Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The molecular subtyping of Human rhinovirus(HRV) in children from 1 three Sub-Saharan African countries 2

The pathogenesis of Human rhinovirus(HRV) during severe respiratory disease remains 23 undefined thus we aimed to explore the relationship between HRV molecular subtyping 24 during severe and asymptomatic childhood infections. Nasopharyngeal/oropharyngeal swabs 25 from children(1-59 months) hospitalized with pneumonia and age-frequency matched controls 26 were collected between August 2011 – August 2013. Swabs were tested for respiratory 27 pathogens, including HRV, using quantitative real-time PCR assays. HRV positive samples 28 were sequenced for phylogenetic analysis by targeting the 5’ non coding region. Our data 29 showed that there was no difference in the prevalence of HRV detection among cases and 30 controls(21% vs. 20%, P= 0.693); however, among children 13-59 months old, HRV detection 31 was more often case-associated(21% vs. 16%; P= 0.009) mainly driven by HRV-C ( 12% vs. 32 7%; P= 0.001). Overall there were no differences in the molecular subtyping of the HRV 33 species prevalence among cases(HRV-A:48%; HRV-B:7%; HRV-C:45%) and controls(HRV- 34 A:45%; HRV-B:10%; HRV-C:45%, P= 0.496). Compared to HRV-A cases, those with 35 pneumonia and HRV-C were older(12.1 vs. 9.4 months, P= 0.033) and more likely to present 36 with wheeze(35% vs. 25%, P= 0.031). Thus HRV detection was high with similar degree of 37 genetic diversity among both cases and controls, confounding the interpretation of presence of 38 HRV in nasopharyngeal samples for attributing a casual role in the pathogenesis of severe 39 pneumonia in infants. However, amongst children 13-59 months of age HRV detection, in 40 particular HRV-C, was associated with case status, especially amongst children with 41 wheezing disease.
HYDROCEPHALUS IN CASES OF TUBERCULOUS MENINGITIS

Tuberculosis meningitis (TBM) is a serious public health problem in developing countries as it leads to significant mortality and residual neurological squeal. The estimated mortality due to TBM in Asia is 1.5 per 100,000 populations. Objectives: To determine the frequency of hydrocephalus in cases of TBM presenting to the Department of Medicine and Pulmonology, Sheikh Zayed Hospital, Rahim Yar Khan. Material & methods: This was a cross sectional study conducted during January 2019 to June 2019 conducted at Al Nafees Medical college and Hospital, Islamabad. The detailed demographic data was collected. Cases fulfilling the criteria of TBM underwent CT scan of brain (with IV contrast) for confirmation of TBM at the Department of Radiology, Sheikh Zayed hospital Rahim Yar Khan. Results: In this study there were 186 cases, out of which 108 were males and 78 females with mean of 35.29±11.17 years. Hydrocephalus was seen in 122 (65.59%) cases. It was seen significantly higher in male group where it caused it in 80 out of 108 males (74.1%) with p value of 0.04. In context of age groups with respect to hydrocephalus it was seen maximum in patients with age group of 31 to 40 years affecting 24 (80%) out of 30 of its respective group. with p value of 0.24. Hydrocephalus was observed maximum in stage I of TBM where it affected 1 out of 5 cases followed by stage II with 36 of 52 cases with p= 0.44. Conclusion: Hydrocephalus is an important and deadly complication of tuberculous meningitis and is noted in every 2 (65.59%) out of 3 cases. There is significant association of male gender with hydrocephalus.
REVEALING THE FACTORS CAUSING MALNUTRITION IN INFANTS: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY

Objective: The main objective of the present study was to get knowledge about the diet routines of low weight emaciated children having age less than five years. Study Design: Cross-sectional description base study. Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted at Pediatric ward of Holy Family Hospital (HFH), Rawalpindi for the duration of six months from March, 2018 to August, 2018. Materials and Methods: A total number of 151 children were selected for the study that were having low body weight and looked emaciated. Non-probability convenient method was used for the selection and their eating routines were decided. The data was collected through already designed questionnaire after taking parents of the children into confidence. SPSS-16 was used to analyze the gathered information. Different variables were calculated through descriptive statistics. Weighing machines and measuring tapes were used during the information gathering process. Results: The current study consists of a total of 151 children having age < 5 years. Percentage of males and females was as 64.2 % (97) and 35.8% (54) respectively, urban and rural areas as 19.2% and 80.8% accordingly; school going and non-school going as 6.60% respectively. With 54% of highest ratio, occupation of children’s fathers was laborer and mothers were housewife of 95.4% emaciated children. 62.9% mothers were illiterate and 62.3% mothers fully breast fed their infants. 51% babies were fed through feeder bottle. Chronic disease was not found in a large number of children. Vaccination was carried out in 85% children and no signs of measles were observed in the children. Conclusion :Subsequently studying the malnourishment amongst kids having age of 5 years by means of various variables found that basic reasons of malnutrition is insignificant eating routines as unfamiliarity about prominence of absolute breast feeding, early termination of breast feeding, formula milk usage, illiteracy of parents, lack of essential nutrients in their food which prevent the body functioning normally and poverty.
NPV approach to material requirements planning theory – a 50-year review of these research achievements

