Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Building-damage detection using post-seismic high-resolution SAR satellite data

Radar satellite imagery was valuable in supporting extensive rescue operations after the Wenchuan Earthquake on 12 May 2008 due to its ability to operate independently of weather conditions, day and night. However, it is a challenging task to identify damaged or destroyed buildings using synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data. The standard procedure for identifying damaged buildings is to use change detection by comparing post-seismic to pre-seismic images, but almost no archived high-resolution SAR images were available of the rather remote area damaged by the Wenchuan Earthquake. Building-damage assessment using only post-event SAR images was therefore necessary to assess the areas of damage. In this paper, theoretical assumptions about the appearance of collapsed buildings in high-resolution SAR images were drawn and verified with visual feature interpretations of real SAR images from the area.
Depositional environment of the Upper Cretaceous orbitolinid-rich microfacies in the Kuh-e Mazar anticline (Kerman Province, Central Iran)

This study is focused on the depositional model and paleoenvironmental distribution patterns of orbitolinids-rich microfacies in an Upper Cretaceous carbonate succession in the Kuh-e Mazar anticline in Kerman Province, Central Iran. Twelve microfacies indicating a tidal flat (including intertidal and supratidal) and an inner ramp (consisting of subtidal lagoon and orbitolinid–rudist barrier shoal) belonging to a shallow-water ramp-type carbonate platform were recognised. Generally, the orbitolinid associations in the carbonate ramp are indicative of shallow warm waters with normal salinity. The occurrence and abundance of thick or conical orbitolinids in both shoal and lagoon show that such associations were well adapted to different environmental conditions including different depth, substrate stability and water energy. The slightly discoidal, almost discoidal and discoidal forms were only present in the deeper depths of the environment including the lagoon with muddy and more stable substrates and lower water energy. However, the orbitolinids in the inner part of the carbonate ramp were scarce or almost absent in the deep inner to middle lagoon due to the deep restricted environmental conditions unfavourable for benthic marine life.
Some supracrustal (S-type) granites of the Lachlan Fold Belt

ABSTRACT S-type granites have properties that are a result of their derivation from sedimentary source rocks. Slightly more than half of the granites exposed in the Lachlan Fold Belt of southeastern Australia are of this type. These S-type rocks occur in all environments ranging from an association with migmatites and high grade regional metamorphic rocks, through an occurrence as large batholiths, to those occurring as related volcanic rocks. The association with high grade metamorphic rocks is uncommon. Most of the S-type granites were derived from deeper parts of the crust and emplaced at higher levels; hence their study provides insights into the nature of that deeper crust. Only source rocks that contain enough of the granite-forming elements (Si, Al, Na and K) to provide substantial quantities of melt can produce magmas and there is therefore a fertile window in the composition of these sedimentary rocks corresponding to feldspathic greywacke, from which granite magmas may be formed. In this paper, three contrasting S-type granite suites of the Lachlan Fold Belt are discussed. Firstly, the Cooma Granodiorite occurs within a regional metamorphic complex and is associated with migmatites. It has isotopic and chemical features matching those of the widespread Ordovician sediments that occur in the fold belt. Secondly, the S-type granites of the Bullenbalong Suite are found as voluminous contact-aureole and subvolcanic granites, with volcanic equivalents. These granites are all cordierite-bearing and have low Na2O, CaO and Sr, high Ni, strongly negative εNd and high 87Sr/86Sr, all indicative of S-type character. However, the values of these parameters are not as extreme as for the Cooma Granodiorite. Evidence is discussed to show that these granites were derived from a less mature, unexposed, deeper and older sedimentary source. Other hypotheses such as basalt mixing are discussed and can be ruled out. The Strathbogie Suite granites are more felsic but all are cordierite-bearing and have chemical and other features indicative of an immature sedimentary source. They are closely associated with cordierite-bearing volcanic rocks. The more felsic nature of the suite results in part from crystal fractionation. It is suggested that the magma may have entered this “crystal fractionation” stage of evolution because it was a slightly higher temperature magma produced from an even less mature sediment than the Bullenbalong Suite. The production of these S-type magmas is discussed in terms of vapour-absent melting of metagreywackes involving both muscovite and biotite. The production of a magma in this way is consistent with the low H2O contents and geological setting of S-type granites and volcanic rocks in the Lachlan Fold Belt.
MJO‐related summer cooling and phytoplankton blooms in the South China Sea in recent years

