Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The predictive performance of artificial intelligence on the outcome of stroke: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Objectives This study aimed to assess the accuracy of artificial intelligence (AI) models in predicting the prognosis of stroke. Methods We searched PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science databases to identify studies using AI for acute stroke prognosis prediction from the database inception to February 2023. Selected studies were designed cohorts and had complete data. We used the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies tool to assess the qualities and bias of included studies and used a random-effects model to summarize and analyze the data. We used the area under curve (AUC) as an indicator of the predictive accuracy of AI models. Results We retrieved a total of 1,241 publications and finally included seven studies. There was a low risk of bias and no significant heterogeneity in the final seven studies. The total pooled AUC under the fixed-effects model was 0.872 with a 95% CI of (0.862–0.881). The DL subgroup showed its AUC of 0.888 (95%CI 0.872–0.904). The LR subgroup showed its AUC 0.852 (95%CI 0.835–0.869). The RF subgroup showed its AUC 0.863 (95%CI 0.845–0.882). The SVM subgroup showed its AUC 0.905 (95%CI 0.857–0.952). The Xgboost subgroup showed its AUC 0.905 (95%CI 0.805–1.000). Conclusion The accuracy of AI models in predicting the outcomes of ischemic stroke is good from our study. It could be an assisting tool for physicians in judging the outcomes of stroke patients. With the update of AI algorithms and the use of big data, further AI predictive models will perform better.
Chemical composition, pharmacology and pharmacokinetic studies of GuHong injection in the treatment of ischemic stroke

GuHong injection is composed of safflower and N-acetyl-L-glutamine. It is widely used in clinical for cerebrovascular diseases, such as ischemic stroke and related diseases. The objective of this review is to comprehensively summarize the most recent information related to GuHong in the treatment of stroke, including chemical composition, clinical studies, potential pharmacological mechanisms and pharmacokinetics. Additionally, it examines possible scientific gaps in current study and aims to provide a reliable reference for future GuHong studies. The systematic review reveals that the chemical composition of safflower in GuHong is more than 300 chemical components in five categories. GuHong injection is primarily used in clinical applications for acute ischemic stroke and related diseases. Pharmacological investigations have indicated that GuHong acts in the early and recovery stages of ischemic stroke by anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative stress, anti-coagulation, neuroprotective and anti-apoptotic mechanisms simultaneously. Pharmacokinetic studies found that the main exposed substances in rat plasma after GuHong administration are hydroxysafflor yellow A and N-acetyl-L-glutamine, and N-acetyl-L-glutamine could exert its pharmacological effect across the blood-brain barrier. As a combination of Chinese herb and chemical drug, GuHong injection has great value in drug research and clinical treatment, especially for ischemic stroke disease. This article represents a comprehensive and systematic review of existing studies on GuHong injection, including chemical composition, pharmacological mechanism, and pharmacokinetics, which provides reference significance for the clinical treatment of ischemic stroke with GuHong, as well as provides guidance for further study.
Novel Dropout Compensation Control Design for Networked Control Systems With Mixed Delays

This study is to focus on the problem of finite-time control design for a class of networked control systems (NCSs) with mixed delays. First, a novel hybrid dropout compensation control method is proposed to reasonably use available system feedback information, which can actively compensate for data packet dropouts in two communication channels. Second, an improved augmented switched system model is constructed based on the mixed delays and the hybrid parameter. Then, the gain matrices that vary with the data packet dropout are formulated to ensure stochastic finite-time stability (SFTS) and improve the transient control performance of the resulting closed-loop system. The slack variables (SVs)-based algorithm is presented to reduce the computational time, and the average dwell-time switching law is determined. Finally, the obtained theoretical results are verified by a numerical example.
The Devensian Lateglacial and early Flandrian stratigraphy of Southern Snowdonia, North Wales.

