Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Producción bufalina doble propósito en Colombia: curva de lactancia y peso de las crías

El objetivo de este estudio fue describir la curva de lactancia (CL), la produccion de leche a los 240 (P240) y 270 dias (P270),el equivalente de leche de bufala a vaca (ELV), la duracion de la lactancia (DL) y el peso al destete(PD) de las crias de bufalas provenientes de sistemas de produccion doble proposito en Colombia. Se utilizaron 359,718 controles lecheros de 17,444 partos de 5,691 bufalas de 17 fincas y 19,643 pesos al destete de crias de 8227 bufalas de cuatro fincas con sistema doble proposito. Se utilizaron modelos aditivos mixtos generalizados para estimar la CL con los efectos fijos de grupo contemporaneo y la suavizacion de la duracion de la lactancia para cada numero de partos y el efecto aleatorio de bufala; para PD se incluyeron los efectos de grupo contemporaneo, sexo, numero de parto de la madre y la covariable edad al destete y el efecto aleatorio de la madre. Para DL se utilizo un modelo mixto aditivo generalizado con familia Poisson, con los efectos fijos de numero de partos y grupo contemporaneo y efecto aleatorio de bufala. Las P240 y P270 fueron calculadas con los coeficientes de la suavizacion de CL y para la produccion ELV se considero la P270 y PD. Los efectos fijos incluidos en los modelos fueron significativos (P<0.05). Entre el primer parto y el parto 12 los promedios diarios de leche variaron entre 4.1 y 4.7 kg (pico de lactancia), 903 y 919 kg (para P240), 986 y 919 kg (para P270), 1653 y 1694 kg (ELV), 238 y 250 dias (DL) y 187 y 204 kg (PD). En conclusion, la forma de la curva de lactancia es semejante a los vacunos de leche, donde el pico de lactancia ocurre antes de los 50 dias. El ELV es mayor a los 1300 kg, valor aceptable para sistemas de produccion a pastoreo sin suplementacion y con condiciones agroecologicas adversas.
The role of intellectual capital on innovation: Evidence from Hungarian SMEs

This study investigates the relationship between intellectual capital components and innovation on a sample of 1243 Hungarian small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs) drawn from the Global Competitiveness Project (GCP). The results of the logistic regressions reveal a significantly positive effect of structural capital and relational capital on innovation, whereas the impact of human capital is not significant. The results show the importance for entrepreneurs of strengthening intellectual capital in order to increase SMEs innovation, and advise policymakers on how to mobilize support schemes for the renewal of SMEs with low individual but high collective innovation potential. Instead of examining large enterprises and startups, the novelty of the study relies on the analysis of the connections between intellectual capital components and innovation in the context of mature Hungarian SMEs.
Divisions of Research & Statistics and Monetary Affairs Federal Reserve Board , Washington , D . C . Risk , Uncertainty , and Asset Prices

We identify the relative importance of changes in the conditional variance of fundamentals (which we call “uncertainty”) and changes in risk aversion in the determination of the term structure, equity prices and risk premiums. Theoretically, we introduce persistent time-varying uncertainty about the fundamentals in an external habit model. The model matches the dynamics of dividend and consumption growth, including their volatility dynamics and many salient asset market phenomena. While the variation in price-dividend ratios and the equity risk premium is primarily driven by risk aversion, uncertainty plays a large role in the term structure and is the driver of counter-cyclical volatility of asset returns. ∗Corresponding author: Columbia Business School, 802 Uris Hall, 3022 Broadway, New York New York, 10027; ph: (212)-854-9156; fx: (212)-662-8474; gb241@columbia.edu. We thank Lars Hansen, Bob Hodrick, Charlie Himmelberg, Kobi Boudoukh, Stijn Van Nieuwerburgh, Tano Santos, Pietro Veronesi, Francisco Gomes and participants at presentations at the Federal Reserve Board; the WFA, Portland; University of Leuven, Belgium; Caesarea Center 3rd conference, Herzliya, Israel; Brazil Finance Society Meetings, Vittoria, Brazil; Australasian meeting of the Econometric Society, Brisbane; Federal Reserve Bank of New York for helpful comments. The views expressed in this article are those of the authors and not necessarily of the Federal Reserve System.
Divisions of Research & Statistics and Monetary Affairs Federal Reserve Board , Washington , D . C . Does Credit Supply Affect Small-Firm Finance ?

