Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Cement Space Parameters on the Marginal Adaptation of Milled Endocrowns: An In Vitro Study

Background Cement film space plays a significant role in achieving good adaptation of indirect restorations. The objective of this study is to investigate the effect of cement space parameters on the marginal adaptation of computer-aided design (CAD)/computer-assisted manufacturing (CAM) endocrowns. Methodology The coronal part of 10 freshly extracted human mandibular molars was reduced to a level of 1.5 mm above the cementoenamel junction (CEJ); then, root canal treatment was performed. On each tooth, four lithium disilicate endocrowns with different cement space parameters (40, 80, 120, and 160 µm) were designed and fabricated using CAD/CAM. Endocrowns were seated to their prepared teeth, and the vertical marginal gap was measured in 20 equidistant points for each endocrown using a stereomicroscope on 90× magnification. The mean marginal gaps of the four groups were compared using a one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the Tukey honestly significant difference (HSD) test considering p<0.05 as the cutoff for statistical significance. Results The mean marginal gap of the 40 µm, 80 µm, 120 µm, and 160 µm groups were 46.25±21.20 µm, 21.75±11.10 µm, 15.94±06.62 µm, and 13.10±07.08 µm, respectively. One-way ANOVA showed a significant difference in the marginal gaps between groups (p<0.001). The Tukey post hoc test showed a statistically significant mean difference between 40 µm and each of the other three groups (p<0.001). Conclusion The cement space parameter variation affects the marginal adaptation of endocrowns. The cement space of 40 µm resulted in a higher marginal gap than cement spaces of 80, 120, and 160 µm.
PLA Films Containing Montmorillonite Nanoclay–Citronella Essential Oil Hybrids for Potential Active Film Formulation

This work evaluated the synergistic effect of citronella essential oil (Ct) and montmorillonite (MMT) (called hybrid compound) incorporated in Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) films at different concentrations (3, 10, 15, and 20 wt%). PLA films were characterized using X-ray diffraction, SEM, TGA, and DSC considering their mechanical properties and essential oil migration. XRD analysis showed the effective interaction between MMT and oil. Thermal analysis, SEM, and mechanical tests were essential to understand the saturation point of the PLA composites. Samples with 15% and 20% of Ct showed a crystallinity reduction of 0.5% compared to samples with 3% and 10% of Ct. PLA/MMT–Ct showed a reduction in tensile strength of the order of 16 and 24, correlated to 15% and 20% of the Ct content, respectively, compared to PLA/MMT–Ct3%. Migration tests showed fast oil delivery correlated with high oil concentration, as evidenced using the PLA/MMT–Ct20% sample results, which showed an estimated release of 50% in the first 150 h due to system saturation, and the remaining being released in the last 350 h. Therefore, the migration tests provide an effective Ct concentration range promising for application with active packaging due to the intrinsic antimicrobial properties of Ct.
Content, Readability, and Accountability of Online Health Information for Patients Regarding Blue Light and Impact on Ocular Health

Objective To evaluate the quality and readability of online health content regarding the ocular health effects of blue light. Methods Five commercial and five non-commercial websites with content regarding the ocular effect of blue light were examined. Quality evaluations were conducted using a 14-question assessment composed by the authors and the 16-question DISCERN instrument. Website accountability was evaluated via the Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA) benchmarks. Readability was determined using an online tool (Readable). Correlational and comparative analyses were conducted where appropriate. Results The average questionnaire score was 84 (standard deviation [SD] ± 17.89, 95% confidence interval [CI] 77.32-90.68) out of 136 points (61.8%). Significant differences in quality were identified between websites (p = 0.02), with Healthline achieving the highest score. Compared to commercial websites, non-commercial websites trended toward having significantly higher median questionnaire scores (p = 0.06). Zero websites achieved all four JAMA benchmarks. The average reading grade level of content was 10.43 (SD ± 1.15, 95% CI 9.60 - 11.25), with differences between websites trending toward significance (p = 0.09). There was no correlation between resource readability and quality (ρ = 0.28; p = 0.43) or accountability (ρ = 0.47; p = 0.17). Conclusions There remain substantial deficiencies in the quality, accountability, and readability of online content concerning the effect of blue light on ocular health. Clinicians and patients must recognize such issues when recommending and consuming these resources.
Low-dimensional signatures of the sound production mechanisms in subsonic jets: Towards their identification and control

