Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Relationship of time spent in front of the TV with energy expenditure in adolescents with different percents of body fat

Physical inactivity is considered an independent risk factor for chronic diseases, and time spent in front of the TV is one of the most widespread sedentary activities. The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between time spent in front of the TV and energy expenditure among adolescents with different percents of body fat (%BF). The study included 40 White male adolescents aged 14 to 16 years, of high socioeconomic status (classes A and B). Anthropometric (body mass, stature, skin folds) and level of physical activity (Tritac accelerometer TR3) data were obtained. The adolescents were divided by %BF: below of 11% or above of 20%. The results demonstrated that adolescents with %BF above the ideal range spent more time in front of the TV and had lower energy expenditure than adolescents with %BF below the ideal range (p < 0.05). A negative association was observed between time in front of the TV and energy expenditure (on weekdays: r = - 0.426; on weekends: r = - 0.579) and there was a positive correlation with body fat (on weekdays: r = 0.518; on weekends: r = 0.514) (p < 0.05). According to the evidence, it was concluded that the greater the amount of time spent in front of the TV, the greater the prevalence of inactivity and the greater the amount of body fat.
Some nutrient requirements of Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica)

Five experiments were carried out with Coturnix quail, from hatching until maturity at five weeks of age, to determine three essen­ tial.amino acid requirements, total protein requirement as supplied by sardine meal, and the capacity of this avian species to utilize nonprotein nitrogen (NPN) as a partial protein substitute. Under the experimental conditions described in this thesis, minimum.amino acid requirements for optimum growth on diets containing 26% protein were found to be as follows: Lysine Methionine and Cystine Glycine Percent of Diet 0-3 weeks 4-5 weeks 1.37 0.69 1.74 1.20 0,67 1.17 The total protein (sardine meal) requirement was 31.1% and 24.4% of the diet for 3 and 5 weeks respectively. When low protein diets were supplemented with diammonium citrate or ammonium sulfate equivalent to 3% protein, there appeared to be some utilization of these NPN sources as evidenced by increased growth and improved protein efficiency ratio (grams gain/grams protein consumed). There was not enough evidence to prove this response statistically significant.
Managing primates in zoos: Lessons from animal behaviour

The use of animal behaviour in primate husbandry and management is discussed here through two studies conducted on non-human primates in Indian zoos. Abnormal behaviours such as begging from humans, floating limb, self-biting and stereotypic pacing were observed only in omnivorous primates in these two studies. The factors influencing the exhibition of abnormal behaviours were identified to be group composition and size, enclosure design and rearing history. Methods to reduce and increase proportions of behaviour pathologies and natural behaviours, respectively, have been suggested. The behaviour of captive nonhuman primates differs vastly from their free-ranging counter-parts. This difference is primarily because captive environments lack appropriate environmental and social stimuli, which often leads to the development of bizarre behavioural patterns unique to captive animals, technically referred to as âabnormal behavioursâ. In this paper, presence of abnormal behaviours in the behavioural repertoire of a captive primate is used to demonstrate the need for animal behaviour studies to be included in the management strategies towards improved primate husbandry in Indian zoos.
An epidemiological study on the reported cases of tuberculosis in Mazandaran (1999-2008) using spatial design

Background and purpose: The incidence of tuberculosis (TB) in Iran is about 13 in 100000 people and this rate in Golestan and Sistan & Balouchestan Provinces is the highest. Due to the proximity of Golestan to Mazandaran, this epidemiological survey has been done to identify the high risk locations by using of disease mapping of tuberculosis incidence rate. Materials and methods: This observational longitudinal survey was performed on the cases occurred between 1999 and 2008. The characteristics of the total cases of 2,444 were taken from tuberculosis admission book. The epidemiological and demographical variables including age, gender, year, location, and others characteristics were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics methods by statistical package of SAS and SPSS. Results: From 2,444 patients, 1,283 (52.5%) were male and 47.5% were female. 61 percent were city dwellers, 39 percent were from rural areas and 96.4 % were Iranians. The highest incidence rate of TB was seen in Behshahr with rate of 19.39 and the lowest rate in Joybar with the rate of 6.45. Conclusion: The prevalence of TB cases in Mazandaran is lower than other provinces such as Guilan and Golestan. In addition, late diagnosis of TB in Mazandaran was higher than other provinces such as Khorasan Razavi and Kordestan. The delay in TB diagnosis in Iran is longer than other in countries such as the UK and Nepal. The results of this study can provide useful information for health care services providers and policy makers to mange the disease by implementing appropriate and timely interventions.
Boron fertilization affects the physiological quality of soybean seeds, conventional and transgenic

