Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
GENETIC DIVERSITY AND POPULATION STRUCTURE OF THE DVEL'S TONGUE ARUM (AMORPHOPHALLUS KONJAC) IN SOUTH-WESTERN CHINA

Amorphophallus konjac, also known as the devil’s tongue arum, is the most widely utilised Amorphophallus species in China. To evaluate its genetic diversity and population structure, genetic variation in 18 wild A.konjac populations (182 individuals) from south-western China was assessed with 13 expressed sequence tag-derived simple sequence repeats (ESTSSRs). In total, 107 alleles were obtained from 13 loci in 18 populations. A moderate to high genetic diversity was detected (NA varied from 1.308 to 3.846, HO ranged between 0.256 and 0.615, HE ranged between 0.145 and 0.516, I ranged between 0.205 and 0.947). The pair wise genetic distance was significantly correlated with geographic distance in the mantel test, suggesting that isolation by distance was one of the reasons for the genetic variation in A. konjac populations. Genetic structure analysis divided the 18 populations into three groups, which were significantly related to their geographic origins. When developing conservation strategies, these genetic groups should be treated as distinct evolutionarily significant units. The results of our study suggest that the devil’s tongue arum in south-western China contains a high level of genetic variation. There is much potential in these materials for the genetic improvement.
Analysis of selective potato varieties and their functional assessment

Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.), is one of the major staple and world’s fourth largest food crop primarily of Latin American continent and yielded more dry matter per hectare than the major cereal crops. World over, it is ranked fourth amongst the other food crops like; wheat, rice and maize (Mahgoub et al., 2015). Ot is a delicious, nutritive and highly palatable vegetable with 75% water contents. Dne hundred grams of cooked potato provides 86 kilocalories energy containing 20 g carbohydrate, 1.7 g protein, 1.8 g fibres, 17 mg vitamin C, 11 mg riboflavin 1.2 mg niacin 13 mg calcium and traces of different other minerals and fibre (Fabbri & Crosby, 2016). Ot is low cholesterol and high potassium food containing important antioxidants thus capable of protecting human beings against cardiovascular diseases and cancer (Andre et al., 2009). On addition to its table and cookery use, number of processed potato products viz. potato crisp, potato patties, dehydrated potato granules, alcoholic beverages and flakes are being prepared. Commonly prepared dishes of potato include: Fried potatoes (French fries), boiled/steamed potatoes, baked potatoes and mashed potatoes mixed with yogurt or milk and butter (Tierno et al., 2016). However the most important one being the potato chips which gained terrific economic value in processed food industry.
Time-domain identification of damage in skeletal structures using strain measurements and gradient-based optimization

This paper presents an improved numerical tool for identification of damage in skeletal structures. The problem of identification has been formulated in the time domain within the framework of the Virtual Distortion Method (VDM). VDM generally belongs to fast structural reanalysis methods and can be applied to Structural Health Monitoring problems, among others. The major computational asset of VDM is the influence matrix, containing all the local-global inter-relations for a structure due to given perturbations e.g. initial strain or external force. A non-linear least squares problem with strains, entering the objective function, is the subject of consideration. Strains are used in order to have relatively smooth variations (compared to accelerations) of the analyzed signal in time. The change of stiffness is the design variable. Analytical gradients are implemented in the optimization code based on the Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm with some penalty function terms. The efficiency of the software tool is demonstrated for a numerical example of a 2D truss structure. A breakthrough in terms of computational time reduction has been observed compared to the previously used steepest-descent optimization. The presented software assumes the feasibility of reliable measurements of strains in time for real skeletal structures (e.g. truss bridges). Future research will include experimental verification of the idea with piezoelectric sensors acting as tensometers.
Cercariae of a Bird Schistosome Follow a Similar Emergence Pattern under Different Subarctic Conditions: First Experimental Study

