Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Near-infrared spectroscopy of a nitrogen-loud quasar SDSS J1707+6443

We present near-infrared spectroscopy of the z=3.2 quasar SDSS J1707+6443, obtained with MOIRCS on the Subaru Telescope. This quasar is classified as a "nitrogen-loud" quasar because of the fairly strong NIII] and NIV] semi-forbidden emission lines from the broad-line region (BLR) observed in its rest-frame UV spectrum. However, our rest-frame optical spectrum from MOIRCS shows strong [OIII] emission from the narrow-line region (NLR) suggesting that, at variance with the BLR, NLR gas is not metal-rich. In order to reconcile these contradictory results, there may be two alternative possibilities; (1) the strong nitrogen lines from the BLR are simply due to a very high relative abundance of nitrogen rather than to a very high BLR metallicity, or (2) the BLR metallicity is not representative of the metallicity of the host galaxy, better traced by the NLR. In either case, the strong broad nitrogen lines in the UV spectrum are not indication of a chemically enriched host galaxy. We estimated the black hole mass and Eddington ratio of this quasar from the velocity width of both CIV and H_beta, that results in log(M_BH/M_sun) = 9.50 and log(L_bol/L_Edd) = -0.34. The relatively high Eddington ratio is consistent with our earlier result that strong nitrogen emission from BLRs is associated with high Eddington ratios. Finally, we detected significant [NeIII] emission from the NLR, implying a quite high gas density of n~10^6 cm^-3 and suggesting a strong coupling between quasar activity and dense interstellar clouds in the host galaxy.
Parton showers as sources of energy-momentum deposition in the QGP and their implication for shockwave formation at RHIC and at the LHC

We derive the distribution of energy and momentumtransmitted from a primary fast parton and its medium-induced bremsstrahlung gluons to a thermalized quark-gluon plasma. Our calculation takes into account the important and thus far neglected effects of quantum interference between the resulting color currents. We use our result to obtain the rate at which energy is absorbed by the medium as a function of time and find that the rate is modified by the quantum interference between the primary parton and secondary gluons. This Landau-Pomeranchuk-Migdal type interference persists for time scales relevant to heavy ion phenomenology. We further couple the newly derived source of energy and momentum deposition to linearized hydrodynamics to obtain the bulk medium response to realistic parton propagation and splitting in the quark-gluon plasma. We find that because of the characteristic large angle in-medium gluon emission and the multiple sources of energy deposition in a parton shower, formation of well defined Mach cones by energetic jets in heavy ion reactions is not likely.
Lagrangian Shadows and Triangulated Categories

Under certain assumptions (such as weak exacteness or monotonicity) we show that splitting Lagrangians through cobordism has an energy cost and, from this cost being smaller than certain explicit bounds, we deduce some strong forms of rigidity of Lagrangian intersections. As a consequence, we construct some new pseudo-metrics and metrics on certain classes of Lagrangian submanifolds. We also fit these constructions in a more general setting, independent of Lagrangian cobordism. As a main technical tool, we develop aspects of the theory of (weakly) filtered A-infinity categories.
Tail bounds for gaps between eigenvalues of sparse random matrices

We prove the first eigenvalue repulsion bound for sparse random matrices. As a consequence, we show that these matrices have simple spectrum, improving the range of sparsity and error probability from the work of the second author and Vu. As an application of our tail bounds, we show that for sparse Erdős--Renyi graphs, weak and strong nodal domains are the same, answering a question of Dekel, Lee, and Linial.
Block-modified Wishart matrices: the easy case

Associated to any complex Wishart matrix $W$ of parameters $(dn,dm)$ and any linear map $\varphi:M_n(\mathbb C)\to M_n(\mathbb C)$ is the "block-modified" matrix $\tilde{W}=(id\otimes\varphi)W$. Following some previous work with Nechita, we study here the asymptotic $*$-distribution of $\tilde{W}$, in the $d\to\infty$ limit, in the case where the modification map $\varphi$ is "easy", or more generally super-easy, in the quantum algebra/representation theory sense. Under suitable assumptions on $\varphi$ we obtain in this way a compound free Poisson law.
A well-posedness result for viscous compressible fluids with only bounded density

