Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Poor Lymphocyte Infiltration to Primary Tumors in Acral Lentiginous Melanoma and Mucosal Melanoma Compared to Cutaneous Melanoma

Recent clinical trials have demonstrated the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) for treating melanoma. However, these previous studies comprised mainly Caucasian populations, in which cutaneous melanoma (CM) is the major clinical type. In contrast, Asian populations have a distinct profile of melanoma and show much higher frequencies of acral lentiginous melanoma (ALM) and mucosal melanoma (MCM). Compared with CM, ALM and MCM show poorer response to ICIs, but the mechanisms have not been fully understood. To evaluate the immune status in each melanoma subtype, we examined the number of total tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), CD4+ TILs, CD8+ TILs, and tumor-infiltrating FoxP3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) to evaluate the immune status in each melanoma subtype using data from 137 patients with melanoma. Total TIL numbers in ALM and MCM were significantly lower than that in CM. CD4+ TIL number in MCM was also lower than CM although CD4+ TIL number in ALM was comparable with CM. In contrast, CD8+ TIL numbers in both ALM and MCM were significantly lower than that in CM. Although number of tumor-infiltrating Tregs was comparable among the 3 subtypes, the proportion of tumor-infiltrating Tregs in CD4+ T cells in MCM was significantly higher than in CM and ALM. Multivariate regression analysis revealed that ALM and MCM were significantly associated with a lower total TIL number, but only MCM was significantly associated with a lower CD4+ TIL number. Multivariate regression analysis also revealed that both ALM and MCM were significantly associated with a lower CD8+ TIL number. Our results suggest that both ALM and MCM are independent factors of lower total TIL number, which may be associated with poorer responses to ICIs in ALM and MCM.
Changes in Muscle Stress and Sarcomere Adaptation in Mice Following Ischemic Stroke

While abnormal muscle tone has been observed in people with stroke, how these changes in muscle tension affect sarcomere morphology remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to examine time-course changes in passive muscle fiber tension and sarcomeric adaptation to these changes post-ischemic stroke in a mouse model by using a novel in-vivo force microscope. Twenty-one mice were evenly divided into three groups based on the time point of testing: 3 days (D3), 10 days (D10), and 20 days (D20) following right middle cerebral artery ligation. At each testing time, the muscle length, width, and estimated volume of the isolated soleus muscle were recorded, subsequently followed by in-vivo muscle tension and sarcomere length measurement. The mass of the soleus muscle was measured at the end of testing to calculate muscle density. Two-way ANOVA with repeated measures was used to examine the differences in each of the dependent variable among the three time-point groups and between the two legs. The passive muscle stress of the impaired limbs in the D3 group (27.65 ± 8.37 kPa) was significantly lower than the less involved limbs (42.03 ± 18.61 kPa; p = 0.05) and the impaired limbs of the D10 (48.92 ± 14.73; p = 0.03) and D20 (53.28 ± 20.54 kPa; p = 0.01) groups. The soleus muscle density of the impaired limbs in the D3 group (0.69 ± 0.12 g/cm3) was significantly lower than the less involved limbs (0.80 ± 0.09 g/cm3; p = 0.04) and the impaired limbs of the D10 (0.87 ± 0.12 g/cm3; p = 0.02) and D20 (1.00 ± 0.14 g/cm3; p < 0.01) groups. The D3 group had a shorter sarcomere length (2.55 ± 0.26 μm) than the D10 (2.83 ± 0.20 μm; p = 0.03) and D20 group (2.81 ± 0.15 μm; p = 0.04). These results suggest that, while ischemic stroke may cause considerable changes in muscle tension and stress, sarcomere additions under increased mechanical loadings may be absent or disrupted post-stroke, which may contribute to muscle spasticity and/or joint contracture commonly observed in patients following stroke.
A Pan-Cancer Study of Epidermal Growth Factor-Like Domains 6/7/8 as Therapeutic Targets in Cancer

