Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Hepatitis B Surface Antigen (HbsAg) Prevalence and Risk Factors in Women of Childbearing Age in Eastern Algeria

Background: Hepatitis B is the most common chronic viral infection and a significant contributor to morbidity and death globally. Based on the mother's hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) status, the probability of perinatal HBV infection in children delivered to mothers with HBV ranges from 10% to 85%. Aim: to determine the prevalence of hepatitis B virus infection among women of childbearing age in the eastern region of Algeria and investigate risk factors for infection to recommend ways to reduce the disease's impact on neonatal morbidity and mortality.Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study in Sétif, Algeria, from 2005 to 2007 to assess the prevalence of Hepatitis B Surface Antigen among women of childbearing age. This study is the first and only one in Algeria. Data on risk factors, obstetrics, and sociodemographic were gathered using structured questionnaire; they were subsequently tested using an enzymelinked immunosorbent assay for HBsAg. The data collected were entered and processed using Epi info 3.3. 2 software. Infection prevalence, sociodemographic, clinical, obstetric and risk factors variable frequency distributions were calculated. The student's t-test and Fisher's exact test were applied, at a significance level of 5%. Results: There are834 women of childbearing age's medical records were examined for this study. 1% of HBsAg test findings were positive. Positive HBsAg didn't significantly correlate with any other variables, including age, place of residence, municipality, marital status, occupation, parity, current pregnancy, reason for current consultation, transmission risk factors (blood transfusion, recent piercing, dental care, shared personal hygiene equipment, injection with multiple use equipment, tattoo, scarification, partner characteristics). However, history of jaundice has a significant protective effect against HBsAg positive.Conclusion: Although our results classify the two municipalities studied as low prevalence areas (< 2%). Prenatal HBsAg screening is strongly advised.
Burden of Illness in People with Alzheimer’s Disease: A Systematic Review of Epidemiology, Comorbidities and Mortality

Background Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disease worldwide, and an updated quantification of its impact on morbidity, disability, and mortality is warranted. We conducted a systematic literature review, focusing on the past decade, to characterize AD and assess its impact on affected individuals. Methods Searches of Embase, MEDLINE, and the Cochrane Library were conducted on August 7, 2020 and updated on November 10, 2021. Observational studies from any country reporting incidence, prevalence, comorbidities, and/or outcomes related to disability and mortality/life expectancy, in people with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) due to AD, or mild, moderate, or severe AD dementia, were considered relevant. Results Data were extracted from 88 studies (46 incidence/prevalence; 44 comorbidities; 25 mortality-/disability-related outcomes), mostly from Europe, the USA, and Asia. AD dementia diagnosis was confirmed using biomarkers in only 6 studies. Estimated 5-year mortality in AD was 35%, and comorbidity prevalence estimates varied widely (hypertension: 30.2–73.9%; diabetes: 6.0–24.3%; stroke: 2.7–13.7%). Overall, people with AD dementia were more likely to have cardiovascular disease or diabetes than controls, and 5-year mortality in people with AD dementia was double that in the age- and year-matched general population (115.0 vs 60.6 per 1,000 person-years). Conclusions AD is associated with excess morbidity and mortality. Future longitudinal studies of population aging, incorporating biomarker assessment to confirm AD diagnoses, are needed to better characterize the course of MCI due to AD and AD dementia.
BotCl, the First Chlorotoxin-like Peptide Inhibiting Newcastle Disease Virus: The Emergence of a New Scorpion Venom AMPs Family

