Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Inequalities in the Evaluation of Male Versus Female Athletes in Sports Medicine Research: A Systematic Review

Background: Female sports participation continues to rise; however, inequalities between male and female athletes still exist in many areas and may extend into medical research. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to (1) compare the number of published studies evaluating male versus female athletes in various sports and (2) identify which co-ed sports currently underrepresent female athletes in the sports medicine literature. Study Design: Systematic review; Level of evidence, 4. Methods: All nonreview research studies published from 2017 to 2021 in 6 top sports medicine journals were considered for inclusion. Sports medicine studies were included that isolated athletes, reported study outcomes specific to male and/or female patients, provided study outcomes for specific sports, and evaluated ≤3 different sports. The total number of studies reporting on male and/or female athletes were compared for all sports, and odds ratios (ORs) were calculated. Comparisons of study design, level of sports participation, outcomes assessed, and study quality were also made according to participant sex. Results: Overall, 669 studies were included the systematic review. Most studies isolated male athletes (70.7%), while 8.8% isolated female athletes and 20.5% included male and female athletes. Female athletes were more frequently studied in softball and volleyball, while male athletes were more commonly researched in baseball, soccer, American football, basketball, rugby, hockey, and Australian football. Notably, male athletes were largely favored in baseball/softball (91% vs 5%; OR = 18.2), rugby (72% vs 5%; OR = 14.4), soccer (65% vs 15%; OR = 4.3), and basketball (58% vs 18%; OR = 3.2). Conclusion: Sports medicine research has favored the evaluation of male athletes in most sports, including the majority of co-ed sports. Potential reasons for this inequality of research evaluation include availability of public data and database data, financial and promotional incentives, a high percentage of male sports medicine clinicians and researchers, and sex biases in sport. While the causes of these differences are multifaceted, researchers should consider both sexes for study inclusion whenever possible, and journals should support a more balanced representation of research publications regarding male and female athletes.
The global dynamic of DNA methylation in response to heat stress revealed epigenetic mechanism of heat acclimation in Saccharina japonica

Saccharina japonica is an ecologically and economically important kelp in cold‐temperate regions. When it is cultivated on a large scale in the temperate and even subtropical zones, heat stress is a frequent abiotic stress. This study is the first attempt to reveal the regulatory mechanism of the response to heat stress from the perspective of DNA methylation in S. japonica. We firstly obtained the characteristics of variation in the methylome under heat stress, and observed that heat stress caused a slight increase in the overall methylation level and methylation rate, especially in the non‐coding regions of the genome. Secondly, we noted that methylation was probably one of factors affecting the expression of genes, and that methylation within the gene body was positively correlated with the gene expression (rho = 0.0784). Moreover, it was found that among the differentially expressed genes regulated by methylation, many genes were related to heat stress response, such as HSP gene family, genes of antioxidant enzymes, genes related to proteasome‐ubiquitination pathway, and plant cell signaling pathways. This study demonstrated that DNA methylation is involved in regulating the response to heat stress, laying a foundation for studying the acclimation and adaptation of S. japonica to heat stress from an epigenetic perspective.
Commentary: Can the vessels help solve the puzzle? Distinguishing high myopes from primary open-angle glaucomas

The mind-bending conundrum Differentiating between a myopic and a glaucomatous disc can be a mind‐bending job, especially in the background of pathological myopia. There have been constant efforts to objectively distinguish between the two, as management of these conditions are poles apart. Fundus imaging is an objective and comparative tool that can aid in the detailed evaluation of the pathological disc. [2] It can highlight prominent and visible pathologies, but an element of subjectivity persists, which can cause inter‐observer variations. [3] Moreover, a decrease in the blood flow at the vascular level, an early pathology in the spectrum of glaucoma, cannot be captured by a fundus photo. Hence, higher‐end methods are necessary to facilitate the same.
Central macular thickness and subfoveal choroidal thickness changes on spectral domain optical coherence tomography after cataract surgery in pediatric population

