Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Yersinia ruckeri Bakterini ile ‹mmunize Edilen Gökkufla¤› Alabal›klar›nda (Oncorhynchus mykiss) Antikor Üretiminin IFAT ve ELISA Teknikleri ile Saptanmas›*

Ozet: Bu cal›flmada Yersinia ruckeri bakterini ile immunize edilen gokkufla¤› alabal›klar›nda oluflan antikor seviyesinin indirekt fluoresans antikor teknii (IFAT) ve enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) teknikleriyle tayinine cal›fl›lm›flt›r. Freund's incomplete adjuvant (FIA) veya phosphate buffered saline (PBS) ile haz›rlanan Yersinia ruckeri bakterin inokulatlar›n›n gokkufla¤› alabal›klar›na intraperitonal enjeksiyonu ile oluflan humoral immunite seviyesi 20 haftal›k periyot suresince incelenmifltir. Deneme ve kontrol gruplar› icin 20'fler adet bal›k kullan›lm›flt›r. PBS iceren Yersinia ruckeri inokulat› ile immunize edilen gruba ba¤›fl›kl›¤› kuvvetlendirici ikinci enjeksiyon uygulanm›flt›r. Denemeler 11-12iC su s›cakl›¤›nda yurutulmufltur. ‹mmunizasyonu takiben bal›klar›n kan›nda 2-3 hafta sonra ELISA ile dufluk antikor titresi , IFAT ile zay›f fakat belirgin fluoresans tespit edilmifltir. Humoral antikor uretimi 5-6 c› hafta sonunda artarak yuksek antikor titresine ulaflarak deneme periyodu olan 20 hafta boyunca bu seviyeyi korumufltur. Yersinia ruckeri bakterini ile immunize edilen bal›klar›n tumunde 35 gun sonra patojen bakteri enjeksiyonuna karfl› tam bir koruma oluflmufltur. Abstract: In this study, the induced antibody level of rainbow trout immunized by Yersinia ruckeri bacterin was determined using two serological techniques, namely, indirect fluorescent antibody (IFAT) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The induced humoral antibody levels were studied after intraperitonal injection of Yersinia ruckeri bacterin inoculates containing Freund's incomplete adjuvant or PBS in rainbow trout during the experimental period of 20 weeks. The control and experimental groups each contained 20 fish. The group which was immunized by the PBS containing bacterin inoculate received a booster injection. Experiments were carried out in 11-12iC water. Low antibodies titres were detected by ELISA and faint and but distinct fluoresence by IFAT 2-3 weeks after immunization in the experimental fish blood. Humoral antibody production increased and after 5-6 weeks it reached its peak and then persisted during the experimental period of 20 weeks. All fish were protected against experimental challenge 35 days after immunization with Yersinia ruckeri bacterin.
Effect of dietary supplementation of Albizia lebbeck seed oil on the fatty acid composition of weaned rabbits

An experiment was carried out to determine the effects of dietary supplementation of Albizia lebbeck seed oil (ALO) on the fatty acid composition of weaner rabbits. Fifty (50) weaned rabbits of mixed breed and sexes, aged between 6-7 weeks with an average initial body weight of 460 ± 1.3 g were randomly assigned into five dietary treatments of ten rabbits per group; each group was further divided into 5 replicates consisting of two rabbits each. Basal diet was formulated to meet the nutritional requirements of rabbits according to NRC (1977). Rabbits in treatment 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 were supplemented with ALO at 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3 and 0.4% respectively. Feed and water were given ad libitum and the experiment lasted for 12 weeks. The results showed that significant differences (P < 0.05) were observed in saturated fatty acid (SFA), polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) and omega-6/omega-3 ratio (n-6:n-3) values obtained. Rabbits fed diet containing 0.4% ALO had the highest PUFA value (54.17%), followed by Treatment 4 (T4) (53.01%), T3 (45.13%), T2 (37.61%) and T1 (26.93%) respectively. Similarly (n-6:n-3) composition in T5 (3.65 %) increased in T5 fed 0.4% ALO compared with T1 (1.38%) fed 0% ALO. Antherogenic index were significantly (P < 0.05) different among the treatments. It can be concluded that supplementation of ALO at 0.4% highly influenced the composition of fatty acid in rabbit meat.
Developing a Selection-aided Model to Screen Cirrhotic Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma for Hepatectomy