The emergence of cercariae from infected mollusks is considered one of the most important adaptive strategies for maintaining the trematode life cycle. Short transmission opportunities of cercariae are often compensated by periodic daily rhythms in the cercarial release. However, there are virtually no data on the cercarial emergence of bird schistosomes from freshwater ecosystems in northern latitudes. We investigated the daily cercarial emergence rhythms of the bird schistosome Trichobilharzia sp. “peregra” from the snail host Radix balthica in a subarctic lake under both natural and laboratory seasonal conditions. We demonstrated a circadian rhythm with the highest emergence during the morning hours, being seasonally independent of the photo- and thermo-period regimes of subarctic summer and autumn, as well as relatively high production of cercariae at low temperatures typical of northern environments. These patterns were consistent under both field and laboratory conditions. While light intensity triggered and prolonged cercarial emergence, the temperature had little effect on cercarial rhythms but regulated seasonal output rates. This suggests an adaptive strategy of bird schistosomes to compensate for the narrow transmission window. Our results fill a gap in our knowledge of the transmission dynamics and success of bird schistosomes under high latitude conditions that may serve as a basis for elucidating future potential risks and implementing control measures related to the spread of cercarial dermatitis due to global warming.
Effect of bTCP filled polyetheretherketone on osteoblast cell proliferation in vitro

L. Petrovic, D. Pohle, H. Münstedt, T. Rechtenwald, K. A. Schlegel & S. Rupprecht* Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Glückstr. 11, 91054, Erlangen, Germany; Department of Materials Science, Institute of Polymer Materials, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Martensstr. 7, 91058, Erlangen, Germany; Bavarian Laser Center, Konrad-Zuse-Str. 2-6, 91052, Erlangen, Germany
COVID-19 Vaccine Intention and Knowledge, Literacy, and Health Beliefs among Japanese University Students

This study investigated the intention to get the coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine and its associated factors among Japanese university students. A cross-sectional survey was conducted from March to May 2021 via an e-learning platform at Akita University. Participants were 1776 graduate and undergraduate students who answered the survey on vaccine intention, the health belief model (HBM), sociodemographic characteristics, and concerns over COVID-19-related situations. Vaccine intention was stratified into active, slightly less, and no intention, and the associated factors were determined using the multinomial logistic regression model. Results showed that 56.7% of students had active intention, followed by slightly less intention (34.5%) and no intention (8.8%). After adjusting for covariates, healthcare course, perceived severity (life-threatening and serious social consequences), and perceived benefits from HBM were significantly associated with active intention, with adjusted odds ratios of 4.02 (95% confidence interval [CI], 2.11–7.67), 1.40 (95% CI, 1.16–1.69), 1.23 (95% CI, 1.04–1.46), and 2.03 (95% CI, 1.66–2.49), respectively; perceived barriers (side effect, troublesome, and parent disagreement) were adversely associated with active intention. The public health strategy to improve students’ vaccine uptake requires providing accurate information on vaccine safety and efficacy while removing any barriers to vaccination.
Population annealing molecular dynamics with adaptive temperature steps

Population annealing is a novel generalized-ensemble simulation scheme used in large-scale parallel Monte Carlo simulations of disordered spin systems and similar problems. In a recent publication we proposed a generalization of this method to molecular dynamics simulations of biopolymers. In the present article we review this work and introduce a scheme for automatically choosing the temperature steps based on the observed distribution of potential energies in the population of simulated replica.
Prospective evaluation of the motorized spiral enteroscope for previous incomplete colonoscopy

