Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Nonspeciﬁc Adherence by Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans Requires Genes Widespread in Bacteria and Archaea

The gram-negative coccobacillus, Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans , is the putative agent for localized juvenile periodontitis, a particularly destructive form of periodontal disease in adolescents. This bacterium has also been isolated from a variety of other infections, notably endocarditis. Fresh clinical isolates of A. actinomycetemcomitans form tenacious bioﬁlms, a property likely to be critical for colonization of teeth and other surfaces. Here we report the identiﬁcation of a locus of seven genes required for nonspeciﬁc adherence of A. actinomycetemcomitans to surfaces. The recently developed transposon IS 903 f kan was used to isolate mutants of the rough clinical isolate CU1000 that are defective in tight adherence to surfaces (Tad 2 ). Unlike wild-type cells, Tad 2 mutant cells adhere poorly to surfaces, fail to form large autoaggregates, and lack long, bundled ﬁbrils. Nucleotide sequencing and genetic complementation analysis revealed a 6.7-kb region of the genome with seven adjacent genes ( tadABCDEFG ) required for tight adherence. The predicted TadA polypeptide is similar to VirB11, an ATPase involved in macromolecular transport. The predicted amino acid se- quences of the other Tad polypeptides indicate membrane localization but no obvious functions. We suggest that the tad genes are involved in secretion of factors required for tight adherence of A. actinomycetemcomitans . Remarkably, complete and highly conserved tad gene clusters are present in the genomes of the bubonic plague bacillus Yersinia pestis and the human and animal pathogen Pasteurella multocida . Partial tad loci also occur in strikingly diverse Bacteria and Archaea . Our results show that the tad genes are required for tight adherence of A. actinomycetemcomitans to surfaces and are therefore likely to be essential for colonization and pathogenesis. The occurrence of similar genes in a wide array of microorganisms indicates that they have important functions. We propose that tad -like genes have a signiﬁcant role in microbial colonization. ished autoaggregation parallels the behavior of the resus- pended mutants in broth. Cells of the parental rough strain (CU1000N) settle in clumps within minutes after being scraped from the walls and resuspended, whereas Tad 2 mutant cells formed clumps and settled to the bottom of the tube only after several hours. Cells of the spontaneous smooth-colony variant (CU1060N) grow in suspension and do not settle.
Five-year cumulative to antipsychotic medication after first-episode psychosis and its association with 19-year outcomes

The long-term effectiveness of antipsychotic maintenance treatment after first-episode psychosis (FEP) is contested. In this real-world observational study, we examined how cumulative exposure to antipsychotics within the first five years from FEP was associated with the 19-year outcome. Methods: Finnish national registers were used to detect all patients who were hospitalized due to non-affective psychosis in the mid-1990s, and who were treatment naïve prior to the inclusion period ( N =1318). Generalized linear models with logit link function were used to estimate how cumulative exposure to antipsychotics within the first five years from onset was associated with mortality, work capability, and the use of psychiatric services at the end of the 19-year follow-up. To adjust for confounding by indication, the primary outcome analyses implemented stabilized inverse probability of treatment weighting using propensity scores. Persons with a higher cumulative exposure to antipsychotics within the first five years from FEP were more likely to still be receiving antipsychotics (Adjusted Odds Ratio (OR)=2.1; 95% CI: 1.5−2.8), psychiatric treatment (OR=1.4; 95% CI: 1.1−1.7), and disability (OR=1.3; 95% CI: 1.01−1.6) at the end of the 19-year follow-up, as compared to low/zero-exposure. Higher cumulative exposure was also associated with higher mortality 95% 1.1–2.1). After adjustment for confounders, moderate and high cumulative exposure to antipsychotics within the first five years from FEP was consistently associated with a higher risk of adverse outcomes during the 19-year follow-up, as compared to low or zero exposure. Due to potential unmeasured confounding, controlled trials are needed. The overall findings are in line with previous observational studies, in which long-term maintenance treatment – and thus a higher exposure to antipsychotics – was associated with adverse outcomes (5,6,7,9). One possible explanation for this pattern is that the prolonged blockage of dopaminergic pathways can eventually harm mechanisms that are essential for long-term survival (8,10), even if blockage of the dopaminergic pathways could simultaneously reduce distressing experiences and/or behavior within a certain time frame. However, it should be noted that we observed significant differences in baseline characteristics between the exposure groups, indicating the possibility of reverse-causation, with more symptomatic patients being likely to receive longer-term antipsychotic maintenance treatment. This confounding effect makes it challenging to draw firm conclusions on the long-term effectiveness of antipsychotics-based maintenance treatment via purely register-based information, despite systematic attempts to explore and control the observable confounding factors. in the conducted schizophrenia group we no association between exposure to antipsychotics and a decreased risk of premature mortality adverse register measurements contradiction with previous studies disorder duration. findings
F ENAMIPHOS L OSSES U NDER S IMULATED R AINFALL : P LOT S IZE E FFECTS

