Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Consistency of covid-19 trial preprints with published reports and impact for decision making: retrospective review

Objective To assess the trustworthiness (ie, complete and consistent reporting of key methods and results between preprint and published trial reports) and impact (ie, effects of preprints on meta-analytic estimates and the certainty of evidence) of preprint trial reports during the covid-19 pandemic. Design Retrospective review. Data sources World Health Organization covid-19 database and the Living Overview of the Evidence (L-OVE) covid-19 platform by the Epistemonikos Foundation (up to 3 August 2021). Main outcome measures Comparison of characteristics of covid-19 trials with and without preprints, estimates of time to publication of covid-19 preprints, and description of differences in reporting of key methods and results between preprints and their later publications. For the effects of eight treatments on mortality and mechanical ventilation, the study comprised meta-analyses including preprints and excluding preprints at one, three, and six months after the first trial addressing the treatment became available either as a preprint or publication (120 meta-analyses in total, 60 of which included preprints and 60 of which excluded preprints) and assessed the certainty of evidence using the GRADE framework. Results Of 356 trials included in the study, 101 were only available as preprints, 181 as journal publications, and 74 as preprints first and subsequently published in journals. The median time to publication of preprints was about six months. Key methods and results showed few important differences between trial preprints and their subsequent published reports. Apart from two (3.3%) of 60 comparisons, point estimates were consistent between meta-analyses including preprints versus those excluding preprints as to whether they indicated benefit, no appreciable effect, or harm. For nine (15%) of 60 comparisons, the rating of the certainty of evidence was different when preprints were included versus being excluded—the certainty of evidence including preprints was higher in four comparisons and lower in five comparisons. Conclusion No compelling evidence indicates that preprints provide results that are inconsistent with published papers. Preprints remain the only source of findings of many trials for several months—an unsuitable length of time in a health emergency that is not conducive to treating patients with timely evidence. The inclusion of preprints could affect the results of meta-analyses and the certainty of evidence. Evidence users should be encouraged to consider data from preprints.
Knowledge exchange through the dynamic interplay of social capital dimensions in supply chains

ABSTRACT This paper unpacks the differential effects of social capital and explores how its distinct dimensions and their dynamic interactions play out over the course of buyer-supplier interaction to influence knowledge exchange. Particular attention is directed towards the impact of cognitive social capital and the effects of shared cognition. Data are reported from a comparative case study investigation of four suppliers in the Indonesian automotive sector, using qualitative interview data collected from 131 participants. The results demonstrate that, whereas appropriate structural mechanisms and relational connections may be necessary to facilitate knowledge exchange, they are insufficient: cognitive social capital instead plays a more pivotal role in promoting knowledge exchange leading to new knowledge generation in supply chains. Practitioners need to be aware of such limitations on the efficacy of structural and relational connections alone and of the value of promoting greater cognitive connectivity between supply chain partners to promote relationship development and knowledge exchange.
Time Series Forecasting With Volatility Activation Function

Time series forecasting is the method of predicting future values of a model by reviewing its past data. Various models like traditional approaches, statistical methods, moving average, ARIMA, RNN’s, or XGBoost may also be applied. Activation functions are the primary most important hyper parameters or artificial neural networks that decide whether a neuron will be active or not. However, the most widely used sigmoid and ReLU activation functions include the problems of linearity, gradient protection, vanishing gradient and data convergence. Solution of these problems is significant for the development of activation functions which are one of the most important hyper parameters for artificial neural networks. A new activation function is suggested to generate a solution for the problems existing in the activation functions within the scope of this study. A hybrid model has been created from the RNN and LSTM algorithms and applied on different time series data in order to implement this suggested activation function called as the volatility activation function. The volatility activation function has been compared with the literature studies, the conditions for being a function have been proved and its applicability has been demonstrated by means of financial instrument and electrical transformer temperature data. As a result of the study, the characteristics of the volatility activation function have been presented; additionally its applicability, validity and proof has been performed. Furthermore, it has been proved that the problems found in the activation functions used in the literature are not existing in the volatility activation function. It has been verified that the volatility activation function is functional on time series. To demonstrate the feasibility of the volatility activation function, it has been applied to three different time series problems. As a result of the study conducted on the electrical transformer temperature estimation, MSE = 0.362 and MAE = 0.448 were obtained; namely these results are similar to the literature studies. In the test results with ounce gold data, the accuracy rate increased by 0,1. In the test results with Australian rain forecast data, the accuracy rate increased by 0,2. As a result, a new activation function is suggested for the deep learning.
Practice guidelines for the management of Helicobacter pylori infection: The Saudi H. pylori Working Group recommendations

