Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Dynamic interhemispheric coordination in face processing

Our conscious experience of the world is normally unified. The brain coordinates different processes from the left and right hemispheres into one experience. However, the neural mechanisms underlying interhemispheric coordination remain poorly understood. A mechanistic approach to understanding interhemispheric coordination is “communication through coherence” (Fries, 2005; 2015). Using a recently developed time-resolved psychophysics (Fiebelkorn, Saalmann, & Kastner, 2013; Landau & Fries, 2012; Song, Meng, Chen, Zhou, & Luo, 2014), combined with fMRI decoding method, we investigated the interhemispheric coordination through coherence, by focusing on a quintessential case of hemispheric lateralized brain function: face processing in the left and right fusiform face area (FFA). We observed coherent oscillatory fMRI multi-voxel patterns in the left and right FFA when two stimuli presented successively cross visual fields, either initiating coordination from the left hemisphere or right hemisphere. When interhemispheric coordination started from the dominant right hemisphere, a coherent 44° phase difference between the left and right FFA in 3-4 Hz was observed; whereas when interhemispheric coordination started from the non-dominant left hemisphere, a coherent −17° phase difference between the left and right FFA in 5.5-6.5 Hz was observed. These results suggest that different phase coherence might mediate the interhemispheric coordination of face perception, depending on whether the initiating hemisphere is dominant or non-dominant. Our findings provide compelling fMRI evidence for interhemispheric coordination through coherence. The time-resolved fMRI decoding approach would be a useful starting point for a more promising approach for future investigation in interhemispheric dynamic coordination with fine-grained spatial and temporal resolution.
Genomic prediction for yields, processing and nutritional quality traits in cultivated potato (Solanum tuberosum L.)

Current potato breeding approaches are hampered by several factors including costly seed tubers, tetrasomic inheritance and inbreeding depression. Genomic selection (GS) demonstrated interesting results regardless of the ploidy level, and can be harnessed to circumvent these problems. In this work, three GS models were evaluated using 50,107 informative SilicoDArT markers and 11 traits in two values for cultivation and use (VCU) potato trials. Two key breeding problems modelled included predicting the performance of (i) new and unphenotyped clones (cross-validation) and (ii) a VCU using another as training set (TS). GS models performed comparably. Cross-validation accuracy was high for D35, D45, DMW and BVAL, in ascending order. Prediction accuracies of the VCUs were highly correlated, but the best prediction was obtained for the smaller VCU using the bigger as TS. Cross-validation and VCU prediction accuracies were higher when bigger TSs were used. The findings herein indicate that GS can be attractively integrated in potato breeding, particularly in early clonal generations to predict and select for traits with low heritability which would otherwise require more testing years, environments and resources.
Health quality of seed potato and yield losses in Ecuador

Low potato productivity in Ecuador is partly attributed to the use of low quality seed tubers. However, seed health quality in Ecuador, and its interaction with altitude and yield has been poorly investigated. We surveyed 11 farmers’ fields in Ecuador in 2010 to determine incidence and severity of pathogens and pests affecting foliage and seed tubers, and to determine the influence of altitude and seed sources over seed health quality (pathogen and pest diversity in/on the seed tuber). Additionally, a field experiment was planted in CIP-Quito using assessed seed tubers collected from surveyed farmers’ fields, during 2010 and 2011, to determine yield responses to seed health quality. Results show that foliage was mainly affected by late blight and flea beetle damages while seed tubers were predominantly affected by black scurf, andean weevil damages, potato virus S and potato virus X. We found that seed health quality was similar among farmers’ seed sources, and detected that increase in altitude decreased seed-borne virus diversity. Only seed-borne pathogens and presence of mechanical damages were found to explain yield variation. Seed-borne pathogens affecting yield variation were black scurf on seed tubers, potato virus S, and potato yellow vein virus. However, these factors changed when regressions were performed per seed source or variety. The yield responses to seed health quality of each variety should be considered to fine-tune integrated pest management strategies.
Interaction with the Homologous F Protein Prevent Fusion but Do Not Block the Protein along the Stalk of the Nipah Virus G Individual N-Glycans Added at Intervals