High physiological quality soybean seeds are essential for a successful production, because they promote optimal plant density in the field. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of boron doses applied at different phenological stages of two soybean varieties on the physiological quality of the seeds. Two field experiments were carried out, one with each variety of soybean, conventional and transgenic. Five doses for boron were applied to the soil as boric acid (17%): 0, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0 and 4.0 kg ha -1 , at three phenological stages (V6, V9 e R1). In R8 stage the seeds are harvested and then tested for physiological quality, through the tests of Germination, germination first count, germination speed index, accelerated aging and electrical conductivity. For the conventional variety, the boron doses promoted a quadratic effect on variables when the boron was applied near the reproductive stages. For the transgenic variety, the first-degree polynomial model presented the best fit, meaning that the higher the boron dose the better the physiological quality. The optimal boron application stage for producing high vigor seeds was R1 for both varieties. Four (4.0) kg ha -1 of boric acid is recommended for both varieties to produce high quality seeds.
Use of vitamin and mineral supplements and related variables among university students in Seoul

Purpose: Despite the popularity of dietary supplements, little data are available on their use by university students. The purpose of this study was to examine the use of vitamin mineral supplements and to identify factors related to supplement use among university students. Methods: University students (N = 345) in Seoul were surveyed. Survey questions included descriptive demographics, types of vitamin and mineral supplements used, health related lifestyle factors, mini dietary assessment, and knowledge and behaviors related to supplement use. Results: Of university students surveyed, 41% consumed vitamin and mineral supplements. Among the supplement users, multivitamins were the most commonly used dietary supplements (68.6%), followed by vitamin C (31.4%) and calcium (17.1%). In particular, the use of vitamin C and iron supplements was more common in females than males (p < 0.05). For the number of supplements taken daily, 32.1% of supplement users consumed 2 or more supplements; 20% of supplement users had almost no knowledge of the supplements being taken. Based on the results of multivariable logistic regression analysis, supplement use was associated with higher interest in their own health, non-smoker, and supplement use by family (p < 0.05). In addition, supplement use was slightly associated with healthy dietary behavior such as consuming a variety of foods (p = 0.05) and current disease status (p = 0.05). Conclusion: University students with relatively healthy lifestyles appear to take vitamin and mineral supplements, but they had little knowledge of the supplements. Given high prevalence of dietary supplement use among university students, nutrition education regarding supplement use is needed.
Epidemiological and ophthalmological findings in diabetic patients examined in a general hospital

Objective: To evaluate the association between epidemiological and ophtalmological findings in diabetic patients. Methods: Cross-sectional study. We selected consecutively diabetic patients examined during 2011 which responded to a questionnaire and examination. Results: The sample comprised 103 patients, of whom 72 (69.9%) were female, 66 (64%) were Caucasian, average age 59 (+/- 9,21) years, 64% reported minimum wages, 58.2% did not finish elementary school, 75.7% reported family history of diabetes, 45.6% reported regularly perform metabolic control, 54.3% did not receive special nutritional care. On examination, 72.8% had visual acuity of 20/40. There was a significant association between retinal complications and insulin usage (OR=8,3; p=0,003), and between low visual acuity and age (OR=11,8; p=0,003) and insulin (OR=5,48, p=0,021), as well with lower education and income. Conclusion: In this low-income and low-education population, glycemic control was poor, and related to the development of diabetic retinopathy and the consequent low vision. These findings emphasize the need to adopt broader strategies to improve control and prevention of diabetes mellitus.
Representing Joint Hierarchies with Box Embeddings

