Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Diurnal Variations in Partitioning of Atmospheric Glyoxal and Methylglyoxal between Gas and Particles at the Ground Level and in the Free Troposphere

This work presents diurnal variations of gas- and particle-phase dicarbonyls (glyoxal (Gly) and methylglyoxal (Mgly)) in the atmosphere, which are important compounds that contribute to the formation and growth of atmospheric particulate matter. To obtain variations in partitioning, continuous collection of gaseous dicarbonyls was performed using a parallel plate wet denuder, and at the same time, the dicarbonyls in particle were collected using a spray-type particle collector downstream. Hourly samples were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography–electrospray ionization–tandem mass spectrometry. This method is advantageous to monitor the gaseous and particulate carbonyls separately without loss during sampling. Sampling was performed in summer and winter in a midsize city (Kumamoto, Japan). The concentrations of the dicarbonyls increased in the summer daytime, which suggests that they are mostly formed by secondary production in the local atmosphere. The dicarbonyls and formaldehyde (HCHO) wer.
The Architecture of an Information System for Public Relations via Mobile Application Using In-depth User Experience for Proactive Perception of Information

The objectives of this research were as follows: 1) To study, analyze, synthesize documents and researches related to the architecture of an information system for public relations via mobile application using in-depth user experience for proactive perception of information, 2) Design the architecture of an information system for public relations via mobile application using in-depth user experience for proactive perception of information, 3) Develop the architecture of an information system for public relations via mobile application using in-depth user experience for proactive perception of information, and 4) Study the results of evaluating the suitability of the architecture of an information system for public relations via mobile application using in-depth user experience for proactive perception of information. The samples used in the research were 20 experts in information system development from various institutions in higher education. The assessment results found the following: 1) The developed system architecture has four components: stakeholders, user experience process, output and feedback, 2) The results of the evaluation of the suitability of the developed system architecture found that (2.1) the assessment results of the suitability of the developed system architecture (aspect of integrated components) was appropriated at a high level (Mean=4.43, S.D.=0.67) (2.2) the assessment results of the suitability of the developed system architecture (issue by separated components) were appropriated at a high level (Mean=4.37, S.D.=0.80), and 3) The assessment results of the suitability in implementing the developed system architecture were appropriated at a high level (Mean=4.17, S.D.=0.74), respectively.
The Comparison of Lead and Cadmium Adsorption on Amorphous Iron and Manganese Oxides Prepared in Laboratory and on Natural Surface Coating Components

用实验室制备的无定形铁、锰氧化物吸附铅、镉,结果表明:实验室制备的无定形铁氧化物与自然水体生物膜中的铁氧化物吸附铅的能力接近,锰氧化物能够较好地模拟自然水体中生物膜中的锰氧化物吸附镉的行为.
Translating a Species Distribution Model into Management Recommendations for an at-Risk Lichen

ABSTRACT Species distribution models are powerful tools on their own for the management of rare and at-risk species, but their utility as such can be limited if their accuracy is low, or if management policies are applied without consideration of the structure of the data. We tested the accuracy of a MaxEnt species distribution model for white-rimmed shingle lichen (Fuscopannaria leucosticta) in New Brunswick, Canada, and proposed an additional decision support-tool that matches the species probability of occurrence (PO) to possible management actions. The model was tested using two years of new field observations. Classification trees were used to define four groups across the range of PO values. Chi-squared tests were used to test the accuracy of predictions in each class. The model was found to accurately predict occurrences in very low and moderate classes, but underpredicted occurrences in low and high classes. We recommend using similar, data-driven support tools in the conservation decision-making process to minimize losses of the species and maximize efficacy of management. RÉSUMÉ Les modèles de répartition des espèces sont des outils puissants de gestion des espèces rares et en péril, mais leur utilité à ce titre peut être limitée si leur précision est faible ou si les politiques de gestions sont appliquées sans considération de la structure des prédictions. Nous avons évalué la précision d'un modèle de répartition MaxEnt pour la fuscopannaire à taches blanches (Fuscopannaria leucosticta) au Nouveau-Brunswick, Canada, et nous proposons un outil d'aide à la décision qui fait correspondre la probabilité d'occurrence aux procédures de gestion possibles. Le modèle a été testé en utilisant deux ans de nouvelles observations terrain. Des arbres de classification ont été utilisés pour définir quatre groupes parmi la gamme de valeurs de probabilité d'occurrence. Des tests du khi carré ont été utilisés afin d'évaluer la précision des prédictions dans chaque groupe. Le modèle a prédit avec précision les occurrences dans les classes très faibles et modérées, mais a sous-estimé les occurrences dans les classes basses et élevées. Nous recommandons d'utiliser des outils similaires, basés sur des données, dans le processus de prise de décision en matière de conservation pour minimiser les pertes et maximiser l'efficacité de gestion.
Limiting Behavior of the Probability Distribution in Einstein's Bed‐Load Formula and its Improvement

