Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Earth's inner core: revealing the structures behind the PKP core phase triplication.

The PKP core phase triplication and strong precursors to inner core phase PKIKP cause problems in studying structures at ∼100-200 km depth beneath the ICB, hindering an accurate discussion of deeper structures. Here, we stack seismograms in slowness and time to separate the PKP phases that arrive simultaneously, but with different slowness. We use these stacks to study the inner core between ∼100 and 380 km beneath the ICB in the Western hemisphere of the inner core, a region with anomalously strong anisotropy. Our data is in accordance with shallow anisotropy < 100 km beneath the ICB. Moreover, it reveals a marked increase in seismic velocity over the depth range investigated, up to a maximum of ∼5% faster than the reference model AK135. Such strong anisotropy has not been demonstrated before at these shallow depths.
Perspektif Akuntansi Template

Accepted 30/06/2020 Abstract. This research aims to test whether dividend payment is affected by profitability, liquidity, leverage and firm size. This study uses logistic regression to analyse manufacturing companies, listed on Indonesia Stock Exchange. These manufacturing firms are selected as sample for 2013 to 2017 period. The result of this study showed that profitability and firm size has significantly associated with dividend payment, while liquidity and leverage has not significantly associated with dividend payment. It could help investors to consider firm asset tangibility and its effectiveness to earn profit while deciding to invest in a manufacturing company.
Utilisation and optimisation of beta-adrenergic receptor blockers over a 6-month period among chronic heart failure patients with reduced ejection fraction.

BACKGROUND Beta-adrenergic receptor blocker (BARB) drugs are a wide range of medicines that are used in various conditions, including chronic heart failure (HF). Several studies have reported a wide-ranging inappropriate use of evidence-based beta-blockers (EBBBs) in chronic HF in both inpatients and outpatients. OBJECTIVES To assess the utilisation and optimisation of EBBBs among patients with HF who presented with a reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). METHODS A hospital-based retrospective cross-sectional study was carried out at the Adult University Teaching Hospital (AUTH), in Lusaka, Zambia, where patient medical files for the period of 1 July 2018 to 31 July 2021 were reviewed. Patient information, including file number, age, sex, type of BARB and the dose used, was recorded on the developed and validated checklist. Multivariable regression analysis was performed to identify factors associated with utilisation of BARBs. RESULTS Of the 173 medical records reviewed, BARBs were utilised in 101 (58.4%) patients. Among the patients who utilised BARBs, 96 (95.0%) were taking EBBBs, while the rest (n=5, 5.0 %) were taking atenolol, which is a non-EBBB. Among the patients who were on EBBBs, none of them received the optimal dose. Age ≥65 years (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 0.3, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.17 - 0.64), previous hospitalisation (aOR 0.3, 95% CI 0.13 - 0.51) and furosemide dose ≥40 mg (aOR 0.4, 95% CI 0.21 - 0.64) were significantly associated with lower likelihood of BARB utilisation. New York Heart Association (NYHA) class II (aOR 3.4, 95% CI 1.08 - 10.7), NYHA class III (aOR 4.8, 95% CI 1.65 - 13.7) and patients using at least 5 medications (aOR 5.0, 95% CI 2.91 - 8.77) were independent predictors of BARB utilisation. CONCLUSION This study showed that 95.0% of chronic HF patients were utilising EBBBs, and none received the optimal dose as recommended in the guidelines. Pharmacotherapy with EBBBs should be optimised among patients with chronic HfrEF, as these drugs reduce both morbidity and mortality.
GENERAL EQUILIBRIUM EFFECTS OF CASH TRANSFERS: EXPERIMENTAL EVIDENCE FROM KENYA

