Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Notes on Seychelles mosses. 6. A generic revision of Clastobryophilum M.Fleisch. (Sematophyllaceae, Bryopsida)

The genus Clastobryophilum M.Fleisch. (Sematophyllaceae, Bryopsida) is reviewed, and two species are maintained: C. bogoricum (Bosch & Sande Lac.) M.Fleisch. and C. balansaeanum (Besch.) Broth. C. rufo-viride (Besch.) M.Fleisch. of Madagascar and Seychelles, the only African species, becomes a synonym of the Asian C. bogoricum , as does C. asperifolium (Thwaites & Mitt.) B.C.Tan of Sri Lanka. Several collections named as Clastobryophilum, including the type of C. bogoricum var. laevibogoricum (Dixon) Seki in Nog. , are excluded from the genus.
Data-driven robot motion control design

• A submitted manuscript is the version of the article upon submission and before peer-review. There can be important differences between the submitted version and the official published version of record. People interested in the research are advised to contact the author for the final version of the publication, or visit the DOI to the publisher's website. • The final author version and the galley proof are versions of the publication after peer review. • The final published version features the final layout of the paper including the volume, issue and page numbers.
Evolution and Structure of the Internet: Index

Viewed in this analysis from a statistical physics perspective, the Internet is perceived as a developing system that evolves through the addition and removal of nodes and links. This perspective permits the authors to outline the dynamical theory that can appropriately describe the Internet's macroscopic evolution. The presence of such a theoretical framework will provide a revolutionary way of enhancing the reader's understanding of the Internet's varied network processes.
The ACS Virgo Cluster Survey III. Chandra and HST observations of low-mass X-Ray binaries and globular clusters in M87

The ACIS instrument on board the Chandra X-ray Observatory has been used to carry out the first systematic study of low-mass X-ray binaries (LMXBs) in M87, the giant elliptical galaxy near the dynamical center of the Virgo Cluster. These images — having a total exposure time of 154 ks — are the deepest X-ray observations yet obtained of M87. We identify 174 X-ray point-sources, of which ∼ 150 are likely LMXBs. This LMXB catalog is combined with deep F475W and F850LP images taken with ACS on HST (as part of the ACS Virgo Cluster Survey) to examine the connection between LMXBs and globular clusters in M87. Of the 1688 globular clusters in our catalog, fX = 3.6±0.5% contain a LMXB. Dividing the globular cluster sample by metallicity, we find that the metal-rich clusters are 3±1 times more likely to harbor a LMXB than their metal-poor counterparts. In agreement with previous findings for other galaxies based on smaller LMXB samples, we find the efficiency of LMXB formation to scale with both cluster metallicity, Z, and luminosity, in the sense that brighter, more metal-rich clusters are more likely to contain a LMXB. For the first time, however, we are able to demonstrate that the probability, pX , that a given cluster will contain a LMXB depends sensitively on the dynamical properties of the host cluster. Specifically, we use the HST images to measure the half-light radius, concentration index and central density, ρ0, for each globular, and define a parameter, Γ, which is related to the tidal capture and binary-neutron star exchange rate. Our preferred form for pX is then pX ∝ Γρ 0 (Z/Z⊙). We argue that if the form of pX is determined by dynamical processes, then the observed metallicity dependence is a consequence of an increased number of neutron stars per unit mass in metal-rich globular clusters. Finally, we present a critical examination of the LMXB luminosity function in M87 and re-examine the published LMXB luminosity functions for M49 and NGC 4697. We find no compelling evidence for a break in the luminosity distribution of resolved X-ray point sources in any of these galaxies. Instead, the LMXB luminosity function in all three galaxies is well described by a power law with an upper cutoff at LX ∼ 10 erg s. Subject headings: galaxies: elliptical and lenticular, cD — galaxies: individual (M87) — galaxies: star clusters — globular clusters: general — X-rays: binaries
A Comparative Morphological Study of Pinnules in the Cenozoic Osmunda Subgenus Osmunda (Osmundaceae): Implications for Its Historical Biogeography and Phylogeny

