Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Results from rapid-cycle recurrent genomic selection in spring bread wheat

Abstract Genomic selection (GS) in wheat breeding programs is of great interest for predicting the genotypic values of individuals, where both additive and nonadditive effects determine the final breeding value of lines. While several simulation studies have shown the efficiency of rapid-cycling GS strategies for parental selection or population improvement, their practical implementations are still lacking in wheat and other crops. In this study, we demonstrate the potential of rapid-cycle recurrent GS (RCRGS) to increase genetic gain for grain yield (GY) in wheat. Our results showed a consistent realized genetic gain for GY after 3 cycles of recombination (C1, C2, and C3) of bi-parental F1s, when summarized across 2 years of phenotyping. For both evaluation years combined, genetic gain through RCRGS reached 12.3% from cycle C0 to C3 and realized gain was 0.28 ton ha−1 per cycle with a GY from C0 (6.88 ton ha−1) to C3 (7.73 ton ha−1). RCRGS was also associated with some changes in important agronomic traits that were measured (days to heading, days to maturity, and plant height) but not selected for. To account for these changes, we recommend implementing GS together with multi-trait prediction models.
A hybrid method for computing the flow of viscoelastic fluids

SUMMARY A hybrid method for computing the flow of viscoelastic and second-order fluids is presented. It combines the features of the finite difference technique and the shooting method. The method is accurate because it uses central differences. Its convergence is at least superlinear. The method is applied to obtain the solutions to three problems of flow of Walters’ B fluid (a) flow near a stagnation point, (b) flow over a stretching sheet and (c) flow near a rotating disk. Numerical results reveal some new characteristics of flows which are not easy to demonstrate using the perturbation technique.
Analysing data from a cluster randomized trial (cRCT) in primary care: a case study

Health technology assessment often requires the evaluation of interventions which are implemented at the level of the health service organization unit (e.g. GP practice) for clusters of individuals. In a cluster randomized controlled trial (cRCT), clusters of patients are randomized; not each patient individually. The majority of statistical analyses, in individually RCT, assume that the outcomes on different patients are independent. In cRCTs there is doubt about the validity of this assumption as the outcomes of patients, in the same cluster, may be correlated. Hence, the analysis of data from cRCTs presents a number of difficulties. The aim of this paper is to describe the statistical methods of adjusting for clustering, in the context of cRCTs. There are essentially four approaches to analysing cRCTs: 1. Cluster-level analysis using aggregate summary data. 2. Regression analysis with robust standard errors. 3. Random-effects/cluster-specific approach. 4. Marginal/population-averaged approach. This paper will compare and contrast the four approaches, using example data, with binary and continuous outcomes, from a cRCT designed to evaluate the effectiveness of training Health Visitors in psychological approaches to identify post-natal depressive symptoms and support post-natal women compared with usual care. The PoNDER Trial randomized 101 clusters (GP practices) and collected data on 2659 new mothers with an 18-month follow-up.
Lipids uniquely alter the secondary structure and toxicity of amyloid beta 1–42 aggregates

Abrupt aggregation of amyloid β1‐42 (Aβ) peptide is a hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD), a severe pathology that affects more than 44 million people worldwide. A growing body of evidence suggests that lipids can uniquely alter rates of Aβ1‐42 aggregation. However, it remains unclear whether lipids only alter rates of protein aggregation or also uniquely modify the secondary structure and toxicity of Aβ1‐42 oligomers and fibrils. In this study, we investigated the effect of phosphatidylcholine (PC), cardiolipin (CL), and cholesterol (Chol) on Aβ1‐42 aggregation. We found that PC, CL and Chol strongly accelerated the rate of fibril formation compared to the rate of Aβ1‐42 aggregation in the lipid‐free environment. Furthermore, anionic CL enabled the strongest acceleration of Aβ1‐42 aggregation compared to zwitterionic PC and uncharged Chol. We also found that PC, CL and Chol uniquely altered the secondary structure of early‐, middle‐ and late‐stage Aβ1‐42 aggregates. Specifically, CL and Chol drastically increased the amount of parallel β‐sheet in Aβ1‐42 oligomers and fibrils grown in the presence of these lipids. This caused a significant increase in the toxicity of Aβ : CL and Aβ : Chol compared to the toxicity of Aβ : PC and Aβ1‐42 aggregates formed in the lipid‐free environment. These results demonstrate that toxicity of Aβ aggregates correlates with the amount of their β‐sheet content, which, in turn, is determined by the chemical structure of lipids present at the stage of Aβ1‐42 aggregation.
Impact of Routine Gastric Aspirate Monitoring on Very Low Birth Weight Early Preterm Infants

