Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
phyr: An R package for phylogenetic species-distribution modelling in ecological communities

Model-based approaches are increasingly popular in ecological studies. A good example of this trend is the use of joint species distribution models to ask questions about ecological communities. However, most current applications of model-based methods do not include phylogenies despite the well-known importance of phylogenetic relationships in shaping species distributions and community composition. In part, this is due to lack of accessible tools allowing ecologists to fit phylogenetic species distribution models easily. To fill this gap, the R package phyr (pronounced fire) implements a suite of metrics, comparative methods and mixed models that use phylogenies to understand and predict community composition and other ecological and evolutionary phenomena. The phyr workhorse functions are implemented in C++ making all calculations and model estimations fast. phyr can fit a variety of models such as phylogenetic joint-species distribution models, spatiotemporal-phylogenetic autocorrelation models, and phylogenetic trait-based bipartite network models. phyr also estimates phylogenetically independent trait correlations with measurement error to test for adaptive syndromes and performs fast calculations of common alpha and beta phylogenetic diversity metrics. All phyr methods are united under Brownian motion or Ornstein-Uhlenbeck models of evolution and phylogenetic terms are modelled as phylogenetic covariance matrices. The functions and model formula syntax we propose in phyr serves as a simple and unified framework that ignites the use of phylogenies to address a variety of ecological questions.
Food for the Empire: dietary pattern of Imperial Rome inhabitants

This paper aims to provide a broad diet reconstruction for people buried in archaeologically defined contexts in Rome (1st-3rd centuries CE), in order to combine archaeological and biological evidence focusing on dietary preferences in Imperial Rome. A sample of 214 human bones recovered from 6 funerary contexts were selected for carbon and nitrogen stable isotope analysis. The baseline for the terrestrial protein component of the diet was set using 17 coeval faunal remains recovered from excavations at Rome supplemented by previously published data for the same geographic and chronological frames. δ13C ranges from −19.95‰ to −14.78‰, whereas δ15N values are between 7.17‰ and 10.00‰. The values are consistent with an overall diet mainly based on terrestrial resources. All the human samples rely on a higher trophic level than the primary consumer faunal samples. Certainly, C3 plants played a pivotal role in the dietary habits. However, C4 plants also seem to have been consumed, albeit they were not as widespread and were not always used for human consumption. The environment played a critical role also for Romans of lower social classes. The topographical location determined the preferential consumption of food that people could obtain from their neighborhood.
Prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii and Cytomegalovirus in Sera of Aborted Women in Samaraa city

The aim of this study was to detect the relationship between Toxoplasmosis , Cytomegalovirus infections and occurrence of abortion. The records of 173 aborted women between age of less than twenty years and fifty years old attending to the hospital of Samaraa general hospital from October 2015 to April 2016 were reviewed. Investigation by using VIDAS technique represented that T. Gondii antibodies showed in 54(31.2 %) of aborted women ,while 23(13.3 %) represented infected with Cytomegalovirus and 7(4.1%) were infected with both Toxoplasmosis and Cytomegalovirus. Also the study showed that 77 (44.5%) of aborted women were in aged groups between 21-30 years old ,and the anti-toxoplasmosis IgM &IgG found in 66(38.2%) and anti-cytomegalovirus IgM &IgG found only in 30(17.34%) in aborted women.
An Examination of Comorbid Pain Conditions in Type 2 Diabetes

AVERYT, JENNIFER C. , Ph.D., August 2012, Clinical Psychology An Examination of Comorbid Pain Conditions in Type 2 Diabetes (115 pp.) Director of Dissertation: Bernadette D. Heckman Both neuropathic and non-neuropathic pain conditions (e.g., arthritis and lower back pain) are common in adults with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and are associated with higher levels of depression, lower quality of life (QOL), and less efficacious self-care. The current study sought to (a) examine the prevalence, chronicity, severity, and interference of comorbid pain conditions in a clinical sample of adults with T2DM, (b) explore the psychosocial correlates of pain conditions in adults with T2DM, and (c) examine the relationship between pain severity and self-care behaviors in adults with T2DM and determine whether or not self-efficacy mediates this relationship. Ninety-four adults with T2DM attending endocrinology clinics completed interviews and questionnaires about their experience of pain, psychiatric symptoms, quality of life, and self-care activities. Over 72% of patients endorsed symptoms of chronic pain. Of these patients, 60.3% reported non-neuropathic pain only, 5.9% reported having only neuropathic pain, and 33.8% endorsed having both neuropathic and non-neuropathic pain. Patients with both neuropathic and non-neuropathic pain had significantly lower QOL, higher levels of depression and anxiety, and lower levels of self-care activity than patients with no pain or non-neuropathic only pain. Pain-related self-efficacy was found to mediate the relationship between pain severity and diabetes self-care activities. Findings suggest that assessment of pain, particularly non-neuropathic pain, is important
Spatiotemporal Delivery of Complementary Proteins for Repair of the Infarcted Myocardium

