Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Master Computer Science Abstractive Summarization for Large Collections of Scientific Articles

We propose a new a prompt-based end-to-end system for extreme summarization of large collections of scientific documents. Digesting scientific information is becoming more challenging, especially in high volume fast-paced fields like AI. Our system helps researchers find information faster and stay up to date with their field of interest using summaries generated by instruction-tuned Large Language Models (LLMs). Although LLMs have already been applied to several downstream tasks including news summarization, its effectiveness in the scientific domain and especially in summarizing large collections of papers, is underexplored. The input is a collection of scientific papers, e.g. thousands of papers published in a large conference. Our pipeline first groups these source documents using a graph-based clustering algorithm, selects representative papers per cluster based on their diversity and then it performs a two-step summarization. Using an instruction-tuned LLM as backbone, single-document summaries (SDS) of the selected papers are generated in the first step and their aggregation is performed in the second multi-document summarization (MDS) step. In the end, the cluster summaries are used to generate a full blog post, with the clusters as sections. We evaluate the summarization components of our system in isolation using available SDS and MDS datasets in the scientific domain. For the SDS tasks, our system achieves better results than strong baselines: the fine-tuned models in the SciTLDR benchmark. For the MDS tasks, our two-step approach not only leads to a performance gain over a one-step approach where the full content of the source documents is passed in a single prompt to the LLM, but also reaches the performance of state-of-the-art fine-tuned models on the Multi-XScience dataset. For the end-to-end evaluation of our pipeline, we performed a small user study to assess the performance of our system in generating blog posts that summarize a whole AI conference. Preference judgments indicate that selecting representative papers before prompting the LLM for the summarization of a cluster is preferred by humans over using single-document summaries of all the papers of the cluster. Although a human-written blog post is still preferred over the automated one, the users appreciate the good
Some Identities Involving Chebyshev Polynomial of Third Kind, Lucas Numbers and Fourth Kind, Fibonacci Numbers

- In this article, we demonstrate certain identities involving both the third-fourth kinds of the Chebyshev polynomials taking into account the Fibonacci and Lucas numbers. This study brings to light some significant results and defines the relationship between these polynomials. We have used mathematical induction to establish the relation between third-fourth kinds of Chebyshev’s polynomials, Fibonacci, and Lucas numbers. We also used the Binet formula and the second-order differential equation to establish their relationship. We also present some results for Fibonacci and Lucas numbers, particularly by using the second-order derivative of third-kind Chebyshev polynomials. We prove some results that connect the fourth-kind of Chebyshev polynomials with Fibonacci and Lucas numbers. These findings will pave the way for further exploration of the third-fourth kinds of Chebyshev polynomials. In addition, we look at the practical application of Chebyshev's polynomials in approximation theory.
Seismicity of northeast India and surroundings : Development over the past 100 years

Northeast India is lying at the juncture of Himalayan Arc to the north and Burmese Arc to the east, and is one of the most active regions of the world. 18 large earthquakes (M >7.0) including two great earthquakes (M > 8.0) occurred in this region during the last 100 years. The 1897 great Shillong earthquake is the first instrumentally recorded earthquake in the country. Since 1964, with the inception of the WWSSN and increase of local networks, location quality of the epicentres are much improved. In the recent years, since early 1980s, several temporary microearthquake networks are run along with earthquake precursor investigations in selected areas of the region. Regional earthquake data (ISC and USGS), temporary close-spaced microearthquake (MEQ) network data and geophysical precursors of the felt/large earthquakes have given us some understanding of generating processes of the earthquakes in this region. The seismicity in the main Himalayan seismic belt believed to be due to the collision tectonics between the Indian Plate of Eurasian Plate, and the earthquakes are generally correlated with the known regional thrusts, the Main Boundary Thrust (MBT) and Main Central Thrust (MCT).
The effect of exercise on the protein profile of rat knee joint intra‐ and extra‐articular ligaments

