Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Morphology and biology of Homoplectra gracilis Nozaki, 2019 in a headwater stream in Yata Hills, Japan

Abstract Homoplectra Ross, 1938 (Hydropsychidae) comprises 24 species. Knowledge of the immature stages of species in this genus is quite poor. This study aimed to describe for the first time morphology of Homoplectra gracilis Nozaki, 2019 larvae, found in small headwater streams flowing throughout ‘Satoyama’, a unique and important ecosystem in Japan, and clarify its biology. Morphological observations showed that the larva of this species is unique among known Japanese species in having a small median triangular process on the anterior margin of the head. Final instar larvae were found throughout the year, whereas the second instar larvae were observed during July and November. The species retreated using various kinds of substrates; on/between leaves, plants roots, and under stones. Analysis of digestive tracts showed predominantly detritus in their diet along with remains of invertebrates. The larvae appeared to withstand drought which occur in the streams.
Factors Affecting Safety Performance: Case Study At Pt Pamapersada Nusantara

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to see the impact that safety performance can have on technical competencies, non-technical competencies, technical training and non-technical training Design/methodology/approach: The research method referred to in this study is quantitative research, and the object of this research is PT. Pamapersada Nusantara, further using 89 respondents as a research sample, refers to the structural equational modelling model. Findings: The results showed that the respondents considered that technical training had nothing to do with safety performance, while other hypotheses were proven. Research limitations/implications: Although we found that technical competency and non-technical competency influence safety performance, it still need further exploration in order to explore other factors that influence safety performance; also, there will be a necessity for research to explore within mining companies Practical implications: The managerial implication of this research is that the company can evaluate the technical training implemented, which is related to the readiness of the instructor, the implementation of classroom learning activities, simulator activities, field practice activities, the content of the material following the training objectives, and the benefits felt by employees who have attended technical training. Originality/value: This paper originated from exploring within one particular mining company Paper type: Research Paper
Who Is behind a Trend? Temporal Analysis of Interactions among Trend Participants on Twitter

Trends are a fundamental component of today's fast-evolving media landscape. Still, a lot of questions about who participates in such trends remain unanswered. Are trends driven by individual actors, or do interactions between actors reveal community structures? If so, do those structures change during the life cycle of a trend or between topically similar trends? In short: Who is behind a trend? This paper contributes to a better understanding of these questions and, in general, actor networks underlying trends on social media. As a case study, we leverage a large Twitter dataset from the EURO2020 soccer competition to detect and analyze topical trends. Our novel Gaussian fitting method allows separating trend life cycles into up- and down-trend components, as well as determining the duration of trends. An event-based evaluation proves good performance results. Given separate trend stages and topically similar trends at different points in time, we conduct a temporal analysis of the actor networks during trends. Our findings not only reveal a large overlap of participants between successive trends but also indicate large variations within a trend life cycle. Furthermore, actor networks seem to be centred around a small number of dominant users and communities. Those users also show large stability across similar trends over time. In contrast, temporally stable community structures are neither found within nor across topically similar trends.
Random attractors of stochastic partial differential equations: A smooth approximation approach

ABSTRACT We use the method of smooth approximation to examine the random attractor for two classes of stochastic partial differential equations (SPDEs). Roughly speaking, we perturb the SPDEs by a Wong-Zakai scheme using smooth colored noise approximation rather than the usual polygonal approximation. After establishing the existence of the random attractor of the perturbed system, we prove that when the colored noise tends to the white noise, the random attractor of the perturbed system with colored noise converges to that of the original SPDEs by invoking some continuity results on attractors in random dynamical systems.
Hénon type equations with one-sided exponential growth

We deal with the following class of problems: \begin{equation*} \begin{cases} -\Delta u=\lambda u+|x|^{\alpha}g(u_+)+ f(x)&\mbox{in } B_1,\\ u =0&\mbox{on }\partial B_1, \end{cases} \end{equation*} where $B_1$ is the unit ball in $\mathbb R^2$, $g$ is a $C^1$-function in $[0,+\infty)$ which is assumed to be in the subcritical or critical growth range of Trudinger-Moser type and $f\in L^{\mu}(B_1)$ for some $\mu> 2$. Under suitable hypotheses on the constant $\lambda$, we prove existence of at least two solutions to this problem using variational methods. In case of $f$ radially symmetric, the two solutions are radially symmetric as well.
Metrological Evaluation of Robust Relaxation-Oscillator Interface for Remote Resistive Sensors and Its Application Toward Realizing Few Industrial Measurement Systems

