Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
EFFECT OF USING SEED COATS ON HYPOGLYCEMIC IN RATS

Celluloses fiber substances were prepared from wheat and hull less barley bran. Sodium hydroxide solution was used and the precipitate was centrifuged and washed by water several time to remove the color in first stage followed by peroxidation in the second stage. The products were washed to pH 6.0 + 0.5 and dried using warm air in an electric oven. The chemical and physical properties of the raw materials and celluloses fiber from all bran are characterized. The results showed that the highest cellulose and insoluble dietary fiber contents found in the celluloses fiber compared with native brans. Also, the water and oil holding capacity were found in the same trend in celluloses fiber. Moreover, the anti-nutrition factors were the lowest in both wheat and barley celluloses fiber. Celluloses fiber from wheat and hull-less barley used as hypoglycemic agent in rats fed on balady bread contained on 5, 10, 15, 20% celluloses seed coats. The results showed that incorporated different levels of celluloses wheat and hull-less barley bran used in balady bread which significant decreased the glucose level in rats from 145.0 to 106.0 mg/100ml in cellulose wheat bran and 151.0 to 110.0 mg/100ml in cellulose barley bran, respectively. Moreover, lipid fractions, i.e. cholesterol, triglyceride and total lipids were significant decreased when the levels of celluloses wheat and hull-less barley bran increased. From the above results, it could be recommended that the balady bread made from 15 and 20% celluloses wheat and barley bran are hypoglycemic agent and reduced lipid fractions in diabetic rats.
Application of Gas Chromatography with the Mass Detector (GC-MS) Technique for Detection of Beeswax Adulteration with Paraffin

Abstract To detect beeswax adulteration with hydrocarbons of alien origin (e.g. paraffin), gas chromatography with mass detector (GC-MS) technique was used. The method has been verified here on beeswax samples with different addition (3, 5, 10, 30, and 50%) of paraffin and validated under the conditions of repeatability and within - laboratory reproducibility. The addition of paraffin to beeswax can already be detected on the basis of an analysis of the chromatograms. The intensity of individual alkane peaks increased with the increase of the amount of paraffin added to the beeswax. This increase was the mostly visible for the alkanes with even numbers of carbon atoms in the molecule: C24H50, C26H54, C28H58, C30H62, C32H66, and C34H70. These observations have also been proven by quantitative analysis performed using the internal standard method. Adding paraffin to beeswax resulted in an increase in the total contents of n-alkanes as well as individual alkanes, and in particular, of the even-numbered alkanes. The addition of paraffin to beeswax also resulted in the appearance of alkanes containing over 35 carbon atoms in the molecule, which were not detected in beeswax. The method for determination of beeswax hydrocarbons with the GC-MS technique is characterised by satisfactory repeatability and within-laboratory reproducibility. This method can be used for the detection of beeswax adulteration with hydrocarbons of alien origin (e.g. paraffin).
The influence of habitat features on amphibian distribution in Northeastern Greece

Environmental and isolation variables relating to abundance of breeding amphibians, species richness and community structure at different spatial scales were examined in the Dadia-Lefkimi-Soufli Forest National Park, Evros, Greece. Logistic regression and a generalized linear model were used to relate several habitat characteristics to species occurrence and species richness. The community structure responses to breeding-pond features were examined at four spatial scales using canonical correspondence analysis (CCA). The richest communities live in low-altitude ponds, with stony or clay bottoms, high solar exposure and abundant submerged and floating vegetation. The CCA models were significant (p < 0.005) and revealed the influence of altitude, percentage of field and broadleaf forest coverage, and number of water bodies on amphibian species assemblages at all four spatial scales. There is a specific need for holistic management of amphibians that will consider habitat connectivity, particularly between aquatic and terrestrial habitats, at a larger, more interconnected scale.
Effects of novel meta-diamide insecticides on GABA type A receptors α1β2γ2 and α1β3γ2 and on glycine receptor α1β

