Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The influence of viscosity on the motility and sensory ability of the dinoflagellate Heterocapsa triquetra

Seawater viscosity is influenced by temperature as well as through excretion of exopolymers by some plankton. We examined the role of viscosity on the movement patterns and sensory abilities of the dinoflagellate Heterocapsa triquetra, manipulating the viscosity of seawater to simulate a 10+1.58C temperature change. In a second treatment, we seeded the water with microbeads to examine swimming behaviours in the presence of a mechanical stimulus. Increased viscosity reduced distances between conspecifics 4.7-fold and increased distances between protists and microbeads by 3.4-fold. Increased viscosity also affected other aspects of motility, with an overall reduction in swimming speed of 2.0- and 7.0-fold for treatments with and without mechanical stimuli. Higher viscosities were associated with upward vertical migration, in both the presence and absence of microbeads. Cells were highly sensitive to disturbances to the velocity field, by as little as 1.5%, and different approach distances of H. triquetra to conspecifics over mechanical stimuli suggest sensory capacity to distinguish types of particles. Mediation of motility and migratory behaviours through viscosity implies ramifications for the distribution of protists and their encounters with resources, predators and conspecifics triggered by events such as temperature changes and phytoplankton bloom events.
Zoogeographical Studies on the Soleoid Fishes Found in Japan and its Neighbouring Regions-III

It is well known that coefficient of closeness (C=100c/√S1S2), which is the ratio of the number of common species (c) between two different localities to the geometric mean of their respective total number of species (S1, S2) proposed by OTSUKA, is useful in precisely comparing the faunistic feature between two different localities. With a view to our clarifying the distributional pattern of each species, degree of popularity (P) is newly defined herein in the following formula: P=N/S(n-1) Where, N stands for the frequency that one species is concurrently obtained together with other species of this group from the same locality in each zoogeographic division, n for the total number of species examined and S for the number of investigation. The results obtained are summarized as follows: (1) According to the coefficient of closeness among Nagasaki, Matsue, Maizuru, Niigata, Onomichi, Numazu, Kominato, Matsushima, Muroran, Owashi, Kochi and Kagoshima (Tab. 1), the Japanese waters can be divided into 5 faunal subdivisions. The southern part of Japan from Ryukyu to Suruga Bay on the Pacific is geographically characterized by the fact that all Japanese soles including 7 tropical species never before found in any other part of Japan are unfailingly found there. The East China Sea is easily distinguished from other regions by the presence of characteristic species Zebrias fasciata. On the Japanese coast of the Japan Sea and the Pacific coast of the middle part of Japan (from Sagami-Nada to Kashima-Nada) several temperate and subtemperate soles are known. The fauna of the soles in the Inland Sea of Japan is of peculiar in character, being more or less influenced by the neighbouring fauna. But the northern part of Japan on the Pacific is the most sterile region, so far as soles are concerned, only 3 species (Areliscus interruptus, Zebrias japonicus and Rhinoplagusia japonica) being reported there. (2) The degree of popularity is large in Areliscus interruptus, Aseraggodes kobensis, Zebarias japonicus, Heteromycteris japonicus and Aesopia cornuta than in any other species found in the southern part of Japan on the Pacific (Tab. 2). On the Japanese coast of the Sea of Japan and the Pacific coast of middle part of Japan, the degree is large in Areliscus interruptus, Zebrias japonicus, Rhinoplagusia japonica and Areliscus joyneri (Tab. 3). (3) On the whole, the temperature and the subtropical forms of this group, whose degree of popularity is large, are widely distributed even to the northern part of the Japanese waters. But the tropical form has the degree usually smaller than 0.1, the northern limit of its range lying in the southern part of Japan.
Australia : A Massive Buyback of Low-Risk Guns

