Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Factors with Style

The authors document significant spreads in style factors—value, size, quality, momentum, and low volatility—in each of the style box categories. This is also true even for the value and small size factors, which are reflected in the original definition of the style box framework. Some single factors stay within a given style box, like quality in Blend, while other factors drift across style boxes, like momentum and even the size factor! They build multifactor portfolios within each style box, thus giving access to five style factors that can stay within a style box category, and the portfolios had information ratios of about 0.8 over June 2003 to December 2020. TOPICS: Factor-based models, portfolio construction, performance measurement, risk management Key Findings ▪ Although the traditional style box provides categories based on size and value, there is still substantial factor dispersion within each of the style boxes. This may not be so surprising for the quality, momentum, and low-volatility factors that are not directly captured in the style box framework, but it is also true for the size and value factors themselves. ▪ Active style box managers within the large-cap US equity space have demonstrated dispersion in the value and size factors in line with their benchmarks, but the median active manager tends not to exhibit significant quality, momentum, and low-volatility factor exposures. The range for these three factors is also relatively narrow, compared with size and value. ▪ Optimal combinations of the five factors—momentum, value, quality, size, and low volatility—can be constructed within each style box, allowing investors to harvest all five, and not just two, factor premiums while remaining in the same style box category. In historical data, these five-factor combinations resulted in information ratios of above 0.8, which fall in the top decile of above-benchmark performance relative to active managers in the respective peer group, while exhibiting lower relative active risk.
Adaptation and latitudinal gradients in species interactions: nest predation in birds

The “biotic interactions” hypothesis proposes that strong species interactions in the tropics drive faster divergence in the tropics. However, support for the idea that interactions are stronger in the tropics is mixed. Here we propose an explanation for why observed interaction strengths might often be similar across latitudes. We suggest populations might adapt to latitudinal differences in species interaction regimes, which can have the effect of flattening observed latitudinal gradients in interaction rates. To investigate this idea, we examine a canonical example of a strong tropical biotic interaction—nest predation rates in land birds. Surprisingly, we find that daily rates of nest predation vary minimally with latitude. We then consider the possibility that evolved life history differences across latitudes contribute to the flat gradient. We focus on the duration of the nesting period, which is longer in the tropics than in the temperate zone and thought to represent a component of adaptation to tropical nest predators. Greater nesting period duration is known to be associated with lower daily predation rates. When we statistically control for nesting period duration, we recover a pattern where daily rates of nest predation are highest in the tropics. The implication of this analysis is that the evolution of longer nesting periods in tropical species (and shorter nesting periods in the temperate zone) has helped to flatten a "baseline" latitudinal gradient in daily rates of nest predation. More generally, we propose that adaptation to latitudinal differences in biotic interactions can flatten latitudinal gradients in interaction strength.
The Chondrocranium Development of Stenodactylus slevini (Squamata: Gekkonidae) I.Stage I

This study descriptions of the development the chondrocranium in Stenodactylus slevini (Squamata: Gekkonidae), Chondrocranium cartilage is one of the important things for evolution of the vertebrate head. The stage of embryo development was determined by length 21.1 mm, based on the hatched embryo, and cleared and double- stained specimens. it has been used reconstructions by serial sections to formation and description in some regions: the olfactory region, orbital region, floor of the neurocranium and auditory region. the olfactory region in this stage is reduce developed and the fenestra olfactoria is to large, the cupola anterior and parietotectal cartilage and paranasal cartilage connected to each other, sphenethmoid commissure also reduced development, present a features Jacobson's organ, it's chemical sensory organ that transfers pheromones to transmit signals between one species. The planum supraseptale is not yet formed but medial and lateral portion of planum supraseptal present. In addition, the Taenia marginalis, taenia medialis, and pila metoptica that represent the roof of chondrocranium. The auditory capsule is small and reduced developed, they are no connected with each other because the tectum synoticum is absent.
Experiences of online volunteer translation and implications for translation education

