Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Showing What They Know: Multimedia Artifacts to Assess learner understanding

: Engaging learners in constructing multimedia artifacts provides rich opportunities for them to make their thinking visible. In this research, we demonstrate the use of the VMCAnalytic, a multimedia artifact that builds on an extensive video collection of children’s mathematical reasoning. Using reliable rubrics, we coded all VMCAnalytics created in a range of classes. These rubrics focused on the quality of the students’ arguments and depth of their reasoning. Analysis showed that the rubric was useful in differentiating among the different groups of students. Moreover, different metrics had different degrees of correlation, suggesting that we were identifying several different dimensions of quality. Engaging students in technology-rich projects provides opportunities for both learning and making their thinking visible (Collins & Halverson, 2009). Creating multimedia artifacts offers opportunities for learners to engage with substantive content through their designs (Kafa & Ching, 2001). Building on earlier research with a video repository, we provide opportunities for students to engage in generative activity through construction of multimedia artifacts by making use of a new tool, the VMCAnalytic (Agnew, Mills, & Maher, 2010). In prior work, we examined a range of course contexts and tasks in which learners used the VMCAnalytic (Hmelo-Silver et al., 2013). In current research, we extend the range of contexts in which learners’ use of the tool to construct multimedia artifacts enables assessment of the complex knowledge required for understanding, teaching, and researching the development of mathematical reasoning in students across several content domains. In particular, we examine how graduate students create arguments using videos of student reasoning by bringing together ideas from mathematics education and the learning sciences with the perceptual grounding
Demystifying Success in a Summer Bridge Program: Investigating Students' Intrinsic Motivation and Mastery Goals in the Context of a Learning Analytics Intervention

: This study investigated students' academic motivation orientations in a summer bridge program and how a learning analytics-based intervention supported the activities of the academic advisors. Students' mastery orientation decreased over the course of the term and our results showed how certain learning analytics features and use cases were associated with this change. The findings indicate that student motivations need to be carefully considered in the design of learning analytics-based interventions since the resulting tools can affect how students make sense of and engage with their courses.
Learning to Practice Data-Driven Instructional Leadership: Confronting Cultural and Historical Contradictions

Within schools, data-driven practices have served as the centerpiece for educational reform initiatives focused on improving instruction and student learning, but this process has largely remained insufficiently conceptualized. This case study follows an Instructional Leadership Team (ILT) in the Chicago Public Schools (CPS) during the 2012-2013 school year as they enacted the data-driven practice of Instructional Rounds (IR). Taking a CulturalHistorical Activity Theory with Institutional Theory framework (CHAT-IT), a discursive analysis of ILT meetings displays the seeming resolution of manifestations of culturalhistorical contradictions within the ILT’s enactment of the IR practice. Yet, further analysis of and interviews with individual members troubles these resolutions, particularly when seeing IR as a coercive, mimetic, and normative mechanism. As one of few studies adopting the CHAT-IT framework, this case study supports the fruitful, dialogical understanding of organizational learning as culturally and historically situated activity.
FusionRAID: Achieving Consistent Low Latency for Commodity SSD Arrays

The use of all-ﬂash arrays has been increasing. Compared to their hard-disk counterparts, each drive offers higher performance but also undergoes more severe periodic performance degradation (due to internal operations such as garbage collection). With a detailed study of widely-used applications/traces and 6 SSD models, we conﬁrm that individual SSD’s performance jitters are further magniﬁed in RAID arrays. Our results also reveal that with SSD latency low and decreasing, the software overhead of RAID write creates long, complex write paths involving more drives, raising both average-case latency and risk of exposing worst-case performance. Based on these ﬁndings, we propose FusionRAID , a new RAID architecture that achieves consistent, low latency on commodity SSD arrays . By spreading requests to all SSDs in a shared, large storage pool, bursty application workloads can be served by plenty of “normal-behaving” drives. By performing temporary, replicated writes, it retains RAID fault-tolerance yet greatly accelerates small, random writes. Blocks of such transient data replicas are created in stripe-ready locations based on RAID declustering, enabling effortless conversion to long-term RAID storage. Finally, using lightweight SSD latency spike detection and request redirection, Fusion-RAID avoids drives under transient but severe performance degradation. Our evaluation with traces and applications shows that FusionRAID brings a 22%–98% reduction in median latency, and a 2.7 × –62 × reduction in tail latency, with a moderate and temporary space overhead.
Pattern-Guided File Compression with User-Experience Enhancement for Log-Structured File System on Mobile Devices

