Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Modelling and simulation of a storage system connected to a wind farm under ramp-rate limitation

ABSTRACT Ramp-rate limitation is a strategy to reduce wind power variability and to permit the integration of wind power into the grid. However, penalties occur whenever the ramp-rate limitations are not respected. The purpose of this paper is to compute the penalties to which a wind farm may undergo when a battery storage system is put alongside the wind farm. This is achieved by advancing a semi-Markov model which mimes the operations on the battery and considers a new reward structure which is dependent on the time length of the battery operations. Two Monte Carlo algorithms are proposed for simulating the penalty process. The paper shows the validity of the methodology by verifying the model assumptions directly on real data and through a comparison of the real and the simulated results. This paper contributes to the literature by extending previous stochastic models and providing a general methodology for the economical characterization of ramp-rate limitation policies.
Steven Johnson Syndrome in a 102-Year-Old Woman in Saudi Arabia: A Case Report

Medicines often cause serious immune-mediated mucocutaneous reactions including Steven-Johnson Syndrome (SJS) and toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN). In the acute phase of SJS and TEN, a febrile illness is followed by cutaneous erythema with blister formation, skin and mucous membrane necrosis, and separation of the skin and mucous membranes. The patient swiftly becomes in danger of dying, necessitating immediate medical attention. In this case report, we described a case of Steven-Johnson Syndrome in a 102-year-old female who was receiving palliative care and had stage 5 chronic renal disease. Although the agent that caused SJS in this patient is unknown, the patient was managed with topical medication, bandages for the lesions, and oral antihistamines. Skin biopsy, abdomen ultrasound, and sezary cell test were advised for the patient. Such presentations at that age have not, to our knowledge, been documented before.
‘With a little social support … ’: assessing the moderating effect of social support on risk factors and mental well-being among youth

ABSTRACT The mental well-being of youth is influenced by life events, which affects mental health in adulthood. Social support has been shown to have a buffering effect on the impact such events may have on mental health. This research aimed to explore the effect social support has on risk factors, such as youth delinquency and discrimination from private individuals and authorities and how these influence mental well-being. Drawing on data from a study of Norwegian youth and young adults (n = 2588), gender, trust in others and parents’ background positively influenced mental well-being. Use of alcohol, cannabis and experiences of discrimination negatively influenced mental well-being. Social support moderated these negative effects to various degrees. The findings can be applied to targeted social work interventions aiming to strengthen youths’ well-being and ability to cope with life struggles. Social workers have a strong ally in the youths’ network, and the youths themselves should be key players in selecting their supporters.
Millennial Generation’s Islamic Banking Behavioral Intention: The Moderating Role of Profit-Loss Sharing, Perceived Financial Risk, Knowledge of Riba, and Marketing Relationship

Despite tons of studies on Islamic banking (IB) behavior, there is a lack of understanding of the Millennial generation’s attitude to and subjective norms surrounding Islamic banking, as well as of their behavioral intention toward Islamic banking. Therefore, the present study investigates the influence of the Millennial generation’s attitude and subjective norms on their behavioral intention toward Islamic banking products and services. This study also focuses on the moderating roles of profit-loss sharing, perceived financial risk, knowledge of riba, and relationship marketing on the nexus of antecedent and behavioral intent of Islamic banking. This study has developed a conceptual framework, employed a questionnaire to collect data for understudying relationships, and constructed a predictive model. Within the proposed conceptual framework, structural equation modeling is employed to investigate the extent and direction of the link. We discovered that Millennial generation consumers’ attitudes and subjective norms influence and predict their behavioral intention towards Islamic banking. With the exception of perceived financial risk, all moderators have direct effects on behavior intention toward Islamic banking and could be antecedents of behavior intention toward Islamic banking. Profit-and-loss sharing and knowledge of riba moderate the nexus of attitude and behavioral intention and the nexus of subject norms and behavioral intention. Our findings thus extend the literature on Islamic banking and consumer behavior context.
Restoration of the senses and human communication: Sustainable Development Goals 3 and 9