Ischemic heart disease is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. After the onset of myocardial infarction, multiple pathologies develop and progress the disease towards heart failure. Pathologies such as ischemia, inflammation, cardiomyocyte death, ventricular remodeling and dilation, and interstitial fibrosis, develop and involve the signaling of many proteins. Therapeutic proteins can play important roles in limiting or countering pathological changes after infarction. However, they typically have low retention rate and short half-lives in vivo in their free form and can benefit from the advantages offered by controlled release systems to overcome their challenges. Protein-based therapies can be more effective when concerns such as spatiotemporal presentation, bioactivity, and retention are addressed. We tested the efficacy of controlled delivery of different combinations of cardiac-implicated proteins such as VEGF, HGF, PDGF, FGF-2, IL-10, TIMP-3, and SDF-1α. The controlled delivery of an optimal combination of proteins per their physiologic spatiotemporal cues to the infarcted myocardium holds great potential to repair and regenerate the damaged heart muscle. To address this issue, we developed a spatiotemporal delivery vehicle comprised of fibrin gel and heparin-based coacervates. Proteins that should be released relatively quickly are embedded in the fibrin gel, while proteins that should be released over a longer period are embedded in the coacervate and distributed in the same gel. This dissertation describes the process of developing the fibrin gel-coacervate composite for spatiotemporal delivery of therapeutic proteins and demonstrates its potential in triggering a significant cardiac repair process. It explores the ability of the coacervate to co-release different proteins, the development of the fibrin gel-coacervate system to achieve sequential delivery of different proteins, and the optimization of protein combinations and doses, paving the way for a potential comprehensive strategy to treat myocardial infarction.
615O_PRHybrid minimally invasive vs. open esophagectomy for patients with esophageal cancer: Long-term outcomes of a multicenter, open-label, randomized phase III controlled trial, the MIRO trial

C. Mariette, S. Markar, T.S. Dabakuyo-Yonli, B. Meunier, D. Pezet, D. Collet, X.B. D’Journo, C. Brigand, T. Perniceni, N. Carrere, F. Bonnetain, G. Piessen Department of Digestive and Oncological Surgery, Claude Huriez University Hospital, Lille, France, Surgery and Cancer, St. Mary’s Hospital Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK, Biostatistics and Quality of Life Unit, EA4184, Centre Georges François Leclerc, Dijon, France, Departement of Digestive Surgery, Pontchailloux University Hospital, Rennes, France, Department of Digestive Surgery, D’Estaing University Hospital, Clermont Ferrand, France, Department of Digestive Surgery, Haut Leveque University Hospital, Bordeaux, France, Department of Thoracic Surgery, North University Hospital, Marseille, France, Department of Digestive Surgery, Hautepierre University Hospital, Strasbourg, France, Department of Digestive Surgery, Institut Mutualiste Montsouris, Paris, France, Department of Digestive Surgery, Purpan University Hospital, Toulouse, France, Methodological and Quality of Life Unit in Oncology (INSERM UMR 1098), University Hospital Jean Minjoz, Besançon, France
Analysis of the Physical Education and Sports Studying Students Physical Development State in the Far North of Russia

This study describes the state of Yakut national Institute physical culture and sports students physical development, operating in the Far North of Russia. One hundred and eighteen students (58 boys and 60 girls) aged 18-20 years, who are studying in the 1st, 2nd, 3rd year, participated in the study. Data on body length, weight, chest circumference, vital index, body strength index were analyzed on the basis of regional body centile intervals performance standards. The students ' physical development is characterized by differences in somatotypes performance and low physiometric indicators. Keywords—physical development; life index; body strength
A cross-validated three-dimensional model of an englacial and subglacial drainage system in a High-Arctic glacier

