Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
General Features of Squall Lines in East China

AbstractBased on mosaics of composite radar reflectivity patterns during the 2-yr period of 2008–09, a total of 96 squall lines were identified in east China with a maximum frequency of occurrence in north China near the boundaries between Shandong, Henan, Anhui, and Jiangsu Provinces. The squall lines form from March to October with a peak in July. Their diurnal variation shows a major peak in the early evening and two minor peaks in the early morning and early afternoon. The time between squall-line formation and the first echo is about 4.8 h. The squall lines have a dominant southwest–northeast orientation, an eastward motion at a speed of 14.4 m s−1, a maximum length of 243 km, a maximum intensity of 58–63 dBZ, and a duration of 4.7 h on average. The squall lines commonly form in a broken-line mode, display a trailing-stratiform pattern, and dissipate in a reversed broken-line mode. Composite rawinsonde analyses show that squall lines in midlatitude east China tend to form in a moister environment wit.
Liver cirrhosis and alcohol consumption in the U.K.

The temporal relationship between cirrhosis mortality and alcohol consumption in the U.K. is examined using time series techniques that, although widespread in the analysis of economic and financial data, have only been considered sporadically in addiction research. The recent acceleration in cirrhosis mortality in the U.K. over the last decade is found to be primarily related to increases in wine consumption, with beer and spirits playing very much a minor role.
Spectral features of wall pressure fluctuations beneath turbulent boundary layers

Experimental measurements of the frequency spectra and frequency cross‐spectra of the wall pressure fluctuations beneath a turbulent boundary layer were made in a low‐noise flow facility. The data, taken over a range of flow speeds, clearly display a dimensionless frequency (ωδ/uτ=50) at which the spectra achieve a maximum and a low‐frequency range with an approximately ω2 rolloff. The scaling laws for the low‐, mid‐, and high‐frequency regions of the spectrum are established. The cross‐spectral data, obtained over a range of streamwise separations (0.21≤ξ/δ≤16.4), allow for the computations of the decay Γ(ξ,ω) and convection velocity Uc(ξ,ω) of the wall pressure field. These data show the existence of two distinct wave number groups: a high wave number group that scales on the similarity variable k1ξ=ωξ/Uc(ξ,ω) associated with turbulent sources in the log region of the boundary layer, in which eddies decay in proportion to their size, and a low wave number group that defines the cutoff for the large‐scal.
Particulate organic carbon in the deep-water region of the Gulf of Mexico

Ocean eddies play a major role in lateral and vertical mixing processes of particulate organic carbon (POC), as well as in the transport of heat, salinity, and biogeochemical tracers. In the open waters of the Gulf of Mexico (GoM), however, there are limited observations to characterize how these mesoscale structures affect the spatial distribution of POC in the upper water column, which is important for organic matter cycling and export. We present the distribution patterns of POC relative to mesoscale features throughout the water column in the deep-water region of the GoM during three oceanographic cruises held during the summer months of 2015, 2016, and 2017. Samples were collected under well-stratified upper ocean conditions, which allowed us to assess the spatial and temporal distribution of POC as a function of non-steric sea surface height, density, apparent oxygen utilization, and chlorophyll fluorescence. We further explored the variability of integrated surface layer POC concentrations at stations located within the cores and the edges of cyclonic and anticyclonic eddies, and those collected outside these structures. Although our results indicate mesoscale eddies modulate several important physical and biogeochemical variables and POC concentrations in the upper ocean, these features do not fully explain the spatial distribution of POC concentrations throughout the deep-water region of the GoM. Relatively lower POC concentrations were observed in the border of the cyclonic and the center of the anticyclonic eddies, in contrast to the relatively higher POC concentrations at the center of the cyclonic and the border of anticyclonic eddies. We observed high variability in POC concentration variability outside mesoscale structures, which may be attributed to other processes such as upwelling over the shelves, and the contribution by rivers during the summer especially in the northern and southern GoM.
Landscape Pattern Change and Ecological Effect in a Typical Mountain–Oasis–Desert Region in the Northwest Region of China