The Devensian Lateglacial and early Flandrian stratigraphy of southern Snowdonia, North Wales has been examined using pollen analytical, radiocarbon dating and geomorphological mapping techniques. These techniques were used to reconstruct the effects and timing of environmental changes on the Lateglacial and early Flandrian vegetation and landscape. Detailed geomorphological mapping enabled the reconstruction of former "cwm" glaciers and snowpatches of inferred Loch Lomond (Younger Dryas) Stadial age. These former glaciers were small and extremely localised, their distribution being influenced by altitude, aspect and snowdrift A local equilibrium fim line of 600 m OD was estimated from former glaciers on Cader Idris and used to infer a mean July temperature of 8.5 ' C at sea-level during the Stadial. Pollen analyses of three mire sites located outside the former ice limits and three upland lake sites from inside the limits helped to corroborate a Loch Lomond (Younger Dryas) Stadial age for the "cwm" glaciation. Logistical problems of sampling upland lake sites were overcome by the innovative use of sub-aqua divers. An exceptionally thick sequence of Lateglacial and early Flandrian organic-rich sediments was discovered at Llyn Gweman and provided a particularly high degree of stratigraphic resolution for radiocarbon dating vegetational changes and other environmental events. Late Devensian ice was shown to have abandoned the Llyn Gwernan site before ca.13,200 BP at which time the landscape was rapidly colonised by a pioneer vegetation in which Rumex was prominent. Juniper spread into the area at ca.13,000 BP and was succeeded by the expansion of birch woodland at ca.12,100 BP. Gradual climatic deterioration was inferred from this time onward, culminating in the revertence to a tundra-like environment during the Loch Lomond (Younger Dryas) Stadial, hereby dated to between ca.11,200 BP and 10,000 BP. The climate improved at around 10,000 B? and vegetational succession progressed from herb-rich grassland, through expansion phases for juniper, willow, birch and eventually hazel at ca.9,100 B?
OCT-Angiography Findings in Children with Anisometropic Amblyopia

Purpose: The purpose of this prospective study is to show findings of OCT angiography in children with anisometropic amblyopia with a statistically significant difference, regardless of the type of refractive disorder, between the amblyopic and the fellow eye. This research aimed to establish whether there is a difference in vascular density [VD] and size of the foveal avascular zone [FAZ] in the superficial capillary plexus [SCP]. Methods: All children between 9 and 18 years of age who were treated at the Outpatient Clinic for Orthoptics and Pleoptics of the Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Centre Maribor from January 2020 to December 2022 due to unilateral anisometric amblyopia were enrolled in our study. Fourteen children met the criteria. Cirrus 5000 high-resolution OCT with AngioPlex OCT angiography was used to analyze the size of the FAZ and VD in the SCP and TCS. The paired t-test or Wilcox signed-rank test [p < 0.05] was used for statistical analysis of each parameter between the amblyopic and fellow eye. Results: Mean child age was 13 years ± 2.9 and ranged from 9 to 18 years. Most of the children [85.7%] were boys. The VD of the SCP did not show statistically significant differences between the visually impaired and control eyes [p = 0.328]. The comparison of the FAZ area between the two eyes was also not statistically significant [p < 0.808]. There was also no statistically significant difference in central macular thickness [TCS] [p < 0.291]. Conclusions: Our research results show no statistically significant differences in the VD and the FAZ of the SCP, and in the TCS between the amblyopic and fellow eye in children with unilateral anisometropic amblyopia. Our research did not confirm the results of certain previous studies in which a lower density of the capillary network was present in the visually impaired eye. Further studies with more children are necessary to confirm our results.
Characteristics of Rain-Snow Transitions Over the Canadian Rockies and their Changes in Warmer Climate Conditions

