Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
OPTIMIZATION OF NEURAL NETWORK ARCHITECTURE AND TRANSFER FUNCTIONS FOR RAINFALL-RIVERFLOW MODELLING

Artificial Neural Network (ANN) architecture and transfer functions had become as essential as the network training algorithm. This study presents the optimization of neural network architecture that were driven by the biological cell division architectures together with products of two window type localized sigmoidal (biradial) transfer functions on Oyun River modelling to determine their suitability for rainfall-riverflow modelling. Hydro-meteorological data used for the model study includes seasonal river discharge and rainfall values. Two ANN models with three different hidden layers each for mitosis and meiosis feed-forward architecture were developed. The ANN1 models with Mitosis Feed-Forward Neural Network Architecture (MiFFNNA) has R 2 values ranged from 80.07% to 96.74% and 76.12% to 92.40% for model calibration and validation while the MSE and RMSE values ranged from 0.040 to 0.560 and 0.190 m 3 /s to 0.750 m 3 /s respectively. The ANN2 models with Meiosis Feed-Forward Neural Network Architecture (MeFFNNA) has R 2 values ranged from 92.68% to 99.57% and 89.34% to 95.45% for model calibration and validation while the MSE and RMSE values ranged from 0.468 to 0.024 and 0.698 m 3 /s to 0.154 m 3 /s respectively. The results revealed that the ANN models using meiosis feed-forward architecture and window type sigmoidal transfer functions is simulate better and promising to be a good approximator for rainfall-riverflow modelling. Further combination of new transfer functions with the biologically inspired neural network architecture and their application to hydrological modelling should encouraged.
Airborne Transmission Risk in Urban Buses: A Computational Fluid Dynamics Study

The Heat, Ventilation, Air Conditioning (HVAC) systems in urban buses promote high particle motion. In this paper the effect of centralized roof-top HVAC on virus transmission by droplets caused by sneezing and coughing was studied with the Lagrangian approach while the transmission through aerosols caused by breathing and talking was modeled with the Eulerian tracer method. It was found that the large droplets ( > 200 µ m) can travel more than 3 m without being affected by the airflow. On the other hand, the small droplets ( < 5 µ m) are easily dragged, dispersed
Flexible Bayesian joint models for longitudinal biomarkers and time-to-event outcomes with applications to type 1 diabetes research

The potentially complex association between a longitudinal biomarker and a time-to-event process, often called survival process, is of large interest in various biomedical domains. Joint models of longitudinal and survival data are a tool of growing popularity for this analysis and can potentially enable new insights into the disease progression of type 1 diabetes (T1D), the motivating application of the presented work. T1D, one of the most common chronic diseases in childhood, is marked by the lifelong need of insulin substitution. A preclinical period of the disease can be diagnosed by the emergence of the T1D-specific autoantibodies which can potentially also serve as longitudinal biomarkers to explain the high variability in the time to clinical T1D. The analysis of longitudinal biomarkers and survival processes is complicated by observing the longitudinal marker at discrete time points, subject to measurement error, and informatively censored at the occurrence of an event. Joint models allow an unbiased analysis of this data by estimating a longitudinal and a survival submodel within a joint likelihood function. Previously developed joint models, however, lack the flexibility to capture the highly nonlinear individual T1D-biomarker trajectories and a potentially time-varying association between the marker and the onset of clinical symptoms of T1D. In order to provide additional insights into the complex relationship between longitudinal biomarkers and survival processes a flexible Bayesian joint model framework is developed. By formulating the model using structured additive predictors, a variety of effects can be incorporated, such as smooth nonlinear, time-varying and random effects, thereby allowing flexibility beyond established joint model implementations. The adoption of a Bayesian framework enables a stable estimation of this complex model, especially regarding potentially high-dimensional random effect structures. The resulting flexibility is used to explore the association between highly heterogeneous autoantibody profiles and the progression to T1D in two different diabetes risk cohorts. This framework is further generalized by incorporating nonlinear association structures between the longitudinal and the survival process. The extension allows to assess the usually unchecked assumption of linearity between the marker and the log-hazard of a survival process as illustrated in the analysis of biomedical data on a rare fatal liver disease. To facilitate its application the flexible Bayesian joint model is implemented in the R package bamlss and an introduction to its usage is given. The newly developed additive joint model offers flexibility in modeling longitudinal biomarkers and complex associations structures beyond established joint model approaches, thereby allowing new insights into the time-varying association between T1D-specific autoantibodies and the onset of clinical symptoms.
ATGL-dependent white adipose tissue lipolysis controls hepatocyte PPARα activity

