Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
2AProtein and Activating Protein Phosphatase Modulate Inflammation by Binding the SET Apolipoprotein E and Peptide Mimetics

The molecular mechanism by which apolipoprotein E (apoE) suppresses inﬂammatory cytokine and NO production is unknown. Using an afﬁnity puriﬁcation approach, we found that peptide mimetics of apoE, derived from its receptor binding domain residues 130–150, bound to the SET protein, which is a potent physiological inhibitor of protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A). Both holo-apoE protein and apoE-mimetic peptides bound to the C-terminal region of SET, which is then associated with an increase in PP2A-mediated phosphatase activity. As physiological substrates for PP2A, the LPS-induced phosphorylation status of signaling MAPK and Akt kinase is reduced following treatment with apoE-mimetic peptides. On the basis of our previous report, in which apoE-mimetic peptides reduced I- k B kinase and NF- k B activation, we also demonstrate a mechanism for reduced production of inducible NO synthase protein and its NO product. These data provide evidence for a novel molecular mechanism by which apoE and apoE-mimetic peptides antagonize SET, thereby enhancing endogenous PP2A phosphatase activity, which reduces levels of phosphorylated kinases, signaling, and inﬂammatory response. The Journal of Immunology , 2011, 186: 2535–2542.
2005 Genetic Differences and Variation in Two Largehead Hairtail ( Trichiurus lepturus ) Populations Determined by RAPD -- PCR

Korea Genomic DNA was isolated from two geographic populations of largehead hairtail ( Trichiurus lepturus ) in Korea and the Atlantic Ocean. The eight arbitrarily selected primers were found to generate common, polymorphic, and specific fragments. The complexity of the banding patterns varied dramatically between primers from the two locations. The size of the DNA fragments also varied widely, from 150 bp (base pairs) to 3,000 bp. Here, 947 fragments were identified in the largehead hairtail population from Korea, and 642 in the largehead hairtail population from the Atlantic Ocean: 148 specific fragments (15.6%) in the Korean population, and 61 (9.5%) in the Atlantic population. In the Korean population, 638 common fragments with an average of 79.8 per primer were observed. ; 429 common fragments, with an average of 53.6 per primer, were identified in the Atlantic population. The number of polymorphic fragments in the largehead hairtail population from Korea and the Atlantic Ocean was 76 and 27, respectively. Based on the average bandsharing values of all samples, the similarity matrix ranged from 0.784 to 0.922 in the Korean population, and from 0.833 to 0.990 in the Atlantic population. The bandsharing value of individuals within the Atlantic population was much higher than in the Korean population. The dendrogram obtained by the eight primers indicated two genetic clusters: cluster 1 (KOREAN 01 ~~ KOREAN 11), and cluster 2 (ATLANTIC 12 ~~ ATLANTIC 22). Individual KOREAN no. 10 from Korea was genetically most closely related to KOREAN no. 11 in the Korean population (genetic distance = 0.038). Ultimately, individual KOREAN no. 01 of the Korean population was most distantly related to ATLANTIC no. 16 of the Atlantic population (genetic distance =
Roads, Competition and the Informal Sector

We examine the impact of competition arising from better connectivity to markets on formal and informal firms. Combining geolocalized information on road improvements under a large infrastructure investment programme with data on manufacturing firms in Ethiopia, we show that an increase in competition is associated with higher labour productivity, capital-intensity, investment in physical capital and wages in the formal sector. On the contrary, there is no associated increase in labour productivity or wages in the informal sector. In fact, increased competition is associated with lower capital-intensity and investment, a shift in composition towards workers without primary education and a lower likelihood of operating in the informal sector. We thus highlight that the benefits of infrastructure improvement programmes may not accrue uniformly in the economy.
THE COASTAL DISTANCES AND TENDING OPERATIONS INFLUENCE THE LEAF TRAITS AND LEAF ALLOMETRY OF BAMBOO DENDROCALAMUS MINOR VAR. AMOENUS

