Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
VIDÍŠ TÝM LEPŠIE, ČÍM BLIŽŠIE SA POZERÁŠ SLOVAK COMPARATIVE CORRELATIVE CC' CONSTRUCTIONS FROM A CONSTRUCTION GRAMMAR PERSPECTIVE

Abstract The Slovak Comparative Correlative (CC) construction has received little attention, although it is interesting regarding both its semantics and its form: As discussed in Horsch (2019), CCs are characterized by their complex symmetric (parallel change over time) and asymmetric (cause-effect) semantics, which are encoded in a biclausal structure in which each clause consists of a combination of fixed material and obligatory/optional slots. Typically, the first clause (C1) encodes a cause/protasis, and precedes the second clause (C2), which encodes an effect/apodosis: [čím bližšie sa pozeráš,]C1 [tým lepšie vidíš. ]C2 ‘the closer you look, the better you see. ’ However, there are also structures that retain the same meaning but in which C2 precedes C1 (often referred to as CC’): [Tým lepšie vidíš]C2 [čím bližšie sa pozeráš. ]C1. ‘You see the better, the closer you look. ’ Additionally, there is a variant in Slovak where the clause precedes the clause-initial element and comparative element: [Vidíš tým lepšie,]C2 [čím bližšie sa pozeráš. ]C1. Embedded in a Usage-based Construction Grammar approach, this is the first large-scale corpus study to investigate the C2C1 order in Slovak, and how semantics influences its formal properties. It is argued that both the significantly higher amount of C1C2 order in the corpus data and the significantly higher amount of C2C1 structures in which the clause precedes the comparative element in C2 can be explained with the principle of iconicity (linguistic form is influenced by the semantics of a construction), which makes certain strings easier to process and thus leads to performance preference. From a cross-linguistic perspective, the present investigation provides evidence in support of Goldberg’s Tenet #5 (2003, p. 219), which posits that cross-linguistic generalizations can be accounted for with general cognitive constraints.
Nesting Efectiveness of Red Mason Bee Osmia rufa (L.) in Reed Stalk Phragmites australis (Cav.)

Abstract The research enabled the optimal parameters of reed stalks Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud, to be determined and then be used for rearing red mason bees (Osmia rufa L.). During research conducted in 2015 and 2016, 3,293 reed stalks were occupied by red mason bees, and 19,461 nest cells were counted in the stalks, of which there were 16,222 non-parasitized larvae. The mean weight of one cocoon was 0.085 g. The mean length of the reed stalk occupied by the red mason bee was 169.45 mm, its mean diameter was 6.11 mm and the mean number of cells in the reed was 5.47. The mean length of the first cell, the vestibulum, was 38.38 mm. The mean degree of parasitism was 0.16. The length of the reed stalk positively correlated with the number of cells in the reed nest (r=0.543), vestibulum length (r=0.392) and cocoon mass (r=0.362) The diameter of the reed positively correlated with the mass of the cocoon (r=0.536), the number of cells in the reed (r=0.406) and vestibulum length (r=0.254). Correlation between degree of parasitatism and length, and diameter of the reed was insignificant. Reed stalks with a length of 150 to 200 mm and a diameter of 5–7 mm are recommended for the choice of red mason bee nesting material.
Tell me more! Assessing interactions with social robots from speech

Abstract As social robots are increasingly introduced into health interventions, one potential area where they might prove valuable is in supporting people’s psychological health through conversation. Given the importance of self-disclosure for psychological health, this study assessed the viability of using social robots for eliciting rich disclosures that identify needs and emotional states in human interaction partners. Three within-subject experiments were conducted with participants interacting with another person, a humanoid social robot, and a disembodied conversational agent (voice assistant). We performed a number of objective evaluations of disclosures to these three agents via speech content and voice analyses and also probed participants’ subjective evaluations of their disclosures to three agents. Our findings suggest that participants overall disclose more to humans than artificial agents, that agents’ embodiment influences disclosure quantity and quality, and that people are generally aware of differences in their personal disclosures to three agents studied here. Together, the findings set the stage for further investigation into the psychological underpinnings of self-disclosures to artificial agents and their potential role in eliciting disclosures as part of mental and physical health interventions.
Variation in the diet and breeding biology of the Common Barn-owl (Tyto alba) in a demographic cycle of Common Vole (Microtus arvalis) between two outbreaks×

