Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Flux density variations of radio sources in M82 over the last three decades

This paper presents the results of the 2009-2010 monitoring sessions of the starburst galaxy M82, obtained with the Multi-Element Radio-Linked Interferometer Network (MERLIN) at 5GHz and e-MERLIN at 6GHz. Combining several 5GHz MERLIN epochs to form a map with 33.0 uJy/bm noise level, 52 discrete sources, mostly supernova remnants and HII regions, are identified. These include three objects which were not detected in the 2002 5GHz MERLIN monitoring session: supernova SN2008iz, the transient source 43.78+59.3, and a new supernova remnant shell. Flux density variations, in the long (1981 to 2010), medium (2002 to 2010) and short (2009 to 2010) term, are investigated. We find that flux densities of SNRs in M82 stay constant in most of the sample (~95%). In addition, aside from SN2008iz and the well-known variable source 41.95+57.5, two sources display short and medium term variations over the period 2009-2010. These sources being among the most compact SNR in M82, these flux density variations could be due to changes in the circumstellar and interstellar medium in which the shocks travel.
Principals' Perceptions of Online Teaching and Learning in School After the Outbreak of the Pandemic

The current study aims to analyse school leaders' understanding and expectation of, and support for, online teaching and learning during and after the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic. Based on the theory of reasoned action (TRA) framework, the authors designed a questionnaire and collected 319 responses from school principals about their views on online teaching and learning. Structural equation modelling revealed that principals' understanding was significantly associated with their expectations and support. Together with a thematic analysis, this study indicated that school principals understood online teaching and learning. The most expected item was students' ownership and access to a suitable device for online learning. Principals were willing to support students' self-regulated learning through online teaching. They appealed for more support for the infrastructure needed to ensure teachers' and students' privacy and security in online teaching and learning. They had suggestions for teacher development to tackle learner diversity in the online mode.
Convergence of an Euler discretisation scheme for the Heston stochastic-local volatility model with CIR interest rates

We consider the Heston-CIR stochastic-local volatility model in the context of foreign exchange markets, which contains both a stochastic and a local volatility component for the exchange rate combined with the Cox-Ingersoll-Ross dynamics for the domestic and foreign interest rates. We study a full truncation scheme for simulating the stochastic volatility component and the two interest rates and derive the exponential integrability of full truncation Euler approximations for the square root process. Under a full correlation structure and a realistic set of assumptions on the so-called leverage function, we prove strong convergence of the exchange rate approximations and then deduce the convergence of Monte Carlo estimators for a number of vanilla and path-dependent options.
Interrelated values between Bhineka Tunggal Ika and religious moderation to strengthen pluralism in Indonesia

Along this times, motto or watchword is no longer interpreted as values that must be transmitted. This condition also causes polarization in society. The purpose of this research is to identify and elaborate the values contained in Bhinneka Tunggal Ika and Religious Moderation to strengthen conception and practices of pluralism in Indonesia. This research used qualitative approach with a case study method. Data collection were performed by Focus Group Discussion (FGD) with experts in fields of multicultural education, historian and philologist. Based on results, interrelated values between Bhinneka Tunggal Ika and religious moderation are togetherness, justice, respect and harmony. Researchers also found several interpretations by this research on findings and discussion, i.e 1) Religious moderation teaches how to respond the differences, this is accordance with the principle of unity within diversity in Bhinneka Tunggal Ika; 2) Justice can realized not only when we act in an equality, but also when we are able to live coexistence where there is no envy of each other; 3) Conception of respect and empathy is a national commitment and part of togetherness value in Bhinneka Tunggal Ika; 4) Public empathy as an encouragement from collective awareness and also a sense of togetherness is several background for embodiment of behavior in implementation Bhinneka Tunggal Ika and religious moderation. From these values, step to put forward are mainstreaming of justice principle and recognition of different entities to strengthen pluralism in Indonesia both in education and wider community.
Rhinovirus-induced anti-viral interferon secretion is not deficient and not delayed in sinonasal epithelial cells of patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyp

Dysregulated innate and adaptive immune response to rhinoviral infection plays an important role in the exacerbation or progressive course of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). However, few studies have evaluated whether rhinovirus-induced production of anti-viral interferon is deficient or delayed in inflammatory epithelial cells of patients with CRS with nasal polyps. The aim of the present study is to investigate the replication rates of rhinovirus 16 (RV 16), RV16-induced antiviral interferon secretion, and the expression levels of pattern recognition receptors after RV 16 infection or TLR3 stimulation with poly (I: C) in normal and inflammatory epithelial cells. Inflammatory epithelial cells were obtained from CRS patients with nasal polyps and normal epithelial cells were derived from ethmoid sinus mucosa during endoscopic reduction of blowout fracture or uncinate process mucosa of patients with septal deviation. Cultured cells were infected with RV 16 or treated with poly (I: C) for 24, 48, and 72 h. Cells and media were harvested at each time point and used to evaluate RV16 replication rates, the secretion of IFN-β, -λ1, -λ2, viperin, Mx, and OAS, and the expression levels of TRL3, RIG-I, MDA5, phospho-NFκB, and phospho-IRF3. RV replication rates reached peak levels 48 h after inoculation in both normal and inflammatory epithelial cells and showed no difference between both groups of epithelial cells at any time point. The release of IFN-β, -λ1, and -λ2 in normal and inflammatory epithelial cells was also strongly induced 48 h after RV16 inoculation but reached peak levels 24 h after poly (I: C) treatment. The expression levels of viperin, Mx, OAS, TLR3, RIG-I, MDA5, phospho-NFκB, and phospho-IRF3 showed similar patterns in both groups of epithelial cells. These results suggest that the production of RV16-induced antiviral interferons is not deficient or delayed in inflammatory epithelial cells from CRS patients with nasal polyps.
Accuracy of complete-arch implant digital scans: effect of scanning protocol, number of implants and scan body splinting.

PURPOSE To determine the effects of scanning protocol, number of implants, and implant splinting on the accuracy of digital scanning in the edentulous arch. MATERIALS AND METHODS A resin-based model of an edentulous mandible with six implants was scanned with a coordinate measurement machine as a reference and then with two intraoral scanner (IOS) systems (TRIOS 3 and Primescan). Ten scans were taken per IOS in three experiments, and each scan was compared to the reference to evaluate trueness and precision. Analysis involved using engineering software (GOM Inspect) to measure linear and angular discrepancies. In experiment 1, three scanning protocols were compared (linear, zigzag, and half-arch). In experiment 2, three clinical situations were simulated. In experiment 3, the effect of implant splinting with a suture thread was measured. Normal distribution of data was examined with Shapiro-Wilk test. Levene test was used for equality of variance (αα = .05). Statistical differences in distance and angular deviations were analyzed by Student t test or ANOVA with post hoc Tukey test (α = .05). RESULTS The best results in terms of trueness and precision were obtained with a linear scanning protocol and six implants: TRIOS 3 = trueness 52 µm/0.42 degrees, precision 40 µm/0.26 degrees; and Primescan = trueness 24 µm/0.28 degrees, precision 18 μm/0.27 degrees. The scanning protocol did not significantly affect distance or angular deviation accuracy. Trueness and precision significantly decreased with four implants using both Primescan and TRIOS 3. Splinting implants negatively affected accuracy with both scanners. CONCLUSION Both IOS systems achieved clinically satisfying accuracy in distance (< 100 μm) and angular (< 0.5 degrees) deviation with six implants and a linear scanning protocol. With four implants, angular deviations sometimes differed between implants within the same digital scan depending on the IOS and the clinical situation.
Joint Effect of Diabetes Mellitus and Hypertension on COVID-19 in-Hospital Mortality Stratified by Age Group and Other Comorbidities: A Cohort Retrospective Study Using Hospital-Based Data in Sleman, Yogyakarta

