Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of soybean meal in the formulated diets for juvenile Pangasianodon hypophthalmus (Sauvage, 1878)

The influence of soybean meal (SBM) on the growth and feed utilization of juvenile sutchi catfish (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus, Sauvage, 1878) was investigated. Eight isonitrogenous (300 g kg−1 CP) and isoenergetic (18 MJ kg−1) diets were formulated incorporating Argentine SBM to replace fish meal at 0, 150, 300, 450, 600, 750, 900 and 1000 g kg−1 dietary protein. Each diet was fed to three replicate groups of fish with an initial weight 6.0–6.2 g for twelve weeks. Growth performance decreased, and feed utilization was worsened with the increase in SBM inclusion in the diets. Final weight and relative growth rate (RGR) of fish fed control diet (0 SBM) were significantly higher than those fed test diets (P < 0.05). However, there were no significant differences in the final weight and RGR between the fish fed on 15 SBM, 30 SBM, 45 SBM and 60 SBM diets. Specific growth rate of fish fed 0 SBM, 15 SBM, 30 SBM and 45 SBM diets was significantly higher than those fed other diets. Feed conversion ratio of fish fed 0 SBM, 15 SBM, 30 SBM, 45 SBM and 60 SBM diets was significantly lower than those fed other diets (P < 0.05). The dry matter and protein digestibility were lesser in all the diets in comparison with the control diet. Hepatosomatic index and viscerosomatic index increased with increasing SBM in diet. This present trial indicated that fish meal can be replaced by SBM in the diet of juvenile sutchi catfish only up to 45% of fish meal protein without any adverse effect on growth, feed utilization and body composition.
Decomposition of oil palm bio-waste using microbes.

Conversion of oil palm biowaste namely Empty Fruit Bunches (EFB) and Mesocarp Fibre (MF) into good compost by using decomposing fungus Trichoderma viride was carried out in the experimental fields of the Directorate of Oil Palm Research, India. Three applications of T. viride fungus, in the form of broth as well as powder formulation with talc powder (Hydrated magnesium silicate) as carrier material, to oil palm Empty Fruit Bunches and Mesocarp Fibre materials resulted into fast decomposition compared to normal process. The weight gain of the treated material in the initial periods of the fungus application was mainly due to absorption of water. The fungus showed its action on decomposing the material after 15 days of application resulting in the decrease of weights. Six applications of Trichoderma viride fungus (three each on Empty Fruit Bunches and on Mesocarp Fibre) at monthly intervals achieved good decomposition of the cellulose material. In the first phase of decomposition the treated material were broken into small pieces and dried. In the second phase, the colour of the material changed from light brown to black. The material lost their physical structures within three months as compared to 6 months in general. Reinoculation studies carried out using the decomposed material confirmed the results. Since the fungus Trichoderma viride has compatibility with other bioagents like Metarhizium anisopliae which causes green muscardine disease to Rhinoceros beetle, application of commercial formulations to the breeding sites enhances the decomposition of the material, thus makes faster and complete decomposition apart from controlling the rhinoceros beetle and other dreaded disease causing fungi Ganoderma spp. As the bioagents are environmental friendly and ecologically safe, their use for decomposition is advocated.
Ecology of the Major Periphytic Diatom Communities from the Mesta River, Bulgaria

Epilithon, epiphyton, epipelon, epipsammon and plocon diatom samples and water chemistry samples were collected bimonthly from 11 stations along the Mesta River, Bulgaria between December 1989 and April 1991. Principal component analysis (PCA), correlation, and dominance analysis were employed for describing the seasonal dynamics of diatom assemblages and estimating the correlation between diatom distribution and the physico‐chemical parameters. All periphytic communities were compared by PCA, MANOVA and Fisher's LSD multiple comparison test. Ionic strength and eutrophication were the major abiotic factors affecting diatom distribution in the epilithon, epiphyton, epipelon and epipsammon. Current velocity had an important influence on the diatom assemblages from the epilithon and epiphyton. Epilithon showed the lowest correlation with most of the environmental factors and had significantly lower species diversity than epiphyton, epipelon and epipsammon. Multivariate analysis of the diatom data suggested that in all benthic habitats of the Mesta River seasonal replacement of diatom assemblages was controlled by the water chemistry rather than substratum, current velocity or discharge. The oligotrophic, mesotrophic and eutrophic diatom communities in the Mesta River comprised early‐, mid‐ and late‐successional colonizers respectively. Multiple comparisons of all periphytic communities showed that habitat specificity was positively correlated with current velocity.
Biology and Predatory Behavior of Metioche vittaticollis (Stal) (Orthoptera: Gryllidae)

