Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect of pH on the physicochemical and binder properties of tigernut starch

Tigernut starch is starch extracted from the tubers of Cyperus esculentus L. a perennial herb commonly known as tigernut. The effect of pH on the foaming, gelatinization, solubility, swelling, paste clarity, viscosity, freeze–thaw stability, and binder efficiency of the starch in buffer solutions of pHs 4, 7, and 9.2, representative of acid, neutral, and alkaline pHs were evaluated. Marked pH responsiveness was observed in all these parameters to varying degrees. The foaming capacity, paste clarity, freeze–thaw stability, swelling, and viscosity increased while only the gelatinization temperature decreased with increasing pH. The pastes obtained at pHs 4 and 7 showed marked instability by forming a mass of hard coarse gel with the first freeze–thaw cycle while the paste of pH 9.2 maintained its normal viscoelastic-gel texture even after the fourth freeze–thaw cycle. The properties of the ascorbic acid granules and tablets produced by wet granulation, using the pastes as binder showed pH-responsiveness, with the granule formed with the paste of pH 9.2 showing higher mechanical strength and lower disintegration time. This study thus shows the diversity in the physicochemical and binder properties of tigernut starch with changes in pH.
Effectiveness of self-help mobile telephone applications (apps) for suicide prevention: A systematic review

Background: According to the expansion of suicide prevention applications in recent years, the aim of this study was to review randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and pretest-posttest studies that evaluated the effectiveness of suicide prevention applications. Methods: In this systematic review, we searched online databases including Pubmed, SCOPUS, Web of Science, Chocrane Database, and Google Scholar to find randomized controlled trials and pretest-posttest studies published up to Jul 18, 2019. Randomized controlled trials and pretest-posttest of efficacy self-guided telephone applications that reported any primary and secondary outcome of suicidal thoughts and behaviors were included in the review. We evaluated the articles using the CONSORT 2010 checklist. Results: After screening articles, 7 studies were included in this review. Four studies focused on the effectiveness of applications on suicide thoughts and attempt, 2 on effectiveness of applications on self-injury, 4 on depression and anxiety, 1 on impulsivity, and 2 on adaptive strategies. Overall, mobile phone applications were associated with reductions in suicidal ideation scores at post intervention, and enhancement of adaptive skills; however, no evidence of reduction was reported in impulsivity after use of applications. Conclusion: Despite the differences in studies, this review showed that the use of mobile applications had an overall positive effect on reducing the risk of suicide and improving performance and health of patients.
Parâmetros genéticos de características reprodutivas de touros e vacas Gir leiteiro

This work aimed to estimate genetic parameters for age at first calving, scrotal circumference, and seminal traits, and to evaluate genetic trend for age at first calving for dairy Gyr breed animals by analyzing data of 7,055 females and 97 males from several Brazilian herds. Covariance components were estimated by using the restricted maximum likelihood method under animal model in univariate analyses. The model for seminal traits included the company-year-season of semen collection fixed effects, age at the collection as a covariate, linear and quadratic effects. For scrotal circumference, it was included year of birth, age class at measurement, and insemination company fixed effects. For age at first calving, it was included herd-year-season of birth fixed effects and animal and residual random effects. The heritabilities for scrotal circumference and age at first calving were, respectively, 0.37 and 0.22. The genetic trend of age at first calving was significant, with estimated value of -0.018 month/year and it shows that genetic progress in this trait practically did not occur over the studied years. The genetic correlations from bivariate analyses among scrotal circumference with volume, concentration, vigor, motility, major, minor, and total defects, number of doses, total number of feasible spermatozoid and age at first calving were 0.33, 0.22, 0.91, 0.86, -0.07, -0.03, -0.04, 0.30, 0.23 and -0.37, respectively. These results suggest improvements in reproductive efficiency of females when they are used in herds with bulls with greater scrotal circumference.
The Relationship of Code-Switching Strategy Use with Anxiety and Speaking Fluency of Learners

