Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Development of an IgY-Based Treatment to Control Bovine Coronavirus Diarrhea in Dairy Calves

Bovine Coronavirus (BCoV) is a major pathogen associated with neonatal calf diarrhea. Standard practice dictates that to prevent BCoV diarrhea, dams should be immunized in the last stage of pregnancy to increase BCoV-specific antibody (Ab) titers in serum and colostrum. For the prevention to be effective, calves need to suck maternal colostrum within the first six to twelve hours of life before gut closure to ensure a good level of passive immunity. The high rate of maternal Ab transfer failure resulting from this process posed the need to develop alternative local passive immunity strategies to strengthen the prevention and treatment of BCoV diarrhea. Immunoglobulin Y technology represents a promising tool to address this gap. In this study, 200 laying hens were immunized with BCoV to obtain spray-dried egg powder enriched in specific IgY Abs to BCoV on a large production scale. To ensure batch-to-batch product consistency, a potency assay was statistically validated. With a sample size of 241, the BCoV-specific IgY ELISA showed a sensitivity and specificity of 97.7% and 98.2%, respectively. ELISA IgY Abs to BCoV correlated with virus-neutralizing Ab titers (Pearson correlation, R2 = 0.92, p < 0.001). Most importantly, a pilot efficacy study in newborn calves showed a significant delay and shorter duration of BCoV-associated diarrhea and shedding in IgY-treated colostrum-deprived calves. Calves were treated with milk supplemented with egg powder (final IgY Ab titer to BCoV ELISA = 512; VN = 32) for 14 days as a passive treatment before a challenge with BCoV and were compared to calves fed milk with no supplementation. This is the first study with proof of efficacy of a product based on egg powder manufactured at a scale that successfully prevents BCoV-associated neonatal calf diarrhea.
Exceptional congruences for powers of the partition function

The study of the arithmetic properties of p(n) has a long history beginning with the fundamental work of Ramanujan [R1–R4]. When r is an integer, we denote by Pr the rth power of Euler’s generating function. In this paper, we study arithmetic properties of the coefficients of Pr when r is positive. Therefore, we define the arithmetic functions pr(n), which we call the rth powers of the partition function, by
Influence of Environmental Exposure to Steel Waste on Endocrine Dysregulation and PER3 Gene Polymorphisms

Objective: To evaluate the association between environmental exposure to the following chemical substances: cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), nickel (Ni), manganese (Mn), benzene (BZN), and toluene (TLN), and Period Circadian Regulator 3 (PER3) gene variable number of tandem repeats (VNTR) polymorphisms, according to chronotype in a population living in a steel residue-contaminated area. Methods: This assessment comprises a study conducted from 2017 to 2019 with 159 participants who completed health, work, and Pittsburgh sleep scale questionnaires. Cd, Pb, Ni, Mn, BZN, and TLN concentrations in blood and urine were determined by Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (GFAAS) and Headspace Gas Chromatography (GC), and genotyping was carried out using Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). Results: A total of 47% of the participants were afternoon chronotype, 42% were indifferent, and 11% were morning chronotype. Insomnia and excessive sleepiness were associated with the indifferent chronotype, while higher urinary manganese levels were associated with the morning chronotype (Kruskal–Wallis chi-square = 9.16; p < 0.01). In turn, the evening chronotype was associated with poorer sleep quality, higher lead levels in blood, and BZN and TLN levels in urine (χ2 = 11.20; p < 0.01) in non-occupationally exposed individuals (χ2 = 6.98; p < 0.01) as well as the highest BZN (χ2 = 9.66; p < 0.01) and TLN (χ2 = 5.71; p < 0.01) levels detected in residents from the influence zone 2 (far from the slag). Conclusion: Mn, Pb, benzene, and toluene contaminants may have influenced the different chronotypes found in the steel residue-exposed population.
Classification of Generic Singularities for the Planar Time-Optimal Synthesis

