Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Comparison Of Expectations For Health Services Between Inpatients From Mental Health Department And Endocrinology Department In China

Background Patient expectations for health services refer to the anticipation or the belief about what should be encountered in the healthcare system. Understanding patient expectations can improve patient satisfaction and healthcare compliance. It is particularly important for patients with mental disorders, as greater healthcare compliance is required for them due to the chronic and relapsing nature of their diseases. However, little is known about expectations among Chinese patients with mental disorders. Objective To examine expectations for healthcare among patients with mental disorders and to compare them with those of patients with chronic physical diseases. Patients and methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted among two inpatient groups, consecutively recruited from the Mental Health Department (MHD) and Endocrinology Department (ED) in one tertiary general hospital in Changsha, China. Patient expectations were measured by eight translated and modified vignettes of health system responsiveness. Group differences were compared using Chi-square tests for socio-demographic and clinical characteristics and Z-test for expectation rating. Logistic regression was performed to test whether group differences of expectations remained statistically significant after controlling for socio-demographic and clinical variables. Results Most patients from MHD rated scenarios in vignettes on communication, choice of provider, autonomy, and social support as “meeting expectations”, and rated scenarios in vignettes on prompt attention, dignity, confidentiality, and quality of basic amenities as “below expectations”. In comparison, patients from MHD had similar expectations with their counterparts from ED, for prompt attention, dignity, confidentiality, communication, choice of provider, and social support; however, patients from MHD had significantly lower expectations in quality of basic amenities and higher expectations in autonomy, after adjusting for socio-demographic and clinical factors. Conclusion Like their counterparts with physical diseases, patients with mental disorders also expect prompt attention, dignity, confidentiality, communication, choice of provider, and social support in their interaction with the healthcare system. Moreover, extra attention to autonomy is needed for patients with mental disorders to meet their expectations and improve patient satisfaction.
Correlates of Canada Lynx Reproductive Success in Northwestern Montana

Habitat loss and fragmentation continue to threaten the persistence of forest carnivores in the contiguous US. The recovery of federally threatened species, such as the Canada lynx (Lynx canadensis), will be greatly enhanced by identifying a demographic-based definition of lynx habitat based on habitat analyses of animals with differential reproductive success. We collected field data on denning and offspring survival in northwestern Montana from 1998–2012. We used these data to define four response variables as measures of female Canada lynx reproductive success: (1) potential reproductive events, (2) initial litter size, (3) litter success (≥1 survivor), and (4) surviving litter size. We used mixed models to evaluate the effects of habitat and maternal condition on these response variables. Specifically, we tested a-priori hypotheses of relationships between reproductive success parameters and various habitat covariates representing the abundance and spatial configuration of five simplified forest structure types within occupied female lynx home ranges. Additional a-priori hypotheses were tested on the relationships between reproductive success parameters and maternal covariates, including female body condition, age, and previous reproductive performance. The most important predictors for overall lynx reproductive success within occupied female home ranges were the connectivity of mature forest, intermediate (10–15%) amounts of young regenerating forest, young regenerating forest patches with low perimeter-area ratios, and the adjacency of mature forest to young regenerating forest types. Female lynx home ranges that contain greater than 50% mature forest and approximately 10–15% young regenerating forest appear to be the optimal composition of forest structure types. Additionally, greater connectivity of mature forest, when combined with young regenerating forest patches with low perimeter-area ratios, appears to be the optimal configuration of forest structure types. Incorporating these results into current and long-term land management plans will provide a valuable conservation tool to ensure the persistence of threatened Canada lynx populations in the western US.
BOISE STATE UNIVERSITY GRADUATE COLLEGE DEFENSE COMMITTEE AND FINAL READING APPROVALS

vi LIST OF TABLES . xi LIST OF FIGURES . xii LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS. xiii CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION . 1 Alzheimer’s Disease . 1 ApoE4 Structure and Function . 1 Zebrafish as a Model for Alzheimer’s Disease . 4 Hypothesis . 5 Tables . 7 CHAPTER TWO: MORPHOLOGICAL EFFECTS . 8 Overview . 8 Materials and Methods . 9 Synthesis of nApoE1-151 fragments . 9 Zebrafish Embryo Care and Maintenance . 9 Treatment of Embryos with exogenous ApoE1-151 fragments . 10 Live Imaging (Light Microscope) . 10
Molecular mechanism of dynein recruitment to kinetochores by the Rod–Zw10–Zwilch complex and Spindly

