Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Flower Cluster and Shoot Thinning for Crop Control in French-American Hybrid Grapes

Overcropping of French-American hybrid winegrapes changes fruit composition and reduces vine vigor. Simulated mechanized methods of crop control involving entire shoot and cluster thinning were tested for Aurore, Chancellor, and Villard noir cultivars. The experimental design was a 3 x 2 factorial examining three thinning treatments (none, flower cluster, and shoot thinning) and two shoot-bearing positions (count and noncount). The "count" position was determined as shoots from canes and renewal spurs retained during balanced pruning, and "noncount" shoots were those from positions other than count nodes. Thinning treatments had little effect on cluster or berry weights, berries per cluster, or berry composition. Shoot thinning decreased cluster numbers for all three cultivars, but flower cluster thinning affected only red cultivars. The effects of thinning method and shoot position on fruit composition varied with cultivar. These preliminary data indicate that crop control of the cultivars studied can be accomplished by flower cluster thinning and shoot thinning; however, the response to thinning treatments varies with cultivar.
Plant tissue hybrid electrode for determination of phosphate and fluoride

A biosensor for inorganic phosphate and fluoride has been developed by coupling a potato (Solanum tuberosum) tissue slice and immobilized glucose oxidase with a Clark oxygen electrode. Measurement is based on the inhibition by either ion of potato acid phosphates catalyzed glucose 6-phosphate hydrolysis. The precision is 1.7% and 6.5% and the lower detection limit 2.5 X 10/sup -5/ M and 1 X 10/sup -4/ M for phosphate and fluoride, respectively. For phosphate determination the hybrid sensor is stable for 28 days or 300 assays. With a higher limit of detection the sensor can be applied in a commercial enzyme electrode based device. Its application for phosphate determination in fertilizer and urine samples is described.
Uptake of Uranium from Seawater by Amidoxime-Based Polymeric Adsorbent: Field Experiments, Modeling, and Updated Economic Assessment

Uranium recovery from seawater has been investigated for several decades for the purpose of securing nuclear fuel for energy production. In this study, field column experiments have been performed at the Marine Sciences Laboratory of the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) using a laboratory-proven, amidoxime-based polymeric adsorbent developed at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL). The adsorbent was packed either in in-line filters or in flow-through columns. The maximum amount of uranium uptake from seawater was 3.3 mg of U/g of adsorbent after 8 weeks of contact between the adsorbent and seawater. This uranium adsorption amount was about 3 times higher than the maximum amount achieved in this study by a leading adsorbent developed at the Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA). Both adsorbents were tested under similar conditions. The results were used to update an assessment of the cost of large-scale recovery of uranium from seawater using the ORNL adsorbent. The updated uranium production c.
Relationships between Grape and Wine Sensory Attributes and Compositional Measures of cv. Shiraz

Relationships among sensory attributes, compositional measures, and wine quality of Shiraz grapes and wines were evaluated for two seasons, 2009 to 2010 and 2010 to 2011. The sensory profiles of berries and wines were evaluated by descriptive analysis and wine quality was assessed by an expert panel. In this study, berry sensory attributes alone were better predictors of wine sensory and compositional variables than the combination of berry sensory and compositional variables. Partial least squares regression analysis and Pearson’s correlation revealed a negative relationship between seed bitterness and wine savory spice flavor in both seasons. In 2011, pulp detachment from the skin correlated with wine sensory attributes such as rim color, fresh dark berry flavor, savory spice flavor, and wine quality score. Correlations among wine sensory attributes, wine pigmented polymers, and wine total tannins were identified in both seasons. These findings are important for grapegrowers and winemakers as they identify berry sensory attributes that may assist as objective measures in predicting final wine style and quality.
Interaction of organo-tin derivatives with gramicidin ion-conducting channel

The objective of this study was to determine the interaction of organo tin (IV) compounds with a gramicidin ion-conducting channel incorporated into planar lipid bilayers. The relative change of trans membrane current was used as a parameter for estimating the above interaction. This measured parameter was in good relationship with physicochemical partition coefficients (logP) and topological total surface area (TSA) properties of the compounds under study. The presented model might be applied for estimation of toxicity of organo metallic derivatives.
A ROBUST ALKALINE-SIDE CSEX SOLVENT SUITABLE FOR REMOVING CESIUM FROM SAVANNAH RIVER HIGH LEVEL WASTE#

