Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The European Health Data Space

This research paper provides an assessment of the legislative proposal for “The European Health Data Space”, including linkages with other EU measures and with Member State rules and laws. It also includes recommendations on further steps needed in order to achieve, facilitate and improve health data sharing, exchange and re-use across the EU. This document was provided by the Policy Department for Economic, Scientific and Quality of Life Policies at the request of the committee on Industry, Research and Energy (ITRE). The European Health Data Space This document was prepared for the European Parliament's committee on Industry, Research and Energy (ITRE). AUTHORS J. Scott MARCUS (Bruegel) Bertin MARTENS (Bruegel) Christophe CARUGATI (Bruegel) Anne BUCHER (Bruegel) Ilsa GODLOVITCH (WIK-Consult) ADMINISTRATORS RESPONSIBLE Kristi POLLUVEER Matteo CIUCCI EDITORIAL ASSISTANT Irene VERNACOTOLA LINGUISTIC VERSIONS Original: EN ABOUT THE EDITOR Policy departments provide in-house and external expertise to support European Parliament committees and other parliamentary bodies in shaping legislation and exercising democratic scrutiny over EU internal policies. To contact the Policy Department or to subscribe for email alert updates, please write to: Policy Department for Economic, Scientific and Quality of Life Policies European Parliament L-2929 Luxembourg Email: Poldep-Economy-Science@ep.europa.eu Manuscript completed: October 2022 Date of publication: December 2022 © European Union, 2022 This document is available on the internet at: http://www.europarl. europa.eu/supporting-analyses DISCLAIMER AND COPYRIGHT The opinions expressed in this document are the sole responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official position of the European Parliament. Reproduction and translation for non-commercial purposes are authorised, provided the source is acknowledged and the European Parliament is given prior notice and sent a copy. For citation purposes, the publication should be referenced as: Marcus, J.S. et al., 2022, The European Health Data Space, Publication for the committee on Industry, Research and Energy (ITRE), Policy Department for Economic, Scientific and Quality of Life Policies, European Parliament, Luxembourg. © Cover image used under licence from Adobe Stock The European Health Data Space 3 PE 740.054 CONTENTS
Numerical and experimental investigations of oblique boundary layer transition

A transition scenario initiated by two oblique waves is studied in an incompressible boundary layer. Hot-wire measurements and flow visualizations from the first boundary layer experiment on this scenario are reported. The experimental results are compared with spatial direct numerical simulations and good qualitative agreement is found. Also, quantitative agreement is found when the experimental device for disturbance generation is closely modelled in the simulations and pressure gradient effects taken into account. The oblique waves are found to interact nonlinearly to force streamwise vortices. The vortices in turn produce growing streamwise streaks by non-modal linear growth mechanisms. This has previously been observed in channel flows and calculations of both compressible and incompressible boundary layers. The flow structures observed at the late stage of oblique transition have many similarities to the corresponding ones of K- and H-type transition, for which two-dimensional Tollmien–Schlichting waves are the starting point. However, two-dimensional Tollmien–Schlichting waves are usually not initiated or observed in oblique transition and consequently the similarities are due to the oblique waves and streamwise streaks appearing in all three scenarios.
Updating the evidence: A systematic review of a decade of Infant and Early Childhood Mental Health Consultation (IECMHC) research

Abstract Infant and Early Childhood Mental Health Consultation (IECMHC) is a preventative, capacity‐building intervention in which mental health professionals partner with early childhood professionals to indirectly improve the environments and relationships that young children experience. Prior research has demonstrated that IECMHC is associated with positive outcomes for children, teachers, and classrooms. Over the past decade, IECMHC implementation and research have expanded, warranting an updated review. The current paper provides an update of the IECMHC evidence base. Included studies (n = 16) were systematically gathered, screened, and coded for context, intervention characteristics, methods and measures, outcomes across ecological levels, and alignment with the IDEAS Impact Framework's guiding questions. Our analysis replicates prior reviews, describing the positive impact of IECMHC on outcomes such as child externalizing behavior, teacher self‐efficacy, and teacher‐child interactions. Beyond updating prior reviews, this analysis describes emerging, nuanced findings regarding the mechanisms of change and the differential impact of IECMHC. We augment our review with descriptions of evaluations that did not meet our inclusion criteria (e.g., IECMHC in the home visiting context, unpublished evaluation reports) to provide context for our findings. Finally, we provide policy and practice implications and articulate an agenda for future research.
Estimating the proportion of immunes in a censored sample