Exploring the variation of functional traits and leaf allometry under different tending operations and distances to seashore would aid in understanding the plant’s response and adaptation to the environment as well as provide a suggestion for windbreak construction. As a result, communities of Dendrocalamus minor var. amoenus were selected in Chishan forestry farm, Dongshan Island, China, to determine their leaf traits and leaf allometry under different tending operations, at various distances to the seashore. The results showed that leaf area, length, width, calorific value, C and N contents in the plot under tending operations were significantly higher than that in the plot near to seashore without tending operations and the plot far away to seashore without tending operations ( P <0.05). Tending operations and distance to seashore had effects on the leaf traits and leaf allometry . There was a trade-off between leaf morphological traits and leaf dry weight due to the changes in the allocation of resources and energy, caused by tending operations and distances to the seashore. We conclude that tending operations and distances to the seashore have a high impact on leaf morphological, functional traits by balancing the relationship between energy and growth.
Reverse shoulder arthroplasty: Short to mid-term clinical and radiological results

Aim : This paper aimed to review the early and midterm radiological and clinical findings of our patients who were treated surgically with reverse shoulder prosthesis via to rotator cuff arthropathy. Materials and Methods: A total of 22 patients (female: 14, male 8), with shoulder arthrosis due to cuff tears were treated with reverse shoulder prosthesis between 2015 and 2018 in our clinic. The mean age of the patients was detected as 69.4 years (65-93 years). The mean clinical follow-up was detected as 11 months (3-36 month). The patients were evaluated with Visual Analog Scale (VAS), Shoulder Constant Score, American Shoulder/Elbow Surgeons Shoulder Score (ASES) scores, preoperatively. In last outpa-tient visits, patients were evaluated with radiological views and range of motion, Shoulder Constant, VAS and ASES scores. Results: The mean shoulder flexion, extension, and abduction was measured as 101°, 24°, and 97.9° respectively in the last polyclinic controls. The mean shoulder Constant scores were 30.8 preoperatively and 62.1 at follow-up (p=0.001). Preoperatively, the mean score of ASES was 31.6. And it was increased to 65.9 with the last follow-up (p = 0.001). The mean preoperative VAS scores were 7.42, and the mean postoperative mean were 2.8 (p = 0.001). Periprosthetic fracture developed intraoperatively in one patient who also had a dislocation occurred in the 2 nd month postoperatively. In another patient, superficial infection occurred at the postoperative 3 rd week. One patient died because of cardiac problems postoperatively and another one had a traumatic periprosthetic fracture at 5 th month postoperatively. Conclusion: While clinical presentation of patient is an advanced rotator cuff tear arthropathy, the application of reverse shoulder prosthesis is major surgical procedure. Also, with appropriate rehabilitation protocol, significant improvement in pain and func- tion can be achieved.
The effect of the challenge with Newcastle disease virus on the gastrointestinal bacterial population in Japanese quail ( Coturnix japonica )

: Newcastle disease (ND), caused by virulent strains of Newcastle disease virus (NDV), is a devastating disease of poultry worldwide. The effect of a challenge with NDV on bacterial population in quail is poorly document ed, so for this purpose, a total of 100 day-old Japanese quail were purchased and divided into 2 equal groups randomly. Each group was divided into 2 subgroups. The birds in group A challenged with a velogenic chicken isolate of NDV. The birds in group B did not challenge with NDV as the control group. For the determination of lactobacillus counts in the intestine and crop of Japanese quail, at the end of the period, 10 birds of each subgroup were chosen randomly. One gram of the crop and ileocecal content were taken and cultured on MRS for determination of lactobacillus counts. The colony-forming units of Escherichia coli in digesta of ileocecal on Mac Conkey agar were investigated. The results of this study showed that the challenge with a velogenic chicken isolate of NDV could increase colony-forming units of Escherichia coli in group A compared to the control group. Also, it reduced lactobacillus counts of intestine and crop compared to the control group. So it concluded that velogenic chicken isolate of NDV influences microflora of intestine and crop of Japanese quail.
EMF waveform optimization using the permanent magnet volume-integration method

The emf expression can be derived with the PM volume-integration method, allowing easier optimization and prediction of the emf harmonic content. An analytical expression is developed for predicting the electromotive force (emf) waveforms and flux linkage resulting from the motion of permanent magnets (PM) in the case of two cylinders, where the outer cylinder carries a surface-mounted winding and the inner cylinder carries the PMs. The expressions are based on the PM Volume-Integration Method, which uses a volume integral calculated over the magnet volume, rather than the usual surface integral over the coil surface. The specific case of surface-mounted arc PM with radial magnetization is analyzed. An outer cylinder with infinitely thin winding distribution on its inner surface is considered. The chording factor, slot factor and spread factor are included in the analytical expression. The emf waveform and related harmonics are predicted analytically and validated by comparing with a finite element analysis and with experiment.
Evaluation of Some Soaps and Detergents in the Lagos, Nigeria Market for Standard Organization of Nigerian Specification Compliance

