Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Pace and Process of Active Folding and Fluvial Incision Across the Kantishna Hills Anticline, Central Alaska

Rates of northern Alaska Range thrust system deformation are poorly constrained. Shortening at the system's west end is focused on the Kantishna Hills anticline. Where the McKinley River cuts across the anticline, the landscape records both Late Pleistocene deformation and climatic change. New optically stimulated luminescence and cosmogenic 10Be depth profile dates of three McKinley River terrace levels (~22, ~18, and ~14–9 ka) match independently determined ages of local glacial maxima, consistent with climate‐driven terrace formation. Terrace ages quantify rates of differential bedrock incision, uplift, and shortening based on fault depth inferred from microseismicity. Differential rock uplift and incision (≤1.4 m/kyr) drive significant channel width narrowing in response to ongoing folding at a shortening rate of ~1.2 m/kyr. Our results constrain northern Alaska Range thrust system deformation rates, and elucidate superimposed landscape responses to Late Pleistocene climate change and active folding with broad geomorphic implications.
Applicative structure in vector space models

We introduce a new 50-dimensional embedding obtained by spectral clustering of a graph describing the conceptual structure of the lexicon. We use the embedding directly to investigate sets of antonymic pairs, and indirectly to argue that function application in CVSMs requires not just vectors but two transformations (corresponding to subject and object) as well.
An effective heuristic for computing many shortest path alternatives in road networks

We propose a simple and effective heuristic that allows fast generation of a large set of shortest path alternatives in weighted directed graphs. The heuristic is based on existing deviation path algorithms for exact k shortest paths. It precalculates a backward shortest path tree and thus avoids doing many shortest path computations, but as a result it does not necessarily find the exact set of k shortest paths. Computational results on real-world road networks are reported. Our tests show that the quality of the paths produced by the heuristic is most satisfactory: typically, the kth path found by the heuristic is less than 1% longer than the exact kth shortest path, for values of k up to 10,000. Moreover, the heuristic runs very fast. We also show how the heuristic can be enhanced to an exact k shortest paths algorithm, which performs well in comparison with the existing exact k shortest path algorithms.
Graph Cuts based image segmentation using local color and texture

this paper proposes a novel interactive image segmentation algorithm based on the Graph Cuts by employing the color and texture feature of pre-computed over-segmentation region. Firstly, Watershed algorithm based on color information has been used to partition the image into a lot of different regions which will be considered as the nodes of Graph Cuts, instead of image pixels. Then the color and texture features (uniform local binary pattern) were extracted from the aforementioned regions, which are used to redefine the region properties term and boundary properties term. Due to pretty integrate the color feature with texture feature; the proposed method can separate the object from its background with colors similar to its background. Experiments on Berkeley image datasets demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Pushing the limits on automation in GUI regression testing

Although there has been much work on automated GUI regression testing of software, full automation continues to etude us. There are two significant impediments to full automation: obtaining (J) test inputs and (2) test oracle. We now push the envelope 011 full automation of GUI regression testing by fully automatically generating test cases as well as the test oracle, completely eliminating manual work. This allows us to study issues of false positives/negatives in test failure; we provide ways to minimize these. The results of our empirical studies suggest that our approach of using workflow-based test eases, derived front the software under test, may help empower the end user to perform regression testing before applying software updates.
Dementia worry and its relationship to dementia exposure, psychological factors, and subjective memory concerns

