Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Simplified Policy for Management of Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension

Background: Idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) is a disorder of elevated intracranial pressure of unknown cause. It is characterized by increased intracranial pressure with its attendant signs and symptoms in an alert and oriented patient, but without localizing neurologic findings. Objectives: To evaluate management outcome of idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) by depending on visual field changes as an indication for surgery. Patients & Methods: The study included twenty three IIH patients fulfilling Dandy criteria with free MRI brain. All patients underwent lumber puncture (LP) with measurement of CSF opening pressure and analysis of the released volume CSF. All patients underwent complete ophthalmological assessment, and decision making was based on the results of visual field examination. Results: Seven patients presented with insignificant visual field changes passed smooth follow-up for 9-18 months without deterioration of visual field or recurrence of symptoms after the initial LP and the maintained medical treatment. Four patients presented with marked visual field affection and lumbo-peritoneal shunt (LPS) was inserted urgently. Twelve patients presented initially with mild visual field changes developed deterioration of visual field on follow-up visits and underwent LPS. Conclusion: Visual field testing is a reliable indication for surgery in patients with IIH as visual acuity and color perception are generally affected late in papilledema.
Submesoscale turbulence in the upper ocean

Submesoscale flows, current systems 1-100 km in horizontal extent, are increasingly coming into focus as an important component of upper-ocean dynamics. A range of processes have been proposed to energize submesoscale flows, but which process dominates in reality must be determined observationally. We diagnose from observed flow statistics that in the thermocline the dynamics in the submesoscale range transition from geostrophic turbulence at large scales to inertia-gravity waves at small scales, with the transition scale depending dramatically on geographic location. A similar transition is shown to occur in the atmosphere, suggesting intriguing similarities between atmospheric and oceanic dynamics. We furthermore diagnose from upper-ocean observations a seasonal cycle in submesoscale turbulence: fronts and currents are more energetic in the deep wintertime mixed layer than in the summertime seasonal thermocline. This seasonal cycle hints at the importance of baroclinic mixed layer instabilities in energizing submesoscale turbulence in winter. To better understand this energization, three aspects of the dynamics of baroclinic mixed layer instabilities are investigated. First, we formulate a quasigeostrophic model that describes the linear and nonlinear evolution of these instabilities. The simple model reproduces the observed wintertime distribution of energy across scales and depth, suggesting it captures the essence of how the submesoscale range is energized in winter. Second, we investigate how baroclinic instabilities are affected by convection, which is generated by atmospheric forcing and dominates the mixed layer dynamics at small scales. It is found that baroclinic instabilities are remarkably resilient to the presence of convection and develop even when rapid overturns keep the mixed layer unstratified. Third, we discuss the restratification induced by baroclinic mixed layer instabilities. We show that the rate of restratification depends on characteristics of the baroclinic eddies themselves, a dependence not captured by a previously proposed parameterization. These insights sharpen our understanding of submesoscale dynamics and can help focus future inquiry into whether and how submesoscale flows influence the ocean's role in climate. Thesis supervisor: Raffaele Ferrari Title: Breene M. Kerr Professor of Oceanography
Outdoor air pollution and respiratory health in patients with COPD

Objectives Time series studies have shown adverse effects of outdoor air pollution on mortality and hospital admissions in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) but panel studies have been inconsistent. This study investigates short-term effects of outdoor nitrogen dioxide, ozone, sulfur dioxide, particulate matter (PM 10 ) and black smoke on exacerbations, respiratory symptoms and lung function in 94 patients with COPD in east London. Methods Patients were recruited from an outpatient clinic and were asked to complete daily diary cards (median follow-up 518 days) recording exacerbations, symptoms and lung function, and the amount of time spent outdoors. Outdoor air pollution exposure (lag 1 day) was obtained from local background monitoring stations. on symptoms and exacerbations, particularly for PM 10 , black smoke and NO 2 . Why have shown links between outdoor air pollution and increased COPD mortality/morbidity and this study shows similar effects in individual patients, supporting the case for causality. the administration of AcSDKP to wild-type mice reduced bleomycin-induced lung ﬁ brosis, as assessed by lung hydroxyproline content (7.7 m g/mg in mice given AcSDKP compared with 12.47 m g/mg in mice given saline, p < 10 -4 ). These results show that the inactivation of the N-terminal of ACE signi ﬁ cantly reduces bleomycin-induced lung ﬁ brosis and implicates AcSDKP as a mediator of this protection. A novel means to increase tolerance to bleomycin and to treat ﬁ brosing lung diseases is thus proposed.
Journal of Reproduction and Development

