Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Coordinated head direction representations in mouse anterodorsal thalamic nucleus and retrosplenial cortex

The sense of direction is critical for survival in changing environments and relies on flexibly integrating self-motion signals with external sensory cues. While the anatomical substrates involved in head direction (HD) coding are well known, the mechanisms by which visual information updates HD representations remain poorly understood. Retrosplenial cortex (RSC) plays a key role in forming coherent representations of space in mammals and it encodes a variety of navigational variables, including HD. Here, we use simultaneous two-area tetrode recording to show that RSC HD representation is nearly synchronous with that of the anterodorsal nucleus of thalamus (ADn), the obligatory thalamic relay of HD to cortex, during rotation of a prominent visual cue. Moreover, coordination of HD representations in the two regions is maintained during darkness. We further show that anatomical and functional connectivity are consistent with a strong feedforward drive of HD information from ADn to RSC, with surprisingly little reciprocal drive in the corticothalamic direction. Together, our results provide direct evidence for a concerted global HD reference update across cortex and thalamus, and establish the underlying functional connectivity that supports this coordination.
Lean versus agile production: flexibility trade-offs within the automotive supply chain

Given the recent dynamics of the automotive industry in the UK, the ability for a firm to be flexible has often taken priority over other performance indicators. Using the notion of distinct business models and trade-offs as our theoretical lens, the purpose of this study was to: (1) Distinguish lean and agile firms based upon production methods; and (2) Compare lean and agile levels of external flexibility (EF) and supply chain flexibility (SCF). Data was obtained from 140 automotive firms in the Midlands (UK) via a survey which was sent by emails. Findings supported the theoretical notion of trade-offs, as firms implementing agile production methods were found to be more flexible in comparison with firms implementing lean production methods. More importantly, the agile firms that possessed high EF levels and SCF levels were predominantly positioned at the lower end of the automotive supply chain, whereas the lean firms were largely found to be operating at the top of the supply chain. First, we provide an innovative way in which lean and agile firms can be conceptualised. Second, as flexibility levels were assessed on actual numerical values, as opposed to using opinion based Likert Scale questions, a methodological contribution is made. Third, as flexibility is in its infancy stage of theoretical development we make an empirical contribution by developing a taxonomy that distinguishes each production concept. Finally, given the supply chain position to where lean and agile firms were found, we invoked a power perspective better understand this phenomenon.
SIZE DISTRIBUTIONS OF SOLAR FLARES AND SOLAR ENERGETIC PARTICLE EVENTS

We suggest that the flatter size distribution of solar energetic proton (SEP) events relative to that of flare soft X-ray (SXR) events is primarily due to the fact that SEP flares are an energetic subset of all flares. Flares associated with gradual SEP events are characteristically accompanied by fast (⩾1000 km s−1) coronal mass ejections (CMEs) that drive coronal/interplanetary shock waves. For the 1996–2005 interval, the slopes (α values) of power-law size distributions of the peak 1–8 Å fluxes of SXR flares associated with (a) >10 MeV SEP events (with peak fluxes ⩾1 pr cm−2 s−1 sr−1) and (b) fast CMEs were ∼1.3–1.4 compared to ∼1.2 for the peak proton fluxes of >10 MeV SEP events and ∼2 for the peak 1–8 Å fluxes of all SXR flares. The difference of ∼0.15 between the slopes of the distributions of SEP events and SEP SXR flares is consistent with the observed variation of SEP event peak flux with SXR peak flux.
Finite-Size Scaling in Percolation

This work is a detailed study of the phase transition in percolation, in particular of the question of finite-size scaling: Namely, how does the critical transition behavior emerge from the behavior of large, finite systems? Our results rigorously locate the proper window in which to do critical computation and establish features of the phase transition. This work is a finite-dimensional analogue of classic work on the critical regime of the random graph model of Erdos and Renyi. 1991 Mathematics Subject Classification: 82B43, 82B26, 60K35, 05C80
Human tissue with adult stem cell properties derived from pluripotent stem cells.

