Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Preparations for a European R&D roadmap for an inertial fusion demo reactor

A European consortium of 15 laboratories across nine nations have worked together under the EUROFusion Enabling Research grants for the past decade with three principle objectives. These are: (a) investigating obstacles to ignition on megaJoule-class laser facilities; (b) investigating novel alternative approaches to ignition, including basic studies for fast ignition (both electron and ion-driven), auxiliary heating, shock ignition, etc.; and (c) developing technologies that will be required in the future for a fusion reactor. A brief overview of these activities, presented here, along with new calculations relates the concept of auxiliary heating of inertial fusion targets, and provides possible future directions of research and development for the updated European Roadmap that is due at the end of 2020. This article is part of a discussion meeting issue ‘Prospects for high gain inertial fusion energy (part 2)’.
Effect of cinnamon essential oil on morphological, flammability and thermal properties of nanocellulose fibre–reinforced starch biopolymer composites

Abstract The effect of different cinnamon essential oil (CEO) contents on flammability, thermal stability and morphological characteristics of nanocellulose fibre–reinforced starch biopolymer composites was studied. This sugar palm nanocellulose reinforced with sugar palm starch, containing 0–2% CEO, was prepared through solution casting technique. From scanning electron microscopy analysis, the cross-sections of the CEO-containing films showed appearance of micro-porous spots as micro-porous holes because of the occurrence of partial evaporation on the cryo-fractured surface as a result of the vacuum condition. Increment in CEO concentration resulted in increasing trend of the number and size of the micro-porous holes. Significant increase was observed in the thermal stability with the CEO loading when compared with neat composites. Besides that, increasing CEO loading also resulted in decrement of linear burning rate of the composites.
How Users’ Gaze Behavior Is Related to Their Quality Evaluation of a Health Website Based on HONcode Principles?

Abstract While the health website is an easily accessible source for patients to use when seeking health information, the quality of online health information has been a critical issue that concerns all stakeholders in healthcare. The aim of this research was to examine the relationship between users’ evaluation of the health website quality and their gaze behavior on the web pages. Eye tracking and a self-report questionnaire based on the HONcode principles were used to address the objective. We found that (1) the evaluations of authority, privacy, financial disclosure, and advertising policy are positively correlated with the fixation count and total fixation duration toward corresponding page components, while the evaluations of complementarity and attribution are negatively correlated with the fixation count and total fixation duration to corresponding page components; and (2) the fixation count and total fixation duration toward health information sources are negatively related to the evaluation of health website quality, while the fixation count and total fixation duration to site owner are positively related to the quality evaluation. Users’ attention to page components is closely related to the evaluation of principles, and also has a certain impact on the overall quality evaluation of a health website. Based on the findings, our research may serve to improve the health website design and be a foundation to develop an automatic evaluation approach of the health website quality.
Evaluation of Seafood Product Concepts by Young Adults and Families with Young Children from Denmark, Norway, and Iceland

This article describes the results of a study that tested the responses to 14 seafood concepts among young adults and families with young children in Denmark, Norway, and Iceland. This study was aimed at gaining insight into the evaluation of new seafood product concepts by individuals with low seafood consumption. Based on consumer-reported values and previous concept-testing, 14 seafood product concepts were tested by 296 consumers in a web-based experiment. Consumers' preferences depended on the size of fish, the presence of information, and the fish species offered. Young adult consumers evaluated the product concepts differently than parents of young children. Three consumer clusters, based on attitudinal variables, were identified explaining the differences in the evaluation of the product concepts. The outcome of this study will be used to develop a product for realistic in-home testing.
Cycling Tourism on the Danube Cycle Route in Serbia: Residents’ Perspective

Abstract Cycling tourism is a rapidly developing type of tourism in Europe and it is recognised in the tourism strategic documents of the Republic of Serbia as one of the key tourist products that should be developed specifically in the Danube region. This paper aimed to examine residents’ perceptions towards cycling tourism on the Danube cycle route in Serbia using the modified Tourism Impact Attitude Scale (TIAS). In addition, a multiple regression model was used to test the effects of the independent variables on residents’ perceptions towards cycling tourism development. The research findings indicate that residents have a favourable attitude towards cycling tourism, which is in the initial phase of development in the study area, and that the independent variables are predictors of residents’ perceptions. Implications for tourism development and planning are discussed and future research opportunities provided.
Exploring digital divides in older adults’ news consumption

