Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Data-Driven Structural Health Monitoring Using Feature Fusion and Hybrid Deep Learning

Smart structural health monitoring (SHM) for large-scale infrastructure is an intriguing subject for engineering communities thanks to its significant advantages such as timely damage detection, optimal maintenance strategy, and reduced resource requirement. Yet, it is a challenging topic as it requires handling a large amount of collected sensors data continuously, which is inevitably contaminated by random noises. Therefore, this study developed a practical end-to-end framework that makes use of physical features embedded in raw data and an elaborated hybrid deep learning model, namely 1-DCNN-LSTM, featuring two algorithms—convolutional neural network (CNN) and long-short term memory (LSTM). In order to extract relevant features from sensory data, the method combines various signal processing techniques such as the autoregressive model, discrete wavelet transform, and empirical mode decomposition. The hybrid deep learning 1-DCNN-LSTM is designed based on the CNN’s capacity of capturing local information and the LSTM network’s prominent ability to learn long-term dependencies. Through three case studies involving both experimental and synthetic data sets, it is demonstrated that the proposed approach achieves highly accurate damage detection, as accurate as the powerful 2-D CNN, but with a lower time and memory complexity, making it suitable for real-time SHM. Note to Practitioners—This article aims to develop a practical data-driven method for automatically monitoring the operational state of structures. In order to achieve consistently and highly accurate results in performing different tasks for diverse structures, we combine underlying features in both time and frequency domains extracted from measured signal vibration data. Three popular data featuring methods are combined to achieve the diversity gain which would not be possible with each individual method. As the vibration is usually measured by long time-series signals, the most efficient deep learning architecture for time-series signal, namely long-short term memory (LSTM), is considered for this work. Besides, each structure has its own dynamic properties, i.e., eigenfrequencies, around which the most relevant information is in the frequency domain, thus convolutional neural network specifically designed for capturing local information is used in combination with LSTM, forming a hybrid deep learning architecture. The applicability and effectiveness of the proposed approach are supported by three case studies with different types of structures, showing highly accurate damage detection with reduced resource requirements. These advantages can be valuable for developing a model for live monitoring of structural health in the future life-line infrastructures.
Future changes in growing degree days of wheat crop in Pakistan as simulated in CORDEX South Asia experiments

Climate change has become a global phenomenon having severe ramifications on socio-economic sectors such as agriculture, water resources, environment and health. The effects of changing climate are much more prominent on developing economies as compared to the implications on well-developed industrial powers. Pakistan is one of the struggling agricultural economies confronting the issues of food insecurity as a consequence of profound climatic conditions. Notable changes in climatic factors such as temperature can have a direct effect on Growing Degree Days (GDD) and may alter the growing season length (GSL). Growing season length is an important factor in ensuring that each crop developmental stage has a sufficient period for the transition to the next developmental stage. Lengthening or shortening of GSL can have dire threats to crop development and ultimately, production. This study has been conducted to assess the changes in GSL in response to the variability in daily maximum and minimum temperatures with a base temperature of 5°C across Northern, Central and Southern Pakistan. RCP 4.5 and 8.5 have shown an increase of 2°C and 5.4°C in minimum and maximum temperatures, respectively. ABStRACt INStRuCtION: SEt thE StARt PAgE OF thIS ARtIClE BElOw. ENSuRE PARAgRAPh StylE “MEtA__FIRSt-PAgE” IS uSED.
Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning Based Resource Management in MEC- and UAV-Assisted Vehicular Networks

In this paper, we investigate multi-dimensional resource management for unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) assisted vehicular networks. To efficiently provide on-demand resource access, the macro eNodeB and UAV, both mounted with multi-access edge computing (MEC) servers, cooperatively make association decisions and allocate proper amounts of resources to vehicles. Since there is no central controller, we formulate the resource allocation at the MEC servers as a distributive optimization problem to maximize the number of offloaded tasks while satisfying their heterogeneous quality-of-service (QoS) requirements, and then solve it with a multi-agent deep deterministic policy gradient (MADDPG)-based method. Through centrally training the MADDPG model offline, the MEC servers, acting as learning agents, then can rapidly make vehicle association and resource allocation decisions during the online execution stage. From our simulation results, the MADDPG-based method can converge within 200 training episodes, comparable to the single-agent DDPG (SADDPG)-based one. Moreover, the proposed MADDPG-based resource management scheme can achieve higher delay/QoS satisfaction ratios than the SADDPG-based and random schemes.
Eddy correlation measurements of size-dependent cloud droplet turbulent fluxes to complex terrain

