Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Species Richness, Morphological Features and Inventory of Wild Macrofungi found in Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria

The macrofungi diversity in Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria has been inadequately sampled and never documented; this situation makes the status of macrofungi in the State unclear. It is from this reason that this study was necessitated. A total of 60 species of wild macrofungi belonging to 25 families we documented during the period of this study (April to July 2021). Agaricaceae family recorded the highest number of species (12), followed by Polyporaceae (10), Psathyrellaceae (5), Marasmiaceae (4), Amanitaceae (3), Gomphaceae, Lycophyllaceae, Physalacriaceae, Hymenochaetaceae, Gamodermataceae and Strophariaceae recorded 2 species each. Pluteaceae, Stereaceae, Bondarzewiaceae, Schizophyllaceae, Entolomaceae, Cortinariaceae, Pleurotaceae, Dacrymycetaceae, Auriculariaceae, Tricholomataceae, Hygrophoraceae, Hydnangiaceae, Tubiferaceae and Lycoperdaceae recorded 1 species respectively. Out of the 60 macrofungi recorded, 36 species (60.00%) were non-edible, 13 species (21.67 %) were edible, 2 (3.33%) were choice edible and 2 (3.33%) edible but not recommended respectively. 1 species (1.67%) each were poisonous, psychoactive, edible while young, not recommended, non-poisonous but leathery, edible but shows allergic reactions in some individuals and unknown edibility status. Analysis on the growth substrate of the macrofungi species found revealed that; 32 species (53.33%) grew on dead wood, 25 species (41.67%) on soil, 2 species (3.33%) on living tree trunk and 1 species (1.67%) on decaying organic matter. The list and inventory provided by this study will give baseline information that will be needed in the assessment of changes that may occur in wild macrofungi diversity in Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria. The rich diversity of wild occurring macrofungi in Akwa Ibom State offers huge economic life for the local inhabitants in terms of nutriton, health and medicine as well as ecosystem stability at large. Inclusion of macrofungi biodiversity conservation in Akwa Ibom State and Nigerian forest management policies will be an appropriate step towards conservation of these wild macrofungi. Keywords: Agaricaceae – macrofungi – Marasmiaceae – mushroom – Polyporaceae – Psathyrellaceae
A Health Equity Implementation Approach to Child Health Literacy Interventions

Health and behavioural inequalities exist in all populations, including children. As a social determinant of health, health literacy is a crucial driver of equitable health outcomes in children. With the increasing calls for more actions on addressing low health literacy and inequalities, health literacy interventions to improve children’s healthy behaviours have emerged as a key strategy to reduce health inequities. However, health literacy interventions face implementation challenges impacting upon potential outcomes, and disparities in the implementation of health literacy interventions also occur. Variation exists in child health literacy intervention target groups, timing, content and formats, and there is a lack of implementation specificity, resulting in a lack of clarity about which intervention strategies are the most effective in improving health literacy, related health behaviours, and associated health outcomes. While actions to facilitate child health intervention implementation exist, to minimise further perpetuation of child health inequities, this perspective calls for a health equity implementation approach to child health literacy interventions.
Contextualized embeddings for semantic change detection: Lessons learned

We present a qualitative analysis of the (potentially erroneous) outputs of contextualized embedding-based methods for detecting diachronic semantic change. First, we introduce an ensemble method outperforming previously described contextualized approaches. This method is used as a basis for an in-depth analysis of the degrees of semantic change predicted for English words across 5 decades. Our findings show that contextualized methods can often predict high change scores for words which are not undergoing any real diachronic semantic shift in the lexicographic sense of the term (or at least the status of these shifts is questionable). Such challenging cases are discussed in detail with examples, and their linguistic categorization is proposed. Our conclusion is that pre-trained contextualized language models are prone to confound changes in lexicographic senses and changes in contextual variance, which naturally stem from their distributional nature, but is different from the types of issues observed in methods based on static embeddings. Additionally, they often merge together syntactic and semantic aspects of lexical entities. We propose a range of possible future solutions to these issues.
PARENTS' VIEWS ON RISKY ONLINE BEHAVIORS AND POSITIVE TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT AMONG HONG KONG EARLY ADOLESCENTS

