Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Greater pollination generalization is not associated with reduced constraints on corolla shape in Antillean plants

Flowers show important structural variation as reproductive organs but the evolutionary forces underlying this diversity are still poorly understood. In animal‐pollinated species, flower shape is strongly fashioned by selection imposed by pollinators, which is expected to vary according to guilds of effective pollinators. Using the Antillean subtribe Gesneriinae (Gesneriaceae), we tested the hypothesis that pollination specialists pollinated by one functional type of pollinator have maintained more similar corolla shapes through time due to more constant and stronger selection constraints compared to species with more generalist pollination strategies. Using geometric morphometrics and evolutionary models, we showed that the corolla of hummingbird specialists, bat specialists, and species with a mixed‐pollination strategy (pollinated by hummingbirds and bats; thus a more generalist strategy) have distinct shapes and that these shapes have evolved under evolutionary constraints. However, we did not find support for greater disparity in corolla shape of more generalist species. This could be because the corolla shape of more generalist species in subtribe Gesneriinae, which has evolved multiple times, is finely adapted to be effectively pollinated by both bats and hummingbirds. These results suggest that ecological generalization is not necessarily associated with relaxed selection constraints.
Cyberbullying: un análisis comparativo en estudiantes de Argentina, Brasil, Chile, Colombia, México, Perú y Venezuela

This study explores the issue of cyberbullying from a cross-cultural perspective. The focus is on the examination of the extent of Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, México, Peru, Venezuela tweens and adolescents’ experiences of cyberbullying. A survey study of 21.000 students from 10 to 18 years. In this paper, “cyberbullying” refers to bullying via electronic communication tools: mobile phone/video/picture/text message, Internet/gaming/instant messaging.
What Talking About Machines Tells Us

Orr’s work falls on one side of a marked divide separating rule-based theories from practice-focused research. From within the tradition of workplace studies (which show themselves intermittently susceptible to rule-based assumptions), Orr argues that his pre-decessors failed to see the sort of improvisation and bricolage central to his analysis, for want of looking. I claim, by contrast, that it was more for want of seeing. Early work-place studies could barely conceive of workplace autonomy or improvisation as anything but counterproductive. By attacking the theoretical demarcation between mental and manual labour implicit in this presupposition, Orr’s analysis presents both management and theorists with the surprisingly uncomfortable challenge of the knowledgeable worker. A brief analysis of the EUREKA project’s support of workplace learning suggests how Orr’s work challenged and still challenges more complacent views of knowledge in organization and ‘knowledge management’.
The Impact of Supply Chain Integration on New Product Development Performance: Evidence from Turkish Manufacturing Industry

This study researches the relation between supply chain integration and new product development. Supply chain integration has been included in the study under three sub-dimensions: customer integration, supplier integration and internal integration. The relation between supplier integration, customer integration and internal integration and new product development has been examined separately. Gathered data received from 390 mid-sized and macro firms engaged in manufacturing industry in Ankara and Istanbul, reliability analysis and construct validity tests, content, convergent, discriminant, nomological validity and confirmatory factor analysis test results have been presented. Finally, the research model was tested through using structural equation modeling. Study findings suggest that customer integration, supplier integration and internal integration has a positive impact on new product development.
1 0 M ay 2 01 3 Hadronic Production of χ c-mesons at LHC

Hadronic production of P -wave charmonium states χcJ in hadronic interaction is considered. Using experimental results of CDF and LHCb collaborations we show, that contributions of color-singlet components are dominant. As for color-octet mechanism, we show, that contributions from P -wave states can also be observed, while S-wave states can be neglected. The best experimental observables that give information about relative importance of color-singlet and color-octet components are the ratios χc2/χc1 and χc0/χc1.
Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on patients with cardio/cerebrovascular disease who visit the emergency department American Emergency

Introduction: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic situation is a state that has had a great impact on the medical system and society. To respond to the pandemic situation, various methods, such as a pre-triage system,arebeingimplementedintheemergencymedical ﬁ eld.However,thereareinsuf ﬁ cientstudiesontheef-fects of this pandemic situation on patients visiting the emergency department (ED), especially those with car- dio/cerebrovascular diseases (CVD) 1 classi ﬁ ed as time-dependent emergencies. Methods: Weperformeda retrospectiveanalysisofa cohortofpatients from April2020toDecember2020(April 2020 was when the pre-triage system was established) compared to a parallel comparison patient cohort from 2019. The primary outcome was in-hospital mortality. CVD was de ﬁ ned by the patient's ﬁ nal diagnosis. Results: Duringthesame period, thenumberofpatients who hadvisitedthe EDafter COVID-19 had decreased to 79.1% of the number of patients who had visited the ED before COVID-19. The overall patient mortality and the mortalityinthepatientscardiovasculardiseasehadbothincreased,whilethemortalityfromcerebrovasculardis-ease did not increase. Meanwhile, the ED length of stay had increased in all patients but did not increase in the patients with cardiovascular disease. Conclusion: As with prior studies conducted inother regions, inour study, the total number of ED visits werede- creasedcompared to before COVID-19. The overallmortality had increased, particularly in the patients with cardiovascular disease.
MOZART, a global chemical transport model for ozone and related chemical tracers: 1. Model description

