Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
T RANSFORMER -QL: A S TEP T OWARDS M AKING T RANSFORMER N ETWORK Q UADRATICALLY L ARGE

Transformer networks have shown outstanding performance on many natural language processing tasks. However the context length (the number of previous tokens on which the output states depend) of a Transformer network grows at best linearly with the memory and computational power used. This limitation prevents a transformer network to have very long context in a resource limited application. In this work, we propose a class of transformer networks, namely Transformer-QL (Quadratically Large), in which, the context length can grow at best quadratically with the memory and computational power used. We have empirically evaluated a Transformer-QL model in three long range language modeling datasets. The results show that Transformer-QL can provide significant improvements over other state of the art networks.
M IME : M IMICKING C ENTRALIZED S TOCHASTIC A L - GORITHMS IN F EDERATED L EARNING

Federated learning (FL) is a challenging setting for optimization due to the heterogeneity of the data across different clients. This heterogeneity has been shown to cause a client drift, which can significantly degrade the performance of algorithms designed for the FL setting. In contrast, centralized learning with centrally collected data is not affected by such a drift and has seen great empirical and theoretical progress with innovations such as momentum and adaptivity. In this work, we propose a general algorithmic framework, MIME, which mitigates client drift and adapts arbitrary centralized optimization algorithms such as SGD and Adam to the federated learning setting. MIME uses a combination of control-variates and server-level statistics (e.g. momentum) at every client-update step to ensure that each local update mimics that of the centralized method run on iid data. Our thorough theoretical and empirical analyses strongly establish MIME’s superiority over other baselines.
L EARNING FROM DEEP MODEL VIA EXPLORING LOCAL TARGETS

Deep neural networks often have huge number of parameters, which posts challenges in deployment in application scenarios with limited memory and computation capacity. Knowledge distillation is one approach to derive compact models from bigger ones. However, it has been observed that a converged heavy teacher model is strongly constrained for learning a compact student network and could make the optimization subject to poor local optima. In this paper, we propose ProKT, a new model-agnostic method by projecting the supervision signals of a teacher model into the student’s parameter space. Such projection is implemented by decomposing the training objective into local intermediate targets with approximate mirror descent technique. The proposed method could be less sensitive with the quirks during optimization which could result in a better local optima. Experiments on both image and text datasets show that our proposed ProKT consistently achieves the state-of-the-art performance comparing to all existing knowledge distillation methods.
Studies on Seasonal Variations in Physico- Chemical Parameter of Chandrasarovar Pond of Jhalawar (Rajasthan)

Fresh water is very important to sustain life and this supply must be available to all. The increasing population and water scarcity is affecting the quality of life significantly. Availability of clean and potable water has emerged as a key issue in developing countries. Fresh water resources are declining day by day due to anthropogenic impacts, unawareness among people about their importance, lack of legal and institutional framework in conservation of village ponds. Village ponds are one of the major sources of fresh water in rural areas. From ancient time, the rainwater is being stored in village ponds. In rural areas, the people depend upon pond water for domestic, irrigation, fisheries etc. The aim of the present study was to evaluate physico-chemical properties (TDS, conductivity, sodium and potassium) of water in Chandrasarovar pond of Jhalawar, Rajasthan, India, using standard procedures. The analysis was carried out in three seasons viz. pre-monsoon, monsoon and post-monsoon for the period of two years during 2014-15. The observed values of studied parameters of water samples were compared with WHO and Indian standards (IS-10500, 2012). It was observed that 90% samples for TDS, 90.6 for conductivity, 46.6 for sodium, and 91.4 for potassium were not in acceptable limit. Therefore, from the study it is concluded that the water quality of Chandrasarovar pond of Jhalawar, Rajasthan is degrading. Consequently, necessary step should be taken to conserve and manage these small but ecologically important water bodies
S KETCH E MBED N ET : L EARNING N OVEL C ONCEPTS BY I MITATING D RAWINGS

