Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Some Non-Classical Boundary Value Problems of Thermoelasticity and a Three-Dimensional Analogue of Muskhelishvili's Thermal Effect

The present article deals with special thermoelastic equilibrium of the rectangular parallelepiped; some non-classical thermoelasticity problems are stated and analytically solved. In particular, in the Cartesian system of coordinates thermoelastic equilibrium of an isotropic homogeneous rectangular parallelepiped is considered. Symmetry or antisymmetry conditions are defined on four lateral facets of the parallelepiped, while the remaining upper and lower facets are free of stress. The problem is to define the temperature on the upper and lower facets of the parallelepiped, so that normal displacements or tangential displacements on these facets would take a priori defined value (note that since zero values have been already defined on the upper and lower facets, on each of these facets instead of three conditions four or five conditions should be satisfied). It should be emphasized that at the end of the paper a three-dimensional thermal effect is stated, similar to Muskhelishvili's two-dimensional thermal effect.
Effectiveness of an Oral Health Education Program Using a Smart Toothbrush with Quantitative Light-Induced Fluorescence Technology in Children

This randomized controlled trial aimed to educate patients and manage oral hygiene remotely via a smart toothbrush (ST) by using mobile applications and to improve oral hygiene and habits by evaluating the plaque state via images from a Q-ray cam, which is a quantitative light-induced fluorescence (QLF) digital imaging device. In total, 68 children (aged 6–12 years) were randomly divided into three groups. Group I was assigned an electro-toothbrush (ET), group II was assigned a smart toothbrush (ST), and group III used a manual toothbrush (MT). Each group used an assigned toothbrush and was checked after 1 and 3 months. Oral hygiene status was evaluated using the patient hygiene performance (PHP) index and fluorescent plaque index (FPI), which are presented in the QLF program. In addition, questionnaires on oral health behaviors and attitudes were also evaluated. There was a 0.24 decrease in the PHP index and a 1.40 decrease in the simple hygiene score three months later compared with the baseline in the ST group, with no significant difference between the three methods (p = 0.518, p = 0.626). Many group II participants said that ST helped with oral hygiene, and they were willing to use it continuously. In addition, all participants’ brushing times and attitudes toward oral hygiene improved after oral hygiene education using a Q-ray cam. Therefore, the use of STs provided good dental health education and a plaque-decreasing effect to children aged 6–12 years old. Furthermore, the QLF device can be used as a useful tool for maintaining good oral hygiene in children.
Cytokinin Response Factor 9 Represses Cytokinin Responses in Flower Development

A multi-step phosphorelay system is the main conduit of cytokinin signal transduction. However, several groups of additional factors that also play a role in this signaling pathway have been found—among them the Cytokinin Response Factors (CRFs). In a genetic screen, CRF9 was identified as a regulator of the transcriptional cytokinin response. It is mainly expressed in flowers. Mutational analysis indicates that CRF9 plays a role in the transition from vegetative to reproductive growth and silique development. The CRF9 protein is localized in the nucleus and functions as a transcriptional repressor of Arabidopsis Response Regulator 6 (ARR6)—a primary response gene for cytokinin signaling. The experimental data suggest that CRF9 functions as a repressor of cytokinin during reproductive development.
A Pilot Study to Assess Visual Vertigo in People with Persistent Postural–Perceptual Dizziness with a New Computer-Based Tool

Background: Visual vertigo (VV) is a common symptom in people with persistent postural–perceptual dizziness (PPPD). Few subjective scales are validated for assessing the intensity of VV, yet these scales are limited by recall bias, as they require individuals to rate their symptoms from memory. The computer-Visual Vertigo Analogue Scale (c-VVAS) was developed by adapting five scenarios from the original paper-VVAS (p-VVAS) into 30 s video clips. The aim of this pilot study was to develop and test a computerized video-based tool for the assessment of visual vertigo in people with PPPD. Methods: PPPD participants (n = 8) and age- and sex-matched controls (n = 8) completed the traditional p-VVAS and the c-VVAS. A questionnaire about their experiences using the c-VVAS was completed by all participants. Results: There was a significant difference between the c-VVAS scores from the PPPD and the control group (Mann–Whitney, p < 0.05). The correlation between the total c-VVAS scores and the total c-VVAS scores was not significant (r = 0.668, p = 0.07). The study showed a high acceptance rate of the c-VVAS by participants (mean = 91.74%). Conclusion: This pilot study found that the c-VVAS can distinguish PPPD subjects from healthy controls and that it was well-received by all participants.
The Inter-Organ Crosstalk Reveals an Inevitable Link between MAFLD and Extrahepatic Diseases