Abstract In the present study, we analysed the variation of breeding parameters and the diet composition of the Common Barn-owl (Tyto alba) in three different demographic phases of the Common Vole (Microtus arvalis) in a complete population cycle between two outbreaks. The study was conducted in the south-eastern part of the Transdanubian region in South Hungary. For the analysis, we used data of 81 randomly selected first clutches from 2015 to 2019, a time period which represented a full demographic cycle of the Common Vole after the 2014 outbreak with an exceptionally high peak. We tested the impact of prey abundance and diversity of diet composition as continuous predictors as well as the demographic phase of Common Vole and the mesoregion as categorical explanatory variables on the measured reproductive outputs as response variables using Generalized Linear Models (GLM). Considering the breeding parameters, the number of fledglings, and fledging and reproductive success were significantly higher in the increase phase than during the vole crash phase. Based on GLM models, our results demonstrated that the clutch size of the Common Barn-owl is determined ultimately by the availability and consumption rate of the Common Vole as main prey, while other small mammal prey categories did not affect the clutch size. These results support the finding that the clutch size of vole-eating raptors and owls, which begin breeding periods in early spring predicts the vole abundance in this early spring period. Considering the other investigated small mammal prey groups, the alternative prey role was confirmed only in case of the Murid rodent prey categories (Apodemus spp., Muridae).
Town avenues as flight corridors for Long-eared Owls (Asio otus)×

Abstract During winter, Long-eared Owls (Asio otus) usually roost in groups in urban areas, but their nocturnal movement patterns are less known. The aim of our study is to provide insight into the local-scale urban movement habits of Long-eared Owls. Our study was carried out between 2015 and 2019 in the autumn and winter period, by observations in the early evening and by ringing and recapture of owls in the town of Sombor (NE Serbia). We observed owls when leaving the roosting site located in the town centre following the greenery of the larger avenues towards the outskirts. Owls were sporadically observed in densely built areas of the town, narrow streets with less greenery. Ringing and recapture data suggest that owls were closely linked to the green corridors. They probably used these corridors for easier orientation and to prey on birds roosting in trees in the town, such as sparrows (Passer domesticus, P. montanus), Common Blackbirds (Turdus merula) or Fieldfares (T. pilaris) appearing in harsh winters, and sometimes also pigeons.
Islamophobic Discourse of Czech Politicians and Political Parties on Twitter during the 2015 Migration Crisis

Abstract This article focuses on the manifestations of Islamophobia of Czech politicians and political parties on the social networking service Twitter during the 2015 migration crisis. It utilizes the securitization theory of Copenhagen school as a theoretical framework, and through content analysis of relevant tweets aims to provide more data on what role Islamophobia played in the securitization of incoming migrants. We find that although securitization, and much more politicization, of migrants took place, obvious Islamophobia, similar to the one of the Czech Islamophobic movement, happened only in some cases. A number of those politicians who politicized or migrants and Islam usually raised their voices against radical Islamophobes.
Assessment of dental anxiety and the prevalence of dental caries in a group of 6-9 years old children.

Abstract Children`s dental anxiety is responsible for increasing dental health problems, as patients avoid seeking treatment. The aim of our study was to evaluate the level of dental anxiety and its correlation with dental health status in a group of children aged between 6-9 years. Material and Methods. Our study included 56 children: first, they completed a questionnaire and then the decay-missing-filled teeth index was measured (DMFT). Results. From a total of 59 children, 29 children had dental anxiety (51.78%) and the prevalence of caries was 69%. The mean and SD for the DMFT index was 1.76+/- 1.54 (2.04 +/- 1.98 for boys and 1.69 +/- 1.72 for girls, with p= 0.0391, p<0.05). In conclusion, the level of dental anxiety can be reduced by frequent visits to the dental office. A favorable personal experience might help children increasing their confidence for dental treatment. There was a significant negative association between the value of filled teeth and the level of child's anxiety.
Crystal structure of carbonyl(2-oxopyridin-1(2H)-olato-k2O,O′)(triphenylarsine-κAs)rhodium(I), C24H19AsNO3Rh

Abstract C24H19AsNO3Rh, triclinic, P1‾$‾{1}$ (no. 2), a = 9.1358(5) Å, b = 9.6478(6) Å, c = 12.4509(7) Å, α = 92.303(2)°, β = 106.281(2)°, γ = 99.137(2)°, V = 1035.89(1) Å3, Z = 2, Rgt(F) = 0.0336, wRref(F2) = 0.0900, T = 100 K.
A meta-analysis of genotype × environment interaction on sugar beet performance