Background: This study aimed to establish a model predicting the prognosis of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) patients with cirrhosis before liver resection (LR). Methods: An Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital (EHBH) model using the preoperative factors was established in a training cohort (305 patients from 2006 to 2011) and validated in an internal validation cohort (113 patients from 2012 to 2014). Predictive performance and discrimination were evaluated and compared with other staging systems. Results: The EHBH model containing preoperative factors of carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9), radiological tumor diameter, tumor number, and satellite nodules outperformed other staging systems in predicting the prognosis of ICC. A contour plot of 3-year survival probability and a nomogram to form two differentiated groups of patients (high-risk group and low-risk group) were constructed based on the EHBH model to help surgeons predicting the overall survival (OS) before LR. Patients from the high-risk group (>86.56 points) in the training cohort had worse OS rates compared with those from the low-risk group (≤86.56 points). The one-, three-, and five-year OS rates were 50.4%, 29.0%, and 21.0% for the high-risk group and 68.2%, 45.5%, and 39.7% for the low-risk group, respectively (P<0.001). The same results were obtained in the internal validation patients. Conclusion: The contour plot is an easy-to-use tool to individually show the 3-year prognosis of ICC patients with different preoperative CA19-9 values and radiological characteristics before surgery. The EHBH model was suitable for selecting cirrhotic patients for LR to acquire a better survival.
Icariside II protects cardiomyocytes from hypoxia-induced injury by upregulating the miR-7-5p/BTG2 axis and activating the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway

Icariside II (ICS II) has been reported to have protective effects against oxidative stress. However, whether ICS II protects cardiomyocytes from myocardial infarction (MI), and the associated underlying mechanisms, remain to be elucidated. Therefore, the current study investigated the effects of ICS II on hypoxia-injured H9c2 cells, as well as the associated molecular mechanisms. A hypoxic injury model was established to emulate the effects of MI. The effects of ICS II on the proliferation of rat cardiomyocyte H9c2 cells were assessed with cell counting kit-8 assays. The apoptotic status of the cells was assessed by flow cytometry, and the expression of apoptosis-related proteins was analyzed by western blotting. A microRNA (miRNA/miR) microarray was used to quantify the differential expression of miRNAs after ICS II treatment, and the levels of miR-7-5p were further quantified by reverse transcription-quantitative PCR. Whether ICS II affected hypoxia-injured cells via miR-7-5p was subsequently examined, and the target of miR-7-5p was also investigated by bioinformatics analysis and luciferase reporter assays. The effects of ICS II on the PI3K/Akt pathway were then evaluated by western blot analysis. Hypoxia treatment decreased viability and the migration and invasion abilities of H9c2 cells, and also induced apoptosis. ICS II significantly increased viability and reduced hypoxia-associated apoptosis. Moreover, ICS II treatment led to the upregulation of miR-7-5p, and the protective effects of ICS II were found to rely on miR-7-5p. Moreover, BTG anti-proliferation factor (BTG2) was identified as a direct target of miR-7-5p, and overexpression of BTG2 inhibited the protective effects of miR-7-5p. Finally, ICS II treatment resulted in the activation of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway, which is essential for the survival of H9c2 cells under hypoxic conditions. In summary, ICS II reduces hypoxic injury in H9c2 cells via the miR-7-5p/BTG2 axis and activation of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.
Management of Fifth Metacarpal Neck Fracture (Boxer's Fracture): A Literature Review

Boxer’s fracture is the fifth metacarpal neck fracture resulting from direct trauma to the clenched fist. Worldwide, this type of fracture is the most typical presentation to emergency departments. The management of fifth metacarpal fractures varies from one setting to another. Conservative management is the preferred option for closed, non-angulated, non-malrotated fractures while open fractures, significant angulation, rotational deformity, and intra-articular extension are recognised indications for surgical intervention. The scope of this article covers the results of a literature review examining the management strategies for such fractures.
TRPV1, TRPA1, and TRPM8 are expressed in axon terminals in the cornea: TRPV1 axons contain CGRP and secretogranin II; TRPA1 axons contain secretogranin 3

