Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Investigation of Nonlinear Elastic Behavior of Two-Dimensional Molybdenum Disulfide

This research explores the nonlinear elastic properties of two-dimensional molybdenum disulfide. We derive a thermodynamically rigorous nonlinear elastic constitutive equation and then calculate the nonlinear elastic response of two-dimensional MoS${}_{2}$ with first-principles density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The nonlinear elastic properties are used to predict the behavior of suspended monolayer MoS${}_{2}$ subjected to a spherical indenter load at finite strains in a multiple-length-scale finite element analysis model. The model is validated experimentally by indenting suspended circular MoS${}_{2}$ membranes with an atomic force microscope. We find that the two-dimensional Young's modulus and intrinsic strength of monolayer MoS${}_{2}$ are 130 and 16.5 N/m, respectively. The results approach Griffith's predicted intrinsic strength limit of ${\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{\mathrm{int}}\ensuremath{\sim}\frac{E}{9}$, where $E$ is the Young's modulus. This study reveals the predictive power of first-principles density functional theory in the derivation of nonlinear elastic properties of two-dimensional MoS${}_{2}$. Furthermore, the study bridges three main gaps that hinder understanding of material properties: DFT to finite element analysis, experimental results to DFT, and the nanoscale to the microscale. In bridging these three gaps, the experimental results validate the DFT calculations and the multiscale constitutive model.
Dual bidirectional mutual distillation based on dense connections

In the field of deep neural network, model compression has been widely used. As a model compression method, knowledge distillation has been studied more and more widely. Most of the existing knowledge distillation methods need a lot of data to train the teacher model in advance, and the interaction between their teacher model and student model is often weak. The existing methods such as DML are constrained by loss to realize soft weight sharing, and there is little work to discuss hard weight sharing. Therefore, a new deep interactive online distillation method is proposed in this paper. In this method, the teacher network generates the auxiliary student network and establishes the connection between the two, and the student network generates the auxiliary teacher network and establishes the connection between the two. Then the two auxiliary networks are combined and trained from scratch. Finally, the performance of the model is improved by using back gradient propagation. The effectiveness of this method is verified by experimental tests on common image classification tasks.
Feature coding method based on shared weights support vector data description for face recognition

In this paper, we propose a feature coding method based on shared weights support vector data description (FCM-SWSVDD). The proposed process of FCM-SWSVDD is as follows. By considering the density information of the clusters and introducing the weighting learning, we propose an improved support vector data description (SVDD), named shared weights support vector data description (SWSVDD). SWSVDD can obtain the cluster center and cluster radius more accurately. Incorporating SWSVDD and the triangle coding into the same feature coding learning process, FCM-SWSVDD is proposed. After the features of those images are extracted by using FCM-SWSVDD, a sparse representation classifier is used to classify those features. Experimental results show that the performance of the proposed method exceeds many methods.
Influence of sheet resistance and strip width on the detection efficiency saturation in micron-wide superconducting strips and large-area meanders

We report our study of detection efficiency (DE) saturation in wavelength range 400–1550 nm for the NbN superconducting microstrip single-photon detectors (SMSPDs) featuring the strip width up to 3 µm. We observe an expected decrease of the DE saturation plateau with the increase of photon wavelength and decrease of film sheet resistance. At 1.7 K temperature DE saturation can be clearly observed at 1550 nm wavelength in strip with the width up to 2 µm when sheet resistance of the film is above 630 Ω sq−1. In such strips the length of the saturation plateau almost does not depend on the strip width. We used these films to make meander-shaped detectors with the light sensitive area from 20 × 20 µm2 to a circle 50 µm in diameter. In the latter case, the detector with the strip width of 0.49 µm demonstrates saturation of DE up to 1064 nm wavelength. Although DE at 1310 and 1550 nm is not saturated, it is as high as 60%. The response time is limited by the kinetic inductance and equals to 20 ns (by 1/e decay), timing jitter is 44 ps. When coupled to multi-mode fibre large-area meanders demonstrate significantly higher dark count rate which we attribute to thermal background photons, thus advanced filtering technique would be required for practical applications.
Study of the Convective Stratification of Airflows in a Mine Shaft