Neareld pressure and turbulence velocity data from measurements performed in subsonic jets with Mach numbers of 0.3 and 0.85 are analysed in the context of feedback control of jet noise. The low-dimensional building-blocks of the pressure and velocity elds are extracted, by means of joint Proper-Orthogonal, Fourier- azimuthal Decompositions, and studied with a view to understanding their respective roles in the production of jet noise. These building blocks exhibit many of the characteristics commonly associated with instability waves in forced jets, and it is thus possible to identify their pertinent properties where the production of sound is concerned, properties which will serve as input for an eventual feedback controller. for a reduced order description of complex dynamical systems. At both Syracuse and Poitiers these techniques have recently been applied to free jets with the focus, traditionally turned towards the dynamic of the turbulence, now shifted to consider the mechanism by which this turbulence generates sound. This is a highly complex problem, the science of which, although now over fty years old, has struggled to come up with reliable modelling and reduction strategies. The crux of the problem is to be found in the fact that a subsonic jet constitutes an acoustic source with an efcienc y the order of 0.01 . So, we are faced with a problem where the dynamic we must understand and learn to control is a random function of space and time and has an efcienc y of approximately zero! All however is perhaps not lost. We know that free jets present a certain underlying determinism - the coherent structures, the Kelvin Helmholtz instability, the structured azimuthal modes. These phenomena underlie the global turbulence characteristics of the o w, and have been shown to be important in the sound generation process. If their dynamic, and that of the mechanism by which they produce sound can be understood and modelled, then feedback control of this component of the jet noise may be feasible. The experiments described in this paper aim to do just that. Work has been focused on ascertaining the relationship between the deterministic component of the o w and its sound
Convergence Speed and Robustness Analysis of Epidemic Spreading Processes With Time-Delay

The networked Susceptible-Infected-Susceptible (SIS) model is a well-studied model for epidemic spreading processes in complex networks. A critical problem in the networked SIS model with time delay is to simultaneously optimize the network's convergence rate to the healthy state and its robustness to time delay while there is a constraint on the total curing resources that can be utilized throughout the network. Here, this problem has been derived as a multi-objective optimization problem with additional constraints guaranteeing a minimum convergence rate and a maximum tolerable time delay. It is shown that the problem's Pareto frontier consists of three segments, where for complete bipartite network and uniform infection rates their details have been derived analytically. By incorporating both objective functions into one, a corresponding convex optimization problem is developed, which is solved over tree reducible bipartite networks, using semidefinite programming (SDP). Furthermore, a convex combination approximation has been provided for the second segment of the Pareto frontier. The trade-off between the convergence rate and robustness to time-delay has been demonstrated via numerical simulations, where, for scale-free networks, the impact of network's size on this trade-off has been investigated numerically. Additionally, it is shown how the convergence rate is dictated by the eigenvalue of the $M$-matrix of the network, and the first segment of the Pareto frontier provides the most diverse results.
ANOMALOUS TRANSPORT OF WATER VAPOR FOR SUSTAINED TORRENTIAL RAIN AND ITS VARIATION

