Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Interannual Variability of Autumn Precipitation Over the Greater Mekong Subregion

This study investigates the interannual variability in autumn precipitation over the Greater Mekong Subregion (GMS) during the period 1981–2019 and its possible causes. Statistical analysis indicates that GMS autumn precipitation showed a seesaw pattern between the central–southern and northeastern GMS over interannual timescales. The tropical sea surface temperature anomalies (SSTAs), reflected in the tropical northeastern Pacific SST index (TNEPI), significantly modulate anomalous GMS autumn precipitation. When the TNEPI is higher than normal, the SSTAs pattern prevails during autumn, with warmer SSTAs in the tropical eastern Pacific and western Indian Ocean, and colder SSTAs in the tropical western Pacific and southeastern Indian Ocean. This SSTAs pattern excites an anomalous anticyclone in the lower troposphere over the central–southern GMS and an anomalous cyclone over the northeastern GMS by the Gill–Matsuno mechanism. Subsequently, the anomalous anticyclone with anomalous descending motion results in below‐normal autumn precipitation over the central–southern GMS via a weakening of the convergence of water vapor from the tropical western Pacific and the Bay of Bengal. The anomalous cyclone on the northern flank of anomalous anticyclone, benefiting from water vapor supply from the Bay of Bengal, leads to above‐normal autumn precipitation over the northeastern GMS. The TNEPI, incorporating signals from the eastern‐Pacific (EP) type of ENSO, Indian Ocean dipole (IOD), and SSTAs associated with the Trans‐Niño index (TNI‐like), shows a stronger relationship with GMS autumn precipitation than individual indexes that describing the EP‐type ENSO, IOD or TNI‐like pattern. Therefore, the TNEPI can be considered an efficient predictor of GMS autumn precipitation.
NUCLEOSYNTHESIS AND EVOLUTION OF MASSIVE METAL-FREE STARS

The evolution and explosion of metal-free stars with masses 10–100 M☉ are followed, and their nucleosynthetic yields, light curves, and remnant masses determined. Such stars would have been the first to form after the big bang and may have left a distinctive imprint on the composition of the early universe. When the supernova yields are integrated over a Salpeter initial mass function (IMF), the resulting elemental abundance pattern is qualitatively solar, but with marked deficiencies of odd-Z elements with 7 ⩽ Z ⩽ 13. Neglecting the contribution of the neutrino wind from the neutron stars that they form, no appreciable abundances are made for elements heavier than germanium. The computed pattern compares favorably with what has been observed in metal-deficient stars with [Z] ≲ −3. The amount of ionizing radiation from this generation of stars is ∼2.16 MeV per baryon (4.15 B per M☉; where 1 B = 1 Bethe = 1051 erg) for a Salpeter IMF, and may have played a role in reionizing the universe. Neglecting rotation, most of the stars end their lives as blue supergiants and form supernovae with distinctive light curves resembling SN 1987A, but some produce primary nitrogen due to dredge-up and become red supergiants. These make brighter supernovae like typical Type IIp's. For the lower mass supernovae considered, the distribution of remnant masses clusters around typical modern neutron star masses, but above 20–30 M☉, with the value depending on explosion energy, black holes are copiously formed by fallback, with a maximum hole mass of ∼40 M☉. A novel automated fitting algorithm is developed for determining optimal combinations of explosion energy, mixing, and IMF in the large model database to agree with specified data sets. The model is applied to the low-metallicity sample of Cayrel et al. and the two ultra-iron-poor stars HE0107-5240 and HE1327-2326. Best agreement with these very low metallicity stars is achieved with very little mixing, and none of the metal-deficient data sets considered show the need for a high-energy explosion component. In contrast, explosion energies somewhat less than 1.2 B seem to be preferred in most cases.
INFLUENCE OF FOLIAR APPLICATION OF ATONIK ON VEGETATIVE GROWTH AND YIELD OF TWO PEA (Pisum sativum L.) CULTIVARS

