Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Phytochemical and in-vitro antioxidant properties of ethyl acetate leave extract of Dryopteris dilatata on Wistar rats

Medicinal plants contain natural bio-active constituents in various parts called photochemical that are of therapeutic importance. This research was undertaken to determine the phytochemical constituents and in-vitro antioxidant activities of ethyl acetate extract of Dryopteris dilatata leaves (DDL). Phytochemical analysis was determined on the plant samples following established protocols. The antioxidant property of Dryopteris dilatata leaves was evaluated using ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), superoxide scavenging radical activity (SSRA) and hydroxyl radical activity (OH) assay. The results of the phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of the following phenols, terpenoid, alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, cardiac glycosides and saponins, while steroids, carbohydrates, proteins, amino acids and phlobotannins were below detectable levels. DDL leaves produced significant (P<0.05) levels of ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), superoxide scavenging radical activity (SSRA) and hydroxyl radical activity (OH) in a concentration dependent manner compared to the reference antioxidants, ascorbic acid and manitol; therefore, the extract could serve as free radical scavenger, acting as primary antioxidants. Based on the phytoconstituents and antioxidant activities, it could be concluded that D. dilatata could be of great value in the management of hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, and cancer, among other diseases that could be caused as a result of oxidative stress. This calls for further exploration of its bioactive compound. Key words: Phytochemicals, Dryopteris dilatata, in-vitro antioxidant and, oxidative stress.
Tourist Visit in the Era of Covid 19: Does it Impact on the Economy of Local Communities in Bena Tourism Village?

The purpose of this study is to analyze the impact of tourist visits in the Covid-19 era on the economy of local communities in the traditional village of Bena. The approach used in this research is descriptive qualitative, with the data collection method is in-depth interviews. The informants in this study were local people around the tourist area. The results of this study indicated that the quantity of entry ticket sales, the number of woven cloth sales, and the decreasing number of tour guide work due to the decrease in the number of tourist visits in the Covid 19 era are the impacts of the decline in the economy of local communities in the traditional village of
STRENGTHENING CHAIRMAN’S LEADERSHIP TO IMPROVE FARMERS GROUP EFFECTIVENESS

The research aims to analyze descriptively the role of leadership, the effectiveness of farmer groups, group internal factors, and group external factors, and analyze the relationship between leadership roles, group internal factors, and group external factors with the effectiveness of farmer groups. The study was conducted in Garut Regency, West Java from June to November 2019. The study population was farmers who were members of farmer groups in the study area. The sample of 80 people was selected using a proportional random sampling technique. The research instrument has fulfilled the validity and reliability test. The research variables consist of farmer’s characteristics, external factors, the leadership of chairman, and group effectiveness. Farmer’s characteristics consist of education, land area, business experience, membership period, cosmopolitan behavior and motivation. Data analysis techniques used descriptive statistical analysis and Rank Spearman’s correlation test. The results of the study of the relationship between the leadership of the chairman with the effectiveness of farmer groups can be concluded that the majority of farmers (45.50%) are of medium age and between 35 years and 54 years. The formal education of farmers is mostly (48.75%) of junior high school graduates. The majority of land managed by farmers (40%) is narrow and less than 0.30 hectares. Most group members (53.75%) have business experience between 10 years and 25 years. Most group members (48.75%) have been members for more than 8 years. Cosmopolitan attitudes and motivations of the majority of farmers in the medium category. External factors of group members, leadership roles, and group effectiveness are in the medium category. The development of group effectiveness can be done through strengthening the chairman’s leadership, business experience, cosmopolitan behavior, motivation, and external factors of the group.
Oxygen export to the deep ocean following Labrador Sea Water formation

