Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Veni, vidi, vici? On the rise of scrape‐and‐report scholarship in online reviews research

JASIST has in recent years received many submissions reporting data analytics based on “Big Data” of online reviews scraped from various platforms. By outlining major issues in this type of scape‐and‐report scholarship and providing a set of recommendations, this essay encourages online reviews researchers to look at Big Data with a critical eye and treat online reviews as a sociotechnical “thing” produced within the fabric of sociomaterial life.
Sur la théorie ergodique

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Leader airtime management and team effectiveness in emergency management command and control (EMCC) teams

Abstract We investigated the relation between leader airtime management and team effectiveness in Emergency Management Command and Control (EMCC) teams. Leader airtime management concerns leaders’ interventions to structure who shares information when using opening and closing statements to respectively stimulate or reduce information sharing. We coded leaders’ airtime management statements across different meeting phases (structuring, information sharing, decision making) using video-recordings of 12 EMCC exercises involving two consecutive meetings each. Experts rated two components of team effectiveness: Team Situation Awareness (TSA) and Team Decision Making (TDM). We found that closing statements were more frequently used in the decision-making phase than in any other meeting phase. Also, leaders of teams with lower TSA used more opening statements in the decision-making phase of the first team meeting than leaders of teams with higher TSA. These results confirm the importance of the timing of leader airtime management for EMCC team effectiveness. Practitioner summary: We investigated leader airtime management and team effectiveness in EMCC teams. We video-coded 12 exercises; experts rated team effectiveness. In the decision-making phase, leaders use more closing statements, and leaders of less effective teams use more opening statements. Leaders are advised to adjust their airtime management to meeting phases.
Can our life resources support successful aging?

The projections showing trends towards increased ageing of the populations and the resulting challenges to the welfare system, health care or economy have led to a great number of publications exploring possible ways to prevent cognitive decline in late life. Successful ageing, in accordance with the definition of the term, is reflected by cognitive, motor and social capacities maintained at a level incommensurate with normal aging. Attempts to explain this aging pattern refer to the so-called cognitive reserve. The concept relates to the resources acquired from early childhood through education or activity in various domains of life. These resources help maintain and compensate for age-related cognitive deficits. The article discusses the role of various components in the process of building the reserve, the relationship between the reserve and neurobiological factors, and some disputable issues.
Drops of Capillary Blood Are Not Appropriate for Hemoglobin Measurement with Point-of-Care Devices: A Comparative Study Using Drop Capillary, Pooled Capillary, and Venous Blood Samples

Population-based surveys matched by time but using different methodologies for determining hemoglobin (Hb) concentration have shown inconsistencies in estimating anemia prevalence. This study aimed to estimate measurement errors in Hb quantification in HemoCue 201+ using venous blood (VB) and capillary blood both drops (DCB) and pools (PCB), and compare the results against those of a reference method (VB analyzed in hematology analyzers based on the cyanmethemoglobin method). Children (n = 49), adult females (n = 50), and older adults (n = 50) were randomly allocated to donate VB (4 mL) and either DCB (three drops) or PCB (350 µL). Results in HemoCue were analyzed through Bland Altman and Lyn’s concordance against Hb concentration by the reference method. A positive average bias (systematic error) was found for the HemoCue (0.31 g/dL) using the same VB samples. This value was then subtracted from all readings carried out in the device. After this adjustment, DCB still produced a positive bias (0.42 ± 0.81 g/dL), and the variation of single results was ±1.6 g/dL (95% CI). PCB and VB performed similarly; the average bias was negligible (−0.02 ± 0.36 and 0.00 ± 0.33 g/dL, respectively) and the variation of the results (95% CI) was ±0.7 g/dL or lower. Lyn’s concordance values were 0.86, 0.96, and 0.98 for DCB, PCB, and VB, respectively. Random variation using DCB is too large to approximate the true Hb values, and therefore DCB should be discontinued for diagnosing anemia both in individuals and in populations.
Optical Rotation—A Reliable Parameter for Authentication of Honey?

