Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Corrigendum: AN EVALUATION OF NON‐ITERATIVE METHODS FOR ESTIMATING THE LINEAR‐BY‐LINEAR PARAMETER OF ORDINAL LOG‐LINEAR MODELS

Summary Parameter estimation for association and log-linear models is an important aspect of the analysis of cross-classified categorical data. Classically, iterative procedures, including Newton's method and iterative scaling, have typically been used to calculate the maximum likelihood estimates of these parameters. An important special case occurs when the categorical variables are ordinal and this has received a considerable amount of attention for more than 20 years. This is because models for such cases involve the estimation of a parameter that quantifies the linear-by-linear association and is directly linked with the natural logarithm of the common odds ratio. The past five years has seen the development of non-iterative procedures for estimating the linear-by-linear parameter for ordinal log-linear models. Such procedures have been shown to lead to numerically equivalent estimates when compared with iterative, maximum likelihood estimates. Such procedures also enable the researcher to avoid some of the computational difficulties that commonly arise with iterative algorithms. This paper investigates and evaluates the performance of three non-iterative procedures for estimating this parameter by considering 14 contingency tables that have appeared in the statistical and allied literature. The estimation of the standard error of the association parameter is also considered.
Generation of misfit dislocations and stacking faults in supercritical thickness strained-Si∕SiGe heterostructures

Defects in the supercritical thickness strained-Si layer grown on a fully relaxed SiGe buffer layer were investigated by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The AFM observation of chemically etched surfaces showed that etch pits having a crosshatch pattern due to misfit dislocations decrease and segments and deep valley profiles increase with an increase in the strain energy of the Si. We found that the segment corresponds to an extended dislocation, of which a 30° partial is in the strained-Si layer and a 90° partial is in the SiGe layer, and the deep valley corresponds to a stacking fault found by a high-resolution TEM observation. A model of the generation of the stacking fault related to development of the misfit dislocation is also discussed here.
Evaluation of antenna Q

A method is presented for evaluating the Q of an antenna, where the Q is defined as in conventional network theory. The method consists of subtracting the energy density associated with the power flow from the total energy density, thus enabling the magnetic and electric reactive energy to be computed. Specific application of the method is made to the evaluation of the Q of spherical and cylindrical modes. It is verified that the Q becomes very large when the order of the mode exceeds k_{0}a where a is the radius of the sphere or cylinder on which the sources are located.
A Framework for Skew-Probit Links in Binary Regression

We review several asymmetrical links for binary regression models and present a unified approach for two skew-probit links proposed in the literature. Moreover, under skew-probit link, conditions for the existence of the ML estimators and the posterior distribution under improper priors are established. The framework proposed here considers two sets of latent variables which are helpful to implement the Bayesian MCMC approach. A simulation study to criteria for models comparison is conducted and two applications are made. Using different Bayesian criteria we show that, for these data sets, the skew-probit links are better than alternative links proposed in the literature.
On Isotropic Extension of Anisotropic Tensor Functions

The present paper indicates that through some simple vector-valved and 2nd-order-tensor-valued invariant tensor functions anisotropic functions can be extended to isotropic functions merely with vectors and 2nd-order tensors as extended variables. This result enables us to obtain representations of anisotropic functions using the much well-known representations of isotropic functions. The thirty-two crystal classes and almost all noncrystal classes are considered. Die vorliegende Arbeit zeigt auf, das durch einige einfache vektor-wertige und tensor-zweiter-ordnung-wertige invariante Tensor-Funktionen anisotrope Funktionen auf isotrope Funktionen ausgedehnt werden konnen mit nurmehr Vektoren und Tensoren zweiter Ordnung als erweiterte Variable. Dieses Ergebnis versetzt uns in die Lage, Darstellungen anisotroper Funktionen zu erhalten unter Anwendung der sehr bekannten Darstellungen isotroper Funktionen. Zie zweiunddreisig Kristallklassen und fast alle Nichtkristallklassen werden betrachtet.
Identification of Surface Wind Patterns over the Ross Ice Shelf, Antarctica, Using Self-Organizing Maps