How large economic stimuli generate individual and aggregate responses is a central question in economics, but has not been studied experimentally. We provided one-time cash transfers of about USD 1000 to over 10,500 poor households across 653 randomized villages in rural Kenya. The implied fiscal shock was over 15 percent of local GDP. We find large impacts on consumption and assets for recipients. Importantly, we document large positive spillovers on non-recipient households and firms, and minimal price inflation. We estimate a local transfer multiplier of 2.4. We interpret welfare implications through the lens of a simple household optimization framework. (longitudinal) data on household receipt of the transfer; household consumption expenditure patterns (representative for both recipient and non-recipient households); local enterprise production, employment and revenue; labor market conditions; as well as especially high-frequency (monthly) and spatially disaggregated market data on prices. we the results through the lens of a theoretical framework that highlights the links between the individual empirical results, the aggregate transfer multiplier, and welfare in this setting. earlier we ﬁrst document after We not observe meaningful
Assistive Technology for People with Disabilities

Chapters begin with "Objectives" and "Making Connections" and conclude with "Summary" and "Discussion Questions. " Preface. Chapter 1. Introduction to Assistive Technology (At) Devices and Services. Assistive Technology Defined. Historical Overview of Assistive Technology. Multidisciplinary Nature of at Service Provision. Chapter 2. Adaptations Framework for Considering Assistive Technology. Introduction to the Adaptations Framework. Setting-Specific Demands. Person-Specific Characteristics. Adaptations. Evaluation of Effectiveness of Adaptations. Chapter 3. Assistive Technology Assessments. Overview of Assessment Issues. Overview of General Assessments. Assistive Technology Assessments. Assessment Components. Chapter 4. Assistive Technology Devices to Enhance Mobility for Individual with Physical Impairments. Introduction to Mobility Adaptations. Basic Design Considerations. Seating and Positioning Issues. Chapter 5. Assistive Technology Devices to Enhance Speech Communication. Nature of Spoken Language. Introduction to Augmentative and Alternative Communication Systems. Selection Techniques for Aided Communication Systems. Overview of Nonelectronic Systems and Electronic Devices. Chapter 6. Assistive Technology Devices to Enhance Access to Information. Introduction to Information Access. Computer Access. Telecommunication. Listening and Print Access. Chapter 7. Integrating ATAdaptations into Academic Instructions. Introduction to Integrating at Adaptation into Academic Instruction. Designing Instruction. Reading. Writing. Mathematics. Implementing Instruction. Evaluating Instruction. Chapter 8. Anchoring Instruction for Students with Disabilities. Introduction to Anchoring Instruction. Defining Anchoring Instruction. Implementing Anchoring Instruction. Developing Anchors. Benefits of Anchoring Instruction. Challenges of Anchoring Instruction. Chapter 9. Assistive Technology Devices to Enhance Independent Living. Introduction to Independent Living. Devices for Daily Life. Switches and Scanning. Environmental Control Units. Access to Management Devices. Mobility. Appendix A. Glossary of Terms. Appendix B. Section 508. Appendix C. Listing of Assistive Technology Vendors.
PENGARUH HARGA, KUALITAS PRODUK, DAN PROMOSI TERHADAP KEPUTUSAN PEMBELIAN MARKETPLACE SHOPEE

ABSTRAK Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif kuantitatif yang dilakukan pada pelanggan marketplace Shopee. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui dan membuktikan apakah keputusan pembelian pada marketplace Shopee dipengaruhi oleh harga, kualitas produk dan promosi. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah mahasiswa yang pernah melakukan pembelian melalui Shopee. Sampel yang diambil dalam penelitian ini yaitu berjumlah 75 responden dengan metode Purposive Sampling dengan menyebarkan kuisioner melalui googleform. Teknik analisis yang digunakan adalah analisis deskriptif dan analisis inferensial dengan menggunakan alat analisis Partial Least Square (PLS). Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa variabel harga dan kualitas produk berpengaruh terhadap keputusan pembelian. Promosi juga yang berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap keputusan pembelian. Kata Kunci: keputusan pembelian, harga, kualitas produk, promosi ABSTRACT This study uses a quantitative descriptive method conducted on Shopee marketplace customers. The purpose of this research is to find out and prove whether purchasing decisions in the Shopee marketplace are determined by price, product quality, and promotion. The population in this study were students who had made purchases through Shopee. The sample taken in this study was to find 75 respondents using the purposive sampling method by distributing questionnaires through google form. The analytical technique used is descriptive analysis and inferential analysis using Partial Least Square (PLS) analysis tool. The results showed that the variables of price and product quality had an effect on purchasing decisions. Promotion also has a positive and significant effect on purchasing decisions. Keywords: purchase decision, price, product quality, promotion
Approximating Disjoint-Path Problems Using Greedy Algorithms and Packing Integer Programs ( Extended Abstract )

