Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Exploring Students’ Perceptions of ChatGPT: Thematic Analysis and Follow-Up Survey

ChatGPT has sparked both excitement and skepticism in education. To analyze its impact on teaching and learning it is crucial to understand how students perceive ChatGPT and assess its potential and challenges. Toward this, we conducted a two-stage study with senior students in a computer engineering program ( $n=56$ ). In the first stage, we asked the students to evaluate ChatGPT using their own words after they used it to complete one learning activity. The returned responses (3136 words) were analyzed by coding and theme building (36 codes and 15 themes). In the second stage, we used the derived codes and themes to create a 27-item questionnaire. The students responded to this questionnaire three weeks later after completing other activities with the help of ChatGPT. The results show that the students admire the capabilities of ChatGPT and find it interesting, motivating, and helpful for study and work. They find it easy to use and appreciate its human-like interface that provides well-structured responses and good explanations. However, many students feel that ChatGPT’s answers are not always accurate and most of them believe that it requires good background knowledge to work with since it does not replace human intelligence. So, most students think that ChatGPT needs to be improved but are optimistic that this will happen soon. When it comes to the negative impact of ChatGPT on learning, academic integrity, jobs, and life, the students are divided. We conclude that ChatGPT can and should be used for learning. However, students should be aware of its limitations. Educators should try using ChatGPT and guide students on effective prompting techniques and how to assess generated responses. The developers should improve their models to enhance the accuracy of given answers. The study provides insights into the capabilities and limitations of ChatGPT in education and informs future research and development.
Physical solutions of the Hamilton-Jacobi equation

We consider a Lagrangian system on the d-dimensional torus, and the associated Hamilton-Jacobi equation. Assuming that the Aubry set of the system consists in a finite number of hyperbolic periodic orbits of the Euler-Lagrange flow, we study the vanishing-viscosity limit, from the viscous equation to the inviscid problem. Under suitable assumptions, we show that solutions of the viscous Hamilton-Jacobi equation converge to a unique solution of the inviscid problem.
Epidemiological Investigation of Pediatric Fractures—A Retrospective Cohort Study of 1129 Patients

Background and Objectives: Fractures are common in pediatric trauma, and they are caused by a broad spectrum of factors. Only a few studies have discussed the mechanisms of injury and their relationships to different types of fractures. The most frequent type of fractures in different age groups remains unclear. Therefore, we aim to summarize the epidemiological characteristics of pediatric fractures in a medical center in Zhuhai, China from 2006 to 2021 and analyze the causes of fractures with the highest frequency in different age groups. Materials and Methods: We extracted the information from the Zhuhai Center for Maternal and Child Health Care of those under 14 years old who had fractures from 2006 to 2021. Results: We reviewed the information of 1145 children. The number of patients increased during the 15 years (p < 0.0001). The number of patients was significantly different between genders after Y2 (p = 0.014). In addition, more than two-thirds of patients (71.3%) had upper limb fractures, and all types of falls were the most common cause of fractures (83.6%). The incidence demonstrated an insignificant difference in age groups except for the fractures of humerus and radius. Moreover, we discovered that the prevalence of fall-related injuries decreased with age, while that of sports-related injuries increased with age. Conclusions: Our study demonstrates that the prevalence of fall-related injuries decreases with age, and that of sports-related injuries increases with age. Most patients have upper limb fractures, and all types of falls are the most common cause of fractures. Fracture types with the highest frequency differ in each age group. These findings might supplement current epidemiological knowledge of childhood fracture and provide references for decision-making in children’s health policies.
Simulations of an observed elevated mesoscale convective system over southern England during CSIP IOP 3

Simulations of an elevated mesoscale convective system (MCS) observed over southern England during the Convective Storm Initiation Project (CSIP) provide the first detailed modelling study of a case of elevated convection occurring in the UK. The study shows that many factors can influence the maintenance of elevated deep convection, from large‐scale flow through to surface heating processes and diabatic cooling within the convective system. It is also shown that interactions and feedback mechanisms between a stable layer and the storm can act to maintain deep convection. The simulation successfully reproduced an elevated MCS above a low‐level stable undercurrent, with a wave in the undercurrent linked to a rear‐inflow jet (RIJ). Convection was fed from an elevated (840 hPa) source layer with CAPE of about 350 J kg−1. The undercurrent in the simulation was approximately 1 km deep, about half that observed. Unlike the observed MCS, a transition from elevated to surface‐based convection occurred in the simulation due to the combined effects of a pre‐existing large‐scale θe gradient, advection and surface heating causing the system to encounter increasingly unstable low‐level air and a shallower stable layer that was more susceptible to penetration by downdraughts. The transition to surface‐based convection was accompanied by the development of cold‐pool outflow and an increase in system velocity from about 6 to 10 m s−1. Diabatic cooling from microphysical processes in the simulation enhanced the undercurrent and strengthened the RIJ. This strengthened the wave in the undercurrent and led to more extensive convection. The existence of a positive feedback process between the convection, RIJ and stable layer is discussed. Uncertainty in the synoptic scale generating errors in the undercurrent is shown to be a major source of error for convective‐scale forecasts.
The ARM Mobile Facilities

