Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Reflection on Out of School Education Activities from the Textbooks to the Social Studies Curriculum

The Social Studies course covers many opportunities for students to actively learn by doing and learn by living outside of the school and classroom environments. In this context, the present study aims to identify how the Social Studies Curriculum in Turke y (Ministry of National Education [MoNE], 2018) supports learning in environments outside of the school; the study also aims to determine the extent to which such learning opportunities are actualized in the activities found in the Social Studies textbooks published during 2019. The current study adopts a qualitative document analysis method. The textbooks to be examined for this study are the Social Studies 4th Grade to 7th Grade textbooks which are printed in 2019 and prepared by different authors and pub lishing houses. Such textbooks are also listed on Education Information Network (EBA), an official website affiliated with the Ministry of National Education, and the current Social Studies Curriculum (MoNE, 2018). It was determined as a result of the stud y that most of the activities related to out of school teaching and learning in the Social Studies Curriculum (MoNE, 2018) occur at 4th Grade and 5th Grade; also the number of such activities gradually decrease across higher year or grade levels. The great est amount of activities related to out of school education in the Social Studies textbooks are found in the 5th Grade. Homework activities, and other activities such as trip observations, project assignments, oral history, local history, research assignme nts supported by family participation, and out of school activities including interviews were found in these textbooks. Homework is used the most among the out of school learning focused activities. Results from the study concludes that many out of school activities covered in the Social Science textbooks are carried out as classroom activities because of the uncertainty about how learning can be achieved in out of school learning environments. In contrast, numerous gains are specified by out of school educ ation, therefore such gains have been transformed into out of school activities in the textbooks for the Social Studies curriculum.
Lessons from mixed-method evaluations—An example from labor market research

This article deals with the following questions: which approaches are suitable for program evaluations in the context of labor market research and why are mixed-method designs often most promising? The strengths and weaknesses of different approaches suggest that summative and formative as well as quantitative and qualitative elements should be combined with each other. We use the case of active labor market policies—an evaluation of qualification measures for the unemployed—as an example to illustrate mixed-method evaluations in research practice. The results of the evaluation show that the scientific gain of the formative part often depends heavily on the careful selection of the ‘right’ persons for expert interviews. The findings can even lead to further research projects that deal with some of the questions raised in the formative part in more detail. The summative part of the evaluation—a quantitative impact analysis—is based on extensive quantitative data sets. It is a methodological innovation to combine survey and administrative micro-data in this particular context. We use propensity score matching to analyze program effects on the participants that are positive and substantial.
Haemoglobin genetic types and its association with qualitative traits in West African Dwarf sheep

This study was carried out to investigate the haemoglobin genetic types and their association with qualitative traits in West African Dwarf (WAD) sheep. The Modified Stratified Sampling Technique (MSST) was used to select the sampling sites within the selected state and animal samples within the sampling sites. A total of 280 adult sheep comprising 140 rams and 140 ewes aged 4 years were used for the study. Data were collected on Mendelian traits such as the horn status, wattle status and hair length on sex basis. Blood samples were collected from the animals for haemoglobin genetic types’ determination. The results showed that in ewes, the f(HbAA), f(HbAB) and f(HbBB) were 0.36, 0.28 and 0.36, respectively and the f(HbA) and f(HbB) was 0.50 in both alleles. In rams, the f(HbAA), f(HbAB) and f(HbBB) were 0.68, 0.14 and 0.18, respectively and the f(HbA) and f(HbB) were 0.75 and 0.25, respectively. In the pooled data, f(HbAA), f(HbAB) and f(HbBB) were 0.68, 0.14 and 0.18, respectively and the f(HbA) and f(HbB) were 0.625 and 0.375, respectively. The estimated heterozygosity was 0.47 and the estimated local inbreeding coefficient was 0.054. The hair length indicated sexual dimorphism with 12.79 to 12.98 cm in rams and 4.79 to 4.98 cm in ewes but was not dependent on the heamoglobin genetic types. The result shows that the status of wattles is not influenced by sex. The WAD sheep used had three haemoglobin genotypes under the control of two alleles at the haemoglobin locus. Key words: Ewe, haemoglobin genetic type, inbreeding coefficient, Mendelian traits, ram.
Development and evaluation of a visualization system to support meaningful e-book learning

ABSTRACT This study presents an ontology-based visualization support system for e-book learners which promotes both meaningful receptive learning and meaningful discovery learning. To examine the system effectiveness, two learning modes are used: (a) reception comparison mode, where at the outset learners are shown complete versions of expert-generated topic maps; and (b) “cache-cache comparison mode,” where at the first stage of learning all information concerning relations is concealed, and at the second stage learners are encouraged to actively create those relations before comparing the learner-generated and expert-generated relations. The 50 control group participants studied in reception comparison mode while the 146 experimental groupparticipants studied in cache-cache comparison mode. Differences in learning perception and achievement between the two groups are examined, as is the effect of learner expertise level on learning mode effectiveness. Although the control group reported significantly more pressure and less satisfaction than the experimental group, no significant learning achievement differences were found between the two groups. However, in cache-cache comparison mode, the performance of learners with low prior knowledge increased more than that of learners with high prior knowledge; on the other hand, for learners with high prior knowledge, no significant effect of learning mode on learning achievement was found.
Potentialities of Bacillus strains for promoting growth in maize (Zea mays L.)

