Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
ENSO Influence on Rainy Season Precipitation over the Yangtze River Basin

The paper explores the impact of El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) on rainy season precipitation properties over the Yangtze River Basin. The multi-scale moving t-test was used to determine the onset and withdrawal of the rainy season. Results showed the following: (1) Onset and withdrawal of the averaged rainy season over the Yangtze River Basin showed a similar distribution and both progressed northwards and westwards. There is a trend for delayed onset of rainy season precipitation over the Yangtze River Basin. A similar trend in the withdrawal of rainy season precipitation was not found. (2) The decaying Central and Eastern Pacific Warming are indicative of wet signals in the Yangtze River Basin, with precipitation anomalies up to 25% above normal. The decaying Eastern Pacific Cooling and developing Eastern Pacific Warming are indicative of dry signals over the Yangtze River Basin, with 5–20% lower than average precipitation (3) ENSO Modoki in the developing phase is more important than the developing ENSO when it comes to present wetter or drier signals. Conversely, the decaying ENSO shows more prominent wet or dry signals than the decaying ENSO Modoki.
Developing a satellite-based combined drought indicator to monitor agricultural drought: a case study for Ethiopia

Developing a robust drought monitoring tool is vital to mitigate the adverse impacts of drought. A drought monitoring system that integrates multiple agrometeorological variables into a single drought indicator is lacking in areas such as Ethiopia, which is extremely susceptible to this natural hazard. The overarching goal of this study is to develop a combined drought indicator (CDI-E) to monitor the spatial and temporal extents of historic agricultural drought events in Ethiopia. The CDI-E was developed by combining four satellite-based agrometeorological input parameters – the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI), Land Surface Temperature (LST) anomaly, Standardized Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (stdNDVI) and Soil Moisture (SM) anomaly – for the period from 2001 to 2015. The method used to combine these indices is based on a quantitative approach that assigns a weight to each input parameter using Principal Component Analysis (PCA). The CDI-E results were evaluated using satellite-based gridded rainfall (3-month SPI) and crop yield data for 36 intra-country crop growing zones for a 15-year period (2001 to 2015). The evaluation was carried out for the main rainfall season, Kiremt (June-September), and the short rainfall season, Belg (February-May). The results showed that moderate to severe droughts were detected by the CDI-E across the food insecure regions reported by FEWS NET during Kiremt and Belg rainfall seasons. Relatively higher correlation coefficient values (r > 0.65) were obtained when CDI-E was compared with the 3-month SPI across the majority of Ethiopia. The spatial correlation analyses of CDI-E and cereal crop yields showed relatively good correlations (r > 0.5) in some of the crop growing zones in the northern, eastern and southwestern parts of the country. The CDI-E generally mapped the spatial and temporal patterns of historic drought and non-drought years and hence the CDI-E could potentially be used to develop an agricultural drought monitoring and early warning system in Ethiopia. Moreover, decision makers and donors may potentially use CDI-E to more accurately monitor crop yields across the food-insecure regions in Ethiopia.
TPACK in Practice: EFL Pre-service Teachers on Integrating Technology during Online Teaching in Thailand

Before the COVID-19 Pandemic, teaching activities were usually done directly at school, now it had to be done virtually. It also impacts teachers and students, who must use technology during learning activities to get maximum results. Likewise, pre-service teachers who carry out teaching activities in Thailand must choose the appropriate technology for them as a learning medium. Therefore, this study explores how EFL pre-service teachers integrate technology for online learning activities and their views on students when integrating technology during teaching-learning activities. The qualitative case study was used in this research, using observation, interviews, and document analysis as the instrument to collect data. Two students in the 5th semester from the English department participated in an internship held from June to March 2021. The results are participants have recognized and used various kinds of technology that are usually used in learning activities. The use of videos, and PowerPoint are the most frequently used by participants because of the ease of use, which impact students’ understanding positively on the material being taught and become more active in class. Moreover, the various technologies used in teaching and learning activities can make it easier for teachers to find and deliver learning materials.
The enthusiast, the interested, the sceptic & the cynic: understanding user experience & perceived value in location-based cultural heritage games through qualitative and sentiment analysis

