Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Surgical Approach of Open Reduction and Internal Fixation for Proximal Humeral Fracture in the Elderly

Background: The incidence of proximal humeral fracture is increasing gradually. Many patients choose open reduction and internal fixation. With the maturity of surgical technology and thought, people begin to think about the optimization of surgical effect from the surgical incision, including less trauma, less bleeding, less postoperative complications and fast postoperative recovery. However, due to the complexity of shoulder anatomy, scholars have created different surgical approaches from different perspectives. Objective: Although the effect of open reduction and internal fixation is confirmed, there are still some differences in the effect of different surgical approaches. We need to study the summary and research progress of surgical approach for proximal humeral fracture, which is conducive to the selection of the optimal approach for incision, so as to improve the prognosis. Method: Selective literature review. Result: At present, common surgical approaches include lateral approach, anteromedial approach, anterolateral approach, small incision approach and other approaches. This paper describes and compares the advantages and disadvantages of each approach, so as to choose the best approach for different fracture types. Conclusion: Based on the complexity of the anatomical relationship of the shoulder joint, the displacement, classification of the fracture, the proximal humerus are opened and exposed from different perspectives. Choosing a safe surgical approach is one of the key links of the whole operation and plays an important role in the postoperative effect. In this paper, the common approaches and new approaches of open reduction and internal fixation for proximal humeral fracture are reviewed, which provides new ideas for the design of surgical scheme.
Violence on Many Sides: Framing Effects on Protest and Support for Repression

Abstract The success of protests depends on whether they favorably affect public opinion: nonviolent resistance can win public support for a movement, but regimes counter by framing protest as violent and instigated by outsiders. The authors argue that public perceptions of whether a protest is violent shift based on the framing of the types of action and the identities of participants in those actions. The article distinguishes between three dimensions: (1) threat of harm, (2) bearing of arms and (3) identity of protesters. Using survey experiments in Israel and the United States, the study finds support for framing effects. Threat of harm has the largest positive effect on perceptions of violence and support for repression. Surprisingly, social out-groups are not perceived as more violent, but respondents favor repressing them anyway. Support for repressing a nonthreatening out-group is at least as large as support for repressing a threatening in-group. The findings link contentious action and public opinion, and demonstrate the susceptibility of this link to framing.
Congenital heart disease in a cohort of Sudanese patients with cleft defects

Background and objectives:Cleft defects are among the most visible congenital defects worldwide and congenital heart disease (CHD)being one of the most common associated anomalies. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of CHDamong a cohort of Sudanese patients with cleft lip and/or palate.Patients and Methods:All patients who presented to Soba University Hospital with cleft lip and/or palate from March 2009 toMarch 2015 were included.Results:Out of 381 patients included; 168 patients (44%) had cleft lip and palate (CLP), 156 (41%) had cleft lip (CL)and isolated cleft palate (CP) was found in 57 patients (15%). Facial dysmorphic features were identifiedin 57 (15%) and cardiac defects in 42 (11%) patients. Ventricular septal defect (VSD) was diagnosed in 16patients (38%), and ASD in 12 (30.9%). Other macroscopic anomalies were identified in 57 patients (15%)and were associated with CHD (P<0.001). Significant association was found between the type of cleft andCHD (P<0.002), as cardiac defects were maximally observed among CP cases (21%) followed by CLPcases (13%) then CL cases (5.12%). Significant association was also found between facial dysmorphicoccurrence and CHD (P < 0.001). Conclusion:CHD is a common anomaly in cleft population. The pattern of CHD is consistent with the literature withVSD being the most frequent. The cardiac defects are most prevalent in CP group. Echocardiography isjustified for screening of CHD due to the relatively higher incidence of CHD among clefts patients than ingeneral population
APPLICATION OF THE AI CHI METHOD IN REHABILITATION – STATE OF THE ART BASED ON A REVIEW OF LITERATURE ZASTOSOWANIE METODY AI CHI W REHABILITACJI – STAN WIEDZY OPARTY NA PRZEGLĄDZIE LITERATURY

