Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Geodetic evidence for conjugate faulting during the 1988 Tennant Creek, Australia earthquake sequence

SUMMARY Repeat levelling measurements and detailed topographic profiles from the epicentral area of the 1988 January 22 Tennant Creek, Australia earthquakes are used to constrain the geometry of faulting associated with three M 6+ earthquakes. The observed elevation changes are modelled assuming elastic deformation and uniform slip on several faults. The vertical deformation data are poorly fit by a single-fault model, and require at least three distinct faults. In the preferred model, two faults on either end of the zone of surface rupture have similar orientations, but the central fault has an orientation conjugate to the flanking faults. This interpretation is consistent with the identification of the fault planes with well-defined, dipping zones of aftershock hypocentres determined with data from portable seismograph arrays. It is also consistent with the sense of surficial deformation documented by 75 topographic profiles across the scarps. However, a fourth fault associated with possible conjugate faulting in the central fault segment at the time of the second main shock is not required by the levelling data.
Coupling between external and internal mass transfer during drying of a porous medium

We present a pore‐network model for drying processes in porous media that couples convective‐diffusive mass transfer over the external surface of a porous medium with mass transport mechanisms within the porous material, namely, the flow through liquid films that form at the pore walls and diffusion of the liquid vapors through the dry pores. We study the effects of the external boundary layer thickness, a film‐based capillary number, and the Peclet number of the purge gas that flows over the porous medium surface on the shape of the drying curves and the overall recovery times. We show that the drying rate remains practically constant, as long as the liquid films span across the entire pore network and provide hydraulic connectivity between the bulk liquid front and the product surface. This condition is satisfied when the drying process is controlled by the external mass transfer over the porous medium surface, rather than mass transport (through films and diffusion) within the porous material, e.g., for large values of the boundary layer thickness and small values of the film‐based capillary number. Our results explain previously reported experimental findings and provide a rigorous explanation of the experimentally reported constant‐rate period.
Ice shelf tidal motion derived from ERS altimetry

[1] Ocean tides beneath floating ice shelves can affect heat and water circulations within the subshelf cavity, which may influence patterns of basal melting. Accurate tidal predictions are essential to eliminate vertical tide motions when mapping the flow speeds and thickness changes of floating ice. Global ocean tide solutions are typically accurate to 2–3 cm in amplitude. However, their coarse resolution limits their utility in coastal regions. Moreover, the absence of satellite and extensive gauge station data in the polar regions has resulted in significant differences between recent tide model solutions around the Antarctic continent. We use 9 years of high-resolution European Remote Sensing (ERS) satellite radar altimeter range measurements and a modified form of the orthotide method to generate tidal solutions for a series of ice shelves around the Antarctic Peninsula. We compare our tidal solution at George VI Ice Shelf on the western coast of the Antarctic Peninsula to direct measurements from British Antarctic Survey tide gauge records and contrast the results with solutions from the FES99 and Kantha2.0 (global) and the CATS01.02 (Antarctic) ocean tide models. The average root mean square vector difference between the tide gauge and tide model predictions of amplitude and phase was 10.9, 17.1, 4.2, and 15.4 cm for the ERS ice shelf, Kantha2.0, CATS01.02, and FES99 models, respectively. Tidal predictions derived from the ERS ice shelf model are closer to the tide gauge recordings than those of the global models, and the inclusion of ERS altimeter data may lead to improved global model performance.
Zinc Requirement during Meiosis I–meiosis Ii Transition in Mouse Oocytes Is Independent of the Mos-mapk Pathway

Short title: Zinc insufficiency disrupts meiotic cell cycle Summary Sentence: Transition from the first meiotic division to meiosis II arrest in mouse oocytes requires zinc; although the phenotype of zinc insufficient oocytes resembles that of MOS-null oocytes, this defect cannot be attributed impaired MOS pathway signaling. ABSTRACT Zinc is essential for many biological processes, including proper functioning of gametes. We recently reported that zinc levels rise by over 50% during oocyte maturation and that attenuation of zinc availability during this period could be achieved using the membrane permeable heavy metal chelator
A modified monthly degree‐day model for evaluating glacier runoff changes in China. Part I: model development

