Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Symbiosis-related polypeptides associated with the early stages of ectomycorrhiza organogenesis in birch (Betula pendula Roth)

SUMMARY As a preliminary step towards elucidation of the molecular basis of ectomycorrhiza differentiation, polypeptide changes at different stages of mycorrhiza development were analyzed in birch (Betula pendula Roth). Time-sequencing of the stages in the infection process of clonal plants inoculated with a compatible isolate of Paxillus involutus Batsch revealed that by 8 d mature ectomycorrhizas were obtained. Total phenol-extracted proteins of roots during the ‘mycorrhiza formation stage’ (2–8 d post-inoculation) were separated by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and the resulting patterns compared with non-mycorrhizal roots and mycelium. Alteration in the concentration of polypeptides from the host plant roots was limited even after 8 d of contact between the symbionts. However, seven novel polypeptides were detected 4 d after inoculation, three of them being already present in 2-d-old ectomycorrhizas. These findings demonstrate that symbiosis-related polypeptides accumulate in ectomycorrhizal roots prior to any of the morphological changes characterizing the symbiotic state.
Passive restoration in Araucaria Forest: useful ecological indicators in monitoring successional advancement in exotic tree plantation landscapes

Monitoring successional advancement is a complex field involving a constant search for applied ecological indicators which facilitate monitoring of secondary forests for both active and passive restoration. In this study, the authors investigate the successional advancement of floristics and tree structure within Araucaria Forest (AF) fragments under passive restoration in a context where exotic tree plantations (mainly Pinus L. genus) dominate the landscape. The ecological indicators used were floristic dissimilarity (β‐diversity inferences), indicator species, ecological groups of species, basal area, and species abundance distribution (SAD) models (α‐diversity inferences). A total of 182 tree species belonging to 91 genera and 43 botanical families were identified. A high β diversity was verified for which each site has indicator species (for the locations CD—Dicksonia sellowiana; CO—Cryptocarya aschersoniana; and PG—Pinus taeda), where pioneer species contributed to much of the abundance. Different SAD models are useful for describing passive restoration sites in exotic tree plantation landscapes, namely Lognormal, Mandelbrot, and Zipf. SAD models together with basal area, taxonomic group (e.g. Myrtaceae assemblage), and tree abundance in ecological groups are strategic ecological indicators for monitoring successional advancement in AF.
Geographic color variation of Phelotrupes auratus (Coleoptera, Geotrupidae) in the Kinki region, central Japan: A quantitative spectrophotometric analysis

We investigated geographic color variation of the beetle Phelotrupes auratus in the Kinki region of central Japan using a spectrophotometer. The reflectance spectrum of the dorsal surface of the elytron was measured for beetles collected from 23 sites. We focused on λmax(α), the wavelength at the peak (α peak) between 400 and 700 nm (human visual sensitivity range), for analyses of color variation. In populations distributed on the Kii Peninsula, in the southern part of the Kinki region, average λmax(α) values were lower (480–497 nm) than in populations distributed in the area west of Lake Biwa, the western part of the Kinki region (618–633 nm). For populations distributed in the areas south and southeast of Lake Biwa, a geographic cline of λmax(α) was observed approximately along an east–west transect, with average λmax values varying continuously from 624 to 557 nm. The easternmost populations along this cline had almost the same λmax(α) values as the populations distributed west of Lake Biwa. The coefficient of variation for λmax(α) tended to be larger in populations with intermediate averages than those with lower or higher average values.
Flow Refugia for Benthic Macroinvertebrates during Flooding of a Large River

