Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Health system readiness for roll out of the Ayushman Bharat Health and Wellnes Centres – Early experiences from Punjab State

Background: The Government of India launched the Ayushman Bharat (AB) program in 2018 which aims to transform 150,000 existing Sub Health Centres and Primary Health Centres into Ayushman Bharat Health and Wellness Centres (HWCs). In this study, we assessed health system readiness for establishment of HWCs. Methods: The assessment comprised of a cross sectional facility assessment and a knowledge assessment of community health officers (CHOs) and female multipurpose health workers also known as auxiliary nurse midwives (ANMs), in 26 HWCs in one community development block of Punjab state. HWCs were assessed for key input and process parameters such as a human resource, physical infrastructure, supplies, capacity building etc., and processes including health promotion, community participation, digitization of management information system, and service delivery. Results: It was observed that only 7 of the 26 HWCs had all human resources as per guidelines. The median knowledge score of CHOs and ANMs was 54% and 51% respectively. 11 of the 26 HWCs were co-located with Zila Parishad SHCs. Out of the 15 standalone HWCs, while 9 had independent buildings, 5 were located in buildings of other community level institutions. 50 percent of the HWCs were not able to perform diabetes screening due to lack of glucometers or testing supplies. While services for non-communicable diseases were available, a two-way referral tracking system for patients was missing. The mean job satisfaction rated by the newly appointed CHOs was 3.12 on a scale of 1 to 5, where 5 represented very high job satisfaction. Conclusion: The operationalization of HWCs requires State and local level interventions for strengthening of existing physical infrastructure, ensuring a regular supply of medicines and consumables, development of referral mechanisms for patients and enhancing community participation.
Effect of benson's relaxation technique on anxiety in family caregivers of patients with cancer: A randomized controlled trial

Background: Family caregivers of patients with cancer experience high levels of anxiety and mental health problems. Relaxation methods have seldom been used in these caregivers. Objectives: This study tested the effect of Benson's relaxation method (BRM) on state anxiety in family caregivers of patients with cancer. Methods: A randomized controlled trial was conducted on 50 primary family caregivers of patients with cancer. Family caregivers were randomly assigned to a control group and an experimental group, each group consisted of 25 people. In the experimental group, the subjects were trained to practice the BRM at home, once a day for 6 weeks. Family caregivers' anxiety was measured at the start of the study and at the end of the 6th and 10th weeks by using Spielberger's State Anxiety Inventory (i.e., form y–1). The data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics such as the Fisher's exact, independent samples t, and Mann–Whitney U tests as well as the repeated-measures analyses of variance. Results: No significant difference was found between the mean baseline state anxiety of the control and experimental groups (P = 0.329). However, during the study, the mean anxiety was decreased in the experimental group, whereas it did not significantly change in the control group. The repeated-measures analysis showed that BRM could significantly reduce the mean state anxiety (P <0.001) over time. Conclusion: Regular use of BRM for 6 weeks could decrease the mean scores of state anxiety in family caregivers of patients with cancer. Nurses and other healthcare providers are suggested to teach BRM to the family caregivers of cancer patients and advise them to use this method regularly for the reduction of their own anxiety.
Impact of exclusive breast feeding until six months of age on common illnesses: A prospective observational study

