Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Investigating the impact of pre-slaughter management factors on indicators of fed beef cattle welfare – a scoping review

Introduction The impact of pre-slaughter management practices on fed beef cattle welfare is a multifaceted and well researched subject matter. Factors such as transportation, handling, lairage time and several animal characteristics can directly impact the cattle’s behavior, mobility, blood lactate and cortisol levels, likelihood of injury and ultimately overall cattle welfare. Animal welfare continues to grow as a critical component of slaughter in the fed beef industry, yet a formal review of related research does not exist. Methods A scoping review was performed in order to (1) catalog pre-slaughter management factors that impact fed beef cattle welfare at the time of slaughter, (2) identify indicators used to evaluate the impact of pre-slaughter management on fed beef cattle welfare at slaughter, and (3) gain further understanding of the relationship between pre-slaughter management factors and fed beef cattle welfare outcome indicators at slaughter. Three data bases were ultimately searched: PubMed, CAB Abstracts, and Web of Science. The concepts used in the database searches were the population of interest (i.e., fed beef cattle), the location in the supply chain, preslaughter management factors, and welfare outcomes. Results A total of 69 studies were included in final analysis for this review, including studies from six geographic regions around the globe. Studies involving alternative slaughter methods (e.g., religious stunning or mobile slaughter) were not included in the formal analysis of this review, but still merited an in-depth discussion within this paper. After reviewing the studies, a total of 37 pre-slaughter factors and 69 indicators of welfare were measured throughout. Pre-slaughter management factors were then categorized by: animal characteristics; environmental characteristics; handling; lairage; transportation; and water/feed. Outcomeindicators of welfare were categorized into: behaviors; health, injury and disease; physiological; and stunning and insensibility. Discussion Pre-slaughter factors relating to transportation and handling, and welfare outcomes measured by behaviors and physiology were of the most researched throughout the studies.The results of this review offer a catalogue of commonly researched factors and indicators of welfare measured during the pre-slaughter phase, as well ast he relationships between them. This review also offers further substantial evidence that a multitude of events in the pre-slaughter phase affect fed beef cattle welfare and a collection of highly applicable welfare indicators to expedite further research on the effects of pre-slaughter factors and the application of improved practices.
Improving berry quality and antioxidant ability in ‘Ruidu Hongyu’ grapevine through preharvest exogenous 2,4-epibrassinolide, jasmonic acid and their signaling inhibitors by regulating endogenous phytohormones

Grape berries contain a variety of metabolites, such as anthocyanins, sugars, fatty acids, and antioxidants. Endogenous phytohormones strongly influence these metabolites, which regulate berry quality improvement. In this study, we evaluated the effects of 2,4-epibrassinolide (EBR, brassinolide (BR)-like growth regulator), jasmonic acid (JA), and their signaling inhibitors brassinazole (Brz), and sodium diethyldithiocarbamate (DIECA) on berry quality and antioxidant ability. Overall, the pre-harvest application of 0.5 mg L-1 EBR and 100 μmol L-1 JA significantly influences the quality of the grape berry. Results showed that EBR was superior to other treatments at enhancing the content of different metabolites, including anthocyanins, fructose, glucose, and a variety of fatty acids, in grapes. EBR and JA also enhanced the synthesis of gibberellin3 (GA3), cytokinin (CTK), salicylic acid (SA), JA, methyl jasmonate (MeJA), BR, and abscisic acid (ABA), while inhibiting the synthesis of auxin (IAA). Most genes related to BR/JA and anthocyanins/sugars/fatty acids biosynthesis were up-regulated. The effects of Brz and DIECA on the grape berry quality were totally reversed throughout the study, as shown by EBR and JA. According to correlation analysis, EBR and JA have a beneficial positive interaction that promotes the formation of strong coherences in grape berries between ABA/IAA/ZT-fruit expansion, BR/JA/MeJA/GA3/ZR-biochemical characteristics development, JA/MeJA/ABA/GA3/SA/ZR-antioxidant capacity enhancement, and JA/MeJA/IAA/GA3/ZT/ZR-fatty acids accumulation. In this regard, we concluded that preharvest exogenous 0.5 mg L-1 EBR and 100 μmol L-1 JA is a successful way to improve grape berry quality.
Hypertriglyceridemic waist phenotype: Association with initial neurological severity and etiologic subtypes in patients with acute ischemic stroke