Learning representations for hierarchical and multi-relational knowledge has emerged as an active area of research. Box Embeddings [Vilnis et al., 2018, Li et al., 2019] represent concepts with hyperrectangles in n -dimensional space and are shown to be capable of modeling tree-like structures eﬃciently by training on a large subset of the transitive closure of the WordNet hypernym graph. In this work, we evaluate the capability of box embeddings to learn the transitive closure of a tree-like hierarchical relation graph with far fewer edges from the transitive closure. Box embeddings are not restricted to tree-like structures, however, and we demonstrate this by modeling the WordNet meronym graph, where nodes may have multiple parents. We further propose a method for modeling multiple relations jointly in a single embedding space using box embeddings. In all cases, our proposed method outperforms or is at par with all other embedding methods.
Response of physalis (Physalis peruviana L.) to liming in acidic soils

Physalis is an herbaceous plant that produces edible fruits with a bittersweet flavor. This species has a high cropping potential attracting attention of farmers, traders and consumers. The effects of soil acidity indices on nutrient uptake, optimal growth, yield and fruit quality of physalis in acidic soils were evaluated. The study was conducted in a greenhouse with four lime requirements in completely randomized design and five replications. Dolomitic limestone was applied to the soils at rates of 0, 0.6, 1.4, and 2.3 t ha 1 (Typic Quartzipsamment) and 0, 0.8, 1.8, and 2.8 t ha -1 (Rhodic Hapludox). Plant height, stem diameter, shoot and root dry weight, longitudinal and transverse diameters of the fruits, macro and micronutrient concentrations in leaves, and soil chemical properties were evaluated. Liming is an essential practice for the cultivation of Physalis peruviana L. in the acidic soils, where it is aimed to achieve higher yields and quality fruit. The results highlighted the high demands of physalis for Ca, Mg, and base saturation, and low tolerance to aluminum in the soil. Maximum growth, yield and fruit quality was obtained with the application of 1.8 t lime ha -1 for both soils. The determined standards for pH in water, tolerated aluminum saturation, desired base saturation and calcium and magnesium requirements were 6.4, 5.0 %, 67 % and 25,8 mmolc dm -3 , respectively.
Effects of Statins on Lipid Profile of Kidney Transplant Recipients: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

Objective To assess the benefits of statins on lipid profile in kidney transplant recipients via a meta-analysis. Methods We systematically identified peer-reviewed clinical trials, review articles, and treatment guidelines from PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library, Wanfang, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), SinoMed (CBM), and Chongqing VIP databases from inception to April 2019. In the analysis, only randomized controlled clinical trials performed in human were included. Results Eight articles were included in the analysis, involving 335 kidney transplant recipients who received statins and 350 kidney transplant patients as the control group. Results revealed that statins improved the lipid profile of kidney transplant recipients. Specifically, statin therapy significantly reduced total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. However, it had no effects on high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglycerides levels. Conclusions The present study provides valuable knowledge on the potential benefits of statins in kidney transplant recipients. This meta-analysis shows that statin therapy modifies the lipid profile in this patient population.
LONG-TERM CLINICAL OUTCOMES IN SURVIVORS OF CORONAVIRUS OUTBREAKS AFTER HOSPITALISATION OR ICU ADMISSION: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND META-ANALYSIS OF FOLLOW-UP STUDIES

