Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Long-term trends of surface ozone and its influencing factors at the Mt. Waliguan GAW station, China, Part 2: Variation mechanism and links to some climate indices

Interannual variability and long-term trends of tropospheric ozone are both of environmental and climate concerns. Ozone measured at Mt. Waliguan Observatory (WLG, 3816 m asl) on the Tibetan Plateau over the period 19947ndash;2013 has increased significantly by 0.2–0.3 ppbv year -1 during spring and autumn, but shows a much smaller trend in winter and no significant trend in summer. Here we explore the factors driving the observed ozone changes at WLG using backward trajectory analysis, chemistry-climate model hindcast simulations (GFDL-AM3), a trajectory-mapped ozonesonde dataset and various climate indices. A stratospheric ozone tracer implemented in GFDL-AM3 indicates that stratosphere-to-troposphere transport (STT) can explain ~ 70 % of the observed springtime ozone increase at WLG, consistent with an increase in the NW air mass frequency inferred from the trajectory analysis. Enhanced STT associated with the strengthening of the mid-latitude jet stream contributes to the observed high-ozone anomalies at WLG during the springs of 1999 and 2012. During autumn, observations at WLG are more heavily influenced by polluted air masses originated from Southeast Asia than in the other seasons. Rising Asian anthropogenic emissions of ozone precursors is the key driver of increasing autumnal ozone observed at WLG, as supported by the GFDL-AM3 model with time-varying emissions, which captures the observed ozone increase (0.26 ± 0.11 ppbv year -1 ). AM3 simulates a greater ozone increase of 0.38 ± 0.11 ppbv year -1 at WLG in autumn under conditions with strong transport from Southeast Asia and shows no significant ozone trend in autumn when anthropogenic emissions are held constant in time. During summer, WLG is mostly influenced by easterly air masses but these trajectories do not extend to the polluted regions of eastern China and have decreased significantly over the last two decades, which likely explains why summertime ozone measured at WLG shows no significant trend despite ozone increases in Eastern China. Analysis of the Trajectory-mapped Ozonesonde dataset for the Stratosphere and Troposphere (TOST) and trajectory residence time reveals increases in direct ozone transport from the eastern sector during autumn, which adds to the autumnal ozone increase. We further examine the links of ozone variability at WLG to the QBO, the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), the East Asian summer monsoon (EASM) and the sunspot cycle. Our results suggest that the 2–3 year, 3–7 year and 11 year periodicities are linked to QBO, EASMI and NAO and the sunspot cycle, respectively. A multivariate regression analysis is performed to quantify the relative contributions of various factors to surface ozone concentrations at WLG. Through an observational and modelling analysis, this study demonstrates the complex relationships between surface ozone at remote locations and its dynamical and chemical influencing factors.
Thirteen-year follow-up of long-term treated psychotic disorder: personality aspects

Abstract Objective Personality is an aspect that can affect the symptoms and social function in individuals with psychotic disorders. Several studies have investigated personality in schizophrenia and other long-term psychotic disorders. No study has examined the stability of personality traits exceeding five years in patients with schizophrenia and related disorders. The aim of this study was to investigate the stability of personality traits over a 13-year period among patients with schizophrenia and related disorders and healthy individuals and to evaluate case-control differences. Methods At three occasions during a 13-year period patients with schizophrenia and related disorders (n = 28) and healthy individuals (n = 57) completed Swedish universities Scales of Personality (SSP). Mean-level change and case-control differences were investigated for all the individuals using within- and between-subject analyses, respectively. Analyses were performed on three occasions for all 13 subscales and the three overall factors of SSP. Also, correlations, means, and SDs were calculated. Results Tests of within-subject correlations showed differences in two subscales: Lack of Assertiveness, which were influenced by age, and Physical Trait Aggression, where patients’ ratings were stable, whereas controls rated themselves less aggressive at a higher age. Between-subjects correlations showed differences regarding diagnosis, time, age, gender, or age × gender in nine of the 13 subscales as well as in factor Neuroticism. Conclusion Long-term follow-up showed generally high stability of personality traits measured with SSP. Between-subject analyses over the 13 years showed that patients differed compared to controls for the SSP factor Neuroticism as well as the subscale Detachment, which is in accordance with previous studies within this population.
SMT-Based Model Checking of Max-Plus Linear Systems

