Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Towards a Traceable Data Model Accommodating Bounded Uncertainty for DST Based Computation of BRCA1/2 Mutation Probability With Age

In this paper, we describe the requirements for traceable open-source data retrieval in the context of computation of BRCA1/2 mutation probabilities (mutations in two tumor-suppressor genes responsible for hereditary BReast or/and ovarian CAncer). We show how such data can be used to develop a Dempster-Shafer model for computing the probability of BRCA1/2 mutations enhanced by taking into account the actual age of a patient or a family member in an appropriate way even if it is not known exactly. The model is compared with PENN II and BOADICEA (based on undisclosed data), two established platforms for this purpose accessible online, as well as with our own previous models. A proof-of-concept implementation shows that set-based techniques are able to provide better information about mutation probabilities, simultaneously highlighting the necessity for ground truth data of high quality.
Carbon Isotopic Geochemistry and Origin of Natural Gases in the Southern Part of the Western Sichuan Depression

The southern part of the Western Sichuan Depression is one of the major gas-producing provinces in Sichuan Basin. There previously existed several different opinions on the gas origin of this area. In order to get a better understanding of the source and migration of natural gases in this area, the authors analyzed carbon isotopic compositions of C 1-C 4 hydrocarbon and CO 2 components of these gases. Natural gas samples were collected from 16 producing wells of well- known Pingluoba, Daxingxi and Beimamiao gas fields. Together with chemical composition and geological information, the isotope data indicate that hydrocarbons of all three gas-fields seem to be entirely thermogenic and are derived from the Upper Triassic source rocks at a relatively great burial depth. Methane and ethane of these gas fields display different trends of isotopic compositional variations with depth. These changes can be attributed to the thermal cracking process during the formation and the dynamic process during the secondary migration of these hydrocarbons. The hydrocarbons in Pingluoba and Daxingxi gas fields are assumed to have migrated from deeply buried source rocks to shallower reservoirs. In addition, the hydrocarbons of Middle Jurassic reservoirs in the Pingluoba gas field have greater wetness and lighter isotopic composition than those of Upper Triassic reservoirs, which is believed to be the result of their generation from early mature source rocks and their mixing with late mature gases. Having high wetness and heavy isotopic composition, the Beimamiao hydrocarbons are supposed to have been migrating into the Late-Jurassic reservoirs along faults and fractures.
On the computation of Darcian velocity and mass balance in the finite element modeling of groundwater flow

Darcian velocity has been conventionally calculated in the finite element modeling of groundwater flow by taking the derivatives of the computed pressure field. This results in discontinuities in the velocity field at nodal points and element boundaries. Discontinuities become enormous when the computed pressure field is far from a linear distribution. It is proposed in this paper that the finite element procedure that is used to simulate the pressure field or the moisture content field also be applied to Darcy's law with the derivatives of the computed pressure field as the load function. The problem of discontinuity is then eliminated, and the error of mass balance over the region of interest is much reduced. The reduction is from 23.8% to 2.2% by one numerical scheme and from 29.7% to –3.6% by another for a transient problem.
Analysis on the Hydrology and Water Resources of Gez River in Karakorum Mountain

Gez River rises in Karakorum Mountain located on the western marginal zone of Taklamakan Desert, Tarim Basin, is the second largest tributary in the Kaxgar River watershed. In recent 10 years, the occurring frequency of flood disasters is higher than that in the previous years since the hydrological observation, and the loss of people's life and property increases in big amplitude. In this paper, the runoff volume and the climate change in the Gez River watershed are analyzed, it is considered that the frequent occurrence of flood disasters is mainly caused by the precipitation and temperature increase, which results in a violent melt and shrinkage of modern glaciers in the alpine zones and the increase of runoff volume. The local climate change also proves that the climate in northwest China is changing from warming-drying type to warming-wetting type.
The Influence Of Compensation And Motivation On Employee Performance At The Tamansari Semanggi Apartment

Human resource management organizes, coordinates, and manages the acquisition, reconciliation improvement, support and end of employment relationships entirely aimed at achieving organizational goals in a coordinated manner. Through careful HR planning, a representative's level of presentation can be substantially expanded. The aim of this research is to examine how compensation and motivation impact the performance of employees in the Tamansari Semanggi Apartment. This scholarly article employs quantitative data collected through the distribution of questionnaires. The research utilizes purposive sampling, involving a sample of 130 employees from the Tamansari Semanggi Apartments. The analysis of the data includes instrument tests such as tests for validity and reliability, multiple regression analysis, and traditional assumption tests such as multicollinearity, heteroscedasticity, and normality testing. Furthermore, hypothesis testing involves t-tests, f-tests, and coefficient of determination tests. The research results show that compensation variables partially do not affect employee performance, motivation variables partially affect employee performance, and compensation variables and motivation variables simultaneously affect employee performance
Phenol Biodegradation by some Bacterial Species Isolated from Oil Contaminated Environments

