Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Current Main Topics in Multiple Myeloma

Simple Summary In newly diagnosed multiple myeloma patients (NDMM) the introduction of three-drug, and recently, four-drug combinations allowed to reach response rates never seen before, leading to significantly improved PFS and OS. Long-term therapies play a key role in delaying or preventing relapses, but they are expensive and may cause significant toxicities. As a result, several ongoing trials are evaluating the possibility to intensify or de-intensify treatment based on minimal residual disease status, assessed by highly sensitive molecular or immunophenotypic methods. In relapsed/refractory patients (RRMM), especially those with advanced disease who become refractory to all available agents, new generation immunotherapies, such as conjugated monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), bispecific antibodies and CAR-T cells showed relevant results. In patients with high-risk cytogenetics, outcome remains poor and results from risk-adapted strategies are not yet available. Here we discuss the most recent issues regarding the management of MM, reporting the most up-to-date modalities of treatment and monitoring under evaluation. Abstract Multiple Myeloma (MM) remains a difficult to treat disease mainly due to its biological heterogeneity, of which we are more and more knowledgeable thanks to the development of increasingly sensitive molecular methods that allow us to build better prognostication models. The biological diversity translates into a wide range of clinical outcomes from long-lasting remission in some patients to very early relapse in others. In NDMM transplant eligible (TE) patients, the incorporation of mAb as daratumumab in the induction regimens, followed by autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) and consolidation/maintenance therapy, has led to a significant improvement of PFS and OS. ; however, this outcome remains poor in ultra-high risk MM or in those who did not achieve a minimal residual disease (MRD) negativity. Several trials are exploring cytogenetic risk-adapted and MRD-driven therapies in these patients. Similarly, quadruplets-containing daratumumab, particularly when administered as continuous therapies, have improved outcome of patients not eligible for autologous transplant (NTE). Patients who become refractory to conventional therapies have noticeably poor outcomes, making their treatment a difficult challenge in need of novel strategies. In this review, we will focus on the main points regarding risk stratification, treatment and monitoring of MM, highlighting the most recent evidence that could modify the management of this still incurable disease.
Behavior of lightweight-foamed soil reinforced by waste fishing net and its design guideline

Abstract Lightweight-foamed soils are promising new geomaterials that can be used when the lateral earth pressure and settlement need to be reduced. Lightweight-foamed soil typically consists of dredged soils, cement, and air foam. Extra additives could be used to enhance the performance of lightweight-foamed soils, and waste fishing nets are materials that can be used for tensile reinforcement of geomaterials. In this study, a waste fishing net was used in lightweight-foamed soil, and several laboratory tests were conducted to optimize the composition of lightweight-foamed soils in terms of water content, cement ratio, air foam ratio, and net type. A dredged soil in-situ was sampled to use and a waste fishing net was retreated for laboratory experiments. The waste fishing net cut into pieces and some were unthreaded. A form generator was used to produce air foam. The comprehensive evaluation of lightweight-foamed soil reinforced with waste fishing net was performed in terms of the sample preparation time, rheology, unit weight, and strength associated with lightweight-foamed soils. The results showed that lightweight-foamed soils reinforced with waste fishing net provided a peak strength similar with unreinforced one, but having higher critical strength. Finally, the normalized factor (NF) was used to develop a design guideline for lightweight-foamed soils.
Accuracy and Reliability of Computerized Surgical Planning Software in Anatomic Total Shoulder Arthroplasty

