Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Performance of Velicer’s Minimum Average Partial Factor Retention Method With Categorical Variables

Despite strong evidence supporting the use of Velicer’s minimum average partial (MAP) method to establish the dimensionality of continuous variables, little is known about its performance with categorical data. Seeking to fill this void, the current study takes an in-depth look at the performance of the MAP procedure in the presence of ordinal-level measurement. Using Monte Carlo methods, seven factors related to the data (sample size, factor loading, number of variables per factor, number of factors, factor correlation, number of response categories, and skewness) as well as two factors related to the MAP method (type of correlation matrix and power) were systematically manipulated. The results indicate that using polychoric correlations and the squared partial correlations leads to considerably more accurate estimations than using Pearson correlations and/or raising the partial correlations to the fourth power. Additionally, the MAP method is shown to be a biased estimator of dimensionality in two conditions: (a) for low factor loadings (.40) and (b) for medium factor loadings (.55) and a small number of variables per factor (≤ 6). The applicability of this method with categorical variables is discussed in the context of these findings.
Effect of Three-Dimensional Surface Topography on Gas Flow in Rough Micronozzles

The gas flow characteristics in rectangular cross section converging–diverging micronozzles incorporating the effect of three-dimensional (3D) rough surface topography are investigated. The fractal geometry is utilized to describe the multiscale self-affine roughness. A first-order slip model suitable for rough walls is adopted to characterize the slip velocities. The flow field in micronozzles is analyzed by solving 3D Navier–Stokes (N–S) equation. The results show that the dependence of mass flow rate on the pressure difference has a good agreement with the reported results. The presence of surface topography obviously perturbs the gas flow near the wall. Moreover, as the surface roughness height increases, this perturbation induces the supersonic “multiwaves” phenomenon in the divergent region, in which the Mach number fluctuates. In addition, the effect of 3D surface topography on performance is also investigated. [DOI: 10.1115/1.4029630]
Three-Dimensional Numerical Simulation of the Flow around Two Side-by-Side Cylinders of Different Diameters

This paper presents the calculation of hydrodynamic characteristics of two side-by-side cylinders of different diameters in three dimensional incompressible uniform cross flow by using Large-eddy simulation method based on dynamical Smagorinsky-Lilly sub-grid scale model. Solution of the three dimensional N-S equations were obtained by the finite volume method. The numerical simulation focused on investigating the characteristic of the pressure distribution (drag and lift force), vorticity field and turbulence Re=. Results shows that, the asymmetry of the time –averaged velocity distribution in the flow direction behind the two cylinders is very obvious; the frequency of eddy shedding of the small cylinder is about twice of the large one. The turbulence of cylinders is more obvious.
Highly resistive annealed low-temperature-grown InGaAs with sub-500 fs carrier lifetimes

We have optimized low-temperature-grown In0.3Ga0. 7As for use in ultrafast photoconductive devices. Using low temperature ex situ annealing techniques, we have produced a photoconductive material that is highly resistive (∼104Ωcm), has sub-500fs carrier trapping lifetimes, and is matched to 1. 06μm laser excitation.We have optimized low-temperature-grown In0.3Ga0. 7As for use in ultrafast photoconductive devices. Using low temperature ex situ annealing techniques, we have produced a photoconductive material that is highly resistive (∼104Ωcm), has sub-500fs carrier trapping lifetimes, and is matched to 1. 06μm laser excitation.
A Lightweight Network for Defect Detection in Nickel-Plated Punched Steel Strip Images

As a critical component of power battery, the quality of nickel-plated punched steel strip (NPSS) is closely related to the performance of battery. In practice, however, the real-time detection for defects of NPSS with limited computating resources is a challenging task. Current research on vision-based strip defect detectors emphasizes the use of large neural network models to pursue high accuracy while ignoring the training cost and hardware requirements. To accelerate the model update and deployment cycles and reduce the application cost, a lightweight detection network for accurate and fast detection of surface defects in NPSS is developed in this article. First, a new lightweight backbone network, lightweight efficient detection network (LEDNet), is designed to extract features. Depth dynamic convolution is used as the basic structure of the network to reduce the computational complexity while adaptively extracting effective features. Thereafter, a refine-residual bidirectional aggregation network is built to enhance the bidirectional propagation and reuse high- and low-level features by further optimizing and adjusting the extracted features. On this basis, feature aggregation capability is improved. Finally, the intersection-over-union k-means algorithm is used to adjust the anchor box size, which balances the significant difference in aspect ratio of surface defects of NPSS. Experimental results on the NPSS defect dataset show that our network detection accuracy can reach 87.17%, the single-sheet detection rate is 0.09 s, and the computational complexity is reduced. Compared with the state-of-the-art detectors, it achieves a strong competitive accuracy and low computational effort, which fully meets the accuracy and real-time requirements in the production environment of NPSS.
Profound Concerns about “Profound Autism”: Dangers of Severity Scales and Functioning Labels for Support Needs

