Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Al-Shifa Journal of Ophthalmology

Objectives: To study the role of B scan in detecting the posterior segment pathology in pre-operative cataract patients Study design: A cross sectional descriptive study Place and Duration of Study: The study was carried out at Department of Clinical Ophthalmology, Khyber girl’s medical college, Hayatabad Medical Complex (HMC), Peshawar from 15th August 2019 to 15th February 2020. Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional descriptive study. There were 317 eyes of 260 patients and both male and female were included in the study. First the visual acuity and detail slit lamp examination of all the patients was carried out in the OPD. Then ultra-sonography was performed in all the patients with dense cataract to evaluate the posterior segment pathology and the findings was documented in proforma. Results: In this study, we evaluated 317 eyes of 260 patients who present with dense cataract to the OPD of eye department. Among 260 patients, 58 (22.3%) patients develop cataract after a history of trauma while 202 (77.7%) have no history of trauma. On ultrasound examination 215 (67.8%) patients have no posterior segment pathology but in 102 (32.2%) patients a significant posterior segment pathology was detected. Posterior vitreous detachment (PVD) and vitreous opacities was the most common pathology among the dense cataract eyes which was 7.6% and 5.7% respectively. Which was followed by retinal detachment (4.7%) and vitreous hemorrhage in 4.7% eyes of dense cataract. Conclusions: It was concluded that in the preoperative dense cataract patients, the two-dimensional ultrasonography was the most effective tool in detecting the posterior segment pathology. It will also affect the strategy of the surgical procedure, outcome of the surgery and postoperative visual prognosis. Al-Shifa Journal of Ophthalmology 2021; 17(3):103-108. © Al-Shifa Trust Eye
Choosing a Doctoral Advisor: A Study of Chemical Engineering Students’ Perspectives Using Basic Needs Theory*

Choosing a doctoral advisor is the most critical decision students will make in their doctoral journey. The relationship between doctoral students and their advisors can determine if students will complete the doctorate. Yet, little is known about how students experience this decision process and whether students are supported in this selection. The purpose of thisstudywastoexplorehowstudentsexperiencethe satisfactionoftheirbasic needsintheadvisorselectionprocessof one Chemical Engineering program. Using case study methodology, we interviewed 14 doctoral students about their experience in selecting an advisor. Self-Determination Theory guided evaluative and theoretical coding. The ﬁndings revealedthat mostdoctoralstudentswho participatedin researchexperiences prior tothe doctorateare moresatisﬁed with their choice and practiced a better-informed selection. They had a clearer understanding of what they needed to look for in an advisor when compared to students who had not participated in such research experiences. This study shows that the process of ﬁnding an advisor in the Chemical EngineeringProgram studied may not provide suﬃcient competence support for students who have not participated in research, limiting their ability to make a decision when selecting an advisor.
REVIEWING : 2 –

This paper puts forward the use of a hydrodynamic model as a robust tool for reproducing flow depths and velocities from physical experiments conducted in the laboratory in complement to the range of other measurement methods typically used (laser scans, photogrammetry, dye, point gauge, PIV). The authors compare and analyze results of a hydrodynamic model (Nays2D) with measurements conducted in two physical experiments (evolution of meandering and tidal influence on estuaries).
Cultural Managerial Controls and Task Performance of Public Servants in Telework

Research objective: This study purpose to analyze the effects of cultural controls on task performance of servers, mediated by the social interaction of individuals in telecommuting situations. Theoretical framework : The research adopts the theoretical support of the systems of managerial controls for cultural controls of Merchant and Van der Stede (2007) under a background of task performance in the face of social interaction of individuals in the telework environment in the public sector (De Vries, Tummers, & Bekkers, 2018). Methodology : To this end, we applied a survey single Entity to 468 servers of a federal agency of the justice system, whose data were analyzed quantitatively by applying the structural equations technique. Results : The results revealed that there is no direct significant relationship between cultural controls and task performance; however, the mediation of social interaction makes the relationship statistically significant and positive. Furthermore, the evidence indicates that the social interaction of telecommuting individuals has a positive and direct influence on their task performance. Originality : The research highlights the consideration of cultural controls in organizations under a deepening in the telecommuting context. Theoretical and practical contributions : it is suggested that the greater interaction and proximity between bosses, subordinates and peers allows modeling and encouraging the values, policies, rules and procedures of the organization, thus gaining the trust of individuals and stimulating greater task performance.
Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University