Sketch drawings are an intuitive visual domain that appeals to human instinct. Previous work has shown that recurrent neural networks are capable of producing sketch drawings of a single or few classes at a time. In this work we investigate representations developed by training a generative model to produce sketches from pixel images across many classes in a sketch domain. We find that the embeddings learned by this sketching model are extremely informative for visual tasks and infer a unique visual understanding. We then use them to exceed state-of-the-art performance in unsupervised few-shot classification on the Omniglot and miniImageNet benchmarks. We also leverage the generative capacity of our model to produce high quality sketches of novel classes based on just a single example.
The anticancer activity of ethanol extract of Chromolaena odorata leaves in 7,12-Dimethylbenz[a]anthracene in (DMBA) induced breast cancer Wistar rats (Rattus novergicus)

Background: Breast cancer chemotherapy with standard drugs such as doxorubicin will induce cardiotoxicity. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the anticancer activity of C. odorata leaves extract in DMBA induced breast cancer on rats. Methods: Seven groups of Rattus novergicus were used: Four treatment groups of C. odorata extract (500, 1000, 2000, and 4000 mg/ kg BW), normal control, breast cancer control, and doxorubicin treatment group. The number, volume, and weight of the nodule and the rats’ body weight were compared among groups. Data was analyzed using paired t-test or one-way ANOVA with post hoc analysis as appropriate. Results: Significant decline of the number, volume, and weight of cancer nodules was observed in the treatment group (p < 0.001). The weight of the cancer nodule at week 16th was also significantly reduced in GCo2000 compared to Gdoxo (p < 0.0001). A significant increase in body weight was also dose-dependent, especially at week 11th (p < 0.05 in all comparisons) and week 16th (p < 0.001 in all comparisons). Conclusion: This study suggested that the ethanol extract of C. odorata leaves has anticancer and antiproliferative activity.
A Clinical Study of the Musical Effect on Anxiety and Depression in Dementia

Dementia is widespread among elderly people and often related to anxiety and depression. These symptoms affecting strongly dementia subject can deteriorate the quality of life and increase the risk of mortality. Consequently, it is necessary to find therapeutic methods to manage dementia. Among the several care programs, we have decided to analyze non-pharmacological interventions, precisely the music therapy. Combining the clinical psychology and the scientific literature, we have tried to explain the underlying mechanisms of « the power of music » on anxiety and depression in dementia. We hypothesize that the Musical Sound System remains relatively preserved in dementia, due to the characteristics of musical sound, and it could represent a cognitive resource. Nevertheless, the subjectivity of the patient plays an important role in therapy, as Oliver Sacks points out, and without its consideration, every intervention could be vain. The scientific literature reveals the positive effects of music in elderly people affected by dementia. Listening to music once a week can significantly decrease depression and anxiety. A significant effect can be observed from the first assessment and it can persist for 8 weeks after the end of the treatment [21]. Similar results have been recorded in other Music therapy treatments [22,23]. Listening to music also helps reducing hypertension [24,25], strongly related to depression and anxiety [26]. Consequently, the quality of life and the risk of mortality can be improved [27]. Music (passive or interactive) is also considered to be a pain relief: it can reduce distress, agitation and Behavioral and Psychological Symptoms of Dementia [28-30]. Further studies confirm that the musical memory is relatively preserved in dementia patients [31-33] and that the semantic and procedural memories seem to be more preserved than the episodic one [34-35]. it can
Serum Prolactin Level to Tumor Size Ratio as a Potential Parameter for Preoperative Differentiation of Prolactinomas from Non-Functional Pituitary Adenomas