Premise of research. Osmunda regalis has a worldwide distribution, except for in eastern Asia, where Osmunda japonica and Osmunda lancea can be found instead. However, the present geographic separation does not necessarily mean geographical speciation. Molecular data indicated that American O. regalis is sister to O. japonica and O. lancea rather than to European O. regalis, but the relationship between the distribution and phylogeny remained unclear. An analysis of vegetative pinnule fossils, which were abundant in the Cenozoic time, would help elucidate the historical biogeography and evolution of these species if the taxonomy of the fossils would be clarified. Methodology. We measured interveinlet intervals in mature and juvenile plants of the extant species and fossils from Japan and the rest of the world, as well as the size of their pinnules, and compared them through geological time and during ontogeny. Pivotal results. The interveinlet interval differs between O. regalis and O. japonica, and part of the Cenozoic fossils, mostly from Japan, could be classified as belonging to these two species. The venation of the O. japonica mature plants was more similar to that of juvenile plants of the same species than was the case with O. regalis, possibly due to a paedomorphic interval in O. japonica. Conclusions. Osmunda regalis or its ancestor had been present in eastern Asia since the Middle Eocene, while O. japonica was derived in the Miocene, possibly from O. regalis. The past sympatry of the two species may have been facilitated by ecological isolation before geographical separation.
Chemical weed control in onion

The chemical weed control and the weeding and interculturing were compared in onion. The results indicated that Tenoran application at the rate of 2.5 kg per hectare after 3–5 weeks of transplanting onion seedlings controlled many kinds of weeds and gave significantly higher yield than the control. But there were on significant differences, in yield between the Tenoran application, weeding alone and weeding and interculturing treatments.
Seasonal mortality in Denmark: the role of sex and age

Our paper addresses two questions on seasonal mortality: How do women and men differ with respect to seasonal fluctuations in mortality? How does seasonality in death change with age? The analysis is based on a sample of all Danes aged 50 and older on 1 April 1968 being followed for 30 years. In contrast to previous studies we found remarkable differences between women and men in their seasonal mortality patterns. Men showed larger seasonal fluctuations than women indicating a higher susceptibility to environmental stressful periods. We found that seasonality increases with age. However, we discovered again a sex difference: women's seasonality starts increasing at later ages than men's.
Anomalous Flux Ratios in Gravitational Lenses: For or Against CDM ?

We review the evidence for substructures from the anomalous flux ratios in gravitational lenses. Using high-resolution numerical simulations, we show that at typical image positions, the fraction of surface mass density in substructures is . 0.5% with mass above 10 virial masses in the “concordance” ΛCDM cosmology. Substructures outside the virial radius (but projected at typical lens image positions) only increase the fraction moderately. Several effects, in particular baryonic settling and the requirement of compactness, may further decrease the predictions by a factor of few. The predicted fraction with appropriate properties thus appears to be lower than that required by lensing, although both are still uncertain. More speculative substructures such as massive black holes (M ∼ 10 − 106M⊙) in the halo may offer viable alternatives. Subject headings: gravitational lensing cosmology: theory dark matter galaxies: structure, evolution
Source Apportionment of Aerosols by 14C Measurements in Different Carbonaceous Particle Fractions

Radiocarbon enables a distinction between contemporary and fossil carbon, which can be used for the apportionment of biogenic and anthropogenic sources in environmental studies. In order to apply this approach to carbonaceous atmospheric aerosols, it is necessary to adapt pretreatment procedures to the requirements of 14C measurements. In this work, we followed an approach in which total carbon (TC) is subdivided into fractions of different chemical and physical properties. 14C data of ambient aerosols from Zürich (Switzerland) are presented for the 2 sub-fractions of TC, organic carbon (OC) and elemental carbon (EC). Furthermore, OC is separated into water-insoluble OC (WINSOC) and water-soluble OC (WSOC). Results demonstrate the importance to differentiate between these fractions for 14C-deduced source apportionment, as the contributions can range between both extremes, nearly exclusively biogenic and anthropogenic.
Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of essential oil of Origanum vulgare L.