The retreat of mountain glaciers and ice caps has dominated the rise in global sea level and is likely to remain an import component of eustatic sea‐level rise in the 21st century. Mountain glaciers are critical in supplying freshwater to populations inhabiting the valleys downstream who heavily rely on glacier runoff, such as arid and semi‐arid regions of western China. Owing to recent climate warming and the consequent rapid retreat of many glaciers, it is essential to evaluate the long‐term change in glacier melt water production, especially when considering the glacier area change. This paper describes the structure, principles and parameters of a modified monthly degree‐day model considering glacier area variation. Water balances in different elevation bands are calculated with full consideration of the monthly precipitation gradient and air temperature lapse rate. The degree‐day factors for ice and snow are tuned by comparing simulated variables to observation data for the same period, such as mass balance, equilibrium line altitude and glacier runoff depth. The glacier area–volume scaling factor is calibrated with the observed glacier area change monitored by remote sensing data of seven sub‐basins of the Tarim interior basin. Based on meteorological data, the glacier area, mass balance and runoff are estimated. The model can be used to evaluate the long‐term changes of melt water in all glacierized basins of western China, especially for those with limited observation data. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Mobile Phone-Based Intervention to Improve Mental Health Among Homeless Young Adults: Pilot Feasibility Trial.

Background: Youth experiencing housing instability have higher rates of mental health problems than their housed peers. Few studies have evaluated technological resources for homeless youth to determine how to effectively engage and reach them. Objective: The primary aims of this pilot study were to establish the feasibility (as measured by phone retention rates) and acceptability (ie, participant ratings of resources) of delivering automated mental health resources via smartphone technology. Methods: Youth aged 16 to 25 years (N=100) were recruited through homeless shelter agencies in the Chicago metropolitan area. Eligible participants completed a baseline assessment and received a smartphone with a 3-month data plan. The phone was preloaded with several apps designed to promote mental health wellness and provide real-time resources. One app specifically designed for this study, Pocket Helper 2.0, sent participants daily surveys and tips via push notification. The tips focused on coping and motivation, and the surveys assessed mood. This app also included an automated self-help system with brief cognitive behavioral interventions (5-10 min) and access to several interactive mobile tools, including a crisis text line, a telephone hotline, a crowd-based emotional support tool, and an app providing up-to-date information on social service and mental health resources for homeless youth in Chicago.
Influence of rift basin geometry on the subsequent postrift sedimentation and basin inversion: The Organyà Basin and the Bóixols thrust sheet (south central Pyrenees)

The extensional period in the Bay of Biscay‐Pyrenean domain during the Early Cretaceous influenced subsequent Upper Cretaceous contractional Alpine structures of the Pyrenean orogen. In the Pyrenees, the Lower Cretaceous rift system shows en echelon geometries for different basins, with the Organyà Basin being one of the most important. This basin is located in the southern central Pyrenees, and the inversion of its W‐E southern margin has been related to the development of the Bóixols thrust sheet, the northernmost of the south Pyrenean thrust sheets. Detailed interpretation of outcrop and seismic reflection data has revealed the presence of a NNW‐SSE trending relay area, which corresponds to the western boundary of the Organyà Basin. The postrift facies belts parallel this boundary. The geometry of the contractional structures shows related variations such as changes in the structural relief and the plunge and the wavelength across this relay area. The synorogenic sediments also show characteristic thickness variations and onlap geometries perpendicular to thrust‐transport direction. These evidences highlight the presence of this extensional margin and corroborate its influence in the subsequent stages of the evolution of the area. Seismic, well, and field data have been incorporated into a 3‐D structural model in order to better understand the 3‐D geometry of the study area.
The Loch Lomond advance in the Cairngorm Mountains

Abstract The limits of seventeen glaciers that developed in the Cairngorms during the Loch Lomond Stadial are mapped using end moraines, boulder limits, hummocky moraine and other evidence. The sizes, distribution and altitudes of the glaciers (along with other factors) and the absence of glaciers from some localities where they might have been expected to occur indicate that the principal snowfalls were associated with winds from southerly points (probably from south‐east) and that south‐west winds were important in transferring snow to some glaciers. It is inferred that snowfall diminished towards the north and north‐west. Protalus ramparts, other boulder deposits associated with former snow beds, and fossil rock glaciers are described and discussed.
Prioritizing Actionable Steps to Decrease the Incidence of Early Age Colorectal Cancer

