Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Invariance of the Area and Volume of Cycloid Surfaces and Trochoid Surfaces

Abstract A cycloid along a curve in a plane is a trajectory of a marked point on the boundary of a circular disk of radius 1 as the disk rolls along the curve without slipping. In this article, we consider cycloids along a space curve that is not necessarily planar. Provided the marked point is initially located at a fixed point on the base curve, there are infinitely many such cycloids. It turns out that the union of all cycloids forms a surface. We call it a cycloid surface. A trochoid surface is defined similarly. We show that the area and the volume of the trochoid surface are independent of the shape of the base curve.
Reply to Alves et al. ( 2022 ) discussion on “Stratigraphic record of continental breakup, offshore NW Australia” by Reeve et al. ( 2022 )

We welcome the Comment of Alves et al. (2022) as an opportunity to further discuss the stratigraphic record of continental breakup, offshore NW Australia. We here summarise Reeve et al. (2022), before discussing themes raised by Alves et al. (2022), specifically classification of our analysed stratigraphic succession as a ‘Breakup Sequence’ (as originally defined by Soares et al., 2012) and how we can interpret the processes driving unconformity development during continental breakup, particularly offshore NW Australia.
miR-31 from Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles Alleviates Intervertebral Disc Degeneration by Inhibiting NFAT5 and Upregulating the Wnt/β-Catenin Pathway

In this study, we explored the regulatory mechanism of intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) that involves miR-31 shuttled by bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles (BMSC-EVs) and its downstream signaling molecules. Nucleus pulposus cells (NPCs) were isolated and treated with TNF-α to simulate IDD in vitro. The TNF-α-exposed NPCs were then cocultured with hBMSCs or hBMSC-EVs in vitro to detect the effects of hBMSC-EVs on NPC viability, apoptosis, and ECM degradation. Binding between miR-31 and NFAT5 was determined. A mouse model of IDD was prepared by vertebral disc puncture and injected with EVs from hBMSCs with miR-31 knockdown to discern the function of miR-31 in vivo. The results demonstrated that hBMSC-EVs delivered miR-31 into NPCs. hBMSC-EVs enhanced NPC proliferation and suppressed cell apoptosis and ECM degradation, which was associated with the transfer of miR-31 into NPCs. In NPCs, miR-31 bound to the 3′UTR of NFAT5 and inhibited NFAT5 expression, leading to activation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway and thus promoting NPC proliferation and reducing cell apoptosis and ECM degradation. In addition, miR-31 in hBMSC-EVs alleviated the IDD in mouse models. Taken together, miR-31 in hBMSC-EVs can alleviate IDD by targeting NFAT5 and activating the Wnt/β-catenin pathway.
EXPLORATION OF MATHEMATICAL LITERACY SKILLS IN SOLVING HIGHER ORDER THINKING SKILL TASK

Kemampuan literasi matematika merupakan kemampuan siswa dalam merumuskan, menerapkan serta menafsirkan ilmu matematika untuk menyelesaikan permasalahan dalam kehidupan sehari-hari. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi dan mendeskripsikan kemampuan literasi matematika siswa dalam menyelesaikan soal matematika dengan tipe HOTS. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah deskripstif kualitatif. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan tes dan wawancara. Subjek penelitian adalah 31 siswa kelas VIII SMPN 1 Geger Kabupaten Madiun Jawa Timur. Subjek ditentukan berdasarkan hasil tes kemampuan literasi matematika dalam penyelesaian soal HOTS tentang Pythagoras. Subjek dipilih berdasarkan jawaban siswa yang paling benar dan lengkap. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa kemampuan literasi matematika siswa dalam penyelesaian soal tipe HOTS meliputi kemampuan siswa dalam berpikir dan bernalar matematis, komunikasi matematis, pemodelan, pengajuan dan pemecahan masalah, representasi, simbol, serta penggunaan alat dan teknologi. Mathematical literacy skills is the ability of students to formulate, apply and interpret mathematics to solve problems in everyday life. This study aims to explore and describe students' mathematical literacy skills in solving math problems with the HOTS type. The research method used is descriptive qualitative. Data collection techniques using tests and interviews. The research subjects were students of class VIII SMPN 1 Geger, Madiun Regency, East Java. Subjects were determined based on the results of the mathematical literacy ability test in solving the HOTS questions about Pythagoras. Subjects were selected based on the students' most correct and complete answers. The results of this study indicate that students' mathematical literacy abilities in solving HOTS type Pythagorean questions include students' abilities in thinking and reasoning mathematically, mathematical communication, modeling, proposing and solving problems, representation, symbols, use of tools and technology
Chaos Control Algorithm via Variable Universe Fuzzy Controller in Automatic Gauge System

