Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The effect of washing procedure on the estimation of the in situ disappearance of amino acids from feed protein.

In a small scale experiment the in-situ disappearance of amino acids and microbial contami­ nation of the incubation residues were studied to investigate the influence of rumen incuba­ tion on the amino acid profile. Wilted grass silage, soybean expeller and hydrolysed feathermeal were used for the purpose. Incubation time ranged from zero till 48 h. Three washing procedures were compared: a) standard procedure, b) standard washing, followed by soaking for 16 h in ND at 70 °C, followed by standard washing and c) a comparable procedure but using a ND solution at 25 °C. The amino acid profile appeared to be almost exclusively deter­ mined by amino acid content in the original feed. Amino acids disappeared at a faster rate than non-amino acid N. Microbial contamination was only observed in the grass silage and its residues after incubation. Non of the washing procedures removed effectively the contami­ nation.
Tandem Mass Spectrometry Analysis as an Approach to Delineate Genetically Related Taxa, with Specific Implication for Differentiating Escherichia coli from amongst the Complex Enterobacteriaceae Family

Aims: This work aims to evaluate the potential of GeLC-MS/MS to delineate taxa which are beyond the resolution of 16S rRNA and MALDI-TOF-MS identification, simultaneously discerning biomarkers of pathogenicity. Methods and Results: 16S rRNA sequence analysis and MALDITOF- MS was performed to differentiate genetically closely related species from the family Enterobacteriaceae. In parallel GeLC-MS/ MS, using E. coli and related enteric bacteria as a model, was performed. Species specific peptides were identified and used to create an optimised identification database, against which a panel of test strains were analysed to determine the resolution of GeLCMS/ MS for bacterial identification and strain characterisation. The panel included amongst others pathogenic E. coli strains, of differing pathotype, including E. coli O104:H4. The test strains could be resolved to the species and pathotype (subspecies) in addition, specific features could be identified. Conclusions: Using an optimised genome database and proteome profiling, we identified biomarkers that were specific for the test species and characterised strain-specific virulence factors. Significance and Impact of the Study: This proof of concept study demonstrates that whole genome sequences and GeLC-MS/ MS have the potential to both identify and characterise pathogenic bacteria in a single assay, ushering in a new proteogenomic trend for microbial clinical diagnostics
Production of Defective Genomes of the Bombyx mori Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus by Serial Passage through Cultured Cells.

A plaque-purified Bombyx mori nuclear polyhedrosis virus, BmNPV D1 isolate, was propagated for 30 generations by serial undiluted passages in BmN4 cells. During the passages, a few polyhedra phenotypes and defective viral genomes were generated. By contrast, the population of wild type polyhedra and genomes decreased. The main component of defective genomes contained most of the interspersed homologous sequences of the baculovirus genomes.
Preneoplastic lesions fimbria pan-proteomic studies establish the fimbriectomy benefit for BRCA1/2 patients and identify early diagnosis markers of HGSC

Ovarian cancer is the leading cause of death from gynecologic cancer worldwide; however, the origin of ovarian tumors, particularly for high-grade serous carcinoma (HGSC), is still debated. Accumulated evidence converges towards the involvement of the preneoplastic lesions observed in the fimbriated end of the fallopian tubes. In this study, we propose to carry out an in-depth proteomics analysis of these epithelial lesions (p53 signature, serous tubal intraepithelial carcinoma-STIC and serous tubal intraepithelial lesions-STIL) based on spatially resolved proteomic guided by IHC technique. We identified specific clusters related to each preneoplastic lesions, specific protein mutations based on Cosmic database and a Ghost proteome translated from non-coding RNAs and alternative ORFs, using the OpenProt database. Protein networks have been constructed from each cluster utilizing systems biology platform. Generated data were used to confirm the potentially dormant character of the STIL lesion and the more aggressive profile of the STIC which appears closer to HGSC than other lesions. In summary, our results established the chronological mechanisms and genesis of different ovarian cancer phenotypes but also identified the early diagnostic markers of HCSC guiding an adapted therapy and a better patient care.
Pyroligneous Acid: A Farmer’s Flexible Friend?