Abstract Media structure is rapidly steering towards digital formats and distribution. Meanwhile, many Western societies have ageing populations, where older adults are less digitally active than the population at large. This, combined with the fact that the news media are crucial in providing information and fostering engagement and cohesion, means that the news consumption of older adults deserves scholarly attention. Based on national representative surveys, this article analyses the use of traditional and digital news among people aged 66 to 85 between 2014 and 2018. The findings show that the overall reading of newspapers is decreasing among pensioners of all ages, whereas radio and television news both have rather stable audience shares. Despite the overall decline of newspaper reading, the reading of digital newspapers is becoming more common, and digital newspapers seem, to some extent, to have replaced printed newspapers. Concerning factors explaining digital news consumption among the 65+ group, general Internet habits, sex, and political interest are shown to be the most important.
Adoption of E-Services and Quality of Life Among Older Consumers in China

Abstract E-services projects have been successfully implemented and adopted in many countries worldwide. China, one of the developing countries, has also been transitioning itself into this e-services structure. The success of such an effort depends not only on the support of the government but on citizens’ readiness to accept these services, also a central feature. For advanced nations, many studies classify citizens’ acceptance features of e-services, but for emerging countries, such research works are less; for China, where citizens’ adoption of e-services is actually stumpy as compared to developed countries, there are only few studies available in the Chinese context, and this research is aimed at addressing this gap. In this study about e-service adoption, among the available technology adoption models, a further modification in the original “Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology” (UTAUT) is suggested and used in order to check its credibility and validity in the Chinese context. This exploration is important in numerous ways and will guarantee the development of China by way of supporting e-services policymakers.
A Comparison Study of Measures to Quantify the Evolution of Prolific Research Teams

Abstract Scientific research teams play an increasingly significant role in scientific activities. To better understand the dynamic evolution process of research teams, we explored measures that quantify the evolution of prolific research teams. We collected our data from the Web of Science in the field of artificial intelligence, and applied the label propagation algorithm to identify research teams in the co-authorship network. The Top 1‰ prolific teams were selected as our research object, whose node stability and two types of edge stabilities were measured. The results show that prolific teams are much more stable during the evolution process, in terms of both member and membership stability. The measure of stability has varying degrees of impact on teams with different sizes, and small-sized teams get considerably different stability results by different measures.
Influence of Semicrystalline Morphology on the Glass Transition of Poly(L‐lactic acid)

Semicrystalline specimens of poly(L-lactic acid) (PLLA) were prepared by isothermal cold- or melt-crystallization over a wide temperature range. The morphologies at different length scales were characterized using polarized optical microscopy, WAXS and SAXS. The glass transition temperature (Tg), determined calorimetrically, exhibited a general decrease with an increase in crystallization temperature (T c ) for either cold- or melt-crystallized specimens. The measurements of the heat capacity increment at T g indicated that a significant amount of the rigid amorphous fraction coexisted with the crystalline and mobile amorphous phases in semicrystalline PLLA. A three-phase model (crystalline phase, mobile amorphous phase and rigid amorphous phase) is, therefore, appropriate for the interpretation of the structure of semicrystalline PLLA. According to a one-dimensional layer stack model, the layer thicknesses of the three phases were further evaluated approximately. The increasing of Tg was found to be correlated to significant decreasing thickness of the crystalline layer, gradual decreasing thickness of the rigid amorphous layer, and a slight increasing trend in the thickness of the mobile amorphous layer. We suggest that the rigid amorphous layer of semicrystalline PLLA may possibly play a role in loosening the constraints imposed by the crystalline layer on the amorphous chain motions inherent to the glass transition.
Contingency learning and perfective morpheme productivity in L2 Italian: A study on lexeme–morpheme associations with ΔP

Abstract This study utilized unidirectional association score ΔP to track perfective morpheme productivity in longitudinal spoken L2 Italian data. Research questions concerned whether early L2 perfectives were contingent upon telicity of predicates, whether lexeme–morpheme association changed as proficiency increased, and whether distribution of perfectives in the L1 input affected the patterns of morpheme emergence. Results showed that (i) the productive use of the perfective was contingent upon a few, infrequent telic predicates but also upon some actionally underspecified, very frequent general-purpose ones; (ii) a generalized decrease in association scores over time accompanied the productivity of the perfective morpheme; (iii) distribution of perfectives in L2 data did not reflect distribution in the L1 input. The statistical analysis adopted in this study is replicable to other domains where contingency of stem-affix alternations may provide cues for observing the developing L2 grammar
Optimal Control for a COVID-19 Model Accounting for Symptomatic and Asymptomatic

