Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Experimental biomechanics of vertebral fractures

Vertebral fractures are a severe cause of morbidity and disability. In particular, burst fractures are a common traumatic injury presenting neurological impairment in 47 % of cases. However, diagnosis and planning of the treatment is challenging as the injury originates in highly dynamic conditions. Short-segment pedicle instrumentation (SSPI) in combination with kyphoplasty (SSPI–KP) has been used to provide additional stabilisation of the fracture. However, there is a lack of understanding about the effectiveness SSPI–KP. The aim of this study was to follow the fracture pathway, from onset to the outcome of surgical treatment. The first part focused on the phenomena underlying fracture creation and the dynamics of interpedicular widening (IPW). Although associated with neurological deficit, no previous study has shown how IPW evolves at fracture initiation. Subsequently the performance of treatment was assessed to evaluate how KP can improve SSPI to a simulated early follow-up. Burst fractures were induced in 12 human three-adjacent-vertebrae segments. Following fracture investigation, SSPI and SSPI–KP were performed, and samples underwent fatigue loading. Image processing of high-resolution CT scans was performed to assess anatomical changes at consecutive experimental stages on the treated and adjacent vertebrae. Experiments proved that IPW reaches a maximum at fracture onset and then decreases to the value measured clinically. SSPI–KP marginally improved stability of the treated spine, whilst providing a significant restoration of the endplate geometry. Vertebral body underwent significant changes in height and endplate curvature throughout the fracture pathway. This study provided further insight on the biomechanics of vertebral fractures and the findings can be used to improve and/or develop novel treatments as well as validate numerical models for retrospective assessment of the injury. In addition, outcomes from the collaboration work on the development of a computational simulation may help better understand cancer related vertebral fractures.
Description and Evaluation of Multi-Geometry Silicon Prototype Sensors for the LHCb Inner Tracker

Hamamatsu delivered 15 prototype sensors, in February 2002. A summary of the sensor technology specifications and the wafer characteristics is given in table 1. The single-sided and AC coupled sensors were produced from 6” wafers, have a physical dimension of 110 mm×78 mm and a thickness of 320μm of the n-type substrate. The overall dimensions and the technology are identical to the foreseen final sensor design as described in [1]. The sensors consist of five different regions. Two different pitches of p+ strips, 198μm and 237. 5μm respectively, are implemented on the sensor. Additionally, the width of the p+ strips is varied. The 198μm region has implant widths of 50μm, 60μm and 70μm, whereas the width of the strips in the 237. 5μm region is 70μm and 85μm, respectively. This design results in five different values (two almost are the same) of the ratio strip width to strip pitch, w/p, which is the scaling parameter of the sensor capacitance. The width of the aluminium strip is 8μm wider than the implant width in order to ensure a stable HV-operation of the sensors after irradiation, as it was advocated in reference [2]. Table 2 summarizes the geometries of the prototype sensors.
Aripiprazole Offsets Mutant ATXN3-Induced Motor Dysfunction by Targeting Dopamine D2 and Serotonin 1A and 2A Receptors in C. elegans

The atypical antipsychotic aripiprazole is a Food and Drug Administration-approved drug for the treatment of psychotic, mood, and other psychiatric disorders. Previous drug discovery efforts pinpointed aripiprazole as an effective suppressor of Machado–Joseph disease (MJD) pathogenesis, as its administration resulted in a reduced abundance and aggregation of mutant Ataxin-3 (ATXN3) proteins. Dopamine partial agonism and functional selectivity have been proposed as the main pharmacological mechanism of action of aripiprazole in the treatment of psychosis; however, this mechanism remains to be determined in the context of MJD. Here, we focus on confirming the efficacy of aripiprazole to reduce motor dysfunction in vivo, using a Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) model of MJD, and on unveiling the drug targets required for its positive action against mutant ATXN3 pathogenesis. We employed pharmacogenetics and pharmacological approaches to identify which dopamine and serotonin receptors are critical for aripiprazole-mediated improvements in motor function. We demonstrated that dopamine D2-like and serotonin 5-HT1A and 5-HT2A receptors play important roles in this process. Our findings strengthen the relevance of dopaminergic and serotoninergic signaling modulation against mutant ATXN3-mediated pathogenesis. The identification of aripiprazole’s cellular targets, relevant for MJD and perhaps other neurodegenerative diseases, may pave the way for prospective drug discovery and development campaigns aiming to improve the features of this prototypical compound and reduce side effects not negligible in the case of aripiprazole.
SELTEC: Service and Experiential Learning Through Engagement in the Community: A Level I Fieldwork Model: Part 2

