Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect of Preharvest Foliar Application of Calcium Chloride on Shelf-life of Red Sweet Pepper ‘Ace’

This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of calcium chloride treatment (0.1%, 0.3%, and 0.5%) in red sweet pepper ‘Ace’ on the improvement of shelf-life and the physiological characteristics. C2H4 production and respiration rates of fruits treated with CaCl2 before harvest decreased during storage of red sweet pepper at 7°C. Ca contents in the leaves and in the fruits showed also a greater increase in treatment of CaCl2 than that in control. No difference was found in total sugar, whereas sucrose content was rapidly reduced after 20 days at 7°C. Ascorbic acid contents were increased by the CaCl2 treatment. As Ca concentration is getting higher, the fruit decay rate was significantly reduced. From this result, we can positively conclude that foliar application with the concentration of 0.3% CaCl2 and 0.5% CaCl2 before harvest is effective in improving storage quality in red sweet pepper. Additional key words: ascorbic acid, C2H4 production, decay occurrence, respiration rate, sugar ※ Received for publication 8 February 2001. Accepted for publication 6 March 2001. The research was supported by Research and Development Promotion Center for Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, Korea 1998. 서 언 세계적으로 지금까지 많은 연구자에 의해 저장중인 과실류와 채 소류의 품질유지와 병원균이나 생리장해에 의한 손실을 감소시키 기 위하여 연구가 진행되고 있다(Klien과 Lurie, 1992). 최근에는 저온저장, CA저장, MA저장 및 Ca처리 등을 복합적으로 처리하여 신선도를 유지시키고, 장기저장 방법이 모색되어 많은 원예작물의 수확 후 품질보존을 위한 저장기술이 획기적으로 발전하게 되었다. 특히, 여러 가지 저장성을 연장하기 위한 방법들 중 Ca처리는 식물 체의 세포벽을 유지하여 저장성 향상과 밀접한 관계가 있으며, 세 포벽을 유지하기 위해서는 세포에 함유하고 있는 Ca 함량이 매우 중요한 요인으로 작용한다 (Poovaiah, 1986, 1988). 저장력을 향상 시키기 위하여 Ca를 직접 과실표면에 뿌리거나 엽면시비하여 딸 기, 토마토 및 사과 등의 과실에서 노화지연, 부패과 발생감소, 호 흡 및 에틸렌 발생을 감소시켜 저장성을 향상시킨 연구가 다수 보 고되었다(Burns와 Pressey, 1987; Bramlage 등, 1985; Chéour 등, 1990, 1991; Chung 등, 1993; Conway와 Sams, 1987; Faust와 Shear, 1972; Glenn 등, 1988). 홍단고추의 과실은 일반적으로 수확 후 상자 속에 폴리에틸렌 봉 지에 넣어서 출하되고 있으며, 그 후 상점에서 소비자에게 이르는 동안 품질이 저하되고, 부패가 발생하여 상품의 가치가 떨어지는 경우가 많기 때문에 저장성 및 품질향상을 위한 방법이 모색되어져 야 한다. 또한 동절기에는 열악한 기후특성에 따른 단고추의 착색 까지는 장시간이 소요되어 재배농가에서도 생산을 기피하고, 대부 분 청단고추를 생산하고 있어 동절기의 홍단고추 가격은 고가로 형 성되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 동절기에 홍단고추의 단경기 출하를 목적으로 저 장성을 향상시키기 위해 수확 전에 CaCl2를 엽면시비하여 수확후 저장기간 중 호흡 및 에틸렌 발생량, 성분변화 및 저장성을 검토하 였다.
Asset Pricing with Cohort-Based Trading in MBS Markets

Agency mortgage-backed securities (MBS) with diverse characteristics are traded in parallel with individualized contracts in the speciﬁed pool (SP) market and with standardized contracts in the to-be-announced (TBA) market. We ﬁnd that this unique parallel trading environment substantially affects MBS returns: (1) Greater heterogeneity in MBS values increases the yields of all MBS because it exacerbates the cheapest-to-deliver concerns for TBA buyers and reduces the value of the TBA market as a backup selling venue for SP buyers; (2) high selling pressure ampliﬁes the impact of MBS heterogeneity on MBS yields; (3) greater MBS heterogeneity dampens trading activities on both the SP and TBA markets and increases the ratio between the two. We provide strong evidence that these effects differ from the impacts of prepayment risks.
Uptake of Chromium by Portulaca Oleracea from Soil: Effects of Organic Content, pH, and Sulphate Concentration

