Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Genetic analysis for grain yield and its component traits in maize (Zea mays L.) in bred lines

An investigation was carried out to assess the genetic potentiality present among 422 maize inbred lines. Analysis of variance revealed, mean sum of squares for different sources of variation differed significantly for all traits indicating the existence of ample variability among the inbreds. Characters, fodder yield /plant at harvest (6145.00; 4279.36), grain yield / plant (2542.08; 1378.94) and number of leaves (1088.99; 1088.32) recorded higher values of phenotypic and genotypic variance, respectively, indicating the presence of sufficient inherent genetic variability for these characters. GCV was less than its corresponding estimates of PCV for all traits indicated the role of environment in the expression of these traits. Characters, anthesis silking interval (82.41; 65.58), number of leaves (236.66; 236.60), number of cobs / plant (36.01; 23.07), grain yield / plant (47.45; 34.95) and fodder yield / plant at harvest (40.90; 34.13) recorded highest estimates of PCV and GCV, respectively. Wide difference between PCV and GCV estimates were observed for all the traits. Higher estimates of heritability in broad sense were reported for anthesis (0.87), silking (0.89), cob length (0.79), cob girth (0.87), test weight (0.71), fodder yield / plant at harvest (0.70), anthesis silking interval (0.63), number of leaves (1.00), and number of kernel rows (0.63). Highest value of genetic advance as per cent of mean was recorded for number of leaves (487.22) followed by anthesis silking interval (107.51). High heritability coupled with low genetic advance was reported for silking, anthesis, anthesis silking interval, cob length, cob girth, number of kernel rows and test weight indicating the role of non additive gene action. High heritability coupled with high genetic advance was reported for number of leaves, plant height and fodder yield / plant at harvest indicating the role of additive gene action.
Effect of Low Temperature Plasma Treatment on Color of Wool and Nylon 6 Fabrics Dyed with Natural Dyes

In a previous article, we reported that oxygen low temperature plasma treatment of wool fibers increases both the dyeing rate and saturation dye exhaustion of acid dyes, despite increased electronegativity of the fiber surface with the treatment. In this article, wool and nylon 6 fabrics treated with oxygen, carbon tetrafluoride, and ammonia low temperature plasmas are dyed with several natural dyes, such as cochineal, Chinese cork tree, madder, and gromwell. The dyeing rate of the plasma-treated wool increases con siderably with cochineal, Chinese cork tree, and madder, but not with gromwell. How ever, the dyeing rate of nylon 6 with cochineal and Chinese cork tree is not changed by the plasma pretreatment. Furthermore, plasma-treated wool fabrics dyed with cochineal and Chinese cork tree have increased brightness compared with untreated wool.
Mineral Analysis from 'Anjou' Pear Fruit

Relationships between mineral content and corkspot in 'Anjou' pears (Pyrus communis) were evaluated in 1985 and 1986. Although there were no significant relationships between mean preharvest fruit mineraI content and corkspot incidence, the postharvest mineral concentrations of corkspotted and normal fruit were markedly different. Corkspotted and normal pear fruit had different Ca and N : Ca ratios in all types of subsamples (peels, opposing tangential slices with peels, opposing tangential slices without peels, cortical tissue plugs from the area next to the core, cortical tissue plugs from the area just inside of the peel, and the cores including seed), based on either dry or fresh weight. The dry-weight basis also revealed differences in Mg concentrations in both years and in B and K concentrations in 1986. Peel concentrations correlated with other tissues and were the easiest subsample to process. Corkspot was absent in either year, with a peel N: Ca ratio below 6.3. A computer model used mean Ca concentrations and standard deviations to estimate the percentage of pears in each orchard that were less than a given threshold level. When the overall average percentage of arbitrarily defined low-Ca pears was small (< 10%), it was difficult to predict the actual number of low-Ca pears from mean Ca concentrations. Therefore, it may not be realistic to expect strong correlations between mean Ca concentration and the incidence of disorders commonly encountered in Hood River, Ore. This situation occurred even when Ca concentration s of disordered and normal pears clearly differed. Preharvest fruit mineral analysis is commercially used in the United Kingdom (Sharples, 1980; Wailer, 1980) and New Zea- land (Ferguson et al., 1979) to predict storability of apples. Apples likely to store poorly are marketed immediately. Al- though other elements are also important, the Ca concentration is the most useful predictor. Similar programs are possible for 'Anjou' pears in the Pacific Northwest, but important differ- ences between pears and apples may alter the approach. Most 'Anjou' pears are cold-stored before they are marketed. A pre-
Effects of sample pretreatments on EPR spectral characteristics of irradiated sea algae – an advanced approach to identify irradiation status

