Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Dynamic graph analysis reveals aging effects on motor network communication

The vast majority of our actions, including their preparation and execution, result from a complex interplay of brain regions. To date our knowledge of aging-associated functional changes in the motor networks, which are known to impact motor performance, remains sketchy. In this study, we generated and analyzed dynamical graphs based on phase-locking of EEG signals recorded from healthy right-handed younger (YS) and older subjects (OS) while they performed a simple finger-tapping task. The network analysis yielded four major results: An underlying coupling structure around movement onset in the low frequencies (2-7 Hz) present in YS and OS. The network in OS, however, contained several additional connections, in particular interhemispheric ones, and showed an overall increased coupling density, which was supported by significantly increased node degrees. Louvain clustering, the calculation of the variance of information, and the node flexibility revealed reduced variability of the subnetworks in OS, particularly during movement preparation. The analysis of hub nodes showed a strong involvement of occipital, parietal, sensorimotor, and central regions in YS. In OS, the first occurrence of sensorimotor hubs was noticeably delayed and preceded by a hub in frontal areas. We were able to unravel the temporal development of specific age-related dynamic network structures, which seem to be a necessary prerequisite for the execution of a motor act. The increased interhemispheric connectivity and the additional inclusion of frontal electrodes converge with but extend previous fMRI data, which report an overactivation, especially in the prefrontal and pre-motor areas, associated with a loss of hemispheric lateralization in OS. All observed network changes, i.e., an increase in frontal nodes and connections and the decrease in flexibility of the established large network, are compatible with a compensatory mechanism to maintain motor function in OS. We further hypothesize that the more extended information processing, suggested by a detour via frontal regions, is related to the longer reaction times observed in OS.
IMPLEMENTASI PENDIDIKAN KARAKTER MELALUI MANAGEMEN SEKOLAH

Artikel ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan hakikat implementasi pendidikan karakter melalui Kegiatan Pembelajaran di lingkungan sekolah. Artikel ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif jenis studi pustaka. Pendidikan karakter memiliki peranan penting dalam pembinaan moral siswa yang berkaitan dengan konsep moral, sikap moral, dan prilaku moral. Ketiga aspek tersebut harus mendapat dikembangkan agar dapat mewujudkan siswa yang berkarakter mulia. Sehubungan dengan konsep manajemen sekolah pendidikan karakter perlu diinternalisasikan melalui kegiatan pembelajaran, kegiatan ekstrakurikuler, dan kegiatan intrakurikuler. Pembentukan karakter melalui faktor lingkungan dapat dilakukan melalui beberapa strategi, antara lain yaitu keteladanan, intervensi, pembiasaan yang dilakukan secara konsisten dan penguatan. Dengan kata lain, perkembangan dalam pembentukan karakter memerlukan keteladanan yang ditularkan, intervensi melalui proses pembelajaran, pelatihan, pembiasaan terus-menerus dalam jangka panjang yang dilakukan secara kontinyu dan penguatan, serta harus diimbangi dengan nilai-nilai luhur.
Leadless pacemakers for right ventricle pacing

Leadless cardiac pacemakers are self-contained intracardiac devices that can be implanted entirely inside the right ventricle of the heart. The expected benefit is the avoidance of complications associated with the placement of an external pulse generator in a surgical pocket in the chest, and the transmission of impulses through transvenous leads required in conventional pacemakers. Leadless pacemakers are an emergent technology for which there are only preliminary results available. The three available studies are non-randomised and there is no direct comparison of the benefit of leadless cardiac pacemakers over contemporary single-chamber systems. At present, we recommend against the inclusion of leadless cardiac pacemakers in the Austrian BMG catalogue of procedures.
Spectra and variability of accreting black holes

