Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Nitrification Inhibitor Reduces Nitrous Oxide Production from Different Soil Profiles of an Andosol Soil

A laboratory incubation was conducted to evaluate nitrous oxide (N2O) production during nitrification and the effect of a nitrification inhibitor on N2O production from different profiles in a Japanese orchard Andosol. Soils were collected from five profiles: A1, A2, Bw1, Bw2, and BC. The soils were treated with ammonium sulfate at the rate of 200 mg N kg−1 with or without dicyandiamide (DCD) and incubated under aerobic conditions for 32 days. The net nitrification rate without DCD during the first 8 days was greater in the surface soils than in the subsurface soils. Accordingly, the surface soils showed a greater cumulative N2O production than the subsurface soils. Application of DCD significantly reduced the nitrification rate and thus N2O production from any depths of soils by 33.8 to 62.9%. Our study showed that substantial N2O was produced from the subsurface soil, although the amount was less than from the surface soils.
Numerical simulation of ozone axial and radial distribution in a cylindrical oxygen-fed ozonizer

A numerical simulation including kinetics, transport phenomena and temperature gradient is presented to describe axial and radial distribution of ozone in an oxygen-fed ozonizer with cylindrical symmetry. The interdependence of three types of modelling (kinetics, hydrodynamics and electronic injection due to electrical corona discharge) is emphasized and comparisons are made with previous simpler models. The simulation is performed in the case of an industrial cylinder-to-cylinder device for which the temperature gradient is negligible, and in the case of a laboratory wire-to-cylinder ozonizer where an important radial temperature gradient is experimentally observed. Two values of pressure are considered: 760 Torr, where chemical kinetics dominates over diffusion effects, and 10 Torr where diffusion is dominant.
Synthesis and Characterization of Ferrate(VI) Alkali Metal by Electrochemical Method

This works aims at preparing at room stable Na2FeO4 and tracking its degradation over time. The synthetic, during this step, was carried out by electrochemical method. The latter was given maximum focus because of its simplicity and the high degree of purity of the resulting product with respect to wet and dry method. This paper reviews the development of the electrochemical method applied to the synthesis of stable at room Na2FeO4, optimizing the parameters impacting the performance of the oxidation of iron(II) in to iron(VI) in alkaline NaOH, saturated at a temperature of 61°C and a current density of 1.4 A/dm2, in order to simplify the synthesis process, to minimize the cost and to improve the production of iron(VI) to meet the growing demand of ferrate(VI) useful for water treatment. The supervision of the degradation of synthesized Na2FeO4 shows its stability over a period of 10 months, which makes storage and transport easier. The phases obtained were characterized by IR spectrometry, X-ray, M? ssbauer, spectroscopy and thermogravimeric analysis.
Spatial configurations, transformation, and reorganization of mesophase structures of polyaspartates—A highly intelligent molecular system

Poly(β-phenethyl L-aspartate) (PPLA) takes the right-handed α-helical form in 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane at moderate temperatures. The transition to the left-handed α-helix occurs at around 85°C in the isotropic solution as well as in the lyotropic liquid crystalline state. In the presence of a denaturant acid, PPLA also exhibits a transformation to the left-handed form by lowering temperature. Accordingly, a ternary mixture such as PPLA trifluoroacetic acid/chloroform possibly exhibits as many as five phases above certain concentration. The primary cause responsible for such a highly cooperative helix-helix transition was found to reside in a small free-energy difference in the conformational states of the side chain flanking the spiral backbone of the two opposite handedness. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Biopoly 43: 405–412, 1997
Surface Tension and the Solubility of Polymers and Biopolymers: The Role of Polar and Apolar Interfacial Free Energies

Abstract Surface tension data can be used for estimating the solubility of polymers in liquids. By determining the apolar and the polar components of the surface tension of polymers and of solvents, the attractive free energy, δG 121, of a polymer (1) in a given solvent (2) can be established. By also taking into account the contactable surface area of two polymer molecules, immersed in a liquid, δG 121 can be expressed in units of kT. Solubility then is favored when -1.5 kT + 1.5 kT. Positive values are frequently attained and this strongly shifts the behavior from insolubility to solubility. A number of proteins exemplify this behavior.
Magnetic Properties of Daily Sampled Total Suspended Particulates in Shanghai

