , for some weight sequenceM = {Mn}n of positive real numbers, and consider as the corresponding Lp-Carleman space the completion of a given collection of smooth test functions. To mirror the classical definition, we add the feature of dilatation invariance as well, and consider a larger soft-topology space, the Lp-Carleman class. A particular degenerate instance is when Mn = 1 for 0 ≤ n ≤ k and Mn = +∞ for n > k. This would give the Lp-Sobolev spaces, which were analyzed by Peetre, following an initial insight by Douady. Peetre found that these Lp-Sobolev spaces are highly degenerate for 0 < p < 1. Indeed, the canonical map Wk,p → Lp fails to be injective, and there is even an isomorphism Wk,p Lp ⊕ Lp ⊕ . ⊕ Lp, corresponding to the canonical map f 7→ ( f , f ′, . . . , f (k)) acting on the test functions. This means that e.g. the function and its derivative lose contact with each other (they “disconnect”). Here, we analyze this degeneracy for the more general Lp-Carleman classes defined by a weight sequence M. If M has some reasonable growth and regularity properties, and if the given collection of test functions is what we call (p, θ)-tame, then we find that there is a sharp boundary, defined in terms of the weightM: on the one side, we get Douady-Peetre’s phenomenon of “disconnexion”, while on the other, the completion of the test functions consists of C∞-smooth functions and the canonical map f 7→ ( f , f ′, f ′′, . . .) is correspondingly well-behaved in the completion. We also look at the more standard second phase transition, between non-quasianalyticity and quasianalyticity, in the Lp setting, with 0 < p <
DFPD-12 / TH / 11 KCL-MTH-12-11 BPS domain walls in N = 4 supergravity and dual flows

We establish the conditions for supersymmetric domain wall solutions to N = 4 gauged supergravity in five dimensions. These read as BPS first-order equations for the warp factor and the scalar fields, driven by a superpotential and supplemented by a set of constraints that we specify in detail. Then we apply our results to certain consistent truncations of IIB supergravity, thus exploring their dual field theory renormalization group flows. We find a universal flow deforming superconformal theories on D3-branes at Calabi–Yau cones. Moreover, we obtain a superpotential for the solution corresponding to the baryonic branch of the Klebanov–Strassler theory, as well as the superpotential for the flow describing D3 and wrapped D5-branes on the resolved conifold. ar X iv :1 21 0. 81 25 v2 [ he pth ] 2 1 M ar 2 01 3
Big Data and Big Cities: The Promises and Limitations of Improved Measures for Urban Life

New, “big” data sources allow measurement of city characteristics and outcome variables higher frequencies and finer geographic scales than ever before. However, big data will not solve large urban social science questions on its own. Big data has the most value for the study of cities when it allows measurement of the previously opaque, or when it can be coupled with exogenous shocks to people or place. We describe a number of new urban data sources and illustrate how they can be used to improve the study and function of cities. We first show how Google Street View images can be used to predict income in New York City, suggesting that similar image data can be used to map wealth and poverty in previously unmeasured areas of the developing world. We then discuss how survey techniques can be improved to better measure willingness to pay for urban amenities. Finally, we explain how Internet data is being used to improve the quality of city services.
THE UTILISATION OF WOODY VEGETATION BY ELEPHANTS IN TEMBE

The utilisation of vegetation and particularly trees in enclosed small reserves where elephant populations are confined is a contentious conservation issue. In Tembe Elephant Park in Maputaland, the biodiversity rich Sand Forest is considered the most valuable feature to conserve, yet it is considered at risk from increasing elephant utilisation of the park’s vegetation. The mean canopy removal by elephants across the park was therefore studied over a recent period including the last 12 months prior to the study and an older period for all events prior to the past 12 months. The intensity of utilisation was also evaluated in relation to the distance to water. Results show that utilisation patterns have shifted in the recent period and a significant decrease in utilisation intensity is correlated to an increasing distance from water points in the park. Recent and old utilisation patterns are discussed.
1 Second language writing in the twentieth century : A situated historical perspective

