Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Mortalität der Blattwespen-Arten Euura laeta und E. mucronata infolge physiologischer Ursachen and durch Abwehr-Überwallungswachstum der Wirtspflanzen-Gewebe (Symphyta : Tenthredinidae)

In 1965 - 1975, a gradation of the sawfly species Euura laeta Zaddach & Brischke 1883 and E. mucronata Hartig 1837 occurred in an osier plantation of Salix viminalis L. at Skalicka near Hranice na Morave (Prerov district). The population densities of these pest species, however, were controlled by various parasitoids, particularly by Eurytoma salicis Walker 1834 and E. aciculata Ratzeburg 1848 (Hymenoptera : Chalcididae), but also by the weevil species Curculio crux Fabricius 1776 (Coleoptera : Curculionidae) and by predacious birds. Their natural mortality furthermore resulted from physiological reasons including the wound squeezing (closing) activities of the host-plant tissues. On an average, 8.8% of the population of E. laeta, and 17,1% of E. mucronata were afflicted due to being enclosed and thus buried in galls. Eggs account for up to 40%, and the first instar larvae for 25% of the total amount of dead individuals observed. The mortality of larvae gradually decreases from the first to the sixth instar, and in the latter amounts to less than 5%. With increasing length of shoots, the mortality increases slightly in E. laeta, but significantly decreases in E. mucronata. Size and form of galls are particularly influenced by the presence of alive in-habitants. In osier plantations, 1-year-old growing and only slightly lignified shoots of Salix vimi-nalis provide optimum conditions for the development of sawflies, probably due to their hypertrophic dimensions, anatomical and morphological structures and physiological conditions. This might also be the reason for frequent sawfly gradations in osier plantations. In wild growing and thus untrimmed, or in artificially planted willows outside osier plantations, the development of sawflies is more seriously affected by insect parasitoids, as in these cases, they are not reduced with earlier harvest.
Novel Cellular Activities of The Cell Cycle Checkpoint Protein Rad1 Revealed by a New High-quality anti-Rad1 Antibody

Rad9, Rad1 and Hus1 are critical for the cell cycle checkpoint and can form a heterotrimer complex called 9-1-1 complex which was supposed to play important roles in the cell cycle checkpoint and other activities required for the maintenance of genome integrity. However, lack of high quality anti-Rad1 antibodies has seriously hindered the research on Rad1 as well as working mechanisms of the 9-1-1 complex at molecular level. In this study, a mouse anti-Rad1 monoclonal antibody (mAb) was successfully generated. The mAb possesses high affinity and specificity, and recognizes both endogenous mouse Rad1 (mRad1) and human Rad1 (hRad1) proteins and was successfully used in ELISA, Western blot analysis, immunoprecipitation and immunofluorescence assays. Using this mAb, we found that mRad1 protein expression was increased in Rad9+/+ mouse embryonic stem (MES) cells after hydroxyurea (HU, a genotoxic agent) treatment while not in Rad9-/- MES cells, suggesting that mRad1 expression is under Rad9 regulation. Furthermore, endogenous mRad1 was distributed mainly in the cytoplasm and did not migrate to the nucleus after HU treatment, contradicting the generally accepted hypothesis that Rad9, Rad1 and Hus1 form the 9-1-1 complex in the nucleus in response to genotoxic stresses. In summary, the exact molecular roles of Rad1 and the 9-1-1 complex are likely more complicated than previously expected and this anti-Rad1 mAb is a powerful tool for the future investigation on Rad1 as well as the 9-1-1 complex.
The gender gap in aversion to COVID-19 exposure: Evidence from professional tennis

We study the gender differences in aversion to COVID-19 exposure using a natural experiment of the 2020 US Open. It was the first major tennis tournament after the season had been paused for six months, held with the same rules and prize money for men and women. We analyze the gender gap in the propensity to voluntarily withdraw because of COVID-19 concerns among players who were eligible and fit to play. We find that female players were significantly more likely than male players to have withdrawn from the 2020 US Open. While players from countries characterized by relatively high levels of trust and patience and relatively low levels of risk-taking were more likely to have withdrawn than their counterparts from other countries, female players exhibited significantly higher levels of aversion to pandemic exposure than male players even after cross-country differences in preferences are accounted for. About 15% of the probability of withdrawing that is explained by our model can be attributed to gender.
Production of γ-Aminobutyric Acid by Lactobacillus brevis 340G Isolated from Kimchi and Its Application to Skim Milk