The experimental study of heat and mass transfer in the atmosphere of a skip shaft of a Gypsum mine was carried out during the summer and winter seasons. The air flow overturning was observed in the winter season due to the ingress of cold heavy air from the surface into the shaft space. To analyze this phenomenon, a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model of heat and mass transfer processes in a mine shaft was developed, considering the vertical temperature gradient, roughness of the shaft walls, heat exchange with the shaft lining. Based on numerical simulation, it was found that at relatively low air velocities in the shaft and with a relatively large difference between warm air in the shaft and cold air on the surface, the latter begins to penetrate the shaft and descend down it, gradually filling its space. The interaction of cold air from the surface with the warm air rising up the shaft, as well as with warm walls of the shaft leads to the formation of an unsteady convective vortex cellular structure along the shaft. The depth of the vortex depends on the velocity of the air in the shaft, as well as the difference between the temperatures of the warm and cold air. Based on the obtained numerical simulation data, it was possible to calculate the minimum allowable air velocity at which partial return air flows appear in the shaft cross-section.
Perceptual losses for self-supervised depth estimation

Convolution neural network has shown excellent results in stereo and monocular disparity estimation, while most of the existing methods convert the image depth prediction problem into the image reconstruction problem, and calculate the depth of each pixel through the disparity between the generated left and right images. However, in the reconstruction task, the loss is still calculated at the pixel level when comparing the reconstructed picture with the original picture, which will greatly affect the estimation of picture depth due to the problems of illumination and occlusion. Therefore, when calculating the loss of image reconstruction, it is very important to compare the higher-level features extracted from the reconstructed image with the original image. In this paper, based on the existing methods, we have innovated the loss function and introduced perceptual loss, i.e., we use feedforward neural network to extract features to further evaluate the reconstructed image, to make the reconstruction loss of baseline more accurate and improve the accuracy and robustness of the depth prediction model. To compare the improved effect, we performed extensive experiments on KITTI driving data by the improved model set, and the experimental index obtains better performance than the original baseline model.
The Copper (I) Chelator Neocuproine Inhibits Mouse Bladder Function, but not the Copper (II) Chelator Cuprizone

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of neocuproine (NC), a selective Cu(I) chelator, on the spontaneous contractions (SC) and basal tension (BT) in isolated mouse bladder tissues. The spontaneous contractions and basal tension in the isolated bladder strips were recorded to evaluate the amplitude and frequency parameters. NC (100 μM) caused a significant inhibition on spontaneous contractions (SC) in the isolated mouse bladder. We also evaluated the effects of cuprizone, a selective Cu(II)-chelator, and various selective or nonselective purinoceptor antagonists on the SC and also on the basal tension (BT). Of them, a non-selective purinergic antagonist suramin, a P2X receptor antagonist PPADS, a P2X3 antagonist NF 110, a P2 receptor activator ATP or a P2Y1 antagonist MRS 2179 significantly reversed NC-induced inhibition on the SC whereas cuprizone was found ineffective. The results showed that both P2X and P2Y receptors are playing role in the inhibitory effect of NC on the mouse bladder function. Ca2+ addition to the organ bath medium also dose-dependently reversed the NC-induced inhibition suggesting the role of myogenic mechanism. These findings suggest that intracellular calcium reduction, purinergic pathway and Cu(I) but not Cu(II) may have an important role in the inhibitory activity of NC on mouse bladder function.
The Diverse Transformer (Trf) Protein Family in the Sea Urchin Paracentrotus lividus Acts through a Collaboration between Cellular and Humoral Immune Effector Arms

