Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Degradation of Anode Supported SOFCs as a Function of Temperature and Current Load

The degradation behavior of anode supported solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) was investigated as a function of operating temperature and current density. Degradation rates were defined and shown to be mainly dependent on the cell polarization. The combination of a detailed evaluation of electrochemical properties by impedance spectroscopy, in particular, and post-test microscopy revealed that cathode degradation was the dominant contribution to degradation at higher current densities and lower temperatures. The anode was found to contribute more to degradation at higher temperatures. Generally, the degradation rates obtained were lower at higher operating temperatures, even at higher current densities. A degradation rate as low as 2%/1000 h was observed at 1.7 A/cm 2 and 950°C over an operating period of 1500 h.
The effects of hydrothermal conditions during vegetation period on fruit quality of processing tomatoes

Our experiment was carried out in experimental plots of the Vegetable Experimental Station of the Agricultural University in Mydlniki near Krakow, Poland in 2008-10. The year 2008 was characterized by the driest season of all three years, whereas in the other years of the study the vegetation season seemed moderately humid. Based on the analyses of regression, we found a significant influence of pluvial and thermal conditions on the fruit quality features of tomatoes. A directly proportional relationship between the hydrothermal index (K) and the number of seed chambers, dry matter, and content of lycopene, magnesium, and calcium of the tomato fruit was observed. However, the relationship between the hydrothermal index (K) and fruit weight, potassium content, and total acidity turned out to be inversely proportional. The impact of the hydrothermal conditions on the thickness of the pericarp, the shape coefficient, phosphorus; L-ascorbic acid content, and the reducing sugars of the fruits was not observed. The value distribution of the tested tomato features in all of the years of the experiment points to the different sensitivities of individual tomato cultivars to thermal and precipitation conditions. The aim of this study was to determine the influence of hydrothermal conditions represented by the hydrothermal index (K) on the morphological features of tomato fruits and their chemical composition.
Antidiabetic Activity of Compounds Isolated from the Kernel of Mangifera indica in Alloxan Induced Diabetic Rats

Diabetes is one of the major causes of death in Bangladesh. A lot of medicinal plants are available in Bangladesh and they possess remarkable antidiabetic activities. The main purpose of this project was to find out the new antidiabetic compound(s) from plants available in our locality. As such an attempt has been made to isolate the antidiabetic compounds from the kernel of mango. Solvent extractions followed by column and thin layer chromatographic techniques were used to purify the compounds. 1 H-NMR spectroscopy was used to identify the purified compounds which might have antidiabetic property. Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 12(1): 77-81, 2013 (June) DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.3329/dujps.v12i1. 16304
Field dependence on the molecular ionization potential and excitation energies compared to conductivity models for insulation materials at high electric fields

The aim is to improve the understanding of high-field phenomena (such as preinception currents/conduction, streamer initiation and propagation) in insulating materials in terms of the molecular properties of the substances involved. In high electric fields, ionization is a likely process, and in all such processes, the ionization potential is an important parameter. A fundamental question is how these processes depend on the electric field, and therefore, based on the interaction between a negative point charge and a molecular cation as modeled by density functional theory, a field-dependent model for the ionization potential is developed. In addition, the first excitation energies as a function of the electric field are calculated using time-dependent density functional theory. It is demonstrated that empirical high-field conduction models for cyclohexane and n-tridecane can be explained in terms of the difference between the ionization potential and the first excitation energy. It is also suggested that.
Inhibitive and adsorption properties of ethanol extract of Colocasia esculenta leaves for the corrosion of mild steel in H2SO4.

Inhibitive and adsorption properties of ethanol extract of Colocasia esculenta for the corrosion of mild steel in H2SO4 were investigated using weight loss, hydrogen evolution and IR methods of monitoring corrosion. The results obtained indicates that ethanol extract of C. esculenta is a good inhibitor for the corrosion of mild steel in H2SO4 and its inhibitive action is attributed to its phytochemical constituents which aided its adsorption on the surface of mild steel. Calculated values of activation energy and inhibition efficiency at 303 and 333 K revealed that the mechanism of adsorption of ethanol extract of C. esculenta on mild steel surface is physical adsorption. Also the adsorption of the inhibitor on mild steel surface was found to be spontaneous, endothermic and consistent with the assumptions of Langmuir adsorption isotherm.
Composition controlled LiCoO2 epitaxial thin film growth by pulsed laser deposition