Metioche vittaticollis (Stal) is one of the generalist predator in rice field habitat. The biology and predatory behavior were studied in the laboratory. The life cycle of M. vittaticollis (Stal) averaged 40–61 days at 26°-28oC. The eggs were inserted singly within the leaf sheath of rice or weeds and hatched in 14.28 days. The nymphal period was varied between 27 and 45 days and passed four nymphal stadia. Female fecundity was averaged 50 eggs during her lifetime. The longevity of the female or male adult was ranged from 20 to 38 days. The average longevity of females and males were 29.24 and 25.00 days, respectively. The longevity of unmated female or male were longer than the mated female or male. The egg and first instar nymph sustained the high mortality of 30% and 25%, respectively, whilst there was less mortality in the third and fourth instar nymph. The adult females of M. vittaticollis survived for 32 days and the rate of survival was high in the young adults but decreased as the cricket aged. The females were more preferred to Brown Plant Hopper (BHP) nymph than the males. The early nymph stage of prey was the most stage to be fed by M. vittaticollis. However, the predation declined when they were given prey of late instar of BPH nymphs. Fewer adult stage of BPH was consumed by both male and female crickets. Key words: biology; generalist predator; prey consumption; Metioche vittaticollis
Factors to Measure the Performance of Private Business Schools in South Africa

This article identifies the latent variables embedded within the model to measure the performance of private business schools. In the quantitative research design, 247 questionnaires, using a five-point Likert scale, were analysed after completion by private business school supervisors and managers. The data has high reliability with a Cronbach alpha coefficient of 0.974 and excellent sample adequacy with a KMO value of 0.926. The analysis identified ten latent variables (or factors), identified using exploratory factor analysis explaining a cumulative variance of 70.56%. These are Regulatory compliance, Strategic communication, Educational technology stack, Strategic finance, Organisational development, Customer orientation, Sales, Pricing, Socio-political influence and Market focus. The study also succeeded to simplify measuring performance by eliminating 26 questions with low factor loadings (<0.40) or those that are cross-loading highly onto more than one factor from the questionnaire while retaining a satisfactory level of reliability. The results are valuable to private business school managers and to the employees wanting to measure and improve the business performance of a private business school. Researchers and academia could also benefit from the contribution of the study to either build on business performance of private business schools or, alternatively, in adopting the methodology employed in this study for another application setting.
Structural Studies of Cystatin B Amyloid Fibre and Oligomer

Amyloid fibres are characteristic of over 25 degenerative human diseases including Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease. Amyloid fibres are insoluble, highly stable, ordered cross-β sheet structures, which form as a result of conformational change and aggregation in a range of unrelated soluble proteins and peptides. High molecular weight oligomers, potentially on-pathway to amyloid formation, have been posited as the toxicity agent in amyloid-associated disease. Heterogeneity of amyloid fibres and oligomers precludes the use of standard structural biology techniques. The work presented utilised recombinant human cystatin B as a model system for structural analysis of amyloid fibres and oligomers, particularly for the structurally homologous human cystatin C which directly causes a form of amyloid angiopathy. Limited proteolysis of cystatin B amyloid fibre shows that the core structure consists maximally of residues 27-80 out of a total 98. Electron microscopy techniques, including mass per unit length measurements, reveal an average fibre width of 8.6 nm and formation of four fibre classes, composed of 4, 8 and 16 molecules per 4 -strand rise. These data are incompatible with the previous native-like model, therefore a new working fibre model is proposed where native β-strands 2 and 3 are extended into a single strand with adjacent β-strands 4 and 5 forming the other half of a β-sheet arc, which is stacked in parallel, perpendicular to the fibre axis. Stable proteinase-K resistant G4R mutant cystatin B oligomers were generated and preliminary characterisation presented, with identification of five structural classes ranging in diameter from 8-88 nm. Furthermore, investigation of a potential amyloid therapeutic in Salvia plant extracts was carried out with dye binding kinetic assays and electron microscopy. The work herein primarily constrains a new non-native β-sheet cystatin B amyloid fibre model and has initiated new avenues of research into cystatin oligomer structure and novel therapeutic agents.
The Tone of the Beige Book and the Pre-FOMC Announcement Drift