Background: Soaps and detergents are tools for maintaining personal and environmental hygiene, thus helps in the protection from harmful bacteria and dirt. Objective: This study assessed the compliance of some soaps and liquid detergents in Lagos, Nigeria to the Nigerian Industrial Standard (NIS) specification of 2006 (2010 for medicated soaps). Methods: Toilet (A, B, C, D E), laundry (F, G, H, I), medicated (J, K, L), black (M, N, O) soaps and liquid detergents (P, Q) were purchased from local markets in Lagos, Nigeria. All parameters stipulated for soaps were determined as specified in the test method for soaps by the Standard Organization of Nigeria (SON) in the NIS. Results: Apart from samples D, G and J which had total fatty matter (TFM) values of 65.14%, 53.34% and 24.50% respectively, TFM of other soaps complied with the NIS specifications of 50%, 62% and 70% for black laundry, toilet and medicated soaps respectively. The results of this study showed that all liquid detergent parameters complied with their standard values save for inorganic matter and insoluble matter in water, while only five of fifteen different soap brands complied with NIS specification. No liquid detergent showed no compliance. Conclusion: Many of the soaps and detergents studied from the Nigeria market did not conform to the minimum standard recommended by SON, therefore regular quality check and enforcement is necessary.
Ensembles as Evidence, not Experts: Why Probabilities are Valuable in the Interpretation of Climate Models

Climate scientists frequently interpret climate models as providing probabilistic information, a practice that has come under substantial crit-icism from philosophers of science. The present paper defends this interpretation. I show that the probabilistic information provided by “ensembles” of climate models is invaluable to climate science; it provides important information about how to distribute confidence over various alternatives. Importantly, this information is best understood and treated as evidence (rather than as some kind of deferral-worthy expert function). From this perspective, it becomes clear that the criticisms raised by philosophers only motivate a moderate position according to which some but not all uses of the probabilities generated by “ensemble-based methods” are appropriate.
INTERACTIVE EFFECTS OF POULTRY LITTER COMPOST AND CHEMICAL FERTILIZERS ON MACRONUTRIENTS, OIL AND PROTEIN CONTENT IN SUNFLOWER ( HELIANTHUS ANNUUS L.)

A field experiment was carried out at the research farm of Charfasson Govt. College, Bhola, during rabi season in 2016-2017 to evaluate the effect of poultry litter compost and NPK fertilizers on concentration, uptake, oil and protein content of sunflower cv. BARI-2 (Keroni-2). The experiment was laid out in a completely randomized block design (CRBD) having sixteen treatments with three replications. The unit plot size was 3 m x 2 m. Treatments were T 1 : Control (- PL and -NPK), T 2 :1.5 t PL ha -1 , T 3 :3 t PL ha -1 , T 4 : 4.5 t PL ha -1 , T 5 :N 40 P 30 K 50 kg ha -1 , T 6 :N 80 P 60 K 100 kg ha -1 , T 7 :N 120 P 90 K 150 kg ha -1 , T 8 : 1.5 t PL ha -1 +N 40 P 30 K 50 kg ha -1 , T 9 :1.5 t PL ha -1 + N 80 P 60 K 100 kg ha 1 , T 10 :1.5 t PL ha -1 + N 120 P 90 K 150 kg ha -1 , T 11 : 3 t PL ha -1 +N 40 P 30 K 50 kg ha -1 , T 12 : 3 ton PL ha -1 + N 80 P 60 K 100 kg ha -1 , T 13 :3 t PL ha -1 + N 120 P 90 K 150 kg ha -1 , T 14 : 4.5 t PL ha
Effect of Difference in Warm-Up Intensity During 75%1RM Bench Press Exercise on Number of Repetitions, Total Work, and RPP

