Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Pediatric household transmission of SARS-CoV-2 infection

BACKGROUND: As a result of low numbers of pediatric cases early in the COVID-19 pandemic, pediatric household transmission of SARS-CoV-2 remains an understudied topic. This study sought to determine whether there are differences in the odds of household transmission for younger children compared to older children. METHODS: We assembled a cohort of all individuals in Ontario, Canada with laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection between June 1 and December 31, 2020. The cohort was restricted to individuals residing in private households (N=132,232 cases in 89,191 households), identified through an address matching algorithm. Analysis focused on households in which the index case was aged <18 years. Logistic regression models were fit to estimate the association between age group of pediatric index cases (0-3, 4-8, 9-13, and 14-17 years) and odds of household transmission. RESULTS: A total of 6,280 households had pediatric index cases, and 1,717 (27.3%) experienced secondary transmission. Children aged 0-3 years had the highest odds of household transmission compared to children aged 14-17 years (model adjusted for gender, month of disease onset, testing delay, and average family size: 1.43, 95% CI: 1.17-1.75). This association was similarly observed in sensitivity analyses defining secondary cases as 2-14 days or 4-14 days after the index case, and stratified analyses by presence of symptoms, association with a school/childcare outbreak, or school/childcare reopening. Children aged 4-8 years and 9-13 years also had increased odds of transmission (4-8: 1.40, 95% CI: 1.18-1.67; 9-13: 1.13, 95% CI: 0.97-1.32). CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that younger children are more likely to transmit SARS-CoV-2 infection compared to older children, and the highest odds of transmission was observed for children aged 0-3 years. Differential infectivity of pediatric age groups has implications for infection prevention controls within households, as well as schools/childcare, to minimize risk of household secondary transmission.
Characterization of antibody response in asymptomatic and symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection

SARS-CoV-2 pandemic is causing high morbidity and mortality burden worldwide with unprecedented strain on health care systems. To elucidate the mechanism of infection, protection, or rapid evolution until fatal outcome of the disease we performed a study in hospitalized COVID-19 patients to investigate the time course of the antibody response in relation to the outcome. In comparison we investigated the time course of the antibody response in SARS-CoV-2 asymptomatic subjects. Study results show that patients produce a strong antibody response to SARS-CoV-2 with high correlation between different viral antigens (spike protein and nucleoprotein) and among antibody classes (IgA, IgG, and IgM and neutralizing antibodies). The peak is reached by 3 weeks from hospital admission followed by a sharp decrease. No difference was observed in any parameter of the antibody classes, including neutralizing antibodies, between subjects who recovered or with fatal outcome. Only few asymptomatic subjects developed antibodies at detectable levels.
Hepatoprotective, Gastroprotective, Antioxidant Activity and Phenolic Constituents of Quercus robur Leaves

Phytochemical investigation of the 80% aqueous methanol extract (AME) of Quercus robur leaves using chromatographic techniques, led to isolation of ten phenolic compounds, namely gallic acid (1), methyl gallate (2), strictinin (3), 4-O-galloyl-2,3-(S)hexahydroxydiphenoyl-(α/β)-D-glucopyranose (4), 2,3-(S)-hexahydroxydiphenoyl-(α/β)-D-glucopyranose (5), casuarinin (6), casuariin (7), kaempferol 3-O-(6′′-O-galloyl)-β-D-C1-galactopyranoside (8), ellagic acid (9) and ellagic acid 3-O-methyl ether (10). Compounds 4, 5 and 8 were isolated from Quercus genus for the first time, while 2, 3, 6, 7, 9 and 10 were isolated for the first time from Q. robur. Structures of the isolated compounds were established using chemical and physical methods and by comparison with compounds reported in literature. The AME of Q. robur was found to be nontoxic to mice up to 5000 mg /kg b.wt. It exhibited a significant hepatoprotective activity, as compared to paracetamol treated group and gastroprotective activity, as compared to ethanol treated group in dose dependent manner. The results are supported by histopathological data in the current study. Both AME and its tannin fractions exhibited marked in vitro antioxidant activity, as compared to pyrogallol and ascorbic acid using DPPH method.
First Bovine Serum Albumin‐Promoted Synthesis of Enones, Cinnamic Acids and Coumarins in Ionic Liquid: An Insight into the Role of Protein Impurities in Porcine Pancreas Lipase for Olefinic Bond Formation

