Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Comparison of Double Poling Physiology and Kinematics Between Long-Distance and All-Round Cross-Country Skiers

Purpose The objective of this study was to compare physiological and kinematic responses to double poling (DP) between long-distance (LDS) and all-round (ARS) cross-country skiers. Methods A number of five world-class LDS (28.8 ± 5.1 years, maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max): 70.4 ± 2.9 ml·kg−1·min−1) and seven ARS (22.3 ± 2.8 years, VO2max: 69.1 ± 4.2 ml·kg−1·min−1) athletes having similar training volumes and VO2max performed three identical tests; (1) submaximal and incremental tests to exhaustion while treadmill DP to determine gross efficiency (GE), peak oxygen uptake (DP-VO2peak), and peak speed; (2) submaximal and incremental running tests to exhaustion to determine GE, VO2max (RUN-VO2max), and peak speed; and (3) an upper-body pull-down exercise to determine one repetition maximum (1RM) and peak power. Physiological responses were determined during both DP and running, together with the assessments of kinematic responses and electromyography (EMG) of selected muscles during DP. Results Compared to ARS, LDS reached higher peak speed (22.1 ± 1.0 vs. 20.7 ± 0.9 km·h−1, p = 0.030), DP-VO2peak (68.3 ± 2.1 vs. 65.1 ± 2.7 ml·kg−1·min−1, p = 0.050), and DP-VO2peak/RUN-VO2max ratio (97 vs. 94%, p = 0.075) during incremental DP to exhaustion, as well as higher GE (17.2 vs. 15.9%, p = 0.029) during submaximal DP. There were no significant differences in cycle length or cycle rate between the groups during submaximal DP, although LDS displayed longer relative poling times (~2.4% points) at most speeds compared to ARS (p = 0.015). However, group × speed interaction effects (p < 0.05) were found for pole angle and vertical fluctuation of body center of mass, with LDS maintaining a more upright body position and more vertical pole angles at touchdown and lift-off at faster speeds. ARS displayed slightly higher normalized EMG amplitude than LDS in the muscles rectus abdominis (p = 0.074) and biceps femoris (p = 0.027). LDS performed slightly better on 1RM upper-body strength (122 vs. 114 kg, p = 0.198), with no group differences in power in the pull-down exercise. Conclusions The combination of better DP-specific aerobic energy delivery capacity, efficiency, and technical solutions seems to contribute to the superior DP performance found among specialized LDS in comparison with ARS.
The Correlation of Prediabetes and Type 2 Diabetes With Adiposity in Adults

Background Fat metabolism is associated with prediabetes and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The aim of this study was to evaluate the detailed correlation of diabetes status with adiposity among adults. Methods Briefly, 28,429 adults aged ≥18 years from both sexes in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 1999–2018 were included in this study. Multivariable linear regression models were used to examine associations of prediabetes and diabetes status, disease duration of T2DM, serum glucose, glycohemoglobin (HbA1c) with total percent fat (TPF), and fat mass distribution. Results After adjusting for sociodemographic covariates, health behaviors, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, there were direct associations of prediabetes and T2DM status with TPF, trunk fat mass, android fat mass, gynoid fat mass and android to gynoid ratio compared with non-diabetes. But the fat mass decreased with the increase of the disease duration in patients with T2DM. Besides, when stratifying by diabetes status, we found direct associations of serum glucose and HbA1c with TPF, trunk fat mass, android fat mass, gynoid fat mass, and android to gynoid ratio in non-diabetic and prediabetic participants. But in patients with T2DM, inverse associations of serum glucose and HbA1c with fat mass were observed. Conclusions This study indicated that adults with prediabetes and T2DM had significantly higher TPF, trunk fat mass, android fat mass, gynoid fat mass, and android to gynoid ratio compared with those without diabetes. Moreover, fat mass decreased as the disease duration increased in patients with T2DM. The associations of serum glucose and HbA1c with TPF and fat mass distribution in patients with T2DM were opposite to the relationships observed in non-diabetic and prediabetic participants.
Comparison of

