Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Impact of lowland forests in England on water resources: Application of the Hydrological Land Use Change (HYLUC) model

The U.K. Government's 1995 White Paper on Rural England [ Her Majesty's Stationery Office, 1995 ] proposed a doubling of the area of woodland within England by the year 2045. Questions were later raised concerning the possible impacts on water resources of such a large change in land use. This paper presents results of field study investigations of the water use of grass, heath, oak, and pine vegetation at Clipstone Forest, Nottinghamshire, United Kingdom, which were used to calibrate the water use model HYLUC and derive predictions of the impact of different vegetation types on recharge in this locality. Average annual recharge plus runoff (millimeters) over a 32.5 year period and the uncertainties due to spatial sampling, calculated with the HYLUC model, were 136 ± 11 for the grass site, 122 ± 3 for the heath site, 76 ± 5 for the oak site, and 34 ± 8 and 38 ± 3 for two pine sites. In this region of Britain the long‐term recharge beneath pine is approximately one quarter that under grass and essentially only occurs in years of above average rainfall. Oak woodland is also predicted to have a significant impact by reducing recharge plus runoff by almost one half as compared with grassland.
Seismic Displacements of Soil Retaining Walls Situated on Slope

In this study, a new method for calculating seismic displacements of soil retaining walls is proposed. This pseudostatic-based method is based on the failure mechanisms proposed and verified by the writer. Displacement analyses using the proposed method are performed for two soil retaining walls situated on slope. Both walls were severely damaged during the 1999 Chi-Chi earthquake in Taiwan. Analytical results indicate that the severe damage to the walls was induced by relatively loose soils in the base and the passive zone at the toes of the walls. Suggestions for the design and construction of soil retaining walls situated on a slope include: (1) the assumption that no vertical ground acceleration induces relatively small error in the calculated displacements of the wall; (2) the internal friction angle of the foundation soil, ϕf , has a strong influence on the vertical displacement of the wall; and (3) passive resistance in front of the wall, which is frequently overlooked in design and construction pr.
Identifying environmental controls on the shoreline of a natural river delta

River deltas form where sediment‐laden water debouches into a basin. The spatial delineation of a delta is nontrivial and yet is fundamental to systematically evaluating fluxes across its surface. Here we study shoreline dynamics of the Wax Lake Delta (WLD), a naturally developing delta, downstream of the Atchafalaya River, USA. We demonstrate the ability to extract hydrodynamic and morphodynamic shorelines from time series of satellite imagery and topography data, respectively. The hydrodynamic shoreline corresponds to the traditional dry‐wet interface, whereas we introduce the concept of a morphodynamic shoreline demarcating the topset‐foreset transition of a delta to quantitatively express the degree of inundation of a delta plain. These shorelines enable us to assess environmental controls on inundation of the WLD delta plain, noting the abundance of satellite imagery, whereas time series of bathymetric data from delta plains are scarce. From the analysis of NOAA and U.S. Geological Survey environmental data, we identify the effects of river discharge, tides, wind, and vegetation on shoreline position. In particular, using Delft3D simulations and a simplified momentum balance, we highlight the nonuniform and nonlinear effect of wind on delta plain inundation. Our analyses reveal that wind, riverine discharge, and tides significantly contribute to inundation of the WLD, and hence, incorporating their interaction is essential to the accurate modeling of hydrodynamics and ecodynamics of the WLD delta plain, as well as to the dynamic shape of delta plains in general.
Nutrition and health : from conception to adolescence ’ Symposium I : Consequences of obesity and overweight during pregnancy Improving pregnancy outcome in obese women