Purpose: To evaluate the central macular thickness (CMT) and subfoveal choroidal thickness (SFCT) changes on spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) after cataract surgery with intraocular lens (IOL) implantation in a pediatric population. Methods: This was a longitudinal, prospective, interventional study which included 90 pediatric patients who underwent cataract extraction with IOL implantation. Serial SD-OCT scans were done at postoperative day 1, 1-month, and 3-month follow-up. CMT and SFCT were measured at each visit. Results: A statistically significant increase in CMT was noted at 1 month (from 199.3 μm to 210.04 μm) post surgery, which declined over a 3-month period (202.70 μm, P = 0.0001). In case of SFCT, a constant increase was observed for over 3 months of follow-up (baseline: 296.52 μm; 1 month: 309.04 μm; and 3 months: 319.03 μm, P = 0.0001). The traumatic cataract group showed more pronounced changes in CMT and SFCT than the non-traumatic cataract group. No significant difference was observed regarding these parameters between those who underwent primary posterior capsulotomy (PPC) versus those who did not. None of the patients in the study group developed cystoid macular edema. These posterior segment–related anatomical changes did not affect the final visual outcomes. Conclusion: Cataract surgery induces potential inflammatory changes in the macula and choroid in pediatric patients. Such changes are more pronounced in trauma-related cases; however, they are not significant enough to affect the visual outcomes. Similarly, the additional surgical step of PPC does not induce significant anatomical or functional changes.
Tucatinib vs Placebo, Both in Combination With Trastuzumab and Capecitabine, for Previously Treated ERBB2 (HER2)-Positive Metastatic Breast Cancer in Patients With Brain Metastases

Key Points Question Can tucatinib, trastuzumab, and capecitabine provide systemic and intracranial benefit for patients with ERBB2 (HER2)-positive metastatic breast cancer and brain metastases? Findings In this exploratory subgroup analysis of a randomized clinical trial of 612 patients with ERBB2-positive breast cancer, overall survival, intracranial efficacy, and new brain lesion–free survival were evaluated. Tucatinib in combination with trastuzumab and capecitabine prolonged median overall survival by 9.1 months in patients with brain metastases and reduced the risk of developing new brain lesions as sites of first progression or death by 45.1% in all patients. Meaning Findings suggest tucatinib in combination with trastuzumab and capecitabine provides survival benefits and delays development of new brain lesions, representing an important treatment option for patients with ERBB2-positive metastatic breast cancer, including those with brain metastases.
Expression dynamics of Crry at the implantation sites in normal pregnancy and response against miscarriage induction

In mammals, immune tolerance against fetal tissue has been established for normal pregnancy progression. It is known that Crry regulates complemental activity to prevent injury of the mouse embryo and extra-embryonic tissue. This study aimed to examine the expression appearance and normal localization sites of Crry in the mouse placenta. Also, the emergency responses of Crry were verified at the time of experimental miscarriage induction. Moreover, we investigated an existing similar protein of Crry in animal placentas other than mice. Crry expression level showed a peak at day 8.5 of pregnancy. Trophoblast giant cells and decidual cells indicated a positive reaction to anti-Crry antibody. After treatments of interferon-γ, Crry expression was increased significantly in the survived implantation sites as compared with the controls. However, there was no significant difference in the miscarriage-initiated sites. It disclosed that Crry distributes from the early to middle periods of the placentas and involves complement regulation at the extraembryonic tissue and decidua basalis. Crry also showed an ability to respond to risk against external initiation for urgent miscarriage. Finally, we found anti-mouse Crry antibody-bound proteins in the placenta of many animals. It suggests a potency of Crry to make an environment of immune tolerance in many types of mammal placentas.
A Scoping Review of Programs to Prevent Child Sexual Abuse in Mainland China

