Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of pediatric dentists' knowledge and approaches to tooth discoloration.

In recent years, esthetic expectations have come to the fore in pediatric dentistry, as in every field of dentistry. Therefore, to better meet patients' expectations, the steps taken to determine and improve the current level of knowledge of pediatric dentists on tooth discoloration gain importance. This study aims to measure the knowledge levels of pediatric dentists regarding tooth discoloration. A 33-questioned survey created online was emailed to pediatric dentists between March and December 2021. The first part included four multiple-choice and two open-ended questions regarding demographic characteristics. The second part was to measure the participants' knowledge of tooth discoloration. The last part was to evaluate the clinical approaches of the participants. Participants who agreed to answer all of the questions were included in the study (n = 129). The knowledge levels of the participants were scored according to the accuracy of their answers. The data were statistically analyzed using descriptive statistics and chi-square tests. Of the pediatric dentists who participated in this study, 16.3% had high knowledge, 79.8% had medium knowledge, and 3.9% had insufficient understanding of tooth discoloration. There was no correlation between time since dental school graduation and time spent practicing as a pediatric dentist (p > 0.05). The group with the highest average level of knowledge was the group most frequently encountered with tooth discoloration in the clinic (p ≤ 0.05). On average, pediatric dentists had moderate knowledge of tooth discoloration. The group with the highest average expertise in this field was the group that most frequently encountered and treated tooth discoloration. Information on tooth discoloration due to systemic factors was insufficient. To increase the knowledge level of pediatric dentists about the causes and treatments of tooth discoloration, it may be beneficial to establish training programs during and after specialization education.
Social Media Usage: Positive and Negative Effects on the Life Style of Indian Youth

Objective : Utilization of social media is an integral part of Indian youth today. Over utilization of social media, has captured the attention of youth entirely. The dependency of youths on the social media has reached at such level that, without social media, every young person cannot think about the direction of their growth. Dependency of youth on social media is now leading to addiction. Methodology: Through the several studies, it is widely accepted that over utilization of social media has profound negative influence on the Indian youth. Simultaneously, social media have also some positive effects on the life of youth. This study highlights the main purposes of utilizing social media by the youth, and attempt has been made to find out the time spent on browsing social networking sites by the youth. Results: The result of study shows that, over utilization of social media leads youth towards addiction. Conclusion: This study focuses on the major; and the positive and negative effects of utilizing social media on the life of youth.
The life cycle and genetic structure of the red alga Furcellaria lumbricalis on a salinity gradient

The life cycle and genetic diversity of the red alga Furcellaria lumbricalis (Hudson) Lamouroux were investigated in 15 populations in northern Europe. The occurrence of different life cycle phases and seasonality of reproduction were studied in four brackish populations in the northern Baltic Sea. Furthermore, a new method, based on genome screening with ISSR markers combined with a restriction-ligation method, was developed to discover microsatellite markers for population genetic analyses. The mitochondrial DNA cox2-3 spacer sequence and four microsatellite markers were used to examine the genetic diversity and differentiation of red algal populations in northern Europe. In addition, clonality and small-scale genetic structure of one Irish and four Baltic Sea populations were studied with microsatellite markers. It was discovered that at the low salinities of the northern Baltic Sea, only tetrasporophytes and males were present in the populations of F. lumbricalis and that winter was the main season for tetrasporangial production. Furthermore, the population occurring at the lowest salinity (3.6 practical salinity units, psu) did not produce spores. The size of the tetraspores was smaller in the Baltic Sea populations than that in the Irish population, and there were more deformed spores in the Baltic Sea populations than in the Irish populations. Studies with microsatellite markers indicated that clonality is a common phenomenon in the Baltic Sea populations of F. lumbricalis , although the proportion of clonal individuals varied among populations. Some genetic divergence occurred within locations both in Ireland and in the northern Baltic Sea. Even though no carpogonia were detected in the ﬁ eld samples during the study, the microsatellite data indicated that sexual reproduction occurs at least occasionally in the northern Baltic Sea. The genetic diversity of F. lumbricalis was highest in Brit-tany, France. Since no variation was discovered in the mtDNA cox2-3 spacer sequence, which is generally regarded as an informative phylogeographic marker in red algae, it can be assumed that the studied populations probably share the same origin
Dislodgement of Left Main Stent Following Intravascular Imaging: How the Technician Disclosed Distracted Stent and Prevented Potential Serious Complications

1. Abstract A 54-years old patient with chronic ischemic heart disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus presented with multivessel coronary artery disease. Complex left main coronary stenosis was treated successfully with 2 stents using Culotte technique followed by stent optimization with intravascular imaging. However, one hour later Cath lab technician during copying images on CD observed that the stent contours from Cx artery were missing. The patient was brought back to Cath lab and distracted stent in the left main was successfully managed.
Revision of the Anguine Lizard Pseudopus laurillardi (Squamata, Anguidae) from the Miocene of Europe, with Comments on Paleoecology

