Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Microwave Photonics: Devices and Applications

Microwave photonics is an important interdisciplinary field that, amongst a host of other benefits, enables engineers to implement new functions in microwave systems. With contributions from leading experts, Microwave Photonics: Devices and Applications explores this rapidly developing discipline. It bridges a gap between microwave and photonic engineering, providing an accessible interpretation of the current available research material and a detailed introduction to various aspects of the area. Opening with an overview to the subject, this book covers direct modulation, photonic oscillators for THz signal generation, and terahertz sources. It takes a unique application- focused approach and describes: analogue fibre-optic links; fibre radio technology; microwave photonic signal processing; measurement of microwave photonic components, and; biomedical applications. This text is ideal for practising microwave and fibre optics communication engineers wishing to improve their knowledge, and for researchers and graduate students wanting an overview of the subject.
Improved Cross Frame Details for Steel Bridges

Cross frames are critical members for the stability of straight and curved steel bridges. Conventional cross frames are often fabricated from steel angles; however these members have relatively poor structural behavior. Because of the low buckling strength, cross frames with angle diagonals are often designed as tension-only systems, therefore increasing the necessary steel. The angles are also connected through one leg resulting in eccentric connections causing bending of the members and potentially reducing the fatigue performance. Improved behavior may result if concentric members are utilized for the cross frames. The increased buckling strength of tubes and double angles results in effective members in both tension and compression, and a single diagonal cross frame can provide effective bracing. Although there are structural advantages of utilizing concentric members, a suitable connection must be developed. Tubes are often connected by slitting the tube in the center and welding to a connection plate, which requires precise fabrication and relatively poor fatigue behavior. One proposed solution is to use a steel casting designed to connect easily to the beams and to seal the end of the tube (preventing exposure to atmospheric conditions). In addition, the report covers in detail the categorization of the single angle detail for both X and K frame configurations. To date, the determination of the single angle fatigue detail has been largely based on component tests only. The project incorporated both component and full-scale cross frame fatigues tests to fully examine the interaction of the cross frame members with the overall structure. Finally, the project also examined the stiffness behavior of cross frames, using a combination of full-scale laboratory tests and computational finite element model analysis.
The runaway train

Children can enjoy their favourite story, time and time again, with this brilliant picture book with audio. The Little Red Train is now available in a wide range of exciting formats with an app and ebooks, as well as the traditional picture book. Chuff-chuff, chuffity chuff, whoo.oo. oo! The Little Red Train has set off down the track without sleepy-head Duffy Driver! Poor Duffy tries everything to catch up - he hitches a lift on a lorry, clambers aboard a motor boat, grabs the chance to ride a tractor and finally makes a heroic leap from a speeding helicopter! At last Duffy is safely back in the driver's cab, just in time for the Little Red Train to pull into the station at Sandy-on-Sea for a lovely, LAZY afternoon. PHEW!
A SIMPLIFIED APPLICATION OF FUZZY SET THEORY FOR THE EVALUATION OF PAVEMENT ROUGHNESS

Pavement roughness is a measure of ride quality. It may be objectively measured by devices such as laser profilers and expressed in indices such as the International Roughness Index (IRI). However, the ride quality to which roughness may be related may be subjectively estimated by panel ratings which provide the perception of road users on the quality of the pavements. Considering recent research, there is a need to link these two items - that is, roughness and ride quality - for example by developing suitable models. However, the ambiguity included in the panel ratings requires special consideration. Fuzzy set theory is an approach by which such ambiguity may be taken into account in the development of such a model. This paper uses such an approach in a simplified manner and shows how subjective panel ratings can be correlated to objective technology-based measurements of roughness. A regression analysis is also used to evaluate the models developed, which is based on the data sets considered. The findings of the present work show that the application of fuzzy set theory provides an enhanced method of considering subjective data acquired from panels of road users in the development of models that link road travel quality with roughness. (a)
Distance learning during COVID-19 in Afghanistan: Challenges and opportunities

