Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Corporate Governance and Overproduction for State Owned and Privately Owned Companies

This study investigates the relationship between corporate governance mechanisms and earnings manipulation by overproduction in state owned compared with privately owned companies. Abnormal production cost (APROD) is used to measure overproduction practices. An empirical model is developed in which the abnormal production cost represents the dependent variable. The APROD model is tested using a sample of manufacturing companies containing state-owned and privately-owned companies over the period from 2010 to 2017, with 743 firm–year observations. The results show that the board size, board independence, number of audit committee meetings, and financial expertise for audit committee members appear effective mechanisms for curbing manipulation using production costs in state-owned manufacturing companies. For privately-owned manufacturing companies, the results reveal that only board independence and number of audit committee meetings appear effective mechanisms in constraining manipulation using production costs.
Obstructive Sleep Apnea, Hypertension, and Cardiovascular Disease

Globally, cardiovascular disease (CVD) contributes majorly to increased morbidity and mortality. In addition to the research directed toward the development of newer and more effective treatments, there is also serious thought and research toward modifying risk factors for primary and secondary prevention of CVD. In the ongoing search for such modifiable risk factors, obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is one main risk factors for several CVDs such as hypertension (HTN), cardiac failure (CF), cardiac arrhythmias, and coronary artery disease. [1] In a society, where there is an ever-increasing aging population compounded with the obesity epidemic, OSA prevalence has increased by 30% and thereby its increased association with CVD. OSA is the repeated stoppage of inspiratory airflow due to oropharyngeal obstruction during sleep. It affects 34% of males and 17% of females in the USA. [2] This upper airway obstruction results in lack of oxygen, disturbance to sleep, and adrenergic nervous system stimulation. Consequently, there is a rise in blood pressure with tachycardia, vascular dysfunction, widespread inflammation, and resistance to insulin. All these changes are said to contribute to the development of CVD. [3] A large volume of evidence has accumulated in favor of OSA linking it to drugresistant HTN, coronary artery disease, congestive CF, and atrial fibrillation [Table 1].
EFFECT OF FOLIAR SPRAYING OF SOME CHELATED MICROELEMENTS ON GROWTH, YIELD AND CHOCOLATE SPOT DISEASE SEVERITY OF FABA BEAN

ABSTERACT: Field experiment using three faba bean cultivars namely Sakha 1, Sakha 4 and Giza 716 was carried out to study the efficacy of foliar spraying chelated Fe, Mn and Zn individually on vegetative growth, yield and its components, some biochemical constituents and its relation to chocolate spot disease severity caused by Botrytis fabae Sard. during two successive seasons 2017/2018 and 2018/2019 at Etay El-Baroud Agricultural Research Station Farm, El-Beheira Governorate. Sakha 1 cv. had the highest shoot dry weight and leaf area/plant in both seasons. Sakha 4 cv. was the earliest flowering and maturity in the first and second seasons, respectively. Sakha 4 cultivar had the tallest plant and the heaviest 100-seed weight in both seasons, but Giza 716 had the highest number of pods/plant, seed yield /plant and seed yield/fed. in the first season, however Sakha 4 cv. was surpassed the other cultivars in the second season. Chelated Fe, Mn and Zn foliar spray had excellent effects in increasing faba bean growth and yield compared to the fungicide Mancozeb and control treatments. Zn treatment significant increased mean values of shoot dry weight, leaf area/plant, number of branches/plant and seed yield/plant in both seasons. Also, it had the first grade in case of the plant height and seed yield/fed. in the first season, only. Fe treatment significantly increased number of pods/plant and 100-seed weight in the first season, and seed yield/fed. in the second season. Giza 716 cv. had the highest content of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and chlorophyll a+b in both seasons. Sakha 4 cv. had the highest percentage of the seed carbohydrates and protein contents. In case of peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase activities, Giza 716 cv. had the first grade. Fe significantly increased chlorophyll a in the first season and chlorophyll b and chlorophyll a + b in both seasons. Zn treatment significantly increased seeds total carbohydrates%, total protein %, leaves peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase activities. Sakha 1 cv. had the least chocolate spot disease severity in the first season and Giza 716 in the second season. The three tested faba bean cultivars sprayed with Mancozeb reduced disease severity in both seasons followed by Fe in the first season and Zn in the second one. Data clear that there were negative association between disease severity and peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase activities in all cases. So it could be concluded that the used micronutrients could resist the detrimental effects of Botrytis fabae on the plant growth and improve yield production.
Effect of antibiotic prophylaxis in open inguinal hernioplasty (Lichtenstein hernia repair): a study in tertiary care center