The Lactobacillus brevis 340G strain isolated from traditional Korean fermented food (kimchi) produced 15.50mMof γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) after 48 h of cultivation in MRS media containing 1% L-monosodium glutamate(MSG). The culture conditions of Lb. brevis 340G were optimized for GABA production. Lb. brevis 340G was cul-tivated at 30oC in optimized MRS media containing 3% sucrose and 2% yeast extract with 3% MSG, resulting inmaximum GABA production (68.77mM) after 54 h of cultivation. Skim milk fermented with Lb. brevis 340G pro-duced 4.64mM of GABA in the presence of 1% MSG. These results suggest that Lb. brevis 340G could be usedas a starter for functional fermented foods and skim milk fermented with Lb. brevis 340G could be further devel-oped to become functional dairy food fortified with GABA.
CHEMOSENSORY BASES OF FOOD-FINDING AND FEEDING IN APLYSIA JULIANA (MOLLUSCA, OPISTHOBRANCHIA)

Sea-hares, Aplysia juliana, when hungry, are aroused to activity by and oriented toward Ulva lactuca, their normal food. The same response occurs when the animals are stimulated by sea water in which Ulva has stood for a few minutes. The material given off by the Ulva is non-volatile, heat-stable, and remains in the water fraction after ether extraction. The receptors for this substance, when it acts in arousal and orientation, are on the tentacles, but not on the rhinophores. When sea water in which Ulva has stood is dropped onto the mouth of an aplysia, the animal starts feeding activity. The stimulating material acts at very low concentrations and is strongly excitatory. Normally these aplysias eat only the terminal thin parts of Ulva and leave the coarser bases which produce new blades. This may be due to the absence of phagostimulant in the bases. The animals therefore do not eliminate the Ulva, even when they are very numerous, and their food supply is thus maintained.
GROWTH AND ENERGETICS OF TERN CHICKS FROM TEMPERATE AND POLAR ENVIRONMENTS

I compared the energetics of Arctic Tern (Sterna paradisaea) chicks from Spitsbergen and The Netherlands, Common Tern (S. hirundo) chicks and Sandwich Tern (S. sandvicensis) chicks from The Netherlands, and Antarctic Tern (S. vittata) chicks from King George Island. Daily energy expenditure (DEE), measured using doubly-labeled water, was only slightly higher in the chicks from the polar environments, despite the higher levels of basal metabolisms (BMR) and higher costs for thermoregulation. Apparently, thermoregulatory cost as part of the DEE of the chick is only a minor item thanks to parental brooding, which may account for energy savings ranging from 40 to 80%. A simple model indicates that the magnitude of these savings is dictated by the parental time budget (i.e. the minimal foraging time needed to meet age-dependent energy requirements of chick). Basal metabolic rate in chicks of the six available studies increased with latitude. The differences could relate to a higher capacity to produce heat, which is necessary in polar environments. The basal-metabolic-rate levels in adult terms, however, do not match this latitudinal pattern for the growing chicks. Ontogenetic studies over a longer time scale would be required to clarify these discrepancies in latitudinal pattern of BMR, for which a functional explanation is given in terms of differences in migratory biology.
Reassembly of microtubules in Nitella tasmanica: assembly of cortical microtubules in branching clusters and its relevance to steady-state microtubule assembly

Giant internodal cells of Nitella tasmanica have cortical microtubules beneath the plasma membrane and endoplasmic microtubules associated with sub-cortical actin bundles and nuclei. We depolymerized the microtubules with oryzalin and followed their reassembly by immunofluorescence. At 18°C (the standard temperature of culture), microtubules were lost from young cells within 10 min and the first microtubules were detected in the cortex within 20 min of washing out the herbicide. Microtubules of older cells disassembled and re-formed more slowly. Continued cortical microtubule assembly was at acute angles to the first-formed microtubules, building branching clusters of microtubules. At 25°C, cortical microtubule assembly generated less extensively branched clusters and was completed more rapidly. Larger clusters but shorter MTs were generated in older cells. Reassembly of microtubules in the endoplasm only began 50 min after the removal of oryzalin. We therefore conclude that assembly proceeded independently in the cortex and endoplasm. Cortical assembly involves scattered assembly events initiating microtubules from which, as the latter elongate, further microtubules assemble as branches. We suggest that similar processes operate in steady-state cells and we explain with a simple model why branched clusters of microtubules are unusually large after microtubule depolymerization. By proposing that these processes show differential changes in activity with temperature and during cell ageing, we can account in qualitative terms for the age- and temperature-dependent differences in microtubule reassembly patterns.
Phylogenetic relationships of Bulgaria inferred by 18S rDNA sequence analysis