ABSTRACT This article is a review of the findings of key studies into the potential benefits of pyroligneous acid, arising from charcoal production, to the agricultural industry. Through a review of bioassay studies conducted on known plant and human pathogens (e.g., Agrobacterium tumefacien and Xanthomonas campestris) and arthropods, and germination studies on selected crops, the article highlights a number of potential benefits of smoke recovery in the production of charcoal. In addition, the article calls for further research into the impact, if any, of its long-term use on environmental receptors/humans and for the development of a methodology to guarantee consistency in product composition, quality, and efficacy. In doing so, it is hoped that its widespread use as part of sustainable management practices adopted in the agricultural industry will be secured.
Differences in Oils from Nuts Extracted by Means of Two Pressure Systems

Nuts are nutrient dense foods especially appreciated for the fatty acids composition of the oil fraction and other bioactive compounds, like polyphenols or sterols. Almond, pistachio, and walnut oils were extracted by two pressure systems (hydraulic press and screw press) in order to obtain virgin oils. A comparison of the fatty acids was performed for oils from different sources. Although the main components of oils (fatty acids and sterols) did not vary according to the system used, some differences among the three types of nut oils were found. Almond and pistachio oil samples showed a similar fatty acid profile with a substantial amount of monounsaturated fatty acids, 70 and 61%, respectively. However, the majority proportion in walnut oils was the polyunsaturated fatty acids (60%). The highest total sterol content was presented by pistachio oils (4476 mg/kg). Screw press oils showed higher values of the regulated quality parameters (acidity, peroxide value, K232, and K270). In the same way, polyphenols and oxidative stability were slightly higher when the nut oils were extracted with a screw press.
A Perspective of Grasshopper Population Distribution in Saskatchewan and Interrelationship with Weather

Thirty-two years of annual adult grasshopper survey data collected in Saskatchewan were quantified and used to examine the trends in grasshopper numbers and selected weather variables. Interrelationships between 4 species of grasshoppers, Melanoplus sanguinipes (Fabr.), M. bivittatus (Say), M. packardii (Scudder) and Camnula pellucida (Scudder), heat units, and precipitation were investigated by quantifying the average annual trends and the average distribution patterns. Density ratings of grasshoppers were most highly autocorrelated with the previous years' ratings, the degree of correlation decaying rapidly and becoming nonsignificant after 3 yr. Correlations between precipitation and density ratings were negative for up to a lag of 3 yr. Positive correlations were found between heat units and density ratings and also between heat-precipitation ratios and density ratings. Maximum correlation coefficients tended to occur with the previous years' weather but the response of individual species was different. The distribution of grasshoppers, heat units, and precipitation were related. Higher populations occurred in the area where the average heat accumulation was above 1600°D50 and average precipitation was < 10 in. (250 mm). Probabilities of exceeding the 32-yr mean were calculated for 38 districts in the province for Apr.–July and Aug.–Sept. heat-precipitation ratios, and for combined grasshopper density ratings above 3.0/8.36 m2. The correlation between these probabilities was high. A damage index was developed to associate grasshopper density with the heat-precipitation ratio based on variable penetration of grasshoppers into the crop.
PHENETIC RELATIONSHIPS WITHIN THE FAMILY GRUIDAE

