Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Influence of Axle Load and Asphalt Layer Thickness on Dynamic Response of Asphalt Pavement

Based on the test data of vehicle load test on asphalt pavement, the significance of dynamic response index of different asphalt pavement to axle load change of single and double rear axle trucks is analyzed. The changes of horizontal strain at the bottom of asphalt layer, vertical compressive stress at the top of subgrade, and vertical displacement of transition layer and bottom compressive stress before and after laying of middle and upper layers are revealed. The test results show that reducing the thickness of asphalt layer or increasing the vehicle axle load can lead to the more unfavorable stress-strain distribution in asphalt pavement under driving load. The influence of the fluctuation of truck axle load or asphalt layer thickness on the stress-strain distribution in asphalt pavement varies with the type of pavement structure, pavement response index, vehicle driving speed, vehicle type, and the horizon of the measuring point. The transverse strain at the bottom of the asphalt layer is more affected by the axle load and the thickness of the asphalt layer than the longitudinal strain at the bottom of the asphalt layer. The measured value of the dynamic response index of the semirigid asphalt pavement is more affected by the axle load than that of the inverted asphalt pavement. However, the measured value of the dynamic response index of the semi-rigid asphalt pavement is less affected by the thickness of the asphalt layer when the thickness of the asphalt layer changes within a certain range. The tensile strain part of the longitudinal strain at the bottom of the asphalt layer and the compressive strain part of the transverse strain at the bottom of the asphalt layer are greatly affected by the thickness of the asphalt layer. The sensitivity of fatigue life of asphalt pavement of inverted structure to driving speed and axle load is less than that of semirigid structure. The research results can provide reference for the analysis of the asphalt pavement disease mechanism and provide guidance for asphalt pavement structural design and service life analysis.
Immunometabolic Reprogramming in Response to HIV Infection Is Not Fully Normalized by Suppressive Antiretroviral Therapy

Background: HIV infection results in immunometabolic reprogramming. While we are beginning to understand how this metabolic reprogramming regulates the immune response to HIV infection, we do not currently understand the impact of ART on immunometabolism in people with HIV (PWH). Methods: Serum obtained from HIV-infected (n = 278) and geographically matched HIV seronegative control subjects (n = 300) from Rakai Uganda were used in this study. Serum was obtained before and ~2 years following the initiation of ART from HIV-infected individuals. We conducted metabolomics profiling of the serum and focused our analysis on metabolic substrates and pathways assocaited with immunometabolism. Results: HIV infection was associated with metabolic adaptations that implicated hyperactive glycolysis, enhanced formation of lactate, increased activity of the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP), decreased β-oxidation of long-chain fatty acids, increased utilization of medium-chain fatty acids, and enhanced amino acid catabolism. Following ART, serum levels of ketone bodies, carnitine, and amino acid metabolism were normalized, however glycolysis, PPP, lactate production, and β-oxidation of long-chain fatty acids remained abnormal. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that HIV infection is associated with an increased immunometabolic demand that is satisfied through the utilization of alternative energetic substrates, including fatty acids and amino acids. ART alone was insufficient to completely restore this metabolic reprogramming to HIV infection, suggesting that a sustained impairment of immunometabolism may contribute to chronic immune activation and comorbid conditions in virally suppressed PWH.
Optimal Decisions and Implementation Efficiency of the Extended Producer Responsibility System for E-Waste under Take-Back Legislations

The collection and reuse of the e-wastes have attracted increasing attention all over the world. In order to incentivize the producer to collect and recover the e-waste, more and more countries have formulated the take-back legislation with the economic or administrative instruments based on the spirit of extended producer responsibility (EPR). Facing two different types of policy instruments (economic or administrative instrument), how the take-back legislation affects the collection and reuse of the e-waste and how to ensure the efficiencies of the two types of take-back legislation have attracted the public’s attention. Therefore, this paper establishes a stylized model consisting of a monopoly manufacturer who is responsible for collection and remanufacturing under two different types of the take-back legislation. The manufacturer’s optimal production, collection, remanufacturing decisions, and optimal profit are derived using Karush–Kuhn–Tucker (KKT) conditions. Sensitivity analysis shows that stricter mandated collection rate hurts the manufacturer’s profit, but the effects of the government’s subsidy and tax on the manufacturer’s optimal decisions rely on the cost of the new product. The firm needs to adjust the cost of the new products corresponding to the specific subsidy and tax. Finally, a neutral fiscal policy is proposed to determine the government’s optimal subsidy and tax in order to ensure the consistency of the efficiencies of the two types of take-back legislation. The government should set that the ratio of the optimal tax and subsidy under the neutral fiscal policy is exactly consistent with the mandatory collection target. This policy aims to guide the manufacturer’s voluntary collection rate to meet the government’s mandated collection target and thus change the mandatory collection mode to the voluntary collection mode.
Analysis of Differences in Preterm Birth Rates According to Household Occupation in Japan From 2007 to 2019