The Madden‐Julian Oscillation (MJO) is a well known atmospheric phenomenon in the equatorial zone. We investigated interaction between the MJO and oceanic phenomena in the South China Sea (SCS). Sea surface temperature (SST) variability at 30–60 day periods is relatively strong off the South Vietnam coast in the central SCS. A cross‐wavelet analysis for the SST off the Vietnam coast and a MJO index reveal significant large covariance at 30–60 day periods in the summers of 2000–2002. Regressed maps of the SST and wind fields on the MJO index in these summers demonstrate that the intensification of southwesterly monsoon and resultant SST cooling occur with the MJO in the SCS. Chlorophyll‐a over the cooling center also oscillates in sync with the MJO and the cooling. It is thus found that the MJO‐related wind fields can induce the cooling and phytoplankton bloom off the South Vietnam coast in specific summers.
Regionalization of transit time estimates in montane catchments by integrating landscape controls

Mean transit time (MTT) is being increasingly used as a metric of hydrological function in intercatchment comparisons. Estimating MTT usually involves relating the temporally varying input concentration of a conservative tracer to the signal in the stream using various transfer functions as transit time distributions (TTDs). Most studies have been confined to data collection periods of 1–2 years at single sites, often limiting the transferability of the findings as such short periods usually only capture a narrow range of climatic variability within a spatially restricted area. In this study, we use longer‐term (up to 17 years) weekly input‐output relationships of Cl− to estimate MTTs using a range of TTD models in 20 headwater catchments (ranging from <1 to 35 km2) in seven geomorphologically and climatically distinct parts of the Scottish Highlands. The MTTs obtained from a Gamma distribution model were the best identified and ranged from about 50 to 1700 days for individual catchments. The MTTs, in conjunction with GIS analysis of landscape characteristics and climatic indices, allowed the development of a robust multiple‐regression model to establish the relative importance of different landscape and climate controls on MTTs. The best model combines the prediction variables percent responsive soil cover, drainage density, precipitation intensity, and topographic wetness index and yields R2adj = 0.88. Cross validation shows small absolute error, suggesting that the model can be used to estimate MTTs in ungauged headwater catchments throughout the Scottish Highlands and potentially in similar regions where comparable information is available.
Corals of Australia and the Indo-Pacific

This gorgeous reference was originally published in 1986 (North Ryde, NSW, Australia: Angus & Robertson) and received the Australian National Awards Whitley Medal for Best Natural History book in 1988. It provides a means of identifying some 1,000 species of coral in all areas of Oceania and Southea
Denoising Hyperspectral Imagery Using Principal Component Analysis and Block-Matching 4D Filtering

