Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The chemical composition, antimicrobial and antiradical properties of the essential oil of Achillea grandifolia aerial parts from Serbia

Aromatic plants and essential oils have many applications in medicine, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, and the food industry. The essential oil of the flowering aerial parts of Achillea grandifolia, obtained by hydrodistillation, was analyzed for its constituents and investigated for antimicrobial and radical scavenging activity. The essential oil was characterized by a high amount of oxygenated monoterpenes (72.7%) with 1,8-cineole (29.2%) and camphor (23.4%) being the most abundant. Sesquiterpenes were present in smaller quantities (4.8%). Antimicrobial activity was tested against eight ATCC bacterial strains and two ATCC strains of Candida albicans. The essential oil exhibited highly pronounced antimicrobial activity against Micrococcus luteus with a MIC value of 3.50 ? g/mL, as well as significant antimicrobial activity (<100 ? g/mL) against Staphylococcus aureus, S. epidermidis and Bacillus subtilis. Gram-negative bacteria Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were resistant. Achillea grandifolia essential oil exhibited concentration-dependent antiradical activity against 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical with an SC50 value of 5.4 mg/mL. The TLC-DPPH assay revealed two main light yellow spots indicating components with anti-DPPH activity, which after isolation were identified as 1,8-cineole and camphor.
Unraveling the Bacterial Assisted Degradation Pathway of Morpholine- a Xenobiotic Micropollutant: A Sustainability for Zero Pollution Environment

Biodegradation is the process by which chemicals both natural and xenobiotics are metabolized by microorganisms. Most naturally occurring chemical compounds are biodegradable while xenobiotic may be biodegradable, persistent or recalcitrant. Xenobiotic chemicals, because they are manmade and have developed recently, are present in the environment for comparatively shorter periods of time from its geological presence. This in turn means that the microbial communities present in these environments may not have evolved specific mechanisms for their degradation. Morpholine, a known xenobiotics micropollutant initially believes to be recalcitrant but later prove to be biodegradable by specific set of bacterium species most likely Mycobacterium and Pseudomonas sp in particular. However, the metabolic pathways involved in the successful biodegradation of morpholine stand challenging to establish because of its extreme water solubility and the lack of any chromophore group in morpholine which does not allow easy extraction process. Consequently, no tool for direct estimation of intermediates or metabolites of morpholine has been well reported and only indirect strategies have been developed like presence of microbial growth on intermediates, chemical/analytical assay for intermediate and ammonia measurements to elucidate the degradation pathway for zero pollution environment. In this present study degradation pathway has been ascertained by some selected bacterial isolate for their capacity to degrade morpholine. Based on the said analysis of culture filtrate, it has been revealed that the isolate namely Halobacillus utilizes glycolic route of the metabolic degradation pathway of morpholine and supports the fact that in presence of morpholine, one of two branches of morpholine biodegradation pathway namely ethanolamine and glycolate was was induced while the other branch was inhibited. Whatever the degradation pathway of morpholine exhibited by bacteria, ammonia is the end product of degradation which would be biochemically utilized by isolate.
Solvent screening for liquid-liquid extraction of levulinic acid from aqueous medium

ABSTRACT Lignocellulosic material represents an attractive raw material to the synthesis of different compounds with industrial interest. Among these compounds, levulinic acid has gained considerable attention. Nonetheless, the difficulty of separating it from the aqueous media and the low yield often obtained in its synthesis hinder its commercial production. The liquid-liquid extraction process can be an effective approach to overcome these limitations. The transfer of the levulinic acid from the aqueous medium to an organic phase avoids the contact of the acid with the catalyst, minimizing side reactions and simplifying the subsequent separation process. For this purpose, the solvent choice is of utmost importance. This work aimed to identify potential solvents for the extraction of levulinic acid from the aqueous medium. An initial screening was conducted using the COSMO-SAC model to estimate partition coefficients of levulinic acid in thirty different organic solvents. The highest partition of levulinic acid in the organic phase was calculated for 2-tert-butylphenol, MIBK and 2-heptanone. However, experimental data obtained for these systems showed that the model overestimated the partition coefficient values. The mutual solubilities between the two phases shift the activity of levulinic acid in the aqueous phase, which made the predictions inaccurate.
Zinc fertility of red delicious apple orchards and its association with soil properties in Tehsil Sanjavi, Balochistan