chromosome The motor dynein concentrates at the kinetochore region of mitotic chromosomes in animals to accelerate spindle microtubule capture and to control spindle checkpoint signaling. In this study, we describe the molecular mechanism used by the Rod–Zw10–Zwilch complex and the adaptor Spindly to recruit dynein to kinetochores in Caenorhabditis elegans embryos and human cells. We show that Rod’s N-terminal β -propeller and the associated Zwilch subunit bind Spindly’s C-terminal domain, and we identify a specific Zwilch mutant that abrogates Spindly and dynein recruitment in vivo and Spindly binding to a Rod β -propeller–Zwilch complex in vitro. Spindly’s N-terminal coiled-coil uses distinct motifs to bind dynein light intermediate chain and the pointed-end complex of dynactin. Mutations in these motifs inhibit assembly of a dynein–dynactin–Spindly complex, and a null mutant of the dynactin pointed-end subunit p27 prevents kinetochore recruitment of dynein–dynactin without affecting other mitotic functions of the motor. Conservation of Spindly-like motifs in adaptors involved in intracellular transport suggests a common mechanism for linking dynein to cargo.
An integrated framework to identify wildlife populations under threat from 1 climate change 2

1 Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Life Sciences Building, Highfield Campus, 5 Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK 6 2 School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Life Sciences Building, Tyndall 7 Avenue, Bristol, BS8 1TQ, UK 8 3 Biological & Environmental Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, FK9 4LA, Scotland, 9 UK 10 4 Institute of Aquaculture, University of Stirling, Stirling, Scotland, FK9 4LA, UK 11 5 EPHE, PSL Research University, CNRS, UM, SupAgro, IND, INRA, UMR 5175 CEFE, F12 34293 Montpellier, FRANCE 13 6 Estacion Biológica de Doñana (CSIC), Avda. Americo Vespucio s/n, Seville 41092, Spain 14 7 Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos da Universidade 15 do Porto (CIBIO/UP), Campus Agrário de Vairão, 4485-661 Vairão, Portugal 16 8 Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Øster Voldgade 5-7, 1350 17 Copenhagen K, Denmark 18
Fracture resistance of roots enlarged with various rotary systems and filled with various sealers

Background. This in vitro study compared the fracture resistance of roots instrumented either with ProTaper or One Shape rotary systems and filled with one of the silicate, epoxy resin or silicone-based sealers. Methods. Sixty single-rooted extracted mandibular premolars were decoronated to a length of 13 mm and then randomly divided into two main groups (n=30) in terms of the rotary system used for preparation. Group 1 samples were instrumented with the ProTaper Universal system up to a master apical file of #F2, while samples in group 2 were enlarged with One Shape system. The two main groups were then divided into 3 subgroups in terms of the sealer used (n=10) and filled with guttapercha (either F2 or MM-GP points) of the rotary system used and one of the sealers as follows: group 1, BioRoot RCS + ProTaper F2 gutta-percha; group 2, AH Plus + ProTaper F2 gutta-percha; group 3, GuttaFlow + ProTaper F2 gutta-percha; group 4, BioRoot RCS+ MM-GP points; group 5, AH Plus + MM-GP points; and group 6, GuttaFlow + MM-GP points. Each specimen then underwent fracture testing by using a universal testing machine at a crosshead speed of 1.0 mm/min until the root fractured. Data were statistically analyzed. Results. Two-way ANOVA showed no significant differences between the groups. One Shape instruments showed significantly better fracture resistance compared to ProTaper instruments. Statistically, no significant difference was found between AHPlus, GuttaFlow and BioRoot RCS sealers. Conclusion. It can be concluded that the rotary system used for the instrumentation of teeth has some influence on the fracture resistance, while the root canal sealers do not have such an effect.
in vitro inhibitory activities of magnolol against Candida spp.