The bed‐load transport rates predicted using Einstein's formula in the low and high transport regimes deviate from the experimental data. The deviation, which becomes significant when the transport rate is extremely low or high, may be solely attributed to the folded Gaussian distribution assumed by Einstein. The trends of an Einstein‐type formula at the limits can be separately determined by considering the limiting behavior of the embedded probability distribution, which facilitates the derivation of a formula that best fits the bed‐load data. By applying a Gamma distribution with the shape parameter equal to 3/2, a modified Einstein's formula is successfully applied to the low and high transport regimes.
Fault Displacement of the 2011 Mw 6.6 Fukushima-ken Hamadori Earthquake Based on a 3D Crustal Deformation Model Constructed Using Differential InSAR–Lidar

3D coseismic deformation detected by remote sensing yields essential information for estimating the geometry and slip distribution of the causative fault. However, it is often difficult to be obtained by a single observation method due to data acquisition constraints. This study constructs a 3D coseismic deformation model of the 2011 Fukushima-ken Hamadori earthquake by integrating Differential Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (DInSAR), and differential light detection and ranging (Dlidar) analyses. Both horizontal and vertical movements observed are almost consistent with those of the theoretical dislocation model of normal faulting. The fault displacements measured within ±45 m of the rupture based on the 3D deformation model is also in good agreement with the possible maximum field displacements. Fault dips and lateral displacement components are also harmonious with the field survey measurements. Dlidar detects full 3D motion, whereas the DInSAR detects deformations too small for the light detection and ranging (lidar). Combining the two products is helpful to produce a more robust 3D displacement field than possible from the lidar alone.
Gang Homicide: The Road so Far and a Map for the Future

Gang research has spanned nearly a century. In that time, we have learned that gang membership increases the chances of involvement in homicide as a victim or offender. The violence that embroils gang life, both instrumental and symbolic, often has consequences. In this paper we review the gang homicide literature covering topics such as definitional issues, available data, correlates and characteristics, and theoretical explanations. The review examines individual, group, and structural contexts for gang homicide. We conclude with a discussion of future needs in theory, data, and methods, to improve our understanding of gang homicide.
How people feel about their job: effects of regulatory mode on positivity and job satisfaction (¿Cómo se sienten las personas sobre su trabajo?: los efectos del modo regulatorio en la positividad y la satisfacción laboral)

ABSTRACT The main goal of the present study was to analyse the effects of regulatory modes (i.e., assessment and locomotion) on both positivity and job satisfaction. Furthermore, we explored the mediating role of positivity in the relationship between regulatory modes and job satisfaction. In order to test our hypotheses, we recruited employees (N = 563) from 8 Italian organizations, and obtained their individual (a) scores on the Regulatory Mode Scale, (b) ratings of positivity, and (c) overall job satisfaction. Two separate moderated multiple regression analyses were run to test the main effect and the interactions of the regulatory modes on the two outcome measures. In line with our hypotheses, the results revealed that assessment negatively predicted both positivity and job satisfaction, whereas locomotion positively predicted those variables. Furthermore, the results showed that employees showing a specific self-regulation pattern (i.e., the combination of high assessment and low locomotion) experienced lower positivity and lower job satisfaction. Finally, using a mediated moderation analysis, it was found that the relationship between regulatory modes and job satisfaction was significantly mediated by positivity.
Evolution of Shock-Induced Pressure in Laser Bioprinting

Laser bioprinting with gel microdroplets that contain living cells is a promising method for use in microbiology, biotechnology, and medicine. Laser engineering of microbial systems (LEMS) technology by laser-induced forward transfer (LIFT) is highly effective in isolating difficult-to-cultivate and uncultured microorganisms, which are essential for modern bioscience. In LEMS the transfer of a microdroplet of a gel substrate containing living cell occurs due to the rapid heating under the tight focusing of a nanosecond infrared laser pulse onto thin metal film with the substrate layer. During laser transfer, living organisms are affected by temperature and pressure jumps, high dynamic loads, and several others. The study of these factors’ role is important both for improving laser printing technology itself and from a purely theoretical point of view in relation to understanding the mechanisms of LEMS action. This article presents the results of an experimental study of bubbles, gel jets, and shock waves arising in liquid media during nanosecond laser heating of a Ti film obtained using time-resolving shadow microscopy. Estimates of the pressure jumps experienced by microorganisms in the process of laser transfer are performed: in the operating range of laser energies for bioprinting LEMS technology, pressure jumps near the absorbing film of the donor plate is about 30 MPa. The efficiency of laser pulse energy conversion to mechanical post-effects is about 10%. The estimates obtained are of great importance for microbiology, biotechnology, and medicine, particularly for improving the technologies related to laser bioprinting and the laser engineering of microbial systems.
Base-Free and Acceptorless Dehydrogenation of Alcohols Catalyzed by an Iridium Complex Stabilized by a N,N,N-Osmaligand

