Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Efficacy of Tooth Bleaching With Prior Application of Two Different Desensitizing Agents: An In Vitro Study

Objective To compare and evaluate the efficacy of tooth bleaching with prior application of two different desensitizing agents such as sodium fluoride and 5% potassium nitrate. Materials and methods A total of 108 extracted human maxillary central incisors were stained in black coffee solution and stored in artificial saliva for colour stabilization. The specimens were randomly divided into three groups (n = 36) according to the following protocols: (a) bleaching without desensitizer, (b) bleaching with prior application of sodium fluoride, and (c) bleaching with prior application of 5% potassium nitrate. After fabricating customized trays, desensitizers were applied for 10 minutes followed by 16% carbamide peroxide bleaching gel, which was in contact with the teeth for three hours. The bleaching efficacy was evaluated at baseline (after staining), 3rd day, 7th day, and 14th day using a digital spectrophotometer. Results There was an increase in the overall colour change (∆E) from baseline to 14th day, which was statistically significant at cervical, middle, and incisal thirds of the teeth between the three groups with the sodium fluoride group showing decreased ∆E. Conclusions Carbamide peroxide (16%) showed improved whitening efficacy from baseline to the 14th day with increasing median values at all time periods. The sodium fluoride group showed decreased ∆E value when compared to other groups.
Ortho-to-para abundance ratios of NH2 in 26 comets: implications for the real meaning of OPRs

Abundance ratios of nuclear-spin isomers for cometary molecules having identical protons, such as water and ammonia, have been measured and discussed from the viewpoint that they are primordial characters in comet. In the case of ammonia, its ortho-to-para abundance ratio (OPR) is usually estimated from OPRs of NH 2 because of difﬁculty in measuring OPR of ammonia directly. We report our survey for OPRs of NH 2 in 26 comets. A weighted mean of ammonia OPRs for the comets is 1.12 ± 0.01 and no signiﬁcant difference is found between the Oort Cloud comets and the Jupiter-family comets. These values correspond to ∼ 30 K as nuclear-spin temperatures. The OPRs of ammonia in comets probably reﬂect the physicochemical conditions in coma, rather than the conditions for the molecular formation or condensation in the pre-solar molecular cloud/the solar nebula, based on comparison of OPRs (and nuclear-spin temperatures) of ammonia with those of water, 14 N/ 15 N ratios in ammonia, and D/H ratios in water. The OPRs could be reset to a nuclear-spin weights ratio in solid phase and modiﬁed by interactions with protonated ions like H 3 O + , water clusters (H 2 O) n , ice grains, and paramagnetic impurities (such as O 2 molecules and grains) in the inner coma gas. Relationship between the OPRs of ammonia and water is a clue to understanding the real meaning of the OPRs.
Hausdorff Dimension of the Limit Set of Countable Conformal Iterated Function Systems with Overlaps

We provide lower and upper estimates for the Hausdorff dimension of the limit sets of conformal iterated function systems with overlaps. What is most important is that the alphabet of those system, though countable, is allowed to be infinite. As in (4), where the case of finite alphabet was explored, these estimates are expressed in terms of the topological pressure and the function d(·) counting overlaps. However, the infinite case introduces new difficulties. In the case when the function d(·) is constant, we get an exact formula for the Hausdorff dimension. We also prove that in certain cases this formula holds if and only if the function d(·) is constant. In the end, we also give examples of countable IFS with overlaps. In the paper (4) we have dealt with conformal iterated function systems with overlaps. We always assumed there that the alphabet of the system is finite. We have provided lower and upper estimates for the Hausdorff dimension of the limit sets of such systems expressing them in terms of the topological pressure and the function d counting overlaps. In the present paper we consider conformal iterated function systems with overlaps built over a countable alphabet which is allowed to be infinite. As in (4 )w e work on one fixed system rather than, as it has been common in the theory of iterated function sytems with overlaps, a family of systems. In particular we do not utilize the celebrated transversality condition. The difficulties of having an infinite alphabet are manifold, particular ones arise from the set S(∞) being non-empty. In this paper we deal with them and pay bigger attention to the boundaries of images of generators of the system. This permits us not only to handle the case of infinite alphabet but also to improve the estimates, both lower and upper, of the Hausdorff dimension of the limit set, even in the case of finite alphabet. This is particularly transparent in the last section of our paper when we address the question of when our estimates are optimal.
Handle transmitted vibration of electrical demolition hammers: Frequency and magnitude investigation in field measurements from different bits

