Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Seed and seedling survival of the palm Astrocaryum murumuru and the legume tree Dipteryx micrantha in gaps in Amazonian forest

ABSTRACT The role of regeneration strategies in structuring tropical tree communities has been a recent focus of attention of tropical ecologists. Canopy discontinuities created by tree-falls are considered to be critical to many rain forest trees for establishing and completing their life cycles. It was investigated whether it is advantageous for two common large-seeded and shadetolerant Amazonian tree species, the palm Astrocaryum murumuru and the legume, Dipteryx micrantha, to have their seeds dispersed to gaps. The dispersal process was simulated by placing experimental seeds and seedlings in gaps and in the shaded understorey, and then following their performance. Seeds and seedlings from the two species were used. The Cox proportional hazard model was used to estimate the survival functions and compare survivorship curves. Survival of Astrocaryum seeds, and of Dipteryx seeds and seedlings, was higher in two gap zones (crown and bole) than in the shaded understorey (both near and far away from a conspecific adult). A higher proportion of seedlings of both plant species survived within gaps than in the shaded understorey over an 18-wk period. One year after the seedlings had been transplanted into gaps these patterns still held. Naturally occurring Astrocaryum seeds survived better beneath conspecific adult trees located within 30 m of gaps than beneath trees located 100 m from gaps. Variation in gap size was significant for Dipteryx seeds, but not for Dipteryx seedlings and Astrocaryum seeds and seedlings. Dipteryx seeds survived longer in smaller than in larger gaps. By colonizing tree-fall gaps, these two species improved their chances of completing their life cycles.
Características morfogênicas de Braquiárias em resposta a diferentes adubações

The morphogenic characteristics of Brachiaria brizantha and Brachiaria decumbens were studied in function of different fertilization. The study was conducted in a green house evaluating two Brachiaria cultivars (B. brizantha cv. Marandu and B. decumbens cv. Basilisk) and five different fertilizations (no fertilizer, P, N, NP and NK). The assay was conducted in a 2 x 5 factorial scheme in a completely randomized design, with four repetitions. The morphogenic evaluations included leaf emergence, leaf elongation rates and filocron. The answer of the cultivars was quite expressive to the studied variables relative to nitrogen supply and its combination with phosphorus and potassium. The Basilisk grass was more productive than Marandu grass. The nitrogen importance as a tool to manipulate plant structure was evidenced.
Personality, Resilience, and Psychopathology: A Model for the Interaction between Slow and Fast Network Processes in the Context of Mental Health

Network theories have been put forward for psychopathology (in which mental disorders originate from causal relations between symptoms) and for personality (in which personality factors originate from coupled equilibria of cognitions, affect states, behaviours, and environments). Here, we connect these theoretical strands in an overarching personality–resilience–psychopathology model. In this model, factors in personality networks control the shape of the dynamical landscape in which symptom networks evolve; for example, the neuroticism item ‘I often feel blue’ measures a general tendency to experience negative affect, which is hypothesized to influence the threshold parameter of the symptom ‘depressed mood’ in the psychopathology network. Conversely, events at the level of the fast–evolving psychopathology network (e.g. a depressive episode) can influence the slow–evolving personality variables (e.g. by increasing feelings of worthlessness). We apply the theory to neuroticism and major depressive disorder. Through simulations, we show that the model can accommodate important phenomena, such as the strong relation between neuroticism and depression and individual differences in the change of neuroticism levels and development of depression over time. The results of the simulation are implemented in an online, interactive simulation tool. Implications for research into the relationship between personality and psychopathology are discussed. © 2020 The Authors. European Journal of Personality published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of European Association of Personality Psychology
THE VISIT OF PROFESSOR CHEN-YUAN LEE TO THE PASTEUR INSTITUTE IN 1970 AND THE USE OF A SNAKE VENOM TOXIN TO IDENTIFY THE ACETYLCHOLINE RECEPTOR PROTEIN

A major progress in 20th century neuroscience has been the identification of the acetylcholine nicotinic receptor, the first neurotransmitter and ligand-gated ion channel to be characterized as a protein. The work leading to this achievement, which spanned the late 1960s and early 1970s, influenced significantly, in my opinion, the evolution of methods and experimental approaches used to investigate neural activity but also our general understanding of brain functions. Circumstances were such that, perhaps, for the first time in history, disciplines as culturally separate as electrophysiology (the dry science) (Fatt, 1964; ), biochemistry (the wet science) (), and pharmacology () were joined, in a unified and rational manner, with the common goal of identifying the elementary molecular device that transforms, in the nervous system, a chemical signal into an electrical one.
Nutritional and energy value of wheat cultivars for broiler chickens

Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) grain of 6 spring and 3 winter cultivars was analysed for nutrients content including amino acids, fatty acids, starch, sugars and fibre, and dietary fibrę fractions. Digestibility of main nutrients and amino acids, and apparent metabolizable energy (AMEN) were determined in broiler chicken. The experiment was carried out on 45 unsexed Ross 308 broiler chickens (9 groups of 5 birds) aged 42 days, maintained in individual balance cages. During 7 days birds were given wheat grain as the only feed and in the last 3 days feed intake was measured and excreta was collected and analysed. Protein content ranged from 123 to 155 g/kg DM, starch content from 614 to 748 g/kg DM, ADL fraction from 0.1 to 4.4 g/kg DM. Mean digestibility of all nutrients and AMEN values were lower while nitrogen retention was higher in spring than in winter varieties (mean AMEN values 12.6 vs 13.1 M J/kg, respectively). Among wheat cultivars significant differences of nutrients digestibility and AMEN values were found. It is concluded that AMEN value of wheat was not related to protein or starch contents while it was negatively affected by ADL content.
Long-term cryopreservation of sperm of Japanese eel

After cryopreservation in a diluent (D#5-D), containing 76.2 mM NaHCO 3 , 137-0 mM NaCI, 1.4% soya lecithin and 10% dimethyl sulphoxide, for 30-180 days, Japanese eel Anguilla japonica sperm was 61.4-70.6% motile compared with fresh sperm. Cryopreserved sperm was used for fertilizing three batches of eggs and hatchability ranged from 20.7 to 69.1%. These results indicate that D#5-D is an useful diluent for sperm cryopreservation in Japanese eel.
Polyphysaceae (Dasycladales, Chlorophyta) in Todos os Santos Bay, Bahia, Brazil

In this paper, we summarize the diversity of Polyphysaceae species in Todos os Santos Bay, in the state of Bahia, Brazil. On the basis of ten years of collections and the analysis of herbarium material, six species have been recorded for the area: Acetabularia caliculus J.V. Lamour. in Quoy & Gaimard; A. crenulata J.V. Lamour. ; A. schenckii Mobius; Parvocaulis myriosporus (Joly & Cord.-Mar.) C.W. N.Moura & J.C. De Andrade comb. nov.; P. pusillus (M.Howe) Berger et al.; and P. parvulus (Solms) S. Berger et al. The last has a distribution extending to the southern Atlantic Ocean. Acetabularia myriospora was transferred to Parvocaulis (as P. myriosporus) on the basis of its short corrugated peduncles and lack of a lower corona in the gametangial ray discs, which are diagnostic characters of this genus. In Todos os Santos Bay, Acetabularia species are more widely distributed than are Parvocaulis species, which are currently restricted to Itaparica Island. The most common taxa were A. caliculus and A. schenckii, which were collected from the majority of the study sites. This paper provides detailed descriptions of the morphology, reproductive aspects and geographic distributions of the algae, as well as discussing the taxa studied.
Phytoplankton pangenome reveals extensive prokaryotic horizontal gene transfer of diverse functions

Bacterial horizontal gene transfer provides functions that help explain the evolutionary success of aquatic primary producers. The extent and role of horizontal gene transfer (HGT) in phytoplankton and, more broadly, eukaryotic evolution remain controversial topics. Recent studies substantiate the importance of HGT in modifying or expanding functions such as metal or reactive species detoxification and buttressing halotolerance. Yet, the potential of HGT to significantly alter the fate of species in a major eukaryotic assemblage remains to be established. We provide such an example for the ecologically important lineages encompassed by cryptophytes, rhizarians, alveolates, stramenopiles, and haptophytes (“CRASH” taxa). We describe robust evidence of prokaryotic HGTs in these taxa affecting functions such as polysaccharide biosynthesis. Numbers of HGTs range from 0.16 to 1.44% of CRASH species gene inventories, comparable to the ca. 1% prokaryote-derived HGTs found in the genomes of extremophilic red algae. Our results substantially expand the impact of HGT in eukaryotes and define a set of general principles for prokaryotic gene fixation in phytoplankton genomes.
Exceeding Conservative Limits: A Consolidated Analysis on Modern Hardware Margins

Modern large-scale computing systems (data centers, supercomputers, cloud and edge setups and high-end cyber-physical systems) employ heterogeneous architectures that consist of multicore CPUs, general-purpose many-core GPUs, and programmable FPGAs. The effective utilization of these architectures poses several challenges, among which a primary one is power consumption. Voltage reduction is one of the most efficient methods to reduce power consumption of a chip. With the galloping adoption of hardware accelerators (i.e., GPUs and FPGAs) in large datacenters and other large-scale computing infrastructures, a comprehensive evaluation of the safe voltage reduction levels for each different chip can be employed for efficient reduction of the total power. We present a survey of recent studies in voltage margins reduction at the system level for modern CPUs, GPUs and FPGAs. The pessimistic voltage guardbands inserted by the silicon vendors can be exploited in all devices for significant power savings. On average, voltage reduction can reach 12% in multicore CPUs, 20% in manycore GPUs and 39% in FPGAs.
Ambystoma rosaceum Taylor, 1941, the Tarahumara Salamander (Caudata: Ambystomatidae), a new state record for Aguascalientes, México

