Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Surgical Management of Complications of Pulmonary and Pleural Tuberculosis: Clinical Insights and Outcomes

Background: Pulmonary and pleural Tuberculosis (TB) remains a major global health challenge, with significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. While medical treatment for TB has improved dramatically in recent years, some patients still suffer from post-TB complications, including drug-resistant TB, as well as cavitary lesions and areas of destroyed lung that persist despite successful treatment. Surgical treatment for TB-related pulmonary and pleural complications has taken a secondary role since the advent of effective medical treatment, but it remains an important option for selected patients. Methods: This retrospective cross-sectional study included 67 patients who underwent surgical management for pleural or pulmonary tuberculosis at Tikur Anbessa Specialized Teaching Hospital and Menelik II comprehensive specialized Hospital in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia between January 1 st , 2018 and December 31 st , 2020. Convenience sampling was used, and data was collected through a structured questionnaire and reviewed medical charts. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 25, and ethical considerations were maintained throughout the study. Results: The most common presenting symptoms were cough (100%) and weight loss (50.7%), and the left upper lobe of the lung (34.3%) was the most commonly affected part. Decortication was the most frequently performed surgical procedure (50.7%), followed by lobectomy (20.9%) and wedge resection (14.9%). Post-surgery complications were observed in 32.8% of patients, with bronchopleural fistula (13.4%), postoperative empyema (10.4%), and hospital-acquired pneumonia (9%) being the most common complications. One patient (1.49%) died per-operatively. The mean postoperative hospital stay was 16 days. Conclusion: This study provides important insights into the clinical characteristics, surgical procedures, and postoperative outcomes of patients with pulmonary and pleural TB who underwent surgery in Ethiopia. Decortication was the predominant surgical procedure, and the majority of patients did not experience postoperative complications. However, complications such as Bronchopleural fistula, postoperative empyema, and hospital-acquired pneumonia were observed. These findings highlight the importance of optimal management of postoperative complications to improve patient outcomes in the management of pulmonary and pleural TB.
What drives forest fire in Fujian, China? Evidence from logistic regression and Random Forests

We applied logistic regression and Random Forest to evaluate drivers of fire occurrence on a provincial scale. Potential driving factors were divided into two groups according to scale of influence: ‘climate factors’, which operate on a regional scale, and ‘local factors’, which includes infrastructure, vegetation, topographic and socioeconomic data. The groups of factors were analysed separately and then significant factors from both groups were analysed together. Both models identified significant driving factors, which were ranked in terms of relative importance. Results show that climate factors are the main drivers of fire occurrence in the forests of Fujian, China. Particularly, sunshine hours, relative humidity (fire seasonal and daily), precipitation (fire season) and temperature (fire seasonal and daily) were seen to play a crucial role in fire ignition. Of the local factors, elevation, distance to railway and per capita GDP were found to be most significant. Random Forest demonstrated a higher predictive ability than logistic regression across all groups of factors (climate, local, and climate and local combined). Maps of the likelihood of fire occurrence in Fujian illustrate that the high fire-risk zones are distributed across administrative divisions; consequently, fire management strategies should be devised based on fire-risk zones, rather than on separate administrative divisions.
Benefits of diversified horticultural systems: assessment with the modern portfolio theory

: In a context of a redefinition of farming system, innovative cropping systems have arose in the recent decades. Among them, diversified horticultural systems show a growing interest in Europe, especially among new entrants into farming. One of the main motivations for farmers to grow simultaneously a variety of vegetables and fruits is to reduce the overall risk on production through a diversification effect. On the theoretical point of view, risk reduction based on diversification of assets is a well-studied mechanism in economics that has been formalized in the Modern Portfolio Theory (MPT). In practice, farmers tend to build crop portfolios that generate the highest yield while minimizing the risk on the overall crop production. The objective of this study was to understand how different fruit-vegetable combinations shape the relationship between production and risk in a diversified farming system. Based on the MPT framework, we explored all possible crop portfolios composed of 1 to 5 crops chosen in a list of 22 commonly grown fruits and vegetables. Results showed that (i) increasing portfolio compositions from 1 to 5 crops progressively improves the production-risk trade-off that farmers have to face; (ii) fruit and vegetables classification does not show clear trends to conclude on the interest of diversification based on botanical aspects. These results led us to identify suitable diversification strategies for fruits and vegetables production that make it possible to reduce the overall risk on crop production while maintaining the same level of production.
The inﬂuence of domain knowledge on strategy use during simulation-based inquiry learning