This paper is concerned with control systems on the plane with control appearing linearly. It is known that under generic conditions the problem of reaching points from the origin in minimum time admits a regular synthesis. The minimum time function is piecewise smooth, possibly nondifferentiable on a set that is a finite union of embedded submanifolds of dimension 1 or 0, called singularities. The purpose of the present paper is to provide a classification of all types of singularities arising under generic conditions.
A Laboratory Evaluation of the New Automated Pollen Sensor Beenose: Pollen Discrimination Using Machine Learning Techniques

The monitoring of airborne pollen has received much attention over the last decade, as the prevalence of pollen-induced allergies is constantly increasing. Today, the most common technique to identify airborne pollen species and to monitor their concentrations is based on manual analysis. Here, we present a new, low-cost, real-time optical pollen sensor, called Beenose, that automatically counts and identifies pollen grains by performing measurements at multiple scattering angles. We describe the data pre-processing steps and discuss the various statistical and machine learning methods that have been implemented to distinguish different pollen species. The analysis is based on a set of 12 pollen species, several of which were selected for their allergic potency. Our results show that Beenose can provide a consistent clustering of the pollen species based on their size properties, and that pollen particles can be separated from non-pollen ones. More importantly, 9 out of 12 pollen species were correctly identified with a prediction score exceeding 78%. Classification errors occur for species with similar optical behaviour, suggesting that other parameters should be considered to provide even more robust pollen identification.
Ion acoustic double layers

It is found that, by means of numerical simulations, an ion acoustic instability (v/sub d/ < v/sub te/) results in the formation of double layers in a sufficiently long system. Anomalous resistivity generated by the ion acoustic instability causes the buildup of a dc potential which in turn accelerates electrons further to enhance the original instability leading to the formation of double layers. A necessary condition required for generating a double layer is given.
Optimization of parameters for drilling composite materials with freeform surfaces

ABSTRACT In the drilling process, the angle of surface is one of the parameters that affect hole quality. In study, the effects of feed rate, spindle speed and surface angle on the thrust force, roughness, and delamination, which are the factors affecting the quality of hole, were investigated in the drilling of GFRP (glass fiber reinforced polymer) and CFRP (carbon fiber reinforced polymer) with freeform surfaces. With ANOVA (Analysis of Variance) and regression analysis, the parameter effects were statistically compared, and descriptive mathematical models were derived. The mathematical models were subjected to the Genetic Algorithm approach according to the different surface angles determined and the optimum parameter values were calculated. Guiding data were obtained about the effects of machining on hole quality in drilling composite at different surface angles, which is the main motivation of the study. Optimization results will improve hole quality on curved surfaces, while saving cost and time. Graphical Abstract
The 158 micron forbidden C II line - A measure of global star formation activity in galaxies

Some 158 micron forbidden C II fine structure line observations from a sample of fourteen gas rich galaxies are reported. These measurements confirm and generalize previous basic results that the C II line is bright amounting to approximately 0.1 to 1 percent of the FIR luminosity of the nuclear regions of galaxies; the C II line is formed in the warm (temperature of the gas is greater than 200 K), dense (n sub H greater than 1000/cu cm) photodissociated gas at the interfaces between giant molecular clouds and ionized gas regions and is therefore associated with the molecular gas component in spiral galaxies; the C II line tracks the FIR continuum in a manner consistent with the PDR models; the integrated C II to isotope (C-12)D (transition 1 to 0) line ratio is large (greater than or equal to 1000) in all galaxies studied, and is similarly large for galactic molecular clouds; the C II line is therefore energetically very important for the study of giant molecular clouds. Conclusions obtained from these results are given. 156 refs.
Open 3-manifolds which are simply connected at infinity

A triangulated open manifold M will be called 1-connected at infinity if each compact subset C of M is contained in a compact polyhedron P in M such that M-P is connected and simply connected. Stallings has shown that, if M is a contractible open combinatorial manifold which is 1-connected at infinity and is of dimension n> 5, then M is piecewise-linearly homeomorphic to Euclidean n-space En [5].
Velocity measurement in the extensive [OIII] emission region 1.2° south-east of M31