Code-switching is seen to be a useful communicative strategy tool in the acquisition of English language teaching and learning process to reduce learners’ anxiety and to develop their oral proficiency. The present study was conducted to explore the relationship of cod-switching with anxiety and speaking fluency. To achieve the research objectives, fifty EFL learners at intermediate level of language achievement were involved in the present study. In the present study to assess the association between studied variables including: Code switching strategy, Fluency of speaking, and Oral communication anxiety, Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient was run. The results showed that the relationships of Code switching strategy use with fluency of speaking and oral communication anxiety were positive and significant.
Role of multispecies microbial biofilms in the occlusion of biliary stents

Endoscopic stenting is a standard palliative approach for the treatment of a variety of diseases involving biliary obstruction. However, the major limitation of this approach is represented by stent occlusion followed by life-threatening cholangitis, often requiring stent removal and replacement with a new one. Although it is generally believed that microbial colonization of the inner surface of the stent plays an important role in initiating the clogging process, so far available data are not enough for a full understanding of this phenomenon. In fact, it is known that when a biliary stent is inserted across the sphincter of Oddi, the loss of the antimicrobial barrier represented by the sphincter itself and the low pressure in the common bile duct allow reflux of duodenal content, thus promoting an ascending microbial colonization. The sessile mode of growth and the exopolysaccharide production, which leads to the subsequent establishment of a thick biofilm, provides microorganisms with an efficient protection from both antibacterial agents and phagocytic cells. The aim of this study was to analyze the tridimensional structure of the microbial biofilm grown in the lumen of 15 clogged biliary stents and to identify the microbial species involved in the clogging process. Scanning electron microscopy investigations revealed that sludge present in the stent lumen consist of a rich and assorted microbial flora, including aerobic and anaerobic species, mixed with a large amount of amorphous material containing dietary fibres, crystals of cholesterol and other precipitates of bacteria-driven bile salts.
Defecation of Dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP) by the Copepod Acartia tonsa as Functions of Ambient Food Concentration and Body DMSP Content

The dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP) defecation rate of Acartia tonsa (calanoid copepod) feeding on Tetraselmis impellucida (prasinophyte) was correlated with food concentration and copepod body DMSP content. Copepod fecal pellets represent a highly concentrated source of DMSP, and thus play an important role in DMSP flux and microbial processes in the ocean.
END-USER ACCEPTANCE OF ERP SYSTEMS IN APPAREL MANUFACTURING ORGANIZATIONS IN SRI LANKA

Enterprise Resource Planning Systems (ERPs) have become much more essential today in the corporate world which resulted in substantial investments in information systems and technology. Therefore business entities tend to establish ERP systems in order to gain economies of scales and to compete with business rivals. The situation applies similarly in Sri Lankan context-especially in the manufacturing sector. However, the question of whether these companies have achieved their purpose through ERPs implementation remains. Past researches showed that effectiveness of ERP systems heavily depends on users’ acceptance of the ERP system. Our aim of this study is to examine the factors affecting the level of end-user acceptance of ERPs in apparel manufacturing organizations in Sri Lanka. The survey was conducted with the participation of ERP users in two apparel giants (MAS and Hirdaramani Group) in Sri Lanka. This study mainly used quantitative method to identify factors affecting end-user acceptance of ERPs. The study was done by using the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) as the basis. The factors such as Performance expectancy (PE), Effort Expectancy (EE), Social Influence (SI), Training (TRN) and Shared Belief (SB) were examined. A questionnaire was used as the primary source of data. Further, qualitative interviews were conducted and SPSS software was used to analyze statistical data. It was found that the level of acceptance of ERP systems is in a moderate level and the attributes: PE, EE, TRN and SB were correlated with Symbolic Adoption of ERP systems.
FUNCTIONAL DIVERSITY OF MAMMALIAN PREDATORS AND EXTINCTION IN ISLAND BIRDS