The controversial question of whether optical rotation data can be used to distinguish floral from honeydew honey was investigated. Specific optical rotation angles were determined for 41 honey samples, including floral, honeydew, and adulterated honey, indicating that moderate to high positive optical rotation angles were found for all adulterated samples measured. A strong correlation between the sugar profile and the specific optical rotation angle of honey was confirmed, and a method based on 13C NMR metabolomics was proposed to calculate specific optical rotation angles with good correlation with the experimental values. The results indicate that optical rotation is not a reliable method for distinguishing the origin of honey but could indicate adulteration.
Plants’ bioactive secondary metabolites in the management of sepsis: Recent findings on their mechanism of action

Sepsis is a severe inflammatory response to systemic infection and is a threatening cause of death in intensive care units. In recent years, a number of studies have been conducted on the protective effect of natural products against sepsis-induced organ injury. However, a comprehensive review of these studies indicating the mechanisms of action of the bioactive compounds is still lacking. In this context, this review aimed to provide an updated analysis of the mechanism of action of plants’ secondary metabolites in the management of sepsis. Scopus, Science Direct, Google Scholar, and PubMed were searched from inception to July 2022. A variety of secondary metabolites were found to be effective in sepsis management including allicin, aloin, cepharanthine, chrysin, curcumin, cyanidin, gallic acid, gingerol, ginsenoside, glycyrrhizin, hesperidin, kaempferol, narciclasine, naringenin, naringin, piperine, quercetin, resveratrol, rosmarinic acid, shogaol, silymarin, sulforaphane, thymoquinone, umbelliferone, and zingerone. The protective effects exerted by these compounds can be ascribed to their antioxidant properties as well as induction of endogenous antioxidant mechanisms, and also via the downregulation of inflammatory response and reduction of biochemical and inflammatory markers of sepsis. These findings suggest that these secondary metabolites could be of potential therapeutic value in the management of sepsis, but human studies must be performed to provide strength to their potential clinical relevance in sepsis-related morbidity and mortality reduction.
MIPAS IMK/IAA version 8 retrieval of nitric oxide and lower thermospheric temperature

thermospheric temperature Bernd Funke1, Maya García-Comas1, Norbert Glatthor2, Udo Grabowski2, Sylvia Kellmann2, Michael Kiefer2, Andrea Linden2, Manuel López-Puertas1, Gabriele P. Stiller2, and Thomas von Clarmann2 1Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía, CSIC, Spain 2Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research, Karlsruhe, Germany Correspondence: Bernd Funke (bernd@iaa.es)
Soil moisture estimates over sporadically flooded farmlands: synergies and biases of remote sensing and in situ sources

ABSTRACT Soil moisture plays a key role in hydrological processes in ecosystems and regulates water and energy exchanges between the surface and the atmosphere. Global coverage of surface soil moisture (SSM) satellite estimates makes them a fundamental source of information, while the validation of these estimates is usually based on in situ measurements, ideally from networks that cover areas similar to the satellite data resolution. However, as we expose in this study, both SSM data sources face challenges over extremely flat regions with large SSM variability. A homogenous farming region in the subhumid Pampas of Argentina, characterized by a large interannual rainfall variability as well as a marked annual cycle of rainfall and cropping, was taken as a case study. The region is almost devoid of irrigation and drainage infrastructure, is subject to large episodic flood and waterlogging events and holds an in situ network belonging to the Argentinean National Commission for Space Activities. This in situ network was set to evaluate the soil moisture estimated by satellite missions, such as SMAP and SAOCOM. However, several of these sites have been placed close to homesteads in a more uniform perennial vegetation than the prevailing seasonal crop. In this work, we examine how this placement bias influences SSM dynamics and its interpretation. We find that in situ data fails to capture the large seasonal and daily SSM variability caused by the cropping dynamics as well as the situation of waterlogging. As for the satellite SSM estimates, provided by the SMOS and SMAP missions in this study, while they capture the impact of cropping on SSM, data gaps can hinder robust statistical analysis. During periods of waterlogging, SSM values can lie outside the dynamic range considered valid by satellite missions, and thus are usually removed by users, creating ‘blind spots’ for high soil water content stages in flood-prone lands. Our study underlines the importance of using multiple sources of information to interpret the hydrological status, including data from in situ measurements and remote sensing estimations of SSM as well as, when available, locally collected information such as reports from national, sub-national and private agro-industrial agencies.
Energy and critical current considerations of Bi(2223)/Ag coils for micro-superconducting magnetic energy storage: influence of operating temperature and winding geometry within the same overall tape length

