Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Indirect validation of the age-reading method for Pacific cod (Gadus macrocephalus) using otoliths from marked and recaptured fish

Two examples of indirect validation are described for age-read- ing methods of Pacific cod (Gadus macrocephalus). Aging criteria that exclude faint translucent zones (checks) in counts of annuli and cri- teria that include faint zones were both tested. Otoliths from marked and recaptured fish were used to back-calculate the length of each fish at the time of its release by using measurements of the area of annuli. Estimated fish size at time of release and actual observed fish size were similar, supporting the assumption that translucent zones are laid down on an annual basis. A second method for validating read- ing criteria used otolith age and von Bertalanffy parameters, estimated from the tagging data, to predict how much each fish grew in length after tagging. We found that otolith aging criteria applied to otoliths from tagged and recovered Pacific cod pre- dicted quite accurately the growth increments that we observed in these specimens. These results provide fur- ther evidence that the current aging criteria are not underestimating the age of the fish and support our cur- rent interpretation of checks (i.e., as subannual marks). We expect these indirect validations to advance age determination for Pacific cod, which in turn would enhance development of stock assessment methods based on age structure for this species in
Genetic Variation of Lime (Citrus sp.) Accessions Using Flow Cytometry Technique, Morphological Characteristics and Molecular Markers

Because of sexual propagation of Mexican lime in southern regions of Iran, there are many lime accessions (lime biotypes) in Mexican lime gardens in which appear some variation in fruit and tree shape. However, most of these accessions are susceptible to witches broom disease of lime (WBDL). Persian lime (C. latifolia Tanaka) is a triploid WBDL-tolerant species. Considerable number of un-described lime biotypes have been cultivated by farmers as Persian lime with no documented evidence related to their origin and genetic background. To unveil systematic modality of the lime accessions, we investigated 18 lime accessions collected from Fars, Hormozgan and Mazandaran provinces (Iran) using flow cytometry (FCM) approach, morphological characteristics, ISSR and SSR markers in 2016. The results of FCM revealed that 14 out of 18 lime accessions were triploid. Triploid accessions showed higher leaf dimension values together with lower stomata and secretory sacs density compared with diploid accessions. Application of SSR markers confirmed the obtained results of ploidy level determination using FCM and morphological analysis. Results of morphological and ISSR markers demonstrated that four out of 18 accessions were different from others and it was in correspondence with the results of FCM. SSR results also grouped the accessions in line of FCM. In conclusion, it has been shown that IFJKh, Cucumber-shaped lime and IFJKMes accessions, are diploid and their cultivation is not recommended in the infected regions to WBDL phytoplasma.
Munich Personal RePEc Archive Corruption , Tax Evasion and Social Values

We provide empirical support and a theoretical explanation for the vicious circle of political corruption and tax evasion in which countries often fall into. We address this issue in the context of a model with two distinct groups of agents: citizens and politicians. Citizens decide the fraction of their income for which they evade taxes. Politicians decide the fraction of the public budget that they peculate. We show that multiple self-fulfilling equilibria with different levels of corruption can emerge based on the existence of strategic complementarities, indicating that corruption may corrupt. Furthermore, we find that standard deterrence policies cannot eliminate multiplicity. Instead, policies that impose a strong moral cost on tax evaders and corrupt politicians can lead to a unique equilibrium. JEL Classification: D73; E62; H26
CHARACTERIZATION OF TRACES OF PREDATION AND PARASITISM ON FOSSIL ECHINOIDS

Abstract: Interactions with predators and parasites can result in traces found on Recent and fossil echinoids. However, identifying specific trace makers, particularly on fossil echinoids, remains contentious. To document the range of trace morphologies present on echinoids and improve our ability to identify and quantify biotic interactions affecting echinoids, we characterized traces found on fossil echinoids using museum collections and field sampling spanning the Jurassic to Recent worldwide. Using light microscopy, 8,564 individual echinoid specimens were examined including 130 species, and 516 traces of potential biotic interactions identified. Morphological characteristics were recorded for each trace, including the shape of the trace outline, maximum diameter and cross-section profile. Based on shared morphological characteristics, it was possible to classify all traces into eight categories: circular, subcircular, elongated, irregular, rectangular, figure-eight, notched, and linear. Cross-section characteristics provided additional insights into the identity of potential trace makers. To further evaluate the proposed biotic origins of these traces, trace diversity was examined through time and compared with anticipated ecological trends associated with the diversification of echinoids, and their predators and parasites. Trace diversity increased over time, starting in the late Eocene, coincident with the proliferation of echinoid-drilling gastropods, an indication that biotic interactions intensified through evolutionary time, as predicted by several macroevolutionary hypotheses previously tested using mollusks. The morphological descriptions provided here enhance our understanding of biotic traces on fossil echinoids, and the potential to identify temporal trends in the intensity and diversity of biotic interactions that have affected echinoids throughout their evolutionary history.
1 Spillover Effects of Unionisation on Non-members ’ Wellbeing

