Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Weichselian deglaciation model applied to the Early Permian glaciation in the northeast Karoo Basin, South Africa

It generally is assumed that the Early Permian Gondwana deglaciation in South Africa started with a collapse of the marine ice‐sheet. The northeast part of the Karoo Basin became ice‐free as a result of this collapse. The deglaciation here probably took place under temperate glacial conditions. Three glacial phases have been identified. Phase 1: the marine ice retreat of 400 km over the northeast Karoo Basin, which may have been completed over a few thousand years. The glaciers grounded in the shallower areas around the shore of the basin. Phase 2: the smaller, now mainly continental ice‐sheet here re‐stabilised and remained more or less stationary for several tens of thousand years. During this phase, between 50 and 200 m of massive glaciomarine mud with dropstones accumulated in the open, marine basin that became ice‐free during Phase 1. Isostatic uplift, as a response to the first rapid deglaciation phase, can be traced in the inland part of the region. Phase 3: the final deglaciation may have taken 10 to 20 kyr. After this time no new ice sheet was built up over southern Africa. The entire Early Permian deglaciation of the northeast Karoo Basin was completed within thousands rather than millions of years. Phases 1 and 3 had lengths similar to typical Quaternary deglaciations, whereas Phase 2 was a long, stable phase, more similar to a full Quaternary glaciation. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Evaluation of Sequestering Agents for Cadmium Contaminated Soils

A goal of in situ remediation is environmental risk reduction through control of the fraction of toxic elements that are potentially mobile or bioavailable. This study evaluated the efficacy of various sequestering agents in reducing Cd availability in contaminated soil. Sequestering agents reduced metal mobility by decreasing the mobile fraction of Cd and increasing its value in the stable fractions. The effectiveness of applied sequestering agents was also evaluated by the availability indices such as bioavailability factor (BF), recalcitrant factor (RF), and the transfer factor (TF). Results from this study indicated that sequestering agent application to metal contaminated soil resulted in decreased values for BF and TF. Such improvements suggest promising remediation techniques and the application of availability indices to risk assessment and monitoring.
Spatiotemporal variability of the relation between African Easterly Waves and West African Squall Lines in 1998 and 1999

[1] This study investigates the spatiotemporal variability of the relationship between African Easterly Waves (AEWs) and the lifecycle and characteristics of Squall Lines (SLs) over West Africa for the two six-month periods May–October 1998 and 1999. In all, 81 AEWs have been tracked using analyses from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) and 344 SLs have been identified by localizing their leading edges mainly from passive microwave rain rate retrievals. It is found that the area west of the AEW trough is a favorable location for SL generation over the entire tropical West Africa. In the Sahel, a secondary peak around the region of maximum AEW-related southerlies is observed. In these wave phases, 42% of all 344 SLs were identified and defined as “AEW-forced”. According to this definition, the contribution of AEWs to SL generation increases from 20% around 15°E to 68% at the West African coast (15°W), and is larger for the Sahel than for the Guinea Coast/Soudanian region. Furthermore, the impact of AEWs on SL genesis is greater at the height of the Sahelian rainy season (July–September) than in the remaining early and late monsoon months. Few SLs form after midnight and in the morning hours, but if so, they mostly belong to the sample of AEW-forced SLs. Since AEW-forced SLs exhibit no extraordinary characteristics (lifetime, propagation speed, size, and rain rate) compared to the remaining SLs, it is suggested that the impact of AEWs is largely restricted to SL initiation and organization processes. Finally, some potential physical mechanisms responsible for the AEW/SL genesis relationship are discussed.
Glacio-eustatic control on deep-marine clastic forearc sedimentation, Pliocene-mid-Pleistocene (c. 1180–600 ka) Kazusa Group, SE Japan

