Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
INHERITANCE OF THE GREEN VERTEBRAL STRIPE IN ACRIS CREPITANS

The phenotype ratio obtained from crosses between green-striped cricket frogs (Acris crepitans) shows that the presence or absence of the green vertebral stripe is determined by a pair of alleles in which the gene for green stripe is dominant. Certain individuals of the cricket frog, Acris crepitans, have a green vertebral stripe, while others lack the green stripe color. If the vertebral stripe is not green, it is often some shade of gray similar to other light parts of the dorsum, or it may be any of several shades of red, brown or reddish-brown. The objective of the work presented herein was to learn the method of inheritance of the green vertebral stripe. All frogs that did not have a green stripe will be referred to as "nongreen. " Evidence was presented in an earlier paper indicating that the presence or absence of the green stripe is determined by a single pair of alleles with dominance (Pyburn, 1961). Data from green x nongreen and nongreen x nongreen crosses fitted a green dominant- nongreen recessive hypothesis with the exception that one non- green x nongreen cross produced both phenotypes in about equal num- bers. Since under certain circumstances a frog with a green stripe at metamorphosis may appear gray later on, it was suggested that one of the parents in the one dissenting cross had lost the green color and was therefore recorded as nongreen. An alternative explanation is that no such loss of color had occurred, and that nongreen is dominant to the green-striped condition. If so, a cross between any two green- striped frogs could produce only green-striped offspring. If, on the other hand, green is dominant and nongreen recessive, crosses be- tween green-striped frogs would be expected to yield either all green offspring, or both phenotypes in the ratio 3 green : 1 nongreen. Until recently all green x green crosses had failed to produce metamor- phosed offspring under laboratory conditions. Young frogs have now been obtained from two green x green matings, which form the basis of this report.
Cetuximab versus bevacizumab maintenance following prior 8-cycle modified FOLFOXIRI plus cetuximab in Asian postmenopausal women with treatment-naive KRAS and BRAF wild-type metastatic colorectal cancer

Objective To assess the efficacy and safety of cetuximab (CE) versus bevacizumab (BE) maintenance treatment after prior 8-cycle modified 5-fluorouracil, folinate, oxaliplatin, and irinotecan (FOLFOXIRI) plus CE induction therapy in treatment-naive KRAS and BRAF wild-type (wt) metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). Methods From 2012 to 2017, prospectively maintained databases were reviewed to assess Asian postmenopausal women with treatment-naive KRAS and BRAF wt mCRC who underwent modified FOLFOXIRI plus CE induction therapy, followed by CE or BE maintenance until disease progression or death. Co-primary clinical endpoints were progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). Results A total of 222 women were included (CE n = 110 and BE n = 112). At a median follow-up of 27.0 months (interquartile range, 6.5–38.6 months), median PFS was 21.9 months (95% confidence interval [CI] 16.4–24.4) and 17.7 months (95% CI 11.3–19.0) for CE and BE groups, respectively (hazard ratio [HR] 0.31, 95% CI 0.15–0.46); median OS was 26.0 months (95% CI 23.4–28.7) and 22.7 months (95% CI 21.2–24.3) for CE and BE groups, respectively (HR 0.22, 95% CI 0.11–0.37). Conclusions CE maintenance treatment is more poorly tolerated but has a slightly more modest survival benefit compared with BE maintenance treatment in mCRC.
Perceived Organizational Politics and Age, Interactive Effects on Job Outcomes

Studies conducted previously on the role-played by age in association with perceived organizational politics (POP) with different outcomes of job calls for more attention toward this domain. The current piece of research observes the effect of POP on job outcomes that include turnover intentions (intent to leave), job stress, and job satisfaction. It also sheds light on the age moderation in the POP association with job outcomes. The data used in this research were diverse and collected through self-administered and cross-sectional questionnaires. Multiple regression analysis was used as data analysis technique. Precisely, this research discovered that POP has a positive connection with job stress and intent to leave, while having no connection with job satisfaction. Moreover, POP impacts on job satisfaction and job stress was found to be positive in younger employees whereas in older employees, it affected both these variables negatively.
Preferred Gait Characteristics in Young Adults in Qatar: Physiological, Perceptual, and Spatiotemporal Analysis

