Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Elesclomol induces copper‐dependent ferroptosis in colorectal cancer cells via degradation of ATP7A

Cancer cells reprogram their copper metabolism to adapt to adverse microenvironments, such as oxidative stress. The copper chelator elesclomol has been reported to have considerable anticancer efficacy, but the underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown. In this study, we found that elesclomol‐mediated copper overload inhibits colorectal cancer (CRC) both in vitro and in vivo. Elesclomol alone promotes the degradation of the copper transporter copper‐transporting ATPase 1 (ATP7A), which retards the proliferation of CRC cells. This property distinguishes it from several other copper chelators. Combinational treatment of elesclomol and copper leads to copper retention within mitochondria due to ATP7A loss, leading to reactive oxygen species accumulation, which in turn promotes the degradation of SLC7A11, thus further enhancing oxidative stress and consequent ferroptosis in CRC cells. This effect accounts for the robust antitumour activity of elesclomol against CRC, which can be reversed by the administration of antioxidants and ferroptosis inhibitors, as well as the overexpression of ATP7A. In summary, our findings indicate that elesclomol‐induced copper chelation inhibits CRC by targeting ATP7A and regulating ferroptosis.
A case report on ventrolateral herniorrhaphy in sheep: The novel way of using vest‐over‐pants closure technique

Abstract Objectives To describe the surgical management of ventrolateral hernias by using the vest‐over‐pants closure technique. Animals On two local breed sheep that were kept under an extensive management system. Study design Case report. Study methods Patient history and clinical findings, diagnosis, and treatment. Outcomes After frequent follow‐up and well post‐operative care, the patient were recovered. Conclusion The herniorrhaphy and closure performed in both sheep were highly successful and effective in apposing hernial ring by maintaining equal tensions with minimal wound dehiscence, unlike other closure techniques.
Persistence of the “Moving Things Are Alive” Heuristic into Adulthood: Evidence from EEG

Although a growing number of studies indicate that simple strategies, intuitions, or cognitive shortcuts called heuristics can persistently interfere with scientific reasoning in physics and chemistry, the persistence of heuristics related to learning biology is less known. In this study, we investigate the persistence of the “moving things are alive” heuristic into adulthood with 28 undergraduate students who were asked to select between two images, one of which one represented a living thing, while their electroencephalographic signals were recorded. Results show that N2 and LPP event-related potential components, often associated with tasks requiring inhibitory control, are higher in counterintuitive trials (i.e., in trials including moving things not alive or nonmoving things alive) compared with intuitive ones. To our knowledge, these findings represent the first neurocognitive evidence that the “moving things are alive” heuristic persists into adulthood and that overcoming this heuristic might require inhibitory control. Potential implications for life science education are discussed.
ID LearnIng UnIts for non-ID specIaLIsts Open Forum Infectious Diseases

ID LEARNING UNITS FOR NON-ID SPECIALISTS • ofid • 1 Received 25 March 2021; editorial decision 6 June 2021; accepted 15 June 2021. Correspondence: Nicky Mehtani, MD, MPH, 995 Potrero Ave., 6th Floor, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA (nicky.mehtani@ucsf.edu). Open Forum Infectious Diseases2021 © The Author(s) 2021. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Infectious Diseases Society of America. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs licence (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/ by-nc-nd/4.0/), which permits non-commercial reproduction and distribution of the work, in any medium, provided the original work is not altered or transformed in any way, and that the work is properly cited. For commercial re-use, please contact journals.permissions@oup.com https://doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofab319 Infectious Diseases Learning Unit: Understanding Advances in the Treatment of Latent Tuberculosis Infection Among People With Human Immunodeficiency Virus
Population structure, genomic diversity and demographic history of Komodo dragons inferred from whole‐genome sequencing

