Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Quantification of Air Pollution in Kigali City and Its Environmental and Socio-Economic Impact in Rwanda

Reproducing the behavior of the mean variables that control the nocturnal atmospheric flow under very stable conditions is a very difficult task for atmospheric models. To understand the role of the surface scheme, turbulence scheme and radiation scheme on the performance of a single column model, its predictions are compared to observations collected at a very stable site located in deforested region in Amazon. The surface scheme takes on consideration the rapid changes in the surface energy budget caused by the presence of a vegetated layer over the soil. The turbulence scheme uses four different formulations for the mixing length. Two of them allow the existence of turbulence over the critical Richardson number, while the other two restrict dramatically the turbulence activity in those situations. The radiative scheme considers a clear sky condition, and evaluates the radiative flux divergence between 3 levels within the vertical domain: near the surface, at the domain top, and at the middle point between them. The predictions of all mixing length formulations are very similar to the observed data near the surface, indicating that in this region the surface plays a crucial role. At upper levels the most turbulent formulations lead to better results. This is a consequence of atmospheric decoupling when the turbulence is completely suppressed, which leads to colder results near the surface and warmer results aloft. The radiative scheme reproduces quite well the temperature decay above the boundary layer for all cases, in spite of its simplicity. On the other hand, the comparison between modeled and observed humidity profiles shows that it is necessary to improve the model by including a more complete scheme for humidity and by adding a advection scheme to it.
Effect of the nurse-led program on blood glucose control and microalbuminuria development in type 2 diabetic populations

Current study was to evaluate whether the nurse-led program can improve glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) control and reduce the incidence of microalbuminuria in type 2 diabetic mellitus (DM2) populations. A total of 150 DM2 subjects were randomly assigned to the usual-care group and nurse-led program group. Study endpoints included the HbA1c value, the percentage of subjects with HbA1c < 7.0%, the incidence of microalbuminuria, and the rate of adhering to antidiabetic drug at 6 months’ follow-up. At baseline, there was no difference in fasting plasma glucose, HbA1c, proportion of subjects with HbA1c < 7.0%, the use of antidiabetic drug, and urinary albumin-creatinine ratio between these two groups. After 6 months’ follow-up, the mean fasting plasma glucose and HbA1c were lower in the nurse-led program group, as was the proportion of subjects with HbA1c < 7.0%. The median urinary albumin-creatinine ratio and rate of incident microalbuminuria were also lower in the nurse-led program. The nurse-led program was associated with higher odds of achieving HbA1c < 7.0% and a lower incidence of microalbuminuria. After adjusted for covariates, the nurse-led program was still associated with 32% higher odds of achieving HbA1c < 7.0% and 11% lower incidence of microalbuminuria. These benefits were consistent by sex and age, while greater in those with obesity or hypertension (P interaction < .05). The nurse-led program is beneficial for blood glucose control and prevention of microalbuminuria.
Morphological characterization and epidemiological studies of summer squash (Cucurbita pepo) powdery mildew

Samples of powdery mildew of summer squash (Cucurbita pepo L.) collected from Solan, Shimla, Hamirpur and Kinnaur districts of Himachal Pradesh during 2017-18 revealed the presence of anamorphs, whereas the cool and dry temperate region of district Kinnaur showed the occurrence of both teleomorphic and anamorphic stages of powdery mildew on summer squash. Present studies constitute the first report of cleistothecial occurrence on summer squash under Indian conditions. Based on anamorphic characters like ellipsoidal conidia, presence of fibrosin bodies and germinating conidia produced both simple and forked germ tubes without appressorium and teleomorphic characters like cleistothecia with myceloid appendages, single ascus with eight ascospores the associated pathogen was identified as Sphaerotheca fuliginea (Schlecht.) Pollaci. Maximum conidial germination was observed at 25° temperature and 100% relative humidity. The development of powdery mildew disease was significantly favored at moderate temperature coupled with high relative humidity and cumulative rainfall.
Distance-based analysis of dynamical systems and time series by optimal transport

