Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Global Ionospheric Response to the Magnetic Storm of 21 October 1999

The present work aims to investigate the 21 October 1999 magnetic storm and its global ionosphere-magnetosphere response. The study uses a combination of ionosonde and magnetometers data; in addition, the data from satellite in-situ measurements, such as the Defense Metrological Satellite Program (DMSP), TOPographic EXplorer (TOPEX) and WIND. A new analytical method has been used to analyze the ¦oF2 ionospheric data from eleven ionosonde stations. According to that analytical method, the ¦oF2 data has been normalized to a central location, and local time correction (LTC) values have been calculated for each station. The integrated LTC data from all stations from both eastern and western hemispheres showed a global response to the magnetic storm, which is st synchronized with the storm main phase manifested by the sudden decrease in D . During the main st phase of the storm, the D index showed a large fall with a minimum value of –240 nT. The interplanetary Bz reversed polarity in a 19 nT southward excursion that led to detection of a prompt penetration electric field. The auroral electrojet index AE was used as indicator of high latitude convection effects on the ionospheric electric fields through prompt penetration. The global relative deviation D¦oF2 showed a damping of about -55% during the main negative phase of that ionospheric storm; moreover, the positive phase occurred before the negative one, in harmony with the results of previous studies. We observed a similarity in the behavior of both D¦oF2 and the vertical E ́ B drift during the storm. On the other hand, the DMSP results showed a disturbance in the plasma drift velocity, while TOPEX showed asymmetrical equatorial anomaly of the global TEC.
Combustion Behaviors of Fine Coal and Its Impact on Gas Permeability at Lower Part of Blast Furnace under High Pulverized Coal Rate Operation

Practical ways of estimating temperatures of coke flowing into raceway as well as the gas core depth validated by direct measurement were suggested for the purpose of better describing the combustion behaviors of injected coal fine in blast furnace raceway. The numerical simulation model was refurnished with the scheme, and helped clarifying an intriguing effect of coal gasification or decomposition degrees before exiting tuyere tip on attained combustibility of coal at raceway boundary.Another scheme for quantitative expression of pressure losses caused exclusively by coal fine residence in and around raceway was also developed by shutting off coal injection for minutes at practical operation. The obtained results lead to developing the advanced tuyere, CD (converged and diverged) tuyere which enabled reducing the interaction between injectants and hot blast inside tuyere and thus improving overall gas permeability even under conditions of massive coal injection over 250 kg/tHM.
A Comparison of Hypnotically-Induced Death Experiences and Near-Death Experiences

Past-life regression therapy has become a common practice and many people have reported that they recalled their past lives in the course of the therapy. Whether the past-life memories recalled in this way are authentic ones or not is controversial, there being both positive and negative evidence. However, irrespective of the authenticity argument, it is undeniable that the therapy can give people an opportunity to experience “death” in a safe setting. In this exploratory study, we examine whether “death” experiences occurring under past-life regression therapy is comparable to near-death experiences by using the two established instruments for assessing the phenomenological aspects and aftereffects of the latter: The NearDeath Experience scale developed by Greyson (1983) and the Life Change Inventory-Revised developed by Greyson and Ring (2004). It is shown that the scores of the two scales in “death” experiences occurring under past-life regression therapy is consistently higher than those in spontaneously occurring near-death experiences reported in one study (Goza, et al. 2014), although the scores of the NDE Scale in the former are lower in three of the four subscales than those in spontaneously occurring near-death experiences reported in another study (Greyson, 1983). The results appear to warrant further investigation of hypnotically-induced “death” experiences by using the scales designed for near-death experiences.
Interactions between Macroparticles and High-Energy Proton Beams

