Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Ophiostomatoid fungi isolated from Pinus radiata logs imported from New Zealand to Korea.

Ophiostomatoid fungi discolor lumber, logs, and tree sapwood. Stained wood has a lower market value and can be refused by importing customers because such products can potentially carry pathogenic fungi. Little information is available on the ophiostomatoid fungi that colonize Pinus radiata D. Don (radiata pine) logs imported from New Zealand into Korea. In this work, we attempted to identify the native and non-native fungi colonizing wood imported into Korea. At least 12 species of ophiostomatoid fungi, including an unknown Ophiostoma sp. A, were identified among the fungi-staining radiata pine. They were Leptographium procerum (Kendr.) Wingf. , Leptographium bistatum Kim & Kim, Ophiostoma floccosum Mathiesen, Ophiostoma huntii (Rob.) Hoog & Scheff. , Ophiostoma ips (Rumbold) Nannf. , Ophiostoma nigrocarpum (David.) Hoog, Ophiostoma piceae (Munch) H. & P. Sydow, Ophiostoma piliferum (Fries) H. & P. Sydow, Ophiostoma quercus (Georgev.) Nannf. , Ophiostoma radiaticola Kim et al., and Ophiostoma setosum Uzunovi.
Autumn Migration of Waders (Charadrii) in the Middle Vistula Valley in 2004-2005

Autumn Migration of Waders (Charadrii) in the Middle Vistula Valley in 2004-2005 Studies were conducted in 2004-2005 in the period: 3 July - 26 August. The study area was located in the middle Vistula valley, near village Pawłowice, about 20 km north to the town of Dęblin (51°36'N, 21°38'E). The area covers a 2.5 km long section of not regulated river with ca 2 km2 of sandy beach. This site is an attractive resting and foraging place for migrating waders. Altogether 25 species of migrant waders were observed there. The dominants were: Lapwing (Vanellus vanellus) - 52.5-59.3%, Common Sandpiper (Actitis hypoleucos) - 9.8-18.9%, Wood Sandpiper (Tringa glareola) - 10.5-11.1%. For the Lapwing, Greenshank (Tringa nebularia), Ringed Plover (Charadrius hiaticula), Little Ringed Plover (Charadrius dubius), Common Snipe (Gallinago gallinago) and Ruff (Philomachus pugnax) the pattern of migration dynamics in the middle Vistula valley was similar to some earlier observations done in this area on the turn of the 1970s. In the Common Sandpiper in the 1970s-1980s no distinct migration peak was recorded, while in 2004-2005 one migration wave extended in time was observed. Migration of the Wood Sandpiper in the 1970s-1980s was characterized by a single migration peak, but in 2004-2005 migration pattern of this species had distinctly two peaks.
The interaction between the coastal brown ant, Pheidole megacephala (Fabricius), and other invertebrate fauna of Mt Coot‐tha (Brisbane, Australia)

Sampling of invertebrate fauna was carried out on Mt Coot-tha, between 25 February and 11 March 1992, to determine whether the presence of the coastal brown ant, Pheidole megacephala (Fabricius), affected die abundance and diversity of other invertebrates. Four plots were sampled; in two the coastal brown ant was present and in two it was absent. The overall abundance of invertebrates did not differ significantly between plots. The abundance of Collembola did vary significantly, but intraplot variability was large. Mite numbers did not differ significantly between plots, except for the family Laelapidae. Abundance of other ant species did not differ significantly between plots, but there was a difference in species composition; Dolichoderinae and Ponerinae were absent or poorly represented in plots where the coastal brown ant was present.
Studies of the Cortinarius saniosus (Fr.: Fr.) Fr. complex and a new closely related species, C. aureovelatus (Basidiomycota, Agaricales)

Studies of the Cortinarius saniosus (Fr.: Fr.) Fr. complex and a new closely related species, C. aureovelatus (Basidiomycota, Agaricales) The variation of the widely spread Cortinarius saniosus is described with respect to morphological, ecological and molecular characteristics. C. chrysomallus D. Lamoure and C. aureomarginatus P.D. Orton are regarded as synonymous with C. saniosus based on morphological and molecular data. A new closely related species C. aureovelatus Bendiksen, K. Bendiksen & H. Lindstr. , growing in coniferous and mountain birch forests, is described. A taxonomical and nomenclatural treatment of the complex, based upon present knowledge, is proposed.
Atorvastatin desensitizes β‐adrenergic signaling in cardiac myocytes via reduced isoprenylation of G‐protein γ‐subunits

