Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Outlier Pattern Detection in Time Series Sequences using Standard Deviation and Mean

: Outlier pattern detection is one of the important data mining tasks. In general everything follows a particular pattern. Finding this patterns in time series data is known as pattern mining. Outlier is unusual or surprising pattern which occur rarely in datasets. Event or sequence of events are frequent when they have frequencies greater than defined frequency. This defined frequency is usually the mean of frequencies corresponding to each pattern. This mean estimator is sometimes a biased estimator, and gives incorrect results. Therefore, suffix tree based approach using standard deviation is used. This is pattern searching approach and concerned with the frequency of patterns. This approach uses (mean-3*standard deviation) for the comparison of pattern’s frequency instead of mean. As per the (68-95-99.7) rule of the statistics, 99.7 % of the values of the data are in the three standard deviations of the mean. The three-sigma rule states that at least 88.8% accuracy can be achieved even for non-normally distributed variables. Therefore proposed approach is better in eliminating wrong patterns and finding the accurate outlier patterns. Four different datasets have been used. The existing method detects some wrong candidate outlier patterns, which are eliminated in the proposed approach. Results show that 64.27% wrong patterns are eliminated as compared to existing methods with mean; in addition, 16% improvement in time is also achieved over the existing method.
Chemical profiles as chemotaxonomic tools for Loranthaceae in Nigeria

The Loranthaceae species are widespread throughout most regions of the world, and are used for various medicinal and ethnopharmacological purposes. However, the species vary in their pharmacological activity, sometimes in correlation with the species from same ecological region or host plant, due to variation in the chemical profiles. This has led to great emphasis on caution in identification and collection for use. The wide array of secondary metabolites in Loranthaceae species are believed to be of chemotaxonomic importance. In this study, the leaves of seven Nigeria species from different ecological locations were screened for the profiles of their secondary metabolites with a view towards establishing chemotaxonomic significance. The results show the complete absence of alkaloid from all the species. Over 80% of the species tested positive for balsam, flavonoids and phenols, more than 70% tested positive for tannins, 60% for saponins and about 50% tested positive for glycosides and volatile oils. Resins, phlobatannin, terpenes, sterols and anthraquinones were present in less than 50% of the species. Some metabolites were completely absent in one or more species. The patterns displayed could be of chemotaxonomic importance for Loranthaceae in Nigeria. Key words: Loranthaceae, chemotaxonomy, secondary metabolites, Nigeria.
Growth performance and carcass traits of Karadi growing lambs

Carcass yield of fat-tailed Karadi lambs was investigated. A total of 32 The Karadi lambs screened from various commercial sheep flocks from four different geographic zones (Sharazoor, Halabja, Sharbazher, and Penjween) in Sulaimani governorate, Kurdistan, Iraq. Eight lambs from each of the 4 ecological zones were randomly assigned to 2 feeding treatments (concentrate diet vs. whole barley grain) at a level of 2% of their body weights with 4-6 hours a day stubble grazing. Results revealed that overall means weights recorded at slaughter (38.263 ±1.4 kg), hot carcass (17.199 ±0.8 kg), dressing percentage (44.901 ±1.1%), neck (0.436 ±0.02 kg), shoulder (1.633 ±0.1 kg), loin (0.529 ±0.03 kg), rack (0.782 ±0.1 kg), breast (0.577 ±0.03 kg), fore shank (0.448 ±0.03 kg) and flank (0.276 ±0.02 kg). Overall means of fat thickness, rib eye area and kidney and pelvic fat were 1.790 ±0.3 mm, 13.967 ±0.6 cm. Types of feed (barley or concentrate) had no statistical effects on carcass characteristics. Lambs fed barley recorded marginally higher weight at slaughtering, neck, head, feet, leg, shoulder, breast and fore shank as well as rib eye area. On the other hand, lambs fed concentrate had unmarked higher weights of hot carcass, heart, liver, kidney, tests, kidney and pelvic fat, tail, loin, rack and flank as well as higher dressing percentage and fat thickness. Geographic location affected weight at slaughter and some other carcass traits. It was concluded that there was a high genetic variation in carcass traits of lambs from different geographic location in Sulaimani province.
On the Annonaceae of Taman Negara, Peninsular Malaysia*

