Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Plasma waves and fine structure emission bands within a plasmapause density cavity source region

We report observations of plasma waves and banded fine structure within a density cavity in the terrestrial nightside plasmapause. The observations were obtained by the wideband receiver of the plasma wave instrument on board the Polar spacecraft. We can identify Langmuir/upper hybrid emission and Z‐mode emission within two distinct frequency zones of the density cavity source region. These observations appear to be consistent with eigenmode trapping of partially electrostatic waves. The plasma waves appear to be trapped within the density cavity bounded at low frequencies by the L = 0 surface. A second distinct region of plasma waves exists bounded at low frequencies by f = fpe (plasma frequency), but includes Z‐mode at higher frequencies up to f = fUH (upper hybrid frequency). Intense fine structure emission bands are observed in both regions of the density cavity. We conclude that density cavities are an important source of plasma waves including continuum and kilometric continuum emission and the fine structure can be a remote diagnostic of density structures within the plasmapause/plasmasphere region.
DNS on turbulent heat transfer of viscoelastic fluid flow in a plane channel with transverse rectangular orifices

Heat-transfer characteristics of a viscoelastic turbulence past rectangular orifices were investigated in the context of the reduction effects of fluid elasticity on drag and heat transfer. To simulate the fully-developed channel flow through transverse orifices located periodically at intervals of 6.4 times channel height, we imposed periodic conditions at the upstream and downstream boundaries. To discuss the dissimilarity between the velocity and thermal fields, the molecular Prandtl number was set to be 1.0 and any temperature dependence of the fluid and rheological properties was not considered. In the present condition, the ratio of the reduction rates in drag and heat transfer was found to be 2.8:1.0, revealing that the present flow configuration is better than a smooth channel for avoiding the heat-transfer reduction. This phenomenon was attributed to the sustainment of the quasi-streamwise vortex downstream of the reattachment point despite the absence of strong spanwise vortices emanating from the orifice edge in the viscoelastic fluid. The longitudinal vortices behind the reattachment point caused a high turbulent heat flux and increased the local Nusselt number.
Multimode Pulsations of the λ Bootis Star 29 Cygni: The 1995 and 1996 Multisite Campaigns

In this paper we present the results of multisite photometric and spectroscopic campaigns, carried out during the years 1995 and 1996, to study the pulsations of a typical λ Bootis star, 29 Cyg. During the 1995 campaign we found well-defined multiperiodicity in 29 Cyg, which was studied in detail during a multilongitude campaign covering a 65 day time interval in 1996. The frequency analysis of the 1996 campaign's data easily revealed 11 excited low ℓ degree modes with frequencies of oscillation ranging from 20.3 to 37.4 cycles day-1 and mean photometric amplitudes ranging from 10.65 to 0.96 mmag in the V filter. After removing the well-identified frequencies, the discrete Fourier transform of the residuals showed excess power in the 20-40 cycle day-1 domain, which indicates the probable existence of unresolved rich p-mode spectra with photometric V amplitudes below 0.5 mmag. We found a regular spacing of 2.41 cycles day-1 within the modes of 29 Cyg, which was interpreted as the spacing of consecutive even and odd ℓ-values. The asteroseismic luminosity log L/L⊙ = 1.12, calculated from the frequency spacing, is in good agreement with the Hipparcos luminosity log L/L⊙ = 1.16 and with luminosities from photometric and spectroscopic calibrations. Using our multicolor photometry we tentatively identified the dominant f1 = 37.425 cycle day-1 mode as an ℓ = 2, n = 5 mode, and made radial overtone identification for all frequencies. These ranged from n = 2 to 5. Analysis of the photometric data shows the long-term (years) and probable short-term (days) variability of amplitudes for all of these modes in 29 Cyg. Using our multicolor WBVR filter photometry, we found the wavelength dependence of the pulsation amplitudes for the five highest amplitude modes. Based on the Hα line radial velocity observations of 29 Cyg, we detected multiperiodic radial velocity variations with frequencies of 38.36 and 29.99 cycles day-1 and semiamplitudes of 1.0 and 0.8 km s-1, respectively. These frequencies coincide within the errors with the photometric frequencies of the two highest amplitude modes, 37.425 and 29.775 cycles day-1. For the highest amplitude ℓ = 2, n = 5 mode (37.425 cycles day-1), the radial velocity-to-light amplitude ratio and velocity-to-light phase shift are equal to 2K(Hα)/ΔV = 94 km mag-1 s-1 and Φf1 = ϕ - ϕV = +0.08 ± 0.01, respectively, and are in good agreement with values for δ Scuti stars. The rich multiperiodic spectrum makes 29 Cyg a promising target for future multisite campaigns.
The temporal structure of intensity scintillations near the magnetic equator

