Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Studies on variability in physico-chemical characters of different accessions of Jamun (Syzygium cumini Skeels).

Survey was conducted in Uttar Paradesh (Varanasi) and Uttarakhand (Pantnagar), during June to July 2006 to evaluate genotypes, study the variability and correlation among the germplasms. Observation on the physico-chemical characters of fruits were recorded on 25 genotypes. The data on the characters studied were analyzed by completely randomized design. Significant difference was observed among the genotypes for the characters studied. Genotype PJ-23 showed maximum pulp weight (5.82g), pulp percentage (83.5%), pulp:seed ratio (5.06), ascorbic acid content (45.3mg/100g pulp) and lowest seed percentage (16.5%), thus it can be used as table purpose jamun. Seed percentage was found maximum in VJ-15 (52.24%) followed by VJ-11 (50%). These two genotypes can be utilized in making jamun seed powder which is of high medicinal importance for diabetic patients. Genotype VJ-14 showed maximum TSS, total sugar and reducing sugar whereas highest sugar:acid ratio was found in VJ-5. Fruit weight was highly significant and positively correlated with pulp weight, pulp percentage, fruit volume, pulp:seed ratio and titrable acidity. So these characters could be considered as component traits for selection purpose.
Image Feature Extraction of Numbers and Letters Using Matrix Segmentation

Classification in recognizing image of letters and numbers is useful to recognize vehicle license plates. This study aims to maximize classification accuracy value of feature extraction method using matrix segmentation. The dataset consists of 300 vehicle license plate images which have 36 classifications, 26 classes for A-Z letters image, and 10 classes for 0-9 numbers image. The research stages carried out to maximize the results of the classification using multiclass SVM-RBF nonlinear are: preparing region image of interest, image enhancement, image segmentation of letters and numbers, determining the best n value for n x n matrix segmentation, calculating total points of each segment as feature value, and determining the best value for C and γ as the value of RBF kernel parameter. The result of this study shows a maximum value of 92% classification accuracy using n = 5, γ = 0.8, and C = 15.
Patellar Resurfacing Versus Patellar Nonreusrfacing in Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Retrospective Study

BackgroundPatellar resurfacing in total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is a matter of long-standing debate and there is no consensus regarding the superiority of either patellar resurfacing or patellar nonresurfacing.ObjectivesWe aimed to compare the outcomes of patellar resurfacing with patellar nonresurfacing in a cohort of knee OA patients sustaining a TKA.MethodsIn this retrospective study, patients who had undergone TKA between 2001 and 2011 in two hospitals in Tehran, Iran, were included. The Persian version of Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) was used to quantify the health status of patients. Post-operative complications and rate of reoperation were also compared between the two study groups.ResultsThe study population consisted of 89 patients in the resurfacing and 72 patients in the nonresurfacing groups. The demographic characteristics of the patients were not significantly different. The mean total WOMAC scores were 19.1 ± 8.8 and 19.6 ± 9.7 for the resurfacing and nonresurfacing groups (P = 0.55). No significant difference was observed between the mean WOMAC subscale scores of the two study groups including pain (P = 0.73), stiffness (P = 0.24), and physical function (P = 0.84). Two reoperations (2.2%) were performed in the resurfacing group and one (1.4%) in the nonresurfacing group.ConclusionsThe health status and rate of reoperation were not considerably different between the patellar resurfacing and nonresurfacing groups. These results reveal that patellar resurfacing is not necessary in TKA.
Characterization of the role of the Rpf motif in mycobacteriophage tape measure proteins

