Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
New Treatment of the Rotary Motion of a Rigid Body with Estimated Natural Frequency

In this paper, the problem of the motion of a rigid body about a fixed point under the action of a Newtonian force field is studied when the natural frequency . This case of singularity appears in the previous works and deals with different bodies which are classified according to the moments of inertia. Using the large parameter method, the periodic solutions for the equations of motion of this problem are obtained in terms of a large parameter, which will be defined later. The geometric interpretation of the considered motion will be given in terms of Euler’s angles. The numerical solutions for the system of equations of motion are obtained by one of the well-known numerical methods. The comparison between the obtained numerical solutions and analytical ones is carried out to show the errors between them and to prove the accuracy of both used techniques. In the end, we obtain the case of the regular precession type as a special case. The stability of the motion is considered by the phase diagram procedures.
Automatic Detection of Welding Defects Using Faster R-CNN

In the shipbuilding industry, the non-destructive testing for welding quality inspection is mainly used for the permanent storage of the testing results and the radio-graphic testing which can visually inspect the interior of the welded part. Experts are required to properly detect the test results and it takes a lot of time and cost to manually Interpret the radio-graphic testing image of the structure over 500 blocks. The algorithms that automatically interpret the existing radio-graphic testing images to extract features through image pre-processing and classify the defects using neural networks, and only partial automation is performed. In order to implement the feature extraction and classification in one algorithm and to implement the overall automation, this paper proposes a method of automatically detecting welding defect using Faster R-CNN which is a deep learning basis. We analyzed the data to learn algorithms and compared the performance improvements using data augmentation method to artificially increase the limited data. In order to appropriately extract the features of the radio-graphic testing image, two internal feature extractors of Faster R-CNN were selected, compared, and performance evaluation was performed.
Are women from man-older unions economically disadvantaged following separation? Analysing benefit recipiency among ancestral and immigrant mothers in Sweden

Separation is often costly for mothers. That mothers are more likely to experience economic hardship after dissolution than fathers is thought to be partly due to gender dynamics in the household while the union is intact. Yet we know little of how economic consequences of separation play out for different groups of women, for instance by their partner age gap. Women who are younger than their male partner are often thought to have lesser agency, but evidence mostly comes from contexts where gender equality is low. Here we use register data from Sweden, to examine the role of partner age gaps for dissolution of childbearing unions, and the increase in benefit recipiency among women after dissolution. We ask whether women from man-older unions are at greater risk of economic disadvantage after separation, and whether these patterns vary for women with Swedish background and women with African or Middle Eastern background (among whom man-older unions are common). We find that man-older unions have higher dissolution risks among ancestral Swedish couples, whereas woman-older unions have higher risks among women of immigrant background. Benefit recipiency increases after separation, but we find no strong evidence of differences by age gaps for either ancestral Swedish or immigrant women.
Molecular Reorientation and Structural Changes in Cosolvent-Treated Highly Conductive PEDOT:PSS Electrodes for Flexible Indium Tin Oxide-Free Organic Electronics

Cosolvent addition of glycerol (G) and the use of the cosolvent ethylene glycol (EG) increase the conductivity of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene-sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) films to values on the order of indium tin oxide conductivity. The underlying morphological changes are probed via scanning electron microscopy as well as advanced scattering techniques microfocused grazing incidence small- and wide-angle X-ray scattering. The enhancement in conductivity is ascribed to fundamental morphological changes and molecular reorientation within crystalline domains. Thereby, the conductivity enhancement is directly correlated to domain ruptures toward smaller and more densely packed PEDOT domains together with an enhanced crystallinity, the removal of PSS molecules, and moreover a reorientation of the conjugated PEDOT molecules. The latter is reported and quantified here for PEDOT:PSS films for the first time.
Impedance behavior of spin-valve transistor

