Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Waveform inversion based target-oriented redatuming

Finding a velocity model that produces simulated data that fits the observed one is the main objective of full waveform inversion (FWI). To meet such an objective we often need to solve for a high-resolution delineation of the subsurface medium. The current algorithms are usually implemented over the entire model space with a consistent discretization and physical assumptions, which can be both complex and costly in practice. Alternatively, we develop an FWI framework that utilizes a split model to an overburden, like the medium above a reservoir, and the underlying represented by data at a datum at the bottom of the overburden. We simultaneously invert for the velocity model above the datum level, which effects the redatuming process but often owns to more simple physics, and the corresponding data at that datum, which may represent a complex reservoir region. We formulate the redatuming operator using a modified expression of the extended Born representation, which is a multi-dimensional crosscorrelation. The resulting modeling needed in such an inversion includes wavefields from a source and those ignited at the datum level. We estimate the overburden velocity using low-wavenumber updates along the modeled reflection wavepaths. The dimensionality of the model extension and the retrieved data helps us match data on the surface, which results in a robust implementation. Tests on a simple model and the Marmousi show that our method can build a good velocity model and also obtain redatumed data with reasonable amplitude accuracy.
Monkeypox: A review of the history and emergence in the Western hemisphere

A mysterious disease was reported on May 24, 2003, when the Wisconsin Division of Public Health (DPH) received notice of a 3-year-old girl who had been hospitalized in central Wisconsin with cellulites and fever after being bitten by a prairie dog on May 13. The laboratory isolated a gram-negative bacillus, raising concerns that it might be tularemia or plague; ultimately, it was identified as an acinetobacter species and was considered to be a contaminant. Because no other such cases were reported at the time, the case was thought to be merely an isolated event. However, within two weeks, on June 2, 2003, evidence of a much wider scenario began to emerge. On that date, the Wisconsin DPH received notice from the Marshfield Laboratory that the mother of the first patient had become ill on May 26 and that electron-microscopic evidence of a poxvirus was found in a skin lesion. On that same day, another report, this time from the Milwaukee Health Department, of a strange illness was received at the DPH and described the case of a meat inspector who resided in southeastern Wisconsin and also was a distributor of exotic animals. By July 30, 2003, 72 confirmed or suspected cases of monkeypox had been reported in Wisconsin, Illinois, and Indiana and represented a large outbreak. The peak in the onset of illness occurred between May 29 and June 9, 2003, and no further cases of illness have been reported in humans since June 22, 2003. Traceback investigations from the child and other patients followed the route of introduction of monkeypox into Wisconsin to a distributor in Illinois, who had received a shipment of exotic animals imported into the United States through Texas from Ghana, West Africa.
Measuring the Role of Social Media and E-word of Mouth on Purchase Intention of Secondate Make-up Products

Purchase intention is important to pay attention to because it relates to consumer interest in trying, buying, and owning products such as beauty products. Furthermore, it can be seen from the consumer's behavior of parasocial interaction, social value, and personal value towards the influencer, which will affect their interest in buying the product. This research takes the object of research as an owner as well as an influencer for beauty products Secondate. The research design uses a deductive approach with a quantitative research model to determine the impact of influencers on the quality of parasocial interaction, social values, personal values, and e-wom on purchase intention. The sample of this study were secondary make-up users with a total of 169 respondents. Data analysis used the Structural Equation Model (SEM) method. The results of the study show that parasocial interaction affects social value. Parasocial interaction increases positive perceptions of personal value, and social value can increase consumer purchase intention, but personal value cannot attract consumer purchase intention. Parasocial interaction does not affect consumer purchase intention, so e-wom does not moderate the effect of parasocial interaction on consumer purchase intention. The results of this study concluded that social media can be a means to affect the interest in buying a product. With the respondent's research on social value and personal value, it can be said that it affects a person's buying interest in a product. Social value and personal value can help us to sort out which products we need and which are suitable for us.
The state of systems of systems engineering knowledge sources

Application of systems engineering to `systems of systems' is a topic of increasing interest across the systems engineering community. This paper reviews the upcoming latest versions of three core SE knowledge sources, the Guide to the Systems Engineering Body of Knowledge (SEBoK), the INCOSE Systems Engineering Handbook and the SoS Annex to ISO/IEC 15288, Systems and software engineering - System Lifecycle Processes, and examines how they address various aspects of systems of systems engineering, as an indicator of the current state of knowledge on systems of systems and systems engineering.
Journal of Neurotherapy: Investigations in Neuromodulation, Neurofeedback and Applied