One of the earliest and liveliest discussions in the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Program was about site locations. Prior to the ARM Program, cloud research was carried out largely via field campaigns, initially by aircraft and then coupled with short-term deployments of ground-based instruments. Field campaign locations were, of course, selected to meet the requirements of the particular research program. Thus, the idea of having permanently located sites created a great deal of debate about criteria for determining locations and how to apply those criteria. The initial discussions on site locations were captured in an ARM report entitled ‘‘Identification, recommendation, and justification of potential locales for ARM SITES’’ (Schwartz 1991; Cress and Sisterson 2016, chapter 5). The report divided its recommended locales into two categories: primary and supplementary. The five primary locales were meant to span the range of climatically important cloud types and their influence on atmospheric radiation. The report also stated:
Justifying leniency at a time of punitiveness: Federal clemency narratives in the United States

Scholarship on contemporary US penality has paid little attention to practices opposing the punitive trend. This study explores clemency – official acts moderating punishment and its lasting consequences – as an executive back-end mechanism of leniency. To explore how clemency is discussed at a time of increasingly punitive penal policies, I conducted a qualitative analysis of 36 years’ worth of presidential statements on clemency from Reagan to Obama. This study revealed that three central justifications are used to validate clemency decisions: individuals’ deservingness, community benefits and justice ideals. Discussions of clemency challenge punitiveness by closing the social distance between individuals with criminal histories and law-abiding society and calling for moderation in punishment and penal reform. However, by using a justificatory tone and mirroring penal rationales, clemency statements are limited in inviting progressive change and at times actively drive and reinforce dominant punitive narratives.
Multiple instance fuzzy inference.

Abstract : A novel fuzzy learning framework that employs fuzzy inference to solve the problem of multiple instance learning (MIL) is presented. The framework introduces a new class of fuzzy inference systems called Multiple Instance Fuzzy Inference Systems (MI-FIS). Fuzzy inference is a powerful modeling framework that can handle computing with knowledge uncertainty and measurement imprecision effectively. Fuzzy Inference performs a nonlinear mapping from an input space to an output space by deriving conclusions from a set of fuzzy if-then rules and known facts. Rules can be identified from expert knowledge, or learned from data. In multiple instance problems, the training data is ambiguously labeled. Instances are grouped into bags, labels of bags are known but not those of individual instances. MIL deals with learning a classiffer at the bag level. Over the years, many solutions to this problem have been proposed. However, no MIL formulation employing fuzzy inference exists in the literature. In this dissertation, we introduce multiple instance fuzzy logic that enables fuzzy reasoningwith bags of instances. Accordingly, different multiple instance fuzzy inference styles are proposed. The Multiple Instance Mamdani style fuzzy inference (MI-Mamdani) extends the standard Mamdani style inference to compute with multiple instances. The Multiple Instance Sugeno style fuzzy inference (MI-Sugeno) is an extension of the standard Sugeno style inference to handle reasoning with multiple instances. In addition to the MI-FIS inference styles, one of the main contributions of this work is an adaptive neuro-fuzzy architecture designed to handle bags of instances as input and capable of learning from ambiguously labeled data. The proposed architecture, called Multiple Instance-ANFIS (MI-ANFIS), extends the standard Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS). We also propose different methods to identify and learn fuzzy if-then rules in the context of MIL.
Signal-to-Noise Ratio Optimization for Planar Multijunction Thermal Converters

