Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Potential of full waveform inversion of vertical seismic profile data in hard rock environment

Complex structure of the subsurface in hard rock environment often complicates traditional processing and interpretation of seismic datasets based on the analysis of reflected waves. Full-waveform inversion (FWI), in turn, utilizes the whole wavefield, including the transmitted waves and reflections, to build the models of physical properties (such as P wave velocity and density), which is one of its main advantages over traditional methods of seismic imaging. We conduct a feasibility study of 2D full-waveform inversion (FWI) applied to vertical seismic profile (VSP) synthetic data computed in a model that is based on a real hard-rock survey site for the purpose of identification of heterogeneities. Using this complex model of the subsurface that contains steep interfaces, high seismic wave velocities and densities, we generate a synthetic VSP dataset with a finite-difference code. Multi-offset VSP geometry is considered due to the abundance of transmitted waves. We then apply FWI to this dataset. We use finite-difference modelling for the forward problem in FWI, optimization is conducted using the limited-memory BFGS method. FWI is applied in a multiscale manner, from 10 Hz to 190 Hz. Inversion results suggest that FWI of VSP data is a suitable tool for building the models of physical properties of the subsurface that are crucial for mineral exploration and mine planning.
Transient Facial Nerve Paralysis (Bell's Palsy) following Intranasal Delivery of a Genetically Detoxified Mutant of Escherichia coli Heat Labile Toxin

Background An association was previously established between facial nerve paralysis (Bell's palsy) and intranasal administration of an inactivated influenza virosome vaccine containing an enzymatically active Escherichia coli Heat Labile Toxin (LT) adjuvant. The individual component(s) responsible for paralysis were not identified, and the vaccine was withdrawn. Methodology/Principal Findings Subjects participating in two contemporaneous non-randomized Phase 1 clinical trials of nasal subunit vaccines against Human Immunodeficiency Virus and tuberculosis, both of which employed an enzymatically inactive non-toxic mutant LT adjuvant (LTK63), underwent active follow-up for adverse events using diary-cards and clinical examination. Two healthy subjects experienced transient peripheral facial nerve palsies 44 and 60 days after passive nasal instillation of LTK63, possibly a result of retrograde axonal transport after neuronal ganglioside binding or an inflammatory immune response, but without exaggerated immune responses to LTK63. Conclusions/Significance While the unique anatomical predisposition of the facial nerve to compression suggests nasal delivery of neuronal-binding LT–derived adjuvants is inadvisable, their continued investigation as topical or mucosal adjuvants and antigens appears warranted on the basis of longstanding safety via oral, percutaneous, and other mucosal routes.
A framework for image classification

Image annotation process requires time and human intervention. In this research we propose a framework to incrementally annotate images in the database based on user feedback. At the beginning users provide some annotations for images manually as a ground truth. Classifier is trained based on this ground truth. The classifier predicts annotation for new images that are not part of the ground truth. Feedback is collected from the users to increase the size of the training set and then the classifier is retrained. The system strives to capture feedback from users and retrains the classifier on the new training set. Our proposed framework facilitates semi-automatic image annotation
Logic design of asynchronous circuits

Summary form only given. This tutorial aims at motivating the audience to consider asynchronous circuits as a competitive alternative to solve some of the design problems inherent to submicron technologies. One of the main reasons why designers are reluctant to incorporate asynchrony in their systems is the difficulty to design asynchronous circuits. Asynchronous circuits are promising to tackle problems such as electro-magnetic interference, power consumption, performance, and modularity of digital circuits. The tutorial will introduce state-of-the-art tools and methodologies for their design. It will cover aspects such as specification, architectural design and controller synthesis tools, of asynchronous circuits. The tutorial will concentrate on a particular design methodology for control circuits based on specifications with signal transition graphs. It will also cover design strategies for the microarchitecture, data-path and control circuits that have been successfully applied in the design of the asynchronous version of the ARM microprocessor.
Global response of Magnetic field and Ionosonde observations to intense solar flares on 6 and 10 September 2017

