Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Sentence Writing Intervention for At–Risk Writers in Upper Elementary Grades

Fluent production of a variety of grammatically correct sentences is essential to overall writing quality across genres. Sentence–production skills become increasingly important as students prepare to transition from the elementary grades to middle–school. Many students in the upper–elementary grades, however, struggle with sentence production skills—especially writers with a learning disability. This paper provides useful information for educators focusing on improving the quality of sentence–level writing skills for students with learning disabilities in Grades 3–5. Specifically, guidance is provided for using (a) assessment to inform sentence–level intervention and (b) a sequence of instructional practices for improving foundational sentence–level production skills.
Novel Experimentation for the Validation of Mechanistic Models to Describe Cold Dwell Sensitivity in Titanium Alloys

Previous mechanistic models, proposed to explain the process of damage accumulation and stress redistribution between strong and weak regions inherent within the microstructure of α/β and near α titanium alloys, are validated through a matrix of experiments employing a non-standard variant of the alloy Ti 685. The grain size of the model material was deliberately processed to offer grains up to 20 mm in diameter, to facilitate constitutive measurements within individual grains. A range of experiments were performed under static and cyclic loading, with the fatigue cycle conducted under either strain or load control. Data will be reported to demonstrate significant variations in elastic and plastic properties between grains and emphasise the role of time dependent strain accumulation. Implications for the “dwell sensitive fatigue” or “cold creep” response of conventional titanium alloys will be discussed.
Luxury fashion retailers' localised marketing strategies in practice – evidence from China

PurposeFrom an international retailing perspective, this empirical study aims to examine luxury fashion retailers' changing marketing strategies in China.Design/methodology/approachUsing case studies of 14 luxury fashion retailers, qualitative data were collected via 31 semi-structured executive interviews.FindingsBoth standardised global and localised multinational marketing strategies were found to have initially been employed by luxury fashion retailers entering into China. Subsequently, localised multinational strategies became increasingly important for their post-entry operations and business development, particularly in terms of their product strategies. More specifically, as well as the introduction of Chinese brand names, product design has been adapted according to Chinese market conditions, and product portfolios have been adapted to satisfy regional differences. However, localised product sourcing in China is far less common.Research limitations/implicationsAs the findings are generated from China, they may not explain luxury fashion retailers' marketing strategies in other markets. Despite the relatively small sample size, the 14 luxury fashion retailer case studies originate from across a wide range of countries, retail formats and ownership structures and are therefore considered to be varied enough to represent the market.Practical implicationsThe study offers practitioners insights into the success that can be generated by the manipulation of marketing strategies, particularly product strategies, within the world's second biggest luxury market.Originality/valueThis paper extends the current international retailing literature by examining and comparing the motives and practices of luxury fashion retailers and the increasing localisation of their marketing strategies in China as they move from initial market entry into their post-entry operations.
A qualitative investigation of the psychosocial services utilised by care-givers of patients with Alzheimer's disease and related dementias in southwestern Uganda

Abstract Individuals with Alzheimer's disease and related dementias often require substantial support from other people. Much of the care-giving is from family members who eventually experience physical, emotional and financial stress, depression and fatigue. In Uganda, families are a cornerstone in providing care to individuals with dementia. However, little is known about the psychosocial supports available to the care-givers in their care-giving role. We assessed the psychosocial supports available to care-givers of individuals with Alzheimer's disease and related dementias in southwestern Uganda. We conducted 34 in-depth interviews at three referral hospitals at which care-givers identified by the treating clinicians were approached for informed consent. The interviews were conducted until thematic saturation was reached, and the interviews were translated and transcribed. Thematic content analysis was used to analyse the data. Care-giver supports were structured into two major themes: medical supports utilised and supports beyond the medical care system. Medical supports highlighted information provided by medical professionals. Supports beyond the medical care system included emotional and instrumental supports provided by religious leaders, the local communities and family members. Care-givers for individuals with dementia in southwestern Uganda receive educational support from medical practitioners, and unstructured emotional and instrumental supports from the family and community.
Periapical status and prevalence of apical periodontitis in patients with type 2 Diabetes mellitus