Purpose The cornea is highly enriched in sensory neurons expressing the thermal TRP channels TRPV1, TRPA1, and TRPM8, and is an accessible tissue for study and experimental manipulation. The aim of this work was to provide a concise characterization of the expression patterns of various TRP channels and vesicular proteins in the mammalian cornea. Methods Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was performed using wholemount and cryostat tissue preparations of mouse and monkey corneas. The expression patterns of TRPV1 and TRPA1 were determined using specific antisera, and further colocalization was performed with antibodies directed against calcitonin-related gene protein (CGRP), neurofilament protein NF200, and the secretogranins ScgII and SCG3. The expression of TRPM8 was determined using corneas from mice expressing EGFP under the direction of a TRPM8 promoter (TRPM8EGFP mice). Laser scanning confocal microscopy and image analysis were performed. Results In the mouse cornea, TRPV1 and TRPM8 were expressed in distinct populations of small diameter C fibers extending to the corneal surface and ending either as simple or ramifying terminals, or in the case of TRPM8, as complex terminals. TRPA1 was expressed in large-diameter NF200-positive Aδ axons. TRPV1 and TRPA1 appeared to localize to separate intracellular vesicular structures and were primarily found in axons containing components of large dense vesicles with TRPV1 colocalizing with CGRP and ScgII, and TRPA1 colocalizing with SCG3. Monkey corneas showed similar colocalization of CGRP and TRPV1 on small-diameter axons extending to the epithelial surface. Conclusions The mouse cornea is abundant in sensory neurons expressing TRPV1, TRPM8, and TRPA1, and provides an accessible tissue source for implementing a live tissue preparation useful for further exploration of the molecular mechanisms of hyperalgesia. This study showed that surprisingly, these TRP channels localize to separate neurons in the mouse cornea and likely have unique physiological functions. The similar TRPV1 expression pattern we observed in the mouse and monkey corneas suggests that mice provide a reasonable initial model for understanding the role of these ion channels in higher mammalian corneal physiology.
An Unusual and Rare Presentation of Dermatomyositis Sine Dermatitis Complicated by Neuromyositis

Dermatomyositis sine dermatitis (DMSD) is a rare autoimmune disease. It's distinguished from classical dermatomyositis (DM) by a lack of skin involvement. DM is known to have a variety of extramuscular manifestations, including interstitial lung disease, myocarditis, and dysphagia. However, peripheral nervous system involvement in DM termed "Neuromyositis" is less often encountered. Neuromyositis diagnosis is controversial due to its rarity, unknown mechanism, and heterogeneity of nerve pathology findings. A 53-year-old woman presented to our hospital following a fall. Six months prior to presentation, she had a sensory disturbance in her right foot. On admission, she had a right foot drop that progressed to right then left lower extremity weakness. A biopsy of the superficial peroneal nerve and long peroneal muscle showed large fiber nerve axonal loss, CD20 B-cell and CD4 T-cell predominant inflammatory infiltrate involving the perimysial connective tissue of the muscle, as well as myocyte hypertrophy and fibrosis with type I fiber predominance. These findings were compatible with dermatomyositis with neuropathic features. Electrophysiological studies of lower extremities revealed severe widespread axonal dysfunction, as evidenced by decreased tibial compound muscle action potential (CMAP), no peroneal motor responses, absent sural sensory nerve action potential (SNAP), and extensive active denervation throughout the left lower extremity. Three months later, she developed bilateral upper extremity weakness. A biopsy of the deltoid muscle that was done eight months after admission showed CD20 B-cell and CD4 T-cell predominant inflammatory infiltrates involving the perimysial connective tissue. These findings were pathologically similar to the first biopsy. Subsequently, a repeat electromyography (EMG) of upper extremities revealed myopathic changes with normal nerve conductions. She ultimately became quadriplegic and ventilator-dependent nine months after admission. She never exhibited any skin findings throughout her course of illness. An extensive imaging and laboratory workup did not reveal any occult malignancy, inflammation, or nutritional deficiency. Our patient did not respond to steroids or intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) and ultimately passed away. The clinical, pathological, and electrophysiological features suggested the presence of neuromyositis. This case illustrates the importance of recognizing peripheral nervous system involvement as a significant and yet underreported extramuscular manifestation of DM. There are currently no formal management guidelines for neuromyositis.
Epidemiologic Characteristics of Domestic Patients with Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome in Taiwan: A 19-Year Retrospective Study