Glacio-eustasy has been shown to be a primary control on sedimentation in the open ocean and along passive continental margins, but its importance in clastic-dominated deep-marine sequences at active plate margins remains poorly understood. In order to test the relative importance of glacio-eustasy at tectonically active plate margins during times of substantial polar ice, a high-resolution δ1SO and δ13C record from planktonic foraminifera (Globorotalia inflata) was undertaken from the Plio-Pleistocene (c. 1180–600 ka) Kazusa Group, a forearc basin fill, onland SE Japan. This was combined with a high-resolution study of the magnetic susceptibility, total organic carbon, and %CaCO3 in order to evaluate the response to any glacio-eustatic changes in continental-margin sedimentary processes. The sections reveal globally recognized glacial-interglacial cycles, with sandy intervals correlating with inferred glacials, suggesting that relative sea-level changes during glacial-interglacial cycles exerted the primary control on sediment accumulation in the deep-marine forearc basin. Cross-spectral analysis of δ18O and δ 13C data from the inter-turbidite hemipelagic and pelagic mudstones reveals Milankovitch control both at precession and eccentricity modes, with a shift in their relative importance at about 900 ka. The results of this study have important implications for stratigraphers and sedimentologists because they show that at times when there is substantial polar ice: (1) the main control on sediment accumulation at active plate margins is glacio-eustatic, and (2) support the sequence stratigraphic paradigm developed from passive continental margins that global sea-level changes exert a primary control on siliciclastic deposition.
Assessment of Historical Climate Trends of Surface Air Temperature in CMIP5 Models

Abstract This study assesses the historical climate trends of surface air temperature (SAT), their spatial distributions, and the hindcast skills for SAT during 1901–2000 from 24 Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMTP5) models. For the global averaged SAT, most of the models (17/24) effectively captured the increasing trends (0.64°C/century for the ensemble mean) as the observed values (∼ 0.6°C/century) during the period of 1901–2000, particularly during a rapid warming period of 1970–2000 with the small model spread. In addition, most of the models (22/24) showed high hindcast skills (the correlation coefficient, R > 0.8). For the spatial pattern of SAT, the models better simulated the relatively larger warming at the middle-to-high latitudes in the Northern Hemisphere than that in the Southern Hemisphere and the greater warming on the land than that in the ocean between 40°S and 40°N. The simulations underestimated the warming along some ocean boundaries but overestimated warming in the Arctic Ocean. Most of the coupled models were able to reproduce the large—scale features of SAT trends in most regions excluding Antarctica, some parts of the Pacific Ocean, the North Atlantic Ocean near Greenland, the southwestern Indian Ocean, and the Arctic Ocean. The outgoing longwave radiation (OLR) and incoming shortwave radiation (ISR) at the top of the atmosphere (TOA) and the downward longwave (LW) radiation and sensible heat flux at the surface had positive contributions to the increasing trends in most of the models.
The Influence of Demographic and Job-related Characteristics on Nurses’ Compassion Satisfaction and Fatigue

Introduction: Growing stress and declining job satisfaction are the major challenges in nursing. Demographic and work-related factors may influence nurses’ compassion satisfaction and fatigue levels. Therefore, the study examined the impact of demographic and occupational factors on nurses’ professional quality of life. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 172 nurses working in two tertiary care hospitals in Pokhara using proportionate stratified random sampling. Data was gathered using the Professional Quality of Life (ProQOL) scale version 5 in September 2019. SPSS was used for bivariate and multivariate analysis to determine a significant relationship between socio-demographic and work-related variables and three professional quality-of-life subscales. The ethical approval was taken from the Institutional Review Committee (IRC) of Pokhara University (Reference Number: 83-075-76). Results: Most of the participants showed an average level of compassion satisfaction (79.1%, n=136), burnout (77.9%, n=134), and secondary traumatic stress (85.5%, n=147). The study revealed a significant mean difference between demographic characteristics (marital status and having children at home) and three professional quality of life subscales. Similarly, the study did not yield significant mean differences between the work-related variables and three professional quality-of-life subscales. Conclusion: Nurses in tertiary care hospitals exhibited moderate to high levels of compassion satisfaction while experiencing moderate to low levels of burnout and secondary traumatic stress. Despite moderate to low levels of burnout and secondary traumatic stress, it is imperative to address these issues as they have the potential to lead to medical errors and compromise patient care standards.
Evaluation of wheat cultivars for slow rusting resistance in Guji zone, Southern Oromia

