Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect of phosphorus and farmyard manure applied to sunnhemp (Crotalaria juncea) on yield and nutrient uptake of sunnhemp-wheat (Triticum aestivum ) cropping system and fertility status in a Typic Ustocrept of Uttar Pradesh

A field experiment with sunnhemp (Crotalaria juncea L.) -wheat (Triticum aestivum L. emend. Fiori & Paol.) cropping system was conducted during 2004 and 2005 to study the effect of phosphorus and farmyard manure levels on yield and nutrient uptake of sunnhemp and their residual effect on wheat and changes in soil fertility status. Application of farmyard manure @ 5 tonnes/ha recorded an increase of 13.9% in fibre yield over the no farmyard manure. Fertilizer phosphorus significantly increased the fibre yield of sunnhemp by 14.69% over the no phosphorus at 40 kg P 2 O 5 /ha. The highest fibre yield (0.90 tonne/ha) was recorded with combined application of 60 kg P 2 O 5 and 7.5 tonnes farmyard manure/ ha which was 45.2% higher than the yield of without phosphorus and farmyard manure. The total nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium uptake by sunnhemp increased significantly with applied phosphorus up to the maximum level of 60 kg P 2 O 5 /ha but the favourable effect with farmyard manure was recorded up to 5 tonnes/ha only. The increase in nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium uptake with 60 kg P 2 O 5 /ha were 20.5, 44.0 and 54.9% respectively over no phosphorus. Grain and straw yield of wheat increased significantly with farmyard manure at 5 and 7.5 tonnes/ha applied in sunnhemp over no farmyard manure although the yield recorded with 5 and 7.5 tonnes farmyard manure/ ha were at par. The increase in grain and straw yield under 5 tonnes farmyard manure/ha was 6.60 and 14.05% respectively. Combined dose of 60 kg P 2 O 5 with 7.5 tonnes farmyard manure/ha applied in sunnhemp recorded highest grain yield of wheat (4.55 tonnes/ha) which was 21.3% higher than that of without phosphorus and farmyard manure. The nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium . uptake by wheat crop increased significantly due to the residual effect of farmyard manure and phosphorus applied in sunnhemp crop. Application of phosphorus and farmyard manure had significantly improved the organic carbon and available nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium status in post-harvest soil after 2 years of cropping.
Some factors that may influence the invasiveness of Mikania micrantha Kunth. ex. H.B.K. in Fiji

A study was undertaken to predict the tolerance and persistence of Mikania micrantha Kunth ex H.B. K. seed in the soil seed bank in Viti Levu, Fiji. A laboratory-controlled ageing test (LCAT) indicated that M. micrantha seed would likely survive in the soil seed bank for between 1 and 3 years. A second study was conducted to determine the effect of sodium chloride (NaCl), at concentrations similar to those occurring naturally in the soils of Viti Levu, Fiji, on the germination rate and root development of M. micrantha. Average percent germination in the controls was >93% and this occurred within 5 days of the start of incubation (30/15°C ± 1°C, 12 h photoperiod). Moderate salinity (200mM NaCl) significantly reduced germination to c. 60% and high salinity (300mM NaCl) down to 6%. Primary root growth was inhibited by low concentrations of NaCl (25mM). However, in such treatments, seedlings survived by producing a high density, shallow fibrous root system around their stem bases. Thus, seedling establishment could occur even in moderate levels of NaCl. This implies that M. micrantha can tolerate moderate salinity conditions and may be able to grow in areas where other weed species cannot grow so well. Both studies have identified components of the adaptive mechanism employed by M. micrantha in invading agricultural land in Viti Levu. This knowledge on seed longevity and salt tolerance could facilitate the development of management plans of this weed in Fiji.
INVESTIGATION OF OBESITY AND DEPRESSION IN A SAMPLE OF TURKISH ELDERLY ADULTS