Reliability and validity are statistical concepts that are reviewed and then applied to the field of quantitative electroencephalography (qEEG). The review of the scientific literature demonstrated high levels of split-half and test–retest reliability of qEEG and convincing content and predictive validity as well as other forms of validity. QEEG is distinguished from nonquantitative EEG (‘‘eyeball’’ examination of EEG traces), with the latter showing low reliability (e.g., 0.2–0.29) and poor interrater agreement for nonepilepsy evaluation. In contrast, qEEG is greater than 0.9 reliable with as little as 40-s epochs and remains stable with high test–retest reliability over many days and weeks. Predictive validity of qEEG is established by significant and replicable correlations with clinical measures and accurate predictions of outcome and performance on neuropsychological tests. In contrast, non-qEEG or eyeball visual examination of the EEG traces in cases of nonepilepsy has essentially zero predictive validity. Content validity of qEEG is established by correlations with independent measures such as the MRI, PET and SPECT, the Glasgow Coma Score, neuropsychological tests, and so on, where the scientific literature again demonstrates significant correlations between qEEG and independent measures known to be related to various clinical disorders. The ability to test and evaluate the concepts of reliability and validity are demonstrated by mathematical proof and simulation where one can demonstrate test–retest reliability as well as zero physiological validity of coherence and phase differences when using an average reference and Laplacian montage.
SH-GAT: Software-hardware co-design for accelerating graph attention networks on FPGA

Graph convolution networks (GCN) have demonstrated success in learning graph structures; however, they are limited in inductive tasks. Graph attention networks (GAT) were proposed to address the limitations of GCN and have shown high performance in graph-based tasks. Despite this success, GAT faces challenges in hardware acceleration, including: 1) The GAT algorithm has difficulty adapting to hardware; 2) challenges in efficiently implementing Sparse matrix multiplication (SPMM); and 3) complex addressing and pipeline stall issues due to irregular memory accesses. To this end, this paper proposed SH-GAT, an FPGA-based GAT accelerator that achieves more efficient GAT inference. The proposed approach employed several optimizations to enhance GAT performance. First, this work optimized the GAT algorithm using split weights and softmax approximation to make it more hardware-friendly. Second, a load-balanced SPMM kernel was designed to fully leverage potential parallelism and improve data throughput. Lastly, data preprocessing was performed by pre-fetching the source node and its neighbor nodes, effectively addressing pipeline stall and complexly addressing issues arising from irregular memory access. SH-GAT was evaluated on the Xilinx FPGA Alveo U280 accelerator card with three popular datasets. Compared to existing CPU, GPU, and state-of-the-art (SOTA) FPGA-based accelerators, SH-GAT can achieve speedup by up to 3283$ \times $, 13$ \times $, and 2.3$ \times $.
A framework for table driven testing of Java classes

With the advent of object‐oriented languages and the portability of Java, the development and use of class libraries has become widespread. Effective class reuse depends on class reliability which in turn depends on thorough testing. This paper describes a class testing approach based on modeling each test case with a tuple and then generating large numbers of tuples to thoroughly cover an input space with many interesting combinations of values. The testing approach is supported by the Roast framework for the testing of Java classes. Roast provides automated tuple generation based on boundary values, unit operations that support driver standardization, and test case templates used for code generation. Roast produces thorough, compact test drivers with low development and maintenance cost. The framework and tool support are illustrated on a number of non‐trivial classes, including a graphical user interface policy manager. Quantitative results are presented to substantiate the practicality and effectiveness of the approach. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Learning Gene Regulatory Networks with Predefined Attractors for Sequential Updating Schemes Using Simulated Annealing

A simulated annealing framework is presented for learning gene regulatory networks with predefined attractors, under the threshold Boolean network model updated sequentially. The proposed method is used to study the robustness of the networks, defined as the number of different updating sequences they can have without loosing the attractor. The results suggests a power law between the frequency of the networks and the number of the updating sequences, also, a decrease of the networks’ robustness as the cycle length grows. In general, the proposed simulated annealing framework is effective for reverse engineering problems.
Characterization of a neural-specific splicing form of the human neuregulin 3 gene involved in oligodendrocyte survival

