Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Kelps in Korea: from population structure to aquaculture to potential carbon sequestration

Korea is one of the most advanced countries in kelp aquaculture. The brown algae, Undaria pinnatifida and Saccha-rina japonica are major aquaculture species and have been principally utilized for human food and abalone feed in Korea. This review discusses the diversity, population structure and genomics of kelps. In addition, we have introduced new cultivar development efforts considering climate change, and potential carbon sequestration of kelp aquaculture in Korea. U. pinnatifida showed high diversity within the natural populations but reduced genetic diversity in cultivars. However, very few studies of S. japonica have been conducted in terms of population structure. Since studies on cultivar development began in early 2000s, five U. pinnatifida and one S. japonica varieties have been registered to the International Union for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants (UPOV). To meet the demands for seaweed biomass in various industries, more cultivars should be developed with specific traits to meet application demands. Additionally, cultivation technologies should be diversified, such as integrated multi-trophic aquaculture (IMTA) and offshore aquaculture, to achieve environmental and economic sustainability. These kelps are anticipated to be important sources of blue carbon in Korea.
preg-Validating the female fertility estimated breeding value in Australian commercial dairy herds

We conducted a retrospective cohort study to validate the efficacy of the Australian multitrait fertility estimated breeding value (EBV). We did this by determining its associations with phenotypic measures of reproductive performance (i.e., submission rate, first service conception rate, and early calving). Our secondary aim was to report the associations between these reproductive outcomes and management and climate-related factors hypothesized to affect fertility. Our study population included 38 pasture-based dairy herds from the northern Victorian irrigation region in Australia. We collected records for 86,974 cows with 219,156 lactations and 438,578 mating events from the date on which managers started herd recording until December 2016, comprising both fertility-related data such as insemination records, calving dates, and pregnancy test results, and systems-related data such as production, herd size, and calving pattern. We also collected hourly data from 2004 to 2017 from the closest available weather station to account for climate-related factors (i.e., temperature humidity index; THI). Multilevel Cox proportional hazard models were used to analyze time-to-event outcomes (days to first service, days to cow calving following the planned herd calving start date), and multilevel logistic regression models for binomial outcomes (conception to first service) in the Holstein-Friesian and Jersey breeds. A 1-unit increase in daughter fertility EBV was associated with a 5.4 and 8.2% increase in the daily hazard of calving in the Holstein-Friesian and Jersey breeds respectively. These are relative increases (i.e., a Holstein-Friesian herd with a 60% 6-wk in-calf rate would see an improvement to 63.2% with a 1-unit increase in herd fertility EBV). Similar results were obtained for submission and conception rate. Associations between 120-d milk yield and reproductive outcome were
An Overview of the Potential Eﬀects of Melatonin Supplementation on Athletic Performance

Context: Melatonin is a hormone synthesized principally in the pineal gland that has been classically associated with endocrine actions. Exogenous melatonin is often used to treat insomnia and enhance sleep quality in a range of situations, including jet lag. However, the beneﬁt and safety proﬁle of daytime melatonin dosing prior to exercise are unknown and warrant additional exploration. Objectives: We aimed to give (i) a brief overview of the beneﬁcial eﬀects of exogenous melatonin administration on sports performance and (ii) some recommendations for acute use of melatonin with a special focus on humans’ physical activity and athletic performance. Evidence Acquisition: To ascertain the eﬀect of exogenous melatonin administration on humans, a systematic search of the literature was undertaken using PubMed, ScienceDirect, Medline, Google Scholar, and Scopus. Numerous studies in animals have demonstrated the positive impact of melatonin treatment during physical exercise. However, uncertainty remains regarding exogenous melatonin administration on human’s physical performance. Therefore, the present review focuses almost entirely on data obtained from humans. Results: The gathered data indicate that consuming melatonin at night improves sleep quality. In terms of physical activity and sports performance, previous research has demonstrated that melatonin administration has a good eﬀect on decreasing oxidative stressandinﬂammationinducedbyexercise. However,insomespeciﬁcsituations,thedailyadministrationof melatoninmayhave an unfavourable inﬂuence on performance during acute and strenuous exercise. Conclusions: Exogenous melatonin administration prior to exercise shows signiﬁcant chronobiotic, antioxidant, antiadrenergic, and hypothermic eﬀects and may represent a fascinating potential weight loss method. However, consuming a high amount of melatonin(6mg)50minutespriortocommencingexerciseisnotrecommendedasitmayinterferewiththephysiologicalreactions to physical activity. Melatonin-related adverse eﬀects were mainly transient and were associated with daytime doses. Melatonin should therefore be consumed at night whenever possible.
The Relationship between Maternal Perinatal Depression and Offspring Depression: A Meta-Analysis

