Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
LAG LENGTH SELECTION FOR UNIT ROOT TESTS IN THE PRESENCE OF NONSTATIONARY VOLATILITY By

A number of recently published papers have focused on the problem of testing for a unit root in the case where the driving shocks may be unconditionally heteroskedastic. These papers have, however, assumed that the lag length in the unit root test regression is a deterministic function of the sample size, rather than data-determined, the latter being standard empirical practice. In this paper we investigate the finite sample impact of unconditional heteroskedasticity on conventional data-dependent methods of lag selection in augmented Dickey-Fuller type unit root test regressions and propose new lag selection criteria which allow for the presence of heteroskedasticity in the shocks. We show that standard lag selection methods show a tendency to over-fit the lag order under heteroskedasticity, which results in significant power losses in the (wild bootstrap implementation of the) augmented Dickey-Fuller tests under the alternative. The new lag selection criteria we propose are shown to avoid this problem yet deliver unit roots with almost identical finite sample size and power properties as the corresponding tests based on conventional lag selection methods when the shocks are homoskedastic.
ACCIDENTS AT THREE-ARM PRIORITY JUNCTIONS ON URBAN SINGLE-CARRIAGEWAY ROADS

The report gives the findings of a study of accident risk based on a national stratified sample of 980 urban three-arm priority junctions on single carriageway roads (2699 personal injury accidents). The study includes roads with 30 mph or 40 mph speed limits and sites with and without pedestrian crossings. Tabulations are given showing accident frequencies, severities and rates by road type and region. The accidents are also tabulated by accident group, road user involvement and number of casualties per accident. The main objective of the study was to investigate the frequency and character of accidents in relation to traffic flow, road features, layout, geometry, land use and other variables. Accident frequencies by accident group were related to the explanatory variables using the techniques of generalised linear modelling. (A)
Investigating the origins of fluctuation forces on plates immersed in turbulent flows

A net force can arise on objects which lie in systems with complex energy partitions, even if the system is on average stationary. These forces are usually called fluctuation forces, as they arise due to the objects modifying the character of the fluctuations within the system. We continue the investigation of Spandan \emph{et al.}, \textit{Sci. Adv. , 6(14), eaba0461} (2020), who found an attractive fluctuation force between two parallel square plates in homogeneous isotropic turbulence (HIT). We conduct simulations which systematically vary the plate size and Reynolds number. At $Re_\lambda=100$ small plates show a monotonic force dependence, with a maximum force for the smallest plate separations, while medium and large plates show a non-monotonic behaviour of the force with maximum attractive force at intermediate separations. We find that energy-related statistics cannot explain the dependence on plate separation of the force, but that statistics related to vorticity do show qualitative variations around the plate separation corresponding to the maximum force. This suggests that the role of plates in affecting intense vorticity structures is critical to the behaviour of the force. By decreasing $Re_\lambda$, we show that removing vortex stretching decreases the attractive force, but does not completely eliminate it, and find that the local maximum at intermediate distances becomes a local minimum. This confirms that the attractive force is related to vorticity, while suggesting that a second mechanism is present -- supporting the proposal for a two-fold origin from earlier work: the plates both restrict the presence of energy structures in the slit and pack intense vortical structures which stretch each other causing the pressure to drop.
Exploring the Impact of a Positive Psychology Intervention with Latina/o Adolescents.

Latina/o adolescents may begin middle school with lower levels of life satisfaction, hope, and self-compassion. In the current study, a small-series (N = 5) single-case research design was implemented to evaluate the impact of a positive psychology group counseling experience to increase Latina/o adolescents’ life satisfaction, hope, and selfcompassion. Analysis of participants’ scores on outcome measures yielded treatment effects indicating that the positive psychology group counseling experience may be effective for increasing hope, life satisfaction, and self-compassion. Given that the positive psychology approach was a promising approach for improving Latina/o adolescents’ positive outcomes, implications for school counselors to integrate positive psychology into treatment processes are presented.
Theoretical and observed quality factor of gravitational quadrupoles