The eradication rates for Helicobacter pylori globally are decreasing with a dramatic increase in the prevalence of antibiotic resistant bacteria all over the world, including Saudi Arabia. There is no current consensus on the management of H. pylori in Saudi Arabia. The Saudi Gastroenterology Association developed these practice guidelines after reviewing the local and regional studies on the management of H. pylori. The aim was to establish recommendations to guide healthcare providers in managing H. pylori in Saudi Arabia. Experts in the areas of H. pylori management and microbiology were invited to write these guidelines. A literature search was performed, and all authors participated in writing and reviewing the guidelines. In addition, international guidelines and consensus reports were reviewed to bridge the gap in knowledge when local and regional data were unavailable. There is limited local data on treatment of H. pylori. The rate of clarithromycin and metronidazole resistance is high; therefore, standard triple therapy for 10–14 days is no longer recommended in the treatment of H. pylori unless antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed. Based on the available data, bismuth quadruple therapy for 10–14 days is considered the best first-line and second-line therapy. Culture and antimicrobial susceptibility testing should be considered following two treatment failures. These recommendations are intended to provide the most relevant evidence-based guidelines for the management of H. pylori infection in Saudi Arabia. The working group recommends further studies to explore more therapeutic options to eradicate H. pylori.
Les Houches 2011: Physics at TeV Colliders New Physics Working Group Report

Author(s): Brooijmans, G; Gripaios, B; Moortgat, F; Santiago, J; Skands, P; Vasquez, D Albornoz; Allanach, BC; Alloul, A; Arbey, A; Azatov, A; Baer, H; Balazs, C; Barr, A; Basso, L; Battaglia, M; Bechtle, P; Belanger, G; Belyaev, A; Benslama, K; Bergstrom, L; Bharucha, A; Boehm, C; Bondarenko, M; Bondu, O; Boos, E; Boudjema, F; Bringmann, T; Brown, M; Bunichev, V; Calvet, S; Campanelli, M; Carmona, A; Cerdeno, DG; Chala, M; Chivukula, RS; Chowdhury, D; Christensen, ND; Cirelli, M; Cox, S; Cranmer, K; Silva, J Da; Delahaye, T; Roeck, A De; Djouadi, A; Dobson, E; Dolan, M; Donato, F; Rochelle, G Drieu La; Duda, G; Duhr, C; Dumont, B; Edsjo, J; Ellis, J; Evoli, C; Falkowski, A; Felcini, M; Fuks, B; Gabrielli, E; Gaggero, D; Gascon-Shotkin, S; Ghosh, DK; Giammanco, A; Godbole, RM; Gondolo, P; Goto, T; Grasso, D; Gris, P; Guadagnoli, D; Gunion, JF; Haisch, U; Hartgring, L; Heinemeyer, S; Hirsch, M; Hewett, J; Ismail, A; Jeltema, T; Kadastik, M; Kakizaki, M; Kannike, K; Khalil, S; Kneur, J-L; Kramer, M; Kraml, S; Kreiss, S; Lavalle, J | Abstract: We present the activities of the "New Physics" working group for the "Physics at TeV Colliders" workshop (Les Houches, France, 30 May-17 June, 2011). Our report includes new agreements on formats for interfaces between computational tools, new tool developments, important signatures for searches at the LHC, recommendations for presentation of LHC search results, as well as additional phenomenological studies.
Self-regulated learning strategies of Macau English as a foreign language learners: Validity of responses and academic achievements

Self-regulation is important in enhancing students’ academic performance, yet evidence for the systematic and valid instruments to measure self-regulated learning strategies of college students in an English as a foreign language context is far from robust. This study was situated to develop an evaluation tool to examine the status quo of self-regulated learning strategies employed by college English learners and the associations between the use of these strategies and their academic achievement. A large-scale survey was conducted at a university in Macau to provide evidence of the construct validity of responses to the questionnaire on self-regulated learning strategies. Conceptualized in social cognitive theory, the questionnaire comprised environmental, behavioral and personal self-regulated learning strategies with 48 items weaving into 10 dimensions. Strong evidence for reliability and validity was found. Findings also revealed that students who intrinsically valued and used more self-regulated learning strategies achieved higher academic performance. Students in advanced-level English course reported significantly more frequent use of self-regulated learning strategies than students in medium-level and mixed-level English courses. Our results draw attention to the pedagogical orientation for teachers of English as a foreign/second language in helping students become adaptive learners with self-regulative process.
Elementary charge-transfer processes in mesoscopic conductors