Annonaceae is one of the most common and importantfamilies in the wet tropical rain forests in Southeast Asia. Many of thespecies are endemics. Members of Asiatic Annonaceae have also beenknown to be utilised locally as medicinal plants and other ethnobotanicaluses, especially in in a post partum medicine. Taxonomic analysis ofmembers of Annonaceae in Taman Negara, Peninsular Malaysia wascarried out based on specimens lodged at the Herbaria of UniversitiKebangsaan Malaysia (UKMB), Singapore Botanic Gardens (SING),Forest Research Institute Malaysia (KEP), Universiti Malaya (KLU) andUniversiti Putra Malaysia (UPM). Additional materials were obtainedduring recent expeditions especially the PERHILITAN-UKM 1997Merapoh Expedition and subsequent follow-ups trips where fieldobservations and new collections had discovered several more species,some of them are rare, endemics or otherwise very interesting recentcollections such as Pseuduvaria nervosa, Pseuduvaria galeata, Sageraealanceolata and Trivalvaria pumila. These are extremely rare endemics,with few collections from the surrounding areas near Taman Negara by theearly collectors. These findings are very significant to support the total andobsolute protection of this national reserve since most of the otherlocalities outside the Park are no longer viable ecosystems. A total of 80species in 32 genera of Annonaceae (out of 201 Peninsular Malaysianspecies) were recorded from Taman Negara at present enumerated in this account.
Explanations within Conversational Recommendation Systems: Improving Coverage through Knowledge Graph Embeddings

We propose techniques for explanation generation in conversational recommendation systems. The idea is that explanations can be generated by exploring a knowledge graph, but to improve coverage one must complete the knowledge graph using embeddings. We present a method that searches for explanations using a knowledge graph and associated embed-dings; the search is designed to be fast enough to be useful in an interactive context. We describe experiments that validate our proposal, showing that it is superior to alternatives.
Broadening the Genetic Base of Soybean: A Multidisciplinary Approach

Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr. ] is an economically important legume with 2n = 40 chromosomes, whose seeds contain an average of 40% protein and 20% oil, and its plants enrich the soil by fixing nitrogen in symbiosis with nitrogen-fixing bacteria. World soybean production has doubled in the past twenty years to over 220 million metric tons in 2006; the producing countries are U.S.A. , Brazil, Argentina, China, and India. Soybean was domesticated in East Asia from its wild annual progenitor G. soja Sieb. & Zucc. (2n = 40). There are 26 wild perennial species, indigenous to Australia, of the subgenus Glycine but a common progenitor with 2n = 20 chromosomes has not been identified, and it may be extinct. It has been demonstrated that Glycine species are of either of allo-or auto-tetraploid origin. The cytogenetic knowledge of soybean lags far behind that of other model important crops (rice, maize, wheat, tomato), because it's somatic chromosomes are symmetrical, and only one pair of satellite chromosomes can be identified. Pachytene chromosome analysis created a chromosome map that has laid the foundation for producing primary trisomics. Several molecular linkage maps have been developed, but only 11 of the 20 molecular linkage groups (MLGs) have been associated with specific chromosomes. The genetic base of modern soybean cultivars is narrow and soybean breeders are confined to crossing within the primary gene pool (GP-1). Soybean does not have secondary gene pool (GP-2). Exploitation of the tertiary and quaternary gene pools (GP-3, GP-4) has been attempted but ended at the amphidiploid stage. A methodology for producing fertile lines derived from G. max and G. tomentella (2n = 78) cross has been developed, thereby making introgression of useful genes from GP-3. Genetic transformation has produced Roundup Ready® Soybeans, resistant to glyphosate herbicide.
Phylogeny and systematic position of Mesoptychia (Lindb.)

