Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Classification of the coefficients of variation for sugarcane crops

The objective of this paper was to evaluate the range of classification of variation coefficient in experiments with sugarcane. For this study, some of the variables that are mostly used by researchers of the culture were considered. The data was obtained after extensive bibliographical revision from scientific journals, data base from the improvement program of sugarcane from the Federal University of Vicosa, master dissertations, doctorate thesis and technical reports. Classification ranges were proposed according to the Costa method, in which is based the use of a median and pseudo-sigma. The variables tons of stalks per hectare and tons of pol per hectare presented the highest ranges of the classification of the coefficients of variation, while the variable percentage of sucrose presented the lowest range. All of the variables presented specific ranges of classification, showing the need to consider, in the classification of coefficients of variation, the nature of the variable being studied.
Genetic variability in cocoon shape, size and weight variables in multivoltine silkworm, Bombyx mori. L.

Studies on variability estimates, heritability, correlation and path analysis in 56 multivoltine silkworm breeds (Bambyx mario L.) consisting of 46 indigenous and 10 exotics were carried out for cocoon shape, size and weight variables. Wide range of variability for all the characters was observed and the variability was normally distributed except for cocoon volume where it was positively skewed. High heritability coupled with high genetic advance as percentage of mean was observed for cocoon volume and area, rest of the traits exhibited high heritability associated with moderate genetic advance. All the correlations were in positive direction. Cocoon volume and area were significantly associated with other characters. Cocoon width was significantly correlated with cocoon weight and shell weight. Path analysis studies revealed the importance of selection pressure on cocoon width, cocoon volume and shell weight in breeding programme aimed at improving the cocoon weight.
Integrated Approach for the Management of Root-Knot Nematode, Meloidogyne incognita in Medicinal Coleus

Field studies were conducted to investigate the effect of a plant growth promoting rhizobacterium, Pseudomonas fluorescens, egg parasitic fungus, Paecilomyces lilacinus, neem cake and marigold intercrop in different combinations, on root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita and root tuber yield in medicinal coleus. Integration of strategies such as stem cutting dipping in 0.1% P. fluorescens + soil application of neem cake @ 400 kg/ha + growing marigold as intercrop followed by their biomass incorporation during earthing up increased the yield (22.7–30.0%) and reduced the root-knot nematode population (71.2–73.8%) superiorly, followed by the integration of P. fluorescens + marigold intercrop, which were almost equally effective. The economic returns per investment was higher in P. fluorescens + marigold intercrop (6.4–8.8 benefit: cost ratio).
Effect of Dietary Supplementation of Tulsi (O. Sanctum) Leaf Powder on the Growth Performance and Serum Lipid Profile in Broilers

The effect of dietary supplementation of Tulsi (O. sanctum) leaf powder (TLP) on the growth performance and serum lipid profile was studied in broilers. One hundred fifty day old broiler chicks were randomly distributed into three experimental groups containing 50 birds each with five replicates. T1 (control) received the standard broiler diet, T2 and T3 groups were fed on standard broiler diet supplemented with TLP at the rate 0.5% and 1.0% of the diet. It was observed that live body weight and weekly weight gain increased significantly (P<0.01) with the supplementation of TLP. The FCR improved significantly in 1.0% TLP supplemented group with no significant difference in feed intake of the birds. The total serum cholesterol, serum LDL-cholesterol and serum triglycerides decreased significantly (P<0.01) by 8.1, 34.16 and 10.04% respectively in TLP supplemented group @ 1% of the diet. There was significant increase (30.42%) in serum HDL-cholesterol in the TLP supplemented groups.
Seasonal migration of gulf sturgeon in the Suwannee River

Abstract The movements of 67 Gulf sturgeon Acipenser oxyrinchus desotoi equipped with radio transmitters were monitored in the Suwannee River, Florida, from March 1989 through August 1992. The objectives of this study were (1) to determine the seasonal movement patterns and distribution of Gulf sturgeon while in freshwater, (2) to document relationships between water temperature and Gulf sturgeon movement, and (3) to determine whether springs were used as thermal refugia by these fish. Gulf sturgeon were detected entering the river from mid-February through April; they moved upstream at an average speed of 3.5 km/d to areas where they remained until October or November. Gulf sturgeon moved no more than 0.6 river km (on average) upstream or downstream from their established summer area. Gulf sturgeon began leaving the Suwannee River from mid-September through early November and moved downstream at an average speed of 6.2 km/d; all fish returned to the Gulf of Mexico by early December. Water temperatures as.
The role of Palmyrene temples in long-distance trade in the Roman Near East