Sea urchins are long-living marine invertebrates with a complex innate immune system, which includes expanded families of immune receptors. A central immune gene family in sea urchins encodes the Transformer (Trf) proteins. The Trf family has been studied mainly in the purple sea urchin Strongylocentrotus purpuratus. Here, we explore this protein family in the Mediterranean Sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus. The PlTrf genes and predicted proteins are highly diverse and show a typical Trf size range and structure. Coelomocytes and cell-free coelomic fluid from P. lividus contain different PlTrf protein repertoires with a shared subset, that bind specifically to E. coli. Using FACS, we identified five different P. lividus coelomocyte sub-populations with cell surface PlTrf protein expression. The relative abundance of the PlTrf-positive cells increases sharply following immune challenge with E. coli, but not following challenge with LPS or the sea urchin pathogen, Vibrio penaeicida. Phagocytosis of E. coli by P. lividus phagocytes is mediated through the cell-free coelomic fluid and is inhibited by blocking PlTrf activity with anti-SpTrf antibodies. Together, our results suggest a collaboration between cellular and humoral PlTrf-mediated effector arms in the P. lividus specific immune response to pathogens.
Association of Vitamin D Status with Metabolic Syndrome and its Components in Bangladeshi Urban Women

Background: The prevalence of metabolic syndrome is on the rise in developing countries like Bangladesh along with decreasing Vitamin D levels. As women are more vulnerable to metabolic syndrome and vitamin D deficiency, and connection among these were reported in various population, this research aims to quantify the association between vitamin D and metabolic syndrome and its components among Bangladeshi women from urban area. Methods: Necessary data were collected from 233 participants over five months from 2015 to 2016 in Dhaka, Bangladesh. The concentration of Triglyceride, High-Density Lipoprotein (HDL) levels, fasting plasma glucose was measured with kits and vitamin D analysis was performed using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography. Results: In this study, the prevalence of metabolic syndrome among the population was found to be 59.66%. When the subjects were divided into different quarters according to vitamin D sufficiency levels, subjects in all the quarters had significantly lower odds ratios of having metabolic syndrome compared to the lowest quarter. Conclusion: The number of metabolic syndrome components were found to be inversely correlated with Vitamin D level and individual components were found to be correlated with Vitamin D, indicating the inverse association between vitamin D and prevalence of risk of metabolic syndrome.
X-net with Different Loss Functions for Cell Image Segmentation

Convolutional neural network is valid for object segmentation. In recent years, it has been applied to the fields of medicine and cell biology. Each class has a different number of pixels in an image. Therefore, the accuracy of semantic segmentation varies drastically between objects with a large number of pixels and objects with a small number of pixels. In this paper, we propose X-Net that integrates two encoders and decoders to solve this problem. This has the advantage of extracting rich features from two encoders and using two decoders to complement the location information and small objects. By using different loss functions for each decoder, we can use the ensemble of two decoders with different viewpoints. We evaluated our method on the Arabidopsis cell images and Drosophila cell images. Experimental results show that our method achieved better accuracy than the conventional methods.
Archival processing of black-and-white photographs as preventive conservation

The need for producing large quantities of black-andwhite photographs calls for automation of the processing. The need for producing long lasting images calls for continuous quality control of the processing. At the Department of Conservation at the National Museum of Denmark we have combined these often contradictory demands. Tests for residual silver and fixer are frequently used on film negatives as well as prints. A modified processor for prints is used which ensure the removal of all processing chemicals. Negatives for special purposes are stabilised after processing in polysulfide and all prints in selenium solution.
Satellite rainfall products outperform ground observations for landslide prediction in India

