Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Conflict-sensitive adaptation to climate change in Africa

The climate is changing and some consensus is starting to emerge on how the impacts of such changes could contribute to or cause conflicts in Africa. While those finding direct correlations between climate change impacts and different types of violent and non-violent African conflicts are still in the minority, researchers are increasingly agreeing that climate change at the very least acts as a threatmultiplier that may cause conflicts in communities or states already vulnerable as a result of other factors – social, political and economic to name a few. This Chapter serves as an introduction to this book volume and outlines the climate science, including the existing and emerging literature on the linkages between climate change and conflicts in Africa. It then explores the main sources of Africa’s vulnerability to climate change, before discussing how climate-related conflicts may be manifested. The second half of the Chapter focuses on conflict-sensitive adaptation to climate change, assessing the state of the art and, by drawing on literature presented and the Chapters in this book volume, puts forth considerations for ensuring conflict-sensitivity in adaptation.
Geodynamic Modeling of Sedimentation-induced Overpressure, Gravitational Spreading, and Deformation of Passive Margin Mobile Shale Basins

We investigate the differential loading and pore-fluid pressure required for failure and subsequent prolonged gravitational spreading of passive margin shale basins using two-dimensional analytical limit analysis and plane-strain finite element modeling. The limit analysis, supported by the models, indicates that narrow margins (slope regions that are approximately 50 to 100 km [31 to 62 mi] wide) require pore-fluid pressures that are 80–94% of the overburden weight for failure to occur, whereas for wider margins (400 km [250 mi] wide) like the Niger Delta, the corresponding values are 95–99%; these ranges depend on the intrinsic strength of sediments. In the large deformation models, gravitational spreading in response to sedimentation-induced overpressure caused by delta progradation is investigated. Shale is modeled as a viscoplastic Bingham fluid that is frictional-plastic below yield and has a yield criterion that depends on the effective pressure (mean stress minus pore-fluid pressure). The velocity of the postyield flow of the shale is limited by the viscosity of the Bingham fluid, chosen for this study to be 1018 Pas. Pore-fluid pressure is predicted parametrically to be proportional to the local sedimentation rate during progradation, where the proportionality constant, kc, depends inversely on the hydraulic conductivity. Varying the sediment progradation rate, the depth of onset of excess pore pressure, and kc produces model deformation patterns consistent with seaward-directed squeeze-type flow of overpressured shale (Poiseuille flow) or wholesale seaward motion of the shale and overburden (Couette flow), depending on the overall mobility of the model.
Evaluación de la gamba rosada, Aristeus antennatus (Risso 1816), en el mar Balear

Memoria de tesis doctoral presentada por Aina Carbonell Quetglas para optar al grado de Doctora por la Universitat de les Illes Balears (UIB), realizada bajo la direccion de la Dra. Montserrat Demestre Alted del Institut de Ciencies del Mar (ICM-CSIC)
The Effect of Bandwidth Limitations on the Inference of Earthquake Slip-Weakening Distance from Seismograms

Numerous researchers have obtained estimates of slip-weakening distance, Dc , and fracture energy for recent earthquakes. Dc is often observed to be a significant fraction of the total slip and tends to correlate with total slip. Although these observations may well be true of real earthquakes, we show that low-pass filtering of strong-motion seismograms can also produce some of these effects in inverted rupture models. We test the accuracy of Dc estimates by calculating them in low-pass-filtered versions of models A and B of Guatteri and Spudich (2000). Models A and B are two different rupture models for a hypothetical M 6.5 earthquake, and they have nearly identical rupture time, slip, and stress-drop distributions, and nearly identical predicted seismograms, but Dc for model B is about twice that for model A. By low-pass filtering slip models A and B at 1.0 Hz, we simulate the blurring effects of band-limited waveform inversions on these slip models. At each point on a fault, ! [Graphic][1] is defined to be the slip at the time of the peak slip speed at that point. Low-pass filtering the slip models causes an upward bias in Dc inferred from stress-slip curves, and it causes an artificial correlation between ! [Graphic][2] and the total slip. Low-pass filtering might also bias fracture energy high and radiated energy low. These biases should be considered when interpreting Dc derived from band-limited slip models of real earthquakes. [1]: /embed/inline-graphic-1.gif [2]: /embed/inline-graphic-2.gif
Thyroid status in pregnancy: Comparison of thyroid function abnormalities in women with and without a history of miscarriage or stillbirth