: Candida spp. cause various infections involving the skin, mucosa, deep tissues, and even life-threatening candidemia. They are regarded as an important pathogen of nosocomial bloodstream infection, with a high mortality rate. As a result of prolonged exposure to azoles, the therapeutic failure associated with azoles resistance has become a serious challenge in clinical situations. Therefore, novel, alternative antifungals are required urgently. In the present study, the CLSI M-27A broth microdilution method and the 2,3-Bis-(2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium-5-carboxanilide (XTT) reduction assay were used to evaluate the antifungal effects of magnolol against various standard Candida strains in planktonic mode and biofilm formation, respectively. The antifungal activity of magnolol was demonstrated in planktonic C. albicans and non-albicans Candida species, especially fluconazole-resistant Candida krusei , with the minimum inhibitory concentrations ranging from 10 to 40 μ g/mL. The BMIC 90 (minimum concentration with 90% Candida biofilm inhibited) values of magnolol ranged from 20 to 160 μ g/mL, whereas the BMIC 90 values of fluconazole were more than 128 μ g/mL. As an alternative and broad-spectrum antifungal agent, magnolol might be of benefit to the treatment of refractory Candida infection.
RE-CLASSIFICATION OF AGRO-ECOLOGICAL REGIONS OF ZIMBABWE IN CONFORMITY WITH CLIMATE VARIABILITY AND CHANGE

Zimbabwe was divided into five agro-ecological regions in the 1960s, however, the increased variability of rainfall has possibly affected the agro-ecological region boundaries. This study re-classifies the agro-ecological regions (natural regions) of Zimbabwe using soil data, mean-annual rainfall and length of growing season. Rainfall data from selected meteorological stations covered the period 1972- 2006. Soil data were obtained from the soil map of Zimbabwe, while length of growing seasons data were obtained from the FAO New Local Climate database. The simple limitation approach was used to produce a suitability zone map using all the parameters with the same weighting. The results show that the number of regions remained the same although the size of the regions had changed. The findings from this study point to an increase in the size of Natural Regions (NRs) I, IV and V by 106, 5.6 and 22.5 %, respectively. Natural Regions II and III decreased by 49 and 13.9%, respectively. The shrinking of Natural Regions II and III which are the main food producing areas in Zimbabwe, point to possible reduction in food production and thus problems of food insecurity. The shifting of the NRs boundaries observed in this study strongly points to evidence of climate variability and change.
Comparative Effectiveness Of Fluoroquinolone Antibiotic Use In Uncomplicated Acute Exacerbations Of COPD: A Multi-Cohort Study

in uncomplicated patients with COPD. Patients and characteristics: We carried out a retrospective cohort study using health care databases from six Canadian provinces in subjects visiting their physician for uncomplicated COPD. Subjects dispensed either a quinolone or other antibiotics were compared using inverse probability of treatment weights with high dimensional propensity scores on 30-day outcomes, including repeat visits, hospitalisation for AECOPD and subsequent antibiotic prescription. Results from each province were combined by random effects meta-analysis. Results: We identi ﬁ ed 286,866 AECOPD events among 203,642 unique individuals. The frequency of ﬂ uoroquinolone use, mostly levo ﬂ oxacin and moxi ﬂ oxacin, varied by province and ranged from 8% to 32% of AECOPD antibiotic prescriptions. The risk of a repeat ambulatory care visit was increased among patients who were dispensed a ﬂ uoroquinolone compared with other antibiotics (OR 1.32, 95% CI 1.27 – 1.36). The risk of a hospitalisation for AECOPD was also higher with ﬂ uoroquinolones (OR 1.52, 95% CI 1.33 – 1.74). There was no difference in subsequent antibiotic prescriptions (OR 1.00, 95% CI 0.94 – 1.07). Conclusion: There is no apparent bene ﬁ t in short-term outcomes with ﬂ uoroquinolones as compared to other antibiotics for the ambulatory treatment of AECOPD in uncomplicated patients. These ﬁ ndings support current recommendations that ﬂ uoroquinolones be reserved for AECOPD in patients with recurrent exacerbations, signi ﬁ cant co-morbidity or requiring hospitalisation.
The Role of Prognostic Factors in Salivary Gland Tumors Treated by Surgery and Adjuvant Radio-or Chemoradiotherapy – A Single Institution Experience