Abstract Purpose This invited commentary addresses the importance of the senses in human communication, outlines advances achieved with cochlear implants, and new research directions to improve neural prostheses. Result In severely deaf people, cochlear implants restore speech understanding and enable children to achieve spoken language. Research in neural prostheses is advancing the restoration of hearing, vision, tactile senses, movement and the management of epilepsy. Bio-inspired stimulation strategies incorporating temporal and spatial characteristics of neural responses may deliver improved speech, vision and tactile perception using prostheses. To achieve stable long-term stimulation, chronic inflammation at the brain-electrode interface may be reduced using ROCK/Rho signalling pathway inhibitors and materials with brain-mimicking properties. Conclusion This commentary paper addresses two Sustainable Development Goals: industry, innovation and infrastructure (SDG 9) and good health and well-being (SDG 3).
The Association between Symptomatic Rotavirus Infection and Histo-Blood Group Antigens in Young Children with Diarrhea in Pretoria, South Africa

Objectives: Recently, histo-blood group antigens (HBGAs) have been identified as receptors or attachment factors of several viral pathogens. Among rotaviruses, HBGAs interact with the outer viral protein, VP4, which has been identified as a potential susceptibility factor, although the findings are inconsistent throughout populations due to HBGA polymorphisms. We investigated the association between HBGA phenotypes and rotavirus infection in children with acute gastroenteritis in northern Pretoria, South Africa. Methods: Paired diarrheal stool and saliva samples were collected from children aged ≤ 59 months (n = 342) with acute moderate to severe diarrhea, attending two health care facilities. Rotaviruses in the stool samples were detected by commercial EIA and the rotavirus strains were characterized by RT-PCR targeting the outer capsid VP7 (G-type) and VP4 (P-type) antigens for genotyping. Saliva-based ELISAs were performed to determine A, B, H, and Lewis antigens for blood group typing. Results: Blood type O was the most common blood group (62.5%) in this population, followed by groups A (26.0%), B (9.3%), and AB (2.2%). The H1-based secretors were common (82.7%) compared to the non-secretors (17.3%), and the Lewis antigen positive phenotypes (Le(a+b+)) were predominant (54.5%). Blood type A children were more likely to be infected by rotavirus (38.8%) than any other blood types. P[4] rotaviruses (21/49; 42.9%) infected only secretor individuals, whereas P[6] rotaviruses (3/49; 6.1%) only infected Le(a−b−), although the numbers were very low. On the contrary, P[8] rotaviruses infected children with a wide range of blood group phenotypes, including Le(a−b−) and non-secretors. Conclusions: Our findings demonstrated that Lewis antigens, or the lack thereof, may serve as susceptibility factors to rotaviral infection by specific VP4 genotypes as observed elsewhere. Potentially, the P[8] strains remain the predominant human VP4 genotype due to their ability to bind to a variety of HBGA phenotypes.
Waves due to a steadily moving source on a floating ice plate. Part 2

This paper extends previous theoretical work on waves in floating ice plates to take account of the following effects: (i) compressive stress in the plane of the plate, (ii) uniform flow in the underlying water, and (iii) stratification of the underlying water. The first two effects are unlikely to be important in practice, causing respectively a slight decrease in phase speed and mainly a re-orientation of the wave pattern due to a steadily moving source. A two-layer model is used to describe stratification, which introduces a new system of slow internal waves associated with the layer interface, while the surface flexural waves are only slightly modified. In the case of unstratified water there is a minimum speed cmin such that more slowly moving sources excite a static rather than a wavelike response in the ice. With stratified water there remains a variety of steady wave patterns due to the internal waves, at source speeds below cmin. Another important effect of stratification is to greatly increase wave drag. For certain source load distributions, internal-wave amplitudes may grow until linear theory is no longer applicable.
How deep do you go? Clinical prediction of nasopharyngeal depth based on facial measurements