Purpose: The primary purpose of this study was to assess the concordance between preoperatively determined implant parameters using CT-based planning software and surgically implanted prostheses. Secondarily, we sought to evaluate the agreement between preoperative plans performed by surgeons at different levels of training. Methods: Patients with primary glenohumeral osteoarthritis who underwent anatomic total shoulder arthroplasty (aTSA) and had a preoperative CT scan according to Blueprint (Stryker, Mahwah, NJ) protocol to be used for preoperative planning were included. A cohort of short-stemmed (SS) and stemless cases performed between October 2017 and December 2018 was randomly selected from an institutional database for the study. Planning was performed separately by four observers at different levels of orthopedic training at a minimum of six months following the actual surgery. Concordance between the surgical decisions during planning and the actually utilized implants was calculated. Additionally, inter-rater agreement was analyzed using the intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC). Implant parameters assessed were glenoid size, backside radius of curvature, and the need for posterior augment, in addition to humeral stem/nucleus size, head size, head height, and head eccentricity. Results: Twenty-one patients were included (10 stemmed and 11 stemless) with a cohort comprising 12 (57%) females with a median age of 62 years (IQR 59.5,67). There was a total of 544 decision possibilities based on the above parameters. The total number of decisions that matched surgical data was 333 (61.2%). Prediction of glenoid component augmentation need and size was the variable that matched most with surgical data (83.3%), whereas nucleus/stem size was the worst (42.9%). Interobserver agreement was excellent in one variable, good in three variables, moderate in one, and poor in two. The best interobserver agreement was with regard to head height. Conclusion: Preoperative planning using CT-based software may be more accurate for the glenoid component when compared to humeral-sided parameters. Specifically, planning may be most helpful in determining the need and the size of glenoid component augmentation. Utilizing computerized software demonstrates high reliability, even among surgeons early in their orthopedic training.
N-Carbamoylputrescine Amidohydrolase of Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron, a Dominant Species of the Human Gut Microbiota

Polyamines are bioactive amines that play a variety of roles, such as promoting cell proliferation and protein synthesis, and the intestinal lumen contains up to several mM polyamines derived from the gut microbiota. In the present study, we conducted genetic and biochemical analyses of the polyamine biosynthetic enzyme N-carbamoylputrescine amidohydrolase (NCPAH) that converts N-carbamoylputrescine to putrescine, a precursor of spermidine in Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron, which is one of the most dominant species in the human gut microbiota. First, ncpah gene deletion and complemented strains were generated, and the intracellular polyamines of these strains cultured in a polyamine-free minimal medium were analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography. The results showed that spermidine detected in the parental and complemented strains was depleted in the gene deletion strain. Next, purified NCPAH-(His)6 was analyzed for enzymatic activity and found to be capable of converting N-carbamoylputrescine to putrescine, with a Michaelis constant (Km) and turnover number (kcat) of 730 µM and 0.8 s−1, respectively. Furthermore, the NCPAH activity was strongly (>80%) inhibited by agmatine and spermidine, and moderately (≈50%) inhibited by putrescine. This feedback inhibition regulates the reaction catalyzed by NCPAH and may play a role in intracellular polyamine homeostasis in B. thetaiotaomicron.
Downregulation of Sirtuin 1 Does Not Account for the Impaired Long-Term Potentiation in the Prefrontal Cortex of Female APPswe/PS1dE9 Mice Modelling Alzheimer’s Disease

Alzheimer’s disease (AD), which predominantly affects women, involves at its onset a metabolic deregulation associated with a synaptic failure. Here, we performed a behavioral, neurophysiological and neurochemical characterization of 9-month-old female APPswe/PS1dE9 (APP/PS1) mice as a model of early AD. These animals showed learning and memory deficits in the Morris water maze, increased thigmotaxis and anxiety-like behavior and showed signs of fear generalization. Long-term potentiation (LTP) was decreased in the prefrontal cortex (PFC), but not in the CA1 hippocampus or amygdala. This was associated with a decreased density of sirtuin-1 in cerebrocortical synaptosomes and a decreased density of sirtuin-1 and sestrin-2 in total cerebrocortical extracts, without alterations of sirtuin-3 levels or of synaptic markers (syntaxin, synaptophysin, SNAP25, PSD95). However, activation of sirtuin-1 did not affect or recover PFC-LTP deficit in APP/PS1 female mice; instead, inhibition of sirtuin-1 increased PFC-LTP magnitude. It is concluded that mood and memory dysfunction in 9-month-old female APP/PS1 mice is associated with a parallel decrease in synaptic plasticity and in synaptic sirtuin-1 levels in the prefrontal cortex, although sirtiun1 activation failed to restore abnormal cortical plasticity.
Incomplete HPV Vaccination among Individuals Aged 27–45 Years in the United States: A Mixed-Effect Analysis of Individual and Contextual Factors