Novel meta-diamide insecticides [3-benzamido-N-(4-(perfluoropropan-2-yl)phenyl)benzamides] are a distinct class of insect RDL GABA receptor antagonists that have been suggested to act at or near G336 in the M3 region of the Drosophila RDL GABA receptor. Here, we demonstrate the low-level antagonist activities of novel meta-diamides against the human GABA type A receptor (GABAAR) α1β2γ2S, mammalian GABAAR α1β3γ2S, and the human glycine receptor (GlyR) α1β. The Gly residue at position 336 in the M3 region of the Drosophila RDL GABA receptor is essential for its high sensitivity to meta-diamides. Therefore, the effects of an equivalent mutation (A288G) in human GlyR α1 on the antagonist activities of meta-diamides were studied. The A288G mutation dramatically increased the antagonist activities of meta-diamides against GlyR α1. Thus, A288 in GlyR α1 is important for this receptor’s sensitivity to meta-diamide insecticides. Our study is useful for understanding the mechanisms underlying meta-diamide selectivity. © Pesticide Science Society of Japan
Ectoparasitic acari and endoparasites of small mammals in Taman Negara

A number of collections of smaLl mammals, ectoparasitic acarl and endoparasites had been conducted in Taman Negara by staff of the Institute for Medical Research since 1956. Among the small mammals trapped were 11 species of rats, 6 species of squirrels, 1 species of treeshrew, 3 species of bats and 1 species of gymnure. A variety of acarines were recovered. These belonged to 2 orders, namely, Acariformes and Parasitiformes. In the order Acariformes, 32 species of mites belonging tu 2 families were found. In the order Parasitiformes, 11 species of miles belonging to 2 families were collected. Some larval ticks were recovered from various small mammals, however these ticks could not be identified. Four orders of endoparasites were found in the small mammals. The number of species collected in each order is Cyclophyllidea, 2 species; Digenea, 1 species; Splruridell, 1 species and Strongylidea, 5 species. Relevance of the findings to epidemiology of zoonotic infections is discussed.
Analysis on the Defense Enzyme Activity in Transgenic Cotton Transferring SNC1 Gene Inoculated with Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. Vasinfectum

To order to compare the difference of enzyme activity of the transgenic and non-transgenic cotton.We inoculated transgenic cotton transferring SNC1 disease-resistance gene with Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. Vasinfectum.The transgenic and non-transgenic cotton changed significantly in defense enzyme activity.The PAL,SOD,POD and PPO activity of the transgenic Zhong 35 were more high than the non-transgenic Zhong 35′s,and up to the peak at 2-4 day.And the CAT activity was more low than the non-transgenic Zhong 35′s;The changed trend of the PAL,SOD,PPO and CAT activity of the transgenic No.1 Junmian were as same as the transgenic Zhong 35′s.However,the POD activity of the transgenic No.1 Junmian was more low than the non-transgenic No.1 Junmian′s,and was opposite to the transgenic Zhong 35′s.The results showed that the PAL,SOD,PPO and CAT activity of the transgenic cotton were used as the biochemistry index,and showed that SNC1 gene played a important role at disease resistance.
Investigating Antimicrobial Properties of Endophytic fungi Associated with Salvadora oleoides Decne

Virtually all fungal endophytes produce a variety of bioactive molecule, which is currently attracting worldwide scientific attention towards isolation and exploration of their biotechnological promise. In the present study, 17 endophytic fungi (identified by way of morphological and/or sequence based molecular methods) were screened for antimicrobial activity against pathogenic strains of six bacteria and three Aspergilli sp. The seventeen culturable fungi extracted with three solvents in increasing polarity; acetone, methanol and water were examined for antimicrobial activity in crude extracts using microbroth dilution assay. Tetracycline and Amphotericin B were used as positive controls against different bacterial strains and Aspergilli respectively. The crude extracts of Aspergillus sp. JPY1, Aspergillus sp. JPY2, Aspergillus niger and an unidentified sp. exhibited the maximum activity against three pathogenic Aspergilli sp. Their in vitro minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) against Aspergilli were found to be 0.387-12.50 mg/ml by microbroth dilution. In disc diffusion assay, only eleven out of fifty-one fungal extracts were found to be endowed with antimicrobial activity at a preset concentration of 50 μg/ disc which could be the potential source to develop new antimicrobial agents. The work on study of cytotoxicity and phytochemical screening (preliminary and GC-MS) of crude extracts endowed with antimicrobial properties is reported here. It is the first report of Salvadora oleoides associated endophytic fungi with antimicrobial activity, which could be an essential source of bioactive compounds useful for developing better antifungal or antibacterial drugs with good therapeutic index value.
Selection of Suitable Starter Cultures for Nutrient Composition Enhancement of Spent Sorghum Grains and Sweet Potato Leaves

