Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
COUPLED ANALYSIS OF NONLINEAR INTERACTION BETWEEN FLUID AND STRUCTURE DURING IMPACT

This paper presents a method for analysing the hydroelastic interaction during the impact of a structure with water. The completely coupled equation for fluid flow and structural response is solved by the boundary element method for the former and by the finite element method for the latter. During the impact, the nonlinear free surface boundary condition is satisfied, including proper treatment of the jet, and the full interaction with the linear elastic structure is taken into account. The convergence of the code is verified by different fluid domain and mesh sizes and different time steps. The accuracy of the code is confirmed by comparing the obtained results with published data. Various examples of a V-shape structure impacting vertically upon water are provided. The numerical result from this coupled analysis shows that the hydroelasticity has different effects on the dynamic response of the body with different deadrise angles, which may have some important implications for structural design.
Impacts of Environmental Pollution on Brain Tumorigenesis

Pollutants consist of several components, known as direct or indirect mutagens, that can be associated with the risk of tumorigenesis. The increased incidence of brain tumors, observed more frequently in industrialized countries, has generated a deeper interest in examining different pollutants that could be found in food, air, or water supply. These compounds, due to their chemical nature, alter the activity of biological molecules naturally found in the body. The bioaccumulation leads to harmful effects for humans, increasing the risk of the onset of several pathologies, including cancer. Environmental components often combine with other risk factors, such as the individual genetic component, which increases the chance of developing cancer. The objective of this review is to discuss the impact of environmental carcinogens on modulating the risk of brain tumorigenesis, focusing our attention on certain categories of pollutants and their sources.
Is sulfur a donor in diamond

Homoepitaxial diamond layers grown by chemical-vapor deposition in the presence of H2S, which were published to exhibit n-type conductivity, are carefully analyzed both electrically and structurally. Hall-effect measurements as a function of temperature clearly show the samples to exhibit p-type conduction, with an activation energy, carrier concentrations, and mobilities which very much resemble those of B-doped p-type diamond. Secondary-ion-mass spectroscopy confirms that indeed the samples, previously claimed to be n type due to a donor state attributed to sulfur, contain enough unintentional boron to explain the observed p-type features.
THE EVIDENCE FOR SELF-ORGANIZED CRITICALITY IN SANDPILE DYNAMICS

Self-organized criticality (SOC) is thought to describe avalanche dynamics in sandpiles. Experiments on the dynamics of “sandpiles” fall in two broad categories. Sandpiles in rotating drums exhibit periodic large avalanches, which is inconsistent with SOC. Other experiments study sandpiles on a circular support driven by the addition of grains of sand at a low rate from above and centered with respect to the support. The mass of avalanches that drop sand off the support is typically measured by a balance. It has been claimed that the observed avalanche statistics is consistent with SOC. However, I find that experiments described in the literature all have avalanche-size distributions that can be very well described by stretched-exponential distributions. Since the stretched-exponential distribution has a characteristic size, I conclude that the experiments described in the literature are inconsistent with SOC.
Potential of the omnidirectional walking platform with virtual reality as a rehabilitation tool

Introduction The combination of virtual reality (VR) with an omnidirectional walking platform (ODWP) may have potential in rehabilitation settings. However, its use, acceptance, safety, and effectiveness are unclear. This preliminary study aims to understand the feasibility, safety, and user experience (including investigating the onset of cybersickness) while walking on the ODWP with fully immersive VR. Methods Participants engaged with eight immersive VR walking scenarios. The scenarios were created using 360-degree videos and were programmed to run with the ODWP. Safety modifications for the ODWP were made, with the addition of parallel bars. Quantitative feedback on the perceived safety and acceptance of using VR with an ODWP for rehabilitation was collected. Cybersickness was evaluated using the Simulation Symptoms Questionnaire (SSQ). Results Thirty-five participants (n = 8 physiotherapists, n = 27 healthy adults) were recruited for this study. The mean perceived safety score was 78.9/100 and acceptance was 64.5/100. Seventy-one percent of participants experienced mild to moderate symptoms of cybersickness as reported on the SSQ. The SSQ scores were not correlated to participant age or simulation exposure time. Conclusion VR while using ODWP has the potential for rehabilitation, however, more consideration is needed to address acceptance and cybersickness.
E(T n )-SUBSCALAR n-TUPLES AND THE CESARO OPERATOR ON H p