We investigate whether unionisation has a spillover wellbeing effect on non-members. To this end, we adapt the Social Custom Model of trade unions and conduct empirical analyses using linked employer-employee data on private establishments in Britain. We find that unionisation lowers non-members’ job satisfaction, but the effect is confined to workplaces where pay is set through collective bargaining.
Aggregate Asymmetry in Idiosyncratic Jump Risk∗

We study the structure and pricing of idiosyncratic jumps, i.e., jumps in asset prices that occur outside market-wide jump events. Using options on individual stocks and the market index that are close to expiration as well as local estimates of market betas from returns on the underlying assets, we estimate nonparametrically the asymmetry in the risk-neutral expected idiosyncratic variation, i.e., the difference in variation due to negative and positive returns, which asymptotically is solely attributed to jumps. We derive a feasible Central Limit Theorem that allows to quantify precision in the estimation, with the limiting distribution being mixed Gaussian. We find strong empirical evidence for aggregate asymmetry in idiosyncratic risk which shows that such risk clusters cross-sectionally. Our results reveal the existence and non-trivial pricing of aggregate downside tail risk in stocks during market-neutral systematic events as well as a negative skew in the cross-sectional return distribution during such episodes.
Corporate environmental disclosure, corporate governance and earnings management

Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to examine the association between corporate environmental disclosure (CED) and earnings management (EM) and the impact of corporate governance (CG) mechanisms on that association. Design/methodology/approach - The paper uses performance-matched discretionary accruals (DA) as a measure of EM. The paper also uses ordinary least square regression with robust standard errors to examine the association between CED and EM for a sample of 245 UK non-financial firms for the financial year ended on March 2007. Three different theoretical frameworks are used to identify the expected association between CER and EM. These include: signalling, agency and stakeholder-legitimacy theories. Findings - The paper finds no significant statistical association between various measures of DA and environmental disclosure. The paper also finds that some CG attributes affect the relationship between CER and EM. Practical implications - The result suggests that UK corporate managers are not using environmental disclosure as a technique to reduce the probability that public policy actions will be taken against their companies. Originality/value - Since most empirical research is limited to the US setting, this paper provides a novel contribution to the existing literature, as one of the first to examine this issue in the UK.
Effect of foliar application of growth regulators on biochemical attributes and grain yield in pearl millet

An experiment was conducted to determine the effect of foliar spray of brassinosteroid (BR), triacontanol, salicylic acid, naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) and mepiquat chloride on yield and biochemical parameters of pearl millet. Application of these growth regulators, increased the content of chlorophyll, soluble protein, nitrate reductase activity, uptake of nitrogen (N), grain yield, grain protein and total sugar content. Among the treatments, brassinosteriod (0.1 ppm) and triacontanol (10 ppm) were found to be the best in increasing the grain yield.
The Use of Modern Statistical Methods to Optimize Production Systems in Foundries

Conducting reliable and credible evaluation and statistical interpretation of empirical results related to the operation of production systems in foundries is for most managers complicated and labour-intensive. Additionally, in many cases, statistical evaluation is either ignored and considered a necessary evil, or is completely useless because of improper selection of methods and subsequent misinterpretation of the results. In this article, after discussing the key elements necessary for the proper selection of statistical methods, a wide spectrum of these methods has been presented, including regression analysis, uniand multivariate correlation, one-way analysis of variance for factorial designs, and selected forecasting methods. Each statistical method has been illustrated with numerous examples related to the foundry practice.
Holocene palaeohydrology and environmental history in the South Harghita Mountains, Romania Holocén hidrológiai és környezeti változások a romániai Dél-Hargita-hegységben

