Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Pushing the Frontier in the Design of Laser-Based Electron Accelerators with Groundbreaking Mesh-Refined Particle-In-Cell Simulations on Exascale-Class Supercomputers

(150 word max) We present a first-of-kind mesh-refined (MR) massively parallel Particle-In-Cell (PIC) code for kinetic plasma simulations optimized on the Frontier, Fugaku, Summit, and Perlmutter supercomputers. Major innovations, implemented in the WarpX PIC code, include: (i) a three level parallelization strategy that demonstrated performance portability and scaling on millions of A64FX cores and tens of thousands of AMD and Nvidia GPUs (ii) a groundbreaking mesh refinement capability that provides between 1.5 x to 4 x savings in computing requirements on the science case reported in this paper, (iii) an efficient load balancing strategy between multiple MR levels. The MR PIC code enabled 3D simulations of laser-matter interactions on Frontier, Fugaku, and Summit, which have so far been out of the reach of standard codes. These simulations helped remove a major limitation of compact laser-based electron accelerators, which are promising candidates for next generation high-energy physics experiments and ultra-high dose rate FLASH radiotherapy.
Physical and biochemical regulation of integrin release during rear detachment of migrating cells

Cell migration can be considered as a repeated cycle of membrane protrusion and attachment, cytoskeletal contraction and rear detachment. At intermediate and high levels of cell-substratum adhesiveness, cell speed appears to be rate-limited by rear detachment, specifically by the disruption of cytoskeleton-adhesion receptor-extracellular matrix (ECM) linkages. Often, cytoskeletal linkages fracture to release integrin adhesion receptors from the cell. Cell-extracellular matrix bonds may also dissociate, allowing the integrins to remain with the cell. To investigate molecular mechanisms involved in fracturing these linkages and regulating cell speed, we have developed an experimental system to track integrins during the process of rear retraction in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. Integrin expression level was varied by transfecting CHO B2 cells, which express very little endogenous α5 integrin, with a plasmid containing human α5 integrin cDNA and sorting the cells into three populations with different α5 expression levels. Receptor/ligand affinity was varied using CHO cells transfected with either αIIbβ3 or αIIbβ3(β1-2), a high affinity variant. αIIbβ3(β1-2) is activated to a higher affinity state with an anti-LIBS2 antibody. Fluorescent probes were conjugated to non-adhesion perturbing antiintegrin antibodies, which label integrins in CHO cells migrating on a matrix-coated glass coverslip. The rear retraction area was determined using phase contrast microscopy and integrins initially in this area were tracked by fluorescence microscopy and a cooled CCD camera. We find that rear retraction rate appears to limit cell speed at intermediate and high adhesiveness, but not at low adhesiveness. Upon rear retraction, the amount of integrin released from the cell increases as extracellular matrix concentration, receptor level and receptor-ligand affinity increase. In fact, integrin release is a constant function of cell-substratum adhesiveness and the number of cellsubstratum bonds. In the adhesive regime where rear detachment limits the rate of cell migration, cell speed has an inverse relationship to the amount of integrin released at the rear of the cell. At high cell-substratum adhesiveness, calpain, a Ca2+-dependent protease, is also involved in release of cytoskeletal linkages during rear retraction. Inhibition of calpain results in decreased integrin release from the cell membrane, and consequently a decrease in cell speed, during migration. These observations suggest a model for rear retraction in which applied tension and calpain-mediated cytoskeletal linkage cleavage are required at high adhesiveness, but only applied tension is required at low adhesiveness.
The Tri-Party Repo Market before the 2010 Reforms

This paper provides a descriptive and quantitative account of the tri-party repo market before the reforms proposed in 2010 by the Task Force on Tri-Party Repo Infrastructure (Task Force 2010). We provide an extensive description of the mechanics of this market. We also use data from July 2008 to early 2010 to document quantitative features of the market. We find that both the level of haircuts and the amount of funding were surprisingly stable in this market. The stability of the margins is in contrast to evidence from other repo markets. Perhaps surprisingly, the data reveal relatively few signs of stress in the market for dealers other than Lehman Brothers, on which we provide some evidence. This suggests that runs in the tri-party repo market may occur precipitously, like traditional bank runs, rather than manifest themselves as large increases in margins.
A multi-step approach to time series analysis and gene expression clustering

