Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
XCode: Towards Cross-Language Code Representation with Large-Scale Pre-Training

Source code representation learning is the basis of applying artificial intelligence to many software engineering tasks such as code clone detection, algorithm classification, and code summarization. Recently, many works have tried to improve the performance of source code representation from various perspectives, e.g., introducing the structural information of programs into latent representation. However, when dealing with rapidly expanded unlabeled cross-language source code datasets from the Internet, there are still two issues. Firstly, deep learning models for many code-specific tasks still suffer from the lack of high-quality labels. Secondly, the structural differences among programming languages make it more difficult to process multiple languages in a single neural architecture. To address these issues, in this article, we propose a novel Cross-language Code representation with a large-scale pre-training (XCode) method. Concretely, we propose to use several abstract syntax trees and ELMo-enhanced variational autoencoders to obtain multiple pre-trained source code language models trained on about 1.5 million code snippets. To fully utilize the knowledge across programming languages, we further propose a Shared Encoder-Decoder (SED) architecture which uses the multi-teacher single-student method to transfer knowledge from the aforementioned pre-trained models to the distilled SED. The pre-trained models and SED will cooperate to better represent the source code. For evaluation, we examine our approach on three typical downstream cross-language tasks, i.e., source code translation, code clone detection, and code-to-code search, on a real-world dataset composed of programming exercises with multiple solutions. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed approach on cross-language code representations. Meanwhile, our approach performs significantly better than several code representation baselines on different downstream tasks in terms of multiple automatic evaluation metrics.
Detection of Coxiella burnetii in raw milk samples collected from dairy farms in Mazandaran province, north of Iran

Query fever is an important zoonotic disease caused by the obligate intracellular microorganism of Coxiella burnetii. Moreover, the present study aimed to determine the prevalence of C. burnetii in bulk milk samples from dairy bovine herds using a nested polymerase chain reaction assay. During four seasons, a total of 100 samples of bulk milk from traditional, semi-industrial, and industrial dairy bovine herds located in six cities of Mazandaran province, northern Iran from May 2019 to February 2020 were collected. The samples were subjected to detect C. burnetii using a nested-PCR assay. Twenty - seven out of 100 bulk milk samples (27%, 95% CI: 18.3-35), 7% were infected with C. burnetii. The prevalence was 54.3% (19 samples) in traditional dairy herds and 12.3 % (8 samples) in semi-industrial industrial dairy herds. Furthermore, our results revealed that the chance of milk being infected with C. burnetii bacteria in traditional milk is 8.5 times higher than the milk of semi-industrial and industrial dairy herds. Based on the obtained results of the current study, the highest and lowest prevalence of C. burnetii were seen in Ghaemshar (66.7%) and Babol (0%), respectively (p<0.05). Spring season (37%) had the highest contamination of C. burnetii in bulk milk samples. According to the findings of this study, the clinically healthy dairy cows are important sources of C. burnetii infection in this area, amplified by the traditional herds of these animals. Because these animals can transmit the infection to humans, this common zoonotic bacterium can be a potential health problem in Mazandaran province, Northern Iran.
Simulation of Hydraulic Fracture Propagation Interacted with Natural Fractures

ii Acknowledgements . iv List of Figures . ix List of Tables . xvi Nomenclature . xvii Publications related to this thesis . xx Chapter 1 Introduction . 1 1.1. Objective of the study . 5 1.2. Significance of this research . 6 1.3. Outline of Thesis . 7 Chapter 2 Mechanics of Hydraulic Fracture Initiation, Propagation and Interaction with Natural Fracture . 1 2.1. Initiation and Breakdown Pressure . 2 2.2. Interaction Mechanism of Hydraulic and Natural Fracture . 20 Chapter 3 Simulation of Rock’s Mechanical Properties . 33 3.1. Introduction to Discrete Element Method, Distinct Element Method (DEM) and PFC2D . 33 3.2. Simulating Rocks in PFC2D . 37 Chapter 4 Simulation of Fluid Flow using DEM . 42 4.1. Distinct Element Method Fluid Flow . 43 4.2. Analytical Methods . 53 4.2.1. Linear Fluid Flow Condition . 53 4.2.2. Radial fluid flow . 60 4.3. Comparison of Numerical and Analytical Models . 68 4.3.1. Linear Fluid Flow with Constant Boundary Pressures . 68 4.3.2. Radial Fluid Flow . 73
High Temperature Processing of Milk and Milk Products

