Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Diagnosis and predictability of intraseasonal characteristics of wet and dry spells over equatorial East Africa

Most of Eastern Africa has arid and semi-arid climate with high space-time variability in rainfall. The droughts are very common in this region, and often persist for several years, preceded or followed by extreme floods. Most of the livelihoods and socio-economic activities however remain rain-dependent leading to severe negative impacts during the periods of occurrence of climate extremes. It has been noted that one extreme event was capable of reversing national economic growth made over a period of several years. Thus no sustainable development can be attained in eastern Africa without effective mainstreaming of climate information in the development policies, plans and programmes. Many past studies in the region have focused on rainfall variability at seasonal, annual and decadal scales. Very little work has been done at intraseasonal timescale that is paramount to most agricultural applications. This study aims at filling this research gap, by investigating the structure of rainfall season in terms of the distribution of wet and dry spells and how this distribution varies in space and time at interannual time scale over Equatorial Eastern Africa. Prediction models for use in the early warning systems aimed at climate risk reduction were finally developed. The specific objectives of the study include, delineate and diagnose the some aspects of the distribution of the wet and dry spells at interannual timescale; investigate the linkages between the aspects of the distribution of wet and dry spells identified and dominant large scale climate fields that drive the global climate; and assess the predictability of the various aspects of wet and dry spells for the improvement of the use in the early warning systems of the region.Several datasets spanning a period of 40 years (1961 – 2000) were used. The data included gauged daily rainfall amount for the three Eastern Africa countries namely Kenya, Uganda, and Tanzania; Hadley Centre Sea Surface Temperature (SST); re-analysis data and radiosonde observations from Nairobi (Kenya) and Bangui (Central Africa Republic) upper air stations. The indices of El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO), Indian Ocean Dipole and SST gradients which constituted the predefined predictors were also used [. ]
Prosocial Behavior Among College Students: Gender Differences

: Prosocial behavior, which refers to voluntary actions intended to benefit others, is an important aspect of social behavior among college students. This study aimed to explore gender differences in prosocial behavior among college students using a Prosocial Behavior Battery. The participants were 130 college students (65 males and 65 females) all aged between 18-24 years, reflecting the unique developmental stage of emerging adulthood. The results revealed a significant difference in prosocial behavior between male and female college students, with females exhibiting a higher mean value compared to males. These intriguing results highlight the role of gender in shaping prosocial behavior among college students, with females demonstrating higher levels of Prosocial behavior. Further research is warranted to explore the underlying factors and mechanisms contributing to these gender differences, which may shed light on effective interventions to foster prosocial behavior in college settings.
Clothed Human Performance Capture with a Double-layer Neural Radiance Fields

This paper addresses the challenge of capturing performance for the clothed humans from sparse-view or monocular videos. Previous methods capture the performance of full humans with a personalized template or recover the garments from a single frame with static human poses. However, it is inconvenient to extract cloth semantics and capture clothing motion with one-piece template, while single frame-based methods may suffer from instable tracking across videos. To address these problems, we propose a novel method for human performance capture by tracking clothing and human body motion separately with a double-layer neural radiance fields (NeRFs). Specifically, we propose a double-layer NeRFsfor the body and garments, and track the densely deforming template of the clothing and body by jointly optimizing the deformation fields and the canonical double-layer NeRFs. In the optimization, we introduce a physics-aware cloth simulation network which can help generate physically plausible cloth dynamics and body-cloth interactions. Compared with existing methods, our method is fully differentiable and can capture both the body and clothing motion robustly from dynamic videos. Also, our method represents the clothing with an independent NeRFs, allowing us to model implicit fields of general clothes feasibly. The experimental evaluations validate its effectiveness on real multi-view or monocular videos.
Lithofacies and Sedimentology of the Miocene-Pliocene Ringold Formation, Hanford Site, South-Central Washington

The Miocene-Pliocene Rinsold Formation is one ofthe principal stratigraphic units vithin the suprabasah "unconfined" aquifer at fie Hanford Site in southcentral Washington. Consequently, undersunding the geology of the Ringold Fomation is nec€ssary for th€ accurate characterization and nodeling of groundwater flow and contaminant transport st Hanford. The Ringold Fornation is a conplexly interstralified s€quence of unconsolidated to semiconsolidated clay, silt, sand, and granule to cobble gravel. Evaluation of borehole g€oloeical and geophysical data and outcrops on and adjacent to the Hanford Site suggests that the most accurate m€$od for the study of Ringold sedinents is through the use of lithofacies. Six lilhofacies are defin€d using prinarily grain size data and borehol€ geophysical responses. These lirhofacies are: l) mud (M), 2) nud and snd (MS), 3) sand (SS), a) sand and granule to pebble gravel (SG), 5) sranule to pebble gravet (C), and 6) cobble to boulder gravel (CB). Analysis oflithofacies distributions and associarions reveal that: l) coarse-grained lithofacies (CB, G, SG, SS) tend to be concentrated along conplexly stacked, elongate fluvial chann€l tracts that displat a high degree of vertical interconnectedness, 2) fine-$ained lirhofacies(M, MS) tend to occupy relatively stable positions, and 3) individual lithofscies idenrified ar ih€ Hanfo.d Site tend to be discontinuous even over shon lateral distances. Based on the analysis of lithofaci€s distributions and associa, tions mo. € accurare appraisals of the hydrogeolosy of the Hanford Site are possible.
Market Segmentation: A Review