Evaluation of Eleven and local bread wheat cultivars evaluated for slow rusting resistance was conducted in Bore district of southern Oromia during the main cropping season of 2011 under natural epidemics at Bore Agricultural Research site. Field evaluation of slow rusting resistance was assessed through Incidence, disease severity (DS), AUDPC and rAUDPC. Results of mean comparison of final rust severity, AUDPC and rAUDPC indicating that the cultivars; PBW343, Kubsa, Hawi, local and Galema had highest final rust severity (FRS) and rAUDPC and susceptible infection (4) at the later growth stage. Shorima, Danda`a, Kakaba, ET13A2 and Digalu had moderately resistance to moderately susceptible infection type at later growth stage. However, disease development on this cultivar was very slow compared to the highly susceptible cultivars. That why these cultivars had low disease severity, low AUDPC and rAUDPC, that is, up to 70% of susceptible cultivars and they could have probably slow rusting resistance. Cultivar ETBW5496 had no any infection and thus selected as immune or resistance cultivar. Key words: Slow rusting, rAUDPC, Oromia.
The man in the principal's office;: An ethnography

Part 1 Preface, 2003 Part 2 Preface and Acknowledgements, 1973 Part 3 About the Author Chapter 4 Chapter 1: A Principal Investigator in Search of a Principal Chapter 5 Chapter 2: A Day in the Life Chapter 6 Chapter 3: The Principal as a Person Chapter 7 Chapter 4: The School and Community Chapter 8 Chapter 5: What a Principal Does: Formal Encounters Chapter 9 Chapter 6: What a Principal Does: Informal Encounters and Daily Routines Chapter 10 Chapter 7: The Annual Cycle of the Principalship Chapter 11 Chapter 8: Maintaining the System: The Socialization of the Principal Chapter 12 Chapter 9: Maintaining the System: The Principal as Socializer Chapter 13 Chapter 10: Behind Many Masks Chapter 14 Chapter 11: Patience and Prudence Part 15 Epilogue: Reactions and Reflections
Characteristics and evaluation of atherosclerotic plaques: an overview of state-of-the-art techniques

Atherosclerosis is an important cause of cerebrovascular and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Lipid infiltration, inflammation, and altered vascular stress are the critical mechanisms that cause atherosclerotic plaque formation. The hallmarks of the progression of atherosclerosis include plaque ulceration, rupture, neovascularization, and intraplaque hemorrhage, all of which are closely associated with the occurrence of CVD. Assessing the severity of atherosclerosis and plaque vulnerability is crucial for the prevention and treatment of CVD. Integrating imaging techniques for evaluating the characteristics of atherosclerotic plaques with computer simulations yields insights into plaque inflammation levels, spatial morphology, and intravascular stress distribution, resulting in a more realistic and accurate estimation of plaque state. Here, we review the characteristics and advancing techniques used to analyze intracranial and extracranial atherosclerotic plaques to provide a comprehensive understanding of atheroma.
Urbanization Effect on the Diurnal Temperature Range: Different Roles under Solar Dimming and Brightening*

AbstractBased on the 1960–2009 meteorological data from 559 stations across China, the urbanization effect on the diurnal temperature range (DTR) was evaluated in this study. Different roles of urbanization were specially detected under solar dimming and solar brightening. During the solar dimming time, both urban and rural stations showed decreasing trends in maximum temperature (Tmax) because of decreased radiation, suggesting that the dimming effects are not only evident in urban areas but also in rural areas. However, minimum temperature (Tmin) increased more substantially in urban areas than in rural areas during the dimming period, resulting in a greater decrease in the DTR in the urban areas. When the radiation reversed from dimming to brightening, the change in the DTR became different. The Tmax increased faster in rural areas, suggesting that the brightening could be much stronger in rural areas than in urban areas. Similar trends of Tmin between urban and rural areas appeared during the brighten.
Living arrangements, health lifestyles, and health outcomes among Chinese oldest-old