Phytoextraction is an effective and environment-friendly approach for remediation of soil polluted with toxic metals. Portulaca oleracea is a potential hyperaccumulator of Cr(VI) from polluted soil. In this study, the effect of soil organic content, pH, and sulphate concentration on phytoextraction of Cr(VI) using Portulaca oleracea was investigated. Seedlings of Portulaca oleracea were grown in soils with (i) three organic content compositions, (ii) six levels of pH, and (iii) six concentrations of sulphate salts; all were irrigated with Cr(VI) solutions at 200 ppm concentration. Chromium concentration in different tissues of plants was monitored under the variant conditions. Results indicated that the uptake of Cr(VI) by Portulaca oleracea is favoured at (i) low organic content soil (0.42%), (ii) slightly alkaline pH range (∼8), and (iii) with sulphate concentration in the range of 300–600 ppm.
Evaluation of some exotic mutants derived from irradiated cotton seeds

Nine Pakistani, one Russian and three Egyptian cotton genotypes were evaluated under Egyptian conditions for yield, yield components and fiber properties. These genotypes were planted on two different sowing dates at the experimental farm belonging to Plant Research Dept., Nuclear Research Center, Inshas. Practical selection was conducted in order to stain some elite variant characterized by high yielded and desirable quality traits during two seasons. The obtained results indicated that Pakistan lines NIAB 86, M24 and Chandni exhibited high yield and its components during the two seasons in comparison with the Egyptian cultivars. However, Egyptian cultivars had higher cotton qualities than the exotic mutants. Generally, the early sowing date gave higher seed cotton yield
Reviewing on the effect of hydrocarbon contamination on the angle of internal friction of soil

In recent years, Hydrocarbon contaminations have been made more effects on its surroundings environments specifically on soil environment. Among of these contaminations due to t he crude oil have been performed a respective share in this range. In fact, oil contaminations have been affect ed not only on the chemical properties of soils, but also on the strength & geotechnical features of soils such as, on cohesion, maximum dry density, optimum moisture, permeability and other relative parameters especial ly on the angle of internal friction of soils. So far num erous researches have been done regarding the influencing the strength properties of soils specifically on the an gle of internal friction. (Due to oil contamination) In th is research is to consider & review several last resea rches and experiments regarding the changes of the angle of internal friction of soils. (With the presence of o il contaminations & its behavior during different percentages of hydrocarbon contamination) In genera l, the results of the accomplished studies in this fie ld have been showed the reduction of the angle of internal friction contents (under the condition of oil contamination) , but with regard to the type of porous environment & the study soil and as well as the chemical properties of hydrocarbon contaminations, the behavior was been different and often in some cases has been caused t he addition of the angle of internal friction. Keywords— Hydrocarbon contaminations, Crude oil, Strength & geotechnical properties, Angle of internal friction.
Human Governance and Firm’s Leverage Decision: Evidence from Malaysian Listed Companies

This paper examines the firm’s leverage decision from a new perspective, namely human governance The sample covers 110 public listed companies in Bursa Malaysia for the period of 2002 to 2011. The objective of this study is to investigate the influences of human governance, namely CEO’s attributes (age, founder, tenure, duality, and gender) on a firm’s leverage decision through OLS regression models. The moderating effect of CEO ownership on the association between CEO personal characteristics and leverage was evaluated. From the analysis a negative relationship between CEO age, founder, gender and leverage decision and a positive impact between tenure and leverage decision was discovered. The study also shows that. CEOs owning shares in a company will more likely to take risks.The conclusion suggests that companies may increase their CEO share holdings so that CEO will align their personal interest with the ultimate goal of a company.
On Shear-Generated Gravity Waves that Reach the Mesosphere. Part I: Wave Generation

A long unresolved issue in nonorographic gravity wave generation is whether there is significant emission from Kelvin–Helmholtz (KH) shear instability in the lower stratosphere, for instance, just above tropopause jets. Such emission has often been suggested as significant for the angular momentum budget and hence for the wave-driven circulation of the middle atmosphere, most crucially in the summer mesosphere. An idealized model thought experiment is studied in which it is assumed that the KH shear instability rapidly mixes a thin layer, producing a ‘‘pancake’’ of three-dimensional clear-air turbulence, and emitting low-frequency inertia–gravity waves whose aspect ratio matches that of the turbulent layer and whose horizontal wavelength is large enough to avoid back-reflection and hence reach the summer mesosphere. The wave emission is modeled as a linear initial-value problem in which the rapid mixing of mass and momentum achieved by the turbulence is treated as instantaneous, and hence as determining the initial conditions. Care is taken to cast the problem into a form that permits well-conditioned numerical evaluation of the analytical solution, in both rotating and nonrotating cases, which behave very differently. Comparison with fully nonlinear numerical simulations in two dimensions of the same initial-value problem indicates that the linear theory is much better than might be expected on orderof-magnitude grounds. A companion paper (Part II) investigates the transmission of the emitted waves to the mesosphere subject to refraction and radiative damping.
The ISOPAR Method

