Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of Hepatitis B Core Antibody in Medical Health care Workers in Nnewi, Anambra state, Nigeria

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a major causative agent of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and it remains a major public health problem worldwide . Viral hepatitis causes both acute and chronic infection with significant complications. Up to 400 million people worldwide have hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)-positive chronic viral infection, which is primarily acquired by vertical transmission in high-endemicity countries . HBV accounts annually for an estimated 1 million deaths worldwide . Transmission of HBV among adults occurs via contact with infected blood and body fluids such as semen, vaginal fluids and salvia. Antibody to hepatitis B core antigen (anti-HBc or HBcAb) is the most sensitive marker of previous hepatitis B contact (4) . It is the earliest antibody in response to HBV infection, appearing as IgM anti-HBc, and it persists for life as IgG anti-HBc after 6 months of the infection. Isolation of anti-Hbc signify either remote infection with waning anti-HBs without viremia or infection with undetectable level of HBsAg. HVB infection is a serious global health issue, number of people have had the infection in the past, some are dead while some developed protective antibody which occur natuarally or through immunization. A Medical Health care worker (MHCW) was defined as an individual who works in a health facility providing healthcare services or involved in maintenance of the health facilities. Health workers that are at-risk are those that who often come in contact with blood and body fluids from patients they are caring for while in the hospital. These included doctors and nurses who treat patients, laboratory personnel involved in sample collection, staff who handles hospital waste and soiled laundry, and mortuary attendants who handle dead bodies. Health facility is defined as a registered place, private or public, that offered healthcare services. When infection of HBV occurs, there follows the development of host immunity, the nature determines the course and type of disease and its consequences; some will develop persistent ABSTRACT
Algal control and enhanced removal in drinking waters in Cairo, Egypt: A case study

Incidents of algal blooms targeting the major water treatment plants within the capital region have been reported by the Egyptian media since 2006. While previous studies focused upon the identification of algal types and its correlation to the disinfection byproducts formed, no correlation between the change in rawwater quality and this phenomenonwas explored. For this purpose, a survey of the Nile water quality parameters at one of the major water intakes at El-Maadi, South of Greater Cairo Urban Region was conducted during the period Dec 2011- Nov 2012. Bench-scale experiments were conducted to evaluate the effectivity of the conventional chloride/alum treatment relative to a combined Cl/permanganate preoxidation with Al and Fe coagulants during the algae outbreak period. The results showed that the addition of a permanganate dose of 0.5 mg/L significantly reduced the chlorine demand, the applied coagulant dose as well as the residual metal (aluminum/iron) concentration in the treated water. Multivariate analysis was used to identify the raw water parameters that contributed towards the reported algal population as well as to explain the impact of chemicals coagulants added upon the final water quality parameters.
Public Health Insurance and Maternal Health Care Utilization in India: Evidence from a 2005-2012 Mothers’ Cohort Study

Background: Janani Suraksha Yojana (JSY), a conditional cash transfer program in India, incentivized women to deliver at institutions and resulted in a significant increase in institutional births. Another major health policy reform, which could have influenced maternal and child health care (MCH) utilisation, was the public health insurance scheme called Rashtriya Swasthya Bima Yojana (RSBY) launched in 2008. However, there is lack of evidence on how RSBY impacted MCH utilisation in India. This study investigated the impact of health insurance (in particular, the public insurance scheme versus private insurance) on a continuum of MCH utilisation. We also investigated whether maternal empowerment was a significant correlate that affects MCH utilisation. Methods: The study used a multilevel mixed effect ordered logistic regression modelling, using a cohort of mothers whose delivery was captured in both the 2005 and 2011/12 rounds of the Indian Human Development Survey (IHDS). We derived indexes for women’s empowerment using Principal component analysis (PCA) technique applied to various indicators of women’s autonomy and socio-economic status. Results: Our results indicated, mothers’ MCH utilization levels vary by district, community and mother over time. The effect of the public insurance scheme (RSBY) on MCH utilisation was not as strong as privately available insurance. However, health insurance was only significant in models that did not control for household and mother level predictors. Our findings indicated that maternal empowerment indicators – in particular, maternal ability to go out of the house and complete chores and economic empowerment - were associated with higher utilization of MCH services. Among control variables, maternal age, education and household wealth were significant correlates that increase MCH service utilization over time. Conclusions: Change in women’s and societal attitude towards maternal care may have played a significant role in increasing MCH utilisation over the study period. There might be a need to increase the coverage of the public insurance scheme given the finding that it was less effective in increasing MCH utilisation. Importantly, policies that aim to improve health services for women need to take maternal autonomy and empowerment into consideration.
Effect of zinc fertilization on growth, yield and quality of high zinc rice (Oryza sativa L.) varieties under alternate wetting and drying condition

