Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A finite element analysis study based on valgus impacted femoral neck fracture under diverse stances

Abstract The aim of the study was to determine the biomechanical environment of patients who suffer from valgus impacted femoral neck fracture. With the help of computational modeling, both of finite element hip fracture and normal three-dimensional model were reconstructed from a patient with hip fracture. The predicted stress distribution was compared between before and after fracture. After the fracture, during standing and the gait, the fracture site has a greater change in stress distribution due to the shortening of the femoral neck. The largest stress occurs at the middle and lower end of the femoral shaft, which occurs from toe off to deceleration during the whole gait. After the fracture, greater stress on the femoral head will result in a worse mechanical environment for the femur. The stress peak value of the femoral shaft is larger than the unfractured side and the stress distribution is uneven. From the results of gait analysis, it is concluded that the increase of concentrated stress and the change of stress distribution will cause the possibility of secondary fractures at the middle and lower ends of the femoral shaft when there is an accident in the case of existing fracture.
ADHD in Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Prevalence Studies in Outpatient Psychiatric Clinics

Objective: Systematic review and meta-analysis to estimate the pooled prevalence of ADHD in adult attendees of outpatient mental health clinics and to investigate factors influencing prevalence rates. Methods: The following were extracted: demographics, design of the study (screening only or two-phase), scales/criteria for diagnosis of ADHD, number of ADHD, and non-ADHD participants. Results: The pooled prevalence of ADHD from screening studies (n = 9) was 26.7%, (95% CI [17.2–37.4]), ADHD = 1727, No ADHD = 3,578. From studies employing a two-stage design (n = 5), prevalence was 14.61%, CI [10.39–19.41], ADHD = 561, No ADHD = 3,578. Age and gender did not have any significant effect on the estimated prevalence. By contrast exclusion of psychotic disorders lowers prevalence. The screening scale used also influence prevalence rates. Conclusion: Meta-analysis shows high rates of adult ADHD among psychiatric outpatient clinics. Applying DSM-5 criteria increased prevalence rates. More methodologically robust studies, using two-stage design, need to be conducted to help assist in service planning.
Prevalence of hospital‐acquired malnutrition and modifiable determinants of nutritional deterioration during inpatient admissions: A systematic review of the evidence

Abstract Background Malnutrition affects between 20% and 50% of hospital inpatients on admission, with further declines expected during hospitalisation. This review summarises the existing literature on hospital‐acquired malnutrition that examines the magnitude of nutritional deterioration amongst adult inpatients and identifies preventable barriers to optimising nutrition support during episodes of care. Methods A systematic review was conducted to answer the question: Among adult hospital inpatients, the presence of which modifiable factors contribute to hospital‐acquired malnutrition? A database search was conducted between the 24 April and 30 June 2020 using CINAHL, MEDLINE, Scopus and PubMed databases according to a protocol registered with PROSPERO (CD42020182728). In addition, issues of the 10 top clinical nutrition journals published during the period of from 1 April 2015 to 30 March 2020 were hand‐searched. Results Fifteen articles were eligible for inclusion from a total of 5944 retrieved abstracts. A narrative synthesis of evidence was completed because of the high level of heterogeneity in methodologies. Nutritional deterioration is common among previously well‐nourished and nutritionally compromised patients, with studies reporting that 10%–65% of patients experienced nutritional decline. Frequently reported barriers were mealtime interruptions, meal dissatisfaction, procedure‐related fasting, effects of illness or treatment, chewing difficulties, poor appetite and malnutrition as a low clinical priority. Conclusions The findings of this review support the need for routine nutritional risk screening throughout each hospital admission with hospital‐acquired malnutrition affecting up to 65% of inpatients. Clear establishment of the roles and responsibilities of each member within multidisciplinary healthcare teams in the provision of nutrition care and cost–benefit analyses are recommended to demonstrate the effectiveness of changes to models of care.
Endosomal-associated RFFL facilitates mitochondrial clearance by enhancing PRKN/parkin recruitment to mitochondria

