Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Preliminary Study on Breeding Habit of Leiothrix lutea at Xingshan County,Hubei

Breeding habit of Red-billed Leiothrix ( Leiothrix lutea) was preliminarily studied at Longmenhe Village of Xingshan County,Hubei from April,2005 to August,2007. L. lutea reproduce during the middle ten days of April to the last ten days of July in Longmenhe area. The birds built their nests on the Dwarf Bamboo (Indocalamus wilsoni) or short shrub shaded by arbor or shrubbery on slope or near the farmland and footpath. The building materials include withe,slender root,bine,dwarf bamboo leaves,grass leaves and stems,and lichen and so on. The process of building nest last 5 to 7 days and both male and female were involved in. Female lay an egg in early morning everyday. The mean clutch size is 3. 41 ± 0. 80 ( n = 61) . The altricial nestlings hatched after 11-13 d (n = 6) incubation. The parent fed their offspring for 9 or 10 days before they left nests when they have not full-developed yet. The breeding successful rate is about 22. 95% ( n = 61) in the study area.
Implications of Agricultural Productivity for Global Cropland Use and GHG Emissions: Borlaug vs. Jevons

This paper introduces a general framework for analyzing the impacts of regional and global technological change on long run agricultural output, prices, land rents, land use, and associated GHG emissions. In so doing, it facilitates a reconciliation of the apparently conflicting views of the impacts of agricultural productivity growth on global GHG emissions and environmental quality. As has been previously recognized, in the case of a global change in farm productivity, the critical condition for an innovation to lead to diminished land use is that the farm level demand for agricultural products is inelastic. However, in the more common case where the innovation is regional in nature, the necessary condition for a reduction in global land use and associated GHG emissions is more complex and depends on the relative yields, emissions efficiencies and supply conditions in the affected and unaffected regions. While innovations in agricultural are most common land-sparing at global scale, innovations in regions commanding a small share of global production, with relatively low yields, high land supply elasticities and low emissions efficiencies can lead to an increase in global land use change emissions. A numerical example illustrates these points and suggests that these conditions may hold for productivity shocks in Latin America and Sub-Saharan Africa. These insights are also relevant for the emerging literature on the effect of adverse climate change on global agriculture and associated emissions from land use change. Keywords: technological progress, agricultural land use change, Jevons’ paradox, land-sparing innovation, climate change impacts, greenhouse gas emissions JEL codes: Q11, Q16, Q55, Q54
Submerged Hydraulic Jump

This paper presents a study of the submerged hydraulic jump as the case of a plane turbulent wall jet under adverse pressure gradient with backward flow on top. Using the experimental results of the author for the forward flow and those of Liu and Henry for the backward flow, a method has been devised to predict the surface profile, and the fall of the pressure plus momentum and the energy in the submerged hydraulic jump. Also a study has been made of the boundary shear stress that was measured with a Preston tube.
Melatonin and Its Metabolites Can Serve as Agonists on the Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor and Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma

