Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect of dietary fish oil on biohydrogenation of fatty acids and milk fatty acid content in cows

Mechanisms underlying milk fat conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) responses to supplements of fish oil were investigated using five lactating cows each fitted with a rumen cannula in a simple experiment consisting of two consecutive 14-day experimental periods. During the first period cows were offered 18 kg dry matter (DM) per day of a basal (B) diet formulated from grass silage and a cereal based-concentrate (0·6 : 0·4; forage : concentrate ratio, on a DM basis) followed by the same diet supplemented with 250 g fish oil per day (FO) in the second period. The flow of non-esterified fatty acids leaving the rumen was measured using the omasal sampling technique in combination with a triple indigestible marker method based on Li-Co-EDTA, Yb-acetate and Cr-mordanted straw. Fish oil decreased DM intake and milk yield, but had no effect on milk constituent content. Milk fat trans-11 C 18:1 , total trans-C 18 : 1 , cis-9 trans-11 CLA, total CLA, C 18 : 2 (n-6) and total C 18 : 2 content were increased in response to fish oil from 1·80, 4·51, 0·39, 0·56, 0·90 and 1·41 to 9·39, 14·39, 1·66, 1·85, 1·25 and 4·00 g/100 g total fatty acids, respectively. Increases in the cis-9, trans-11 isomer accounted for proportionately 0·89 of the CLA response to fish oil. Furthermore, fish oil decreased the flow of C 18 : 0 (283 and 47 g/day for B and FO, respectively) and increased that of trans-C 18 : 1 fatty acids entering the omasal canal (38 and 182 g/day). Omasal flows of trans-C 18 : 1 acids with double bonds in positions from delta-4 to -15 inclusive were enhanced, but the effects were isomer dependent and primarily associated with an increase in trans-11 C18 : 1 leaving the rumen (17·1 and 121·1 g/day for B and FO, respectively). Fish oil had no effect on total (4·36 and 3·50 g/day) or cis-9, trans-11 CLA (2·86 and 2·08 g/day) entering the omasal canal. Flows of cis-9, trans-11 CLA were lower than the secretion of this isomer in milk. Comparison with the transfer of the trans-9, trans-11 isomer synthesized in the rumen suggested that proportionately 0·66 and 0·97 of cis-9, trans-11 CLA was derived from endogenous conversion of trans-11 C 18 : 1 in the mammary gland for B and FO, respectively. It is concluded that fish oil enhances milk fat cis-9, trans-11 CLA content in response to increased supply of trans-11 C 18:1 that arises from an inhibition of trans-C 18 : 1 reduction in the rumen.
Plant community response to regional sources of dominant grasses in grasslands restored across a longitudinal gradient

Citation: Wilson, L. R. , Gibson, D. J., Baer, S. G. , & Johnson, L. C. (2016). Plant community response to regional sources of dominant grasses in grasslands restored across a longitudinal gradient. Ecosphere, 7(4), 16. doi:10.1002/ecs2.1329
Sustainability of Fish Fillet Processing Industries in Batang District

Highlights Sustainability index from fish fillet industry is important to know because a fishing industry just not looking for feasibility study in economic dimension but all dimension (resources, technology, social, legal and institutional) Multidimension sustainability index from fish fillet processing industry in Batang is included in the category of “Self Sustainable” with a value of 50.39 The dimensions causes of the low sustainability in fish fillet industry are social, legal and institutional, and technology with the value of each dimension that is 48.6; 40.27; 48.9 in means “less sustainable” Abstract The existence of fish fillet processing industries in Batang are able to have a positive impact on the surrounding community because it can create employment opportunities and increase community income. Therefore, it is necessary to know the importance of the sustainability of fish fillet processing industries to see the prospect of fishery business after a feasibility study. The aims of this study were to analyze the sustainability index value, determine the sensitive attributes of each dimension, and provide alternative management strategies of fish fillet processing industries in Batang. The method of analysis used was Rapfish method which is based on the technique of ordination by putting something measured using MDS on the program of Rapfish G77 Alscal program (VBA and Excel). Status management of fish fillet processing industries sustainability in Batang, which are multidimensionally sustainable, are 50.39. Whereas in other dimensions such as resources 58.20 (quite sustainable), economic 55.33 (fairly continuous), social 48.60 (less sustainable), legal and institutional 40.27 (less sustainable) and technological 48.90 (less sustainable). Based on this results, several management strategies should be prepared including increasing the capacity of government institutions, enhancing the role of fish fillet processing industry on society, increasing the application of technology and infrastructure, increasing the revenue of the entrepreneurs of fish fillet processing industry, preventing decline of quality and quantity of fish resources.
Effect of heavy metals from an electronic waste open dumping area on the cytotoxicity of climbing perch (Anabas testudineus)

