Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Automated Pixel-Wise Quantitative Myocardial Perfusion Mapping by Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance to Detect Obstructive Coronary Artery Disease and Coronary Microvascular Dysfunction: Validation Against Invasive Coronary Physiology

Objectives— To assess the performance of CMR myocardial perfusion mapping against invasive coronary physiology reference standards for detecting CAD (defined by fractional flow reserve (FFR)≤0.80), MVD (defined by index of microcirculatory resistance (IMR)≥25) and the ability to differentiate between the two. Background— Differentiation of epicardial coronary artery disease (CAD) and microvascular dysfunction (MVD) in patients with stable angina remains challenging. Automated in-line CMR perfusion mapping enables quantification of myocardial blood flow (MBF) to be performed rapidly within a clinical workflow. Methods— Fifty patients with stable angina and 15 healthy volunteers underwent adenosine stress CMR at 1.5T with quantification of MBF and myocardial perfusion reserve (MPR). FFR and IMR were measured in 101 coronary arteries during subsequent angiography. Results— Twenty-seven patients had obstructive CAD and 23 had non-obstructed arteries (7 normal IMR, 16 abnormal IMR). FFR-positive (epicardial stenosis) areas had significantly lower stress MBF (1.47±0.48ml/g/min) and MPR (1.75±0.60) than FFR-negative IMR-positive (MVD) areas (stress MBF 2.10±0.35ml/g/min, MPR 2.41±0.79) and normal areas (stress MBF 2.47±0.50ml/g/min, MPR 2.94±0.81). Stress MBF ≤1.94ml/g/min accurately detected obstructive CAD on a regional basis (AUC 0.90, p<0.001). In patients without regional perfusion defects, global stress MBF<1.82ml/g/min accurately discriminated between obstructive 3VD and MVD (AUC 0.94 p<0.001). Conclusions— This novel automated pixel-wise perfusion mapping technique can be used to detect physiologically significant CAD defined by FFR, MVD defined by IMR, and can be used to differentiate MVD from multi-vessel coronary disease. A CMR-based diagnostic algorithm using perfusion mapping for detection of epicardial disease and MVD warrants further clinical validation.
A Framework for Inverse Scattering

Scattering materials are ubiquitous: from our skin and food, to every day objects such as wax and soap, to industrial materials such as coatings and soft tissues. Common to all these materials is the complex way in which they interact with light. Their appearance is the result of photons that penetrate the material surface, and perform random walks inside the material before emerging towards a camera. Inverse scattering is, then, the problem of inverting this light transport process, in order to infer scattering parameters from images of a material. We approach inverse scattering as an appearance matching problem: given a set of measurements (images) of a material, we search for the scattering parameters which, when used to computationally render new images, minimize the difference with the captured ones. In full generality, this is a very challenging optimization problem, due to the high-dimensional search space and the non-linear dependence of images on scattering parameters. We present several contributions for making this optimization problem tractable. First, we present the results of a large-scale study of human perception of scattering material (translucent) appearance. Our study identifies a two-dimensional embedding of the physical scattering parameters in a perceptually-meaningful appearance space. Through our analysis of this space, we find uniform parameterizations of its two axes by analytical expressions of moments of the phase function, and provide an intuitive characterization of the visual effects that can be achieved at different parts of it. Our findings highlight the important role
Simple Harmonics Compensation Method for Smart Charger with Constant DC-Capacitor Voltage-Control for Electric Vehicles in Single-Phase Three-Wire Distribution Feeders