The large Japanese field mouse (Apodemus speciosus) is endemic to Japan and may be used as an animal model for studies related to environmental pollution, medical science, and basic biology. However, the large Japanese field mouse has low reproductive ability due to the small number of oocytes ovulated per female. To produce experimental models, we investigated the in vitro developmental potential of interspecies somatic cell nuclear transfer (iSCNT) embryos produced by fusing tail tip cells from the large Japanese field mouse with enucleated oocytes from laboratory mice (Mus musculus domesticus). Only a small number of iSCNT embryos developed to the 4-cell (0–4%) and blastocysts (0–1%) stages under sequential treatment using trichostatin A (TSA) and vitamin C (VC) supplemented with deionized bovine serum albumin (d-BSA). This sequential treatment led to the reduction in H3K9 trimethylation and did not affect H3K4 trimethylation in at least the 2-cell stage of the iSCNT embryos. Moreover, iSCNT embryos that received tail tip cells with exposure treatment to ooplasm from cell fusion to oocyte activation or VC treatment prior to cell fusion did not exhibit significant in vitro development improvement compared to that of each control group. This suggests that large Japanese field mice/laboratory mice iSCNT embryos that received sequential treatment using TSA and VC with d-BSA may have slightly better developmental potential beyond the 4-cell stage. Our results provide insights into the reprogramming barriers impeding the wider implementation of iSCNT technology.
Systematic Review/Meta-analysis

Background: Acute myocarditis has been described as a relatively rare cardiovascular complication of COVID-19 infection. However, data regarding the risk of myocarditis during the post-acute phase of COVID-19 are scant. We assess the risk of incident myocarditis in COVID-19 survivors within 1 year from the index infection by a systematic review and meta-analysis of the available data.
Human Neuroscience

general, these studies have found that visually presented real words and pseudowords (pronounceable non-words), relative to non-word control stimuli (e.g., consonant strings and digits), selectively elicit enhanced activity in portions of the left medial occipital cortex. Additional, studies have provided converging evidence for the identifi cation of this area, located in the left midfusiform gyrus, as a putative 'visual word form' area although other studies have also suggested that the degree of left-lateralization depends on the linguistic familiarity of the characters While these hemodynamically based neuroimaging studies have been highly valuable in identifying the anatomical substrates of visual orthographic processing, they are, however, notably limited in their ability to reveal much about the temporal dynamics of the underlying processing. An understanding of the temporal dynamics of these processes has begun to emerge through direct (Nobre et al., 1994; Matsumoto et al., 2004; Canolty et al., 2007) and indirect recordings of the
Deficits in Analogical Reasoning in Adolescents with Traumatic Brain Injury

Individuals with traumatic brain injury (TBI) exhibit deficits in executive control, which may impact their reasoning abilities. Analogical reasoning requires working memory and inhibitory abilities. In this study, we tested adolescents with moderate to severe TBI and typically developing (TD) controls on a set of picture analogy problems. Three factors were varied: complexity (number of relations in the problems), distraction (distractor item present or absent), and animacy (living or non-living items in the problems). We found that TD adolescents performed significantly better overall than TBI adolescents. There was also an age effect present in the TBI group where older participants performed better than younger ones. This age effect was not observed in the TD group. Performance was affected by complexity and distraction. Further, TBI participants exhibited lower performance with distractors present than TD participants. The reasoning deficits exhibited by the TBI participants were correlated with measures of executive function that required working memory updating, attention, and attentional screening. Using MRI-derived measures of cortical thickness, correlations were carried out between task accuracy and cortical thickness. The TD adolescents showed negative correlations between thickness and task accuracy in frontal and temporal regions consistent with cortical maturation in these regions. This study demonstrates that adolescent TBI results in impairments in analogical reasoning ability. Further, TBI youth have difficulty effectively screening out distraction, which may lead to failures in comprehension of the relations among items in visual scenes. Lastly, TBI youth fail to show robust cortical–behavior correlations as observed in TD individuals.
Effect of GnRH administration at day 5 or day 7 after AI on progesterone concentrations, corpus luteum volume and pregnancy in lactating dairy cows