Les caracteres morphologiques, anatomiques et chimiques de Bulgaria sont assez inhabituels, voire uniques dans l'ordre des Leotiales ce qui rend leur position systematique difficile a determiner. Le gene de la petite sous-unite de l'ARN ribosomique est sequence et compare a celui de 27 euascomycetes. L'analyse phylogenetique inscrit B. inquinans dans le groupe forme par les Leotiales et Blumeria (Erysiphales). Il apparait comme un groupe frere comprenant Cudonia, Spathularia and Cyttaria. Les donnees 18S rADN determinees jusqu'a present ne peuvent pas donner une bonne resolution nibootstrap' satisfaisant pour etablir la relation entre les nombreuses lignees du groupe Leotiales/ Erysiphales. Neanmoins, les lignees des Leotiales sont correlees par le biais des differents types d'asques. C'est pourquoi, des donnees moleculaires et celles se referant aux asques sont congruentes confirmant que dans cet ordre les caracteres de l'appareil apical sont tres utiles en tant que marqueurs phylogenetiques a un rang systematique eleve (famille ou au-dessus dans le cas des Bulgariaceae/Cyttariaceae et des Helotiaceae/ Sclerotiniaceae). Les donnees moleculaires et non-moleculaires presentees suggerent que la famille des Bulgariaceae devrait etre acceptee comme famille proche des Cyttariaceae, Geoglossaceae, Helotiaceae, Leotiaceae, Sclerotiniaceae (dont il est fait mention dans ce travail) et de quelques autres encore.
GROWTH OF THE BRINE SHRIMP ARTEMIA FED ON OFFSPRING OF THE COPEPOD Tisbe biminiensis VOLKMANN-ROCCO, 1973

Artemia nauplius is used as food for rearing shrimp and fish larvae. This study investigated the growth of Artemia fed on the copepod Tisbe biminiensis offspring (nauplii and copepodite 2), compared to those fed on the microalgae Thalassiosira fluviatilis. Artemia nauplii (45 individuals) were stocked in vessels containing 500 mL of seawater and 34 salinity. The vessels were maintained at 28oC, 13 h light/11 h dark photoperiod and provided with aeration. The culture period was 11 days. The Artemia were fed on microalgae (10,000 cells.mL-1) for four days. On the 5th day two diets were supplied to the Artemia: copepod offspring (10 copepod.mL-1) and microalgae (20,000 cells.mL-1). No significant difference was found in mean survival between diets. The final length of the Artemia fed with copepod diet was significantly higher than Artemia fed with the microalgae diet. The final dry weight of the Artemia did not differ significantly between diets. It can be concluded that T. biminiensis offspring is an alternative food for the culture of Artemia.
Field Emergence of Tomato, Carrot, and Onion Seeds Primed in an Aerated Salt Solution

Conditions for priming tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.), carrot (Daucus carota L.), and onion (Allium cepa L.) seeds in solutions of K3PO4 + KNO3 and K2HPO4 + KNO3 were optimized in a series of laboratory and field experiments. When primed in K3PO4 + KNO3 (−1.6 MPa) for 7, 14, or 21 days at 15°, 20°, or 25°C, the percentage of emergence was unchanged in tomato, increased in carrot, and decreased in onion. Although there were some species differences, all priming treatments reduced time-spread and increased median rate of emergence. For this solution, priming at 15° for 14 days was optimal for all 3 species. Detailed experiments using optimized priming solutions in an aerated column for tomato (K2HPO4 + KNO3, −1.0 MPa) and for carrots (K3PO4 + KNO3, −1.5 MPa) demonstrated that 18 days was necessary to prime tomato seeds maximally by reducing the time-spread of germination from 73 to 12 hr. With carrots, the maximal response was obtained after 16 days of priming. For both species, continued gains in germination could be obtained from prolonged priming, although only at the expense of a reduced percentage of germination. Air-drying and storing of tomato and carrot seeds for up to 28 days had no effect on subsequent emergence in the field. Conversely, air-drying of onion seeds reduced the percentage of emergence and increased time-spread and rate of emergence. In contrast, salt-primed tomato seeds exhibited an increase in percentage and rate of emergence, and a decrease in time-spread of field emergence. Primed carrot seeds exhibited a faster rate of field emergence than those not primed.
Effects of cytochalasins on growth of Mucor rouxii