Purpose: Salivary gland neoplasms are rare cancers of the head and neck region. Radical treatment in tumors of large salivary glands is surgery. Adjuvant treatment depends on the presence of risk factors that worsen the prognosis, but the role of these factors in patients treated by surgery with radio- or radiochemotherapy still remains unclear. The aim of the study is assessment of treatment results and identi ﬁ cation of the risk factors affecting the prognosis in patients with tumors of large salivary glands subjected to adjuvant radio- or radiochemotherapy. Patients and Methods: The study included 126 patients with local stage large salivary gland cancer who were treated surgically with adjuvant radio- or radiochemotherapy. The study excluded inoperable patients, patients with distant metastases, patients in a poor general condition and patients with contraindications to adjuvant treatment. They were treated between 2006 and 2016 and evaluated in terms of OS (overall survival), CSS (cancer-speci ﬁ c survival), RFS (relapse-free survival) and LRFS (local relapse-free survival). Results: During a 44-month follow-up, 5-OS, CSS, RFS and LRFS were 55%, 68%, 60% and 73%, respectively. Multivariate analysis showed that OS was in ﬂ uenced by the following parameters: WHO performance status, TNM stage (T and N parameters), radicality of surgery, histopathological type, applied method of radiotherapy planning and tumor volume. WHO performance status, T and N parameters of the TNM stage and large volume of elective area in ﬂ uenced CSS, and the T parameter of the TNM stage, the dose below 60Gy and tumor volume in ﬂ uenced RFS and LRFS. Chemoradiotherapy can be used in N-positive patients. Conclusion: The analysis indicates that the TNM grade, histopathological type, patient ’ s condition, radicality of the procedure, technique and dose of radiotherapy are the most important prognostic factors in these patients.
Glucolipotoxicity: Fuel Excess and (cid:1) -Cell Dysfunction

Glucotoxicity, lipotoxicity, and glucolipotoxicity are second- ary phenomena that are proposed to play a role in all forms of type 2 diabetes. The underlying concept is that once the pri- mary pathogenesis of diabetes is established, probably involving both genetic and environmental forces, hyperglycemia and very commonly hyperlipidemia ensue and thereafter exert additional damaging or toxic effects on the (cid:1) -cell. In ad- dition to their contribution to the deterioration of (cid:1) -cell function after the onset of the disease, elevations of plasma fatty acid levels that often accompany insulin resistance may, as glucose levels begin to rise outside of the normal range, also play a pathogenic role in the early stages of the disease. Because hyperglycemia is a prerequisite for lipotoxicity to occur, the term glucolipotoxicity, rather than lipotoxicity, is more appropriate to describe deleterious effects of lipids on (cid:1) -cell function. In vitro and in vivo evidence supporting the concept of glucotoxicity is presented first, as well as a de-scription of the underlying mechanisms with an emphasis on the role of oxidative stress. Second, we discuss the functional manifestations of glucolipotoxicity on insulin secretion, in- sulin gene expression, and (cid:1) -cell death, and the role of glucose in the mechanisms of glucolipotoxicity. Finally, we attempt to define the role of these phenomena in the natural history of (cid:1) Transport of LC-CoA in the mitochondria is reduced, and the esterification pathway is activated, leading to cytosolic accumulation of lipid-derived signaling molecules such as ceramide, diglycerides (DG), phosphatidic acid (PA), phospholipids (PL), and triglycerides (TG).
Adolescents’ and their parents’ experiences of using a closed-loop system to manage type 1 diabetes in everyday life: qualitative study

