Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Time is of the essence: containment of the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic in Switzerland from February to May 2020

AIM: In late February and early March 2020, Switzerland experienced rapid growth of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections with 30,243 confirmed cases and 1,860 deaths as of 10 May 2020. The sequential introduction of non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) resulted in successful containment of the epidemic. A better understanding of how the timing of implementing NPIs influences the dynamics and outcome of SARS-CoV-2 epidemics will be crucial for the management of a potential resurgence in Switzerland. METHODS: We developed a dynamic transmission model that describes infection, hospitalization, recovery and death due to SARS-CoV-2 in Switzerland. Using a maximum likelihood framework, we fitted the model to aggregated daily numbers of hospitalized patients, ICU occupancy and death from 25 February to 10 May 2020. We estimated critical parameters of SARS-CoV-2 transmission in Switzerland and explored counterfactual scenarios of an earlier and later implementation of NPIs. RESULTS: We estimated the basic reproduction number R0 = 2.61 (95% compatibility interval, CI: 2.51-2.71) during the early exponential phase of the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic in Switzerland. After the implementation of NPIs, the effective reproduction number approached Re = 0.64 (95% CI: 0.61-0.66). Based on the observed doubling times of the epidemic before and after the implementation of NPIs, we estimated that one week of early exponential spread required 3.1 weeks (95% CI: 2.8-3.3 weeks) of 'lockdown' to reduce the number of infections to the same level. Introducing the same sequence of NPIs one week earlier or later would have resulted in substantially lower (399, 95% prediction interval, PI: 347-458) and higher (8,683, 95% PI: 8,038-9,453) numbers of deaths, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The introduction of NPIs in March 2020 prevented thousands of SARS-CoV-2-related deaths in Switzerland. Early implementation of NPIs during SARS-CoV-2 outbreaks can reduce the number of deaths and the necessary duration of strict control measures considerably.
Etiology and Predisposing Factors for Electrical Current Injury in Children

Aims and Objectives: To analyze the data regarding etiological and predisposing factors in pediatric burns and make conclusion for prevention of pediatric burns. Study design: Retrospective hospital based observational study. Setting: Department of Pediatric Surgery, King Edward Medical University, Mayo Hospital Lahore. Duration of Study: From June 2017 to June 2018. Methodology: Children with electric current injuries were admitted in Pediatric Surgery Department, King Edward Medical University, Mayo Hospital, Lahore. As it was a retrospective study so the main source of information was the hospital admission files. A detailed research proforma was made having all variables and data was collected. Data regarding total number of patients, age, gender, mechanism of burn injury, operating findings, treatment and outcome were noted and statistical analysis was done by using SPSS version 20. Results: One hundred and thirty (n = 130) patients with burn injuries caused by electric current in age ranging from 2 to 12 years were treated during one year period. There were 72(55%) males and 58(45%) females. Areas involved were mainly the limbs and face. High voltage electric current was responsible for 90(69%) burn cases and low voltage in 40(31%) cases. Electric current injury caused by direct contact occurred in 100(77%) cases whereas electric flash burn was responsible in 30(23%) cases. Fasciotomy was performed in 78(60%) cases amputations at different levels in 24(18%) and disarticulations of shoulder joint were performed in 6(4.5%) cases. Split thickness skin grafting was done in 80(61.5%) cases whereas 12(9%) cases having minor injury were treated conservatively. 92(71%) cases were discharged home, 23(17.5%) cases expired and in 15(11.5%) cases parents refused for treatment. Conclusion: Burns are caused by human errors and are therefore preventable. Disability due to severe burn adversely affects the life of a growing child and is a huge social issue. Public awareness through print and electronic media as well as education at school level is to be stressed in order to prevent electric current burn injury resulting in high morbidity and mortality. There is a need to establish more state of the art pediatric burn units according to population consensus in our country.
The value of pre-ablation stimulated thyroglobulin in predicting distant metastasis of papillary thyroid cancer