We examine whether disclosed information from the Federal Reserve (Fed) affects investor expectations of monetary policy decisions and whether the disclosed information leads to the pre-Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC) announcement drift through investor expectations of monetary policy. We measure the tone of the Beige Books, speeches, and testimonies using text-mining techniques. We find that the tone of the Beige Books positively relates to federal funds rate (FFR) changes and expected FFR changes. We also find that expected FFR changes are negatively associated with stock market index returns in the 24 hours prior to FOMC announcement time. These results suggest that the Beige Book implies monetary policy changes and positively affects investor expectations. In addition, these results suggest that disclosed information from the Fed leads to pre-FOMC announcement drift though the investor expectations.
Herbivore-kelp interactions in Chilean subtidal communities: a review

This paper reviews the literature evidence on the herbivore-kelp interactions along the Chilean coast, basically the role of sea urchins and gastropods in the structure of rocky shallow subtidal marine communities. Due to the morphology of the Chilean coast, we divided our analysis in two large zones. In northern Chile, between 18°42° S, the Cordillera de la Costa runs close to the coast generating extremely exposed habitats. In this zone two species of Lessonia are dominant in intertidal and subtidal habitats. Here, the sea urchin Tetrapygus niger is the most abundant grazer producing extensive intertidal and subtidal barren grounds. South of 42" S to Cape Horn, Macrocystis pyrifera forms the most conspicuous kelp association in a fjord zone, where hundreds of islands produce protected habitats. Four species of sea urchins and the gastropod Tegula atra graze on M. pyrifera. However, their effects are spatially and temporaly restricted. The foraging behavior of the principal herbivore. the sea urchin Loxechinus a/bus, is influenced by the degree of wave action, restricting its effect to exposed areas. In very protected areas Tegula atra affects the population dynamics of M. pyrifera.
Spawning behaviour of amemasu charr, Salvelinus leucomaenis leucomaenis, with a discussion of the macroevolutionary patterns of postspawning behaviour in the Salmoninae

– Video cameras inside underwater housings were used to record the spawning behaviour of a subspecies of the white-spotted charr, the amemasu charr (Salvelinus leucomaenis leucomaenis) in the Tokimae and Onbetsu Rivers, Hokkaido, Japan. Unlike other Salvelinus species, in which females use lateral swings of their bodies to ventilate and distribute eggs over gravel crevices (undulating) immediately after spawning, female amemasu charr covered their eggs with beats of their tails (cover digging). Cover digging right after spawning has previously been documented in Salmo, Oncorhynchus and Parahucho. Phylogenetic analysis of postspawning behaviours in the Salmoninae indicated that (i) resting then covering the eggs is plesiomorphic for the group, (ii) undulating replaced resting in the ancestor of Salvelinus, (iii) cover digging was advanced in the behavioural sequence to occur immediately after egg deposition in the ancestor of Parahucho + Salmo + Oncorhynchus and in the amemasu.
Analysis of ChiA and ChiB production by bacillus cereus CH: induction, gene expression, and localization of two chitinases

Chitin, a homopolymer of β-1,4-linked N-acetyl-D-glucosamine (GlcNAc), is one of the most abundant carbohydrate polymers in nature. In a portion of fungi and most of nematodes, insects, and crustaceans, this carbohydrate generally occurs in forms of complexes with several unique proteins and other materials. Its structural characteristic is believed to provide rigid and Ca2+-complexed entities with a great advantage for the construction of very robust exoskeletons. In terrestrial biosphere the recycling of chitin seems to be carried out predominantly through co-operative action of chitinolytic and other non-chitinolytic microorganisms. Taking account of a large amount of annual chitin production (about 1011 tonnes/year), a variety of chitinolytic enzyme systems may play an important role in recycling of chitin produced in both aquatic and terrestrial biospheres7). In the chitin degradation process, at least two distinct enzymes are required for complete degradation of chitin: one is chitinase (EC 3.2.1.14) to depolymerize the polysaccharide structure into dimer or oligomers of GlcNAc and the other is exohydrolytic chitinase or chitobiose-specifi c N-acetylglucosaminidase (chitobiase, EC 3.2.1.14) to hydrolyze a variety of chitin oligomers into monosaccharide GlcNAc. Bacterial species belonging to genera Alteromonas18,19), Bacillus1,11), Nocardiopsis20), Pseudomonas2,3), Serratia4,17), and Vibrio13) have been reported to produce and secrete multiple chitinolytic enzymes. Probably, multiple chitinolytic enzymes provide an eff ective chitin degradation system through their synergistic action13). In order to develop chitin degradation systems, we believe that basic understanding of production mechanisms of chitin producers is important10,13). Previous studies on Bacillus cereus CH11,12) showed that colloidal chitin can serve as an inducer in the production of chitinases A and B (ChiA and ChiB) and the respective genes, chiA and chiB, have been cloned and sequenced. However, detailed mechanisms for their induction, production, and secretion remain to be elucidated. In the present study, several chitin oligomers were tested for inducers of chitin production. We also prepared specifi c rabbit antisera against recombinant ChiA and ChiB and used for the analysis of ChiA and ChiB production. Moreover, RT-PCR was performed for the analysis of chiA and chiB transcription levels during induction.
PRODUTIVIDADE DO CAF APOAT EM CONSRCIO COM LEGUMINOSAS NA REGIO DA ALTA PAULISTA

