Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A comparison of eggshell mineral composition between cage and free-range eggs via inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry

Context In Australia and many other countries, free-range eggs can be sold at significantly higher prices than cage eggs. Mislabelling cage eggs as free-range eggs and vice versa has been documented, and has a significant impact on consumer trust and egg consumption. The development of methods to identify eggs produced from different production systems is necessary to satisfy consumer demand. Aims The objective of this study was to determine whether eggshell mineral composition could be used as a way to differentiate eggs originating from each production system. Our hypothesis was that birds with access to soil would have higher levels of trace minerals in shells. Methods Eggs were randomly collected from six commercial caged and six commercial free-range flocks in Australia. Twelve eggshell samples from each flock were analysed for mineral composition (Ca, P, Mg, Na, Al, B, Cu, Mn, Fe, K, S and Zn) by using inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry. Key results The results showed that free-range eggshells contained significantly higher contents of macro-minerals (P, Mg and Na) but lower contents of micro-minerals (Cu, Fe, K, S and Mn) than the cage eggshells (P < 0.05). For all minerals measured, a high variability was noted within and between production systems. Conclusions Analysis of eggshell mineral composition may not be effective for determining the origin of eggs. Implications Systematic studies of the bird’s environment, including analysis of mineral composition in diets, pastures, soil and drinking water are required for comprehensive evaluation of the influences of production systems of laying hens on mineral composition of eggs and eggshells.
A new fuzzy BWM approach for evaluating and selecting a sustainable supplier in supply chain management

ABSTRACT Sustainability has become one of the most important issues in the field of supply chain management (SCM). In recent years, many studies have been conducted about how to select a sustainable supplier and different methods have been proposed for this purpose in fuzzy and deterministic environments. A review of the research literature reveals that decision-makers have paid more attention to the results of fuzzy-based studies because they are more accurate and precise in collecting data. The purpose of this paper is to present a new model with a triangular fuzzy approach for sustainable supplier selection (SSS) in the supply chain. The proposed fuzzy model is based on the best-worst method (BWM) and α-cut analysis in which the decision-maker (DM) can determine the alpha value between 0.1 and 0.9, depending on the level of uncertainty. A high value of alpha indicates low uncertainty and its low value indicates a high uncertainty in decision-making. To illustrate the model and demonstrate its capability, a real SSS case in Iran Khodro Company (IKCO), was examined by three experts in the automotive industry and the decision criteria were selected based on the literature review and expert opinions. The results show that the first supplier (ISACO Parts Supply Company) is the most sustainable supplier.
Natural phenolic antioxidants electrochemistry: Towards a new food science methodology.

Natural phenolic compounds are abundant in the vegetable kingdom, occurring mainly as secondary metabolites in a wide variety of chemical structures. Around 10,000 different plant phenolic derivatives have been isolated and identified. This review provides an exhaustive overview concerning the electron transfer reactions in natural polyphenols, from the point of view of their in vitro antioxidant and/or pro-oxidant mode of action, as well as their identification in highly complex matrixes, for example, fruits, vegetables, wine, food supplements, relevant for food quality control, nutrition, and health research. The accurate assessment of polyphenols' redox behavior is essential, and the application of the electrochemical methods in routine quality control of natural products and foods, where the polyphenols antioxidant activity needs to be quantified in vitro, is of the utmost importance. The phenol moiety oxidation pathways and the effect of substituents and experimental conditions on their electrochemical behavior will be reviewed. The fundamental principles concerning the redox behavior of natural polyphenols, specifically flavonoids and other benzopyran derivatives, phenolic acids and ester derivatives, quinones, lignins, tannins, lignans, essential oils, stilbenes, curcuminoids, and chalcones, will be described. The final sections will focus on the electroanalysis of phenolic antioxidants in natural products and the electroanalytical evaluation of in vitro total antioxidant capacity.
Effects of Isoniazid on Tolerance and Sensitization to the Rewarding Properties of Morphine: A Conditioned Place Preference Procedure Investigation in Mice