Prevailing Zn issue at the country level and some studies of fruit orchards highlighting Zn deficiency gave rise to the evaluation of apple orchards in Sanjavi Tehsil. Soil and leaf tissue samples were collected from twenty-five apple orchards (eight trees from each) covering four union councils (Sanjavi, Mana, Warchm and Poi) of Sanjavi Tehsil. Four cores were dug under each tree to have a representative soil sample. Leaves were collected from the middle of each newly emerged twelve shoots of each tree. According to the critical nutrient level (CNL) approach, there was no deficiency of plant available Zn in soil. All the samples (100%) were above the adequacy limit of 1.5 mg kg. Nonetheless, 7 out of 25 orchards had relatively less available Zn (1.8 to 3.0 mg kg) over others. In contrast to available Zn, the leaf tissue samples were at the edge of adequacy level. In other words, 100% samples were marginal (25-150 mg kg) and if no application is carried out in near future, soil available and leaf tissue Zn, both may further lower down. Positive and significant relationships illustrated that organic matter contributed to soil available and leaf tissue Zn
A CITYWIDE TRAUMA EXPERIENCE IN NIGERIA: THE WAY FORWARDS

Trauma is increasing in developing countries following technological and vehicular transportation advancement with attendant heightening of morbidity and mortality. As part of quest to reduce agony of trauma to barest minimum in Africa, Kampala Trauma Score was formulated in Uganda and validated across the globe. Considering our limitations of trauma management, this study was designed to investigate the issues surrounding trauma management in this locality by investigating injury pattern, pre-hospital and hospital responses, and formulation of innovative policies on trauma prevention. In 2013 to 2015, data were collected in three stages from each patient using a registry form: at presentation (Accident and Emergency), second and sixth weeks on admission. Included in the registry: socio-demographics; aetiology; timing sequence; categorization, management modalities; and outcomes. Out of 1392 patients recruited, male was 1028(74%) and female 364(26%) with age range from 2months to 94years. Traffic crashes accounted for 64% of trauma. Main social classes involved were civil servant/private employee, students and business owners. Most of the patients were multiply injured with extremities ranked 87%. Ninety-two percent of the injury was sustained unintentionally. Alcohol/drug use was registered in 12% and 81% had surgical operations. Kampala Trauma Score graded the injury as: severe 4%, moderate 11% and mild 85%. Conclusively, road traffic was the major cause of injury and mainly on musculoskeletal system. Pre-hospital management was non-existing while hospital response was rapid but with poor and inadequate facility. Kampala Trauma Score was then ranked to have the best policy on trauma management amongst others.
Effect of Cellulase Enzyme Produced from Penicillium chrysogenum on the Milk Production, Composition, Amino Acid, and Fatty Acid Profiles of Egyptian Buffaloes Fed a High-Forage Diet

