Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Measurement of long-range multi-particle azimuthal correlations with the subevent cumulant method in pp and p+Pb collisions with the ATLAS detector at the LHC

A detailed study of multi-particle azimuthal correlations is presented using pp data at √ s = 5.02 and 13 TeV, and p+Pb data at sNN = 5.02 TeV, recorded with the ATLAS detector at the LHC. The azimuthal correlations are probed using four-particle cumulants cn{4} and flow coefficients vn{4} = (−cn{4}) for n = 2 and 3, with the goal of extracting long-range multi-particle azimuthal correlation signals and suppressing the shortrange correlations. The values of cn{4} are obtained as a function of the average number of charged particles per event, ⟨Nch⟩, using the recently proposed two-subevent and threesubevent cumulant methods, and compared with results obtained with the standard cumulant method. The standard method is found to be strongly biased by short-range correlations, which originate mostly from jets with a positive contribution to cn{4}. The three-subevent method, on the other hand, is found to be least sensitive to short-range correlations. The three-subevent method gives a negative c2{4}, and therefore a well-defined v2{4}, nearly independent of ⟨Nch⟩, which implies that the long-range multi-particle azimuthal correlations persist to events with low multiplicity. Furthermore, v2{4} is found to be smaller than the v2{2} measured using the two-particle correlation method, as expected for long-range collective behavior. Finally, the measured values of v2{4} and v2{2} are used to estimate the number of sources relevant for the initial eccentricity in the collision geometry. The results based on the subevent cumulant technique provide direct evidence, in small collision systems, for a long-range collectivity involving many particles distributed across a broad rapidity interval.
Developmental Disorders in Children and Its Surgery

– OBJECTIVE: To determine whether neuromuscular electrical stimulation of calf muscles could improve nocturnal symptoms and quality of life in asthmatic children. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Sixty children (8-12 years) with moderate asthma were random - ly allocated to three groups (A, B, and C). The three groups completed 12 weeks of supervised breathing exercises for 30 min. In addition, group A completed neuromuscular electrical stimulation of the calf muscles and group B completed aerobic exercise in the same period. The intervention was conducted five days a week for 12 consecutive weeks. Pre-and post-treatment eval - uations involved pulmonary function tests, the Children’s Asthma Control Questionnaire, calf muscle isometric muscle force, six-minute walk test, and Pediatric Asthma Quality of Life Ques - tionnaire. RESULTS: A significant increase in all mea - sured variables was recorded in all groups in favor of group A ( p < 0.001). However, calf mus - cle isometric muscle strength, and nocturnal symptoms were non-significant in group C ( p > 0.05). There was a significant difference between groups A and C in all measured variables ( p < 0.001) in favor of group A. Significant differenc - es between groups B and C in all measured variables ( p < 0.001) in favor of group B were also noted. No significant differences were seen be-tween groups A and B ( p > 0.05).
SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE FOR SMALL SCALE FARMERS IN NIGER STATE, NIGERIA

This research examined sustainable Agriculture for small-scale farmers in Niger State. The specific objectives of the study include; examining the socio-economic characteristics of the small-scale farmers in the study area; identify the system of farming they practiced; examine their level of adoption of improved technology; and, identify the constraints to achieving sustainable agriculture. Primary Data were collected from 120 respondents using a simple random sampling procedure. Six Local Government Areas of Niger State were studied during the 2010 cropping season. Data was generated using well structured questionnaire; frequency distribution, percentages, and ordinary least square (OLS), multiple regression was used to analyze the data. The results show that majority of the small scale farmers were within the economically active age and that crop rotation as an agriculture system was widely practiced in the study area. Results from the regression analysis confirm that variables, such as family size and farm size were statistically significant at 1% level and 5% level respectively. However, inadequate credit facility was identified as a
Effect of Elevated Temperature on Rice Phenology and Yield