Introduction: The GABAergic system of the brain plays a key role in morphine tolerance and sensitization. As isoniazid is a modulator of the GABAergic system, the present study aims to understand whether isoniazid can influence the induction of tolerance and sensitization to the rewarding effects of morphine. Methods: The rewarding effects of morphine and isoniazid were assessed using a Conditioned Place Preference (CPP) procedure in female mice. Tolerance to the rewarding effects of morphine was induced with high-dose morphine (25 mg/kg, SC), twice a day, for four days. Also, the sensitization was induced with an effective dose of morphine (5 mg/kg, SC), once a day, for three days. During the induction of tolerance or sensitization, the different groups of mice received saline or isoniazid (25, 50, and 75 mg/kg, IP) one hour before each morphine injection. Results: Morphine (0.5–10 mg/kg, SC) produced a significant CPP, but isoniazid (25, 50, and 75 mg/kg, IP) did not induce place preference or place aversion in mice. Although an effective dose of morphine (5 mg/kg, SC) did not induce CPP in morphine tolerated mice, an ineffective dose (0.5 mg/kg, SC) could produce a significant CPP in morphine-sensitized animals. The administration of isoniazid before morphine (on the days of tolerance or sensitization induction) inhibited the development of tolerance or sensitization to the rewarding effect of morphine in the CPP paradigm. Conclusion: Isoniazid can be a useful drug for the prevention of tolerance and sensitization to the rewarding effects of morphine.
Small-Scale Turkey Farming in Bangladesh: Farming Practices, Profitability and Supply Chain Mapping

The study was conducted to know the existing turkey production system, supply chain mapping, and identifying the prospects and problems of turkey rearing in some selected areas of Bangladesh during October 2019 to December 2019. A total of 100 turkey raisers were surveyed following convenience method of sampling technique. The primary data were collected, analyzed accordingly and tabular presentation method was applied with the help of simple descriptive statistical measures e.g. frequency distributions, percentage, sum and means to illustrating the results. Profitability analysis was done on the basis of variable cost, fixed cost, return by using arithmetic means and percentages. The study revealed that 87 male and 13 female respondents were surveyed, of them cent percent found educated. About 56% turkey keeper’s main occupation was business, 27% service and 12% in farming while 88.57% involved with farming as secondary sources of income. Average landholding for homestead, cultivable and non-cultivable was 24.40, 129.71 and 29.47 decimal, respectively. About 59% farms started for commercial purpose, 32% for non-commercial purpose and 9% for both. About 60% respondents kept less than 50 turkeys and only 2% kept 501-1000 turkeys. Among the surveyed farms55% stopped their operation and 45% farms found running their business. Among the running farms cent percent were small-scale group. The average feed intake was 192.13 grams per day per bird at 20 weeks of age. Turkey laid on an average 139 eggs a year irrespective of variety and for hatching poults, the fertility and hatchability rate found between 65 to 100% and 50 to 90%, respectively. About 28% farmers experienced the deaths of turkey because of Cold, Pox, Ranikhet, Bird flu and unknown cases and 69.47% farmers took veterinary advice from Upazila Livestock Hospital and rest from other sources. Farmers to consumers were the most common and widely used marketing channel for egg, chick and adult turkey. The market intermediaries of turkey farm carried out different marketing functions e.g. buying and selling, pricing, transportation, sorting, distribution and market information. The average net return and benefit-cost ratio was BDT 127838.04 and 1.38, respectively for 50 turkeys per year. In the study, turkey rearing found some comparative benefit over chicken and ducks e.g. higher weight gain, forage eater, lower diseases rate and suitability for the country. The main problem of turkey rearing identified as market instability, lack of quality turkey feed, higher feed price, lack of proper marketing facility and training on turkey farming. In conclusion, the small-scale turkey farming could be a viable source of income for the rural people of Bangladesh after taking some remedial steps by the Government of Bangladesh for the aforesaid hindrances faced by the turkey farmers.
Strategic supplier relationship on performance of devolved systems of government in Kenya

