Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Evaluating Social Impact

This paper aims to evaluate the social impact of the BTTM Tazkia project in Lombok using Social Return on Investment (SROI) analysis as the main method. A qualitative approach was used to explore the impacts associated with these projects, while in-depth interviews were used as the main instrument for data collection. The results of the SROI analysis produce a ratio of 1:3.98, reflecting that each investment unit of IDR 1 produces a social impact and value of IDR 3.98. These findings illustrate the significant positive impact of this program in creating social value that covers various aspects, including financial, social and spiritual aspects. These findings indicate that the SROI approach and qualitative approach used provide a deep understanding of the impact of BTTM Tazkia's holistic development projects in Lombok. These results have strong implications for designing, managing, and measuring the impact of similar programs in the future, as well as fostering a broader understanding of the social value created by organizations in sustainable development efforts.
Identification and micro‐stratigraphy of hyperpycnites and turbidites in Cretaceous Lewis Shale, Wyoming

Sandy hyperpycnal flows and their deposits, hyperpycnites, have been documented in modern environments and, more recently, in Cretaceous and Tertiary strata; they may be more common in the rock record, and within petroleum reservoirs, than has been previously thought. Muddy hyperpycnites also occur within the rock record, but these are more difficult to document because of their finer‐grained nature and lack of common sedimentary structures. This paper documents the presence of submarine slope mudstone and siltstone hyperpycnites (and muddy turbidites) in the delta‐fed, Upper Cretaceous Lewis Shale of Wyoming; based on field measurements, analyses of rock slabs and thin sections, and laser grain‐size distributions. Four lithofacies comprise laminated and thin‐bedded mudstones that are associated with levéed channel sandstones: (L1) grey, laminated, graded mudstone with thin siltstone and sandstone interbeds; (L2) dark grey to tan, laminated mudstone with very thin siltstone and sandstone stringers; (L3) light grey, laminated siltstones; and (L4) laminated mudstones and siltstones with thin sandstone interbeds. Two styles of mudstone grain‐size grading have been documented. The first type is an upward‐fining interval that typically ranges in thickness from 2·5 to 5 cm. The second type is a couplet of a lower, upward‐coarsening interval and an upper, upward‐fining interval (sometimes separated by a micro‐erosion surface) which, combined, are about 3·8 cm thick. Both individual laminae and groups of laminae spaced millimetres apart exhibit these two grain‐size trends. Although sedimentary structures indicative of traction‐plus‐fallout sedimentary processes associated with sandier hyperpycnites are generally absent in these muddy sediments, the size grading patterns are similar to those postulated in the literature for sandy hyperpycnites. Thus, the combined upward‐coarsening, then upward‐fining couplets are interpreted to be the result of a progressive increase in river discharge during waxing and peak flood stage (upward increase in grain‐size), followed by waning flow after the flood begins to abate (upward decrease in grain‐size). The micro‐erosion surface that sometimes divides the two parts of the size‐graded couplet resulted from waxing flows of sufficiently high velocity to erode the sediment previously deposited by the same flow. Individual laminae sets which only exhibit upward‐fining trends could be either the result of waning flow deposition from either dilute turbidity currents or from hyperpycnal flows. The occurrence of these sets with the size‐graded couplets suggests that they are associated with hyperpycnal processes.
Mango Seed Causing Acute Intestinal Obstruction in Dogs: A Case Series