This study investigated how students’ knowledge of a particular domain inﬂuences the type of investigative strategy they utilize in an inquiry learning task within that domain. Students with high domain knowledge were assumed to employ a theory-driven strategy, whereas less knowledgeable students were expected to start off in a data-driven mode of inquiry and gradually shift to a theory-driven strategy. Participants were 36 college freshmen who performed a simulation-based inquiry task in a familiar domain and another, isomorphic task, in an unfamiliar domain. Within-subject comparisons of the hypotheses participants generated on both tasks generally conﬁrmed predicted patterns of strategy use. Results further showed that participants performed the familiar task more successfully. Implications for inquiry learning environments are discussed.
Propagation and reflection of long equatorial waves in the Pacific Ocean during the 1992–1993 El Niño

The TOPEX/POSEIDON satellite, together with the Tropical Ocean and Global Atmosphere-Tropical Atmosphere Ocean (TOGA-TAO) array, provides oceanographic and atmospheric observations which allow a detailed study of the equatorial Pacific variability. During the November 1992 to December 1993 El Nino period, sea level, dynamic height, wind stress, sea surface temperature, and surface zonal current data derived from TOPEX/POSEIDON and TOGA-TAO measurements were used to describe the Pacific ocean-atmosphere system and to understand the role played by long equatorial waves. A potentially important mechanism of the El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO), commonly referred to as the delayed action oscillator, involves Kelvin and long Rossby waves and their reflections at the Pacific western boundary. In order to investigate if this process was at work during the period under study, a method for projecting TOPEX sea level, TOGA-TAO dynamic height, and zonal wind stress onto meridional wave structures was designed both in unbounded and bounded regions. The Kelvin and first three Rossby waves of the first baroclinic mode are propagating at theoretical wave speeds in all data sets. Zonal wind stress projections show that oceanic propagating wave features are strongly linked to wind variability. Reflections are then examined at both boundaries. At the eastern boundary most of the signal reflected from incoming Kelvin waves is either counteracted by unfavorable wind forcing or strongly reinforced and therefore does not seem to play a significant role for generating the major Rossby wave signals during the period under study. In the western Pacific, wind forcing, rather than western boundary reflections, appears to be the main trigger for returning Kelvin waves from the western Pacific to the eastern Pacific. Simultaneously with the weakening of the extended 1991–1993 ENSO event, an upwelling Kelvin wave is observed propagating from the western Pacific in September 1993 to the eastern Pacific in November 1993. This scenario is consistent with some features of the delayed action oscillator mechanism, where an upwelling Kelvin wave is systematically seen returning from the western boundary to the east at the end of warm events. However, here, contrary to the delayed action oscillator, most of this returning Kelvin wave seems to be forced by a strong easterly anomaly located in the western Pacific, rather than by reflection of an upwelling first Rossby wave at the western boundary.
Record of carbonate preservation and the Mid‐Brunhes climatic shift from a seamount top with low sedimentation rates in the Central Indian Basin