China has experienced dramatic changes in its land use and landscape pattern in the past few decades. At present, a large number of studies have carried out in-depth and systematic analyses on the landscape variation and its ecological effects in Central and Eastern China, but research on the northwest arid region is relatively deficient. In the present study, the city of Hami, which is located in the northwest arid region of China, was selected as the study area to investigate the responses in the habitat quality, water yield and carbon storage to land use and cover change during 2000–2020. We found that (1) during the entire study period (2000–2020), the variation intensity of the first decade (2000–2010) was significantly greater than that of the second decade (2010–2020), and the conversion between desert and grassland played a dominant role in the conversion among these land types. (2) The maximum value of the habitat degradation degree in Hami city increased during the study period, indicating that the habitat presented a trend of degradation. (3) The total carbon storage in Hami city was approximately 11.03 × 106 t, 11.16 × 106 t and 11.17 × 106 t in 2000, 2010 and 2020, respectively, which indicated an increasing trend. (4) According to the calculation, the average water yield and the total water conservation showed a decreasing trend in the study area. The corresponding results will help to formulate protective measures that are conducive to the restoration of ecosystem functions in extremely arid regions.
Normal mode nomenclature of quadrupole gyromagnetic waveguides

The normal mode nomenclature of quadruple gyromagnetic waveguides is reviewed. A perturbation and anisotropic formulation of the normal modes of this type of waveguide is given which is in keeping with previously published work. A closed-form formulation of the problem is described. The field distributions in this type of waveguide are shown to display a classic edge mode effect. >
Millimeter Wave Attenuation Due to Wind and Heavy Rain in a Tropical Region

Millimeter wave fixed wireless systems in future backhaul and access network applications can be affected by weather conditions. The losses caused by rain attenuation and antenna misalignment due to wind-induced vibrations have greater impacts on the link budget reduction at E-band frequencies and higher. The current International Telecommunications Union Radiocommunication Sector (ITU-R) recommendation has been widely used to estimate rain attenuation, and the recent Asia Pacific Telecommunity (APT) report provides the model to estimate the wind-induced attenuation. This article provides the first experimental study of the combined rain and wind effects in a tropical location using both models at a frequency in the E band (74.625 GHz) and a short distance of 150 m. In addition to using wind speeds for attenuation estimation, the setup also provides direct antenna inclination angle measurements using the accelerometer data. This solves the limitation of relying on the wind speed since the wind-induced loss is dependent on the inclination direction. The results show that the current ITU-R model can be used to estimate the attenuation of a short fixed wireless link under heavy rain, and the addition of wind attenuation via the APT model can estimate the worst-case link budget during high wind speeds.
Exercise Behaviour and Body Esteem of Gym-Goers in India

Exercise dependence is described as exercise which is harmful if engaged compulsively and excessively. The present study aims to investigate differences in categories of exercise behaviours and areas of body esteem in gym-goers in India across genders. The study used a cross-sectional design, and the sample consisted of 291 gym-goers (females = 146; males = 145) The Exercise Dependence Scale- 21 (EDS-21) and Body Esteem Scale-Revised (BES-R) was administered to the gym-goers in India after seeking informed consent. The obtained data were statistically analysed using descriptive statistics and multivariate analysis of variance. The results of the study indicated that there was a significant difference in the three categories of exercise behaviours and three areas of body esteem in male gym-goers. However, such similar differences were not found in female gym-goers. The differences found in body esteem for the male gym-goers in certain areas suggest how exercise has an impact on body image. For female gym-goers, we can see that irrespective of the category they belong to, there is no difference in the areas of body esteem. We can understand such findings with the sociocultural model of excessive exercise given by White and Halliwell (DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2010.02.002) where perceived sociocultural pressure predicts excessive exercise, which is mediated by body image. Strengths and limitations of the study are discussed. Future research in India based on qualitative and longitudinal designs are warranted.
Global trajectory tracking through output feedback for robot manipulators with bounded inputs

In this work, a globally stabilizing output feedback scheme for the trajectory tracking of robot manipulators with bounded inputs is proposed. It achieves the motion control objective avoiding input saturation and excluding velocity measurements. Moreover, it is not defined using a specific sigmoidal function, but any one on a set of saturation functions. Consequently, the proposed scheme actually constitutes a family of globally stabilizing output feedback bounded controllers. Furthermore, the control gains are not tied to satisfy any saturation‐avoidance inequality and may consequently take any positive value, which may be considered beneficial for performance adjustment/improvement purposes. Further, a class of desired trajectories that may be globally tracked avoiding input saturation and excluding velocity measurements is completely characterized. Global asymptotic stabilization of the closed‐loop system solutions towards the pre‐specified desired trajectory is proved through a strict Lyapunov function. The efficiency of the proposed scheme is corroborated through experimental results.
Text4PTSI: A Promising Supportive Text Messaging Program to Mitigate Psychological Symptoms in Public Safety Personnel