Objectives: The WHO recommends exclusive breast feeding (EBF) for all infants for the first six months of life. National Family Health Survey-4 (2015-16) shows EBF rates of only 54.9%. We conducted a prospective study to assess prevalence of EBF and incidences of illnesses in infants from birth till six months of age. Methods: Healthy term infants born in our hospital between December 2017 and November 2018 were recruited at birth. Structured diary cards were given to mothers to record feeding patterns, occurrence and severity of illnesses. Mothers were interviewed at 6, 10, 14 and 26 weeks or contacted by telephone at 18 and 22 weeks. Data were analyzed using SPSS IBM Statistics 22. Results: The prevalence of EBF among 450 infants (M:F = 1.3:1) who completed the study was 47% at 6 months. 185 (69 EBF + 116 non-EBF) of 450 infants reported a total of 242 illnesses, most commonly respiratory (82.6%) followed by gastrointestinal (11.6%). Number of illnesses per infant was 0.45 and 0.6 in EBF group and non-EBF group respectively (p = 0.015). Illness incidences in EBF infants were significantly lower during all successive time intervals after 10 weeks of age. Logistic regression analysis confirmed significantly lower illness incidences in EBF infants at 10-14 weeks [OR = 0.27 (CI 0.12-0.64)] and 18-22 weeks [OR = 0.50 (CI 0.27-0.90)]. Conclusions: The prevalence of EBF is suboptimal in our setting, with illness incidences significantly higher in non-EBF children. Appropriate intervention strategies need to be tailored to reinforce early initiation and continuation of EBF throughout the first six months of life.
Effects of Time Pressure and Mental Workload on Physiological Risk Factors for Upper Extremity Musculoskeletal Disorders While Typing

Work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) are a major source of lost productivity and revenue in the workplace and disability in workers. There is strong evidence for a relationship between physical risk factors, such as repetitive motions and excessive force, and the development of WMSDs; yet there are unexplained discrepancies in determining which workers are more at risk. Researchers hypothesize that non-physical factors in the workplace, or psychosocial factors, may contribute to the development of WMSDs. The following study examined the effects of two psychosocial factors, mental workload and time pressure, on perceived workload and physiological reactions of the lower arm and wrist during typing activity by measuring muscle activation patterns, wrist posture and movement, key strike forces, and subjective assessments of overall workload. The results indicate that increases in time pressure lead to increases in lower arm muscle activation, key strike forces, and wrist deviations. Key strike forces may increase with higher mental workload levels, but other effects of mental workload were not clear. Perceived overall workload (time load, mental effort load, and stress load) increased with mental workload and time pressure, and typing performance decreased. The evidence from this study suggests that these psychosocial factors (mental workload and time pressure) mediate physical risk factors to increase risk for WMSD development in the upper extremities. The results illustrate the need for those designing jobs and work tasks to consider both physical and psychosocial aspects of the working environment to prevent injuries in employees. Acknowledgments I would like to thank the National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health and the Grado Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering for providing funding for both my graduate education and research. I would also like to thank my advisor and committee members for their advice and guidance as well as my friends, family, experiment participants, and fellow human factors students for time, support, and patience.
Nowcasting Slovak GDP by a Small Dynamic Factor Model

The aim of this paper is to estimate a small dynamic factor model (DFM) for nowcasting GDP growth in Slovakia. The model predicts the developments of real activity based on monthly indicators, such as sales, employment, employers’ health care contributions, export and foreign surveys. The forecast accuracy of the model prevails over naive models that ignore monthly data. This result holds especially on the shortest horizon of one quarter ahead and on the evaluation period including the crisis of 2008-2009. Thus we may conclude that our small DFM is a valuable indicator of business cycle turning points in Slovakia. Further, the model allows for frequent and automatic updates of the GDP forecast each time new monthly data becomes available. This makes it useful for institutions which monitor the developments of monthly indicators of real activity.
Optimization Methods for Patient Positioning in Leksell Gamma Knife Perfexion

Optimization methods for patient positioning in Leksell Gamma Knife R © Perfexion Kimia Ghobadi Doctor of Philosophy Graduate Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering University of Toronto 2014 We study inverse treatment planning approaches for stereotactic radiosurgery using Leksell Gamma Knife R © Perfexion (PFX, Elekta, Stockholm, Sweden) to treat brain cancer and tumour patients. PFX is a dedicated head-and-neck radiation delivery device that is commonly used in clinics. In a PFX treatment, the patient lies on a couch and the radiation beams are emitted from eight banks of radioactive sources around the patient’s head that are focused at a single spot, called an isocentre. The radiation delivery in PFX follows a step-and-shoot manner, i.e., the couch is stationary while the radiation is delivered at an isocentre location, and only moves when no beam is being emitted. To find a set of well-positioned isocentres in tumour volumes, we explore fast geometrybased algorithms, including skeletonization and hybrid grassfire and sphere-packing approaches. For the selected set of isocentres, the optimal beam durations to deliver a high prescription dose to the tumour are later found using a penalty-based optimization model. We next extend our grassfire and sphere-packing isocentre selection method to treatments with homogenous dose distributions. Dose homogeneity is required in multisession plans where a larger volume is treated to account for daily setup errors, and thus large overlaps with surrounding healthy tissue may exist. For multi-session plans, we explicitly consider the healthy tissue overlaps in our algorithms and strategically select many isocentres in adjacent volumes to avoid hotspots. There is also interest in treating patients with continuous couch motion to decrease
Performance engineering of multicore software: developing a science of fast code for the post-Moore era

