Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A note on finite difference discretizations for Poisson equation on a disk

A simple second‐order finite difference treatment of polar coordinate singularity for Poisson equation on a disk is presented. By manipulating the grid point locations, we can successfully avoid finding numerical boundary condition at the origin so that the resulting matrix is simpler than traditional schemes. The treatments for Dirichlet and Neumann boundary problems are slightly different by adjusting the radial mesh width. Furthermore, the present discretization can be applied with slight modifications to Helmholtz‐type equations. The numerical evidence shows that the second‐order accuracy can also be preserved. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq 17: 199–203, 2001
A Scientometric Analysis on Halal Awareness

This study aims to determine the development and trend of halal awareness maps published by Scopus indexed journals. The data analyzed were 200 publications of published documents. The export data is then processed and analyzed using the R Bibliometrix application program combined with VOSviewer to determine the halal awareness bibliometric map for research development. The results showed that the number of publications with the theme of halal awareness experienced a significant increase. The results showed that the most popular journal was the Journal of Islamic Marketing, the most popular author was Abdullah A. , and the most popular country was Malaysia. The most popular keyword topics are halal product, food industry, halal certification, halal logo and halal tourism. Furthermore, in conceptual structure, this research has spread thematic maps to place themes and sub-themes on the graph and divided them into four clusters (dropping or emerging themes, basic themes, highly developed and isolated themes, motor themes). Then, the conceptual framework developed will provide the necessary incentives for continued research in this emerging topic, which will benefit academics, researchers and practitioners around the world.
The solution of equations by iteration

The method of solving equations by iteration is very old and is discussed in many well-known books. But conditions for its validity have never been properly formulated. In the first place, it is necessary to know that the method will not carry us outside the domain of definition of our functions, and that the ‘approximations’ will not converge to something which is not a solution of the equations. These difficulties are easily forestalled; it is more difficult to ensure that the process really will converge. Our object will be to find the most general conditions under which we can set off with the certainty that we will ultimately arrive at a root, in the case of one equation with one unknown.
Bilateral Cellulitis Presented As Lower-Extremity Pain Reported in a Chiropractic Clinic: A Case Report

Bilateral lower-extremity cellulitis is a rare but serious condition that can lead to long-term health complications if left untreated. Herein, we report a case of a 71-year-old obese male with a two-month history of lower-extremity pain and ankle swelling. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed the presence of bilateral lower-extremity cellulitis, which was confirmed through blood culture by the patient's family doctor. The patient's initial presentation of musculoskeletal pain, limited mobility, and other features coupled with MRI findings served as indications for timely referral to the patient's family doctor for further evaluation and management. Chiropractors should be aware of the warning signs of infection and the importance of advanced imaging for diagnosing such cases. Early detection and prompt referral to a family doctor for care can help prevent long-term health complications associated with lower-extremity cellulitis.
Forests, fire and vegetation change impacts on Murray-Darling basin water resources

ABSTRACT The Murray-Darling River system is perhaps Australia’s most important, with significant social, cultural and environmental values including 16 Ramsar listed wetlands. The MDB is home to 2.6 million people and produces about $24 billion worth in agricultural production each year (about one-third of total value for Australia). Hydrologic issues, typified by water availability and quality, have existed for many years, peaking during the Millennium drought from 1997 to 2010. Competing interests (i.e. irrigation, tourism, environmental heath), and the declining flows and water quality during droughts, led governments and water management agencies to consider the risks to water resources in the system in the early-mid 2000s. This paper reviews changes to risks associated with forest dynamics, as identified by - afforestation and bushfire – and considers new issues that have emerged since that analysis. It was found that the potential impacts of bushfire on stream flows were over-estimated in past studies, and that a planned significant afforestation expansion into agricultural and grazing land that was projected to reduce stream flows did not occur. While these two risks now do not seem likely to have significant future impacts on flows, or consequent effects on downstream users, the interaction of elevated CO2 and increasing temperatures on vegetation functioning and subsequent hydrologic consequences at catchment scale require further research and analysis. Reduced rainfall and increased temperatures under future climate change are likely to have an impact on inputs and flows. Uncertainties in how these changes, and feedbacks between climate, drought, more frequent fire and vegetation responses, impact on system hydrology also require further investigation.
The use of drones to study the breeding productivity of Whooper Swan Cygnus cygnus