Useful insights into the complicated physics of gravitational waves can often be drawn from approximations to analogous physics of electromagnetic waves. Here, we present a gravitational form of the electromagnetic Chu limit that sets bounds on the achievable Q (quality factor) relating the ratio of stored energy to radiated energy in the underlying fields. In particular, we answer two fundamental physics questions: (1) what is the theoretical Q for gravitational quadrupole radiation sources, and (2) can gravitational Q be observed from recent measured astronomical data? Gravitational Q is shown to follow an inverse seventh-order power law, and gravitational-wave data is used to find observed values of Q for GW170817. Inasmuch as electromagnetic Q serves a central role in design and analysis of electrically-small antennas, the proposed gravitational Q offers the potential for a similar utility in the design and analysis of gravitationally-small detectors and quadrupoles.
Dobbin, Nicholas ORCID logoORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7508- 1683 (2022) Sprint mechanical properties of professional rugby league play-

BACKGROUND: This study determined the influence of playing standard, age, and position on the horizontal force-velocity (FV) properties of rugby league players, and the association with other characteristics. METHODS: This observational study used a cross-sectional design with a range of physical characteristics recorded from 132 players from 5 Super League clubs. Sprint data was used to derived theoretical maximal force (F 0 ) and velocity (V 0 ), power (P max ), maximal rate of force (RF max ) and the rate of decrease in RF max (D RF ). Differences between playing standard, age groups and playing positions were determined (P value and standardised mean difference (SMD) along with correlational analysis to assess the relationship between FV properties and key physical characteristics. RESULTS: Senior players reported lower split time (SMD = -0.26--0.59, P =0.002-0.017), absolute F 0 , P max and V 0 (SMD = 0.47-0.78, P <0.001-0.010). Players aged <21 years reported higher split times and lower absolute F 0 compared to 21-26 years (SMD = -0.84--0.56, P <0.001-0.04) and a lower V 0 than >26 years (SMD = -0.40, P =0.002). Hit-up forwards were slower than outside backs (SMD = -0.30--0.89, P <0.001-0.042), though produced the highest absolute F 0 and P max . Split times F 0 , V 0 , P max and RF max were associated with change of direction and countermovement jump performance, whilst FV slope and D RF were associated with countermovement jump performance. F 0 and P max were associated with medicine ball throw distance ( r = 0.302-0371, P = ≤0.001). There was no association with prone Yo-Yo IR1 distance ( r = -0.16-0.09, P =0.060-0.615). CONCLUSIONS: These results provide insight into the horizontal FV properties with reference to key sub-groups, and highlights several associations with other characteristics across large sample of rugby league
Hallucinogenic persisting perception disorder in neuronal networks with adaptation

We study the spatiotemporal dynamics of neuronal networks with spike frequency adaptation. In particular, we compare the effects of adaptation being either a linear or nonlinear function of neural activity. We find that altering parameters controlling the strength of synaptic connections in the network can lead to spatially structured activity suggestive of symptoms of hallucinogenic persisting perception disorder (HPPD). First, we study how both networks track spatially homogeneous flickering stimuli, and find input is encoded as continuous at lower flicker frequencies when the network’s synapses exhibit more net excitation. Mainly, we study instabilities of stimulus–driven traveling pulse solutions, representative of visual trailing phenomena common to HPPD patients. Visual trails are reported as discrete afterimages in the wake of a moving input. Thus, we analyze several solutions arising in response to moving inputs in both networks: an ON state, stimulus–locked pulses, and traveling breathers. We find traveling breathers can arise in both networks when an input moves beyond a critical speed. These possible neural substrates of visual trails occur at slower speeds when the modulation of synaptic connectivity is increased. Z.P. Kilpatrick Department of Mathematics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA E-mail: zpkilpat@pitt.edu G.B. Ermentrout University Professor of Computational Biology, Professor, Department of Mathematics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
6. A Corpus Study of Grammatical Negation in US Presidents’ Inaugural Speeches