Objectives Type 1 diabetes can have life-shattering consequences for adolescents and parents. A closed-loop system is a cutting-edge technology which automatically regulates glucose to reduce the burden of diabetes management. We explored adolescents’ and parents’ experiences of using this technology to understand how it affects their biographies and everyday lives. Methods In-depth interviews with 18 adolescents newly diagnosed with type 1 diabetes and 21 parents after ≥12 months experience using closed-loop technology. Data were analysed thematically. Results Participants reported very few disruptions to their lives when using a closed-loop. Reports of family conflict were minimal as the closed-loop enabled dietary flexibility and glucose levels to be checked effortlessly. Adolescents described doing ‘normal’ activities without worrying about high/low glucose, and parents reported allowing them to do so unsupervised because the closed-loop would regulate their glucose and keep them safe. Some adolescents expressed concerns about the visibility of components and, to avoid stigma, described curtailing activities such as swimming. Participants described how the closed-loop enabled adolescents to be in control of, or create distance from, diabetes. Discussion The closed-loop has life-enhancing consequences for both adolescents and parents and helps to reduce the biographical disruption of type 1 diabetes in this age group.
Five‐Year Change in the Renal Function After Catheter Ablation of Atrial Fibrillation

Background Although it has been reported that renal function can improve after catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation (AF), long‐term changes in renal function and its relationship to rhythm outcomes have not yet been evaluated. We explored the 5‐year change in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) in AF patients depending on medical therapy and catheter ablation. Methods and Results Among 1963 patients who underwent AF catheter ablation and 14 056 with AF under medical therapy in the National Health Insurance Service database, we compared 571 with AF catheter ablation (59±10 years old, 72.3% male, and 66.5% paroxysmal AF) and 1713 with medical therapy after 1:3 propensity‐score matching. All participants had 5 years of serial eGFR data (Chronic Kidney Disease‐Epidemiology Collaboration [CKD‐EPI] method). Catheter ablation improved eGFR 5 yrs (P<0.001), but medical therapy did not. In 2284 matched patients, age (adjusted odds ratio [OR], 0.98 [0.97–0.99]; P<0.001) and AF catheter ablation (adjusted OR, 2.02 [1.67–2.46]; P<0.001) were independently associated with an improved eGFR 5 yrs. Among 571 patients who underwent AF ablation, freedom from AF/atrial tachycardia recurrence after the last AF ablation procedure was independently associated with an improved eGFR 5 yrs (adjusted OR, 1.44 [1.01–2.04]; P=0.043), especially in patients without diabetes mellitus (adjusted OR, 1.78 [1.21–2.63]; P=0.003, P for interaction=0.012). Although underlying renal dysfunction (<60 mL/min/1.73m2) was associated with atrial structural remodeling (adjusted OR, 1.05 [1.00–1.11]; P=0.046), it did not affect the AF ablation rhythm outcome. Conclusions AF catheter ablation significantly improved renal function over a 5‐year follow‐up, especially in patients maintaining sinus rhythm without preexisting diabetes mellitus.
Physical activity and cardiovascular risk factors in a developing population.

PURPOSE Noncommunicable diseases are emerging in developing countries. However, few studies have been conducted in those countries to evaluate the role of physical activity in the development of cardiovascular diseases. This study investigated physical activity and its relationship to risk factors for cardiovascular disease in a large population (N = 799) of civil servants from Benin City, Nigeria. METHODS Physical activity levels were estimated by an interviewer-administered questionnaire, which determined the average hours per week over the past year spent in occupational and leisure activities. Time spent walking or biking to work was assessed as well. Other major measures included body mass index (BMI), waist-hip ratio (WHR), blood pressures, plasma insulin level, lipid profiles, and diet. RESULTS More of the physical activity was attributed to occupational than to leisure activities. Compared with women, men had a higher activity level. No significant trend was observed across age groups. Male senior staff (a marker of higher socioeconomic status) had a lower physical activity level than male junior staff. Physical activity, especially time walking or biking to work, was inversely correlated with weight, BMI, WHR, blood pressures, insulin, total cholesterol, LDL and HDL cholesterol, and triglycerides in men, while such correlations were not consistent in women. In multivariate analysis in men, blood pressure and insulin were independently associated with BMI but not with walking, while an independent inverse association was seen between walking and BMI. CONCLUSION Lack of physical activity was associated with adverse risk profiles for cardiovascular disease in this developing population.