Summary The evaluation of sugar beet genotypes under different climate conditions is a principal goal of breeding programs. In most studies, environment has a high influence on the qualitative and quantitative traits of sugar beet. Therefore, data collected from different environments may contribute to more accurate genotype selection. In this study, the effect of different environments on sugar beet genotypes’ performance was evaluated using a meta-analysis method based on Hedges’ technique. Data were collected from 149 trials conducted in twelve regions in Iran over 15 years (2003–18). For all trials, the value of the traits was weighted, and subsequently the effect size, reaction ratio and confidence interval were estimated. Among the studied environments, Khoy had a positive effect on root yield, sugar content, sugar yield and white sugar yield. As could be expected, the effect of environment on final yield formation was high, so that the Shiraz environment had a negative effect on root yield and sugar yield. Overall, the ranking of environments based on the meta-analysis results was quite different from that obtained by comparison of mean results.
Enhanced Antibacterial Activity of Nanocrystalline ZnO Due to Increased ROS‐Mediated Cell Injury

An innovative study aimed at understanding the influence of the particle size of ZnO (from the microscale down to the nanoscale) on its antibacterial effect is reported herein. The antibacterial activity of ZnO has been found to be due to a reaction of the ZnO surface with water. Electron‐spin resonance measurements reveal that aqueous suspensions of small nanoparticles of ZnO produce increased levels of reactive oxygen species, namely hydroxyl radicals. Interestingly, a remarkable enhancement of the oxidative stress, beyond the level yielded by the ZnO itself, is detected following the antibacterial treatment. Likewise, an exposure of bacteria to the small ZnO nanoparticles results in an increased cellular internalization of the nanoparticles and bacterial cell damage. An examination of the antibacterial effect is performed on two bacterial species: Escherichia coli (Gram negative) and Staphylococcus aureus (Gram positive). The nanocrystalline particles of ZnO are synthesized using ultrasonic irradiation, and the particle sizes are controlled using different solvents during the sonication process. Taken as a whole, it is apparent that the unique properties (i.e., small size and corresponding large specific surface area) of small nanometer‐scale ZnO particles impose several effects that govern its antibacterial action. These effects are size dependent and do not exist in the range of microscale particles.
Effects of Sintering Temperature on the Dielectric and Piezoelectric Properties of Nb-Doped PZT Ceramics and Their Applications

The PZT-based ceramics with a composition of Pb1 − 0.5x (Zr0.52Ti0.48)1 − x Nb x O3; x = 0.04–0.06 were prepared by conventional mixed-oxide method, with sintering temperature at 1200°–1300° for 2 hours. Microstructural and compositional analyses of the PZT-based ceramics have been carried out using XRD and SEM. The dielectric constant measured at 1 kHz is about 1500 and the loss factor is small than 2%. The maximum planar electromechanical coupling coefficient, k p , is 0.59. It showed that the Nb additives were helpful improve both of the dielectric and piezoelectric properties. Surface acoustic wave (SAW) filters were fabricated and the property, phase velocity, were measured.
The photochemical reduction of divalent mercury and methyl‐mercury

Abstract In this paper, the photochemical transformation of divalent mercury ions and methyl‐mercury in water solutions was studied under simulated sunlight in a laboratory setting. The results indicated that the Hg2+ in solution can be reduced to Hg0 under irradiation, which was subsequently released to gaseous phase. Natural organic matter, such as fulvic acid (FA), can influence the reduction of Hg2+. The reduction rate of Hg2+ in the presence of FA was enhanced in the initial period. Methyl‐mercury can also be photochemically reduced to gaseous Hg0. Both the irradiation and FA can greatly accelerate the transformation process in solution. This study was of significance in understanding the transformation of divalent mercury and methyl‐mercury at the water‐atmosphere interface.
Superior Temperature Performance of 1.3 μm AlGaInAs‐Based Semiconductor Lasers Investigated at High Pressure and Low Temperature

AlGaInAs-based 1.3 μm lasers exhibit a reduced temperature sensitivity of the threshold current, I th , when compared with conventional InGaAsP-based devices. We have investigated this improvement both experimentally and theoretically. We observe that I th increases with increasing pressure in the AlGaInAs devices which we attribute to the dominance of radiative recombination. In contrast, a decrcase of I th with pressure is observed in InGaAsP devices which we attribute to a large non-radiative Auger current, I Aug , which decreases with increasing band gap. From these measurements taken together with temperature dependence studies we conclude that I Aug accounts for ∼50% I th in InGaAsP devices, hut it amounts to < 30% I th in the AlGaInAs lasers leading to a lower temperature dependence of I th . Theoretical calculations suggest that this reduction in I Aug in AlGaInAs is a direct consequence of the larger conduction band offset leading to improved electron confinement and a reduced quantum well hole concentration at threshold, p QW , and hence a reduced CHSH Auger process.
Processing conditions and milling yield in parboiling of rice.