AbstractThe interaction of synoptic and mesoscale circulations with the steep topography surrounding the Ross Ice Shelf, Antarctica, greatly influences the wind patterns in the region of the Ross Ice Shelf. The topography provides forcing for features such as katabatic winds, barrier winds, and barrier wind corner jets. The combination of topographic forcing and synoptic and mesoscale forcing from cyclones that traverse the Ross Ice Shelf sector create a region of strong but varying winds. This paper identifies the dominant surface wind patterns over the Ross Ice Shelf using output from the Weather Research and Forecasting Model run within the Antarctic Mesoscale Prediction System and the method of self-organizing maps (SOM). The dataset has 15-km grid spacing and is the first study to identify the dominant surface wind patterns using data at this resolution. The analysis shows that the Ross Ice Shelf airstream, a dominant stream of air flowing northward from the interior of the continent over the western.
The Giant Branch of the Globular Cluster NGC3201

Infrared photometry has been obtained for 26 stars in the field of the globular cluster NGC 3201. For 14 of these stars, optical spectra have been obtained. These observations show that the giant branch of this cluster possesses an intrinsic width of 0.13 mag ( +- 1 sigma) in (V-K)/sub 0/. We concluded however, that variable reddening across the cluster with sigma(E(B-V)) = 0.023 is the most likely explanation of this result. In particular, the observed intrinsic width cannot be due to a range in heavy metal abundance, since there is no star-to-star scatter in the strengths of various strong metal lines.
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN WALL PRESSURE FLUCTUATIONS AND STREAMWISE VORTICITY IN A TURBULENT BOUNDARY LAYER

A direct numerical simulation is performed to examine the relationship between wall pressure fluctuations and near-wall streamwise vortices in a spatially developing turbulent boundary layer. It is found that wall pressure fluctuations are closely linked with the upstream quasistreamwise vortices in the buffer region. The maximum correlation occurs with the spanwise displacement from the location of wall pressure fluctuations. The space–time correlation reveals that wall pressure fluctuations lag behind streamwise vorticity in the upstream, while streamwise vorticity lag behind wall pressure fluctuations in the downstream. The contributions of high-amplitude wall pressure event to the turbulent energy production mechanism are examined by the quadrant analysis of Reynolds shear stress.
High Rotation Number Effects on Heat Transfer in a Rectangular (AR=2:1) Two-Pass Channel

This paper experimentally investigated the rotational effects on heat transfer in a smooth two-pass rectangular channel (AR=2: 1), which is applicable to the cooling passages in the midportion of the gas turbine blade. The test channel has radially outward flow in the first passage and radially inward flow in the second passage after a 180 deg sharp turn. In the first passage, the flow is developing and heat transfer is increased compared with the fully developed case. Rotation slightly reduces the heat transfer on the leading surface and increases heat transfer on the trailing surface in the first pass. Heat transfer is highly increased by rotation in the turn portion of the first pass on both leading and trailing surfaces. Rotation increased heat transfer enhancement in the tip region up to a maximum Nu ratio (Nu/Nu s ) of 1.83. In the second passage, under rotating conditions, the leading surface experienced heat transfer enhancements above the stationary case while the trailing surface decreased. The current study has more than four times the range of the rotation number previously achieved for the 2:1 aspect ratio channel. The increased range of the rotation number and buoyancy parameter reached in this study are 0―0.45 and 0―0.8, respectively. The higher rotation number and buoyancy parameter have been correlated very well to predict the rotational heat transfer in the two-pass, 2:1 aspect ratio flow channel.
Turbulence and skin friction modification in channel flow with streamwise-aligned superhydrophobic surface texture

