Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Reproductive biology of the main fish species in lakes Taabo, Kossou and Faé (Côte d’Ivoire) with a view to rational fishing

This study was carried out in order to find out the sizes of first sexual maturity and the reproduction period of the main fish species ( Chrysichthys nigrodigitatus, Hemichromis fasciatus, Pelloluna leonensis, Oreochromis niloticus, Sarotherodon galilaeus, Sarotherodon melanotheron, Coptodon zillii, Coptodon zillii x Coptodon guineensis, Distichodus rostratus, Aucheglanis occidentalis, Hepsetus odoe, Parachanna obscura and Schilbe mandibularis ) targeted by the fishery in three lakes (Taabo, Kossou, Fae). The sizes at first maturity recorded in Lake Kossou are larger than those obtained in the other two lakes. However, the sizes at first capture (Lc 50 ) for all species in the three lakes are smaller than the sizes at first sexual maturity (L 50 ). Monthly monitoring of the gonadosomatic index (GSI) showed that breeding activities took place during two seasons (wet and dry). The breeding activity during the rainy season is longer than during the dry season. For a sustainable supply of fish, the fishery could be closed during the period when most fish spawn (rainy season).
Clinical Outcomes of Neoadjuvant Therapy in Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2 Breast Cancer Patients: A Single-Center Retrospective Study

(1) Background: Neoadjuvant therapy is widely used to treat locally advanced breast cancer. It has been recently shown that it can also improve the prognosis of patients during the early stages of breast cancer. In the past, advanced breast cancer with positive Human Epidermal growth factor Receptor 2 (HER2+) resulted in poor prognoses; however, outcomes have since changed after the introduction of HER2-targeting therapy. Achieving pathological Complete Response (pCR) is the most important aim, as it is a predictor of long-term outcomes in high-risk breast cancer subtypes. (2) Methods: We performed a retrospective review of all breast cancer patients who were treated with neoadjuvant therapy at Taichung Veterans General Hospital (VGHTC) between 2010 and 2018. A total of 147 HER2+ breast cancer patients who underwent neoadjuvant chemotherapy involving anthracycline and taxane-based regimens were enrolled. Within that population, 95 and 52 cases received single-blockade (Trastuzumab) and dual-blockade (Trastuzumab and Pertuzumab) neoadjuvant anti-HER2 therapy, respectively. (3) Results: The dual-blockade therapy group displayed a significantly higher pCR rate after surgery as compared to the single-blockade group (63.5% vs. 43.2%, p = 0.019). Advanced stage, larger tumor size, lymph node involvement and HER2 expression status were associated with the pCR rate. The 4-year OS was 85.2% and 100% in the single-blockage and dual-blockade therapy groups, respectively (p = 0.041). (4) Conclusion: Anthracycline, followed by taxane-based neoadjuvant chemotherapy combined with the dual HER2-blockade, had a higher pCR rate and better outcome when compared with the single HER2-blockade strategy in locally advanced HER2 breast cancer.
Hay Nutritional Quality and Grassland Bird Nesting: Impact of Delaying First Hay Cut on Dairy and Beef Production in Ontario

Perennial forage production exists in Ontario to support the livestock industry, but also provides nesting habitat for grassland birds such as the threatened Bobolink (Dolichonyx oryzivorus) and Eastern Meadowlark (Sturnella magna). Delaying hay harvest until July 15 or later allows most nestling birds to leave the nest, but the nutritional value of hay decreases substantially. This project estimated the nutritional and economic impact of delaying the first hay cut until after July 15 on beef and dairy production in Ontario, Canada. Forage crops were sampled across Ontario, analysis of nutritional value performed, and effects on production and economics modelled. 634 samples were collected over 13 weeks at 16 sites from May 21 to August 14 during 2014 and 2015. As expected, nutritional quality declined over the season. Crude protein decreased by 5.2%, total digestible nutrients by 7.7%, neutral detergent fibre digestibility (NDFd48) by 20.1%, while lignin increased by 3.5%, neutral detergent fibre by 13.1%, and acid detergent fibre by 9.9%. Estimated yearly milk production decreased 10.9 kg or C$7.87/dairy cow for each day of delay in harvest (2017 values). Estimated growth of backgrounding beef steers decreased 1.56 kg or C$5.49/head for each day of delay in harvest. This translated into lost revenue per acre for backgrounding steers of C$31 per acre and C$45 per acre for over wintering beef cows for a delay from mid-June to mid-July. Some agri-environmental incentives in Canada, US and Europe offset the reduced revenue due to lower quality forages. This analysis informs farmers about the cost of practices to benefit grassland birds and provides empirical data on how to structure stewardship incentives for these practices.
Comparative Yield and Photosynthetic Characteristics of Two Corn (Zea mays L.) Hybrids Differing in Maturity under Different Irrigation Treatments