This study examined students’ attitudes toward distance learning, and its relationship with the duration of using Telegram and schooling. It specifically explored students’ experiences of the challenges and opportunities that distance learning created during the COVID-19 pandemic. Accordingly, two null hypotheses were formulated: (1) there is no significant relationship between students’ attitudes toward distance learning and the duration of using Telegram; and (2) there is no significant relationship between students’ attitudes towards distance learning and the duration of schooling. Data were collected from a survey questionnaire and in-depth semi-structured interviews with students from the English Department of Herat University, Afghanistan. The quantitative data were analyzed using SPSS, an independent samples t-test, and ANOVA. The results of the t-test showed that the first hypothesis should be accepted, meaning there is no relationship between students’ attitudes toward e-learning and years of Telegram use. Further, the one-way ANOVA test showed that the second null hypothesis was affirmed. Moreover, the qualitative findings indicated that distance learning via Telegram is associated with context-specific challenges and several opportunities.
EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF THE HYDRAULICS OF SMALL CIRCULAR HOLES IN WATER PIPES.

In recent years, a number of field studies on the effect of pressure on leakage in distribution systems have shown that the leakage exponent can vary between 0.5 (the theoretical value for an orifice) and around 2.79. The median value is approximately 1.15. This paper reports on the results of an experimental study into the behaviour of small circular holes in plastic pipes. Variables studied included pipe material, leak size, surrounding media and pressure fluctuations. It was found that leaks discharging into air show good correspondence with the theory, but differ significantly from the behaviour of leaks discharging into water or glass beads. Other findings of the study include that pressure fluctuations do not have a significant effect on the leak behaviour, the classification of the opening (as an orifice, tube or pipe) is important and a discontinuity in the pressure / flow relationship that occurs for holes classified as tubes. It is suspected that the discontinuity is caused by separation of the fluid stream from the tube wall, effectively changing it into an orifice.
Railways and Spanish economic growth in the late 19th century

﻿The object of this thesis is to examine the contribution of Spanish railways to accelerated economic growth in the period. 1855-1913. Although it has not been estimated, there is reason to believe that there was some growth in the period before the 20th century but, from all accounts, it was constrained by an inefficient, highly seasonal and costly road transportation system. The contribution of railways will be assessed in three ways, First, by estimating the cost of the non-construction of the railway network through an estimate of the social savings. This estimate suggested that the contribution cf railways accounted for 12 per cent of Spain's national income in 1878 and 23 per cent in 1912. I/hen the full employment assumption embodied in these calculations is released, social savings diminished to the 'plausible' level of 7.5 per cent in 1878. Second, as consumers of iron and steel, railways had little linkage effects on the iron industry because they imported the bulk of the iron required to lay down the network. The implications of an alternative policy which protected the local iron industry from the begiiining of railway expansion are treated at length. Railways had, on the other hand, important feedback effects upon the domestic coal production and one fifth of the coal mined in Spain was consumed by railways. Thirdly, connections between railways and the spread of the market reveal that they were a fundamental factor in the integration of the home market. Railways carried increasing volumes of grain, flour, wine and coal consumed in Spain.
Earf-YOLO:A Model for Recognizing Zhuang Minority Patterns Based on YOLOv3

