Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Vegetation of Mount Piper, Central Victoria: A Study of A Continuum

Mount Piper rises like a solitary volcanic cone 230 m above an undulating plain between the Tallarook and Mt William ranges, 5 km south-west of Broadford in Central Victoria, Australia (Latitude 37? 12'S, Longitude 145? O'E). Its summit reaches 456 m above sea level and, except for a shoulder on the east-south-east aspect at 400 m, its profile resembles a 'normal curve' with maximum slopes of 30-33? (Plate 1 (a)). The form of the mountain is due to the protection from erosion offered by an indurated mass of quartz which trends NNW/SSE (Nicholas 1875). Such a cap of quartz is thought to have been mobilized from a thick sandstone bed during the synclinal folding of the Lower Devonian siltstone sequence (M. Garrett, personal communication). Exploratory shafts, sunk in search of gold in the 1930s, proved that the quartz cap was localized and did not originate at depth. Mount Piper was chosen for a detailed study because it provided a teaching demonstration of the subtle gradations of species in response to aspect and altitude. The senior ecology classes of the Botany School, University of Melbourne, contributed much of the primary data obtained in 1962-66.
Assessing the performance of macroinvertebrate metrics in the Challhuaco-Ñireco System (Northern Patagonia, Argentina)

Seven sites were examined in the Challhuaco-Nireco system, located in the reserve of the Nahuel Huapi National Park, however part of the catchment is urbanized, being San Carlos de Bariloche (150,000 inhabitants) placed in the lower part of the basin. Physico-chemical variables were measured and benthic macroinvertebrates were collected during three consecutive years at seven sites from the headwater to the river outlet. Sites near the source of the river were characterised by Plecoptera, Ephemeroptera, Trichoptera and Diptera, whereas sites close to the river mouth were dominated by Diptera, Oligochaeta and Mollusca. Regarding functional feeding groups, collector-gatherers were dominant at all sites and this pattern was consistent among years. Ordination Analysis (RDA) revealed that species assemblages distribution responded to the climatic and topographic gradient (temperature and elevation), but also were associated with variables related to human impact (conductivity, nitrate and phosphate contents). Species assemblages at headwaters were mostly represented by sensitive insects, whereas tolerant taxa such as Tubificidae, Lumbriculidae, Chironomidae and crustacean Aegla sp. were dominant at urbanised sites. Regarding macroinvertebrate metrics employed, total richness, EPT taxa, Shannon diversity index and Biotic Monitoring Patagonian Stream index resulted fairly consistent and evidenced different levels of disturbances at the stream, meaning that this measures are suitable for evaluation of the status of Patagonian mountain streams.
Present Status of Biodiversity in Bogajan Beel in Northern Bangladesh

Present status of aquatic biodiversity and the prospect for raising fish fingerlings in the Bogajan beel in northern Bangladesh has been presented. A total number of 93 aquatic species (83 wild fish, four prawn, one crab, one snail and four fresh water turtle) were identified in the beel during 2006 - 2009. About ten types of fishing methods were identified to be used by the fishers’ of the surveyed beel. Increasing pressure of illegal current jal (gill net), Kapuri jal (sein net) and FAD (Fish aggregating device) were detected as detrimental gear and killing method almost all type of species. Over a period of 3 years, total production of fish and allied species in the Bogajan beel was found to decrease from 89.34 ± 8.44 to 60.04 ± 4.44 mt indicating 32.80% decline. Due to increasing fishing pressure and global affect, commercial important 08 species were Extinct, 18 species were Critically endangered, 35 species were Endangered, 23 species were Vulnerable status, 05 species were in Lower risk and 04 species were Not threatened position from biodiversity view point. But in 2009, strict enforcement of fish Act-1950 in the beel resulted in reduce rate of use of current jal, Kapuri jal (sein net) and FAD (Fish aggregating device). Initiation of new technology for production of carp fingerlings in the Bogajan beel through community based co-management policy and enforcement of Fish Regulation Act-1950, helped to augment productivity of the recorded beel from 60.04 ± 4.44 mt to 89.62 ± 5.01 mt exhibiting 48.57% biomass enhancement. Two species bata (Labeo bata) and along (Rasbora elanga) were found to have reappeared in the beel and surrounding floodplains.Beel = Seasonally flooded large water bodies on dry-season cropland.Khal = A narrow channel connected between beel and river.
Expression and function of galectin‐3, a β‐galactoside‐binding protein in activated T lymphocytes