Abstract: In an effort to find suitable starter cultures for enhancing the nutrient compositions of spent sorghum grains (SSG) and sweet potato leaves (SPL), three microorganisms, Aspergillus niger, Chaetomium globosum and Saccharomyces cerevisiae were used in singles and in combinations to ferment SSG and SPL for 21 days at a temperature of 25 ± 2C. All the microbial treatments brought about increases in crude protein, crude fat and energy contents of both substrates, with accompanying reductions in crude fibre contents. SPL fermented with the combination of C. globosum and S. cerevisiae had the highest protein, fat and energy increases observed (96%, 368% and 10.2% respectively). The combination of C. globosum and S. cerevisiae also caused the highest crude fibre reduction in SSG (33.86%) while the combination of all three test organisms caused the highest crude fibre reduction in SPL (37.44%). Ash content increased in most cases while nitrogen free extract (NFE) values generally declined. The consortium of the three test organisms was concluded to be the best starter culture for enhancing the nutrient composition of SSG while the combination of C. globosum and S. cerevisiae was best for SPL.
What are we promoting? A case study of the introduction of a new milling technology in a rural area in Zimbabwe.

This case study looks at the introduction to Zimbabwe of a new sorghum milling technology developed in Botswana. This technology, it was assumed, would, by making the processing of small grains less laborious, ~ge increased production of these grains. In the analysis of what actually happened in the milling project in one community focus is on the mill as a business enterprise and on issues of community organisation and managemenL 1becasestudy concludes with the view that while there may be a number of non-monetary benefits accruing from the milling project, there has not been a noticeable increase in sorghum production nor is the financial seIf-sustainability of the mill clear.
The Case for Authentic Assessment.

* Authentic assessments require students to be effective performers with acquired knowledge. Traditional tests tend to reveal only whether the student can recognize, recall or "plug in" what was learned out of context. This may be as problematic as inferring driving or teaching ability from written tests alone. (Note, therefore, that the debate is not "either-or": there may well be virtue in an array of local and state assessment instruments as befits the purpose of the measurement.)
Immune activation and inflammation in patients with cardiovascular disease are associated with elevated phenylalanine-to-tyrosine ratios

Abstract Higher serum neopterin concentrations and kynurenine-to-tryptophan (Kyn/Trp) ratios are associated with increased mortality in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). Preferentially, Th1-type cytokine interferon-γ stimulates tryptophan breakdown and neopterin production by GTP cyclohydrolase I (GCH-I) in parallel in monocyte-derived macrophages and dendritic cells. In other cells, activation of GCH-I leads to the formation of 5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4), the necessary cofactor of amino acid hydroxylases such as phenylalanine 4-hydroxylase (PAH) and nitric oxide synthases. In 31 CAD patients (70.3±9.9 years; 21 males, 10 females), we determined serum concentrations of phenylalanine, tyrosine, and Kyn/Trp by HPLC, neopterin by ELISA, and nitrite by the colorimetric Griess assay. The phenylalanine-to-tyrosine ratio (Phe/Tyr) served as an estimate of PAH enzyme activity. Elevated Phe/Tyr concentrations were detected in a subgroup of CAD patients and correlated with Kyn/Trp (r=0.396, p<0.05) and neopterin (r=0.354, p<0.05) and inversely with nitrite (r=–0.371, p<0.05) concentrations. Higher Phe/Tyr in patients is associated with immune activation and indicates subnormal PAH activity that might be involved in the precipitation of neuropsychiatric symptoms in CAD patients.
Ontogenetic and interspecific variation in hearing ability in marine fish larvae.