The characteristics of water vapor transport and its anomaly for torrential rain during the annually first rainy season(April-June) and each month of the year in Guangdong were analyzed using 86-station observational daily precipitation of the province and daily atmospheric data from NCEP-DOE Reanalysis 2 during 1979—2011. Besides, the variation of water vapor transport anomaly with MJO activity was diagnosed further. It was shown that the climatological water vapor during the rainy season is mainly transported from(1) the Bay of Bengal through the Indochina Peninsula to Southern China(namely the southwest transport),(2) the tropical western Pacific in a northward route with the edge flow of the subtropical high through the South China Sea(namely the southeast transport), and(3) the southwestern side of Tibetan Plateau in an eastward route with the southern branch of the westerlies(namely the westward transport). Anomalous origin of water vapor transport for anomalous rainfall is different from that of climatological mean. Anomalous water vapor transport for torrential rain is primarily via the southeast branch, west branch and north branch of transport anomaly, which originates from mid-low latitudes of China with north wind anomaly. The north branch intensifies the convergence of water vapor flux, and is not an actual water vapor source. Anomalous water vapor transport for torrential rain changes with the month. The west and north branches are commonly shared by the torrential rain in April, May and June. Moreover, the southwest and southeast branches contribute to the torrential rain in May, and the southeast branch contributes to that of June. Water vapor transport anomaly for sustained torrential rain(lasting for 3 days or more) is different from that of 1- or 2-day torrential rain in each month. For sustained torrential rain, the southeast branch is much stronger than that for the 1- or 2-day torrential rain in April, May and June. The southwest branch for sustained torrential rain changes with the activity of MJO in June. The southwest branch transporting to Southern China is strong in phase 4, phase 5, phase 6 and phase 7 of MJO, and it is weak in phase 8, phase 1, phase 2 and phase 3. The impacting process of MJO activity on the intensity of the southwest branch is primarily through the change of meridional thermal contrast, which influences the intensity of southwest monsoon over the Bay of Bengal and results in the change of water vapor transport by monsoon.
Boron and zinc foliar application enhanced the morphophysiological responses and mineral absorption in the hydroponically grown ‘Aromas’ strawberry

Abstract Boron and zinc play a pivotal role in the fruit set, and the need for them is high at the phenological stages of plants. This experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of boron and zinc foliar application on the nutrient content and morphophysiological characteristics of ‘Aromas’ strawberries in the hydroponic system. A 3 × 3 factorial experiment was organized in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications in the greenhouse under hydroponic system. Treatments were zinc sulfate (0, 100, and 200 mg L−1) and boric acid (0, 500, and 1000 mg L−1). Foliar application of the treatments was carried out in three times. The highest number (13.88) and weight (192.49 g plant−1) of marketable fruits were found in strawberries treated with 200 mg L−1 zinc sulfate + 500 mg L−1 boric acid. The application of 200 mg L−1 zinc sulfate or 200 mg L−1 zinc sulfate + 500 mg L−1 boric acid significantly increased the shoot biomass, K and Zn contents as well as anthocyanin compared to the control. Also, the foliar application of zinc and boron improved N and B absorption as well as shoot and root fresh weight. However, the boron and zinc foliar application have no substantial effect on the content of Mn and Cu in the shoot.
Chitosan-Silica Hybrid Biomaterials for Bone Tissue Engineering: A Comparative Study of Xerogels and Aerogels

Chitosan (CS) is a natural biopolymer that shows promise as a biomaterial for bone-tissue regeneration. However, because of their limited ability to induce cell differentiation and high degradation rate, among other drawbacks associated with its use, the creation of CS-based biomaterials remains a problem in bone tissue engineering research. Here we aimed to reduce these disadvantages while retaining the benefits of potential CS biomaterial by combining it with silica to provide sufficient additional structural support for bone regeneration. In this work, CS-silica xerogel and aerogel hybrids with 8 wt. % CS content, designated SCS8X and SCS8A, respectively, were prepared by sol-gel method, either by direct solvent evaporation at the atmospheric pressure or by supercritical drying in CO2, respectively. As reported in previous studies, it was confirmed that both types of mesoporous materials exhibited large surface areas (821 m2g−1–858 m2g−1) and outstanding bioactivity, as well as osteoconductive properties. In addition to silica and chitosan, the inclusion of 10 wt. % of tricalcium phosphate (TCP), designated SCS8T10X, was also considered, which stimulates a fast bioactive response of the xerogel surface. The results here obtained also demonstrate that xerogels induced earlier cell differentiation than the aerogels with identical composition. In conclusion, our study shows that the sol-gel synthesis of CS-silica xerogels and aerogels enhances not only their bioactive response, but also osteoconduction and cell differentiation properties. Therefore, these new biomaterials should provide adequate secretion of the osteoid for a fast bone regeneration.
Quaternary Reversible Circuit Optimization for Scalable Multiplexer and Demultiplexer