Objectives No studies have examined the association between preterm birth rates and socioeconomic factors in Japan using nationwide statistical data. We analyzed the association between preterm birth rates and household occupation using Vital Statistics data. Methods Aggregated Vital Statistics data from Japan from 2007 to 2019 were obtained from the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare. From the data, the number of births according to year, age group, gestational period, number of pregnancies, and household occupation were used in this study. Crude preterm birth rates and preterm birth rates adjusted by maternal age according to household occupation were calculated for each year. Poisson regression analysis was conducted to evaluate the association between household occupation and preterm births. Results Unemployed households had the highest preterm birth rate, and households with an occupation classification of “full-time worker 2” (an employee at a large company, civil servant, or board member) had the lowest preterm birth rate throughout each period. Poisson regression analysis revealed that unemployed households were statistically significantly associated with a high preterm birth risk. In contrast, the preterm birth rate adjusted by maternal age remained stable throughout each period regardless of household occupation, and preterm birth rates were found not to have increased in recent years in Japan. Conclusions Unemployed households had higher preterm birth rates than other household occupations. Further studies investigating the characteristics of unemployed households are needed to identify the reasons for this disparity.
Research on audible noise of ultra-high voltage direct current (UHV DC) transmission lines with a digital twin

Much attention has been paid to audible noise in the design of ultra-high voltage (UHV) direct current (DC) transmission lines because of its negative impact on residents' lives. In order to analyze audible noise, shorten the research period, and reduce experimental costs, firstly, a digital twin model for audible noise of UHV DC transmission lines is proposed. Then, the model’s structure and related principles are explained in detail. Finally, an application, as a research paradigm, uses digital twin to study the source distribution on transmission lines and influencing factors of audible noise. The A-weighted sound level of audible noise on the ground is calculated and compared with the data obtained by the BPA empirical formula. The results show that the position of the sound source tends to have uniform distribution and the intensity tends to have Gaussian distribution, while temperature and relative humidity exert obvious effects on audible noise, illustrating the great value of digital twin technology in the study of audible noise. This paper not only provides a new method for audible noise research, but also provides a reference for the design of UHV DC transmission lines.
A Novel Ferroptosis-Related LncRNA Pair Prognostic Signature Predicts Immune Landscapes and Treatment Responses for Gastric Cancer Patients

Background: The construction of ferroptosis-related lncRNA prognostic models in malignancies has been an intense area of research recently. However, most of the studies focused on the exact expression of lncRNAs and had limited application values. Herein, we aim to establish a novel prognostic model for gastric cancer (GC) patients and discuss its correlation with immune landscapes and treatment responses. Methods: The present study retrieved transcriptional data of GC patients from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. We identified differentially expressed ferroptosis-related lncRNAs between tumor and normal controls of GC samples. Based on a new method of cyclically single pairing, we constructed a 0 or 1 matrix of ferroptosis-related lncRNA pairs (FRLPs). A risk score signature consisting of 10 FRLPs was established using multi-step Cox regression analysis. Next, we performed a series of systematic analyses to investigate the association of the FRLP model and tumor microenvironment, biological function, and treatment responses. An alternative model to the FRLP risk score signature, the gene set score (GS) model was also constructed, which could represent the former when lncRNA expression was not available. Results: We established a novel prognostic signature of 10 ferroptosis-related lncRNA pairs. High-risk patients in our risk score model were characterized by high infiltration of immune cells, upregulated carcinogenic and stromal activities, and heightened sensitivity to a wide range of anti-tumor drugs, whereas low-risk patients were associated with better responses to methotrexate treatment and elevated immunotherapeutic sensitivity. The practicability of the FRLP risk score model was also validated in two independent microarray datasets downloaded from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) using the GS model. Finally, two online dynamic nomograms were built to enhance the clinical utility of the study. Conclusion: In this study, we developed a ferroptosis-related lncRNA pair-based risk score model that did not rely on the exact lncRNA expression level. This novel model might provide insights for the accurate prediction and comprehensive management for GC patients.
Cardiac Complications of COVID-19 in Low-Risk Patients