Max-Plus Linear (MPL) systems are an algebraic formalism with practical applications in transportation networks, manufacturing and biological systems. MPL systems can be naturally modeled as infinite-state transition systems, and exhibit interesting structural properties (e.g. periodicity or steady state), for which analysis methods have been recently proposed. In this paper, we tackle the open problem of specifying and analyzing user-defined temporal properties for MPL systems. We propose Time-Difference LTL (TDLTL), a logic that encompasses the delays between the discrete-time events governed by an MPL system, and characterize the problem of model checking TDLTL over MPL. We propose a family of specialized algorithms leveraging the periodic behaviour of an MPL system. We prove soundness and completeness, showing that the transient and cyclicity of the MPL system induce a completeness threshold for the verification problem. The algorithms are cast in the setting of SMT-based verification of infinite-state transition systems over the reals, with variants depending on the (incremental vs upfront) computation of the bound, and on the (explicit vs implicit) unrolling of the transition relation. Our comprehensive experiments show that the proposed techniques can be applied to MPL systems of large dimensions and on general TDLTL formulae, with remarkable performance gains against a dedicated abstraction-based technique and a translation to the nuXmv symbolic model checker.
Bayesian Inference for the Parameters of Kumaraswamy Distribution via Ranked Set Sampling

In this paper, we address the estimation of the parameters for a two-parameter Kumaraswamy distribution by using the maximum likelihood and Bayesian methods based on simple random sampling, ranked set sampling, and maximum ranked set sampling with unequal samples. The Bayes loss functions used are symmetric and asymmetric. The Metropolis-Hastings-within-Gibbs algorithm was employed to calculate the Bayes point estimates and credible intervals. We illustrate a simulation experiment to compare the implications of the proposed point estimators in sense of bias, estimated risk, and relative efficiency as well as evaluate the interval estimators in terms of average confidence interval length and coverage percentage. Finally, a real-life example and remarks are presented.
Monitoring Spin-Crossover Properties by Diffused Reflectivity

In this work we present a detailed study showing the importance of the Kubelka-Munk (KM) correction in the analysis of diffuse reflectivity measurements to characterize spin crossover compounds. Combined reflectance and magnetic susceptibility measurements are carried out as a function of temperature or time to highlight the conditions under which this correction becomes critical. In particular, we investigate the influence of the color contrast between the two spin states on the reflectance measurements. Interestingly, the samples’ contrast seems to play an important role on the spin-like domain structure as suggested by the symmetry of the FORC diagrams. These latest results are discussed within the framework of Classical Preisach model (CPM).
Wormhole Solutions in Symmetric Teleparallel Gravity with Noncommutative Geometry

This article describes the study of wormhole solutions in f(Q) gravity with noncommutative geometry. Here, we considered two different f(Q) models—a linear model f(Q)=αQ and an exponential model f(Q)=Q−α1−e−Q, where Q is the non-metricity and α is the model parameter. In addition, we discussed the existence of wormhole solutions with the help of the Gaussian and Lorentzian distributions of these linear and exponential models. We investigated the feasible solutions and graphically analyzed the different properties of these models by taking appropriate values for the parameter. Moreover, we used the Tolman–Oppenheimer–Volkov (TOV) equation to check the stability of the wormhole solutions that we obtained. Hence, we found that the wormhole solutions obtained with our models are physically capable and stable.
Simulated Breathing: Application of Molecular Dynamics Simulations to Pulmonary Lung Surfactant

In this review, we delve into the topic of the pulmonary surfactant (PS) system, which is present in the respiratory system. The total composition of the PS has been presented and explored, from the types of cells involved in its synthesis and secretion, down to the specific building blocks used, such as the various lipid and protein components. The lipid and protein composition varies across species and between individuals, but ultimately produces a PS monolayer with the same role. As such, the composition has been investigated for the ways in which it imposes function and confers peculiar biophysical characteristics to the system as a whole. Moreover, a couple of theories/models that are associated with the functions of PS have been addressed. Finally, molecular dynamic (MD) simulations of pulmonary surfactant have been emphasized to not only showcase various group’s findings, but also to demonstrate the validity and importance that MD simulations can have in future research exploring the PS monolayer system.
Resummed Quantum Gravity: A Review with Applications