Background : Inguinal hernia is one of the most common presenting surgical problems of abdomen and open inguinal hernioplasty (Lichtenstein hernia repair) is one of the most commonly performed general surgeries. Many time hernia repairs may lead to surgical site complication. There are many strong and effective antibiotics available for prophylaxis from these infections. Aims and objectives of the study were to compare rate of wound infection in post-operative cases among antibiotics prophylaxis group and placebo group. Methods: A prospective study was conducted in tertiary care centres with 200 patients enrolled in study. These patients were equally divided in both groups that is antibiotics arm and placebo group. The patients were in between age group of 18-70 years. The study duration was one and half years. Patients were included as per inclusion criteria. Data was entered and analysed using appropriate software. Results : There were total 200 patients recruited in the study with 100 patients in each group. Mean age of patients was 47.92±8.32 years in antibiotic group and 48.09±9.12 years in placebo group. All patients were males and most of th patients belong to rural area. A total of 12 patients develop surgical site infection out of which 6 patients were from antibiotics group and 8 patients from placebo group. Differences between these groups were not significant (0.426). Conclusions : This study showed that there was no clear acceptable benefit of antibiotics in prevention of post-operative wound infection in open inguinal hernioplasty (Lichtenstein hernia repair). Antibiotics administration did not reduce the incidence of wound infections in significant way.
E-Banking and Financial Performance of the Domestic Commercial Banks in Sri Lanka

Advancement of the Information and Communication Technology (ICT) and rapid increase in the usage of ICT in financial markets all over the world can be identified as one of the main reasons behind increased complexity and competition in financial markets today. Sri Lankan banks also have adopted E-banking to deliver their services for a few decades. However, only a limited number of studies have been conducted in the Sri Lankan context to identify the impact of E-banking on the profitability of banks in Sri Lanka. The main objectives of the study are to investigate the effect of E-banking on financial performance and to examine whether the degree of the firm size affects the financial performance of commercial banks in Sri Lanka. To investigate the impact of E-banking on the financial performance of the commercial banks in Sri Lanka, this study has been selected twelve domestic commercial banks in Sri Lanka as the sample and the data has been gathered over the period of 2012 to 2017 based on the published annual reports of selected banks. Further, to assess the impact of E-banking on bank performance, this study observed the Return on Assets (ROA) as the dependent variable and E-banking as the independent variable. Distribution of ATM network and fee and commission income of each bank has been selected as indicators of E-banking. Size of the bank has been considered as the controlled variable of this study which has been indicated by the total assets and number of branches. This study has used the regression model to investigate the impact of E-banking on bank financial performance and it was found that E-banking had a significant positive impact on the financial performance of commercial banks by number of ATMs, net fee and commission income and the number of branches. Only the total assets showed a significant negative impact on the financial performance of banks.
Clinical and audiological evaluation of post traumatic hearing loss

The temporal bone is the key constituent of middle cranial fossa and houses many important structures like the facial nerve, vestibulocochlear nerve, cochlea and labyrinth, ossicular chain, tympanic membrane, external auditory canal, temporomandibular joint, lower cranial nerves, jugular vein, and carotid artery. In addition to these, temporal bone fracture may also cause injury to the adjacent intracranial structures such as the temporal lobe of brain and meninges, abducens nerve, and brainstem, with resultant complications like cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) fistula, meningitis, and brain herniation. Hearing loss is probably the most common presentation of temporal bone fractures. Hearing loss occurs in as many as 24-66% and even up to 71% of patients with temporal bone trauma following head injury. In a country like India where RTAs and assault related injuries are widely prevalent, temporal bone trauma cases are increasingly being presented to trauma centres. It is against this background that the present study is making an attempt to evaluate the clinical and audiological evaluation of hearing loss in post-traumatic cases presented to our tertiary centre.
Burnout Among Primary School Teachers in the Wazzane Region in Morocco: Prevalence and Risk Factors