We investigate a comprehensive design guideline for optimizing the signal-to- noise ratio (SNR) of planar multijunction thermal converters (MJTCs). Optimizing the leg-length of the thermocouple using a shunted copper patch facilitates an increase in the sensitivity to more than twice that of a conventional thermocouple when the device fulfills the thermal impedance matching condition. The SNR does not depend on the thermocouple number or the leg cross-section at a fixed total cross-sectional area. Finally, during thermocouple material selection, different combinations of three thermophysical parameters, the Seebeck coefficient, electrical resistivity, and thermal conductivity that provide the same figure of merit would lead to different values of the SNR. For improving the SNR, increasing the Seebeck coefficient is the most desirable approach. The reduction of thermal conductivity is desirable for short leg-lengths, whereas increasing the electrical resistivity is better for long leg-lengths. The findings provide a useful guide to designing optimal planar MJTCs by maximizing the SNR.
Hepatitis C Infection and Treatment among Injecting Drug Users Attending General Practice: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Background: The care provided in general practice to intravenous drug users (IDUs) with hepatitis C (HCV) extends beyond opioid substitution therapy. An aggregated analysis of HCV service utilization within general practice specifically related to diagnosis and treatment outcomes remains unknown from previous literature. Aims: This study aims to estimate the prevalence of HCV and analyze data related to the diagnosis and treatment-related outcomes of HCV patients with a history of intravenous drug use in the general practice setting. Design and setting: A systematic review and meta-analysis in general practice. Methods: This review included studies published in the following databases: EMBASE, PubMed, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials. Two reviewers independently extracted data in standard forms in Covidence. A meta-analysis was done using a DerSimonian and Laird random-effects model with inverse variance weighting. Results: A total of 20,956 patients from 440 general practices participated in the 18 selected studies. A meta-analysis of 15 studies showed a 46% (95% confidence interval (CI), 26–67%) prevalence rate of hepatitis C amongst IDUs. Genotype information was available in four studies and treatment-related outcomes in 11 studies. Overall, treatment uptake was 9%, with a cure rate of 64% (95% CI, 43–83%). However, relevant information, such as specific treatment regimens, treatment duration and doses, and patient comorbidities, was poorly documented in these studies. Conclusion: The prevalence of HCV in IDUs is 46% in general practice. Only ten studies reported HCV-related treatment outcomes; however, the overall uptake rate was below 10%, with a cure rate of 64%. Likewise, the genotypic variants of HCV diagnoses, medication types, and doses were poorly reported, suggesting a need for further research into this aspect of care within this patient group to ensure optimal treatment outcomes.
Epidemiological and Spatiotemporal Descriptive Analysis of Patients with Nonsyndromic Cleft Lip and/or Palate: A 12-Year Retrospective Study in Southern Iran

Objectives The current study is aimed at evaluating epidemiological characteristics and spatiotemporal distribution of cleft lip and/or palate (CL/P) in the south of Iran. Methods Data were extracted from the 1840 medical records of patients who were referred to the Cleft Lip and Palate Center of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, from January 1, 2011, to September 1, 2022. The collected variables included demographic data (gender, birth date and season, place, birth order, and weight), cleft types and the subtypes, parental information (health status, education level, marital status, and age during the pregnancy), and other basic parameters. The chi-square test at a significance level of 0.05 was used to analyze collected data. The geographic information system (GIS) analysis was also used for analyzing the spatial distribution of CL/P patients. Results Based on our inclusion criteria, 1281 nonsyndromic patients were included in this study. The most common type was cleft lip and palate (CLP) with 48.32%, whereas cleft palate (CP) and cleft lip (CL) accounted for 40.75% and 10.93% of the patients, respectively. There was a progressive increase in the frequency of all types of clefts, and most of them were male (P ≤ 0.001). The urban population outnumbered the rural ones in all provinces. Parents were mostly healthy (>80%) with low educational status (47.5%). Most born CL/P patients were from consanguineous marriages (58.9%), especially between first-degree relatives. A majority of CL/P patients (73.1%) were born in the first two gestations with a birth weight of 2500-4000 g (77.4%). Most infants with CL/P (84.3%) were born from mothers who had at least one of the predisposing factors. Conclusion In this study, the frequency of cleft types and subtypes was similar to the existing literature. However, high rate of consanguineous marriage, especially between first-degree relatives, was the most notable feature of this population.
Choosing the Optimal Number of B-spline Control Points (Part 1: Methodology and Approximation of Curves)

Abstract Due to the establishment of terrestrial laser scanner, the analysis strategies in engineering geodesy change from pointwise approaches to areal ones. These areal analysis strategies are commonly built on the modelling of the acquired point clouds. Freeform curves and surfaces like B-spline curves/surfaces are one possible approach to obtain space continuous information. A variety of parameters determines the B-spline’s appearance; the B-spline’s complexity is mostly determined by the number of control points. Usually, this number of control points is chosen quite arbitrarily by intuitive trial-and-error-procedures. In this paper, the Akaike Information Criterion and the Bayesian Information Criterion are investigated with regard to a justified and reproducible choice of the optimal number of control points of B-spline curves. Additionally, we develop a method which is based on the structural risk minimization of the statistical learning theory. Unlike the Akaike and the Bayesian Information Criteria this method doesn’t use the number of parameters as complexity measure of the approximating functions but their Vapnik-Chervonenkis-dimension. Furthermore, it is also valid for non-linear models. Thus, the three methods differ in their target function to be minimized and consequently in their definition of optimality. The present paper will be continued by a second paper dealing with the choice of the optimal number of control points of B-spline surfaces.
Neural Indicators of Visual Andauditory Recognition of Imitative Words on Different De-Iconization Stages