A phylogenetic analysis of the leafy liverwort genus Mesoptychia (incl. Leiocolea and Hattoriella), using two chloroplast markers, rbcL and rps4, was performed to clarify the circumscription of the genus and to establish its systematic position within the Jungermanniales. Ten species and one variety of Mesoptychia (out of a total of 17 accepted specific names), together with 85 species from 57 genera representing different lineages of Jungermanniales, were sampled. The results support the monophyly of Mesoptychia and its inclusion within the Jungermanniaceae, which itself forms a clade with the Delavayellaceae. Gymnocolea borealis, previously treated under Leiocolea (= Mesoptychia), is nested in the Anastrophyllaceae. The synonymy of Hattoriella with Mesoptychia is phylogenetically confirmed. Four major clades are identified within Mesoptychia and their circumscriptions and distinguishing morphological features are discussed. CAILLIAU, Ariane, et al. Phylogeny and systematic position of Mesoptychia (Lindb.) A. Evans. Plant Systematics and Evolution, 2013, vol. 299, no. 7, p. 1243-1251 DOI : 10.1007/s00606-013-0792-z
Biological effects of gamma rays on aromatic rice

Immediate mutagenic effects of 250Gy, 350Gy and 450Gy gamma rays were studied on four genotypes of aromatic rice, derived from two popular aromatic landraces of West Bengal, Gobindabhog and Tulaipanja. In general, germination percentage, root length, shoot length, seedling vigour index, plant height, spikelet number per panicle, spikelet fertility (%), grain yield per plant and survival at maturity decreased with increase in dose at variable rate due to negative effect of mutation. Panicle number was increased in all the irradiated population over control, which might be due to stimulatory effect of mutagen. Panicle length remained almost unaffected. The results indicated the differential sensitivity of the genotypes and characters to radiation treatment.
Tropical rodents change rapidly germinating seeds into long-term food supplies

Seed-hoarding vertebrates may survive yearly periods of food scarcity by storing seeds during the preceding fruiting season. It is poorly understood why rodents creating long-term reserves, especially those in the tropics, incorporate seeds from plant species that germinate rapidly and hence seem unsuitable for long-term storage. We carried out a series of experiments to understand why red acouchies (Myoprocta exilis) scatter-hoard Carapa procera (Meliaceae) seeds, which lack dormancy and germinate rapidly. Hypotheses tested were: (1) even germinated seeds are still significant long-term energy reserves for acouchies, (2) acouchies use the seeds only as short-term supplies, and (3) acouchies manipulate the seeds to slow down germination. The first two hypotheses were not supported; seed reserves were rapidly depleted during experimental planting, and acouchies did use seeds for long-term storage. We did find support for the third hypothesis. Acouchies intervened in germination by removing the protruding radicle and epicotyl after which they re-cached seeds. Pruning stopped further seedling development, yet the pruned seeds did not decay. The cotyledons apparently stayed alive and physiologically active as "zombie seeds" that only formed undifferentiated calli. Pruned seeds were suitable for long-term storage, with negligible loss of endosperm over time. Pruning was most effective after sprouting of the epicotyl, and germinating seeds were most susceptible to pruning during two weeks upon emergence. Acouchies actively managed their food supplies and must continuously survey for germinating seeds to timely intervene in seed reserve depletion, within the brief period of seedling emergence. We suggest that the trees use the rodents to achieve seed dispersal, and gain from imperfect intervention in germination by the rodents. Because scatter-hoarding rodents and large-seeded plant species with similar germination co-occur in tropical forests world-wide, it is plausible that the phenomenon of seed pruning to preserve seeds is more general than currently appreciated.
Fruit and seed traits of the elephant-dispersed African savanna plant Balanites maughamii

Abstract: Balanites maughamii appears to be an obligate elephant-dispersed species. Its fruits are strongly scented and produce a large range of volatiles, particularly aliphatic acids such as hexanoic and isovaleric acid. The seed coat can resist a compression force of >1.5 kN. Seeds removed from the seed coat, and those from compressed seeds or from elephant dung, have better germination than seeds enclosed by undamaged seed-coats, which largely failed to germinate over a 2-mo period. Mastication by elephants may be necessary to split the seed coat to allow germination and the germinant to emerge from the seed coat. We identify four traits of elephant-dispersed fruits; they are dull-coloured, presented on the ground, strongly scented and have exceptionally strong seed coats.
Paleomagnetic and Structural Analysis of Geothermal Drill Core from Akutan, Alaska