Objectives: Routine gastric aspirate (RGA) monitoring is a common yet controversial practice intended for early identification of gastrointestinal pathology in infants receiving gavage feeds. Our objectives were to evaluate the association of ceasing RGA monitoring on the incidence of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) as well as nutritional outcomes in a large population of very low birth weight (VLBW) and very preterm neonates. Methods: Retrospective record review of neonates born ≤32 weeks and/or VLBW from 2 cohorts: (1) during pre-feed RGA monitoring (September 2015 to June 2018) and (2) after cessation of RGA (“non-RGA”) monitoring (July 2018 to December 2020). We compared incidence of NEC, time-to-full enteral feeds, central line duration, and duration of parenteral nutrition (PN) in bivariate and multivariable models accounting for changes in feeding protocols over time. Results: We identified 617 subjects, 53% in the RGA monitoring cohort (n = 327) and 47% in non-RGA cohort (n = 290). The non-RGA cohort had feeds initiated earlier (P < 0.0001), achieved full enteral feeds more rapidly (P < 0.0001), received a shorter duration of PN (P = 0.0003), and had shorter central access duration (P < 0.0001) without increasing NEC risk. In fact, the non-RGA cohort had a lower incidence of NEC (P = 0.0345) compared to the RGA cohort. Even after adjusting for changes in feeding protocols over time in a multivariable model, the RGA cohort had significantly higher odds of NEC. Conclusions: Pre-feed RGA monitoring in the absence of concerning clinical exam findings is not indicated for neonates receiving gavage feeds as it does not improve NEC incidence but instead may delay important nutritional outcomes such as feed initiation and central line removal.
Response of the carotid artery longitudinal motion to submaximal physical activity in healthy humans—Marked changes already at low workload

The longitudinal motion of the arterial wall, that is, the displacement of the arterial wall along the artery, parallel to blood flow, is still largely unexplored. The magnitude and nature of putative changes in longitudinal motion of the arterial wall in response to physical activity in humans remain unknown. The aim of this study was therefore to study the longitudinal motion of the carotid artery wall during physical activity in healthy humans. Using in‐house developed non‐invasive ultrasonic methods, the longitudinal motion of the intima‐media complex and the diameter changes of the right common carotid artery (CCA) in 40 healthy volunteers (20 volunteers aged 22–35 years; 20 volunteers aged 55–68 years) were assessed at rest and during submaximal supine bicycle exercise. In a subset of the subjects (n = 18) also intramural shear strain were analyzed. The longitudinal motion of the intima‐media complex underwent marked changes in response to physical activity, already at low workload; with most evident a marked increase of the first antegrade displacement (p < 0.001) in early systole. Likewise, the corresponding shear strain also increased significantly (p = 0.004). The increase in longitudinal motion showed significant correlation to increase in blood pressure, but not to blood flow velocity or wall shear stress. In conclusion, physical activity markedly influences the longitudinal motion of the carotid artery wall in healthy humans already at low load. A possible “cushioning” function as well as possible implications for the function of the vasa vasorum, endothelium, and smooth muscle cells and extracellular matrix of the media, are discussed.
Mean and fluctuating flow measurements of a fully-developed, non-adiabatic, hypersonic boundary layer

