Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
FLOW CYTOMETRIC ANALYSES OF VIRAL INFECTION IN TWO MARINE PHYTOPLANKTON SPECIES, MICROMONAS PUSILLA (PRASINOPHYCEAE) AND PHAEOCYSTIS POUCHETII (PRYMNESIOPHYCEAE)

Cell characteristics of two axenic marine phytoplankton species, Micromonas pusilla (Butscher) Manton et Parke and Phaeocystis pouchetii (Hariot) Lagerheim, were followed during viral infection using flow cytometry. Distinct differences between noninfected and infected cultures were detected in the forward scatter intensities for both algal species. Changes in side scatter signals on viral infection were found only for P. pouchetii. Chlorophyll red fluorescence intensity per cell decreased gradually over time in the infected cultures. DNA analyses were performed using the nucleic acid–specific fluorescent dye SYBR Green I. Shortly after infection the fraction of algal cells with more than one genome equivalent increased for both species because of the replication of viral DNA in the infected cells. Over time, a population of algal cells with low red autofluorescence and low DNA fluorescence developed, likely representing algal cells just prior to viral lysis. The present study provides insight into basic virus–algal host cell interactions. It shows that flow cytometry can be a useful tool to discriminate between virus infected and noninfected phytoplankton cells.
Editors' Introduction: Birds and Agriculture

1. Around 10% of recent papers in the Journal of Applied Ecology have examined interactions between birds and agriculture. This statistic reveals the important role now played by ecologists in assessing the effects of agricultural development worldwide. It also reflects the position of birds as both indicators and targets of agricultural change: their patterns of behaviour, distribution, seasonal phenology and demography track closely onto the spatial and temporal scales of agricultural intensification. 2. Papers in this Special Profile illustrate how research in this sphere has shifted towards assessing the processes by which birds are affected ecologically by agricultural change. The works examine spatial patterns in extinction; assess long-term trends in bird abundance and agricultural practice; reveal how foraging and breeding performance in farmland birds varies between habitats; and evaluate the role of large-scale modelling in examining hypotheses about the influences of land management on birds. The final paper shows that birds can have intrinsically positive value in agricultural systems. 3. All the papers propose management prescriptions for agricultural areas that blend the microscopic – for example, how to modify local land structure to benefit birds – and the macroscopic – for example, by suggested inputs into land-use policy. Perhaps most pertinent is the key conclusion that agricultural change is multivariate, so that straightforward univariate effects on birds are unlikely. Restoration of impacted populations might therefore require holistic strategies that encourage appropriately scaled agricultural extensification. Success would be most likely if farmers, conservationists and other key players were engaged collaboratively in the process. 4. Current ideas about restoring farmland bird populations share a common assumption: if agricultural practice has reduced populations hitherto, then agricultural practice can restore the losses. We suggest that this assumption carries a range of predictions that now require testing through sustainable farm management – a situation ideally suited to ‘BACI’ style experiments. 5. We reiterate the need to expand work on other groups of organisms affected negatively or positively by agricultural management to allow a broader perspective of impacts or benefits.
Women’s Reactions and Health Disorders Caused by Abuse During the Pregnancy-Postpartum Period

The purpose of this study was to determine women’s reactions to violence, and reproductive health problems as a result of violence, during the pregnancy-puerperal period. The study was conducted in two villages of central Sulawesi: Sunju Village in Sigi Biromaru Regency and Tanjung Batu Town in Donggala Regency. The main population of interest was married women of childbearing age who were pregnant, in the puerperal period, had been pregnant, had given birth a maximum of 2 years previously, or who had experienced violence in the past. The data collection was completed through structured interviews, in-depth interviews, observations, and a Focus Group Discussion (FGD). The results showed that women who are victims of violence generally go to traditional midwives for childbirth, while women in town in general go to rural midwives. The typical response of wives to reproductive health problems is silence, and this is the first choice of reaction for victims of violence in villages and cities. However, if the violence is considered to endanger the health and safety of their lives, women in the village generally report the violence to a customs agency called “Pabisara Ada”, while women in town choose to fight or avoid it, rather than to report their husband’s actions.
The Effect of Nursing Documentation and Communication Practices on Patient Safety Practices in the Pemalang Ashari Hospital