Purpose: In this study, we aimed to investigate the utilization of 68Ga-FAPI PET/CT in comparison to 18FDG PET/CT to evaluate the peritoneal involvement of the gastrointestinal malignancies alongside primary lesions and other metastatic foci. Procedures: A total of 37 patients with various gastrointestinal malignancies with accompanying peritoneal involvement who underwent 68Ga-FAPI PET/CT and 18FDG PET/CT imaging between September 2020 and June 2021 were included in this retrospective study. SUVmax values of 68Ga-FAPI and 18FDG were compared according to lesion locations. Also, the lesion localization ability of both imaging was compared in patient basis. Results: Of the 37 patients with peritoneal involvement (23 males and 14 females; median age, 62.8 ± 12.7 years), 35.1% (n = 13) had colorectal cancer, 37.8% (n = 14) gastric cancer, and 27.0% (n = 10) pancreaticobiliary cancer. While 45.9% of them were operated, the remaining did not have surgery. The mean time interval between two studies was 3.2 days (range: 2–6 days). The mean SUVmax value of peritoneal metastases (p < 0.001) was significantly higher with 68Ga-FAPI PET/CT compared to that with 18FDG PET/CT, as in primary lesions (p < 0.001), lymph node metastases (p = 0.006), liver metastases (p = 0.002), and bone metastases (p = 0.018). A total of 185 lesions was detected in the initial assessment with 18FDG PET/CT. Of the total lesions detected with 18FDG PET/CT, 5 of them were evaluated as benign lesions with 68Ga-FAPI PET/CT also in accordance with the reference standard. In addition to 180 lesions detected with 18FDG PET/CT, a total of 37 additional malignant lesions, 12 of which were peritoneal metastases, were detected with 68Ga-FAPI PET/CT. Conclusion: 68Ga-FAPI PET/CT was determined to be superior to 18FDG PET/CT in terms of detection of peritoneal involvement with high image quality as well as primary tumor and other metastatic foci. Consequently, 68Ga-FAPI PET/CT can be used as a complementary imaging modality especially for inconclusive 18FDG findings due to the lack of accuracy of 18FDG PET/CT in some of the metastatic regions, especially in the liver.
School water, sanitation, and hygiene inequalities: a bane of sustainable development goal six in Nigeria

The importance of school water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) in achieving the Sustainable Development Goal targets 6.1 and 6.2 in developing countries cannot be overemphasized. However, widespread WASH inequalities remain an impediment to achieving the targets by 2030. Hence, this study was conducted to examine current school-WASH disparities among public and private schools in a low-income Nigerian community using mixed methods. The cross-sectional survey utilized multi-stage sampling to select 400 students from five public and five private schools in Akinyele, Ibadan. Semi-structured questionnaires and observational checklists were used to obtain data. Inferential statistics were measured at a 95% confidence interval. Independent variables like the students’ sociodemographic characteristics, school type, and available WASH facilities were associated with dependent variables like respondents’ hand hygiene and sanitation practices and WASH-associated knowledge and attitude to examine existing inequalities. Classifying the available WASH facilities based on the WHO/UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme, none of the public schools provided any sanitation and hygiene service, while all the private schools provided both services. Furthermore, the private-school students had significantly better WASH knowledge (p<0.001; Ƞ2p=0.152) and attitude (p<0.001; Ƞ2p=0.036) compared with the public-school students. Also, a significantly higher portion of public-school students practiced open defecation at school (p<0.001; odds ratio (OR)=7.4; confidence interval (CI)=4.1–13.5) and at home (p<0.001; OR=7.8; CI=3.7–16.7). WASH disparities among socioeconomic groups remain a persistent challenge. Sole reliance on the Government to narrow the inequalities has persistently proven unfruitful. There is a need to empower local community stakeholders to facilitate sustainable school-WASH interventions.
Relationship between the concentration of anti-Müllerian hormone and antral follicle count in pasture-managed Holstein cows in the high tropics

