Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
THE DISTRIBUTION AND ABUNDANCE OF THE SPINDLE TREE, EUONYMUS EUROPAEUS, IN SOUTHERN ENGLAND WITH PARTICULAR REFERENCE TO FORECASTING INFESTATIONS OF THE BLACK BEAN APHID, APHIS FABAE

SUMMARY (1) A method is discussed for determining distribution and abundance of the spindle tree, Euonymus europaeus L. This could be used for other hedgerow species. (2) The work forms part of a study on forecasting of crop infestations of the black bean aphid, Aphisfabae Scop. based on overwintering populations on spindle for which corrections need to be made for the varying abundance of this winter host. (3) In southern England, spindle occurs in hedgerows, scrubland and woodland and is generally associated with calcareous soils where it is sometimes 'Common' (126-625 bushes/10 kM2) or locally 'Abundant' (>625/10 kM2) except on open downland where hedgerows are scarce or where the chalk and limestone are overlain by acidic soils. Elsewhere spindle is widely distributed, often at densities of about 6-25 bushes/10 km2 though it is 'Absent' or 'Very Rare' (<5 bushes/10 kM2) in some large areas such as the Fenland and much of the Midlands. It is, however, 'Occasional' to 'Common' (26-625 bushes/10 kM2) in some non-calcareous areas notably over parts of the Old Red Sandstone in Herefordshire and S. Shropshire and over Weald Clay. (4) The data were used to make adjustments to forecasts in sixteen areas in southern England. This notably improved forecasts in areas of high spindle density in contrast to areas of low density. The correction factors will therefore be applied only in high density areas.
INFLAMMATORY ACTIVITY, BUT NOT METHOTREXATE OR PREDNISONE USE PREDICTS NON-HODGKINS LYMPHOMA IN RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS: A 25-YEAR STUDY OF 1,767 RA PATIENTS

Abstract 931Non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (NHL) are increased among patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), but the reason for this increase is not known. Recently a warning was placed in the labeling for methotrexate (MTX) indicating that it was associated with risk of NHL. This warning was based on cas
Search for amino acids affecting the taste of Japanese sake

The effect of twenty kinds of amino acid on the taste of Japanese sake was investigated. Results of tests by a three point discernment taste examining method using pure composition Japanese sake indicated four kinds of amino acids -alanine, arginine, glutamic acid, and aspartic acid— as the amino acids which affect taste. Alanine was determined to be the amino acid producing sweetness. Arginine was judged as the amino acid causing bitterness. Glutamic and aspartic acid yielded acidity, astringency, and added flavor, and were judged as those amino acids producing unpleasant taste.
The human equation : building profits by putting people first

Why is common sense so uncommon when it comes to managing people? How is it that so many seemingly intelligent organizations implement harmful management practices and ideas? In his provocative new book, The Human Equation, bestselling author Jeffrey Pfeffer examines why much of the current conventional wisdom is wrong and asks us to re-think the way managers link people with organizational performance. Pfeffer masterfully builds a powerful business case for managing people effectively--not just because it makes for good corporate policy, but because it results in outstanding performance and profits. Challenging current thinking and practice, Pfeffer: reveals the costs of downsizing and provides alternatives; identifies troubling trends in compensation, and suggests better practices; explains why even the smartest managers sometimes manage people unwisely; demonstrates how market-based forces can fail to create good people management practices, creating a need for positive public policy; and provides practical guidelines for implementing high-performance management practices. Filled with information and ideas, The Human Equation provides much-needed guidance for managing people more wisely and more profitably.
Effects of programme context on memory of humorous television commercials.

This study examined the effects of programme context on the memory of humorous television advertisements among a youth sample aged 16 to 18 years. Additionally, the relationship between the enjoyment and involvement properties of the programme and memory for advertisements were investigated. An experimental design was developed to test the memory for a set of six humorous and a set of six non-humorous advertisements within two programme contexts—a news bulletin and a comedy show. Findings indicated that unaided recall for advertisements was affected by programme type with memory for advertising being better from news than from comedy. Further, memory for humorous advertisements was better than that for non-humorous advertisements. Audience involvement with, and enjoyment of, the surrounding programme were found to be associated with poorer memory for advertisement content. Copyright © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Buidling a Network Theory of Social Capital

In the past two decades, social capital in its various forms and contexts has emerged as one of the most salient concepts in social sciences. While much excitement has been generated, divergent views, perspectives, and expectations have also raised the serious question : is it a fad or does it have enduring qualities that will herald a new intellectual enterprise? This presentation's purpose is to review social capital as discussed in the literature, identify controversies and debates, consider some critical issues, and propose conceptual and research strategies in building a theory. I will argue that such a theory and the research enterprise must be based on the fundamental understanding that social capital is captured from embedded resources in social networks . Deviations from this understanding in conceptualization and measurement lead to confusion in analyzing causal mechanisms in the macroand microprocesses. It is precisely these mechanisms and processes, essential for an interactive theory about structure and action, to which social capital promises to make contributions .
Integrated nutrient management for better soil fertility and rice productivity