ABSTRACT A robust solvent suitable for extracting cesium from alkaline nitrate media like that of the high-level liquid waste stored at the U.S. Department of Energy Savannah River Site has been developed. The solvent is composed of the cesium extractant calix[4]arene-bis-(tert-octylbenzo-crown-6) (“BOBCalixC6”) at 0.01 M, the modifier l-(2,2,3,3-tetrafluoropropoxy)-3-(4-sec-butylphenoxy)-2-propanol (“Cs-7SBT”) at 0.50 M, trioctylamine (“TOA”) at 0.001 M, and the aliphatic diluent Isopar® L. The solvent holds up exceptionally well under various stresses, such as sustained contact with waste simulant and dilute nitric acid; repeated extraction, scrubbing, and stripping cycles; and excessive loading. The behavior of the solvent in batch-equilibrium flowsheet tests conducted at 15, 25, and 45 °C is presented. Flowsheet calculations show that the Savannah River Site requirements for a decontamination factor of 40,000 and a cesium concentration factor of 12 could be met in a 22-stage bank of 25-cm centrifugal contactors at 25 °C with conservative assumptions regarding hydrodynamics and stage efficiency. Exploiting the temperature dependence of extraction and stripping could reduce the number of stages to 18.
Specific water uptake of thin films from nanofibrillar cellulose

Swelling of NFC films was surveyed by quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring coupled with H2O/D2O exchange and surface plasmon resonance. The influence of charged groups on swelling was investigated by neutralizing the charge of NFC with cationic polyelectrolytes or increasing the charge with carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC). The solid content of the porous NFC film was <50%. In the swollen state, a film contained only ∼15–30% cellulose. Adsorption of cationic polyelectrolytes decreased the ability of the film to bind water by a maximum of 20% indicating that the contribution of charge to the swelling of NFC is moderate. Annealing of the film also caused a 20% reduction in its water uptake. Yet annealing after adsorption of cationic polyelectrolytes decreased the water-binding ability of the film by ∼50%. Charge increase by CMC adsorption caused additional swelling of the NFC film while subsequent charge neutralization by cationic polyelectrolytes reduced the water content below the control reference.
Alkyl Nitrate, Hydroxyalkyl Nitrate, and Hydroxycarbonyl Formation from the NOx−Air Photooxidations of C5−C8 n-Alkanes

Products of the gas-phase reactions of OH radicals with the n-alkanes n-pentane through n-octane at 298 ± 2 K and atmospheric pressure of air have been investigated using gas chromatography with flame ionization detection (GC-FID), combined gas chromatography−mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and in situ atmospheric pressure ionization tandem mass spectrometry. The formation yields of alkyl nitrates from n-hexane, n-heptane, and n-octane were measured by GC-FID, with the sum of the isomeric alkyl nitrates being 0.141 ± 0.020, 0.178 ± 0.024, and 0.226 ± 0.032, respectively. These alkyl nitrate yields are ∼35% lower than previous data reported from this laboratory in the early 1980s. Using negative ion atmospheric pressure chemical ionization with the addition of pentafluorobenzyl alcohol to study the n-pentane through n-octane reactions and those of the fully deuterated n-alkanes, hydroxyalkyl nitrate products were identified from the n-pentane, n-heptane, and n-octane reactions for the first time and the presenc.
Numerical Investigation of Different Injection Patterns in Rotating Detonation Engines

Previous numerical simulations of the hydrogen-air rotating detonation engine have been carried out using a simple fuel-injection pattern. This pattern assumes that the fresh gas mixture is injected through every point of the head-wall. This article improves the simulation by discussing four new injection patterns. Parts of the wall are treated as a solid wall in the new patterns. The simulation results show that slits or intervals on the head-walls cause interactions between the detonation waves and combustion products, which affect the formation and stability of detonation. Unstable detonation should be a normal state of rotating detonation engines between stable detonation and failed detonation. The features of the flow fields can be used as a reference for combustion chamber design.
Capacidade nodulatória e características agronômicas de feijoeiros comuns submetidos à adubação molíbdica parcelada e nitrogenada