Simple Summary Exogenous fibrolytic enzymes can improve nutrient digestibility of feeds high in fibrous content offered to Egyptian lactating buffaloes. The proposed cellulase exclusively produced in-farm using Penicillium Chrysogenum showed higher activity in previous in vitro studies. That is why it was chosen to get tested against a well-known commercial source of cellulase enzyme from the Egyptian markets for its efficiency in increasing milk productivity and composition. Profiles of amino acids and fatty acids were also recorded. The initial results highlighted a superiority of the produced enzyme (FENZ) against the commercial source (CENZ). It was also clear that FENZ can preserve higher proportions of fatty acids in the milk, primarily conjugated linoleic acid. Based on the idea rationale, our conclusion is to promote setting a small cellulase production unit in each farm in Egypt to decrease the cost of feeding by using agricultural and agro-industrial waste during the cellulase production and feeding process. Abstract The experiment was conducted to study the effects of supplementing a cellulase enzymes cocktail to lactating buffaloes’ diet, on the nutrient intake, nutrient digestibility, and milk production performance and composition. Twenty-four lactating Egyptian buffaloes were assigned into one of the following treatments: CON—control consisted of a total mixed ration, CENZ—the total mixed ration supplemented by a commercial source of cellulase enzyme, FENZ—the total mixed ration supplemented with cellulase enzyme cocktail produced in-farm. Supplementing the diet with the in-farm source of cellulase (FENZ) had a significantly higher impact on crude protein, neutral detergent fiber, and acid detergent fiber digestibility. However, FENZ tended to increase the EE digestibility compared to CENZ. FENZ showed significantly higher nutrient digestibility percentages compared to other groups. Supplementing the diet with cellulase enzymes (CON vs. ENZ) significantly increased the daily milk yield and the fat correct milk yield; both yields were significantly higher with FENZ than all groups. Oleic, linoleic, and linolenic acid concentration were significantly higher with cellulase enzymes supplementation (CON vs. ENZ) and the conjugated linoleic acid concentration. Supplementing fungal cellulase enzyme produced on a farm-scale has improved milk productivity, fat yield, and milk fat unsaturated fatty acids profile in lactating buffaloes.
Effect Of Marketing Mix, Service Quality, And University Image On Student Loyalty

This research aims to investigate the impact of the marketing mix, service quality, and university image on student’s loyalty. The main purpose of the study is divided into three sub-goal of investigating the effect of the marketing mix on student’s loyalty, investigates the effect of service quality on student’s loyalty and investigates the influence of university image on student loyalty. Questionnaires were distributed to the students as much as 200 questionnaires using Likert scale, yet only 167 questionnaires are returned. To process the data is used SPSS version 21. The results showedmarketing mix variable, service quality, and university image and a significant positive effect on student loyalty.
Prediction of climate change scenarios in Varanasi District, U. P., India, using simulation models

Climate change refers to climatic fluctuations over a long period of time such that shift in the type of climate may occur over an area. Its effect may be decisive both globally and regionally. Climate change scenarios are a powerful tool for understanding climate change, charting response strategies and supporting climate policy making. Thus, the present research was conducted to foretaste climate change scenarios in Varanasi district, during 2015-2054 using simulated data of 5 CMIP3 GCMs and weighted ensemble method in comparison with observed data. Weighted ensemble method is also method, for diminishing uncertainty in simulated results. Their simulated monthly climatic parameters, that have been received from the CCCSN website of Canada, were downscaled by bilinear interpolation. Then results of 4 downscaled climatic parameters in seasonal and annual scale were validated along with their observed data using statistical formula (R, D, MSD, SB, SDSD and LCS). Results showed that, weighted ensemble method, is generally desirable and proper method, in reducing uncertainty in simulated results. According to the results obtained for the period 2015 to 2054, climate of Varanasi district will experience increased temperature in four seasons and a decrease in rainfall for SW monsoon and post-monsoon seasons. In addition, a decrease is anticipated in relative humidity in winter and summer seasons. Furthermore, an increase was observed in predicted sea level pressure for post-monsoon season, summer and SW monsoon seasons.
High Figure of Merit and Low Cross Sensitivity Fiber Bragg Grating Accelerometer Based on Double Grid-Diaphragms