This study aims to analyze the practice of communication and documentation practices in nursing and the relationship of its influence with patient safety at Ashari Pemalang Hospital. The scope of the research is on the practice of communication and documentation practices carried out in the nursing practice as well as the links and their effects on patient safety. This study uses a quantitative analytic approach with the instrument used i.e. questionnaire. Research data obtained by observation; library research and interviews. The population in this study were all nurses in the treatment room at Pemalang Ashari Hospital as many as 200 nurses. The sample for the purpose of this study was taken using the Slovin Formula which was obtained as many as 133 nurses. Based on the results of this study note that nursing communication and documentation in the nursing process at this hospital has a positive and significant effect on patient safety practices. Simultaneously the two variables have a positive and significant effect on the safety practices of patients undertaking treatment. Generally nurses practice communication with patients, and carry out documentation of the nursing process undertaken by patients. Patients who obtain health services at this hospital obtain a good guarantee of safety. This study shows that the documentation variable in the nursing process has a positive and greatest influence on patient Original Research Article Herisiyanto et al.; AJRNH, 3(1): 10-19, 2020; Article no.AJRNH. 55278 11 safety practices with an estimated standard based on the results of the analysis with the SEM Model at 0.455. While the effect of nursing communication is only at 0.249. Results of this study, patient safety practices more influenced by the role of documentation in the nursing process.
Scattering Angle Resolved Optical Coherence Tomography Detects Early Changes in 3xTg Alzheimer's Disease Mouse Model

Purpose Clinical intensity-based optical coherence tomographic retinal imaging is unable to resolve some of the earliest changes to Alzheimer's disease (AD) neurons. The aim of this pilot study was to demonstrate that scattering-angle-resolved optical coherence tomography (SAR-OCT), which is sensitive to changes in light scattering angle, is a candidate retinal imaging modality for early AD detection. SAR-OCT signal data may be sensitive to changes in intracellular constituent morphology that are not detectable with conventional OCT. Methods In this cross-sectional study, retinas of a triple transgenic mouse model of AD (3xTg-AD) were imaged alongside age-matched control mice (C57BL/6J) using SAR-OCT. A total of 32 mice (12 control, 20 3xTg-Ad) at four ages (10, 20, 30, and 45 weeks) were included in this cross-sectional study, and three retinal feature sets (scattering, thickness, and angiography) were examined between the disease and control groups. Results AD mice had significantly increased scattering diversity (lower SAR-OCT C parameter) at the earliest imaging time (10 weeks). Differences in the C parameter between AD and control mice were diminished at later times when both groups showed increased scattering diversity. AD mice have reduced retinal thickness compared to controls, particularly in central regions and superficial layers. No differences in vascular density or fractional blood volume between groups were detected. Conclusions SAR-OCT is sensitive to scattering angle changes in a 3xTg-AD mouse model and could provide early-stage biomarkers for neurodegenerative diseases such as AD. Translational Relevance Clinical OCT systems may be modified to record SAR-OCT images for non-invasive retinal diagnostic imaging of patients with neurodegenerative diseases such as AD.
Comparison of the Effects of Standardized Patient-based Simulation Education and Clinical Practice Education for Preoperative Nursing Care for High-risk Pregnant Women

Background/Objectives: This study aimed to compare the effects of conventional clinical practice education and standardized patient-based simulation education on preoperative nursing care for high-risk pregnant women scheduled for a cesarean section, and, ultimately, to identify effective education method for nursing students.Method/Statistical Analysis: This study used a non-equivalent control group, non-synchronized post-test design. The experimental group (34 subjects) received standardized patient-based simulation education, whereas the comparison group (32 subjects) participated in traditional clinical practice education. Descriptive statistics and ANCOVA was done to find the differences in the effects of the intervention between the two groups.Findings: The results showed that clinical judgment (F = 33.63, p<.001), nursing performance competency (F = 46.78, p<.001), communication ability (F = 13.90, p<.001), and learning satisfaction (F = 31.83, p<.001), except for problem-solving ability, were significantly higher in the experimental group.Improvements/Applications: Standardized patient-based simulation education can be effectively replaced with conventional clinical practice education when educating nursing students about preoperative nursing care for high-risk pregnant women.
Urban Air Pollution and Sick Leaves: Evidence from Social Security Data

We estimate the causal impact of air pollution on the incidence of sick leaves in a representative panel of employees affiliated to the Spanish social security system. Using over 100 million worker-by-week observations from the period 2005-2014, we estimate the relationship between the share of days an individual is on sick leave in a given week and exposure to particulate matter (PM10) at the place of residence, controlling for weather, individual effects, and a wide range of time-by-location controls. We exploit quasi-experimental variation in PM10 that is due to Sahara dust advection in order to instrument for local PM10 concentrations. We estimate that the causal effect of PM10 on sick leaves is positive and varies with respect to worker and job characteristics. The effect is stronger for workers with pre-existing medical conditions, and weaker for workers with low job security. Our estimates are instrumental for quantifying air pollution damages due to changes in labor supply. We estimate that improved ambient air quality in urban Spain between 2005 and 2014 saved at least €503 million in foregone production by reducing worker absence by more than 5.55 million days.
Antibacterial Activity of Essential Oils Against Streptococcus Mutans