LiCoO2 thin films were epitaxially grown by pulsed laser deposition (PLD). PLD is widely used to form complex oxide thin films due to the relatively small deviation in cationic composition between the target and the film. The deviation highly depends on the ablation laser conditions, and it greatly affects the quality of the epitaxial LiCoO2 thin films. Furthermore, relatively lower oxygen pressure was found to result in higher quality LiCoO2 thin films with suppressed impurity phases, although much higher oxygen pressure had been often used to avoid the formation of a lower valence state Co3O4 as an impurity. In other words, gas pressure also affects the composition in the case of lithium compounds, because lithium is even lighter than oxygen. The results clearly indicate that the difference in the composition between the target and the film is controllable by adjusting these parameters. In this study, we demonstrated the high-rate epitaxial growth of stoichiometric LiCoO2 films by using a lithium-enriched target through composition control.
Effect of foliar and soil applications of zinc sulphate on zinc uptake, tree size, yield, and fruit quality of mango

Abstract To compare the effect of methods (foliar and soil) and rate of application of zinc sulphate on zinc and phosphorus uptake, tree size, yield and fruit quality of mango (Mangifera indica L.) cv. Dusheri, zinc sulphate was applied as a foliar spray application (0.25, 0.50, 1.0%) and soil (0.5, 1.0, 2.0 kg tree‐1) treatments during the second week of October (during flower bud differentiation period). All the zinc sulphate treatments of soil and foliar spray were effective in increasing the leaf zinc concentrations above recommended adequate level of (>20 mg kg‐1) whereas control trees maintained low leaf zinc concentrations (13.8 to 13.3 mg kg‐1). The uptake of foliar‐applied zinc was more rapid than that of soil applied zinc. All the treatments of zinc sulphate except the foliar spray treatment of zinc sulphate (0.25%) significantly increased zinc concentrations in the fruit pulp as compared with those in the control trees. The percent increase in the stem girth of trees was highest with the soil a.
Potassium Silicate as Foliar Spray and Rice Blast Control

ABSTRACT Silicon (Si) is known as a “beneficial element” for plants. The direct and indirect benefits of the element for crops (especially grasses) are related to resistance to diseases, pests, and drought. Since most studies were done with fertilizers applied to the soil, new studies on the efficacy of silicon absorption through the leaves are required. The effect of silicon absorption through the leaves on rice blast (Pyricularia oryzae) control was studied using potassium silicate (K2SiO3) in different doses (0, 1, 2, 4, 8, or 16 g L− 1 Si), number of sprayings at two solution pHs. Rice (Oryza sativa), cultivar ‘Metica 1’ (susceptible to blast), was grown in pots in a completely randomized experimental design. Silicate was applied beginning at the 22nd day after emergence (DAE). The pathogen was inoculated on the 25th DAE. Disease incidence was evaluated ten days after inoculation. Potassium silicate pulverization on the leaves did not increase Si absorption or accumulation by the plant; however, there was a reduction on blast incidence. The greatest reduction on blast incidence was observed at 4 g Si L− 1, regardless of solution pH.
DEVELOPMENT AND EVALUATION OF MULTIPLE EMULSION SYSTEMS CONTAINING CHOLESTEROL AND SQUALENE

The aim of this study was to prepare a stable multiple emulsion system containing cholesterol and squalene and to investigate the skin hydrating effect of the multiple emulsion formulations on normal and acetone induced dry skin. Multiple emulsions were prepared via two step emulsification method. Formulations were stored at different accelerated conditions for three months and physical changes, viscosity, pH and droplet size were tested to characterize the emulsion systems. Formulations F4, F5 and F6 with the primary: secondary surfactant ratio 2:1 was found to be stable and selected for further in vitro occlusion and skin hydration tests. In vitro occlusion test results showed that the volume of the oily phase affects occlusive properties of the multiple emulsion formulations. The gain in moisturizing was performed measuring the skin electrical capacity using a Corneometer. The multiple emulsion formulation F4 showed the best skin hydrating effect on normal and acetone induced dry skin.
Co-ordination of copper(II) and nickel(II) ions by a novel open chain oxime ligand

