Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Author response to anonymous referee #1 on “An intercomparison of CH3O2 measurements by Fluorescence Assay by Gas Expansion and Cavity Ring–Down Spectroscopy within HIRAC (Highly Instrumented Reactor for Atmospheric Chemistry)” by L. Onel et al

Simultaneous measurements of CH3O2 radical concentrations have been performed using two different methods in the Leeds HIRAC (Highly Instrumented Reactor for Atmospheric Chemistry) chamber at 295 K and in 80 mbar of a mixture of 3:1 He:O2 and 100 mbar or 1000 mbar of synthetic air. The first detection method consisted of the indirect detection of CH3O2 using the conversion of CH3O2 into CH3O by excess NO with subsequent detection of CH3O by fluorescence assay by gas expansion 15 (FAGE). The FAGE instrument was calibrated for CH3O2 in two ways. In the first method, a known concentration of CH3O2 was generated using the 185 nm photolysis of water vapour in synthetic air at atmospheric pressure followed by the conversion of the generated OH radicals to CH3O2 by reaction with CH4/O2. This calibration can be used for experiments performed in HIRAC at 1000 mbar in air. In the second method, calibration was achieved by generating a near steady-state of CH3O2 and then switching off the photolysis lamps within HIRAC and monitoring the subsequent decay of CH3O2 which was controlled 20 via its self-reaction, and analysing the decay using second order kinetics. This calibration could be used for experiments performed at all pressures. In the second detection method, CH3O2 has been measured directly using Cavity Ring-Down Spectroscopy (CRDS) using the absorption at 7487.98 cm in the A  X (12) band with the optical path along the ~1.4 m chamber diameter. Analysis of the second-order kinetic decays of CH3O2 by self-reaction monitored by CRDS has been used for the determination of the CH3O2 absorption cross section at 7487.98 cm, both at 100 mbar of air and at 80 mbar of a 3:1 25 He:O2 mixture, from which CH3O2 = (1.49  0.19) × 10 cm molecule was determined for both pressures. The absorption spectrum of CH3O2 between 7486 and 7491 cm did not change shape when the total pressure was increased to 1000 mbar, from which we determined that CH3O2 is independent of pressure over the pressure range 100–1000 mbar in air. CH3O2 was generated in HIRAC using either the photolysis of Cl2 with UV black lamps in the presence of CH4 and O2 or the photolysis of acetone at 254 nm in the presence of O2. At 1000 mbar of synthetic air the correlation plot of [CH3O2]FAGE against 30 [CH3O2]CRDS gave a gradient of 1.09 ± 0.06. At 100 mbar of synthetic air the gradient of the FAGE – CRDS correlation plot had a gradient of 0.95 ± 0.02 and at 80 mbar of 3:1 He:O2 mixture the correlation plot gradient was 1.03 ± 0.05. These results provide a validation of the FAGE method to determine concentrations of CH3O2.
Authors response-North Atlantic SST relationship with Jet Stream anomalies and European Heat waves-A composite study

