Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Patient Characteristics, Treatment and Outcome in Non-Ischemic vs. Ischemic Cardiogenic Shock

Aim: Evidence on non-ischemic cardiogenic shock (CS) is scarce. The aim of this study was to investigate differences in patient characteristics, use of treatments and outcomes in patients with non-ischemic vs. ischemic CS. Methods: Patients with CS admitted between October 2009 and October 2017 were identified and stratified as non-ischemic/ischemic CS based on the absence/presence of acute myocardial infarction. Logistic/Cox regression models were fitted to investigate the association between non-ischemic CS and patient characteristics, use of treatments and 30-day in-hospital mortality. Results: A total of 978 patients were enrolled in this study; median age was 70 (interquartile range 58, 79) years and 70% were male. Of these, 505 patients (52%) had non-ischemic CS. Patients with non-ischemic CS were more likely to be younger and female; were less likely to be active smokers, to have diabetes or decreased renal function, but more likely to have a history of myocardial infarction; and they were more likely to present with unfavorable hemodynamics and with mechanical ventilation. Regarding treatments, patients with non-ischemic CS were more likely to be treated with catecholamines, but less likely to be treated with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation or percutaneous left-ventricular assist devices. After adjustment for multiple relevant confounders, non-ischemic CS was associated with a significant increase in the risk of 30-day in-hospital mortality (hazard ratio 1.14, 95% confidence interval 1.04–1.24, p < 0.01). Conclusion: In this large study, non-ischemic CS accounted for more than 50% of all CS cases. Non-ischemic CS was not only associated with relevant differences in patient characteristics and use of treatments, but also with a worse prognosis. These findings highlight the need for effective treatment strategies for patients with non-ischemic CS.
How three generations narrate their vicarious family stories: intrafamilial similarities, gender and cross-generational differences

ABSTRACT This study investigated the memory characteristics of vicarious family stories. Seventy-two families including three generations of women and men from different samples of families were recruited. Results can be described in three main sections: (a) intrafamilial similarities; (b) gender differences; and (c) cross-generational differences. For intrafamilial similarities, members of the same family showed similarities in terms of the volume and number of other-related words. For gender differences, women focused more on social interactions, used more other-related words and subjective perspective terms, and made more identity connections between others and parents than men. When describing parents’ reasons for telling family stories, women were also less likely to report development and teaching reasons and more likely to report emotional reasons compared to men. For cross-generational differences, the oldest generation’s stories were less coherent than the youngest and middle generations’, and less voluminous than the middle generation’s. Additionally, the youngest generation reported entertainment reasons more often than the oldest generation. Emotional reasons were more common for the middle generation than for the youngest and oldest generations. These findings contribute to the growing area of research on family narratives by examining the elements of narrative identity in family stories across three generations.
Hostile attribution bias in schizophrenia-spectrum disorders: narrative review of the literature and persisting questions

Abstract Background Social cognition is often aberrant or impaired in psychotic disorders and related to functional outcomes. In particular, one core social cognitive bias – hostile attribution bias – is proposed to be implicated in paranoia, anxiety, mood disturbances and interpersonal conflict outcomes. However, questions remain about this domain’s specificity to psychosis and its relationship to general functional outcomes. Aims The present paper offers a descriptive and critical review of the literature on hostile attribution bias in psychotic disorders, in order to examine (1) its impact on persecutory symptoms in schizophrenia-spectrum disorders, (2) impact on other related psychopathology among those experiencing psychosis and (3) relationship to functioning. Methods Twenty-eight studies included in this review after parallel literature searches of PsycINFO and PubMed. Results Evidence from these studies highlighted that hostile attribution bias is elevated in schizophrenia, and that it is related to anxiety, depression and interpersonal conflict outcomes. Conclusion While results suggest that hostile attributions are elevated in schizophrenia and associated with symptoms and functioning, there exist numerous persisting questions in the study of this area, including identifying which measures are most effective and determining how it presents: as a state or trait-like characteristic, via dual processes, and its situational variation.
Effectiveness of Platelet-Rich Plasma Injection in Rotator Cuff Tendinopathy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