Genetically engineered human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) have been proposed as a source for transplantation therapies and are rapidly becoming valuable tools for human disease modeling. However, many applications are limited due to the lack of robust differentiation paradigms that allow for the isolation of deﬁned functional tissues. Here, using an endogenous LGR5-GFP reporter, we derived adult stem cells from hPSCs that gave rise to functional human intestinal tissue comprising all major cell types of the intestine. Histo-logical and functional analyses revealed that such human organoid cultures could be derived with high purity and with a composition and morphology similar to those of cultures obtained from human biopsies. Importantly, hPSC-derived organoids responded to the canonical signaling pathways that control self-renewal and differentiation in the adult human intestinal stem cell compartment. This adult stem cell system provides a platform for studying human intestinal disease in vitro using genetically engineered hPSCs.
Note on the lattice fermion chiral symmetry group

The group structure of the variant chiral symmetry discovered by Luscher in the Ginsparg-Wilson description of lattice chiral fermions is analyzed. It is shown that the group contains an infinite number of linearly independent symmetry generators, and the Lie algebra is given explicitly. CP is an automorphism of the chiral group, and the CP transformation properties of the symmetry generators is found. Features of the currents associated with these symmetries are discussed, including the fact that some different, non-commuting symmetry generators lead to the same Noether current. These strange features occur in all implementations of lattice fermions based on the Ginsparg-Wilson relation, including overlap, domain-wall, and perfect-action chiral fermions. The conclusions are illustrated in a solvable example, free overlap fermions.
of Acute Bronchodilator Response in Participants With or Without Airway Obstruction in a Tertiary Care Hospital of West Bengal

The most commonly used pulmonary function test in clinical practice is spirometry. Study of airway responsiveness to a bronchodilator (the reversibility test) during spirometry is also very common in clinical studies. The bronchodilator response (BDR) in reversibility test is a physiological response involving airway epithelium, nerves, mediators, and bronchial smooth muscles. [1] Although much has been learned about BDR, there are some points to be reviewed as for example to enhance its clinical usefulness through proper utilization, [2,3] in the light of its determinants [4] such as participant’s cooperation, dose, class, and administration of the bronchodilator and delivery of the drug to the distal airways. Several criteria have been proposed to define a significant BDR. [1,5-10] It is a fact that there is a lack of consensus on the criteria for a significant or increased BDR. [11,12] The most often used criteria for a BDR are those recommended by the American Thoracic Society (ATS), i.e., an increase of 12% or 200 ml in forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV 1 ) or forced vital capacity (FVC) over the baseline value. [6] BDR is used to rule in or rule out asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), to predict a patient’s response to bronchodilator treatment, to establish best attainable lung function. [13-17] The above cutoff values are used to differentiate asthma and COPD in our institution also. Generations of students have been taught that asthma and COPD can be differentiated by the BDR test. Evidence over the past few years has raised questions over the application of the reversibility test as a decision-making tool in the areas where it has enjoyed traditional acceptance. Many literatures show Background and Aim: Acute bronchodilator response (BDR) during spirometry is very common in clinical studies. The response varies in different groups of participants. The aim of this study was to analyze the distribution of BDR in participants with or without airway obstruction. Methods: A retrospective analytical study of the spirometry results was undertaken. The spirometric values were analyzed for the present study. Among them, 1024 test results were included in our study. The values were estimated by an electronic spirometer, model-RMS Helios-702 in the Department of Physiology, R. G. Kar Medical College, Kolkata on 3200 participants. Results: Acute BDR was higher in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) participants (45.4%) compared to other participants. Reversibility test was positive in 41.2% of asthma, 31% of allergic rhinitis, 32% of chronic cough, and 13.6% in apparently healthy participants. Conclusion: A good percentage of positive BDR is found not only in COPD and asthma but also in allergic rhinitis, chronic cough, apparently healthy participants which indicate its wider utility.
Intensiﬁcation of a raltegravir-based regimen with maraviroc in early HIV-1 infection

