Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Comparison between Intracranial and Extracranial Arteries Using Neuroimaging in Acute Ischemic Stroke and Its Relation to Risk Factors

Background: Atherosclerotic infarction accounts for a sizable proportion of cerebral infarcts whether occurs from extracranial or intracranial atherosclerotic disease. Despite recent studies on stroke risk factors; it is still unclear whether or not single risk factor specifically affect extracranial or intracranial arteries in stroke patients. Aim of the work: To determine the difference between intracranial and extracranial steno-occlusive atherosclerosis and its correlation with risk factors of acute ischemic stroke using Magnetic Resonance Angiogram (MRA) and/or Computed Tomography Angiography (CTA) with Duplex. Patients and methods: All cases diagnosed as acute ischemic stroke were subjected to detailed history, full neurological examination, routine laboratory tests, extracranial vessels assessed by duplex, intracranial vessels assessed by MRA and/or CTA. Results: 61 patients included in the study (38 males and 23 females), with mean age (64.5 ± 11.4). Extracranial stenosis was (57 patients, 93.4%), while intracranial stenosis was (49 patients, 80.3%). But the intracranial significant stenosis was (45 patients, 73.77%), while the extracranial significant stenosis (26 patients, 42.62%). Hypertension (72.1%), obesity (62.3%), diabetes (57.4%), dyslipidemia (54.1%) and smoking (39.3%), were risk factors equally affecting the extracranial and the intracranial systems in the same descending order. There was a higher prevalence of hypertension among patients with intracranial significant stenosis showing a significant P-value of 0.048. Conclusion: Extracranial stenosis was more common than the intracranial stenosis, but the intracranial significant stenosis is more prevalent than the extracranial. Hypertension is a significant risk factor for intracranial significant stenosis.
Upper Paleocene-lower Eocene calcareous nannofossil stratigraphy at the Misheiti Section, Central Sinai, Egypt

Calcareous nannofossil, δ13C, δ18O, and carbonate content data were used to define and reveal the variations across the latest Paleocene-earliest Eocene interval at the Misheiti Section, Central Sinai, Egypt. The upper part of Tarawan Formation, the Esna Formation, and the lowermost Thebes Formation were included in this study. In this study, the Esna Formation is informally divided into Hanadi/Mahmiya and Abu Had members. Four calcareous nannofossil zones (NP9, NP10, NP11, and NP12) and four subzones (NP9a, NP9b, NP10a, and NP10b) were recognized. The biostratigraphic importance of significant calcareous nannofossil bioevents associated with the P/E boundary was discussed. The LOs of Rhomboaster spp. , Discoaster araneus, and/or D. anartios were used to delineate the base of earliest Eocene Subzone NP9b within the lower part of the Esna Formation. The global decreases of δ13C, δ18O, and carbonate contents at the P/E boundary were documented in the study section.
The Decomposition of the Impact of International Monetary Spillovers to Emerging Market Economies

Using monthly data between January 2002 and September 2017, we decompose US monetary spillovers to interest rates and foreign exchanges of four EMEs: Brazil, Chile, Colombia, and Mexico. Our estimates point to larger US monetary policy spillovers after the Global Financial Crisis (GFC) in Brazil and Colombia, while Chile presents a higher degree of monetary autonomy. In Mexico, we identify large and stable monetary spillovers in the sample period. The impact on the currency market is smaller, in general, expect in Brazil, whose currency presents a higher sensitivity to variations in US interest rates. Our findings suggest central banks adjust the response of domestic monetary policy to counterbalance spillover effects on the currency market but this is not an effective strategy.
Augmenting Conversations with Digital Representation of Self

Technologies that augment face-to-face interactions with a digital sense of self have been used to support conversations. That work has employed one homogenous technology, either 'off-the-shelf' or with a bespoke prototype, across all participants. Beyond speculative instances, it is unclear what technology individuals themselves would choose, if any, to augment their social interactions; what influence it may exert; or how use of heterogeneous devices may affect the value of this augmentation. This is important, as the devices that we use directly affect our behaviour, influencing affordances and how we engage in social interactions. Through a study of 28 participants, we compared head-mounted display, smartphones, and smartwatches to support digital augmentation of self during face-to-face interactions within a group. We identified a preference among participants for head-mounted displays to support privacy, while smartwatches and smartphones better supported conversational events (such as grounding and repair), along with group use through screen-sharing. Accordingly, we present software and hardware design recommendations and user interface guidelines for integrating a digital form of self into face-to-face conversations.
Overview of ST40 results and planned upgrades

