Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Identification of Quaternary scarps in southwest and central west Western Australia using DEM-based hill shading: application to seismic hazard assessment and neotectonics

An examination of regionally extensive hill-shaded Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) 90 m resolution and Department of Land Information (DLI) 10 m resolution digital elevation data, and discussions with government and industry geologists familiar with the local geology, has resulted in the identification of 38 previously unrecognized linear topographic scarps in the southwest and central west of Western Australia. I contend that most of these relate to Quaternary surface-rupturing earthquakes. If validated, this more than doubles the number of Quaternary fault scarps known from this area, bringing the total to 60. The newly recognized scarps average between 25 and 50 km in length and from ∼1.5 to 20 m in height. The geometric, recurrence and spatial attributes of these features make it possible to propose a model describing the causative seismicity. The model contends that uniform contractional strain in the ductile lithosphere manifests as localized, transient and recurrent brittle deformation in zones of pre-existing crustal weakness in the upper lithosphere. The data presented allow for ready calculation of the maximum probable magnitude earthquake for the southwest of Western Australia, and identify ‘earthquake-prone’ regions of interest to seismic hazard assessors.
Change in winter climate will affect dissolved organic carbon and water fluxes in mid‐to‐high latitude catchments

There is a growing awareness that mid‐to‐high latitude regions will be strongly affected by climate change. These changes are predicted to be especially pronounced during winter, particularly at higher latitudes. To test how water quality in northern catchments could be affected by warmer winter climates, we assembled long‐term data from eight well‐studied catchments in Sweden, Scotland, Canada and the USA across a climatic gradient spanning from −2 to +9 °C in mean annual temperature and between −11.6 and + 6.1 °C in average winter temperature. We used the climatic gradient combined with inter‐annual variability among catchments to examine how warmer winters could affect the seasonality (seasonal timing) and synchroneity (coupling) of water and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) fluxes. In general, sites with colder winters (less than −5 °C) experienced an export concentrated in spring, whereas sites with warmer winters (>0 °C) displayed a more evenly distributed export across all seasons. Catchments with warmer winters also displayed less synchroneity between water and DOC flux during winter compared with colder sites, whereas the opposite was found for the spring. Patterns from the climatic gradient were supported by inter‐annual variability at individual sites where both seasonality and synchroneity in the spring were related to the temperature during the preceding winter. Our findings suggest that one likely consequence of warmer winters in northern regions is that the proportion of the annual DOC and water export will increase during winter and decrease during spring and summer. This is of importance as it is the latter seasons during which downstream utilization of both water and DOC often is largest. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Initial bioerosion and bioaccretion on experimental substrates in high island and atoll lagoons (French Polynesia)

In order to estimate the losses of CaCO3 from bioerosion (grazing and boring), experimental coral substrates were laid in the lagoons of high islands and atolls in French Polynesia. After six months of exposure, the sites could be divided into those exhibiting net bioerosion and those exhibiting net accretion. Of the five sites exhibiting net bioerosion (grazing and macroboring greater than accretion), three were located off high islands and two in atoll lagoons. The average net rate of bioerosion was greatest at Faaa in Papeete Bay, Tahiti (10.45 kg.m(-2). yr(-1)). Of, the two sites exhibiting net accretion, the greatest rate of gain (0.81 kg.m(-2). yr(-1)) was recorded at the eastern site in Takapoto lagoon. Recorded differences in the composition and distribution of macroborers, microborers and the algal turf appeared to be related to the presence or absence of grazing sea urchins (Echino-metra mathaei). It is suggested that the high densities of algal turf recorded at Faaa are a result of elevated nutrients at this site, originating in the sewage discharge from nearby residential and industrial sites.
sometimes less is more: multi-perspective exploration of disclosure abstractions in location-aware social mobile applications