Injuries to the intra‐articular anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) and the extra‐articular medial collateral ligament (MCL) result in significant knee joint instability, pain, and immobility. Moderate endurance‐type exercise can increase ligament strength but little is known on the effect of short‐term regular bouts of high‐intensity exercise on the extracellular matrix (ECM) structure of knee ligaments. Therefore, this study aimed to identify the effect of short‐term regular bouts high exercise on the proteome of the rat ACL and MCL using mass spectrometry. Sprague‐Dawley male rats (n = 6) were split into control and exercise groups, and subjected to high‐intensity training for four 4 weeks followed by proteomic analyses of the ACL and MCL. Knee joint health status was assessed using OARSI and a validated histological scoring system. Histopathological analyses demonstrated no significant changes in either in cruciate, collateral ligaments, or cartilage between the control and exercised knee joints. However, significant proteins were found to be more abundant in the exercised ACL compared to ACL control group but not between the exercised MCL and control MCL groups. The significant abundant proteins in ACL exercise groups were mostly cytoskeletal, ribosomal and enzymes with several abundant matrisomal proteins such as collagen proteins and proteoglycans being found in this group. In conclusion, our results indicate that short‐term regular bouts of high‐intensity exercise have an impact on the intra‐articular ACL but not extra‐articular MCL ECM protein expression.
Assessing the Potential of Pinyon Pine for Climate Reconstructions in Eastern California

ABSTRACT This paper documents a pilot study investigating the potential use of pinyon pine (Pinus monophylla Torr. & Frem) growing in the White Mountains of eastern California for climate reconstructions. The single-leaf pinyon pine from this study exhibit a significant and stable relationship with annual (August–July) precipitation over the instrumental record (r = 0.69). This relationship is stronger than that of the lower forest border bristlecone pine (Pinus longaeva) growing nearby. Spatially, the climate-growth relationship remains strong beyond this localized region, extending over Southern California. Although pinyon pine is not as long lived as the bristlecone pine, these results indicate that the strength of the climate-growth relationship makes this species valuable in developing climate reconstructions in the future. Additionally, the presence of persistent remnant wood at all sampling sites offers an opportunity to extend pinyon records further back in time. Furthermore, the close proximity of pinyon pine to bristlecone pine at these sites presents the possibility of developing multi-species reconstructions using both species.
Becker Digital

Background. Nicotine withdrawal is associated with failed smoking cessation and thus contributes to continuance of the habit and increases risk of smoking-related illnesses. Withdrawal is also associated with psychiatric disorders such as depression and alcoholism. However, relatively little is known about how to characterize the severity of withdrawal, including whether withdrawal subtypes exist in male smokers. If so, do these subtypes represent quantitative or qualitative diﬀerences? Method. Smoking and withdrawal data were obtained from 4112 male–male twin pairs of the Vietnam Era Twin Registry during a 1992 administration of the Diagnostic Interview Schedule. Latent Class Analysis (LCA) was used to derive signiﬁcantly diﬀerent nicotine withdrawal proﬁles, and their association with psychiatric disorders was assessed. Genetic and environmental contributions and the correlation between these contributions were evaluated using bivariate bio-metrical modeling of the withdrawal phenotype and failed smoking cessation. Results. The LCA model which best ﬁt the data was a four-class severity continuum. Psychiatric disorders were signiﬁcantly associated with more severe classes and the magnitude of the association increased as withdrawal severity increased. Genetics accounted for 31% and 51% of the variance in risk for withdrawal and failed cessation, respectively. The genetic contributions were signiﬁcantly correlated ( r = 0.37). Conclusions. Nicotine withdrawal classes are characterized by quantitative diﬀerences. The strong association between psychiatric disorders and withdrawal severity and the signiﬁcant genetic correlation between withdrawal and cessation highlight the importance of withdrawal severity. Further reﬁnement of the DSM deﬁnition of withdrawal to incorporate severity ratings may be warranted
Mongolian Mountains Matter Most: Impacts of the Latitude and Height of Asian Orography on Pacific Wintertime Atmospheric Circulation

AbstractThe impacts of Asian orography on the wintertime atmospheric circulation over the Pacific are explored using altered-orography, semi-idealized, general circulation model experiments. The latitude of orography is found to be far more important than height. The Mongolian Plateau and nearby mountain ranges, centered at ~48°N, have an impact on the upper-level wintertime jet stream that is approximately 4 times greater than that of the larger and taller Tibetan Plateau and Himalayas to the south. Key contributing factors to the importance of the Mongolian mountains are latitudinal variations in the meridional potential vorticity gradient and the strength of the impinging wind—both of which determine the amplitude of the atmospheric response—and the structure of the atmosphere, which influences the spatial pattern of the downstream response. Interestingly, while the Mongolian mountains produce a larger response than the Tibetan Plateau in Northern Hemisphere winter, in April–June the response from the .
Consolidation of double soil layers under depth-dependent ramp load

