Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
YALE OBSERVATION SCALE AS A PREDICTOR OF BACTEREMIA AND FINAL OUTCOME IN 3-36 MONTHS OLD FEBRILE CHILDREN ADMITTED IN TERTIARY HEALTH CENTRES: A HOSPITAL-BASED CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY

ABSTRACT Objectives: The objective of the study was to assess predictability of bacteremia in febrile children in the age group of 3-36 months by application of Yale observation scale (YOS) and to predict clinical course during hospital stay and final outcome by YOS. Methods: A hospital-based cross-sectional study was carried out at Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Karnataka, for a period of 2 years (September 2013-September, 2015) in 100 febrile children in the age group of 3-36 months with probable infectious etiology admitted in ward/PICU. Children with any non-infectious causes of fever (vaccination, autoimmune, and immunodeficiency disorder) were excluded from the study. Cases were selected by simple random sampling. The primary study outcome was bacteremia based on positivity on blood culture and sensitivity sample drawn at admission. Secondary outcomes are clinical course in the hospital, use of antibiotics, need for mechanical ventilation, hospital stay, and mortality. Results: 100 cases were included in the study out of which 18 cases were bacteremic with a mean YOS of 26 (non-bacteremic - 11), mean hospital stay 19.5 days (non-bacteremic - 12 days). All 18 bacteremic children had YOS ≥20, but YOS ≥20 had 8 false positives cases. There was no significant interobserver variability in YOS assessment (Cronbach’s alpha - 0.993 showing good correlation with intraclass correlation coefficient - 0.986). Higher YOS scores had good sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative likelihood ratios, and area under curve for prediction of bacteremia at YOS >20 (100%, 90.2%, 10.2, 0.00, and 0.970), need for mechanical ventilation at YOS >21 (100%, 91.7%, 12.04, 0.00, and 0.969), need for scaling up antibiotics at YOS >21 (70.4%, 94.4%, 12.5, 0.31, and 0.822), and mortality at YOS >21 (90.9%, 85.4%, 6.2, 0.106, 0.878). Conclusion: YOS is a good tool to rule out bacteremia and to prognosticate the clinical course at the first visit. This simple scale can be of value in monitoring admitted patients for deteriorating clinical state and for assessing the need for referral to higher centers for further management. Keywords : Yale observation scale, Bacteremia, Febrile patients.
Genetic and environmental factors involved in schizophrenia development

Due to its complexity, schizophrenia is an intriguing disorder being described as a heterogeneous and multifactorial disease. It is characterized by the presence of a psychotic behavior, unrealistic and disorganized thinking, and a marked social dysfunction. This disorder affects 1% of world population presenting a high impact at family level and huge expenditure on public health. In this paper we intend to perform a bibliographic search concerning the genetic and environmental risk factors involved in schizophrenia development. A bibliographic search was performed using the words: schizophrenia, genetic factors, non-genetic factors, multifactorial heritage. Criteria used in papers selection included the interest of the subject, limiting the search to scientific papers written in English or Portuguese, with publication date in a 10 years period or of previous years when the content and experimental evidences were relevant for the theme. As results of this search, it was seen that the genetic influence in this pathology is well stablished, however, the exact nature of the type of transmission is not clear yet. Several environmental factors involved in schizophrenia development have already been identified. Available data allow to conclude that, in most cases, the genetic component consists of multiple genes acting additively, being the genotype expressed only when the number of genes and non-genetic factors present is above a threshold number.
Clinical Usefulness of the Pocket Echocardiographic Device: Potential Advantage and Reliability Compared to the Conventional Echocardiographic Equipment

We hypothesized that pocket echocardiography (PE) is a useful and has a potential advantage in clinical practice. Methods: Study population consisted of 200 patients who underwent both PE and conventional (CE) (male 107, age 56.6±16.6 years). Each patient was submitted to physical examination before echocardiographic assessment. The agreement, sensitivity, specificity between PE and CE were assessed based on the diagnostic results of CE. Results: About 77.5% clinical questions could be answered by PE, however, only 6% questions could be answer by physical examination. The sensitivities and specificities of PE to detect the enlargement of left ventricle, right ventricle, left atrium and right atrium detected by CE were 89%100% and 100% (AUC= 0.941.00), respectively. The sensitivities and specificities of PE to detect significant valvular regurgitation by CE were 96% and 97% (AUC= 0.97), respectively. There was excellent agreement between PE and CE in evaluating severity of valvular regurgitation for the four valves (kappa= 0.905). Eight of 9 patients with congenital heart disease could be successfully diagnosed by PE and confirmed by CE. Eight patients with critical ills in emergency room had been correctly diagnosed by PE, which should be acute managements after diagnosis. Conclusions: With pocket size nature, good agreement between PE and CE. PE showed additive clinical value over the clinical physical examination. It may alter the current consultation mode in clinical practice in the future.
Comparative study of awareness, attitude, and performance of hairdressers in west regions of Iran in terms of personal hygiene, decontamination of tools and devices, and general status of building