Background Prior literature has documented a strong correlation between living arrangements and older adults' health outcomes. However, few studies have explained why this association exists. This study took the health lifestyle theory approach and brought health lifestyles into the link between living arrangements and Chinese oldest-old health outcomes. It examined (1) whether healthy lifestyle behaviors among the oldest-old varied by household contexts and (2) whether the health disparities among the Chinese oldest-old in different household contexts could be partially explained by their healthy lifestyles. Methods Using the most recent 2018 data released by the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS), latent class analysis was applied to identify predominant health lifestyles among the Chinese oldest-old aged 85-105 years. Regression analyses were used to test the mediating effect of health lifestyles. Results Three distinct classes representing the health lifestyles of Chinese oldest-old emerged; health lifestyle patterns were found to vary by elders' living arrangements. The respondent's health lifestyles in diverse residential structures served as a mediator which can partially explain the health disparities among the oldest-old. Conclusion The results suggested that health lifestyles can serve as a mediator to explain the association between oldest-old living arrangement patterns and their health outcomes. The findings highlighted the importance of family, lifestyles, and cultural contexts to the health of the oldest-old.
The occurrence and origin of Late Paleozoic remagnetization in the sedimentary rocks of North America

Although it has been known for 25 years that some Paleozoic sedimentary rock units in Europe and North America were remagnetized during Pennsylvanian or Permian time, it is only very recently that the complex and widespread nature of the late Paleozoic remagnetization phenomenon has been generally acknowledged. It is now recognized that many Paleozoic paleomagnetic poles for North America that were once considered reliable are in fact the result of remagnetization, and as a consequence the paleomagnetic data base for the Paleozoic is undergoing rapid and drastic revision. The causes of late Paleozoic remagnetization in North America are currently the focus of much interest and active research. The remagnetization can reside in either hematite or magnetite, and different remagnetization mechanisms have been important in different settings. Chemical remagnetization processes, some related to specific diagenetic events, are dominant in hematite-bearing sandstones and carbonates. In magnetite-bearing carbonates both chemical and thermoviscous remagnetization processes appear to have been important, but it is difficult to determine which process is the dominant one in some settings. Some of the observed remagnetizations can be linked to the migration of chemically active and perhaps hot fluids during the mountain-building events that affected much of the continent during the late Paleozoic. Paleomagnetic studies promise to be important in assessing the role of orogeny in driving fluid migrations within sedimentary basins and in constraining the age of the migrations and the nature of the fluids.
Vegetation characteristics and soil loss by wind

ABSTRACT: In a laboratory wind tunnel study the relationship between soil loss; wind velocity; and the number, height, and diameter of plant stalks was determined. Wood dowels were used to simulate standing vegetation. The dowels protruded above the soil surface and were placed in a removable tray for testing in the wind tunnel. Tests were performed with dowels 3 mm (.12 inch) or 7 mm (.28 inch) in diameter and 50, 150, or 250 mm (2, 6, or 10 inches) tall. The number of stalks tested varied from 20 to 400 stalks/m2 (1.9 to 37 stalk d square foot). Soil loss from the “vegetated” tests was compared to soil loss from a bare soil. Adjusting free-stream velocity (Uh) for threshold conditions (Ut) and using density (N), diameter (D), and height (H) of the dowels, 82% of the variation in soil loss (SL) could be explained by the equation SL = −3.396% + 298 (Uh-Ut)/(NDH). The results illustrate that even sparse standing vegetation can significantly reduce soil loss.
Africa's Discovery of Europe: 1450-1850

Brilliantly written and thoroughly engaging, the new edition of this groundbreaking book examines the full range of African-European encounters from an unfamiliar African perspective rather than from the customary European one. Updated to include new research, maps, and illustrations, Africa'sDiscovery of Europe, 1450-1850, Second Edition, concludes with an expanded epilogue that extends the themes of African-European commercial and cultural interaction to the present day. By featuring vivid life stories of individual Africans and drawing upon their many recorded sentiments, David Northrup presents African perspectives that persuasively challenge stereotypes about African-European relations as they unfolded in Africa, Europe, and the Atlantic world between 1450 and 1850. Acclaimed by students in classroom settings ranging from secondary schools to graduate colloquia, the text features thematically organized chapters that explore first impressions, religion and politics, commerce and culture, imported goods and technology, the Middle Passage, and Africans in Europe. In addition, Northrup offers a thoughtful examination of Africans' relations--intellectual, commercial, cultural, and sexual--with Europeans, tracing how the patterns of behavior that emerged from these encounters shaped pre-colonial Africa. The book concludes with an examination of the roles of race, class, and culture in early modern times, pointing out which themes in Africa's continuing discovery of Europe after 1850 were similar to earlier patterns, and why other themes were different. Brief, inexpensive, and accessible, the second edition of Africa's Discovery of Europe offers an insightful look at the tumultuous and enduring relations between these two continents.
Genome-Wide Evolutionary Characterization and Expression Analysis of Major Latex Protein (MLP) Family Genes in Tomato