INTRODUCTION In many cases, the consolidation of a soil layer occurs simultaneously with the change of total stress that varies with time and depth due to timedependent external loading. For example, if the water table at the upper side of a clay layer is unchanged, the gradual drawdown of the water table at the lower side will gradually cause a vertical total stress change which increases linearly from zero at the top to a maximum at the bottom of the clay layer. A foundation construction loading or surcharge loading on a clay layer may cause an increase in vertical total stress that increases linearly with depth and varies with time. The deformation and consolidation of the clay layer may not be one-dimensional in the vertical direction. In practice, however, the consolidation settlement is still calculated using one-dimensional consolidation theory, but is corrected for twoor three-dimensional effects using, for example, the Skempton-Bjerrum (1957) method. Terzaghi (1943) suggested a simple method of correcting the instantaneous time±settlement curve to allow for construction period. Schiffman & Stein (1970) gave a formal solution to the layered consolidation problem under depth-independent loading. Olson (1977) obtained a mathematical solution for one-dimensional consolidation of a single compressible layer under simple ramp loading. In Olson's solution, the vertical total stress is assumed to be uniform with depth. It is strictly applicable for settlement calculation in two cases: (a) when the soil layer is freely drained on both sides with a linear variation of vertical total incremental stress; and (b) when values of the total vertical incremental stress remain the same with depth in a soil layer, and with one side impermeable. Considering the varieties of soil stratigraphy, it may not be possible to simplify the compressible stratum in the ®eld as one soil layer. The vertical total stress increment may vary with time and depth. In this case, the average degree of consolidation from Olson's solution is not valid. Even for a double drainage condition, if vertical total stress varies with depth, Olson's solution cannot be used for the calculation of excess pore water pressure. To the authors' knowledge, no solution to the above consolidation problem is available in the literature. In this technical note, the authors present a mathematical solution for the consolidation analysis of a double-layered soil pro®le under depth-dependent ramp loading. The related eigenvalues are presented for practical use in six diagrams below.
Institutional Stock-Bond Portfolios Rebalancing and Financial Stability

In this paper, we examine rebalancing strategies for long-term institutional investors. Specifically, we test the difference in risk-adjusted performances between stock-bond portfolios based on buy-and-hold, periodic and threshold rebalancing strategies. Using the Norwegian Sovereign Wealth Fund (SWF) as a benchmark and an econometric approach based on a bootstrap test of Sharpe ratios difference, we show that the optimal rebalancing differs across economic and financial cycles. Furthermore, we find that the optimal strategy is periodic rebalancing except during recessions and crises when the buy-and-hold approach is best, thus calling into question the hypothesis of the countercyclical behavior of SWFs. Our results are robust to alternative performance measures, asset allocations, investment horizons, rebalancing rule, nonnormal and non-iid returns, transaction costs and time sampling. Finally, our findings promote the consideration of macroprudential rules to improve the Santiago Principles and a specific monitoring framework targeted at SWFs.
Computationally ef ﬁ cient sensitivity analysis for building ecodesign with many-level categorical input factors

Dynamic building energy simulation and life cycle assessment (LCA) are useful ecodesign tools to mitigate the energy and environmental impacts of buildings. Various uncertain factors can affect the building energy and environmental modelling, including continuous and categorical factors (i.e., discrete factors without logical ranking). Sensitivity analysis (SA) is applied to identify the most in ﬂ uential factors on which additional research efforts are needed to increase the robustness of results. The Sobol method (Sobol) is the reference SA method, but it requires a signi ﬁ cant amount of computation. Less time-consuming methods, such as an adaptation of the Morris screening (Morris), have shown a good ability to quantify the in ﬂ uence of factors, but their performance has not been investigated for categorical factors having many (more than two) levels. Two strategies (2LA-Morris and MA-Morris) based on the adaptation of Morris are proposed to handle many-level factors. Their performance is compared to that of Sobol based on four criteria: computation time, factor ’ s relative in ﬂ uence, factor ’ s ranking, and ability to detect interactions. For the LCA of a house including 24 uncertain factors, MA-Morris was able to quantify the in ﬂ uence of factors in the same way as Sobol, while reducing the computation time by a factor of 12.
Linking Glacial-Interglacial states to multiple equilibria 1 of climate 2

15 Glacial-Interglacial cycles are often described as an amplified global response of the cli16 mate to perturbations in solar radiation caused by oscillations of Earth’s orbit. However, 17 it remains unclear whether internal feedbacks are large enough to account for the rad18 ically di↵erent Glacial and Interglacial states. Here we provide support for an alterna19 tive view: Glacial-Interglacial states are multiple equilibria of the climate system which 20 exist for the same external forcing. We show that such multiple equilibria resembling Glacial 21 and Interglacial states can be found in a complex coupled General Circulation Model of 22 the ocean-atmosphere-sea ice system. The multiple states are sustained by ice-albedo 23 feedback modified by ocean heat transport and are not caused by the bi-stability of the 24 ocean’s overturning circulation. In addition, expansion/contraction of the Southern Hemi25 sphere ice pack over regions of upwelling, regulating outgassing of CO2 to the atmosphere, 26 is the primary mechanism behind a large pCO2 change between states. 27
The change of first‐flowering date over South Korea projected from downscaled IPCC AR5 simulation: peach and pear