Melatonin is widely present in Nature. It has pleiotropic activities, in part mediated by interactions with high-affinity G-protein-coupled melatonin type 1 and 2 (MT1 and MT2) receptors or under extreme conditions, e.g., ischemia/reperfusion. In pharmacological concentrations, it is given to counteract the massive damage caused by MT1- and MT2-independent mechanisms. The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is a perfect candidate for mediating the latter effects because melatonin has structural similarity to its natural ligands, including tryptophan metabolites and indolic compounds. Using a cell-based Human AhR Reporter Assay System, we demonstrated that melatonin and its indolic and kynuric metabolites act as agonists on the AhR with EC50’s between 10−4 and 10−6 M. This was further validated via the stimulation of the transcriptional activation of the CYP1A1 promoter. Furthermore, melatonin and its metabolites stimulated AhR translocation from the cytoplasm to the nucleus in human keratinocytes, as demonstrated by ImageStream II cytometry and Western blot (WB) analyses of cytoplasmic and nuclear fractions of human keratinocytes. These functional analyses are supported by in silico analyses. We also investigated the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)γ as a potential target for melatonin and metabolites bioregulation. The binding studies using a TR-TFRET kit to assay the interaction of the ligand with the ligand-binding domain (LBD) of the PPARγ showed agonistic activities of melatonin, 6-hydroxymelatonin and N-acetyl-N-formyl-5-methoxykynuramine with EC50’s in the 10−4 M range showing significantly lower affinities that those of rosiglitazone, e.g., a 10−8 M range. These interactions were substantiated by stimulation of the luciferase activity of the construct containing PPARE by melatonin and its metabolites at 10−4 M. As confirmed by the functional assays, binding mode predictions using a homology model of the AhR and a crystal structure of the PPARγ suggest that melatonin and its metabolites, including 6-hydroxymelatonin, 5-methoxytryptamine and N-acetyl-N-formyl-5-methoxykynuramine, are excellent candidates to act on the AhR and PPARγ with docking scores comparable to their corresponding natural ligands. Melatonin and its metabolites were modeled into the same ligand-binding pockets (LBDs) as their natural ligands. Thus, functional assays supported by molecular modeling have shown that melatonin and its indolic and kynuric metabolites can act as agonists on the AhR and they can interact with the PPARγ at high concentrations. This provides a mechanistic explanation for previously reported cytoprotective actions of melatonin and its metabolites that require high local concentrations of the ligands to reduce cellular damage under elevated oxidative stress conditions. It also identifies these compounds as therapeutic agents to be used at pharmacological doses in the prevention or therapy of skin diseases.
Comprehensive Pb‐Sr‐Nd‐Hf isotopic, trace element, and mineralogical characterization of mafic to ultramafic rock reference materials

Controlling the accuracy and precision of geochemical analyses requires the use of characterized reference materials with matrices similar to those of the unknown samples being analyzed. We report a comprehensive Pb‐Sr‐Nd‐Hf isotopic and trace element concentration data set, combined with quantitative phase analysis by XRD Rietveld refinement, for a wide range of mafic to ultramafic rock reference materials analyzed at the Pacific Centre for Isotopic and Geochemical Research, University of British Columbia. The samples include a pyroxenite (NIM‐P), five basalts (BHVO‐2, BIR‐1a, JB‐3, BE‐N, GSR‐3), a diabase (W‐2), a dolerite (DNC‐1), a norite (NIM‐N), and an anorthosite (AN‐G); results from a leucogabbro (Stillwater) are also reported. Individual isotopic ratios determined by MC‐ICP‐MS and TIMS, and multielement analyses by HR‐ICP‐MS are reported with 4–12 complete analytical duplicates for each sample. The basaltic reference materials have coherent Sr and Nd isotopic ratios with external precision below 50 ppm (2SD) and below 100 ppm for Hf isotopes (except BIR‐1a). For Pb isotopic reproducibility, several of the basalts (JB‐3, BHVO‐2) require acid leaching prior to dissolution. The plutonic reference materials also have coherent Sr and Nd isotopic ratios (<50 ppm), however, obtaining good reproducibility for Pb and Hf isotopic ratios is more challenging for NIM‐P, NIM‐N, and AN‐G due to a variety of factors, including postcrystallization Pb mobility and the presence of accessory zircon. Collectively, these results form a comprehensive new database that can be used by the geochemical community for evaluating the radiogenic isotope and trace element compositions of volcanic and plutonic mafic‐ultramafic rocks.
ANALYSIS OF LAND USE, DIVERSITY, BIOMASS, C AND NUTRIENT STORAGE OF A DRY TROPICAL FOREST ECOSYSTEM OF INDIA USING SATELLITE REMOTE SENSING AND GIS TECHNIQUES

