Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor antagonist reduces the insulin response to a glycemic meal in ponies

Abstract High plasma concentrations of insulin can cause acute laminitis. Ponies and horses with insulin dysregulation (ID) exhibit marked hyperinsulinemia in response to dietary hydrolyzable carbohydrates. Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), an incretin hormone released from the gastrointestinal tract, enhances insulin release, and is increased postprandially in ponies with ID. The aim of this study was to determine whether blocking the GLP-1 receptor reduces the insulin response to a high glycemic meal. Five adult ponies were adapted to a cereal meal and then given two feed challenges 24 h apart of a meal containing 3 g/kg BW micronized maize. Using a randomized cross-over design all ponies received both treatments, where one of the feeds was preceded by the IV administration of a GLP-1 receptor blocking peptide, Exendin-3 (9-39) amide (80 µg/kg), and the other feed by a sham treatment of peptide diluent only. Blood samples were taken before feeding and peptide administration, and then at 30-min intervals via a jugular catheter for 6 h for the measurement of insulin, glucose, and active GLP-1. The peptide and meal challenge caused no adverse effects, and the change in plasma glucose in response to the meal was not affected (P = 0.36) by treatment: peak concentration 9.24 ± 1.22 and 9.14 ± 1.08 mmol/L without and with the antagonist, respectively. Similarly, there was no effect (P = 0.35) on plasma active GLP-1 concentrations: peak concentration 14.3 ± 1.36 pM and 13.7 ± 1.97 pM without and with the antagonist, respectively. However, the antagonist caused a significant decrease in the area under the curve for insulin (P = 0.04), and weak evidence (P = 0.06) of a reduction in peak insulin concentration (456 ± 147 μIU/mL and 370 ± 146 μIU/mL without and with the antagonist, respectively). The lower overall insulin response to the maize meal after treatment with the antagonist demonstrates that blocking the GLP-1 receptor partially reduced insulin production in response to a high starch, high glycemic index, diet. Using a different methodological approach to published studies, this study also confirmed that GLP-1 does contribute to the excessive insulin production in ponies with ID.
Features of forming a cubic Li 7 La 3 Zr 2 O 12 film by tape casting

Currently, interest to lithium and lithium-ion all-solid-state power sources is rapidly growing all over the world. However, several issues should be addressed before all-solid-state batteries production: high resistance values of the solid electrolyte membrane and poor contact between electrolyte and electrode materials. The transition to thin-film technologies is one of the promising ways to solve these problems. Tape casting can be proposed to obtain thin-film solid electrolytes. In this research, the features of the structure formation, morphology and lithium-ion conductivity of Li 7 La 3 Zr 2 O 12 films were investigated. Li 7 La 3 Zr 2 O 12 films with the thickness of 35 µ m were obtained by tape casting on Ni substrate. The influence of organic components ’ content on homogeneous coatings formation was established. Heat treatment conditions for dried films were chosen based on differential scanning calorimetry and optical dilatometry. Phase change from tetragonal to cubic modification occurs after annealing the Li 7 La 3 Zr 2 O 12 films at 700 ° C and higher. The annealed Li 7 La 3 Zr 2 O 12 films have developed surface, which can lead to improved contact between the solid electrolyte and an electrode in an electrochemical cell. Li 7 La 3 Zr 2 O 12 films annealed at 800 ° C have the highest lithium-ion conductivity values (2.5·10 – 7 and 1.5·10 – 5 S·cm – 1 at 90 and 215 °С , respectively). The technology of Li 7 La 3 Zr 2 O 12 films formation with the thickness of ~23 µ m by tape casting was developed.
Parasocial relationships with morally ambiguous media characters – the role of moral foundations