We analyse a sample of 21 active galactic nuclei (AGN) using data from the Swift satellite to study the variability properties of the population in the X-ray, UV and optical band. We find that the variable part of the UV-optical emission has a spectrum consistent with a powerlaw, with an average index of −2.2±0.1, as would be expected from central illumination of a thin disc (index of −7/3). We also calculate the slope of a powerlaw from UV to X-ray variable emission, αOX,Var; the average for this sample is αOX,Var =−1.06±0.04. The anticorrelation of αOX with the UV luminosity, LUV, previously found in the average emission is also present in the variable part: αOX,Var = (−0.18±0.08) log(Lν ,Var(2500Å))+(3.9±2.3). Correlated variability between the emission in X-rays and UV is detected significantly for 9 of the 21 sources. All these cases are consistent with the UV lagging the X-rays, as would be seen if the correlated UV variations were produced by the reprocessing of X-ray emission. The observed UV lags are tentatively longer than expected for a standard thin disc.
Understanding influential factors behind lurking behaviour in online cancer communities

ABSTRACT Online cancer communities (OCC) provide support for cancer-affected people who experience psychological and emotional challenges. This study investigates the influence of online community environmental features and individual factors on members’ online lurking behaviour in the OCC because many users become members but do not participate. The results showed that reciprocity, the richness of contents, perceived moderator enthusiasm, and speed of response represent community environmental features that influence participation behaviour in the OCC. Individuals who exhibited extroversion and openness-to-feelings attitudes are more willing to participate in online discussions. Cancer knowledge, functional well-being, and psychological well-being are influential psychosocial factors that are not related to the OCC and that can predict online participation. Peer support and bad experience represent factors emerging as being part of the online community that can influence online participation. These findings provide insights into designing an OCC that encourages participation from all members.
Evaluation of two methods for counting residual leukocytes in leuko-reduced platelets: Nageotte's method and flow cytometry

Introduction: Leukoreduced (LR) blood components are used for the prevention of several transfusion adverse effects. Advancement in technology has led to newer methods to count residual leukocytes (rWBC) which miss detection on most standard automated hematology analyzers. Materials and Methods: Samples from thirty eight platelet concentrates (prepared by Buffy-coat method) were randomly taken on the day of preparation for rWBC count using Nageotte's chamber and flowcytometer. Results: The rWBC count on Nageotte's ranged from 2.5 WBC/μL to a maximum of 600 WBC/μL where as the flowcytometric count had a lowest of 1.97 WBC/μL to a highest of 740 WBC/μL. We found that the WBC counts using the Nageotte's method and flowcytometeric method are highly correlated. The concordance correlation coefficient or intraclass correlation coefficient which is a measure of reliability was 0.78 Conclusion: In view of the high concordance in correlation coefficient between the two methods, Nageotte's method could be skillfully performed for assessing leukoreduction in LR platelet concentrates of resource constrained blood banks of developing nations.
Water Absorption and Dimensional Stability of Heat-treated Fast-growing Hardwoods

1) A common problem with fast-growing hardwoods is dimensional instability that limits use of their wood. In this study, we investigated the effects of pre-drying methods, temperatures, and heating duration on the specific gravity, water absorption, and dimensional stability of three tropical fast-growing hardwoods, jabon (Neolamarckia cadamba Roxb.), sengon (Falcataria moluccana Miq.), and mangium (Acacia mangium Willd.). Wood samples were pre-dried by two methods (fan and oven at 40 °C), and heat treatments were performed at three temperatures (120, 150, and 180 °C) for two different time periods (2 and 6 hours). The specific gravity, water absorption, dimensional stability, and structural changes of the samples were evaluated. The results revealed that heat treatments slightly reduced the specific gravity of all three wood species. In addition, the heat treatments reduced water absorption and significantly improved dimensional stability of the samples. Oven pre-drying followed by heat treatment at 180 °C for 6 hours resulted in good physical improvement of jabon and sengon wood. Fan pre-drying followed by heat treatment at 180 °C for 2 hours improved the physical properties of mangium wood. The heat treatment shows a promising technique for improving the physical characteristic of fast growing hardwoods.
Are Supercells Resistant to Entrainment because of Their Rotation?