This paper discusses harmonic current compensation of the constant dc-capacitor voltage-control (CDCVC)-based strategy for smart charger for electric vehicles (EVs) in single-phase three-wire distribution feeders (SPTWDFs) under distorted load current conditions. The basic principle of the CDCVC-based harmonics compensation strategy under distorted load current conditions is discussed in detail. The instantaneous power flowing into the three-leg pulse-width modulated (PWM) rectifier, which acts as a smart charger, shows that the CDCVC-based strategy achieves balanced and sinusoidal source currents with a unity power factor (PF). The CDCVC-based harmonics compensation strategy does not require any calculation blocks of fundamental reactive, unbalanced active, and harmonic currents. Thus, the authors propose a simplified algorithm to compensate for reactive, unbalanced active, and harmonic currents. Simulation and experimental results demonstrate that balanced and sinusoidal source currents with a unity PF in SPTWDFs are obtained on the secondary side of the pole-mounted distribution transformer during both the battery-charging and battery-discharging operations in EVs, compensating the reactive, unbalanced active, and harmonic currents.
Engraftment of Embryonic Stem Cells and Differentiated Progeny Following Host Conditioning with Total Lymphoid Irradiation and Regulatory T Cells

Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) hold promise for the treatment of many medical conditions, however, their utility is limited by immune rejection. The objective of our study is to establish tolerance or promote engraftment of transplanted ESCs as well as mature cell populations derived from ESCs. Luciferase ( luc + ) expressing ESCs were utilized to monitor the survival of the ESCs and differentiated progeny in living recipients. Allogeneic recipients conditioned with fractioned total lymphoid irradiation (TLI) and anti-thymocyte serum (ATS) or TLI plus regulatory T cells (T reg ) promoted engraftment of ESC allografts after transplantation. Following these treatments, the engraftment of transplanted terminally differentiated endothelial cells derived from ESCs was also significantly enhanced. Our findings provide clinically translatable strategies of inducing tolerance to adoptively transferred ESCs for cell replacement therapy of medical disorders. of
Immunotherapy of cereberovascular amloidosis in a transgenic mouse model

Cerebrovascular amyloidosis is caused by amyloid accumulation in walls of blood vessel walls leading to hemorrhagic stroke and cognitive impairment. Transforming growth factor- β 1 (TGF-β 1) expression levels correlate with the degree of cerebrovascular amyloid deposition in Alzheimer s disease (AD) and TGF- β 1 immunoreactivity in such cases is increased along the cerebral blood vessels. Here we show that a nasally administered proteosome-based adjuvant activates macrophages and decreases vascular amyloid in TGF- β 1 mice. Animals were nasally treated with a proteosome-based adjuvant on a weekly basis for three months beginning at age 13 months. Using MRI we found that while control animals showed a significant cerebrovascular pathology, proteosome-based adjuvant prevents further brain damage and prevents pathological changes in the blood-brain barrier. Using an object recognition test and Y-maze, we found significant improvement in cognition in the treated group. Our findings support the potential use of a macrophage immuno-modulator as a novel approach to reduce cerebrovascular amyloid, prevent microhemorrhage and improve cognition. littermates. These results are consistent with increased amyloid deposition in cerebral blood vessels. Indeed, Protollin treatment that reduced vascular amyloid also prevented pathological enlargement of the lateral ventricles.
Ability of veratridine and high potassium to produce μ -opioid receptor internalization by evoking the release of opioid peptides in the rat spinal cord

Veratridine and high K + evoked opioid release in rat spinal cord slices, measured by μ -opioid receptor (MOR) internalization. Veratridine elicited up to 75% MOR internalization with an atypical concentration-response: its effect appeared abruptly from 5 μ M to 10 μ M, and declined thereafter to disappear at 100 μ M. Veratridine at 100 μ M also abolished MOR internalization induced by an exogenous MOR agonist, endomorphin-2, showing that its inhibitory phase was caused by direct inhibition of MOR internalization. In contrast, veratridine elicited neurokinin 1 receptor internalization (used to measure substance P release) following a monophasic dose-response curve. KCl evoked up to 80% MOR internalization following a monophasic, steep dose-response curve with an EC 50 of 19 mM. K + -evoked MOR internalization disappeared in the presence of lidocaine or in the absence of peptidase inhibitors, indicating that it involved neuronal firing and peptide release. Veratridine and high K + produced substantially more MOR internalization when applied for 2 min than for 20 min, because of a direct inhibition of MOR internalization with the longer incubation times. These results show that short incubations with 20 μ M veratridine or 30 mM KCl are optimal stimuli to evoke MOR internalization in the spinal cord.
BRIEF PICOSECOND ABSORPTION STUDIES ON THE PHOTODISSOCIATION OF a- AND A-NITROSYL HEMOGLOBIN MONOMERS

