Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Varenicline, a Partial Agonist at Neuronal Nicotinic Receptors, Reduces Nicotine-Induced Increases in 20% Ethanol Operant Self-Administration in Sprague-Dawley Rats

Alcohol and nicotine use disorders are often treated as separate diseases, despite evidence that approximately 80–90% of alcohol dependent individuals are also heavy smokers. Both nicotine and ethanol have been shown to interact with neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs), suggesting these receptors are a common biological target for the effects of nicotine and ethanol in the brain. There are few studies that have examined the effects of co-administered nicotine and ethanol on the activity of nAChRs in rodents. In the present study, we show that Sprague-Dawley rats, a strain often used for nicotine studies but not as often for voluntary ethanol intake studies, will consume 20% ethanol using both the intermittent-access two-bottle-choice and operant self-administration models without the need for sucrose fading. We show that nicotine (0.2mg/kg and 0.8mg/kg, s.c.) significantly increases operant 20% ethanol self-administration and varenicline (2mg/kg, s.c), a partial agonist at nAChRs, significantly decreases operant ethanol self-administration and nicotine-induced increases in ethanol self-administration. This suggests that nAChRs play an important role in increasing ethanol self-administration and that varenicline may be an efficacious treatment for alcohol and nicotine co-dependencies.
Assessing the content validity of Perjura using content validity ratio

The main intention of this research is to examine the content validity of Marine Engineer Personality Inventory or PERJURA for student candidates of Diploma in Marine Engineering course at Malaysian Polytechnics by using Content Validity Ratio (CVR). The assessment was conducted through the evaluation among 14 subject matter experts (SME) selected via judgment sampling. Seven professional university experts involved with the expertise in psychology, psychometric, educational measurement and linguistics. The field experts specializing in particular fields of study consisted of seven practitioners who worked in the polytechnics field and maritime industry. The instrument involved 288 items with six main constructs. The results of the research show that the instrument has a good content validity and proved that PERJURA has great potential to be promoted as a good measurement instrument of personality screening for Marine Engineering student selection process. It is recommended to apply more sophisticated statistical analysis, such as the Item Response Theory (IRT) model for elaborating on quality items.
The lateral variation of P n velocity gradient under Eurasia Geophysical Solid Earth

Mantle lid P wave velocity gradient, or P n velocity gradient, re ﬂ ects the depth and lateral variations of thermal and rheological state of the uppermost mantle. Mapping the P n velocity gradient and its lateral variation helps us gain insight into the temperature, composition, and dynamics of the uppermost mantle. In addition, because P n velocity gradient has profound in ﬂ uence on P n propagation behavior, an accurate mapping of P n velocity gradient also improves the modeling and prediction of P n travel times and amplitudes. In this study, I used measured P n travel times to derive path-speci ﬁ c P n velocity gradients. I then inverted these velocity gradients for two-dimensional (2-D) P n velocity-gradient models for Eurasia based on the assumption that a path-speci ﬁ c P n velocity gradient is the mean of laterally varying P n velocity gradients along the P n path. Result from a Monte Carlo simulation indicates that the assumption is appropriate. The 2-D velocity-gradient models show that most of Eurasia has positive velocity gradients. High velocity gradients exist mainly in tectonically active regions. Most tectonically stable regions show low and more uniform velocity gradients. Strong velocity-gradient variations occur largely along convergent plate boundaries, particularly under overriding plates.
CellsHuman Intestinal Microvascular Endothelial Mechanisms of Endotoxin Tolerance in