In the past few years, there has been increasing interest in deploying social location-sharing applications (LSAs) that enable users to continuously sense, collect, and share their location information with others. Yet, despite all the attention LSAs are receiving, studies have found that only a small percentage of mobile consumers actively use these services. One often-cited adoption barrier is that many LSAs do not adequately address end-user privacy concerns for sharing location data. One way to address these privacy concerns is to incorporate support for disclosure abstractions in LSAs. These abstractions provide a middle-ground compromise that provides some degree of privacy protection for end-users, as well as some degree of social value to the users who are consuming the location information. In this dissertation, we look at two specific kinds of abstractions: geographic abstractions (which provide spatial blurring of one's location) and semantic abstractions (which provide obfuscation by referring to the type of location a place is, rather than by its geographical coordinates). We present results from several studies that examine these abstractions at four different stages: how users reason about location sharing, how users configure their privacy preferences, how users interpret visual representations of their location, and what kinds of outcomes can be expected from users that share abstractions. Based on these studies, we provide empirical evidence that relatively simple privacy mechanisms like disclosure abstractions can simplify rule-based privacy configurations and increase the likelihood of location sharing, though there is still a significant chance that abstractions can be reverse-engineered. Based on qualitative user feedback, we also present several privacy implications for visualizing location information as well. By studying these issues with different types of location sharing applications as well as different user study methodologies, we provide a multi-perspective exploration of end-user privacy concerns regarding general location sharing behaviors for context-aware social mobile applications.
The seasonal cycle of water vapor and saturation vapor mixing ratio in the extratropical lowermost stratosphere

Both in situ measurements and satellite remote sensing data show that water vapor in the extratropical lowermost stratosphere has a pronounced seasonal cycle, with a maximum in summer. In this paper we show that the seasonal cycles derived from satellite measurements by the Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experiment (SAGE) II and the Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) and ER-2 aircraft measurements are in reasonable agreement when compared using potential vorticity (PV) and potential temperature (θ) binned monthly averages. The annual means and amplitudes of the water vapor seasonal cycle are derived from the SAGE II data for 320–360 K and 2–7 PV units (covering latitudes near and poleward of the tropopause). The high moisture content and the summer maxima indicate that the effect of transport from the troposphere across the extratropical tropopause can be seen in nearly the entire range examined and is more significant in the lower PV-θ bins. We further investigate mechanisms that control the amount and seasonal cycle of water vapor in the lowermost stratosphere. One important issue is whether local temperature near the extratropical tropopause limits isentropic transport of water vapor into the lowermost stratosphere, similar to the freeze-out of water vapor crossing the tropical tropopause. A quantitative comparison of saturation vapor mixing ratios (derived from National Centers for Environmental Prediction temperature analyses) with the water vapor measurements shows that the amount of water vapor near the extratropical tropopause is substantially lower than that given by saturation over ice. This demonstrates that local temperature effects do not set the upper limit of water vapor in this region. Analyses using ER-2 measurements confirm that although saturation and supersaturation do occur, on average, air near the extratropical tropopause is under saturated. The seasonal cycle of the fraction of the overworld air in the lowermost stratosphere is inferred using the water vapor and saturation vapor mixing ratio climatology.
Interannual and Decadal Changes in Equatorial Wind Stress in the Atlantic, Indian, and Pacific Oceans and the Eastern Ocean Coastal Response

Abstract Recently, Clarke and Lebedev showed that τ, the low-frequency eastward equatorial wind stress zonally averaged along the equator, can, in the case of the Pacific Ocean winds, be linearly estimated by Δp, the surface atmospheric pressure difference between the eastern and western ocean boundaries. The authors find that detrended interannual τ calculated from monthly winds is similarly linearly correlated with detrended Δp in the equatorial Atlantic and Indian Oceans since 1964 when enough wind data are available. The regression coefficient between τ and Δp enables the authors to estimate the turbulent stress atmospheric boundary layer height as being about 240 m for the equatorial Atlantic Ocean and 320 m for the equatorial Indian Ocean. Using a central Pacific pressure observation at 168°W, the authors similarly estimate the western and eastern Pacific turbulent stress atmospheric boundary layer heights as about 665 and 630 m, respectively. Unlike the wind data, the pressure data do not contain s.
Palynologic Assemblages within the depositional Sequences from the Middle to late Triassic Series of the Spanish and French Pyrenees