Intense X-ray fluxes during solar flares are known to cause enhanced ionization in the Earth’s ionospheric D, E and F region. This sudden change of ionospheric electron density profile is serious problem to radio wave communication and navigation system. The ground magnetograms often record the sudden change in the sunlit hemisphere during the enhanced X-ray flux, due to the sudden increase in the global ionospheric current system caused by the flare-induced enhanced ionospheric conductivity. These geomagnetic field disturbances are known as ‘‘solar flare effects’’ (SFEs) or geomagnetic crochets [Campbell, 2003]. The typical SFE is increase variation on the equatorial magnetic data. On Ionosonde observation during solar flare event, the High-Frequency (HF) radio wave blackout is often detected in ionogram due to the sudden disturbance in ionosphere. Two intense X-class solar flares occurred on 6 and 10 September 2017. We investigated the magnetic field and Ionosonde responses to the intense solar flare events. Dayside magnetic field variations sudden increased due to the ionospheric disturbance resulting from solar flare. There is no response in night side magnetometer data. The magnitude of SFE (magnetic field) is independent of solar flare x-ray magnitude. We found HF radio wave blackout in ionogram at dayside Ionosonde stations. The duration of blackout is dependent of latitude and local time of Ionosonde stations. There is the different feature of ionogram at night side.
GPSlam: Marrying Sparse Geometric and Dense Probabilistic Visual Mapping

We propose a novel, hybrid SLAM system to construct a dense occupancy grid map based on sparse visual features and dense depth information. While previous approaches deemed the occupancy grid usable only in 2D mapping, and in combination with a probabilistic approach, we show that geometric SLAM can produce consistent, robust and dense occupancy information, and maintain it even during erroneous exploration and loop closure. We require only a single hypothesis of the occupancy map and employ a weighted inverse mapping scheme to align it to sparse geometric information. We propose a novel map-update criterion to prevent inconsistencies, and a robust measure to discriminate exploration from localization.
Phrase-Based Dependency Evaluation of a Japanese Parser

Extraction of predicate-argument structure is an important task that requires evaluation for many applications, yet annotated resources of predicate-argument structure are currently scarce, especially for languages other than English. This paper presents an evaluation of a Japanese parser based on dependency relations as proposed by Lin (1995, 1998), but using phrase dependency instead of word dependency. Phrase-based dependency analysis has been the preferred form of Japanese syntactic analysis, yet the use of annotated resources in this format has so far been limited to training and evaluation of dependency analyzers. We will show that (1) evaluation based on phrase-dependency is particularly well-suited for Japanese, even for an evaluation of phrase-structure grammar, and that (2) in spite of shortcomings, the proposed evaluation method has the advantage of utilizing currently available surface-based annotations in a way that is relevant to predicate-argument structure.
Equiangular Spiral Antenna Backed by a Shallow Cavity With Absorbing Strips

When a conducting shallow cavity is placed behind an equiangular spiral to obtain a unidirectional beam, the inherent wideband characteristics of the spiral deteriorate. To restore the wideband characteristics, a ring-shaped absorbing strip (R-ABS) is placed under the spiral arms. Analysis of the equiangular spiral with the R-ABS is performed using the finite-difference time-domain method. It is found that the R-ABS successfully restores the wideband characteristics. Subsequently, the R-ABS is divided into two absorbing strips, each specified by an arc-angle . Analysis reveals that the radiation characteristics obtained using the R-ABS are reproduced when the arc-angle is greater than . Throughout this paper an extremely small cavity depth is selected for the analysis: 0.07 wavelength at the lower operating design frequency of 3 GHz.
Less redundant codes for variable size dictionaries