Resume de l'editeur : This book covers many aspects of thermal processing of milk and milk products with particular focus on UHT processing. It commences with an overview of the major thermal processing technologies: thermisation, pasteurisation, extended-shelf-life (ESL), UHT and in-container sterilisation. It discusses the principles of the technologies, the processing and packaging equipment used, processing issues such as temperature-time profiles, heat stability, fouling and cleaning, and the quality and safety aspects of the products produced. It provides a balance of the engineering aspects of the processes and the chemical, microbiological and sensory aspects of the products. The changes that occur in products during processing and storage, and the related defects which can arise, are central to the book. The discussions of these changes will be an aid to industry personnel in identifying the causes of quality defects in these products and devising measures which can be taken to eliminate or minimise the defects.
Fabrication and Phase Behavior of Thermo- and/or pH-Responsive Polymer-Grafted SiO2 Nanoparticles

Three series of thermo- and/or pH-responsive polymer-grafted SiO2 nanoparticles, SiO2-graft-poly(oligo(ethylene glycol) methacrylate) (SiO2-g-POEGMA), SiO2-graft-poly(acrylic acid) (SiO2-g-PAA) and SiO2-graft-poly(oligo(ethylene glycol) methacrylate-state-acrylic acid (SiO2-g-P(OEGMA-stat-AA)), were prepared by grafting POEGMA and/or PAA onto the surface of silica nanoparticles through the surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization (SI-ATRP). The lower critical solution temperature (LCST) of SiO2-g-POEGMA (MOEGMA = 300 g/mol) was found to be 64 °C. For SiO2-g-PAA nanoparticles, at the pH range from 8 to 12, the hydrodynamic diameter of the nanoparticles increases with increasing pH, and the zeta potential of SiO2-g-PAA nanoparticles is negatively charged and decreases with increasing pH. Owing to the thermo- and pH-responsive, the hydrodynamic diameters of SiO2-g-P(OEGMA-stat-AA) nanoparticles increase with the increasing pH, and the LCSTs of those nanoparticles increase with the increase of POEGMA content.
Genistein Alleviates High-Fat Diet-Induced Obesity by Inhibiting the Process of Gluconeogenesis in Mice

Genistein is an isoflavone phytoestrogen that has been shown to improve obesity; however, the underlying molecular mechanisms involved therein have not been clearly elucidated. In this study, we administered genistein to high-fat diet-induced obese mice to investigate its effect on hepatic gluconeogenesis. The results showed that genistein treatment significantly inhibited body weight gain, hyperglycemia, and adipose and hepatic lipid deposition in high-fat diet-induced obese mice. Glucose tolerance test (GTT), insulin tolerance test (ITT) and pyruvate tolerance test (PTT) showed that genistein treatment significantly inhibited gluconeogenesis and improved insulin resistance in obese mice. In addition, this study also found that genistein could promote the expression of miR-451 in vitro and in vivo, and the dual-luciferase reporter system showed that G6pc (glucose-6-phosphatase) may be a target gene of miR-451. Both genistein treatment and in vivo injection of miR-451 agomir significantly inhibited gluconeogenesis and inhibited the expression of G6pc and Gk (glycerol kinase, a known target gene of miR-451). In conclusion, genistein may inhibit gluconeogenesis in obese mice by regulating the expression of Gk and G6pc through miR-451. These results may provide insights into the functions of miR-451 and food-derived phytoestrogens in ameliorating and preventing gluconeogenesis-related diseases.
Non-parametric Estimation of Habitual Brand Loyalty