Extensive boundary-layer measurements have been made on a cone-ogive-cylinder model at a free-stream Mach number of 7·0 and momentum-thickness Reynolds number of 8500. Mean flow transformations and calculated turbulence correlations are presented which are in good agreement with previous incompressible results. New quantitative turbulence measurements including measurements of the first higher moment and probability density of fluctuations in mass flow and total temperature in hypersonic flow are also presented. The higher moment and probability density data show that the characters of the fluctuation modes of the mass flow and total temperature are significantly different in the wall region and in the outer part of the boundary layer. These differences together with data on the turbulence scale and lifetime obtained from autocorrelation and space-time correlation measurements are discussed.
Extreme values for the Sidon constant

Let G be a compact group and let ^PçG. We consider the inequalities 1 < k(P) < (S.aep 4,2)1/2> where k(P) denotes the Sidon constant of P. The condition k(P) = 1 essentially characterizes an example of Figà-Talamanca and Rider. The condition k(P) = (2o6i. d? )1/2 for finite P is equivalent to the existence of certain interesting functions on G. We show that k(G) — |6*|1''2 for a very large class of finite groups G, and this implies the existence of "G-circulant" unitary matrices whose entries all have modulus |G|~'/2. Let G be a compact group and let P be any nonempty subset of G, the dual hypergroup of G. We denote by 9p(G) the space of trigonometric polynomials/on G whose Fourier transforms / vanish off P. The point of departure of this article is the easily proved pair of inequalities 1 < k(P) < ( 2 d2)i/2 (1) (see Proposition 1), in which k(P) denotes the Sidon constant of P, defined by k(P) = sup{ Il/y, = 2 da\\fio)\\+:S G %(G), U/IL < l), and where, as usual, d„ denotes the degree of the representation a in G, and || ||^ denotes the trace-class norm. We investigate conditions under which k(P) takes one of the two bounding values in (1). For the case k(P) = 1 we give a complete answer. Indeed, we show that the example of Figà-Talamanca and Rider [1] of a Sidon set P constructed using the projections on the various factors of a product of unitary groups gives essentially the only situation in which k(P) = 1 can occur. We give in Proposition 3 various necessary and sufficient conditions for k(P) = (S„ei> d2)x/2 to hold. In Theorem 2 and its corollary, we show that this is the case whenever P = G and G belongs to a large class of finite groups. This special case permits construction of certain generalized circulant Hadamard matrices, or equivalently certain elements of the group algebra CG. It also strongly generalizes the result of Graham [2], who established this when G is a finite abelian group. Finally, we show by example that there exist two finite groups A and B, a hypergroup isomorphism </>: A —» B, and a set P G A such that k(P) ¥= K(<b(P)). Thus the result of Vrem [7], that whether a subset P of G is a central Sidon set Received by the editors March 17, 1980. 1980 Mathematics Subject Classification. Primary 43A46, 20C05, 05B20.
Knowledge Transmission and Skills Building Relating to Child Sexual Abuse in China

ABSTRACT Parents play a key role in child CSA prevention, but the mechanisms underlying the intergenerational knowledge transmission are not fully understood. This study explores the role of two parenting practices – parent-child communication and parent’s protective behavior – as mediating factors in the relation between parents’ knowledge and their children’s knowledge and skills. Four hundred and ten dyads of early adolescents and their mother or father from rural China participated in the study. Parents were surveyed on their knowledge, protective behaviors, and parent-child communication regarding CSA, while children answered questions on relevant knowledge and skills. Results revealed that parental knowledge was positively and significantly related to communication and protective behavior, protective behavior was positively related to children’s knowledge and skills, but the coefficient between communication and children’s knowledge and skills was insignificant. The findings highlight direct parental protection as one of the most important mechanism for intergenerational knowledge transmission.
JACKKNIFE AND ANALYTICAL BIAS REDUCTION FOR NONLINEAR PANEL MODELS