E arly age onset colorectal cancer (EAO CRC) is an undeniable health priority that must be addressed on an international scale; data has indicated that those who were born in the 1990s have twice the risk of colon cancer and 4 times the risk of rectal cancer than adults born in the 1950s. In 2018, the American Cancer Society (ACS) lowered their screening guidelines to age 45 from 50 based on modeling studies conducted, as the rates of CRC among 45-year-olds are comparable with those among 50-yearolds in 1993. Current strategies for medical management and screening for those under age 50 exist for those who are at increased or high risk. Within this population, screening rates are <40% for those that are 40–49 years old, and even lower for those who are <40. Based on a study published in July 2019, on average 294 days passed between initial symptoms and diagnosis for young patients with CRC, suggesting the need for greater awareness in the patient and provider community. As a national advocacy organization, Fight Colorectal Cancer (Fight CRC) is actively tracking trends in CRC diagnoses and prevention. Fight CRC has identified EAO as a priority area to take action to help advance initiatives addressing this trend. In February of 2019, Fight CRC hosted a working meeting to explore research strategies to address the etiology of EAO, which was published in Gastroenterology in August of 2019 (https:// www.gastrojournal.org/article/S00165085(19)40882-2/fulltext). Part of the call to action from this meeting was a request for Fight CRC to convene an EAO working group of professionals to meet frequently to progress the agenda (independent calls/gathering and at large professional meetings). Since the initial February meeting, Fight CRC has engaged the policy and funding community regarding research initiatives and the outcomes of the meeting have spurred interest in furthering research support. However, how and where to place priority to reduce EAO incidence is a big question. The questions is, “If every priority is equal, what should the research, medical, and advocacy communities prioritize to address EAO CRC with what we know and what we do not know, and what are the opportunities to move this work ahead? ” To address these different factors, members of Fight CRC’s Health Promotion team, with support from staff at the University of Colorado Cancer Center facilitated 4 nominal group technique (NGT) sessions in the summer of 2019 with members of the Early Age Onset Working Group. The NGT was selected over a traditional focus group method as a way to elicit equal involvement from participants. The NGT, as explained by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, is an efficient method used to prioritize topics and to have weighted feedback from the group. The sessions were conducted online via Zoom technology to give opportunity for international participation.
Late Quaternary Lake-Level Record from Northern Eurasia

Abstract Lake records from northern Eurasia show regionally coherent patterns of changes during the late Quaternary. Lakes peripheral to the Scandinavian ice sheet were lower than those today but lakes in the Mediterranean zone were high at the glacial maximum, reflecting the dominance of glacial anticyclonic conditions in northern Europe and a southward shift of the Westerlies. The influence of the glacial anticyclonic circulation attenuated through the late glacial period, and the Westerlies gradually shifted northward, such that drier conditions south of the ice sheet were confined to a progressively narrower zone and the Mediterranean became drier. The early Holocene shows a gradual shift to conditions wetter than present in central Asia, associated with the expanded Asian monsoon, and in the Mediterranean, in response to local, monsoon-type circulation. There is no evidence of mid-continental aridity in northern Eurasia during the mid-Holocene. In contrast, the circum-Baltic region was drier, reflecting the increased incidence of blocking anticyclones centered on Scandinavia in summer. There is a gradual transition to modern conditions after ca. 5000 yr B.P. Although these broad-scale patterns are interrupted by shorter term fluctuations, the long-term trends in lake behavior show a clear response to changes in insolation and glaciation.
The flushing of pollution from recreational boating in tidal embayments with application to Great Salt Pond on Block Island

Pollution loading from recreational boating has been gleaned from seasonal boat count data, published results of pollutant releases from marine engines, and boat type and size distributions from marine association data. These loading functions have then been used in the single-basin MSB model of pollution-flushing, a systems-dynamic model written in Stella (Stella is a product of ISEE Systems, Inc., formerly High Performance Systems of Hanover, New Hampshire, USA), which has been validated in tank tests and in a specific application to Great Salt Pond on Block Island. The results of the present study allow the concentration of various aqueous pollutants associated with the propulsion component of recreational boating to be computed in well-mixed tidal embayments.
New data on the Dromaeosauridae (Dinosauria: Theropoda) from the Late Cretaceous of southern France

Since the first discovery of dromaeosaurid remains from the Late Cretaceous of southern France, two genera and species, Variraptor mechinorum Le Loeuff & Buffetaut, 1998, and Pyroraptor olympius Allain & Taquet, 2000, have been erected. Their validity and possible synonymy have been debated. New remains of Dromaeosauridae from Late Campanian – Early Maastrichtian localities near Cruzy (Herault) and Fox-Amphoux (Var) are described. A sacrum from Herault is remarkably comparable to that of Variraptor . An ilium from Fox-Amphoux and the holotype sacrum of Variraptor mechinorum probably belong to the same individual. Shared elements between Variraptor and Pyroraptor do not show any diagnostic characters. The question of the synonymy between Variraptor and Pyroraptor is still unresolved on the basis of these new specimens. Nevertheless, the available evidence suggests that these two species may be valid. The specimens from Cruzy suggest that faunal interchange between Europe and Asia lasted longer than that between Europe and North America, and that European dromaeosaurids evolved on their own during the Late Cretaceous isolation of Europe.
Seismic wave propagation in media with interconnected cracks and pores

