Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Amount and Distribution of Intracranial Calcification in Symptomatic and Asymptomatic Primary Familial Brain Calcification

Background and Objectives In clinical practice, it can be difficult to differentiate between intracranial calcifications related to primary familial brain calcification (PFBC) or aging. Also, little is known about the consequences of the amount of intracranial calcifications in patients with PFBC. Therefore, we aimed to compare the amount and distribution of intracranial calcifications in persons with PFBC with controls and between asymptomatic and symptomatic PFBC cases. Methods This was a case-control study including patients with PFBC and controls. Controls received a CT of the brain because of a trauma and had at least some basal ganglia calcification. The Nicolas score and volume of calcification were used to quantify intracranial calcifications on the CT scans. Receiver operating characteristic curves were obtained to calculate optimal cutoff points to discriminate between cases and controls. Mann-Whitney U tests and logistic regression, adjusted for age and sex, were used to compare the amount of calcification. Results Twenty-eight cases (median age 65 years, 50.0% male) and 90 controls (median age 74 years, 46.1% male) were included. Calcification scores were higher in cases (median volume: 4.91 cm3 against 0.03 cm3, p < 0.001, median Nicolas score: 26.5 against 2.0, p < 0.001) than controls. Calcifications were also more diffusely distributed in cases. To differentiate between cases and controls, optimal cutoff points were ≥0.2 cm3 for the calcification volume and ≥6.0 for the Nicolas score. Calcification was higher for symptomatic than asymptomatic cases (calcification volume: 13.62 cm3 against 1.61 cm3, p = 0.01, Nicolas score: 39.0 against 15.5, p = 0.02). After adjustment for age and sex, the Nicolas score remained significantly higher in symptomatic patients, and the calcification volume did not. Discussion Patients with PFBC had more severe intracranial calcifications, and these calcifications were more diffusely distributed through the brain compared with controls. Symptomatic patients with PFBC might have more intracranial calcifications than asymptomatic persons.
Uncertainty evaluation for density measurements of molten Ni, Zr, Nb and Hf by using a containerless method

We report on high-temperature density measurements of nickel (Ni), zirconium (Zr), niobium (Nb), and hafnium (Hf) in supercooled and stable liquid states by using an electrostatic levitator (ESL) and evaluation of their associated uncertainties. More specifically, this work demonstrates a detailed description of our non-contact measurement method (i.e. schematics of the instrumentation, levitation procedure and density calculation from droplet images). We find that the main contribution of the uncertainties come from measuring sample temperature and mass, aspect ratio of the sample shape, pixel-calibration factors for two-dimensional (2D) detector, and order of the fitting function for calculating the volume. The measurements are typically made with combined uncertainties less than 0.5% and 2.1% for two different types of pyrometers that are used in low temperature (600 K ~ 2800 K) and high temperature (1000 K ~ 3800 K) ranges each operating at a wavelength of 1.6 μm and 0.9 μm, respectively. At melting temperatures, the combined uncertainties of the density measurements of liquid metals are measured less than ± 1.4% for low temperature and ± 2.2% for high temperature cases.
Factors Affecting Intention to Use on the Digital Banking Services Offered by Digital Banks in Indonesia

The rapid advancement of technology has encouraged the emergence of digital banks, which provide all their services via mobile phone. The researchers are curious about the factors that influence the tendency of public acceptance of digital banks. The findings of this research are expected to provide insights for digital banks to pay more attention to these factors, in order to improve customer acquisition and financial performance. A model was developed based on the Technology Acceptance Model with additional constructs. Quantitative survey of 459 digital bank users from Indonesia was collected to assess the proposed framework. This research uses a partial least squares structural equation modeling technique to empirically validate the model. The results show perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, attitude towards the service, and social influence have a positive effect on the intention to use. Meanwhile, trust has a negative effect on perceived risk and perceived risk has a negative effect on attitude towards the service. The limitation of current research is the data only based on questionnaires which was not evenly distributed across all regions in Indonesia. In addition, future research can be developed by including other variables that may influence customer interest in using digital bank services.
Weakly nonlinear stability analysis of subcritical electrohydrodynamic flow subject to strong unipolar injection

