Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Valence subbands profile regulation in AlGaN quantum well based on k·p theory

The profiles for the valence subbands of an AlGaN-based quantum well (QW) is investigated by considering quantum confinement effect (QCE) and strain through the k · p theory. We have found that to increase the QCE and the compressive strain would rise the relative position of the heavy hole (HH) subband to the crystal field splitting hole (CH) subband in the valence band of the QW. However, although the variation trend of the relative valance subbands position is similar, the underlying mechanisms of the modulation by the QCE and strain are not the same. In addition, we have found that if the energy level between the HH and the CH subbands is close at a certain k t point, the subband anti-crossing effect of the QW will enhance their coupling level, causing dipole moments from the conduction subbands to these valence subbands transformation between each other. These results can provide important basis for the active region design of some AlGaN-based short wavelength, high carrier injection, or monolithic integration optoelectronic devices.
Predict the Effects of Dolutegravir (DTG) Plus Lamivudine (3TC) on Immunological Responses in People Living with HIV (PLWHIV)

Background: Immune recovery in people living with HIV (PLWHIV) is a residual aspect of antiretroviral treatment (ART) in most patients, but in a non-negligible proportion of them, the CD4+ lymphocytes count, or CD4/CD8 ratio remains suboptimal. Methods: We performed a model of the immune response after 24 weeks of switching to a 2DR with DTG plus 3TC in a retrospective multicenter cohort of undetectable and experienced patients using significant predictor variables associated with the parameters or situations defined as success and failure. Clinical variables studied were CD4+ and CD8+ lymphocyte count, percentage of CD4, and CD4/CD8 ratio. These parameters were assessed at baseline and 24 weeks after the switch. Based on the evolution of each variable, four categories of immune response and four categories of non-immune response were defined. Immune response was defined as CD4+ count > 500 cells/mm3, %CD4 > 30%, CD8+ count < 1000 cells/mm3 and CD4/CD8 ratio ≥ 0.9. Non-response is just the opposite. Results: In our different models of immunological response, the presence of stage of AIDS (p = 0.035, p = 0.065) and current age over 50 years (p = 0.045) are postulated as statistically significative limiting factors in achieving an improvement in CD4, %CD4, CD8, and CD4/CD8 ratio. Late HIV diagnosis (p = 0.156), without statistical significance, enhanced late the previous variables. In contrast, conditions where patients start with CD4 > 500 cells/mm3 (p = 0.054); CD4 > 30% (p = 0.054, p = 0.084); CD8 < 1000 cells/mm3 (p = 0.018), and CD4/CD8 ≥ 0.9 (p = 0.013, p = 0.09) are detected as stimulating or conducive to DTG plus 3TC treatment success. Conclusion: These models represent a proof of concept that could become a valuable tool for clinicians to predict the effects of DTG plus 3TC on immunological responses prior to the switch in undetectable pre-treated PLWHIV with immune dysfunction. The main predictors for immunological failure were late HIV diagnosis, stage of AIDS, and current age over 50 years. In contrast, starting with a normalized immune status was detected as stimulating or conducive to DTG plus 3TC treatment success.
Game-Based Task Offloading and Resource Allocation for Vehicular Edge Computing With Edge-Edge Cooperation

Vehicular Edge Computing (VEC) enables task offloading from vehicles to the edge servers deployed on Road Side Units (RSUs), thus enhancing the task processing performance of the vehicles. However, in a multi-RSU VEC scenario, the uneven geographical distribution of the vehicles naturally causes the load imbalance among the edge servers and leads to the overload and performance degradation problems of the edge servers in hot areas. To this end, in this paper, we propose a joint task offloading and resource allocation for VEC with edge-edge cooperation, in which the tasks offloaded to a high-load edge server can be further offloaded to the other low-load edge servers. Our objective is to minimize the total task processing delay of all the vehicles while guaranteeing the task processing delay tolerance and the holding time of each vehicle. An M/M/1 queue is used to model the task queuing and task computing processes on each RSU. An exact potential game is adopted to model the competition process for the task offloading among the RSUs. A two-stage iterative algorithm is designed to decompose the optimization problem into two stages and solve them iteratively. We analyze the computational complexity of the algorithm and conduct extensive simulations by varying different crucial parameters. The superiority of our scheme is demonstrated in comparison with 3 other reference schemes.
An experimental investigation of the flow around a circular cylinder: influence of aspect ratio