Background: To investigate the effectiveness of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) injection among patients with rotator cuff tendinopathy in comparison with sham injection, no injection, or physiotherapy alone. Methods: From the earliest records to November 1, 2018, all published or unpublished randomized controlled trial (RCTs) comparing PRP injection with a control group (sham injection, no injection, or physiotherapy alone) in patients with rotator cuff tendinopathy were included. Eligible trials were included from the search results of electronic databases including PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, The Cochrane Library, as well as the bibliographies of relevant trials. Five RCTs were enrolled in our meta-analysis. Two authors independently assessed the quality of RCTs with the Cochrane risk of bias tool. We designated pain reduction as the primary outcome and functional improvement as the secondary outcome. Standardized mean difference (SMD) was applied for random-effect meta-analysis. Results: In the short term (3–6 weeks) and medium term (12 weeks), the effectiveness of PRP injection and control group was indistinguishable in terms of both outcomes (pain reduction and functional improvement). Nevertheless, PRP injection led to significant long-term (>24 weeks) pain relief (SMD: 0.42, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.12–0.72, without heterogeneity). For functional improvement in the long term, PRP injection was not more effective than the control group (SMD: 1.20, 95% CI: −0.20–2.59, with heterogeneity). Conclusions: PRP injection may provide benefit over the control group (sham injection, no injection, or physiotherapy alone) in reducing pain at long-term follow-up for patients with rotator cuff tendinopathy.
Emergency cesarean section performed in a patient with confirmed severe acute respiratory syndrome Coronavirus-2 -a case report-

Background Since the first case of severe acute respiratory syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) occurred in Wuhan in December 2019, the virus has spread globally. The World Health Organization declared the virus outbreak a pandemic on March 11, 2020. On January 19, 2020, a 35-year-old woman who returned from China was confirmed as the first SARS-CoV-2 infected case in Korea. Since then, it has spread all over Korea. Case We report the first case of a SARS-CoV-2 positive woman delivering a baby through cesarean section at 37+6 weeks of pregnancy in the Republic of Korea. Conclusions This case suggested that negative pressure operating room, skillful medical team, and enhanced personal protective equipment including N95 masks, surgical cap, double gown, double gloves, shoe covers, and powered air-purifying respirator are required at the hospital for safe delivery in such a case.
Reduced-dose whole-brain radiotherapy with tumor bed boost after upfront high-dose methotrexate for primary central nervous system lymphoma

Purpose This retrospective study compares higher-dose whole-brain radiotherapy (hdWBRT) with reduced-dose WBRT (rdWBRT) in terms of clinical efficacy and toxicity profile in patients treated for primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL). Materials and Methods Radiotherapy followed by high-dose methotrexate (HD-MTX)-based chemotherapy was administered to immunocompetent patients with histologically confirmed PCNSL between 2000 and 2016. Response to chemotherapy was taken into account when prescribing the radiation dose to the whole brain and primary tumor bed. The whole brain dose was ≤23.4 Gy for rdWBRT (n = 20) and >23.4 Gy for hdWBRT (n = 68). Patients manifesting cognitive disturbance, memory impairment and dysarthria were considered to have neurotoxicity. A median follow-up was 3.62 years. Results The 3-year overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) were 70.0% and 48.9% with rdWBRT, and 63.2% and 43.2% with hdWBRT. The 3-year OS and PFS among patients with partial response (n = 45) after chemotherapy were 77.8% and 53.3% with rdWBRT, and 58.3% and 45.8% with hdWBRT (p > 0.05). Among patients with complete response achieved during follow-up, the 3-year freedom from neurotoxicity (FFNT) rate was 94.1% with rdWBRT and 62.4% with hdWBRT. Among patients aged ≥60 years, the 3-year FFNT rate was 87.5% with rdWBRT and 39.1% with hdWBRT (p = 0.49). Neurotoxicity was not observed after rdWBRT in patients aged below 60 years. Conclusion rdWBRT with tumor bed boost combined with upfront HD-MTX is less neurotoxic and results in effective survival as higher-dose radiotherapy even in partial response after chemotherapy.
Assessing the European impact of alcohol misuse and illicit drug dependence research: clinical practice guidelines and evidence-base policy