MOTIVATION The huge growth in gene expression data calls for the implementation of automatic tools for data processing and interpretation. RESULTS We present a new and comprehensive machine learning data mining framework consisting in a non-linear PCA neural network for feature extraction, and probabilistic principal surfaces combined with an agglomerative approach based on Negentropy aimed at clustering gene microarray data. The method, which provides a user-friendly visualization interface, can work on noisy data with missing points and represents an automatic procedure to get, with no a priori assumptions, the number of clusters present in the data. Cell-cycle dataset and a detailed analysis confirm the biological nature of the most significant clusters. AVAILABILITY The software described here is a subpackage part of the ASTRONEURAL package and is available upon request from the corresponding author. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Experimental priming of independent and interdependent activity does not affect culturally variable psychological processes

Cultural psychologists have shown that people from Western countries exhibit more independent self-construal and analytic (rule-based) cognition than people from East Asia, who exhibit more interdependent self-construal and holistic (relationship-based) cognition. One explanation for this cross-cultural variation is the ecocultural hypothesis, which links contemporary psychological differences to ancestral differences in subsistence and societal cohesion: Western thinking formed in response to solitary herding, which fostered independence, while East Asian thinking emerged in response to communal rice farming, which fostered interdependence. Here, we report two experiments that tested the ecocultural hypothesis in the laboratory. In both, participants played one of two tasks designed to recreate the key factors of working alone and working together. Before and after each task, participants completed psychological measures of independent–interdependent self-construal and analytic–holistic cognition. We found no convincing evidence that either solitary or collective tasks affected any of the measures in the predicted directions. This fails to support the ecocultural hypothesis. However, it may also be that our priming tasks are inappropriate or inadequate for simulating subsistence-related behavioural practices, or that these measures are fixed early in development and therefore not experimentally primable, despite many previous studies that have purported to find such priming effects.
Ultrarelativistic Nucleus-Nucleus Collisions ( Quark Matter 2018 ) Unified framework for heavy flavor and quarkonium production in high multiplicity p + p and p + A collisions at RHIC and LHC

We discuss the production of D-mesons and J/ψ in high multiplicity proton-proton and proton-nucleus collisions within the Color-Glass-Condensate (CGC) framework. We demonstrate that the modification of the LHC data on D and J/ψ yields in high multiplicity events relative to minimum bias events arise from a significant enhancement of the gluon saturation scales of the corresponding rare parton configurations in the colliding protons and nuclei. For a given event multiplicity, we predict these relative yields to be energy independent from √ s = 200 GeV at RHIC to the highest LHC energies.
International Asset Allocation under Regime Switching , Skew and Kurtosis Preferences ∗

This paper investigates the international asset allocation effects of time-variations in higher order moments of stock returns such as skew and kurtosis. In the context of a four-moment international CAPM specification that relates stock returns in five regions to returns on a global market portfolio and allows for time-varying prices of covariance, co-skewness and co-kurtosis risk, we find evidence of distinct bull and bear regimes. Ignoring such regimes, an unhedged US investor’s optimal portfolio is strongly diversified internationally. The presence of regimes in the return distribution leads to a substantial increase in the investor’s optimal holdings of US stocks as does the introduction of skew and kurtosis preferences. We relate these findings to the US market portfolio’s relatively attractive co-skewness and co-kurtosis properties with respect to the global market portfolio and its performance during global bear states.
Empirical processes in probabilistic number theory: the LIL for the discrepancy of (nk!) mod 1

We prove a law of the iterated logarithm for the Kolmogorov-Smirnov statistic, or equivalently, the discrepancy of sequences (nkω) mod 1. Here (nk) is a sequence of integers satisfying a subHadamard growth condition and such that linear Diophantine equations in the variables nk do not have too many solutions. The proof depends on a martingale embedding of the empirical process; the number-theoretic structure of (nk) enters through the behavior of the square function of the martingale.
Rediscovering Education in Growth Regressions

This paper studies the puzzling lack of correlation between income and schooling in macro regressions. It is argued that the root of the puzzle is threefold. First, there is a problem of a proper definition of the way in which years of schooling should enter into a production function. Second, collinearity between physical and human capital stocks seriously undermines the ability of educational indicators to display any significance in growth regressions. Third, failure to cope with measurement error and endogeneity produces biased estimates. After dealing with these problems, the neoclassical approach to human capital is strongly supported by the data . Ce Document technique examine la curieuse absence de correlation entre le revenu et la scolarisation que l’on observe dans les regressions macro-economiques. Ce phenomene a trois origines. En premier lieu, un probleme de definition de la maniere d’integrer les annees de scolarisation dans une fonction de production. En deuxieme lieu, l’existence de colinearites entre les stocks de capital humain et physique affecte grandement la signification des indicateurs d’education dans les regressions de croissance. En troisieme lieu, la difficulte a corriger les erreurs de mesure et l’endogeneite introduit des biais dans les estimations. Une fois ces problemes resolus, il apparait que les donnees corroborent largement l’approche neoclassique du capital humain .
Comparative Numbers of Gray Bats (Myotis grisescens) at Four Maternity Caves in Northeastern Oklahoma in 1981 and 1991

