Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Galactic cosmic ray modulation in the heliosphere based on muon telescopes and ion chambers data. Analysis of interplanetary magnetic field deviations.

We study the galactic cosmic ray modulation in the heliosphere based on muon telescopes and ion chambers data. We analyze the modulation parameters of galactic cosmic ray transport in the heliosphere retrieved from GCR anisotropy for solar cycles 18-23 and parts of 17 and 24, covering the period 1937-2018. We find that the ratio  of mean free paths normal and parallel to mean interplanetary magnetic field B is polarity dependent at Earth orbit with higher values for periods around solar minima for positive polarity (A>0) than for negative (A<0). Timeline of ratio  for more than 7 decades, exhibits a slight ~11-year and dominant ~22-year variation and has a strongly polarity-dependent character with the considerable enhancement in the minimum epoch of solar activity for A>0 magnetic polarity. Results are confronted with current modulation theories. We examine the timeline of variance of the interplanetary magnetic field magnitude and components and their contribution in the solar cycle and solar magnetic polarity dependence of cosmic ray modulation.
Association between clustering of cardiovascular risk factors and left ventricular geometric remodeling in Chinese children

Background Several cardiovascular (CV) risk factors are reported to be associated with abnormal cardiac structure in children and adults. However, no study has assessed the association between clustering of multiple CV risk factors and left ventricular geometric (LVG) remodeling. We examined the association between clustering of CV risk factors and LVG remodeling among Chinese children. Methods This cross-sectional study included 1,406 children aged 6–11 years. Clustering of CV risk factors was quantified as the sum of the number of five CV risk factors (abdominal obesity, elevated blood pressure, high fasting blood glucose, high triglycerides and low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol). Based on left ventricular mass index and relative wall thickness (RWT), left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH), high RWT and LVG remodeling [concentric remodeling (CR), eccentric hypertrophy (EH) and concentric hypertrophy (CH)] were defined. Results Compared to participants without CV risk factor, those with 1, 2 and ≥3 risk factors were at increased risk of LVH [ORs (95% CIs): 3.49 (2.19–5.56), 5.53 (3.20–9.55), and 19.19 (9.67–38.08), respectively]; corresponding values for high RWT were 2.47 (1.63–3.74), 3.76 (2.25–6.27), and 5.47 (2.65–11.28). Similar associations between clustering of CV risk factors and LVG remodeling were found [CR: 1.71 (1.06–2.76), 2.83 (1.54–5.18), and 3.82 (1.37–10.62); EH: 2.42 (1.42–4.11), 4.23 (2.24–7.96), and 16.86 (7.70–36.92); CH: 14.92 (4.41–50.47), 23.15 (6.32–84.83), and 71.19 (17.09–296.56)]. Conclusion CV risk factors in isolation and combination were associated with an increased risk of LVH, high RWT and LVG remodeling among children, emphasizing the need to consider multiple risk factors when assessing the risk of cardiac outcomes.
Effectiveness of Ultra-High Irradiance Blue Light-Emitting Diodes in Inactivating Escherichia coli O157:H7 on Dry Stainless Steel and Cast-Iron Surfaces

The use of blue light-emitting diodes (LEDs) is emerging as a promising dry decontamination method. In the present study, LEDs emitting ultra-high irradiance (UHI) density at 405 nm (842 mW/cm2) and 460 nm (615 mW/cm2) were used to deliver high-intensity photoinactivation treatments ranging from 221 to 1107 J/cm2. The efficacy of these treatments to inactivate E. coli O157:H7 dry cells was evaluated on clean and soiled stainless steel and cast-iron surfaces. On clean metal surfaces, the 405 and 460 nm LED treatment with a 221 J/cm2 dose resulted in E. coli reductions ranging from 2.0 to 4.1 log CFU/cm2. Increasing the treatment energy dose to 665 J/cm2 caused further significant reductions (>8 log CFU/cm2) in the E. coli population. LED treatments triggered a significant production of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) in E. coli cells, as well as a significant temperature increase on metal surfaces. In the presence of organic matter, intracellular ROS generation in E. coli cells dropped significantly, and treatments with higher energy doses (>700 J/cm2) were required to uphold antimicrobial effectiveness. The mechanism of the bactericidal effect of UHI blue LED treatments is likely to be a combination of photothermal and photochemical effects. This study showed that LEDs emitting monochromatic blue light at UHI levels may serve as a viable and time-effective method for surface decontamination in dry food processing environments.
Meteorological observations by Automatic Weather Stations (AWS) in alpine regions of Kamchatka, Russia, 1996-1997