Background: Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) is an illness caused by hantaviruses. Numerous factors modify the risk of hantavirus transmission. This study explored the epidemiological characteristics, differences, and trends in terms of gender, age, season, and living areas of those diagnosed with domestically acquired HFRS in Taiwan from 2001 to 2019. Methods: We examined publicly available annual summary data on the domestic cases with HFRS from 2001 to 2019; these data were obtained from the web database of Taiwan’s Centers for Disease Control (CDC). Results: This study analyzed 21 domestic cases with HFRS from Taiwan’s CDC databases. In this study of the cases of HFRS in Taiwan, a gradual increase in the cases of those aged ≥40 years acquiring the disease was noted, and a distinct pattern of seasonal variation (spring) was observed. Furthermore, more men had domestically acquired HFRS, and living in Taipei metropolitan area (6 cases [28.6%]) and the rural areas (Gao-Ping region, 9 cases [42.9%]) was identified as a potential risk factor. This study represents the first report of confirmed cases of domestically acquired HFRS from surveillance data from Taiwan’s CDC, 2001–2019. Conclusion: This study highlights the importance of longitudinal studies covering a wide geographical area, particularly for highly fluctuating pathogens, to understanding the implications of the transmission of zoonotic diseases in human populations. Important data were identified to inform future surveillance and research efforts in Taiwan.
N-glycosylation and receptor tyrosine kinase signaling affect claudin-3 levels in colorectal cancer cells

Changes in protein levels in different components of the apical junctional complex occur in colorectal cancer (CRC). Claudin-3 is one of the main constituents of tight junctions, and its overexpression can increase the paracellular flux of macromolecules, as well as the malignant potential of CRC cells. The aim of this study was to investigate the molecular mechanisms involved in the regulation of claudin-3 and its prognostic value in CRC. In silico evaluation in each of the CRC consensus molecular subtypes (CMSs) revealed that high expression levels of CLDN3 (gene encoding claudin-3) in CMS2 and CMS3 worsened the patients' long-term survival, whereas a decrease in claudin-3 levels concomitant with a reduction in phosphorylation levels of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF1R) could be achieved by inhibiting N-glycan biosynthesis in CRC cells. We also observed that specific inactivation of these receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) led to a decrease in claudin-3 levels, and this regulation seems to be mediated by phospholipase C (PLC) and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) in CRC cells. RTKs are modulated by their N-linked glycans, and inhibition of N-glycan biosynthesis decreased the claudin-3 levels; therefore, we evaluated the correlation between N-glycogenes and CLDN3 expression levels in each of the CRC molecular subtypes. The CMS1 (MSI immune) subtype concomitantly exhibited low expression levels of CLDN3 and N-glycogenes (MGAT5, ST6GAL1, and B3GNT8), whereas CMS2 (canonical) exhibited high gene expression levels of CLDN3 and N-glycogenes (ST6GAL1 and B3GNT8). A robust positive correlation was also observed between CLDN3 and B3GNT8 expression levels in all CMSs. These results support the hypothesis of a mechanism integrating RTK signaling and N-glycosylation for the regulation of claudin-3 levels in CRC, and they suggest that CLDN3 expression can be used to predict the prognosis of patients identified as CMS2 or CMS3.
SUMOylation of HSP27 regulates PKM2 to promote esophageal squamous cell carcinoma progression

A previous proteomic screening of differentially expressed biomarkers between Kazakh patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and normal adjacent tissues demonstrated that heat shock protein 27 (HSP27) and pyruvate kinase isoenzyme M2 (PKM2) were both highly expressed in ESCC samples compared with normal controls. However, the regulatory association between HSP27 and PKM2 in ESCC remains elusive. In the present study, immunohistochemistry and immunoblotting were adopted to examine the expression of HSP27, PKM2 and other relevant biomarkers involved in epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in clinical tissue samples. The interactions between proteins were detected by co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP) assay and further confirmed by immunofluorescence assay. The growth and motility of ESCC cells were examined by MTT, Transwell and wound healing assays. Overexpression of HSP27 was found to be significantly associated with T-cell classification, lymph node metastasis and poor prognosis in ESCC. In addition, HSP27 expression was significantly correlated with PKM2 expression in ESCC specimens. Functionally, knockdown of HSP27 inhibited the growth and motility of ESCC cells. Moreover, HSP27 was found to directly interact with small ubiquitin-related modified protein 2/3 (SUMO2/3) in ESCC cell lines, as evidenced by Co-IP and laser confocal imaging. In addition, downregulation of HSP27 was shown to decrease PKM2 and E-cadherin expression. Knockdown of SUMO2/3 was observed to reduce the expression of HSP27, PKM2 and EMT-related biomarkers. The results of the present study indicated that the SUMOylation of HSP27 enhances the proliferation, invasion and migration of ESCC cells via PKM2.
Cannabis for COVID-19: can cannabinoids quell the cytokine storm?

