Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Validating the Five-Item World Health Organization Well-Being Index

Purpose: Research on the psychological well-being of caregivers of children diagnosed with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) suggests that the well-being of parents and caregivers has been negatively affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. Although the psychological well-being of caregivers is a major concern, few validated well-being measures exist for caregivers of children diagnosed with ADHD. Therefore, a valid self-report scale is needed to assess well-being during the pandemic. The brief Five-Item World Health Organization Well-Being Index (WHO-5) has previously been used in studies on caregivers. However, its validity in this population remains unknown. This study aimed to evaluate the reliability and construct validity of the WHO-5 with caregivers of children with ADHD. Methods: A cross-sectional anonymous online survey was conducted in Norway. The study recruited caregivers from a community sample during the COVID-19 pandemic. This was carried out to investigate the construct validity by exploring the relationship between well-being, quality of life, social support, self-reported psychological distress, and perceived stress. Results: The findings of unidimensionality and high internal consistency, together with the results from the hypothesis testing, demonstrate the reliability and construct validity of the Norwegian version of the WHO-5 in this population. Conclusions: This study provides the first empirical evidence of the validity and reliability of the WHO-5 from a sample of Norwegian caregivers of children diagnosed with ADHD, with excellent reliability and construct validity. The scale can be used to systematize the measurement of well-being in caregivers because of its brevity and good psychometric properties, making it a valuable resource in research settings and assisting healthcare professionals in their crucial work of caring for caregivers.
Indigenous Sami Family Caregivers’ Experiences With Accessing and Collaborating With Municipal Health and Care Services

Previous research has indicated that Indigenous Sami families in Norway use public home-based care services less often than their non-Sami peers. Based on qualitative interviews with Sami family caregivers, we explore what they experience as barriers to accessing public care services for older adults living with dementia, and how they experience collaborating with care services providers. Through a reflexive thematic approach, we identified that rather than a cultural norm of “taking care of one’s own,” the underuse of public care services among Sami families were related to several intertwined circumstances. The Sami family caregivers reported barriers to accessing public care, such as lack of familiarity with the services and cultural and language concerns and the legacy of history, and drivers for continuing family care, such as blurred distribution of responsibility, lack of continuity of care, and culturally unsafe caring environments and marginalizing practices.
Factors Associated with the Uptake of Antenatal Tetanus Toxoids Containing Vaccine by First-Time Mothers in Nigeria: Findings from the 2018 Nigerian Demographic Health Survey

Background Maternal and neonatal tetanus remains a public health problem in low-and-middle-income countries despite the increasing investment in tetanus toxoid containing vaccines (TTCV). Nigeria still records fatalities from tetanus, predominantly in women of reproductive age and in newborns. This is largely due to poor access to vaccinations and high rates of unsupervised labour and childbirth. We aim to investigate the antenatal uptake of TTCV and associated factors among first-time pregnant women in Nigeria. Methods Data obtained from the 2018 Nigeria Demographic Health Survey (NDHS) was used to generate a list of eligible patients who in the last five years had undergone their first childbirth experience. Data was analysed using univariable and multivariable analyses and reported using a 95% confidence interval. Results A total of 3640 participants were included in the analysis. 59.6% (95% CI, 57.6-61.8) of participants had received at least two doses of TTCV. Uptake of TTCV irrespective of current marital status was independently associated with number of and place of antenatal care. Other factors associated with receiving two doses of TTCV in all participants were ownership of mobile phones and region of residence. Among the currently married participants, wealth quintiles, region of residence, and having a polygamous family were additional associated factors. Conclusion There was low uptake of the minimal required dosage of TTCV among first-time pregnant women with the lowest uptake in Northern regions relative to Southern regions. We recommend mixed methods studies to further explore the motivation behind TTCV uptake in pregnant women which can help guide future policies and interventions to improve uptake of tetanus immunization in Nigeria.
EFFECT OF HOT WATER TREATMENT ON POSTHARVEST QUALITY OF CUCUMBER FRUITS.