We are concerned with the existence and uniqueness of solutions with only bounded density for the barotropic compressible Navier-Stokes equations. Assuming that the initial velocity has slightly sub-critical regularity and that the initial density is a small perturbation (in the $L^\infty$ norm) of a positive constant, we prove the existence of local-in-time solutions. In the case where the density takes two constant values across a smooth interface (or, more generally, has striated regularity with respect to some nondegenerate family of vector-fields), we get uniqueness. This latter result supplements the work by D. Hoff in [26] with a uniqueness statement, and is valid in any dimension $d\geq2$ and for general pressure laws.
Edgeworth expansion for Euler approximation of continuous diffusion processes

In this paper we present the Edgeworth expansion for the Euler approximation scheme of a continuous diffusion process driven by a Brownian motion. Our methodology is based upon a recent work \cite{Yoshida2013}, which establishes Edgeworth expansions associated with asymptotic mixed normality using elements of Malliavin calculus. Potential applications of our theoretical results include higher order expansions for weak and strong approximation errors associated to the Euler scheme, and for studentized version of the error process.
Dissecting simulated disc galaxies - II. The age-velocity relation

We study the relation between stellar ages and vertical velocity dispersion (the age–velocity relation, or AVR) in a sample of seven simulated disc galaxies. In our simulations, the shape of the AVR for stars younger than 9 Gyr depends strongly on the merger history at low redshift, with even 1:10–1:15 mergers being able to create jumps in the AVR (although these jumps might not be detectable if the errors on stellar ages are of the order of 30 percent). For galaxies with a quiescent history at low redshift, we find that the vertical velocity dispersion rises smoothly for ages up to 8–9 Gyr, following a power law with a slope of ∼0.5, similar to what is observed in the solar neighbourhood by the Geneva-Copenhagen Survey. For these galaxies, we show that the slope of the AVR is not imprinted at birth, but is the result of subsequent heating. By contrast, in all our simulations, the oldest stars form a significantly different population, with a high velocity dispersion. These stars are usually born kinematically hot in a turbulent phase of intense mergers at high redshift, and also include some stars accreted from satellites. This maximum in σ z is strongly decreased when age errors are included, suggesting that observations can easily miss such a jump with the current accuracy of age measurements.
A UNIVERSAL DENSITY STRUCTURE FOR CIRCUMGALACTIC GAS

We develop a new method to constrain the physical conditions in the cool (∼104 K) circumgalactic medium (CGM) from measurements of ionic column densities by assuming that the cool CGM spans a large range of gas densities and that small high-density clouds are hierarchically embedded in large low-density clouds. The new method combines the information available from different sightlines during the photoionization modeling, thus yielding tighter constraints on CGM properties compared to traditional methods that model each sightline individually. Applying this new technique to the COS Halos survey of low-redshift ∼L* galaxies, we find that we can reproduce all observed ion columns in all 44 galaxies in the sample, from the low ions to , with a single universal density structure for the cool CGM. The gas densities span the range ( is the cosmic mean), while the physical size of individual clouds scales as ∼ρ−1, from ≈35 kpc for the low-density clouds to ≈6 pc for the highest-density low-ion clouds. The deduced cloud sizes are too small for this density structure to be driven by self-gravity; thus, its physical origin is unclear. The implied cool CGM mass within the virial radius is (1.3 ± 0.4) × 1010 (∼1% of the halo mass), distributed rather uniformly over the 4 decades in density. The mean cool gas density profile scales as , where R is the distance from the galaxy center. We construct a 3D model of the cool CGM based on our results, which we argue provides a benchmark for the CGM structure in hydrodynamic simulations. Our results can be tested by measuring the coherence scales of different ions.
A special Calabi–Yau degeneration with trivial monodromy

A well-known theorem of Kulikov, Persson and Pinkham states that a degeneration of a family of K3-surfaces with trivial monodromy can be completed to a smooth family. We give a simple example that an analogous statement does not hold for Calabi–Yau threefolds.
Effect of Cooking on Physicochemical and Microstructural Properties of Chicken Breast Meat