We determine charge-transfer statistics in a quantum conductor driven by a time-dependent voltage and identify the elementary transport processes. At zero temperature unidirectional and bidirectional single-charge transfers occur. The unidirectional processes involve electrons injected from the source terminal due to excess dc bias voltage. The bidirectional processes involve electron-hole pairs created by time-dependent voltage bias. This interpretation is further supported by the charge-transfer statistics in a multiterminal beam-splitter geometry in which injected electrons and holes can be partitioned into different outgoing terminals. The probabilities of elementary processes can be probed by noise measurements: the unidirectional processes set the dc noise level, while bidirectional ones give rise to the excess noise. For ac voltage drive, the noise oscillates with increasing the driving amplitude. The decomposition of the noise into the contributions of elementary processes reveals the origin of these oscillations: the number of electron-hole pairs generated per cycle increases with increasing the amplitude. The decomposition of the noise into elementary processes is studied for different time-dependent voltages. The method we use is also suitable for systematic calculation of higher-order current correlators at finite temperature. We obtain current noise power and the third cumulant in the presence of time-dependent voltage drive. The charge-transfer statistics at finite temperature can be interpreted in terms of multiple-charge transfers with probabilities which depend on energy and temperature.
Numerical investigation of symmetry breaking and critical behavior of the acoustic streaming field in high-intensity discharge lamps

For energy efficiency and material cost reduction it is preferred to drive high-intensity discharge lamps at frequencies of approximately 300 kHz. However, operating lamps at these high frequencies bears the risk of stimulating acoustic resonances inside the arc tube, which can result in low frequency light flicker and even lamp destruction. The acoustic streaming effect has been identified as the link between high frequency resonances and low frequency flicker. A highly coupled three-dimensional multiphysics model has been set up to calculate the acoustic streaming velocity field inside the arc tube of high-intensity discharge lamps. It has been found that the velocity field suffers a phase transition to an asymmetrical state at a critical acoustic streaming force. In certain respects the system behaves similar to a ferromagnet near the Curie point. It is discussed how the model allows to investigate the light flicker phenomenon. Concerning computer resources the procedure is considerably less demanding than a direct approach with a transient model.
Acceleration of the universe: a reconstruction of the effective equation of state

The present work is based upon a parametric reconstruction of the effective or total equation of state in a model for the universe with accelerated expansion. The constraints on the model parameters are obtained by maximum likelihood analysis using the supernova distance modulus data, observational Hubble data, baryon acoustic oscillation data and cosmic microwave background shift parameter data. For statistical comparison, the same analysis has also been carried out for the wCDM dark energy model. Different model selection criteria (Akaike information criterion (AIC)) and (Bayesian Information Criterion (BIC)) give the clear indication that the reconstructed model is well consistent with the wCDM model. Then both the models (w_{eff}(z) model and wCDM model) have also been presented through (q_0 ,j_0 ) parameter space. Tighter constraint on the present values of dark energy equation of state parameter (w_{DE}(z = 0)) and cosmological jerk (j_0) have been achieved for the reconstructed model.
An Initial Investigation of the Effects of Turbulence Models on the Convergence of the RK/Implicit Scheme

A three-stage Runge-Kutta (RK) scheme with multigrid and an implicit preconditioner has been shown to be an effective solver for the fluid dynamic equations. This scheme has been applied to both the compressible and essentially incompressible Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) equations using the algebraic turbulence model of Baldwin and Lomax (BL). In this paper we focus on the convergence of the RK/implicit scheme when the effects of turbulence are represented by either the Spalart-Allmaras model or the Wilcox k-! model, which are frequently used models in practical fluid dynamic applications. Convergence behavior of the scheme with these turbulence models and the BL model are directly compared. For this initial investigation we solve the flow equations and the partial differential equations of the turbulence models indirectly coupled. With this approach we examine the convergence behavior of each system. Both point and line symmetric Gauss-Seidel are considered for approximating the inverse of the implicit operator of the flow solver. To solve the turbulence equations we use a diagonally dominant alternating direction implicit (DDADI) scheme. Computational results are presented for three airfoil flow cases and comparisons are made with experimental data. We demonstrate that the two-dimensional RANS equations and transport-type equations for turbulence modeling can be efficiently solved with an indirectly coupled algorithm that uses the RK/implicit scheme for the flow equations.
EXPLORING THE DIVERSITY OF GROUPS AT 0.1 < z < 0.8 WITH X-RAY AND OPTICALLY SELECTED SAMPLES