Different sea algae, such as sea tangle, seaweed and sea mustard, were gamma-irradiated at 1, 5 and 10 kGy. The influence of different sample pretreatments namely, freeze drying (FD), alcoholic extraction (AE), NaOH extraction (NOE) and KOH extraction (KOE) on the paramagnetic characteristics of the sea algae after irradiation was studied using electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy. The EPR spectra of the non-irradiated samples were characterized by a single central line (g = 2.006). In the case of irradiated sea tangles, two types of paramagnetic species were identified. Sugar-like radicals were observed in the samples subjected to FD and AE. A triplet signal of the cellulose radical was identified after NOE and KOE. In case of seaweed a new radiation-induced paramagnetic centre with a hyperfine coupling (hfc) of 2.3 mT was detected after NOE and KOE. However, AE was found to be an appropriate approach to detect the radiation-induced cellulose signal for irradiated sea mustard. Thus, the importance of different sample pretreatments for EPR spectroscopy to identify and characterize detection markers in irradiated sea vegetables was demonstrated.
New aerosol particle formation in different synoptic situations at Hyytiälä, Southern Finland

We examine the meteorological conditions favourable for new particle formation as a contribution to clarifying the responsible processes. Synoptic weather maps and satellite images over Southern Finland for 2003–2005 were examined, focusing mainly on air mass types, atmospheric frontal passages, and cloudiness. Arctic air masses are most favourable for new aerosol particle formation in the boreal forest. New particle formation tends to occur on days after passage of a cold front and on days without frontal passages. Cloudiness, often associated with frontal passages, decreases the amount of solar radiation, reducing the growth of new particles. When cloud cover exceeds 3–4 octas, particle formation proceeds at a slower rate or does not occur at all. During 2003–2005, the conditions that favour particle formation at Hyytiälä (Arctic air mass, post-cold-frontal passage or no frontal passage and cloudiness less than 3–4 octas) occur on 198 d. On 105 (57%) of those days, new particle formation occurred, indicating that these meteorological conditions alone can favour, but are not sufficient for, new particle formation and growth. In contrast, 53 d (28%) were classified as undefined days; 30 d (15%) were non-event days, where no evidence of increasing particle concentration and growth has been noticed.
Revisiting SrTiO3 as a photoanode for water splitting: development of thin films with enhanced charge separation under standard solar irradiation

Strontium titanate (SrTiO3) is an n-type semiconductor with high chemical and photochemical stability. This wide band gap oxide has a band gap energy of about 3.2 eV as well as a favorable energy for photocatalysis. In this study, we demonstrate an alternative and superior method to produce Nb-doped and undoped SrTiO3 photoanode thin films based on a colloidal deposition process which possess good activity under standard solar illumination conditions. Methanol was used as “hole scavenger,” and the results showed that the semiconductor–liquid junction (SCLJ) charge accumulation is not an important mechanism to control the photocurrent density and overpotential. In addition, experimental results suggest that the dominance of photocurrent density is controlled by the potential at the surface space charge layer for the Nb-doped SrTiO3 and by recombination at the depletion layer for the undoped oxide.
Soil carbon sequestration, plant nutrients and biological activities affected by organic farming system in tea (Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze) fields