The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of strategic supplier relationship on the performance of the devolved system of government in Kenya, the study adopted a cross-sectional survey design using both quantitative and qualitative approaches. The target population for this study was all employees working in finance and procurement departments in 10 counties namely; Garissa, Kisii, Nyamira, Narok, Marsabit, Murang’ a Bomet, Nairobi, Kiambu and Homa Bay. We study used stratified random sampling to pick 186 respondents from finance and procurement department. Data was collected by using questionnaires Descriptive and inferential statistics were used aided by Statistical Packages for Social Sciences version 24 to compute percentages of respondents’ answers. Hypothesis testing was carried using multiple regression analysis and standard F tests. We found out that a positive and significant relationship between strategic supplier relationship and performance of devolved systems of government. We recommend that devolved systems of government should conduct jointly product development with suppliers and involve suppliers directly or indirectly in their strategic plans. Suppliers’ involvement would support the company’s development innovation and capabilities thus increasing the benefits perceived by the company’s customers. Finally, we recommend that management should implement strategic supplier relationships practice within the frameworks of public procurement acts and regulations.
Inovação e Educação Empreendedora com o Modelo do Role-Play no Ensino Superior

A educacao empreendedora nas instituicoes de ensino superior, anseia por projetos pedagogicos revolucionarios e a aplicabilidade de modalidades didaticas inovadoras no processo formativo dos futuros empreendedores constituem um dos grandes desafios da docencia. O role-play (jogo de papeis) pode ser destacado como uma das modalidades direcionadoras que permitem um processo de aprendizagem efetivo nas universidades empreendedoras. O objetivo do artigo consistiu em verificar por intermedio da aplicacao de um Focus Group quais percepcoes sobre sentimentos individuais e de aprendizagem foram desenvolvidas na experiencia discente do role-play empreendedor em consonância com a abordagem conceitual dos dominios cognitivo, afetivo e psicomotor. Em relacao a metodologia, a pesquisa e caracterizada como quali-quantitativa, em relacao a natureza dos dados, a coleta de dados foi realizada com o uso de um Focus Group, consistindo em uma entrevista realizada em grupo para o levantamento das suas percepcoes. Os resultados evidenciam expressoes satisfatorias das percepcoes discentes no desenvolvimento satisfatorio dos aspectos do dominio afetivo, cognitivo e psicomotor, servindo de subsidios para novas pesquisas na tematica da educacao empreendedora.
Al, Fe and Cu waste metallic particles in conductive polystyrene composites

ABSTRACT The potential reuse of different waste metallic particulates (aluminium, iron fillings and copper) from industrial operations in the development of conductive plastic composites was considered in this study. Polystyrene based resin was obtained from waste polystyrene by solvolysis and used for developing the composite. The density, voidage fraction, electrical conductivity and microstructure of the composites were evaluated. The conductivity and the density of composites increased with filler concentration with the aluminium based composites being the most conductive. The conductive ranges of composites with aluminium, iron fillings and copper were 7.6 × 10−8 to 7.3 × 10−7, 2.1 × 10−7 to 6.0 × 10−7 and 4.6 × 10−8 to 2.5 × 10−7 S/cm respectively which suggested that they can all be used as electrostatic dissipative materials. Microstructural analysis revealed that the particles were more homogeneously dispersed in the aluminium-polystyrene composite than the others. The conductive composite produced possess moderate electrical properties suitable for various industrial and electronic applications.
Experimental Study on Pressure Distribution and Flow Coefficient of Globe Valve

In this study, the pressure distribution and flow coefficient of a globe valve are investigated with a series of experiments conducted in a flow test loop. The experiments are performed on a three-inch model test valve from an eight-inch ANSI (American National Standards Institute) B16.11—Class 2500# prototype globe valve with various pump speeds and full range of valve openings. Both inherent and installed flow characteristics are measured, and the results show that the flow coefficient depends not only on the valve geometry and valve opening but also on the Reynolds number. When the Reynolds number exceeds a certain value, the flow coefficients are stable. In addition, the pressures at different positions in the upstream and the downstream of the valve are measured and compared with recommendation per ANSI/ISA-75.01 standard. The results show that, in single-phase flow, the discrepancies in pressure between different measurement locations within close range of 10 nominal diameter from the valve are inconsiderable.
Hemodynamic Effects of Alpha-Tropomyosin Mutations Associated with Inherited Cardiomyopathies: Multiscale Simulation