Recent speleological surveys of meltwater drainage systems in cold and polythermal glaciers have documented dynamic englacial and in some cases subglacial conduits formed by the ‘cut-and-closure’ mechanism. Investigations of the spatial distribution of such conduits often require a combination of different methods. Here, we studied the englacial drainage system in the cold glacier Longyearbreen, Svalbard by combining speleological exploration of a 478 m long meltwater conduit with a high-resolution ground penetrating radar (GPR) survey with two different centre-frequencies (25 and 100 MHz). The results yielded a 3-D documentation of the present englacial drainage system. The study shows that the overall form of englacial conduits can be detected from velocity−depth converted GPR data, and that the 3-D model can facilitate a method to pinpoint the reflections in a radargram corresponding with the englacial drainage system, although fine detail cannot be resolved. Visible reflections approximately parallel to the mapped englacial water drainage system likely result from sediment incorporated in the ice or from abandoned parts of the englacial drainage system.
Paleolithic Protection in a Western World: A Look Into Preagricultural Nutrition as a Remedy for the Diseases of Civilization

The aim of this investigation is to discover the associations of the Western diet to noncommunicable diseases and to determine if a reversion to a Paleolithic diet will provide treatment and prevention of these diseases. Noncommunicable diseases, otherwise known as “Diseases of Civilization”, are lifestyle influenced diseases and encompass obesity, diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, and associated cancers. Incidences of these diseases have skyrocketed in the past century and show no signs of decline. Since 1900, the death rates due to heart disease and cancer have risen to account for 47% of total deaths in the United States in 2010. (Tippett, 2014) This investigation provides a look into the influence of processed foods, fast foods, and the biochemical processes of the human body to discover the effects of diet on disease. Based on the results of this investigation, the Paleolithic diet serves as an ideal diet to follow in order to prevent contraction of noncommunicable diseases. However, execution of this diet is very difficult. Therefore, small steps towards the dietary habits of Paleolithic people such as purchasing seasonal, locally grown food, avoiding processed foods and fast foods, and spending more time cooking and learning about healthy foods could begin to change the effects of this epidemic.
Family supportive supervisor behaviours and turnover intentions: testing a multiple mediation model in the New Zealand hospitality industry

ABSTRACT Within New Zealand, the turnover rate within the hospitality sector is high, which can be expensive in terms of performance, recruitment and training costs. However, while research asserts an employee’s immediate managers can have a strong influence on retention, less is known within the hospitality sector of New Zealand. The present study investigates how family supportive supervision behaviours (FSSB) influence employees’ turnover intentions and includes organisational trust and job satisfaction as potential mediators. Using a sample of 149 hospitality workers and the PROCESS macro, our analysis shows that FSSB is negatively related to turnover intentions and positively related to organisational trust and job satisfaction. However, both these job attitudes fully mediate the influence of FSSB and indicate that good leadership builds positive work attitudes and it is these that ultimately shape turnover intentions. Consequently, FSSB should be encouraged so leaders through positively supporting workers work and family commitments can enhance employee attitudes and in turn help retain their hospitality workforce.
Future Challenges in the Modelling and Simulations of High-pressure Flows

ABSTRACT The study of high-pressure turbulent combustion is a relatively new field in the realm of combustion studies. The coupling between the conservation equations and the equation of state is examined here in order to highlight the existing challenges in performing accurate numerical simulations at high-pressure conditions. The multi-species mass fluxes and the heat flux contained in the conservation equations are those derived from fundamental physics and incorporate transport properties computed using models valid at high-pressure situations. The intricacies in evaluating results obtained from the corresponding simulations with experimental data are addressed. The numerical approaches that stem from either lack of experimental initial condition information or from differences between the experimental configuration versus the simulation configuration are discussed. Experimental difficulties are also addressed, particularly those related to obtaining meaningful data to discriminate between high-pressure models and atmospheric-pressure models.
CDPM: Convolutional Deformable Part Models for Person Re-identification

Part-level representations are essential for robust person re-identification. Due to errors in pedestrian detection, there are usually severe mis-alignment problems for body parts, which degrade the quality of part representations. To handle this problem, we propose a novel model named Convolutional Deformable Part Models (CDPM). CDPM works by decoupling the complex part alignment procedure into two easier steps. First, a vertical alignment step detects each part in the vertical direction with the help of a multi-task learning model. Second, a horizontal refinement step based on self-attention suppresses the background information around each detected body part. Since the two steps are performed orthogonally and sequentially, the difficulty of part alignment is significantly reduced. In the testing stage, CDPM is able to accurately align flexible body parts without the need of any outside information. Extensive experimental results justify the effectiveness of CDPM for part alignment. Most impressively, CDPM achieves state-of-the-art performance on three large-scale datasets: Market-1501, DukeMTMC-ReID,and CUHK03.
The association between risky decision making and attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptoms: A preregistered assessment of need for cognition as underlying mechanism