It is important to remain creative when conducting segmentation research, as many different ways to segment a market can exist. Five main bases are discussed: geographic, demographic, psychographic, behaviouristic and image. This is followed by an overview of the main techniques used to establish and verify segments, including automatic interaction detector, conjoint analysis, multidimensional scaling and canonical analysis.
Leveraging Proxy of Training Data for Test-Time Adaptation

We consider test-time adaptation (TTA), the task of adapting a trained model to an arbitrary test domain using unlabeled input data on-the-fly during testing. A common practice of TTA is to disre-gard data used in training due to large memory demand and privacy leakage. However, the training data are the only source of supervision. This motivates us to investigate a proper way of using them while minimizing the side effects. To this end, we propose two lightweight yet informative proxies of the training data and a TTA method fully exploiting them. One of the proxies is composed of a small number of images synthesized (hence, less privacy-sensitive) by data condensation which minimizes their domain-specificity to capture a general underlying structure over a wide spectrum of domains. Then, in TTA, they are translated into labeled test data by stylizing them to match styles of unlabeled test samples. This enables virtually supervised test-time training. The other proxy is inter-class relations of training data, which are transferred to target model during TTA. On four public benchmarks, our method outperforms the state-of-the-art ones at remarkably less computation and memory.
A New Development of the Theoretical and Experimental Treatment of the Lag of Dines Pressure Tube Exposed in Fluctuating Winds

The equation of motion of the float system in Dines pressure tube established first by S. IKEDA and corrected by the present author is compared with that given by SCHRENK for cupanemometer. The over-estimation factor of integrated record, under-estimation and phase-lag factor of peak indication are obtained by the graphical integration of the equation of motion for the pressure tube exposed in fluctuating winds, if the definition of SCHRENK'S parameter is extended to it. The effect of float inertia may safely be neglected. Experiments on the pressure tube, which is started from rest in the wind tunnel, or brought to rest in a still air, are conducted to determine the "SCHRENK'S parameter" for various piping conditions .
Inhibiting the Expression of Cyclin D1 Protein to Reduce the HBVDNA Level in CHB patients

HBV virus is now affecting over 400 million people worldwide. Chronic Hepatitis B (CHB) is one of the significant clinical symptoms of HBV infection. Previous studies have reported that antiviral therapy is a practical method for patients. However, the current treatment has reached a bottleneck due to economic burden and drug resistance. As a practical component in ligustrum lucidum, ursolic acid has been found to have an antiviral effect. This study focuses on one particular mechanism of its effect. It tests its function in reducing the expression of Cyclin D1 protein to provide a possible reason for its ability to inhibit cell proliferation.
Improvements in the Land and Crop Modeling Over Flooded Rice Fields by Incorporating the Shallow Paddy Water

Flooded rice paddies are important for modifying land surface energy and water budgets, especially in Asian countries. This study incorporated shallow paddy water into the Noah with Multi‐Parameterization (Noah‐MP) model to enhance its performance in capturing the distinct features of small Bowen ratios over flooded rice fields. The paddy surface water was parameterized as one integrated layer along with the top soil layer, and meteorological measurements from two crop sites in Japan, that is, SAITO (early rice) and SAGA (late rice), were employed for model evaluation at the field scale. The simulation results show that the model performance was significantly improved by combining the incorporation of paddy water and the calibration of rice crop parameters, particularly at SAGA. Compared with the reference run using the original version of Noah‐MP for SAGA, the underestimation in latent heat and the overestimation in sensible heat during daytime were decreased by ∼74 W m−2 (∼67%) and ∼92 W m−2 (∼55%), respectively. Approximately 60%–70% of this improvement was contributed by using calibrated rice crop parameters, while the rest of 30%–40% was from further incorporating paddy water. The decreased ground surface resistance owing to the presence of paddy water was crucial for capturing the features of small Bowen ratios. The observed water depth might help mitigate the underestimation of latent heat nonlinearly. This work may benefit the study of land‐atmosphere interactions and local and regional weather and climate in Asia with the widely used coupled Weather Research and Forecasting/Noah‐MP model.
Investigation of Life Studies and Social Studies Curriculum in the Context of Sustainable Development Goals