During studies on exploiting the catalytic promiscuity of crude porcine pancreas lipase (PPL) in ionic liquid for C=C bond formations, bovine serum albumin (BSA) was found to be competing for these reactions. After a detailed investigation, we establish that these transformations are possible by unspecific protein catalysis rather than catalytic promiscuity of "PPL" - a first insight into the role of protein impurities in crude enzyme. Thus, a novel and highly efficient, environmentally friendly approach involving synergistic catalysis by bovine serum albumin-1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide (BSA-[bmim]Br) has been developed for the synthesis of (E)-α,β-unsaturated compounds including a one-pot cascade synthesis of cinnamic acids and coumarins via aldol, Knoevenagel and Knoevenagel-Doebner condensations.
Anomalies in high‐field growth of aluminium oxide using pulse anodizing

The present work is motivated by own studies about the heat impact during hard anodizing where the influence of voltage pulse modulation on the temperature development inside anodic films was investigated. For a better understanding of the interplay between pulse modulation and oxide formation, pulse experiments were carried out in an acetate buffer electrolyte with varying pulse parameters. Under these conditions, the oxide film only consists of a pore free barrier layer. The authors started from the presumption that the oxide film formation follows the high‐field mechanism that is well evidenced for single pulse experiments. The oxide properties were characterized by electrochemical experiments. The authors found significant differences of the oxide properties depending on the pulse parameters that cannot be explained by high‐field law of oxide formation. The results suggest a changing in the oxide properties (density, short‐range order and content of electrolyte species) generated by pulse anodizing. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Stabilization of Brain Network Dynamics during Childhood and Adolescence is Associated with Gene Expressions

Functional brain networks require dynamic reconfiguration to support flexible cognitive function. However, the developmental principles shaping brain network dynamics remain poorly understood. Here, we report the longitudinal development of large-scale brain network dynamics during childhood and adolescence, and its connection with gene expression profiles. Using a multilayer network model, we show the temporally varying modular architecture of child brain networks, with higher network switching primarily in the association cortex and lower switching in the primary regions. This topographical profile exhibits progressive maturation, which manifests as reduced modular dynamics, particularly in the transmodal (e.g., default-mode and frontoparietal) and sensorimotor regions. These developmental refinements mediate age-related enhancements of global network segregation and are linked with the expression profiles of genes associated with the enrichment of ion transport and nucleobase-containing compound transport. These results highlight a progressive stabilization of brain dynamics, which expand our understanding of the neural mechanisms that underlie cognitive development.
Phospho-regulated auto-inhibition of Cnn controls microtubule nucleation during cell division

γ-tubulin-ring-complexes (γ-TuRCs) nucleate microtubules. They are recruited to centrosomes in dividing cells via binding to N-terminal CM1 domains within γ-TuRC-tethering proteins, including Drosophila Cnn. Binding promotes microtubule nucleation and is restricted to centrosomes, but the mechanism regulating binding remains unknown. Here we identify an extreme N-terminal “CM1 auto-inhibition” (CAI) domain within the centrosomal isoform of Cnn (Cnn-C) that inhibits γ-TuRC binding. Cnn-C is phosphorylated at centrosomes and we find that phospho-mimicking sites within the CAI domain helps relieve auto-inhibition. In contrast, the testes-specific mitochondrial Cnn-T isoform lacks the CAI domain and can bind strongly to cytosolic γ-TuRCs. Ubiquitously expressing a version of Cnn-C lacking the CAI domain leads to major cell division defects, which appears to be due to ectopic cytosolic microtubule nucleation. We propose that the CAI domain folds back to sterically inhibit the CM1 domain, and that this auto-inhibition is relieved by phosphorylation that occurs specifically at centrosomes.
Formation of Ni- and Zn-Sulfides in Cultures of Sulfate-Reducing Bacteria