Direct numerical simulations of turbulent flow in a channel with superhydrophobic surfaces (SHS) were performed, and the effects of the surface texture on the turbulence and skin-friction coefficient were examined. The SHS is modeled as a planar boundary comprised of spanwise-alternating regions of no-slip and free-slip boundary conditions. Relative to the reference no-slip channel flow at the same bulk Reynolds number, the overall mean skin-friction coefficient is reduced by 21.6%. A detailed analysis of the turbulence kinetic energy budget demonstrates a reduction in production over the no-slip phases, which is explained by aid of quadrant analysis of the Reynolds shear stresses and statistical analysis of the turbulence structures. The results demonstrate a significant reduction in the strength of streamwise vortical structures in the presence of the SHS texture and a decrease in the Reynolds shear-stress component ⟨R12⟩ which has a favorable influence on drag over the no-slip phases. A secondary flow .
Photorefractive filament array formed in PDMs by fs pulse laser

We demonstrated experimentally the formation of the photorefractive filament array in PDMs by a femtosecond pulse laser. Using an optical microscopy and a fast CCD camera, we recorded the formation processes. The results showed that, by special design of the femtosecond laser parameters and the optical configurations, filaments can be placed in an orderly 1D or 2D arrangement array, and be reflected. Based on these observations, we have established a theoretical model to simulate the filaments.
Temperature evolution of the relaxor dynamics in Pb ( Zn 1 ∕ 3 Nb 2 ∕ 3 ) O 3 : A critical Raman analysis

At the heart of the relaxor behavior lies the development of mesoscopic or intermediate range order and the low frequency or relaxation dynamics associated with it. To investigate this development, we have measured the Raman spectra of a $\mathrm{Pb}({\mathrm{Zn}}_{1∕3}{\mathrm{Nb}}_{2∕3}){\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ (PZN) single crystal over a wide temperature range from $1000\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{K}\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\text{to}\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}150\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{K}$. The spectra are analyzed using several different physical models, focusing particularly on the low frequency part. Both relaxation and coupled phonon dynamics are identified. The evolution of the relaxor dynamics is marked by three characteristic temperatures, Burns temperature, ${T}_{B}\ensuremath{\simeq}650\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{K}$, and two other temperatures, ${T}_{d}\ensuremath{\simeq}470\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{K}$ and ${T}_{f}\ensuremath{\simeq}340\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{K}$, which together define four major ranges. Combining the fitting results from the Raman spectra and other experimental results in PZN, we describe the relaxor dynamics in these four ranges, in terms of the strength and lifetime of the correlations between off-center ions. Relating the dynamics observed in PZN to that in $\mathrm{K}{\mathrm{Ta}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}{\mathrm{Nb}}_{x}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ (KTN), we develop a microscopic model based on the coexistence of a fast and a slow motion of the off-center Pb and Nb ions which accounts for both types of dynamics (coupled phonon and relaxational) between ${T}_{B}$ and ${T}_{f}$, and show evidence for a series of local phase transitions taking place below ${T}_{d}$.
Axisymmetric stationary flows in compact astrophysical objects

A review is presented of the analytical results available for a large class of axisymmetric stationary flows in the vicinity of compact astrophysical objects. The determination of the two-dimensional structure of the poloidal magnetic field (hydrodynamic flow field) faces severe difficulties, due to the complexity of the trans-field equation for stationary axisymmetric flows. However, an approach exists which enables direct problems to be solved even within the balance law framework. This possibility arises when an exact solution to the equation is available and flows close to it are investigated. As a result, with the use of simple model problems, the basic features of supersonic flows past real compact objects are determined.
Top transmission grating GaN LED simulations for light extraction improvement

We study the top transmission grating's improvement on GaN LED light extraction efficiency. We use the finite difference time domain (FDTD) method, a computational electromagnetic solution to Maxwell's equations, to measure light extraction efficiency improvements of the various grating structures. Also, since FDTD can freely define materials for any layer or shape, we choose three particular materials to represent our transmission grating: 1) non-lossy p-GaN, 2) lossy indium tin oxide (ITO), and 3) non-lossy ITO (α=0). We define a regular spacing between unit cells in a crystal lattice arrangement by employing the following three parameters: grating cell period (Α), grating cell height (d), and grating cell width (w). The conical grating model and the cylindrical grating model are studied. We also presented in the paper directly comparison with reflection grating results. Both studies show that the top grating has better performance, improving light extraction efficiency by 165%, compared to that of the bottom reflection grating (112%), and top-bottom grating (42%). We also find that when grating cells closely pack together, a transmission grating maximizes light extraction efficiency. This points our research towards a more closely packed structure, such as a 3-fold symmetric photonic crystal structure with triangular symmetry and also smaller feature sizes in the nano-scale, such as the wavelength of light at 460 nm, half-wavelengths, quarter wavelengths, etc.
Numerical study of a regularized barotropic vorticity model of geophysical flow