At present in the context of climate change, temperature is one of the most important environmental factors influencing the rice crop growth, development, and yield. The duration of each phenological stage is influenced by temperature which has direct impact on yield. The objective of this study is to provide an overview of the influence of elevated temperature on rice phenology and accumulated growing degree days. The experiment was conducted during Kharif 2012 under temperature control chamber, in which temperature is elevated from the ambient level (2°C and 4°C) for the entire crop growth period. The results showed that the days taken to attain maturity was less under elevated temperature of 4°C (96 days) and 2°C (102 days) when compared to the ambient temperature (108 days). The accumulated growing degree days were higher under elevated temperature of 4°C and nearer value for 2°C viz., 1641 and 1583 respectively from that of ambient. Under elevated temperature of 4°C and 2°C, the grain yield was 23 and 13.3 percent less from the ambient. The highest grain yield is from the treatment under ambient temperature with 6.2 t/ha followed by 5.3t/ha under 2oC level and 4.7 t/ha at 4oC level. The yield loss under elevated temperature is due to the sterile florets and lesser crop duration.
NEST SITES OF TERMITARIUM NESTING BIRDS IN SE PERU

Resumen. – Nidos de aves en termiteros arboreos en el sureste del Peru. – En todas las areas tropicales del mundo hay aves que anidan en los nidos arboreos de termitas. Este comportamiento de anidamiento en termiteros esta poco documentado y ha sido objeto de pocos estudios cientificos. Este articulo reporta la estacion de anidamiento y las caracteristicas de los nidos de seis especies de aves que anidan en termiteros arboreos en el bosque humedo tropical del suroeste de la cuenca Amazonica. El Jacamar grande (Jacamerops aurea) excavo nidos en termiteros hechos por la termita Constrictotermes cavifrons, este representa el primer registro de aves de este genero anidando en termiteros. El Jacamar castano (Galbalcyrhynchus purusianus), el Trogon colinegro (Trogon melanurus), el Trogon coroniazul (T. curucui), el Pihuicho tui (Brotogeris sanctithomae) y el Pihuicho alicobalto (B. cyanoptera) usaron termiteros de Nasutitermes corniger. Tambien se reporta un nido del Jacamar frentiazulada (Galbula cyanescens) en el margen de una pequena quebrada. Las excavaciones hechas por todas las especies de aves en los termiteros de N. corniger consistieron de un tunel angosto con inclinacion positiva que lleva a camaras de anidamiento casi hemisfericas. Las excavaciones de los pihuichos Brotogeris tuvieron entradas significativamente mas angostas y con un mayor angulo de inclinacion que las del Trogon colinegro. Las excavaciones de los pihuichos Brotogeris fueron similares a las reportadas en la literatura para otros miembros de este mismo genero. Las excavaciones del Trogon colinegro y el Trogon coroniazul fueron similares entre ellas y similares las de otros miembros del “violaceous subclade” del genero Trogon pero difieren de las excavaciones poco profundas hechas por miembros del “elegant subclade” de este mismo genero.
Edinburgh Research Explorer ‘Hearing the Right Gaps’

The barriers that prevent or delay female victims of sexual assault from disclosing to criminal justice authorities, and the obstacles that often disincline professional and lay decision-makers from finding such narratives credible have been well documented. This article explores the extent to which such difficulties may be replicated, and compounded, in the case of female asylum-seekers; it will examine the complex ways in which the structure and processes, as well as the heavily politicised context, of asylum decision-making may contribute towards a silencing of sexual assault narratives. The article will explore the ways in which the intersection of race, ethnicity, gender, culture, religion, language and nationality present distinct challenges to women asylum applicants for whom an alleged rape is a part of their claim, and reflect on some of the difficulties which this presents in terms of assessing the credibility of sexual assault allegations, and of the overall asylum claim.
An introduction to the study of the British Hieracia, 1. History and classification

A brief account is given of the historical background to the study of Hieracium L. in the British Isles. Pilosella Hill is recognized as a distinct genus. The typification of and differences between Hieracium and Pilosella are set out. The disparity between the Scandinavian and British schools of thought and those of central Europe as regards the definition of species is discussed.
Examples of convolutional neural networks