Mobile applications exhibit unique file access patterns, often involving random accesses of write-mostly files and readonly files. The high write stress of mobile applications significantly impacts on the lifespan of flash-based mobile storage. To reduce write stress and save space without sacrificing user-perceived latency, this study introduces FPC, file access pattern guided compression. FPC is optimized for the random-writes and fragmented-reads of mobile applications. It features dual-mode compression: Foreground compression handles write-mostly files for write stress reduction, while background compression packs random-reading file blocks for boosted read performance. FPC exploits the out-of-place updating design in F2FS, a log-structured file system for mobile devices, for the best effect of the proposed dual-mode compression. Experimental results showed that FPC reduced the volume of total write traffic and executable file size by 26.1% and 23.7% on average, respectively, and improved the application launching time by up to 14.8%.
Incidence and prevalence of moyamoya disease in urban China: a nationwide retrospective cohort study

Background and objective Moyamoya disease (MMD) is an increasingly recognised cause of stroke, mainly described in East Asia. China is the largest nation in Asia, but few studies reported the epidemiology of MMD, especially at a national level. We aimed to estimate the incidence and prevalence of MMD in China. Methods We performed a population-based study using data from the national databases of Urban Basic Medical Insurance between 2013 and 2016, covering approximately 0.50 billion individuals. MMD cases were identified by diagnostic code (International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision I67.5) or related diagnostic text. Results A total of 1987 MMD patients (mean age 44.45±14.30 years, female-to-male ratio 1.12) were identified, representing a national crude incidence of 0.59 (95% CI: 0.49 to 0.68) and a prevalence of 1.01 (95% CI: 0.81 to 1.21) per 100 000 person-years in 2016. Rates were higher in females than in males for the incidence (0.66 vs 0.52) and prevalence (1.05 vs 0.90). And the age-specific rates showed a bimodal distribution, with the highest peak in middle-aged group and the second peak in child group. Conclusions Our results confirm that MMD is relatively common in East Asians, but the rates in China were lower than those in other East Asian countries such as Japan and Korea. The unique epidemiological features, including a relatively weak female predominance and a shift in the highest peak of incidence from children to adults, revealed new sight into MMD. Further research is expected to explore the potential pathogenesis of MMD.
Depression, anxiety and stress during the COVID-19 pandemic: results from a New Zealand cohort study on mental well-being

Objectives The COVID-19 pandemic has caused unprecedented disruption to daily life. This study investigated depression, anxiety and stress in New Zealand (NZ) during the first 10 weeks of the COVID-19 pandemic, and associated psychological and behavioural factors. It also compares the results with a similar cross-sectional study in the UK. Design Cross-sectional study. Setting NZ community cohort. Participants N=681 adults (≥18 years) in NZ. The cohort was predominantly female (89%) with a mean age of 42 years (range 18–87). Most (74%) identified as NZ European and almost half (46%) were keyworkers. Most were non-smokers (95%) and 20% identified themselves as having clinical risk factors which would put them at increased or greatest risk of COVID-19. Main outcome measures Depression, anxiety, stress, positive mood and engagement in health behaviours (smoking, exercise, alcohol consumption). Results Depression and anxiety significantly exceeded population norms (p<0.0001). Being younger (p<0.0001) and most at risk of COVID-19 (p<0.05) were associated with greater depression, anxiety and stress. Greater positive mood, lower loneliness and greater exercise were protective factors for all outcomes (p<0.0001). Smoking (p=0.037) and alcohol consumption (p<0.05) were associated with increased anxiety. Pet ownership was associated with lower depression (p=0.006) and anxiety (p=0.008). When adjusting for age and gender differences, anxiety (p=0.002) and stress (p=0.007) were significantly lower in NZ than in the UK. The NZ sample reported lower perceived risk (p<0.0001) and worry about COVID-19 (p<0.0001) than the UK sample. Conclusions The NZ population had higher depression and anxiety compared with population norms. Younger people and those most at risk of COVID-19 reported poorer mental health. Interventions should promote frequent exercise, and reduce loneliness and unhealthy behaviours.
Bioactivities of Karanda (Carissa carandas Linn.) fruit extracts for novel cosmeceutical applications