An eddy correlation technique was used to measure the turbulent flux of cloud droplets to complex, forested terrain near the coast of Washington State during the spring of 1993. Excellent agreement was achieved for cloud liquid water content measured by two instruments. Substantial downward liquid water fluxes of ∼ 1 mm per 24 h were measured at night during “steady and continuous” cloud events, about twice the magnitude of those measured by Beswick et al. in Scotland. Cloud water chemical fluxes were estimated to represent up to 50% of the chemical deposition associated with precipitation at the site. An observed size-dependence in the turbulent liquid water fluxes suggested that both droplet impaction, which leads to downward fluxes, and phase change processes, which can lead to upward fluxes, consistently are important contributors to the eddy correlation results. The diameter below which phase change processes were important to observed fluxes was shown to depend upon σ L / L , the relative standard deviation of the liquid water content (LWC) within a 30-min averaging period. The crossover from upward to downward LW flux occurs at 8 µ m for steady and continuous cloud events but at ∼ 13 µ m for events with a larger degree of LWC variability. This comparison of the two types of cloud events suggested that evaporation was the most likely cause of upward droplet fluxes for the smaller droplets (dia 0.3). DOI: 10.1034/j.1600-0889.47. issue3.5. x
Potential of Carbon Dioxide Biosequestration of Saline–Sodic Soils during Amelioration under Rice–Wheat Land Use

Potential for carbon dioxide (CO2) biosequestration was determined during the reclamation of highly saline–sodic soils (Aridisols) after rice (2003) and wheat (2003–2004) crops at two sites in District Faisalabad, Pakistan. Two treatments were assessed: T1, tube-well brackish water only; and T2, soil-applied gypsum at 25% soil gypsum requirement + tube-well brackish water. The irrigation water used at both sites had different levels of salinity (EC 3.9–4.5 dS m−1), sodicity (SAR 21.7–28.8), and residual sodium carbonate (14.9 mmolc L−1). Composite soil samples were collected from soil depths of 0–15 and 15–30 cm at presowing and postharvest stages and analyzed for pH, ECe, and sodium adsorption ratio (SAR). After rice harvest, there was no significant effect of gypsum application on ECe, pH, and SAR at both sites, except pH at 0–15 cm depth decreased significantly with gypsum at site 1. After wheat harvest, ECe, pH, and SAR decreased significantly with gypsum at site 1, whereas the effect of gypsum on these parameters was not significant at site 2. Compared to initial soil, ECe and SAR in soil decreased considerably after rice or wheat cultivation, particularly at site 1, whereas pH increased slightly due to cultivation of these crops. For rice, the total CO2 sequestration was significantly increased with gypsum application at both sites and ranged from 1499 to 2801 kg ha−1. The total sequestration of CO2 was also significantly increased with gypsum application in wheat at both sites and ranged from 2230 to 3646 kg ha−1. The amounts of CO2 sequestered by crops due to gypsum application were related to seed and straw yield responses of rice and wheat to gypsum, which were greater at site 1 than site 2. Also, the yield response to applied gypsum was greater for rice than wheat at site 1, whereas the opposite was true at site 2. Overall, the combined application of gypsum with brackish water reduced soil ECe and SAR compared to brackish water alone, particularly at site 1. Our findings also suggest that the reclamation strategies should be site specific, depending on soil type and quality of brackish water used for irrigation of crops. In conclusion, the use of gypsum is recommended on brackish water–irrigated salt-prone soils to improve their quality, and for enhancing C biosequestration and crop production for efficient resource management.
Molecular diagnosis and genotyping of Chlamydia psittaci in captive psittacines and their owners in the middle province of Iran