Background : Antepartum depression, with an incidence of 20.7%, is a pressing global public health concern due to its detrimental effects on both the physical and mental health of pregnant women, as well as the potential risk it poses for depression in their offspring. Nevertheless, there is a lack of consensus among existing studies regarding this issue. Here, we systematically evaluated the relationship between maternal perinatal depression and offspring depression by meta-analysis. Methods : We conducted a comprehensive search for relevant studies in Pubmed, Embase, The Cochrane Library, CNKI, Wanfang, VIP, and Chinese Biomedical Literature Service System databases. The prospective cohort studies, which were published in English or Chinese, reported the occurrence of maternal prenatal and/or postnatal depression within one year postpartum and assessed the subsequent development of depression in their offspring, were included. Study quality was assessed with the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Review Manager 5.4 software was used for meta-analysis. Subgroup analysis was performed. Publication bias was evaluated with a funnel plot. Results : Totally, 12 studies were included. The meta-analysis found that maternal perinatal depression increased the risk of offspring depression by 1.64 (95% confidence interval (95% CI): 1.37, 1.96, p < 0.001). Subgroup analysis showed that the risk of offspring depression was significantly increased in the European population with maternal perinatal depression (odds ratio (OR) = 1.90, 95% CI (1.49, 2.42), p < 0.001), but not in the Australian and the American populations. The combined effect sizes of maternal antepartum and postpartum depression were (OR = 1.70, 95% CI (1.27, 2.27), p < 0.001) and (OR = 1.74, 95% CI (1.31, 2.32), p < 0.001), respectively. The combined effect size of the relationship of maternal perinatal depression with offspring depression in childhood and adulthood was (OR = 1.70, 95% CI (1.28, 2.25), p < 0.001) and (OR = 1.60, 95% CI (1.27, 2.02), p < 0.001), respectively. The adjusted and unadjusted combined effect sizes were (OR = 1.44, 95% CI (1.14, 1.82), p < 0.001) and (OR = 1.97, 95% CI (1.49, 2.60), p < 0.001), respectively. There may be some publication bias in the included studies. Conclusions : Maternal perinatal depression is associated with an increased risk of depression in offspring. Effective prevention and management of depression in perinatal women is necessary to mitigate the risk of depression in offspring.
Seaweed Antioxidants as Novel Ingredients for Better Health and Food Quality: Bangladesh Prospective

: The known medicinal effects of seaweeds have been known for thousands of years. Also, a wide range of recent studies have described the high antioxidant capacity of a range of edible seaweeds. In this review article, the application of seaweed antioxidants in foods, food supplements, nutraceuticals and (cid:80)(cid:72)(cid:71)(cid:76)(cid:70)(cid:76)(cid:81)(cid:72)(cid:3)(cid:76)(cid:86)(cid:3)(cid:70)(cid:82)(cid:81)(cid:86)(cid:76)(cid:71)(cid:72)(cid:85)(cid:72)(cid:71)(cid:3)(cid:73)(cid:85)(cid:82)(cid:80)(cid:3)(cid:87)(cid:75)(cid:72)(cid:3)(cid:83)(cid:72)(cid:85)(cid:86)(cid:83)(cid:72)(cid:70)(cid:87)(cid:76)(cid:89)(cid:72)(cid:3)(cid:82)(cid:73)(cid:3)(cid:69)(cid:72)(cid:81)(cid:72)(cid:191)(cid:87)(cid:86)(cid:3)(cid:87)(cid:82)(cid:3)(cid:75)(cid:88)(cid:80)(cid:68)(cid:81)(cid:3)(cid:75)(cid:72)(cid:68)(cid:79)(cid:87)(cid:75)(cid:17)(cid:3)(cid:55)(cid:75)(cid:72)(cid:3)(cid:88)(cid:81)(cid:71)(cid:72)(cid:85)(cid:79)(cid:92)(cid:76)(cid:81)(cid:74)(cid:3)(cid:83)(cid:75)(cid:92)(cid:86)(cid:76)(cid:82)(cid:79)(cid:82)(cid:74)(cid:92)(cid:3)(cid:82)(cid:73)(cid:3)(cid:68)(cid:79)(cid:74)(cid:68)(cid:79)(cid:3)
Local Anaesthetic Injection in to Both Angles of Rectus Sheath Local Anaesthetic Injection in to Both Angles of Rectus Sheath Incision for Post-Operative Pain Relief in Cesarean Delivery Have Incision for Post-Operative Pain Relief in Cesarean Delivery Have