Neuregulins are a family of genes involved in key aspects of neural biology. Neuregulins 1, 2 and 3 (NRG1, NRG2 and NRG3) are expressed in the mammalian nervous system. It is well established that NRG1, with fifteen different splicing forms, is central for brain development and function. However, the biological relevance of NRG2 and NRG3 remains elusive. Here, we report the identification of a new isoform of NRG3 that is specifically expressed in the human embryonic central nervous system. Sequence alignment with the human genome suggests that this transcript is produced by alternative promoter usage. The encoded polypeptide is a type-I-glycosylated plasma membrane protein, which is shed into the extracellular space where it activates erbB4, a pivotal receptor for brain development. In addition, we show that the protein has a signal sequence that is cleaved after membrane insertion. Proteasome inhibition with Lactacystin enhances the expression of the protein, whereas impairment of ubiquitylation in the conditional mutant cell line ts20 protects the protein from degradation. These observations imply that the ubiquitin/proteasome pathway regulates biogenesis of the protein. We also show that recombinant neuregulin 3 acts as an oligodendrocyte survival factor by activating the phosphoinositide 3-kinase signalling pathway. Therefore, we report a new post-translationally regulated isoform of neuregulin 3 expressed in the developing human central nervous system with a role in oligodendrocyte survival.
Molecular phylogenetics of Pleosporales: Melanommataceae and Lophiostomataceae re-circumscribed (Pleosporomycetidae, Dothideomycetes, Ascomycota)

The classification of Pleosporales has posed major challenges due to the lack of clear understanding of the importance of the morphological characters used to distinguish between different groups in the order. This has resulted in varied taxonomic treatments of many families in the group including Melanommataceae and Lophiostomataceae. In this study we employ two nuclear DNA gene markers, nuclear ribosomal large subunit DNA and translation elongation factor 1-alpha in order to examine the molecular phylogenetics of Pleosporales with strong emphasis on the families Melanommataceae and Lophiostomataceae. Phylogenetic analyses recovered Melanommataceae, Lophiostomataceae, Hypsostromataceae, and a few others as strongly supported clades within the Pleosporales. Melanommataceae as currently circumscribed was found to be polyphyletic. The genera Byssosphaeria, Melanomma, and Pseudotrichia were recovered within the family, while others such as Ostropella and Xenolophium nested outside in a weakly supported group along with Platystomum compressum and Pseudotrichia guatopoensis that may correspond to the family Platystomaceae. The genus Byssosphaeria was recovered as a strongly supported group within the Melanommataceae while Melanomma was weakly supported with unclear relationships among the species. The genera Herpotrichia and Bertiella were also found to belong in the Melanommataceae. Lophiostomataceae occurs as a strongly supported group but its concept is here expanded to include a new genus Misturatosphaeria that bears morphology traditionally not known to occur in the family. The strongly supported clade of Misturatosphaeria contains nine species that have gregarious, papillate ascomata with lighter coloured apices and plugged ostioles and that vary in ascospore morphology from 1- to 3-septate to muriform. Along with a strongly supported Lophiostoma clade, also within the family are Thyridaria macrostomoides based on new sequences from Kenyan collections and Massariosphaeria triseptata, M. grandispora, Westerdykella cylindrica and Preussia terricola based on GenBank sequences. The family Hypsostromataceae was recovered as a strongly supported monophyletic group nested within the Pleosporales.
A Load Balancing Scheme for Birkhoff-von Neumann Input-Queued Switches

In this paper, we propose a novel load-balancing scheme for the Birkhoff-von Neumann input-queued (BvN-IQ) switch, which we call the cyclic exchange. According to the cyclic exchange scheme, in each time slot each linecard transfers a cell from its non-empty VOQ to the empty VOQ of another linecard which is destined for the same output. In order to guarantee the cell sequence in this procedure, we propose a simple rule of selecting the cells to be transferred for load balancing, and prove the sequence guarantee by the proposed rule. Since the cyclic exchange is performed locally between two linecards, its communication and computation overhead is not too heavy to implement. To be specific, the communication overhead of the proposed scheme is the transmission of N bits and its computation overhead corresponds to a priority encoder with a fixed highest priority. The simulation results show that the proposed scheme achieves 100% throughput asymptotically and shorter delay than the two-stage switch.
Neural Mechanisms Underlying Perilesional Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation in Aphasia: A Feasibility Study

Little is known about the neural mechanisms by which transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) impacts on language processing in post-stroke aphasia. This was addressed in a proof-of-principle study that explored the effects of tDCS application in aphasia during simultaneous functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). We employed a single subject, cross-over, sham-tDCS controlled design, and the stimulation was administered to an individualized perilesional stimulation site that was identified by a baseline fMRI scan and a picture naming task. Peak activity during the baseline scan was located in the spared left inferior frontal gyrus and this area was stimulated during a subsequent cross-over phase. tDCS was successfully administered to the target region and anodal- vs. sham-tDCS resulted in selectively increased activity at the stimulation site. Our results thus demonstrate that it is feasible to precisely target an individualized stimulation site in aphasia patients during simultaneous fMRI, which allows assessing the neural mechanisms underlying tDCS application. The functional imaging results of this case report highlight one possible mechanism that may have contributed to beneficial behavioral stimulation effects in previous clinical tDCS trials in aphasia. In the future, this approach will allow identifying distinct patterns of stimulation effects on neural processing in larger cohorts of patients. This may ultimately yield information about the variability of tDCS effects on brain functions in aphasia.
Output tracking control of MIMO fuzzy nonlinear systems using variable structure control approach