A bowel obstruction is a common canine problem. This study records acute small intestinal obstruction caused by the ingestion of mango seeds in three dogs. Three adult dogs were admitted to the surgery clinic with a one-day history of colicky abdominal pain, sudden episodes of vomiting, lack of appetite, no defecation, and lethargy. A swollen abdomen and widespread pain, increased bowel sounds, abdominal pain and no fever were discovered during the physical examination. Complete blood count, electrolytes and creatinine were normal. Abdominal radiography revealed many dilated small intestinal loops filled with gases and an intraluminal radio-opaque foreign body. Based upon the clinical and radiological examinations, the dogs underwent exploratory laparotomies. During laparotomy, the duodenum in all dogs was collapsed up to the jejunum, where a firm intraluminal mass was sensed. The proximal small bowel was distended. There were no obvious bowel perforations, ischemia or necrosis. The attempt to break the mass using digital compression was futile. As a result, an enterotomy was performed. Mango seeds were extracted from all dogs. The dogs recovered without compliations and were released three days following the operation. In conclusion, fresh mango seed can become lodged and create a possibly fatal intestinal obstruction in dogs. Early detection and treatment of these dogs can prevent fatal complications. This problem in dogs can be avoided by properly disposing of fallen and rotting mangoes and mango seeds in a rubbish bin rather than throwing them out in the open.
Lateral heterogeneity in the upper oceanic crust at Deep Sea Drilling Project Site 504

The lateral variability of the upper oceanic crust can be studied by mapping the amplitude (or power) content of arrivals from a dense array of identical sources to a single receiver. In this paper we present the results from a borehole seismic experiment at Deep Sea Drilling Project site 504 in the eastern equatorial Pacific. Seismic amplitude anomalies of 20 dB and more are present with a horizontal correlation length of 1–3 km. Finite difference synthetic seismogram techniques are used to predict seismic wave propagation through realistic bathymetry, basement relief, and lateral variations within basement. A three-dimensional model of the velocity structure around the borehole can be constructed. The resultant model has horizontal gradients greater than 2.0 s−1 in the upper crust. These gradients are comparable to the vertical gradients normally associated with oceanic crust. Assuming that velocity anomalies in the upper crust reflect changes in porosity, the resultant structure provides constraints on the hydrothermal circulation at the site. In addition, the finite difference modeling indicates that polarity reversals can be generated by lateral velocity variations near the source and receiver.
Evaluation of Glass Ceramic Bond Strength to Different Foundation materials

Purpose: To determine the impact of core materials type on Lithium disilicate glass-ceramic shear bond strength when both are bonded using conventional resin cement. Materials and Methods: Thirty-Two cylinders of IPS e-max Press were created, and core specimens including dentin, composite resin, zirconia, and RMGI were made following the recommendations of the manufacturer. The ceramic cylinders were bonded to core groups using (Multilink N) conventional resin cement, and all samples underwent artificial aging via water bath for 150 days and thermocycled for 5000 cycles. A universal machine was used to find the specimens’ SBS, and a stereomicroscope was used for failure inspection. In addition, the SEM was utilized for further evaluation. Results: According to the data, there was a noticeable statistical difference in the mean SBS values (P<0.05), and the performance of foundation materials. The composite resin groups came out on top with the highest mean SBS, while the dentin and zirconia groups had the lowest mean SBS. Conclusion: When selecting a core material, it is important to remember that the type of material used can significantly impact SBS. While various options are available, composite resin is often preferred due to its superior properties and performance.
The origin of the Naturaliste Plateau, SE Indian Ocean: Implications from dredged basalts

Abstract Although a 1972 dredging by USNS Eltanin from the submarine Naturaliste Plateau was reported to yield rocks of continental origin, a re‐examination of the dredge haul shows that the rock clasts are in fact altered tholeiitic basalts. They have affinities both with MOR basalts and, especially, within‐plate basalts. Petrographically they correlate most closely with the Bunbury Tholeiitic Suite on the Australian mainland to the east. The basalts are reworked cobbles in a manganiferous Quaternary slump mass, which contains a quartz‐rich, felsic, detrital mineral suite with a granite‐gneiss provenance. The basalt cobbles were part of a basal conglomerate, which covered large areas of the Plateau. It is suggested that this was laid down from nearby elevated volcanic structures formed during the inception of seafloor spreading and the separation of Greater India from Australia at about 122 Ma BP.
Causes of the “brain drain” Problem in Selected Western Balkan Countries