Fatty liver is known to be associated with extra-hepatic diseases including atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and extra-hepatic cancers, which affect the prognosis and quality of life of the patients. The inter-organ crosstalk is mediated by metabolic abnormalities such as insulin resistance and visceral adiposity. Recently, metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) was proposed as a new definition for fatty liver. MAFLD is characterized by the inclusion criteria of metabolic abnormality. Therefore, MAFLD is expected to identify patients at high risk of extra-hepatic complications. In this review, we focus on the relationships between MAFLD and multi-organ diseases. We also describe the pathogenic mechanisms of the inter-organ crosstalk.
Greenland plateau jets

The high ice-covered topography of Greenland represents a significant barrier to atmospheric flow and, as a direct and indirect result, it plays a crucial role in the coupled climate system. The wind field over Greenland is important in diagnosing regional weather and climate, thereby providing information on the mass balance of the ice sheet as well as assisting in the interpretation of ice core data. Here, we identify a number of hitherto unrecognised features of the three-dimensional wind field over Greenland; including a 2500-km-long jet along the central ice sheet's western margin that extends from the surface into the middle-troposphere, as well as a similar but smaller scale and less intense feature along its eastern margin. We refer to these features as Greenland Plateau Jets. The jets are coupled to the downslope katabatic flow and we argue that they are maintained by the zonal temperature gradients associated with the strong temperature inversion over the central ice sheet. Their importance for Greenland's regional climate is discussed.
Terahertz radiation as a pump and probe for studying low frequency vibrations in proteins

Many functionally important structural changes in proteins proceed along the direction of their lowest frequency vibrations. These vibrations correspond to picosecond collective dynamics. Establishing the fundamental relationship between these vibrations and protein function remains a challenge within biophysics. Electromagnetic radiation in the terahertz frequency range (0.1-10 THz) can excite collective picosecond vibrations which makes it suitable as a probe for direct observation as well as a pump for the selection of functionally relevant vibrations for detection by other methods. The use of terahertz radiation for biological applications is hampered by several technical difficulties such as water absorption and thermal effects. For these reasons, method development is an important aspect when applying terahertz radiation to biological problems. In this work, terahertz radiation has been used to identify and characterize low frequency vibrations in three different proteins by applying both novel experimental design and analysis methods. Terahertz absorption spectroscopy was used to identify the change in collective dynamics upon photo activation of a photosynthetic reaction centre. The collective vibrations were of non thermal origin and localized to the chromophore containing subunits implying the involvement of collective dynamics in photosynthesis. By combining X-ray crystallography with 0.4 THz excitation the presence of collective dynamics was detected in both lysozyme and thermolysin. In lysozyme, the vibrational mode was localized to a central α-helix. The vibrational mode had a lifetime longer than expected which most likely arise from a hypothetical Fröhlich condensation process not previously observed. The interaction of terahertz radiation with thermolysin was identified through a Bayesian statistical analysis of X-ray diffraction data.
Some Problems of Thermoelastic Equilibrium of a Rectangular Parallelepiped in Terms of Asymmetric Elasticity

Abstract An effective solution of a number of boundary value and boundary contact problems of thermoelastic equilibrium is constructed for a homogeneous isotropic rectangular parallelepiped in terms of asymmetric and pseudo-asymmetric elasticity (Cosserat's continuum and pseudo- continuum). Two opposite faces of a parallelepiped are affected by arbitrary surface disturbances and a stationary thermal field, while for the four remaining faces symmetry or anti-symmetry conditions (for a multilayer rectangular parallelepiped nonhomogeneous contact conditions are also defined) are given. The solutions are constructed in trigonometric series using the method of separation of variables.
Pathogen-driven cancers from a structural perspective: Targeting host-pathogen protein-protein interactions

Host-pathogen interactions (HPIs) affect and involve multiple mechanisms in both the pathogen and the host. Pathogen interactions disrupt homeostasis in host cells, with their toxins interfering with host mechanisms, resulting in infections, diseases, and disorders, extending from AIDS and COVID-19, to cancer. Studies of the three-dimensional (3D) structures of host-pathogen complexes aim to understand how pathogens interact with their hosts. They also aim to contribute to the development of rational therapeutics, as well as preventive measures. However, structural studies are fraught with challenges toward these aims. This review describes the state-of-the-art in protein-protein interactions (PPIs) between the host and pathogens from the structural standpoint. It discusses computational aspects of predicting these PPIs, including machine learning (ML) and artificial intelligence (AI)-driven, and overviews available computational methods and their challenges. It concludes with examples of how theoretical computational approaches can result in a therapeutic agent with a potential of being used in the clinics, as well as future directions.
A narrative review of the interconnection between pilot acute stress, startle, and surprise effects in the aviation context: Contribution of physiological measurements