We report an adult male specimen of the salamander Ambystoma rosaceum from the oak forest and grassland habitats in the Sierra Fria located in the Municipality of San Jose de Gracia, Aguascalientes, Mexico. This specimen represents the first state record of A. rosaceum for Aguascalientes and extends the known distribution of the species through the southern portion of the Sierra Madre Occidental.
Discourse Analysis in E-Learning-Based Course Using Moodle Platform: An Experimental Design

The COVID-19 pandemic has caused educational institutions all over the world to migrate their teachings online. Since Indonesian government issued the SK Mendiknas No. 107/U/2001, educational institutions had to steadily integrate their learning process with technology. So, this study intends to investigate the effectiveness of using the open-source learning platforms known as Moodle in a selected university, Universitas Lancang Kuning (Unilak) in Indonesia. While multiple courses uses Moodle, this study selected to analyse the 2017/2018 fifth semester students as they are the ones who pioneered Moodle for other classes to use. With a quasi-experimental research design, this study used four types of test to calculate the results of the essay pre-test and post-test on both experimental and control classes. With the eventual mean of 65.53 for the experimental class and 63.25 for the control, this study proved that Moodle does effectively improve Indonesian university EFL students’ learning compared to conventional lecture-style learning. Future research is hoped to extend or compare this study with an investigation on how university EFL students are using e-learning during the COVID-19 pandemic and other factors that have not been covered in this empirical study.
Dominance and the Vigor of First Generation Hybrids

A STIMULATION of growth has come to be recognized as one of the results of hybridization. The phenomenon is of so much importance, practical as well as theoretical, that it has been given a special designation, heterosis. (Shull, 1914.) New interest has been given to the study of the causes of this increased vigor by the work of Dr. Donald F. Jones' (1917 and 1918). Briefly stated the theory accepteld by Jones is that growth is affected by a number of different characters or factors, the dominant members of each character pair being favorable and the recessive unfavorable to growth. Each strain or variety possesses some dominant and some recessive characters. When two strains are crossed the first generation of the hybrid exhibits the dominant characters of both parents and is in consequence more vigorous than either parent. In subsequeiit generations the number of dominant characters in any individual can not be greater than in 'the first generation and in a large majority of instances will be less, hence the average vigor. of the second generation, although still above that of the parents, will be below that of the first. The theory is not new, but has not been generally accepted because of outstanding objections. Dr. Jones has reviewed the earlier work and has advanced a very ingenious and entirely novel explanation of the objections. This explanation will be discussed later. Bruce (1910) from purely mathematical considera-
Phylogeography of the prickly sculpin (Cottus asper) in north‐western North America reveals parallel phenotypic evolution across multiple coastal–inland colonizations

Glacial cycles during the Pleistocene may have frequently contributed to parallel evolution of phenotypes across independently evolving genetic lineages associated with separate glacial refugia. Previous studies based on morphology suggested that the prickly sculpin (Cottus asper) survived the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) in southern coastal and inland refugia, favouring allopatric divergence between coastal and inland prickling phenotypes, which vary in the degree to which spine‐like scales cover the body of the fish. Herein, we aimed to test whether parallel evolution across multiple genetic lineages rather than a single‐lineage origin of highly prickled inland sculpins could serve as an explanation for the biogeographical distribution of prickling phenotypes.
Two families joined by a child: the role of direct contact in fostering relationships between birth and carer families in permanent care

ABSTRACT Background: Most Australian children in permanent care continue to see birth relatives. In New South Wales, foster and kinship carers are encouraged consider open adoption and guardianship, which reduces caseworker involvement in contact. Research is needed to understand what supports children's families to form positive relationships. Family systems theory is helpful to understand the kinship networks created in permanent care. Method: Semi-structured interviews with twelve birth parents and twenty six permanent carers took place in New South Wales. Inductive thematic analysis was used to identify a pattern in the nature of adult relationships. The themes of 1) getting to know each other; 2) making family time; and 3) a shared future are presented. Results: Carers recognised the value of safe and meaningful contact for children and were prepared to open a space for new sub-systems to be established between their own family system and that of the child's birth family. Birth parents were willing to adapt to change if their enduring connection with their child was honoured and supported by carers. Conclusions: Both sets of adults were pragmatic about the dynamic and fragile nature of these relationships but those who had a blended kinship network were optimistic about the future.
Emotional experience on behavioral intention for halal tourism