With highly homologous epidermal growth factor (EGF)-like (EGFL) domains, the members of the EGFL family play crucial roles in growth, invasion, and metastasis of tumors and are closely associated with the apoptosis of tumor cells and tumor angiogenesis. Furthermore, their contribution to immunoreaction and tumor microenvironment is highly known. In this study, a comprehensive analysis of EGFL6, −7, and −8 was performed on the basis of their expression profiles and their relationship with the rate of patient survival. Through a pan-cancer study, their effects were correlated with immune subtypes, tumor microenvironment, and drug resistance. Using The Cancer Genome Atlas pan-cancer data, expression profiles of EGFL6, −7, and −8, and their association with the patient survival rate and tumor microenvironment were analyzed in 33 types of cancers. The expression of the EGFL family was different in different cancer types, revealing the heterogeneity among cancers. The results showed that the expression of EGFL8 was lower than EGFL6 and EGFL7 among all cancer types, wherein EGFL7 had the highest expression. The univariate Cox proportional hazard regression model showed that EGFL6 and EGFL7 were the risk factors to predict poor prognosis of cancers. Survival analysis was then used to verify the relationship between gene expression and patient survival. Furthermore, EGFL6, EGFL7, and EGFL8 genes revealed a clear association with immune infiltrate subtypes; they were also related to the infiltration level of stromal cells and immune cells with different degrees. Moreover, they were negatively correlated with the characteristics of cancer stem cells measured by DNAs and RNAs. In addition, EGFL6, −7, and −8 were more likely to contribute to the resistance of cancer cells. Our systematic analysis of EGFL gene expression and their correlation with immune infiltration, tumor microenvironment, and prognosis of cancer patients emphasized the necessity of studying each EGFL member as a separate entity within each particular type of cancer. Simultaneously, EGFL6, −7, and −8 signals were verified as promising targets for cancer therapies, although further laboratory validation is still required.
Influence of Cereal Rye Management on Weed Control in Soybean

Cereal rye as a cover crop is often used to improve soil health and as part of integrated weed management programs. Despite this, cereal rye biomass is often not managed for optimal weed suppression. This study evaluated the effects of managing cereal rye as part of an integrated weed management strategy in soybean. Factors consisted of levels of cereal rye management (no cereal rye, no nitrogen, or 20 kg/ha of nitrogen); cereal rye termination timing (20 or 10 d before soybean planting); and residual herbicide treatment applied at cereal rye termination (with or without). Winter annual weed control with cereal rye was generally greater compared to no cereal rye. Winter annual weed control was consistently better when cereal rye was terminated at 20 d before soybean planting compared to 10 d; while summer annual weed control was improved if termination was delayed. Effect of cereal rye management on summer annual weed control varied by weed species. In the absence of residual herbicides, Palmer amaranth control responded to the different levels of cereal rye management. However, morningglory spp. only responded to rye with supplemental N applications. Large crabgrass control was similar for treatments containing cereal rye, regardless of nitrogen input. Our results demonstrate the importance of cover crop management when incorporating cereal rye into an integrated weed management program for soybean.
Clubroot Symptoms and Resting Spore Production in a Doubled Haploid Population of Oilseed Rape (Brassica napus) Are Controlled by Four Main QTLs

Clubroot, caused by Plasmodiophora brassicae Woronin, is one of the most important diseases of oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.). The rapid erosion of monogenic resistance in clubroot-resistant (CR) varieties underscores the need to diversify resistance sources controlling disease severity and traits related to pathogen fitness, such as resting spore production. The genetic control of disease index (DI) and resting spores per plant (RSP) was evaluated in a doubled haploid (DH) population consisting of 114 winter oilseed rape lines, obtained from the cross ‘Aviso’ × ‘Montego,’ inoculated with P. brassicae isolate “eH. ” Linkage analysis allowed the identification of three quantitative trait loci (QTLs) controlling DI (PbBn_di_A02, PbBn_di_A04, and PbBn_di_C03). A significant decrease in DI was observed when combining effects of the three resistance alleles at these QTLs. Only one QTL, PbBn_rsp_C03, was found to control RSP, reducing resting spore production by 40%. PbBn_rsp_C03 partially overlapped with PbBn_di_C03 in a nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat (NLR) gene-containing region. Consideration of both DI and RSP in breeding for clubroot resistance is recommended for the long-term management of this disease.
Evaluation of Online Information in University Students: Development and Scaling of the Screening Instrument EVON