Phenols are poisonous chemical molecules that affect human and other mammals as well as the aquatic environment, particularly higher species in fresh water environments. useing microorganisms through bioremediation is an efficient technique for reducing dangerous chemicals and detoxification of soil contaminated with hydrocarbons. The aim of this study is to investigate the efficiency of some local bacterial species to degrade phenol. Bacterial species were isolated from soils contaminated with hydrocarbons from Al-Diwaniyah and Al-Basrah governorates. The remaining concentration of phenol was examined usingthe 4-aminoantipyrine assay. The results showed that the rate of decomposition of Enterobacter cloacae complex was 100% after an incubation period of 120h, pantoea spp was 100% after an incubation period of 120h, Acinetobacter lwoffii was 100% after an incubation period of 144h, Aeromonas salmonicida was 100% after an incubation period 168h, Escherichia hermannii was 100% after an incubation period of 168h, Sphingomonas paucimobilis was 100% after an incubation period of 168h, Streptococcus thoraltensis was 100% after an incubation period of 168h, Bacillus licheniformis was 97.98%after an incubation period of 168h, Bacillus subtilis was 95.91% after an incubation period of 168h, and Bacillus firmus was 70.91% after an incubation period of 168h. The tested bacterial strains can offer a potential basis for bioremediation of phenol polluted locations.
Surface latent and sensible heat trigger flash drought events in India

The flash drought has gained widespread attention as a result of its rapid onset with severe impacts. However, a comprehensive assessment of different flash droughts based on various modulators is not carried out over India to date. Here, we attempt to answer the following research questions, (i) What is the status of different flash drought events due to soil moisture percentile drop (SMPD), standardized evaporative stress ratio (SESR), heat‐wave‐driven (HWD) and precipitation‐deficit‐driven (PDD) in India? (ii) How are these flash droughts distributed across India concerning occurrences, areal coverage, and persistence? (iii) What are the dominant factors that trigger different types of flash droughts? Lindeman, Merenda and Gold (LMG) method is used to examine the dominant factor. We find that PDD flash drought is noticed for the maximum time during 1959–2020. The SMPD flash drought occurrence is observed over northern parts of India. Mostly, Rabi and Zaid seasons experience the incidence of SMPD, SESR, and PDD flash drought conditions. However, HWD flash drought in more than 50% of the states is prominent in the Kharif season. The areal coverage shows a decreasing trend in the cases of SMPD, SESR, and PDD flash drought events. However, HWD flash drought condition has shown an increasing trend. The maximum percentage of SMPD and SESR flash drought events persisted for three to six pentads and five to eight pentads after the onset, respectively. For HWD and PDD flash droughts, most of the events last only for one to two pentads. The sensible heat flux and latent heat flux are responsible for triggering the flash drought events over most of parts in India.
Veiling and Unveiling: Attitudes and Experiences of University Students in the Punjab

This study intended to explore the attitude differences in university students wearing veil vs. those not wearing it and their cause of inspiration for veiling/not veiling in universities. Interviews were conducted in three universities of the Punjab, Pakistan, from sixty students, twenty from each university, ten wearing veil and ten not wearing veil. Data revealed very interesting patterns of attitude, of which most striking was strong attitude of veiled ones against the unveiled. Unveiled students were very careful in their comments but certainly were not in favor of adopting it. It was found out that personal preferences, religious obligation, family pressure and social value were the main causes of wearing veil. It was suggested that the phenomena of veiling needs to be understood more deeply in different educational contexts to know its implications for teaching and learning.
Assessing Integrity Determinant among UiTM Tapah Students on Solid Waste Management and Environmental Care using Logistic Regression

Solid waste (SW) refers to non-liquid waste generated by households, individuals, small businesses, or institutions. The increasing production of waste poses significant challenges for environmental management, affecting air, water, soil, and public health, and leading to landfill space shortages and rising costs of waste management. These challenges are influenced by population growth and economic advancement, which impact people's behaviors, lifestyles, and consumption patterns. There is a lack of studies investigating the role of individual integrity in the context of environmental care and solid waste management. This study aims to fill this research gap by examining how awareness, attitude, knowledge, practice, and perception influence the integrity levels of students in relation to environmental care and solid waste management. A questionnaire was created using Google Forms with 23 questions on a 7-point Likert scale. The study included 44 students from various faculties at UiTM Tapah, chosen through convenience sampling. The study had six variables: Level of Integrity towards Environmental Care and Solid Waste Management (dependent variable), and Awareness, Attitude, Knowledge, Practice, and Perception (independent variables). Logistic Regression Analysis was used to analyze the data. Findings revealed that Awareness, Attitude, and Practice had a significant impact on the Level of Integrity, while Knowledge and Perception did not. Specifically, Awareness, Knowledge, Practice, and Perception strongly influenced the Integrity Level, but Attitude had a slight negative impact.
Impact of AMO Enhancing HR Practices in Private Higher Education Institutions on Academicians’ Wellbeing: A Conceptual Paper