In 2018 Tokamak Energy Ltd. completed the first campaign of operations in the low aspect ratio ST40 tokamak, and recently have begun the next campaign of operations. In this paper we present results from Merging/Compression start-up and first confinement results from ST40, along with planned upgrades taking ST40 to it’s design parameters of R/a = 0.4/0.22 = 1.8, 2MA plasma current, 3T toroidal field and up to 4MW auxiliary heating.
SMOOTHLY VARYING WEIGHT HYPOTHESIS

Due to a resource-constrained environment, network compression has become an important part of deep neural networks research. In this paper, we propose a new compression method, Inter-Layer Weight Prediction (ILWP) and quantization method which quantize the predicted residuals between the weights in all convolution layers based on an inter-frame prediction method in conventional video coding schemes. Furthermore, we found a phenomenon Smoothly Varying Weight Hypothesis (SVWH) which is that the weights in adjacent convolution layers share strong similarity in shapes and values, i.e., the weights tend to vary smoothly along with the layers. Based on SVWH, we propose a second ILWP and quantization method which quantize the predicted residuals between the weights in adjacent convolution layers. Since the predicted weight residuals tend to follow Laplace distributions with very low variance, the weight quantization can more effectively be applied, thus producing more zero weights and enhancing the weight compression ratio. In addition, we propose a new inter-layer loss for eliminating non-texture bits, which enabled us to more effectively store only texture bits. That is, the proposed loss regularizes the weights such that the collocated weights between the adjacent two layers have the same values. Finally, we propose an ILWP with an inter-layer loss and quantization method. Our comprehensive experiments show that the proposed method achieves a much higher weight compression rate at the same accuracy level compared with the previous quantization-based compression methods in deep neural networks.
From Lillehammer to ‘Lilyhammer’ Planned and unplanned legacies of the 1994 Olympic Winter Games

The aim of this study is to explore the concept of legacy in major sporting events. More precisely, it examines the distinction between planned and unplanned long-term outcomes of the 1994 Olympic Winter Games (OWG) in Lillehammer, Norway. The research, which entailed qualitative documentary analysis (e.g. bidding documents, government guarantees, white papers and minutes of meetings in the Parliament), shows a lack of coherence between the planned outcomes and the factual legacies. For example, in the bidding documents nothing was stated about environmental issues, which ended up as a very visible legacy of the Games. For many hosts of mega/major events, sport facilities end up with a negative legacy because of poor or insufficient planning. The overall impression of Lillehammer is rather positive due to its systematic location of the sport arenas in five municipalities, centralising the facilities in and around the host city, and establishing government funding to maintain the different arenas. More than 25 years after the Games, the ‘after use fund’ has been depleted, which is challenging for Lillehammer because several of the municipalities in the Olympic region are also responsible for the funding. It remains to be seen if the positive legacy will remain positive in the years to come.
pH effect on hydrothermal synthesis of the coordination polymers containing pyrazine-2,3-dicarboxylate: Investigation of thermal stability, luminescence and electrical conductivity properties

Hydrothermal reactions of lanthanide(III) salt with 2,3-pyrazinedicarboxylic (2,3-pzdc) acid yielded the coordination polymers [La 2 (2,3-pzdc) 3 (H 2 O)] n . 3nH 2 O (1) and [La 2 (2,3-pzdc) 3 (H 2 O)] n . 2nH 2 O (2) . Compounds were obtained in a three dimensional form with different pH values under subcritical water conditions. The structures had variable coordination numbers . In addition, pH values play an important role in the structural chemistry of these materials. Different characterization techniques (Elemental analysis, FT-IR, ICP-OES, TG/DTA, FESEM, PXRD, BET and single crystal X-ray) were carried out to confirm crystallinity, porosity, purity and chemical composition of the coordination polymers. Crystal structures of the polymers were examined in detail. Their thermal stability, luminescence and electrical conductivity properties were investigated in the solid state.
Catalysis of an Aldol Condensation Using a Coordination Cage

The aldol condensation of indane-1,3-dione (ID) to give ‘bindone’ in water is catalysed by an M8L12 cubic coordination cage (Hw). The absolute rate of reaction is slow under weakly acidic conditions (pH 3–4), but in the absence of a catalyst it is undetectable. In water, the binding constant of ID in the cavity of Hw is ca. 2.4 (±1.2) × 103 M−1, giving a ∆G for the binding of −19.3 (±1.2) kJ mol−1. The crystal structure of the complex revealed the presence of two molecules of the guest ID stacked inside the cavity, giving a packing coefficient of 74% as well as another molecule hydrogen-bonded to the cage’s exterior surface. We suggest that the catalysis occurs due to the stabilisation of the enolate anion of ID by the 16+ surface of the cage, which also attracts molecules of neutral ID to the surface because of its hydrophobicity. The cage, therefore, brings together neutral ID and its enolate anion via two different interactions to catalyse the reaction, which—as the control experiments show—occurs at the exterior surface of the cage and not inside the cage cavity.
DDDT_A_207743 265..274