Background: Latent HIV-1-infected cells generated early in the infection are responsible for viral persistence, and we hypothesized that addition of maraviroc to triple therapy in patients recently infected with HIV-1 could accelerate decay of the viral reservoir. Methods: Patients recently infected ( < 24 weeks) by chemokine receptor 5 (CCR5)-using HIV-1 were randomized to a raltegravir þ tenofovir/emtricitabine regimen (control arm, n ¼ 15) or the same regimen intensiﬁed with maraviroc ( þ MVC arm, n ¼ 15). Plasma viral load, cell-associated HIV-1 DNA (total, integrated, and episomal), and activation/inﬂammation markers were measured longitudinally. Results: Plasma viral load decayed in both groups, reaching similar residual levels at week 48. Total cell-associated HIV-1 DNA also decreased in both groups during the ﬁrst month, although subsequently at a slightly faster rate in the þ MVC arm. The transient increase in two long terminal repeat (2-LTR) circles observed in both groups early after initiation of treatment decreased earlier in MVC-treated individuals. Early (week 12) increase of CD4 þ T-cell counts was higher in the þ MVC arm. Conversely, CD8 þ T-cell counts and CD4 þ T-cell activation decreased slower in the þ MVC arm. Absolute CD4 þ T-cell and CD8 þ T-cell counts, immune activation, CD4 þ /CD8 þ T-cell ratio, and soluble inﬂammation markers were similar in both arms at the end of the study. Conclusion: Addition of maraviroc in early integrase inhibitor-based treatment of HIV-1 infection results in faster reduction of 2-LTR þ newly infected cells and recovery of CD4 þ T-cell counts, and a modest reduction in total reservoir size after 48 weeks of treatment. Paradoxically, CCR5 blockade also induced a slower decrease in plasma viremia and immune activation.
Contribution of epoxyeicosatrienoic acids to ﬂow-induced dilation in arteries of male ER (cid:1) knockout mice: role of aromatase

Contribution of epoxyeicosatrienoic acids to ﬂow-induced dilation in arteries of male ER (cid:1) knockout mice: role of aromatase. Am Physiol Regul Physiol R1239–R1246, 2007. studied the roles of estrogen receptors (ER) and aromatase in the mediation of ﬂow-induced dilation (FID) in isolated arteries of male ER (cid:1) -knockout (ER (cid:1) -KO) and wild-type (WT) mice. FID was comparable between gracilis arteries of WT and ER (cid:1) -KO mice. In WT arteries, inhibition of NO and prostaglandins eliminated FID. In ER (cid:1) -KO arteries, N (cid:2) -nitro- L -arginine methyl ester ( L -NAME) inhibited FID by (cid:3) 26%, whereas indomethacin inhibited dilations by (cid:3) 50%. The remaining portion of the dilation was abolished by additional administration of 6-(2-proparglyoxyphenyl)hexanoic acid (PPOH) or iberiotoxin, inhibitors of epoxyeicosatrienoic acid (EET) synthesis and large-conduc-tance potassium channels, respectively. By using an electrophysiological technique, we found that, in the presence of 10 dyne/cm 2 shear stress, perfusate passing through donor vessels isolated from gracilis muscle of ER (cid:1) -KO mice subjected to L -NAME and indomethacin elicited smooth muscle hyperpolarization and a dilator response of endothelium-denuded detector vessels. These responses were prevented by the presence of iberiotoxin in detector or PPOH in donor vessels. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis indicated a signiﬁcant increase in arterial production of EETs in ER (cid:1) -KO compared with WT mice. Western blot analysis showed a signiﬁcantly reduced endothelial nitric oxide synthase expression but enhanced expressions of aromatase and ER (cid:4) in ER (cid:1) -KO arteries. Treatment of ER (cid:1) -KO arteries with speciﬁc aromatase short-interfer-ing RNA for 72 h, knocked down the aromatase mRNA and protein associated with elimination of EET-mediation of FID. Thus, FID in male ER (cid:1) -KO arteries is maintained via an endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor/EET-mediated mechanism compensating for reduced NO mediation due, at least in part, to estrogen aromatized from testosterone.
A comparison of Sentence Production of Turkish Patıe(cid:374)ts wıth Early a(cid:374)d Late Onset Alzheimer's Disease