The SELTEC model of Level I fieldwork was developed and published in 2020. The SELTEC model combines service and experiential learning to benefit student learners, the educational system, and the community. The purpose of the study was to determine students’ perceptions of a SELTEC model experience compared to a traditional Level I fieldwork experience. The research team administered a 24-item survey to thirty students who participated in the study. All participants received both a traditional one-week and SELTEC level I fieldwork experience during their occupational therapy education at Arkansas State University. Seventy-nine percent (n=23) of the respondents selected the SELTEC model to meet the question criteria the majority of the time, while 20% (n=6) selected the traditional experience. The study results indicate that the SELTEC model was preferred over the traditional FW model. The results show the experiences offered in the SELTEC model prepare students for occupational therapy practice in ways not offered in a traditional FW model.
Secondary Education and COVID-19

Secondary education is the second stage of formal education and traditionally begins after primary school, usually about age 11 to 13. The COVID-19 pandemic caused immeasurable changes to the educational system which inevitably greatly impacted secondary education. The current entry describes the changes in secondary education imposed by the pandemic and explores the accompanying challenges.
Assessment of the Morphology and Degenerative Changes in the Temporomandibular Joint Using CBCT according to the Orthodontic Approach: A Scoping Review

Background Available knowledge about disorders of temporomandibular joint structures and their association with orthodontic variables are still lacking. Objectives This article is aimed at to identifying studies and presenting current information on the relationship between morphology diversity and the occurrence of degenerative changes in structures of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) assessed by cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) in the context of craniofacial morphology and malocclusion. Search Methods. The review was conducted by analyzing the PubMed (including Medline), Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and Scopus electronic databases up to November 2021 using two different comprehensive search strategies based on keywords as well as additional manual searches. Eligibility Criteria. Selection of the literature was carried out according to the PRISMA-ScR checklist. Methodological quality of the selected studies was evaluated using JBI Critical Appraisal Tool. Results The electronic databases search revealed 3331 records. After applying the eligibility criteria and JBI assessment, a total of 33 studies were extracted and selected to the study. The review was divided into 4 parts, in which the following correlations were assessed in terms of orthodontic variables: TMJ degenerative changes, joint space and condylar position, condylar shape, TMJ articular eminence, and fossa. Conclusions Skeletal and dental class II malocclusion with a retrognathic mandible, a hypodivergent skeletal pattern with a steep mandibular plane, and significant lateral mandibular displacement can be risk factors for developing radiographically detectable degenerative changes. Patients with skeletal and dental class III malocclusion as well as a hyperdivergent skeletal pattern may be at greater risk of TMD occurrence compared with other groups. Further studies are necessary to clarify the relationship between the position of the condylar processes and the presence of degenerative changes in the temporomandibular joints among orthodontic patients.
Factors Influencing Pain and Functional Impairment in Patients with Knee Osteoarthritis