INTRODUCTIONPreoperative diagnosis of prolactinomas is critical because dopamine agonists have been regarded as a primary treatment modality. However, serum prolactin level alone is suboptimal for differentiating between prolactinomas and hyperprolactinemia-causing non-functioning pituitary adenomas (NFPAs). The authors investigated more effective parameter for differentiating prolactinomas and NFPAs by using the adenoma size. METHODS We performed a retrospective review of patients who underwent trans-sphenoidal surgery for pituitary lesions in a single institute between January 2015 and May 2021. Using the receiver operating curve (ROC) analyses, we compared performances of serum prolactin levels (PRL), a ratio of serum PRL levels to maximal tumor diameter (MD) (PRL/MD; PDR1), and MD squared (PRL/(MD)2; PDR2) in preoperative diagnosis of prolactinomas. RESULTS 223 patients with NFPAs (n=175) and prolactinomas (n=48) were included in the analysis. The prolactinoma group showed higher serum prolactin (258.6 ㎍/L) and smaller MD (16.6 mm) than those in the NFPA group (44.4 ㎍/L and 23.9 mm; both p-values < 0.001). Among diagnostic parameters, PDR2 exhibited the optimal diagnostic performance with the cutoff value of 0.83 [㎍/L]/mm2 (area under the curve [AUC] = 0.945), compared to the PDR1 (8.93 [㎍/L]/mm with AUC 0.938) and PRL (99.4 ㎍/L with AUC 0.910). PDR2 still maintained superior performance in the validation study than PDR1 and PRL (Accuracy of 94.8%, 91.8%, and 75.8%, respectively). CONCLUSIONS PDR2 provided the best performance of three parameters in preoperative discrimination of prolactinomas from NFPAs with hyperprolactinemia, and could contribute to select patients who benefit from medical treatment primarily.
UVA and UVB light emitting diodes with AlyGa1−yN quantum dot active regions covering the 305–335 nm range

Ultra-violet (UV) light emitting diodes (LEDs) using III-N quantum dot (QD) active regions have been fabricated by molecular beam epitaxy on (0001)-oriented sapphire substrates. By using the epitaxial compressive stress between the QD material and the template/barrier layers, leading to a 2D–3D growth mode transition, self-assembled AlyGa1−yN QDs with a nominal Al composition of 10% and 20% have been fabricated on Al0.6Ga0. 4N. Atomic force microscopy and transmission electron microscopy measurements show high QD densities, ranging between 2 × 1011–5 × 1011 cm−2, and height and diameter distributions between 1.5–3 nm and 5–20 nm. LED structures including two different AlyGa1−yN/Al0.6Ga0. 4N (0001) QD active regions have then been fabricated and processed using a standard planar geometry and squared mesa structures. Current–voltage characteristics and electroluminescence (EL) measurements have been performed at room temperature. In particular, the EL properties are investigated in terms of spectral range and wavelength shift as a function of the injection current density. Typically, an emission between 325 and 335 nm is obtained for Al0.1Ga0. 9N QDs and between 305 and 320 nm for Al0.2Ga0. 8N QDs. The LED characteristics (EL wavelength and broadening) are then correlated to the QD structural properties and the results, supported by calculations, show the main influence of the QD height dispersion and composition fluctuations. Finally, the light output intensity variation as a function of the injection current density has also been investigated and is discussed in terms of injection and recombination mechanisms in the devices.
The Effect of Linearization of Hoek-Brown Criterion on the Bearing Capacity of Rock Masses using the Upper Bound Method of Limit Analysis

One of the most important issues in calculation of the bearing capacity of rock masses is the method of application of rock mass failure criterion. The Hoek-Brown failure criterion is the most useful criterion in practical applications. For applying this criterion in upper bound method of limit analysis, one should linearize it using the single or multi tangential technique. In this paper, the method of linearization of the Hoek-Brown criterion is investigated for determining the bearing capacity of embedded footings on rock masses. Since different stress levels are existed in the rock mass body, the multi-tangential technique results in the best approximation of the nonlinear Hoek-Brown criterion. As a novelty for the current research, the embedment depth of the footing is considered directly in the upper bound formulations instead of replacing it by an equivalent surcharge. The obtained results show that considering the embedment depth of footings along with using the multi-tangential technique result in increasing the accuracy of the results. In the methods which consider the embedment depth as an equivalent surcharge, the extension of the failure lines through the rock mass above the footing base cannot be considered.
The Role of Sports Sponsorship in Improving Brand Equity A Study on the Saudi Fans in Riyadh. KSA

