Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Contrast in Precipitation Characteristics across the Baiu Front near Japan. Part I: TRMM PR Observation

AbstractContrasts in precipitation characteristics across the baiu front are examined with Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) Precipitation Radar (PR) data near Japan during June–July (1998–2011). The vertical structure of atmospheric stratification differs between the tropics and midlatitudes. On an average, the baiu front is found around the latitude that roughly divides the midlatitude atmosphere from the tropical atmosphere. Precipitation characteristics are compared between the southern and northern sides of the reference latitude of the baiu front, which is detected with equivalent potential temperature at 1000 hPa of 345 K in terms of the boundary between the tropics and midlatitudes.The results show that there are obvious differences in precipitation characteristics between the southern and northern sides. In the south, convective rainfall ratios (CRRs) are 40%–60%, which are larger than those in the north (20%–40%). Greater rainfall intensity and taller/deeper precipitation are also obser.
Notch Sensitivity Study in U-notched Polymers Built by Additive Manufacturing (AM)

Onyx ® is a new material composed of Polyamide 6 reinforced with short carbon fiber, used in the novel additive manufacturing composites technique. This paper aims to present the axial fatigue performance of this material with and without U-notches. The experimentally determined S-N fatigue curve was obtained under axial load with a load inversion ratio, R = 0.1, and compared to fatigue performance of U-notched samples ranging from 0.25 to 2 mm radius. In addition, the stress concentration factor was compared for static and alternative loading to obtain the notch sensitivity in terms of the U-notch radius, showing that there is indeed a difference in stress concentration between them. The advantage of the approach is that it permits using commonly used dimensioning methods for this AM material.
Relationship Between Metacognitive Beliefs and Body Image Concerns in Primary Dysmenorrhea Intensity: The Mediating Role of Pain Self-Efficacy in Iranian Students

Background: Given that primary dysmenorrhea can affect individuals' course of life and social activities, it is necessary to consider the role of related variables in its incidence and conduct more studies to take effective measures to reduce this pain. Objectives: This study aims to model the structural equations of the relationship between metacognitive beliefs and body image concerns with the mediating role of pain self-efficacy on the severity of primary dysmenorrhea. Methods: This study adopted a cross-sectional, descriptive correlational research design. A structural equation modeling method was conducted on 724 students studying in the first semester of 2021 - 2022. Questionnaires assessed menstrual pain severity, body image concern, pain self-efficacy, and metacognitive beliefs. Data were analyzed using structural equation modeling, SPSS.25, and AMOS 24. Results: According to data analysis, all indices of fit were appropriate after modifications, and the model had a very good fit at the significance level (χ2/df = 3.619, CFI = 0.931, TLI = 0.910, NFI = 0.907, RMSEA = 0.060, 90%CI [0.053, 0.068], SRMR = 0.077). In examining direct pathways, metacognitive beliefs showed a direct effect on and a negative correlation with the severity of dysmenorrhea. The investigation of indirect pathways also confirmed the effect of metacognitive beliefs on the severity of primary dysmenorrhea with the mediating role of pain self-efficacy. The effect of the direct pathway of body image concern on the severity of primary dysmenorrhea was not significant and was removed from the model. On the other hand, as the examination of the indirect path showed, the effect of body image concerns on the severity of primary dysmenorrhea was mediated by pain self-efficacy. Conclusions: According to the findings, the promotion of mental health was effective in controlling primary dysmenorrhea. Hence, more attention to psychological issues is required through effective practical protocols to provide an introduction to menstrual health and the grounds for performance improvement in girls.
Temporal Stability of Spatially Measured Soil Water Probability Density Function

Soil water data collected from three different fields are analyzed by two techniques (temporal analysis of the differences between individual and spatial average values; and Spearman's rank correlation) to search if time-invariant characteristic statistical properties of the probability density functioins can be assigned to individual locations. A grass field was equipped with 17 neutron access tubes and surveyed 24 times during a 2 1/2 yr-period. In another field planted with olive trees, nine neutron access tubes were installed and quarterly measurements were performed during two consecutive years. The latter field cropped in wheat was gravimetrically sampled on a regular spatial pattern five different times and was routinely surveyed during a 1-yr period at four selected locations by using a neutron moisture meter. All data show the existence of a very significant time-stability of particular individual locations characterized by the same parameter in the statistical distribution of the observations taken over the field. It is shown that some locations conserve the property to represent the mean and extreme values of the field water content at any time along the year. This stability seems to be explained to a large extent by relationships between soil texture and water content. Additional Index Words: spatial variability, time series analysis, Spearman's test, scaling factor, data reduction, representative sites of measurements. View complete article To view this complete article, insert Disc 4 then click button8
Value relevance of goodwill accounting – how a forward-looking valuation approach guides goodwill recoverability