Population and conservation genetics studies have greatly benefited from the development of new techniques and bioinformatic tools associated with next‐generation sequencing. Analysis of extensive data sets from whole‐genome sequencing of even a few individuals allows the detection of patterns of fine‐scale population structure and detailed reconstruction of demographic dynamics through time. In this study, we investigated the population structure, genomic diversity and demographic history of the Komodo dragon (Varanus komodoensis), the world's largest lizard, by sequencing the whole genomes of 24 individuals from the five main Indonesian islands comprising the entire range of the species. Three main genomic groups were observed. The populations of the Island of Komodo and the northern coast of Flores, in particular, were identified as two distinct conservation units. Degrees of genomic divergence among island populations were interpreted as a result of changes in sea level affecting connectivity across islands. Demographic inference suggested that Komodo dragons probably experienced a relatively steep population decline over the last million years, reaching a relatively stable Ne during the Saalian glacial cycle (400–150 thousand years ago) followed by a rapid Ne decrease. Genomic diversity of Komodo dragons was similar to that found in endangered or already extinct reptile species. Overall, this study provides an example of how whole‐genome analysis of a few individuals per population can help define population structure and intraspecific demographic dynamics. This is particularly important when applying population genomics data to conservation of rare or elusive endangered species.
Twelve-Month Systemic Consequences of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Patients Discharged From Hospital: A Prospective Cohort Study in Wuhan, China

Abstract Background Follow-up study of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) survivors has rarely been reported. We aimed to investigate longitudinal changes in the characteristics of COVID-19 survivors after discharge. Methods A total of 594 COVID-19 survivors discharged from Tongji Hospital in Wuhan from February 10 to April 30, 2020 were included and followed up until May 17, 2021. Laboratory and radiological findings, pulmonary function tests, electrocardiogram, symptoms and signs were analyzed. Results 257 (51.2%) patients had at least one symptom at 3 months post-discharge, which decreased to 169 (40.0%) and 138 (28.4%) at 6-month and 12-month visit respectively. During follow-up period, insomnia, chest tightness, and fatigue were the most prevalent symptoms. Most laboratory parameters returned to normal, whereas increased incidence of abnormal liver and renal function and cardiovascular injury was evidenced after discharge. Fibrous stripes (213; 42.4%), pleural thickening and adhesions (188; 37.5%) and enlarged lymph nodes (120; 23.9%) were the most common radiographical findings at 3 months post-discharge. The abnormalities of pulmonary function included obstructive, restrictive, and mixed, which were 5.5%, 4.0%, 0.9% at 6 months post, and 1.9%, 4.7%, 0.2% at 12 months. Electrocardiogram abnormalities occurred in 256 (51.0%) patients at 3 months post-discharge, including arrhythmia, ST-T change and conduction block, which increased to 258 (61.1%) cases at 6-month visit and were maintained at high frequency (242;49.8%) at 12-month visit. Conclusions Physiological, laboratory, radiological, or electrocardiogram abnormalities, particularly those related to renal, cardiovascular, and liver functions are common in patients who recovered from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) up to 12 months post-discharge.
SARS‐CoV‐2 and the brain: A review of the current knowledge on neuropathology in COVID‐19

SARS‐CoV‐2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2), the new coronavirus responsible for the pandemic disease in the last year, is able to affect the central nervous system (CNS). Compared with its well‐known pulmonary tropism and respiratory complications, little has been studied about SARS‐CoV‐2 neurotropism and pathogenesis of its neurological manifestations, but also about postmortem histopathological findings in the CNS of patients who died from COVID‐19 (coronavirus disease 2019). We present a systematic review, carried out according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review standards, of the neuropathological features of COVID‐19. We found 21 scientific papers, the majority of which refer to postmortem examinations; the total amount of cases is 197. Hypoxic changes are the most frequently reported alteration of brain tissue, followed by ischemic and hemorrhagic lesions and reactive astrogliosis and microgliosis. These findings do not seem to be specific to SARS‐CoV‐2 infection, they are more likely because of systemic inflammation and coagulopathy caused by COVID‐19. More studies are needed to confirm this hypothesis and to detect other possible alterations of neural tissue. Brain examination of patients dead from COVID‐19 should be included in a protocol of standardized criteria to perform autopsies on these subjects.
Recovery of Blood Flow From Undersampled Photoacoustic Microscopy Data Using Sparse Modeling