Lipopolysaccharide (endotoxin) tolerance is well described in monocytes and macrophages, but is less well characterized in endothelial cells. Because intestinal microvascular endothelial cells exhibit a strong immune response to LPS challenge and play a critical regulatory role in gut inﬂammation, we sought to characterize the activation response of these cells to repeated LPS exposure. Primary cultures of human intestinal microvascular endothelial cells (HIMEC) were stimulated with LPS over 6–60 h and activation was assessed using U937 leukocyte adhesion, expression of E-selectin, ICAM-1, VCAM-1, IL-6, IL-8, manganese superoxide dismutase, HLA-DR, and CD86. Effect of repeat LPS stimulation on HIMEC NF- (cid:1) B and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) activation, generation of superoxide anion, and Toll-like receptor 4 expression was characterized. LPS pretreatment of HIMEC for 24–48 h signiﬁcantly decreased leukocyte adhesion after subsequent LPS stimulation. LPS pretreatment inhibited expression of E-selectin, VCAM-1, IL-6, and CD86, while ICAM-1, IL-8, and HLA-DR were not altered. Manganese superoxide dismutase expression increased with repeated LPS stimulation, with a reduction in intracellular superoxide. NF- (cid:1) B activation was transiently inhibited by LPS pretreatment for 6 h, but not at later time points. In contrast, p44/42 MAPK, p38 MAPK, and c-Jun N-terminal kinase activation demonstrated inhibition by LPS pretreatment 24 or 48 h prior. Toll-like receptor 4 on
Gene Dosage-Dependent Negative Regulatory Role of (cid:1) -Arrestin-2 in Polymicrobial Infection-Induced Inﬂammation

(cid:1) -arrestin-2 ( (cid:1) -arr2) is a scaffolding protein of the arrestin family with a wide variety of cellular functions. Recent studies have demonstrated differential roles for (cid:1) -arr2 in inﬂammation following endotoxemia and cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) models of sepsis. Because CLP-induced inﬂammation involves response to fecal contents and necrotic cecum in addition to microbial challenge, in this study, we examined the role of (cid:1) -arr2 in an exclusively polymicrobial infection (PMI) model. In addition, we examined the role of gene dosage of (cid:1) -arr2 in polymicrobial sepsis. Our studies demonstrate that (cid:1) -arr2 is a negative regulator of systemic inﬂammation in response to polymicrobial infection and that one allele is sufﬁcient for this process. Our results further reveal that loss of (cid:1) -arr2 leads to increased neutrophil sequestration and overt inﬂammation speciﬁcally in the lungs following polymicrobial infection. Consistent with this, speciﬁc NF- (cid:2) B and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways were differentially activated in the (cid:1) -arr2 knockout (KO) mice lungs compared to the wild type (WT) following PMI. Associated with enhanced inﬂammation in the KO mice, PMI-induced mortality was also signiﬁcantly higher in KO mice than in WT mice. To understand the differential role of (cid:1) -arr2 in different sepsis models, we used cell culture systems to evaluate inﬂammatory cytokine production following endotoxin and polymicrobial stimulation. Our results demonstrate cell-type- as well as stimulus-speciﬁc roles for (cid:1) -arr2 in inﬂammation. Taken together, our results reveal a negative regulatory role for (cid:1) -arr2 in polymicrobial infection-induced inﬂammation and further demonstrate that one allele of (cid:1) -arr2 is sufﬁcient to mediate most of these effects.
Partial Report is the Wrong Paradigm independent of the general-purpose information processes known as access’? The dominant methodology for supporting this independence hypothesis appeals

Citing this paper Please note that where the full-text provided on King's Research Portal is the Author Accepted Manuscript or Post-Print version this may differ from the final Published version. If citing, it is advised that you check and use the publisher's definitive version for pagination, volume/issue, and date of publication details. And where the final published version is provided on the Research Portal, if citing you are again advised to check the publisher's website for any subsequent corrections.
A standardized protocol for motion recordings of the shoulder

The comparison and exchange of motion data is hampered by the lack of a standardized description. A standard is proposed for the description of three-dimensional motions of the shoulder. It is shown how the known 3-D motion recording methods (roentgen, palpation and video) can adapt to the proposed protocol. Three steps are involved: Determination of local co-ordinate systems using bony landmarks, use of tracking markers to measure rotations of the local co-ordinate systems and choice of reference frame and order of Euler angles for motion description.
Reduced Collatz Dynamics Data Reveals Properties for the Future Proof of Collatz Conjecture