Samples of total suspended particulates (TSPs) and <10 μm fractions (PM10) collected daily from in and around two industrial districts in Shanghai, China, during November 1998 have been examined using environmental magnetic measurements. Statistical classifications of the data show that the 11 sampling sites can be classified into four categories of magnetic properties, each expressing a different combination of mainly local dust sources. Changes in meteorological conditions, particularly wind direction, cause daily shifts in particulate types and sources. Interpretation of the magnetic parameters suggests roughly constant proportions of high coercivity (“hematite”) and low coercivity (“magnetite”) mineral phases with a predominance of ferrimagnetic grains in superparamagnetic (SP) and multidomain (MD) + pseudo single domain (PSD) sizes. Negative linear correlations between TSP concentrations and ferrimagnetic concentration parameters suggest that the dominant source of TSPs is weakly magnetic. Mass speci.
Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAH) and Heavy Metals in Dry and Wet Sludge from As-Samra Wastewater Treatment Plant, Jordan

Dry and wet sludge samples were collected from the sewage sludge storage site and primary treatment ponds at As-Samra Wastewater Treatment Ponds in Al Hayshmia, Jordan. The concentrations of polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) and macro- and microelements were determined using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), respectively. Environmentally relevant concentrations of PAH were detected ranging from 62 μg g−1 to 70 μg g−1 for dry sludge and from 35 μg g−1 to 47 μg g−1 for wet sludge. These results indicated a potential environmental risk if sewage sludge is reused in Jordan as organic fertilizer without first being treated. The results of the study showed that the sewage sludge samples were contaminated with low levels of heavy metals, as the dry sludge samples were characterized by higher concentrations of most analyzed elements than for wet sludge samples. Still, none of the trace metal concentrations exceeded the threshold concentration levels for agricultural-related sludge. Unlike many other nutrients found in sludge, the Total Organic Carbon (TOC%) found in dry and wet sludge revealed similar values, at 13.18 percent and 13.29 percent, respectively. The total phosphorus ranged from 0.25% for dry sludge to 0.47% for wet sludge. Total nitrogen varied from 0.80% for wet sludge to 1.01% for the dry sludge samples. The overall nutrients levels are close to those found in the literature. The findings of this study have improved the understanding of sewage sludge characteristics in a semiarid environment.
Phosphorus Sorption in Manured Atlantic Coastal Plain Soils under Flooded and Drained Conditions

Artificially drained, agricultural soils that are high in P and have seasonally fluctuating water tables may be significant nonpoint sources of P to Delaware's Inland Bays. Topsoil, unamended and amended with 4 g kg -1 poultry litter (PL), and subsoil horizons from two soil series in the Inland Bays watershed were flooded for 28 d and drained for 14 d at 25°C. Soil pH and redox potential (Eh) were measured (mV) and P sorption isotherms were constructed for each horizon under oxidized, flooded, and drained conditions. For each isotherm, P sorption maxima (b max ), P sorbed at a solution P concentration of 1.0 mg L -1 (b 1.0 ), and the equilibrium P concentration at zero sorption (EPC 0 ) were calculated. Flooding decreased Eh and increased pH, and draining returned Eh and pH to near initial values. Flooding and draining decreased b max in all horizons. The b 1.0 values were always significantly less than b max values; however, flooding and draining had inconsistent effects on b 1.0 values. Flooding increased EPC 0 in the unamended Pocomoke A horizon, but decreased EPC, in the same PL-amended horizon. Draining reduced EPC 0 values in both Pocomoke A horizons. Flooding and draining had little effect on EPC, in other horizons. Our data suggest that land application of PL and fluctuating water tables may increase the potential for P loss from soils through both a decrease in soil P sorption capacity and an increase in solution P concentrations in topsoils.
Interatomic potentials for HeAr, HeKr, and HeXe from multiproperty fits