Preferred walking speed (PWS) is considered a robust measure for assessing mobility and overall health. Healthy reference data are unavailable for Qatar. The aim of this study was to investigate PWS and underlying gait parameters around PWS among healthy young adults living in Qatar. PWS was assessed for 18 Qataris (9 females) and 16 non-Qatari Arabs residing in Qatar (9 females). Within- and between-gender group comparisons were carried out using Mann–Whitney U-tests. Metabolic cost of transport, heart rate, rating of perceived exertion, and spatiotemporal parameters were compared between Qatari and non-Qatari groups of similar gender at seven speed levels relative to PWS using two-way analyses of variance (ANOVAs). Similar comparisons were done at two absolute speeds using Mann–Whitney U-tests. While PWS did not differ significantly between the female groups, it was on average 19% slower for the Qatari males as compared to non-Qatari males. At similar relative speeds, differences appeared solely in physiological parameters between female groups. Only spatiotemporal differences were revealed between the male groups where longer stride and support phase durations and slower stride frequencies characterized the Qatari male group. It is suggested that differences in PWS could be due to potential cultural factors (e.g., cultural clothing) differentiating the Qatari and non-Qatari groups. PWS values reported in this study also appear systematically lower when compared to Western references found in the literature. Findings suggest that the assessment of normative gait values needs to take both cultural habits and geographic disparity into account.
Trade-Off Theory Versus Pecking Order Theory: Ghanaian Evidence

The objective of this study was to examine the theoretical predictions of the pecking order theory and the trade-off theory to establish which of the two competing theories better explains the financing decisions of small and medium enterprises (SMEs). The study examined 187 SMEs in Ghana using the panel data methodology. The results reveal that the explanatory power of both theories apply and are pertinent to Ghanaian SMEs. The results also show that profitability, age, liquidity, growth, size, and tangibility of assets all have a significant impact on SMEs’ capital structure. In addition, the findings show that risk plays no vital role in how SMEs choose their capital structure. Broadly, the results provide evidence to back the pecking order theory, indicating that Ghanaian SMEs’ funding decisions exhibit the theoretical predictions of the pecking order theory.
Combining ability studies for yield and yield contributing traits in rice (Oryza sativa L.)

The present study was conducted to estimate combining ability, gene action and proportional contribution of cross components in rice genotypes. Combining ability estimates were worked out through Line × Tester analysis of 25 hybrids developed by crossing five lines with five testers to know the genetic architecture of 10 physio-morphological traits. The analysis of variance of combining ability displayed variances of specific combining ability (SCA) and were higher in magnitude than the corresponding general combining ability (GCA) variances for all the traits under study which indicated preponderance of non-additive gene action governing these traits. Results of per se and gca effects of parents revealed that multiple crosses involving ADT 37, ADT (R) 47, TNAU Rice ADT49, FL478, Pokkali would be considered as invaluable sources of genetic materials. An outset on perusal of data for hybrids based on per se performance and high sca effects the hybrids viz., ADT 37 x Nonabokra, ADT37 x Pokkali, TNAU Rice ADT 49 x Nonabokra, ADT47x FL478, ADT 43 x Nonabokra and ADT 47 x CSR36 were good specific combiners for grain yield per plant and their components which could be used for exploitation of heterosis for yield.
SCREENING IRANIAN BREAD WHEAT LINES UNDER DIFFERENT WATER REGIMES USING YIELD BASED DROUGHT TOLERANCE INDICES

Department of Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, Faculty of Crop Sciences, Sari University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Sari, Iran. Department of Plant Molecular Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Tehran, Iran. *Corresponding author’s e mail: vshariati@nigeb.ac. ir Email addresses of co-authors: hadi.ramandi@sanru.ac. ir, najafi316@gmail.com, rorazavi@yahoo.com, kazemi_ka@yahoo.com
Computerized Rehabilitative Training in Older Adult Cochlear Implant users : A Feasibility Study