Abstract. Landslides are among the most dangerous natural hazards, particularly in developing countries, where ground observations for operative early warning systems are lacking. In these areas, remote sensing can represent an important detection and monitoring process to predict landslide occurrence in space and time, particularly satellite rainfall products that have improved in terms of accuracy and resolution in recent times. Surprisingly, only a few studies have investigated the capability and effectiveness of these products in landslide prediction in reducing the impact of this hazard on the population. We have performed a comparative study of ground- and satellite-based rainfall products for landslide prediction in India by using empirical rainfall thresholds derived from the analysis of historical landslide events. Specifically, we have tested Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) and SM2RAIN-ASCAT satellite rainfall products, and their merging, at daily and hourly temporal resolution, and Indian Meteorological Department (IMD) daily rain gauge observations. A catalogue of 197 rainfall-induced landslides that occurred throughout India in the 13-year period between April 2007 and October 2019 has been used. Results indicate that satellite rainfall products outperform ground observations thanks to their better spatial (0.1 ∘ vs. 0.25 ∘ ) and temporal (hourly vs. daily) resolutions. The better performance is obtained through the merged GPM and SM2RAIN-ASCAT products, even though improvements in reproducing the daily rainfall (e.g. overestimation of the number of rainy days) are likely needed. These findings open a new avenue for using such satellite products in landslide early warning systems, particularly in poorly gauged areas.
COVID-19: A Global Pandemic

Review Article COVID-19 is caused by novel β-coronavirus (SARSCoV2). It was first discovered in 2019, in Wuhan (seafood market), China. It was declared a global pandemic on 30 th Jan 2020 by the WHO. Person to person transmission via respiratory droplets is source of infection. The incubation period is 2 weeks from exposure. Middle aged and elders >70 years age or people with co-morbid conditions like Diabetes mellitus, lung diseases, obesity, immunecompromised state and kidney diseases predominantly affecting and leads to rise in mortality. Environmental contamination via contaminated surfaces in areas with high infective cases like quarantine centers or hospitals are also an important aspect of spreading the virus. So, routine cleaning with sodium dichloroisocyanourate disinfectant is needed. Protective antibodies against SARSCoV2 receptors binding domain of spike protein and nucleocapsid protein appears on day 14 following symptom onset. The antibody titers by Enzyme linked Immunosorbent assay (ELISA) correlates with neutralizing activity and protective nature of antibody. To understand the risk of reinfection, serological screening tool will be an important tool for population immunity or people already infected. SARS CoV 2 and SARS CoV share similar spike protein gene and RBD, i.e. capability of viral transmission in humans. Whole genome sequencing of SARS CoV 2 is similar to SARS like bat CoVs. Symptoms may appear 2-14 days after exposure to the virus. Most common and severe manifestation is pneumonia which presents with fever, cough, dyspnea and bilateral lung infiltrates on chest imaging. Specimen is collected from upper respiratory tract (nasopharynx and/or oropharynx) and lower respiratory tract (such as sputum, Broncho Alveolar Lavage (BAL). The diagnosis can be made via RT-PCR, Rapid antigen test, Rapid antibody test etc. but disease progression can be seen via radiological test like chest X-ray and CT. The mainstay of therapy of COVID-19 is supportive and preventive requiring quarantine and waiting self-recovery.
Animals Traded for Traditional Medicine Purposes in the Kumasi Central Market, Ghana: Conservation Implications

The Kumasi Central Market is the largest urban open market in Ghana and animals used for medicinal purposes are among the items that are typically displayed for sale. However, no study has been undertaken on the animal species sold for traditional medicine purposes. This study took inventory of animal species traded for medicinal purposes in the Kumasi Central Market and examined their conservation implications. The species recorded to be traded comprised 5 taxonomic classes, belonging to 20 families. Chameleons were found to be the most traded animal species. Seven (23%) of the species traded were found to be threatened under IUCN Red List, with four (13%) species listed on Appendix I of CITES, and eight (26%) species on Schedule I of Wildlife Conservation Regulations of Ghana. Wildlife regulations are not serving as a deterrent to the trade in threatened animal species. There is a need to sensitize traders about the threats faced by these animal species and provide explanations as to why these species should be protected.
Detecting COVID-19 in Chest X-Ray Images via MCFF-Net