The Material Requirements Planning (MRP) Theory celebrates 50 years of its development. Because delays are Inevitable, Grubbström developed a theory where delays are calculated in the space of complex variables. Using his approach to evaluate time and exposure to risk in complex production-inventory systems is much easier when dealing with multiple delays. Working in the space of complex variables, which describe production flows and cash flows associated with items, it is easier to derive the NPV of activities in the system. This approach allows for a better evaluation of the impacts on the exposure to risks and rescheduling. We presented the development of this theory since 1967 when Grubbström published his first economic article on Laplace Transforms in production and investments. We discuss possible directions for further progress towards age management, environmental sustainability and closed-loop control, risk evaluation, and agile rescheduling in the framework of Industry 4.0. The overview includes the canon of Grubbström’s work to be used as a reference for researchers, who are aware of the importance of correct and accurate timing for the economic evaluation of technical systems. It also underlines an open question: Can this approach support the development of more transparent and resilient financial systems for financing global inventories?
DETERMINANTS OF INDONESIAN BANKING PROFITABILITY

This study aims to investigate determinants of Indonesian banking profitability. The determinants of banking profitability are bank specifics and macroeconomic indicators. This study uses balanced panel data involving 18 banks in Indonesia for the period 2009-2019. The research method used is panel regression method. Empirical findings indicate that bank specifics, such as bank liquidity and capital, have a positive and significant effect on banking profitability, while the cost-to-income ratio and leverage has a negative and significant effect on banking profitability. The results of this study have considerable implications for policy. The government needs to regulate inflation, exchange rates, and interest rates. The results of this study can help policy makers, governments, bankers, and bank managers to better understand the various determinants of bank profitability.
An adaptive fuzzy image smoothing filter for Gaussian noise

This paper presents a Gaussian noise filter that uses a sigmoid shaped membership function to model image information in the spatial domain. This function acts as a tunable smoothing intensification operator. With a proper choice of two sigmoid parameters 't' and 'a', the filter strength can be tuned for removal of Gaussian noise in intensity images. An image information measure, Total Compatibility is used to adaptively select these sigmoid parameters. A visible improvement in the smoothness of images is observed, and the output of filter is also compared with those of other standard smoothing methods.
Collagen Modulates the Biological Characteristics of WJ-MSCs in Basal and Osteoinduced Conditions

Transcriptomic analysis revealed mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) from various origins exhibited distinct gene and protein expression profiles dictating their biological properties. Although collagen type 1 (COL) has been widely studied in bone marrow MSCs, its role in regulating cell fate of Wharton jelly- (WJ-) MSCs is not well understood. In this study, we investigated the effects of collagen on the characteristics of WJ-MSCs associated with proliferation, surface markers, adhesion, migration, self-renewal, and differentiation capabilities through gene expression studies. The isolated WJ-MSCs expressed positive surface markers but not negative markers. Gene expression profiles showed that COL not only maintained the pluripotency, self-renewal, and immunophenotype of WJ-MSCs but also primed cells toward lineage differentiations by upregulating BMP2 and TGFB1 genes. Upon osteoinduction, WJ-MSC-COL underwent osteogenesis by switching on the transcription of BMP6/7 and TGFB3 followed by activation of downstream target genes such as INS, IGF1, RUNX2, and VEGFR2 through p38 signalling. This molecular event was also accompanied by hypomethylation at the OCT4 promoter and increase of H3K9 acetylation. In conclusion, COL provides a conducive cellular environment in priming WJ-MSCs that undergo a lineage specification upon receiving an appropriate signal from extrinsic factor. These findings would contribute to better control of fate determination of MSCs for therapeutic applications related to bone disease.
Influence of the Level of Emergency Medical Facility on the Short-Term Treatment Results of Cardiac Arrest: Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest and Interhospital Transfer