Article The study was carried out at Grdarasha field in Erbil from November 4 th of 2019 to April 20 th , 2020.The purpose of this study was to study different levels of foliar spray of Atonik (0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, and 1 ml.L -1 ) affected the growth and yield of two pea cultivars (Utrillo and Nihal). The majority of the parameters investigated yielded significant outcomes. Cultivars had a substantial reaction on some of the tests, according to the findings. Parameters of pea vegetative growth and yield, the Utrillo cultivar produced the best results. Furthermore, Atonik foliar spraying had a considerable impact. The number of leaves and branches has the biggest influence on vegetative parameters (110.74 and 2.69 respectively), according to the findings (1ml.L -1 ). From 0.2 ml.L -1 of Atonik the maximum values of vegetative growth, fresh weight, and total chlorophyll were recorded. Atonik foliar spraying also improved yield parameters significantly. However, at 0.2 ml.L - 1 of Atonik, the highest numbers of seeds per pod, yield per plant, yield per plot, and yield per hectare (6.00, 0.16 kg, 1.00 kg, and 1.68 tons, respectively) were obtained. Meanwhile, the majority of vegetative development and yield indices, particularly Nihal, exhibited a substantial response to Atonik treatment.
Characterization of Physicochemical Properties of Oil-in-Water Emulsions Stabilized by Tremella fuciformis Polysaccharides

In this paper, emulsions stabilized by Tremella fuciformis polysaccharides (TFP) were prepared and the physiochemical properties were assessed. Results showed that the TFP emulsions illustrated the highest emulsifying activity (EAI) and emulsifying stability (ESI) when the concentration of TFP and oil were 0.8% and 10% (wt%). The higher pH value was in favor of the emulsifying properties, while the addition of NaCl impaired the stability, and the greater the concentration, the lower the EAI and ESI. Besides, the emulsifying and rheological properties and stability analysis were evaluated in comparison with gum arabic, pectin, and carboxymethyl cellulose emulsions. It was discovered that TFP illustrated better storage and freeze-thaw stability, which was proved by the result of zeta-potential and particle size. The rheological measurement revealed that all the emulsions behaved as pseudoplastic fluids, while TFP displayed a higher viscosity. Meanwhile, TFP emulsions tended to form a more stable network structure according to the analysis of the parameters obtained from the Herschel–Bulkley model. FTIR spectra suggested that the O-H bond could be destructed without the formation of new covalent bonds during the emulsion preparation. Therefore, this study would be of great importance for the research of emulsions stabilized by TFP as a natural food emulsifier.
XTE J1752−223 in outburst: a persistent radio jet, dramatic flaring, multiple ejections and linear polarization

The black hole candidate, XTE J1752-223, was discovered in 2009 October when it entered an outburst. We obtained radio data from the Australia Telescope Compact Array for the duration of the ~9 month event. The lightcurves show that the radio emission from the compact jet persisted for the duration of an extended hard state and through the transition to the intermediate state. The flux then rose rapidly by a factor of 10 and the radio source entered a series of at least 7 maxima, the first of which was likely to be emission associated with the compact jet. The subsequent 6 flares were accompanied by variable behaviour in terms of radio spectrum, degree of linear polarisation, morphology and associated X-ray behaviour. They were, however, remarkably similar in terms of the estimated minimum power required to launch such an ejection event. We compare the timing of radio peaks with the location of the ejecta, imaged by contemporaneous VLBI experiments. We then discuss the mechanism behind the events, in terms of whether discrete ejections is the most likely description of the behaviour. One ejection, at least, appears to be travelling with apparent superluminal motion. The range of properties, however, suggests that mutiple mechanisms may be relevant and that at least some of the emission is coming from shocked interactions amongst the ejecta and between the ejecta and the interstellar medium. We also compare the radio flux density with the X-ray source during the hard state and conclude that XTE J1752-223 is a radio-weak/X-ray-bright outlier on the universal correlation for black hole transient sources.
Constraints on the black hole spin in the quasar SDSS J094533.99+100950.1