The Bacillus genus has representatives promoting plant growth. The objective of this research was to isolate and select bacteria from Bacillus genus, associated to the maize cultivation with potential in promoting growth in this crop of great importance in human and animal feeding. Isolations of bacteria belonging to this genus were carried out, endophytes as rhizosphere, of maize (Zea mays L.) hybrid cultivar P-7928. The isolates were physiologically characterized, in terms of indolic compounds production, the phosphate solubilization capacity and qualitative determination of biological nitrogen fixation. Also, the ability to form biofilms was evaluated using the method crystal violet stain on polystyrene plates. Later, the isolates with better results were entirely selected through a cluster analysis. A total of 19 isolates, 9 rhizosphere and 10 endophytes were obtained. All produce indole-acetic acid in a concentration range between 2.92 and 17.02 μgmL-1 and fix atmospheric nitrogen; nine solubilize inorganic phosphate in a range between 12.16 and 33.07 μgmL-1. Furthermore, the ability to form biofilms of 78.94% of the isolates was showed, which gives advantages in the colonization of plants. The formation of in vitro biofilm of a good strain producing and a nonproducing was compared. Both were adhered to the polystyrene plate with different pattern, which was more consistent in the EAM4 strain, with high biofilm production. The obtained results allowed selecting the native isolates ERM1, RM5, EAM5 and RM1 as the most promising to promote plant growth and their future use in the sustainable agriculture. Key words: Bacillus, plant growth promoting bacteria, phosphates solubilization
A Conceptual Model for Green Human Resource Management: Indicators, Differential Pathways, and Multiple Pro-Environmental Outcomes

There is a growing awareness of green human resource management (GHRM) in the environmental sustainability research in hospitality and tourism literature. The extant literature also delineates review studies about GHRM. Despite the existence of these studies, there is still a paucity of research about a parsimonious model that includes the underlying mechanisms linking GHRM to multiple pro-environmental behaviors. In view of such a gap, using the ability-motivation-opportunity framework, social exchange theory, social information processing and reformulation of attitude theories, and the happy-productive thesis as the theoretical underpinnings, our study proposes a conceptual model of GHRM. Specifically, our study links GHRM to organizationally valued pro-environmental behaviors such as task-related pro-environmental behaviors, proactive pro-environmental behaviors, green recovery performance, and green voice behavior through the mediating roles of work engagement and job satisfaction. In addition, our search of the relevant literature highlights eight indicators of GHRM such as green selective staffing, green training, green empowerment, green rewards, green career opportunities, green teamwork, green work-life balance, and green participation in decision making. Theoretical contributions and avenues for future research are discussed in the paper.
Chemical composition, antioxidant, and antiproliferative activities of nine Chinese proso millet varieties

ABSTRACT Interest in proso millet as a functional food is growing. However, studies on the chemical composition, antioxidant, and antiproliferative activities’ differences of proso millet cultivars in China are limited. Nine Chinese proso millet varieties (five waxy varieties – S, D, N2, N4, N8 and four non-waxy varieties – J1, J3, J7, J9) were investigated. Results showed that the non-waxy varieties were significantly higher than waxy varieties in the content of amylase and resistant starch (22.95%, 0.23%, 2.02%, and 0.78%, respectively; P < .05). Lys was the first limit amino acid (AAS: 16.08%). Linolenic acid (61.74%) and oleic acid (22.16%) were the dominant fatty acids. Overall, the antioxidant content and antioxidant activities of J1 and J3 were higher than other cultivars. And, J7, J3, and J1 possessed better antiproliferative effects than other proso millet varieties. These results are anticipated to provide useful information on the development of proso millet-based functional food.
Study on ETFEE in the BTH Region Based on the Window-SBM-Undesirable Model