As Internet sources provide information of varying quality, it is an indispensable prerequisite skill to evaluate the relevance and credibility of online information. Based on the assumption that competent individuals can use different properties of information to assess its relevance and credibility, we developed the EVON (evaluation of online information), an interactive computer-based test for university students. The developed instrument consists of eight items that assess the skill to evaluate online information in six languages. Within a simulated search engine environment, students are requested to select the most relevant and credible link for a respective task. To evaluate the developed instrument, we conducted two studies: (1) a pre-study for quality assurance and observing the response process (cognitive interviews of n = 8 students) and (2) a main study aimed at investigating the psychometric properties of the EVON and its relation to other variables (n = 152 students). The results of the pre-study provided first evidence for a theoretically sound test construction with regard to students’ item processing behavior. The results of the main study showed acceptable psychometric outcomes for a standardized screening instrument with a small number of items. The item design criteria affected the item difficulty as intended, and students’ choice to visit a website had an impact on their task success. Furthermore, the probability of task success was positively predicted by general cognitive performance and reading skill. Although the results uncovered a few weaknesses (e.g., a lack of difficult items), and the efforts of validating the interpretation of EVON outcomes still need to be continued, the overall results speak in favor of a successful test construction and provide first indication that the EVON assesses students’ skill in evaluating online information in search engine environments.
Female Earnings Inequality: The Changing Role of Family Characteristics and Its Effect on the Extensive and Intensive Margins

Using data for three cohorts of women in the PSID, we show that annual earnings inequality fell sharply between the late 1960s and the mid-1990s, with a large decline in the component attributable to the extensive margin. We then fit earnings-generating models that incorporate both intensive- and extensive-margin dynamics to data for the three cohorts. Our models suggest that more than 80% of the decline in female earnings inequality can be attributed to a weakening of the link between family-based factors (i.e., children and the presence and incomes of partners) and the intensive and extensive margins of earnings determination.
Quantifying the importance and location of SARS-CoV-2 transmission events in large metropolitan areas

Detailed characterizations of SARS-CoV-2 transmission risk across different social settings can inform the design of targeted and less disruptive non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPI), yet these data have been lacking. Here we integrate real-time, anonymous and privacy-enhanced geolocalized mobility data with census and demographic data in the New York City and Seattle metropolitan areas to build a detailed agent-based model of SARS-CoV-2 transmission. The aim is to estimate where, when, and how many transmission events happened in those urban areas during the first wave of the pandemic. We estimate that most infections (80%) are produced by a small number of people (27%), and that about 10% of events can be considered super-spreading events (SSEs), i.e. generating more than eight secondary infections. Although mass gatherings present an important risk for future SSEs, we find that the bulk of transmission in the first wave occurred in smaller events at settings like workplaces, grocery stores, or food venues. We also observe that places where the majority of transmission and SSEs happened changed during the pandemic and are different across cities, a signal of the large underlying behavioral component underneath them. Our results demonstrate that constant real-time tracking of transmission events is needed to create, evaluate, and refine more effective and localized measures to contain the pandemic.
Hubungan Strategi Promosi dengan Keputusan Pembelian Gadget