On April 28, 1996, in the historic Tasmanian penal colony of Port Arthur, a lone gunman killed thirty-five persons with a semiautomatic rifle. Following that incident, which was the largest of a series of mass homicides, the federal and state governments of Australia agreed on a broad plan of gun control, implemented over the following twelve months. The new controls included prohibitions on certain categories of firearms, to be supplemented by a large-scale buyback of those weapons and new licensing, registration, safe storage, and firearm training requirements. Three features of this experience make it of potential interest to U.S. gun control scholars. First, in a federal system there was unanimous agreement by all the relevant governments to make changes that were consistent across states, rapidly implemented, and extremely far reaching. This offers an instance of gun control in a situation of high salience. The program had strong political support and competent execution. Second, the gun buyback program was vastly larger and better funded than comparable efforts in the United States. Third, the interventions had modest effects on the extent of suicide and violent crime. Suicide rates did not fall, though there was a shift toward less use of guns, continuing a very long-term decline. Homicides continued a modest decline; taking into account the one-time effect of the Port Arthur massacre itself, the share of mur4
Planktonic Duration, Distribution and Population Structure of Western and Central Pacific Damselfishes (Pomacentridae)

The duration of the planktonic larval stage of Indo-West Pacific damselfishes (Pomacentridae) is inferred from the microstructure of their otoliths and related to the development of morphologically distinct, localized populations and interspecific differences in geographic distribution. Mean duration of the planktonic stage varies between species from 0-37.4 d, differing significantly among species, among genera and among subfamilies. Both morphological and genetic data suggest localized sub-populations are most common in species with planktonic durations less than approximately 15 d. The breadth of a species distribution does not, however, correlate with its planktonic duration. Nonetheless, species with a longer than average planktonic duration are significantly more likely to be distributed on both sides of major barriers to dispersal, such as the western margin of the Pacific Plate. Pacific Plate endemics also tend to have long duration planktonic stages. THE life histories of most shallow-water tropical marine organisms consist of two very dissimilar stages: a planktonic egg and/or larval stage that, depending upon the species, lasts from a few hours to a few months; and a relatively sedentary juvenile and adult stage. It has been widely hypothesized that planktonic larvae are advected and dispersed from the site of spawning, and that this transport is fundamental to maintenance of species integrity. Evidence to support the latter hypothesis comes primarily from studies of marine invertebrates: species with planktonic larvae are reported to be more widely distributed than those that lack such larvae (Shuto, 1974; Scheltema and Williams, 1983; Perron and Kohn, 1985), to have genetically more homogeneous populations (Scheltema, 1977) and to persist longer in the
RECONSTRUCTION OF THE SLIP DISTRIBUTION ALONG THE WEST HELANSHAN FAULT, NORTHERN CHINA BASED ON HIGH-RESOLUTION TOPOGRAPHY

Abstract. The increasing wealthy of high-resolution topography allows for remotely measuring and analysing offset features and their associated surface slip distributions at a very high resolution and along a significant length of a fault, hence providing important insights into many aspects of the fault behaviour. The West Helanshan Fault is a Holocene active fault located at the junction of the Tibetan Plateau, Alashan, and Ordos blocks. Despite its special tectonic location, it has rarely been studied before. In this study, a 2-m-resolution DEM of the West Helanshan Fault was built from the high-resolution (0.5 m) WorldView-3 stereo satellite imagery based on the photogrammetry method, and a total of 181 strike-slip offsets and 201 vertical displacements were acquired along different segments of the fault. By statistical analysis of the offset observations, we conclude that at least six large paleoearthquakes have ruptured the fault, producing a minimum rupture length of ∼50 km, and the paleoearthquakes have followed a characteristic slip pattern with a coseismic strike slip of ∼3 m and a vertical slip of ∼1 m, corresponding to a geologic moment magnitude of 7.1–7.5.
Bond Behavior between BFRP Rebar and Seawater Sea Sand Concrete