A soluble beta‐galactoside‐binding lectin, galectin‐3 has been shown tobe involved in cell adhesion and activation of immune cells. Althoughgalectin‐3 is known to be expressed in various types of cells, it hasnot been shown whether galectin‐3 is expressed in T lymphocytes. Wepresent evidence here that galectin‐3 is expressed in activated murineT lymphocytes including CD4+ and CD8+ T cellsbut not in resting T cells. Galectin‐3 expression was induced byanti‐CD3 mAb or mitogen and enhanced by common γ‐chain signalingcytokines, IL‐2, IL‐4, and IL‐7, in activated T lymphocytes, whereasthe inflammatory cytokines including TNF‐α and IFN‐γ did not.Galectin‐3 expression and proliferation were down‐regulated bywithdrawal of IL‐2 and gamma irradiation. Anti‐sense but not sensephosphorothioated oligonucleotides for galectin‐3 inhibited galectin‐3expression and blocked proliferation of T cells significantly. Thisstudy suggests that up‐regulation of galectin‐3 plays an important rolein proliferation of activated T lymphocytes.
Empirical and biophysical modeling studies of dispersal barriers for marine plankton

Because there are few obvious dispersal barriers in the open ocean, pelagic organisms are typically expected to experience gene flow over long distances. However, very little empirical work has been done to understand gene flow in pelagic holoplankton on a global scale. In this study, we investigated population genetic structure within and between ocean basins in the common mesopelagic copepod, Haloptilus longicornis, using the mitochondrial marker cytochrome oxidase subunit II (mtCOII, 43 locations, n = 1059). We found highly significant genetic structure among ocean basins (global FST = 0.20; p < 0.00001), with the exception of relatively weak genetic divergence between the South Atlantic and Indian Oceans. Strong genetic breaks also were observed between populations in the northern and southern subtropical gyres of both the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans (Atlantic: FCT = 0.21, Pacific: FCT = 0.15, AMOVA, p < 0.00001 for both oceans). In the Atlantic, a region of low abundance for H. longicornis in equatorial waters coincided with the location of the observed genetic break (~012 o N), suggesting the presence of a physical or biophysical barrier that effectively limits migration among subtropical gyre systems for this species. Using oceanographic data from a basin-scale transect, we provide the first environmental portrait of an open-ocean dispersal barrier for the marine plankton. Within all four Atlantic and Pacific subtropical gyres, we found a general lack of genetic subdivision among sites, as has been observed in a few other globallydistributed plankton species.
Downward nominal price rigidity and earnings quality

I provide the first evidence that firms’ sluggishness in adjusting downward the selling prices of their outputs impairs the quality of accounting earnings. Using a unique data set and a novel approach to measure the impact of industry-wide input costs on output prices, I show three sets of results. First, operating earnings become much less persistent for firms receiving negative input cost shocks than for those receiving positive ones of the same magnitude. The result holds primarily for industries in which input costs are expected to inflate. Second, the impact of input cost deflation on earnings persistence is partially offset by earnings smoothing and manifests itself in a timelier manner on operating cash flows than on accruals. Third, security analysts adjust their estimation about the persistence of earnings shocks more slowly following cost deflations than inflations, which explains the difference in the post-earnings announcement drift across firms. JEL Classification: E31, G10, M41
The experience of adults recovering from an eating disorder in a professionally-led, monthly support group. A qualitative study

This qualitative study explored the experience of adults recovering from an eating disorder in a professionally-led monthly support group. Participants were sixteen adults recovering from an eating disorder who attended a monthly support group. The data was collected using an online anonymous survey and then analysed using thematic analysis. The main themes that emerged were: (i) sharing the pain and promise, (ii) cautions and concerns, and (iii) facilitator role. In accordance to past research, the findings indicate that the support group provided a safe space to share lived experience, that it reduced stigma and isolation, and improved participants’ motivation and engagement. Moreover, the results revealed some challenges to the functioning of the group. These included management of discussions and dominant members, need for psycho-educational information and managing intense feelings, relating to body-related comparison and other mental disorder comorbidities. Furthermore, the results highlight the valuable role of the facilitator in balancing content with compassion in ensuring safety in the group, and potentially, fulfilling a valuable education function in supporting participants in their eating disorder recovery journey. Implications and future research ideas are presented for eating disorder service providers and researchers.
Studies on Nitrogen Metabolism in Crop Plants : XX. Translocation and accumulation into sink of 15N top-dressed at different growth stages in the rice plant

