Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Does the Sun Have a Full-Time COmosphere?

Off-limb emissions of solar 4.7 μm rovibrational bands of carbon monoxide, recorded under excellent observing conditions with the Infrared Imaging Spectrograph at the McMath-Pierce telescope, are compared with theoretical translimb CO simulations based on time slices from the Carlsson & Stein dynamical model of chromospheric "K grains. " In the Carlsson-Stein view, the solar outer atmosphere—in nonmagnetic internetwork regions—is a spatially and temporally intermittent wave-driven phenomenon, yielding an average thermal profile in the classical low chromosphere that is cool, not hot. Recent papers by Kalkofen and collaborators have criticized the dynamical model in favor of traditional "layered" stratifications, in which temperatures vary smoothly with altitude and are warm throughout the chromosphere. The present work sharpens the controversy by reiterating that traditional models with warm thermal profiles in the altitude range 500-1000 km fail two key "infrared CO" tests. The same tests reveal that the Carlsson-Stein dynamical model—which Kalkofen et al. argue is too cool in the low chromosphere—is not cold enough. Equally important, there need not be any contradiction between the existence of cool gas above the classical temperature minimum and observations of ubiquitous ultraviolet emission from the solar outer atmosphere, a central criticism by Kalkofen and collaborators of a full-time cold "COmosphere. "
Immunophenotyping of Circulating and Intratumoral Myeloid and T Cells in Glioblastoma Patients

Simple Summary Immune-therapeutical approaches still are not as impactful in glioblastoma (GBM) as in other types of cancer. Due to its unique pathoanatomical localization behind the bony skull, GBM samples are not as easy to obtain, so understanding the immuno-phenotypes in GBM is challenging. Here we present a thorough characterization of the immune status in the GBM tumor microenvironment (TME) and the circulation of the patients compared to a matched proband cohort. Abstract Glioblastoma is the most common and lethal primary brain malignancy that almost inevitably recurs as therapy-refractory cancer. While the success of immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) revealed the immense potential of immune-targeted therapies in several types of cancers outside the central nervous system, it failed to show objective responses in glioblastoma patients as of now. The ability of glioblastoma cells to drive multiple modes of T cell dysfunction while exhibiting low-quality neoepitopes, low-mutational load, and poor antigen priming limits anti-tumor immunity and efficacy of antigen-unspecific immunotherapies such as ICB. An in-depth understanding of the GBM immune landscape is essential to delineate and reprogram such immunosuppressive circuits during disease progression. In this view, the present study aimed to characterize the peripheral and intratumoral immune compartments of 35 glioblastoma patients compared to age- and sex-matched healthy control probands, particularly focusing on exhaustion signatures on myeloid and T cell subsets. Compared to healthy control participants, different immune signatures were already found in the peripheral circulation, partially related to the steroid medication the patients received. Intratumoral CD4+ and CD8+ TEM cells (CD62Llow/CD45ROhigh) revealed a high expression of PD1, which was also increased on intratumoral, pro-tumorigenic macrophages/microglia. Histopathological analysis further identified high PSGL-1 expression levels of the latter, which has recently been linked to increased metastasis in melanoma and colon cancer via P-selectin-mediated platelet activation. Overall, the present study comprises immunophenotyping of a patient cohort to give implications for eligible immunotherapeutic targets in neurooncology in the future.
Discrete Conduche Fibrations and C*-algebras

The higher rank graphs of Kumjian and Pask are discrete Conduche fibrations over the monoid of k-tuples of natural numbers for some k in which every morphism in the base has a finite preimage under the the fibration. We examine the generalization of this construction to discrete Conduche fibrations with the same finiteness condition and a lifting property for completions of cospans to commutative squares, over any category satisfying a strong version of the right Ore condition, including all categories with pullbacks and right Ore categories in which all morphisms are monic.
Association Between Physical Activity and Type 2 Diabetes Using the International Physical Activity Questionnaires: A Case-Control Study at a Health Promoting Hospital in Chiang Mai, Northern Thailand

Background Health education and promotion is active in Thailand where diabetes is prevalent at 11.6% of the general adult population in 2021. Purpose This study aimed to describe and compare the levels of physical activity between patients with newly diagnosed diabetes and non-diabetic controls in northern Thailand. Methods This observational case–control study included participants aged between 25 and 74 years in Chiang Mai. We recruited 150 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) at Sanpatong District Hospital and 150 control participants (non-T2DM) in the community. Interviews were conducted using the International Physical Activity Questionnaires–Short Form. Anthropometric measurements and social demographic information were collected from both patients and controls in 2019. Results The mean age of the participants was 58.8 ± 8.4 years in the T2DM group and 56.5 ± 9.9 years in the non-T2DM group. Compared to controls, patients with T2DM had received significantly more physical activity education (P < 0.001, Fisher’s test). Most cases (93.3%) had received such education at a hospital or health center. The median total metabolic equivalents (METs) minutes per week (min/week) for participants in the T2DM group were higher than those in the non-T2DM group (2726 vs 1140 METs min/week) (P < 0.001, Mann–Whitney test). Comparing the case and control groups in the category of PA level, we found that the case group had a higher proportion of high-level physical activity (P < 0.001, chi-square test). Conclusion Diabetes patients attending a community hospital exhibited high levels of physical activity. The majority of them received education related physical activity from a primary health care service.
Perception and Uptake of Covid-19 Vaccination among Drivers in Akure South, Ondo State, Nigeria