The recent emergence of SARS coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has resulted in the alarming spread of the highly infectious and contagious COVID-19 pandemic that is causing catastrophic damage and affecting health, life and death around the world [1,2]. SARS-CoV-2 has also created a COVID-19 ‘infodemic’ crisis with an overabundance of information and misinformation about the origin of the virus, potential therapies, and whether it was engineered in the laboratory. However, the global pace of SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 research is providing rapid and critical advances in comparison to that of the previous SARS-CoV, Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) and HIV [1,3,4]. COVID-19 has a protean manifestation, and the cryptic transmission of SARS-CoV-2 is characterized by multiple chains of transmission, unlike the SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV viruses that have been reported to occur mainly through nosocomial transmission [3,4]. There are still many unknowns regarding COVID-19, but there are also important lessons to be gleaned from AIDS that are applicable to the COVID-19 pandemic. They are both zoonotic diseases with different mode of transmission, with no vaccine or cure yet; however, there is an effective antiretroviral therapy for AIDS [5,6]. Furthermore, cannabis and cannabinoids have been proposed and used as adjunctive treatment for AIDS-associated cachexia, and in reduction of disease symptoms [7,8]. The processes of inflammation are important in both the pathogenesis of AIDS and COVID-19 [6,8]. Cannabinoids are effective at suppressing immune and inflammatory functions [7–9], and their potential as an anti-inflammatory treatment in COVID-19 has been suggested [8,9]. As the infection with SARS-CoV-2 causes inflammation due to immune response and a ‘cytokine storm’, resulting in a range of mild to no symptoms all the way to severe and critical COVID-19 induced comorbidity and mortality, this Editorial discusses the potential of the pharmacological immune-modulatory effects of cannabinoids that are constituents of the cannabis plant. It is of importance to determine the effects of cannabis and cannabinoid use by those who have not contracted the disease and those who have contracted COVID-19 and the outcomes.
Antibiotic eluting sinus stents

Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a multifactorial disease affecting up to 16% of the United States population and disproportionately affecting the cystic fibrosis (CF) patient population. Despite treating the underlying infection, the use of systemic antibiotics has shown little efficacy in alleviation of symptom burden. This review seeks to discuss recent research on novel antibiotic eluting stent therapy in vitro and within animal models as well as the factors that contribute to its efficacy.
Composition of the murine gut microbiome impacts humoral immunity induced by rabies vaccines

Abstract Background Gut microbiome plays a crucial role in modulating human and animal immune responses. Rabies is a fatal zoonosis causing encephalitis in mammals and vaccination is the most effective method to control and eliminate rabies. The relationship between the gut microbiome and humoral immunity post rabies vaccination has not been investigated yet. Methods Mice orally administrated with a cocktail of broad‐spectrum antibiotics were inoculated with rabies vaccines, and humoral immune response was analyzed at indicated time points. The 16S ribosomal RNA (16S rRNA) gene sequencing was performed on fecal samples from groups in vancomycin‐treated and untreated mice. Mice were immunized with rabies vaccines and virus‐neutralizing antibody (VNA) levels were measured, resulting in VNA high (H) and low (L) groups. Then 16S rRNA gene sequencing was performed on fecal samples from H and L group mice. Results After antibiotic (Abx) treatment, mice had decreased levels of rabies virus (RABV)‐specific IgM, IgG, and virus‐neutralizing antibody compared with untreated mice. Abx‐treated mice had fewer T follicular helper cells, germinal center B cells, and antibody secreting cells (ASCs) in lymph nodes than did untreated mice. Gut microbiome facilitated secondary immune responses by increasing the generation of ASCs. Treatment with vancomycin alone had a similarly impaired effect on the humoral immune responses compared with Abx‐treated mice. From the natural population group of mice received rabies vaccines, VNA titers vary significantly and the abundance of Clostridiales and Lachnospiraceae was positively associated with the antibody titers in mice. Conclusions Our results provide the evidence that the gut microbiome impacts humoral immunity post rabies vaccination, and further investigation of the mechanism will help the development of novel adjuvants and vaccines.