Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Southern hemisphere tropical cyclones: A critical analysis of regional characteristics

The destructive nature of tropical cyclones poses a risk to the regions where they occur during and after landfall. Southern hemisphere countries are usually more vulnerable to these risks and impacts due to their lower adaptive capacity. Research for the northern hemisphere has comprehensively explored the nature of tropical cyclones. This information has since been applied to long‐term adaptation plans and short‐term evacuation plans. This study interrogates the characteristics and nature of Southern Hemisphere tropical cyclones and critically explores their differences to Northern Hemisphere storm characteristics. The differences found between the hemispheric storm activities include seasonality, number of storms and the latitudinal position at which these storms undergo genesis and intensification. Similarities were found in storm intensity, which was observed to increase with the time taken to reach maximum lifetime intensity. Higher sea surface temperatures were similarly found to be a major factor associated with increased intensity and lifetime of Southern Hemisphere tropical cyclones. Tropical cyclone seasonality is also centred around the warmer months within each hemisphere. Compared to the Northern Hemisphere the tropical cyclone seasonal length indicates no increase. The magnitude of sea surface temperature increase is also lower in the Northern Hemisphere. These fundamental links observed with temperature in both hemispheres implicates climate warming and its impact on tropical cyclones in both hemispheres, regardless of their seasonality and frequency.
PROFESIONAL FEE, PERGANTIAN CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER (CEO), FINANCIAL DISTRESS DAN REAL EARNINGS MANAGEMENT

Profesional Fee, Pergantian Chief Executive Officer (CEO), Financial Distress, dan Real Earnings Management. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis pengaruh profesional fee, pergantian CEO dan financial distress terhadap real earnings management pada perusahaan manufaktur yang tercatat di Bursa Efek Indonesia (BEI) selama periode tahun 2015-2017. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh perusahaan manufaktur yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia periode 2015-2017. Sampel penelitian ditentukan berdasarkan metode purposive sampling yang dipilih dengan beberapa kriteria tertentu. Jenis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah data sekunder. Analisis data menggunakan analisis regresi linier berganda dengan menggunakan SPSS versi 26 sebagai alat analisis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa profesional fee berpengaruh negatif dan tidak signifikan terhadap real earnings management; pergantian CEO berpengaruh positif dan tidak signifikan terhadap real earnings management; dan financial distress berpengaruh negatif signifikan terhadap real earnings management.
Collaborative Market Driving: How Peer Firms Can Develop Markets Through Collective Action

Firms often aim to develop markets as part of their long-term strategies. Conventionally, research in marketing has explained this complex process by stressing firms’ efforts to outdo their peers. While this emphasis is valuable, it overlooks the role of another major force in market evolution: collective action among peer firms. To address this oversight, this article conceptualizes “collaborative market driving,” defining it as the collective strategy in which peer firms consistently cooperate among themselves and with other actors to develop markets in ways that increase their overall competitiveness. This conceptualization includes the triggers that lead peer firms to mobilize for collective action and coalesce with other market actors; it also identifies how this coalition converts collective resources into market-driving power. These theoretical contributions, based on a multimethod analysis of the rise of U.S. craft breweries, offer an alternative course of action for firms interested in driving new markets when they lack adequate resources to do so individually.
Pattern of adverse drug reactions occurring at department of neurology of a tertiary care hospital in India

Background: The objective of the study was to study the pattern and trends of adverse effects of drugs used in department of neurology in a tertiary care hospital. Methods: A prospective, observational study was carried out for a duration of 12 months from November 2018 to October 2019 at Department of Neurology and Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, G.S. V.M. Medical College, Kanpur after getting an approval from institutional ethical committee. Data was collected by analyzing OPD prescription slip, treatment charts and investigation reports. All relevant information regarding adverse drug reactions (ADRs) were collected as per norms of Indian Pharmacopoeia commission (IPC). Results: During the study period, a total of 130 ADRs reported. Most of the ADRs were reported due to antiepileptic drugs followed by antiparkinsonian drugs. Dizziness was the most frequent ADR reported. Most of the ADRs were reported due to phenytoin. Other ADRs observed were drowsiness, nausea/vomiting, weakness, joint pain, dyskinesia. Conclusions: Most of the ADRs were due to anti-epileptic drugs. Most of the reactions were of mild severity.
Self-Attention Network for Partial-Discharge Diagnosis in Gas-Insulated Switchgear