Parasocial relationships are examined in diverse contexts and with various media characters, from news presenters to fictional movie heroes. A popular character trope in recent productions is the morally ambiguous media character (MAC). MACs disrupt the dichotomy between hero and villain, simultaneously exhibiting moral and immoral behavior. MACs attracted the attention of researchers, but little is known about parasocial relationships with them. This study examines these relationships by applying a multidimensional morality approach. The five moral domains of care, fairness, loyalty, authority, and purity are considered for the media character and the viewers. The role of these moral domains in parasocial relationships with morally ambiguous media characters was examined through an online survey (N = 250). The results show that moral behavior generally and moral behavior in care, fairness, and loyalty increased the strength of parasocial relationships, regardless of the viewer’s moral foundations. The characters’ behavior in authority and purity did not influence the viewers’ general morality perception nor their parasocial relationships with them. The study contributes to the existing literature about MACs by considering viewers’ parasocial relationships, their moral foundations, and the perceived morality in each of the five moral domains.
From soil to sea: the role of groundwater in coastal critical zone processes

Near coasts, surface water–groundwater interactions control many biogeochemical processes associated with the critical zone, which extends from shallow aquifer to vegetative canopy. For example, submarine groundwater discharge delivers a significant fraction of weathering products such as silica and calcium to the world's oceans. Owing to changing fertilizer and land use practices, submarine groundwater discharge is also responsible for high nitrogen loads that drive eutrophication in marine waters. Submarine groundwater discharge is generally unmonitored due to its heterogeneous and diffuse spatial patterns and complex temporal dynamics. Here, we review the physical processes that drive submarine groundwater discharge at various spatial and temporal scales and highlight examples of interdependent critical zone processes. Like the inland critical zone, the coastal critical zone is undergoing rapid change in the Anthropocene. Disturbances include warming air and sea temperatures, sea‐level rise, increasing storm severity, increasing nutrient and contaminant inputs, and ocean acidification. In a changing world, it is more important than ever to understand complex feedbacks between dynamic surface water‐groundwater interaction, rocks, and life through long‐term monitoring efforts that extend beyond inland rivers to coastal groundwater. WIREs Water 2016, 3:706–726. doi: 10.1002/wat2.1157
Study of Biomarker Discordance between Primary and Recurrent Sites and its Clinical Implications in Metastatic Breast Cancer : A Single Institutional Study from India

Abstract S. Shanthala Immunophenotypic discordance of receptors between primary and metastatic sites significantly impacts treatment outcomes. Current international guidelines recommend rebiopsy of accessible metastatic lesions to reassess tissue biomarkers. While existing literature on biomarker changes is conflicting and heterogeneous, similar studies on the Indian cohort of breast cancer patients are lacking. In this context, we aimed to evaluate the frequencies of biomarker changes between biopsies from primary and recurrent sites, and their association with various clinicopathological characteristics, including the type of metastasis and treatment in metastatic breast cancer (MBC) patients. This is an ambispective study performed at a single center. Immunohistochemical (IHC) expression of paired primary and recurrence samples of MBC patients was reviewed for the expression of estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), human epidermal growth factor 2 (HER2), and Ki-67. Concordance, loss, and gain of receptors were assessed based on the Allred scores for ER, PR, and HER2. Ki-67 was assessed based on a 14% cutoff. Further, receptor changes were studied in relation to age, menopausal status, morphology, grade, stage, metastatic sites, interval between biopsies, and treatment. At progression, biopsies were obtained from 41.18% of locoregional recurrence and 58.82% of metastatic sites. Despite high discordance of 47% for ER and 68.6% for PR, true receptor conversion was observed in 9.8%, 21.56%, and 5.88% for ER, PR, and HER2, respectively. There was a significant correlation between age and ER discordance ( p = 0.029). Loss in PR significantly correlated with a gain in Ki-67. Of all the metastatic sites, the lung was significantly associated with PR and Ki-67 concordance ( p = 0.008 and p = 0.0425, respectively). Discordance of receptors was neither related to the sites of biopsy (local recurrence or metastatic site) nor to the time interval between biopsies, prior chemotherapy, or hormone therapy. In conclusion, metastatic progression of the disease is accompanied by age-dependent discordance of ER. Unparalleled changes in PR in relation to ER suggest that ER-independent pathways may influence PR expression in MBC. Furthermore, the concurrence of PR loss with Ki-67 gain indicates an aggressive phenotype with disease progression. Hence, follow-up testing of samples for receptor expression is beneficial in determining prognosis and guiding therapeutic decisions.
Drivers of late Holocene ice core chemistry in Dronning Maud Land: The context for the ISOL-ICE project