Objective To investigate the value of pre-ablation stimulated Tg in predicting distant metastasis of papillary thyroid cancer (PTC). Methods The study included 231 patients with PTC who had undergone total thyroidectomy and subsequent 131I therapy.Patients were divided into two groups as M1(38 cases,15 males,23 females,average age (43.9 ± 16.3) y) and M0(193 cases,60 males,133 females,average age (42.4 ± 11.4) y) according to the presence and absence of distant metastases,respectively.T-test and x2 test were used to evaluate the statistical differences between the two groups.The Tg value between M0 and M1 was compared by Mann-Whitney rank-sum test.The ROC curves and diagnostic critical point (DCP) were analyzed to evaluate the predictive value of stimulated Tg.Results There was no significant difference between the two groups in age (t=-0.675,P=0.50) and gender (x2=1.02,P=0.31). Pre-ablation stimulated Tg was significantly different between the two groups (the Mann-Whitney rank-sum test:U=787.5,P＜0.001). Area under the ROC curve for Tg levels was 0.893 (95％ CI:0.863-0.962). The cut-off value of DCP of Tg was 52.75 μg/L with a sensitivity of 78.90％ and specificity of 91.70％. Conclusion Stimulated Tg may be a useful "diagnostic tumor marker" for predicting distant metastases of PTC before the first 131I ablation therapy. Key words: Thyroid neoplasms; Carcinoma,papillary; Thyroglobulin; Iodine radioisotopes
ADDITION OF PROBIOTIC TO FEEDS WITH DIFFERENT ENERGY AND ADF CONTENT IN RABBITS. 1. EFFECT ON THE DIGESTIVE ORGANS

Avec 84 lapins Neo Zelandais Blancs sevres a 32 jours, ont ete etudies les effets, sur le poids du tractus gastrointestinal et le rendement a l'abattage, de la composition de l'aliment, de l'addition d'un probiotique Acid-Pak 4-Way (AP4W), du sexe, de l'âge a l'abattage (53 ou 67 jours) et les interactions entre l'aliment et l'addition de AP4W, l'âge et l'aliment, l'âge et AP4W et l'âge et le sexe. Trois aliments complets a niveaux d'energie digestible ( ED, MJ/kg) et contenu en ADF (g/kg MS) differents on ete testes (aliment I : 9.22 MJ ED et 299 g ADF; aliment II : 11.60 MJ ED et 254 g ADF ; aliment III : 13.14 MJ ED et 187 g ADF), chacun d'entre eux etant double par le meme aliment additionne de 0.5% d'AP4W. L'aliment III haute energie & taux d'ADF le plus bas augmente le poids de carcasse (I : 970a ; II : 976a ; III : 1005 b g; P≤05), ameliore de rendement a l'abattage (I : 50.2 a ; II : 50.6 a ; III : 52.0 b %, P≤0.05), diminue le poids du tractus gastrointestinal (I : 411.1 ab , II : 420.2a , III : 391.3 b g, P≤0.05) et diminue le poids du caecum ( I : 151.3 a ; II : 148.8 a ; III : 133.7 o g, P≤0.05). Les proportions de l'intestin grele et du caecum different avec les aliments I et III (% d'intestin grele : 20.2 vs 22.3; % of caecum: 36.9 vs. 34.0, P≤0.05). On observe un effet d'AP4W entrainant la diminution de la proportion de l'estomac et l'augmentation de la proportion du caecum ( % de l'estomac : 28.0 vs. 29.9 ; % du caecum: 36.2 vs. 34.8, P≤ 0.05). Le sexe influence significativement (P≤0.05) le poids du caecum (femelle : 151.1 ; males 138.2 g), le pourcentage du caecum (f. : 36.6 ; m. : 34.4 %) et % le pourcentage d'intestin grele (f. : 20.7; m. : 21.7 %). Les lapins les plus âges ont un meilleur rendement a l'abattage (P≤0.05) (52.0 vs. 49.9 %), des carcasses plus lourdes (1007 vs. 961 g) une diminution du poids tractus gastrointestinal (392.7 vs. 422.4 g) et de l'intestin grele (80.0 vs. 92.1 g) et un gros intestin plus lourd et proportionnellement plus important (63.0 vs 54.8 g, 14.9 vs 13.8 %).
AMPLIFIED FRAGMENT LENGTH POLYMORPHISM AND MITOCHONDRIAL DNA ANALYSES REVEAL PATTERNS OF DIVERGENCE AND HYBRIDIZATION IN THE HISPID COTTON RAT (SIGMODON HISPIDUS)