A robust relaxation-oscillator-based conditioning circuit for remotely located resistive sensors is proposed in this article. The proposed circuit uses a simple analog architecture comprising an integrator, Schmitt trigger, inverter, and novel switching logic as its core blocks. The circuit provides a linear digital indication of the sensor resistance. The output of the proposed circuit is independent of many nonidealities, such as bias-current and offset voltage of Op-amps, connecting lead and switch on-resistances, and mismatch/drift in the circuit components and power-supply levels. The proposed circuit has the capability to render all these merits while interfacing with various types of resistive sensor configurations. The working mechanism and analysis of the proposed circuit are described first in this article. The performance of the circuit is verified using simulation and experimental studies. Later, the immunity of the developed circuit from the effect of various parameters is also experimentally verified. Results show that the proposed circuit possesses a linear digital output and generates a low error in the output. The maximum nonlinearity is merely 0.14% when a typical single-element-based sensor is interfaced with the developed circuit. The performance features of the developed circuit are also compared with the prior art and are observed to be adequate for interfacing industrial resistive sensors.
Detection and identification of substances using noisy THz signal

We discuss an effective method for the detection and identification of substances using a high noisy THz signal. In order to model such a noisy signal, we add to the THz signal transmitted through a pure substance, a noisy THz signal obtained in real conditions at a long distance (more than 3.5 m) from the receiver in air. The insufficiency of the standard THz-TDS method is demonstrated. The method discussed in the paper is based on time-dependent integral correlation criteria calculated using spectral dynamics of medium response. A new type of the integral correlation criterion, which is less dependent on spectral characteristics of the noisy signal under investigation, is used for the substance identification. To demonstrate the possibilities of the integral correlation criteria in real experiment, they are applied for the identification of explosive HMX in the reflection mode. To explain the physical mechanism for the false absorption frequencies appearance in the signal we make a computer simulation using 1D Maxwell's equations and density matrix formalism. We propose also new method for the substance identification by using the THz pulse frequency up-conversion and discuss an application of the cascade mechanism of molecules high energy levels excitation for the substance identification.
Velocity Reversal Systems: A Simple Friction Model for Telescopes

In this paper we experimentally characterize friction in an astronomical telescope and introduce a new model for capturing the observed behavior of friction in both the micro and macro displacement regimes of motion. The model is a modification of the LuGre model and is developed for velocity reversal systems like an astronomical telescope. The proposed model is represented with a pair of masses separated by a linear spring. This model is then employed to synthesize a feedback linearizable controller for the system. The simulation results for the proposed friction model in open loop are presented and validated with the experimental results. The stability aspects of the closed loop system with the modified friction model is then investigated. For estimating the unmeasurable states of the system used in feedback linearization, we discuss the observability of the system with the new model for friction.
The P(φ)2 Euclidean (Quantum) Field Theory

Barry Simon Princeton: Princeton University Press 1974 pp xx + 392 price £10.50. This excellent book, written primarily for mathematical physicists with a strong mathematical ability, demonstrates yet again the unity of ideas in physics. The old idea of using coordinates x1,x2,x3,x4 = ict in relativity takes on a new strength in quantum field theory where the Green's functions are analytic and the Minkowski trick actually means something.
Computational mechanics of the heart : From tissue structure to ventricular function

Finite elasticity theory combined with finite element analysis provides the framework for analysing ventricular mechanics during the filling phase of the cardiac cycle, when cardiac cells are not actively contracting. The orthotropic properties of the passive tissue are described here by a pole-zero constitutive law, whose parameters are derived in part from a model of the underlying distributions of collagen fibres. These distributions are based on our observations of the fibrous-sheet laminar architecture of myocardial tissue. We illustrate the use of high order (cubic Hermite) basis functions in solving the Galerkin finite element stress equilibrium equations based on this orthotropic constitutive law and for incorporating the observed regional distributions of fibre and sheet orientations. Pressure-volume relations and 3D principal strains predicted by the model are compared with experimental observations. A model of active tissue properties, based on isolated muscle experiments, is also introduced in order to predict transmural distributions of 3D principal strains at the end of the contraction phase of the cardiac cycle. We end by offering a critique of the current model of ventricular mechanics and propose new challenges for future modellers.
Factors That Influence Good Governance in The Tanzania Football Federation