The identification of seven palynology assemblages (P 1 to P 7 ) within the middle to late Triassic series (Anisian-Rhaetian interval) from the french and Spanish Pyrenees supports the correlations between the six successive Depositional Sequences (DS 237 to DS 211 ) forming this interval and the 3 rd order eustatic cycles of Haq et al. (1987). In this paper are described and illustrated: 1) an Anisian assemblages P 1 lower Muschelkalk, with Verrucosisporites applanatus and Calamospora tener, pointing to the base of the Transgressive Systems Tract of the DS 237 ; 2) a first Ladinian assemblages (middle Muschelkalk) P 2 , with Triadispora (T. Plicata, T. Aurea) and Vitreisporites pallidus, which characterizes the High Stand Systems Tract of the DS 237 , 3) a second Ladinian assemblages P 3 (upper Muschelkalk), with T. Plicata, Alisporites grauvogelli and Pityosporites neomundanus, indicating the base of the Transgressive Systems Tract of the DS 232 ; 4) a Carnian assemblage P 4 (lower Keuper), with Brodispora striata, Ovalipollis pseudoalatus and O. Ovalis which marks the High Stand Systems Tract of the DS 228 ; 5) a Norian assemblage P 5 (upper Keuper), with Circulina meyeriana, C. Granulatus and Praecirculina granifer, known in the High Stand Systems Tract of the DS 224 ; 6) and 7) two Rhaetian assemblages, P 6 and P 7 , belonging to distinct stratigraphic levels (base of the Transgressive Systems Tract and High Stand Systems Tract of the DS 215 ) but containing similar palynomorphs such as Rhaetipollis germanicus, Classopollis torsus, Cerebropollenites pseudomassulae and Granuloperculatipollis rudis. Four of these seven assemblages, (P 2 , P 3 , P 4 and P 5 ), are new for the Pyrenees. Particularly the P 4 and P 5 assemblages suggest new dating a for the Keuper pelitic facies where foraminfera are absent.
Hydraulics and Hydrology in the Small Computer Age

The theme of the 1985 ASCE Hydraulics Division Specialty Conference is °Hydraulics and Hydrology in the Small Computer Age. ° The goal of this conference is to demonstrate innovative hydraulic applications of the newest generation of the computer technology, the small computer. This latest development in the computere evolution enables all segments of the engineering community to have access to computers. Approximately 250 papers are included in this Proceedings. These papers are arranged into 54 technical sessions on a variety of topics including computerized data acquisition systems in the lab and field, real time monitoring and forecasting, microcomputer software applications in hydraulics and hydrology, microcomputers in civil engineering education, coastal and wetland processes, ground water hydrology, surface water hydraulics and hydrology, and hydropower development.
Additional Large Mammalian Fauna from the Namurungule Formation, Samburu Hills, Northern Kenya

Some 1150 late Miocene vertebrate fossils were collected by the Japan-Kenya Expedition from the Namurungule Formation in the Samburu Hills, Northern Kenya. The Namurungule mammalian local fauna has simillarities to late Miocene Eurasian faunas from Samos and Pikermi (Greece), Maragheh (Iran), and the Nagri and Dhok Pathan Formations of the Siwalik Hills (India). This similarity indicates mammalian interchanges between Eurasia and Africa during the late Miocene. The svanna fauna of the Namurungule Formation differs completely from the earilier Aka Aiteputh Formation fauna, which indicates a woodland environment (Pickford et al. 1984). This great change in the mammalian fauna of the East African late Miocene coincided with the beginning of the opening of the Gregory Rift. INTRODUCTION During 1982 and 1984, the Japan-Kenya Expedition team surveyed the Samburu Hills. Vertebrate fossils were collected from 64 sites, with sites 50 to 64 being added to the 1982 list (Figure 1). All the new sites belong the lower member of the Namurungule Formation. * The new material included some specimens of Rhinocerotidate, a skull of Tetralophodon, a mandible of Deinotheriidae, a skull of Hipparion and a mandible of Kenyapotamus. No * The lower member of the Namurungule Formation overlies the Aka Aiteputh Formation, and is overlain by the thick upper mud flow deposit, while the upper member of the Namurungule Formation overlies this mud flow (see Fig. 9 in Makinouchi et ale 1984, Fig. lOin Pickford et ale 1984, Fig. 2 in Matsuda et ale 1984 and Fig. 6 in Sawada et ale 1987). The lower member of the Namurungule Formation ferers to a horizon named the "lower alternation" and the upper member refers to the "upper alternation" used of Nakaya et ale (1984).
A Modified Neural Network for Improving River Flow Prediction