The promotion of membrane fusion by most paramyxoviruses requires an interaction between the viral attachment and fusion (F) proteins to enable receptor binding by the former to trigger the activation of the latter for fusion. Numerous studies demonstrate that the F-interactive sites on the Newcastle disease virus (NDV) hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) and measles virus (MV) hemagglutinin (H) proteins reside entirely within the stalk regions of those proteins. Indeed, stalk residues of NDV HN and MV H that likely mediate the F interaction have been identiﬁed. However, despite extensive efforts, the F-interactive site(s) on the Nipah virus (NiV) G attachment glycoprotein has not been identiﬁed. In this study, we have introduced individual N-linked glycosylation sites at several positions spaced at intervals along the stalk of the NiV G protein. Five of the seven introduced sites are utilized as established by a retardation of electrophoretic mobility. Despite surface expression, ephrinB2 binding, and oligomerization comparable to those of the wild-type protein, four of the ﬁve added N-glycans completely eliminate the ability of the G protein to complement the homologous F protein in the promotion of fusion. The
Growth and reproduction of a non-native fish species Carassius gibelio (Bloch, 1782) from Büyükçekmece Lake (İstanbul, Turkey)

Buyukcekmece Lake is a lagoon lake located at the mouth of Karasu Stream, which drains into the Sea of Marmara. The sea connection of the lagoon was blocked by the Buyukcekmece Dam in 1985 so the lagoon became a freshwater lake over time. Non–native Carassius gibelio (Bloch 1782) was introduced to the lake by a fisherman in early 1990s. By the time, it has become one of the most dominant fish species in the lake despite predators like Esox lucius , Linneaeus 1758, Silurus glanis Linnaeus, 1758 and also other cyprinids such as Cyprinus carpio , Linneaeus 1758, Scardinius erythrophthalmus (Linneaeus 1758) which have similar feeding regime. The aim of the current study was to study the growth and reproduction characteristics of gibel carp living in the lake. Field surveys were carried out monthly between March 2009 and April 2010. Fork length and body weight were determined between 4.4–31.4 cm and 1.44–774.4 g, respectively. The female:male ratio of total 487 gibel carp specimens was estimated as 20.1:1.0. The age composition of the population ranged from age class I to XI. The length–weight relationships, condition factor and von Bertalanffy growth parameters were estimated for all individuals as W =0.0154 FL 3.134 , K=2.26 (SE=0.02) and L t =33.97[1–e -0.198(t+0.162) ], respectively. Length at first maturity was calculated as 13.23 cm FL for females. Mean absolute fecundity in a mature female was 46,628 eggs (SE = 3,880), ranging from 5,266 eggs (16.7 cm FL) to 78,416 eggs (25.3 cm FL). The relationships between fecundity and fish size (fork length and weight) were calculated by regression analysis and the fecundity increased exponentially with the fish length and weight.
Genetic assessment of the dairy cattle Mambi de Cuba

Records, between 1980 and 2006, of dairy females of the Mambi de Cuba breed (3/4 Holstein 1/4 Zebu), from four cattle rearing units were used to estimate the parameters and genetic tendencies of the growth traits up to reproduction (17 434 heifers), milk yield (50 420 lactations of 20 687 cows), reproduction (16 526 reproductive events of 5 881 cows), longevity (11 338 cows), survival and permanence (12 865 cows). A univariate animal model was used for estimating heritability, repeatability and breeding values, including the year-four month period-herd combination and the calving year as linear and quadratic co-variable as fixed effects, and the permanent environment and error as random effects. The heritabilities had values from moderate to low, with higher estimates for the weight per incorporation age (WIA) (0.20), calving interval (CI) (0.06), milk yield up to 244 d (M244) and 305 d (M305) (0.15), fat percentage (FP) (0.19), calving number (CN) (0.06) and 18 months of productive life (S18) (0.05). The highest repeatability estimate was for M244 y M305, with 0.42. The genetic tendencies for WIA, CI, M305, productive life (PL) and P36 were of 0.02 ± 0.01 g/d/year, -1.53 ± 0.16 d/year, -2.52 ± 1.10 kg/year, 0.05 ± 0.03 months/year and 0.0004 ± 0.0002 months/year, respectively. It was concluded that there was no change in the population means because the genetic tendencies had low values (between 0.001 and 0.31 % of the mean), due to the instability of the progeny tests and to the little female selection.
Viral molecular and pathological investigations of Canid herpesvirus 1 infection associated respiratory disease and acute death in dogs