We summarize the status of the theory of resummed quantum gravity. In the context of the Planck scale cosmology formulation of Bonanno and Reuter, we review the use of our resummed quantum gravity approach to Einstein’s general theory of relativity to estimate the value of the cosmological constant as ρΛ = (0.0024 eV)4. Constraints on susy GUT models that follow from the closeness of the estimate to experiment are noted. Various consistency checks on the calculation are discussed. In particular, we use the Heisenberg uncertainty principle to remove a large part of the remaining uncertainty in our estimate of ρΛ.
Producing air-stable InSe nanosheet through mild oxygen plasma treatment

Ultrathin indium selenide (InSe), as a newly emerging two-dimensional material with high carrier mobility and broadband optical absorption, is considered as a promising candidate for electronic and optoelectronic devices. It has been a challenge to produce air-stable mono- or few-layer InSe nanosheets because they degrade rapidly in an ambient environment. Here, we demonstrate a facile mild oxygen plasma treatment route to fabricate air-stable few-layer InSe samples. Photoluminescence (PL) and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis indicate that the plasma treatment can introduce an oxidation process that forms a dense InSe1−xOx capping layer on the surface, and thus prevent the sample from degradation. Furthermore, the oxide layer would introduce a PL quenching of the pristine InSe, while a new and strong PL peak belonging to the emission from InSe1−xOx appears. This work offers a practical and efficient route to improve the performance of InSe based electrical and optoelectronic devices.
Solvent Effect on the Stability and Reverse Substituent Effect in Nitropurine Tautomers

The solvent effect on the stability and electron-accepting properties (EA) of the nitro group attached to the C2, C6, or C8 position of nitropurine NH tautomers is investigated. For this purpose, the density functional theory (DFT) and the polarizable continuum model (PCM) of solvation in a wide range of solvents (1 < ε < 109) are used. We show that the EA properties of the NO2 group, described by the charge of the substituent active region (cSAR) model, are linearly dependent on the reciprocal of the solvent dielectric constant; in all cases, solvation enhances the EA properties of this group. Furthermore, the sensitivity of EA properties of the nitro group to the solvent effect depends on the proximity effects. It has been shown that the proximity of two endocyclic N atoms (two repulsive interactions) results in higher sensitivity than the asymmetric proximity of the endocyclic N atom and NH group (one repulsive and one attractive interaction). To explain this phenomenon, the geometry of the nitro group in coplanar form and after forcing its rotation around the CN bond is discussed. Relative stabilities of nitropurine tautomers in different solvents are also presented. Differences in the stabilities and solvation energies are explained by aromaticity, electronic structure, and intramolecular interactions of the nitropurine tautomers.
A Novel Single-Loop Mechanism and the Associated Cylindrical Deployable Mechanisms

This paper presents a new type of 2-DOF single-loop mechanism inspired by the Sarrus mechanism, and it utilizes this mechanism to construct 2-DOF cylindrical deployable mechanisms. First, the motion pattern of the single-loop mechanism is analyzed utilizing screw theory. According to the structural symmetries, the cylindrical deployable mechanisms are constructed through the linear pattern combination and circular pattern combination of the single-loop mechanisms. After the geometrical analysis and interference condition analysis, the axial, circumferential and area magnification ratios are defined and, furthermore, applied to the parameter optimization of the deployable mechanisms, forming an example surface. Finally, a simplified 1-DOF single-loop mechanism is derived from the proposed 2-DOF mechanism, which is used to construct 1-DOF cylindrical deployable mechanisms with singular free workspaces.
Effect of Stick Sweet Cherry (Prunus aviam) on the Reproductive System of Male Mice