Objective To explore the relationship of hypertriglyceridemic waist phenotype (HTWP) with initial neurological severity and etiologic subtypes in patients with acute ischemic stroke. Methods The data for this study were collected from hospitalized patients within 72 h of acute ischemic stroke onset at the Department of Neurology of the Affiliated Hospital of Beihua University from 1 July 2020 to 30 June 2022. The initial neurological severity was assessed by the National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) on the day of admission: NIHSS <6 was defined as mild stroke, and NIHSS ≥6 as moderate to severe stroke. HTWP was defined by fasting serum triglycerides ≥1.7 mmol/L and waist circumference ≥90 cm in men and ≥80 cm in women. Differentiation of etiologic subtypes was based on the method reported in the Trial of Org 10 172 in Acute Stroke Treatment. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the association of HTWP with initial neurological severity and etiologic subtypes. Results The study included 431 patients. Compared with the normal waist–normal blood triglyceride group, patients with HTWP had reduced risks of moderate to severe stroke [odds ratio (OR): 0.384, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.170–0.869; P = 0.022]. In addition, the risk of small-artery occlusion stroke was 2.318 times higher in the HTWP group than in the normal triglyceride–normal waist (NWNT) group (OR: 2.318, 95% CI: 1.244–4.319; P = 0.008). Conclusion Initial neurological severity was less severe in patients with HTWP, and HTWP was associated with an increased risk of small-artery occlusion stroke.
Single-cell profiling of T cells uncovers a tissue-resident memory-like T-cell subset associated with bidirectional prognosis for B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia

Introduction The character and composition of leukemia-related T cells are closely related to the treatment response and prognosis for patients. Though B cell-acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) patients have benefited from immune-based approaches, such as chimeric antigen receptor T cells therapy, some of them still end with poor prognosis, especially for adult patients. Therefore, deep understanding of the developmental relationship between T cell subtypes in relation to B-ALL patient prognosis is urgently needed. Methods We analyzed the peripheral blood T cell single-cell RNA sequencing data of three B-ALL patients, using data from 11 healthy individuals as controls. In total, 16,143 and 53,701 T cells from B-ALL patients and healthy adults, respectively, were objectively analyzed for detailed delineation of 13 distinct T cell clusters. Cluster-specific genes were used as marker genes to annotate each T cell subtype. Results Unbiased analysis enabled the discovery of circulating CD103+ T cell (CD3+CD103+MKI67+), also defined as tissue-resident memory-like T (Trm-like) cell, populations were elevated in B-ALL patients, which expressed high level of cell proliferation and exhaustion related genes. In addition, cell fate trajectory analysis showed these Trm-like cells, which shared T-cell receptor (TCR) clonotypes with exhausted T (Tex) cells and effector T (Teff) cells, were supposed to transition into Teff cells; however, mainly transformed into Tex cells in leukemia environment. More importantly, Trm-like cells transformation into Teff cells and Tex cells potentially led to favorable or poor prognosis for B-ALL patients, respectively. Conclusion In sum, a circulating Trm-like cell subset with high level expression of cell proliferation and exhaustion related genes was elevated in B-ALL patients. The bidirectional developmental potential of these T cells into Teff or Tex is closely associated with favorable or poor prognosis, respectively. Together, our study provided a unique insight of alteration of leukemia related T cells, also showed a potential immunotherapy direction and prognosis assessment model for B-ALL patients.
The novel compound heterozygous rare variants may impact positively selected regions of TUBGCP6, a microcephaly associated gene

Introduction The microcephaly is a rare and severe disease probably under purifying selection due to the reduction of human brain-size. In contrast, the brain-size enlargement is most probably driven by positive selection, in light of this critical phenotypical innovation during primates and human evolution. Thus, microcephaly-related genes were extensively studied for signals of positive selection. However, whether the pathogenic variants of microcephaly-related genes could affect the regions of positive selection is still unclear. Methods Here, we conducted whole genome sequencing (WGS) and positive selection analysis. Results We identified novel compound heterozygous variants, p.Y613* and p.E1368K in TUBGCP6, related to microcephaly in a Chinese family. The genotyping and the sanger sequencing revealed the maternal and the paternal origin for the first and second variant, respectively. The p.Y613* occurred before the second and third domain of TUBGCP6 protein, while p.E1368K located within the linker region of the second and third domain. Interestingly, using multiple positive selection analyses, we revealed the potential impacts of these variants on the regions of positive selection of TUBGCP6. The truncating variant p.Y613* could lead to the deletions of two positively selected domains DUF5401 and Spc97_Spc98, while p.E1368K could impose a rare mutation burden on the linker region between these two domains. Discussion Our investigation expands the list of candidate pathogenic variants of TUBGCP6 that may cause microcephaly. Moreover, the study provides insights into the potential pathogenic effects of variants that truncate or distribute within the positively selected regions.
What drives me to use TikTok: A latent profile analysis of users’ motives