We discuss the user study of a mobile cultural heritage game, designed to stimulate reflection about a city’s history. Aided by location-aware technology, the game fosters the serendipitous discovery of Points-Of-Interest, historical images and stories, whilst players wander the city. This exploration differs from the typical pre-calculated path recommendations used by other location-based applications. It triggers reflection about the city’s past that is as unique as its visitors. Ours is one of the first studies to attempt an understanding of the effects of serendipitous urban discovery and historic reflection-triggering technologies on user experience. We combined field trials with controlled experiments, analysing perceptions of the experience and value using responses expressed in open-ended questionnaire items. Using thematic coding and sentiment analysis, we observed types of emotional responses, indicating four potential profiles of their likelihood towards future technology adoption. Enthusiastic and Interested users appreciated the freedom of movement choice that created an autonomous experience that fostered a sense of personal accomplishment. The interface interactions of the game, designed to stimulate reflection, supported a feeling of connectedness to others. In contrast, Cynical and Sceptical users were less tolerant of perceived technological issues, and required more perfection in functionality and design. These users are less likely to be the early adopters of serendipitous location-based apps. The game was developed as part of a large cultural informatics project, but unlike typical evaluations, we conducted this study midway through the project and not at its end. This approach (1) gave the team the possibility to take stock, pause and reflect and (2) provided insight on future design improvements for increasing the perceived value of serendipitous urban discovery applications. Our results contribute towards a grounded understanding of user experience, and help progress the development of cultural heritage applications that incorporate elements of reflection and/or place-based exploration into their functionalities. 1
Acquisition of Morpho-Phonology: the Dutch voicing alternation

This dissertation investigates how and when the Dutch voicing alternation is acquired. In Dutch, final neutralisation of the voice contrast (or ‘final devoicing’) leads to alternations in singular - plural pairs such as bed ~ bedden ‘bed(s)’. In such pairs, the singular always ends in a voiceless obstruent, whereas the plural contains a voiced obstruent. Knowledge of voicing alternations can only be acquired on the basis of the alternating plural form, which needs to be related to the neutralised singular. The acquisition of the voicing alternation was investigated using corpus data (based on CELEX and CHILDES) as well as experimental evidence. Experiments consisted of elicitation of both plurals and singulars for words and non-words, to investigate children’s productive knowledge of the alternation. The research was aimed at testing predictions of rule- and constraint-based models on the one hand and analogical or usage-based models on the other. Results show that the alternation is acquired relatively late, as children produce errors well after the age of six. The pattern further shows limited productivity, as it is not often extended to non-words. It is argued that the results are interpreted most adequately in a usage-based model such as Bybee’s network model, in which frequency-based generalisations or ‘schemas’ arise over stored words in the lexicon. This dissertation is of relevance to researchers in the fields of phonology, morphology, psycholinguistics and language acquisition.
Elemental (C/N Ratios) Isotope Compositions (δ13CTOC and δ15NTN) of Surface Sediments from the Barrier Islands in the Nakdong River Estuary, South Korea

ABSTRACT Lee, J.-H. ; Jeong, K. -S. ; Lee, D. -H. ; Park, K.S. , and Woo, H.J., 2018. Elemental (C/N Ratios) Isotope compositions (δ13CTOC and δ15NTN) of surface sediments from the barrier islands in the Nakdong river estuary, South Korea. In: Shim, J.-S. ; Chun, I. , and Lim, H.S. (eds.), Proceedings from the International Coastal Symposium (ICS) 2018 (Busan, Republic of Korea). Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 85, pp. 36–40. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208. The Nakdong River Estuary (NRE) in South Korea is a typical, artificially manipulated estuary that is blocked by two large dams. The estuary is characterized by a barrier-lagoon system with various subenvironments and a microtidal domain with a mean tidal range of 1.07–1.50 m. The stable isotopic values (δ13CTOC and δ15NTN) and elemental (C/N ratios) compositions of organic matter, including those of halophytes, from the barrier islands were investigated in the NRE. In May (n = 94) and August (n = 90) 2015, sediment samples were collected on and around three islands in the NRE. The mean grain size of the barrier island system in the NRE ranged from 1.1 to 8.9 Φ (average 3.9 Φ) and the sediment types included muddy sand, sandy mud, and mud. The relative low C/N ratios (average 5.88) imply that the deposited organic matter originated from autochthonous algae derived-sources. The δ13CTOC ranged from −28.2 to −16.8‰VPDB (average −22.5‰VPDB), with δ15NTN in the range 6.2–12.5‰AIR (average 9.4‰AIR). Two halophytes (Phragmites communis and Scirpus planiculmis) had δ13CTOC values that ranged from −29.0 to −25.3‰VPDB (average −26.5‰VPDB) at ES-R and ES-5. The isotope and elemental composition of sedimentary organic matter (δ13CTOC and δ15NTN) indicated the deposition of algae-derived organic matter with limited input from terrestrial organic matter. These results suggest that the microphytobenthos contribution was greater than the inflow of surrounding land vegetation and sediments to the north of the barrier islands had a marine origin. To the south, the effect was considered mixed. Further studies should determine the effects of end-member discrimination on the origins of the organic matter, such as the advance signature proxy. It is necessary to continue measuring sediments and water in the brackish water zone around the barrier system with on-site monitoring of dam discharge, tidal currents, waves, and, etc.
ENABLING COLLABORATIVE GEOINFORMATION ACCESS AND DECISION-MAKING THROUGH A NATURAL , MULTIMODAL INTERFACE