An n-tuple T ∈ L(X)n of bounded linear operators on a Banach space X is defined to be E(Tn)-subscalar if there is a Banach space X and a commuting n-tuple T ∈ L(X)n possessing a continuous functional calculus defined on the algebra C∞(Tn) of smooth functions on the n-torus such that T coincides (up to similarity) with the restriction of T to a joint invariant subspace. In the following article, various characterizations of E(Tn)-subscalar ntuples are obtained, inspired by the characterization of subscalar operators due to Eschmeier and Putinar, see [7]. In the single operator case, the methods used to solve the above characterization problem can be modified to obtain a sufficient condition for operators having property (β)E modulo a compact subset of the unit circle. This can be applied to show that the Cesaro operator on the Hardy space Hp satisfies property (β)E modulo {0}, for 1 < p <∞. Most of the material contained in this paper is part of the author’s master thesis [4], written at the Universitat des Saarlandes, Saarbrucken, under the direction of Prof. Dr. J. Eschmeier. The author would like to thank him for many stimulating discussions and suggestions. Thanks are also due to Prof. Dr. T.L. Miller for answering some of the author’s questions concerning the Cesaro operator during a stay at Saarbrucken in 1998.
A comparative study of low concentration of levobupivacaine versus bupivacaine with fentanyl for epidural analgesia in labour

Introduction: Labour analgesia technique is the most widely practiced procedures of pain management performed by an anaesthesiologist and are requested by the obstetrician colleagues as well as the parturient mothers. It has been associated with maternal adverse effects like higher incidence of instrumental assisted vaginal delivery (AVD) and motor block leading to decreased ambulation. This study was designed to evaluate the efficacy of low concentrations of local anaesthetics (0.1% bupivacaine and 0.1% levobupivacaine) with 2µg/ml fentanyl as epidural analgesia. Materials and Methods: In this prospective study, 60 labouring parturients were randomly allocated into two groups to receive either 0.1% bupivacaine with 2 µg/ml fentanyl or 0.1% levobupivacaine with 2µg/ml fentanyl as epidural bolus after 10 ml loading dose of the respective solutions. The incidence of instrumental AVD demographic data, maternal and foetal vital parameters, maternal VAS scores, degree of motor blockade and total epidural drug consumption were studied. Results: The incidence of instrumental AVD was found to be equal in the levobupivacaine group and bupivacaine group. This difference was not statistically significant. Both groups were comparable in terms of demographic data, maternal VAS scores, total epidural drug consumption and foetal APGAR scores. Conclusion: The use of newer local anaesthetics (levobupivacaine and bupivacaine) in low concentrations with opioids (fentanyl) as epidural labour analgesia may offer high maternal satisfaction in terms of quality of pain relief with fewer adverse events like instrumental AVD and adverse foetal outcomes.
Controls on Stable Water Isotopes in Monsoonal Precipitation Across the Bay of Bengal: Atmosphere and Surface Analysis

Stable hydrogen isotopes in monsoonal precipitation (δDp) at three sites (Port Blair, Barisal and Darjeeling) reveal the factors governing δDp variations over a south‐north gradient across the Bay of Bengal. We found that the δDp at each site continuously decreases from May to September and these trends become more pronounced from south to north. The decreasing trends of downstream δDp closely follow the decreasing trends of upstream stable hydrogen isotopes in water vapor (δDv), which indicates that upstream δDv properties shape initial spatiotemporal patterns of the downstream δDp (“shaping effect”). Additionally, our results demonstrate that, during moisture transport, upstream vertical air motions (convection and downward motion) and topographic relief magnify the amplitude of the decreasing trends of downstream δDp (“magnifying effect”). Our findings imply that upstream δDv properties and relevant atmospheric and topographical conditions along the moisture transport pathway need to be considered collectively to better interpret paleoclimate records.
Einstein's Clocks, Poincare's Maps: Empires of Time