Abstract. The Labrador Sea in the North Atlantic Ocean is one of the few regions globally where oxygen from the atmosphere can reach the deep ocean directly. This is the result of wintertime convection, which homogenizes the water column to a depth of up to 2000 m, and brings deep water undersaturated in oxygen into contact with the atmosphere. In this study, we analyze how the intense oxygen uptake during Labrador Sea Water (LSW) formation affects the properties of the outflowing deep western boundary current, which ultimately feeds the upper part of the North Atlantic Deep Water layer in much of the Atlantic Ocean. Seasonal cycles of oxygen concentration, temperature, and salinity from a two-year time series collected by sensors moored at 600 m nominal depth in the outflowing boundary current at 53° N show that LSW is primarily exported in the months following the onset of convection, from March to August. During the rest of the year, properties of the outflow resemble those of Irminger Water, which enters the basin with the boundary current from the Irminger Sea. The input of newly ventilated LSW increases the oxygen concentration from 298 μmol L−1 in January to a maximum of 306 μmol L−1 in April. As a result of this LSW input, 1.57 × 1012 mol year−1 of oxygen are added to the outflowing boundary current, mostly during summer, equivalent to 49 % of the wintertime uptake from the atmosphere in the interior of the basin. The export of oxygen from the subpolar gyre associated with this direct southward pathway of LSW is estimated to supply about 71 % of the oxygen consumed annually in the upper North Atlantic Deep Water layer in the Atlantic Ocean between the equator and 50° N. Our results show that the formation of LSW is important for replenishing oxygen to the deep oceans, meaning that possible changes in its formation rate and ventilation due to climate change could have wide-reaching impacts on marine life.
The Valuation of Convertible Bond with Credit Risk

This paper presents a new model for valuing hybrid defaultable financial instruments, such as, convertible bonds. In contrast to previous studies, the model relies on the probability distribution of a default jump rather than the default jump itself, as the default jump is usually inaccessible. As such, the model can back out the market prices of convertible bonds. A prevailing belief in the market is that convertible arbitrage is mainly due to convertible underpricing. Empirically, however, we do not find evidence supporting the underpricing hypothesis. Instead, we find that convertibles have relatively large positive gammas. As a typical convertible arbitrage strategy employs delta-neutral hedging, a large positive gamma can make the portfolio highly profitable, especially for a large movement in the underlying stock price.
The COSMO and COSMO‐RS solvation models

The conductor‐like screening model COSMO, a variant of the dielectric continuum solvation models, has become very popular due to its algorithmic simplicity, numerical stability, and its great insensitivity with respect to outlying charge errors. The advanced model COSMO‐RS, i.e., COSMO for realistic solvation, is a statistical thermodynamics theory based on COSMO polarization charge densities, which overcomes many of the limitations and theoretical shortcomings of dielectric continuum models. Due to its ability to treat mixtures at variable temperatures, it has become very popular in chemical engineering and in wide areas of physical and medicinal chemistry. COSMO‐RS may currently be considered the most accurate model for the prediction of solvation energies. This article provides a short description of the basic concepts of both models, of the differences with other solvation models, and of their application areas. Finally, Direct‐COSMO‐RS, a recent direct integration of the COSMO‐RS concept into quantum chemical calculations, is briefly described. WIREs Comput Mol Sci 2018, 8:e1338. doi: 10.1002/wcms.1338
Management of multiple adjacent asymmetric intruded teeth by differential curve of Spee mechanics: a case report

Abstract Introduction Of the types of dental trauma, intrusive luxation is considered to have the worst prognosis. When forceful intrusion affects multiple adjacent teeth, orthodontic repositioning may be required; however, orthodontic treatment can be complicated by the development of a cant in the occlusal plane, especially when the affected teeth are not symmetrically located from the midline and corrective forces and anchorage are unbalanced. Designing an appropriate mechanism to overcome this problem is essential. Case presentation The present case report describes a 28-year-old male who suffered the traumatic intrusion of multiple teeth, with accompanying alveolar bone fractures, following a road traffic accident. The intruded teeth were repositioned using orthodontic traction, following which, endodontic treatment was performed. After initial alignment, differential curve of Spee mechanics were applied to correct the occlusal plane and an acceptable result was achieved. The overall outcome was maintained at a 24-months review. Conclusion This report demonstrates the importance of the early repositioning of intruded teeth to avoid dento-alveolar ankylosis, as well as the use of differential curve of Spee mechanics which provides effective force application in the management of a canted occlusal plane.
Hierarchical 1T-MoS2 nanotubular structures for enhanced supercapacitive performance