A field experiment was conducted during summer season of 2015 at Research cum Instructional Farm, Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Raipur (Chhattisgarh). Three high zinc rice varieties and MTU1010 were fertilized with zinc through different method of application. Variety R-56 and MTU-1010 recorded maximum growth and yield attributes as compared to other varieties. Application of 25 kg ZnSO4 ha-1 and foliar spray of 0.2% Zn through ZnSO4 at panicle initiation and flowering stage recorded maximum growth and yield attributes as compared to other zinc fertilization
Dynamic fit index cutoffs for confirmatory factor analysis models.

Model fit assessment is a central component of evaluating confirmatory factor analysis models and the validity of psychological assessments. Fit indices remain popular and researchers often judge fit with fixed cutoffs derived by Hu and Bentler (1999). Despite their overwhelming popularity, methodological studies have cautioned against fixed cutoffs, noting that the meaning of fit indices varies based on a complex interaction of model characteristics like factor reliability, number of items, and number of factors. Criticism of fixed cutoffs stems primarily from the fact that they were derived from one specific confirmatory factor analysis model and lack generalizability. To address this, we propose a simulation-based method called dynamic fit index cutoffs such that derivation of cutoffs is adaptively tailored to the specific model and data characteristics being evaluated. Unlike previously proposed simulation-based techniques, our method removes existing barriers to implementation by providing an open-source, Web based Shiny software application that automates the entire process so that users neither need to manually write any software code nor be knowledgeable about foundations of Monte Carlo simulation. Additionally, we extend fit index cutoff derivations to include sets of cutoffs for multiple levels of misspecification. In doing so, fit indices can more closely resemble their originally intended purpose as effect sizes quantifying misfit rather than improperly functioning as ad hoc hypothesis tests. We also provide an approach specifically designed for the nuances of 1-factor models, which have received surprisingly little attention in the literature despite frequent substantive interests in unidimensionality. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).
Trying for a second chance: Iranian infertile couples’ experiences after failed ART

Abstract Introduction Despite significant advances, only 35% infertile couples conceive after ART. If IVF is unsuccessful, couples will need to decide whether to proceed again with assisted conception. The aim of this study was to explore Iranian infertile couples’ experiences after failed ART to continue treatment. Methods In this qualitative study participants were selected using purposeful sampling method. Data were collected using 29 semi-structured face-to-face in-depth interviews at a regional Infertility Center from April 2016 to June 2017. All interviews were recorded, transcribed verbatim, and analyzed with conventional content analysis method using MAXQDA software. Results Our findings suggest that couples’ decisions to continue treatment after unsuccessful ART is shaped by their social, emotional and financial circumstances. We have constructed two themes to describe their experiences: support to continue and trying for a second chance. Conclusion Our findings suggest that good marital and family support networks can support infertile couples during this period of decision making. Considering the depression and anxiety caused by failed ARTs, which itself could affect the success rate of any further ARTs, the clinical team should effectively assess psychological readiness of couples who decide to continue with another ART after unsuccessful treatment.
Genetic Polymorphism of Il-16 and Risks of Coronary Artery Disease in Sudan

