Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Oral manifestations of HIV: Can they be an indicator of disease severity? (A systematic review).

OBJECTIVE To review the existing research literature on the paradigm that the oral lesions could be an indicator of the disease severity with the objective of documenting the current status of research, highlighting its major findings. MATERIAL AND METHODS Publications were identified through a careful search, of which a majority focused on oral lesions as an indicator for HIV progression. A PubMed journal search of 10 years OF period publication (2009-2019) for "oral lesion, oral manifestation, indicator, HIV and HIV-associated" was performed and analysed. Various research methods were included within the study criteria including clinical study, clinical trial, comparative study and randomised control trial. RESULTS A total 33 studies were obtained and analysed, including cohort study, cross-sectional study, case-control study, clinical trial, retrospective observational analysis study, prospective observational study and randomised control trial. The most common oral lesions found in the studies were Kaposi sarcoma (KS), followed by oral candidiasis, periodontitis, necrotising ulcerative gingivitis (NUG), necrotising ulcerative periodontitis (NUP) and oral hairy leucoplakia (OHL). The early diagnosis and accurate treatment plan were very important to indicate the disease severity related to HIV infection. CONCLUSION Oral lesions reported in 39% articles and could be an indicator of HIV disease severity due to its effects on decreased cluster-differentiated (CD4+) T-cell count and increased viral load.
EFFECT OF ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAL FUNGI ON PLANT GROWTH AND ESSENTIAL OIL CONTENT AND COMPOSITION OF OCIMUM BASILICUM L.

The potential of three arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) Glomus mosseae, G. fasciculatum and G. intraradicesto enhance the production of essential oil and plant growth parameter was investigated in sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum). The AMF inoculation significantly increased plant height, fresh and dry matter yield, oil content and oil yield as compared to non-inoculated basil plants. Essential oil content in plants inoculated with G. mosseae and G. fasciculatum was significantly higher than other treatments. Shoot fresh weight significantly increased by all three mycorrhiza fungi species, but only inoculation with G. intraradices and G. fasciculatum increased root dry weight. Also oil composition improved with AMF inoculation and linalool and methyl chavicol that enhance the essence quality, increased in inoculated plant compared to control plants. These results demonstrate that AMF concomitantly increase essential oil production and biomass in an herbaceous species rich in commercially valued essential oils. Therefore, AMF potentially represent an alternative way of promoting growth of this important medicinal herb, as natural ways of growing such crops are currently highly sought after in the herbal industry.
Graded reductions in pre‐exercise glycogen concentration do not augment exercise‐induced nuclear AMPK and PGC‐1α protein content in human muscle

What is the central question of this study? What is the absolute level of pre‐exercise glycogen concentration required to augment the exercise‐induced signalling response regulating mitochondrial biogenesis? What is the main finding and its importance? Commencing high‐intensity endurance exercise with reduced pre‐exercise muscle glycogen concentrations confers no additional benefit to the early signalling responses that regulate mitochondrial biogenesis.
The role of the ribosomal stalk in the activity of ricin, Shiga-like toxin 1 and Shiga-like toxin 2 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

OF THE DISSERTATION . II ACKNOWLEDGEMENT . IV TABLE OF CONTENTS . V LIST OF FIGURES . VI CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION . 1 CHAPTER 2: THE RIBOSOMAL STALK IS REQUIRED FOR RIBOSOME BINDING, DEPURINATION OF THE RRNA AND CYTOTOXICITY OF RICIN A CHAIN IN SACCHAROMYCES CEREVISIAE . 15 CHAPTER 3: RIBOSOME-BOUND AND CYTOPLASMIC STALK PROTEINS AFFECT THE ACTIVITY OF SHIGA TOXIN 1, SHIGA TOXIN 2 AND RICIN DIFFERENTLY AND THESE DIFFERENCES CONTRIBUTE TO THEIR RELATIVE CYTOTOXICITY . 43 CHAPTER 4: P0 OF THE RIBOSOMAL STALK PLAYS A ROLE IN THE INTERACTION OF RICIN-A CHAIN WITH THE RIBISOMES IN SACCHAROMYCES CEREVISIAE . 72 CHAPTER 5: CONCLUSIONS . 85 REFFERENCE . 89 CURRICULUM VITA . 101
Characteristics and Management of Children with COVID-19 in Turkey