Introduction: Arthritic pain and impairment are all too prevalent with osteoarthritis (OA), the most common form of the illness. Numeric scoring systems can be used to assess knee osteoarthritis (OA) patients' levels of pain. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the possible factors that increase pain and functional impairment in knee OA leading to increased VAS and WOMAC score. Patients and Methods: On 58 osteoarthritis patients, at Zagazig University Hospitals' Rheumatology and Rehabilitation Department, we conducted this cross-sectional trial. An extensive physical examination, a set of lab tests, and a series of X-rays were all performed on each patient. We utilized the WOMAC index from the Western Ontario and McMasters Universities as well as Visual Analogue Scale (VAS "0-10 cm") to assess functions and pain. For determining the severity, we utilized grading scale of Kellgren and Lawrence. Results: BMI, deformity, ESR, radiological grading are indicators of functional impairment and pain index among cases who had knee osteoarthritis. Conclusion: Presence of knee deformities and advanced X-ray grading were associated with higher pain score and more functional impairment, so we should prevent their progression. BMI is a main risk factor for higher pain scores and functional impairments.
Synergistic Antifungal Activity of Phellodendri Cortex and Magnoliae Cortex against Candida albicans

Many studies on plant extracts have been reported for the treatment of candidiasis caused by Candida albicans, a representative fungal infection. This study demonstrates the synergistic antifungal activity of the combination of Phellodendri Cortex and Magnoliae Cortex, previously reported to have antifungal efficacy. Considering the antifungal efficacy and the separation of the active constituents, berberine and magnolol, hot water extraction and carbon dioxide supercritical extraction were selected for Phellodendri Cortex and Magnoliae Cortex, respectively. A combination of 0.55 g/L hot water extract of Phellodendri Cortex and 0.59 g/L carbon dioxide supercritical extract of Magnoliae Cortex showed synergistic antifungal activity. The synergistic antifungal activity of 160 μM berberine and 100 μM magnolol, which are representative antifungal compounds of Phellodendri Cortex and Magnoliae Cortex, respectively, contributes to the synergistic antifungal effect of their extracts. The additive decrease in cellular ergosterol level and the increased antifungal efficacy by extracellular ergosterol suggest that disruption of the biological function of ergosterol in the cell membrane is not responsible for the synergistic antifungal activity of berberine and magnolol. Synergistic cellular release of chromosomal DNA upon mixing berberine and magnolol indicates that disruption of the cellular structure is responsible for the synergistic antifungal effect of berberine and magnolol.
Annual Incidence of Dementia from 2003 to 2018 in Metropolitan Seoul, Korea: A Population-Based Study

National dementia plans were applied in dementia support centers established in Seoul, Korea between 2007 and 2009. However, the annual incidence rates of dementia in Seoul have not been reported. We investigated this annual incidence and the characteristics of incident cases from 2003 to 2018. The customized research database of the Korean National Health Insurance Services was used. The annual crude and age-standardized incidence of dementia patients and their characteristics were analyzed. This study analyzed 108,596 incident dementia cases aged ≥60 years. The incidence rate increased from 2003 to 2011, including a rapid increment from 2007 to 2011. From 2011 to 2018, the crude (age-standardized) incidence per 105 person-years decreased from 641.51 (577.12) to 448.26 (361.23). The proportion of incident dementia cases was highest in the highest income group every year. However, the proportion of incident dementia cases in the lowest income group increased from 10.4% in 2003 to 25.8% in 2011. The annual incidence rate of dementia showed a sharp increase immediately after 2007, the year dementia support centers began to be introduced, and then stabilized after 2011. The characteristics of incident dementia cases have changed, including the proportion in the low-income group.
Thermally-Aware Layout Design of β-Ga₂O₃ Lateral MOSFETs