ABSTRACT With increased societal awareness of dementia, older adults show increased concern about developing dementia, leading to misidentification of aging-related cognitive glitches as signs of dementia. While some researchers have suggested self-reported cognitive concerns accurately identify older adults with early signs of dementia, there is evidence that subjective cognitive decline is not associated with objective cognitive performance and instead reflects psychological factors consistent with models of health anxiety, including dementia worry. We examined the construct of dementia worry and its relationship to subjective memory concerns in 100 older adults (Mage = 69 years) without signs of dementia, using a recently developed measure of dementia worry. Consistent with hypotheses, dementia worry was related to exposure to dementia, having a high number of depressive or general worry symptoms, and having more memory concerns. Exposure to dementia moderated the relationship of dementia worry to depression and general worry. Furthermore, dementia worry moderated the relationship of objective memory impairment to subjective memory ratings. The results provide further evidence of the role of psychological factors such as dementia worry in subjective memory report and emphasize the need for objective cognitive testing before making determinations about dementia in older adults expressing memory concerns.
Peer Review History

BMJ Open publishes all reviews undertaken for accepted manuscripts. Reviewers are asked to complete a checklist review form are provided with free text boxes to elaborate on their assessment. These free text comments are reproduced below. Some articles will have been accepted based in part or entirely on reviews undertaken for other BMJ Group journals. These will be reproduced where possible. ARTICLE DETAILS TITLE (PROVISIONAL) The impact of economic austerity and prosperity events on suicide in Greece: a 30-year interrupted time-series analysis GENERAL COMMENTS 1. in Methods 1. first paragraph: the phrase in red is not necessary We included all suicide deaths, regardless of age, since younger individuals who committed suicide, in having the capacity to act to take their own life, also likely had the capacity to perceive how they, individuals they knew, or Greeks generally were impacted by the country's economic situation. 2. In the next paragraph the source of the data (E>LSTAS>T) is only necessary, not the goals of the authority. 3. in 3rd oaragrph 4th line: n stead of Greek certificates it would be better Death certificates in Greece 4. in Conclusions (page 12): Our analysis points to a significant increase in suicides following austerity-related events in Greece. Given these findings, we concur with others that a more robust mental healthcare system that offers more screening, follow-up, and treatment of people with suicidal ideation and accompanying mental health conditions is clearly in order for Greece.1,6,36 Less expensive telephone and web-based psychotherapies that build long-term relationships between clients and providers also appear to hold promise in reducing suicidal ideation and might be considered.38 In addition to these potential strategies, enhanced access to everyday activities, goods, and services that are not available in some areas, as well as reduced access to the means of suicide among high-risk populations, are also important strategies to consider.18,23,33 While potentially useful, these suicide reduction strategies nevertheless do not directly address the overarching and persistent issue of the austerity-related events themselves. As future austerity measures are considered, greater weight should be given to the unintended mental health consequences of these measures. Greater attention should also be paid to the public reporting of austerity measures and any subsequent suicide-related events that may follow (including the framing of analyses such as this one), while still maintaining open journalism and accurate reporting.39,40 It has been argued that the policies of austerity implemented in Greece have been …
Fairness and Stability of End-to-End Congestion Control

In recent years, the Internet has attracted the attention of many theoreticians, eager to understand the remarkable success of this diverse and complex artefact. A central element of the design philosophy that shaped the Internet is the end-to-end argument, and a key illustration of the argument is provided by the congestion avoidance algorithm of the transmission control protocol (TCP). Why does this algorithm work so well? How might, or should, it evolve in the future? In this paper, we outline some of the mathematical models that have been developed to help address these questions. We review the equilibrium and dynamic properties of primal and dual algorithms, concentrating upon fairness, delay instability and stochastic instability. Primal algorithms broadly correspond with congestion control mechanisms where noisy feedback from the network is averaged at endpoints, using increase and decrease rules generalizing those of TCP. Vinnicombe has shown that delay instability is characterized in terms of the increase rule; Ott has shown that stochastic instability is primarily influenced by the decrease rule. The need to control both forms of instability places constraints on possible variants of TCP, and on attempts to remove TCP's round-trip time bias. Dual algorithms broadly correspond with congestion control mechanisms where averaging at resources precedes the feedback of more explicit information to endpoints, and may be especially appropriate where round-trip times are short, as in ad hoc networks. Previous work has concentrated on delay-based dual algorithms, which find fairness and stability difficult to reconcile. We describe a family of fair dual algorithms, with attractive stability properties.
Constraints in Interactive Graphical Applications

