Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Studying the Role of Human Parietal Cortex in Visuospatial Attention with Concurrent TMS–fMRI

Combining transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) with concurrent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) allows study of how local brain stimulation may causally affect activity in remote brain regions. Here, we applied bursts of high- or low-intensity TMS over right posterior parietal cortex, during a task requiring sustained covert visuospatial attention to either the left or right hemifield, or in a neutral control condition, while recording blood oxygenation-level–dependent signal with a posterior MR surface coil. As expected, the active attention conditions activated components of the well-described “attention network,” as compared with the neutral baseline. Also as expected, when comparing left minus right attention, or vice versa, contralateral occipital visual cortex was activated. The critical new finding was that the impact of high- minus low-intensity parietal TMS upon these visual regions depended on the currently attended side. High- minus low-intensity parietal TMS increased the difference between contralateral versus ipsilateral attention in right extrastriate visual cortex. A related albeit less pronounced pattern was found for left extrastriate visual cortex. Our results confirm that right human parietal cortex can exert attention-dependent influences on occipital visual cortex and provide a proof of concept for the use of concurrent TMS–fMRI in studying how remote influences can vary in a purely top–down manner with attentional demands.
Stress and Sleep Quality in High School Brazilian Adolescents Stress and Sleep Quality in High School Brazilian Adolescents

Non-profit academic project, developed under the open access initiative " main " — 2010/5/3 — 18:49 — page 545 — #1 ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE: The objective of the present study is to analyze the effect of stress on sleep quality in a group adolescents. METHOD: Two high schools in Alfenas, southern Minas Gerais State, Brazil, were chosen to participa in the study. The sample consisted of both genders (n=160) with 65.63% females. The age range of participants w 15 to18 years. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) was applied for collection of data to quantify sleep qualit The Lipp Inventory of Stress Symptoms that objectively identifies symptoms of stress was applied. RESULTS: It w observed that 23.53% of stressed students and 45.33% of unstressed ones sleep well; 76.47% of stressed pupils an 54.67% of those unstressed do not sleep well. With regard to school performance, a mean of 0.65 was found for stresse students and 0.60 for those without stress, Mann-Whitney (p=0.0596). CONCLUSION: Stress contributed to raisin the percentage of poor sleepers, as well as increasing mean school performance.
Polyphasic taxonomic revision of the Ralstonia solanacearum species complex: proposal to emend the descriptions of Ralstonia solanacearum and Ralstonia syzygii and reclassify current R. syzygii strains as Ralstonia syzygii subsp. syzygii subsp. nov., R. solanacearum phylotype IV strains as Ralstonia

The Ralstonia solanacearum species complex has long been recognized as a group of phenotypically diverse strains that can be subdivided into four phylotypes. Using a polyphasic taxonomic approach on an extensive set of strains, this study provides evidence for a taxonomic and nomenclatural revision of members of this complex. Data obtained from phylogenetic analysis of 16S-23S rRNA ITS gene sequences, 16S-23S rRNA intergenic spacer (ITS) region sequences and partial endoglucanase (egl) gene sequences and DNA-DNA hybridizations demonstrate that the R. solanacearum species complex comprises three genospecies. One of these includes the type strain of Ralstonia solanacearum and consists of strains of R. solanacearum phylotype II only. The second genospecies includes the type strain of Ralstonia syzygii and contains only phylotype IV strains. This genospecies is subdivided into three distinct groups, namely R. syzygii, the causal agent of Sumatra disease on clove trees in Indonesia, R. solanacearum phylotype IV strains isolated from different host plants mostly from Indonesia, and strains of the blood disease bacterium (BDB), the causal agent of the banana blood disease, a bacterial wilt disease in Indonesia that affects bananas and plantains. The last genospecies is composed of R. solanacearum strains that belong to phylotypes I and III. As these genospecies are also supported by phenotypic data that allow the differentiation of the three genospecies, the following taxonomic proposals are made: emendation of the descriptions of Ralstonia solanacearum and Ralstonia syzygii and descriptions of Ralstonia syzygii subsp. nov. (type strain R 001(T) = LMG 10661(T) = DSM 7385(T)) for the current R. syzygii strains, Ralstonia syzygii subsp. indonesiensis subsp. nov. (type strain UQRS 464(T) = LMG 27703(T) = DSM 27478(T)) for the current R. solanacearum phylotype IV strains, Ralstonia syzygii subsp. celebesensis subsp. nov. (type strain UQRS 627(T) = LMG 27706(T) = DSM 27477(T)) for the BDB strains and Ralstonia pseudosolanacearum sp. nov. (type strain UQRS 461(T) = LMG 9673(T) = NCPPB 1029(T)) for the strains of R. solanacearum phylotypes I and III.
Development Of Marginal Cost Distributions In Dairy Production Regions Of The Eu