Crossed molecular beam measurements of differential cross sections (DCS) are reported for elastic scattering of He by Ar, Kr, and Xe at high resolution. Interatomic potentials are determined by simultaneously fitting the DCS’s, as well as mixture viscosity and interaction second virial data. Bias due to systematic and potential model errors are examined and are used to estimate the accuracy of the potential energy curves obtained. Attractive well depths are 2.59, 2.67, and 2.64 meV±3% for HeAr, HeKr, and HeXe, respectively, agreeing with the best available HeAr potential and a previously proposed HeKr potential, but significantly deeper than previously reported potentials for HeXe. The HeXe attractive well is also considerably broader than previously reported. Attractive minimum positions are 3.48, 3.70, and 4.00 A (±0.03 A) for HeAr, HeKr, and HeXe, respectively. Including the accurate diffusion data of Dunlop and co‐workers [Physica A 95, 561 (1979)] and the absolute integral cross sections of Pirani an.
Chemical forms of heavy metals in soils around municipal waste dumpsites in Asaba Metropolis, Delta State, Nigeria

Abstract The chemical forms of copper, lead, manganese and zinc in soils around five selected municipal waste dumpsites in Asaba metropolis, Delta State, Nigeria, were studied, using the Ma and Rao six-step sequential chemical extraction procedure, with a view to providing information on the bioavailability and mobility of the metals in the soil matrix. The results showed that lead and manganese were speciated into residual fractions with averages of 60.32 and 82.24% respectively, while copper and zinc were associated with organic and Fe–Mn oxide fractions respectively with respective averages of 47.91 and 63.21%. The residual fraction also contained relatively high percentages of copper (33.18%) and zinc (20.81%). Relatively very low levels of the metals were found in the water soluble, exchangeable and carbonate fractions. The mobility factors of all the metals in all the soil profiles were generally low ranging from 1.97 to 39.99 indicating generally low availability as well as mobility. Lead and manganese associated with the residual fraction were strongly bound to soil matrix and were not bioavailable since they were occluded within the crystal lattice layer of silicates and well crystallised oxide minerals. Our results show that the metals do not pose any environmental risk or hazard. However, the soils stand the risk of being contaminated by copper and zinc since metals associated with organic and Fe–Mn oxide fractions could be bioavailable and mobilisable when the soil conditions such as pH and redox potentials change.
Synthesis of Novel Organosilicon Compounds Possessing Fully Substituted Imidazole Nucleus Sonocatalyzed by Fe-Cu/ZSM-5 Bimetallic Oxides

GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT Abstract An efficient four-component synthesis of 1,2,4,5-tetrasubstituted imidazoles is described by one-step condensation of an aldehyde, benzil, ammonium acetate, and primary aromatic amine with nanostructure Fe-Cu/ZSM-5 bimetallic oxides in water under ultrasonic irradiation. The short reaction time, good yields, environmental friendly procedure, mild reaction conditions, and convenient operation are important advantage of this protocol. The products generated during the study have been utilized as substrates for synthesis of organosilicon-containing imidazoles. Synthesis of tris(triorganosilyl)methylimidazole derivatives were carried out using organolithium reagent (Me3Si)3CLi, prepared via metalation of (Me3Si)3CH with methyllithium in tetrahydrofuran, in excellent yields.
Formulasi Topikal untuk Manajemen Dermatitis Popok pada Bayi

Dermatitis popok adalah berbagai jenis erupsi pada area kulit yang tertutup oleh popok. Inflamasi cenderung akut dan dipicu oleh iritasi pada area tersebut. Kondisi lingkungan serta kondisi kulit, baik anatomis maupun fisiologis bayi berperan penting dalam perkembangan dermatitis popok. Artikel ini membahas formulasi topikal untuk pencegahan dan tata laksana dermatitis popok. Diaper dermatitis is an eruption in skin areas covered by nappy or diaper. Inflammation tends to be acute and triggered by irritation. Environment, also anatomy and physiology of neonatal skin has an important role in development of diaper dermatitis. This article discusses topical formulations in the prevention and management of diaper dermatitis.
Low-compressibility of tungsten tetraboride: a high pressure X-ray diffraction study

Diamond anvil cell synchrotron X-ray diffraction (XRD) experiments have been carried out on submicron-sized tungsten tetraboride (WB4) at room temperature up to 50.8 GPa with a silicone oil pressure medium. The crystal structure of WB4 remains unchanged up to the highest pressure. The isothermal bulk modulus K 0 and its pressure derivative, , have been determined from the present compression by fitting the third-order Birch–Murnaghan equation of state: K 0=325±9 GPa and . The high value of the bulk modulus shows that WB4 has high stiffness and/or low-compressibility. Moreover, we also found that the compression behavior of the unit cell axes (a- and c-axes) of WB4 demonstrates an anisotropic nature of compressibility.
Natural Deep Eutectic Solvents – Solvents for the 21st Century