US companies spend billions on point-of-sale promotions that have prompted decades of research devoted to their rationalization as a response to dynamic habitual brand loyalty (HBL) in consumer behaior. We propose a nonparametric test for HBL using a “dynamic potential outcomes” model that resovles the classic identification challenge of decoupling state dependence and unobserved heterogeneity. We then propose a semi-parametric test for forward-looking behavior to assess whether consumers rationally plan their HBL. Case studies of several large consumer packaged goods categories reveal non-trivial extent of HBL in consumers’ brand choices. We also find semi-parametric evidence for forward-looking consumer behavior and strongly reject the usual parametric static discrete-choice model in favor of the dynamic discrete-choice model with a freely-varying discount factor. The longrun price elasticities from a dynamic discrete-choice model are found to be considerably larger in magnitude than those from a model with myopic choices, with substitution patterns often more than 1000% higher in magnitude. ∗Authors contributed equally and names are listed in reverse alphabetical order. E-mail: xinyao.kong@chicagobooth.edu, jean-pierre.dube@chicagobooth.edu. We thank IRI for providing the IRI Academic Database. The opinions expressed in this paper do not reflect those of the data providers. We are extremely grateful to Alex Torgovitsky for comments feedback. We are also grateful to the comments and suggestion of Avner Shlain and seminar participants at the Booth School of Business, the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, the University of Michigan, the European Virtual Quantitative Marketing Seminar, and the Virtual Quantitative Marketing Seminar. Dubé acknowledges research support from the Kilts Center for Marketing and the Charles E. Merrill faculty research fund.
Liquid Science and Digital Transformation: How Knowledge between Researchers Flows in Their Scientific Networks

Purpose: The purpose of this article is to explore how information and communication technologies have affected the way in which research groups are connected in their professional setting. It also analyses the techniques of interaction and cooperation of research groups, the exploration of information and the gateway to information, as well as the main tendencies and variations that researchers have observed during the last years. Design/methodology/approach: A survey was proposed to 305 scholars from different areas observing 159 variable responses. In order to complement and correctly interpret the information gathered within the survey, selected researchers were interviewed, and some of their opinions are reported in this work. Findings: Researchers see how their scientific networks expand thanks to digital tools, establishing professional relationships with other researchers. Moreover, researchers want to increase the amount of their scientific collaboration but they also need analogical meetings with others researchers, where face-to-face relations can accomplish the lack of this in digital communication. Originality: The dominance of tools used in scientific network activity is mixed, composed of analogical and digital ones. Researchers recognize the primary role assumed by digital practices in their work, increasing the quantity and the quality of it thanks to the efficiency and the access to information from different parts of the world. Social implication: Digital transformation has modified the research practices of researchers, from communication among them to the management of data. This new context of professional relations opens innovative implications and approaches for sharing knowledge between researchers and international collaborations.
Exploring Short and Efficient Synthetic Routes Using Titanocene(III)-Catalyzed Reactions: Total Synthesis of Natural Meroterpenes with Trisubstituted Unsaturations

The stereo- and regioselective total syntheses of OMe derivatives of the scarce bioactive meroterpenoids makassaric acid (1) and fascioquinol B (2) have been accomplished. The synthetic sequences are based on the following three efficient and selective catalytic reactions: Cu-catalyzed addition of Grignard compounds to an epoxide; a regioselective Barbier-type reaction, catalyzed by Cp2TiCl; and regio- and stereoselective bioinspired cyclization, also catalyzed by Cp2TiCl. These three key processes allow us to obtain the main skeletons of 1 and 2 in a few steps. The valuable synthetic proposal shown in this work provides fast access to scarce, structurally complex meroterpenes with promising biological activities, which are a sustainable source for later studies and applications in medicine.
A Preferred Road to Mental Restoration in the Chinese Classical Garden