The magnetoimpedance (MZ) effect of the pseudo-spin-valve transistor (PSVT) was investigated at room temperature in the frequency ranged from 100Hzto15MHz. The PSVT can be regarded as a complex combination of resistors, inductors, and capacitors, while the impedance (Z) consists of a real part, the resistance (R), and an imaginary part, the reactance (X). Besides, all these components exhibit magnetic hysteresis. It is due to the frequency dependent behavior that R does not reach a minimum at the resonant frequency (fr). The frequency dependences of MZ and MX ratios cross zero at fx=6.5MHz and at fr=3.65MHz, respectively. The shape of magnetoreactance (MX) loop is reverse to the magnetoresistance (MR) loop; furthermore, MX ratio changes sign from negative at f fr. The MZ loop also reverses shape and sign after crossing fx. For instance, the MZ loop with a ratio of 0.077% at 6MHz switches to −0.086% and −0.125% at 7 and 8MHz, respectively.
Entomopatogen nematode exploration and virulency against Spodoptera frugiperda J.E Smith

Corn (Zea mays L) is a very important food and animal feed after rice. One of the important pests that attack corn plants is Spodoptera frugiperda J.E Smith. This pest is a new pest and is a major pest in corn. In pest control, farmers generally use synthetic chemicals. In an effort to reduce these negative impacts synthetic chemical, entomopathogenic nematode (NEP) was chosen as one of the more environmentally friendly control techniques. This study aims to obtain NEP isolates, population density and virulence against S. frugiperda. This research was conducted at the Plant Protection Laboratory, Bengkulu University from December 2019 to April 2020. This study used a Factorial Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 4 treatments and 5 replications. The treatments consisted of NEP concentrations : 0 Jl / ml; 200 Jl / 1ml; 400 Jl / 2ml; 600 Jl / 3ml originating from Bengkulu and Kepahiang isolates. Each experiment consisted of 3 S. frugiperda larvae. The results showed that the NEP obtained from each region, namely the genus Steinermatidae. Population density of 9,005 NEP / 5ml in the Kepahiang area and 6,837 NEP / 5ml in the Bengkulu region. NEP virulence test against S. frugiperda larvae showed that 200 Jl / ml concentration was able to control S. frugiperda in maize , and can kill pests within 4 days. With an LC50 value of 163.5 Jl / ml in Kepahiang isolates and 186.5 Jl / ml in Bengkulu isolates.
EEG-correlated fMRI of P3b component in P300 waves

Electroencephalography-correlated functional magnetic resonance imaging (EEG/fMRI) can be used to identify blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) signal changes associated with both physiological and pathological EEG events. Here, we implemented continuous and simultaneous EEG/fMRI to identify BOLD signal changes related to P3b component of P300, and 64 channels of EEG were recorded in 11 subjects during Landot Ring task inside a 1.5 T functional magnet resonance (MR) scanner using an MR-compatible EEG recording system. Functional scanning by echoplanar imaging covered almost the entire cerebrum every 2 s, leaving gaps of 2 s without scanning. Off-line MRI artifact subtraction software was applied to obtain continuous EEG data. Additionally, a P300 wave matched filter was constructed to inspect P300 wave occurrence following every target stimulus, target stimuli inspected to induce P300 were detected and their MRI scan number were then used as input for an event-related fMRI analysis. Finally MRI statistical parametric maps were constructed and corrected for multiple comparisons. By random effect group analysis, activations were detected in the right superior parietal lobule and bilaterally in inferior parietal lobule(p<0.001, uncorrected). The results demonstrated the upper regions were sources of P3b component and involved in target detection in memory comparison task.
Food Practices and Family Lives in Urban China

With a growing population, rising housing costs and housing providers struggling to meet demand for affordable accommodation, more and more people in the UK find themselves sharing their living spaces with people from outside of their families at some point in their lives. Focusing on sharers in a wide variety of contexts and at all stages of the life course, Shared Housing, Shared Lives demonstrates how personal relationships are the key to whether shared living arrangements falter or flourish. Indeed, this book demonstrates how issues such as finances, domestic space and daily routines are all factors which can impact upon personal relationships and wider understandings of the home and privacy. By directing attention towards people and relationships rather than bricks and mortar, Shared Housing, Shared Lives is essential reading for students and researchers in fields such as sociology, housing studies, social policy, cultural anthropology and demography, as well as for researchers and practitioners working in these areas. Download ebook, read file pdf Everyday Experiences Across the Lifecourse
Angiosperms in Narsingdi district of Bangladesh: Class Liliopsida