The discovery of a broad, $\sim$1.5$^{\circ}$ long filamentary [OIII] 5007 emission $\sim$1.2$^{\circ}$ south-east of the M31 nucleus has recently been reported. More than 100 hours of exposures of a wide field (3.48$^{\circ} \times 2.32^{\circ}$) have allowed this pioneering detection based on 30 \AA\ narrow-band filters and several small refractors equipped with large cameras. We report a first velocity measurement in this extensive [OIII] emission line region. We used the low-resolution spectrograph MISTRAL (R $\sim$ 750), a facility of the Haute-Provence Observatory 193 cm telescope. The velocity measurement is based on the H$\alpha$, [NII], [SII] and [OIII] lines. The best solution to fit the spectrum indicates that the H$\alpha$ and [OIII] emissions are at the same heliocentric line-of-sight velocity of -96$\pm$4 km s$^{-1}$. This was measured within an area of $\sim$250 arcsec$^2$ selected on a bright knot along the long filament of $\sim$1.5$^{\circ}$, together with a [OIII]5007 surface brightness of 4.2$\pm$2.1 10$^{-17}$ erg s$^{-1}$ cm$^{-2}$ arcsec$^{-2}$. This agrees moderately well with the previous measurement. We also estimated the H$\alpha$/[NII] line ratio as $\sim$1.1. The radial velocities at which the H$\alpha$ and [OIII] lines were detected seem to show that these hydrogen and oxygen atoms belong to the same layer, but we cannot exclude that another weaker [OIII] line, belonging to another structure, that is, at another velocity, is below our detection threshold. Different scenarios have been considered to explain this filamentary structure.
Spatially resolved optical and near infrared spectroscopy of I Zw 18

For a long time, I Zw 18 has been recognized as the lowest abundance extra-galactic HII region (with the possible recent exception of SBS 0335-052; Izotov 1989). As such, it is important for many studies, including the determination of the primordial helium abundance. Recent imaging studies of I Zw 18 have revealed a more complex structure to I Zw 18 than the simple two-component model previously assumed. This has given rise to concern about the reliability of chemical abundance measurements derived for I Zw 18. Researchers have obtained long-slit spectra covering the wavelength range lambda 3650 to lambda 10,000, which allow us to measure physical parameters and chemical abundances as a function of position. With these new data we can investigate the SE component, which has not been studied previously, and we can address some of the concerns about abundance uncertainties.
Knowledge, Attitude and Worry in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq during the Mpox (Monkeypox) Outbreak in 2022: An Online Cross-Sectional Study

The rapid spread of monkeypox (mpox) has been declared as a public health emergency of international concern (PHEIC). The present study aimed to assess the knowledge, attitude, and worry levels of the general population in the Kurdistan region of Iraq regarding the ongoing mpox multi-country outbreak. An online cross-sectional survey was conducted between 27–30 July 2022, using a convenience sampling method. The questionnaire was adapted from previous studies addressing the same topic. The independent Student’s t-test, one-way ANOVA, and logistic regression were used to assess possible factors associated with knowledge, attitude, and worry toward mpox. A total of 510 respondents were included in the final analysis. The participants showed a moderate level of mpox knowledge, a neutral attitude towards mpox, and a relatively moderate worry level. The logistic regression analysis showed that age, gender, marital status, religion, level of education, and place of residence were associated with mpox knowledge; however, the significant variables in the multivariate regression analysis were gender, religion, level of education, and residential area. Gender and residential area were associated with attitudes toward mpox; however, the significant variables in the multivariate regression analysis were gender and residential areas. The worry toward mpox was influenced by gender, marital status, religion, and place of residence, yet the significant variables in the multivariate regression analysis were gender, religion, educational level, and residential area. In conclusion, the Kurdish population had moderate knowledge, a neutral attitude, and a moderate level of worry about mpox. Considering the continuous rapid rise in mpox cases in several countries, and its possible risk as pandemic amid the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, proactive control measures, adequate disease prevention strategies, and preparedness plans need to be formulated and immediately implemented to tackle the appearance of fears among people, and to safeguard the mental health of the public.
Finite Impulse Response Errors-in-Variables System Identification Utilizing Approximated Likelihood and Gaussian Mixture Models