Background: Public safety personnel experience various mental health conditions due to their work’s complex and demanding nature. There are barriers to seeking support and treatment; hence, providing innovative and cost-effective interventions can help improve mental health symptoms in public safety personnel. Objective: The study aimed to evaluate the impact of Text4PTSI on depression, anxiety, trauma, and stress-related symptoms, and the resilience of public safety personnel after six months of providing supportive text message intervention. Methods: Public safety personnel subscribed to Text4PTSI and received daily supportive and psychoeducational SMS text messages for six months. Participants were invited to complete standardized self-rated web-based questionnaires to assess depression, anxiety, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and resilience symptoms measured on the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 scale (GAD-7), Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Checklist-Civilian Version (PCL-C), and the Brief Resilience Scale (BRS), respectively. The assessment of mental health conditions was conducted at baseline (enrolment) and six weeks, three months, and six months after enrollment. Results: One hundred and thirty-one subscribers participated in the Text4PTSI program, and eighteen completed both the baseline and any follow-up survey. A total of 31 participants completed the baseline survey and 107 total surveys were recorded at all follow-up time points. The baseline prevalence of psychological problems among public safety personnel were as follows: likely major depressive disorder (MDD) was 47.1%, likely generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) was 37.5%, low resilience was 22.2%, and likely PTSD was 13.3%. At six months post-intervention, the prevalence of likely MDD, likely GAD, and likely PTSD among respondents reduced; however, a statistically significant reduction was reported only for likely MDD (−35.3%, X2 (1) = 2.55, p = 0.03). There was no significant change in the prevalence of low resilience between baseline and post-intervention. There was a decrease in the mean scores on the PHQ-9, GAD-7, PCL-C, and the BRS from baseline to post-intervention by 25.8%, 24.7%, 9.5%, and 0.3%, respectively. However, the decrease was only statistically significant for the mean change in GAD-7 scores with a low effect size (t (15) = 2.73, p = 0.02). Conclusions: The results of this study suggest a significant reduction in the prevalence of likely MDD as well as the severity of anxiety symptoms from baseline to post-intervention for subscribers of the Text4PTSI program. Text4PTSI is a cost-effective, convenient, and easily scalable program that can augment other services for managing the mental health burdens of public safety personnel.
Inner Polar Rings in Regular Lenticular Galaxies

We have investigated a sample of S0 galaxies, mostly with circumnuclear dust lanes orthogonal to their major axes, chosen from Hubble Space Telescope Wide Field Planetary Camera 2 images. Two-dimensional spectroscopy undertaken with the Multipupil Fiber Spectrograph of the 6 m telescope of the Special Astrophysical Observatory of the Russian Academy of Sciences has revealed that indeed the ionized gas in the centers of these eight lenticular galaxies rotate in the planes nearly orthogonal to the rotation (and symmetry) planes of their central stellar components. Although almost all the galaxies are located in dense environments, an external origin of this rotation plane tilt is not obvious because all the galaxies but one are known to have extended H I disks, and in two cases where the angular resolution of H I observations allows, we find orthogonality of the external H I and inner ionized gas disks. We discuss a possible relation of the inner gas polar rings to a triaxiality of galactic potential. The stellar populations in the nuclei of all but two galaxies are very old, which excludes recent star formation bursts and proves that the polar orbits of the circumnuclear gas are rather stable. In the nuclei of NGC 2655 and NGC 4111, we have found signatures of star formation bursts some 1.5–2 Gyr ago. This finding can be related to very central gas in NGC 2655, which is coplanar to the circumnuclear stellar disk and to radial gas inflow in NGC 4111; just these gas reservoirs and not the polar rings may be responsible for fueling nuclear star formation.
Social and economic development from an integrated sustainability perspective: analysing the interaction of social capital, income level, and income inequality in China

ABSTRACT This study aims to explore bilateral interactions of social and economic pillars of sustainability in China to reveal if they are synergistic or trade-off. To this end, this research uses the bootstrap method for panel data and an Ordinary Quantile Regression model to estimate the effects of social capital proxies including political identity, family relationship network and trust on economic condition proxy, household income, in different quantiles of Chinese households. This study uses data based on microsurvey data from the China Family Tracking Survey (CFPS) conducted by the China Social Science Research Center of Peking University in 2014, 2016 and 2018. The results show that social capital positively affects economic status implying the synergistic impact of social development on economic pillars of sustainable development. Moreover, further examination reveals that the resulted improvement in economic status is distributed equally among different quantiles of Chinese households. This result implies that the reflective effect of economic development on social pillar is synergistic. Overall, these findings accept the synergistic interactions between social and economic pillars of sustainability which is consistent with the integrated sustainability perspective. These findings suggest that policymakers in both the social and economic sectors to consider the consequences of their own plans and strategies for the other sectors.
Theoretical investigations on a variable-coefficient generalized forced–perturbed Korteweg–de Vries–Burgers model for a dilated artery, blood vessel or circulatory system with experimental support

