Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Does Age of First Marriage Affect Stunting? (Ecological Analysis of the 2021 Family Data Collection and 2022 Nutritional Status Survey)

Adopting the WHO conceptual framework on stunting in children, the causes of stunting in growth and development are due to household and family factors, including maternal factors during pregnancy or before pregnancy, such as teenage pregnancy. This study uses the 2021 Family Data Collection (PK21) which has been verified and validated in 2022 (PK22), a census conducted by the Indonesian Population and Family Planning Agency . The prevalence of stunting uses data from the 2022 SSGI (Indonesian Nutrition Status Survey). To determine the relationship between age at first marriage and the prevalence of stunting, this study used 38 districts in East Java Province as the unit of analysis. Based on PK21 and verval data, families at risk of stunting are defined as families at risk of giving birth to stunted children. While the dependent variable is selected from data on the number of couples who meet the requirements who are married under age (under 19 years). This research is an observational research that is analytic in nature. Bivariate analysis was performed using Spearman's correlation analysis. From the results of the analysis it was found that there was a relationship between the prevalence of marriage age and the prevalence of stunting in East Java with a p value = 0.005. This means that the higher the prevalence of young marriages in a district, the higher the prevalence of stunting. Therefore, increasing the age of first marriage is a very important measure to end child marriage.
Changes in native and nonnative fish assemblages and habitat following wildfire in the Bitterroot River basin, Montana

Wildfire frequency and severity have increased over the past decade but few studies have assessed the effects of large, intense fires on native salmonids in the Intermountain West. I utilized a unique data set with 1-11 years of pre-fire population data in 24 small streams in the Bitterroot River basin in western Montana to determine if habitat changes caused by a large (1,108 km) wildfire and associated debris flows favored nonnative brook trout Salvelinus fontinalis over native westslope cutthroat trout Oncorhynchus clarkii lewisii and bull trout S. confluentus. I used before-after controlimpact (BACI) and extensive post-treatment study designs to determine whether changes in species abundance and habitat increased with increasing burn severity and debris flows. Species abundance was estimated preand post-fire with mark-recapture electrofishing and habitat conditions post-fire were assessed by measuring substrate, temperature, large woody debris, and habitat type. Stream temperature and sedimentation generally increased with burn severity whereas habitat complexity decreased with increasing burn severity and presence of debris flows. However, recovery of native trout populations was rapid with populations approaching or surpassing predisturbance levels within three years. In contrast, brook trout recovery was less apparent especially in debris flow reaches as the proportion of brook trout to the total salmonid assemblage decreased each year post-fire. However, one notable exception occurred in a high burn severity reach on Rye Creek, where brook trout increased by 499% and apparently replaced bull trout. Model results indicated that brook trout abundance was negatively related to stream gradient, elevation, and the proportion of a basin that was burned and positively related to watershed area, water temperature, and pool frequency. Spread of nonnative species to reaches where undetected pre-fire (n = 7) occurred irrespective of wildfire disturbance with brown trout Salmo trutta being the primary invading species (n = 5) and only one occurrence of brook trout and rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss invasion. Although changes in aquatic habitat following wildfire have the potential to favor nonnative fishes, connected cutthroat trout and bull trout populations in the Bitterroot River basin were resilient to disturbance and generally recovered more rapidly than nonnative brook trout.
Treatment of typical South African milking parlour wastewater by means of anaerobic sequencing batch reactor technology.

Due to the growing demands for fresh and clean water, the investigation into the treatment, reuse and recycling of wastewater from all industries are becoming more of a priority, both globally and in South Africa where as much as 62 % of the total water used per year is used by the agricultural sector. The investigation into the recycling and reuse of wastewater in the agricultural sector (especially the dairy farming industry) is therefore no exception. The water usage in five typical South African milking parlours was estimated in this study and ranged from 15 to 51 L.cow. day. However, the water used for the cleaning in place (CIP) washing of the milking equipment were rather similar in all five milking parlours and ranged between 4.9 and 6.4 L.cow. day. The possibility of handling and treating the CIP wastewater separately from the rest of the milking parlour wastewater has been considered in the past by other researchers. Anaerobic digestion, as a means of treating wastewater from the dairy industry, has been employed successfully in both full scale and laboratory scale projects. The wastewater from equipment washing of milking parlours is assumed to have similar characteristic to that generated from dairy factories. The anaerobic sequencing batch reactor (ASBR) system is gaining popularity as a wastewater treatment technology lately due to its simplicity, ease of operation and compact design and is therefore expected to be a suitable and practical solution for dairy farmers in treating milking parlour wastewater from equipment washing. Investigation into anaerobic treatment at lower temperatures than the conventional mesophilic range is also becoming of interest due to lower energy requirements. The aim of this study was to determine whether the ASBR technology could be considered as a suitable technology for treating wastewater from the CIP washing of milking parlour equipment. To support this study, the water usage and CIP effluent generated at typical South African milking parlours were firstly verified. Subsequently, laboratory work entailed:
ENVIRONMENTAL CONTROL OF DIVERSITY, EVOLUTIONARY RATES AND TAXA LONGEVITIES IN ANTARCTIC NEOGENE RADIOLARIA