The aim of this research was to determine the total phenolic content (TPC), antioxidation, antiaging, and antibacterial activities of Carissa carandas Linn. , and aims at the novel plant sources which is utilized for their cosmeceutical applications. The two conditions (fresh and dried) and three stages (unripe, ripe, and fully ripe) of C. carandas were extracted by ethanolic maceration. Folin–Ciocalteu assay was used for determining the TPC. 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2′-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) assays were used for estimating antioxidant activity. The inhibitory tyrosinase activities were measured using the modified dopachrome assay. Antiaging was evaluated by inhibition of collagenase and elastase, and antibacterial activities. The result of six extracts from C. carandas showed that the highest phenolic content and elastase inhibition of the fresh fruit in fully ripe stage were 100.31 ± 2.64 mg GAE/g extract and 14.11% ± 0.95%, respectively. The fresh fruit in the unripe stage showed that the strongest percentage of DPPH IC50 and collagenase inhibitory activity were 29.11 ± 0.23 μg/mL and 85.94% ± 2.21%, respectively. The ethanolic extract of unripe dried fruit exhibited the highest antioxidant activity in the of ABTS assay, with an IC50 of 0.17 ± 0.01 μg/mL. The MBC displayed the dried fruit ripe stage anti Cutibacterium acnes, Staphylococcus epidermidis, and Staphylococcus aureus strains were 25.0, 25.0, and 16.25 mg/mL, respectively. The fresh fruit in the ripe stage showed that the strongest inhibition tyrosinase was 93.88% ± 5.64%. The conclusion of this research indicates that the fresh fruit of C. carandas fruit extracts has high potential as a novel cosmeceuticals' applications to antiaging and skin whitening. The dried fruit in ripe stage extract has the most effective ingredient for antiacne products.
Early implementation challenges in electronic referral and feedback mechanism for patients with tuberculosis using Nikshay – A mixed-methods study from a medical college TB referral unit of Delhi, India

Background: Diagnosis, notification and timely initiation of treatment is an important cornerstone for the elimination of tuberculosis (TB). The referral and feedback mechanism under National Tuberculosis Programme of India has been changed from paper-based to web-based electronic system (Nikshay) since 2018. The current study was carried out to assess the effect of Nikshay in referral and receipt of feedback on treatment initiation and to understand the early implementation challenges. Methods: A mixed-methods study was conducted in a medical college referral unit (MCRU) of Delhi, India. The electronic TB notification data for July 2018–March 2019 were abstracted from Nikshay portal and analysed. Unadjusted and adjusted relative risk (aRR) was calculated to assess the factors associated with the receipt of feedback. Themes and subthemes were generated from qualitative data obtained through key-informant interviews of healthcare providers. Results: Of the total 4395 patients handled by MCRU during the study period, 3315 (75.4%) were referred out within and outside Delhi for treatment. Feedback was received among 797 (24.0%) of the patients who were referred out. Patients with extrapulmonary TB (aRR: 1.3, confidence interval (CI): 1.1–1.8), previously treated (aRR: 1.2, CI: 1.2–1.3) and registered for drug-resistant TB care (aRR: 1.4, CI: 1.1–1.8), had high chance of receiving feedback. Four broad themes emerged, namely, (a) awareness of programme and Nikshay; (b) tracking of patients; (c) user-friendly portal and (d) workload. Conclusion: The low feedback on treatment initiation of patients with TB needs further research after health system-level quality improvement interventions. Real-time tracking of patients is the need of the hour towards the path for TB elimination.
The utility of Problem Areas in Diabetes (PAID) scale amongst patients with Type 2 diabetes (T2DM): An experience from a teaching hospital in Southern India