Constraints provide a declarative means for specifying relationships that we wish to hold true. Interactive graphical applications give rise to varying kinds of constraints, and researchers have developed diverse constraint solving techniques. I survey the classes of constraints used by numerous drawing, graph layout, visualization and animation systems. I describe a taxonomy of the constraint solving methods used to satisfy these systems and compare solver expressiveness and performance. Though backtracking algorithms have not yet been used successfully in interactive graphical applications, I summarize work on various backtracking algorithms and suggest ways to begin to improve their performance so they might be used in the user interface domain.
Murine Eosinophil Granulocytes Bind the Murine Macrophage‐Monocyte Specific Monoclonal Antibody F4/80

Studies designed to identify a panel of monoclonal antibodies useful for the separation of murine eosinophil myeloid progenitors revealed that F4/80, an antigen heretofore thought to be expressed only by murine monocyte/macrophage lineage cells, was expressed by eosinophil granulocytes. Eosinophils from several strains of mice stained positively with specific antibody for the epitope. A novel pathway for myeloid differentiation is proposed in which neutrophil progenitors exit a common lineage prior to a common progenitor of monocytes and eosinophils. Moreover, the results demonstrate that binding of anti‐F4/80 can no longer be viewed as exclusive for mononuclear phagocytes.
Drive the Drive: From Discrete Motion Plans to Smooth Drivable Trajectories

Autonomous navigation in real-world industrial environments is a challenging task in many respects. One of the key open challenges is fast planning and execution of trajectories to reach arbitrary target positions and orientations with high accuracy and precision, while taking into account non-holonomic vehicle constraints. In recent years, lattice-based motion planners have been successfully used to generate kinematically and kinodynamically feasible motions for non-holonomic vehicles. However, the discretized nature of these algorithms induces discontinuities in both state and control space of the obtained trajectories, resulting in a mismatch between the achieved and the target end pose of the vehicle. As endpose accuracy is critical for the successful loading and unloading of cargo in typical industrial applications, automatically planned paths have not been widely adopted in commercial AGV systems. The main contribution of this paper is a path smoothing approach, which builds on the output of a lattice-based motion planner to generate smooth drivable trajectories for non-holonomic industrial vehicles. The proposed approach is evaluated in several industrially relevant scenarios and found to be both fast (less than 2 s per vehicle trajectory) and accurate (end-point pose errors below 0.01 m in translation and 0.005 radians in orientation).
Vegetation Classification monitored with Multispectral Aerial Images

In Precision Agriculture (PA), detecting and classifying the vegetation in herbaceous crops (e.g., vineyards and trees) is a crucial step prior to address further objectives, such as specifying either di erent fertilizers or distinguished hydration levels. An Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) was assembled and tested with the aim of developing a classi cation tool ( multispectral camera) for both types of vineyard and tree species. The system comprises a quad-rotor aerial platform capable of ying up to heights of 100 m above the ground level. The present research work develops di erent segmentation approaches which result in the identi cation of the Region of Interest (ROI) and afterwards their classi cation according to the prediction provided by two di erent machine learning classi ers: Support Vector Machines (SVM)s and Decision Trees (DT)s. Along with the general description of the procedure, remotely-sensed images captured with a sensor (a NoIR Raspberry Pi (RPi) camera with a ve optical lters wheel attached) connected to an RPi and mounted on the UAV, were applied for vegetation detection. Images were acquired while hovering above both elds of three vineyard species (with di erent grape varieties) and forests of ve tree species (eucalyptus, pine trees, olive trees, orange trees and magnolias). The tests show the performance of both classi ers, according to the ROI identi ed by a thresholding algorithm based on Normalized Di erence Vegetation Index (NDVI) measurements. The two classi ers receive input data provided by the computation of eight Vegetation Indices (VI)s. The algorithm has led to accuracy values of 72% and 73% (for the Pattern Recognition System (PRS) according to datasets #1 and #2, respectively, related to the SVMs) and 74% and 79% (for the PRS according to datasets #1 and #2, respectively, related to the DTs). The entire algorithm is totally automated and the classi cation output is provided from the RPi to a ground station in real-time, by a Wi-Fi socket connection.
Sustained Maintenance of Somatotopic Information in Brain Regions Recruited by Tactile Working Memory