A dramatic new account of the parallel quests to harness time that culminated in the revolutionary science of relativity, Einstein's Clocks, Poincare's Maps is "part history, part science, part adventure, part biography, part meditation on the meaning of modernity.In Galison's telling of science, the meters and wires and epoxy and solder come alive as characters, along with physicists, engineers, technicians and others.Galison has unearthed fascinating material" (New York Times). Clocks and trains, telegraphs and colonial conquest: the challenges of the late nineteenth century were an indispensable real-world background to the enormous theoretical breakthrough of relativity. And two giants at the foundations of modern science were converging, step-by-step, on the answer: Albert Einstein, an young, obscure German physicist experimenting with measuring time using telegraph networks and with the coordination of clocks at train stations; and the renowned mathematician Henri Poincare, president of the French Bureau of Longitude, mapping time coordinates across continents. Each found that to understand the newly global world, he had to determine whether there existed a pure time in which simultaneity was absolute or whether time was relative. Esteemed historian of science Peter Galison has culled new information from rarely seen photographs, forgotten patents, and unexplored archives to tell the fascinating story of two scientists whose concrete, professional preoccupations engaged them in a silent race toward a theory that would conquer the empire of time.
Ginsenoside Rb1 Improves Post-Cardiac Arrest Myocardial Stunning and Cerebral Outcomes by Regulating the Keap1/Nrf2 Pathway

The prognosis of cardiac arrest (CA) is dismal despite the ongoing progress in cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). ginsenoside Rb1 (Gn-Rb1) has been verified to be cardioprotective in cardiac remodeling and cardiac ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury, but its role is less known in CA. After 15 min of potassium chloride-induced CA, male C57BL/6 mice were resuscitated. Gn-Rb1 was blindly randomized to mice after 20 s of CPR. We assessed the cardiac systolic function before CA and 3 h after CPR. Mortality rates, neurological outcome, mitochondrial homeostasis, and the levels of oxidative stress were evaluated. We found that Gn-Rb1 improved the long-term survival during the post-resuscitation period but did not affect the ROSC rate. Further mechanistic investigations revealed that Gn-Rb1 ameliorated CA/CPR-induced mitochondrial destabilization and oxidative stress, partially via the activation of Keap1/Nrf2 axis. Gn-Rb1 improved the neurological outcome after resuscitation partially by balancing the oxidative stress and suppressing apoptosis. In sum, Gn-Rb1 protects against post-CA myocardial stunning and cerebral outcomes via the induction of the Nrf2 signaling pathway, which may offer a new insight into therapeutic strategies for CA.
Comparison of Plasma Exosome Proteomes Between Obese and Non-Obese Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Purpose Obesity is considered a promoter of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. This study aimed to identify plasma exosome differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) that are potentially involved in the development of obesity-related T2DM. Methods Exosomes were isolated from the plasma of obese and non-obese T2DM patients (n = 10 for each group). A label-free quantitative mass spectrometry analysis was applied to identify plasma exosome DEPs in obese patients compared with non-obese patients, followed by bioinformatics analysis including GO annotation, KEGG analysis, subcellular localization prediction, transcription factor analysis, and protein-protein interaction (PPI) prediction. Results We identified 2 significantly upregulated proteins (C9 and PON1) and 5 significantly downregulated proteins (HPX, A1BG, CFHR1, ANG, and CALM) in obese patients compared with those in non-obese patients. KEGG analysis demonstrated that the insulin signaling pathway was one of the pathways that significantly correlated with the DEPs. The DEPs were primarily localized in the extracellular space (5 out of 7). HMG-box and NF-Y beta might regulate the transcription of the DEPs. C9, PON1, HPX, and CFHR1 were present in the PPI network. Conclusion The plasma exosome DEPs are potentially responsible for the development of obesity-related T2DM possibly through the insulin signaling pathway and the interaction with other proteins. Our study may guide future research direction toward the pathogenesis of obesity-related T2DM.
Polar columnar liquid crystals