This study provides the taxonomic data on 168 plant species belonging to 96 genera and 23 families of Liliopsida (monocotyledons) extant in Narsingdi district of Bangladesh. These species are mostly comprised of herbs (90.48%), followed by trees and shrubs (4.76% each). Poaceae with 66 species under 37 genera is the best represented family, followed by Cyperaceae with 26 species of seven genera, Araceae with 16 species of 11 genera, Commelinaceae with 11 species of four genera and Arecaceae with 10 species of eight genera. Cyperus with 13 species appears as the largest genus, which is followed by Panicum with nine species, Digitaria with six species, and Commelina and Dioscorea with five species each. The six upazilas of this district are 39.77% similar in the species composition of their Liliopsida, but the similarity between the pairs of upazilas varies from 6.45% to 32.31%. Roadside and fallow land habitats share the highest similarity (36.84%) in species composition. Total 117 species are distinguished as economically useful. This study suggests for implementation of necessary measures in order to minimize the major threats to this plant group and to favor its sustainable development in the study area. Bangladesh J. Plant Taxon. 27(2): 391-405, 2020 (December)
Movements as multiplicities and contentious branding: lessons from the digital exploration of #Occupy and #Anonymous

ABSTRACT This conceptual paper wishes to contribute to the debate on digitally mediated movements by developing the perspective of ‘contentious branding’. The empirical research has followed the #Occupy and #Anonymous hashtags around popular social media, reconstructing their highly heterogeneous adoption. A branding perspective on contentious politics is aimed at highlighting the diverse and sometimes contradictory appropriations of the ‘semiotic repertoires’ of protest movements, particularly apparent within digital networks of communication. A contentious branding perspective on social movements not only tries to fit these specific cases better: it intends to provide an epistemological and methodological device to sustain a non-essentialist understanding of social movements in general, and to face the challenges and opportunities of digital social movement research in particular. The first section of the paper briefly discusses the concepts ‘social movement’ and ‘branding’, characterizing the proposed idea of ‘contentious branding’. Some insights derived from a broader digital exploration on the uses of the hashtags #Occupy and #Anonymous then serve to emphasize their variable, incoherent and at times contradictory utilization: few of the several reiterations of the brand Occupy, deviating from its original use, are presented, and a heuristic categorization of Anonymous’ diverse issues of involvement is proposed. Based on this, the discussion further develops the concept of contentious branding, clarifying its analytical boundaries vis a vis neighboring approaches in social movement theory. The conclusion discusses some of the epistemological and methodological implications that contentious branding bears for the study of social movements in the digital age.
Organic aerosol volatility and viscosity in North China Plain:
Contrast between summer and winter