In this study we present the results of a multi-proxy investigation carried out on the sediment of a crater-lake – Saint Ana (Szent Anna-tó) – located in the Harghita Mts in the middle range of the East Carpathians in Romania. Pollen, plant macrofossil, siliceous algae and trace element analyses were used to reconstruct Holocene environmental and water-depth changes. Reconstruction of the Holocene lakeCorrespondent author: Enikõ Magyari 1University of Durham, Department of Archaeology, South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, United Kingdom 2Hungarian Natural History Museum, Department of Botany, H–1476 Budapest, PO. Box 222, Hungary 3University of Szeged, Department of Geology and Palaeontology, H–6722 Szeged, Egyetem utca 2–6, Hungary 4University of Debrecen, Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, H–4010 Debrecen, PO. Box 21, Hungary 5Institute of Nuclear Research of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Laboratory of Environmental Studies, H–4001 Debrecen, PO. Box 51, Hungary 6Babes Bolyai University of Cluj, Faculty of Geography, Department of Physical Geography, Str. Clincilor No. 5–7, RO–3400 Cluj-Napoca, Romania 7Eötvös Loránd University of Budapest, Department of Physical Geography, H–1117 Budapest, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/C, Hungary Földtani Közlöny 136/2, 249–284. (2006) Budapest
On the lack of robustness of hydrologic models regarding water balance simulation: a diagnostic approach applied to three models of increasing complexity on 20 mountainous catchments

This paper investigates the robustness of rainfall-runoff models when their parameters are transferred in time. More specifically, we propose an approach to diagnose their ability to simulate water balance on periods with different hydroclimatic characteristics. The testing procedure consists in a series of parameter calibrations over 10 yr periods and the systematic analysis of mean flow volume errors on long records. This procedure was applied to three conceptual models of increasing structural complexity over 20 mountainous catchments in southern France. The results showed that robustness problems are common. Errors on 10 yr mean flow volume were significant for all calibration periods and model structures. Various graphical and numerical tools were used to investigate these errors and unexpectedly strong similarities were found in the temporal evolutions of these volume errors. We indeed showed that relative changes in simulated mean flow between 10 yr periods can remain similar, regardless of the calibration period or the conceptual model used. Surprisingly, using longer records for parameters optimisation or using a semi-distributed 19-parameter daily model instead of a simple 1-parameter annual formula did not provide significant improvements regarding these simulation errors on flow volumes. While the actual causes for these robustness problems can be manifold and are difficult to identify in each case, this work highlights that the transferability of water balance adjustments made during calibration can be poor, with potentially huge impacts in the case of studies in non-stationary conditions.
Beyond Training: Supporting Teachers of Deaf Students with Additional Disabilities in the Classroom: A Qualitative Case Study

This study investigated teachers’ perceptions of the nature of support, or lack thereof, while teaching deaf students with additional disabilities (DSAD). A total of forty teachers, from five schools in four states in the United States, participated in the study. A content analysis of written responses to four open-ended questions, using a questionnaire survey was conducted. As a result, six themes emerged from the study, including (i) resources, (ii) managerial support, (iii) personnel staff services, (iv) team support, (v) mentoring, and (vi) professional development. Implications of the findings related to school administrators and preparation programs for educational leadership were discussed.
Universality limits for entire functions

Various statements on the distribution of eigenvalues of random matrices are obtained by considering the limiting behavior of the reproducing kernels of a certain naturally associated sequence of orthogonal polynomials. We establish a universal limiting behavior of this type in the case when the underlying measure does not have ﬁnite moments. In this case the orthogonal polynomials are replaced by a nested family of de Branges spaces of entire functions.
Major Considerations on the Lingual Orthodontics: A Systematic Review

In recent years, there has been a significant increase in the demand for orthodontic treatment for adult patients. For primarily aesthetic characteristic, the tongue device is an excellent alternative to meet the requirements of patients who value dental esthetics, since it allows the patient has a beautiful smile not just after, but also during the treatment. This study discusses the development of the lingual technique, its basic principles, advantages and disadvantages and point out differences with respect to the conventional technique, aiming to give a broad overview of the concepts of Lingual Orthodontics and confirm this technique as a safe option for correction and alignment of teeth.
Morphological observations and phylogenetic position of the parasitoid nanoflagellate Pseudopirsonia sp. (Cercozoa) infecting the marine diatom Coscinodiscus wailesii (Bacillariophyta)

Copyright © 2017 The Korean Society of Phycology 181 http://e-algae.org pISSN: 1226-2617 eISSN: 2093-0860 Morphological observations and phylogenetic position of the parasitoid nanoflagellate Pseudopirsonia sp. (Cercozoa) infecting the marine diatom Coscinodiscus wailesii (Bacillariophyta) Sunju Kim, Chang Beom Jeon and Myung Gil Park* Department of Oceanography, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Korea LOHABE, Department of Oceanography, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
Exhibiting Interaction: Conduct and Collaboration in Museums and Galleries