In order to inject their DNA into the bacterial cytoplasm and establish infection, bacteriophages must ensure their genetic material successfully traverses both the bacterial membrane(s) and the layer of peptidoglycan surrounding the host cell. Phages accomplish this in a variety of ways, and some have virion-associated murein hydrolase enzymes that facilitate this process, particularly in conditions where the peptidoglycan is highly cross-linked. Phages that infect the mycobacteria must also contend with these barriers to infection, as well an impermeable layer of mycolic acids that decorates the cell surface; however, the mechanisms by which they do this are mostly unknown. In this regard, three small sequence motifs have been identified within mycobacteriophage tape measure proteins (TMPs) − extended molecules that span the tail lumen and determine its length − at least two of which have similarity to host proteins with muralytic activity. This suggests that phages may utilize regions of the TMP, which because of its location within the tail might be uniquely primed for host interaction, to facilitate localized peptidoglycan hydrolysis and DNA injection. The focus of this study is the motif found in the TMPs of mycobacteriophages Barnyard and Giles that has identity to a group of bacterial proteins known as resuscitation promoting factors (Rpfs). These Rpf proteins stimulate growth of non-growing bacteria and seem to exert their activity by cleaving inert peptidoglycan in the cell wall. Notably, the Barnyard Rpf Motif is contained within a 70 kDa C-terminal cleavage product of TMP, which appears to be cell wall- and/or membrane-associated during infection. Further, mycobacteria expressing TMP fragments containing this motif show aberrant behavior in culture and on solid media, and hybrid proteins in which the Rpf domain of the Micrococcus luteus Rpf protein is replaced with either of the phage motifs have muralytic activity in vivo. A recombineering-based method for generating mutations on lytically replicating mycobacteriophages has been developed and utilized to make multiple mutations in the Giles TMP motifs. Mutant phages infect host cells in late-stationary phase with a reduced efficiency, an observation that further supports a role for these motifs in cell wall hydrolysis during infection.
From images to voices: A photo analysis of medical and social support needs of people living with HIV/AIDS in Tanzania

# Background Tanzania is one of the countries hardest hit by HIV/AIDS in Sub-Saharan Africa. Since early 1980s, different levels of community interventions have been designed to provide care and address challenges faced by people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA). These efforts are of little value, however, if they lack the opinion of PLWHA on their needs. We used photographs taken and selected by PLWHA to identify perceived needs and challenges related to daily living with the disease. # Methods A qualitative, cross-sectional study using the Photovoice method was conducted to assess the perceptions of PLWHA relative to service needs associated with HIV care. # Results Through the content analysis method, PLWHA needs were generated based on major categories of *financial resources*, *psychological support*, *cultural competency* and *patient empowerment and engagement* in HIV care and services. # Conclusion This study generated information that could be useful in promoting increased awareness of PLWHAs' service needs to the local and global communities. Of particular importance is the policy implication geared towards promoting advocacy with meaningful inclusion of the opinion of PLWHA in designing, delivery, and monitoring of HIV/AIDS-related social and health services.
Estimating Student Workload During the Learning Design of Online Courses: Creating a Student Workload Calculator

UK university students are expected to undertake 10 hours of work for each Credit Accumulation and Transfer Scheme (CATS) credit. With face-to-face learning, this is relatively easy to quantify as x hours of contact time and the remainder made up of independent study. For online and distance learning, this is more complex. Study materials are provided for students to work through independently, but unlike face-to-face where the class ends after an hour or two, online students could continue working indefinitely. Some students will inevitably take longer than others to complete tasks, and it is therefore more difficult to ensure student workload in online courses is proportionate to the credits awarded. This paper provides a means to calculate student workload in online courses via a workload calculator, derived from a review of the literature and available at http://bit.ly/postgradworkload. It uses Laurillard’s (2009, 2013) conversational framework activity types to categorise online course materials into task types, and provides a means of estimating the time it would take an average student to complete each task, for use in informing the design of online courses. For those task types that cannot be accurately estimated it is recommended to provide guidance on how long a student should spend on the task within the learning materials.
Force feeding as a Stress Factor on Muscovy Ducks