This study explores the boundary between online volunteer translation and translation education to gain insights into how pedagogy might respond to: a) changes in practice in the field of translation resulting from the increasing availability and use of digital tools and content; and b) the learning opportunities afforded to those who want to become professional translators by the growth of online, open volunteer translation initiatives. It considers the possibility of expanding the concept of practice-based learning within an authentic, situated learning model, to encompass online volunteer translation as a way of developing translation competence and being socialised into the practice of translation. The study focuses on participants in TED Translators (TEDT) from across the world who plan to work as professional translators. Using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) of interview data and a qualitative online survey, it explores their experiences and perceptions of how their engagement with TEDT fits into their learning and career journeys. The findings identify the characteristics of the activity that make it attractive to aspiring translators as well as the difficulties they encounter; the professional and learning benefits that participants derive from engaging in TEDT; and the different paths and trajectories that link volunteering, education and profession. It concludes that online volunteer translation can offer a motivating, meaningful and situated learning opportunity through which learners can develop their translation competence and their identity as translators; and that informal learning using open tools, resources and communities can support learners’ access to and engagement with formal education. However, educators and participants must consider the challenges of learning within an online community and develop the relevant digital and participatory skills, as well as a good awareness of local cultures and customs, to successfully engage with this opportunity.
Conservation and production impacts of soil and water conservation practices under different socio-economic and biophysical setting: a review

In Ethiopia, the increase in land degradation mainly in the form of soil erosion necessitates implementation of soil and water conservation (SWC) practices. So far impact evaluation studies are scattered and not comprehensive. In this paper detailed quantitative review of impact of SWC practices under different climate and socio-economic setting were done on runoff, soil loss, siltation, soil fertility and crop yield. Up to 1980s, expert and government considered reduction of soil loss and runoff as big achievement. This was not in line with the interest of subsistence farmers who need short term benefit. The reduction of soil loss, runoff and siltation of reservoirs are positively acknowledged by majority researchers and have several beneficial effects: increase soil moisture content, groundwater recharge, increased in situ sediment deposition, making the hill slope suitable for agriculture and reduce siltation. Regarding production objective, SWC practices have mixed impact (positive and negative) on crop yield and soil fertility. In this review it was found that 62.5% of the reviewed materials revealed that SWC measures have positive impact on soil fertility either in increasing or maintaining. In contrast, 25% showed SWC treated areas had lower soil fertility than untreated and 12.5% showed no significant change in soil fertility. In summary, the impact of SWC practices especially on soil fertility and crop yield varies depending on soil erosion degree before SWC implemented, design of SWC measures, crops, plows, socio-economic, soils types and climate mainly rainfall. The review in detail discussed why SWC practices have variation in impact on soil fertility and crop yield. Finally SWC practices are an action of no option for sustainable development and food security under current soil erosion and climate change.
Oviposition preference and development of Maruca vitrata (Fabricius) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) on different radiofrequency fields

Maruca vitrata is considered as one of the major impediments in boosting up the production of tropical legumes. Since chemical pesticides have an adverse effect on human health and environment, there is an urgent need for developing a non‐chemical based method to replace chemical insecticides for controlling of pests. We investigated the oviposition, development and adult performances of M. vitrata at five radiofrequency levels of 0 (control without frequency), 5, 10, 20, and 30 kHz on artificial diet. In addition, the effects were also studied in three successive generations (Parent, F1‐ and F2‐ generations) of M. vitrata. The results showed that radiofrequency application had significant effects on the life‐variables of M. vitrata. Radiofrequency exposures on M. vitrata not only impacted on oviposition, developmental time, adult longevity, and adult weight but negative effects were also transmitted to the successive generations. Oviposition was found to reduce as generation passed after exposed to radiofrequencies. Total developmental times from egg to adult emergence were longer with shorter longevity in case of radiofrequency treatment than untreated. Decreasing the radiofrequency level further increased time for development of adults as generation passed. The shortest adult longevity occurred at 5 kHz treatment. The outcomes of this study are discussed in terms of targeting susceptibilities to radiofrequency as an alternative to chemical treatments.
Investigating psychological causes and consequences of playing in online gaming communities: The roles of offline and clan-based need satisfaction

Studies found that using digital media can satisfy the needs for competence, autonomy and relatedness, contributing to well-being and enjoyment. Further, need satisfaction in daily life has been identified as a background factor that may influence the intensity of media usage, as well as the psychological outcomes connected to it. Considering both perspectives, the current analysis investigates the causes and consequences of playing in online gaming communities. Specifically, we examine persistent groups of players (‘clans’) formed in the context of the online first-person shooter game Counter-Strike. Based on an online survey among 585 clan players, structural equation modelling shows that need satisfaction in clans relates to increases in clan engagement, increases in positive affect and decreases in negative affect. Further, players with deficits in day-to-day need satisfaction show increased engagement in their clan, but also experience more negative affect and less need satisfaction in their clans.
Accelerating Conformational Sampling in Free Energy Calculations