Recently the Lancet published a Commission on the future of care and clinical research of autism, which included a side panel arguing for the adoption of “profound autism”, a term in- tended to describe autistic people who require constant supervision or care, thought to usually have significant intellectual disability, limited or no language, and an inability to advocate for themselves. This state-of-the-art review deconstructs problems with autism sublabels such as “profound autism” and low- and high-functioning labels. It then examines the communicative and cognitive capacities of minimally speaking autistic people, finding that such individuals can communicate (especially with responsive partners) and need nonverbal testing that allows them to demonstrate their potential strengths. It concludes with the ability of minimally speaking autistic people to self-advocate, and the influences of other people to both support and frustrate their communication.
Modeling of silica synthesis in a laminar flame by coupling an extended population balance model with computational fluid dynamics

Abstract In the present study, we propose a novel extended population balance equation (PBE) model for aggregation and sintering and couple it with computational fluid dynamics (CFD) to investigate synthesis of silica nanoparticles in a laminar diffusion flame. The extended PBE includes finite-rate sintering of primary particles by solving the PBE together with a transport equation for the number concentration of primary particles. In the process simulated, the particles are formed via the oxidation of a vapor precursor, hexamethyldisiloxane (HMDSO), and the aerosol processes include nucleation, condensation, aggregation and sintering. The model is validated with detailed experimental in-situ SAXS data found in the literature and is also compared with a monodisperse and a two-PBE approach. Good agreement is found between the extended one-PBE and two-PBE models, while both of them provide a substantial improvement over the monodisperse one. Furthermore, the coupled CFD-PBE simulation with the extended one-PBE model reduces substantially the computational time as compared with the two-PBE model and requires less than twice the time needed for the monodisperse model. Excellent agreement is found between numerical predictions and experimental data for temperature along the centerline and reasonably good agreement is found between numerical predictions and SAXS data for primary particle diameters. While results for the particle number concentration are in qualitative agreement with the experimental data, the particle formation rate is overpredicted, leading to an overestimation of the number concentration of the primary particles. This is attributed to uncertainties in the experimental data and precursor decomposition kinetics.
General scaling of pulse shortening in explosive-emission-driven microwave sources

Summary form only given, as follows. Microwave generation in devices that depend on synchronization between an electron beam and a resonant cavity or slow wave structure can be disrupted by changes in either. Explosive-emission-driven microwave sources use plasma as the electron source in the diode. This plasma is conductive enough to act as the boundary for both the applied diode voltage and the microwave electric field. The motion of this plasma can effectively change the dimensions of either the electron beam diode or the cavity and will thereby cause resonance destruction. This shortens the microwave pulse length /spl tau//sub /spl mu//. A general model of the process predicts that, for a Child-Langmuir diode, microwave power will fall as P/spl prop//spl tau//sub /spl mu///sup -53/ and that pulse energy will fall as E/spl prop//spl tau//sub /spl mu///sup -2/3/. Therefore, energy efficiency declines as the pulse length is extended. We compare with data from magnetrons, MILOs and BWOs, with good agreement. Explosive-emission-driven microwave sources are fundamentally limited by the speed of the diode plasma and can be improved by finding cathode materials that generate slower plasmas.
Multi-Quadratic Quad Equations: Integrable Cases from a Factorized-Discriminant Hypothesis

We give integrable quad equations that are multi-quadratic (degree 2) counterparts of the well-known multi-affine (degree 1) equations classified by Adler, Bobenko, and Suris (ABS). These multi-quadratic equations define multi-valued evolution from initial data, but our construction is based on the hypothesis that discriminants of the defining polynomial factorize in a particular way that allows to reformulate the equation as a single-valued system. Such reformulation comes at the cost of introducing auxiliary (edge) variables and augmenting the initial data. Like the multi-affine equations listed by ABS, these new models are consistent in multi-dimensions. We clarify their relationship with the ABS list by obtaining Backlund transformations connecting all but the primary multi-quadratic model back to equations from the multi-affine class.
Midwives’ Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practice Regarding COVID-19 Vaccination for Pregnant Women: A Nationwide Web-Based Survey in Italy

