Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
VoIgt profile Parameter Estimation Routine (viper): H I photoionization rate at z < 0.5

We have developed a parallel code called "VoIgt profile Parameter Estimation Routine (VIPER)" for automatically fitting the H I Ly-$\alpha$ forest seen in the spectra of QSOs. We obtained the H I column density distribution function (CDDF) and line width ($b$) parameter distribution for $z < 0.45$ using spectra of 82 QSOs obtained using Cosmic Origins Spectrograph and VIPER. Consistency of these with the existing measurements in the literature validate our code. By comparing this CDDF with those obtained from hydrodynamical simulation, we constrain the H I photoionization rate ($\Gamma_{\rm HI}$) at $z < 0.45$ in four redshift bins. The VIPER, together with the Code for Ionization and Temperature Evolution (CITE) we have developed for GADGET-2, allows us to explore parameter space and perform $\chi^2$ minimization to obtain $\Gamma_{\rm HI}$. We notice that the $b$ parameters from the simulations are smaller than what are derived from the observations. We show the observed $b$ parameter distribution and $b$ vs $\log {\rm N_{HI}}$ scatter can be reproduced in simulation by introducing sub-grid scale turbulence. However, it has very little influence on the derived $\Gamma_{\rm HI}$. The $\Gamma_{\rm HI}(z)$ obtained here, $(3.9 \pm 0.1) \times 10^{-14} \; (1+z)^{4.98 \pm 0.11} \;{\rm s^{-1}}$, is in good agreement with those derived by us using flux based statistics in the previous paper. These are consistent with the hydrogen ionizing ultra-violet (UV) background being dominated mainly by QSOs without needing any contribution from the non-standard sources of the UV photons.
Highly Miniaturized Self-Quadruplexing Antenna Based on Substrate-Integrated Rectangular Cavity

This letter introduces a novel self-quadruplexing antenna (SQA) architecture using a substrate-integrated rectangular cavity (SIRC) for compact size, wide-frequency redesignability, and high isolation responses. The proposed SQA is developed by engraving two U-shaped slots (USSs) on the top conductor of the SIRC. The USSs are excited by employing four microstrip feedlines to achieve SQA characteristics. The operating frequencies can be tuned independently according to the assumed targets, with a wide tuning range from 2.3 to 7 GHz. The dimensions of USSs are meticulously chosen to achieve high isolation and compact size. An equivalent circuit is suggested to validate the proposed SQA. Finally, the SQA operating at 2.33, 2.96, 5.43, and 6.15 GHz is fabricated and validated. As compared to the earlier SQAs, the proposed antenna offers competitive performance with a compact size of 0. 124λ2 (45.6% smaller than the most compact SQA reported in the literature), high isolation of 32.5 dB, and a wide tunable range from 2.3 to 7 GHz. Its measured gain is 4.31, 3.39, 6.12, and 4.34dBi at 2.33, 2.96, 5.43, and 6.15 GHz, respectively.
Thermal conductivity across the phase diagram of cuprates: Low-energy quasiparticles and doping dependence of the superconducting gap

Heat transport in the cuprate superconductors ${\mathrm{YBa}}_{2}{\mathrm{Cu}}_{3}{\mathrm{O}}_{y}$ and ${\mathrm{La}}_{2\ensuremath{-}x}{\mathrm{Sr}}_{x}{\mathrm{CuO}}_{4}$ was measured at low temperatures as a function of doping. A residual linear term ${\ensuremath{\kappa}}_{0}/T$ is observed throughout the superconducting region and it decreases steadily as the Mott insulator is approached from the overdoped regime. The low-energy quasiparticle gap extracted from ${\ensuremath{\kappa}}_{0}/T$ is seen to scale closely with the pseudogap. The ubiquitous presence of nodes and the tracking of the pseudogap shows that the overall gap remains of the pure d-wave form throughout the phase diagram, which excludes the possibility of a complex component $(\mathrm{ix})$ appearing at a putative quantum phase transition and argues against a nonsuperconducting origin to the pseudogap. A comparison with superfluid density measurements reveals that the quasiparticle effective charge is weakly dependent on doping and close to unity.
PM2.5 Spatiotemporal Evolution and Drivers in the Yangtze River Delta between 2005 and 2015