The probability of a bird species going extinct on oceanic islands in the period since European colonization is predicted by the number of introduced predatory mammal species, but the exact mechanism driving this relationship is unknown. One possibility is that larger exotic predator communities include a wider array of predator functional types. These predator communities may target native bird species with a wider range of behavioral or life history characteristics. We explored the hypothesis that the functional diversity of the exotic predators drives bird species extinctions. We also tested how different combinations of functionally important traits of the predators explain variation in extinction probability. Our results suggest a unique impact of each introduced mammal species on native bird populations, as opposed to a situation where predators exhibit functional redundancy. Further, the impact of each additional predator may be facilitated by those already present, suggesting the possibility of “invasional meltdown. ”
Fecundity of Steelhead Trout, Salmo gairdneri, from Alsea River, Oregon

In a sample of 73 females of winter steelhead, Salmo gairdneri Richardson, from the 1965–66 spawning run in the Alsea River, Oregon, egg size and egg number were correlated with body length. Alsea steelhead produced approximately 32% fewer eggs than females from Trinity River, California, and 51% less than fish of similar size from Scott Creek, California.
2-Belal J. Muhialdin manuscript

Food industry use chemical preservatives such as pr opionic, sorbic and benzoic acid to extend the shel f lif of food. Interest in natural bio-preservation from lactic ac id bacteria has been on the increase as an alternat ive to be used instead of these chemicals. The use of lactic acid bacteria has become extensively recognized as a nat ural source of preservatives that improve the quality sensory of p r cessed food and to promote health of the consumer s. LAB produce a variety of low molecular weight compounds includi ng acids, alcohols, carbon dioxide, diacetyl, hydro gen peroxide and other metabolites. Many of these metabolites ha ve a broad spectrum against bacteria, fungi and yea sts. Recently, antifungal activity of lactic acid bacteria is intr oduced to replace the chemical preservatives or to reduce the use of them. The spoilage fungi, food borne bacteria and y east cause serious problems in stored food; they ha ve b d impact on the economy of the world. Most of these fungi produ ce mycotoxins such as aflatoxins, trichothecenes, f umonisin, ochratoxin A and patulin. These mycotoxins can affe ct the health of human. The development of suitable technology to produce and identify the antifungal compounds is re quired for industrial production. Production of ant ifungal compounds should be based on the ability to stand h igh temperature, stress during processing and stora ge of products. This review summarizes the antifungal activity and the potential applications with the new technologie s for selection and identification of LAB isolates.
Reproductive biology of the morning glory Merremia macrocalyx (Ruiz & Pavon) O'Donnell (Convolvulaceae)1

Abstract Merremia macrocalyx is a vine that grows over other plants or as a low creeper and is considered a weed of important crops. Study of its reproductive biology showed that its flowers comprise the typical features of the melittophilous pollination syndrome. Anthophoridae, Apidae, and Halictidae were its main floral visitors. Merremia macrocalyx showed a mixed mating system with features that promote outcrossing while allowing some autogamy. Floral biomass was allocated mainly to the corolla (attraction) which, together with the presence of herkogamy and protandry, favors out-crossing. Nevertheless, it is self-compatible and partially autogamous due to the position of anthers above the stigma. Foraging behavior of pollinators could also facilitate deposition of self pollen on the stigma. Ovule abortion was the main predispersal loss of potential seed production, closely followed by flower and fruit abortion. Predispersal seed predation and seed abortion were relatively low. Specimens of Megacerus flabelliger (Bruchidae) were found emerging from the seeds as well as some wasps belonging to families recognized as parasitoids. The mixed mating system showed by Merremia macroclayx, together with its pollination by generalist bees, provides advantages for its development as a weed.
Disarming the paradox of sublethal plant defense against insects: Trirhabda virgata larval development time and leaf tissue loss on Solidago altissima

Although the fitness benefits of traits that kill herbivores are obvious, the contention that sublethal antiperformance traits have evolved as plant defenses has proved more controversial. Traits that slow herbivore development seem particularly paradoxical, given the common assumption that a protracted feeding period will lead to greater total consumption. Whereas this assumption is superficially reasonable, there is very little evolutionarily relevant evidence to suggest that plants on which larval development is slower actually lose more tissue. For the assumption underlying the sublethal‐defense paradox to be valid, plant traits that affect larval development time and tissue loss must be positively correlated genetically within natural plant populations. In this study, we examined the relationship between larval development time of the beetle Trirhabda virgata LeConte (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) and plant tissue loss by its host plant Solidago altissima L. (Asteraceae). Plant genets on which the larval development time was longer ended up losing less leaf area than plant genets that allowed quicker larval development. This negative genetic correlation contradicts the common assumption that greater sublethal resistance leads to increased tissue loss. Combined with other hypothesized benefits of sublethal resistance, this result suggests that antiperformance traits may constitute a more potent form of resistance than is generally acknowledged.
The Nutritional Value of Edible Freshwater Alga Cladophora sp. (Chlorophyta) Grown under Different Phosphorus Concentrations