SUMMARY An estimator for the proportion of 'immunes' in a population is proposed, when a sample of censored failure times is available. Our suggestion is to use one minus the maximum observed value of the Kaplan-Meier empirical distribution function. This estimator is shown to be consistent and asymptotically normal, under modest conditions on the censoring mechanism. Simulations suggest that the estimator is approximately normal for quite small sample sizes, provided the immune proportion is not too close to zero. A simple nonparametric statistic is proposed to test whether the assumptions of the analysis are likely to be valid.
Photometry, polarimetry, spectroscopy, and spectropolarimetry of the enigmatic Wolf-Rayet star EZ Canis Majoris

New observations of the peculiar Wolf-Rayet star EZ Canis Majoris collected since 1987 are presented, and photometric, polarimetric, spectroscopic, and spectropolarimetric data are discussed. Linear polarization data are well fitted with an eccentric binary model where an additional free parameter is included to allow for epoch-dependent changes of the geometrical electron distribution in the W-R envelope. This yields a set of basic parameters, including an eccentricity e = 0.39 +/- 0.02 and an orbital inclination i = 114 deg +/- 3 deg. The spectroscopic data show global profile variations for all three observed strong emission lines He II 5412 A, C IV 5807 A, and He I 5876 A. Radial velocities of the lines vary with the 3.766-day period. Radially expanding inhomogeneities are superposed on the line profiles and variable polarization in the lines is observed.
The Motion of Ellipsoidal Particles in a Viscous Fluid

In a recent paper* Dr. G. B. Jeffery has discussed the equations of motion of ellipsoidal particles immersed in a moving viscous fluid. He has solved the problem completely in The case of spheroidal particles immersed in a very viscous fluid which is moving parallel to a plane with a uniform shearing motion. his so1ution shows that the motion depends on the initial conditions of release of the Particle. The motion is periodic, and there appears to be no tendency for a particle to set itself so that its axis 1ies in any Particular direction. The Particle, in fact, takes up the rotation of the fluid, and its axis of symmetry describes a kind of elliptic cone round the direction of the vortex filaments, that is, round the direction which is perpendicular to the plane in which the motion of the fluid takes places. Though the ana1ysis, which neglects the inertia terms in the equations of motion, gives no indication of any tendency for the axis to set itself in any particular direction, Dr. Jeffery considers that ultimate1y the axis would probably adopt some special position, and he puts forward a " minimum energy ” hypothesis, which leads to the following definite, though unproved and unverified, results:— 1. A prolate spheroid, subject to the restriction imposed by this hypothesis, would set itself so that its long axis was Parallel to the vortex lines, and therefore perpendicular to the plane in which this undisturbed motion of the fluid takes places. It would then rotate with the fluid, which would move in steady motion relative to it.
Intentionality and Engagement: The effects of video game engagement on mindreading performance

— Recursive mindreading is the human ability to understand and interpret nested mental states and beliefs held by one or multiple agents (e.g.: “A believes that B wants that C thinks X”) . While theory of mind represents a second level of intentionality, we can extend this chain to more complex relationships. One of the main issues in the study of recursive intentional states is the difficulty to test human performance using representational stimuli. Current methodology involves several types of questionnaires often based on story vignettes. In these cases the participants are passive observers or listeners, not actively being involved or in control of the actual social context they need to understand. Our research studies whether participants interactively engaged in the social experience reconstructed in a video game, perform better than those who passively watch a video presenting the same story. The results from 30 participants show that when engaged they performed better only on questions involving false beliefs.
Impact of Sugars on Hypothalamic Satiety Pathways and Its Contribution to Dysmetabolic States