High concentrations of PM2.5 are a primary cause of haze in the lower atmosphere. A better understanding of the spatial heterogeneity and driving factors of PM2.5 concentrations is important for effective regional prevention and control. In this study, we carried out remote sensing inversion of PM2.5 concentration data over a long time series and used spatial statistical analyses and a geographical detector model to reveal the spatial distribution and variation characteristics of PM2.5 and the main influencing factors in the Yangtze River Delta from 2005 to 2015. Our results show that (1) The average annual PM2.5 concentration in the Yangtze River Delta prior to 2007 displayed an increasing trend, followed by a decreasing trend after 2007 which eventually stabilized; and (2) climate regionalization and geomorphology were the dominant natural factors driving PM2.5 concentration diffusion, while total carbon dioxide emissions and population density were the dominant socioeconomic factors affecting the formation of PM2.5. Natural factors and socioeconomic factors together lead to PM2.5 pollution. These findings provide an interpretation of PM2.5 spatial distribution and the mechanisms influencing PM2.5 pollution, which can help the Chinese government develop effective abatement strategies.
Cretaceous‐Paleocene Evolution and Crustal Structure of the Northern Vøring Margin (Offshore Mid‐Norway): Results from Integrated Geological and Geophysical Study

We present results of a multidisciplinary study of the northern segment of the Vøring volcanic rifted margin, offshore mid‐Norway. This segment represents a transitional margin domain that is less investigated compared to the adjacent segments of the margin. In order to understand the geological evolution of the study area, we performed an integrated interpretation of an extensive geological and geophysical data set. This data set includes recently acquired and reprocessed 2‐D reflection seismic, published refraction data and potential field data, as well as new borehole data. Two‐dimensional potential field modeling was performed to better assess the crustal architecture and evolution of the northern Vøring Margin. We then consider how crustal‐scale structures and processes affected the basin formation. The outer and distal northern Vøring Margin represents a series of deep Cretaceous (Træna Basin and Någrind Syncline) and Cretaceous‐Paleocene (Hel Graben) sag subbasins underlain by a significantly thinned continental crust. These subbasins developed in between structural highs (Utgard, Nyk, and Grimm Highs), which are underlain by a thicker crust and interpreted as a series of rigid continental blocks (“buffers”). In addition to the regional Late Jurassic‐Early Cretaceous rifting events, we found structural evidence of local Neocomian and mid‐Cretaceous extensional reactivation affecting the northern segment of the Vøring Basin. During the mid‐Late Cretaceous‐Paleocene, the extensional axis within the Vøring Basin province migrated sequentially northwestward to the present‐day continent‐ocean “boundary”. We also show fundamental differences between the volcanic rifted mid‐Norwegian Margin and nonvolcanic (Iberian‐type) margins and how preexisting structures events can shape the evolution and architecture of the margin.
Quasiregular self-mappings of manifolds and word hyperbolic groups

Abstract An extension of a result of Sela shows that if Γ is a torsion-free word hyperbolic group, then the only homomorphisms Γ→Γ with finite-index image are the automorphisms. It follows from this result and properties of quasiregular mappings, that if M is a closed Riemannian n-manifold with negative sectional curvature ($n\neq 4$), then every quasiregular mapping f:M→M is a homeomorphism. In the constant-curvature case the dimension restriction is not necessary and Mostow rigidity implies that f is homotopic to an isometry. This is to be contrasted with the fact that every such manifold admits a non-homeomorphic light open self-mapping. We present similar results for more general quotients of hyperbolic space and quasiregular mappings between them. For instance, we establish that besides covering projections there are no π1-injective proper quasiregular mappings f:M→N between hyperbolic 3-manifolds M and N with non-elementary fundamental group.
A comparative decision analysis with THOR and TODIM : rental evaluation in Volta Redonda

This short communication presents a comparison between the applications of THOR and TODIM to the same data. Those data were surveyed in the city of Volta Redonda, Brazil, and presented in Gomes and Rangel (2009). The multicriteria problem tackled by both methods is the evaluation of residential properties for rent. The applications of THOR and TODIM were complemented by an analysis of the sensitivity of the numerical results obtained. Both tools produce quite similar ranks, in spite of the fact that they are based on different core principles.
X-RAY EVIDENCE FOR A POLE-DOMINATED CORONA ON AB DOR