Employees wellbeing is critical to organizational performance and sustainability. Similarly, understanding how human resource (HR) practices influence employee wellbeing is a crucial aspect of organizational management. The heightened competition among private higher education institutions, increasing workloads and conflicting roles demands have led to burnout, fatigue and declining health among academicians. Despite these, academicians are expected to continuously uphold their tutelary role in society. Thus, it is crucial to ensure that academicians can continue to flourish in their role through quality worklife and wellbeing. This conceptual paper proposed a framework based on the AMO Theory to examine the impact of HR practices on academician’s wellbeing and determining whether organizational identification will mediate the relationship. Questionnaires grounded on previous research and adapted to suit the study context will be distributed to lecturers in thirty-seven private higher education institutions in Klang Valley using convenience sampling to gather data on how the ability, motivation and opportunity enhancing HR practices influence the physical, psychological, and social well-being of academicians. Based on literature, it is hypothesized that there is a significant relationship between HR practices and employee wellbeing and the relationship will be mediated by organizational identification. This study enable university management to focus and invest in the right practices impacting wellness at the workplace to further promote the wellbeing of academicians.
Improving Reward Estimation in Goal-Conditioned Imitation Learning with Counterfactual Data and Structural Causal Models

: Imitation learning has emerged as a pragmatic alternative to reinforcement learning for teaching agents to execute specific tasks, mitigating the complexity associated with reward engineering. However, the deployment of imitation learning in real-world scenarios is hampered by numerous challenges. Often, the scarcity and expense of demonstration data hinder the effectiveness of imitation learning algorithms. In this paper, we present a novel approach to enhance the sample efficiency of goal-conditioned imitation learning. Leveraging the principles of causality, we harness structural causal models as a formalism to generate counterfactual data. These counterfactual instances are used as additional training data, effectively improving the learning process. By incorporating causal insights, our method demonstrates its ability to improve imitation learning efficiency by capitalizing on generated counterfactual data. Through experiments on simulated robotic manipulation tasks, such as pushing, moving, and sliding objects, we showcase how our approach allows for the learning of better reward functions resulting in improved performance with a limited number of demonstrations, paving the way for a more practical and effective implementation of imitation learning in real-world scenarios.
From cultivation to cancer: formation of N-nitrosamines and other carcinogens in smokeless tobacco and their mutagenic implications

Abstract Tobacco use is a major cause of preventable morbidity and mortality globally. Tobacco products, including smokeless tobacco (ST), generally contain tobacco-specific N-nitrosamines (TSNAs), such as N′-nitrosonornicotine (NNN) and 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-butanone (NNK), which are potent carcinogens that cause mutations in critical genes in human DNA. This review covers the series of biochemical and chemical transformations, related to TSNAs, leading from tobacco cultivation to cancer initiation. A key aim of this review is to provide a greater understanding of TSNAs: their precursors, the microbial and chemical mechanisms that contribute to their formation in ST, their mutagenicity leading to cancer due to ST use, and potential means of lowering TSNA levels in tobacco products. TSNAs are not present in harvested tobacco but can form due to nitrosating agents reacting with tobacco alkaloids present in tobacco during certain types of curing. TSNAs can also form during or following ST production when certain microorganisms perform nitrate metabolism, with dissimilatory nitrate reductases converting nitrate to nitrite that is then released into tobacco and reacts chemically with tobacco alkaloids. When ST usage occurs, TSNAs are absorbed and metabolized to reactive compounds that form DNA adducts leading to mutations in critical target genes, including the RAS oncogenes and the p53 tumor suppressor gene. DNA repair mechanisms remove most adducts induced by carcinogens, thus preventing many but not all mutations. Lastly, because TSNAs and other agents cause cancer, previously documented strategies for lowering their levels in ST products are discussed, including using tobacco with lower nornicotine levels, pasteurization and other means of eliminating microorganisms, omitting fermentation and fire-curing, refrigerating ST products, and including nitrite scavenging chemicals as ST ingredients.
The evolution and consequences of the EU Emissions Trading System (EU ETS)