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of the intensity of warm-up exercise on the physiological response and exercise performance during resistance exercise. For this purpose, 8 male college students with at least 1 year of experience in resistance movement were selected. The warm-up condition was set to NON condition (preparatory exercise not performed), 3 set condition, 6 set condition, and 9 set condition, and the intensity was different for each set. After warm-up, 75% 1RM of main exercise was performed, and blood pressure and heart rate were measured immediately after exercise to measure RPP. The number of repetitions and total work for each condition were measured as the number of repetitions and momentum during the main exercise. The measured data were analyzed by repeated measures two-way ANOVA. As a result, although there was no difference in Rate Pressure Product according to the warm-up conditions, the number of repetitions and total amount of exercise showed the highest in the 3-set condition. Therefore, it is thought that the number and intensity of warm-up exercises should be set appropriately during resistance exercise, and warm-up of 3 sets or more during resistance exercise is thought to decrease exercise performance.
Disassembly line balancing problem: a review of the state of the art and future directions

The disassembly line balancing (DLB) problem assigns the set of tasks to each workstation for each product to be disassembled and aims at attaining several objectives, such as minimising the number of workstations, ensuring similar idle time at each workstation and removing hazardous parts/highly demanded components at the earliest moments possible. Over the past two decades, the DLB problem and its variants have grown ever more popular for researchers and practitioners of environmentally conscious manufacturing. Yet, the problem characteristics and assumptions vary widely and there is no literature review to classify the existing articles accordingly. Hence, a comprehensive literature review of recent and state-of-the-art papers is vital to draw a framework of the past, and to shed light on future directions. To do so, 116 studies published in proceedings and journals since 1999 are selected and reviewed. The papers are then analysed and categorised to construct a useful foundation of past research. Finally, trends and gaps in the literature are identified to clarify and to suggest future research opportunities.
Variance-Seeking Meta-Exploration to Handle Out-of-Distribution Tasks

Meta-Reinforcement Learning (meta-RL) yields the potential to improve the sample efﬁciency of reinforcement learning algorithms. Through training an agent on multiple meta-RL tasks, the agent is able to learn a policy based on past experience, and leverage this to solve new, unseen tasks. Accordingly, meta-RL promises to solve real-world problems, such as real-time heating, ventilation and air-conditioning (HVAC) control without accurate simulators of the target building. In this paper, we propose a meta-RL method which trains an agent on ﬁrst order models to efﬁciently learn and adapt to the internal dynamics of a real-world building. We recognise that meta-agents trained on ﬁrst order simulator models do not perform well on second order models, owing to the meta-RL assumption that the test tasks should be from within the same distribution as the training tasks. In response, we propose a novel exploration method called variance seeking meta-exploration which enables a meta-RL agent to perform well on complex tasks outside of its training distribution. Our method programs the agent to prefer exploring task dependent state-action pairs, and in turn, allows it to adapt efﬁciently to challenging second order models which bear greater semblance to real-world problems.
INFECTION OF LIGATED INTESTINAL LOOPS WITH HEMOLYTIC ESCHERICHIA COLI IN THE PIG*

THE PRESENCE of large numbers of hemolytic E. coli in the intestine of pigs with edema disease is now considered characteristic of the disease. Serological typing of these hemolytic E. coli has indicated that certain specific serotypes are usually involved. Some of the more commonly occurring ones are members of 0 groups 138, 139 and 141 (30). Likewise, weanling enteritis of pigs is associated with large numbers of hemolytic E. coli in the intestine. Serotypes having 0 antigens 138, 141 and 8 of hemolytic E. coli are commonly isolated from the intestine of pigs with this disease (30). Occasionally other strains of E. coli have also been incriminated. The serotypes of hemolytic E. coli found in edema disease and weanling enteritis are often present in the intestine of normal pigs, usually in smaller numbers (4). In 1953, De and Chatterje (5) described a technique for studying the enteropathogenicity of Vibrio cholerae in rabbits. Test organisms were introduced into ligated loops of small intestine. Twenty-four hours later, pathogenicity was indicated in the isolated segment by distention with fluid and by necrosis and hemorrhage in the mucosa. This method was subsequently used to study E. coli isolated from diarrheal disease in man (6, 25, 31) and pig (14, 23, 26). Correlation between clinical and experimental enteropathogenicity was observed. Correlation of E. coli serotype with the positive loop reaction was equivocal. Most E. coli isolated from the small intestines of pigs
Stereochemistry Modulates Stability of Reduced Inter-Strand Cross-Links Arising From R - and S - α -CH 3 - γ -OH-1, N 2 -propano-2 ′ Deoxyguanosine in the 5 ′ -CpG-3 ′ DNA Sequence

