Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Nearly isotropic Lyman-α 1 radiation 2p3/2→1s1/2 following nonradiative electron capture in Xe54+ + Kr collisions at 197 MeV u−1

We measured the angular distribution of the subsequently emitted Lyman-α 1 transition of Xe53+* ions following nonradiative electron capture in collisions of 197 MeV u−1 Xe54+ projectiles with gaseous krypton target. The alignment of the projectile 2p 3/2 state and the relative population of its magnetic substates were further deduced. In contrast to the available lower energy results (Yang et al 2020 Phys. Rev. A 102 042803), it is found that at 197 MeV u−1 the Lyman-α 1 radiation becomes much less anisotropic and the magnetic substates are nearly statistically populated. Moreover, the experimental findings are compared with the results of the corresponding radiative electron capture mechanism, obviously different energy dependence of the magnetic-substate population is obtained and discussed using semiclassical arguments, which help reveal the population mechanism of excited states in collisions of highly charged high-Z ions with atoms.
Performance and comfort of monocular head-mounted displays in flight simulators

One of our previous studies examining the integration of a head-mounted visual display with a faceted flight simulator display showed that a monocular condition was the most uncomfortable and it also resulted in poorer operator performance. In the present study, we investigated whether this reduction in performance was dependent on eye dominance and whether it could be reduced or eliminated through training. Our performance measure was the amount of time it took operators to make correct decisions on a simplified targeting task using a see-through monocular headmounted display and a large-screen display upon which was presented an out-the-window view of a desert scene. A binocular on-screen viewing condition served as baseline. The results revealed that response time significantly decreased with training but that eye dominance did not exert a significant effect. These results are interpreted within the context of training regimes for using HMDs with sparse symbology.
Chemometric assessment of the semivolatile organic contaminants content in the atmosphere of the selected sites in the Republic of Macedonia

Data obtained through a pilot study for the development of the monitoring network in the Central and Eastern Europe (MONET_CEEC) 2006, regarding the occurrence of 12 organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), seven indicator polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and 28 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the air of six locations in the Republic of Macedonia have been interpreted by principal component (PCA) and cluster (CA) analysis. The data structures of three sets organized to contain the atmospheric concentrations of (a) PAHs, the so‐called PAHs set, (b) both classes of organochlorine compounds (PCBs and OCPs) grouped in the organochlorinated compounds (OCCs) set and (c) the overall data (the semivolatile organic compounds (SVOCs) set) were compared. The PCA results suggested mixed origin of PAHs, especially dominant in the urban zones of Skopje, the capital of the Republic of Macedonia. Furthermore, it was found that retene had a distinctive source that separated it from the rest of the PAHs, and it was linked to the incidents of biomass burning. The OCC atmospheric patterns differed among the sites more than it was the case with the PAH patterns, implying some site‐specific sources or conditions that influenced the OCC atmospheric concentrations. CA coupled with bootstraps confirmed the groupings of samples found by the PCA biplots. The influence of available meteorological parameters on the SVOC atmospheric concentrations has been evaluated by multiple regression analysis (MRA) indicating the positive impacts of temperature and wind speed for majority of analyzed SVOCs. Precipitation was found to be linked proportionally only with pentachlorobenzene and hexachlorobenzene. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Modeling the scaling law of surface plasmon resonance in gold spherical nanoshells

Analytic formulas for spherical nanoshell (Au/silica) resonance wavelength and refractive index sensitivity were derived and compared with a numerical nonlinear theory. A universal scaling law was deduced in terms of a normalized thickness defined by the ratio of the shell thickness and its core diameter. The calculated figure of merit shows a maximum at an optimal value of the resonance wavelength and normalized thickness. The nonlinear theory of nanoshells improves the accuracy of the linear theory in the short wavelength regime (500 to 650 nm).
Correlation between magnetic and electric field perturbations in the field-aligned current regions deduced from DE 2 observations