Chlamydia psittaci (C. psittaci) is an avian pathogen which its clinical symptoms of the disease may be varies from asymptomatic to several clinical symptoms, which include: conjunctivitis, an inflammation of the lining of the nose (rhinitis), sinusitis, diarrhea (dehydration), respiratory distress, yellow-green urine, loss of appetite, which may cause respiratory disorders in humans. Oropharyngeal(owner and birds) and cloacal (birds) swabs were taken from 54 captive psittacine birds and their owners who attended to veterinary clinics in Isfahan (Totally 108 samples). To study the prevalence of C. psittaci in captive birds and their owners using molecular detection assay (PCR),samples were collected during 2014 from a total of 10 various species of parrots. C. psittaci was identified in four species of birds (40%). Sequencing was performed to confirm the PCR positive results, demonstrating that all positive samples of C. psittaci belonged to genotype A, representing the first report of the presence of this genotype in Iran. The determination of this bacterium in captive psittacine birds presents that there is a potential risk for owners who live or have direct contact with them and that there is a feasibility of infecting other birds and humans.
Studies on Nickel(II) Complexes with Amide‐Based Ligands: Syntheses, Structures, Electrochemistry and Oxidation Chemistry

The present work discusses the nickel chemistry in a set of amide-based open-chain ligands with subtle differences in the backbone or terminal amine substituents. The ligands coordinate to the Ni2+ ion through the Namide and Namine atoms maintaining a square-planar geometry. Absorption spectra and NMR studies reveal that the solid-state square-planar geometry is retained in solution. The electrochemical results suggest that the NiIII/NiII redox couple primarily depends on the N4 donors, which is composed of two Namide and twoNamine atoms and not on the peripheral substituents. All four ligands with variable backbone and substituents are equally competent in stabilizing the NiIII state. On the basis of electrochemical findings, chemical oxidations were carried out, and they reveal generation of the NiIII state in two cases, whereas decomposition was observed in others. Preliminary alkene epoxidation reactions suggest that the present nickel complexes transiently stabilize the higher oxidation state of the nickel ion that possibly participates in the oxidation of the substrates. (© Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
Gaussian‐1 theory: A general procedure for prediction of molecular energies

A general procedure is developed for the computation of the total energies of molecules at their equilibrium geometries. Ab initio molecular orbital theory is used to calculate electronic energies by a composite method, utilizing large basis sets (including diffuse‐sp, double‐d and f‐polarization functions) and treating electron correlation by Mo/ller–Plesset perturbation theory and by quadratic configuration interaction. The theory is also used to compute zero‐point vibrational energy corrections. Total atomization energies for a set of 31 molecules are found to agree with experimental thermochemical data to an accuracy greater than 2 kcal mol−1 in most cases. Similar agreement is achieved for ionization energies, electron and proton affinities. Residual errors are assessed for the total energies of neutral atoms.
An Analysis of Consumers’ Internal Perception of Soup and Sauce using ZMET

There is a growing global interest in food choices that could affect health. Consumer food choices are dictated by numerous factors such as attitudes, beliefs, desires and preferences stemming from psychological and physiological attributes. The present study aimed to understand consumers’ internal perceptions about cream soup, cream sauce, and tomato sauce using ZMET (Zaltman’s Metaphor Elicitation Technique). The 9 step ZMET interview process was conducted for a sample of 36 consumers (12 consumers for each sauce). A content analysis of the survey results was carried out. From this, 56 concepts of cream soup were derived, and 15 constructs that met with the agreement of more than one-third of the total sample consumers were extracted. These 15 constructs included ‘Soft’, ‘Recollection’, ‘Familiar’, ‘Warm’, ‘Comfortable’, etc. Similarly, for cream sauce, 67 concepts and 20 constructs ‘Silky’, ‘Warm’, ‘Restaurant’, ‘Family’, ‘Memory’, etc. were deduced. A total of 66 concepts and 20 constructs for tomato sauce ‘Sourness’, ‘Sauce Bottle’, ‘Pleasant’, ‘Ingredient’, ‘Cooking’, etc. were derived. The analysis of consumers’ consensus maps through this study provides a deep and useful understanding of consumers and their latent needs. Also, the results of this study indicate that exploring consumers’ internal perceptions is critical to understanding their healthy food choices. This can be used as basic data for formulating marketing strategies.
Negative-ion surface production in hydrogen plasmas: modeling of negative-ion energy distribution functions and comparison with experiments