Research on ecological total-factor energy efficiency (ETFEE) is conducive to energy conservation, emission reduction, and ecological protection. This paper focuses on the measurement and decomposition of the ETFEE in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei (BTH) region in China. In order to measure the ETFEE values, the window technology is combined with a nonradial and nonoriented SBM-undesirable model considering undesirable outputs to overcome the defect of insufficient data of research objects and ensure the calculation process to be implemented. The findings show that Beijing and Tianjin are DEA-efficient, while Hebei is not. The technological progress rates of Beijing and Tianjin reach up to 11.92% and 14.96%, while that of Hebei retrogresses by 4.47%. The scale efficiencies of Beijing, Tianjin, and Hebei are 97.75%, 86.60%, and 93.81%, respectively, which means that there are potentials for further optimization in the energy structures. The impulse response results between the energy structure and the ETFEE show that the proportions of coal and petroleum have negative effects on the ETFEE, while that of natural gas has a positive effect. The research results can provide reference for decision makers to formulate regional development plans.
Finite-size effects of diffusion coefficients computed from molecular dynamics: a review of what we have learned so far

ABSTRACT The number of molecules used in a typical Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulations is orders of magnitude lower than in the thermodynamic limit. It is therefore essential to correct diffusivities computed from Molecular Dynamics simulations for finite-size effects. We present a comprehensive review on finite-size effects of diffusion coefficients by considering self-, Maxwell–Stefan, and Fick diffusion coefficients in pure liquids, as well as binary, ternary, and quaternary mixtures. All finite-size corrections, both analytical and empirical, are discussed in detail. The finite-size effects of rotational and confined diffusion are also briefly discussed.
Solitary and Social Object Play in the Bottlenose Dolphin (Tursiops truncatus)

ii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS . iv DEDICATION . v LIST OF TABLES . viii CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION . 1 Functions of Play . 1 Types of Play . 4 Play States . 6 Play in the Bottlenose Dolphin . 8 CHAPTER II – METHODS . 12 Subjects and Facility . 12 Data Collection . 13 Analysis. 13 CHAPTER III RESULTS . 16 CHAPTER IV – DISCUSSION. 20 Individual Differences . 25 Limitations . 26 Future Directions . 27 CHAPTER V – CONCLUSION . 28 vii APPENDIX A Ethogram . 29 APPENDIX B – Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee Notice of Committee Action . 30 REFERENCES . 31
PRODUCTION AND QUALITY OF MINI WATERMELON UNDER DRIP IRRIGATION WITH BRACKISH WATER

ABSTRACT Watermelon plays an important role in Brazilian agribusiness. The objective of present study was to evaluate the effect of different irrigation managements and water salinity levels, on the main productive and postharvest characteristics of mini-watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) cv. ‘Sugar Baby’. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse in a completely randomized design, arranged in a 2 x 4 factorial scheme, with four replicates. The treatments consisted of two types of irrigation management (conventional and pulse) and four saline levels of nutrient solution of fertigation (2.5; 4.5; 5.5; 6.5 dS m-1). The control treatment corresponded to the electrical conductivity of the nutrient solution prepared with local supply water. The irrigation depth was calculated by the product of reference evapotranspiration and crop coefficient. The number of pulses were defined and fractionated according to the atmospheric demand. The salinity of the fertigation solution affects some variables of the production, but does not reduce the quality of the mini-fruit cv. ‘Sugar Baby’. The management of pulse irrigation shows better results in low salinity, while conventional drip management is more suitable for high salinity (6.5 dS m-1).
Water quality index (WQI) and bacteriological assessment of some selected hand-dug wells in the Adenta municipality, Ghana

Water quality was assessed from 11 hand dug wells in the Adentan Municipality using Water Quality Index (WQI) and bacteriological load as indicators. The sampling was conducted during the months of July to September, 2019. A total of 33 samples were taken from 11 hand dug wells at monthly intervals. Weighted Average Water Quality Index (WAWQI) was used to compute parameters which include temperature, pH, conductivity, total dissolved solids, turbidity, total solids, biological oxygen demand, salinity and total alkalinity. Indicator fecal coliforms were also enumerated. All samples showed presence of E. coli and Salmonella in the dug wells with AD2 having the highest E. coli count of 1.32x103cfu/100 ml. AD11 had the least count of both E. coli and Salmonella (1.28x102 cfu/100 ml and 1.68x101 cfu/100 ml) respectively. The highest WQI value was recorded for AD7 and the lowest was recorded for AD9. 36.4% of the wells were graded as “A” whilst the remaining 63.6% were graded “B”. The combined results of WQI and bacteriological assessment shown that the water quality determined only by WQI (physico-chemical) parameters cannot reflect the true water quality status. Key words: Water quality index, bacteriology, weighted average water quality index, indicator.
Production viability of passion fruit at high planting density in Jequitinhonha valley, Minas Gerais, Brazil