Nasopharyngeal depth (ND) prediction is clinically relevant in performing medical procedures, and in enhancing technique accuracy and patient safety. Nonetheless, clinical predictive variables and normative data in adults remain limited. This study aimed to determine normative data on ND and its correlation to external facial measurements. A multicenter cross‐sectional study obtained data from adults presenting to otolaryngology clinics at five sites in Canada, Italy, and Spain. Investigators compared endoscopically measured depth from the nasal sill (soft tissue between the nasal ala and columella) to nasopharynx along the nasal floor to the “curved distance from the alar‐facial groove along the face to the tragus” and “distance from the tragus to a plane perpendicular to the philtrum. ” When sinus computed tomography images were available, the distance from the nasopharynx to the nasal sill was also collected. 371 patients participated in the study (41% women; 51 years old, SD 18). Average ND was 9.4 cm (SD 0.86) and 10.1 cm (SD 0.9) for women and men, respectively (p < 0.001; 95% CI 0.46–0.86). Perpendicular distance was strongly correlated to ND (r = 0.775; p < 0.001), with an average underestimation of 0.1 cm (SD 0.65; 95% CI 0.06–0.2). The equation: ND (cm) = perpendicular distance*0.773 + 2.344, generated from 271 randomly selected participants, and validated on 100 participants, resulted in a 0.03 cm prediction error (SD 0.61; 95% CI −0.08–0.16). Nasopharyngeal depth can be approximated by the distance from the tragus to a plane perpendicular to the philtrum.
Epitaxy of Ge–Sb–Te phase-change memory alloys

The authors demonstrate the epitaxy of Ge–Sb–Te alloys close to the Ge2Sb2Te5 composition on GaSb(001). Using molecular beam epitaxy with elemental sources, amorphous films are obtained at growth temperatures below 120 °C and films with a cubic structure and a predominant cube-on-cube epitaxial relationship above 180 °C. Using a high-power pulsed laser, the epitaxial films are switched between the crystalline and the amorphous phases. Streaks in the diffraction data help to resolve the apparent ambiguity in interatomic distances between earlier x-ray absorption and powder diffraction measurements. The structural changes are confirmed by Raman spectroscopy.
Coupled Surface Plasmons in a Symmetric System

Abstract Results of an experimental study of a totally symmetric prism/silver film/air gap/silver film/prism system are presented in which both symmetric and antisymmetric surface plasmon-polaritons (SPP) are optically excited using 632·8 nm radiation. Data taken over a range of air gap thicknesses illustrate many interesting features in accordance with predictions made using Fresnel's equations. The manner in which the two coupled SPPs evolve in terms of Poynting vector distribution and electric field profiles within the structure is studied in detail. Both the transmitted and the reflected attenuated total reflection signals are investigated.
Timing of Tracheostomy in Critically Ill Infants and Children With Respiratory Failure: A Pediatric Health Information System Study

OBJECTIVES: Tracheostomy placement in infants and children with respiratory failure has steadily increased over time, yet there is no consensus for optimal timing. We sought to: 1) describe tracheostomy timing and associated demographic and clinical characteristics in a large ICU cohort and 2) compare clinical outcomes between subgroups based on tracheostomy timing. DESIGN: Retrospective observational study using the Pediatric Health Information System (PHIS). SETTING: Neonatal ICUs and PICUs in the United States. PATIENTS: PHIS was queried for patients less than 18 years who underwent tracheostomy from 2010 to 2020. Patients were included if admitted to an ICU with need for mechanical ventilation (MV) prior to tracheostomy in the same hospitalization. Patients were categorized as early tracheostomy (ET) (placement at MV day ≤ 14), late tracheostomy (LT) (MV days 15–60), and extended tracheostomy (ExT) (MV day > 60). Primary endpoints included demographic and clinical characteristics. Secondary endpoints included patient outcomes: in-hospital mortality, length of stay (LOS), hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP), and hospital costs. INTERVENTIONS: None. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Sixteen thousand one hundred twenty-one patients underwent tracheostomy at 52 children’s hospitals. Ten thousand two hundred ninety-five had complete data and were included in the analysis. Thirty-nine percent (4,006/10,295) underwent ET, 40% (4,159/10,295) underwent LT, and 21% (2,130/10,295) underwent ExT. Majority of patients in all subgroups had complex chronic conditions. Median age was significantly different between subgroups with ET being the oldest (p < 0.001). A multivariable regression analysis showed that ET was associated with lower in-hospital mortality (p < 0.001), shorter hospital LOS (p < 0.001), shorter ICU LOS (p < 0.001), shorter post-tracheostomy LOS (p < 0.001), decreased HAP (p < 0.001), and lower hospital costs (p < 0.001) compared with those who underwent LT or ExT. CONCLUSIONS: In a large cohort of pediatric patients with respiratory failure, tracheostomy placement within 14 days of MV was associated with improved in-hospital outcomes. ET was independently associated with decreased mortality, LOS, HAP, and hospital costs.
BATSE Observations and Orbit Determination of the Be/X-Ray Transient EXO 2030+375