Volatility and viscosity have substantial impacts on gas–particle partitioning, formation and evolution of aerosol and hence the predictions of aerosol-related air quality and climate effects. Here aerosol volatility and viscosity at a rural site (Gucheng) and an urban site (Beijing) in the North China Plain (NCP) in summer and winter were investigated by using a thermodenuder coupled with a highresolution aerosol mass spectrometer. The effective saturation concentration (C) of organic aerosol (OA) in summer was smaller than that in winter (0.55 μg m−3 vs. 0.71– 0.75 μg m−3), indicating that OA in winter in the NCP is more volatile due to enhanced primary emissions from coal combustion and biomass burning. The volatility distributions varied and were largely different among different OA factors. In particular, we found that hydrocarbon-like OA (HOA) contained more nonvolatile compounds compared to coalcombustion-related OA. The more oxidized oxygenated OA (MO-OOA) showed overall lower volatility than less oxidized OOA (LO-OOA) in both summer and winter, yet the volatility of MO-OOA was found to be relative humidity (RH) dependent showing more volatile properties at higher RH. Our results demonstrated the different composition and chemical formation pathways of MO-OOA under different RH levels. The glass transition temperature (Tg) and viscosity of OA in summer and winter are estimated using the recently developed parameterization formula. Our results showed that the Tg of OA in summer in Beijing (291.5 K) was higher than that in winter (289.7–290.0 K), while it varied greatly among different OA factors. The viscosity suggested that OA existed mainly as solid in winter in Beijing Published by Copernicus Publications on behalf of the European Geosciences Union. 5464 W. Xu et al.: Organic aerosol volatility and viscosity in the North China Plain (RH= 29± 17 %), but as semisolids in Beijing in summer (RH= 48± 25 %) and Gucheng in winter (RH= 68± 24 %). These results have the important implication that kinetically limited gas–particle partitioning may need to be considered when simulating secondary OA formation in the NCP.
Preparation and phase transformation of nanocrystalline copper sulfides (Cu9S8, Cu7S4 and CuS) at low temperature

Nanocrystallites of non-stoichiometric copper sulfides were synthesized via the reaction between [Cu(NH3)4]2+ and thiourea in sealed autoclaves at the low temperature of 60°C for 3 h. Thiourea played a key role in the process of Cu9S8 nanocrystal formation. Through adjusting the redox atmosphere, Cu7S4 and CuS were obtained from the freshly formed Cu9S8 nanocrystals. The products were characterized by means of X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), FT-IR spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) techniques. The Cu ∶ S atomic ratios for Cu9S8 and Cu7S4 were 9 ∶ 8.08 and 7 ∶ 4.05, respectively, analyzed by inductively coupled plasma (ICP) spectroscopy. The possible mechanism of phase transformation among copper sulfides (Cu9S8, CuS, and Cu7S4) was discussed. The optical properties of the products were also recorded by means of UV–vis absorption, and photoluminescence spectroscopy.
FDTD simulation of the optical properties for gold nanoparticles

The optical properties of gold nanoparticles such as strong extinction and surface plasmon resonance can be adjusted by altering the structure, which was used widely in the surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS). In this paper, the optical properties of gold nanoparticles were investigated by using the Finite-Difference Time-Domain (FDTD) method. The influences of AuNP-size and NP-NP-spacing on the local electric field and extinction properties were analyzed in detail. The results showed that the electric field intensity of AuNPs increased rapidly with the increasing size. Meanwhile, the formant appeared blue shift and the peak intensity increased first and then decreased with the increase of NP-NP-spacing. The theoretical calculation results are concordant with experimental results. The FDTD simulation results of this paper have a guiding significance in SERS areas.
Rebuilding the past through dusty stuff: How Turkish students respond to primary source based social studies education?

While the use of primary sources in education has long been an object of interest, their adoption is still lacking in social studies courses in Turkey. This work presents the results of a qualitative study conducted with the participation of 37 students and a social studies teacher with the aim to reveal 7 th- grade students’ and teachers’ opinions on primary source-based activities used to teach a social studies unit. Semi-structured interviews, field observation notes, and primary source analysis handouts were used. We find that primary source-based activities helped participants to better understand the lessons, increased interest, motivation, and participation in the course, supported empathy development, and gave students the opportunity to express themselves. Some of the issues that emerged in the use of primary sources were the difficult readability of some of the sources, challenges in managing time effectively, and difficulty for some of the students to work in groups efficiently. Key Words: Primary source, social studies education, social studies education in Turkey
Prevalence of Use of Social Network Sites among Adolescent Secondary School Students, Lilongwe, Malawi