The spin of a black hole is an important parameter which may be responsible for the properties of the inflow and outflow of the material surrounding the black hole. The broad-band infrared (IR)/optical/ultraviolet (UV) spectrum of the quasar SDSS J094533.99+100950.1 is clearly disc-dominated, with the spectrum peaking in the observed frequency range. Therefore, the disc-fitting method usually used for Galactic black holes can be used in this object to determine the black hole spin. We develop a numerical code for computing disc properties, including a radius-dependent hardening factor, and apply the ray-tracing method to incorporate all general relativity effects in light propagation. We show that the simple multicolour disc model gives a good fit, without requiring any other component, and the disc extends down to the marginally stable orbit. The best-fitting accretion rate is 0.13, well below the Eddington limit, and the black hole spin is moderate, 0.3. The contour error for the fit combined with the constraints for the black hole mass and the disc inclination gives a constraint that the spin is lower than 0.8. We discuss the sources of possible systematic errors in the parameter determinations.
THE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS ON THE STAR FORMATION MAIN SEQUENCE: AN Hα STUDY OF THE NEWLY DISCOVERED RICH CLUSTER AT z = 1.52

We report the discovery of a strong over-density of galaxies in the field of a radio galaxy at z = 1.52 (4C 65.22) based on our broadband and narrow-band (Hα) photometry with the Subaru Telescope. We find that Hα emitters are located in the outskirts of the density peak (cluster core) dominated by passive red-sequence galaxies. This resembles the situation in lower-redshift clusters, suggesting that the newly discovered structure is a well-evolved rich galaxy cluster at z = 1.5. Our data suggest that the color–density and stellar mass–density relations are already in place at z ∼ 1.5, mostly driven by the passive red massive galaxies residing within rc ≲ 200 kpc from the cluster core. These environmental trends almost disappear when we consider only star-forming (SF) galaxies. We do not find SFR–density or SSFR–density relations amongst SF galaxies, and the location of the SF main sequence does not significantly change with environment. Nevertheless, we find a tentative hint that star-bursting galaxies (up-scattered objects from the main sequence) are preferentially located in a small group at ∼1 Mpc away from the main body of the cluster. We also argue that the scatter of the SF main sequence could be dependent on the distance to the nearest neighboring galaxy.
Curcumin Sustained Release with a Hybrid Chitosan-Silk Fibroin Nanofiber Containing Silver Nanoparticles as a Novel Highly Efficient Antibacterial Wound Dressing

Drug loading in electrospun nanofibers has gained a lot of attention as a novel method for direct drug release in an injury site to accelerate wound healing. The present study deals with the fabrication of silk fibroin (SF)-chitosan (CS)-silver (Ag)-curcumin (CUR) nanofibers using the electrospinning method, which facilitates the pH-responsive release of CUR, accelerates wound healing, and improves mechanical properties. Response surface methodology (RSM) was used to investigate the effect of the solution parameters on the nanofiber diameter and morphology. The nanofibers were characterized via Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), zeta potential, and Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS). CS concentration plays a crucial role in the physical and mechanical properties of the nanofibers. Drug loading and entrapment efficiencies improved from 13 to 44% and 43 to 82%, respectively, after the incorporation of Ag nanoparticles. The application of CS hydrogel enabled a pH-responsive release of CUR under acid conditions. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) assay on E. coli and S. aureus bacteria showed that nanofibers with lower CS concentration cause stronger inhibitory effects on bacterial growth. The nanofibers do not have any toxic effect on cell culture, as revealed by in vitro wound healing test on NIH 3T3 fibroblasts.
Foliations and the Geometry of 3-Manifolds

Preface 1. Surface bundles 2. The topology of S1 3. Minimal surfaces 4. Taut foliations 5. Finite depth foliations 6. Essential laminations 7. Universal circles 8. Constructing transverse laminations 9. Slitherings and other foliations 10. Peano curves References Index
H0 from ten well-measured time delay lenses

In this work, we present a homogeneous curve-shifting analysis of the publicly available light curves of 24 gravitationally lensed quasars, for which time delays have been reported in the literature till date, using the di erence-smoothing technique. The uncertainty of each measured time delay was estimated using realistic simulated light curves. The recipe for generating such simulated light curves with known time delays in a plausible range around the measured time delay is introduced here. We identified 14 gravitationally lensed quasars that have light curves of su ciently good quality to enable the measurement of at least one time delay between the images, adjacent to each other in terms of arrival-time order, to a precision of better than 20% (including systematic errors). We modelled the mass distribution of 10 of those systems, which have known lens redshifts, accurate astrometric data and su ciently simple mass distribution, using the publicly available PixeLens code to infer a value of H0 of 68.1 5.9 km s 1 Mpc 1 (1 uncertainty, 8.7% precision) for a spatially flat universe having m = 0.3 and = 0.7. We note here that the lens modelling approach followed in this work is a relatively simple one and does not account for subtle systematics such as those resulting from line of sight e ects and hence our H0 estimate should be considered as indicative.
Alloy inhomogeneity and carrier localization in AlGaN sections and AlGaN/AlN nanodisks in nanowires with 240–350 nm emission