This study was carried out on the cultivar Primo of cucumber to evaluate a range of hot water temperature as a dipping method at different time to control decay and on storability of fruits during 1998-1999 and 1999-2000 seasons. Cucumber fruits weight loss and decay percentages and pitting increased, whereas firmness and chlorophyll content were decreased with the prolongation of storage period. T.S. S. content increased till its peaks at 6 days then decreased till the end of storage period. The results indicated that cucumber fruits immersion in hot water at 43 ْ C for 6 min. and 48 ْ C for 3 or 6 min. controlled decay without causing external heat injury. However, dipping at 53 or 58 ْ C hot water for 1 or 2 min. increase cucumber susceptibility to postharvest decay and resulted in heat injury characterized by well defined pitted and poor appearance. Dipping cucumber fruits in hot water treatment led to increase the percentage of weight loss, maintained fruit firmness and delayed the losses in chlorophyll during storage when compared with unheated control. Using hot water at 48 ْ C for 3 or 6 min. followed by 43 ْ C for 6 min. was the most obvious one in this regard These results showed that hot water treatment was effective in controlling postharvest decay organisms and in maintaining physical and chemical quality and should be considered as a non-chemical control for decay during storage of cucumber fruits.
Students' ideal career in the 4.0 Industrial

This study aims to analyze quantitatively the factors that affect the career planning of students in the Industrial 4.0 era. A sample of 381 students was taken using a proportional random sampling technique. The data were analyzed using the SEM technique with the help of the SEM AMOS 24.0 program. The results show that career center management, entrepreneurship personality, family environment, entrepreneurship education, and entrepreneurship intention contributed both directly and indirectly to student career planning in the Industry 4.0 era, both partially and simultaneously. The results also indicate that entrepreneurship personality is the variable that has the most significant contribution to encouraging students' intention to have a career as an entrepreneur. The research contribution shows that providing appropriate entrepreneurship education, supporting the performance of career center management, strengthening the entrepreneurship personality, and strengthening the role of the family environment, increases student intention in planning careers as entrepreneurs in the 4.0 industrial era.
Experimental study of the fine-scale structure of conserved scalar mixing in turbulent shear flows. Part 2. Sc≈1

Results are presented from an experimental study into the fine-scale structure of generic, Sc≈1, dynamically passive, conserved scalar fields in turbulent shear flows. The investigation was based on highly resolved, two-dimensional imaging of laser Rayleigh scattering, with measurements obtained in the self-similar far field of an axisymmetric coflowing turbulent jet of propane issuing into air at local outer-scale Reynolds numbers Reδ≡uδ/v of 11000 and 14000. The resolution and signal quality of these measurements allowed direct differentiation of the scalar field data ζ(x, t) to determine the instantaneous scalar energy dissipation rate field (Re Sc)−1∇ζ·∇ζ(x, t). Results show that, as for large-Sc scalars (Buch & Dahm 1996), the scalar dissipation rate field consists entirely of strained, laminar, sheet-like diffusion layers, despite the fact that at Sc≈1 the scale on which these layers are folded by vorticity gradients is comparable to the layer thickness. Good agreement is found between the measured internal structure of these layers and the self-similar local solution of the scalar transport equation for a spatially uniform but time-varying strain field. The self-similar distribution of dissipation layer thicknesses shows that the ratio of maximum to minimum thicknesses is only 3 at these conditions. The local dissipation layer thickness is related to the local outer scale as λD/δ ≡ΛRe−3/4δ Sc−1/2, with the average thickness found to be 〈Λ〉=11.2, with both the largest and smallest layer thicknesses following Kolmogorov Re−3/4δ) scaling.
INTERACTION AMONG IRRIGATION INTERVALS AND N LEVELS IN CORN Zea mays L. NEW APPROACH FOR EVALUATING INTERACTION