The Oklahoma population of gray bats is mostly migratory, but may winter in isolated caves (3). This population inhabits the extreme southwestern portion of the species' range (the southwestern Ozark Plateau, where geologic and topographic features are conducive to deep cave formation). In other parts of its range, only five percent of available caves are suitable for habitation by gray bats (4). Oklahoma contains only a few sites suitable for gray bat occupancy. Because caves are utilized in all phases of this bat's life cycle (5), its distribution in Oklahoma is closely correlated to cave availability (6). The first documentation of the gray bat in Oklahoma was by Blair (7) from Adair and Cherokee Counties. Glass (8) also noted its occurrence at these same two sites. Additional locations were listed by Glass and Ward (9). They designated eight different caves that the gray bat occupied in Oklahoma. This bat is the only cave-dwelling species in eastern Oklahoma that roosts in large colonies, producing large guano piles on the cave floor. On the basis of individual sightings and observations of such guano accumulations, Looney (10) listed 13 caverns within the Oklahoma range that were either inhabited or formerly occupied by this bat.
Effect of season, weather and habitat on diet variation of a feeding- specialist: a case study of the long-eared owl, Asio otus in Central Poland

Diet variation of the long-eared owl, Asio otus in an agricultural landscape of Central Poland was investigated on the basis of pellets collected in the years 1983-2005. Diet composition in the spring-summer (16 April - 30 September) and autumn-winter (1 October - 15 April) seasons was compared and effect of ambient temperature, amount of precipitation and availability of foraging habitats on the long-eared owl diet variation was analysed. For diet description the multiple regression and PCA were used, and for habitat quality evaluation the GIS techniques were applied. Diet composition differed significantly between the seasons. In the autumn-winter period the contribution of Arvicolidae and of the main prey species, Microtus arvalis, decreased while the amount of murids, birds and amphibians increased significantly, as compared to the spring-summer season. The results did not confirm the influence of mean ambient temperature one month before pellet collection on diet composition. The amount of precipitation positively affected the share of Arvicolidae in the owl diet and was negatively correlated with the percentage of Muridae and with the food niche breadth of the owl. The higher percentage of Arvicolidae and the lower of Muridae in the diet corresponded to higher permanent grassland proportion around pellet collection sites. Mechanisms of habitat- and season-dependent diet variation are discussed.
Agronomic evaluation of nutrient management for potato in Northwest China

In northwest China the lack of knowledge on soil nutrient fertility and of appropriate nutrient management practices has restricted potato production. Field trials were conducted from 2002 to 2007 to determine the main limiting nutrients for potato (Solanum tuberosum L), and to evaluate the nutrient management practice (NMP) based on an Agro Services International (ASI) systematic approach. Results indicated that average potato yields in nutrient omission plots were in the order 0-N (22.2 t ha-1) ≈ 0-P (22.4 t ha-1) < 0-K (31.5 t ha-1). N deficiency is a general feature of irrigated potato in northwest region, but P and K supply are frequently additional limiting factors. The mean agronomic efficiencies (AE) of N, P and K were 34.4 kg tuber kg-1 N, 32.4 kg tuber kg-1 P2O5 and 41.3 kg tuber kg-1 K2O, respectively, and the mean partial factor productivities (PFP) of N, P and K were 220 kg tuber kg-1 N, 291 kg tuber kg-1 P2O5 and 306 kg tuber kg-1 K2O, respectively. There was a significant negative relationship between AE or PFP of N, P or K and the respective nutrient rate. The positive relationship between yield of nutrient omission plots and PFP and AE suggests nutrient use efficiency is affected by soil indigenous productivity. NMP based on an ASI systematic approach produced significant higher yields, nutrient use efficiencies and economic returns than farmer’s practice.
Quantitative MRI correlates with histological grade in a percutaneous needle injury mouse model of disc degeneration

Low back pain due to disc degeneration is a major cause of morbidity and health care expenditures worldwide. While stem cell‐based therapies hold promise for disc regeneration, there is an urgent need to develop improved in vivo animal models to further develop and validate these potential treatments. The objectives of this study were to characterize a percutaneous needle injury model of intervertebral disc degeneration in the mouse caudal spine, and compare two non‐invasive quantitative imaging techniques, microcomputed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), as effective measures of disc degeneration in this model. Percutaneous needle injury of mouse caudal discs was undertaken using different needle sizes and injury types (unilateral or bilateral annulus fibrosus (AF) puncture). Mice were euthanized 4 weeks post‐injury, and MRI and microcomputed tomography were used to determine T2 relaxation time of the NP and disc height index, respectively. Disc condition was then further assessed using semi‐quantitative histological grading. Bilateral AF puncture with either 27 or 29G needles resulted in significantly lower T2 relaxation times compared to uninjured controls, while disc height index was not significantly affected by any injury type. There was a strong, inverse linear relationship between histological grade and NP T2 relaxation time. In this study, we demonstrated that quantitative MRI can detect disc degeneration in the mouse caudal spine 4 weeks following percutaneous needle injury, and may therefore serve as a surrogate for histology in longitudinal studies of both disc degeneration and cell‐based therapies for disc regeneration using this model. © 2018 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 36:2771–2779, 2018.
Land use, development and social impact on Cape York Peninsula