Durán, J. M. 2023. A Corpus Study of Grammatical Negation in US Presidents’ Inaugural Speeches. In: Roitman, M. (ed.) Negatives and Meaning: Social Setting and Pragmatic Effects: Using Negatives in Political Discourse, Social Media and Oral Interaction, pp. 145–176. Stockholm: Stockholm University Press. DOI: https://doi.org /10.16993/bcd.f. License: CC BY 4.0. 6. A Corpus Study of Grammatical Negation in US Presidents’ Inaugural Speeches José Manuel Durán
Repeating slip events at a circular asperity: Numerical simulation with a rate-and state-dependent friction law

I perform numerical simulation of slip process on a two-dimensional planar fault in an infinite uniform elastic medium using a rateand state-dependent friction law. A circular patch with velocity-weakening frictional property is embedded in the fault, while velocity-strengthening frictional property is assumed in the other region. Simulation results indicate that slip events repeatedly occur at the velocity-weakening patch and slower slip propagates outwards in the velocity-strengthening region. The characteristics of simulated slip on the fault patch are controlled by the ratio of the patch radius r to the critical fault radius rc, which is the critical nucleation patch radius for unstable slip, and is defined as a function of frictional constitutive parameters. When r rc, ordinary earthquakes with high slip rates repeatedly occur at the fault patch and postseismic aseismic slip follows on the fault outside the patch. When r rc, episodic aseismic slip events (silent earthquakes) occur. The rise time of the episodic event increases with a decrease in r/rc. When r rc, stable sliding occurs. These results indicate that the rc value can be estimated from geodetically determined values of the fault radius and the source duration of an episodic aseismic slip event.
Punitive Damages: An Economic Analysis

Punitive damages law is one of the more controversial features of the American legal system. Trial and appellate courts have been struggling for many years to develop a coherent set of principles for assessing when punitive damages should be awarded, and at what level. In this Article Professors Polinsky and Shavell use economic reasoning to provide a relatively simple set of principles for answering these questions, given the goals of deterrence and punishment. With respect to the deterrence objective, upon which their Article focuses, their main point is that punitive damages ordinarily should be awarded if, but only if, an injurer has a significant chance of escaping liability for the harm he caused. When this condition holds, punitive damages are needed to offset the deterrence-diluting effect of the chance of escaping liability. (They mention as well a deterrence rationale for punitive damages that does not rest on the possibility of escape from liability -- that punitive damages may be needed to remove the socially illicit gains that individuals obtain from malicious acts.) Professors Polinsky and Shavell also discuss the tension between the implications of the deterrence objective and present punitive damage law, including the law's emphasis on the reprehensibility of a defendant's conduct and on a defendant's wealth. With respect to the punishment objective, Professors Polinsky and Shavell stress that the imposition of punitive damages on corporations may fail to serve its intended purpose (although the imposition of punitive damages on individual defendants accomplishes punishment in a straightforward manner). This is primarily because the payment of punitive damage awards by corporations often does not lead to greater punishment of culpable employees, but instead punishes the corporation's shareholders and customers.
Birmingham The challenge of relational referents in early word extensions: Evidence from noun-noun compounds.

Young children struggle more with mapping novel words onto relational referents (e.g., verbs) compared to non-relational referents (e.g., nouns). We present further evidence for this notion by investigating children ’ s extensions of noun-noun compounds, which map onto combinations of non-relational referents, i.e., objects (e.g., baby and bottle for baby bottle ), and relations (e.g., a bottle FOR babies ). We tested two-to five-year-olds ’ and adults ’ generalisations of novel compounds composed of novel (e.g., kig donka ) or familiar (e.g., star hat ) nouns that were combined by one of two relations (e.g., donka that has a kig attached (=attachment relation) versus donka that stores a kig (=function relation)). Participants chose between a relational (shared relation) and a non-relational (same colour) match. Results showed a developmental shift from encoding non-relational aspects (colour) towards relations of compound referents, supporting the challenge of relational word referents. Also, attachment relations were more frequently encoded than function relations.
Effect of propolis as additive on some behavioural patterns, performance and blood parameters in Muscovy broiler ducks.