States were granted authority to limit interstate branching following passage of Federal legislation in 1994, relaxing restrictions on geographical expansion by banks. We show that differences in state’s branching restrictions affect credit supply. In states more open to branching, small firms borrow at interest rates 25 to 45 basis points lower than firms operating in less open states. Firms in open states also are more likely to borrow from banks. Despite this evidence that interstate branch openness expands credit supply, we find no effect of variation in state restrictions on branching on small-firm borrowing or other indicators of credit constraints. The views expressed in this paper are solely those of the authors and should not be interpreted as reflecting the views of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System or of any other person associated with the Federal Reserve System. We thank John Wolken, Diana Hancock, Courtney Carter, Traci Mach, John Holmes, Ron Borzekowski, Robert DeYoung and seminar participants at the Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago, the Federal Reserve Board and the 44 Annual Conference on Bank Structure and Competition. 1
Divisions of Research & Statistics and Monetary Affairs Federal Reserve Board , Washington , D . C . Private and Public Liquidity Provision in Over-the-Counter Markets

We show that trade frictions in OTC markets result in inefficient private liquidity provision. We develop a dynamic model of market-based financial intermediation with a two-way interaction between primary credit markets and secondary OTC markets. Private allocations are generically inefficient because investors and firms fail to internalize how their actions affect liquidity in secondary markets. This inefficiency can lead to liquidity that is suboptimally low or high compared to the second best, providing a rationale for the regulation and public provision of liquidity. Moreover, our model characterizes a transmission channel of quantitative easing or tightening operating through liquidity premia.
Divisions of Research & Statistics and Monetary Affairs Federal Reserve Board , Washington , D . C . Stock Market Participation , Portfolio Choice and Pensions over the Life-Cycle

The empirical evidence on stock market participation and portfolio choice de es the predictions of standard life-cycle theory. In this paper we develop and estimate a model of portfolio choice that can account for the limited stock market participation and substantial portfolio diversi cation seen in the data. We present three realistic extensions to the basic framework: per period xed costs, public pension provision, and a small chance of a disastrous event in the stock market. The estimated model is able to explain observed patterns at reasonable wealth levels, while keeping to a fairly simple framework. We demonstrate that it is no longer necessary to assume counterfactual asset holdings, heterogeneity in preferences, or implausible parameter values, in order to match key nancial statistics. Keywords: rare disasters, precautionary saving, portfolio choice, stock market participation and uninsurable labor income risk JEL Classi cation: G11, H31 I would like to thank Sule Alan, James Banks, Tom Crossley, Richard Disney, Hamish Low, Michael Palumbo and participants of seminars and conferences at Cambridge University, Federal Reserve Board, Glasgow University, Ifo Institute, IZA, Oslo University, Oxford University, Public Economics UK, Royal Economic Society, Simposio de Análisis Económico, Stockholm School of Economics and Tilburg University. The views in this paper are solely the responsibility of the author, and should not be interpreted as reecting the views of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, or any other persons associated with the Federal Reserve System. yCorresponding address at: Federal Reserve Board, 20th and C St., NW, Washington DC 20551, Email : ste¤an.g. ball@frb.gov, Tel : +1-202-452-2869, Fax : +1-202-872-3248
Mountain soils derived from massive rocks in the Northwestern Wedel Jarlsberg Land, Spitsbergen

: Mountain soils derived from massive rocks were studied in the northwestern Wedel Jarlsberg Land. Main soil properties were examined for collected samples. Soils were classified as lithosols with common loamy and silty composition, and small amount of colloi­ dal fraction. Soils were mostly alkaline due to high content of CaCO.i. Much more organic substance occurred at westerly- than easterly-exposed hills and located close to a sea. Exam­ ined soils contained much soluble forms of Ca, Mg and occasionally Na, little of P and K. Density of plant cover corresponded to contents of organic substance.
Arabs at War: Military Effectiveness, 1948-1991