Date received: 9th September 2019 Date accepted: 3rd December 2019 Authors reported no source of funding Authors declared no conflict of interest Author responsible for correspondence: Piotr Poniewierski Department and Clinic of Rheumatology and Rehabilitation Poznan University of Medical Sciences 28 Czerwca 1956 No 135/147 61-545 Poznań, Poland piotrponiewierski@wp.pl Issue Rehabil. Orthop. Neurophysiol. Sport Promot. 2019; 28: 39–50
EFFECT OF GRADED LEVELS OF FERMENTED MANGO (Mangifera spp) KERNEL COMPOSITE MEAL ON THE SEROLOGICAL PARAMETERS OF LAYING JAPANESE QUAILS (Coturnix coturnix japonica)

An experiment was conducted using one hundred and nine five (195) unsexed laying Japanese quails of about two weeks old to investigate the effect of graded levels of fermented mango kernel composite meal (FMKCM) on the health status of quails. The results for serum biochemical composition showed that serum sodium (Na + ), serum chloride (Cl ), serum bicarbonate (HCO 3 ), serum creatinine; ALT, AST and Total Bilirubin were within normal reference ranges. However serum potassium rose slightly above the normal references range. It is concluded that FMKCM could replace maize up to 25% without any nutritional disorder, as the parameter that was not within the normal reference range did not follow a regular pattern and these observation were applicable to the control experiment as well, revealing that diets would not have accounted for these irregularities.
Modeling child labor migration and schooling choices in rural Benin: Incentive, constraint or agency? A multinomial logistic regression

What makes families decide to send their children to work away from the household and home community? This question has rarely been considered in empirical studies of the child labor choice, in spite of this being a very common outcome for rural children in West Africa. Demographic surveys show that the share of 10-14-year-olds living in households other than their parental one varies from 13 percent in Niger to 24 percent in Togo and Ghana (see appendix 1). Most of these children are not in school. In addition, many working children live in dwellings unlikely to be sampled by household surveys, or simply in the street.
UNCTAD Research Paper No. 24-Solidarity and the South: Supporting the new landscape of long-term development finance

This paper is structured in five sections. Part 1 introduces the many recent innovations in Southern-led development finance and their potential benefits, tempered with a reminder of lessons learned about the support these new institutions will need in the future. Part 2 charts the new landscape of development finance, identifying Southern-led and global mechanisms and resources that now potentially offer trillions of dollars’ worth of support through foreign reserves, national development banks and sovereign wealth funds, southern regional banks and funds, plus the global multilateral World Bank and regional banks. It shows that the centre of gravity of development finance has moved firmly southwards. Part 3 assesses the extent to which the changes in bank ownership, mandates and governance means Southern-led banks are ‘doing things differently’, with respect to conditionality, scale and speed of loans. Amid these potentially positive developments, Part 4 warns that some things are not that different after all – including long-standing regional imbalances, the continued power of Credit Rating Agencies, and concerns about concessional lending. Part 5 concludes by suggesting how the development community can better support the new and expanded southern banks and funds, to build on their strengths and address their limitations.
Diagnostic causal reasoning

Rational theories of diagnostic reasoning assume that the reasoner’s goal is to infer the conditional probability of a cause given an effect from the available data. Typically, diagnostic reasoning is modeled within a statistical inference framework, with Bayes’ rule applied to the obtained covariation information serving as the normative standard. This chapter analyzes diagnostic reasoning from the perspective of causal induction, using the framework of causal Bayes net theory to instantiate different accounts of rational diagnostic reasoning. These approaches elucidate the relevant kinds of inputs, computations, and outputs by differentiating between parametric causal models and observable contingency information. A particularly interesting feature of these accounts is that they can include predictions that systematically deviate from the traditional, purely statistical norm. The analyses highlight key issues for constructing a rational theory of diagnostic reasoning and the experimental study of human rationality.
MANUFACTURING AND TESTING OF NANOCOMPOSITES WITH CARBON NANOTUBES AND NANOPARTICLES