Effective irrigation strategies are of great significance for improving crop yields. There is an increasing concern that short-season corn hybrids are gradually being encouraged to plant in the North China Plain (NCP) with the development of mechanized grain harvesting, but the photosynthetic characteristics and productivity of short-season hybrids are not well documented. The objective of the study was to investigate the effects of different irrigation treatments on photosynthetic characteristics, dry matter accumulation (DMA) and photo-assimilate translocation (PAT/PT), grain yield (GY) and water productivity (WP) of two corn hybrids differing in maturity. In the experiment plots under the rainout shelter facility, short-season hybrid Denghai518 (DH518) and medium- and full-season hybrid Denghai605 (DH605) were grown under three irrigation levels (severe water stress, T1; mild water stress, T2; and non-stress, T3) by two irrigation methods (flood irrigation, FI; surface drip irrigation, SDI) in 2020 and 2021. The results indicated that non-stomatal limitation (NSL) was the main factor leading to the reduction in photosynthesis during the reproductive stage. Severe water stress significantly decreased net photosynthetic rate (Pn) and chlorophyll soil-plant analysis development (SPAD) value, resulting in lower DMA and GY. The contribution rate of vegetative organ photosynthate before flowering (CRP) decreased with the irrigation levels increasing. DMA, GY and WP of SDI increased by 16.23%, 21.49% and 51.31%, respectively, compared to FI. The yields of DH518 were 7.22% lower than those of DH605. The WP penalty for DH605 was attributed to a relatively larger ET. It suggested that applying the optimum irrigation level (T3) under SDI could increase DMA, GY and WP of summer corn in the NCP.
E.M. induction studies in a region of active crustal dislocation

During a six month period in 1984 synchronous Electromagnetic data were recorded from a 5 site MT array located near the town of Izmit, western Turkey. The array was located over an active earthquake swarm which forms part of the active North Anatolian Fault (NAF). The recordings covered a band width of 10 to 10000 seconds. Both Single Site (SS) and Remote Reference (RR) processing techniques were employed to produce impedance tensors for MT, Vertical and Horizontal fields. Results for consecutive 5 day groups provide maximum resolution for the time dependency study, while 30 day groups provide high resolution sounding curves that are used in the construction of a geoelectric model for the area. Interpretation of the MT sounding curves indicates that induction is controlled by a thin sheet mechanism which gives rise to static shifts in all the MT curves. Regional geoelectic strikes correlate well with the azimuths of regional stress (ESE-WNW). A 1-dimensional (1-D) geoeletric model was derived based on the MT phase curves of sites 222 and 333. The first layer, 10 to 14 km thick with a resistivitçof 60 to 100 ohm.m, correlates well with the brittle fracture seismogenic zone of the upper crust in this region. This zone overlies a more resistive layer of 800 to 1000 ohm.m. Time dependency results highlight the need to adopt robust methods for data collection and processing. Within the limits of data resolution and because of low level seismic activity, no precursory changes in the electromagnetic transfer functions were observed. Horizontal field transfer functions provided the most consistent and accurately resolved results.
Gender-Based Differences in Trunk and Shoulder Biomechanical Changes Caused by Prolonged Repetitive Symmetrical Lifting