Abstract Sigmodon hispidus, the hispid cotton rat, has a wide geographic distribution and has been the focus of numerous ecological studies; however, patterns of genetic divergence within this species remain largely unknown. Amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) and mitochondrial cytochrome-b DNA sequence analyses were employed to document patterns of nuclear and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) divergence within this species. AFLP analysis of specimens from Georgia, Louisiana, Texas, Oklahoma, Kansas, and Arizona demonstrated that the previously recognized genetic discontinuity dividing S. hispidus into eastern and western mtDNA lineages also was evident in the nuclear genome. The contact zone between these 2 lineages was located in eastern Texas and hybridization was confirmed. The width of the hybrid zone was found to be 3 orders of magnitude greater than the estimated dispersal distance. This, in combination with an absence of linkage disequilibrium within the hybrid zone and its unimodality, suggests that selection is not a strong factor in the maintenance of the hybrid zone.
Estimating Siberian marmot (Marmota sibirica) densities in the Eastern Steppe of Mongolia

Siberian marmots (Marmota sibirica) have declined rapidly in Mongolia over the past 15 years; so much so, a countrywide hunting ban was instituted in 2005. In order to collect baseline data, we initially conducted transects in the Eastern Steppe in order to estimate marmot densities and distribution in 2005. We subsequently collected similar data over the next 2 years (2006 and 2007) and now present our findings and compare them across years and among aimags (administrative divisions in the Eastern Steppe). Overall, marmots and marmot burrow clusters increased in density in 2006 and 2007 compared to 2005. In addition, the percent active burrow clusters increased from year 2005 to 2006 and then stayed approximately the same from year 2006 to 2007. These findings bode well for the efficacy of the hunting ban toward efforts to recover marmot populations in the Eastern Steppe.
Enhancement of glutamine synthetase activity in Paenibacillus polymyxa by optimization of different growth conditions

Biological nitrogen fixation is highly regulated at the transcriptional level by sophisticated regulatory networks that respond to multiple environmental signals. Glutamine synthetase (GS) occupies a central position in cellular metabolism and offer to the cell, a potential point for regulation of biosynthetic function. The aim of this work is to enhance the activity of GS in Paenibacillus polymyxa through altering the constituents of the growth medium, thereby increasing the nitrogen fixation capability. Two bacterial strains were identified as P. polymyxa by 16S rRNA gene (Accession No AB727983). High GS activity was recorded in the two strains, in presence of the divalent cations Mg +2 and Mn +2 . Western blot analysis confirmed the presence of the GS at approximately ~60 kDa. GS activity was found to be affected by growth medium, carbon source, nitrogen source and sodium chloride. LB supplemented with 7% glycerol, 0.4% asparagine and 0.15% sodium chloride gave the highest GS activity. Key words : Glutamine, Paenipacillus polymyxa , 16S rRNA, nitrogen fixation, western blot, Mg +2 and Mn +2 .
THE INFLUENCE OF SHADOW CREATED BY ADJACENT PLANTS ON PHENOTYPIC PLASTICITY OF ENDANGERED SPECIES TROLLIUS EUROPAEUS L (RANUNCULACAE)

The assessment of phenotypic plasticity expressed as the response to abiotic and biotic site factors is important for successful con- servation of endangered and threathened species. In Poland one of the strictly protected plant re- quiring an active conservation is globeflower Trol- lius europaeus L. It is the perennial forb, consisted of numerous dark green, deeply cut basal leaves and generative shoots with flowers composed of several multi-ovulate carpels. The investigations of morphological traits of Trollius europaeus i.e. number and height of generative shoots and ba- sal leaves as well as the production of flowers, multi-follicles and follicles at stem- and cluster levels, were carried out between 2005 and 2008 on two patches of Molinietum caeruleae localized in Krakow vicinity (Southern Poland) and having different height of litter and herb layer. The study plot labelled NS- "not shaded" (2 000 m 2 ) was pre- vailed by perennials with delicate procumbent or erect stems, small-tussock grass or short rosette- forb species. The height of the tallest plant has not exceeded 98 cm, while the litter layer measured from 10 cm to 28 cm. The study plot named SH- "shaded" (6 000 m 2 ) was characterised by pres- ence of tall perennials as well as grass and sedges forming large compact tussocks. The tallest plants attained 186 cm, whereas the layer of litter reached from 18 cm to 42 cm. In NS plot -32 clusters were observed, whereas in SH plot 39 clusters occurred. In both popu- lations, clusters were situated in close vicin- ity, forming large aggregations. The number of aboveground units per cluster in both populations were similar. The longer petioles (higher petiole average length), caused by maximization of light capture were noted in SH, than in NS plot. In SH plot higher sexual shoots were also noted as well as greater number of flowers per shoot. Such phenomenon presumably makes the plant more attractive for pollinators and thus pollen receipt and donation. The similar number of flowers and multi-follicles per cluster were observed in both populations, while the greater number of follicles was observed in NS, than in SH plot. Due to morphological plasticity established clusters of T. europaeus might presumably endure among the vegetation cover or adapt to new envi- ronmental conditions. It might be considered that making the gaps in vegetation cover and litter can be an effective way for active protection of Trollius europaeus populations.
Antagonistic activity of Lactobacillus acidophilus bacteria towards selected food-contaminating bacteria.