The inflammatory process in the atherosclerotic artery may lead to increased blood levels of inflammatory cytokines. The aim of this study is to understand the role of inflammatory markers in the development of coronary artery disease. Therefore, a case-control study was conducted amongst coronary artery disease patients who attended the Sudan Heart Institute and healthy controls. Questionnaires were designed to determine the lifestyle and environmental factors for 200 participants (100 cases, 100 controls). Blood samples were collected to measure lipids profiles using enzymatic colorimetric and DNA extraction using the G-spin Kits. Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) was used for IL-6 and IL-16 genotyping. A total of 64% patients were males, 41% were at 51-61 years, and physical activity was common in 60% of the patients. The risk factors for coronary artery disease were hypertension 62%, angina 62%, cigarette smoking 38%, diabetes 33%, tobacco user 31%, drinking alcohol 24% and stroke 2%. Most patients had a family history of stroke 93%, hypertension 36%, diabetes 34%, angina 9%, and heart attack 4%. Total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein were significantly different (P>0.05) between cases and controls, and they were significantly associated with IL-16 genotype. All risk factors for coronary artery diseases were strongly associated with IL-6 genotype (P-value < 0.05, OR >1). Whereas, IL-16 homozygous TT genotype was significantly associated with gender and physical activity. Lifestyle, family history, and IL-16 (TT) genotype are risk factors for coronary artery disease in Sudanese patients.
Learning Media Development of Analyzing Poetry-Building Element Using Sparkol Videoscribe

This study aims to develop learning media to analyze the building blocks of poetry by using sparkol videoscribe in 10th grade students. This research is a development research (R&D). This research method is used to produce certain products, and test the effectiveness of these products. Data collection techniques used were interviews, questionnaires, and learning outcomes tests. The data analysis technique was carried out by analyzing the questionnaire which was seen from the results of the high and low percentage of the needs desired by students and the next teacher. Based on the results of product trials, it shows an increase in learning outcomes of 36.76, with a pretest mean of 41.96 while postest was 78.92. Based on these findings it can be concluded that the development of learning media to analyze the building blocks of poetry using sparkol videoscribe has an effect on the learning outcomes of 10th grade students.
Bacterial Biofilm Characterization and Microscopic Evaluation of the Antibacterial Properties of a Photocatalytic Coating Protecting Building Material

Use of photocatalytic paint-like coatings may be a way to protect building materials from microbial colonization. Numerous studies have shown the antimicrobial efficiency of TiO 2 photocatalysis on various microorganisms. However, few have focused on easy-to-apply solutions and on photocatalysis under low irradiance. This paper focuses on (a) the antibacterial properties of a semi-transparent coating formulated using TiO 2 particles and (b) the microscopic investigations of bacterial biofilm development on TiO 2 -coated building materials under accelerated growth conditions. Results showed significant antibacterial activity after few hours of testing. The efficiency seemed limited by the confinement of the TiO 2 particles inside the coating binder. However, a pre-irradiation with UV light can improve efficiency. In addition, a significant effect against the formation of a bacterial biofilm was also observed. The epifluorescence approach, in which fluorescence is produced by reflect rather than transmitted light, could be applied in further studies of microbial growth on coatings and building materials.
Induction of Endogenous Cytokines by Traditional Chinese Medicine Leading to Reduction of Serum HBsAg Levels

慢性B型肝炎病毒（HBV）感染持續為一種嚴重的世界性健康衛生問題，而現有的治療方案鮮能達致清除血清HBsAg，同時產生或未產生Anti-HBs的治療終點。 本報告觀察到在陰平陽謐指導原則下，傳統中醫藥（TCM）治療慢性B型肝炎感染導致血清HBsAg水平顯著下降。 細胞因子的臨床實驗表明血清HBsAg水平成功降低的病患即那些誘生了一種或多種內源性細胞因子IFN-α,IFN-γ,TNF-α及TGF-β_1。 而那些細胞因子已知能導致受感染肝細胞核中的HBV複製模板cccDNA的降解，但不傷及肝細胞。 我們因而論定TCM是一種能有效治療慢性B型肝炎感染的新穎策略。
Effects of control strategy on the activation of unwanted intrusive thoughts