Objective In hepatocytes, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) acts as a lipid sensor that regulates hepatic lipid catabolism during fasting and orchestrates a genomic response required for whole-body homeostasis. This includes the biosynthesis of ketone bodies and the secretion of the starvation hormone fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21). Several lines of evidence suggest that adipose tissue lipolysis contributes to this specific process. However, whether adipose tissue lipolysis is a dominant signal for the extensive remodeling of liver gene expression dependent on PPARα has not been investigated. Methods First, using mice lacking adipose tissue lipolysis through adipocyte-specific deletion of adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL), we characterized the responses dependent on adipocyte ATGL during fasting. Next, we performed liver whole genome expression analysis in fasted mice upon deletion of adipocyte ATGL or hepatocyte PPARα. Finally, we tested the consequences of hepatocyte-specific PPARα deficiency during pharmacological induction of adipocyte lipolysis with a β3-adrenergic receptor agonist. Results In the absence of ATGL in adipocytes, ketone body and FGF21 productions were impaired in response to starvation. Liver transcriptome analysis revealed that adipocyte ATGL is critical for regulation of hepatic gene expression during fasting and highlighted a strong enrichment in PPARα target genes in this condition. Genome expression analysis confirmed that a large set of fasting-induced genes are sensitive to both ATGL and PPARα. Adipose tissue lipolysis induced by acute activation of the β3-adrenergic receptor also triggered PPARα-dependent responses in the liver, supporting a role for adipocyte-derived fatty acids as dominant signals for hepatocyte PPARα activity. In addition, the absence of hepatocyte PPARα altered brown adipose tissue (BAT) morphology and reduced UCP1 expression upon stimulation of the β3-adrenergic receptor. In agreement with this finding, mice lacking hepatocyte PPARα showed decreased tolerance to acute cold exposure. Conclusions These results underscore the central role of hepatocyte PPARα in the sensing of adipocyte-derived fatty acids and reveal that its activity is essential for full activation of BAT. Intact PPARα activity in hepatocytes is required for cross-talk between adipose tissues and the liver during fat mobilization during fasting and cold exposure.
Complete directed minors and chromatic number

The dichromatic number χ→(D) $\overrightarrow{\chi }(D)$ of a digraph D $D$ is the smallest k $k$ for which it admits a k $k$ ‐coloring where every color class induces an acyclic subgraph. Inspired by Hadwiger's conjecture for undirected graphs, several groups of authors have recently studied the containment of complete directed minors in digraphs with a given dichromatic number. In this note we exhibit a relation of these problems to Hadwiger's conjecture. Exploiting this relation, we show that every directed graph excluding the complete digraph K↔t ${\overleftrightarrow{K}}_{t}$ of order t $t$ as a strong minor or as a butterfly minor is O(t(log log t)6) $O(t{(\mathrm{log}\unicode{x0200A}\mathrm{log}\unicode{x0200A}t)}^{6})$ ‐colorable. This answers a question by Axenovich, Girão, Snyder, and Weber, who proved an upper bound of t4t $t{4}^{t}$ for the same problem. A further consequence of our results is that every digraph of dichromatic number 22n $22n$ contains a subdivision of every n $n$ ‐vertex subcubic digraph, which makes progress on a set of problems raised by Aboulker, Cohen, Havet, Lochet, Moura, and Thomassé.
International Political Uncertainty and Climate Risk Premium

This paper investigates how political uncertainty affects firms’ climate risk premium from a global point of view. We use the presidential election events in the United States as well as that from all countries with a stock market as proxies for political uncertainty. We find that the global stock markets respond significantly to political uncertainty induced by the U.S. presidential elections, but not so for elections from their home countries. Although we do not observe a significant change in return premium for firms with different level of climate risk during the periods of political uncertainty, we find that firms with higher climate risk experience much higher return volatility and return correlation amid uncertainty associated with U.S. elections. The results are consistent with the literature that U.S. presidential election is a better indicator of international political uncertainty. At the same time, we uncover the new evidence on how political uncertainty affects the riskiness of firms with high exposure to climate risk.
Leader–follower interpersonal behaviors, emotional regulation and LMX quality

Abstract We investigate how a leader's perception of a follower's behaviours may impact the follower's perception of a leader's behaviours which in turn may relate to a leader's rating of the LMX quality. Multilevel multisource data were collected from 315 leader–member dyads in 27 military teams. At the dyadic level, a leader's perception of a follower was related to the follower's assessment of a leader's behaviours, which in turn, was positively related to how the leader rated their LMX quality. Finally, the leaders' emotional reappraisal moderated the link between a follower's perception of the leader's behaviours and leader rated LMX quality. LMX research continues to interrogate the role of the follower in the leader–follower process. The study sheds further light on how followers contribute to the leadership process.
Effect of Weak-part Strengthening Training and Strong-part Relaxation Therapy on Static Balance, Muscle Strength Asymmetry, and Proprioception in the Gluteus Medius: Immediate Effect Analysis