The concept of distance is a fundamental notion that forms a basis for the orientation in space. It is related to the scientific measurement process: quantitative measurements result in numerical values, and these can be immediately translated into distances. Vice versa, a set of mutual distances defines an abstract Euclidean space. Each system is thereby represented as a point, whose Euclidean distances approximate the original distances as close as possible. If the original distance measures interesting properties, these can be found back as interesting patterns in this space. This idea is applied to complex systems: The act of breathing, the structure and activity of the brain, and dynamical systems and time series in general. In all these situations, optimal transportation distances are used; these measure how much work is needed to transform one probability distribution into another. The reconstructed Euclidean space then permits to apply multivariate statistical methods. In particular, canonical discriminant analysis makes it possible to distinguish between distinct classes of systems, e.g., between healthy and diseased lungs. This offers new diagnostic perspectives in the assessment of lung and brain diseases, and also offers a new approach to numerical bifurcation analysis and to quantify synchronization in dynamical systems.
CHARACTERIZATION OF STELLAR SPOTS IN NEXT-GENERATION MICROLENSING SURVEYS

One of the important microlensing applications to stellar atmospheres is the study of spots on stellar surfaces provided by the high resolution of caustic-crossing binary-lens events. In this paper, we investigate the characteristics of spot-induced perturbations in microlensing light curves and explain the physical background of the characteristics. We explore the variation of the spot-induced perturbations depending on various parameters characterizing the spot and investigate how well these parameters can be retrieved from observations in high-cadence future lensing surveys. From this, we find that although it would not be easy to precisely constrain the shape and the surface brightness contrast, the size and location of the spot on the stellar surface can be fairly well constrained from the analysis of lensing light curves.
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ECONOMIC GROWTH AND POVERTY IN INDONESIA

Economic growth is one of the main parameters to evaluate a country’s development efficiency. The higher the economic growth, the more productive and advanced the country will be. On the other hand, economic growth is also a strategic step to reduce poverty, which has always been an urgent problem in various parts of the world. Therefore, economic growth is needed to prosper the community through equitable economic growth. The purpose of this paper is to analyze economic growth against poverty. Data analysis used the literature review method from articles sourced from the Science and Technology Index (SINTA). The analysis is based on the latest findings on economic growth and poverty in Indonesia over the last decade. Research findings reveal that the synthesis of economic growth impacts reducing poverty in Indonesia. Furthermore, suppose economic growth is evenly distributed at all levels of society. In that case, the role of government is fair, honest, and responsible. As a result, the competence of human resources increases, and job opportunities will be wide open to absorb workers, positively impacting poverty in Indonesia.
A novel diffusion process with jumps to study an electronic-optical edge router

: The article presents a diffusion approximation model applied to investigate the process of ﬁlling a large optical packet by smaller and coming irregularly electronic packets. The use of diffusion approximation enables us to include the general distributions of interarrival times, also the self-similarity of the input process, as well as to investigate transient states. We propose a novel diffusion process with jumps representing the end of the ﬁlling the buffer due to arrival of too large packet and we give the transient solution to this process. The model allows us to study the distribution of interdeparture times and the distribution of the space occupied in the optical packet.
Effects of Quercetin on the Intestinal Microflora of Freshwater Dark Sleeper Odontobutis potamophila

Flavonoids have antimicrobial and anti-oxidation properties. The effects of the flavonoid quercetin on the intestinal microflora of freshwater dark sleeper Odontobutis potamophila were tested for the first time. Odontobutis potamophila juveniles were treated with quercetin for 21 days at one of three concentrations (2.5, 5.0, or 10.0 mg/L) and compared with a control group that was not treated with quercetin. Quercetin improved the stability of the intestinal flora in O. potamophila and the probiotic bacteria Bacillus spp. and Lactobacillus spp. increased in species abundance after the low concentration quercetin treatments. Furthermore, the abundance of pathogenic bacteria Plesiomonas spp. , Aeromonas spp. , and Shewanella spp. decreased after the fish had been exposed to quercetin. Activity of hepatic antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, SOD), (glutathione S-transferase, GST), (glutathione peroxidase, GSH-Px), and (total antioxidant capacity, T-AOC) increased in the livers of O. potamophila treated with quercetin, thereby increasing their hepatic antioxidant capacity and their ability to scavenge free radicals.
HERSCHEL-SPIRE IMAGING SPECTROSCOPY OF MOLECULAR GAS IN M82