This paper analyses differences and development of regional distribution of marginal costs of dairy production in the EU and how they are affected by structural change in the dairy sector and different national quota regimes. The empirical analysis employs multiple-input-multiple output cost functions, estimated using an unbalanced panel data set of the European Farm Accountancy Data Network. The results show marginal costs for different types of dairy farms and the distribution of marginal costs across farms within the region. A clear tendency towards a more balanced distribution of marginal costs within the regions can be found whereas the impact of different quota regimes on this development remains vague.
Selaginella crassipes (Selaginellaceae), a New Report from India

Selaginella crassipes is previously known as an endemic species to Sri Lanka (Ceylon). In this paper, it is recorded, for the first time, from different localities of Maharashtra state of India. S. crassipes closely related with S. proniflora but it differs in number of morphological characters such as habit, margin of lateral leaves, length of arista of median leaves, ornamentation of spores etc. Taxonomic description of the species based on the observation under the light microscope and SEM is provided.
The Importance of Ergonomics in Green Design

In the past decade the green building movement has gathered tremendous momentum. Since 2008 the US Green Building Council has provided an opportunity for ergonomists to actively participate in this movement by helping designers earn credit in the Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) certification process. This paper outlines the history and reviews requirements of this credit. The value of integrating good ergonomics programs into the design of green buildings is presented and future opportunities are discussed.
Jumping to delusions in early psychosis

Introduction Patients with delusions typically seek less information when making decisions than controls (“jumping-to-conclusions”, JTC) and paradoxically over-adjust to counter-evidence on probabilistic reasoning tasks. Previous studies have examined JTC bias across the delusion-prone continuum, but have not considered the co-occurrence of both biases at early stages of psychosis. This was our aim. Method Twenty-three early psychosis patients and 19 healthy controls completed two versions of the probabilistic reasoning task: a “draws-to-decision” version (to assess JTC) and a “graded-estimates” version (to assess over-adjustment). Both versions have been used previously with clinically delusional people with schizophrenia. IQ, memory and executive function were also examined. Results Patients took fewer trials to reach a decision in the draws-to-decision version and showed greater over-adjustment to counter-evidence in the graded-estimates version than controls. Across groups, those who jumped to conclusions showed greater over-adjustment. Poor executive function predicted more extreme biases in controls but not in patients. Task performances were unrelated to memory. Similar results were evident in patient and control subgroups matched on IQ, and years of formal education. Conclusions A jumping-to-conclusions bias and an over-adjustment bias co-occurred in the early psychosis patients. Implications are discussed concerning the role of such biases in delusion-proneness.
Second and first baroclinic Kelvin modes in the equatorial Pacific at intraseasonal timescales