Child sexual abuse (CSA) is a worldwide public health concern. With the widespread dissemination of prevention approaches to end CSA, numerous CSA prevention programs exist in developed countries, but there is little evidence on how these programs are performing in Mainland China. The aim of this study was to review the existing research focusing on CSA prevention programs in Mainland China. Studies of CSA prevention programs were identified by conducting a comprehensive search of major academic databases for Chinese and English research. Articles were retained if they were original empirical studies that conducted programs to prevent CSA in Mainland China and measured related outcomes. Twelve studies met the inclusion criteria. A child-targeted, universally focused, and school-based educational program was the most common (n = 7), followed by specifically focused programs that covered migrant and left-behind children using group-based intervention strategies (n = 2) and ordinary parents with self-learning strategies (n = 2); one study delivered agency-based face-to-face education to parents with disabled children. However, the shortcomings in research design limited its replication to the broader population. CSA prevention program research in Mainland China is in an early stage due to the limited target populations, lack of large-scale government-led initiatives, and low involvement of multicomponent collaboration. We provide suggestions for conducting future research involving more inclusive programs for other populations, comprehensive programs with multiple targets and stakeholders, large-scale evidence-based research, culturally tailored and contextual adaptation programs.
On the practical application of vortex breakdown theory to axially symmetrical and three‐dimensional compressible flows

A perfect‐fluid theory for axially symmetrical vortex breakdown flows by Keller et al. [Z. Angew. Math. Phys. 36, 854 (1985); 39, 404 (1988)] is extended to three‐dimensional compressible flows. In a first step, an approximate theory for thin vortex cores is compared to the exact theory for axially symmetrical flows of inviscid, incompressible fluids. In subsequent steps, the approximation for thin vortex cores is extended to flows of compressible fluids that are not axially symmetrical. Finally, the various types of vortex breakdown flows and the shear layer instabilities at the surface of vortex breakdown bubbles are briefly discussed.
Association of GNRI, NLR, and FT3 with the Clinical Prognosis of Older Patients with Heart Failure.

We investigated the relationship between heart failure and malnutrition, inflammation, and thyroid function and evaluated the predictive potential of these markers for major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs). This study included 454 patients aged over 65 years with heart failure as the main diagnosis for 18 months follow-up. The nutritional and inflammatory status were assessed using the geriatric nutritional risk index (GNRI) and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), respectively. Free triiodothyronine (FT3) in thyroid hormone was divided into low, medium, and high FT3. Older patients were divided into two groups according to whether they had endpoint events. Differences in nutrition, inflammation, and thyroid hormone were compared between the two groups. The prognostic value of the combination of GNRI, NLR, and FT3 was analyzed.Older patients in the MACEs (+) group had lower levels of GNRI and FT3 and higher NLR than those in the MACEs (-) group. Low GNRI and FT3 and high NLR were associated with MACEs (P < 0.05). Multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed that low FT3 was an independent predictor of MACEs (P < 0.05). Regardless of how the LVEF changed, when patients had low GNRI and FT3 and high NLR risk factors, the risk of developing MACEs significantly increased. The addition of GNRI, NLR, and FT3 to the basic model significantly increased the predictability of MACEs in patients.Low GNRI and FT3 and high NLR were associated with MACEs. The combination of GNRI, NLR, and FT3 increased the predictive value of MACEs in older patients with heart failure.
Global chromatin landscapes identify candidate noncoding modifiers of cardiac rhythm

Comprehensive cis-regulatory landscapes are essential for accurate enhancer prediction and disease variant mapping. Although cis-regulatory element (CRE) resources exist for most tissues and organs, many rare — yet functionally important — cell types remain overlooked. Despite representing only a small fraction of the heart’s cellular biomass, the cardiac conduction system (CCS) unfailingly coordinates every life-sustaining heartbeat. To globally profile the mouse CCS cis-regulatory landscape, we genetically tagged CCS component–specific nuclei for comprehensive assay for transposase-accessible chromatin–sequencing (ATAC-Seq) analysis. Thus, we established a global CCS-enriched CRE database, referred to as CCS-ATAC, as a key resource for studying CCS-wide and component-specific regulatory functions. Using transcription factor (TF) motifs to construct CCS component–specific gene regulatory networks (GRNs), we identified and independently confirmed several specific TF sub-networks. Highlighting the functional importance of CCS-ATAC, we also validated numerous CCS-enriched enhancer elements and suggested gene targets based on CCS single–cell RNA-Seq data. Furthermore, we leveraged CCS-ATAC to improve annotation of existing human variants related to cardiac rhythm and nominated a potential enhancer-target pair that was dysregulated by a specific SNP. Collectively, our results established a CCS-regulatory compendium, identified novel CCS enhancer elements, and illuminated potential functional associations between human genomic variants and CCS component–specific CREs.
Starch degradation in the bean fruit pericarp is characterized by an increase in maltose metabolism

