Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Implication of Different ECG Left Ventricular Hypertrophy in Patients Undergoing Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement

Background Various ECG criteria for left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) have been proposed, but their association with clinical outcomes in patients with severe aortic stenosis undergoing transcatheter aortic valve replacement is unknown. We investigated the prevalence of ECG LVH according to different criteria and its prognostic impact on clinical outcomes after transcatheter aortic valve replacement. Methods and Results In this prospective observational cohort, we evaluated 700 patients who underwent transcatheter aortic valve replacement between March 2010 and December 2019. Baseline preprocedural LVH was defined by 3 ECG criteria—Sokolow‐Lyon, Romhilt‐Estes, and Cornell voltage criteria. The primary outcome was major adverse cardiac or cerebrovascular event (MACCE; composite of death, myocardial infarction, stroke, or rehospitalization from cardiovascular cause); the key secondary outcome was all‐cause and cardiovascular mortality. Among 596 eligible patients, the prevalence of LVH was determined as 56.3% by Sokolow‐Lyon, 31.1% by Romhilt‐Estes, and 48.1% by Cornell criteria. Regardless of the criteria, patients with ECG LVH had more severe aortic stenosis hemodynamics and higher left ventricular mass index. After multivariate adjustment, the presence of LVH by the Cornell criteria was significantly associated with lower risks of MACCE (adjusted hazard ratio [HR], 0.68; 95% CI, 0.51–0.91; P=0.009), all‐cause mortality (adjusted HR, 0.55; 95% CI, 0.34–0.90 [P=0.017]), and cardiovascular mortality (adjusted HR, 0.40; 95% CI, 0.20–0.79 [P=0.008]). However, this association was absent with the Sokolow‐Lyon and Romhilt‐Estes criteria. Conclusions ECG LVH by Cornell criteria only was significantly associated with lower risks of MACCE and all‐cause or cardiovascular mortality. Registration URL: https://www.clinicaltrials. gov; Unique identifier: NCT03298178.
An up-to-date overview of the pharmacotherapeutic options for premature ejaculation

ABSTRACT Introduction Premature ejaculation (PE) is a sexual dysfunction of unknown etiology affecting a substantial number of males and deteriorating sexual health and quality of life of the patient and his partner. Treatment still remains challenging; however, pharmacotherapy is considered the mainstay of therapy with behavioral and psychosexual interventions being particularly important as adjudicate procedures, within the context of a holistic approach. Areas covered The authors review the literature on the available medications for PE, both officially registered and non-registered. Currently, only dapoxetine and an anesthetic spray containing lidocaine and prilocaine (Fortacin™) are officially approved, with the rest being used off-label. Herein, updated data regarding the efficacy and safety of the pharmaceutical agents are presented. Expert opinion On-demand dapoxetine is reportedly efficacious and safe in treating lifelong PE and is the first medication to be approved for this purpose. Fortacin has also shown considerable efficacy and may be reliably used on-demand. Phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors (PDE5Is) have been found to be effective in the treatment of PE and are therefore recommended either as monotherapy or combined with other therapies (i.e. dapoxetine). Adverse events of any therapy should be taken under consideration. Physicians should encourage patients to discuss their needs and expectations and grade any improvement of their condition with treatment.
Cemented unipolar or modular bipolar hemiarthroplasty for femoral neck fractures in elderly patients - which is better?

INTRODUCTION Hemiarthroplasty is considered to be the treatment of choice for femoral neck fractures in elderly, however there is no consensus to support the choice between unipolar or bipolar hemiarthroplasty. Several studies found that patients with bipolar hemiarthroplasty had a better outcome of pain, a higher rate of return to the pre-injury state, and a greater range of hip motion. Some studies have demonstrated equal hip functional outcome between unipolar and bipolar hemiarthroplasty, but unipolar hemiarthroplasty was favoured due to its lower cost. The purpose of this study was to compare the functional and radiological outcome of cemented unipolar vs modular bipolar hemiarthroplasty in displaced femoral neck fracture in elderly patient population. METHODS It is a prospective randomized study, with 44 patients in each group. Elderly Patients (>60 years of age) with traumatic displaced femoral neck fractures were included in the study. Cemented unipolar or modular bipolar hemiarthroplasty was performed in the respective patient groups using posterior or anterolateral approach. Functional outcome evaluation was done by Harris Hip Score and radiological outcome evaluation was done for acetabular erosion. The data was entered in MS EXCEL spread sheet and analysis was done using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20.0 (IBM, Chicago). RESULTS The mean age in the unipolar and bipolar group was 67.2 and 66.1 years respectively. The average follow-up period was 20.1 and 22.3 months in the unipolar and bipolar group respectively. Mean operating time was significantly more in the modular bipolar group (78.3 minutes) compared to the unipolar group (67.3 minutes). Two patients (4.5%) had acetabular erosion in each group. Mean Harris Hip score at 3 months follow-up was significantly higher (p value <0.05) in bipolar group (75.8±4.2) than the unipolar group (77.7±2.9). However, subsequent follow-ups at 6 months (80.9±2.8, 82.0±2.5, p value >0.05) 12 months (83.1±2.2, 83.2±1.2, p value >0.05) and 24 months (85.5±2.4, 85.2±2.8, p value >0.05) did not show any significant difference between the two groups. The incidence of general complications was 34% in bipolar and 20.4% in unipolar hemiarthroplasty group. CONCLUSION Functional outcome in terms of Harris Hip Score are better in the bipolar group at 3 months follow up but there was no significant difference in the functional outcome between the two groups at 6, 12 and 24 months follow up. The operative time for unipolar is lower and statistically significant compared to bipolar hemiarthroplasty of the hip.
Does growing atmospheric CO2 explain increasing carbon sink in a boreal coniferous forest?