The effect of cooking on pH, juiciness, instrumental colour and microstructural properties of chicken breast meat was investigated. Industrial skinless chicken breast meat samples were purchased, frozen and sliced into dimensions , thawed and cooked by air frying (AF), baking (BK), deep fat frying (DF) and grilling (GR) at 170, 180 and 1900C for 0, 4, 8, 12 and 16 min. The pH value of the cooked samples increased from 6.05 to 6.25. Cooking methods, temperatures and times each resulted to increase in pH. The results of objective sensory instrumental analyses showed that cooking decreased significantly (p < 0.05) juiciness of cooked chicken breast meat. Samples cooked by BK had the highest juiciness value of 24.91%, while DF cooked samples had the least value of 13.89%. The instrumental analyses increased L*, a*, b* values and browning index. The temperature and time of cooking showed similar effects on juiciness and instrumental colour. Short cooking time (8 min) and 1700C resulted in higher juiciness and best appetizing appearance to the consumers. The microstructure studies showed that raw chicken breast meat had an intact muscle fibres and bundles, but cooking caused disintegration of muscle fibres, perimysial – collagen shrinkage and it resulted to drier samples with big cracks/ voids and big surface damages, particularly in AF, BK and GR cooked products at 1900C for 8 min.
A CHANDRA OBSERVATION OF THE NEARBY SCULPTOR GROUP Sd GALAXY NGC 7793

We conducted a Chandra ACIS observation of the nearby Sculptor Group Sd galaxy NGC 7793 as part of a multiwavelength study of supernova remnants (SNRs) in nearby galaxies. At the assumed distance to NGC 7793 of 3.91 Mpc, the limiting unabsorbed luminosity of the detected discrete X-ray sources is LX (0.2–10.0 keV) ≈3×1036 erg s−1. A total of 22 discrete sources were detected at the ∼3σ level or greater including one ultraluminous X-ray source (ULX). Based on multiwavelength comparisons, we identify X-ray sources coincident with one SNR, the candidate microquasar N7793-S26, one H ii region, and two foreground Galactic stars. We also find that the X-ray counterpart to the candidate radio SNR R3 is time variable in its X-ray emission: we therefore rule out the possibility that this source is a single SNR. A marked asymmetry is seen in the distribution of the discrete sources with the majority lying in the eastern half of this galaxy. All of the sources were analyzed using quantiles to estimate spectral properties and spectra of the four brightest sources (including the ULX) were extracted and analyzed. We searched for time variability in the X-ray emission of the detected discrete sources using our measured fluxes along with fluxes measured from prior Einstein and Röntgensatellit observations. From this study, three discrete X-ray sources are established to be significantly variable. A spectral analysis of the galaxy's diffuse emission is characterized by a temperature of kT = 0.19–0.25 keV. The luminosity function of the discrete sources shows a slope with an absolute value of Γ = −0.65 ± 0.11 if we exclude the ULX. If the ULX is included, the luminosity function has a long tail to high LX with a poor-fitting slope of Γ = −0.62 ± 0.2. The ULX-less slope is comparable to the slopes measured for the distributions of NGC 6946 and NGC 2403 but much shallower than the slopes measured for the distributions of IC 5332 and M83. Lastly, we comment on the multiwavelength properties of the SNR population of NGC 7793.
SIR epidemics on evolving graphs

We consider evoSIR, a variant of the SIR model, on Erd\H os-Renyi random graphs in which susceptibles with an infected neighbor break that connection at rate $\rho$ and rewire to a randomly chosen individual. We compute the critical infection rate $\lambda_c$ and the probability of a large epidemic by showing that they are the same for the delSIR model in which $S-I$ connections are deleted instead of rewired. The final size of a large delSIR epidemic has a continuous transition. Simulations suggest that the final size of a large evoSIR epidemic is discontinuous at $\lambda_c$.
On the Post-linear Quadrupole-Quadrupole Metric