The monographs on the Gruidae by Blythe and Tegetmeier (1881) and Blaauw (1897) indicate that the cranes were studied extensively in the 19th century. However, opinions of taxonomists of that time differed widely as to the generic and specific limits within the family. Sharpe (1899) listed 19 species and 9 genera while Blythe and Tegetmeier (1881) and Blaauw (1897) recognized 16 species in 2 and 3 genera, respectively. Little systematic work has been conducted on cranes in the 20th century except to address questions of nomenclature and to describe subspecies (e.g., Peters 1925, Grant 1948, Walkinshaw 1965). Peters (1934) proposed the classification in general use today (4 genera, 14 species) and the only changes in generic or specific limits have concerned Balearica (Walkinshaw 1964). Archibald (1975) reevaluated phylogenetic relationships within the Gruidae by examining the structure of the unison calls. He studied 13 of the 15 species (recognizing 2 species of Balearica) and recently obtained data on Grus leucogeranus (pers. comm.) . The classifications of Peters and Archibald are represented in Fig. 1. Taxonomic investigations and studies dealing with evolutionary patterns or adaptations are particularly reliant on morphologic information. Detailed comparative morphological studies (particularly skeletal) do not exist for the Gruidae and it is my purpose to evaluate the phenetic similarities among the cranes (both external and skeletal) and compare the results with current classifications. Up to 10 skins for each of the 15 crane species were measured. Usually the first 10 specimens encountered were measured, but in the few cases where larger series existed (e.g. Grus canadensis) I measured equal numbers of males and females. Skeletons of 14 of the 15 species were located. Table 1 details the material used along with the current ranges of the species. The nomenclature is that of Peters (1934) except that 2 species of Balearica are recognized in light of Walkinshaw’s (1964) work. The original data are contained in appendices to Wood (1976). I coded 95 external characters (EXT) f rom each skin including characters from all parts of the body. For coding color characters I used the Munsell system (19731, a numerical scheme which specifies colors using 3 components. Only the component representing the lightness or darkness (gray scale) of the color was used because the remaining components (representing hue and intensity) showed little variation. Measurements of plumage such as lengths of primaries and vane widths of rectrices were made with a rule to the nearest 1.0 mm, and those of other parts with dial calipers to 0.1 mm.
Cabbage Looper Control in Florida-A Cooperative Program

Insecticidal control of Trichoplusia ni (Hiibner) on cabbage was studied under similar experimental conditions at 4 locations in Florida during 1968. Union Carbide UC-34096 (4-[[(dimethylamino) methylene]amino]- m -tolyl methyIcarbamate hydrodchloride), duPont 1642 (methyl N -(carbamoyloxythioacetimidate), Lannate® (S -methyl N -( (methylcarbamoyl) oxy] thioacetimidate), DDT + toxaphene, and Azodrin® (3-hydroxy- N -methyl-cis-cro tonomide dimethyl phosphate) were the best of 17 materials tested. Varying insect populations resulted in low (2.45) high (5.58) ratings in nontreated plots using a 1 to 6 damage scale.
SALINITY EFFECT ON PLANT GROWTH, PSII PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND CHLOROPHYLL CONTENT IN SUGAR BEET (BETA VULGARIS L.) AND CABBAGE (BRASSICA OLERACEA CAPITATA L.)

Seedlings of sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) and cabbage (Brassica oleracea capitata L.) were grown in sand culture at salinities of 0 (control), 50, 100 and 150 mM NaCl to determine the effect of salt on growth, chlorophyll fluorescence and chlorophyll content. With increasing salt concentration, dry root and shoot weight, fresh leaf weight and leaf area decreased significantly whereas there were no changes in dry leaf weight and leaf water contents. Salinity induced no effects in both species on the maximal efficiency of PSII (Fv/Fm) photochemistry, efficiency of excitation energy capture by open PSII reaction centres, electron transport rate (ETR), photochemical quenching coefficient (qP), non-photochemical quenching coefficient (qN) and physiological state of the photosynthetic apparatus (Fo/Fm). However, leaf chlorophyll content increased significantly with increasing salt concentration both in cabbage and sugar beet.
Stellar populations and large-scale structure of the SMC - III. The geometry of the northern and north-western outlying regions.