Background: In the United States, the human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine is approved for use in individuals up to age 45. Individuals 15 years and older require three doses of the vaccine to complete the recommended dosing series. Incomplete HPV vaccination rates (i.e., one or two doses) among those over age 26, however, remain high. This study examined the independent effects of individual- and neighborhood-level factors on incomplete HPV vaccination rates in the United States (U.S.) among those aged 27–45 years. Methods: This retrospective cohort study used administrative data from Optum’s de-identified Clinformatics® Data Mart Database to identify individuals aged 27–45 years who received one or more doses of HPV vaccine between July 2019 and June 2022. Multilevel multivariable logistic regression models were applied to the data on 7662 individuals identified as being fully or partially vaccinated against HPV, nested within 3839 neighborhoods across the U.S. Results: Approximately half of the patients in this study (52.93%) were not completely vaccinated against HPV. After adjusting for all other covariates in the final model, being older than 30 years old decreased the odds of not completing the HPV vaccine series. Participants living in South-region neighborhoods of the U.S. had enhanced odds of not completing the vaccine series compared with those residing in Northeast-region neighborhoods (aOR 1.21; 95% CrI 1.03–1.42). There was significant clustering of incomplete HPV vaccination rates at the neighborhood level. Conclusions: This study revealed that individual- and neighborhood-level factors were associated with the risk of not completing the HPV vaccine series among individuals aged 27–45 years in the U.S. Interventions to improve HPV vaccination series completion rates for this age group should take into consideration both individual and contextual factors.
The Effect of Green Marketing Strategy on Firm’s Performance in the Context of Developing Country

Abstract This study investigated the effect of green marketing strategy on firm performance. To this end, the study involved 380 manufacturing firms and obtained data from marketing/production managers through structured questionnaire. Structural equation modeling was used to test the hypotheses of the research. The findings revealed that the green marketing strategy positively affects firm performance through competitive advantage. Moreover, green marketing strategy has a direct positive influence on firm performance indicating a partial mediation and lastly, the indirect effect of green marketing strategy on firm performance through competitive advantage is moderated by competitive intensity.
Changes in the Etiology of Acute Respiratory Infections among Children in Novosibirsk, Russia, between 2019 and 2022: The Impact of the SARS-CoV-2 Virus

A wide range of human respiratory viruses are known that may cause acute respiratory infections (ARIs), such as influenza A and B viruses (HIFV), respiratory syncytial virus (HRSV), coronavirus (HCoV), parainfluenza virus (HPIV), metapneumovirus (HMPV), rhinovirus (HRV), adenovirus (HAdV), bocavirus (HBoV), and others. The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) caused the COronaVIrus Disease (COVID) that lead to pandemic in 2019 and significantly impacted on the circulation of ARIs. The aim of this study was to analyze the changes in the epidemic patterns of common respiratory viruses among children and adolescents hospitalized with ARIs in hospitals in Novosibirsk, Russia, from November 2019 to April 2022. During 2019 and 2022, nasal and throat swabs were taken from a total of 3190 hospitalized patients 0–17 years old for testing for HIFV, HRSV, HCoV, HPIV, HMPV, HRV, HAdV, HBoV, and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) by real-time PCR. The SARS-CoV-2 virus dramatically influenced the etiology of acute respiratory infections among children and adolescents between 2019 and 2022. We observed dramatic changes in the prevalence of major respiratory viruses over three epidemic research seasons: HIFV, HRSV, and HPIV mainly circulated in 2019–2020; HMPV, HRV, and HCoV dominated in 2020–2021; and HRSV, SARS-CoV-2, HIFV, and HRV were the most numerous agents in 2021–2022. Interesting to note was the absence of HIFV and a significant reduction in HRSV during the 2020–2021 period, while HMPV was absent and there was a significant reduction of HCoV during the following epidemic period in 2021–2022. Viral co-infection was significantly more frequently detected in the 2020–2021 period compared with the other two epidemic seasons. Certain respiratory viruses, HCoV, HPIV, HBoV, HRV, and HAdV, were registered most often in co-infections. This cohort study has revealed that during the pre-pandemic and pandemic periods, there were dramatic fluctuations in common respiratory viruses registered among hospitalized patients 0–17 years old. The most dominant virus in each research period differed: HIFV in 2019–2020, HMPV in 2020–2021, and HRSV in 2021–2022. Virus–virus interaction was found to be possible between SARS-CoV-2 and HRV, HRSV, HAdV, HMPV, and HPIV. An increase in the incidence of COVID-19 was noted only during the third epidemic season (January to March 2022).
Simultaneous Planning and Execution for Safe Flight of Quadrotors Suffering One Rotor Loss and Disturbance