We study a Crank–Nicolson in time, finite element in space, numerical scheme for a Bardina regularization of the barotropic vorticity (BV) model. We derive the regularized model from the simplified Bardina model in primitive variables, present a numerical algorithm for it, and prove the algorithm is unconditionally stable with respect to the timestep size and optimally convergent in both space and time. Numerical experiments are provided that verify the theoretical convergence rates, and also that test the model/scheme on a benchmark double‐gyre wind forcing experiment. For the latter test, we find the proposed model/scheme gives a good coarse mesh approximation to the highly resolved direct numerical simulation of the BV model, and compares favorably to related regularization model results. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq 31: 1492–1514, 2015
Analytical Solution of Interface Shear Stresses in Externally Bonded FRP-Strengthened Concrete Beams

AbstractThe fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) plate or sheet debonding or cover delamination (concrete cover separation) failure mode in externally strengthened reinforced concrete beams has attracted a lot of attention. In this paper, a closed-form analytical solution is developed to determine the nonlinear shear stress distribution along the laminate interface and cover area for any load stage assuming a perfect bond. Trilinear moment-curvature and moment-extreme compression fiber strain is assumed to realize the analytical results. By differentiating the FRP axial tension force with respect to position along the beam, closed-form derivatives in terms of curvature and extreme compressive fiber strain are obtained. The results show three distinct regions of constant or stepwise linear shear distribution in each. These correspond to the uncracked, postcracked, and postyielded zones of the shear span. The results are shown to yield an exact match to those numerically obtained by dividing the shear spans into .
Nonlinear Brinkman-type law as a critical case in the polymer fluid filtration

Well-known results on the filtration laws for the Newtonian fluids, obtained by the homogenization technique, served as a motivation to derive similar, analogous counterparts for the specific type of a non-Newtonian fluid. We studied a stationary filtration of the polymer fluid (Ostwald-de Waele model) through the periodic porous medium. Dimensions in the periodic domain are controlled by the two small parameters, one representing the period and the other controlling the ratio of a solid region and a fluid region of the porous medium. We found the specific critical size of the obstacles representing the impermeable part for which homogenization of the nonlinear Stokes flow results in the nonlinear Brinkman-type law by means of -convergence.
Optical and H I studies of the gas-rich dwarf irregular galaxy DDO 154

A study of the luminous and dark components of the dwarf irregular galaxy DDO 154 is presented. A scale length of 0.5 kpc and a central surface brightness B(0)v = 23.17 are derived for the stellar disk with mean colors typical of Im galaxies. A distance of 4.0 MPc or less is suggested. DDO 154 is one of the most gas-rich galaxies known with M(H I)/L(B) = 5.4. The H I disk reaches nearly 5 Holmberg diameters. The rotation curve is derived unambiguously out to 15 optical scale lengths. There is a clear flattening of the rotation curve for r more than 4 arcmin and an indication that it may be declining in the very outer parts. The shape of the rotation curve and the fact that it is completely dominated by the dark component for r greater than 2 kpc are used to find M/L(B)(asterisk) = 1.0(M-solar/L-solar) for the stellar disk, a core radius of 3.0 kpc, and a central density of 0.015 solar maass/cu pc for the dark isothermal halo. 40 refs.
An XMM-Newton Search for X-Ray Emission from the Microlensing Event MACHO-96-BLG-5

