Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Comparison of the efficacy of different biodegradable membranes in guided bone/tissue regeneration: a systematic review and network meta-analysis

Guided bone/tissue regeneration (GBR/GTR) is commonly used in dental treatment. The desired bone/tissue regeneration is achieved by placing a barrier membrane over the defect to avoid the downward growth of faster-growing connective and epithelial tissue into the defect. This review aimed to evaluate osteogenic properties, degradation characteristics, and postoperative complications of eight biodegradable membranes in animal experiments, including non-crosslinked collagen membrane (NCCM), crosslinked collagen membrane (CCM), silk membrane (SM), polylactic-co-glycolic acid, polylactic acid, polyethylene glycol hydrogel, polycaprolactone (PCL), and magnesium alloys. Seven electronic databases (PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Science Direct, Wiley, Scopus and Google Scholar) were screened. Study selection, data extraction and quality assessment were made in duplicate. The SYRCLE assessment tool, CERQual (Confidence in the Evidence from Reviews of Qualitative Research) tool and GRADE tool were used to grade the risk of bias and level of evidence. A total of 2512 articles were found in the electronic database. Finally, 94 articles were selected, of which 53 were meta-analyzed. Surface under the cumulative ranking curve showed the best results for new bone formation in the magnesium barrier membrane group, followed by SM, PCL, NCCM, and CCM. Qualitative analysis showed good biocompatibility for natural polymer membranes and a longer degradation time for synthetic polymer membranes. In addition, 34 studies all showed high bias risks, while other studies had unclear bias risks. Natural polymer membranes were more effective for bone regeneration and magnesium alloys were proved to be promising barrier materials that warrant future research.
Clinical pharmacological innovation in the treatment of depression

ABSTRACT Introduction Deficiencies in standard of care antidepressants are driving novel drug discovery. A new age of antidepressant medications has emerged with the introduction of rapid-acting antidepressants with efficacy in treatment-resistant patients. Areas covered The newly approved medicines and those in clinical development for major depressive disorder (MDD) are documented in this scoping review of newly approved and emerging antidepressants. Compounds are evaluated for clinical efficacy, tolerability, and safety and compared to those of standard of care medicines. Expert opinion A new age of antidepressant discovery relies heavily on glutamatergic mechanisms. New medicines based upon the model of ketamine have been delivered and are in clinical development. Rapid onset and the ability to impact treatment-resistant depression, raises the question of the best first-line medicines for patients. Drugs with improvements in tolerability are being investigated (e.g. mGlu2/3 receptor antagonists, AMPA receptor potentiators, and novel NMDA receptor modulators). Multiple companies are working toward the identification of novel psychedelic drugs where the requirement for psychedelic activity is not fully known. Gaps still exist – methods for matching patients with specific medicines are needed, and medicines for the prevention of MDD and its disease progression need research attention.
Mistrust: Community engagement in global health research in coastal Kenya

This article explores a case of mistrust in global health research and community engagement. It uses ethnographic material collected in 2014 and 2016 in Kenya, concerning community engagement by a HIV vaccine research group working with men who have sex with men and transgender women. In 2010, the research group was attacked by members of the wider community. Following the attack, the research group set up an engagement program to reduce mistrust and re-build relationships. Analysis focusing on mistrust shows the dynamics underlying the conflict: Norms around gender and sexuality, political support for LGBTIQ+ rights, and resources disparities were all at stake for those embroiled in the conflict, including researchers, study participants, religious leaders, and LGBTIQ+ activists in the region. Rather than a normative good with liberatory potential, community engagement in this paper is discussed as a relational tool with which mistrust was managed, highlighting the fragility of participation.
Are Deep Neural Networks Adequate Behavioural Models of Human Visual Perception?

Deep neural networks (DNNs) are machine learning algorithms that have revolutionized computer vision due to their remarkable successes in tasks like object classification and segmentation. The success of DNNs as computer vision algorithms has led to the suggestion that DNNs may also be good models of human visual perception. In this article, we review evidence regarding current DNNs as adequate behavioral models of human core object recognition. To this end, we argue that it is important to distinguish between statistical tools and computational models and to understand model quality as a multidimensional concept in which clarity about modeling goals is key. Reviewing a large number of psychophysical and computational explorations of core object recognition performance in humans and DNNs, we argue that DNNs are highly valuable scientific tools but that, as of today, DNNs should only be regarded as promising-but not yet adequate-computational models of human core object recognition behavior. On the way, we dispel several myths surrounding DNNs in vision science. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Vision Science, Volume 9 is September 2023. Please see http://www.annualreviews. org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.
Multimedia-Supported Metaphors for Meaning Making in Mathematics

