Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Management characteristics of cow-calf, stocker, and finishing operations in Kansas, Oklahoma, and Texas1

An assessment of the sustainability of beef production in the Kansas, Oklahoma, and Texas region requires information on their production practices. A voluntary survey was conducted for ranches and feedyards in the region along with site visits to gather information on production practices. Responses to the survey along with site visits represented 0.8% of the cows maintained and 9% of the cattle finished in the region, with a wide range in size and types of operations. Most characteristics of cow-calf and stocker ranches did not vary much across states, but there were differences in cow stocking rates and forage production from the wetter east side of the region to the drier, semiarid conditions of the west side. Average stocking rate decreased from 2.4 ha/cow (1.3 ha/ stocker) in the east to 15.7 ha/cow (4.6 ha/stocker) in the west, and more forage was harvested in the east along with greater use of fertilizers. The largest feedyards were located on the west side of the region; no other consistent differences in feedyard management were found across the region or among states. Two feedyards in central Kansas produced a major portion of their feed, whereas most of the others appeared to manage just enough cropland to dispose of feedyard runoff and minor amounts of manure. The information gathered is being used to develop representative operations for a comprehensive life-cycle assessment of the economic and environmental sustainability of beef cattle production in the region.
Effects of Forensic Accounting Techniques and Corporate Governance on Financial Performance of Listed Deposit Money Banks in Nigeria

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the effect of forensic accounting and corporate governance on the financial performance of listed deposit money banks in Nigeria. Theoretical framework: This study drew upon Agency Theory, to provide a theoretical foundation for examining the governance of a company and the conflicts of interest that arise among its shareholders, managers, and major debt providers. This was introduced to support the concepts of forensic accounting and corporate governance. Design/ Methodology/Approach: This study employed ex-post facto and panel data research designs. This study obtained data from the annual audited reports of deposit money banks that were listed in Nigeria. The study focused on a population of fifteen (15) deposit money banks listed on the Nigerian Exchange Group (NGX). The study employed a purposive sampling technique to select ten (10) firms due to the availability of a complete dataset of the targeted population. This study covered a period of eleven years from the year 2012 to 2022. The collected data in this study underwent analysis using both descriptive statistics and panel regression analysis techniques. Findings: The results found that forensic accounting and corporate governance had a significant effect on the financial performance of listed deposit money banks in Nigeria. This implies that these factors interact and contribute significantly to the banks' financial performance. Conclusion: It was concluded that fraud case disclosure highlights the significance of transparency and reporting mechanisms in deterring fraudulent activities and safeguarding banks' financial performance. Recommendation: The study recommends that deposit money banks should prioritize and improve the disclosure of fraud cases and mitigate fraud and other financial irregularities occurrences in order to cushion its adverse effects on financial performance and foster investor confidence.
Influence of Surgical Technique on Post-Operative Complications in the Extraction of the Lower Third Molar: A Retrospective Study

The surgical extraction of the impacted third molar is frequently associated with several complications. The purpose of this study is to assess how two different surgical protocols affect post-operative complications during the extraction of the lower impacted third molars. In order to compare and evaluate two different techniques (triangular flap vs. envelope flap), and the relative post-extraction complications, two groups of 150 patients each underwent to surgical impacted third molar extraction and 60 days of follow-up. The complication rate in the two groups was 14.00% in group A and 17.33% in group B. There was a strong association between smoking (OR: 2.8) and the use of oral contraceptives (OR: 1.75) with complications. The age- and sex-related incidence of complications in hard tissue healing has great variability in the literature; the analysis performed on our data did not show a statistically significant association between them. Even though related to a higher incidence of transient changes in sensitivity, it was found that the envelope flap saw a lower percentage of complications. There is still no clarity on which is the best protocol for the extraction of the lower impacted third molar, and the choice often depends on the surgeon’s experience.
Measuring the Role of Fraud Prevention and Sustainable Development Goals in Enhancing the Reputation of Government Agencies: As a Case Study