Molecular dynamics are increasingly used to construct conformational ensembles of biochemical systems. The accuracy of these ensembles is determined by the accuracy of the underlying model and the extent of conformational sampling during the simulation. Biochemical systems can have motion on time scales that vary by several orders of magnitude, and these must all be described before a specific model can be validated. For this reason research into enhanced sampling methods that accelerate conformational sampling are vital to the progress of molecular dynamics. This dissertation describes the validation and application of the replica exchange accelerated molecular dynamics (REXAMD) method in the context of free energy calculations. In chapters 2 and 3 the REXAMD method is validated using simple model systems. The convergence of REXAMD is shown to be an improvement over classical molecular dynamics. Additionally, various methods to improve the statistical behavior of REXAMD are investigated. In chapter 4 gradient-augmented Harmonic Fourier Beads, a minimum free energy pathway method, is used to study the conformational change of the ion selectivity peptide from the KcsA potassium channel. The robustness of various models, ranging from classical to quantum mechanical, is investigated and the importance of conformational sampling is observed. Finally in chapter 5, I propose a modification to the AMBER molecular dynamics package which allows the calculation of absolute binding free energies to be computed
Correlations between agronomic traits in papaya tree (Carica papaya L.) grown under subtropical climate of Brazil

The current study aimed at evaluating the correlations between agronomic traits in papaya trees grown under Brazilian subtropical climate. A randomized block design with three treatments (Sunrise Solo, Tainung no1 and Local variety) was used. The experiment was laid out in seven blocks and five plants per plot. The following traits were assessed: plant height; insertion height of the first fruits; stem diameter; male, female, and hermaphrodite plants percentage; fruit number per plant; production; yield; percentage of normal fruits; carpelloid and pentandric fruits percentage; internal cavity diameter; fruit matter; pulp and seed yield; seeds number; soluble solids; titratable acidity; ratio and technological index. Results indicated that seed performance can be used as indirect selection criteria for genetic improvement of Sunrise Solo seeds (correlation between SP and FNP, PRO, YIELD and PNF of 0.97, 0.96, 0.96, -0.89, respectively). Carpelloid fruits exhibited a positive correlation with production traits, but negative correlation with physicochemical traits in papaya fruits. Moreover, there is a modest correlation between physicochemical and productive traits of Tainung no1 and Local Variety fruits.
GLOBAL DEVELOPMENT, TRADE, HUMAN CAPITAL, AND BUSINESS CYCLES

This paper generalizes the multi-country growth model with capital accumulation, human capital accumulation, economic structure and international trade by Zhang (2014) by making all the time-independent parameters in Zhang’s model as time-dependent parameters. Each national economy consists of one tradable, one non-tradable and one education sector. National economies are different in propensities to save, to obtain education and to consume, and in learning abilities. The model integrates the Solow growth model, the Uzawa two-sector growth model, the Uzawa-Lucas two-sector growth model, and the Oniki–Uzawa trade model within a comprehensive framework. Human capital accumulation is through education in the Uzawa-Lucas model, Arrow’s learning by producing, and Zhang’s learning by consuming (creative learning). The behavior of the household is described with an alternative approach to household behavior. We simulated the model to demonstrate existence of equilibrium points, motion of the dynamic system, and oscillations due to different exogenous shocks.
Round goby and zebra mussel interactions with darters in a warm-water stream community in southern Michigan, USA