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is related to suboptimal decision making in experimental tasks and to real-life risk-taking behavior (RTB) such as substance abuse and unsafe traffic conduct. In this preregistered study, we tested whether these associations are mediated by need for cognition — the extent to which one tends towards, and enjoys, analytical thought. In a large sample of young adults ( N = 463, M age = 19.7 years), we tested whether need for cognition mediated the association between self-reported ADHD symptoms on the one hand and decision-making strategy complexity on an experimental gambling task and self-reported real-life RTB on the other hand. Preregistered confirmatory analyses indicated first that ADHD symptoms were positively associated with real-life RTB, but the association was not mediated by need for cognition. Second, ADHD symptoms were not related to decision-making strategy complexity, and need for cognition was not a significant mediator. Explorative analyses revealed that (a) need for cognition was associated with higher decision-making accuracy and slower reaction time; (b) need for cognition was related to inattentive but not to hyperactive/impulsive ADHD symptoms; (c) need for cognition was associated with health-related RTB but not interpersonal RTB; and (4) only the association between inattention and health-related RTB was mediated by need for cognition. We conclude that need for cognition is not a mediator in the association between ADHD symptoms and RTB. Additionally, we conclude that neither ADHD symptoms nor need for cognition predict decision-making strategy complexity. Implications for both future research and clinical practice are discussed.
Multilingual communication under the radar: how multilingual children challenge the dominant monolingual discourse in a super-diverse, Early Years educational setting in England

ABSTRACT The operant “one nation – one language” model in Western culture has resulted in linguistic hegemony being almost universally presented as an uncontentious reality. This article accepts Foucault’s challenge to deconstruct this officially sanctioned “truth” by looking at how the educational system in England legitimises the discourse that speaking English is normal, marginalising multilingual practices. Data is drawn from a year-long study of thirty “super-diverse” children in an inner-city school in the north of England. The research presents language portraits in which the children demonstrate they have internalised the rhetoric that English should be spoken in school. These are contrasted with ethnographic observations which provide co-constructed researcher-pupil cartoons representing social interactions in a range of contexts. The illustrations demonstrate how the children challenge the idealisation of English language in school by operating spatial agency in which they seek (and find) opportunities in peripheral and liminal spaces to speak their own language.
Developing job aids to increase adherence to an antibiotic regimen in children with pneumonia in Niger.

The development of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has increased the worldwide threat of infectious disease. Strategies to curb the development of AMR include improving (1) patient counseling and (2) antibiotic regimen adherence. The purpose of this study was to develop job aids to enhance parental compliance with antibiotic regimens (specifically cotrimoxazole) for the treatment of pneumonia in children in the Dosso Region Boboye District of Niger. As a first step a qualitative methodology was used to assess parental knowledge of respiratory infection medications (specifically antibiotic therapy) traditional remedies healthseeking behavior cultural beliefs about wellness and illness traditional dissemination of information and the appropriate way to deliver a message to caretakers of children. Observation of health center activities included patient counseling availability and/or quality of counseling materials and the number and duration of antibiotic stock outs. The findings of the first step were presented in a workshop for Ministry of Health personnel in Niger. Workshop participants developed key messages which resulted in several ideas for job aids for both health workers and caretakers. These ideas included a counseling card and poster for health workers and a medication envelope with images from the counseling card/poster for mothers. Draft versions were tested modified and retested prior to production. (authors)
Energy Efficient Transmit-Receive Hybrid Spatial Modulation for Large-Scale MIMO Systems

We consider a point to point large-scale multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) system operating in the millimeter wave (mmWave) band and an outdoor scenario. Novel transmit and receive spatial modulation (SM) schemes are proposed for uplink (UL) and downlink (DL) data transmission phases based on a novel energy efficient hybrid user terminal architecture. The analog circuitry of the proposed hybrid architecture is divided into two stages: phase shifters and analog switches. The phase shifting stage assures high gain and overcomes the severe path-loss caused by outdoor mmWave propagation. The analog switching stage smartly allocates the antennas to be used at the phase shifting stage and combats the spatial correlation. We provide the analysis of the spectral efficiency <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$({{SE}})$ </tex-math></inline-formula> of the UL and DL systems. Next, we propose a reduced complexity algorithm that jointly optimizes the analog beamformer and combiner design of the UL and DL circuitry to maximize the energy efficiency <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$({{EE}})$ </tex-math></inline-formula>. Finally, we compare and evaluate the performance of the proposed algorithm in terms of the <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${{SE}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> and <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${{EE}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> assuming both stochastic and realistic channel models.