Use of a detailed parallel theoretical model has allowed the design of a high figure of merit and low cross sensitivity accelerometer based on fiber Bragg grating (FBG), and the good response characteristics have been demonstrated experimentally. The relationship between the sensitivity and resonant frequency is downplayed, the mechanism of expanding the frequency band and maintaining higher sensitivity has been analyzed. A FBG accelerometer with a good performance of higher main-axis sensitivity and lower cross sensitivity has been presented. The experimental results obtained indicate that the FBG accelerometer has a broad frequency range from 1 to 60Hz, the corresponding sensitivity range from 754.3 to 763.2pm/G, while the fluctuation is less than 3dB. The resonant frequency is 103Hz, and the corresponding cross sensitivity is less than −24.76dB (< 5%). The figure of merit is 78.61nm $\cdot $ Hz/G, it shows that the sensor has better comprehensive characteristics. An accelerometer with this performance thus has the potential for application in low frequency oil and gas seismic exploration.
The Impact of the Entomopathogenic Fungus Conidiobolus coronatus on the Free Fatty Acid Profile of the Flesh Fly Sarcophaga argyrostoma

Simple Summary The interaction between insect and fungus is characterised on the one hand by the parasite developing more effective strategies of host exploitation, and on the other, by the host mounting increasingly robust defences though Red Queen dynamics or coevolutionary arms races. Furthermore, depending on gene flow and differences in selection pressure between sites, both host and parasite may demonstrate local adaptation to their counterpart or develop more general resistance or offensive traits. As the cuticle is considered the first line of defence of the insect, changes in the FFA profile may well influence susceptibility or resistance to fungal invasion. Our findings indicate that Sarcophaga argyrostoma demonstrates stage-specific resistance to Conidiobolus coronatus infection and suggests that FFAs play a role in resistance to fungal infection in flesh flies. These findings not only increase our knowledge of the entomopatogenic potential of fungi, but also of the growing level of infection by C. coronatus in humans and other mammals. Also, the presented research suggests that FFAs demonstrate antifungal activity which may be helpful in designing new antifungal treatments. Abstract The chemical composition of the insect cuticle varies remarkably between species and their life stages. It can affect host resistance and substrate utilization by invading entomopathogen fungi, such as the soil fungus Conidiobolus coronatus. In this study, Sarcophaga argyrostoma flies were exposed to sporulating C. coronatus colonies for 24 h; the pupae were resistant, but the adults demonstrated 60% mortality. Although the pupae demonstrated no sign of infection nor any abnormal development, our findings indicate that after 24 h of contact with the fungus, the pupae demonstrated a 25.2-fold increase in total cuticular free fatty acids (FFAs) and a 1.9-fold decrease in total internal FFAs. Also, the cuticular FFA increased from 26 to 30, while the internal FFA class increased from 13 to 23. In exposed adults, the total mass of cuticular FFAs increased 1.7-fold, while the number of FFAs stayed the same (32 FFAs). Also, the internal FFA class increased from 26 to 35 and the total FFA mass increased 1.1-fold. These considerable differences between adults and pupae associated with C. coronatus exposure indicate developmental changes in the mechanisms governing lipid metabolism and spatial distribution in the organism, and suggest that cuticular lipids play a vital role in the defence against pathogenic fungi.
Coronary Artery Aneurysm in Kawasaki Disease: Coronary CT Angiography through the Lens of Pathophysiology and Differential Diagnosis.

Kawasaki disease (KD) is an inflammatory autoimmune vasculitis affecting the coronary arteries of very young patients, which can result in coronary artery aneurysms (CAAs) with lifelong manifestations. Accurate identification and assessment of CAAs in the acute phase and sequentially during the chronic phase of KD is fundamental to the treatment plan for these patients. The differential diagnosis of CAA includes atherosclerosis, other vasculitic processes, connective tissue disorders, fistulas, mycotic aneurysms, and procedural sequelae. Understanding of the initial pathophysiology and evolutionary arterial changes is important to interpretation of imaging findings. There are multiple applicable imaging modalities, each with its own strengths, limitations, and role at various stages of the disease process. Coronary CT angiography is useful for evaluation of CAAs as it provides assessment of the entire coronary tree, CAA size, structure, wall, and lumen characteristics and visualization of other cardiothoracic vasculature. Knowledge of the natural history of KD, the spectrum of other conditions that can cause CAA, and the strengths and limitations of cardiovascular imaging are all important factors in imaging decisions and interpretation. Keywords: Pediatrics, Coronary Arteries, Angiography, Cardiac © RSNA, 2021.
Understanding the rapid intensification of tropical cyclone Titli using Hurricane WRF model simulations