Hsin-I Tuan Sheng-Chu Chi 3,4 Yi-No Kang 5,6 1Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; 2School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; 3Department of Ophthalmology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; 4Department of Education, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan; 5Center for Evidence-Based Medicine, Department of Education, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; 6Cochrane Taiwan, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
Journal of the Eastern Asia Society for Transportation Studies, Vol.13, 2019

The present study aims to identify the priority attributes influencing the choice of Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle in urban India. 1000 responses were collected from car owners in two megacities, namely Delhi and Kolkata using Computer Assisted Personal Interview (CAPI). The data were analyzed using RIDIT analysis, a Multiple Attribute Decision Making (MADM) approach to identify the priority attributes influencing consumers’ choice of PHEV. Results indicate that in addition to the attributes specific to PHEV technology such as battery warranty, electric range and charging infrastructure, attributes for general vehicle use such as safety, security, seating comfort, and air conditioning were also considered equally important by car owners in two cities. Although the results are case specific, it is expected to be of interest to PHEV manufacturers and the larger community of researchers and policymakers, working on electric mobility as an instrument to reduce vehicular emission in urban areas.
The Effect of Cover-Copy-Compare Interventions to Enhance Fluency in Basic Multiplication Facts of a Student with Low Performance in Math

DOI: 10.14812/cufej.463588 The aim of this study is to determine the effect of Cover-Copy-Compare (CCC) interventions to increase the level of fluency in basic multiplication facts of a student having low performance in math, whether the student can maintain the level of fluency that she attained after a period of time and the social significance of the obtained data. A multiple-probes-across tasks (sets) design was employed in this study. The participant is a 9-year-old female student who is attending the second grade in general education (in the last two months of the second semester). Besides, she receives four hours of individual special education per week in a research center providing special education services for students with developmental disabilities at a state university. The findings of the study indicate that the education done with the CCC technique is effective in increasing the level of fluency of the student in basic multiplication operations in all sets, and she maintains the fluency performance after a certain period of time. The subjective evaluation findings of the study on social validity suggest that the student and the implementer who participated in the study had positive opinions about the effects and the obtained results of the CCC technique on the student. In addition, the social comparison findings of the study regarding social validity show that the student's level of fluency in multiplication facts reached the level of her peers. These findings were discussed together with the findings of other studies. Article history: Received Revised Accepted 25.10. 2018 02.04. 2019 15.10. 2019
Bug Bounty Programs, Security Investment and Law Enforcement: A Security Game Perspective

Bug bounty programs are gaining popularity, but practitioners have not agreed on their effectiveness. We use a stylized model to analyze the economic trade-offs in bug bounty programs. Our analysis provides six main insights: 1) Unless a firm needs to pay an excessive bounty reward to entice a strategic hacker to participate, it is always beneficial for the firm to launch a bug bounty program. (2) The firm enjoys two benefits from a bug bounty program: attack diversion and protection delegation. (3) The firm optimally retains in-house protection; the level of in-house protection and the bounty prize depend on the balance of two incentives: bounty-payment squeezing and protection free-riding. (4) Law enforcement affects private protection only when the level of enforcement is relatively small. In this case, strengthening law enforcement increases the company’s payoff but could variously increase or decrease the strategic hacker’s payoff. Excessive enforcement may make a system less secure. (5) When the exogenous threat is significant, the company prefers a more capable participant. But when the exogenous threat is small, the company prefers a complementary participant. (6) Bug bounty programs need not provide better security protection.
In Full-Information Estimates, Long-Run Risks Explain at Most a Quarter of P/D Variance, and Habit Explains even Less

We develop a model in which asset prices depend on long run growth, long run volatility, habit, and a persistent residual. We estimate the model using Bayesian methods which account for the entire likelihood of the data on consumption growth, dividend growth, and the price-dividend ratio. The residual is dominant, accounting for 60% of the variance of the price-dividend ratio. Moreover, the filtered residual tracks most of the recognizable features of the U.S. stock market, such as the late 1990's boom and bust. Long run volatility also plays a significant role, accounting for 30% of the variance, but it contributes primarily in rare crises. Long run growth and habit contribute 15% and 1%. These results show that while long run risks play a non negligible role, something else is driving the bulk of stock market fluctuations. Estimations under alternative priors show that the low correlations between asset prices and conditional moments of consumption growth underlie the large role for the residual.
Iron Deficiency and Iron Deficiency Anemia: Implications and Impact in Pregnancy, Fetal Development, and Early Childhood Parameters