Potentiometric spectroscopic and X-ray studies of the open chain oxime ligand, N,N′-bis(2-hydroxyimino-propionyl)propane-1,3-diamine and its complexes with NiII and CuII ions showed a very high efficacy of the ligand studied in the co-ordination of both CuII and NiII ions. The metal complexes are very stable and square-planar with four nitrogens involved in metal-ion binding. These complexes may be additionally stabilised by hydrogen bonds between two oxime oxygen atoms.
Measuring the nanomechanical properties and surface forces of materials using an atomic force microscope

An atomic force microscope (AFM) has been configured so that it measures the force between a tip mounted on a cantilever beam and a sample surface as a function of the tip–surface separation. This allows the AFM to study both the nanomechanical properties of the sample and the forces associated with the tip–surface interaction. More specifically, the AFM can measure the elastic and plastic behavior and hardness via nanoindentation, van der Waals forces, and the adhesion of thin‐film and bulk materials with unprecedented force and spatial resolution. The force resolution is currently 1 nanonewton, and the depth resolution is 0.02 nm. Additionally, the instrument itself is compact and relatively inexpensive.
Molecular identification of hookworm isolates from stray dogs, humans and selected wildlife from KwaZulu-Natal and Mpumalanga provinces of South Africa.

Hookworms are nematodes that cause infections to the host via skin penetration of the third stage larvae and they are widely distributed in the tropical and subtropical regions. They parasitize a wide range of host species including humans and companion animals such as dogs and cats. An estimated 740 million people are infected worldwide, with sub-Saharan Africa having the highest documented prevalence. With the exception of the study conducted by Lamb et al. (2012), Ancylostoma species identification in Southern Africa was solely based on egg morphology and morphological characteristics of adult worms. This study therefore aimed at using molecular techniques to identify the hookworm species and their prevalence in stray dogs, school-going children from KwaZulu-Natal province, and selected wild canids and felids from Mpumalanga province of South Africa. A total of 356 faecal samples were collected and screened for the presence of hookworm eggs using coproscopy and coproculture, which yielded prevalence of 23.04% and 21.67%, respectively. Larvae derived from coproculture of a total of 55 samples were subjected to molecular analysis. DNA was isolated and subjected to PCR amplification, PCR-RFLP and sequencing of the nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS1) and 5.8S rRNA region. PCR-RFLP showed an overall prevalence of 72.7% (40/55) for A. caninum, 12.7% (7/55) for a mixture of A. caninum, A. ceylanicum, and A. braziliense, 7.27% (4/55) for A. caninum and A. ceylanicum mixed infection, and 7. 27% (4/55) for A. caninum and unidentifiable species. These results are consistent with other studies which show that A. caninum is the most dominant hookworm species worldwide even though A. braziliense is regarded as a more important zoonotic species. Phylogenetic analyses of alignments based on the DNA sequences were also used to identify isolates which were sequenced. However, results of phylogenetic analysis were not consistent with results from PCR-RFLP analysis as none of the sequences matched with A. ceylanicum. Sequencing also showed a 0.68% prevalence for both A. caninum and A. braziliense (mixed infections) in dogs. Of great importance was the revelation that A. caninum can now cause a patent infection in South African (Ingwavuma area) school-aged children as all human isolates matched with A. caninum with a prevalence of 6%. For wildlife, a prevalence of 10% was recorded. However, due to the small sample size, these results cannot be regarded as a true reflection of the prevalence in wildlife. Thus there is a need for future studies that will increase sample sizes, broaden ranges as well as look into finding better detection methods, primers and/or restriction enzymes that are specific to hookworm species isolated in South Africa.
PHYTOCHEMICALS, VITAMINS AND MINERALS CONTENT OF THREE OCIMUM SPECIES