The effects of two cardiomyopathy-associated mutations in regulatory sarcomere protein tropomyosin (Tpm) on heart function were studied with a new multiscale model of the cardiovascular system (CVS). They were a Tpm mutation, Ile284Val, associated with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), and an Asp230Asn one associated with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). When the molecular and cell-level changes in the Ca2+ regulation of cardiac muscle caused by these mutations were introduced into the myocardial model of the left ventricle (LV) while the LV shape remained the same as in the model of the normal heart, the cardiac output and arterial blood pressure reduced. Simulations of LV hypertrophy in the case of the Ile284Val mutation and LV dilatation in the case of the Asp230Asn mutation demonstrated that the LV remodeling partially recovered the stroke volume and arterial blood pressure, confirming that both hypertrophy and dilatation help to preserve the LV function. The possible effects of changes in passive myocardial stiffness in the model according to data reported for HCM and DCM hearts were also simulated. The results of the simulations showed that the end-systolic pressure–volume relation that is often used to characterize heart contractility strongly depends on heart geometry and cannot be used as a characteristic of myocardial contractility.
Extraction, identification, caractérisation des activités biologiques de flavonoïdes de Nitraria retusa et synthèse de dérivés acylés de ces molécules par voie enzymatique

Ce travail a consiste, dans un premier temps, a extraire et a identifier les flavonoides majeurs contenus dans les feuilles de Nitraria retusa et a evaluer leurs activites biologiques. Quatre flavonoides ont ete identifies dans les extraits et les fractions obtenus : l’isorhamnetine, l’isorhamnetine-3-O-glucoside et les deux isomeres isorhamnetine-3-O-rutinoside et isorhamnetine-3-O-robinobioside. L’etude des activites biologiques des extraits et des fractions de N. retusa a permis d’etablir une relation lineaire entre leur teneur en flavonoides et leurs activites antioxydantes et antiproliferatives, les milieux les plus riches presentant les activites les plus importantes. Ces activites dependent egalement de la nature des flavonoides presents ; ainsi, la tres forte activite d’inhibition de la xanthine oxydase relevee pour la fraction au chloroforme et sa grande capacite a pieger le radical DPPH ont ete attribuees a sa teneur elevee en isorhamnetine, flavonoide aglycone presentant une grande analogie structurale avec la quercetine, molecule bien connue pour ses activites antioxydantes. Dans un deuxieme temps, l’acylation enzymatique de l’isoquercitrine, flavonoide modele, et de l’isorhamnetine-3-O-glucoside a ete etudiee pour tenter d’ameliorer leurs proprietes. L’acylation enzymatique de l’isoquercitrine par des esters ethyliques d’acides gras de differentes longueurs de chaine, catalysee par la lipase B de Candida antarctica, a montre que les performances de la reaction sont inversement proportionnelles a la longueur de la chaine du donneur d’acyle. Des resultats similaires ont ete obtenus lors de l’acylation de l’isorhamnetine-3-O-glucoside. Les activites des esters d’isoquercitrine et d’isorhamnetine-3-O-glucoside ont ete evaluees et comparees a celles des flavonoides non acyles. Les esters ont montre des activites antiproliferatives vis-a-vis de cellules Caco2 et d’inhibition de la xanthine oxydase plus importantes que celles des molecules d’origine. Finalement, ce travail a permis d’apporter des elements de comprehension de la relation structure-activite de flavonoides et de leurs derives acyles
Decision letter for "Enabling conditions for the implementation and conservation outcomes of a private nature reserve"