Purpose: This study investigates the mediating effect of fraud prevention and sustainable development goals (SDGs) on the relationship between Continuous Monitoring (CM) and Continuous Auditing (CA) on the reputation of government organizations. This idea was tested using a quantitative methodology in this study. Theoretical framework: Continuous monitoring, continuous auditing, fraud prevention, sustainable development goals, reputation Design/Methodology/Approach: The research instrument was a questionnaire filled out by the respondents. Participants in this study were all employees of the Inspectorate of Banten Province, Indonesia. For this study, 120 participants were selected using proportional stratification sampling, and data were analyzed using a structural equation model (SEM). Findings: This study found that CM had a positive and statistically significant effect on fraud prevention but did not affect the SDGs. Furthermore, CA does not affect fraud prevention but statistically affects the SDGs. In addition, fraud prevention has a statistical effect on the SDGs and the reputation of government agencies. The SDGs have a positive and significant effect on the reputation of government agencies. The mediating effect caused by fraud prevention and SDGs is that fraud prevention mediates the relationship between CM and reputation and CM and SDGs but does not mediate between CA and reputation and CA and SDGs. While the SDGs mediate between CA and reputation but do not mediate between CM and reputation. Research, Practical & Social implications: In further research, in order to conduct a broader research with other objects. The research is expected to be used for all companies. Originality/Value: This research proposes a novelty study that analyzes how fraud prevention and SDGs can mediate CM and CA on reputation.
Dry matter accumulation and remobilization in winter barley as affected by genotype and sowing date

Knowledge about the effect of genotypic variation and sowing date on dry matter accumulation, remobilization and partitioning in winter barley is important for crop management. Therefore, in field studies, six winter barley genotypes of various origin and maturity groups were studied across four sowing dates. In general, grain yield and dry matter content decreased with delayed sowing, after mid-October, and average grain yield in late October and November sowing was lower 14.2% and 16.9%, respectively, compared to the yield in the optimal sowing date. Among the tested genotypes, high grain yield and dry matter content was obtained from late and medium early barley genotypes. Delayed sowing dates, on average, reduced dry matter remobilization and contribution of vegetative dry matter to grain yield. In years characterized by high spring precipitation, late September and early October sowing of medium early and late barley genotypes enable increased accumulation and remobilization of dry matter and obtainment of high grain yield. [Projekat Ministarstva nauke Republike Srbije, br. TR-31066: Modern breeding of small grains for present and future needs]
An improved machine to produce nature-identical snow in the laboratory

Abstract We present an improved machine to produce nature-identical snow in a cold laboratory for reproducible experiments. The machine is based on the common supersaturation principle of blowing cold air over a heated water basin. The moist airstream is directed into a chamber, where it cools and the nucleation of ice crystals is promoted on stretched nylon wires. Snow crystals grow on the wires and are harvested regularly by a new automatic brush rack. Depending on the settings, different snow crystals can be produced, which are shown to be consistent with the Nakaya diagram. The main snow types are dendrites and needles. We prepared specimens from the snow produced by the snowmaker and analyzed them using microcomputer tomography. For dendrites we show that there are natural snow samples that have the same crystal shape and similar microstructural parameters, namely density and specific surface area. The machine can produce suitable amounts of snow for laboratory experiments in an efficient way. As an advantage over previous designs, uniform and reproducible snow samples can be generated under well-defined conditions.
OPTIMISING TINE WEEDING IN ORGANIC PEA CROPS

Field trials were undertaken over three years to determine the effect of tine weeding in organic pea (Pisum sativum) crops in Canterbury. The tine weeding treatments were performed either as single or repeated passes at different times of crop growth. Significant weed control and yield increase were achieved with a single pass of tine weeding either at preemergence or at the 2-leaf stage of the crop. On some occasions two passes of tine were required to control new weeds. Late post-emergence tine weeding did not have a positive effect on pea yield.
Na+ Binding and Transport: Insights from Light-Driven Na+-Pumping Rhodopsin

Na+ plays a vital role in numerous physiological processes across humans and animals, necessitating a comprehensive understanding of Na+ transmembrane transport. Among the various Na+ pumps and channels, light-driven Na+-pumping rhodopsin (NaR) has emerged as a noteworthy model in this field. This review offers a concise overview of the structural and functional studies conducted on NaR, encompassing ground/intermediate-state structures and photocycle kinetics. The primary focus lies in addressing key inquiries: (1) unraveling the translocation pathway of Na+; (2) examining the role of structural changes within the photocycle, particularly in the O state, in facilitating Na+ transport; and (3) investigating the timing of Na+ uptake/release. By delving into these unresolved issues and existing debates, this review aims to shed light on the future direction of Na+ pump research.
A new species of Rigiolepis (Ericaceae: Vaccinioideae) from the Gayo Plateau, Aceh Province, Indonesia

A new species of Ericaceae from the Gayo Plateau, Aceh Province, Indonesia is described. Rigiolepis gayoensis resembles R. lanceolata but differs by having shorter leaves, non-protruding basal leaf glands, longer flowering pedicels, a glabrous hypanthium, and a dark red or maroon corolla. A detailed morphological description, ecological notes, conservation status, and photographs are presented. The new species represents the third species of Rigiolepis found in the island of Sumatra. A key to the species of Rigiolepis in Sumatra is provided.
A Monte Carlo Method for Probabilistic Hazard Assessment of Induced Seismicity due to Conventional Natural Gas Production