We analyse in detail the weakly nonlinear stability of electrohydrodynamic (EHD) flow of insulating fluids subject to strong unipolar injection, with and without cross-flow. We first consider the hydrostatic electroconvetion induced by a Coulomb force confined between two infinite flat electrodes, taking into account the charge diffusion effect. The effects of various non-dimensionalized parameters are examined in order to depict in detail and to understand better the subcritical bifurcation of hydrostatic electroconvetion. In addition, electrohydrodynamics with low- or high- $Re$ cross-flow is also considered for investigating the combined effect of inertia and the electric field. It is found that the base cross-flow is modified by the electric effect and that, even when the inertia is dominating, the electric field can still strengthen effectively the subcritical characteristics of canonical channel flow. In this process, however, the electric field does not contribute directly to the subcriticality of the resultant flow and the intensified subcritical feature of such flow is thus entirely due to the modified hydrodynamic field as a result of the imposed electric field. This finding might be important for flow control strategies involving an electric field. Theoretically, the above results are obtained from a multiple-scale expansion method, which gives rise to the Ginzburg–Landau equation governing the amplitude of the first-order perturbation. The conclusions are deduced by probing the changes of value of the coefficients in this equation. In particular, the sign of the first Landau coefficient indicates the type of bifurcation, being subcritical or supercritical. Moreover, as a quintic-order Ginzburg–Landau equation is derived, the effects of higher-order nonlinear terms in EHD flow are also discussed.
Advanced Driver Training’s Impact on Teen Driver Skills

Standard driver education in the United States focuses on basic skills and the knowledge needed to pass licensure examinations. Newly licensed teen drivers are at high risk of crashes and death. To date, few interventions have addressed advanced driving skills that are not taught in typical driver education programs. We investigated the effect of a single day advanced driver training course on crash-avoidance skills. We enrolled 785 teens in a controlled quasi-experimental trial of advanced driver training (ADT: “intervention group”) versus a waitlist comparison group. The ADT consisted of 2 h of classroom education and repeated execution, with instruction and feedback, of four driving skill drills on a controlled, closed course. The comparison group performed each drill once per assessment, with only basic instruction. We measured their ability to successfully execute the driving skill drills (i.e., slalom, wet braking and steering, emergency lane change, and spin avoidance) on the day of the ADT and 3 to 6 months after the baseline skills assessment. The intervention group improved more than the comparison group, particularly in the spin avoidance skills, including spin avoidance, keeping the car on the course, and maintaining an appropriate speed during the drill. Further exploration of the ADT concept as an improvement to driver education and safety is warranted.
IMPACT OF ECONOMIC CRIME ON THE SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF THE STATE

Purpose. The purpose of the paper is to study the impact of criminal business activities on public order and stability of the country. Methodology. The methodological basis of the research is the theoretical and philosophical foundations of the origin of criminal business, its economic reasons, economic crime, competition, institutions. Practical Value. Depending on the scale of distribution and the volume of sales, drug trafficking is considered to be one of the most important areas of criminal activity. Criminality is a complex synthesis of legal, social, economic, political, psychological and other factors. The science of the mentioned phenomenon and its causes under the name of criminology was developed in the second half of the 19th century. However, the views were expressed by those who thought about it much earlier. The relevance of the topic. The scientific novelty of the research can be discussed in relation to the modern scientific and historical situation of the development of this research problem in the scientific community. Based on this, it is new to generalize, analyze and study the challenges of foreign economic security. It is important to reveal the mentioned trends and to develop recommendations in the direction of overcoming and perfecting the new challenges of economic security. Practical implications. There is no lack of relevant sources in the world scientific literature on specific research issues of criminal business. At the same time, in the modern stage of globalization, in today's changed conditions, it is important to comprehensively examine the domestic and foreign economic security priorities of the country. Expected results of the study. To reveal the modern trends and priorities of ensuring the internal and external economic security of the country, to identify the existing challenges and to determine the optimal ways of overcoming them.
Lean Supply Chain Operational Model Applied to Halal Education Industry

This paper aims to conceptually contribute to ideas about implementing Lean Supply Chain (LSC) approach in halal education industry as continuous improvement key for quality excellence to achieve sustainable competitive advantage. The method used for this conceptual paper is based from literature reviews from reputable journal articles. Halal education is literally a new concept in halal industry which defined as Islamic Education Service Provider (IESP) where in its supply chain consists of integrated business activities that giving services to the input (students) in order to have deliverable output (outcome, impact and benefits). Halal education takes Islamic value as the supreme and guiding tools in education processes. LSC operational model applied base on five lean principles in the supply chain: specifying value, identifying value stream, redesigning the process to eliminate waste, implementing and evaluating the updated processes and manage toward perfection. It was discovered that through the five principles of lean in supply chain, waste occurred in operational activities of IESP supply chain could be defined and eliminated. 7Ps chainpreneur, a new approach, consist of people, policy, performance, product, path, process and philosophy are linked and used as key quality excellence in halal education. LSC operational model could be applied to IESP industry which willing to improve the service quality and sustain in the industry by strengthening its brand with halal or Islamic value.
Becoming Reflective Practitioners: Gender GAP Analysis of Mathematics Student Teachers’ Reflective Practices