The investigation is concentrated on two important quantities – the Strouhal number and the mean base suction coefficient, both measured at the mid-span position. Reynolds numbers from about 50 to 4 × 104 were investigated. Different aspect ratios, at low blockage ratios, were achieved by varying the distance between circular end plates (end plate diameter ratios between 10 and 30). It was not possible, by using these end plates in uniform flow and at very large aspect ratios, to produce parallel shedding all over the laminar shedding regime. However, parallel shedding at around mid-span was observed throughout this regime in cases when there was a slight but symmetrical increase in the free-stream velocity towards both ends of the cylinder. At higher Re, the results at different aspect ratios were compared with those of a ‘quasi-infinite cylinder’ and the required aspect ratio to reach conditions independent of this parameter, within the experimental uncertainties, are given. For instance, aspect ratios as large as L/D = 60–70 were needed in the range Re ≈ 4 × 103–104. With the smallest relative end plate diameter and for aspect ratios smaller than 7, a bi-stable flow switching between regular vortex shedding and ‘irregular flow’ was found at intermediate Reynolds number ranges in the subcritical regime (Re ≈ 2 × 103).
Public policy accumulation in Ireland: the changing profile of ministerial departments 1922–2022

ABSTRACT The relationship between the policy ambitions of political incumbents and the organisation of the state administration to achieve them is complex and fluid, and cross-sectional studies provide useful but limited insights into how this relationship is evolving. There is evidence that the challenge of managing and coordinating the modern state’s stock of public policies is under considerable pressure, however, arising from the accumulation of increasingly diverse policy responsibilities. In the Westminster/Whitehall administrative tradition, the primary actor for managing these endeavours is the ministerial ‘department’, which acts as the central organisational entity for formulating and coordinating public policy measures, and accounting for their implementation. In this paper, drawing on a data-set spanning a century of Irish public administration (www.isad.ie) and other sources, the changing profile of ministerial departments between 1922 and 2022 are examined in longitudinal perspective to illuminate the incidence and content of policy portfolio accumulation, and the political and administrative responses to these changes.
Control Design of a Continuous Model and Its Application in Highway Traffic Flow

We investigate control designs for a continuity model itself, not its linearization based on Banach fixed point theorem. This model can simulate the traffic flow on the highway. We design two kinds of control laws. One is to stabilize the equilibrium point of the closed-loop system from any initial value. The other is to stabilize the state to the equilibrium point locally, which requires the initial value to meet a constraint. In simulation, we show the applications of two control designs in highway traffic flow control.
Extremely narrow spectral linewidth and low chirping of the MQW-DFB-PPIBH laser diode

The low threshold current of 9 mA, the high side-mode suppression ratio of more than 45 dB, the extremely narrow spectral linewidth of 1.1 MHz, and the low chirping of 2.8 AA at -20 dB at 2 Gb/s nonreturn to zero (NRZ) modulation have been achieved in the multiple quantum well (MQW) distributed feedback (DFB) p-substrate partially inverted buried heterostructure (PPIBH) laser diode. The spectral linewidth of 1.1 MHz is the narrowest value among 300- mu m-length solitary laser diodes. These results suggest that the MQW-DFB laser diodes are a promising light source for longer distance and higher bit-rate optical communication systems and coherent optical communication systems. >
Reflections on the Fate of Spacetime

Our basic ideas about physics went through several upheavals early this century. Quantum mechanics taught us that the classical notions of the position and velocity of a particle were only approximations of the truth. With general relativity, spacetime became a dynamical variable, curving in response to mass and energy. Contemporary developments in theoretical physics suggest that another revolution may be in progress, through which a new source of “fuzziness” may enter physics, and spacetime itself may be reinterpreted as an approximate, derived concept. (See figure 1.) In this article I survey some of these developments.
Microscopic four-point-probe resistivity measurements of shallow, high density doping layers in silicon