With reference to the limitations of YOLOv3 in recognizing symbols on Zhuang pattern, such as slow detection speed, unable to detect small object, and inaccurate positioning of bounding box, we propose a new model: Earf-YOLO (Efficient Attention Receptive Field You only look once) in this paper. In EarF-YOLO, we present an attention module: CBEAM (Convolution Block Efficient Attention Module) at first, which provides feature maps from channel and spatial dimensions. In CBEAM module, a local cross-channel interaction strategy without reducing dimensionality is used to improve the performance of the convolutional neural network. Besides, we put forward the SRFB (Strength Receptive Field Block) structure. During its training, more branch structures will be generated to enrich the feature space of the convolutional block. During its prediction, the multi-branched structures will be reparametrized and fused into one main branch to improve the performance of the model. Finally, we adopt some advanced training techniques to improve the detection performance. Experiments on the dataset of Zhuang patterns and the COCO dataset show that the Earf-YOLO model can effectively reduce the error of the prediction box and the ground-truth box, and decrease the calculation time. The mAP value of this model on the dataset of Zhuang patterns and on the COCO dataset reaches 82.1 (IoU=0.5) and 62.14 (IoU=0.5) respectively.
Safety Effects of Marked Versus Unmarked Crosswalks at Uncontrolled Locations: Analysis of Pedestrian Crashes in 30 Cities

Pedestrians are legitimate users of the transportation system and they should, therefore, be able to use the system safely. Pedestrian needs in crossing streets should be identified, and appropriate solutions should be selected to improve pedestrian safety and access. Deciding where to mark crosswalks is only one consideration in meeting that objective. This study involved an analysis of 5 years of pedestrian crashes at 1,000 marked crosswalks and 1,000 matched unmarked comparison sites. None of the sites in this study had a traffic signal or stop sign on the approaches. Detailed data were collected on traffic volume, pedestrian exposure, number of lanes, type of median, speed limit, and other site variables. Poisson and negative binomial regressive models were used. Study results revealed that on two-lane roads the presence of a marked crosswalk alone at an uncontrolled location was associated with no difference in pedestrian crash rate, compared with an unmarked crosswalk. Further, on multilane roads with traffic volumes above about 12,000 vehicles per day, having a marked crosswalk was associated with a higher pedestrian crash rate (after controlling for other site factors) compared with an unmarked crosswalk. Raised medians provided significantly lower pedestrian crash rates on multilane roads, compared with roads without a raised median. Older pedestrians had crashes that were high relative to their crossing exposure. More substantial improvements were recommended to provide for safer pedestrian crossings, including adding traffic signals (with pedestrian signals) when warranted, providing raised medians, and implementing speed-reducing measures.
RINGING LOAD MODELS VERIFIED AGAINST EXPERIMENTS

What is believed to be the main reason for discrepancies between measured and simulated loads in previous studies has been assessed. One has focused on the balance between second- and third-order load components in relation to what the authors have called "fat body" load correction. It is important to understand that the use of Morison strip theory in combination with second-order wave theory give rise to second- as well as third-order components in the horizontal force. A proper balance between second- and third- order components in horizontal force is regarded as the most central requirements for a sufficient accurate ringing load model in irregular seas. It is also verified that simulated second-order components are largely over predicted both in regular and irregular seas. Non- slender diffraction effects are important to incorporate in the FNV formulation in order to reduce the simulated second-order component and to match experiments more closely. A sufficient accurate ringing simulation model with the use of simplified methods is shown to be within close reach. Some further development and experimental verification must however be performed in order to take non-slender effects into account.
Rapid Assessment Process: An Introduction

Preface and Acknowledgments Introduction Chapter One: To RAP or Not to RAP and the Basic Concepts Chapter Two: Data Collection: Triangulation and Getting the Insider's Perspective Chapter Three: Iterative Analysis and Additional Data Collection Chapter Four: Teamwork: Polish State Farms and the Community College Chapter Five: Trusting RAP Chapter Six: Successful RAP Chapter Seven: Who Benefits, Who Pays, and Who Calls the Tune Chapter Eight: The RAP Family Tree Appendix A. Executive Summary, Community College RAP Appendix B. Executive Summary, Polish State Farms RAP Appendix C. Learning to RAP Appendix D. Glossary of Terms References
Pharmacogenetic Study