ABSTRACr Transient absorption studies of the pump-probe type were performed on the NO forms of the a- and ,B-monomers of hemoglobin using a Nd3+ phosphate-glass laser. A second harmonic 531-nm, 8-ps fwhm pulse pumped the Q-band while a delayed continuum generated pulse was used to monitor wlr* Soret absorption changes in the 410-453-nm region. Photodissociation of nitrosyl a- and ,8-monomers was found to differ markedly from the tetramer in what we believe to be the formation of a five-coordinate HbNO (with proximal imidazole detached) photoproduct within the first 50 ps after photon absorption.
NIH Toolbox Cognitive Function Battery (NIHTB-CFB): Measuring Working Memory

This chapter focuses on the Toolbox List Sorting Working Memory Test, which was developed to assess processing speed within the NIH Toolbox Cognitive Function Battery (NIHTB-CFB). This test was adapted from the Spanish and English Neuropsychological Assessment Scales (SENAS) List Sorting task, which is an auditory working memory sequencing test that had been validated and normed in samples of older adults (Crane, Narasimhalu, Gibbonset al., 2008; Mungas, Reed, Tomaszewski, Farias, & DeCarli, 2005). We describe the development of the Toolbox List Sorting Working Memory Test, highlighting its utility in children. In addition, we examine descriptive data, test-retest reliability, and convergent and discriminant validity. Results indicated that List Sorting performance was positively correlated with age; performance on the task improved throughout childhood and early adolescence. Further, test-retest reliability was very good and there was support for both convergent and discriminant validity. These data suggest that the NIH Toolbox List Sorting Working Memory Test is reliable and shows evidence of construct validity. In this chapter we discuss the development of the Toolbox List Sorting Working Memory Test, a new measure of working memory. minutes. In this chapter, we discuss the development of the Toolbox List Sorting Working Memory Test, a new measure of working memory. We place a special emphasis on the relevance of this task
Potential Molecular Targets in the Setting of Chemoradiation for Esophageal Malignancies

Although the development of effective combined chemoradiation regimens for esophageal cancers has resulted in statistically signiﬁcant survival beneﬁts, the majority of patients treated with curative intent develop locoregional and/or distant relapse. Further improvements in disease control and survival will require the development of individualized therapy based on the knowledge of host and tumor genomics and potentially harnessing the host immune system. Although there are a number of gene targets that are ampliﬁed and proteins that are overexpressed in esophageal cancers, attempts to target several of these have not proven successful in unselected patients. Herein, we review our current state of knowledge regarding the molecular pathways implicated in esophageal carcinoma, and the available agents for targeting these pathways that may rationally be combined with standard chemoradiation, with the hope that this commentary will guide future efforts of novel combinations of therapy.
The interaction of neurotrophins with the p75 NTR common neurotrophin receptor: A comprehensive molecular modeling study

Neurotrophins are a family of proteins with pleiotropic effects mediated by two distinct receptor types, namely the Trk family, and the common neurotrophin receptor p75 NTR . Binding of four mammalian neurotrophins, nerve growth factor ~ NGF ! , brain-derived neurotrophic factor ~ BDNF ! , neurotrophin-3 ~ NT-3 ! , and neurotrophin-4 0 5 ~ NT-4 0 5 ! , to p75 NTR is studied by molecular modeling based on X-ray structures of the neurotrophins and the extracellular domain of p55 TNFR , a homologue of p75 NTR . The model of neurotrophin 0 receptor interactions suggests that the receptor binding domains of neurotrophins ~ loops I and IV ! are geometrically and electrostatically complementary to a putative binding site of p75 NTR , formed by the second and part of the third cysteine-rich domains. Geometric match of neurotrophin 0 receptor binding domains in the complexes, as characterized by shape complementarity statistic S c , is comparable to known protein 0 protein complexes. All charged residues within the loops I and IV of the neurotrophins, previously determined as being critical for p75 NTR binding, directly participate in receptor binding in the framework of the model. Principal residues of the binding site of p75 NTR include Asp47, Lys56, Asp75, Asp76, Asp88, and Glu89. The additional involvement of Arg80 and Glu53 is specific for NGF and BDNF, respectively, and Glu73 participates in binding with NT-3 and NT-4 0 5. Neurotrophins are likely to induce similar, but not identical, conformational changes within the p75 NTR binding site.
C*-algebras by example