The global pandemic of maternal obesity presents a major challenge for healthcare providers, and has significant shortand long-term implications for both maternal and fetal health. Currently, the evidence-base underpinning many of the interventions either currently in use or recommended to improve pregnancy outcome in obese women is limited. The nature and timing of these interventions vary widely, ranging from simple advice to more intensive dietary and exercise programmes, cognitive behavioural therapy and drug trials. In addition, a growing number of very severely obese women now enter pregnancy having had surgical interventions. Although surgical interventions such as gastric bypass or banding may be associated with improved pregnancy outcomes, these women have particular nutritional requirements, which need to be addressed to optimise pregnancy outcome. Until the outcomes of ongoing current trials are reported and provide a firm evidence base on which to base future intervention strategies and guide evidence based care for obese pregnant women, pregnancy outcome is best optimised by high-risk antenatal care delivered by healthcare providers who are experienced in supporting these high-risk women.
Orange material in the Sulpicius Gallus Formation at the southwestern edge of Mare Serenitatis.

Orange and red materials were observed and photographed in the dark mantle of the Sulpicius Gallus Formation on the southwestern rim of the Serenitatis basin. These materials occur only within the dark mantle that overlies old rilled mare and highland units and are absent on the younger mare unit in this area. Orange and red materials occur predominantly as halos, patches, or rays around fresh impact craters ranging in diameter from less than 50 to 250 m and in layers exposed at the base of the dark mantle deposit in the steep walls of a depression and a graben. Red material is present in the highland subsurface, possibly as dikes. We conclude that orange material, locally underlain by red material, occurs in the dark mantle to a depth of about 50 m as locally stratified but discontinuous pyroclastic deposits and that it may have been produced by multiple 'fire foundation' eruptions during the later stages of accumulation of the older mare basalt units.
Foot and Ankle Soft Tissue Sarcomas–Treatment and Oncologic Outcomes: A Systematic Review of the Literature

Background: Foot and ankle soft tissue sarcomas (STSs) are rare neoplasms associated with a high risk of local recurrence and metastasis. Although amputation is often performed, its impact on prognosis remains unknown. The aims of our systematic review were identifying risk factors for (1) disease-specific death, (2) local recurrence, (3) metastasis, and assessing (4) whether the type of surgery (amputation or limb-salvage) affected disease-specific survival. Methods: This systematic review was conducted following PRISMA guidelines. The PubMed, Embase, and Scopus databases were searched. Our study was registered in PROSPERO (ID: 415624). Quality appraisal was done using STROBE guidelines. Results: A total of 7 studies and 123 patients were included. Metastasis was the only risk factor for disease-specific death (OR = 107.85, P< .001). Previous unplanned excision (OR = 22.29, P = .009) and positive margins (OR = 64.48, P = .011) were associated with higher risk of local recurrence. Patients with high-grade tumors (OR = 13.22, P = .023) and tumors ≥6 cm (OR = 7.40, P = .022) were more likely to develop metastases. After adjusting for confounders (age, sex, and presence of metastasis), amputation was not associated with poorer disease-specific survival. Conclusion: Metastasis was the single most important risk factor for death with foot and ankle soft tissue sarcoma. Positive margins and history of previous unplanned excision are risk factors for local recurrence. The most important risk factors for metastasis are tumor grade and size ≥6 cm. Amputation was not associated with poorer disease-specific survival.
Elliptic flow of identified hadrons in Pb – Pb collisions at √ s NN = 2 . 76 TeV

The elliptic flow coefficient ( v2) of identified particles in Pb–Pb collisions at √ sNN = 2.76 TeV was measured with the ALICE detector at the LHC. The results were obtained with the Scalar Product method, a two-particle correlation technique, using a pseu do-rapidity gap of|∆η | > 0.9 between the identified hadron under study and the reference particle s. Thev2 is reported forπ±, K±, KS, p+p, φ , Λ+Λ, Ξ−+Ξ andΩ−+Ω in several collision centralities. In the low transverse mo mentum (pT) region,pT < 2 GeV/c , v2(pT) exhibits a particle mass dependence consistent with ellipt ic flow accompanied by the transverse radial expansion of the syste m with a common velocity field. The experimental data for π± and K are described fairly well by hydrodynamical calculati ons coupled to a hadronic cascade model (VISHNU) for central collisions . However, the same calculations fail to reproduce thev2(pT) for p+p, φ , Λ+Λ andΞ−+Ξ + . For transverse momentum values larger than about 3 GeV/ c, particles tend to group according to their type, i.e. meson s and baryons. However, the experimental data at the LHC exhibit deviations from the number of constituent quark (NCQ) scaling at the level of ±20% for pT > 3 GeV/c. ∗See Appendix B for the list of collaboration members Elliptic flow of identified hadrons ALICE Collaboration
Biogeochemistry of microbial mats under Precambrian environmental conditions: a modelling study