Abstract A revision of the Early-Middle Miocene anguine, Pseudopus laurillardi (Lartet, 1851), is presented based on a detailed anatomical analysis of one newly discovered articulated specimen and numerous disarticulated cranial and postcranial elements from several localities in Germany, as well as on the restudy of the original skeletal material of Lartet. The articulated specimen represents the first record of an articulated anguine from the Neogene. We demonstrate that the contemporaneous anguine Propseudopus fraasii ( = Pseudopus fraasi, Pseudopus moguntinus or Ophisaurus moguntinus) from Germany and elsewhere in Europe represents a junior synonym of P. laurillardi. Three species of Pseudopus can by discriminated in the Cenozoic of Eurasia: P. laurillardi (Early-Middle Miocene of Europe), P. pannonicus (Late Miocene-Middle Pleistocene of central and eastern Europe) and P. apodus (Late Pleistocene-Recent, from Eastern Europe to central Asia). Eleven morphological characters of the skull have been identified that distinguish Pseudopus laurillardi from P. pannonicus and P. apodus. Four of these characters regard the frontal and parietal bones, whereas all other characters regard the dentary and dentition. The genus Pseudopus represents the largest and most robust taxon in the subfamily Anguinae and first occurs in central Europe at the beginning of MN 4 (∼18.5 Ma). In contrast to the extant species, P. apodus, the fossils P. laurillardi and P. pannonicus had a greater ecological plasticity and lived in various types of environments. The fossil remains of these taxa are most frequently found in localities characterized by sub-humid to humid climate, which may indicate that their preferential habitats include forested environments.
Spectral Variability and Discrimination Assessment in a Tropical Peat Swamp Landscape Using CHRIS/PROBA Data

In this study, we examine seasonal aspects and the potential of multi-angle CHRIS/PROBA data, acquired at two different dates, to improve forest classification. The test site is a typical peat swamp landscape located in Central Kalimantan, Indonesia. We focus on eight specific land use/cover categories from a single view angle and from a multi-angular perspective. We show that: (1) reflectance changes from the end of the monsoon to the beginning of the dry season in the visible were small and slightly positive for the forestry classes, whereas slightly negative for grassland classes; (2) reflectance increases according to the successional stages for a given angle and were higher in the beginning of the dry season; (3) reflectance values increase in the near-infrared with decreasing leaf area index (LAI); and (4) classification results using a multi-angular approach were statistically better at a 5% level of significance from a single view approach on both selected dates, showing that anisotropy information can improve differentiation between peatland landscape classes.
Yield and quality of sorghum hybrids with and without brown midrib

The aim was to compare yield of dry matter (RMS) and quality of grain and foliage sorghum varieties with and without brown midrib ( bmr ), by using plants with average concentrations of 300 g kg -1 of DM. Three grain (Solarius, Aralba and Topsilo) and three forage (Sweet Virginia, Big Kauna and Sucrosorgho) varieties were studied. Sweet Virginia and Big Kahuna contain bmr gene. RMS varied from 11.10 t, of Topsilo, to 17.12 t ha -1 of Sweet Virginia, related with plant height and stem/plant proportion. Topsilo had greater number of sprouts (1.5 m -1 ). Relationship panicle/plant was similar between varieties. Number of plants m -1 had variation between varieties but did not affect RMS. Protein concentration was from 75.45 g kg -1 DM in Big Kahuna, up to 104.3 g kg -1 DM in Solarius
What Matters Most in Supporting Cooperation, the Gossip Content or the Gossiper's Intention? Simulating Motive Interpretation in Gossip Dynamics

: Gossip provides individuals a great volume of information, which allows them to make informed decisions and better adapt to the environment around them. Like all pieces of information, however, if not correctly interpreted, gossip can lead to harmful consequences for individuals. Indeed, computational models have portrayed a complex picture on how gossip impacts cooperation, identifying several limitations of the mechanism. Recent theoretical models and empirical studies have shown how interpreting the information received through gossip is a key component to understand how gossip influences individuals and groups. Thus, we built an agent-based model where we examine two reaction mechanisms for different reputation systems, in which agents first interpret the motive behind gossip and then react on the basis of this interpretation. While the first mechanism relies on an encompassing reputation system in which all pieces of information are used to inform future decisions with other group members, the second mechanism comprises a two-layer reputation system, in which agents’ actions are separate from agents’ reliability as gossipers. Our results support previous empirical findings asserting gossip as an effective way to sustain initial cooperation, and offer a solution for gossipdrivenbynegativemotives: aslongasgossipreceiversignoretheinformationprovidedbygossipersthey deem unreliable and don’t punish them by refraining from cooperative interactions with them, cooperation can be sustained.
Intention of Land Circulation in Reservoirs Resettlements Based on the Logistic Model: An Investigation into Sichuan, Hunan and Hubei Provinces