The ISOPAR method is a method for characterizing the diﬀiculty of golf holes and allows the per-formanceofshotstobeanalyzed. ThemethodisbasedontheballlocationsprovidedbyShotLink™and the subsequent number of shots required to hole out from each respective location. ISOPAR values are calculated which represent the number of shots the field would require to hole out. These ISOPAR values can, a) be visualized on an ISOPAR map and, b) lead to a new performance indicator called Shot ality , which is the diﬀerence between the ISOPAR values of the starting position and finishing position, respectively. The Shot ality score can also be used to determine how many shots were saved per shot, or per type of shot, with respect to the performance of the field.
On methods for improving the accuracy of multi-class classification on imbalanced data

Imbalance of the classes, characterized by a disproportional ratio of observations in each class, is one of the significant problems in machine learning. Class imbalances can be detected in many areas, including medical diagnostics, spam filtering, and fraud detection. Most machine learning algorithms work optimally when the number of samples in each class is approximately the same. This is because most algorithms are designed to maximize accuracy and reduce error. However, under conditions of class imbalance, the model may be overfitted, which leads to incorrect estimates of object classification. Thus, in order to avoid this phenomenon and achieve better results, it is necessary to research methods for working with unbalanced data, as well as develop effective algorithms for classifying them. In this paper, we study machine learning methods to eliminate class imbalance in data in order to improve accuracy in multi-class classification problems. In this paper, to improve the accuracy of classification, it is proposed to use a combination of classification algorithms and feature selection methods RFE, Random Forest and Boruta with pre-balancing classes by random sampling, SMOTE and ADASYN. Using data on skin diseases as an example, computer experiments have shown that the use of sampling algorithms to eliminate the imbalance of classes, as well as the selection of the most informative features, significantly improves the accuracy of classification results. The Random Forest algorithm was the most effective in terms of classification accuracy when sampling data using the ADASYN algorithm.
Novel Glaucomys volans vocalizations in Indiana and evidence of geographic variation in high frequency communication

The study of ultrasonic signaling has provided important insights into the ecology of bats and marine mammals, but it is poorly understood in other mammalian taxa. Recently, ultrasonic and high frequency vocalizations were described in southern flying squirrels (Glaucomys volans) in the southeastern United States and Ontario, Canada. Notable differences in many call characteristics suggest regional variation in G. volans communication. We evaluated this observation of regional variation by examining G. volans communication in a little studied portion of their range, the Central Hardwoods Region of the United States. We recorded calls of wild G. volans near West Point, Indiana, with Anabat II ultrasonic recorders. We described frequency and time characteristics of recorded calls, categorized call syllables into types, and used a canonical discriminant function analysis to refine our classification. Our analyses yielded 11 distinct types of G. volans syllables, 7 of which are unlike any calls described in other portions of the species range. This suggests G. volans either communicates in distinct regional dialects or has a much larger call repertoire than previously known. We recommend the creation of locally specific call libraries across the range of G. volans to ensure accuracy in the study of high frequency communication.
Seasonality on Transplanting Monocropped Lettuce and Intercropping With Staked Summer Squash

Lettuce and summer squash are two important vegetables cultivated in peri-urban areas the cities in Mato Grosso State, Brazil. Their intercropping can increase the efficiency of the use of the area and the seasonality of harvest. This study aimed to evaluate the performance of lettuce ( Lactuca sativa ) and summer squash ( Cucurbita moschata ) in a conventional crop system and intercropped with different lettuce transplant period. These being the result of mono-cropping systems and intercropped lettuce with staked summer squash in six transplanting seasons of the lettuce and the monocropping of the trailing summer squash. The simultaneous transplantation of the two species provided the best performance of the lettuce. Summer squash production per plant did not differ between cropping systems; however, increased productivity was obtained with intercropping due to the higher density of plants. All the periods of inter-cropping establishment showed positive rates of land-use efficiency. For the summer squash production, intercropping systems provide better yield; however, the system hampers the development and production of lettuce.
Predicting Anuran Metamorphosis and Energetics