The end of Moore’s Law, which experts predict to occur in as few as 5 years, means that even average programmers will need to be able to write fast code. Software performance engineering offers great promise to provide computer performance gains in the post-Moore era, but developing efficient software today requires substantial expertise and arcane knowledge of hardware and software systems. Multicore processors are particularly challenging to use efficiently, because doing so requires programmers to engage in parallel programming and to deal with nondeterministic program behavior and parallel scalability concerns. I contend that we can remedy the ad hoc and unprincipled nature of software performance engineering by creating simple and integrated programming technologies for writing fast code. This thesis studies how such technologies can be built by examining nine artifacts that enable principled approaches to tackling nondeterminism and scalability concerns in writing efficient multicore software. Five artifacts develop programming models and theories of performance for writing multicore programs that are efficient both in theory and in practice: • PBFS, a work-efficient parallel breadth-first search algorithm. • The Prism chromatic-scheduling algorithm, which executes dynamic data-graph computations deterministically in parallel. • Ordering heuristics for parallel greedy graph coloring algorithms. • The pedigree mechanism and DotMix algorithm for generating pseudorandom numbers deterministically in parallel in dynamic multithreaded programs. • The Cilk-P concurrency platform, which provides linguistic and runtime support for deterministic on-the-fly pipeline parallelism. Three artifacts strive to embed abstract programming and performance models into tools and compilers: • Cilkprof, a profiler that efficiently measures how each call site in a Cilk program contributes to the program’s scalability. • Rader, a provably good race detector for Cilk programs that use reducer hyperobjects. • The Tapir compiler intermediate representation, which enables existing compiler optimizations for serial code to optimize across parallel control flow with minimal changes. The final artifact tackles the complexity of creating efficient diagnostic tools: • CSI, a framework that provides comprehensive static instrumentation for efficient dynamic-analysis tools. Together, these artifacts contribute to developing a more coherent science of fast code for multicores than exists today. Thesis Supervisor: Charles E. Leiserson Title: Professor of Computer Science and Engineering
What's Next for the LMS? From Walled Gardens to Open Ecosystems

Nationwide over 90% of educational institutions are running a learning management system. Yet there seems to be a restlessness with the current LMS design since it matches up poorly with newer teaching and learning models. Is there anything out there that truly differentiates itself from the pack? What do we see peeking over the horizon? In this session, the presenter will provide perspectives on the future of LMSs and what we might expect to see and utilize over the next several years. Spoiler alert: there is no big reveal! But terms like ecosystems and Lego approaches will be used generously. You may want to attend this session if for no other reason than to affirm your own (school’s) knowledge and preparedness for the future. This presentation is based in part on the ELI Paper (Educause) called "Next Generation NGDLE (Next Generation Digital Learning Environment) which was developed in partnership with the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation. The research explored the gaps between current learning management tools and a digital learning environment that could meet the changing needs of higher education. April 2015, Malcolm Brown, Joanne Dehoney, Nancy Millichap
Inclusion of Entrepreneurially Minded Learning (EML) Modules in 2nd-Year Core Engineering Courses