The aim of this study was to determine the antibacterial properties of 20 Lactobacillus acidophilus strains against spoilage or pathogenic bacteria. The relationship between contents of various metabolites and the inhibitory activity of Lb. acidophilus against Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus and vegetative cells and spores of Bacillus mycoides and Bacillus subtilis was studied. The antibacterial activity was determined by measuring zones of growth inhibition on agar media. The antibacterial activity was markedly diversified. Some Lb. acidophilus strains also inhibited the germination of Bacillus spp. spores. Lactic and acetic acids as well as hydrogen peroxide were the most potent inhibitory agents produced by the Lb. acidophilus studied. However, some strains of Lb. acidophilus producing relatively small amounts of lactic acid in milk had a higher inhibitory activity than those producing a large quantity of lactic acid.
Resource use by large catfishes in a reservoir: is there evidence for interactive segregation and innate differences?

Blue catfish Ictalurus furcatus and channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus, two large-bodied piscivore-omnivores in Lake Texoma, Texas-Oklahoma, U.S.A. , showed very high overlap in food use, but substantial differences in use of habitat during the year. Both species primarily ate fishes, aquatic insects, vegetation and detritus, terrestrial insects, seeds and zooplankton, with overall overlap = 98%. Diet breadth indices were very similar (blue catfish=4.31, channel catfish = 4.53). Quantitative and qualitative feeding varied seasonally and food habits changed ontogenetically. Feeding intensity was greatest in winter and lowest in late summer. Aquatic insects were eaten more from May to October and fishes more in winter. At body sizes from 100 to 299 mm Ls, both species primarily ate aquatic insects, terrestrial insects, fishes or zooplankton, whereas the diets of individuals >300 mm Ls of both species were dominated by fishes. Overall, their overlap in distribution across major habitat types was only 58%, with blue catfish most abundant in deep water offshore, and channel catfish more common in shallow cove habitats. Blue catfish that did occur in coves were in the deeper parts of those habitats, essentially not occurring in the littoral zone. In lakes without blue catfish, channel catfish are widely dispersed in various habitats and it is suspected that displacement of channel catfish by blue catfish may influence habitat differences of the two species in Lake Texoma. Because the spatial separation of the species also reflects their typical interspecific differences in unimpounded drainages, however, the habitat differences observed in Lake Texoma probably also reflect evolved, historical differences in ecology of the two species.
Effects of Abscisic Acid on Drought Responses of Kentucky Bluegrass

Abscisic acid (ABA) is an important hormone regulating plant response to drought stress. The objective of this study was to investigate effects of exogenous ABA application on turf performance and physiological activities of kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.) in response to drought stress. Plants of two kentucky bluegrass cultivars, 'Brilliant' (drought susceptible) and 'Midnight' (drought tolerant), were treated with ABA (100 µM) or water by foliar application and then grown under drought stress (no irrigation) or well-watered (irrigation on alternate days) conditions in a growth chamber. The two cultivars responded similarly to ABA application under both watering regimes. Foliar application of ABA had no effects on turf quality or physiological parameters under well-watered conditions. ABA application, however, helped maintain higher turf quality and delayed the quality decline during drought stress, compared to the untreated control. ABA-treated plants exposed to drought stress had higher cell membrane stability, as indicated by less electrolyte leakage of leaves, and higher photochemical efficiency, expressed as Fv/Fm, compared to untreated plants. Leaf water potential was not significantly affected, whereas leaf turgor pressure increased with ABA application after 9 and 12 d of drought. Osmotic adjustment increased with ABA application, and was sustained for a longer period of drought in 'Midnight' than in 'Brilliant'. The results suggested that exogenous ABA application improved turf performance during drought in both drought-sensitive and tolerant cultivars of kentucky bluegrass. This positive effect of ABA could be related to increased osmotic adjustment, cell turgor maintenance, and reduced damage to cell membranes and the photosynthetic system.
The Influence of Personality Traits on Mobile Phone Application Preferences