In the previous paper, it was revealed in rice plant that 15N-labelled ammonium nitrogen top-dressed at the flowering stage was more effectively absorbed and translocated into grain proteins as compared with 14N supplied as basal-dressing. On the basis of these data, it was estimated that the relative distribution of N to sink was 40∼50% for basal-dressing and ca. 70% for top-dressing. This report presents the results of two experiments which were conducted to examine the translocation rate of three sources of nitrogen supplied as basal-dressing, top-dressing I (at the spikelet initiation stage) and II (at the flowering stage) in combination with the treatments on removal of the upper or lower leaf blades at the flowering stage. The results obtained are as follows. 1. Most of the 15N from top-dressing I was distributed in the upper leaf blades and ears as sink, whereas the distribution of 15N from basal-dressing was found in the lower leaf blades and leaf sheath + culms. However, 15N top-dressed at the flowering stage was continuously translocated into sink during the ripening period and incorporated rapidly into reserve protein such as glutelin. 2. The transport into sink of 15N-labelled ammonium top-dressed at the flowering stage was more rapid than basal-dressed 15N, and even in the rice plant from which all leaf blades were removed at the flowering stage, the rate of 15N transported into sink increased up to 63% of the untreated plant. These results indicate that most of the 15N derived from top-dressing at the flowering stage was directly translocated into sink via culms from the roots.
Authors' reply

had been sufficiently deflated to pass through the incision. There is no need to extend the wound or to perform a colpotomy. The results of Yuen and Rogers (1993) compared well with Manyonda et al. (1993) and Nezhat et al. (1989). The average size of the dermoid cyst was 6 cm and the mean operative time was 72 minutes (range 60 to 90 minutes). The post-operative pain was minimal, and all patients were fit for discharge 48 hours after the operation. In experienced hands, laparoscopic removal of dermoid cysts is a safe and effective procedure. The use of Endopouch eliminates the risk of spillage and the need to extend the skin wound or perform colpotomy.
Lipid Profile, Cortisol and Haematological Alterations in Simulated Microgravity Using the Bat Model

The mode of blood lipid and cortisol expression in simulated microgravity has been poorly understood. This study determined the influence of simulated microgravity (prolonged inversion) on the level of expression of serum cortisol, lipid profile and haematological parameters in bats. Forty bats (Eidolon helvum)were used for this study; they were divided into groups A, B, C and D Groups A, B, C and D were exposed to zero, seven, fourteen and twenty-one days of prolonged inversion respectively. Group A served as the control group. Results of the study showed that prolonged inversion induced the elevation of cortisol and indicated that stress was involved. There was amelioration of atherogenic parameters such that total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein, trigycerides and very low density lipoprotein decreased as prolonged inversion progresses (p< 0.05). But high density lipoprotein increased with the progression of prolonged inversion (p< 0.05). Packed cell volume, haemoglobin concentration, red blood cell counts were significantly decreased with prolonged inversion (p< 0.05). But such parameters were partially ameliorated in the group (D) Original Research Article Ashaolu and AJao; ARRB, 6(5): 316-322, 2015; Article no.ARRB. 2015.090 317 that underwent twenty-one days of prolonged inversion. This study concludes that simulated microgravity or prolonged inversion in bats is associated with stress, improvement of serum atherogenic indices and decline in haematological parameters, and that bats also showed adaptive responses of its haematological status in the prolonged inversion. This study could be useful in predicting health consequences of extreme environment such as space experienced by astronauts and possible countermeasures.
Proteins In Vitro with Melanoma-Derived Heat Shock Respond to Dendritic Cells Pulsed with Synthetic Peptides, but Fail to Stimulated by Dendritic Cells Loaded Cytotoxic T Cell Clones Are Melanoma-Reactive Class I-Restricted