Layered transition metal disulfides are currently being widely studied for advanced energy generation and storage applications. Here we report a facile template-assisted solvothermal strategy to obtain a hierarchical nanotubular structure consisting of ultrathin MoS2 nanosheets with a metallic 1T phase. Synchrotron radiation based X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) are used to investigate the structure and electronic properties of the 1T-MoS2, which are largely different from annealed samples. Its hierarchical structure makes the obtained nanotubular 1T-MoS2 an excellent electrode material for supercapacitors, with a high specific capacitance of 328.547 F g−1 at a current density of 1 A g−1 and 243.66 F g−1 at a current density of 15 A g−1. Moreover, the material displays excellent capacitance retention, retaining 98.4% capacity after 5000 cycles at a current density of 3 A g−1. Notably, a high specific capacitance of 250 F g−1 at 1 A g−1 is also achieved in a two-electrode symmetrical cell, suggesting its great potential for new-generation supercapacitors.
Hot-melt pressure-sensitive adhesive for seamless bonding of nylon fabric part I: effect of a functional monomer

This study synthesized a series of prepolymers from butyl acrylate and functional monomer with various side-chain structures. A bulk polymerization process was then applied under ultraviolet irradiation. The molecular structure of the prepolymer was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and gel permeation chromatography. The degradation temperature and glass transition temperature (Tg) were examined. The prepolymer was employed to the acrylic hot-melt pressure-sensitive adhesives (HMPSAs) and the corresponding adhesive performance was presented. In this study, glycidyl methacrylate was considered to be an effective cross-linking agent for acrylic HMPSAs containing carboxylic acid groups. The prepolymer containing carboxylic acid synthesized acrylic HMPSAs exhibited high adhesion in peel strength and shear strength compared to the hydroxyethyl group. The adhesive performance of HMPSAs in different environments was also investigated.
Working in Family Firms: Less Paid But More Secure? Evidence from French Matched Employer-Employee Data

We study compensation packages in family and non-family firms. Using French matched employer-employee data, we first show that family firms pay on average lower wages. We find that part of this wage gap is due to low wage workers sorting into family firms and high wage workers sorting into non-family firms. However, we also find evidence that company wage policies differ according to ownership status, so that the same worker is paid differently under family and non-family firm ownership. We also find evidence that family firms are characterised by lower job insecurity, as measured by dismissal rates and by the subjective risk of dismissal perceived by workers. In addition, family firms appear to rely less on dismissals – and more on hiring reductions – than non-family firms when they downsize. We show that compensating wage differentials account for a substantial part of the inverse relationship between the family/non-family gaps in wages and job security.
Autonomous traffic signal control using deep reinforcement learning

Traffic signals provide one of the primary means to administer conflicting road traffic flows. The efficiency of road transportation systems significantly depends on signal operation. The state of-the-art signal control strategies are unable to efficiently and autonomously adapt to changing traffic flow patterns. In this thesis, we present an autonomous traffic signal control system, in which each intersection independently computes effective signal regimes to optimize traffic flows through that intersection at all instants-based solely on live camera footage. Our signal control system is trained via Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL). In recent years, DRL has emerged as a powerful paradigm for control optimization problems by autonomously discovering effective control policies. Our signal control agent perceives the traffic situation around an intersection through visual sensory data and continuously modifies the traffic signal regimes in real time, asper the changing traffic observations. The contributions of this thesis are summarised as; (1) A truly adaptive signal control agent, that effectively tailors its signal control decisions to changing traffic patterns and significantly outperforms the conventional signal control methods (both fixed and adaptive) in single and multi-intersection scenarios. (2) This thesis, for the first time, by using transfer learning, empirically demonstrates vision-based signal control agent’s high generalizability and accelerated learning skills on newly-encountered traffic conditions (such as prioritizing the navigation of emergency vehicles, handling adverse weather and lighting conditions). (3)Additionally, this thesis presents the first application of attention-visualization to illustrate the interpretation of DRL agents’ signal control decisions, while highlighting the benefits of using visual traffic data from CCTV cameras for signal control over the conventional traffic data collection methods such as induction loops.
Eine neue Methode zur Prüfung der Gültigkeit des Boyle-Gay-Lussacschen Gesetzes für kolloide Lösungen