The Be/X-ray binary transient pulsar EXO 2030+375 (Ps≈42 s) has been observed with the large-area detectors (LADs) of the Burst and Transient Source Experiment (BATSE) on the Compton Gamma Ray Observatory (CGRO). Beginning in 1991 May, 22 outbursts were observed over 4 years. Thirteen outbursts between 1992 February and 1993 August occurred consecutively at intervals of ≈46 days, close to the orbital period determined by Parmar and colleagues using EXOSAT data. The pulse profiles from the BATSE data are double peaked and show no significant energy or luminosity dependence, unlike the EXOSAT observations of 1985 May-August. An exponential model was used to fit the observed hard X-ray energy spectra from the 13 consecutive outbursts. When EXOSAT discovered this pulsar during a giant outburst in 1985 May, the X-ray luminosity peaked at LX=1.0×1038 ergs s-1 (1-20 keV), assuming a 5 kpc distance to the source. The BATSE outbursts are found to be weaker, 0.3×1037 ≤ LX(1-20 keV) ≤ 3.0×1037 ergs s-1 after extrapolating the observed flux (20-50 keV) to the EXOSAT energy band. Pulse phases derived from the 13 outbursts were fitted to two different models to determine a binary orbit. The new orbit is used to estimate 95% confidence limits for the mean peak spin frequency change during the outbursts observed with BATSE. This and the mean peak flux are compared to the spin-up rates and fluxes determined by EXOSAT from the 1985 giant outburst, where disk accretion was thought to have occurred. It is unclear whether these normal outbursts were driven by wind or disk accretion.
Ultrafast control of spin and motion in trapped ions

Title of dissertation: ULTRAFAST CONTROL OF SPIN AND MOTION IN TRAPPED IONS Jonathan Albert Mizrahi Doctor of Philosophy 2013 Dissertation directed by: Professor Christopher Monroe Joint Quantum Institute University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology Trapped atomic ions are a promising medium for quantum computing, due to their long coherence times and potential for scalability. Current methods of entangling ions rely on addressing individual modes of motion within the trap and applying qubit state dependent forces with external fields. This approach can limit the speed of entangling gates and make them vulnerable to decoherence due to coupling to unwanted modes or ion heating. This thesis is directed towards demonstrating novel entanglement schemes which are not limited by the trap frequency, and can be made almost arbitrarily fast. Towards this goal, I report here on the first experiments using ultrafast laser pulses to control the internal and external states of a single trapped ion. I begin with experiments in ultrafast spin control, showing how a single laser pulse can be used to completely control both spin degrees of freedom of the ion qubit in tens of picoseconds. I also show how a train of weak pulses can be used to drive Raman transitions based on a frequency comb. I then discuss experiments using pulses to rapidly entangle the spin with the motion, and how careful spectral redistribution allows a single pulse to execute a spin-dependent momentum kick. Finally, I explain how these spin-dependent momentum kicks can be used in the future to create an ultrafast entangling gate. I go over how such a gate would work, and present experimentally realizable timing sequences which would create a maximally entangled state of two ions in a time faster than the period of motion in the trap. ULTRAFAST CONTROL OF SPIN AND MOTION IN TRAPPED IONS
Analysis of adaptive optics control for the Advanced Technology Solar Telescope