A known threat to the availability of the LHC is the interaction of macroparticles (dust particles) with the LHC proton beam. At the foreseen beam energy of 6.5 TeV during Run 2, quench margins in the superconducting magnets will be 2-3 times less, and beam losses due such interactions may result in magnet quenches. The study introduces an improved numerical model for such interactions, as well as Monte-Carlo simulations that give the probability of such events resulting in a beam-dump during Run 2.
EXISTENCE AND MULTIPLICITY OF SOLUTIONS TO SEMILINEAR ELLIPTIC EQUATION WITH NONLINEAR TERM OF SUPERLINEAR AND SUBCRITICAL GROWTH

This article concerns the existence and multiplicity of solutions to the superlinear elliptic problems. We introduce a new superlinear condition which is proved to be weaker than the Ambrosetti-Rabinowitz condition, the nonquadratic condition, the monotonicity conditions. As an application, positive solution and infinitely many solutions to semilinear elliptic equation with general subcritical growth are obtained, which generalize some known results.
Working Memory in Children With Developmental Disorders

The aim of the present study was to directly compare working memory skills across students with different developmental disorders to investigate whether the uniqueness of their diagnosis would impact memory skills. The authors report findings confirming differential memory profiles on the basis of the following developmental disorders: Specific Language Impairment, Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD), Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, and Asperger syndrome (AS). Specifically, language impairments were associated with selective deficits in verbal short-term and working memory, whereas motor impairments (DCD) were associated with selective deficits in visuospatial short-term and working memory. Children with attention problems were impaired in working memory in both verbal and visuospatial domains, whereas the children with AS had deficits in verbal short-term memory but not in any other memory component. The implications of these findings are discussed in light of support for learning.
TROPICAL ENUMERATION OF CURVES IN BLOWUPS OF CP

We describe a method for recursively calculating Gromov–Witten invariants of all blowups of the projective plane. This recursive formula is different from the recursive formulas due to Göttsche and Pandharipande in the zero genus case, and Caporaso and Harris in the case of no blowups. We use tropical curves and a recursive computation of Gromov–Witten invariants relative a normal crossing divisor. This paper computes Gromov–Witten invariants of blowups of the projective plan from recursively computable relative Gromov–Witten invariants. Recursions calculating some such Gromov–Witten invariants are already known. Göttsche and Pandharipande give a recursive formula for zero-genus Gromov–Witten invariants of arbitary blowups of the plane in [6]. Caporaso and Harris in [5] show that the Gromov–Witten invariants of CP 2 relative to a line may be calculated recursively, giving a method for calculating Gromov–Witten invariants of CP 2 of any genus. This is extended by Vakil in [20] to a recursive formula for Gromov–Witten invariants of CP 2 blown up at a small number of points, and further extended by Shoval and Shustin, then Brugallè in [19, 3] to CP 2 blown up at 7 and 8 points respectively. Our recursion gives a formula for (arbitary-genus) Gromov–Witten invariants that is uniform in the number of blowups. Behind our recursion are exploded manifolds, [12], and the tropical gluing formula from [18]. This paper should be readable to someone not familiar with exploded manifolds, however we lose some precision of language by forgoing any serious use of exploded manifolds. In section 1, we explain what relative invariants we use, and explain the recursion that these invariants satisfy. Section 2 explains why this recursion follows from a simplified tropical gluing formula, Theorem 2.1. This simplified gluing formula is applied in Section 3 to reconstruct our absolute Gromov-Witten invariants from our relative invariants and some further relative invariants of CP 2 blown up at one point, computed in section 4. I have written a Mathematica program that computes these relative Gromov– Witten invariants, and compared the results to known Gromov–Witten invariants of CP , and the results of [6, 3, 4], however further work is required to get these invariants in a closed form. For example, beyond checking up to degree 12, I have been unable to reprove the beautiful formulas of Bryan and Leung [4] which count curves of genus g passing through g points in CP 2 blown up at 9 points. This formula also can be proved using topological recursion for certain descendant invariants and the symplectic sum formula for Gromov–Witten invariants as in [9], however the consequences in our model are less than obvious. The Mathematica This work was supported by ARC grant DP1093094. 1We only count rigid curves with no constraints — the counts of curves constrained to pass through a collection of points may be recovered by blowing up these points, and counting rigid curves that intersect the new exceptional spheres once.
Are the Negative Effects of Divorce on Well-Being Dependent on Marital Quality?.