Tropical forests are recognised as rich, diverse and highly productive ecosystems of the world. More than half of the global annual NPP occurs in the tropics. In India, the tropical forests covers about 75%. The present study was carried out to characterize the land use, vegetation structure, diversity, biomass production, C and nutrient storage of a dry tropical forest ecosystem in Barnawpara Sanctuary, Raipur district of Chhattisgarh through satellite remote sensing techniques and GIS. Results revealed that density of different forest types varied from 324 to 733 trees ha-1, basal area from 8.13 to 28.87 m2 ha-1 and number of species from 9 to 26. Similarly, the diversity ranged from 1.36 to 2.98, concentration of dominance from 0.07 to 0.49, species richness from 3.88 to 6.86 and beta diversity from 1.29 to 2.21. Sal mixed forest type recorded highest basal area and diversity was highest in Dense mixed forest, while Teak forest recorded maximum density. It was poor in Degraded mixed forests. Results revealed that the highest biomass was found in Dense mixed forest (321464.28 Mg), while net production was highest in Teak forests. Both were lowest in Degraded mixed forests (42996.08 Mg) in different forest types. The total storage of nutrients in vegetation (OS+US+GS) varied from 105.1 to 560.69 kg ha-1 in N, 4.09 kg ha-1 to 49.59 kg ha-1 in P, 24.59 kg ha-1 to 255.58 kg ha-1for K and 7310 to 4836 kg ha-1 for C in different forest types. They were highest in Dense mixed forest and lowest in Degraded mixed forest. The study also showed that NDVI and carbon storage was strongly correlated to Shannon Index and species richness thus it indicates that the diversity of forest type play a vital role in carbon accumulation. The study also developed reliable regression model for the estimation of LAI, biomass, NPP, C & N storage in dry tropical forests by using NDVI and different vegetation indices, which can be derived from fine resolution satellite data. Both quantitative and qualitative information derived in the study helped in evolving key strategies for maintaining existing C pools and also improving the C sequestration in different forest types. The study explores the scope and potential of dry tropical forests of Chhattisgarh for improving C sequestration and mitigating the global warming and climatic change.
A multi-dimensional scale for repositioning public park and recreation services

A Multi-Dimensional Scale for Repositioning Public Park and Recreation Services. (May 2003) Andrew Thomas Kaczynski, B.A., University of Waterloo Chair of Advisory Committee: Dr. John L. Crompton The goal of this study was to develop an instrument to assist public park and recreation agencies in successfully repositioning their offerings in order to garner increased allocations of tax dollars. To achieve this, an agency must be perceived as providing public benefits, those that accrue to all members of its constituency. The scale sought to identify the importance of various community issues and perceptions of the agency’s performance in contributing to those issues. A valid and reliable 36-item instrument was developed that encompasses nine distinct dimensions: Preventing Youth Crime, Environmental Stewardship, Enhancing Real Estate Values, Attracting and Retaining Businesses, Attracting and Retaining Retirees, Improving Community Health, Stimulating Urban Rejuvenation, Attracting Tourists, and Addressing the Needs of People who are Underemployed. These dimensions represent community issues that a park and recreation agency can contribute towards, and can therefore use as a basis for its repositioning efforts. Using a screening process by expert judges, a pretest sample of undergraduate students, and a sample of municipal residents, each of the importance and performance
Patterns of twenty‐first century forest loss across a global network of important sites for biodiversity

The contribution that remotely sensed satellite imagery could make to biodiversity monitoring is widely recognized, but remains largely unfulfilled at regional and global scales. Here, we use a publicly accessible global dataset to quantify forest loss during 2000–2012 across the world's 7279 Important Bird and Biodiversity Areas (IBAs) that support forest bird species, and examine correlates of forest loss. Forest covered around 2 912 000 km2 in these IBAs in 2000, but had decreased by around 73 000 km2 by 2012, a 2.52% loss across all IBAs. The median loss within IBAs was 0.87% during this period, although high losses on some IBAs skewed the mean to 2.59%. Rates of forest loss in IBAs were highest in South America and South East Asia. The rate of forest loss increased notably between 2003 and 2007. In addition to the effect of year, the best fit model of forest loss contained coverage of IBAs by protected areas, altitude, slope, GDP and human population density. The parameter estimates of a best fit model indicated forest loss decrease with increased protected area coverage, increased IBA altitude, increased IBA steepness and increased IBA human population. Forest loss decreased with per capita national GDP. The model explained only a small amount of variation in forest loss and as such is inappropriate to make predictions about where future loss will occur. We provide open access code to undertake online analysis of future forest cover change data, aiding the remote monitoring of forest cover at any suite of priority sites.
Assessment of water quality and the main pollutions of Taihu Lake.