Forty Muscovy ducklings of one day old were used in this study. They were brooded together for 3 weeks and then were randomly divided into two groups, 20 ducklings per each. Each group was housed in a well ventilated, previously cleaned, disinfected and well bedded with saw dust 3 x 3 m pen. Birds were maintained at 33 °C using gas heater and the temperature was gradually reduced by 3 °C / week until 21 °C was reached and then continued to the end of the experiment. Continuous lighting program with 23 hours light to one hour dark was maintained by the natural day light and a 60 watt bulb that placed centrally in each pen at 2 meters height above the heads of birds. Birds were daily fed ad-libitum on a commercial duck broiler starter ration up to 3 weeks of age and on a duck broiler grower finisher ration till 12 weeks old. The first group was fed on these diets without any supplements and used as a control group, however, the second one was fed the finisher rations provided and thoroughly mixed with ethanol extracted propolis at a rate of 2 gm / Kg of diet. Water was freely available allover the experiment. Behaviour, performance and blood parameters of the experimented birds were carried out. Obtained results indicated that use of propolis as a natural feed additive reflected on ducks with a reduction in stress behaviour, increased growth performance, increased immune response and resistance and improved welfare through improving the physical health state.
The association between Corporate Social Responsibility and Earnings Quality : Evidence from Extractive Industry

Building on the ethical theory to solve the research questions, we examine the relationship between Corporate Social Responsibility Disclosure (CSRD) and Earnings Quality (EQ). Using 368 firm-year observations covering the 2010-2017 period. In so doing, we applied content analysis to assess the CSRD dimensions, and we applied discretionary accruals as a proxy of EQ activity. Based on panel data regression, we find a significant and negative relationship between CSRD and EQ in Mozambican extractive industry. Empirical evidence also shows that the influence of positive CSRD indicator (CSRD strengths scores) is much stronger than that negative CSRD indicator (CSRD concerns scores) in reducing earnings quality. These findings are consistent with the idea that the opportunistic managers use CSRD to reach their particular interest, suggesting that the managers are using CSRD as a strategic device to engage in earnings management (poorer earnings quality). The results are robust to alternative proxy measures of CSRD and earnings quality. ©2018 ASEPUC. Published by EDITUM Universidad de Murcia. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD SCIENCE

Organic amendments can improve grassland productivity. Timothy and tall fescue were sown on a sandy loam and a coarse sand at Særheim, Norway, in September 2016 and on a loamy sand at Skierniewice, Poland, in April 2017, and cut and fertilised according to normal practices for the two regions from 2017 to 2019. At both sites, 0.75 kg DM m-2 of either digested or undigested manure (the latter with or without 2.9 kg biochar m-2) were incorporated prior to sowing. On the coarse sand at Særheim, total seasonal tall fescue yield in 2018 was 46–60% higher in the organic amendment treatments, and total seasonal timothy yield in the digestate treatment was 97% higher, than in the control treatment for the same species with only mineral fertiliser. On the sandy loam at Særheim and the loamy sand at Skierniewice, none of the amendments resulted in significant yield increments. These results indicate a clear effect on soil type on grassland biomass response to organic amendments.
Sedimentation on the Cantabrian Continental Margin from Late Oligocene to Quaternary

Memoria de tesis doctoral presentada por Jorge Iglesias Crespo para optar al grado de Doctor por la Universitade de Vigo, realizada bajo la direccion de la Dra. Gemma Ercilla Zarraga del Institut de Ciencies del Mar (ICM-CSIC) y de la Dra Soledad Garcia Gil de la Universidade de Vigo. -- 185 pages
University of Birmingham The experiences of homeless youth when using strengths profiling to identify their character strengths