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has resulted in over 6 million deaths and significant morbidity across the globe. Alongside common respiratory symptoms, COVID-19 is associated with a variety of cardiovascular complications in the acute and post-acute phases of infection. The suggested pathophysiological mechanisms that underlie these complications include direct viral infection of the myocardium via the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) protein and a cytokine release syndrome that results in indirect inflammatory damage to the heart. Patients with pre-existing cardiovascular disease and co-morbidities are generally more susceptible to the cardiac manifestations of COVID-19. However, studies have identified a variety of complications in low-risk individuals, including young adults and children. Myocarditis and paediatric inflammatory multisystem syndrome temporally associated with COVID-19 (PIMS) are among the adverse events reported in the acute phase of infection. Furthermore, patients have reported cardiac symptoms persisting beyond the acute phase in post-COVID syndrome. This review summarises the acute and chronic cardiac consequences of COVID-19 in low-risk patients, explores the pathophysiology behind them, and discusses new predictive factors for poor outcomes.
LETTER TO THE EDITOR: Random walks and random fixed-point free involutions

A bijection is given between fixed-point free involutions of {1,2,. ,2N} with maximum decreasing subsequence size 2p and two classes of vicious (non-intersecting) random walker configurations confined to the half-line lattice points l≥1. In one class of walker configurations the maximum displacement of the rightmost walker is p. Because the scaled distribution of the maximum decreasing subsequence size is known to be in the soft edge GOE (random real symmetric matrices) universality class, the same holds true for the scaled distribution of the maximum displacement of the rightmost walker.
Zhongyong Thinking Style and Resilience Capacity in Chinese Undergraduates: The Chain Mediating Role of Cognitive Reappraisal and Positive Affect

Previous studies have suggested that the Zhongyong thinking style (influenced by Chinese culture) is associated with psychological features. However, little is known about the direct association between Zhongyong thinking and resilience and the underlying mechanisms of this relationship in Chinese culture. The present study aimed to investigate the association between Zhongyong thinking and undergraduates’ resilience and to assess whether cognitive reappraisal and positive effects mediated this association. A sample of undergraduates (n = 1,356, 70.4% female, mean age = 19 years) was recruited for this study and the participants completed the Zhongyong Thinking Style Scale (ZYTS), the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (ERQ), the Positive Affect and Negative Affect Scale (PANAS), and the Resilience-11. Results indicated that the Zhongyong thinking style was positively and significantly associated with resilience. Undergraduates’ resilience was affected by Zhongyong thinking partly through 3 different pathways: the mediating role of cognitive reappraisal, the mediating role of positive effect, and the mediating chain role of both cognitive reappraisal and positive effect. These findings might provide a deeper understanding of the protective factors for resilience among Chinese undergraduates.
Risk Factors for the Onset of Frozen Shoulder in Middle-Aged and Elderly Subjects Within 1 Year of Discharge From a Hospitalization That Involved Intravenous Infusion: A Prospective Cohort Study

Aim To investigate the incidence of frozen shoulder and risk factors for the onset of frozen shoulder in middle-aged and elderly subjects within 1 year of discharge from a hospitalization that involved intravenous infusion in Zhangjiagang Second People's Hospital. Methods A total of 1,900 subjects who were discharged from a hospitalization that involved intravenous infusion in the hospital between May 2020 and September 2020 met the inclusion criteria for this study: 950 subjects had a mean daily duration of intravenous infusion ≤ 2 h (low exposure) and 950 subjects had a mean daily duration of intravenous infusion ≥3 h (high exposure). Subjects were followed up by telephone at 6 months ± 1 week and 12 months ± 1 week after discharge the incidence of frozen shoulder. Results The cumulative incidence rate of frozen shoulder within 1 year of discharge was 5.2%. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed the risk of frozen shoulder was higher in subjects with a mean daily duration of intravenous infusion ≥3 h compared to ≤ 2 h (OR = 3.082, 95% CI 1.919–4.949, P < 0.001); subjects hospitalized for 11–30 days had a higher risk of frozen shoulder compared to those hospitalized for 10 days or less (OR = 6.836, 95%CI 4.363–10.709, P < 0.001); subjects who were overweight/ obese (BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2) had a higher risk of frozen shoulder compared to those of normal weight (BMI 18.5–24.9 kg/m2) (OR = 2.166, 95%CI 1.376–3.410, P = 0.001); subjects in the 56–70-year-old age group had a higher risk of developing frozen shoulder compared to those in the 40–55-year-old age group (OR = 1.977, 95%CI 1.154–3.387, P = 0.013); diabetes increased the risk of frozen shoulder (OR = 3.009, 95%CI 1.826–4.959, P < 0.001). The 71–85 years old age group and hypertension were statistically significant in univariate analysis but not in multivariate analysis (P > 0.05). Conclusion Compared with middle-aged and elderly in the general population, middle-aged and elderly subjects who received intravenous infusion during a hospitalization had a higher cumulative incidence rate of frozen shoulder within 1 year after discharge. Independent risk factors for the onset of frozen shoulder included mean daily duration of intravenous infusion ≥3 h, length of hospital stay 11–30 days, BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2, age 56–70 years, and diabetes.
Building a launchpad for satellite cyber-security research: lessons from 60 years of spaceflight