In this paper, mill eccentric model is established. New idea is proposed that roll eccentricity disturbance on gauge may cause chaos under certain system parameters during rolling. A new variable universe fuzzy controller HACO-VUFC is proposed to control the chaotic system. The new controller is based on improved ant colony optimization algorithm to overcome the contradiction between fuzzy control rules and control accuracy. Simulation results show the effectiveness of the approach.
The interstellar medium distribution, gas kinematics, and system dynamics of the far-infrared luminous quasar SDSS J2310+1855 at z = 6.0

We present ALMA sub-kpc- to kpc-scale resolution observations of the [CII], CO(9-8), and OH$^{+}$\,($1_{1}$--$0_{1}$) lines along with their dust continuum emission toward the FIR luminous quasar SDSS J231038.88+185519.7 at $z = 6.0031$. The [CII] brightness follows a flat distribution with a Sersic index of 0.59. The CO(9-8) line and the dust continuum can be fit with an unresolved nuclear component and an extended Sersic component with a Sersic index of ~1. The dust temperature drops with distance from the center. The effective radius of the dust continuum is smaller than that of the line emission and the dust mass surface density, but is consistent with that of the star formation rate surface density. The OH$^{+}$\,($1_{1}$--$0_{1}$) line shows a P-Cygni profile with an absorption, which may indicate an outflow with a neutral gas mass of $(6.2\pm1.2)\times10^{8} M_{\odot}$ along the line of sight. We employed a 3D tilted ring model to fit the [CII] and CO(9-8) data cubes. The two lines are both rotation dominated and trace identical disk geometries and gas motions. We decompose the circular rotation curve measured from the kinematic model fit to the [CII] line into four matter components (black hole, stars, gas, and dark matter). The quasar-starburst system is dominated by baryonic matter inside the central few kiloparsecs. We constrain the black hole mass to be $2.97^{+0.51}_{-0.77}\times 10^{9}\,M_{\odot}$; this is the first time that the dynamical mass of a black hole has been measured at $z\sim6$. A massive stellar component (on the order of $10^{9}\,M_{\odot}$) may have already existed when the Universe was only ~0.93 Gyr old. The relations between the black hole mass and the baryonic mass of this quasar indicate that the central supermassive black hole may have formed before its host galaxy. [Abridged version. Please see the full abstract in the manuscript. ]
Light WIMPs in the Sun: Constraints from Helioseismology

We calculate solar models including dark matter (DM) weakly-interacting massive particles (WIMPs) of mass 5-50 GeV and test these models against helioseismic constraints on sound speed, convection zone depth, convection zone helium abundance, and small separations of low-degree pmodes. Our main conclusion is that both direct detection experiments and particle accelerators may be complemented by using the Sun as a probe for WIMP DM particles in the 5-50 GeV mass range. The DM most sensitive to this probe has suppressed annihilations and a large spin-dependent elastic scattering cross section. For the WIMP cross-section parameters explored here, the lightest WIMP masses < 10 GeV are ruled out by constraints on core sound speed and low-degree frequency spacings. For WIMP masses 30-50 GeV, the changes to the solar structure are conned to the inner 4% of the solar radius and so do not signicantly aect the solar p-modes. Future helioseismology observations, most notably involving g-modes, and future solar neutrino experiments may be able to constrain the allowable DM parameter space in a mass range that is of current interest for direct detection.
Fulde-Ferrell-Larkin-Ovchinnikov pairing as leading instability on the square lattice