ABSTRACT Abnormal chromosomes in climbing perch (Anabas testudineus) from a reservoir near an electronic waste (e-waste) open dumping area compared with reference area were investigated. The Cd, Pb, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni and Zn concentrations in water and sediment did not exceed the standard limit of Thailand. The Cd, Pb and Cr concentrations in A. testudineus from the e-waste area exceeded the food standard. The heavy metal concentrations in the A. testudineus samples from the e-waste and the reference areas were significantly different (p < 0.05), except for Mn. There were five types of abnormal chromosomes: centromere gap, deletion, fragmentation, single chromatid gap and single chromatid decomposition. The percentages of abnormal chromosomes in the A. testudineus cells from the e-waste and the reference areas were significantly different (p < 0.05). The results indicated that Cd, Pb and Cr concentrations from the e-waste area could induce the occurrence of abnormal chromosomes in A. testudineus.
Study of mechanical properties of modified and unmodified double-walled carbon nanotubes

In the past decade a large interest is developed to carbon nanotubes (CNTs) that exhibit exceptional mechanical and electrical properties. In this paper, the finite element model (FE) is combined with the modified Morse interatomic potential and the molecular structural mechanics approach in order to study the role of diameter and chirality in the mechanical properties of Armchair and Zigzag double-walled carbon nanotubes (DWCNTs). The interlayer van der Waals (vdW) forces are represented by the ‘6–12’ Lennard–Jones (LJ) potential and simulated by a nonlinear truss rod model. The results show the Young’s and shear modulus of DWCNTs increases with increasing the nanotube diameter. The computational results agree well with the previous experimental and theoretical results.
Prevalence of oral Candida carriage in denture wearers

Objectives To compare the prevalence and species of Candida in the oral cavity of denture wearers and non denture wearers. Materials and methods A total of 80 subjects were studied: 40 denture wearers and 40 non-denture wearers, matched by age and sex, comprised the experimental and control groups, respectively. Each subject was instructed to perform oral rinsing using a phosphate-buffered saline solution, which was expectorated and processed for the recovery of Candida on Sabouraud’s dextrose agar. Isolates were speciated by culturing on chromogenic candida agar and noting species-specific colony characteristics. Results The prevalence of Candida carriage was 85.00% in denture wearers and 77.50% in non-denture wearing patients. C. albicans was the most frequently isolated species, followed by C. tropicalis , C. glabrata , C. parapsilosis and C. krusei . The distribution of Candida species among each patient varied from one to four species. The differences in prevalence and distribution of Candida species in asymptomatic denture wearers compared to non-denture wearers were not statistically significant ( p > 0.05). Conclusion Asymptomatic denture wearers and non-denture wearers did not differ in Candida carriage. (CU Dent J. 2009;32:101-12) Key words: Candida; carriage; denture; prevalence
Supplementation of black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) on productivity and blood hematology