Objective: To evaluate thyroid function tests (TFTs) during pregnancy in women with previous history of miscarriage or stillbirth. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out at the department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology and Endocrinology, Lady Reading Hospital, Peshawar from February 2021 to March 2022. All multigravida women attending the antenatal clinics were included using consecutive sampling. These women were placed into two groups, Group-A comprised of women with no prior history of miscarriages or stillbirths, and those with a history of foetal death during previous pregnancies were assigned Group-B. Free T4, thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) and anti-thyroid peroxidase (TPO) antibodies were measured and the former two were used to label patients with thyroid dysfunction. Results: A total of 139 multigravida women were included in the study. About 43% of the women had a history of miscarriages or stillbirths. Thyroid dysfunction was observed overall in 36.69 % women, of whom 25.18% had sub-clinical hypothyroidism, 6.47% had hypothyroidism and 5.04 % were sub-clinical hyperthyroid. Women in Group-B had more thyroid functions abnormalities compared to Group-A (p<0.05). Moreover, there was significant difference in median TSH and freeT4 between the groups (p<0.001). Overall, thyroid dysfunction was found in 66.67% of patients who had a history of foetal death. Conclusions: In pregnant women with a history of miscarriage or abortion, thyroid functions abnormalities are common therefore routine thyroid testing is advised in pregnant women to prevent adverse perinatal outcomes.
Analysis of Drug Availability Management at the Regional General Hospital Pharmacy Installation

Pharmacy managerial activities are inseparable from the principles of drug availability management such as a series of needs planning activities, procurement, storage and distribution of drugs through hospital pharmacy installations. This study aims to analyze and obtain information on availability management at the Pharmacy Installation of the South Tapanuli Regional General Hospital. This type of research is qualitative with a descriptive approach using primary data and secondary data using the interview method. The informants interviewed at the pharmaceutical installation were the head of the pharmaceutical installation unit, the coordinator of pharmacy services, the head of the pharmaceutical warehouse/supplies, the coordinator of quality management and administration. Informants of this study were taken by purposive sampling and data analysis using triangulation and data reduction methods. The results of this study obtained that planning for drug needs uses the consumption method by looking at the need for previous use, but it has not been maximized, procurement has not gone well, drug shortages often occur, drug storage systems use the FIFO (First in First Out) and FEFO (First Expired First Out) systems. First Expired First Out). Storage is not up to standard, the waiting time for drug distribution to patients starting from the patient submitting the prescription to the delivery of the drug takes quite a long time for the drug to be finished. The conclusion is that the implementation of drug availability management has not run optimally according to standard operating procedures for services, so it is necessary to increase human resource knowledge through training related to drug planning.
A Creative Writing Intervention for Second Language Acquisition Development in Multilingual Students

The primary goal of this research is to examine how creative writing-based methods impact the development of narrative skill in students who are learning Greek as a second language at the A1-A2 proficiency levels. More specifically, this study aims to evaluate the extent to which the writing abilities of A1-A2 level Second Language Learners (SLL) can progress from basic, structured stories to more complex narratives at higher proficiency levels. In this study, a total of fifty-four A1-A2 level SLL were divided into two groups: the Experimental Group (E.G.) and the Control Group (C.G.). Both groups underwent a pretest and a posttest assessment. An intervention, consisting of six class hours per week over a three-month period, was exclusively administered to the E.G. When designing the creative writing activities, the research considered the A1-A2 level writing criteria and writing competencies outlined in the Common Application Text for European Languages. The results of the study reveal that, following the intervention, there was a statistically significant difference between the two groups. The C.G. displayed only a marginal improvement across all measurement scales, while the E.G. performance reached the levels of B1-B2 in terms of written narrative skill. These findings confirm previous research indicating that creative writing, as an engaging teaching approach, empowers A1-A2 level SLL to employ specific narrative techniques, thus elevating their narrative writing skill to B1-B2 proficiency levels. As a result, the discussion underscores the importance of enriching teaching practices with effective tools such as creative writing to enhance the narrative skill of multilingual students, ultimately facilitating their acquisition of a second language.
Clinical value of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and prognostic nutritional index on prediction of occurrence and development of diabetic foot-induced sepsis