Satellite observations have shown high correlation between magnetic and electric field perturbations in the high-latitude field-aligned current regions. The high correlation has been interpreted by two models. In the first, the Static model, the observed perturbations are regarded as being static spatial variations, and the ratio of the orthogonal magnetic and electric field components ΔBz/Ex represents the height-integrated ionospheric Pedersen conductivity ΣP. In the second, Alfven wave model, the observed perturbations are interpreted as being Doppler-shifted Alfven waves, and the inverse of the ratio gives the Alfven wave velocity VA. In this paper we investigate changes of this ratio with spatial scale length, using the DE 2 observations. The ratio ΔBz/Ex is found to change little with scale length for variations of scale lengths longer than 64 km, or 8.0 s in time. While for variations of smaller scale lengths, which are obtained using numerical filters with cutoff periods shorter than 4.0 s, the same ratio shows a significant dependence on scale length. The calculated ratios are nearly equal to ΣP based on an ionospheric model for long-wavelength structures and to 1/VA for short-wavelength variations. The transition from the former to the latter usually begins around 4.0-8.0 s on the time scale. On the dayside the correlation between ΔBz and Ex is generally high, and the transition is clearly seen. Thus the static model is applicable to valuations of scale lengths greater than 8.0 s (or 64 km); while the Alfven wave effect becomes increasingly dominant for scale lengths less than 4.0 s (or 32 km). For scale lengths below about 5 km (∼0.6 s) the short-circuiting effect at ionospheric altitudes higher than the altitudes at which the horizontal Pedersen closure current usually flows becomes appreciable. However, this effect alone cannot explain the observed decrease in the ratio ΔBz/μ0Ex. The relation between the ratio ΔBz/μ0Ex and the solar zenith angle is consistent with the relationship between the Pedersen conductivity and the solar zenith angle in the published conductivity models.
The self-preserving decay of isotropic turbulence: Analytic solutions for energy and dissipation

Analytic solutions for the nonlinear single-point equations, describing the isotropic decay of turbulence, as first formulated by von Karman and Howarth [Proc. R. Soc. London, Ser. A 164, 192 (1938)] are given. The asymptotic solution indicates the self-preserving k(t)∼t−1 scaling demonstrated in the fixed-point analysis of Speziale and Bernard [J. Fluid Mech. 241, 645 (1992)]. The solutions are exact for a decay with Taylor microscale similarity in which the skewness and palinstrophy coefficients are constant. The approach to the k(t)∼t−1 decay, though not reached in finite time (mathematically speaking), is approached fairly rapidly for typical palinstrophies. An expression for the evolution of the Taylor microscale as a function of the Reynolds number and the palinstrophy is derived. Expansion of the exact solution for small time shows a slow departure from the initial condition, depending on the initial Taylor microscale Reynolds number, as seen in numerical solutions.
Spheroidal Wave Functions

when there is symmetry round the axis of 2. This is a form which has been discussed by many writers, and notably by W. D. Niven. * The literature of the subject, in fact, goes back to Lame and Mathieu, the latter of whom confined his attention to the similar equation arising in two-dimensional problems relating to an elliptic cylinder. Such discussions as have been given appear to have proceeded invariably along the lines of a determination of solutions in the form
Testing for Heteroscedasticity and/or Correlation in Nonlinear Models with Correlated Errors

Abstract This paper discusses the tests of heteroscedasticity and/or correlation in the framework of pth antedependence errors, in which the variances of the random errors are determined by their correlation and those of white noises. We first discuss the test for heteroscedasticity of random errors, which is equivalent to the simultaneous test of correlation of random errors and homoscedasticity of white noises. When random errors' correlation or heteroscedasticity of white noises occurs, we then consider individual tests for heteroscedasticity of white noises and correlation respectively, in which there are some nuisance parameters involved. The likelihood ratio statistics, score statistics and their adjustments are derived and illustrated with chloride data [Bates, D. M. , Watts, D. G. (1988). Nonlinear Regression Analysis and Its Applications. New York: John Wiley & Sons] and the relaxation data of the current [Glasbey, C. A. (1980). Nonlinear regression with autoregressive time series errors. Biometrics 36:135–140; Seber, G. A. F. , Wild, C. J. (1989). Nonlinear Regression. New York: John Wiley & Sons].
Hippo signaling and histone methylation control cardiomyocyte cell cycle re-entry through distinct transcriptional pathways

