Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Use of daVinci Robot ® in U.S. and Worldwide

robotic programs and the type of surgeries utilizing robotic assistance has grown exponentially. Unique patterns are emerging from private hospitals vs academic centers and from the United States vs European Centers. Materials and Methods: Data provided by Intuitive Surgical, the American Board of Urology, and the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education and presented at recent national conferences on robotic surgery has been assimilated and analyzed for practice patterns and standards. Results: The rapid expansion of robot assisted surgical interventions is a result of a unified effort to promote the concept by health care providers, patient groups and innovative advertising methods by Intuitive ® Surgical. Improved visualization of vital structures, easier and more precise tissue manipulation and improvement in several short-term parameters are the major points of promotion. The initial impetus to start a robotic program in Europe came from efforts to innovate the particular surgical approaches. In the United States, market forces of actual as well as perceived consequences of having or not having robotic programs play an important part in institutional decisions to invest in the daVinci Robot ® system. In Asia, it has been motivated by the desire to “keep up” with the leaders. Conclusions: Robotic surgery is here to stay. The current technology as we know it is but the tip of the iceberg for what the potential applications will be in the future. J Urol Urogynäkol 2006; 13 (4): 24–28.
Pharmacokinetic-rate images of indocyanine green for breast tumors using near-infrared optical methods

In this paper, we develop a method of forming pharmacokinetic-rate images of indocyanine green (ICG) and apply our method to in vivo data obtained from three patients with breast tumors. To form pharmacokinetic-rate images, we first obtain a sequence of ICG concentration images using the differential diffuse optical tomography technique. We next employ a two-compartment model composed of plasma, and extracellular–extravascular space (EES), and estimate the pharmacokinetic rates and concentrations in each compartment using the extended Kalman filtering framework. The pharmacokinetic-rate images of the three patient show that the rates from the tumor region and outside the tumor region are statistically different. Additionally, the ICG concentrations in plasma, and the EES compartments are higher around the tumor region agreeing with the hypothesis that around the tumor region ICG may act as a diffusible extravascular flow in compromised capillary of cancer vessels. Our study indicates that the pharmacokinetic-rate images may provide superior information than single set of pharmacokinetic rates estimated from the entire breast tissue for breast cancer diagnosis.
A probabilistic approach to the problem of large antenna arrays

Antenna arrays of very high resolution can be designed without using a large nu mber of clements if t h ey are spaced properly. However, there exi sts no general theory whi ch would y ield a solution to t his problem because of its analytical difficulty. In this paper a probabilistic a pproach is mad e despi te t he problem itself bei ng not probabilistic originally. This approach is tantamount to the stud y of all ou tcomes for man y possible element posit ions (under a certa in rule) by in volong t he well-known powerful law of large numbers in probability. From t his in vestigation it is found t hat the sidelobe level is closely related to the number of clement~ , and to a mu ch lesser degree to the aperture dim ension. As a result extremely hi gh resolution could be achi eved with very fe w "Iements. On the other hand, for a given number of elements hi gher aml higher resolu tion could be obtained by spreading these elemcnts over a larger and larger apert.ure whereas the sidelobe level wou ld r cmain substanti ally th e same an d t he directive gain constant. Four sample arrays with 100 to 1000 elcments llaye been designed by the Mon te Carlo meth od. Stat istical proper t ies of the computed pat tern s agrce almost cxact.ly with those predicted from the t h eory. Their sidelobe levels also agrce with the thcoretical valu es r cmar kably closely. For practica l intcres t it is shown that an array can be actuall y design cd to produce a bcamwidth of about 1 minu te of arc by using only 100 isotropic elements ovcr an apertnre of 4X 103 wavelengths, the sidelobe level being 8.4 dB and the directi ve gain 20 dB over that of a single elcment, For thc sample array of 1000 elements, the beamwirl t h is 0.5 minutes of arc wi th sidelobe level of -18 dB. It is also possiblc to r educe t his beamwidt h appreciably.
Destination innovation and superstar spillover effects on tourism: the entrepreneurial Cr7 Museum and Ballon d'Or 2013 winner Cristiano Ronaldo.