In this section we will describe some of the famous convolutional networks that have popularized deep learning and their architectures. We will learn from examples the good practices that help implement successful networks. These include LeNet-5, AlexNet, VGG-16 and Inception nets. We will also discuss the the principles that allow to use deeper and deeper layers, describing ResNets, Network-in-network and the Inception networks. 1 Overview of ConvNets We have seen in class the motivations to use convolutional networks and the different layers that compose them. Some of the reasons to use them are the following: • They require less parameters (weights) to learn than a fully connected network. • They are invariant to object translation and can tolerate some distortion in the images. • They are very capable of generalizing and learning features from the input domain. Convolutional networks are constituted by convolutional layers, pooling layers and fully connected layers. We describe them briefly.
SIMULATING OZONE EFFECTS ON FOREST PRODUCTIVITY: SIMULATING OZONE EFFECTS ON FOREST PRODUCTIVITY: INTERACTIONS AMONG LEAF ‐ , CANOPY ‐ , AND STAND ‐ LEVEL INTERACTIONS AMONG LEAF , CANOPY , AND STAND LEVEL PROCESSES PROCESSES

Ozone pollution in the lower atmosphere is known to have adverse effects on forest vegetation, but the degree to which mature forests are impacted has been very difﬁcult to assess directly. In this study, we combined leaf-level ozone response data from independent ozone fumigation studies with a forest ecosystem model in order simulate the effects of ambient ozone on mature hardwood forests. Reductions in leaf carbon gain were determined as a linear function of ozone ﬂux to the leaf interior, calculated as the product of ozone concentration and leaf stomatal conductance. This relationship was applied to individual canopy layers within the model in order to allow interaction with stand-and canopy-level factors such as light attenuation, leaf morphology, soil water limitations, and vertical ozone gradients. The resulting model was applied to 64 locations across the northeastern United States using ambient ozone data from 1987 to 1992. Predicted declines in annual net primary production ranged from 3 to 16% with greatest reductions in southern portions of the region where ozone levels were highest, and on soils with high water-holding capacity where drought stress was absent. Reductions in predicted wood growth were slightly greater (3– 22%) because wood is a lower carbon allocation priority in the model than leaf and root growth. Interannual variation in predicted ozone effects was small due to concurrent ﬂuc-tuations in ozone and climate. Periods of high ozone often coincided with hot, dry weather conditions, causing reduced stomatal conductance and ozone uptake. Within-canopy ozone concentration gradients had little effect on predicted growth reductions because concentrations remained high through upper canopy layers where net carbon assimilation and ozone uptake were greatest. Sensitivity analyses indicate a trade-off between model sensitivity to available soil water and foliar nitrogen and demonstrate uncertainties regarding several assumptions used in the model. Uncertainties surrounding ozone effects on stomatal function and plant water use efﬁciency were found to have important implications on current predictions. Field measurements of ozone effects on mature forests will be needed before the accuracy of model predictions can be fully assessed.
True-amplitude Cross-correlation Shot-profile Imaging Condition

We derive a stable cross-correlation type imaging condition for shot-profile migration which produces common-angle gathers with correct amplitude-versus-angle relationship or conventional stacks with better estimates for the angle-averaged reflectivity. The method is simple to implement and requires a modification of the initial wavefield in the downward propagation and decomposition into plane-waves in the midpointslowness domain We show that the cross-correlation trueamplitude imaging condition arises naturally from wave theory through the solution of a simple forward problem.
Spatiotemporal structure of the moisture sources feeding heavy precipitation events over the Sichuan Basin