Abstract Building on an SEIR-type model of COVID-19 where the infecteds are further divided into symptomatic and asymptomatic, a system incorporating the various possible interventions is formulated. Interventions, also referred to as controls, include transmission reduction (e.g., lockdown, social distancing, barrier gestures); testing/isolation on the exposed, symptomatic and asymptomatic compartments; and medical controls such as enhancing patients’ medical care and increasing bed capacity. By considering the government’s capacity, the best strategies for implementing the controls were obtained using optimal control theory. Results show that, if all the controls are to be used, the more able the government is, the more it should implement transmission reduction, testing, and enhancing patients’ medical care without increasing hospital beds. However, if the government finds it very difficult to implement the controls for economic reasons, the best approach is to increase the hospital beds. Moreover, among the testing/isolation controls, testing/isolation in the exposed compartment is the least needed when there is significant transmission reduction control. Surprisingly, when there is no transmission reduction control, testing/isolation in the exposed should be optimal. Testing/isolation in the exposed could seemingly replace the transmission reduction control to yield a comparable result to that when the transmission reduction control is being implemented.
Zum Zusammenspiel von Erzähler- und Protagonistenperspektive in den Brenner-Romanen von Wolf Haas

Abstract In this paper I show that a close look at the use of demonstrative pronouns (DPros) of the der/die/das paradigm in the crime novel Auferstehung der Toten (‘Resurrection of the dead’) by Wolf Haas allows us to gain a deeper understanding of the interplay of the narrator’s and the main protagonist’s perspective in narrative texts. At the same time, it provides an indirect argument against the assumption that the distribution of DPros can be fully derived from anti-logophoricity (Hinterwimmer and Bosch 2017) and in favor of an analysis sketched as an alternative in that paper: DPros avoid maximally prominent discourse referents as antecedents, where not only protagonists, but also narrators can be discourse referents. In text segments where the narrator’s perspective becomes prominent in virtue of evaluations, comments etc., the narrator is the maximally prominent discourse referent, while in text segments involving Free Indirect Discourse or other forms of protagonist’s perspective-taking such as Protagonist Projection (Holton 1997, Stokke 2013) or Viewpoint Shifting (Hinterwimmer 2017), the respective protagonist is the maximally prominent discourse referent. Finally, in text segments involving neutral narration where neither the narrator’s nor a protagonist’s perspective is salient, the respective discourse topic is the maximally prominent discourse referent.
Pruning and repopulating a lexical taxonomy: experiments in Spanish, English and French

Abstract In this paper we present the problem of a noisy lexical taxonomy and suggest two tasks as potential remedies. The first task is to identify and eliminate incorrect hypernymy links, and the second is to repopulate the taxonomy with new relations. The first task consists of revising the entire taxonomy and returning a Boolean for each assertion of hypernymy between two nouns (e.g. brie is a kind of cheese). The second task consists of recursively producing a chain of hypernyms for a given noun, until the most general node in the taxonomy is reached (e.g. brie → cheese → food → etc.). In order to achieve these goals, we implemented a hybrid hypernym-detection algorithm that incorporates various intuitions, such as syntagmatic, paradigmatic and morphological association measures as well as lexical patterns. We evaluate these algorithms individually and collectively and report findings in Spanish, English and French.
Investigations of metallic elements and phenolics in Chinese medicinal plants

Abstract Traditional Chinese Medicines (TCM) can be contaminated with heavy metals, and therefore, the aim of this study is to analyze the Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, Cd, Pb, Cr, and phenolic compounds contents in TCM plants used against civilization diseases. Metals were determined by flame atomic absorption spectroscopy (FAAS) for Fe, Mn, Zn, and Cu and inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) for Pb, Cd, and Cr. The total phenolic, flavonoid, and phenolic acid contents were determined by HPLC and UV/vis spectrometry. The contents of the studied elements were highest in Radix Rehmanniae, whereas lowest in Fructus Lycii and Fructus Crataegi. The studied metals were assayed in the decreasing order: Fe, Zn, Mn, Cu, Cr, Pb, and Cd. Radix Rehmanniae Glutinosae Preparata showed the lowest phenolic composition, while Fructus Lycii showed the richest content. Principal component analysis (PCA) revealed that the contents of ferulic acid, caffeic acid, rutin, and Cu, Cr, and Cd were among the most important factors responsible for the differentiation between the investigated medicinal plants. Cluster analysis (CA) showed that the TCM samples originating from the same botanical plant species were often found in the same cluster, which confirms the similar level of studied elements determined within the samples. Graphical abstract
Exploring Public Response to COVID-19 on Weibo with LDA Topic Modeling and Sentiment Analysis