Abstract There is growing interest in investigations into soil carbon (C) sequestration, plant nutrients and biological activities in organic farming since it is regarded as a farming system that could contribute to climate mitigation and sustainable agriculture. However, most comparative studies have focused on annual crops or farming systems with crop rotations, and only a few on perennial crops without rotations, e.g. tea (Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze). In this study, we selected five pairs of tea fields under organic and conventional farming systems in eastern China to study the effect of organic farming on soil C sequestration, plant nutrients and biological activities in tea fields. Soil organic C, total nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K) and magnesium (Mg), available nutrients, microbial biomass, N mineralization and nitrification were compared. Soil pH, organic C and total N contents were higher in organic tea fields. Soil microbial biomass C, N and P, and their ratios in organic C, total N and P, respectively, net N mineralization and nitrification rates were significantly higher in organic fields in most of the comparative pairs of fields. Concentrations of soil organic C and microbial biomass C were higher in the soils with longer periods under organic management. However, inorganic N, available P and K concentrations were generally lower in the organic fields. No significant differences were found in available calcium (Ca), Mg, sodium (Na), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) concentrations between the two farming systems. These findings suggest that organic farming could promote soil C sequestration and microbial biomass size and activities in tea fields, but more N-rich organic fertilizers, and natural P and K fertilizers, will be required for sustainable organic tea production in the long term.
Neutron-Induced Fission of 233U, 238U, 232Th, 239Pu, 237Np, natPb and 209Bi Relative to 235U in the Energy Range 1-200 MeV

Fission cross section ratios of 233U, 238U, 232Th, 239Pu, 237Np, natural Pb and 209Bi to 235U have been measured in a wide energy range of incident neutrons from 1 MeV to 200 MeV using a time-of-flight technique at the neutron spectrometer GNEIS based on the 1-GeV proton synchrocyclotron of PNPI. For actinide targets, the threshold cross section method and evaluated data below 14 MeV were used for normalization of the shape measurement data, while the evaluated and recommended fission cross sections of 235U were used to convert the ratio data to absolute fission cross sections. For Pb and Bi targets, an absolute normalization of the measured cross section ratios has been done using the thickness of the targets and detection efficiencies.
Proportions of Gas, Liquid, and Char from Pyrolysis of Biomass

The proportions of gas, liquid, and char obtained from pyrolysis of four materials at each of eight temperatures are discussed. At the three lowest temperatures (675, 725, 775 K), a plot of proportion char versus proportion gas is approximately a single straight line for three of the materials (hazelnet shell, tobacco stalk, yellow pine wood). A statistical model for this is proposed.
Progress in the aqueous-phase reforming of different biomass-derived alcohols for hydrogen production

Hydrogen as a clean, efficient, and sustainable energy has attracted considerable attention in recent years. Hydrogen production from aqueous-phase reforming (APR) of biomass-derived alcohols is preferable to other methods because of its wide renewable resource, mild reaction conditions, and low processing cost. In this paper, the progress in the APR process of different biomass-derived alcohols for H2 production is reviewed, and the reaction mechanisms are briefly discussed for different catalysts. Pt-based catalysts exhibit high H2 selectivity but low conversion of the alcohols. Ni-based catalysts exhibit high activity and conversion but low H2 selectivity and yield. 摘要氢气作为一种清洁、 高效的可持续能源, 近年来得到了广泛关注。 水相重整技术以生物质衍生醇类制备氢气, 具有来源广泛、 反应条件温和、 运行成本较低等优点, 相较于其他制氢方法更有优势。 本文详细阐述生物质衍生醇类水相重整制氢的研究进展, 同时讨论不同催化剂的反应机理。 Pt系催化剂表现出较高的氢气选择性, 但是醇类转化率较低。 Ni系催化剂反应活性和转化率均较高, 但仍存在氢气选择性和氢气产率较低等问题。
A dopant-free hole-transporting material for efficient and stable perovskite solar cells

An efficient pristine hole-transporting material (HTM), tetrathiafulvalene derivative (TTF-1), was introduced into perovskite solar cells, without the use of p-type dopants. As compared to cells based on well-known p-type doping with spiro-OMeTAD, perovskite solar cells based on dopant-free TTF-1 performed with a comparable efficiency of 11.03%; moreover, the stability of the dopant-free TTF-1 based cell was greatly improved two fold in air at a relative humidity of ∼40%. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case of perovskite solar cells employing a dopant-free HTM based on a tetrathiafulvalene derivative yielding an efficiency over 11%. The present finding paves the way for the development of efficient dopant-free HTMs for perovskite solar cells, which promotes the advancement of cost-effective and practical perovskite solar cells.
Study of the a.c. conductivity of BaTiO3-doped V2O5-Bi2O3 glasses using Long's overlapping large-polaron tunnelling model

