Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Vertical carrier transport in InGaAsP multiple-quantum-well laser structures: effect of p-doping

Carrier transport across p-doped quantum wells (QWs) has been measured by time-resolved photoluminescence for a number of InGaAsP multiple-quantum-well (MQW) laser structures with different structural parameters. The transport times are found to be of the order of tens of picoseconds. This shows that the interwell carrier transport is a limiting factor in high-speed laser modulation schemes. Modeling of the experiments reveals that carrier transport proceeds with a mobility which is carrier density and time dependent. Even at low-carrier densities, the interwell transport is largely limited by the holes. The p-doping of the QW region is found to be ineffective for speeding-up the interwell carrier transport.
The spatial patterns of diversity and their relationships with environments in rhizosphere microorganisms and host plants differ along elevational gradients

Introduction Identifying spatial patterns of biodiversity along elevational gradients provides a unified framework for understanding these patterns and predicting ecological responses to climate change. Moreover, microorganisms and plants are closely interconnected (e.g., via the rhizosphere) and thus may share spatial patterns of diversity and show similar relationships with environments. Methods This study compared diversity patterns and relationships with environments in host plants and rhizosphere microorganisms (including various functional groups) along elevational gradients across three climatic zones. Results We found that above-and belowground diversity decreased monotonically or showed a hump-shaped or U-shaped pattern along elevation gradients. However, the diversity patterns of plants, bacteria, and fungi varied depending on the taxon and climatic zone. Temperature and humidity strongly contribute to above-and belowground diversity patterns and community composition along elevational gradients. Nonetheless, soil factors might be important regulators of diversity patterns and the community composition of plants and microorganisms along these gradients. Structural equation modeling revealed that environmental factors had a stronger direct effect on rhizosphere microbial diversity than host plant diversity. Discussion In sum, spatial patterns of diversity and their relationships with environments in rhizosphere microorganisms and their host plants differed at the regional scale. Different functional groups (e.g., pathogen, mycorrhiza and nitrifier) of soil microorganisms may have divergent elevational patterns and environmental responses. These data improve our understanding of elevational diversity patterns, and provide new insights into the conservation of biodiversity and ecosystem management, especially under climate change.
High-Density Amorphous Ice, the Frost on Interstellar Grains

Most water ice in the universe is in a form which does not occur naturally on Earth and of which only minimal amounts have been made in the laboratory. We have encountered this 'high-density amorphous ice' in electron diffraction experiments of low-temperature (T less than 30 K) vapor-deposited water and have subsequently modeled its structure using molecular dynamics simulations. The characteristic feature of high-density amorphous ice is the presence of 'interstitial' oxygen pair distances between 3 and 4 A. However, we find that the structure is best described as a collapsed lattice of the more familiar low-density amorphous form. These distortions are frozen in at temperatures below 38 K because, we propose, it requires the breaking of one hydrogen bond, on average, per molecule to relieve the strain and to restructure the lattice to that of low-density amorphous ice. Several features of astrophysical ice analogs studied in laboratory experiments are readily explained by the structural transition from high-density amorphous ice into low-density amorphous ice. Changes in the shape of the 3.07 gm water band, trapping efficiency of CO, CO loss, changes in the CO band structure, and the recombination of radicals induced by low-temperature UV photolysis all covary with structural changes that occur in the ice during this amorphous to amorphous transition. While the 3.07 micrometers ice band in various astronomical environments can be modeled with spectra of simple mixtures of amorphous and crystalline forms, the contribution of the high-density amorphous form nearly always dominates.
The neurocognitive basis of Chinese idiomatic constructions and processing differences between native speakers and L2 learners of Mandarin