Objective This study aimed to elucidate whether direct transport of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) patients to higher-level emergency medical centres (EMCs) would result in better survival compared to resuscitation in smaller local emergency departments (EDs) and subsequent transfer. Methods This study was a retrospective population-based analysis of cases registered in the national database of 2019. This study investigated the immediate results of cardiopulmonary resuscitation for OHCA compared between EMCs and EDs and the results of therapeutic temperature management (TTM) compared between the patients directly transported from the field and those transferred from other hospitals. In-hospital mortality was compared using multivariate logistic regression. Results From the population dataset, 11,493 OHCA patients were extracted. (8,912 in the EMC group vs. 2,581 in the ED group). Multivariate logistic regression revealed that the odds for ED mortality were lower with treatment in EDs than with treatment in EMCs. (odds ratio 0.712 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.638–0.796)). From the study dataset, 1,798 patients who received TTM were extracted. (1,164 in the direct visit group vs. 634 in the transferred group). Multivariate regression analysis showed that the odds ratio for overall mortality was 1.411 (95% CI: 0.809–2.446) in the transferred group. (p = 0.220). Conclusion The immediate outcome of OHCA patients who were transported to EDs was not inferior to that of EMCs. Therefore, it would be acceptable to transport OHCA patients to the nearest emergency facilities rather than to the specialized centres in distant areas.
Train running safety on non-ballasted bridges

ABSTRACT The train running safety on non-ballasted bridges is studied based on safety indices from the vertical wheel–rail forces. A 2D train–track–bridge interaction model that allows for wheel–rail contact loss is adopted for a comprehensive parametric study on high-speed passenger trains. The relation between bridge response and vehicle response is studied for more than 200 theoretical bridges in 1–3 spans. The bridge’s influence on running safety and passenger comfort is differentiated from the influence of the track irregularities. The Eurocode bridge deck acceleration limit for non-ballasted bridges is 5 m/s2 based on the assumed derailment risk at 1 g from wheel–rail contact loss. This study shows that the running safety indices are not compromised for bridge accelerations up to 30 m/s2. Thus, accelerations at 1 g do not in itself lead to contact loss and there is potential to enhance the Eurocode safety limits for non-ballasted bridges.
Pingyangmycin Activates Oral Carcinoma Cell Autophagy via the Phosphorylation of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR Axis to Achieve the Purpose of Treating Oral Carcinoma

Objective The aim of the study is to investigate the role of pingyangmycin (PYM) in oral carcinoma (OC) cell autophagy via the PI3K/AKT/mTOR axis. Methods 200 μL PYM culture solution with a concentration of 100 μg/ml (low PYM (L-PYM) group), 300 μg/ml (middle PYM (M-PYM) group), 500 μg/ml (high PYM (H-PYM) group), and the same amount of conventional medium (normal control (NC)) were added to the purchased OC cell line SCC-25, respectively, and the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway expression, autophagy protein levels, cell activity, and apoptosis rate were determined. Subsequently, we selected OC cells co-cultured with PYM with the concentration of the most significant intervention effect and 740Y-P, a specific activator of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR axis, and those treated with 740Y-P alone for the aforementioned detection. Results L-PYM, M-PYM, and H-PYM groups all showed decreased PI3K, AKT, mTOR, and phosphorylated protein levels (P < 0.05). Beclin1 and LC3-II protein levels and apoptosis rate of PYM-intervened OC cells increased, but the activity decreased (P < 0.05). Under 740Y-P intervention, the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway was activated, cell activity was increased, and the apoptosis rate and autophagy were decreased (P < 0.05). Simultaneous use of PYM and 740Y-P led to no difference in cell condition compared with NC (P > 0.05P>0.05). Conclusion PYM can activate OC cell autophagy by inhibiting the phosphorylation of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR axis, and thus, achieving the goal of killing tumor cells.
The Influence of Work from Home on Job Performance among Academicians in Kelantan, Malaysia: Mediating Role of Employee Work Motivation

The goal of this study is to see how work-from-home affects job performance. It posits work motivation as mediating variables, and investigates how work-from-home affects employee performance via these characteristics. The findings have ramifications for companies looking to assess the efficiency of their work-from-home policy. This is especially true in the wake of the coronavirus outbreak. The study's original contribution is its questionnaire, which has been tailored to alterations caused by COVID-19. Lecturers were given a printed questionnaire to complete as part of the data collection process. The questionnaire, which included a Likert scale, personally distributed to respondents via the officer in charge to 190 lecturers. A total of 165 people took part in the survey. This study employed regression analysis to answer the research questions. Employees who worked from home reported higher levels of motivation, which improved job performance. While the validity of this study is limited to how these benefits are expressed in higher education institution at Kok Lanas, it may have external validity in other COVID-19-affected Public Higher Institution in Malaysia.
A randomised experimental study comparing perceptions of two energy drink health warning labels