We present the global group properties of two samples of galaxy groups containing 39 high-quality X-ray-selected systems and 38 optically (spectroscopically) selected systems in coincident spatial regions at 0.12 < z < 0.79. The total mass range of the combined sample is ∼(1012–5) × 1014 M☉. Only nine optical systems are associable with X-ray systems. We discuss the confusion inherent in the matching of both galaxies to extended X-ray emission and of X-ray emission to already identified optical systems. Extensive spectroscopy has been obtained and the resultant redshift catalog and group membership are provided here. X-ray, dynamical, and total stellar masses of the groups are also derived and presented. We explore the effects of utilizing different centers and applying three different kinds of radial cut to our systems: a constant cut of 1 Mpc and two r200 cuts, one based on the velocity dispersion of the system and the other on the X-ray emission. We find that an X-ray-based r200 results in less scatter in scaling relations and less dynamical complexity as evidenced by results of the Anderson–Darling and Dressler–Schectman tests, indicating that this radius tends to isolate the virialized part of the system. The constant and velocity dispersion based cuts can overestimate membership and can work to inflate velocity dispersion and dynamical and stellar mass. We find LX–σ and Mstellar–LX scaling relations for X-ray and optically selected systems are not dissimilar. The mean fraction of mass found in stars, excluding intracluster light, for our systems is ∼0.014 with a logarithmic standard deviation of 0.398 dex. We also define and investigate a sample of groups which are X-ray underluminous given the total group stellar mass. For these systems the fraction of stellar mass contributed by the most massive galaxy is typically lower than that found for the total population of groups implying that there may be less intragroup medium contributed from the most massive member in these systems. Eighty percent of 15 underluminous groups have less than 40% of their stellar mass in the most massive galaxy which happens in less than 1% of cases with samples matched in stellar mass, taken from the combined group catalog.
Systematic spectral analysis of GX 339‐4: Influence of Galactic background and reflection models

Black hole X-ray binaries display large outbursts, during which their properties are strongly variable. We develop a sys¬tematic spectral analysis of the 3–40 keV RXTE/PCA data in order to study the evolution of these systems and apply it to GX 339-4. Using the low count rate observations, we provide a precise model of the Galactic background at GX 339-4's location and discuss its possible impact on the source spectral parameters. At higher fluxes, the use of a Gaussian line to model the reflection component can lead to the detection of a high-temperature disk, in particular in the high-hard state. We demonstrate that this component is an artifact arising from an incomplete modeling of the reflection spectrum. (© 2016 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
THE ESTIMATION OF STAR FORMATION RATES AND STELLAR POPULATION AGES OF HIGH-REDSHIFT GALAXIES FROM BROADBAND PHOTOMETRY

We explore methods to improve the estimates of star formation rates and mean stellar population ages from broadband photometry of high-redshift star-forming galaxies. We use synthetic spectral templates with a variety of simple parametric star formation histories to fit broadband spectral energy distributions. These parametric models are used to infer ages, star formation rates, and stellar masses for a mock data set drawn from a hierarchical semi-analytic model of galaxy evolution. Traditional parametric models generally assume an exponentially declining rate of star formation after an initial instantaneous rise. Our results show that star formation histories with a much more gradual rise in the star formation rate are likely to be better templates, and are likely to give better overall estimates of the age distribution and star formation rate distribution of Lyman break galaxies (LBGs). For B- and V-dropouts, we find the best simple parametric model to be one where the star formation rate increases linearly with time. The exponentially declining model overpredicts the age by 100% and 120% for B- and V-dropouts, on average, while for a linearly increasing model, the age is overpredicted by 9% and 16%, respectively. Similarly, the exponential model underpredicts star formation rates by 56% and 60%, while the linearly increasing model underpredicts by 15% and 22%, respectively. For U-dropouts, the models where the star formation rate has a peak (near z ∼ 3) provide the best match for age—overprediction is reduced from 110% to 26%—and star formation rate—underprediction is reduced from 58% to 22%. We classify different types of star formation histories in the semi-analytic models and show how the biases behave for the different classes. We also provide two-band calibration formulae for stellar mass and star formation rate estimations.