Benthic macroinvertebrates shifted from deep water to shallow water of the shore zone during annual flooding of a large, gravel-bed river. The shore zone is seasonally inundated during flooding for up to 4 mo of the year, and is a geomorphic feature of many large rivers in northern latitudes with limited floodplain habitat. We collected samples of invertebrates along with measures of several hydraulic and sedimentary variables 5 times through the flood cycle from 4 fixed water depths; stations shifted laterally over a distance of 30 m between baseflow and peak flow. In deep water (1.5 and 3.0 m), shear velocity and substrate mobility increased as a result of flooding. At shallow depths (0.2 and 0.5 m) within the shore zone, stable substrate and low hydraulic stress remained throughout the flood cycle, providing flow refugia to benthic invertebrates. Invertebrate density and species richness were similar during months on the rising limb of the hydrograph while the wetted area of the channel markedly increased. Persistence of the invertebrate community appears to have been facilitated by a shift in a large proportion of organisms from deep water to shallow depths of the shore zone during flooding. Total density and the density of most collector-gatherers such as Rhithrogena and Baetis was highest at 1.5 m prior to flooding but shifted to depths of 0.5 and 0.2 m at peak flow. The filter-feeding caddisfly Hydropsyche was most abundant at 1.5 m in all months of the study while the location of 1.5 m samples shifted laterally over a distance of 30 m through the flood cycle. The ecological importance of the shore zone as a flow refugium was demonstrated by the broad diversity of species with varying feeding behaviors and morphologies that concentrated in this zone during flooding.
Isoetes fluitans sp. nov.: the identity of Spanish plants of ‘I. longissimum’

Recent revision of North African specimens of Isoetes velata A. Braun and the closely related taxon I. longissimum Bory, together with Spanish material conventionally designated I. longissimum, suggests that the Spanish specimens constitute a new species, I. fluitans. This is described and illustrated. The North African taxon I. longissimum is probably not specifically distinct from I. velata. © 2004 The Linnean Society of London, Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 2004, 146, 231–236.
The Permotriassic branchiosaurid Tungussogyrinus Efremov, 1939 (Temnospondyli, Dissorophoidea) from Siberia restudied

Abstract. The enigmatic temnospondyl amphibian Tungussogyrinus bergi Efremov, 1939 shares clear synapomorphies with other branchiosaurids indicated by an anteriorly elongated infratemporal fossa and small branchial denticles. Therefore Tungussogyrinus clearly belongs to the dissorophoid family Branchiosauridae. This species is characterized by a number of derived features among temnospondyls: (1) an unusually elongated anterodorsal process of the ilium; (2) the character complex concerning the tricuspid dentition. Tungussogyrinus differs from all other branchiosaurids in these two autapomorphic characters. Herein, Tungussogyrinus is thought to represent the closest relative of a clade including all other branchiosaurids with its placement outside of this clade associated with a new feeding strategy to scrape algae with the tricuspid anterior dentition and the gracile built snout region. The subfamily Tungussogyrininae Kuhn, 1962 is newly defined here by the two derived characters of Tungussogyrinus bergi. All other branchiosaurid genera and species are included in a second subfamily Branchiosaurinae Fritsch, 1879. doi: 10.1002/mmng.200900001
Coronary Stent Thrombosis- Predictors and Prevention.

BACKGROUND Stent thrombosis (ST) is a dreaded complication after stent implantation and is associated with a mortality between 5% and 45%. The mechanisms by which ST arises are complex. Because of the seriousness of this situation, all phy - sicians should have at least basic knowledge of it. In this article, we present the risk factors for ST and discuss some innovative approaches to its treatment. METHODS This review is based on pertinent articles retrieved by a selective search in PubMed, and on current international guidelines and expert recommendations. RESULTS The frequency of ST has been markedly lowered by technical advances in coronary stenting and by the implementation of modern implantation techniques, including the introduction of coverage with dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT). Both patient-related risk factors and procedural aspects can elevate the risk of ST. The independent risk factors for ST include premature termination of DAPT (hazard ratio [HR] 26.8; 95% confidence interval [8.4; 85.4]; p <0.0001), malignant disease (odds ratio [OR]: 17.45; [4.67; 65.26]; p <0.0001), and diabetes mellitus (OR: 3.14; [1.33; 7.45]; p = 0.0093). In comparison to angiographically guided procedures, the use of intracoronary imaging techniques in patients with acute coronary syndrome lowers the frequency of ST (0.6% versus 1.2%; p = 0.005). These techniques enable the detection of many findings in the coronary arteries that are associated with the development of ST. In such cases, countermeasures such as secondary stent dilatation or prolongation of DAPT can help prevent ST. CONCLUSION As the pathophysiology of ST is multifactorial, research in this area presents a special challenge. Prospective clinical trials will be needed to determine whether the systematic use of imaging techniques can lower the frequency of ST.
The importance of site to mate choice: Mate and site fidelity in Piping Plovers