Abstract In the present paper we report the results of a study of the frequency-dependent a.c. conductivity σa.c. of the BaTiO3-doped (5–40 wt%) 90V2O5-10 Bi2O3 (VB) glassy semiconductor system over a wide frequency range (500-10 000Hz) and wide temperature range (80–450 K). The semiconducting behaviour of these glasses is due to the presence of V4+ and V5+ valence states. While the correlated barrier hopping of bipolarons is responsible for the a.c. conductivity in the undoped glasses, Long's overlapping large polaron tunnelling mechanism is found to be valid for all these BaTiO3-doped VB glass compositions. Such a change in conduction mechanism is not usually observed in transition-metal oxide glasses and it is due to the change in network structure of the VB glass arising from the addition of BaTiO3. The doped glasses, however, show phase separation even in the glassy phase in contrast with the pure VB glass. The d.c. conductivity of doped glasses showed a non-adiabatic conduction mechanism in contrast.
The Development of Interactive Project Based E-Module in Visual Program Course

The purpose of this study was to produce learning media in the form of project-based interactive e-modules and to find out the feasibility of the media based on expert testing. The development of this learning media is based on the unavailability of innovative teaching materials in the Visual Programming course at the Electronics Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Negeri Padang. To produce the expected product, the development procedure used is the ADDIE model which consists of five stages, namely: analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation. The results showed the results of the interactive e-module design that had been developed in the Visual Programming course using an innovative project-based learning model were successfully applied and feasible to be implemented in the learning process.
UV/Vis Spectroscopy of Metalloporphyrin and Metallophthalocyanine Monolayers Self-Assembled on Ultrathin Gold Films

The use of evaporated ultrathin gold films on mica to obtain transmission UV/vis spectra of monomolecular overlayers containing chromophores is demonstrated. The gold substrates (thickness, 13−100 A) were studied by scanning force microscopy, UV/vis spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction and found to exhibit an array of {111} textured islands, whose sizes and optical properties can be controlled by the evaporation conditions and subsequent annealing. The use of gold substrates of this kind enables one to clearly resolve UV/vis absorption spectra of (sub)monolayers. This methodology is applied to the study of the binding of cobalt and iron tetraphenylporphyrins (CoTPP and FeTPPCl, respectively) and cobalt phthalocyanine (CoPc) to various N-donor ligand monolayers, self-assembled on ultrathin gold films. Enhancement of the gold surface plasmon absorption, resulting from molecular self-assembly on the gold island film, is used to semiquantitatively follow porphyrin binding to the monolayer.
Continuous biohydrogen and biomethane production from whey permeate in a two‐stage fermentation process

This study focuses on the exploitation of the two‐stage continuous fermentation process for biohydrogen and biomethane production from whey permeate. Mesophilic fermentative biohydrogen production was investigated at a constant hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 24 h and organic loading rates (OLRs) of 20, 25, 30, and 35 kg COD/m3·d. The hydrogenogenic reactor was successfully operated at OLR of 30 kg COD/m3·d when the proportion of hydrogen in biogas, volumetric productionrsquo rate of hydrogen, and hydrogen yield reached the maximum values of 44.6 ± 0.8%, 5.26 ± 0.15 L H2/d, and 4.19 mol H2/kg CODremoved, respectively. The effluent from hydrogenogenic reactor was further digested to biogas in the second reactor operated at a HRT of 3 d and variable OLR in the range of 0.9–1.9 kg COD/m3·d. Maximum biogas production rate, volumetric production rate of methane and methane yield were 16.90 ± 0.6 L/d, 11.95 ± 0.6 L CH4/d, and 0.12 m3 CH4/kg CODadded. The total chemical oxygen demand elimination from whey permeate reached 98% in a two‐stage process. © 2013 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 33: 1411–1418, 2014
LABORATORY STUDIES OF FACTORS AFFECTING MICROBIAL DEGRADATION OF WHEAT STRAW RESIDUES IN SOIL

A simple laboratory method for measuring CO2 evolution from soil was developed using 580-mL plastic containers. Rate of CO2 evolution was measured by exposing 0.1 N NaOH in the closed containers for 4 h and determining the altered conductivity of the absorbent. With 400 g of soil per unit plus 0.172% straw, a coefficient of variation < 2% (total CO2 evolved, 6 wk) was typical with three replicates. Tests with two low-fertility Ontario soils showed that rate of straw decomposition was not affected significantly by fertilizer amendment or length of straw cuttings, but it did increase when soil depth was reduced; also the amount of CO2 evolved increased with duration of soil storage. The method was applied to problems relating to the Mediterranean climate, burning of crop residues, and consequent depletion of soil organic matter. Simulation studies directed towards increasing soil organic matter showed that straw decomposition rates would (1) decrease as crop residues added to soil were increased two- to fiv.
Study of the essential oils from the leaves and flowers of Lepechinia conferta (Benth) Epl.

