Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Post-common envelope binaries from SDSS - VII. A catalogue of white dwarf-main sequence binaries

We present a catalogue of 1602 white-dwarf-main-sequence (WDMS) binaries from the spectroscopic Sloan Digital Sky Survey Data Release 6 (SDSS DR6). Among these, we identify 440 as new WDMS binaries. We select WDMS binary candidates by template fitting all 1.27 million DR6 spectra, using combined constraints in both chi 2 and signal-to-noise ratio. In addition, we use Galaxy Evolution Explorer (GALEX) and UKIRT Infrared Sky Survey (UKIDSS) magnitudes to search for objects in which one of the two components dominates the SDSS spectrum. We use a decomposition/fitting technique to measure the effective temperatures, surface gravities, masses and distances to the white dwarfs, as well as the spectral types and distances to the companions in our catalogue. Distributions and density maps obtained from these stellar parameters are then used to study both the general properties and the selection effects of WDMS binaries in the SDSS. A comparison between the distances measured to the white dwarfs and the main-sequence companions shows d(sec) > d(wd) for approximately one-fifth of the systems, a tendency already found in our previous work. The hypothesis that magnetic activity raises the temperature of the inter-spot regions in active stars that are heavily covered by cool spots, leading to a bluer optical colour compared to inactive stars, remains the best explanation for this behaviour. We also make use of SDSS-GALEX-UKIDSS magnitudes to investigate the distribution of WDMS binaries, as well as their white-dwarf effective temperatures and companion star spectral types, in ultraviolet to infrared colour space. We show that WDMS binaries can be very efficiently separated from single main-sequence stars and white dwarfs when using a combined ultraviolet, optical and infrared colour selection. Finally, we also provide radial velocities for 1068 systems measured from the Na i lambda lambda 8183.27, 8194.81 absorption doublet and/or the H alpha emission line. Among the systems with multiple SDSS spectroscopy, we find five new systems exhibiting significant radial velocity variations, identifying them as post-common-envelope binary candidates.
Understanding the internal dynamics of elliptical galaxies without non-baryonic dark matter

Assuming virial equilibrium and Newtonian dynamics, low-mass early-type galaxies have larger velocity dispersions than expected from the amount of baryons they contain. The conventional interpretation of this finding is that their dynamics is dominated by non-baryonic matter. However, there is also strong evidence that many low-mass early-type galaxies formed as tidal dwarf galaxies, which would contain almost no dark matter. Using an extensive catalogue of early-type galaxies, we therefore discuss how the internal dynamics of early-type galaxies in general can be understood by replacing the assumption of non-baryonic dark matter with two alternative assumptions. The first assumption is that Milgromian dynamics (i.e., MOND) is valid, which changes the effective gravitational force in the weak-field limit. The second assumption is that binary stars affect the observed line-of-sight velocity dispersions. Some moderate discrepancies between observed and predicted velocity dispersions remain also when these effects are implemented. Nevertheless, the observed velocity dispersions in early-type galaxies can then easily be explained without invoking the presence of non-baryonic dark matter in them, but with already documented variations of the galaxy-wide stellar initial mass function and non-equilibrium dynamics in some of the low-mass early-type galaxies.
Characteristics of the flare acceleration region derived from simultaneous hard X-ray and radio observations

We investigate the type III radio bursts and X-ray signatures of accelerated electrons in a well-observed solar flare in order to find the spatial properties of the acceleration region. Combining simultaneous RHESSI hard X-ray flare data and radio data from Phoenix-2 and the Nancay radioheliograph, the outward transport of flare accelerated electrons is analysed. The observations show that the starting frequencies of type III bursts are anti-correlated with the HXR spectral index of solar flare accelerated electrons. We demonstrate both analytically and numerically that the type III burst starting location is dependent upon the accelerated electron spectral index and the spatial acceleration region size, but weakly dependent on the density of energetic electrons for relatively intense electron beams. Using this relationship and the observed anti-correlation, we estimate the height and vertical extent of the acceleration region, giving values of around 50 Mm and 10 Mm, respectively. The inferred acceleration height and size suggest that electrons are accelerated well above the soft X-ray loop-top, which could be consistent with the electron acceleration between 40 Mm and 60 Mm above the flaring loop.
HEAVY DUST OBSCURATION OF z = 7 GALAXIES IN A COSMOLOGICAL HYDRODYNAMIC SIMULATION