Abstract This research was carried out in north-eastern Poland, where Whooper Swan Cygnus cygnus is a sparse breeder. Whooper Swan is timid and exhibits a tendency to hide in emergent vegetation. A drone was used to improve the effectiveness of research into its breeding success and offspring productivity. The breeding density of Whooper Swan in the study area in 2022 was 10 pairs/100 km2. The number of breeding birds detected at the beginning of the breeding season did not differ according to the method used (drone vs ground). The breeding productivity of the sample of swans studied (N = 36) was 2.19 cygnets per breeding pair using the ground method, but 3.71 per pair with the drone, a significant difference (p-value of the Wilcoxon test = 0.0148). The traditional method showed that 50% of the pairs had bred successfully, whereas with the drone this figure was 79%. The birds either did not react to the drone’s presence or else moved slowly away. The drone study of Whooper Swan breeding productivity was considerably faster (9 min per site vs 1–2 h ground survey), more precise, and less invasive for the birds than a traditional ground survey.
Development and validation of a predictive model for the pedestal height

The pressure at the top of the edge transport barrier (or “pedestal height”) strongly impacts tokamak fusion performance. Predicting the pedestal height in future devices such as ITER [ITER Physics Basis Editors, Nucl. Fusion 39, 2137 (1999)] remains an important challenge. While uncertainties remain, magnetohydrodynamic stability calculations at intermediate wavelength (the “peeling-ballooning” model), accounting for diamagnetic stabilization, have been largely successful in determining the observed maximum pedestal height, when the edge barrier width is taken as an input. Here, we develop a second relation between the pedestal width in normalized poloidal flux (Δ) and pedestal height (Δ=0.076βθ,ped1/2), using an argument based upon kinetic ballooning mode turbulence and observation. Combining this relation with direct calculations of peeling-ballooning stability yields two constraints, which together determine both the height and width of the pedestal. The resulting model, EPED1, allows quantitative pre.
Sensitivity of Tropical Cyclone Inner-Core Size and Intensity to the Radial Distribution of Surface Entropy Flux

Abstract The surface energy (entropy) flux is critical to the development and maintenance of a tropical cyclone (TC). However, it is unclear how sensitive the inner-core size and intensity of a TC could be to the radial distribution of the surface entropy flux under the TC. Such a potential sensitivity is examined in this study using the multiply nested, fully compressible, nonhydrostatic TC model TCM4. By artificially eliminating the surface entropy fluxes in different radial extent in different experiments, the effect of the surface entropy flux in the different radial ranges on the inner-core size and intensity of a simulated TC is evaluated. Consistent with recent findings from axisymmetric models, the entropy flux in the eye region of a TC is found to contribute little to the storm intensity, but it plays a role in reducing the radius of maximum wind (RMW). Although surface entropy fluxes under the eyewall contribute greatly to the storm intensity, those outside the eyewall up to a radius of about 2–.
Linear systems with slowly varying transfer functions and their application to x-ray phase-contrast imaging

A novel theoretical treatment of linear shift-invariant imaging systems is developed, which allows explicit solution of forward and inverse problems in the case of large values of the generalized Fresnel number. The method will be useful in a variety of domains including optical instrumentation, biomedical imaging and materials science. Our approach is used to integrate two particularly topical x-ray imaging methods, namely propagation-based and analyser-crystal-based x-ray phase-contrast imaging.
Evidence of neo-bureaucracy and institutional isomorphism in the implementation and functioning of the balanced scorecard: A case study

Abstract Recent years have seen constant pressure for more efficient management in the educational sector, and some studies have addressed the application of the Balanced Scorecard (BSC) in this sector. Analysis of this literature shows that theoretical developments in this research area are scarce, so this article aims to examine the presence of institutional isomorphism and neo-bureaucracy in the implementation and development of the BSC in a public educational institution in Brazil. It investigates how the presence of isomorphic pressure and neo-bureaucratic characteristics influence the implementation and development of the BSC in this sector. An interpretative approach was adopted to study this topic, resorting to a single case study. Data were gathered through semi-structured interviews and documentary analysis, and treated using qualitative analysis software, i.e., Nvivo, (QSR International, Version 10). The presence of neo-bureaucratic characteristics was found in the implementation and development of the BSC, with these characteristics contributing to the success of the tool in the teaching institution studied. We also found the presence of isomorphic pressure, in the decision to introduce the BSC, showing a clear presence of coercive isomorphism. However, as in any single case study, the results cannot be generalized.
Coarticulation and consonant cluster production in Iwaidja.