Sample of three species belonging to genus Ocimum of family Lamiaceae viz., Ocimum, basilicum Linn. , Ocimum gratissimum Linn. and Ocimum sanctum Linn. were analyzed for their Phytochemical composition, Vitamins and Minerals Constituents. The result revealed the presence of bioactive chemical constituents comprising; flavonoids (0.98 to 1.16 mg/100g), Phenols (0.30 to 1.12 mg /100g), Saponin (0.42 to 1.12 mg/100g), tannins (0.24 to 0.42 mg/100g), Alkaloids (0.4 to 4.7 mg/100g), Volatile oil (0.1 to 3.3 mg/100g), Carbohydrates (2.2 to 4.5 mg/100g). The medicinal plants contained Vitamins like thiamine (0.20 to 0.36 mg/100g) and riboflavin (0.22 to 0.37 mg/100g). The plants are good source of minerals such as major mineral elements comprising calcium, Phosphorus, Sodium, Potassium, Magnessium and trace elements (Iron, Zinc, Copper). These substances may be responsible for the health related properties of the plants which are based on antioxidant, anthelmentic, antipyrectic, antiaphoretic, antielexitenc, anti-inflamation, antiheamatisum, antimicrobial and antiviral activity. This supports the popular use of Ocimum basilicum, Ocimum gratissimum and Ocimum sanctum in preparation of various pharmaceutical formulations for human welfare.
Extraction of Exchangeable Cations and Distribution Constants for Ion Exchange

The equilibrium exchange of Na, K, and Ca with Al in Wyoming bentonite suspensions was studied at external salt concentrations of 0.05 and 1.0n. The exchange equilibria, at both concentrations, followed the simple equivalent fraction exchange equation within experimental error with the three pairs of ions. It was also found that concentrations could be used to calculate the exchange distribution. The marked effects of concentration on the relative replacing power of monovalent and divalent cations for trivalent Al was shown to result from the exchange distribution and the values of the exchange coefficients. The utility of the exchange equation for predicting conditions necessary for the extraction of exchangeable cations was also demonstrated.
Compósitos de poli (butileno adipato-co-tereftalato) e fibra de babaçu: efeito do processamento e do tipo e teor de carga.

O efeito do processamento e do tipo e do teor de duas variacoes de uma fibra vegetal extraidas do coco do babacu e do tipo de processamento na estrutura, propriedades termicas, reologicas, mecânicas, absorcao de agua e na biodegradabilidade de compositos de poli(butileno adpato-co-tereftalato) – PBAT/babacu foi avaliado. Compositos de PBAT com 10, 20 e 30% da fibra micronizada do mesocarpo e da fibra do epicarpo do coco do babacu foram produzidos em um misturador interno de laboratorio, e caracterizados por reometria de torque. As composicoes extrusadas e injetadas foram caracterizadas por FTIR, MO, MEV, MFI, DSC e TGA. A absorcao de agua, propriedades mecânicas e biodegradabilidade em solo tambem foram determinadas. O efeito do tipo de processamento adotado foi avaliado por reometria de placas paralelas, indice de fluidez, MO e DSC. Os resultados obtidos mostram que, no processo de extrusao, a energia especifica e dependente do tipo de carga empregada e independente do seu teor. Atraves do estudo reologico foi possivel estimar a degradacao do PBAT e dos compositos durante o processamento, que e dependente do tipo e teor de carga. A microscopia evidenciou a diferenca morfologica entre as cargas e que esta e preservada nos compositos. O tipo e teor de carga, bem como o tipo de processamento, afetaram os parâmetros de cristalizacao e fusao dos compositos. A presenca da carga enrijeceu e reduziu a resistencia do PBAT, e as propriedades mecânicas dependem do teor da carga empregado. A presenca das cargas vegetais elevou significativamente a capacidade e a taxa de absorcao de agua, que se mostraram dependentes do tipo e teor de carga. A incorporacao do babacu tende a acelerar a biodegradacao do PBAT. A maior intensidade do processamento refletiu em menor viscosidade, maior dispersao da carga vegetal e um moderado efeito nas caracteristicas termicas do material. Produtos baseados em PBAT/babacu sao biodegradaveis, ambientalmente corretos e economicos e suas propriedades permitem que sejam utilizados em diversas aplicacoes. O babacu pode ser usado para produzir compositos de baixo custo sem danos significativos as propriedades do PBAT
Global modeling of organic aerosol: the importance of reactive nitrogen (NO x and NO 3 )