In order to understand climatic features of alpine environment and to evaluate east -west climatic contrast in Kamchatka Peninsula, Automatic Weather Stations (A WS) were installed on three alpine regions: Koryto Glacier, Ushkovsky Volcano and Mt. Kozyrevka. Meteorological data were measured and recorded automatically from July, 1996 to September, 1997. The data taken by A WS observations are reported. ~'i1i : ;/] ATf '/ ;/]¥-! ~H:::. Btt ~ LlJ-ffi-:tt! ~(7)3n.f~8%:%ti&, t < 1. ::::*g§It1T[lijC"(7)3n.f~~d4C7)ii~' ~ aAt:,i.pl'::::T~t. ::6/), ;/]ATf'/;/]¥-ffh(7)~LlJji! ~3 "rPJT (;/]v1 j'j.kiPJ, rJ~~::J7A~-1<LlJ, ::J ::K 1 v 7 ;/] LlJji! ) 1'::::! 3 iiJJ3n. ~tltil! iJ*ii: (A WS) ~ IDtii: L t. :: 0 tltil! iJ Ii 1996.if. 7 f:I-Jp t:, 1997.if. 9 f:I i C"(7)Mr,,'1,::::1Tbtlt. :: o ::. tl t:, (7) AWS tltil! iJl':::: J: -:J l1~t:, ht. :: yj' ~~-i5-T ~o
Domain Adaptation for Localization Using Combined Autoencoder and Gradient Reversal Layer in Dynamic IoT Environment

The popularity of Received Signal Strength (RSS) fingerprint-based indoor localization is mainly due to ubiquitous nature of Wi-Fi signals. However, environment changes, device heterogeneity and change in Access Points (APs) results in domain shift between offline and online RSS fingerprints. This article proposes a novel Domain Adversarial Neural Network for Regression (DANN-R) over a compressed RSS representation derived from Autoencoders used as a dimension reduction technique to alleviate the challenges of a dynamic IoT environment. In addition, adversarially learn domain-invariant representation in DANN-R using gradient reversal layer (GRL) mitigates these RSS fluctuations by learning a common representation, where source domain (offline RSS data) and target domain (online RSS data) cannot be distinguished. The proposed method outperforms both state-of-art machine learning algorithms and deep domain adaptation frameworks on two public localization testbeds.
DO RIGHT-WING AUTHORITARIANISM AND SOCIAL DOMINANCE ORIENTATION PREDICT ANTI-CHINA ATTITUDES?

espanolEste articulo trata el tema de por que algunos americanos tienen actitudes ne-gativas hacia el pueblo y el gobierno de China, y el impacto que dichas actitudes producen en sus politicas chinas prefe-ridas. Partimos del supuesto de que los efectos de autoritarismo de derechas (RWA) y la orientacion de la dominacion social (SDO) en el apoyo de las politicas mas restrictivas podrian estar influidas por las actitudes negativas hacia el pueblo y gobierno chino. En el estudio 1 sola-mente encontramos una escasa evidencia de un efecto entre SDO y actitudes res-trictivas. En el Estudio 2 no detectamos evidencia de efectos en dichas actitudes. Los resultados indican que los efectos de RWA y SDO en las actitudes restrictivas son principalmente directos y explican la variacion incremental en las actitudes restrictivas mas alla de los efectos de actitudes negativas hacia el pueblo y gobierno de China. EnglishThis paper addresses the question of why some Americans hold negative attitudes toward China�s government and people, and the impact that such attitudes have on their preferred China policies. We hypothesized that the effects of right-wing authoritarian-ism (RWA) and social dominance orienta-tion (SDO) on support for tougher (con-tainment) policies towards China would be mediated through negative attitudes toward China�s government and its people. We found only weak evidence of a mediated effect between SDO and containment atti-tudes in Study 1 and no evidence of me-diated effects on containment attitudes in Study 2. Our findings indicate that the effects of RWA and SDO on containment attitudes are direct and account for incre-mental variation in containment attitudes beyond the effects of negative attitudes towards China�s government and peop
Fundamentals of Dentine Demineralization and Remineralization with the Role of Bioactive Materials in Dentine Regeneration