Background Diabetic foot-induced sepsis is a serious complication associated with increased disability and mortality in hospitalized patients. Early prediction of admission and detection effectively improve treatment options and prevent further deterioration. This study aims to evaluate the clinical value of the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and prognostic nutritional index (PNI) to predict the risk of sepsis in patients with diabetic foot ulcers (DFU). Methods Retrospective analysis was performed on 216 patients who were admitted to the Fujian Medical University Union Hospital between January 2015 and December 2022. Patients with DFU were divided into the non-sepsis (n = 166) and the DFU-induced sepsis (n = 50) groups. The independent factors of DFU-induced sepsis were determined by univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was performed to compare the area under the curves (AUC) of PNI and NLR. Results Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that the PNI, NLR, international normalized ratio (INR), thrombin time (PT), and C-reactive protein (CRP) were independent prognostic factors for DFU-induced sepsis. After adjusting for potential confounders, the adjusted odds ratios of NLR for DFU-induced sepsis were 1.121 (1.072–1.172), 1.132 (1.077–1.189), and 1.080 (1.022–1.142), while those of PNI were 0.912 (0.873–0.953), 0.902 (0.856–0.950), and 1.004 (1.001–1.006). Moreover, the AUC of NLR was significantly greater than that of CRP (0.790, 95% CI: 0.689–0.891, p < 0.001 vs. 0.780, 95% CI: 0.686–0.873, p < 0.001). Conclusion NLR and PNI have been regarded as readily and independently predictive markers in patients with DFU-induced sepsis. NLR is critical for the early detection and effective treatment of DFU-induced sepsis and is superior to CRP.
Les chitinozoaires de la zone à Dicellograptus complanatus Formation de Vauréal, Ordovicien supérieur, Ile d'Anticosti, Québec

Borehole samples from the Vaureal Formation (Upper Ordovician), Anticosti Island, Quebec contain well preserved assemblages of chitinozoans; in this paper the specimens found in the Dicellograptus complanatus zone are described.In addition to the new forms recorded, Cyathochitina vaurealensis n. sp. and C. anticostiensis n. sp. , the assemblages are characterised by Acanthochitina barbata and Lagenochitina baltica, species which enable a correlation to be made between the Upper Ordovician (Upper Caradocian – Lower Ashgillian) of Europe.
Intergenerational Educational Mobility, Effects of Family and State in Malaysia

In this paper we explore evidence concerning the relationship between parents' and children's education using a new body of data, the Second Malaysian Family Life Survey (MFLS-2), which contains information on the education of as many as four generations within a given family. These data allow us to study the spread of education in Malaysia over much of this century by examining the educational attainment of birth cohorts from 1910 to 1980. More significantly, we use these data to study the effects of parental education on the progress of their children through elementary, secondary, and post-secondary school within a sequential discrete-time hazard model which allows for correlations among unmeasured family and individual-specific components. For a subset of the cohorts, we are able to introduce time-varying covariates to measure the family's economic circumstances, the quality of its environment, and the composition of the sibset at the time a given decision is made.
The effect of GeoGebra-assisted interactive learning on student mathematical achievement of coordinate system