The impact that classical gardens have on the well-being and quality of life of visitors, especially city dwellers, is an important topic. Scholars have previously focused on landscape aspects, such as water bodies, plants, rocks, chairs, pavilions, and public squares, in various green spaces but have overlooked the road settings that visitors walk on. This study used the Du Fu Thatched Cottage Museum as the subject region and employed a convenience sampling method (n = 730) to analyze the preference and mental restoration of different road settings of Chinese classical gardens. According to the findings, the majority of visitors felt that the road settings in these classical gardens provided psychological recovery, and half of the roads received a preference score of five or above. The regression results indicated that nature, culture, space, refuge, and serene were found to be important predictive dimensions for both mental restoration and preference. Furthermore, this study divides landscape elements in road settings into two major categories (natural and artificial elements) and eight subcategories (trees, shrubs, lawns, roads, fences, walls, decorations, and buildings) to investigate the relationship between various types of specific road setting elements and visitors’ perceived preferences as well as restorability. The correlation results showed that in terms of preference, tree > lawn > path > fence > shrub > wall; in terms of restoration, tree > lawn > shrub > fence > path > decoration > building > wall. Overall, the findings of this research can improve visitor preferences and restoration in a given environmental setting, resulting in a more enjoyable experience.
Kerosene from hydrocracking for JET fuel with reduced aromatic content

Abstract Kerosene from the hydrocracking is commonly used to produce JET fuel. Depending on the deactivation of the catalyst, the aromatic content of such kerosene increases to a level where it can no longer be used for JET fuel production. The objective of this study was to determine whether the aromatic content of kerosene from hydrocracking can be reduced under the conditions used for hydrotreating straight-run middle distillates. The kerosene obtained from a real hydrocracker unit was investigated in a laboratory fixed-bed unit packed with a Ni-Mo/Al2O3 catalyst. Aromatics content was analyzed utilizing ASTM D6379 (HPLC). As a result of the hydrogenation, the aromatic content was reduced from 22.6 to 14.5 wt. % (3 MPa) and 3.0 wt. % (6 MPa). The product contained 60–70 wt. % cycloalkanes. The smoke point was improved by 3.3 mm (3 MPa) up to 9.7 mm (6 MPa), and the cetane index by 1.1 or 3.9 units, respectively. The (H/C)at ratio in kerosene increased from 1.89 to 1.98. Furthermore, no significant cracking occurred during the hydrogenation. Overall, we demonstrate that the aromatic content of such kerosene can be very well controlled by downstream hydrogenation under conditions common in oil refineries for the desulfurization of middle distillates.
CAR-T Cells for the Treatment of Lung Cancer

Adoptive cell therapy with genetically modified T lymphocytes that express chimeric antigen receptors (CAR-T) is one of the most promising advanced therapies for the treatment of cancer, with unprecedented outcomes in hematological malignancies. However, the efficacy of CAR-T cells in solid tumors is still very unsatisfactory, because of the strong immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment that hinders immune responses. The development of next-generation personalized CAR-T cells against solid tumors is a clinical necessity. The identification of therapeutic targets for new CAR-T therapies to increase the efficacy, survival, persistence, and safety in solid tumors remains a critical frontier in cancer immunotherapy. Here, we summarize basic, translational, and clinical results of CAR-T cell immunotherapies in lung cancer, from their molecular engineering and mechanistic studies to preclinical and clinical development.
Assessing the Potential Impacts of Urban Expansion on Hydrological Ecosystem Services in a Rapidly Urbanizing Lake Basin in China

Hydrological ecosystem services (HESs) such as water purification and water supply are important for providing other ecosystem services such as drinking water, recreation, and human health. Land use change caused by urbanization is a direct driver affecting the provision of HESs. The quantification and integration of HES into watershed management and urban planning have become increasingly important. In this study, we highlighted an integration of the InVEST and CLUE-S models to simulate and predict future changes of HES in a rapidly urbanizing lake basin, namely the Nansihu Lake basin of China. The spatiotemporal patterns of HESs including water yield, water purification, and sediment export in the past five decades (from 1980 to 2015) have been revealed through our integrated modeling approach. Furthermore, urbanization and land use change scenarios till 2030 were developed using land use, topography, climate, and soil data. It is found that due to the rapid expansion of urban land, water yield, total nitrogen (TN), and total phosphorus (TP) export has increased by 5.5%, 7.38%, and 7.02%, respectively, while the sediment export has decreased by 4%. As a result, the risks of flooding and water quality degradation increased. Under a hybrid ecological and farmland redline policy (EFRP) scenario, the HESs have all been significantly improved compared to the level in 2015. This research can help to predict the future changes in HESs for land use management and ecological and environmental protection in the Nansihu Lake basin.
Tuning the Electronic and Optical Properties of the Novel Monolayer Noble-Transition-Metal Dichalcogenides Semiconductor β-AuSe via Strain: A Computational Investigation