Green technology actively seeks new solvents to replace common organic solvents that present inherent toxicity and have high volatility, leading to evaporation of volatile organic compounds to the atmosphere. Over the past two decades, ionic liquids (ILs) have gained enormous attention from the scientific community, and the number of reported articles in the literature has grown exponentially. Nevertheless, IL “greenness” is often challenged, mainly due to their poor biodegradability, biocompatibility, and sustainability. An alternative to ILs are deep eutectic solvents (DES). Deep eutectic solvents are defined as a mixture of two or more components, which may be solid or liquid and that at a particular composition present a high melting point depression becoming liquids at room temperature. When the compounds that constitute the DES are primary metabolites, namely, aminoacids, organic acids, sugars, or choline derivatives, the DES are so called natural deep eutectic solvents (NADES). NADES fully represen.
Identification of the Volatile Compounds of Leaf, Flower, Root and Stem Oils of Piper amalago (Piperaceae)

The leaves, flowers, roots and stems of the ornamental and medicinal plant Piper amalago (Piperaceae) were collected from Dourados-MS in the Brazilian and their essential oils were analyzed by GC and GC-MS. Fifty-two, twenty-eight, forty-eight and fifty-one components were identified in the leaf, flower, root and stem oils of P. amalago, respectively. In essential oil leaves the major constituents were α- amorphene (25.7 %), p-cymene (9.4 %) and (E)-methyl geranate (7.8 %), in flowers were germacrene D (18.5 %), silphiperfol-6-ene (13.5 %) and limonene (10.5 %), in stems were α-amorphene (23.3 %), α- muurolol (9.3 %) and longifolene (6.6 %), and in roots were α-amorphene (14.4 % ), α-muurolol (6.3 %) and α-gurjunene (4.4 %).
A new form of nanosized SrTiO3 material for near-human-body temperature oxygen sensing applications

A new form of nanosized SrTiO3 semiconducting oxide material with an average crystal grain size of 27 nm has been synthesized using the physical high-energy ball milling technique. The unique presence of the singly charged “O-” ions in the lattice oxygen sites of the nano-range crystal grain material has been observed in the XPS study. This unprecedented and interesting discovery has expounded on the new oxygen sensing mechanism for the near 1/2 slope gradient (the best value ever reported) in the logarithmic relationship of the electrical conductance with the oxygen partial pressure. The derived SrTiO3 oxygen gas sensors were found to operate at 40 °C (the lowest temperature ever reported for an SrTiO3-based sensor) that is near to the human body temperature.
THE IMPORTANCE OF THE POTASSIUM BUFFER POWER ON THE CRITICAL POTASSIUM LEVEL IN SOILS

We studied the relationship between the K+ buffer power and the critical K+ concentration of the soil solution in pot experiments with Italian ryegrass. Critical K+ concentration is defined as that K+ concentration of the bulk soil solution below which plants respond by a yield increase when K fertilizer is applied. The K+ concentration of the soil solution was measured indirectly by means of the electro-ultrafiltration technique. The K+ buffer power was obtained by plotting the exchangeable K+ against the K+ concentration of the bulk soil solution. The steepness of the resultingcurve reflects the K+ buffer power. Nine soils differing widely in clay content, CEC, and K+ buffer power were used for the investigation. A very close correlation (r2 = 0.908) was found between the K+ buffer power and the critical K+ concentration of the soil solution. This relationship was reflected by a hyperbola (y = c/x), indicating that the critical K+ concentration was lower the higher the K+ buffer power was.
Effects of higher order chemical reaction on micropolar fluid flow on a power law permeable stretched sheet with variable concentration in a porous medium

