Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
THE INFLUENCE OF VEGETATION ROOTS ON SLOPE STABILITY IN LANDSLIDE SUSCEPTIBLE AREAS

Slope protection against shallow landslides using vegetation has been widely applied in civil and environmental engineering throughout the world, but its root role in slope stability has not been studied in Indonesia. This paper provides an indication of the mechanical strength parameters of several species of vegetation roots in the productive forest area on the hillside of Pujon, Malang Regency, East Java, Indonesia. Laboratory tests were conducted to evaluate the physical properties and shear strength of roots with roots and roots without roots [control]. The contribution of root strengthening to soil shear strength with respect to slope stability has been investigated by finite element analysis using Plaxis 2D software. This approach allows quantification of the effect of mechanical root strengthening on slope safety factors and assessment of the sensitivity of slope stability to variations in the cohesion and depth of the root zone, Hr [1 and 2m] and slope [α] between 15 o and 45 o with numerical simulations. This study showed that roots have shown to increase soil strength. The highest cohesion of the root-soil system was found in P. merkusii (12.03 kN /m 2 ), followed by A. dammara (10.24 kN / m 2 ) and T. ciliata (8.34 kN /m 2 ), the lowest was found in Eucalyptus sp. (8.02 kN /m 2 ). Compared to the control those values were 66.8 to 100 times higher, and the average internal friction angle [] decreased by 43% compared to rootless soil. The analysis showed that the effect of Ruwaida Zayadi, Zaenal Kusuma, Amin Setyo Leksono and Bagyo Yanuwiadi http://www.iaeme.com/IJCIET/index.asp 125 editor@iaeme.com root reinforcement on the FOS has increased 14 to 21% for both depths compare to the control. While that of 2 m depth increased 19 to 27% compare to the 1 m. The results also showed that P. merkusii had the strongest roots, followed by A. dammara, T. ciliata, C. arabica and Eucalyptus sp.
Dichloroisonicotinic and salicylic acid, inducers of systemic acquired resistance, enhance fungal elicitor responses in parsley cells

Certain plant species that were previously infected by pathogenic organisms subsequently develop a systemic resistance to further infection. This systemic acquired resistance can also be achieved by treatment with 2,6-dichloroisonicotinic acid. Although this chemical does not directly induce coumarin secretion in suspension-cultured cells of parsley (Petroselinum crispum), preincubation of the cultures with the compound greatly increases the subsequent induction of coumarin derivatives by a fungal elicitor, especially at low elicitor concentrations and in cell batches exhibiting a low response due to unknown variations in growth conditions. The effect appears to result from an increase in the sensitivity of the cells towards the elicitor, which causes enhanced transcription of genes coding for enzymes involved in coumarin synthesis. The enhanced transcriptional and translational activity is examplified by two specific mRNAs and the activity of phenylalanine ammonia lyase and S-adenosyl-l-methionine:xantho-toxol O-methyl transferase. Salicylic acid, which has been implicated as an endogenous signal substance in systemic acquired resistance, causes similar but less pronounced effects. The results suggest that both acids may act by inducing increased synthesis of unknown components of the signal perception or transmission pathway which are rate-limiting in untreated cells.
Aplicação de extrato etanólico de própolis no crescimento e produtividade do feijoeiro comum

Propolis is a substance widely used in various areas of science, but the effect of its application on annual crops is still unknown. Thus, our aim was to evaluate the effect of ethanol extract of propolis (EEP) on the severity of anthracnose, growth and productivity of Carioca bean cultivar IPR 139. Two experiments were conducted from October 2010 to January 2011. The experiments were arranged in the randomized block design with five replications: of three applications of EEP at concentrations of 0, 1, 2, 3 and 4%, fortnightly, from 25 days after emergence (DAE). EEP was prepared with 10% crude propolis (originated from the Parana coast) and 90% alcohol 96o GL. No significant differences were found for plant height, leaf number and leaf area. EEP reduced anthracnose severity in up to 63% at the concentration of 4%, increased foliar nitrogen (N), magnesium (Mg), iron (Fe), mean leaf area and productivity by up to 33%. The decrease in anthracnose severity obtained with EEP application increased grain yield.
rDNA loci and DAPI bands reflect the phylogenetic distance between Vicia species.