Rate of absorption of water by paddy (rough rice) increases with. the temperature, but is relatively low below the gelatinization point; beyond this point, the grain absorbs water rapidly, preferentially on its surface layers, leading to early bursting and leaching. Hence for best efficiency, soaking for parboiling should be done slightly below the gelatinization point, or, more conveniently, by storting at 70° to 75° C. and allowing natural cooling. Milling quality of parboiled paddy depends on severity of heat treatment during parboil· ing and conditions of drying; the more severe the heat treatment, the better it is able to withstand adverse drying. Insufficient sooking leads to increased breakage. Simple soaking of paddy at or above 70 0 C. also improves milling quality. Rate of hydration of paddy as well as improvement in its milling yield by parboiling shows varietal difference.
Spin transfer switching in dual MgO magnetic tunnel junctions

Dual magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ) structures consisting of two MgO insulating barriers of different resistances, two pinned reference layers aligned antiparallel to one another, and a free layer embedded between the two insulating barriers have been developed. The electron transport and spin dependent resistances in the dual MTJ structures are accounted for by sequential tunneling with some spin-flip relaxation in the central electrode (the free layer). With a tunneling magnetoresistance ratio of 70%, a switching current density Jc (at 30ms) of 0.52MA∕cm2 is obtained, corresponding to an intrinsic value of Jc0 (at 1ns) of 1.0MA∕cm2. This value of Jc0 is 2–3 times smaller than that of a single MgO insulating barrier MTJ structure and results from improvements in the spin-transfer torque efficiency. The asymmetry between JcAP→P and JcP→AP is significantly improved, which widens the read-write margin for memory device design. In addition, the experimental results show that the switching current density can.
GaN growth on LiNbO3 (0001) – a first‐principles simulation

The growth of GaN on the LiNbO3 (0001) surface is simulated by means of first-principles total-energy calculations. Firstly the adsorption of single N and Ga monolayers is investigated and then the layer-by-layer growth of GaN on the polar substrate within different orientations is modeled. While adsorbing a N layer does not heavily affect the substrate morphology, the adsorption of a Ga layer causes a rearrangement of the atomic structure. Furthermore the N layer is more strongly bound to the substrate than the Ga layer. On the basis of our results, we propose a microscopic model for the GaN/LiNbO3 interface. The GaN and LiNbO3 (0001) planes are parallel, but rotated by 30° each other, with in-plane epitaxial relationship [100]GaN II [110]. In this way the (0001) calculated in-plane lattice mismatch between GaN and LiNbO3 is minimal and equal to 6.79% of the GaN lattice constant. (© 2010 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Innovation of Hydrocarbon Oxidation with Molecular Oxygen and Related Reactions