Prospective observational study. The clinical response to therapy in CD was assessed after three moths of infliximab initiation (4th infliximab infusion). The therapy was considered as effective when CDAI (Crohn Disease Activity Index) decreased in more than 70 points compared to the pre-infliximab (basal) score or clinical remission when CDAI index was below 150 points. Biological response was evaluated at 3, 6 and 12 months after infliximab commencement by measuring the CRP (C-reactive protein) level and considering a positive response when CRP decreased in more than 25% compared to basal levels. Gene polymorphism was determined using the Kbioscience chemistry based on competitive allele-specific PCR (KASPAR). A 7500F real time termocycler was used for PCR and plate reading (Applied Biosystems, Foster City, CA, USA). All patients included in the study received a starting dose of infliximab 5 mg / kg at 0, 2 and 6 weeks after the start and then a maintenance dose every 8 weeks. Statistical analysis of the data was performed using the Epidat 3.1 program considering p <0.05 as statistically significant.
PROBIOTIC COMPOSITION OF FERMENTED COW MILK AND SOY MILK EFFECT ON EPIDERMAL GROWTH FACTOR AND EPIDERMAL THICKNESS IN FEMALE WISTAR RATS

Isoflavone has an effect on countering the progression of skin aging, while probiotics boost the absorption of nutrients and maintain the skin tissue. Fermentation of isoflavone might be more beneficial for inducing cytokine system and boosting the skin regeneration. There is limited information about the difference of effect between the various formulation of fermented cow milk and soy milk towards the skin regeneration via epidermal growth factor (EGF) signaling. Twenty-five female rats were divided into 5 group for 12 weeks supplementation of fermented soy and cow milk by oral gavaging. Specific probiotics composition was utilized for fermenting formulation cow and soymilk consist ( Lactobacillus bulgaricus, Streptococcus thermophiles, Lactobacillus acidophilus, and Bifidobacterium bifidum ). Our data showed that there are different characteristics of stool and its macroscopic appearance after different probiotics composition of fermented milk treatment. Histology results showed that the epidermal skin thickness was found higher in every treatment group. Similar results are found from EGF protein levels. Fermented cow milk with Bifidobacterium bifidum and Lactobacillus acidophilus were found to have a thicker epidermal and higher level of EGF protein level. Milk fermented by Bifidobacterium bifidum showed the most significant effect in regenerating skin tissue. Therefore, it might prevent the skin aging process compared to the other formulations. Compared to conventional fermented milk, the composition of soy milk might enhance this positive effect of fermented milk on the skin.
Implementasi Model Pembelajaran Kooperatif Jigsaw I Untuk Meningkatkan Aktivitas dan Hasil Belajar Passing Control Sepak Bola