Antarctic Neogene deep sea sediments preserve excellent species-level records of faunal evolution that can be compared to equivalent records of environmental change from stable isotopes of carbon and oxygen, and to changes in the planktonic biota as recorded by carbonate/biosilica values in the sediment. A synthesis of paleoenvironmental data and radiolarian occurrence data from three authors analyses of ODP Legs 119 and 120 to the Kerguelen Plateau shows an inverse correlation between overall radiolarian diversity and the inferred productivity of the environment. Higher diversity, spumellarian (presumed partly symbiont bearing) faunas are seen in lower productivity, earlier Neogene carbonate phytoplankton rich sediment, but give way to lower diversity, presumably deeper dwelling, nassellarian dominated faunas (mostly without symbionts) in the later Neogene, in synchrony with the development of higher productivity in the late Neogene Southern Ocean. Major turnover events and increases in average extinction rates are associated with the mid-Miocene (ca. 15-13 Ma) and end-Miocene (ca. 7-4 Ma) increased glaciation and increased productivity shifts on or around Antarctica. Species longevities also decrease substantially during the Neogene, a phenomenon not previously reported for Cenozoic microfossils. In older sediments a bimodal distribution of taxon longevities is observed, although this latter phenomenon may be an artifact of the data analysis. Although environmental change appears to be the primary determinant of evolutionary change in these faunas, biologically mediated secondary effects caused by change in the physical environment (e.g., productivity and nutrient availability), are inferred to be the proximal causes driving evolution.
The dynamics of climate change governance in Indonesia

in recent years, as described in other chapters in this book, the intention to mitigate greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions has been growing across a diverse range of non-Annex I countries. Often, these countries signal their intentions by announcing their commitments to Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Actions (NAMAs) in a list of policies and programmes that is submitted to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) Secretariat. Indonesia is no exception in this regard. At the 2009 Group of 20 (G20) meeting in Pittsburgh, the president of Indonesia announced for the first time the country’s national commitment to mitigating CO2 emissions, particularly through the reduction of deforestation rates and forest degradation. It stated that Indonesia ‘will reduce its annual emissions by 26 per cent by 2020 from BAU (Business As Usual)’, and that, with international support, the country ‘could reduce emissions by as much as 41 per cent’ (Yudhoyono 2009). Indonesia was among the first non-Annex I countries to make such a commitment (Jotzo 2012), and it was subsequently submitted to the UNFCCC Secretariat as the country’s NAMA on 30 January 2010. It was, nevertheless, a surprising move, and, domestically, was not well understood. Until that point, there had been important national discussions of Indonesia’s contribution to global CO2 emissions, but discussions of the kinds of programmes that should be adopted, if any, had been limited. The international community embraced this commitment by promising funding and technical assistance to facilitate and encourage Indonesia’s efforts. In May 2010, the government of Norway pledged to support Indonesia in its preparations for Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation Plus (REDD+) by promising US$1 billion conditional on Indonesia fulfilling certain tasks set out in a letter of intent (LOI) between the two countries. Within Indonesia, the commitment announced by the president was then translated into a national strategy for reducing CO2 emissions as well as related
Integration of multiple terminology bases: a multi-view alignment method using the hierarchical structure

Abstract Motivation In the medical field, multiple terminology bases coexist across different institutions and contexts, often resulting in the presence of redundant terms. The identification of overlapping terms among these bases holds significant potential for harmonizing multiple standards and establishing unified framework, which enhances user access to comprehensive and well-structured medical information. However, the majority of terminology bases exhibit differences not only in semantic aspects but also in the hierarchy of their classification systems. The conventional approaches that rely on neighborhood-based methods such as GCN may introduce errors due to the presence of different superordinate and subordinate terms. Therefore, it is imperative to explore novel methods to tackle this structural challenge. Results To address this heterogeneity issue, this paper proposes a multi-view alignment approach that incorporates the hierarchical structure of terminologies. We utilize BERT-based model to capture the recursive relationships among different levels of hierarchy and consider the interaction information of name, neighbors, and hierarchy between different terminologies. We test our method on mapping files of three medical open terminologies, and the experimental results demonstrate that our method outperforms baseline methods in terms of Hits@1 and Hits@10 metrics by 2%. Availability and implementation The source code will be available at https://github.com/Ulricab/Bert-Path upon publication.
Crustal structure in the eastern Colorado Plateaus Provence from seismic-refraction measurements

Abstract A reversed seismic-refraction profile was recorded in the Colorado Plateaus province from Hanksville, Utah, to Chinle, Arizona. The velocity of P g is 6.2 km/sec, and the velocity of P n is 7.8 km/sec. Waves identified as reflections indicate that an intermediate layer in the crust has a velocity of approximately 6.8 km/sec. Thickness of the crust is 43 km at Chinle and 40 km at Hanksville. The P n velocity in the Colorado Plateaus province is the same as that in the Basin and Range province, but is significantly lower than P n velocity in the High Plains of Colorado.
An isotopic investigation into calving seasonality, diet and dairying in British Prehistoric cattle. Reconstructing animal husbandry at a sub-annual resolution using multi-isotope analysis and intra-tooth sampling.