Jon B. Skjaerseth, professeur associe, Fridtjof Nansen Institute (Norvege), a presente dans le cadre du panel Gestion des risques environnementaux par les institutions financieres, une conference intitulee "The evolution and consequences of the EU Emissions Trading System (EU ETS)".
Effect of Nursing Intervention on Care of Neonates Suffering from Hyperbilirubinemia

: Hyperbilirubinemia is one of the most common problems during the neonatal period. The aims of the study: were to assess nurses’ knowledge and practices regarding care of the neonates suffering from hyperilirubinemia, design and implement the nursing intervention for nurses about care of the neonates suffering from hyperbilirubinemia based on needs assessment and evaluate the effect of the nursing intervention for both nurses and the neonates. Setting: The study was conducted at the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit at Obstetric and Gynecological Hospital affiliated to Ain-Shams and Cairo University. Subjects: The study subjects included a convenient sample of 50 nurses and 170 neonates. Tools of the study: three tools were used, Structured questionnaire to assess the knowledge of the studied nurses about neonatal hyperbilirubinemia, observational checklists to assess the studied nurses' practices and the neonates' outcome sheet to identify the clinical outcomes of neonates with hyperbilirubinemia. Results: The study results revealed that, the majority of the studied nurses had an adequate knowledge and a competent practices regarding care of the neonates suffering from hyperbilirubinemia post intervention. As well, there was a highly significant difference regarding phototherapy related complications among the studied neonates in the pre and post intervention groups. Conclusion: the study concluded that, there was statistical significant difference between total nurses' knowledge and practices regarding care of neonates with hyperbilirubinemia post intervention. As well, the clinical outcomes of the neonates with hyperbilirubinemia were improved in the post intervention group. Recommendation: Continuous follow up of the neonates suffering from hyperbilirubinemia for occurrence of phototherapy
Structure of large-displacement, strike-slip fault zones in the brittle continental crust

Characterizing the structure of fault zones is necessary to understand the mechanical, fluid flow and geophysical properties of the lithosphere. This paper provides a detailed characterization of two large-displacement, strike-slip fault zones of the San Andreas system in southern California, the Punchbowl and North Branch San Gabriel faults. The faults cut crystalline and well-lithified sedimentary rocks, and consist of broad zones of fractured and faulted rock (damage zone) containing one, or more, narrow, tabular zones of highly sheared rock (fault core). Subsidiary faults and fractures of the damage zone formed in response to stress cycling associated with slip. The fault core is composed of very fine-grained, altered fault-rocks that reflect high shear strain, extreme comminution, and enhanced fluid-rock reactions. The characteristic and relatively ordered structure of these large-displacement faults is consistent with progressive damage accumulation over the lifetime of the fault. Layers of ultracataclasite containing mesoscopic slip surfaces within fault cores record extreme localization of slip at the macroscopic and mesoscopic scale. Progressive accumulation of ultracataclasite from abrasive wear along a slip surface throughout faulting history can explain the particle size distribution, layered structure, and sharp boundaries of the ultracataclasite layer. The longevity and relative stability of the slip surface is evidenced by the accumulation of progressively younger ultracataclasite towards the slip surface. Although not a common feature, the incorporation of slivers of wall rock into the ultracataclasite layer document occasional branching of the slip surface within fault cores. The damage-zone and fault-core characterization may be used to describe the geophysical, mechanical, and fluid-flow properties of brittle fault zones in crystalline and well-lithified sedimentary rocks of the continental crust.
Changing regional images; are regional marketing campaigns successful?

An important element in the urban and regional development strategy of many local and regional governments is geographical marketing. The process of geographical marketing combines promotional, spatial and organisational activities, and can be aimed at various groups. In 1989 a marketing campaign was started by the province of Groningen, in the northern part of the Netherlands. This campaign, which is still being carried on, has used various means of communication: advertisements in newspapers and magazines, and radio and television commercials. It has been aimed at entrepreneurs and at the general public as well. An ex ante study of the public image of Groningen was carried out before the start of the campaign. For this purpose a random sample of the Dutch population was inquired by telephone. Since then similar inquiries were carried out every two years, in order to measure the effects of the campaign. In these inquiries the image of the provinces of Friesland and Noord-Brabant was measured along with that of Groningen, and used for reference. The availability of this kind of data for a period of twelve years, measured at regular intervals, provides an opportunity to study the development of regional images through time. In this paper the data of the inquiries will be analysed. One of the main questions to be answered in the paper relates to the pace and the nature of the changes in image, observed in all three provinces. The second question specifically deals with the influence of the marketing campaign on the image of Groningen.