ABSTRACT Mutations in the ubiquitin ligase PRKN (parkin RBR E3 ubiquitin protein ligase) are associated with Parkinson disease and defective mitophagy. Conceptually, PRKN-dependent mitophagy is classified into two phases: 1. PRKN recruits to and ubiquitinates mitochondrial proteins; 2. formation of phagophore membrane, sequestering mitochondria for degradation. Recently, endosomal machineries are reported to contribute to the later stage for membrane assembly. We reported a role for endosomes in the events upstream of phase 1. We demonstrate that the endosomal ubiquitin ligase RFFL (ring finger and FYVE like domain containing E3 ubiquitin protein ligase) associated with damaged mitochondria, and this association preceded that of PRKN. RFFL interacted with PRKN, and stable recruitment of PRKN to damaged mitochondria was substantially reduced in RFFL KO cells. Our study unraveled a novel role of endosomes in modulating upstream pathways of PRKN-dependent mitophagy initiation. Abbreviations CCCP: carbonyl cyanide 3-chlorophenylhydrazone; DMSO: dimethyl sulfoxide; EGFP: enhanced green fluorescence protein; KO: knockout; PRKN: parkin RBR E3 ubiquitin protein ligase; RFFL: ring finger and FYVE like domain containing E3 ubiquitin protein ligase; UQCRC1: ubiquinol-cytochrome c reductase core protein 1; WT: wild-type
Classification of anomalous diffusion in animal movement data using power spectral analysis

The field of movement ecology has seen a rapid increase in high-resolution data in recent years, leading to the development of numerous statistical and numerical methods to analyse relocation trajectories. Data are often collected at the level of the individual and for long periods that may encompass a range of behaviours. Here, we use the power spectral density (PSD) to characterise the random movement patterns of a black-winged kite (Elanus caeruleus) and a white stork (Ciconia ciconia). The tracks are first segmented and clustered into different behaviours (movement modes), and for each mode we measure the PSD and the ageing properties of the process. For the foraging kite we find 1/f noise, previously reported in ecological systems mainly in the context of population dynamics, but not for movement data. We further suggest plausible models for each of the behavioural modes by comparing both the measured PSD exponents and the distribution of the single-trajectory PSD to known theoretical results and simulations.
Toward black hole entropy in chiral loop quantum supergravity

Recently, many geometric aspects of N -extended AdS supergravity in chiral variables have been encountered and clariﬁed. In particular, if the theory is supposed to be invariant under SUSY transformations also on boundaries, the boundary term has to be the action of a OSp( N| 2) C super Chern-Simons theory, and particular boundary conditions must be met. Based on this, we propose a way to calculate an entropy S for surfaces, presumably including black hole horizons, in the supersymmetric version of loop quantum gravity for the minimal case N = 1 . It proceeds in analogy to the non-supersymmetric theory, by calculating dimensions of quantum state spaces of the super Chern-Simons theory with punctures, for ﬁxed quantum (super) area of the surface. We ﬁnd S = a H / 4 for large areas and determine the subleading correction. Due to the non-compactness of OSp(1 | 2) C and the corresponding diﬃculties with the Chern-Simons quantum theory, we use analytic continuation from the Verlinde formula for a compact real form, UOSp(1 | 2) , in analogy to work by Noui et al. This also entails studying some properties of OSp(1 | 2) C representations that we have not found elsewhere in the literature.
The Calder\'on problem for the fractional Dirac operator

We show that knowledge of the source-to-solution map for the fractional Dirac operator acting over sections of a Hermitian vector bundle over a smooth closed connencted Riemannian manifold of dimension m ≥ 2 determines uniquely the smooth structure, Riemannian metric, Hermitian bundle and connection, and its Cliﬀord modulo up to a isometry. We also mention several potential applications in physics and other ﬁelds.
Stability of the minimum energy path

The minimum energy path (MEP) is the most probable transition path that connects two equilibrium states of a potential energy landscape. It has been widely used to study transition mechanisms as well as transition rates in the fields of chemistry, physics, and materials science. In this paper, we derive a novel result establishing the stability of MEPs under perturbations of the energy landscape. The result also represents a crucial step towards studying the convergence of various numerical approximations of MEPs, such as the nudged elastic band and string methods.
On a weak topology for Hadamard spaces