Abstract This study addresses the problem of value relevance and accounting for goodwill positions, as the measures used in previous studies are only suitable to a limited extent for measuring the growth potentials through M&A. For this purpose, the measure of future potential (FP) is defined as a company’s expected growth from a capital market perspective, which is already priced in but has not yet been realized and separates it from the growth already realized in the income statement. The study includes 2660 acquisitions from US companies between 1998 – 2018. Goodwill (premiums) are identified as carriers of FP, and we seek to determine whether they affect long-term operating performance. Our results show that changes in FP, like goodwill, significantly negatively affect future operating performance, demonstrating the realization of growth potentials through M&A. Second, using moderation analysis, we show that the interaction between goodwill and FP predicts changes in operating performance, and the negative relationships decreased significantly when firms were able to generate more potential through the transaction. Our model is particularly suitable for acquirers who have purchased only a few FP. The controversy surrounding goodwill’s value relevance and the impairment-only approach’s discretionary nature is scrutinized.
Optical effects of polar stratospheric clouds on the retrieval of TOMS total ozone

Small areas of sharply reduced ozone density appear frequently in the maps produced from polar region total ozone mapping spectrometer (TOMS) data. These mini-holes are of the order of 1000 km in extent with a lifetime of a few days. On the basis of measurements from ground-based instruments, balloon-borne ozonesondes, and simultaneous measurements of aerosol and ozone concentrations during aircraft flights in the Arctic and Antarctic regions, the appearance of polar stratospheric clouds (PSCs) are frequently associated with false reductions in ozone derived from the TOMS albedo data. By combining radiative transfer calculations with the observed PSC and ozone data, it is shown that PSCs located near or above the ozone density maximum (with optical thickness greater than 0.1) can explain most of the differences between TOMS ozone data and ground or in situ ozone measurements. Several examples of real and false TOMS mini-hole phenomenon are investigated using data from the 1989 Airborne Arctic Stratospheric Expedition (AASE) and from balloon flights over Norway and Sweden.
A Radial Standing Pc5‐6 Wave and Its Energy Coupling With Field Line Resonance Within the Dusk‐Sector Magnetosphere

Global ultra‐low frequency (ULF) oscillations are believed to play a significant role in the mass, energy, and momentum transport within the Earth's magnetosphere. In this letter, we observe a ∼1.2 mHz radial standing wave in the dusk‐sector magnetosphere accompanied by the field line resonance (FLR) on 16 July 2017. The frequency estimation from the simple box model also confirms the radial standing wave. The essential characteristics of FLR are concurrently identified at the dusk‐sector magnetosphere and the conjugated ground location. Further, the radial standing wave dissipates energy into upper atmosphere to enhance the local aurora by coupling itself to the FLR. The magnetospheric dominant 1.2/1.1 mHz ULF waves plausibly correspond well with the discrete ∼1 mHz magnetosheath ion dynamic pressure/velocity oscillation, suggesting this radial standing wave and FLR in the flank magnetosphere may be triggered by the solar‐wind and/or magnetosheath dynamic pressure/velocity fluctuations.
Modelling the static liquefaction of sand with low-plasticity fines

There have been significant advances in understanding of the effect of fines content, fc, on the mechanical response of sand with fines. The concepts of equivalent granular void ratio, e*, and equivalent granular state parameter, ψ*, which were developed for sands with fines, can be used in lieu of e and ψ to provide a unifying framework for characterising the undrained response of sands with low-plasticity fines, irrespective of fc. In addition, a recently developed constitutive model was able to capture the influence of both density, using e, and stress states on the stress–strain responses of clean sand under drained or undrained shearing with one set of parameters. This was achieved by rendering dilatancy and peak-failure stress ratio functions of ψ. The present work combines these two powerful unifying propositions, and by merely substituting e* and ψ* for e and ψ into the equations of the aforementioned model for clean sands, obtains a constitutive model for sand with fines that can capture the infl.
Hyperinsulinemia Impairs Clathrin-Mediated Endocytosis of the Insulin Receptor and Activation of Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase in Brain Endothelial Cells