With TikTok rising in social media, the heterogeneity of users creates diversity in motives for using it. The issue of which profiles of TikTok use motives can be identified warrants greater understanding. Conducting latent profile analyses for a sample of 384 TikTok users, we identified four profiles, namely overall low motives, overall medium motives, overall high motives, and escapist addiction and novelty motives profiles. The former three profiles reflect different levels of motivations across four motives (socially rewarding self-presentation, trendiness, escapist addiction, and novelty). It is worth noting that TikTok users in the escapist addiction and novelty motives profile are mainly motivated by escapist addiction and novelty, but not socially rewarding self-presentation or trendiness motives. Through multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) and multinomial logistic regression, we further explore the differences in TikTok use between the profiles and the extent to which users’ background characteristics and TikTok use predict their profile membership. The four profiles differ significantly in terms of the scores of almost all TikTok use motives. The frequency of TikTok use and video posting are the most notable predictors of profile membership. These results make theoretical contributions to the extant literature on social media use profiles by exploring the number and types of latent profiles of TikTok use motives, which also inform opportunities for enhancing user experience and imply tailored content recommendations to both achieve maximized gratifications and maintain mental wellbeing based on user profiles.
COVID-19 related stress during and one year after the first wave of the pandemic outbreak in China: The role of social support and perceptions of the pandemic

Introduction COVID-19 related stress might vary with the pandemic changes, as well as other associated factors. This study aimed to compare the stress level during the first wave of the pandemic outbreak and 1 year later in China, and to explore the differential roles of social support and perceptions of this disease in affecting pandemic-related stress over time. Methods COVID-19 related stress, social support, and perceptions of the pandemic (perceived threat, perceived protection, and perceived controllability) were measured using the Impact of Event Scale-Revised for COVID-19, the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support, and the Self-Compiled Scale of COVID-19 Related Perception, respectively. Using an online survey, two independent samples were collected during the first wave of the COVID-19 outbreak (Time 1: March 2020, N = 430) and 1 year later (Time 2: April 2021, N = 512). Results Levels of COVID-19 related stress and social support were lower at Time 2. Furthermore, at both Time 1 and Time 2, more social support was associated with less stress. Perceived protection and controllability of COVID-19 also mediated the relationship between social support and COVID-19 at both time points. However, the perceived threat of COVID-19 only served as a mediator at Time 1. Conclusion These results indicate that Chinese people might experience lower COVID-19 related stress as the pandemic progresses. The perceived threat of COVID-19 played a more critical role in stress experienced at Time 1. These findings not only underscore the importance of social support under the context of Chinese society, but also have implications for developing specific interventions targeting different perceptions of COVID-19 to reduce pandemic-related stress during the different waves of this pandemic.
Obesity and sudden cardiac death: Prevalence, pathogenesis, prevention and intervention

Obesity and sudden cardiac death (SCD) share common risk factors. Obesity, in and of itself, can result in the development of SCD. Numerous epidemiologic and clinical studies have demonstrated the close relationships between obesity and SCD, however, the underlying mechanisms remain incompletely understood. Various evidences support the significance of excess adiposity in determining the risk of SCD, including anatomical remodeling, electrical remodeling, metabolic dysfunction, autonomic imbalance. Weight reduction has improved obesity related comorbidities, and reversed abnormal cardiac remodeling. Indeed, it is still unknown whether weight loss contributes to decreased risk of SCD. Further high-quality, prospective trials are needed to strengthen our understanding on weight management and SCD.
Siamese hierarchical feature fusion transformer for efficient tracking

Object tracking is a fundamental task in computer vision. Recent years, most of the tracking algorithms are based on deep networks. Trackers with deeper backbones are computationally expensive and can hardly meet the real-time requirements on edge platforms. Lightweight networks are widely used to tackle this issue, but the features extracted by a lightweight backbone are inadequate for discriminating the object from the background in complex scenarios, especially for small objects tracking task. In this paper, we adopted a lightweight backbone and extracted features from multiple levels. A hierarchical feature fusion transformer (HFFT) was designed to mine the interdependencies of multi-level features in a novel model—SiamHFFT. Therefore, our tracker can exploit comprehensive feature representations in an end-to-end manner, and the proposed model is capable of handling small target tracking in complex scenarios on a CPU at a rate of 29 FPS. Comprehensive experimental results on UAV123, UAV123@10fps, LaSOT, VOT2020, and GOT-10k benchmarks with multiple trackers demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of SiamHFFT. In particular, our SiamHFFT achieves good performance both in accuracy and speed, which has practical implications in terms of improving small object tracking performance in the real world.
The influence of entrainment on the evolution of cloud droplet spectra: I. A model of inhomogeneous mixing