Considering minimally invasive dentistry, recent restorative materials are expected to provide a therapeutic effect on the remaining tooth structure. Using inert restorations which lack interaction between restorative materials and tooth structure is not satisfactory nowadays. This has shifted the focus in biomaterial sciences towards innovative bioactive restorative materials that can remineralize remaining tooth structures and provide healing and protective properties. Understanding the remineralization process of demineralized dentine and the mechanism by which these bioactive materials potentially repair these tissues, will provide room for future advancements and clinical applications in restorative dentistry. This article provides a review of the basic dentine structure, the caries process, and different dentine remineralization models. Also, it details various bioactive materials with an understanding of their main classification in terms of remineralization potential.
Thinning of Norway spruce

The objective of this thesis was to investigate volume and quality outcome from different thinning strategies in monocultures with Norway spruce. Two different experiments were set up at the Tonnersjoheden experimental forest in south west Sweden. In the first experiment, the combined effect of spacing and thinning type on timber quality and the spacing effect on volume production was investigated (paper I). In the second experiment, the initial growth response after thinning was investigated during three growing seasons in a 33 year old stand after removal of 0, 30- and 60% of the basal area (paper II and III). In a survey study, covering southern Sweden, the amount of thinning injuries to stems and coarse roots in spruce monocultures thinned with harvesters and forwarders was investigated (Paper IV). The total volume production was rather similar in the three spacings, 246, 226 and 232 m3 respectively (paper I). The quality of individual trees was to a large extent related to diameter at breast height and not to spacing per se. In the second experiment, heavy thinning increased soil moisture, light transmittance and soil temperature, and hence the nitrogen mineralization. The nitrogen content in the needles and the needle efficiency increased after heavy thinning but there were only small effects on those parameters for normally thinned plots. The current annual volume production after thinning showed an initial drop during the first two growing seasons but was slightly higher during the third growing season compared to the unthinned control. Heavy thinning increased resource allocation to the stem base. The basal area increment for the largest trees (100-400 stems per hectare) increased with increasing thinning intensity (Paper II & III). The risk for damage from heavy winds and wet snow showed a linear increase with thinning intensity. The frequency of injured trees was high (10-15%). The main finding is that there is a large “biological window” for silvicultural regimes in terms of their effect on total volume production but the thinning regime has a major impact of the risk for abiotic and biotic damages.
Single-cell RNA sequencing reveals distinct chondrocyte states in femoral cartilage under weight-bearing load in Rheumatoid arthritis

Introduction Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a common autoimmune joint disease, the pathogenesis of which is still unclear. Cartilage damage is one of the main manifestations of the disease. Chondrocytes are the main functional component of articular cartilage, which is relevant to disease progression. Mechanical loading affects the structure and function of articular cartilage and chondrocytes, but the effect of weight bearing on chondrocytes in rheumatoid arthritis is still unclear. Methods In this paper, single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) was performed on collected cartilage from the weight-bearing region (Fb group) and non-weight-bearing region (Fnb group) of the femur, and the differences between the Fb and Fnb groups were analyzed by cell type annotation, pseudotime analysis, enrichment analysis, cell interactions, single-cell regulatory network inference and clustering (SCENIC) for each cell type. Results A total of 87,542 cells were analyzed and divided into 9 clusters. Six chondrocyte subpopulations were finally identified by cellular annotation, and two new chondrocyte subtypes were annotated as immune-associated chondrocytes. The presence of each chondrocyte subpopulation and its distribution were verified using immunohistochemical staining (IHC). In this study, the atlas of femoral cartilage in knee rheumatoid arthritis and 2 new immune-related chondrocytes were validated using scRNA-seq and IHC, and chondrocytes in the weight-bearing and non-weight-bearing regions of the femur were compared. There might be a process of macrophage polarization transition in MCs in response to mechanical loading, as in macrophages. Conclusion Two new immune-associated chondrocytes were identified. MCs have contrasting functions in different regions, which might provide insight into the role of immune and mechanical loading on chondrocytes in the development of knee rheumatoid osteoarthritis.
WHO CREATES JOBS? SMALL vs. LARGE vs. YOUNG by