Modules that focus on entrepreneurially minded learning (EML) were developed for inclusion in 2-year core engineering courses at Western New England University. The courses in which modules were implemented include Statics (ME 202) and Probability & Statistics (IE 212); these courses were selected to maximize coverage in the curriculum since all undergraduate engineering majors take one or both of these courses during their studies. The Statics module involved a case study focused on a historical engineering failure, allowing students to gain an understanding of why the structure failed and ways the design could be improved. The module in Probability & Statistics consisted of market research analysis that was used to make a datadriven decision on where to locate a new facility for a fictitious company. Results from preand post-activity surveys for these modules showed statistically significant changes in studentreported knowledge/ability regarding various EML skills, including importance of investigating the market (IE 212) and evaluating customer needs (ME 202). Additionally, student answers to free response questions indicate the modules were successful in challenging the students’ perception of EML and the importance of EML skills. Introduction Recently, there has been significant interest in the inclusion of activities based on entrepreneurially minded learning (EML) in engineering courses. The interest is due to a variety of factors, including feedback from employers that students with EML skills are more highly sought than those with strictly technical backgrounds. Skills that have been identified as being important for an entrepreneurial mindset include effective communication, teamwork, customer awareness, learning through failure, and tolerance for ambiguity. Since these skills are not typically cultivated in the traditional engineering curriculum, new EML-based activities that can be implemented in existing engineering courses are highly sought. At Western New England University, we are focusing our new EML modules on 2-year core engineering courses, so as to maximize coverage in the curriculum while also complementing existing EML activities in 1and 4year courses (e.g,. Introduction to Engineering and Senior Design, respectively). Here, we describe EML modules that were developed for Statics (ME 202) and Probability & Statistics (IE 212). These courses were selected to maximize coverage in the curriculum since all undergraduate engineering majors take one or both of these courses during their studies.
PENGARUH AUDIT RISK, AUDIT COMPLEXITY, DAN AUDIT EXPERTISE TERHADAP AUDIT REPORT LAG

Perkembangan pasar modal di Indonesia menyebabkan adanya permintaan akan transparansi kondisi keuangan perusahaan yang terpercaya dan up to date. Laporan keuangan disusun dan disajikan sekurang-kurangnya sekali dalam setahun untuk memenuhi kebutuhan para pengguna, misalkan sebelum memutuskan untuk berinvestasi di Bursa Efek Indonesia, investor memerlukan informasi laporan keuangan perusahaan Tbk yang diterbitkan. Setiap perusahaan publik yang terdaftar dalam BEI diwajibkan untuk menyampaikan laporan keuangan yang disusun sesuai dengan standar akuntansi keuangan dan telah diaudit oleh akuntan publik yang terdaftar di Badan Pengawas Pasar Modal. Laporan keuangan yang telah diaudit oleh auditor eksternal, bertujuan untuk memperoleh sebuah opini, positif maupun negatif, sebelum di rilis dan di tunjukan kepada pihak-pihak eksternal terkait dengan instansi. Tetapi, informasi di dalam laporan keuangan hanya berguna jika laporan keuangan tersebut up to date dan mampu di sajikan kepada investor pada waktu yang tepat secara timely basis. Sehingga jika adanya keterlambatan ataupun penerbitan laporan keuangan terlalu lama maka akan memberikan sinyal negatif kepada para stakeholder Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah menguji secara empiris pengaruh audit risk, audit complexity, dan audit expertise terhadap audit report lag. Dalam penelitian ini audit risk dibentuk dengan empat proksi yaitu profitabilitas, leverage, Altman Z-Score, dan kewajiban kontinjensi. Sedangkan audit complexity dibentuk dengan dua proksi yaitu ukuran perusahaan dan opini auditor. Lalu audit expertise dibentuk dengan proksi reputasi auditor. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah perusahaan manufaktur yang terdaftar di BEI periode tahun 2011-2013 dengan jumlah 136 perusahaan. Sampel dipilih dengan menggunakan metode sensus. Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini di analisis menggunakan Structural Equation Model (SEM) dengan model pendekatan Partial Least Square (PLS). Analisis PLS dilakukan dengan menggunakan software SmartPLS 3.0. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan terdapat 58 perusahaan yang memenuhi kriteria target populasi yang ditetapkan dalam penelitian. Hasil pengujian dalam penelitian ini mendapatkan bukti empiris bahwa audit risk dan audit complexity berpengaruh positif secara signifikan terhadap audit report lag, sedangkan, audit expertise berpengaruh negatif secara signifikan terhadap audit report lag.
CLIMATE CHANGE AND ITS IMPACTS ON TREE GROWTH OF BLUE PINE (PINUS WALLICHIANA) FOUND IN MALAM JABBA, SWAT