Background Despite alcohol and illicit drug dependence being one of the most common diagnoses in Europe, there is heterogeneity of research evidence used in policy and practice. Objective We sought to (1) evaluate European research outputs on alcohol misuse and drug addiction in 2002–2018 in the Web of Science, (2) compare these with their burden of disease and (3) determine their impact in several ways. Methods A bibliometric research was undertaken including an assessment of the citation counts, the influence of research on members of national health advisory committees, and their contribution to the evidence base of clinical practice guidelines (CPGs). Findings There were 3201 analysed references cited in 28 CPGs across 11 European Countries on alcohol misuse and illicit drug abuse. Research conducted in the USA dominated both sets of CPGs, while many European countries were overcited relative to their research presence. The illicit drug research appeared to be adequate relative to the evidence of harm in Europe. However, alcohol misuse research appeared grossly inadequate to the harm it causes by a factor of 20. Conclusions The volume of research on illicit drug addiction is commensurate to the European burden, whereas alcohol misuse is far below what is needed to curb a significant source of harm. Clinical implications The research asymmetries call for attention to the causes of the problem. Development of research-based solutions to a serious social harm is needed, including minimum pricing and collaborative work to harmonise efforts on disease management and treatment practices across European countries.
A DyP-Type Peroxidase of Pleurotus sapidus with Alkene Cleaving Activity

Alkene cleavage is a possibility to generate aldehydes with olfactory properties for the fragrance and flavor industry. A dye-decolorizing peroxidase (DyP) of the basidiomycete Pleurotus sapidus (PsaPOX) cleaved the aryl alkene trans-anethole. The PsaPOX was semi-purified from the mycelium via FPLC, and the corresponding gene was identified. The amino acid sequence as well as the predicted tertiary structure showed typical characteristics of DyPs as well as a non-canonical Mn2+-oxidation site on its surface. The gene was expressed in Komagataella pfaffii GS115 yielding activities up to 142 U/L using 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) as substrate. PsaPOX exhibited optima at pH 3.5 and 40 °C and showed highest peroxidase activity in the presence of 100 µM H2O2 and 25 mM Mn2+. PsaPOX lacked the typical activity of DyPs towards anthraquinone dyes, but oxidized Mn2+ to Mn3+. In addition, bleaching of β-carotene and annatto was observed. Biotransformation experiments verified the alkene cleavage activity towards the aryl alkenes (E)-methyl isoeugenol, α-methylstyrene, and trans-anethole, which was increased almost twofold in the presence of Mn2+. The resultant aldehydes are olfactants used in the fragrance and flavor industry. PsaPOX is the first described DyP with alkene cleavage activity towards aryl alkenes and showed potential as biocatalyst for flavor production.
Effect of time restricted feeding on the gut microbiome in adults with obesity: A pilot study

Background: Time restricted feeding is a form of intermittent fasting where participants shorten the daily window in which they eat. Aim: This is the first study to examine the effects of intermittent fasting on changes in the gut microbiome. Methods: Adults with obesity (n = 14) participated in a daily 8-hour time restricted feeding intervention (8-hour feeding window/16-hour fasting window) for 12 weeks. Fecal microbiota were determined by 16 S rRNA (ribosomal ribonucleic acid) gene sequencing of stool samples. Results: Body weight decreased (P < 0.05) by -2 ± 1 kg. Gut microbiota phylogenetic diversity remained unchanged. The two most common phyla were Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes accounting for 61.2% and 26.9% of total abundance at baseline. No significant alterations in the abundance of Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, or any other phyla were detected after 12 weeks of time restricted feeding. Conclusions: Time restricted feeding did not significantly alter the diversity or overall composition of the gut microbiome.
Skin closure at cesarean section, polypropylene versus polyglactin 910: a randomized controlled study