The chromosomal positions of 5S and 25S rRNA genes, as well as of DAPI (4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole) bands are described for 5 Vicia species (Vicia macrocarpa, Vicia sativa, Vicia narbonensis, Vicia ervilia and Vicia faba) to find out the phylogenetic relationships among studied species. From the results, it was concluded that the phylogenetic relationships among the studied species are as follows: Vicia ervilia is closely related to Vicia narbonensis and Vicia narbonensis is related to Vicia macrocarpa. However, the degree of relation between Vicia narbonensis, and Vicia macrocarpa is less than the relation between Vicia narbonensis and Vicia ervilia, while Vicia sativa is closely related to Vicia macrocarpa, but Vicia faba is far from all studied species.
Macroinvertebrate community dynamics: strong negative response to salmon redd construction and weak response to salmon-derived nutrient uptake

Abstract Densely spawning salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.) affect macroinvertebrates negatively through redd construction and positively through nutrients released during spawning and carcass decomposition. We investigated the long-term characteristics of this interaction by measuring density, biomass, and C and N sources in benthic macroinvertebrates over 1 y. Total macroinvertebrate community biomass decreased during spawning and redd construction. However, the percentage of macroinvertebrate biomass derived from salmon increased. The highest percentage (56%) and biomass (2.71 g/m2) of salmon-derived tissue in the macroinvertebrate community occurred 3 mo after spawning. Shredders accumulated the most salmon-derived biomass per individual; however, collector-filterers, scrapers, and predators accumulated the most salmon-derived biomass at the population level, a result that suggests multiple pathways of salmon nutrient acquisition. Salmon-derived macroinvertebrate biomass was never <22% of macroinvertebrate community biomass in the spawning reach, but 6 mo after spawning, no clear density or biomass differences were found between reaches with and without salmon. This pattern held true at all scales examined, from whole community to functional feeding group to individual taxa in prespawning samples from both years. These results suggest that increased macroinvertebrate production from the nutrient and energy subsidy from salmon was restricted to the recovery period following the disturbance of redd construction and might have been obscured by emergence and transfer to higher trophic levels.
A REVIEW OF INTRINSIC MOTIVATION ELEMENTS IN GAMIFIED ONLINE LEARNING

The advent of information and communication technology provides the opportunity and convenience to anyone to be able to follow online-based learning, so that teaching and learning can be arranged without limits of space and time. Today, online-based learning is offered by many higher education institutions and commercial industries. A variety of strategies to increase student motivation approach on online-based learning has been studied, one of them by using gamification approach. Previous researches were found to adopt motivational theories to stimulate the intrinsic and extrinsic level of gamification approach in education, According to the promise of gamification to enhance the intrinsic motivation of students based on elements of motivation through online-based learning, in this research, we focus on examining; 1) How the application of gamification in online-based learning is, 2) what game design elements that exist in the gamified-based online learning are, and 3) how to increase student motivation in gamified-online learning based on intrinsic motivation elements. The results of our study showed that gamification on online based learning increased, both regarding to utilization, approaches, methods, testing and determination of game design elements are used. Gamification also gave positive impact on student motivation in learning, although it depended on various factors and conditions. We provided reviews and examples based on the literature for the designer in determining the game design elements based on intrinsic motivation elements in the online-based
Can strengths use at work reduce the deleterious effect of depressive and anxiety symptoms on work functioning?