Background: assessment of awareness, attitude, and performance of hairdressers in order to monitoring the effectiveness of health education programs and modifying their weak points is necessary for ensuring public health and safety. Accordingly, the present study was set to investigate and compare the awareness, attitude, and performance of hairdressers regarding personal hygiene, tools and devices hygiene, and general building condition in western regions of Iran. Material and methods: in the present cross-sectional study, a total number of 75 hairdressers from two cities, Malayer and Kangavar, were selected using a systematic random cluster sampling approach. The data gathering tools were a checklist and a questionnaire containing five main parts: demographic characteristics, personal hygiene, tools and devices hygiene, and general building condition. Required data for completing questionnaires were obtained by interviewing participants and observations from beauty salons. Data were analyzed using SPSS software package developed by IBM. Results: the average scores of awareness and performance of hairdressers of the two cities investigated in the present study were significantly differed from each other (p-value < 0.05). Whereas, the attitude of hairdressers toward occupational and personal hygiene were the same in the two cities (p-value > 0.05). The high level of awareness among hairdressers from Malayer were consistent with their attitude and performance, however, there was not observed such a consistency among hairdressers from Kangavar (p-value > 0.05). Conclusion: awareness, attitude, and performance of hairdressers in west regions of Iran were at an acceptable level. However, the presence of problems associated with environment health in these salons was indicative that this good awareness and positive attitude did not lead in an acceptable performance. As a result, all hairdressers should actively participate in training courses held by their guild.
Antimicrobial activity and Elemental analysis of Cassia siberiana

Phytochemical screening and elemental analysis was carried out on water and ethanol extracts of Cassia siberiana leaves. The antimicrobial activ ityy and minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of the leaves extract were also studied. Prel iminary phytochemical investigation revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoidss, anthraquino nes, saponins, glycosides, tannins, carbohydrates and terpenes. Elemental analysis reve al d the presence of calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P), Magnesium (Mg), Manganese (Mn), Iro n (Fe), Copper (Cu) and Zinc (Zn). Manganese was present at the higher concentration o f 9. 50μg/g followed by Zinc 2. 4μg/g. Antimicrobial studies showed that the ethanol extra ct had considerable activities and significant inhibition against staphylococcus aureus, streptoco ccus pyogen, salmonella typhi, shigella dysentery and Eschenchia coli. Ethanol extract had igher zone of inhibition (32mm) against salmonella typhi at (0.5μg/ml) with minimum inhibit ory concentration (MIC) value of 4 x 10 2 μg/ml. The MIC ranges from 2 x 10 2 μg/ml to 5 x 10 4 μg/ml.
EPIDEMIOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF BURN DEATHS IN VARANASI UTTAR PRADESH, INDIA

Introduction: served as well as destroyed mankind. medicine. The injury represents an assault on all aspects of the patient, from the physical to the psychological. Aim of the study: problem regarding burn deaths. Material and Methods: medical science, Banaras Hindu the duration from 1 were recorded out of 3149 medico Observations and burn deaths were recorded at 21 female ratio were 1:4.6 i.e. male 81(18%) and female 369 (82%). outnumbered the unmarried female (15.99%), in male, married (80.22%) outnumber the 19.33 % unmarried male. from urban area. Studied cases like 91.11% were Hindu and 8.22% ar victims (30%) were uneducated i.e. illiterate, followed by education obtained up to junior high school level cases were 93 in No. i.e. 20.67% and primary school level include 13.33%. of cases in summer season students 11.33%. Most of the burn victims were from upper lower SESS 245 cases (54.44%). Conclusion petroleum gas (LPG) and solar cooker and need to discourage the use of kerosene burner. Encouraging anti
Assessing the Contribution of Micro Credit Financing to Maize Production in Mezam Division, North West Region of Cameroon