We study attractively interacting spin-1/2 fermions on the square lattice subject to a spin population imbalance. Using unbiased diagrammatic Monte Carlo simulations we find an extended region in the parameter space where the Fermi liquid is unstable towards formation of Cooper pairs with nonzero center-of-mass momentum, known as the Fulde-Ferrell-Larkin-Ovchinnikov (FFLO) state. In contrast to earlier mean-field and quasi-classical studies we provide quantitative and well-controlled predictions on the existence and location of the relevant Fermi-liquid instabilities. The highest temperature where the FFLO instability can be observed is about half of the superfluid transition temperature in the unpolarized system.
Age-Dependent Decline in Common Femoral Artery Flow-Mediated Dilation and Wall Shear Stress in Healthy Subjects

Femoral artery (FA) endothelial function is a promising biomarker of lower extremity vascular health for peripheral artery disease (PAD) prevention and treatment; however, the impact of age on FA endothelial function has not been reported in healthy adults. Therefore, we evaluated the reproducibility and acceptability of flow-mediated dilation (FMD) in the FA and brachial artery (BA) (n = 20) and performed cross-sectional FA- and BA-FMD measurements in healthy non-smokers aged 22–76 years (n = 50). FMD protocols demonstrated similar good reproducibility. Leg occlusion was deemed more uncomfortable than arm occlusion; thigh occlusion was less tolerated than forearm and calf occlusion. FA-FMD with calf occlusion was lower than BA-FMD (6.0 ± 1.1% vs 6.4 ± 1.3%, p = 0.030). Multivariate linear regression analysis indicated that age (−0.4%/decade) was a significant independent predictor of FA-FMD (R2 = 0.35, p = 0.002). The age-dependent decline in FMD did not significantly differ between FA and BA (pinteraction agexlocation = 0.388). In older participants, 40% of baseline FA wall shear stress (WSS) values were <5 dyne/cm2, which is regarded as pro-atherogenic. In conclusion, endothelial function declines similarly with age in the FA and the BA in healthy adults. The age-dependent FA enlargement results in a critical decrease in WSS that may explain part of the age-dependent predisposition for PAD.
Helmholtz decomposition of the Lagrangian displacement

Lagrangian displacement field $\Psi$ is the central object in Lagrangian perturbation theory (LPT). LPT is very successful at high redshifts, but it performs poorly at low redshifts due to severe shell crossing. To understand and quantify the effects of shell crossing, we extract $\Psi$ from N-body simulation and decompose it into scalar and vector parts. We find that at late time the power spectrum of the scalar part agrees with 1-loop results from LPT at large scales, while the power in small scales is much suppressed due to shell crossing. At z=0, the power spectrum of $\Psi$ is 10% lower than the 1-loop results at k = 0.1 h/Mpc. Shell crossing also generates the vector contribution in $\Psi$, although its effect is subdominant in comparison with the power suppression in the scalar part. At z=0, the vector part contributes 10% to the total power spectrum of $\Psi$ at k = 1 h/Mpc, while only 1% is expected from the vector contribution in LPT. We also examine the standard LPT recipes and some of its variants. In one of the variants, we include a power suppression factor in the displacement potential to take into account the power suppression in small scales after shell crossing. However, these simple phenomenological approaches are found to yield limited improvement compared to the standard LPT after the onset of shell crossing.
Coexistence of a nearly spin-singlet state and antiferromagnetic long-range order in quantum spin systemCu2CdB2O6

A 1/2 magnetization plateau in magnetic fields above 23 T and antiferromagnetic (AF) long-range order (AFLRO) in low fields were found in Cu$_2$CdB$_2$O$_6$. Experimental results agree with quantum Monte Carlo results for an expected spin system. There are two kinds of Cu sites [Cu(1) and Cu(2)], which are located adjacent to each other. Unexpectedly, spins on the Cu(1) and Cu(2) sites are in a nearly spin-singlet state and form AFLRO, respectively, although interactions between the Cu(1) and Cu(2) spins cannot be ignored. Cu$_2$CdB$_2$O$_6$ is the first material which shows such coexistence in an atomic scale.
INTERPRETING SHORT GAMMA-RAY BURST PROGENITOR KICKS AND TIME DELAYS USING THE HOST GALAXY–DARK MATTER HALO CONNECTION