The detection of dairying is essential to understand prehistoric economies, particularly in northwest Europe, where a high degree of lactose tolerance implies that fresh milk has long been a significant dietary component. Domestic cattle (Bos taurus) are biologically able to breed year-round, potentially enabling farmers to select a calving strategy to suit their economic focus. Published literature and interviews with farmers suggests that spring calving would have been favoured by economies focussed on meat or storable dairy products, whereas the year-round provision of fresh milk would have required two calving seasons, in spring and autumn, or an extended period through spring, summer and autumn. This thesis uses intra-tooth isotope ratio analysis of cattle tooth enamel to predict birth seasonality as an indicator of dairying. Analysis was performed on first, second and third cattle molars from the archaeological sites of Mine Howe, Pool and Earl’s Bu (Iron Age and Viking period Orkney), Old Scatness (Iron Age Shetland) and Grimes Graves (Bronze Age Norfolk). Modern molars from Chillingham Wild White cattle were also analysed. A new method to determine cattle birth seasonality has been proposed utilising the isotopic patterning (δC, δO) recorded within first and second molar enamel. Results suggest that birth seasonality estimates are of sufficient accuracy to discriminate between single-and multiple-season calving. Although Pool and Grimes Graves have been interpreted as dairying sites from their age-at-death slaughter patterns, birth seasonality predictions imply an economy focussed on year-round fresh milk at Pool but an emphasis on storable dairy products at Grimes Graves. In addition, it has been demonstrated that intra-tooth enamel data can provide information regarding sub-annual variation in diet and environment. A new method to investigate weaning strategy has also been proposed.
LITHOLOGY OFTHE LOWER PART OF QULQULA RADIOLARIAN FORMATION (EARLY CRETACEOUS), KURDISTAN REGION, NE IRAQ

The lower part of the Qulqula (Radiolarian) Formation is studied in the Thrust Zone, Northeast Iraq (Kurdistan Region) near the border with Iran. The lower part consists of alternation of more than four detrital limestone successions����each about 25 m thick � � with thick intervals of bedded chert and shale. The limestones are mainly of distinctly bedded and shallow marine in origin. The four successions have nearly the same lithology of peloid, ooid, lithoclastic and bioclastic grainstone and packstone, with rare mudstone and wackstone. The matrix consists mostly of blocky cement and minor amount of micrite (lime mud). Previously mentioned,�that the lower part of the Qulqula (Radiolarian) Formation overlies the Balambo and Kometan formations and a conglomerate bed (0.2-2 m thick) separates the two formations. In the present study, the origin of this conglomeratic bed is studied and inferred that it belongs to Tanjero Formation. It is found that, with the conglomerate, slices of the Shiranish Formation occur below the lower part of the Qulqula Formation. The conglomerate is traced (surveyed) for about 30 Km continuously in the field, from Said Sadiq town to Chuwarta town. At 6 Km to the east of Chuwarta town, the conglomeratic bed combines lithologically and stratigraphically with the conglomerate beds of the lower part of Tanjero Formation (Maastrichtian). The� lithology of both conglomerate are similar. Both of them consist of variegated chert and limestone clasts. Therefore, it is thought that has the sameage and origin and belongs to Late Cretaceous Tanjero Formation� This is inferred by observing lateral combining and similar lithologies of the two conglomerates. The only difference is that the conglomerate of Tanjero Formation is characterized by better roundness and sorting than the concerned conglomerate in the present study. The difference is attributed to more closeness to the source area. The occurrence of Shiranish Formation and conglomeratic bed of Tanjero Formation below Qulqula Formation is attributed to thrusting of the latter formation above the formers.
Effect of 20-ppm ozone and 1% chlorhexidine gels on plaque index and Streptococcus mutans counts in the dental plaque in 6–12-year-old children: A randomized, double-blind clinical trial