We present new Herschel-SPIRE imaging spectroscopy (194–671 μm) of the bright starburst galaxy M82. Covering the CO ladder from J = 4 → 3 to J = 13 → 12, spectra were obtained at multiple positions for a fully sampled ∼3 × 3 arcmin map, including a longer exposure at the central position. We present measurements of 12CO, 13CO, [C i], [N ii], HCN, and HCO+ in emission, along with OH+, H2O+, and HF in absorption and H2O in both emission and absorption, with discussion. We use a radiative transfer code and Bayesian likelihood analysis to model the temperature, density, column density, and filling factor of multiple components of molecular gas traced by 12CO and 13CO, adding further evidence to the high-J lines tracing a much warmer (∼500 K), less massive component than the low-J lines. The addition of 13CO (and [C i]) is new and indicates that [C i] may be tracing different gas than 12CO. No temperature/density gradients can be inferred from the map, indicating that the single-pointing spectrum is descriptive of the bulk properties of the galaxy. At such a high temperature, cooling is dominated by molecular hydrogen. Photon-dominated region (PDR) models require higher densities than those indicated by our Bayesian likelihood analysis in order to explain the high-J CO line ratios, though cosmic-ray-enhanced PDR models can do a better job reproducing the emission at lower densities. Shocks and turbulent heating are likely required to explain the bright high-J emission.
The distance to the C component of I Zw 18 and its star formation history - A probabilistic approach

Aims. We analyzed the resolved stellar population of the C component of the extremely metal-poor dwarf galaxy I Zw18 in order to evaluate its distance and star formation history as accurately as possible. In particular, we aimed at answering the question of whether this stellar population is young. Methods. We developed a probabilistic approach to analyzing high-quality photometric data obtained with the Advanced Camera for Surveys of the Hubble Space Telescope. This approach gives a detailed account of the various stochastic aspects of star formation. We carried out two successive models of the stellar population of interest, paying attention to how our assumptions could affect the results. Results. We found a distance to the C component of I Zw 18 as high as 27 Mpc, a significantly higher value than those cited in previous works. The star formation history we inferred from the observational data shows various interesting features: a strong starburst that lasted for about 15 Myr, a more moderate one that occurred ≈100 Myr ago, a continuous process of star formation between both starbursts, and a possible episode of low level star formation at ages over 100 Myr. The stellar population studied is likely ≈125 Myr old, although ages of a few Gyr cannot be ruled out. Furthermore, nearly all the stars were formed in the last few hundreds of Myr.
POLICY ANALYSIS OF THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE COMMUNITY ACTIVITIES RESTRICTIONS ENFORCEMENT (CARE) ON SMALL AND MEDIUM ENTERPRISES IN MEDAN CITY

Covid 19 destroys the joints of life including the economy. To suppress the spread of the COVID-19 virus, several countries have implemented various policies, including Indonesia. Indonesia implements the policy of The Community Activities Restrictions Enforcement (CARE) which also has an impact on the economy. This study aims to determine the impact of The CARE policies on SMEs and the strategies carried out by SMEs during the implementation of The CARE. This research is descriptive research with a qualitative approach. Methods of data collection are done by interview, observation, and documentation. Interviews were conducted with SME associations, SMEs actors, and SMEs regulators. The data analysis technique was carried out by data reduction, data display, and concluding. The data validity technique is done by triangulation of sources and member check. Based on the results of the study, it is known the impact of The CARE policy on SMEs in the city of Medan, namely decreased sales, decreased supplies of materials, layoffs, increased online transactions, and increased innovation. And the strategies carried out by SMEs in the city of Medan during the CARE period were digital marketing, the use of e-commerce, product and service diversification, product quality improvement, and customer relationship marketing.
Gamma-Ray Bursts are precise distance indicators similar to Type Ia Supernovae?