Alzheimer ’ s disease (AD) is a degenerative brain disease and the most common cause of dementia, accounts for an estimated 60 percent to 80 percent of cases. AD has two subtypes: Early-onset and Late-onset Alzheimer ’ s disease. Both types are characterized by a decline in memory, problem-solving and other cognitive skills that affect a person's ability to perform everyday activities. Language is the other problem that is observed in these patients. The aim of this study is to examine the sentences production of patients with early and late onset Alzheimer ’ s disease by using four different language tests and to compare all the results within groups and language tests. Our aim is to reveal the differences in sentence processing and language performance of Turkish Alzheimer patients. In order to reveal the sentence production of Turkish Alzheimer patients, 23 patients with early-onset Alzheimer ’ s disease, 39 patients with late-onset Alzheimer ’ s disease from Dokuz Eylul University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neurology and an age/education-matched control group are included in this study. The data were analyzed using t test and Mann-Whitney U test. For comparison of content and tests, Chi-square test was performed. It was found that patients with early-onset AD used more basic sentences in Picnic Picture description test, Cookie Theft Picture description test and the Story Picture Sequencing test compared to late-onset AD patients. In Random Speech test, patients with late-onset AD used more basic sentences. The other finding was about the nominal and the verbal sentences. It was revealed that patients with early-onset AD used more nominal sentences in all tests compared to late-onset patients. In terms of verbal sentences, it was found that patients with late-onset AD used more verbal sentences than the early-onset patients. Comparison about sentence production of AD patients within tests shows that the highest percent of basic sentence use of AD patients is in Picnic Picture test and the lowest percent is in Random Speech test. In conclusion, early-onset AD patients perform worse due to their cognitive deficits compared to late-onset patients. They tend to use basic and nominal sentences more.
Evolutionary Relationships among Strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis with Few Copies of IS 6110

Molecular typing of Mycobacterium tuberculosis by using IS 6110 shows low discrimination when there are fewer than ﬁve copies of the insertion sequence. Using a collection of such isolates from a study of the epidemiology of tuberculosis in London, we have shown a substantial degree of congruence between IS 6110 patterns and both spoligotype and PGRS type. This indicates that the IS 6110 types mainly represent distinct families of strains rather than arising
The role of organizational climate in socially embedding construction firms’ sustainability goals

Abstract Despite the growing interest in sustainability research, little scholarly attention, both conceptual and empirical, has been given to assessing the individual-level behavioural issues that affect sustainability outcomes. Still less research is undertaken to examine the mechanisms by which construction firms enable their sustainability goals to be socially embedded within their organizations to shape the behaviour and attitudes of employees. In an attempt to fill this gap, this paper draws from the extensive literature on organizational climate perspective to explain how organizational-level characteristics and processes can result in a strong, conducive climate that fosters shared perceptions and guide behaviours that are fundamental to the attainment of sustainability goals in organizations. From the critical review of this literature, this paper offers three research propositions and avenues in which they could be tested. The paper concludes with a broadened discussion of the theoretical and practical implications this framework has on advancing the sustainability discourse within CM discipline beyond the current largely technical, policy and institutional foci.
Journal Pre-proof Depressive symptoms in higher education students during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. An examination of the association with various social risk factors across multiple high- countries.