Abstract The bean fruit pericarp accumulates a significant amount of starch, which starts to be degraded 20 days after anthesis (DAA) when seed growth becomes exponential. This period is also characterized by the progressive senescence of the fruit pericarp. However, the chloroplasts maintained their integrity, indicating that starch degradation is a compartmentalized process. The process coincided with a transient increase in maltose and sucrose levels, suggesting that β‐amylase is responsible for starch degradation. Starch degradation in the bean fruit pericarp is also characterized by a large increase in starch phosphorylation, as well as in the activities of cytosolic disproportionating enzyme 2 (DPE2, EC 2.4.1.25) and glucan phosphorylase (PHO2, EC 2.4.1.1). This suggests that the rate of starch degradation in the bean fruit pericarp 20 DAA is dependent on the transformation of starch to a better substrate for β‐amylase and the increase in the rate of cytosolic metabolism of maltose.
Evaluation of perceived depression, anxiety, stress levels and emotional eating behaviours and their predictors among adults during the COVID-19 pandemic

Abstract Objective: This study aimed to (1) evaluate the prevalence and predictors of perceived depression, anxiety, stress (DAS) levels and emotional eating behaviours and (2) determine the correlations between DAS levels and emotional eating behaviours during the pandemic. Design: An online cross-sectional study included questions about demographic and anthropometric characteristics, dietary habits, Emotional Appetite Questionnaire (EMAQ) and Depression Anxiety Stress Scales. The snowball sampling method was used. Setting: Türkiye. Participants: The study population was 2002 adults aged ≥18 years. Result: The mean age was 27·1 ± 9·52 years (72·1 % females and 27·9 % males). The prevalence of moderate to severe DAS was reported as 27·8 %, 30·5 % and 30·7 %, respectively. Skipping meals (OR = 1·32, 95 % CI (1·14, 1·49)) was associated with depression. Weight gain (OR = 1·43, 95 % CI (1·19, 1·66); OR = 1·30, 95 % CI (1·14, 1·49); OR = 1·39, 95 % CI (1·14, 1·64)), weight loss (OR = 1·45, 95 % CI (1·20, 1·70); OR = 1·37, 95 % CI (1·11, 1·62); OR = 1·46, 95 % CI (1·20, 1·72)), exercising at least 150 min/week (OR = 0·64, 95 % CI (0·46, 0·83); OR = 0·73, 95 % CI (0·55, 0·92); OR = 0·83, 95 % CI (0·63, 1·02)), and maintaining an adequate and balanced diet (OR = 0·52, 95 % CI (0·33, 0·71); OR = 0·53, 95 % CI (0·34, 0·73); OR = 0·63, 95 % CI (-0·15, 0·35)) were associated with DAS, respectively. BMI (r = 0·169, P < 0·001), weight (r = 0·152, P < 0·001), number of snacks (r = 0·102, P = 0·011), depression (r = 0·060, P = 0·007), anxiety (r = 0·061, P = 0·006) and stress (r = 0·073, P = 0·001) levels were positively correlated with EMAQ-negative scores. Conclusion: Approximately one out of every three participants reported moderate to severe DAS levels. Emotional eating was significantly correlated with perceived DAS. The predictors obtained in the study suggest that a healthy diet and lifestyle behaviours are part of psychological well-being and emotional eating.
Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection among 1,659 Silicosis Patients in Zhejiang Province, China