A BSTRACT. The purpose of this study was to compare two commonly used runoff experimental methods, which have different scales, on measurements of runoff and associated fenamiphos and metabolite losses over a 2−year period. Methods used were 15 m wide by 43 m long (645 m 2 ) mesoplots and 1.8 m wide by 3 m long (5.4 m 2 ) microplots, under simulated rainfall (25 mm h −1 for 2 h) at 1, 14, and 28 d after fenamiphos application. Mesoplots and microplots were established parallel to a 3% slope on a Tifton loamy sand (Plinthic Kandiudult). All plots were planted to corn ( Zea mays L.). Target application rate for fenamiphos was 6.7 kg ha −1 . Runoff totals and maximum rates for meso− and microplots were similar, with approximately 25% of the rainfall running off mesoplots and approximately 28% running off microplots. Runoff totals and maximum rates from meso− and microplots were each positively correlated (R 2 = 0.89). In both years, fenamiphos lost in runoff decreased with each rainfall event (1, 14, and 28 d after application). The majority of fenamiphos lost in runoff was in the fenamiphos sulfoxide form. Fenamiphos sulfoxide lost over both years from mesoplots ranged from 51% to 93% of the total fenamiphos lost, and loss from microplots ranged from 47% to 100% of the total fenamiphos lost. Runoff from meso− and microplots 1 d after fenamiphos application, a “reasonable worst−case” event, had the greatest fenamiphos losses among events. Total losses of fenamiphos for this event averaged 1.2% (CV = 26%) of applied amount for mesoplots and 1.3% (CV = 47%) of applied amount for microplots. Maximum (seasonal) fenamiphos losses for meso− and microplots were 1.4% of applied for mesoplots and 2.6% of applied for microplots. A positive correlation was obtained between microplots and mesoplots for total losses of fenamiphos + metabolites (R 2 = 0.88), fenamiphos parent (R 2 = 0.89), and fenamiphos sulfoxide (R 2 = 0.81). Relatively poor agreement was found for relatively small losses of fenamiphos sulfone between plot types (R 2 = 0.34). Microplots and mesoplots yielded statistically similar results in terms of runoff and fenamiphos losses; thus, microplot results can be extrapolated up to larger mesoplot areas under these conditions. This has implications for field−scale management and watershed assessment in the Coastal Plain region of the southeast U.S. in that microplot and rainfall simulation results could be useful as statistically valid input datasets to estimate runoff and associated fenamiphos losses from larger areas.
OP-BRCM210072 1..9

