Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Serum Elastase Activity, Serum Elastase Inhibitors, and Occurrence of Carotid Atherosclerotic Plaques

Background— In the last decades, interest has increased in the potential deleterious atherogenic effects of some cellular elastase activities. The results of experimental and clinical investigations were inconsistent. In this report, we assessed the associations of serum elastase activity and serum elastase inhibitors with carotid plaque occurrence during the 4-year follow-up in a population of 859 subjects free of coronary heart disease and stroke (age, 59 to 71 years). Methods and Results— Serum elastase activity and serum elastase inhibitors were measured at baseline examination. Carotid B-mode ultrasound examination was performed at baseline and 2 years and 4 years later. The occurrence of carotid plaques in subjects with the lowest serum elastase activity values (quartile 1), in those with the intermediate values (quartiles 2 to 3), and in those with the highest values (quartile 4) was, respectively, 24.6%, 18.9%, and 12.2% (P<0.001 for trend). The multivariate odds ratios of carotid plaque occurrenc.
Adolescent participation in pregnancy prevention interventions

The rate of teen pregnancy, although on the decline, still remains to be one of the highest among industrialized countries. As a result much emphasis is placed on finding effective pregnancy prevention interventions. A study of thirty-three adolescent females using a questionnaire was conducted to identify what types of interventions they had attended and what percentage had become pregnant. Findings indicated that those who attended more comprehensive interventions and abstinence based interventions were less likely to have been pregnant. The study also illustrated that timing of the attendance was important in that respondents who attended the intervention before becoming sexually active were less likely to become pregnant.
The efficacy of postoperative radiotherapy for locally advanced rectal cancer without neoadjuvant therapy

Background: The 2018 guidelines for treatment of cancer by site recommended by the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) does not include a specific treatment recommendation for rectal cancer patients who did not receive preoperative chemoradiotherapy. The study objective was to evaluate whether postoperative radiotherapy was effective for such patients. Methods: Survival was evaluated in 9,585 patients who underwent surgical resection for stage II or III rectal cancer and were registered in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results-Medicare database between 1992 and 2009. Overall survival (OS) benefit in propensity score (PS)-matched patient cohorts were estimated by Cox proportional hazards models. Results: After stratification by chemotherapy regimen, the difference in OS of stage III patients between the no-treatment and radiotherapy groups was significant (P Conclusions: The evidence obtained in this study does not support postoperative radiotherapy for stage II rectal cancer or stage III patients who received postoperative chemotherapy. The use of postoperative radiotherapy for stage III patients who did not receive postoperative chemotherapy could increase OS.
Patterns of practice and barriers to care for hepatitis C in the direct-acting antiviral (DAA) era: A national survey of Canadian infectious diseases physicians.

Background Infectious diseases (ID) physicians are important for hepatitis C virus (HCV) care delivery in Canada. Our study describes their current and intended patterns of practice, attitudes, and barriers to care. Methods The study population includes 372 practicing ID physicians who are members of the Association of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Disease (AMMI) Canada. A random sample from each province was invited to participate in a web-based survey. Our outcome of interest was level of HCV care provided, and related intentions for the next 12 months. Additional survey domains included attitudes toward treatment and perceived barriers to care. Results Of 205 invitations to complete the survey, 64 (31%) physicians responded to the full survey and 81 to an abbreviated survey on the main outcomes of interest (overall response rate 71%). After adjusting for non-response, we estimate that 38% (95% CI 29% to 46%) are prescribing direct-acting antiviral (DAA) therapy, and 17% (95% CI 9% to 24%) are interested in starting to prescribe. Of full survey respondents, 100% of prescribers and 79% of non-prescribers agreed that people who inject drugs should be offered DAA therapy. Common barriers to care include patients' competing priorities, mental health comorbidities, poor access to harm reduction services, and insufficient physician training. Conclusions A large proportion of Canadian ID physicians are not currently prescribing DAA therapy for HCV. While some of these physicians are interested in starting to prescribe, we need strategies to improve physician training and address other barriers to care as provincial restrictions on DAA eligibility are being eliminated.
The effect of progressive muscle relaxation on depression in polycystic ovarian syndrome

Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrine disorder among women of reproductive age. Authors explored the effects of progressive muscle relaxation (PMR) on depression in females with polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS). Methods: In a 4-week study duration in which the intervention was for three times a week, 30 females which were selected according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria received a PMR protocol in which subjects were taught to contract and relax 16 muscle groups. The Becks Depression Inventory (BDI) was taken before and after the intervention as a depression analysis tool.Results: After 4 weeks of intervention, the patients showed significant improvement in depression (P < 0.05). Conclusions: In conclusion, this study suggests that PMR practice is effective in improving depression, in patients with PCOS.
Prevalence and Determinants of Burnout among Primary Healthcare Physicians in Qatar