Passion fruit has faced many problems in productivity, supply, prices and quality of the fruit as a result of the inadequate management of the orchards and the low application of existing technology. Increased planting density may promote an increase in productivity and thus provide better income to the producer. In this sense, this experiment was performed to study the increase of planting density on productivity and on the quality of yellow passion fruit in Jequitinhonha Valley, Minas Gerais, Brazil. The evaluated spacings between plants were 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0 and 6.0 m. The spacing between the rows was three meters, which corresponded to 1,667, 1,111, 833, 667 and 556 plants ha, respectively. Production per plant, productivity, juice yield per hectare, transverse and longitudinal diameter, peel thickness, soluble solids, titratable acidity, and the soluble solids /titratable acidity ratio of fruits were evaluated. Increasing the planting density to 1,667 plants per hectare promoted greater productivity. The densification did not affect the quality of the fruits.
MBD genes and Hedgehog signalling in cancer

It is accepted that cancer progression is a multi-step process including multiple genetic and epigenetic events. In this study, two sets of candidate genes in colon and lung cancer tumourigenesis were studied. The first set comprised members of a family of genes whose proteins are important in the recognition of the methylation/epigenetic status of other genes. The second set were members of a pathway that normally regulate tissue development but whose abnormal, epigenetic loss of activity could lead to tissue dysregulation and tumourigenesis. MBD3 and MBD2 are two members of the MBD family of proteins with a methylCpG-binding domain (MBD) involved in transcriptional silencing of methylated genes. Both genes are located in chromosomal regions that suffer loss of heterozygosity in colon and lung cancers. By SSCP analysis and methylation sensitive restriction followed by PCR, 2 mutations were found in 28 cell lines and in no cases was there evidence of gene silencing by hypermethylation of putative promoter regions. RT-PCR and northern hybridisation showed expression ofMBD3 in all cancer cell lines examined. The results indicate that neither MBD2 nor MBD3 are major targets of genetic and epigenetic alteration in colon and lung cancers. The Hedgehog (Hh) pathway is a highly conserved signaling cascade involved in many developmental processes. Mutations in elements of the pathway are associated with congenital diseases and a number of neoplasms. In this study, two genes of this pathway, SMO and GLI3 were investigated for expression and epigenetic alterations in colon and lung cancers. In three cell lines expression of SMO was absent, the putative SMO promoter was fully methylated and GLI3 was not expressed. Two other cell lines had a methylated wild-type SMO allele and expressed mutant SMO, and also did not express GLI3. The results indicate that SMO is silenced by CpG island hypermethylation in colon and lung cancer cell lines, that GLI3 is also silenced in colon and lung cancer cell lines by an as yet unrevealed mechanism and that GLI3 is possibly regulated by SMO in a manner outside the normal sequence of steps currently thought to comprise the Hh pathway.
Characterization of the Baobab fruit shells as adsorbtion material

The Baobab (Adansonia digitata L.) is a large iconic tree indigenous to Africa where it is found in many countries. The Baobab tree has various uses, as it produces food and non-food products such as medicines, fuel, timber and fodder. This research is focused on the characterization of the Baobab fruit shells in terms of lignin (54.08%), cellulose (24.87%) and hemicellulose (21.05%) content, as well as proximate analysis such as ash content (5.17%), moisture content (6.48%), volatile matter (86.73%) and carbon content (1.22%). This assessment will play a vital role in exploring the benefits of utilizing baobab fruit shells in the production of activated carbon as well as set a foundation for future research.
Electron-Beam-Induced Current and Cathodoluminescence Study of Dislocations in SrTiO3

Electron-beam-induced current (EBIC) and cathodoluminescence (CL) have been applied to investigate the electrical and optical behaviors of dislocations in SrTiO3. The electrical recombination activity and defect energy levels of dislocations have been deduced from the temperature-dependent EBIC measurement. Dislocations contributed to resistive switching were clarified by bias-dependent EBIC. The distribution of oxygen vacancies around dislocations has been obtained by CL mapping. The correlation between switching, dislocation and oxygen vacancies was discussed.
Determination and Verification of PVB Interlayer Modulus Properties

Interlayer modulus properties are important for the calculation of the load resistance of laminated glass configurations. The determination of interlayer properties can be made on the interlayer material directly, or indirectly through measurements on laminated glass test specimens. One challenge relates to the four-decade range of modulus values that interlayer materials go through with variations of temperatures and duration that are relevant to building elements. Furthermore, in determination of properties directly on the interlayer, e.g. by dynamic mechanical analysis, methodological choices and data treatment play an important role, apart from experimental and material variation. To some extent, this also holds true for modulus determination on laminated glass specimens, with the added challenge that the properties of a relatively soft material are derived from the response of a rigid assembly. In this contribution, three material models are provided for of all major PVB interlayer formulations (conventional, structural, acoustic trilayer), as determined by dynamic mechanical analysis and compared to modulus values obtained in four-point bending experiments. The validated material models can provide modulus data relevant for glass design for a wide range of load scenarios in a concise format.