Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Hepatotoxic Alterations Induced by Inhalation of Trichloroethylene（TCE） in Rats

Objective Trichloroethylene (TCE) is one of the most potent organic unsaturated solvents being used in dry cleaning, metal degreasing, thinner for paints varnishes and electroplating, etc. and has been reported to be a hepatotoxicant through oral and dermal exposure. However, its inhalation toxicity data is very limited in the literature due to the fact that the exposure levels associated with these effects were usually not reported. Hence, inhalation toxicity study was carried out for hepatotoxic studies. Method Inhalation toxicity studies was carried out by exposing rats to TCE for 8, 12 and 24 weeks in a dynamically operated whole body inhalation chamber. Sham treated control rats were exposed to compressed air in the inhalation chamber for the same period. Results Significant increase in liver weight (liver enlargement) appearance of necrotic lesions with fatty changes and marked necrosis were observed after longer duration (12 and 24 weeks) of TCE exposure. The lysosomal rupture resulted in increased activity of acid and alkaline phosphatase alongwith reduced glutathione content and total increased sulfhydryl content in liver tissue. Conclusion TCE exposure through Inhalation route induces hepatotoxicity in terms of marked necrosis with fatty changes and by modulating the lysosomal enzymes.
The Effect of Hyper-Oxidative Breathing on Physical Endurance

Increasing endurance can have important implications for anyone looking to improve their physical performance. Hyper-oxidative breathing techniques, such as the one utilized in the Wim Hof Method, have been proven successful in improving endurance in individuals. This study explores the physiological effects of a hyper-oxidative breathing technique, based off of the Wim Hof Method, on physical endurance. The physiological parameters observed were heart rate, blood pressure, as well as wall-sit duration, in seconds. The BIOPAC student lab system (BSL 4 software, MP36) was used in this experiment. Blood pressure was measured by utilizing an “OMRON 10 Series +” automatic blood pressure monitor (BP791IT, OMRON, Inc.). These effects are measured by implementing the breathing technique during an anaerobic exercise, a wall-sit, under normal, non-extreme conditions. Participants performed two trials of wall-sits, one without the breathing technique, then another one week later with the breathing technique. It was found that the breathing technique was effective in elongating the duration of a maximal-effort wall-sit for the entire group of participants as a whole. The heart rate data recorded during the initial wall-sits without the breathing exercise plateaus earlier, at 40 seconds, than the normal breathing heart rate, further indicating that Hof’s breathing technique is effective in obtaining and maintaining a stable heart rate more quickly. ​ ​However, based on the statistical analysis, this is not statistically significant. This trend observed, however, is an important observation seen in the data, and had the equipment in this experiment been more reliable and if more trials were run with a sample size larger than 50 people, this data could have been statistically significant. We conclude that while our data indicates that the breathing technique did successfully raise the duration an individual could maintain a wall-sit, further studies are needed to determine exactly which physiological changes give rise to this increase.
Chemical 1 Characterization , Functional Properties and Antioxidant Capacity in Comparison with 2

Arid and Oases Cropping Laboratory, Arid Area Institute, Medenine 4119, Tunisia 6 (b) University of Liege Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech., Department of Food Technol. , Passage 7 des Déportés, 2, B-5030 Gembloux, Belgium 8 Instituto de la Grasa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Avenida 9 Padre García Tejero 4, Sevilla 41012, Spain 10 * Corresponding author. Tel. : Phone: +216 98 523 874; Fax: +216 75 633 006; E11 mail address: hamzapalmier@yahoo.fr 12 13
Instance Segmentation of LiDAR Point Clouds

We propose a robust baseline method for instance segmentation which are specially designed for large-scale outdoor LiDAR point clouds. Our method includes a novel dense feature encoding technique, allowing the localization and segmentation of small, far-away objects, a simple but effective solution for single-shot instance prediction and effective strategies for handling severe class imbalances. Since there is no public dataset for the study of LiDAR instance segmentation, we also build a new publicly available LiDAR point cloud dataset to include both precise 3D bounding box and point-wise labels for instance segmentation, while still being about 3∼20 times as large as other existing LiDAR datasets. The dataset will be published at https://github.com/feihuzhang/LiDARSeg.
Brain and Covid-19: An Integrative Review