© National Wellbeing Service Ltd 2018 • www.nationalwellbeingservice. com/journals 1 of 12 Abstract Objectives: The aim of the present study was to examine the association between strengths use at work and mental health related work functioning. This study also seeks to test the moderating effect of strengths use in the association between depressive and anxiety symptoms and work functioning. Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted among 331 workers. Participants answered a self-reported questionnaire assessing their depressive and anxiety symptoms, level of work functioning, and perception concerning the use of their strengths at work. Results: Results indicated that strengths use at work was negatively associated with impaired work functioning, impaired productivity and troublesome symptoms at work. Moderation analysis also indicates that high strengths use at work lessens the association between depressive and anxiety symptoms and impaired work functioning and productivity. Conclusions: Frequently using one’s strengths at work could decrease productivity problems as well as the presence of troublesome symptoms while working. It could also reduce the negative association between depressive and anxiety symptoms and work functioning and productivity. Workers living with depressive or anxiety symptoms are encouraged to identify their strengths and to use them at work as much as possible.
CHARACTERISING THE SPATIAL STUCTURE OF OBSERVATION ERRORS IN SATELLITE-DERIVED ATMOSPHERIC MOTION VECTORS FOR DATA ASSIMILATION

This study characterises statistically the spatial structure of observation errors in satellite-derived Atmospheric Motion Vectors (AMVs), AMVs are derived by tracking structures in image sequences from geostationary satellite data and provide excellent temporal and spatial coverage. They are an established input to data assimilation systems (e.g., Bouttier and Kelly 2001). Most wind producers now provide datasets at 160 km (at nadir) resolution or higher (e.g., Nieman et al. 1997, Schmetz et al. 1993). * A good specification of the random and systematic errors of any observation is essential to assimilate the information in a near optimal way. The errors assigned to the observations together with an estimate for the error in the First Guess determine the weighting of both in the analysis system (e.g., Daley 1993). For technical reasons, error specifications are frequently simplified. For instance, First Guess errors are assumed to be isotropic and observation errors are assumed to be uncorrelated (e.g., Derber and Bouttier 1999, Daley 1993). Many authors have suggested that the assumption of uncorrelated errors is invalid for AMVs (e.g., Rohn et al. 2001, Butterworth and Ingleby 2000). Many aspects of the winds derivation are likely to introduce spatially correlated errors, for example, the use of forecast data in the height assignment. In an attempt to reduce the influence of correlated errors in the assimilation, AMVs are frequently thinned to a lower resolution (e.g., 1.25o 140 km, Rohn et al. 2001), or observation errors are inflated, to avoid overfitting. The characterisation of the error correlations for AMVs presented here provides important guidance for a refined use of AMVs in assimilation systems. A more detailed report is provided in Bormann et al. (2002).
Is UV and blue-green egg colouration a signal in cavity-nesting birds?

We analysed the eggs of the European starling Sturnus vulgaris for variability of UV and blue-green colouration. We noted the calcium deposition in eggshells, egg measurements, light conditions in nests and starling eye properties. Egg colouration shows high within-clutch similarity. Intensity of the blue-green egg colour neither depends on Ca deposition in the eggshell nor correlates with egg measurements, clutch size and laying date. This suggests that the intensity of the blue-green colour of starling eggs does not reflect female condition, which is reported to affect egg and clutch parameters. Low light intensity in cavities enables only mesopic vision, which is characterised by degraded visual acuity and colour sense, as well as Purkinje shift. As a consequence, the probability of precise assessment of the differences in eggs colour by starling males, crucial for the signalling hypothesis (Moreno & Osorno 2003), is not high. On the other hand, irrespective of its intensity, blue-green is the last colour visible under decreased illumination. Thus such coloured eggs may attract higher parental attention in dark cavities. We also demonstrated a strong negative correlation between intensity of blue-green and UV colouration of starling eggs, as well as constrained sensitivity of the starling eye to the range of eggs' maximum UV reflectance. Our study indicates that it is blue-green, not the UV component of the egg's spectral characteristics, which seems to increase the perception of eggs by adults in dark cavities. We suggest that it might have been the most important pressure towards evolution of blue-green colouration of eggs in cavity-nesting birds.
Habitat selection of two medium-sized carnivores in an isolated and highly anthropogenic Mediterranean park: the importance of riverbank vegetation