A fine analysis of spectral line widths and Doppler shifts employing Fourier transform and cross-correlation techniques has been applied to Chandra HETG spectra obtained in 1999 October of the rapidly rotating young star AB Doradus in order to investigate its coronal topology. The observation lasted 52.3 ks, covering 1.2 rotation periods. The X-ray light curve obtained from integrating the dispersed signal revealed a moderate intensity flare midway through the exposure in which the count rate increased sharply by about 50% and subsequently decayed over the next 10 ks. We find no significant Doppler shifts in the spectra or modulation of the light curve that could be attributed to rotation of dominant coronal structures at this epoch. Individual spectral line widths are statistically consistent with thermal broadening and formally require no rotational broadening, while the 1 &sgr; ? > limit to rotational broadening corresponds to a compact corona restricted to latitudes <57°. Fourier analysis suggests a small amount of rotational broadening is present consistent with a corona restricted largely to the poles, and excludes models with surface rotational broadening or greater. These results present direct spectroscopic evidence that the dominant coronal activity on rapidly rotating active stars is associated with the dark polar spots commonly seen in photospheric Doppler images and support models in which these spots are of mixed magnetic polarity that forms closed loops.
Kinetic Energy Driven Superconductivity in the Electron Doped Cobaltate NaxCoO2·yH2O

Within the charge-spin separation fermion-spin theory, we show that the mechanism of superconductivity in the electron doped cobaltate NaxCoO2·yH2O is ascribed to its kinetic energy. The dressed fermions interact occurring directly through the kinetic energy by exchanging magnetic excitations. This interaction leads to a net attractive force between dressed fermions, then the electron Cooper pairs originating from the dressed fermion pairing state are due to the charge-spin recombination, and their condensation reveals the superconducting ground state. The superconducting transition temperature is identical to the dressed fermion pair transition temperature, and is suppressed to a lower temperature due to the strong magnetic frustration. The optimal superconducting transition temperature occurs in the electron doping concentration δ≈0.29, and then decreases for both underdoped and overdoped regimes, in qualitative agreement with the experimental results.
Force Sharing Problem During Gait Using Inverse Optimal Control

Human gait patterns have been intensively studied, both from medical and engineering perspectives, to understand and compensate pathologies. However, the muscle-force sharing problem is still debated as acquiring individual muscle force measurements is challenging, requiring the use of invasive devices. Recent studies, using various objective functions, suggest muscle-force sharing may result from an optimization process. This study proposes using inverse optimal control to identify an objective function. Two popular methods of inverse optimal control, bilevel and inverse Karush-Kuhn-Tucker, were investigated. The identified objective functions were then used to predict muscle forces during gait, and their performances were compared to an exhaustive list of biological cost functions from the literature. The best prediction was achieved by the bilevel inverse optimal control method, with a root-mean-squared error of 176 N (162 N) and a correlation coefficient of 0.76 (0.68) for the stance (swing) phase of the gait cycle. These muscle force predictions were thereafter used to compute joint stiffness, exhibiting an average root-mean-square error of 42 Nm.rad$^{-1}$ and a correlation coefficient of 0.90 when compared to the reference. The bilevel method's prevalence in terms of robustness over inverse Karush-Kuhn-Tucker was demonstrated on human data and explained on a toy example.
Single-mode approximation in a spinor-1 atomic condensate

We investigate the validity conditions of the single-mode approximation (SMA) in a spinor-1 atomic condensate when effects due to residual magnetic fields are negligible. For atomic interactions of the ferromagnetic type, the SMA is shown to be exact, with a mode function different from what is commonly used. However, the quantitative deviation is small under current experimental conditions (for (87)Rb atoms). For antiferromagnetic interactions, we find that the SMA becomes invalid in general. The differences among the mean-field mode functions for the three spin components are shown to depend strongly on the system magnetization. Our results can be important for studies of beyond mean-field quantum correlations, such as fragmentation, spin squeezing, and multipartite entanglement.
A Study of Exclusive Nonleptonic Decays of $B$ Mesons into Final States of Strange Mesons and 1S or 2S Charmonia