In der vorigen Mitteilung1) hat der eine von uns über die Grundlagen eines auf Messung von zeitlichen Konzentrationsschwankungen ruhenden Verfahrens zur Prüfung der Gültigkeit des B o y l e G a y Ii ussacschen Gesetzes für disperse Systeme berichtet und einige orientierende Versuchsreihen mitgeteilt. Untersucht wurde ein Goldhydrosol mit einem mittlem Teilchendiameter von 58 /ifi und eine Quecksilbersuspension mit einem mittlem Teilchendiameter von 142 (i(i. Es ergab sich, dass bei grosserVerdünnung das Verhältnis zwischen der beobachteten und der bei strenger Gültigkeit der Gasgesetze zu erwartenden Kompressibilität innerhalb der Fehlergrenzen gleich Eins war, und dass dieses Verhältnis mit steigender Konzentration sich kontinuierlich verkleinerte. Für die grobdisperse Quecksilbersuspension erfolgte diese Abnahme der Kompressibilität viel rascher als bei dem Goldsol. Bei grosser Verdünnung entsprach auch die Häufigkeitsverteilung gut der nach der Theorie zu erwartenden. Wir haben nun diese Untersuchung gemeinschaftlich fortgesetzt, besonders um über folgende Fragen Auskunft zu erhalten: 1. Ist bei unendlicher Verdünnung das Kompressibilitätsverhältnis g e n a u gleich eins? 2. Welche Beziehung besteht zwischen Kompressibilität, Konzentration und Teilchengrösse? 3. Kann die Kompressibilität durch Zusätze von kristalloiden oder kolloiden Fremdstoffen beeinflusst werden?
Raman spectroscopy of water-rich stishovite and dense high-pressure silica up to 55 GPa

Abstract Recent studies have shown that mineral end-member phases (δ-AlOOH phase, phase H, and stishovite) with rutile-type or modified rutile-type crystal structures and solid solutions between them in the MgO-Al2O3-SiO2 system can store large amounts of water and can be stable at high pressures and high temperatures relevant to the Earth’s lower mantle. The Al-H charge-coupled substitution (Si4+ → Al3+ + H+) has been proposed to explain the storage capacity found in some of these phases. However, the amount of H+ found in some recent examples does not match the expected value if such substitution is dominant, and it is difficult to explain the larger water storage in stishovite with such a mechanism alone. An octahedral version of the hydrogarnet-like substitution (Si4+ → 4H+) has been proposed to explain the incorporation of protons in Al-free, water-rich stishovite. Yet, the high-pressure structural behavior of OH in this phase has not yet been measured. In this study, we report high-pressure Raman spectroscopy measurements on Al-free hydrous stishovite with 3.2 ± 0.5 wt% water up to 55 GPa. At ambient pressure, we find that the OH stretching modes in this phase have frequencies lying in between those in low-water aluminous stishovite and those in δ-AlOOH, suggesting a strength of the hydrogen bonding intermediate between these two cases. After decompression to 1 bar, we observe modes that are similar to the IR-active modes of anhydrous and hydrous stishovite, suggesting that the existence of Si defects in the crystal structure can activate the inactive modes. For both lattice and OH-stretching modes, our data show a series of changes at pressures between 24 and 28 GPa suggesting a phase transition (likely to CaCl2-type). While some of the lattice mode behaviors are similar to what was predicted for the AlOOH polymorphs, the OH mode of our hydrous stishovite shows a positive frequency shift with pressure, which is different from δ-AlOOH. All our spectral observations suggest that water-rich pure dense silica has a distinct proton incorporation mechanism from aluminous low-water stishovite and δ-AlOOH, supporting the proposed direct substitution.
An accurate account of mass loss during cheese ripening described using the reaction engineering approach (REA)‐based model