Abstract Issue addressed Consumption of energy drinks is a public health concern, particularly in adolescents and young adults. This study explored energy drink consumers' reactions to an energy drink‐specific warning label (risk of cardiac effects) and a more general sugary drink warning label (risk of obesity). Methods An online experimental study randomly allocated Australian energy drink consumers aged 18‐39 years (N = 435) to view one of two label conditions (cardiac effects or obesity). Participants were assessed on: intention to reduce energy drink consumption, perceived health threat, perceived label effectiveness and policy support for energy drink warning labels. Results Mean intentions to reduce consumption scores were similar across the two label conditions (M obesity = 2.5, M cardiac = 2.6) overall; and were higher for the cardiac label (compared to obesity label) for some subgroups: females (M obesity = 2.3, M cardiac = 2.8; p = .037), older (25‐39 years; M obesity = 2.4, M cardiac = 2.8; p = .016); and higher education level (M obesity = 1.9, M cardiac = 2.7; p = .004). While perceived health threat measures were higher for obesity than cardiac effects, perceived label effectiveness measures of ‘believable’ and ‘relevant to me’ were higher for the cardiac label than the obesity label (believable: 71.0% vs 56.1%; relevant: 42.5% vs 29.4%). Participants who viewed the cardiac label were more likely to support policy than those shown the obesity label (OR = 1.6, 95%CI [1.1, 2.3], p = .02). Conclusions Health effect warnings labels were perceived by energy drink consumers to be impactful and are supported. Labels with energy drink‐specific health effects may offer additional benefit. So what? Policy makers can feel confident that warning labels on energy drinks will confer public health benefit.
Traffic Flow of Merging Pedestrian Crowds: How Architectural Design Affects Collective Movement Efficiency

The need for developing reliable and rigorous models that can replicate and make predictions of pedestrian crowd evacuations has necessitated an understanding of the impact of architecture on individuals’ interactions with their surroundings and the behavioral rules that govern their movements. Due to the challenges of providing such behavioral data from natural evacuations and previous crowd incidents, simulation-based and laboratory-based evacuation experiments have recently been employed as innovative data-provision approaches to study crowd behavior notably under emergency conditions. This study explores pioneer experiments of emergency escape with a view to investigating the relationship between spatial constraints and collective behavior of human crowds. Here, we make use of two types of empirical and analytical data obtained from a large number of well-controlled laboratory and evacuation simulation experiments. This study presents findings corresponding to how and to what extent the presence of conflicting layouts in egress areas, particularly merging corridors, affect the collective motion of pedestrians. The focus of attention will be on measures of performance at macroscopic level derived from both observations. Our results suggested that the movement patterns observed in both types of experiments are sensitive to the angle between the two merging streams and the symmetry/asymmetry of the merging layouts, with symmetric layouts almost invariably outperforming the asymmetric counterparts. Also, within each symmetry/asymmetry structural type, the angle at which the flows combined with each other affected the efficiency of discharge. Our findings provide further evidence as to the significant role of the architectural structure of the movement area in facilitating the traffic flow of heavy crowds of pedestrians.
New Technologies and the Transformation of Work and Skills: A Study of Computerisation and Automation of Australian Container Terminals

The increasing adoption of smart computer and robotic technologies at work has, in addition to displacing workers, significantly disrupted the traditional organisation of work and the workforce skills required. Based on a qualitative social science study, this paper discusses the ways in which these changes have affected container terminals. Specifically, we examine the transformation in the nature and content of work and the types of skills required by the workforce for the enduring and emerging jobs. We conclude that a completely different port terminal worker has emerged with a different job role and skills profile. Unlike the traditional 'wharfie' the emerging terminal worker is well educated and highly skilled. Furthermore, as physical shop floor operations are computerised and automated, greater importance is placed on soft, generic and transferable skills, with increasing emphasis on computer skills to facilitate effective work within a highly mechanised and digitalised work environment.
Does there exist an optimal budget balance to improve economic growth? empirical evidence from Asian countries

Abstract Using panel data regression of 48 countries during 2000–2019, the research aims to examine the role of budget balance on economic growth in Asia. Also, with the application of Panel Threshold Regression (PTR), the author tests the nonlinear relationship and to identify an optimal budget balance threshold to achieve the most effective economic growth. The study shows that the lower national budget deficit level is remained, the greater economic growth in Asia is driven. Additionally, it is revealed that an effective economic growth is best promoted with budget balance ranging from 22.6935% GDP to 25.1950% GDP. However, only a few of nations in the sample have achieved the optimal threshold of budget balance above during the period of research. Meanwhile, several countries in Asia have been suffering from the budget deficit for many years. Therefore, in order to stabilize the economic development, most of the Asian countries should adjust the national budget revenue and expenditure process to keep the balance properly.