Background and study aims A significant percentage of colonoscopies remain incomplete because of failure to intubate the cecum. The motorized spiral enteroscope (MSE) technique, originally developed for deep small bowel enteroscopy, may be an effective alternative technique in cases of incomplete examination of abnormally long colons (dolichocolon). We prospectively evaluated the success rate of cecal intubation, safety and the therapeutic consequences of using MSE after incomplete conventional colonoscopy. Patients and methods A total of 36 consecutive patients with an indication for diagnostic and/or therapeutic colonoscopy were prospectively enrolled in this multicenter trial. All patients had undergone at least one incomplete colonoscopy attributed to abnormally long colons. Patients with incomplete colonoscopy due to stenosis were excluded. Results Twenty-two men and 14 women (median age 66 years, range 35–82) were enrolled. Median procedure time was 30 minutes (range 16–50). Cecal intubation rate was 100 % and median cecal intubation time was 10 minutes (range 4–30). Abnormalities, mostly neoplastic lesions, were detected in 23 of 36 patients, corresponding to a diagnostic yield of 64 %. All these findings were in the right side of the colon and had not been described by the antecedent incomplete coloscopy. No adverse events occurred. Conclusions In case of a difficult and long colon, MSE is safe and effective for diagnostic and therapeutic colonoscopy. It may provide an attractive solution to accomplish completeness of previous incomplete colonoscopies in these patients.
A107 WHAT SIZE CUT-OFF LEVEL SHOULD BE USED TO IMPLEMENT OPTICAL POLYP DIAGNOSIS?

Abstract Background The risk of advanced pathology increases with polyp size, as does the potential for mismanagement when optical diagnosis is used. This study aimed to evaluate the proportion of patients who would be assigned inadequate surveillance intervals when different size cutoffs are adopted for use of optical diagnosis. Methods In a post hoc analysis of three prospective studies, the use of optical diagnosis was evaluated for three polyp size groups: 1–3, 1–5, and 1–10 mm. The primary outcome was the proportion of patients in whom advanced adenomas were found and optical diagnosis resulted in delayed surveillance. Secondary outcomes included agreements between surveillance intervals based on high confidence optical diagnosis and pathology outcomes, reduction in histopathological examinations, and proportion of patients who could receive an immediate surveillance recommendation. Results We included 3374 patients (7291 polyps ≤ 10 mm) undergoing complete colonoscopies (median age 66.0 years, 75.2 % male, 29.6 % for screening). The percentage of patients with advanced adenomas and either 2- or 7-year delayed surveillance intervals (n = 79) was 3.8 %, 15.2 %, and 25.3 % for size cutoffs of 1–3, 1–5, and 1–10 mm polyps, respectively ( P < 0.001). Surveillance interval agreements between pathology and optical diagnosis for the three groups were 97.2 %, 95.5 %, and 94.2 %, respectively. Total reductions in pathology examinations for the three groups were 33.5 %, 62.3 %, and 78.2 %, respectively. Conclusion A 3-mm cutoff for clinical implementation of optical diagnosis resulted in a very low risk of delayed management of advanced neoplasia while showing high surveillance interval agreement with pathology and a one-third reduction in overall requirement for pathology examinations.
High-resolution, hard x-ray photoemission investigation of BaFe2As2: Moderate influence of the surface and evidence for a low degree of Fe 3d-As 4p hybridization of electronic states near the Fermi energy

Photoemission data taken with hard x-ray radiation on cleaved single crystals of the barium parent compound of the MFe2As2 pnictide high-temperature superconductor family are presented. Making use of the increased bulk sensitivity upon hard x-ray excitation, and comparing the results to data taken at conventional vacuum ultraviolet photoemission excitation energies, it is shown that the BaFe2As2 cleavage surface provides an electrostatic environment that is slightly different to the bulk, most likely in the form of a modified Madelung potential. However, as the data argue against a different surface doping level, and the surface-related features in the spectra are by no means as dominating as seen in systems such as YBa2Cu3Ox, we can conclude that the itinerant, near-EF electronic states are almost unaffected by the existence of the cleavage surface. Furthermore, exploiting the strong changes in photoionization cross section between the Fe and As states across the wide photon energy range employed, it is shown that the degree of energetic overlap between the iron 3d and arsenic 4p valence bands is particularly small at the Fermi level, which can only mean a very low degree of hybridization between the Fe 3d and As 4p states near and at EF. Consequently, this means that the itinerancy of the charge carriers in this group of materials involves mainly the Fe 3d-Fe 3d overlap integrals with at best a minor role for the Fe 3d-As 4p hopping parameters and that the states which support superconductivity upon doping are essentially of Fe 3d character.
Endogenous Sunk Cost, Scale Economies, and Market Concentration