Coffee (Coffea canephora Pierre) productivity was evaluated during three years of intercropping with five leguminous species: sunn hemp (Crotalaria juncea L.), Crotalaria spectabilis Roth. , dwarf velvet bean (Stizolobium deeringeanum Bort.), soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merryl] and pigeon pea [Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp. ] in the western region of Sao Paulo State, from 1991 to 1993. Leguminous species were seeded 50 cm far from coffee shoot and incorporated at flowering stage. The treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block design with five replicates. Coffee yield was not affected when Crotalaria spectabilis, dwarf velvet bean and soya bean IAC 9 were used as interrow crop, but it was significantly decreased for pigeon pea and sunn hemp treatments. Linear correlation analysis showed that coffee yield was inversely correlated with leguminous dry biomass and positively correlated with coffee shoot height and stem diameter at the harvest year.
Genomic disorders : the genomic basis of disease

Part I. Introduction The CMT1A Duplication: A Historical Perspective Viewed From Two Sides of an Ocean James R. Lupski and Vincent Timmerman Part II. Genomic Structure Alu Elements Prescott Deininger The Impact of LINE-1 Retrotransposition on the Human Genome Amy E. Hulme, Deanna A. Kulpa, Jose Luis Garcia Perez, and John V. Moran Ancient Transposable Elements, Processed Pseudogenes, and Endogenous Retroviruses Adam Pavlicek and Jerzy Jurka Segmental Duplications Andrew J. Sharp and Evan E. Eichler Non-B DNA and Chromosomal Rearrangements Albino Bacolla and Robert D. Wells Genetic Basis of Olfactory Deficits Idan Menashe, Ester Feldmesser, and Doron Lancet Genomic Organization and Function of Human Centromeres Huntington F. Willard and M. Katharine Rudd Part III. Genome Evolution Primate Chromosome Evolution Stefan Muller Genome Plasticity in Evolution: The Centromere Repositioning Mariano Rocchi and Nicoletta Archidiacono Part IV. Genomic Rearrangements and Disease Traits The CMT1A Duplication and HNPP Deletion Vincent Timmerman and James R. Lupski Smith-Magenis Syndrome Deletion, Reciprocal Duplication dup(17)(p11.2p11.2), and Other Proximal 17p Rearrangements Pawel Stankiewicz, Weimin Bi, and James R. Lupski Chromosome 22q11.2 Rearrangement Disorders Bernice E. Morrow Neurofibromatosis 1 Karen Stephens Williams-Beuren Syndrome Stephen W. Scherer and Lucy R. Osborne Sotos Syndrome Naohiro Kurotaki and Naomichi Matsumoto X Chromosome Rearrangements Pauline H. Yen Pelizaeus-Merzbacher Disease and Spastic Paraplegia Type 2 Ken Inoue Y-Chromosomal Rearrangements and Azoospermia Matthew E. Hurles and ChrisTyler-Smith Inversion Chromosomes Orsetta Zuffardi, Roberto Ciccone, Sabrina Giglio, and Tiziano Pramparo Monosomy 1p36 As a Model for the Molecular Basis of Terminal Deletions Blake C. Ballif and Lisa G. Shaffer. inv dup(15) and inv dup(22) Heather E. McDermid and Rachel Wevrick Mechanisms Underlying Neoplasia-Associated Genomic Rearrangements Thoas Fioretos Part. V. Functional Aspects of Genome Structure Recombination Hotspots in Nonallelic Homologous Recombination Matthew E. Hurles and James R. Lupski Position Effects Pawel Stankiewicz Part. VI. Genomic Disorders: Modeling and Assays Chromosome-Engineered Mouse Models Pentao Liu Array-CGH for the Analysis of Consitutional Genomic Rearrangements Nigel P. Carter, Heike Fiegler, Susan Gribble, and Richard Redon Part. VII. Appendices Appendix A: Well-Characterized Rearrangement-Based Diseases and Genome Structural Features at the Locus Pawel Stankiewicz and James R. Lupski Appendix B: Diagnostic Potential for Chromosome Microarray Analysis Pawel Stankiewicz, Sau W. Cheung, and Arthur L. Beaudet Index
Synchronisation of oestrus with Prostaglandin F2 alpha analogue in non-descript cow