Abstract A Monte Carlo approach to probabilistic seismic‐hazard analysis is developed for a case of induced seismicity associated with a compacting gas reservoir. The geomechanical foundation for the method is the work of Kostrov (1974) and McGarr (1976) linking total strain to summed seismic moment in an earthquake catalog. Our Monte Carlo method simulates future seismic hazard consistent with historical seismic and compaction datasets by sampling probability distributions for total seismic moment, event locations and magnitudes, and resulting ground motions. Ground motions are aggregated over an ensemble of simulated catalogs to give a probabilistic representation of the ground‐motion hazard. This approach is particularly well suited to the specific nature of the time‐dependent induced seismicity considered. We demonstrate the method by applying it to seismicity induced by reservoir compaction following gas production from the Groningen gas field. A new ground‐motion prediction equation (GMPE) tailored to the Groningen field has been derived by calibrating an existing GMPE with local strong‐motion data. For 2013–2023, we find a 2% chance of exceeding a peak ground acceleration of 0.57 g and a 2% chance of exceeding a peak ground velocity of 22 cm/s above the area of maximum compaction. Disaggregation shows that earthquakes of M w 4–5, at the shortest hypocentral distances of 3 km, and ground motions two standard deviations above the median make the largest contributions to this hazard. Uncertainty in the hazard is primarily due to uncertainty about the future fraction of induced strains that will be seismogenic and how ground motion and its variability will scale to larger magnitudes.
Conservation tests of Kluiklui from Agonlin district in Republic of Benin: Study of the Microbiological stability

Peanut (Arachis hypogea), or groundnut belongs to the family of Fabaceae native from South and Central America (Dillehay and Tom, 2007). It is a leguminous plant highly adapted to tropical and subtropical climates. It is a key crop for small scale farmers especially in Africa and Asia where the crop serve as a valuable source of dietary
Reappraisal of Asian Summer Monsoon Indices and the Long-Term Variation of Monsoon

The Webster and Yang monsoon index (WYI)-the zonal wind shear between 850 and 200 hPa was calculated and modified on the basis of NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data. After analyzing the circulation and divergence fields of 150-100 and 200 hPa, however, we found that the 200-hPa level could not reflect the real change of the upper-tropospheric circulation of Asian summer monsoon, especially the characteristics and variation of the tropical easterly jet which is the most important feature of the upper-tropospheric circulation. The zonal wind shear U850-U(150+100) is much larger than U850-U200, and thus it can reflect the strength of monsoon more appropriately. In addition, divergence is the largest at 150 hPa rather than 200 hPa, so 150 hPa in the upper-troposphere can reflect the coupling of the monsoon system. Therefore, WYI is redefined as DHI, i.e., IDH=U850* - U(150+100)*, which is able to characterize the variability of not only the intensity of the center of zonal wind shear in Asia, but also the monsoon system in the upper and lower troposphere. DHI is superior to WYI in featuring the long-term variation of Asian summer monsoon as it indicates there is obvious interdecadal variation in the Asian summer monsoon and the climate abrupt change occurred in 1980. The Asian summer monsoon was stronger before 1980 and it weakened after then due to the weakening of the easterly in the layer of 150-100 hPa, while easterly at 200 hPa did not weaken significantly. After the climate jump year in general, easterly in the upper troposphere weakened in Asia, indicating the weakening of summer monsoon; the land-sea pressure difference and thermal difference reduced, resulting in the weakening of monsoon; the corresponding upper divergence as well as the water vapor transport decreased in Indian Peninsula, central Indo-China Peninsula, North China, and Northeast China, indicating the weakening of summer monsoon as well. The difference between NCEP/NCAR and ERA-40 reanalysis data in studying the intensity and long-term variation of Asian summer monsoon is also compared in the end for reference.
The relative contributions of forest growth and areal expansion to forest biomass carbon

Abstract. Forests play a leading role in regional and global terrestrial carbon (C) cycles. Changes in C sequestration within forests can be attributed to areal expansion (increase in forest area) and forest growth (increase in biomass density). Detailed assessment of the relative contributions of areal expansion and forest growth to C sinks is crucial to reveal the mechanisms that control forest C sinks and it is helpful for developing sustainable forest management policies in the face of climate change. Using the Forest Identity concept and forest inventory data, this study quantified the spatial and temporal changes in the relative contributions of forest areal expansion and increased biomass growth to China's forest biomass C sinks from 1977 to 2008. Over the last 30 years, the areal expansion of forests has been a larger contributor to C sinks than forest growth for planted forests in China (62.2 % vs. 37.8 %). However, for natural forests, forest growth has made a larger contribution than areal expansion (60.4 % vs. 39.6 %). For all forests (planted and natural forests), growth in area and density has contributed equally to the total C sinks of forest biomass in China (50.4 % vs. 49.6 %). The relative contribution of forest growth of planted forests showed an increasing trend from an initial 25.3 % to 61.0 % in the later period of 1998 to 2003, but for natural forests, the relative contributions were variable without clear trends, owing to the drastic changes in forest area and biomass density over the last 30 years. Our findings suggest that afforestation will continue to increase the C sink of China's forests in the future, subject to sustainable forest growth after the establishment of plantations.
Real-Time Clustering Based on Deep Embeddings for Threat Detection in 6G Networks

