Allopathic effects of Hoary Cress tissues aqueous extract on growth of barley seedlings

This study was conducted to evaluation of allopathic effects of Hoary Cress tissues aqueous extract on growth of barley seedlings in split plot experiment in CRD design with 3 replications. Main plot included root, stem, leaf and flower extract and sub plot included extract concentration (0, 2, 4 and 8%) of Hoary Cress. After one week, some properties evaluated such as radicle and plumule length, radicle and plumule fresh weight, radicle and plumule dry weight.Data analysis was done using SAS software and mean comparison was done by Duncan test at the 5% level. Studied traits reduced by the increase of extract concentration, flower extract specially. So, application of 8% aqueous extract had highest significant effects on growth traits of barley seedling. © 2017 Elixir All rights reserved. Elixir Agriculture 108 (2017) 47673-47675 Agriculture Available online at www.elixirpublishers. com (Elixir International Journal) Mohammad Hasan Baniasadi / Elixir Agriculture 108 (2017) 47673-47675 47674 Application of 2, 4 and 8% extract led to 28, 82 and 98% reduction in fresh plumule weight in compared to control (water). In relation to factor interaction, it was founded that highest (1193.33 mg) and lowest (0 mg) means obtained by stem extraction with 2% concentration and 8%concentration of stem, flower and leaf textures, respectively. Agarwal et al. (2002), Stavrianakou et al. (2004), and Dongre and Yadav (2005) also reported inhibition in the length of plumule and radicle, a reduction in their dry weights and total seedling weight in wheat, pea and lentil with water extracts of various weeds. Also, dry radicle weight was reduced by increasing of concentration, so application of 2, 4 and 8% extract led to 51, 85 and 91% reduction in dry radicle weight in compared to control (water). According to results, root, flower and leaf extraction at 8% concentration showed lowest means (0mg) and highest means (50 mg) was obtained by no extract. Other authors have also reported changes in mitotic indices in the presence of allelopathic substances (Pires et al. 2001; Iganci et al. 2006). Application of 2, 4 and 8% extract led to 32, 84 and 98% reduction in dry plumule weight in compared to control (water). Stem, flower and leaf extraction at 8% concentration showed lowest means (0mg) and highest means (83.3 mg) was obtained by no extract. Similar results were observed by Rehman et al. (1991) when wheat was grown with water extracts of roots, shoots, and leaves of Sisymbrium irio. These results are also similar to the findings of Channappagoudar et al. (2005). They reported that extracts of Cyperus rotundus and Commelina benghalensis had an inhibitory effect on the germination, seedling length, and seedling vigor index of wheat, sorghum, green gram, and soybean. Application of 2, 4 and 8% extract led to 41, 83 and 98% reduction in radicle length in compared to control (water). Flower and leaf extraction at 8% concentration showed lowest means (0mg) and highest means (13.31 mg) was obtained by no extract. Aliotta et al. (2004) demonstrated that the expansion of root cells was reduced in the presence of different concentrations of parts of Olea europea and this reduction resulted in thickening of the root tip in comparison to the control. According to Al-Wakeel et al. (2007), inhibition of cell elongation can be related to the direct action of allelochemicals, by interfering in the process of cell division and thus altering the balance of the different hormones. Application of 2, 4 and 8% extract led to 39, 85 and 99% reduction in plumule length in compared to control (water). Stem, flower and leaf extraction at 8% concentration showed lowest means (0mg) and highest means (8.9 mg) was obtained by no extract. Authors demonstrated that this happened because of changes in the mitochondrial metabolism, thus altering various other physiological and metabolic processes associated with growth and development of the plants (Abrahim et al. 2000). Other studies have also identified stimulated plant growth in the presence of extracts. Extracts of Euphorbia serpens stimulated growth of the aerial parts and roots of Lactuca sativa (Dana & Domingo 2006), and leaf extracts of Phytolacca americana stimulated growth of the aerial parts and roots of Cassia mimosoides (Kim et al. 2005). Totally, according to result, studied traits reduced by the increase of extract concentration, flower extract specially. So, application of 8% aqueous extract had highest significant effects on growth traits of barley seedling. References 1. Abrahim, D. , Braguini, W. L. , Kelmer-Bracht, A. M. & Ishii-Iwamoto, E. L. 2000. Effects of four monoterpenes on germination, primary root growth, and mitochondrial respiration of maize. Journal of Chemical Ecology 26: 611624. 2. Agarwal AR, Gahlot A, Verma R, Rao PB (2002) Effect of weed extracts on seedling growth of some varieties of wheat. J Environ Biol 23: 19-23. Table 1. Mean of squares for studied traits in responses to experiment treatments. S.O. V D.F Fresh radicle weight Fresh plumule