We evaluated the relationship between plasma levels of anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) and the number of antral follicles at the restart of the follicular wave in crossbred Holstein cows reared under extensive grazing systems over 2500 m above sea level. The study included 140 cows from 15 farms that were in average at the 75.3 ± 2.10 d post partum. Animals were synchronized according to the following regime: day 0 = intravaginal progesterone releas-ing device (IPD) + estradiol benzoate (EB); day 7: withdrawal of IPD + prostaglandin; and day 8: EB, for restart of the follicular wave on day 11. On this day 11, antral follicle counts (AFCs) were made by transrectal ultrasound, and a plasma sample was taken for the determination of AMH. The mean AMH plasma level was 0.06 ± 0.03 ng/ml and the mean AFC was 17.26 ± 0.38 follicles. A strong positive linear correlation was found between these two variables ( r = 0.783, r = 0.613, P < 0.0001). Cows were categorized according to AMH concentration as high (>0.09 ng/ml), intermediate (0.09 – 0.05 ng/ml) or low (<0.05 ng/ml). Cows with high AMH presented a higher AFC (25.0 ± 2.21 follicles) than those with low AMH (14.08 ± 2.68 follicles; P < 0.001. Our results suggest that the cut-off value of AMH = 0.09 ng/ml may be useful for selecting donors in multiple ovulation embryo transfer programs involving cows with these characteristics. Our data further suggest that AMH plasma concentration correlates with AFC and can be used as an endocrine biomarker of the number of antral follicles present at a given moment of the estrous cycle
Optimized design of a high-power-density PM-assisted synchronous reluctance machine with ferrite magnets for electric vehicles

: This paper proposes a permanent magnet (PM)-assisted synchronous reluctance machine (PMASynRM) using ferrite magnets with the same power density as rare-earth PM synchronous motors employed in Toyota Prius 2010. A suitable rotor structure for high torque density and high power density is discussed with respect to the demagnetization of ferrite magnets, mechanical strength and torque ripple. Some electromagnetic characteristics including torque, output power, loss and efficiency are calculated by 2-D finite element analysis (FEA). The analysis results show that a high power density and high efficiency of PMASynRM are obtained by using ferrite magnets.
Current Evidence in the Management of Premalignant Cystic Lesions of the Pancreas in Patients Undergoing Liver Transplantation

Abstract Incidental premalignant pancreatic cystic lesions (pPCLs) are increasingly being detected in patients undergoing orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT). The impact of chronic immunosuppression upon pPCLs may elevate risk of progression to pancreatic cancer. This systematic review assesses prevalence, outcome, and management of pPCLs in patients undergoing OLT. Systematic literature searches were performed in accordance with Cochrane review guidelines. Data on 658 patients were identified from 13 articles. Median age was 59 years with a prevalence of 6.2%. Most studies focused on branch-duct intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms. Average cyst size at diagnosis was 10.3 mm. Six patients (0.9%) underwent pancreatic resection, post-OLT, for suspected “worrisome features” on imaging. One death was due to pancreatic-related cancer, post-OLT. Based on the review, the authors suggest the following: (1) patients with pPCLs undergoing OLT, without “worrisome features,” should be followed conservatively; (2) presence of pPCLs alone should not preclude eligibility for OLT, nor should chronic immunosuppression be altered; (3) follow-up should parallel standard approach applied in immunocompetent patients, as development of “worrisome features” of cancer is rare and does not appear to be hastened by immunosuppression; (4) resection is recommended for surgically fit patients without portal hypertension that develop “worrisome features. ”
Real-World, Retrospective Data of Pancreatic Cancer Treatment Outcomes

noma. In this case, NGS testing cast doubt on the tumor's tissue initial diagnosis because the fluid from the mass both lacked expected mutations (such as KRAS, GNAS, TP53, and SMAD4) and had aVHLmutation. This spurred a subsequent re-examination of the patient's case resulted in the correct diagnosis. Consequently, these findings underscore the usefulness of NGS as a tool in the diagnosis of cystic pancreatic lesions.
Informality and Taxation in Developing Asia