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic systemic disease that affects the immunoinflammatory response, leading the patient more susceptible to the development of oral diseases, such as apical periodontitis (AP). Thus, this study aimed to clinically and radiographically analyze the periapical status and prevalence of AP in diabetic patients compared to healthy patients. A total of 100 patients were selected and divided into two groups (n = 50): diabetic group - patients with type 2 DM, and control group - systemically healthy patients. Periapical status was analyzed by the periapical index. The quality of the root canal filling and restoration was also evaluated. Difference between the prevalence of AP among the groups were performed by using the Chi-square test or Fisher's exact test (p < 0.05). The total number of teeth was lower in diabetic group (p = 0.049). Teeth without previous endodontic treatment with AP were higher in diabetic group (p = 0.006). However, the number of endodontically treated teeth with AP was greater in the control group (p = 0.027). AP in teeth with previous endodontic treatment was associated with unsatisfactory root canal filling and restoration quality (p < 0.01). The presence of pain showed significantly higher values in the diabetic group (p = 0.003). In conclusion, this study showed an association between the presence of AP and DM in cases of teeth without endodontic treatment. Besides, the presence of pain was significantly higher in diabetic patients. However, healthy patients showed more cases of AP in endodontically treated teeth.
Experimental and Numerical Flow Analysis of an Engine-Realistic State-of-the-Art Turbine Rear Structure

This paper presents experimental and numerical CFD studies of the aerodynamics of a turbine rear structure (TRS). The TRS test geometry is an engine-realistic state-of-the-art design with a polygonal outer case, recessed engine mount bumps, and three different vane types: regular vanes, bump vanes in bump sectors, and thick vanes. Using three different sector types simultaneously was found to be crucial for the inlet boundary conditions. Experiments were performed in a modern rotating test facility with an LPT stage upstream of the TRS. A Reynolds number of 350,000 was used, representative of a TRS in a narrow-body geared turbofan engine. The TRS performance was analyzed both at on- and off-design conditions and a thorough side-by-side comparison of CFD and experiments was performed. Static-pressure-distributions, turning and outlet flow-angles, wakes and losses, and surface-flow visualizations and outlet total pressure contours are presented. The thick vane showed good aerodynamic performance, similar to the regular vane. For the bump vane, the mount bumps were found to generate additional local separations and secondary flows, resulting in extra losses. In the regions with strong secondary flows CFD over-predicts the wakes, whereas the wakes around midspan, where secondary flows have a smaller influence, are predicted well.
The Emergence of eSports Nutrition: A Review

Peak cognitive performance is of paramount importance for the sports and competitive activities that depend on a high level of cognitive performance, such as eSports. The popularity of eSports has increased rapidly in recent years and will probably continue to rise in the forthcoming years. Above all, eSports practitioners require higher levels of cognitive abilities and motor skills for optimal performance and may benefit from adequate body composition and proper nutrition, as happens with more traditional athletes. However, there is a noticeable shortage of scientific knowledge in this area, including in nutritional-related aspects. Therefore, the objective of this non-systematic review is to summarize the nutritional strategies that may enhance health, cognitive performance, decrease reaction time and minimize fatigue. This information may be relevant for eSports competitors and set a base for further investigations, which could ultimately lead to the establishment of nutritional recommendations specific for this competitive population.
Examining reaction time variability on the stop-signal task in the ABCD study

Abstract Objective: Reaction time variability (RTV) has been estimated using Gaussian, ex-Gaussian, and diffusion model (DM) indices. Rarely have studies examined interrelationships among these performance indices in childhood, and the use of reaction time (RT) computational models has been slow to take hold in the developmental psychopathology literature. Here, we extend prior work in adults by examining the interrelationships among different model parameters in the ABCD sample and demonstrate how computational models of RT can clarify mechanisms of time-on-task effects and sex differences in RTs. Method: This study utilized trial-level data from the stop signal task from 8916 children (9–10 years old) to examine Gaussian, ex-Gaussian, and DM indicators of RTV. In addition to describing RTV patterns, we examined interrelations among these indicators, temporal patterns, and sex differences. Results: There was no one-to-one correspondence between DM and ex-Gaussian parameters. Nonetheless, drift rate was most strongly associated with standard deviation of RT and tau, while nondecisional processes were most strongly associated with RT, mu, and sigma. Performance worsened across time with changes driven primarily by decreasing drift rate. Boys were faster and less variable than girls, likely attributable to girls’ wide boundary separation. Conclusions: Intercorrelations among model parameters are similar in children as has been observed in adults. Computational approaches play a crucial role in understanding performance changes over time and can also clarify mechanisms of group differences. For example, standard RT models may incorrectly suggest slowed processing speed in girls that is actually attributable to other factors.
Intelligent Moving Target Recognition Based on Compressed Seismic Measurements and Deep Neural Networks