This study on the access to micro credits and maize production in Mezam Division, North West Region of Cameroon is aimed at determining the proportion of maize producers having access to credits and identifying the sources of micro credits exploited by maize producers. Using primary data collected from 300 maize producers, analyses were performed through descriptive statistics tools and the Logit model. The findings reveal that 6 8% of the respondents have access to credits and the informal sector agents serve as main sources of financing to farmers. The results equally revealed that from the logistic analyses, access to credits, farmers’ level of education and farm size among others positively and significantly contribute to maize production. Also, maize producers faced numerous challenges including low and fluctuating prices of maize and poor farm to market roads among others. It is therefore recommended that institutions in charge of providing farmers with financial, technical and commercial assistance should be established within the reach of farmers. That aside, more investments should be made in the construction and maintenance of rural road infrastructures.
Pseudomyxoma Peritonei of Unknown Origin: A Case Report

Pseudomyxoma peritonei (PMP) is a rare condition characterized by disseminated intra-abdominal collection with mucinous implants on peritoneum and omentum. Although appendix has usually been implicated as the primary site some reports found no cause. This case also describes a PMP with no identifiable primary site. A 48 year old male presented with right hypochondrial pain, fever and abdominal distention underwent laparotomy, found to have intra peritoneal mucoid materials with septated ascites. Imaging techniques also failed to identify the primary site. Biopsy confirmed PMP. Because of advanced intra peritoneal spread and dense adhesion no other surgical interventions attempted. His past history was remarkable for choledocholithiasis and repeated surgical intervention. Citation: S Raviraj and Y Vaseethan. “Pseudomyxoma Peritonei of Unknown Origin: A Case Report”. EC Gastroenterology and Digestive System 6.7 (2019): 545-549.
Sensitivity of bacterial isolates from mastitic She-camel ( Camelus dromedaries ) to antibiotics

This study was carried out to identify the causative bacterial agents of mastitis in she-camel and to determine the sensitivity of these bacterial causes to antibiotics. Milk samples were collected from 25 mastitic lactating she-camels. Bacterial cultures were prepared from milk samples according to a standard culture technique. The results of the bacterial culture showed that the most predominant cause of she-camel mastitis is Staphylococcus spp. (80.30%). The remaining causes were Bacillus cereus (9.09%), Pasteurella haemolytica (6.06%), Corynebacteria bovis (6.06%), and Streptococcus dysaglactiae (1.52). The Staphylococcus isolates were S. aureus (22.75%), S. epidermidus (12.12%), S. intermediatius (7.56%), S. haemolyticus (6.06%), S. simulans (6.06%), S. kloosii (4.55%), S. hyicus (3.03%), S. delphini (3.03%), S. lentus (3.03%), S. lugdunensis (3.03%), S. saprophyticus (3.03%), S. chromogenes (1.52%), S. sacchrolyticus (1.52%) and S. carnosus (1.52%). The sensitivity of these bacterial isolates to antibiotics was done using oxoid discs impregnated with ciprofloxacin (CIP), gentamycin (GN), ofloxacin (OFF), cephalexine (CFX), tetracycline (TE), co-trimoxazole (SXT), ampicillin (AM), cefotaxime (CTX), coloxacillin (CLX) and lincomycin (LN). The results of the sensitivity test showed that the sensitivity of Staphylococcus spp. to CIP was 96.6 3%, OFF 89.48%, GN 84.92%, CFX 76.79%, TE 66.87%, SXT 51.19%, AM 38.39%, CTX 22.02%, LN 14.4% and CLX 7.14%. The Streptococcus dysgalactiae sensitivity percent to CIP, OFF, GN, CFX, TE and SXT was 100% and it was resistant to AM, CTX, CLX, and LN. The sensitivity of Corynebaterium bovis to CFX, CIP, OFF and GN was 100%, whereas it was completely resistant to AM, SXT, CLX and LN. The Bacillus cereus was high sensitivity to CIP, GN (100%), followed by SXT, TE and OFF (80%) and it was resistant to the remaining antibiotics. Finally, Pasteurella haemolytica was high sensitivity to AM, TE, CIP, OFF and GN (100%). It is concluded that the most dominant cause of mastitis in she-camels of North Kordofan State of Sudan is Staphylococcus spp. and the most effective antibiotics against most of the isolated organisms are CIP, OFF, GN, CFX and TE. [Alqurashi, A. M; Alamin, M. A; Elsheikh, A. S. and Yasin, T. E. Sensitivity of bacterial isolates from mastitic She-camel (Camelus dromedaries) to antibiotics. J Am Sci 2013;9(4):47-52]. (ISSN: 1545-1003). http://www.jofamericanscience. org. 7
The Pregnancy Outcomes Comparison on Natural or Controlled Ovarian Stimulation Cycles in Intrauterine Insemination Treatment: An Analysis of 8,893 Cycles