Nearly 20% of short gamma-ray bursts (sGRBs) have no observed host galaxies. Combining this finding with constraints on galaxies' dark matter halo potential wells gives strong limits on the natal kick velocity distribution for sGRB progenitors. For the best-fitting velocity distribution, one in five sGRB progenitors receives a natal kick above 150 km s−1, consistent with merging neutron star models but not with merging white dwarf binary models. This progenitor model constraint is robust to a wide variety of systematic uncertainties, including the sGRB progenitor time-delay model, the Swift redshift sensitivity, and the shape of the natal kick velocity distribution. We also use constraints on the galaxy–halo connection to determine the host halo and host galaxy demographics for sGRBs, which match extremely well with available data. Most sGRBs are expected to occur in halos near 1012 M ☉ and in galaxies near 5 × 1010 M ☉ (L *); unobserved faint and high-redshift host galaxies contribute a small minority of the observed hostless sGRB fraction. We find that sGRB redshift distributions and host galaxy stellar masses weakly constrain the progenitor time-delay model; the active versus passive fraction of sGRB host galaxies may offer a stronger constraint. Finally, we discuss how searches for gravitational wave optical counterparts in the local universe can reduce follow-up times using these findings.
Twin Deficits: Apparition or Reality for Albania

This study examines the validity of the Keynesian Twin Deficits hy­potheses (TDH) for Albania, using time series data of the span period from 2008 to 2021. The twin deficit hypothesis implies a long-run positive correla­tion running from the budget deficit to the current account deficit. For this, the Stationarity test, the Johansen co-integration test, the Granger causali­ty, and VEC model techniques are used to examine the long-run and short-run relationship between budget balance, current account deficit, and real growth rate. The empirical findings suggest that the Keynesian twin deficits hypothesis is not valid in the context of the Albanian economy, the budget deficit has a negative relationship to the current account deficit. The policy implication of the results is that prudent management of the fiscal budget of the government may not prove to be a suitable policy instrument for the evaluation of the current account balance improvement.
Impacts of monoculture cropland to alley cropping agroforestry conversion on soil N2O emissions

Monoculture croplands are a major source of global anthropogenic emissions of nitrous oxide (N2O), a potent greenhouse gas that contributes to ozone depletion. Agroforestry has the potential to reduce N2O emissions. Presently, there is no systematic comparison of soil N2O emissions between cropland agroforestry and monoculture systems in Central Europe. We investigated the effects of converting the monoculture cropland system into the alley cropping agroforestry system on soil N2O fluxes at three sites (each site has paired agroforestry and monoculture) in Germany, where agroforestry combined crop rows and poplar short‐rotation coppice (SRC). We measured soil N2O fluxes monthly over 2 years (March 2018–January 2020) using static vented chambers. Annual soil N2O emissions from agroforestry ranged from 0.21 to 2.73 kg N ha−1 year−1, whereas monoculture N2O emissions ranged from 0.34 to 3.00 kg N ha−1 year−1. During the rotation of corn crop, with high fertilization rates, agroforestry reduced soil N2O emissions by 9% to 56% compared to monocultures. This was mainly caused by low soil N2O emissions from the unfertilized agroforestry tree rows. Soil N2O fluxes were predominantly controlled by soil mineral N in both agroforestry and monoculture systems. Our findings suggest that optimized fertilizer input will further enhance the potential of agroforestry for mitigating N2O emissions.
Political Parties and Hate Crimes: Empirical Evidence from the United States