The objective of the study was to determine the effect of gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) administration on day 5 or day 7 after artificial insemination (AI) on progesterone concentration, total corpus luteum (CL) volume and pregnancy/AI (P/AI) in lactating dairy cows. Multiparous dairy cows (n=1054) from two dairy farms, one in Virginia and one in North Carolina, were enrolled in this study. All cows were synchronized with Presynch-CO-Synch protocol for first service. Following AI (day 0), cows were randomly allocated to one of the following three treatment groups: cows in the GnRH-5 group (n=335) received 100 µg of GnRH im five days after insemination; cows in the GnRH-7 group (n=390) received 100 µg of GnRH im seven days after insemination and cows in the control group (n=329) received no treatment. Blood samples were collected from a subset of cows (n=52) at day -38, day -24, day -10, day 0 (day of AI) and day 14 for progesterone concentration determination. The progesterone concentrations at day -38, -28, and -10 determined ovarian cyclicity of the cows and the progesterone concentration at day14 (9 or 7 days following GnRH treatment) were used to detect differences in progesterone among treatment groups. The ovaries of the subset of cows were screened using ultrasonography for the formation of accessory CL and total volume of CLs (primary + accessory CLs) was recorded. Cows were examined for pregnancy by transrectal ultrasonography at 30 days and again at 60 days after insemination. The P/AI for GnRH-5, GnRH-7 and control groups were 31.6% (106/335), 33.8% (132/390) and 31.9% (105/329), respectively (p > 0.1). The total CL volume differed among the treatment groups (p < 0.05) but day 14 progesterone concentration did not differ among the treatment groups (p > 0.1). The progesterone concentration in the control group (n=17) was 5.9 ± 0.3 ng/ mL and total CL volume was 8.3 ± 0.6 cm 3 . The progesterone concentration in the GnRH-5 group (n=15) was 6.3 ± 0.4 ng/ mL and total CL volume was 12.6 ± 0.7 cm 3 . The progesterone concentration in the GnRH-7 group (n=20) was 6.6 ± 0.4 ng/ mL and total CL volume was 12.0 ± 0.8 cm 3 . In conclusion, GnRH administration at day 5 or day 7 following insemination neither increased progesterone concentrations nor improved P/AI compared to controls.
Farmers' use of mobile phone technology for agricultural information services in Lilongwe District, Malawi

Chisama, Benjamin, F. , Purdue University, August 2016. Farmers' Use of Mobile Phone Technology for Agricultural Information Services in Lilongwe District, Malawi. Major Professors: Roger Tormoehlen and Neil Knobloch. Mobile phone technology can be a useful tool to provide farmers with relevant and reliable agricultural information for critical farming decisions in developing countries such as Malawi. An increasing number of rural farmers have been faced with information asymmetry challenges due to some pitfalls in the extension systems. In addition, knowledge gaps on farmers’ use of mobile phone technology; their awareness and use of MAIS; and their preferred topics to be delivered using mobile platforms were identified. However, little was known on how farmers were using existing MAIS. This study’s aim was to explore the potential of providing mobile agricultural information services to farmers in Malawi’s Lilongwe District. The mixed research mode was used to capture information from 291 participants using a structured questionnaire. Data analysis was done using descriptive statistics in SPSS (Version 16) and thematic analysis. The study’s findings showed that only 14% of farmer participants were aware of MAIS, with only 12% and 6% using IVR and SMS services, respectively. The farmers expressed a strong desire for an integrated MAIS system with additional interactive approaches incorporated into existing extension programs. It was concluded that farmers were quite a bit
Deglacial and Holocene sea-ice and climate dynamics in the Bransﬁeld Strait, northern Antarctic Peninsula

