Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
On the Influence of Multiple Polarization Changes on the Cumulative Deformations in Sand Under Drained High-Cyclic Loading

The effect of multiple changes of the polarization (i.e., direction) of a drained cyclic loading has been studied in about 50 triaxial tests with simultaneous harmonic oscillation of the axial and lateral stresses. A fine sand has been tested at various initial densities. Starting from the same average stress in all the tests, six different polarizations of the cycles have been applied by choosing different amplitudes and phase shifts between the axial and lateral stress components. In each test, at least 10,000 cycles have been applied. The polarization has been changed every 1,000, 2,500 or 5,000 cycles. The sequence of the polarizations has been varied from test to test. Several reference tests without polarization changes have also been performed. The test results reveal that the first change of the polarization usually leads to a temporary increase of the rate of strain accumulation. This increase depends on the angle between the subsequent polarizations, while the correlation with the density or number of cycles applied prior to the polarization change is poor. All further polarization changes have only a minor effect on the rate of strain accumulation. Consequently, the final residual strain after 10,000 cycles is only moderately increased by the multiple polarization changes. The consequences of these experimental results for a high-cycle accumulation model describing the cumulative deformations in sand under a high-cyclic loading are briefly addressed.
Validating a universal model of particle transport lengths with laboratory measurements of suspended grain motions

The mechanics of sediment transport are of fundamental importance for fluvio‐deltaic morphodynamics. The present study focuses on quantifying particle motions and trajectories across a wide range of flow conditions. In particular, a continuous model is presented that predicts particle travel distances for saltation and suspension based on Rouse number and relative grain roughness. By utilizing a series of eight video cameras in a plexiglass flume direct measurements of the distributions of particle travel distances (excursion lengths) were obtained. To this end, experiments were carried out in dark under black lights with fluorescent painted plastic and quartz sand particles. For relatively high Rouse numbers indicating bed load dominant transport regime ( P≥2.5 ), particle motion is governed by the effect of gravitational forces (settling velocities) and measured excursion lengths closely follow a Gaussian distribution. For P=2.5 , particle motion is equally subjected to both gravitational and turbulent forces. Consequently, measured excursion lengths exhibit a bimodal distribution with two distinct peaks. As turbulent fluctuations increase and dominate particle motion over gravity ( P<2.5 ), distributions of excursion lengths become unimodal and negative‐skewed with mean values deviating from the modes. The predicted trend of linearly increasing excursion lengths with decreasing Rouse numbers is consistent with measured excursion lengths across a wide range of Rouse numbers (P=1.8−8.9 ). Furthermore, measured excursion lengths are observed to fit within the predicted range of excursion lengths with no significant difference between measured excursion lengths of plastic and quartz sand particles.
SANCACO COFFEE SYINBIOTIC (PROBIOTIC AND PREBIOTIC) AND ANTIBACTERIAL ASSAY AGAINST Escherichia coli

Robusta coffee is one of the plants used as a drink and has an efficacious content that can be modified to be used as a cure for diarrhea. This research was conducted To determine the effect of synbiotic coffee with a combination of coffee, prebiotic inulin chicory, probiotic B. bifidum, and glucose on the growth and antibacterial activity of the probiotic Bifidobacterium bifidum BRL-130. Organoleptic testing of synbiotic coffee was performed on 30 panelists, then the growth test used the total plate count method, and the antibacterial test used the paper diffusion method. The organoleptic test showed that the selected formula 1 had the highest average taste of 3.76. In the symbiotic coffee growth test, the best results were obtained in week 1 of plain water with a temperature of 40°C with the number of colonies 5.95 x108 CFU/mL. Antibacterial activity test using paper disc diffusion method with a variation of the selected formula 1 treatment control, 2 treatment control pure robusta coffee powder, positive control of ciprofloxacin antibiotic, and negative control of aquadest solvent. The antibacterial activity of synbiotic coffee against E. coli showed that there was an inhibitory response in formula 1 against Escherichia coli bacteria in the first week of storage, 12.3±1.1 mm with strong criteria.
Characterization of Gallibacterium anatis Isolated from Pathological Processes in Domestic Mammals and Birds in the Czech Republic