Culture of an edible freshwater alga Cladophora sp. was subjected to phosphorus (P) supply (1.07-14.78 mg L -1 of PO4-P) in order to determine its proximate compositions, vitamins, minerals and carotenoid compositions. The alga was mass cultured by using 10% of canteen wastewater with the addition of di-potassium hydrogen orthophosphate at the concentrations of 0, 5, 10, 15 and 20 mg L -1 . The results showed that with increased P concentration, protein, vitamin A, P, β-carotene, lutein and zeaxanthin contents increased but carbohydrate content decreased indicating that P supply could enhance carotenoid production and some nutritional values of this alga. © 2011 Friends Science Publishers
The Effect of Kahoot Web-Based Learning on Learning Skills of Pharmacy Students: The Trend in Clinical Pharmacokinetics Course for 2 Generations

Background: Kahoot is a web-based learning that uses worldwide in the education field. From the review literature, lecture with a Kahoot web-based learning will improve the learning skill. However, there have been a few studies of using Kahoot web-based learning in pharmacy education. Therefore, the aim of this study is to compare pre-and post -learning skill using Kahoot web-based learning and observe the trend of effect for 2 generations. Method: Pre-and Posttest was established in Clinical Pharmacokinetics class of 5th year Pharmacy Students for 2 consecutive generations. Before class, the students did the questionnaire to evaluate learning skill and then this group was beginning to enroll the class using Kahoot web-based learning. The 8 dimensions of learning skills; Literacy, Numeracy, Reasoning, Creative problem solving, Critical thinking, Collaborative, Communication and Computing were evaluated. The trend of effect was observed. Results: The data from 21 Pharmacy Students (11 from year 2016, 10 from year 2017) who enroll Clinical Pharmacokinetics course in topic “Therapeutic Drug Monitoring of Aminoglycosides” shown that improved of 8 dimension skills scores after learning with Kahoot web-based as follow (Mean ± SD); Literacy (3.29 ± 0.64 vs 4.19 ± 0.40), Numeracy (3.24 ± 0.83 vs 4.05 ± 0.50), Reasoning (3.29 ± 0.56 vs 4.19 ± 0.40), Creative problem thinking (3.05 ± 0.59 vs 4.19+ 0.60), Critical thinking (3.10 ± 0.70 vs 4.10 ± 0.62), Collaborative (3.19 ± 0.75 vs 4.19 ± 0.40), Communication (3.24 ± 0.62 vs 4.24 ± 0.44) and Computing (3.14 ± 0.73 vs 4.00 ± 0.62). The separate analysis results had the same trends. Conclusion: From the results, Kahoot webbased leaning could improve learning skill in Pharmacy Students. The effects consist in 2 generations. However, the confirmation study in the large group also needed.
Statistical Learning Using Real-World Scenes

Recent work has shown that observers can parse streams of syllables, tones, or visual shapes and learn statistical regularities in them without conscious intent (e.g., learn that A is always followed by B). Here, we demonstrate that these statistical-learning mechanisms can operate at an abstract, conceptual level. In Experiments 1 and 2, observers incidentally learned which semantic categories of natural scenes covaried (e.g., kitchen scenes were always followed by forest scenes). In Experiments 3 and 4, category learning with images of scenes transferred to words that represented the categories. In each experiment, the category of the scenes was irrelevant to the task. Together, these results suggest that statistical-learning mechanisms can operate at a categorical level, enabling generalization of learned regularities using existing conceptual knowledge. Such mechanisms may guide learning in domains as disparate as the acquisition of causal knowledge and the development of cognitive maps from environmental exploration.
The Argument Structure of Morphological Causatives