In this, the first of two related papers, we present calculations of the growth of a population of condensate droplets rising above cloud base within small cumuli which are entraining undersaturated environmental air. It is assumed, on the basis of dimensional arguments and laboratory experiments on entrainment, conducted within a cloud droplet evolution tunnel, that this mixing process is inhomogeneous. In the extreme situation to which the calculations apply undersaturated air is entrained in a stream, or in blobs, and some droplets of all sizes are completely removed from the condensate spectrum by evaporation, while others do not change in size. This is equivalent to assuming that the time constant for turbulent mixing (ττ) is large relative to that for droplet evaporation (τr), and is thus the antithesis to the homogeneous model utilized by other workers, which assumes implicitly that ττ/τr = 0. The calculations based on the extreme inhomogeneous model produce spectral shapes which agree well with those reported in cumulus by Warner (1969a) and indicate that a small proportion of the droplets can grow several times faster through the condensate spectrum than classical theory predicts.
Giving a lot of ourselves: How mother leaders in higher education experienced parenting and leading during the COVID-19 pandemic

This qualitative interpretative phenomenological analysis explored the lived experience of mother executive administrators in higher education during the COVID-19 pandemic. Utilizing the philosophical underpinnings of the Heideggerian phenomenological approach, the following research question guided this study: What are the lived experiences of mother executive administrators in higher education during the COVID-19 pandemic? Participants included nine self-identified mother executive administrators from one Midwest state at a variety of institution types and locations within the state. Data collection involved two focus groups and individual interviews with all nine participants. After data analysis, three recurrent themes emerged from the data: (1) Burnout and Exhaustion, (2) Never Enough: Responsibility Generated Feelings of Guilt, and (3) Receiving Support: Importance of Gender, Family Role, and Agency. The findings of this study exposed the neoliberal feminist and capitalistic ideological stronghold on the United States workforce and culture intensifying the already existing challenges of these mothers during the COVID-19 pandemic.
A comprehensive analysis of the relationship between temperature and species diversity: The case of planktonic foraminifera

The relationship between temperature (T) and species diversity is one of the most fundamental issues in marine diversity. Although their relationships have been discussed for many years, how species diversity is related to T remains a controversial question. Previous studies have identified three T–diversity relationships: positive, negative, and unimodal. Recently, the unimodal relationship has received great attention. However, these studies may be biased by (1) considering the insufficient T range of database, (2) using a single diversity metric (generally species richness, S), and (3) rarely considering species abundance distribution (SAD) that can better represent diversity. Here, to seek a more comprehensive understanding of T–diversity relationships, their relationships are evaluated according to a global planktonic foraminifera dataset, which is usually considered as a model dataset for exploring diversity pattern. Species diversity are estimated by four most commonly used metrics and a new SAD parameter (p). Results show that S and Shannon’s index support the typical unimodal relationship with T. However, evenness and dominance do not have significant unimodality. Additionally, this study conjectures that the SAD parameter p with increasing T will gradually approach the minimum 1, noting that SAD (Nr /N 1, where Nr and N 1 are the abundance of the rth and the first species in descending order) tends to be 1:1/2:1/3…. This study suggests that the T–diversity relationship cannot be wholly reflected by S and the other aspects of diversity (especially SAD) should be considered.
Associations between anxiety, depression, and risk of suicidal behaviors in Chinese medical college students

Background Previous studies have established a strong association between depression and suicidal behaviors, yet the relationship between anxiety and suicidal behaviors remains unclear. This study examines whether anxiety and depression are independent risk factors for suicidal behaviors in medical college students, and further, whether anxiety may increase the greater risk of suicidal behaviors (SB) in participants with depression. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted among 4,882 medical students. Demographic information, anxiety, and depression data were collected using online questionnaires or through a widely used social media app named WeChat. Results Anxiety and depression were independent risk factors for suicidal behaviors, and levels of risk correlated positively with the severity of both anxiety and depressive symptoms. A dose–response relationship was identified between the severity of anxiety and the risk of SB, as well as the severity of depression and SB. Furthermore, anxiety increased the risk of suicidal behaviors in participants with depression, with a dose–response relationship between the severity of anxiety symptoms and the risk of SB. Conclusion The findings highlight the importance of screening for anxiety and depressive symptoms in medical college students, as well as reducing anxiety in addition to depressive symptoms in treatment. This study provides valuable data as a reference for clinicians for suicide risk assessments.