Safety is crucial for quadrotor flight, especially when the system suffers one rotor loss and disturbance. To enable quadrotors to survive in these worst cases, this article proposes a simultaneous planning and execution (SPAE) system strategy. First, the Euler angles under different equilibrium states are solved to ensure the feasibility of the control input when the quadrotors encounter rotor loss and disturbance. Based on the admissible Euler angle solutions, an emergency control strategy is proposed to realize desired angles by recalculating the desired trajectory and the disturbance observer. Meanwhile, this control strategy sacrifices the yaw angle control to handle further underactuation of the system caused by complete rotor failure. In addition to rotor losses, unsafe flight caused by actuator saturation is considered in the SPAE strategy, where the planning and execution are simultaneous. As a decision-maker, the planning considers the current disturbances and constraints of actuators, then generates a feasible trajectory for the controller execution. As an executor of the decision, the controller feedback estimated disturbance information to the trajectory planning, which can help trajectory planning make admissible decisions consistent with the current situation. As a result, the actuator saturation caused by the underestimation of disturbance can be avoided under a feasible regenerated trajectory. Extensive simulations and experiments prove the validity of the proposed SPAE strategy.
Effect of chlorhexidine gluconate on dentin carious lesion in vitro

Objective:The purpose of this study were to compare mean mineral density(MMD) and examine the remineralized pattern of carious dentin after cavity disinfectant with chlorhexidine gluconate (CHX) and restore with H-GIC in vitro. Materials and Methods: Selective caries removal to leathery dentin was performed in forty extracted primary molars. The samples were scanned using micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) as the MMD baseline and randomly divided into 4 groups: Group A (n=10) applied dentin conditioner and restored with H-GIC (Equia Forte™), Group B (n=10) disinfected the cavity with 2% CHX for 1 minute before applied dentin conditioner and restored with H-GIC (Equia Forte™), Group C (n=10) restored with H-GIC (Ketac Universal™) and Group D (n=10) disinfected the cavity with 2% CHX for 1 minute before restored with H-GIC (Ketac Universal™). After restoration, all samples were scanned micro-CT as the MMD after restoration. All samples were subjected to pH cycling process for 14 days and scanned micro-CT as the MMD after pH cycling. One sample from each group was randomly selected to analyze by the scanned electron microscope (SEM). Results: The comparison of MMD gain after restoration among 4 groups was a significant difference between EquiaTM and CHX-KetacTM group (oneway ANOVA with Post hoc (Tukey) test, P = 0.045). Group A: the MMD gain after restoration (±SD) was 88.81 (±59.857), group B; 168.29 (±100.899), group C; 165.54 (±72.366) and group D; 183.00 (±73.096) mgHA/ccm. Moreover, there was a significant difference of the MMD gain after restoration between EquiaTM and CHX-EquiaTM group (Independent t-test, P = 0.046). But between KetacTM and CHX-KetacTM group, there was no difference. From SEM, CHX-KetacTM group had the smallest dentinal tubule orifices and the thickest intertubular dentin among 4 groups. CHX-EquiaTM group had thicker intertubular dentin than EquiaTM group. Conclusion: The groups with 2% CHX as a cavity disinfectant had higher MMD gain and thicker intertubular dentin than non-CHX group. Therefore, the application of 2% CHX on demineralization dentin enhances the remineralization of contacted dentin underneath the restoration.
Characterization of Pseudofusicoccum Species from Diseased Plantation-Grown Acacia mangium, Eucalyptus spp., and Pinus massoniana in Southern China