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine halal certification for halal culinary, destination brand and emotional experiences on customer satisfaction and behavioral intention. Design/methodology/approach This study uses a quantitative survey approach to 400 respondents consisting of Muslim foreign and domestic tourists who had visited Lombok in the past three years. The sampling technique is by purposive sampling. The analysis technique used in this study is structural equation modeling-partial least square (SEM-PLS). Findings The findings showed that halal certification has no effect on customer satisfaction but on influenced behavioral intention, destination brand of Lombok had no effect on customer satisfaction; customer satisfaction influenced behavioral intention and emotional experiences affected customer satisfaction and behavioral intention. Research limitations/implications This study collects data from respondents both domestic and foreign tourists simultaneously. However, the data acquisition of respondents and foreign tourists is not balanced. Thus, this study analyzes tourists in general, not distinguished between foreign and domestic tourists. Practical implications The government and tourism organizers in Lombok need to provide socialization for domestic and foreign tourists on the need to choose halal-certified food and drinks to ensure halal and hygiene. In addition, so that the destination image of Lombok can provide a beautiful experience that becomes a moment of the truth, then the local government should improve its service strategy holistically. Social implications Destination image needs to be improved. This requires holistic tourism quality services so that the social community knows that Indonesia has a halal tourism destination that exists as tourists come from the airport to the hotel and enjoy food in restaurants and tourist attractions that are Muslim friendly. Originality/value This paper contributes to filling the void in the literature related to tourism management that is linked to tourism in the aftermath of natural disasters, where empirical studies on halal tourism are on the rise. Therefore, respondents in the study were specific, that is, those who had traveled. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this study is the first of a kind that includes behavioral intention in tourist destinations after natural disasters in the Indonesian context.
A Forty-Year Karstic Critical Zone Survey (Baget Catchment, Pyrenees-France): Lithologic and Hydroclimatic Controls on Seasonal and Inter-Annual Variations of Stream Water Chemical Composition, pCO2, and Carbonate Equilibrium

The long-term trends and seasonal patterns of stream water chemical composition in a small remote forested karst catchment, were investigated from 1978 to 2018. Calcium, magnesium, and bicarbonates, the dominant ions, increased over the period together with temperature, while sulfates decreased. Carbonate and sulfate mineral dissolution was the main source of these elements. These trends and the seasonal opposite patterns of discharge vs. temperature, calcite saturation index vs. pCO2 and bicarbonate vs. sulfates, suggested the influence of discharge, of reduced long-range atmospheric pollution, and of increasing air temperature on biological activity and carbonate dissolution. Furthermore, the hydrological regime controlled the seasonal stream water chemical composition and fluxes by: (i) a dilution during the high discharge period, (ii) a change in the contribution rate of the waters draining different lithological areas in the catchment, e.g., the increased sulfates to bicarbonates ratio during summer low flows, with a maximum alkalinity decrease of 24%, and (iii) a “piston” and a “flushing” effects of dissolved elements stored in soils and epikarst with the first autumn heavy rains. Long-term stream water hydrochemical surveys of karst system have proved to be powerful indicators of biogeochemical processes, water sources and pathways under variable natural and anthropogenic environmental pressure conditions.
Obesity and regulation of human placental lactogen production in pregnancy

The four genes coding for placental members of the human (h) growth hormone (GH) family include two that code independently for placental lactogen (PL), also known as chorionic somatomammotrophin hormone, one that codes for placental growth hormone (PGH) and a pseudogene for which RNA but no protein product is reported. These genes are expressed preferentially in the villus syncytiotrophoblast of the placenta in pregnancy. In higher primates, the placental members, including hPL and PGH, are the result of multiple duplication events of the GH gene. This contrasts with rodents and ruminants, where PLs result from duplication of the prolactin (PRL) gene. Thus, unlike their mouse counterparts, the hPL and PGH hormones bind both lactogenic and somatogenic receptors with varying affinity. Roles influenced by nutrient availability in both metabolic control in pregnancy and maternal behaviour are supported. However, the effect maternal obesity has on the activation of placental members of the hGH gene family, particularly the expression and function of those genes, is poorly understood. Evidence from partially humanised hGH/PL transgenic mice indicates that both the remote upstream hPL locus control region (LCR) and more gene‐related regulatory regions are required for placental expression in vivo. Furthermore, a specific pattern of interactions between the LCR and hPL gene promoter regions is detected in term placenta chromatin from women with a normal body mass index (BMI) in the range 18.5–25 kg m‐2 by chromosome conformation capture assay. This pattern is disrupted with maternal obesity (class II BMI > 35 kg m‐2) and associated with a > 40% decrease in term hPL RNA levels, as well as serum hPL but not PRL levels, during pregnancy. The relative importance of the chromosomal architecture and predicted properties for transcription factor participation in terms of hPL production and response to obesity are considered, based on comparison with components required for efficient human pituitary GH gene expression.