OCCUPATIONAL APPLICATIONS This study indicates that males and females altered their lifting technique equivalently over time, as they fatigued. Time-dependent changes in lifting mechanics were dependent on the phase of the lifting task. At the initiation of the lift from the floor, participants adapted to increasing trunk fatigue by altering their lower body movements to help maintain a more upright trunk posture. When placing the load on the chest height shelf, participants seemed to adapt to growing upper extremity fatigue by holding the load closer to the body, using more elbow flexion, and less upper arm extension. As a result of this adaptation, participants began to use more forward lean. Therefore, as participants fatigued, they seemed to sacrifice balance (more leaning) in order to preserve muscular capability, which was diminishing with fatigue. This suggests that fatigued lifters may not only be at an increased risk of suffering from an overexertion injury, but they may also be more likely to suffer a slip or fall. TECHNICAL ABSTRACT Background: People working in repetitive manual materials handling jobs are at an increased risk of developing spine and shoulder injuries. To address this concern, it is important to understand how different factors, such as gender, can affect the loading on the body when performing high risk repetitive lifting tasks. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine if males and females altered their lifting mechanics in similar ways when exposed to a prolonged fatiguing bout of lifting. Method: Thirty-one participants (n = 15 female) performed a repetitive lifting task for 75 minutes. Isometric shoulder and trunk strength were measured pre- and post-lifting, while upper body kinematics were recorded throughout. Results: Exposure time had a similar effect on lifting kinematics for males and females. At the lift origin, participants transitioned over time toward a posture that had a mean (SD) of 7.2° (2.6°) less torso flexion. At the lift destination, participants transitioned toward a posture with 5.9° (1.7°) less shoulder flexion and 10.1° (2.3°) more elbow flexion. Such changes were consistent with a goal of trying to bring the load closer to the torso. Additionally, isometric strength decreased following the 75-minute lifting protocol by 7.9 (1.2) Nm and 52.4 (10.9) Nm at the shoulder and trunk, respectively. Conclusions: Both males and females adapted their kinematics similarly over time, during repetitive lifting. This study suggests that kinematic adaptions may be driven by participants' consideration of the changing relative demands on their body (e.g., increasing fatigue). The presence of kinematic adaptions, in both males and females, invites the opportunity to consider movement analysis methods as a screening tool for detecting fatigue in the workplace. The ability to recognize and address fatigue earlier may help ergonomists in reducing overexertion-based work related injuries.
Relationship between Related Party Transactions and the Social Contribution Activities of South Korean Chaebol Companies

Corporate social responsibility (CSR) encompasses activities through which a firm ultimately achieves sustainable management by improving the society and environment. Contrary to the general perception that CSR activities can improve only the enterprise value (EV), they can also be strategically deployed based on agency problems (situational factors). Specifically, by focusing on the nature of related party transactions that exhibit high tendencies to introduce agency problems, this study analyzes whether South Korean firms that engage in such transactions perform CSR activities more actively than those that do not. The empirical analysis reveals that firms that engage in related party transactions exhibit increased CSR activity scores, indicating that managers are more likely to deploy CSR activities as a tool for managing their image and concealing or embellishing illicit corporate transactions. Hence, CSR activities undertaken at the expense of shareholders may be opportunistically exploited as a tool for positively embellishing a firm’s image. However, it is observed that chaebol companies do not strategically exploit CSR activities, despite being engaged in related party transactions. Thus, chaebol companies that are registered with a large business group and under the supervision system of the government are unlikely to opportunistically exploit CSR activities.
Feature discrimination and diversification for image emotion recognition