Abstract Aim To compare the rates of surgical wound infection in women who have undergone cesarean delivery with subcuticular skin closure with polyglactin 910 or polypropylene. Methods Between April 2018 and October 2018, patients who had undergone a cesarean delivery for any reason were randomized with polyglactin 910 or polypropylene for subcuticular skin closure. Participants were evaluated for wound complications on day 7 and 30 postoperatively. The primary outcome was surgical site infection within the first 30 days following delivery. In addition, factors affecting surgical site infections were analyzed by binary regression. Results A total of 220 women who had undergone cesarean delivery were randomized and 213 were included in the final analysis. The groups were similar in terms of demographic characteristics and perioperative features. No statistically significant difference was observed between the groups in terms of wound complications or superficial site infections (8.3% in the polypropylene group versus 10.6% in the polyglactin 910 group, p = .642). Similarly, no difference was observed between the groups in terms of other wound complications. A binary logistic regression analysis indicated that superficial wound site infection was not affected by gravidity, BMI, duration of operation, repeated or unplanned cesarean delivery. Conclusion It was observed that surgical site infections and other wound complications in skin closures with polyglactin 910 were similar to those with polypropylene.
The Role of Protein Intake and its Timing on Body Composition and Muscle Function in Healthy Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.

BACKGROUND Increased protein intake has been suggested to improve gains in muscle mass and strength in adults. Furthermore, the timing of protein intake has been discussed as a margin of opportunity for improved prevention measures. OBJECTIVE This systematic review investigated the effect of protein supplementation on body composition and muscle function (strength and synthesis) in healthy adults, with an emphasis on the timing of protein intake. METHODS Randomized controlled trials were identified using PubMed, Web of Science, CINAHL, and Embase, up to March 2019. For meta-analyses, data on lean body mass (LBM), handgrip strength, and leg press strength were pooled by age group (mean age 18-55 or >55 y) and timing of protein intake. The quality of evidence was assessed using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations approach. RESULTS Data from 65 studies with 2907 participants (1514 men and 1380 women, 13 unknown sex) were included in the review. Twenty-six, 8, and 24 studies were used for meta-analysis on LBM, handgrip strength, and leg press strength, respectively. The protein supplementation was effective in improving (mean difference; 95% CI) LBM in adults (0.62 kg; 0.36, 0.88) and older adults (0.46 kg; 0.23, 0.70), but not handgrip strength (older adults: 0.26 kg; -0.51, 1.04) and leg press strength (adults: 5.80 kg; -0.33, 11.93; older adults: 1.97 kg; -2.78, 6.72). Sensitivity analyses removing studies without exercise training had no impact on the outcomes. Data regarding muscle synthesis were scarce and inconclusive. Subgroup analyses showed no beneficial effect of a specific timing of protein intake on LBM, handgrip strength, and leg press strength. CONCLUSION Overall, the results support the positive impact of protein supplementation on LBM of adults and older adults, independently of intake timing. Effects on muscle strength and synthesis are less clear and need further investigation. This systematic review was registered on PROSPERO as CRD42019126742.
Correlation with Pathologic Findings

A 37-year-old man with mitral stenosis and recurrent drug-resistant paroxysmal atrial fibrillation, paroxysmal suprnventricular tachycardia, and preexcitation, underwent two surgical attempts to ablate an anomalous pathway (AP). Electrophysiologic study demonstrated a left posterior AP with a short antegrade refractory period. Epicardial mapping at the time of mitral valve replacement (left lateral thoracotomy) suggested a posterior right AP. Mitral valve replacement and incision of the left
ANIMAL BITES EPIDEMIOLOGY IN SHAHROUD CITY

Introduction: Rabies is an infectious central nervous system disease that infects all mammals and man. This study aimed at investigating the epidemiology of animal bites in Shahroud. Methods: In this descriptive study, all the data related to animal bite cases in shahroud in 2008-2009 were collected based on the data registration notebooks. Results: A total of 588 cases of animal bite were reported in 2008-2009, the majority of whom (82.1%) were male. Of this total, 35.7% were urban and 64.3% were rural. Just 2 of the cases were foreigners. The incidence rate of animal bite in the city was 159 (27%), compared to 429 cases (73%) in villages. Dogs and cats accounted for about 79.1% and 12.6% of the cases respectively. 12 cases were also wolf, fox and Reynard bites. All cases have completed vaccination. In 82.3% of animal bites, the biter was alive after 10 days and in 2% biters were dead and in 15.6%, the biter reported invisible after 10 days. The incidence rate of animal bites in Shahroud was 246 in one hundred thousand. Conclusions: Animal bites are one of the most important problems of public health. Educational activities along with the promotion of outorganizing cooperation can play a significant role in controlling this problem.
Deproteinization as a Rapid Method of Saliva Purification for the Determination of Carbamazepine and Carbamazepine-10,11 Epoxide