The experiment was done to determine the effects of force feeding on drinking, panting behaviors, feed consumption, weight gain, feed conversion ratio, live body weight, slaughter weight, carcass weight and dressing percentage, serum corticosterone, triiodothyronine (T3) and tetraiodothyronine (T4) of Muscovy ducks. Two groups were used; the first one was the control group, which fed on basal diet only and the second group was force fed by grabbing the neck, and a metal or plastic tube 8 to 12 inches long was inserted down the esophagus. Ducklings were forced to ingest a greater amount of food than what they would eat voluntarily. The previous parameters were recorded daily or weekly during the experiment or after slaughtering. Blood samples for separation of serum were collected after slaughtering. The results explained that, there was an insignificant increase in drinking behavior. However, there was a significant increase in feed consumption, live body weight, feed conversion, weight gain, dressing percentage, panting behavior, liver weight and serum corticosterone level while there was a significant decrease in T3 and T4 level. It could be concluded that, force feeding at the end of the fattening period of ducks had adverse effect on some duck behaviors and some blood parameters but led to improvement in performance parameters and carcass characters.
Activity Profiles & Mechanisms of Resistance of 3'-Azido-2',3'-Dideoxynucleoside Analog Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors of HIV-1

To investigate mechanisms of HIV-1 resistance to 3’-azidonucleoside analog reverse transcriptase inhibitors, in vitro selection experiments were conducted by serial passage of HIV-1LAI in MT-2 cells in increasing concentrations of 3′-azido-2′,3′-dideoxyguanosine (3′-azido-ddG), 3′-azido-2′,3′-dideoxycytidine (3′-azido-ddC), or 3′-azido-2′,3′-dideoxyadenosine (3′-azido-ddA). 3′-Azido-ddG selected for virus 5.3-fold resistant to 3′-azido-ddG. Population sequencing of the reverse transcriptase (RT) gene identified L74V, F77L, and L214F mutations in the polymerase domain and K476N and V518I mutations in the RNase H domain. Site-directed mutagenesis showed that these 5 mutations only conferred ~2.0-fold resistance. Single-genome sequencing analyses revealed a complex population of mutants that all contained L74V and L214F linked to other mutations, including ones not identified during population sequencing. Recombinant HIV-1 clones containing RT derived from single sequences exhibited 3.2- to 4.0-fold 3′-azido-ddG resistance. By contrast, 3′-azido-ddC selected for the V75I mutation in HIV-1 RT that conferred 5.9-fold resistance. We were unable to select HIV-1 resistant to 3′-azido-ddA, even at concentrations of 3′-azido-ddA that yielded high intracellular 3′-azido-ddA-5′-triphosphate levels. We have also defined the molecular mechanisms of 3’-azido-ddG resistance by performing in-depth biochemical analyses of HIV-1 RT containing mutations L74V/F77L/V106I/L214F/R277K/K476N (SGS3). The SGS3 HIV-1 RT was from a single-genome-derived full-length RT sequence obtained from 3’-azido-ddG resistant HIV-1 selected in vitro. We also analyzed two additional constructs that either lacked the L74V mutation (SGS3-L74V) or the K476N mutation (SGS3-K476N). Pre-steady-state kinetic experiments revealed that the L74V mutation allows HIV-1 RT to effectively discriminate between the natural nucleotide (dGTP) and 3’-azido-ddG-triphosphate (3’-azido-ddGTP). 3’-azido-ddGTP discrimination was primarily driven by a decrease in 3’-azido-ddGTP binding affinity (Kd) and not by a decreased rate of incorporation (kpol). The L74V mutation was found to severely impair RT’s ability to excise the chain-terminating 3’-azido-ddG-monophosphate (3’-azido-ddGMP) moiety. However, the K476N mutation partially restored the enzyme’s ability to excise 3’-azido-ddGMP on an RNA/DNA, but not on DNA/DNA, template/primer by selectively decreasing the frequency of secondary RNase H cleavage events. Taken together, these data provide strong additional evidence that the nucleoside base structure is major determinant of HIV-1 resistance to the 3’-azido-2’,3’-dideoxynucleosides that can be exploited in the design of novel nucleoside RT inhibitors.
Índice tornozelo-braquial e fatores de risco cardiovascular em profissionais de enfermagem/ Ankle-braquial index and cardiovascular risk factors in nursing professionals