Newcastle disease virus (NDV) is one of the most serious contagions affecting domestic poultry and other avian species. It causes high morbidity and mortality, resulting in huge economic losses to the poultry industry worldwide. Despite vaccination, NDV outbreaks increase the need for alternative prevention and control means. In this study, we have screened fractions of Buthus occitanus tunetanus (Bot) scorpion venom and isolated the first scorpion peptide inhibiting the NDV multiplication. It showed a dose dependent effect on NDV growth in vitro, with an IC50 of 0.69 µM, and a low cytotoxicity on cultured Vero cells (CC50 > 55 µM). Furthermore, tests carried out in specific pathogen-free embryonated chicken eggs demonstrated that the isolated peptide has a protective effect on chicken embryos against NDV, and reduced by 73% the virus titer in allantoic fluid. The N-terminal sequence, as well as the number of cysteine residues of the isolated peptide, showed that it belongs to the scorpion venom Chlorotoxin-like peptides family, which led us to designate it “BotCl”. Interestingly, at 10 µg/mL, BotCl showed an inhibiting effect three times higher than its analogue AaCtx, from Androctonus australis (Aa) scorpion venom, on NDV development. Altogether, our results highlight the chlorotoxin-like peptides as a new scorpion venom AMPs family.
Developing Techniques to Support Technological Solutions to Disinformation by Analyzing Four Conspiracy Networks During COVID-19

Given the role of technology and social media during the COVID-19 pandemic, the aim of this paper is to conduct a social network analysis of four COVID-19 conspiracy theories that were spread during the pandemic between March to June 2020. Specifically, the paper examines the 5G, Film Your Hospital, Expose Bill Gates, and the Plandemic conspiracy theories. Identifying disinformation campaigns on social media and studying their tactics and composition is an essential step toward counteracting such campaigns. The current study draws upon data from the Twitter Search API and uses social network analysis to examine patterns of disinformation that may be shared across social networks with sabotaging ramifications. The findings are used to generate the Framework of Disinformation Seeding and Information Diffusion for understanding disinformation and the ideological nature of conspiracy networks that can support and inform future pandemic preparedness and counteracting disinformation. Furthermore, a Digital Mindfulness Toolbox ( DigiAware ) is developed to support individuals and organisations with their information management and decision-making both in times of crisis and as strategic tools for potential crisis preparation.
Influence of Cmr1 in the Regulation of Antioxidant Function Melanin Biosynthesis in Aureobasidium pullulans

We have successfully identified the transcription factor Cmr1 from the fungus Aureobasidium pullulans Hit-lcy3T, which regulates melanin biosynthesis genes. Bioinformatics analysis revealed that the Cmr1 gene encodes a protein of 945 amino acids, containing two Cys2His2 zinc finger domains and a Zn(II)2Cys6 binuclear cluster domain located at the N-terminus of Cmr1. To investigate the function of the Cmr1 gene, we performed gene knockout and overexpression experiments. Our results showed that Cmr1 is a key regulator of melanin synthesis in Hit-lcy3T, and its absence caused developmental defects. Conversely, overexpression of Cmr1 significantly increased the number of chlamydospores in Hit-lcy3T and improved melanin production. RT-qPCR analysis further revealed that overexpression of Cmr1 enhanced the expression of several genes involved in melanin biosynthesis, including Cmr1, PKS, SCD1, and THR1. Melanin extracted from the Hit-lcy3T was characterized using UV and IR spectroscopy. Furthermore, we assessed the antioxidant properties of Hit-lcy3T melanin and found that it possesses strong scavenging activity against DPPH·, ABTS·, and OH·, but weaker activity against O2−·. These findings suggest that Hit-lcy3T melanin holds promise for future development as a functional food additive.
Secondary School Students’ Misconceptions about Fractals

The purpose of this study is to determine the secondary school students’ misconceptions about fractals. Three dimensions of students’ misconceptions are examined: misconceptions on the definition of fractals, misconceptions of the recognition of fractals and errors in drawing fractal shapes. The study was conducted with 100 secondary school students (grade 8 and grade 10) with the use of an open-ended test consisting three questions prepared through literature review and Turkish mathematics and geometry curriculums (grade 8 and grade 10). The findings showed that students hold misunderstandings about formal definition of fractal. They had some problems in the drawing fractals although students could recognize intuitively the given shape as fractal or not.
Synthesis and Characterisation of Hydrogels Based on Poly (N-Vinylcaprolactam) with Diethylene Glycol Diacrylate