This research investigates a hypothesis posed by previous authors, which argues that the helical nature of the flow in supercell updrafts makes them more resistant to entrainment than nonsupercellular updrafts because of the suppressed turbulence in purely helical flows. It was further supposed that this entrainment resistance contributes to the steadiness and longevity of supercell updrafts. A series of idealized large-eddy simulations were run to address this idea, wherein the deep-layer shear and hodograph shape were varied, resulting in supercells in the strongly sheared runs, nonsupercells in the weakly sheared runs, and variations in the percentage of streamwise vorticity in updrafts among runs. Fourier energy spectrum analyses show well-developed inertial subranges in all simulations, which suggests that the percentages of streamwise and crosswise vorticity have little effect on turbulence in convective environments. Additional analyses find little evidence of updraft-scale centrifugally stable flow within updrafts, which has also been hypothesized to limit horizontal mass flux across supercell updrafts. Results suggest that supercells do have smaller fractional entrainment rates than nonsupercells, but these differences are consistent with theoretical dependencies of entrainment on updraft width, and with supercells being wider than nonsupercells. Thus, while supercells do experience reduced fractional entrainment rates and entrainment-driven dilution, this advantage is primarily attributable to increased supercell updraft width relative to ordinary convection, and has little to do with updraft helicity and rotation.
Recent advances in optimization and game theoretic control for networked systems

The aim of this paper is to provide an overview, although unnecessarily complete, of recent advances in optimal control, optimization, and game theory for networked systems. First, the recent research results and progress in optimal control and game theory for logical domain networked systems are summarized. Then, the recent developments on networked optimization and game theory for continuous domain systems are presented afterward. Finally, after introducing some recent practical applications of optimal control and game theory on networked systems, we conclude the paper with a short discussion on future research perspectives.
Hydroxide Ion Carrier for Proton Pump in Bacteriorhodopsin: Primary Proton Transfer

Bacteriorhodopsin (BR) is a model protein for light-driven proton pumps, where the vectorial active proton transport results in light-energy conversion. To clarify the microscopic mechanism of primary proton transfer from retinal Schiff base (SB) to Asp85 in BR, herein we performed quantum-mechanical metadynamics simulations of the whole BR system (∼3800 atoms). The simulations showed a novel proton transfer mechanism, viz. hydroxide ion mechanism, in which the deprotonation of specific internal water (Wat452) yields the protonation of Asp85 via Thr89, after which the resulting hydroxide ion accepts the remaining proton from retinal SB. Furthermore, systematic investigations adopting four sequential snapshots obtained by the time-resolved serial femtosecond crystallography revealed that proton transfer took 2–5.25 μs on the photocycle. The presence of Wat401, which is the main difference between snapshots at 2 and 5.25 μs, is found to be essential in assisting the primary proton transfer. SIGNIFICANCE Bacteriorhodopsin (BR), the benchmark of light-driven proton pumps, has attracted much attention from diverse areas in terms of energy conversion. Despite the significant experimental and theoretical efforts, the microscopic mechanism of the proton transfers in BR is not completely unveiled. In this study, quantum-mechanical molecular dynamics simulations of whole BR system were performed to elucidate the primary proton transfer in the L intermediate state with the latest snapshots obtained from X-ray free electron laser. As a result, it is found that the hydroxide ion originating from the specific internal water, which appears at the active site only in the L state, acts as a carrier for the primary proton transfer, demonstrating the importance of hydroxide ions in proton pumps.
Factors Affecting Mudaraba Deposit in Islamic Commercial Bank in Indonesia