Article history: Received: 09 August, 2020 Accepted: 16 September, 2020 Online: 24 November, 2020 Introduction: Burnout is a real malaise that affects the mental health of teachers. The objective is to determine the prevalence of burnout among primary school teachers in the Wazzane region and to look for associated risk factors. Methods: Descriptive crosssectional study conducted in 20172018 with a sample of 330 teachers. Socio-demographic and work-related data were assessed by a self-administered questionnaire and the Karasek Job Content Questionnaire (JCQ) the Karasek, the burnout by the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI). Results: 330 teachers participated in the study with a male predominance of 62.4% and an average age of 38.4 (SD = 8.9). The average scores for emotional exhaustion, depersonalization and personal accomplishment were (21.8 ± 9.2); (14.1 ± 9.9) and (15.1 ± 8.4) respectively. Pathologically, emotional exhaustion was high in 23.9%, depersonalization was high in 24.2% and personal accomplishment was low in 26.1% of participants. 46.6% were victims of burnout, of which 23.9% had a low level; 14.2% had a moderate level and 8.5% had severe burnout. Logistic regression analysis showed that the predictors of burnout were female gender (p<0.01), Problems of equipment didactic (p<0.01), student demotivation (p<0.05), conflict with colleagues (p<0.05), work overload (p<0.01) and low decision-making autonomy (p<0.01). Conclusion: These results justify the interest of a prevention program and intervention at different levels to protect teachers.
COLOMBIA, COUNTRY UPDATE

After more than 30 years of trying to develop the geothermal potential of Colombia, a major effort is now being made to explore and assess the geothermal resources of the entire country. Until now, the availability of conventional energy sources in Colombia prevented geothermal exploration from reaching a higher level. However, the extreme energy crisis of 1992 – 1993 alerted the authorities and the community to the necessity for exploring alternative energy sources. In 1997, GESA (i.e. Geoenergía Andina S.A.) drilled Colombia’s first geothermal well at the Las Nereidas geothermal prospect. This well allowed the scientific staff to determine some of the characteristics of the geothermal system, where permeability seems to be related to faults. Also in 1997, Ingeominas (i.e. The Colombian Geological Survey) undertook geothermal exploration of Azufral volcano, starting with geology, volcanology and geochemistry. These preliminary studies indicate the possibility of a reservoir at 200-250°C (according to empirical geothermometer calculations) in a mature strato-volcano. This project is intended to produce electrical energy for the Nariño province. In 1999, an evaluation of the existing information collected and processed by Ingeominas on chemical characteristics of thermal springs and temperature data in oil wells showed the advantage of constructing a Geothermal Map of Colombia. This map will help determine Colombia’s potential for direct and indirect utilization of geothermal resources. It will also help the government and private investors locate suitable targets for further exploration. With these projects, Colombia hopes to start exploiting its geothermal resources and decrease the serious environmental impact caused by the production of fossil combustibles and other conventional sources of energy, such as gas and coal-fired plants. The objectives of this paper are (1) present an overview of the geothermal resources and exploration studies in Colombia, and (2) summarize the studies being developed in Colombia that focus on a new stage of exploration.
Effect of Al hydroxide polymers on cation exchange of montmorillonite