Using a demolition hammer among the power tools is one of the most challenging job tasks for the operators of these tools, which exposes users to high levels of hand-transmitted vibrations. The focus of this study was for finding the vibration levels transmitted to the handles, the frequency content transmitted by the tool, and the effect of using insert bits with different tip shapes and lengths using conventional demolition hammers under controlled operating conditions on typical concrete slabs in the field. Three demolition hammers (weighing between 14 and 27 kg) with two handles installed were subjected to simultaneous measurements based on ISO 5349 as the field measurement technique. The findings demonstrated that even while the vertical axis dominated, several samples also produced equivalent x-axis results. The impact energy of the tools employed and the transmitted vibration to the tool handles are not significantly correlated with each other. All mean values were higher in the slabs with a thickness of 15 than those with 10 cm. The mean values of the total results for the two forms of flat and point tip inserted bits were 16.85 and 15.86 m/s2, respectively, and in the samples with the same operating factors, this difference was more than 3 m/s2 (p < .03). The a wrms (frequency-weighted root mean square acceleration) produced at tools using 60 cm bits were more than those with a length of 40 cm, both for the average of the total results and the average of the results of each hammer. The difference between the average bit length groups over samples with the same factors reached 4.65 m/s2 (p = .02). Frequency analysis for the flat and point insert bits with 60 cm length in the concrete slabs with a thickness of 15 cm showed that the dominant frequencies detected at lower frequencies for point bits. This difference is almost two frequency parts of 1/3 octave band.
Determinants of Student’s Saving Interest at Islamic Bank

Purpose: This study aimed to determine the effect of knowledge, products, and promotions on the students’ saving interest at Islamic banks.Design/Methodology/Approach: This research used quantitative analysis. The population was Hybrid Learning Students of the undergraduate Management Program in the Faculty of Economics and Business, University of Al-Azhar Indonesia, totaling 1.314. The survey method with the sampling technique used is accidental sampling. The number of samples was 100 students who saved in Islamic banks. The research method used multiple linear regression analysis.Findings: Based on the results of statistical tests, the knowledge has a significant positive effect on students' saving interest at Islamic banks, the product has a significant positive effect on students' saving interest at Islamic banks, and also, the promotion has a significant positive effect on students' saving interest at Islamic banks.
Analysis of axial magnetic field of an iron style bipolar axial magnetic field vacuum interrupter

An axial magnetic field (AMF) electrode for a vacuum interrupter iron style bipolar electrode (ISBE), is improved in order to distribute vacuum arc over contact plate as much as possible and reduce eddy current in iron cores. The improvements include increasing iron core area to the edge of contact plate and using laminated iron core (1.2 mm in our case), based on analysis of AMF in the gap and eddy current in iron cores. AMF measurement results show that axial magnetic flux density of improved ISBE is almost two times stronger than that of original one, and there is only a little loss at edge of contact plate. However, the axial magnetic flux density of original ISBE at edge of contact plate is much lower. The vacuum arc picture recorded by a high speed CCD camera proves that AMF of improved ISBE has ability to distribute vacuum arc over most area of the entire contact surface, even at the edge region. Eddy current induces phase shift. The maximum value of phase shift in middle plane of contact gap of the original ISBE is 3.5 ms and it is reduced to 2.0 ins in the improved one, which is similar to other AMF electrodes.
Neutrophil‐to‐eosinophil ratio as a biomarker for clinical outcomes in advanced stage melanoma patients treated with anti‐PD‐1 therapy

Neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratios (NLR) and eosinophil counts are associated with improved survival in melanoma patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors, but no study has investigated neutrophil‐to‐eosinophil ratios (NER) as a predictive indicator in this population. In this retrospective study evaluating anti‐PD‐1 treated patients with advanced melanoma, progression‐free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), objective response rates (ORR), and risk of high‐grade (grade ≥3) immune‐related adverse events (irAEs) were compared between groups defined by median pretreatment NLR and NER as well as median NLR and NER at 1‐month post‐treatment. Lower baseline NLR and NER were associated with improved OS [HR: 0.504, 95% CI: 0.328–0.773, p = . 002 and HR: 0.442, 95% CI: 0.288–0.681, p < . 001, respectively] on univariate testing. After accounting for multiple covariates, our multivariate analysis found that lower pretreatment NER was associated with better ORR (by irRECIST) (OR: 2.199, 95% CI: 1.071–4.582, p = .033) and improved OS (HR: 0.480, 95% CI: 0.296–0.777, p = .003). Baseline NLR, 1‐month NLR, and 1‐month NER were not associated with ORR, PFS, or OS outcomes; but 1‐month NER correlated with lower risk of grade ≥3 irAEs (OR: 0.392, 95% CI: 0.165–0.895, p = .029). Our findings suggest baseline NER merits additional investigation as a novel prognostic marker for advanced melanoma patients receiving anti‐PD‐1‐based regimens.
LOW LEVEL LASER THERAPY IN DENTISTRY.