Current computing systems do not support human work effectively. They restrict human-computer interaction to one mode at a time and are designed with an assumption that use will be by individuals (rather than groups), directing (rather than interacting with) the system. To support the ways in which humans work and interact, a new paradigm for computing is required that is multimodal, rather than unimodal, collaborative, rather than personal, and dialogue-enabled, rather than unidirectional. To address this challenge, we have developed an approach to natural, multimodal, multiuser dialogue-enabled interfaces to geographic information systems that make use of largescreen displays and integrated speech-gesture interaction. After outlining our goals and providing a brief overview of relevant literature, we introduce the Dialogue-Assisted Visual Environment for Geoinformation (DAVE_G). DAVE_G is being developed using a human-centered systems approach that contextualizes development and assessment in the current practice of potential users. In keeping with this human-centered approach, we outline a user task analysis and associated scenario development that implementation is designed to support (grounded in the context of emergency response), review our own precursors to the current prototype system and discuss how the current prototype extends upon past work, provide a detailed description of the architecture that underlies the current system, and introduce the approach implemented for enabling mixed-initiative human-computer dialogue. We conclude with discussion of goals for future research. Dialogue-Assisted Visual Environment for Geoinformation 3
Governance and Public Service Delivery in Nigeria : The Role of Information and Communication technologies CUCEN 2017

Governments all over the world, Nigeria inclusive desire ways to provide welfare services to citizens with fewer resources, enhance transparency and accountability of public servants. As a result, the goals of the public service in terms of enhanced service delivery come to mind. This is because it serves as the major machinery through which governmental policies are implemented. However, the public service in Nigeria has witnessed widespread criticism as it pertains to the way and manner in which services are delivered. The inability of the public service to achieve its goals has necessitated the call for reform in the public service. In this regard, e-governance seems to be the probable solution. This paper adopts the ex-post-facto research design and found that there are several barriers arising from the adoption of the usual traditional public administrative system standing against the implementation of e-governance in the public service that would have metamorphosed into better service delivery. It is in line with the above findings that the paper argues that public service delivery could be better achieved through e-governance implementation in Nigeria.
SBFL: Leveraging State Profiling to Enhance Spectrum-based Fault Localization

Researchers have used various profile elements to enable spectrum-based fault localization (SBFL), including functions, statements, and branches. Such structural profile elements might not always discriminate failing runs from passing runs, which negatively impacts the effectiveness of SBFL. This motivated us to investigate non-structural profile elements that capture program state information. This paper presents SBFL, an approach that leverages state profiling to enhance SBFL. When computing the SBFL suspiciousness score of a given program statement, SBFL takes into consideration the execution path behavior of the program as well as its memory behavior. This is achieved by incorporating information extracted from both structural profiles and state profiles. We evaluated SBFL using the Defects4J benchmark and a comprehensive list of 54 SBFL suspiciousness metrics. Our results supported our claim that SBFL is more effective than SBFL with statistical significance. Also, among the 108 metric/approach configurations, tournament ranking showed that the top 30 performers involved SBFL. Finally, considering 5 popular metrics, tournament ranking also showed SBFL as the top performer. Keywords— execution profiles, state profiles, structural profiles, spectrum-based fault localization, coverage-based fault localization
Unprecedented cloud resolution in a GPU-enabled full-physics atmospheric climate simulation on OLCF’s summit supercomputer

Clouds represent a key uncertainty in future climate projection. While explicit cloud resolution remains beyond our computational grasp for global climate, we can incorporate important cloud effects through a computational middle ground called the Multi-scale Modeling Framework (MMF), also known as Super Parameterization. This algorithmic approach embeds high-resolution Cloud Resolving Models (CRMs) to represent moist convective processes within each grid column in a Global Climate Model (GCM). The MMF code requires no parallel data transfers and provides a self-contained target for acceleration. This study investigates the performance of the Energy Exascale Earth System Model-MMF (E3SM-MMF) code on the OLCF Summit supercomputer at an unprecedented scale of simulation. Hundreds of kernels in the roughly 10K lines of code in the E3SM-MMF CRM were ported to GPUs with OpenACC directives. A high-resolution benchmark using 4600 nodes on Summit demonstrates the computational capability of the GPU-enabled E3SM-MMF code in a full physics climate simulation.
Reassessing the Role of the Indo‐Pacific in the Ocean's Global Overturning Circulation