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to establish the prevalence of diabetes-specific psychological distress (DSPD) among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) using the “Problem areas in diabetes” (PAID) scale at a teaching hospital in southern India. Other objectives included observing the relationship between socio-demographic factors and DSPD and, finally exploring the level of acceptance of the PAID scale by Asian–Indian patients. Methods: The patients with T2DM aged >18 years attending the diabetes outpatient clinic were recruited. They completed two sets of questionnaires; PAID and a satisfactory questionnaire, which included socio-demographic characteristics and questions relating to the acceptance of PAID. Statistical analysis was performed using Stata 13.1 and Excel. Results: A total of 253 questionnaires were completed, including 157 (62.1%) male and 96 (37.9%) female patients. The prevalence of DSPD was 32.8% (83/253). Younger age (OR 3.65, 95% CI 1.36–9.80) and presence of retinopathy (OR 2.60, 95% CI 1.12–6.04) were significantly associated with DSPD. However, it was observed that one-third of the patients had an elevated level of distress regardless of socio-demographic or clinical factors. PAID was well accepted by the participants and 84.6% (214/253) were pleased to complete it again. Conclusion: About one-third of the patients with T2DM had DSPD. Psychological distress was higher in the younger age group and those with retinopathy. PAID is an easy, well-accepted questionnaire and would serve as a useful tool to screen for DSPD.
Assessment of safe handling practices among resident doctors in Jos University Teaching Hospital Plateau state, Nigeria

Background: Standard safety precautions are essential in health care deliveryregardless of the presumed infectious state of the patients. Safe handling practices as detailed in the universal safety precaution guidelines are available to health care workers globally. However, there have been documentation of suboptimal adherence to it especially in the developing countries including Nigeria. Hence, this study was conducted to assess the level of safe handling practices and its determinants among resident doctors in Jos University Teaching Hospital, Plateau state, Nigeria. Methods: This was a cross sectional study conducted among 192 resident doctors using quantitative method of data collection in 2018.SPSS version 20 was used for data analysis with chi square test used to identify the determinants of safe handling practices. Crude odds ratio as well as 95% confidence interval were used with a p-value of < 0.05 considered statistically significant. Results: The mean age of the respondents in the study was 33 ± 3 years with 119 (62.0%) of the respondents being males. Good knowledge of infection, prevention and control was reported among 120 (62.5%) while 137 (71.3%) were found to have engaged in safe handling practices. Sex (OR = 4.5; 95% CI = 2.05–9.85) and level of knowledge (OR = 1.97; 95% CI = 1.05–3.72) were found as the determinants of safe handling practice. Conclusion: This study has brought to light the need for improvement in the level of compliance with safe handling practices as it is far from the optimum.
POLYPHENOLS AND HUMAN HEALTH- A REVIEW

Flavonoids, perhaps the most important single group of phenolics in foods, comprise a group of over 4000 C15 aromatic plant compounds with multiple substitution patterns. Anthocyanins are members of the flavonoid group of phytochemicals, a group predominant in teas, wines, fruits, vegetables, nuts, olive oil, cocoa, and cereals. The colorful anthocyanins are the most recognized, visible members of the bioflavonoid phytochemicals with proven human health benefits of myriad nature. Anthocyanin isolates and anthocyanin-rich mixtures of bioflavonoids provide protection from DNA cleavage, estrogenic activity, enzyme inhibition, boosting production of cytokines, antiinflammatory activity, lipid peroxidation, decreasing capillary permeability and fragility, and membrane strengthening. To add to the importance of anthocyanin pigments in human health, both in vitro and in vivo research trials have amply demonstrated their marked ability to reduce cancer cell proliferation and to inhibit tumor formation. The capacity of anthocyanin pigments to interfere with the process of carcinogenesis seems to be linked to multiple potential mechanisms of action including inhibition of cyclooxygenase enzymes and potent antioxidant potential. Another feather in cap is the role of anthocyanins in cardiovascular disease protection which is strongly linked to oxidative stress protection.
Paraquat poisoning in Andaman and Nicobar Islands – Government must intervene