PURPOSE: This study investigated the immediate effects of gluteus medius strengthening training and relaxation therapy on the static balance, muscle strength asymmetry, and proprioception. METHODS: In this research, 38 healthy adults were assigned randomly to strengthening groups (SG) and relaxation groups (RG). The static balance, muscle strength asymmetry, and proprioception were measured as a pre-measurement. The same measurements were performed after the intervention and follow-up. An independent sample t-test was used to compare each group, and one-way repeated ANOVA was used to compare the changes within the group. RESULTS: In the static balance, the comparison between groups SG was more significant than RG, and only SG showed significant differences in the intra-group comparisons. There was no significant difference in muscle strength asymmetry between SG and RG. On the other hand, the comparison within the group revealed only SG to be significant. In proprioception, SG produced more significant results than RG, and only SG had significant values in the within-group comparison. CONCLUSION: Strengthening training affects the changes in static balance, muscle strength asymmetry, and proprioception.
Economic geography and entrepreneurial diversification in the agricultural sector

ABSTRACT Taking concepts from economic geography, this study decomposes locational factors as ‘first-nature’ and ‘second-nature’ geography, and argues that the second-nature geography, which is the concentration of entrepreneurial activities, helps entrepreneurs to discover entrepreneurial opportunities and gives them an incentive to integrate business with supporting activities in close proximity due to pecuniary and technological externalities. This study has taken the agricultural sector as the context of its research, and finds that the agricultural entrepreneurship literature has neglected the impact of the second-nature geography. Findings from the Netherlands show that the higher the concentration of entrepreneurial diversification in a region, the greater the likelihood that a farmer undertakes entrepreneurship on the farm.
Design of an authentic innovation project in Swedish upper secondary technology education

Recent studies on the Swedish work force show that about half of all jobs demand a high degree of self-governing. In preparing students for the future, the World Economic Forum suggests that schools should also teach social skills, creativity and critical thinking. According to the Swedish upper secondary curriculum, the subject of technology should allow students to develop entrepreneurial skills, defined as supporting curiosity, confidence, creativity and courage, resulting in the ability to act, in innovation and problem solving. This vision is related to the notion of authentic learning. Reeves, Herrington and Oliver define authenticity through nine key elements, namely, authentic context, authentic task, presence of expert performances, multiple perspectives, collaboration, reflection, articulation, metacognitive support and authentic assessment. The aim of this study is to map these key elements of authentic learning onto the development and design of a five-week innovation project for implementation in a Swedish upper secondary school context. The mapping process involved first synthesising literature in the area of authentic learning in conjunction with studying Swedish technology education curriculum materials. This was followed by describing the characteristics of each key element of authentic learning in terms of proposing activities for implementation as an innovation project (IP). The results of this study show how criteria of nine elements of authentic learning could be used in designing an innovation project (IP) module in an authentically cogent way. Thus the authenticity framework served as a valid theoretical tool to produce the authentic learning module.
Electrical Treeing in Insulation Materials for High Voltage AC Subsea Connectors under High Hydrostatic Pressures: Electrical tree, partial discharge behaviour and light emission in SiR

To enable the next generation subsea boosting and processing facilities, high power electrical connectors are strongly needed and considered one of the most critical components of the system. Electrical tree growth is a precursor to electrical breakdown in high voltage insulation materials. Therefore, the study of the tree growth dependency with hydrostatic pressure is needed to understand the behaviour of the insulation material used in subsea connectors. Silicone rubber (SiR) is used as an insulation material for these applications thanks to its higher viscosity characteristic in comparison with other solid insulation materials used in subsea cables. This property is the main factor that allows the water to be swiped off the connector when a receptacle is mated into the plug of a subsea connector. In addition, the silicone rubber must provide similar electric field control as other insulation materials used in cable terminations and connectors. The characteristics of partial discharges generated during the electrical tree growth and the light emission from the partial discharge pulses, have been studied under different pressure conditions. SiR samples, with a needle to plate electrode configuration, have been put into a pressure vessel to grow the electrical tree in the material under high hydrostatic pressure conditions. The electrical tree growth has been divided in three stages (initiation, intermediate and final or pre-breakdown stage) and tests have been performed at 1, 20 and 60 bar. A digital NIKON camera and a CCD camera have been used, both attached to a long-distance microscope, to observe in real time the tree growth and light emission, respectively. Pictures showed a higher growth speed for the electric tree as voltage and pressure were increased. The length of electrical trees pre-grown at lower pressures collapsed faster as the pressure increased, than those pre-grown at higher pressures under the same pressure increasing conditions. As the pressure increased, Pulse Sequence Analysis performed to the partial discharges measured confirmed the partial discharge inception and extinction voltage increase and showed a polarity dependency to space charge generation in addition to other patterns regarding the charge magnitude and phase of occurrence characteristics. Pressure vessel internal reflections have suggested changes to be done in future studies for the light emission measurement. Finally, partial discharge patterns from the electrical tree growth process have been identified to be characteristics from void faults in the dielectric with a spherical void shape.
Analysis of the Effect of the Probability Ratio on Sharia Stock Return (Study on the List of Undelisting Sharia Stocks in the Jakarta Islamic Index December 2014-2018)