Background : Use of CS for delivery is becoming more common, & it is now one of the most common major operative procedures done worldwide. Prolonged pain decreases physical activity & rises the risk of deep vein thrombosis & subsequent pulmonary embolism. Aim and objectives : To determine the bene ﬁ t and ef ﬁ cacy of injection of local anesthetic ‘ Bupivacaine ' in both angles of the rectus sheath incision aiming to block ilioinguinal and iliohypogastric nerves bilaterally to reduce postoperative pain after caesarean section. Subjects & methods : Research is prospective randomized double-blind controlled research, showed at luxor general hospital, gynecology and obstetrics department, on 100 participants divided into 2 groups: (Group A): included 50 patients will receive local anesthetic (10 ml Bupivacaine 0.5%) in each angle of rectus sheath incision, (Group B): included 50 patients will receive local anesthetic (10 ml Bupivacaine 0.5%) in the right angle of rectus sheath and normal saline in the left angle of rectus sheath incision. Result : The analgesic request time was statistically signi ﬁ cant longer among group A than group B. The ambulation time was important shorter among group A than group B. Conclusion : This study concluded that local anesthetic ‘ bupivacaine ' injection in both angles of the rectus sheath incision to block ilioinguinal and iliohypogastric nerves bilaterally is an effective method to reduce postoperative pain & analgesic consumption after caesarean section in the studied cases receiving general anesthesia and also decrease postoperative nausea and vomiting side effects.
The Impact of Dual and Triple Energy Window Scatter Correction on I-123 Postsurgical Thyroid SPECT/CT Imaging Using a Phantom with Small Sizes of Thyroid Remnants

I-123 is preferential over I-131 for diagnostic SPECT imaging after a thyroidectomy to determine the presence and size of residual thyroid tissue for radioiodine ablation. Scattering degrades the quality of I-123 SPECT images, primarily due to the penetration of high-energy photons into the main photopeak. The objective of this study was to quantitatively and qualitatively investigate the impact of two widely used window-based scatter correction techniques, the dual energy window (DEW) and triple energy window (TEW) techniques, in I-123 postsurgical SPECT/CT thyroid imaging using an anthropomorphic phantom with small sizes of remnants and anatomically correct surrounding structures. For this purpose, non-scatter-corrected, DEW and TEW scatter-corrected SPECT/CT acquisitions were performed for 0.5–10 mL remnants within a phantom, with 0.5–12.6 MBq administered activities within the remnants, and without and with background-to-remnant activity ratios of 5% and 10%. The decrease in photons, the noise and non-uniformity in the background region due to scatter correction were measured, as well as the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and the contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) from small remnants. The images were also visually evaluated by two experienced nuclear medicine physicians. Scatter correction decreased photons to a higher extent in larger regions than smaller regions. Larger remnants yielded higher SNR and CNR values, particularly at lower background activities. It was found from the quantitative analysis and the qualitative evaluation that TEW scatter correction performed better than DEW scatter correction, particularly at higher background activities, while no significant differences were reported at lower background activities. Scatter correction should be applied in I-123 postsurgical SPECT/CT imaging to improve the image contrast and detectability of small remnants within the background.
The effect of negative emotion processing on spatial navigation: an experimental study using virtual reality