Microbial mats have arguably been the most important ecosystem on Earth over its 3.5 Gyr inhabitation. Mats have persisted as consortia for billions of years and occupy some of Earth's most hostile environments. With rare exceptions (e.g. microbial mats developed on geothermal springs at Yellowstone National Park, USA), today's mats do not exist under conditions analogous to Precambrian habitats with substantially lower oxygen and sulphate concentrations. This study uses a numerical model of a microbial mat to investigate how mat composition in the past might have differed from modern mats.
CYP24A1, AHR, CPEB4, TRIP13, and PIK3CA genes expression in colorectal cancer patients: novel diagnostic biomarkers.

OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate the CYP24A1, AHR, CPEB4, TRIP13, and PIK3CA mRNA expression in the blood of colorectal cancer patients in Egypt. This was performed to elucidate if there's a link between this gene expression and other clinicopathological characteristics of the tumor. PATIENTS AND METHODS A case-control study including 50 colorectal cancer patients and 50 healthy controls was conducted. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (rt-PCR) was utilized to assess the expression of CYP24A1, AHR, CPEB4, TRIP13, and PIK3CA mRNA in blood samples. RESULTS Patients with colorectal cancer had significantly higher levels of mRNA for the genes CYP24A1, AHR, CPEB4, TRIP13, and PIK3CA (p<0.001, p=0.021, p<0.001, and p<0.001, respectively) compared to controls. Remarkedly, the gene expression of AHR, TRIP13, and PIK3CA genes did not exhibit a significant correlation with the tumor stages (p=0.379, p=0.095, and p=0.526, respectively). However, there was a strong correlation between CYP24A1 and CPEB4 gene expression and tumor stages (p<0.001 and p=0.002, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Therefore, we can conclude that increased mRNA levels of CYP24A1, AHR, CPEB4, TRIP13, and PIK3CA in blood samples withdrawn from colorectal cancer patients could be a biomarker for the disease.
Pretreatment Neurofilament Light Chain Serum Levels, Early Disease Severity, and Treatment Response in Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis

Background and Objectives High disease activity and frequent therapy failure in pediatric multiple sclerosis (MS) make prognostic biomarkers urgently needed. We investigated whether serum neurofilament light chain (sNfL) levels in treatment-naive pediatric patients with MS are associated with early disease severity and indicate treatment outcomes. Methods A retrospective cohort study of patients seen in the Göttingen Center for MS in Childhood and Adolescence, Germany. Inclusion criteria were MS diagnosis according to the McDonald criteria, MS onset <18 years, and available pretreatment serum sample. sNfL levels were analyzed using a single-molecule array assay. Associations with clinical and MRI evidence of disease severity at sampling were evaluated using the Spearman correlations and nonparametric tests for group comparisons. Correlations between pretreatment sNfL and annualized relapse and new T2 lesion rate on first-line therapy, and odd ratios for switch to high-efficacy therapy were assessed. Results A total of 178 patients (116 women [65%]) with a mean sampling age of 14.3 years were included in the study. Pretreatment sNfL levels were above the ≥90th percentile reported for healthy controls in 80% of patients (median 21.1 pg/mL) and correlated negatively with age, but no correlation was seen with sex, oligoclonal band status, or body mass index. High pretreatment sNfL levels correlated significantly with a high number of preceding relapses, a shorter first interattack interval, a high T2 lesion count, and recent gadolinium-enhancing lesions. Of interest, sNfL levels reflected more strongly MRI activity rather than clinical activity. Pretreatment sNfL levels also correlated significantly with the relapse rate and occurrence of new/enlarging T2 lesions while on first-line injectable therapy. Odds of future therapy escalation increased from 0.14 for sNfL below 7.5 pg/mL to 6.38 for sNfL above 15 pg/mL. In patients with a recent relapse, higher sNfL levels were associated with poorer recovery 3 months after attack. Discussion The results of this study have 3 important implications: First, pretreatment sNfL levels are a valuable biomarker for underlying disease activity in pediatric patients with MS. Second, pretreatment sNfL levels in pediatric patients with MS have a predictive value for the response to first-line therapy and the necessity of future therapy escalation. Third, high sNfL levels during a relapse are associated with poor recovery in this age group.
VORTEX FORMATION AT VERTICAL PIPE INTAKES