Background/Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the antimicrobial activity against bacteria in oral cavity by selecting tea tree and pepper, which are natural essential oils with aroma suitable for oral useMethod/Statistical Analysis: Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) was used for the antibacterial activity measurement after subculture in brain heart infusion (BHI; Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA). Tea tree and peppermint essential oil concentrations of 0.5%, 1%, 5%, 10%, 20% and 30% were divided into 5×105 colony forming units; CFUs/ml diluted S. mutans 10ul, BHI 900ul, 10% Tween 20 90ul was applied to prepare the final 1mL to check the CFUs according to 24h at 37°? to evaluate the antimicrobial effect.Findings: The CFUs of the essential oils of tea tree and peppermint showed a reduction of 10-6 in 30% tea tree compared to the control without natural essential oil, 30% Peppermint showed 10-8 deaths. Although the difference in natural essential oils is different, it is shown that the higher the concentration of the essential oil, the higher the bacterial death.Improvements/Applications: Peppermint and tea tree essential oils were found to be antimicrobial. Especially, tea tree essential oil has excellent antimicrobial activity compared to peppermint essential oil.
The Prevalence of Sperm Parameters for Infertile Males in Thi-Qar City

Objective Male infertility is a term in which the male is not capable to attain pregnancy in a female. It occurs due to a lack of semen and low-quality semen. Semen Quality is referred to as a surrogate measure of male fecundity. This study aims to assess the frequency of sperm factors in infertile men in Thi-Qar City. Materials and Methods: This study involved an infertile couple, seminal fluid analysis (SFA) was done to evaluate male factors. Males with normal seminal fluid parameters were excluded. Regarding male, SFA was examined according to WHO 2010. Information such as age, duration of infertility and type of infertility were taken Results Among the percentage of abnormal sperm parameters for infertile couples in which the largest percentage was for asthenozoospermia that represent 66.70% of all infertile males. The second sperm abnormality is 12.13% for oligoasthenozoospermia. Asthenoteratozoospermia and oligoasthenoteratozoospermia have the same percentage (4.4). Azoospermia represents 6.7% while the lower percentage for teratozoospermia. Conclusions largest percentage was for asthenozoospermia that represents 66.70% of all infertile males .
Sleep-Wake Cycle of Elite Athletes Prior to the Rio 2016 Olympic Games

Objective: To analyze chronotype, duration and quality of sleep among elite athletes, to compare differences in sleep variables between sex, and to compare differences between athletes of individual and team sports. Method: The sample included 70 Brazilian elite athletes of both sex (male=37; female=33) with a mean age 23.0 ± 4.0 years old. To measure sleep-wake cycle, athletes wore an actigraph on the wrist for 10 days. Moreover, athletes answered the chronotype questionnaire of Horne and Ostberg. Results: The most athletes are intermediate-type (n=55, 78.6%), with a mean of 07h:18min of sleep per night. The athletes demonstrated higher sleep fragmentation (39.26 ± 23.66 minutes) and higher sleep latency (30.88 ± 16.19 minutes) during pre-competition training days. Additionally, the athletes of individual sports demonstrated more fragmentation (p<0.001) and less sleep efficiency (p<0.001) compared athletes of team sports. However, there was no significant difference in all sleep variables between the male and female sex. Conclusion: The overall elite athletes presented poor sleep quality during the training periods prior to the Rio 2016 Olympic Games, and individual athletes showed higher fragmentation and poorer sleep efficiency compared to team athletes.
Effectiveness of density segregation and sodium carbonate treatment on the detoxification of Fusarium‐contaminated corn fed to growing pigs

The effectiveness of using rinsing, density segregation or 0.1 M sodium carbonate treatments of Fusarium-contaminated corn containing deoxynivalenol (DON) and zearalenone were tested both chemically and by feeding the material to growing pigs. Uninfected and Fusarium graminearum-inoculated corn (containing 40.3 mg DON and 0.94 mg zearalenone kg -1 corn) were subjected to various treatments : no treatment (control), rinsed, rinsed and all floating material removed, soaked in 0.1 M sodium carbonate for 24 h or soaked in 0.1 M sodium carbonate for 24 h after removal of the floating material. All corn samples were analysed for DON and zearalenone. Rinsing the contaminated corn reduced the concentrations of both mycotoxins by 44% while soaking in 0.1 M sodium carbonate reduced the toxin concentrations an additional 35%. In both cases, removal of the floating material decreased concentrations another 8 and 4%, respectively. In the feeding study, 10-week-old barrows were fed diets containing 17.5% of the treated corn samples over a 21 day period. Daily feed consumption and weight gains were significantly improved in pigs fed the rinsed-minus-floating corn and the sodium carbonate-soaked corn with and without floating material compared to the untreated contaminated corn. The chemical and biological data demonstrated that rinsing combined with the removal of floating material or soaking in 0.1 M sodium carbonate with or without removal of floating material were effective in reducing the toxicity of the contaminated corn. Due to a higher energy requirement needed to dry the corn soaked in sodium carbonate, the combination of rinsing and removal of the floating material is recommended as a more general and practical method of detoxification of contaminated grain.
The effect of self myofascial release and static stretching on the antagonist muscles before agonist performance