Classic linguistic analyses assume that syntax is the center of linguistic system. Under this assumption, a finite set of rules can produce an infinite number of sentences. By contrast, construction grammar posits that grammar emerges from language use. Chinese quadrisyllabic idiomatic expressions (QIEs) offer a testing ground for this theoretical construct owing to their high productivity. To understand the cognitive processing of structure and meaning during reading comprehension, we used a semantic judgment task to measure behavioral performance and brain activation (functional MRI). Participants were 19 Mandarin native speakers and 19 L2 learners of intermediate and advanced levels of Mandarin. In the task, participants were instructed to indicate whether the interpretation of a QIE was correct. Our behavioral results showed that L2 learners processed high frequency QIEs faster than low frequency ones. By contrast, low frequency QIEs were processed faster than high frequency ones by native speakers. This phenomenon may be attributed to semantic satiation which impedes the interpretation of high frequency QIEs. To unravel the puzzle, a further functional MRI experiment on native speakers was conducted. The results revealed that the comparison of high-frequency and low-frequency QIEs promoted significant anterior cingulate activation. Also, the comparison of idiomatic and pseudo-idiomatic constructions exhibited significant activation in the bilateral temporal poles, a region that computes semantics rather than syntactic structure. This result indicated that, for native speakers, processing Chinese idiomatic constructions is a conceptually driven process.
Spectral Diagnostics of Blazar Central Engines. II. Hydromagnetic Theory

This article presents hydromagnetic theory that is capable of explaining the fundamental physics responsible for correlations between spectral shape in the radio to submillimeter band with other observable characteristics of core-dominated radio sources presented in a companion paper. The basic model consists of a rotating black hole surrounded by an accretion disk. Large-scale magnetic flux threads the accretion disk, the event horizon of the black hole, and the ergospheric gap in between. It is concluded that there are two dominant components, the ergospheric disk-driven wind and the horizon magnetosphere-driven wind. For the first time, all three potential magnetized plasma wind generation regions are studied in unison instead of in isolation. This drastically changes one's interpretation of the achievable energy flux driven by a particular power source. A key new result is that quite generally, the accretion disk-driven wind is much weaker than the ergosphere-driven wind in powerful radio sources. The ergospheric disk-driven wind is by far the most powerful energy source associated with rapidly rotating black holes. It is argued to be prominent in quasars, and it is the primary conduit of energy for the VLBI jet and the large-scale radio emission in these sources. The horizon magnetospheric wind is associated with blazar activity and γ-ray emission. In the theory, BL Lac objects contain “ slow” rotating black holes in general and have a weak ergospheric disk-driven wind. Thus, the horizon magnetosphere-driven wind is prominent in BL Lac objects in both the VLBI jet and the unresolved core. This two-component model not only explains the spectral correlations found in the companion paper, but it predicts evolutionary effects in extragalactic radio sources that agree with observation, including evolution in the 3CR catalog of radio sources, and the redshift distribution of BL Lac objects and quasars. It also presents plausible explanations of the maximum intrinsic luminosities detected in FR II radio sources as well as FR I radio sources.
Phytochemical Composition and Bioactive Potential of Melissa officinalis L., Salvia officinalis L. and Mentha spicata L. Extracts

Plants are rich in bioactive phytochemicals that often display medicinal properties. These can play an important role in the production of health-promoting food additives and the replacement of artificial ones. In this sense, this study aimed to characterise the polyphenolic profile and bioactive properties of the decoctions, infusions and hydroethanolic extracts of three plants: lemon balm (Melissa officinalis L.), sage (Salvia officinalis L.) and spearmint (Mentha spicata L.). Total phenolic content ranged from 38.79 mg/g extract to 84.51 mg/g extract, depending on the extract. The main phenolic compound detected in all cases was rosmarinic acid. The results highlighted that some of these extracts may have the ability to prevent food spoilage (due to antibacterial and antifungal effects) and promote health benefits (due to anti-inflammatory and antioxidant capacities) while not displaying toxicity against healthy cells. Furthermore, although no anti-inflammatory capacity was observed from sage extracts, these stood out for often displaying the best outcomes in terms of other bioactivities. Overall, the results of our research provide insight into the potential of plant extracts as a source of active phytochemicals and as natural food additives. They also support the current trends in the food industry of replacing synthetic additives and developing foods with added beneficial health effects beyond basic nutrition.
TP63 Functions as a Tumor Suppressor Regulated by GAS5/miR-221-3p Signaling Axis in Human Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Cells