: Collatz conjecture is also known as 3 X + 1 conjecture. For verifying the conjecture, we designed an algorithm that can output reduced dynamics (occurred 3 × x + 1 or x / 2 computations from a starting integer to the first integer smaller than the starting integer) and original dynamics of integers (from a starting integer to 1). Especially, the starting integer has no upper bound. That is, extremely large integers with length of about 100,000 bits, e.g., 2 100000 − 1, can be verified for Collatz conjecture, which is much larger than current upper bound (about 2 60 ). We analyze the properties of those data (e.g., reduced dynamics) and discover the following laws; reduced dynamics is periodic and the period is the length of its reduced dynamics; the count of x / 2 equals to minimal integer that is not less than the count of (3 × x + 1) / 2 times ln(1.5) / ln(2). Besides, we observe that all integers are partitioned regularly in half and half iteratively along with the prolonging of reduced dynamics, thus given a reduced dynamics we can compute a residue class that presents this reduced dynamics by a proposed algorithm. It creates one-to-one mapping between a reduced dynamics and a residue class. These observations from data can reveal the properties of reduced dynamics, which are proved mathematically in our other papers (see references). If it can be proved that every integer has reduced dynamics, then every integer will have original dynamics (i.e., Collatz conjecture will be true). The data set includes reduced dynamics of all odd positive integers in [3, 99999999] whose remainder is 3 when dividing 4, original dynamics of some extremely large integers, and all computer source codes in C that implement our proposed algorithms for generating data (i.e., reduced or original dynamics). Dataset: Available in Supplementary Materials . Dataset License: CC-BY
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa Secreted Protein PA3611 Promotes Bronchial Epithelial Cells Epithelial- Mesenchymal Transition Through TGF-β1 Inducing p38/miRNA/NF-κB Pathway

Lei Shu Nanjing Medical University Second Clinical Medical College: Nanjing Medical University Second A liated Hospital Sixia Chen Nanjing Medical University Second Clinical Medical College: Nanjing Medical University Second A liated Hospital Xiaolin Chen Sir Run Run Hospital Nanjing Medical University Shaoqing Lin Nanjing Medical University Second Clinical Medical College: Nanjing Medical University Second A liated Hospital Xingran Du Nanjing Medical University Second A liated Hospital Kaili Deng Sir Run Run Hospital Nanjing Medical University Jing Wei Sir Run Run Hospital Nanjing Medical University Yang Cao Sir Run Run Hospital Nanjing Medical University Jiaxin Yan Sir Run Run Hospital Nanjing Medical University Ziyan Shen Nanjing Medical University Second Clinical Medical College: Nanjing Medical University Second A liated Hospital Ganzhu Feng (  fenggz@njmu.edu.cn ) Nanjing Medical University Second A liated Hospital https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0130-7624
Association of Interleukin-10 Promoter Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (cid:1) 819 T/C and (cid:1) 592 A/C With Aging

Increased inﬂammatory activity is known to accompany aging. Single nucleotide polymorphisms of inﬂammatory mediator genes might therefore affect the aging process. Relation of eight SNPs (tumor necrosis factor- a [TNF- a ] (cid:1) 1031 T/C, interleukin-10 [IL-10] (cid:1) 819 T/C, IL-1 b (cid:1) 511 C/ T, IL-6 (cid:1) 634 C/G, IL-18 (cid:1) 607 A/C, transforming growth factor- b [TGF- b ] þ 869 C/ T, matrix metalloproteinase-1 [MMP-1] (cid:1) 1607 1G/2G, and MMP-3 (cid:1) 1171 5A/6A) with age or gender was evaluated in 500 Japanese persons (mean age: 56.7 years old, range: 19–100) by the chi-square test. There was a signiﬁcant association of IL-10 (cid:1) 819 T/C with age ( p ¼ .0026). The association remained signiﬁcant after multivariate logistic regression analysis (odds ratio for an age interval for 1 year, 1.009; 95% CI, 1.002–1.016). Furthermore, the genotype distribution of IL-10 (cid:1) 819 T/C was completely consistent with that of (cid:1) 592 A/C. These data suggest that IL-10 (cid:1) 819 T/C and (cid:1)
PROPHYLAXIS OF INFLUENZA IN THE ELDERY. IS THERE ANY ALTERNATIVE?