Objective: To determine the long-term clinical problems in adult survivors of coronavirus (CoV) infection [Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS)] after hospitalisation or Intensive Care Unit (ICU) admission. Design: Systematic review and meta-analysis of the literature. Data sources: Ovid MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL Plus and PsycINFO were searched using the strategy: (Coronavirus OR Coronavirus Infections OR COVID OR SARS virus OR Severe acute respiratory syndrome OR MERS OR Middle east respiratory syndrome) AND (Follow-up OR Follow-up studies OR Prevalence). Original studies reporting the clinical outcomes of adult survivors of coronavirus outbreaks two months after discharge or three months after admission were included. The quality of the studies was assessed using the Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine (OCEBM) 2009 Level of Evidence Tool. Meta-analysis was conducted to derive pooled estimates of prevalence and severity for different outcomes at time points up to 6 months follow-up and beyond 6 months follow-up. Results: The search yielded 1169 studies of which 28 were included in this review. There were 15 Level 1b, 8 Level 2b, 2 Level 3b and 3 Level 4 studies by OCEBM grading. Pooled analysis of studies revealed that complications commonly observed were impaired diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide (DLCO) [prevalence of 27.26%, 95% CI 14.87 to 44.57] and reduced exercise capacity [(6-minute walking distance (6MWD) mean 461m, 95% CI 449.66 to 472.71] at 6 months with limited improvement beyond 6 months. Coronavirus survivors had considerable prevalence of psychological disorders such as post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) [38.80%, CI 30.93 to 47.31], depression [33.20%, CI 19.80 to 50.02] and anxiety [30.04%, CI 10.44 to 61.26) beyond 6 months. These complications were accompanied by low Short Form 36 (SF-36) scores at 6 months and beyond indicating reduced quality of life which is present long-term. Conclusions: The long term clinical problems in survivors of CoV infections (SARS and MERS) after hospitalisation or Intensive Care Unit (ICU) admission include respiratory dysfunction, reduced exercise capacity, psychological problems such as PTSD, depression and anxiety, and reduced quality of life. Critical care, rehabilitation and mental health services should anticipate a high prevalence of these problems following COVID-19 and ensure their adequate and timely management with the aim of restoring premorbid quality of life.
Differential response to cytotoxic therapy explains treatment dynamics of AML patients: insights from a mathematical modelling approach

Disease response and durability of remission are very heterogeneous in patients with acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) patients. There is increasing evidence that the individual risk of early relapse can be predicted based on the initial treatment response. However, it is unclear how such a correlation is linked to functional aspects of AML progression and treatment. We suggest a mathematical model in which leukaemia-initiating cells and normal/healthy hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells reversibly change between an active state characterized by proliferation and chemosensitivity and a quiescent state, in which the cells do not divide, but are also insensitive to chemotherapy. Applying this model to 275 molecular time courses of NPM1-mutated patients, we conclude that the differential chemosensitivity of the leukaemia-initiating cells together with the cells' intrinsic proliferative capacity is sufficient to reproduce both, early relapse as well as long-lasting remission. We can, furthermore, show that the model parameters associated with individual chemosensitivity and proliferative advantage of the leukemic cells are closely linked to the patients' time to relapse. They can, therefore, be used as a measure of the aggressiveness of the disease. Early assessment of these measures and incorporation into risk stratification schemes will improve risk assessment and individual treatment in AML.
Comparing performance of deep convolutional neural network with orthopaedic surgeons on identification of total hip prosthesis design from plain radiographs

A crucial step in preoperative planning for a revision total hip replacement (THR) surgery is accurate identification of failed implant design, especially if one or more well-fixed/functioning components are to be retained. Manual identification of the implant design from preoperative radiographic images can be time-consuming and inaccurate, which can ultimately lead to increased operating room time, more complex surgery, and increased healthcare costs. No automated system has been developed to accurately and efficiently identify THR implant designs. In this study, we present a novel, fully automatic and interpretable approach to identify the design of nine different THR femoral implants from plain radiographs using deep convolutional neural network (CNN). We also compared the CNN performance with three board-certified and fellowship trained orthopaedic surgeons. The CNN achieved on-par accuracy with the orthopaedic surgeons while being significantly faster. The need for additional training data for less distinct designs was also highlighted. Such CNN can be used to automatically identify the design of a failed THR femoral implant preoperatively in just a fraction of a second, saving time and improving identification accuracy.
Gastrointestinal tract symptoms in coronavirus disease 2019: Analysis of clinical symptoms in adult patients