Seawater sea sand concrete (SWSSC) is a promising alternative to ordinary concrete in terms of saving valuable natural resources of freshwater and river sand. Basalt fiber reinforced polymer (BFRP) rebars can be a good solution to corrosion of steel rebars in SWSSC. This paper presents an experimental study on the bond behavior between SWSSC and BFRP rebars through pullout testing. Concrete mixed with freshwater and river sand was also prepared for comparison with SWSSC. BFRP rebars with two different surface configurations were selected, that is, ribbed surface and sand-coated surface. Fly ash as a replacement of cement was also investigated in terms of its effect on bond behavior. Failure modes, bond-slip relationships, and bond strengths were reported and discussed in terms of the previously mentioned parameters. It was found that ribbed surface of BFRP rebar could achieve better mechanical interlocking with surrounding concrete. SWSSC could have comparative bond strength with BFRP rebar compared with ordinary concrete. However, using fly ash to replace cement is not recommended because it would significantly reduce concrete strength leading to much lower bond at the interface between SWSSC and BFRP rebar.
The relationship between the first postpartum estrus and the change of plasma cholesterol concentration during pre-and postpartum in Japanese black cattle

The changes of plasma total cholesterol (CHO), triglycerides (TG) and free fatty acids (FFA) concentrations were monitored during 8 weeks before and 12 weeks after partrition in 22 Japanese Black Cattle, and their interval days from parturition to the first estrus were compared. The first estrus was observed from day 25 to 53 after parturition. Cows were divided into 3 groups by the interval from partrition to the first estrus (Group 1: within 30 days, Group 2: between 30 to 40 days, Group 3: longer than 41 days). When the changes of plasma CHO, TG, FFA concentrations and body weight during experimental period were compared among the groups, the plasma FFA and relative body weight were not significantly different among the groups, indicating that all cows did not seem to be overfeeded or underfeeded. However, the plasma CHO of group 1 was higher (p<0.05) than that of group 3, on day 5, 28, 42, 49 and 56 after parturition. The plasma TG of group 1 was lower (p<0.05) than that of group 3 on day 14, 42 and 63 after parturition, and also lower (p<0.05) than that of group 2 on day 21, 42, 49, 56 and 63 after parturition. It was found that the day of first estrus after parturition was significantly related to the regression coefficient of the change of plasma CHO in postpartum period (r = –0.766, p<0.01). These results suggest that the change of lipid metabolism during the postpartum period was related to the interval days from parturition to first estrus in Japanese Black Cattle.
Breeding biology of wood ducks using natural cavities in southern Illinois

Information on breeding biology of wood ducks (Aix sponsa) acquired largely through studies of artificial nest boxes may not represent natural cavities where most wood ducks are produced. We studied nesting biology of wood ducks using natural cavities in southern Illinois during springs 1993-95. Forty-four radiomarked females were tracked to nest sites, but these represented only 56% of resident females alive during the breeding season. Most (82%) nests were in upland forest beyond the Mississippi River floodplain where birds were captured. Six of 23 (26%) nests were parasitized, which is a rate higher than previously reported for natural cavities (12%), but is less than in nest boxes (40%). Nest success (64%) was higher than reported elsewhere in natural cavities (40%), but below that in nest boxes (66-75%). Success rates did not differ between floodplain (80%) and upland (59%) nests (P = 0.205). Duckling survival to fledging was high (42%), despite lengthy (x = 1.4-3.2 km) movements over mostly upland terrain. In our study, 2.9 ducklings fledged per nest attempt, compared to 3.8 ducklings per nest attempt from boxes in Tennessee. Low nesting effort and high rates of nest parasitism could have resulted from suboptimal habitat conditions in 1994 and 1995. In 1994, dry conditions during prenesting, followed by sudden flooding during egg laying and early incubation, were associated with a shorter nesting season (91 vs. 132 days), smaller proportions of nesting birds (42 vs. 57%), more nest parasitism (43 vs. 18%), and lower survival (55 vs. 81%) compared to 1995, when conditions were dry, but water levels were stable. Upland forests may be important sources of wood duck production in other areas where extensive loss and fragmentation of floodplain forest have occurred.
Genetic structure of green ash (Fraxinus pennsylvanica): implications for the establishment of ex situ conservation protocols in light of the invasion of the emerald ash borer