Many older adult cochlear implant (CI) users struggle with speech recognition, suggesting a need for focused rehabilitation. Computerized “bottomup” auditory training programs have demonstrated some efficacy, but “top-down” linguistic or neurocognitive training may be beneficial for some persons. Sixteen experienced older adult CI users were assessed for sentence recognition in quiet and in noise, along with phonological sensitivity, working memory, and CI-related quality of life (QOL). Twelve participants completed ten sessions of computerized auditory, working memory, or phonological training, with four participants per group, along with four controls. Broad variability was demonstrated among participants on changes in speech recognition, phonological skills, working memory, and QOL. This study confirmed the feasibility of a trial of computerized rehabilitative training for older adult CI users, but limitations of this approach are discussed.
The Effects of Mathematics Anxiety and Motivation on Students’ Mathematics Achievement

This study aims to investigate whether there is an effect of anxiety and motivation, and if so, the level of this effect on students’ mathematics achievement in the transition test from middle school to high school. In this research, anxiety and motivation levels of the students were examined together with variables such as gender, pre-school education, support and training courses, and private tutoring. The sample of the study consisted of 777 eighth-grade students in a province of Aegean region of Turkey. Mathematical Motivation Scale (MMS) and Mathematics Anxiety Scale for Elementary School Students (MASESS) were used as data collection tools. In addition, the demographic information of the students was obtained with the personal information form developed by the researcher. Descriptive analysis, independent samples t-test, correlation analysis, and structural equation modeling analysis were used for data analysis. According to the results of the study, the mathematics anxiety and motivation levels of middle school eighth-grade students were high and there was a positive and moderate relationship between mathematics anxiety and motivation towards mathematics. It was also determined that anxiety predicted achievement at a higher level, followed by motivation.
Cannabinoids modulate associative cerebellar learning via alterations in behavioral state

Cannabinoids are notorious and profound modulators of behavioral state. In the brain, endocannabinoids act via Type 1-cannabinoid receptors (CB1) to modulate synaptic transmission and mediate multiple forms of synaptic plasticity. CB1 knockout (CB1KO) mice display a range of behavioral phenotypes, in particular hypoactivity and various deficits in learning and memory, including cerebellumdependent delay eyeblink conditioning. Here we find that the apparent effects of CB1 deletion on cerebellar learning are not due to direct effects on CB1-dependent plasticity, but rather, arise as a secondary consequence of altered behavioral state. Hypoactivity of CB1KO mice accounts for their impaired eyeblink conditioning across both animals and trials. Moreover, learning in these mutants is rescued by walking on a motorized treadmill during training. Finally, cerebellar granule cell-specific CB1KOs exhibit normal eyeblink conditioning, and both global and granule cell-specific CB1KOs display normal cerebellum-dependent locomotor coordination and learning. These findings highlight the modulation of behavioral state as a powerful independent means through which individual genes contribute to complex behaviors.
Bankruptcy Codes and Innovation1

Bankruptcy Codes and Innovation Do legal institutions governing nancial contracts a¤ect the nature of real investments in the economy? We provide evidence that the answer to this question is yes. We argue that when the bankruptcy code is creditor-friendly, excessive liquidations cause levered rms to shy away from innovation. In contrast, by promoting continuation upon failure, a debtorfriendly code induces greater innovation. Employing patents as a proxy for innovation, we nd support for the real as well as nancial implications of this e¤ect of bankruptcy codes on real investments: (1) In countries with weaker creditor rights, technologically innovative industries create disproportionately more patents and these patents also generate disproportionately more citations relative to other industries; (2) Time-series changes in creditor rights within a country con rm this di¤erence-of-di¤erence result as well as the direct e¤ect of creditor rights on the absolute level of innovation, suggesting a causal e¤ect of bankruptcy codes on innovation; (3) When creditor rights are stronger, innovative industries employ relatively less leverage compared to other industries; and (4) In countries with weaker creditor rights, technologically innovative industries grow disproportionately faster compared to other industries. JEL: G3, K2, O3, O4, O5. Keywords: Creditor rights, R&D, Technological change, Law and nance, Entrepreneurship, Growth, Financial development.
Modeling Blog Usage From a Developing Country Perspective Using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM)