Introduction: December 2019, an outbreak of Severe Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome started in Wuhan, China. This injury spread rapidly until, in March 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared a pandemic. Although respiratory symptoms are more reported, there is also evidence of impairment of the nervous system. Among the main neurological symptoms reported, the following stand out: headache, vertigo, altered consciousness, encephalopathies, cerebrovascular disease and seizures. Objectives: The objective of this study is to describe, based on the current literature, the main evidence of brain involvement by COVID-19 and its clinical manifestations. Methodology: This is an integrative literature review, carried out through the following databases: PubMed, LILACS, BIREME. The searches were limited to articles from the year 2020, in English and Portuguese. For this search, were used the descriptors indexed in MESH and DeCS “BRAIN” or “CEREBRAL” or “BRAIN INJURIES” or “CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM” and “COVID-19” or “SARS-CoV-2”. Results: Through crossing of descriptors in the databases, and reverse search tools, 594 articles were found. Among these, 46 were selected to compose the sample. Discussion: Reports were found of patients with COVID-19 who had: benign intracranial hypertension, seizures, ischemic and hemorrhagic cerebrovascular diseases, acute necrotizing encephalopathy, Birkerstaff encephalitis, meningitis, and delirium. In addition, previous studies suggest that the involvement of the central nervous system by SARS-CoV-2 may induce an increase in neurodegenerative disorders in the future. Conclusion: It is a fact that the SARS-CoV-2 virus is capable of affecting the central nervous system. The clinical manifestations resulting from this are related to the greater severity of the condition, and a greater risk of unfavorable outcomes. Thus, it is imperative that the neurological examination of these patients is done extremely carefully, and that clinical findings are reported and not disregarded.
Did Globalization Lead to Segmentation? Identifying CrossCountry Growth Regimes in the LongRun, 18702003

Economic historians have stressed that income convergence was a key feature of the OECDclub and that globalization was among the accelerating forces of those process in the longrun. This view has however been challenged, since it su¤ers from an ad hoc selection of countries. In the paper, a mixture model is applied to a sample of 64 countries to endogenously identify the existence of crosscountry growth regimes over the period 18702003. Results show that growth patterns were segmented in two worldwide regimes, the rst one being characterized by convergence, and the other one denoted by divergence. This outcome is consistent with the predictions of recent growth theories. Interestingly, when three historical epochs are analyzed separately (18701913; 19131950; and 19502003), the dynamics which dominate over the whole period emerged only during the Second Global Wave. Therefore, history does not provide unambiguous evidence about globalization and growth. Keywords: Globalization; Economic growth; Income convergence; Multiple regimes; Mixture models. JEL Classi cations: C52, N10, O47. A previous version of the paper was presented at the 3rd Italian Congress of Econometrics and Empirical Economics, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, January 3031, 2009; and at the 3rd Sound Economic History Workshop, Gothenburg University, October 34, 2008. We wish to thank Jan Bohlin, Paul Sharp, Jacob Weisdorf and all the participants. We are also grateful to Jörg Baten, Oded Galor, Paolo Malanima and Joseph Zeira for useful comments and suggestions. Usual disclaimers apply. yCorresponding author. Faculty of Economics, LUISS Guido CarliUniversity. Address: Viale Romania 32, 00197 Roma, Italy. Tel. : +39 06 85225949. Fax: +39 06 5225919. E-Mail: gdivaio@luiss.it. zDepartment of Economics, Finance and Statistics. University of Perugia. Address: Via A. Pascoli 20, 06123 Perugia, Italy. xDepartment of Economic History, Lund University. Address: Box 70 83, 220 07 Lund, Sweden.
Extra Biliary Complications of Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy: A Retrospective Analysis in a Tertiary Care Hospital, Rajshahi, Bangladesh

Original Research Article Background: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy delivers a safer and effective treatment for the patients with symptomatic gallstones and has become the treatment of choice for many patients. In generally complications that occur with laparoscopic cholecystectomy, including bile duct injury, bile leaks, bleeding, and bowel injury, results in part from patient selection, surgical inexperience, and the technical constraints that are inherent to the minimally invasive approach. We have conducted this study to dig out the extra biliary complications of laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Aim of the study: The aim of this study was to evaluate the extra biliary complications of laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Methods: This was a retrospective analysis of extra-biliary complications and was conducted in the Department of –Surgery, Rajshahi Medical College Hospital, Rajshahi, Bangladesh during the period from January 2019 to December 2019. The study population included all the patients with symptomatic gallstone disease in whom laparoscopic cholecystectomy was performed. The extra-biliary complications were divided into two major categories: (i) Procedure related and (ii) Access related. Result: In this study we found the highest 1.86% participants were with port side bleeding and nearest 0.53% were with retained stones in port (Sepsis),. Then 0.27%, 0.53%, 0.27% and another 0.27% participants were with small bowel laceration sub-cutaneous emphysema, small bowel puncture and ascending colon laceration respectively. On the other hand the highest 2.13% participants were with bleeding through cystic artery and 0.80%, 0.53% 1.60%, 0.27% and 1.86% participants were with sub-capsular liver hematoma, duodenal perforation, bleeding from Gallbladder bed, colon perforation and stones spillage in peritoneal cavity respectively. In post-operative complications, we found pyoperitoneum 2(0.53%) and hemorrhage (Secondary, Reactionary) 4(1.06%). Conclusion: Through this study we observed that major extra-biliary complications are as frequent as the biliary complications and can be life-threatening. On the other hand an early diagnosis is critical to their management. The findings may be helpful in further similar studies.
Studies on the Mechanism of s-Triazine Resistance in Common Groundsel