Understanding mobile phone users' preferences and behavior is essential for the commercial success of new application development. This study aims to enhance this understanding by identifying the personality traits associated with smart phone application use. Multiple regressions were used to analyze results from a sample of 233 participants. Consistent with recent personality research, we found that the "Big Five" personality dimensions are related to the application of smartphone technology. Extroverted individuals reported greater importance on gaming applications, but they viewed productivity applications as less important. Also, neurotics placed greater importance on travel applications, while less conscientious people indicated that communication, productivity, and utilities applications were less important to them.
Seasonal variation in photosynthesis and diel carbon balance under natural conditions in two Peperomia species that differ with respect to leaf anatomy1

Abstract The occurrence of crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) and C3 photosynthetic activities in Peperomia species has been linked to the differential distribution of C3 and C4 photosynthetic enzymes within the distinct leaf tissue layers. Our objectives were to test if relative thickness of the spongy mesophyll layer is an indication of CAM and if the distribution of water in the leaf tissue changes in response to drought. Under field conditions we studied photosynthesis and water relations of Peperomia obtusifolia and P. macrostachya, species that differ in leaf anatomy. Gas exchange and titratable acidity were measured over a complete 24 hour photoperiod. Plant water status was determined at dawn while chlorophyll a fluorescence data were collected during the day (12 noon). Thickness of the distinct leaf layers was determined with the aid of a calibrated light microscope. Gas exchange and titratable acidity showed that when well-hydrated, P. obtusifolia has typical C3 activity and P. macrostachya has typical CAM activity with spongy mesophyll layer thickness of 26% and 76% respectively. With almost the same proportion of spongy layer, P. macrostachya was found to exhibit reduced CAM activity while P. obtusifolia switch from C3 to CAM during the dry season. During the dry season, P. macrostachya did not show significant change in leaf osmotic potential, whereas P. obtusifolia had a significant increase at dawn, likely due to malic accumulation. Relative water content (RWC) was reduced significantly for both species during the dry season with severe reduction in P. macrostachya. Though there was a drastic reduction in RWC, no change in thickness was noticed within the water storing hydrenchyma. This, in addition to reduced CAM activity, could be an adaptation by the plant to drought. We also found that the distribution of water in the leaf tissue changes in response to drought, from the hydrenchyma to the chlorenchyma in P. obtusifolia, but not the case in P. macrostachya. Chlorophyll a fluorescence parameters Fo and qN were significantly higher during the dry season for both species, in contrast to Fv/Fm and ΦPSII values, an indication of photoinhibition resulting from drought. Thus, under well watered and natural conditions, a thicker spongy mesophyll correlates with the presence of CAM in the species studied.
Dampak Pornografi Terhadap Perilaku Siswa dan Upaya Guru Pembimbing untuk Mengatasinya

Abstract Easily access movies / videos porno allows teens / students freely watch, causing a tendency for teens / students to watch porn movies over and over - again. This leads to difficulty concentrating in learning, resulting in lower student learning outcomes. This study aims to reveal how the effects of pornography on adolescent sexual behavior / student. This study used a descriptive approach. The results showed that the impact of pornography on sexual behavior so students, in this case the tutor is not optimal (low) in the prevention efforts so that students are not accessing pornography
CANOLA MEAL AND EGG SIZE

Two experiments were conducted to study the effect of canola-meal-supplemented laying diets on egg size. In diets where canola protein made up half or all of the supplemental protein, egg size was significantly reduced as compared to a corn-soybean control diet. With the canola meal diets, on a percentage basis, feed intake was reduced by a percentage similar to that of egg weight. Reduced egg size was also observed when laying hens were fed corn-soybean meal diets containing 10% canola meal with various dietary supplements. In most cases where smaller egg size was noted, the energy intake of the hens was also reduced. Measurement of egg shell, yolk and albumen weight indicated that a reduction in a particular component of the egg is not the reason for the smaller egg size. It would appear that reduced feed intake or more specifically, reduced energy intake, may account for the smaller egg size that has been reported with canola-meal-supplemented laying diets. Key words: Canola meal, egg size, laying hens