ABSTRACT The southern Canadian Rockies are prone to extreme precipitation that often leads to high streamflow, deep snowpacks, and avalanche risks. Many of these precipitation events are associated with rain–snow transitions, which are highly variable in time and space due to the complex topography. A warming climate will certainly affect these extremes and the associated rain–snow transitions. The goal of this study is to investigate the characteristics and variability of rain–snow transitions aloft and how they will change in the future. Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) simulations were conducted from 2000 to 2013 and these were repeated in a warmer pseudo-global warming (PGW) future. Rain–snow transitions occurred aloft throughout the year over the southern Canadian Rockies, but their elevations and depths were highly variable, especially across the continental divide. In PGW conditions, with future air temperatures up to 4–5°C higher on average over the Canadian Rockies, rain–snow transitions are projected to occur more often throughout the year, except during summer. The near-0°C conditions associated with rain–snow transitions are expected to increase in elevation by more than 500 m, resulting in more rain reaching the surface. Overall, this study illustrates the variability of rain–snow transitions, which often impact the location of the snowline. This study also demonstrates the non-uniform changes under PGW conditions, due in part to differences in the types of weather patterns that generate rain–snow transitions across the region.
Determinants of Repurchase Size: Evidence from the UK

The paper focuses on the factors that determine the size of an open market share repurchase in the UK. The testing covers the time period 1985–2014 and tests if the traditional motives for repurchasing shares also determine the size of the repurchase. The testing also checks if the influences of these determinants are non-linear, U-shaped or inverted U-shaped, which, to the best of our knowledge, is also a novel empirical approach. The consideration of non-linear influences on repurchase size is relevant due to the overlapping of repurchase determinants. For instance, if the distribution of excess cash is the motive for undertaking the repurchase and not replacing dividend distribution, then the influence of dividend distribution on repurchase size may conflict with the traditional expectation of repurchases being used as dividend replacements. The testing finds that the motive of using repurchases for signalling stock undervaluation has the most consistent influence on repurchase size, followed by the motives of adjusting the reported EPS when earnings are negative and for distributing surplus cash. The motive for using repurchases to adjust the capital structure to increase the debt exposure has a U-shaped influence on repurchase size, while board independence has an inverted U-shaped influence. Overall, when compared to the current literature, this paper is able to demonstrate that there is a strong consistency between the motives that lead to repurchases in the UK, and the determinants of repurchase size.
Mixed viral infection constrains the genome formula of multipartite cucumber mosaic virus

Many plant viruses have a multipartite organization, with multiple genome segments packaged into separate virus particles. The genome formula describes the relative frequencies of all viral genome segments, and previous work suggests rapid changes in these frequencies facilitate virus adaptation. Many studies have reported mixed viral infections in plants, often resulting in strong virus–virus interactions. Here, we tested whether mixed infections with tripartite alfalfa mosaic virus (AMV) and monopartite potato virus Y (PVY) affected the genome formula of the tripartite cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), our experimental model. We found that the CMV titer was reduced in mixed infections with its tripartite Bromoviridae relative AMV and in triple infections with both AMV and PVY, indicating notable virus–virus interactions. The variability of the CMV genome formula was significantly lower in mixed infections (CMV and AMV, CMV and PVY, and CMV and AMV and PVY) than in single infections (CMV only). These observations led to the surprising conclusion that mixed infections with two distinct viruses constrain the CMV genome formula. It remains unclear how common these effects are for different combinations of virus species and strains and what the underlying mechanisms are. We, therefore, extended a simulation model to consider three putative scenarios in which a second virus affected the genome formula. The simulation results also suggested that shifts in the genome formula occur, but may not be widespread due to the required conditions. One scenario modeled—co-infection exclusion through niche differentiation—was congruent with the experimental data, as this scenario led to reductions in genome formula variability and titer of the multipartite virus. Whereas previous studies highlighted host–species effects, our results indicate that the genome formula is also affected by mixed infections, suggesting that there is a broader set of environmental cues that affect the genome formula.
Exploring the Relationship Between Stress and Satisfaction During Clinical Training Among Respiratory Therapy Students: A Nationwide Cross-Sectional Survey