Two field experiments were carried out in Belcas, Dakhalia governorate, Egypt, during 1998 and 1999 on corn S.C. 10, to study the effect of four irrigation intervals 7, 12, 17 and 22 days, and four N levels, viz 80, 90, 100, 110 kg/fed. And their interaction. A strip plot design with four replicates was used, where the whole and sub plots were devoted to the levels of irrigation and N, respectively. Results showed that, mostly positive effects were detected as intervals were shortened and N levels were increased. The highest yield was observed on combination gathered irrigation every 12 day with N 110 , which yielded 33.3 and 33.7 ard/fed. in 1998 and 1999, respectively. Equilibirity among combinations of the interaction was achieved. A scale was suggested for classifying studied traits according to their response percentage to the interaction. Such scale included five categories A,B,C,D and E. Days to 50% silking, 100-kernel weight, P% and K% in grains showed high response % category “A”, meanwhile, no. of rows/ear showed no response %, category “E”. Grain yield/fed. was arranged in “B” category, “medium response”. Water use efficiency seemed to be increased as irrigation interval was shortened. efficiency was 1.09, 1.10, 0.93. 0.82 kg/m 3 for intervals 7, 12, 17 and 22 days, respectively.
Analysis Of The Preparedness Of The Royal Prima Marelan Hospital In Facing The Spike In COVID-19 Cases

The number of cases of COVID-19 in various countries has led to soaring needs in the health care system and has resulted in overcrowding of hospitals, so that when the wider community has to stay at home to take care of themselves, the opposite happens to health workers who work, they still have to serving COVID-19 patients. This study aims to analyze the preparedness model carried out by the Medan Marelan Hospital in the face of the COVID-19 spike. This study used a cross sectional study design. The population in this study were all employees of the Royal Prima Marelan Hospital Medan with a total of 113 people, the sample was taken using quota sampling, where at the Royal Prima Marelan Hospital there were as many as 60 people, the data analysis used Univariate, Bivariate and Multivariate. The independent variables that have an effect in this study are the attitude of preparedness variable, management planning and management evaluation, and the variables that have no effect in this study are the knowledge of Covid-19 variable, management implementation, and management follow-up. The independent variable in this study that has the most influence on hospital preparedness in dealing with the COVID-19 spike is the management evaluation variable.
Differences in Clinical Presentations of Omicron Infections with the Lineages BA.2 and BA.5 in Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania, Germany, between April and July 2022

Knowledge on differences in the severity and symptoms of infections with the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variants BA.2 (Pango lineage B.1.529.2) and BA.5 (Pango lineage B.1.529.5) is still scarce. We investigated epidemiological data available from the public health authorities in Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania, Northeast Germany, between April and July 2022 retrospectively. Comparative analyses revealed significant differences between recorded symptoms of BA.2 and BA.5 infected individuals and found strong correlations of associations between symptoms. In particular, the symptoms ‘chills or sweating’, ‘freeze’ and ‘runny nose’ were more frequently reported in BA.2 infections. In contrast, ‘other clinical symptoms’ appeared more frequently in Omicron infections with BA.5. However, the results obtained in this study provide no evidence that BA.5 has a higher pathogenicity or causes a more severe course of infection than BA.2. To our knowledge, this is the first report on clinical differences between the current Omicron variants BA.2 and BA.5 using public health data. Our study highlights the value of timely investigations of data collected by public health authorities to gather detailed information on the clinical presentation of different SARS-CoV-2 subvariants at an early stage.
Lidocaine reduces pain behaviors by inhibiting the expression of Nav1.7 and Nav1.8 and diminishing sympathetic sprouting in SNI rats