Background Tumor protein p63 (TP63) has been proven to play a role as a tumor suppressor in some human cancers, including non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). This study aimed to investigate the mechanism of TP63 and analyze the underlying pathway dysregulating TP63 in NSCLC. Methods RT-qPCR and Western blotting assays were used to determine gene expression in NSCLC cells. The luciferase reporter assay was performed to explore the transcriptional regulation. Flow cytometry was used to analyze the cell cycle and cell apoptosis. Transwell and CCK-8 assays were performed to test cell invasion and cell proliferation, respectively. Results GAS5 interacted with miR-221-3p, and its expression was significantly reduced in NSCLC. GAS5, as a molecular sponge, upregulated the mRNA and protein levels of TP63 by inhibiting miR-221-3p in NSCLC cells. The upregulation of GAS5 inhibited cell proliferation, apoptosis, and invasion, which was partially reversed by the knockdown of TP63. Interestingly, we found that GAS5-induced TP63 upregulation promoted tumor chemotherapeutic sensitivity to cisplatin therapy in vivo and in vitro. Conclusion Our results revealed the mechanism by which GAS5 interacts with miR-221-3p to regulate TP63, and targeting GAS5/miR-221-3p/TP63 may be a potential therapeutic strategy for NSCLC cells.
Tail index estimation for heavy‐tailed models: accommodation of bias in weighted log‐excesses

Summary. We are interested in the derivation of the distributional properties of a weighted log‐excesses estimator of a positive tail index γ. One of the main objectives of such an estimator is the accommodation of the dominant component of asymptotic bias, together with the maintenance of the asymptotic variance of the maximum likelihood estimator of γ, under a strict Pareto model. We consider the external estimation not only of a second‐order shape parameter ρ but also of a second‐order scale parameter β. This will enable us to reduce the asymptotic variance of the final estimators under consideration, compared with second‐order reduced bias estimators that are already available in the literature. The second‐order reduced bias estimators that are considered are also studied for finite samples, through Monte Carlo techniques, as well as applied to real data in the field of finance.
Internet Gaming Disorders and Early Onset Psychosis in Young People: A Case Study and Clinical Observations

Background: Over the last ten years, the video game industry has grown exponentially, involving about 2.5 billion young adults in the world. The estimated global prevalence of gaming addiction has been reported to be 3.5% ranging from 0.21% to 57.5% in the general population. Moreover, during the recent COVID-19 pandemic period, school closures and stay-at-home measures have also further increased the opportunities for prolonged and intensified playing of video games. Little is known about the relationship between IGD and psychosis, and the literature is still scarce. Some characteristics of patients with psychosis, particularly those with a first-episode psychosis (FEP), may suggest that these individuals would be particularly liable to develop IGD. Case presentation: We report two cases of young patients with to Internet gaming disorder, experiencing early onset psychosis treated with antipsychotic therapy. Conclusion: Although it is difficult to show the specific mechanisms underlying the psychopathological alterations in IGD, it is clear that excessive exposure to video games could be a risk factor for precipitating psychosis especially in a vulnerable age group such as adolescence. Clinicians should be aware of the possibility of a higher risk of psychotic onset associated specifically with gaming disorders in very young people.
Influence of Genetic Variations in miRNA and Genes Encoding Proteins in the miRNA Synthesis Complex on Toxicity of the Treatment of Pediatric B-Cell ALL in the Brazilian Amazon