Gallibacterium anatis, recognized as a resident and opportunistic pathogen primarily in poultry, underwent investigation in unwell domestic mammals and birds. The study encompassed the mapping and comparison of G. anatis isolates, evaluation of their genetic diversity, and determination of their susceptibility to antimicrobials. A total of 11,908 clinical samples were analyzed using cultivation methods and MALDI-TOF. Whole-genome sequencing was performed on seven calf isolates and six hen isolates. Among mammals, G. anatis was exclusively detected in 22 young dairy calves, while among domestic birds, it was found in 35 individuals belonging to four species. Pathological observations in calves were predominantly localized in the digestive tract, whereas in birds, multi-organ infections and respiratory system infections were most prevalent. Distinct groups of genes were identified solely in calf isolates, and conversely, those unique to hen isolates were also recognized. Novel alleles in the multilocus sequence typing scheme genes and previously unidentified sequence types were observed in both calf and hen isolates. Antimicrobial susceptibility exhibited variation between bird and calf isolates. Notably, G. anatis isolates from calves exhibited disparities in genotype and phenotype compared to those from hens. Despite these distinctions, G. anatis isolates demonstrated the capability to induce septicemia in both species.
The Role of Influencer Marketing and Sales Promotion on the Purchase Decision of Scarlett Whitening Products

This research is a quantitative research that examines social phenomena with the aims to determine the effect of influencer marketing and sales promotion on purchase decision of scarlett whitening products. The population of this research is scarlett whitening consumers. This research took a sample of 100 respondents through a non-probability sampling technique using purposive sampling method. The data collection for this research was in the form of distributing questionnaires to consumers who had bought and used scarlett whitening products. The data analysis technique used is descriptive analysis and inferential analysis by the Partial Least Square (PLS) 3.0 analysis tool. The results of this research state that the influencer marketing has a significant effect on purchasing decisions and sales promotion has a significant effect on purchasing decisions. The implications of this research, can be a reference for business owners in determining a marketing multichannel system to increase sales of scarlett whitening products, especially in sales promotion and marketing through influencers.
Millennial‐Scale Instability in the Geomagnetic Field Prior to the Matuyama‐Brunhes Reversal

Changes in the Earth's magnetic field have global significance that reach from the outer core extending out to the uppermost atmosphere. Paleomagnetic records derived from sedimentary and volcanic sequences provide important insights into the geodynamo processes that govern the largest geomagnetic changes (polarity reversals), but dating uncertainties have hindered progress in this understanding. Here, we report a paleomagnetic record from multiple lava flows on Tahiti that bracket the Matuyama‐Brunhes (M‐B) polarity reversal ∼771,000 years ago. Our high‐precision 40Ar/39Ar ages constrain several rapid and short‐lived changes in field orientation up to 33,000 years prior to the M‐B reversal. These changes are similar to ones identified in other less well‐dated lava flows in Maui, Chile, and La Palma that occurred during an extended period of reduced field strength recorded in sediments. We use a simple stochastic model to show that these rapid polarity changes are highly attenuated in sediment records with low sedimentation rates. This prolonged 33,000 year period of reduced field strength and increased geomagnetic instability supports models that show frequent centennial‐to‐millennial‐scale polarity changes in the presence of a strongly weakened dipole field.
Enhancing Spectator Engagement in E-sports Events

This study investigates and measures factors related to the involvement of spectators in e-sports events using a Structural Equation Model (SEM) coupled with a Necessary Condition Analysis (NCA). The researchers conducted the study within a framework of push and pull factors. The findings indicate that both push and pull factors impact commitment, and that commitment has an impact on engagement. The practical implication of this is that management should emphasize pull factors, such as improving the quality of events, strategies for enhancing event attractiveness at the community level, managing event rewards, considering pricing strategies, utilizing promotions, and selecting suitable venues. Regarding the theoretical implications, the significance of three factors, push, pull, and commitment, are underscored as necessary conditions for engagement in this context. This research provides valuable in-depth insights for e-sports event managers to develop strategies which increase interest and participation among spectators, thereby enhancing the overall experience and growth of the industry.
Silybin Alleviated Hepatic Injury by Regulating Redox Balance, Inflammatory Response, and Mitochondrial Function in Weaned Piglets under Paraquat-Induced Oxidative Stress