Moving target recognition is a critical task for a variety of applications, ranging from environmental monitoring to regional security protection. Recently, many deep learning (DL) methods have been proposed to recognize the seismic features of moving targets. However, the established DL algorithms are mainly challenged by time-consuming feature extraction and lack of robustness. In this article, a novel moving target recognition method [Compression Observation-Seismic DL (CO-SDL)] is proposed to solve the above two problems simultaneously. CO-SDL first uses a measurement matrix to project the seismic signal onto a compressed domain and obtain compressed seismic measurements. This operation removes redundant data while retaining valuable seismic information and suppressing noise energy. Following that, CO-SDL efficiently and stably extracts deep nonlinear features from compressed seismic measurements and then accurately classifies the feature vectors. To evaluate the proposed method, a comprehensive seismic dataset is developed. This dataset covers six types of common moving targets, and the SNR ranges of all signal types are greater than 15 dB. The proposed method and the benchmark methods are tested on this dataset. Experimental results prove that the presented CO-SDL method is ten times faster than the state-of-the-art methods with comparable accuracy. Furthermore, the CO-SDL method shows the strongest robustness.
Acritarchs and Prasinophytes from the Lower Devonian (Lochkovian) Ross Formation, Tennessee, USA: Stratigraphic and Paleogeographic Distribution

ABSTRACT A diverse and abundant organic-walled microphytoplankton assemblage is reported from two measured sections of the Lower Devonian (Lochkovian) Ross Formation in Benton and Decatur counties, Tennessee, USA. The palynoflora comprises 24 genera and 34 species of acritarchs, including one new genus and species (Caulissoma gordonii); and five genera and 11 species of prasinophyte phycomata (excluding Leiosphaeridia and Tasmanites). Other components include chitinozoans, miospores, and scolecodonts. This is the first Early Devonian acritarch/prasinophyte assemblage to be described from Tennessee, and it is assigned a Lochkovian age based on marine invertebrate faunas, stratigraphic relationships, and the palynomorph assemblage. A high degree of similarity (67% commonality) exists between this palynoflora and that from the stratigraphic and age-equivalent Haragan and Bois d'Arc formations of Oklahoma. Appreciable numbers of the microphytoplankton taxa identified herein are common to the Haragan and Bois d'Arc formations and are, moreover, restricted to the Lochkovian and endemic to Laurentia. Additionally, a number of species are widely distributed and confined to the Early Devonian, and three species, Demorhethium lappaceum, Riculasphaera fissa, and Thysanoprobolus polykion – all cosmopolitan – are constrained to the Lochkovian. With increasing knowledge of Early Devonian palynofloras, the apparent degree of provincialism is progressively declining as seemingly endemic taxa are reported from more regions in both hemispheres. The Ross Formation sediments were deposited in a low-energy, offshore, normal marine environment, punctuated by intermittent episodes of shallow-water current and storm deposition.
Personality Assessment of Children and Adolescents

This review offers a theoretical and practical guide to assessing a broad range of personality differences in middle childhood and adolescence. We begin by highlighting normative changes in middle childhood and adolescence that shape the personality differences youth display. We then review the assessment of four broad domains of personality in children and adolescents: temperament and personality traits, social-emotional-behavioral (SEB) skills, motivation and agency (including goals, values, and interests), and narrative identity. We conclude by offering a primer of general principles for assessing personality in childhood and adolescence: pursuing ongoing construct validation, weighing strengths and weaknesses of various informants and data sources, combining measures, addressing heterotypic continuity, obtaining child self-reports, and pursuing promising new directions. It is well worth taking on the challenges inherent in assessing these individual differences because children and adolescents display a rich, complex, and meaningful set of still-changing personality differences that shape the course of their lives. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Developmental Psychology, Volume 3 is December 2021. Please see http://www.annualreviews. org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.
Very High Spatial Resolution Soil Moisture Observation of Heterogeneous Subarctic Catchment Using Nonlocal Averaging and Multitemporal SAR Data

A soil moisture estimation method was developed for Sentinel-1 synthetic aperture radar (SAR) ground range detected high resolution (GRDH) data to analyze moisture conditions in a gently undulating and heterogeneous subarctic area containing forests, wetlands, and open orographic tundra. In order to preserve the original 10-m pixel spacing, PIMSAR (pixel-based multitemporal nonlocal averaging) nonlocal mean filtering was applied. It was guided by multitemporal statistics of SAR images in the area. The gradient boosted trees (GBT) machine learning method was used for the soil moisture algorithm development. Discrete and continuous in situ soil moisture values were used for training and validation of the algorithm. For surface soil moisture, the root mean square error (RMSE) of the method was 6.5% and 8.8% for morning and evening images, respectively. The corresponding maximum errors were 34.1% and 33.8%. The pixelwise sensitivity to the training set and method choice was estimated as the variance of the soil moisture values derived using the algorithms for the three best methods with respect to the criteria: the smallest maximum error, the smallest RMSE value, and the highest coefficient of determination (R²) value. It was, on average, 6.3% with a standard deviation of 5.7%. Our approach successfully produced instantaneous high-resolution soil moisture estimates on daily basis for the subarctic landscape and can further be applied to various hydrological, biogeochemical, and management purposes.
Isoniazid Preventive Therapy for Prevention of Tuberculosis among People Living with HIV in Ethiopia: A Systematic Review of Implementation and Impacts