MACHO-96-BLG-5 was a microlensing event observed toward the bulge of the Galaxy with an exceptionally long duration of ~970 days. The microlensing parallax fit parameters were used to estimate a lens mass M = 6 M☉, corresponding to a distance d in the range 0.5-2 kpc. The upper limit on the absolute brightness for main-sequence stars of the same mass is less than 1 L☉, so the lens is a good black hole candidate. Such a black hole would accrete from the interstellar medium, thereby emitting in the X-ray band. Here we report the analysis of a deep XMM-Newton observation toward the MACHO-96-BLG-5 lens position. Only an upper limit (99.8% confidence level) to the X-ray flux from the lens position, 9.10 × 10-15 to 1.45 × 10-14 ergs cm-2 s-1 in the 0.2-10 keV energy band, is obtained, allowing us to constrain the putative black hole's accretion parameters.
Thermal stability of metal organic vapor phase epitaxy grown AlInN

AlInN layers with a thickness of 100nm were grown by metal organic vapor phase epitaxy on GaN buffer layers on Si(111) substrates. By varying the growth temperature, In and NH3 flows, and reactor pressure, three series with different In contents were produced and thermally treated in the temperature range from 30to960°C. The as grown and annealed layers were investigated by x-ray diffraction in standard and grazing incidence geometry. Nearly lattice matched samples with an indium concentration of 17%–18% show long time stability at annealing temperatures as high as 960°C. At higher temperatures, the onset of severe Ga–Si meltback etching prevents further measurements. Nonlattice matched samples consist of pseudomorphic and relaxed parts. In the latter, a redistribution and loss of indium is observed upon annealing.
Buckling of thin liquid jets

The present work deals with the buckling phenomenon characteristic of highly viscous liquid jets slowly impinging upon a plate. The quasi-one-dimensional equations of the dynamics of thin liquid jets are used as the basis for the theoretical analysis of buckling. With the problem linearized, the characteristic equation is obtained. Its solutions show that instability (buckling) sets in only in the presence of axial compression in the jet, and when the distance between the nozzle exit and the plate exceeds some critical value. The latter is calculated. It is shown that buckling instability corresponds to the rectilinear jet/folding jet bifurcation point. The value of the folding frequency is calculated at the onset of buckling. The theoretical results are compared with Cruickshank & Munson's (1981) and Cruickshank's (1988) experimental data and the agreement is fairly good.
A numerical,and experimental investigation of the slot film-cooling jet with various angles

Numerical simulations coupled with laser Doppler velocimetry (LDV) experiments were carried out to investigate a slot jet issued into a cross flow, which is relevant in the film cooling of gas turbine combustors. The film-cooling fluid injection from slots or holes into a cross flow produces highly complicated flow,fields. In this paper, the time-averaged Navier-Stokes equations were solved on a collocated body-fitted grid system with the shear stress transport k-omega, V2F k-epsilon, and stress-omega turbulence models. The fluid flow and turbulent Reynolds stress fields were compared to the LDV experiments for three jet angles, namely, 30, 60, and 90 deg, and the jet blowing ratio is ranging from 2 to 9. Good agreement was obtained. Therefore, the present solution procedure was also adopted to calculations of 15 and 40 deg jets. In addition, the temperature fields were computed with a simple eddy diffusivity model to obtain the film-cooling effectiveness, which, in turn, was used for evaluation of the various jet cross-flow arrangements. The results show that a recirculation bubble downstream of the jet exists for jet angles larger than 40 deg, but it vanishes when the angle is < 30 deg, which is in good accordance with the experiments. The blowing ratio has a large effect on the size of the recirculation bubble and, consequently, on the film cooling effectiveness. In addition, the influence of boundary conditions for the jet and cross flow are also addressed in the paper. (Less)
On the frames of spaces of finite-dimensional Lie algebras of dimension at most 6

In this paper, the frames of spaces of complex -dimensional Lie algebras (that is, the intersections of all irreducible components of these spaces) are studied. A complete description of the frames and their projectivizations for is given. It is also proved that for the projectivizations of these spaces are simply connected. Bibliography: 7 titles.