The joint effect of diabetes mellitus and hypertension on COVID-19 has rarely been evaluated but had potential as a major risk factor. This study aims to investigate the joint effect between diabetes mellitus and hypertension on in-hospital mortality among COVID-19 patients in Yogyakarta stratified by age groups and other comorbidities status. Methods: This cohort retrospective study collected data from two major hospitals in the Sleman district and a total of 2779 hospitalized COVID-19 patients were included in this study. The study outcome was COVID-19 in-hospital mortality (deceased or discharged alive) and the main risk factors were diabetes mellitus (DM) and hypertension (HT). The multiple logistic regression model was utilized to estimate adjusted odds ratio (AOR) and calculate the joint effect. Results: COVID-19 patients who have both DM and hypertension were three times (AOR: 3.21; 95% CI: 2.45–4.19) more likely to have in-hospital mortality than those without both comorbidities. The highest risk of in-hospital mortality was found in COVID-19 patients without other comorbidities (other than DM and HT) and younger age (age 0–40 years), with AOR equal to 22.40 (95% CI: 6.61–75.99). Conclusions: This study identified a joint effect between diabetes mellitus and hypertension which increases the risk of in-hospital mortality among COVID-19 patients. Targeted public health, clinical, and health education intervention should be carried out on individuals with diabetes mellitus and/or hypertension.
Resolution of atlanto-occipital cyst with conservative management: A case report and review of the literature

Background: Spinal synovial cysts are cystic dilatations of synovial sheaths that extrude into the spinal canal. Despite their generally benign behavior, they can cause severe symptoms due to compression of neural structures. They are most commonly found in the lumbar spine and are rare in the cervical region, especially at the atlanto-occipital junction. Case Description: A 65-year-old presented with neck pain and headaches. The magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed a degenerative cyst within the anterior foramen magnum causing anterior spinal cord and brainstem compression. Multiple surgical treatment options were discussed, and he was prescribed methylprednisolone and immobilization of his cervical spine with a rigid collar. One month later, the patient reported dramatic improvement of his symptoms, and no surgery was performed. One year later, his pain had remained much improved with the continued use of the collar and pain management (i.e., using anti-inflammatories and muscle relaxants). The 1-year follow-up MRI showed the atlanto-occipital cyst compressing the cervicomedullary junction had completely resolved along with the brainstem compression. Conclusion: A 65-year-old presented with myelopathy attributed to a large anterior foramen magnum atlanto-occipital cyst compressing the cord. Conservative management for 1 month with a rigid cervical collar and steroids resulted in marked neurological improvement; at 1 year follow-up, the patient was markedly improved with an MR that demonstrated spontaneous cyst regression.
Squalamines in Blockade of Tumor-Associated Angiogenesis and Cancer Progression

Simple Summary Despite the many ongoing advances in cancer prevention, diagnosis and clinical management, global mortality from human cancers remains at high levels. Notably, more effective treatment of many cancers is advancing due to introduction of novel biologic therapies targeted to tumor signaling and immunologic pathways. Tumor growth is dependent on a sustained blood supply of nutrients and oxygen, and this process termed tumor-associated angiogenesis (TAA) has prognostic and therapeutic importance in several human malignancies. This review addresses use of squalamines to stop tumor growth. This naturally occurring compound can inhibit angiogenesis in tumors thereby reducing malignant progression in preclinical studies and in early clinical trials. Abstract Mechanisms of action of squalamine in human vascular endothelial cells indicate that this compound attaches to cell membranes, potentially interacting with calmodulin, Na+/H+ exchanger isoform NHE3 and other signaling pathways involved in the angiogenic process. Thus, squalamine elicits blockade of VEGF-induced endothelial tube-like formation in vitro. Further, squalamine reduces growth of several preclinical models of human cancers in vivo and acts to stop metastatic tumor spread, actions due largely to blockade of angiogenesis induced by the tumor and tumor microenvironment. Squalamine in Phase I/II trials, alone or combined with standard care, shows promising antitumor activity with limited side-effects in patients with advanced solid cancers. Increased attention on squalamine regulation of signaling pathways with or without combination treatments in solid malignancies deserves further study.
Presentation of homotopy types under a space

We compare the structure of a mapping cone in the category Top^D of spaces under a space D with differentials in algebraic models like crossed complexes and quadratic complexes. Several subcategories of Top^D are identified with algebraic categories. As an application we show that there are exactly 16 essential self--maps of S^2 x S^2 fixing the diagonal.
Constraints on flat cosmologies with tracking quintessence from cosmic microwave background observations