With the object of determining the similarity criterion, experimental studies on vortex formation at pipe intakes were carried out using two geometrically similar circular vortex tanks, circulation in approach flow was generated by means of adjustable guide vanes. Transparent pipe intakes of different sizes and liquids of different viscosities and surface tensions were used in a recirculating system. Based on the analysis of data, a method has been proposed according to which a geometrically similar model is operated at the same Froude number as in the prototype and the observed critical submergence is corrected for distortion due to change in the model Reynolds number. A criterion to determine the type of vortex for known geometric and kinematic conditions has also been proposed.
High-Resolution Future Projections of Temperature and Precipitation in the Canary Islands

AbstractThe complex orography of the Canary Islands favors the creation of microclimates, which cannot be studied using global climate models or regional models with moderate resolution. In this work, WRF is used to perform a dynamic climate regionalization in the archipelago, using the pseudo–global warming technique to compute the initial and boundary conditions from a reanalysis dataset and from results of 14 global climate models. The simulations were performed for three decades, one at present (1995–2004) and two in the future (2045–54 and 2090–99), and for two different greenhouse gas scenarios (RCP4.5 and RCP8.5), defined in phase 5 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project. The obtained results, at a 5-km horizontal resolution, show a clear dependence of temperature increase with height and a positive change in diurnal temperature range, which is mainly due to a reduction in soil moisture and a slight decrease in cloud cover. This negative change in soil moisture is mainly a consequence of a de.
Connecting precipitation inputs and soil flow pathways to stream water in contrasting boreal catchments

Stable isotopes of water are one of the most widely used tools to track the pathways of precipitation inputs to streams. In the past, soils have often been treated as black‐boxes through which precipitation is routed to streams without much consideration of how, when, and where water is transported along soil and groundwater flow paths. Here, we use time series of stable isotopes (18O) in precipitation, soil/groundwater, and stream water to evaluate how landscape structure and heterogeneity influence seasonal hydrological patterns characteristic of boreal headwater catchments. To do this, we collected water throughout a full year at three adjacent catchments draining forest, mire, and mire/lake ecosystems within the Krycklan Experimental Catchment of northern Sweden. Isotope time series from forest and mire groundwater piezometers showed spatial and temporal heterogeneity in the dominant hydrologic flow pathways connecting precipitation to stream flow at different sites. The isotopic signature of stream water suggested strong connections to the dominant landscape elements within each catchment. These connections translated into greater temporal variability in the isotopic response of streams draining lake and wetland patches, and a much more attenuated pattern in the forest‐dominated catchment. Overall, seasonal changes in the isotopic composition of streams and groundwater illustrate how differences in landscape structure result in variable hydrological patterns in the boreal landscape. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Regionalization of Runoff Variability of Alberta, Canada, by Wavelet, Independent Component, Empirical Orthogonal Function, and Geographical Information System Analyses