We examined a number-line metaphor presented using interactive multimedia as a means of helping students build connections between an arithmetic procedure and their existing conceptual knowledge. Elementary school children learned to add and subtract signed numbers through a computer-based multimedia program over 4 training sessions. Participants received 64 example problems presented only in symbolic form (single-representation [SR] group) or in symbolic, visual, and verbal forms (multiple-representation [MR] group). In Experiment 1, compared to the SR group, the MR group (a) showed a larger pretest-to-posttest gain for high-achieving students but not for low-achieving students, (b) showed a greater gain on difficult problems but not easy problems, (c) learned faster during training, and (d) showed a greater pretest-to-posttest reduction in the use of conceptual bugs reflecting conceptually confusion between negative signs and subtraction operators. In Experiment 2, high spatial ability students in the M.
Single-cell and spatially resolved transcriptomics for liver biology.

Single-cell transcriptomics enables the identification of rare cell types and the inference of state transitions, and spatially resolved transcriptomics allows the quantification of cells and genes in the context of tissues. The recent progress in these new technologies is improving our understanding of the cell landscape and its roles in diseases. Here, we review key biological insights into liver homeostasis, development, regeneration, chronic liver disease and cancer obtained from single-cell and spatially resolved transcriptomics. We highlight recent progress in the liver cell atlas that characterizes the comprehensive cellular composition, diversity and function; the spatial architecture, such as liver zonation, cell communication and proximity; the cell identity conversion and cell-specific alterations that are associated with liver pathology; and new therapeutic targets. We further discuss outstanding challenges, advanced experimental technologies and computational methods helping to address these challenges.
Widespread genetic heterogeneity and genotypic grouping associated with fungicide resistance among barley spot form net blotch isolates in Australia

Abstract Spot form net blotch, caused by Pyrenophora teres f. maculata, is a major foliar disease of barley worldwide. Knowledge of the pathogen's genetic diversity and population structure is critical for a better understanding of inherent evolutionary capacity and for the development of sustainable disease management strategies. Genome-wide, single nucleotide polymorphism data of 254 Australian isolates revealed genotypic diversity and an absence of population structure, either between states, or between fields and cultivars in different agro-ecological zones. This indicates there is little geographical isolation or cultivar directional selection and that the pathogen is highly mobile across the continent. However, two cryptic genotypic groups were found only in Western Australia, predominantly associated with genes involved in fungicide resistance. The findings in this study are discussed in the context of current cultivar resistance and the pathogen's adaptive potential.
SubOptimal Continuous-Curvature Path Planning for Non-Holonomic Robots

Since 1986, numerous works have been focusing on path planning for car-like mobile robot. However, most of these works generate paths made of line segments tangentially connecting circular arcs of maximum cur- vature. These are indeed paths of minimum length, whether the robot goes only forward (this has been prov- ed by Dubins in 1957) or both forward and backward (Reeds et Shepp, 1990). Nevertheless, several works about mobile robots' control insisted on the importance of the continuity of the curvature, in order to obtain paths that can be fol- lowed precisely. While the paths usually used do not verify this property, other types of paths were presented but the relevance of the choice of these paths, w.r. t. the robot' s model, was not discussed.
Evaluation of Surrogate and Bootstrap Tests for Nonlinearity in Time Series

The validity of any test for nonlinearity based on resampling techniques depends heavily on the consistency of the generated resampled data to the null hypothesis of linear stochastic process. The surrogate data generating algorithms AAFT, IAAFT and STAP, as well as a residual-based bootstrap algorithm, all used for the randomization or bootstrap test for nonlinearity, are reviewed and their performance is compared using different nonlinear statistics for the test. The simulations on linear and nonlinear stochastic systems, as well as chaotic systems, reveals a variation in the test outcome with the algorithm and statistic. Overall, the bootstrap algorithm led to smallest test power whereas the STAP algorithm gave consistently good results in terms of size and power of the test. The performance of the nonlinearity test with the resampling techniques is evaluated on volume and return time series of international stock exchange indices.
Including genotypic information in genetic evaluations increases the accuracy of sheep breeding values