Information loss is generally related to power consumption. Therefore, reducing information loss is an interesting challenge in designing digital systems. Quaternary reversible circuits have received significant attention due to their low-power design applications and attractive advantages over binary reversible logic. Multiplexer and demultiplexer circuits are crucial parts of computing circuits in ALU, and their efficient design can significantly affect the processors’ performance. A new scalable realization of quaternary reversible <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$4\times 1$ </tex-math></inline-formula> multiplexer and <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$1\times 4$ </tex-math></inline-formula> demultiplexer, based on quaternary 1-qudit Shift, 3-qudit Controlled Feynman, and 2-qudit Muthukrishnan-Stroud gates, is presented in this paper. Moreover, the corresponding generalized quaternary reversible <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$n\times 1$ </tex-math></inline-formula> multiplexer and <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$1\times n$ </tex-math></inline-formula> demultiplexer circuits are proposed. The comparison, with respect to the current literature, shows that the proposed circuits are more efficient in terms of quantum cost, the number of garbage outputs, and the number of constant inputs.
M&A valuation for going concern: A case study using Samsung electronics’ adjusted EBITDA Multiple

Abstract This study analyzes the limitations of EBITDA (Earnings Before Interest, Taxes, Depreciation and Amortization) Multiple from the perspective of the going concern principle. A new Adjusted EBITDA Multiple that complements the limitations of the EBITDA Multiple is generated and applied to real-world cases for comparison. EBITDA Multiple is used to assess if the target company is undervalued or overvalued; adjusted EBITDA Multiple is used to determine the time taken to recover the total acquisition cost of a company in an M&A transaction. Samsung Electronics, South Korea’s leading tech firm, is used as a case study to analyze financial information between 2017 and 2021. The result varied with the M&A decisions. Investment decisions in M&A are made considering the assets (debt + capital) to be assumed with the acquisition and additional investment costs for the target’s sustainable management. We propose a new valuation method for recovering M&A investment costs, considering the long-term sustainable growth of the acquired company.
Entrainment and mixing in unsteady gravity currents

ABSTRACT Entrainment and mixing in lock-exchange gravity currents are investigated by large eddy simulations. Nine cases are analysed, varying the initial excess density driving the motion and the aspect ratio r of the initial water depth to the lock length. Laboratory experiments are also performed and a fair agreement between numerical simulations and measurements is found. Mixing between the gravity current and the ambient fluid, in both the slumping and self-similar phases, is studied for a range of entrainment parameters, gravity current fractional area and using an energy budget method. The entrainment is found to increase as r decreases. The occurrence of irreversible mixing is detected during the entire development of the flow, i.e. both in the slumping and self-similar phases. A higher amount of mixing is observed as r decreases and the initial excess density increases.
Thermo-Chemical Modification of Cellulose for the Adsorptive Removal of Titan Yellow from Wastewater