Background Although clinical training is an important component of healthcare education, it is nevertheless a significant source of stress for students. There is limited information on stress and satisfaction perceived by clinical-level undergraduate students studying respiratory therapy (RT) in Saudi Arabia. Methods A descriptive, cross-sectional study design with an online questionnaire was employed to conduct this study. Data collection occurred during the academic year 2022–2023 among RT students throughout Saudi Arabia. Patricians responded to demographic questions, the Students Stress Scale and Students Professional Satisfaction questionnaires. Descriptive, inferential, and correlational statistics were used to analyze the collected responses. Results A total of 1001 undergraduate RT students completed the online survey. RT students and interns had an overall moderate to high stress level (mean (SD); 3.55 (0.49)), while satisfaction was perceived as mild to moderate (mean (SD): 2.56 (0.65)). In addition, 38% of the study participants have considered quitting the RT program. Female students showed higher stress levels in the following domains: inadequate knowledge and training, adverse and embarrassing experiences, clinical supervision, patients’ pain, and Education–reality conflict (p<0.005) compared to male students. Additionally, students who considered quitting the RT program revealed higher stress levels in all domains (p<0.005). There were negative correlations between satisfaction and stress domains: inadequate knowledge and training (r = −0.32; p = 0.001), adverse and embarrassing experience (r = −0.31; p = 0.025), close supervision (r = −0.24; p = 0.001), insufficient hospital resources (r = −0.30; p 0.002), patients’ pain and suffering (r = 0.28; p = 0.04), and education – reality conflict (r = −0.30; p = 0.001). Conclusion During clinical training, respiratory therapy students experience moderate to high-stress levels and low satisfaction. There need to be tailored interventions to reduce stress and intention to quit and increase students’ clinical experience satisfaction.
Pathologic conditions associated with impacted third molars: A retrospective study of panoramic radiographs in a Southern Brazilian population

Purpose This study investigated the prevalence of developmental and acquired pathologic conditions associated with impacted third molars (3Ms) in a Southern Brazilian population and evaluated whether demographic and tooth characteristics were correlated with the presence of bone or tooth lesions. Materials and Methods Panoramic radiographs were assessed for developmental (bone-related) or acquired (tooth-related) pathoses associated with impacted upper or lower 3Ms. Data on tooth positioning, tooth development, and patient demographics were collected. A trained, calibrated postgraduate student evaluated all images. Binary and multivariate logistic regression models were used to assess associations between outcomes and the demographic and radiographic variables. The threshold for statistical significance was set at 5% (P<0.05). Results The sample comprised panoramic radiographs from 2054 patients, predominantly female (59.2%), with a mean age of 27.2 ± 11.5 years. Overall, 4066 impacted 3Ms were evaluated, revealing 471 (11.6%) developmental and 710 (17.5%) acquired pathoses. Among the developmental pathoses, 460 (95.2%) were indicative of dentigerous cysts. Male sex, lower 3M location, vertical or distoangular positioning, and incomplete root formation were associated with an elevated likelihood of developmental pathology. Lower tooth position, complete root formation, and partial eruption were linked to an increased probability of an acquired pathology in the third or second molar. Conclusion The prevalence of pathologic conditions associated with impacted 3Ms was low. Male sex, lower 3M placement, horizontal or distoangular positioning, and incomplete root formation were associated with developmental pathoses, while lower tooth position, complete root formation, and partial eruption were related to acquired pathoses.
The I-frame vs. S-frame: how neoliberalism has led behavioral sciences astray