Specific manufacturing technologies were applied for the fabrication of epoxy-based nanocomposites with multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWNT) and nanoparticles (silica and alumina). For dispersing the fillers in the epoxy resin special equipment such as a shear mixer and a high energy sonicator with temperature control were used. The considered filling fraction were, in most cases, 0.1, 0.3 and 0.5 wt%. For MWNT and alumina nanoparticles a higher weight percentage of 3 wt% was also considered. The nanocomposites were subjected to monotonic uniaxial and fracture toughness testing using standardized traction and single-edge notched (SEN) specimens, respectively. SEM analyses were performed to study the fracture surfaces and the effect of fillers on crack propagation. Digital image correlation (DIC) performed using an ARAMIS system made possible the detailed observation of the entire length of each specimen during testing. Only an adequate dispersion of fillers may lead to an increase of the strength and fracture toughness. It was observed that the nanotubes increase the toughness through a crack bridging mechanism which is well-known in the case of standard composites with fibres of μm and mm dimensions.
Outbreaks of pneumonia in beef calves associated with bovine viral diarrhea virus seroconversion and other respiratory pathogens

The present study describes the clinical, serological and bacteriolological findings in calves from two beef herds experiencing outbreaks of pneumonia. The clinical signs were nasal discharge, cough, pyrexia and increased respiratory rates. The morbidity and mortality rates over a month period were 40.72% and 15.63% respectively. Laboratory investigations revealed that bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) was involved in and probably initiated both outbreaks as indicated by a significant increase in antibody titers against BVDV in sera of convalescent calves (paired serum samples). No antibodies bovine herpesvirus-1 (BHV-1), bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV) and parainfluenza-3 (BPIV-3) viruses were detected in both acute and convalescent sera. Mycoplasma bovis was concurrently demonstrated in lungs of affected calves as it was isolated from 13 (81.25%) of examined lungs suggesting that there may be a synergism between bovine viral diarrhea virus and Mycoplasma bovis in the pathogenesis of pneumonia. A total of 15 (68.18%) isolates of Mannheimia haemolytica, 5 (22.73%) Pasteurella multocida, 1 (4.54%) Pseudomonase aerugenosa, 3 (13.64%) Staphylococcus aureus, 3 (13.64%) Actinomycis pyogenes, 1 (4.54%) Klebsiella pneumonae, 1 (4.54%) Streptococcus pneumonae, 2 (9.09%) E. coli and 2 (9.09%) Aspergellus fumigatus were recovered from lungs of calves suffering from pneumonia.
Morbidity and Mortality Profile of Newborns Admitted to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit of a Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital of Assam

Introduction: India contributes to one-fifth of global live births and more than a quarter of neonatal deaths [1] . Neonatal mortality is one of the very important indicators, which reflect a country’s development. It is of utmost importance to analyse the spectrum of neonatal diseases and the causes of mortality, which in turn will help in formulating strategies for control of neonatal mortality. Objective: To study the morbidity and mortality profile of neonates admitted in Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU). Methodology: A retrospective observational study was done in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) to identify the main causes of neonatal morbidity and mortality of admitted neonates over a period of three years from January 2016 to December 2018. Results: A total of 11,654 neonates were admitted in the NICU during the study period, 60.5% were in the Inborn and 39.5% were in the Outborn. 47.7% of total admissions in our NICU were LBW. The major causes of admission to NICU were observed to be jaundice, RDS, sepsis, Birth asphyxia and Meconium aspiration syndrome. NICU mortality during the study period was found to be 12.37%. Birth asphyxia, sepsis, RDS and MAS were found to be the main contributors of mortality in our NICU. Conclusion: This study identifies Birth asphyxia as the most important cause of mortality. Outcomes of this study can be utilized in planning and modifying existing health care services for improved care of the newborn.
Evaluation of efficacy and toxicity of anthracycline plus cyclophosphamide every three weeks followed by weekly paclitaxel: The Izmır Oncology Group (IZOG) Study Üç haftada bir antrasiklin ve siklofosfamidi takiben haftalık paklitaksel rejiminin etkinlik ve toksisitesinin değerlendirilmesi: Izmir