This cross-sectional survey investigated the knowledge, attitudes, and practices concerning the COVID-19 vaccination for pregnant women among midwives in Italy and the associated factors. Midwives with at least five years of midwifery education and who had received information about the COVID-19 vaccination from official government organizations or scientific journals were more likely to know in which trimester this vaccine can be administered. A higher perceived utility of this vaccination was observed among midwives working in the public sector, in those concerned by being infected by SARS-CoV-2, who have received at least one dose of this vaccination, in those who considered COVID-19 a severe disease for pregnant women and their fetus, and who believed that the vaccination is safe. One-third of the midwives routinely provided information and half recommended this vaccination. Midwives with more years of activity, who received information about the vaccination from official government organizations or scientific journals, those who had never assisted patients with SARS-CoV-2, and those who believed in midwives’ role in COVID-19 prevention were more likely to routinely provide information. Participants who perceived a higher utility of this vaccination, those who believed in midwives’ role in COVID-19 prevention, those who received information from official government organizations or scientific journals were more likely to routinely provide a recommendation for the vaccine. Midwives’ knowledge must be improved for ensuring that they communicate and recommend the vaccination to their patients.
Efficient method for the identification of optimum disjunctive decompositions of complex logic functions

A method based on intersecting incompatible tuples is developed to determine the best disjunctive decomposition of complex logic functions, for use, primarily, with implementations on a cascaded memory structure, but also of use for other architectures. Classical decomposition theory is extended to allow the analysis of large input, multiple output functions which are specified only by their ON terms and include 'don't care' input values (i.e. modern PLA-style descriptions). An algorithm is presented together with implementation results which demonstrate an improvement in the size of function which may viably be searched exhaustively to find an overall optimum solution.
Benzene Exposure and MicroRNAs Expression: In Vitro, In Vivo and Human Findings

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are important regulators of gene expression and define part of the epigenetic signature. Their influence on human health is established and interest in them is progressively increasing. Environmental and occupational risk factors affecting human health include chemical agents. Benzene represents a pollutant of concern due to its ubiquity and because it may alter gene expression by epigenetic mechanisms, including miRNA expression changes. This review summarizes recent findings on miRNAs associated with benzene exposure considering in vivo, in vitro and human findings in order to better understand the molecular mechanisms through which benzene induces toxic effects and to evaluate whether selected miRNAs may be used as biomarkers associated with benzene exposure. Original research has been included and the study selection, data extraction and assessments agreed with PRISMA criteria. Both in vitro studies and human results showed a variation in miRNAs’ expression after exposure to benzene. In vivo surveys also exhibited this trend, but they cannot be regarded as conclusive because of their small number. However, this review confirms the potential role of miRNAs as “early warning” signals in the biological response induced by exposure to benzene. The importance of identifying miRNAs’ expression, which, once validated, might work as sentinel molecules to better understand the extent of the exposure to xenobiotics, is clear. The identification of miRNAs as a molecular signature associated with specific exposure would be advantageous for disease prevention and health promotion in the workplace.
An Extended Reinforcement Algorithm for Estimation of Human Behaviour in Congestion Games

The paper reports simulations applied on two similar congestion games: the first is the classical minority game. The second one is a asymmetric variation of the minority game with linear payoff functions. For each game simulation results based on an extended reinforcement algorithm are compared with real experimental statistics. It is shown that the extension of the reinforcement model is essential for fitting the experimental data and estimating the players behaviour.
Thermal conductivity of Si/SiGe and SiGe/SiGe superlattices

The cross-plane thermal conductivity of four Si/Si0.7Ge0. 3 superlattices and three Si0.84Ge0. 16/Si0.76Ge0. 24 superlattices, with periods ranging from 45 to 300 and from 100 to 200 A, respectively, were measured over a temperature range of 50 to 320 K. For the Si/Si0.7Ge0. 3 superlattices, the thermal conductivity was found to decrease with a decrease in period thickness and, at a period thickness of 45 A, it approached the alloy limit. For the Si0.84Ge0. 16/Si0.76Ge0. 24 samples, no dependence on period thickness was found and all the data collapsed to the alloy value, indicating the dominance of alloy scattering. This difference in thermal conductivity behavior between the two superlattices was attributed to interfacial acoustic impedance mismatch, which is much larger for Si/Si0.7Ge0. 3 than for Si0.84Ge0. 16/Si0.76Ge0. 24. The thermal conductivity increased slightly up to about 200 K, but was relatively independent of temperature from 200 to 320 K.
Evolution of particle-velocity correlations in sedimentation

The velocity field of a dilute monodisperse sedimenting suspension is measured as a function of time with the Eulerian particle image velocimetry technique. The sedimentation process is observed to be dominated by vortices of the size of the container in the initial moments after the cessation of mixing, which diminish with time and seem to reach an ultimate size ≈15–20 mean interparticle distances.
Structure in the ϵ Eridani Debris Disk