Abstract Canid herpesvirus 1 (CaHV-1) is a member of the canine infectious respiratory disease complex (CIRDC). The outcome of CaHV-1 infection can be occasionally fatal. So far, no information on CaHV-1 circulation in Thailand has been reported resulting in a lack of preventive strategies. In this study, nasal (NS) and oropharyngeal (OS) swabs were collected from 100 live dogs with respiratory distress. Among them, 23 pleural effusions were aspirated. A panel of CIRDC-associated viruses was screened by (RT)-PCR, including CaHV-1, CIV, CPIV, CDV, CRCoV and CAdV-2, for all collected samples. The CaHV-1 was detected in 32 dogs. Additionally, CaHV-1 was consistently detected in six pleural effusions. Most CaHV-1 infected dogs were over 5 years of age (43.8%) and expressed a mild nasal discharge. Pathological results of four three-month-old puppies, naturally moribund from respiratory disease, revealed a severe multifocal necrotic-hemorrhagic disease in several organs without pathognomonic inclusion bodies. They were only found to be CaHV-1 positive by PCR. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated concordant results of CaHV-1 circulation in Thailand. Although mostly found as a co-infection with other CIRDC viruses (68.8%) it also occurred alone. Therefore, rapid ante-mortem diagnosis might facilitate the investigation of unclassical CaHV-1 infection, which is fatal in neonates and causes illness in annually core-vaccinated adults.
THE EFFECTS OF ILLUMINATION ON THE EARLY DEVELOPMENT OF TAILED AND TAILLESS AMPHIBIANS

The objective of this work consists in valuing the carob pods (very rich in sugars and in nourishing elements) as being a medium of culture for growth of Lactobacillus bulgaricus and comparison this natural syrup with MRS medium for lactic acid production curve. By its biochemical composition, the carob syrup is very rich in carbohydrates 16 g/L, protein 0.25 %, ash 0.8 % including potassium (110 mg/100 mL of MF), sodium (80) and calcium (150). Kinetics study of growth of Lactobacillus bulgaricus in MRS and carob pods syrup showed that high biomass and lactic acid were obtained in the end of carob fermentations respectively (5.51 and 13.8) compared to MRS fermentation (4.57 and 10.9). This study clearly showed that carob pods have potential to be used as feedstock for lactic acid production by Lactobacillus bulgaricus using batch culture. Keyword: Abiotic Factor; Common Frog; Common Newt; Crested Newt; Development; Larvae; Moor Frog; Mortality.
A morphological and histological investigation of the regeneration in Myxicola infundibulum (Montagu, 1808) (Sabellida, Annelida)

Anterior regeneration of the annelid polychaete, Myxicola infundibulum (Montagu, 1808) is described from histological and SEM perspectives. This article provides additional evidence that anterior and posterior regeneration of isolated worm pieces does occur in this species, but that regenerative ability is restricted to abdominal pieces obtained from small individuals (less than 5 mm in thorax diameter and 10–20 mm in length). New cartilage tissue forms within the regenerating crown, but thoracic regeneration is limited to three segments. Anterior and posterior regeneration occurred within isolated pieces excised from the abdomen, resulting in the formation of 13 clones, with up to five individuals per clone.
Polytomies, signal and noise: revisiting the mitochondrial phylogeny and phylogeography of the Eurasian blindsnake species complex (Typhlopidae, Squamata)