Abstract Since habitat selection is a key aspect of animal activity, its study in anthropogenic environments could show some clues about how medium-sized carnivores deal with the fact of living in suburban Mediterranean habitats. Compositional analysis was performed to evaluate the habitat selection of foxes and genets in a highly humanized metropolitan park of the NE Iberian Peninsula at population level by using the results obtained by a camera-trapping survey. A significant selection was found for the two species. Both species positively selected for riverbank vegetation. On the other hand, the red fox selected negatively for shrubs, while the genet did it for crop fields. Species results are discussed considering their respective ecological particularities.
A re-description of the enigmatic deep-sea holothurian Irpa abyssicola (Elpidiidae, Elasipodida) with remotely operated vehicle observations on benthic organisms in the Norwegian-Greenland Basin

The deep-sea holothurian Irpa abyssicola (Elpidiidae) has been re-discovered in the Norwegian-Greenland Basin after a period of more than 100 years. The remotely operated vehicle Victor 6000 was used to collect specimens and to make observations on the biology (density, distribution and behaviour) of the benthic megafauna during a dive to the Hayes Deep (maximum depth Ca 3700 r m). The specimens of Irpa abyssicola were in exceptionally good condition, allowing a re-description of the species. The original description of the holothurian was found to lack many significant morphological details. In particular, it is clear from the new specimens that three pairs of dorsal papillae fuse to form a velum in an anterior third of the body. There are no separate dorsal papillae, as described originally.
AN EVALUATION OF WATER HYACINTH [Eichhornia crassipes (Martius) Solms-Laubach] MEAL AS A FEEDSTUFF FOR PULLET CHICKS AS DETERMINED BY CARCASS AND HAEMATOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS

A total of 300 day-old pullet chicks of Isa Brown strain were fed diets containing 0, 5, 10 and 15 % dietary inclusion levels of water hyacinth meal (WHM) to form Diets 1, 2, 3 and 4 respectively. Each diet was fed to 75 birds, consisting of 3 replicates of 25 birds per replicate, for 8 weeks. At the end of the 8 week of the experiment, two birds per replicate were randomly selected for blood collection. Blood samples were collected from the jugular veins of the birds into test tubes treated with and without EDTA anti-coagulant to obtain whole blood and serum, which were used for the determination of haematological and biochemical parameters respectively. Also, at the end of the 8 week, two birds per replicate were fasted for 12 hours, weighed and slaughtered by manual exsanguination. They were then dressed and their carcass characteristics determined. There were no significant (p>0.05) differences in live weight, slaughter weight, defeathered weight, eviscerated weight, dressed weight, meat in carcass, bone in carcass and meat to bone ratio among the control and the WHM diets. Also, there were no significant (p>0.05) differences in the weight of the head, forelimb, hind limb, drumstick, neck, breast, back, heart, liver, crop, gizzard and lung but significant (p<0.05) differences existed in the weight of the thigh, kidney, intestine and spleen among the dietary treatments. There were no significant (p>0.05) differences in haemoglobin concentration (Hb), packed cell volume (PCV), white blood cell concentration (WBC), red blood cell concentration (RBC), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH) and mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC) among the dietary treatments. Of all the biochemical parameters determined only globulin (Glo) and total protein (TP) showed significant (p<0.05) differences across the dietary treatments. Hence, it can be concluded that WHM can be included up to 15 % in the diets of pullet chicks (replacing 75 % wheat offal) without any detrimental effects on their carcass characteristics and haematological profile.
EFFECTS OF TILLAGE AND MULCHING ON MAIZE YIELD, SOIL WATER CONTENT AND ORGANIC CARBON IN KIREGE, THARAKA-NITHI COUNTY, KENYA

xi CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION . 1 1.1 Background information . 1 1.2 Justification and Problem statement. 2 1.3 Research questions . 3 1.4 Research hypotheses . 3 1.5 Objectives . 3 1.5. 1 Broad objective . 3 1.5. 2 Specific objectives . 3 1.6 Significance of the study . 4 1.7 Conceptual framework . 4 1.8 Definition of terms . 6 CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW . 8 2.1 Overview . 8 2.2 Tillage . 9 2.2.1 Conventional tillage . 9 2.2.2 Minimum tillage . 10 2.2.3 Tillage effects on maize yields . 12 2.2. 4 Tillage effects on soil moisture . 13 2.2. 5 Tillage effects on soil organic carbon . 14 2.3 Mulching . 15
Energy Partitioning and Performance of Male Buffalo Calves Fed Ajwain Seed (Trachyspermum ammi) as Feed Additive