Abstract. Reactive nitrogen compounds, specifically NOx and NO3, likely influence global organic aerosol levels. To assess these interactions, GEOS-Chem, a chemical transport model, is updated to include improved biogenic emissions (following MEGAN v2.1/2.04), a new organic aerosol tracer lumping scheme, aerosol from nitrate radical (NO3) oxidation of isoprene, and NOx-dependent monoterpene and sesquiterpene aerosol yields. As a result of significant nighttime terpene emissions, fast reaction of monoterpenes with the nitrate radical, and relatively high aerosol yields from NO3 oxidation, biogenic hydrocarbon-NO3 reactions are expected to be a major contributor to surface level aerosol concentrations in anthropogenically influenced areas such as the United States. By including aerosol from nitrate radical oxidation in GEOS-Chem, terpene (monoterpene + sesquiterpene) aerosol approximately doubles and isoprene aerosol is enhanced by 30 to 40% in the Southeast United States. In terms of the global budget of organic aerosol, however, aerosol from nitrate radical oxidation is somewhat minor (slightly more than 3 Tg/yr) due to the relatively high volatility of organic-NO3 oxidation products in the yield parameterization. Globally, 69 to 88 Tg/yr of organic aerosol is predicted to be produced annually, of which 14–15 Tg/yr is from oxidation of monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes and 8–9 Tg/yr from isoprene.
A Model for Chlorine Dioxide Delignification of Chemical Pulp

Abstract A phenomenon based model for chlorine dioxide delignification of chemical pulp is introduced. The pulp suspension environment is modeled using the concept of two liquid phases, one inside and the other external to the fiber wall. Physico-chemical processes taking place during delignification are implemented with thermodynamic, mass transfer and reaction kinetic models. A broad library of chemical reactions is introduced. Inclusion of each reaction is justified. The model response is tested against experimental laboratory delignification results (o-delignified birch pulp). The experimental data consists of kappa number, hexenuronic acid, inorganic oxy-chlorine compound, and organochlorine (AOX, OX) measurements at several time points during five delignification experiments. The model predictions are mainly in good agreement with the experimental results. The predictions regarding hypochlorous acid driven processes (HexA removal, organochlorine formation, chlorite and chlorate concentration) are somewhat incoherent, indicating that knowledge regarding the intermediately formed hypochlorous acid is presently insufficient.
Stabilization of Poly(Vinyl Chloride) Against Photo-Degradation Using Dienophilic Compounds

As dienophilic compounds, N- aminophenylmaleimides would be expected to act as radical traps and thus, could be investigated as organic photo-stabilizers for rigid poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC). Their stabilizing efficiencies were evaluated by measuring the extent of discoloration and the change in the mechanical properties of the photo-irradiated polymer. Their stabilizing efficiencies were compared with phenyl salicylate, which is a commonly used industrial photo stabilizer. The results have proved the higher stabilizing efficiency of all the investigated materials as compared with phenyl salicylate. The stabilizing efficiency of the aminomaleimides is attributed to their radical trapping potency which intervenes with the radical degradation of the photo-irradiated PVC. Moreover, it was found that these materials lower the extent of discoloration of the polymer during later stages of degradation. This improvement in the color stability is most probably attributable to the ability of the aminomalemides to react by a Diels–Alder reaction with the conjugated double bonds created on the polymeric chains as a result of the degradation of the polymer. Finally, the results illustrate the blending of aminomaleimide derivatives with phenyl salicylate improve the photo stabilization of the polymer as shown from the absorbance coefficient Δa values, and this improvement attains its maximum when both the investigated stabilizers and phenyl salicylate are taken in equivalent ratios. The observed synergism is attributed to the combination of the mechanisms by which both stabilizers function. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009
Effect of high pressures on the process of Edam cheese proteolysis

The effect of a high pressure on processing of Edam cheese proteolysis was examined with the aim to determine the possibilities of accelerating the cheese ripening process, or cheese preserving. The cheese samples were subjected to pressurization under the pressure of 200 and 400 MPa, at room temperature, in hydraulic pressure generators directly after salting and after 4, 6 and 8 weeks of ripening. During further ripening of the cheeses, chemical analysis and organoleptic evaluation were periodically carried out. The control sample consisted of traditionally ripening cheeses, i.e. not being subjected to pressurization. During ripening, an increase in the levels of non-protein nitrogen, amino acid nitrogen and pH 4.6-soluble and water-soluble nitrogen was observed in all the cheeses. On the other hand, the pressure of 200 and 400 MPa on the run of proteolysis had no significant effect. The application of high pressure had an influence on the improvement of the cheeses' consistency. †Presented at the 42nd EHPRG conference, Lausanne, September 1–4, 2004.