A detailed theoretical qualitative, as well as quantitative, analysis of the influence of the dimensions of Bi(2223)/Ag based cylindrical magnets on the energy stored in the magnet's winding was performed for various operating temperatures. The results achieved can be used to consider the potential suitability of the high-temperature superconductivity magnets for the purposes of micro-superconducting magnetic energy storage applications. A mathematical model which enables one to calculate the values of basic parameters, such as the critical current and stored energy of cylindrical magnets consisting of the set of Bi(2223)/Ag pancake coils, was developed with respect to the real distribution of the magnetic field in the winding and the angular dependence (anisotropy) of the Ic(B) characteristic of the tape. An example of a detailed analysis of the influence of the winding geometry, which is changed within the same overall length of 1, 2 and 5 km of the multifilamentary Bi(2223)/Ag tape, was performed at the temperatures of 77, 65 and 4.2 K. The most interesting and important result achieved is that the geometry of the winding that corresponds to the maximum stored energy differs according to the temperature. The disc-shaped magnets, which consist of a very low number of pancake coils, are the most suitable solution at 77 and 65 K. Simultaneously, the value of the stored energy is practically independent of the bore diameter of the magnet. On the other hand, when looking for the optimum winding geometry at 4.2 K, the magnets with the smallest bore diameter are more suitable, while the value of the energy stored does not depend on the number of pancake coils.
Consecutive DInSAR and well based on the law of material conservation between land surface pressure and ground water to observe land subsidence

Abstract The concern about the recurrence of land subsidence has arisen in Japan with urban development and new groundwater use. Land subsidence observation well has been utilized for monitoring the subsidence, but due to the recent aging of facilities and equipment, remote sensing technology is attracting attention. This paper seeks to assess the substitutability of Consecutive DInSAR with the land subsidence observation well. To investigate the subsidence in Kanagawa prefecture, Sentinel 1 images from August 2017 to March 2022 were analyzed by SARPROZ software based on Consecutive DInSAR, Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS), and land subsidence observation well methods. Moreover, we assessed the new calculation model between land surface pressure and ground water called the law of material conservation to estimate land subsidence. The results revealed that the Consecutive DInSAR results agreed with the land subsidence observation well data, indicating the possibility of future substitution.
A Complete Sustained Response of Advanced Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer After Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor, Radiotherapy, and Chemotherapy

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. The treatment of advanced lung cancer is improving with the development of new treatments like immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) and various molecular targeted agents, which have extended overall survival (OS). However, complete remissions remain rare. The efficacy of chemotherapy is modest, which makes a complete sustained response very unlikely, especially when compared with more recent options. In this article, we report a stage IV non-small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) that achieved a complete response in 2018 with chemotherapy (cisplatin and paclitaxel) after pembrolizumab and after the patient had received radiotherapy for superior vena cava syndrome (SVCS). The patient remains in complete response as of October 2022. We hypothesized that the overlap between circulating anti-PD-1, radiotherapy, and cytotoxic agents could explain this outcome.
Risk Analysis as a Factor Affecting the Performance of Sharia Commercial Banks

Purpose: This study aims to analyze the factors that influence the performance of sharia commercial banks by using Return on Assets (ROA) and Return on Equity (ROE) as dependent variables. The independent variables used are Non-Performing Financing (NPF), Financing to Deposit Ratio (FDR), profit-sharing financing and derivative liabilities which are proxies of risk analysis. The sample used is 63 sharia commercial bank financial statements for the period 2016-2020. Design/methodology/approach: This study uses quantitative method and multiple regression analysis with SPSS Version 25 Findings: The results of this study indicate that the variables of NPF, profit-sharing financing and derivative liabilities have an effect on ROA. Meanwhile, the variables that affect ROE are only NPF and derivative liabilities. Research limitations/implications: This research is expected to be a guideline for management and other stakeholders in considering the results of banking performance as measured by ROA and ROE by looking at credit risk analysis as measured by NPF, FDR, profit-sharing financing, and derivative liabilities. These considerations are expected to have a good effect on attracting depositors and convincing them to invest their funds. The financial reports that have been prepared are then reported to Bank Indonesia and shareholders in order to increase transparency in the eyes of stakeholders. Practical implications: Research conducted on sharia commercial banks shows good results for the bank management and other stakeholders. There are several things that need to be considered, such as reviewing financial performance whether it is in accordance with policy and is able to bring sharia commercial banks into healthier banks. Originality/value: originality Paper type: Research paper
Long‐range target detection in open waters by an echolocating Atlantic Bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus)

The long‐range echolocation detection capability of an Atlantic Bottlenose dolphin, Tursiops truncatus, in a noise‐limited environment was determined using a 7.62‐cm diam water‐filled sphere as the target. The 50% target detection threshold range was found to be 113 m. Using the transient form of the sonar equation, it was found that the results obtained with the 7.62‐cm sphere matched previous results obtained with a 2.54‐cm solid sphere and the same animal, to within 1.5 dB in terms of signal levels or within 5.4% in terms of ranges. The sonar equation was also used to obtain an estimate of the animal’s detection threshold, which was determined to be between 3.8–5.3 dB. The animal was found to perform like a Neyman–Pearson detector, limiting his false alarm rate to 23% and below.
Ship Detection in SAR Images Based on Adjacent Context Guide Fusion Module and Dense Weighted Skip Connection