Estudo transversal no qual foram avaliados 94 trabalhadores de enfermagem da rede publica de saude. O objetivo foi identificar a prevalencia da alteracao da medida do indice tornozelo-braquial e fatores de risco cardiovascular em trabalhadores de enfermagem. Os aspectos eticos foram atendidos. Os dados foram obtidos por meio de entrevista com roteiro estruturado. A prevalencia da medida de ITB alterada foi de 30 (31,9%; IC; 22,3-42,6). Verificou-se que 83% eram tecnicos, 91,5% do sexo feminino, idade entre 18 a 45 anos, cor da pele branca, pertencente a classe economica A/B e com mais de cinco anos de formado. Dos fatores de risco cardiovascular, verificou-se prevalencia de historico familiar de alteracao cardiovascular (73,4%), ter mais de quatro fatores de riscos cardiovasculares (73,4%), IMC ≥ 25 kg/m² (68,1%)e apresentar circunferencia da cintura com risco moderado a elevado (63,8%). A nao realizacao de atividade fisica (RP: 2,36; IC95%: 1,29-4,32) foi independentemente associada a alteracao da medida de ITB. A coexistencia de fatores de risco cardiovascular associados a alteracoes da medida de ITB nos trabalhadores de enfermagem reporta a necessidade de intervencoes na saude destas pessoas.
On the Cost-Benefit Tradeoffs of Cloud Storage Services for End Users and Service Providers

Cloud storage is a data-intensive Internet service that synchronizes files from user devices, such as PCs and smartphones, with the cloud, offering means for users to easily backup data and perform collaborative work. This service has attracted a large interest from end users, industry and academia. Dropbox, which is one of leading companies in this market, report having more than 500 million registered users with 1 billion files upload daily. Despite the large popularity of cloud storage, little is known about the implications of typical user behavior patterns and policies adopted by popular services to the costs and benefits for end users and service providers. This thesis aims at investigating such cost-benefit tradeoffs for both parts jointly. Using data collected from Dropbox in various networks, we have developed new service policies, analytic models, and workload analysis tools to support providers and users in improving jointly their benefits in this kind of service.
Formation of some organic acids during fermentation of milk.

The formation of benzoic, sorbic and nucleic acids during fermentation of milk with different commercial lactic acid bacteria starters was the object of this study. The changes of these organic acids content during storage of fermented milk were investigated as well. It was determined that benzoic acid content in fermented milk was 14-23 mg/kg, sorbic acid content was 0.06-0.085 mg/kg and nucleic acids content was 70-80 mg/100 mL. In comparison with raw milk the benzoic, sorbic and nucleic acids content in fermented milk was higher 5.1, 4.0 and 2.5 times, respectively. The most intensive formation of organic acids was detected during 3-6 h of milk fermentation, i.e. during the log phase. The organic acids content in fermented milk was affected by the type of commercial lactic acid bacteria starters while the highest concentration of the organic acids was detected in the milk fermented by starter La-5 containing Lactobacillus acidophilus bacteria. However, no influence of a starter type was noticed on the changes of organic acids during storage of fermented milk. In all cases the benzoic and sorbic acids content decreased during storage and no changes of the nucleic acids content were detected.
Toward Optimal Communication About HPV Vaccination for Preteens and Their Parents: Evaluation of an Online Training for Pediatric and Family Medicine Health Care Providers

Supplemental Digital Content is Available in the Text. Objective: Health care provider recommendation is a key determinant of human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination. We developed an online training program for providers that addressed vaccine guidelines, hesitancy to strongly recommend the vaccine, and reluctance to discuss HPV infection as a sexually transmitted infection. Design: Single-group evaluation with 3 waves. Providers completed a 29-item electronic survey with closed and open-ended response options after course completion. Setting: Pediatric and family medicine practices in North Carolina. Participants: Prescribing clinicians (MD, DO, family nurse practitioner, physician assistant) who serve preteens aged 11 to 12 years. In wave 3, we expanded our communities to include nursing and medical staff. Intervention: An asynchronous online course to promote preteen HPV vaccination. Topics included HPV epidemiology, vaccine recommendations from the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP), preteen-provider-parent communication, topics about hesitancy to seek vaccination, subjects related to sexual health, and practice-level strategies to increase vaccination rates. The course, approved for 12 CME and CNE credits, was live for 4 weeks and available on-demand for 3 additional months. Main Outcome Measures: Provider-reported change in vaccine communication, perceptions of course content in improving practice, and satisfaction with materials. Results: A total of 113 providers from 25 practices enrolled in the course and 69 (61%) completed an evaluation. Providers spent an average of 6.3 hours on the course and rated the CDC (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention)-ACIP Web site and multiple resources on hesitancy and communication about sexually transmitted infection vaccines most highly of all materials across the 3 waves. Almost all (96%) agreed the course will improve their practice. About half of all participants said they were either “much more likely” (28%) or “more likely” (19%) to recommend the vaccine after course participation. Conclusions: An online format offers a highly adaptable and acceptable educational tool that promotes interpersonal communication and practice-related changes known to improve providers' vaccine uptake by their patients.
An analysis of the relative hardness of Reuters-21578 subsets