Large aperture solar telescopes, such as the 4 meter aperture Advanced Technology Solar Telescope (ATST), depend on high order adaptive optics (AO) to achieve the telescope's diffraction limited resolution. The AO system not only corrects incoming distortions introduced by atmospheric turbulence, its performance also plays a critical role for the operation of other subsystems and affects the results obtained by downstream scientific instrumentation. For this reason, robust and optimal operation of the AO system is vital to maximize the scientific output of ATST. In order to optimize performance, we evaluate different strategies to obtain the control matrix of the AO system. The dependency of AO performance on various control parameters, such as different system calibration and reconstruction schemes, is analyzed using an AO simulation tool. The AO simulation tool provides a realistic solar AO system simulation and allows a detailed evaluation of the performance achieved by different calibration and reconstruction methods. The results of this study will guide the optimization of the AO system during design and operations.
Two-Dimensional Plasmonics in Massive and Massless Electron Gases

Plasmonic waves in solid-state are caused by collective oscillation of mobile charges inside or at the surface of conductors. In particular, surface plasmonic waves propagating at the skin of metals have recently attracted interest, as they reduce the wavelength of electromagnetic waves coupled to them by up to ∼10 times, allowing one to create miniaturized wave devices at optical frequencies. In contrast, plasmonic waves on two-dimensional (2D) conductors appear at much lower infrared and THz-GHz frequencies, near or in the electronics regime, and can achieve far stronger wavelength reduction factor reaching well above 100. In this thesis, we study the unique machinery of 2D plasmonic waves behind this ultra-subwavelength confinement and explore how it can be used to create various interesting devices. To this end, we first develop a physically intuitive theoretical formulation of 2D plasmonic waves, whose two main components—the Coulomb restoration force and inertia of the collectively oscillating charges—are combined into a transmission-line-like model. We then use this formulation to create various ultra-subwavelength 2D plasmonic devices. For the 2D conductor, we first choose GaAs/AlGaAs heterostructure—a 2D electron gas consisting of massive (m∗ > 0) electrons—demonstrating plasmonic bandgap crystals, interferometers, and negatively refracting metamaterials. We then examine a 2D plasmonic device based on graphene, a 2D electron gas consisting of effectively massless (m∗ = 0) electrons. We theoretically show and experimentally demonstrate that the massless electrons in graphene can surprisingly exhibit a collective mass when subjected to a collective excitation, providing the inertia that is essential for the propagation of 2D plasmonic waves. Lastly, we theoretically investigate the thermal current fluctuation behaviors in massive and massless electron gases. While seemingly unrelated on first sight, we show that the thermal current fluctuation is
Correlation of Fiber Intake to Non-Fasting Blood Glucose among Overweight Women

: Fiber roles as a vital key in maintaining blood glucose in people with diabetes mellitus. It prevents the breaking of carbohydrates into monosaccharides and may help control blood glucose levels. In addition, fiber will make us feel full longer, so we can eat less and prevent overeating. Women have a higher risk of developing hyperglycemia than men. This study aimed to analyze the correlation between fiber intake and non-fasting blood glucose among Overweight Women. This was a quantitative study with a cross-sectional approach, conducted at the Telaga Biru Health Center, Gorontalo District, in 2019. The population was women with BMI > 25, and about 115 people were involved as the sample. The data collected was including a 24-hour recall to determine the fiber intake and blood glucose level measured by random blood glucose test using Accu blood glucose check device. Then, data were analyzed through the Chi-square Test at a significance level of p < 0.05 through SPSS for windows. Among the overweight women at Telaga Biru Public Health Center, Gorontalo, 93.9% of respondents had a low fiber intake, and 23.5% were categorized as hyperglycemic. The average daily fiber intake among respondents was 15.82 g/day, and the maximum intake was 38.90 g/day. Meanwhile, the average blood glucose level of the respondents was 126.67 mg/dL, with the minimum and maximum values were 61 mg/dL and 381.0 mg/dL. Daily fiber intake did not correlate significantly to non-fasting blood glucose levels with p-value= 0.554 (α= 0.05). Fiber intake is not significantly correlated to non-fasting high blood glucose levels within overweight women.