Background: Burnout syndrome is characterized by a loss of enthusiasm for work manifested as emotional exhaustion, feeling of cynicism or depersonalization, and a low sense of personal accomplishment. It is marked by tiredness, loss of interest, or frustration that interferes with job performance. Methods: Descriptive cross-sectional study: this study was conducted at the Primary Health Care Corporation (PHCC) in Qatar and it included all physicians from seven health centers affiliated to primary health care in Qatar. The sample size was 144 physicians from both genders male and female, with a response rate of 90%. Results: Results show that in socio-demographic characters among primary health care physicians males represent 64.29%, 40+ years old represent 68,55% from both genders, 65.69% of the sample size have families with 1-3 children, 61.03% have more than 10 years employment history and 72.79% have board certificates. The prevalence of burnout in the study sample reaches 16.08% among primary health care physicians. No significant relation between socio-demographic characters and burn out was found except for social problems. Conclusion: Burnout syndrome is common among primary health care physicians reaching a prevalence of 16.08% of the total number of primary health care physicians. Burnout syndrome is very serious and primary reasons should be looked at and resolved. With the improvement of physician ability and capacity to cope with their work daily stresses and teaching them skills that could change how they perceive their work environment into positive healthy life style would result in a big improvement.
Telerehabilitation for community-dwelling middle-aged and older adults after musculoskeletal trauma: A systematic review

Background: Musculoskeletal trauma at midlife and beyond imposes significant impact on function and quality of life: Rehabilitation is key to support early and sustained recovery. There are frequent barriers to attending in-person rehabilitation that may be overcome by the recent advances in technology (telerehabilitation). Therefore, we conducted a systematic review of published evidence on telerehabilitation as a delivery mode for adults and older adults with musculoskeletal trauma. Methods: We followed established guidelines for conducting and reporting systematic reviews. We searched the following databases up to June 23, 2018: Cochrane Library, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Embase, Google Scholar, MEDLINE (Ovid and PubMed), PsycINFO, and SportDiscus. We included publications across all available years and languages for community-dwelling adults (50 years and older) with musculoskeletal trauma; and interventions using the following delivery modes: Apps, computer, telephone, videophone, videoconference, webcam, webpage, or similar media. Results: Six studies met the inclusion criteria: Five studies for hip fracture (n = 260) and one study for proximal humeral fracture rehabilitation (n = 17). Four of the studies used telephone as the delivery mode, one used computer and another used video-conferencing. Two of the studies were pre-post with no comparator group, and the remaining four studies were randomized controlled trials with low or unclear risk of bias. Studies established some modes of remote delivery as feasible, but the generalizability of the findings were limited. Two studies observed significant between-group differences (favoring the intervention) for physical activity, quality of life, and self-efficacy. Conclusion: Very few studies exist that tested the effect of telerehabilitation for recovery after musculoskeletal trauma later in life. Given the global burden imposed by musculoskeletal trauma, this review underscores an important gap in clinical knowledge.
Identification of the time of onset of acute myocardial infarction symptomatology

Background: Acute myocardial infarction is one of the leading causes of death in Portugal and worldwide. Several studies have shown a morning predominance of the onset of symptoms in this pathology. Objective: Describe the variation in onset of the infarction symptomatology and to analyze the average delay of admission in the emergency service of patients between 2015 and 2016 to a unit in northern Portugal. Methodology: Retrospective cross-sectional study. Fifty patients were studied, admitted to an emergency department diagnosed with acute myocardial infarction between 2015 and 2016 using clinical records. Results: The majority of participants were male (52%), with an average age of 79.6 years, presenting with hypertension (72%), dyslipidemia (54%), diabetes (46%), and obesity (20%). Onset time of acute myocardial infarction symptoms was generally between 6 a.m. and 12 p.m. (34%) and on average at 10 a.m. Conclusion: There was a predominance of symptom onset in the morning period.
Hepatocyte nuclear factor 4A expression discriminates gastric involvement by metastatic breast carcinomas from primary gastric adenocarcinomas.

Hepatocyte nuclear factor 4A expression discriminates gastric involvement by metastatic breast carcinomas from primary gastric adenocarcinomas. Hum Pathol. 2011 Nov;42(11):1777-84. doi: 10.1016/j.humpath. 2011.04. 002.
Prevalence and risk factors of acid peptic ulcer disease at a tertiary care hospital