Abstract In this article, we propose a new method for denoising hyperspectral imagery. Hyperspectral imagery normally contains a small amount of noise, which can hardly be seen by human eyes thanks to its relatively high signal-to-noise ratio. However, in many remote sensing applications, this amount of noise is still troublesome. In this study, we first perform principal component analysis (PCA) to the hyperspectral data cube to be denoised in order to separate the fine features from the noise in the hyperspectral data cube. Because the first few PCA output channels contain the majority of information in the hyperspectral data cube, we do not denoise these PCA output channel images. We use the block-matching 4D (BM4D) filtering to reduce the noise in the remaining low-energy noisy PCA output channel images. Finally, an inverse PCA transform is performed in order to obtain the denoised hyperspectral data cube. Experimental results show that our proposed method in this work is very competitive when compared with existing methods for hyperspectral imagery denoising. Résumé Dans cet article, nous proposons une nouvelle méthode pour le débruitage d’imagerie hyperspectrale. L’imagerie hyperspectrale contient normalement une petite quantité de bruit, qui peut difficilement être vu à l’œil nu à cause de son rapport signal sur bruit relativement élevé. Cependant, dans de nombreuses applications de télédétection, cette quantité de bruit est gênante. Dans cet article, nous réalisons d’abord une analyse en composantes principales (ACP; «PCA») sur le cube de données hyperspectrales qui sera débruité afin de séparer les traits fins du bruit dans ce cube de données hyperspectrales. Parce que les premières composantes de l’ACP contiennent la majorité de l’information du cube de données hyperspectrales, nous n’avons pas débruité ces sorties de l’ACP. Nous utilisons le filtrage 4D par mise en correspondance de blocs (« block-matching 4D filtering (BM4D) ») pour réduire le bruit dans les images de composantes principales restantes à basse énergie. Enfin, une transformation inverse de l’ACP est réalisée afin d’obtenir un cube de données hyperspectrales débruité. Les résultats expérimentaux montrent que la méthode proposée dans cet article est très compétitive par rapport aux méthodes existantes pour le débruitage de l’imagerie hyperspectrale.
SOURCE ( OR PART OF THE FOLLOWING SOURCE ) : Type Dissertation Title A multi-scale approach for deciphering HIV infection

Copyright It is not permitted to download or to forward/distribute the text or part of it without the consent of the author(s) and/or copyright holder(s), other than for strictly personal, individual use. UvA-DARE is a service provided by the library of the University of Amsterdam (http://dare.uva.nl) A complex automata model of HIV-­‐1 co-­‐receptor tropism: Understanding mutation rate pressure, in Reviews in
The shift in forest and tree limits in Troms County - with a main focus on temperature and herbivores

To better understand how various factors affect the establishment of forest and trees around the tree line-ecotone, this study was conducted in Troms County, Norway. The altitude of different forest and tree limits together with the surrounding vegetation type were collected during August 2011. Comparisons of the collected data were made with previously collected data from the same sites conducted 1914 and 1915. On average the forest limit has expanded with 26 meters in altitude, however, an expansion is not statistically significant for the whole area. The tree limit has significantly expanded in altitude. At all weather stations the temperature sum and length of the growing season have increased which is proposed to have positive effects on sapling establishment. There is no significant correlation between the change in sheep density in relation to the shift in forest and tree limit. The shift in reindeer density did not correspond to the shift of forest limit, but to the shift in tree limit. However the coefficient of determination was low which means that reindeer only accounts for a small part of the altitudinal shift. At many sites where the tree limit has expanded, reindeer density has declined which might have provided for new plants to establish and older to grow in size. The altitude of the forest and tree limits increases with increasing distance to the coast, most likely due to the degree of maritimity. It should also be noted that the magnitude of the shift in the limits, decrease with increasing distance to the coast. With reduced amount of reindeers and increased temperature vegetation changes have occurred. The amount of birch forest has increased, most likely, in expense of declined willow-thickets. Also abundance of alpine lichen/moss heath has increased, which might be a result of reduced grazing by reindeers.
Optimizing Clinical Diabetes Diagnosis through Generative Adversarial Networks: Evaluation and Validation

The escalating prevalence of Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) represents a substantial burden on global healthcare systems, especially in regions such as Mexico. Existing diagnostic techniques, although effective, often require invasive procedures and labor-intensive efforts. The promise of artificial intelligence and data science for streamlining and enhancing T2D diagnosis is well-recognized; however, these advancements are frequently constrained by the limited availability of comprehensive patient datasets. To mitigate this challenge, the present study investigated the efficacy of Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) for augmenting existing T2D patient data, with a focus on a Mexican cohort. The researchers utilized a dataset of 1019 Mexican nationals, divided into 499 non-diabetic controls and 520 diabetic cases. GANs were applied to create synthetic patient profiles, which were subsequently used to train a Random Forest (RF) classification model. The study’s findings revealed a notable improvement in the model’s diagnostic accuracy, validating the utility of GAN-based data augmentation in a clinical context. The results bear significant implications for enhancing the robustness and reliability of Machine Learning tools in T2D diagnosis and management, offering a pathway toward more timely and effective patient care.
Long‐term memory of the hydrological cycle and river runoffs in China in a high‐resolution climate model