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara strategi promosi dengan keputusan membeli gadget pada konsumen di toko Suryaphone Samarinda. Penelitian ini terdiri dari dua variabel yaitu variabel terikat, keputusan pembelian, dan variabel bebas yaitu strategi promosi. Teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan Quota Sampling. Sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah 80 konsumen Suryaphone Samarinda. Teknik analisis data dalam penelitian ini menggunakan metode analisis korelasi product moment untuk mengetahui hubungan antara satu variabel bebas (X) atau lebih dengan variabel terikat (Y). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara hubungan strategi promosi dengan keputusan pembelian gadget pada toko Suryaphone Samarinda dengan nilai korelasi sebesar 0, 500 dan p = 0,000.
QFEA - A Method for Assessing the Filtration Efficiency of Face Mask Materials for Early Design Prototypes and Home Mask Makers

The COVID-19 pandemic has led to a surge in the design and production of fabric face coverings. There are few published methods which enable mask designers, makers and purchasers to assess the relative filtration ability of mask making materials. Those methods which do exist are prohibitively expensive and difficult to conduct. As a result, mask makers, non-profits, and small-scale designers face difficult decisions when designing face coverings for personal and commercial use. In this paper, we propose a novel method, the Qualitative Filtration Efficiency Assessment (QFEA), for easily and inexpensively comparing the filtration efficiency of common materials. This method provides a highly affordable and readily available way to assess potential mask materials.
Visual word recognition relies on an orthographic prediction error signal

Current cognitive models of reading assume that word recognition involves the 9bottom-up9 assembly of perceived low-level visual features into letters, letter combinations, and words. This rather inefficient strategy, however, is incompatible with neurophysiological theories of Bayesian-like predictive neural computations during perception. Here we propose that prior knowledge of the words in a language is used to 9explain away9 redundant and highly expected parts of the percept. As a result, subsequent processing stages operate upon an optimized representation highlighting information relevant for word identification, i.e., the orthographic prediction error. We demonstrate empirically that the orthographic prediction error accounts for word recognition behavior. We then report neurophysiological data showing that this informationally optimized orthographic prediction error is processed around 200 ms after word-onset in the occipital cortex. The remarkable efficiency of reading, thus, is achieved by optimizing the mental representation of the visual percept, based on prior visual-orthographic knowledge.
Aurora B is required for programmed variations of cytokinesis during morphogenesis in the C. elegans embryo

While cytokinesis has been intensely studied, how it is executed during development is not well understood, despite a long-standing appreciation that various aspects of cytokinesis vary across cell and tissue types. To address this, we investigated cytokinesis during the invariant C. elegans embryo lineage and found several reproducibly altered parameters at different stages. During early divisions, furrow ingression asymmetry and midbody inheritance is consistent, suggesting specific regulation of these events. During morphogenesis, we find several unexpected alterations including migration of midbodies to the apical surface during epithelial polarization in different tissues. Aurora B kinase, which is essential for several aspects of cytokinesis, remains localized to the apical membrane after internalization of other midbody components. Inactivation of Aurora B causes cytokinesis failure, which disrupts polarization and tissue formation. Therefore, cytokinesis shows surprising diversity during development and is required during epithelial polarization to establish cellular architecture during morphogenesis.
The contribution of psychiatric risk alleles to a general liability to psychopathology in early life

Background. Psychiatric disorders show phenotypic as well as genetic overlaps. Factor analyses of child and adult psychopathology have found that phenotypic overlaps can be largely explained by a latent general factor that reflects general liability to psychopathology. We investigated whether shared genetic liability across disorders would be reflected in associations between multiple different psychiatric polygenic risk scores (PRS) and a ‘general psychopathology’ factor in childhood. Methods. The sample was a UK, prospective, population-based cohort (ALSPAC), including data on psychopathology at ages 7 (N=8161) and 13 (N=7017) years. PRS were generated from large published genome-wide association studies. Results. A general psychopathology factor was associated with both schizophrenia PRS and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) PRS, whereas there was no strong evidence of association for major depressive disorder (MDD) and autism spectrum disorder PRS. Schizophrenia and MDD PRS also showed association with a specific emotional problems factor and ADHD PRS were associated with a specific neurodevelopmental factor. Conclusions. Our findings suggest that common variant genetic liability to schizophrenia and ADHD may contribute to shared genetic risks across childhood psychiatric diagnoses at least partly via association with a ‘general psychopathology’ factor, whereas genetic liability for MDD appears to contribute more specifically to an emotional factor in childhood.
INVESTIGATION OF POINTS SAMPLING STRATEGIES IN CASE OF FLATNESS