We present a new global three-dimensional chemical-transport model (called MOZART) developed in the framework of the NCAR Community Climate Model (CCM) and aimed at studying the distribution and budget of tropospheric ozone and its precursors. The model, developed with a horizontal resolution of 2.8° in longitude and latitude, includes 25 levels in the vertical between the Earth's surface and an upper boundary located at approximately 35 km altitude. In its present configuration the model calculates the global distribution of 56 chemical constituents with a timestep of 20 min, and accounts for surface emission and deposition, large-scale advective transport, subscale convective and boundary layer exchanges, chemical and photochemical transformations, as well as wet scavenging. Transport is simulated "off line" from CCM with dynamical variables provided every 3 hours from preestablished history tapes. Advection is calculated using the semi-Lagrangian transport scheme [Rasch and Williamson, 1990] developed for the MATCH model of Rasch et al. [1997]. Convective and boundary layer transports are expressed according to Hack [1994] and Holtslag and Boville [1993], respectively. A detailed evaluation of the model results is provided in a companion paper [Hauglustaine et al., this issue]. An analysis of the spatial and temporal variability in the chemical fields predicted by the model suggests that regional events such as summertime ozone episodes in polluted areas can be simulated by MOZART.
Genomic patterns of pathogen evolution revealed by comparison of Burkholderia pseudomallei , the causative agent of melioidosis , to avirulent Burkholderia thailandensis

Background: The Gram-negative bacterium Burkholderia pseudomallei (Bp) is the causative agent of the human disease melioidosis. To understand the evolutionary mechanisms contributing to Bp virulence, we performed a comparative genomic analysis of Bp K96243 and B. thailandensis (Bt) E264, a closely related but avirulent relative. Results: We found the Bp and Bt genomes to be broadly similar, comprising two highly syntenic chromosomes with comparable numbers of coding regions (CDs), protein family distributions, and horizontally acquired genomic islands, which we experimentally validated to be differentially present in multiple Bt isolates. By examining species-specific genomic regions, we derived molecular explanations for previously-known metabolic differences, discovered potentially new ones, and found that the acquisition of a capsular polysaccharide gene cluster in Bp, a key virulence component, is likely to have occurred non-randomly via replacement of an ancestral polysaccharide cluster. Virulence related genes, in particular members of the Type III secretion needle complex, were collectively more divergent between Bp and Bt compared to the rest of the genome, possibly contributing towards the ability of Bp to infect mammalian hosts. An analysis of pseudogenes between the two species revealed that protein inactivation events were significantly biased towards membrane-associated proteins in Bt and transcription factors in Bp. Conclusion: Our results suggest that a limited number of horizontal-acquisition events, coupled with the fine-scale functional modulation of existing proteins, are likely to be the major drivers underlying Bp virulence. The extensive genomic similarity between Bp and Bt suggests that, in some cases, Bt could be used as a possible model system for studying certain aspects of Bp behavior. Published: 26 May 2006 BMC Microbiology 2006, 6:46 doi:10.1186/1471-2180-6-46 Received: 17 March 2006 Accepted: 26 May 2006 This article is available from: http://www.biomedcentral. com/1471-2180/6/46 © 2006 Yu et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Estimation of Forest Biomass based upon Satellite Data and National Forest Inventory Data

This study was carried out to estimate forest biomass and to produce forest biomass thematic map for Muju county by combining field data from the 5 National Forest Inventory (2006-2007) and satellite data. For estimating forest biomass, two methods were examined using a Landsat TM-5(taken on April 28th, 2005) and field data: multi-variant regression modeling and t-Nearest Neighbor (k-NN) technique. Estimates of forest biomass by the two methods were compared by a cross-validation technique. The results showed that the two methods provide comparatively accurate estimation with similar RMSE (63.7567.26ton/ha) and mean bias (1ton/ha). However, it is concluded that the k-NN method for estimating forest biomass is superior in terms of estimation efficiency to the regression model. The total forest biomass of the study site is estimated 8.4 million ton, or 149 ton/ha by the k-NN technique.
2013 Annual Report for ONR Sponsored Research: A Multiscale Study of Tropical Cyclone Formation, Structure Change and Predictability in the Western North Pacific Region & TCS08 Experiment Support