Both magnetoencephalography and stereo-electroencephalography are used in presurgical epilepsy assessment, with contrasting advantages and limitations. It is not known whether simultaneous stereo-electroencephalography–magnetoencephalography recording confers an advantage over both individual modalities, in particular whether magnetoencephalography can provide spatial context to epileptiform activity seen on stereo-electroencephalography. Twenty-four adult and paediatric patients who underwent stereo-electroencephalography study for pre-surgical evaluation of drug-resistant focal epilepsy, were recorded using simultaneous stereo-electroencephalography–magnetoencephalography, of which 14 had abnormal interictal activity during recording. The 14 patients were divided into two groups; those with detected superficial (n1⁄47) and deep (n1⁄4 7) brain interictal activity. Interictal spikes were independently identified in stereo-electroencephalography and magnetoencephalography. Magnetoencephalography dipoles were derived using a distributed inverse method. There was no significant difference between stereo-electroencephalography and magnetoencephalography in detecting superficial spikes (P1⁄4 0.135) and stereo-electroencephalography was significantly better at detecting deep spikes (P1⁄40.002). Mean distance across patients between stereo-electroencephalography channel with highest average spike amplitude and magnetoencephalography dipole was 20.7 6 4.4 mm. for superficial sources, and 17.8 6 3.7 mm. for deep sources, even though for some of the latter (n1⁄4 4) no magnetoencephalography spikes were detected and magnetoencephalography dipole was fitted to a stereo-electroencephalography interictal activity triggered average. Removal of magnetoencephalography dipole was associated with 1 year seizure freedom in 6/7 patients with superficial source, and 5/6 patients with deep source. Although stereo-electroencephalography has greater sensitivity in identifying interictal activity from deeper sources, a magnetoencephalography source can be localized using stereo-electroencephalography information, thereby providing useful whole brain context to stereo-electroencephalography and potential role in epilepsy surgery planning.
Effect of process parameters of the positive displacement pump for extrusion based bioprinting application

Bioprinting is an emerging technology that provides the ability to fabricate customized tissue constructs. One of the most common methods is Extrusion-Based Bioprinting (EBB) which allows extruding high viscosity materials at a low cost. While currently available EBB methods provide an acceptable extrusion process, several disadvantages remain a challenge, such as low extrusion accuracy in terms of start and stop accuracy. The present study aimed to explore the relationship between the extrusion accuracy and syringe features, including plunger rubber compressibility and the amount of volume inside the syringe. The weighing scale and the flow rate sensor are used to assess the extrusion accuracy. Results show that the plunger rubber has a negative impact on extrusion accuracy due to its compressibility. Likewise, when the amount of compressed volume inside the syringe increases, the start and stop accuracy of extrusion decreases. The time required to reach desired flow rate was measured as 17, 25, 29 seconds (±0.5) for 20, 30 and 40 ml filled syringe volumes , respectively. The findings can contribute to a better understanding of the positive displacement pump and the extrusion accuracy relationship. As a result of these investigations, suggestions for a better extrusion pump were identified for future research. distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Study of Genetic Variation of the gene NOS3 and Cadmium Concentrations in a Sample of Iraqi Patients with Essential Hypertension

High blood pressure is defined as a systolic blood pressure of 140 mm Hg or more, or a diastolic blood pressure of 90 mm Hg or more. Blood pressure is the force exerted by the circulation of blood on the walls of the body’s arteries, which are the main blood vessels in the body. High blood pressure is classified into normal, first stage, second stage, or third stage. Risk factors include lifestyle factors, environmental factors, and genetics. There are two types of high blood pressure, essential hypertension and non-essential hypertension. samples were collected, representing 50 samples from welding laborers patients with high blood pressure, in addition to 50 healthy samples. This study was conducted with the aim of studying the relationship between genetic variation of some genes and environmental factors associated with basic blood pressure in Iraqi patients. The studies were conducted in the laboratories of the Institute of Genetic Engineering - University of Baghdad, as well as in the research laboratories of the Ministry of Science and Technology. Total genomic DNA was extracted using a special kit (Geneaid) from fresh unfrozen blood samples, and then normal polymerase chain reaction and PCR-RFLP were used to detect mutations in the gene NOS3 rs1799983 T>G (Glu 298 Asp) using primers and specialized severing enzyme is MboI . The results of the wild-type TT of NOS3 gene showed a bundle (206 bp), while the heterozygous TG genotypes showed (206, 119 and 87 bp), respectively, and for the mutant GG genotypes (119 and 87 bp). Nitrogenous base sequence analysis (Sequencing) was conducted for both infected and healthy samples. The results of the study showed that the incidence of hypertension in the age group (20-65) years was higher in males than in females, reaching (60% and 40%), respectively. The study showed that stress, smoking and exposure to pollution all have a clear and dangerous effect on the percentage of people with high blood pressure. The results also showed that mutations between patients and healthy subjects in the NOS3 gene for wild-type TT is (60%) versus (40%), respectively, at a significant level (p<0.01), while for the heterozygous TG it is (28)% versus (32%) found not significant. As for the GG homozygous mutant, the results were (12%) versus (28%) found to be significant at (p<0.05) and these results indicate that genetic variation (T>G) may be a risk factor (TT) for high blood pressure. The results of the NOS3 gene also showed the relationship between the TT genotype of the NOS3 gene and the cadmium concentration between patients and healthy subjects for the wild-type TT is 4.82 ± 0.09 versus 0.388 ± 0.025 with a level (p<0.01) while for the heterozygous TG is 4.96 ± 0.10 versus 0.371 ± 0.035 with a level (p<0.01). The homozygous mutant GG is 5.02 ± 0.08 versus 0.356 ± 0.025 with a level (p<0.01). These results indicate that the high level of cadmium in welding laborers has an effect on high blood pressure.
EARLY FOREIGN LANGUAGE TEACHING IN CROATIAN PRIMARY SCHOOLS