To adaptively guide ongoing behavior, representations in working memory (WM) often have to be modified in line with changing task demands. We used event-related potentials (ERPs) to demonstrate that tactile WM representations are stored in modality-specific cortical regions, that the goal-directed modulation of these representations is mediated through hemispheric-specific activation of somatosensory areas, and that the rehearsal of somatotopic coordinates in memory is accomplished by modality-specific spatial attention mechanisms. Participants encoded two tactile sample stimuli presented simultaneously to the left and right hands, before visual retro-cues indicated which of these stimuli had to be retained to be matched with a subsequent test stimulus on the same hand. Retro-cues triggered a sustained tactile contralateral delay activity component with a scalp topography over somatosensory cortex contralateral to the cued hand. Early somatosensory ERP components to task-irrelevant probe stimuli (that were presented after the retro-cues) and to subsequent test stimuli were enhanced when these stimuli appeared at the currently memorized location relative to other locations on the cued hand, demonstrating that a precise focus of spatial attention was established during the selective maintenance of tactile events in WM. These effects were observed regardless of whether participants performed the matching task with uncrossed or crossed hands, indicating that WM representations in this task were based on somatotopic rather than allocentric spatial coordinates. In conclusion, spatial rehearsal in tactile WM operates within somatotopically organized sensory brain areas that have been recruited for information storage.
Combined therapy with metformin and insulin attenuates systemic and hepatic alterations in a model of high‐fat diet‐/streptozotocin‐induced diabetes

In this study we have explored the pathogenesis of the hepatic alterations which occur in diabetes and the modulation of these complications by the combination of metformin adjunct treatment and insulin monotherapy. For this purpose, diabetic rats were treated with insulin (DM + Ins) or metformin plus insulin (DM + Met + Ins). Biochemical and cardiometabolic parameters were analysed by spectrophotometry. Intravital microscopy was used to study the hepatic microcirculation. In the liver tissue, real‐time PCR was used to analyse oxidative stress enzymes, inflammatory markers and receptors for advanced glycation end products (AGE) (RAGE) gene expression. Lipid peroxidation was assessed by thiobarbituric acid reactive species (TBARs) analyses. AGE deposition and RAGE protein expression were studied by fluorescence spectrophotometry and Western blot respectively. Body weight, %HbA1c, urea, total proteins and oxidative stress parameters were found to be similarly improved by insulin or Met + Ins treatments. On the other hand, Met + Ins treatment showed a more pronounced effect on fasting blood glucose level than insulin monotherapy. Fructosamine, uric acid, creatinine, albumin and amylase levels and daily insulin dose requirements were found to be only improved by the combined Met + Ins treatment. Liver, renal and pancreatic dysfunction markers were found to be more positively affected by metformin adjunct therapy when compared to insulin treatment. Liver microcirculation damage was found to be completely protected by Met + Ins treatment, while insulin monotherapy showed no effect. Our results suggest that oxidative stress, microcirculatory damage and glycated proteins could be involved in the aetiology of liver disease due to diabetes. Additionally, metformin adjunct treatment improved systemic and liver injury in induced diabetes and showed a more pronounced effect than insulin monotherapy.
How Precise Is Dental Volumetric Tomography in the Prediction of Bone Density?