The terrestrial net ecosystem productivity (NEP) has increased during the past three decades, but the mechanisms responsible are still unclear. We analyzed 17 years (2001–2017) of eddy‐covariance measurements of NEP, evapotranspiration (ET) and light and water use efficiency from a boreal coniferous forest in Southern Finland for trends and inter‐annual variability (IAV). The forest was a mean annual carbon sink (252 [ ± 42] gC m‐2 a‐1 ), and NEP increased at rate +6.4–7.0 gC m‐2 a‐1 (or ca. +2.5% a‐1 ) during the period. This was attributed to the increasing gross‐primary productivity GPP and occurred without detectable change in ET. The start of annual carbon uptake period was advanced by 0.7 d a‐1 , and increase in GPP and NEP outside the main growing season contributed ca. one‐third and one‐fourth of the annual trend, respectively. Meteorological factors were responsible for the IAV of fluxes but did not explain the long‐term trends. The growing season GPP trend was strongest in ample light during the peak growing season. Using a multi‐layer ecosystem model, we showed that direct CO2 fertilization effect diminishes when moving from leaf to ecosystem, and only 30–40% of the observed ecosystem GPP increase could be attributed to CO2 . The increasing trend in leaf‐area index (LAI), stimulated by forest thinning in 2002, was the main driver of the enhanced GPP and NEP of the mid‐rotation managed forest. It also compensated for the decrease of mean leaf stomatal conductance with increasing CO2 and LAI, explaining the apparent proportionality between observed GPP and CO2 trends. The results emphasize that attributing trends to their physical and physiological drivers is challenged by strong IAV, and uncertainty of LAI and species composition changes due to the dynamic flux footprint. The results enlighten the underlying mechanisms responsible for the increasing terrestrial carbon uptake in the boreal zone.
Degree of food processing and breast cancer risk in black urban women from Soweto, South African: the South African Breast Cancer study

Abstract This study aimed to investigate the association between consumption of ultra-processed foods, whole foods and breast cancer risk in black women from Soweto, South Africa. A population-based case (n 396)–control (n 396) study matched on age and residence, using data from the South African Breast Cancer study. Dietary intake was assessed using a validated quantified FFQ. Food items were categorised using the NOVA system ((1) unprocessed/minimally processed foods, (2) culinary ingredients, (3) processed foods and (4) ultra-processed foods). Conditional logistic regression models were used to estimate OR and 95 % CI of dietary contributions from each NOVA food group (as a percentage of total energy intake (EI)) and adjusting for potential confounders. Considering contributions to total EI per day, ultra-processed food consumption contributed to 44·8 % in cases and 47·9 % in controls, while unprocessed/minimally processed foods contributed to 38·8 % in cases and 35·2 % in controls. Unprocessed/minimally processed food consumption showed an inverse association with breast cancer risk overall (OR = 0·52, 95 % CI 0·35, 0·78), as well as in pre- and postmenopausal women separately (OR = 0·52, 95 % CI 0·27, 0·95 and OR = 0·55, 95 % CI 0·35, 0·89, respectively) and in women with progesterone positive breast cancer (OR = 0·23, 95 % CI 0·06, 0·86). There was no heterogeneity in association with breast cancer when analyses were stratified according to BMI. No significant associations were observed for the consumption of other NOVA food groups. Intake of unprocessed/minimally processed foods may reduce the risk of developing breast cancer in black women from Soweto, South Africa.
How does sperm apoptosis affect the outcome of intrauterine insemination and intracytoplasmic sperm injection?