This thesis is a study of the archaeology, epigraphy and historiography of Palmyrene temples and longdistance trade in early Roman Syria, Jordan, Lebanon and western Iraq. Forty-two temples are examined, both Palmyrene and comparanda, in both urban and rural settings. New models are proposed which characterise the roles which these temples are shown to have played in long-distance trade. These models include: ‘networking’ temples acting as foci for the network of trust upon which long-distance trade relied; ‘hosting’ temples acting as foci of trade itself, hosting fairs and exhibiting wealth from long-distance trade; and ‘supporting’ temples directly supporting trade via infrastructure such as waystations or caravanserais. New insight is thus provided into the role of temple institutions in the broader economy, in urban and rural life, and in the fabric of society as a whole. In the first part, fundamentals are established, terms defined and academic and historical background set, including the historiographical context of the thesis. The new models for the role of temples in longdistance trade are proposed in light of the evidence examined. A case study is made of Hatra as a comparandum to Palmyra, particularly with regard to the dominance of its temples. In the second part, the nature of long-distance trade in the Roman Near East is explored. The archaeology, epigraphy, literature and practicalities of ancient long-distance trade are examined, and a case study is made of Petra as a comparandum to Palmyra, particularly with regard to the incense trade which was crucial for ancient religion. In the third part, the temples of Palmyra and of Palmyrenes elsewhere, are examined, including in Dura-Europos and the Red Sea littoral. The evidence is interrogated in detail and in the context of previous research, and candidates for temples involved in or related to long-distance trade are identified. In the conclusion, the thesis is considered in the round, the consequences of the proposed models are explored, and areas for further research are identified.
Altitudinal distribution of native and alien plant species in roadside communities from central Argentina

Roadsides may homogenize the distribution of native species and act as corridors for the spread of alien taxa. We examined the variation in native and alien plant species richness and composition at two spatial scales defined by altitude and habitat type (edges and fill slopes), as well as the relationship between native and exotic species richness in roadside plant communities in mountains from central Argentina. Following a gradient from 1100 to 2200 m a.s. l. along a mountain road, plant species cover was recorded within sample plots of 30 m × 10 m systematically located at 100-m altitude intervals on both roadside habitats. Although native species richness decreased with altitude and composition changed accordingly, the number of alien species peaked at both extremes of the elevation gradient and did not reflect an altitudinal replacement of chorological groups. The number of both native and alien species was higher in roadside edges, but a negative association between the richness of native and alien species occurred only on fill slopes, suggesting that roadside habitats differ in their susceptibility to plant species colonization and in the mechanisms driving native and alien species richness. Our results highlight the importance of altitude and roadside habitat as factors controlling plant species richness and composition along roadside communities in central Argentina. Although altitude acts as a filter for native plants, it apparently did not constrain the establishment of alien species along the studied roadsides, indicating that the influence of this road as a plant species corridor may increase with time, promoting the opportunities for aliens to expand their current distribution.
Chemical control of bacterial leaf blight of rice caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae

Bacterial leaf bligh (BLB) of rice caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Uyeda & Ishiyama) is emerging as serious threat to worldwide Rice production including Pakistan and its control is becoming important. The present study was conducted to investigate the antibacterial activity of different broad spectrum antibiotics against the Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) isolates through in vitro assays. BLB diseased samples, collected from various rice growing areas of Punjab region (eastern Pakistan), were provided by Fungal and Bacterial Diseases group, NIAB Faisalabad. Behavior of five virulent Xoo isolates was checked against six antibiotics namely Benzylpenicillin, Ampicillin, Kanamycin, Streptomycin, Chloramphenicol and Sinobionic in four concentrations i.e 31.2, 62.5, 125 and 500. Benzylpenicillin was found the best for isolate no. 21.3 and 17.1, Amplicillin for isolate no. 16.5 and Kanamycin for isolate no. 77.2 and 2.6. The present study shows that antibiotics can effectively control BLB disease in vitro.
Comparison of growth, fillet yield and proximate composition between Stirling Nile tilapia (wild type) (Oreochromis niloticus, Linnaeus) and red hybrid tilapia (Florida red tilapia×Stirling red O. niloticus) males