In this article, polar columnar liquid crystals are reviewed. After introducing conventional ferroelectric liquid crystals such as smectic C* phases, bent-core smectic polar phases and chiral discotic phases, we stress that the polarisation direction existing in the xy plane (layer plane) is a common feature. Extensive attempts to realise polar columnar structures with the polarisation along the z axis (Ising type) are reviewed. Although some of them have a long life of polar order after turning off an electric field, a genuine columnar ferroelectric liquid crystal with Ising polarisation has not been discovered until quite recently. Finally, we describe the details of the process towards the discovery, structural features, physical properties and possible applications of this novel material.
Differential inequalities of functions involving the lowest zero of some associated orthogonal q-polynomials

Dedicated to Prof. L. Gatteschi on the occasion of his 80th birthday Many associated orthogonal q-polynomials satisfy a three term recurrence relation with a common specific form. In this article, a functional analytic method is developed for the study of monotonicity properties of the lowest zero of such associated orthogonal q-polynomials, based on the specific form of the related recurrence relation. Differential inequalities involving the lowest zero of associated continuous q-Jacobi, associated big q-Jacobi, associated Askey–Wilson polynomials and related ones are obtained.
Suicide in Deep Brain Stimulation for Parkinson’s Disease: A Retrospective Case-Control Study

Deep brain stimulation (DBS), a treatment of Parkinson’s disease (PD), has been associated with suicidality. We conducted a case-control study comparing suicide in four pairs of cohorts: PD patients with DBS or not, epilepsy patients with resection surgery or not, subjects with BMI≥30 with bariatric surgery or not, and patients with chronic kidney disease with transplantation or not. PD patients with DBS demonstrated a lower risk of suicide relative to PD patients without DBS. Findings from other elective surgeries indicate that patients receiving operative treatments do not possess predictable differences in suicide rates relative to their medically managed counterparts.
PD-1 and CTLA-4 exert additive control of effector regulatory T cells at homeostasis

At homeostasis, a substantial proportion of Foxp3+ T regulatory cells (Tregs) have an activated phenotype associated with enhanced TCR signals and these effector Treg cells (eTregs) co-express elevated levels of PD-1 and CTLA-4. Short term in vivo blockade of the PD-1 or CTLA-4 pathways results in increased eTreg populations, while combination blockade of both pathways had an additive effect. Mechanistically, combination blockade resulted in a reduction of suppressive phospho-SHP2 Y580 in eTreg cells which was associated with increased proliferation, enhanced production of IL-10, and reduced dendritic cell and macrophage expression of CD80 and MHC-II. Thus, at homeostasis, PD-1 and CTLA-4 function additively to regulate eTreg function and the ability to target these pathways in Treg cells may be useful to modulate inflammation.
Huygens' metasurfaces via the equivalence principle: design and applications

We review the current trends in the design of Huygens’ metasurfaces (HMSs), which are planar arrays of balanced electric and magnetic polarizable particles (meta-atoms) of subwavelength size. We focus on schemes that follow the equivalence principle, as these can be rigorously incorporated into Maxwell’s equations, leading to design specifications in the form of (electric and magnetic) surface-impedance distributions. The advantages of this approach with respect to the more common phase-shift stipulation approach are highlighted and discussed. We present a (microscopic) methodology to associate a general meta-atom configuration with an equivalent surface impedance, and derive metasurface (macroscopic) design procedures for various beam forming applications. The methods and concepts developed in the paper provide the basic tools for understanding and designing scalar, passive, and lossless HMSs, and we indicate possible extensions applicable to more complex structures.
Rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells induced by rrPDGF-BB promotes bone regeneration during distraction osteogenesis