<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\beta $ </tex-math></inline-formula>-phase gallium oxide (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\beta $ </tex-math></inline-formula>-Ga<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>) is drawing significant attention in the power electronics field due to its remarkable critical electric field strength [greater than gallium nitride (GaN) and silicon carbide (SiC)] and the availability of high-quality melt-grown substrates providing the opportunity for low-cost manufacturing. However, because of the low thermal conductivity of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\beta $ </tex-math></inline-formula>-Ga<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>, thermal management strategies at the device-level are required to achieve the targeted high-power capabilities. In this work, the effects of the anisotropic thermal conductivity of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\beta $ </tex-math></inline-formula>-Ga<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> and the geometrical design of the metal electrodes/interconnects on the device self-heating were investigated. For a power density (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${P}_{\text {dis}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) of 1 W/mm at <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${V}_{\text {GS}} =$ </tex-math></inline-formula> 4 V (i.e., a fully open channel condition), when the channel width is along a direction perpendicular to (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\bar {{2}}{01}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>), the channel temperature decreases by 10% as compared to a case aligning the channel length along the direction close to [100]. Also, by decreasing the width of the interconnect between the drain electrode and the metal bond pad (serving as a heat pathway) from 100 to <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$10~\mu \text{m}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> (90% reduction), the channel temperature increased by ~8% for <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${P}_{\text {dis}} =$ </tex-math></inline-formula> 1 W/mm. Last, for devices with identical heat generation profiles, increasing the distance between the gate and drain contact from 1 to 10 <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mu \text{m}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, results in a 35% increase in the channel temperature rise. This work highlights the importance of thermally aware device layout design for lateral <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\beta $ </tex-math></inline-formula>-Ga<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> transistors, in terms of maximizing both the electrical and thermal performance.
Melting phase relations in Fe-Si-H at high pressure: Implications for Earth’s inner core crystallization and core light elements

Hydrogen could be an important light element in planetary cores, but its effect on phase diagrams of iron alloys is not well known because the solubility of H in Fe is minimal at ambient pressure and high-pressure experiments on H-bearing systems have been challenging. Considering that silicon can be another major light element in planetary cores, here we performed melting experiments on the Fe-Si-H system at ~50 GPa and obtained the ternary liquidus phase relations and the solid/liquid partition coefficient, D of Si and H based on in-situ high-pressure X-ray diffraction measurements and ex-situ chemical and textural characterizations on recovered samples. Liquid crystallized hexagonal close-packed (hcp) (Fe0.93Si0.07)H0.25, which explains the observed density and velocities of the Earth’s solid inner core. The relatively high DSi = 0.94(4) and DH = 0.70(12) suggest that in addition to Si and H, the liquid outer core includes other light elements such as O, which is least partitioned into solid Fe and can thus explain the density difference between the outer and inner core. H and O, as well as Si, are likely to be major core light elements, supporting the sequestration of a large amount of water in the Earth’s core.
Combination of Insulin Sensitizer and Omega-3 Fatty acids might minimize the risk for Cardiac events in PCOS women

Objectives: Evaluation of the effect of 3 months therapy of metfonnin/omega-3 (MIO) combination on body mass index (BMI), insulin resistance (IR), and oxidative and inflammatory milieu in PCOS women at probable cardiac risk (CR) as predicted by the atherogenic index of plasma (All)). Patients and methods: 90 PCOS women were randomly allocated Into the M group received metfonnin (500 mg bi-daily) and WO group received metfonnin (500 mg bi-daily) and Omega3 (950 mg active omega-3 once daily). Pre-and Post-treatment BMI, Homeostasis
Performance, Barriers, and Satisfaction of Healthcare Workers Toward Electronic Medical Records in Saudi Arabia: A National Multicenter Study