Although the unwanted intrusive thoughts (UITs) exist widely in human beings and show similar characteristics between clinical and nonclinical forms, its control process remains unclear. Thoughts of choking under pressure, particularly among high-achieving athletes, represent a meaningful UIT type due to their psychological and performance-related impact. Taking a dynamic view of UIT control process, this study tested the effect of thought-control strategies among sub-elite to elite athletes, applied to individualized choking thoughts. Ninety athletes recollected recent athletic choking experiences prior to being randomized into one of three thought control interventions using strategies of either acceptance, passive monitoring (control), or suppression. To control for individual differences, athletes’ working memory capacity was measured and modeled as a covariate at baseline. The activation of choking thoughts during and after the intervention was gauged through multiple measurement approaches including conscious presence in mind, priming, and event-related potentials (P3b and N400 amplitudes). Results indicated that, relative to the control, suppression led to enhanced priming and reduced conscious presence of choking thoughts, whereas acceptance resulted in an opposite pattern of reduced priming and increased conscious presence of choking thoughts. In addition, thought-related stimuli elicited less negative-going N400 amplitudes and more positive-going P3b amplitudes than control stimuli. These findings advance understandings of the control mechanism underpinning UITs, and generate applied implications regarding UIT control in high-risk populations such as those with athletic expertise.
Facilitators and barriers to self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) in diabetic patients visiting family medicine clinics at Akuh. 

BACKGROUND: To determine factors that facilitate and are barriers to self-monitoring of blood glucose in type 2 diabetic patients visiting family medicine clinics at a tertiary care teaching hospital Karachi Pakistan. METHODS: Approximately 255 patients were consecutively recruited from the clinics during April 2018 to May 2019 at Family Medicine outpatient clinics at the Aga Khan University Hospital. Data on socio-demographic status, facilitators and barriers to SMBG were extracted through a questionnaire, after obtaining an informed written consent. Data was entered and analyzed in SPSS version 19.RESULTS: Among study participants 47.5% were above 50 years and 51.4% were males. About 30.2% of the participants were practicing SMBG at least once a month and 26% were practicing it daily. Fear of complications was the biggest facilitator (80.1%) and being expensive (51.4%) was barrier for SMBG. Over half of the SMBG practicing participants (59.7%) were diagnosed with diabetes for more than 05 years (p: 0.63). CONCLUSION: Assessment of blood glucose is a critical component of diabetes treatment and management. It can motivate patients to become active participants in their own care. Health care providers should communicate and educate the patients about the advantages of SMBG.
A DFT study of reorganization energy of some chosen carbazole derivatives

W artykule przedstawiono wyniki obliczen kwantowo-mechanicznych mających na celu poszukiwanie cząsteczki organicznego polprzewodnika charakteryzującego sie niską energią transferu ladunku. Obliczenia z wykorzystaniem teorii funkcjonalu gestości (DFT) zostaly wykonane dla karbazolu (Cz) i trzech izomerow benzokarbazolu, benzo(a)karbazolu (BaCz) , benzo(b)karbazolu (BbCz) i benzo(c)karbazolu (BcCz) dowodzą , ze mozna uniknąc wzrostu energii reorganizacji cząsteczki tak dla przewodnictwa dziurowego jak i dla przewodnictwa elektronowego pomimo zwiekszenia rozmiarow przestrzennych szkieletu aromatycznego cząsteczki. Cząsteczki benzo(b)karbazolu o najwiekszym rozmiarze podluznym szkieletu d = 9,05 A charakteryzują sie najnizszą energią reorganizacji dla przewodnictwa dziur = 0,18 eV oraz najnizszą wśrod izomerow benzokarbazolu energią reorganizacji dla przewodnictwa elektronowego e= 0,11 eV. Analiza odleglości pomiedzy wybranymi charakterystycznymi atomami wodoru pozwala przypuszczac, ze zmniejszenie energi reorganizacji obserwowane dla benzo(b)- karbazolu jest związane ze zmiejszaniem wewnątrzcząsteczkowych oddzialywan pomiedzy sąsiadującymi atomami wodoru.
Assessing First Stage Primary School Students’ Achievement Level of Specific Objectives in English Courses