Fixed effects estimators of panel models can be severely biased because of the well-known incidental parameters problem. We show that this bias can be reduced by using a panel jackknife or an analytical bias correction motivated by large T. We give bias corrections for averages over the fixed effects, as well as model parameters. We find large bias reductions from using these approaches in examples. We consider asymptotics where T grows with n, as an approximation to the properties of the estimators in econometric applications. We show that if T grows at the same rate as n the fixed effects estimator is asymptotically biased, so that asymptotic confidence intervals are incorrect, but that they are correct for the panel jackknife. We show T growing faster than n1/3 suffices for correctness of the analytic correction, a property we also conjecture for the jackknife.
The effect of the Covid-19 pandemic on STEM faculty: Productivity and work-life balance

The disruption caused by the COVID-19 pandemic impacted STEM professionals in numerous ways, affecting research, teaching, publications, patents, and work-life balance. A survey was conducted to determine the changes approximately one year into the pandemic shutdown in USA. Results indicate that the quarantine, limitations, and restrictions led to decreased work productivity and increased stress, anxiety, and family obligations. There was a significant difference between male and female faculty experience with women reporting more child-care, schoolwork assistance, and care for elderly relatives.
Protocol Biopsies in Pediatric Liver Transplantation Recipients Improve Graft Histology and Personalize Immunosuppression

Objectives: Protocol liver biopsies (PLBs) are part of the follow-up program at many pediatric liver transplant centers, but the impact on clinical decision-making and allograft histology following adjustments of immunosuppression (IS) after PLB has not been thoroughly analyzed. Methods: Following our previous single-center cohort study, we have now evaluated histological findings of 178 PLBs of 118 pediatric patients transplanted at our center between 1998 and 2017. In particular, we focused on the changes in allograft histology in the follow-up biopsy of a subgroup of 22 patients, in which the histologic findings led to an adjustment of immunosuppressive therapy. All biopsies of this sub-study group were reevaluated by an experienced pathologist. Results: The overall frequency and severity of fibrosis increased over time after orthotopic liver transplantation. Patients with donor-specific antibodies (DSAs) had a higher prevalence of fibrosis than DSA-negative patients. Graft inflammation decreased significantly after intensifying IS, but renal function needs to be monitored. A significant increase in fibrosis was detected in children with reduced IS. Conclusion: The adjustment of IS following PLBs has a significant impact on allograft histology. Since chronic inflammatory changes may lead to graft failure, adjustment of IS seems to be of major importance for the long-term outcome.
Best practices for teaching psychosomatic obstetrics and gynecology

Abstract Psychosomatic obstetrics and gynecology (POG) encompasses a wide variety of topics. While specialists in this field agree that it is important for practicing clinicians to be familiar with psychosomatic issues related to women’s health, there is no consensus about the best practices for teaching and assessing this knowledge, or even which are the topics that should be included. By examining existing literature on educational methodology, this paper aims to suggest best practices that are proven useful in teaching issues related to POG. The paper considers learning objectives for what should be taught, recommendations as to best practices for curriculum delivery, and suggestions for how to assess learners’ ability to meet the objectives. Establishing guidelines for teaching POG may be useful for learners at different levels and in various settings.
Outcomes of Declined Deceased Donor Kidney Offers That Are Subsequently Implanted: A UK Registry Study

Background. Deceased donor kidneys are often declined for ≥1 patients but then implanted into another. Studies are needed to guide transplant clinicians and patients, especially given the increasing age and comorbidity of donors. This study compares outcomes of recipients of transplanted kidneys that were initially declined with outcomes of patients who remained on the waiting list. Methods. This UK Transplant Registry study examined named-patient, adult donation after brain death donor single kidney-only offers that were declined for donor- or organ-related reasons (DORRs), in which the kidney was subsequently transplanted from January 1, 2010, to December 31, 2018. Outcomes included graft function and survival of kidneys transplanted following DORR decline, survival and transplant status of patients who had a kidney declined, and intercenter decline rates. Results. A total of 4722 kidneys declined for DORRs, which eventually resulted in single kidney-only transplants, were examined. One year after the offer decline, 35% of patients for whom the organ was declined remained on the list, 55% received a deceased donor transplant at a median of 174 d after the initial offer decline, and 4% had been removed or died. For patients transplanted following offer decline, there was no significant difference in 5-y graft survival when comparing the outcomes to those recipients who received the declined kidney. There was significant variation in DORR decline rates between UK transplant units (17%–54%). Conclusions. This study shows reasonable outcomes of kidneys previously declined for DORRs and supports the utilization of those considered to be of higher risk for carefully selected recipients.
Cross-linguistic conditions on word length