Les modeles a base de reseau de neurones artificiels (RNA) ouvrent d'importantes perspectives pour simuler le fonctionnement non lineaire de systemes hydrologiques. Cependant, le potentiel des RNAs reste sous-exploite en raison de problemes pour en ameliorer les performances de generalisation. La generalisation correspond a l'aptitude d'un reseau de neurones a prendre correctement en compte des donnees d'entree qui n'ont pas ete utilisees lors de sa phase d'apprentissage. Dans le domaine de l'hydrologie, de meilleures performances de generalisation impliquent une meilleure precision des previsions. Les objectifs principaux de cette etude sont d'explorer de nouvelles approches pour ameliorer les performances de generalisation d'un modele pluie-debit a base de RNA, et d'evaluer l'applicabilite de ces nouvelles approches. Un modele a base de reseau de neurones modifie (appele reseau de neurones a programmation d'objectif (PO)) destine a modeliser la transformation pluie-debit a ete developpe, au sein duquel trois ameliorations sont apportees par rapport a la retropropagation (RP) frequemment utilisee. Les trois ameliorations sont (a) l'integration explicite de connaissances hydrologiques prealables lors de l'apprentissage du reseau de neurones; (b) l'incorporation d'une fonction objectif d'apprentissage modifiee; et (c) la diminution de la sensibilite du reseau aux erreurs sur les entrees. Sept bassins versants chinois, couvrant une gamme de conditions climatiques et relevant de plusieurs zones hydrographiques, ont ete selectionnes pour tester les differents reseaux. Les resultats montrent que le PO surpasse largement le RP, a la fois dans les phases d'apprentissage et de verification, et en outre que les trois approches proposees contribuent a ameliorer les performances.
Potential of salivary gland stem cells in regenerative medicine

CRISPR-Cpf1 genome editing system (Zetsche et al., 2015) for the ablation of Wnt-pathway. Ultimately, this study provides proof of principle that SGSCs cultured under Wnt-inducing conditions can be used for stem-cell therapy to irradiation-damaged epithelium and possibly other cases of salivary gland dysfunction. Remarkably, the transplanted cells adhere and engraft into damaged tissue and contribute to the normal homeostasis of the salivary gland. We report an unprecedented improvement of saliva flow recovery over previously reported methods (Lombaert et al., 2008b; Nanduri et al., 2014; Nanduri et al., 2011; Xiao et al., 2014), which could have been achieved by transplantation of heterogeneous pool of cells containing stem, progenitor and differentiated cells present in these cultures. Although translation to the human situation is needed, the current study implies that in vitro expansion and transplantation of long-term cultured SGSCs may be a promising option for patients with severe salivary gland hypofunction.
A Local Marine Reservoir Correction Value (∆R) for Watom Island, Papua New Guinea

Marine shell has several advantages for radiocarbon ( 14 C) dating in the Pacific. It is ubiquitous in archaeological sites, is easy to identify to the species level, and can often be related directly to human activity. Consequently, shells are one of the most commonly dated 14 C sample types within this region. A suitable local marine correction (R) needs to be applied to shell determinations, however, in order to correct for surface ocean 14 C variability and obtain calendar ages. This can be achieved using carefully selected charcoal and shell samples recovered from archaeological sites. In this paper, new and extant charcoal and shell 14 C determinations from the Kainapirina (SAC) locality on Watom Island in Papua New Guinea have been used to calculate a R of 261 ± 101 14 C years. Because of complexities with the stratigraphy of SAC, we have followed a methodology outlined in Nicholls and Jones (2001) and Jones et al. (in press) that allows some uncertainty in the dated events to be incorporated in the calculation. This R value is in accord with our expectations for the Papua New Guinea region.
Barriers to Voluntary Improvement of Residential Fertiliser Practices in the Peel-Harvey Catchment