Photoacoustic microscopy (PAM) leverages the optical absorption contrast of blood hemoglobin for high-resolution, multi-parametric imaging of the microvasculature <italic>in vivo</italic>. However, to quantify the blood flow speed, dense spatial sampling is required to assess blood flow-induced loss of correlation of sequentially acquired A-line signals, resulting in increased laser pulse repetition rate and consequently optical fluence. To address this issue, we have developed a sparse modeling approach for blood flow quantification based on downsampled PAM data. Evaluation of its performance both <italic>in vitro</italic> and <italic>in vivo</italic> shows that this sparse modeling method can accurately recover the substantially downsampled data (up to 8 times) for correlation-based blood flow analysis, with a relative error of 12.7 ± 6.1 % across 10 datasets <italic>in vitro</italic> and 12.7 ± 12.1 % <italic>in vivo</italic> for data downsampled 8 times. Reconstruction with the proposed method is on par with recovery using compressive sensing, which exhibits an error of 12.0 ± 7.9 % <italic>in vitro</italic> and 33.86 ± 26.18 % <italic>in vivo</italic> for data downsampled 8 times. Both methods outperform bicubic interpolation, which shows an error of 15.95 ± 9.85 % <italic>in vitro</italic> and 110.7 ± 87.1 % <italic>in vivo</italic> for data downsampled 8 times.
Synergistic effects of warming and eutrophication alert zooplankton predator–prey interactions along the benthic–pelagic interface

Contemporary evidence suggests that climate change and other co‐occurring large‐scale environmental changes, such as eutrophication, will have a considerable impact on aquatic communities. However, the interactions of these environmental changes on trophic interactions among zooplankton remain largely unknown. Here we present results of a mesocosm experiment examining how a couple of zooplankton predator and prey taxa with different life‐history strategies respond to the combined effect of an increase in temperature (4.5°C) and in eutrophication (phosphorus addition), during the crucial recruiting and growing season. We show that the addition of phosphorus alone significantly weakened the top‐down effects by the cyclopoid copepod predators on their rotifer prey. In contrast, warming strengthened the top‐down effects from the predator, leading to a reduction in the abundance of the rotifer prey. These effects of warming were enhanced by phosphorus addition. Together, our results demonstrate that warming made plankton prey organisms more susceptible to top‐down effects from predators, but reduced their sensitivity to nutrient enrichment. In terms of the phenological effects, warming advanced the termination of diapause for both rotifers and cyclopoid copepods by about 2 weeks, but these temporal shifts, akin for both groups, resulted in no apparent trophic mismatch. Hence, from a future perspective, cyclopoid copepods are likely to benefit more from the combination of nutrient enrichment and climate warming to the detriment of their rotifer prey.
Make the Blind Translator See The World: A Novel Transfer Learning Solution for Multimodal Machine Translation

Based on large-scale pretrained networks and the liability to be easily overfitting with limited labelled training data of multimodal translation (MMT) is a critical issue in MMT. To this end and we propose a transfer learning solution. Specifically and 1) A vanilla Transformer is pre-trained on massive bilingual text-only corpus to obtain prior knowledge; 2) A multimodal Transformer named VLTransformer is proposed with several components incorporated visual contexts; and 3) The parameters of VLTransformer are initialized with the pre-trained vanilla Transformer and then being fine-tuned on MMT tasks with a newly proposed method named cross-modal masking which forces the model to learn from both modalities. We evaluated on the Multi30k en-de and en-fr dataset and improving up to 8% BLEU score compared with the SOTA performance. The experimental result demonstrates that performing transfer learning with monomodal pre-trained NMT model on multimodal NMT tasks can obtain considerable boosts.
Basin-specific records of lake oligotrophication during the middle-to-late Holocene in boreal northeast Ontario, Canada