In this research, life studies and social studies course curricula were analyzed according to the sustainability goals of the United Nations Development Program (2016). The research was carried out with the qualitative research method. The research group is the 2018 life studies curriculum and primary school social studies curriculum. The data were accessed using the "document review" technique. Descriptive analysis was used in the analysis of the data. According to the findings of the research, it is the principle of “gapped health and wellbeing, responsible production and consumption” of the sustainability goals that the outcomes of the life studies and social studies course curriculum are the most. It has been determined that the number of outcomes related to goals such as "quality education, gender inequality" in both curriculums is low. The life studies and social studies course aims “to develop the individual’s life skills and to support him/her to be a good and responsible citizen. In this context, the results of the research showed that both courses were partially compatible and indirectly related to the UNSO (2016) objectives.
Social Cognition in Idiopathic Generalized Epilepsies and Nonlesional Temporal Lobe Epilepsy

Objectives. Social cognition (SC) is a multifaceted concept involving mental processes to understand, store, and apply information regarding social relationships. Brain lesions in key areas can impair critical components of SC, but seizures and epileptiform discharges could also be associated with deficits in SC. To verify this hypothesis, this study evaluated SC in persons with generalized or focal epilepsy without detectable brain lesion. Materials and Methods. Forty-eight adult persons with idiopathic generalized epilepsy (IGE) or temporal lobe epilepsy without brain lesion (cryptoTLE) and 24 healthy controls were evaluated by means of the Faux Pas Test (FPT), Social Situation Test (SST), Moral/Conventional Distinction Test (MCDT), and Empathy Questionnaire (EQ) which assess theory of mind (ToM), recognition of social behaviors and moral and conventional rules, and empathy. Clinical work-up included information on age at seizure onset, epilepsy duration, seizure symptoms and frequency, demographic characteristics, and the presence of comorbidities. Results. Compared to controls, persons with IGE or cryptoTLE were impaired in the understanding of existent faux pas on the FPT. On the SST, persons with cryptoTLE also showed significant deficits, whereas the IGE persons only were less accurate in recognizing normative behaviors. In cryptoTLE persons, the capacity to recognize cognitive and affective mental states correlated with seizure frequency and age, whereas, in IGE persons, the SST and MCDT scores correlated with schooling and age, respectively. Conclusions. CryptoTLE can cause extensive deficits in ToM and recognition of social situations, whereas IGE is only associated with deficits in fewer domains. Dysfunction of temporolimbic areas could be related to seizure frequency and associated with more severe SC impairment in cryptoTLE. Older age and poor education may be associated with SC deficits in focal or generalized epilepsy.
Pengaruh Mekanisme Corporate Governance terhadap kualitas laba

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meneliti pengaruh dari penerapan mekanisme corporate governance yang meliputi Komite audit,komisaris independen,kepemilikan institusional dan kepemilikan manajerial terhadap kualitas laba pada perusahaan manufaktur yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia.Penelitian ini mengambil sampel sebanyak 65 perusahaan dari sektor industri manufaktur yang terdaftar di bursa efek indonesia pada tahun 2009-2011. Desain penelitian adalah kuantitatif dengan hipotesis. Jenis data adalah data kuantitatif berupa laporan keuangan dan kualitatif berupa kepemilikan manajerial, dan kepemilikan institusional.Data penelitian berupa data panel. Sumber data ari situs Bursa Efek Indonesia (www.idx.co.id) dan Indonesian Capital Market Directory (ICMD). Objek penelitian adalah perusahaan manufaktur yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia dari tahun 2009-2011, dengan total sampel sebanyak 195 perusahaan. Teknik analisis data digunakan regresi linier berganda. Hasil yang diperoleh dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa keberadaan komite audit tidak berpengaruh terhadap kualitas laba,komposisi komisaris independen tidak berpengaruh terhadap kualitas laba, kepemilikan institusional tidak berpengaruh terhadap kualitas laba,kepemilikan manajerial tidak berpengaruh terhadap kualitas laba.
Etude des mouvements de convection dans une cavité rectangulaire soumise à un gradient de température horizontal

Etude de la convection d'un liquide a faible nombre de Prandtl dans une cavite dont le rapport longueur/hauteur est suffisamment grand pour permettre l'etablissement d'un ecoulement horizontal au centre de gravite. Courbe de stabilite neutre de cet ecoulement. Calcul des premieres solutions bifurquees
Sketching: a Cognitively inspired Compositional Theorem Prover that Learns