COVID-19 is a respiratory disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2). Due to the rapid spread of COVID-19 around the world, the number of COVID-19 cases continues to increase, and lots of countries are facing tremendous pressure on both public and medical resources. Although RT-PCR is the most widely used detection technology with COVID-19 detection, it still has some limitations, such as high cost, being time-consuming, and having low sensitivity. According to the characteristics of chest X-ray (CXR) images, we design the Parallel Channel Attention Feature Fusion Module (PCAF), as well as a new structure of convolutional neural network MCFF-Net proposed based on PCAF. In order to improve the recognition efficiency, the network adopts 3 classifiers: 1-FC, GAP-FC, and Conv1-GAP. The experimental results show that the overall accuracy of MCFF-Net66-Conv1-GAP model is 94.66% for 4-class classification. Simultaneously, the classification accuracy, precision, sensitivity, specificity, and F1-score of COVID-19 are 100%. MCFF-Net may not only assist clinicians in making appropriate decisions for COVID-19 diagnosis but also mitigate the lack of testing kits.
OIL PRICE CRISIS AND BANKRUPTCY RISK

This research aims to examine the effect of the oil price crisis on bankruptcy risk. The sample consists of 9 oil and gas companies listed on the Indonesian Stock Exchange 2013-2019. The analysis method uses fixed-effect regression. The result shows that the oil price crisis increases bankruptcy risk, especially for companies with higher leverage. Furthermore, the oil price crisis reduces market value for companies with higher bankruptcy risk. It indicates that the oil price crisis brings performance for oil and gas companies to generate revenue, earnings, and cash flow that leads companies to insolvency condition.
Association of Dietary Patterns with Cardiovascular and Kidney Phenotypes in an Uruguayan Population Cohort

The impact of habitual diet on chronic diseases has not been extensively characterized in South America. We aimed to identify major dietary patterns (DP) in an adult cohort in Uruguay (Genotype Phenotype and Environment of Hypertension Study—GEFA-HT-UY) and to assess associations with metabolic, anthropometric characteristics, and cardiovascular and kidney phenotypes. In a cross-sectional study (n = 294), DP were derived by the principal component analysis. Blood and urine parameters, anthropometrics, blood pressure, pulse wave velocity, and glomerular filtration rate were measured. Multivariable adjusted linear models and adjusted binary logistic regression were used. Three DP were identified (Meat, Prudent, Cereal and Mate) explaining 22.6% of total variance in food intake. The traditional Meat DP, characterized by red and barbecued meat, processed meat, bread, and soft drinks, was associated with worse blood lipid profile. Prudent DP, characterized by vegetables, fish, and nuts, and lower loads for bread and crackers, was associated with reduced risk of vitamin D deficiency. Cereal and Mate DP, was characterized by higher loads of cereals, bread, and crackers, and mate infusion, with higher odds of excessive body weight. No direct associations of dietary patterns with hypertension, arterial stiffness, chronic kidney disease, and nephrolithiasis were found in the studied population, nor by age categories or sex.
Passive, Victims or Unintended Misrepresentation?

Sustainable development efforts to mitigate the challenges that women face in the midst of land grabbing could be significantly undermined or they could fail to address the concerns of rural African women if they are not driven by the everyday lived experiences of rural African women. Evidence suggests that current accounts of how rural African women experience land grabbing oversimplify the homogeneity of their experiences, depicting them as entirely passive and victims who lack the agency to react to the loss of their land. Addressing this gap in our appreciation of the impact of land grabbing on rural African women is significant to ensure equal access to land and secure tenure rights for women actually work. To this end, there are some in the literature that have, and continue to challenge the depiction of rural African women as entirely passive and victims, lacking agency. This paper builds on those studies to expand the parameter of inquiry by bringing fresh perspectives to the debate from Senjeh District in Liberia. Utilising data collected through qualitative semi-structured interviews in the district over a period of four months, this paper argues that there is a divergence between the well held notions by the literature and experts on the one hand and, women in Senjeh on the other hand. The paper also argues that rural women in Senjeh District exhibited various agency in multiple ways against the loss of their land to Sime Darby.