The strain-controlled structural, electronic, and optical characteristics of monolayer β-AuSe are systematically studied using first-principles calculations in this paper. For the strain-free monolayer β-AuSe, the structure is dynamically stable and maintains good stability at room temperature. It belongs to the indirect band gap semiconductor, and its valence band maximum (VBM) and conduction band minimum (CBM) consist of hybrid Au-d and Se-p electrons. Au–Se is a partial ionic bond and a partial polarized covalent bond. Meanwhile, lone-pair electrons exist around Se and are located between different layers. Moreover, its optical properties are anisotropic. As for the strained monolayer β-AuSe, it is susceptible to deformation by uniaxial tensile strain. It remains the semiconductor when applying different strains within an extensive range; however, only the biaxial compressive strain is beyond −12%, leading to a semiconductor–semimetal transition. Furthermore, it can maintain relatively stable optical properties under a high strain rate, whereas the change in optical properties is unpredictable when applying different strains. Finally, we suggest that the excellent carrier transport properties of the strain-free monolayer β-AuSe and the stable electronic properties of the strained monolayer β-AuSe originate from the p–d hybridization effect. Therefore, we predict that monolayer β-AuSe is a promising flexible semiconductive photoelectric material in the high-efficiency nano-electronic and nano-optoelectronic fields.
Forage yield of Gliricidia sepium as affected by harvest heigh and frequency in Yucatan, Mexico Efecto de la altura y frecuencia de corte sobre la producción forrajera de Gliricidia sepium en Yucatán, México

Reducing the negative effects of fluctuations in quantity and nutritional quality of tropical forages on animal production is a challenge for production systems. The use of trees with good production and high nutritional quality could improve animal behavior. Forage production and quality of Gliricidia sepium were evaluated in a two year-old feed bank. A completely randomized design with factorial arrangement with two cutting heights (0.45 and 0.90 m) and three cut off frequencies (45, 60 and 75 days), and four replicates per treatment (experimental plots) was used. No significant differences ( p>0.05) were observed in the production and forage components to any evaluated cutting height. Production and forage components were not affected (p>0.05) by the cutoff frequency of 45 and 75 days, with yields of 2.46 and 2.26 t ha-1, respectively; forage production increased (p 0.05). According to the conditions of this study, it was concluded that forage production of G. sepium may increase through the management of the cutoff frequency (60 days) and 0.45 or 0.90 m cutting height.
Impact of psychological and physical load on the decision-making of top-class handball referees

ABSTRACT Referees are challenged for accurate decision-making under physical and psychological load. However, erroneous decision-making can lead referees to repeatedly negatively think about the error, i.e. they begin to ruminate. Previous studies focused on the relationship between decision-making and either physical or psychological load. Here, we examined the combined impact of physical and psychological load on top-class handball referees’ decision-making. N = 73 referees performed the Yo-Yo Test for Referees combined with psychological load induced through instantaneous feedback on the decisions to activate the referees’ rumination-trait, i.e. to test if low and high ruminating referees respond differently to load and feedback. Results indicate no effects of physical load on decision accuracy (i.e. foul vs. no foul), but referees’ reasonings accuracy (i.e. type of foul, punishment) decreased under medium external load. Moreover, low and high ruminating referees did statistically not differ in decision and reasoning accuracy. Results indicate that physical load may not affect decisions, but might affect reasonings. Thus, subsequent studies should incorporate decisions and reasonings in handball referees, especially against the background of referee’s development. For practitioners, the Yo-Yo Test for Referees seems a beneficial tool through the combination of physical likewise psychological load and a rule test in handball.