Effects of treatment with 10 -7 M cytochalasin B or 3×10 -8 M cytochalasin D on cells from Mucor rouxii were studied. These included inhibition of spore germination, reduction in hyphal growth and morphological alteration of cells by drugs. It is proposed that the effects of cytochalasins on cells result from a direct interaction of the drugs with the actin filament component of the cytoskeleton and a secondary cellular response
Serological survey of Toxoplasma gondii infec tions in stray cats from italy

La prevalence de l'infestation par Toxoplasma gondii a ete determinee chez des chats errants par un test d'agglutination directe disponible dans le commerce. Au total, 40.7% des serums ont donne des resultats positifs. L'infestation par T. gondii a semble plus frequente chez les femelles que chez les mâles (41.3% vs. 39%), chez les chats Communs Europeens que chez les autres races (88.3% vs. 40%), chez les animaux de moins de 5 ans que chez les animaux plus âges (42.3% vs. 38.3%), chez les chats vivant en milieu urbain que chez ceux vivant en milieu sub-urbain (45.8% vs. 35.7%), et pendant la periode printemps/ete que pendant la periode automne/hiver (45.8% vs 35.4%). Malgre ces tendances, les differences entre les groupes n'etaient pas significatives par le test du Χ 2 . On peut en conclure que la seroprevalence des chats errants est un bon indicateur de l'etendue de l'infestation par T. gondii dans l'environnement, et reflete un risque potentiel d'infestation pour l'homme et les autres animaux domestiques ou sauvages.
Role of immunostimulants in the culture of decapod crustacean

Increased concerns on antibiotics used in aquaculture have promoted research toward alternative products. Immunostimulants have been approved to be good alternatives for antibiotics used in the culture of many species. A series of experiments were conducted under laboratory conditions to investigate the roles of immunostimulants, beta glucan (BG) and mannan oligosaccharides (MOS) in the culture of marron (Cherax tenuimanus), tropical rock lobster (Panulirus ornatus) and yabbies (Cherax destructor). BG showed survival, physiological and immunological improvements in marron through dietary supplementary levels of 0.1 to 0.2%. Dietary MOS at 0.2 to 0.4% inclusion level improved survival, health status and immune system of marron. Similar improvements of dietary MOS were observed in yabbies and tropical rock lobster. In addition, the growth of yabbies and tropical rock lobster increased with MOS supplemented diets. Dietary MOS also benefited marron, tropical rock lobster and yabbies by enhancing the biological functions of their digestive system. Marron and lobster fed MOS diets revealed a healthier gut condition with improvement in morphological structure and microbiota structure. MOS also changed digestive enzyme activities of yabbies. Further, dietary MOS lowered mortality of marron and tropical rock lobster when they were infected with bacteria. The resistance ability of marron to environmental stressors such as NH3 and air exposure during live transportation was also enhanced in marron fed MOS. In addition, there were no adverse effects of BG and MOS on the performances of above crustaceans. The current research implies that MOS and BG could be the used as alternatives to antibiotics in crustacean cultured under laboratory environment. In order to attain the optimum benefits of MOS and BG dietary supplementation in the commercial production of crustaceans, however, further research is suggested.
Effects of season and parity on performance of lactating sows in a tropical climate

The effects of season in a tropical climate and parity on lactation performance of 106 Large White sows over several reproductive cycles (301 lactations in total) were studied in Guadeloupe (French West Indies, 16oN latitude, 61oW longitude) between January 1999 and March 2003. Two seasons were determined a posteriori from climatic parameters recorded continuously in a station close to the experimental unit. During the warm season, ambient temperature and relative humidity averaged 23·5oC and 0·831, respectively. In the hot season, the corresponding values were 26·0oC and 0·834, respectively. Over the 28-day lactation period, average daily food intake (ADFI) was lower (P < 0·001) and live-weight (LW) loss was higher (P < 0·05) during the hot season than during the warm season (3·9 v. 4·7 kg/day and 17 v. 12 kg, respectively). Growth rate and mean LW of piglets at weaning were lower (P < 0·05) during the hot season (203 v. 220 g/day and 7·0 v. 7·5 kg, respectively). However, the weaning-to-oestrus interval was not affected by season (5·4 days on average). The effect of season on ad libitum ADFI was less accentuated for primiparous than for multiparous sows (warm-hot 360 v. 1001 g/day). Irrespective of the season, ADFI was lower (P < 0·01) and piglet growth rate tended to be lower (P < 0·1) in primiparous than in multiparous sows (4·0 v. 4·4 kg/day and 205 v. 215 g/day, respectively). Moreover, the percentage of sows that returned to oestrus later than 5 days after weaning was higher in primiparous than in multiparous sows (25 v. 2%, P < 0·001). This study confirmed the negative effects of the hot season on performance of lactating sows raised in a humid tropical climate; the effects of season are dependent on parity number.
Winter distribution of sea turtles in the vicinity of Cape Hatteras and their interactions with the summer flounder trawl fishery