The temporal structure of weak and strong intensity scintillations observed with a geostationary satellite at 249 MHz near the magnetic equator is studied. It is shown that for weak intensity scintillations, the power spectra exhibit an asymptote immediately beyond the Fresnel frequency, which signifies a power law variation of power spectral density with frequency yielding spectral indices ranging between −3 and −3.5. By the use of simultaneous irregularity drift measurements, it is found that the power law portion of the spectrum for weak scintillations is caused by F region irregularities in the scale length range of about 700 m to 100 m. On the other hand, for strong intensity scintillations, the asymptote signifies a somewhat higher spectral index ranging between −3 and −4.5. Considering both weak and strong scintillations, an average spectral index of −3.5 is obtained which is found to be consistent with the average one-dimensional in situ spectral index for irregularities with scale lengths less than 1 km. In addition, it is shown that for strong intensity scintillations, a substantial decrease of the correlation time occurs which is dictated not only by the increased strength of scattering but by the increased irregularity drift as well. At 249 MHz the shortest correlation length transverse to the propagation path is found to be about 70 m near the magnetic equator. This is a factor of 5 larger than the corresponding value obtained away from the equator near the crest of the equatorial anomaly at Ascension Island.
Evaluation of Precipitating Hydrometeor Parameterizations in a Single-Moment Bulk Microphysics Scheme for Deep Convective Systems over the Tropical Central Pacific

AbstractCloud microphysics of deep convective systems over the tropical central Pacific simulated by a cloud system–resolving model using satellite simulators are evaluated in terms of the joint histogram of cloud-top temperature and precipitation echo-top heights. A control experiment shows an underestimation of stratiform precipitation and a higher frequency of precipitating deep clouds with top heights higher than 12 km when compared with data from the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission. The comparison shows good agreement for horizontal distribution and statistical cloud size distributions of deep convective systems. Biases in the joint histogram are improved by changing cloud microphysics parameters of a single-moment bulk microphysics scheme. The effects of size distribution of precipitating hydrometeors are examined. Modification of the particle size distributions of rain, snow, and graupel size distributions based on observed relationships improves cloud precipitation statistics. This study impli.
Calculation of High-Lift Cascades in Low Pressure Turbine Conditions Using a Three-Equation Model

A three-equation model has been applied to the prediction of separation-induced transition in high-lift low-Reynolds-number cascade flows. Classical turbulence models fail to predict accurately laminar separation and turbulent reattachment, and usually overpredict the separation length, the main reason for this being the slow rise of the turbulent kinetic energy in the early stage of the separation process. The proposed approach is based on solving an additional transport equation for the so-called laminar kinetic energy, which allows the increase in the nonturbulent fluctuations in the pretransitional and transitional region to be taken into account. The model is derived from that of Lardeau et al. (2004, "Modelling Bypass Transition With Low-Reynolds-Number Non-Linear Eddy-Viscosity Closure, " Flow, Turbul. Combust., 73, pp. 49―76), which was originally formulated to predict bypass transition for attached flows, subject to a wide range of freestream turbulence intensity. A new production term is proposed, based on the mean shear and a laminar eddy-viscosity concept. After a validation of the model for a flat-plate boundary layer, subjected to an adverse pressure gradient, the T106 and T2 cascades, recently tested at the von Karman Institute, are selected as test cases to assess the ability of the model to predict the flow around high-lift cascades in conditions representative of those in low-pressure turbines. Good agreement with experimental data, in terms of blade-load distributions, separation onset, reattachment locations, and losses, is found over a wide range of Reynolds-number values.
The statistical significance of the low cosmic microwave background mulitipoles

The Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) has measured lower amplitudes for the temperature quadrupole and octopole anisotropies than expected in the best fitting (concordance) A-dominated cold dark matter (ACDM) cosmology. Some authors have argued that this discrepancy may require new physics. However, the statistical significance of this result is not clear. Some authors have applied frequentist arguments and claim that the discrepancy would occur by chance about 1 time in 700, if the concordance model is correct. Other authors have used Bayesian arguments to claim that the data show marginal evidence for new physics. I investigate these confusing and apparently conflicting claims in this Letter using a frequentist analysis and a simplified Bayesian analysis. On either analysis, I conclude that the WMAP results are consistent with the concordance ACDM model.
Comparison of modified Ziehl Neelsen staining technique with antigen detection using ELISA in the diagnosis of Cryptosporidiosis at a tertiary hospital in North-Western Nigeria

Cryptosporidiosis is a diarrhoeal disease caused by Cryptosporidium species. It has become a more recognised pathogen especially in immunocompromised patients. It is an important opportunistic infection responsible for significant morbidity and mortality in Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and AIDS patients. The main aim of this study is to compare microscopy using modified Ziehl-Neelsen (MZN) with ELISA in the detection of Cryptosporidium in stool. The study was conducted at the HIV treatment clinic in Ahmadu Bello University Teaching hospital. It was a prospective and cross-sectional type. A total of 183 stool samples were collected and processed for the detection of the Cryptosporidium oocyst using modified Zeihl Neelsen stain and the antigen using ELISA. Kappa test was used which showed strong agreement between the two methods in the detection of Cryptosporidium in stool. Out of the 183 stool samples analysed, MZN stain identified 7 (3.8%) while ELISA identified 9 (4.9%) of the Cryptosporidia. The sensitivity, specificity, negative predictive value and positive predictive value of ELISA as compared to MZN for the detection of Cryptosporidium were 66.9, 99.4, 98.3 and 85.7%, respectively. This study showed that both MZN and ELISA can be used in the detection of Cryptosporidium in stool samples, even though ELISA had a higher specificity than MZN.
Analysis of Two-dimensional Scattering by a Periodic Array of Conducting Cylinders Using the Method of Auxiliary Sources

A linear array constituted by a flnite number of conducting cylinders is modelled via the conventional method of auxiliary sources (MAS). Initially, the global coupling relating cylinders permits the near and far flelds calculation. Finally, taking into account partial coupling describing neighbouring cylinders leads to a partially fllled matrix, so therefore the computational cost is signiflcantly reduced. Global and partial coupling reveals the same results for the chosen arrays.
Oxidation resistance of protective coatings studied by spectroscopic ellipsometry

Spectroscopic ellipsometry is applied to determine the oxidation resistance of TiN and CrN coatings. This technique proves to provide accurate measurements of the oxide layer thickness in a convenient, fast, and nondestructive manner. The magnetron-sputtered thin films were heated in air in the temperature range between 673 and 925 K. The verification with scanning electron microscopy and x-ray reflectometry shows an excellent agreement between these complementary techniques. The rate constant k of the oxidation is directly related to the film morphology in TiN thin films. While understoichiometric films with a dense fine-grained structure exhibit a moderate k of 4 nm2/s at 773 K, overstoichiometric films with a pronounced columnar structure oxidized over seven times faster. The nonstoichiometry in TiNy and CrNy leads to a reduced activation energy for oxidation compared to stoichiometric compounds.
Some notes on the method of moving planes

In this paper, we obtain a version of the sliding plane method of Gidas, Ni and Nirenberg which applies to domains with no smoothness condition on the boundary. The method obtains results on the symmetry of positive solutions of boundary value problems for nonlinear elliptic equations. We also show how our techniques apply to some problems on half spaces.
Wavelength Dependence of InGaN Laser Diode Characteristics