Quantifying the natural variability of the stratospheric ozone layer and understanding the underlying factors that control natural total column ozone (TCO) variability are required to put modern observations into historical context and 10 evaluate the effectiveness of climate and TCO protection policies. Within the framework of the Isotopic Constraints on Past Ozone Layer in Polar Ice (ISOL-ICE) project, we present initial ice core results from the new ISOL-ICE ice core covering the last millennium from the high-elevation Dronning Maud Land (DML) located under the Antarctic spring stratospheric TCO minimum, and discuss the implications for interpreting the stable isotopic composition of nitrogen in ice core nitrate ( δ 15 N(NO 3)) as a surface ultra-violet radiation (UV) and TCO proxy. To interpret the ice core δ 15 N(NO 3) record, an 15 understanding of past snow accumulation changes, as well as aerosol source regions and present-day drivers of their variability are required. We therefore report here the ice core age-depth model, the snow accumulation and ice chemistry records, and correlation analysis of these records with climate variables over the observational era (1979-2016). The ISOL-ICE ice core covers the last 1349 years from 668 to 2017 C.E. ± 3 years extending previous ice core records from the region by two decades and shows excellent reproducibility with those records. The extended ISOL-ICE
Staying Alive: Women, Ecology and Development

Janet Reibstein's mother and two aunts grew up in New Jersey amid a close-knit, extended Jewish family set apart only by a genetic propensity for breast cancer. Over fifty years, the disease claims Janet's two aunts, then her mother, then a cousin. Finally Janet must face the far-reaching decision of whether to undergo a preemptive mastectomy herself. A history of the disease in America as well as a story of sisters, mothers and daughters, and the men who love them, Staying Alive is ultimately a tale of extraordinary strength and of the power of love in survival.
Adoption of Some Novel Techniques in Aquaculture Practises by Some Fish Farmers in Ikwerre Local Government Area of Rivers State, Nigeria

In Ikwerre Local Government Area of Rivers State, Nigeria, this study assessed farmers’ knowledge of and use of fish farming technology. In order to gather pertinent study data, a total of 120 structured questionnaires were given out; 80 of those were eventually retrieved. Using descriptive statistics, the study’s data were examined. The study’s findings showed that 95.0% of farmers were fully aware of some advancements in fish farming technology under consideration, 3.75 % were slightly knowledgeable, and 1.2 % were not. Through trainings and meetings with farmers associations, the majority of farmers became aware of this technical knowledge. The main barriers to the adoption of fish farming technology in these regions, on the other hand, were a lack of sufficient money, the high cost of fish feed, and weak extension linkages. It was suggested that government and non-governmental organizations establish intervention programs to guarantee that farmers adopt new technology through subsidies of aquaculture inputs, particularly feed.
MMCL-CDR: enhancing cancer drug response prediction with multi-omics and morphology images contrastive representation learning

Abstract Motivation Cancer is a complex disease that results in a significant number of global fatalities. Treatment strategies can vary among patients, even if they have the same type of cancer. The application of precision medicine in cancer shows promise for treating different types of cancer, reducing healthcare expenses, and improving recovery rates. To achieve personalized cancer treatment, machine learning models have been developed to predict drug responses based on tumor and drug characteristics. However, current studies either focus on constructing homogeneous networks from single data source or heterogeneous networks from multiomics data. While multiomics data have shown potential in predicting drug responses in cancer cell lines, there is still a lack of research that effectively utilizes insights from different modalities. Furthermore, effectively utilizing the multimodal knowledge of cancer cell lines poses a challenge due to the heterogeneity inherent in these modalities. Results To address these challenges, we introduce MMCL-CDR (Multimodal Contrastive Learning for Cancer Drug Responses), a multimodal approach for cancer drug response prediction that integrates copy number variation, gene expression, morphology images of cell lines, and chemical structure of drugs. The objective of MMCL-CDR is to align cancer cell lines across different data modalities by learning cell line representations from omic and image data, and combined with structural drug representations to enhance the prediction of cancer drug responses (CDR). We have carried out comprehensive experiments and show that our model significantly outperforms other state-of-the-art methods in CDR prediction. The experimental results also prove that the model can learn more accurate cell line representation by integrating multiomics and morphological data from cell lines, thereby improving the accuracy of CDR prediction. In addition, the ablation study and qualitative analysis also confirm the effectiveness of each part of our proposed model. Last but not least, MMCL-CDR opens up a new dimension for cancer drug response prediction through multimodal contrastive learning, pioneering a novel approach that integrates multiomics and multimodal drug and cell line modeling. Availability and implementation MMCL-CDR is available at https://github.com/catly/MMCL-CDR.
Deadlift Biomechanics across Multiple Sets in Resistance Trained Males