Aviation remains one of the safest modes of transportation. However, an inappropriate response to an unexpected event can lead to flight incidents and accidents. Among several contributory factors, startle and surprise, which can lead to or exacerbate the pilot's state of stress, are often cited. Unlike stress, which has been the subject of much study in the context of driving and piloting, studies on startle and surprise are less numerous and these concepts are sometimes used interchangeably. Thus, the definitions of stress, startle, and surprise are reviewed, and related differences are put in evidence. Furthermore, it is proposed to distinguish these notions in the evaluation and to add physiological measures to subjective measures in their study. Indeed, Landman's theoretical model makes it possible to show the links between these concepts and studies using physiological parameters show that they would make it possible to disentangle the links between stress, startle and surprise in the context of aviation. Finally, we draw some perspectives to set up further studies focusing specifically on these concepts and their measurement.
Evidence of an Absence of Inbreeding Depression in a Wild Population of Weddell Seals (Leptonychotes weddellii)

Inbreeding depression can reduce the viability of wild populations. Detecting inbreeding depression in the wild is difficult; developing accurate estimates of inbreeding can be time and labor intensive. In this study, we used a two-step modeling procedure to incorporate uncertainty inherent in estimating individual inbreeding coefficients from multilocus genotypes into estimates of inbreeding depression in a population of Weddell seals (Leptonychotes weddellii). The two-step modeling procedure presented in this paper provides a method for estimating the magnitude of a known source of error, which is assumed absent in classic regression models, and incorporating this error into inferences about inbreeding depression. The method is essentially an errors-in-variables regression with non-normal errors in both the dependent and independent variables. These models, therefore, allow for a better evaluation of the uncertainty surrounding the biological importance of inbreeding depression in non-pedigreed wild populations. For this study we genotyped 154 adult female seals from the population in Erebus Bay, Antarctica, at 29 microsatellite loci, 12 of which are novel. We used a statistical evidence approach to inference rather than hypothesis testing because the discovery of both low and high levels of inbreeding are of scientific interest. We found evidence for an absence of inbreeding depression in lifetime reproductive success, adult survival, age at maturity, and the reproductive interval of female seals in this population.
High‐resolution reconstruction of a tracer dispersion event: application to ETEX

In a previous two‐part paper, new methods for reconstructing the source of an atmospheric tracer at regional scale were developed. Specifically, the ‘maximum entropy on the mean’ (MEM) method was extended to large (though linear) data assimilation problems. Tests using twin experiments and a limited subset of the data from the European Tracer Experiment (ETEX) were performed. Although temporal reconstruction knowing the location of the source was satisfying, a full three‐dimensional reconstruction with real data was still out of reach.
Integral Equation Residuals for Error Estimation and Internal Resonance Detection

The performance of the four basic residual error estimators for perfectly conducting targets is evaluated in connection with the Rao–Wilton–Glisson method of moments numerical solutions of the electric field, magnetic field, and combined field integral equations (CFIEs). Results for 17 perfectly conducting test targets are used to evaluate the performance. Tangential-field residuals appear to be more reliable than normal-field residuals for assessing accuracy. Residual estimates are shown to be poor when used to assess an equation based on the same boundary condition as the residual. Residuals are sensitive to internal resonance modes associated with the complementary boundary condition and can be used to detect spurious solutions due to their presence.
The impact of GPS radio occultation assimilation at the Met Office

Monitoring of global positioning system radio occultation (GPSRO) data was performed. By comparisons between coincident GRAS and FORMOSAT‐3/COSMIC occultations and coincident GPSRO refractivity and Vaisala RS92 radiosonde‐derived refractivity data, we show the consistency of GPSRO data from independent missions (and differing processing methods) and with independent insitu observation data. It was found that the bending angle and refractivity data from COSMIC is positively biased relative to that of GRAS by 0.2–0.5% in the stratosphere, which is where the GRAS refractivity agreed better with the RS92 radiosonde‐derived refractivity than COSMIC.
Calculation of Fields, Forces, and Mutual Inductances of Current Systems by Elliptic Integrals

A minimum‐ordered set of elliptic integral equations is given for magnetic vector potential, axial and radial fields, the mixed gradient ∂B ρ/∂z for axially symmetric iron‐free current systems, and for mutual inductance and force between coaxial units. The units may be circular loops, cylindrical or plane annular current sheets, or coils of thick section. With full use of correlations, six basic equations suffice for all properties of loops, solenoids, or combinations. The axial solenoid field is calculated by a superior new method. Thick coils are analyzed with the solenoid rather than the loop as element. Magnetic properties are then integrated in radial depth by Gaussian numerical quadrature of variable order. This method can deal with coils whose sections are not rectangular, and whose current densities are a function of the cylindrical radius. No tables are used, and the procedure is simpler and faster than previous methods, for computer use or for solving smaller problems by hand. It has been coded as a unified set of programs for the IBM 7090. These will be described elsewhere; they can compute fields, and trace lines of force even within the windings, or force and mutual inductance between coils in contact, also self‐inductance of ideal solenoids or of thick cylindrical coils. Errors are normally less than one part per million, in extreme cases less than one per thousand.
Time-Series Trends of Depressive Levels of Korean Adults During the 2020 COVID-19 Pandemic in South Korea