Hubble Space Telescope observations with the Wide Field Camera 3/Infrared reveal that galaxies at z ∼ 7 have very blue ultraviolet (UV) colors, consistent with these systems being dominated by young stellar populations with moderate or little attenuation by dust. We investigate UV and optical properties of the high-z galaxies in the standard cold dark matter model using a high-resolution adaptive mesh refinement cosmological hydrodynamic simulation. For this purpose, we perform panchromatic three-dimensional dust radiative transfer calculations on 198 galaxies of stellar mass 5 × 108–3 × 1010 M☉ with three parameters: the dust-to-metal ratio, the extinction curve, and the fraction of directly escaped light from stars (fesc). Our stellar mass function is found to be in broad agreement with Gonzalez et al., independent of these parameters. We find that our heavily dust-attenuated galaxies (AV ∼ 1.8) can also reasonably match modest UV–optical colors, blue UV slopes, as well as UV luminosity functions, provided that a significant fraction (∼10%) of light directly escapes from them. The observed UV slope and scatter are better explained with a Small-Magellanic-Cloud-type extinction curve, whereas a Milky-Way-type curve also predicts blue UV colors due to the 2175 Å bump. We expect that upcoming observations by the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array will be able to test this heavily obscured model.
Vaccination Coverage among Immunocompromised Patients in a Large Health Maintenance Organization: Findings from a Novel Computerized Registry

Immune-compromised patients (IPs) are at high risk for infections, some of which are preventable by vaccines. Specific vaccines are recommended for IP; however, the vaccination rate is suboptimal. The aim of this study is to describe the development of an IP registry and to assess vaccination rates in this population. A population-based registry of IPs was developed using an automated extraction of patient electronic health-record data in Maccabi Healthcare Services (MHS), an Israeli health maintenance organization serving over 2.4 million members. Included in the registry were patients receiving immunosuppressive therapy (IT); patients living with HIV (PLWH); solid organ and bone marrow transplant recipients (TR); patients with advanced kidney disease (AKD), and asplenic patients. We evaluated the full schedule for each vaccine’s uptake rates for influenza, pneumococcal, meningococcal, and hepatitis B. On 1 October 2019, 32,637 adult immune-compromised patients were identified by the registry. Of them, 1647 were PLWH; 2354 were asplenic; 5317 had AKD; 23,216 were on IT; and 1824 were TR. Their mean age was 57 and 52.4% were females. The crude rate of immune compromise among adult MHS members was 2%. Vaccine coverage rate was overall low for PCV13, with only 11.9% of all IPs in the registry having received one dose. Influenza and PPV23 vaccination rates were higher (45% and 39.4%, respectively). Only 5.3% of all IPs received all three vaccines. Overall, low vaccination coverage was found among IPs. Our registry can serve to identify target-patient populations for interventions and monitor their effectiveness.
Performance Differences Between High and Low Empathy Ability in Conflicts of Interest: An ERP Study