W give here an account of the 1973 Zagreb project introducing early learning of English because a number of strategies used then served to a certain extent as a model for the 1991 project. Also, a number of tentative conclusions about the process of children’s acquisition of a foreign language reached then are tested in the present project. In the years following World War II compulsory primary education was extended from four to seven and soon to eight years. Russian was introduced as the compulsory foreign language in the fi ft h grade of primary school. But in the fi rst grade of secondary school children could choose English, German or French as a second foreign language. Year 1949 saw the Cominform events and the split between former Yugoslavia and former USSR. Russian lost its priority and became only one of the foreign languages to be chosen from. It was then that English began to dominate the educational scene in Croatia and became the fi rst and most popular foreign language. In the course of time foreign language learning was moved back from grade fi ve to grade four (age 10). In 1973 a pilot project was organized in Zagreb to investigate the possibilities of foreign language introduction at a still earlier age. Th e pilot dealt predominantly with English, but some classes of German and French were included at a later stage. Th e ultimate aim of introducing early learning of a foreign language was the production of competent bilingual speakers throughout the country. Our concern was when and how to start a foreign language to ensure a sound basis for realizing our goal – a bilingual speaker. Appealing though the idea of a community of bilingual children might be, we are, for reasons of economy, interested in it only marginally – as a possible by-product – our main target is the bilingual adult capable of using a foreign language in his life and work. Th e reasons for an early start seem to stem from three diff erent sources: · the fi ndings of neurophysiology, and developmental psycholinguistics · empirical and experimental evidence derived from the results of acquiring a second language by groups and individuals through a variety of immersion programmes organised in the countries where the target language is indigenous · empirical and experimental evidence derived from the results obtained by formal classroom tuition in diff erent sociocultural settings in the learners’ mothertongue environments.
Low K (cid:1) Promotes NF- (cid:2) B/DNA Binding in Neuronal Apoptosis Induced by K (cid:1) Loss

Low intracellular K (cid:1) concentration ([K (cid:1) ] i ) promotes apoptosis and blocking K (cid:1) loss prevents apoptosis, but the mechanism of action of low [K (cid:1) ] i remains unclear. Here, we show that low [K (cid:1) ] i increases NF- (cid:2) B transcriptional activity by enhancing its binding to the promoter of target genes without affecting its activation and nuclear translocation in cortical neurons deprived of serum. Low K (cid:1) concentration promotes NF- (cid:2) B/DNA binding through direct effects on the interaction of NF- (cid:2) B dimers with DNA. Up-regulation of proapoptotic protein Bcl-X S and neuronal apoptosis induced by serum deprivation are blocked by inhibition and/or down- regulation of NF- (cid:2) B and by prevention of K (cid:1) loss. Thus, a direct action of K (cid:1) on NF- (cid:2) B/DNA binding regulates gene transcription related to neuronal apoptosis. Low intracellular K (cid:1) concentration ([K (cid:1) ] i ) is to be a permissive step for apoptotic progression. In many cell with FITC-siRNA with TransMessenger transfection reagent. Western blot analysis showed the efﬁciency of knockdown of p65 (B) by two different siRNAs for p65 (Sip65-1 and Sip65-2) and the effect of knockdown of p65 on SD-induced Bcl-X S expression (C). SiNS was a negative control for siRNA. The p50 precursor, p105, which exists in cultured rat cortical neurons, served as an unaffected protein to determine the speciﬁcity of siRNA-p65. GAPDH served as a loading control.
Survey the impact of different ownership structure on debt maturity structure in Tehran Stock Exchange