We present structural and optical studies of AlGaN sections and AlGaN/AlN nanodisks (NDs) in nanowires grown by plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy. The Al-Ga intermixing at Al(Ga)N/GaN interfaces and the chemical inhomogeneity in AlGaN NDs evidenced by scanning transmission electron microscopy are attributed to the strain relaxation process. This interpretation is supported by the three-dimensional strain distribution calculated by minimizing the elastic energy in the structure. The alloy inhomogeneity increases with the Al content, leading to enhanced carrier localization signatures in the luminescence characteristics, i.e., red shift of the emission, s-shaped temperature dependence, and linewidth broadening. Despite these effects, the emission energy of AlGaN/AlN NDs can be tuned in the 240–350 nm range with internal quantum efficiencies around 30%.
Effectiveness of joyful game-based blended learning method in learning chemistry during COVID-19

The recent introduction of joyful learning in National Education Policy (NEP) 2020 created great interest among students and is predicted to be the most suitable learning method for 21st-century learners. Game-based learning enhances education making all educational games increasingly popular. Learning efficiency can be enhanced through educational games. This article purposes to examine the efficiency of the game-based joyful blended learning method in learning chemistry, periodic table elements (1 to 30) among tenth standard students. The main purpose of the current study was to assist secondary school students to learn science-related ideas via participating in educational card games and using digital media for learning concepts. The educational advantages of the game in terms of learning performance, as well as students’ views of its integration into scientific learning, were studied. A quasi-experimental technique was used to obtain the study’s goal. The sample comprises 240 students studying the tenth standard in 4 different private CBSE schools in Palakkad district, Kerala, India. The pretest, posttest, gain scores, and retention scores were compared. The study's results indicated that there is a substantial mean score variation in learning chemistry (elements) between pretest, posttest, and retention tests of students in the experimental and control group. The students developed positive attitudes towards the usage of educational cards in learning Chemistry. The developed game-based joyful blended learning method develops reflective thinking and self-regulated learning among students.
Using spatial autologistic regression for predicting urban growth

ABSTRACT This paper aims to contribute to the discussion around the statistical performance of spatial autologistic regressions. We provide empirical evidence using spatially explicit land use change data. The data is fitted using both the traditional logistic regression and the spatial logistic approach. Results show that the spatial autologistic regression outperforms the traditional logistic approach. We conclude that the results from the spatial autologistic regression run on our land use change data are preferable to those from the traditional logistic regression. Various estimates from the logistic regression are non-significant in the autologistic approach. This may provoke misleading actions among urban planners.
Trophic cascades in tropical rainforests: Effects of vertebrate predator exclusion on arthropods and plants in Papua New Guinea

Insect herbivores have the potential to consume large amounts of plant tissue in tropical forests, but insectivorous vertebrates effectively control their abundances, indirectly increasing plant fitness accordingly. Despite several studies already sought understanding of the top‐down effects on arthropod community structure and herbivory, such studies of trophic cascades in old tropics are underrepresented, and little attention was paid to top‐down forces in various habitats. Therefore, we examine how flying insectivorous vertebrates (birds and bats) impact arthropods and, consequently, affect herbivore damage of leaves in forest habitats in Papua New Guinea. In a 3‐month long predator exclosure experiment conducted at four study sites across varying elevation and successional stage, we found that vertebrate predators reduced arthropod density by ∼52%. In addition, vertebrate predators decreased the mean body size of arthropods by 26% in leaf chewers and 47% in non‐herbivorous arthropods but had only a small effect on mesopredators and sap suckers. Overall, the exclusion of vertebrate predators resulted in a ~ 41% increase in leaf damage. Our results, across different types of tropical forests in Papua New Guinea, demonstrate that flying vertebrate insectivores have a crucial impact on plant biomass, create a selective pressure on larger and non‐predatory prey individuals and they prey partition with mesopredators.
Evidence for a correlation between the sizes of quiescent galaxies and local environment to z ∼ 2

Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 000, 1–17 (2013) Printed 16 July 2013 (MN L A TEX style file v2.2) arXiv:1307.3247v2 [astro-ph.CO] 15 Jul 2013 Evidence for a correlation between the sizes of quiescent galaxies and local environment to z ∼ 2 Caterina Lani 1⋆ , Omar Almaini 1 , William G. Hartley 1,2 , Alice Mortlock 1 , Boris H¨ausler 1,3,4 , Robert W. Chuter 1 , Chris Simpson 5 , Arjen van der Wel 6 , Ruth Gr¨ utzbauch 1,7 , Christopher J. Conselice 1 , Emma J. Bradshaw 1 , Michael C. Cooper 8 , Sandra M. Faber 9 , Norman A. Grogin 10 , Dale D. Kocevski 11 , Anton M. Koekemoer 10 and Kamson Lai 9 1 School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK for Astronomy, ETH Zurich, Wolfgang-Pauli-Strasse 27, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland 3 University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, Hertfordshire, AL10 9AB, UK 4 Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Denys Wilkinson Building, Keble Road, Oxford, Oxon, OX1 3RH, UK 5 Astrophysics Research Institute, Liverpool John Moores University, Twelve Quays House, Birkenhead, CH41 1LD, UK 6 Max-Planck Institut f¨ ur Astronomie, K¨ onigstuhl 17, D-69117, Heidelberg, Germany 7 Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of Lisbon, Portugal 8 Center for Galaxy Evolution, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, 4129 Frederick Reines Hall, Irvine, CA 92697, USA 9 UCO/Lick Observatory, Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA 10 Space Telescope Science Institute, 3700 San Martin Drive, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA 11 Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA 2 Institute Accepted 2013 July 10. Received 2013 July 10; in original form 2013 March 8 ABSTRACT We present evidence for a strong relationship between galaxy size and environment for the quiescent population in the redshift range 1 2×10 11 M ⊙ ) at z > 1 are typically 50 % larger in the highest density environments compared to those in the lowest density environments. Using Monte Carlo simulations, we reject the null hypothesis that the size–mass relation is independent of environment at a significance > 4.8 σ for the redshift range 1 < z < 2. In contrast, the evidence for a relationship between size and environment is much weaker for star–forming galaxies. Key words: galaxies: evolution – galaxies: structure – galaxies: clusters: general – galaxies: groups: general – infrared: galaxies – galaxies: haloes INTRODUCTION Numerous studies have tried to determine whether the evo- lution of galaxies and their properties are more heavily dic- E-mail: ppxcl@nottingham.ac. uk c 2013 RAS tated by internal processes or environment, the so called “nature versus nurture” problem. Many galaxy properties (e.g. morphology, galaxy colour) appear to be related with environment but it has been difficult to disentangle the cause of these correlations, and whether they are produced by en- vironmental processes.
DIACHRONIC ECOLOGICAL DISCOURSE ANALYSIS OF IMDb

Media is a useful tool to convey various types of messages. Within the past years, broadcasting media has covered a wide range of different communication methods such as television, radio, newspapers, and magazines. The article's central hypothesis is that movies, TV, and video games quotes, as the subcategory of broadcasting, convey messages about environmental issues. It seems that ecological discourse analysis can be useful, as it focuses on texts about the environment. In a diachronic approach, the present article aims to explore the environmental issues in movies, TV, and video games quotes; in this regard, we analyzed ecological discourse and solutions proposed by IMDb quotes. The data was collected from the IMDb database using Keyword in Context (KWIC) over 1990-2020. The findings indicated that KWICs such as global warming (38%) and endangered species (19.18%) had the highest frequencies. On the other hand, only 0.67% of the raw numbers of quotes belonged to environmental issues, which indicated that IMDb quotes implicitly conveyed the message regarding ecological matters. Furthermore, the studied IMDb mostly explained the consequences and provided solutions to environmental issues. Therefore, the frequency of informing people about environmental negligence was much lower than expected.