A comparison was made of some productive traits of Stirling Nile tilapia (wild type) (Oreochromis niloticus, Linnaeus) and red hybrid tilapia (Florida red tilapia× Stirling red O. niloticus) males during a 98-day grow-out period. Twenty-two males from each genetic group with initial weights of 139.0 g for O. niloticus and 207.3 g for the red hybrid were placed in triplicate tanks. The fish were fed with a feed containing 36.8% crude protein. Survival was 97.0% for the red hybrid and 83.3% for O. niloticus. Daily individual weight gains were 2.95 and 2.50 g and final body weights were 473.0 and 348.8 g for the red hybrid and O. niloticus respectively. Fillet yield was similar for both the species, with 33.4% for the red hybrid and 32.0% for O. niloticus. Fresh fillet lipid content was perceptibly less in the red hybrid (0.33%) than in O. niloticus (2.07%). Some benefits of a red low-fat tilapia genotype are discussed.
CORAL BLEACHING AS AN ADAPTIVE MECHANISM : A TESTABLE HYPOTHESIS

leaching in organisms such as hard and soft corals, giant clams, and sea anemones is the loss of pigment associated with their symbiotic algae (zooxanthellae). Bleaching can be the result of loss of the pigmented algae from the host or of loss of pigment from the algae. This article considers only the phenomenon of algal loss. Most attention has been directed to bleaching in scleractinian (hard) corals in the tropics (e.g., Brown 1990, Glynn 1990, Williams and Bunkley-Williams 1990). It is a subject of concern because of mortality and local extinctions associated with large-scale bleaching episodes (Glynn and de Weert 1991; but see Glynn and Feingold 1992), the widespread belief that bleaching episodes have increased dramatically in frequency and intensity within the past decade (D'Elia et al. 1991), and speculation about possible links to global warming (Glynn
Effects of Insulin Sensitivity Modulators on the Mitochondrial Fate of Oxygen in Skeletal Muscle

Increasingly, reactive oxygen species (ROS) are implicated in the development of insulin resistance. To test the hypothesis that modulators of insulin sensitivity (i.e., metformin, ovarian sex steroids and exercise training) affect the fate of oxygen in skeletal muscle, mitochondrial H[subscript]2O[subscript]2 emission (mE[subscript]H2O2) and respiratory O[subscript]2 flux (JO[subscript]2) were measured in saponin-permeabilized myofibers from rodents and women. Concommitant with improved glucose tolerance, complex I-linked mE[subscript]H2O2, but not JO[subscript]2, was reduced in metformin-treated obese rats to rates near or below those in the lean animals. Ex vivo dose-response experiments revealed that metformin inhibits complex I-linked mE[subscript]H2O2 at a concentration ~2 orders of magnitude lower than that required to inhibit JO[subscript]2. To determine if estradiol or progesterone directly affect mitochondrial function, saponin-permeabilized vastus lateralis myofibers biopsied from women in the menstrual cycle follicular phase were incubated breifly in luteal phase serum concentrations of estradiol, progesterone, or both. While progesterone alone inhibited respiration, the effect was absent in the presence of estradiol. Progesterone, alone or in combination with estradiol increased complex I-linked mE[subscript]H2O2. Complex I-linked mE[subscript]H2O2 measured in permeabilized myofibers from insulin sensitive and resistant women correlated significantly with serum progesterone in these subjects. Moreover, mE[subscript]H2O2 was more than 80% greater in the insulin resistant women. Regular exercise is known to improve insulin sensitivity. To determine the effects of exercise training on mitochondrial function, mE[subscript]H2O2 and JO[subscript]2 were measured in saponin-permeabilized vastus lateralis myofibers from lean (BMI 30) women before (Pre) and after (Post) 8 weeks of exercise training (8WT = stationary cycling, 1 h/d, 5 d/w at heart rate corresponding to 70-75% VO[subscript]2). Interestingly, while Pre-Post there were no changes in JO[subscript]2 supported by multiple substrates or calculated ratios of respiratory control, there was a reduction in the potential for complex I-linked mE[subscript]H2O2 following training in the lean women. Altogether, the results of this project support the notion that modulators of insulin sensitivity may do so through their ability to affect complex I-linked mE[subscript]H2O2, but not necessarily JO[subscript]2 in skeletal muscle.
Chapter Eight. Diversity, Relationships And Biogeography Of Australian Flies