The purpose of this study was to characterize Ni- and Zn-sulfides precipitated in sulfate-reducing bacterial cultures. Fe-free media containing 58 mM SO 4 2− were amended with Ni and Zn chloride followed by inoculation. Precipitates were sampled from cultures after two weeks of incubation at 22, 45, and 60 ° C. Abiotic controls were prepared by reacting bacteria-free liquid media with Na 2 S solutions under otherwise identical conditions. Precipitates were collected anaerobically, freeze-dried and analyzed by x-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy, and for total Ni, Zn, and S. In Ni-containing media, biogenic sulfide precipitates were mostly heazelwoodite (Ni 3 S 2 ), whereas abiotic precipitates were mixed heazelwoodite and vaesite (NiS 2 ). The biogenic Ni-precipitates were better crystalline than the corresponding abiotic samples. Sphalerite (ZnS) was identified by XRD in precipitates sampled from Zn-containing media. Scanning electron microscopy revealed disordered morphological features for the sulfides, which occurred mostly as aggregates of fine particles in biogenic samples, whereas abiotic precipitates contained more plate- and needle-like structures.
Titrimetric and UV-spectrophotometric determination of diclofenac in tablet formulation

Diclofenac is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug. It is usually formulated as a sodium or potassium salt. It exhibits anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and anti-pyretic activities both in animals and in humans. This study sets out to evaluate the quality and efficacy of diclofenac tablets using Chemical and UV spectrophotometric methods with a view to providing simple, sensitive and cost-effective analytical methods. The tablet samples were subjected to weight uniformity and hardness test. Method validation was by means of a precision assay. The methods were applied to the determination of diclofenac in tablets formulation. Six different brands of diclofenac tablets sourced from pharmacies in Yenagoa and Port-Harcourt, South-south region of Nigeria were analysed for diclofenac by non-aqueous titrimetry and UV spectrophotometry at the λ max of 296 nm. All the six different brands of diclofenac tablet complied with the pharmacopoeia specification for uniformity of weight and the tablets possess suitable hardness for handling in manufacturing, packaging and shipping. The percentage purity of diclofenac from the non-aqueous titration ranged from 99.2 - 133%. The coefficient of variation for In-between run, Intra-day run and accuracy of the UV spectrophotometric method was within 4%. The percentage purity from UV determination ranged from 87.8 - 120.5%. Four of the six different samples conform to the BP specification using the non- aqueous titration while four of the brands did not meet the BP specification using the UV spectrophotometric method. The findings suggest that no single method could be adequate in the determination of the quality of pharmaceutical formulations.
Fabrication of Cu2O/Ag composite nanoframes as surface-enhanced Raman scattering substrates in a successive one-pot procedure

Semiconductor/metal composite nanomaterials have been used as surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) active substrates and have attracted increasing attention due to their widespread applications in both optical and material fields. Here, we report a facile strategy to prepare highly sensitive SERS substrates with excellent reproducibility and stability based on uniform and well-controlled Ag nanoparticle (NP) decorated Cu2O nanoframes. Our strategy is a unique one-pot procedure. Simply, hollow Cu2O/Ag composite nanoframes (Cu2O/Ag CNFs) with tunable silver content have been successfully designed and constructed by reduction of Ag+ with sodium citrate in a 14 day old Cu2O-containing mother solution, and then a second component (Ag) was directly deposited onto primary nanomaterials (Cu2O nanoframes). There is an optimum amount of Ag NPs. When 0.40 mM AgNO3 is used, the prepared Cu2O/Ag CNFs show significantly improved SERS properties with an enhancement factor of ~105. Furthermore, the enhancement mechanism, reproducibility and stability of Cu2O/Ag CNFs are investigated in detail. The excellent properties of the prepared Cu2O/Ag CNFs suggest that this substrate has a potential application in SERS detection.
THE PATIENT 90-year-old m an SIGNS & SYM PTOMS – Dyspnea – Lower extre mity edema – Limitations in daily activit ies