The Hartle-Thorne metric defines a reliable spacetime for most astrophysical purposes, for instance simulations of slowly rotating stars. Solving the Einstein field equations, we added terms of second order in the quadrupole moment to its post-linear version in order to compare it with solutions found by Blanchet in the multi-polar post-Minkowskian framework. We first derived the extended Hartle-Thorne metric in harmonic coordinates and then showed agreement with the corresponding post-linear metric from Blanchet. We also found a coordinate transformation from the post-linear Erez- Rosen metric to our extended Hartle-Thorne spacetime. It is well known that the Hartle-Thorne solution can be smoothly matched with an interior perfect fluid solution with appropriate physical properties. A comparison among these solutions provides a validation of them. It is clear that in order to represent realistic solutions of self-gravitating (axially symmetric) matter distributions of perfect fluid, the quadrupole moment has to be included as a physical parameter.
Elements of mathematical foundations for a numerical approach for weakly random homogenization problems

This work is a follow-up to our previous work "A numerical approach related to defect-type theories for some weakly random problems in homogenization" (preprint available on this archive). It extends and complements, both theoretically and experimentally, the results presented there. Under consideration is the homogenization of a model of a weakly random heterogeneous material. The material consists of a reference periodic material randomly perturbed by another periodic material, so that its homogenized behavior is close to that of the reference material. We consider laws for the random perturbations more general than in our previous work cited above. We prove the validity of an asymptotic expansion in a certain class of settings. We also extend the formal approach introduced in our former work. Our perturbative approach shares common features with a defect-type theory of solid state physics. The computational efficiency of the approach is demonstrated.
A Compositional Shuffle Conjecture Specifying Touch Points of the Dyck Path

Abstract We introduce a $q,\,t$ -enumeration of Dyck paths that are forced to touch the main diagonal at specific points and forbidden to touch elsewhere and conjecture that it describes the action of the Macdonald theory $\nabla $ operator applied to a Hall–Littlewood polynomial. Our conjecture refines several earlier conjectures concerning the space of diagonal harmonics including the “shuffle conjecture” (Duke J. Math. 126 (2005), pp. 195 − 232) for $\nabla {{e}_{n}}\left[ X \right]$ . We bring to light that certain generalized Hall–Littlewood polynomials indexed by compositions are the building blocks for the algebraic combinatorial theory of $q,\,t$ -Catalan sequences, and we prove a number of identities involving these functions.
Stable signal recovery from incomplete and inaccurate measurements

Suppose we wish to recover a vector x0 ∈ ℝ𝓂 (e.g., a digital signal or image) from incomplete and contaminated observations y = A x0 + e; A is an 𝓃 × 𝓂 matrix with far fewer rows than columns (𝓃 ≪ 𝓂) and e is an error term. Is it possible to recover x0 accurately based on the data y?
Existence of whiskered KAM tori of conformally symplectic systems

Many physical problems are described by conformally symplectic systems (i.e. systems whose evolution in time transforms a symplectic form into a multiple of itself). We study the existence of whiskered tori in a family of conformally symplectic maps depending on parameters (often called drifts). We recall that whiskered tori are tori on which the motion is a rotation, but they have as many expanding/contracting directions as allowed by the preservation of the geometric structure. Our main result is formulated in an a posteriori format. We fix satisfying Diophantine conditions. We assume that we are given (1) a value of the parameter , (2) an embedding of the torus K0 into the phase space, approximately invariant under in the sense that (where is the shift by ) is small (in some norm), (3) a splitting of the tangent space at the range of K0, into three bundles which are approximately invariant under and such that the derivative satisfies ‘rate conditions’ on each of the components. Then, if some non-degeneracy conditions (verifiable by a finite calculation on the approximate solution and which do not require any global property of the map) are satisfied, we show that there is another parameter , an embedding and splittings close to the original ones which are invariant under . We also bound , and the distance of the initial and final splittings in terms of the initial error. We allow that the stable/unstable bundles are nontrivial (i.e. not homeomorphic to a product bundle). On the other hand, we show that the geometric set up has the global consequence that the center bundle is necessarily trivial (i.e. homeomorphic to a product bundle). The proof of the main theorem consists in describing an iterative process that takes advantage of cancellations coming from the geometry. Then, we show that the process converges to a true solution when started from an approximate enough solution. The iterative process leads to an efficient algorithm that is quite practical to implement. The a posteriori format of the theorem implies the usual formulation of persistence under perturbations (the solutions for the original systems are approximate solutions for the perturbation), but it also allows to justify approximate solutions produced by any method (for example numerical solutions or asymptotic formal expansions). As an application, we study the singular problem of effects of small dissipation on whiskered tori. We develop formal (presumably not convergent) expansions in the perturbative parameter (which generates dissipation) and use them as input for the a posteriori theorem. This allows to obtain lower bounds for the domain of analyticity of the tori as function of the perturbative parameter. Even if we state only the theory for maps, our results apply also to flows.
The Number Density Evolution of Extreme Emission Line Galaxies in 3D-HST: Results from a Novel Automated Line Search Technique for Slitless Spectroscopy