Adequate perfusion of cerebral tissues, which is necessary for the preservation of optimal brain health, depends on insulin signaling within brain endothelial cells. Proper insulin signaling relies on the regulated internalization of insulin bound to the insulin receptor, a process which is disrupted by hyperinsulinemia via an unknown mechanism. Thus, the goal of this study was to characterize the impact of hyperinsulinemia on the regulation of molecular targets involved in cerebral blood flow and insulin receptor internalization into brain endothelial cells. The phosphorylation of molecular targets associated with cerebral blood flow and insulin receptor internalization was assessed in hyperinsulinemic brain endothelial cells. Insulin receptor uptake into cells was also examined in the setting of endocytosis blockade. Our data demonstrate that hyperinsulinemia impairs the activation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase. These data correspond with an impairment in clathrin-mediated endocytosis of the insulin receptor and dysregulated phosphorylation of key internalization effectors. We conclude that hyperinsulinemia alters the phosphorylation of molecular targets involved in clathrin-mediated endocytosis, disrupts signaling through the insulin receptor, and hinders the capacity for blood flow regulation by brain endothelial cells.
Mind the gap: The impact of missing data on the calculation of phytoplankton phenology metrics

Annual phytoplankton blooms are key events in marine ecosystems and interannual variability in bloom timing has important implications for carbon export and the marine food web. The degree of match or mismatch between the timing of phytoplankton and zooplankton annual cycles may impact larval survival with knock-on effects at higher trophic levels. Interannual variability in phytoplankton bloom timing may also be used to monitor changes in the pelagic ecosystem that are either naturally or anthropogenically forced. Seasonality metrics that use satellite ocean color data have been developed to quantify the timing of phenological events which allow for objective comparisons between different regions and over long periods of time. However, satellite data sets are subject to frequent gaps due to clouds and atmospheric aerosols, or persistent data gaps in winter due to low sun angle. Here we quantify the impact of these gaps on determining the start and peak timing of phytoplankton blooms. We use the NASA Ocean Biogeochemical Model that assimilates SeaWiFS data as a gap-free time series and derive an empirical relationship between the percentage of missing data and error in the phenology metric. Applied globally, we find that the majority of subpolar regions have typical errors of 30 days for the bloom initiation date and 15 days for the peak date. The errors introduced by intermittent data must be taken into account in phenological studies.
Analysis of the blade aeroelastic effect on the floating offshore wind turbine wake in a focusing wave with a hybrid model

With the recent trend toward larger floating offshore wind turbines (FOWT), the influence of blade deformation becomes more obvious. Modelling this fully coupled fluid-structure interaction (FSI) system, especially at extreme sea level with large-scale motion of the entire system, is an essential challenge. A hybrid numerical model integrating the potential-viscous flow model (qaleFOAM), the unstable actuator line method (UALM), the Legendre spectral finite element model (BeamDyn), and the Lumped Mass Mooring Model (MoorDyn) is employed in the current research. This model is capable of effortlessly and accurately reflecting the blade aeroelastic effect on the dynamics of a FOWT system under the circumstances of a focused wave and uniform wind. The result reveals that the aeroelastic impacts have been identified to not only increase the fatigue damage on the turbine blades but also affect the wake field distribution. Based on the temporal and spatial distribution of the velocity fields, it is found that the coupled effects of the large wave elevation and the FOWT high-frequency motions will disturb the velocity in the wake region. The slight variation of the wind speed in the wake region will be exacerbated by about 0.21% to 18.6%, and it transforms the shape of the wake region when the blade aeroelastic effect participates in the coupled effect. This phenomenon may further affect the downstream FOWT system features through the upstream FOWT wake field.
On the Decoding of Shoulder Joint Intent of Motion From Transient EMG: Feature Evaluation and Classification

Motion intent detection for shoulder actions may allow the early decoding of upper limb motions, thus enhancing the real-time usability of rehabilitative devices and prosthetics. In this study we faced a motion intent detection problem involving four shoulder movements by using transient epochs of surface electromyographic (EMG) signals. Reliability of time and frequency domain features was investigated through clusters separability properties and classification performances. Those features able to provide accuracy greater than 90% were selected and further investigated by a holdout scheme, i.e., decreasing the amount of data for training the learning models (60%, 50%, 40%, and 30%). Key findings of the study are as follows. Firstly, single-feature approach appeared suitable for early decoding shoulder movements, thus supporting reduced recording setup. Time domain features related to the instantaneous variations of signal amplitude produced the best results but frequency domain features showed comparable performances, suggesting no favored domain for feature extraction. Eventually, autoregressive coefficients suffered from a reduced amount of data used for training. Outcomes of this study can support the design of myoelectric control schemes, based on transient EMG data, for driving shoulder joint assistive devices.
Filipino seafarers and transnationalism

