Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Is it possible to individually identify red foxes from photographs

The individual identification of animals from photographs is increasingly used to obtain density estimates not only for animals with distinct natural markings but also for species with little or no distinct markings, such as coyotes (Canis latrans), pumas (Puma concolor) and tapirs (Tapirus terrestris). This lack of distinct natural markings may lead to large error rates in the assessment of photographs, and as a consequence result in poor abundance estimates. We conducted an experiment asking expert observers to identify individual red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) from a set of photographs taken by automatic camera-traps. Our objectives were to determine whether reliable individual identification of red foxes from photographs is possible and, if possible, to improve the identification process. Exact assessment of error rates in individual identification can only be achieved if photographs of known individuals are available. This is rarely the case; therefore, we used photographs of red foxes from different study sites and determined the lower limit of the proportion of false positive matches. Our analysis, based on 10 expert responses, suggested that individual identification of red foxes is not reliable. The number of individual foxes assessed by the observers varied between 4 and 23 individuals. The minimal proportion of false positive matches was very large (>50% of the photographs considered to be of the same individual were from 2 different study sites) and there was little agreement among experts on which photographs showed the same individuals. Hence, we caution against individual identification from photographs of red foxes and other animals with similar or less natural markings without further testing. © 2013 The Wildlife Society.
Body image, eating disturbance and estrogen levels across the menstrual cycle

The principal interest of the current study was to examine estrogen levels across the menstrual cycle related to body image and eating disturbance. Participants were undergraduate female students at a medium size Midwestern university. There were two phases of this study-a between-subjects aspect (N = 119) followed by a within-subjects aspect (N = 41 ). Multivariate analyses of covariance (MANCO VA) were used to analyze the first phase data. Results showed that when eating disorders were viewed as a whole. eating patterns were stable across the menstrual cycle; but if looked at separately. symptoms of anorexia were worse when estrogen levels were high. In the follow-up phase of this study. results from repeated measures analyses of covariance (ANCOVA) suggest that women experience greater body dissatisfaction when estrogen is low. Discussion of the findings and their clinical implications are addressed. BODY IMAGE, EATING DISTURBANCE AND ESTROGEN LEVELS ACROSS THE MENSTRUAL CYCLE A Thesis Submitted In Partial Fulfillment Of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Arts Mei-Chuan Wang University of Northern Iowa August 2003 This Study by: Mei-Chuan Wang Entitled : Body Image, Eating Disturbance and Estrogen Levels across the Menstrual Cycle has been approved as meeting the thesis requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts Datr I . Catherine DeSoto, Chair, Thesis Committee Dr. Au ustine Osman, Thesis Committee
Behavioral attributes influence annual mating success more than morphological traits in male collared lizards

Traits that potentially influence mating success (MS) may be "static" with low lability once they develop or "dynamic" with highly modifiable expression. We used principal components (PCs) analyses of dynamic behavioral and morphological traits that are static over the short term to determine their relative contributions to the ability of territorial male collared lizards to acquire access to females and obtain high MS. We estimated annual MS of males as the relative frequency with which they engaged in courtship with reproductively active resident females. Three PCs explained statistically significant phenotypic variation among males. Morphological traits loaded significantly on 2 PCs that explained 26.3% and 13.0% of the variance, respectively, whereas behavioral variables loaded significantly on a different component that explained 15.7% of the variance in male traits. The frequency with which males initiated aggressive encounters with same-sex competitors did not load significantly on these PC axes. Males having behavioral PC scores above the mean had significantly higher MS than those with behavioral scores below the mean, whereas male MS was not related to component scores for either of the axes describing static morphological variables. Results indicate that in our population behavior patterns associated with advertisement, particularly to females, influence male MS more strongly than morphological traits or the initiation of direct aggression with same-sex competitors. Copyright 2007, Oxford University Press.
Gender-Specific Correlates of Alcohol Use Among College Students in Kerala, India

Background: Studies of alcohol use among college students in India have reported a male preponderance, but a recent large study suggested that alcohol use is increasing in young females. This increase in use among the young females is of concern as they experience poorer outcomes and a higher risk for addiction. Hence, we aimed to examine the gender-specific correlates of alcohol use among college students in the district of Ernakulum, Kerala. Methods: From 58 colleges, 5,784 students completed a self-administered questionnaire that assessed use of alcohol, use of tobacco and illicit drugs, psychological distress, suicidality, symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, and history of sexual abuse. Results: Of the questionnaires, 342 had incomplete responses and had to be discarded, and the rest (n = 5,442, 94.1%) were analyzed. lifetime alcohol use was reported by 39% males and 12.6% females. In the multivariable logistic regression analysis using a full model, male students using alcohol compared to male non-users were older, non-Muslim, had poor academic performance, and used other substances. Female users, compared to female non-users, were non-Muslim, had urban residence, used tobacco, and had higher psychological distress, higher suicidal thoughts, and higher lifetime exposure to sexual abuse. Conclusion: Gender-specific differences extend across sociodemographic and psychological domains. Incorporation of these may improve the effectiveness of public health strategies addressing alcohol use.
THE EFFECT OF NITROGEN AND PHOSPHORUS FERTILIZERS ON THE YIELD AND PROTEIN CONTENT OF SPRING WHEAT GROWN ON STUBBLE FIELDS IN SOUTHERN ALBERTA