Rates of growth (Pr) and metabolism (Mr) as well as timing of metamorphosis can be precisely described using feeding rate (Cr) as the predictor in Rana tigrina and selected anurans exposed to variables of more than one environmental factor. To predict size at metamorphosis in these anurans, Pr and development rate (Dr) as well as stage-specific growth (Ps) are jointly used as the predictor. Since Cr can predict Pr and Dr, one must know Cr and Ps to predict size at metamorphosis when variables of more than one environmental factor are considered.
A WFPC2 Study of the Resolved Stellar Population of the Pegasus Dwarf Irregular Galaxy (DDO 216)

The stellar population of the Pegasus dwarf irregular galaxy is investigated in images taken in the F439W (B), F555W (V), and F814W (I) bands with the Wide Field Planetary Camera 2 (WFPC2) on the Hubble Space Telescope. With WFPC2 the Pegasus dwarf is highly resolved into individual stars to limiting magnitudes of about 25.5 in B and V and 25 in I. These and ground-based data are combined to produce color-magnitude diagrams which show the complex nature of the stellar population in this small galaxy. A young (age < 0.5 Gyr) main sequence stellar component is present and clustered in two centrally-located clumps, while older stars form a more extended disk or halo. The colors of the main sequence require a relatively large extinction of AV = 0.47 mag. The mean color of the well-populated red giant branch is relatively blue, consistent with a moderate metallicity young, or older, metal-poor stellar population. The red giant branch also has significant width in color, implying a range of stellar ages and/or metallicities. A small number of extended asymptotic giant branch stars are found beyond the red giant branch tip. Near the faint limits of our data is a populous red clump superimposed on the red giant branch. Efforts to fit self-consistent stellar population models based on the Geneva stellar evolution tracks yield a revised distance of 760 kpc. Quantitative fits to the stellar population are explored as a means to constrain the star formation history. The numbers of main sequence and core helium-burning blue loop stars require that the star formation rate was higher in the recent past, by a factor of 3-4 about 1 Gyr ago. Unique results cannot be obtained for the star formation history over longer time baselines without better information on stellar metallicities and deeper photometry. The youngest model consistent with the data contains stars with constant metallicity of Z=0.001 which mainly
Error-Silenced Quantization: Bridging Robustness and Compactness

As deep neural networks (DNNs) advance rapidly, quantization has become a widely used standard for deployments on resource-limited hardware. However, DNNs are well accepted vulnerable to adversarial attacks, and quantization is found to further weaken the robustness. Adversarial training is proved a feasible defense but depends on a larger network capacity, which contradicts with quantization. Thus in this work, we propose a novel method of Error-silenced Quantization that relaxes the requirement and achieves both robustness and compactness. We ﬁrst observe the Error Ampli-ﬁcation Effect, i.e., small perturbations on adversarial samples being ampliﬁed through layers, then a pairing is designed to directly silence the error. Comprehensive experimental results on CIFAR-10 and CIFAR-100 prove that our method ﬁxes the robustness drop against alternative threat models and even outperforms full-precision models. Finally, we study different pairing schemes and secure our method from the obfuscated gradient problem that undermines many previous defenses.
APHIDS (SCHIZAPHIS GRAMINUM R.) INFESTATION ON DIFFERENT WHEAT (TRITICUM AESTIVUM L.) VARIETIES AND THEIR COMPARATIVE YIELDS

A study was conducted during 2012-13 to assess aphids (Schizaphis graminum R.) infestation and yield performance of five varieties (Faisalabad-08, Inqilab91, Lasani-08, Punjab 11, and Punjnad-01) of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) at Islamia University, Bahwalpur. Aphids became visible on 24 February (55 DAS) and enlarged regularly till 22 March 2013 (81 DAS). After 22 March their number dwindled till first week of April (93 DAS). Seasonal mean number of aphids was (34.55 aphids) on Faisalabad-08. Average aphid population on Inqilab-91, Lasani-08 and Punjab-11 was 25.24, 24.68 and 23.41, respectively. Statistically aphid population remained similar on Inqalab-91, Lasani-08 and Punjab-11, but less than Faisalabad-08. Outcome verifies that aphids attacked Faisalabad-08 seriously. Whereas, least number of aphids was observed on Punjnad-01 (15.28). Average tillers were highest in Faisalabad-08 (279.67) and lowest in Lasani-08 (212.33). Grains per spike were found maximum in Inqilab91 (60.2) and minimum in Punjab-11 (36.9). Thousand grains weight was highest in Punjnad-01 (43.57 g) and lowest in Faisalabad-08 (32.70 g). Varieties attacked by aphids exhibited poorer 1000 grain weight. Punjab-01, Inqalab-91, Punjab-11 and Lasani-08 should be promoted in Bahawalpur as these showed better performance.
PII: S0166-8641(02)00129-3