The analysis samples of water chemistry and aquatic biology were collected quarterly in Taihu Lake from November 2007 to August 2008.We evaluate the actual condition of water quality and the main pollution sources of Taihu Lake by ways of water pollution index and comprehensive analysis of eutrophication.Evaluation of water pollution index analysis revealed that the main pollutants in Taihu Lake were nitrogen(N),phosphorus(P) and organic oxygen consumption(COD Mn). Total phosphorus(TP) shared the largest pollution load index(34.34%-54.34%),with the average pollution index of 48.36%. TN,TP and COD Mn had a significant positive correlations with Chlorophyll a(Chl-a),Pearson correlation coefficients were 0.715(P0.01),0.666(P0.01) and 0.740(P0.01) respectively.According to comprehensive analysis of nutritional status indicators,it also showed that TLI(Σ) values of Taihu Lake were between 60 and 70 in four seasons,with a mean value of 65.54. The seasonal changes of water quality were small.In a word,Taihu Lake was in a moderately eutrophication,and some of the region had shown a serious eutrophication.
Characteristics of δ13CDIC in lakes on the Tibetan Plateau and its implications for the carbon cycle

Dissolved inorganic carbon isotope (δ13CDIC) is an important tool to reveal the carbon cycle in lake systems. However, there are only few studies focusing on the spatial variation of δ13CDIC of closed lakes. Here we analyze the characteristics of δ13CDIC of 24 sampled lakes (mainly closed lakes) across the Qiangtang Plateau (QTP) and identify the driving factors for its spatial variation. The δ13CDIC value of these observed lakes varies in the range of − 15·0 to 3·2‰, with an average value of − 1·2‰. The δ13CDIC value of closed lakes is close to the atmospheric isotopic equilibrium value, much higher than that in rivers and freshwater lakes reported before. The high δ13CDIC value of closed lakes is mainly attributed to the significant contribution of carbonate weathering in the catchment and the evasion of dissolved CO2 induced by the strong evaporation of lake water. The δ13CDIC value of closed lakes has a logarithmic correlation with water chemistry (TDS, DIC and pCO2), also suggesting that the evapo‐concentration of lake water can influence the δ13CDIC value. The δ13CDIC value shows two opposite logarithmic correlations with lake size depending on the δ13CDIC range. This study suggests that the δ13C in carbonates in lacustrine sediments can be taken as an indicator of lake volume variation in closed lakes on QTP. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Analysis of Acceptance and Success of Digipos Aja Telkomsel in Kalimantan Region Using The Integration of UTAUT and DeLone & McLean Models

The current development of technology and information is driving various business sectors to undergo transformation. Telkomsel continues to strive to enhance ease in providing digital connectivity support solutions. One of these efforts is the establishment of a supply chain ecosystem through the management of Telkomsel resellers by introducing the Digipos Aja application. This research aims to identify factors that influence acceptance and success of implementing Digipos Aja. It employs variables from the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) model and Delone and McLean IS Success model. A mixed methods approach is utilized to integrate quantitative data in order to gain a comprehensive understanding of factors that affect application usage. Quantitative method involves collecting data about usage frequency, user satisfaction levels, and benefits received through a questionnaire distributed to 400 resellers using DigiPOS Aja in the Kalimantan region. Quantitative data is analyzed using Partial Least Square (PLS) and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) with the data processing tool SmartPLS. The research results indicate that two variables, System Quality and Service Quality, are not significant in relation to Continuance Intention.
DeepCNN-DTI: A Deep Learning Model for Detecting Drug-Target Interactions