The essential oil of the dried flowering aerial parts of Origanum vulgare L (Labiatae) collected from the suburb of Nour, Mazandaran Province (North of Iran) was isolated by hydrodistillation and analyzed by means of GC and GC/MS. The major components of O. vulgare oil were elemol (9.3%), sabinene (8.7%), -eudesmol (7.7%), terpinen-4-ol (7.6%), and -caryophyllene (6.7%). The O. vulgare oil exhibited a pronounced antibacterial effect on some bacteria tested. The essential oil did not show antifungal activity.
Stock Prices and Exchange Rates in the EU and the USA: Evidence of their Mutual Interactions

This paper investigates the nature of the causal relationships among stock prices and effective exchange rates in four old EU member countries (Austria, France, Germany, and the UK), four new EU member countries (Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, and Slovakia), and in the United States. Both the long- and short-term causalities between these variables are explored using monthly data. The paper also endeavors to answer the question of whether the linkages between the analyzed economic variables are of similar intensity and direction in old and new EU member countries, and whether or how relationships have changed. The results show much stronger causality in countries with developed capital and foreign-exchange markets (i.e., old EU member countries and the United States). Evidence also suggests more powerful long- and short-term causal relations during the 1993-2003 period than during 1970-92. Causalities seem to be predominantly unidirectional, with the direction running from stock prices to exchange rates. Finally, we detected strong relations when applying the real effective exchange rate than the nominal effective exchange rate.
SPATIAL AMBIENT AIR QUALITY ANALYSIS AND ITS EFFECTS ON THE TRAFFIC POLICE OFFICERS WITHIN THE CENTRAL BUSINESS DISTRICT IN NAIROBI, KENYA

Every person in Kenya is entitled to a clean and healthy environment. This includes the access to the various public elements or segments of the environment for recreational, educational, health, spiritual and cultural purposes. As a practice, the traffic police officers (TPO’s) spend most of their time on the road controlling traffic a routine that exposes them to automobile emissions. This study was therefore carried out to investigate the levels of exposure to automobile emissions and to determine the health effects of exposure. Emissions of carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) and oxides of nitrogen (NO x ) from vehicles in the Central Business District in Nairobi were sampled. A gas aspiration pump AP-20 together with detector tubes were used to determine the levels of NOx, CO emissions while Testo 435 multi-function measuring instrument was used to determine CO 2 levels, wind velocity and temperature at ten purposely selected sites within the Central Business District. The results showed that CO 2, CO and NO x sampled had means of 634.80 parts per million (ppm), 12.74 ppm and 2.56 ppm respectively. These results demonstrated that the TPO’s were exposed to CO, CO 2 and NO x levels that were above the recommended occupational exposure limits-control limit for the gases according to Legal Notice No. 60 of 2007 (GOK, 2007).
Application of ADAPT-VPA to various stock hypotheses for the Antarctic minke whales distributed through IWC management areas IIIE to VIW

This paper focuses primarily on addressing suggestions made during the Ulsan meeting of the Scientific Committee for refinement of the ADAPT-VPA assessments of Antarctic minke whales presented in Mori and Butterworth (2005). The methodology is extended to take account of different selectivities for the Russian and Japanese fleets during the period of commercial whaling, but this has little effect on results. The slopes of catch curves for the research catches have decreased and then stabilised during the course of the JARPA programme. This is indicative of a change in recruitment trends over time, rather than of a very high natural mortality as was amongst the postulates at the time of commercial whaling. ADAPT-VPA assessments are run for the five stock structure hypotheses specified by the Scientific Committee for the minke whales distributed through Areas IIIE to VIW, and for various choices of series of abundance estimates to which to fit the model. These runs generally indicate a trend of increasing recruitment of about 4% pa until the mid-1960s, followed by a trend in total abundance that decreases or is sometimes stable, depending on the abundance estimate series selected for fitting. Results for the Istock (Areas IIIE+IV+VW) are quite sensitive to this selection, but those for the P-stock (Areas VE+VIW) less so. Estimates of natural mortality M are generally in the 0.06 to 0.09 range, with a tendency to be somewhat higher for the Pcompared to the I-stock. Fits of the outputs from the ADAPT-VPA to a stock-recruitment model generally require a carrying capacity for minke whales that first increased and then declined during the last century, and suggest MSYR1+ values in the 4-7% range. Possibilities for further work are outlined, including disaggregation of the analysis by sex.
Morphological Study for Identification Improvement Tambra Fish (Tor spp.: Cyprinidae) from Indonesia