Mitochondrial DNA mutations accumulate with age and may play a role in stem cell aging as suggested by the premature aging phenotype of mitochondrial DNA polymerase gamma (POLG) exonuclease-deficient mice. Therefore, E1A immortalized murine embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) from POLG exonuclease-deficient and wild-type (WT) mice were constructed. Surprisingly, when some E1A immortalized MEF lines were cultured in pyruvate-containing media they slowly became addicted to the pyruvate. The POLG exonuclease-deficient MEFs were more sensitive to several mitochondrial inhibitors and showed increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production under standard conditions. When cultured in pyruvate-containing media, POLG exonuclease-deficient MEFs showed decreased oxygen consumption compared to controls. Increased AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling and decreased mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling delayed aging and influenced mitochondrial function. Therefore, the effects of 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide (AICAR), an AMPK activator, or rapamycin, an mTOR inhibitor, on measures of mitochondrial function were determined. Rapamycin treatment transiently increased respiration only in WT MEFs and, under most conditions, increased ATP levels. Short term AICAR treatment transiently increased ROS production and, under most conditions, decreased ATP levels. Chronic AICAR treatment decreased respiration and ROS production in WT MEFs. These results demonstrate the context-dependent effects of AICAR and rapamycin on mitochondrial function.
PHYSIOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF SOYBEAN CULTIVARS INFECTED WITH PHYTOPATHOGENIC FUNGI

An investigation on soybean (Glycine max L.) commenced at the experimental field of the Institute of Genetics and Plant Experimental Biology, Academy of Sciences, Republic of Uzbekistan. The purposive study aimed to determine the effects of Fusarium solani phytopathogenic micromycetes on the physiological and biochemical composition of five soybean cultivars, viz., Sochilmas, Genetic-1, Nafis, Tomaris, and Baraka. The results revealed in the budding and flowering stages, the soybean cultivar leaves infected with F. solani showed decreased amounts of chlorophyll a and b compared with the healthy plants (control). In the control comparison against the soybean variants with phytopathogenic micromycetes, some soybean cultivars showed enhanced contents of carotenoids in the leaves, and others revealed a decline in carotenoids to varying degrees. The peroxidase enzyme activity was higher in soybean cultivars Tomaris and Nafis artificially infected with F. solani than the other cultivars. It was evident that the peroxidase enzyme activity under the influence of F. solani in the leaves of studied soybean cultivars increased by 20.76%, 43.6%, and 35.4%, respectively, in Baraka, Tomaris and Nafis cultivars. Results further indicated that under the influence and stressful conditions of F. solani, the activity of the polyphenol oxidase enzyme enhanced by 84.1% and 117.1%, respectively, in soybean cultivars Tomaris and Nafis. The phenylalanine-ammonia-lyase enzyme activity was also higher in the said cultivars with F. solani infection compared with the control. The earlier situation confirmed that the soybean plant leaves’ physiological and biochemical parameters are closely associated with the phytopathogenic micromycetes
in team

: It is debated whether young athletes need to specialize early, or if it is more beneficial to follow the path of early diversification. The present study investigates the career paths and related motivational and volitional factors of Danish elite and near-elite team sport athletes. Seventy-six athletes matched by sport, age and sex participated in the study. Elite athletes started their career later and showed higher self-determination and lower values in postponing training. The logistic regression showed that fewer accumulated training hours up to age 12, but more up to age 15 significantly predicted elite group membership. All other investigated variables did not show significant results. It is concluded that there are more similarities than differences between the two groups.
Suitability of Kabanyolo Soils for Fruit and Vegetable Production