on the various studies the results have shown that low intensity laser therapy can accelerate bone healing in extraction sites, in cases of bone fracture and distraction osteogenesis, carried out in animal models. The mechanism of action might be through stimulation of cellular proliferation and differentiation thus accelerating the healing process. Further clinical trials with LLLT applications in dentistry are required which should make use of standardized, validated outcomes, and should explore how the effectiveness of the LLLT protocol may be influenced by wavelength, treatment duration, dosage, and the site of application.
Variational approach to the derivation of the Davey–Stewartson system

Whitham's averaged Lagrangian method is generalized for the three-dimensional (3D) case of the Stokes waves on the surface of an ideal fluid layer. We derive the extended Lagrangian with the explicit terms  x  ¯ ? > ,  x  ¯ x ? > , and  y  ¯ y ? > which were only partially and implicitly present in the Whitham Lagrangian by the term with the nonlinear frequency, where  ? > is the complex-valued amplitude of the wave envelope. The  x  ¯ x ? > and  y  ¯ y ? > terms generate the additional terms with a x 2 ? > and a y 2 ? > in the dispersive part of the extended Lagrangian compared to Whitham's terms with a2 and a4, where a is the real wave amplitude. The variation of our extended Lagrangian produces the evolutional Davey–Stewartson equations for the wave envelope and velocity potential which were originally obtained by the method of multiple scales.
ITEM ANALYSIS OF MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONS: AN ASSESSMENT OF YOUNG LEARNERS

Although English has been taught for decades in Indonesia, the quality of multiple-choice question given to young learners was hardly examined. To touch on the issue, this study aims at determining the quality of 10 multiple-choice questions (MCQs) in a public elementary school in terms of difficulty level (P), discrimination power (D), and distractor efficiency (DE). This study employed a cross-sectional study to obtain information and evaluate MCQs in the students’ tests. It was found the multiple-choice items were efficient in which 80% of them have acceptable difficulty and 20% of them were fairly easy (P 70%). The discrimination index of 8 (80%) items was excellent and 2 of the MCQs were good. Among 40 distractors, 32 (80%) of them were functional distractors while 8 of them were non-functional distractors (NFDs). It can be concluded that most of the difficulty index was acceptable, the items discrimination power was good. In terms of distractor efficiency, two items were completely inefficient. Furthermore, MCQs that are considered poor should be revised, re-tested, and reviewed before incorporating them into the future test. This study hopefully encourages teachers to identify poorly developed MCQs and to improve their quality.
Antioxidant and insecticidal properties of Euphorbia helioscopia L. Aqueous extracts

The phytochemical composition, the antioxidant and the insecticidal activities of Tunisian Euphorbia helioscopia L. (Euphorbiaceae) leaves and the flower's aqueous extracts were revealed. A variation in phenolic and flavonoid contents was observed between samples. Leaves aqueous extract revealed the best phenolic contents (25.2 mg GAE/g DW). However, flower extracts were characterized by the highest flavonoid contents (8.53 mg RE/g DW). The level of antioxidant capacity estimated by free radical scavenging activity (DPPH) varied significantly among organs. Leaves aqueous extract revealed the best results (IC 50 =35.11 µg/ml). E. helioscopia aqueous extracts were also evaluated for their insecticidal effect against Tribolium castaneum, with three concentrations 10 (T1), 5 (T2), and 2.5% (T3). Probit analysis revealed that flower aqueous extracts of E. helioscopia exhibited the lowest LC 50 with 2.9 mg/mL.
Late Jurassic rift physiography of the Froan Basin and Frøya High, offshore Mid‐Norway: Development of a syn‐rift shallow marine system

The Froan Basin and Frøya High are two major structural elements located on the Mid‐Norwegian Continental Shelf and are separated from the Halten Terrace by major west‐dipping normal fault zones. Compared to the Halten Terrace, the Froan Basin and Frøya High are relatively under‐explored and remain poorly understood in terms of their Late Jurassic tectono‐stratigraphic evolution. Upper Jurassic, shallow marine, syn‐rift deposits (i.e. Rogn Formation) are present locally, but their source, delivery system and depositional environment are not yet well understood. Improving our understanding of how fault activity and rift‐shoulder uplift influenced rift physiography and paleowater depths is crucial when developing depositional models in this region. In this study, we present a model of the Late Jurassic rift physiography of the Froan Basin and Frøya High based on seismic reflection and well data and reverse subsidence modelling. We show that during the Late Jurassic to Early Cretaceous, major footwall uplift caused the Frøya High and the western margin of the central Froan Basin to be subaerially exposed, forming an intra‐rift footwall island. Shallow marine areas to the east, immediately adjacent to the footwall island, accumulated sediment supplied from the uplifted and partially eroded footwall. In contrast, the Trøndelag Platform, north of the Froan Basin and Frøya High, remained submerged throughout the rift episode. We therefore suggest that the extent of the shallow marine system was controlled by the magnitude of footwall uplift along the western margin of the basin and that sediment dispersal was influenced by the coastal paleogeomorphology of the back‐tilted footwall.
In-Line Hologram for Plasma Diagnostics