doi: 10.12788/jfp.0091 THE CASE An obese 90-year-old White man presented for a 1-month follow-up with his family physician after being hospitalized for an acute exacerbation of heart failure (HF). In addition to New York Heart Association (NYHA) Class III heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF), he had a history of tobacco abuse, hyperlipidemia, atrial fibrillation, coronary artery disease, stage 3 chronic kidney disease, and benign prostatic hyperplasia. The patient’s family accompanied him during the visit to discuss hospice care. The patient complained of persistent shortness of breath that limited his activities of daily living (ADLs) and lower extremity and scrotal edema. He denied chest pain, orthopnea, paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea, ascites, nocturia, and nocturnal cough. The patient had undergone a coronary artery bypass graft 23 years earlier. His HF was being managed with metoprolol tartrate 25 mg bid, spironolactone 25 mg/d, and furosemide 80 mg/d. Examination revealed bilateral 3+ pitting edema in the lower extremities midway up the shin, crackles to the inferior scapula bilaterally, and a 3/6 systolic murmur with regular rate and rhythm. The remainder of the physical exam was normal. The patient’s vitals were within normal limits, with an oxygen saturation of 90%. The patient’s most recent chest x-ray demonstrated mild cardiomegaly. An echocardiogram showed an ejection fraction of 44% with severe bi-atrial enlargement, moderate-tosevere mitral regurgitation, and mild-to-moderate aortic insufficiency. His brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) was 915 pg/mL (normal range for patients ages 75-99 years, < 450 pg/mL).
Allocating Bandwidth Based on Users’ Web Usage Patterns for University Networks: A Hybrid Data Mining Approach

 Abstract — Due to the limited bandwidth and continuous growth of users make the IT managers focus on the strategies concerning bandwidth allocation. Thus, managing the bandwidth in campus networks has become one of the challenges in recent years. This paper introduces a mechanism for bandwidth allocation based on the users’ web usage patterns. The main purpose is to set a higher bandwidth to the users who are inclined to browsing educational websites compared to those who are not. In attaining this proposed technique, a hybrid data mining approach were done which composed of preprocessing of the weblogs, class labeling of the dataset, computation of the feature subspaces, training for the development of the ANN for LDA/GSVD algorithm, and visualization. The proposed method was applied to real weblogs from university’s proxy servers which include 104 active users. The results indicate that the proposed method is useful in classifying those users who used the internet in an educational way and those who are not. Thus, the developed ANN for LDA/GSVD algorithm outperformed the existing algorithm up to 50% which indicates that this approach is efficient. Based on the results, 35.06% of the users browsed educational contents. Through this technique, users will be encouraged by using the internet for educational purposes. Moreover, IT managers can make better decisions to optimize the allocation of bandwidth resources.
Methane-steam reforming

Abstract For more than 40 years the catalyzed hydroearbon-steam reforming reaction has been of commercial value. The first units commissioned in the 1930s were run on light hydrocarbon feedstock at atmospheric pressure [l], It took until 1962 for a 15-atm steam reformer to come on-stream in the United Kingdom using liquid hydrocarbon feedstock [2–4].
Immune-Related Myositis and Myasthenia Gravis Overlap Following Pembrolizumab Administration : Case Report and Literature Review Annals of Case Reports & Reviews

Musculoskeletal immune-related adverse events (irAEs), including immune-related myositis (irMyositis), are increasingly being recognized following immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy. This is a case of irMyositis overlap with immunerelated myasthenia gravis (irMG) following pembrolizumab administration for non-small cell lung cancer. A 73-year-old woman presented to the rheumatologist with dyspnea, fatigue, proximal muscle weakness, diplopia, and eyelid weakness. Creatine kinase (CK) and aldolase were elevated, and electrodiagnostic studies revealed muscle inflammation and necrosis, with decremental response on repetitive nerve stimulation and evidence of postsynaptic neuromuscular junction dysfunction. Improvement of symptoms and normalization of CK occurred after initiation of prednisone and pyridostigmine, but ultimately cancer progressed and the patient died. Prompt initiation of corticosteroids with or without pyridostigmine for irMyositis-irMG overlap can produce clinical improvement in many patients, but further studies are needed to corroborate previous case series showing successful re-challenge with ICI in such cases.
A Simple Isocratic HPLC Method for the Simultaneous Determination of the Five Most Common Residual Monomers Released from Resin-Based Dental Restorative Materials