In their recently published paper, Chater and Loewenstein critically elaborate on the differences between interventions that focus on individual behavior (‘i-frame’), as opposed to the systems in which health behavior occurs (‘s-frame’). They point out that behavioral scientists frequently rely on individual-level interventions, rather than systemic change to improve population health. As individual-level interventions have fallen short of the author’s expectations to fix health problems, the authors argue that behavioral scientists should focus more on system-level change. They warn behavioral scientists that by framing disease as an individual problem they hinder real change. We agree with the arguments made by the authors; nevertheless, we propose that bringing underlying causes for the i-frame focus to light would advance their argument. In our commentary, we discuss that neoliberalism might be a reason for the focus on individual interventions in behavioral health sciences.
Análisis de la estructura alpina de la corteza del centro de la Península Ibérica: Una sección Magneto-Telúrica a través del Sistema Central (Sierra de Gredos)

We present a magnetotelluric profile across the Duero basin, the Central System and the Madrid basin, acquired in the framework of the TOPO-IBERIA project. The MT profile consists of 24 magnetotelluric sites over a 200 km, NS oriented profile. Five components were measured with periods ranging from 0.001 s to 500s. The dimensional analysis reveals a dominant E-W direction and 2D joint inversion of apparent resistivity, phases and tipper was carried out. The inverse resistivity model obtained has been compared with other geological and geophysical data, and it shows a resistive and homogeneous crust that extends towards the Duero basin. The main conductive anomalies are elongated and inclined bodies that are related with the main big–scale Alpine thrusts. Other superficial conductive bodies are related with the tertiary sedimentary basins. [RESUMEN]Este trabajo muestra un nuevo perfil magnetotelurico (MT) a traves del la cuenca del Duero, el Sistema central y la Cuenca de Madrid, adquirido dentro del proyecto TopoIberia. El Perfil MT consiste en 24 sondeos a lo largo de 200 km con una orientacion NS. En cada sondeo se han medido cinco componentes con periodos de 0.001 a 500 s. El analisis dimensional revela una direccion dominante E-O y se ha realizado una inversion conjunta en 2D de las resistividades aparentes, fases y tipper. El modelo de resistividades obtenido ha sido comparado con otros datos geologicos y geofisicos, y muestra una estructura cortical homogenea y resistiva que se prolonga hacia la cuenca del Duero. En esta corteza aparecen cuerpos conductores inclinados y alargados en profundidad asociados a grandes cabalgamientos alpinos. Otros cuerpos conductores superficiales estan claramente relacionados con las cuencas sedimentarias terciarias
Serial dependencies between form orientation and motion direction are asymmetric

Much work has been done to uncover the mechanisms underlying form and motion information integration. However, no study examined the symmetry of the integration of form and motion across the temporal domain (i.e., serial dependence). In Experiment 1, we presented form and motion displays sequentially. In the form displays, dot pairs were oriented toward one screen position, indicating the form orientation; in the motion displays, dots moved radially outward. Their motion trajectories were oriented toward one screen position, indicating the motion direction. In each trial, participants reported their perceived form orientation after the form display or their perceived motion direction after the motion display. We found that the current trial’s perceived motion direction was biased toward the previous trial’s form orientation and vice versa, indicating serial dependencies between form orientation and motion direction. In Experiment 2, we changed the form and motion displays’ reliability by varying the two displays’ dot densities. The results showed that the serial dependence of form orientation on motion direction perception decreased only with increasing the current motion display’s reliability; neither the reliability of the previous motion display nor that of the current form display significantly affected the serial dependence of motion direction on form orientation perception. Hence, serial dependencies between form orientation and motion direction were asymmetric. Our across-temporal integrations between form and motion, together with the simultaneous integration of form and motion revealed in the previous studies, depict a comprehensive mechanism underlying the integration of the two pieces of information.
One cultural route span the millenary: Chinese Tea Road

In the process of Chinese ancient civilization, The Tea Road is the most famous and important road as the cultural route that communicated extensively with other countries in the world, which still affects people’s life style and behavior yet. The paper shows the great international channel from Yangloudong Town to Mongolia and Russia of tea trade by describing the tea-horse trade from Yangloudong to Shanxi Merchants and Russian merchants, and puts forward the content, object, meaning and strategy of the protection.