Al hydroxide polymers (AlHO) can significantly influence the cation exchange behaviour of clays. We have determined the effect of synthesized AlHO on Ca–Na, Zn–Na and Pb–Na exchange for a series of exchanger compositions and two Al loadings at pH 6.0 and an ionic strength of 0.01 m. The preference for Ca on the siloxane surface of the clay–AlHO system (CAlHO) was greater than for the pure clay, and the average KV (Vanselow selectivity coefficient) was determined to be 2.16 and 1.24, respectively. The selectivity coefficients for the exchange reactions Zn–Na and Pb–Na were not directly determined in CAlHO systems, because heavy‐metal ions bind as well to the clay surface as to the AlHO over a wide range of pH. We have estimated the effect of the presence of AlHO on the selectivity coefficients of Zn–Na and Pb–Na exchange by extrapolation of the experimental results of Ca–Na, Zn–Na and Pb–Na exchange for pure clay and Ca–Na exchange for CAlHO. The average KV was increased by the presence of the AlHO from 1.23 to 2.16 for Zn–Na exchange and from 1.59 to 2.77 for Pb–Na exchange. The increase in the preference for the divalent cations is probably caused by parallel alignment of clay platelets by sorption of AlHO. Increasing the amount of AlHO did not change the selectivity for Ca–Na exchange, and probably the structure of the system or the arrangement of the clay platelets and AlHO particles was not substantially changed. This was supported by the linear reduction of the cation exchange capacity with amount of AlHO present at pH 6.6. It seems likely that the selectivity coefficients for Ca–Na, Zn–Na and Pb–Na exchange that we found apply in naturally occurring montmorillonite–AlHO systems.
Sub-micrometre particle size characterisation and distribution by mercury penetration

The technique of mercury porosimetry is usually regarded as a method for the determination of surface areas and the evaluation of pore size distributions in porous solids. With fine non-porous or microporous materials the initial low-pressure region of a mercury penetration graph can be used to determine the inter-particle spaces or voids in an assembly of discrete particles.A determination of the particle size and distribution of three powders, in the one micrometre and sub-micrometre size range, has been obtained from mercury porosimetry breakthrough and intrusion pressures. The mercury intrusion particle diameters and distributions are compared with values obtained by gravitational and centrifugal sedimentation methods and electron microscopy counts for particle size measurement.
Varietal Evaluation and Clustering of Early Maize Genotypes in Mid-Western Hilly Region of Nepal

Eleven early maize (Zea mays) genotypes were evaluated for their yield and yield component traits at the research block of Regional Agriculture Research Station (RARS) Lumle, Kaski, Nepal during Kharif season of 2016. The experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. Results showed that all the studied genotypes differed significantly for grain yield as well as other yield component traits except number of kernel per row. Out of tested genotypes COMPOZ-NIPB, EEYC1, POP-445/POP-446 were three top performer genotypes yielding 6.89, 5.38 and 5.19 t ha-1. Early mid Katamari, Rajahar local, Manakamana-5, EEYC1 were statistically at par with Arun-4(standard check) and will be needed further evaluation and improvement by a selection of desirable traits. Eleven genotypes occupied three different clusters and showed that early maize genotypes suggest considerable genetic diversity among themselves. Genotypes belong to cluster one having the highest yield potentials so need to be further evaluation in different location of mid hill and recommended best variety for that domain.
Evaluation of Presepsin as a Predictive Marker in Women Undergoing ICSI