In the present investigation, an age model of carbonate‐rich cores from a seamount top in the Central Indian Basin (CIB) was constructed using both isotopic (230Thexcess, AMS 14C, oxygen isotopes) and biostratigraphic methods. The chronologies using the two methods are in good agreement, yielding a record of the late Middle Pleistocene to the Pleistocene–Holocene transition (550 to 11.5 ka). The first appearance datum (FAD) of the radiolarian Buccinosphaera invaginata (180 ka) and coccolith Emiliania huxleyi (268 ka) and the last appearance datum (LAD) of the radiolarian Stylatractus universus (425 ka) were used. A monsoon‐induced productivity increase was inferred from carbonate, organic carbon and δ13C records in response to the Mid‐Brunhes Climatic Shift (MBCS), consistent with an increased global productivity. While the coccolith diversity increased, a decrease in coccolith productivity was found during the MBCS. At nearly the same time period, earlier records from the equatorial Indian Ocean, western Indian Ocean and eastern Africa have shown an increased productivity in response to the influence of westerlies and increased monsoon. The influence of easterlies from Australia and the intensification of aridity are evidenced by increased kaolinite content and clay‐sized sediments in response to the MBCS. An increased abundance of Globorotalia menardii and other resistant species beginning from marine isotope stage (MIS) 11 and the proliferation of coccolith Gephyrocapsa spp. indicate increased dissolution, which is consistent with the widespread global carbonate dissolution during this period. The relatively high carbonate dissolution during the transition period of MIS 3/2 and glacial to interglacial periods (MIS 6, 7 and 8) may be due to the enhanced flow of corrosive Antarctic Bottom Water (AABW) into the CIB.
Geochemical assessment of mine waste cover performance post reclamation at Parc mine, North Wales

Parc mine in north Wales was abandoned after closure in 1963 and spoil heaps were left to erode into the Nant Gwydyr and Conwy River. A storm event in 1964 caused the west slope of the tailings dam to collapse into the river, polluting 11 ha of farmland with lead and zinc. Reclamation work commenced in 1978 and involved reshaping the tailings pile and capping the north and central sections of the site with limestone quarry waste. The north section was also sown with metal-tolerant vegetation (Festuca rubra, Argostis tenuis and Trifolium repens). The aim of the study was to understand how different reclamation surfaces affected soil chemistry using GIS. The uncapped south section, whilst having the most heavily polluted soil (74 mg/kg As, 24,000 mg/kg Pb, and 19,000 mg/kg Zn), supported the establishment of patchy but diverse metal-tolerant vegetation (Alnus incana, Fagus sylvatica, Ulex, Sorbus aucuparia). The capped north section had the least polluted soil (19 mg/kg As, 478 mg/kg Pb, and 1400 mg/kg Zn), densely vegetated with a nitrogen-fixing legume (Trifolium repens), and was able to support grazing animals, but remained visually incongruous and failed to support the re-establishment of native vegetation. The central section, which combined capping with native vegetation (Betula pubescens and Quercus petraea), was considered moderately polluted (26 mg/kg As, 3908 mg/kg Pb, and 9000 mg/kg Zn). Zinc was found to be the limiting contaminant for vegetation growth with soil concentrations exceeding 12 000 mg/kg corresponding to areas of bare ground in the south and central sections. Barium was the only element to increase in the capped sections, indicating the limestone quarry waste used to cap the tailings was most likely barium-rich.
Potential use of weather derivatives in hedging aggregate viticulture yields: An analysis of the Niagara region of Canada

Abstract Although potentially useful for financially hedging systemic weather-related risks, weather contracts/derivatives (also referred to as parametric insurance) have not seen wide adoption in agriculture outside of applications in developing countries, frequently supported by governments and non-governmental organizations (NGOs). A significant impediment is the lack of financial firms willing to stand ready to sell weather derivatives to individual agricultural producers in the over-the-counter market who, due to the localized nature of weather, face idiosyncratic weather-related risks. In particular, the administrative and reinsurance costs of supplying relatively small contracts with specific terms to many different producers are often prohibitive. The current study considers the potential use of weather derivatives in hedging the aggregate yield/revenues of viticulture producers represented by an industry association located in the province of Ontario, Canada. We examine the sensitivity of aggregate industry yields to several relevant weather-related risks employing copula function analysis. We then consider the potential of a weather derivative in hedging the financial risk associated with cold winter temperatures, which pose the greatest risk to aggregate vinifera yields. The issue of attributing costs and payouts to individual association members remains unresolved, and several alternatives are suggested.
Molecular Phylogenetics, Phylogenomics, and Phylogeography Molecular Phylogenetic Analysis and Species Delimitation in the Pine Needle-feeding Aphid Genus Essigella (Hemiptera, Sternorrhyncha, Aphididae)