Objective Empathy is negatively correlated with high levels of conflict behaviors, such as aggression. The purpose of this study was to examine whether there were still differences in the performance of high and low empathy ability under the general level of conflict. Methods The Chinese version of the Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI-C) was distributed to 250 undergraduate students. The subjects were classified as the high-empathy group (n = 38) and the low-empathy group (n = 37). An improved ultimatum paradigm was used to create a relatively realistic general-intensity conflict situation. A total of 29 undergraduate students (15 in the low-empathy group) were subjected to conflicting or non-conflicting proposals. Event-related potential technology was used to record the EEG of the high- and low-empathy groups during the processing of different proposal types. Results The high-empathy group had longer response times and lower rejection rates under different proposal types compared to the low-empathy group. The low-empathy group evoked more negative MFN amplitude under conflicting proposals than under non-conflicting proposals, while the difference was not significant in the high-empathy group. The low-empathy group induced greater LPP under non-conflicting proposals than under conflicting proposals, while the difference was not significant in the high-empathy group. Conclusion High-empathy individuals showed more altruistic behaviors, and fewer conflict tendencies compared to low-empathy individuals. Low-empathy individuals had greater negative evaluations of conflicting offers, while high-empathy individuals weakened their negative evaluations of conflicting proposals because of their relatively high empathy. Compared to high-empathy individuals, low-empathy individuals showed stronger motivation to converge on non-conflicting proposals.
Modification of Brain Functional Connectivity in Adolescent Thoracic Idiopathic Scoliosis by Lower Extremities Position

The involvement of the brain motor system in idiopathic scoliosis remains unclear. In this paper, we question whether the functional connectivity (FC) of the central motor circuitry is abnormal in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) and whether it can be modified by flexion of the lower extremities. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in 18 patients with a right thoracic idiopathic curve greater than 30° (mean angle 49.4°, mean age 15.3 years, 4 males) and 22 healthy controls (mean age 18.2 years, 4 males) was explored using a 3T MR scanner. We measured their resting-state fMRI: a) with extended lower extremities; b) with semiflexion of the left lower extremity and extended right lower extremity, with hip abduction. Decreased FC between the secondary motor area (SMA) and postcentral cortex, pallidum and cuneus, postcentral gyrus and cerebellum, putamen and temporal lateral neocortex was observed in AIS. This pathological connectivity was reversed by lower extremity semiflexion. The FC between cortical and subcortical motor structures is significantly decreased in AIS. The decreased FC of the SMA, basal ganglia, cuneus (a hub structure), and cerebellum indicates the functional impairment of structures involved in regulating muscular tone. FC impairment in patients with AIS appears to be a reaction to the pathological condition. This pathological pattern flexibly reacts to changes in the positioning of the lower extremities, showing that the functional impairment of brain motor circuitry in AIS is reversible. We suggest that the reactivity of cerebral activity leading to brain activity normalization could be used for a rehabilitation program for patients with AIS.
Strict supports of canonical measures and applications to the geometric Bogomolov conjecture

The Bogomolov conjecture claims that a closed subvariety containing a dense subset of small points is a special kind of subvariety. In the arithmetic setting over number fields, the Bogomolov conjecture for abelian varieties has already been established as a theorem of Ullmo and Zhang, but in the geometric setting over function fields, it has not yet been solved completely. There are only some partial results known such as the totally degenerate case due to Gubler and our recent work generalizing Gubler’s result. The key in establishing the previous results on the Bogomolov conjecture is the equidistribution method due to Szpiro, Ullmo and Zhang with respect to the canonical measures. In this paper we exhibit the limits of this method, making an important contribution to the geometric version of the conjecture. In fact, by the crucial investigation of the support of the canonical measure on a subvariety, we show that the conjecture in full generality holds if the conjecture holds for abelian varieties which have anywhere good reduction. As a consequence, we establish a partial answer that generalizes our previous result.
Observational constraints on Galileon cosmology

We study the cosmology of a covariant Galileon field φ with five covariant Lagrangians and confront this theory with the most recent cosmological probes: the type Ia supernovae data (Constitution and Union2 sets), cosmic microwave background (WMAP7), and the baryon acoustic oscillations (SDSS7). In the Galileon cosmology with a late-time de Sitter attractor, there is a tracker that attracts solutions with different initial conditions to a common trajectory. Including the cosmic curvature K, we place observational constraints on two distinct cases: (i) the tracker, and (ii) the generic solutions to the equations of motion. We find that the tracker solution can be consistent with the individual observational data, but it is disfavored by the combined data analysis. The generic solutions fare quite well when a nonzero curvature parameter Ω (0) K is taken into account, but the Akaike and Bayesian information criteria show that they are not particularly favored over the ACDM model.
Molecule assisted ferromagnetic atomic chain formation