Chronic neuropathic pain is a significant clinical challenge, and the mechanisms of neuropathic pain remain elusive. Previous studies have shown that spontaneous potential, which is triggered by Nav1.7 and Nav1.8 in the dorsal root ganglion (DRG), is crucial for the development of inflammatory and neuropathic pain. Functional coupling between the sympathetic nervous system and somatosensory nerves after a nerve injury has also been noted as an important factor in neuropathic pain. However, the relationship of sympathetic sprouting with Nav1.7 and Nav1.8 remains unclear. Therefore, we dynamically examined the mechanical withdrawal threshold (MWT), changes in Nav1.7 and Nav1.8, and sympathetic sprouting after lidocaine treatment in the spared nerve injury (SNI) model of rats. After lidocaine treatment, the MWT obviously increased, showing that hypersensitivity was significantly relieved and the abnormal expression of Nav1.7 and Nav1.8 caused by SNI was also significantly reduced. In addition, lidocaine distinctly inhibited sympathetic nerve sprouting and basket formation around the Nav1.7 and Nav1.8 neurons in the DRG. These results indicate that lidocaine may alleviate neuropathic pain by inhibiting the expression of Nav1.7 and Nav1.8, and diminishing sympathetic sprouting in DRG.
The Importance of the Bursa of Fabricius, B Cells and T Cells for the Pathogenesis of Marek’s Disease: A Review

The importance of the bursa of Fabricius (BF) for the pathogenesis of Marek’s disease (MD) has been studied since the late 1960’s. In this review, the results of these studies are analyzed in the context of the developing knowledge of the immune system of chickens and the pathogenesis of MD from 1968 to 2022. Based on the available techniques to interfere with the development of the BF, three distinct periods are identified and discussed. During the initial period between 1968 and 1977, the use of neonatal bursectomy, chemical methods and irradiation were the main tools to interfere with the B lymphocyte development. The application of these techniques resulted in contradictory results from no effects to an increase or decrease in MD incidence. Starting in the late 1970’s, the use of bursectomy in 18-day-old embryos led to the development of the “Cornell model” for the pathogenesis of MD, in which the infection of B lymphocytes is an important first step in MD virus (MDV) replication causing the activation of thymus-derived lymphocytes (T cells). Following this model, these activated T cells, but not resting T cells, are susceptible to MDV infection and subsequent transformation. Finally, B-cell knockout chickens lacking the J gene segment of the IgY heavy chain gene were used to further define the role of the BF in the pathogenesis of MD.
Fossil diatoms and Biostratigraphy of the lower Karewa formation of Kashmir

During the course of geological mapping of the Karewa sediments of Kashmir to assess the economic potentialities of diatomaceous earth, the author collected nearly one thousand samples from 32 measured sections. The samples were analysed for fossil diatoms. The study has indicated that while the lower Karewa is very rich in fossil diatoms, the upper Karewa is devoid of them. It is further observed that there is a uniformity in the trend of distribution and assemblages of fossil diatoms in the lower Karewa beds. Based on these two factors, the lower Karewa is divided into two biozones, the lower - Centrales Assemblage Zone, characterized by the predominance of centric diatoms and the upper – Pennales Assemblage Zone, characterized by the predominance of pennate diatoms.
IMPROVING WATER USE EFFICIENCY USING DRIP AND SPRINKLER IRRIGATION TO GROW POTATOES AT TWO LOCATIONS IN THE NEW VALLEY.

These experiments were conducted at El- Kharga and El-Dakhla Oases (latitude 25.45 and 25.48 o N respectively) at the governrate of New Valley during the fall/winter seasons of 1996/1997 and 1997/1998. Two potato cultivars (Draga and Diamant) were planted and irrigated using the trickle irrigation system at two irrigation regimes (30 and 60 min daily = 840 and 1680 m 3 / season). The sprinkler irrigation system was tested at 30 min daily level (1680 m 3 / season) vs the drip irrigation regimes at Dakhla location only. The strong winds resulted in an irregular distribution of the sprinkled water. That lead to an even potato plant growth and a low total and marketable yield. Some physical and chemical characteristics of the soils and water of the two locations were conducted. The combined analysis of variance over the two seasons indicated that the use of the trickle irrigation system at 60 min. resulted in improving the yield of the tow potato cultivars. Sowing Diamant cv. resulted in more yields, than Draga cv. at the two locations. However, the water use efficiency was higher in the 30-min irrigation regime and it is advisable to be used there to increase the cultivated land and total yield. Finally the Dakhla location was superior to the Kharga location which may be due to differences in soil fertility and water quality.
The role of emotional bonding in mediating destination image on tourist loyalty