Statistical methods of wavelet, independent component analysis (ICA), and empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis were used together with geographical information systems (GIS) to regionalize runoff variability, establish baseline predisturbance hydrologic regimes, and account for runoff heterogeneity across Alberta, Canada as part of an effort to develop future adaptive forest management practices for Alberta. Both ICA and EOF identified three hydrologic clusters from 59 stations of catchment runoff data. However, ICA identified hydrologic clusters that agree better with the five ecoregions of Alberta than that of EOF. These are the Rocky Mountains and foothills, where runoff was characterized by a fairly consistent temporal variability and dominated by a strong annual cycle, southern Alberta/central Alberta, where temporal heterogeneity and a weak annual cycle dominated the runoff variability, and in southwestern Alberta, where the runoff variability was characterized by annual, 4–7, and 11-year cy.
Impairments in endogenous AMPA receptor dynamics correlates with learning deficits in Alzheimer’s disease model mice

Significance Dysregulation of AMPA receptors (AMPARs) contributes to a number of neurological and psychiatric disorders, including AD. However, studying longitudinal AMPAR changes in AD animals has been a big challenge, to tackle this problem, we crossed fluorescently tagged AMPAR subunit GluA1 knockin mice with AD model mice, 5xFAD, and investigated endogenous GluA1 dynamics in a Go/No-go learning paradigm. Our results showed that impairments in AMPAR dynamics and microglia/astrocytes overactivation surrounding Aβ plaques correlate with learning deficits in AD animals. Our study observed endogenous AMPAR dynamics in real time in AD mice during learning which provides hints for better understanding of AD pathogenesis.
Cumulative lateral soil displacement due to pile driving in soft clay

Installation of preformed piles in clay causes lateral displacements of soil and of foundations of nearby structures embedded in the ground. The problem has been assessed by first analyzing the displacement effects of a single pile based on model tests and numerical analyses. Lateral soil displacement can be predicted using cavity expansion theory. Model tests were performed to study lateral displacements of soil due to installation of a group of piles. The results of theoretical analyses and model tests were compared with field measurements. A method is proposed to estimate cumulative lateral soil displacements caused by the installation of a pile group. The effect of sloping ground on lateral soil movements is addressed. Prediction of lateral soil displacement due to installation of several rows of piles in clay is illustrated by a practical example.
Barriers to the use of three-month Paliperidone Palmitate formulation: a study from an Italian real-world setting

ABSTRACT Background Long-acting injectable paliperidone can improve adherence in psychotic patients and reduce relapses and healthcare resource utilization (HRU). This study compares the effectiveness of the three-monthly paliperidone palmitate (PP3M) with the one-monthly formulation (PP1M) and investigates reasons that hinder the use of PP3M in real-world settings. Methods The authors conducted a three-phase observational study. For subjects recruited from six psychiatric services in Milan, HRU outcomes of PP3M prescription were evaluated through a 12-month mirror-image design (phase 1) and a comparison of HRU of PP1M-only subjects and PP3M subjects during the year prior to PP3M initiation (phase 2). Lastly, they conducted a survey among physicians concerning reasons for not switching to PP3M (phase 3). Results A total of 119 subjects (61 on PP3M and 58 on PP1M) were included. One year after PP3M initiation, outpatients’ visits decreased significantly. Comparing PP3M with PP1M subjects, no significant difference was found in HRU. Perception of patient’s unstable clinical condition was the main reason for maintaining PP1M (32.8%), followed by the need for monthly monitoring (19.7%). Conclusion PP3M initiation was associated with an overall HRU reduction. Subjects switched to PP3M had similar HRU when compared to those who did not, suggesting similar clinical conditions in both groups.
Forecasting Profitability and Earnings

There is a strong presumption in economics that, in a competitive environment, profitability is mean reverting. We provide corroborating evidence. In a simple partial adjustment model, the estimated rate of mean reversion is about 38% per year. But a simple partial adjustment model with a uniform rate of mean reversion misses rich nonlinear patterns in he behavior of profitability. Specifically, we find that mean reversion is faster when profitability is below its mean and when it is further from its mean in either direction. We also show that the mean reversion in profitability produces predictable variation in earnings. Copyright 2000 by University of Chicago Press.