Under administrative intervention, land circulation in reservoir immigration resettlements has violated related laws. Examining factors affecting residents’ willingness to transfer their land in reservoir immigration resettlements is meaningful to promote the land circulation in resettlement areas from a passive mode to a relatively active way. Compared to the general land circulation in rural areas, land circulation in reservoir immigration resettlements show unique characteristics in many aspects, such as circulation aim, circulation significance, and government involvement. In this study, 318 questionnaires were obtained, covering 4 reservoir immigration resettlements within Sichuan, Hunan, and Hubei provinces. The design of the questionnaire took willingness as a dependent variable but other 13 factors as independent variables, e.g., gender, age, occupational type, distance from resettlements to provincial capital, household size, and labor force. By establishing a logistic model, the authors performed an empirical study on the willingness to land circulation of local residents in reservoir resettlements. Conclusions were drawn as follows. 1) With increasing years of farmers’ education, they are more inclined to transfer its land. The possible reason is that for migrant workers, the higher level of their education, the more access to work opportunities. Once these people have relatively more stable non-agricultural income, land is no longer its primary living guarantee and thus they are more willing to transfer its land to gain certain compensation. 2) The number of household labor force can result in an opposite effect on land transfer, i.e., the more labor force, the more farmers reluctant to transfer its land. 3) The greater proportion of the agricultural income to the household income, the greater reliance on agriculture farmers, and thus more reluctant to transfer its land. 4) Household size and the number of agricultural population do not accurately reflect farmers’ real needs for land. Therefore, the two factors have little influence on the willingness to transfer land. In order to form an active land circulation in immigrant resettlements, the following measures are recommended: 1) to select areas close to big cities as immigrant resettlements, 2) to strengthen the quality of training for residents in resettlement areas according to market demand; 3) to reduce state intervention on land circulation in resettlement areas, and gradually realize the marketization of land circulation; 4) to establish a sound social security system, and promote the reform of the rural household registration system, and 5) to exploit and consolidate the wasteland suitable for agricultural development, expanding effective cultivated land areas.
Are complications after repairing acute Achilles tendon ruptures related to the surgical approach or the patient’s comorbidities?*

Objective: Analyze the postoperative complications after repairing acute Achilles tendon rupture and compare them according to the surgical approach (open surgery (OS) or minimally invasive surgery (MIS)) and the patient’s comorbidities. Methods: A retrospective analytical study including 154 consecutive patients with an acute Achilles tendon rupture submitted to surgery and divided into OS and MIS cohorts. The following relevant comorbidities were analyzed: obesity, diabetes mellitus, smoking, dyslipidemia, gout, chronic corticosteroid use, connective tissue pathologies, transplant history, cancer treatment patients, and postoperative complications. Results: Seventy-eight patients (50.6%) were treated surgically with an OS technique and 76 (49.4%) with an MIS approach. Twenty patients (13%) had postoperative complications between the two cohorts (OS 11.5%; MIS 14.5%; p = 0.588). No statistically significant difference was found in the logistic regression of the risk of the surgical approaches and complications. Obesity had a significant statistical difference when complications and comorbidities were compared. Conclusions: Patients with obesity have a higher risk of developing postoperative complications with both OS and MIS techniques. No relationship was found between the type of surgical approach and a higher percentage of postoperative complications in treating acute Achilles tendon rupture.
Caledonian extension in the north Irish Dalradian: implications for the timing and activation of gravity collapse

Following Caledonian crustal thickening and prograde metamorphism of the Dalradian rocks on the SE Laurentian margin in mid-Ulster, down-dip (gravity controlled) extension due to orogenic collapse was concentrated in the inverted limbs of the major ESE-facing fold nappes. Structural and metamorphic studies show that this extensional collapse, which can be correlated along strike for at least 100 km, occurred immediately after the crustal thickening episode. Such a relationship is compatible with dynamic wedge models for orogenic belts. Our data also imply that (a) collapse was triggered by the release of fluids during the prograde metamorphism and (b) late stage mobilization of the extensional zone created the gold mineralization in the Sperrin Mountains.
Micropropagation and ex-vitro rooting of Beaucarnea hookeri (LEM.) Baker