The hydrological cycle in China is analysed on the basis of a 250‐years present‐day climate simulation with a high‐resolution (T63, ≈2° × 2° ) coupled atmosphere‐ocean circulation model (ECHAM5/MPI‐OM). The analysis of the annual data in the model simulation reveals long‐term memory (LTM) on decadal time scales in some components of the hydrological cycle. LTM is characterised by a scaling exponent β > 0 in the power spectrum S(f) ∼ f−β for low frequencies f and is determined by detrended fluctuation analysis (DFA). The simulated annual precipitation and atmospheric near‐surface temperature fields show, as in the observations, a white low‐frequency spectrum and, hence, no long‐term memory in East Asia. However, simulated river flows of the Yangtze and the Huang He reveal LTM with scaling exponents β = 0.3–0.4 (similar to the observations and that of the river Nile) extending beyond the decadal time scale. The model soil temperature indicates restricted memory up to time scales of approximately 30 years. In addition, the model's soil wetness, evaporation, and local runoff show memory on this time scale in a zonal belt at the latitude of Mongolia. Copyright © 2006 Royal Meteorological Society.
Three-Year Overall Survival of Advanced Stage ALK-Positive NSCLC at a Single Clinical Setting in Indonesia

Background: ALK-positive Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) is a rare condition predominantly observed in much younger non-smokers with adenocarcinoma histology, often accompanied by brain metastases. Despite its unique features, there is a lack of data concerning the treatment of ALK-positive NSCLC in Indonesia. Therefore, this study represented the first attempt to document the treatment landscape for ALK-positive NSCLC in the country. The available ALK inhibitors included crizotinib, alectinib, brigatinib, and lorlatinib, and none of these were listed under the Indonesian Universal Health Coverage as of September 2022. This study aimed to characterize survival outcomes of ALK-positive NSCLC patients treated within a specialized thoracic oncology practice in Indonesia.Methods: The retrospective observational cohort study drew secondary data from medical records of ALK-positive NSCLC patients treated at a private thoracic oncology clinic. Data were collected retrospectively, spanning from December 2019 to December 31, 2022. Exclusion criteria included incomplete data, untreated ALK-positive NSCLC, cases at stage I-III, or diagnoses made after August 2021. The observation period extended up to 36 months, although several patients exceeded 48 months, with one individual currently boasting a 96-month survival.Results: A total of 15 patients with ALK-positive NSCLC were selected as the respondents in this study. The median age stood at 50.8 years, predominantly female, and diagnosed with adenocarcinoma. Predominant sites of metastasis included pleural effusion and brain metastases, and preliminary 36-month survival rates reached 73.3%. The 1-year survival rate was recorded at 100%, while the 2-year overall survival (OS) stood at 80%, aligning closely with global ALK inhibitors clinical trial data.Conclusions: This study provided the first-ever dataset indicating an ALK-positive profile within a singular thoracic oncology clinic in Indonesia. Despite the accessibility constraints of treatments, ALK-positive patients showed comparable total survival to pivotal clinical trial data. This preliminary dataset shed light on the profile and treatment of ALK-positive NSCLC in the country.
Numerical Model Studies of the Martian Mesoscale Circulations

The study objectives were to evaluate by numerical modeling various possible mesoscale circulation on Mars and related atmospheric boundary layer processes. The study was in collaboration with J. Tillman of the University of Washington (who supported the study observationally). Interaction has been made with J. Prusa of Iowa State University in numerical modeling investigation of dynamical effects of topographically-influenced flow. Modeling simulations included evaluations of surface physical characteristics on: (i) the Martian atmospheric boundary layer and (ii) their impact on thermally and dynamically forced mesoscale flows. Special model evaluations were made in support of selection of the Pathfinder landing sites. J. Tillman's finding of VL-2 inter-annual temperature difference was followed by model simulations attempting to point out the forcing for this feature. Publication of the results in the reviewed literature in pending upon completion of the manuscripts in preparation as indicated later.
Improving the Productive Performance of Broiler Chickens Fed on Diets Containing the Mixture “Toxbond Forte”