: The purpose of this study is to investigate the factors that influence mudaraba deposits in Islamic commercial banks in Indonesia. Factors thought to influence mudaraba deposits are liquidity risk as measured by the financing to deposit ratio (FDR), credit risk as measured by non-performing financing (NPF), many branch offices, profit sharing indicator (PSI), and interest rates. The population in this study was 13 Islamic commercial banks operating in Indonesia with a sample of 8 Islamic commercial banks taken by purposive sampling method. To test the hypotheses, multiple regression analysis tools were used at a significance level of 0.05. The results showed that the indicator of profit-sharing did not affect mudaraba deposits, while liquidity risk (FDR), credit risk (NPF), and a number of branch offices had a significant positive effect on mudaraba deposits, while interest rates also had a significant but negative effect on mudaraba deposits.
The Mediating Effect of Information Asymmetry and Agency Costs on the Relationship Between CSR and Investment Efficiency

The purpose of the present study is to investigate the relationship between corporate social responsibility and investment efficiency with particular emphasis on the mediating role of agency cost and information asymmetry in a sample of 121 firms listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange during the time period from 2012 to 2017. The research hypotheses are tested using multivariate regression analysis based on panel data and Eviews software. The results indicate that corporate social responsibility is negatively correlated with investment inefficiency. In other words, corporate social responsibility leads to reduced investment inefficiency. Also, information asymmetry plays a mediating role in the relationship between corporate social responsibility disclosure and underinvestment, whereas the variable of agency cost mediates the association between corporate social responsibility disclosure and overinvestment.
Detection of 2D and 3D Video Transitions Based on EEG Power

Despite the long and extensive history of 3D technology, it has recently attracted the attention of researchers. This technology has become the center of interest of young people because of the real feelings and sensations it creates. People see their environment as 3D because of their eye structure. In this study, it is hypothesized that people lose their perception of depth during sleepy moments and that there is a sudden transition from 3D vision to 2D vision. Regarding these transitions, the EEG signal analysis method was used for deep and comprehensive analysis of 2D and 3D brain signals. In this study, a single-stream anaglyph video of random 2D and 3D segments was prepared. After watching this single video, the obtained EEG recordings were considered for two different analyses: the part involving the critical transition (transition state) and the state analysis of only the 2D versus 3D or 3D versus 2D parts (steady state). The main objective of this study is to see the behavioral changes of brain signals in 2D and 3D transitions. To clarify the impacts of the human brain’s power spectral density (PSD) in 2D-to-3D (2D_3D) and 3D-to-2D (3D_2D) transitions of anaglyph video, nine visual healthy individuals were prepared for testing in this pioneering study. Spectrogram graphs based on short time Fourier transform (STFT) were considered to evaluate the power spectrum analysis in each EEG channel of transition or steady state. Thus, in 2D and 3D transition scenarios, important channels representing EEG frequency bands and brain lobes will be identified. To classify the 2D and 3D transitions, the dominant bands and time intervals representing the maximum difference of PSD were selected. Afterward, effective features were selected by applying statistical methods such as standard deviation, maximum (max) and Hjorth parameters to epochs indicating transition intervals. Ultimately, k-nearest neighbors, support vector machine and linear discriminant analysis (LDA) algorithms were applied to classify 2D_3D and 3D_2D transitions. The frontal, temporal and partially parietal lobes show 2D_3D and 3D_2D transitions with a good classification success rate. Overall, it was found that Hjorth parameters and LDA algorithms have 71.11% and 77.78% classification success rates for transition and steady state, respectively.
An inconvenient truth: at least three prostate-specific antigen-based screening cycles are needed to reduce subsequent prostate cancer incidence

The pros and cons of using prostate-specific antigen (PSA) for prostate cancer (PC) screening have been debated in terms of mortality reduction versus overdiagnosis and overtreatment as well as the overall balance of quality-of-life effects and cost-effectiveness. Because PSA is not a PC-specific biomarker, the use of PSA as a biomarker for PC has several limitations. In addition, PSA levels are influenced by several factors, including age, acute prostatitis, ejaculation, catheterization, and certain medications. Furthermore, there is no precise value indicative of a lack of PC risk, and PSA levels cannot distinguish between indolent and aggressive disease, particularly at PSA levels below 20 ng/mL. In addition, approximately 15% men with serum PSA levels below 4 ng/mL are at risk for PC (1).
Enhanced Intra Prediction for Video Coding by Using Multiple Neural Networks