This paper presents results of soil analysis for samples extracted from Makerere University Agricultural Research Institute Kabanyolo. The study was aimed at ascertaining the suitability of MUARIK soils for fruit (pineapple, passion fruit and watermelon) and vegetable (cabbage, eggplant, tomato and pumpkin) growth, yield and maturity. Soil morphological, physical and chemical properties were probed by excavating a 1.86 meter soil profile pit and sampling soils in 9 equidistant locations at MUARIK. The soil morphology and physical properties were described using the Munsel colour chart and USDA classification system while chemical parameters were determined in Makerere University Soil Laboratory following procedures described by Okalebo et al. [1]. Three pedon layers (RSK-H1, RSK-H3 and RSK-H5) had gradual boundaries while RSK-H4 was continuous. However, RSK-H2 and RSK-H6 had abrupt boundary layers. The texture of the profiles was clayey (52%). The soils were acidic with a pH of 6.08 (sub soil) to 6.12 (top soil). On comparison with standard requirements for target fruits and vegetables, the site was deficient in most of the minerals including P (8.88-12.42 pmm), Ca (6.46-7.92 pmm), K (0.06-0.47 pmm), Mg (1.37-1.70 pmm), Na (0.17-0.23 pmm), N (0.18-0.19 pmm), and soil organic matter (4.53%-4.81%). Sand and clay had the highest negative significant correlation (r = ǂ.94, p < 0.01) in the top soil. The highest positive significant correlation was observed between Ca and Mg both in the topsoil (r = 0.96, p < 0.01) and subsoil (r = 0.99, p < 0.01). MUARIK is suitable for growing cabbage and pumpkin. However, for improved growth, yields and maturity, the soils should be amended with manure (watermelon), lime (passion fruit and tomato) and sulphur (eggplant and pineapples).
Journal of Sohag Agriscience (JSAS)

The present study was conducted during three successive seasons 2020, 2021, and 2022 on thirty-six uniform 6-year-old Flame seedless grapevines, in a Private vineyard in Gohaina region, Sohag, Egypt. This study examined how grapevines respond physiologically, in terms of growth, yield, and quality, to Hydrogen Cyanamide and seaweed extract ( Amphora coffeaeformis ) as dormancy breaking, as well as Chlorella vulgaris, Nano fertilizers (nano Fe+ Zn)
Hyphal ontogeny in Neurospora crassa : a model organism for all seasons [version 1; peer review: 3 approved]

Filamentous fungi have proven to be a better-suited model system than unicellular yeasts in analyses of cellular processes such as polarized growth, exocytosis, endocytosis, and cytoskeleton-based organelle traffic. For example, the filamentous fungus Neurospora crassa develops a variety of cellular forms. Studying the molecular basis of these forms has led to a better, yet incipient, understanding of polarized growth. Polarity factors as well as Rho GTPases, septins, and a localized delivery of vesicles are the central elements described so far that participate in the shift from isotropic to polarized growth. The growth of the cell wall by apical biosynthesis and remodeling of polysaccharide components is a key process in hyphal morphogenesis. The coordinated action of motor proteins and Rab GTPases mediates the vesicular journey along the hyphae toward the apex, where the exocyst mediates vesicle fusion with the plasma membrane. Cytoplasmic microtubules and actin microfilaments serve as tracks for the transport of vesicular carriers as well as organelles in the tubular cell, contributing to polarization. In addition to exocytosis, endocytosis is required to set and maintain the apical polarity of the cell. Here, we summarize some of the most recent breakthroughs in hyphal morphogenesis and apical growth in N. crassa and the emerging questions that we believe should be addressed.
A COMPARATIVE STUDY FOR DIFFERENT INTRACANAL MEDICAMENTS ON ROOT CANAL DENTINE MICROHARDNESS: AN IN VITRO STUDY