The current study is conducted to study the use of the mixture called “Toxbond Forte” and its effect on the productive characteristics of broiler chickens in the fields of Kosar Company – Erbil. The experiment took 35 days and it was from 20/7/2022 to 25/8/2022. 120 unsexed chicks from Rose 308 type one day old with an initial weight of 42 ± 3 g per chick have been used in this experiment. The chicks were randomly distributed into 5 treatments with 3 replicates for each treatment 8 birds/repeater. The experimental treatments were as follows: the first treatment T1: control treatment without any additions, the second treatment T2 : adding the compound by 0.5 g / kg of feed, the third treatment T3: adding the compound by 1 g / kg of feed, the fourth treatment T4: adding the compound by 1.5 g / kg of feed, and the fifth treatment T5: adding the compound by 2 g / kg of feed. The results of the analysis showed that there significant differences (P≤ 0.05) in the average body weight in the fourth and fifth week, while the weekly weight was gained in the second, fourth, and fifth weeks. In contrast to that, there were significant differences (P≤ 0.05) in the rate of the weekly feed consumption in the first and fourth weeks, but it was noted that the consumed feed decreased in the fifth week in favor of the additional groups when comparing with the control treatment. Lastly, the research showed that there were no significant differences in the first, second, and third weeks, but there were significant differences (P≤ 0.05) in the fourth and fifth weeks for the additional treatments when compared with the control group in the factor of food conversion.
Diagenetic Sequence Related to Structural History and Petroleum Accumulation: Spindle Field, Colorado

Two Upper Cretaceous marine sandstones have produced 36 million bbl of oil and 164 bcf of gas at Spindle field in the Denver basin of Colorado. The sandstones are offshore bars enclosed in finer grained rocks of the middle Pierre Shale. They were deposited in response to western interior sea-level fluctuations that affected water depths, energy levels, and sediment distribution across structurally controlled sea-floor topography during several intervals of Cretaceous sedimentation. Some of the structures that influenced Pierre deposition are believed to have controlled later emplacement of oil and gas. Preliminary petrographic analysis of the sandstones indicates that four phases of diagenesis have occurred. Early diagenetic events of compaction and formation of authigenic chlorite rims, silica overgrowths, and calcite cement within the sandstones (phases I and II) largely destroyed initially good primary porosity and permeability in these well-sorted sandstones. These early events approximately coincide with the energy-of-formation (^Dgr G°f) related paragenetic sequences in fine to medium-grained, well-sorted marine rocks as reported by other workers. However, later diagenetic events (phases III and IV) clearly record separate phases with no sequential relationship to earlier events. Later diagenetic events of calcite solution to form secondary porosity and partial occlusion of the secondary porosity by authigenic kaolinite and minor illite reflect a change in pore-fluid chemistry believed to be related to vertical migration of acidic fluids from below. Acid water, resulting from dissociation of the CO2 gas produced during degradation of organic matter in the source rocks, is considered a likely solvent for the calcite. Secondary porosity has created the reservoir at Spindle field; elsewhere, thick, originally well-sorted sandstones are tight. Both the acidic fluids and the oil and gas are postulated to have migrated vertically, under pressure related to petroleum generation, into the reservoir along tensional faults and fractures related to a paleostru tural element at depth. Spindle field hydrocarbons represent a combination of stratigraphic and diagenetic trapping. Diagenetic sequences record aspects of the total burial history of a rock that may be combined with other geologic information to give a better understanding of the total burial history. Predictability of timing and mechanism of hydrocarbon emplacement may be enhanced by relating diagenetic sequences to the structural features and history of an area. The diagenetic sequence observed in the sandstones at Spindle field is recognized as a response to structural influence on fluid migration.