The Sichuan Basin (SCB), in southwest China, is characterized by a high frequency of heavy precipitation (HP) events in the boreal summer. In this study, the top 50 HP events that occurred in the SCB were selected, based on daily precipitation gauge data during 1980–2013, and the moisture sources for these events have been identified. Taking advantage of the Lagrangian approach, we particularly examined the spatiotemporal structure of the moisture sources, both in their magnitude and temporal sequence. The results of this study can be summarized as follows: (1) the quantification of the contribution of the moisture sources indicated that the remote sources of moisture originating from the Tibetan Plateau, Indian Peninsula, Bay of Bengal and the Arabian Sea made considerable contributions to the moisture in the HP events; however, these areas were only the third most important factor in climatology, following the stronger influence of moisture uptake from the SCB local regions and the nearby Indo‐China Peninsula and South China Sea regions; (2) the time that moisture involved in the HP events varies between a few hours to more than a week before the HP events. Most of the moisture uptakes happened 1–5 days before the events, with maximum uptake occurring about 1 day before; (3) individual event‐to‐event variability of moisture sources was apparent. However, in contrast to the primary moisture contributors, this event‐to‐event variation depended largely on the externally imported moisture, particularly water vapor conveyed by both dominant southwest circulations and the moisture exported from the Tibetan Plateau, rather than the local SCB region. These results have established the atmospheric flow patterns that are prerequisites for HP events; meanwhile, regional moisture availability over the SCB region could also be an essential component of forecasting the HP events and needs to be better understood.
Intraseasonal Teleconnections between South America and South Africa

AbstractTeleconnection of climate anomalies between various parts of the tropics and extratropics is a well-established feature of the climate system. Building on previous work showing that a teleconnection exists between the South American monsoon system and interannual summer rainfall variability over southern Africa, this study considers intraseasonal variability over these landmasses. It is shown that strong teleconnections exist between South African daily rainfall and that over various areas of South America, with the latter leading by 4–5 days, for both winter and summer, involving regions with strong rainfall in these seasons. During the summer, the mechanisms involve both a modulation of the local Walker cell as well as extratropical Rossby wave trains. For winter, the latter mechanism is more important. While in summer tropical convective anomalies over South America play an important role, in winter the subtropics become more important. In both cases, these modulations lead to regional changes .
Dynamic motion of a single degree of freedom system following a rate and state dependent friction law

Sequences of dynamic instabilities are analyzed for a single degree of freedom elastic system which slides along a surface having frictional resistance depending on slip rate and slip rate history, in the manner of Dieterich, Ruina and others. The system is represented as a rigid block in contact with a fixed surface and having a spring attached to it whose opposite end is forced to move at a uniform slow speed. The resulting "stick-slip" motions are well understood in the classical case for which there is an abrupt drop from "static" to "sliding" frictional resistance. We analyze them here on the basis of more accurate frictional constitutive models. The problem has two time scales, an inertial scale set by the natural oscillation period T of the analogous frictionless system as T/2:rr and a state relaxation scale L/V occurring in evolution, over a characteristic slip distance L, of frictional stress u towards a "steady state" value uss(v) associated with slip speed V. We show that u _ uss(v) during motions for which acceleration a satisfies aL/V 2 > T/2n during much of the essentially quasi-static "stick" part of the cycle when there is a sufficiently small imposed velocity at the load point. Thus the physically irrelevant time scale (L/V during inertial controlled motion, T/2n during quasi-static motion) is much shorter than the relevant scale, which is troublesome from a numerical point of view as it is the shorter time scale which constrains allowable step size. We propose efficient numerical procedures to deal with such response, in which the full equations with inertia and state relaxation are solved only in a transition regime when both time scales are significant. We show results for several friction laws, all having history dependence based on a single evolving state variable and all having properties that &/V > 0 for instantaneous changes in V, that u evolves towards uss(v) as exp (--6/L) with ongoing slip 6 when V- const, and that duSS(V)/dV < 0 except possibly at high V. During the dynamic instabilities we find that motion continues at a nearly steady state condition, u _ 'rss(v), until dynamic overshoot becomes so significant that "arrest" begins. In the arrest stage, V drops rapidly to very much lower values (never zero in our models) under nearly fixed state conditions, and then the long quasi-static "stick" phase of the motion begins again.
Amyloid beta synaptotoxicity is Wnt–planar cell polarity dependent and blocked by fasudil Q1