Food behaviour is a complex and multifaceted cooperation between physiologic, psychological, social, and genetic factors, influencing meal timing, amount of food intake, food preferences, and food selections. Deregulation of the neurobiological mechanisms controlling food behaviour underlies the development of obesity and type 2 diabetes, two epidemics of the present century. Several brain nuclei are involved in the regulation of the different components of food behaviours; the hypothalamus is the key in controlling appetite and energy homeostasis. In this review, we will explain the role of the hypothalamus in the control of food intake and its interplay with other brain nuclei important in food behaviour. We will also highlight the deregulation of satiety pathways in type 2 diabetes and obesity and the mechanisms behind this deregulation. Finally, knowing that there are different categories of sugars and that they differently impact food behaviours, we will review in a concise manner the studies referring to the effects of sugars in satiety and reward pathways and their impacts on metabolic diseases.
Monochromatic phase curves and albedos for the lunar disk.

Photoelectric observations of the entire lunar disk made in 1964-1965 over phase angles from 6 to 12 deg in nine narrow bands from 0.35 to 1.0 microns and in UBV are reviewed. Phase curves are presented as a function of wavelength. The results confirm a reddening with increasing phase angle found by previous investigators for particular areas.
Two‐dimensional fractal Burgers equation with step‐like initial conditions

We consider the two‐dimensional convection–diffusion equation with a fractional Laplacian, supplemented with step‐like initial conditions. We show that the large time behavior of solutions to this IVP is described either by rarefaction waves, or diffusion waves, or suitable self‐similar solutions, depending on the order of the fractional dissipation and on a direction of a convective nonlinearity. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
POTENTIAL OF MATRIX METALLOPROTEINASES AND THEIR INHIBITORS IN COLORECTAL CARCINOMA PATIENTS

Summary Colorectal carcinoma (CRC) is the third most common type of cancer worldwide. Early stages of colorectal cancer are associated with good survival rates. However, most colorectal cancers are diagnosed at advanced stages when disease is no longer limited to bowel wall. Penetration through the bowel wall is partly attributed to disfunctionate extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are enzymes that have an important role in ECM degradation. Activity of MMPs is controlled by tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases or TIMPs. MMP-1, -2, -3. -7, -9, -13 blood levels correlate with the stage of disease. In fact, determining the concentrations of MMPs and TIMPs in plasma/serum may differentiate colorectal adenomas from colorectal carcinomas. Furthermore, a correlation between the anastomotic leakage in colorectal cancer surgery and levels of TIMP-1, MMP-8 and MMP-9 has been found. TIMP-1 was also considered in monitoring chemotherapy effects. In this paper we review current applications of quantifying MMPs and TIMPs and their implications for clinical prac-tice.
Effect of Na presence during CuInSe2 growth on stacking fault annihilation and electronic properties

While presence of Na is essential for the performance of high-efficiency Cu(In,Ga)Se2 thin film solar cells, the reasons why addition of Na by post-deposition treatment is superior to pre-deposition Na supply—particularly at low growth temperatures—are not yet fully understood. Here, we show by X-ray diffraction and electron microscopy that Na impedes annihilation of stacking faults during the Cu-poor/Cu-rich transition of low temperature 3-stage co-evaporation and prevents Cu homogeneity on a microscopic level. Lower charge carrier mobilities are found by optical pump terahertz probe spectroscopy for samples with remaining high stacking fault density, indicating a detrimental effect on electronic properties if Na is present during growth.
ENTROPY NUMBERS AND WIDTHS FOR THE CLASSES B rp, ✓ OF PERIODIC FUNCTIONS OF MANY VARIABLES

We establish the exact-order estimates for the entropy numbers of the Nikol’skii–Besov classes of periodic functions of two variables in the space L 1 and use the obtained results to estimate the lower bounds for the Kolmogorov, linear, and trigonometric widths. We also study the behavior of similar asymptotic characteristics of the classes B rp, ✓ of periodic functions of many variables in the spaces L 1 and B 1 , 1 .
Medical Students and the Impostor Phenomenon: A Coexistence Precipitated and Perpetuated by the Educational Environment?