This study is about the mechanisms of impact assessment, participation and decision-making in two recent development projects in Aboriginal domains in Cape York Peninsula. It investigates the degree to which Aboriginal perspectives are accommodated. Review of the case studies suggest that planning mechanisms do not facilitate the equitable reconciliation of Aboriginal concerns. The failure of contemporary planning regimes to accommodate Aboriginal concerns raises the potential for their marginalisation as the region is developed. These findings highlight the need for the reform of the institutional and legislative arrangements which govern development, impact assessment and planning. Bargaining theory is suggested as a framework for these
The Business Case for Women Leaders: Meta-Analysis, Research Critique, and Path Forward

Since the 1990s, a growing body of research has sought to quantify the relationship between women’s representation in leadership positions and organizational financial performance. Commonly known as the “business case” for women’s leadership, the idea is that having more women leaders is good for business. Through meta-analysis (k = 78, n = 117,639 organizations) of the direct effects of women’s representation in leadership (as CEOs, on top management teams, and on boards of directors) on financial performance, and tests that proxy theoretical arguments for moderated relationships, we call attention to equivocal findings. Our results suggest women’s leadership may affect firm performance in general and sales performance in particular. And women’s leadership—overall and, specifically, the presence of a female CEO—is more likely to positively relate to firms’ financial performance in more gender egalitarian cultures. Yet taking our findings as a whole, we argue that commonly used methods of testing the business case for women leaders may limit our ability as scholars to understand the value that women bring to leadership positions. We do not advocate that the business case be abandoned altogether but, rather, improved and refined. We name exemplary research studies to show how different perspectives on gender, alternative conceptualizations of value, and the specification of underlying mechanisms linking leadership to performance can generate changes in both the dominant ontology and the epistemology underlying this body of research.
The birds of the Thai-Malay Peninsula : covering Burma and Thailand south of the eleventh parallel, Peninsular Malaysia and Singapore

Galliformes Anseriformes Podicipediformes Procellariiformes Pelecaniformes Ciconiiformes Falconiformes Gruiformes Turniciformes Charadriiformes Columbiformes Psittaciformes Cuculiformes Strigiformes Caprimulgiformes Apodiformes Trogoniformes Bucerotiformes Upupiformes Coraciiformes Piciformes Subject Index
WHAT IS SOIL?

CLORPT Soils differ from one part of the world to another, and even from one part of a backyard to another. They differ because of where and how they formed. Over time, five major factors control how a soil forms. They are climate, organisms, relief (landscape), parent material, and time--or CLORPT, for short. Each teaspoonful of soil contains billions of microorganisms like this soil fungus. Photo: USDA-ARS.
The Short-Run Employment Effects of the German Minimum Wage Reform

We assess the short-term employment effects of the introduction of a national statutory minimum wage in Germany in 2015. For this purpose, we exploit variation in the regional treatment intensity, assuming that the stronger a minimum wage "bites" into the regional wage distribution, the stronger the regional labour market will be affected. In contrast to previous studies, we draw upon detailed individual wage data from the Structure of Earnings Survey (SES) 2014 and combine it with administrative information on regional employment. Moreover, using the Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP), we are able to affirm the absence of anticipation effects and verify the assumption of a common trend in wages before the reform. Based on hourly wages, we compute two regional bite indicators A¢â‚¬â€œ the share of affected employees and the Kaitz index A¢â‚¬â€œ for 141 regional labour markets. In order to get a broader picture, we construct and compare a variety of these measures, including a bite based on full-time workers only. All of these display a considerably strong correlation. Overall, we do not find a pronounced significant effect on regular (full- and part-time) employment in most specifications, although some estimations yield a small significant reduction amounting to 78,000 (roughly 0.3% of all regular jobs). The results concerning marginal employment are more pronounced. We find evidence that mini-jobs dropped substantially from 2014 to 2015, making for a reduction of about 180,000 jobs (about 2.4% of all mini-jobs). This result is robust to a variety of sensitivity tests.