Expanding conservation efforts to private land is paramount to halt biodiversity loss and achieve global conservation targets Individual landowners can play disproportionately important roles by establishing private parks and managing them with biodiversity-focused objectives However, several constraints hinder the expansion of such initiatives, and little is known about their extent, characteristics and keys for success Here, we provide insights on the conditions that favoured the establishment and conservation outcomes of a private reserve in central Spain whose management has been fully conservation-oriented for the past two decades We report on the actions implemented to accomplish four key targets that aimed at protecting and enhancing wildlife populations, and on the landholder's motivations to devote his personal resources to pursue this goal After acquiring the land, the landowner has made efforts to restore native wildlife populations after decades of poaching and intensive cattle raising Key actions included re-establishing degraded vegetation and fostering keystone rabbit populations to sustain carnivore populations Water bodies are maintained to provide drinking points and foster aquatic animal populations;nest boxes target birds and bats Many actions resulted from advice from multiple stakeholders, including public administration officers, academics, local residents and NGOs The estate's formal conservation status has made it a partner in major conservation projects, including repeated releases of captively bred Iberian lynx The landowner's determination for long-term conservation was formalised through a legal protected-area status The condition that drove the creation of the reserve was the landowner's intrinsic motivation, which resulted from conservation ethic, personal identity and the desire to share and educate about the multiple values of nature Additionally, several external conditions, such as accessibility and appropriate reserve size (biophysical conditions), the lack of need for economic activities (economic), a positive and pro-active relationship with multiple stakeholders (social-cultural), the protected-area status and the capacity to make decisions independently (governance-related), have helped sustain the project The landholder suggests that public policy should reduce the bureaucratic burden to intrinsically motivated landowners and provide them technical advice, trust and financial incentives to expand conservation on private land
Forms, transformations and availability of phosphorus after 32 years of manure and mineral fertilization in a Mollisol under continuous maize cropping

ABSTRACT A 32-year field experiment was performed to examine the impact of applications of pig manure and mineral fertilizers alone or in combination on phosphorus (P) forms, transformations and availability in a Mollisol. The concentrations of total P, Olsen P, inorganic P (Pi) and organic P (Po) and their fractions were generally higher in treatments with than without mineral fertilizers and manure, and with high than with low manure rate. The proportions of Olsen P to total P, dicalcium bound P (Ca2-P) and octacalcium bound P (Ca8-P) to Pi and labile Po (LPo) to Po were significantly higher in manured than in unmanured treatments. The direct path coefficient of Ca2-P on Olsen P (1.63) was larger than that of other P fractions on Olsen P (–0.87 to 0.24), and the indirect path coefficients of all P fractions on Olsen P via Ca2-P (1.50 to 1.62) were greater than those through other P fractions (–0.86 to 0.24). The results suggested that manure promotes accumulation of Ca2-P and LPo, and mineral fertilizers combined with high-rate manure are especially effective for improving P availability. Contributions of other P fractions on Olsen P are mainly via their indirect effects for Ca2-P. Abbreviations: CK: control; NPK: nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers; M1: pig manure at low rate; M2: pig manure at high rate; TP: total phosphorus; Pi: inorganic phosphorus; Po: organic phosphorus; Ca2-P: dicalcium bound phosphorus; Ca8-P: octacalcium bound phosphorus; Ca10-P: phosphorite bound phosphorus; Al-P: aluminum bound phosphorus; Fe-P: iron bound phosphorus; O-P: occluded iron/aluminum bound phosphorus; LPo: labile organic phosphorus; MLPo: moderately labile organic phosphorus; MRPo: moderately resistant organic phosphorus; HRPo: highly resistant organic phosphorus; PAC: phosphorus activation coefficient; SOC: soil organic carbon; TN: total nitrogen; PCA: principal component analysis.
Physical and mechanical properties of soybean

Thephysical and mechanical properties of soy- bean were determined at 8 to 16% moisture content. In this moistu- re range, grain length, width, thickness, arithmetic average diame- ter and geometric average diameter increased from 7.24 to 8.19, 6.79-7.12, 5.78-6.23, 6.60-7.18, 6.57-7.14 mm, respectively. The volume of grain and area of grain surface increased linearly from 130.97 to 160.32 and from 125.46 to 144.39 mm 2 , respectively. The sphericity, bulk density, true density and porosity decreased linearly from 0.91 to 0.87, 766.12-719.00, 983.33-905.67 kg m -3 and 22.58 to 20.61%, respectively. The angle of internal friction in- creased linearly from 27.37 to 31.81 with the increase of moisture content. The static coefficient of friction increased from 0.385 to 0.571, 0.304-0.441 and 0.164-0.286 for concrete, wood and galva- nized steel surfaces, respectively.