Black Soldier Fly larvae are natural antibiotics. The use of methanol extract in BSF larvae has a dual function, namely high protein content and high antibiotic content to kill Gram-negative bacteria. The biological structure of BSF larvae with antimicrobial peptide (AMP) acts as an inhibitor of pathogenic microorganisms, has a high lauric acid function as a natural antimicrobial and chitin, the polysaccharide plays a role in enhancing the immune response of the animal. This study aims to gain the best type of BSF protein from feed treatments containing live BSF, dry BSF, and BSF extract to increase blood productivity and hematology. The results of this study show that the best P3 treatment for the productivity of laying hens at the age of 18 to 26 weeks with the use of BSF extract since it contains the highest protein compared to other treatments. Productivity variables show the best P3 treatment, each egg weight 57.17 g bird -1 , daily egg production 90.88%, egg mass 2408.16 g bird -1 and ration conversion 2.0. The mean hematology of the blood showed the highest P3 treatment, each erythrocyte 2.91±0.13 x 10 6 mm -3 , leucocytes 17.69±3.68 x 10 3 mm -3 , hematocrit 27.8±1.14%, hemoglobin 9.96±1.12%, MCV 95.77±4.41 fl, MCHC 35.99±5.21%, MCH 34.38±4.53 pg, lymphocytes 61.2 ± 4.86%, heterophile 31.2±2%, monocytes 5±0.62% and ratio H/L 0.51±0.04.
Reliability of Creative Composite Indicators with Territorial Specification in the EU

There is wide consensus regarding the capacity of the creative economy as a factor in economic development and sustainability in regions in the medium term, and it is an issue that has aroused interest in measuring the creative potential of areas by estimating composite indicators. Most works posit indicators by countries or cities and normally employ a single aggregation method. This work proposes the construction of a synthetic indicator of creativity with regional disaggregation for a wide sample of European countries, comparing different aggregation methods under the hypothesis of the benefit of the doubt (BoD). We use Eurostat data and also analyse spatial dependence processes. Findings point to an inequality in the regional distribution of creativity in Europe and this reveals creative gap models in areas, suggesting that creativity triggers greater spatial disparities wherever it is found. The principal creative clusters are located in regions in central and northern Europe, particularly in regions with national capitals. The regional distribution of the indicator evidences positive spatial dependence, thereby revealing the existence of spatial externalities that provide feedback for the concentration process and, therefore, a widening of the disparities.
High-Skill Migration, Multinational Companies and the Location of Economic Activity

This paper aims to understand the relationship between high-skill immigration and multinational activity. I assemble a novel firm-level dataset on high-skill visas and show that there is a large home bias effect: foreign multinationals hire more immigrants from their home countries than from other origins. I then build and estimate a quantitative model that relates multinational production with immigration. First, I impose a restrictive immigration policy in the US and evaluate how it affects production and wages. Second, I increase the barriers to multinational production and show that immigration is an important channel to quantify the welfare gains generated by multinationals.
The influence of zooplankton communities on the feeding behavior of whale shark in Bahia de La Paz, Gulf of California

The whale shark is the world’s largest filter feeding shark and holds international protection as an endangered species. It is known to form seasonal aggregations linked to blooms of zooplanktonic organisms. The aim of this study was to investigate whether whale shark foraging behaviors are related to the density and/or concentration of available prey items. Zooplankton samples were obtained between October-2016 and March-2017 from Bahia de La Paz in the absence (n =32) and presence (n = 12) of foraging whale sharks. Results indicated that zooplankton biomass was 1.6 times significantly greater (t = -3.21, p 0.05). The dominant taxonomic groups were copepods and chaetognaths with no significant differences found in the mean number of copepods (t = -1.81, p > 0.05), chaetognaths (t = -1.70, p > 0.05), euphausiids (t = -0.12, p > 0.05) and decapods (t = -1.80, p > 0.05), between the presence and absence of feeding whale sharks. In conclusion, whale sharks feeding behaviors occur during higher concentrations of zooplankton biomass and the species may potentially target dense patches of both copepods and chaetognaths.
Technical Education and Graduates’ Employability in Nigeria