Background:The administration of vaccines is one of the important ways to stop the spread of Covid-19 that has claimed and still claiming many lives all over the world. Aim: This study examines the perception and uptake of people towards Covid-19 vaccination among drivers in Akure South, Ondo State. Methodology: Thirty (30) respondents were selected using simple random techniques from each of the four major motor parks in Akure South making 120 respondents in all. Data collected was analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 22. The study employed mixed methods of quantitative and qualitative designs. Data were collected using questionnaire and indepth methods. Results: Result showed that 72.5% had good knowledge while 55.0% had positive attitude towards covid-19 vaccine uptake. However, only 32% of respondents have taken the covid-19 vaccine though perception of respondents is moderately high (66.7%). There is significant relationship exist between perception and attitude towards uptake of covid-19 vaccine (χ2=271.22, p=0.043). Conclusion: The study concludes that continuous public enlightenment will further improve the acceptability and uptake of the covid-19 vaccine among the people of Akure South.
On local integration of Lie brackets

Abstract We give a direct, explicit and self-contained construction of a local Lie groupoid integrating a given Lie algebroid which only depends on the choice of a spray vector field lifting the underlying anchor map. This construction leads to a complete account of local Lie theory and, in particular, to a finite-dimensional proof of the fact that the category of germs of local Lie groupoids is equivalent to that of Lie algebroids.
Never, Ever Make an Enemy… Out of an Anemone: Transcriptomic Comparison of Clownfish Hosting Sea Anemone Venoms

Sea anemones are predatory marine invertebrates and have diverse venom arsenals. Venom is integral to their biology, and is used in competition, defense, and feeding. Three lineages of sea anemones are known to have independently evolved symbiotic relationships with clownfish, however the evolutionary impact of this relationship on the venom composition of the host is still unknown. Here, we investigate the potential of this symbiotic relationship to shape the venom profiles of the sea anemones that host clownfish. We use transcriptomic data to identify differences and similarities in venom profiles of six sea anemone species, representing the three known clades of clownfish-hosting sea anemones. We recovered 1121 transcripts matching verified toxins across all species, and show that hemolytic and hemorrhagic toxins are consistently the most dominant and diverse toxins across all species examined. These results are consistent with the known biology of sea anemones, provide foundational data on venom diversity of these species, and allow for a review of existing hierarchical structures in venomic studies.
Determinants of access to trainings on post – harvest loss management among maize farmers in Uganda: a binary logistic regression approach

Abstract Post-harvest losses (PHL) reported in maize production put Sub-Saharan African countries at higher risks of food insecurity. Recent studies reported that higher percentage of PHLs occur during the production stage when farmers are in full control of the crop, suggesting that farmers are not equipped with PHL management skills. This study therefore aimed at assessing the determinants of access to trainings on PHL management among maize farmers in Uganda. Primary data were drawn from 246 randomly sampled farmers in Alebtong District followed by Binary logit analysis. The results depicted that majority of the farmers (58%) did not have access to PHL management trainings. However, those who had access sourced it from extension workers (40.65%), farmers’ groups (22.76%) and farmer-to-farmer trainings (12.20%). The main barriers limiting access to the trainings were unawareness of the PHL trainings and inaccessibility of the training centers. Farm size, group membership, maize output and marital status had positive effect on farmers’ access to PHL management trainings while farm location, and distance to the training centers had a negative effect on access to PHL management trainings. Based on the findings, there is need for public sensitization on the benefits of the PHL trainings, farmers should also be motivated to join farmer-based groups and association where they would learn more about the PHL trainings. In addition, the government should open more training centers and employ more training agents so that many farmers can be reached and trained on how to handle and mitigate PHLs in maize.
Challenge or Hindrance? The Dual Path Effect of Perceived Task Demand on In-Role Performance and Work Fatigue