In most demersal marine teleost fishes, lar- vae develop in the pelagic environment, but must locate appropriate settlement habitats. One potential cue for lo- cating settlement habitats that has received recent inter- est is acoustic cues from reef habitats. Although it is clear that settlement-stage fish larvae can hear, it is less clear how hearing ability develops during the larval phase, or how auditory abilities vary among species and families. Auditory-evoked potentials were used to investigate hearing in larvae of 5 fishes (Epinephelus coioides, E. fuscoguttatus, Serranidae; Eleutheronema tetradacty- lum, Polynemidae; Caranx ignobilis, Carangidae; and Macquaria novemaculeata, Percichthyidae) over a range of sizes (9 to 28 mm). Ontogenetic improvement in hear- ing of up to 25 dB was found in 4 species. We also as- sessed hearing ability within and between 4 families (Serranidae, Lutjanidae, Pomacentridae and Carangi- dae) using larger larvae of 11 species from tropical and warm temperate habitats (the serranids and carangid above plus Epinephelus malabaricus, Plectropomus leopardus, Lutjanus carponotatus, L. sebae, Pomacen- trus nagasakiensis, P. amboinensis, Gnathanodon spe- ciosus and Elagatis bipinnulata). Within pomacentrids, carangids and lutjanids, hearing sensitivity differences among species were found. This high within-family vari- ance results in no difference in hearing ability among the 4 families. A key component of modelling reef connectiv- ity is the estimation of larval attraction distances. The data provided herein clearly demonstrate that attraction varies both ontogenetically and among species. Both developmental stage and species must be taken into account when estimating distances over which sound cues emanating from settlement habitats can be detected.
Reproduction in Caribbean Fruit Flies: Comparisons between a Laboratory Strain and a Wild Strain

Mating behavior and insemination were compared in a laboratory strain and wild strain of Caribbean fruit flies, Anastrepha suspensa (Loew), under laboratory conditions. The laboratory strain began mating at an earlier age and mated more readily in small screen cages in the laboratory than the wild strain did. Sixty percent of the laboratory strain females mated a second time, and some mated 3, 4, and 5 times. Most of the remating occurred within 48 hr of the initial mating. None of 25 once-mated wild females remated within 5 days. Flies of both strains mated with each other. Males of both strains failed to transfer sperm to females in about 25% of the initial matings. The mean time spent in copulation by the wild strain was 37.4 @+ 2.0 min, and neither the laboratory strain nor crosses between the strains differed from this time significantly.
Could Molar-Incisor Hypomineralization (MIH) Existence be Predictor of Short Stature?

Background: Molar--incisor hypomineralization (MIH) could be appeared in condition of calcium (Ca2+) disorders. Body height is an index of growth health monitoring in child that may be assumed by calcium metabolism. This study was designed to compare the body height of 8--9 years old schoolchildren with MIH and control group. Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out by examination of 606 Iranian healthy schoolchildren for recording enamel defects and body height measurements by a single trained examiner. Putative etiological factors were evaluated using the structured questionnaire. The questionnaire was about maternal, prenatal, and postnatal factors. Statically analysis was done using t-test and Chi-square test in SPSS 22. Results: The prevalence of MIH in the schoolchildren was 52.9%. Prevalence of MIH significantly was higher in girls. Most of maternal and child’s parameters appeared to have no significant correlation with MIH except birth weight, antibiotic therapy, maternal disease in pregnancy, and medication (P < 0.05). Conclusions: In spite of lower body height in schoolchildren with MIH, there was not any significant correlation between them.
Clinical predictors and explant lung pathology of acute exacerbation of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis

Background Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is characterised by constant threat of acute exacerbation of IPF (AE-IPF). It would be significant to identify risk factors of AE-IPF. We sought to determine the prognostic value of lung transplantation candidacy testing for AE-IPF and describe explant pathology of recipients with and without AE-IPF before lung transplantation. Methods Retrospective cohort study of 89 IPF patients listed for lung transplantation. Data included pulmonary function testing, echocardiography, right heart catheterisation, imaging, oesophageal pH/manometry and blood tests. Explanted tissue was evaluated by pulmonary pathologists and correlated to computed tomography (CT) findings. Results Out of 89 patients with IPF, 52 were transplanted during stable IPF and 37 had AE-IPF before transplantation (n=28) or death (n=9). There were no substantial differences in candidacy testing with and without AE-IPF. AE-IPF had higher rate of decline of forced vital capacity (FVC) (21±22% versus 4.8±14%, p=0.00019). FVC decline of >15% had a hazard ratio of 7.2 for developing AE-IPF compared to FVC decline of <5% (p=0.004). AE-IPF had more secondary diverse histopathology (82% versus 29%, p<0.0001) beyond diffuse alveolar damage. There was no correlation between ground-glass opacities (GGO) on chest CT at any point to development of AE-IPF (p=0.077), but GGO during AE-IPF predicted secondary pathological process beyond diffuse alveolar damage. Conclusions Lung transplantation candidacy testing including reflux studies did not predict AE-IPF besides FVC absolute decline. CT did not predict clinical or pathological AE-IPF. Secondary diverse lung pathology beyond diffuse alveolar damage was present in most AE-IPF, but not in stable IPF. Transplant candidacy testing fails to predict acute exacerbation of IPF besides FVC absolute decline. Patients transplanted during acute exacerbation of IPF reveal multiple secondary lung histopathological processes beyond the expected DAD. https://bit.ly/3e1CPjO
Characteristics of Hardcore Male Smokers in Taiwan: A Qualitative Study

Abstract Objectives: The purpose of this study was to explore the characteristics of hardcore smokers who were previously hospitalized. Study design: A descriptive qualitative design was used to investigate a sample of 29 male Taiwanese smokers. Methods: Male hardcore smokers were recruited at a hospital in southern Taiwan and their smoking behaviors and attitudes were explored in semistructured interviews. Inclusion criteria were: (1) smoking at least weekly or daily during the past year, (2) 100 cigarettes during the lifetime, (3) persistent smoking, or (4) at least one hospitalization. Audio-recorded interview data were analyzed using content categorization of the responses. Results: Four main themes emerged to describe characteristics of Taiwanese hardcore smokers: (1) physiological and psychological dependence, (2) no motivation to quit despite knowledge of negative health consequences, (3) social interaction and cultural norms, and (4) negative attitudes toward, but compliance with, smoking-free policies. Conclusions: The results can inform public health nurses of characteristics of Taiwanese hardcore smokers, which in turn may develop effective smoking cessation program to increase smoking cessation rate among Taiwanese hardcore smokers.
Efficacy of Slow-Release Formulations of Metribuzin and Tribenuron Methyl Herbicides for Controlling Weeds of Various Species in Wheat and Barley Stands

The herbicidal activity of long-acting formulations of metribuzin and tribenuron methyl herbicides embedded in granules prepared from a mixture of degradable poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) and birch wood flour was studied in laboratory-grown weeds of various species and in wheat Triticum aestivum and barley Hordeum vulgare stands infested by weeds. The constructed formulations effectively suppressed all species of weeds studied. The biological effectiveness of herbicide formulations toward intact plants in wheat and barley stands infested with weeds was close to 100%, which was significantly higher than the effect of their free forms. The more effective suppression of weeds by embedded herbicides was beneficial for the growth of crops whose aboveground biomass was 8–13 to 20% greater than that of the crops in the treatments with free herbicides. Embedded metribuzin and tribenuron methyl exhibit sustained and pronounced herbicidal activity and are effective for pre-emergence soil application for crops infested with weeds of various species.
Light and Photosynthesis in Aquatic Ecosystems

Beginning systematically with the fundamentals, the fully updated third edition of this popular graduate textbook provides an understanding of all the essential elements of marine optics. It explains the key role of light as a major factor in determining the operation and biological composition of aquatic ecosystems, and its scope ranges from the physics of light transmission within water, through the biochemistry and physiology of aquatic photosynthesis, to the ecological relationships that depend on the underwater light climate. This book also provides a valuable introduction to the remote sensing of the ocean from space, which is now recognized to be of great environmental significance due to its direct relevance to global warming. An important resource for graduate courses on marine optics, aquatic photosynthesis, or ocean remote sensing; and for aquatic scientists, both oceanographers and limnologists.