The output tracking control problem for nonlinear systems in the presence of both parameter perturbations and external disturbances is studied. Our approach is based on the Takagi-Sugeno (T-S) fuzzy modeling method and a variable structure control (VSC) technique. Therefore, the systems considered are not and need not be in the triangular and parametric strict-feedback form, which are prevalent among adaptive model following control for nonlinear systems, or in the normal form, which pervades almost all existing results in neuro-fuzzy model following control approach. We first study the problem of stabilization of T-S fuzzy systems by using a VSC technique. A method for the design of a switching surface based on linear matrix inequalities is developed and a stabilizing controller based on a reaching law concept in the presence of both parameter perturbations and external disturbances is proposed. Then, the method is extended to design controllers for output tracking of T-S fuzzy nonlinear systems in two cases, i.e. systems which possess the so-called strong passive subsystems and strong stable zero dynamics, respectively. Finally, illustrative examples are presented to demonstrate the whole design procedure from the original nonlinear systems to their fuzzification and finally to the realization of the desired controllers. Simulation results show that the goal of output tracking can be achieved by the proposed controllers.
Estimation of Muscular Fatigue Under Electromyostimulation Using CWT

The aim of this study is to investigate muscular fatigue and to propose a new fatigue index based on the continuous wavelet transform (CWT) which is compared to the standard fatigue indexes from literature. Fatigue indexes are all based on the electrical activity of muscles [electromyogram (EMG)] acquired during an electrically stimulated contraction thanks to two modules (electromyostimulation + electromyography recording) that can analyze EMG signals in real time during electromyostimulation. The extracted parameters are compared with each other and their sensitivity to noise is studied. The effect of truncation of M waves is then investigated, enlightening the robustness of the index obtained using CWT.
Thunderstorm‐/lightning‐induced ionospheric perturbation: An observation from equatorial and low‐latitude stations around Hong Kong

Total electron content (TEC) computed from the network of Global Positioning System over Hong Kong area known as Hong Kong Sat‐Ref‐network has been used to study perturbation in the ionosphere from thunder storm activity. Data for geomagnetic quiet day (Kp < 4, on 1 April 2014) have been analyzed. The lightning activity was measured from Total Lightning sensor LS8000 over/around the Hong Kong region. Deviation in vertical TEC (DTEC) and the rate of change of TEC index (ROTI) have been derived and compared for lightning day of 1 April 2014 and nonlightning day of 7 April 2014. An analysis showed reduction in TEC during evening hour (up to 1245 UT), whereas an enhancement during nighttime hour on the lightning day is observed. The variations in DTEC during nonlightning day are found to be insignificant in comparison to that during the lightning day. The ionospheric perturbation in TEC has been noticed up to a distance around ~500 km and more from the lightning center. ROTI is found to vary from 3 to 60 total electron content unit (TECU)/min (1 TECU = 1016 el m−2) on the day of thunderstorm activity, whereas ROTI is insignificant on nonlightning days. Signature of density bubbles in slant TEC data and periodicities (10–100 min) in DTEC data are observed. For the same pseudorandom numbers (1, 10, 13, 23, and 28) strong amplitude scintillations are also observed at a close by station. Amplitude scintillations are proposed to be caused by plasma bubbles. The results are tentatively explained by thunderstorm‐induced electric fields and gravity waves.
THE EFFECTS OF HOLOGRAM WRISTBANDS AND PLACEBO ON ATHLETIC PERFORMANCE

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of hologram wristbands and placebo on athletic performance measures: acceleration, power, strength, balance and flexibility. Eighteen physically active healthy young adults participated (15 men, 3 women; age: 18.4±0.6 years; weight: 74.5±13.73 kg; height: 177±8.5 cm). Acceleration was measured via the five-metre sprint using a wireless speedtrap; power was measured via the standing long jump; strength was measured via the handgrip dynamometer; balance was measured via the standing stork test with eyes closed; and flexibility was measured via the sit-and-reach test. A double blind, placebo controlled, randomized design with repeated measures was utilized. All participants undertook four different treatment conditions, consisting of: 1) told wristband/given wristband, 2) told wristband/given placebo, 3) told inert wristband/given wristband, and 4) no wristband, which was the control group. Results were analysed using a one-way analysis of variance with repeated measures. A p value of . 05 was used to establish statistical significance. There were no significant differences in acceleration, power, strength, balance or flexibility across any of the four conditions (p>.05). The results indicate that hologram wristbands did not have an immediate effect on athletic performance and no placebo effects were found in any areas of athletic performance.