The distribution of simazine [2-chloro-4,6-bis(ethylamino)-s-triazine] in whole plants and the effect of atrazine [2-chloro-4-(ethylamino)-6-(isopropylamino)-s-triazine] on isolated leaf cells and chloroplasts of two biotypes of common groundsel (Senecio vulgaris L.) were studied. Both biotypes accumulated 14C at the leaf margins 60 hr after exposure of roots to 14C-simazine. No difference in herbicide distribution between the two biotypes was observed. Atrazine (10 μM) inhibited photosynthesis, RNA synthesis, and lipid synthesis in isolated susceptible (S) cells but not resistant (R) cells. Lipid synthesis in S cells but not R cells was enhanced by exposure to 1 and 0.1 μM atrazine for 1 hr. Photochemical activity of R chloroplasts was not inhibited by atrazine but S chloroplasts were severely inhibited.
Use of secondary data analyses in research: Pros and Cons

What are secondary data? Secondary data refer to data that are collected by someone other than the user or are used for an additional purpose than the original one. A wide range of sources can be used as secondary data: censuses, information collected by government departments, organizational records and data that were originally collected for other research purposes [1-3]. Yee and Niemeier [4] discuss the benefits of longitudinal data as compared to repeated cross-sectional information.
Graphical Enumeration and Stained Glass Windows, 1: Rectangular Grids

A survey of enumeration problems arising from the study of graphs formed when the edges of a polygon are marked with evenly spaced points and every pair of points is joined by a line. A few of these problems have been solved, a classical example being the the graph K_n formed when all pairs of vertices of a regular n-gon are joined by chords, which was analyzed by Poonen and Rubinstein in 1998. Most of these problems are unsolved, however, and this two-part article provides data from a number of such problems as well as colored illustrations, which are often reminiscent of stained glass windows. The polygons considered include rectangles, hollow rectangles (or frames), triangles, pentagons, pentagrams, crosses, etc., as well as figures formed by drawing semicircles joining equally-spaced points on a line. %The paper ends with a brief discussion of the problem of how to %design aesthetically pleasing colorings for these graphs. This first part discusses rectangular grids. The 1 X n grids, or equally the graphs K_{n+1,n+1}, were studied by Legendre and Griffiths, and here we investigate the number of cells with a given number of edges and the number of nodes with a given degree. We have only partial results for the m X n rectangles, including upper bounds on the numbers of nodes and cells.
Presenting an Effective Method to Detect and Track the Broken Path in VANET Using UAVs

The routing process in vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) is a challenging task in urban areas which is due to the high mobility of vehicles, repetitive defects of the communication path, and the various barriers that may affect the reliability of data transmission and routing. Accordingly, the connectivity in vehicular communications has received the researchers’ attention, so different geographic routing protocols have been proposed in this respect. Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are useful for overcoming routing constraints. Cloud computing has also been defined as a new infrastructure for VANET which is made up of a significant number of computing nodes including stable data centers as well as a set of mobile computing devices embedded on vehicles. The aim of this research is to simulate a VANET in an urban area using cloud computing infrastructure and applying unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) so that the negative influence of barriers in packet delivery and routing is avoided. To evaluate, the proposed method is compared with the basic protocol ClouDiV. Ns-2 simulation results show that the proposed method outperforms with different densities and variable times in terms of efficiency and performance.
Research on Bearing Radiation Noise and Optimization Design Based on Coupled Vibro-Acoustic Method

In bearings research, noise is an important evaluation index for mechanical property, in particular in muting machinery technology. Environmental pollution caused by bearing noise has always been the focus in bearing industry. In this paper we consider: i) sliding incentive of the rolling element bearing, and ii) its own variable stiffness incentive, to: i) accomplish the vibration coupling between the bearing and bearing seat, and ii) the coupling between bearing vibration and noise. This is achieved by means of combination of: i) kinetic model, ii) FEM method and iii) BEM method. The aim is to: i) build a perfect coupled vibro-acoustic model of the bearing, and ii) compare the test results and numerical simulation results of the bearing vibration velocity in order to verify the feasibility of the simulation model. Then the noise is calculated by the simulation model. Based on this, the improved design was carried out for low-noise rolling bearings, and the feasibility of the improvement program was verified by means of simulation.
Expression Patterns of cry1Ab Gene in Progenies of "Kemingdao" and the Resistance to Striped Stem Borer