Girifl: Obezite s›kl›¤› Türkiye’de yafll›larda artmaktad›r. Bu çal›flma, yafll›larda obezite ve depresyon aras›ndaki iliflkiyi incelemeyi amaçlam›flt›r. Çal›flma ek olarak demografik de¤iflkenlerin depresyon ve obeziteyle iliflkisini de incelemifltir. Gereç ve Yöntem: Bu, olgu-kontrol tipindeki çal›flma, Kafkas Universitesi, T›p Fakültesi’nde yap›lm›flt›r. Altm›fl-befl yafl ve üzeri 161 yetiflkin çal›flmaya al›nm›flt›r. Kat›l›mc›lar›n beden bileflimleri, Biyo-Elektrik-‹mpedans (BE‹) ile de¤erlendirilmifltir. Depresyon durumunun de¤erlendirilmesinde, Hamilton Depresyon Derecelendirme Ölçe¤i (HDDÖ) kullan›lmfl›t›r. Bulgular: Kat›l›mc›lar›n yafl aral›¤› 65-87 (ortalama, 70.80±5.42 y›l), %50.9’u kad›n ve 82’si obezdi. Depresyon s›kl›¤› obez grupta %54.9, obez olmayan grupta %49.4 tür, ve depresyon ile obezite iliflkisi kad›nlarda, istatistiksel anlaml›l›k s›n›r›na yak›n bulunmufltur. Bu çal›flmada kat›l›mc›la›n %60.9’u ilkokulu bitirmemifltir. Depresyon s›kl›¤›, ö¤renim düzeyi düflük kat›l›mc›larda yüksektir, kat›l›mc›lar›n %98.8’i en az bir kifliyle birlikte yaflamaktad›r ve %55.9’unun ayl›k geliri ≥501 TL d›r. Depresyon, yaln›z yaflam ve düflük ayl›k gelir aras›nda istatistiksel olarak anlaml› fark vard›r. Sonuç: Bu çal›flmada, kat›l›mc›lar›n (obez ve obez olmayan) yar›dan fazlas›n›n depresyonda oldu¤u, yafll›larda, yaln›z yaflam ve düflük ayl›k gelirin, depresyon için obeziteden daha yüksek risk unsurlar› oldu¤u bulunmufltur. Anahtar Sözcükler: Obezite; Depresyon; Beden Kütle ‹ndeksi; Yafll›l›k. ABSTRACT
Seed productivity and quality in relation to plant spacing in carrot (Daucus carota)

The experiment was conducted to find out the effect of plant spacing on seed yield and quality of carrot (Daucus carota L.). In all 9 plant spacing were evaluated during winter season of 2001-02 and 2002-03. Closer spacing of 40 cm x 10 cm or 40 cm x 20 cm improved processed seed yields significantly (32.6%) over wider spacing treatments. The contribution of primary umbels to seed yield was 50 and 28.9% for closer and wider spacing, respectively. The contribution of secondary umbel to seed yield was 63.2% at wider spacing as compared to 48.9% at closer spacing. Seed from closer spacing crop showed lower test weight but seed germination and seedling vigour remained unaffected. The germination of seed from closer spacing crop was considerably higher than the minimum prescribed limit (60%).
Failsafe Mechanisms Coordinate Cell Division and the Initiation of DNA Replication in Bacteria

107 Introduction 108 Results 110 Identifying intragenic and extragenic suppressors of ftsZ84 110 Intragenic suppressors restore in vivo temperature resistance of ftsZ84 cells 111 Suppressors restore GTPase activity in FtsZ84 115 Secondary suppressors do not restore assembly in vitro 115 Suppressors reduce the GTPase activity and in vitro assembly of wild-type FtsZ 117 Genomic sequencing revealed 2 additional mutations in the ftsZ84 strain 117 Discussion 120 Cellular factors may help FtsZ84 assemble in vivo 121 Linked mutations in ftsW and murE may enhance ftsZ84 temperature sensitive phenotype 122 Materials and Methods 123 Acknowledgements 127 References 128
Efeito do nitrato e amnio sobre o crescimento e eficincia de utilizao do nitrognio em mandioca

This study was carried out to evaluate the effect of nitrogen source on dry mass accumulation and absorption, distribution and also use of nitrogen by cassava plants. Cigana Preta cultivar plants were grown in nutrient solutions set up in 11.0 L containers. Nitrogen concentration in solutions was 12 mol m-3. Treatments included five combinations of NO3-:NH4+ , that is, 12:0, 9:3, 6:6, 3:9 and 0:12 mol m-3. Aftert 90 days the dry mass was determined. The lowest total dry mass values were obtained for plants grown with just nitrate or ammonium as nitrogen source. In this sence, ammonium affected growth more than the nitric source. The concentration of free NH4+ was higher for absorption in roots, followed by leaves and storage roots. The efficiency of nitrogen absorption was higher for plants cultivated under highest proportions of NH4+. The results showed that cassava plants grow more when growth solution contains a mixture of NO3- and NH4+, especially at the proportions of 9:3 and 6:6 mol m-3.
Population biology and larval ecology of the sea urchin Centrostephanus rodgersii (Agassiz 1863) in New Zealand under the influence of Global Climate Change