Abstract : The overarching objectives of this research project are to obtain an improved understanding of the formation, intensification, predictability and structure change of tropical cyclones in the Western Pacific region. These new insights will ultimately improve forecast guidance for U.S. Naval operations in this region. In this year s report I will focus on one of our main findings regarding Nuri s genesis dynamics on the mesoscale.
Inappropriate prescribing in the hospitalized elderly patient: Defining the problem, evaluation tools, and possible solutions

Potentially inappropriate medication (PIM) prescribing in older adults is quite prevalent and is associated with an increased risk for adverse drug events, morbidity, and utilization of health care resources. In the acute care setting, PIM prescribing can be even more problematic due to multiple physicians and specialists who may be prescribing for a single patient as well as difficulty with medication reconciliation at transitions and limitations imposed by hospital formularies. This article highlights critical issues surrounding PIM prescribing in the acute care setting such as risk factors, screening tools, and potential strategies to minimize this significant public health problem.
Ultrashort pulse-induced elastodynamics in polycrystalline materials. Part I: Model validation

Abstract The coupled thermal-mechanical response of a polycrystalline metallic film in response to ultrafast optical impingement is investigated. The thermo-elastodynamics formulated in the article considers laser absorption along the axial direction and thermal diffusion along the radial direction to account for the normal and shear stresses initiated by the rapid heating. The generalized formulation incorporates a two-step hyperbolic temperature model that characterizes the energy transport of electrons and lattices as finite in velocity. The coupling of thermal and mechanical fields is established through considering the energy dissipated in the form of propagating thermo-mechanical disturbances. The thermo-elastodynamical response of the polycrystalline film is found to be a strong function of the electron heat capacity that is also temperature-dependent. In addition, grain size effects due to film surface and grain-boundary scatterings are found to impact several thermophysical properties of the material. The impact of the energy transport of electrons is particularly prominent when the thickness becomes comparable with the electron mean-free-path. A staggered-grid finite difference scheme is followed to simultaneously resolve the coupled thermo-elastodynamical responses using an axisymmetric model. The time variation of the normalized electron temperature of a single crystalline gold film derived from the generalized model is favorably examined against published physical data, thus demonstrating the feasibility of the formulation in depicting the electron transport dynamics in response to non-ablating ultrafast irradiation.
TGF-β and BMP Signaling in Osteoblast Differentiation and Bone Formation

Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β)/bone morphogenic protein (BMP) signaling is involved in a vast majority of cellular processes and is fundamentally important throughout life. TGF-β/BMPs have widely recognized roles in bone formation during mammalian development and exhibit versatile regulatory functions in the body. Signaling transduction by TGF-β/BMPs is specifically through both canonical Smad-dependent pathways (TGF-β/BMP ligands, receptors and Smads) and non-canonical Smad-independent signaling pathway (e.g. p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway, MAPK). Following TGF-β/BMP induction, both the Smad and p38 MAPK pathways converge at the Runx2 gene to control mesenchymal precursor cell differentiation. The coordinated activity of Runx2 and TGF-β/BMP-activated Smads is critical for formation of the skeleton. Recent advances in molecular and genetic studies using gene targeting in mice enable a better understanding of TGF-β/BMP signaling in bone and in the signaling networks underlying osteoblast differentiation and bone formation. This review summarizes the recent advances in our understanding of TGF-β/BMP signaling in bone from studies of genetic mouse models and human diseases caused by the disruption of TGF-β/BMP signaling. This review also highlights the different modes of cross-talk between TGF-β/BMP signaling and the signaling pathways of MAPK, Wnt, Hedgehog, Notch, and FGF in osteoblast differentiation and bone formation.
Computational Constraints on Syntactic Processing in a Nonhuman Primate

The capacity to generate a limitless range of meaningful expressions from a finite set of elements differentiates human language from other animal communication systems. Rule systems capable of generating an infinite set of outputs (“grammars”) vary in generative power. The weakest possess only local organizational principles, with regularities limited to neighboring units. We used a familiarization/discrimination paradigm to demonstrate that monkeys can spontaneously master such grammars. However, human language entails more sophisticated grammars, incorporating hierarchical structure. Monkeys tested with the same methods, syllables, and sequence lengths were unable to master a grammar at this higher, “phrase structure grammar” level.
On the interaction of wind energy with climate and weather