Abstract The adoption of best practices in residential lawn and garden fertiliser use has been identified as a cost effective means to reduce urban nutrient inputs to waterways. This article examines the barriers to such voluntary change in urban sub-catchments of the Peel-Harvey Estuary system in Western Australia. The implications for the design and successful implementation of a voluntary community-based behavioural change program targeting residential fertiliser practices are discussed.
May the Shields theory be extended to cohesive and adhesive benthic sediments

[1] A threshold criterion for incipient motion of cohesive-adhesive sediments, based on moment balance and dimensional considerations, is here developed. The criterion discriminates between single particles and flocs critical conditions and induces a modification to the traditional Shields curve, commonly adopted for noncohesive particles. This modification is particularly effective for the smaller size particles but tending to vanish for the larger ones. The proposed approach is validated on the basis of experiments performed on sediment cores, sampled at different depths, from seven lakes with different trophic conditions and organic matter content. The incipient motion conditions are evaluated by means of an original procedure based on image analysis techniques, which enables the entrainment between single particles and flocs to be distinguished. The adhesion force, which is mainly due to the biological activity at the sediment water interface, is estimated following the proposed criterion and it is found to depend on the organic matter content. In particular the cores sampled in the littoral photic zone are characterized by a bell shaped dependence between adhesion coefficient and organic matter content, which is typical for indicators of biological activity of the littoral ecosystems.
Controls on and effects of armoring and vertical sorting in aeolian dune fields: A numerical simulation study

Unlike ripples, there are only few numerical studies on grain size segregation at the scale of dunes in aeolian environments. Here we use a cellular automaton model to analyze vertical sorting in granular mixtures under steady unidirectional flow conditions. We investigate the feedbacks between dune growth and the segregation mechanisms by varying the size of coarse grains and their proportion within the bed. We systematically observe the development of a horizontal layer of coarse grains at the top of which sorted bed forms may grow by amalgamation. The formation of such an armor layer controls the overall sediment transport and availability. The emergence of dunes and the transition from barchan to transverse dune fields depend only on the grain size distribution of the initial sediment layer. As confirmed by observation, this result indicates that armor layers should be present in most arid deserts, where they are likely to control dune morphodynamics.
On the existence and computation of $LU$-factorizations with small pivots

Let A be an n by n matrix which may be singular with a one-dimensional null space, and consider the LU-factorization of A. When A is exactly singular, we show conditions under which a pivoting strategy will produce a zero n th pivot. When A is not singular, we show conditions under which a pivoting strategy will produce an nth pivot that is O(G,,) or O(K(A)), where ,, is the smallest singular value of A and K(A) is the condition number of A. These conditions are expressed in terms of the elements of A in general but reduce to conditions on the elements of the singular vectors corresponding to ,, when A is nearly or exactly singular. They can be used to build a 2-pass factorization algorithm which is guaranteed to produce a small n th pivot for nearly singular matrices. As an example, we exhibit an LU-factorization of the n by n upper triangular matrix
Psychosocial adjustment and health in older people: cluster analysis

Background: Healthy aging has both a physical and a psychosocial dimension, which justifies the need to better understand older people’s psychosocial adjustment. Objectives: To study the psychosocial adjustment process in older people and explore its association with sociodemographic and clinical variables. Methodology: A quantitative, cross-sectional, and exploratory study was conducted with 922 community-dwelling older people aged 64 to 99 years. The following sociodemographic and clinical variables were analyzed: perceived health; positive and negative affect; perceived social support; and medication adherence. Results: Three psychosocial adjustment profiles were identified. The profile with the lowest scores in all indicators, called the worst adjustment, was composed of intermediate-age older people (M = 74.7; SD = 7.08), who also reported more symptoms and diseases. Conclusion: This study suggests the existence of a group of particularly vulnerable older people and highlights the need to develop nursing interventions focused on adaptive resources that can improve their health and psychosocial adjustment.