While reflective thinking practices are thought to be a factor in building bridges between a course of study and personal experience resulting in engaging and personalized learning activities, the present study examined the potential disparities in reflective thinking practices and how they influence preservice mathematics teachers' behavior. Underpinned by a positivist paradigm, the present study employed a quantitative research approach and a survey design. Data was collected from three hundred and fifty-nine mathematics student teachers who were preparing to become mathematics teachers once they had obtained a Bachelor of Education (B.Ed.) degree. Data collected was therefore analyzed through the use of descriptive statistics. Lifelong learning skills, self-assessment, self-belief, teaching awareness, and reflective thinking were all examined using a framework based on five components. Research findings revealed that while reflective thinking practices are often emphasized in teacher education programs, results clearly show that the process of reflective practices is conceptualized differently by female and male participants. Research findings also revealed that constructs such as lifelong learning skills, self-assessment ability, and teaching awareness have a more decisive influence on male participants than their female counterparts. This resulted in male participants having less perception of the usefulness of reflective thinking practices. Based on the findings, it was suggested that various support systems should be developed in mathematics teacher education programs to facilitate more independent and self-directed reflective thinking practices among both female and male mathematics students teachers. Keywords: Classroom Practices, Gender GAP, Reflective Thinking, Self-Belief, Teacher Education.
Height-DBH Growth Models of Major Tree Species in Chungcheong Province

Six commonly used non-linear growth functions were fitted to individual tree height-dbh data of eight major tree species measured by the National Forest Inventory in Chungcheong province. A total of 2,681 trees were collected from permanent sample plots across Chungcheong province. The available data for each species were randomly splitted into two sets: the majority (90%) was used to estimate model parameters and the remaining data (10%) were reserved to validate the models. The performance of the models was compared and evaluated by , RMSE, mean difference (MD), absolute mean difference (AMD) and mean difference(MD) for diameter classes. The combined data (100%) were used for final model fitting. The results showed that these six sigmoidal models were able to capture the height-diameter relationships and fit the data equally well, but produced different asymptote estimates. Sigmoidal growth models such as Chapman-Richards, Weibull functions provided the most satisfactory height predictions. The effect of model performance on stem volume estimation was also investigated. Tree volumes of different species were computed by the Forest Resources Evaluation and Prediction Program using observed range of diameter and the predicted tree total height from the six models. For trees with diameter less than 30 cm, the six height-dbh models produced very similar results for all species, while more differentiation among the models was observed for large-sized trees.
Institutional trust, risk and product safety: a consumer survey

Abstract This study aims to expand our understanding of institutional trust by examining how consumers express their trust in a UK product safety regulator, the Office for Product Safety and Standards (OPSS). It uses publicly available data from two waves of nationally representative surveys (N = 20,526) conducted by OPSS between November 2020 and August 2021. Questions were selected for analysis if they aligned with the organisation’s definition of a trusted regulator: protecting people and places, and empowering people to make good choices. Of the 211 survey items in Wave 1 and 150 in Wave 2, 42 pairs of questions were selected. Only nine of the 42 analyses were statistically significant, and of those only two were interpretable at a reliable statistical threshold (i.e. medium effect size threshold). The results are valuable in demonstrating how institutional trust may be affected by product safety-related behaviours, experiences, beliefs and attitudes concerning the risks to which consumers are potentially exposed. However, the general lack of reliable findings also highlights methodological challenges in the way official government surveys investigate institutional trust, risk, and general product safety issues on both a linguistic and conceptual level. By examining the survey results and the survey itself, we show how empirical and theoretical insights can inform government efforts to capture important phenomena.
Out of the box: the hidden impacts of urban consolidation and apartment living on households with children, and future implications: a Sydney case study

ABSTRACT This article examines the impacts of urban consolidation and apartment living on households with children in the contexts of housing choice and affordability, liveability, and children’s spontaneous outdoor play through a case study in the Lane Cove LGA, Sydney. It challenges ideals and planning presumptions built into urban consolidation, and the current approach to housing provision based on ‘housing targets’. The analysis is primarily derived from comparative qualitative resident interviews, supplemented by fieldwork and policy analysis. Findings suggest that urban consolidation in its current form effectively works against households with children directly and indirectly, with various flow-on effects. It is suggested a reframing is required, particularly in the context of housing diversity, in order to significantly improve outcomes for this household type.
Nonlinear dual-mode instability of planar liquid sheets