A cheese ripening is an important step in cheese making for modifying surface and curd properties. Due to physical, chemical and biological changes, mass loss usually occurs during the process. Although these changes are essential for developing the texture and flavour of cheese, mass loss decreases product yields. A reliable mathematical model is useful to quantify mass loss during cheese ripening so that the processing conditions can be fine-tuned to achieve the desirable throughput. In this study, for the first time, the reaction engineering approach (REA)-based model is applied to model the cheese ripening. The study shows that the REA-based model is accurate to model cheese ripening of Camembert and French smear cheese. In addition, the REA is able to model the cheese ripening under time-varying environmental conditions. For this purpose, the equilibrium activation energy is evaluated according to the corresponding humidity and temperature in each period while the same relative activation energy for ripening under constant environmental conditions is implemented. The REA is a simple yet effective approach to model the simultaneous heat and mass transfer process accompanied by chemical and biological reactions. Considering its effectiveness, the REA can be applied in industrial settings for predicting mass loss during cheese ripening.
Creep life simulations of EB welded copper overpack

The long term life predictions of copper overpack (sealed by EB welding in Finland) have previously been based on stress estimations that vary over a wide range, typically between 40-100 MPa. These values are usually not based on structural calculation including the EB-weld that increases the complexity of the stress state in the copper overpack. This report will attempt to pinpoint and simulate the stresses and strains developing in the copper overpack during its first decennia of repository service by advanced FEA simulations including the impact of the EB-weld. The main challenge of this work is the extrapolation of the creep strain response of OFP copper to the service relevant loads and temperatures. The uniaxial creep model is translated to a multiaxial constitutive equation form with adequate computational efficiency. The copper overpack strain and stress evolution has been simulated at up to 100 000 years at a conservative constant temperature of 80 °C with 14 MPa of external pressure. The results indicate rapid creep relaxation in the initial stages after the load has been applied followed by limited creep strain accumulation thereafter. Local elastic-plastic and creep deformation is predicted at the EB weld root with a total strain of below 12 %. The predicted stresses after external loading and short term relaxation are moderate and the impact of weld residual stresses and the lower creep rupture properties of the EB seem not to be detrimental to the predicted long term creep response. The simulation results imply that the most crucial impact on the creep strain accumulation of the copper overpack is related to the OFP copper primary creep properties. The present study predicts sufficiently low creep strains for a 100 000 years canister life with the conservative assumption at a constant temperature of 80 °C. However a sensitivity study on the impact of primary creep is strongly recommended due to contradicting analysis results from earlier FEA studies.
Structures and Stabilities of (CaO)nCa2+ (n=1--29) Cluster Ions: An Alternative Interpretation of the Experimental Mass Spectra

The structures and relative stabilities of doubly-charged nonstoichiometric (CaO)$_n$Ca$^{2+}$ (n=1--29) cluster ions and of neutral stoichiometric (MgO)$_n$ and (CaO)$_n$ (n=3,6,9,12,15,18) clusters are studied through {\em ab initio} Perturbed Ion plus polarization calculations. The large coordination-dependent polarizabilities of oxide anions favor the formation of surface sites, making the critical cluster size where anions with bulk coordination first appear larger than that found in the related case of alkali halides. Thus, we show that there are substantial structural differences between alkali halide and alkaline-earth oxide cluster ions, contrary to what is suggested by the similarities in the experimental mass spectra. An alternative interpretation of the magic numbers for the case of oxides is proposed, which involves an explicit consideration of isomer structures different from the ground states. A comparison with the previously studied (MgO)$_n$Mg$^{2+}$ cluster ions shows that the emergence of bulklike structural properties with size is slower for calcium oxide. Nevertheless, the structures of the doubly charged clusters are rather similar for the two materials. On the contrary, the study of the neutrals reveals interesting structural differences between MgO and CaO, similar to those found in the case of alkali halides.