Presepsin is an original biomarker with 13 kDa molecular weight for identifying general inflammation and sepsis. The receptor for lipopolysaccharide/lipopolysaccharide binding protein (LPS/LBP) complexes -CD14 (cluster of differentiation) is uttered on the cell membranes of macrophage, monocyte, and granulocyte cells. The LPS/LBP-CD14 complex is freed into circulation by detaching CD14 from the cell membrane, generating a soluble-CD14. (s-CD14), that is triggered by the plasma proteases, producing sCD14subtype, Presepsin. The assessment of the implication of Presepsin levels in women with infertility lacks in publications. Furthermore, in the present ART's drill, a precise examination to forecast ovarian response, that may have both amplified the effectiveness and condensed the prices of ART's, is still missing and there is a necessity for information on the expectedness of ovarian response in controlled ovarian stimulation . The goal of this study was to determine the ability of using Presepsin as a biomarker to evaluate the clinical pregnancy rate in a cohort of couples undergoing ICSI in a sample of Iraqi population. Patients and Methods: Sixty infertile women selected for undergoing intracytoplasmic sperm injection, the patient’s ovarian stimulation was by antagonist protocol accordingly to their clinical findings. Results: The results of the study shows there was no significant difference in the serum Presepsin between pregnant and non-pregnant ladies, 421.57 (1534.65) versus 878.64 (1322.23), respectively (P = 0.875), Furthermore, there was no significant difference in follicular fluid Presepsin between pregnant and non-pregnant ladies, 1286.73 (1232.00) versus 0.00 484.15 (1467.00), respectively (P = 0.296). Conclusions: It concluded that serum or follicular fluid Presepsin as a biomarker is a poor predictor of fertility outcome with no significant difference between pregnant and non-pregnant ladies.
INFLUENCE OF DIFFERENT STRAWBERRY TRANSPLANT ORDERS ON YIELD AND FRUIT QUALITY UNDER LOW PLASTIC TUNNELS

This study was carried out during 2007/2008 and 2008/2009 seasons in two experiments. The first was conducted to investigate the effect of four strawberry nursery mother plant orders, i.e., nucleus, foundation, registered and certified and two promising cultivars, i.e., Tamar and Festival on number and quality of transplants in the nursery. The second experiment aimed to study the same treatments on yield and fruit quality using transplants derived from the above mentioned orders and cultivars. A split plot design was adopted. Results of the first experiment indicated that nucleus plant order showed the highest values of number of transplants/plant, number of roots and crown diameter/transplant. Plants derived from foundation order exhibited the highest values in crown diameter and root length. Also, plants derived from certified order showed the highest root length. As for the cultivar effect, Tamar cultivar showed higher significant values in number of transplants/plant and number of roots than Festival, while Festival plants indicated significant increases in root length and plant height as compared with Tamar. Results of the interaction showed that nucleus plants of Festival cv exhibited the highest values of number of transplants while plants derived from nucleus Tamar showed the highest values of root length and transplant height. Results of the second experiment indicate that transplants derived from nucleus order showed the lowest values of early yield while those derived from foundation order exhibited the highest values of fruit firmness and total acidity. The highest early and total yields as well as total soluble solids were produced from plants derived from registered order. Results showed also that Festival cv, showed higher values of early and total yield and total acidity than Tamar while Tamar fruits indicated higher total soluble solids and ascorbic acid than Festival. The interaction show that plants derived from registered Festival cv gave the highest values of early and total yield while the heaviest fruits were harvested from plants derived from nucleus Tamar cv. The study conclude that it could be recommended to use registered plants (the second generation from tissue culture plants) of Festival to obtain high early and total yield for local market also with high acidity and firmness for export markets.
Social Isolation in Ants : Evidence of its Impact on Survivorship and Behavior in Camponotus fe//ah (Hymenoptera, Formicidae)

Wc invcstigatcd thc cffcct of social isolation on survivorship, body weight, and readiness to engage in allogrooming and trophallaxis in the ant Camponotus . fellah. Life duration of the workers caged singly with acccss to food was significantly lowcr than if thcy wcrc cagcd with anothcr ncstmatc, which implics that thc strcssful cffccts of social isolation cannot be reduced to the effects of food deprivation. Thrce day social isolation and food dcprivation lcd to about 15% wcight loss in thc ants cagcd singly, but did not rcsult in significant wcight loss in thc ants cagcd by tcns. Social isolation also lcd to significant incrcasc in thc readiness to engage in trophallaxis. In the ants isolated with access to food, incrcascd ratc of trophallaxis bctwccn dyads of workcrs rcunitcd aftcr thc pcriod of social isolation (24 480 hours) might have: bccn triggercd by possible divergence of their cuticular profiles acting as colony recognition cues: trophallactic exchanges are known to play a crucial rolc in thc cxchangc of rccognition labcls among thc mcmbcrs of ant colonics.