The identification improvement among species of Tor was conducted based on fish specimens in Museum Zoology Bogor. Each species represented 8 specimens and measured 22 characters (in mm) used digital caliper. The Canonical variate analysis (discriminant function analysis) was used. The results showed these four species different in morphology, and Tor soro 100% grouping from its congeners. Five characters were selected to separate species. Commonly, population of tambra fish in the world was critical therefore needed conservation. © 2006 Jurusan Biologi FMIPA UNS Surakarta
It's about time we align : meeting deadlines in project teams

• A submitted manuscript is the version of the article upon submission and before peer-review. There can be important differences between the submitted version and the official published version of record. People interested in the research are advised to contact the author for the final version of the publication, or visit the DOI to the publisher's website. • The final author version and the galley proof are versions of the publication after peer review. • The final published version features the final layout of the paper including the volume, issue and page numbers.
Genetic variation of innate immune receptor genes in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

Unless another licence is stated on the immediately following page this work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International licence. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ You are free to copy, distribute and transmit the work Under the following conditions:  Attribution: You must attribute the work in the manner specified by the author (but not in any way that suggests that they endorse you or your use of the work).  Non Commercial: You may not use this work for commercial purposes.  No Derivative Works You may not alter, transform, or build upon this work.
Consumption Over the Life Cycle: Some Facts from Consumer Expenditure Survey Data

This paper uses a seminonparametric model and Consumer Expenditure Survey data to estimate life cycle profiles of consumption, controlling for demographics, cohort and time effects. In addition to documenting profiles for total and nondurable consumption, we devote special attention to the age expenditure pattern for consumer durables. We find hump-shaped paths over the life cycle for total, for nondurable and for durable expenditures. Changes in household size account for roughly half of these humps. The other half remains unaccounted for by the standard complete markets life cycle model. Our results imply that households do not smooth consumption over their lifetimes. This is especially true for services from consumer durables. Bootstrap simulations suggest that our empirical estimates are tight and sensitivity analysis indicates that the computed profiles are robust to a large number of different specifications.
Coastal habitat use by ringed seals Pusa hispida following a regional sea-ice collapse: importance of glacial refugia in a changing Arctic

: Declines in Arctic sea ice are predicted to have large consequences for Arctic marine mammals. To study the consequences of a sudden collapse in sea ice in 2006 within Svalbard (Nor-way), 38 ringed seals Pusa hispida were equipped with Satellite Relay Data Loggers in the period 2010−2012; the behaviour of these seals was then compared with data collected during deploy-ments of similar equipment on 22 ringed seals in 2002−2003, prior to the sea-ice collapse. In the present study, statistical models were used to investigate whether the altered sea-ice regime mod-ified movement patterns or foraging behaviour in coastal areas. All seals in these areas concentrated their time close to tidal glacier fronts. However, seasonally resident individuals (immature seals) spent less time close to glacier fronts when in the fjords, than year-round coastal residents (mature seals), likely due to competitive exclusion of the younger animals in these key feeding and resting habitats. Movements and space use became restricted in winter due to formation of land-fast ice. This spatial restriction was delayed and less extreme in 2010−2012, consistent with the late formation and limited extent of land-fast ice in this period. Ringed seals in 2010−2012 also made longer dives, surface intervals between dives were shorter, and increased proportions of the dives were spent descending, with decreased proportions of time at the bottom of dives compared to 2002−2003, indicating increased foraging effort. Further sea-ice deterioration and retreat of glacier fronts are predicted for Svalbard, which are likely to increase intraspecific competition and affect ringed seal distribution, reproductive success and abundance.
Use of Exogenous Fibrolytic Enzymes to Improve Feed Utilization by Ruminants