The effects of movement of interstitial fluids within a cracked solid are examined. We consider two distinct mechanisms: flow through connections between otherwise isolated cracks, and diffusion into a porous matrix material (Hudson, Liu & Crampin 1996). These models are used to obtain the overall effective elastic constants for a medium whose parameters are considered geologically realistic. We determine the phase velocities and attenuations for seismic waves passing through such a rock and analyse their dependence on the permeability and the background porosity. We find that the properties of and waves are very sensitive to the transport of fluids through interconnected pathways. The limit of zero flow is equivalent to isolated fluidfilled cracks, the opposite extreme of free flow is that of dry or gas-filled cracks. The transitional behaviour which is observed occurs over a range of permeabilities that encompasses those of most oil and gas bearing lithologies. The introduction of fluid flow causes Pwaves to travel slower in the direction across the cracks than parallel to them, as expected intuitively. There is also a marked increase in the attenuation from negligible values to the order of 1. Similar effects arise from the introduction of an equant porosity.
Influence of benchmarking on wilderness visitor and manager perceptions of campsite conditions

The purpose of this study was to compare visitor and manager perceptions of how heavily impacted wilderness campsites and restoration activities to restore them influence quality of visitor experience and opinions of managers. The study conducted in the Mission Mountains Wilderness ("MMW") is located in northwestern Montana and managed by the USDA Forest Service. MMW visitor results from 293 surveys, 32 interviews, and 2 focus groups were compared to results from a national survey of 33 Forest Service wilderness managers. Even though both visitors and managers indicated that observing restoration has both a positive influence on the quality of visitor experience and opinions of managers, visitor responses were more positive. There w~as a positive correlation between years visitors spent visiting wilderness and their responses to restoration, while manager responses tended to be less supportive of restoration the more years they worked. When visitors and managers were asked to reflect back over time and express how wilderness conditions influenced the quality of visitor experience, visitors indicated positive responses (many impacted campsites in the MMW have been, or are, currently being restored) while managers indicated that impacted campsite conditions over-time had significantly reduced the quality of visitor experience. Furthermore, managers expressed less support for the effectiveness of restoration the longer they were managers. Findings show that both visitor and manager perceptions of campsite conditions are influenced by previous benchmarking: suggesting that visitor and manager reactions to campsite conditions and support for restoration are based on information gained from prior visits, perceptions of what wilderness should look like, and by comparing the conditions of campsites observed at other wilderness areas. Overall, managers and visitors felt that restoration is a positive educational tool and demonstrates that someone cares about the area.
ORGANIC FACIES, DEPOSITIONAL ENVIRONMENT AND PETROLEUM GENERATING CHARACTERISTICS OF THE LACUSTRINE SHAHEJIE FORMATION, ES4 MEMBER, WESTERN DEPRESSION, LIAOHE BASIN (NE CHINA)

Organic petrological and organic geochemical investigations have been carried out on Eocene lacustrine deposits from the Western Depression of the Liaohe Basin (NE China). The purpose was to conduct a systematic organofacies classification of these rocks, to determine their source rock potential and hydrocarbon characteristics, and to study depositional processes within this palaeo‐lake setting. Rock‐Eval data and molecular biomarkers indicate that samples analysed were immature in terms of thermal maturation.
Hydrological Modelling Of The\“Sierra De Las Minas” In Guatemala,By Using A Conceptual Distributed ModelAnd Considering The Lack Of Data

The Biosphere Reserve “Sierra de las Minas” is part of the Guatemalan System of Protected Areas and contains the largest cloud forests of Guatemala. Its southern slopes flow into the Motagua Valley, one of the more active zones in the country and paradoxically, the most arid and driest zone of Central America. We have studied the hydrology of the Teculutan Basin on a daily time step, by estimating its hydrological characteristics and using the conceptual distributed model Tetis v. 7.2 developed at the Polytechnic University of Valencia, Spain. We applied a new split-parameter structure coupled with the SCE-UA automatic optimization algorithm to obtain the set of optimal correction factors of the model. Among the results we have completed a precipitation spatial and sensitive analysis. The model has shown a high sensitivity to changes in the parameter, which characterizes the precipitation increment due to the difference in altitude. In an attempt to capture seasonal variability produced by the presence of the cloud forest in the upper portion of the basin, we studied the horizontal precipitation and the sensitivity to changing the correction factor for evaporation and the vegetation cover index.