Beaucarnea hookeri is a species endemic to Mexico and is listed as threatened in NOM-059-SEMARNAT-2010. In order to micropropagate this species, an experiment was established at the Montecillo Campus , College of Postgraduates in 2022, where the response of the shoots during in vitro multiplication with different concentrations of benzylaminopurine (BAP) and their capacity for ex-vitro rooting during acclimatization were evaluated. An experiment was established with three subsequent subcultures (SC3, SC4, SC4-1); in SC3, shoots generated with 0.5 mg L -1 BAP (SC2) were used; in SC4, healthy shoots generated from SC3; and SC4-1 with shoots from SC3 but with initial hyperhydration (IHH). In SC3, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, and 2.5 mg L -1 BAP were evaluated. In SC4, 0 and 0.5 mg L -1 BAP and in SC4-1, concentrations of 0, 0.5, and 1 mg L -1 BAP. During acclimatization, four treatments of Radix ® 10 000 (0, 1 000, 2 000, and 4 000 mg kg -1 ) were evaluated, and shoots from SC2 were used. During multiplication, the number of shoots (NS) was recorded, and SC3 generated 6.35 shoots with the concentration of 1.5 mg L -1 BAP, with the presence of IHH. On average, 9.7 shoots were obtained in SC4, and 5.3 shoots in SC4-1, both subcultures with 0.5 mg L -1 BAP. In addition, there was a recovery of IHH in SC4-1. In rooting, there were no significant differences between treatments, and the control generated 73.3% of shoots with roots (SSR) 80 days after transplantation. Only the shoots of the control treatment in multiplication presented roots, which allowed complete plants to be obtained in 30 days.
Tectonic impact on sedimentary processes during Cenozoic evolution of the northern North Sea and surrounding areas

Abstract This paper focuses on the Cenozoic evolution of the northern North Sea and surrounding areas, with emphasis on sediment distribution, composition and provenance, as well as on timing, amplitude and wavelength of differential vertical movements. Quantitative information about palaeo-water depth and tectonic vertical movements has been integrated with a seismic stratigraphic framework to better constrain the Cenozoic evolution. The data and modelling results support a probable tectonic control on sediment supply and on the formation of regional unconformities. The sedimentary architecture and breaks are related to tectonic uplift of surrounding clastic source areas, thus the offshore sedimentary record provides the best age constraints on Cenozoic exhumation of the adjacent onshore areas. Tectonic subsidence accelerated in Paleocene time throughout the basin, with uplifted areas to the east and west sourcing prograding wedges, which resulted in large depocentres close to the basin margins. Subsidence rates outpaced sedimentation rates along the basin axis, and water depths in excess of 600 m are indicated. In Eocene times progradation from the East Shetland Platform was dominant and major depocentres were constructed in the Viking Graben area, with deep water along the basin axis. At the Eocene-Oligocene transition, southern Norway and the eastern basin flank became uplifted. The uplift, in combination with prograding units from both the east and west, gave rise to a shallow threshold in the northern North Sea, separating deeper waters to the south and north. The uplift and shallowing continued into Miocene time when a widespread hiatus formed in the northern North Sea, as indicated by biostratigraphic data. The Pliocene basin configuration was dominated by outbuilding of thick clastic wedges from the east and south. Considerable late Cenozoic uplift of the eastern basin flank is documented by the strong angular relationship and tilting of the complete Tertiary package below the Pleistocene unconformity. Cenozoic exhumation is documented on both sides of the North Sea, but the timing is not well constrained. Two major uplift phases in early Paleogene and late Neogene times are related to rifting, magmatism and break-up in the NE Atlantic and isostatic response to glacial erosion, respectively. Additional uplift events may be related to mantle processes and the episodic behaviour of the Iceland plume.
Exploring the challenges and facilitators that impact the experiences of being an older female worker in the European labour market

Older women make a significant contribution to the labour market yet still experience negative workplace impacts. We undertook a rapid review of literature to assess the current experiences of older female workers in the European labour market with the aim to inform policy innovation and service development that improves the working lives of older women in Europe. Electronic databases including Business Source Complete, Social Policy and Practice and PubMED were searched. 4797 records were identified, of which 24 full-text reports were included. Compared to men, older women were found to experience more adverse health impacts as a result of work-related stress. Older women bear a greater share of caring responsibilities which has a negative impact on their health. A lack of support for menopausal symptoms in the workplace often prompted early retirement for older female workers. Income and role disparities between men and women were identified, with women having relatively discontinuous employment histories and lower pension funds due to a higher burden of unpaid, domestic labour throughout their life course. This has a cumulative effect on their income, their role and position at work, and their ability to retire. Older women also reported experiencing workplace discrimination, and lack of autonomy and job control, and less training and developement opportunities. Flexible working was found to be contested terrain, with it being a means to support older women to maintain careers but also resulting in poorer career outcomes.