Based on a dataset representing close to ¾ of the world’s languages we investigate differences among languages and between items on the Swadesh list with regard to mean word length from a linguistic typological point of view. Mapping the world-wide distribution of word length shows convergence at a continent-wide level, a Pacific Rim signature, and a tendency for large word length averages to be a recessive trait. The amount of data, which is unparalleled in previous, related studies, allows us to provide more solid estimates and accounts for the interrelationships between word length, phoneme segment inventory size, and population size than was previously possible. Word length differences between items exhibit robust, universal tendencies, which are discussed in relation to other quantities, including stability, synonymy, and attestation.
Stabilization and coil performance of RHQT-processed Nb/sub 3/Al conductors

A Nb/sub 3/Al superconductor based on jelly-rolled (JR) Nb/Al composites of high performance can be fabricated by rapid-heating and quenching of a wire of such composites with subsequent transformation-annealing to form the Nb/sub 3/Al phase (RHQT process). Since the conductor thereby is heated up to 2000/spl deg/C, far above the melting point of Cu, the Cu stabilizer needs to be externally incorporated by a mechanical-cladding method between quenching and annealing. Such an appropriate deformation promotes the transformation from a disordered bcc phase, and thereby enhances the critical current density J/sub c/. A solenoid coil was fabricated by a wind-and-react method: the Cu-clad conductor (1.61/sup w//spl times/0.71/sup t/ mm/sup 2/) with Al/sub 2/O/sub 3/ yarn insulation was wound into a coil (19.7/40.8/sup /spl phi///spl times/49.7/sup H/ mm), transformed at 800/spl deg/C, and impregnated with beeswax. The resultant coil, while carrying a current of 179 A at 2.1 K in a superconducting back-up field of 21.2 T, generated an additional 1.3 T. The total magnetic field of 22.5 T is the highest record ever for a metallic superconducting coil.
Amyloid precursor protein 𝛽CTF accumulates in synapses in sporadic and genetic forms of Alzheimer's disease

Amyloid precursor protein (APP) 𝛽‐C‐terminal fragment (𝛽CTF) may have a neurotoxic role in Alzheimer's disease (AD). 𝛽CTF accumulates in the brains of patients with sporadic (SAD) and genetic forms of AD. Synapses degenerate early during the pathogenesis of AD. We studied whether the 𝛽CTF accumulates in synapses in SAD, autosomal dominant AD (ADAD) and Down syndrome (DS).
Older adults can use memory for distinctive objects, but not distinctive scenes, to rescue associative memory deficits.

Associative memory deficits in aging are frequently characterized by false recognition of novel stimulus associations, particularly when stimuli are similar. Introducing distinctive stimuli, therefore, can help guide item differentiation in memory and can further our understanding of how age-related brain changes impact behavior. How older adults use different types of distinctive information to distinguish overlapping events in memory and to avoid false associative recognition is still unknown. To test this, we manipulated the distinctiveness of items from two stimulus categories, scenes and objects, across three conditions: (1) distinct scenes paired with similar objects, (2) similar scenes paired with distinct objects, and (3) similar scenes paired with similar objects. Young and older adults studied scene-object pairs and then made both remember/know judgments toward single items as well as associative memory judgments to old and novel scene-object pairs ("Were these paired together? "). Older adults showed intact single item recognition of scenes and objects, regardless of whether those objects and scenes were similar or distinct. In contrast, relative to younger adults, older adults showed elevated false recognition for scene-object pairs, even when the scenes were distinct. These age-related associative memory deficits, however, disappeared if the pair contained an object that was visually distinct. In line with neural evidence that hippocampal functioning and scene processing decline with age, these results suggest that older adults can rely on memory for distinct objects, but not for distinct scenes, to distinguish between memories with overlapping features.