Effective management of sports activities entail adherence to some key governance tenets by bodies that oversee sports activities at territorial level. Factors for good governance were investigated in this paper to determine their influence on governance practices in Tanzania Football Federation. A cross-sectional descriptive design was adopted to collect quantitative data from 35 TFF staffs at national office, two region offices (Dar es Salaam and Morogoro) and 4 district offices using a structured questionnaire. The findings show that there is high level of transparency and accountability, financial transparency and control, human resources competence, and policy implementation in daily activities of Tanzania Football Federation. The empirical findings and theoretical thinking of this study contribute to a better understanding of the good governance and its significance on administration and development of sports. the results will also help sports federations or associations, clubs, and other stakeholders in their attempt to develop sports industry.
Implementations and applications of Renyi entanglement in Monte Carlo simulations of spin models

Although entanglement is a well studied property in the context of quantum systems, the ability to measure it in Monte Carlo methods is relatively new. Through measures of the Rényi entanglement entropy and mutual information one is able to examine and characterize criticality, pinpoint phase transitions, and probe universality. We describe the most basic algorithms for calculating these quantities in straightforward Monte Carlo methods and state of the art techniques used in high performance computing. This description emphasizes the core principal of these measurements and allows one to both build an intuition for these quantities and how they are useful in numerical studies. Using the Rényi entanglement entropy we demonstrate the ability to detect thermal phase transitions in the Ising model and XY model without use of an order parameter. The scaling near the critical point also shows signatures identifying the universality class of the model. Improved methods are explored using extended ensemble techniques that can increase calculation efficiency, and show good agreement with the standard approach. We explore the “ratio trick” at finite temperature and use it to explore the quantum critical fan of the one dimensional transverse field Ising model, showing agreement with finite temperature and finite size scaling from field theory. This same technique is used at zero temperature to explore the geometric dependence of the entanglement entropy and examine the universal scaling functions in the two dimensional transverse field Ising model. All of this shows the multitude of ways in which the study of the Rényi entanglement entropy can be efficiently and practically used in conventional and exotic condensed matter systems, and should serve as a reference for those wishing to use it as a tool.
Autonomous 3D metric reconstruction from uncalibrated aerial images captured from UAVs

ABSTRACT In this article, we propose a methodology to co-register multi-temporal images captured from different sources in order to make it possible to generate precise, fully-automatic spatial information. The goal is to identify objects in images without metric or assigned coordinates by relating them with the same objects in images from other sources where the metric is known. In this way, processing times are reduced and manual intervention is unnecessary, thus making it ideally suited for continuous update programmes. This article describes the use of a modified optimization of the scale invariant feature transform to successfully match old and new images. After that, control points are automatically assigned to each new image to generate orthophotos automatically and evaluate them through positional accuracy tests.
The Noncitizen Penalty in U.S. Federal Courts: Differences in Punishment by Region of Citizenship

Previous literature has found that noncitizens are punished in U.S. federal courts more severely than U.S. citizens for offenses that are legally equivalent, though less is known about variation in the noncitizen effect depending on the defendant’s nation of citizenship. Using United States Sentencing Commission (USSC) federal courts data from 2018 to 2020, we analyze group differences in the noncitizen penalty across regions of national origin. We draw from literature on group threat and the focal concerns perspective to guide our expectations. We find that noncitizens from all regions except Asia and North/West Europe have higher odds of being incarcerated compared with U.S. citizens, and noncitizens from Mexico, Central and South America, the Caribbean, and Africa receive longer sentence lengths than U.S. citizens. Implications concerning the theoretical mechanisms relevant to the noncitizen penalty are discussed.
On ramified torsion points on a curve with stable reduction over an absolutely unramified base

Let p be an odd prime number, W an absolutely unramified p-adically complete discrete valuation ring with algebraically closed residue field, and X a curve of genus at least two over the field of fractions K of W. In the present paper, we study, under the assumption that X has stable reduction over W, torsion points on X, i.e., torsion points of the Jacobian variety J of X which lie on the image of the Albanese embedding X ↪→ J with respect to a K-rational point of X. A consequence of the main result of the present paper is that if, moreover, J has good reduction over W, then every torsion point on X is K-rational after multiplying p. This result is closely related to a conjecture of R. Coleman concerning the ramification of torsion points. For instance, this result leads us to a solution of the conjecture in the case where a given curve is hyperelliptic and of genus at least p.
The Influence of Customer Satisfaction, brand trust and Brand Loyalty on Purchase Intention: A Study of McDonald’s in Malaysia