Drug target interaction is an important area of drug discovery, development, and repositioning. Knowing that in vitro experiments are time-consuming and computationally expensive, the development of an efficient predictive model is a promising challenge for Drug-Target Interactions (DTIs) prediction. Motivated by this problem, we propose in this paper a new prediction model called DeepCNN-DTI to efficiently solve such complex real-world activities. The main motivation behind this work is to explore the advantages of a deep learning strategy with feature extraction techniques, resulting in an advanced model that effectively captures the complex relationships between drug molecules and target proteins for accurate DTIs prediction. Experimental results generated based on a set of data in terms of accuracy, precision, sensitivity, specificity, and F1-score demonstrate the superiority of the model compared to other competing learning strategies.
The Adoption and Implementation of Arti ﬁ cial Intelligence Chatbots in Public Organizations: Evidence from U.S. State Governments

Although the use of arti ﬁ cial intelligence (AI) chatbots in public organizations has increased in recent years, three crucial gaps remain unresolved. First, little empirical evidence has been produced to examine the deployment of chatbots in government contexts. Second, existing research does not distinguish clearly between the drivers of adoption and the determinants of success and, therefore, between the stages of adoption and implementation. Third, most current research does not use a multidimensional perspective to understand the adoption and implementation of AI in government organizations. Our study addresses these gaps by exploring the following question: what determinants facilitate or impede the adoption and implementation of chatbots in the public sector? We answer this question by analyzing 22 state agencies across the U.S.A. that use chatbots. Our analysis identi ﬁ es ease of use and relative advantage of chatbots, leadership and innovative culture, external shock, and individual past experiences as the main drivers of the decisions to adopt chatbots. Further, it shows that different types of determinants (such as knowledge-base creation and maintenance, technology skills and system crashes, human and ﬁ nancial resources, cross-agency interaction and communication, con ﬁ dentiality and safety rules and regulations, and citizens ’ expectations, and the COVID-19 crisis) impact differently the adoption and implementation processes and, therefore, determine the success of chatbots in a different manner. Future research could focus on the interaction among different types of determinants for both adoption and implementation, as well as on the role of speci ﬁ c stakeholders, such as IT vendors.
Delamination/thinning of sub-continental lithospheric mantle under Eastern China: The role of water and multiple subduction

We present a new model to explain one of the biggest tectonic problems of Earth Sciences today, namely, how and why did the Archean sub-continental lithospheric mantle under the Eastern Block of the North China Craton (NCC) delaminate or thin so drastically in the Cretaceous? The eastern NCC is surrounded by several sutures: to the north the south-dipping Solonker (Permo-Triassic formation age) and Mongol-Okhotsk suture (Jurassic formation age), to the south the north-dipping Dabie Shan and Song Ma sutures (Permo-Triassic formation age), and to the east the Pacific oceanic plate (200-100 Ma). Water was carried down under the eastern NCC by the hydrated Pacific plate for at least 100 Ma, and by oceanic plates subducted along the Solonker, Dabie Shan and Song Ma sutures for at least 250 Ma from the early Paleozoic to the Permo-Triassic, and by the Mongol-Okhotsk suture for at least 200 Ma until the Jurassic. Tomographic images show that the Pacific plate has ponded along the top of the mantle transition zone under the eastern NCC for over ca. 2000 km from the Japan trench. An addition of 0.2 weight percent H2O lowered the solidus temperature of hydrous mantle peridotite by 150 °C, which led to extensive melting in the hydrous mantle transition zone, and to the rise of hydrous plumes into the overlying crust-mantle. By the time of formation of the Permo-Triassic sutures, the hydration caused by subduction of four oceanic plates had caused major garnetization of the Archean crustal root of the eastern NCC, and post-collisional thrusting in the Jurassic led to major crust/mantle thickening and this triggered collapse of the hydro-weakened garnet-enriched crustal root. During the extensional Cretaceous period, abundant mafic, adakitic and granitic intrusions and extensive gold mineralization were emplaced and metamorphic core complexes and sedimentary and foreland basins formed in and around the eastern NCC. Part of the root was chemically transformed and replaced by upwelling fertile asthenospheric material, which fed the extrusion of extensive alkali flood basalts in the Cenozoic.