This paper offers a theoretical explanation of the recent sales concentration in the U.S. economy. The model is based on in-house R&D, which is involved in scale economies. An R&D subsidy helps the expansion of larger firms and allows them to take higher markups. Thus, it induces a concentrated market structure.
A novel strategy for treatment of bladder cancer: Antibody-drug conjugates

In the past, there was no second-line chemotherapeutic agent suitable for use when urothelial carcinoma (UC) progressed to platinum-resistant UC. However, recently, several new treatment options, such as immune checkpoint inhibitors or targeted therapy have shifted the treatment paradigm regarding second-line therapeutic modalities. A novel class of therapeutic agents includes an antibody-drug conjugate (ADC). ADCs consist of three characteristics: a monoclonal antibody, linker, and payload. The specificity of the monoclonal antibody facilitates the delivery of a linked cytotoxic drug directly into the target tumor cell. Although various ADCs have been developed and approved for use in treating several solid tumors, almost all ADCs for the treatment of UC are still in the testing phase. Here, we review the key points about ADCs and summarize the novel ADCs that are approved or are involved in ongoing studies in UC.
Common ingroups and complex identities: Routes to reducing bias in multiple category contexts.

We tested the hypothesis that evaluative bias in common ingroup contexts versus crossed categorization contexts can be associated with two distinct underlying processes. We reasoned that in common ingroup contexts, self-categorization, but not perceived complexity, would be positively related to intergroup bias. In contrast, in crossed categorization contexts, perceived complexity, but not self-categorization, would be negatively related to intergroup bias. In two studies, and in line with predictions, we found that while self-categorization and intergroup bias were related in common ingroup contexts, this was not the case in crossed categorization contexts. Moreover, we found that perceived category complexity, and not self-categorization, predicted bias in crossed categorization contexts. We discuss the implications of these ﬁndings for models of social categorization and intergroup bias.
Nebkha development and its significance to wind erosion and land degradation in semi-arid northern China

Nebkhas (coppice dunes) are widely distributed in the agro-pastoral transitional zones of semi-arid northern China. Previous studies have suggested that they originated as a result of rapid desertification caused by extensive reclamations. However, our field investigations and analyses have shown that the origins of nebkhas are not closely associated with cultivation and land degradation, and their origin usually extend beyond the reclamation history of this region. Although the origins of nebkhas do not correlate with extensive reclamations, grassland reclamation has been found to accelerate the development and growth of nebkhas. Stratification and grain-size analyses have identified significant wind-energy fluctuations throughout the nebkha-building process, and records show that the strongest wind activities occurred between the mid-1960s and the mid-1980s. In addition, nutrient and grain-size analyses have revealed that grassland cultivation in semi-arid northern China has potential see front matter r 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. jaridenv.2005. 06.030 nding author. Key Laboratory of Desert and Desertification, Cold and Arid Regions al and Engineering Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 260 West oad, Lanzhou 730000, China. Fax. : +86 931 8273894. dress: xunming@ns.lzb. ac.cn (X. Wang).
Effect of propaquizafop alone and in mixture with other herbicides on weed dry weight and growth and yield of soybean

A field experiment was conducted on acidic soils of Palampur to study the effect of propaquizafop alone and in mixture with other herbicides on growth and yield of soybean and associated weeds. The experiment consisted of eleven treatments including unweeded check were tested in randomized block design and replicated thrice. Propaquizafop significantly reduced the dry weight of E. colona, C. banghalensis and C. iria but not of A. conyzoides and P. alatum. Post-emergence tank mix combination of propaquizafop 50 g + imazethapyr 100 g ha-1 at 20 DAS and quizalofop ethyl 60 g + chlorimuron-ethyl 4 g ha-1 at 15 DAS being comparable were more effective in reducing the dry weight of weeds and were comparable to hand weeding (20 and 40 DAS) in improving growth and yield of soybean. Uninterrupted growth of weeds reduced seed yield of soybean by 56.72 per cent.
Teaching Strategy and Academic Achievement of Secondary School Biology Students in Umuahia Education Zone , Nigeria