Customer satisfaction is crucial to the success of any business.It has been studied in the fields of business and marketing since the 1970s. When customers are satisfied, brand loyalty is immediately involved. As a result, brand loyalty has received a lot of attention in recent decades. McDonald's is the world's leading fast service restaurant, with over 36,000 outlets worldwide and more than 70 million customers served daily in more than 100 countries. Every month, McDonald's serves approximately 13.5 million customers in over 320 stores in Malaysia. The company's performance is strongly related to its high levels of brand loyalty and customer satisfaction. This paper aims to examine how customer satisfaction, brand trust and brand loyalty may influence the purchase intention of McDonald in Malaysia. We applied SPSS to test hypotheses, and 150 McDonald's customers engaged in a Google form-based online survey. The findings reveal that customer satisfaction, brand trust and brand loyalty influence McDonald's customers purchasing intentions. Recommendations and implications were discussed.
Non local damage models with evolving internal length :motivations and applications to coupled problems

In most existing proposals, the internal length in non local damage models is a constant parameter. Still, there are some theoretical indications that suggest that the internal length should change in the course of the fracture process. The aim of this contribution is firstly to examine the correlation between the width of the fracture process zone observed with acoustic emission and the internal length, and secondly to consolidate these experimental observations in a modified non local damage model with evolving internal length. Extensions of this model to ageing resulting from an increase of material porosity, to creep-damage interaction, and to hydro-mechanical effects are discussed in the closure.
Carcass characteristics and meat quality of adult Sahelian does fed a basal diet of Brachiaria decumbens grass supplemented with probiotics and concentrates

Abstract A 14-week feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of supplementing probiotics and concentrates on carcass characteristics and meat quality of Sahelian does fed a basal diet of Brachiaria decumbens grass. Twenty-four does weighing averagely 13.3 ± 1.16 kg and aged averagely 12 months were randomly allocated to four treatments of six does each in a Completely Randomised Design with 2 × 2 factorial arrangement. The factors were levels of probiotics (0 and 100 g per 100 kg of concentrate) and concentrate (500 g and 1000 g per day). On the last day of the feeding trial, three goats per treatment were slaughtered by severing the jugular veins of the throat and trachea without stunning. Carcass characteristics were determined, and meat samples from longissimus lumborum were taken for analysis of the proximate composition and evaluation of fatty acid profile. The results showed that supplementing higher levels of concentrate and probiotics led to improved dressing percentage without any deleterious effect on the weights of internal organs, increased crude protein content and reduced crude fat content of the meat. The results further showed reductions in saturated fatty acid concentrations and increases in unsaturated fatty acid concentrations. It was concluded that the probiotics could be incorporated at 100 g per 100 kg of the concentrate and fed at 1000 g/d for improved carcass quality.
Excess Baggage: Exploring Triggers of Worry and Stress in Young Students

Throughout their primary school years, children are likely to experience feelings of stress or worry, triggered by elements within the school setting. While these terminologies indicate negative connotations, such feelings can differ in consistency and are known to occur when young children respond negatively to situations that are considered problematic. The research study presented in this paper is analysed from a sociological perspective and it examines the triggers of worry and stress in young school children and what form of action is taken by parents in such instances. The insights and opinions of parents regarding how schools can contribute and support such students are also critically examined. Data was gathered from parents with children between the ages of 3 and 8 years through online questionnaires that were analysed qualitatively employing a thematic approach, while quantitative data was used in order to quantify the responses and present demographic information. The findings indicate that the most common causes of worry and stress in young children are linked to social, academic, logistical, and situational factors including, but not limited to, attachment, bullying, changing of teachers, academic load, and online exclusion. Data also suggests that most parents took action when their children expressed feelings of worry or stress; this included the elements of discussions, guidance and reassurance. The findings further revealed that the school staff were rarely informed about such situations, which raises a concern in terms of communication practices between stakeholders.
A TUTORIAL PRESENTATION OF ALTERNATIVE SOLUTIONS TO THE FLEXIBLE BEAM ON RIGID CART PROBLEM

A classical planar problem in forward flexible multibody dynamics is thoroughly investigated. The system consists of a damped flexible beam cantilevered to a rigid translating cart. The problem is solved using three distinctly different conventional approaches presented in roughly the chronological order in which they have been applied to flexible dynamic systems. First, a modal superposition formulation based on Bernoulli-Euler beam theory is developed. Second, an alternative solution is developed drawing exclusively on methods for rigid body dynamics combined with a knowledge of the theoretical modal behaviour of continuous beams. Third, a formulation based on the conventional finite element method using four-degree-of-freedom planar beam elements is adapted to include the rigid body motion of the cart. The relative merits of the three formulations are discussed and numerical simulation results generated using each of the three formulations are compared with each other and with a solution from a general.