Oestrus synchronization were undertaken in multiperous and cyclic ten Non descript cows (Group-I) and twelve crossbred cows (Group- II). All the animals were treated with two injections of Lutalyse (Dinoprost thromithamine) 25 mg each intramuscularly at 11 days apart. Out of 10, eight (80.00 percent) cows form Group-I and 12 (100.00 percent) cows from Group -II were responded to the treatment. The interval for onset of oestrus was slightly different in non descript cows than crossbred cows (54.50 ± 2.60 Vs. 55-58 ± 3.28 hours). There was non significant difference observed for synchronized oestrus in Group-I and Group-II (21 .25 ± 0.881 Vs 20.83 ± 0.814 hours). ln Group I the intensity of oestrus was intense in 2(25.00 per cent) cows, intermediate in 4(50.00 per cent) cows and weak in 2(25.00 per cent) cows. In Group-ll it was intense in 5(41.67 per cent) and intermediate in 7(58.33 per cent) cows.
Variation in the nitrogen isotopic composition of amino acids in benthic foraminifera: Implications for their adaptation to oxygen‐depleted environments

We evaluated nitrate utilization by benthic foraminifera at the redox boundary around the sediment‐water interface by examining the stable nitrogen isotopic composition (δ15N, ‰ vs. AIR) of amino acids. Five foraminiferal species collected from bathyal Sagami Bay (water depth, 1430 m) in three different sampling seasons were analyzed by determining the δ15N values of amino acids from whole cells and those in test (shell) proteins remaining after H2O2 treatment. The δ15N values of phenylalanine fell within a narrow range (typically 1–3‰) in the test proteins of all five species, but the whole‐cell δ15N values of phenylalanine were substantially different from those of the test proteins in two species, Globobulimina affinis (by 6.3‰) and Uvigerina akitaensis (by 4.5‰). These differences in the δ15N values of amino acids suggest that these species utilize nitrate in their cells probably for nitrate respiration (i.e., denitrification) to adapt to oxygen‐depleted environments, as was previously observed in the shallow water benthic foraminifera Ammonia sp. Apparent trophic positions determined using the δ15N values of amino acids also differed between whole cells and tests in G. affinis, U. akitaensis, and Ammonia sp. , perhaps because they have different microbial associations, as observed by cellular ultrastructural analysis. These differences in nitrate utilization and microbial associations among benthic foraminifera suggest that foraminifera adapt in diverse ways to conditions in dysoxic to anoxic sediments.
The Case Against Eliminating Large Denomination Bills

Can eliminating large denomination bills improve social welfare? We construct a dual currency model to study whether illegal activity can be reduced or eliminated by modifying the payment environment. In our model, there are two types of money, "coins" (small bills) and "paper money" (large bills) and two types of goods, legal and illegal. Legal (goods) traders are ex ante indifferent between coins and paper money, but illegal (goods) traders face a lower transaction cost of using paper money in comparison to coins because illegal trade is easier to conceal. Eliminating paper money can reduce illegal trade and the social cost associated with illegal activity. However, this pooling equilibrium is suboptimal because the government can collect more seigniorage by allowing illegal traders to use paper money with a lower rate of return. When the transaction cost of using coins for illegal traders is sufficiently large, a separating equilibrium, where legal traders use coins and illegal traders use paper money, can maximize welfare by making an implicit transfer from the illegal traders to the legal traders. In short, an optimal monetary policy is a sort of Pigouvian policy in which the monetary authority engineers a transfer from illegal traders to legal traders.