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in people living with HIV (PLWHIV). Isoniazid preventive therapy (IPT) prevents TB in PLWHIV, but estimates of its effects and actual implementation vary across countries. We reviewed studies that examined the impact of IPT on PLHIV and the factors influencing its implementation in Ethiopia. Methods: We searched PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, and the Cochrane Central Register of Clinical Controlled Trials from their inception to 1 April 2021 for studies of any design that examined the impact of IPT on PLHIV and the factors influencing its implementation. The protocol was registered in PROSPERO, ID: CRD42021256579. Result: Of the initial 546 studies identified, 13 of which enrolled 12,426 participants, 15,640 PLHIV and 62 HIV clinical care providers were included. PLHIV who were on IPT, independently or simultaneously with ART, were less likely to develop TB than those without IPT. IPT interventions had a significant association with improved CD4 count and reduced all-cause mortality. IPT was less effective in people with advanced HIV infection. The major factors influencing IPT implementation and uptake were stock-outs, fear of developing isoniazid-resistant TB, patient’s refusal and non-adherence, and improper counseling and low commitment of HIV clinical care providers. Conclusion: IPT alone or in combination with ART significantly reduces the incidence of TB and mortality in PLHIV in Ethiopia than those without IPT. More research on safety is needed, especially on women with HIV who receive a combination of IPT and ART. Additionally, studies need to be conducted to investigate the efficacy and safety of the new TPT (3 months combination of isoniazid and rifapentine) in children and people living with HIV.
PosgenPy: An Automated and Reproducible Approach to Assessing the Validity of Cluster Search Parameters in Atom Probe Tomography Datasets

Abstract One of the main capabilities of atom probe tomography (APT) is the ability to not only identify but also characterize early stages of precipitation at length scales that are not achievable by other techniques. One of the most popular methods to identify nanoscale clustering in APT data, based on the density-based spatial clustering of applications with noise (DBSCAN), is used extensively in many branches of research. However, it is common that not all of the steps leading to the selection of certain parameters used in the analysis are reported. Without knowing the rationale behind parameter selection, it may be difficult to compare cluster parameters obtained by different researchers. In this work, a simple open-source tool, PosgenPy, is used to justify cluster search parameter selection via providing a systematic sweep through parameter values with multiple randomizations to minimize a false-positive cluster ratio. The tool is applied to several different microstructures: a simulated material system and two experimental datasets from a low-alloy steel . The analyses show how values for the various parameters can be selected to ensure that the calculated cluster number density and cluster composition are accurate.
Improving the effectiveness and inclusiveness of alcohol and other drug outreach models for young people: a literature review

Abstract While outreach is a common modality for delivering alcohol and other drug support services, little is known about its role for young people experiencing difficulties associated with alcohol and other drug consumption. In this article, we conduct a review of international literature on youth alcohol and other drug outreach to identify features of high-quality outreach models and document major themes or issues. We found relatively little research on youth alcohol and other drug outreach over the last decade, with little critical engagement with the concept and related practices for alcohol and other drug service delivery. Notwithstanding these limitations, our review identified the features the studies found to be best practices or to lead to the most positive outcomes for young people. We conclude with a discussion of future research directions to expand the knowledge base and improve the effectiveness and inclusiveness of alcohol and other drug outreach models for young people.
Quasi‐decadal periodicities in growth and production of the copepod Eodiaptomus japonicus in Lake Biwa, Japan, related to the Arctic Oscillation

Copepods are important secondary producers that support higher trophic levels in aquatic food webs. Large‐scale climate events such as climate oscillations and global warming force on physical and chemical conditions in aquatic ecosystems might regulate copepod production through physiological and biochemical processes. We evaluated how large climatic and anthropogenic events impacted secondary production of copepods in Lake Biwa, the largest lake in Japan. We determined demographic traits such as body size, growth rate, biomass and production of the dominant copepod Eodiaptomus japonicus in this lake over four decades (1971–2010). To evaluate in situ food conditions and estimate growth and production for this omnivorous species, we firstly defined a size‐based food index (f), that is the ratio of in situ body size to ideal body size in adult females. Values of f were mostly < 1 even during eutrophication (1970s to the early 1980s), suggesting that this copepod continuously suffered from a food shortage in this lake. Quasi‐decadal periodicities were detected in f, growth and production (but not biomass) for this copepod throughout the study period. These periodicities were correlated with the Arctic Oscillation, implying that long‐term trends in climate could regulate copepod food availability and production. This correlation weakened after 1990, which might be due to a regime shift in lake water temperature, which increased abruptly in the mid‐1980s. Global warming might now be disrupting historical quasi‐decadal periodicity in growth and production of copepods in Lake Biwa.