The aim of this study was to evaluate the nodular ability and agronomic characteristics of three cultivars of common bean plants subjected to fragmented fertilization with molybdenum and nitrogen. The experimental design was of randomized blocks in a 3 x 7 factorial scheme, corresponding to the three cultivars (Carioca precoce, Rosinha and Ouro negro), and seven molybdic fertilization schemes, with three replications. The Ouro Negro cultivar showed a higher number of nodules and shoot dry-matter compared to Carioca precoce and Rosinha, and the Carioca and Ouro Negro cultivars achieved the highest number of grains per pod, hundred-grain weight and yield, than the Rosinha cultivar after fertilization with molybdenum and nitrogen. Nitrogen fertilization reduced the formation of nodules in the Carioca precoce and Rosinha cultivars, but increased most agronomic characteristics and yield in comparison to molybdic fertilization. However, the fragmented application of molybdenum between 15 and 30 days after emergence (DAE), positively influenced the formation of nodules, leaf-nitrogen levels, the number of grains per pod, hundred-grain weight and yield, compared to molybdenum application by seed, or the absence of fertilization, for the three cultivars studied, indicating that molybdic foliar fertilization is considered essential for increasing the productivity of bean cultivars.
Relationships of Chewing Sounds to'Judgments of Food Crispness

- ABSTRACT The relationships lretween biting and chewing sounds and judgments of food crispness vfere examined in two studies. In the fist, subjects used magnitude es1 imation to separately judge the loudness of chew- ing sounds and the crispness of a wide range of wet and dry crisp foods. Judgments of perceived crispness and loudness were highly correlated both when food samples were fractured by single bites and when further broken down by chewing. In the second study, biting and chewing sounds were blocked by a loud masking noise. Subjects had no difficulty determining crispness. Correlations between judgments obtained with and without an auditory block were high. It is lroposed that vibrations produced by fracturing crisp foods may ur deriie the perception of crispness. THE ROLE of sound in judgments of food quality was first examined Iry Drake (1963) who showed that sounds produced by crtrshing a variety of foods differed in ampli- tude, frequency, and temporal characteristics. The author suggested that 4:hewing sounds and related vibrations are utilized as a complement to other tactile cues in the sensory evaluation of tire mechanical properties of foods. Drake (1965) also formd a significant correlation between the measured ampli:ude of chewing sounds and sensory deter- minations of their loudness for a variety of crisp foods. Vickers and Bourne (1976) suggested that acoustical sensations are involved in the perception of crispness in foods. They found that crisp foods, when bitten, produced a characteristic . rcoustical profile and hypothesized that the amplitude of the: sounds produced by biting a food was the most salient dinlension of crispness. Sherman and Deghaidy (1978) reportec. that their panelists used auditory cues, particularly dur.ng the first bite, to determine food crisp- ness. Vickers and Wasserman (1980) demonstrated that subjects could successfully rate the sensation of crispness by listening to tape-recorded sounds of the foods being crushed. Furthe::more, there was a high positive correlation between the per:eived loudness of the food crushing sounds and their perceij ed crispness. The cumulative data strongly suggest that biting and chewing sounds particularly the loudness of these sounds, correlate with tlte sensation of crispness in foods. This hy- pothesis was te:. ted in the first experiment. Subjects were instructed to either bite or bite and chew a series of foods varying in crisp less. Using magnitude estimation, the sub- jects separately evaluated the loudness of their chewing sounds and the crispness of the food samples; correlations were obtained bt:tween the two sets of judgments. A second exIreriment tested the more general hypothesis that auditory sensations are necessary for judgments of crispness. Subjec:ts judged the crispness of a series of foods while their bitirlg and chewing sounds were blocked by a
The dielectric relaxation behaviour of m-fluoroaniline above the glass transition