espanolThis qualitative research effort involved 16 interviews and contributes to the research on innovation in tourism. The author concludes that Portuguese footballer Cristiano Ronaldo, winner of the Ballon d’Or 2013, is an innovative top-of-the-range product responsible for a significant positive impact on the image and reputation of his country (Portugal) and birthplace (Madeira Island) and also on the tourism in these locations. The new concept of SuperTourINNOV (Superstar Tourism Innovation) is presented as a force for development and job creation, as the innovative Cristiano Ronaldo (CR7) Museum takes significant steps to becoming an important tourist attraction on Madeira Island. The interviewees, including frontline travel agency operators, visitors to the CR7 Museum, and CR7 Museum employees, emphasize the importance of destination innovation – depending, partly, in this case, on Ronaldo’s victories and on SuperTourINNOV – which can prove, however, to be as uncertain as continued innovation at companies such as Nokia and BlackBerry – which used to be market leaders portuguesEsta pesquisa, de cariz qualitativa, envolveu 16 entrevistas e contribui para a investigacao sobre inovacao no turismo, concluindo que o jogador de futebol Portugues Cristiano Ronaldo, o vencedor da Bola de Ouro 2013, e um produto inovador topo de gama responsavel por um impacto positivo significativo na imagem e reputacao do seu pais (Portugal) e local de nascimento (a ilha da Madeira) e na atividade turistica destes destinos. O novo conceito SuperTourINNOV (Superstar Tourism Innovation) apresentado e uma forca de desenvolvimento e de criacao de emprego, ao registar-se que o inovador Museu CR7, de Cristiano Ronaldo, esta a dar passos significativos para ser uma importante atracao de turistas na ilha da Madeira. Os entrevistados, entre os quais se incluem operadores de primeira linha de agencias de viagens, turistas no Museu CR7 e funcionarios-chave do Museu CR7, realcam a importância da inovacao no destino – dependente, em parte e neste caso, das vitorias de Cristiano Ronaldo e do conceito SuperTourINNOV – que se podera revelar, no entanto, tao incerto quanto a inovacao continuada em empresas como a Nokia e a BlackBerry – outrora lideres nas suas areas
ARE GENERATED UNDER THE ARO SPONSORSHIP , FORWARD A COMPLETED COPY OF THIS FORM WITH EACH REPORT SHIPMENT TO THE ARO

In this correspondence, we show that the uniform throughput capacity of an ultra-wideband (UWB) power-constrained ad hoc network is given by (P ( n= logn) ), where P is the per-node power constraint, is the fading exponent of radio signal and n is the number of nodes randomly distributed inside a disk of unit area. This is a stronger result than the upper bound O(P ( p n logn) ) and the lower bound O(P n =(logn) ) previously shown by Negi and Rajeswaran. Our proof is simple given the prior work by Gupta and Kumar.
ON THE NORTH ATLANTIC ALBACORE STOCK AND ON ITS POTENTIAL SUB POPULATIONS

SUMMARY This paper discusses the potential biological heterogeneity of the North Atlantic albacore stock. Based on the historical work by Aloncle and Delaporte in 1974, the paper keeps the hypothesis that at least 3 sub populations, well stratified & following an east west gradient of longitude, could have been exploited by the albacore surface fisheries. This heterogeneity of the stock has not been taken into account in the present stock assessment by SCRS, but it could play a major role in the fishery trend, as the present shrinking of the historical fishing zones could have produced a decline of the present stock MSY. Scientific investigations are actively recommended to solve this major uncertainty in the stock structure of the Northern Atlantic albacore stock and to better evaluate its potential impact on the stock assessment results. RESUME
Late Saalian climate changes in Europe in the light of pollen analysis and the problem of two‐step deglaciation at the oxygen isotope stage 6/5e transition

Taking a palynological study from Dziewule in eastern Poland as an example, we discuss the problem of distinguishing the so‐called ‘Zeifen‐Kattegat oscillation’ in some European pollen profiles. In the light of pollen analysis, this is questionable, and therefore requires careful consideration. In Poland, the palynological succession from this period indicates a gradual evolution from open plant communities to a closed forest in which no record of a ‘Younger Dryas’ type cool event exists.
Contributions to facial feature extraction for face recognition