The expression patterns of cry1Ab gene and its resistance to striped stem borer in the different generations of progenies of "Kemingdao" were studied under field conditions The results indicated that the expression of cry1Ab gene in the progenies displayed certain temporal and spatial patterns The content of Cry1Ab protein in the leaves of main stem reached the highest at the booting stage and reached the lowest at the heading stage There was no significant difference in the content of Cry1Ab protein in the leaves during the different generations throughout the developmental stages except for the seedling stage The content of Cry1Ab protein varied in different positions in the main stems, the primary tillers and the secondary tillers The higher content of Cry1Ab protein was detected in the leaves, stems and leaf sheaths and the lower content in the roots The content of Cry1Ab protein differed in different leaf, leaf sheath and stem positions in the same main stem or tiller The in vitro bioassay and field natural infestation revealed high resistance of the progenies to striped stem borer, and the progenies of "Kemingdao" showed 100% mortality to newly hatched striped stem borer larvae
Reward Processing Modulates the Association Between Trauma Exposure and Externalizing Psychopathology

Childhood adversity is common and strongly associated with risk for psychopathology. Identifying factors that buffer children from experiencing psychopathology following adversity is critical for developing more effective intervention approaches. In the present study, we examined several behavioral metrics of reward processing reflecting global approach motivation for reward and the degree to which reward responses scaled with reward value (i.e., behavioral sensitivity to reward value) as potential moderators of the association of multiple dimensions of adversity—including trauma, caregiver neglect, and food insecurity—with depression and externalizing psychopathology in a sample of youths ages 8 to 16 (n = 132). Trauma exposure and externalizing problems were positively associated at low and moderate levels of reward reactivity, but this association became nonsignificant at high levels of reward reactivity. Our findings extend prior work by demonstrating that high behavioral sensitivity to reward value may buffer against externalizing problems following exposure to trauma.
The Semicircular Flow of the Data Economy and the Data Sharing Laffer curve

This paper presents a theoretical conceptualization of the data economy that motivates more access to data for scientific research. It defines the semicircular flow of the data economy as analogous to the traditional circular flow of the economy. Knowledge extraction from large, inter-connected data sets displays natural monopoly characteristics, which favours the emergence of oligopolistic data holders that generate and disclose the amount of knowledge that maximizes their profit. If monopoly theory holds, this level of knowledge is below the socially desirable amount because data holders have incentives to maintain their market power. The analogy is further developed to include data leakages, data sharing policies, merit and demerit knowledge, and knowledge injections. It draws a data sharing Laffer curve that defines optimal data sharing as the point where the production of merit knowledge is maximized. The theoretical framework seems to describe many features of the data-intensive economy of today, in which large-scale data holders specialize in extraction of knowledge from the data they hold. Conclusions support the use of policies to enhance data sharing and, or, enhanced user-centric data property rights to facilitate data flows in a manner that would increase merit knowledge generation up to the socially desirable amount.
Santé et de la Production Animales

Kidney lesions of dromedary camels were investigated in an observational cross-sectional survey in an abattoir in Maiduguri, Nigeria (January to March, 2017). The kidneys of 82 camels were collected after slaughter for gross and microscopic examination in order to identify lesions. The kidneys of two (2.4%) camels exhibited gross lesions with either pyo-nodular or granular subcapsular lesions which represented localized acute purulent interstitial nephritis or chronic fibrosing lyphoplasmocytic interstitial nephritis, respectively. The kidneys of 80 (97.6%) out of 82 camels with no apparent gross lesions had microscopic lesions in all the kidneys (100%). The microscopic lesions among all the camels (and their frequencies) were renal tubular degeneration and necrosis (100.0%), acute (13.4%) or chronic (6.1%) interstitial nephritis (19.5%), interstitial fibrosis (6.1%), proliferative (4.9%) or membranous (9.8%) glomerulonephritis, membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (1.2%) and glomerular atrophy (23.2%). In conclusion, kidney lesions were infrequently recognised as gross lesions among the dromedary camels, but microscopic lesions were commonly encountered as nephrosis or nephritides, suggesting that renal function assessment might be necessary in the routine dromedary health evaluations in local veterinary practices.
An Analysis of Information system based Organizational learning in Banking Sector: A Case Study of Allied Bank Limited in Pakistan

Due to rapid and unexpected development in Information technology, information system based Organizational learning is gaining popularity at individual and organizational level is developing. It is one of the cost effective, efficient, productive, flexible, convenient and personal methods of learning. The study was based on Information System Success Model and assessed employee’s overall performance in Allied Bank Limited (ABL). Data from three hundred and eighty employees of ABL was gathered who used information system based Organizational learning systems at their workplace and then analyzed the gathered data with Partial Least Square (PLS). Results indicated that information quality was in accordance with their perception and users are more satisfied with the quality of information. The significant relationship between perceived quality, system quality and user satisfaction influence the adoption of an information system based Organizational learning system. And In the case of system adoption, this behavioral intention is claimed to be a powerful determinant.