The reconstruction of past sea-ice distribution in the Southern Ocean is crucial for an improved understanding of ice–ocean–atmosphere feedbacks and the evaluation of Earth system and Antarctic ice sheet models. The Antarctic Peninsula (AP) has been experiencing a warming since the start of regular monitoring of the atmospheric temperature in the 1950s. The associated decrease in sea-ice cover contrasts the trend of growing sea-ice extent in East Antarc-tica. To reveal the long-term sea-ice history at the northern Antarctic Peninsula (NAP) under changing climate conditions, we examined a marine sediment core from the eastern basin of the Bransﬁeld Strait covering the last Deglacial and the Holocene. For sea-ice reconstructions, we focused on the speciﬁc sea-ice biomarker lipid IPSO 25 , a highly branched isoprenoid (HBI), and sea-ice diatoms, whereas a phytoplankton-derived HBI triene (C 25 : 3 ) and warmer open-ocean diatom assemblages reﬂect predominantly ice-free conditions. We further reconstruct ocean temperatures using glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers (GDGTs) and diatom assemblages and compare our sea-ice and temperature records with published marine sediment and ice core data. A maximum ice cover is observed during the Antarctic Cold Rever-sal 13 800–13 000 years before present (13.8–13 ka), while seasonally ice-free conditions permitting (summer) phyto-plankton productivity are reconstructed for the late Deglacial and the Early Holocene from 13 to 8.3 ka. An overall decreasing sea-ice trend throughout the Middle Holocene co-incides with summer ocean warming and increasing phyto-plankton productivity. The Late Holocene is characterized by highly variable
Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology Open Access Smoking and Reproduction: the Oviduct as a Target of Cigarette Smoke A. Background

The oviduct is an exquisitely designed organ that functions in picking-up ovulated oocytes, transporting gametes in opposite directions to the site of fertilization, providing a suitable environment for fertilization and early development, and transporting preimplantation embryos to the uterus. A variety of biological processes can be studied in oviducts making them an excellent model for toxicological studies. This review considers the role of the oviduct in oocyte pickup and embryo transport and the evidence that chemicals in both mainstream and sidestream cigarette smoke impair these oviductal functions. Epidemiological data have repeatedly shown that women who smoke are at increased risk for a variety of reproductive problems, including ectopic pregnancy, delay to conception, and infertility. In vivo and in vitro studies indicate the oviduct is targeted by smoke components in a manner that could explain some of the epidemiological data. Comparisons between the toxicity of smoke from different types of cigarettes, including harm reduction cigarettes, are discussed, and the chemicals in smoke that impair oviductal functioning are reviewed. Exposure to cigarette smoke may be either active or passive , and the type of smoke inhaled in each case has a different origin. Mainstream smoke is the smoke that an active smoker inhales with each puff, while sidestream smoke, the main component of environmental tobacco smoke, burns off the end of a lit cigarette and is the smoke inhaled by passive smokers. While the association between inhalation of mainstream smoke and cardiovas-cular disease and cancer has been established for many years, the impact of smoking on reproduction is recognized , but less well characterized and less well known [1]. Epidemiological studies have repeatedly shown that women of child bearing age who actively inhale mainstream smoke have higher rates of infertility, spontaneous abortion, ectopic pregnancy, tubal infertility, increased time to conception, and intrauterine growth retardation than nonsmokers [2-15]. Increases in infertility and ectopic pregnancy in smokers could be due to impairment of oviductal functioning. In patients with primary tubal infertility, 39% were smokers when they started trying to conceive in contrast to only 16% in the non-smoking group (OR = 2.7) [10]. Heavy smoking (> 5 pack-years) increased the odds ratio to 4.2, and similar dose related effects have been repeatedly observed [11,16].
UR Scholarship Repository UR Scholarship Repository