This paper deals with the identification of the factors that influence the emigration of young and highly educated people from Western Balkan countries. Indicators of the quality of economic, political, and educational systems in Western Balkan countries and target countries were used for this purpose. A comparison of Western Balkan countries with EU countries was provided via a cluster analysis. Cross-sectional and panel data regression point to important indicators affecting emigration. An important finding was that for highly educated people not only economic indicators but also political environment and educational system quality are significant factors, which influence emigration.
A Two-Stage MIQP-Based Optimization Approach for Coordinating Automated Electric Vehicles in Confined Sites

In this paper, we present a high-level optimization-based control strategy for the coordination of electric automated vehicles (AVs) in confined sites. A centralized controller optimizes the state and input trajectories of all vehicles in the site such that collisions are avoided in cross-intersections, narrow roads, merge crossings, and charging stations, while also considering the charging process. Specifically, the controller consists of two optimization-based components. The first component is tasked with solving the combinatorial part of the problem, which corresponds to the order in which the vehicles pass the crossings, by solving a Mixed Integer Quadratic Problem (MIQP). The found combinatorial solution is then utilized for calculating the optimal state and input trajectories that are obtained by solving a Nonlinear Program (NLP). The control algorithm is compared with respect to alternative optimization-based approaches in simulation scenarios. For the presented scenario, our method achieves improved energy efficiency by up to 7.6% while slightly improving the average mission end time, and furthermore, it is capable of avoiding deadlocks.
Relation between Organizational Support and Deviances at Workplace from Nurses' Prespective

Background: Organizational support can create a positive and productive work environment help nurses to manage workplace related stressors and exhaustion. Deviances in workplace considered one of the main issues that effect on the care provided by nurses. Aim: This study aimed to determine the relation between organizational support and deviances at workplace from nurses' prespective. Subject and Method; Design: A descriptive-correlational design was used. Setting: The study was conducted at Tanta University Main Hospital. The following inpatient departments were included in the data collection: Pediatric, Medical, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Endemic, and Pediatric Surgery. Along with Neuro-Psychiatric, Cardiac, Medical, and Pediatric Intensive Care Units. Subject: A representative sample consisted of (460) nurses were selected by simple random sample. Tools: Two tools were used to collect the data. Tool I: Nurses' Perceived Organizational Support Structured Questionnaire. Tool II: Deviant Behaviors in Workplace Structured Questionnaire. Results: It shows that nearly all 99.1% of nurses had unsatisfactory level regarding organizational support. Also, nearly all 98.3% of them had minor level of prespective regarding deviant behavior. Conclusion: There was a positive statistical significant correlation between nurses' perceived organizational support and their prespective of deviant behaviors at workplace. Recommendations: Hospital administrators adopt educational strategies to increase nurses awareness of the problems associated with deviant behaviors and its consequences. Continually asses the level of perceived organizational support and prevalence of deviant behaviors at work.
A national registry-based study on uptake of the first dose of MMR vaccine in 380 administrative regions in Poland, 2013-2016-2020.

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE Regular monitoring of the measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine uptake quickly exposes immunity gaps in the population. In Poland, the first dose of the MMR vaccine is mandatory for children between 13 and 15 months of life. This study aimed to assess the uptake of the first dose of MMR vaccine in 380 administrative counties in Poland in 2020, as well as to analyze the MMR vaccine uptake trends in 2013-2016-2020. MATERIAL AND METHODS This study is an epidemiological retrospective national registry-based analysis. Data on mandatory childhood vaccinations in all 380 counties in Poland were collected from the epidemiological reports of the State Sanitary Inspectorate territorial representatives. MMR vaccine uptake was calculated as the percentage of children who received the first dose of MRR vaccine to all children subject to mandatory vaccination in the county. RESULTS The uptake of the first dose of MMR vaccine decreased from 99.4% in 2013, to 95.5% in 2016 and 91.9% in 2020. In 2013, 93.2% of countys MMR vaccine uptake level reached the herd immunity level, followed by 77.1% of counties in 2016 and only 38.3% of countys in 2020. In 2020, two counties reached complete (100%) MMR vaccine uptake, and the lowest MMR vaccine uptake was 63.88%. Of the 380 counties in Poland, in 226 (61.1%) the MMR vaccine uptake level was lower than the herd immunity level, and a downward trend was observed. MMR vaccine uptake decreased with an increased number of residents in a county (r= -0.35; p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS This study revealed that in 61% of administrative regions in Poland, the MMR vaccine uptake was below the herd immunity level. Regional differences in the MMR vaccine uptake were observed. A significant decrease in MMR vaccine uptake between 2013 - 2020 poses a risk of measles outbreaks.
Transient Response of the Hadley Centre Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere Model to Increasing Carbon Dioxide. Part II: Spatial and Temporal Structure of Response