Research has demonstrated that supplementing dairy cow and feedlot cattle diets with fiberdegrading enzymes has significant potential to improve feed utilization and animal performance. Ruminant feed enzyme additives, primarily xylanases and cellulases, are concentrated extracts resulting from bacterial or fungal fermentations that have specific enzymatic activities. Improvements in animal performance due to the use of enzyme additives can be attributed mainly to improvements in ruminal fiber digestion resulting in increased digestible energy intake. Animal responses are greatest when fiber digestion is compromised and when energy is the first-limiting nutrient in the diet. When viewed across a variety of enzyme products and experimental conditions, the response to feed enzymes by ruminants has been variable. This variation can be attributed to experimental conditions in which energy is not the limiting nutrient, as well as to the activities and characteristics of the enzymes supplied, underor over-supplementation of enzyme activity, and inappro
Sinkholes and the Engineering and Environmental Impacts of Karst

Proceedings of the Ninth Multidisciplinary Conference on Sinkholes and the Engineering and Environmental Impacts of Karst, held in Huntsville, Alabama, September 6-10, 2003. Sponsored by the Geo-Institute of ASCE: the National Ground Water Association; P.E. LaMoreaux and Associates, Inc. This Geotechnical Special Publication contains 67 papers on karst terrain, which presents unique engineering and environmental problems. The top rock is highly irregular and the rock itself is often riddled with voids, creating unreliable foundation conditions. Precipitation drains down the rock rather than running off over the surface and erodes the surficial sediments downward, causing sinkhole collapse and ground settlement. Groundwater moves rapidly through dissolved drainage channels in the rock resulting in a turbulent flow, which allows pollutants to be transported great distances very quickly. Traditional groundwater quality monitoring systems as required by many regulations are inapplicable in karst terrains and may fail to detect contaminants. The unique set of problems requires new and innovative techniques developed by engineers and scientists from all over North America, Europe, Asia, and the Middle East.
Flood Action Plans - Making Loss Reduction More Effective in the Commercial Sector

Warning systems frequently fail to produce maximum potential benefits. Research results from the Kempsey, 2001 flood suggest businesses responded poorly to warnings because of low flood preparedness. Flood action plans could overcome this problem. If comprehensive flood action plans had been developed before the flooding of Kempsey in 2001, damage could have been reduced by an estimated 80 per cent. However, research into the development of flood action plans in lnverell, Lismore and Adelaide has shown that plans are often poorly developed and that further flood education is needed to improve their development.
Growth and Physiological Responses of Quinoa to Drought and Temperature Stress

Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.), traditionally called the mother of grains, has the potential to grow under high temperatures and drought, tolerating levels regarded as stresses in other crop species. A pot experiment was conducted in a climate chamber to investigate the potential of quinoa tolerance to increasing drought and temperature. Quinoa plants were subjected to three irrigation and two temperature regimes. At low temperature, the day/night climate chamber temperature was maintained at 18/8 °C and 25/20 °C for high temperature throughout the treatment period. The irrigation treatments were full irrigation (FI), deficit irrigation (DI) and alternate root-zone drying (ARD). FI plants were irrigated daily to the level of the pot's water-holding capacity. In DI and ARD, 70 % water of FI was applied either to the whole pot or to one side of the pot alternating, respectively. The results indicated that plant height and shoot dry weight significantly decreased by ARD and DI compared to FI treatment both at low and at high temperatures. However, plants in ARD treatment showed significantly higher plant height and shoot dry weight compared to DI especially at higher temperature, which is linked to increased xylem ion content. Higher quinoa plant growth in ARD was associated with increase in water-use efficiency (WUEi) due to higher abscisic acid concentration and higher nutrient contents compared to DI. From results, it can be concluded that quinoa plant growth is favoured by high temperature (25/20 °C) and ARD is an effective irrigation strategy to increase WUE in drought prone areas.