New submillimeter images have been obtained of the dust disk around the nearby K2 V star ϵ Eridani, with the total data set now spanning 5 yr. These images show the distribution of dusty debris generated by comet collisions, reflecting clearing and perturbations by planets, and may give insights to early conditions in the solar system. The structure seen around ϵ Eri at 850 μm and published in 1998 is confirmed in the new observations, and the same structure is also seen in an image obtained for the first time at 450 μm. The disk is inclined by ≈25° to the sky plane, with emission peaking at 65 AU, a 105 AU radius outer edge, and an inner cavity fainter by a factor of ≈2. The structure within the dust ring suggests perturbations by a planet orbiting at tens of AU, and long-term tracking of these features will constrain its mass and location. A preliminary analysis shows that two clumps and one arc appear to follow the stellar motion (i.e., are not background objects) and have tentative evidence of counterclockwise rotation of ~1° yr-1. Within the ring, the mass of colliding comets is estimated at 5-9 M⊕, similar to the primordial Kuiper Belt, and so any inner terrestrial planets may be undergoing an epoch of heavy bombardment.
2010 land cover map of insular Southeast Asia in 250-m spatial resolution

In this letter, we present the methodology and accuracy assessment of a new regional 250-m spatial resolution land cover map of insular Southeast Asia. Nearly 500 daily Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer images (acquired 2 January–3 July 2010) were used in the production of the map. Additionally, peatland maps, elevation information and Daichi-Advanced Land Observing Satellite mosaic data were utilized in the mapping process. The map covers the Malaysian Peninsula and the major islands of Sumatra, Java, Borneo, Sulawesi and Mindanao, in addition to the western part of New Guinea and numerous smaller islands. The classification scheme of 13 classes reflects the special characteristics of land cover of insular Southeast Asia, including, for example, peatswamp forests and large-scale palm plantations. The map was assessed to have 85% overall accuracy using high-resolution (10–30 m) satellite data as reference material. It can therefore be considered to provide reliable information on the current status of land cover in this region experiencing rapid land cover changes.
Ionospheric response to internal gravity waves: 2. Lower F region response

The response of the lower F region ionosphere to individual internal gravity waves is calculated as a function of the azimuth of wave propagation. This response is shown to be highly anisotropic, with the anisotropy itself depending on time of day, season, wave parameters, height, and geographic and geomagnetic location. Wave-associated changes in photoionization rate, and their dependence on the degree of alignment between the incoming solar radiation flux and surfaces of constant wave phase, play a dominant role in determining the anisotropy. Wave-associated changes in attachmentlike chemical loss are also important. The response of the lower F region ionosphere to internal gravity waves therefore differs fundamentally from the response at higher levels, where ion lifetimes are long and wave-associated photochemical effects can be ignored, so that geomagnetic constraints on ion motion play the primary role in determining the anisotropy.
Intertwining and Supercuspidal Types for p‐Adic Classical Groups

Let F be a non‐archimedean local field of residual characteristic different from 2, and let G be a unitary, symplectic or orthogonal group, considered as the fixed point subgroup in G~=GL(N,F) of an involution σ. We generalize the notion of a simple character for G~ , which was introduced by Bushnell and Kutzko [Annals of Mathematics Studies 129 (Princeton University Press, 1993)], to define semisimple characters. Given a semisimple character θ for G~ fixed by σ, we transfer it to a character θ− for G and calculate its intertwining. If the torus associated to θ− is maximal compact, we obtain supercuspidal representations of G, which are new if the torus is split only over a wildly ramified extension. 2000 Mathematics Subject Classification: 22E50.
Radiative instability in stratified vortices

This paper investigates the stability of a columnar vortex in an inviscid stratified fluid. By means of a WKBJ analysis for large axial wave number, we demonstrate that the normal modes can be stable or unstable owing to the emission of internal waves from the vortex. This phenomenon is shown to be analogous to the radioactive decay of nuclei in quantum mechanics. The destabilized character of the wave emission is shown to be associated with the presence of a critical point in the radial structure of the normal mode. The theoretical predictions for the frequency and growth rate of the normal modes are shown to be in good agreement with numerical results for two examples.
Novel In-Situ AlN/p-GaN Gate HEMTs With Threshold Voltage of 3.9 V and Maximum Applicable Gate Voltage of 12.1 V

In this article, we demonstrate a novel E-mode HEMT featuring in situ AlN dielectric layer on p-GaN cap layer. Compared with conventional p-GaN gate HEMT, the threshold voltage of in situ AlN/p-GaN gate HEMT shifts from 1.8 to 3.9 V, and the forward gate breakdown voltage is increased from 10.0 to 17.6 V. By considering 10 years’ lifetime at 63% failure level, the maximum applicable gate voltage for AlN/p-GaN gate HEMT reaches a remarkable high value of 12.1 V (E-model), which is much higher than that of 6.1 V for conventional HEMT. In addition, the novel E-mode HEMT exhibits a high ON/OFF ratio of $10^{{9}}$ . Experiments demonstrate that E-mode in situ AlN/p-GaN gate HEMT has great potential in power electronics applications.