European heat waves have increased during the two recent decades. Particularly 1994, 2015 and 2018 were characterized by a widespread area of cold North Atlantic sea surface temperatures (SSTs) as well as positive surface temperature anomalies across large parts of the European continent during boreal summer. The European heat wave of 2018 is further suggested to be induced by a quasi-stationary and high-amplified Rossby wave pattern associated with the so-called quasi-resonant 5 amplification (QRA) mechanism. Another theory proposes, that certain heat wave events evolve through recurrent Rossby wave pattern, without involving stationarity. In this study, we evaluate whether and how the North Atlantic SST anomalies are related to European heat waves by using the ERA-5 reanalysis product. A composite study reveals that cold North Atlantic SST anomalies favour a more undulating jet stream and a preferred troughridge pattern in the North Atlantic-European sector. Further we found that cold North Atlantic SSTs are more likely to occur 10 with a stronger double jet, particularly in the North Atlantic sector. A performed wave analysis covering two-dimensional probability density distributions of phase speed and amplitude suggests that cold North Atlantic SST events enhance the dominance of transient waves. In the presence of a trough during cold North Atlantic events, we obtain a slow-down of the transient waves, but not necessarily an amplification or stationarity. The deceleration of the transient waves result in a longer duration of a trough over the North Atlantic accompanied by a ridge downstream over Europe, triggering European heat 15 episodes. These findings are more in line with the recurrent Rossby wave pattern theory. Although a given preconditioning with a double jet structure may also be subject to the onset of quasi-stationary and high-amplified waves, our study found no general relation between cold North Atlantic SST events and these waves. Our study highlights the relevance of cold North Atlantic SSTs for the onset of high European temperatures by affecting travelling jet stream undulations (but without involving QRA in general). Further attention should be drawn not only to the 20 influence of North Atlantic SST year-to-year variability, but also to the effect of the North Atlantic warming hole as a negative SST anomaly in the long term, which is projected to evolve through climate change.
Supplementary material to "Global patterns and drivers of soil total phosphorus concentration"

Abstract. Soils represent the largest phosphorus (P) reserves on land and determining the amount is a critical first step for identifying sites where ecosystem functioning is potentially limited by P availability. However, global patterns and predictors of soil total P concentration remain poorly understood. To address this knowledge gap, we constructed a database of the total P concentration of 5,275 distributed globally natural soils. We quantified the relative importance of 13 soil-forming variables in predicting soil total P concentration and then made further predictions at the global scale using a random forest approach. Soil total P concentration varied significantly among parent material types, soil orders, biomes, and continents, and ranged widely from 1.4 to 9,630.0 (median 430.0 and mean 570.0) mg kg−1 across the globe. About two-thirds (65 %) of the global variation was accounted for by the 13 variables that we selected, among which soil organic carbon concentration, parent material, mean annual temperature, and soil sand content were the most important. While global predictions of soil total P concentration increased significantly with latitude, they varied largely among regions with similar latitudes due to regional differences in parent material, topography, and/or climate conditions. Global soil P stocks (excluding Antarctica) were estimated to be 26.8 ± 3.1 (mean ± standard deviation) Pg and 62.2 ± 8.9 Pg (1 Pg = 1 × 1015 g) in the topsoil (0–30 cm) and subsoil (30–100 cm), respectively. Our global map of soil total P concentration as well as the underlying drivers of soil total P concentration can be used to constraint Earth system models that represent the P cycle and to inform quantification of global soil P availability. Raw datasets and global maps generated in this study are available at https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare. 14583375 (He et al., 2021).
A Critical Literature Review on “Building Information Modeling (BIM)-Based Dynamic Inventory Control Model for Material Management in Construction Industry”

Building information modeling (BIM) is one of the most promising recent developments in the construction industry. With BIM technology, an accurate virtual model of a building is digitally constructed. This model, known as a Building Information Model, can be used for each phases (Pre-Construction, Construction and Post-Construction) of project. Cost of construction material sum upto 40-60 % of the total project Cost that’s why optimization of material will control overall project cost directly. The application of inventory management techniques along with BIM technology, may give effective control on inventory and there by its cost. In this Review paper, Literature review related to the BIM technology and Inventory Management Techniques are carried out and at last Research Gap is found. IndexTerms Building Information Modelling (BIM), 3D, 4D, Inventory Management, Optimization
O EFEITO DO TAMANHO NA RELAÇÃO ENTRE ESTRUTURA DE CONTROLE E DISCLOSURE VOLUNTÁRIO DE COMPANHIAS BRASILEIRAS Do Largest Corporations Disclosure Less Information Because They Have More Private Benefits?