The multiplexing capability of slitless spectroscopy is a powerful asset in creating large spectroscopic data sets, but issues such as spectral confusion make the interpretation of the data challenging. Here we present a new method to search for emission lines in the slitless spectroscopic data from the 3D-HST survey utilizing the Wide-Field Camera 3 on board the Hubble Space Telescope. Using a novel statistical technique, we can detect compact (extended) emission lines at 90% completeness down to fluxes of , close to the noise level of the grism exposures, for objects detected in the deep ancillary photometric data. Unlike previous methods, the Bayesian nature allows for probabilistic line identifications, namely redshift estimates, based on secondary emission line detections and/or photometric redshift priors. As a first application, we measure the comoving number density of Extreme Emission Line Galaxies (restframe [O iii] λ5007 equivalent widths in excess of 500 Å). We find that these galaxies are nearly 10× more common above z ∼ 1.5 than at z ≲ 0.5. With upcoming large grism surveys such as Euclid and WFIRST, as well as grisms featured prominently on the NIRISS and NIRCam instruments on the James Webb Space Telescope, methods like the one presented here will be crucial for constructing emission line redshift catalogs in an automated and well-understood manner.
Clinicopathological Patterns and Biochemical Markers in Serum of Uterine Leiomyoma Patients

Background: Uterine fibroids (leiomyomas) are exceedingly common reproductive neoplasms with foremost public health impact. A cross-sectional study was performed to systematically investigate the marker enzymes, clinicopathological correlations, and electrolyte profile in myoma Method: This study enrolled 44 control and 46 leiomyoma subjects, aged 21- 50 years. Anthropometric parameters, detailed history of disease and clinicopathological outcomes were documented via a standardized questionnaire followed by uterine ultrasound investigation. Venous blood samples were taken for the measurement of marker enzymes and serum electrolyte concentration with commercially accessible kits Results: In the age group between 30-40 years high incidence of myoma (43.5%) was found. Majority of fibroids were observed single (52%) and Intramural uterine fibroids were found more common type (61%) of leiomyomas. Menorrhagia was frequent clinical demonstration with 63% leiomyoma cases. In 26% myoma women positive family history of leiomyomas was also observed. A significant increase in diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and body mass index (BMI) while in parity a significant decrease was recorded in leiomyoma patients in comparison with controls. Serum electrolytes investigation revealed a substantial increase in the calcium (Ca2+) as well as chloride (Cl–) concentration and significant drop in potassium (K+) concentration in myoma subjects when compared to the controls. While for serum sodium (Na+) concentration, a non-significant difference was documented between comparable groups. Analysis of marker enzymes manifested a significant increase in the serum concentration of aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT) and acid phosphatase (ACP) in fibroid patients in comparison to controls whereas non-significant variations were recorded for serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP) concentration. Conclusion: A reduced serum K+ concentrations and raised Ca2+, Cl–and Na+ levels in the leiomyoma patients illustrate increased estrogen concentration, that may be responsible for fibroid growth and serum concentration of AST, ACP and ALP are sustainable diagnostic markers of uterine fibroids.