Varying rates of nitrogen and phosphorus were applied to hard red spring wheat grown on stubble fields at three locations in southern Alberta in 1955 and 1956. Significant yield increases were obtained at the three locations in 1955 as a result of applications of nitrogen. At two of the three locations further increases in yield resulted from the addition of phosphorus. In 1956 significant yield increases were obtained at two of the three locations following nitrogen applications, and at only one of these locations did the addition of phosphorus result in further significant increases in yield. At two of the three locations in both 1955 and 1956 high rates of nitrogen fertilizer caused significant increases in protein content over the unfertilized check. Phosphorus additions significantly reduced the effect of nitrogen on the protein content at one location in one year, but had no consistent effect in the other experiments. The experimental results indicate that, when moisture is adequate, more than 40 lb.
The effect of substitution of inorganic zinc with proteinated or chelated zinc on broiler chick performance

SUMMARY An experiment was conducted to determine the responses of broiler chickens to the substitution of inorganic zinc with proteinated or chelated zinc products. A wheat-based commercial diet was formulated and supplemented with 0% zinc (control), zinc oxide at 100% the recommended rate (111 mg/kg), zinc oxide at 20% the recommended rate (22.2 mg/kg), zinc proteinate (88.8 mg/kg), and zinc chelate (160 mg/kg). These inclusion levels provided 0, 89, 18, 17, and 16 mg/kg of zinc respectively. Each dietary treatment was allocated to 60 birds in pens of 20 for 35 d. Live weight gain was lower for birds fed the control diet than for those fed all other diets in wk 1 and 2 of the experimental period, except for the zinc chelate diet in wk 2. Feed:gain and AME content were not significantly affected by diet treatment. It was concluded that the recommended rate of inclusion is in excess of bird requirements, and in the interests of economy and ecology, the quantities in diets should be close to requirements to minimize waste. No consistent benefits of proteinated or chelated minerals were observed in this study, and to fully evaluate these products, their degree of binding and solubility should be investigated.
The effect of habitat on methane emission from an alpine wetland.

Alpine wetland is a source for methane (CH(4)), an important greenhouse gas, but little is known about how this habitat influences the emission. To understand this wetland habitats were selected at the altitude of 3430 m a.s. l. (in National Wetland Nature Reserve of Zoige, Quingle - Tibetan Plateau) and the methane flux was measured with static chambers in three different sites, including hollows with Carex muliensis Hand - Mazz. and Eleocharis valleculosa Ohwi f. setosa (Ohwi) Kitagawa. , grass hummocks composed of Kobresia tibetica Maxim, Cremanthodium pleurocaule R. D. Good, Potentilla bifurca L. and Pedicularis sp. We have found that in alpine wetland these habitats significantly affect CH, emissions in the onset (April, 2006) and peak (August, 2005) stages of growing season. Hollows covered with Carex muliensis and Eleocharis valleculosa had higher values of emission than grass hummocks built by several grass species. Slight difference of CH(4) emission was found between two kinds of hollows with Carex muliensis and Eleocharis valleculosa. These results were consistent with the change of water table, which was found best correlated with CH(4) emissions (r(2) = 0.43, P <0.01) in the peak stage of growing season. Directly measured shoot biomass and plant heights were best related to CH(4) emissions (r(2) = 0.59, P <0.01). However, in the onset stage of growing season, variation of CH(4) emission may not be simply ascribed to changes in water table and vegetation structure.
Comparative digestibility experiments with growing pigs and adult sows

The digestive ability of growing pigs and large adult sows was compared in digestibility experiments with 26 foodstuffs and diets. In all cases, the sows showed superior digestibility of nutrients. On average, the sows digested 150 g more crude protein, 100 g more crude fat, 300 g more crude fibre per kg diet and proportionately 0·09 more gross energy than the young animals. The superior ability of the sows to digest gross energy was negatively correlated with the soluble carbohydrate and gross energy concentration of the food. A close linear relationship between digestibility in growing pigs and that in sows was found, making it possible to apply digestibility data for growing pigs in practical diet formulation for sows.
PAPER PRESENTED AT INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON INCREASING WHEAT YIELD POTENTIAL, CIMMYT, OBREGON, MEXICO, 20–24 MARCH 2006 Sink limitations to yield in wheat: how could it be reduced?