Up to 20% of male infertility is caused by abnormal DNA organization of the sperm and anomalies of the sperm apoptosis. The aim of this study was to investigate the sperm DNA apoptosis and viability in patients undergoing intrauterine insemination (IUI) and intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI). In the second part of the analysis, sperm DNA apoptosis and viability were investigated in patients with oligozoospermia and normospermia respectively. A total of 45 IUI and 38 ICSI patients were included in this study. Annexin V analysis was performed to investigate the sperm viability, and TUNEL assay was used to evaluate the sperm DNA apoptosis. Further investigations using 12 oligozoospermia and 11 control samples for sperm viability and sperm DNA apoptosis at different incubation periods and temperatures were performed. The results of this study showed a negative correlation between the sperm DNA apoptosis in IUI patients, but no relationship was observed for the ICSI patients. The second part of this study showed that incubation of semen samples at 37°C for 3 h has detrimental effects on the sperm DNA integrity. In conclusion, the incubation of semen at high temperatures affects the sperm quality. The results of this study showed that these tests can be beneficial for the infertile couples to achieve pregnancy.
Injection-free multiwavelength electroluminescence devices based on monolayer semiconductors driven by an alternating field

Two-dimensional (2D) semiconductors have emerged as promising candidates for various optoelectronic devices especially electroluminescent (EL) devices. However, progress has been hampered by many challenges including metal contacts and injection, transport, and confinement of carriers due to small sizes of materials and the lack of proper double heterostructures. Here, we propose and demonstrate an alternative approach to conventional current injection devices. We take advantage of large exciton binding energies in 2D materials using impact generation of excitons through an alternating electric field, without requiring metal contacts to 2D materials. The conversion efficiency, defined as the ratio of the emitted photons to the preexisting carriers, can reach 16% at room temperature. In addition, we demonstrate the first multiwavelength 2D EL device, simultaneously operating at three wavelengths from red to near-infrared. Our approach provides an alternative to conventional current-based devices and could unleash the great potential of 2D materials for EL devices.
Rehabilitation of Cognitive Deficits Poststroke: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

Background: Despite the prevalence of cognitive impairment poststroke, there is uncertainty regarding interventions to improve cognitive function poststroke. This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluate the effectiveness of rehabilitation interventions across multiple domains of cognitive function. Methods: Five databases were searched from inception to August 2019. Eligible studies included randomized controlled trials of rehabilitation interventions for people with stroke when compared with other active interventions or standard care where cognitive function was an outcome. Results: Sixty-four randomized controlled trials (n=4005 participants) were included. Multiple component interventions improved general cognitive functioning (MD, 1.56 [95% CI, 0.69–2.43]) and memory (standardized MD, 0.49 [95% CI, 0.27–0.72]) compared with standard care. Physical activity interventions improved neglect (MD, 13.99 [95% CI, 12.67–15.32]) and balance (MD, 2.97 [95% CI, 0.71–5.23]) compared with active controls. Noninvasive brain stimulation impacted neglect (MD, 20.79 [95% CI, 14.53–27.04) and functional status (MD, 14.02 [95% CI, 8.41–19.62]) compared with active controls. Neither cognitive rehabilitation (MD, 0.37 [95% CI, −0.94 to 1.69]) nor occupational-based interventions (MD, 0.45 [95% CI, −1.33 to 2.23]) had a significant effect on cognitive function compared with standard care. Conclusions: There is some evidence to support multiple component interventions, physical activity interventions, and noninvasive brain stimulation improving cognitive function poststroke. Findings must be interpreted with caution given the overall moderate to high risk of bias, heterogeneity of interventions, and outcome measures across studies.
Gesture Recognition in Robotic Surgery With Multimodal Attention

Automatically recognising surgical gestures from surgical data is an important building block of automated activity recognition and analytics, technical skill assessment, intra-operative assistance and eventually robotic automation. The complexity of articulated instrument trajectories and the inherent variability due to surgical style and patient anatomy make analysis and fine-grained segmentation of surgical motion patterns from robot kinematics alone very difficult. Surgical video provides crucial information from the surgical site with context for the kinematic data and the interaction between the instruments and tissue. Yet sensor fusion between the robot data and surgical video stream is non-trivial because the data have different frequency, dimensions and discriminative capability. In this paper, we integrate multimodal attention mechanisms in a two-stream temporal convolutional network to compute relevance scores and weight kinematic and visual feature representations dynamically in time, aiming to aid multimodal network training and achieve effective sensor fusion. We report the results of our system on the JIGSAWS benchmark dataset and on a new in vivo dataset of suturing segments from robotic prostatectomy procedures. Our results are promising and obtain multimodal prediction sequences with higher accuracy and better temporal structure than corresponding unimodal solutions. Visualization of attention scores also gives physically interpretable insights on network understanding of strengths and weaknesses of each sensor.
COVID-19 vaccination coverage by immigrant background.