Poly (N-vinylcaprolactam) is a polymer that is biocompatible, water-soluble, thermally sensitive, non-toxic, and nonionic. In this study, the preparation of hydrogels based on Poly (N-vinylcaprolactam) with diethylene glycol diacrylate is presented. The N-Vinylcaprolactam-based hydrogels are synthesised by using a photopolymerisation technique using diethylene glycol diacrylate as a crosslinking agent, and Diphenyl (2, 4, 6-trimethylbenzoyl) phosphine oxide as a photoinitiator. The structure of the polymers is investigated via Attenuated Total Reflectance–Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy. The polymers are further characterised using differential scanning calorimetry and swelling analysis. This study is conducted to determine the characteristics of P (N-vinylcaprolactam) with diethylene glycol diacrylate, including the addition of Vinylacetate or N-Vinylpyrrolidone, and to examine the effects on the phase transition. Although various methods of free-radical polymerisation have synthesised the homopolymer, this is the first study to report the synthesis of Poly (N-vinylcaprolactam) with diethylene glycol diacrylate by using free-radical photopolymerisation, using Diphenyl (2, 4, 6-trimethylbenzoyl) phosphine oxide to initiate the reaction. FTIR analysis shows that the NVCL-based copolymers are successfully polymerised through UV photopolymerisation. DSC analysis indicates that increasing the concentration of crosslinker results in a decrease in the glass transition temperature. Swelling analysis displays that the lower the concentration of crosslinker present in the hydrogel, the quicker the hydrogels reach their maximum swelling ratio.
A group grey target decision making method with three parameter interval grey number based on prospect theory

Considering the impact on group decision making from that every decision maker has attitude toward risk and grey targets about attributes, a method of group grey target decision making with three parameter interval grey number based on the prospect theory is proposed. A linear operator with the features of the"rewarding good and punishing bad"about three parameter interval grey number is used to standardize the decision values. The positive or negative sign of the standardized values can reflect adequately whether the attributes' values hit the bull's eye or not. A prospect value function is defined by using the dividing point of positive and negative as the reference point. Then, the weight model of decision maker is proposed based on group's consistency and the maximum entropy, and the project hits bull's eye or not is judged according to positive or negative of comprehensive prospect values. Finally, the vendor selection case shows the feasibility and superiority of the proposed method.
Extending the Applicability Condition in the Formal System \lambda\delta

The formal system \lambda\delta is a typed lambda calculus derived from \Lambda\infinity, aiming to support the foundations of Mathematics that require an underlying theory of expressions (for example the Minimal Type Theory). The system is developed in the context of the Hypertextual Electronic Library of Mathematics as a machine-checked digital specification, that is not the formal counterpart of previous informal material. The first version of the calculus appeared in 2006 and proved unsatisfactory for some reasons. In this article we present a revised version of the system and we prove three relevant desired properties: the confluence of reduction, the strong normalization of an extended form of reduction, known as the ``big tree'' theorem, and the preservation of validity by reduction. To our knowledge, we are presenting here the first fully machine-checked proof of the ``big tree'' theorem for a calculus that includes \Lambda\infinity.
Climatological characteristics in the extreme hyper-arid region of Pampas de La Joya, Peru. Astrobiological approach in four years of observation: 2004–2008