MILITARY AFFAIRS Arabs at War: Military Effectiveness, 1948-1991, by Kenneth M. Pollack. Lincoln, NE and London, UK: University of Nebraska Press, 2002. xv + 583 pages. Maps. Tables. Notes to p. 653. Sel bibl. to p. 675. Index to p. 698. $69.95. Ken Pollack, the author of the widely quoted book, The Threatening Storm: A Case for Invading Iraq (New York: Bantam Books, 2002), has also produced a much-- needed analysis of Arab military capabilities. In Arabs at War, which is an expansion of Pollack's unpublished 1996 doctoral thesis at MIT, the author lays out a conceptual framework to analyze the performance of six Arab countries from the War of Liberation with Israel in 1948 through the liberation of Kuwait by the US-led coalition in 1991. But, instead of analyzing military effectiveness, the book turns into an expose of Arab military ineffectiveness. Pollack lists ten categories to frame his analysis of why the Arab militaries have been generally ineffective for over 40 years. The categories include: unit cohesion; generalship; tactical leadership; information management; technical skills and weapons handling; logistics; maintenance; morale, training; and, finally, cowardice. The performance of the Egyptian and Iraqi Armed Forces constitute the longest chapters in the book, since they were involved in the majority of fighting during the period that Pollack reviews. Syrian, Jordanian, and Libyan military actions are analyzed in progressively shorter chapters, while Saudi Armed Forces' actions during Operation Desert Storm in 1991 are covered in just over 20 pages. Over 35 maps are scattered throughout the text, illustrating the battles and forces involved in major campaigns or key military engagements. These maps help orient the reader to the situation on the ground, though additional maps would have helped the reader through this voluminous work, as very few tables were used. In each chapter, Pollack summarizes his view of the strengths and weaknesses of the six armed forces that engaged in combat with other Arab countries, Israel, Iran, or the United States. Pollack then draws together the key points from his analysis of each of the six armed forces into his final chapter, "Conclusions and Lessons. " Here, he explains why the Arab armies performed so poorly in combat during the latter half of the 201 Century - certainly not for a lack of money spent on their armed forces or on expensive arms purchases from the United States, from other Western countries, or from the Soviet Bloc. …
Experimental Investigation of Directive Antenna in Near Field Indirect Microwave Holography

An efficient implementation of low cost, specifically designed directive antennae as transmitter and receiver for the development of compact indirect microwave holographic setup is presented. Microwave holograms are recorded by 2D scanning over a plane using motorized translation stage. The recorded interference pattern i.e. holograms are then processed numerically to reconstruct the amplitude and phase information employing the angular spectrum diffraction method. A Very Deep Super Resolution (VDSR) network is also used to further enhance the resolution of the reconstructed amplitude image. The qualitative experimental results exploit the possibility of developing the miniaturized, and low-cost indirect microwave holographic system for near field imaging applications.
Molecular classification of small cell lung cancer subtypes: Characteristics, prognostic factors, and clinical translation

Abstract Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is a highly malignant tumor with a very poor prognosis; therefore, more effective treatments are urgently needed for patients afflicted with the disease. In recent years, emerging molecular classifications based on key transcription factors of SCLC have provided more information on the tumor pathophysiology, metastasis, immune microenvironment, and acquired therapeutic resistance and reflected the intertumoral heterogeneity of the various SCLC phenotypes. Additionally, advances in genomics and single-cell sequencing analysis have further revealed the high intratumoral heterogeneity and plasticity of the disease. Herein, we review and summarize these recent lines of evidence and discuss the possible pathogenesis of SCLC.
Selection and Evaluation of Potential Stormwater Harvesting Sites in Urban Areas