Abstract The non-indigenous round goby (Neogobius melanostomus) entered the Flint River, Michigan, USA around 1996 while zebra mussels (Dreissena polymorpha) invaded in late 1998. We wanted to identify if there were round goby or darter (Etheostoma/Percina spp.) diet or density alterations by comparing 1998 data with our 2002 data after mussel colonization. Chironomids dominated the round goby’s pre-zebra mussel diet in August 1998 (89% by number), followed by hydropsychids (10%). After zebra mussels arrived, diets diversified; chironomids declined to 52%, hydropsychids stayed the same, gastropods were more prominent (22%) and 4% were zebra mussels. Data from a site upriver (with no round gobies or zebra mussels) showed darters consumed mostly chironomids (49%), mayflies (11%) and hydropsychids (9%), suggesting reliance on chironomid prey and other interactions compromised the ability of darters to coexist with round gobies downstream, since only one of three species present during 1998 was collected in 2002. Benthic assemblages on rocks changed dramatically (R-values =0.95) from 1998 to 2002. Blackside darter (Percina maculata) density in the presence of round gobies increased eightfold compared with 1998. We hypothesized zebra mussels fostered the growth of macrophytes, resulting in odonates composing 42% by volume of blackside darter diets in 2002 compared with 10% in 1998. Diet overlaps between small and large round gobies and blackside darters were high (Schoener Index =0.55–0.59, R-values =0.11–0.24), suggesting potential negative competitive interactions. Zebra mussel-mediated ecosystem changes may have decreased interspecific competition for food with blackside darters, allowing coexistence with round gobies. Native darters with varied diets feeding in mid-water, are most likely to coexist with round gobies, especially where dreissenids potentially mediate competitive interactions.
Dynamic changes of coagulation and fibrinolytic biomarkers in peri operaive arthroplasty patients.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate coagulation and fibrinolytic parameters after total joint arthroplasty (TJA) and provide evidence for optimization of timing of perioperative anticoagulation medicine. METHODS The prospective study was conducted at the Jishuitan Hospital of Peking University from January to April in 2016, and comprised patients who were scheduled consecutively to undergo primary total knee arthroplasty (TKA) or total hip arthroplasty (THA). Blood samples were obtained at day 1 preoperatively and day1, day 3 postoperatively. Antigenic levels of protein C (PC), endothelial protein C receptor (EPCR), tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI), antithrombin III (AT-III), plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1) and tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) were measured with commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits. RESULTS Postoperative levels of coagulation parameters TFPI and AT-III were increased compared to preoperative values (118.7±34.6 vs 70.0±20.5 μg/ml for AT-III, and 26.37±7.91vs 16.68±8.92 μg/l for TFPI), while postoperative levels of coagulation parameters PC and EPCR were decreased (0.88±0.30 vs 2.03±0.66 μg/ml for PC, and 100.8±31.0 vs 199.4±57.4 μg/ml for EPCR). Postoperative levels of fibrinolytic parameter tPA was increased compared to preoperative values (2.87±0.83 vs 2.03±1.03 μg/l), while its specific inhibitor PAI-1 was decreased (0.88±0.30 vs 2.03±0.66 μg/l). CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrated the perturbation of the coagulation and fibrinolytic system of patients undergoing TJA. Hypercoagulation and hyperfibrinolysis were observed in postoperative patients, which suggested anticoagulant therapy is effective and necessary.
Outcomes of Hormone-Receptor Positive, HER2-Negative Breast Cancers by Race and Tumor Biological Features

Abstract Background Black women have higher hormone receptor positive (HR+) breast cancer mortality than White women. Early recurrence rates differ by race, but little is known about genomic predictors of early recurrence among HR+ women. Methods Using data from the Carolina Breast Cancer Study (phase III, 2008-2013), we estimated associations between race and recurrence among nonmetastatic HR+/HER2-negative tumors, overall and by PAM50 Risk of Recurrence score, PAM50 intrinsic subtype, and tumor grade using survival curves and Cox models standardized for age and stage. Relative frequency differences (RFD) were estimated using multivariable linear regression. To assess intervention opportunities, we evaluated treatment patterns by race among patients with high-risk disease. Results Black women had higher recurrence risk relative to White women (crude hazard ratio = 1.81, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.34 to 2.46), which remained elevated after standardizing for clinical covariates (hazard ratio = 1.42, 95% CI = 1.05 to 1.93). Racial disparities were most pronounced among those with high PAM50 Risk of Recurrence score (5-year standardized recurrence risk = 18.9%, 95% CI = 8.6% to 29.1% in Black women vs 12.5%, 95% CI = 2.0% to 23.0% in White women) and high grade (5-year standardized recurrence risk = 16.6%, 95% CI = 11.7% to 21.5% in Black women vs 12.0%, 95% CI = 7.3% to 16.7% in White women). However, Black women with high-grade tumors were statistically significantly less likely to initiate endocrine therapy (RFD = −8.3%, 95% CI = −15.9% to −0.6%) and experienced treatment delay more often than White women (RFD = +9.0%, 95% CI = 0.3% to 17.8%). Conclusions Differences in recurrence by race appear greatest among women with aggressive tumors and may be influenced by treatment differences. Efforts to identify causes of variation in cancer treatment are critical to reducing outcome disparities.
Trends in (not) using scales in major depression: A categorization and clinical orientation

Abstract Background Standard depression rating scales like the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale and the Montgomery–Åsberg Depression Rating Scale were developed more than 40 years ago. They are mandatory in clinical trials but are for a variety of reasons seldom used in clinical practice. Moreover, most clinicians are less familiar with more recent trends or with some dilemmas in assessment tools for major depression. Methods Narrative review. Results Asssessment tools can be observer-rating or self-rating scales, disease-specific or non–disease-specific scales, subjective scales or objective lab assessments, standard questionnaires or experience sampling methods. An overarching question is to what degree current assessment methods really address the individual patient’s needs and treatment expectations. Conclusions The present paper aims to offer a framework for understanding the current trends in assessment tools that can orientate and guide the clinician.