Objective : To evaluate the intrauterine insemination pregnancy outcomes both in nature and controlled ovarian stimulation cycles Design : Retrospective analysis. Setting : A single university medical center. Intervention : After controlled ovarian stimulation or nature cycle follicle monitoring, IUI performed 24-36 hours after ovulation triggering. Main Outcome Measure : The pregnancy rate, live birth rate, miscarriage rate. Result : The clinical pregnancy and live birth rate was statistically significantly higher in the stimulated cycles than nature cycles as well as that of abortion rate. The pregnancy rate and live birth rate of combination CC with HMG and LE with HMG was higher than other protocols (P<0.05). The abortion rate was higher in stimulated cycles than that in nature cycles with unexplained infertility (P<0.05). There were no statistical significance in pregnancy outcomes between nature and ovarian stimulation cycles in normal ovulation patients (P>0.05). Conclusion : Ovarian stimulation could significant increase pregnancy and live birth rate accompany with a higher abortion rate compared with nature cycles in intrauterine insemination treatment. Letrozole combined gonadotropins stimulation protocols showed higher pregnancy rates and live birth rate in comparison to natural cycle and other stimulation protocols. The ovary stimulation was failed to improve the pregnancy outcome of women who have good natural cycles. Nature cycles were still favorable to recommend for safety factors.
Soil microbiological indices of polluted soils of industrial belts of Jammu, India

The anthropogenic activities responsible for the contamination of soil ecosystem results deterioration of soil health that has become a matter of concern. The contamination of soils by heavy metals leads to negative influence on soil characteristics and limit its productive and environmental functions. Cadmium, copper and zinc are among those heavy metals that are being released to the environment (Roane and Pepper, 2000). Some heavy metals viz cobalt, chromium, nickel, iron , manganese and zinc have important role in the microbial metabolism and are involved in redox metabolism, enzymatic reactions, and regulating the osmotic balance (Hussein et al 2005) . Even at low concentrations of cadmium, mercury, lead etc are detrimental to the organisms However, at high levels both of the essential and non essential metals become toxic to the organisms. ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 3 Number 1 (2014) pp. 559-576 http://www.ijcmas. com
Effects of YogaFit® vs. Zumba® Gold on Cognitive Functioning in an Elderly Female Population

There is growing interest in interventions to lower the risk of cognitive decline in the aging process. The purpose of this study is to assess how Zumba ® Gold or YogaFit ® affect cognitive functioning in elderly adults. This research was designed to assess the benefits of these two interventions and determine which intervention might lead to greater improvement. Female participants age 65 to 91 years of age from Minot, North Dakota participated 30 minutes twice weekly for 12 weeks in either YogaFit ® or Zumba ® Gold classes. Cognitive functioning of participants was assessed pre-mid-post intervention. Significant improvements in cognitive functioning at mid and post assessment were found in both YogaFit ® and Zumba ® Gold participants. The results support that the growing body of evidence that physical activity, specifically YogaFit ® and Zumba ® Gold exercise, may contribute to improvements in cognitive functioning.
Effects of brewer ’ s spent grain on performance and protein digestibility in broiler chickens