This paper enhances the intra prediction by using multiple neural network modes (NM). Each NM serves as an end-to-end mapping from the neighboring reference blocks to the current coding block. For the provided NMs, we present two schemes (appending and substitution) to integrate the NMs with the traditional modes (TM) defined in high efficiency video coding (HEVC). For the appending scheme, each NM is corresponding to a certain range of TMs. The categorization of TMs is based on the expected prediction errors. After determining the relevant TMs for each NM, we present a probability-aware mode signaling scheme. The NMs with higher probabilities to be the best mode are signaled with fewer bits. For the substitution scheme, we propose to replace the highest and lowest probable TMs. New most probable mode (MPM) generation method is also employed when substituting the lowest probable TMs. Experimental results demonstrate that using multiple NMs will improve the coding efficiency apparently compared with the single NM. Specifically, proposed appending scheme with seven NMs can save 2.6%, 3.8%, and 3.1% BD-rate for Y, U, and V components compared with using single NM in the state-of-the-art works.
Spatially organized genomic and physiological heterogeneity of the olfactory bulb mitral cell layer

Sensory inputs to the dorsal vs ventral olfactory bulb derive from distinct receptor families, and drive distinct behaviors. To address whether second-order OB neurons and circuits exhibit matching heterogeneity for input-specific readout, we clustered spatial expression profiles of >2,000 genes from the mitral cell layer (MCL). We observed clear dorsal and ventral clusters, together with dorsoventral differences in mitral cell physiology. Bulbar circuits may therefore be tuned for zone-specific computation.
Cryo-EM structures reveal two distinct conformational states in a picornavirus cell entry intermediate

The virions of enteroviruses such as poliovirus undergo a global conformational change after binding to the cellular receptor, characterized by a 4% expansion, and opening of holes at the two and quasi-three-fold symmetry axes of the capsid. The resultant particle is called a 135S particle or A-particle and is thought to be on the pathway to a productive infection. Previously published studies have concluded that the membrane interactive peptides, namely VP4 and the N-terminus of VP1, are irreversibly externalized in the 135S particle. However, using established protocols to produce the 135S particle, and single particle cryo-electron microscopy methods, we have identified at least two unique states that we call the early and late 135S particle. Surprisingly, only in the “late” 135S particles have detectable levels of the VP1 N-terminus trapped outside the capsid. Moreover, we observe a distinct density inside the capsid that can be accounted for by VP4 that remains associated with the genome. Taken together our results conclusively demonstrate that the 135S particle is not a unique conformation, but rather a family of conformations that could exist simultaneously. AUTHOR SUMMARY Nonenveloped viruses need to provide mechanisms that allow their genomes to be delivered across membrane. This process remains poorly understood. For enterovirus such as poliovirus, genome delivery involves a program of conformational changes that include expansion of the particle and externalization of two normal internal peptides, VP4 and the VP1 N-terminus, which then insert into the cell membrane, triggering endocytosis and the creation of pores that facilitate the transfer of the viral RNA genome across the endosomal membrane. This manuscript describes five high-resolution cryo-EM structures of altered poliovirus particles that represent a number of intermediates along this pathway. The structures reveal several surprising findings, including the discovery of a new intermediate that is expanded but has not yet externalized the membrane interactive peptides, the clear identification of a unique exit site VP1 N-terminus, the demonstration that the externalized VP1 N-terminus partitions between two different sites in a temperature-dependent fashion, direct visualization of an amphipathic helix at the N-terminus of VP1 in an ideal position for interaction with cellular membranes, and the observation that a significant portion of VP4 remains inside the particle and accounts for a feature that had been previously ascribed to part of the viral RNA. These findings represent significant additions to our understanding of the cell entry process of an important class of human pathogens.
A patient's perspective

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