The third paper in the series of investigations on the large-scale structure of the Small Magellanic Cloud is presented here. Following the study by Hatzidimitriou & Hawkins of a large area covering nearly 50 square degrees to the north-east and south-west of the SMC main body, further results from the northern and north-western areas have been obtained. Photographic photometry derived from COSMOS analysis of sets of blue and red UK Schmidt plates provided the data for the study
The importance of lipids for water uptake in stratum corneum

On a mesure l'absorption d'eau sur des corneocytes du stratum corneum (debarrasses de leurs lipides) d'abord seuls, puis combines avec des lipides «indigenes» et enfin avec des lipides de composition similaire. Les resultats ont montre que le stratum corneum reconstitue absorbe l'eau dans les memes proportions que la couche originale isolee; cependant, l'absorption d'eau par la structure reconstituee etait plus elevee que celle de ses constituants individuels. De plus, nous avons demontre l'hydratation etonnamment importante occasionnee par les lipides, basee sur le fait que l'augmentation du rapport lipide/corneocyte allait de pair avec une absorption d'eau plus importante
A Chiroptera preliminary survey in the middle Madeira River region of Central Amazonia, Brazil

Abstract Western Brazilian Amazonia is considered to be more bat species-rich than areas in other parts of the biome. However, the middle Madeira River region has been pointed out as a lacuna for mammal inventories, and information on its bat diversity is still scarce. I present here a bat fauna survey of the middle Madeira River region and its main tributary, the Aripuanã River. Using mist nets [4626 meter net.hours (m.h)], I surveyed ten riverine village sites, four primary forest sites and one secondary forest site distributed along the margins of both rivers. In 22 nights during the dry and rainy seasons, 356 bats of 30 species and five families were recorded. The bat species-richness was similar along both rivers, with 24 species in the Madeira sites and 23 in the Aripuanã. Vampyriscus bidens and Mesophylla macconnelli were the most captured bats in the village sites along the Aripuanã River, whereas all captures of Artibeus planirostris occurred along Madeira River villages. A new record for Vampyressa thyone in the Amazonas state is reported, approximately 500 km southeast of the nearest record.
Village and household economics in India's semi-arid tropics

The book, based on unique source of information: household panel data from longitudinal village studies that had been carried out since 1975 in two villages in each of the selected three districts of India, is divided in to four parts. How the village studies were conducted and how they fit into social and agricultural research in India are discussed in chapter 2. Profiles of the study regions and villages are presented in chapter 3. Agricultural and economic development in these study villages since independence and particularly in the period 1975 to 1985 is treated in part 2. Part 3 makes more integrated microeconomic treatment of agricultural development in predominantly dryland production environments. The implications of these findings are drawn out in a concluding session of each subject matter chapter and. In a final synthesis chapter, the particular features of India''s SAT are reviewed and prospects for agricultural development assessed
THE INFLUENCE OF LUMPING ON THE BEHAVIOR OF RESERVOIR WITH LIGHT OIL AND CO2

Compositional simulation demands a large number of equations and functions to be solved, once fluid properties depend on reservoir pressure and temperature and also on fluid composition. As a consequence, the number of components used influences considerably in the simulation run time and accuracy: more components yield more equations to be solved with expected higher run time. Giant petroleum fields discovered recently in Brazil (pre-salt reservoirs) demand compositional simulation due to the fluid characteristics (light oil with the presence of CO2). However, the computational time can be a limitation because of the number of grid blocks that are necessary to represent the reservoir. So, reducing the number of components is an important step for the simulation models. Under this context, this paper presents a study on the influence of different lumping clusters, used to reduce the number of components in a volatile oil, on reservoir simulation. Phase diagram, saturation pressure and simulation results were used for comparison purposes. The best results were obtained for the cases with 14, 9 and 7 pseudocomponents, which represented correctly the original fluid, reducing till three times the simulation run time, for the same production volumes of oil and gas.
The content of risk elements in bones of bank vole (Myodes glareolus) and wood mouse (Apodemus sylvaticus) from Kolíňany area (Slovakia).