Silybin (Si) is the main element of silymarin isolated from the seeds of Silybum marianum L. Gaernt. , which has superior antioxidant properties. However, the protective role of Si in maintaining liver health under oxidative stress remains ambiguous. This study aimed to investigate the underlying mechanism of the beneficial effect of dietary Si against hepatic oxidative injury induced by paraquat (PQ) in weaned piglets. A total of 24 piglets were randomly allocated to four treatments with six replicates per treatment and 1 piglet per replicate: the control group; Si group; PQ group; and Si + PQ group. Piglets in the control group and PQ group were given a basal diet, while piglets in the Si and Si + PQ groups were given a Si-supplemented diet. On the 18th day, the pigs in the PQ treatment group received an intraperitoneal injection of PQ, and the others were intraperitoneally injected with the same volume of saline. All piglets were sacrificed on day 21 for plasma and liver sample collection. The results showed that dietary Si supplementation mitigated PQ-induced liver damage, as proven by the reduction in liver pathological changes and plasma activity of alanine transaminase and aspartate transaminase. Si also improved superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activities and total antioxidant capacity, as well as decreased malondialdehyde and hydrogen peroxide concentration in the liver, which were closely related to the activation of the nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 signaling pathway. Meanwhile, Si reduced tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-8 production and their transcript levels as well as abrogated the overactivation of nuclear factor-κB induced by PQ. Importantly, Si improved mitochondrial function by maintaining mitochondrial energetics and mitochondrial dynamics, which was indicated by the elevated activity of mitochondrial complexes I and V and adenosine triphosphate content, decreased expression of dynamin 1 protein, and increased expression of mitofusin 2 protein. Moreover, Si inhibited excessive hepatic apoptosis by regulating the B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2)/Bcl-2-associated-X-protein signaling pathway. Taken together, these results indicated that Si potentially mitigated PQ-induced hepatic oxidative insults by improving antioxidant capacity and mitochondrial function and inhibiting inflammation and cell apoptosis in weaned piglets.
Changes to the Air‐Sea Flux and Distribution of Radiocarbon in the Ocean Over the 21st Century

We investigate the spatiotemporal evolution of radiocarbon (Δ14C) in the ocean over the 21st century under different scenarios for anthropogenic CO2 emissions and atmospheric CO2 and radiocarbon changes using a 3‐D ocean carbon cycle model. Strong decreases in atmospheric Δ14C in the high‐emission scenario result in strong outgassing of 14C over 2050–2100, causing Δ14C spatial gradients in the surface ocean and vertical gradients between the surface and intermediate waters to reverse sign. Surface Δ14C in the subtropical gyres is lower than Δ14C in Pacific Deep Water and Southern Ocean surface water in 2100. In the low‐emission scenario, ocean Δ14C remains slightly higher than in 1950 and relatively constant over 2050–2100. Over the next 20 years we find decadal changes in Δ14C of −30‰ to +5‰ in the upper 2 km of the ocean, which should be detectable with continued hydrographic surveys. Our simulations can help in planning future observations, and they provide a baseline for investigating natural or anthropogenic changes in ocean circulation using ocean Δ14C observations and models.
Cloud Phase and Relative Humidity Distributions over the Southern Ocean in Austral Summer Based on In Situ Observations and CAM5 Simulations

Cloud phase and relative humidity (RH) distributions at −67° to 0°C over the Southern Ocean during austral summer are compared between in situ airborne observations and global climate simulations. A scale-aware comparison is conducted using horizontally averaged observations from 0.1 to 50 km. Cloud phase frequencies, RH distributions, and liquid mass fraction are found to be less affected by horizontal resolutions than liquid and ice water content (LWC and IWC, respectively), liquid and ice number concentrations (Ncliq and Ncice, respectively), and ice supersaturation (ISS) frequency. At −10° to 0°C, observations show 27%–34% and 17%–37% of liquid and mixed phases, while simulations show 60%–70% and 3%–4%, respectively. Simulations overestimate (underestimate) LWC and Ncliq in liquid (mixed) phase, overestimate Ncice in mixed phase, underestimate IWC in ice and mixed phases, and underestimate (overestimate) liquid mass fraction below (above) −5°C, indicating that observational constraints are needed for different cloud phases. RH frequently occurs at liquid saturation in liquid and mixed phases for all datasets, yet the observed RH in ice phase can deviate from liquid saturation by up to 20%–40% at −20° to 0°C, indicating that the model assumption of liquid saturation for coexisting ice and liquid is inaccurate for low liquid mass fractions (<0.1). Simulations lack RH variability for partial cloud fractions (0.1–0.9) and underestimate (overestimate) ISS frequency for cloud fraction <0.1 (≥0.6), implying that improving RH subgrid-scale parameterizations may be a viable path to account for small-scale processes that affect RH and cloud phase heterogeneities. Two sets of simulations (nudged and free-running) show very similar results (except for ISS frequency) regardless of sample sizes, corroborating the statistical robustness of the model–observation comparisons.
Effects of bleaching treatment on the properties of bio-polyurethane films from liquefied bamboo