This article explores how individuals, both alone and together, examine exhibits in museums and galleries. Drawing on ethnomethodology and conversation analysis, it focuses on the ways in which visitors encounter and experience exhibits and how their activities are organized, at least in part, with intimate regard to the actions of others in the domain, both companions and “ strangers. ” This study contributes to the long-standing concerns of symbolic interactionism with (mutual) attention and involvement, materiality and social relations, and interpersonal communication. The data consist of video recordings of naturally occurring action and interaction in various museums and galleries. While guidebooks may suggest what a visitor should look at, and even the route that he or she should follow— and the meanings that the single individual might read into the objects encountered along the way— will only rarely coincide with the strategic thinking of the Museum’ s planners. How a visitor interacts with artworks and their settings is determined by personal needs, associations, biases, and fantasies rather than by institutional recommendations. In considering this history— that of response to, and reception of, the collections— the issue is not with the Museum dee ned by its ofe cial aims and aspirations, but with how it is reconstituted in the individual imagination. — Malcolm Baker and Brenda Richardson, A Grand Design Participation framework: when a word is spoken all those who happen to be in perceptual range of the event will have some sort of participation status relative to it. The codie cation of these various positions and the normative specie cations of appropriate conduct with each provide an essential background for interaction analysis— whether (I presume) in our own society or any other. — Erving Goffman, Forms of Talk
ON THE USE AND INTERPRETATION OF CERTAIN TEST CRITERIA FOR PURPOSES OF STATISTICAL INFERENCE PART I

In an earlier paper* we have endeavoured to emphasise the importance of placing in a logical sequence the stages of reasoning adopted in the solution of certain statistical problems, which may be termed problems of inference. In testing whether a given sample, Z, is likely to have been drawn from a population H, we have started from the simple principle that appears to be used in the judgments of ordinary life-that the degree of confidence placed in an hypothesis depends upon the relative probability or improbability of alternative hypotheses. From this point of view any criterion which is to assist in scaling the degree of confidence with which we accept or reject the hypothesis that X has been randomly drawn from HI should be one which decreases as the probability (defined in some definite manner) of alternative hypotheses becomes relatively greater. Now it is of course impossible in practice to scale the confidence with which we form a judgment with any single numerical criterion, partly because there will nearly always be present certain a priori conditions and limitations which cannot be expressed in exact terms. Yet though it may be irmpossible to bring the ideal situation into agreement with the real, some form of numerical measure is essential as a guide and control. In our previous paper we have made use of the criterion of likelihood. That there may be other forms of criteria or that this one can be interpreted in a different manner is very possible, but our object has been to find a single principle connecting the various sampling tests already in use, and one which could be extended to new problems.
Financial reporting quality and voluntary disclosures in private companies

This paper examines whether family ownership of private companies influences financial reporting quality and voluntary disclosures. Results reveal that family ownership impacts positively on financial reporting quality and on the likelihood of lodging abbreviated financial reports. While family-owned private companies have fewer incentives to provide voluntary information as they incur higher proprietary information costs, results support the argument that financial reporting quality and voluntary disclosure have different economic roles. Findings also suggest that lower voluntary disclosures do not necessarily imply financial reporting quality will be adversely affected, which has implications for policy makers and accounting standards setters. JEL Classification: M41, M43, M44, M47, M49, G34 Keywords Financial reporting quality, abbreviatedfinancial reports, voluntary disclosure, family ownership, private companies.
Nonparametric estimation of additive models with errors-in-variables

Abstract In the estimation of nonparametric additive models, conventional methods, such as backfitting and series approximation, cannot be applied when measurement error is present in a covariate. This paper proposes a two-stage estimator for such models. In the first stage, to adapt to the additive structure, we use a series approximation together with a ridge approach to deal with the ill-posedness brought by mismeasurement. We derive the uniform convergence rate of this first-stage estimator and characterize how the measurement error slows down the convergence rate for ordinary/super smooth cases. To establish the limiting distribution, we construct a second-stage estimator via one-step backfitting with a deconvolution kernel using the first-stage estimator. The asymptotic normality of the second-stage estimator is established for ordinary/super smooth measurement error cases. Finally, a Monte Carlo study and an empirical application highlight the applicability of the estimator.