This present study aims to examine the effect of GeoGebra-assisted interactive learning on student mathematical achievement of coordinate system. The study applied a quasi-experimental method that included 41 fifth grade students from a private Islamic school in Pekanbaru, Riau. The students were randomized into an experimental group (n=21) that received GeoGebra-assisted interactive learning and a control group (n=20) that received traditional teaching approach. Student mathematical achievement was measured using items of coordinate system developed by the researchers, and the data gathering in this study was analyzed using nonparametric statistical analysis. The findings indicated that there was significant statistical difference in student mathematical achievement of coordinate system between the experimental and control group (Asymp. Sig. (2-tailed) = 0.000 < 0.05)). The study concluded that the instruction based on GeoGebra-assisted interactive learning had a statistically significant positive effect on improving student mathematical achievement of coordinate system.
Discipline and punish : the birth of the prison

In the Middle Ages there were gaols and dungeons, but punishment was for the most part a spectacle. The economic changes and growing popular dissent of the 18th century made necessary a more systematic control over the individual members of society, and this in effect meant a change from punishment, which chastised the body, to reform, which touched the soul. Foucault shows the development of the Western system of prisons, police organizations, administrative and legal hierarchies for social control - and the growth of disciplinary society as a whole. He also reveals that between school, factories, barracks and hospitals all share a common organization, in which it is possible to control the use of an individual's time and space hour by hour.
FURONGIAN (LATE CAMBRIAN) SPONGE–MICROBIAL MAZE-LIKE REEFS IN THE NORTH CHINA PLATFORM

ABSTRACT During the Furongian (late Cambrian) and Early Ordovician, maze-like (maceriate) microbialites flourished in both Laurentia and Gondwana. The maze-like microbialites are characterized by centimeter- to decimeter-scale branching, complex structures. However, organisms responsible for the formation of maze-like structures are poorly known. In order to understand formational processes of maze-like microbialites, this study focuses on the Furongian microbialites of the North China Platform in which microbial components and siliceous sponges co-occur. The maze-like structures consist of microbial components such as microstromatolites, Girvanella, and Renalcis-like forms, as well as sponge spicule networks, whereas lime mud and bioclasts occupy the space between the structures. The maze-like structures developed on a relatively flat seafloor, forming low synoptic relief (<1 cm) above the sediment surface. Continuous growth of maze-like structures with balanced deposition of sediments led to meter-scale bioherms and biostromes, under the control of both microbes and siliceous sponges. This study suggests that siliceous sponges may have played an important role in the construction of maze-like structures between the end-Cambrian Series 2 extinction and the Great Ordovician Biodiversification Event.
Unveiling the Influence of Smoking and Uncontrolled Lipid Profile in the Development of ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction

We report a case of a 25-year-old male with the traditional risk factor for coronary artery disease (CAD), such as frequent smoking, while the other risk factors such as familial history of CAD were denied and hypertension, obesity, diabetes mellitus, or coagulation factors were not found. Patient was admitted with anterior ST-elevation myocardial infarction. Coronary angiography showed high intracoronary thrombus burden and total occlusion of the proximal segment of left anterior descending artery. Percutaneous coronary intervention was then performed as the treatment of choice, and resulted with no residual stenosis after. The patient had a smooth and progressive recovery.
ACTIVE TECTONICS OF THE EASTERN MARGIN OF THE TIBET PLATEAU

The eastern margin of the Tibet Plateau is composed of the Minshan Block and Longmenshan.Studies on tectonic landform show that the average sinister slip rate is 1.4 mm/a with a vertical rate of 0.3 mm/a along the Huya fault since late Quaternary.The average vertical slip rate is between 0.37 mm/a and 0.53 mm/a along the Minjiang fault and the sinister slip is similar to the vertical one.Among the Longmenshan Tectonic Zone,the Wenchuan-Maowen fault,Beichuan-Yingxiu and Penxian-Guanxian faults have the average vertical slip rates of 1 mm/a respectively,and show same amount of right and vertical offsets.Based on the data of focal mechanism and GPS survey,a tectonic deformation model of southeastwards extrusion of the eastern marigin of the Tibet Plateau is proposed.
Diurnal and Nocturnal Feeding Strategies in Common Eiders