Individuals, particularly those considered “hard-to-reach,” often engage well with assessment tools that involve active dialogue and the co-construction of knowledge. Strengths proﬁling is one such tool that enables a person-centered and autonomy supportive approach to the identiﬁcation of character strengths. Strength proﬁling is an adaptation of performance proﬁling used in sport psychology, which has not yet been utilized in broader psychological research or clinical practice. Supporting an individual by raising awareness of their personal character strengths is an effective and growing mechanism for promoting psychological well-being. Strengths proﬁling involves several stages of exploring, deﬁning, and assessing character strengths, leading to the identiﬁcation of signature strengths and goals for future development. Informed by personal construct theory, the present study explored the experiences of homeless young people living in sheltered accommodation ( N = 116), when using strengths proﬁling at the start and end of a 10-week, strengths-based intervention. Mixed-method data was obtained from the strengths proﬁles, questionnaires measuring resilience, self-worth, and well-being, and diary entries. Findings revealed a rich array of character strength terminology and individual meanings. Participants found strengths proﬁling to be highly engaging, particularly due to their active role in strength identiﬁcation, which prompted interesting and meaningful reﬂections on character strengths that were pertinent to them. Participants felt their signature strengths were vital protective factors within their lives and strengths proﬁles were correlated with resilience, self-worth, and well-being. Character strengths and resilience were also signiﬁcantly and meaningfully improved pre/post-intervention, providing support for the use of strengths proﬁling as a tool for monitoring change in character strength perceptions. Overall, this study demonstrates the utility and versatility of strengths proﬁling as a new method in the discipline of positive psychology and strengths-based research and applied practice.
Development of extreme ultraviolet scatterometer using multiple orders of high-harmonic generation

Abstract. We developed an extreme ultraviolet (EUV) scatterometer equipped with a table-top EUV source for the characterization of nanoscale grating lines. Appropriate orders of high-harmonic generation at wavelengths ranging from 25 to 35 nm are selected as the coherent light source for high-resolution spatial performance. It is shown that the grating surface profile significantly affects the scattered diffraction intensities and can be retrieved by the structure reconstruction algorithms using inverse modeling by rigorous coupled wave analysis.
Risk to ash from emerald ash borer: can biological control prevent the loss of ash stands?

Ash trees (Fraxinus spp.) are an important components of both natural forests and urban plantings in the United States and Canada (Federal Register, 2003; Nowak et al., 2003). There are approximately 16 species of Fraxinus native to North America (Harlow et al., 1996; USGS, 2014), each adapted to different ecological niches across a range of climates zones, soil types, and moisture gradients (Eyre, 1980). This abundant and diverse ash resource provides economic benefits, with ash timber alone valued at $282 billion (Nowak et al., 2003). For instance, green ash (F. pennsylvanica Marsh.), the most widely distributed ash in North America, is a fast growing, moderately shade tolerant tree that grows in mixed hardwood stands along river bottoms and wetlands, in small lowland groves, or in upland mesic sites. It was planted extensively throughout North America as an ornamental landscape and street tree due to its rapid growth and hardiness, and as agricultural shelterbelts for livestock shelter and soil conservation (MacFarlane and Meyer, 2005; DOrangeville et al., 2008). Ash trees are also a valuable ecological component of the deciduous forests of eastern North America, and provide food, cover, nesting sites, and habitat for mammals, birds, insects, and other organisms (Poland and McCullough, 2006; Gandhi and Herms, 2010; Koenig et al., 2013).
BIOCAP CANADA Adapting Forest Management to the Impacts of Climate Change in Canada Mark Johnston, Saskatchewan Research Council (Principal Researcher) Tim Williamson, Canadian Forest Service, Northern Forestry Centre David Price, Canadian Forest Service, Northern Forestry Centre Dave Spittlehouse, 

2006-04-19 BIOCAP CANADA Adapting Forest Management to the Impacts of Climate Change in Canada Mark Johnston, Saskatchewan Research Council (Principal Researcher) Tim Williamson, Canadian Forest Service, Northern Forestry Centre David Price, Canadian Forest Service, Northern Forestry Centre Dave Spittlehouse, British Columbia Ministry of Forests Adam Wellstead, C-CIARN Forest Sector, Canadian Forest Service, Northern Forestry Centre Paul Gray, Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources Dan Scott, University of Waterloo Sue Askew, Graduate Student, UBC Shelley Webber, C-CIARN Forest Sector March 2006