The edge and vertex-disjoint path problems together with their unsplittable flow generalization are NP-hard problems with a multitude of applications in areas such as routing, scheduling and bin packing. Given the hardness of the problems, we study polynomial-time approximation algorithms with bounded performance guarantees. We introduce techniques which yield new algorithms for a wide range of disjoint-path problems. We use two basic techniques. First, we propose simple greedy algorithms for edgeand vertex-disjoint paths and second, we propose the use of a framework based on packing integer programs for more general problems such as unsplittable flow. As part of our tools we develop improved approximation algorithms for a class of packing integer programs, a result that we believe is of independent interest.
Title: Calcitonin Gene Related Peptide in migraine: current therapeutics, future implications and potential off-target effects

a. Department of Neurology, Alfred Hospital and Monash University, Melbourne, Australia. PO Box 315. Prahran VIC Australia 3181. b. The Neurological Institute, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, Brain Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan c. Danish Headache Center, Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet – Glostrup, University of Copenhagen, Denmark d. University College London (UCL) Queen Square Institute of Neurology and The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, London, UK. University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
Incorporating Spatial Information into Density Estimates and Street Gang Models

The spatial features within a region influence many processes in human activity. Mountains, lakes, oceans, rivers, freeways, population densities, housing densities, and road networks are examples of geographical factors that impact spatial behaviors. Separated into two parts, the work presented here incorporates this information into both density estimation methods and models of street gang rivalries and territories.Part I discusses methods for producing a probability density estimate given a set of discrete event data. Common methods of density estimation, such as Kernel Density Estimation, do not incorporate geographical information. Using these methods could result in non-negligible portions of the support of the density in unrealistic geographic locations. For example, crime density estimation models that do not take geographic information into account may predict events in unlikely places such as oceans, mountains, etc. To obtain more geographically accurate density estimates, a set of Maximum Penalized Likelihood Estimation methods based on Total Variation norm and H1 Sobolev semi-norm regularizers in conjunction with a priori high resolution spatial data is proposed. These methods are applied to a residential burglary data set of the San Fernando Valley using geographic features obtained from satellite images of the region and housing density information.Part II addresses the behaviors and rivalries of street gangs and how the spatial characteristics of the region affect the dynamics of the system. Gangs typically claim a specific territory as their own, and they tend to have a set space, a location they use as a center for their activities within the territory. The spatial distribution of gangs influences the rivalries that develop within the area. One stochastic model and one deterministic model are proposed, providing different types of outputs. Both models incorporate important geographical features from the region that would inhibit movement, such as rivers and large highways. In the stochastic method, an agent-based model simulates the creation of street gang rivalries. The movement dynamics of agents are coupled to an evolving network of gang rivalries, which is determined by previous interactions among agents in the system. Basic gang data, geographic information, and behavioral dynamics suggested by the criminology literature are integrated into the model. The deterministic method, derived from a stochastic approach, modifies a system of partial differential equations from a model for coyotes. Territorial animals and street gangs often exhibit similar behavioral characteristics. Both groups have a home base and mark their territories to distinguish claimed regions. To analyze the two methods, the Hollenbeck policing division of the Los Angeles Police Department is used as a case study.
Screening and characterization of biosurfactant producers from petroleum hydrocarbon contaminated marine sources in North Atlantic Canada for oil spill responses