The variations in the first‐flowering date (FFD) of peach (Prunus persica) and pear (Pyrus pyrifolia) under future climate change in South Korea are investigated using simulations obtained from five models of the fifth Coupled Model Intercomparison Project. For the study, daily temperature simulations with Historical (1986–2005), and Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) (2071–2090) 4.5 and 8.5 scenarios are statistically downscaled to 50 peach and pear FFD (FFDpeach and FFDpear, respectively) observation sites over South Korea. The number of days transformed to standard temperature (DTS) method is selected as the phenological model and applied to simulations for estimating FFDpeach and FFDpear over South Korea, due to its superior performance on the target plants and region compared to the growing degree days (GDD) and chill days (CD) methods. In the analysis, mean temperatures for early spring (February to April) over South Korea in 2090 under RCP 4.5 and 8.5 scenarios are expected to have increased by 1.9 and 3.3 K, respectively. Among the early spring months of February to April, February shows the largest temperature increase of 2.1 and 3.7 K for RCP 4.5 and 8.5 scenarios, respectively. The increased temperature during February and March accelerates the plant growth rate and thereby advances FFDpeach by 7.0 and 12.7 days and FFDpear by 6.1 and 10.7 days, respectively. These results imply that the present flowering of peach and pear in the middle of April will have advanced to late March or early April by the end of this century.
Psychology of Computer Use: XL. Addictive Use of the Internet: A Case That Breaks the Stereotype

This case involves a homemaker 43 years of age who is addicted to using the Internet. This case was selected as it demonstrates that a nontechnologically oriented woman with a reportedly content home life and no prior addiction or psychiatric history abused the Internet which resulted in significant impairment to her family life. This paper defines addictive use of the Internet, outlines the subject's progression of addictive on-line use, and discusses the implications of such addictive behavior on the new market of Internet consumers.
Performance of the ADF test in stationary series within structural breaks

The study of time series has been developed constantly, given the large volume of observed and measured data over the years. An important characteristic of time series is stationarity, which is mostly analyzed by unit root tests. It is a consensus in the literature that structural breaks, when present in the data series, can bias the result of the Augmented Dickey Fuller Test (ADF), the best known and most widely used method of stationarity investigation. So far, however, there is no consensus regarding the intensity that structural breaks can affect the power of the ADF Test, making the decision about using it difficult and possibly leading researchers to errors under those changes. Thus, this article analyzed the influence of level shift (LS) structural breaks in the stationarity analysis in annual time series using the ADF test through the rejection proportion of the null hypothesis. It was observed that this procedure tends to reject the null hypothesis in the presence of structural breaks in a possible confusion with the presence of a unit root. Furthermore, it was noted that, as the initial perturbation ω increased, the power of the test was rapidly reduced, mainly with level change breaks imputed in positions closer to the origin of the data series.
Exploring the sensitivity to precipitation, blowing snow, and horizontal resolution of the spatial distribution of simulated snow cover

Accurate snow cover modeling is a high stake for mountain regions. Alpine snow evolution and spatial variability result from a multitude of complex processes including interactions between wind and snow. The SnowPappus blowing snow model was designed to add blowing snow modeling capabilities to the SURFEX/Crocus simulation system for applications across large spatial and temporal extents. This paper presents the very first spatialized evaluation of this simulation system over a 902 km 2 domain in the French Alps. Here we compare snow cover simulations to the spatial distribution of snow height 5 obtained from Pleiades satellites stereo-imagery and to Snow Melt-Out Dates from Sentinel-2 time series over three snow seasons. We analyzed the sensitivity of the simulations to three different precipitation datasets and two horizontal resolutions. The evaluations are presented as a function of elevation and landform types. The results show that the SnowPappus model forced with high-resolution wind fields enhances the snow cover spatial variability at high elevations allowing a better agreement with observations above 2500 m and near peaks and ridges. Model improvements are not obvious at low to medium altitudes 10 where precipitation errors are the prevailing uncertainty. Our study illustrates the necessity to consider error contributions from blowing snow, precipitation forcings, and unresolved subgrid variability for robust