Paraquat poisoning is a grave public health problem in the Andaman and Nicobar islands of India. To evaluate various aspects of paraquat poisoning that influence the outcome, a retrospective study was planned. In this case series study, the information about all cases of acute paraquat poisoning who were admitted to GB Pant Hospital, Port-Blair, in a 12-year period (January 2007–December 2018) were evaluated. A total of 29 referred patients were evaluated with the majority from the early productive age of 16–30 years (68.97%). The case fatality rate was 100%. Most of the incidents took place in South Andaman district (68.97%) and during the rainy season (55.17%). Initially, they presented with local symptoms like mouth and throat pain with ulceration (48.27%), vomiting (44.82%), breathlessness (34.48%), epigastric and abdominal pain (31.03%), hematemesis (27.58%), and oliguria (20.68%). Later on, major organ dysfunctions like a respiratory failure (65.51%), acute kidney injury (62.08%), acute liver failure (55.17%), cardiac dysfunction (31.03%), and multiorgan failure (58.62%) ensued. Patients who were referred early had a significantly longer hospital stay. Few received advanced care, like, methyl prednisolone (24.12%), cyclophosphamide (10.34%), Mesna/NAC (06.89%), charcoal tablets (10.34%), mechanical ventilation (06.89%), and hemodialysis (10.34%). Apart from hemodialysis in acute kidney injury patients and steroid pulse, no other modalities showed improved hospital survival duration. Primary prevention especially government laws, public awareness, and education of health professionals regarding the seriousness of this problem are the keys to get rid of this incurable poisoning in these islands. The government should prioritize preventive works in the south Andaman district and during the rainy season to avoid catastrophe each year and if possible should ban it. Methyl prednisolone therapy and hemodialysis might be advocated to have a better outcome.
Evaluation of Chitinase 3-like 1 (CHI3L1) as a noninvasive biomarker of hepatic fibrosis in patients with Hepatitis B virus–related compensated chronic liver disease

Background: Liver biopsy is the gold-standard method for diagnosing and staging liver fibrosis, but the procedure is invasive, not available in the primary health care facilities, and not free from complications. Noninvasive serum biomarkers of hepatic fibrosis are the current research focus. Objectives: To assess the correlation between serum Chitinase 3-like 1 (CHI3L1) levels and histological severity in patients with Hepatitis B Virus (HBV)-related compensated chronic liver disease (CLD). Material and Methods: This cross-sectional study evaluated 50 treatment-naïve patients with chronic hepatitis B with compensated CLD. Liver biopsy was done, and hepatic fibrosis was categorized using the METAVIR scoring system; we divided the study subjects into three groups; group 1 included subjects with F0 and F1, group 2 having F2 group 3 having F3 and F4. Serum CHI3L1 was measured in all by immunoassay. Result: Among 50 patients, only one had METAVIR score F0, seven had F1, 33 had F2, nine had F3, and none had METAVIR score F4. The median value of CHI3L1 was 460.8 (IQR 340.1-570.3) in all study subjects; 359.5 (IQR 272.8-526.9) in group 1, 450.0 (IQR 307.75-5332.0) in group 2, and 1355.5 (IQR 530.75-1580.5) in the group 3. The difference in median CHI3L1 across the groups was statistically significant. Serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and the AST to Platelet Ratio Index (APRI) score had significant positive correlations with CHI3L1 levels. CHI3L1 also had significant positive correlations with METAVIR scores. Conclusion: This study found a positive correlation between serum CHI3L1 level and hepatic histological severity in patients with HBV-related compensated CLD. Further larger-scale research is needed to establish the fact.