There’s been a long, sometimes heated, debate on the role of firm size in employment growth. Despite skepticism in the academic community, the notion that growth is negatively related to firm size remains appealing to policymakers and small business advocates. The widespread and repeated claim from this community is that most new jobs are created by small businesses. Using data from the Census Bureau Business Dynamics Statistics and Longitudinal Business Database, we explore the many issues regarding the role of firm size and growth that have been at the core of this ongoing debate (such as the role of regression to the mean). We find that the relationship between firm size and employment growth is sensitive to these issues. However, our main finding is that once we control for firm age there is no systematic relationship between firm size and growth. Our findings highlight the important role of business startups and young businesses in U.S. job creation. Business startups contribute substantially to both gross and net job creation. In addition, we find an “up or out” dynamic of young firms. These findings imply that it is critical to control for and understand the role of firm age in explaining U.S. job creation. * We thank conference and seminar participants at the NBER 2009 Summer Institute Meeting of the Entrepreneurship Working Group, CAED 2009, the World Bank 2009 Conference on Small Firms, NABE Economic Policy Conference 2010, OECD Conference on Entrepreneurship 2010, Queens University and the 2010 WEA meetings for helpful comments. We thank the Kauffman Foundation for financial support. Any opinions and conclusions expressed herein are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily represent the views of the U.S. Census Bureau. All results have been reviewed to ensure that no confidential information is disclosed.
Hunter-Gatherer Archaeology of the Colorado High Country

Mark Stiger presents not only an overview of past research conducted in the Basin but also the significant new findings and interpretations from his own research. Anchored in the massive body of data that was gathered by Stiger during eight years of work at Tenderfoot -- a large lithic-scatter site once categorised as 'insignificant' -- as well as comparable data from numerous other sites in the surrounding region, this important new contribution to archaeology in the southern Rocky Mountains uses an organisational approach to describe and interpret prehistoric cultural change across a wide area of western Colorado. Stiger examines discoveries made by other archaeologists during earlier excavations in the region and critiques the dominant traditional field methods and social explanations of prehistory. By using data recovered in multi-year repetitive surface collections, he questions the direct interpretation of survey data and explores the advantages of horizontally extensive block excavations. He also investigates how dramatic environmental changes affected human adaptations by analysing the region's floral and faunal usage patterns and its natural history through paleoenvironmental evidence.
Five doses of the mRNA vaccination potentially suppress ancestral-strain stimulated SARS-CoV2-specific cellular immunity: a cohort study from the Fukushima vaccination community survey, Japan

The bivalent mRNA vaccine is recommended to address coronavirus disease variants, with additional doses suggested for high-risk groups. However, the effectiveness, optimal frequency, and number of doses remain uncertain. In this study, we examined the long-term cellular and humoral immune responses following the fifth administration of the mRNA severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccine in patients undergoing hemodialysis. To our knowledge, this is the first study to monitor long-term data on humoral and cellular immunity dynamics in high-risk populations after five doses of mRNA vaccination, including the bivalent mRNA vaccine. Whereas most patients maintained humoral immunity throughout the observation period, we observed reduced cellular immune reactivity as measured by the ancestral-strain-stimulated ELISpot assay in a subset of patients. Half of the individuals (50%; 14/28) maintained cellular immunity three months after the fifth dose, despite acquiring humoral immunity. The absence of a relationship between positive controls and T-Spot reactivity suggests that these immune alterations were specific to SARS-CoV-2. In multivariable analysis, participants aged ≥70 years showed a marginally significant lower likelihood of having reactive results. Notably, among the 14 individuals who received heterologous vaccines, 13 successfully acquired cellular immunity, supporting the effectiveness of this administration strategy. These findings provide valuable insights for future vaccination strategies in vulnerable populations. However, further research is needed to evaluate the involvement of immune tolerance and exhaustion through repeated vaccination to optimize immunization strategies.
Evaluation of one-dimensional site response techniques using borehole arrays