L. conferta is a perennial herb found in the mountains of Colombia and Venezuela above 1600 m altitude. The aerial parts of this plant were hydrodistilled and the essential oil was collected in a Clevenger-type trap, obtaining a 0.16% yield from the leaves and 0.51% from the flowers. The oil was analysed by GC and GC-MS, 42 compounds were identified in the oil from the leaves and 46 from the flowers. The main constituents were ledol (24.2% and 28.9%), δ3-carene (11.1% and 10.5%), β-phelandrene (9.7% and 11.8%) and aromadendrene (4.5% and 3.6%).
Thermodynamic modelling of Fe-Sm and Fe-Dy systems

Abstract In order to understand the chemical interactions between Fe and Sm and Fe and Dy, the Fe-Sm and Fe-Dy systems were critically evaluated and optimized based on all available and reliable literature experimental data. The Modified Quasichemical Model was employed to model the liquid phase. From the thermodynamic modelling, a consistent thermodynamic description of the intermetallic and liquid phases occurring in the respective binary systems was obtained, which can be integrated in multicomponent Rare Earth (RE) metal systems. Afin de comprendre les interactions chimiques entre Fe et Sm et entre Fe et Dy, on a évalué de façon critique les systèmes Fe-Sm et Fe-Dy et on les a optimisés en se basant sur toutes les données expérimentales fiables et disponibles dans la littérature. On a utilisé le “Modèle Quasi-chimique Modifié” pour modéliser la phase liquide. À partir de la modélisation thermodynamique, on a obtenu une description thermodynamique consistante des phases intermétalliques et liquides qui se trouvent dans les systèmes binaires respectifs, lesquelles on peut intégrer dans les systèmes de métal de terre rare (TR) à composants multiples.
Influence of Yellow Foxtail on Corn Growth and Yield

Abstract Yellow foxtail [Setaria pumila syn. Setaria glauca (L.) Beauv. ] competitive influence on corn (Zea mays L.) growth and yield was investigated at Brookings, South Dakota, and Morris, Minnesota, in 1995 and 1996. Yellow foxtail was seeded at different densities, and at Morris, two levels of nitrogen (N) were applied. Corn biomass measured at V‐6 or V‐8, silking, and harvest and grain yield were correlated negatively to foxtail biomass and density, but the loss differed between years and sites. Nitrogen increased corn growth and decreased yield loss. Defining a single foxtail density or biomass that resulted in a maximum yield loss of 10% was not possible. The most conservative estimate was 3 yellow foxtail plants m−2 or 24 g m−2 of yellow foxtail biomass, but ranged up to 55 plants m−2 and 256 g m−2 when weather conditions and N were optimal.
Slow Relaxation in Ice and Ice Clathrates and its Connection to the Low-Temperature Phase Transition Induced by Dopants

We have used dielectric spectroscopy (frequency range: 10 6 Hz-10 m 3 Hz) and differential scanning calorimetry down to a temperature of 77 K, to study the effect of various dopants on the molecular relaxation in hexagonal ice ( I h ) and some clathrate hydrates ( I c ). The nonelectrolytic dopants did not affect a large change in the dynamics. However, when I h and I c are doped with the alkali hydroxides: KOH, NaOH, LiOH and Ca(OH) 2 , a drastic fall in the relaxation times of the order of 10 7 -10 12 has been noticed. It appears that the alkali metal- and hydroxyl-ion pair exert a large influence on the orientational mobility of water molecules by way of polarization over a domain. The amount of phase that gets transformed to the low temperature (low- T ) ordered phase depends on the solid solubility of the dopant. The nature of the relaxation and variation of the static dielectric constant have been examined critically to get an insight into the actual mechanism responsible for the above phenomena. Our studies confirm the earlier views of Tajima et al . (1984) J. Phys. Chem. Solids , 45 , 1135, that the low- T phase transition which has so far escaped observation for kinetic reasons has now revealed itself by the catalytic action of the dopants.