The solution structures of 5 ′ -Cp- N 2 -dG-3 ′ - R -( α )-CH 3 -propyl-5 ′ -Cp- N 2 -dG-3 ′ and 5 ′ -Cp- N 2 -dG-3 ′ S -( α )-CH 3 -propyl-5 ′ -Cp- N 2 -dG-3 ′ inter-strand DNA cross-links in the 5 ′ -CpG-3 ′ sequence were determined by NMR spectroscopy. These were utilized as chemically stable surrogates for the corresponding carbinolamine inter-strand cross-links arising from the crotonaldehyde and acetaldehyde-derived R - and S - α -CH 3 - γ -OH-1, N 2 -propanodeoxyguanosine adducts. The results provide an explanation for the observation that inter-strand cross-link formation in the 5 ′ -CpG-3 ′ sequence by the R - and S - α -CH 3 - γ -OH-1, N 2 -propanodeoxyguanosine adducts is dependent upon stereochemistry, favoring the R - α -CH 3 - γ -OH-1, N 2 -propanodeoxyguanosine adduct [Kozekov, I.D. , Nechev, L.V. , Moseley, M.S., Harris, C.M. , Rizzo, C.J., Stone, M.P., & Harris, T.M. (2003) J. Am. Chem. Soc. 125 , 50–61]. Molecular dynamics calculations, restrained by NOE-based distances and empirical restraints, revealed that both the 5 ′ -Cp- N 2 -dG-3
Comparison of fluid dynamic numerical models for a clinical ventricular assist device and experimental validation

With the recent advances in computer technology, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) has become an important tool to design and improve blood contacting artificial organs, and to study the device-induced blood damage. Commercial CFD software packages are readily available, and multiple CFD models are provided by CFD software developers. However, the best approach of using CFD effectively to characterize fluid flow and to predict blood damage in these medical devices remains debatable. This study aimed to compare these CFD models and provide useful information on the accuracy of each model in modeling blood flow in circulatory assist devices. The laminar and five turbulence models (Spalart-Allmaras, k- ε (k-epsilon), k- ω (k-omega), SST (Menter’s Shear Stress Transport), and Reynolds Stress) were implemented to predict blood flow in a clinically used circulatory assist device, CentriMag ® centrifugal blood pump (Thoratec, MA). In parallel, a transparent replica of the CentriMag ® pump was constructed and selected views of the flow fields were measured with digital particle image velocimetry (DPIV). CFD results were compared with the DPIV experimental results. Compared with the experiment, all the selected CFD models predicted the flow pattern fairly well except the area of the outlet. However, quantitatively, the laminar model results were the most deviated from the experimental data. On the other hand, k- ε RNG models and Reynolds Stress model are the most accurate. In conclusion, for the circulatory assist devices, turbulence models provide more accurate results than laminar model. Among the selected turbulence models, k- ε and Reynolds Stress Method models are recommended.
Will FLT3 Inhibitors Fulfill Their Promise in AML?

Purpose of Review— FLT-3 mutations in Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) have been brought from discovery in the early 1990's to clinical targeting in the last ten years. Despite several promising leads in pre-clinical models, no agent has yet been approved for clinical use. Here we will review the development of novel therapies for AML with FLT3 mutations. Recent findings— Initial clinical development focused on broad kinase inhibitors which were found to have limited clinical activity due to insufficient kinase inhibitory activity and high toxicity. Subsequent development has brought forth narrow spectrum inhibitors with potent in-vivo activity and reasonable clinical tolerance but many patients still progress with prolonged use. Summary— The optimal role for targeting FLT3 may depend on multi-modality therapy and will likely require hematopoietic transplant. The incorporation of ABL kinase inhibitors into acute lymphoblastic leukemia management should serve as a model for incorporation of FLT3 targeted agents into clinical care. Strategies incorporating FLT3 targeted agents into AML therapy are ongoing, but challenges in trial design, clinical heterogeneity and need for long term follow up make these investigations complicated in design and implementation.