[1] TOPEX/Poseidon sea level and time series from the TAO (Tropical Atmosphere Ocean) array of moorings over 1992–1999 are used to investigate the spatiotemporal characteristics of equatorial Kelvin waves in the Pacific at period shorter than 180 days. Spectral analyses show high oceanic energy in two separate bands of period, around 70 days and 120 days. Signals are coherent in both bands all along the equator. Ocean General Circulation Model (OGCM) simulations forced by different wind stress fields are also analyzed and exhibit the same features. Observed and modeled sea level, dynamic height and 20°C isotherm depth, band-pass filtered around 70 days, show an eastward propagation at phase speed of 2.4–2.9 m s−1, typical of the first baroclinic Kelvin mode. The meridional and vertical structures of the equatorial waves at the onset of the 1997 El Nino are also those expected for a first Kelvin mode. At 120-day period, phase speeds, meridional and vertical structures are closer to those expected for a second baroclinic mode. Both modes are nevertheless present in the two frequency bands. A simple Kelvin wave model shows that the wind at 120-day period seems to force the Kelvin waves at the same period. However, the predominance of second baroclinic mode at 120-day period cannot be explained solely by the characteristics of the wind. OGCM simulations rather suggest the importance of internal oceanic processes such as vertical redistribution of energy from first to second baroclinic mode as the waves propagate eastward. Model outputs over 1984–1999 indicate that these equatorial Kelvin waves at 70- and 120-day period may have an effect on El Nino since they seem to be stronger at its onset.
SITE CORRESPONDENCE EFFECTS IN BENEFIT TRANSFERS: A META-ANALYSIS TRANSFER FUNCTION

SITE CORRESPONDENCE EFFECTS IN BENEFIT TRANSFERS: A META-ANALYSIS TRANSFER FUNCTION Randall S. Rosenberger Tim T. Phipps Randall S. Rosenberger is assistant professor, Regional Research Institute & Division of Resource Management, and Tim T. Phipps is professor, Division of Resource Management, West Virginia University. Send all correspondence to: Randall S. Rosenberger P.O. Box 6108 2032 Agricultural Sciences Building West Virginia University Morgantown, WV 26506-6108 Phone: (304) 293-4832 x4468 FAX: (304) 293-3752 rrosenbe@wvu.edu
Black carbon radiative forcing over the Tibetan Plateau

We estimate the snow albedo forcing and direct radiative forcing (DRF) of black carbon (BC) in the Tibetan Plateau using a global chemical transport model in conjunction with a stochastic snow model and a radiative transfer model. The annual mean BC snow albedo forcing is 2.9 W m−2 averaged over snow‐covered plateau regions, which is a factor of 3 larger than the value over global land snowpack. BC‐snow internal mixing increases the albedo forcing by 40–60% compared with external mixing, and coated BC increases the forcing by 30–50% compared with uncoated BC aggregates, whereas Koch snowflakes reduce the forcing by 20–40% relative to spherical snow grains. The annual BC DRF at the top of the atmosphere is 2.3 W m−2 with uncertainties of −70–85% in the plateau after scaling the modeled BC absorption optical depth to Aerosol Robotic Network observations. The BC forcings are attributed to emissions from different regions.
Lateral variations of Pn propagation in Italy: Evidence for a high attenuation zone beneath the Apennines

Pn phases recorded by 40 stations of the Italian seismic network are analyzed using the spectral ratio technique to estimate the Q structure of the uppermost mantle beneath the Italian peninsula and nearby Adriatic Sea. A total of 344 digital waveforms are analyzed from 22 earthquakes that occurred within distances of 300 to 1600 km. The calculated apparent Q values are grouped into two categories: Q > 800 characterizes the Adriatic side of the Italian peninsula, indicating that the Adriatic lithosphere is very efficient in propagating Pn phases through the uppermost mantle; Q < 600 characterizes the uppermost mantle beneath the Apennines and western Italy, indicating less efficient wave propagation. The presence of asthenospheric mantle material at shallow depths beneath the Apennines can explain the observed Q.
TRACKING CLOCK-SHIFTED HOMING PIGEONS FROM FAMILIAR RELEASE SITES