Descriptions of regional climate expression require data from multiple lakes, yet little is known of how variation in records within morphometrically complex lakes may affect interpretations. In northeast Ontario (Canada), this issue was addressed using records of pollen, pigments, and diatoms in three sediment cores from two small boreal lakes spanning the last ~6000 years. Pollen analysis suggested warm conditions between ~6000 and ~4000 cal yr BP, coherent with previous assessments from boreal eastern Ontario and western Quebec. Analysis of phototrophic communities from fossil pigments and diatom valves suggested relatively eutrophic conditions with lower lake-levels during this interval. Generalized additive model trends identified significant regional changes in pollen assemblages and declines in pigment concentrations after ~4000 cal yr BP consistent with cooler and wetter climate conditions that resulted in regional lake oligotrophication and increased lake levels during the late-Holocene. Despite contemporaneous changes in pollen and pigment biomarkers across lakes, cores collected from adjacent basins of the same lake (Green Lake) did not show similar trends in fossil pigments likely reflecting preferential deposition of clay-rich allochthonous material in the deeper central basin and suggesting that regional signals in climate may be complicated by lake- or basin-specific catchment processes.
The physical properties of alkene-terminated liquid crystal molecules/E8 mixture and the electro-optical properties as they doped in polymer-dispersed liquid crystal systems

ABSTRACT Effects of the content of fluorinated alkene-terminated liquid crystal (LC) molecules on the physical properties of the fluorinated alkene-terminated LC/E8 mixture were studied. The morphology and electro-optical properties as they doped in polymer-dispersed liquid crystal (PDLC) films were investigated. The detailed discussion of the obtained results is given. As a result, comparing with the physical properties of the series of LC mixtures with the same content of the analogous fully saturated compounds doped with E8, we find that the birefringence is significantly larger for the LC mixture with the alkene-terminated materials. Both fluorinated alkene-terminated LC molecules and the analogous fully saturated compounds doped with E8 reduce the driving voltage of PDLC films. Moreover, PDLC films with the fluorinated alkene-terminated LC molecules possessed higher contrast ratio and faster response time than that of the PDLC films prepared by adding the same mass fraction of the analogous fully saturated compounds. Thus, the ability to manipulate physical properties of LC mixture and electro-optical properties of PDLC films by changing the LC molecular structures may have future relevance for new LC structures design and applications of PDLC films. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
Exploring the pH-dependent kinetics, thermodynamics and photochemistry of a flavylium-based pseudorotaxane

Abstract Flavylium-based molecular switches are attractive molecular components to devise stimuli-responsive host-guest systems such as rotaxanes and pseudorotaxanes. These compounds display a pH-dependent reaction network of several species that reversibly interconvert within different time scales. Therefore, to explore and take profit of exceptional stimuli-responsive properties of these systems, detailed kinetic and thermodynamic characterizations are often required. In this work, we present the results of such characterization for a new flavylium compound decorated with a trimethylalkylammonium substituent designed to form a pseudorotaxane with cucurbit[7]uril (CB7). The formation of the pseudorotaxane was characterized in detail, and the thermodynamic and kinetic aspects of the flavylium interconversion reactions in the assembly were investigated and compared with the free molecular switch.
Clinico–Physiological, Haemato–Biochemical and Urinalysis of 20 Adult Captive Indian Elephants (Elephas maximus)

Elephants are the largest terrestrial animals alive today. These giant herbivores are considered to be a part of Indian tradition from the early age. Unfortunately, their population is declining due to habitat loss, poaching and increase in human population (Mikota and Kahn, 2000). In the conservation of these endangered species, veterinarians play a pivotal role by monitoring their health in captivity and in wild. Knowledge of the normal physiological, haematological, serum biochemical and urine parameters of elephants are useful in evaluating their health status as International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 10 Number 02 (2021) Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas. com
Cardiac Evaluation, Holter Monitoring and Evaluation of Heart Rate Variability in Patients with Thalassemia Major