Detecting, measuring, and classifying partial discharges (PDs) are important tasks for assessing the condition of insulation systems used in different electrical equipment. Owing to the implementation of the phase-resolved PD (PRPD) as a sequence input, an existing method that processes sequential data, e.g., the recurrent neural network, using a long short-term memory (LSTM) has been applied for fault classification. However, the model performance is not further improved because of the lack of supporting parallel computation and the inability to recognize the relevance of all inputs. To overcome these two drawbacks, we propose a novel deep-learning model in this study based on a self-attention mechanism to classify the PD patterns in a gas-insulated switchgear (GIS). The proposed model uses a self-attention block that offers the advantages of simultaneous computation and selective focusing on parts of the PRPD signals and a classification block to finally classify faults in the GIS. Moreover, the combination of LSTM and self-attention is considered for comparison purposes. The experimental results show that the proposed method achieves performance superiority compared with the previous neural networks, whereas the model complexity is significantly reduced.
Evaluation of Different Salts and Heavy Metal Concentrations on Bacterial Biofilm from Selected Surface and Borehole Water Samples

Biofilms in drinking water systems can serve as significant environmental reservoirs for pathogenic bacteria associated with gastro-enteric diseases. The evaluation of the effects of different salts and metal concentrations on bacterial biofilm from surface and borehole water samples was conducted. Water samples were collected, from 10 selected water sources of economic importance, aseptically using sterile containers. The physicochemical properties were investigated before the biofilm generation process. The collected water samples were allowed to stand in a secluded environment for four (4) weeks at 27°C±2°C for biofilm generation. The isolates were characterized culturally, morphologically, biochemically and molecularly. The isolates were identified as Stenotrophomonas pavanii, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, Chromobacterium violaceum, Bacillus cereus, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. It was observed that the isolates exhibited growth at a wide range of temperature, salts, pH, and metal salt concentrations. To determine the metal tolerance of the isolates, different concentrations (0.05, 0.1, 0.5, and 1.0%) of four metal salts; ferrous chloride (FeCl2), zinc chloride (ZnCl2), calcium chloride (CaCl2), and magnesium oxide (MgO) was used in nutrient broth. Their ability to grow in medium containing different salt (NaCl) concentrations was also evaluated. Different concentrations of NaCl ranging from 2.0% to 10.0% were used in nutrient broth seeded with 0.1ml of the inocula and incubated at 37°C for 48 and 24hours respectively. Growth was measured in terms of OD at 660 nm using spectrophotometer. Results showed a decline in the growth of the isolates with percentage increase in concentrations of all the metal salts. The result of the effect of NaCl salt on growth showed a decrease in growth with an increase in NaCl concentration from 2% to 10%. For Stenotrophomonas pavanii, FeCl2 is negatively correlated with pH r=-. 998 but there is positive correlation between CaCl2 and NaCl with r=889.
Quantum of cortico-cancellous bone safe for harvest from anterior iliac wing of pediatric patients: a finite element analysis with clinical correlation

Osseous maxillofacial reconstruction is extremely demanding due to its pivotal role in facial aesthetics and function of the stomatognathic system. Reconstructive options often range from free bone grafts to microvascular free flaps. Autogenous bone graft are considered the gold standard reconstruction for small maxillofacial defects. The anatomical variations, quantum of graft available, complication rates are the primary factors that determine choice of donor site. Anterior iliac wing (AIW) has received greater popularity for maxillofacial reconstruction considering the quantum of bone graft available and low complication rates. However pediatric population needs special addresal, considering the varied anatomy that restricts the quantum of bone that can be harvested. Apart from this, the cartilagenous apophyses act as areas of weakness which can undergo spontaneous fractures under the influence of physiologic muscle contraction. Harvest of bone graft in this population may further weakens the cortical shell that may interfere with the transmission of load to the axial skeleton leading to chronic complications. Thus it is essential to understand the anatomical constraints of paediatric hip bone in relation to the surrounding muscular anatomy to assess the safe volume of bone that can be harvested with minimal morbidity in these patients. The aim of the study was to evaluate the ABSTRACT
Aggregation in juvenile pike (Esox lucius): interactions between habitat and density in early winter

Summary 1Juvenile pike (Esox lucius), a cannibalistic fish species, aggregates within habitat patches. The advantages to cannibals of aggregating in the absence of other predators and food constraints are not immediately obvious. In this study we explore the basis for this grouping by observing how spatial distributions of juvenile pike are mediated by the presence of conspecifics. 2Solitary pike preferred shallow-water (0·17 m depth) habitats. When fish density was increased, the average time spent in alternative deep-water habitat (0·33 m) increased, consistent with a despotic type of distribution and suggesting that interference was occurring. 3In pairs of fish, one pike, nominally the dominant individual, showed a habitat use similar to that of single fish. The second individual mostly occupied deep water, again consistent with a despotic distribution and apparently mediated by intimidation interference. However, dominant pike did on occasion enter deep water, at which times the subordinate pike remained with the dominant fish, appearing to aggregate in the pool. 4We propose that habitat-specific risk could explain aggregations of pike in deep water. Although remaining in close proximity to dominant individuals in deep water would seemingly put subordinate fish at great risk, the alternative of moving to shallow water may increase risk still further by reducing the capacity to perceive and/or evade attacks.
Spatial distribution and prediction of seed production by Eucalyptus microcarpa in a fragmented landscape