Aerial surveys of Nosh Carolina offshore waters between Cape Lookout and the North Carolina/Virginia state line were conducted November 1991 -March 1992 to determine the abundance of sea turtles in the area where a trawl fishery for summer flounder was active, and to relate the distribution of turtles to physical oceanographic processes. Turtles were sighted throughout the winter as far nosh as Oregon Inlet. Individual surveys yielded surface density estimates greater than 12 turtles.100 km -2 , depending on the method of analysis. The distribution of turtles appeared to be related to water temperature, with turtles being mostly in waters ≥11 o C. Favorable temperature and depth regimes for sea turtles occur throughout the winter along the western edge of the Gulf Stream from the vicinity of Cape Hatteras southward. The nearshore waters of Raleigh Bay, more than any other nearshore area of the South Atlantic Bight, are affected in the winter by the warm, fast-moving Gulf Stream and its frontal eddies that impinge upon and override the narrow continental shelf. Characteristically the waters in the vicinity of Cape Hatteras are warmer in the winter than nearshore areas to the south. The narrowness of the continental shelf and the influence of the Gulf Stream on these nearshore regions serve to concentrate sea turtles emigrating from nearshore waters in the Middle Atlantic Bight and Pamlico and Core Sounds in the late fall and early winter. Thus, sea turtles can be at greater risk for interaction with fishing activity on the continental shelf near Cape Hatteras, during the winter, than in any other area in the South Atlantic Bight. The summer flounder fishery, operating between Cape May, New Jersey and Cape Lookout, North Carolina during November 1991-February 1992, was monitored for interactions with sea turtles. Observers were aboard nearly 6% of the reposed trips landed in Virginia and North Carolina. The sea turtle catch comprised loggerheads (60%), Kemp's ridleys (36%), greens (2%), and a hawksbill (1%). The catch of Kemp's ridleys during November-December 1991 south of Cape Hatteras was high (N=26). Overall turtle catch rates were similar to those reposed for the Atlantic shrimp fishery, but catch rates south of Cape Hatteras were 6-8 times higher than catch rates nosh of the Cape. A total of 1,063 turtles was estimated to have been caught November 1991-February 1992, and 89-181 were estimated to have died as a result of the trawl fishery. None of the turtles tagged during this study was recaptured during the study period, but three were recaptured subsequently; one had been resuscitated. Trawl activity was aggregated, and a number of turtles required resuscitation after 60 min tows. Sea turtle conservation regulations are needed for this fishery because the turtle/fishery interaction is great (>1,000 turtles estimated caught), the proportion caught that is Kemp's ridleys is high (35%), and the physical processes that concentrate the sea turtles on the fishing grounds are operable every winter
Polychaeta of the ‘DIVA-Artabria I’ project (cruise 2002) in the continental shelf and upper slope off Galicia (NW Spain)

Polychetes du projet 'DIVA-Artabria 1' (campagne 2002) sur le talus et le plateau continental au large de la Galice (Espagne). Ce travail a pour but d'etudier les Polychetes recoltes pendant la campagne 2002 du projet 'DIVA-Artabria I' sur le plateau continental et le talus du Golfo Artabro (Galice, NW Espagne). Dix-huit echantillons ont ete preleves a 9 stations a une profondeur de 150 a 1140 m. Trois appareils d'echantillonnage differents ont ete utilises: une drague Agassiz, une drague de Naturaliste et un traineau epibenthique. En tout, 5598 specimens appartenant a 43 familles et 171 especes de polychetes ont ete recoltes. L'assemblage de polychetes du plateau continental differe de celui du talus: la faune de polychetes du plateau est composee de taxa de l'endofaune tels les ampharetides, les ophelides, les paraonides et les spionides, alors que le talus est caracterise par des taxa epibenthiques mobiles tels les syllides, les hesionides et les phyllodocides. L'acrocirride Macrochaeta polyonyx Eliason, 1962 est cite pour la premiere fois dans la peninsule iberique. De nouvelles donnees morphologiques sont apportees sur l'ampharetide Auchenoplax crinita Ehlers, 1887 et le terebellide Euthelepus setubalensis McIntosh, 1885.