We live in a world largely filled with prokaryotes, fungi, flowering plants, nematodes, and a handful of ecological keystone insect groups. One of these keystone insect groups is the diptera (true or two-winged flies, including mosquitoes, midges, etc.), and they probably comprise 12–15% of animal species diversity (Yeates et al. 2003, Thompson 2009). The flies span a wide range of anatomical and biological specialisations (Merritt et al. 2003) and are probably the most ecologically diverse of the four megadiverse insect orders (Kitching et al. 2005). The extant world diptera fauna currently comprises approximately 153,000 described species in 159 families (evenhuis et al. 2008); however, the total number including undescribed species is at least 300% higher. The living dipteran species have been classified into about 10,000 genera, 22–32 superfamilies, 8–10 infraorders and 2 suborders (Yeates & Wiegmann 1999). A phylogenetic classification of 8 suborders that avoids the use of the paraphyletic ‘nematocera’ has been proposed recently (Amorim & Yeates 2006).
Costs and benefits of breeding in human‐altered landscapes for the Eagle Owl Bubo bubo

We studied a population of 23–25 Eagle Owl Bubo bubo pairs between 1994 and 2000 in a 1330-km2 study plot in the central-eastern Italian Alps. Compared to random sites, territories were located at lower elevation and closer to intensively cultivated-urbanized valley floors. Early laying was associated with low elevation and negatively affected productivity. Diet was dominated by rats, hedgehogs and dormice (n = 978 prey items), all of them typical of low-elevation habitats. Higher productivity was associated with a higher proportion of rats in the diet of individual pairs. Low availability of rats resulted in a more diverse diet, in turn associated with low productivity. Territories were occupied every year in a non-random fashion, and those most occupied were characterized by higher productivity and higher occurrence of the favoured prey types in the diet, suggesting they were of superior quality. Eagle Owls also paid a cost associated with nesting near human-altered habitats: the main cause of mortality reported to local authorities was electrocution. This is an increasing cause of death for many European populations and may be a cause for conservation concern. Human persecution is also an important cause of mortality in some parts of the European range. Apart from such costs, the study population appeared to have adapted well to the proximity of humans: estimates of density and productivity were comparable to those recorded elsewhere in Europe. The pattern found in our population also held at higher spatial scales: data from 17 European populations showed density to be highest in low-elevation, human-altered landscapes.
Taxonomy of Chrysotoxum festivum Linnaeus, 1758 (Diptera: Syrphidae) - an integrative approach

An integrative taxonomic approach revealed two taxa within Chrysotoxum festivum (Linnaeus, 1758) (Diptera, Syrphidae), C. festivum A and C. festivum B. In addition to morphological differences, results also showed significant distinction in geometric morphometrics of wings and surstyli, and in DNA sequence data (nuclear ITS2 sequences) between C. festivum A, C. festivum B, and the closely related species C. elegans Loew, 1841. From examination of type material, the name C. tomentosum Giglio-Tos, 1890 is proposed for C. festivum B, and the taxon is redefined. © 2013 The Linnean Society of London
Dietary, genetic and metabolic determinants of serum adiponectin