As one of the oil spill responses, oil dispersion was found effective in open sea and under harsh conditions. However, currently used chemical surfactant-based dispersants may harm the environment due to the toxicity and persistency. Thus novel, environmentally friendly biosurfactant-based dispersants are desired. Biosurfactants are less toxic, biodegradable, and can be biologically produced. Their establishment is impeded by a lack of economic and versatile products. Discovery of new biosurfactant producers is the key to overcome the obstacles. This dissertation will thus fill the research gap through screening and characterization of biosurfactant producing microorganisms from petroleum hydrocarbon contaminated marine sources in the North Atlantic Canada. Fifty-five biosurfactant producers belong to 8 genera were isolated. Some of the isolated strains were found with properties such as greatly reducing surface tension, stabilizing emulsion and producing flocculant. Three strains with interesting characteristics and limited relevant publications were selected for genetype and phenotype characterization. The strains, the products and the bioprocess can be of great value to both scientific understanding and the environmental applications in offshore oil spill responses.
Post-Earthquake Rapid Damage Assessment of Road Bridges in Glina County

In December 2020, a strong earthquake occurred in Northwestern Croatia with a magnitude of ML = 6.3. The epicenter of this earthquake was located in the town of Petrinja, about 50 km from Zagreb, and caused severe structural damage throughout Sisak-Moslavina county. One of the biggest problems after this earthquake was the structural condition of the bridges, especially since most of them had to be used immediately for demolition, rescue, and the transport of mobile housing units in the affected areas. Teams of civil engineers were quickly formed to assess the damage and structural viability of these bridges and take necessary actions to make them operational again. This paper presents the results of the rapid post-earthquake assessment for a total of eight bridges, all located in or around the city of Glina. For the assessment, a visual inspection was performed according to a previously established methodology. Although most of the inspected bridges were found to be deteriorated due to old age and lack of maintenance, very few of them showed serious damage from the earthquake, with only one bridge requiring immediate strengthening measures and use restrictions. These measurements are also presented in this paper.
Modeling atmospheric vegetation uptake of PBDEs and PAHs using field measurements

This thesis examines the accumulation of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in vegetation in order to develop an interpretative scheme to determine deposition velocities of semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOCs) onto vegetation. PBDEs are flame retardants used in a variety of consumables. Although relatively non-volatile, these compounds have been quantified around the world extending to otherwise pristine ecosystems providing empirical evidence for their long-range transport. However, modeling studies indicate that their long-range atmospheric transport (LRAT) potential is at best moderate. However, recent modeling studies have suggested that vegetation may play an important role in their global distribution. PAHs are also ubiquitous contaminants. These can be released through both natural and anthropogenic sources. Some are considered highly carcinogenic and their potential impact on human health may be due to their association to particulates. Although their environmental fate is perhaps better understood, the processes involved in surface-air exchange, particularly with vegetation, have not been well documented. Spruce needles and atmospheric (gaseous and particulate-bound) PBDE and PAH concentrations were monitored bi-weekly from February 2004 to June 2005 to examine potential weather-related and seasonal effects. An efficient extraction method for PBDEs from spruce needles was developed. Finally, using measured concentrations, surface-air exchange was considered and a modeling concept was developed to determine deposition velocities to vegetation.
Slow mass movement in the Kangchenjunga area, eastern Nepal Himalaya

Abstract The rates of the accumulated and continuous displacement of solifluction lobes in the Kangchenjunga area, eastern Nepal Himalaya, were determined using glass fiber tubes and a strain probe. Ground temperature, precipitation and soil moisture were monitored at two sites, whose altitude differed by approximately 100 m, to understand the solifluction process. The average movement rate of the glass fiber tubes on a 31° slope at altitudes of 5412–5414 m a.s. l. was approximately 11 mm/year, being almost threefold greater than that observed on a 22° slope at 5322–5325 ma.s. l. There was no significant difference in the depth of displacement at these sites. The continuous displacement measurement near the ground surface at 5414 m showed permanent downslope movement from early July. Such movement may be attributed to additional moisture supply during the monsoon season. The amplitude of the displacement cycle was highest at the ground surface, and decreased to virtually zero at and below 20 cm in depth. Probable factors leading to the relatively slow rates of downslope displacement at the surface and depth at the studied altitudes are the lack of concurrence of the freeze–thaw cycles and the high moisture condition in the soil, and the low moisture retention capacity of the soil because of steep slopes and superficial desiccation. The rate of displacement may be more pronounced at altitudes above 5600 m because of the freeze–thaw cycles during the summer season.
Water-pressure Coupling of Sliding and Bed Deformation: III. Application to Ice Stream B, Antarctica