ABSTRACT Each breeding season, seasonally monogamous birds can divorce or reunite with their previous year's mate, assuming both partners survive and return. We tested a suite of variables related to mate choice and site choice to determine which of 4 prominent mate fidelity hypotheses (better [mate] option, habitat mediated, musical chairs, and bet-hedging) best explained the interyear reunion rate and breeding dispersal of a seasonally monogamous shorebird, Piping Plover (Charadrius melodus), nesting on dynamic sandbars on the Missouri River, USA, 2005–2012. Of 252 pairs in which both members returned to the breeding grounds the following year, only 20% reunited. Pairs with an early-arriving male had the highest mate fidelity. Reunited pairs returned to previous nest sites (median breeding dispersal = 39 m), and divorced and widowed birds tended to move farther (median = 229 m and 193 m, respectively). Overall, site fidelity was higher in males than females. Previous reproductive success of a pair did not predict reunion, but all successful birds, with the exception of divorced females, exhibited high site fidelity, suggesting selection for site based on prior breeding success. Among divorced birds, females had higher-quality mates and higher nest success compared to their former partners, and they nested in areas of similar quality between years, whereas males settled in lower-quality areas following divorce. The benefits that females gained from divorce suggested that females initiated divorce to improve reproductive success, which supports the better option hypothesis. Although females seemed to initiate most divorces, males may have divorced as a safeguard against remaining unmated when there was uncertainty about the survival and return of a former mate, as proposed by the bet-hedging hypothesis.
Pengasuhan Orangtua dan Penalaran Moral: Kajian Meta-Analisis

Research on the relationship between parenting with moral reasoning has been done by many researchers because of the increasing of moral decadence problem. Various studies about parenting with moral reasoning showed varying results. Research on parenting style with moral reasoning also showed varying results. The purpose of this study is to determine the relationship between parenting with moral reasoning through the meta-analysis study. Total studies used were 20 articles with 72 studies with 15 343 subjects. Meta-analyzes were done based on the calculation of sampling error and measurement error. The results of meta-analyzes indicate that generally there is a correlation between parenting to moral reasoning is low (ř=0,04). The impact of sample error of 29.97%. Results of a meta-analysis of the types of parenting styles showed that parenting style such as authoritative, authoritarian, and permissive had a relationship with moral reasoning. The results of the research grouping by type of parenting style showed different results on the correlation results with moral reasoning. Authoritative parenting style (ř=0,046) had a greater correlation than authoritarian parenting styles (ř=0,015) and permissive (ř=-0,038).
Sexual Reproduction in Saxifraga oppositifolia L. and Saxifraga biflora All. (Saxifragaceae) in the Alps