Statins exert pleiotropic, cholesterol‐independent effects by reducing isoprenylation of monomeric GTPases. Here we examined whether statins also reduce isoprenylation of γ‐subunits of heterotrimeric G‐proteins and thereby affect β‐adrenergic signaling and regulation of force in cardiac myocytes. Neonatal rat cardiac myocytes (NRCM) were treated with atorvastatin (0.1–10 μmol/l; 12–48 h) and examined for adenylyl cyclase regulating G‐protein α‐ (Gα), β‐ (Gβ), and γ‐ (Gγ) subunits and cAMP accumulation. Engineered heart tissue (EHT) from NRCM was used to evaluate contractile consequences. In atorvastatin‐treated NRCM, a second band of Gγ3 with a lower apparent molecular weight appeared in cytosol and particulate fractions that was absent in vehicle‐treated NRCM, but also seen after GGTI‐298, a geranylgeranyl transferase inhibitor. In parallel, Gβ accumulated in the cytosol and total cellular content of Gαs was reduced. In atorvastatin‐treated NRCM, the cAMP‐increasing effect of isoprenaline was reduced. Likewise, the positive inotropic effect of isoprenaline was desensitized and reduced after treatment with atorvastatin. The effects of atorvastatin were abolished by mevalonate and/or geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate, but not by farnesyl pyrophosphate or squalene. Taken together, the results of this study show that atorvastatin desensitizes NRCM to β‐adrenergic stimulation by a mechanism that involves reduced isoprenylation of Gγ and subsequent reductions in the cellular content of Gαs.
Persistence and metabolism of fenthion in orange fruit

The persistence and metabolism of fenthion in orange fruit were studied in field conditions. The fenthion was transformed to fenthion sulfoxide and fenthion sulfone. Sunlight photodegradation experiments showed that this transformation is due to the action of sunlight. Residues were found only in the fruit peel. Fenthion showed a rapid degradation rate with a half-life of ca. 6 days. Fenthion sulfoxide was degraded more slowly with a half-life of ca. 14 days and represented the major residue. Fenthion sulfone was present in low quantities.
Correlações entre caracteres quantitativos em milho pipoca

Knowledge of the size of the association among traits of interest is of fundamental importance in a breeding program to allow genetic progress. The genotypic, phenotypic and environment correlation were studied among quantitative traits of popcorn maize. Nine popcorn maize genotypes were assessed. A randomized complete block design with eight replications was used. The UEL ZP, UEL SI and UEL PAP. genotypes which had greatest expansion capacity (27.50; 27.15 and 24.20, respectively), also had the greatest values for the number of grains per volume (244.75; 248.50 and 248.75, respectively). The expansion capacity correlated positively with the popcorn size and with number of grains per volume and negatively with plant yield. The traits plant yield, and total ear weight showed positive phenotypic and genotypic correlation that permits the choice of the trait that always suits at the breeding objectives.
Viscoelastic Behavior of Refrigerated Frozen Low-moisture Mozzarella Cheese

ABSTRACT: The effect of freezing low-moisture Mozzarella before ripening on cheese microstructure and its relationship with caseins degradation and viscoelastic properties were analyzed, and results were compared with refrigerated control samples. Soluble and nonprotein nitrogen contents increased with ripening time although more rapidly in the samples that were frozen before ripening. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed that freezing modified cheese microstructure due to ice formation; ice crystals weakened the casein matrix. Dynamic rheological tests were performed at 50 °C using oscillatory rheometry G’increased with frequency and was higher for refrigerated than for samples frozen before ripening, at the same ripening times; G’diminished as aging time increased, although more rapidly for the samples frozen before ripening.
Bacterial and helminth bioload of cultured Channa obscura fish