O estudo objetiva analisar a influência do tamanho na relação entre estrutura de controle e disclosure voluntário das companhias listas na B3. Para atingir este fim, foi criada uma variável dependente, “nível de disclosure voluntário”, que corresponde a 38 indicadores de informações coletados manualmente dos demonstrativos e sites das empresas. Após, estimou-se um modelo de regressão com dados em painel balanceados através do efeito threshold para tamanho, a fim de identificar a relação entre as variáveis. Os resultados indicaram que as empresas menores, com estrutura de controle mais concentrada, tendem a apresentar maior nível de disclosure voluntário. Contudo, para as maiores empresas, quanto maior a concentração da estrutura de controle, menor a evidenciação dessas informações. Essas inferências levam a crer que as maiores corporações brasileiras com controle mais concentrado podem não estar interessadas em divulgar informações voluntárias, porque a maioria de seus acionistas goza de benefícios privados de controle.
Financial decisions involving credit default swaps over the business cycle

We develop a continuous-time model over business cycles to analyze the effects of credit default swap (CDS) trading on CDS firms' financial decisions. We show that debtholders' CDS hedging demand is procyclical. CDS trading postpones debt renegotiation and risk-taking investment. CDS firms have a higher leverage ratio than non-CDS firms. CDS firms’ leverage and credit spreads are countercyclical. CDS trading can increase or decrease CDS firms' value, depending on macroeconomic conditions, idiosyncratic risk and borrowers' bargaining power and we thus come close to resolving such controversy in the literature. Some our predictions are verified by empirical studies.
Employee representatives, employee related disclosures, and the implementation of the Non-Financial Reporting Directive

We explore how employee representatives on corporate boards influence the extent and the quality of employee related disclosures in light of the recent EU Directive (2014/95) on Non-Financial Reporting (NFR). Using a sample of Swedish firms listed at the Stockholm Stock Exchange, we examine the level and the quality of employee related information before and after the Directive, and compare firms with and without employee representatives. Our results point to higher quality disclosures on employee related matters in firms with employee representatives in general. The results on the effect of the new regulatory requirement indicate that the overall quality of disclosures increases after the regulation, but this increase is only found in firms without employee representatives. We also document that employee related disclosures are more concrete and less uncertain in firms with employee representatives, although the level of uncertainty has increased after the implementation of the Directive. These findings suggest that the regulation contributes to a better quality of employee reporting, when there is a lack of substituting governance mechanisms.
Consequences of changing water clarity on the fish and fisheries of the Laurentian Great Lakes

Human-driven environmental change underlies recent changes in water clarity in many of the world’s great lakes, yet our understanding of the consequences of these changes on the fish and fisheries they support remains incomplete. Herein, we offer a framework to organize current knowledge, guide future research, and help fisheries managers understand how water clarity can affect their valued populations. Emphasizing Laurentian Great Lakes findings where possible, we describe how changing water clarity can directly affect fish populations and communities by altering exposure to ultraviolet radiation, foraging success, predation risk, reproductive behavior, or territoriality. We also discuss how changing water clarity can affect fisheries harvest and assessment through effects on fisher behavior and sampling efficiency (i.e., catchability). Finally, we discuss whether changing water clarity can affect understudied aspects of fishery performance, including economic and community benefits. We conclude by identifying generalized predictions and discuss their implications for priority research questions for the Laurentian Great Lakes. Even though the motivation for this work was regional, the breadth of the review and generality of the framework are readily transferable to other freshwater and marine habitats.
The One Born of Fire: a pterosaurological analysis of Rodan

Although often compared to birds, Rodan is explicitly based on pterosaurs. In fact, its Japanese name ラドン Radon is a contraction of the name of the pterosaur genus Pteranodon, and its design reflects this. Rodan’s head, with its toothless beak and curved crests, is clearly based on that of Pteranodon. The original Rodan’s crest shape bears a particular resemblance to specimen YPM 25941, a fossil of an adult male Pteranodon longiceps (Fig. 2).
Uncovering Patterns in Collaborative Interactions via Cluster Analysis of Museum Exhibit Logfiles