Resin-based dental restorative materials bonded to tooth structure have become one of the most important groups of dental materials nowadays. The presence of un-reacted monomers, as well as the degradation of resins, caused by hydrolysis and/or enzyme catalysis from saliva and oral environment, can lead to the continuous leaching of monomers with potentially cytotoxic and genotoxic effects for the human organism. A simple and rapid method for the determination of 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate, bisphenol A, triethylene glycol dimethacrylate, urethane dimethacrylate, and bisphenol A glycerolate dimethacrylate monomers released from dental polymeric materials is described. Chromatographic separation was achieved isocratically, within 11 min, using a Kromasil 100-C18 column (25 cm × 4.6 mm, 5 µM) with CH3OH:CH3CN:H2O, 60:15:25%, v/v, at a flow rate of 1.5 mL/min. The developed method was validated in terms of selectivity, linearity, accuracy, precision, and sensitivity. Within-day repeatability and between-day precision revealed RSD values lower than 11%. The limits of detection ranged from 0.17–0.33 ng/µL. No interference was observed under the described experimental conditions. The method was applied to the study of the monomers released from resin cements through human dentine. All, except for bisphenol A, were found to be released from resin cements through human dentin into the pulp space.
PROBLEMS AND OUTLOOKS OF OPTOGENETIC TECHNOLOGIES IN THE 21

Optogenetics is an innovative and fast-developing scientific trend uniting achievements of molecular biology and laser technologies for the monitoring of various biochemical processes in the cell and the control of cell activity with light. Recent advances in optogenetics are based on the use of genetically encoded photosensitive ion channels, which demonstrate various combinations of photostimulation. It is especially important to ensure the availability of a high-quality fiber-optic © Group of authors, 2019 UDC 577.35 DOI – https://doi.org/10.14300/mnnc.2019. 14141 ISSN – 2073-8137
A Technique for Predicting Water-Holding Capacity in Early Postmortem Muscle

Some methods to predict water-holding capacity use gravity, centrifugation, and other external and capillary forces (Honikel, 1998; Rasmussen and Andersson, 1996; Warriss, 2000; Hamm, 1986). Gravitational techniques include the hanging bag method proposed by Honikel (1998) and the Danish drip tube method developed by Rasmussen and Andersson (1996). Both of these methods require that muscle samples be removed at 24 h PM and allowed to “drip” for a given period of time, typically 24 h. Alternatively, centrifugation methods subject meat samples to centrifugal force involving high speeds and gravitational forces. This artificially-induced force results in a supernatant decanted as exudate. The muscle sample is weighed before and after centrifugation to determine the amount of moisture lost and the corresponding water-holding capacity can be predicted (Hamm, 1986; Warriss, 2000).
Irrigation of Monterey Pine with Wastewater: Effect on Soil Chemistry and Groundwater Composition

Fifteen-year old Monterey pine (Pinus radiata) was irrigated for 3 yr with wastewater derived from industrial and municipal sources. The wastewater contained high concentrations of Na²⁺ and HCO₃⁻ and was quite alkaline. Irrigation thus caused substantial increases in exchangeable Na²⁺, extractable P, exchangeable K⁺, pH, and the electrical conductivity of the soil solution. Highly colored organic compounds derived from pulp-mill effluent apparently combined with inorganic N from municipal effluent to form organic N compounds. Nitrogen remained largely in the organic form and became concentrated in the groundwater with colored humic compounds. The greatest environmental hazard in the use of such blended wastewater for irrigation is the contamination of drainage water with colored, saline water containing high concentrations of organic N. The organic compounds appeared to inhibit nitrification in the groundwater.