Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
HeartMate-3 Ventricular Assist Devices Versus the Total Artificial Heart for Biventricular Support: A Single-Center Series.

Introduction: The SynCardia total artificial heart (TAH) is the only device approved for biventricular support. Continuous flow ventricular assist devices (VAD) in a biventricular configuration (BiVAD) have been used with variable results. The purpose of this report was to examine differences in patient characteristics and outcomes between two HeartMate-3 (HM-3) VADs in comparison with TAH support. Methods: All patients who received durable biventricular mechanical support from November 2018 to May 2022 at The Mount Sinai Hospital (New York) were considered. Baseline clinical, echocardiographic, hemodynamic, and outcome data were extracted. Primary outcomes were postoperative survival and successful bridge-to-transplant (BTT). Results: A total of 16 patients received durable biventricular mechanical support during the study period, of which 6 (38%) patients received two HM-3 VAD pumps as BiVAD support and 10 (62%) patients received a TAH. Overall, TAH patients had a lower median lactate (p < 0.05) at baseline compared to those on HM-3 BiVAD support yet had higher operative morbidity, lower 6-month survival (p < 0.05), and a higher rate of renal failure (80 vs. 17%; p = 0.03). However, survival declined to the same rate at 1 year (50%) and was largely because of extracardiac adverse events related to underlying comorbidities (particularly, renal failure and diabetes, p < 0.05). Successful BTT was achieved in 3 out of 6 HM-3 BiVAD patients and in 5 out of 10 TAH patients. Conclusion: In our single center experience, similar outcomes were observed among patients BTT with HM-3 BiVAD compared to those BTT on TAH support despite lower Interagency Registry for Mechanically Assisted Circulatory Support level.
Stochastic Response of Offshore Structures Excited by Drag Forces

This paper describes a new method for representing hydrodynamic drag forces on a marine structure subjected to random waves. It is shown that the obtained force representation has the correct statistical properties to good approximation. A fair agreement can also be obtained between the spectral density of the force representation and that of the original drag force. The distinct advantage of the proposed representation is that it becomes possible to carry out a dynamic analysis of a linear structure in the frequency domain using available techniques, which are part of a larger packet that includes efficient tools for providing detailed statistical information about the response process. This has implications toward more efficient analyses of, for example, long-term fatigue of offshore structures.
Circulating tumor DNA‐based molecular residual disease detection for treatment monitoring in advanced melanoma patients

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have substantially improved overall survival in patients with advanced melanoma; however, the lack of biomarkers to monitor treatment response and relapse remains an important clinical challenge. Thus, a reliable biomarker is needed that can risk‐stratify patients for disease recurrence and predict response to treatment.
A Community Engaged Approach in Adapting Motivational Interviewing and Skills Training for Native Americans With Experiences of Substance Misuse

Objective American Indian and Alaskan Natives (AIAN) are regenerating cultural knowledge and practices to adapt westernized evidence-based interventions to address health concerns such as substance use. This study describes the process of selecting, adapting, and implementing motivational interviewing plus cognitive behavior therapy (motivational interviewing + Skills Training; MIST) for use in a combined substance use intervention with a rural, Northwest tribal community. Methods An established community and academic partnership worked together to make culturally mindful changes to MIST. The partnership incorporated community leaders/Elders (n = 7), providers (n = 9), and participants (n = 50) to implement an iterative process of adapting and implementing the adapted form of MIST. Results Key adaptations included presenting concepts grounded in tribal values, providing examples from the community perspective, and incorporating cultural customs and traditions. Overall, the MIST adaptation was favorably received by participants, and the adaptation appeared feasible. Conclusions Adapted MIST appeared to be an acceptable intervention for this Native American community. Future research should evaluate the interventions efficacy in reducing substance use among this and other Native American communities. Future clinical research should consider strategies outlined in this adaptation as a potential process for working with Native American communities to implement culturally appropriate interventions.
On-Site Computed Tomography–Derived Fractional Flow Reserve to Guide Management of Patients With Stable Coronary Artery Disease: The TARGET Randomized Trial