Hot Springs Bay Valley (HSBV) geothermal resource area on Akutan Island, Alaska, has increased fluid output and temperature by almost a magnitude, between 1981 and 2012 (Bergfeld et al., 2014). These increases have been attributed to increased permeability along NW-SE trending faults that may have been activated during a seismic swarm in 1996. In 2010 two unoriented drill cores were collected in Hot Springs Bay geothermal resource area. In this study I reorient sections from one of the highly fractured cores with paleomagnetic data to test this model of geothermal reservoir evolution at Akutan. The core is composed of interlayered island arc volcanic rocks, volcaniclastic rocks, and shallow marine mudstones. Paleomagnetic samples were collected from the volcanic rocks. Continuous sections of the core were reoriented using the declination of the remanent magnetization (RM) as an indication of geographic north. Structure from motion software was used to create digital reconstructions of the core from photographs. The resulting core images were then flattened with a cylindrical projection into a 2D depiction of the outside of the core. The orientation of structural features and the relationships between them were measured from these projections, while the mineralogy and rake of slickenlines were determined in hand sample. Veins with slickenfibers were separated by mineralogy and the Multiple Inverse Method (MIM) (Yamaji, 2000) was employed to calculate the stress regime that produced each set of shear veins. Results suggest that NNE dipping transtensional calcite filled shear veins are the result of periodic rupture possibly caused by inflation of the volcano due to dike emplacement and represent recharge of the reservoir. NNW trending chlorite filled shear veins are the result of normal overburden pressure alternating with NNW horizontal compression and likely represent the northward migration of heated fluids to the reservoir. Cross cutting relations indicate that NE and SW dipping, NW-SE normal faults are conjugate and have ruptured repeatedly. Therefore, events like the 1996 seismic swarm, which produced NW trending surface ground cracks, have likely acted to maintain permeability throughout the lifetime of the geothermal system at Akutan. I propose that the increased fluid flow and heat output recorded by Bergfeld et al. (2014) is the result of a recharge event initiated by the rupture of NE and SW dipping structures.
Front-runners: predators or liquidity providers?

I develop a dynamic model of strategic trading where front-running occurs in equilibrium. I show that the presence of a front-runner may uniformly improve liquidity in all states, while episodic presence of a frontrunner shifts liquidity towards the states where he is present. Improved liquidity increases welfare, but state-contingent restrictions of front-running may be beneficial because it moves liquidity to those periods where it is most needed. The effect of restricting front-running without taking into account the effect on liquidity is different and may improve welfare for some traders. This reconciles the conventional ”predatory” view of front-running with the ”welfareand liquidity-improving” view of this paper. The model provides novel empirical predictions on how temporary and permanent price impacts are affected differently by the expected length of a liquidity event. I provide empirical support for key predictions of the model using an event where the departure of a non-fundamental trader caused a long-lasting reduction in liquidity. ∗EPFL and Swiss Finance Institute. Email: erik.hapnes@epfl.ch
Adverse effect of higher waist circumference in assisted reproductive technology outcomes