Destination image has become an interesting issue in tourism research, but empirically, the study about destination image relationship and tourist loyalty show diverse result. This study aims to analyse the effect of destination image on loyalty. This study uses quantitative methods. Data collection was carried out using a survey method with questionnaire to tourism visitors. One hundred and ten respondents have been selected as respondent, and path analysis carried out the data analysis.The results showed that the destination's image affected emotional bonding, and emotional bonding mediated the destination image impact on tourist loyalty.The study was only based on Trenggalek city, East Java Province, Indonesia, and therefore, the results cannot be generalised. The study proves that the emotional bonding variable can replace the role of satisfaction in mediating the effect of destination image on tourist loyalty. The results of this research can be used as a basis for tourism marketers to design marketing strategy to improve consumer intention to revisit the tourism destination. Several studies of the destination image influence on tourist intention to visit have been carried out. However, research that specifically discusses the role of tourist emotional bonding in the influence of destination image on tourist loyalty has not been widely discussed. Keywords: tourism, destination image, emotional bonding, tourist loyalty
Factors Contributing to Forest Degradation in the Mountainous Tropical Forest: A Case Study of the Mutis-Timau Forest Complex, Indonesia

ABSTRACT The Mutis-Timau Forest Complex, one of the remaining mountainous tropical forest areas in Timor Island, eastern Indonesia, has been exposed to significant deforestation and forest degradation. Numerous studies have highlighted the factors affecting deforestation. However, information about the factors influencing forest degradation at the local scope is still limited. To address this gap, we analyzed the factors contributing to forest degradation during the 1999–2017 period in the Mutis-Timau Forest Complex using a spatial statistical approach. We developed logistic regression using the forest degradation data obtained from forest canopy density time series maps as dependent variables and the spatial representation of the factors contributing to forest degradation, namely distance to the settlement, distance to the road, distance to agriculture, distance to the river, distance to the savanna, distance to the forest edge, slope, elevation, population density, and forest management unit, as independent variables. Our finding showed the increase in distance to the forest edge and elevation would decrease the likelihood of forest degradation, whereas the probability of forest degradation increases in forest located far from the river and the settlement. Such findings are important for the forest authority in prioritizing actions for combating forest degradation and designing appropriate forest-related policies and supporting data for reducing carbon emissions from forest degradation implementation or other incentive schemes in reducing forest degradation.
A new rhizome-like structure from near Jowai, Jaintia Hills, Meghalaya

92° 25° GULERIA (1992) listed a large number of plant megafossils from the Tertiary of Northeast portion of India. Awasthi and Mehrotra (1993, 1995. t997). Awasthi et aL. (1994), Prakash el aL. (1994), Choudhury et al. ([997), Mehrotra and Mandaokar (1998. 2000), Mehrotra (2000), Mehrotra el aL. (1998, 1999) and Tiwari and Mehrotra (2000) added further to the list. But there is no record of occurrence of plant megafossils from the laintia Hills District. Recently, the author collected for the first time several fragmentary compressions from the area; one of these is a new rhizome-like structure described in the present communication as Rhizocaliloll paLaeoceniclI1I/ gen. et sp. nov. It was collected from Buruai Colliery which is about 38 km East of lowai Town, Meghalaya and 8 km from Sutnga on Shangpung-Sutnga Road (Fig. I). The laintia Hills have Lower Tertiary sediments of the laintia Group. A generalized succession is given in Fig. 2. The Then'ia Sandstone Formation considered as Upper Palaeocene in age is exposed there and comprises chiefly ferruginous. pyriteous sandstones and carbonaceous shales with thin coal streaks. The plant fossils are observed in carbonaceous shales which are grey in colour. INTRODUCTION