The manner in which activities are now conducted online has largely transformed as a result of the prevalent digitally rich environment. With the evolution of the Internet, channels utilized for knowledge and information sharing have also changed. Both organizations and individuals have largely benefited from the use of various Web 2.0 features. Innovative interaction channels are now available, and the concept is increasingly being applied to other areas. Social networking opportunities have increased manifold, and different kinds of web technologies are being utilized for communication. The online community has also embraced the multi-interactive dimension of Web 2.0, as inherent in various blogging activities. This study analyzed why people choose to engage in web technologies such as blogging. As the growth of web technology is rather parallel with that of digital marketing, the research also focused on how these aspects can enhance marketing strategies in the future. The results of the study have various implications, as marketing is significantly influenced by blog readers’ level of engagement, including word-of-mouth marketing, purchasing decisions, and even brand building. Both awareness and trust play significant roles in the process, and they are often utilized to justify the risk inherent in the online environment.
Serum miR-29a/b expression in gestational diabetes mellitus and its influence on prognosis evaluation

Objective To evaluate serum microRNA (miR)-29a/b expression in gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and its influence on neonatal prognosis. Methods This was a retrospective study including 68 pregnant women with GDM (GDM group) and 55 healthy pregnant women of similar age range and gestation period (healthy group). Results The area under the curve was 0.829 for the diagnosis of GDM using serum miR-29a expression, 0.857 for diagnosis using serum miR-29b expression, and 0.944 for combined diagnosis (using both miR-29a and miR-29b). The fasting insulin (FINS) level of the GDM group was significantly lower than that of the healthy group; levels of fasting plasma glucose (FPG), 2-h plasma glucose (2hPG), and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) were significantly higher in the GDM group than in the healthy group. Both miR-29a and miR-29b were positively correlated with FINS levels and negatively correlated with FPG, 2hPG, and HbA1c levels. Serum miR-29a/b expression in pregnant women with GDM was not correlated with neonatal weight, premature delivery, or asphyxia but was correlated with pathologic jaundice. Conclusions Serum miR-29a/b expression was downregulated in pregnant women with GDM and correlated with neonatal pathologic jaundice, showing good individual (miR-29a or miR-29b) diagnostic value and excellent combined (miR-29a and miR-29b) diagnostic value.
Turbulence and Mixing in the Arctic Ocean’s Amundsen Gulf

This study uses CTD and microstructure measurements of shear and temperature from 348 glider profiles to characterize turbulence and turbulent mixing in the southeastern Beaufort Sea, where turbulence observations are presently scarce. We find that turbulence is typically weak: the turbulent kinetic energy dissipation rate ε has a median value (with 95% confidence intervals in parentheses) of 2.3 [2.2, 2.4] × 10−11 W kg−1 and is less than 1.0 × 10−10 W kg−1 in 68% of observations. Variability in ε spans five orders of magnitude, with indications that turbulence is bottom enhanced and modulated in time by the semidiurnal tide. Stratification is strong and frequently damps turbulence, inhibiting diapycnal mixing. Buoyancy Reynolds number estimates suggest that turbulent diapycnal mixing is unlikely in 93% of observations; however, a small number of strongly turbulent mixing events are disproportionately important in determining net buoyancy fluxes. The arithmetic mean diapycnal diffusivity of density is 4.5 [2.3, 14] × 10−6 m2 s−1, three orders of magnitude larger than that expected from molecular diffusion. Vertical heat fluxes are modest at O(0.1) W m−2, of the same order of magnitude as those in the Canada Basin double-diffusive staircase, however, staircases are generally not observed. Despite significant heat present in the Pacific Water layer in the form of a warm-core mesoscale eddy and smaller, O(1) km, temperature anomalies, turbulent mixing was found to be too low to release this heat to shallower depths.
Using the Job Demands–Resources Model to Evaluate Work-Related Outcomes Among Norwegian Health Care Workers