[abridged] Bound states of heavy quarks can serve as a laboratory for inquiry into the behaviour of the fundamental strong and electroweak interactions. This thesis examines observations of B0, B0bar, and B+- mesons produced in proton-antiproton collisions at centre-of-mass energies of sqrt{s}=1.8 TeV. The B-meson decay products are recorded using the Collider Detector at Fermilab (CDF) located on the Tevatron collider at Fermilab, USA. Four B-meson decays and their charge conjugates are studied: B+ -> J/psi K+, B0 -> J/psi K*(892)0, B+ -> psi(2S) K+, and B0 -> psi(2S) K*(892)0. Using a data sample corresponding to a time-integrated luminosity of (109 +- 7)/pb, statistically significant signals are observed in all the channels. Topological similarities between the B decays are exploited to measure the six relative branching fractions (Br) of each channel with respect to the other channels. The ratios involving the B+ -> J/psi K+ mode are Br(B0 -> J/psi K*(892)0) / Br(B+ -> J/psi K+) = 1.76 +- 0.14[stat] +- 0.15[syst], Br(B+ -> psi(2S) K+) / Br(B+ -> J/psi K+) = 0.558 +- 0.082[stat] +- 0.056[syst], and Br(B0 -> psi(2S) K*(892)0) / Br(B+ -> J/psi K+) = 0.908 +- 0.194[stat] +- 0.100[syst]. The indicated uncertainties are statistical and systematic, respectively. In ratios involving unlike B-meson species, equal production rates for B+ and B0 mesons have been assumed. The B+ -> psi(2S) K+ and B0 -> psi(2S) K*(892)0 reconstructions are the first observations of these processes at a hadron collider. The branching-fraction ratio measurements are consistent with phenomenological predictions that employ the factorization Ansatz, and the derived absolute branching-fraction measurements are consistent with previous world-average limits and values from e+e- colliders. [abridged]
LINEAR WAVE EQUATIONS AND EFFECTIVE LAGRANGIANS FOR WIGNER SUPERMULTIPLETS

The relevance of the contracted SU(4) group as a symmetry group of the pion-nucleon scattering amplitudes in the large Nc limit of QCD raises the problem of the construction of effective Lagrangians for SU(4) supermultiplets. In this study we suggest effective Lagrangians for self-conjugate representations of SU(4) in exploiting isomorphism between SO(6) and its universal covering SU(4). The model can be viewed as an extension of the linear σ model with SO(6) symmetry in place of SO(4) and generalizes the concept of the linear wave equations for particles with arbitrary spin. We show that the vector representation of SU(4) reduces on the SO(4) level to a complexified quaternion. Its real part gives rise to the standard linear σ model with a hedgehog configuration for the pion field, whereas the imaginary part describes vector meson degrees of freedom via purely transversal ρ mesons for which a helical field configuration is predicted. As a minimal model, baryonic states are suggested to appear as solitons of that quaternion.
Multiple emission line components in detached post-common-envelope binaries

Motivated by the recent discovery of an H alpha emission line component originating close to the white dwarf primary in the post-common-envelope binary (PCEB) LTT 560, we have undertaken a spectroscopic snapshot survey on 11 short-period (P(orb) < 6 h) PCEBs using FORS2. We have found multi-component H alpha emission line profiles in six of our targets, indicating that multiple H alpha emission sites are rather common in short-period PCEBs. The underlying physical mechanisms, however, can be fundamentally different. In our sample we find one system where the extracted radial velocities of two identified components indicate that both originate in the late-type secondary star, where one is caused by irradiation from the hot white dwarf primary and the other by stellar activity. Another object presents two components that are located on opposite sides of the centre-of-mass, suggesting a case similar to LTT 560, i.e. that accretion of stellar wind from the secondary star produces H alpha emission on, or close to, the white dwarf.
THE REFLECTION-SYMMETRIC WIGGLE OF THE YOUNG PROTOSTELLAR JET HH 211

HH 211 is a highly collimated jet originating from a nearby young Class 0 protostar. Here is a follow-up study of the jet with our previous observations at unprecedented resolution up to ∼0. ″3 in SiO (J = 8–7), CO (J = 3–2), and SO (NJ = 89–78). SiO, CO, and SO can all be a good tracer of the HH 211 jet, tracing the internal shocks in the jet. Although the emissions of these molecules show roughly the same morphology of the jet, there are detailed differences. In particular, the CO emission traces the jet closer to the source than the SiO and SO emissions. In addition, in the better resolved internal shocks, both the CO and SO emission are seen slightly ahead of the SiO emission. The jet is clearly seen on both sides of the source with more than one cycle of wiggle. The wiggle is reflection-symmetric about the source and can be reasonably fitted by an orbiting source jet model. The best-fit parameters suggest that the source itself could be a very low mass protobinary with a total mass of ∼60 MJup and a binary separation of ∼4.6 AU. The abundances of SiO and SO in the gas phase are found to be highly enhanced in the jet as compared to the quiescent molecular clouds, even close to within 300 AU from the source where the dynamical timescale is <10 yr. The abundance enhancements of these molecules are closely related to the internal shocks. The detected SiO is either the consequence of the release of Si-bearing material from dust grains or of its formation via gas chemistry in the shocks. The SO, on the other hand, seems to form via gas chemistry in the shocks.
SIMULATING HIGH-INTENSITY PROTON BEAMS IN NONLINEAR LATTICES WITH PyORBIT