People who experience the impostor phenomenon have intense thoughts of fraudulence regarding their intellect or professional activities. This perception of illegitimacy leads sufferers to believe that success in their lives is attributable to some form of error. Despite the phenomenon having been thoroughly researched in a plethora of professional and educational environments, there remains a relative lack of insight into the impostor phenomenon amongst medical students. This research aimed to better understand the relationship between medical students and the impostor phenomenon, and subsequently to investigate whether their coexistence is precipitated and perpetuated by the educational environment. A cross-sectional study of medical students was conducted using a pragmatist approach, integrating quantitative and qualitative data, via a questionnaire, focus groups and interviews. The main quantitative measure used was the validated Clance Impostor Phenomenon Scale (CIPS), where higher scores indicate more marked impostor experiences. A total of 191 questionnaire responses were received, and 19 students attended a focus group or interview. The average CIPS score for the cohort was 65.81 ± 13.72, indicating that the average student had “frequent” impostor experiences. Of note, 65.4% of students were classed as having “clinically significant” impostor experiences and females scored 9.15 points higher than males on average ( p < 0.0001). Examination rankings were frequently cited as a major contributing factor to students’ impostor feelings, and data revealed an increase of 1.12 points per decile that a student drops down the rankings ( p < 0.05). Students’ quotes were used extensively to underpin the quantitative data presented and offer an authentic insight into their experiences. This study provides new insights and contributes to our understanding of the impostor phenomenon amongst medical students, and eight recommendations for practice are presented, which are intended to provide medical schools with opportunities for pedagogical innovation
Separation of linear and quadratic magneto-optic Kerr effects in ultra-thin Fe films using a rotating field method

A rotating field method was applied to separate linear and quadratic magneto-optic Kerr effects (MOKE) of Fe/GaAs(001) and Fe/MgO/GaAs(001) epitaxial films, and two quadratic MOKE terms could be quantitatively separated. The linear MOKE was independent of crystal orientation, but the quadratic MOKE showed a sinusoidal relationship with a 90° period. The experimental results are fully consistent with theory based on the transfer matrix method.
Propagation of Hydromagnetic Waves in Collisionless Plasma. II. Kinetic Approach

The propagation of hydromagnetic waves of small amplitude in a collisionless plasma is considered on the basis of the Vlasov equation. It is found that there exist the Alfven wave, the fast and the slow magnetoacoustic waves as well as the non-oscillating mode with vanishing real part of the frequency. Under some conditions, the non-oscillating wave causes the mirror instability in the direction nearly perpendicular to a magnetic field. Numerical discussions are carried out in the phase velocity plane as well as in the Friedrichs diagram for each type of waves, and are compared with the corresponding results in the Chew, Coldberger and Low approximation.
Continuous Patient State Attention Models

Irregular time-series (ITS) are prevalent in the electronic health records (EHR) as the data is recorded in EHR system as per the clinical guidelines/requirements but not for research and also depends on the patient health status. ITS present challenges in training of machine learning algorithms, which are mostly built on assumption of coherent fixed dimensional feature space. In this paper, we propose a computationally efficient variant of the transformer based on the idea of cross-attention, called Perceiver, for time-series in healthcare. We further develop continuous patient state attention models, using the Perceiver and the transformer to deal with ITS in EHR. The continuous patient state models utilise neural ordinary differential equations to learn the patient health dynamics, i.e., patient health trajectory from the observed irregular time-steps, which enables them to sample any number of time-steps at any time. The performance of the proposed models is evaluated on in-hospital-mortality prediction task on Physionet-2012 challenge and MIMIC-III datasets. The Perceiver model significantly outperforms the baselines and reduces the computational complexity, as compared with the transformer model, without significant loss of performance. The carefully designed experiments to study irregularity in healthcare also show that the continuous patient state models outperform the baselines. The code is publicly released and verified at https://codeocean.com/capsule/4587224
Serum Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone and 25-Hydroxycholecalciferol Levels in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder and Intellectual Disability in Northern India: A Case-Control Study