Objectives. The aim of this study was to review the bone density assessment techniques and evaluate the macroscopic structure of bone specimens scored by Hounsfield Units (HUs) and decide if they are always in congruence. Methods. The mandible of a formalin-fixed human cadaver was scanned by dental volumetric tomography (DVT) for planning of the specimen positions and fabrication of a surgical guide and a surgical stent was fabricated afterwards. Bone cylinders of 3.5 mm diameter and 5 mm length, were excised from the mandible using the surgical stent with a slow speed trephine drill. After removal of the cylinders two more scans were performed and the images of the first scan were used for the determination of the HU values. The removed bone cylinder was inspected macroscopically as well by micro-CT scan. Results. The highest HU values were recorded in the interforaminal region, especially in the midline (408–742). Posterior regions showed lower HU values, especially the first molar regions (22–61 for the right; 14–66 for the left first molar regions). Conclusion. Within the limitations of this pilot study, it can be concluded that HU values alone could be a misleading diagnostic tool for the determination of bone density.
Genome Sequence of Type Strain Lysinibacillus macroides DSM 54T

ABSTRACT Lysinibacillus macroides DSM 54T is a Gram-positive, spore-forming bacterium. Here, we report the 4,866,035-bp genome sequence of Lysinibacillus macroides DSM 54T, which will accelerate the application of degrading xylan and provide useful information for genomic taxonomy and phylogenomics of Bacillus-like bacteria.
Risk as Feeling 1 Risk as Feelings

Virtually all current theories of choice under risk or uncertainty are cognitive and consequentialist. They assume that people act as if they assess the desirability and likelihood of possible outcomes of choice alternatives and integrate this information through some type of expectation-based calculus to arrive at a decision. We propose an alternative theoretical perspective, which we dub the riskas-feelings hypothesis, that highlights the role of affect experienced at the moment of decision making. Drawing on research from clinical, physiological, and other sub-fields, of psychology we show that emotional reactions to risky situations often diverge from cognitive assessments of those risks. When such divergence occurs, it is the emotional reactions that often drive behavior. The risk-as-feelings hypothesis is shown to explain a wide range of phenomena that have resisted interpretation in cognitive-consequentialist terms.
Normobaric Hyperoxia Reduces the Neurovascular Complications Associated With Delayed Tissue Plasminogen Activator Treatment in a Rat Model of Focal Cerebral Ischemia

Background and Purpose— A major limitation of tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) thrombolysis for ischemic stroke is the narrow time window for safe and effective therapy. Delayed tPA thrombolysis increases the risk of cerebral hemorrhage and mortality, which, in part, is related to neurovascular proteolysis mediated by matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). We recently showed that normobaric hyperoxia treatment reduces MMP-9 expression and blood–brain barrier disruption in the ischemic brain. Therefore, we hypothesized that normobaric hyperoxia could increase the safety of delayed tPA thrombolysis in stroke. Methods— Male Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to normobaric hyperoxia (95% O2) or normoxia (21% O2) during 5-hour filament occlusion of the middle cerebral artery followed by 19-hour reperfusion. Thirty minutes before reperfusion, saline or tPA was continuously infused to rats over 1 hour. Outcome parameters were neurological score, mortality rate, brain edema, hemorrhage volume, and MMP-9. Hemorrhage was quantified with a hemoglobin spectrophotometry method. Edema was evaluated as hemispheric enlargement. MMP-9 was measured by gelatin zymography. Results— In normoxic rats, delayed tPA treatment at 4.5 hours after stroke onset resulted in high mortality, more severe neurological deficits, increased hemorrhage volumes, and augmented MMP-9 induction compared with saline. Rats treated with combined normobaric hyperoxia and tPA showed significantly reduced tPA-associated mortality, brain edema, hemorrhage, and MMP-9 augmentation as compared with tPA alone. Conclusions— Our results suggest that early normobaric hyperoxia treatment may represent an important strategy to increase the safety of delayed tPA thrombolysis in ischemic stroke.