This study investigated the effect of Peer Tutoring teaching strategy on academic achievement of Biology students. Four research questions were posed and four hypotheses were set for analysis at p≤ 0.05 level of significance. Quasi experimental design was utilized. Purposive sampling was used to draw 40 students from two private schools in Umuahia education zone. Mean and, Standard Deviation were used to analyze the research questions and Analysis of Covariance was used to analyze the hypotheses. Results show that the mean achievement scores of student taught peer tutoring was 56.100 and those taught with Conventional teaching method, 47.100. The mean gain in achievement scores of students taught with Peer tutoring was 11.65 and that for Conventional teaching method was 9.20. The mean achievement scores of High ability, Average ability and low ability level students taught with Peer Tutoring were 74.000, 69.111 and 70.000 respectively. The mean achievement scores of High ability, Average ability and low ability level students taught with Conventional teaching method are 49.889, 50.222 and 40.000 respectively. There was no statistically significant difference in the mean achievement scores of students exposed to Peer Tutoring and Conventional Teaching methods, mean gain in achievement of students taught with the two strategies, male and female students taught with the two strategies. However a statistically significant difference was found between adjusted mean of the students’ ability level and the two techniques used, implying that there is interaction effect of instructional techniques and ability level on academic achievement of students. Recommendations were made among which the need for Biology teachers to utilize peer is tutoring alongside conventional teaching method in teaching Biology.
Precise predictions for Z -boson + 4 jet production at hadron colliders

We present the cross section for production of a Z boson in association with four jets at the Large Hadron Collider, at next-to-leading order in the QCD coupling. When the Z decays to neutrinos, this process is a key irreducible background to many searches for new physics. Its computation has been made feasible through the development of the on-shell approach to perturbative quantum field theory. We present the total cross section for pp collisions at sqrt{s} = 7 TeV, after folding in the decay of the Z boson, or virtual photon, to a charged-lepton pair. We also provide distributions of the transverse momenta of the four jets, and we compare cross sections and distributions to the corresponding ones for the production of a W boson with accompanying jets.
The Adoption of Enterprise Resource Planning and Business Intelligence Systems in Small and Medium Enterprises: A Conceptual Framework

The widespread globalism of services and the fast technological progress brought about by IT have made organizations today competitive in offering new products and services. One of the highlighted innovations is the enterprise resource planning and business intelligence system (ERPB), which has captivated the interest of industry analysts and policymakers due to its potential to provide more intellectual information for decision making and ensure its continuity. Firms must use ERPBI appropriately to flourish, as its misuse leads to failure. Even though research has focused on the factors influencing ERPBI adoption, most studies have ignored many factors that influenced the behavioral intention to adopt variable that significantly affects the adoption and use of technology. Ensuring the proper adoption of ERPBI is critical to corporate success. If ERPBI is misused, this will not serve its objective. Although a few studies have studied factors affecting the success of ERPBI adoption, the majority have failed to discover drivers of continuity and sustainability. This article proposed a conceptual framework for ERPBI adoption using the TOE and UTAUT models. Four main hypotheses were formulated for the three dimensions of technology, organization, and environment. The proposed framework is vital in adopting the ERPBI and could shape the direction in successfully adopting new technologies in SMEs. This study could fill in the gap in ERPBI research because previous studies have not focused on ERPBI adoption factors, ERPBI adoption, and business continuity.
Initial reforms and dynamics of transition

This article analyses the impact on the labor market of the transition from a state-controlled economy towards a market economy. We consider a dynamic matching-model with a declining and an emerging competitive sector. We show that there are two opposite strategies in the move towards a market economy: a massive decrease in employment or a small decrease in employment in the non-competitive sector. We find that the transition is achieved faster with a big reduction in state employment than with a small one. Surprisingly, the end of transition is also characterized by lower unemployment when there are massive layoffs - because in the short run, the high unemployment implied by the massive decrease makes job creation in the competitive sector more profitable. In fact, this seems to have been the way chosen by most of the CEECs.