We constrain cosmological parameters in flat cosmologies with tracking dark energy (or quintessence) using the existing data on cosmic microwave background (CMB) anisotropies. We perform a maximum likelihood analysis using combined data from COBE-DMR, BOOMERanG, DASI and MAXIMA, obtaining estimates for the dark energy density ${\ensuremath{\Omega}}_{Q}$ and equation of state ${w}_{Q},$ the physical baryon density ${\ensuremath{\Omega}}_{b}{h}^{2},$ the scalar perturbation spectral index ${n}_{S},$ the ratio R between the tensor and scalar perturbation amplitude (or the tensor spectral index ${n}_{T}). $ Dark energy is found to be the dominant cosmological component ${\ensuremath{\Omega}}_{Q}{=0.71}_{\ensuremath{-}0.04}^{+0.05},$ with an equation of state ${w}_{Q}=\ensuremath{-}{0.82}_{\ensuremath{-}0.11}^{+0.14}$ $(68%$ C.L.). Our best fit value of the physical baryon density is in good agreement with the primordial nucleosynthesis bound. We find no significant evidence for deviations from scale invariance, although a scalar spectral index slightly smaller than unity is marginally preferred. Finally, we find that the contribution of cosmological gravitational waves is negligible. These results confirm that quintessence is slightly preferred with respect to ordinary cosmological constant by the present CMB data.
Modeling the Structure and Dynamics of Dwarf Spheroidal Galaxies with Dark Matter and Tides

We report the results of N-body simulations of disrupting satellites aimed at exploring whether the observed features of dSphs can be accounted for with simple, mass-follows-light (MFL) models including tidal disruption. As a test case, we focus on the Carina dwarf spheroidal (dSph), which presently is the dSph system with the most extensive data at large radius. We find that previous N-body, MFL simulations of dSphs did not sufficiently explore the parameter space of satellite mass, density, and orbital shape to find adequate matches to Galactic dSph systems, whereas with a systematic survey of parameter space we are able to find tidally disrupting, MFL satellite models that rather faithfully reproduce Carina's velocity profile, velocity dispersion profile, and projected density distribution over its entire sampled radius. The successful MFL model satellites have very eccentric orbits, currently favored by CDM models, and central velocity dispersions that still yield an accurate representation of the bound mass and observed central M/L ∼ 40 of Carina, despite inflation of the velocity dispersion outside the dSph core by unbound debris. Our survey of parameter space also allows us to address a number of commonly held misperceptions of tidal disruption and its observable effects on dSph structure and dynamics. The simulations suggest that even modest tidal disruption can have a profound effect on the observed dynamics of dSph stars at large radii. Satellites that are well described by tidally disrupting MFL models could still be fully compatible with ΛCDM if, for example, they represent a later stage in the evolution of luminous subhalos.
Where is the warm H2? A search for H2 emission from disks around Herbig Ae/Be stars

Context. Mid-infrared (mid-IR) emission lines of molecular hydrogen (H2) are useful probes to determine the mass of warm gas present in the surface layers of circumstellar disks. In the past years, numerous observations of Herbig Ae/Be stars (HAeBes) have been performed, but only two detections of H2 mid-IR emission toward HD 97048 and AB Aur have been reported. Aims. We aim at tracing the warm gas in the circumstellar environment of five additional HAeBes with gas-rich environments and/or physical characteristics close to those of AB Aur and/or HD 97048, to discuss whether the detections toward these two objects are suggestive of peculiar conditions for the observed gas. Methods. We search for the H2 S(1) emission line at 17.035 μm using high-resolution mid-IR spectra obtained with VLT/VISIR, and complemented by CH molecule observations with VLT/UVES. We gather the H2 measurements from the literature to put the new results in context and search for a correlation with some disk properties. Results. None of the five VISIR targets shows evidence for H2 emission at 17.035 μm. From the 3σ upper limits on the integrated line fluxes we constrain the amount of optically thin warm (>150 K) gas to be less than ∼1.4 MJup in the disk surface layers. There are now 20 HAeBes observed with VISIR and TEXES instruments to search for warm H2, but only two detections (HD 97048 and AB Aur) were made so far. We find that the two stars with detected warm H2 show at the same time high 30/13 μm flux ratios and large PAH line fluxes at 8.6 and 11.3 μm compared to the bulk of observed HAeBes and have emission CO lines detected at 4.7 μm. We detect the CH 4300.3 A absorption line toward both HD 97048 and AB Aur with UVES . T he CH to H 2 abundance ratios that this would imply if it were to arise from the same component as well as the radial velocity of the CH lines both suggest that CH arises from a surrounding envelope, while the detected H2 would reside in the disk. Conclusions. The two detections of the S(1) line in the disks of HD 97048 and AB Aur suggest either peculiar physical conditions or a particular stage of evolution. New instruments such as Herschel / PACS should bring significant new data for the constraints of thermodynamics in young disks by observing the gas and the dust simultaneously.
Generalized Markov approximations from information theory and consequences for prediction

