Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
What Is the Awareness, Perception, and Rate of HPV Vaccination and Pap Screening Amongst Korean American Women? [19F]

INTRODUCTION: To measure the awareness, perception, and rate of HPV vaccination and cervical cancer screening amongst Korean American women. METHODS: A cross sectional survey of convenience of Korean American (KA) women over 18 years old was developed to assess awareness, perception, and rates of HPV vaccination and cervical cancer screening. Surveys were distributed in English and Korean on social media and via paper surveys and distributed to the Greater Los Angeles area. RESULTS: 273 surveys were collected (94% completed). 82% had health insurance and 15.4% did not. The most common reason for lacking insurance was cost (61%). Of those eligible for the HPV vaccine (under 26), 78 (48.7%) initiated the HPV vaccine series, but only 33.3% completed all three doses. Overall, 53.5% of the women had an OBGYN/women's health care provider, but 41% did not. 54.9% had a pap smear in the last 3 years, and 23.1% had never had a pap. When asked if their friends were aware of the importance of a regular pap screen, 47.7% agreed or strongly agreed, but 49.5% were neutral or disagreed. When asked about frequency of gynecological care, 31.9% said “only when there is a problem” and 26.4% said yearly. Common barriers to visits were financial issues, embarrassment, and the perception that a visit were only necessary when they had problems. CONCLUSION: HPV vaccination rates and cervical cancer screening rates in KA women are low and opportunities exist to improve these rates through education and awareness.
Sustainability-Driven Entrepreneurship: A Literature Review

4 About the Author . 4 Introduction: Fields of Knowledge . 5 Emergence: Foundational Fields . 6 Progress: Interdisciplinary Forays . 23 Possibility: Sustainability Enterprise Design . 37 Acknowledgements . 39 References . 39
Overexpression of a Novel LcKNOX Transcription Factor from Liriodendron chinense Induces Lobed Leaves in Arabidopsis thaliana

Liriodendron chinense is a common ornamental tree that has attractive leaves, which is a valuable trait for use in landscape architecture. In this work, we aimed to identify the potential genes that control and regulate the development of L. chinense leaf lobes. Based on the transcriptome data for the leaf developmental stages we previously generated, two candidate genes were identified in this study. KNOTTED-LIKE HOMEOBOX(KNOX), encoding homeobox family proteins, play a large role in leaf lobe and leaf complexity regulation. Here, two full length KNOX genes from L. chinense were amplified and named LcKNOX1 and LcKNOX6 according to their sequence similarities with the respective Arabidopsis thaliana KNOX family genes. Overexpression vectors were constructed and subsequently transformed into wild type (WT) A. thaliana. Additionally, LcKNOX6 was expressed in tobacco leaves to examine its subcellular localization, and the 35S::LcKNOX6 transgenic A. thaliana leaf cells were imaged with the use of SEM. The expression of several genes that participate in KNOX gene regulation were validated by quantitative real-time PCR. The results show that LcKNOX1 produces almost the same phenotype as that found in WT A. thaliana. Notably, the LcKNOX6-1 lines presented deep leaf lobes that were similar to L. chinense leaf lobes. Two 35S::LcKNOX6 lines induced an abnormal growth phenotype whose seeds were abortive. In short, these results indicate that the LcKNOX6 gene might affect leaf development in A. thaliana and provide insights into the regulation of L. chinense leaf shaping.
Is Phylogeny More Useful than Functional Traits for Assessing Diversity Patterns Under Community Assembly Processes?

Phylogenetic and functional diversities and their relationship are important for understanding community assembly, which relates to forest sustainability. Thus, both diversities have been used in ecological studies evaluating community responses to environmental changes. However, it is unclear whether these diversity measures can uncover the actual community assembly processes. Herein, we examined their utility to assess such assembly processes by analyzing similarities in phylogenetic, functional, and taxonomic α- and β-diversities along an elevational gradient. Additionally, we examined the relationships among environment, phylogeny, and functional traits within the community. Based on our results, we evaluated whether phylogenetic or functional diversity could better reveal the actual community assembly processes. We found that taxonomic, phylogenetic, and functional α-diversities were correlated with one another. Although the functional α-diversity showed a linear correlation with the elevational gradient, taxonomic and phylogenetic α-diversities showed unimodal patterns. Both phylogenetic and functional β-diversities correlated with taxonomic β-diversity, but there was no significant relationship between the former. Overall, our results evidenced that phylogenetic diversity and taxonomic diversity showed similar patterns, whereas functional diversity showed a relatively independent pattern, which may be due to limitations in the functional trait dimensions used in the present study. Although it is difficult to unravel whether the environment shapes phylogeny or functional traits within a community, phylogenetic diversity is a good proxy for assessing the assembly processes, whereas functional diversity may improve knowledge on the community by maximizing information about the functional trait dimensions.
The Impact of the SNAP Distribution Cycle on Student Non- Cognitive Outcomes