Background and purpose: Studies on the influence of obesity on the outcomes of treatment with assisted reproductive technologies (ART) are contradictory, although most have demonstrated a negative impact. The contribution of abdominal obesity, an effective marker of dysfunctional adipose tissue, has been poorly investigated. Methods: Observational cohort study. All women (N=578) who underwent ART treatment at the fertility centre of a Portuguese University Hospital during the study period were included. The women’s body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) were evaluated at the beginning of the stimulation cycle. They underwent controlled ovarian hyperstimulation with long agonist or short antagonist/agonist protocols. Data were stratified in two groups, according to the women’s WC-based metabolic risk (defined according to Portuguese national guidelines): lower metabolic risk (WC < 88 cm) and higher metabolic risk (WC ≥ 88 cm). Results: The women with a WC < 88 cm had a higher number of oocytes collected (≈ 8% more, p=0.049), a higher number of mature oocytes (≈ 20% more, p=0.010), a higher number of fertilized oocytes (≈ 28 more, p=0.017) and a lower gonadotropin requirement (≈ 10% less, p=0.042) than the women with a WC ≥ 88 cm. The chance of fertilization occurring was two times higher in women with a WC < 88 cm (OR [95% CI]:2.04 [1.04-4.00]). No significant associations were observed between WC group and pregnancy, live birth, cycle cancellation and miscarriage rates. Conclusions: Women with a higher WC have poorer ART treatment outcomes, namely a lower number of oocytes collected, a lower number of mature oocytes, and a lower number of fertilized oocytes. This study highlights the importance of considering fat distribution in the quest to clarify the impact of obesity on ART treatment outcomes. According to our results, women with a WC ≥ 88 cm have poorer outcomes. It would be important to consider women’s fat distribution when counseling and predicting ART treatment outcomes, particularly in terms of ovarian stimulation and oocyte quality.
EXCHANGES OF WATER IN THE FROG

WATER is the liquid in which a huge number of living organisms exist. Among aquatic organisms the exchanges of water have been most extensively studied in the common frog; hence it is natural to present the information for this species as indicating the types of processes concerned in transfers and equilibria of water. Anatomically two groups of exchanges are present : between body and environment and between one tissue and another. Physiologically the same factors and forces operate in both groups, but, as will be seen, in diverse proportions. An aquatic organism differs in its water relations from any other kind of living being. Terrestrial animals are clothed in hide or in chitin, which limits their intake of water to the surfaces of the alimentary canal. Terrestrial plants resist water exchanges above ground, but are essentially aquatic below ground. Aquatic organisms meet different problems, depending upon whether they live in the salty ocean or in fresh water. For, marine invertebrates and plants are very nearly in osmotic equilibrium with their environments ; but fresh-water animals or plants maintain concentrated bodies in a highly dilute environment. The data to be reviewed elucidate how this result is accomplished in the frog.
Antiinflammatory Activity of Some Medicinal Plants of the United Arab Emirates

AbstractThe antiinflammatory activity of 22 plants used in folk medicine, or indigenous in the United Arab Emirates, was tested using the carrageenan-induced rat paw edema method. Three plants (Citrullus colocynthis, Hammada elegans and Rhazya stricta) showed such activity. Activity-guided fractionation of Hammada elegans extract led to the isolation of a single active compound which was identified as piperidine hydrochloride. Citrullus colocynthis-m^aced antiinflammatory activity may by due to loss of body water.
Interactive comment on “Seasonal variations in the high time-resolved aerosol composition, sources, and chemical process of background submicron particles in North China Plain” by

This study was conducted at a regional background site of NCP for four seasons us-ing a high-resolution aerosol mass spectrometer. Highly time-resolved chemistry and sources of submicron aerosols were investigated. The authors found that nitrate was the most abundant inorganic species and submicron particles were almost neutralized by excess ammonium in all seasons except summer. Source apportionment of organic aerosol (OA) identiïˇn ˛Aed two oxidized OAs, more-oxidized oxygenated OA (MO-OOA) and less-oxidized oxygenated OA (LO-OOA) in all seasons. Signiïˇn ˛Acant contributions of aged secondary organic aerosol in OA were observed in all seasons, especially in summer. The oxidation degree and evolution process of OAs in the four seasons and the comparison with urban studies were further investigated. Overall, the long-term dataset provided in this study is a valuable addition to the literature. I recommend publication after the following issues are addressed.
Children born to women with PCOS-short and long-term impact on health and development Narrative review

Short narrative abstract Maternal PCOS status may negatively influence offspring infant and childhood growth, cardiometabolic health, reproductive health and neurodevelopment. Current findings across studies are divergent, often because of small numbers of subjects, as well as heterogeneous selection criteria, ethnicity and definition of control groups. Co-existing maternal obesity, pregnancy complications and comorbidity make it difficult to identify the contribution of maternal PCOS. Large, prospective, international multiethnic studies with standardized investigation protocols and questionnaires on PCOS-offspring health and development are needed.