Auf der Grundlage von Informationstheorie und Statistik werden neue Kriterien zur Rechtfertigung von Markov Approximationen entwickelt. Bei Konditionierung ignorierter Memory und der statistische Fehler der Redundanz werden miteinander in Beziehung gesetzt, um optimale Konditionierungen im Sinne verallgemeinerter Markov Approximationen zu erhalten. Die eingefuhrten Kriterien werden mit verschiedenen Beispieldynamiken wie autoregressiven Prozesssen, verallgemeinerter Henon Dynamik und Mackey-Glass Dynamik erfolgreich uberpruft. Mit auflosungsabhangigen Vorhersagefehlern wird verifiziert, dass die neue Art der Modellselektion verbesserte Vorhersagen liefert. Als Anwendung wird die Vorhersage von Windgeschwindigkeiten durchgefuhrt und die dabei auftretenden Probleme werden analysiert. Im Rahmen der verallgemeinerten Markov Approximationen wird eine neue Methode zur verbesserten Schatzung der Kolmogorov-Sinai Entropie vorgeschlagen. Die Einfuhrung einer neuen Notation fur Entropien in der Zeitreihenanalyse, welche den Zugang zum verallgemeinerten Kriterium erst ermoglicht, erlaubt eine vereinheitlichte Beschreibung von verschiedenen Situationen der Modellierung und Vorhersage wie z.B. willkurliche Auslassungen von Zeitschritten in Konditionierungen, Downsampling und variable Zukunftsvorhersagezeiten. Eine nicht weit verbreitete Verallgemeinerung der Grosse 'Mutual Information' von zwei auf mehrere Zufallsvariablen wird in der Gemeinschaft der Zeitreihenanalytiker bekannt gemacht. Mit dieser Grosse werden in Vorhersagesituationen Umverteilungen von Informationen zur Zukunft korrespondierender Zufallsvariabler unter willkurlicher Auslassung konditionierender Zeitschritte der Vergangenheit aus elementaren Konstituenten analytisch berechenbar. Eine zeitkontinuierliche Version der Theorie der Entropien und Entropie-Raten wird vorgestellt, mit der sich eine neue Unterscheidungsmoglichkeit von Chaos undStochastizitat eroffnet. Im Fall deterministischer Dynamik konnen obere Schranken von Unsicherheiten fur den Limes unendlich hoher Sampling-Raten bestimmt werden. Die Dimension und die Kolmogorov-Sinai Entropie einer Dynamik konnen in einem einzigen 3D-Graphen abgelesen werden. Es werden die fur diese Arbeit relevanten Grundlagen der stochastischen Prozesse, Informationstheorie, Vorhersage und Hydrodynamik prasentiert.
Neuroprotective Effects of gH625-lipoPACAP in an In Vitro Fluid Dynamic Model of Parkinson’s Disease

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is an aggressive and devastating age-related disorder. Although the causes are still unclear, several factors, including genetic and environmental, are involved. Except for symptomatic drugs, there are not, to date, any real cures for PD. For this purpose, it is necessary develop a model to better study this disease. Neuroblastoma cell line, SH-SY5Y, differentiated with retinoic acid represents a good in vitro model to explore PD, since it maintains growth cells to differentiated neurons. In the present study, SH-SY5Y cells were treated with 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+), a neurotoxin that induces Parkinsonism, and the neuroprotective effects of pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP), delivered by functionalized liposomes in a blood–brain barrier fluid dynamic model, were evaluated. We demonstrated PACAP neuroprotective effects when delivered by gH625-liposome on MPP+-damaged SH-SY5Y spheroids.