Malaysian bamboo residues were subjected to a liquefaction process. Bleaching of the liquefied product was carried out to reduce its coloration. Polyurethane (PU) films were then manufactured as a coating material by reacting the -OH groups in the bamboo material with isocyanate (-NCO). The study’s objective was to investigate the effects of bleaching on the properties of resulting polyurethane films and to elucidate its behavior as affected by the NCO/OH ratios. Bamboo residues, in powder form, were liquefied with polyethylene glycol (PEG 400) and glycerol (Gly) as reactive co-solvent, and sulphuric acid as catalyst. The obtained liquefied bamboo was then bleached with hydrogen peroxide. Bleached and unbleached liquefied bamboo were used to produce PU film by reacting isocyanate at NCO/OH ratios of 1.6, 1.8, 2.0, and 2.2. The results revealed that the NCO/OH ratios improved the mechanical performance of the PU films. Bleaching treatment slightly reduced the thermal stability and mechanical strength of the PU films. However, bleached PU films displayed lower water absorption and lower biodegradation than unbleached PU films. Nevertheless, the performance of the bleached PU films was still acceptable, indicating that the bleaching treatment using hydrogen peroxide is feasible to obtain semi-transparent film.
Therapeutic potential of Anacyclus pyrethrum aqueous extract in managing Clonazepam withdrawal in rats

The management of benzodiazepine withdrawal syndrome is challenging, and there is currently no consensus on the optimal treatment approach. Our study aims to investigate the possible effect of the aqueous extract of Anacyclus pyrethrum (AEAP) on Clonazepam dependence in rats via the measurement of oxidative stress, behavioral and biochemical changes. Dependence was induced by chronic administration of Clonazepam for 30 days, then AEAP was administered orally to rats. Withdrawal syndrome was assessed employing the conditioned place preference test, behavioral tests, and biochemical assays. Oxidative stress was evaluated by measuring levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), catalase (CAT), and superoxide dismutase (SOD). The percentage of open-arm entries, time spent in open arms decreased, and immobility time increased significantly among the Clonazepam-dependent group from the preconditioning to withdrawal phase (p < 0.001). The cortisol level was higher among Clonazepam group, the MDA increased, and CAT and SOD measurements demonstrated a notable decrease in the Clonazepam withdrawal group. AEAP administration at a dose of 200 mg/kg significantly alleviated anxiety and depression-like behaviors and led to a substantial decrease in oxidative stress levels during Clonazepam withdrawal, demonstrating the beneficial impact of AEAP. The use of Anacyclus pyrethrum may provide a novel therapeutic approach for managing the adverse effects of Clonazepam dependence by targeting oxidative stress.
Quantum Transport Simulations of Sub-60-mV/Decade Switching of Silicon Cold Source Transistors