Summary form only given. We report on a family of variable-length codes with less redundancy than the flat code used in most of the variable size dictionary-based compression methods. The length of codes belonging to this family is still bounded above by [log/sub 2/ |D|] where |D| denotes the dictionary size. We describe three of these codes, namely, the balanced code, the phase-in-binary code (PB), and the depth-span code (DS). As the name implies, the balanced code is constructed by a height balanced tree, so it has the shortest average codeword length. The corresponding coding tree for the PB code has an interesting property that it is made of full binary phases, and thus the code can be computed efficiently using simple binary shifting operations. The DS coding tree is maintained in such a way that the coder always finds the longest extendable codeword and extends it until it reaches the maximum length. It is optimal with respect to the code-length contrast. The PB and balanced codes have almost similar improvements, around 3% to 7% which is very close to the relative redundancy in flat code. The DS code is particularly good in dealing with files with a large amount of redundancy, such as a running sequence of one symbol. We also did some empirical study on the codeword distribution in the LZW dictionary and proposed a scheme called dynamic block shifting (DBS) to further improve the codes' performance. Experiments suggest that the DBS is helpful in compressing random sequences. From an application point of view, PB code with DBS is recommended for general practical usage.
Relaying simultaneous multicasts via structured codes

Simultaneous multicasting of messages with the help of a relay is studied. A two-source two-destination network is considered, in which each destination can receive directly only the signal from one of the sources, so that the reception of the message from the other source (and multicasting) is enabled by the presence of the relay. An outer bound is derived, which is shown to be achievable in the case of finite-field modulo-additive channels by using linear codes, highlighting the benefits of structured codes in exploiting the underlying physical-layer structure of the network. Results are extended to the Gaussian channel model as well, providing achievable rate regions based on nested lattice codes. It is shown that for a wide range of power constraints, the performance with lattice codes approaches the upper bound and surpasses the rates achieved by the standard random coding schemes.
A multi-sieving neural network architecture that decomposes learning tasks automatically

This paper presents a multi-sieving network (MSN) architecture and the multi-sieving learning (MSL) algorithm for it. The basic idea behind MSN architecture is that patterns are classified by a rough sieve at the beginning and done by finer ones gradually. MSN is constructed by adding a sieving module (SM) adaptively with progress of training. SM consists of two different neural networks and a simple logical circuit. MSL algorithm starts with a single SM, then does the following three phases repeatedly until all the training samples are successfully learned: 1) the learning phase in which the training samples are learned by the current SM; 2) the sieving phase in which the training samples that have been successfully learned are sifted out from the training set; and 3) the growing phase in which the current SM is frozen and a new SM is added in order to learn the remaining training samples. The performance of MSN architecture is illustrated on two benchmark problems. <<ETX>>
Molecular epidemiology of Vibrio cholerae in Hong Kong

We studied restriction fragment length polymorphism of the enterotoxin genes of isolates of Vibrio cholerae El Tor, indistinguishable by bacteriophage typing, which were collected in Hong Kong since 1978. Using this approach, we could distinguish indigenous and exogenous strains obtained from different sources and epidemiological settings.
The mineralogy and firing behaviour of pottery clays of the Lake Van region, eastern Turkey

Abstract The present study focused on the mineralogical and chemical characterization and firing behaviour of clays from the Lake Van region and compared them with the same characteristics established for two ancient pot sherds. Four pottery clays collected from Kutki and Kuşluk in the Kesan Valley to the south, from Kavakbaşı to the southwest and from Bardakçı village on the east coast of Lake Van were analysed by X-ray diffraction to identify mineralogical composition (bulk clays and <2 μm fractions after heating at 300-500°C and ethylene glycol solvation). Further analyses were conducted to determine the size distribution, chemical composition and physical properties of test bodies derived from these clays. The in situ weathered schist forming the primary micaceous red clays which are suitable for local pottery production are characterized by large muscovite-sericite-illite and small calcite contents. In contrast, the Bardakçı clays are dominated by large smectite contents and are only used sparingly in mixtures of local pottery production because they undergo firing shrinkage and present drying and firing flaws in the fired bodies. Firing ranges of ∼800-900°C were inferred from the mineralogy and colours of the two ancient sherds from Kutki. As a result of mineralogical analysis of fired and unfired test bodies of these pottery clays and pot sherds, two different types of pastes were determined for pottery production in the Lake Van region: metamorphic and volcanic paste, the former characterized by a calcite-poor and mica-sericite-rich matrix and the latter by large smectite and small calcite contents.
An Introduction to Description Logics