Species of the genus Essigella Del Guercio, 1909 (Hemiptera: Aphididae) are known to be specific to one or a few related species of Pinaceae hosts. The current Essigella classification includes 15 species-group taxa, inferred with morphological and ecological data. We present a phylogeny of Essigella using maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference using DNA sequences from three genomes: mitochondrial ( COI , ATP6 ), nuclear ( EF-1 α ), and endosymbiont ( Gnd ). We also challenged the taxonomy of Essigella species using four species delimitation methods: the 2% COI barcode threshold, the ABGD (Automatic Barcode Gap Discovery), the GMYC (General Mixed Yule Coalescent), and the bPTP (Bayesian Poisson Tree Process) methods. Fifty-three populations of Essigella were studied, with the eulachnine genera Cinara Curtis, 1835, Eulachnus Del Guercio, 1909 and Pseudessigella Hille Ris Lambers, 1966 as outgroups. Phylogenetic analyses support Pseudessigella as sister-group of Essigella . They confirm that all the known species are valid and mostly linked to a specific host plant, but also that E. pini Wilson, 1919 encompasses two species, the second probably being E. patchae Hottes, 1957, currently considered a synonym. ABGD and COI barcoding species delimitation analyses were partially congruent, although the barcoding threshold was less than 2% for the latter. They suggest the existence of several cryptic species also supported by ecological data. Methods of bPTP and GMYC gave conflicting results, possibly due to inadequate sampling. Our results highlight that substantial data are often required to delimit species with confidence.
Study of wave numerical model in East China Sea

In this paper we used WAVEWATCH Ⅲ wave model in the East China Sea to set up a proper numerical wave model. We implemented wind field from single NCEP (National Centers for Environmental Prediction) , and combined NCEP and QSCAT wind field in computational domain to simulate wind wave field for two time ranges in East China Sea. The observation spots were distributed in Bohai Sea and the East China Sea, and the WAVEWAICH Ⅲ gave out corresponding output between two points. The results showed that the wave height from the blended field agreed quite well with the obseruations, and also an agreement was shown between the results from NCEP simulation in corresponding time range of 1998 and the measurements of the year. This study indicates that it is,var practical to set up a proper numerical wave model in the East China Sea and lay a model foundation for researchers to study wave climate and coupled sea and atmosphere in the East China Sea.
Combining economics and psychology: Does CO2 framing strengthen pro-environmental behaviors?

This paper considers valence-based framing, i.e. a description of equivalent outcomes in either a positive or negative light, in order to reduce transport-related CO 2 emissions. This nudge is easier to implement than more traditional tools, such as taxation, and does not rely on the stringent assumption that individuals are fully rational. The findings from a discrete choice experiment focusing on long-distance travel choice are reported herein. Results indicate that a loss framing on CO 2 emissions significantly increases the respondents’ pro-environmental behaviors. Moreover, it is shown that the magnitude of the framing effect depends on individuals’ motivational orientation, and that preferences are sensitive to individuals’ psychological factors (i.e. preference for the future and environmental self-identity).
Amyloid- (cid:1) and tau synergistically impair the oxidative phosphorylation system in triple transgenic Alzheimer’s disease mice