Background: In day to day practice, at outpatient department of General Medicine, at Mahavir Institute of Medical Sciences, Vikarabad, Telangana, India authors are coming across a significant number of patients with acid peptic disease (APD). This prompted us to carry out the present study. The objective is to study the prevalence, risk factors of acid peptic disease and to give suitable recommendationsMethods: Present study was hospital based cross sectional study carried out at outpatient department of General Medicine for a period of ten months from June 2017 to March 2018 among 307 outpatients.Results: The prevalence of acid peptic disease was found to be very high in the present study i.e. 38.1%. This was very high compared to the available literature. The prevalence of acid peptic disease was significantly associated with increasing age, lower social class, alcohol use, tea use and NSAID use. Acid peptic disease was not found to be associated with sex, residence, literacy, smoking, coffee intake, and obesity.Conclusions: Prevalence of acid peptic disease was found to be very high in the present study. Hence there is a need to institute the preventive and control measures to bring down the prevalence. At the same time the people in the surroundings should be made aware of this health problems and its risk factors.
GtfA Interacting with GtfB is Required for PsrP Glycosylation in Streptococcus pneumoniae

Background: Streptococcus pneumoniae can adhere to lung cells via many adhesins, including pneumococcal serine-rich repeat protein(PsrP). GlycosyltransferaseA(GtfA)andglycoslytransferaseB(GtfB)werefoundtoinitiatePsrPglycosylationin Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 4, isolate TIGR4. Objectives: To test whether GtfA and GtfB are conserved among S. pneumoniae isolates presenting with diﬀerent serotypes and are involved in the glycosylation of PsrP via formation of the glycosyltransferase complex GtfA-GtfB. Methods: Serotyping of S. pneumoniae was performed using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays. The evolutionary divergences of GtfAandGtfBamongdiﬀerentisolateswereestimatedusingMEGA4software. Thecontributionof GtfAandGtfBtotheglycosyla-tion of PsrP was identiﬁed using an in vivo glycosylation system in Escherichia coli . Interaction of GtfA with GtfB was assessed using a glutathione S-transferase (GST) pull-down assay and yeast two-hybrid experiment. Results: Nine diﬀerent S. pneumoniae serotypes were found, of which the most frequent was 19F. The pneumococcal isolate TIGR4 and 22 other clinical isolates were included to estimate evolutionary divergence. The average homologies of the GtfA and GtfB sequences were 99.59% and 98.53%, respectively. Glycosyltransferase A and GtfB were shown to be required for the transfer of N-acetylglucosamine moieties to PsrP 1-374 . Glutathione S-transferase pull-down assays and yeast two-hybrid experiments showed that GtfA directly interacted with GtfB. Conclusions: GlycosyltransferaseAandGtfBareconservedin S.pneumoniae isolates. GlycosyltransferaseAinteractswithGtfB,form-ing the glycosyltransferase complex GtfA-GtfB, which is required for PsrP glycosylation.
Identification of Maternal Risk Factor with Preterm LBW Babies in a Tertiary Care Hospital

This study was aimed to identify risk factors of preterm LBW babies by following a cross sectional type of comparative study. This study was conducted at inpatient department of paediatrics of Rajshahi Medical College Hospital from January 2009 to December 2010. A total 150 preterm babies were included in this study. The mothers of the babies were studied to identify some selected risk factors. Maternal poor nutritional status (p<.001), low age at conception (p<.003), poor antenatal care (p<.001) and low level of education (p<.002) were found significant socio-economic risk factors. Maternal health related conditions like Antepartum haemorrhage (p<.001), Premature rupture of the membrane (p<.001), toxemia of pregnancy (p<.005), anaemia (p<.002) all were found as the significant contributors of preterm birth. This study might help to reduce the incidence of mortality and morbidity of preterm infants by providing information regarding risk factors.TAJ 2011; 24(2): 95-100
Breastfeeding practices among lactating mothers of a rural area of central India: a cross-sectional study

Background: Breastfeeding is an unequalled way of providing ideal food for the healthy growth and development of infants. As per national family health survey-3 (NFHS-3), only 46% of the Indian infants between 0 and 6 months are exclusively breastfed. Hence the following study was done to know the practice of breastfeeding in mothers of rural area of central India.Methods: The study was conducted in a rural area, which is under administrative control of tertiary care hospital. All lactating mothers having babies upto 1 year were included in study. An informed written consent was obtained from the mothers.Results: 78.28% show initiation of breastfeeding within 6 hours of delivery. 51.51% mothers breastfeed child whenever they cry and 35.35% breastfeed every 2 hourly. Exclusive breastfeeding was practiced by 58.58% mothers and 64.15% mothers gave first breast milk to their newborns.Conclusions: The counseling should be continued after the delivery of baby for continuous education to mother about the proper care of newborn, initiation of breastfeeding, the information regarding the advantages and duration of breastfeeding, importance of colostrums feeding, timing of weaning needs to be provided.
Motility