Background: Computed tomography–derived fractional flow reserve (CT-FFR) using on-site machine learning enables identification of both the presence of coronary artery disease and vessel-specific ischemia. However, it is unclear whether on-site CT-FFR improves clinical or economic outcomes when compared with the standard of care in patients with stable coronary artery disease. Methods: In total, 1216 patients with stable coronary artery disease and an intermediate stenosis of 30% to 90% on coronary computed tomographic angiography were randomized to an on-site CT-FFR care pathway using machine learning or to standard care in 6 Chinese medical centers. The primary end point was the proportion of patients undergoing invasive coronary angiography without obstructive coronary artery disease or with obstructive disease who did not undergo intervention within 90 days. Secondary end points included major adverse cardiovascular events, quality of life, symptoms of angina, and medical expenditure at 1 year. Results: Baseline characteristics were similar in both groups, with 72.4% (881/1216) having either typical or atypical anginal symptoms. A total of 421 of 608 patients (69.2%) in the CT-FFR care group and 483 of 608 patients (79.4%) in the standard care group underwent invasive coronary angiography. Compared with standard care, the proportion of patients undergoing invasive coronary angiography without obstructive coronary artery disease or with obstructive disease not undergoing intervention was significantly reduced in the CT-FFR care group (28.3% [119/421] versus 46.2% [223/483]; P<0.001). Overall, more patients underwent revascularization in the CT-FFR care group than in the standard care group (49.7% [302/608] versus 42.8% [260/608]; P=0.02), but major adverse cardiovascular events at 1 year did not differ (hazard ratio, 0.88 [95% CI, 0.59–1.30]). Quality of life and symptoms improved similarly during follow-up in both groups, and there was a trend towards lower costs in the CT-FFR care group (difference, –¥4233 [95% CI, –¥8165 to ¥973]; P=0.07). Conclusions: On-site CT-FFR using machine learning reduced the proportion of patients with stable coronary artery disease undergoing invasive coronary angiography without obstructive disease or requiring intervention within 90 days, but increased revascularization overall without improving symptoms or quality of life, or reducing major adverse cardiovascular events. Registration: URL: https://www.clinicaltrials. gov; Unique identifier: NCT03901326.
Refined Structural Dynamics Model for Composite Rotor Blades

In this paper, a refined one-dimensional beam formulation based on a mixed variational approach has been developed for static and free vibration analyses of both rotating and non-rotating composite blades with elastic coupling. The present approach allows the modeling of either open-section or closed-section blades of arbitrary section shape, stacking sequence, and end restraint effects. The theory accounts for the effects of elastic coupling, shell-wall thickness, warping, warping restraint, and transverse shear deformations. A semi-complimentary energy function is used to derive, in a variationally consistent manner, the beam force-displacement relations. The free vibration analysis is validated against experimental test data and other analytical results for composite beams of various cross-sections such as box-section, rectangular solid section, and I-section. Good correlation is achieved for all the test examples. The influence of modeling refinements on the free vibration characteristics of composite blades through the current mixed formulation is also investigated. The wall thickness effects are shown to become significant when the thickness-to-depth ratio of the beam approaches approximately 30%. The effects are seen to be more at higher modes.
Effect of temporal frequency on habituation in migraine

Individuals with migraine tend to experience discomfort when viewing flickering stimuli. It has been suggested that one of the characteristics of migraine is a lack of habituation to repetitive visual stimuli, although findings can be mixed. Previous work has typically used similar visual stimuli (chequerboard) and only one temporal frequency. This study systematically varied the spatial and temporal characteristics of the visual stimulus, using steady‐state visual evoked potentials to assess the differences in amplitude between migraine and control group over consecutive blocks of stimulation. Twenty individuals with migraine and 18 control observers were asked to rate their visual discomfort after viewing sequences of flickering Gabor patches with a frequency of either 3 or 9 Hz across three different spatial frequencies (low 0.5 cpd; mid‐range 3 cpd; high 12 cpd). Compared to the control group, the migraine group showed a reduction in SSVEP responses with increased exposure, suggesting habituation processes are intact at 3‐Hz stimulation. However, at 9‐Hz stimulation, there was evidence of increased responses with increasing exposure in the migraine group in particular, which might suggest a build‐up of the response over repetitive presentations. Visual discomfort varied with spatial frequency, for both 3‐ and 9‐Hz stimuli, the highest spatial frequencies were the least uncomfortable compared to the low‐ and mid‐range spatial frequencies in both groups. This difference in SSVEP response behaviour, dependent on temporal frequency, is important to consider when researching the effects of repetitive visual stimulation in migraine and could give some indication of build‐up of effects leading to aversion to visual stimuli.
Reproductive outcomes in couples with sporadic miscarriage after embryonic chromosomal microarray analysis