Introduction: Synapse loss is the basis of the cognitive decline indicative of dementia. In the brains of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) sufferer’s amyloid beta (A b ) peptides aggregate to form senile plaques but as soluble peptides that are toxic to synapses Q3 . We previously demonstrated that A b induces Dickkopf-1 (Dkk1), which in turn activates the Wnt–planar cell polarity (Wnt-PCP) pathway to drive tau pathology and neuronal death. Methods: We compared the effects of A b and Dkk1 on synapse morphology and memory impairment while inhibiting or silencing key elements of the Wnt-PCP pathway. Results: We demonstrate that A b synaptotoxicity is also Dkk1 and Wnt-PCP dependent, mediated by the arm of Wnt-PCP regulating actin cytoskeletal dynamics via Daam1, RhoA, and ROCK, and can be blocked by the drug fasudil. Discussion: Our data place Wnt-PCP signaling at the center of AD neuropathology and indicate that fasudil could be repositioned as a treatment for AD. (cid:1)
Community-based approach for dengue prevention and control in Sta. Cruz, Laguna, Philippines

Background: Despite having mandated health programs, dengue cases in Sta. Cruz had a marked increase of 106% in the past two years. Dengue ranked first on notifiable diseases in Sta. Cruz with a rate of 520 per 100000 populations. The occurrence of dengue in one barangay is a threat to nearby barangays and its spread intensified due to proliferating trade and travel. Therefore, dengue cannot be controlled if efforts are limited to only a few members of the community. Hence, strengthening the implementation of dengue programs must be pointed out. Methods: The community project aims to decrease the incidence of dengue cases in all the barangays of Sta. Cruz by 30% within one year. The strategic plan is designed that a Core Group has to be made in which the capacity of staff at different levels has to be increased. An assessment of their baseline knowledge, post-test results, return demonstration and field implementation was conducted. Strengthening communication for source reduction was made possible by posting dengue posters in conspicuous places and by sustained advertising of dengue jingle. Results: The Dengue-Rous Core Group acquired the knowledge, skills and capacity to deliver effective dengue prevention at the community level. The awareness and capacity building of each household to regularly practice search and destroy of mosquito breeding and resting places in their community were also enhanced. Conclusions: Our findings highlight the need for further information, education and communication on source reduction of mosquitoes. Identifying barriers to action and to seek ways to translate population knowledge about dengue into positive preventive practices are deemed essential.
An All-Fragments Grammar for Simple and Accurate Parsing

AbstractWe present a simple but accurate parser which exploits both large tree fragments and sym-bol reﬁnement. We parse with all fragments of the training set, in contrast to much recentwork on tree selection in data-oriented parsing and tree-substitution grammar learning. Werequire only simple, deterministic grammar symbol reﬁnement, in contrast to recent work onlatent symbol reﬁnement. Moreover, our parser requires no explicit lexicon machinery, in-stead parsing input sentences as character streams. Despite its simplicity, our parser achievesaccuracies of over 88% F1 on the standard English WSJ task, which is competitive with sub-stantially more complicated state-of-the-art lexicalized and latent-variable parsers. Additionalspeciﬁc contributions center on making implicit all-fragments parsing efﬁcient, including acoarse-to-ﬁne inference scheme and a new graph encoding. 1 1 Introduction Modern NLP systems have increasingly used data-intensive models that capture many or even allsubstructures from the training data. In the domain of syntactic parsing, the idea that all trainingfragments
Defining archaeological features with electromagnetic surveys at the Cahokia Mounds State Historic Site

Electromagnetic (EM) surveys have been used at the Cahokia Mounds State Historic Site in southwestern Illinois to locate and define a number of buried archaeological features. Two instruments, Geonics EM31-D and EM38 conductivity meters, were employed to locate portions of a wooden stockade known as the Central Palisade; delineate a number of leveled earthen mounds; and explore a broad, flat area in the central portion of the site known as the Grand Plaza. EM surveys, together with limited excavation, provide a cost effective and nondestructive means of exploring a site as large and complex as Cahokia. Archaeological excavations confirmed that EM surveys were able to locate the Central Palisade, and more importantly, that they provided information on anthropogenically modified terrain within the Grand Plaza. The EM survey documented buried ridge and swale topography and borrow pits within this area. This evidence of landscape modification challenges previous conceptions about the extent of earthmoving at .