A negatively biased graphite sample (highly oriented pyrolitic graphite) was placed in a H2 low-pressure plasma. The negative ions were produced on the graphite surface upon positive-ion bombardment. Surface-produced H− negative-ion distribution functions (NIDFs) were measured by means of an energy-resolved mass spectrometer. The shapes of the recorded NIDFs depend not only on the surface production mechanisms but also on the negative-ion trajectories in the plasma and their collection probability by the mass spectrometer. In order to gain an insight into the surface production mechanisms, NIDFs were computed using Stopping and Range of Ions in Matter simulations and calculations of the ion transmission function between the sample and the mass spectrometer detector. The calculations were based on 3D modeling of the sheath potential in the extraction region and 3D modeling of ion transport inside the mass spectrometer. The excellent agreement between experiments and computations led to a better understanding of the experimental NIDFs. The method developed in this work to study H-surface production on graphite can be generalized to any other negative ions and/or surface material.
Granular Activated Carbon Adsorption of 2-Methylisoborneol (MIB): Pilot- and Laboratory-Scale Evaluations

Pilot- and laboratory-scale granular activated carbon (GAC) studies were conducted to determine the extent of 2-methylisoborneol (MIB) removal from two conventionally treated waters. Two different GACs were evaluated, a wood-based carbon and a coal-based carbon. Greater MIB removal was observed with the wood-based GAC which contradicts previous studies using the powdered forms of the carbons. Equilibrium and kinetic parameters were derived from laboratory-scale adsorption isotherm and short bed adsorber (SBA) experiments, respectively, and used to describe the adsorption of MIB. However, the derived parameters were unable to accurately predict the removal of MIB in the pilot-scale columns using the homogenous surface diffusion model. This suggested that there were inherent limitations with the SBA experiments, in particular, the small volume of GAC and high filtration rates employed. Larger laboratory column experiments were shown to accurately simulate the pilot-scale columns. Adsorption still played a v.
A New Non-Orthogonal Transceiver for Asynchronous Grant-Free Transmission Systems

The grant-free non-orthogonal multiple access (GF-NOMA) system, in which users autonomously transmit uplink data signals without carrying out a complicated random access process, offers significant advantages for increasing the efficiency of resource usage with low signaling overhead. In the proposed GF-NOMA system, since the collision resolution process is omitted and resources are not pre-assigned to users, multiple users may use same resource, without the base station (BS) being able to identify these collided users. In addition, in the absence of the UL synchronization procedure generally performed in the random access process, multiple users’ signals are received asynchronously. To solve these problems, we have developed a new transceiver structure for the GF-NOMA system consisting of a secondary preamble and a multiuser-multisymbol (MUMS) detector. The purpose of the secondary preamble is to successfully detect user access and estimate channel information even when no collision resolution process is being performed. The MUMS receiver is then proposed as a way to effectively mitigate the severe interference caused by the asynchronous transmission. Simulation results show that the proposed preamble structure and the receiver structure are superior to the conventional schemes. Furthermore, we show that the GF-NOMA system with the proposed transceiver structure achieves much better performance than other GF-NOMA systems in terms of reliability and successfully detected bits.
Conformational editing of intrinsically disordered protein by α-methylation

Intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) constitute a large portion of “Dark Proteome” – difficult to characterize or yet to be discovered protein structures. Here we used conformationally constrained α-methylated amino acids to bias the conformational ensemble in the free unstructured activation domain of transcriptional coactivator ACTR. Different sites and patterns of substitutions were enabled by chemical protein synthesis and led to distinct populations of α-helices. A specific substitution pattern resulted in a substantially higher binding affinity to nuclear coactivator binding domain (NCBD) of CREB-binding protein, a natural binding partner of ACTR. The first X-ray structure of the modified ACTR domain - NCBD complex visualized a unique conformation of ACTR and confirmed that the key α-methylated amino acids are localized within α-helices in the bound state. This study demonstrates a strategy for characterization of individual conformational states of IDPs.
Effect of Phytoplasma Infection on Primary and Secondary Metabolites andAntioxidative Enzyme Activities of Sweet Orange (Citrus sinenses L.)

Sweet orange (Citrus sinensis L.) is one of the most economically important citrus crops in the world and is the most commonly grown citrus fruit in the world. Nonetheless, its production is constantly threatened by pathogens that cause considerable economic losses and severe social impacts including phytoplasma. Phytoplasma is an emerging threat to sweet orange production which leads to severe yield losses worldwide. Phytoplasmas are phloem-limited pleomorphic bacteria, mainly transmitted through leafhoppers but also by plant propagation materials and seeds. This study aimed to evaluate the biochemical alterations in sweet orange plant as a response to phytoplasma infection. Phytoplasma-infected plants in this study, showed symptoms, such as yellowing of leaves, stunted and rolled foliage, unripened shoots and fruits, stunted roots or plant and “witches' broom”. Nested PCR confirmed the presence of phytoplasma in all the infected plants. Primary metabolites including chlorophyll a, b and total chlorophyll contents were significantly reduced. Meanwhile, carotenoid, proline and soluble protein were increased while soluble sugar, hydrogen peroxide and malondialdehyde were decreased in phytoplasma-infected plants. The secondary metabolites including phenolics, glycine betaine and anthocyanin were increased while ascorbic acid was decreased in the phytoplasma-infected plants. The activities of the antioxidative enzymes: ascorbate peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, catalase, and peroxidase activities were increased in phytoplasma-infected plants. On the basis of comparing our findings with previous reports, it is clear that the responses of host plants to phytoplasma infection are complex and may vary among plants.
Physical activity and mental health in caregivers of mental ill patients in Greece

The present study is one of the first attempts to examine the connection of physical activity with the mental health of people that care for family members with mental illness. Caregiving is a load with negative effects on well-being but caring for a family member with mental illness results to a higher psychological burden, due to other factors involved (i.e. stigma). Physical activity and exercise have been found to be variables that lead to better quality of life for caregivers in many chronic illnesses. The participants of the study were 300 caregivers of patients with mental illness – family members (96 men, 204 women) of a mean age 60.64 (±10.08) years old. They were administered the Leisure Time Physical Activity questionnaire and according to their responses, they were divided in two groups: physically active and sedentary. Mental health was assessed using the DASS 21 questionnaire, with three subscales: depression, anxiety and stress. According to the results of the one-way MANOVA, physically active caregivers had a better score than their sedentary counterparts on all three DASS 21 subscales: anxiety (p < .001), stress (p < .01), depressive symptoms (p < .001). According to the results, physical activity and exercise of even low intensity, seems to play an important role on caregivers’ mental health by leading to reduced stress, anxiety and depressive symptoms. Although more research is needed in this area, it seems that physical activity interventions should be considered as an additional type of support offered to caregivers of mental ill patients.
Factors Affecting Debt Maturity Structure: Evidence from Listed Enterprises in Vietnam

This paper analyzes factors affecting the debt maturity structure of enterprises listed on the Vietnam stock market. The panel data of research sample includes 549 non-financial listed enterprises on the Vietnam stock market from 2009 to 2019. The Generalized Least Square (GLS) tool is employed to address econometric issues and to improve the accuracy of the regression coefficients. In this research, debt maturity structure is the dependent variable. Capital structures, fixed assets, liquidity, firm size, asset maturity, profitability, corporate income tax, gross domestic product, inflation rate, credit growth scale are independent variables in the study. The model results show, that among the factors affecting the structure of debt maturity, the capital structure, asset structure