We present room temperature resistivity measurements of shallow, monolayer doped phosphorus in silicon, a material system of interest for both conventional microelectronic manufacturing, and future quantum electronic devices. Using an in-situ variable spacing microscopic four-probe system, we demonstrate the ability to separate the conductivity of the substrate and the doping layer. We show that the obtained sensitivity to the dopant layer derives from a combination of the nanoscale contacting areas and the conductivity difference between the highly doped 2D layer and the substrate. At an encapsulation depth of only 4 nm, we demonstrate a room temperature resistivity of 1.4 kΩ/◻.
Intestinal dysbiosis and probiotic use: its place in hepatic encephalopathy in cirrhosis

The gut microbiota, which plays an important role in health and disease processes, is affected by many disease processes, such as cirrhosis, and dysbiosis can lead to the development of numerous liver diseases, including complications of cirrhosis. In this disease group, the intestinal microbiota shifts towards dysbiosis for reasons such as endotoxemia, increased intestinal permeability, and decreased bile acid production. Although weak absorbable antibiotics and lactulose are among the treatment strategies in cirrhosis and its most common complication, hepatic encephalopathy (HE), this may not be the most appropriate treatment option for all patients, in view of its side-effects and high costs. Accordingly, it seems possible that probiotics could be used as an alternative treatment. The use of probiotics in these patient groups has a direct effect on the gut microbiota. Probiotics can also provide treatment with multiple effects through various mechanisms, such as lowering serum ammonia levels, reducing oxidative stress and reducing the intake of other toxins. This review was written to explain the intestinal dysbiosis associated with HE in cirrhotic patients, and the role of probiotics in treatment.
Upper and Lower Bounds for the Stanley Depth of Certain Classes of Monomial Ideals and Their Residue Class Rings

We give an upper bound for the Stanley depth of the edge ideal of a complete k-partite hypergraph and as an application we give an upper bound for the Stanley depth of a monomial ideal in a polynomial ring S. We also give a lower and an upper bound for the cyclic module S/I associated to the complete k-partite hypergraph.
Shadowable chain transitive sets

Let f be a diffeomorphism of a closed manifold M, and let be a closed f-invariant set. In this paper, by applying the reasoning developed in Wen et al. [J. Differ. Equ. 246 (2009), pp. 340–357] based on Liao, we study chain transitive sets in view of shadowing theory, and it is proved that is chain transitive and -stably shadowing if and only if is hyperbolic basic set. As a corollary, for a chain component of f, it is proved that is -stably shadowing if and only if is a hyperbolic homoclinic class.
Testing Linear Restrictions in Linear Models with Empirical Likelihood

In this paper we analyse the higher order asymptotic behaviour of a profiled empirical likelihood ratio which can be used to test a set of linear restrictions in linear regression models. We show that the resulting profiled empirical likelihood ratio admits a Bartlett correction which can be used to improve to third order the accuracy of commonly used tests in applied research without any distributional assumptions about the error process.
Colony Age of Trichoderma azevedoi Alters the Profile of Volatile Organic Compounds and Ability to Suppress Sclerotinia sclerotiorum in Bean Plants

Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is one of the most important crops in human food production. The occurrence of diseases, such as white mold, caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum can limit the production of this legume. The use of Trichoderma has become an important strategy in the suppression of this disease. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted by Trichoderma azevedoi CEN1241 in five different growth periods on the severity of white mold in common bean. The in vitro assays were carried out in double-plate and split-plate, and the in vivo assays, through the exposure of the mycelia of S. sclerotiorum to the VOCs of T. azevedoi CEN1241 and subsequent inoculation in bean plants. Chemical analysis by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry detected 37 VOCs produced by T. azevedoi CEN1241, covering six major chemical classes. The profile of VOCs produced by T. azevedoi CEN1241 varied according to colony age and was shown to be related to the ability of the biocontrol agent to suppress S. sclerotiorum. T. azevedoi CEN1241 VOCs reduced the size of S. sclerotiorum lesions on bean fragments in vitro and reduced disease severity in a greenhouse. This study demonstrated in a more applied way that the mechanism of antibiosis through the production of volatile compounds exerted by Trichoderma can complement other mechanisms, such as parasitism and competition, thus contributing to a better efficiency in the control of white mold in bean plants.
Vortex streets to the lee of Madeira in a kilometre-resolution regional climate model