We estimate the distance modulus to long gamma-ray bursts (LGRBs) using the Type I Fundamental Plane, a correlation between the spectral peak energy $E_{\rm p}$, the peak luminosity $L_{\rm p}$, and the luminosity time $T_{\rm L}$ ($\equiv E_{\rm iso}/L_{\rm p}$ where $E_{\rm iso}$ is isotropic energy) for small Absolute Deviation from Constant Luminosity(ADCL). The Type I Fundamental Plane of LGRBs is calibrated using 8 LGRBs with redshift $z 1.4$) to 557 SNeIa distance moduli ($z<1.4$) significantly improves the constraint for non-flat $\Lambda$CDM universe from ($\Omega_{\rm M}, \Omega_{\rm \Lambda}$)=($0.29\pm0.10$, $0.76\pm0.13$) for SNeIa only to ($\Omega_{\rm M}, \Omega_{\rm \Lambda}$)=($0.23\pm0.06$, $0.68\pm0.08$) for SNeIa and 9 LGRBs.
Extended optical emission around radio-loud quasars at Z of about 1

Long-slit optical spectroscopy of a sample of 18 radio-loud quasars, 17 of which have redshifts z > 0.925, are presented. They are compared with 3C 281, a quasar at z = 0.599, which has [O II] λ3727 and [O III] λ5007 emission extending to 70 kpc from the quasar nucleus. Five quasars at z ∼ 1 have extended line or continuum emission. The pressure of the extended line-emitting gas around these quasars is shown to exceed 4 × 10 6 cm −3 K within 20 kpc of the quasars. It is argued that the line-emitting gas is in pressure equilibrium with a hot intracluster medium, the short cooling time of which implies that cooled gas is being deposited around the quasars at rates of ∼1000 M ⊙ /yr
EEFED: Personalized Federated Learning of Execution&Evaluation Dual Network for CPS Intrusion Detection

In the modern interconnected world, intelligent networks and computing technologies are increasingly being incorporated in industrial systems. However, this adoption of advanced technology has resulted in increased cyber threats to cyber-physical systems. Existing intrusion detection systems are continually challenged by constantly evolving cyber threats. Machine learning algorithms have been applied for intrusion detection. In these techniques, a classification model is trained by learning cyber behavior patterns. However, these models typically require considerable high-quality datasets. Limited attack samples are available because of the unpredictability and constant evolution of cyber threats. To address these problems, we propose a novel federated Execution & Evaluation dual network framework (EEFED), which allows multiple federal participants to personalize their local detection models undermining the original purpose of Federated Learning. Thus, a general global detection model was developed for collaboratively improving the performance of a single local model against cyberattacks. The proposed personalized update algorithm and the optimizing backtracking parameters replacement policy effectively reduced the negative influence of federated learning in imbalanced and non-i.i. d distribution of data. The proposed method improved model stability. Furthermore, extensive experiments conducted on a network dataset in various cyber scenarios revealed that the proposed method outperformed single model and state-of-the-art methods.
Intensity mapping cross-correlations: connecting the largest scales to galaxy evolution

Intensity mapping of the neutral hydrogen (HI) is a new observational tool that can be used to efficiently map the large-scale structure of the Universe over wide redshift ranges. The power spectrum of the intensity maps contains cosmological information on the matter distribution and probes galaxy evolution by tracing the HI content of galaxies at different redshifts and the scale-dependence of HI clustering. The cross-correlation of intensity maps with galaxy surveys is a robust measure of the power spectrum which diminishes systematics caused by instrumental effects and foreground removal. We examine the cross-correlation signature at redshift z=0.9 using a variant of the semi-analytical galaxy formation model SAGE (Croton et al. 2016) applied to the Millennium simulation in order to model the HI gas of galaxies as well as their optical magnitudes based on their star-formation history. We determine the clustering of the cross-correlation power for different types of galaxies determined by their colours, acting as a proxy for their star-formation activity. We find that the cross-correlation coefficient for red quiescent galaxies falls off more quickly on smaller scales k>0.2h/Mpc than for blue star-forming galaxies. Additionally, we create a mock catalogue of highly star-forming galaxies using a selection function to mimic the WiggleZ survey, and use this to predict existing and future cross-correlation measurements of the GBT and Parkes telescope. We find that the cross-power of highly star-forming galaxies shows a higher clustering on small scales than any other galaxy type and that this significantly alters the power spectrum shape on scales k>0.2h/Mpc. We show that the cross-correlation coefficient is not negligible when interpreting the cosmological cross-power spectrum. On the other hand, it contains information about the HI content of the optically selected galaxies.
Superfluidity and Phase Correlations of Driven Dissipative Condensates