Abstract It is necessary and important to understand public responses to crises, including disease outbreaks. Traditionally, surveys have played an essential role in collecting public opinion, while nowadays, with the increasing popularity of social media, mining social media data serves as another popular tool in opinion mining research. To understand the public response to COVID-19 on Weibo, this research collects 719,570 Weibo posts through a web crawler and analyzes the data with text mining techniques, including Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) topic modeling and sentiment analysis. It is found that, in response to the COVID-19 outbreak, people learn about COVID-19, show their support for frontline warriors, encourage each other spiritually, and, in terms of taking preventive measures, express concerns about economic and life restoration, and so on. Analysis of sentiments and semantic networks further reveals that country media, as well as influential individuals and “self-media,” together contribute to the information spread of positive sentiment.
Cross-Language Fake News Detection

Abstract With increasing globalization, news from different countries, and even in different languages, has become readily available and has become a way for many people to learn about other cultures. As people around the world become more reliant on social media, the impact of fake news on public society also increases. However, most of the fake news detection research focuses only on English. In this work, we compared the difference between textual features of different languages (Chinese and English) and their effect on detecting fake news. We also explored the cross-language transmissibility of fake news detection models. We found that Chinese textual features in fake news are more complex compared with English textual features. Our results also illustrated that the bidirectional encoder representations from transformers (BERT) model outperformed other algorithms for within-language data sets. As for detection in cross-language data sets, our findings demonstrated that fake news monitoring across languages is potentially feasible, while models trained with data from a more inclusive language would perform better in cross-language detection.
Tongxinluo promotes axonal plasticity and functional recovery after stroke

Abstract Background The aim of this study was to investigate the neural plasticity in contralesional cortex and the effects of tongxinluo (TXL) in cerebral ischemic rats. Methodology We used stroke-prone renovascular hypertensive (RHRSP) cerebral ischemia rat models to study the effect of TXL and the underlying mechanisms. We performed foot-fault and beam-walking tests to evaluate the motor function of rats after cortical infarction. Biotinylated dextran amine (BDA) was used to track axonal sprouting and neural connections. Results TXL enhanced the recovery of motor function in cerebral infarction rats. TXL increased axonal sprouting in the peri-infarcted area but not in the corpus callosum, indicating in situ origination instead of crossing between cortical hemispheres through the corpus callosum. TXL promoted the sprouting of corticospinal axons into the denervated side of spinal gray matter. The synaptophysin (SYN)-positive intensity in the peri-infarcted area of TXL-treated group was greater than that in the vehicle group. We observed co-localization of SYN with BDA-positive fibers in the denervated spinal cord gray matter in the TXL group, suggesting that axonal remodeling and synaptic connections were promoted by TXL. Conclusion TXL may promote the recovery of neurological function by promoting the axonal remodeling and synapse formation of motor neuronal fibers after focal cortical infarction in hypertensive rats.
Microscopic Studies on Liquid Crystal Poly(3,3‘ ‘‘-dialkylquaterthiophene) Semiconductor

Through tapping mode atomic force microscopy and transmission electron microscopy, we were able to directly visualize the nature of crystal domains of liquid crystalline poly(3,3‘ ‘‘-dialkylquaterthiophene) in its spin-coated films. The size of domains, consisting of large anisotropic lamellar stacks formed by arrays of π−π stacking polymer chains, was highly dependent on annealing temperature covering the range from the crystal-to-liquid crystal to the liquid crystal-to-isotropic phase transitions. After annealing at the melting temperature, slow cooling gave rise to close packing of parallel lamellar stacks within the domain, while fast cooling led to clear separation of lamellar stacks. The surface modification of the substrate was particularly critical to the orientation of these domains of lamellar stacks: the SiO2-surface modified with octyltrichlorosilane led to lamellar stacking domains oriented with their lamellar axes normal to the modified surface.
Studies on Decreasing Energy Consumption for a Freeze-Drying Process of Apple Slices

The shape, color, flavor, and rehydration capacity of freeze-dried (FD) products are all better than other dried products. However, the energy consumption during FD is very high, which limits the application of this drying method for common materials. In this article, microwave vacuum drying (MWVD) was applied before or after FD to decrease the energy consumption during FD. Moreover, energy consumption was divided into two parts: valid and invalid energy consumption. Apple slices were used as an example to calculate the saving percentage of invalid energy consumption by comparing combination drying with FD. Apple slices freeze dried for 8.28 h first and then dried by MWVD have the best appearance, with a savings of 39.20% in invalid energy consumption. But apple slices freeze dried for 6 h first followed by MWVD have the highest savings of invalid energy consumption, 54.02%, while still maintaining an acceptable appearance.