Further genetic gains in wheat yield are required to match expected increases in demand. This may require the identification of physiological attributes able to produce such improvement, as well as the genetic bases controlling those traits in order to facilitate their manipulation. In the present paper, a theoretical framework of source and sink limitation to wheat yield is presented and the fine-tuning of crop development as an alternative for increasing yield potential is discussed. Following a top-down approach, most crop physiologists have agreed that the main attribute explaining past genetic gains in yield was harvest index (HI). By virtue of previous success, no further gains may be expected in HI and an alternative must be found. Using a bottom-up approach, the present paper firstly provides evidence on the generalized sink-limited condition of grain growth, determining that for further increases in yield potential, sink strength during grain filling has to be increased. The focus should be on further increasing grain number per m2, through fine-tuning pre-anthesis developmental patterns. The phase of rapid spike growth period (RSGP) is critical for grain number determination and increasing spike growth during pre-anthesis would result in an increased number of grains. This might be achieved by lengthening the duration of the phase (though without altering flowering time), as there is genotypic variation in the proportion of pre-anthesis time elapsed either before or after the onset of the stem elongation phase. Photoperiod sensitivity during RSGP could be then used as a genetic tool to further increase grain number, since slower development results in smoother floret development and more floret primordia achieve the fertile floret stage, able to produce a grain. Far less progress has been achieved on the genetic control of this attribute. None of the well-known major Ppd alleles seems to be consistently responsible for RSGP sensitivity. Alternatives for identifying the genetic factors responsible for this sensitivity (e.g. quantitative trait locus (QTL) identification in mapping populations) are being considered.
Developmental and hyperthermia-induced expression of the heat shock proteins HSP60 and HSP70 in tissues of the housefly Musca domestica: an in vitro study

The expression pattern of two major chaperones, the heat shock proteins (HSPs) HSP60 and HSP70 was studied in vitro in tissues of the housefly Musca domestica during larval and adult stages of development to identify their immunological relatives and understand their functional significance in normal cellular activities and during thermal stress. Fluorographs of labeled polypeptides and western blots demonstrated that both HSPs are expressed constitutively and heat-induced in all the larval and adult cell types examined. The pattern of whole tissue immunocytochemical staining using anti-HSP60 and anti-HSP70 antibodies corresponded well with the observations from western blots or fluorographs. In developing oocytes, both constitutive and heat inducible expression of HSP60 were regulated in an oocyte stage-specific manner. In unstressed ovaries the expression of these proteins was less pronounced in early stage oocytes (1st - 8th) than at later stages (9th and onward). The heat shock, however, induced both HSP70 and HSP60 to a significantly high level in early stage oocytes (1st-8th) as compared to their respective controls. Our findings indicate the involvement of the HSP60 and HSP70 proteins in the development, growth and differentiation of both somatic and germ line tissues. Furthermore, the enhanced co-expression of HSP70 and HSP60 upon heat shock in various larval and adult cell types suggests the possible role of HSP60 in thermoprotection.
The effects of stock size and environmental variability on Cape hake recruitment in Namibia: an unsolved puzzle (a comment on Kainge et al. 2013)

Measuring and forecasting recruitment are central to the understanding and management of fish stocks. Kainge et al. (2013) studied the effect of spawning stock size and environmental fluctuations on the recruitment levels of the Cape hake Merluccius capensis in Namibia. However, their study contains some flaws that undermine the conclusion that Cape hake recruitment is under the influence of upwelling in summer. Until those flaws are properly addressed, this conclusion, in our view, should be treated with caution.
Effectiveness of Decompressive Hemicraniectomy to Treat a Life-Threatening Cerebral Fat Embolism

Background and Importance Cerebral fat embolism (CFE) occurs mainly after long-bone fractures. Often reducing to minor neurological disorders as confusion, it can sometimes cause more severe consequences such as coma or even death. While CFE has been described for several years, there is no consensual treatment. Clinical Presentation We report the case of a 15-year-old girl with a severe cerebral fat embolism secondary to a longboard fall with a femur fracture. She developed in less than 4 hours a coma. On day 4, she lost her brainstem reflexes with a clinical condition close to brain death, with a very high intracranial pressure (ICP) value above 75 mmgH at worst. She was treated as having a trauma brain injury based on ICP control with a decompressive hemicraniectomy. She recovered in some weeks, allowing discharge to a post ICU rehabilitation center, one month after admission. Conclusion We report a severe case of cerebral fat embolism with good outcome. It was managed as a trauma brain injury. We emphasize the neurological management based on ICP and discuss the position of hemicraniectomy.
Ucinet IV