An innovation of the aerobic oxidation of hydrocarbons through catalytic carbon radical generation under mild conditions was achieved by using N-hydroxyphthalimide (NHPI) as a key compound. Alkanes were successfully oxidized with O2 or air to valuable oxygen-containing compounds such as alcohols, ketones, and dicarboxylic acids by the combined catalytic system of NHPI and a transition metal such as Co or Mn. The NHPI-catalyzed oxidation of alkylbenzenes with dioxygen could be performed even under normal temperature and pressure of dioxygen. Xylenes and methylpyridines were also converted into phthalic acids and pyridinecarboxylic acids, respectively, in good yields. The present oxidation method was extended to the selective transformations of alcohols to carbonyl compounds and of alkynes to ynones. The epoxidation of alkenes using hydroperoxides or H2O2 generated in situ from hydrocarbons or alcohols and O 2 under the influence of the NHPI was demonstrated and seems to be a useful strategy for industrial applications. The NHPI method is applicable to a wide variety of organic syntheses via carbon radical intermediates. The catalytic carboxylation of alkanes was accomplished by the use of CO and O2 in the presence of NHPI. In addition, the reactions of alkanes with NO2 and SO2 catalyzed by NHPI provided efficient methods for the synthesis of nitroalkanes and sulfonic acids, respectively. A catalytic carbon-carbon bond forming reaction was achieved by allowing carbon radicals generated in situ from alkanes or alcohols to react with alkenes under mild conditions. 1 Introduction 2 Discovery of NHPI as Carbon Radical Producing Catalyst from Alkanes 2.1 Historical Background 2.2 Catalysis of NHPI in Aerobic Oxidation 3 NHPI-Catalyzed Aerobic Oxidation 3.1 Oxidation of Benzylic Compounds 3.2 Alkane Oxidations with Molecular Oxygen 3.3 Oxidation of Alkylbenzenes 3.4 Practical Oxidation of Methylpyridines 3.5 Preparation of Acetylenic Ketones via Alkyne Oxidation 3.6 Oxidation of Alcohols 3.7 Selective Oxidation of Sulfides to Sulfoxides 3.8 Production of Hydrogen Peroxide by Aerobic Oxidation of Alcohols 3.9 Epoxidation of Alkenes using Molecular Oxygen as Terminal Oxidant 4 Carboxylation of Alkanes with CO and O2 5 Utilization of NOx in Organic Synthesis 5.1 First Catalytic Nitration of Alkanes using NO2 5.2 Reaction of NO with Organic Compounds 6 Sulfoxidation of Alkanes Catalyzed by Vanadium 7 Carbon-Carbon Bond Forming Reaction via Catalytic Carbon Radicals Generated from Various Organic Compounds Assisted by NHPI 7.1 Oxyalkylation of Alkenes with Alkanes and Dioxygen 7.2 Synthesis of α-Hydroxy-γ-lactones by Addition of α-Hydroxy Carbon Radicals to Unsaturated Esters 7.3 Hydroxyacylation of Alkenes using 1,3-Dioxolanes and Dioxygen 8 Conclusions
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Study of the Protolysis of Trimethylammonium Ion in Aqueous Solution—Order of the Reaction with Respect to Solvent

It was found previously that the proton‐transfer reaction between trimethylammonium ion and trimethylamine in aqueous solution takes place via water. In the present investigation the number of water molecules involved in this reaction was determined. Proton exchange rates were determined from NMR measurements in trimethylamine—trimethylammonium chloride buffer solutions in O17‐enriched water. It is concluded that one water molecule is involved in the transfer reaction.In the appendix, theoretical equations are derived for the dependence of the observed spin‐echo decay rate on the 180° pulse rate for the case of fast exchange.
The Sialons MLn[Si4−xAlxOxN7−x] with M = Eu, Sr, Ba and Ln = Ho‐Yb – Twelve Substitution Variants with the MYb[Si4N7] Structure Type

The oxonitridoalumosilicates (so-called sialons) MLn[Si4−xAlxOxN7−x] with M = Eu, Sr, Ba and Ln =Ho, Er, Tm, Yb were obtained by the reaction of the respective lanthanoid metal, the alkaline earth carbonates or europium carbonate, resp. , AlN, “Si(NH)2” and MCl2 as a flux in a radiofrequency furnace at temperatures around 2100 °C. The compounds MLn[Si4−xAlxOxN7−x] are relevant for the investigation of substitutional effects on the materials properties due to their ability of tolerating a comparatively large phase width up to x ≈ 2.0(5). The crystal structures of the twelve compounds were refined from X-ray single crystal data and X-ray powder data and are found to be isotypic to the MYb[Si4N7] structure type. The compounds crystallize in space group P63mc (no. 186, hexagonal) and are made up of chains of so-called starlike units [N[4](SiN3)4] or [N[4]((Si,Al)(O,N)3)4], respectively. These units are formed by four (Si,Al)(N/O)4 tetrahedra sharing a common central nitrogen atom. The structure refinement was performed utilizing an O/N-distribution model according to Paulings rules, i.e. nitrogen was positioned on the four-fold bridging site and nitrogen and oxygen were distributed equally on both of the two-fold bridging sites, resulting in charge neutrality of the compound. The Si and Al atoms were distributed equally on their two crystallographic sites, referring to their elemental proportion in the compound, due to being poorly distinguishable by X-ray methods. The chemical compositions of the compounds were derived from electron probe micro analyses (EPMA).