Existing historical accounts of studies in second language (L2) writing, which began to appear in the 1990s, usually begin with the 1960s and catalogue pedagogical approaches or emphases (e.g., Leki, 1992; Raimes, 1991; Silva, 1990). 1 It is not historically insignificant that many researchers see the 1960s as the beginning of the discipline, that they focus on pedagogical approaches or emphases, and that historical accounts began to appear in the 1990s because these accounts embody a set of assumptions about the disciplinary and epistemological status of second language writing. That is, these accounts tend to position second language writing as a subfield of second language studies and present the primary responsibility of second language writing researchers as the development of pedagogical knowledge in the service of advancing the field. Yet, a broader view of the history seems to suggest the limitations of these assumptions. Although it is true that writing issues began to attract serious attention from L2 specialists only in the 1960s, historical evidence suggests that L2 writing instruction did not suddenly become an issue in the 1960s (Matsuda, 1999). Furthermore, the rise of historical consciousness in the early 1990s seems to indicate that the nature of second language writing studies began to change around that time. My goal in this chapter is to provide an understanding of the dynamics of the field of second language writing by considering its development from a broader, interdisciplinary perspective. Specifically, I will be examining how this academic specialty has been shaped by the interdisciplinary relationship between composition studies and second language studies. Understanding the historical context of the field is important both for researchers and teachers because our theoretical and pedagogical practices are always historically situated. Without knowing the context in which certain theories or pedagogical strategies developed, we will not be able to apply them or modify them in other contexts or in light of new theoretical insights. Without an understanding of the history, we may continue to use pedagogical strategies that are no longer appropriate for the changing student population or dismiss some useful ideas or practices for the wrong reasons. In other words, this historical chapter tries to enhance second language writing
Factorized graph matching

Graph matching plays a central role in solving correspondence problems in computer vision. Graph matching problems that incorporate pair-wise constraints can be cast as a quadratic assignment problem (QAP). Unfortunately, QAP is NP-hard and many algorithms have been proposed to solve different relaxations. This paper presents factorized graph matching (FGM), a novel framework for interpreting and optimizing graph matching problems. In this work we show that the affinity matrix can be factorized as a Kronecker product of smaller matrices. There are three main benefits of using this factorization in graph matching: (1) There is no need to compute the costly (in space and time) pair-wise affinity matrix; (2) The factorization provides a taxonomy for graph matching and reveals the connection among several methods; (3) Using the factorization we derive a new approximation of the original problem that improves state-of-the-art algorithms in graph matching. Experimental results in synthetic and real databases illustrate the benefits of FGM. The code is available at http://humansensing.cs. cmu.edu/fgm.
Tax Revenue As An Automatic· Fiscal Stabiliser - A South African Perspective

The many practical economic and political difficulties encountered in discretionary fiscal stabilisation policy highlight the potential benefits of allowing automatic fiscal stabilisers to operate over the cycle. This article investigates the relevan~e of tax revenue as an automatic fiscal stabiliser in the South African economy by an empirical analysis of its role and impact since the 1970s. The study finds that cyclical changes in tax reveI1ue are relatively small and provide no significant evidence of automatic stabilisation; however, the potential of this tooi as art effective automatic fiscal stabiliser in South Africa cannot be overlooked as results show a high correlation between the output gap and automatic stabiliser estimates. Automatic fiscal stabilisers were employed symmetrically over the cycle and results showed that automatic fiscal stabilisers became increasingly important towards the end ofthe sample period. JEL CI0, E32, E63, H29
AIS Electronic

By enabling connections between individuals, Social Networking Sites, such as Facebook, promise to create significant individual as well as social value. Encouraging connections between users is also crucial for service providers who increasingly rely on social advertising and viral marketing campaigns as important sources of their revenue. Consequently, understanding user’s network construction behavior becomes critical. However, previous studies offer only few scattered insights into this research question. In order to fill this gap, we employ Grounded Theory methodology to derive a comprehensive model of network construction behavior on social networking sites. In the following step we assess two Structural Equation Models to gain refined insights into the motivation to send and accept friendship requests – two network expansion strategies. Based on our findings, we offer recommendations for social network providers.
N T ] 3 0 A pr 2 01 2 On some open problems in Diophantine approximation by