One dimensional systems strongly enhance the quantum character of electron transport. Such systems can be realized in 5d transition metals Au, Pt and Ir, in the form of suspended monatomic chains between bulk leads. Atomic chains between ferromagnetic leads would open up many perspectives in the context of spin-dependent transport and spintronics, but the evidence suggests that for pure metals only the mentioned three 5d metals are susceptible to chain formation. It has been argued that the stability of atomic chains made up from ferromagnetic metals is compromised by the same exchange interaction that produces the local moments. Here we demonstrate that magnetic atomic chains can be induced to form in break junctions under the influence of light molecules. Explicitly, we find deuterium assisted chain formation in the 3d ferromagnetic transition metals Fe and Ni. Chain lengths up to eight atoms are formed upon stretching the ferromagnetic atomic contact in deuterium atmosphere at cryogenic temperatures. From differential conductance spectra vibronic states of D$_2$ can be identified, confirming the presence of deuterium in the atomic chains.
[O ii] emitters in the GOODS field at z∼ 1.85: a homogeneous measure of evolving star formation

We present the results of a deep, near-infrared, narrow-band imaging survey at a central wavelength of 1.062 μm (FWHM = 0.01 μm) in the GOODS-South field using the ESO VLT instrument, HAWK-I. The data are used to carry out the highest redshift search for [O II] λ3727 A emission line galaxies to date. The images reach an emission line flux limit (5σ) of 1.5 x 10 ―17 erg cm ―2 s ―1 , additionally making the survey the deepest of its kind at high redshift. In this paper we identify a sample of [O II] λ3727 A emission line objects at redshift z ∼ 1.85 in a comoving volume of ∼4100 Mpc ―3 . Objects are selected using an observed equivalent width (EW obs ) threshold of EW obs > 50A. The sample is used to derive the space density and constrain the luminosity function of [O II] emitters at z = 1.85. We find that the space density (ρ) of objects with observed [O II] luminosities in the range log(L [OII] ) > 41.74 erg s ―1 is log(ρ) = ―2.45 ± 0.14 Mpc ―3 , a factor of 2 greater than the observed space density of [O II] emitters reported at z ∼ 1.4. After accounting for completeness and assuming an internal extinction correction of A Hα = 1 mag (equivalent to A [OII] = 1.87), we report a star formation rate density of ρ* ~ 0.38 ± 0.06 M ⊙ yr ―1 Mpc ―3 . We independently derive the dust extinction of the sample using 24-μm fluxes and find a mean extinction of A [OII] = 0.98 ± 0.11 magnitudes (A Hα = 0.52). This is significantly lower than the A Hα = 1 (A [OII] = 1.86) mag value widely used in the literature. Finally, we incorporate this improved extinction correction into the star formation rate density measurement and report ρ * ∼ 0.24 ± 0.06 M ⊙ yr ―1 Mpc ―3 .
The Sloan Digital Sky Survey Reverberation Mapping Project: Sample Characterization

We present a detailed characterization of the 849 broad-line quasars from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey Reverberation Mapping (SDSS-RM) project. Our quasar sample covers a redshift range of 0.1 < z < 4.5 and is flux-limited to iPSF < 21.7 without any other cuts on quasar properties. The main sample characterization includes: (1) spectral measurements of the continuum and broad emission lines for individual objects from the coadded first-season spectroscopy in 2014, (2) identification of broad and narrow absorption lines in the spectra, and (3) optical variability properties for continuum and broad lines from multi-epoch spectroscopy. We provide improved systemic redshift estimates for all quasars and demonstrate the effects of the signal-to-noise ratio on the spectral measurements. We compile measured properties for all 849 quasars along with supplemental multi-wavelength data for subsets of our sample from other surveys. The SDSS-RM sample probes a diverse range in quasar properties and shows well-detected continuum and broad-line variability for many objects from first-season monitoring data. The compiled properties serve as the benchmark for follow-up work based on SDSS-RM data. The spectral fitting tools are made public along with this work.
Exact Optimization: Part I