Abstract. Atmospheric vortex streets are a widely studied dynamical effect of isolated mountainous islands. Observational evidence comes from case studies and satellite imagery, but the climatology and annual cycle of vortex shedding are often poorly understood. Using the non-hydrostatic limited-area COSMO model driven by the ERA-Interim reanalysis, we conducted a 10-year-long simulation over a mesoscale domain covering the Madeira and Canary archipelagos at high spatial (grid spacing of 1 km) and temporal resolutions. Basic properties of vortex streets were analysed and validated through a 6 d long case study in the lee of Madeira Island. The simulation compares well with satellite and aerial observations and with existing literature on idealised simulations. Our results show a strong dependency of vortex shedding on local and synoptic-flow conditions, which are to a large extent governed by the location, shape and strength of the Azores high. As part of the case study, we developed a vortex identification algorithm. The algorithm is based on a set of criteria and enabled us to develop a climatology of vortex shedding from Madeira Island for the 10-year simulation period. The analysis shows a pronounced annual cycle with an increasing vortex-shedding rate from April to August and a sudden decrease in September. This cycle is consistent with mesoscale wind conditions and local inversion height patterns.
Discovery of Far-Infrared Pure Rotational Transitions of CH+ in NGC 7027

We report the discovery of the rotational spectrum of CH+ in the Infrared Space Observatory Long Wavelength Spectrometer (LWS) spectrum of the planetary nebula NGC 7027. The identification relies on a 1996 reanalysis of the LWS spectrum by Liu et al. and on new LWS data. The strong line at 179.62 μm (coinciding with the 212-101 transition of water vapor) and the lines at 119.90 and 90.03 μm (reported as unidentified by Liu et al.), whose frequencies are in the harmonic relation 2 : 3:4, are shown to arise from the J = 2-1, 3-2, and 4-3 rotational transitions of CH+. This identification is strengthened by the new LWS spectra of NGC 7027, which clearly show the next two rotational lines of CH+ at 72.140 and 60.247 μm. This is the first time that the pure rotational spectrum of CH+ has been observed. This discovery opens the possibility of probing the densest and warmest zones of photodissociation regions. We derive a rotational temperature for the CH+ lines of 150 ± 20 K and a CH+/CO abundance ratio of 2-6 × 10-4.
Adjusting for Non‐Response in Population‐Based Case‐Control Studies

In this paper we discuss the analysis of data from population‐based case‐control studies when there is appreciable non‐response. We develop a class of estimating equations that are relatively easy to implement. For some important special cases, we also provide efficient semi‐parametric maximum‐likelihood methods. We compare the methods in a simulation study based on data from the Women's Cardiovascular Health Study discussed in Arbogast et al. (Estimating incidence rates from population‐based case‐control studies in the presence of non‐respondents, Biometrical Journal 44, 227–239, 2002).
ÖĞRENCİ BAŞARISINDA ETKİLİ OKUL DEĞİŞKENLERİ VE EĞİTİMDE VERİMLİLİK

Uretim fonksiyonlari, belli bir ciktinin uretimine tek tek girdilerin katkisini olcmede kullanilan ekonomik bir aractir. Kavram, bu anlamda e itime de uygulanabilir. Ekonomistler ve di er ara tirmacilar, e itimsel girdilerin ciktilarla ili kilerini ortaya koyan uretim fonksiyonlarini tahmin etmek uzere dikkate de er duzeyde caba harcamaktadirlar. Bununla birlikte, bir cok ara tirma, o retmen ucretleri ya da o retmen-o renci orani gibi girdiler ile okul ciktilari arasinda guclu ve tutarli ili kileri gostermede ba arili olamami tir. O rencilerin sosyo-ekonomik gecmi i kontrol edildi inde dahi, ozellikle o renci ba ina harcama ile ba ari arasinda do rudan bir ili ki kurmak guc gozukmektedir. Buna kar in ara tirmacilar, alma ik (alternatif) ara tirma stratejilerini geli tirmek uzere cali malarini surdurmektedirler
The long-run analysis of the association between macroeconomic variables and suicide: the case of Turkic-speaking countries in Central Asia