3 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS . 6 TABLE OF CONTENTS . 8 LIST OF TABLES.12 LIST OF FIGURES.17 CHAPTER ONE. GENERAL INTRODUCTION . 25 1.1 Global climate change and its effects on seawater chemistry . 26 1.2 Effect of global climate change on invertebrate early life stages.30 1.3 Centrostephanus rodgersii and global climate change . 32 1.4 Study aims . 36 CHAPTER TWO. GROWTH, MORPHOMETRICS AND SIZE STRUCTURE OF THE DIADEMATIDAE SEA URCHIN CENTROSTEPHANUS RODGERSII IN NORTHERN NEW ZEALAND.38 2.1 Introduction . 39 2.2 Materials and Methods . 41 2.2.1 Study site and collection . 41 2.2.2 Morphometrics . 42 2.2.3 Growth estimates . 42 2.2.4 Growth models.44 2.2. 5 Instantaneous growth rates . 46 2.2. 6 Model comparisons . 46 2.2. 7 Sea surface temperatures . 46 2.2. 8 Statistical analyses . 47 2.3 Results . 48 2.3. 1 Morphometrics . 48 2.3. 2 Marginal increment analysis . 48 2.3. 3 Growth parameter estimates from growth lines . 49 2.3. 4 Growth parameter estimates from tag-recaptures . 51 2.4 Discussion.54
Dog Bite Injuries in the Head and Neck Region: A 20-Year Review

Dog bite-related wounds seem to have become a common problem, especially when they relate to the head and neck region. According to Overall and Love, up to 18 per 1,000 people sustain a dog bite every year, of whom 3 need medical attention. Approximately 1 to 2% of bite injuries require hospitalization of the victims. Most of the lacerations are found in the upper lip and the nose regions and they are classified according to severity and concomitant damage to other organs. Bite wounds are considered “dirty” wounds and are prone to infection. When dealing with bite wounds, there is always an indication for antibiotic treatment. Broad-spectrum antibiotics like amoxicillin-clavulanate and/or moxifloxacin cover most of the pathogenic flora and should be administered in every bite wound case at risk of infection. This article would like to present a medical record review: a retrospective analysis of all bite wounds sustained in the head and neck region, treated at the University Hospital of Leuven over the past 20 years. Furthermore, it provides an overview of the current literature and its standings on the treatment of dog bite injuries in the maxillofacial region. We assessed both surgical and medical treatment options, as well as primary management, which includes infection prevention strategies, closure management, and additional vaccination requirements. Secondary management or scar revision methods will be mentioned. After conducting a UZ Leuven database search using keywords such as “dog,” “dog bite,” “face,” “head,” “lip,” and others, 223 patients were included. Age at the time of injury, location of the injury, treatment method used, and whether secondary infection was present or not were documented. All patients have been divided in age groups. We concluded that 21.52% was 5 years old or younger. Almost half of our patients (49.33%) were 18 years old or younger. Of all patients, 79 were hospitalized (35.43%). Primary closure was the treatment of choice. In 141 patients, the wounds were closed primarily (63.23%), resulting in only 2.24% reported secondary infections. Only one fatality was reported in our center over the course of 20 years (0.45%), a 6-year-old girl who had been attacked by her father's Rottweilers. Most patients who sustained dog bite injuries in the head and neck region seem to be children, specifically toddlers. Due to their height, it is possible they are more prone to dog bite injuries in the head and neck region. It is essential to optimize management of these injuries due to the impact they have on patients. This article provides the epidemiological data and clinical outcome of the approach at our center.
Effects of Fibrolytic Enzyme Addition on Ruminal Fermentation, Milk Yield and Milk Composition of Dairy Cows