This study sought to determine whether the deadlift exercise using the 5-by-5 scheme can be performed at a commonly prescribed moderate-to-high load with consistent mechanical output among sets with respect to concentric and eccentric rate of force development [RFD], rate of force attenuation [RFA; i.e., the rate at which the application of force is reduced], total lower limb joint angular work, and the contributions of the individual joints to total lower limb angular work. Twelve resistance-trained males [21 ± 1 y; 1.8 ± 0.56 m; 89.1 ± 15.48 kg] completed five sets of five repetitions of deadlift exercise with a load corresponding to 8 out of 10 on the modified Borg rated perceived exertion (RPE) scale. Body and barbell kinematics [e.g., velocity] and force production [e.g., rate of force development] variables of interest were calculated and averaged across repeated sets. Repeated-measures analyses of variance [α = 0.05] detected no significant differences [p > 0.05] for any variable. Results suggest deadlift exercise using the 5-by-5 scheme at an RPE of 8 can be performed without altered movement or force application across sets. Although these results are preliminary, it appears that deadlift exercise using the current loading scheme can be performed by resistance trained males without concern for movement or mechanical output changes across the five sets.
Recent changes in runoff and sediment regimes and future projections in the Yellow River basin

The runoff and sediment regimes in the Yellow River Basin have been undergone significantly changes in recent years. This study analyzes the changes in runoff and sediment regimes during the period 1997—2006 using the combined approach of hydrological methods,soil and water conservation methods and mathematical modeling. The hydrological and sediment data measured at stations on the main stream and tributaries of the middle and upper reaches of Yellow River are used in the study. The mechanism of changes in runoff and sediment is analysed. Projections of future changes in runoff and sediment regimes are also provided. Results show that in comparison to the long-term average runoff from the source area of Yellow River,a reduction of 43. 90 billion m3 in the annual runoff has been found in recent years( 1997—2005). Among which,precipitation and other natural factors can account for 92. 26% of the reduction and the remaining is due to the effect of human activities. The observed value of Yellow River annual runoff during the same period has decreased 112. 1 billion m3compared to that before 1970. Human activities are responsible for 76. 50% of the decrease and the rest is due to the reduction of precipitation. At the same time,the observed annual sediment load has been reduced by 11. 80 million tons,49. 75% of which is due to the result of human activities such as the integrated control measures on soil and water loss and the remaining portion of the reduction can attribute to the reduction of precipitation. The impacts of human activities and precipitation reduction on the changes in runoff and sediment regimes vary significantly over space. For example,the effect of human activities on runoff reductions is much greater than that of precipitation reduction in the area along the middle reach of Yellow River. While for the reduction of sediment load,the human activities contribute nearly as much as precipitation does. Despite the fact that significant changes have been found in runoff and sediment regimes,the quantitative relationships generally remain unchanged between runoff and sediment load and between precipitation,floods and sediment load in most areas of Yellow River tributary basins. For example,the hyperconcentrated flow occurs during heavy storm events. There are few exceptions on the relationships between precipitation,floods and sediment load in individual tributary basins,which are often accompanied by a significant reduction in runoff and sediment yields. A slight downward trend is projected for both runoff amount and sediment load in the coming decades until 2050 with occasional occurrences of plentiful runoff and heavy sediment load.
Immune checkpoint status and exhaustion‐related phenotypes of CD8+ T cells from the tumor‐draining regional lymph nodes in breast cancer