The study aims at diagnosing the impact of the sports sponsorship on the brand equity in the minds of Saudi sports audience as well as determining the statistical differences in using the sports sponsorship and brand equity according to some organizational and demographical variables. The research population consists of two sub-populations which are the sports journalists and the Saudi sports audience in the city of Riyadh. The purposive sampling method is used and the calculated samples size is 40 of Saudi sports journalists and 387 persons of the sports audience. The study concludes that sport sponsorship has a positive significant effect on brand equity in the minds of the Saudi sports audience. The study finds that there are no statistical differences in using the sports sponsorship while such differences in brand equity are proved according to age. Finally, the study suggests a set of recommendations and implications that enhance the sport sponsorship in the Saudi market.
Size-specific variation in the rate of oxygen consumption, ammonia excretion, and O: N ratio of freshwater bivalve lamellicorns marginalis during the season of monsoon

Malacology means the study of molluscan animals and also conchology means the study of molluscan shell. Body mass is one of the best known and most studied characteristics of aquatic animals on scaling of metabolic rates. We studied here how size specific variation in the rate of oxygen consumption, ammonia excretion and O: N ratio in Freshwater Bivalve Mollusc Lamellidens marginalis species in an attempt to know how size specific variation affects their metabolism. The freshwater bivalve molluscs were chosen for experimental work from Bhima River at Siddhatek on August and September for the period of monsoon season with body size i.e. small (75-79 mm in shell-length) and large (90-93 mm in shell-length). In current work reported that the rate of oxygen consumption and O: N ratio was high in the small body sized bivalve mollusc but rate of ammonia excretion was low in small body sized bivalves compared to large ones. The results are discussed in the flush of metabolic processes in fresh-water bivalve molluscs.
Women’s Employment and Natural Shocks

IZA DP No. 14055 JANUARY 2021 Women’s Employment and Natural Shocks* We employ georeferenced data and longitudinal household panel survey data to investigate the impact of the dramatic flooding that hit Bangladesh from August-September 2014 on women’s employment and empowerment. Development economics models suggest an increase in household members’ labour supply as a shock-coping strategy. Our differencein-differences estimates confirm this assumption: women’s employment probability increases by approximately 13 percentage points. Correcting for selection bias due to the initial employment status of women, we also find significant increases in the probability of non-employed women entering employment, in the average monthly income of employed women and in the probability of women engaging in autonomous wage-earning activities. Finally, we show that the greater earning capacity of employed women—instrumented by the intensity of flooding in the villages where women live—contributes to raising their bargaining power within the household as measured by the Women’s Empowerment in Agriculture Index and by economic decision-making indicators. JEL Classification: F66, J16, Q12, Q54
A Comparative Study of Various Eye Design of Conventional Leaf Spring Using CAE Tools

The objective of the present study is to study a symmetrical multi-leaf conventional leaf spring with five different eye end designs. The eye ends design considered are standard or upturned eye, downturned eye, berlin eye and military eye. The material used for spring and eye is 65Si7/SUP7. All the CAD models are generated in the SOLIDWORKS and imported to ANSYS for analysis. The similar loading condition have been applied to all the models. The Von-Mises stress and deflection of all models have been studied and compared. The Von-Mises stresses are found to be least in standard eye design and deflection is minimum for miiltary eye.
A THEORETICAL EXPLANATION OF HABITUS SHIFTING IN HOSPITALS USING LANGUAGE AND SYMBOLIC POWER OF ACCOUNTING

This study aims to uncover the language and symbolic power of accounting in the habitus, field and capital of the hospital industry. This study undertakes a qualitative research approach from the critical paradigm perspective. The data used in this study are gathered from annual reports published in the year 2018 from five hospitals that trade in the Indonesia Stock Exchange (ISE). The data analysis technique used is content analysis. The results indicate that accounting symbolic power lies in the concepts of habitus, field, and capital. For the concept of habitus in hospitals for profit, the adoption of the Financial Accounting Standards (FAS) is internalized into their practices and become a medium of communication between hospital issuers and their stakeholders. The concept of field accounting is a fundamental performance construction tool on the Indonesia Stock Exchange, where the issuers compete for financial performance. In the concept of capital, financial capital is the primary language in the report of financial position, especially equity. Capital from this accounting language can finally be converted into political capital in hospital expansion and acquisition by hospital issuers. The concept of capital is also converted into social capital in corporate social responsibility (CSR) activities performed by the hospital issuers to gain legitimacy for their sustainability. The symbolic power of accounting is found to be natural, structured and dominant. Accounting seems to belong to practices that are taken for granted in the hospital industry. The Hospital issuers' compliance and trust towards all regulations in the ISE are symbolized as Doxa and Illusion. Accounting as a medium of dominance in the hospital industry.
THE EFFECT OF FARMERS CHARACTERISTICS AND FIELD EXTENSION OFFICERS ON FARMERS SATISFACTION IN EAST JAVA