Title of Document: ON THE INTERACTION OF WIND ENERGY WITH CLIMATE AND WEATHER Daniel Bennett Barrie, Doctor of Philosophy, 2010 Directed by: Assistant Professor Daniel Kirk-Davidoff Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Science This study focuses on the interaction of large-scale wind energy with the atmosphere; namely, the impact that a substantial development of the wind resource may have on climate and weather as well as the impact that anthropogenic global warming (AGW) may have on the amount of available energy in the wind. A large downstream climate response to wind turbines distributed throughout the central United States is shown in model results from the Community Atmosphere Model (CAM). The mean response takes the form of a stationary Rossby wave. Furthermore, a case study is shown where the wind turbines altered a storm system over the North Atlantic. The resulting magnitude of the anomalous 500 hPa geopotential height field is comparable to the range of forecast uncertainty, which indicates that impacts induced in weather systems may be forecastable. Building on this work, a thorough examination of wind farm and atmospheric parameters, including wind farm size, position, and parameterization as well as atmospheric static stability and jet strength is carried out using an idealized version of the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model. Downstream impacts were found to grow in magnitude as wind farm size and the value of damping used to parameterize the wind turbines was increased. Altering the position of the wind farm with respect to the westerlies and synoptic disturbances revealed that the interaction between baroclinic instabilities and the wind farm enables downstream propagation and growth of the wind farm impacts. However, far downstream impacts were observed to be somewhat independent of the wind farm position, i.e., similar downstream effects were noted for model runs initialized with wind farms 20° of longitude from each other. By increasing atmospheric static stability, a fast saturation of wind farm-induced anomalies was observed throughout the atmosphere. This observation is surprising in light of the increased phasing between surface and upper atmospheric anomalies when static stability is low. Anomalies were able to propagate farther downstream over a shorter period of time when jet strength was increased. To study projected climate change impacts on the wind resource, data from the third phase of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP3) and the North American Regional Climate Change Assessment Project (NARCCAP) were studied. The results are dominated by substantial intermodel variability; however, many of the models project an increase in wind speeds and energy over the central United States. This increase in wind energy is related to an increase in low-frequency, high-speed transient wind speeds, which have a high power density due to the cubic relationship between wind speed and power.
Teacher Performance Trajectories in High and Lower-Poverty Schools

This study explores whether teacher performance trajectory over time differs by school poverty settings. Focusing on elementary school mathematics teachers in North Carolina and Florida, we find no systematic relationship between school student poverty rates and teacher performance trajectories. In both high (>=60% FRL) and lower-poverty (<60% FRL) schools, teacher performance improves the fastest in the first five years and then flattens out in years five to ten. Teacher performance growth resumes between year ten and 15 in North Carolina but remains flat in Florida. In both school poverty settings, there is significant variation in teacher performance trajectories. At all career stages, the fastest-growing teachers (75th percentile) improve by . 02-. 04 standard deviations more in student gain scores annually than slower teachers (25th percentile). Our findings suggest that the lack of productivity “return” to experience in high-poverty schools reported in the literature is unlikely to be the result of differential teacher learning in high and lower-poverty schools.
A Bioarchaeological Study Of A Prehistoric Michigan Population: Fraaer-Tyra Site (20sa9)

A BIOARCHAEOLOGICAL STUDY OF A LATE WOODLAND POPULA TION FROM MICHIGAN: FRAZER-TYRA SITE (20SA9) by ALLISON JUNE MUHAMMAD May 2010 Advisor: Dr. Tamara Bray Major: Anthropology Degree: Doctor of Philosophy The Saginaw Valley Region has been the focus of Michigan archaeo logy for many decades. The Late Woodland period of the Saginaw Valley has been cha racterized as an area that prehistoric people abandoned as a permanent resident, but exploited seas onally during times of scarcity. Furthermore, the valley’s resources were exploited b y a diverse group of prehistoric peoples, both native to Michigan and those Mississippian ‘intruders’ ( Halsey 1976; Holman and Brashler 1999; Norder et al. 2003; Stothers 1999). Though previous studies of the Frazer-Tyra site (20SA9) have included ceramic and lithic analysis (Andrews 1995; Halse y 1976) and a study of mortuary variability (Krakker 1997, 1983), an osteological report had not been generated for the human remains nor a significant inquiry into dietary trends for the population. The aim of this study is to situate the Frazer-Tyra population within the dis cussion of maize adoption and dietary shifts that are common to the Late Woodland period in Michi gan’s Prehistory. Using carbon and nitrogen isotopes, this study will explore maize adoption and patterns of co umption for this Late Woodland population.
Disappearing Dividends: Changing Firm Characteristics or Lower Propensity to Pay?

Abstract The proportion of firms paying cash dividends falls from 66.5% in 1978 to 20.8% in 1999, due in part to the changing characteristics of publicly traded firms. Fed by new listings, the population of publicly traded firms tilts increasingly toward small firms with low profitability and strong growth opportunities – characteristics typical of firms that have never paid dividends. More interesting, we also show that regardless of their characteristics, firms have become less likely to pay dividends. This lower propensity to pay is at least as important as changing characteristics in the declining incidence of dividend-paying firms.