Plant life in high alpine or arctic areas is strongly limited by abiotic rather than biotic environmental factors. In climate warming, invading plants from lower altitudes may outcompete indigenous alpine species, which might only survive by colonizing new habitats. Because diaspores are most effective for long-distance dispersal, colonizing species mostly depend on reproduction by seeds. The breeding systems of Saxifraga oppositifolia and Saxifraga biflora were investigated in the field. Saxifraga oppositifolia was found to be mostly cross-pollinated, and S. biflora showed a mixed mating system. Relative seed set (seed: ovule ratio) was higher in S. biflora than in S. oppositifolia. Saxifraga biflora also showed a higher relative reproductive success (RRS) in naturally cross-pollinated plants, because of high fruit set, and in geitonogamous selfing compared with S. oppositifolia. Germination percentage was lower in S. biflora than in S. oppositifolia, but only a few seeds germinated in both species. Variation of germinability could not be attributed to the pollen source of the various pollination treatments. Saxifraga oppositifolia is among the earliest plants to flower in spring, at a time when low temperatures limit pollinator activities. Since pollen transfer is essential in this preferentially outbreeding species, S. oppositifolia is a typical "pollen risker. " Late-flowering species such as S. biflora have numerous pollinators at their disposition and usually display a high selfing rate. Early snowfall, however, can destroy the whole seed crop. In this context, S. biflora resembles a "seed risker. " Because of a high outcrossing rate, "pollen riskers" are expected to have a high genetic variability, which is regarded as preadaptation to stochasticity in tundra habitats and to climate fluctuations. A possible future climate warming will reduce the chances that "seed riskers" lose their whole seed yield, which could be advantageous for colonizing new habitats. This demonstrates the need of learning about species-specific reproductive strategies in order to make predictions on the vulnerability of tundra plants in a changing climate.
Investigation of Freight Agents’ Interaction Considering Partner Selection and Joint Decision Making

Freight transportation plays an increasingly important role in sustainable development. However, freight travel demand has not been understood comprehensively, due to its unique features: freight activities are the result of collaboration among freight agents. It distinguishes freight transportation from passenger transportation, in which travel decisions are made mostly by individuals. Specifically, two processes in the collaboration can be observed: partner selection and joint decision making. Using the supplier-customer collaboration as an example, partner selection is a process for suppliers and customers to evaluate their potential partners and select the best one. Joint decision making allows suppliers and customers to seek common interests and make compromises. As a traditional travel demand model cannot model the two processes effectively, this research develops an innovative econometric model, spatial matching model, to bridge the gap. The proposed model is specified based on freight agents’ behavioral, estimated by Bayesian MCMC methods, and demonstrated by numerical examples. The proposed model and estimation methods can recover the coefficient values in the econometric models, and establish the relationship between the influential factors and the observed matching behavior. The analysis improves the understanding of freight travel demand in a behavioral-consistent manner and enriches the body of freight demand modeling literature.
Synthesis of 312 Studies on the Diet of the Long-Eared Owl Asio otus

In this literature review, I examined 475 publications with information on the global diet of the Long-eared Owl Asio otus. Data within 312 publications were entered into a database, and quantitative diet data were available from 194 of these publications. The composite data set identified 477 different prey: 180 mammal, 191 bird, 15 reptile, 7 amphibian, and 1 fish species, and 83 invertebrate groupings. In 798 prey lists reflecting 813 033 prey items, small mammals accounted for 93.3% and birds for 6.4% of the vertebrate prey. Prey ranged from 1–500 g, with the vast majority of prey consisting of species ≤50 g. Twenty-three species predominate the prey in at least one species list. Diet composition at the family level was similar in different regions, but considerable differences were shown at the species level.
Optimization of Earthwork Allocation Path as Vehicle Route Problem Based on Genetic Algorithm

In civil engineering, earthwork, prior to the construction of most engineering projects, is a lengthy and time-consuming work involving iterative processes. The cost of many AEC (Architecture, Engineering and Construction) projects is highly dependent on the efficiency of earthworks (e.g. road, embankment, railway and slope engineering). Therefore, designing proper earthwork planning is of importance. This paper simplifies the earthwork allocation problem to Vehicle Route Problem (VRP) which is commonly discussed in the field of transportation and logistics. An optimization model for the earthwork allocation path based on the modified Genetic Algorithm with a self-adaptive mechanism is developed to work out the global optimal hauling path for earthwork. The research results also instruct the initial topographic shaping of the Winter Olympic Skiing Courses Project. Furthermore, this optimization model is highly compatible with other evolutionary algorithms due to its flexibility, therefore, further improvement in this model is feasible and practical.
VECTOR REPRESENTATION TO ENHANCE POSE ESTIMATION FROM RGB IMAGES