Objective: To investigate the clinical presentation of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), particularly the incidence of gastrointestinal tract symptoms. Design: We enrolled adult COVID-19 patients from a mobile cabin hospital in Wuhan with a definitive diagnosis by SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid testing. Face-to-face interviews were conducted in which the patient selected COVID-19-related symptoms and report the time of onset and duration of symptoms. Results: A total of 212 adults were enrolled in this study, of which 127 (59.9%) were females, mean age was 48.50 (range: 17-79) years, and mean disease course was 26.78 (3-60) days. Fever and cough were the most common and earliest clinical symptoms of COVID-19. Diarrhoea occurred in 43.8% (93/212) of patients, of which 86.0% (80/93) had mushy stools. Nausea and vomiting were also common (20.7%). Diarrhoea lasted for 4.00(2.00-8.85) days and mostly occurred 5.00(0.25-11.00) days after the emergence of the first symptoms. Multiple logistic regression analysis found that diarrhoea was significantly correlated with fatigue [OR2.900,95%CI (1.629-5.164), p<0.0001]. Conclusions: Gastrointestinal tract symptoms are common in COVID-19 and most occur during the middle stage of the disease and lasts for a short period of time. Clinicians need to pay greater attention to gastrointestinal tract symptoms of COVID-19.
Machine Learning Analysis of Chest CT Scan Images as a Complementary Digital Test of Coronavirus (COVID-19) Patients

This paper reports on the development and performance of machine learning schemes for the analysis of Chest CT Scan images of Coronavirus COVID-19 patients and demonstrates significant success in efficiently and automatically testing for COVID-19 infection. In particular, an innovative frequency domain algorithm, to be called FFT-Gabor scheme, will be shown to predict in almost real-time the state of the patient with an average accuracy of 95.37%, sensitivity 95.99% and specificity 94.76%. The FFT-Gabor scheme is adequately informative in that clinicians can visually examine the FFT-Gabor feature to support their final diagnostic.
Examination of WHO/INRUD Core Drug Use Indicators at Public Primary Healthcare Centers in Kisii County, Kenya

Background: Irrational drug use is a global problem. However, the extent of the problem is higher in low-income countries. This study set out to assess and characterize drug use at the public primary healthcare centers (PPHCCs) in a rural county in Kenya, using the World Health Organization/ International Network for the Rational Use of Drugs (WHO/INRUD) core drug use indicators methodology. Methods: Ten PPHCCs were randomly selected. From each PPHCC, ninety prescriptions from October to December 2018 were sampled and data extracted. Three-hundred (30 per PPHCC) patients and ten (1 per PPHCC) dispensers were also observed and interviewed. The WHO/INRUD core drug use indicators were used to assess the patterns of drug use. Results: The average number of drugs per prescription was 2.9 (SD 0.5) (recommended: 1.6 to 1.8), percentage of drugs prescribed by generic names was 27.7% (recommended: 100%); the percentage of prescriptions with an antibiotic was 84.8% (recommended: 20.0 to 26.8%), and with an injection prescribed was 24.9% (recommended: 13.4 to 24.1%). The percentage of prescribed drugs from the Kenya Essential Medicines List was 96.7% (recommended: 100%). The average consultation time was 4.1 min (SD 1.7) (recommended: more than 10 min), the average dispensing time was 131.5 sec (SD 41.5) (recommended: more than 90 sec), the percentage of drugs actually dispensed was 76.3% (recommended: 100%), the percentage of drugs adequately labeled was 22.6% (recommended: 100%) and percentage of patients with correct knowledge of dispensed drugs was 54.7% (recommended: 100%). Only 20% of the PPHCCs had a copy of KEML available, and 80% of the selected essential drugs assessed were available. Conclusion: The survey shows irrational drug use practices, particularly polypharmacy, non-generic prescribing, overuse of antibiotics, short consultation time and inadequacy of drug labeling. Effective programs and activities promoting the rational use of drugs are the key interventions suggested at all the health facilities.