4 Author’s contribution . 5 Acknowledgements . 6 Abbreviations . 19 Chapter 1 . 22 Introduction . 22 1.1.1 Clinical significance and prevalence of metabolic syndrome . 25 1.1.2 The role of diet in the causation of metabolic syndrome . 25 1.2 Polyunsaturated fatty acid metabolism . 27 1.2. 1 EPA and DHA: effect on lipid metabolism . 31 1.3 Adiponectin . 32 1.3. 1 Adiponectin and gender and age . 33 1.3. 2 Adiponectin receptors . 34 1.3. 3 Adiponectin metabolic effects . 35 1.4 ADIPOQ gene . 40 1.4. 1 ADIPOQ polymorphisms . 41 1.4. 2 Adiponectin, ADIPOQ polymorphisms and diet . 43 1.5 Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ . 46 1.5. 1 Role in adipogenesis . 46 1.5. 2 Role in insulin sensitivity . 47 1.5. 3 Role in lipid homeostasis . 47 1.6 PPARG gene . 47 1.6. 1 PPARG Pro12Ala polymorphism . 48 1.6. 2 PPARG Pro12Ala polymorphism and diet . 51 1.6. 3 ADIPOQ and PPARγ . 52 1.7 Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α . 53 1.7. 1 Role in lipid homeostasis . 53 1.8 PPARA gene . 55 1.8. 1 PPARA Leu162Val polymorphism . 55 1.8. 2 PPARA Leu162Val polymorphism and diet . 56 1.9 Hypothesis. 58
Transformation of biocontrol agent Enterobacter agglomerans with salicylate utilizing gene and its monitoring in orchard soil

Summary A recombinant plasmid (named as pBS-NahG) containing the NahG gene which encodes the salicylate utilization, was constructed. The NahG gene was ampli®ed by PCR from plasmid pNAH7 in Pseudomonas putida R20 and subcloned into pBluescript. Plasmid pBS-NahG was transformed into Enterobacter agglomerans, strain B8, an antagonist of Phytophthora cactorum which is a pathogen that causes crown and root rot of apple trees. This plasmid (pBS-NahG) did not affect growth or antagonism of E. agglomerans and was stable under both selective and non-selective conditions in nutrient broth medium. This plasmid conferred to E. agglomerans B8 (B8NG) the ability to utilize salicylate in culture and in orchard soil. In soil treatment, the transformed strain B8NG was detected after 60 d in orchard soil treated with salicylic acid whereas the non-transformed strain B8 of E. agglomerans was not detected after 30 d.
Heterodimer formation and tublin function in S. cerevisiae

Many effectors of microtubule assembly in vitro enhance the polymerization of subunits. However, several S. cerevisiae genes that affect cellular microtubuledependent processes appear to act at other steps in assembly, and to affect polymerization only indirectly. Here we use a mutant a-tubulin to probe cellular regulation of microtubule assembly. tub1-724 mutant cells arrest at low temperature with no assembled microtubules. The results reported here demonstrate that the heterodimer formed between Tubl-724p and P-tubulin is less stable than wild type heterodimer. The unstable heterodimer explains several conditional phenotypes conferred by the mutation. We also describe genes that affect formation of the tubulin heterodimer. Our approach to identify such genes is based on the observation that excess Rbl2p, a ,tubulin binding protein, is lethal in tub1-724 mutant strains. We show that excess Rbi2p is similarly lethal to cells bearing mutations in CIN1 and PAC2. Genetic and biochemical analysis demonstrates roles for each in heterodimer formation in vivo. Both haploid and heterozygous tub1-724 cells are inviable when, PAC2, is over-expressed. These effects are explained by the ability of Pac2p to bind a-tubulin, a complex we demonstrate directly. And, excess Cin1p rescues the phenotypes of tub1-724 cells, strongly supporting a catalytic role for Cinlp in heterodimer formation. Pac2p is associated with Cinlp and with the tubulin polypeptides. The activities of these proteins in vivo are both similar to and distinct from the role of their homologues in vitro assays for tubulin folding. Our results uncover potential roles for these proteins in catalyzing tubulin heterodimerization in vivo and so in maintaining the balance between individual tubulin polypeptides. Both excess -tiibulin and benomyl lead to loss of microtubules, large budded cell-cycle arrest and cell death. This parallel is supported by the consequences that changes in ihe level of either Rbl2p or a-tubulin have for both of these microtubule poisons. Overexpression of either gene rescues cells from the effects of 3-tubulin overexpression and confers increased resistance to benomyl. We screened for galactose-induced cDNAs that confer resistance to benomyl in wild type cells. We describe the identification and initial characterization of two genes that allow cells to Live on Benomyl when Overexpressed (LBO). Thesis Supervisor: Frank Solomon Title: Professor of Biology