The nonlinear temporal instability of gas-surrounded planar liquid sheets, whose linear instability contains both sinuous and varicose modes, is studied. Both the weakly nonlinear analysis using a second-order perturbation expansion and the numerical simulation using a boundary integral method have been applied. Their comparison shows that the weakly nonlinear analysis can precisely predict the shapes of sheets for most of the time of disturbance evolution and qualitatively explain the instability mechanism when sheets break up. Both the first harmonics of the linear sinuous mode and linear varicose mode are varicose; they contribute to the breakup of sheets, but the first harmonic generated by the coupling between the linear sinuous and varicose modes is sinuous; it plays an important role in modulating the wave profile. The instability with various initial phase differences between the upper and lower interfaces is examined. Except for the varicose initial disturbance, the linear sinuous mode dominates in the shapes of sheets when their amplitudes grow large. Within the second-order analysis, the major modes that can cause the breakup include the linear varicose mode, the first harmonic of the linear sinuous mode and the first harmonic of the linear varicose mode. The effects of various flow parameters have been investigated. At relatively large wavenumbers where approximate analytical and numerical results agree well when sheets break up, increasing the wavenumber reduces the wave amplitude. Reducing the initial disturbance amplitude makes the first harmonic of the linear sinuous mode the dominant mode in causing the breakup. Increasing the Weber number or gas-to-liquid density ratio significantly reduces breakup time and enhances instability.
Data‐driven control for networked systems with multiple packet dropouts

This paper investigates data‐driven control for a class of networked control systems with multiple packet dropouts and unknown system parameters. Here, multiple packet dropouts occur randomly in the controller‐to‐actuator (C/A) and sensor‐to‐controller (S/C) channels, where successive packet dropouts are limited by known upper bounds. By introducing the summation inequality, a model‐based mean‐square asymptotic stability condition is established for the closed‐loop networked control system with the potential to migrate to a data‐driven solution. Then, the data‐driven mean‐square asymptotic stability condition for the closed‐loop system is presented by merging the model‐based stability condition with noisy data‐parameterized representations. On this basis, the data‐driven controller gain design approaches for combining unknown and known input gain matrices are presented in turn. Finally, two simulation examples are provided to show the applicability of the developed approaches.
The Influence of Consumer Purchases on Purchase-Related Happiness: A Serial Mediation of Commitment and Selective Information Processing

In the literature on material and experiential purchases, it has consistently been demonstrated that the relationship between the consumer’s purchase type and purchase-related happiness favors experiential purchases. This research aims to extend the literature by examining how experiential purchases lead to greater purchase-related happiness due to the individual’s processing of external information, especially in the online review context. An experiment was conducted to show that experiential purchases lead to greater commitment to decisions and a higher relative reliance on positive reviews (as opposed to negative reviews) than material purchases. The results of a serial mediation test indicate that such differences lead to greater purchase-related happiness. Based on these findings, we can deepen our understanding of the relationship between purchase type and purchase-related happiness from the perspective of information processing.
Features of slow waves and potentials for their nontraditional application

Features of slow electromagnetic waves and potentialities of their nontraditional use are considered. It is demonstrated that slowing down of a wave is accompanied by a proportional increase in the efficiency of interaction between the wave and the medium. In this case, due to the anisotropy of slow waves, it is possible to provide the optimum interaction with both high-conductivity and low-conductivity media. It is shown that the slowing factor of a wave increases many times if a positive magnetic coupling between impedance conductors placed in parallel is established. Examples of slow-wave systems used for microminiaturization of passive elements, for electromagnetic heating, measurements, and in agriculture and medicine are presented.
A Study of Higher Order Terms in Shallow Water Waves via Modified PLK Method

Abstract In this work, by utilizing the modified PLK (Poincare-Lighthill-Kou) method, we studied the propagation of weakly nonlinear waves in a shallow water theory and obtained the Korteweg-deVries (KdV) and the linearized KdV equations with non-homogeneous term as the governing equations of various order terms in the perturbation expansion. The result obtained here is exactly the same with that of Kodama and Taniuti [6], who employed the so-called “re-normalization method”. Seeking a progressive wave solution to these evolution equations we obtained the speed correction terms so as to remove some possible secularities. The result obtained here is consistent with the results of Demiray [12], wherein the modified reductive perturbation method had been utilized.