Recent theoretical physics efforts have been focused on the probes for nonlinear pulse waves in, for example, variable-radius arteries. With respect to the nonlinear waves in an artery full of blood with certain aneurysm, pulses in a blood vessel, or features in a circulatory system, this paper symbolically computes out an auto-Bäcklund transformation via a noncharacteristic movable singular manifold, certain families of the solitonic solutions, as well as a family of the similarity reductions for a variable-coefficient generalized forced–perturbed Korteweg–de Vries–Burgers equation. Aiming, e.g., at the dynamical radial displacement superimposed on the original static deformation from an arterial wall, our results rely on the axial stretch of the injured artery, blood as an incompressible Newtonian fluid, radius variation along the axial direction or aneurysmal geometry, viscosity of the fluid, thickness of the artery, mass density of the membrane material, mass density of the fluid, strain energy density of the artery, shear modulus, stretch ratio, etc. We also highlight that the shock-wave structures from our solutions agree well with those dusty-plasma-experimentally reported.
Differentiability and ApproximateDifferentiability for Intrinsic LipschitzFunctions in Carnot Groups and a RademacherTheorem

Abstract A Carnot group G is a connected, simply connected, nilpotent Lie group with stratified Lie algebra.We study intrinsic Lipschitz graphs and intrinsic differentiable graphs within Carnot groups. Both seem to bethe natural analogues inside Carnot groups of the corresponding Euclidean notions. Here ‘natural’ is meantto stress that the intrinsic notions depend only on the structure of the algebra of G. We prove that one codimensionalintrinsic Lipschitz graphs are sets with locally finite G-perimeter. From this a Rademacher’s typetheorem for one codimensional graphs in a general class of groups is proved.
The Awareness of COVID-19 Pandemic among Educators at Amran University (a Cross-Sectional Exploration Study)

This study aimed to explore Amran University educators' awareness (AUEs'A) toward COVID-19. To fulfil this aim, an on line survey using a scale of COVID-19 (SCOVID-19) was used to collect data from a sample consisted of 87 participants selected from 206 of Amran University's educators and their assistants. Descriptive statistics, one-way ANOVA and multiple regression (MR) were applied to analyze data. Results of the study revealed that participants had a good awareness about this pandemic; since they had a very good knowledge and positive attitudes and practice towards it. Besides, results of t-test revealed that there are no differences between the mean scores of AUEs'A on the SCOVID-19 at (α=0.05) referred to gender and specialization variables. In addition, results of one-way ANOVA revealed that there are no statically significant differences between and within groups' mean scores on the scales of knowledge, and practice referred to the participants' degree of education variable (DEV), while significant differences on the attitudes scale referred to this variable and the differences were in favor of professor degree. Also results revealed significant differences referred to the faculty variable (FV) only on the knowledge and attitudes scales and the differences were in favor of faculty of medicine. According to MR, results revealed a positive correlation between the variables. Also an effect of independent variables (IVs), i.e. knowledge and attitudes, on the dependent variable (DV), i.e. practice, at (α=0.05) was revealed by these results. based on the results of the study, some recommendations were recommended.
HMLNet: a hierarchical metric learning network with dual attention for change detection in high-resolution remote sensing images

ABSTRACT Change detection (CD) in high-resolution remote sensing images (RSIs) can be regarded as a binary visual recognition problem. Metric learning (ML) is a reliable method to determine pixel class attributes based on discriminative distance function between learnable image features. However, most related works learn discriminative distance functions in single-scale feature pairs, which suffer from slow convergence and poor local optima, partially due to that the loss function employs only large-scale feature samples while not interacting with the other scale features. Furthermore, more effective features are a prerequisite for improving the performance of ML-based CD. Hence, we propose a novel hierarchical metric learning network (HMLNet) with dual attention for CD in RSIs, where the key point is that hierarchical metric learning is performed in an ensemble manner to improve detection accuracy and accelerate model convergence. Specifically, based on the features extracted from the encoder-decoder backbone, we construct a feature pyramid to handle the complex details of objects at various scales in RSIs, and then perform metric learning between the paired pyramid features at the same scale. In addition, the dual-attention module is proposed to enhance the internal consistency of changed objects and effectively obtain more detailed information by acting on multi-scale pyramid features. Extensive experiments on the two public RSIs CD datasets, and the results demonstrate that the proposed HMLNet can accurately locate changed objects, which consistently outperforms the state-of-the-art CD competitors.