Implicit theories of self-regulation were examined among adults with Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in order to determine whether mindsets about self-regulation affect goal-attainment in the context of a self-regulation disorder. We conducted two studies in an effort to develop a deeper understanding of goal-related impairment among adults with ADHD. Study 1 was an exploratory study wherein we investigated general correlations between implicit theories of self-regulation, avoidance, negative emotions, and functional impairment in a community sample of adults with ADHD. Study 2 examined the incremental validity of implicit theories. In Study 2 we also examined whether implicit theories of self-regulation predicted emotions and coping responses following a self-regulation failure, and if implicit theories of self-regulation operate differently for people with ADHD. Our findings show that growth theories of self-regulation may matter even more in the context of a self-regulation disorder and support the consideration of an implicit theories approach within current therapeutic models for adult ADHD.
Rete Embolization Model Superselective Injection of DMSO in the Swine A Reexamination of the Angiotoxicity of

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: There are a variety of embolization applications for non-adhesive, liquid agents. We reevaluated the potential microvascular angiotoxicity of superse-lective infusions of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) using very long infusion rates in a previously described animal model. METHODS: Twenty-six swine underwent percutaneous femoral puncture for superselective catheterization of the artery of the rete while being continuously monitored for ECG and intraarterial pressure. Two volumes (0.5 or 0.8 mL) and three durations (30, 60, and 90 seconds) of superselective infusion of DMSO were used to evaluate the effect of a single-dose rate within an ipsilateral rete. Contralateral control infusions of normal saline were also administered. Acute hemodynamic and angiographic outcomes were assessed. After recovery, follow-up angiography and sacriﬁce were performed at either 10 or 28 days. Brains and retia were harvested for gross and microscopic histopathologic evaluation. RESULTS: No signiﬁcant hemodynamic alterations occurred acutely. Twenty-three of the 24 infused retia showed variable acute vasospasm that typically was mild to moderate in severity and transient (10 to 20 minutes). Follow-up angiography at sacriﬁce always showed normal retial arterial anatomy. No adverse clinical sequelae were noted. Gross inspection of brains showed no evidence of infarction or subarachnoid hemorrhage. Microscopic histopathologic examination of retia showed mostly nonspeciﬁc changes in both exposed and control samples. Possible causal histotoxicity was seen in four retia (three of four exposed to higher dose rates), in which involvement was limited to one to three retial arteries.
to identify

in post-thaw semen quality were the percentage of progressively motile sperm and membrane integrity, with LE extender having the lowest mean progressive motility, but greatest mean membrane integrity. Differences in thawing protocols resulted in LE samples being analyzed for motility at a relatively high concentration, which may have affected the accuracy of the computerized semen analyzer for assessing progressive motility. Unlike the CaniPRO, the Can-Freeze and the LE protocols do not require the addition of fresh egg yolk. CanFreeze and LE are simpliﬁed freezing protocols that may be of beneﬁt for semen freezing laboratories with limited technical assistance.
The Effect of CSR on Restaurants’ Brand Image and Customers’ Brand Attitudes as Evidenced by Their Purchase Intentions

This study aims to identify CSR dimensions which affect restaurants’ brand image and customers’ brand attitudes and assess the impact of these two mediating variables impact on customers’ purchase intentions. The study is based on information from 417 questionnaires distributed among restaurant customers in Tehran. Structural equation modelling (SEM) was used to test the conceptual model and results reveal that economic CSR is inversely correlated with brand image and brand attitude, although this relationship is not significant. This means that if customers feel that restaurants pay too much attention to profitability, they may have a negative attitude towards these restaurants. Other CSR dimensions (legal, ethical, philanthropic and environmental) were found to have a positive effect on brand image and customers’ brand attitudes, both of which make them more likely to use their services. Therefore, restaurant owners should be aware of different implications of CSR activities and choose those that are likely to improve restaurants’ brand image and be positively perceived by customers.