Finding one’s way in unfamiliar environments is an essential ability. When navigating, people are overwhelmed with an enormous amount of information. However, some information might be more relevant than others. Despite the mounting knowledge about the mechanisms underlying orientational skills, and the notable effects of facial emotions on human behavior, little is known about emotions’ effects on spatial navigation. Hereby, this study aimed to explore how exposure to others’ negative emotional facial expressions affects wayfinding performances. Moreover, gender differences that characterize both processes were considered. Fifty-five participants (31 females) entered twice in three realistic virtual reality environments: the first time, to encode a route to find an object and then to recall the learned path to reach the same object again. In between the two explorations of the virtual environment, participants were asked to undergo a gender categorization task during which they were exposed to sixty faces showing either neutral, fearful, or angry expressions. Results showed a significant interaction between emotions, time, and gender. In particular, the exposition to fearful faces, but not angry and neutral ones, decreased males’ wayfinding performances (i.e., travel times and distance travelled), while females’ performances were unaffected. Possible explanations for such gender and emotional dissimilarities are discussed.
Forage sources in total mixed rations early in life influences performance, metabolites, and behaviour of dairy calves.

The objective of this study was to evaluate effects of forage inclusion and sources on performance, metabolism, and feeding behavior of dairy calves. Forty-eight Holstein calves were blocked and randomly assigned to 1 of 4 dietary treatments according to sex, and body weight (BW) at 28 d of life to determine the effects of feeding forage sources (ensiled and dry), with different quality on performance, metabolites, and behavior. Treatments consisted of a no-forage coarsely ground starter (CON); or total mixed ration containing 7.5% on DM basis of Tifton hay of either medium quality (MH) or low quality (LH); or 10% on DM basis of corn silage (CS). During the first 28 d of life, all calves received 3 L of whole milk twice daily, a commercial pelleted starter and no forage, and water ad libitum. After that, the solid diet was changed to the respective dietary treatments. Calves were gradually weaned from 52 to 56 d of age, and followed for 14 d post-weaning. Individual solid feed and milk intakes were recorded daily, and BW and metabolic indicators of intermediate metabolism were recorded weekly. Behavior was recorded, and the analysis was conducted on wk 7 (preweaning) and 10 (post-weaning). Solid feed intake increased at wk 7 and 8 when MH, LH, and CS were included in TMR; the same results were observed post-weaning. The diets did not affect the average daily gain and body weight, but the feed efficiency increased with the CON diet. The β-hydroxybutyrate concentration was greater in calves receiving TMR containing forage than CON diet. Furthermore, calves supplemented with forage had a greater rumination time. In conclusion, all forage sources included in the TMR showed feed intake and behavior benefits, reinforcing the need for fiber from forage in pre- and post-weaning diets.
Plurihormonal Pituitary Neuroendocrine Tumors: Clinical Relevance of Immunohistochemical Analysis

Plurihormonal pituitary neuroendocrine tumors (PitNETs) are rare forms of tumors that express more than one hormone. The most common association is between growth hormone (GH) and prolactin (PRL), but other unusual combinations have been reported, such as GH and ACTH. Usually, the clinical dominance in these cases is related to GH hypersecretion. In these cases, immunohistochemistry (IHC) of transcription factors (TFs) is very useful for an accurate diagnosis. We included 42 patients diagnosed with pituitary neuroendocrine tumors (PitNETs): 37 patients with a confirmed diagnosis of acromegaly, and 5 patients with prolactinomas. All patients underwent transsphenoidal surgical intervention. We correlated the immunohistochemical features of plurihormonal PitNETs with clinical, hormonal, and imaging data. Tumor specimens were histologically and immunohistochemically examined. Based on the 2022 WHO classification, using IHC, 13 patients exhibited positive staining for more than one hormone, while unusual combinations like GH + ACTH and PRL + ACTH were also identified in other cases. Unusual cell combinations that produce hormones unrelated histogenetically, biochemically, or through regulatory mechanisms can appear and may display aggressive behavior, persistent disease, and high recurrence. We have not identified a clear correlation with the prognosis of these rare PitNETs.
Students’ English Learning Strategies Assisted with e-Resources in Blended Learning