------------------------------------------------------------Abstract---------------------------------------------------The problem statement of this survey is ‘How far are the specific objectives of English courses achieved by the first stage state primary school students (4-5 grades) recently in Istanbul? ’ “Does the first stage state primary school students’ achievement level of the specific English courses differ according to students’ personal characteristics? Survey method was used in this study. Data collection instrument was a Personal Information Form with 6 items (gender, grade, mother’s and father’s education level, family income level, existence of a family member who can speak English) developed by Lect. Dr. Senem Seda SAHENK ERKAN. ‘Assessing First Stage Primary School Students’ Achievement Level of Specific Objectives In English Courses’ was prepared by the researcher, Lect. Dr. Senem Seda SAHENK ERKAN. A 5-point Likert-type scale (Strongly disagree (1), Disagree (2), Slightly agree (3), Agree (4), Strongly Agree (5)) was used. This scale, which tests the specific objectives of the English courses that students study at the first stage of state primary school, included 30 items. The results of this study and recommendations will be provided in the full text.
The Relationship Between Musculoskeletal Pains, Serum Estradiol Level and Climacteric Symptoms in Postmenopausal Women

Background: Due to the decrease of estrogen levels in postmenopausal females, menopause can be associated with musculoskeletal pains. This study was designed to assess the possible association between musculoskeletal pains, serum estradiol level, and climacteric symptoms in postmenopausal women.Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 307 postmenopausal females selected by convenience sampling method. Data collection procedure lasted from October 2016 to September 2018. The required data were collected using the Menopause Rating Scale (MRS), Örebro Musculoskeletal Pain Questionnaire (ÖMPQ), and a questionnaire containing personal data. The blood sample was taken to measure the estradiol level. Results: There was a direct relationship between musculoskeletal pains and menopause symptoms (p<0.001), age (p=0.03), parity (p=0.01), and BMI (p=0.03) and an indirect association between musculoskeletal pain and marriage age (p=0.009), age of first pregnancy (0.017), estradiol level (p<0.001) and education level (p=0.002). The regression analysis results showed that menopause symptoms were the strongest predictor of musculoskeletal pains among all the variables.Conclusions: The findings of the present study showed that although various parameters are associated with musculoskeletal pains, climacteric symptoms are the most important predictive parameters of musculoskeletal pains.
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SENSATION SEEKING AND INTERNETUSE AMONG INTERNATIONAL STUDENTS

The aim of this study is to explore the relationship between sensation seeking and level of Internet use. This study is a quantitative research and a convenient sampling method as used to select 313 male and female international students in a public university in Malaysia. In this study, three questionnaires were used including Demographic Questionnaire, Sensation Seeking Scale, and Internet Addiction Test. Descriptive analyses and Pearson correlation was used to explore the relationship between level of Internet use and sensation seeking in participants. The results showed that there is significant positive relationship between sensation seeking and level of Internet use among students.
Platform Dynamics and Economic Development

We build a novel dynamic model of two-sided markets which can be used to explore both intertemporal and cross-side pricing strategies of platform enterprise. This two-period model goes beyond the traditional two-sided market framework to examine the new intertemporal tradeoffs that a platform enterprise faces when formulating differentiating prices over time for different sides. With this dynamic framework, we analyze a new phenomenon of economic development, emerging "Digital Villages" in China, which obtain initial subsidies from e-commerce platform enterprises like Alibaba for their low-income dwellers as sellers. After these low-income sellers become more capable of running the online business through learning-by-doing, the e-commerce platform will charge them a higher fee. Recently, the economic growth of these "Digital Villages" has been phenomenal. Theoretical results based on our dynamic model indicate, if third-degree price discrimination between new and old online sellers in period 2 is allowed, the platform will charge sellers a lower fee in period 1 compared with the later period. Furthermore, when the cross-side network externality of each online seller is stronger than that of each online buyer or the learning-by-doing benefit each online seller obtains is high enough, the platform will provide subsidies for sellers in the first period. Moreover, some dynamic pricing strategies will change if this price discrimination on sellers is prohibited. Finally, we examine the effects of the price regulation on the member fees to heterogeneous groups as well as social welfare regarding the two-sided markets behind the "Digital Villages" within this new theoretical framework.