This paper analyzes the effect of the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) benefit distribution cycle on student non-cognitive outcomes. In 2017, an average 42.1 million individuals participated in the program each month, and for the lowest-income households, these benefits can account for up to 50% of food-at-home spending. Given the importance of SNAP in these families’ food budgets, there are several key policy questions related to the potential impacts that this monthly distribution cycle can have on these vulnerable households. This research contributes to a growing literature on the consequences of households exhausting their SNAP benefits before receiving their next distribution. Using the student specific interview date and student characteristics from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study – Kindergarten sample (ECLS-K) it is possible exploit the exogenous variation in these student ECLS-K interview dates relative to statewide SNAP benefits distribution dates to investigate the impact on student outcomes. By temporally matching these two datasets creates a unique database of the time lag between a family’s SNAP benefit receipt date and ECLS-K students survey response. This dataset is used to test hypotheses related to the impact of the potential depletion of benefits on eighth grader non-cognitive outcomes; locus of control; self-concept; and internalizing behavior scores. Results indicate that among SNAP participating households, non-white male students interviewed more than two weeks after the first potential distribution date exhibit worse outcomes across all measures of non-cognitive outcomes than white male students interviewed in the same time frame. Across all estimations, female students do not experience the same end of the month effect that males do. These findings contribute to the growing discussion around SNAP distribution; that SNAP participants could potentially benefit from multiple benefit distribution or increased resource access. 1 Corresponding author. Ph.D. Candidate. Department of Economics, Clark University. 950 Main St, Worcester, MA 01610. Contact: kmarchesi@clarku.edu. I would like to thank Magda Tsaneva, Jacqueline Geoghegan, and Wayne Gray for their valuable comments and discussion. Special thanks to the Institute of Education Studies for granting restricted access use to the ECLS-K data. All observations are rounded to nearest 10 in compliance with security standards. All errors are my own.
How to Typo? Building a Process-Based Model of Typographic Error Revisions

• Background: The analysis of writing is complex, with planning, translating, and reviewing processes interacting in a non-linear fashion. Intuitively negligible activities such as the revisions of typing errors can have a large influence on the writing process, and hence also on the analysis of writing processes. For the analysis of writing, the importance of these errors and their revisions is twofold. On the one hand, they are low-level, and hence lessimportant types of revision, which we would like to filter, e.g., for more nuanced analyses of revision. On the other hand, typing errors, and especially the revision of typing errors, can (unwillingly) break the (linear) flow in writing. Therefore, it is important to identify these revisions to be able to determine their effect on disfluency and activation of other subprocesses.
Current Status of Cell Culture Drug Resistance Testing ( CCDRT ) May , 2002

Cell culture drug resistance testing (CCDRT) is purported to correlate with response to chemotherapy and/or with patient survival after chemotherapy. Advocates of CCDRT maintain that this information is of value in clinical drug selection, particularly in situations where there is a choice to be made between more than one acceptable drug regimen. Assays based on a cell proliferation or DNA synthesis endpoint were largely studied in the early to mid-1980s and are currently advocated chiefly for the identification of inactive drugs. Assays based on cell death as an endpoint were the subject of increasing study during the late 1980s and throughout the 90s. An extensive, diverse, and consistent literature documents the ability of cell death assays to identify forms of chemotherapy which are associated with both favorable and unfavorable prognoses. CCDRT should be much more widely utilized in clinical oncology practice and as an integral component of ongoing and future clinical trials. Introduction Cell culture drug resistance tests (CCDRT) are laboratory tests in which fresh biopsy specimens of human tumors are cultured in the presence and absence of anticancer drugs. At the conclusion of the cell culture, measurements are made to determine whether or not the drugs were effective in either killing the tumor cells or in preventing the growth of the tumor cells. Proponents of these tests maintain that this information correlates with drug effects in the patient and can therefore be used to assist the clinical oncologist in selecting the most appropriate drugs to be used in the treatment of individual patients. This paper will review the data relevant to this point of view. To begin with, there has been an unfortunate proliferation of names/terms applying to this testing. It should be noted that the terms "chemosensitivity assay," "chemoresistance assay," "drug resistance assay," and "drug response assay" can be used interchangeably. Likewise, the terms "in vitro assay" and "ex vivo assay" can be used interchangeably in this context. Some authors have tried to draw a distinction between assays which are geared and/or used more for the identification of inactive drugs versus active drugs. These are, however, purely semantic distinctions. Depending on where cut-off lines are drawn, all assays will have differing specificities and sensitivities for identifying inactive drugs and active drugs. It is much more useful to describe the specificity and sensitivity of an assay than to arbitrarily label the assay to be either a "chemoresistance" or "chemosensitivity" assay. The generic term "cell culture drug resistance testing" (CCDRT) describes laboratory tests in which gradations of drug resistance are determined by measuring drug effects on short term cultures of viable cells.
Physical and Mental Wellness among Students: Comparison of State-Level Model High Schools and Regular High Schools in China