The dielectric properties of m-fluoroaniline have been investigated over seven decades of frequency (1 kHz-20 GHz) in the temperature range 188-303 K, above the calorimetric glass transition temperature. The Arrhenius plot of the inverse alpha peak frequencies reveals a non-linear character and a non-Debye relaxation function indicates a non-exponential temporal decay of the molecular polarization of the liquid near Tg. The dynamic behaviour turns out to be typical of highly fragile liquids and appears closely similar to that obtained from previous ultrasonic studies on the same system. A crossover between two distinct dynamical regimes takes place in the range of intermediate viscosity at a temperature Tc which falls about 40 K above the glass transition temperature Tg.
Comment on porosities of ice films used to simulate stratospheric cloud surfaces

Reference is made to a recent article by Hanson and Ravishankara (HR) containing data on the reaction probabilities of N2O5 and ClONO2 on ice films of varying thickness. In accordance with their interpretation of the observations, no correction for internal diffusion was needed and, thus, by implication, their films were effectively nonporous. Here, it is argued that vapor deposited films can be highly porous and that porous films do not always show a large increase in reactivity or uptake capacity with thickness. It is pointed out that the assumptions made by HR are responsible for the poor fit of their data.
Trichoderma Reesei Cellulase Produced by Submerged Versus Solid State Fermentations

The aim of this study was to produce and characterize a cellulase-rich fraction using submerged or solid state fermentation of Trichoderma reesei (QM 1914) strain. The carbon sources were the wheat bran or sawdust, the production yield of this enzyme production was higher in both fermentation types using sawdust substrate, and especially by solid state fermentation, after five days of fermentation. The optimum pH and temperature for the efficient crude enzyme production was established to be 5 and 60Â°C, respectively, but lost 50% of its activity after 30 minutes, when heated at 60Â°C. Comparatively with other fungi, the efficiency of Trichoderma sp. to synthesize cellulase rich extract was higher. Â
Mass-transfer efficiencies of column contactors in supercritical extraction service

Les essais sont effectues pour des melanges alcool-eau dans du dioxyde de carbone (solvant). Les essais sont faits a l'echelle du laboratoire dans une colonne de 2,5 cm de diametre qui agit soit comme une colonne a plateau perfore, soit comme une colonne a garnissage ou comme une colonne a pulverisation. Mise en place d'un modele pour synthetiser les resultats experimentaux
Solubility of hydrogen, carbon monoxide, and 1-octene in various solvents and solvent mixtures

The solubility of H2 has been measured as a function of pressure in ethanol + water and various solvents at (298 and 323) K. The results are compared with theoretical predictions for H2 in different solvents and some mixtures and found to agree within ±10% error, except for acetonitrile. The solubility of CO in 1-octene has also been measured. Liquid−liquid equilibrium for the 1-octene + water + ethanol system was measured at (298 and 323) K, but the predictions of these data by the UNIFAC−UNIQUAC models were not found to be satisfactory, except for higher 1-octene concentrations in water (>6% w/w) for which the predictions were within 10% error.
Influence of vehicles on the in vitro percutaneous absorption of piroxicam to optimise the formulation of patch tests in dermatology

The present study evaluated the influence of various vehicles on the in vitro percutaneous absorption of piroxicam across human skin under standard diffusion conditions to optimise the formulation of patch tests in dermatology. The transdermal permeation properties of piroxicam were evaluated from five vehicles (PEG 400, propylene glycol, transcutol P, petrolatum, and petrolatum + transcutol P 10%) using Franz diffusion cells. Piroxicam was applied as a saturated solution in vehicles to ensure equal thermodynamic activity of piroxicam in the vehicles. Concentrations of piroxicam were determined by high performance liquid chromatography in epidermis, dermis, and receptor liquid. The release of piroxicam from its vehicles and consequently its cutaneous absorption are influenced by the vehicle assayed and the solubility of piroxicam in each vehicle. The penetration of piroxicam through human skin was clearly enhanced by propylene glycol and petrolatum + transcutol P 10%, with cumulated amounts of piroxicam in the receptor fluid at 48 h of 116±32 and 159±28 μg/mg/cm2 respectively, whereas petrolatum alone did not allow the diffusion of piroxicam. Additional experiments should be conducted in vivo to correlate the results obtained in vitro and to provide clinicians with a more reliable diagnostic test. Drug Dev. Res. 58:283–290, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Hydrogen response in liquid propylene polymerization: Towards a generalized model