mechanism by which homing pigeons navigate from an unfamiliar place is now relatively well understood. Pigeons determine their location with respect to home using a 'map', thought to be based on olfactory cues (Papi, 1991), or other cues of unknown origin (Wiltschko, 1996) and are then able to take up the correct home direction by referring to a sun azimuth compass. This is widely known as the map-and-compass mechanism of true navigation (Kramer, 1953). Because the sun azimuth compass is time-compensated, homing pigeons can be 'clock-shifted'. If their day/night cycle is artificially shifted, when they are released from an unfamiliar site they misread the sun compass and fly in the wrong direction (Schmidt-Koening, 1958, 1960, 1961). The degree to which the bird flies in the wrong direction is predictable, and for a 6 h shift this varies from 70 ° to 140 ° depending on the time of day and year. The deflecting effect of a clock-shift has also been demonstrated at very short distances from the home loft (Graue, 1963) and at sites with which pigeons were extremely familiar (Füller et al., 1983), suggesting that the map and compass is used even when it would be possible to navigate by familiar site cues such as visual landmarks. Two experiments have suggested that pigeons can refer to familiar site cues if the map part of the map and compass is unavailable. Bingman and Ioalè (1989) found that clock-shifted birds familiar with release sites (40.4–54.8 km from home), but denied access to olfactory cues (anosmic), oriented in the home direction. Wallraff et al. (1994) performed an experiment which differed from that of Bingman and Ioalè (1989) in that clock-shifted anosmic birds received training releases around the point of experimental release (24–30 km from home) but never from the exact site until the test. They found that the mean orientation of a group of such birds was a compromise between the home direction and the clock-shift direction. However, a further study by Luschi and Dall'Antonia (1993), using the same protocol as Bingman and Ioalè (1989), found that these birds oriented in the clock-shift direction. Their conclusion was that even landmarks are encoded into the map and compass. Recent tracking experiments by Holland et al. (1999) using route recorders (Bramanti et al., 1988) have suggested further complications. When released at relatively short distances (2–10 km) from home, it was discovered that clock-shifted homing …
COMPARISON OF TRADITIONAL AND UNDERSTANDING METHODOLOGY IN THE PRACTICE OF BASKETBALL COMPARACIÓN METODOLOGÍA TRADICIONAL Y COMPRENSIVA EN LA PRÁCTICA DEL BALONCESTO

Conte, L. ; Moreno-Murcia, J. A. ; Pérez, G. e Iglesias, D. (2013) Comparación metodología tradicional y comprensiva en la práctica del baloncesto / Comparison of traditional and understanding methodology in the practice of basketball. Revista Internacional de Medicina y Ciencias de la Actividad Física y el Deporte vol. 13 (51) pp. 507-523. Http://cdeporte.rediris. es/revista/revista51/artensenanza392.htm
Forced convection mass deposition and heat transfer onto a cylinder sheathed by protective garments

In chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear protective clothing, a layer of activated carbon material in between two textile layers provides protection against hazardous gases. A cylinder in cross flow, sheathed by such material, is generally used to experimentally test the garment properties. This is, however, complicated and predictive models are needed. We present a computational fluid dynamics model for the initial phase in which the carbon filter material is not yet saturated. The textiles are modeled as chemically inactive porous layers, the carbon filter particles have been resolved explicitly. The model has been validated against experimental data. We demonstrate that (1) computational fluid dynamics simulations can be used for the efficient design and optimization of protective garments, and (2) the addition of a highly porous active carbon layer highly increases the chemical protection capabilities, while having relatively little negative impact on the thermal comfort of protective garments.
Effect of agricultural intensification on taxonomic and functional diversity of weed communities in cereal fields

Agricultural intensification at field and landscape scales has lead to a dramatic decline of weed diversity in cereal crops during the last few decades across Europe. Intensification at the field scale is related to the increasing of external inputs (e.g. fertilizers and pesticides). At the landscape scale, agricultural intensification is associated to a decrease in landscape complexity, because of the increasing proportion of arable land at the expense of natural or semi-natural habitats. Research on the response of weed diversity to agricultural intensification has been mostly focused on taxonomy (e.g. number of species). However, intensification may also impact the functional diversity of weed communities. Functional traits (e.g. life form, seed mass, pollination type) are key components of diversity that, to date, have received little attention. In this context, the general goal of the present thesis was to study the impact of agriculture intensification at field and at landscape scale on the taxonomic diversity, functional diversity and the distribution of functional traits of weed communities in cereal crops systems under conventional management. The overall structure of this thesis is composed of six chapters; the first, fifth and sixth correspond to the general introduction, general discussion and general conclusions respectively, while chapters II, III and IV correspond to three researching studies. Chapter II is focused on the plant communities inhabiting field margins and attemps to assess the effect of margin width and landscape complexity on plant diversity. Chapter III aims to compare the effects of intensification on weed diversity inside crop fields in climatically and floristically contrasting countries, UK and Spain. Finally, chapter IV is devoted.
Families and children in institutional host: badly recorded accounts Las familias y los niños acogidos: historias mal contadas