An investigation of the bacterial and helminth fuana of organs of diseased and healthy African snake head fish (Channa obscura) from Nigeria Agip Green River project, River State, Nigeria was undertaken. The intestine, skin, fin, gill, tissue and liver of the fish were examined for both bacterial and helminth load. The results indicated that the bacterial load of the diseased fish samples were higher than those of the apparently healthy fish. Identification tests of the probable isolates revealed the isolation of the following genera: Aeromonas, Citrobacter, Enterobacter, Klebsiella, Lactobacillus, Pseudomonas, Campylobacter, Proteus, Serratia, Staphyloccocus, Yersinia and Vibro sp. Whereas helminth fauna isolated were Camallanus sp. , Capillaria sp. , Acetodoxtra sp. , Chimostomum sp, Diphostomum sp. and Polyonchobethium sp. Percentage helminth infestation was found to be higher in adults than sub-adults and juveniles, while the percentage prevalence of the helminth infections amongst the fishes examined was found to be 41%. Helminth infection therefore varies amongst age groups. This study reveals the bacteria and load of cultured Channa obscura Key words : Bioload, helminths, Bacteria, Cultured fish Journal of Aquatic Sciences Vol.18(2) 2003: 93-100
Classificação de tomate-cereja em função do tamanho e peso dos frutos

The purpose of this experiment was to propose a grading system for cherry tomatoes based on fruit size and weight. The experiment was carried out at Jaboticabal, Sao Paulo State, Brazil. Fruits of cherry tomatoes, cultivar Sindy, harvested out of 60 plants grown in a greenhouse were evaluated. To separate fruits of different sizes, a five plastic box system developed. In this system, the bottom of four boxes drilled with holes of 20; 25; 30, and 35 mm of diameter. The fifth box had no holes and was used as a collector box. Fruits retained in each of the boxes were counted and weighed. The average weight of the fruits was calculated for each class size. Fruit frequency in each class varied during the harvest period. The percentage of fruits was as follows: 5% of giant fruits, 22% of large fruits, 42% of medium fruits, 20% for small fruits, and 11% of discard. There was a linear correlation between the fruit weight (W) and diameter (D) (W = 1.05 D - 14.71, R** = 0.99, p<0.01). The system used was efficient for grading cherry tomatoes by means of associating fruit diameter and weight. In addition, it was practical and simple.
Influence of Salmonine Predation and Weather on Long-Term Water Quality Trends in Lake Michigan

Trends in Lake Michigan water quality over 1975–84 appear to reflect reduced nutrient loadings as indicated by gradual declines in spring total phosphorus (TP) and summer epilimnetic chlorophyll a (Chl a). Deviations from these trends during 1977 and 1983–84 were apparently caused by abiotic and biotic factors, respectively. Prolonged ice cover during 1977 decreased sediment resuspension resulting in lower TP, reduced Chl a levels, and increased water clarity. A similar dramatic result occurred in 1983 and to a lesser extent in 1984, but via a different mechanism. Burgeoning populations of stocked salmonines reduced populations of the planktivorous alewife (Alosa pseudoharengus), which allowed large Daphnia to flourish. Because the Daphnia are more voracious and nonselective grazers than the formerly dominant calanoid copepods, they reduced seston concentrations, causing dramatic increases in Secchi disk transparency. These exceptions demonstrate the far-reaching consequences that unusual weather conditio.
Ant Reproductive Strategies and Sex Allocation Theory

Trivers and Hare (1976) predicted that the degree of genetic relatedness between hymenopteran workers and their brood is a fundamental factor in influencing the amount of resource allocated to the sexes. An analysis of a wide body of literature on ants (Family: Formicidae) strongly supports this genetic relatedness hypothesis (GRH). Their predictions on the differences in investment between monogynous, polygynous, slavemaking, and parasitic colonies are supported qualitatively and quantitatively both across and within species. Another explanation of female bias, local mate competition (LMC) (e.g., Alexander and Sherman, 1977), is found to be inconsistent with the data. The ratio of investment in species with non-conspecific brood care, most colonies producing either extremely male or female biased broods, as well as the suggestion that male ants may be highly limited in the number of females they can fertilize, are incompatible with LMC predictions. A limitation in the number of matings on the part of an individual male may mean that mating strategies in ant sexes could be quite different from those in most other species. The bimodal sexual investment pattern appears to be a mixed "evolutionary stable strategy and state" and seems proximately determined by the amount of food resources. Abundance favors females, scarcity favors males. Further utilization of game theory approaches may be quite useful in explaining both individual colony and population-level sexual investment values.
Box thorn, key early season host of the Mediterranean fruit fly