Fusing features from different layers is essential to improve the ship target detection ability in the synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images. Mainstream methods usually perform simple addition or concatenation operations on adjacent feature layers without properly merging their semantic and spatial information, whereas the traditional skip connections are unable to explore sufficient information by the same scale. To address these issues, a ship detection network based on adjacent context guide fusion module and dense weighted skip connection (AFDN) in SAR images is proposed: Adjacent context guide fusion module is specially designed to capture the long-range dependencies of high-level features as weights to multiply with low-level features to fuse adjacent features more efficiently. Furthermore, the dual-path enhanced pyramid is constructed to refine and fuse multi-scale features. Finally, a dense weighted skip connection is proposed by weighted fusion of features of all sizes before the decoder to enrich the feature space. Our anchor-free AFDN outputs the spatial density map and clusters to obtain the rotatable bounding box. The experimental results indicate that the method proposed in this paper surpasses previous ship detection methods and achieves high accuracy on SSDD and AIRSARShip-1.0 datasets.
Interactions between life history and the environment on changing growth rates of Chinook salmon

Fish in all the world’s oceans exhibit variable body size and growth over time, with some species or populations exhibiting long-term declines in size. These patterns can be caused by a range of biotic, abiotic, and anthropogenic factors and impact the productivity of harvested populations. Within a given species, individuals often exhibit a range of life-history strategies that may cause some groups to be buffered against change. One of the most studied declines in size at age has been in populations of salmon; Chinook salmon in the Northeast Pacific Ocean are the largest bodied salmon species and have experienced long-term declines in size. Using long-term monitoring data, we develop novel size and growth models to link observed changes in Chinook size to life history traits and environmental variability. Our results identify three distinct trends in size across the 48 stocks in our study. Differences among populations were correlated with ocean distribution, migration timing, and freshwater residence. We provide evidence that trends are driven by interannual variation in certain oceanographic processes and competition with pink salmon.
Progress towards steady-state operation and real-time control of internal transport barriers in JET

In JET, advanced tokamak research mainly focuses on plasmas with internal transport barriers (ITBs) that are strongly influenced by the current density profile. A previously developed optimized shear regime with low magnetic shear in the plasma centre has been extended to deeply negative magnetic shear configurations. High fusion performance with wide ITBs has been obtained transiently with negative central magnetic shear configuration: HIPB98(y,2) ~ 1.9, βN = 2.4 at Ip = 2.5 MA. At somewhat reduced performance, electron and ion ITBs have been sustained in full current drive operation with 1 MA of bootstrap current: HIPB98(y,2) ~ 1, βN = 1.7 at Ip = 2.0 MA. The ITBs were maintained for up to 11 s for the latter case. This duration, much larger than the energy confinement time (37 times larger), is already approaching a current resistive time. New real-time measurements and feedback control algorithms have been developed and implemented in JET for successfully controlling the ITB dynamics and the current density profile in the highly non-inductive current regime.
On the application of the two-level large-eddy simulation method to turbulent free-shear and wake flows

We present application of the hybrid two-level large-eddy simulation (TLS-LES) method, a multi-scale simulation model, to turbulent free-shear and wake flows at moderately high Reynolds number. The TLS-LES method combines the scale-separation-based two-level simulation (TLS) model with the spatial-filtering-based conventional large-eddy simulation (LES) model in an additive manner using a normalised blending function. The additive blending can be performed in a static or a dynamic manner. We demonstrate that the method, which has been originally developed for wall-bounded flows, can be used to simulate flows in complex configurations without requiring any further adjustments to the model. In this study, three canonical flows are simulated, which are representative of free-shear and wake flows. These cases include a temporally evolving mixing layer, flow past a circular cylinder in a uniform flow and flow past a finite-span airfoil placed in a uniform flow at three different angle of attacks. We analyse the role of static and dynamic blending functions, large-scale grid resolution and the effect of small scales on the instantaneous flow features and turbulence statistics. The results obtained from these cases demonstrate robustness, accuracy and consistency of the multi-scale TLS-LES method and show that the method is suitable for investigation of turbulent flows that encompass features such as massive separation, reattachment, transition to turbulence and unsteady wake, which are challenging to model numerically.