Aims Accumulating data demonstrates that new adult cardiomyocytes (CMs) are generated throughout life from pre-existing CMs, although the absolute magnitude of CM self-renewal is very low. Modifying epigenetic histone modifications or activating the Hippo-Yap pathway have been shown to promote adult CM cycling and proliferation. Whether these interventions work through common pathways or act independently is unknown. For the first time we have determined whether lysine demethylase 4D (KDM4D)-mediated CM-specific H3K9 demethylation and Hippo pathways inhibition have additive or redundant roles in promoting CM cell cycle re-entry. Methods and results We found that activating Yap1 in cultured neonatal rat ventricular myocytes (NRVM) through overexpressing Hippo pathway inhibitor, miR-199, preferentially increased S-phase CMs, while H3K9me3 demethylase KDM4D preferentially increased G2/M markers in CMs. Together KDM4D and miR-199 further increased total cell number of NRVMs in culture. Inhibition of Hippo signaling via knock-down of Salvador Family WW Domain Containing Protein 1 (Sav1) also led to S-phase reactivation and additional cell cycle re-entry was seen when combined with KDM4D overexpression. Inducible activating KDM4D (iKDM4D) in adult transgenic mice together with shRNA mediated knock-down of Sav1 (iKDM4D+Sav1-sh) resulted in a significant increase in cycling CMs compared to either intervention alone. KDM4D preferentially induced expression of genes regulating late (G2/M) phases of the cell cycle, while miR-199 and si-Sav1 preferentially up-regulated genes involved in G1/S phase. KDM4D upregulated E2F1 and FoxM1 expression, whereas miR-199 and si-Sav1 induced Myc. Using transgenic mice over-expressing KDM4D together with Myc, we demonstrated that KDM4D/Myc significantly increased CM cell cycling but did not affect cardiac function. Conclusions KDM4D effects on CM cell cycle activity are additive with the Hippo-Yap1 pathway and appear to preferentially regulate different cell cycle regulators. This may have important implications for strategies that target cardiac regeneration in treating heart disease
The relationship between weight history and psychological health—Differences related to gender and weight loss patterns

Background The prevalence and burden of obesity continues to grow worldwide. Psychological comorbidities may not only influence quality of life, but may also hinder successful weight loss. The causality between excess weight and mental health issues is still not fully understood. The aim of the study was to investigate whetherweight history parameters, (ie.age of onset) are related to psychological comorbidities. Method The data were derived from a representative telephone survey in Germany, collecting information on weight loss patterns and mental health outcomes among individuals with BMI>30kg/m2. Overall, 787 participants were examined in terms of depressive symptoms (Patient Health Questionnaire, PHQ-9) and anxiety (Generalized Anxiety Disorder Questionnaire, GAD7). In addition, participants were asked about different aspects of their weight history (ie. weight loss patterns and trajectories) over the lifespan. The relationship between weight history and mental health was analyzed using multivariate statistics. Results According to regression analyses, having had more weight loss attempts, a greater weight loss being desired and being a “weight maintainer” was associated with more symptoms of depression (p < 0.001), whereas a greater desired weight loss and being categorized as a “weight maintainer” was associated with more anxiety (p < 0.001). Moroever, the prevalence of depressive symptoms was significantly higher in male individuals who desire to lose more weight or had more weight loss attempts in the past. Conclusion Gender-specific differences were observed in terms of weight history parameters, as well as mental health outcomes. Especially for men, weight loss patterns seem to be related to depressive symptoms. Concerning the overall results, it becomes clear that screening for weight history at the beginning of a multidisciplinary weight loss program in the context of gender-specific psychological comorbidities is important. The question remains why some aspects of weight history seem to be more important than others.
Control of mode behavior in semiconductor lasers