This research work focuses on the isolation and thermo-chemical modification of cellulose and its application as an adsorbent for the removal of organic pollutants. The used cellulose was collected from a locally available plant (Olive Europa) commonly called Zaitoon. The stem branches of Zaitoon were collected and then kept in water for 40–45 days at room temperature to extract the cellulose fibers. These cellulose fibers were then kept in the Soxhlet apparatus for washing in n-hexane for 72 h. The purified cellulose was divided into three parts: one part was subjected to thermal activation (TAC), the second was modified chemically (CMC) with Benzyl Chloride, while the last one remained un-functionalized (UFC). All the three forms of cellulose were characterized via FTIR and SEM, then utilized for the removal of Titan Yellow (TY) dye from aqueous media via adsorption process by varying the contact time, temperature, concentration of dye and type, and dose of adsorbent. The adsorption efficiencies of all adsorbents were compared under different experimental variables. Thermally activated cellulose showed the best results for the removal of TY compared with other materials. The calculated removal percentage of TY was found to be 97.69, 94.83, 94.83, and 98% under equilibrium conditions of contact time, temperature, adsorbent dose, and TY concentration. Similarly, the uptake capacities of TAC under optimal experimental conditions were found to be 19.56, 18.96, 18.52, and 18.75 mg/g. Thermodynamic studies of TAC, CMC, and UFC showed that the values of ΔG are negative, while those of ΔH and ΔS are positive in all cases and at all temperatures. This indicates that the TY elimination process is endothermic and spontaneous with an entropy-driven nature. The obtained results indicate that the as-fabricated low-cost biomaterials can effectively remove dyes from wastewater through physicochemical interactions. The removal process was influenced by the nature of the adsorbent and the operating variables.
Making Time Series Embeddings More Interpretable in Deep Learning - Extracting Higher-Level Features via Symbolic Approximation Representations

With the success of language models in deep learning, multiple new time series embeddings have been proposed. However, the interpretability of those representations is often still lacking compared to word embeddings. This paper tackles this issue, aiming to present some criteria for making time series embeddings applied in deep learning models more interpretable using higher-level features in symbolic form. For that, we investigate two different approaches for extracting symbolic approximation representations regarding the frequency and the trend information, i.e. the Symbolic Fourier Approximation (SFA) and the Symbolic Aggregate approXimation (SAX). In particular, we analyze and discuss the impact of applying the different representation approaches. Furthermore, in our experimentation, we apply a state-of-the-art Transformer model to demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed approach regarding explainability in a comprehensive evaluation using a large set of time series datasets.
A Criterion of Convergence of Generalized Processes and an Application to a Supercritical Branching Particle System

The problem of convergence in distribution of a large class of generalized semimartingales to a continuous process is considerably simplified by a recent theorem of Aldous [1], in conjunction with a result of Cremers and Kadelka [3] on convergence of integral functional, and the results of Mitoma [15] and Fouque [8] for generalized processes. We will give a convenient convergence criterion in this setting. The proof amounts to a direct combination of the results of the abovementioned authors, requiring only a minor extension (of a special case) of the theorem of Cremers and Kadelka.
Perturbations visqueuses de problèmes mixtes hyperboliques et couches limites

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Online Audio-Visual Information on the Treatment of OSA with Mandibular Advancement Devices: Analysis of Quality, Reliability and Contents

The Internet is a preferred source of health information. This study evaluated the quality, reliability and content of online audio-visual information on the mandibular advancement device (MAD) for the treatment of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). “Mandibular advancement device” was searched on four online platforms. A total of 63 videos (51% from healthcare professionals, 22% from commercial companies, 21% from laypeople, and 6% from hospitals/universities) were evaluated using metrics, the video information and quality index (VIQI), modified-DISCERN, and the Journal of American Medical Association (JAMA) benchmark criteria and contents. VIQI had significantly lower scores for videos uploaded by laypeople (mean 7.92, 95%CI 5.90–9.95) versus healthcare professionals (12.38, 95%CI 11.28–13.47) and commercial companies (11.21, 95%CI 9.61–12.81). The m-DISCERN scores were significantly lower for laypeople (1.15, 95%CI 0.93–1.40) versus healthcare professionals (2.13, 95%CI 1.73–2.52) and hospitals/universities (3.00, 95%CI 1.70–4.30), as well as for commercial companies (1.43, 95%CI 1.13-1.73) versus hospitals/universities. Contents were significantly less complete for laypeople (1.54, 95%CI 0.60–2.48) versus healthcare professionals (3.25, 95%CI 2.66–3.84). The results of the present study suggest that the quality and completeness of online audio-visual information with respect to the use of MAD for the treatment of OSA are generally poor, and the currently available videos, especially those uploaded by laypeople, may determine misinformation and/or unrealistic treatment expectations.