Abstract Objectives Chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA) has been widely applied to genetic diagnosis in miscarriages in clinical practice. However, the prognostic value of CMA testing of products of conception (POCs) after the first clinical miscarriage remains unknown. The aim of this study was to evaluate the reproductive outcomes after embryonic genetic testing by CMA in SM couples. Methods In this retrospective study, a total of 1142 SM couples referred for embryonic genetic testing by CMA, and 1022 couples were successfully followed up after CMA. Results Among 1130 cases without significant maternal cell contamination, pathogenic chromosomal abnormalities were detected in 680 cases (60.2%). The subsequent live birth rate did not differ significantly between couples with chromosomally abnormal and normal miscarriage (88.6% vs. 91.1%, p = .240), as well as the cumulative live birth rate (94.5% vs. 96.7%, p = .131). Couples with partial aneuploid miscarriage had a higher likelihood of spontaneous abortion both in the subsequent pregnancy (19.0% vs. 6.5%, p = .037) and cumulative pregnancies (19.0% vs. 6.8%, p = .044) when compared with couples with chromosomally normal miscarriage. Conclusions SM couples with chromosomally abnormal miscarriage manifested with a similar reproductive prognosis to couples with chromosomally normal miscarriage. Key messages CMA testing of POCs could provide an accurate genetic diagnosis for couples with SM. The live birth rate of couples with partial aneuploid miscarriage was as high as couples with chromosomally normal miscarriage, despite a higher risk of adverse pregnancy event. Among couples with the most common single aneuploid miscarriage, the cumulative live birth rates of couples with trisomy 16, sex chromosomal abnormalities and trisomy 22 were 94.1%, 95.8% and 84.0%, respectively.
A Diagnostic Study of Different Types of Rossby Wave Breaking Events in the Northern Extratropics

The long-term behavior of Rossby wave breaking (RWB) events is investigated by a diagnosis separating in different asymmetric types of RWB, i.e., cyclonically sheared waves breaking predominantly pole-ward (P1) or equatorward (LC2) and anticyclonically sheared waves breaking predominantly poleward (P2) or equatorward (LC1). Generally, RWB can be identified by meridional overturning of potential vorticity (PV) on specific isentropes, but a separation in poleward or equatorward asymmetry is too difficult based on PV maps alone. For this paper, we use that northward or southward direction of the meridional wave flux component for quasi-stationary Rossby waves indicates cyclonically or anticyclonically sheared RWB. We demonstrate that the magnitude of the meridional wave fluxes gives a reliable measure of the asymmetric types of RWB when combining with PV diagnostics as well as with the geometry of large-scale diffluent/ confluent flow. Based on 45 winter periods of ECMWF Reanalysis (ERA-40), we found two pronounced regions for P1- and LC2-type events, over the northern North Pacific and the northern North Atlantic, and two extended belts of P2- and LC1-type RWB events, over the North Pacific/North America region and the North Atlantic/European-West Asian region. The results reveal that the long-term mean occurrence of poleward RWB is generally as large as that of equatorward RWB with local differences. Since poleward or equatorward RWB events influence different regions efficiently, e.g., by associated cut-off cyclones or anticyclones, the proposed diagnosis gives an important tool for interpreting long-term general circulation patterns and large-scale weather regimes.
Scourhole developments in shallow tailwater

This paper investigates the scourhole developed by a plane jet entering shallow tailwater conditions. Through dimensional considerations and physical reasoning, the appropriate functional groups are identified. Experimental laboratory results are then used to evaluate the functional relationships and show that in shallow conditions, the jet can produce three very different scourhole regimes. Two are propagated where the jet permanently attaches itself to either the bed or the free surface boundary whilst the third is produced when the jet periodically flicks between the free and solid bed boundaries. Results are presented to illustrate the different hydraulic processes which are active during this unusual scourhole development.
Nonmonotonic spatial decay and shield height effects in inductively coupled plasmas

Nonmonotonic spatial decay in electric field and space current distributions was recently observed in weakly collisional plasmas. The anomalous skin effect is found to be responsible for this phenomenon. Based on our proposed self-consistent analytic model, we successfully modeled the nonmonotonic spatial decay effect in inductively coupled plasma sources. The simulated spatial distribution of the induced E-field is compared to the measurements for different applied RF powers. Quantitative agreements for the electric field and qualitative agreement for the induced space current are achieved between the simulated and measured data. Also demonstrated is that the RF power and the reactor geometry such as the shield height has a direct impact upon the anomalous skin effect and its skin depth.
Widespread fMRI BOLD Signal Overactivations during Cognitive Control in Older Adults Are Not Matched by Corresponding Increases in fPET Glucose Metabolism