InGaN multi-quantum-well-structure laser diodes (LDs) with an emission wavelength of longer than 420 nm were grown on both an epitaxially laterally overgrown GaN (ELOG) substrate and an ELOG on a free-standing GaN substrate by a metaorganic chemical vapor deposition method. The wavelength dependence of InGaN LD characteristics was investigated. It was found that there was a strong relationship between the threshold current density and the emission wavelength of LDs. The LDs with the emission wavelength of 450 nm grown on the ELOG on a free-standing GaN substrate were demonstrated. The threshold current density and voltage of these LDs were 2.8 kA/cm2 and 4.5 V, respectively. The estimated lifetime was approximately 5000 h under 50°C continuous-wave operation at an output power of 5 mW.
47 Tucanae: The Spectroscopic versus Color-Magnitude Diagram Age Discrepancy

We investigate current problems in obtaining reliable ages for old stellar systems based on stellar population synthesis modeling of their integrated spectra. In particular, we address the large ages derived for the globular cluster 47 Tuc, which is at odds with its color-magnitude diagram (CMD) age. Using a new age indicator, Hγσ<130, which is particularly effective at breaking the degeneracy between age and metallicity, we confirm the discrepancy between the spectroscopic age and the CMD age of 47 Tuc, in that the spectroscopic age is much older. Nebular emission appears unlikely to be a source for weakening the observed Balmer lines. We then explore a number of key parameters affecting the temperature of turnoff stars, which are the main contributors to the Balmer lines for old metal-rich stellar populations. We find that α-enhanced isochrones with atomic diffusion included not only provide a good fit to the CMD of 47 Tuc but also lead to a spectroscopic age in better agreement with the CMD age.
Ballooning modes on open magnetic field lines

The ballooning instability on open magnetic field lines is given a thorough mathematical analysis. It is shown that resistive bounding ends (endplates) induce the same stability properties as insulating ends. When unstable, the maximal growth rate increases monotonically with boundary resistivity. An interchange instability may be present, and one necessary condition for its stability is that ∫dl/B be constant on pressure surfaces. (This is an equilibrium existence condition for systems with closed magnetic field lines.) Another necessary condition for interchange stability has the same form as in the closed line case. Precise necessary and sufficient stability criteria are given for various types of bounding ends, including insulating, resistive, and perfectly conducting.
Relationship between the Basic Geometric Form and Hydrodynamic Characteristics of Water Hammer Pump

This study focuses on water hammer pumps that can effectively use the water hammer phenomenon and allow fluid transport without drive sources, such as electric motors. An understanding of water hammer pumps' operating conditions and an evaluation of their basic hydrodynamic characteristics are significant for determining whether they can be widely used as an energy-saving device in the future. However, these conventional studies have not described the pump performance in terms of pump head and flow rate, common measures indicating the performance of pumps, and are not useful in fully evaluating the pump characteristics. As a first stage for the understanding of water hammer pump performance in comparison to the characteristics of typical turbo pumps, this study focuses on understanding the basic hydrodynamic characteristics of water hammer pumps and experimentally examines how the hydrodynamic characteristics are affected by the inner diameter of the drive and lifting pipes, the form and capacity of the air chamber, and the angle of the drive pipe, which are believed to be representative geometric form factors.
A New Vector Partition of the Probability Score

Abstract A new vector partition of the probability, or Brier, score (PS) is formulated and the nature and properties of this partition are described. The relationships between the terms in this partition and the terms in the original vector partition of the PS are indicated. The new partition consists of three terms: 1) a measure of the uncertainty inherent in the events, or states, on the occasions of concern (namely, the PS for the sample relative frequencies); 2) a measure of the reliability of the forecasts; and 3) a new measure of the resolution of the forecasts. These measures of reliability and resolution are and are not, respectively, equivalent (i.e., linearly related) to the measures of reliability and resolution provided by the original partition. Two sample collections of probability forecasts are used to illustrate the differences and relationships between these partitions. Finally, the two partitions are compared, with particular reference to the attributes of the forecasts with which the pa.
On the theorem of T. Yamada and S. Watanabe