Aims: Limited data about disease management strategies are available for pediatric patients with coronavirus disease-2019, particularly in Turkey. This study aimed to share the data on patients aged under 18 years in our country to be beneficial for understanding the disease course in children. Methods: A retrospective review of the medical records of pediatric patients aged under 18 years who were confirmed as coronavirus disease-2019 between March 11, and June 23, 2020, and were admitted to our hospitals was conducted. Results: A total of 220 pediatric patients with coronavirus disease-2019 were evaluated, of which 48.2% were boys, with a median age of 10 years, and 9.5% had underlying diseases. Patients were classified according to severity, with the percentages of asymptomatic, mild, moderate, and critical/severe cases determined to be 25.5%, 45%, 26.8%, and 2.7%, respectively. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation was required in two patients (0.9%) and mechanical ventilation in three (1.4%). Targeted therapies were used in six patients (2.7%), with hydroxychloroquine being the most commonly used agent either alone (one patient) or in combination with favipiravir (five patients). Two patients (0.9%) died, and nine (4.1%) were still hospitalized during the study period. Conclusion: Although the disease course of coronavirus disease-2019 seems to be mild in children, critical illness is significant, and the treatment strategy primarily should consist of supportive care according to our preliminary observations.
Initial Invasive Versus Conservative Management of Stable Ischemic Heart Disease in Patients With a History of Heart Failure or Left Ventricular Dysfunction

Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text. Background: Whether an initial invasive strategy in patients with stable ischemic heart disease and at least moderate ischemia improves outcomes in the setting of a history of heart failure (HF) or left ventricular dysfunction (LVD) when ejection fraction is ≥35% but <45% is unknown. Methods: Among 5179 participants randomized into ISCHEMIA (International Study of Comparative Health Effectiveness With Medical and Invasive Approaches), all of whom had left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) ≥35%, we compared cardiovascular outcomes by treatment strategy in participants with a history of HF/LVD at baseline versus those without HF/LVD. Median follow-up was 3.2 years. Results: There were 398 (7.7%) participants with HF/LVD at baseline, of whom 177 had HF/LVEF >45%, 28 HF/LVEF 35% to 45%, and 193 LVEF 35% to 45% but no history of HF. HF/LVD was associated with more comorbidities at baseline, particularly previous myocardial infarction, stroke, and hypertension. Compared with patients without HF/LVD, participants with HF/LVD were more likely to experience a primary outcome composite of cardiovascular death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, or hospitalization for unstable angina, HF, or resuscitated cardiac arrest (4-year cumulative incidence rate, 22.7% versus 13.8%; cardiovascular death or myocardial infarction, 19.7% versus 12.3%; and all-cause death or HF, 15.0% versus 6.9%). Participants with HF/LVD randomized to the invasive versus conservative strategy had a lower rate of the primary outcome (17.2% versus 29.3%; difference in 4-year event rate, −12.1% [95% CI, −22.6 to −1.6%]), whereas those without HF/LVD did not (13.0% versus 14.6%; difference in 4-year event rate, −1.6% [95% CI, −3.8% to 0.7%]; P interaction = 0.055). A similar differential effect was seen for the primary outcome, all-cause mortality, and cardiovascular mortality when invasive versus conservative strategy–associated outcomes were analyzed with LVEF as a continuous variable for patients with and without previous HF. Conclusions: ISCHEMIA participants with stable ischemic heart disease and at least moderate ischemia with a history of HF or LVD were at increased risk for the primary outcome. In the small, high-risk subgroup with HF and LVEF 35% to 45%, an initial invasive approach was associated with better event-free survival. This result should be considered hypothesis-generating. Registration: URL: https://www.clinicaltrials. gov; Unique identifier: NCT01471522.
Platelet‐poor plasma gel vs platelet‐rich plasma for infraorbital rejuvenation: A clinical and dermoscopic comparative study