The existence, public availability, and widespread acceptance of a standard benchmark for a given information retrieval (IR) task are beneficial to research on this task, because they allow different researchers to experimentally compare their own systems by comparing the results they have obtained on this benchmark.The Reuters-21578 test collection, together with its earlier variants, has been such a standard benchmark for the text categorization (TC) task throughout the last 10 years.However, the benefits that this has brought about have somehow been limited by the fact that different researchers have “carved” different subsets out of this collection and tested their systems on one of these subsets only; systems that have been tested on different Reuters-21578 subsets are thus not readily comparable.In this article, we present a systematic, comparative experimental study of the three subsets of Reuters-21578 that have been most popular among TC researchers.The results we obtain allow us to determine the relative hardness of these subsets, thus establishing an indirect means for comparing TC systems that have, or will be, tested on these different subsets.
Gastric volvulus: Two ends of the spectrum

Gastric volvulus is an uncommon condition. It can present either in the acute or chronic setting. Acute gastric volvulus can lead to life‐threatening complications, including gastric ischaemia and perforation. It requires urgent surgery or endoscopic reduction. Chronic volvulus can be managed with hernioplasty or gastropexy in the elective setting. In the present case report, we discuss two cases of gastric volvulus––one chronic and one acute volvulus––and review the relevant literature.
Subcellular localization of hypoxia-inducible factors and HIF regulatory hydroxylases in rat liver.

Many signals involved in pathophysiology are controlled by hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs), transcription factors that induce expression of hypoxia-responsive genes. HIFs are highly conserved master regulators of oxygen homeostasis. These factors are post-translationally regulated by a family of oxygen-dependent HIF hydroxylases, whose members include four prolyl 4-hydroxylases (PHD1-4) and an asparaginyl hydroxylase (FIH-1). All HIF hydroxylases require molecular oxygen, Fe(II), ascorbate, and 2-oxoglutarate as cofactors. We hypothesized that alterations in subcellular localization may provide an additional point of regulation for the HIF pathway in response to hypoxia. Most of these enzymes are abundant in resting liver, an organ which is itself unique due to its physiologic oxygen gradient, and they can exist in both nuclear and cytoplasmic pools. In this study, we analyzed the localization of endogenous HIFs and their regulatory hydroxylases in primary rat hepatocytes cultured under hypoxia-reoxygenation conditions. We observed an absence of nuclear HIF-1a activation in hypoxic hepatocytes, even though several known HIF target genes were upregulated, suggesting that HIF-2a and HIF-3a are the predominant isoforms in liver. We show that in hepatocytes, hypoxia-reoxygenation targets HIF-1a to the peroxisome rather than the nucleus, where it co-localizes with the von Hippel Lindau protein (VHL) and the HIF hydroxylases. Confocal immunofluorescence microscopy demonstrated that the HIF hydroxylases can translocate from the nucleus to the cytoplasm in response to hypoxia, with increased accumulation in peroxisomes upon reoxygenation. These results were confirmed via immuno-transmission electron microscopy and Western blotting. Surprisingly, in resting liver tissue, peri-venous localization of the HIF hydroxylases was detected, consistent with areas of low oxygenation. This was in contrast to nuclear HIF-1a, which was undetectable in a number of liver injury models. In conclusion, these studies establish the peroxisome as a highly relevant site of subcellular localization and function for the endogenous HIF pathway in hepatocytes.