Cherry is a traditional fruit grown in many places and have many types like sweet cherry and sour cherry, have a wide nutritional value which had strong activity as antioxidant, many phenolic compounds and anthocyanin. In this study, the oral uptake effect of stick alcohol extract of sweet cherry (Prunus aviam), for 10 days at a concentration 125, 250 and 500 mg/ml, showed no significant differences (P<0.05) as compared with the control. The effect on the male reproductive system of mice showed there is an increase in the number of abnormal and dead sperm, and the number of live, normal sperm and sperm motility decreased. The seminiferous tubules diameter, primary spermatocytes, number of leydig cells and spermatids decreases with the increase of the extract concentration.
Evaluation of Relationships Between Some Growth Traits Measured at Birth and Weaning in South African Non-Descript Goat Kids using Canonical Correlation Analysis

Corresponding Author: Thobela Louis Tyasi School of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Department of Agricultural Economics and Animal Production, University of Limpopo, Private Bag X1106, Sovenga 0727, Limpopo, South Africa Email: louis.tyasi@ul.ac. za Abstract: The study was conducted to assess the association among 6 different growth traits viz; X setBirth Weight (BW), Heart Girth (HG), Rump Height (RH), Sternum Height (SH), Body Length (BL), Withers Height (WH), assessed at birth and viz; Y SetHeart Girth (HG_3), Body Length (BL_3), Rump Height (RH_3), Weaning Weight (WW), Withers Height (WH_3), Sternum Height (SH_3) at weaning Measured in fifty (n = 50) non-descript goat kids. Pearson’s correlation and canonical correlation analysis were employed, outcome of Pearson’s highlighted that BW had a positive highly statistical correlation with WW (r = 0.85**), WH_3 (r = 0.61**) and SH_3 (r = 0.83**) at P < 0.01. Results of canonical correlation showed an estimated canonical correlation coefficient (r = 0.881) that was significant among the first pair of canonical variables (P < 0.01). The results indicated that WH and HG had a greater contribution to the explanatory capacity of canonical correlation estimation at birth while BL_3 and RH_3 contributed mostly at weaning of non-descript goats. The findings of the study suggest that the heart girth and withers height might be used at birth as criteria for genetic improvement in non-descript goat kid’s selection.
Occupational Stress and Job Burnout of Female Medical Staff: The Moderating Role of Psychological Capital and Social Support

The field of medicine is quite challenging as employees have to long and irregular working hours under extreme pressue. This work pressure and exhaustion lead to occupational stress. Occupational stress, when unaddressed, leads to burnout which adversely affects the physical and mental health of female staff working in thisfield. This study investigates the relationship between occupational stress and job burnout on a sample of female medical staff working in the public health sector, with the moderating role played by psychological capital and social support in the relationship betweenoccupational stress and job burnout. The sample consists of 250 female employees working in the public hospitals of the twin cities (Rawalpindi and Islamabad) of Pakistan. The result showed that occupational stress causes job burnout and psychological capital moderates the relationship between them. The three dimensions of psychological capital namely self-efficacy, resilience, and hope, moderate the above relationship while optimism has no effect on it. The results also showed that family support acts as a moderator between stress and burnout, however, supervisory support supportive supervision does not have the same effect. This study highlights that coping strategies help medical/health workers in dealing with stress and burnout. Furthermore, family support plays an essential role in minimizing the stress of female health workers. Therefore, the administration of hospitals should arrange training to enhance the psychological capital of their health workers to keep them stress-free and efficient in their tasks.
and Susceptibility to Clinical Reactivation Antibody-Dependent Cellular Cytotoxicity Variable Affinities Modulates Interaction of CD16A and IgG1 Allotypes of Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1: Epistatic NK Cell and Ig Interplay in Defense against