Abstract A high-resolution (2.75° lat × ° 3.75° long) coupled ocean-atmosphere model has been used to simulate the transient response of climate to a gradual increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations. Although the radiative forcing increases linearly, there is a delay of about 30 yr before the ocean warms appreciably. This “cold start” is, at least partly, an artifact of the experimental design. At the time of doubling (after 70 yr), the patterns of change are similar to those found in comparable studies of the equilibrium response, except in the high latitudes of the Southern Ocean and the North Atlantic, where the warming is considerably reduced. The mechanisms leading to this reduction are discussed. After two to three decades, the pattern of warming is well established. The warming over land is substantially larger than that over the sea, with a consequent lowering of surface pressure over the northern continents in summer. The patterns of changes in precipitation and soil moisture take lo.
Time‐variable gravity signal in Greenland revealed by high‐low satellite‐to‐satellite tracking

In the event of a termination of the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) mission before the launch of GRACE Follow‐On (due for launch in 2017), high‐low satellite‐to‐satellite tracking (hl‐SST) will be the only dedicated observing system with global coverage available to measure the time‐variable gravity field (TVG) on a monthly or even shorter time scale. Until recently, hl‐SST TVG observations were of poor quality and hardly improved the performance of Satellite Laser Ranging observations. To date, they have been of only very limited usefulness to geophysical or environmental investigations. In this paper, we apply a thorough reprocessing strategy and a dedicated Kalman filter to Challenging Minisatellite Payload (CHAMP) data to demonstrate that it is possible to derive the very long‐wavelength TVG features down to spatial scales of approximately 2000 km at the annual frequency and for multi‐year trends. The results are validated against GRACE data and surface height changes from long‐term GPS ground stations in Greenland. We find that the quality of the CHAMP solutions is sufficient to derive long‐term trends and annual amplitudes of mass change over Greenland. We conclude that hl‐SST is a viable source of information for TVG and can serve to some extent to bridge a possible gap between the end‐of‐life of GRACE and the availability of GRACE Follow‐On.
Long‐term variability of [SII] emissions from the Io plasma torus between 1997 and 2000

[1] Long-term optical observation of the Io plasma torus provides a great deal of information on the plasma environment in the Jovian magnetosphere. We made imaging observations of [SII] emissions (λλ 673.1, 671.6 nm) from the lo plasma torus using a transportable telescope system for the period from 1997 to 2000. From the data we obtained intensity variations and average radial profiles and found that the plasma torus underwent systematic long-term variations between 1997 and 2000, indicating that Io's volcanic activity has been reducing over the years. We investigated the periodicity of torus emission intensity and confirmed that torus plasma is modulated at about 10.2 hours, corresponding to the so-called System IV period, and that the torus has no long-term System III periodicity.
Ejection‐velocity distributions from impacts into coarse‐grained sand