Використання геометричних допусків в промисловості набуває все більшого значення, але для правильного їх застосування потрібно більш глибоке розуміння. Слід враховувати кілька аспектів, таких як робота продукту, властивості матеріалу, умови виробництва і вимірювання, а також правила, що стосуються стандартів. У статті представлені проблеми вимірювання та оцінки на прикладі площинності. Досліджується вплив різних стратегій точкової вибірки: порівнюються дванадцять методів в разі восьми випробувальних поверхонь, і пропонується метод модифікації. Помилка площинності, заснована на стандарті, може бути розрахована декількома способами. У цьому дослідженні був використаний метод мінімальної зони. При використанні методу мінімальної зони (MZ) необхідно визначити орієнтацію двох паралельних площин, які охоплюють хмару виміряних точок з мінімальною відстанню. Ця відстань повинна бути зіставлена з допуском. Досліджувані випробувальні деталі були виготовлені з попередньо загартованої сталі. Були проаналізовані 8 випробувальних поверхонь, які були оброблені різними методами обробки і параметрами різання. Були застосовані технології фрезерування, точіння і шліфування. Виміряна хмара точок була здобута за допомогою координатно-вимірювальної машини Mitutoyo Crysta-Plus 544. 1020 точок були записані з сіткою 5x5 мм. Контрольні значення помилки площинності були визначені ітераційним методом. На підставі результатів, наведених у статті, було виявлено, що шорсткість поверхні і площинність рухаються паралельно. Шорсткість поверхні в різних напрямках вимірювання може бути дуже різною. Відносне стандартне відхилення визначається технологією обробки. Стратегія точкової вибірки впливає на результат оцінки площинності. Представлений метод може бути поширений на більшу кількість технологій обробки, а також може бути вказаний коефіцієнт модифікації. Розмір плоскої поверхні може бути ще одним важливим фактором для оцінки площинності, тому його слід враховувати при подальших дослідженнях.
Corporate Governance and Firm Performance in Indian Textile Companies: Evidence from NSE 500

This article endeavours to study the relationship between corporate governance and performance for a sample of 11 textile firms listed on Nifty 500 Index in India. The article examines whether the board characteristics have any impact on performance measures. The data covers the time period from 2014 to 2018. The study uses board size, board meetings, board independence as corporate governance surrogates from different dimensions along with other widely uses of independent variables to assess their impact in a panel data-based regression. The findings provide mixed results between the board characteristics and the firm performance. Board size and firm performance is statistically significant with return on assets and Tobin’s Q. Whereas, board independence, board meetings and CEO duality are not statistically significant with both accounting-based measure of performance and market-based measure of performance. The article provides empirical evidence that board independence, board meetings and CEO duality is not necessary for listed textile companies in India and would be of interest to regulatory bodies, business practitioners and academic researchers. The main value of this article is the analysis of the effect of corporate governance on performance measures on listed Indian textile industries.
Institutional Ownership and Corporate Social Performance in Emerging Economies Multinationals: Evidence from India

This study fills the gap in the literature by considering the heterogeneous impact of institutional ownership on various dimensions of corporate social performance (CSP). Using the behavioural risk agency perspective, we argue that the risk behaviour of various institutional owners is not the same towards the CSP. We have taken a balanced panel sample of 61 Indian multinational firms for the span of 2013–2018 to test the proposed hypotheses. Results show a negative association of pressure-sensitive institutional investors’ ownership with social and governance dimensions of CSP. Mutual funds ownership is positively associated with the social and governance dimensions of CSP. Foreign institutional investors ownership has no significant impact on CSP. We found that the environmental dimension of CSP is ignored by institutional owners. The moderating effect of firm internationalisation on the relationship between institutional ownership and CSP is also examined.