A study was conducted to assess the change in climate that has happened in Malam Jabba, Swat Forest Division for the last 30 years i.e. 1985-2015 and its impact on the tree ring widths (growth) of Blue pine (Pinus wallichiana). Results of the study showed an increase of 1.20°C in annual temperature and 9.58 mm in annual precipitation for the studied period. Correlation and Response Function Analysis between tree rings and climatic parameters indicated an obvious transformation in both coefficients from June-September of the previous year to current growth years in case of precipitation and during the month of June in case of temperature. Significant positive correlation was found with June of the current growth season in case of mean monthly temperature. Moreover, June temperature along-with availability of rainfall has been found favoring the growth of this tree species.
Feature-based Multi-action Tabletop Rearrangement

—The ability to rearrange a physical environment depends to varying degrees on perceptual skill, the ability to navigate unstructured environments, manipulate objects effectively, and long-horizon task planning. Previous studies on rearrangement are restricted by object-centric assumptions and either deal with sparse arrangement of objects or do not adapt to different goal configurations. We propose a feature-based method that jointly learns two action primitives and a rearrangement planning policy in a table-top setting. Two separate fully-connected networks map visual observations to actions and another deep neural network learns rearrangement planning conditioned on the goal specification, perceptual input and selected action primitive. We directly compare our method with a state-of-the-art model in simulation and achieve comparable results on general rearrangement tasks. We show that our system can handle more challenging settings (non-singulated objects and object swaps) which the state-of-art-model struggles with.
Subthalamic Beta Activity in Parkinson's Disease May Be Linked to Dorsal Striatum Gray Matter Volume and Prefrontal Cortical Thickness: A Pilot Study

Background Excessive oscillations at beta frequencies (13–35 Hz) in the subthalamic nucleus (STN) represent a pathophysiological hallmark of Parkinson's disease (PD), which correlates well with parkinsonian symptoms and is reduced in response to standard disease treatments. However, the association of disease-specific regional gray matter (GM) atrophy or cortical thickness (CT) with the presence of STN beta oscillatory activity has been poorly investigated but is of relevance given the potential of these variables for extracting information about PD pathophysiology. This exploratory study investigated the involvement of regional GM volume and CT in the basal ganglia-cortical network and its potential association with the presence of STN beta oscillatory activity in PD. Methods We acquired preoperative GM densities on T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging scans and we carried out regional estimation of GM volume and CT. LFP activities from the STN were recorded post-operatively in 7 cognitively preserved PD patients off dopaminergic medication undergoing deep-brain stimulation surgery. Oscillatory beta power was determined by power spectral density of 4-min resting state STN LFP activity. Spearman partial correlations and regression analysis were used to screen the presence of STN beta power for their relationship with GM volume and CT measurements. Results After controlling for the effects of age, educational level, and disease duration, and after correcting for multiple testing, enhanced STN beta power showed significant and negative correlations between, first, volume of the right putamen and left caudate nucleus, and second, smaller CT in frontal regions involving the left rostral middle frontal gyrus (MFG) and left medial orbitofrontal gyrus. A lower volume in the right putamen and a lower CT in the left MFG demonstrated the strongest associations with increased STN beta power. Conclusions These tentative results seem to suggest that STN LFP beta frequencies may be mainly linked to different but ongoing parallel neurodegenerative processes, on the one hand, to GM volume reduction in dorsal striatum, and on the other hand, to CT reduction of prefrontal-“associative” regions. These findings could further delineate the brain structural interactions underpinning the exaggerated STN beta activity commonly observed in PD patients.