Изучается вопрос о топологизуемости секвенциальной слабой сходимости в пространствах Адамара. Положительный ответ на этот вопрос дается для так называемых слабо собственных пространств Адамара. Ряд результатов из функционального анализа переносится на случай пространств Адамара. Показывается, что вводимое определение слабой топологии совпадает с обычным определением слабой топологии для гильбертовых пространств. Дается сравнение вводимой топологии с существующими определениями других слабых топологий. Библиография: 24 названия.
A sequence-to-sequence approach for document-level relation extraction

Motivated by the fact that many relations cross the sentence boundary, there has been increasing interest in document-level relation extraction (DocRE). DocRE requires integrating information within and across sentences, capturing complex interactions between mentions of entities. Most existing methods are pipeline-based, requiring entities as input. However, jointly learning to extract entities and relations can improve performance and be more efficient due to shared parameters and training steps. In this paper, we develop a sequence-to-sequence approach, seq2rel, that can learn the subtasks of DocRE (entity extraction, coreference resolution and relation extraction) end-to-end, replacing a pipeline of task-specific components. Using a simple strategy we call entity hinting, we compare our approach to existing pipeline-based methods on several popular biomedical datasets, in some cases exceeding their performance. We also report the first end-to-end results on these datasets for future comparison. Finally, we demonstrate that, under our model, an end-to-end approach outperforms a pipeline-based approach. Our code, data and trained models are available at https://github.com/johngiorgi/seq2rel. An online demo is available at https://share.streamlit. io/johngiorgi/seq2rel/main/demo.py.
Data-Based Control of Feedback Linearizable Systems

In this article, we present an extension of Willems' Fundamental Lemma to the class of multi-input–multi-output discrete-time feedback linearizable nonlinear systems, thus providing a data-based representation of their input–output trajectories. Two sources of uncertainty are considered. First, the unknown linearizing input is inexactly approximated by a set of basis functions. Second, the measured output data is contaminated by additive noise. Furthermore, we propose an approach to approximate the solution of the data-based simulation and output matching problems, and show that the difference from the true solution is bounded. Finally, the results are illustrated on an example of a fully actuated double inverted pendulum.
Style-Based Global Appearance Flow for Virtual Try-On

Image-based virtual try-on aims to fit an in-shop garment into a clothed person image. To achieve this, a key step is garment warping which spatially aligns the target garment with the corresponding body parts in the person image. Prior methods typically adopt a local appearance flow estimation model. They are thus intrinsically susceptible to difficult body poses/occlusions and large mis-alignments between person and garment images (see Fig. 1). To overcome this limitation, a novel global appearance flow estimation model is proposed in this work. For the first time, a StyleGAN based architecture is adopted for appearance flow estimation. This enables us to take advantage of a global style vector to encode a whole-image context to cope with the aforementioned challenges. To guide the StyleGAN flow generator to pay more attention to local garment deformation, a flow refinement module is introduced to add local context. Experiment results on a popular virtual tryon benchmark show that our method achieves new state-of-the-art performance. It is particularly effective in a ‘in-the-wild’ application scenario where the reference image is full-body resulting in a large mis-alignment with the garment image (Fig. 1 Top). Code is available at: https://github.com/SenHe/Flow-Style-VTON.
Structural stability of interior subsonic steady-states to hydrodynamic model for semiconductors with sonic boundary

For the stationary hydrodynamic model for semiconductors with sonic boundary, represented by Euler-Poisson equations, it possesses the various physical solutions including interior subsonic solutions/interior supersonic solutions/shock transonic solutions/ C 1 -smooth transonic solutions. However, the structural stability for these physical solutions is challenging and has remained open as we know. In this paper, we investigate the structural stability of interior subsonic solutions when the doping proﬁles are restricted in the subsonic region. The main result is proved by using the local (weighted) singularity analysis and the monotonicity argument. Both the result itself and techniques developed here will give us some truly enlightening insights into our follow-up study on the structural stability of the remaining types of solutions.
CO Emission Delineating the Interface between the Milky Way Nuclear Wind Cavity and the Gaseous Disk