The USA is experiencing a prolific invasion of the wood-boring emerald ash borer, Agrilus planipennis. Native to Asia, this beetle completes its life cycle on ash trees and results in nearly complete mortality of all infested trees. In the present study, we examined the levels of genetic diversity and differentiation among eight populations of Fraxinus pennsylvanica (green ash) using five polymorphic microsatellite loci. Genetic information was used to design guidelines for the establishment of a seed collection sampling strategy to conserve the genetic diversity of ash trees. We found high levels of genetic diversity, as indicated by the allelic richness, both across the populations (16.4 ± 5.18 alleles per locus) and within them (8.03 ± 1.21 alleles per locus). The expected and observed heterozygosity was also high (0.805 ± 0.38 and 0.908 ± 0.04, respectively), and there was moderate genetic differentiation among the populations (F ST= 0.083) with members of these eight populations grouped into three distinct clusters. We examined the relationship between the number of individuals sampled and the number of alleles captured in a random sample taken from a population of 10,000 individuals. Only sample sizes of 100 individuals captured most of the alleles (average = 78.74 alleles), but only seven of 50 samples effectively captured all the 82 alleles. Smaller samples did not capture all alleles. A probabilistic model was used to determine an optimal sampling strategy, and it was concluded that a collection of 200 seeds from each of five mother trees would have the highest likelihood of capturing all alleles in a population.
Impact on Nutritional Value Brought By Microbial Activities in Stored Wheat Grain: An Analysis

The storage structure was ”the most important factor in this study which greatly influenced the quality of the stored cereals. It has been observed that earthen pots have retained most of the quality characteristics, i.e. the lowest moisture content, the highest test weight, the flour yield, the water absorption capacity, the quality score of Chapatti and the lowest microbial count. The second suitable storage material was a cotton bag. It showed lower humidity, high test weights, flour yield, and gluten content and adequate drops. Polypropylene bags can be classified as the third ones that show the greatest stability of the dough for gluten, FQN, with the lowest fatty acidity in stored cereals. Jute bag cereals showed less fatty acidity, greater dough stability and a better chapatti quality score, while tin can cereals with less fatty acidity, greater water absorption and better chapatti quality score were studied in this research with three varieties, namely, HD2329. PWB343 and UP2338 have been selected in consecutive years, i.e. 2013-14 and 2014-15 have been stored in four different containers (earthen containers, tin containers, jute bags, polypropylene bags) up to one year in environmental conditions and significant results have been found. ” KEYWORD: Nutritional Value, Microbial Activities, Stored Wheat Grain
The Impact of Social Factors on Job Crafting: A Meta-Analysis and Review

Despite the considerable focus on job characteristics and individual differences in job crafting research, the influence of social factors on job crafting has not been well-acknowledged. Based on social interaction and job crafting literature, this meta-analysis estimates the associations between social factors (i.e., organizational insiders and outsiders) and job crafting, and how these social factors contribute to employee outcomes through their job crafting. Based on a sample of 51 empirical studies that included 54 independent samples (N = 17,863), we found that social factors of positive leadership styles (e.g., empowering and transformational) and coworker support were positively related to employee job crafting. Moreover, leadership showed a stronger correlation with employee job crafting than coworker support and Leader-Member-Exchange (LMX). Further, our study showed that employee job crafting positively mediates the relationships between social factors and work outcomes (e.g., job performance and well-being). Our study contributes to job crafting literature by integrating social factors into the job crafting model and demonstrating that the social context of work (in particular organizational insiders) plays a crucial role in shaping employees’ job crafting behavior. We also emphasize the critical role that job crafting plays in transmitting valuable social resources into improved work outcomes. Building on our results, we provide future direction for job crafting research and discuss how our results can imply practice in terms of job crafting training.
Multinucleated Giant Cell Formation as a Portal to Chronic Bacterial Infections