As the space industry approaches a period of rapid change, securing both emerging and legacy satellite missions will become vital. However, space technology has been largely overlooked by the systems security community. This survey seeks to understand why this is the case and to offer a starting point for technical security researchers seeking impactful contributions beyond the Earth’s mesosphere. The paper begins with a cross-disciplinary synthesis of relevant threat models from a diverse array of fields, ranging from legal and policy studies to aerospace engineering. This is presented as a “threat matrix toolbox,” which security researchers may leverage to motivate technical research into given attack vectors and defenses. We derive this model from an original chronology of > 100 significant satellite hacking incidents spanning the previous 60 years. Together, these are used to assess the state-of-the-art in satellite security across four sub-domains: satellite radio-link security, space hardware security, ground station security, and operational/mission security. In each area, we note significant findings and unresolved questions which the systems security community is aptly poised to tackle. By consolidating this research, we present the case that satellite systems security researchers can build on strong, but disparate, academic foundations and rise to meet an urgent need for future space missions.
The prevalence and risk factors of death anxiety and fear of COVID‐19 in an Iranian community: A cross‐sectional study

COVID‐19 has adversely impacted the public's mental health. One of the causes of psychopathology during the present pandemic is death anxiety and fear of COVID‐19. The present study aimed to determine the prevalence and risk factors of death anxiety and fear of COVID‐19 in Shiraz city, south of Iran.
Retention-Aware Container Caching for Serverless Edge Computing

Serverless edge computing adopts an event-based model where Internet-of-Things (IoT) services are executed in lightweight containers only when requested, leading to significantly improved edge resource utilization. Unfortunately, the startup latency of containers degrades the responsiveness of IoT services dramatically. Container caching, while masking this latency, requires retaining resources thus compromising resource efficiency. In this paper, we study the retention-aware container caching problem in serverless edge computing. We leverage the distributed and heterogeneous nature of edge platforms and propose to optimize container caching jointly with request distribution. We reveal step by step that this joint optimization problem can be mapped to the classic ski-rental problem. We first present an online competitive algorithm for a special case where request distribution and container caching are based on a set of carefully designed probability distribution functions. Based on this algorithm, we propose an online algorithm called O-RDC for the general case, which incorporates the resource capacity and network latency by opportunistically distributing requests. We conduct extensive experiments to examine the performance of the proposed algorithms with both synthetic and real-world serverless computing traces. Our results show that ORDC outperforms existing caching strategies of current serverless computing platforms by up to 94.5% in terms of the overall system cost.
Three-Dimensional (3D) Imaging Technology to Monitor Growth and Development of Holstein Heifers and Estimate Body Weight, a Preliminary Study

The choice of rearing strategy for dairy cows can have an effect on production yield, at least during the first lactation. For this reason, it is important to closely monitor the growth and development of young heifers. Unfortunately, current methods for evaluation can be costly, time-consuming, and dangerous because of the need to physically manipulate animals, and as a result, this type of monitoring is seldom performed on farms. One potential solution may be the use of tools based on three-dimensional (3D) imaging, which has been studied in adult cows but not yet in growing individuals. In this study, an imaging approach that was previously validated for adult cows was tested on a pilot population of five randomly selected growing Holstein heifers, from 5 weeks of age to the end of the first gestation. Once a month, all heifers were weighed and an individual 3D image was recorded. From these images, we estimated growth trends in morphological traits such as heart girth or withers height (188.1 ± 3.7 cm and 133.5 ± 6.0 cm on average at one year of age, respectively). From other traits, such as body surface area and volume (5.21 ± 0.32 m2 and 0.43 ± 0.05 m3 on average at one year of age, respectively), we estimated body weight based on volume (402.4 ± 37.5 kg at one year of age). Body weight estimates from images were on average 9.7% higher than values recorded by the weighing scale (366.8 ± 47.2 kg), but this difference varied with age (19.1% and 1.8% at 6 and 20 months of age, respectively). To increase accuracy, the predictive model developed for adult cows was adapted and completed with complementary data on young heifers. Using imaging data, it was also possible to analyze changes in the surface-to-volume ratio that occurred as body weight and age increased. In sum, 3D imaging technology is an easy-to-use tool for following the growth and management of heifers and should become increasingly accurate as more data are collected on this population.