The preparation of a N,N,N-osmaligand, its coordination to iridium to afford an efficient catalyst precursor, and the catalytic activity of the latter in dehydrogenation reactions of hydrogen carriers based on alcohols are reported. Complex OsH2Cl2(PiPr3)2 (1) reacts with 3-(2-pyridyl)pyrazol to give the osmium(II) complex 2H, which contains an acidic hydrogen atom. Deprotonation of the latter by the bridging methoxy groups of the dimer [Ir(μ-OMe)(η4-COD)]2 (COD = 1,5-cyclooctadiene) leads to Ir(2)(η4-COD) (3), where osmaligand 2 has a free-nitrogen atom. Iridium complex 3 catalyzes the dehydrogenation of secondary and primary alcohols to ketones and aldehydes or esters, respectively, and the dehydrogenation of diols to lactones. Cyclooctatriene is detected during the catalysis by GC-MS, suggesting that the true catalyst of the reactions is a dihydride IrH2(2)-species with osmaligand 2 acting as N,N,N-pincer. The presence of a phenyl group in the substrates favors the catalytic processes. The dehydrogenat.
Artificial intelligence and average wages in Southern Africa: A panel VAR approach

ABSTRACT Changes in average wage are usually attributed to technological change in the past industrial revolutions. With the emergence and gradual explosion of artificial intelligence (AI) in the 4th industrial revolution, this paper applies panel vector autoregressive technique, with annual data from the World Bank and global economy from 2004 to 2017, to examine the effect of artificial intelligence on average wages in Southern Africa. Findings from the study show that artificial intelligence has a significant negative relationship with average wages but is positively associated with gross domestic product per capita (GDPC), unemployment and inflation. The study also finds inflation and GDPC to be positively associated with average wage. Based on the finding, policy direction focusing on wage stabilisation, redistribution of income, advance learning and skill development training that promote competitiveness to computerisation is recommended.
Sparse Linear Antenna Arrays: A Review

Linear sparse antenna arrays have been widely studied in array processing literature. They belong to the general class of non-uniform linear arrays (NULAs). Sparse arrays need fewer sensor elements than uniform linear arrays (ULAs) to realize a given aperture. Alternately, for a given number of sensors, sparse arrays provide larger apertures and higher degrees of freedom than full arrays (ability to detect more source signals through direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation). Another advantage of sparse arrays is that they are less affected by mutual coupling compared to ULAs. Different types of linear sparse arrays have been studied in the past. While minimum redundancy arrays (MRAs) and minimum hole arrays (MHAs) existed for more than five decades, other sparse arrays such as nested arrays, co-prime arrays and super-nested arrays have been introduced in the past decade. Subsequent to the introduction of co-prime and nested arrays in the past decade, many modifications, improvements and alternate sensor array configurations have been presented in the literature in the past five years (2015–2020). The use of sparse arrays in future communication systems is promising as they operate with little or no degradation in performance compared to ULAs. In this chapter, various linear sparse arrays have been compared with respect to parameters such as the aperture provided for a given number of sensors, ability to provide large hole-free co-arrays, higher degrees of freedom (DOFs), sharp angular resolutions and susceptibility to mutual coupling. The chapter concludes with a few recommendations and possible future research directions.
Assessing Green Resorts Attributes Performance on Tourists’ Emotional Intelligence and Future Behavioural Responses: Evidence from Malaysia

Tourists will gain pleasurable experiences when engaging with the surrounding environments of their destinations as determined by the ability of resorts to provide and maintain quality products or services to satisfy the needs of travelers as well as create added value to their stay. Therefore, this study aimed to appraise how tourists perceived green resort attributes performance and how personal emotional intelligence could influence their future behavioural response. One hundred and fifty guests were randomly selected who had stayed in three green resorts in Langkawi and Penang to participate in this study. Applying regression analysis revealed a positive relationship between the green resort attributes performance and future behavioural response through emotional intelligence. This study also discovered that international tourists recorded a higher mean score for positive emotions compared to their domestic counterparts. Theoretically, this study enriches the existing literature by providing a deeper understanding of how tourists’ emotions affect their subsequent responses based on the green resort attributes performance. Practically, the findings of this study will be applicable to green resorts in Malaysia as their performance will induce positive emotions that impact the behaviours of tourists towards these resorts in the future, for example, recommending green resorts to their families or friends.
Evaluating Fairness of Algorithmic Risk Assessment Instruments: The Problem With Forcing Dichotomies