Polytomies are multifurcating nodes on a phylogenetic tree that represent unresolved relationships. Contrary to ‘hard’ polytomies that hide simultaneous splitting events, ‘soft’ polytomies can theoretically be resolved with the addition of phylogenetic signal. This is not always successful, especially when a radiation is old and rapid, because adding more signal will inevitably increase the noise. The Xerotyphlops vermicularis species complex is an example of a largely unresolved old and rapid radiation. This mtDNA phylogeny is revisited by analysing samples representative of all lineages and generating a 3700‐bp final data set, after preliminary tests found two of the analysed markers responsible for long‐branch attraction. The new enhanced data set increased phylogenetic resolution, resulting in a robust time‐calibrated phylogeny and phylogeographic conclusions. Jordan/south Syria populations separated during the Middle Miocene, and the Messinian salinity crisis (MSC) appears responsible for the second diversification wave. A third radiation occurred during the Early Pliocene, resulting in four mtDNA groups west, east and south of the Amanos mountains in east Turkey/north Syria. Finally, three hypotheses regarding the number of potential ‘species’ within the complex are made, with the most moderate ‘four species’ hypothesis fitting very well with the diversity patterns and established systematics of east Mediterranean reptiles.
Vasoactive mediators underlying coronary tone regulation and dysregulation

ii Acknowledgements.v List of Figures.xi List of Abbreviations.xiii Preface.1 Figure P.1. Schematic of signaling cascade that leads to vasodilation of the coronary artery.3 Chapter 1: Measuring vascular function in vivo using ultrasound in mouse and rat models 1.1: Measuring coronary vasodilatory function 1.1.
Cross-compati bility Among Six Improved Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) Varieties

Crosses are very vital in the development of populations for breeding purposes and the ease with which a parent can cross with other clones is very important in enhancing successful generation of progeny in a breeding programme. Sexual propagation is a promising technique in cassava breeding programmes due to its manifold advantages such as enhanced multiplication rate, longer seed viability, ease of storage and transportation . Another advantage is the high genetic heterogeneity, leading to variation among seedlings which provides the breeder opportunity to select materials with good qualities of the traits of interest. However, one of the major problems militating against breeding of cassava is the difficulty in producing recombinant seeds due to the associated limitations such as inbreeding depression, high abortion rate, low seed germinability and long breeding cycle of the crop. The objective of this study was to assess crossability among six cassava varieties in terms of seed set capability and germinability of the hybrid seeds. Nine hybrid populations were developed using three female and three male parents in a non-reciprocal cross and the resultant seeds were sown in the nursery. Seed set and germinability were recorded. The results showed that seed set and germinability were influenced by the genotypes used as parents. The percentage seed set ranged between 19.9 and 35.5 and the cross, TMS 98/0505 x NR 8083 with highest percentage seed set was about 178% better than the cross, TMS 97/2205 x TMS 30572 with the least percentage seed set. There was variation in compatibility between each female parent and the male parent. Germinability of seeds among the nine crosses ranged between 25.74 and 51.30% indicating that a broad base of variation existed in crossability among the cassava varieties. It is therefore suggested that varieties with high crossability having good qualities of breeder's trait(s) of interest should be used in cassava breeding programmes to enable breeders to generate large populations within a short period.
Potential Benefits from the Utilization of Leucaena leucocephala in Thai Swamp Buffaloes Production

This paper aims to comply four studies of using Leucaena leucocephala as feed supplement on Thai swamp buffaloes. These studies were conducted by the Research and Development Center for Livestock Production Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Thailand. Leucaena is interesting forage which needs further study to investigate which technology is suitable to use it as a feed for swamp buffaloes. In this review, leaves of leucaena were used as a main feed ingredient in dietary supplement. The rain tree pods (RTP) dietary supplement containing high sugar enhanced microbial supply to the small intestine. On other the hand, rain tree pod also can be used as an appetizing material for combination with leaves of leucaena, mulberry and cassia. The low fibre digestibility in dietary supplement containing leucaena may be due to tannins contents. Sodium hydroxide (NaOH) treatment and addition of polyethylene glycol (PEG) are ways to inactivate tannins contained in the leucaena. Toxicity of leucaena did not affect buffaloes, when appropriate proportion of leucaena to ruzi grass was fed. The mixed diet containing leucaena not more than 25% was the highest benefit for buffaloes as the mimosine+di-hydroxypyridine (DHP) in the urine was less 100 mg/kgBW 0.75 . The high proportions of RTPP (rain tree pod pellets) in leucaena increased purine derivatives (PDs) and mimosine + DHP in the urine, but none the different proportions of RTPP affects to purine derivatives/digestible organic matter (PDs/DOMI) ratios. Several studies demonstrated the approach to use leucaena as the alternative feed supplement, to enhance the quality of feeds in swamp buffaloes production improvement. The practical implication of this review, is that it would be benefit for the smallholder farmers to use leucaena for their livestock, because it is not only to improve quality of feeds and reduce cost of feed, but also higher biodiversity results in a higher N retention in soils and a lower methane releases in the atmosphere.
Kriteria planlet kelapa kopyor yang siap untuk diaklimatisasi [Criteria of kopyor coconut plantlets ready to be acclimatized]