Introduction: Cardiac complications due to iron accumulation are the main cause of death in patients with thalassemia major. Our study aimed to investigate the value of heart rate variability in showing the risk of early cardiac exposure and arrhythmia due to iron accumulation and the availability of heart rate variability (HRV) as a noninvasive method in children with major thalassemia. Material and Methods: This study was carried out at the 24-hour Holter electrocardiography examination by comparing 30 patients with beta-thalassemia major diagnosis and 30 healthy control groups in Dicle University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology and Pediatric Cardiology. The heart rate variability, time, and frequency indexes of the two groups were compared. The relationship between serum ferritin levels and HRV parameters was evaluated. Results: Sixteen of the patients with major thalassemia were girls (53%), 14 were boys (47%) and the mean age was 10. 1 ± 3. 8 years. The 24-hour Holter ECG parameters, maximum heart rate, SDNN, RMSSD, pNN50, TP, LF, and VLF parameters were significantly lower in the patient group than the control group. According to ferritin values, patients were divided into Group I with ferritin values between 1500 2500 ng/ml, Group II between 2501 5000 ng/ml, and Group III with those over 5000 ng/ml. Heart rate change parameters and groups separated according to ferritin values were compared. The maximum heart rate was significantly higher in Group I compared to Group II and Group III (p = 0.03). There was no significant difference between groups between other parameters. The ectopic hit was detected in eight of the patients. The atrial or ventricular ectopic hit was detected in Holter ECG in four of the 24 patients whose echocardiography findings were normal. Conclusion: In our study, we found that the value of ferritin alone was not sufficient to indicate cardiac influence. Even if echocardiographic examinations are normal, autonomous dysfunction, atrial and/or ventricular early hit can be detected, so patients with TM should be given 24-hour Holter ECG monitoring as well as echocardiographic examination.
Sublethal Concentration of Pyriproxyfen Reduces Testicular Connective Tissue Thickness in Euschistus heros Fabr. (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae)

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of the insecticide pyriproxyfen (Tiger™ 100 CE), juvenile hormone analogue, when applied in a sublethal LC30 concentration (0.668 mL a. i. L-1), on the morphological and morphometric parameters of external and internal connective tissue (CT) of the Neotropical-brown stink bug Euschistus heros testicles. The insecticide was applied on nymphs from the 4th instar using a Potter tower with a working pressure of 82.73 kPa (12 lb pol-²) and 1 mL of the emulsion per replicate. A completely randomized experimental design was used, consisting of two treatments (control and pyriproxyfen-treated), five repetitions, and 10 adults of E. heros per experimental unit. The insects were maintained under controlled conditions until the emergence of adults. After 48 h of emergence of adults, the testicles were collected, fixed, and processed for morphological and morphometric analyses. A change was observed in the collagen fibers of the CT of treated insects when compared with those of controls. It was also observed that both types of CT (dense irregular and loose) over the internal tunic of the treated insect were thinner than those in control insects. The analysis showed that pyriproxyfen significantly reduced the external and internal CT width and the conformation of its fibers in all the observed regions when compared with the controls; this may affect the production of the three different types of sperm present in this species.
COVID-19 A Preventative and Treatment Approach

The year 2020’s pandemic is caused by a novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, which binds to human ACE2 receptors via SARS-CoV-2 virus Spike glycoproteins. ACE2 receptors being present on multiple human tissues, act as an entry port for the virus in human cells, and consequently result in a myriad of symptoms suggestive of COVID-19. Once a person is tested and confirmed positive for the presence of SARS-Cov-19 in his/her body, a series of preventive and treatment protocols are initiated. Hydroxychloroquine with azithromycin and other compassionate drugs such as Remdesivir, Avastin, Angiotensin Receptor Blocker, Angiotensin Converting Enzyme inhibitor, and Ivermectin help to reinforce the active immunity of COVID-19 patients while passive immunity conferred via plasma exchange for protective antibodies against SARS-Cov-2 is also an option to fight COVID-19 infection. Oxygen therapy, via Non-Invasive or Invasive forms, is available for moderate to severe cases of respiratory failure or acute respiratory distress syndrome. In this paper, we shall have an overview of SARS-Cov-2 related symptoms, diagnosis and few “promising” medications to manage to COVID-19 infection.