HSV-1 latently infects most humans, causing a variable clinical picture that depends, in part, on host genetic factors. Both IgG and its cellular FcRs, CD16A and CD32A–C (encoded by FCGR3A and FCGR2A–C , respectively, on chromosome 1), display polymorphisms that could affect their defensive function. Of potential relevance are a FCGR3A dimorphism resulting in CD16A-valine/phenylalanine-158 allotypes with different IgG afﬁnity, variations conditioning NK cell expression of CD32B or CD32C, and IgG1 H chain ( IGHG1 ) and kappa-chain ( IGKC ) polymorphisms determining allotypes designated G1m and Km. In this study, we assessed the contribution of Ig genetic variations and their interaction with FcR polymorphism to HSV-1 susceptibility, as well as their impact on NK cell–mediated Ab-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC). Our results show an epistatic interaction between IGHG1 and FCGR3A such that the higher afﬁnity CD16A-158V/V genotype associates with an asymptomatic course of HSV-1 infection only in homozygotes for G1m3. Furthermore, CD16A-158V and G1m3 allotypes enhanced ADCC against opsonized HSV-1–infected ﬁbroblasts. Conversely, Km allotypes and CD32B or CD32C expression on NK cells did not signiﬁcantly inﬂuence HSV-1 susceptibility or ADCC. NK cells degranulating against immune serum-opsonized HSV-1–infected ﬁbroblasts had heterogeneous phenotypes. Yet, enhanced ADCC was observed among NK cells showing a differentiated, memory-like phenotype (NKG2C bright NKG2A 2 CD57 + FcR g 2 ), which expand in response to human CMV. These results extend our knowledge on the importance of immunogenetic polymorphisms and NK cell–Ab interplay in the host response against HSV-1 and point to the relevance of interactions between immune responses elicited during chronic coinfection by multiple herpesviruses. The Journal of Immunology , 2015, 195: 000–000. and of another ﬁve previously identiﬁed susceptibility and protection genetic markers (SPSS 14.0 package; Chicago,
Macro- and Micro-Morphological Characteristics and Phytochemical Constituents of Ficus exasperata Vahl. of Moraceae

Original Research Article The research was set to study the macroand micro-morphological and phytochemical constituents of Ficus exasperata Vahl. of the family Moraceae, though it does not produce a milky sap like most members of the family, rather it produces a sticky viscid sap. It is a pan-tropical tree by habit and deciduous perennial dicot that grows up to 12 to 15m in height. It has simple petiolate leaves which are ovate to obovate elliptic with alternate phyllotaxy and cuneate to rounded at base. The margins of the leaves are slightly wavy with very rough lamina when rubbed, commonly called sand-paper plant. The leaves measure up to 27±5cm in length and 22±4cm in width. The flowers are borne in hollow receptacle and the fruits appeared when the tree is leafless, occurring singly or in pairs all along the younger branches. The foliar epidermal studies revealed paracytic stomata and multicellular uniseriate trichomes which are amphistomatic. It has a foliar adaxial index of 3.5% and 13.6% for the abaxial. The qualitative phytochemical investigations conducted showed presence of following metabolites: flavonoids, tannins, saponins, cardiac glycosides and terpenoids while alkaloids, fixed oil components and anthraquinones were absent. The quantitative chemical estimation studied showcased 82.95mg/kg of Sodium (Na), 7816.25mg/kg of Potassium (K) and 391.75mg/kg of Iron (Fe). The investigations conducted here could be used for further delimitation of the species.
CONSEQUENCES OF ETHICAL LEADERSHIP WITH THE MEDIATING ROLE OF SELF-EFFICACY AND WORKPLACE CLIMATE

Ethical leadership is an important determinant of job performance and organizational outcomes. Earlier studies have examined the direct effect of ethical leadership on the organizational outcome and job performance without incorporating mediating variables. Moreover, past studies have only incorporated one or two mediating variables. We have developed a new model based on social learning theory that contains six direct relationships and three indirect relationships because of this gap. The study specifically examines the effect of ethical leadership on job performance, self-efficacy, and workplace climate. We also examined the effect of workplace climate on job performance and safety compliance. Also, we investigated the mediating effect of self-efficacy and workplace climate on job performance and safety compliance while focussing on SMEs in Karachi. SMEs are generally less structured than large firms and vulnerable to unethical leadership practices. Based on quota sampling, we have collected a sample of 500. The Smart PLS software was used for estimating the measurement and structural models. Ethical leadership promotes job performance, self-efficacy, and work climate. Self-efficacy and work climate are significant precursors of job performance. Work climate promotes safety compliance. Self-efficacy and work climate have mediating effects on job performance. And work climate affect safety compliance.