This paper examined the relevance of technical education to labour market requirements and its graduates’ employability in Nigeria. Descriptive survey design was used for the study. A sample of 4 public universities in the south west Nigeria that offer Technical Education was drawn using purposive sampling technique. While simple random sampling technique was used to select 5 lecturers in the department of Technical Education from the sampled universities. The study developed and used a questionnaire tagged “Technical Education & Graduate Employability Questionnaire (TEGEQ)” with a reliability coefficient of 0.83. Inferential statistic of Pearson’s Product Moment Correlation was employed to analyse the data and the null hypotheses developed for the study were tested at 0.05 level of significance. The findings revealed that there was significant relationship between technical education and competencies required by potential employers; graduates’ skills to progress within an enterprise; graduates’ abilities to compete effectively in the job market. Finally, there was significant relationship between technical education and graduates’ potentials to be self-employed. It is therefore recommended among others that Technical education needs to be given the necessary attention and support by Nigerian government so as to ensure it responds to the labour market needs as well as future manpower requirements.
Role of meteorological temperature and relative humidity in the January-February 2020 propagation of 2019-nCoV in Wuhan, China

Identified in December 2019, the 2019-nCoV emerged in Wuhan, China, and its spread increased rapidly, with cases arising across Mainland China and several other countries. By January 2020, the potential risks imposed by 2019-nCoV in human health and economical activity were promptly highlighted. Considerable efforts have been devoted for understanding the transmission mechanisms aimed to pursue public policies oriented to mitigate the number of infected and deaths. An important question requiring some attention is the role of meteorological variables (e.g., temperature and humidity) in the 2019-nCoV transmission. Correlations between meteorological temperature and relative humidity with the number of daily confirmed cases were explored in this work for the epicenter city of Wuhan, China for the period from 29 January to March 6, 2020. Long-term trend of temperature and relative humidity was obtained with a 14-days adjacent-averaging filter, and lagged correlations of the number of daily confirmed cases were explored. The analysis showed negative correlations between temperatures with the number of daily confirmed cases. Maximum correlations were found for 6-day lagged temperatures, which is likely reflecting the incubation period of the virus. It was postulated that the indoor crowding effect is responsible of the high incidence of 2019-nCoV cases, where low absolute humidity and close human contact facilitate the transport of aerosol droplets.
Feeling time in nature: The influence of directed and undirected attention on time awareness

Funding information German Research Foundation, Grant/Award Number: 197396619–SFB 1015 Summary In the present study, we examined the impact of the interaction of environmental and task-induced attentional focus on time perception, specifically awareness of the time flow. We tested 48 participants in either a natural or urban setting over three 25to 35-min sessions. We manipulated the within-subjects factor task by means of two tasks—one requiring directed attention on the task itself, the other undirected attention on the environment—alongside a control condition with no specific task. We measured time awareness, passage of time judgments, felt time judgments, and estimated time as dependent variables. For time awareness, we found an interaction between environment and task: in the natural environment, only a task requiring directed attention reduced time awareness; whereas, in the urban environment, both tasks reduced time awareness compared to the control condition. The results suggest that natural environments increase time awareness unless we focus our attention on a task.
Microarray data mining and gene regulatory network analysis