Articulatory analyzes of consonant cluster production have provided a rich source of information for modeling the production of speech over the years. It has been suggested that Australian indigenous languages show remarkable stability in heterorganic C1C2 sequences where C1 is coronal and C2 is noncoronal as in /nk/ sequences. In other words they show little or no anticipatory place of articulation assimilation. In this paper, the focus is on consonant cluster production in Iwaidja, an endangered Australian indigenous language spoken in the Northern Territory, Australia. Like most Australian languages, Iwaidja has a rich set of oral stop, lateral, and nasal place of articulation contrasts. Results of an acoustic phonetic and electropalatographic study show that assimilation is resisted in various ways in order to maintain place contrasts in certain sequences. Strategies include gestural delay and associated lengthening of initial consonants in C1C2 sequences. Nevertheless there is also clear evidence of .
Characterization of irradiated and temperature-compensated gallium nitride surface acoustic wave resonators

Conventional electronic components are prone to failure and drift when exposed to space environments, which contain harsh conditions, such as extreme variation in temperature and radiation exposure. As a result, electronic components are often shielded with heavy and complex packaging. New material platforms that leverage the radiation and temperature tolerance of wide bandgap materials can be used to develop robust electronic components without complex packaging. One such component that is vital for communication, navigation and signal processing on space exploration systems is the on-board timing reference, which is conventionally provided by a quartz crystal resonator and is prone to damage from radiation and temperature fluctuations. As a possible alternative, this paper presents the characterization of microfabricated and wide bandgap gallium nitride (GaN) surface acoustic wave (SAW) resonators in radiation environments. Ultimately, in combination with the two-dimensional gas (2DEG) layer at the AlGaN/GaN interface, high electron mobility transistor (HEMT) structures can provide a monolithic solution for timing electronics on board space systems. One-port SAW resonators are microfabricated on a GaN-on-sapphire substrate are used to explore the impact of irradiation on the device performance. The GaN-based SAW resonator was subjected to extreme temperature conditions to study the change in resonance frequency. Thermal characterization of the resonator has revealed a self-compensating property at cryogenic temperatures. In addition, GaN-on-sapphire samples were irradiated using a Cs-137 source up to 55 krads of total ionizing dose (TID). The measured frequency response and Raman spectroscopy of the GaN/sapphire SAW resonators microfabricated from the irradiated samples are presented.
Detection of a variable interstellar absorption component towards δ Orionis A

Observations of δ Ori A made with the UHRF in its highest resolution mode (R≈900 000) have revealed the presence of a cool (Tk⩽350 K) variable absorption component at a heliocentric velocity of +21.3 km s−1. The component is detected in Na I D1, where clear hyperfine splitting is seen, and Ca II K. Comparison of our data with existing spectra suggests that the component has consistently increased in strength from 1966 to 1994, and subsequently reduced in intensity by 1999. Following a discussion of the possible origins of this component it is concluded that an interstellar, rather than circumstellar, origin is most likely. This is one of very few detections of variable interstellar absorption reported in the literature, and we suggest an origin within filamentary material associated with the expanding H I shell surrounding the Orion-Eridanus superbubble.
Wrist Extensor Training With Blood Flow Restriction for the Management of Lateral Elbow Tendinopathy: A Case Report

Lateral elbow tendinopathy (LET) is a common overuse injury with complex underlying pathophysiological mechanisms. Although several modes of exercise with or without passive interventions have been recommended as the first-line treatment option of the condition, their effectiveness remains inconclusive. The aim of this case report is to evaluate the effect of wrist extensor exercises with blood flow restriction (BFR) as an add-on intervention to a multi-modal physiotherapy programme to improve outcomes in a patient with LET. A 51-year-old male patient presented with a history of right LET for six months. Interventions included wrist extension exercise with BFR, a two-stage progressive loading training programme of the upper limb, soft-tissue massage, education and a home exercise programme for six weeks (12 visits). A substantial improvement in pain intensity, pain-free grip strength, Patient Rated Tennis Elbow Evaluation score and self-perceived recovery was reported at three-, six-, and 12-week follow-up measurements. A 21% reduction in pressure pain thresholds at the lateral epicondyle was found immediately after wrist extensor exercise with BFR. Based on our findings, adding wrist extensor exercises with BFR to a multimodal physiotherapy programme seems a promising approach to improve the treatment outcome in LET. Nonetheless, further research is needed to confirm the present results.
Deconstructing the Spectrum of the Soft X-Ray Background

The soft X-ray background in the 0.1-1.0 keV band is known to be produced by at least three sources: the Local Hot Bubble (LHB), the extragalactic power law (EPL), and a seemingly Galactic component that lies outside the bulk of the absorption that is caused by the ISM of the Galactic disk. This last component, which we call the "transabsorption emission" (TAE), has been modeled by a number of groups who have derived disparate measures of its temperature. The differences have arisen from differing assumptions about the structure of the emitting gas and unrecognized methodological difficulties. In particular, spectral fitting methods do not uniquely separate the TAE from the foreground emission that is caused by the LHB. This "degeneracy" can be resolved using the angular variation of the absorption of the TAE. We show that the TAE cannot be characterized by a single thermal component; no single-component model can be consistent with both the spectral energy distribution of the TAE and the angular variation caused by absorption by the Galactic disk. We use the angular anticorrelation of the ROSAT All-Sky Survey (RASS) with the Galactic absorption to separate local from distant emission components and to fit the spectral energy distribution of the resulting distant emission. We find that the emission is best described by a two-thermal-component model with log TS = 6.06 and log TH = 6.46. This two-thermal-component TAE fits the ROSAT spectral energy distribution significantly better than single-component models and is consistent with both angular variation and spectral constraints.
Sexual and reproductive health education in Australia: a qualitative study of health professionals’ views