The well-known theorem of T. Yamada and S. Watanabe asserts that (weak) existence and pathwise uniqueness of the solution of a stochastic equation implies the existence of a strong solution. This is the most powerful tool for proving that a stochastic equation possesses a strong solution. However, pathwise uniqueness is far from being a necessary condition for this. Even if the solution is not unique in law it is also of interest to ask for strong solutions. In the present note, we will discuss in more detail the connection between pathwise uniqueness and the existence of a strong solution. We will state a condition which is not only sufficient but also necessary for the existence of a strong solution.
Moderately anisotropic field-effect mobility in dinaphtho[2,3-b:2′,3′-f]thiopheno[3,2-b]thiophenes single-crystal transistors

Anisotropy of carrier mobility is measured for dinaphtho[2,3-b:2′,3′-f]thiopheno[3,2-b]thiophenes single-crystal transistors. We have developed a method of “local gating” to restrict carrier-accumulated channels elongated radially within the herringbone planes of submillimeter crystals so that mixture of conductivity off the intended directions is minimized in the measurement. The highest mobility 4 cm2/V s is achieved for the a-axis direction due to the highest orbital overlaps, while the lowest mobility measured in the perpendicular direction is still as high as 2.5 cm2/V s. The moderate anisotropy favors high performance in polycrystalline thin-film transistors of the compound, where charge transport is inevitably mixed for all directions.
The Euler Character: A New Type of Visual Landscape Metric?

Landscape-preference theories such as prospect-refuge theory and Kaplan and Kaplan's landscape-preference matrix and theories of visual perception propose that the physical structure of the landscape has a direct psychological effect on people due to evolved sensitivity to particular defining characteristics. Efforts to identify consistent quantitative relationships between metrics of these characteristics and human preference have had some success. However, the field has also faced some criticisms due to low explanatory power in the results reducing confidence that relationships found can be applied to other contexts. In this paper we argue that dependence on generalised planar maps for the derivation of the metrics but on viewpoint-specific perspective photographs for the preference data is a potential cause of low explanatory power. How viewpoint change may affect scene characteristics needs to be better understood if representative viewpoints are to be chosen to allow results which are general to an area, in particular the difference between discreet (topological) changes and continuous changes. This paper presents the results of an experiment to test whether the topological complexity of a view, as measured by the Euler character of the horizon graph, has perceptual significance. We investigate if images with higher horizon-graph complexity were considered more interesting than those with lower graph complexity via a forced-choice Internet survey.
Images in the rocket ultraviolet - Young clusters in H II regions of M83

UV images of M83 at 1540 and 2360 A reveal 18 compact sources that are associated with H II regions. E(B - V) values were estimated individually from the observed UV and optical colors and the Galactic UV extinction curve, using theoretical flux distributions. The dereddened colors are consistent with ages up to 3 x 10 to the 6th yr. A maximum possible age of 6.5 x 10 to the 6th yr is obtained assuming foreground reddening only. The distribution of observed colors is consistent with the Galactic reddening curve but not with enhanced far-UV extinction, as in the LMC 30 Dor curve. The H-alpha fluxes suggest either that dust within the H II regions absorbs up to 70 percent of the Lyman continuum radiation or that a similar fraction of the H-alpha flux is below the surface brightness detection limit. Cluster mass estimates depend on the range of stellar masses present but are probably in the range 10,000-100,000 solar masses. 25 refs.
Temperature Trend over the Atlantic Ocean from 1996 to 2009 Derived from Radiosonde Soundings

Short Retraction Notice The article has been retracted as it was wrongfully published without the proper authorization from the authors’ institute. This paper published in Vol. 4, No. 1, 42-46, 2014, has been removed from this site. In making this decision the Editorial Board follows COPE's Retraction Guidelines. The aim is to promote the circulation of scientific research by offering an ideal research publication platform with due consideration of internationally accepted standards on publication ethics. The Editorial Board would like to extend its sincere apologies for any inconvenience this retraction may have caused. Editor guiding this retraction: Prof. Shaocai Yu (EiC of ACS). Please see the article page for more details. The full retraction notice in PDF is preceding the original paper which is marked "RETRACTED".