Another way to determine motility is with a Motility Agar stab. Motility Agar is soft agar in a test tube (without a slanted surface). Cells are stab-inoculated into the agar (the top surface is not inoculated). Nonmotile bacteria will only grow where they were inoculated, along the length of the stab. Motile bacteria will grow along the stab and will also swim out away from the stabbed area. Thus, a negative result is indicated by growth in a distinct zone directly along the stab. A positive result is indicated by diffuse (cloudy growth), especially at the top and bottom of the stab.
LEADING COMMENT Sexuality, human rights and safety for people with disabilities: the challenge of intersecting identities

The link between living with a disability and an individual’s risk of being disadvantaged or discriminated against is clear. However, the focus is often on issues of equity and access to employment and services and the physical health needs of individuals. When focusing broadly on rights, the gender and sexuality of people living with a disability can easily be rendered invisible, or subjugated to other seemingly ‘‘higher order’’ issues. Broader issues of the sexual health, sexual identity and sexual expression of people with a disability needs to also be brought into focus. Drawing on research from Australia and internationally, this paper provides a brief overview of the experience of sexual assault and sexual victimisation, homophobia and gender-based discrimination for people with a disability. Recognising and balancing these complex and sometimes apparently competing self-identities and needs is complex, yet is integral from a human rights perspective.
The prevalence of hypothyroidism in patients with gall stone disease

1 M.B. CH.B, 2 F.R. C.S. (Glasgow), C.A. B.S., Consultant Surgeon 3 F.R. C.S. (Glasgow), C.A. B.S., Professor of General Surgery 1,2 Department of Surgery, Basrah Teaching Hospital, Basrah, Iraq 3 Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Basrah, Basrah, Iraq *Corresponding Author Prof. Mohammed H. Al-Jawher Email: mohaljawher@yahoo.com Abstract Background: There was a debate whether hypothyroidism could lead to cholelithiasis over the last few decades. Recent studies showed that disturbances in lipid metabolism combined hypothyroid status, particularly of a cholesterol pathway and changes in the rate of bile excretion which could lead to the formation of gall stones. Recently, the pro-relaxing effect of serum total thyroxin (T4) on both human and pig sphincter of Oddi (SO) has been proven. Objective: To assess the prevalence of hypothyroidism in patients with gall stones and try to establish hypothyroidism as a possible etiological factor for gallstones formation. Methods: A cross sectional study was carried on in Basrah Teaching Hospital involving a 232 patients with gallstones whom admitted to the hospital during the period from April 2016 to October 2017. All patients were assessed by detailed clinical history and examination with appropriate investigations in form of abdominal USS, thyroid function tests and lipid profile. Results: Out of 232 patients of gallstone, 200 patients were euthyroid and 32 patients were hypothyroidism, 22 patients were diagnosed as subclinical hypothyroidism and 10 patients were diagnosed as clinical hypothyroidism. Regarding lipid profile, 175(75.4%) of patients with gall stone had increased lipid profile, while 57(24.6%) had normal lipid profile. Conclusion: Hypothyroidism which may lead to elevation of serum lipid profile and thus act as a cause of gall stone formation.
Comparison between sit-up and Bridging Exercises on Trunk Muscles Response During Sudden Impact Loading

Background/Objectives: The aim of the this study is to explore the comparison between sit-up and bridging exercise on trunk muscle response during sudden impact loading. Methods/Statistical analysis: The subjects were twelve healthy men and twelve healthy women who currently attending S University in Asan, Chungnam. Electromyography(EMG) attachment location was on four areas transverse abdominis(TrA), rectus abdominis(RA), erector spine(ES), multifidus(MF). The load was given when the subjects had their eyes open(EO) and after eyes close(EC) with auditory input was cutted out. Findings: As a result, there were statistically significant differences in TrA, RA, MF muscles in EC condition during the sit-up and bridging exercise(p<.05). But there was no difference in other variables. Improvements/Applications: In conclusion, this study suggests that when there are sudden external stimulus during sit-up exercise, due to the compensatory mechanism, the MF suddenly activates to cause microtrauma.
PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY

Psychopharmacology is an international journal that covers the broad topic of elucidating mechanisms by which drugs affect behavior. The scope of the journal encompasses the following fields: Human Psychopharmacology: Experimental This section includes manuscripts describing the effects of drugs on mood, behavior, cognition and physiology in humans. The journal encourages submissions that involve brain imaging, genetics, neuroendocrinology, and developmental topics. Usually manuscripts in this section describe studies conducted under controlled conditions, but occasionally descriptive or observational studies are also considered. Human Psychopharmacology: Clinical and Translational This section comprises studies addressing the broad intersection of drugs and psychiatric illness. This includes not only clinical trials and studies of drug usage and metabolism, drug surveillance, and pharmacoepidemiology, but also work utilizing the entire range of clinically relevant methodologies, including neuroimaging, pharmacogenetics, cognitive science, biomarkers, and others. Work directed toward the translation of preclinical to clinical knowledge is especially encouraged. The key feature of submissions to this section is that they involve a focus on clinical aspects.