Purpose: This research will discuss farmer satisfaction determinants, which include the farmers' nation culture, financial rewards of field extension officers, and the role of the field extension officers' leader Design/Method: This research was conducted in East Java since it plays a role in the majority of Indonesia's rice production. The total sample was 155 sub-districts, where every subdistrict send one farmer and one field extension officer as the respondents. Data analysis was performed in two ways, namely (1) descriptive analysis and (2) Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) analysis. Finding: Farmer satisfaction can be improved by increasing the famer nation culture and the role of the field extension officers' leader. Also, the courage of field extension officer independently is known to affect satisfaction directly. Originality: This study will be using farmers' nation culture, financial rewards of field extension officers, and the role of the field extension officers' leader as determinant of farmer satisfaction.
تاثیر مصاحبه انگیزشی بر قصد انجام فعالیت بدنی در زنان چاق یا دارای اضافه وزن با استفاده از تئوری انگیزش محافظت: کارآزمایی بالینی تصادفیشده

Article Type Original Research Authors Mirkarimi S.K. 1 PhD, Charkazi A.2 PhD, Honarvar M.R.1 MSc, Kabir M.J.1 PhD, Berdi Ozouni-Davaji R.1 MSc, Aryaie M. * MSc, Eri M.1 MSc How to cite this article Mirkarimi S.K, Charkazi A, Honarvar M.R, Kabir M.J, Berdi Ozouni-Davaji R, Aryaie M, Eri M. Effect of Motivational Interviewing on Physical Activity Intention among Obese and Overweight Women Using Protection Motivation Theory: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Quarterly of the Horizon of Medical Sciences. 2016;22(4):321-327. Copyright© 2016 ASP Ins. This open-access article is published under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License which permits Share (copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format) and Adapt (remix, transform, and build upon the material) under the Attribution-NonCommercial terms. /0 ' /+ 0 1+ ( 2/3 ) ! " # $ % ! " # &! ' : ( ) * ! +, -" . /0 " 1 -
Corporate Taxes and Firms’ Operating Cost Behavior

Using a panel of European private firms, we show that corporate taxes amplify the responsiveness of operating costs to sales, consistent with conforming tax planning in the operational business (operational tax planning). We also find evidence of a tax-driven cost stickiness: The tax-induced change in operating cost is stronger for increases in sales than for decreases in sales. Further, we show that operational tax planning varies in the cross-section: Firms with losses, firms with access to nonconforming tax planning, or firms with the ability to pass on taxes to stakeholders engage less in operational tax planning, making their costs less sticky. Altogether, our results suggest that taxes can affect reported pre-tax cost behavior.
Looking for a Star: Evaluating the Effect of the Cohesion Policy on Regional Well-Being

IZA DP No. 14521 JUNE 2021 Looking for a Star: Evaluating the Effect of the Cohesion Policy on Regional Well-Being This paper presents new evidence on the last concluded wave (2007-2013) of the EU cohesion policy. We depart from the broadly used GDP-growth approach and evaluate the impact of EU Structural Funds (SFs) on a battery of regional well-being indicators including economic, educational, health, and demographic outcomes. We exploit the SFs assignment rule to construct a fuzzy RDD. Our results reveal an overall null effect of the policy. We further identify how regional (i) quality of government (ii) human capital and (iii) urbanization impact the policy’s effectiveness. We conclude that these characteristics affect the relationship between SFs and economic outcomes only. JEL Classification: C21, H51, H52, I31, R11