We discuss several open problems in Diophantine approximation. Among them there are famous Littlewood’s and Zaremba’s conjectures as well as some new and not so famous problems. In the present paper I shall give a brief surwey on several problems in Diophantine aproximation which I was interested in and working on. Of course my briev survey is by no means complete. The main purpose of this paper is to make the problems under consideration more popular among a wider mathematical audience. Basic facts concerning Diophantine approximation one can find in wonderful books [71, 29, 127]. As for the Geomerty of Numbers we refer to [30, 53]. Some topics related to the problems discussed below are considered in recent surveys [100, 145]. 1 Littlewood conjecture and related problems Every paper in Diohantine approximations should begin with the formulation of the Dirichlet theorem whitch states that for real numbers θ1, . , θn, n > 1 there exist infinitely many positive integers q such that max 16j6n ||qθj|| 6 1 q1/n (here and in the sequel || · || stands for the distance to the nearest integer), or lim inf q→+∞ q max 16j6n ||qθj|| 6 1. The famous Littlewood conjecture in Diophantine approximatios supposes that for any two real numbers θ1, θ2 one has lim inf q→+∞ q ||qθ1|| ||qθ2|| = 0. (1) The similar multidimensional problem is for given n > 2 to prove that for any reals θ1, . , θn one has lim inf q→+∞ q ||qθ1|| · · · ||qθn|| = 0. (2) This problem is not solved for any n > 2. Obviously the statement is false for n = 1: one can consider a badly approximable number θ1 such that inf q∈Z+ q||qθ1|| > 0. (3) Any quadratic irrrationality satisfies (3); moreover as it was proved by V. Jarńık [60] the set of all θ1 satisfying (3) has zero Lebesgue measure but full Hausdorff dimension in R. research is supported by RFBR grant No.12-01-00681-a
ScholarWorks@UARK ScholarWorks@UARK

The goal of this project is to develop an eﬃcient methodology for extracting features from time-dependent variables in transaction data. Transaction data is collected at varying time intervals making feature extraction more diﬃcult. Unsupervised representational learning techniques are investigated, and the results compared with those from other feature engineering techniques. A successful methodology provides features that improve the accuracy of any machine learning technique. This methodology is then applied to insurance claims data in order to ﬁnd features to predict whether a patient is at risk of overdosing on opioids. This data covers prescription, inpatient, and outpatient transactions. Features created are input to recurrent neural networks with long short-term memory cells. Hyperparameters are found through Bayesian optimization. Validation data features are reduced using weights from the best model and compared against those found using unsupervised learning techniques in other classiﬁers.
Explaining and predicting online tourists’ behavioural intention in accepting consumer generated contents

Purpose The purpose of this study is to understand the factors influencing Iranian tourists’ behavioural intention to use consumer-generated contents (CGC) websites whilst browsing the web when it comes to travel planning, based upon the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) extension. Design/methodology/approach The total of 211 valid responses were collected through an online questionnaire survey. Data collected from Iranian online tourists were used to test the proposed research model by using the partial least squares structural equation modeling method of analysis. Findings The results of the study indicate that perceived source credibility is the strongest predictor for behavioural intention. Furthermore, in this study, the most significant relationship is between perceived enjoyment and perceived ease of use. However, the findings of this study show that perceived ease of use is unable to predict behavioural intention of Iranian tourists while using CGC websites. Research limitations/implications This study provides clear evidence for the importance of additional key variables in improving the authors’ understanding of the Iranian adoption behaviour concerning CGC websites for travel planning purposes. Implications of this research can aid both academicians and practitioners towards a better understanding of tourists’ adoption behaviour when associated with the social media. Originality/value This paper adopts TAM and extends it with other variables, namely, perceived enjoyment, perceived source credibility and perceived risk. It examines their influence in the behavioural intention of using CGC for travel planning in the context of Iran for the first time.
Event-triggered Approximate Byzantine Consensus with Multi-hop Communication