Introduction: This study was done to evaluate the effect of different intracanal medicaments on root canal dentine microhardness. Method: Three intracanal medicaments were used in this study: Propolis , Calcium hydroxide and Chlorhexidine to evaluate their effects on microhardness of dentine in single rooted , human anterior teeth with a single canal. The medicaments were placed for three, seven and twenty one days. Samples were divided into three groups according to the intracanal medicaments used. Vickers microhardness tester was used to measure the surface hardness of the dentin of all specimens. Results: The comparison of microhardness between the three intracanal medicaments on root canal dentin over the study period showed statistically significant difference (p < 0.001) in all groups where chlorhexidine showed the highest mean values, followed by propolis and finally calcium hydroxide group. The largest decrease was demonstrated between day 7 and day 21 time period. Conclusions: All the three internal medicaments decrease dentin microhardness in endodontically treated-teeth by time.
WINTER WHEAT RESISTANCE TO YELLOW RUST IN SOUTHEAST KAZAKHSTAN

Wheat yellow (stripe) rust (Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici) is a dominant type of winter wheat disease. Developing new, highly productive varieties with increased immunological indicators helps to minimize the threat of rust spread. The progressive study searched the sources of resistance to the Pst populations and determined the effectiveness of Yr genes in Southeast Kazakhstan. Immunological studies ensued during 2018–2022 at the Kazakh Research Institute of Agriculture and Plant growing, Almaty, Kazakhstan. Wheat’s 23 isogenic lines and 193 winter wheat genotypes attained evaluation for their reactions against an artificially infectious background of infection mixed with Pst pathotypes. Determining the intensity of virulence, the effectiveness of Yr genes, and the resistance of genotypes to the Pst population transpired in the said region. During the vegetation period, based on weather conditions, the accumulated flow of the source, and the period of infection, wheat genotypes responded differently to the rust disease manifestation. The wheat genotypes found resistant to P. striiformis and promising for selection with immunity reached nomination. Their practical use centered on increasing the immunological potential of the new winter wheat cultivars for creation and further reducing the large-scale use of fungicides and the negative environmental consequences.
Oncology Nurses’ Attitudes Toward the Edmonton Symptom Assessment System: Results From a Large Cancer Care Ontario Study

Purpose/Objectives: To examine oncology nurses’ attitudes toward and reported use of the Edmonton Symptom Assessment System (ESAS) and to determine whether the length of work experience and presence of oncology certification are associated with their attitudes and reported usage. Design: Exploratory, mixed-methods study employing a questionnaire approach. Setting: 14 regional cancer centers (RCCs) in Ontario, Canada. Sample: Oncology nurses who took part in a larger province-wide study that surveyed 960 interdisciplinary providers in oncology care settings at all of Ontario’s 14 RCCs. Methods: Oncology nurses’ attitudes and use of ESAS were measured using a 21-item investigator-developed questionnaire. Descriptive statistics and Kendall’s tau-b or tau-c test were used for data analyses. Qualitative responses were analyzed using content analysis. Main Research Variables: Attitudes toward and self-reported use of standardized symptom screening and ESAS. Findings: More than half of the participants agreed that ESAS improves symptom screening, most said they would encourage their patients to complete ESAS, and most felt that managing symptoms is
Determinants of hyperhomocysteinemia in patients with chronic liver disease and after orthotopic liver transplantation.