We test the so-called escape hypothesis, whichargues that for people from a poor marriage,a divorce has a less negative or even a positiveeffect on well-being. In an analysis of twowaves of the National Survey of Families andHouseholds (N ¼ 4,526), we ﬁnd only limitedevidence. When people divorce from a dissatis-factory or unfair marriage, they experiencesmaller increases in depression than when theydivorce from a less dissatisfactory and lessunfair marriage. For marital conﬂict, we ﬁndno interaction. Marital aggression seems toincrease the negative effect of divorce, espe-cially among women, suggesting that notionsabout the accumulation of problems afterdivorce need to be considered in combinationwith notions of escape.The positive effects of marriage on individualwell-being and health have been documentedextensively (Ross, Mirowsky, & Goldsteen,1990). Onelineofresearchhascomparedpeoplebeforeandaftertheentryintomarriage(Horwitz,RaskinWhite,HMastekaasa,1992). Another line of research has focused onwhat happens when people separate, divorce, orexperience the death of their spouse (Amato,2000;BoothAFokkema& Dykstra,2002). More recent studies combine the twodesigns and look at all marital transitions inone study (Barrett, 2000; Joung, Van deMheen, Stronks, Van Poppel, & Mackenbach,1998; Marks & Lambert, 1998; Williams UWaite & Gallagher, 2000). Althoughthereisconsensusonthenotionthatmarriagehasaprotectiveeffectonwell-beingandhealth, itisalsorecognized thatnotallmarriagesarealike. Ifthemarriageeffectresultsfromsomeformofprotectionorspousalinﬂuence,itisplau-sible that some marriages are more protectivethan others and that this will depend on the qual-ity of the marriage. Starting from this generalidea, a research tradition has developed that ex-amines the effects of marital quality on health.Research inthistraditionconsistentlyshowsthatpoor marital quality—however it is measured—has a strong negative effect on the mental andphysical health of husband and wife (Fincham B Kiecolt-Glaser & Newton, 2001;Lennon & Rosenﬁeld, 1994; Ross, Mirowsky, &Huber, 1983). These studies are not onlyimportant for clarifying some of the underlyingmechanisms for why marriage may protectpeople but also important in that they emphasizethe heterogeneity that exists in the marriedpopulation.
CFD modelling of the velocity profile within a Single Horizontal Fracture in an Enhanced Geothermal System

Accurate prediction of geothermal fluid velocity profiles in the fractures is essential in determining the mass flow rate and hence energy extraction in Enhanced Geothermal Systems (EGS) which embrace Hot Dry Rock (HDR) systems and Hot Sedimentary Aquifer (HAS) systems. Previous studies have addressed flows in fractures assuming fracture walls as impermeable boundaries. However this assumption is unrealistic since the channel walls may contain cracks and fissures arising from the initial hydraulic fracturing process. The channel walls thus exhibit permeable characteristics at the boundary which will affect the velocity profiles in the fracture. There has been recent development of mathematical models to predict velocity profiles for low Reynolds number flows in HDR fractures by considering the effects of slip boundary conditions at the walls. In this paper, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model based on the Finite Volume approach is used to predict the fluid velocity profile in a single fracture in an EGS system. A fluid-porous interface model based on an analytical equation has been implemented in the commercial CFD code ANSYS/CFX. One advantage of this model is that it can take into consideration of different values of the slip coefficient, α, which is a dimensionless quantity characterising the structure of permeable material at the fluidporous interface wall. This interface velocity model is used to investigate the effects of values of α on the channel flow. It is found when α increases from 0.1 to 4, there is an increase in pressure drop in the flow. The fluid-porous interface velocity decreases and the maximum velocity at the center line of the channel increases as α increases from 0.1 to 4.
Health, Cognition and Work Capacity Beyond the Age of 50. International Evidence on the Extensive and Intensive Margin of Work