Major latex proteins (MLPs) play a key role in plant response to abiotic and biotic stresses. However, little is known about this gene family in tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum). In this paper, we perform a genome-wide evolutionary characterization and gene expression analysis of the MLP family in tomatoes. We found a total of 34 SlMLP members in the tomato genome, which are heterogeneously distributed on eight chromosomes. The phylogenetic analysis of the SlMLP family unveiled their evolutionary relationships and possible functions. Furthermore, the tissue-specific expression analysis revealed that the tomato MLP members possess distinct biological functions. Crucially, multiple cis-regulatory elements associated with stress, hormone, light, and growth responses were identified in the promoter regions of these SlMLP genes, suggesting that SlMLPs are potentially involved in plant growth, development, and various stress responses. Subcellular localization demonstrated that SlMLP1, SlMLP3, and SlMLP17 are localized in the cytoplasm. In conclusion, these findings lay a foundation for further dissecting the functions of tomato SlMLP genes and exploring the evolutionary relationships of MLP homologs in different plants.
Development of an E-Module Based on Project Based Learning Material on the Human Circulatory System for Class V Elementary School

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan proses pengembangan dan untuk mendeskripsikan kelayakan produk hasil pengembangan. Pengembangan e-modul berbasis project based learning materi sistem peredaran darah manusia kelas V SD dilatarbelakangi oleh pembelajaran IPA di sekolah dasar yang pengajarannya masih menggunakan buku cetak, selain itu pembelajaran masih terpusat pada guru dan bukan siswa, sehingga pembelajaran terkesan membosankan, tidak menarik, dan monoton. Jenis penelitian ini adalah Research and Development (R&D) dengan model pengembangan 4D (Define, Design, Develop, dan Dissaminate). Pengumpulan data menggunakan dokumentasi dan angket. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dan pengembangan, diperoleh hasil bahwa proses pengembangan e-modul berbasis project based learning materi sistem peredaran darah manusia kelas V SD dilakukan melalui tiga tahap, yaitu define, design, dan develop. Proses pengembangan telah di validasi oleh ahli proses dan mendapatkan hasil 90%. Kelayakan pengembangan e-modul berbasis project based learning materi sistem peredaran darah manusia kelas V SD, validasi media memperoleh nilai kelayakan 88,75%, validasi kelayakan materi memperoleh nilai kelayakan 92%, dan validasi bahasa memperoleh nilai kelayakan 92,5%. Berdasarkan hasil yang diperoleh, maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa e-modul berbasis project based learning materi sistem peredaran darah manusia kelas V SD sangat layak digunakan.
Understorey fire propagation and tree mortality on adjacent areas to an Amazonian deforestation fire.

Fire characteristics in tropical ecosystems are poorly documented quantitatively in the literature. This paper describes an understorey fire propagating across the edges of a biomass burn of a cleared primary forest. The experiment was carried out in 2001 in the Amazon forest near Alta Floresta, state of Mato Grosso, Brazil, as part of biomass burning experiments conducted in the same area since 1997. The vegetation of a 200200-m 2 forested area was clear-cut in early June and burned in late August. The understorey fire that escaped from the main burn was monitored across the four sides of the land clearing area. Flame-front spread varied between 0.14 and 0.35mmin 1 . Maximum flame height was about 30cm and typical flame depth was 10 to 15cm. Tree mortality was investigated in 2003 in four areas adjacent to the biomass burning experiment. A total of 210 trees were counted in the four areas, 29.5% were dead as a consequence of the understorey fire that had occurred 2 years before. This fire-caused mortality is evidence of the synergistic effect between slash burning, tree mortality and future fire vulnerability on the forest-land clearing interfaces.