2004;172;162-169 J. Immunol. Michael Heike, Christian Peschel and Helga Bernhard Kastenmüller, Dirk H. Busch, Ingo Drexler, Gerd Sutter, Kristina Fleischer, Burkhard Schmidt, Wolfgang Proteins In Vitro with Melanoma-Derived Heat Shock Respond to Dendritic Cells Pulsed with Synthetic Peptides, but Fail to Stimulated by Dendritic Cells Loaded Cytotoxic T Cell Clones Are Melanoma-Reactive Class I-Restricted
Occurrence Of Viruses Infecting Watermelon, Other Cucurbits, and Weeds in the Parts of Southern United States

Field surveys were conducted to determine the distribution and frequency of viruses infecting watermelon and other cucurbits in the southern US in 2010 and 2011. Leaf samples were collected from 715 symptomatic plants from 10 states and were tested by dot-immunobinding assays or reverse transcriptionpolymerase chain reaction for 17 viruses that included Alfalfa mosaic virus (AMV), Bean pod mottle virus (BPMV), Cucurbit aphid born yellows virus (CABYV), Cucurbit yellow stunting disorder virus (CYSDV), Cucumber green mottle mosaic virus (CGMMV), Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), Melon necrotic spot virus (MNSV), Papaya ringspot virus-W (PRSV-W), Squash leaf curl virus (SLCuV), Soybean mosaic virus (SMV), Squash mosaic virus (SqMV), Squash vein yellowing virus (SqVYV), Tobacco ringspot virus (TRSV), Watermelon mosaic virus (WMV), Watermelon silver mottle virus (WSMoV), Zucchini yellow mosaic virus (ZYMV), and Zucchini green mottle mosaic virus (ZGMMV). Thirteen out of 17 viruses were detected in this study. The distribution of detected viruses varied with the highest average frequency for WMV (30.6%), followed by PRSV-W (24.7%), ZYMV (13.9%), TRSV (5.7%), SqMV (3.5%), and MNSV (2.6%). The percent frequency of the remaining viruses was less than 2%. Seven viruses (AMV, BPMV, CMV, SqMV, TRSV, PRSV-W, and ZYMV) were also detected either from nearby agricultural crops or weeds species. Mixed infections were also recorded for some viruses with potyviruses being the most common. There is limited information on frequency and distribution of viruses that occur on watermelon and other cucurbits. These results indicate that potyviruses, particularly PRSV-W, WMV, and ZYMV, are frequently present in infected watermelon and other cucurbits in the southern US.
Phenological behaviour of selected tree species in tropical forests at Kodayar in the Western Ghats, Tamil Nadu, India

Vegetative and reproductive phenology of 42 tree species of tropical forests at Kodayar in the Western Ghats, Tamil Nadu, India was monitored through fortnightly visits for two years. A considerable variation was found in leaf flushing, leaf fall, flowering and fruiting behaviour that could be partly attributed to abiotic factors. Peak activity of leaf fall and leaf emergence that occurred in the early dry period, could be to take full advantage of the first rainy season for vegetative growth and reproduction. Peak flowering activity coincided with leaf fall/leaf flushing, possibly to attract pollinators. The activity of fruit ripening and fruit fall was at its peak in the first rainy season in order to utilize the available soil moisture for seed germination and seedling establishment. Phenological behaviour displayed by the trees is an adaptation to the surrounding abiotic and biotic environment.
Radiation exposure of the ovaries during hysterosalpingography. Is radionuclide hysterosalpingography justifed?