With the increasing use of technology in the 21st century, most people must access the Internet every day, and the new generation of young people has even greater access to the Internet than previous generations had. This study investigated parents’ views on risky online behaviors and positive technological development (PTD) among early adolescents in Hong Kong. Additionally, it explored the influence of parenting styles on the Internet use of early adolescents. The sample consisted of 11 parents from six families (five fathers and six mothers) whose children were 11- to 15-year-old adolescents from six secondary schools. This study used semi-structured interviews to elicit the parents’ views and conducted thematic analysis to analyze the interview data. The results indicate that early adolescents participated in few risky online behaviors but exhibited significant PTD. Three relationships, which were mediated by a variety of factors, such as personal interests and peer influence, were identified between risky online behaviors and PTD. Parents limiting their children’s online activity often led to their children refusing to share the Internet content they consume with their parents. When parents allowed their children to use the Internet without any restrictions, the children either indulged in or self-regulated their Internet use. The parenting styles of the parents in each family were consistent. However, the mothers generally spent more time with their children than did the fathers and were more familiar with their children’s Internet use habits. Herein, we propose some specific suggestions for schools and parents to reduce adolescents’ online risk-taking and promote PTD.
Blast resistance of membrane retrofit unreinforced masonry walls with flexible connections

Unreinforced masonry infill walls are one of the most economical and widely used exterior wall systems. However, they can produce secondary fragments due to their brittle failure modes when subjected to an impulsive blast load. One retrofit to reinforce existing masonry walls is to install a membrane that prevents fragments from entering the building’s interior. Previous research focused on defining the resistance provided by the wall membrane system, but did not include flexibility of the attachments and their influence on the retrofitted wall system. This article addresses that issue through (1) a review of existing membrane retrofit resistance definitions, (2) a derivation of the resistance definition that includes connection flexibility, (3) validation of the derived resistance definition through nonlinear finite element analyses, and (4) comparison of the resistance in a single-degree-of-freedom framework against full-scale blast testing.
A deep learning based system for real-time detection and sorting of earthworm cocoons

: Vermicompost, created by earthworms after eating and digesting organic waste, plays an important role as an organic fertiliser in sustainable agriculture. In this study, a deep learning-based smart system was developed to separate earthworm cocoons used in the production of vermicompost from the compost and return it to production. In the first stage of the study, a dataset containing 1000 images of cocoons was created. The cocoons in each image were labeled and training was performed using a deep learning architecture, one-stage and two-stage models. The models were trained over 2000 epochs with a learning rate of 0.01. From the experimental results, faster R-CNN with ResNet50-FPN model detected the earthworm cocoons better compared to other models. The best performance was obtained by this model with an average precision (AP) of 0.89. In the other stage of the study, the cocoons detected by the software were separated from the compost using a specially designed conveyor belt system. In this process, the detected cocoons are separated from the compost using 10 pneumatic valves that spray air at the separation point. The study is the first of its kind that enables earthworm cocoons to be returned to production with the use of a real-time intelligent system. It also contributes to the literature on small object detection using deep learning.
Wood extraction performance with a farm tractor in a mountainous region of Brazil: cycle time, productivity and costs of two different work crews

Harvesting is a complex and expensive step within forestry operations. In mountainous terrain timber harvesting is complex due to the risks and limitations that the terrain imposes on traditional forms of wood extraction. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effective time of work cycle, productivity, operational costs, and production costs of tree extraction by means of a farm tractor with winch, in two work crew compositions: Crew A: one tractor operator and a choker setter; and Crew B: one tractor operator and two choker setters. The study was implemented in the Vale do Ribeira region of south-eastern Brazil, using a full tree-harvesting system through a time and motion study under different conditions of extraction distance (6–135 m), log yard (5–241 m), and ground slope (7–37°). To evaluate the cycles, a regression analysis was conducted for each treatment, and subsequently compared using the Graybill F-test. Next, a regression with a dummy variable was performed. Crew B showed an average productivity of 13.54 m3; per productive machine hour (PMH), which was higher than the 9.50 m3; PMH−1 of Crew A. The operational costs were US$33.52 PMH−1 for Crew A, and US$44.24 PMH−1 for Crew B. Despite the higher operational cost with Crew B, the increase in productivity resulted in a lower production cost up until the scenario of 120 m of winching distance.
EFL Majors’ Knowledge of Career Paths and the Job Market for English Graduates in Costa Rica