Abstract In the Mediterranean region, from November to early June, Mediterranean fruit fly or medfly (Ceratitis capitata Wiedemann) populations decrease drastically and in some places disappear. For area‐wide control or eradication programmes, it is important to know on which wild hosts a medfly population can establish itself and subsequently cause later in the season important losses in commercial crops. Trapping of medfly in a box thorn (Lycium europaeum L.) hedge of the oasis of Tozeur, Tunisia, indicates that despite this plant being largely neglected by medfly later in the year, it is a principal early‐spring host of the pest. Fruit infestation rate in May was c. 292 pupae/kg of fresh fruits and an average of two larvae per infested fruit. The trap capture rate was c. 26 flies/trap/h. The importance of this non‐commercial key‐host in the development and distribution of medfly population during the early season when no other host is available is discussed. The diurnal bimodal flight activity rhythm o.
Biology and Host Range of Gratiana spadicea (Klug, 1829) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Cassidinae), a Potential Biological Control Agent for the Weed Solanum sisymbriifolium Lamarck (Solanaceae) in South Africa

Abstract A leaf-feeding tortoise beetle (Gratiana spadicea) was screened as a potential biological control agent for the invasive exotic weed Solanum sisymbriifolium in South Africa. Favorable biological characteristics of G. spadicea include a high rate of increase, long-lived and mobile adults, several generations per year, and a high per capita feeding rate. Host range was investigated in larval survival tests and adult choice tests under laboratory conditions. Larvae were successfully reared on 8 of 11 indigenous Solanum species, on 4 of 5 exotic Solanum species (apart from S. sisymbriifolium), and on economically important S. melongena (eggplant) but not on any of the species of Datura, Nicandra, and Physalis tested. Very limited adult feeding and oviposition occurred on several of the indigenous Solanum species and on eggplant. These trials were conducted under quarantine conditions with the potential for laboratory artifacts. The poor larval survival on nonhosts and the inability of the agent to recognize nonhosts as oviposition sites supported a request for release of this agent, which was subsequently granted.
The effects of deicing salts on vegetation in Pinhook Bog, Indiana

A 4-year study identified the effects of road salt contamination on the vegetation of Pinhook Bog after operation of an uncovered salt storage pile adjacent to the bog for 10 years. Nearly all of the endemic plant species (excluding moat species) were absent from the portion of the bog where mean salt concentrations as high as 468 mg/L sodium and 1215 mg/L chloride were measured in the interstitial waters of the peat mat. Skeletons of dead tamaracks remained. The impacted area was invaded by nonbog species and dominated by Typha angustifolia. As salt concentrations decreased by over 50% in 4 years, many of the endemic bog plants, including Sphagnum, returned to the impacted area. Declines were noted in the abundance of some of the invading species, while others continued expansion. Many of the invading and reestablished bog plants are known to be both salt tolerant and pioneers in secondary succession of disturbed bogs.
Embriologia do siri Arenaeus cribrarius (Lamarck) (Crustacea, Brachyura, Portunidae)

Ovigerous females of Arenaeus cribrarius were collected at Ubatuba, Sao Paulo, and maintaining in aquaria under controlled temperature (25±1oC), salinity (35±1‰) and photoperiod (12:12). A small sample of eggs was collected for each 24h, for morphological description, chromatic changes and biometric analysis throughout the embryonic development. Eight egg stages were photographed and had their small and large diameters measured under a microscope provided with camera lucida. The egg's shape was low elliptical during all the embryogenesis and showed size increase (24.4%) and volume (91.1 %), when the last stage were compared with the first one. According to mean egg diameter and volume, the eggs should be pooled in three different groups (1-3; 4-6; 7-8) corresponding to initial, intermediate and final stages. The attained results were compared with the literature which emphasizing the species of Portunidae's family.
Changes in the tree and shrub layer of Wytham Woods (Southern England) 1974–2012: local and national trends compared