In this paper a Maximum likelihood estimation algorithm for Finite Impulse Response Errors-in-Variables systems is developed. We consider that the noise-free input signal is Gaussian-mixture distributed. We propose an Expectation-Maximization-based algorithm to estimate the system model parameters, the input and output noise variances, and the Gaussian mixture noise-free input parameters. The benefits of our proposal are illustrated via numerical simulations.
Co-Immunization Efficacy of Recombinant Antigens against Rhipicephalus microplus and Hyalomma anatolicumTick Infestations

The immunoprophylactic management of ticks is the most effective option to control tick infestations and counter spread the acaricide resistance problem worldwide. Several researchers reported an inconsistent efficacy of the single antigen-based immunization of hosts against different tick species. In the present study, to develop a multi-target immunization protocol, proteins from Rhipicephalus microplus BM86 and Hyalomma anatolicum subolesin (SUB) and tropomyosin (TPM) were targeted to evaluate the cross-protective potential. The sequence identities of the BM86, SUB, and TPM coding genes amongst Indian tick isolates of targeted species were 95.6–99.8%, 98.7–99.6%, and 98.9–99.9%, respectively, while at the predicted amino acid level, the identities were 93.2 to 99.5, 97.6 to 99.4, and 98.2 to 99.3%. The targeted genes were expressed in the eukaryotic expression system, pKLAC2-Kluyveromyces lactis, and 100 µg each of purified recombinant protein (Bm86-89 kDa, SUB-21 kDa, and TPM-36 kDa) mixed with adjuvant was injected individually through the intramuscular route at different sites of the body on days 0, 30, and 60 to immunize cross-bred cattle. Post-immunization, a statistically significant (p < 0.001) antibody response (IgG, IgG1, and IgG2) in comparison to the control, starting from 15 to 140 days, against each antigen was recorded. Following multi-antigen immunization, the animals were challenged twice with the larvae of R. microplus and H. anatolicum and theadults of H. anatolicum, and a significant vaccine efficacy of 87.2% and 86.2% against H. anatolicum larvae and adults, respectively, and 86.7% against R. microplus was obtained. The current study provides significant support to develop a multi-antigen vaccine against cattle tick species.
Structural Insights into Layered Tetrahalocuprates(II) Based on Small Unsaturated and Cyclic Primary Ammonium Cations

Layered hybrid halometallates represent a promising class of multifunctional materials, yet with many open challenges regarding the interaction between building blocks. In this work, we present a synthetic and analytical methodology for the efficient synthesis and structural analysis of a series of novel tetrahalocuprate(II) hybrids based on small alkylammonium cations. Observed robustness in geometrical motifs provided a platform for crystal structure determination, even from the complex laboratory powder diffraction data. The slight differences in inorganic layer geometry and severe differences in organic bilayer packing are quantified using well-established descriptors for these materials, and dependences of geometric parameters on anion and cation choice are accounted for. Temperature dependence of structural parameters for one of the tetrachlorocuprate hybrids that was chosen as a model unveils a possible geometrical origin of thermochromism in these materials.
Effects of running-based versus body-weight-based high-intensity interval training on physical fitness in healthy adolescents

Objectives: High-intensity interval training improves aerobic endurance, but the effectiveness of different training protocols is unclear. This study compared the effects of running-based high-intensity interval training (R-HIIT) and body weight-based high-intensity interval training (B-HIIT) on physical fitness in adolescents. Methods: This was a pre-and post-test quasi-experimental design in which a seventh-grade natural class was randomly selected from three homogeneous middle schools, and then the three natural classes were randomly divided into three groups: the R-HIIT group (n = 54), the B-HIIT group (n = 55), and the control group (Con, n = 57). Both intervention groups exercised twice a week for 12 weeks with a 2:1 (1 min:30 s) load-interval ratio and exercise intensity controlled at 70%–85% maximum heart rate. R-HIIT was in the form of running, and B-HIIT was in the form of resistance exercises using the participants’ body weight. The control group was instructed to continue their normal behavior. cardiorespiratory fitness, muscle strength and endurance, and speed were measured before and after the intervention. Statistical differences between and within groups were determined using repeated measures analysis of variance. Results: Compared to the baseline, both the R-HIIT and B-HIIT intervention groups significantly improved CRF, muscle strength, and speed (p < 0.05). The B-HIIT group was significantly better than R-HIIT in improving CRF (4.48 mL/kg/min vs 3.34 mL/kg/min, p < 0.05), and only the B-HIIT improved sit-up muscle endurance (ηp 2 = 0.30, p < 0.05). Conclusion: The B-HIIT protocol was significantly more effective than the R-HIIT protocol in developing CRF and improving muscle health indicators.
Temperature Dependence of Current Transport and Electroluminescence in Vacuum Deposited Organic Light Emitting Devices