A common observation in fMRI studies using the BOLD signal is that older adults, compared with young adults, show overactivations, particularly during less demanding tasks. The neuronal underpinnings of such overactivations are not known, but a dominant view is that they are compensatory in nature and involve recruitment of additional neural resources. We scanned 23 young (20-37 years) and 34 older (65-86 years) healthy human adults of both sexes with hybrid positron emission tomography/MRI. The radioligand [18F]fluoro-deoxyglucose was used to assess dynamic changes in glucose metabolism as a marker of task-dependent synaptic activity, along with simultaneous fMRI BOLD imaging. Participants performed two verbal working memory (WM) tasks: one involving maintenance (easy) and one requiring manipulation (difficult) of information in WM. Converging activations to the WM tasks versus rest were observed for both imaging modalities and age groups in attentional, control, and sensorimotor networks. Upregulation of activity to WM-demand, comparing the more difficult to the easier task, also converged between both modalities and age groups. For regions in which older adults showed task-dependent BOLD overactivations compared with the young adults, no corresponding increases in glucose metabolism were found. To conclude, findings from the current study show that task-induced changes in the BOLD signal and synaptic activity as measured by glucose metabolism generally converge, but overactivations observed with fMRI in older adults are not coupled with increased synaptic activity, which suggests that these overactivations are not neuronal in origin. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Findings of increased fMRI activations in older compared with younger adults have been suggested to reflect increased use of neuronal resources to cope with reduced brain function. The physiological underpinnings of such compensatory processes are poorly understood, however, and rest on the assumption that vascular signals accurately reflect neuronal activity. Comparing fMRI and simultaneously acquired functional positron emission tomography as an alternative index of synaptic activity, we show that age-related overactivations do not appear to be neuronal in origin. This result is important because mechanisms underlying compensatory processes in aging are potential targets for interventions aiming to prevent age-related cognitive decline.
Global Dynamics of Porcine Enteric Coronavirus PEDV Epidemiology, Evolution, and Transmission

Abstract With a possible origin from bats, the alphacoronavirus Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) causes significant hazards and widespread epidemics in the swine population. However, the ecology, evolution, and spread of PEDV are still unclear. Here, from 149,869 fecal and intestinal tissue samples of pigs collected in an 11-year survey, we identified PEDV as the most dominant virus in diarrheal animals. Global whole genomic and evolutionary analyses of 672 PEDV strains revealed the fast-evolving PEDV genotype 2 (G2) strains as the main epidemic viruses worldwide, which seems to correlate with the use of G2-targeting vaccines. The evolving pattern of the G2 viruses presents geographic bias as they evolve tachytely in South Korea but undergo the highest recombination in China. Therefore, we clustered six PEDV haplotypes in China, whereas South Korea held five haplotypes, including a unique haplotype G. In addition, an assessment of the spatiotemporal spread route of PEDV indicates Germany and Japan as the primary hubs for PEDV dissemination in Europe and Asia, respectively. Overall, our findings provide novel insights into the epidemiology, evolution, and transmission of PEDV, and thus may lay a foundation for the prevention and control of PEDV and other coronaviruses.
Biological functions and structural biology of Plasmodium falciparum autophagy‐related proteins: The under‐explored options for novel antimalarial drug design

Malaria remains a threat to global public health and the available antimalarial drugs are undermined by side effects and parasite resistance, suggesting an emphasis on new potential targets. Among the novel targets, Plasmodium falciparum autophagy‐related proteins (PfAtg) remain a priority. In this paper, we reviewed the existing knowledge on the functions and structural biology of PfAtg including the compounds with inhibitory activity toward P. falciparum Atg8‐Atg3 protein–protein interaction (PfAtg8‐PfAtg3 PPI). A total of five PfAtg (PfAtg5, PfAtg8, PfAtg12, PfAtg18, and Rab7) were observed to have autophagic and/or non‐autophagic roles. Available data showed that PfAtg8 has conserved hydrophobic pockets, which allows it to interact with PfAtg3 to form PfAtg8‐PfAtg3 PPI. Additionally, 2‐bromo‐N‐(4‐pyridin‐2‐yl‐1,3‐thiazol‐2‐yl) benzamide was identified as the most powerful inhibitor of PfAtg8‐PfAtg3 PPI. Due to the dearth of knowledge in this field, we hope that the article would open an avenue to further research on the remaining PfAtg as possible drug candidates.
Transcriptome profile in Drosophila Kc and S2 embryonic cell lines

Abstract Drosophila melanogaster cell lines are an important resource for a range of studies spanning genomics, molecular genetics, and cell biology. Amongst these valuable lines are Kc167 (Kc) and Schneider 2 (S2) cells, which were originally isolated in the late 1960s from embryonic sources and have been used extensively to investigate a broad spectrum of biological activities including cell–cell signaling and immune system function. Whole-genome tiling microarray analysis of total RNA from these two cell types was performed as part of the modENCODE project over a decade ago and revealed that they share a number of gene expression features. Here, we expand on these earlier studies by using deep-coverage RNA-sequencing approaches to investigate the transcriptional profile in Kc and S2 cells in detail. Comparison of the transcriptomes reveals that ∼75% of the 13,919 annotated genes are expressed at a detectable level in at least one of the cell lines, with the majority of these genes expressed at high levels in both cell lines. Despite the overall similarity of the transcriptional landscape in the two cell types, 2,588 differentially expressed genes are identified. Many of the genes with the largest fold change are known only by their “CG” designations, indicating that the molecular control of Kc and S2 cell identity may be regulated in part by a cohort of relatively uncharacterized genes. Our data also indicate that both cell lines have distinct hemocyte-like identities, but share active signaling pathways and express a number of genes in the network responsible for dorsal–ventral patterning of the early embryo.