Objective: the aim of this study was to compare differences in volume load, total repetition performed and rating of perceived exertion between static stretching and self-myofascial release on antagonist muscles. Methods: Eighteen recreationally trained men (23.4 ± 3.3 years; 80.7 ± 11.1 kg; 1.76 ± 0.06 cm) performed 10 repetitions maximum test and retest in the leg extension exercise on the first two visits. Then, three experimental sessions were conducted in a random order, in which two consisted of self-myofascial release and static stretching on hamstrings, and the other was used as a control. Results: significant higher repetitions were performed in the third set of static stretching when compared to control protocol. Additionally, significant reductions in total repetitions performed were observed only in the control session. No significant differences were noticed in the volume load of leg extension and rating of perceived exertion between protocols. Conclusion: self-myofascial release and static stretching performed before a session in the antagonist muscles can maintain repetitions performance by optimizing recovery between sets and reducing fatigue of agonist muscle.
Recovery of Native Grasslands after Removing Invasive Pines

The advance of exotic tree and shrub species is one of the main threats to conservation of the last relicts of natural grassland in South America; however, control actions in the region are still scarce and there are almost no evaluations of the recovery of natural ecosystems after removing invasive plants. Monitoring of the vegetation during the years after removal of invasive trees is critical in order to decide whether an active restoration strategy is necessary. The recovery of montane grassland four years after the control of a dense invasion of Aleppo pine (Pinus halepensis) is described in this study. Experimental clearing areas were followed during four years and compared to grassland controls. Variation was seen in the levels of recovery in function of the proximity of sectors of grassland that are free of invasive species and/or the density of invasive trees before control. Native species slowly replaced many exotic herbs that had appeared as pioneers, there was low recruitment of pine seedlings in spite of the quantity of seeds from trees that surrounded the clearings, and species richness and diversity were restored, including cover of the typical grasses in the controls. Recovery of grassland after felling was shown to be successful and does not seem to be seed limited if tree removal occurs early in the invasion process.
Characterization of the capsular antigen of Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 35B

The specific capsular antigen of Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 35B was shown by a combina- tion of 2D NMR methods and mass spectrometric and classical carbohydrate chemical techniques to be a high molecular weight polymer containing D-galactose, D-glucose, 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-D-galactose, and ribitol (2: 1 : 1 : 1). The pentasaccharide repeating unit is polymerized through phosphate diester linkages to give the structure, Ac 1
Cats (Felis catus) are more abundant and are the dominant predator of woylies (Bettongia penicillata) after sustained fox (Vulpes vulpes) control

Abstract. The control of foxes (Vulpes vulpes) is a key component of many fauna recovery programs in Australia. A question crucial to the success of these programs is how fox control influences feral cat abundance and subsequently affects predation upon native fauna. Historically, this question has been difficult to address because invasive predators are typically challenging to monitor. Here, non-invasive DNA analysis was used to determine the fate of radio-collared woylies (Bettongia penicillata) in two reserves in a mesic environment where foxes had been controlled intensively for over two decades. Woylie trap success had increased more than 20-fold after fox baiting commenced in the 1980s but decreased precipitously in 2000. Ninety-eight monitored woylies were killed between 2006 and 2009. DNA analysis of swabs taken from radio-collars and carcasses of these woylies indicated that predation by cats (Felis catus) caused most mortalities (65%) and was three times the fox predation rate (21%). Also, indices of cat abundance were higher in fox-baited sites where foxes were less abundant. Predation on woylies by cats was greater than previously recognised and, by implication, may significantly reduce the effectiveness of fox control programs throughout Australia. Integrated fox and cat control is essential to ensure the success of fauna recovery programs.
Changing Social Contexts to Foster Equity in College Science Courses: An Ecological-Belonging Intervention

In diverse classrooms, stereotypes are often “in the air,” which can interfere with learning and performance among stigmatized students. Two studies designed to foster equity in college science classrooms (Ns = 1,215 and 607) tested an intervention to establish social norms that make stereotypes irrelevant in the classroom. At the beginning of the term, classrooms assigned to an ecological-belonging intervention engaged in discussion with peers around the message that social and academic adversity is normative and that students generally overcome such adversity. Compared with business-as-usual controls, intervention students had higher attendance, course grades, and 1-year college persistence. The intervention was especially impactful among historically underperforming students, as it improved course grades for ethnic minorities in introductory biology and for women in introductory physics. Regardless of demographics, attendance in the intervention classroom predicted higher cumulative grade point averages 2 to 4 years later. The results illustrate the viability of an ecological approach to fostering equity and unlocking student potential.