Changes in the woody composition of Wytham Woods since 1974 are described, related to national trends in broadleaved woodland, and used to suggest the impact of future changes such as from ash dieback disease (Chalara fraxinea). Data on the tree and shrub layer from 164 permanent 10×10 m plots distributed in a grid acrosstheWoodsarepresentedfrom1974,1991, 1999and 2012,onspecies occurrence,regeneration,contribution to the canopyand basal area. Variations in the current and past composition and structure of the Woods are relatedtopastforestrymanagementandnaturalsuccession/disturbanceprocesses.Theselargelymirrorchanges shownbyother surveysatanational level.Fraxinusexcelsiorhasbeenincreasingin prominenceacrosstheWoods since 1974, but its future is uncertain because of disease. The species most likely to increase if there is a severe decline in F. excelsior at Wytham appear to be Acer pseudoplatanus, Corylus avellana and Quercus robur. There are benefits from linking long-term studies at one site to wider less detailed surveys in order to explore the general applicability of the results.
Dietary manipulation to increase conjugated linoleic acids and other desirable fatty acids in beef: A review

The diet is the source of many essential fatty acids such as linoleic and linolenic acids for all mammals. These fatty acids either, as altered isomers or as other elongated products, have been found to provide unique advantages to human health. Currently two conjugated linoleic acids (CLA) isomers (cis-9, trans-11 C18:2; trans-10, cis-12 C18:2) and two elongated products of linolenic acid [eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, C20:5 n-3), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, C22:6 n-3)] have been recognized for their roles in maintaining human health. Consumers can obtain these functional fatty acids from beef if the feeding management of beef cattle can be altered to include precursor fatty acids. Diet, breed, and gender are important factors that affect total fat content and/or the fatty acid profile of beef with regard to CLA, EPA, and DHA. Diet provides the precursor fatty acids that are altered and deposited, and breed dictates, the amount of fat that is deposited. These fatty acids can be increased in beef by increasi.
Pattern of outbreaks of crown-of-thorns starfish (Acanthaster planci L.) along the great barrier reef since 1966

Two series of outbreaks of the crown-of-thorns starfish, Acanthaster planci (L.), have been recorded on the Great Barrier Reef since the early 1960s. Data from scientific surveys and reliable unpublished observations were analysed statistically to quantify the pattern of movement of these outbreaks. Data on outbreak populations were obtained from 84 and 97 reefs for the periods 1966-74 and 1979-91, respectively. Outbreaks during the former period were found to occur further south with time, their rate of movement increasing from 49 km year-1 in 1966 to almost 81 km year-1 by 1974. Two sets of outbreaks were identified during the 1979-91 period, one occurring to the north, and the other to the south, of latitude 16os. The 'southern drift' in outbreaks was found to be the more dominant of the two, 'travelling faster' for a greater period. Its initial rate of movement was estimated at 77 km year-1 compared with 57 km year -1 for the 'northern drift'. The latter travelled 150 km before it stopped in 1984. In contrast, the 'southern drift' had travelled a distance of 560 km by 1991, although it had also become almost stationary by then. Outbreaks that moved south during 1979-91 followed a path similar to those that occurred in the 1966-74 period. This similarity in the outbreak paths was particularly evident during the first 6 years of each period. In all, 35 reefs were recorded as experiencing both outbreaks, the average time between each being 14.68 years. The origin of the northern and southern patterns in the 1979-91 period was found to coincide, suggesting that the likely epicentre for primary outbreaks is close to latitude 16os.
Drought effects on damage by forest insects and pathogens: a meta‐analysis

In the context of climate change, the effects of prolonged or more severe droughts on pest and pathogen damage are a major concern for forest ecosystems. To date, there is great uncertainty about the direction, magnitude and sources of variation in responses to drought by insects and fungi. We report the outcomes of a meta‐analysis of 100 pairwise comparisons of insect pest or pathogen damage to water‐stressed and control trees from 40 publications. The type of feeding substrate for insects and fungi and the water stress severity emerged as the main factors influencing the level of damage in water‐stressed trees. Overall, primary damaging agents living in wood caused significantly lower damage to the water‐stressed trees compared with the control, whereas primary pests and pathogens living on foliage caused more damage to water‐stressed trees, in all cases irrespective of stress severity. In contrast, damage by secondary agents increased with stress severity, which was best estimated by the ratio between the predawn leaf water potential in stressed trees and the xylem pressure inducing 50% loss in hydraulic conductance due to cavitation, a species‐specific index of drought tolerance. Insect and fungus feeding behaviour, affected tree part, and water stress severity are therefore proposed as three important predictors of forest damage in drought conditions.