AbstractNumerical techniques commonly used to compute the dynamic response of soil deposits under earthquake shaking are investigated by analyzing data from instrumented borehole arrays. Eleven instrumented vertical arrays are investigated using over 650 recorded ground motions that span a range of shaking intensities. Based on data from the selected borehole arrays, site response predictions using one-dimensional equivalent linear (EQL) analysis, equivalent linear analysis with frequency-dependent soil properties (EQL-FD), and fully nonlinear (NL) analysis are compared with the borehole observations. The results across all sites indicate that at peak shear strains less than about 0.1%, all three site response techniques predict, on average, site amplification within ±20% of observed. At peak shear strains larger than 0.1% and at periods less than about 0.4 s, EQL and NL analyses underpredict site amplification and EQL-FD analyses overpredict site amplification. The underprediction for the EQL and NL tech.
Assessment of gastrointestinal nematode anthelmintic resistance and acaricidal efficacy of fluazuron–flumethrin on sheep and goat ticks in the North West province of South Africa

Background and Aim: Anthelmintic resistance (AR) and acaricide resistance (ACR) pose great economic threat to communal livestock raised by rural communities, limiting sustainable production. This study was conducted to assess the occurrence of AR and ACR against nematodes and ticks that infest small ruminants (sheep and goats) from small-scale farming communities in the North West Province of South Africa, as well as document the associated risk factors. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted on small-scale farming locations in two districts of the North West Province, namely, Dr. Ruth Segomotsi Mompati district and Dr. Kenneth Kaunda district, from November 2019 to March 2020. A questionnaire survey based specifically on antiparasitic treatment and related management practices was administered to 86 small-scale farmers. A fecal egg count reduction test (FECRT) was used to determine in vivo AR in small ruminants against benzimidazole (BZD), levamisole, and macrocyclic lactone on nine ruminant farms. Then, deoxyribonucleic acid was extracted from L3 larvae and resistant nematodes were identified using a polymerase chain reaction, targeting the internal transcribed spacer 2 gene. An egg hatch assay (EHA) and a larval mortality assay (LMA) were used to determine in vitro AR against thiabendazole (TBZ and BZD) in the same farms. Acaricide resistance against fluazuron–flumethrin (Drastic Deadline eXtreme) pour-on was assessed using an adult immersion test (AIT) on Rhipicephalus evertsi. Results: Questionnaire results indicated that most farmers (89%) relied solely on anthelmintics. Farmers used visual appraisal to estimate the dosage, which is the primary cause of resistance. The FECRT revealed AR in all the farms. Egg hatch assay results revealed AR development against TBZ in all districts, with >95% of the eggs hatching at variable doses. Larval mortality assay results revealed the development of resistance against BZD, with 50% of L3 larvae surviving at different doses in all farms. Adult immersion test results indicated that fluazuron–flumethrin (>99%) exhibited high acaricidal efficacy against R. evertsi by inhibiting tick oviposition. Conclusion: This investigation found that sheep and goats in the studied areas are developing AR to gastrointestinal parasites. The findings of in vivo tests showed resistance with fecal egg count reduction percentage of <95% or lower confidence limit of <90%. The results of EHA and LMA revealed no evidence of inhibition of egg development and larval mortality, indicating the development of resistance. Acaricide resistance was not detected against fluazuron–flumethrin, which is commonly used in the study areas. Thus, developing management methods for these economically significant livestock nematodes, including teaching small-scale farmers how to properly administer anthelmintics and acaricides to their livestock, is urgently needed.