The novel molecular biological technology, microarray, makes it feasible to obtain quantitative measurements of expression of thousands of genes present in a biological sample simultaneously. Genome-wide expression data generated from this technology are promising to uncover the implicit, previously unknown biological knowledge. In this study, several problems about microarray data mining techniques were investigated, including feature (gene) selection, classifier genes identification, generation of reference genetic interaction network for non-model organisms and gene regulatory network reconstruction using time-series gene expression data. The limitations of most of the existing computational models employed to infer gene regulatory network lie in that they either suffer from low accuracy or computational complexity. To overcome such limitations, the following strategies were proposed to integrate bioinformatics data mining techniques with existing GRN inference algorithms, which enables the discovery of novel biological knowledge. An integrated statistical and machine learning (ISML) pipeline was developed for feature selection and classifier genes identification to solve the challenges of the curse of dimensionality problem as well as the huge search space. Using the selected classifier genes as seeds, a scale-up technique is applied to search through major databases of genetic interaction networks, metabolic pathways, etc. By curating relevant genes and blasting genomic sequences of non-model organisms against well-studied genetic model organisms, a reference gene regulatory network for less-studied organisms was built and used both as prior knowledge and model validation for GRN reconstructions. Networks of gene interactions were inferred using a Dynamic Bayesian Network (DBN) approach and were analyzed for elucidating the dynamics caused by perturbations. Our proposed pipelines were applied to investigate molecular mechanisms for chemical-induced reversible neurotoxicity.
How confident are you? Exploring the role of fillers in the automatic prediction of a speaker’s confidence

"Fillers", example "um" in English, have been linked to the "Feeling of Another’s Knowing (FOAK)" or the listener’s perception of a speaker’s expressed confidence. Yet, in Spoken Language Processing (SLP) they remain unexplored, or overlooked as noise. We introduce a new and challenging task, that is the prediction of FOAK, which we think has widespread applicability, given the increasing popularity of automatic processing of educational and job interviews, reviews and speeches. We design a set of filler features based on linguistic literature, and investigate their potential in FOAK prediction. We show that the integration of information related to implicature meanings allows an improvement in the FOAK model and that the different functions of fillers are differently correlated with confidence.
Characterisation of Listeria monocytogenes Isolates from Poultry by Serotyping and Phage Typing

With the aim of improving the knowledge of Listeria monocytogenestypes distributed in poultry, isolates collected from a hundred eviscerated and refrigerated chicken carcasses from four different slaughterhouse plants in northwest Spain were characterised by serotyping and phage typing. Forty-two phage patterns were observed. Eight phage patterns (43, 43/387, 43/387/4477/1652 and 43/19/387/575 for strains of serogroup 1/2 and 107, 108/107/47, 2389 and 2389/3274 for strains of serogroup 4) were the most common. Thus, thirty strains (56.60% of phage typeable strains) showed the above-mentioned or indistinguishable (1 major phage reaction differences for serogroup 1/2 strains or 2 major differences for serogroup 4) patterns. A wide distribution of some L. monocytogenesphage types was observed because different chicken carcasses (including carcasses from different slaughterhouses) were contaminated with the same or indistinguishable L. monocytogenesphage types. Besides, more than one type (serogroup or phage type) of L. monocytogeneswas detected in 43.75% of positive samples. This finding emphasised the usefulness of subtyping several Listeria monocytogenesisolates from the same food sample in epidemiological studies.
Maize (Zea mays) yield and its relationship to soil properties under integrated fertility, mulch and tillage management in urban agriculture

Urban agriculture improves people’s livelihoods in developing countries. An experiment was carried out to assess effects of soil fertility, mulch and tillage on soil organic carbon (SOC), aggregate stability (Ima), bulk density (BD), steady state infiltration rate (SSIR) and maize yield. Cattle manure (CM) + mineral N fertilizer, 0 or 5 t ha−1 mulch and reduced tillage (RT) or conventional tillage (CT) treatments were imposed on sandy and red clay soils in Harare. After two cropping seasons, soil samples were taken from 0–5, 5–15 and 15–30 cm depths and SSIR was measured on site. RT significantly improved (p < 0.01) SOC and Ima in the 0–5 cm depth by at least 6% over CT. SOC and Ima increased by at least 13% under CM + mineral N fertilizer compared with sole mineral fertilizer. CM + mineral N fertilizer increased SSIR by at least 17% over sole mineral fertilizer, whilst mulching improved SSIR by at least 8% and RT by 27% in both soils. Maize yields significantly increased (p < 0.05) by at least 3.7 times in both soils under mineral fertilizer. Principal component analyses showed that yield could be predicted using BD on sandy soils and Ima and SSIR on red clay soils.