Abstract. Emotion is strongly subjective, and different parts of the image may have a different degree of impact on emotion. The key for solving image emotion recognition is to effectively mine different discriminative local regions. We present a deep architecture to guide the network to extract discriminative and diverse affective semantic information. First, training a full convolutional network with a cross-channel max pooling strategy (CCMP) to extract discriminative feature maps. Second, to ensure that most of the discriminative sentiment regions are located accurately, we add a module consisting of the convolution layer and the CCMP. After obtaining the discriminative regions of the first module, the feature elements corresponding to the discriminant regions are erased, and then the erased features are fed into the second module. Such adversarial erasure operation can force the network to discover different sentiment discriminative regions. Third, an adaptive feature fusion mechanism is proposed to better integrate discriminative and diverse sentiment representations. Sufficient experiments are conducted on the benchmark datasets FI, EmotionROI, Instagram, and Twitter1 to achieve 72.17%, 61.13%, 81.97%, and 85.44% recognition accuracies, respectively. The results of the experiment demonstrate that the proposed network outperforms the state-of-the-art results.
Overview on recent findings of nutritional and non-nutritional factors affecting egg yolk pigmentation

SUMMARY The colour of the egg yolk is one of the most important sensory characteristics among consumers and is often perceived as a health and quality component of the product. Carotenoids found in hen diet are the main components contributing to the yolk pigmentation, and therefore, nutrition is a major factor influencing the yolk quality and colour. The ratio of yellow and red carotenoid pigments is of great importance in achieving the desired yolk colour. The difficulties associated with the optimum carotenoid concentration in the diet arise from the considerable variation in amounts in feeds and bioavailability from the sources used, synthetic or phytochemical. In addition, the carotenoid content in phytochemical sources is not always constant, and it is necessary to consider their interaction with other components in the diet, as well as denaturation during processing or loss during prolonged storage. Laying hens are unable to synthesise carotenoids de novo and depend on their supply through the diet. For this reason, pigmentation can decrease due to reduced diet intake, which a number of factors can influence. The housing system affects yolk pigmentation due to differences in applied nutritional management. In addition, reduced diet intake, carotenoid utilisation for health defence and reduced absorption occurs in response to stress conditions and various diseases. The objective of this review was to summarise the recent findings in available literature data on nutritional and non-nutritional factors affecting egg yolk pigmentation.
Long Range Raman-Amplified Distributed Acoustic Sensor Based on Spontaneous Brillouin Scattering for Large Strain Sensing

A Brillouin distributed acoustic sensor (DAS) based on optical time-domain refractometry exhibiting a maximum detectible strain of 8.7 mε and a low signal fading is developed. Strain waves with frequencies of up to 120 Hz are measured with an accuracy of 12 με at a sampling rate of 1.2 kHz and a spatial resolution of 4 m over a sensing range of 8.5 km. The sensing range is further extended by using a modified inline Raman amplifier configuration. Using 80 ns Raman pump pulses, the signal-to-noise ratio is improved by 3.5 dB, while the accuracy of the measurement is enhanced by a factor of 2.5 to 62 με at the far-end of a 20 km fiber.
Application of Distributed Fibre Optical Sensing in Reinforced Concrete Elements Subjected to Monotonic and Cyclic Loading

Distributed fibre optical sensing (DFOS) is increasingly used in civil engineering research. For reinforced concrete structures, almost continuous information concerning the deformations of embedded reinforcing bars can be obtained. This information enables the validation of basic and conventional assumptions in the design and modelling of reinforced concrete, particularly regarding the interaction of concrete and reinforcing bars. However, this relatively new technology conceals some difficulties, which may lead to erroneous interpretations. This paper (i) discusses the selection of sensing fibres for reinforced concrete instrumentation, accounting for strain gradients and local anomalies caused by stress concentrations due to the reinforcing bar ribs; (ii) describes suitable methods for sensor installation, strain acquisition and post-processing of the data, as well as determining and validating structurally relevant entities; and (iii) presents the results obtained by applying DFOS with these methods in a variety of experiments. The analysed experiments comprise a reinforced concrete tie, a pull-out test under cyclic load, and a flexural member in which the following mechanical relevant quantities are assessed: the initial strain state in reinforcing bars, normal and bond shear stresses, deflections as well as forces. These applications confirm the benefit of DFOS to better understand the bond behaviour, but also demonstrate that its application is intricate and the results may lead to erroneous conclusions unless evaluated meticulously.
Development and Validation of an Oral Health Literacy Measurement for Primary School Children in Thailand