The present study sought to ascertain the knowledge of English as a Foreign Language (EFL) majors of their career path possibilities and the job market for English graduates in Costa Rica. A total of 47 senior English students participated in this investigation. A questionnaire was administered to elicit the students’ knowledge of career paths and the job market for English graduates in Costa Rica and their familiarity with the orientation services provided by the University of Costa Rica. Main findings reveal inconsistencies in the knowledge of English majors of career paths and the job market in Costa Rica. Results also evince the undergraduates’ lack of familiarity with the services provided to help them improve their knowledge of those topics. Practical implications are discussed.
Stakeholder participation in conservation of yellow-crested cockatoo (Cacatua sulphurea abbotti) and its habitat in Masakambing Island, Indonesia

Abstract. Ihsannudin, Antriyandarti E. 2022. Stakeholder participation in conservation of yellow-crested cockatoo (Cacatua sulphurea abbotti) and its habitat in Masakambing Island, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 23: 3950-3959. The yellow-crested cockatoo (Cacatua sulphurea abbotti, Oberholser 1917) is found only on Masakambing Island, Indonesia. Its conservation efforts are now facing hardship due to massive exploitation of their habitat, and stakeholder contribution is essential. The study was conducted on Masakambing Island using a sequential exploratory mixed method design. The results show that based on a ladder of participation, central government, local government, and non-government organization (NGO) are at the second top of the ladder (co-learning), while the community group is at the lower level (cooperation) and the local community at the lowest (compliance ladder). Limited knowledge, resources, and group characteristics contribute to the failure to be at the top level. Meanwhile, the local government, NGO, and community groups achieve a large participation dimension. The central government reaches medium coverage, while the local community has the lowest coverage. Therefore, it is necessary to get support from all stakeholders and put the local community as the main actor using a pragmatic approach. The lack of consideration from the views of older people and community members may add to the complexity of defining financial exploitation, which can result in problems in detection, disclosure, and underreporting of incidences.
Myrcia paivae O.Berg (Myrtaceae) Essential Oil, First Study of the Chemical Composition and Antioxidant Potential

The Myrtaceae family is one of the most representative in the Amazon. Several species have high added-value pharmacological potential. In order to contribute to the knowledge of the aromatic profile of Myrtaceae species from the Amazon, the present study presents the first report on the productivity, chemical composition, and antioxidant profile of the essential oil (EO) of Myrcia paivae. Dry leaves of the species were submitted to hydrodistillation to obtain their EO. The EO performance was calculated on a moisture-free basis and the analysis of the chemical profile was carried out by GC/MS. The determination of the antioxidant capacity was assessed by means of the antioxidant capacity equivalent to the inhibition Trolox of the ABTS•+ and DPPH• radicals. The results indicate that EO performance was equivalent to 1.69%. As for the chemical composition, hydrocarbon monoterpenes were predominant in the sample (>77%); terpinolene (14.70%), α-phellandrene (14.69%), γ-terpinene (9.64%), sylvestrene (7.62%), α-thujene (6.46%), and α-pinene (6.39%) were the constituents with higher content. Regarding the antioxidant capacity, the results show that the EO presented good results in the inhibition of ABTS•+ (0.886 ± 0.226 mM L−1) and DPPH• (2.90 ± 0.083 mM L−1), which can be attributed to the high monoterpene content in the sample.
Iron-bearing to iron-rich tourmalines from granitic pegmatites of the Murzinka pluton, Central Urals, Russia