Kopyor coconut is a special coconut grown in Indonesia. Nuts of kopyor can not be used as a source of planting material due to its endosperm damage; therefore in vitro embryo rescue technique is applied to propagate kopyor coconuts. Acclimatization is a critical stage during in vitro culture of kopyor coconut. Experiments were conducted to determine the effect of plantlet initial conditions prior to acclimatization on survival and growth in ex vitro conditions. Five replications of 50 plantlets of tall variety of kopyor coconut with different shoot and root conditions were used in the acclimatization process. The coconut plantlets were planted on plastic pots containing a mixture of soil, sand and dung manure, and then placed inside a closed plastic tunnel. The tunnel was opened gradually after 3 months and the plants were transferred to the nursery after 4.5 months. Survival frequency and growth (plant height, leaf number and shoot diameter) of the plantlets were observed after 6 months of acclimatization period. Research results show that the initial plantlet height and initial root length affected significantly the survival rate and growth of the plantlets of kopyor coconut during acclimatization. Other parameters of plantlet initial conditions such as leaf number, stem diameter, primary root number, and the existence of secondary roots did not influence the survival rate and growth of the plantlets. In order to obtain high survival rate (84.7%) and good growth of plantlets during acclimatization, the plantlet height must be at least 20 cm prior to acclimatization. Differences in root length on plantlets with the height of 20 cm or more, did not affect survival percentage of the vitroplants.
Ski areas affect Pacific marten movement, habitat use, and density

Alpine ski recreation is one of the most popular outdoor winter sports globally but often involves habitat modification and dense human activity, both of which can harm wildlife. We investigated the effects of ski area development and winter recreation activities on movement, occupancy, and density of Pacific martens (Martes caurina) in the Lake Tahoe region of California and Nevada, USA by comparing 3 ski and 3 control study areas. We systematically surveyed martens using live traps and hair snares during spring–summer and winter seasons from 2009 through 2011 to identify how martens responded to the year-round effects of habitat fragmentation from ski area development and the seasonal effects of winter recreation activities. Martens selectively moved between remnant forest patches with the shortest crossing distances across open, non-forested ski runs in both seasons, with the effect more pronounced in females. Overall, habitat connectivity was reduced by 41% in ski areas compared to habitat not fragmented by ski runs. During spring–summer, occupancy rates were not different between habitat within or outside of ski operations areas. During winter, however, occupancy was significantly lower inside (52%) ski area boundaries than outside (88%) them. Reduced detection probability in ski areas indicated martens also reduced the frequency of use of operations areas in winter. Using spatially explicit capture-recapture models, we found that marten density did not differ between ski areas and controls during spring, but during winter female density declined at ski areas by 63% compared to spring–summer and was 3 years old coupled with higher annual turnover rates suggests male densities at ski areas may be reliant on annual male immigration. In winter, martens avoided using habitat in ski operations areas when recreation activity was greatest. Winter ski recreation may not be incompatible with marten use of habitat in ski areas, but habitat fragmentation from ski areas affects marten movement and recreation activities affect seasonal habitat occupancy and female density. Maintaining functional habitat connectivity, via networks of short ski run crossings that link habitat in and out of ski areas, will be important for maintaining or improving marten use of remnant habitat in developed ski areas. © 2017 The Wildlife Society