A driving factor in designing interactive museum exhibits to support simultaneous users is that visitors learn from one another via observation and conversation. Researchers typically analyze such collaborative interactions among museumgoers through manual coding of live-or video-recorded exhibit use. We sought to determine how log data from an interactive multi-user exhibit could indicate patterns in visitor interactions that could shed light on informal collaborative learning. We characterized patterns from log data generated by an interactive tangible tabletop exhibit using factors like “pace of activity” and the timing of “success events. ” Here we describe processes for parsing and visualizing log data and explore what these processes revealed about individual and group interactions with interactive museum exhibits. Using clustering techniques to categorize museumgoer behavior and heat maps to visualize patterns in the log data, we found distinct trends in how users solved the exhibit. Some players seemed more reflective, while others seemed more achievement oriented. We also found that the most productive sessions occurred when players occupied all four areas of the table, suggesting that the activity design had the desired outcome of promoting collaborative activity
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids (ω−3 fatty acids): A Ray of Hope in the Management of Cognitive Disfunctioning and Neurodegeneration

Polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω-3 fatty acids) have been related to healthy ageing all over life. A moment ago, from fish source ω3fatty acids DHA and EPA have been linked to fetal development in AD and cognition related problems. However, since human body does not effectively produce few ω-3 fatty acids, which obtain from marine sources. The brain is extremely augmented with lipid bilayers. Thus, it is accountable to undertake that the compounding of different fatty acids within brain ha importance for the brain functioning, counting neuropsychiatric and cognition development. To know the special effects form fatty acid consumption, we required to depend along the mutual evaluation of observational studies, observations and Interventional studies. The brain is enriched with lipid bilayers of ω-3 fatty acid constituents like DHA and EPA may cause heaps of effects on the mentality. The potential function of ω-3 fatty acids, DHA and EPA in the suppression of cognitive degeneration, including AD have involved key importance for the past two decades. Additionally, AD has delivered the utmost positive sign to backing the situation that inflammation contributes to neurodegenerative disorder. It is assumed that primarily, management or prevention of inflammation may delay the indications of AD. Ordinarily, switches the brain physiology with increased age, making up a reduction of elongated chain ω-3 fatty acids and brain of AD patients have reduced the DHA presence. Provided supplementary DHA can decrease the indications of inflammations. The health related benefits of ω3 fatty acids are very appreciable. Currently, there is no any evidence of maintenance or confirmation of that modifiable risk parameters like herbal medicines, nutritional supplements, modified diet etc. Are associated with reduced the risk elements of AD or the cognition failure. Even though, multiple studies are demonstrating that lifestyle and diet related parameters are the chief risk factors for AD and cognition behavior. This chapter basically www.ijcrt. org © 2020 IJCRT | Volume 8, Issue 7 July 2020 | ISSN: 2320-2882 IJCRT2007134 International Journal of Creative Research Thoughts (IJCRT) www.ijcrt. org 1684 focused on the different functions of ω-3 fatty acids, mainly DHA and EPA in different neurodegerative diseases and disorders.
SynopticLarge-scale drivers of the Mistralmistral wind: link to Rossby wave life cycles and seasonal variability

The mistral is a northerly low level jet blowing through the Rhône valley in southern France, and down to the Gulf 10 of Lions. It is co-located with the cold sector of a low level lee-cyclone in the Gulf of Genoa, behind an upper level trough north of the Alps. The mistral wind has long been associated with extreme weather events in the Mediterranean, and while extensive research focused on the low-tropospheric mistral and lee-cyclogenesis, the different upper-tropospheric largeand synoptic-scale settings involved in producing the mistral wind are not generally known. Here, the isentropic potential vorticity (PV) structures governing the occurrence of the mistral wind are classified using a self-organizing map (SOM) clustering 15 algorithm. Based upon a 36-year (1981-2016) mistral database and daily ERA-Interim isentropic PV data, 16 distinct mistralassociated PV structures emerge. Each classified flow pattern corresponds to a different type or stage of the Rossby wave lifecycle, from broad troughs, thin PV streamers, to distinguished cut-offs. Each of these PV patterns exhibit a distinct surface impact in terms of the surface cyclone, surface turbulent heat fluxes, wind, temperature and precipitation. A clear seasonal separation between the clusters is evident and transitions between the clusters correspond to different Rossby wave-breaking 20 processes. This analysis provides a new perspective on the variability of the mistral, and of the Genoa lee-cyclogenesis in general, linking the upper-level PV structures to their surface impact over Europe, the Mediterranean and north Africa.
GENDER ANALYSIS OF THE CONTENT OF VOICES THAT OTHERS DO NOT HEAR