Blended learning yields some challenges and difficulties for learners, and they should have an appropriate strategy to deal with the use of e-resources. This research aimed at: (1) explaining the various learning strategies used by students to learn English using e-resources in blended learning, and (2) determining the factors that influence their choice of these strategies. The researcher used descriptive-quantitative methods in this study, with the participants involving 2 universities. The SILL questionnaire and interviews were used to collect the data. The results showed that the participants mostly used the metacognitive method, with an average of 3.86. The study also revealed that students used five other methods, including cognitive (M = 3.35), compensation (M = 3.34), affective (M = 3.20), social (M = 3.16), and memory (M = 3.14). Moreover, students’ use of these strategies was influenced by some factors, including motivation to learn English, learning style, and ease of learning. In conclusion, the various strategies employed for learning English were different, as were the factors influencing strategy selection by each participant. This research provides meaningful insights into how the blended learning can be boosted through the implementation of appropriate learning strategies, particularly related to the use of e-resources, so that it will increase students' comprehension and achievement during the learning process.
Needs Analysis of Project-Based Learning Model in Writing Paragraphs from EFL Students’ Perspectives

Need analysis is required to take place before developing writing material so that results meet the needs of the students who will use the material. This research aims to analyze a model of English Paragraph Writing material based on project-based learning for EFL learners. A quantitative method was applied in this study employing a questionnaire and semi-structured interview to collect the data from 35 students and three instructors of writing in the English department, at Universitas Muhammadiyah Mataram. The data were analyzed quantitatively using frequency and percentage, while the data from the interview were transcribed and analyzed qualitatively. The result showed that students need teaching materials with clear objectives, exercises for individuals and groups, and project-based learning that can be employed in paragraph writing material. Therefore, designing a model of teaching material for paragraph writing based on project-based learning is much needed. The findings of this study are useful for lecturers and stakeholders who want to design English paragraph writing teaching material. This study has the potential to bridge the gap by providing knowledge of the needs of students and recommendations for designing English paragraph writing materials.
Effect of Solarization with Different Thickness of Polyethylene and Organic Fertilizer on Canola (Brassica Napus L.) Yield and Yield Components, Weeds, Soil and Fungi Densities

The present research work studied the effects of soil solarization with different thicknesses of polyethylene films 100μ, 250μ, 500μ amended with soil covering with mixtures of plant residues (Cabbage and Canola), and (municipal wastewater sludge + chicken manure, municipal wastewater sludge + sheep manure and municipal wastewater sludge + cow manure) on canola (Brassica napus L.) growth parameters and seed protein and oil content. The study was carried out during 2015/2016 and 2016/2017 seasons in Hada Al-Sham Agricultural Research Station of King Abdulaziz University. The results of the study showed that covering the soil with transparent polyethylene thickness of 100 microns increased canola growth components and increased seed protein and oil content compared to the other polyethylene thicknesses, and also chicken manure positively improved and enhanced all these canola plant growth parameters and its seed protein and oil content compared with other organic fertilizers. Generally, soil solarization amended with or without plant residues or organic manures improved and increased canola plat growth parameters and its seed quality.
ULTIMATE STRENGTH OF CLAMPED R.C SQUARE SLABS WITH CENTRAL SQUARE OPENING UNDER COMBIEND BENDING AND MEMBRANE ACTION

Based on the flow theory of rigid-plastic bodies, a method is developed for assessing the ultimate strength as well as determining the post yield behavior of uniformly loaded R.C square slabs with central square opening which have all edges restrained against rotation and lateral movement . The method takes into account the significant effects of membrane forces which are usually induced in the plane of the slab along sagging and hogging yield lines as the slab deflects. Considering equilibrium and compatibility of the deformed slab element, load-deflections relations are derived starting from the initial compressive membrane action up to tensile membrane and full-depth cracking at large deflection. The solution shows that axially restrained slabs can sustain loads far beyond those predicated by Johansen's yield line theory and the enhancement in load is greatest for thinner slabs having lighter reinforcement and smaller opening. On the basis of an estimated deflection, theoretical ultimate loads are found comparable with those of existing experimental tests. A theoretical study of the maximum yield load reveals a promising saving in reinforcement for using stronger concrete. For an interior square panel with central square opening, such saving in reinforcement could be as high as 48% if the panel is lightly loaded, and 25% for a panel under moderate loads.