High-intensity proton linacs and storage rings are essential for a) state-of-the-art neutron source user facilities, b) extending the high-energy physics intensity frontier, c) as a driver to generate pions for a future neutrino factory or muon collider, and d) for transmutation of radioactive waste and associated energy production. For example, Project X at Fermilab will deliver MW proton beams at energies ranging from 3 to 120 GeV. Nonlinear magnetic lattices with large tune spreads and with integrable, nearly integrable and chaotic dynamics have been proposed to maximize dynamic aperture and minimize particle loss. We present PyORBIT simulations of proton dynamics in such lattices, including the effects of transverse space charge for the first time.
ULTRA-COMPACT DWARFS IN THE COMA CLUSTER

We have undertaken a spectroscopic search for ultra-compact dwarf galaxies (UCDs) in the dense core of the dynamically evolved, massive Coma cluster as part of the Hubble Space Telescope/Advanced Camera for Surveys (HST/ACS) Coma Cluster Treasury Survey. UCD candidates were initially chosen based on color, magnitude, degree of resolution within the ACS images, and the known properties of Fornax and Virgo UCDs. Follow-up spectroscopy with Keck/Low-Resolution Imaging Spectrometer confirmed 27 candidates as members of the Coma cluster, a success rate >60% for targeted objects brighter than MR = −12. Another 14 candidates may also prove to be Coma members, but low signal-to-noise spectra prevent definitive conclusions. An investigation of the properties and distribution of the Coma UCDs finds these objects to be very similar to UCDs discovered in other environments. The Coma UCDs tend to be clustered around giant galaxies in the cluster core and have colors/metallicity that correlate with the host galaxy. With properties and a distribution similar to that of the Coma cluster globular cluster population, we find strong support for a star cluster origin for the majority of the Coma UCDs. However, a few UCDs appear to have stellar population or structural properties which differentiate them from the old star cluster populations found in the Coma cluster, perhaps indicating that UCDs may form through multiple formation channels.
Next-Generation Sequencing of Carbapenem-Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae Strains Isolated from Patients Hospitalized in the University Hospital Facilities

Carbapenem-resistant (CR) Klebsiella pneumoniae represents an urgent worldwide threat. We focused on CR K. pneumoniae in selected facilities of the University Hospital Bratislava (UHB) to investigate sequence types (STs), clonal relatedness, and antimicrobial resistance. Suspected carbapenem-nonsusceptible K. pneumoniae strains were obtained from hospitalized patients. Further examination included carbapenemase confirmation, cgMLST, and quantitative susceptibility testing. Of the total 41 CR K. pneumoniae strains, 26 (63.4%) were determined as ST11 in hospital No. 1; of these ST11, 22 (84.6%) were found in the first internal clinic. Six (14.6%) ST258 and three (7.3%) ST584 occurred in hospital No. 2; the most, i.e., four (66.7%), ST258 were detected in the geriatric clinic. In hospital No. 3, we found two (4.8%) ST584 and one (2.4%) ST258. Of the ST11 set, 24 (92.3%) produced NDM-1. Furthermore, seven (87.5) ST258 and five (100%) ST584 strains generated KPC-2. Antimicrobial resistance was as follows: ertapenem 97.6%, meropenem 63.4%, tigecycline 7.3%, eravacycline 7.3%, and colistin 2.5%. We revealed a presumably epidemiological association of ST11 with transmission, particularly in the first internal clinic of hospital No. 1, while ST258 and ST584 were related to interhospital dissemination between medical facilities No. 2 and No. 3. It is essential to prevent the circulation of these pathogens within and between healthcare facilities.
Integrable cases of gravitating static isothermal fluid spheres

It is shown that diﬀerent approaches towards the solution of the Einstein equations for a static spherically symmetric perfect ﬂuid with a γ -law equation of state lead to an Abel diﬀerential equation of the second kind. Its only integrable cases at present are ﬂat spacetime, de Sitter solution and its Buchdahl transform, Einstein static universe and the Klein-Tolman solution.