Infraorbital dark circles and tear trough deformity are considered common aesthetic problems. Numerous therapeutic modalities have been suggested with variable outcomes. The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of platelet‐poor plasma (PPP) gel vs platelet‐rich plasma (PRP) in infraorbital rejuvenation. A total of 68 females presented with dark circles and/or tear trough deformity were recruited and treated by PPP gel injection in the right infraorbital region (Group A) and PRP injection in the left infraorbital region (Group B). They received three treatment sessions at 2‐week interval, and followed up monthly for 3 months. They were evaluated clinically and dermoscopically before treatment and at the end of follow‐up period. Both groups showed significant clinical improvements proved by significant reduction of degree of hyperpigmentation and tear trough rating scale. Obviously, more significant clinical and dermoscopic improvements were observed in Group A than Group B. Therefore, it could be concluded that both PPP gel and PRP were clinically effective procedures for aesthetic improvement of infraorbital region. Moreover, PPP gel seems to be significantly more effective than PRP as a therapeutic modality.
Developmental and Lethal Effects of Trehalase Inhibitor (Validamycin) on the Tribolium castaneum (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae)

Abstract The trehalose analogue compound validamycin is a very strong competitive inhibitor of trehalase enzymatic activity in various insects, and it has been studied as a potential material for the development of new insecticides. The inhibitory effect of validamycin on trehalase activity in the red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum Herbst, was investigated in the present study. We measured changes in glucose concentrations and assessed morphological abnormalities in the wings of T. castaneum after trehalase activity was inhibited by validamycin treatment. We found that the application of validamycin during the larval stage, via both feeding and injection methods, resulted in a significant decrease in trehalase activity during the larval, pupal, and adult stages. Injection of validamycin into pupae caused a reduction in trehalase enzyme activity and caused the glucose concentration to fall by 21% compared with the control. The dose-dependent lethal effect of validamycin treatment was recorded, with the highest mortality rate of ∼78%. This study is the first to demonstrate the dosedependent effect of validamycin on the wing morphology of T. castaneum adults, in that the injected insects exhibited wrinkled elytra and improperly folded hindwings. Reduction of elytral length and width was also recorded. The trehalase inhibitor validamycin is valuable for investigating the physiological function of trehalase in insects and may be useful as a pest control tool for T. castaneum.
A cold‐adapted leucine dehydrogenase from marine bacterium Alcanivorax dieselolei: Characterization and l‐tert‐leucine production

l‐tert‐leucine, an intermediate in the synthesis of several chiral drugs, is mainly produced by bioconversion, in which leucine dehydrogenase (LeuDH) is the key enzyme. A novel leudh was obtained from the marine bacterium Alcanivorax dieselolei B‐5(T) by PCR. The gene encoded a novel cold‐adapted LeuDH that showed low similarity (less than 50%) to any known proteins; the highest similarity (42.6%) was found for LeuDH from Bacillus cereus. The cold‐adapted LeuDH showed optimal activity at 30℃ and pH 6.5, and was identified to be extremely cold‐adaptive, retaining over 90% activity in the temperature range of 0–37℃. The enzyme exhibited better stability in weak alkali environment (pH 6.0–8.5) than Thermoactinomyces intermedius LeuDH. The best substrate concentration was established, and LeuDH conversion rate in catalyzing trimethylpyruvic acid to l‐tert‐leucine was 54.6%. The cold activity and its ability to produce l‐tert‐leucine with excellent performance of enantiomers of choice make it a promising biocatalyst for industrial application under extreme conditions.
In Silico Cloning of Target Type 2 Diabetes Population for Treatments Development and Decision Support*

Therapies for treatment of type 2 diabetes (T2D) involve a variety of medications, depending on the stage of T2D progression. It is now an accepted knowledge that in silico trials can help to accelerate drug development and support treatment optimization. A T2D simulator (T2DS), consisting of a model of the glucose-insulin system and an in silico population describing glucose-insulin dynamics in T2D subjects, has been recently developed based on early-stage T2D data, studied with sophisticated experimental techniques. This limits the domain of validity of the simulator to this specific sub-population of T2D. Here we proposed a method for tuning the T2DS to any desired T2D target population, e.g. insulin-naïve (i.e., not experienced with insulin) patients, without the need to resort to complex and expensive clinical studies. This will allow to use the T2DS for testing treatments in the target population. To illustrate the methodology, we used a case study: extending the T2DS to reproduce the behavior of insulin-naïve T2D subjects. The methodology described here can be extended to other stages of T2D, allowing an extensive in silico testing phase of different treatments before human trials.
A 15-Gb/s 0.0037-mm² 0.019-pJ/Bit Full-Rate Programmable Multi-Pattern Pseudo-Random Binary Sequence Generator