This introduction presents the main motivations for the development of Description Logics (DL) as a formalism for representing knowledge, as well as some important basic notions underlying all systems that have been created in the DL tradition. In addition, we provide the reader with an overview of the entire book and some guidelines for reading it. We first address the relationship between Description Logics and earlier semantic network and frame systems, which represent the original heritage of the field. We delve into some of the key problems encountered with the older efforts. Subsequently , we introduce the basic features of Description Logic languages and related reasoning techniques. Description Logic languages are then viewed as the core of knowledge representation systems, considering both the structure of a DL knowledge base and its associated reasoning services. The development of some implemented knowledge representation systems based on Description Logics and the first applications built with such systems are then reviewed. Finally, we address the relationship of Description Logics to other fields of Computer Science. We also discuss some extensions of the basic representation language machinery; these include features proposed for incorporation in the formalism that originally arose in implemented systems, and features proposed to cope with the needs of certain application domains. Research in the field of knowledge representation and reasoning is usually focused on methods for providing high-level descriptions of the world that can be effectively used to build intelligent applications. In this context, " intelligent " refers to the abil-5
Cortisol alters carbonic anhydrase-mediated renal sulfate secretion.

Active transepithelial sulfate secretion rate by winter flounder renal proximal tubule epithelium in primary culture (fPTC) is dependent on intracellular carbonic anhydrase (CA) and enhanced by cortisol. To further evaluate this relationship, a partial cDNA clone (327 bp) of carbonic anhydrase II (CAII) with high sequence similarity to CAII from numerous species including fish, chicken, and human was obtained from fPTCs. The majority of CA activity and CAII protein was present in the cytosol of fPTCs; however, significant amounts of both (in addition to SDS-resistant CA activity, i.e., CAIV-like isoform) were present in concentrated plasma membranes. CAII from concentrated membranes migrated differently than purified CAII on nondenaturing PAGE gels, suggesting that CAII associates with another membrane component. Treatment of fPTCs with the cell-soluble CA inhibitor methazolamide (100 microM) caused a 58% reduction in active transepithelial SO4(2-) secretion. fPTCs that were previously cultured under high-cortisol concentrations, when subjected to 5 days of low physiological levels of cortisol, had decreased CA activity (28%), CAII protein abundance (65%), and net active SO4(2-) secretion (28%), with no effect on epithelial differentiation. Methazolamide and low-cortisol treatment in combination inhibited net active SO4(2-) secretion 56%, which was not different than the effect of methazolamide treatment alone. These data indicate that cortisol directly increases renal CA activity, CAII protein abundance, and CA-dependent SO4(2-) secretion in the marine teleost renal proximal tubule.
Evaluation of Multiple Satellite Precipitation Products and Their Use in Hydrological Modelling over the Luanhe River Basin, China