We evaluated the effects of adding fibrolytic enzyme into ruminant diets on ruminal fermentation (in vitro) and lactational performances of dairy cows (in vivo). Through the in vitro experiment that was carried out with different contents of NDF (34, 38, 43%) in diets, digestibilities of NDF in the rumen appeared not significantly different by the addition of enzyme but were different by NDF content in diets showing higher digestibility in NDF 43% diet. It could be attributed by the relatively higher amount of hemicellulose in the current experimental diets than in conventional diets that might have been digested easily by the addition of fibrolytic enzyme in the rumen. The addition of fibrolytic enzyme tended to increase NDF digestibilities to a little extent both in 0.05 and 0.1% enzyme levels. Ruminal pH, NH3-N concentrations and VFA production in the rumen were not affected by the addition of fibrolytic enzyme. Activities of CMCase and xylanase were higher in enzyme treated diets of both NDF 34 and 38%. In particular, the activities of xylanase that slowly decreased from 0 to 12 hr but rapidly after 24 hr indicates that the major action of the enzyme in the rumen occurs in early period of incubation. Through an in vivo experiment, fibrolytic enzyme addition into the diets of dairy cows indeed affected lactational performance of milk yield. The cows fed enzyme treated diets produced 8% (1.9kg/d) more amounts of milk than with no enzyme addition. Milk composition of milk fat and protein was not affected by enzyme addition. Overall, the results of this in vivo study indicates that fibrolytic enzyme can be used to improve milk production in lactating cows. In respect that animals in different treatments of this study had the same amounts of intake, the increased milk yield with enzyme addition may be attributed to the improved utilization of nutrients in the digestive tract.
Évaluation du stock de carbone et de la productivité en bois d'un parc à karités du Nord-Cameroun

In the sudanian zones of northern Cameroon, the steady influx of migrants is causing much land clearance in large swathes of savannah lands. Creating denser stands of relict tree populations would be of value at once for agronomic, economic and environmental reasons. A method for evaluating the carbon stored in aerial biomass is proposed here for a village area of shea trees (Vitellaria paradoxa). The aim is to introduce agroforestry projects that will be eligible for the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) as from 2012. In addition, an evaluation of fuelwood productivity in the area, using pollarding methods, was conducted for about thirty trees over a three-year period. A series of allometric equations was developed (for six shea specimens and one specimen each of Anogeissus leiocarpus and Combretum nigricans), establishing a ratio between aerial biomass and the diameter of the trunk (at chest height or at the branch base) or the surface area of the crown. This provided an estimation of carbon stocks per tree, and then per plot. Given the human pressure exerted on the tree zone, it was established that an 8-year rotation between pollarding operations would offer a healthy trade-off between the various interests involved. These studies offer a preliminary approach that will need to be consolidated with hindsight. Keywords: Vitellaria paradoxa, Clean Development Mechanism (CDM), pollarding, fuelwood productivity, carbon, agroforestry, sudanian zone, Cameroon.
Antibody Specific B-Cell Epitope Predictions: Leveraging Information From Antibody-Antigen Protein Complexes

B-cells can neutralize pathogenic molecules by targeting them with extreme specificity using receptors secreted or expressed on their surface (antibodies). This is achieved via molecular interactions between the paratope (i.e., the antibody residues involved in the binding) and the interacting region (epitope) of its target molecule (antigen). Discerning the rules that define this specificity would have profound implications for our understanding of humoral immunogenicity and its applications. The aim of this work is to produce improved, antibody-specific epitope predictions by exploiting features derived from the antigens and their cognate antibodies structures, and combining them using statistical and machine learning algorithms. We have identified several geometric and physicochemical features that are correlated in interacting paratopes and epitopes, used them to develop a Monte Carlo algorithm to generate putative epitopes-paratope pairs, and train a machine-learning model to score them. We show that, by including the structural and physicochemical properties of the paratope, we improve the prediction of the target of a given B-cell receptor. Moreover, we demonstrate a gain in predictive power both in terms of identifying the cognate antigen target for a given antibody and the antibody target for a given antigen, exceeding the results of other available tools.
Characterization of Phialophora spp. isolates from a Montana take-all suppressive soil and their use in suppression of wheat take-all caused by Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici (Ggt) ;