ABSTRACT Young people tend to have low levels of sexual health literacy. The aims of this work were to explore health professionals’ perspectives of sexual and reproductive health (SRH) education in Australia and what they considered should be the core components of SRH curriculum, particularly for Year 11 and 12 students. In September and October, 2021, health professionals (n = 12) with expertise in SRH, in Victoria, Australia participated in semi-structured interviews. Data underwent descriptive qualitative analyses. Five themes and four sub-themes were identified. School-based SRH education was considered an important opportunity to provide young people with awareness and knowledge of SRH. In young people, awareness and knowledge of SRH were linked with higher levels of motivation and empowerment to protect SRH. Participants’ opinions of key areas that should be covered in SRH education aligned with the national Australia Curriculum, with additional teaching about the health care services available to young people considered important. Concern was expressed that formal SRH education often ceases at the end of Year 10. Participants advocated for collaboration between education and health care, including trained external providers of school-based SRH education and school-based health care to increase young peoples’ access to SRH information and care.
Minimization of multiple-valued input multi-output mixed-radix exclusive sums of products for incompletely specified Boolean functions

The concept of a mixed-radix multiple-valued input exclusive sum of products (MRESP) is presented, and some possible circuit realizations for the concept are discussed. The algorithm starts from a Boolean function and generates an approximate MRESP form and the appropriate multioutput circuit. Such circuits can have smaller complexity than the EXOR forms with mixed polarity, the PLAs with decoders, and the networks with two-variable function generators. They are also easily testable. <<ETX>>
Medicanes: A Review

Some small storms forming in the Mediterranean Sea have been spotted with visual and thermodynamical similarities with tropical cyclones. They are called medicanes , after Mediterranean hurricanes . Research on the scientific literature written about them shows that is still a developing subject, with many open discussed topics on some basic aspects of them. Generally, these cyclones occur as regular Mediterranean cyclones shrink in size and become detached of their frontal structures around their centre. They are known to cause damages to the coasts and lands affected by them, mainly in the form of floods both from the sea, from storm surges and wind-induced waves, and from extreme precipitation, which floods river basins. They occur in average once or twice a year and are most common in the Ionian Sea and the Western Mediterranean, with close to no activity in the East, and are of difficult prediction by weather models due to their small size and the unfamiliarity towards them. Future scenarios based on anthropogenic climate change project fewer, but stronger medicanes forming by the end of the 21 st century.
Measurements of heat transfer and flow structure in heated vertical channels

Experiments are performed to study the buoyancy effects on the heat transfer and flow process in a finite, vertical, rectangular channel. One of the walls is insulated and the opposite wall is heated uniformly. Air flow with a uniform velocity profile is made to enter the channel. Both the cases for buoyancy-assisted flow and opposed flow are studied. The mean velocity is controlled so that the channel flow is either laminar or turbulent when the plate is not heated. Flow visualization and temperature fluctuation measurements are conducted and used to provide information on flow structure. For buoyancy opposed flow, the occurrence of flow reversal, separation of flow, and generation of vortices are observed, which cause oscillations of the mainstream and lead to fluctuations in temperature. Flow reversal occurs initially in the downstream region and extends gradually upstream as the buoyancy parameter GrIRe2 increases, which destabilizes the flow structure and enhances the heat transfer process in the region it traverses. The effect of buoyancy on the local and the average Nusselt number over the heated plate is measured and presented. Correlations of Nusselt number in terms of relevant nondimensional parameters are obtained for the Reynolds number varied from 600 to 2200 and the buoyancy parameter GrIRe2 from 0.7 to 95.
Propagation observations of the solar wind near the sun

New measurements of the solar wind electron density between 2 and 22 solar radii are reported. The spatial spectrum between scales of 100 m and 100 km and between 1000 km and 10,000 km is estimated, and radar observations are used to provide independent estimates of the mean electron density and its radial gradient. The spectra apparently show the onset of a dissipative process at an 'inner scale' of the order of 2 km at distances of 4-6 solar radii. The inner scale increases monotonically with radial distance. Below the inner scale, the spectra exhibit a local flattening before steepening again toward very low frequencies. This flattening, which occurs at scales of 3-300 km, represents a substantial excess of turbulent power over what would be predicted by a Kolmogorov extrapolation from the larger scales. 42 references.