Abstract This study reports the environmental conditions of temperature, moisture and radiation for four years (May 2004 to July 2008) in the area known as Pampas de La Joya in southern Peru, which recently has been considered as a new Mars analogue. The period of evaluation includes the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) during the months of September 2006 to March 2007, which, despite not having catastrophic effects like its predecessor on 1997–1998, showed an interesting increase in humidity. Our data describe the extreme conditions present in the region and their relationship with the presence of potential habitats that could allow for the survival of micro-organisms. The average environmental temperature was 18.9°C, with a maximum of 35.9°C and a minimum of −4.5°C. The annual average incident solar radiation was 508 W m−2, with high near 1060 W m−2 at noon during the driest period between September and March. The average relative humidity (RH) was 29.5, 20.1 and 20.4% for air, soil and rock, respectively. The RH had higher values at night due to fog during the months of June and August, and during the early morning between December and March. During the months of ENSO event there were four episodes of precipitation (1.1, 1.5, 2.0 and 0.9 mm), of which three increased soil and rock moisture on an average more than 45% and persisted for over 15 days after precipitation, while the atmospheric environment had no significant variations. Finally, quartz rocks and evaporite minerals colonized with micro-organisms were found as the only micro-habitats, in this region, capable of supporting life in this extreme environment.
Theoretical evidence of 50 keV fermionic dark matter from galactic observables

We have recently introduced a new model for the distribution of dark matter (DM) in galaxies, the Ruffini-Arg\"uelles-Rueda (RAR) model, based on a self-gravitating system of massive fermions at finite temperatures. The RAR model, for fermion masses above keV, successfully describes the DM halos in galaxies, and predicts the existence of a denser quantum core towards the center of each configuration. We demonstrate here, for the first time, that the introduction of a cutoff in the fermion phase-space distribution, necessary to account for the finite Galaxy size, defines a new solution with a compact quantum core which represents an alternative to the central black hole (BH) scenario for SgrA*. For a fermion mass in the range $48$~keV$/c^2\lesssim m \lesssim 345$~keV$/c^2$, the DM halo distribution fulfills the most recent data of the Milky Way rotation curves, while harbors a dense quantum core of $4\times10^6 M_\odot$ within the S2 star pericenter. In particular, for a fermion mass of $m\sim 50$~keV$/c^2$ the model is able to explain the DM halos from typical dwarf spheroidal to normal elliptical galaxies, while harboring dark and massive compact objects from $\sim 10^3 M_\odot$ up to $\sim 10^8 M_\odot$ at their respective centers. The model is shown to be in good agreement with different observationally inferred universal relations, such as the ones connecting DM halos with supermassive dark central objects. Finally, the model provides a natural mechanism for the formation of supermassive BHs as heavy as $M_{\rm BH}\sim$ few $10^8 M_\odot$. We argue that larger BH masses ($M_{\rm BH}\sim 10^{9-10} M_\odot$) may be achieved by assuming subsequent accretion processes onto the above heavy seeds, depending on accretion efficiency and environment.
Exact controllability of the wave equation with mixed boundary condition and time-dependent coefficients

In this paper we study the boundary exact controllability for the equation \[ \frac{\partial }{\partial t}\left(\alpha (t){{\partial y}\over { \partial t}}\right)-\sum _{j=1}^n{{\partial }\over {\partial x_j}}\left(\beta (t)a(x){{\partial y}\over {\partial x_j}}\right)=0\;\;\;\hbox{in}\;\; \Omega \times (0,T)\,, \] when the control action is of Dirichlet-Neumann form and $\Omega $ is a bounded domain in ${R}^n$. The result is obtained by applying the HUM (Hilbert Uniqueness Method) due to J. L. Lions.
Incidence of Peri-Implantitis, Technical and Biological Complications of Single Implants Placed with Flap or Flapless Surgery—A 10–12-Year Case-Series