This article is the result of the study, “The impact of protective measures provided for by the Statute of the Child and the Adolescent on Family Systems: 2009-2011” (Fapemig). The research aimed to understand the trajectory of children and adolescents and of their families in the network.
Hyperspectral imaging of bruised skin

Bruises can be important evidence in legal medicine, for example in cases of child abuse. Optical techniques can be used to discriminate and quantify the chromophores present in bruised skin, and thereby aid dating of an injury. However, spectroscopic techniques provide only average chromophore concentrations for the sampled volume, and contain little information about the spatial chromophore distribution in the bruise. Hyperspectral imaging combines the power of imaging and spectroscopy, and can provide both spectroscopic and spatial information. In this study a hyperspectral imaging system developed by Norsk Elektro Optikk AS was used to measure the temporal development of bruised skin in a human volunteer. The bruises were inflicted by paintball bullets. The wavelength ranges used were 400 - 1000 nm (VNIR) and 900 - 1700 nm (SWIR), and the spectral sampling intervals were 3.7 and 5 nm, respectively. Preliminary results show good spatial discrimination of the bruised areas compared to normal skin. Development of a white spot can be seen in the central zone of the bruises. This central white zone was found to resemble the shape of the object hitting the skin, and is believed to develop in areas where the impact caused vessel damage. These results show that hyperspectral imaging is a promising technique to evaluate the temporal and spatial development of bruises on human skin.
Violence against women in renter versus owner-occupied housing: is homeownership a panacea?

Using a representative sample of 7,141 Canadian women living either in renteror owner-occupied housing, this investigation assessed the extent of women's elevated risk for violence in rental housing relative to owner-occupied housing as well as potential explanations for this relationship. Canadian women living in rental housing were twice as likely as their counterparts in owner-occupied housing to experience violence. Explanations examined included family life course (age, marital status, duration of union), male control and domination (sexual jealousy, sexual possessiveness, patriarchal domination), socioeconomic indicators (woman's and partner's employment, woman's and partner's education), and control variables (place of origin, Aboriginal status, urban/rural residence, dwelling type). Results showed that family life course as well as male control and domination are important for understanding the elevated risk of violence against women in rental housing. Thus, the classic housing policy stance, to simply encourage homeownership, will not adequately address this women's health issue.
Selachians from the Greenhorn Cyclothem (“Middle” Cretaceous: Cenomanian–Turonian), Black Mesa, Arizona, and the Paleogeographic distribution of Late Cretaceous selachians

Black Mesa in northeastern Arizona exposes sediments of late Cenomanian–Turonian age deposited during the transgressive–regressive Greenhorn cyclothem. These sediments contain a diverse selachian fauna that consists of 21 taxa: Hybodus sp. , Ptychodus whipplei, P. decurrens, P. cf. P. mammillaris, Chiloscyllium greeni, Chiloscyllium sp. , Scapanorhynchus raphiodon, Cretodus semiplicatus, Cretolamna appendiculata, C. woodwardi, Cretoxyrhina mantelli, cf. Leptostyrax sp. , Squalicorax falcatus, Rhinobatos sp. , Pseudohypolophus mcnultyi, Protoplatyrhina hopii n. sp. , Ischyrhiza schneideri, I. avonicola, Onchopristis dunklei, Ptychotrygon triangularis, P. rubyae n. sp. , and five types of dermal denticles. Two selachian assemblages, a nearshore and a deeper water assemblage, are present in this fauna. Though there is some provincialism in North Africa, Europe, and North America during the Greenhorn marine cycle, the wide dispersion of some shark taxa and the great similarities between widely separated selachian faunas are striking.