ABSTRACT Using an unbalanced data set covering the years from 1990 to 2017, this study examines the long-run relationship between three selected macroeconomic variables (unemployment, per capita gross domestic product (GDP) and inflation) and suicide rates for Turkic-speaking countries in Central Asia and the South Caucasus (Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan). The mean group estimation results suggest that among the three macroeconomic variables under study, only the unemployment rate has a statistically significant relationship with the suicide rate for the Central Asian Turkic-speaking countries. Regarding country-specific estimations, results suggest that all macroeconomic variables under study correlate with the suicide rate for some countries in the sample. Overall, the empirical findings of the study suggest that unemployment and per capita GDP are important contributors of suicide and intentional self-harm in Central Asia. Estimation results also call attention to the inflation rate.
A Wavenumber-Frequency Analysis of Large-Scale Tropospheric Motions in the Extratropical Northern Hemisphere

Abstract The geopotential height and temperature at 500 and 300 mb at various northern latitudes are analysed in wavenumber-frequency space, for a summer and a winter season. The power spectra at individual wave-numbers are flattish or peaked at low frequencies, but above a cutoff frequency (which increases with wavenumber from 0.03 to 0.3 cycles per day) they fall off sharply, with a −3 to −4 power law for the geopotential height at mid-latitudes. Temperature spectra are less steep than height spectra, and summer spectra less steep than winter spectra. The quadrature spectra show higher eastward phase speeds in the winter than in the summer. Westward-moving ultralong waves at mid-latitudes are visible in the quadrature spectra of height, but not of temperature. By means of quadrature spectral analysis, separate wavenumber spectra are computed for travelling and stationary waves. The stationary-wave spectra of the temperature fall almost monotonically with wave-number, and at mid-latitudes tend to a −3 po.
Generalised correlated cross-validation

Since its introduction by [Stone, M. (1974), ‘Cross-validatory Choice and the Assessment of Statistical Predictions (with discussion)’, Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, B36, 111–133] and [Geisser, S. (1975), ‘The Predictive Sample Reuse Method with Applications’, Journal of the American Statistical Association, 70, 320–328], cross-validation has been studied and improved by several authors including [Burman, P., Chow, E. , and Nolan, D. (1994), ‘A Cross-validatory Method for Dependent Data’, Biometrika, 81(2), 351–358], [Hart, J. and Yi, S. (1998), ‘One-sided Cross-validation’, Journal of the American Statistical Association, 93(442), 620–630], [Racine, J. (2000), ‘Consistent Cross-validatory Model-selection for Dependent Data: hv-block Cross-validation’, Journal of Econometrics, 99, 39–61], [Hart, J. and Lee, C. (2005), ‘Robustness of One-sided Cross-validation to Autocorrelation’, Journal of Multivariate Analysis, 92(1), 77–96], and [Carmack, P., Spence, J., Schucany, W. , Gunst, R. , Lin, Q. , and Haley, R. (2009), ‘Far Casting Cross Validation’, Journal of Computational and Graphical Statistics, 18(4), 879–893]. Perhaps the most widely used and best known is generalised cross-validation (GCV) [Craven, P. and Wahba, G. (1979), ‘Smoothing Noisy Data with Spline Functions’, Numerical Mathematics, 31, 377–403], which establishes a single-pass method that penalises the fit by the trace of the smoother matrix assuming independent errors. We propose an extension to GCV in the context of correlated errors, which is motivated by a natural definition for residual degrees of freedom. The efficacy of the new method is investigated with a simulation experiment on a kernel smoother with bandwidth selection in local linear regression. Next, the winning methodology is illustrated by application to spatial modelling of fMRI data using a nonparametric semivariogram. We conclude with remarks about the heteroscedastic case and a potential maximum likelihood framework for Gaussian random processes.