The relationship between physiological and psychological well-beings among adolescents has always been studied extensively by researchers, yet few researches focuses on the impact of contextual factors such as school type, and demographic factors such as gender on the relationship between physical and subjective well-beings in the context of the Chinese educational system. This study measures Chinese high students’ subjective well-being as measured by the Multidimensional Student Life Satisfaction Scale (MSLSS, Huebner, 2001) and physical well-being in terms of Body Mass Index (BMI). The impact of school type and gender are considered while investigating the relationship between the two measured variables. 331 high school students (58% regular high school, 60.4% female) ranging in age between 14 and 21 (M = 17.47) responded to the questionnaire. Results suggest high school type has a significant impact on students’ subjective well-being, and gender has a significant impact on BMI. Correlational analysis indicates that BMI is not correlated with subjective well-being. Findings are partially consistent with similar studies of adolescence’s well-beings. Reasons for unique findings are discussed with the consideration of the unique character of the Chinese education system.
International Journal of Management Sciences and Business Research, Nov-2019 ISSN (2226-8235) Vol-8, Issue 11

The study assesses the impact on access to finance on firms’ performance in West Africa by employing a generalized linear model based on Enterprise survey data for 15 West African countries. The study concludes that access to finance has a negative impact on firms’ performance in West Africa. The business environment in which firms are situated has a significant impact on their performance. Firms in West Africa encounter some challenges in securing funds to grow their businesses due to the unfavourable business climates such as corruption, court administration constraints, tax rates, unstable electricity supply as well as an unfair competition that are not properly regulated. Therefore, firms should seek patient funds that could allow them ample time to grow.
Sentence Processing and Syntactic Theory

Modern research on sentence processing is a cognitivist discipline: Broadly speaking, most researchers assume that understanding sentences requires constructing (a series of) mental representations. Theories attempt to understand the underlying mental computations or principles involved in the incremental construction of said representations in real time. Insofar as sentence processing presupposes the cognitivist framework, Chomsky’s general influence is indisputable: Chomsky was an integral member of the group of researchers that brought about the shift towards cognitivism across the psychological sciences (e.g. Anderson, 1976; Fromkin, 1971; Garrett, 1975; Miller 2003) and he vigorously argued that language could, and should, be studied as a cognitive science.
Prioritized Experience Replay via Learnability Approximation

Experience replay is a key technique in reinforcement learning that increases sample efficiency by having the agent repeatedly learn on previous experiences stored in a replay buffer (Lin, 1992). Schaul et al. introduced Prioritized Experience Replay (PER), which weights the probability of replaying an experience (a tuple containing state st−1, action at−1, reward rt, discount γt, next state st) in the buffer with its temporal difference (TD) error (Schaul et al., 2016). While there are clear gains with this now widely used approach, we propose a potential weakness: the existing prioritization algorithm gives experiences in states with noisy reward values high prioritization values due to high TD error in these states. We expect that this will lead the agent to train more on experiences in these noisy states despite there being other informative examples to learn on, resulting in a potentially suboptimal data sampling scheme. We believe that a truly helpful prioritization scheme would prioritize experiences based on their learnability. In fact, the authors of the paper note in Appendix A that absolute TD error is only one of the many possible proxies for the ideal priority measure of expected learning progress and suggest that the first derivative of the TD error may be a better approximation of learning progress (i.e. the more improvement the agent can make on a certain experience, the more it should focus on learning from that experience). In our project, we will propose a new prioritization algorithm inspired by this idea, which takes as input new experiences the agent encountered and outputs prioritization values used for the sampling probabilities.
Characterizing Equilibria in Stackelberg Games