Centered around feature extraction, the core task of any Face recognition system, our objective is devising a robust facial representation against major challenges, such as variations of illumination, pose and time-lapse and low resolution probe images, to name a few. Besides, fast processing speed is another crucial criterion. Towards these ends, several methods have been proposed through out this thesis. Firstly, based on the orientation characteristics of the facial information and important features, like the eyes and mouth, a novel variant of LBP, referred as ELBP, is designed for encoding micro patterns with the usage of an horizontal ellipse sample. Secondly, ELBP is exploited to extract local features from oriented edge magnitudes images. By this, the Elliptical Patterns of Oriented Edge Magnitudes (EPOEM) description is built. Thirdly, we propose a novel feature extraction method so called Patch based Local Phase Quantization of Monogenic components (PLPQMC). Lastly, a robust facial representation namely Local Patterns of Gradients (LPOG) is developed to capture meaningful features directly from gradient images. Chiefs among these methods are PLPQMC and LPOG as they are per se illumination invariant and blur tolerant. Impressively, our methods, while offering comparable or almost higher results than that of existing systems, have low computational cost and are thus feasible to deploy in real life applications.
Career Calling, Courage, Flourishing and Satisfaction with Life in Italian University Students

Career calling is defined as a positive resource promoting vocational development and well-being. The present study focuses on the relationships between career calling, courage and two indicators of well-being, i.e., flourishing and satisfaction with life. The sample consisted of 306 Italian university students (118 males and 188 females) ranging from 18 to 30 years of age. A structural equation modeling (SEM) approach with latent variables was adopted. The results showed that courage plays a mediating role between career calling and well-being indicators. In light of these results, suggestions on the practical implications for career interventions to support university students are also addressed.
Experimental analysis of spatial correlation effects on capillary trapping of supercritical CO2 at the intermediate laboratory scale in heterogeneous porous media

Several numerical studies have demonstrated that the heterogeneous nature of typical sedimentary formations can favorably dampen the accumulation of mobile CO2 phase underneath the caprock. Core flooding experiments have also shown that contrasts in capillary entry pressure can lead to buildup of nonwetting fluid phase (NWP) at interfaces between facies. Explicit representation of geological heterogeneity at the intermediate (cm‐to‐m) scale is a powerful approach to identify the key mechanisms that control multiphase flow dynamics in porous media. The ability to carefully control flow regime and permeability contrast at a scale that is relevant to CO2 plume dynamics in saline formations offers valuable information to understand immiscible displacement processes and provides a benchmark for mathematical models. To provide insight into the impact of capillary heterogeneity on flow dynamics and trapping efficiency of supercritical CO2 under successive drainage and imbibition conditions, we present an experimental investigation conducted in a synthetic sand reservoir. By mimicking the interplay of governing forces at reservoir conditions via application of surrogate fluids, we performed three immiscible displacement experiments to observe the entrapment of NWP in heterogeneous porous media. Capillary trapping performance is evaluated for each scenario through spatial and temporal variations of NWP saturation; for this reason we adopted X‐ray attenuation to precisely measure phase saturation throughout the flow domain and apply spatial moment analysis. The sweeping performance of two different permeability fields with comparable variance but distinct spatial correlation was compared against a homogeneous base case with equivalent mean permeability by means of spatial moment analysis.
REE and εNd of clay fractions in sediments from the eastern Pacific Ocean: Evidence for clay sources

Clay fractions in the non-calcareous surface sediments from the eastern Pacific were analyzed for clay minerals, REE and 143Nd/144Nd. Montmorillonite/illite ratio (M/I ratio), total REE contents (ΣREE), LREE/HREE ratio and cerium anomaly (δCe) may effectively indicate the genesis of clay minerals. Clay fractions with M/I ratio <1, δCe >0.85, ΣREE <400 μg/g, LREE/HREE ratio ≈4, and REE patterns similar to those of pelagic sediments are terrigenous and autogenetic mixed clay fractions and contain more autogenetic montmorillonite. Clay fractions with M/I ratio >1, δCe=0.86 to 1.5, ΣREE=200 to 350 μg/g, LREE/HREE ratio ≈6 and REE distribution patterns similar to that of China loess are identified as terrigenous clay fraction. The 143Nd/144Nd ratios or ɛNd values of clay fractions inherit the features of terrigenous sources of clay minerals. Clay fractions are divided into 4 types according to ɛNd values. Terrigenous clay minerals of type I with the ɛNd values of ™8 to ™6 originate mainly from North American fluvial deposits. Those of type II with the ε Nd values of ™9 to ™7 are mainly from the East Asia and North American fluvial deposits. Those of type III with ε Nd values of ™6 to ™3 could come from the central and eastern Pacific volcanic islands. Those of type IV with ε Nd values of ™13 to ™12 may be from East Asia eolian. The terrigenous and autogenetic mixed clay fractions show patchy distributions, indicating that there are volcanic or hot-spot activities in the eastern Pacific plate, while the terrigenous clay fractions cover a large part of the study area, proving that the terrigenous clay minerals are dominant in the eastern Pacific.
A Survey of Galaxy Kinematics to z ~ 1 in the TKRS/GOODS-N Field. I. Rotation and Dispersion Properties