Background: Long-term follow-up of single implants and crowns is scarce, especially when inserted using flapless surgery. Aim: Evaluate survival, peri-implantitis incidence, and technical/biologic complications of solitary implants/crowns after 10–12 years of function. Material and methods: 49 patients with 53 single implants, initially operated with a one-stage flap (F) or flapless (FL) surgery and delayed loading, were recalled. Implant survival, radiographic bone-level changes compared to baseline, peri-implant health, and soft tissue aesthetics were registered. Differences in implant level between and within groups were statistically tested using the Mann–Whitney U-Test and Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test, respectively. Results: 36 patients with 40 implants were reassessed, yielding 100% implant and 97.5% crown survival. The bone loss in F (n = 19) was 0.56 mm (SD 0.89; range −0.9–2.02) and −0.85 mm (SD 0.98; range −2.84–0.53) in FL (n = 21), indicative of bone gain in FL (p = 0.003), the latter due to a difference at baseline but bone-level was comparable (p = 0.126). Groups were comparable for probing pocket depth (PPD); (3.32 vs. 3.19 mm), Bleeding Index (BI); (0.15 vs. 0.22), and gingival recession; (0.38 vs. 0.17 mm). According to international criteria, the peri-implantitis incidence was 0%, but 32.5% of the implants/crowns experienced biological or technical complications irrespective of surgical technique. Conclusions: Solitary implants and crowns show good long-term clinical outcomes and peri-implant health. Flapless surgery is a good alternative to conventional in straightforward cases with sufficient bone volume and proper treatment planning.
Selective Oxidation during AFM Electrical Characterization of Doped SiC Layers

The possibility of anodic oxidation of SiC surfaces by a strong, local electric field applied during Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) under ambient conditions is an interesting method to achieve nanopatterning of SiC, but is also a side-effect to be well characterized and controlled during this kind of AFM measurements if used to determine the local electric properties. In this contribution, we will analyze the local electric fields by finite element simulations in order to quantify the effect of the presence of a water meniscus and of an oxide layer on the SiC surface. Furthermore, we will experimentally highlight the strong influence of the local doping on the anodization, leading to the formation of thicker oxide layers at the location of highly doped SiC. Therefore, the location of these areas can be determined by a simple AFM topography scan after the application of a high field, allowing to detect highly doped SiC areas in complex structures as for example SiC MOSFETs.
Linking Personality and Trust in Intelligent Virtual Assistants

Throughout the last years, Intelligent Virtual Assistants (IVAs), such as Alexa and Siri, have increasingly gained in popularity. Yet, privacy advocates raise great concerns regarding the amount and type of data these systems collect and consequently process. Among many other things, it is technology trust which seems to be of high significance here, particularly when it comes to the adoption of IVAs, for they usually provide little transparency as to how they function and use personal and potentially sensitive data. While technology trust is influenced by many different socio-technical parameters, this article focuses on human personality and its connection to respective trust perceptions, which in turn may further impact the actual adoption of IVA products. To this end, we report on the results of an online survey (n=367). Findings show that on a scale from 0 to 100%, people trust IVAs 51.59% on average. Furthermore, the data point to a significant positive correlation between people’s propensity to trust in general technology and their trust in IVAs. Yet, they also show that those who exhibit a higher propensity to trust in technology tend to also have a higher affinity for technology interaction and are consequently more likely to adopt IVAs.
International Journal of Current Science Research and Review

PT Security Indonesia, which has been operating for over 20 years with 9,000 employees in 121 cities, serves customers in various industries. The focus of PT Security Indonesia is to provide manned security that incorporates technology to deliver better services. Sales and Key Account Manager are the key to sustaining the business. Sales are responsible for acquiring new customers, while the Key Account Manager retains existing customers, ensures their satisfaction, and delivers products and services that meet their needs. Based on the financial performance of PT Security Indonesia during 2020 and 2021, it appears that the company is not performing well. It is measured by the company's total revenue and gross margin. Both actual and budget figures were compared, and it was found that the company did not meet its revenue targets and gross margins were lower than expected. This research conducted what are the competency needed for Sales and Key Account Manager to improve performance of PT Security Indonesia. And how PT Security Indonesia can improve level of competency of Sales and Key Account Manager. Competency is an underlying characteristic of a person that has a causal relationship to successful and/or outstanding performance in a role or circumstance. (Spencer & Spencer, 1993). Competencies are set of Knowledge, Skill, and Attitude of the persons carrying out the work. (Busch, 2012). In this research, the level of competency needed are measure by quantitative method. The result of this research will become a recommendation that can be implemented by PT Security Indonesia in the future.