Vision & motivation: ​Theorem proving has important applications in hardware and software verification. In hardware verification, it has been used for integrated circuit design [7, 8]. For software verification, a major success with theorem provers has been with the creation of CertC; a verified compiler for C; [9]. In the past, companies like Intel have made major investments in formal methods to guarantee the processors they manufacture do not have major floating-point bugs -an important example of this is the Pentium FDIV bug in 1994 that cost them $500M [11]. As a consequence, theorem proving has been used to verify floating-point firmware [10]. But to effectively use this tool one requires highly trained human experts in the corresponding theorem prover and its area of application (e.g. using the HOL Light theorem prover for hardware verification). However, learnable automated theorem proving promises to revolutionize hardware and software verification by: 1) increasing the automatization of the challenging task of theorem proving and 2) by increasing the adaptability of such methods and therefore widening their use and applicability through learning. With this I envision that Nvidia can be a leader in this field by providing high quality verified GPU hardware, safe compilation of CUDA code, verified CUDA kernels, and exemplary verified interfaces of Nvidia GPU code for higher-level languages like python. With these vast immediately impactful applications I can see Nvidia leading the way to the highest quality products and saving millions of dollars in a fiercely competitive industry with increasing demands from gaming and deep learning applications. In addition, theorem proving has had a major role in human history with the development of the scientific method, mathematics and technology. Thus, the last major part of my vision is to further empower humanity with powerful automation tools that can take all those areas even further. In addition, with a system that is capable of learning its applications are nearly endless. For example, it could play the crucial role of guaranteeing safe AI. Nvidia can become one of the first to pave the way forward in this exciting field and have a long-lasting impact for a richer, safer future.
Manuscript Aberration-Aware Depth-from-Focus

—Computer vision methods for depth estimation usually use simple camera models with idealized optics. For modern machine learning approaches, this creates an issue when attempting to train deep networks with simulated data, especially for focus-sensitive tasks like Depth-from-Focus. In this work, we investigate the domain gap caused by off-axis aberrations that will affect the decision of the best-focused frame in a focal stack. We then explore bridging this domain gap through aberration-aware training (AAT). Our approach involves a lightweight network that models lens aberrations at different positions and focus distances, which is then integrated into the conventional network training pipeline. We evaluate the generality of network models on both synthetic and real-world data. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed AAT scheme can improve depth estimation accuracy without fine-tuning the model for different datasets. The code and models will be made publicly available.
Vygotskian Perspectives in Deaf Education: An Introduction in Two Movements

Abstract:Vygotsky's (1993) Fundamentals of Defectology is a radical's handbook of deaf and disability studies. Vygotsky's overall research program views disabilities, including deafness, from an integrated biosocial and critical theory standpoint. In two movements, I introduce an American Annals of the Deaf Special Issue on Vygotskian perspectives in deaf education focused mainly on his Defectology volume. Movement One describes Vygotsky's life, research, death, and posthumous impact by situating his deaf pedagogy research as one node in a network of defectological pedology, translated as applied special educational psychology. Movement Two describes how Vygotsky's project has been extended, synthesized, and developed in modern and postmodern contexts of deaf education and disability studies. Throughout, I synthesize Vygotsky's claims and update his terms by juxtaposing them with contemporary terms and theories to provide sociohistorical context for the new scholarship comprising this Special Issue's unique contribution to Vygotskian deaf research.
Status of Biofilm Production and Vancomycin Resistance in Enterococcus in the Rural Population of Mathura, India

Introduction Hospital-acquired or nosocomial infections caused by the rapidly emerging bacteria vancomycin-resistant enterococci can be dangerous and even fatal. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the presence of enterococci in various clinical specimens along with their vancomycin resistance status and biofilm-producing capabilities. Methods A total of 164 Enterococcus species were isolated and further included in this study. Isolation and identification were done by the standard bacteriological procedure, antibiotic susceptibility testingwas done by clinical laboratory standard guidelines, and biofilm production test was done by microtiter plate methods. Results Among the total of 164 isolates, Enterococcus faecalis constituted 60.97% and Enterococcus faecium constituted 39.02%. Maximum isolates were from urine samples. The prevalence of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus was 6.70%, and 18.29% of Enterococcus isolates were biofilm producers. The sensitivity among the biofilm producers was maximum for linezolid (87.33%), followed by teicoplanin (86.43%) and vancomycin (79.64%). Conclusion High prevalence of enterococci was found in urine samples and biofilm producers Enterococcus isolates were more antibiotic-resistant than non-biofilm producers.