Diagnostic sensors are demanded during plasma processes. Holograms of plasma taken with laser light without a reference beam were used to monitor behaviors of charged particles produced in nitrogen plasma as a function of electrode temperature ranging between 50 and 300℃. Holograms were characterized as a function of the pixel sum and grayscale value. Pixel sum calculated in identified grayscale ranges strongly correlated with ion density and emitted light intensity measured with a langmuir probe and optical emission spectroscopy, respectively. The performance was further evaluated with data acquired as a function of N2 and NH3 flow rates and improved correlations were observed in the new grayscale range. The confirmed correlations indicate that a hologram is a viable means to diagnose behaviors of plasma particles such as ions. Underlying principles are discussed in view of particle and charge composing vacuum and light.
AN AUTOPSY STUDY OF THORACO-ABDOMINAL INJURIES IN ROAD TRAFFIC ACCIDENTS

Objectives: More than 1.3 lacks people died on Indian roads, giving India the dubious honor of topping the list of road deaths across the world. With just 1% of the world’s vehicles, India manages to account for 10% of its road fatalities. Since the thoraco-abdominal cavity contains the vital organs such as heart, lungs, liver, spleen, stomach, kidney, major blood vessels, and ribs, trauma to this region challenges the integrity and even the viability of the individual. Methods: The present study was conducted in the department of forensic medicine and toxicology of a tertiary care center. The study was carried out during the period of 2 years from 1st October 2012 to 30th September 2014. Results: Males between the age group of 21 and 30 years, i.e., 26 victims (26.53%), more vulnerable. Females were more vulnerable in the age group of 51–60 years, i.e., 5 victims (31.25%). Out of total 114 cases, total 48 victims were died on the spot or brought death to the hospital. Lungs were injured in maximum number of victims, i.e., 87 cases (76.31%), followed by the heart, i.e., in 24 cases (20.17%). Liver was the most commonly injured abdominal organ, in 67 cases (58.77%). Conclusion: Maximum cases were spot death. It confirms the urgency to establish the good pre-hospital care and provision of efficient and prompt trauma services at site.
Description of gender, intravenous drug administration, and QT interval view at dr. Wahidin general hospital sudirohusodo Makassar

The QT interval is a picture of the activity of the heart's ventricles, starting from depolarization to ventricular repolarization which can be influenced by several factors, namely drugs, gender, inflammatory conditions, obesity, heart failure, and others. Basic Health Research Data in 2018, states that in Indonesia there are around 2,784,064 individuals who suffer from heart disease and every year this number will continue to increase. The purpose of this study was to find out whether there was a relationship between sex and intravenous administration of drugs with QT prolongation. This research is a type of descriptive research. With a total sample of 118 respondents, it was carried out by observing medical records. The results of statistical tests on the sex variable with QT prolongation showed ρ = 0.007, and on the intravenous drug administration variable with QT prolongation showed ρ = 0.002. The conclusion of this study was that there was a relationship between gender and intravenous drug administration with QT prolongation. It is necessary to pay attention to the side effects of drug administration given to patients. And for future researchers, it is hoped that this study can become a reference by using other variables related to QT interval prolongation such as drug side effects and conditions of electrolyte disturbances
Analysing the Impact Factors of Customer Loyalty Among Small and Medium-Sized Hotels (Smshs) in Dubai

Purpose: This study aims to identify the most important characteristics that contribute to customer loyalty in the hotel sector, specifically in Dubai's hotels. Theoretical framework: Small and medium-sized hotels (SMSHs) were examined from the standpoint of their customers using customer loyalty as a performance metric. This research will shed additional light on how customer satisfaction and trust in SMSHs contribute to customer loyalty, particularly within Dubai's hotel sector SMSHs. Design/methodology/approach: A quantitative study involves the use of statistical analysis and numerical data to test hypotheses and draw conclusions about the relationships between variables based on a sample of 372 respondents from SMSHs in Dubai. Findings: The findings showed a positive and significant relationship between customer trust, service quality, customer satisfaction and customer loyalty in the SMSHs in Dubai. Also, customer satisfaction mediates the relationship between customer trust and customer loyalty, and customer satisfaction mediates the relationship between customer trust and customer loyalty in the SMSHs in Dubai. Research, Practical & Social implications: To boost client satisfaction, hotels should undertake a more detailed service assessment of online hotel performance and improve the hotel's application system, which is prone to faults, by speeding up digital technology. Originality/value: An original study on small and medium-sized hotels in Dubai would provide valuable insights into the unique challenges and opportunities faced by this segment of the hospitality industry in a highly competitive and dynamic market.