An analysis has been carried out to obtain the effects of higher order chemical reaction on flow and mass transfer characteristics of micropolar fluids past a nonlinear permeable stretching sheet immersed in a porous medium with variable concentration of the reactant. The local similarity solutions for the flow, microrotation and mass transfer are obtained numerically and are illustrated graphically for various material parameters. Comparisons carried out with results from previously published work present excellent agreement. The results show that rate of mass transfer from the sheet to the surrounding fluid decreases significantly with the increase of nonlinear stretching parameter and increases with the increase of concentration parameter. The mass transfer of the reactive species strongly depends on the reaction rate parameter as well as order of the chemical reaction. It is stronger for the first-order reaction than that for the higher order reaction. The rate of surface mass transfer decreases with the increase of the Darcy parameter. The results also show that the effect of these parameters on the micropolar fluids are less compared to the Newtonian fluids. Une analyse a ete realisee pour obtenir les effets d'une reaction chimique de plus haut ordre sur les caracteristiques de transfert de masse et de debit de fluides micropolaires traversant une feuille etirable permeable non lineaire immergee dans un media poreux avec concentration variable au reactant. Les solutions de similarite locale pour les transferts de masse, de microrotation et de debit sont obtenues numeriquement et illustrees graphiquement en fonction de parametres de divers materiaux. Des comparaisons dressees a partir des resultats d'ouvrages publies anterieurement presentent une excellente concordance. Les resultats montrent que le taux de transfert de masse de la feuille au fluide environnant diminue de facon significative en augmentant le parametre d'etirement non lineaire et augmente avec l'augmentation du parametre de concentration. Le transfert de masse de l'espece reactive depend largement du parametre de taux de reaction ainsi que de l'ordre de la reaction chimique. Il est plus eleve pour la reaction de premier ordre que pour la reaction d'ordre plus eleve. Le taux de transfert de masse de surface diminue avec la hausse du parametre de Darcy. Les resultats montrent egalement que l'effet de ces parametres sur les fluides micropolaires est moins eleve si on le compare aux fluides newtoniens.
Negative magnetoresistivity in antiferromagnetic B.C.C. Cr–Al solid solutions

Starting from a review on the hitherto known electronic properties of b.c.c. chromium–aluminium solid solutions with their anomalous high electric resistivity and negative temperature coefficient of resistivity behaviour, a phenomenological description of the low temperature magnetoresistivity of such alloys in a polycrystalline state is given. The transversal magnetoresistivity is between 77.4 and 4.2 K always negative and does not saturate. A break within the Kohler plot suggests the proposal that the magnetoresistive behaviour is governed by two different electron scattering mechanisms: spin fluctuation scattering as well as impurity scattering. Nach einer Ubersicht uber die bislang bekannten elektronischen Eigenschaften von k.r. z. Cr–Al-Legierungen mit ihrem anomal hohen spezifischen elektrischen Widerstand und dessen negativen Temperaturkoeffizienten werden Tieftemperaturmessungen des Magnetowiderstandes solcher polykristalliner Legierungen phanomenologisch beschrieben. Zwischen 77,4 und 4.2 K ist der transversale Magnetowiderstand stets negativ, ohne sich zu sattigen. Aus dem beobachteten Knick im Kohlerdiagramm wird geschlossen, das zwei verschiedene Elektronenstreumechanismen wirksam sind.
Mineralization Dynamics of Nitrogen and Phosphorus in Areca Catechu L.–Based Traditional Agroforestry System

Areca catechu L. –based agroforestry system is practiced by local farmers in which a variety of crops are cultivated along with trees to maximize harvest security. Most farmers do not use inorganic fertilizers to improve crop yields, mainly because they cannot afford to purchase these fertilizers, and for this reason cycling of nutrients through the decomposition of plant residues becomes an important phenomenon in this type of agroforestry system. In this context, a study was carried out to estimate in situ nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) mineralization as influenced by soil type and management system. Net N and P mineralization rates were studied on the basis of final concentrations of ammonia, nitrate, and P in soil using a buried‐bag technique for one cropping cycle to examine temporal and depth variations across the three different sites (Harmutty, Nirjuli, and Doimukh). A significant variation in N mineralization was recorded among the three sites. Seasonal changes in N and P mineralization were also observed. The Harmutty site had highest rates of N mineralization during the rainy season and immobilization during spring. Phosphorus mineralization rate was higher during autumn at Doimukh and during winter in Harmutty and Nirjuli sites, whereas greater immobilization was recorded during the rainy season. The Harmutty site recorded a greater ammonification rate during September and immobilization during November and March months, the Nirjuli site recorded maximum ammonification during January and immobilization during November and March, and the Doimukh site had greater immobilization during March and ammonification during January. Nutrient dynamics may prove productive if managed properly in synchronization with mineralization that could result in fairly good crop productivity.