BACKGROUND High vaccination coverage against COVID-19 limits COVID-19-related infections, hospitalisations and deaths. Studies have shown varying vaccine willingness and vaccine coverage in different minority groups. This study investigates the vaccination coverage among persons with various immigration and country backgrounds in Norway. MATERIAL AND METHOD The study includes all persons over 18 years of age resident in Norway with a Norwegian national identity number. We used data from Beredt C19, the Norwegian emergency preparedness register for COVID-19, and investigated the association between vaccine status and immigrant and country background using logistic regression models, adjusted for income, education, sex, age, medical risk group and place of residence. RESULTS Foreign- and Norwegian-born persons with foreign-born parents had a lower COVID-19 vaccine coverage than those who were Norwegian-born with Norwegian-born parents. Vaccination coverage for different country backgrounds varied from around 45 % for persons from Latvia, Bulgaria, Poland, Romania and Lithuania to 92 % for persons from Vietnam, Thailand and Sri Lanka. Those in the former group had from 15 to 18 times (unadjusted) and from 8 to 11 times (adjusted) higher odds of not having been vaccinated as persons with a country background from Norway. INTERPRETATION There is considerable variation in COVID-19 vaccine coverage between different immigrant groups in Norway. The differences can be explained to some extent by income and education, but this does not explain the bulk of the observed differences. We cannot rule out the possibility that some differences are attributable to weaknesses in the registers.
Sex differences in the relationship between morningness-eveningness components, mood and well-being among Bangladeshi university students

ABSTRACT On the Morningness/Eveningness (M/E) continuum, eveningness has been related to mood disorder and poor well-being. M/E differs between men and women throughout their lifespan. However, there is a lack of information on sex differences in the relationship between M/E, mood, and well-being. This study aimed to test sex differences in the M/E, mood, and well-being relationship with consideration of two components of M/E, morning affect, and morning preference. A sample of 981 Bangladeshi university students (607 men) aged 18 to 27 (M = 21.95) completed Bangla versions of the Composite Scale of Morningness (CSM), BRUnel Mood Scale (BRUMS), and Positive Mental Health scale (PMH-scale) through an online survey. Multiple regression analyses were used to test the relationship of M/E components with mood and well-being. The results showed that the relationship between M/E, mood, and well-being was greater in women than in men. A lower score on both M/E components was related to higher negative moods (anger, confusion, depression, fatigue, and tension) and poor well-being. In regression analysis, only morning affect was found to be significant, which means that morning affect mainly contributes to the relation between M/E, mood, and well-being. Finally, sex by morning affect interaction indicated that the relation was higher for women. Therefore, higher eveningness could be more hazardous for women than men. Greater insight into the independent contribution of morning affect may facilitate understanding of the chronotype effects on psychological outcomes in men and women.
Utility of frailty as a predictor of acute kidney injury in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage

Introduction Acute kidney injury (AKI) is associated with poor outcome in aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage patients (aSAH). Frailty has recently been demonstrated to correlate with elevated mortality and morbidity; its impact on predicting AKI and mortality in aSAH patients has not been investigated. Objective Evaluating risk factors and predictors for AKI in aSAH patients. Methods aSAH patients from a single-center's prospectively maintained database were retrospectively evaluated for development of AKI within 14 days of admission. Baseline demographic and clinical characteristics were collected. The effect of frailty and other risk factors were evaluated. Results Of 213 aSAH patients, 53 (33.1%) were frail and 12 (5.6%) developed AKI. Admission serum creatinine (sCr) and peak sCr within 48 h were higher in frail patients. AKI patients showed a trend towards higher frailty. Mortality was significantly higher in AKI than non-AKI aSAH patients. Frailty was a poor predictor of AKI when controlling for Hunt and Hess (HH) grade or age. HH grade ≥ 4 strongly predicted AKI when controlling for frailty. Conclusion AKI in aSAH patients carries a poor prognosis. The HH grade appears to have superior utility as a predictor of AKI in aSAH patients than mFI.
Post-buckling and Stability Studies of Curved Stiffened Panels Subjected to an Axial Compression Load

Results obtained from experiments and approximate computations for 11 stiffened curved aluminum panels which are used for large-scale civil aviation plane airframe and subjected to an axial compression load,have been presented in this paper.Various damage modes of these panels were detailed explored.Three approximate computational methods including Limit Method,Johnson's Parabola Method and Euler-Engesser Method were applied for these panels.After comparing between the approximate computational and the experimental results,it reveals that the maximum post-buckling load is sensitively affected by the skin thickness,and especially by the cross-section area of stringers.In addition,the buckling stress is found to be influenced by the initial defection,whereas,the damage load of the considered structures is not sensitive to it.Comparing with experimental results,it is found that the Johnson's Parabola Method is more suitable for the discussed problem and leads more reasonable results.