From symptom to experience, the meaning of hearing voices hás been changing through out history. However, even today, when the user reports hearing voices, He is lightly diagnosed with some mental disorder and referred for treatment, which, for the most part, is medication. Subjectivity, the content of voices and their interfaces with socio-cultural aspects are not usually part of assistance to voice-hearers. Therefore, the aim was to analyze the presence of socially and culturally established values and stereotypes for women and men in the content of the users’ voices of a Centro de Atenção Psicossocial II – CAPS II (Psychosocial Care Center II), by reading 389 active medical records. The results demonstrate that the statements present in the content of the voices were some how influenced by social and cultural values and stereotypes, such as violence, the roles of men and women in society and the formation of the female subject from the aesthetics of the body. Incorporating the gender marker in research on voice-hearers promotes a socio-historical analysis of this experience, overcoming the limitations that Psychiatry hás imposed. Besides empowering subjects, considering the life story of people who hear voices and what the voice enunciates through its content, allows the creation of strategies for the development of good coexistence with them, reflecting on the mental health and the live production of these subjects.
The matter density PDF for modified gravity and dark energy with Large Deviations Theory

We present an analytical description of the probability distribution function (PDF) of the smoothed three-dimensional matter density field for modified gravity and dark energy. Our approach, based on the principles of Large Deviations Theory, is applicable to general extensions of the standard ΛCDM cosmology. We show that late-time changes to the law of gravity and background expansion can be included through Einstein-de Sitter spherical collapse dynamics combined with linear theory calculations and a calibration measurement of the non-linear variance of the smoothed density field from a simple numerical simulation. In a comparison to N-body simulations for f(R), DGP and evolving dark energy theories, we find percent level accuracy around the peak of the distribution for predictions in the mildly non-linear regime. A Fisher forecast of an idealised experiment with a Euclid-like survey volume demonstrates the power of combining measurements of the 3D matter PDF with the 3D matter power spectrum. This combination is shown to halve the uncertainty on parameters for an evolving dark energy model, relative to a power spectrum analysis on its own. The PDF is also found to substantially increase the detection significance for small departures from General Relativity, with improvements of up to six times compared to the power spectrum alone. This analysis is therefore very promising for future studies including non-Gaussian statistics, as it has the potential to alleviate the reliance of these analyses on expensive high resolution simulations and emulators.
Vision Guided Generative Pre-trained Language Models for Multimodal Abstractive Summarization

Multimodal abstractive summarization (MAS) models that summarize videos (vision modality) and their corresponding transcripts (text modality) are able to extract the essential information from massive multimodal data on the Internet. Recently, large-scale generative pre-trained language models (GPLMs) have been shown to be effective in text generation tasks. However, existing MAS models cannot leverage GPLMs’ powerful generation ability. To fill this research gap, we aim to study two research questions: 1) how to inject visual information into GPLMs without hurting their generation ability; and 2) where is the optimal place in GPLMs to inject the visual information? In this paper, we present a simple yet effective method to construct vision guided (VG) GPLMs for the MAS task using attention-based add-on layers to incorporate visual information while maintaining their original text generation ability. Results show that our best model significantly surpasses the prior state-of-the-art model by 5.7 ROUGE-1, 5.3 ROUGE-2, and 5.1 ROUGE-L scores on the How2 dataset, and our vision guidance method contributes 83.6% of the overall improvement. Furthermore, we conduct thorough ablation studies to analyze the effectiveness of various modality fusion methods and fusion locations.