BACKGROUND Homocysteine metabolism may be impaired in chronic liver disease, possibly contributing to fibrogenesis and disease complications. OBJECTIVE The goal was to investigate the prevalence and determinants of basal and postprandial hyperhomocysteinemia in patients with chronic liver disease and after orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT). DESIGN This was a cross-sectional study of 323 patients with chronic liver disease (93 with hepatitis, 8 with fatty liver, 168 with cirrhosis, and 54 after OLT) and 25 healthy control subjects. Portohepatovenous gradients of total homocysteine (tHcy) and methionine and postload methionine and tHcy kinetics before and after 10 d of supplementation with folate plus vitamin B-6 were investigated in subgroups. RESULTS Basal hyperhomocysteinemia was observed in all patient groups (34% of patients with hepatitis, 50% with fatty liver, 54% with cirrhosis, and 52% after OLT). It was more frequently seen in patients with elevated plasma creatinine concentrations and at advanced stages of liver disease. Mean plasma folate was normal in patients with liver disease, but vitamin B-12 was elevated in cirrhosis and vitamin B-6 was low after OLT. There were significant negative associations between tHcy and folic acid or vitamin B-12 concentrations in control subjects and in patients with hepatitis and after OLT. No systematic association between portohepatovenous differences in tHcy and methionine concentrations was found. Cirrhosis was accompanied by impaired methionine clearance. After vitamin supplementation, the area under the tHcy curve improved in cirrhosis at nearly unchanged basal tHcy concentrations. CONCLUSIONS Basal hyperhomocysteinemia is seen in approximately 50% of patients with cirrhosis and after OLT. Basal tHcy concentrations do not change significantly after supplementation with folate and vitamin B-6, but postprandial Hcy metabolism improves.
Physics-Augmented Autoencoder for 3D Skeleton-Based Gait Recognition

In this paper, we introduce physics-augmented autoencoder (PAA) framework for 3D skeleton-based human gait recognition. Specifically, we construct the autoencoder with a graph-convolution-based encoder and a physics-based decoder. The encoder takes the skeleton sequence as input and produces the generalized positions and forces of each joint, which are taken by the decoder to reconstruct the input skeleton based on the Lagrangian dynamics. In this way, the intermediate representations are physically plausible and discriminative. During the inference, the decoder is discared and a RNN-based classifier takes the output of the encoder for gait recognition. We evaluated our proposed method on three benchmark datasets including Gait3D, GREW, and KinectGait. Our method achieves state-of-the-art performance for 3D skeleton-based gait recognition. Furthermore, extensive ablation studies show that our method generalizes better and is more robust with small-scale training data by incorporating the physics knowledge. We also validated the physical plausibility of the intermediate representations by making force predictions on real data with physical annotations.
Schistosome Transgenesis: The Long Road to Success

Simple Summary The neglected tropical disease schistosomiasis is a worm infection that is caused by parasitic blood flukes. The disease is found in sub-Saharan Africa, the Middle East, Southeast Asia, and the New World. Worldwide, 240 million people are infected, and 700 million people are at risk. Schistosomiasis is a debilitating, chronic disease, and the mortality is estimated at 200,000 deaths per year. Schistosomiasis control relies on the drug praziquantel, but it does not prevent reinfection after treatment. The development of new vaccines, drugs, and diagnostic methods and the investigation of the biological basis of infectivity are, therefore, of critical importance. The development of transgenesis systems, as have been used for other pathogens, has been hampered by the complexity of the parasite and its life cycle. Now, after 25 years, tools to genetically manipulate the parasite have developed to the point that we can analyse this parasite’s biology in detail. In this review, we describe the progress that has been made in establishing gene manipulation in schistosomes and discuss numerous examples of studies that have led to a better understanding of molecules that are essential for host–parasite interplay. This insight will lead to new strategies and methods for combatting and managing schistosomiasis. Abstract As research on parasitic helminths has entered the post-genomic era, research efforts have turned to deciphering the function of genes in the public databases of genome sequences. It is hoped that, by understanding the role of parasite genes in maintaining their parasitic lifestyle, critical insights can be gained to develop new intervention and control strategies. Methods to manipulate and transform parasitic worms are now developed to a point where it has become possible to gain a comprehensive understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying host–parasite interplay, and here, we summarise and discuss the advances that have been made in schistosome transgenesis over the past 25 years. The ability to genetically manipulate schistosomes holds promise in finding new ways to control schistosomiasis, which ultimately may lead to the eradication of this debilitating disease.