Abstract The impact of inclusion of genome‐wide genotypes into breeding value predictions for UK Texel sheep is addressed in this article. The main aim was to investigate the level of change in the accuracy values for EBVs when information from animal genotypes is incorporated into the genetic evaluations. New genetic parameters for a range of lamb growth, carcass composition and health traits are described and applied in the estimation of conventional breeding values (EBVs) for almost 822,000 animals as well as genomic breeding values (gEBVs) after adding 10,143 genotypes. Principal component analyses showed that there are no major distinct groups; hence, the population is mainly homogenous and genetically well‐linked. Results suggested that the highest change in accuracy was observed for the animals that are not phenotyped but have good links to the reference population. This was seen especially for the lowly heritable health traits thereby proving that the use of genotypes in breeding values estimation may accelerate the genetic gain by producing more accurate values especially for young, un‐phenotyped animals.
Algorithm for Shot Boundary Detection Based on Support Vector Machine in Compressed Domain

Improving the precision of shot boundary detection is very important.This paper presents an algorithm for shot boundary detection based on SVM(support vector machine)in compressed domain.It uses the features,such as the type of macroblock,the difference between DC coefficients of two co-located blocks in successive frames and the type of frame,to segment a video into the shots by classifying the frames into three classes,namely,the frames of cut change,gradual change and non-change.No thresholds,which are often hard to select in most shot detection methods,are involved in our algorithm.Experiments have shown that our algorithm is robust for motion of camera and large objects in video,and the experimental result of our algorithm on TREC-2001 video data set is 8% higher than the best result of 2001 TREC evaluation in F1 comparison when cut and gradual changes are both considered.
Mitochondrial Ca2+ overload due to altered proteostasis amplifies apoptosis in C2C12 myoblasts under hypoxia: Protective role of nanocurcumin formulation

Severe hypoxia triggers apoptosis leads to myofibers loss and is attributable to impaired intracellular calcium (iCa2+) homeostasis, resulting in reduced muscle activity. Hypoxia increases intracellular Ca2+ by activating the release of Ca2+ from iCa2+ stores, however, the effect of increased [iCa2+] on the mitochondria of muscle cells at high‐altitude hypoxia is largely unexplored. This study examined mitochondrial Ca2+ overload due to altered expression of mitochondrial calcium uptake 1 (MICU1), that is, a gatekeeper of the mitochondrial Ca2+ uniporter, impaired mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm). p53 stabilization and its translocation to the mitochondria were observed following disrupted mitochondrial membrane integrity in myoblasts under hypoxia. Furthermore, the downstream effects of p53 led to the upregulation of proapoptotic proteins (Bax, Caspase‐3, and cytochrome C) in myoblasts under hypoxia. Nanocurcumin‐pyrroloquinoline quinone formulation (NCF; Indian patent no. 302877), developed to address hypoxia‐induced consequences, was found to be beneficial in maintaining mitochondrial Ca2+ homeostasis and limiting p53 translocation into mitochondria under hypoxia in muscle myoblasts. NCF treatment also modulates heat shock proteins and apoptosis‐regulating protein expression in myoblasts. Conclusively, we proposed that mitochondrial Ca2+ overload due to altered MICU1 expression intensifies apoptosis and mitochondrial dysfunctionality. The study also reported that NCF could improve mitochondrial [Ca2+] homeostasis and antiapoptotic ability in C2C12 myoblasts under hypoxia.
Comparison of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction With Versus Without Anterolateral Augmentation: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

Background: It is clear that the anterolateral ligament has an important role in rotational knee stability. However, whether patients undergoing anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction (ACLR) can benefit from anterolateral augmentation (ALA) is still controversial. Purpose: To compare the effects of isolated ACLR versus ACLR combined with ALA (ACLR+ALA) on clinical outcomes and knee stability. Study Design: Systematic review; Level of evidence, 1. Methods: The methodology followed PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines. A literature search of the PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library Central Register of Controlled Trials databases was undertaken to identify all randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing isolated ACLR with ACLR+ALA for the treatment of ACL injuries in the last 15 years. The Cochrane Collaboration risk-of-bias tool and the revised Jadad scale were utilized by 2 independent reviewers to determine the quality of RCTs. Relevant data were extracted and compared between procedures, and heterogeneity across the RCTs was assessed using the I 2 statistic. Results: The initial search yielded 849 articles. A total of 14 studies (1850 patients; 941 ACLR and 909 ACLR+ALA) satisfied the eligibility criteria for the meta-analysis. There were no significant differences between the procedures in terms of patient-reported outcomes (International Knee Documentation Committee score, Tegner score, Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score) or return-to-sport rates. However, patients who underwent ACLR+ALA had better knee stability based on the pivot-shift test (risk ratio [RR], 1.06 [95% CI, 1.02 to 1.10]; P = .0008), Lachman test (RR, 1.03 [95% CI, 1.00 to 1.07]; P = .04), and side-to-side difference in anterior laxity (standardized mean difference, –0.55 [95% CI, –0.98 to –0.12]; P = .01) as well as a lower incidence of graft failure (RR, 0.30 [95% CI, 0.19 to 0.45]; P < .01) compared with patients who underwent isolated ACLR. Conclusion: ALA can be considered as a reinforcement of ACLR to improve anteroposterior and anterolateral rotational stability of the knee and reduce the risk of failure. The patient-reported outcomes of isolated ACLR were similar to those of ACLR+ALA, and both procedures provided improved knee function.
Exploring the Perceived and Real Metacognitive Reading Strategies of Iranian EFL Learners: Different Text Types in Focus