We measure the temperature dependence of the current-voltage (I-V) and electroluminescence (EL) characteristics of organic light emitting devices based on the molecular compound; tris(8-hydroxyquinoline) aluminum ( Alq3). We find that the current is limited by a large density of traps with an exponential energy distribution below the Alq3 lowest unoccupied molecular orbital. The measured trap density suggests that each molecular site may serve as an electron trap, and that EL arises from the recombination of trapped charge. The relationship between the I-V characteristics and EL provides insight into the optimization of vacuum deposited organic light emitting devices.
Efficacy and Safety of Autologous Serum Therapy in Chronic Spontaneous Urticaria in the Pediatric Population: A Prospective Pilot Study

Background: Chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) in children is mostly spontaneous in onset (57%). Treatment comprises long-term antihistaminic therapy without need for elaborate investigations. A subset of such patients don't respond to conventional treatment and novel therapies to help reduce pill burden is the need of the hour. Objectives: To determine the efficacy and safety of autologous serum therapy (AST) in pediatric patients with chronic spontaneous urticaria. Materials and Methods: All pediatric patients, aged between 6-16 years, attended to our OPD from March 2019 to March 2020 were recruited. Clinico-demographic data and baseline investigations of all patients were performed. Two-weekly AST therapy was given for 8 visits with levocetrizine tablet 5mg on an on-demand basis. Urticaria activity score (UAS) sheet was provided to record and return every 2 weeks. Statistical analysis was done using the IBM SPSS 26 software package. Results: Autologous serum skin test (ASST) was positive in 63% patients. Both the ASST positive and ASST negative group showed significant reduction in UAS7 score at week 14 compared to baseline. The reduction in mean UAS7 score was associated with a decreased pill burden and positive response in the patient and physician global assessment scale. No statistically significant difference between the two groups in terms of mean UAS7 reduction was found. Conclusion: This study has explored the efficacy and safety of autologous serum therapy in the pediatric CSU patients. Both ASST positive and ASST negative group respond to AST therapy.
On the Log Abundance for Compact {K{\"a}hler} threefolds II

In this article we show that if $(X, \Delta)$ is a log canonical compact K\"ahler threefold pair such that $K_X+\Delta$ is nef and the numerical dimension $\nu(X, K_X+\Delta)=2$, then $K_X+\Delta$ is semi-ample. This result combined with our previous work in arXiv:2201.01202 shows that the log abundance holds for log canonical compact K\"ahler threefold pairs.
Research on Calibration Sources for a 35–40 GHz Millimeter-Wave Solar Radio Observation System

The microwave spectra in the optically thin regime provide unique information about the solar corona magnetic field; thus, a millimeter-wave solar radio observation system (35–40-GHz) in the Chashan observatory is newly established to obtain relevant data. Herein, we design and develop a blackbody calibration source employing a metal cone array and absorbing patch to calibrate the system and obtain accurate solar observation data for analysis and decision-making. The reflectivity of the calibration source is simulated and measured to characterize its emissivity. The reflectivity is obtained by the finite-integeral technique (FIT) method under various fitting conditions, i.e., the thickness of the absorbent patches and aspect ratios of the cone. The temperature gradient of cones is determined by the finite-element method (FEM). A $5\times $ 5 array microwave blackbody was developed based on a cone with a low scattering coefficient and excellent temperature uniformity. To reduce the influence of spurious signals, the time-domain gate technique is used to test the reflectivity of the target. The results demonstrate that the emissivity of the blackbody is higher than 0.9995 in the 35–40-GHz band. The temperature difference between the cone top and the cone bottom is 0.20 °C.