Head pose estimation is an essential task to be solved in computer vision. Existing research for pose estimation based on RGB images mainly uses either Euler angles or quaternions to predict pose. Nevertheless, both Euler angle- and quaternion-based approaches encounter the problem of discontinuity when describing three-dimensional rotations. This issue makes learning visual pattern more difﬁcult for the convolutional neural network(CNN) which, in turn, compromises the estimation performance. To solve this problem, we introduce TriNet, a novel method based on three vectors converted from three Euler angles(roll, pitch, yaw). The orthogonality of the three vectors enables us to implement a complementary multi-loss function, which effectively reduces the prediction error. Our method achieves state-of-the-art performance on the AFLW2000, AFW and BIWI datasets. We also extend our work to general object pose estimation and show results in the experiment part.
Symptomatic response to GERDOFF® in patients with gastro-esophageal reflux disease and poor response to alginates: an exploratory, post-market, open-label study.

BACKGROUND/AIMS A novel medical device based on hyaluronic acid, chondroitin sulphate plus aluminum hydroxide (GERDOFF®, melt-in-mouth tablets) showed efficacy in reducing GER-related symptoms. This exploratory, open-label study evaluated symptomatic effects of a 14-day treatment with GERDOFF® in GERD patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS GERD Impact Scale (GIS) questionnaire was filled at baseline visit, after 7 and 14 days of treatment; patients' Global Satisfaction was evaluated at the final visit. Primary endpoint was the reduction of heartburn episodes per week; secondary endpoints were GERD-related symptoms, patients' satisfaction, and safety. RESULTS Forty patients were included, 22 were on stable therapy with proton pump inhibitor (PPI). Compared to baseline, the days with heartburn episodes and the GIS score progressively decreased during the first (p<0.0001) and the second week of treatment (p<0.0001). Heartburn episodes per week (p<0.0001) and the GIS score (p<0.0001) decreased in the first and the last 7 days of 14-day treatment and did not differ between patients on and off PPI. The treatment was safe and well-tolerated, and it was rated as very good (46.2%) or good (43.6%) on the satisfaction questionnaire. CONCLUSION GERDOFF® could effectively treat GER symptoms in patients not responding to PPI or alginate-based formulation. ISRCTN_15143752.
Out-migration and commons management: social and ecological change in a high biodiversity region of Oaxaca, Mexico

Commons scholarship has done a poor job of studying drivers of change, their impact on commons institutions, and how these institutions and other social arrangements are responding to such change. This paper examines the multiple impacts that demographic and cultural change through human out-migration is having on a commons regime in a high-biodiversity region of Oaxaca, Mexico. The findings suggest that the region's forest communities face an uncertain future. While change through out-migration can undermine traditional governance systems and erode social and cultural reproduction, innovative institutional adaptations and the existence of strong transnational ties may help reduce community vulnerability. Within this context, the paper discusses the implications for land use and forest biodiversity, and in doing so adds a new layer of complexity to the body of work examining the consequences of rural depopulation on Mexican forest landscapes.
Global properties of the growth index: Mathematical aspects and physical relevance

We analyze the global behavior of the growth index of cosmic inhomogeneities in an isotropic homogeneous universe filled by cold nonrelativistic matter and dark energy (DE) with an arbitrary equation of state. Using a dynamical system approach, we find the critical points of the system. That unique trajectory for which the growth index γ is finite from the asymptotic past to the asymptotic future is identified as the so-called heteroclinic orbit connecting the critical points (Ωm=0,γ∞) in the future and (Ωm=1,γ-∞) in the past. The first is an attractor while the second is a saddle point, confirming our earlier results. Further, in the case when a fraction of matter (or DE tracking matter) ϵΩmtot remains unclustered, we find that the limit of the growth index in the past γ-∞ϵ does not depend on the equation of state of DE, in sharp contrast with the case ϵ=0 (for which γ-∞ is obtained). We show indeed that there is a mathematical discontinuity: one cannot obtain γ-∞ by taking limϵ→0γ-∞ϵ (i.e., the limits ϵ→0 and Ωmtot→1 do not commute). We recover in our analysis that the value γ-∞ϵ corresponds to tracking DE in the asymptotic past with constant γ=γ-∞ϵ found earlier.