Based on the MWISP survey, we study high-z CO emission toward the tangent points, in which the distances of the molecular clouds (MCs) are well determined. In the region of l = 12°–26° and ∣b∣ ≲ 5. °1, a total of 321 MCs with ∣z∣ ≳ 110 pc are identified, of which nearly 30 extreme high-z MCs (EHMCs at ∣z∣ ≳ 260 pc) are concentrated in a narrow region of R GC ∼ 2.6–3.1 kpc. The EHMC concentrations, together with other high-z MCs at R GC ≲ 2.3–2.6 kpc, constitute molecular crater-wall structures surrounding the edges of the H i voids that are physically associated with the Fermi bubbles. Intriguingly, some large high-z MCs, which lie in the crater walls above and below the Galactic plane, show cometary structures with the head toward the plane, favoring the scenario that the entrained molecular gas moves with the multiphase flows from the plane to the high-z regions. We suggest that the Milky Way nuclear wind has a significant impact on the Galactic gaseous disk. The powerful nuclear wind at ∼3–6 Myr ago is likely responsible for the observational features: (1) the enhanced CO gas lying in the edges of the H i voids, (2) the deficiency of atomic and molecular gas within R GC ≲ 3 kpc, (3) the possible connection between the EHMC concentrations and the 3 kpc arm, and (4) the elongated high-z MCs with the tail pointing away from the Galactic plane.
Neural Estimation of the Rate-Distortion Function With Applications to Operational Source Coding

A fundamental question in designing lossy data compression schemes is how well one can do in comparison with the rate-distortion function, which describes the known theoretical limits of lossy compression. Motivated by the empirical success of deep neural network (DNN) compressors on large, real-world data, we investigate methods to estimate the rate-distortion function on such data, which would allow comparison of DNN compressors with optimality. While one could use the empirical distribution of the data and apply the Blahut-Arimoto algorithm, this approach presents several computational challenges and inaccuracies when the datasets are large and high-dimensional, such as the case of modern image datasets. Instead, we re-formulate the rate-distortion objective, and solve the resulting functional optimization problem using neural networks. We apply the resulting rate-distortion estimator, called NERD, on popular image datasets, and provide evidence that NERD can accurately estimate the rate-distortion function. Using our estimate, we show that the rate-distortion achievable by DNN compressors are within several bits of the rate-distortion function for real-world datasets. Additionally, NERD provides access to the rate-distortion achieving channel, as well as samples from its output marginal. Therefore, using recent results in reverse channel coding, we describe how NERD can be used to construct an operational one-shot lossy compression scheme with guarantees on the achievable rate and distortion. Experimental results demonstrate competitive performance with DNN compressors.
Probabilistic Implicit Scene Completion

We propose a probabilistic shape completion method extended to the continuous geometry of large-scale 3D scenes. Real-world scans of 3D scenes suffer from a considerable amount of missing data cluttered with unsegmented objects. The problem of shape completion is inherently ill-posed, and high-quality result requires scalable solutions that consider multiple possible outcomes. We employ the Generative Cellular Automata that learns the multi-modal distribution and transform the formulation to process large-scale continuous geometry. The local continuous shape is incrementally generated as a sparse voxel embedding, which contains the latent code for each occupied cell. We formally derive that our training objective for the sparse voxel embedding maximizes the variational lower bound of the complete shape distribution and therefore our progressive generation constitutes a valid generative model. Experiments show that our model successfully generates diverse plausible scenes faithful to the input, especially when the input suffers from a significant amount of missing data. We also demonstrate that our approach outperforms deterministic models even in less ambiguous cases with a small amount of missing data, which infers that probabilistic formulation is crucial for high-quality geometry completion on input scans exhibiting any levels of completeness.
MAANG? MANGA? Characterizing Spontaneous Ideation Contest on Social Media