Satellite precipitation products are unique sources of precipitation measurement that overcome spatial and temporal limitations, but their precision differs in specific catchments and climate zones. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the precipitation data derived from the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) 3B42RT, TRMM 3B42, and Precipitation Estimation from Remotely Sensed Information using Artificial Neural Networks (PERSIANN) products over the Luanhe River basin, North China, from 2001 to 2012. Subsequently, we further explore the performances of these products in hydrological models using the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model with parameter and prediction uncertainty analyses. The results show that 3B42 and 3B42RT overestimate precipitation, with BIAs values of 20.17% and 62.80%, respectively, while PERSIANN underestimates precipitation with a BIAs of −6.38%. Overall, 3B42 has the smallest RMSE and MAE and the highest CC values on both daily and monthly scales and performs better than PERSIANN, followed by 3B42RT. The results of the hydrological evaluation suggest that precipitation is a critical source of uncertainty in the SWAT model, and different precipitation values result in parameter uncertainty, which propagates to prediction and water resource management uncertainties. The 3B42 product shows the best hydrological performance, while PERSIANN shows unsatisfactory hydrological performance. Therefore, 3B42 performs better than the other two satellite precipitation products over the study area.
3MSF: A framework to select mobile office devices

The mobile office devices market is currently growing, mainly due to the descending cost of wireless technology as well as the high diversity of functions and features covered. Diversity and proliferation become a hard problem when a person or organization aims at selecting the appropriate device for their particular needs. We propose here a framework for producing device recommendations based on personal or business needs. The framework is articulated through an architecture that includes subsystems for data extraction, recommendation and personalization. All these subsystems operate upon a goal-oriented knowledge base whose presentation is the subject of this paper. Our approach is built upon three independent models: a market model, which contains descriptions of the current devices offered in the marketplace; a domain model, which states the needs of the person or organization; and a mediator model, which describes the types of devices available. We show the actors and processes around these models. Last, we present a prototype that acts as proof-of-concept of the recommender system.
Do Cephalopods and Larvae of Other Taxa Grow Asymptotically?

Species that reach the end of a life-history stage (transform) at relatively fixed sizes may often grow nonasymptotically before transforming. Many species of squid and at least some larval frogs, fish, and insects appear to follow this pattern. When data on body size at a range of ages are available for such taxa, they are often described well by exponential curves or by power curves that are concave upward. When such data are transformed to mean sizes for ages or age classes, they are likely to fit asymptotic growth models such as the logistic and Gompertz curves. These curves are good descriptions of the behavior of the population mean but poor descriptions of the pattern followed by any individual in the population. Analyzing and presenting data on size at age using mean sizes can thus lead to incorrect interpretations of growth patterns and should be avoided.
A Geodetic Strain Rate and Tectonic Velocity Model for China

The conjoining and interfering influence of the Circum‐Pacific zone and the Tethys‐Himalayan zone make China a country of intense intracontinental seismicity. Here we provide three new quantitatively assessed products and use them to better constrain seismic hazards in China. First, we process ~2,700 Global Positioning System (GPS) data spanning 1996–2017 provided by the Crustal Movement Observation Network of China (CMONOC) network and the Nevada Geodetic Laboratory. To produce a robust tectonic velocity solution, we implement a data editing scheme to account for 8 Mw ≥ 7 earthquakes to reduce the influence of transient phenomena. The solution is then rotated into a consistent reference frame with 10 other published velocity sources surrounding mainland China. Second, we calculate a new geodetic strain rate model using an optimal mesh grid definition of 0.4° × 0.4° determined jointly by the Nyquist frequency method and checkerboard tests. We evaluate and validate the geodetic strain rate results from both a statistical (i.e., based on the Bayesian factor) and quantitative (i.e., based on the comparison with the 2‐D analytical strain rate result) approaches. Third, we use our new geodetic strain rate model to estimate seismicity rates.
Detecting Image Forgery Using XOR and Determinant of Pixels for Image Forensics

Using images in case investigation may doubt that the image are forged or not. Image forensics is an approach for image validity. In this paper, we propose a new method for detecting forgery of image that use of the truth from XOR comparison between two images, and the determinant of 3x3 pixels for more performance instead of comparing pixel by pixel. Euclidean of a pixel is computed to reduce the dimensions from RGB vectors. In this experiment, XOR with pixel-by-pixel and XOR with determinant of 3x3 pixels were compared. Fifty images were used: 25 real images and 25 forged images. The result showed that our new method increased speed 36.42% and the error was at 13%.