We review recent results on the coherence and superfluidity of driven dissipative condensates, i.e., systems of weakly interacting nonconserved bosons, such as polariton condensates. The presence of driving and dissipation has dramatically different effects depending on dimensionality and anisotropy. In three dimensions, equilibrium behaviour is recovered at large scales for static correlations, while the dynamical behaviour is altered by the microscopic driving. In two dimensions, for an isotropic system, drive and dissipation destroy the algebraic order that would otherwise exist; however, a sufficiently anisotropic system can still show algebraic phase correlations. We discuss the consequences of this behaviour for recent experiments measuring phase coherence and outline potential measurements that might directly probe superfluidity. Introduction This chapter is dedicated to superfluidity and its relation to Bose-Einstein condensation (BEC), a topic with a long history. Many reviews of the concepts of condensation and superfluidity in thermal equilibrium can be found; see for example Refs. [1, 2, 3, 4]. The focus of this chapter is on how these concepts apply (or fail to apply) to driven dissipative condensates – systems of bosons with a finite lifetime, in which loss is balanced by continuous pumping. We focus entirely on the steady state of such systems, neglecting transient, time-dependent behaviour. Experimentally, the most studied example of a driven dissipative condensate has been microcavity polaritons, an overview of which is given in Ref. [5] and Chapter 4. However, similar issues can arise in many other systems, most obviously photon condensates [6] (see also Chapter 19), magnon condensates [7] (see also Chapters 25–26), and potentially exciton condensates (although typical exciton lifetimes are much longer than for polaritons). Even experiments on cold atoms (see, e.g., Chapter 3) could be driven into a regime in which such physics occurs, when considering continuous loading of atoms balancing threebody losses [8] or atom laser setups [9, 10, 11]. Experiments on polaritons are two-dimensional, and in two dimensions it is particularly important to clearly distinguish three concepts often erroneously treated as equivalent: superfluidity, condensation, and phase coherence. This is because no true Bose-Einstein condensate exists in a homogeneous two-dimensional system.
Quantification of underwater calling and foraging activities in the African clawed frog Xenopus laevis

Aquatic anuran species are difficult to detect and observe and this is a major limit to the study of their behaviour and ecology. This habit limits the direct monitoring of sexual and foraging activity, and the investigation of how environmental factors influence their expression as well as how individuals allocate time between competing activities. We investigated this issue in Xenopus laevis, a mostly aquatic frog that forages and emits calls underwater. This model species in biology has been extensively studied in the lab but its behaviour in nature remains poorly described. We carried out a study in a pond during the breeding season in the French invasive range. We recorded underwater vocal activity as a proxy for sexual activity using a hydrophone, set food-baited traps to quantify foraging activity, and recorded environmental conditions (moonlight intensity, temperature and rainfall) over two lunar cycles. We found that individuals engage in these two activities during the breeding season. At the peak of the breeding period, vocal activity was expressed during the day. The investment in reproduction (calling activity) may reduce the time allocated to foraging on a circadian scale. The two activities seem to be partitioned depending on moonlight intensity, with a stronger effect on males. Foraging activity decreased and vocal activity increased when moonlight intensity increased. We also observed a negative effect of temperature and a positive effect of rainfall on vocal activity only. Our method is promising to monitor the activity of other aquatic anurans.