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most common childhood cancer in the world. Single nucleotide variants (SNVs) in miRNA and genes encoding proteins of the miRNA synthesis complex (SC) may affect the processing of drugs used in the treatment of ALL, resulting in treatment-related toxicities (TRTs). We investigated the role of 25 SNVs in microRNA genes and genes encoding proteins of the miRNA SC, in 77 patients treated for ALL-B from the Brazilian Amazon. The 25 SNVs were investigated using the TaqMan® OpenArray™ Genotyping System. SNVs rs2292832 (MIR149), rs2043556 (MIR605), and rs10505168 (MIR2053) were associated with an increased risk of developing Neurological Toxicity, while rs2505901 (MIR938) was associated with protection from this toxicity. MIR2053 (rs10505168) and MIR323B (rs56103835) were associated with protection from gastrointestinal toxicity, while DROSHA (rs639174) increased the risk of development. The rs2043556 (MIR605) variant was related to protection from infectious toxicity. SNVs rs12904 (MIR200C), rs3746444 (MIR499A), and rs10739971 (MIRLET7A1) were associated with a lower risk for severe hematologic toxicity during ALL treatment. These findings reveal the potential for the use of these genetic variants to understand the development of toxicities related to the treatment of ALL in patients from the Brazilian Amazon region.
Do environmental messages emphasising binding morals promote conservatives’ pro-environmentalism? A pre-registered replication

Past studies indicated that environmental messages incorporating binding morals (i.e., loyalty/betrayal, authority/subversion, purity/degradation) were effective in reducing the negative association between political conservatism and pro-environmentalism. We conceptually replicated and extended this finding through open science practices. In a pilot study, we constructed three environmental messages incorporating each binding moral based on previous relevant studies, and confirmed their validity (96 U.S. adults, 50% women). We then investigated the independent effects of these binding moral messages on pro-environmentalism across the political spectrum (705 U.S. adults, 56.6% women). Contrasting with our expectations and previous findings, we found no evidence that these environmental messages emphasising distinct binding morals were more effective than a control environmental message in attenuating the political polarisation on conservation intentions and willingness to receive more information about environmental protection. Simply adding binding morals content in environmental messaging may not be useful in promoting conservatives’ pro-environmental engagement. We further discuss future research as well as the limitations of this research.
Profile of a Food-Insecure College Student at a Major Southeastern University: A Randomized Cross-Sectional Study

Ten percent of Americans are food-insecure. Few known studies have accessed college food insecurity via random sampling. An online cross-sectional survey (n = 1087) was distributed via email to a random sample of undergraduate college students. Food insecurity was determined by the USDA Food Security Short Form. Data were analyzed using JMP Pro. Results: Thirty-six percent of the students were food-insecure. Most food-insecure students were enrolled full-time (93.6%), female (81.2%), received financial aid (77.9%), lived off-campus (75.0%), non-white (59.6%), and employed (51.7%). Food-insecure students had a significantly lower GPA (p < 0.001 *), were more likely to be non-white (p < 0.0001 *), and were more likely to have received financial aid compared to food-secure students (p < 0.0001 *). Food-insecure students were significantly more likely to have lived in government housing, had free or reduced lunch, used SNAP and WIC benefits, and received food from a food bank during childhood (p < 0.0001 * for all). Food-insecure students were significantly less likely to report that they experienced a food shortage to counseling and wellness personnel, a resident assistant, and their parents (p < 0.05 * for all). Discussion: College students might be at greater risk for food insecurity if they are non-white, first-generation students, employed, on financial aid, and have a history of accessing government assistance during childhood.
Prevalence of Depression in Patients with Type 1 Diabetes between 10 and 17 Years of Age in Jordan