The evidence for the existence of perceived task demand is paradoxical. The purpose of the present study is to explore whether perceived task demand is a challenge or a hindrance stressor. To achieve this research purpose, based on conservation of resources theory, a conceptual model is developed that utilizes both a resource acquisition path and a resource depletion path. Using the experience-sampling method, over five consecutive days, 370 matched data were collected via mobile phone from 74 full-time employees in mainland China. The results show that perceived task demand has the characteristics of both challenge and hindrance stressors. On the one hand, perceived task demand enhances employees’ cognitive engagement, thereby facilitating task performance (resource acquisition path). On the other hand, perceived task demand boosts employees’ cognitive strain, thereby increasing work fatigue and decreasing in-role performance (resource depletion path). This research offers a comprehensive understanding of perceived task demand and provides strategies for task demand management.
Applications of the duality between the Complex Monge-Amp\`ere Equation and the Hele-Shaw flow

We give two applications of the the duality between the complex Homogeneous Monge-Amp\`ere Equation (HMAE) and the Hele-Shaw flow. First, we prove existence of smooth boundary data for which the weak solution to the Dirichlet problem for the HMAE over $\mathbb P^1\times \overline{\mathbb D}$ is not twice differentiable at a given collection of points, and also examples that are not twice differentiable along a set of codimension one in $\mathbb{P}^1\times \partial \mathbb{D}$. Second, we produce explicit families of smooth geodesic rays in the space of K\"ahler metrics on $\mathbb P^1$ and on the unit disc $\mathbb D$ that are constructed from an exhausting family of increasing smoothly varying simply connected domains.
Spectral Sets: Numerical Range and Beyond

We extend the proof in [M. ~Crouzeix and C. ~Palencia, {\em The numerical range is a $(1 + \sqrt{2})$-spectral set}, SIAM Jour. ~Matrix Anal. ~Appl. , 38 (2017), pp.~649-655] to show that other regions in the complex plane are $K$-spectral sets. In particular, we show that various annular regions are $(1 + \sqrt{2} )$-spectral sets and that a more general convex region with a circular hole in it is a $(3 + 2 \sqrt{3} )$-spectral set.
Direct Method for Reconstructing the Radiating Part of a Planar Source from Its Far-Fields

A planar current is generally divided into a radiating part that mainly generates propagation fields and a non-radiating part that mainly generates evanescent fields. This paper proposes a direct method to reconstruct the radiating part of a planar source from its far-fields based on their explicit relationships. A standard reconstruction process is provided in which the far-fields are sampled at the peaks of their propagation modes. An analysis shows that the achievable reconstruction resolution of the source distribution is about half a wavelength. The paper also demonstrates that it is possible to reconstruct the source by sampling the far-fields on a plane or along a linear path. The performance of the reconstruction algorithm is illustrated with numerical examples.
Weyl’s theory in the generalized Lie algebroids framework

The geometry of the Lie algebroid generalized tangent bundle of a generalized Lie algebroid is developed. Formulas of Ricci type and identities of Cartan and Bianchi type are presented. Introducing the notion of geodesic of a mechanical ρ,η-system with respect to a (ρ, η)-spray, the Berwald (ρ, η)-derivative operator, and its mixed curvature, we obtain main results to conceptualize the Weyl’s method in this general framework. Finally, we obtain two new results of Weyl type for the geometry of mechanical ρ,η-systems. In this way, it is proved that the projectively related sprays first have the same geodesics rather to an increasing parameter transformation and second their Berwald derivatives verify a respective relation.
Electrical impedance tomography with basis constraints

In this paper, we consider the impedance tomography problem of estimating the conductivity distribution within the body from static current/voltage measurements on the body's surface. We present a new method of implementing prior information of the conductivities in the optimization algorithm. The method is based on the approximation of the prior covariance matrix by simulated samples of feasible conductivities. The reduction of the dimensionality of the optimization problem is performed by principal component analysis (PCA).
Hilbert $C^*$-modules over $\Sigma^*$-algebras

A $\Sigma^*$-algebra is a concrete $C^*$-algebra that is sequentially closed in the weak operator topology. We study an appropriate class of $C^*$-modules over $\Sigma^*$-algebras analogous to the class of $W^*$-modules (selfdual $C^*$-modules over $W^*$-algebras), and we are able to obtain $\Sigma^*$-versions of virtually all the results in the basic theory of $C^*$- and $W^*$-modules. In the second half of the paper, we study modules possessing a weak sequential form of the condition of being countably generated. A particular highlight of the paper is the "$\Sigma^*$-module completion," a $\Sigma^*$-analogue of the selfdual completion of a $C^*$-module over a $W^*$-algebra, which has an elegant uniqueness condition in the countably generated case.
On the analytic bijections of the rationals in $[0,1]$

We carry out an arithmetical study of analytic functions $f: [0,1] \to [0,1]$ that by restriction induce a bijection $\mathbb{Q} \cap [0,1] \to \mathbb{Q} \cap [0,1]$. The existence of such functions shows that, unless $f(x)$ has some additional property of an algebraic nature, very little can be said about the distribution of rational points on its graph. Some more refined questions involving heights are also explored.
Remarks on Generalized Hardy Algebras