This paper investigates the relationship among informality, formalization policies, and taxation in developing Asian countries. It proceeds in three steps. First, I review the literature, focusing on the relevant issues for developing Asian countries. Second, I provide some basic facts to contextualize the main potential determinants of the high informality and low taxation in the region. Third, I use the model developed in Ulyssea (2010b) to perform counterfactual policy simulations to investigate the effects of different formalization policies on unemployment, informality, average productivity, and total tax revenues in the region. The results indicate that the most effective policy to reduce informality and increase tax revenues is to reduce the formal sector’s entry costs. It does so while also reducing unemployment and increasing wages.
Causality Mining in Fiction

Causality mining has emerged as an important dimension of NLP research, especially with respect to narrative understanding and story generation. Past research in poetics and reading comprehension has identified the expression of causal relations as one of the primary functions of narrative communication. Nevertheless, causality detection remains a formidable challenge for NLP. A recent survey by Ali et al. highlights the many challenges of this interdisciplinary research across multiple domains [1]. One area that remains under-researched is that of cross-domain consistency, whether causal relations and their detection behave in similar ways across different kinds of texts. As Bamman et al. have established, many NLP systems lose considerable performance when applied on fictional texts [2]. In this paper, we thus establish the relative performance of baseline causal mining models on examples drawn from fictional narratives and compare them with standard NLP benchmarks drawn from SemEval data. With a new labeled dataset that we introduce, we train models to detect causality within and between sentences, and uncover linguistic features that indicate a causal relationship between phrases. This research surfaces a range of questions that will help advance the further study of understanding causality in narrative. fiction data versus the commonly-used SemEval dataset. We confirm that causality is a detectable feature in fiction data, and that the models weigh the linguistic features similarly. Even with a small set of hand-annotated training data, we are able to compare our model to state-of-the-art results from the field. This will allow researchers to utilize the model architectures developed in the Natural Language Processing field to study causality in literary texts. How causal relations are encoded differently across different texts, text types, or textual communities remains an open question, but one that might be approachable given our findings.
Effects of Perceived Interactions of Digital Transformed Services on Intention to Accept Technology

The purpose of this study is to verify the influence relationship of digitally converted services on consumers' intention to use since traditional services are being converted to digital services due to technological development and increase in non-face-to-face services. The study consisted of a program development procedure and a program effectiveness verification procedure, and bootstrapping was performed to verify the mediating effect adjusted along with multiple regression analysis. The subjects of this study were 323 university (graduate) students and the general public residing in Korea. Results. First, it was found that the three perceived interaction factors (perceived communication, perceived control, and perceived reactivity) of digital transformed services had a positive effect on perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use, respectively. Second, the relationship of influence of technology acceptance intention was verified. Third, it was confirmed that the effect of the three perceived interaction factors of digital transformed services on intention to use was mediated by perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use. Fourth, the mediating effect mediated by digital disparity was confirmed. As a result, it was confirmed that the three perceived interaction factors of the digitally converted service are important factors in the intention to use the digitally converted service. This suggests that efforts are needed to minimize the digital divide.
Proximate, phytochemical and micronutrient compositions of Dialium guineense and Napoleona imperialis plant parts