This paper investigates the convergence of learning dynamics in Stackelberg games on continuous action spaces, a class of games distinguished by the hierarchical order of play between agents. We establish connections between the Nash and Stackelberg equilibrium concepts and characterize conditions under which attracting critical points of simultaneous gradient descent are Stackelberg equilibria in zero-sum games. Moreover, we show that the only stable critical points of the Stackelberg gradient dynamics are Stackelberg equilibria in zero-sum games. Using this insight, we develop two-timescale learning dynamics for which each stable critical point is guaranteed to be a Stackelberg equilibrium in zero-sum games and the dynamics converge to the set of stable attractors in general-sum games.
Evaluating the Liquefaction Potential of Silty Sands in a Centrifuge

A series of centrifuge tests was conducted on saturated models of fine Nevada sand with different silt contents to study the influence of non-plastic silt on the liquefaction potential of silty sands. Parameters such as acceleration and pore pressure were monitored throughout the tests. Relationship between cyclic stress ratio (CSR) versus silt content was introduced at different effective confining pressures considering the effect of intergranular, interfine and global void ratios. Results indicated that increasing silt content to a certain threshold value decreases the liquefaction resistance of soils. RÉSUMÉ Des essais en centrifugeuse ont été effectués sur des maquettes saturées de sable fin du Nevada, en variant le contenu de limon pour étudier l’influence du limon non-plastique sur le potentiel de liquéfaction des sables limoneux. Des paramètres tels que l’accélération et la pression des pores ont été contrôlés tout au long des essais. La relation entre les rapports de sollicitation cyclique et la proportion de limon a été présentée pour différentes valeurs de pression de confinement efficace de façon à tenir compte des variations de vides intergranulaires, entre les particules fines ainsi que le taux de vide global. Les résultats obtenus indiquent qu’une augmentation de la proportion de limon, jusqu’à l’atteinte d’une valeur de seuil, réduit la résistance du sol à la liquéfaction.
Bregman Divergence Bounds and Universality Properties of the Logarithmic Loss

A loss function measures the discrepancy between the true values and their estimated fits, for a given instance of data. In classification problems, a loss function is said to be proper if a minimizer of the expected loss is the true underlying probability. We show that for binary classification, the divergence associated with smooth, proper, and convex loss functions is upper bounded by the Kullback-Leibler (KL) divergence, to within a normalization constant. This implies that by minimizing the logarithmic loss associated with the KL divergence, we minimize an upper bound to any choice of loss from this set. As such the logarithmic loss is universal in the sense of providing performance guarantees with respect to a broad class of accuracy measures. Importantly, this notion of universality is not problem-specific, enabling its use in diverse applications, including predictive modeling, data clustering and sample complexity analysis. Generalizations to arbitary finite alphabets are also developed. The derived inequalities extend several well-known $f$ -divergence results.
Perspectives interdisciplinaires sur le travail et la santé, 7-3 | 2005

During the last decade, bullying at work has gradually emerged as an important issue in organizational research. Bullying at work is defined as the exposure to persistent or recurrent oppressive, offensive, abusive behavior in the workplace in which the aggressor may be a superior or a colleague. This paper presents the main contributions of one of the pioneer research groups in this field, The Bergen Bullying Group. Research findings relating to the very nature of the concept of bullying in the workplace, the causes and the consequences of the problem are presented. The paper also presents a conceptual framework for future theory development in this field. Depuis une dizaine d’années, le harcèlement au travail est devenu un sujet de premier plan dans la recherche sur les organisations. Le harcèlement au travail est défini comme l’exposition The nature, causes and consequences of bullying at work: The Norwegian experi. Perspectives interdisciplinaires sur le travail et la santé, 7-3 | 2005 18
Well-Aerated Southern Appalachian Forest Soils Demonstrate Significant Potential for Gaseous Nitrogen Loss

Understanding the dominant soil nitrogen (N) cycling processes in southern Appalachian forests is crucial for predicting ecosystem responses to changing N deposition and climate. The role of anaerobic nitrogen cycling processes in well-aerated soils has long been questioned, and recent N cycling research suggests it needs to be re-evaluated. We assessed gross and potential rates of soil N cycling processes, including mineralization, nitrification, denitrification, nitrifier denitrification, and dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium (DNRA) in sites representing a vegetation and elevation gradient in the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) Forest Service Experimental Forest, Coweeta Hydrologic Laboratory in southwestern North Carolina, USA. N cycling processes varied among sites, with gross mineralization and nitrification being greatest in high-elevation northern hardwood forests. Gaseous N losses via nitrifier denitrification were common in all ecosystems but were greatest in northern hardwood. Ecosystem N retention via DNRA (nitrification-produced NO3 reduced to NH4) ranged from 2% to 20% of the total nitrification and was highest in the mixed-oak forest. Our results suggest the potential for gaseous N losses through anaerobic processes (nitrifier denitrification) are prevalent in well-aerated forest soils and may play a key role in ecosystem N cycling.