Nonlinear programming is explicitly analyzed via a novel perspective/method and from a bottom-up manner. The philosophy is based on the recent ﬁndings on convex quadratic equation (CQE), which help clarify a geometric interpretation that relates CQE to convex quadratic function (CQF). More speciﬁcally, regarding the solvability of CQE, its necessary and sufﬁcient condition as well as a uniﬁed parameterization of all the solutions has recently been analytically formulated. Moving forward, the understanding of CQE is utilized to describe the geometric structure of CQF, and the CQE-CQF relation. All these results are shown closely related to a basis in the optimization literature, namely quadratic programming (QP). For the ﬁrst time from this viewpoint, the QPs subject to equality, inequality, equality-and-inequality, and extended constraints can be algebraically solved in derivative-free closed formulae, respectively. All the results are derived without knowing a feasible point, a priori and any time during the process.
Mathematics Anxiety and its Relationship with Mathematics Achievement Among Secondary School Students

: Mathematics attainment has taken on a global focus for the furtherance of economic advancement, thus, magnetising for the appraisal of mathematical edification among school students. However, evidence suggests that mathematics anxiety is a salient contributing factor that obstructs success in mathematics. Drawing upon the evidence, this investigation explores the relationship between mathematics anxiety, performance and strategies that students perceived that could attenuate mathematics anxiety. Data from this study was collected using the mixed method approach of a survey and interview from forty-two Form One students with different levels of academic achievements from one school in Alor Setar, Kedah, Malaysia. All participants demonstrated a moderate level of mathematics anxiety. However, students from the low performance level displayed an inverse and strong relationship between mathematics anxiety and mathematics performance. This indicates that mathematics performance declines with augmented mathematics anxiety. The linear regression revealed that all the three factors of emotion, assessment, and environment are not statistically significant predictors of mathematics achievement. Regardless, emotion has been discerned as a significant predictor of mathematics anxiety for a high performance group of students. The interview revealed that students perceive games, cooperative groups, teaching aids, demonstration, rewards, and teachers with positive classroom attitude have contributed to overcoming mathematics anxiety. Results from this study suggest a strong relationship between anxiety and mathematics performance among low performing students which further indicated the importance for mathematics teachers to vary their teaching and learning activities in assisting students to cope with mathematics anxiety.
Mechanisms of Cd-Induced Cytotoxicity in Normal Human Skin Keratinocytes: Implication for Human Health

Cadmium (Cd) is one of the toxic heavy metals found widely in the environment. Skin is an important target organ of Cd exposure. However, the adverse effects of Cd on human skin are still not well known. In this study, normal human skin keratinocytes (HaCaT cells) were studied for changes in cell viability, morphology, DNA damage, cycle, apoptosis, and the expression of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-related genes (XBP-1, BiP, ATF-4, and CHOP) after exposure to Cd for 24 h. We found that Cd decreased cell viability in a concentration-dependent manner, with a median lethal concentration (LC50) of 11 µM. DNA damage induction was evidenced by upregulation of the level of γ-H2AX. Furthermore, Cd induced G0/G1 phase cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner and upregulated the mRNA levels of ER stress biomarker genes (XBP-1, BiP, ATF4, and CHOP). Taken together, our results showed that Cd induced cytotoxicity and DNA damage in HaCaT cells, eventually resulting in cell cycle arrest in the G0/G1 phase and apoptosis. In addition, ER stress may be involved in Cd-induced HaCaT apoptosis. Our data imply the importance of reducing Cd pollution in the environment to reduce its adverse impacts on human skin.