Brewer's spent grain (BSG) is the main waste produc t from beer production in the most countries; it is often given away and/or used as feed for ruminants. The objecti v of this study was to evaluate the impact of a gr dual replacement of soybean meal with BSG on performance d protein digestibility in broiler chickens. Six diets were formulated in which 0, 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25% BSG re placed soybean meal. A total of 144 Ross-308 broile r chickens divided into 24 pens, and each experimental diet wa s fed to11-d-old broiler chickens kept in 4 pens. F eed intake, body weight gain and feed: gain ratio were determin ed for grower (11-24 d), finisher (25-42 d) phases and the overall period of breeding (11-42 d). The ileal pro tein digestibility was recorded on samples slaughte red at the termination of experiment (d 42), Feed utilization was affected by BSG inclusion only at finisher phas e (P<0.05). Feed intake value in control (0% BSG) and 5% BSG gr oups was greater than that in other groups. Body we ight gain in group fed diet with 25% BSG was less than others at grower phase, and feed efficiency was low for t his group (P<0.001). Feed: gain ratio was not affected by BSG inclusion at the finisher phase (24-42 d). The ile al digestibility values of protein were significantly increased by s ome levels of BSG inclusion (P<0.01). To conclude 2 0% inclusion of BSG at 11-24 d and 5% inclusion of BSG at 25-42 d supports acceptable performance in the broiler ch ickens.
Int. J. Biosci

Onion (Allium cepa L.) is one of the most important vegetables in the diet of Iranian people. Considering the importance of the organic crops production with high nutritional value, an experiment was conducted to study of the effect of mycorrhizal fungi on the antioxidant capacity of Onion (Allium cepa L.). Antioxidant activity of five cultivars of onion (Allium cepa L.) affected by mycorrhizal fungi were determined using ABTS, DPPH and FRAP assays (P≤ 0.01). Onion growth, mycorrhizal colonization rate, mineral nutrient concentrations and total flavonoid content were also quantified. Results indicate that inoculated plant was contained higher antioxidant activity than non-inoculated ones. The highest antioxidant activity was found in inoculated plants with Glomus versiforme. Results revealed that red cultivars namely Azarshahr and Rosita had higher antioxidant activity as compared to pink, yellow and white cultivars. Azarshahr cultivar contained highest antioxidant activity at 57.516±0.076, 57.266±0.016 and 7.617±0.012 (μM Ascorbic acid/g FW) for DPPH, ABTS and FRAP assays, respectively. The antioxidant activity of different cultivars of onion affected by mycorrhizal fungi showed the following order: red Azarshahr> red Rosita> yellow Gholi Ghesse> pink Horand> white Kashan. A significant positive correlation was obtained between ABTS, DPPH and FRAP assays ( P≤ 0.01). * Corresponding Author: M. Mollavali  mohannamollavali@yahoo.com International Journal of Biosciences | IJB | ISSN: 2220-6655 (Print) 2222-5234 (Online) http://www.innspub. net Vol. 6, No. 1, p. 66-79, 2015
EFFECT OF THREE DIFFERENT SEAWEED LIQUID FERTILIZERS AND A CHEMICAL LIQUID FERTILIZER ON THE GROWTH AND HISTOPATHOLOGICAL PARAMETERS OF EUDRILUS EUGENIAE (HAPLOTAXIDA: EUDRILIDAE)

The present study has a strong focus on the practical aspects of the effect of Seaweed liquid fertilizers (SLF) and Chemical liquid fertilizer (CLF) on the earthworms. The three different types of seaweeds such as Caulerpa scalpelliformis (Chlorophyta), Cheilosporum spectabile(Rhodophyta), Sargassum wightii (Phaeophyta) were taken. The earthworm Eudrilus eugeniae was reared in a cowdung based medium which was amended with a chemical liquid fertilizer and seaweed liquid fertilizer in two different concentrations such as 0.5% and 1% respectively. During the experiment, the growth rate of the earthworm, pH of the amended medium was analysed. The CLF sprayed earthworms showed decreased growth rate from 0 to 60 day but the SLF sprayed earthworms recorded increased growth rate. Among the three SLF, Sargassum wightii indicated highest growth rate 9.88±0.104 in 1% concentration on the 60 day. The pH value in the CLF amended medium was 8±0.1 in 0.5% concentration and 8.06±0.15 in 1% concentration on 0 day and it went down to 6.4±0.4 and 5.8±0.2 respectively in 0.5% and 1% concentration on 60 day. In SLF amended medium, the pH value slowly moved to neutral level. The histopathological studies were carried out in the gut region of Eudrilus eugeniae. In 0.5% concentration of CLF, the epithelial linings were fused and a chloragogen tissue layer was observed to be granulated whereas in 1% concentration of CLF, extravillous growth in the epithelial layer, pyknotic nuclei were found in many epithelial cells and the size of the chloragogen tissue layer was reduced with the nerve cord affected severely. But in SLF incorporated earthworm, the nerve cord was seen clearly and the chloragogen tissue was well developed and it appeared similar to the control.