It is argued here on the basis of material from a number of different languages that the derivation of morphological causatives involves reference to semantic (thematic) relations, and that the derivational relationship is subject to universal principles governing the distribution of semantic relations, notably the role criterion. The causative relationship does not at all invoke grammatical relations – as in Comrie’s (1975) or (1985) formulations – or relations based on configuration or linear precedence. This is in accord with the position that such non-semantic relations are not part of argument structure (Anderson 1997). Reference to grammatical relations in the formulation of such a morphological relationship also falls foul of the absence of a general theory of objecthood and object type; and any apparent language-particular reference of this kind – such as might be extrapolated from Rosen’s contention that the case marking of the non-subject arguments of causatives patterns ‘exactly as case marking does in VPs in general in the language’ (1990: 220) – is, in so far as it is appropriate, derivative of a general formulation based on semantic relations. Morphological causatives based on non-intransitives involve the addition of a locative relation to the ergative (and so subject) argument of the base verb or the conferring of circumstantial status on it. The first of these gives a derived transitive an argument structure like that of a ditransitive, which underlies the observed case-marking. A concluding suggestion extends the locative-adding formulation to intransitivebased forms. It is also argued that syntactically-based ‘clause-union’ analyses are undesirable; instead, the morphological rule deriving causatives increases the syntactic potential of the verb. *
Development and use of an automated on-the-go soil nitrate mapping system

Ontwikkeling van een apparaat, dat al rijdend bodemnitraat in kaart brengt. Het systeem SNMS werkt alektromechanisch en neemt automatisch een bodemmonster (op 0- 15 cm diepte), dat mewngt het monster met water en meet ter plekke de nitraatconcentratie. Op elke bemonseringsplek wordt met GPS de gegevens van de plek verzameld, waarna een nitraatkaart gemaakt kan worden. Het SNMS bestaat uit 6 onderdelen: 1. bodembemonstering; 2. een systeem dat grond afmeet en transporteert; 3. een apparaat dat de nitraatextractie en nitraatbepaling uitvoert; 4. auto-calibratie; 5 control panle; 6. GPS
Habitat use pattern and conservation status of smooth–coated otters Lutrogale perspicillata in the Upper Ganges Basin, India

Modelo de uso del habitat y estado de conservacion de las nutrias lisas Lutrogale perspicillata en la zona alta de la cuenca del Ganges, India Las nutrias lisas habitan en varios sistemas fluviales importantes del Asia meridional y sus necesidades medioambientales las vinculan con problemas de seguridad alimentaria e hidrica, debido a la elevada densidad de humanos. La falta de datos de referencia sobre su distribucion y ecologia es otra limitacion notable que la especie esta afrontando en la India. El presente estudio se vio impulsado por el rapido descenso de la poblacion de nutrias en el pais y se centra en estimar el estado de conservacion, el modelo de uso del habitat y las amenazas asociadas en la zona alta de la cuenca del rio Ganges (Asia septentrional). Nuestros resultados contribuyen a comprender mejor las complejas interacciones ecologicas y a elaborar medidas de conservacion eficaces. Junto con las preferencias de habitat, en el estudio tambien se informa sobre nuevas ubicaciones en la distribucion de la especie. Asimismo se ponen de relieve las deficiencias existentes en la conservacion de la especie y se sugieren las zonas cuya ordenacion deberia ser prioritaria.
The Golden Rule of Reviewing

A major bottleneck in the time required to publish a scientific or scholarly paper is the speed with which reviews by peers are returned to journals. Peer review is a reciprocal altruistic system in which each individual may perform every task—editors, reviewers, and authors—at different times. Journals have no way to coerce reviewers to return their critiques faster. To greatly shorten the time to publication, all actors in this altruistic network should abide by the Golden Rule of Reviewing: review for others as you would have others review for you. Say yes to reviewing whenever your duties and schedule allow; provide a thorough, fair, and constructive critique of the work; and do it at your first opportunity regardless of the deadline.