Objective This study aimed to observe the changes in people’s depressive levels over 9 months since the coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak as well as to identify the predictors of people’s depressive levels including COVID-19 infection fear in the context of South Korea in 2020. Methods For these purposes, four cross-sectional surveys were periodically implemented from March to December 2020. We randomly recruited 6,142 Korean adults (aged 19 to 70) by using a quota survey. Along with descriptive analysis, which included a one-way analysis of variance and correlations, multiple regression models were built to identify the predictors of people’s depressive levels during the pandemic. Results Overall, people’s depressive levels and fear of COVID-19 infection gradually increased since the COVID-19 outbreak. In addition to demographic variables (i.e., being a female, young age, unemployed, and living alone) and the duration of the pandemic, people’s COVID-19 infection fear was associated with their depressive levels. Conclusion To ameliorate these rising mental health issues, access to mental health services should be secured and expanded, particularly for individuals who present greater vulnerabilities due to socioeconomic characteristics that may affect their mental health.
Dynamic hohlraum driven inertial fusion capsules

A dynamic hohlraum is formed when an imploding annular cylindrical Z-pinch driven plasma collides with an internal low density convertor. This collision generates an inward traveling shock wave that emits x rays, which are trapped by the optically thick Z-pinch plasma and can be used to drive an inertial fusion capsule embedded in the convertor. This scheme has the potential to efficiently drive high yield capsules due to the close coupling between the intense radiation generation and the capsule. In prior dynamic hohlraum experiments [J. E. Bailey et al., Phys. Rev Lett. 89, 095004 (2002)] the convertor shock wave has been imaged with gated x-ray pinhole cameras. The shock emission was observed to be very circular and to be quite narrow in the radial direction. This implies that there is minimal Rayleigh–Taylor imprinting on the shock wave. Thus, the dominant source of radiation asymmetry is not random and in principle could be significantly decreased by proper design. Due to the closed geometry of the d.
Case report: Fecal microbiota transplantation in refractory ankylosing spondylitis

Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is the prototype of a group of systemic inflammatory diseases referred to as spondyloarthritis. Comorbid inflammatory bowel disease and changed gut microbiota in AS have attracted attention to the influence of gut–joint axis and encouraged treating AS by targeting gut microbiota. Here we first reported a patient with refractory AS and comorbid ulcerative colitis (UC) who underwent three fecal microbiota transplantations (FMTs). Inadequate response to conventional treatments including tumor necrosis factor inhibitors impelled FMT as alternative therapy. Notable improvements in AS and UC accompanied with changed fecal microbiota were recorded at 1 week post-FMT1. Further recovery was found after the other two FMTs, and a roughly stable status was maintained in the follow-up period. More studies are needed to validate the effectiveness of FMT in AS and its mechanisms.
Analgesic and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of 80% Methanol Extract and Solvent Fractions of Ehretia cymosa Thonn (Boraginaceae) Leaves in Rodents

Background Ethnobotanical studies in various districts of Ethiopia reported that Ehretia cymosa (E. cymosa) is used for the management of headache, abdominal pain, arthritis and rheumatism. However, there is no scientific investigation done so far to confirm these traditional claims. Thus, the aim of this study was to assess the analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects of the 80% methanol extract and fractions of E. cymosa leaves. Methods The dried and pulverized leaves of E. cymosa were soaked with 80% methanol to obtain a crude extract. Fractionation was done using chloroform, ethyl acetate and water by a soxhlet apparatus. The analgesic effects of the crude extract and solvent fractions were assessed using acetic acid-induced writhing and hot plate tests whereas anti-inflammatory activities were investigated using carrageenan-induced paw edema and cotton-pellet-induced granuloma models. Results In all the tested doses, the 80% methanol extract and solvent fractions revealed substantial (p < 0.001) analgesic activities in acetic acid induced writhing test. In the hot plate method, all the tested doses of E. cymosa crude extract and the solvent fractions produced significant analgesic activities (p < 0.05). In the carrageenan-induced acute inflammation model, all tested doses of the crude extract and solvent fractions resulted in a significant decline in paw edema. The 80% methanol extract and solvent fractions of E. cymosa at all the tested doses significantly reduced inflammatory exudates and granuloma mass formations (p < 0.001). Conclusion From the results of this investigation, it can be stated that 80% methanol extract, aqueous, ethyl acetate and chloroform fractions of E. cymosa exhibited considerable analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities, supporting the plant’s traditional use as a remedy for a variety of painful and inflammatory conditions.