Abstract Black tourmalines from seven granitic pegmatites (Golodnaya, Kazennitsa, Mokrusha, Kopi Mora, Zheltyye Yamy, Buzheninov Bor and Ministerskaya) related to the Murzinka pluton, Central Urals, Russia have been investigated using electron microprobe analysis, LA-ICP-MS, Raman and Mössbauer spectroscopy. Pegmatites are hosted by serpentinites and gneisses and are classified as schorl, oxy-schorl, fluor-schorl, dravite, oxy-dravite, foitite, oxy-foitite and darrellhenryite. The possible compositional evolution of tourmalines from the Ural pegmatites is as follows: Mg-rich dravite through to Fe-rich schorl, foitite and oxy-foitite to Fe- and Mn-rich darrellhenryite. The major substitutions in the tourmalines are: (1) Fe2+ ↔ Mg; (2) Al + WO2– ↔ Fe2+ + WOH–; (3) X-site vacancy + Al ↔ Na + Fe2+; (4) Al + WO2– ↔ Mg + WOH–; (5) X-site vacancy + Al ↔ Na + Mg; and (6) Fe ↔ Mn. Statical processing of the trace- and major-element composition distinguished three tourmaline groups: (1) trace Co, Ni, Pb, and major Ca and Mg; (2) uni-, di- and trivalent traces (Li, Zn, Ga) and di- and trivalent majors (Al, Mn); (3) U, Th, Hf, Ta, Nb, Y, In, and Sn which correspond to tri-, tetra-, and pentavalent high-field-strength elements. Mössbauer data shows the Fe3+/Fe2+ ratios in tourmalines from pegmatites hosted by gneisses (0.05–0.18) and serpentinites (0.28–0.65), indicates different oxidising environments. Raman data are consistent with the composition of the tourmalines.
Enhancing the Catalytic Activity of Type II L-Asparaginase from Bacillus licheniformis through Semi-Rational Design

Low catalytic activity is a key factor limiting the widespread application of type II L-asparaginase (ASNase) in the food and pharmaceutical industries. In this study, smart libraries were constructed by semi-rational design to improve the catalytic activity of type II ASNase from Bacillus licheniformis. Mutants with greatly enhanced catalytic efficiency were screened by saturation mutations and combinatorial mutations. A quintuple mutant ILRAC was ultimately obtained with specific activity of 841.62 IU/mg and kcat/Km of 537.15 min−1·mM−1, which were 4.24-fold and 6.32-fold more than those of wild-type ASNase. The highest specific activity and kcat/Km were firstly reported in type II ASNase from Bacillus licheniformis. Additionally, enhanced pH stability and superior thermostability were both achieved in mutant ILRAC. Meanwhile, structural alignment and molecular dynamic simulation demonstrated that high structure stability and strong substrate binding were beneficial for the improved thermal stability and enzymatic activity of mutant ILRAC. This is the first time that enzymatic activity of type II ASNase from Bacillus licheniformis has been enhanced by the semi-rational approach, and results provide new insights into enzymatic modification of L-asparaginase for industrial applications.
Physicochemical Properties and Bioaccessibility of Phenolic Compounds of Dietary Fibre Concentrates from Vegetable By-Products

The agro-food industry generates a large volume of by-products, whose revaluation is essential for the circular economy. From these by-products, dietary fibre concentrates (DFCs) can be obtained. Therefore, the objective of this study was to characterise (a) the proximal composition by analysing soluble, insoluble and total Dietary Fibre (DF), (b) the physicochemical properties, and (c) the phenolic profile of artichoke, red pepper, carrot, and cucumber DFCs. In addition, the bioaccessibility of phenolic compounds was also evaluated after in vitro gastrointestinal and colonic digestions. The results showed that the DFCs had more than 30 g/100 g dw. The water holding and retention capacity of the DFCs ranges from 9.4 to 18.7 g of water/g. Artichoke DFC presented high concentration of phenolic compounds (8340.7 mg/kg) compared to the red pepper (304.4 mg/kg), carrot (217.4 mg/kg) and cucumber DFCs (195.7 mg/kg). During in vitro gastrointestinal digestion, soluble phenolic compounds were released from the food matrix, chlorogenic acid, the principal compound in artichoke and carrot DFCs, and hesperetin-7-rutinoside in red pepper cucumber DFCs. Total phenolic content decreased after in vitro colonic digestion hence the chemical transformation of the phenolic compounds by gut microbiota. Based on the results, DFCs could be good functional ingredients to develop DF-enriched food, reducing food waste.
Intimacy across species boundaries: Interspecific allopreening between Spot‐necked (Stachyris strialata) and Nonggang Babblers (S. nonggangensis)