prevention of influenza / influenza-like illnesses are considered. The extraskeletal effects of vitamin D are analyzed. The interest in vitamin D extraskeletal effects has rapidly grown over the last thirty years due to the identification of Vitamin D receptors (VDRs) in different systems, organs, and cell types. The effects of 1.25 (OH) 2D3 on regulation of both inherent and adaptive immune systems are string and their evaluation has been just started. VDR was detected in activated CD4+ and CD8 + T cells, B cells, neutrophils, monocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells. The results of the meta-analysis twenty five randomized controlled trials (11,321 participants aged from 0 to 95 years) published by Adrian R. Martineau et al. were presented. The meta-analysis has found that adding vitamin D reduced the risk of acute respiratory infections among all the participants (0.88 corrected odds ratio, 95% 0.81-0.96 confidence interval, P for heterogeneity <0.001). Vitamin D did not affect a part of participants who experience at least one serious adverse event (corrected odds ratio of 0.98, 0.80-1.20, P=0.83). It was finally concluded that the vitamin D supplement was safe and generally protected against acute respiratory infections. A conclusion was drawn on the need for a large clinical trial comparing the efficacy and safety of a flu vaccine and vitamin D3.
Edinburgh Research Explorer SERMs have substance specific effects on bone and these effects are mediated via ERAF-1 in female mice

SERMs have substance-speciﬁc effects on bone, and these effects are mediated via ER (cid:2) AF-1 in female mice. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab E912–E918, bone-sparing effect of estrogens Bluehill 2.6 custom-made For statistical evaluation, Student’s t -test with Bonferroni correction was used for comparing the E 2 -, Ral-, Las-, and Bza-treated groups with the Veh-treated group (4 comparisons).
Periodic orbits in the restricted three body problem with earth-moon masses

A systematic numerical investigation has been made of symmetric periodic orbits in the restricted three-body problem with two dimensions and with earthmoon mass ratio. Several thousands of periodic orbits have been obtained by numerical integration and have been classified in families. The present report describes 1811 periodic orbits, which are contained in 10 of the most important families. They represent most of the simpler forms of periodic orbits that are symmetric with respect to the syzygy axis. In order to have reasonable assurance of the consistency of our classification, the orbits of each family have been computed with a somewhat greater than usual density, as compared with many other publications on this subject. However, no mathematical proofs are given here for the subdivision into families. The report contains an elementary theoretical introduction to the restricted three-body problem preceding the description of the orbits and their stability. Tables with the numerical data of the orbits have also been included. viii JPL TECHNICAL REPORT 32-1168 Periodic Orbits in the Restricted Three-Body Problem With Earth-Moon Masses
DMSO_A_287582 647..657

College of TCM, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, People’s Republic of China Background and Purpose: ShengMai-San (SMS) is traditionally used to treat ischemic cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Recently, several studies have reported the cardioprotective effects of SMS in diabetic animals. However, the potential mechanisms have not yet been fully elucidated. In this study, we investigated whether SMS exerts a beneficial effect in diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) by alleviating NADPH oxidase (NOX)-mediated oxidative stress. Methods: SD rats were randomly divided into a negative control group (NC), diabetes mellitus group (DM) and SMS-treated group (SMS). The myocardial structure alterations, apoptosis and biomarkers of oxidative stress were observed. Moreover, to explore the protective mechanism of SMS, the activation of AMPKα, expression and translocation of NOX-related proteins were assessed. Results: Diabetes led to excessive collagen content, fibrosis, and apoptosis in the myocardium. Oxidative stress in diabetic hearts was indicated by low levels of T-AOC, high levels of 8-isoPGF2α and 8-OHdG, inactivation of AMPKα, elevated expression of NOX2 and NOX4 and translocation of NOX isoforms p47phox and p67phox. Treatment with SMS for 10 weeks resulted in the alleviation of diabetes-associated myocardial structure abnormalities and apoptosis. Additionally, SMS attenuated the accumulation of oxidative stress markers in myocardial tissue. Further investigation showed that SMS was able to reverse the levels of oxidative stress-associated proteins NOX2 and NOX4 in the DM rats. Moreover, SMS treatment blunted the translocation of NADPH oxidase isoforms p47phox and p67phox as well. Furthermore, SMS promoted the activation of AMPK in the cardiac tissue of diabetic rats. Conclusion: These findings indicate that SMS exhibits therapeutic properties against diabetic cardiomyopathy by attenuating myocardial oxidative damage via activation of AMPKα and inhibition of NOX signaling.
An approach for forecasting the Onion Price volatility in Indian Wholesale Markets using hybrid GARCH-LSTM Deep learning models