A steep-slope switch of silicon (Si) transistor with a “cold” source (CSFET) with a metal between p-type and n-type Si (pSi–M–nSi) is investigated by quantum transport simulations, which breaks the subthreshold swing (SS) limit by manipulating the density of states (DOS) of injected carriers. The injected current from the junction of pSi–gold (Au)–nSi is calculated to be over <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$10^{{3}}~ {\mu } \text {A}/{\mu } \text {m}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> by first-principles quantum-transport simulations. Then, Si CSFETs are investigated and compared with conventional FETs and tunneling FETs. It is demonstrated that SS reaches 23 mV/decade in 15-nm Si CSFETs in the ballistic limit. ON-state current is as large as <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${7}. {9} \times {10}^{{2}}\,\, {\mu } \text {A}/ {\mu } \text {m}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> at <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${V}_{D} = {0}. {5} \text {V}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> with <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${I}_{\text {off}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> fixed at <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$10~\text {pA}/ {\mu }\text {m}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>. The SS of CSFETs degrades with decreasing gate length and cannot be smaller than 60 mV/decade at <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${L} _{G}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> = 6 nm. CSFETs have temperature-independent SS due to the cold electron injection, which is different from FETs and Dirac source FETs. The output characteristics demonstrate that CSFETs exhibit negative differential resistance and can achieve current rectification. Finally, the effects of cold electron rethermalization due to electron–phonon scattering in 15-nm CSFETs are found to degrade the SS to 50 mV/decade in six orders of magnitude of drain current. The SS can be improved to 42 mV/decade by using shorter lengths of the metal layer and n-type Si in the source to minimize the scattering.
Finite Element Analysis of Changes in Deformation of Intraocular Segments by Airbag Impact in Eyes of Various Axial Lengths

Background We studied the kinetic phenomenon of an airbag impact on eyes with different axial lengths using finite element analysis (FEA) to sequentially determine the physical and mechanical responses of intraocular segments at various airbag deployment velocities. Methods The human eye model we created was used in simulations with the FEA program PAM-GENERISTM. The airbag was set to impact eyes with axial lengths of 21.85 mm (hyperopia), 23.85 mm (emmetropia) and 25.85 mm (myopia), at initial velocities of 20, 30, 40, 50 and 60 m/s. The deformation rate was calculated as the ratio of the length of three segments, anterior chamber, lens and vitreous, to that at the baseline from 0.2 ms to 2.0 ms after the airbag impact. Results Deformation rate of the anterior chamber was greater than that of other segments, especially in the early phase, 0.2–0.4 ms after the impact (P < 0.001), and it reached its peak, 80%, at 0.8 ms. A higher deformation rate in the anterior chamber was found in hyperopia compared with other axial length eyes in the first half period, 0.2–0.8 ms, followed by the rate in emmetropia (P < 0.001). The lens deformation rate was low, its peak ranging from 40% to 75%, and exceeded that of the anterior chamber at 1.4 ms and 1.6 ms after the impact (P < 0.01). The vitreous deformation rate was lower throughout the simulation period than that of the other segments and ranged from a negative value (elongation) in the later phase. Conclusion Airbag impact on the eyeball causes evident deformation, especially in the anterior chamber. The results obtained in this study, such as the time lag of the peak deformation between the anterior chamber and lens, suggest a clue to the pathophysiological mechanism of airbag ocular injury.
The Genetic Profile of Large B-Cell Lymphomas Presenting in the Ocular Adnexa

To provide insights into targetable oncogenic pathways, this retrospective cohort study investigated the genetic profile of 26 patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, not otherwise specified (DLBCL-NOS), and two patients with high-grade B-cell lymphoma with MYC and BCL2 rearrangements (HGBCL) presenting in the ocular adnexa. Pathogenic variants and copy number variations in 128 B-cell lymphoma-relevant genes were analyzed by targeted next-generation sequencing. Genetic subtypes were determined with the LymphGen algorithm. Primary ocular adnexal DLBCL-NOS constituted 50% (n = 14) and was generally characterized by non-germinal center B-cell origin (non-GCB) (n = 8, 57%), and LymphGen MCD subtype (n = 5, 36%). Primary ocular adnexal DLBCL-NOS presented pathogenic variants in genes involved in NF-κB activation and genes which are recurrently mutated in other extranodal lymphomas of non-GCB origin, including MYD88 (n = 4, 29%), CD79B (n = 3, 21%), PIM1 (n = 3, 21%), and TBL1XR1 (n = 3, 21%). Relapsed DLBCL-NOS presenting in the ocular adnexa (n = 6) were all of non-GCB origin and frequently of MCD subtype (n = 3, 50%), presenting with a similar genetic profile as primary ocular adnexal DLBCL-NOS. These results provide valuable insights into genetic drivers in ocular adnexal DLBCL-NOS, offering potential applications in future precision medicine.