Urban cities are universally becoming water stressed due to combined pressures of increasing urbanisation, growing populations, and fluctuating climate change regimes. Therefore, water resource managers are globally developing strategies to ensure water security and associated long term sustainable use. Stormwater harvesting represents one of those strategies which reduces pressure on existing urban water resources, and mitigates the detrimental environmental impacts of urban stormwater runoff on receiving water bodies. Selection of suitable urban stormwater harvesting sites and associated project planning are often complex due to spatial, temporal, economic, environmental and social factors, and associated various other variables. Moreover, the planning of stormwater harvesting projects essentially involves the engagement of diverse stakeholders in the decision making, who may have conflicting views on stormwater harvesting sites and approaches.
Serum phosphate is associated with increased risk of bone fragility fractures in haemodialysis patients

ABSTRACT Background Bone fragility fractures are associated with high morbidity and mortality. This study analysed the association between the current biochemical parameters of chronic kidney disease–mineral and bone disorders (CKD-MBD) and bone fragility fractures in the COSMOS (Current management Of Secondary hyperparathyroidism: a Multicentre Observational Study) project. Methods COSMOS is a 3-year, multicentre, open cohort, prospective, observational study carried out in 6797 haemodialysis patients (227 centres from 20 European countries). The association of bone fragility fractures (outcome) with serum calcium, phosphate and parathyroid hormone (PTH) (exposure), was assessed using standard Cox proportional hazards regression and Cox proportional hazards regression for recurrent events. Additional analyses were performed considering all-cause mortality as a competitive event for bone fragility fracture occurrence. Multivariable models were used in all strategies, with the fully adjusted model including a total of 24 variables. Results During a median follow-up of 24 months, 252 (4%) patients experienced at least one bone fragility fracture (incident bone fragility fracture rate 28.5 per 1000 patient-years). In the fractured and non-fractured patients, the percentage of men was 43.7% and 61.4%, mean age 68.1 and 63.8 years and a haemodialysis vintage of 55.9 and 38.3 months, respectively. Baseline serum phosphate >6.1 mg/dL (reference value 4.3–6.1 mg/dL) was significantly associated with a higher bone fragility fracture risk in both regression models {hazard ratio (HR) 1.53 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.10–2.13] and HR 1.44 (95% CI 1.02–2.05)}. The significant association persisted after competitive risk analysis [subHR 1.42 (95% CI 1.02–1.98)] but the finding was not confirmed when serum phosphate was considered as a continuous variable. Baseline serum calcium showed no association with bone fragility fracture risk in any regression model. Baseline serum PTH >800 pg/mL was significantly associated with a higher bone fragility fracture risk in both regression models, but the association disappeared after a competitive risk analysis. Conclusions Hyperphosphatemia was independently and consistently associated with an increased bone fracture risk, suggesting serum phosphate could be a novel risk factor for bone fractures in haemodialysis patients.
Measuring quality of life in care homes when self-report is challenging: the construct validity, structural characteristics and internal consistency of the mixed-methods adult social care outcomes toolkit

Abstract Introduction The adult social care outcomes toolkit (ASCOT) measures social care-related quality of life (SCRQoL) using self-completion questionnaires and interviews. Many care home residents find such methods inaccessible, leading to a reliance on proxy-reporting. This study aimed to establish the psychometric properties of the mixed-methods toolkit [ASCOT-Care Homes, 4 outcome (CH4)] for measuring SCRQoL when residents cannot self-report. Methods Two cross-sectional, mixed-methods studies were undertaken in care homes for older people in England between 2015 and 2020. We used the ASCOT-CH4 (observation, and interviews with residents and proxies) to collect information about SCRQoL and collected additional data on residents’ needs and characteristics, and variables hypothesised to be related to SCRQoL. Hypothesis testing was applied to establish construct validity, Cronbach’s alpha for internal consistency and exploratory factor analysis for structural validity. Results The combined dataset included 475 residents from 54 care homes (34 nursing, 20 residential). Half had a diagnosis of dementia. Less than a third of residents were able to complete an ASCOT interview. Observations and proxy interviews informed researcher ratings, meaning there were no missing ASCOT-CH4 scores. ASCOT-CH4 was found to be a weak unidimensional scale, consistent with other ASCOT measures, with acceptable internal consistency (α = 0.77, 8 items). Construct validity was supported by the findings. Conclusions The ASCOT-CH4 is an alternative to conventional proxy-questionnaires for measuring the SCRQoL of care home residents, with good psychometric properties. A limitation is that users need a range of data collection skills. Future research should explore whether findings are replicable when data are collected by other researchers.
Modelling of Hydrological and Non-Point Source Pollution Regimes in Big Creek Watershed