We present kinematic measurements of a large sample of galaxies from the Team Keck Redshift Survey in the GOODS-N field. We measure line-of-sight velocity dispersions from integrated emission for 1089 galaxies with median redshift 0.637 and spatially resolved kinematics for a subsample of 380 galaxies. This is the largest sample of galaxies to z ~ 1 with kinematics to date and allows us to measure kinematic properties without morphological preselection. Emission-line widths provide a dynamical measurement for the bulk of blue galaxies. To fit the spatially resolved kinematics, we construct models that fit both line-of-sight rotation amplitude and velocity dispersion. Integrated line width correlates well with a combination of the velocity gradient and dispersion and is a robust measure of galaxy kinematics. The spatial extents of emission and continuum are similar, and there is no evidence that line widths are affected by nuclear or clumpy emission. The measured rotation gradient depends strongly on slit position angle alignment with galaxy major axis, but integrated line width does not. Even for galaxies with well-aligned slits, some have kinematics dominated by dispersion (V/σ < 1) rather than rotation. These are probably objects with disordered velocity fields, not dynamically hot stellar systems. About 35% of the spatially resolved sample are dispersion dominated; galaxies that are both dispersion dominated and bright exist at high redshift but appear rare at low redshift. This kinematic morphology may probe galaxies' evolutionary state. It is linked to photometric morphology in HST ACS images: dispersion-dominated galaxies include a higher fraction of irregulars and chain galaxies, while rotation-dominated galaxies are mostly disks and irregulars. Only one-third of chain/hyphen galaxies are dominated by rotation; high-redshift elongated objects cannot be assumed to be inclined disks.
PALEOCLIMATIC ESTIMATES FROM TERTIARY LEAF ASSEMBLAGES

A primary obstacle to evaluating numerical modeling of Tertiary nonmarine climates has been the significance and reliability of proxy data (Sloan & Barron 1990). Lacking direct measurements of paleoclimatic parameters, inferred paleoclimatic values are based on substitute (proxy) sources such as fossils or isotopes. Are proxy data significant? That is, have they been calibrated in modern environments, and to what level is the calibration? This is the problem of accuracy (validity in the statistical sense). Second, are the proxy data reliable? : Can two workers (or even the same worker) consistently arrive at the same estimates using the same data set? This is the problem of precision (repeatability). Can these two problems be resolved? Quaternary palynologists have used the concept of "transfer functions," a methodology originally developed for foraminifera (Imbrie & Kipp 1971). applied in palynology, a response surface for each palynomorph taxon is constructed for the environmental variables under consideration; these transformations can then be subjected to a number of different kinds of multivariate analyses, including ordination methodologies (Bartlein et al 1986, Webb & Bryson 1972). These transfer functions can work for Quaternary (and especially the lateand post-glacial of the last 20 to 30 thousand years) pollen assemblages, because in most regions where the methodology has been applied, the flora is of known diversity and the equivalency of a given palynomorph species to one or a few extant species can be reasonably assumed. Even in the late Neogene (,-,1.5 to 10 million years ago), however, this assumption can no longer be made; we know that the palynomorph assemblages contain exotic genera (McCartan et al 1990), and the presence of exotic (and/or extinct) species
Water Storage Changes over the Tibetan Plateau Revealed by GRACE Mission