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan aktivitas dan hasil belajar teknik dasar passing control sepak bola melalui implementasi model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe jigsaw I pada siswa kelas X Ilmu Sosial 3 SMA Negeri 2 Singaraja. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian tindakan kelas yaitu guru sebagai peneliti. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan dalam dua siklus yang terdiri dari tahapan perencanaan, tindakan, observasi/evaluasi, dan refleksi. Subyek penelitian adalah siswa kelas X Ilmu Sosial 3 SMA Negeri 2 Singaraja yang berjumlah 26 orang yaitu 23 orang putra dan 3 orang putri. Data dianalisis menggunakan statistik deskriptif. Berdasarkan hasil analisis data untuk aktivitas belajar teknik dasar passing control sepak bola pada observasi awal sebesar 5,62 (cukup aktif), pada siklus I meningkat menjadi 6,43 (cukup aktif), dan pada siklus II meningkat menjadi 8,22 (aktif). Sedangkan presentase ketuntasan hasil belajar teknik dasar passing control sepak bola pada observasi awal sebesar 11,54% (sangat kurang), pada siklus I meningkat menjadi 73,08% (cukup baik), dan pada siklus II meningkat menjadi 96,15% (sangat baik). Berdasarkan hasil analisis data dan pembahasan disimpulkan bahwa aktivitas dan hasil belajar teknik dasar passing control sepak bola meningkat melalui implementasi model pembelajaran kooperaitf tipe jigsaw I pada siswa kelas X Ilmu Sosial 3 SMA Negeri 2 Singaraja tahun pelajaran 2013/2014. Kata Kunci : Jigsaw I, Ativitas, Hasil Belajar, Sepak Bola. This study aims to improve the activity and results of learning the basic techniques of football passing control through the implementation of cooperative learning model jigsaw I to class X Social Science 3 senior high school 2 Singaraja. This research is a classroom action research is teacher as researcher. This study was conducted in two cycles consisting of stages of planning, action, observation/evaluation, and reflection. Subjects were students of class X Social Science 3 senior high school 2 Singaraja, amounting to 26 men with 23 sons and 3 daughters. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Based on the analysis of data for activity learning the basic techniques of soccer passing control to 5.62 at the beginning of the observation (quite active), in the first cycle increased to 6.43 (moderately active), and the second cycle increased to 8.22 (active). While the percentage of completeness results learned the basic techniques of passing control to the football preliminary observations at 11.54% (very less), in the first cycle increased to 73.08% (quite good), and the second cycle increased to 96.15% (excellent). Based on the analysis of data and discussion of the results concluded that the activity and learn the basic techniques of soccer passing control increased through the implementation of learning model kooperaitf jigsaw type I in X Social Science class 3 senior high school 2 Singaraja academic year 2013/2014. keyword : Jigsaw I, activities, learning outcomes, football.
INCIPIENT MOTION CRITERIA OF UNIFORM GRAVEL BED UNDER FALLING SPHERES AND NATURAL STONES IMPACT IN OPEN CHANNEL FLOWS

The investigation on the incipient motion of sediment transport is crucial for controlling the stability of the channel bed and banks in responding to the prevention of the hazard to life and infrastructure worldwide. In particular, sediment transport in the mountainous area when there was heavy rainfall. Debris flow frequently occurs and can lead some rocks or boulders from hillslope into the riverbed. This phenomenon could add additional force to sediment transport of riverbed and also affect and change the magnitude of sediment moving. Here we present a study aimed at quantifying the effect of those rocks and boulders on the riverbed. The spheres and natural stone have been used to simulate the rocks and boulders from debris flows moving to the riverbed. In this study, the effects of the falling sphere and natural stone on the gravel bed were investigated for the condition where sediment nearly to the incipient motion condition. Based on the results obtained, the motion of sediment particle under the impact of the falling sphere and natural stone were interpreted using the Shields curve. The size, weight, and shape of the falling sphere and natural stone have significant effects on the movement condition of the sediment bed. In addition, the relationship between drag force and movement length of the sphere and stone was plotted. The saltation trajectories and the frequency of the maximum saltation height, saltation length, and rolling length of the sediment bed were investigated.
The effect of geometric imperfections on the mechanical response of isotropic closed-cell plate-lattices

Cubic+octet plate-lattices, whose unit cell comprises plates aligned along simple-cubic and face-centered-cubic planes of crystal structures, have attracted scientists and engineers because of their isotropic, near-optimal mass-specific performance that reaches theoretical upper bounds on stiffness and strength at low density. While their structural efficiency has been recently examined analytically, numerically and experimentally, their sensitivity to geometric imperfections has remained elusive. Here, using finite element simulations, we present sensitivity of the macroscopic mechanical properties of the plate-lattices to two types of geometric imperfections: namely, periodically distributed defects, characterizing plate waviness and displaced intersections, and randomly dispersed defects, representing missing plates, observed in their additively manufactured samples. Our results show that the randomly dispersed imperfections lead to a greater reduction in the Young’s modulus and yield strength than its counterpart across all relative densities under consideration, while their scaling relations with the relative density remains linear, confirming their structural efficiency attributed to stretching-dominated behavior even with the presence of the imperfections. This study sheds light on previously elusive sensitivity of the plate-lattices to the geometric imperfections and provides understanding of their defect-dependent mechanical performance.