The content of selected risk elements (Fe, Cu, Zn, Ni, Mg, Na, K) in the femora of bank vole (Myodes glareolus) and wood mouse (Apodemus sylvaticus) from Kolíňany area (Slovakia) which is characterized by a high degree of environmental pollution was investigated in the present study. The rodents were trapped in this locality in February 2011. Higher concentrations of Mg and Na were detected in the bones of wood mouse in comparison with those of bank vole (P<0.05). Moreover, the concentrations of Cu, Zn and Ni were significantly higher in the bones of both species in our study in comparison with the values which were obtained in the same animal species on the same site in February 2007. Therefore, our results demonstrate increased accumulation of these elements in the femora of Myodes glareolus and Apodemus sylvaticus and thus give an evidence of still ongoing contamination of this locality.
Artificial light at night at the terrestrial-aquatic interface: Effects on predators and fluxes of insect prey

The outcomes of species interactions–such as those between predators and prey–increasingly depend on environmental conditions that are modified by human activities. Light is among the most fundamental environmental parameters, and humans have dramatically altered natural light regimes across much of the globe through the addition of artificial light at night (ALAN). The consequences for species interactions, communities and ecosystems are just beginning to be understood. Here we present findings from a replicated field experiment that simulated over-the-water lighting in the littoral zone of a small lake. We evaluated responses by emergent aquatic insects and terrestrial invertebrate communities, and riparian predators (tetragnathid spiders). On average ALAN plots had 51% more spiders than control plots that were not illuminated. Mean individual spider body mass was greater in ALAN plots relative to controls, an effect that was strongly sex-dependent; mean male body mass was 34% greater in ALAN plots while female body mass was 176% greater. The average number of prey items captured in spider webs was 139% greater on ALAN mesocosms, an effect attributed to emergent aquatic insects. Non-metric multidimensional scaling and a multiple response permutation procedure revealed significantly different invertebrate communities captured in pan traps positioned in ALAN plots and controls. Control plots had taxonomic-diversity values (as H’) that were 58% greater than ALAN plots, and communities that were 83% more-even. We attribute these differences to the aquatic family Caenidae which was the dominant family across both light treatments, but was 818% more abundant in ALAN plots. Our findings show that when ALAN is located in close proximity to freshwater it can concentrate fluxes of emergent aquatic insects, and that terrestrial predators in the littoral zone can compound this effect and intercept resource flows, preventing them from entering the terrestrial realm.
Psychometric properties of the Polish version of the Multiple Sclerosis Self-Management Scale – Revised

Abstract Purpose The main aim of this study was to analyse the psychometric properties of the Polish version of the Multiple Sclerosis Self-Management-Revised Scale. Methods A total of 663 patients with multiple sclerosis were included in this study. The Polish version of the Multiple Sclerosis Self-Management-Revised Scale, The General Self-Efficacy Scale, Multiple Sclerosis Impact Scale-29, and Expanded Disability Status Scale were used. Cronbach’s alpha and McDonald’s omega coefficients were calculated to assess the Polish version of the scale’s reliability. The reliability of the scale’s test items was assessed using an information function with the multidimensional graded response model. Confirmatory factor and principal component analyses were conducted. Results Cronbach’s α and McDonald’s ω were obtained (α = 0.896, ω = 0.909). Correlations between the scores of the Polish version of the Multiple Sclerosis Self-Management-Revised Scale and the General Self-Efficacy Scale (r = 0.34; p < 0.001) and the neurological assessment of patients by a physician (r = −0.23; p < 0.001) were significant. The original factor structure of the scale was not confirmed (Chi2(242) = 1480; p < . 001; CFI = 0.829; TLI = . 805; RMSEA = 0.088, 90% CI = [0.084-0.092]; SRMR = 0.079). Conclusions Using only the total score of the Multiple Sclerosis Self-Management-Revised Scale is recommended for Polish patients. The scale’s factor structure requires further study. Implications for rehabilitation The Polish version of the Multiple Sclerosis Self-Management-Revised Scale was reliable and valid when used in adult multiple sclerosis patients. At present, we recommend using only the total score of the Multiple Sclerosis Self-Management-Revised Scale. Further research is needed to distinguish the detailed subscales of the Polish version of the tool. The Polish version of the Multiple Sclerosis Self-Management-Revised Scale can be used in clinical practice and for research purposes to assess the general level of self-management in Polish-speaking multiple sclerosis patients in Poland.