Background: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and intellectual disability (ID) affect 2-3% of the global population with both conditions having unclear pathophysiology. Little data exists from South Asia examining the association between these conditions and the disturbances in thyroid profile and vitamin-D status. Objective: This study sought to characterize the association between these conditions and serum thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and 25-hydroxycholecalciferol (25(OH)D3) levels, from a resource-limited setting in India. Methods: The present work was a prospective, multi-arm, case-control study conducted and reported in accordance with Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) guidelines. Children with ASD, children with ID, and age-and-sex-matched healthy controls, attending the outpatient clinics of pediatrics and psychiatry in Northern India were included. Primary outcomes were serum TSH and 25(OH)D3 levels, which were measured by chemiluminescent immunoassay and compared using ANOVA. Results: A total of 45 children were included of which 15 had ASD, 30 with ID, and 30 were controls. There were 44 males and 31 females, with a mean age of 7.01{+/-}2.77 years. Mean{+/-}SD levels of 25(OH)D3 were significantly lower in ASD (9.53{+/-}4.93 IU/mL) and ID (14.39{+/-}5.99 IU/mL) compared to healthy controls (16.37{+/-}10.68 IU/mL) [p=0.032]. Mean{+/-}SD levels of TSH were similar in ASD (2.65{+/-}1.96 ), ID (2.47{+/-}2.03), and controls (2.19{+/-}1.42), with no significant difference [F-value=0.37; P=0.69]. 8% (N=6/75) of the participants had a raised TSH level. Conclusion: In conclusion, children with ASD and ID have significantly lower vitamin D3 levels compared to healthy controls. High-quality randomized controlled trials are warranted to further investigate the therapeutic impact of early-life vitamin D supplementation in these indications.
The effects of radiative transfer on the reionization of an inhomogeneous universe

Assuming simple dynamics for the growth of density fluctuations, we implement six-dimensional (6D) radiative transfer calculations to elucidate the effects of photon propagation during the reionization of an inhomogeneous universe. The ionizing sources are postulated to be AGN-like in this paper. The present simulations reveal that radiative transfer effects are still prominent considerably after the percolation epoch, in which patchy ionized regions connect with each other. In other words, owing to the collective opacity, the Universe does not become perfectly transparent against ionizing radiation even though strongly self-shielded regions disappear. It turns out that the inhomogeneity of the medium enhances the opacity effects and delays the end of reionization. Owing to such radiative transfer effects, the reionization in an inhomogeneous universe proceeds fairly slowly, in contrast to the prompt reionization in a homogeneous universe, and as a result the surface of reionization is not so sharply edged, but highly uneven. As a signature of the uneven surface of reionization, the cosmic IR background (CIB) radiation, which is produced by Lyα photons resulting from radiative recombination, could exhibit strong anisotropies, reflecting the amplitude of density fluctuations at the reionization era. The predicted CIB intensity lies on a level of possible detection by forthcoming IR space telescope facilities.
A Forelli–Rudin Construction and Asymptotics of Weighted Bergman Kernels

Let Ω be a pseudoconvex domain in CN with smooth boundary, −φ, −ψ two smooth defining functions for Ω={φ>0} such that −log ψ, −log φ are plurisubharmonic, z∈Ω a point at which −log φ is strictly plurisubharmonic, and M⩾0 an integer. We show that as k→∞, the Bergman kernels with respect to the weights φkψM have the asymptotic expansionKφkψM(z, z)=kNπNφ(z)kψ(z)M∑j=0∞bj(z)k−j,b0=det−∂2logφ∂zj∂zk.For Ω strongly pseudoconvex with real-analytic boundary, φ, ψ real analytic and −log φ, −log ψ strictly plurisubharmonic on Ω, we obtain also the analogous result for KφkψM(x, y) for (x, y) near the diagonal and discuss consequences for the asymptotics of the Berezin transform and for the Berezin quantization. The proofs rely on Fefferman's expansion for the Bergman kernel in a certain Forelli–Rudin type domain over Ω; as another application, they also yield a generalization of the cited Fefferman's expansion to a class of weighted Bergman kernels.