Understanding Rapid Intensification (RI) is crucial for improving the Tropical Cyclone (TC) intensity forecast skill and TC induced disaster preparedness. The physical processes that lead to RI are not well studied over the North Indian Ocean (NIO) region. Two TC cases, i.e., Titli (exhibited RI) and Phethai (not exhibited RI) from the 2018 post-monsoon season are considered to understand the environmental conditions responsible for making RI happen. The Hurricane Weather Research and Forecasting (HWRF) model produced simulations for Titli and Phethai are analyzed to understand the intensification changes. The purpose of this study is to investigate the environmental and storm structure characteristics that led to the RI of TC Titli when compared to TC Phethai. The Phethai and Titli simulations are initially validated against the best estimations by India Meteorological Department (IMD) and compared in terms of the environmental vertical wind shear as this parameter is often negatively correlated with TC intensification. Area averages of the deep-layer and mid-layer vertical wind shear over the TC environment suggest that shear did not affect the intensification of the Titli simulation. Initially, Titli contained higher magnitudes of relative humidity throughout the troposphere within the storm’s circulation. This steered to a higher upward mass flux in the troposphere and rapid intensification of relative vorticity (circulation) in the middle troposphere prior to any significant change ensued at the surface. After a deep vortex was established, the mass flux (and lower-tropospheric convergence) continued to rise, leading to RI. These results offer a basis for future research to understand better and forecast the development of RI.
Public Opinion toward Asylum Seekers in Post-Communist Europe: A Comparative Perspective

ABSTRACT The study examines public attitudes toward asylum seekers in seven post-communist countries—Czechia, Estonia, Hungary, Lithuania, Poland, Russia, and Slovenia—from a cross-national comparative perspective. Based on the 2016 European Social Survey, the findings reveal that the level of exclusionary attitudes toward asylum seekers in post-communist Europe is higher than that in Western Europe, although it varies meaningfully across post-communist countries. The study considers cross-country variance in the exclusionary attitudes in light of countries’ structural characteristics, including ethno-cultural composition of local populations. Individual-level analysis examines divides in the exclusionary attitudes along socio-economic, ethnic, and religious lines within the native-born populations.
Relational incentives theory.

Our life is built around coordinating efforts with others. This usually involves incentivizing others to do things and sustaining our relationship with them. Using the wrong incentives backfires: it lowers effort and tarnishes our relationships. But what constitutes a "wrong" incentive? And can incentives be used to shape relationships in a desired manner? To address these and other questions, we introduce relational incentives theory, which distinguishes between two aspects of incentives: schemes (how the incentive is used) and means (what is used as an incentive). Prior research has focused on means (e.g., monetary vs. nonmonetary incentives). Our theory highlights the importance of schemes, with a focus on how they interact with social relationships. It posits that the efficacy of incentives depends largely on whether the scheme fits the relational structure of the persons involved in the activity: participation incentive schemes for communal sharing relations, hierarchy for authority ranking relations, balancing for equality matching relations, and proportional incentive schemes for market pricing relations. We show that these four schemes encompass some of the most prevalent variants of incentives. We then discuss the antecedents and consequences of the use of congruent and incongruent incentive schemes. We argue that congruent incentives can reinforce the relationship. Incongruent incentives disrupt relational motives, which undermines the coordinating relationship and reduces effort. But, importantly, incongruent incentives can also be used intentionally to shift to a new relational model. The theory thus contributes to research on relational models by showing how people constitute and modulate relationships. It adds to the incentives and contracting literatures by offering a framework for analyzing the structural congruence between incentives and relationships, yielding predictions about the effects of incentives across different organizational and individual-level contexts. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).