The job demands-resources (JD-R) model was used to evaluate work-related outcomes among 489 health care professionals working in public health services for children and their families in Norway. In accordance with the JD-R model, the relationship of job demands and job resources with different outcomes (turnover intention, job satisfaction, and service quality) should be mediated through burnout and engagement. The results of the multilevel structural equation model analysis indicated good model fit: The χ2/degrees of freedom ratio was 1.54, the root mean square error of approximation was . 033, and the Tucker Lewis index and comparative fit index were both . 92. Job demands were positively associated with burnout; job resources were positively related to engagement and negatively related to burnout. Burnout was positively related to turnover intention and negatively related to job satisfaction and service quality. Engagement was inversely related to the outcome variables. Both job demands and job resources are important predictors of employee well-being and organizational outcomes.
How Software Practitioners Use Informal Local Meetups to Share Software Engineering Knowledge

Informal technology ‘meetups’ have become an important aspect of the software development community, engaging many thousands of practitioners on a regular basis. However, although local technology meetups are well-attended by developers, little is known about their motivations for participating, the type or usefulness of information that they acquire, and how local meetups might differ from and complement other available communication channels for software engineering information. We interviewed the leaders of technology-oriented Meetup groups, and collected quantitative information via a survey distributed to participants in technology-oriented groups. Our findings suggest that participants in these groups are primarily experienced software practitioners, who use Meetup for staying abreast of new developments, building local networks and achieving transfer of rich tacit knowledge with peers to improve their practice. We also suggest that face to face meetings are useful forums for exchanging tacit knowledge and contextual information needed for software engineering practice.
Green Brand Benefits and Brand Outcomes: The Mediating Role of Green Brand Image

This study develops a test model that can conceptually contribute to the formation of a green brand image for the hospitality market. A conceptual model highlighting the mediating role of green brand image based on two antecedent constructs (consumer’s perceived functional and emotional benefits of green hotels) and four outcome constructs (green brand preferences, trust, loyalty, and corporate image) was tested using 347 Malaysian lodging consumers. The findings indicate that the increase in consumer’s perceived functional and emotional benefits will initially increase their green brand image, and eventually increase their green brand preferences, trust, loyalty, and corporate image. Moreover, the role of green brand image as a mediator exists between consumers’ perceived benefits and their green brand preferences, trust, loyalty, and corporate image. Based on these findings, the managers can devise green branding strategies for their hotels, and show how green campaigns can highlight ecological concerns among green hotel consumers.
A Moderated Mediation Model of Entrepreneurial Self-Efficacy, Institutional Environment, and Entrepreneurial Orientation for SME Development

A vital component for sustainable economic development is the entrepreneurship regardless of the social, geopolitical, and economic situations. However, it is an intimidating challenge to develop and maintain productive small and medium enterprises (SMEs). This article investigates the role of entrepreneurial self-efficacy (ESE) and institutional environment in entrepreneurial orientation and the development of a successful entrepreneurship-based SME. It integrates the institutional climate, self-efficacy, and theory of planned behavior to address the abovementioned challenge in the context of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. This study adopts an instrument to collect data from Saudi SME owners and employs SPSS Amos to analyze the proposed moderated mediation model. The outcomes of this study identify the contribution of ESE and institutional environment in the productiveness of an effective entrepreneurship-based SME.
Do Republican and Democratic legislators have polarized views of their district’s demographics? 1

Do Republican and Democratic politicians hold the same perceptions about the demographic composition of their district? We test this question by asking state legislators about the size of five key demographic groups in their district and compare their responses to the actual measures. We find that legislators hold misperceptions about some of their district demographics, but not those related to race and ethnicity. Significantly, legislators’ perceptions of their district’s demographics are not polarized along party lines. Misperceptions exist but these are not explained by party affiliation. On a positive note, these results suggest there can be a basis for common ground among politicians on factual matters.