Woodlands worldwide have been greatly modified by clearing for agriculture, and their conservation and restoration requires understanding of tree recruitment processes. Seed production is one possible point of recruitment failure, and one that the spatial arrangement of trees may affect. We sampled 118 Eucalyptus microcarpa (Myrtaceae) trees to compare and analyse the determinants of seed production in this dominant tree of modified, fragmented temperate grassy woodlands, which extend over much of southeastern Australia. Fecundity was estimated as the seed crop measured on leaf mass and whole tree bases and was compared between categories of tree configuration. We also modelled fecundity using boosted regression trees, a new and flexible tool. Fecundity on a leaf mass basis was predominantly influenced by environmental factors (topographic ‘wetness’, slope, soil type), rather than by local tree density and configuration. Fewer seed per unit leaf mass were produced on flat and topographically wet sites, reflecting poor tolerance of waterlogging by E. microcarpa. By contrast, whole tree fecundity was little influenced by environmental factors. Local tree density and configuration did influence whole tree fecundity, which was high in solitary and woodland-spaced trees and reduced under high local density. We found little evidence for reduced fecundity of E. microcarpa in solitary trees. This points to the importance of scattered trees as sources of seed for tree recruitment and for natural regeneration of landscape level tree cover. Considerable uncertainty remains in modelled seed supply, and may be reduced with sampling across multiple years and greater environmental and spatial domains.
‘New Perspectives in Forestry’: a Basis for a Future Forest Management Policy in Great Britain?

Common forestry practices are being increasingly questioned in many countries. In Great Britain, controversy has surrounded a number of issues, including upland afforestation, single-species plantations and water acidifcation. With increasing international attention being given to the issues of sustainability and biodiversity, there will be pressure for developed countries to evolve policies that will satisfy their own internal responsibilities before they attempt to impose 'sound management principles' elsewhere. Many of the principles currently being discussed have been brought together under the term 'new perspectives in forestry', although some of these were actually developed and practised in Europe during the last century. Multipurpose forestry has been advocated as a means of achieving many goals, but a genuine application of this approach will require further changes to existing priorities and practices. Under 'new forestry' principles, forests are seen as ecosystems and management practices seek to ensure that the integrity of the ecosystems is maintained. In addition, a greater involvement of all interested parties is sought, both in the forest planning process and in subsequent management.
Tracing Holocene channels and landforms of the Nile Delta through integration of early elevation, geophysical, and sediment core data

Intensification of anthropogenic activities and related processes have altered the morphology of modern deltaic systems. As a result, mapping of geomorphic features, such as paleochannels, using recently acquired digital elevation data has become increasingly difficult. Using the Nile River and delta as a test site, we developed and applied procedures to map the distribution of paleochannels that existed throughout the Holocene. A high-resolution digital elevation model (DEM) derived from an early, detailed topographic sheet collection was used to minimize the impact of recent man-made topographic artifacts. The DEM-inferred paleochannel distribution was verified using direct and indirect subsurface data. Using our adopted methodology, we identified 76 main and subsidiary paleochannels with a total length exceeding (by >500 km) previously mapped paleochannels. The overwhelming majority (>80%) of the reported historical and archeological sites (29 sites) in the Nile Delta were found to be proximal (<2.5 km) to the identified paleochannels, an observation that is not obvious in any of the previous paleochannel delineations. These observations suggest that the delineated paleochannel distribution of the Nile Delta can be a useful guide for locating ancient cities currently obscured by man-made structures or buried under thick Holocene deposits. Moreover, it can potentially enhance our understanding of the geological and archeological history of the Nile Delta and has societal benefits as these channels could act as preferred pathways for groundwater flow. The advocated methods can be readily applied to river deltas worldwide where high-resolution elevation datasets acquired before the onset of heavy anthropogenic activities are available.
Avian Movement Imitation and a New Form of Mimicry: Tracing the Evolution of a Complex Form of Learning