The basics of C*-algebras Normal operators and abelian C*-algebras Approximately finite dimensional (AF) C*-algebras $K$-theory for AF C*-algebras C*-algebras of isometries Irrational rotation algebras Group C*-algebras Discrete crossed products Brown-Douglas-Fillmore theory References Index.
Bridging Optical and Far-infrared Emission-line Diagrams of Galaxies from Local to the Epoch of Reionization: Characteristic High [O iii] 88 μm/SFR at z > 6

We present photoionization modeling of galaxy populations at z ∼ 0, 2, and >6 to bridge optical and far-infrared (FIR) emission-line diagrams. We collect galaxies with measurements of optical and/or FIR ([O iii] 88 μm and [C ii] 158 μm) emission-line fluxes and plot them on the [O iii ]λ5007/Hβ–[N ii ]λ6585/Hα (BPT) and L([O iii]88)/SFR–L([C ii ]158)/SFR diagrams, where SFR is the star formation rate and L([O iii ]88) and L([C ii ]158) are the FIR line luminosities. We aim to explain the galaxy distributions on the two diagrams with photoionization models that employ three nebular parameters: the ionization parameter U, hydrogen density n H, and gaseous metallicity Z gas. Our models successfully reproduce the nebular parameters of local galaxies, and then predict the distributions of the z ∼ 0, 2, and >6 galaxies in the diagrams. The predicted distributions illustrate the redshift evolution on all the diagrams; e.g., [O iii ]/Hβ and [O iii ]88/[C ii]158 ratios continuously decrease from z > 6 to 0. Specifically, the z > 6 galaxies exhibit ∼0.5 dex higher U than low-redshift galaxies at a given Z gas and show predicted flat distributions on the BPT diagram at log[OIII]/Hβ= 0.5–0.8. We find that some of the z > 6 galaxies exhibit high L([O iii]88)/SFR ratios. To explain these high ratios, our photoionization models require a low stellar-to-gaseous-metallicity ratio or bursty/increasing star formation history at z > 6. JWST will test the predictions and scenarios for the z > 6 galaxies proposed by our photoionization modeling.
Analysis of Behavioral Characteristics of Smartphone Addiction Using Data Mining

In 2016, the number of mobile phone subscriptions worldwide had surpassed the total world population; moreover, the number of smartphone addicts is increasing each year. Thus, the objective of this study is to analyze smartphone addiction by considering the differences between smartphone usage patterns as well as cognition. Our proposed method involves automatically collecting and analyzing data through an app instead of using the existing self-reporting method, thereby improving the accuracy of data and ensuring data reliability from respondents. Based on the results of our study, we observed that there is a significant cognitive bias between the self-reports and automatically collected data. As a result of applying data mining, among the six criteria out of the total 24 items of the questionnaire, the higher the “recurrence” item, the higher the addiction; further, “forbidden” item 1 had the largest effect on addiction. In addition, the input variables that have the greatest influence on the high-risk users were the number of times the screen was turned on and real-use time/cognitive-use time. However, the amount of data and time of smartphone usage were not related to addiction. In the future, we will modify the app to obtain more accurate data, based on which, we can analyze the effects of smartphone addiction, such as depression, anxiety, stress, self-esteem, and emotional regulation, among others.
Limit Distributions for Sums of Independent Random Vectors: Heavy Tails in Theory and Practice