This is to let you know that a test version of the UCINET IV network analysis package, by Borgatti, Everett and Freeman, is now available for $25 plus shipping. Buying a copy of the test version entitles you to a $25 credit toward the production version. The advantage ofbuying now is that you get immediate use of 90% of the programs, and an opportunity to suggest changes or additions while we are still flexible.
Articles

can be applied to determine whether the particular variables of interest can be expressed in intrinsic metric terms, using the pattern of the observed joint distribution of variables in a cross-classification table as evidence pertaining to the possible intrinsic metric character of the variables. These methods are related to, but differ from, methods developed (1) in L. Guttman’s approach to scale analysis, (2) in P. F. Lazarsfeld’s approach to latent-class
MICROSCOPIC CONSIDERATIONS: THE MOTIONS OF INDIVIDUAL PARTICLES *

This paper is concerned with the events occurring at the blood-vessel wall interface and how they are affected by the flow patterns and fluid mechanical stresses existing in the circulation and in artificial organs. It seeks to understand the phenomena at the level of the individual corpuscle and surrounding plasma because it is at the microscopic level that the processes of thrombosis and hemostasis begin. However, the cellular and fluid motions within the blood are rather complex, since there are millions of red cells suspended in every p1 of plasma, and these continually interact with each other during flow. Thus, any attempt to give a quantitative description of the mechanics of the flow becomes very difficult. Nevertheless, it has proved possible, by observing particle and suspcnding fluid motion through a microscope in the interior of red cell suspensions, to obtain an understanding of the overall flow behavior of the system. This microrheological approach to the problem of suspension flow has been described previously, both in model systems I-:$ and in suspensions of red cells.3--" In the present context interest centers on the interactions between the erythrocytes, which constitute 99% by volume of the cellular phase in whole blood, and how these affect the paths of the far less numerous platelets, especially those close to the vessel wall. In addition, the paper will deal with blood cell behavior in a region of separated flow where a vortex exists. There is considerable evidence that bifurcations, T-branches, bends, and changes in vessel diameter in the arterial circulation, where flow separation can occur, are associated with the formation of early atheroma and that subsequent interactions of blood cells with the altered vessel wall can result in the adhesion of platelets and platelet aggregates. The work represents a series of in vifro studies in which human red cell and platelet suspensions were subjected to steady or pulsatile flow in rigid glass tubes of diameters from 60 to 1000 prn. '-G The technique involves observing and photographing individual cells and other small model particles through a highpower microscope and tracking them in the flow by mechanically or hydraulically moving a stage on which the flow tube and infusion syringe are mounted. :3-5 The principle of the method is illustrated in FIGURE 1. In the case of red cells, these in vitro studies have demonstrated the rotation, deformation, and inward radial migration of the corpuscles, phenomena that are essentially similar to those observed in high-speed cine microphotometric studies of living
Immunophenotypic characterisation of morphologically diagnosed cases of Acute Myeloid Leukaemia (AML)

Objective: To determine immunophenotypic pattern in newly diagnosed cases of acute myeloid leukaemia by flow cytometry and its correlation with morphological findings. Methods: This study was conducted at Haematology (Pathology) department, Army Medical College, in collaboration with Immunology Department Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, Rawalpindi from 16 November 2016 to 16 November 2017. One hundred and six patients of both genders and all age groups diagnosed as acute myeloid leukaemia were included in the study. Demographic data was noted. Complete blood counts, bone marrow examination and cytochemical stains were carried out and evaluated microscopically for blast percentage and morphology. Immunophenotyping was performed by flow cytometry using standard panel on peripheral blood or bone marrow samples. The surface and cytoplasmic antigens of interest were analysed and correlated with morphological findings. Results: The most commonly expressed antigens were CD13, CD33, CD45 and HLA-DR. Almost all blasts expressed CD45 with no remarkable difference among the subtypes of AML. The mean positivity for CD13 among all AML subtypes was 57% and for CD33 was 67%. Aberrant expression of CD7 and CD19 were expressed in 26.4% and 1.1% of all cases respectively. There was concordance rate of 90% between morphology and FCM in our study. Conclusion: Flow cytometric analysis of acute leukaemia done by a combination of patterns and intensity of antigen expression improves diagnostic yield in AML. CD13, CD33 and CD45 are the most frequently expressed antigens in AML. Our findings suggest a 90% concordance between morphology and flow cytometry. It is pertinent to conclude that flow cytometry results interpreted with morphology are complementary.