The rising cost of old-age dependency in Europe and elsewhere invariably leads to reforms aimed at raising the effective age or retirement. But do older individuals have the health/cognitive capacity to work longer? Following Cutler et al. (2012), this paper asks how much older individuals could work if they worked as much as their younger (50-54) counterparts in similar health/with equal cognitive performance. Contrary to existing papers, this one uses international, European, comparable panel evidence available in the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE). It considers both physical health and cognition; and health consists of subjective and objective measures. Also, it examines the extensive and intensive margins of work (employment and hours): existing papers only consider the former. Results are essentially fivefold. First, declines in health significantly affect employment. Second, the impact on hours is statistical significant but of much smaller magnitude. People suffering from ill health rarely adjust hours; they rather stop working altogether. Third, cognition is not fundamentally affected by ageing, and it adds little to our capacity to predict how work capacity evolves with age. Fourth, identification issues exist and must be addressed. They comprise unobserved heterogeneity across respondents, justification bias or proxying/measurement errors regarding health. Finally, declining health/cognition explain at most 31% of the actual labour supply reduction between 50 and 70. This confirms the existence of a, currently largely underused, work capacity among older individuals.
Isolation and Characterization of Extracellular Vesicles from Arabidopsis thaliana Cell Culture and Investigation of the Specificities of Their Biogenesis

Over recent years, extracellular vesicles (EVs), commonly termed exosomes, have gained prominence for their potential as natural nanocarriers. It has now been recognized that plants also secrete EVs. Despite this discovery, knowledge about EV biogenesis in plant cell cultures remains limited. In our study, we have isolated and meticulously characterized EVs from the callus culture of the model plant, Arabidopsis thaliana. Our findings indicate that the abundance of EVs in calli was less than that in the plant’s apoplastic fluid. This difference was associated with the transcriptional downregulation of the endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT) genes in the calli cells. While salicylic acid increased the expression of ESCRT components, it did not enhance EV production. Notably, EVs from calli contained proteins essential for cell wall biogenesis and defense mechanisms, as well as microRNAs consistent with those found in intact plants. This suggests that plant cell cultures could serve as a feasible source of EVs that reflect the characteristics of the parent plant species. However, further research is essential to determine the optimal conditions for efficient EV production in these cultured cells.
Under consideration for publication in Formal Aspects of Computing A Language-Independent Proof System for Full Program Equivalence S ,

Two programs are fully equivalent if, for the same input, either they both diverge or they both terminate with the same result. Full equivalence is an adequate notion of equivalence for programs written in deterministic languages. It is useful in many contexts, such as capturing the correctness of program transformations within the same language, or capturing the correctness of compilers between two different languages. In this paper we introduce a language-independent proof system for full equivalence, which is parametric in the operational semantics of two languages and in a state-similarity relation. The proof system is sound: a proof tree establishes the full equivalence of the programs given to it as input. We illustrate it on two programs in two different languages (an imperative one and a functional one), that both compute the Collatz sequence. The Collatz sequence is an interesting case study since it is not known weather the sequence terminates or not; nevertheless, our proof system shows that the two programs are fully equivalent (even if we cannot establish termination or divergence of either one).
Abstract Template

The commercial CFD program STAR-CCM+ was used to compute the stage-discharge curve for the spillway of the Innerdalen Hydropower Dam in Norway. The spillway consisted of first a free overflow section and then a system of tunnels where the flow could be pressurized. Air entrainment and negative pressures caused the flow physics to be fairly complex. The computer program solved the Navier-Stokes equations with the k-epsilon and k-omega turbulence model. A volume of fluid method was used to determine the water surface location. Several types of non-orthogonal unstructured grids were tested. The results were compared with experimental values from a physical model study. Parameter tests were done on roughness, turbulence model, time steps and grids. The results show that the numerical model predicts the free flow section very well, with an accuracy less than 5 %. For higher discharges where the tunnel is limiting the discharge, the accuracy is between 0 and 10 %.
Abstract Template