Preface. Acknowledgments. INTRODUCTION. Random Vectors. Linear Operators. Infinitely Divisible Distributions and Triangular Arrays. MULTIVARIATE REGULAR VARIATION. Regular Variations for Linear Operators. Regular Variation for Real-Valued Functions. Regular Variation for Borel Measures. MULTIVARIATE LIMIT THEOREMS. The Limit Distributions. Central Limit Theorems. Related Limit Theorems. APPLICATIONS. Applications to Statistics. Self-Similar Stochastic Processes. References. Index.
BJRD15121 1..6

Objective: To investigate the level of psychological burden experienced by patients undergoing positron emission tomography (PET)/MRI scanning compared with PET/CT. Methods: 100 adult patients referred for PET/CT and underwent PET/MRI scanning were eligible. Initial state, psychological burden of PET/CT and PET/MRI, scan satisfaction and preference were assessed using a purposedesigned questionnaire, comprising 61 five-point Likert scale questions and a three-point tick box question indicating preference between PET/CT and PET/MRI. State anxiety was assessed using the state portion of the State Trait Anxiety Inventory. Wilcoxon signed-rank tests compared psychological burden experienced by participants following PET/CT and PET/MRI scan. Results: A greater level of psychological burden was experienced by patients during PET/MRI than PET/CT p#0.001, consistent with patients’ preference for PET/CT over PET/MRI (p50.013). There was a significant relationship between PET/CT psychological burden and initial state (r50.386, p#0.001). No significant relationship was identified between Initial state and psychological burden of PET MRI (r520.089; p5217). There was a significant relationship between psychological burden of PET/CT and PET/MRI (r50.354; p50.001). Conclusion: Patients’ experience increased psychological burden during PET/MRI compared with PET/CT. Previous scanning experiences and patients’ interactions prior to and during PET/MRI improved patient satisfaction. Interventions could be implemented to improve imaging outcome. Advances in knowledge: This study provides evidence for the increased psychological burden of PET/MRI compared with PET/CT, and that people prefer the PET/CT procedure. We have shown that the patients who expressed a preference for PET/MRI demonstrated significantly lower psychological burden for that procedure than those that preferred PET/CT, which indicates that the benefit of reduced psychological burden could be facilitated by an appropriate intervention.
On a class of Lie algebras

In the previous paper [T], we have given an estimate for the dimensionality of the derivation algebra of a Lie algebra L satisfying the condition that (ad x) = 0 for x e L implies ad x = 0. Such a Lie algebra will be referred to as an (A2)-algebra in this paper according to the definition given in Jδichi pΓ|, which investigates the (A^)-algebras, k I> 2, with intention to obtain the analogues to the (A)-algebras. He showed that the (A2)-algebras have a different situation from the other classes of (A^)-algebras, k 2>3. But the problem of characterizing the (A2)-algebras remains unsolved. The purpose of this paper is to make a detailed study of this class of Lie algebras. It is known [3] that every semisimple Lie algebra over the field of complex numbers contains no non-zero element x with (ad x) = 0. We shall show that every Lie algebra over a field Φ of characteristic Φ 2 whose Killing form is non-degenerate has the same property. By making use of this result we shall show that, when the basic field Φ is of characteristic 0, L is an (A2> algebra if and only if every element x of the nil radical iVsuch that (ad#) = 0 belongs to the center Z(L), and if and only if L is either reductive, or L^N^Z(N)=Z(L)^Nφ(0) and (ad #)SM) for any xeN\Z(L). This characterization will be used in classifying certain types of solvable (A2)-algebras. A solvable (A2)-algebra is not generally abelian. We shall show that if Φ is an algebraically closed field of characteristic 0, then every solvable (A2> algebra over a field Φ is abelian. The latter half of the paper will be devoted to the study of solvable (A2)-algebras, in particular, to the study of solvable (A2)-algebras L such that dim N/Z(L) is 2 or 3 and of solvable (A2)-algebras of low dimensionalities.