In this paper, aspects important to lateral-mode stability and single longitudinal-mode operation in the index-guided semiconductor lasers are examined and analyzed. These include the modal properties of the guiding structure and the current distribution in the active region. Waveguiding mechanisms in various structures are analyzed and approximate expressions for the number of lateral modes are obtained. Possible modes in rectangular dielectric waveguides are presented and discussed. The problems of nonsatisfaction of the boundary condition and ambiguity in the field polarization are pointed out, which could be important in structures with equally strong guiding and approximately equal dimensions in the transverse and lateral directions. New equations governing the current distribution in the active region are presented. Our work differs from the previous work in that the voltage path-independence condition, in addition to the current conservation condition, is taken into account in the equations. The discussions outlined above prepare the background for a discussion of the factors affecting lateral-mode stability and single longitudinal-mode operation. It is shown that a positive gain difference \Delta g must be maintained in the lateral direction for lateral-mode stability, even though a positive index difference \Delta n exists. The effect of nonuniform gain on longitudinal modes is examined. It is shown that a ten percent variation in carrier concentration can result in a shift in peak-gain wavelength about 25 A. For single longitudinal-mode operation, it is important to keep \Delta g within a certain limit, and the effect of spatial gain variation on spectral gain profile must be considered. The above ideas for maintaining lateral-mode stability and single longitudinal-mode operation are implemented in the narrow-channel DCC-CSP laser. Experimental results are reviewed in the light of the theoretical considerations. For optimal performance over an extended laser-power range, considerations must be given in the design of an index-guided laser to the combined effects of current spreading, spatial hole burning, and carrier diffusion, so as to maintain a positive but small \Delta g over the desired operation range.
Determinants of depressive symptoms in older outpatients with cardiometabolic diseases in a Japanese frailty clinic: Importance of bidirectional association between depression and frailty

Introduction Frailty and depression may play important roles in the management of older patients with cardiometabolic diseases. We explored the determinants of depressive symptoms and their association with frailty among patients with cardiometabolic diseases (hypertension, diabetes, and atrial fibrillation) in a cross-sectional study. Methods A total of 633 outpatients aged 65 years or older with cardiometabolic disease and suspected symptoms of frailty participated in this study. Depressive symptoms, physical activity, and social network were assessed using the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS)-15, International Physical Activity Questionnaire, and Lubben Social Network Scale-6 (LSNS-6), respectively. Frailty was evaluated using the Kihon Checklist (KCL) based on the Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment (CGA), the modified Cardiovascular Health Study (mCHS), and the Clinical Frailty Scale (CFS). Binomial logistic regression analysis was used to examine the determinants of depressive symptoms and their association with frailty. Results Depressive symptoms with GDS-15 scores ≥ 5 were present in 43.6% of the patients. In logistic regression, after adjusting for covariates, the determinants of depressive symptoms in all patients were lack of social network, low years of education, and frailty. In contrast, in logistic regression with frailty as the dependent variable, depressive symptoms were independently associated KCL-defined frailty (OR = 6.28, 95% CI: 4.13–9.55) and mCHS-defined frailty (OR = 2.66, 95% CI: 1.70–4.17), but not with CFS. Similarly, significant associations between depression and frailty were observed in patients with hypertension, diabetes, or atrial fibrillation. Conclusions Lack of social networks, low education, and frailty based on the KCL and mCHS were important determinants of depressive symptoms in all patients. The relatively strong associations between depressive symptoms and frailty based on CGA in patients with hypertension, diabetes, or atrial fibrillation suggest that the assessment of depressive symptoms is of great importance in clinical practice in those patients at high risk of frailty.
Use of urgent, emergency and acute care by mental health service users: A record-level cohort study