Background Oral health promotion programs have been implemented in primary schools for many years in Thailand. Oral health literacy has been introduced as a health promotion outcome; however, no assessment tool has been developed for this age group. The objective of this study was to develop and validate the Test of Functional Health Literacy in Dentistry for Primary School Children (P-TOFHLiD). Materials and Methods. The P-TOFHLiD was developed by modifying contents and outlines using a previously validated tool for older adults, then verified by two experts for face validity. A cross-sectional study was conducted with samples collected from 118 grade-six students from two government schools in Chiang Mai Province, Thailand. The P-TOFHLiD and a previously validated word recognition test were administered, followed by oral examination to assess reliability, concurrent validity, convergent validity, and predictive validity and establish the cut-off score of the tool. The statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 25. Results The internal reliability of P-TOFHLiD was good (α = 0.808). The correlation coefficient between the P-TOFHLiD and grade point average was 0.478 (p value <0.001), which is the represented concurrent validity of the tool. Coefficients between P-TOFHLiD and a word recognition test was 0.422 (p-value <0.001) for convergent validity. P-TOFHLiD was significantly correlated with the number of missing teeth from tooth decay (p-value <0.05), but the correlation coefficient was poor (r = −0.100). The cut-off scores for adequate oral health literacy were set at ≥21 out of the total scores of 26. Conclusion P-TOFHLiD presented good validity and reliability and was ready to use for oral health promotion program evaluation. However, the predictive validity of the P-TOFHLiD in predicting oral health status was questionable only.
A hybrid meta-heuristic DE/CS Algorithm for UCAV path planning

Path planning for uninhabited combat air vehicle (UCAV) is a complicated high dimension optimization problem, which primarily centralizes on optimizing the flight route considering the different kinds of constrains. A new hybrid meta-heuristic differential evolution (DE) and cuckoo search (CS) algorithm is proposed to solve the UCAV path planning problem. DE is applied to optimize the process of selecting cuckoo of the CS model during the process of cuckoo in nest updating. Then, the UCAV can find the safe path by connecting the chosen nodes of the coordinates while avoiding the threat areas and costing minimum fuel. To prove the performance of DE/CS, it was compared with CS and other optimization methods. The results show that DE/CS is more effective and feasible in UCAV path planning than the other model.
Comparative Analysis of Nutritional and Antioxidant Characteristics of Different Pakistani and Exotic Almonds

Health boosting potential of almonds is attributed to its antioxidant potential and rich nutritional profile containing a blend of multifarious nutrients and phytochemicals. These traits considerably vary amongst different genotypes and varieties. Hence, current research was planned to explore the basic nutritional composition and antioxidant potential of four different almond genotypes i.e. Patasa & Talwar (Pakistani) and Abdul Wahidi & Katha (Afghani). Amongst, Talwar and Abdul Wahidi showed better nutritional profile followed by Patasa and Katha. Proximate analysis revealed higher quantities of oil in Talwar and Abdul Wahidi i.e. 51.12±0.97 and 50.64±0.86%, respectively. Katha contained higher ash contents. Likewise, Abdul Wahidi and Talwar were also high in fiber content as 13.11±0.39 and 12.45±0.37, correspondingly. Substantial amount of protein was quantified in Abdul Wahidi. Talwar almonds were proved as a good source of potassium and magnesium, 14.02±1.12 mg/g and 3.10±0.24 mg/g, respectively. Likewise, Abdul Wahidi contained higher amount of phosphorous, 9.17±1.10 mg/g. However, Patasa were high in calcium. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) based quantification showed that vitamin-E (α-tocopherol) was highest in Patasa trailed by Abdul Wahidi and Talwar. However, Katha almonds were low in vitamin-E. In vitro analysis exhibited Talwar and Abdul Wahidi with the highest flavonoids contents. Whereas, Patasa and Abdul Wahidi almonds had promising amounts of total phenolics. Antioxidant assays (DPPH and ABTS) explicated better radical scavenging activity by Talwar and Abdul Wahidi almonds whilst Katha almonds showed better performance for FRAP assay.