Trials and deployments of sixth Generation (6G) wireless networks, delivering extreme capacity, reliability, and efficiency, are expected as early as 2030. Attempts from both industry and academia are trying to define the next generation network infrastructure. 6G will set in motion the fourth industrial revolution, delivering global, integrated intelligence. In this scenario, Artificial Intelligence (AI)-assisted architecture for 6G networks will realize knowledge discovery, automatic network adjustment and intelligent service provisioning. The long-term vision for implementing 6G security is to implement an autonomous, self-learning AI-assisted architecture that can perform threat mitigation without disrupting the normal use, enabling the resilience and reliability of the network and fulfilling security automation. This work proposes a first implementation of a proactive threat discovery service to be deployed at 6G base stations, paving the way for collective network intelligence in the context of cybersecurity mechanisms. Specifically, a fully unsupervised Deep Learning (DL) model is presented, able to recognize both Denial of Service (DoS) Hulk and DoS Goldeneye, with 97.0% and 92.2% mean F1-score respectively.
Determining long time‐scale hyporheic zone flow paths in Antarctic streams

In the McMurdo Dry Valleys of Antarctica, glaciers are the source of meltwater during the austral summer, and the streams and adjacent hyporheic zones constitute the entire physical watershed; there are no hillslope processes in these systems. Hyporheic zones can extend several metres from each side of the stream, and are up to 70 cm deep, corresponding to a lateral cross‐section as large as 12 m2, and water resides in the subsurface year around. In this study, we differentiate between the near‐stream hyporheic zone, which can be characterized with stream tracer experiments, and the extended hyporheic zone, which has a longer time‐scale of exchange. We sampled stream water from Green Creek and from the adjacent saturated alluvium for stable isotopes of D and 18O to assess the significance and extent of stream‐water exchange between the streams and extended hyporheic zones over long time‐scales (days to weeks). Our results show that water residing in the extended hyporheic zone is much more isotopically enriched (up to 11‰ D and 2·2‰ 18O) than stream water. This result suggests a long residence time within the extended hyporheic zone, during which fractionation has occurred owing to summer evaporation and winter sublimation of hyporheic water. We found less enriched water in the extended hyporheic zone later in the flow season, suggesting that stream water may be exchanged into and out of this zone, on the time‐scale of weeks to months. The transient storage model OTIS was used to characterize the exchange of stream water with the extended hyporheic zone. Model results yield exchange rates (α) generally an order magnitude lower (10−5 s−1) than those determined using stream‐tracer techniques on the same stream. In light of previous studies in these streams, these results suggest that the hyporheic zones in Antarctic streams have near‐stream zones of rapid stream‐water exchange, where ‘fast’ biogeochemical reactions may influence water chemistry, and extended hyporheic zones, in which slower biogeochemical reaction rates may affect stream‐water chemistry at longer time‐scales. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Theoretical Simulation of Extended Mid-Wave Infrared High Operating Temperature InSb pBn Photodetectors

The application of the barrier architecture exhibits the potential in reducing the noise current and improving the performance of photodetectors. However, the development of mid-infrared InSb barrier detector is lagging far behind its III-V counterparts due to the problem of lattice mismatch. In this paper, we proposed two InSb barrier detectors that have reduced dark current and raised operating temperatures with the help of commercial software APSYS platform. The incorporation of a In0.72 Al0.28Sb barrier architecture to the InSb absorber offers a significant dark current reduction over the conventional InSb photodiode, regardless the presence of strain-induced defects within the barrier layers. At 150 K, the InSb bulk barrier detector has a cutoff wavelength at <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$5.65 \mu \text{m}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>. With a barrier design, the dark current, <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$9.96\times 10^{-3}\text{A}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>/cm2 at −220 mV, is about 77 times lower than the InSb photodiode and the specific detectivity is about <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$2.07\times 10 ^{11}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> cm Hz<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$^{1/2}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>/W with a–220 mV bias voltage, which brings approximately an order of magnitude of performance improvement.