Social media is not only a place for people to communicate on a daily matter but also a virtual venue to transmit and exchange various ideas. Such ideas are known as the raw voices of potential consumers, which come from a wide range of people who may not participate in consumer surveys, and therefore their opinions may contain high value to companies. However, how users share their ideas on social media is still underexplored. This study investigates a spontaneous ideation contest about a generic term for new Big Tech companies, which occurred when Facebook changed its name to Meta. We constructed a comprehensive dataset of tweets containing candidates and examined how they were suggested, spread, and exchanged by social media users. Our findings indicate that different ideas are better on different metrics. The ranking of ideas was not decided immediately after the idea contest started. The first people to post ideas have smaller followers than those who post secondarily or who only share the idea. We also confirmed that replies accumulate unique ideas, but most of them are added in the first depth in reply trees. This study would promote the use of social media as a part of open innovation and co-creation processes in the industry.
Canted Antiferromagnetic phases in the layered candidate Weyl material EuMnSb$_2$

EuMnSb 2 is a candidate topological material which can be tuned towards a Weyl semimetal, but there are differing reports for its antiferromagnetic (AFM) phases. The coupling of bands dominated by pure Sb layers hosting topological fermions to Mn and Eu magnetic states provides a potential path to tune the topological properties. Here we present single-crystal neutron diffraction, magnetization, and heat capacity data as well as polycrystalline 151 Eu M¨ossbauer data which show that three AFM phases exist as a function of temperature, and we present a detailed analysis of the magnetic structure in each phase. The Mn magnetic sublattice orders into a C-type AFM structure below T N Mn = 323(1) K with the ordered Mn magnetic moment µ Mn lying perpendicular to the layers. AFM ordering of the Eu sublattice occurs below T N Eu1 = 23(1) K with the ordered Eu magnetic moment µ Eu canted away from the layer normal and µ Mn retaining its higher-temperature order. µ Eu is ferromagnetically aligned within each Eu layer but exhibits a complicated AFM layer stacking. Both of these higher-temperature phases are described by magnetic space group (MSG) Pn (cid:48) m (cid:48) a (cid:48) with the chemical and magnetic unit cells having the same dimensions. Cooling below T N Eu2 = 9(1) K reveals a third AFM phase where µ Mn remains unchanged but µ Eu develops an additional in-plane canting. This phase has MSG P 11 2 1 a (cid:48) . We additionally ﬁnd evidence of short-range magnetic correlations associated with the Eu between 12 K (cid:46) T (cid:46) 30 K. Using the determined magnetic structures, we postulate the signs of nearest-neighbor intralayer and interlayer exchange constants and the magnetic anisotropy within a general Heisenberg-model. We then discuss implications of the various AFM states in EuMnSb 2 and its topological properties.
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN TWO MEASURES OF PHYSICAL CAPACITY AND MATCH PERFORMANCE IN SEMI-PROFESSIONAL AUSTRALIAN RULES FOOTBALL

During the transition period, that follows important competitions, national-level elite athletes may experience a reduction in performance and positive adaptations that were gained during the competition phase. The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of a 2d/wk. x 3-wks maintenance conditioning program on lower body Rate of Force Development (RFD), Peak Force (PF), and Peak Power (PPW) during the transition phase in karate athletes. Six subjects (3 male and 3 female) from the national karate team was chosen for this study. BCA was done using skinfold method. RFD, PF, PPW data was collected using SJ on force platform. Pre-test data was done 4 days prior to the start of the transition phase and post-test data was collected 4 – 7 days after the start of the preparation phase. The conditioning program was performed twice a week over 3 weeks and consisted of 3 sets x 8 RM for strength exercises (10 exercises) and 12 RM for individualized pre-habilitation exercises. There was an increase in body fat % but the Effect Size was deemed trivial (ES=0.1). Mean post data showed trivial increase in RFD (ES=0.1), but moderate and small improvement in PF (ES=1.0) and PPW (ES=0.2) respectively. The results of this study showed that with a structured twice weekly conditioning program during transition period is able to overcome detraining and maintain the positive performance gain from the competition phase.