Methods The study was conducted by distributing the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale for Children (CES-DC) to adolescents with T1D seen at Jordan University Hospital between February 2019 and February 2020. Demographic, clinical, and socioeconomic data were collected using electronic clinical charts. Possible predictors of depression were assessed using logistic regression analysis. Results A total of 108 children were enrolled in the study with mean age of 13.7 ± 2.3 years. Fifty-eight children (53.7%) had a CES depression score less than 15, and 50 children (46.3%) had a depression score of 15 or more. The number of diabetes-related hospital admissions and the frequency of self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) were significantly different between the two groups. In the multivariable analysis, both gender and SMBG frequency were statistically significant. Girls were more likely to have a depression score ≥ 15 (OR = 3.41, p = 0.025) than boys. Patients who were rarely testing blood glucose levels were more likely to have a depression score ≥ 15 compared to those who were testing regularly (OR = 36.57, p = 0.002). Conclusion The prevalence of depressive symptoms is relatively high in adolescents with T1D, especially in those living in developing countries. Longer diabetes duration, higher glycated hemoglobin level, and less frequent blood glucose monitoring are associated with higher depression scores.
Precipitation Calibration Based on the Frequency-Matching Method

AbstractA postprocessing technique is employed to correct model bias for precipitation fields in real time based on a comparison of the frequency distributions of observed and forecast precipitation amounts. Essentially, a calibration is made by defining an adjustment to the forecast value in such a way that the adjusted cumulative forecast distribution over a moving time window dynamically matches the corresponding observed distribution accumulated over a domain of interest, for example, the entire conterminous United States (CONUS), or different River Forecast Center (RFC) regions in the cases examined herein. In particular, the Kalman filter method is used to catch the flow dependence and bias information. Calibration is done on a pointwise basis for a specified domain. Using this unique technique, the calibration of precipitation forecasts for the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) Global Ensemble Forecast System (GEFS) was implemented in May 2004. To further satisfy various users, a.
Unsteady flow past a rotating circular cylinder at Reynolds numbers 103 and 104

The unsteady flow past a circular cylinder which starts translating and rotating impulsively from rest in a viscous fluid is investigated both theoretically and experimentally in the Reynolds number range 103 [les ] R [les ] 104 and for rotational to translational surface speed ratios between 0.5 and 3. The theoretical study is based on numerical solutions of the two-dimensional unsteady Navier–Stokes equations while the experimental investigation is based on visualization of the flow using very fine suspended particles. The object of the study is to examine the effect of increase of rotation on the flow structure. There is excellent agreement between the numerical and experimental results for all speed ratios considered, except in the case of the highest rotation rate. Here three-dimensional effects become more pronounced in the experiments and the laminar flow breaks down, while the calculated flow starts to approach a steady state. For lower rotation rates a periodic structure of vortex evolution and shedding develops in the calculations which is repeated exactly as time advances. Another feature of the calculations is the discrepancy in the lift and drag forces at high Reynolds numbers resulting from solving the boundary-layer limit of the equations of motion rather than the full Navier–Stokes equations. Typical results are given for selected values of the Reynolds number and rotation rate.
POWER COMPARISON OF SOME TESTS FOR DETECTING A CHANGE IN THE MULTIVARIATE MEAN

Using Monte Carlo methods, we compare the power of three tests based on each of N ≥ 2 p-dimensional random vectors x 1,…,x N to decide if the means μi of the x i's are all equal against the alternative that a change has occurred at some point r (i.e., μ1 = μ2 = ··· = μ r ≠ μ r+1 = μ N ). The vectors x i are assumed to have multivariate normal distributions with common unknown covariance matrix Σ. Two of these tests, a likelihood ratio test and a generalization of Bayes test have been proposed by Srivastava and the third test is a generalization of a test proposed by Sen and Srivastava. It is found that for detecting moderate to large shifts, the test based on the LR statistics performs best when the change occurs near the beginning or the end, while the generalization of Sen and Srivastava's test performs best when the change occurs near the middle. A third test, a multivariate generalization of a univariate Bayes test is slightly inferior. However, for detecting small shifts, or for large sample sizes (N≥60) and moderate p, all three tests perform similarly in the cases we considered. The sequential stopping rule along with pinching-algorithm of Dunn are used to provide tables of simulated percentiles.