Abstract Geophysical studies and glaciological analyses suggest strongly that Ice Stream B, West Antarctica, moves primarily by pervasive deformation of a meters thick subglacial till. Analysis of the longitudinal profile of the ice stream up-stream of the ice plain suggests that basal sliding is slow everywhere, that effective pressure decreases slowly down-stream, and that the strain-rate of pervasive shear is proportional to the basal shear stress and inversely proportional to the square or cube of the effective pressure. Discrete shearing may occur beneath the pervasively deforming zone. These and other hypotheses, which build on the analyses of the first two papers in this series, can be tested in the field.
The VLT-FLAMES Tarantula Survey IV: Candidates for isolated high-mass star formation in 30 Doradus

Whether massive stars (≳30 M⊙) can occasionally form in relative isolation (e.g. in clusters with M < 100 M⊙) or if they require a large cluster of lower-mass stars around them is a key test in the differentiation of star-formation theories as well as how the initial mass function of stars is sampled. Previous attempts to find O-type stars that formed in isolation were hindered by the possibility that such stars are merely runaways from clusters, i.e., their current isolation does not reflect their birth conditions. We introduce a new method to find O-type stars that are not affected by such a degeneracy. Using the VLT-FLAMES Tarantula Survey and additional high resolution imaging we have identified stars that satisfy the following constraints: 1) they are O-type stars that are not detected to be part of a binary system based on radial velocity (RV) time series analysis; 2) they are designated spectral type O7 or earlier; 3) their velocities are within 1σ of the mean of OB-type stars in the 30 Doradus region, i.e. they are not runaways along our line-of-sight; 4) the projected surface density of stars does not increase within 3 pc towards the O-star (no evidence for clusters); 5) their sight lines are associated with gaseous and/or dusty filaments in the interstellar medium (ISM); and 6) if a second candidate is found in the direction of the same filament with which the target is associated, both are required to have similar velocities. With these criteria, we have identified 15 stars in the 30 Doradus region, which are strong candidates for being high-mass stars that have formed in isolation. Additionally, we employed extensive Monte Carlo stellar cluster simulations to confirm that our results rule out the presence of clusters around the candidates. Eleven of these are classified as Vz stars, possibly associated with the zero-age main sequence. We include a newly discovered Wolf-Rayet star as a candidate, although it does not meet all of the above criteria.
Mediterranean Islands, Fragile Communities and Persistent Landscapes: Antikythera in Long-Term Perspective

© Andrew Bevan and James Conolly 2013. Mediterranean landscape ecology, island cultures and long-term human history have all emerged as major research agendas over the past half-century, engaging large swathes of the social and natural sciences. This book brings these traditions together in considering Antikythera, a tiny island perched on the edge of the Aegean and Ionian seas, over the full course of its human history from the Neolithic through the present day. Small islands are particularly interesting because their human, plant, and animal populations often experience abrupt demographic changes, including periods of near-complete abandonment and recolonization, and Antikythera proves to be one of the best-documented examples of these shifts over time. Small islands also play eccentric but revealing roles in wider social, economic, and political networks, serving as places for refugees, hunters, modern eco-tourists, political exiles, hermits, and pirates. Antikythera is a rare case of an island that has been investigated in its entirety from several systematic fieldwork and disciplinary perspectives, not least of which is an intensive archaeological survey. The authors use the resulting evidence to offer a unique vantage on settlement and land use histories.