The long drawn interest of researchers towards energy partitioning process consists of evaluating the amount of energy ingested by the animal and quantifying the loss of this energy during metabolism. Research has shown that for ruminants between 6 and 12% of gross energy (GE) intake is lost in the form of methane. Livestock forms a major anthropogenic source of CH4 emission from the agriculture sector. Globally, livestock accounts for ~37% of anthropogenic CH4 which is largely produced by enteric fermentation in ruminants as part of their normal digestive processes (FAO, 2006).
Refusal Strategies Used By Multi-Nationality Students

This descriptive qualitative study was aimed at exploring refusal strategies used by the students of primary level of Gandhi Memorial Intercontinental School (GMIS) Bali in requesting, offering, inviting, and suggesting. The students being involved as the subject of this study were multi nationality (Indonesian, Indian, Russian, and Japanese) male and female students of the third, fourth and fifth grade which were determined using purposive sampling technique. Data collection was conducted through observation, recording, and note taking employing video recorder, camera, and field note as the instruments of the data collection. Data analysis in this study was done through four concurrent activities covering data collection, data reduction, data display, and conclusion. The result shows that, in context of request across nationalities, view from the frequency (percentage of refusals) it shows direct refusal is highly used by Russian while it is lowest used by Indonesian students. On the contrary indirect strategy is more often used by Indonesian students. while in context of refusing an offer. it reflects that Indonesian is mostly to refuse it in direct way but this is contrast with Russian who perform direct refusal in less frequent. This condition is in context of refusing in indirect way. the data reveals that Russian are more often to refuse the offering in indirect way while Indonesian is the lowest. In context of refusing invitation, nationality which is the highest used of direct refusal is Indian while nationality which was prefer to perform indirect refusal is Russian. In addition, in context of Suggestion, direct refusal is highly performed by Russian whereas indirect refusal is more often used by Japanese students.
Effect of Tannic Acid on a Low Tannin African Sorghum Variety in Relation to Carbohydrate and Amylase

The effect of concentrations of 0-3% tannic acid on root growth, starch, soluble carbohydrate and alpha and beta amylase was determined during germination of a low tannin sorghum variety. At higher concentrations of tannic acid root growth was suppressed. Starch degradation and accumulation of soluble carbohydrates were reduced and both alpha and beta amylase synthesis was decreased. This suggests that tannins retard starch degradation indirectly by inhibiting the synthesis of starch hydrolytic enzymes during germination.
OBJECT DETECTION IN HIGH-RESOLUTION AERIAL IMAGES BASED ON IMAGE PYRAMID AND PATCH DETECTION

Recently, many approaches based on deep convolutional neural networks (CNNs) for object detection have showed better performance compared with traditional approaches. Since objects in high-resolution aerial images are usually very small with complex backgrounds, the performance of deep CNN-based approaches on object detection in high-resolution aerial images is still limited. In addition, with the constraint of the amount of memory on graphics processing units (GPUs), current state-of-the-art CNN architectures cannot directly process high-resolution aerial images. This paper proposes an improved deep CNN-based framework for object detection in high-resolution aerial images. To detect objects at different scales, image pyramid with different sizes is generated from single input image by down-sampling the original high-resolution input image. Each image level in the image pyramid can be used to detect objects at a different scale. For each image in the image pyramid, small patches with small fixed-size are generated. Each patch is then fed to the detection network, which is based on SSD framework with VGG-16 architecture as the base network, to generate patch detection results. Patch detection results are then projected to the image pyramid at the original scale to form image detection results. Finally, Non-Maximum Suppression (NMS) algorithm is adopted after image detection results to create final detection results. Experimental results on public datasets with high-resolution aerial images show that the proposed approach is very simple and efficient while achieving nearly as detection accuracy as recent state-of-the-art methods.