This review provides a snapshot of chronic bacterial infections through the lens of Burkholderia pseudomallei and detailing its ability to establish multi-nucleated giant cells (MNGC) within the host, potentially leading to the formation of pyogranulomatous lesions. We explore the role of MNGC in melioidosis disease progression and pathology by comparing the similarities and differences of melioidosis to tuberculosis, outline the concerted events in pathogenesis that lead to MNGC formation, discuss the factors that influence MNGC formation, and consider how they fit into clinical findings reported in chronic cases. Finally, we speculate about future models and techniques that can be used to delineate the mechanisms of MNGC formation and function.
Enumerating megapopulations of wild bears with an ingested biomarker

The effort required to capture and handle animals limits the utility of mark-recapture population estimation to relatively small study areas, which, for large, mobile species may yield unrepresentative results. We employed baits containing tetracycline, a commonly-used biomarker of bone and teeth that fluoresces under ultraviolet light, to mark a large sample of American black bears (Ursus americanus) across 2 states (Minn. and Mich.). Baits were small enough to be completely devoured by individual bears and were distributed widely enough within each state (1 bait/23-65 km 2 ) that only a small percentage of bears consumed >1 bait. The proportion of each population marked with tetracycline was estimated by examining thin sections of teeth or ribs collected mainly from hunter-killed bears. The number of animals marked was equated to the number of baits consumed by bears (distinguished by their claw marks on trees where baits had been hung), adjusted for the extent of within-year multiple-marking observed in teeth and rib samples. The year of marking was distinguishable by the location of marks in relation to annulations in the tooth; this enabled us to mark bears over several years. Moreover, because the marks are long-lasting in bone and permanent in teeth, we could reassess the proportion marked in any given year with ribs and teeth collected during later years. The addition of samples collected >1 year after marking caused population estimates for the year of marking to increase. We believe that population estimates produced from samples collected during the year of marking were low, possibly because the bears that had been attracted to our baits and consequently marked were more prone than other bears to be killed by hunters. However, because most bears were eventually killed by hunters, the cumulative harvest of bears provided an aggregate sample of teeth that became progressively less biased with respect to marking. Low-biased estimates are common in mark-resample studies; the potential to correct this bias by accumulating samples over time is an advantage of marking with tetracycline. The primary advantage, however, is that animals can be marked over a large area at relatively little expense. This technique could be applicable to other species of bears, as well as other harvested, solitary animals.
Alterações histológicas e inflamatórias no tecido laminar de equinos submetidos ao modelo de laminite por oligofrutose e tratados com um antagonista para CXCR1/2

With the hypothesis that blocking chemokine signaling can ameliorate acute laminitis, the aim was to evaluate the therapeutic effect of intravenous DF1681B, a selective antagonist for CXCR1 and CXCR2 (chemokine receptors), in an oligofructose equine laminitis model. To twelve mixed breed clinically healthy hoses with no previous history of hoof-related lameness was administered oligofructose (10g/kg given by nasogastric tube) and divided into two groups: treated (intravenous DF1681B at 30mg/kg 6, 12, 18, and 24h after oligofructose) and non-treated groups. Laminar biopsies were performed before and 12, 36, and 72h after administering oligofructose. Samples were stained with periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) and scored from 0 to 6 according to epidermal cell and basal membrane changes. The IL-1β, IL-6, and CXCL1 RNA expressions were determined by RT-PCR. Parametric and non-parametric tests were used to compare times within each group (P<0.05). The PAS grades and IL-1β and IL-6 RNA expression increased in the non-treated group, but remained constant in the treated horses. In conclusion, DF1681B therapy reduced laminar inflammation and epidermal deterioration in treated horses. CXCR1/2 blockage should be considered therapeutically for equine acute laminitis.