Abstract— Velocities of ejecta from seven impacts of aluminum projectiles into coarse‐grained sand have been measured with a laser‐based apparatus that produces stroboscopic photographs of individual grains in ballistic flight. Speeds and angles of the majority of the ejecta can then be measured very precisely. There appears to be little effect of impact velocity on the functional relationship between the scaled, radial launch position and either the speed or angle of ejection; the seven experiments covered a range of impact velocities from 0.8 to 1.9 kms—1. The measured ejection speeds follow power‐law distributions, as predicted by dimensional analysis, but the angle of ejection is not constant throughout a given event as predicted. Indeed, the angle of ejection declines gradually with increasing radial distance from the impact point, but there are indications that the angle increases again as the position of the final crater's rim is approached. The exponents determined from scaled crater dimensions and ejection‐speed distributions are substantially different. Although this might imply that assumptions used in the dimensional analysis are not valid, it is also possible that the coarse sand, whose component grains were comparable in dimension to the diameter of the impactors, instead presented a target that was more of an inhomogeneous aggregate of large fragments than a uniform, continuous medium.
Potential use of microbial community investigations to analyse hydrothermal systems behaviour: the case of Ischia Island, Southern Italy

The Ischia hydrothermal system was analysed through hydrogeological and microbial community investigations. Mesophilic communities were detected in two cold springs, suggesting a negligible influence of thermal circuits in freshwater sub‐systems which are mainly or only fed by local precipitations. Thermophilic and extremely thermophilic bacteria were detected in two wells, according to higher water temperatures (61 and 85 °C), even if the two communities show significant differences. In one well, thermophilic and extremely thermophilic bacteria are associated with strains belonging to ε‐Proteobacteria isolated in different sulphur‐rich carbonate environments. This association suggests a greater influence on ascending hot fluids that interact with the carbonate basement of volcanic rocks. In the other well, thermophilic and extremely thermophilic bacteria are associated with strains isolated in cold hypersaline environments or in aquatic habitats where terrestrial and marine components are coupled. This association supports the fact that seawater intrusion can affect this part of Ischia, according to results of hydrogeological and geochemical surveys. Differences in groundwater temperature and bacterial communities are probably mainly due to differences in permeability between volcanic rocks and differences in hydrogeologic behaviour between faults in the upper carbonate basement, above the deep magma chamber, that influence relationships between ascending hot fluids and local recharge. This study contributes to discussion of the reliability of the actual behaviour models of the Ischia system, based on the results of geochemical and isotopic investigations, and, in a wider context, it shows that microbial community investigations may be a valuable supplementary tool for analysing hydrothermal system behaviour. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Temperature‐Dependent Measurement Errors in Time Domain Reflectometry Determinations of Soil Water

With the recent development of improved time domain reflectometry (TDR) probe design, measurement systems, and calibration procedures, it is now possible to detect and quantify the effect or temperature on the soil apparent dielectric constant (K a ). We investigated measurement errors in K a associated with soil temperature variations and compared measured changes in K a with those predicted by a dielectric mixing model. After confirming the accuracy and resolution of our measurement system with a series of measurements on distilled water, we measured changes in K a with temperature for a range of soil types, including sand, loam, and peat, at soil water contents (θ v ) ranging from 0.09 to 0.81 m 3 m -3 . The measured variation with temperature in the dielectric constant of distilled water (0.322 o C -1 ) was very close to that reported in the literature (0.356 o C -1 ). In soils, changes in K a with temperature were highest at high water contents. For soils near saturation, the overall changes observed in K a with temperature were lower than those predicted by the dielectric mixing model by 17% for sand, 24% for loam, and 39% for peat. These results suggest that the temperature dependence of the dielectric constant of water in a soil matrix is lower than that of bulk water. Absolute water content errors increased linearly with the size of the water fraction, ranging from 8.75×10 -5 m 3 m -3o C -1 at 0.05 m 3 m -3 soil water content to 1.40×10 -3 m 3 m -3o C -1 at 0.80 m 3 m -3 soil water content. To obtain the highest measurement accuracy, particularly at higher θ v , we suggest that a temperature correction of 0. 00175θ v o C -1 be employed