The aim of this study was to assess the proximate, phytochemicals and micronutrient analysis of Dialium guineense and Napoleona imperialis plant parts. The proximate, phytochemicals and micronutrient analysis of Dialium guineense and Napoleona imperialis plant parts were analyzed using standard methods. The qualitative and quantitative findings showed the presence of rich bioactive compounds such as alkaloid (0.11-0.98%), saponin (0.21-0.99%), tannin (0.10-0.99)%, flavonoid (0.11-0.88)%, glycoside (0.001-0.089)%, quinone ( 0.003-0.89)%, steroid (0.10-0.89) % and reducing sugar (0.0005-0.99)%. The proximate analysis revealed that the dominant components were ash D. guineense (73.6-90%) and N . imperialis (94.7-95.45%), moisture - D. guineense (5.8-20%) and N. imperialis (7.6-25%), while carbohydrate, protein, fibre and fat contents were relatively low. The vitamin content of the different parts of D . guineense and N . imperialis showed that a total of 6 vitamins were present. Vitamin C showed the highest concentration between 0.57 and 0.98 mg/ml, while vitamin D between 0.02 and 0.06 mg/ml showed the lowest concentration. Among the analyzed minerals, magnesium content was the highest (0.12-0.87) mg/100 g followed by calcium (0.054-0.56) mg/100 g and zinc (0.04-0.09) mg/100 g; however, the other elements were found at very low amounts. The plant samples were shown to possess significant amount of nutrients and phytochemicals, suggesting its beneficial effect in enhancing metabolic processes via enzyme activation hence its ethno-medicinal potential.
Ambivalent sexism in Romanian students: Examining gender, sex roles and social dominance

: The prejudice against women is an important topic in Romania and the study of it comes as a normal concern to psychologists. We chose to differentiate between hostile and benevolent sexism, thus using the Ambivalent Sexism Theory. We were interested in the differences in the level of ambivalent sexism based on variables like gender, sex roles (masculine, feminine, androgynous and undifferentiated) and social dominance. Our sample consisted in 222 participants from the student population. From them, 102 were males and 120 were females. We predicted that males would be more hostile and women more benevolent in their attitudes. Socially dominant individuals would be more sexist (both hostile and benevolent). Finally, masculine individuals would show the highest level of hostile sexism, while feminine and androgynous one the highest level of benevolent sexism. Results supported some hypothesis and rejected the others. Our suppositions about the gender differences were correct. We found no variation in regards to social dominance. The androgynous individuals were more benevolent compared with masculine, feminine and undifferentiated individuals. There were no interaction effects between the independent variable. We discussed possible causes and effects of our results.
Characterization of Korean Distilled Liquor, Soju, Using Chemical, HS-SPME-GC-MS, and Sensory Descriptive Analysis

The volatile compounds and sensory profiles of 18 different types of distilled soju, chosen with regard to various raw materials and distillation methods (atmospheric vs. vacuum), were explored using headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and descriptive analysis. General chemical properties such as pH, total acidity (TA), total soluble solids (°Brix), and lactic acid concentration were also determined. A total of 56 volatile compounds, comprising 31 esters, 11 alcohols, 1 acid, 4 aldehydes, 3 ketones, and 6 miscellaneous compounds, were identified. From the principal component analysis (PCA) of the volatile data, samples made using atmospheric distillation such as MSO and PJU showed a clear difference from decompressed distillation samples. Based on the PCA of the sensory data, there was also a clear distinction between samples by their distillation method. To explore relationships among chemical, volatile, and sensory data sets, multiple factor analysis (MFA) was applied. Yeasty and earthy flavors showed a close relationship with 1-nonanol, octatonic acid, and longer-chain esters such as ethyl phenylacetate and ethyl tetradecanoate, and with chemical parameters such as TA, °Brix, and lactic acid.
Distributed strain measurement with polymer optical fiber integrated in technical textiles using the optical time domain reflectometry technique

The presented research is carried out on the background of the development of a new strain sensor, integrated in technical textiles using the optical time domain reflectometry (OTDR) technique. We investigated the effect of increased scattering in POF due to applied strain as a distributed sensor including research on long-term stability and reliability of this sensor.
How Do School Principals Perceive Education that Includes Death? A Phenomenological Study

ABSTRACT An education that includes death is lacking in schools, even during this period of the pandemic caused by the Covid-19 virus. The objective of this study was to attain an exploratory understanding of the school principals’ views on death education. The study, undertaken in Spain, adopted a phenomenological design, carrying out interviews with 7 school principals. The main findings were that death was not present, with a clear educational purpose, in their schools’ curricula. Hence the inclusion of death in education requires a change of perspective in death education, based on the knowledge developed by the Pedagogy of Death.