Sterile fungi isolated from a Montana take-all suppressive soil were identified as Phialophora spp. and were characterized morphologically. These Phialophora spp. isolates were nonpathogenic on wheat or barley in glasshouse experiments. They, however, did not confer a substantial protection of wheat and barley seedlings against Gaeumannomvces graminis var. tritici (Ggt) in glasshouse tests. Ribosomal DNA (rDNA) fragments from four Phialonhora and two Gaeumannomvces isolates were amplified with Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) using universal primers, cloned, and sequenced. Sequence comparison to known sequences of Phialonhora spp. and Gaeumannomvces spp. revealed that the Phialonhora isolates included in this study were very closely related to Gaeumannomvces and less so to other Phialonhora spp. Sequence alignment allowed the design of primers to be used in detecting Phialonhora sp. I-52 in the soil and on cereal roots. Phialonhora sp. I-52 was tentatively identified as P. graminicola based on morphological and molecular analyses. In vitro tests of antagonism involving Phialonhora spp. I-52, I-58, as well as a Bacillus sp. strain L that originated from the same soil as I-52 and I-58, resulted in significant inhibition of Ggt growth. Phialonhora sp. I-52 was combined with Phialonhora sp. I-58 and tested for Ggt suppression in the field and with Bacillus sp. L under glasshouse conditions. Neither the combination of the two Phialonhora spp. nor that of I-52 and Bacillus sp. L conferred any advantage in controlling take-all over I-52 alone. Phialonhora sp. I-52 and Bacillus sp. L were shown to successfully colonize wheat roots and were frequently and readily isolated over a two-month period. Phialophora sp. I-52, when introduced on canola seed, proved to be an efficient biological control agent against wheat take-all in its original suppressive soil as well as in a highly conducive soil. In field experiments, Phialonhora sp. I-52 reduced take-all infection and increased shoot weight and grain yield. The antagonistic ability of Phialonhora spp. towards Ggt is most likely due to competition for infection sites on wheat roots, competition for nutrients, particularly iron through the production of siderophores, and/or the production of diffusible antibiotic metabolites. Some evidence pointed to a possible role of I-52 in promoting the growth of wheat plants. CHARACTERIZATION OF Phialoohora spp. ISOLATES FROM A MONTANA TAKE-ALL SUPPRESSIVE SOIL AND THEIR USE IN SUPPRESSION OF WHEAT TAKE-ALL CAUSED BY Gaeumannomvces graminis var. tritici (Ggt)
Heritability, heterosis and heterobeltiosis studies for morphological traits of maize (Zea mays L.) seedlings

Background: Maize is one of most important cereal crop in world after wheat and rice. It is grown in Pakistan as a major cash crop cultivation in the area of 1083 thousand hectares producing 3990 thousand tones. Maize is dual propose crop it is used as feed for livestock and food for human. It is also used as a raw material in textile, food and medicine industries. The present study was conducted to evaluate parents and F 1 hybrids of maize for seedling traits including heritability, heterosis and heterobelteiosis. Methodology: The genetic material was comprises of twelve parents and including their 36 F 1 hybrids. The parents and F 1 hybrids were sown in the iron treys filled with sand in three replications following completely randomized design. The data was recorded for fresh root length, fresh shoot length, fresh root-to-shoot length ratio, fresh root weight, fresh shoot weight and fresh root-to-shoot weight ratio. The data was subjected for analysis genotypic and phenotypic coefficients of variance. The genetic advance was calculated by using Falconer (1989) formula. Results: The average batter performance was given by B-336, EV-347, EV-1097Q and B-327. The F 1 hybrids, EV-1097Q × EV-347, EV-1097Q × EV-340, Raka-poshi × EV-347, B-327 × B-316 and Sh-139 × EV-347 showed higher values of heterosis and heterobeltiosis for respected studied traits of maize seedlings. Conclusion: In this study, it is concluded that the F 1 hybrids, EV-1097Q x EV-347, EV-1097Q x EV-340, Raka-poshi x EV-347, B-327 x B-316 and Sh-139 x EV-347 may be used as higher yield maize hybrids and parents EV-347, EV-1097Q, B-327 and B-316 may be used to develop higher yield maize hybrids following heterosis breeding scheme.
Probiotics Intervention in Woman Health: Unexpected Acquaintance

There is growing interest in health promoting benefits of probiotics as bio therapeutic agents. Probioticsare used to treat recurrent urinary tract infections, diabetes, diarrhoea, vulvovaginal candidiasis and bacterial vaginosis in women. Probiotics exert their positive effects through various mechanisms, including lowering intestinal pH, decreasing colonization and invasion by pathogenic organisms, and modifying the host immune response. There is no agreement about the minimum number of microorganisms that must be consumed to obtain a beneficial effect; however, a probiotic should typically contain several billion microorganisms to increase the chance that adequate gut colonization will occur. This review presents mechanisms of action of probiotics and briefly examines the recent developments in use of probiotics in treating both infectious and non-infectious diseases in relation to women’s health. We conclude with suggestions for future work and possible applications probiotic research.