Abstract Feeding activity of wintering Common Eiders (Somateria mollissima) was conducted in Southwest Greenland. Behavioral observations were made at two wintering sites, a fjord habitat and an outer coastal habitat, at which habitat characteristics and human activities differed considerably. In the coastal area where hunting and fishing was common and foraging typically occurred 0.5 to one km from the shore eiders were identified as primarily diurnal feeders. They also foraged during twilight periods, but only rarely at night. In contrast, in the fjord where human disturbance was rare and foraging occurred very close to the shore (<50 m) adult eiders fed only during twilight and at night. During daytime, birds gathered in large communal roosts in open water away from feeding areas. Occasionally, feeding was initiated by juveniles during daytime, but was discontinued due to interactions with White-tailed Eagles (Haliaeetus albicilla groenlandicus) and suggests that nocturnal feeding is an anti-predator mechanism. More experienced adult birds in the fjord did not attempt feeding during daylight hours. Large communal roosts observed at deep waters during previous aerial surveys suggest that nocturnal feeding maybe common throughout the fjords in Southwest Greenland.
Impact of Microorganisms Activity on Phosphorus Availability and its Uptake by Faba Bean Plants Grown on Some Newly Reclaimed Soils in Egypt

Two field experiments were conducted on two soil types, i.e., calcareous and sand soils located at West Nubaria and El Bostan regions respectively, Egypt, during the growing season of 2004. The current work aims to evaluate the effect of inoculation with Vesicular Arbuscular Mycorrhizal (VAM) and Phosphate Dissolving Bacteria (PDB, cited as a commercial product from Agriculture Research Center and called Phosphorin) on some soil physical properties, availability of P, some micronutrients (Fe, Mn, Zn & Cu) as well as their up-take by faba bean plants (Vicia faba L.) grown on the studied soils. VAM or PDB was used solely or in combination with three different levels of P-mineral supply for each of the studied soils (mono-superphosphate, 15.5% P2O5). Some plant parameters such as no. of nodules/plant, weight of nodules/plant, dry weight/plant, 100 seed weight and seed yield were also determined. The results obtained revealed that inoculation with VAM tended to decrease the values of soil bulk density in both the studied soils. It also caused an increase in the infiltration rate of calcareous soil, while an opposite trend was observed in the sandy one. Moreover, inoculation with VAM and PDB as solely or dually under the applied three P-mineral levels supply enhanced P and micronutrients availability in soil, consequently tended to increase their up-take by faba bean plants. These beneficial effects were positively reflected on each of the studied plant parameters of faba bean grown on both calcareous and sandy soils under consideration.
Differences in Help-Seeking Behavior among University Students during the COVID-19 Pandemic Depending on Mental Health Status: Results from a Cross-Sectional Survey

Background: Current evidence suggests that a significant proportion of university students are affected by mental disorders and suicidal ideation. Despite this, a treatment gap exists. Therefore, the present study assessed students’ knowledge and past use of on- and off-campus mental health services and help-seeking intentions. Furthermore, resilience was investigated as a potential barrier to help-seeking behavior. Methods: Data were collected between April and May 2022 from N = 5510 students from Saxony, Germany. To compare dependent variables, subgroups were computed according to students’ mental health status. Variables were assessed using standardized questionnaires. Chi-square tests were used for comparisons between groups. Multiple regression models were used to investigate the influence of resilience on help-seeking behavior. Results: Between 34 and 38% (depending on the subgroup) of participants indicated that they were not aware of their universities’ psychosocial counseling services. Furthermore, between 17 and 19% of participants indicated that they were not willing to seek help from professional mental health services. Finally, the previously found negative effect of resilience on help-seeking behavior was confirmed. Conclusion: The results showed a lack of awareness regarding universities’ mental health services and a treatment gap among university students. Universities and healthcare providers need to educate students about mental health services and how to access them. Further research is needed to elucidate the differential impact of resilience on mental health and help-seeking.