Dear Sir, We wish to comment on the article by van der Weiden &van Zijl [Br J Obstet Gynaecol(lY80) 96,4714721 which compares thc radiation cxposure of the ovaries during conventional hystcrosalpingography (HSG) with radionuclide HSG. They quoted a maximum exposure of 3.74 mGy for HSG with a mean of 1.08 mGy, similar to the reported mean of 1.13 mGy for electronic fluorography (Freedman et ul. 1987). liigher mean doses for HSG have becn rcported: 3.66 mGy (Sheikh & Yussman 1976) and 5.25 mGy (Parekh & Arronet 1972) for fluoroscopy and three spot films and 6-75 mGy for thrcc spot films alone (McCalley et ul. 1985). The National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements (1977) quoted a much higher figure of 67 mGy not iiicluding the dosc due to fluoroscopy. For radionuclide HSG, van der Weiden & van Zijl(1989) quoted the original work of Iturralde & Venter (1981) who gave 370 MBq yymTc microspheres resulting in a maximum dose of 281 mGy. However, such doses have never been used in clinical practice. McCalley rt al. (1985) used 37 mBq with a pinhole collimator but without computerized imaging. They acquired 200000 counts per image and estimated an administcrcd dosc of 0.49 mGyiMBq based on 5% dosage to each ovary and 0.76 mGyiMBy based on a figure of 7.5%. We used radionuclide HSG to study 32 fallopian tubes in 16 women and compared the results with findings at laparoscopy and hydrotubation performed within 7 days of radionuclidc HSG. A scnsitive planar collimator with a computcr allowed the use of 3-5 MBq. Average counts were achieved of 18 00@20 000 counts per image per 5 min. The highest possible theoretical dosc was 0.76 x 5 = 3.8 mGy per ovary although our patients showcd a maximum uptake ol 4.6% giving a maximum dose of 0.47 x 5 = 2.35 mGy. At laparoscopy, 30 tubes were patent of which only 13 appeared patent with radionuclide HSG. The remaining two tubes were blocked at laparoscopy but patent with radionuclide HSG. Our finding of 41% (13/32) cfficiency for radionuclide HSG (percentage of tubes correctly classified) compares favourably with the value of 49'% obtaincd by Brundin et a1. (1989) but not with the 94% efficiency reported by McCalley et u1. (1085). Nevertheless. we feel that radionuclidc HSG may rcpresent a more accurate test of tuba1 function than conventional HSG or hydrotubation and that it is as safe as conventional HSG considering the low radiation doscs that can be used with modem collimators and computers. S. H. Kennedy 0. A. Mojiminiyi N. D. W. Soper B. J. Shepstone D. H. Barlow Nrcfleld Dept qf Obstetrics and Gynaecology John Radcliffe HosjJital Maternity Department lieudington Oxford
Local movements of color-marked common loons

We studied movement of color-marked common loons (Gavia immer) among small lakes (4-349 ha) in northern Wisconsin and the Upper Peninsula of Michigan to determine the frequency, timing, and ecological causes of multiple-lake usage. Most instances of multiple-lake usage fell into 1 of 5 categories: (1) territorial defense of 2 or more lakes by a breeding pair, (2) post-reproductive wandering, (3) territorial shifts prior to breeding, (4) dispersal of displaced breeders, or (5) long-distance movements by young birds. Overall, distances moved by adult loons between lakes were shorter than expected. The frequency of such movements might indicate reconnaissance for new territories, consistent with the frequent territorial takeover observed in this species. Regular use by loons of small clusters of lakes suggests that a management strategy that preserves only small, isolated breeding lakes might be inadequate to sustain nesting pairs and also might hamper natural dispersal between lakes.
La Cytogénétique de Lotus (Leguminosae)

Pendant la microsporogenese d'une plante hybride issue d'un croisement entre L. japonicus (Regel) Larsen et L. alpinus Schleich. des ponts chromatiques relient entre elles plus de 17% des cellules-meres de microspores. Ce phenomene de cytomixie pourrait etre cause, au cours des divisions premeiotiques, par I'intervention de la cytocinese au moment de la division centromerique de certains chromosomes a cycle mitotique dephase, des substances chromatiques emigrant ainsi d'une cellule a l'autre a la faveur d'une formation incomplete des parois cellulaires.
Inheritance of gynoecism and genetics of yield and yield contributing traits through generation mean analysis in bitter gourd

The phenotypic ratio of 3:1 (monoecious vs gynoecious) in bitter gourd confirmed the monogenic recessive inheritance of gynoecism trait. Further investigation on gene action in the cross DBGy 201 × S-2 and DBGy 201 × Pusa Do Mausami by generation mean analysis revealed duplicate epistasis for most of the traits including node at which first female flower appear, days to first flowering, days to first harvestable maturity, fruit length, fruit diameter, fruit weight and yield suggesting the possibilities of obtaining transgressive segregants in later generations. Moreover, significant additive and non-additive gene effect for traits like node at which first female flower appear, days to first flowering, days to first harvestable maturity and fruit diameter indicates use of reciprocal recurrent selection or bi-parental mating for improvement of these traits. Non-additive gene action was significant for number of fruits per plant, fruit length, weight and yield inferring heterosis breeding as the best option for obtaining higher gain in these characters.