The study explores Filipino seafarers’ integration and cross-border practices using a transnational paradigm. As seafarers’ lives span the ship and the shore, a transnational framework entails looking at whether belongingness is manifested simultaneously and the extent to which this can be possible. The study’s multi-sited approach considers both the everyday realities in the community and on board the ship including the transnational linkages they maintain and deploy to remain part of both realms. The analyses show that seafarers’ repeated reincorporation and conformity in the community reflects how belongingness is largely constituted as aspirational at home. Integration on board, largely work-oriented and subject to a racialised hierarchy, favours less the social aspect of integration. The limited involvement in both contexts mutually reflects fringe belonging. Under conditions of high mobility, cross-border practices are constrained inasmuch as they are facilitated through access to communication technologies. The ties of reciprocity under extensive kin relations similarly accentuate the strain affecting connection at home. Such conflicting outcomes undermine the connectivity and continuity of social relations that is purportedly enhanced by linking across borders. Such ties are nonetheless employed as a strategy of counteracting labour insecurities despite the burden arising from such tenuous links. This thesis concludes that seafarers evince a form of transactional transnationalism such that they inhabit both worlds only if on board.
Deciphering shallow mantle stratification through information dimension

Applying the concept of cluster entropy, we demonstrate that the primary P-to-s (Ps) conversions originating from the well-recognized seismological boundaries (Moho, 410 km, and 660 km depth interfaces) in Earth's interior and multiple reflections (reverberations) between the surface and the Moho—the prominent crust-mantle boundary of Earth—can be unambiguously identified. Their attendant information dimension can act as a discriminant. Documentation of shallow mantle stratification at depths ∼150–300 km (L/X layers) using Ps signals is scarce and is sometimes attributed to their weak registration in the seismograms together with interference by reverberations from shallow structure. The slopes of best fits to mean cluster information dimension (as function of epicentral distance) of Ps signals from target boundaries such as the Moho, 410 km, and L/X discontinuities are consistently gentle with a slight negative character. In contrast, those related to multiples show a steep positive behavior. This opposite nature can potentially discriminate between reverberations and direct converted waves, even when they tend to arrive in overlapping time windows. Our approach thus enables unequivocal identification of shallow mantle layering from Ps data recorded at diverse tectonic provenances of wide antiquity.
A large spectral survey of small lunar craters: Implications for the composition of the lunar mantle

Abstract A global spectral survey of 4506 immature craters with diameters <1 km was carried out using near-IR data from the Kaguya Spectral Profiler to characterize the composition of the lunar megaregolith. On the basis of band minima and radiative transfer mixing models, small crater spectra fall into three groups: (1) mare basalts with strong absorptions at relatively long wavelengths indicating high ratios of high- to low-Ca pyroxene; (2) norites containing about 50% plagioclase and with pyroxene assemblages dominated by low-Ca pyroxene that occur within the South Pole-Aitken Basin (SPA), near Apollo 14 and other locations near Imbrium Basin, and three major cryptomaria deposits; and (3) noritic anorthosites occurring within the Feldspathic Highlands Terrane containing about 20 wt% pyroxene with a pyroxene assemblage containing exclusively very low-Ca pyroxene. Very few pure anorthosites are present in this survey and there are no occurrences of pyroxene-poor olivine-rich assemblages. Models of the composition of basin ejecta incorporate large amounts of mantle material and the spectral results require that that the sampled mantle is orthopyroxenite. Basin depth-diameter ratios used in the models required to match the measured composition are consistent with prior estimates for the largest basins. The composition found in the SPA and Imbrium regions are consistent with mafic impact melt breccias or basaltic impact melts of basin origin. For SPA we model this composition and find it requires an extremely low impact angle. While this is consistent with prior work on an oblique impact for the SPA event, a more robust solution invokes the production of norite in impact melt seas.
Hyperspectral field measurements to determine dry matter yield and nutritive value of legume-grass swards

Productivity and botanical composition of legume-grass swards in rotation systems are important factors for successful arable farming in both organic and conventional farming systems. As these attributes vary considerably within a field, a non-destructive method of detection while doing other tasks would facilitate more targeted management of crops and nutrients in the soilplant-animal system. Two pot experiments were conducted to examine the potential of field spectroscopy to assess total biomass and the proportions of legume, using binary mixtures and pure swards of grass and legumes. The spectral reflectance of swards was measured under artificial light conditions at a sward age ranging from 21 to 70 days. Total biomass was determined by modified partial least squares (MPLS) regression, stepwise multiple linear regression (SMLR) and the vegetation indices (VIs) simple ratio (SR), normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), enhanced vegetation index (EVI) and red edge position (REP). Modified partial least squares and SMLR gave the largest R2 values ranging from 0.85 to 0.99. Total biomass prediction by VIs resulted in R2 values of 0.87 to 0.90 for swards with large leaf to stem ratios; the greatest accuracy was for EVI. For more mature and open swards VI-based detection of biomass was not possible. The contribution of legumes to the sward could be determined at a constant biomass level by the VIs, but this was not possible when the level of biomass varied.