The research aims to reveal neural indicators of recognition for iconic words and the possible cross-modal multisensory integration behind this process. The goals of this research are twofold: (1) to register event-related potentials (ERP) in the brain in the process of visual and auditory recognition of Russian imitative words on different de-iconization stages; and (2) to establish whether differences in the brain activity arise while processing visual and auditory stimuli of different nature. Sound imitative (onomatopoeic, mimetic, and ideophonic) words are words with iconic correlation between form and meaning (iconicity being a relationship of resemblance). Russian adult participants (n = 110) were presented with 15 stimuli both visually and auditorily. The stimuli material was equally distributed into three groups according to the criterion of (historical) iconicity loss: five explicit sound imitative (SI) words, five implicit SI words and five non-SI words. It was established that there was no statistically significant difference between visually presented explicit or implicit SI words and non-SI words respectively. However, statistically significant differences were registered for auditorily presented explicit SI words in contrast to implicit SI words in the N400 ERP component, as well as implicit SI words in contrast to non-SI words in the P300 ERP component. We thoroughly analyzed the integrative brain activity in response to explicit IS words and compared it to that in response to implicit SI and non-SI words presented auditorily. The data yielded by this analysis showed the N400 ERP component was more prominent during the recognition process of the explicit SI words received from the central channels (specifically Cz). We assume that these results indicate a specific brain response associated with directed attention in the process of performing cognitive decision making tasks regarding explicit and implicit SI words presented auditorily. This may reflect a higher level of cognitive complexity in identifying this type of stimuli considering the experimental task challenges that may involve cross-modal integration process.
Comparison of distance education and in-person education in procedural sedation and analgesia: A randomized controlled trial

Background: Despite the increasing demand for procedural sedation and analgesia training, the number of available instructors remains limited. Objective: The aim of this study is to compare distance education with in-person learning for knowledge acquisition and participant satisfaction in procedural sedation and analgesia education. Methods: We conducted a randomized controlled trial comparing distance education with in-person learning in Japan on three occasions. Twenty participants per course were randomly divided into five groups with stratification by year of graduation. The groups were randomized to either a distance education group or an in-person group. We conducted pre- and post-testing of procedural sedation and analgesia knowledge and surveyed participants’ perceptions by using a scale ranging from 0 (not enough) to 100 (enough). Our primary outcomes were knowledge acquisition and the quality of discussion. Results: We included 48 healthcare professionals in the analysis. Forty-one participants (83.6%) were men and the median years of experience was 5 (interquartile range: 3–9). Both groups had similar knowledge acquisition with the pre-test and post-test score difference and reported similar scores on the quality of discussion with the exception of the clarity of audio quality (93 vs 100, p = 0.017). Conclusion: In a randomized trial of distance versus in-person learning for the sedation course, we did not observe statistically significant differences in knowledge acquisition and participant satisfaction between the two groups except for audio quality for the case discussion. Further efforts to improve quality for distance learning in procedural sedation and analgesia education are needed.
Associations of Perceived Stress and Social Support on Health Behavior Changes in Sexual Minoritized Women During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Purpose: We examined how perceived stress and social support were associated with changes in health behaviors during the COVID-19 pandemic among sexual minoritized women (SMW). Methods: In an online convenience sample of SMW (N = 501, Mage = 23.6), we used multinomial logistic regression models to estimate associations of perceived stress and social support (emotional, material, virtual, in-person) with self-reported changes (increased or decreased vs. no change) in fruit and vegetable intake, physical activity, sleep, tobacco, alcohol, and substance use during the pandemic. We also tested whether social support modified associations between perceived stress and changes in health behaviors. Models controlled for sexual orientation, age, race and ethnicity, and income. Results: Perceived stress and social support were associated with changes in health and risk behaviors. Specifically, increased perceived stress was associated with decrease (odds ratio [OR] = 1.20, p = 0.01) and increase (OR = 1.12, p = 0.04) in fruit and vegetable intake, and increase in substance use (OR = 1.19, p = 0.04). Receiving in-person social support was associated with changes in decrease (OR = 10.10, p < 0.001) and increase (OR = 7.35, p < 0.01) in combustible tobacco use and increase in alcohol use (OR = 2.63, p = 0.01). Among SMW who never received material social support during the pandemic, increased perceived stress was associated with increased alcohol use (OR = 1.25, p < 0.01). Conclusions: Perceived stress and social support were associated with SMW's health behavior changes during the pandemic. Future research may explore interventions to mitigate the effects of perceived stress and appropriately increase social support to promote health equity among SMW.