In this study, crude glycerol from the biodiesel industry was tested as a co-substrate in biogas production. To investigate the influence of crude glycerol and the underlying trace element (TE) content on the efficiency of biomethane production, a batch experiment using Automatic Methane Potential Test System (AMPTS II) was carried out. The single addition of crude glycerol significantly contributed only to the total content of K (14.4%), Si (17.3%), and P (11.6%), whereas the contributions of other metals were within the range of other substrates. The addition of crude glycerol increased biomethane production, however, its utilization beyond 1% of total volume resulted in prolonged lag phase and final cessation of biomethane production. The negative effects of inorganic salts present in crude glycerol were reflected in progressively diminishing parts of glycerol and methanol being utilized in its anaerobic digestion, posing serious problems for daily routine use. A nonlinear least square regression analysis was performed to fit the Gompertz, Logistic, Transfer, and Richards models to biomethane production. The most suitable model was the Richards model, exhibiting the best fit to the experimental curves for complex substrates. Glycerol fractions remaining after biodiesel production have to be pre-tested for their negative effects on the content of TEs and inorganic salts, lag phase in biogas production, before they are used as co-substrates in biogas production phase.
Central Line-Associated Bloodstream Infection Risk Factors in a Pediatric Population

Background Central venous line (CVL) placement in children is often necessary for treatment and may be complicated by central line-associated bloodstream infection (CLABSI). We hypothesize that line type and clinical and demographic factors at line placement impact CLABSI rates. Methods This is a single-institution case-control study of pediatric patients (≤18 years old) admitted between January 1, 2015, and December 31, 2019. Case patients had a documented CLABSI. Control patients had a CVL placed during the study period and were matched by sex and age in a 2:1 ratio. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed. Results We identified 78 patients with a CLABSI and 140 patients without a CLABSI. After controlling for pertinent covariates, patients undergoing tunneled or non-tunneled CVL had higher odds of CLABSI than those undergoing PICC (OR 2.51, CI 1.12-5.64 and OR 3.88, CI 1.06-14.20 respectively), and patients undergoing port placement had decreased odds of CLABSI compared to PICC (OR .05, CI 0.01-.51). There were lower odds of CLABSI when lines were placed for intravenous medications compared to those placed for solid tumor malignancy (OR .15, CI .03-.79). Race and age were not statistically significant risk factors. Discussion Central lines placed for medication administration compared to solid tumors, PICC compared to tunneled and non-tunneled central lines, and ports compared to PICC were associated with lower odds of CLABSI. Future improvement efforts should focus on PICC and port placement in appropriate patients to decrease CLABSI rates.
Text Guided Person Image Synthesis

This paper presents a novel method to manipulate the visual appearance (pose and attribute) of a person image according to natural language descriptions. Our method can be boiled down to two stages: 1) text guided pose generation and 2) visual appearance transferred image synthesis. In the first stage, our method infers a reasonable target human pose based on the text. In the second stage, our method synthesizes a realistic and appearance transferred person image according to the text in conjunction with the target pose. Our method extracts sufficient information from the text and establishes a mapping between the image space and the language space, making generating and editing images corresponding to the description possible. We conduct extensive experiments to reveal the effectiveness of our method, as well as using the VQA Perceptual Score as a metric for evaluating the method. It shows for the first time that we can automatically edit the person image from the natural language descriptions.
Neuralogram: A Deep Neural Network Based Representation for Audio Signals

We propose the Neuralogram -- a deep neural network based representation for understanding audio signals which, as the name suggests, transforms an audio signal to a dense, compact representation based upon embeddings learned via a neural architecture. Through a series of probing signals, we show how our representation can encapsulate pitch, timbre and rhythm-based information, and other attributes. This representation suggests a method for revealing meaningful relationships in arbitrarily long audio signals that are not readily represented by existing algorithms. This has the potential for numerous applications in audio understanding, music recommendation, meta-data extraction to name a few.