For a measure space $(\Omega, \Sigma, \mu)$ with a positive finite measure $\mu$, and a positive real number $p$, we define the space $L_p^{+}(\mu)=L_p^{+}$ of all (equivalence classes of) $\Sigma$-measurable complex functions $f$ defined on $\Omega$ such that the function $\left(\log^+|f|\right)^p$ is integrable with respect to $\mu $. We define the metric $d_p$ on $L^{+}_p$ which generalizes the metric introduced by Gamelin and Lumer in [G] for the case $p=1$. It is shown that the space $L^{+}_p$ is a topological algebra. On the other hand, one can define on the space $L_p^{+}$ an equivalent $F$-norm $| \cdot|_p$ that makes $L_p^{+}$ into an Orlicz space. For the case of the normalized Lebesgue's measure $dt/2\pi$ on $[0,2\pi)$, it follows that the class $N^p(1<p<\infty)$ introduced by I. I. Privalov in [P], may be considered as a generalization of the Smirnov class $N^+$. Furthermore, $N^p(1<p<\infty)$ with the associated modular becomes an Hardy-Orlicz class. Finally, for a strictly positive and measurable on $[0,2\pi)$ function $w$, we define the generalized Orlicz space $L_p^{w}(\mathrm{d}t/2\pi)=L^w_p$ with the modular $\rho^w_p$ given by the function $\psi_w(t,u)=\big(\log(1+uw(t))\big)^p$, with a "weight" $w$. We observe that the space $L^w_p$ is a generalized Orlicz space with respect to the modular $\rho^w_p$. We examine and compare different topologies induced on $L^w_p$ by corresponding "weights" $w$.
Population genetics of an invasive mosquito vector, Aedes albopictus in the Northeastern USA

The Asian tiger mosquito (Aedes albopictus) arrived in the USA in the 1980’s and rapidly spread throughout eastern USA within a decade. The predicted northern edge of its overwintering distribution on the East Coast of the USA roughly falls across New York, Connecticut, and Massachusetts, where the species has been recorded as early as 2000. It is unclear whether Ae. albopictus populations have become established and survive the cold winters in these areas or are recolonized every year. We genotyped and analyzed populations of Ae. albopictus from the northeast USA using 15 microsatellite markers and compared them with other populations across the country and to representatives of the major global genetic clades to investigate their connectivity and stability. Founder effects or bottlenecks were rare at the northern range of the Ae. albopictus distribution in the northeastern USA, with populations displaying high levels of genetic diversity and connectivity along the East Coast. There is no evidence of population turnover in Connecticut during the course of three consecutive years, with consistent genetic structure throughout this period. Overall, these results support the presence of established populations of Ae. albopictus in New York, Connecticut, and Massachusetts, successfully overwintering and migrating in large numbers. Given the stability and interconnectedness of these populations, Ae. albopictus has the potential to continue to proliferate and expand its range northward under mean warming conditions of climate change. Efforts to control Ae. albopictus in these areas should thus focus on vector suppression rather than eradication strategies, as local populations have become firmly established and are expected to reemerge every summer.
Lifting Problem on Automorphism Groups of Cyclic Curves

Let X be a smooth projective hyperelliptic curve over an algeraically closed field k of prime characteristic p. The aim of this note is to find necessary and sufficient conditions on the automorphism group of the curve X to be lifted to characteristic zero. The results will be generalised for a certain family of curves that we call cyclic curves.
Blow-up phenomenon, ill-posedness and peakon solutions for the periodic Euler-Poincar\'e equations.

In this paper we mainly investigate the initial value problem of the periodic Euler-Poincar\'e equations. We first present a new blow-up result to the system for a special class of smooth initial data by using the rotational invariant properties of the system. Then, we prove that the periodic Euler-Poincar\'e equations is ill-posed in critical Besov spaces by a contradiction argument. Finally, we verify the system possesses a class of peakon solutions in the sense of distributions.
Exactly solving the KPZ equation

We present a complete proof of the exact formula for the one-point distribution for the narrow-wedge Hopf-Cole solution to the Kardar-Parisi-Zhang (KPZ) equation. This presentation is intended to be self-contained so no previous knowledge about stochastic PDEs, or exactly solvable systems is presumed.
The sandpile model on K_{m,n} and the rank of its configurations

We present an algorithm to compute the rank of a configuration of the sandpile model for the complete bipartite graph K_{m,n} of complexity O(m+n). Furthermore, we provide a formula for the generating function of parking sorted configurations on complete bipartite graphs K_{m,n} according to rank, degree, and the sizes m and n. The results in the present paper are similar to those found by Robert Cori and the second named author for the complete graph K_{n+1}, and they rely on the analysis of certain operators on the stable sorted configurations of K_{m,n} developed in a previous work by the authors together with Jean-Christophe Aval and Mark Dukes.