This research was conducted to determine the effect of Return On Assets, Return On Equity, and Earning Per Share on Sharia Stock Returns in Indonesia. The data used in this study comes from the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the 2014-2018 period. The method used was descriptive statistical analysis and Fixed Effect Model (FEM) panel regression analysis. The results of this study indicated that partially the Return On Asset variable had a negative and significant effect on Sharia Stock Return. While the variables Return On Equity and Earning Per Share partially had a positive and significant effect on Sharia Stock Return. Then, simultaneously the variables Return On Asset, Return On Equity, and Earning Per Share had a positive and significant effect on Sharia Stock Return.
Effects of 5.8 GHz Microwaves on Testicular Structure and Function in Rats

Objective To investigate the effects of exposure to 5.8 GHz microwaves on testicular structure and function of male adult rats. Methods After 30 days of exposure, we evaluated sperm quality by determining sperm concentration and quantifying the number of abnormal sperm. Testicular morphology was investigated by hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining. The levels of testosterone (T), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), stem cell factor (SCF), and transferrin (TRF) were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs). We also used western blotting to determine the levels of GDNF and SCF and apoptosis-related protein (caspase-3) in the testis. Results Compared with the sham group, there were no significant differences in terms of sperm count, sperm abnormality, and the levels of T, FSH, LH, GDNF, SCF, and caspase-3 in the microwave group. Conclusion Under the experimental conditions, 5.8 GHz microwave exposure has no obvious effect on testicular structure and function of rats.
Carer burden and psychological distress in young‐onset dementia: An Australian perspective

Carer burden in dementia is associated with poor outcomes, including early nursing home placement for people with dementia and psychological distress for their carers. Carers of people with young‐onset dementia (YOD) are particularly vulnerable to carer burden. Yet they are often overlooked by clinicians as dementia services are generally designed for older people. We sought to estimate the rate of burden and psychological distress in carers of YOD at a state‐wide tertiary service based in Australia.
A qualitative study on stakeholder perceptions of digital prosthetic socket fabrication for transtibial amputations

Background: Digital residual limb shape capture (three-dimensional [3D] scanning), computer-assisted design (CAD), and computer-assisted manufacturing with 3D printing technology show promise for a completely digital process of fabricating prosthetic sockets for patients with limb loss. The effectiveness and quality of digitally designed 3D-printed lower extremity prosthetic sockets is understudied, and there is lack of data on the patient and prosthetist experiences with this digital workflow. Objective: To obtain stakeholder feedback on the feasibility and acceptability of using a completely digital prosthetic fabrication process consisting of 3D scanning, CAD, and 3D printing in a rehabilitation setting for adults with transtibial limb amputations. Study design: Qualitative design. Methods: Study participants with a transtibial-level amputation were fit with a prosthetic socket fabricated using digital shape capture with a 3D scanner, CAD, and 3D printing in addition to a traditionally handcasted manually fabricated socket. Participants tried on and evaluated both sockets. Semistructured interviews took place after the fitting appointments. A focus group was conducted with prosthetists to obtain their feedback. Audio data were transcribed verbatim, and an inductive content analysis was undertaken. Results: Eleven patient participants and 3 prosthetists identified 4 main themes: 1) openness and enthusiasm for digital prosthetic fabrication; 2) relative advantages of digital fabrication vs. traditional socket fabrication; 3) readiness of the technology used for adoption in practice; and 4) digital prosthetic workflow and 3D printing implementation considerations. Conclusions: Patients and prosthetists were enthusiastic about digital prosthetic socket fabrication and saw potential advantages over traditional methods. Both patients and prosthetists had concerns about the durability, safety, and aesthetics of the 3D printed sockets in this study. Further studies are needed to optimize digital prosthetic fabrication with 3D printing in prosthetic practice.