Researchers and stakeholders have developed many definitions to evaluate whether algorithmic pretrial risk assessment instruments are fair in terms of their error and accuracy. Error and accuracy are often operationalized using three sets of indicators: false-positive and false-negative percentages, false-positive and false-negative rates, and positive and negative predictive value. To calculate these indicators, a threshold must be set, and continuous risk scores must be dichotomized. We provide a data-driven examination of these three sets of indicators using data from three studies on the most widely used algorithmic pretrial risk assessment instruments: the Public Safety Assessment, the Virginia Pretrial Risk Assessment Instrument, and the Federal Pretrial Risk Assessment. Overall, our findings highlight how conclusions regarding fairness are affected by the limitations of these indicators. Future work should move toward examining whether there are biases in how the risk assessment scores are used to inform decision-making.
Supervisor self-disclosure, the supervisory alliance, and trainee willingness to disclose.

This brief report explores the relationship between professional psychology trainees ’ perceptions of the supervisoryworkingalliance with their supervisor, their perceptionof their supervisor ’ s self-disclosure, and their own willingness to disclose in supervision. Trainee perception of the working alliance signi ﬁ cantly predicted their willingness to self-disclose in supervision; by contrast, their perception of supervisor self- disclosure did not. Although supervisors believe that their self-disclosure will lead to increased disclosure from supervisees, our ﬁ ndings suggest a more ambiguous relationship. Further research on supervisor and supervisee self-disclosure is needed to better understand the nuances of the supervisory relationship. Implications for practicing supervisors are discussed. Public Signi ﬁ cance Statement This study found that psychology trainees who have a positive view of their relationship with their supervisor are more likely to disclose information in supervision. However, their view of the degree to which their supervisor discloses does not in ﬂ uence their own disclosure.
Prevelance of symptoms during menstruation and its management among adolescent girls

Background: Menstruation is a natural phenomena of the female reproductive cycle in which discharge of blood from the uterus exits through the vagina every month, it is the spontaneous onset of puberty. 75% of girls confront some problems associated with menstruation including delayed, irregular, painful and heavy menstrual bleeding. Menstruation can be accompanied with premenstrual and postmenstrual symptoms which include both physiological symptoms and psychological symptoms. It is important to treat both physiological and psychological symptoms with pharmacological and nonpharmacological treatment approaches.Methods: The study was a prospective observational study done with a sample size of 650 subjects of 9 to 18 age group in whom menstruation already occurred were recruited from five different schools in regions of Pathanamthitta and Alappuzha. The study was conducted in 3 phases, where initially a predesigned well-structured questionnaire was provided to assess the attitude, awareness and practices.Results: Subjects experienced some or other type of symptoms and had better knowledge regarding menstrual symptoms and its importance of management when compared to subjects from other regions of India which was imparted from a developed and supporting society but still, they lacked some adequate and updated information on symptoms and management of symptoms during menstruation.Conclusions: So, this study laid the groundwork for discussion on menstrual symptoms, various approaches of treatment to the adolescent girls, providing them the information they lacked and better guidance.
Role of Customer in Marketing and Development (RCMD) – a literature review

The purpose of this article is to review empirical researches on role of customer in marketing and development (RCMD) and betterment of the firm’s performance and pave the way for future researches. This article is a cumulative literature review of empirical articles on (RCMD). In previous empirical studies two units of analysis has been conducted (individual and firm unit) which includes two viewpoints: The customers' viewpoint and the firms’ viewpoint. The customers’ viewpoint that consider RCMD issues from customer perspectives and stresses on practices of customers in marketing and development. The company's viewpoint looks at RCMD issues from firms' perspectives and analyzes company's action of including customers and how RCMD may influence firm’s performance. During the investigation it was found that RCMD comprises of different streams of literature that follow various conventions and remain very detached from one another. However, there are some common themes between these two streams of researches. For instance, customer knowledge and experience has all seems to be vital for RCMD from the two points of view, learning capacities of a customer and of a firm have both been discovered to be exceptionally important for RCMD. It was also found that significantly less exploration is done from the firm's viewpoint to understand what drives firms to receive RCMD and what prepares them to effectively preform it. Ultimately, there was absence of hypothetical improvement in all subareas. This article goes beyond existing researches by uniting various streams of studies, evaluating key differences related to the concept and findings on antecedents and outcomes of RCMD. This article suggest that future studies ought to embrace a consistent and predictable conceptualization of RCMD and restrain using wide terms.