Liquid propylene batch experiments in the absence of a gas phase have been carried out using a highly-active MgCl2/TiCl4/phthalate/silane/AlR3 catalyst at varying temperatures (60-80°C) and molar hydrogen-monomer ratios of 0-10 mmol/mol. With increasing hydrogen concentration the: 1. polymerization rate increases rapidly, reaching a constant value at concentrations above 1.4 mmol/mol; 2. pseudo-first-order catalyst deactivation constant increases; 3. molecular weight decreases; 4. polydispersity decreases slightly; but average molecular weight and polydispersity increase with increasing temperature. Polymerization rate, deactivation constant, and average molecular weight can be modeled based on a consistent dormant site mechanism assuming an (averaged) quasi-single-site model.
Acúmulo de matéria seca e micronutrientes em mandioca consorciada com bananeira

Cassava is an important intercropping plant. However, there is little information on its dry matter accumulation and partitioning, as well as micronutrient demand, when it is intercropped with fruit trees. The study was conducted in Januaria, Minas Gerais State, Brazil, in 2010-2011, aiming at evaluating the dry matter and micronutrients accumulation in cassava intercropped with irrigated banana tree. A randomized blocks design, with four replications, was used, with treatments consisting of 14 sampling periods, from sowing to harvest. At each sampling period, plants were classified as shoots (stems and leaves) and roots, for determining their dry matter and contents of Cu, Fe, Mn and Zn. The dry matter and micronutrients accumulation fitted a sigmoidal growth pattern. The shoot dry matter accumulation increased up to 200 days after planting (DAP), stabilizing thereafter up to the end of the crop cycle. For roots, the dry matter accumulation was continuous up to the end of the cycle. From 250 DAP, roots became the main dry matter accumulation organ. Micronutrients accumulation in cassava plants occured in the following order: Fe > Zn > Mn > Cu. It was concluded that the cultivation of cassava intercropped with banana tree is viable, provided there is a proper availability of micronutrients required by plants.
A Neutron Diffraction Study of Palladium Hydride

Neutron diffraction measurements have been made on palladium hydride formed by soaking powdered palladium in gaseous hydrogen. The results obtained are best described in terms of a palladium lattice with hydrogen atoms in octahedral positions. Palladiumhydrid, durch Absorption von gasformigem Wasserstoff in Palladiumpulver hergestellt, wird mit Neutronenstreuung untersucht. Die experimentellen Ergebnisse werden mittels eines Palladiumgitters mit Wasserstoffatomen in oktaedrischen Lagen am besten beschrieben.
Constructing the Components of a Lab Report Using Peer Review

A protocol that emphasizes lab report writing using a piecemeal approach coupled with peer review is described. As the lab course progresses, the focus of the report writing changes sequentially through the abstract and introduction, the discussion, and the procedure. Two styles of lab programs are presented. One style rotates the students through the experiments on a weekly basis, whereas the other style is a lockstep process but modified to divide the class in two. This protocol increases the quality of the writing experience without losing experimental content or increasing the students’ workload.
Influence of combined nitrogen and sulphur fertilization on false flax (Camelina sativa [L.] Crtz.) yield and quality

The influence of joint applications of N and S on false flax (Camelina sativa L.) growing was studied in a pot experiment. Nitrogen was applied as NH4NO3 at rates of 0.6 (N1)–0.9 (N2)–1.2 (N3) g per pot. Sulphur was applied as (NH4)2SO4 to achieve levels of 35 ppm (S1) and 55 ppm (S2) S-SO 42− . The number of branches per plant increased with the nitrogen doses (10.62–12.41–15.38). The N2 and N3 rates (4.91 g and 4.79 g, respectively) significantly increased the seed yields (g/plant) as compared to N1 (3.77 g). Straw yields (g/plant) and thousand-seed weight (g) increased significantly only with the highest level of nitrogen N3 (18.23 and 1.17, respectively) compared to N1 (16.52 and 1.06, respectively). Increasing levels of nitrogen (N1–N2–N3) reduced the oil content of seeds (40.79–38.40–37.66%), but increased the protein content (23.93–25.63–28.19%). The level of sulphur S2 significantly stimulated only the oil content to 39.36% compared to 38.54% with S1. At the same time a negative correlation was di.