Surface buoyancy fluxes in the Southern and North Atlantic Oceans are presumed to disproportionately influence the ocean's residual global overturning circulation (GOC) with respect to those in the Indo‐Pacific. Here, this assumption is challenged through an assessment of global buoyancy transport in the Community Earth System Model 1.0, which reveals that the steady state GOC is equally constrained by surface buoyancy flux everywhere. Further, an unacknowledged aspect of the GOC is demonstrated: it transports buoyancy from where it is gained at the surface, predominately in the Indo‐Pacific, to where it is lost, predominately in the Atlantic and Southern Oceans. This global buoyancy transport requires zonal structure in the GOC, linking the Atlantic and Indo‐Pacific within the Southern Ocean, asymmetry and interbasin coupling absent from many conceptual descriptions of overturning dynamics. These results compel a more nuanced appreciation for an Indo‐Pacific influence in GOC evolution.
Ion Escape From Mars Through Time: An Extrapolation of Atmospheric Loss Based on 10 Years of Mars Express Measurements

Solar wind‐driven atmospheric ion escape has long been hypothesized as a major influence on the evolution of the Martian atmosphere due to the lack of a Martian global dipole magnetic field. We use 10 years (2007–2017) of Mars Express data to quantify the ion escape rate over the fully sampled parameter space of upstream solar wind dynamic pressure, pdyn, and solar photoionizing flux, FXUV. The modeled dependence on the upstream parameters indicates a near‐linear dependence on FXUV and weak negative correlation with pdyn. Integrating total heavy ion escape back through time, considering the evolution of the upstream parameters and the modeled trends, can only account for an estimated 4.8 ± 1.1 mbar of atmosphere lost as ions since the middle to late Hesperian (∼3.3 Ga ago). Accounting for the recently reported stability of ion escape through the energetic oxygen ion plume provides an upper estimate of ∼6 mbar lost. Extending the extrapolation to the late Noachian (3.9 Ga ago) accounts for 6.3 ± 1.9 mbar, and analogously up to ∼9 mbar, lost through ion escape since that time. Thus, the ion escape trends observed by Mars Express indicate that atmospheric ion escape contributed only a minor role in the evolution of the Martian atmosphere. We also report solar wind control of the cold ion outflow channel, providing a tentative explanation for the low response of the ion escape rate to upstream solar wind.
AIS Electronic

A notable change in consumer financial services over the past few years in China has been the growth of the use of Internet consumer credit. Internet-based consumption loan is the outcome of financial innovation and it allows individuals to shop online through the model of “buy now, pay later”. To explore factors affecting users’ intentions, this study applies trust theory and value anticipation to explain why people intend to use Internet consumer credit platform. According to existing online trust model, the factors in this study are categorized into three dimensions: personality-based, affect-based and platform-based. This study suggests that face wants, risk aversion, subjective norm, number of members, perceived authority, perceived privacy protection, perceived alternative cost, value anticipation and trust together provide a strong explanation for use intention in Internet credit consumption. The results of this research provided a theoretical foundation for future academic studies as well as practical guidance for rapid development of Internet consumer credit platform
THE USE OF CARBON AND OXYGEN STABLE ISOTOPES IN THE STUDY OF GLOBAL PALAEOCEANOGRAPHIC CHANGES: EXAMPLES FROM THE CRETACEOUS SEDIMENT ROCKS OF WESTERN GREECE

In the present paper we examine the use of carbon and oxygen stable isotopes in the study of global palaeoceanographic changes, with special reference to the oceanic anoxic events (OAEs). The analysis of stable isotopes was applied to the examination of Cretaceous sediments from the Ionian and Pindos zones of Western Greece. In the Ionian zone the carbon and oxygen stable isotopes, combined with biostratigraphic data, record the palaeoenvironmental change corresponding to the anoxic events Bonarelli (Cenomanian/Turonian, OAE2) and Paquier (Lower Albian, OAE1b). In the Pindos zone, within the Cretaceous sediments, we observed two organic-carbon-rich levels. According to the biostratigraphic and isotopie analysis, the first level corresponds to an OAE of Santonian age. This local oceanic anoxic event is described for the first time. The second level, Aptian - Albian age, possibly correlates to either the Paquier event (OAE 1b) or the Selli event (OAE 1a), which in Greece were until now known only in the Ionian zone.
ODINFS: Scaling PM Performance with Opportunistic Delegation

Existing file systems for persistent memory (PM) exploit its byte-addressable non-volatile access with low latency and high bandwidth. However, they do not utilize two unique PM properties effectively. The first one is contention awareness, i . e . , a small number of threads cannot thoroughly saturate the PM bandwidth, while many concurrent accesses lead to significant PM performance degradation. The second one is NUMA awareness, i . e . , exploiting the remote PM efficiently, as accessing remote PM naively leads to significant performance degradation. We present Odinfs, a NUMA-aware scalable datapath PM file system that addresses these two challenges using a novel opportunistic delegation scheme. Under this scheme, Odinfs decouples the PM accesses from application threads with the help of background threads that access PM on behalf of the application. Because of PM access decoupling, Odinfs automatically parallelizes the access to PM across NUMA nodes in a controlled and localized manner. Our evaluation shows that Odinfs outperforms existing PM file systems up to 32.7 × on real-world workloads.