Background People with serious mental illness experience worse physical health and greater mortality than the general population. Crude rates of A&E attendance and acute hospital admission are higher in people with serious mental illness than other hospital users. We aimed to further these findings by undertaking a standardised comparison of urgent and emergency care pathway use among users of mental health services and the general population. Methods Retrospective cohort analysis using routine data from 2013–2016 from the CUREd dataset for urgent and emergency care contacts (NHS 111, ambulance, A&E and acute admissions) and linked mental health trust data for Sheffield, England. We compared annual age- and sex-standardised usage rates for each urgent and emergency care service between users of mental health services and those without a recent history of mental health service use. Results We found marked differences in usage rates for all four urgent and emergency care services between the general population and users of mental health services. Usage rates and the proportion of users were 5–6 times and 3–4 times higher in users of mental health services, respectively, for all urgent and emergency care services. Users of mental health services were often more likely to experience the highest or lowest acuity usage characteristics. Conclusions Current users of mental health services were heavily over-represented among urgent and emergency care users, and they made more contacts per-person. Higher service use among users of mental health services could be addressed by improved community care, more integrated physical and mental health support, and more proactive primary care. A complex pattern of service use among users of mental health services suggests this will need careful targeting to reduce avoidable contacts and optimise patient outcomes.
A qualitative evidence synthesis exploring people after stroke, family members, carers and healthcare professionals’ experiences of early supported discharge (ESD) after stroke

Objective Early supported discharge (ESD) after stroke has been shown to generate significant cost savings and reduce both hospital length of stay, and long-term dependency. This study aimed to systematically review and synthesise qualitative studies of the experiences and views of ESD from the perspective of people after stroke, their family members, carers and healthcare professionals. Method A systematic search of eleven databases; CINAHL, PubMed Central, Embase, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Sage, Academic Search Complete, Directory of Open Access Journal, The Cochrane Library, PsycARTICLES and SCOPUS, was conducted from 1995 to January 2022. Qualitative or mixed methods studies that included qualitative findings on the perspectives or experiences of people after stroke, family members, carers and healthcare professionals of an ESD service were included. The protocol was registered with the Prospero database (Registration: CRD42020135197). The methodological quality of studies was assessed using the 10-item CASP checklist for qualitative studies. Results were synthesised using Thomas and Harden’s three step approach for thematic synthesis. Results Fourteen studies were included and five key themes were identified (1) ESD eases the transition home, but not to community services, (2) the home environment enhances rehabilitation, (3) organisational, and interprofessional factors are critical to the success of ESD, (4) ESD is experienced as a goal-focused and collaborative process, and (5) unmet needs persisted despite ESD. Conclusion The findings of this qualitative evidence synthesis highlight that experiences of ESD were largely very positive. The transition from ESD to community services was deemed to be problematic and other unmet needs such as information needs, and carer support require further investigation.
A model of lingual coarticulation based on articulatory constraints

The magnitude and temporal extent of consonantal and vocalic coarticulation are reported for VCV sequences with two vowels (/i/, /a/) and seven consonants (/p/, /n/, dark /l/, /s/, /∫/, /ɲ/,/k/). Different degrees of articulatory constraint, or DAC values, are assigned to the consonants and vowels based on knowledge of their articulatory properties, in particular, the degree of involvement of the tongue dorsum in closure or constriction formation. Mean results on dorsopalatal contact and F2 frequency for five speakers of the Catalan language are presented. Predictions based on the DAC value for consonants and vowels account satisfactorily for the C-to-V effects (e.g., those for /ɲa/ are more prominent that those for /pi/); moreover, vowel-dependent effects tend to be negatively correlated with the DAC value for the consonant (e.g., they are more prominent when the intervocalic consonant is /p/ than when it is dark /l/). V-to-C effects are also conditioned by the tongue-dorsum position for the consonantal .