Abstract Allopreening occurs in many species of birds and is known for providing hygienic and social benefits. While this behavior has been extensively studied among conspecifics, its occurrence among different species remains little known. Outside of captive environments, only a few records of interspecific allopreening exist. In this study, we describe our observations of the interspecific allopreening behavior between Spot‐necked (Stachyris strialata) and Nonggang Babblers ( S. nonggangensis) in a non‐captive environment in southern China. To our knowledge, these observations represent the first record of interspecific allopreening in the family Timaliidae. We suggest that this understudied behavior is most likely related to the dominant–subordinate relationship between these two species: either the dominant species preening the subordinate species to assert dominance or the subordinate species preening the dominant species to reduce tensions by appeasement. We also suggest interspecific allopreening may not be as rare as we thought if we study this behavior under circumstances where different species are close to each other. This study contributes to our understanding of not only the potential mechanism(s) behind interspecific allopreening but also the behavioral ecology of the vulnerable Nonggang Babbler.
ReCEIF: Reinforcement Learning-Controlled Effective Ingress Filtering

Volumetric Distributed Denial of Service attacks forcefully disrupt the availability of online services by congesting network links with arbitrary high-volume traffic. This brute force approach has collateral impact on the upstream network infrastructure, making early attack traffic removal a key objective. To reduce infrastructure load and maintain service availability, we introduce ReCEIF, a topology-independent mitigation strategy for early, rule-based ingress filtering leveraging deep reinforcement learning. ReCEIF utilizes hierarchical heavy hitters to monitor traffic distribution and detect subnets that are sending high-volume traffic. Deep reinforcement learning subsequently serves to refine hierarchical heavy hitters into effective filter rules that can be propagated upstream to discard traffic originating from attacking systems. Evaluating all filter rules requires only a single clock cycle when utilizing fast ternary content-addressable memory, which is commonly available in software defined networks. To outline the effectiveness of our approach, we conduct a comparative evaluation to reinforcement learning-based router throttling.
Detection of CO (4-3), CO (9-8), and Dust Emission in the Broad Absorption Line Quasar APM 08279+5255 at a Redshift of 3.9

With the IRAM interferometer, we detected the lines of CO (4-3) and CO (9-8) from the recently discovered broad absorption line quasar APM 08279+5255. The molecular lines are at a redshift of 3.911, which we take to be the true cosmological redshift of the quasar's host galaxy. This means that the quasar emission lines at z=3.87 are blueshifted by a kinematic component of -2500 km s−1 and, along with the broad absorption lines, are probably emitted in the quasar's wind or jet, moving toward us. The CO line ratios suggest that the molecular gas is at a temperature of ~200 K, at a density of ~4000 cm−3. We also detected the dust emission at 94 and 214 GHz (with emitted wavelengths of 650 and 290 μm). The spectral index of the millimeter/submillimeter continuum is 3.2, indicating that the dust emission is optically thin in this part of the spectrum. The extremely high CO and dust luminosities suggest magnification by gravitational lensing. Using the optical extent and our limit on the size of the CO region, we estimate a magnification of 7-30 for the CO lines and the far-IR continuum and 14-60 for the optical/UV. In this interpretation, the molecular gas and dust are in a nuclear disk of radius 90-270 pc around the quasar. The quasar is 25-100 times stronger than, but otherwise resembles, the nucleus of Mrk 231.