The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of use of social network sites among adolescent students in secondary schools. A cross-sectional study design was done and simple random sampling technique was used. Quantitative research methodologies were used in data generation and analysis. Data was collected in April (2019), n=59 students were involved. SPSSv26 and Excel were used in quantitative data analysis. N=59 participants involved; Females (54%) and Males (46%). Aged between 10-19 years; attending year 1 to 4 of secondary school education. Gadgets used for social networking were smartphones (88%), personal computers (8%) and iPads (4%). The social network sites that were used were Facebook, YouTube, LinkedIn, Twitter and WhatsApp. The study further observed that some students are bullied on social media platforms. The purpose for use of these social network sites was for the following reasons; entertainment (45%), keep in contact with old friends (39%), make new friends (10%) and academic purposes (9%). Adolescents are using social network sites in secondary schools. If the use of social media platforms can be well utilized, it may result in improved education among learners in low income settings like Malawi.
Morphological characterization and Genetic diversity analysis of a Tunisian durum wheat (Triticum turgidum var. durum) collection

Background: Tunisia is a center of genetic diversity of durum wheat and has a large number of abandoned old local landraces. An accurate investigation and characterization of the morphological and genetic features of these landraces would allow their rehabilitation and use for practical and beneficial purposes. In this context, a collection of 304 local accessions of durum wheat, collected from five regions and three climatic zones of central and southern Tunisia, was studied. Results: Morphological characterization was carried out using 12 spike-related traits and rendered a mean Shannon-Weaver Index (H') of 0.80 indicating the presence of a high level of polymorphism among accessions. Based on these traits 11 local landraces, namely Mahmoudi, Azizi, Jneh Khotifa, Mekki, Biskri, Taganrog, Biada, Badri, Richi, Roussia and Souri were identified. Spike length (H’=0.98) and shape (H’=0.86) with grains size (H’=0.94), form (H’=0.87) and color (H’=0.86) were the most polymorphic morphological traits. The genetic diversity was assessed using 10 SSR markers, with a polymorphic information content (PIC) of 0.69. Levels of genetic diversity were generally high, with a Shannon's Information Index (I) of 0.62 and a gene diversity (He) of 0.35. In addition, population structure analysis distinguished 11 genetic subpopulations significantly correlated with the morphological identification. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) showed high genetic variations within regions (81%) and within wheat subpopulations (41%) reflecting a considerable amount of admixture between landraces. The moderate (19%) and high (59%) genetic variations among regions and among wheat subpopulations observed highlighted farmers selection practices . Furthermore, Mahmoudi landrace showed spike densities significantly different between the center to the south of Tunisia; notably loose spikes with open glumes in the south and compact ones in the center, which may represent an adaptation form for tolerance to high temperature. Conclusion: Overall, this study underlined the genetic richness of local resources for better in situ or ex situ conservation and for their subsequent use in plant breeding programs.
Toxicological Comparisons of Three Styles of a Commercial U.S. Cigarette (Marlboro®) with the 1R4F Reference Cigarette

Toxicological comparisons were made of three commercial cigarettes, namely Marlboro® full flavor, Marlboro Lights, and Marlboro Ultra Lights, with the 1R4F reference cigarette. The main comparison was a 90-d inhalation study with mainstream smoke at 150 mg total particulate matter per cubic meter, in Sprague-Dawley rats using 6 h/d and 7 d/w exposures. The principal endpoint was histopathology of the respiratory tract, along with examinations of free lung cell counts after broncho-alveolar lavage. Additional studies on mainstream smoke included Salmonella mutagenicity, cytotoxicity of particulate and gas/vapor phases, and analytical chemistry. The exposures produced effectively the same responses in each of the four groups, and the histopathology results in the commercial cigarette groups were also effectively the same. The 1R4F was also tested at 75 and 200 mg/m3, and most of the histopathology results obtained here showed dose-response relationships. The free lung cell responses were similar in the 1R4F/commercial cigarette comparison, and there were dose-related changes in the 1R4F groups, most notably for neutrophils. Most of the changes produced in the 90–d of exposure were resolved in a 42-d post-inhalation period. Responses in the in vitro and analytical assays for the four cigarettes were in general similar, when data were expressed either per mg TPM or per mg tar yield. There were judged to be no toxicologically meaningful differences between the profiles evaluated at similar smoke concentrations for the three commercial cigarettes and for the 1R4F using these assays.