A normal pregnancy consumes 500–800 mg of iron from the mother. Premenopausal women have a high incidence of marginal iron stores or iron deficiency (ID), with or without anemia, particularly in the less developed world. Although pregnancy is associated with a “physiologic” anemia largely related to maternal volume expansion; it is paradoxically associated with an increase in erythrocyte production and erythrocyte mass/kg. ID is a limiting factor for this erythrocyte mass expansion and can contribute to adverse pregnancy outcomes. This review summarizes erythrocyte and iron balance observed in pregnancy; its implications and impact on mother and child; and provides an overview of approaches to the recognition of ID in pregnancy and its management, including clinically relevant questions for further investigation.
Chronic Central Serous Chorioretinopathy: Photodynamic Therapy

Purpose: To evaluate the clinical results of photodynamic therapy (PDT) using verteporfin in patients with chronic central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC). Methods: A retrospective study in a clinical practice setting of eight eyes (eight patients) with chronic CSC. The point of dye leakage on the fluorescein angiogram (FA) was too close to the fovea to treat these patients with focal laser treatment. Additionally, choroidal vascular hyperpermeability was observed with indocyanine green angiogram (ICGA). Patients were treated with verteporfin PDT and evaluated for visual acuity, complications, change in centralmacular thickness with the optical coherence tomogram (OCT), and recurrence. Results: Pre-PDT visual acuity improved from 0.46 (0.04~0.7) to 0.82 (0.15~1.2) with an average of 15.2 months follow-up post-treatment (p=0.011). The mean central macular thickness also reduced from 283 µm to 135.5 µm. Central macular exudation resolved completely in all eyes. There was no recurrence after PDT. Conclusions: PDT with verteporfin appeared to be a beneficial treatment option for patients with chronic CSC.
A Machine Learning Assisted Development of a Model for the Populations of Convective and Stratiform Clouds

Traditional parameterizations of the interaction between convection and the environment have relied on an assumption that the slowly varying large‐scale environment is in statistical equilibrium with a large number of small and short‐lived convective clouds. They fail to capture nonequilibrium transitions such as the diurnal cycle and the formation of mesoscale convective systems as well as observed precipitation statistics and extremes. Informed by analysis of radar observations, cloud‐permitting model simulation, theory, and machine learning, this work presents a new stochastic cloud population dynamics model for characterizing the interactions between convective and stratiform clouds, with the goal of informing the representation of these interactions in global climate models. Fifteen wet seasons of precipitating cloud observations by a C‐band radar at Darwin, Australia are fed into a machine learning algorithm to obtain transition functions that close a set of coupled equations relating large‐scale forcing, mass flux, the convective cell size distribution, and the stratiform area. Under realistic large‐scale forcing, the derived transition functions show that, on the one hand, interactions with stratiform clouds act to dampen the variability in the size and number of convective cells and therefore in the convective mass flux. On the other, for a given convective area fraction, a larger number of smaller cells is more favorable for the growth of stratiform area than a smaller number of larger cells. The combination of these two factors gives rise to solutions with a few convective cells embedded in a large stratiform area, reminiscent of mesoscale convective systems.
MINORITY AND MAJORITY GROUPS NARROWED IN VIET NAM? EVIDENCE FROM HOUSEHOLD SURVEYS

Using household data for rural northern Viet Nam between 1993 and 2014, we find that the ethnic minority group continued to lag behind the majority group in various development indicators despite the overall improvement in living standards. Our regression and decomposition analyses show that the structural differences between the two groups are an important cause of the persistent development gap. However, the nature of structural differences changed over time and no single source of structural difference explains the persistent gap. We argue that more minority-appropriate policies are needed to lift poor minority households out of poverty further and reduce the development gap. JEL Classification: I32, O10 ADBI Working Paper 661 T. Fujii
Unsteady separated and reattaching turbulent flow over a two-dimensional square rib

F Unsteady separated and reattaching turbulent flow over a twodimensional square rib Y.Z. Liu , F. Ke, H.J. Sung School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800, Dongchuan Road, Minhang District, Shanghai 200240, China Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 373-1, Guseong-dong Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305 701, South Korea Received 19 September 2006; accepted 22 August 2007 O