This mixed methods study examined whether perceived metacognitive reading strategies differed in Iranian EFL learners with different reading abilities. It also compared their actual (real) utilization of metacognitive reading strategies in different English text types (narrative and expository). Four hundred Iranian university students studying TEFL were selected according to their performance on the Oxford Placement Test. A Persian Reading Comprehension Placement Test, Reading Section of PET, and English and Persian Perceived Reading Strategy Questionnaires were administered. One hundred thirty-three students were selected and divided into two groups based on the Persian Reading Comprehension Placement Test scores. Those who achieved above the mean score were classified as high readers and others as low readers. After administering the questionnaires and conducting think-aloud, the data were analyzed through chi-square, MANOVA, and theme-based analysis. The findings revealed that the realizations of global reading strategies regarding frequency and type were not different in Iranian EFL learners’ perceived metacognitive reading strategies. The findings also indicated a significant difference between the frequency and type of problem-solving reading strategies. The results confirmed that learners used the same global and problem-solving strategies in reading narrative and expository text types, while the pattern of using support-reading strategies was different. The most frequent support reading strategies used in expository text were paraphrasing, circling the information, and reading aloud while summarizing and asking questions were the most frequent support reading strategies used in narrative text. The theoretical and pedagogical implications of the study were finally pointed out.
The thermostability of a Vaccine Delivery system X-Protein (VADEX-Pro) based protein nanoparticle

We have adapted split GFP technology into the protein nanoparticle platform, Vaccine Delivery system X (VADEX), created in previous study. To evaluate the capability of this new platform, a model protein, maltose binding protein (MBP), was fused to the β-strand 11 of sfGFP and co-expressed with VADEX-10 which was composed of LYRRLE peptide and N-terminal part up to β-strand 10 of sfGFP. When these two fusion proteins were expressed in a cell, they were assembled into PNP spontaneously with a dynamic light scattering (DLS) particle size of 26 nm. This nanoparticle platform was renamed as VADEX-Pro for its capacity of expressing large protein on PNP. The thermostability of the assembled PNP was verified by both SDS-PAGE and DLS analysis following treatment. This PNP was stable at 25 °C and at temperatures as high as 40 °C for at least two months. Mutations that replaced cysteine residue of the LYRRLE peptide with serine or alanine destabilized and induced degradation of the VADEX-based PNP. The results in this study showed that the non-covalent complementation of split sfGFP became irreversible when reconstituted sfGFP was assembled in a VADEX-Pro PNP. This platform may be applied in developing thermostable vaccines.
Population-level annotation of lncRNA transcription in Arabidopsis reveals extensive variation associated with transposable element-like silencing

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are understudied and underannotated in plants. In mammals, lncRNA loci are nearly as ubiquitous as protein-coding genes, and their expression is highly variable between individuals of the same species. Using Arabidopsis thaliana as a model, we aimed to understand the true scope of lncRNA transcription across plants from different regions and study its natural variation. We used transcriptome deep sequencing datasets spanning hundreds of natural accessions and several developmental stages to create a population-wide annotation of lncRNAs, revealing thousands of previously unannotated lncRNA loci. While lncRNA transcription is ubiquitous in the genome, most loci appear to be actively silenced and their expression is extremely variable between natural accessions. This high expression variability is largely caused by the high variability of repressive chromatin levels at lncRNA loci. High variability was particularly common for intergenic lncRNAs (lincRNAs), where pieces of transposable elements (TEs) present in 50% of these lincRNA loci are associated with increased silencing and variation, and such lncRNAs tend to be targeted by the TE silencing machinery. We create a population-wide lncRNA annotation in A. thaliana and improve our understanding of plant lncRNA genome biology, raising fundamental questions about what causes transcription and silencing across the genome. One-sentence summary lncRNA loci are plentiful in the A. thaliana genome, but their expression is extremely variable and largely repressed, with TE pieces enriched in intergenic lncRNAs aiding variability and silencing.