[1. The spontaneous imitation of movements, previously known in two orders of mammals, is demonstrated in a psittacine bird. 2. The animal, a Grey parrot which has bonded to humans, utilizes its torso, legs, wings, head, beak, and tongue in the imitation of human movements. 3. A new form of imitation, ''non-vocal mimicry,'' is tentatively identified. It is defined by the use of skeletal movements to produce mimetic sounds. 4. Hierarchical relationships and phylogenetic patterns of occurrence suggest that imitative learning in birds may have evolved through the sequence: song/call learning → vocal mimicry → non-vocal mimicry→ movement imitation. 5. These relationships and patterns, and possible differences in function and incubation time, suggest that movement imitation in birds is not homologous to that in mammals. , 1. The spontaneous imitation of movements, previously known in two orders of mammals, is demonstrated in a psittacine bird. 2. The animal, a Grey parrot which has bonded to humans, utilizes its torso, legs, wings, head, beak, and tongue in the imitation of human movements. 3. A new form of imitation, ''non-vocal mimicry,'' is tentatively identified. It is defined by the use of skeletal movements to produce mimetic sounds. 4. Hierarchical relationships and phylogenetic patterns of occurrence suggest that imitative learning in birds may have evolved through the sequence: song/call learning → vocal mimicry → non-vocal mimicry→ movement imitation. 5. These relationships and patterns, and possible differences in function and incubation time, suggest that movement imitation in birds is not homologous to that in mammals. ]
Productive performance and cost effectiveness of broiler using three different probiotics in the diet

The experiment reported here was an attempt to evaluate the effect of feeding three different probiotics to broilers on productive performance, meat yield and profitability of rearing for 42 days in an open sided house, at Bangladesh Agricultural University Poultry Farm. Two hundred fifty-six one-day old Indian River straight run broiler chicks were randomly allotted to four dietary treatments each of four replicates of 16 chicks each providing floor space of 1115 cm per bird. The basal diet was corn-soya and it was supplemented with different probiotics to make test diets. The dietary treatments were: basal diet (T1); basal diet supplemented with probiotic-1 (PB-1) at 1.0 g/kg feed (T2); basal diet supplemented with probiotic-2 (PB-2) at 1.0 g/kg feed (T3); basal diet supplemented with probiotic-3 (PB-3) at 0.5 g/kg feed (T4). Birds were fed starter diet from 0-21 days of age and grower diet from 2242 days of age. Records were kept of performance traits and carcass yields by maintaining birds under identical management. Profitability was determined on termination of the trial. Performance and carcass yield data were statistically analyzed employing SAS Computer Package Program (SAS, 2009). Results showed no variation (P>0.05) in growth performance and meat yield characteristics of commercial broilers irrespective of types of probiotic supplementation. However, feed intake increased (P<0.05) due to supplementation of probiotics. Although higher cost (p<0.05) incurred due to addition of probiotics in the diet, such an addition increased profit. Profit over control was BDT 12.20/bird (BDT 5.10/kg) in PB1, BDT 18.70/bird (BDT 7.40/kg) in PB-2 and BDT 17.10/bird (BDT 6.40/kg) in PB-3 group. The profit was higher in all the treated groups over control indicating that the use of probiotics irrespective of type was profitable and cost effective.
African Solutions to African Challenges: The Role of Legitimacy in Mediating Civil Wars in Africa

Abstract The current scholarly literature on the international mediation of civil wars draws predominantly on a rationalist-materialist perspective. This perspective suggests that the ticket to mediation success is the material manipulation of the bargaining environment by third parties with a high degree of economic and military resources. I argue that legitimacy also determines outcomes of mediation because if a mediator has legitimacy, it can continue to look for a mutually satisfactory outcome and try to pull the conflict parties toward compliance. I show that legitimacy matters by systematically comparing the effectiveness of African and non-African third parties. African third parties are typically considered ineffective because of a low degree of economic and military capacity. However, they effectively mediate civil wars in Africa because of a high degree of legitimacy, which is a result of a strong conviction within the African society of states that African mediation is the most desirable type in conflicts there. Drawing on data from the Uppsala Conflict Data Program supplemented with unique data, which together cover all mediation efforts in Africa between 1960 and 2017, I find quantitative evidence supporting the effectiveness of African third parties. Compared to non-African ones, African third parties are far more likely to conclude negotiated settlements that are more likely to be durable. African third parties are especially effective if the conflict parties are highly committed to the African solutions norm. Theoretically, this study deviates from much of the literature that puts forward solely rationalist-materialist explanations of mediation success. By bringing legitimacy to the forefront, this article supplements the current mediation literature that emphasizes material sources of power and ignores social structures.
The Phylogeny of the Agaonidae (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea)

This is an interim report on the analysis of the relationships within the Agaonidae (fig wasps). The family is subdivided into the two subfamilies Agaoninae and Blastophaginae. In the Agaoninae, three groups are recognized, according to their geographical distribution (i.e., Africa, Australia c.a., South America). In the Blastophaginae, one complex is formed by some species hitherto classified with Blastophaga ("C" and "D"), Ceratosolen and Kradibia; Liporrhopalum appears related. A fit with the botanical classification is only apparent between the Agaonid genera and the (sub)sections of Ficus, but does not seem to exist at a higher level.