This brief presents a compact low-power programmable multi-pattern pseudo-random binary sequence (PRBS) generator. It is capable of producing 2<sup>7</sup> – 1, 2<sup>15</sup> – 1, 2<sup>23</sup> – 1 and 2<sup>31</sup> – 1 test patterns to meet multiple testing requirements. To reduce power and area, the full-rate architecture with the truly-single-phase clock logic (TSPC) D-flip-flops (DFF) instead of the current-mode logic (CML) DFF is adopted. The multiplexer (MUX) merged TSPC DFF is proposed to avoid the delay of the MUX in conventional multiple pattern PRBS generators. Hence, the critical path delay is reduced, and thus, the maximum data rate can be improved. Fabricated in a 40-nm CMOS process (260-GHz <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${f}_{T}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>), this PRBS occupies a core active area of 0.0037 mm<sup>2</sup> and operates at a maximum data rate of 15 Gb/s. The measured power consumption is 8.778 mW with 1.1-V supply. The figure-of-merit (FoM) is 0.019 pJ/bit at the pattern length of 2<sup>31</sup> – 1.
Dealing with Robustness of Convolutional Neural Networks for Image Classification

SW-based systems depend more and more on AI also for critical tasks. For instance, the use of machine learning, especially for image recognition, is increasing ever more. As state-of-the-art, Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) are the most adopted techniques for image classification. Although they are proved to have optimal results, it is not clear what happens when unforeseen modifications during the image acquisition and elaboration occur. Thus, it is very important to assess the robustness of a CNN, especially when it is used in a safety critical system, as, e.g., in the medical domain or in automated driving systems. Most of the analyses made about the robustness of CNNs are focused on adversarial examples which are created by exploiting the CNN internal structure; however, these are not the only problems we can encounter with CNNs and, moreover, they may be unlikely in some fields. This is why, in this paper, we focus on the robustness analysis when plausible alterations caused by an error during the acquisition of the input images occur. We give a novel definition of robustness w.r. t. possible input alterations for a CNN and we propose a framework to compute it. Moreover, we analyse four methods (data augmentation, limited data augmentation, network parallelization, and limited network parallelization) which can be used to improve the robustness of a CNN for image classification. Analyses are conducted over a dataset of histologic images.
Robot Assisted Instantaneous Heart Rate Estimator using Camera based Remote Photoplethysmograpy via Plane-Orthogonal-to-Skin and Finite State Machine

In this paper, we have presented Turtulebot-assisted instantaneous heart rate (HR) estimator using camera based remote photoplethysmography. We used a Turtlebot with a camera to record human face. For the face detection, we used Haar Cascade algorithm. To increase the accuracy of the HR estimation, we combined a plane-orthogonal-to-skin (POS) model with finite state machine (FSM) framework. By combining POS and FSM framework, we achieved 1.08 bpm of MAE, which is the lowest error comparing to the state-of-art methods.
Effect of transplanting time and mulching on growth and yield of tomato

A field experiment was conducted to study the effect of transplanting time and mulching on growth and yield of tomato. Among different dates of planting, early planting (10th December) recorded the highest vegetative growth, yield attributes, early and total fruit yield; whereas it was vice-versa in case of 20th January planting. Among different mulch materials, black polyethylene retained higher soil moisture and temperature as compared to other materials and control. Further, fruit yield was significantly higher with black polyethylene mulch compared to other mulch materials. Highest net returns (Rs. 52,700/ha) was recorded under early (10th December) planting date and mulching with black polyethylene treatment combination, which was significantly superior to all other treatment combinations.
Efficiently Training Two-DoF Hand-Wrist EMG-Force Models*

Single-use EMG-force models (i.e., a new model is trained each time the electrodes are donned) are used in various areas, including ergonomics assessment, clinical biomechanics, and motor control research. For one degree of freedom (1-DoF) tasks, input-output (black box) models are common. Recently, black box models have expanded to 2-DoF tasks. To facilitate efficient training, we examined parameters of black box model training methods in 2-DoF force-varying, constant-posture tasks consisting of hand open-close combined with one wrist DoF. We found that approximately 40-60 s of training data is best, with progressively higher EMG-force errors occurring for progressively shorter training durations. Surprisingly, 2-DoF models in which the dynamics were universal across all subjects (only channel gain was trained to each subject) generally performed 15-21% better than models in which the complete dynamics were trained to each subject. In summary, lower error EMG-force models can be formed through diligent attention to optimization of these factors.
Revisiting motion-based respiration measurement from videos