The study aimed to examine the impact of different ownership structure on debt maturity structure in of firms listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange (TSE). The objectives of the study were: to evaluate the relationship between corporate, individual, centralized, intuitional and government ownership on debt maturity. The data for the study was obtained from 101 firms that had been consistently listed in the TSE from 2010 to 2014. Correlation and regression analysis were used to test the relationship between ownership structure and debt maturity. The results of the study indicated that there was a statistically significant relationship between ownership structure and debt maturity of firms listed at the TSE.
Carbetocin versus oxytocin for prevention of post-partum haemorrhage at caesarean section in the an economic impact analysis

Objective To determine the economic impact of the introduction of carbetocin for the prevention of post partum haemorrhage (PPH) at caesarean section, compared to oxytocin. Study The model is a decision tree conducted from a UK National Health Service perspective. 1500 caesarean sections (both elective and emergency) were modelled over a 12 month period. Efficacy data was taken from a published Cochrane meta-analysis, and costs from NHS Reference costs, the British National Formulary and the NHS electronic Medicines Information Tool. A combination of hospital audit data and expert input from an advisory board of clinicians was used to inform resource use estimates. The main outcome measures were the incidence of PPH and total cost over a one year time horizon, as a result of using carbetocin compared to oxytocin for prevention of PPH at caesarean section. The use of carbetocin compared to oxytocin for prevention of PPH at caesarean section was associated with a reduction of 30 (88 vs 58) PPH events (>500ml blood loss), and a cost saving of £27,518. In probabilistic sensitivity analysis, carbetocin had a 91.5% probability of producing better outcomes, and a 69.4% chance of being dominant (both cheaper and more effective) compared to oxytocin. At price, the introduction of appears to provide improved clinical outcomes along with cost savings, though this is subject to uncertainty regarding the underlying data in efficacy, resource use, and cost.
Varicella-Zoster Virus (VZV) Infection of Neurons Derived from Human Embryonic Stem Cells: Direct Demonstration of Axonal Infection, Transport of VZV, and Productive Neuronal Infection (cid:1)

Study of the human neurotrophic herpesvirus varicella-zoster virus (VZV) and of its ability to infect neurons has been severely limited by strict viral human tropism and limited availability of human neurons for experimentation. Human embryonic stem cells (hESC) can be differentiated to all the cell types of the body including neurons and are therefore a potentially unlimited source of human neurons to study their interactions with human neurotropic viruses. We report here reproducible infection of hESC-derived neurons by cell-associated green ﬂuorescent protein (GFP)-expressing VZV. hESC-derived neurons expressed GFP within 2 days after incubation with mitotically inhibited MeWo cells infected with recombinant VZV expressing GFP as GFP fusions to VZV proteins or under an independent promoter. VZV infection was conﬁrmed by immunostaining for immediate-early and viral capsid proteins. Infection of hESC-derived neurons was productive, resulting in release into the medium of infectious virions that appeared fully assembled when observed by electron microscopy. We also demonstrated, for the ﬁrst time, VZV infection of axons and retrograde transport from axons to neuronal cell bodies using compartmented microﬂuidic chambers. The use of hESC-derived human neurons in conjunction with ﬂuorescently tagged VZV shows great promise for the study of VZV neuronal infection and axonal transport and has potential for the establishment of a model for VZV latency in human neurons.