Supposef : [a, b] → [a, b] is continuous. Barge and Martin, and Ingram have shown that if the inverse limit of{[a, b], f } is hereditarily decomposable, then the period of every periodic orbit of f is a power of two. We will elaborate on the structure of these orbits, and, assuming f is a Markov map whose partition is a single periodic orbit, give necessary and sufficient conditions for the inverse limit to be (1) decomposable and (2) hereditarily decomposable.  2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
Contributions of job stress and job involvement in work-family conflict of police officers in Enugu urban, Nigeria

Work-family conflict likely occurs among employees who are caught between demands of work responsibilities and demands of family responsibilities. There has been much research on work-family conflict, but little effort has been made to study this in Nigerian police. Considering the theoretical assumptions of spillover theory linking job stress and job involvement to work-family conflict, this cross-sectional study investigated the contributions of job stress and job involvement in work-family conflict among police officers in Enugu urban area of Enugu State, Nigeria. Two hundred and nine (209) police officers, comprising 129 males and 80 females between the ages of 20 to 59 years (M = 39.24, SD = 6.26) were sampled using multi-stage sampling techniques. The 15-item Job Stress Scale, 20-item Job Involvement Scale and 32-item Work-family Conflict Scale were the measures for data collection. Results of hierarchical multiple-regression revealed that job stress and job involvement did not equally predict work-family conflict and its bi-directions. Specifically, job involvement jointly and independently predicted work-family conflict, work-to-family conflict and family-towork conflict while job stress jointly and independently did not predict work-family conflict and its bidirections. Job involvement accounted for 18.0% of the variance of work-family conflict, 21.90% of work-tofamily conflict and 3.70% of family to work conflict among officers of Nigerian police. There is a need for policy makers in Nigeria such as Police Service Commission to consider job involvement in order to reduce workfamily conflict of police officers.
Effect of Two Fungicides on Mycelial Growth of Fungi Causing Leaf Blight and Wilt of the Rubber Plant (Hevea brasiliensis Muell Arg.) in Cameroon

Rubber ( Hevea brasiliensis Muell. Arg., Euphorbiaceae) is a tropical tree crop mainly grown for the industrial production of latex. The rubber sector in Cameroon is faced with the effects of global economic crisis and a drop in the yield of latex due to several pests and diseases. This study focused on leaf diseases caused by Fusarium oxysporum and Pestalotiopsis microspora . The fungi were isolated from the leaves of the rubber plant and cultured for characterization on two media (Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) and Potato Carrot Dextrose Agar (PCDA)) at various temperature and pH levels. Using the poison food technique, an in vitro assay was done to assess the effect of two fungicides (Synthetic Fungicide 1 (SF1) and Synthetic Fungicide 2 (SF2)) at the respective doses of 0.006, 0.013 and 0.025 g.L -1 , and 0.005, 0.01 and 0.02 g.L -1 on the growth of the two fungi. Results obtained show that PDA is most favourable for the growth of both fungi compared to PCDA. Both fungi attained optimal growth at pH 7 and at an incubation temperature of 25 o C. Neither F. oxysporum nor P. microspora grew on SF1-amended PDA and PCDA at all doses of the fungicide. SF2 significantly (P>0.05) inhibited the growth of P. microspora by 53.3% at the dose of 0.025 g.L -1 while F. oxysporum was less sensitive to the fungicide at all doses. In vitro pathogenicity test revealed similar disease symptoms as those observed in the field. This study shows that SF1 is the best fungicide against F. oxysporum and P. microspora as it gave 100% inhibition on the growth of both fungi.
On Jordan k-Derivations of 2-Torsion Free Prime

In this article, we define k -derivation and Jordan k derivation of Γ-rings as well as different types of Γ-rings, and develop some important results relating to these concepts. In general, every Jordan k -derivation of a Γ-ring M is not a k -derivation of M. We prove that every Jordan k -derivation of a 2-torsion free prime Γ-ring (in the sense of Nobusawa) is a k -derivation. AMS (MOS) Subject Classification Codes: Primary 16N60, Secondary 16W25, 16U80.