Functional status of T cells determines the responsiveness of cancer patients to immunotherapeutic interventions. Even though T cell‐mediated immunity is inaugurated in the tumor‐adjacent lymph nodes, peripheral blood has been routinely sampled for testing the immunological assays. The purpose of this study is to determine the immune checkpoint molecule expression and the exhaustion‐related phenotype of cytotoxic T cells in the regional lymph nodes from breast cancer patients.
A Study Of The Special Features Of The Meniscal Tear

Objectives: Arthroscopic meniscectomy is a treatment with good short-term results. To prevent the long-term adverse effects of meniscal tear injuries, it is necessary to study the unique features, such asthedemographic characteristics of the injury, the cause of the occurrence, and the type and location of the tear. Methods: We conducted the hospital-based prospective study and involved 103 patients who underwent arthroscopic knee surgery at The National Trauma Orthoped ic Research Center and Grandmed Hospital in Mongolia between 2020 and 2022. We classified Cooper’s classification based on MRI results. Moreover, the type and location of the meniscal tear were finally determined by the diagnosis after arthroscopic surgery. Results: Out of 103 patients, the mean age of the participants was 34.4±8.6 (18-48 years); males were 61.2% (n=63), and 87.7% (n=93) of tears were located in the medial meniscus, respectively. Among the types of tears, the most frequent were the vertical tears, especially the Radial/Transverse and Vertical/Longitudinal 20% (n=18) tears. Conclusion: The causes of meniscal tears are mainly injuries. Men are injured more by sports injuries and women by domestic injuries. The type and location of the isolated meniscal tears differ from those of the meniscal tears.
How parent–child brain‐to‐brain synchrony can inform the study of child development

It is well established that parent–child dyadic synchrony (e.g., mutual emotions, behaviors) can support development across cognitive and socioemotional domains. The advent of simultaneous two‐brain hyperscanning (i.e., measuring the brain activity of two individuals at the same time) allows further insight into dyadic neural synchrony. In this article, we review 16 recent studies of naturalistic, parent–child brain‐to‐brain synchrony, finding relations with the nature of interactions (collaborative vs. competitive, parent vs. stranger), proximal social cues (gaze, affect, touch, and reciprocity), child‐level variables (irritability, self‐regulation), and environmental factors (parental stress, family cohesion, and adversity). We then discuss how neural synchrony may provide a biological mechanism for refining broader theories on the developmental benefits of dyadic synchrony. We also highlight critical areas for future study, including examining synchrony trajectories longitudinally, including more diverse participants and interaction contexts, and studying caregivers beyond mothers (e.g., other family members, teachers). We conclude that neural synchrony is an exciting and important window into understanding how caregiver–child dyadic synchrony supports children's social and cognitive development.
Interpersonal Violence in the Late Pleistocene A Comprehensive Reanalysis of the Nile Valley Cemetery

: The Late Pleistocene and Early Holocene period are punctuated by major climatic changes whose effects on human populations remain poorly understood. In the Nile Valley, possible refuge areas during the periods of high climatic constraints, hyper-arid environmental conditions are documented until the onset of the Holocene. Dated to the terminal phase of the Late Pleistocene, the Jebel Sahaba archaeological site 117 is the earliest cemetery in the Nile Valley. Excavated during the 1960s by the team of Pr. F. Wendorf, the 61 buried individuals of this funerary complex are well-known for exhibiting, in more than half of the cases, traces of interpersonal violence. The presence of cutmarks, traumatic lesions and embedded lithic artefacts in the human remains have been described since their first publication, and since then, this assemblage as served as possible evidence of organized warfare. Here, we present an integrative approach to the reassessment of the Jebel Sahaba collections to discuss the cultural behavior of human groups in the Nile Valley during this period of fluctuating climatic and environmental conditions.