Video-based motion analysis gave rise to contactless respiration rate monitoring that measures subtle respiratory movement from a human chest or belly. In this paper, we revisit this technology via a large video benchmark that includes six categories of practical challenges. We analyze two video properties (i.e. pixel intensity variation and pixel movement) that are essential for respiratory motion analysis and various signal extraction approaches (i.e. from conventional to recent Convolutional Neural Network (CNN)-based methods). We find that pixel movement can better quantify respiratory motion than pixel intensity variation in various conditions. We also conclude that the simple conventional approach (e.g. Zerophase Component Analysis) can achieve better performance than CNN that uses data training to define the extraction of respiration signal, which thus raises a more general question whether CNN can improve video-based physiological signal measurement.
The Concept of Detecting and Classifying Anomalies in Large Data Sets on a Basis of Information Granules

Anomaly (outlier) detection is one of the most important problems of modern data analysis. Anomalies can be the results of database users' mistakes, operational errors or just missing values. The problem is important because of fast growth of the large data sets. Therefore, we present the initial results of work on a Granular Computing approach to data imputation and missing data analysis. Our proposal brings intuitive and interpretable solutions. Finally, in a series of experiments, we demonstrate its effectiveness for a large dataset in the area of transport.
Strong Coordination with Side Information

We consider a strong coordination setup, where two nodes must produce a joint distribution on their actions that is close in total variation distance to independent and identical copies from a given joint probability distribution. The first node, which we call the encoder, observes an independent and identically distributed (i.i.d.) source. In order to coordinate the source with the reconstructed outputs of the second node (the decoder), they have access to a noiseless rate limited link and common randomness. The decoder also has additional side information. The reconstruction at the decoder is to be coordinated with the source process as well as the available side information. We allow the side information to be driven by another encoding process, which does not share common randomness with the two nodes. General inner and outer bounds on the rate-coordination region for this set up are derived, and our bounds match for an important special case. We also show an example with no encoding of the side information, where coordination of the source and reconstruction can be obtained as a union of three way coordination regions involving the side information as well.
Cardiovascular Events and Costs With Home Blood Pressure Telemonitoring and Pharmacist Management for Uncontrolled Hypertension

Uncontrolled hypertension is a leading contributor to cardiovascular disease. A cluster-randomized trial in 16 primary care clinics showed that 12 months of home blood pressure telemonitoring and pharmacist management lowered blood pressure more than usual care (UC) for 24 months. We report cardiovascular events (nonfatal myocardial infarction, nonfatal stroke, hospitalized heart failure, coronary revascularization, and cardiovascular death) and costs over 5 years of follow-up. In the telemonitoring intervention (TI group, n=228), there were 15 cardiovascular events (5 myocardial infarction, 4 stroke, 5 heart failure, 1 cardiovascular death) among 10 patients. In UC group (n=222), there were 26 events (11 myocardial infarction, 12 stroke, 3 heart failure) among 19 patients. The cardiovascular composite end point incidence was 4.4% in the TI group versus 8.6% in the UC group (odds ratio, 0.49 [95% CI, 0.21–1.13], P=0.09). Including 2 coronary revascularizations in the TI group and 10 in the UC group, the secondary cardiovascular composite end point incidence was 5.3% in the TI group versus 10.4% in the UC group (odds ratio, 0.48 [95% CI, 0.22–1.08], P=0.08). Microsimulation modeling showed the difference in events far exceeded predictions based on observed blood pressure. Intervention costs (in 2017 US dollars) were $1511 per patient. Over 5 years, estimated event costs were $758 000 in the TI group and $1 538 000 in the UC group for a return on investment of 126% and a net cost savings of about $1900 per patient. Telemonitoring with pharmacist management lowered blood pressure and may have reduced costs by avoiding cardiovascular events over 5 years. Registration— URL: https://www.clinicaltrials. gov; Unique identifier: NCT00781365.