This paper evaluates the relationship between political parties and hate crimes in the US, based on the empirical models, considering a panel data with 47 states from 1997 to 2019. Results show that a Democratic president is correlated with fewer crimes of hate if compared with a Republican. Such a result might occur due to different public policies according to the political party in power. Results also show that Democratic governors have a positive correlation with hate crimes, but further exercises show that this is only true for Southern states. In non-Southern states, Democratic governors are negatively correlated with hate crimes.
Dielectric functions and critical points of PbTiO3, PbZrO3, and PbZr0.57Ti0.43O3 grown on SrTiO3 substrate

Single crystalline PbTiO3, PbZrO3, and PbZr0.57Ti0. 43O3 thin films on SrTiO3 (001) substrates were grown by a combination of molecular beam epitaxy and rf sputtering methods. The authors measured the dielectric functions of the thin films using spectroscopic ellipsometry and determined the interband critical point energies using standard critical point model. They compared the critical point energies to the band structure calculations in the literature. The data suggest that anticrossing behavior occurs between Ea and Eb near Zr=0.17. This phenomenon is attributed to a coupling between X1c and X3c bands caused by intrinsic alloy disorder.
Fast Atmospheric Response to a Cold Oceanic Mesoscale Patch in the North‐Western Tropical Atlantic

Low‐level clouds over the tropical and sub‐tropical oceans play a crucial role in the planetary radiative energy budget. However, they are challenging to model in climate simulations because they are affected by local processes that are still partially unknown. The control that mesoscale sea surface temperature (SST) structures have on the dynamics of the lower atmosphere on daily scales is emerging to be non‐negligible and calls for more effort to be understood. During the EUREC4A field campaign, two of the research vessels (R/Vs) involved in the experiment sampled the edge of a cold mesoscale SST patch in the north‐western tropical Atlantic, crossing a gradient of roughly 0.75°C/100 km. The comprehensive set of instruments carried by the R/Vs allows an unprecedented characterization of the atmospheric response to the cold water forcing. The cold ocean patch weakens the vertical atmospheric mixing, reducing the boundary layer depth of roughly 200 m and the horizontal wind intensity of approximately 3 m s−1. At the same time, the humidity content in the sub‐cloud layer increases and these conditions decrease the latent heat flux (by roughly 80 W m−2) and reduce vertical velocity fluctuations, making it less likely that moisture exceeds the lifting condensation level. As a consequence, fewer and thinner low‐level clouds form over cold water. Independent satellite measurements are found to agree with the in situ observations. The observed link between sea temperature and low‐level clouds highlights its importance in the puzzle of modeling the sea‐air‐cloud interactions.
Application of POET model to investigate agricultural water conflict in Iran

Water conflicts might be a serious threat for the life quality of stakeholders and also an obstacle on the way of human and environmental development. Obviously, the environment could be affected by such conflicts. The purpose of this study was to investigate the agricultural water conflicts through a human ecological perspective using POET model and SWOT analysis. A descriptive mixed method including two surveys and semi-structured interviews was fulfilled as a research method. The study was conducted in Doroodzan dam irrigation network in Fars Province, Iran. The statistical population of this study included two groups of farmers and regional water experts; besides, the research tools included two questionnaires and semi-structured interviews. SWOT findings revealed that the best strategies reducing and controlling agricultural water conflict, and also maintaining and enhancing the environmental sustainability, are adaptation of participatory water management approaches, formation and strengthening of water user associations, and conformity of irrigation technologies with farmers' circumstances.
Concise and tight security analysis of the Bennett–Brassard 1984 protocol with finite key lengths

We present a tight security analysis of the Bennett–Brassard 1984 protocol taking into account the finite-size effect of key distillation and achieving unconditional security. We begin by presenting a concise analysis utilizing the normal approximation of the hypergeometric function. Next we show that a similar tight bound can also be obtained by a rigorous argument without relying on any approximation. In particular, for the convenience of experimentalists who wish to evaluate the security of their quantum key distribution systems, we also give the explicit procedures of our key distillation and show how to calculate the secret key rate and the security parameter from a given set of experimental parameters. In addition to the exact values of key rates and security parameters, we also describe how to obtain their rough estimates using the normal approximation.