Background Electronic medical record (EMR) systems are nowadays available internationally, including in Saudi Arabia. Nevertheless, there are still many obstacles to overcome before their effective implementation. This cross-national study aimed to investigate the perceptions and practices of healthcare workers toward implemented EMR systems. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted across selected hospitals in the four cities of Al-Ahsa, Dammam, Medina, and Riyadh in Saudi Arabia. Healthcare workers of all specialties were invited to participate in the study during the six-month study period from August 2019 to February 2020. The questionnaire was submitted online through institutional e-mails. Results The study included a total of 2684 healthcare providers. Almost half of the respondents (47.1%) were aged between 35 and 50 years. High experience with computer use was observed among 38.3% of them, while 54.3% attended EMR training activities. The performance scores of EMR’s compared to previous routines had a median of 24 (interquartile range {IQR} = 0-38). The satisfaction scores with EMR’s ranged between 16 and 80 with a median of 53 (IQR = 48-61). Older participants (>50 years), non-Saudis, and those who attended EMR training had statistically significant higher scores of both EMR performance and EMR satisfaction, (p<0.001). Those working in other medical specialties (not major) had statistically significant higher scores of EMR performance alone (p<0.001), while general practitioners (p<0.001) and females (p = 0.001) had statistically significant higher scores of EMR satisfaction alone. EMR systems’ positive impact on quality of care was the highest agreed-upon benefit reported, while the temporary loss of access to patient records if computers crashed or power failed was the highest agreed-upon barrier. Conclusions The attitude and satisfaction of healthcare workers in Saudi Arabia towards EMR systems are acceptable particularly among those who are older, non-Saudi, and have attended EMR training. Improved quality of care was the main noted benefit of EMR’s, followed by improved productivity. The temporary loss of access to patient records if computers crashed or power failed, followed by privacy and security concerns, was the major EMR barrier mentioned.
Supplementary material to "A ten-year global monthly averaged terrestrial NEE inferred from the ACOS GOSAT v9 XCO2 retrievals (GCAS2021)"

Abstract. A global gridded Net Ecosystem Exchange (NEE) of CO2 dataset is vital in global and regional carbon cycle studies. Top-down atmospheric inversion is one of the major methods to estimate the global NEE, however, the existing global NEE datasets generated through inversion from conventional CO2 observations have large uncertainties in places where observational data are sparse. Here, by assimilating the GOSAT ACOS v9 XCO2 product, we generate a ten-year (2010–2019) global monthly terrestrial NEE dataset using the Global Carbon Assimilation System, version 2 (GCASv2), which is named as GCAS2021. It includes gridded (1° × 1°), globally, latitudinally, and regionally aggregated prior and posterior NEE and ocean (OCN) fluxes, and prescribed wildfire (FIRE) and fossil fuel and cement (FFC) carbon emissions. Globally, the decadal mean NEE is −3.73 ± 0.52 PgC yr−1, with interannual amplitude of 2.73 PgC yr−1. Combining the OCN flux, and FIRE and FFC emissions, the net biosphere flux (NBE) and atmospheric growth rate (AGR) as well as their inter-annual variabilities (IAVs) agree well with the estimates of Global Carbon Budget 2020. Regionally, our dateset shows that eastern North America, Amazon, Congo Basin, Europe, boreal forests, southern China and Southeast Asia are carbon sinks, while western US, African grasslands, Brazilian plateaus and parts of South Asia are carbon sources. In the TRANSCOM land regions, the NBEs of temperate N. America, northern Africa and boreal Asia are between the estimates of CMS-Flux NBE 2020 and CT2019B, and those in temperate Asia, Europe, and Southeast Asia are consistent with CMS-Flux NBE 2020 but significantly different from CT2019B. In the RECCAP2 regions, except for Africa and South Asia, the NBEs are comparable with the latest bottom-up estimate of Ciais et al. (2021). Compared with previous studies, the IAVs and seasonal cycles of NEE of this dataset could clearly reflect the impacts of extreme climates and large-scale climate anomalies on the carbon flux. The evaluations also show that the posterior CO2 concentrations at remote sites and in regional scale, as well as on vertical CO2 profiles in the Asia-Pacific region and the Amazon basin, are all consistent with independent CO2 measurements from surface flask and aircraft CO2 observations, indicating that this dataset captures surface carbon fluxes well. We believe that this dataset will contribute to regional or national-scale carbon cycle and carbon neutrality assessment, and carbon dynamics research. The dataset can be accessed at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5829774 (Jiang, 2022).