We use GRACE gravity data released by the Center for Space Research (CSR) and the Groupe de Recherches en Geodesie Spatiale (GRGS) to detect the water storage changes over the Tibetan Plateau (TP). A combined filter strategy is put forward to process CSR RL05 data to remove the effect of striping errors. After the correction for GRACE by GLDAS and ICE-5G, we find that TP has been overall experiencing the water storage increase during 2003–2012. During the same time, the glacier over the Himalayas was sharply retreating. Interms of linear trends, CSR’s results derived by the combined filter are close to GRGS RL03 with the Gaussian filter of 300-km window. The water storage increasing rates determined from CSR’s RL05 products in the interior TP, Karakoram Mountain, Qaidam Basin, Hengduan Mountain, and middle Himalayas are 9.7, 6.2, 9.1,–18.6, and–20.2 mm/yr, respectively. These rates from GRGS’s RL03 products are 8.6, 5.8, 10.5,–19.3 and–21.4 mm/yr, respectively.
Digital Comprehensive Summaries of Uppsala Dissertations from the Faculty of Science and Technology 1382 Development and three-dimensional histology of vertebrate dermal fin spines

Jerve, A. 2016. Development and three-dimensional histology of vertebrate dermal fin spines. Digital Comprehensive Summaries of Uppsala Dissertations from the Faculty of Science and Technology 1382. 53 pp. Uppsala: Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis. ISBN 978-91-554-9596-1. Jawed vertebrates (gnathostomes) consist of two clades with living representatives, the chondricthyans (cartilaginous fish including sharks, rays, and chimaeras) and the osteichthyans (bony fish and tetrapods), and two fossil groups, the "placoderms" and "acanthodians". These extinct forms were thought to be monophyletic, but are now considered to be paraphyletic partly due to the discovery of early chondrichthyans and osteichthyans with characters that had been previously used to define them. Among these are fin spines, large dermal structures that, when present, sit anterior to both median and/or paired fins in many extant and fossil jawed vertebrates. Making comparisons among early gnathostomes is difficult since the early chondrichthyans and "acanthodians", which have less mineralized skeleton, do not have large dermal bones on their skulls. As a result, fossil fin spines are potential sources for phylogenetic characters that could help in the study of the gnathostome evolutionary history. This thesis examines the development and internal structure of fin spines in jawed vertebrates using two-dimensional (2D) thin sections and three-dimensional (3D) synchrotron datasets. The development of the dorsal fin spine of the holocephalan, Callorhinchus milii, was described from embryos and compared to that of the neoselachian, Squalus acanthias, whose spine has been the model for studying fossil shark spines. It was found that the development of the C. milii fin presents differences from S. acanthias that suggest it might be a better candidate for studying "acanthodian" fin spines. The 3D histology of fossil fin spines was studied in Romundina stellina, a "placoderm"; Lophosteus superbus, a probable stem-osteichthyan; and several "acanthodians". The 3D vascularization reconstructed from synchrotron radiation microtomographic data reveal that "acanthodian" and Lophosteus spines grew similarly to what is observed in chondrichthyans, which differs slightly from the growth of the Romundina spine. Chondrichthyans and "acanthodians" also share similarities in their internal organization. Overall, Lophosteus and Romundina spines are more similar in terms of morphology and histology compared to chondrichthyans and "acanthodians". These results support the current hypothesis of gnathostome phylogeny, which places "acanthodians" on the chondrichthyan stem. They also emphasize the need for further study of vertebrate fin spines using 3D approaches.
The evolution of hydrous magmas in the Tongariro Volcanic Centre: the 10 ka Pahoka-Mangamate eruptions

The majority of arc-type andesites in the Tongariro Volcanic Centre are highly porphyritic, hornblende-free, two-pyroxene andesites. An exception is tephras from the c. 10,000 ka Pahoka-Mangamate event. Magmas of these Plinian eruptions bypassed the extensive crustal mush columns under the central volcanoes and sequentially derived a series of almost aphyric rocks spanning a compositional range from dacite to basaltic andesite. Mineral composition, trace element and isotopic data suggest that this eruptive series tapped a mid-crustal magma reservoir, resulting in the initial eruption of an hydrous dacitic magma and several following eruptions characterised by less-evolved and less-hydrous compositions at progressively higher temperatures and substantially lower 87Sr/86Sr ratios. Systematic changes in magma chemistry are also reflected in a sequential change in phenocryst content starting with an early hornblende–plagioclase-dominated assemblage to a late olivine–plagioclase-dominated assemblage.