Background: In the clinical treatment of large bone defects, distraction osteogenesis can be used. However, some patients may suffer from poor bone regeneration, or even delayed healing or non-union. Problems with the aggregation and proliferation of primary osteoblasts, or problems with the differentiation of primary osteoblasts will lead to poor bone regeneration. Therefore, supplementing exogenous primary osteoblasts and growth factors when using distraction osteogenesis may be a treatment plan with great potential. Methods: Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) were extracted from rats and cultured. Subsequently, Recombinant Rat Platelet-derived Growth Factor BB (rrPDGF-BB) was used to induce bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. At the same time, male adult rats were selected to make the right femoral distraction osteogenesis model. During the mineralization period, phosphate buffer salt solution (control group), non-induction bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (group 1) and recombinant rat platelet-derived growth factor BB intervened bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (group 2) were injected into the distraction areas of each group. Then, the experimental results were evaluated with imaging and histology. Statistical analysis of the data showed that the difference was statistically significant if p < 0.05. Results: After intervention with recombinant rat platelet-derived growth factor BB on bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, the cell morphology changed into a thin strip. After the cells were injected in the mineralization period, the samples showed that the callus in group 2 had greater hardness and the color close to the normal bone tissue; X-ray examination showed that there were more new callus in the distraction space of group 2; Micro-CT examination showed that there were more new bone tissues in group 2; Micro-CT data at week eight showed that the tissue volume, bone volume, percent bone volume, bone trabecular thickness, bone trabecular number and bone mineral density in group 2 were the largest, and the bone trabecular separation in group 2 was the smallest. There was a statistical difference between the groups (p < 0.05); HE staining confirmed that group 2 formed more blood vessels and chondrocytes earlier than the control group. At 8 weeks, the bone marrow cavity of group 2 was obvious, and some of them had been fused. Conclusion: The study confirmed that injecting bone marrow mesenchymal stem cellsBB into the distraction space of rats can promote the formation of new bone in the distraction area and promote the healing of distraction osteogenesis.
Experimental modeling of colour harmony

This study investigates colour harmony in visual experiments in order to develop a new quantitative colour harmony model. On the basis of new experimental results, colour harmony formulae were developed to predict colour harmony from the CIECAM02 hue, chroma, and lightness correlates of the members of two- or three-colour combinations. In the experiments, observers were presented two- and three-colour combinations displayed on a well-characterized CRT monitor in a dark room. Colour harmony was estimated visually on an 11 category scale from −5 (meaning completely disharmonious) to +5 (meaning completely harmonious), including 0 as the neutral colour harmony impression. From these results, mathematical models of colour harmony were developed. The visual results were also compared with classical colour harmony theories. Two supplementary experiments were also carried out: one of them tested the main principles of colour harmony with real Munsell colour chips, and another one compared the visual rating of the new models with existing colour harmony theories. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 2010.
No Two Systems Are the Same: Paramedic Perceptions of Contemporary System Performance Using Prehospital Quality Indicators

Introduction In recent years, researchers have identified two new models of paramedicine within the Anglo-American paramedic system known as the Directive and Professionally Autonomous paramedic systems. The research team now seek to compare paramedic perception of system performance between the two systems using prehospital quality indicators. Methods Paramedics employed within Anglo-American paramedic systems undertook a survey evaluating their experience and perception of system performance against a set of modified prehospital quality indicators. Data were collected using a survey combining single-choice questions with matrix multiple-choice questions. Key results were cross-tabulated with demographic (informant) and system factors to compare performance between the two new paramedic systems. Results The survey indicated a substantial difference in perceived clinical and operational performance between the Professionally Autonomous and Directive paramedic systems, with the Professionally Autonomous paramedic system performing consistently better in all 11 prehospital quality indicator domains. Conclusion The results of this survey are a vital step in helping paramedics, health leaders, and academics understand the complex relationship between paramedic system design and system performance, and, for the first time, provides empirical evidence upon which to make a conscious decision to adopt one system or the other.