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is characterized by amyloid-beta (A (cid:1) )-containing plaques, neuroﬁbrillary tangles, and neuron and synapse loss. Tangle formation has been reproduced in P301L tau transgenic pR5 mice, whereas APP sw PS2 N141I double-transgenic APP152 mice develop A (cid:1) plaques. Cross-breeding generates triple transgenic ( triple AD) mice that combine both pathologies in one model. To determine functional consequences of the combined A (cid:1) and tau pathologies, we performed a proteomic analysis followed by functional validation. Speciﬁcally, we obtained vesicular preparations from triple AD mice, the parental strains, and nontransgenic mice, followed by the quantitative mass-tag labeling proteomic technique iTRAQ and mass spectrometry. Within 1,275 quantiﬁed proteins, we found a massive deregulation of 24 proteins, of which one-thirdweremitochondrialproteinsmainlyrelatedtocomplexes I and IV of the oxidative phosphorylation system (OXPHOS). Notably, deregulation of complex I was tau dependent, whereas deregulation of complex IV was A (cid:1) dependent, both at the protein and activity levels. Synergistic effects of A (cid:1) and tau were evident in 8-month-old triple AD mice as only they showed a reduction of the mitochondrial membrane potential at this early age. At the age of 12months,thestrongestdefectsonOXPHOS,synthesisofATP,and reactive oxygen species were exhibited in the triple AD mice, again emphasizing synergistic, age-associated effects of A (cid:1) and tau in perishing mitochondria. Our study establishes a molecular link between A (cid:1) and tau protein in AD pathology in vivo, illustrating the potential of quantitative proteomics.
Amyloid- (cid:2) oligomers are captured by the DNAJB6 chaperone: Direct detection of interactions that can prevent primary nucleation

A human molecular chaperone protein, DnaJ heat shock protein family (Hsp40) member B6 (DNAJB6), efficiently inhibits amyloid aggregation. This inhibition depends on a unique motif with conserved serine and threonine (S/T) residues that have a high capacity for hydrogen bonding. Global analysis of kinetics data has previously shown that DNAJB6 especially inhibits the primarynucleationpathways.Theseobservationsindicatedthat DNAJB6 achieves this remarkably effective and sub-stoichiomet-ric inhibition by interacting not with the monomeric unfolded conformations of the amyloid- (cid:2) symbol (A (cid:2) ) peptide but with aggregated species. However, these pre-nucleation oligomeric aggregates are transient and difficult to study experimentally. Here, we employed a native MS-based approach to directly detect oligomeric forms of A (cid:2) formed in solution. We found that WT DNAJB6 considerably reduces the signals from the various forms of A (cid:2) (1–40) oligomers, whereas a mutational DNAJB6variantinwhichtheS/Tresidueshavebeensubstituted with alanines does not. We also detected signals that appeared to represent DNAJB6 dimers and trimers to which varying amountsofA (cid:2) arebound.Thesedataprovidedirectexperimen-tal
Formation of spinel-cordierite-plagioclase symplectites replacing andalusite in metapelitic migmatites of the Alvand aureole, Iran

Abstract Spinel–cordierite–plagioclase symplectites partially replacing andalusite occur in the metapelitic migmatite rocks of the Alvand aureole within the Sanandaj–Sirjan metamorphic belt, Hamadan, Iran. The presence of melt shows that corona development occurred under partial melting conditions. Spinel is predicted to grow with cordierite at around 700°C. Exhaustion of the available SiO2 and/or separation of sillimanite/andalusite from SiO2-rich matrix domains by cordierite resulted in the formation of localized low-silica activity domains and thus triggered the growth of spinel in the rim of andalusite, the reaction Sil/And + Bt = Crd + Spl + Kfs + melt, as the most common reaction for the development of coronas in the metapelitic of Alvand aureole. The breakdown of garnet to plagioclase + sillimanite, dehydration melting and the formation of spinel–plagioclase symplectite could occur during heating or decompression; these textures are limited to the contact aureole in the studied area, so heating is perhaps the more likely explanation for formation of the symplectites in the metapelitic rocks of the Alvand aureole. The P–T diagram, inferred paths and zoning profiles of garnet do not account for the decompression history of the terrane.