the association various risk ABSTRACT Higher-education students face substantial risks for developing depressive symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic or experiencing exacerbated pre-existing depressive symptoms. This study uses data from the COVID-19 International Student Well-Being Study, which collected data through a non-representative convenience sample in 125 higher-education institutions (HEI) across 26 high- and middle-income countries (N: 20,103) during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. It describes the prevalence of depressive symptoms in higher-education students. We find substantial cross-national variation in depressive symptoms, with lowest mean levels established in the Nordic countries and France, while highest mean levels of depressive symptoms were found in Turkey, South Africa, Spain and the USA. Elevated risk for depressive symptoms was found in female students, students with fewer social support resources and in a more disadvantaged socioeconomic position, and students with a migrant background. COVID-19 related stressors, such as reduced social contact, increased financial insecurity, and academic stress explained a relatively larger proportion of the variance in depressive symptoms compared to non-COVID-19 related stressors. This finding shows that not the pandemic itself, but rather the secondary effects of the pandemic relate to students' mental health. Our results enable HEIs to be better equipped to target groups that are particularly at risk during a pandemic. Nevertheless, our study identifies higher-education students as a vulnerable group during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study adds to a growing literature on the precarious situation of HEI students and young adults in general in contemporary society (Storrie et al., 2010). It confirms elevated levels of depressive symptoms in students during the pandemic. Students in a more disadvantaged socioeconomic position, with fewer social support resources and less experience in higher education, were particularly vulnerable during the COVID-19 pandemic. It shows that not the pandemic itself, but rather the pandemic's secondary effects relate to students' mental health. Our results enable HEIs to be better equipped to target groups that are at risk during a pandemic.
Estrogen differentially regulates transcriptional landscapes of preoptic and arcuate kisspeptin neuron populations

Kisspeptin neurons residing in the rostral periventricular area of the third ventricle (KPRP3V) and the arcuate nucleus (KPARC) mediate positive and negative estrogen feedback, respectively. Here, we aim to compare transcriptional responses of KPRP3V and KPARC neurons to estrogen. Transgenic mice were ovariectomized and supplemented with either 17β-estradiol (E2) or vehicle. Fluorescently tagged KPRP3V neurons collected by laser-capture microdissection were subjected to RNA-seq. Bioinformatics identified 222 E2-dependent genes. Four genes encoding neuropeptide precursors (Nmb, Kiss1, Nts, Penk) were robustly, and Cartpt was subsignificantly upregulated, suggesting putative contribution of multiple neuropeptides to estrogen feedback mechanisms. Using overrepresentation analysis, the most affected KEGG pathways were neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction and dopaminergic synapse. Next, we re-analyzed our previously obtained KPARC neuron RNA-seq data from the same animals using identical bioinformatic criteria. The identified 1583 E2-induced changes included suppression of many neuropeptide precursors, granins, protein processing enzymes, and other genes related to the secretory pathway. In addition to distinct regulatory responses, KPRP3V and KPARC neurons exhibited sixty-two common changes in genes encoding three hormone receptors (Ghsr, Pgr, Npr2), GAD-65 (Gad2), calmodulin and its regulator (Calm1, Pcp4), among others. Thirty-four oppositely regulated genes (Kiss1, Vgf, Chrna7, Tmem35a) were also identified. The strikingly different transcriptional responses in the two neuron populations prompted us to explore the transcriptional mechanism further. We identified ten E2-dependent transcription factors in KPRP3V and seventy in KPARC neurons. While none of the ten transcription factors interacted with estrogen receptor-α, eight of the seventy did. We propose that an intricate, multi-layered transcriptional mechanism exists in KPARC neurons and a less complex one in KPRP3V neurons. These results shed new light on the complexity of estrogen-dependent regulatory mechanisms acting in the two functionally distinct kisspeptin neuron populations and implicate additional neuropeptides and mechanisms in estrogen feedback.