The fluctuations in the Onion prices have led to political and economic ramifications in countries such as India. In this study, we intend to estimate and then forecast the price volatility of Onion sales prices in major Indian wholesale markets. Initially, we take daily price data from major vegetable wholesale markets across India and simulate them to compute corresponding daily conditional volatilities using the traditional GARCH method. We then forecast the volatilities for the upcoming 10,15 and 21 days using the same traditional GARCH method and compare its forecasting accuracy with recent AI-led models. According to our comparisons, the deep learning-based LSTM model with various configurations provides superior results when compared to other traditional models with the highest accuracy in more than 70% of the cases. We expect that the given study could help the policymakers in managing sufficient buffer stock levels and the food supply chain stakeholders in hedging against the overall market risks due to the fluctuations in prices.
R5 Human Immunodeﬁciency Virus Type 1 (HIV-1) Replicates More Efﬁciently in Primary CD4 (cid:1) T-Cell Cultures Than X4 HIV-1

In this report, we present evidence that R5 human immunodeﬁciency virus type 1 (HIV-1) replicates more efﬁciently in primary CD4 (cid:1) T cells than X4 HIV-1. By comparing CD3/CD28-costimulated CD4 (cid:1) T-cell cultures infected by several X4 and R5 HIV-1 strains, we determined that R5-infected CD4 (cid:1) T cells produce more virus over time than X4-infected CD4 (cid:1) T cells. In the ﬁrst comparison, we found that more cells were infected by the X4-tropic strain LAI than by the R5-tropic strain JR-CSF and yet that higher levels of viral production were detected in the R5-infected cultures. The differential viral production was partially due to the severe cytopathic effects of the X4 virus. We also compared cultures infected with the isogenic HIV-1 strains NL4-3 (X4) and 49.5 (R5). We found that fewer cells were infected by the R5 strain, and yet similar levels of viral production were detected in both infected cultures. Cell death played less of a role in the differential viral production of these strains, as the cell viability remained comparable in both X4- and R5-infected cultures over time. The ﬁnal comparison involved the primary
Enhancing an airline’s internal marketing to improve service quality and customer loyalty: A qualitative study expanding the Internal Marketing Model based on the case of Germania

Background: Due to the deregulation of the European airline industry within the 1980’s, competition between airlines has intensified greatly. The emergence of low-cost carriers has given rise to the competition on price. However, meeting customer demands and delivering high-quality service, beyond the mere price factor, is still crucial for an airline’s survival. Previous literature has focused on the interactive marketing aspect between employees and passengers when it comes to service quality and customer satisfaction. Today, there is a gap between what management does to satisfy its employees. This research will evaluate what should be done by management in order to meet customer expectations and perform an excellent service. Purpose: The purpose of this study is to determine to what extent Germania’s management inhibited its employees in delivering superior service quality and how distributed communication within the Service Marketing Triangle negatively affects the Internal Marketing Model. The study’s empirical findings contribute to existing internal marketing literature and result in an extension of the Internal Marketing Model according to Ahmed and Rafiq (2002). Method: A qualitative method consisting of semi-structured interviews with four former airline employees and two focus groups of 13 students was applied. This setup gives insight into both the consumer and employee perspective. Additionally, to handle the great amount of data, a thematic analysis was applied. Conclusion: This study shows how Germania inhibited its employees from performing their work and deliver the service quality that was expected by customers. These inhibitions were mainly found in the tools that the company provided. The shortcomings can be found within the Service Marketing Triangle and an extension of the Internal Marketing Model is concluded from these. The findings and existing theory prove, that employee motivation, job satisfaction and employee empowerment are crucial aspects when it comes to meeting customer expectations and hence, delivering excellent service. The degree of the employees’ empathy, competence, and professionalism determine, whether the customer is satisfied and whether they are loyal to the airline.
Forecasting new product penetration with (cid:223)exible substitution patterns

We describe and apply choice models, including generalizations of logit called (cid:212)mixed logits,(cid:213) that do not exhibit the restrictive (cid:212)independence from irrelevant alternatives(cid:213) property and can approximate any substitution pattern. The models are estimated on data from a stated-preference survey that elicited customers(cid:213) preferences among gas, electric, methanol, and CNG vehicles with various attributes. ( 1999 Elsevier Science S.A. All rights reserved.