iv DEDICATION . v ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS . vi LIST OF FIGURES . xii LIST OF TABLES . xiv LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS . xvi CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION . 1 1.1 Statement of the Problem . 1 1.2 Objectives of the Study . 3 1.3 Structure of the Thesis. 4 CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW . 6 2.
Shelukhin's Hofer distance and a symplectic cohomology barcode for contactomorphisms

This paper constructs a persistence module of Floer cohomology groups associated to a contactomorphism of the ideal boundary of a Liouville manifold. The barcode (or, bottleneck) distance between the persistence modules is bounded from above by Shelukhin's Hofer distance. Moreover, the barcode is supported (i.e., has spectrum) on the lengths of translated points of the contactomorphism. We use this structure to prove various existence results for translated points and to construct spectral invariants for contactomorphisms which are monotone with respect to positive paths and continuous with respect to Shelukhin's Hofer distance. While this paper was nearing completion, the author was made aware of similar upcoming work by Djordjevi\'c, Uljarevi\'c, Zhang.
A Locality-based Neural Solver for Optical Motion Capture

We present a novel locality-based learning method for cleaning and solving optical motion capture data. Given noisy marker data, we propose a new heterogeneous graph neural network which treats markers and joints as different types of nodes, and uses graph convolution operations to extract the local features of markers and joints and transform them to clean motions. To deal with anomaly markers (e.g. occluded or with big tracking errors), the key insight is that a marker’s motion shows strong correlations with the motions of its immediate neighboring markers but less so with other markers, a.k. a. locality, which enables us to efficiently fill missing markers (e.g. due to occlusion). Additionally, we also identify marker outliers due to tracking errors by investigating their acceleration profiles. Finally, we propose a training regime based on representation learning and data augmentation, by training the model on data with masking. The masking schemes aim to mimic the occluded and noisy markers often observed in the real data. Finally, we show that our method achieves high accuracy on multiple metrics across various datasets. Extensive comparison shows our method outperforms state-of-the-art methods in terms of prediction accuracy of occluded marker position error by approximately 20%, which leads to a further error reduction on the reconstructed joint rotations and positions by 30%. The code and data for this paper are available at https://github.com/non-void/LocalMoCap.
Interplay between improved interaction rates and modified cosmological histories for dark matter

A novel particle has been and still is an intriguing option to explain the strong evidence for dark matter in our universe. To quantitatively predict the dark matter energy density, two main ingredients are needed: interaction rates and the history of expansion of the universe. In this work, we explore the interplay between the recent progress in the determination of particle production rates and modified cosmological histories. For the freeze-out mechanism, we focus on Sommerfeld and bound-state effects, which boost and make dark matter pair annihilation more efficient. As regards the freeze-in option, we include thermal masses, which enter the decay processes that produce dark matter, and we find that they can suppress or enhance the dark matter yield. We consider a class of modified cosmological histories that induce a faster universe expansion, and we assess their effect in combination with improved particle interaction rates on the dark matter energy density.
Missing digits points near manifolds

We consider a problem concerning the distribution of points with missing digits coordinates that are close to non-degenerate analytic submanifolds. We show that large enough (to be specified in the paper) sets of points with missing digits coordinates distribute 'equally' around non-degenerate submanifolds. As a consequence, we show that intersecting those missing digits sets with non-degenerate submanifolds always achieve the optimal dimension reduction. On the other hand, we also prove that there is no lack of points with missing digits that are contained in non-degenerate submanifolds. Among the other results, 1. we prove that the pinned distance sets of those missing digits sets contain non-trivial intervals regardless of where the pin is. 2. we prove that for each $\epsilon>0,$ for missing digits sets $K$ with large bases, simple digit sets (to be specified in the paper), and $\dim_{H} K>3/4+\epsilon,$ the arithmetic product sets $K\cdot K$ contains non-trivial intervals.