INTRODUCTION: Dose-dense chemotherapy (AC Q2×4→P Q2×4) is widely used in the adjuvant treatment of high-risk breast cancer patients. However, there is no direct comparison of dose-dense chemotherapy consisting of anthracycline plus cyclophosphamide every three weeks followed by weekly paclitaxel (AC Q3 × 4 → P W × 12) regimen. Moreover, when weekly paclitaxel is added to anthracycline plus cyclophosphamide, it is unknown whether or not dose-dense AC (AC Q2×4) is superior to conventional AC (AC Q3×4). The study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and toxicity of AC Q3 × 4 → P W × 12 regimen. METHODS: Patients diagnosed with breast cancer from 2013 to 2016 were retrospectively evaluated. The study included women who had histologically-involved lymph nodes (tumor stage T1, T2, or T3 and nodal stage N1, N2, or N3) or high-risk, axillary node-negative disease (T2 or T3, N0) without distant metastases. RESULTS: This study included 150 patients with breast cancer. After a median follow up period of 31 months, 13 patients had developed distant metastases and 6 patients had died. The estimated 5-year disease-free survival and overall survival rates were 88.4% and 92%, respectively. Severe neutropenia (grade 3, 4) occurred in 38.6%of the patients whereas no severe cardiotoxicity was observed. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: AC Q3 × 4 → P W × 12 regimen is well-tolerated and effective in patients with node-positive or high-risk node-negative early-stage breast cancer.
Evaluation of Transvaginal Bilateral Uterine Artery Ligation as A Conservative Treatment for Refractory Menorrhagia

Background: Excessive menstrual loss, or menorrhagia, is a significant health care problem in the developed world. Surgical management had been the standard of treatment in menorrhagia due to organic causes (eg, fibroids) or when medical therapy fails to alleviate symptoms. A number of minimally invasive treatment options are now available, but the final consensus on the best treatment modality is still to be determined. The novel operation of bilateral uterine artery ligation (BUAL operation) as an alternative to hysterectomy seems to be a promising treatment of both menorrhagia and most of the associated uterine pathology. Our objective: was to determine the feasibility of transvaginal bilateral uterine artery ligation as a conservative minimally invasive treatment for refractory menorrhagia. Methods: The study included 50 women of gynecology outpatient department of Damietta university hospital (Al-Azhar University) attendants with refractory menorrhagia; where other types of therapy as medical and hormonal had failed to control the bleeding. For all cases; pre and post-procedural clinical assessment and ultrasound Doppler study were done to evaluate the changes. Results: At 12 months postoperative, there was a statistically significant decrease in the following measured outcomes: menstrual blood loss (84%); dysmenorrhea (85.7%); dyspareunia (33.3%); uterine volume (30.1%). Conclusion: Transvaginal bilateral uterine artery ligation(VBUAL) was found to be a safe, efficacious, feasible, cost-effective procedure with good patient satisfaction rates with a conservative approach for treating refractory menorrhagia. [Refaat I. Alsheemy, Samia M. Eid and AbdElrahman S. Evaluation of Transvaginal Bilateral Uterine Artery Ligation as A Conservative Treatment for Refractory Menorrhagia. J Am Sci 2015;11(3):91-98]. (ISSN: 15451003). http://www.jofamericanscience. org. 12
E-Marketplace Acceptance of MSMEs in Bali Based on Performance Expectancy and Task Technology Fit

Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) plays an important role in a country's economic growth especially in those developing countries. Nonetheless for this industry to continue grow and sustain, entrepreneurs need to be actively involved in e-marketplace as many consumers now prefer to do online purchases or transactions since it is convenient. Thus, this paper aimed to study the e-marketplace acceptance in terms of performance expectancy and task technology fit by the entrepreneurs in selected provinces of Bali. The questionnaire of this study was distributed among 100 entrepreneurs from Gianyar, Denpasar and Badung. Data from the questionnaire were analyzed using and IBM SPSS software and SmartPLS software. Analysis of the results showed that performance expectancy had positive influence towards the entrepreneurs' intention in adopting e-marketplace with p = 0.010 and t-statistic = 2.617. However, there was no significant impact of task technology fit towards acceptance of e-marketplace by the entrepreneurs with p = 0.234 and t-statistic = 1.197.
UvA-DARE ( Digital Academic Repository ) When X-rays and oxide heterointerfaces collide

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Designing Policies to Green Road Transportation

 Only a set of complementary policies can address traffic externalities. There is no silver bullet.  The prevailing set of policies places too much emphasis on fuel efficiency and too little on curbing mileage.  Fuel taxes and road pricing strongly affect driving.  Progressive tax credits at the point of purchase can help overcome barriers in electric vehicle adoption.  Recycling revenues from fuel and road pricing for public transport multiplies the impact of policies.
Stock discrimination of the European eel A. anguilla in Lithuania waterbodies by otolith Sr:Ca ratios and other elemental signatures. ICES CM 2006/J:18

Glass eels purchased in the UK and France have been directly released into Lithuanian inland waters and mixed with naturally recruited eels for several decades. The study aimed to discriminate between both stocked and naturally recruited eels, to evaluate the contribution and interaction of the two possible eel origins to each population of studied sites. To distinguish the restocked eels from naturally recruited ones and to understand the migratory environmental history of the eel, Sr:Ca ratio in otolith were examined by wavelength dispersive X-ray spectrometry with an electron probe microanalyzer; laser-ablation ICPMS was used for Na:Ca, Mg:Ca, Mn:Ca and Ba:Ca analyses, to distinguish between eels from the freshwater lagoon and lake. The eels were sampled from the brackish Baltic Sea, a freshwater Curonian lagoon and inland lake in the eastern part of the country. Stocked eels were identified by the freshwater signature (Sr:Ca <2.24×10) on the otolith after the glass eel stage. Naturally recruited eels were characterized by an extended sea/brackish water signature (Sr:Ca >3.23×10) after the glass eel stage. Stocked eels accounted for 20% of the eels from the Curonian Lagoon and 2% of eels sampled in Baltic coastal waters, while all eels from the inland lake were of stocked origin. One-way ANOVA tests indicated that both Ba:Ca and Na:Ca ratios in eel otoliths were significantly higher for the eels in the lagoon than those of the lake (p<0.05) and enables correctly assign 83% of the eels to their freshwater sampling locations, however, otolith Mg:Ca and Mn:Ca ratios were similar for eels from the two environments.
COPD_A_214389 1943..1950

Ibrahim Dwedar Dina Ruby Aya Mostafa 1Department of Chest, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt; 2Department of Community, Environmental and Occupational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt Background: Electronic cigarettes are increasing in popularity, and they are easily accessible in a variety of locations. Despite increasing its popularity, little is known about its overall health effects. Physicians have rated the most trustful source of information about it and play also a role in disseminating information about it. Thus, this study identified the difference in knowledge and beliefs about electronic cigarettes between health care providers and the general population in Egypt. Methods: A cross-sectional study using the self-administered questionnaire in the Arabic language was conducted between December 2018 and March 2019 in the Chest Department in Ain Shams University Hospital in Egypt. Study population (n=610) was divided into health care providers (n=260) and general population (n=350). Result: A total of 593 respondents participated in this study and returned filled questionnaire with total response rate=97.2%, only 8.8% of all participates were smokers, none of the study population reported using electronic cigarettes, despite that, 79.3% of the participants have heard of electronic cigarettes, media advertisements were the main source of getting to know it and there was a statistically significant difference between both groups regarding most beliefs and attitudes toward electronic cigarettes. Conclusion: There was high awareness about electronic cigarettes in Egypt and more negative attitude about it among health care providers than the general population, but still educational programs and guidelines for health care providers are needed to raise more the awareness which will aid in counseling general population appropriately.