Background. One of the methods to control dental caries is to use ozone. Since it is difficult for children to use mouthwashes, the present study aimed to evaluate 20-ppm zone and 1% chlorhexidine (CHX) gels’ effects on the plaque index and Streptococcus mutans counts in 6–12-year-old children. Methods. In the present double-blind clinical trial, 165 children, 6–12 years of age, referring to the Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Tabriz Faculty of Dentistry, were selected based on inclusion and exclusion criteria and randomly assigned to three groups: ozone gel, CHX gel, and control. The subjects were instructed to place an adequate amount of the gels on all the surfaces of their teeth with one clean finger. The patients and evaluators were blinded to the study groups. The plaque index and S. mutans counts in plaque samples were determined before intervention and three weeks after intervention on the buccal surface of the most posterior maxillary tooth (left or right). S. mutans counts were determined by culture. STATA software version 14 was used for statistical analyses using Wilcoxon, Kruskal-Wallis, and post hoc Dum tests. Statistical significance was defined at P<0.05. Results. The 20-ppm ozone and 1% CHX gels significantly decreased dental plaque compared to the control group (P<0.05), and their effects were similar (P>0.05). These gels significantly decreased the colonies and bacterial counts of S. mutans (P<0.05). Conclusion. The performance of 20-ppm ozone gel in decreasing the dental plaque and S. mutans counts was similar to 1% CHX gel.
Knowledge transfer and superior performance in entrepreneurial SMEs in emerging countries: the mediating role of absorption and learning capabilities

ABSTRACT The existing empirical evidence indicates that the relationship between knowledge transfer and performance presents mixed results and that it is not conclusive, thus it is necessary to understand the underlying mechanisms that could explain why many SMEs that transfer external knowledge fail to take advantage of this knowledge to improve their performance. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the role of absorption capacity (AC) and organizational learning capability (OLC) in the relationship between knowledge transfer (KT) and performance (P) at SMEs in emerging countries, a context in which there is little empirical evidence. The data analysis was performed using structural equations. The results confirm that the relationship between KT and P is not significant and that AC and OLC play a mediating role in the relationship between KT and P. Based on these results, SME managers that transfer knowledge should develop absorption and learning capabilities to achieve superior performance.
The origin of Triassic/Jurassic kimberlite magmatism, Canada: Two mantle sources revealed from the Sr‐Nd isotopic composition of groundmass perovskite

The crystallization ages and the Sr and Nd isotopic compositions of groundmass perovskite from a well‐established, SE trending, Triassic‐Jurassic corridor of kimberlite magmatism in central and eastern North America were determined to investigate the origin of this magmatism. The results obtained from kimberlite fields located along this corridor are interpreted to indicate that at least two distinct mantle sources contributed to this magmatism. The most primitive Rankin Inlet and Timiskaming kimberlites have a relatively unradiogenic strontium isotopic signature (0.7032–0.7036), interpreted to be derived from recycled and metasomatized oceanic lithosphere in the deep mantle. In contrast, the Attawapiskat and Kirkland Lake kimberlites have CHUR‐like (Chondritic Uniform Reservoir) signatures (0.7040–0.7042) interpreted to have an origin in the asthenosphere. The progressive decrease in the age of magmatism from the Triassic Rankin Inlet kimberlites to the Miocene Great Meteor seamount, combined with the similarity in the isotopic composition of these diverse magmas along the proposed >3000 km long hot spot track, provides strong evidence in support of a common mantle plume origin for both the continental and oceanic components.
Tropical Warm Pool Surface Heat Budgets and Temperature: Contrasts between 1997/98 El Nino and 1998/99 La Nina

Seasonal to interannual variations of the net surface heating ( FNET) and its relationship to sea surface temperature tendency (dTs/dt) in the tropical eastern Indian and western Pacific Oceans are studied for the period October 1997‐September 2000. The surface heat fluxes are derived from the Special Sensor Microwave Imager and Japanese Geostationary Meteorological Satellite radiance measurements. It is found that the magnitude of solar heating is larger than that of evaporative cooling, but the spatial variation of the latter is significantly larger than the former. As a result, the spatial patterns of the seasonal and interannual variability of FNET are dominated by the variability of evaporative cooling. Seasonal variations of FNET and dTs/dt are significantly correlated, except for the equatorial western Pacific. The high correlation is augmented by the high negative correlation between solar heating and evaporative cooling.
Biomass Production and Carbon Sequestration by Pongamia pinnata (Linn) Pierre in Tropical Environment

The significance of role of biomass of tree species in carbon sequestration has long been recognized. In the present paper, attempts have been made to work out biomass accumulation and carbon sequestration by Pongamia pinnata (Linn) Pierre raised on coal mine overburden of Northern Coal Field Limited, Singrauli (India), adopting non harvest technique. The age of plantation varied from 2 to 18 years. The correlation between basal area vs volume, dbh vs volume and basal area vs total biomass was found to be significant. In terms of vertical and horizontal growth, Pongamia pinnata proved as an efficient species. The net biomass production and carbon sequestration of Pongamia pinnata showed increasing trend with the age of plantations.