This study evaluated the prevalence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in silicosis patients in mainland China and identified the potential risk factors for both active tuberculosis (ATB) and latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI). We believe that our study makes a significant contribution to the literature because we demonstrated that M. tuberculosis prevalence was high among silicosis patients. ABSTRACT Silicosis is a well-established risk factor for Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. This study aimed to estimate the burden and risk factors of M. tuberculosis infection. Silicosis patients from Zhejiang Province were screened for M. tuberculosis by sputum culture, chest radiographs, whole-blood gamma interferon (IFN-γ) release assay (QuantiFERON-TB Gold In-Tube [QFT-GIT]), and tuberculin skin test (TST). Potential risk factors for M. tuberculosis were identified. Data for 1,659 patients were obtained from 1,684 participants. Of these, 1,656 (99.8%) were men, and the average age was 58 (54 to 63) years. The prevalence of active tuberculosis (ATB) was 6,340/100,000 (6.34%) people; the proportion of patients with latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) was 50.6%. Age (odds ratio [OR] = 1.059, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.020 to 1.099, P = 0.003), being underweight (OR = 2.320, 95% CI = 1.057 to 5.089, P = 0.036), and having a history of exposure to TB patients (OR = 4.329, 95% CI = 1.992 to 9.434, P < 0.001) were associated with ATB; BCG vaccination could reduce ATB risk in silicosis patients (OR = 0.541, 95% CI = 0.307 to 0.954, P = 0.034). Among patients without ATB, the QFT-GIT positivity rate was 40.5%, which was affected by silicosis severity, while that of TST was 57.2%. BCG vaccination was an independent factor for LTBI risk reduction (OR = 0.612, 95% CI = 0.468 to 0.801, P < 0.001). The quantitative results of QFT-GIT decreased with silicosis stage (H = 6.037; P = 0.048). In conclusion, M. tuberculosis prevalence was high in silicosis patients. BCG vaccination reduced the risk of both ATB and LTBI in silicosis patients. IMPORTANCE This study evaluated the prevalence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in silicosis patients in mainland China and identified the potential risk factors for both active tuberculosis (ATB) and latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI). We believe that our study makes a significant contribution to the literature because we demonstrated that M. tuberculosis prevalence was high among silicosis patients. BCG vaccination was an independent factor that reduced the risk of M. tuberculosis infection in patients with silicosis. Furthermore, we show that the prevalence of LTBI in patients with silicosis may have been underestimated by immunological detection methods. This study can help to identify targeted subgroups prioritized for M. tuberculosis control and to reduce the risk of disease development.
College students' virtual and in‐person drinking contexts during the COVID‐19 pandemic

Abstract Background The COVID‐19 pandemic has resulted in pronounced changes for college students, including shifts in living situations and engagement in virtual environments. Although college drinking decreased at the onset of the pandemic, a nuanced understanding of pandemic‐related changes in drinking contexts and the risks conferred by each context on alcohol use and related consequences have yet to be assessed. Methods Secondary data analyses were conducted on screening data from a large parent clinical trial assessing a college student drinking intervention (N = 1669). Participants across six cohorts (from Spring 2020 to Summer 2021) reported on the frequency of drinking in each context (i.e., outside the home, home alone, home with others in‐person, and home with others virtually), typical amount of drinking, and seven alcohol‐related consequence subscales. Results Descriptive statistics and negative binomial regressions indicated that the proportion and frequency of drinking at home virtually with others decreased, while drinking outside the home increased from Spring 2020 to Summer 2021. Limited differences were observed in the proportion or frequency of individuals drinking at home alone or at home with others in‐person. Negative binomial and logistic regressions indicated that the frequency of drinking outside the home was most consistently associated with more alcohol‐related consequences (i.e., six of the seven subscales). However, drinking at home was not without risks; drinking home alone was associated with abuse/dependence, personal, social, hangover, and social media consequences; drinking home with others virtually was associated with abuse/dependence and social consequences; drinking home with others in‐person was associated with drunk texting/dialing. Conclusion The proportion and frequency of drinking in certain contexts changed during the COVID‐19 pandemic, although drinking outside the home represented the highest risk drinking context across the pandemic. Future prevention and intervention efforts may benefit from considering approaches specific to different drinking contexts.