In this paper, we consider a resilient consensus problem for the multi-agent network where some of the agents are subject to Byzantine attacks and may transmit erroneous state values to their neighbors. In particular, we develop an event-triggered update rule to tackle this problem as well as reduce the communication for each agent. Our approach is based on the mean subsequence reduced (MSR) algorithm with agents being capable to communicate with multi-hop neighbors. Since delays are critical in such an environment, we provide necessary graph conditions for the proposed algorithm to perform well with delays in the communication. We highlight that through multi-hop communication, the network connectivity can be reduced especially in comparison with the common one-hop communication case. Lastly, we show the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm by a numerical example.
Pro-rich inflation in Europe: Implications for the measurement of inequality

Abstract This paper studies the distributional consequences of a systematic variation in expenditure shares and prices. Using European Union Household Budget Surveys and Harmonized Index of Consumer Prices data, we construct household-specific price indices and reveal the existence of a pro-rich inflation in Europe. Over the period 2001–15, the consumption bundles of the poorest deciles in 25 European countries have, on average, become 11.2 percentage points more expensive than those of the richest deciles. We find that ignoring the differential inflation across the distribution underestimates the change in the Gini (based on consumption expenditure) by almost up to 0.04 points. Cross-country heterogeneity in this change is large enough to alter the inequality ranking of numerous countries. The average inflation effect we detect is almost as large as the change in the standard Gini measure over the period of interest.
The Relationship between Interest Rates and Inflation in Ghana and Their Impact on Economic Growth for the Period 2006-2019

High interest rates and high inflation rates have been the bane of many developing countries especially in Sub Saharan Africa. The researcher sought to determine the relationship between these two variables and their resultant effect on the economic growth of Ghana over last fourteen years. Changes in interest rates within the period were compared with changes in inflation rates. These figures were used to determine the coefficient of correlation between these variables. The changes in these two variables were also compared with the changes in the economic growth rate within the period to ascertain any relationship between them. The research showed that interest rates and inflation rates in Ghana were positively correlated and they had strong impact on the economic growth of Ghana within the period under review. The researcher, however, observed that the coefficient of correlation between interest rates and inflation rates from 2006-2015 was stronger than from 2016-2019.
Firm Investment Decisions, Dividend Policy, And Director Stock Options

Since risk plays a role in setting dividend policy and granting stock options to directors, the paper investigates the effect of director compensation structure on the riskiness of the firm’s investment strategy by examining the firm’s dividend payout policy. The results imply that stock options to outside directors increase the firm’s appetite for risk and suggest that director stock options constitute a major incentive to changing corporate policies. The results also indicate that director stock options align the risk preferences of managers and directors. Finally, the results suggest that stock options do not motivate directors to act opportunistically in setting investment and payout policies.
A critical analysis of risk mitigation measures for target cost contracts in construction industry

A scarcity of empirical research has been observed on risk mitigation measures for those construction projects procured by guaranteed maximum price contracts (GMP) and target cost contracts (TCC) worldwide. This paper aims to seek and examine the risk mitigation measures associated with GMP and TCC (GMP/TCC) construction projects through an industry-wide empirical questionnaire survey launched in Hong Kong. Survey respondents were invited to delineate their levels of agreement on 18 individual risk mitigation measures identified from reported literature and in-depth interviews, and the views of client group were compared with those of contractor group. The survey results manifested that both the client group and contractor group are in general consistent in their views towards the risk mitigation measures for GMP/TCC contracts. However, the Mann-Whitney U Test revealed that they held different perceptions on 4 out of the 18 risk mitigation measures, and the findings may stem from different roles involved in the projects. The research findings are useful in providing industrial practitioners with valuable pointers towards effective risk mitigation measures of applying GMP/TCC schemes at an early stage of project delivery.