Fungi from Pseudofusicoccum (Phyllostictaceae, Botryosphaeriales) have been reported as pathogens, endophytes, or saprophytes from various woody plants in different countries. Recently, Botryosphaeriales isolates were obtained from the dead twigs of Acacia mangium, Eucalyptus spp. , Pinus massoniana, and Cunninghamia lanceolata in Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan, and Fujian Provinces in southern China. This study aimed to understand the diversity, distribution, and virulence of these Pseudofusicoccum species on these trees. A total of 126 Pseudofusicoccum isolates were obtained, and the incidences of Pseudofusicoccum (percentage of trees that yielded Pseudofusicoccum) on A. mangium, P. massoniana, Eucalyptus spp. , and C. lanceolata were 21%, 2.6%, 0.5%, and 0%, respectively. Based on the internal transcribed spacer (ITS), translation elongation factor 1-alpha (tef1), and β-tubulin (tub2) loci, 75% of the total isolates were identified as P. kimberleyense, and the remaining isolates were identified as P. violaceum. For P. kimberleyense, the majority of isolates (83%) were from A. mangium, and the rest were from P. massoniana (14%) and Eucalyptus spp. (3%). Similarly, the proportion of isolates of P. violaceum from A. mangium, P. massoniana, and Eucalyptus spp. were 84%, 13%, and 3%, respectively. Inoculation trials showed that the two species produced expected lesions on the tested seedlings of A. mangium, E. urophylla × E. grandis, and P. elliottii. This study provides fundamental information on Pseudofusicoccum associated with diseases in main plantations in southern China.
Experimental Study of Unsteady Effects in Shock Wave / Turbulent Boundary Layer Interaction

The paper deals with experimental study of unsteady effects in shock wave / boundary layer interactions. The experiments were performed in wind tunnel T-325 of ITAM for M=2 and Re1 = 10.5·10 6 m -1 . Incident shock wave generated by a wedge induced separation of the turbulent boundary layer developed on the flat plate. Mean flow and pulsation measurements were performed by HWA. It was found that lowfrequency oscillations of the reflected shock wave produce a vortex layer developing above separation bubble. This vortex shedding is connected to excursion of the shock wave and influence the flow in the wake and boundary layer recovery.
The effect of low lobe count chevron nozzles on supersonic jet screech

An experimental study was conducted into the fluid and aeroacoustic properties of jets issuing from nozzles with two or four chevrons. Flow visualisation in the form of schlieren imaging was utilised to investigate the general change in jet structure. Schlieren imaging revealed a highly asymmetric flow field produced by the azimuthal asymmetry at the nozzle lip. The shock structures within the flow were significantly altered in both symmetry and spacing by the introduction of chevrons. A spatial two-point correlation was used to classify the dominant azimuthal instability mode produced by each of the respective nozzles. It was found that the two-lobe nozzle favoured a lateral flapping mode towards the chevron sides of the nozzle. The four-lobe nozzle, when coherent structures were visible, produced a mode somewhat more difficult to classify, being either a helical mode or a multi-axial flapping mode. A complex relationship was observed between the range of pressure ratios over which strong screech tones are evident, and the number of lobes. The two-lobe nozzle provided screech suppression below a nozzle pressure ratio of 2.7, but directional screech amplification at higher pressures. The four-lobe nozzle provided less screech amelioration at low pressures, but eliminated the screech tone entirely for most other pressures studied. The flapping oscillation of the two-lobe nozzle produced a highly asymmetric acoustic field. The four-lobe nozzle produced a relatively symmetric acoustic field.