Saliva is a valuable diagnostic material that, in some cases, may replace blood. However, because of its different composition, its use requires the development of new, or the modification of existing, extraction procedures. Therefore, the aim of the study was to develop a method of saliva purification that would enable the determination of carbamazepine and its metabolite, carbamazepine-10,11 epoxide. When comparing two methods of sample purification (Solid Phase Extration (SPE) and deproteinization), it was found that the second method yielded more favorable results. A 1% formic acid solution in acetonitrile was used for extraction. The samples were shaken and centrifuged, and the supernatant obtained was evaporated and dissolved in a mobile phase, then chromatographically analyzed. The developed method was validated by determining its linearity in the range of 10–5000 ng/mL for both analytes. Intra- and inter-day precision did not exceed 14%. In order to check the usefulness of the method, both analytes were determined in the saliva samples from 20 patients treated with carbamazepine. The content of both analytes was detected and determined in all of the tested samples of saliva. It was found that the method developed is rapid, sensitive, reliable, and can be used to monitor the concentration of carbamazepine and metabolite in patients’ saliva.
Gating and selectivity mechanisms for the lysosomal K+ channel TMEM175

Transmembrane protein 175 (TMEM175) is a K+-selective ion channel expressed in lysosomal membranes, where it establishes a membrane potential essential for lysosomal function and its dysregulation is associated with the development of Parkinson’s Disease. TMEM175 is evolutionarily distinct from all known channels, predicting novel ion-selectivity and gating mechanisms. Here we present cryo-EM structures of human TMEM175 in open and closed conformations, enabled by resolutions up to 2.6 Å. Human TMEM175 adopts a homodimeric architecture with a central ion-conduction pore lined by the side chains of the pore-lining helices. Conserved isoleucine residues in the center of the pore serve as the gate in the closed conformation. In the widened channel in the open conformation, these same residues establish a constriction essential for K+ selectivity. These studies reveal the mechanisms of permeation, selectivity and gating and lay the groundwork for understanding the role of TMEM175 in lysosomal function.
Anti-Epileptogenic Effects of Antiepileptic Drugs

Generally, the prevalence of epilepsy does not exceed 0.9% of the population and approximately 70% of epilepsy patients may be adequately controlled with antiepileptic drugs (AEDs). Moreover, status epilepticus (SE) or even a single seizure may produce neurodegeneration within the brain and SE has been recognized as one of acute brain insults leading to acquired epilepsy via the process of epileptogenesis. Two questions thus arise: (1) Are AEDs able to inhibit SE-induced neurodegeneration? and (2) if so, can a probable neuroprotective potential of particular AEDs stop epileptogenesis? An affirmative answer to the second question would practically point to the preventive potential of a given neuroprotective AED following acute brain insults. The available experimental data indicate that diazepam (at low and high doses), gabapentin, pregabalin, topiramate and valproate exhibited potent or moderate neuroprotective effects in diverse models of SE in rats. However, only diazepam (at high doses), gabapentin and pregabalin exerted some protective activity against acquired epilepsy (spontaneous seizures). As regards valproate, its effects on spontaneous seizures were equivocal. With isobolography, some supra-additive combinations of AEDs have been delineated against experimental seizures. One of such combinations, levetiracetam + topiramate proved highly synergistic in two models of seizures and this particular combination significantly inhibited epileptogenesis in rats following status SE. Importantly, no neuroprotection was evident. It may be strikingly concluded that there is no correlation between neuroprotection and antiepileptogenesis. Probably, preclinically verified combinations of AEDs may be considered for an anti-epileptogenic therapy.