A field experiment was conducted to study the influence of farmyard manure in combination with chemical fertilizers on rice productivity and soil quality. The highest grain yield (4.37 t ha−1) was recorded with 150% with 10 kg Zn + 10 t FYM ha−1. The availability of nutrients like organic carbon, N, P2O5 and K2O increased with increasing fertility levels. Similarly, the effect of FYM and Zn were also conspicuous. The availability of micronutrients like Zn and Cu decreased while Fe and Cu increased with increasing fertility levels. The addition of FYM either maintained the Zn and Cu level in soil or checked its volume to go down the threshold limit.
Seed Borne Fungi of Cowpea, Their Parasitisms and Control

Nineteen fungi were found associated with abnormal, wrinkled and discoloured seeds of cowpea variety 5269 whereas such seeds of Pusa Barsati carried only 13 fungal species in standard blotter and agar plate methods. Normal and healthy looking seeds of variety 5269 and Pusa Barsati carried eight and seven fungal species, respectively. Surface disinfection of seeds with mercuric chlbride considerably reduced the number of fungal species and colonies thereof. Chlorine pre-treatment of seeds facilitated better development of Alternaria alternata. Lasiodiplodia theobromae, Drechslera tetramera and Fusarium moniliforme. Nine fungal species were found pathogenic to cause seed rot, pre-emergence mortality, seedling blight and spotlblight diseases. Seed treatment with a mixture of TMTD and carbendazim (1.25 + 1.0 g/kg seed), carbendazim and TMTD alone, mancozeb 75% WP (each 2 g/kg) seed), metalaxyl (1.0 g/kg seed) and thiophanate methyl (1.5 g/kg seed) were found effective in controlling fungi associated with the improvement in germination by 10.5–14.25% over control.
I. EXPRESSION, PURIFICATION, AND COMPARISON OF DE NOVO AND MAINTENANCE METHYLATION*

(kcat) was 131‐237 h 21 on poly(dI-dC)zpoly(dI-dC), 1.2‐2.3 h 21 on unmethylated DNA, and 8.3‐ 49 h 21 on hemimethylated DNA. The Michaelis constants for DNA (K m ) and S-adenosyl-L-methionine (AdoMet) (Km ) ranged from 0.33‐1.32 and 2.6 ‐7.2 mM, respectively, whereas the ratio of kcat/Km ranged from 3.9 to 44 (237‐336 for poly(dI-dC)zpoly(dI-dC)) 3 10 6 M 21 h 21 . The preference of the enzyme for hemimethylated, over unmethylated, DNA was 7‐21-fold. The values of k cat on hemimethylated DNAs showed a 2‐3-fold difference, depending upon which strand was pre-methylated. Furthermore, human DNMT1 formed covalent complexes with substrates containing 5-fluoro-CNG, indicating that substrate specificity extended beyond the canonical CG dinucleotide. These results show that, in addition to maintenance methylation, human DNMT1 may also carry out de novo and non-CG methyltransferase activities in vivo.
The relationship between cerebral blood flow and the cerebral blood flow velocity: Influence of halothane and cerebral CO2 reactivity

Objective: This controlled study was designed to investigate 1. ) the effects of 0,8% halothane and 2. ) the effects of a variation in PaCO2 on the relationship between global cerebral blood flow (CBF) and middle cerebral artery flow velocity (VMCA). Method: With ethical committee approval and informed patient consent we investigated 10 patients undergoing coronary artery bypass surgery. Measurements were performed under fentanyl/midazolam anesthesia prior to the start of surgery. First, during a baseline period, ventilation was changed in a random sequence to achieve two different levels of arterial PCO2 (30 and 50 mmHg, respectively). Consequently, measurements were repeated during application of 0.8% halothane at identical PaCO2 levels. Measurements of global CBF were performed by modified Kety-Schmidt-technique using argon gas as an indicator. Simultaneously, VMCA was recorded by use of a 2-Mhz transcranial Doppler system. results: Application of 0.8% halothane caused a significant decrease in cerebrovascular resistance (CVR) both at hypocapnia and hypercapnia by 36% and 23%, respectively. Because of a concomitant reduction in cerebral perfusion pressure (CPPJVB), however, CBF remained unchanged during application of halothane. The relationship between CBF and VMCA was not altered when compared to the baseline period. Similarly, CO2 reactivity of CBF and VMCA remained unchanged. CO2 reactivity of CBF significantly exceeded CO2 reactivity of VMCA. conclusion: The results of this clinical study demonstrate that Doppler-sonographic estimation of relative changes in CBF is not altered by application of 1 MAC halothane indicating that the decrease in CVR is not associated with a vasodilation of the proximal segments of basal cerebral arteries. The difference between CO2 reactivity of CBF and VMCA, however, suggests that CO2-induced changes in CBF are slightly underestimated by TCD monitoring of VMCA.
Bigger babies are bolder: effects of body size on personality of hatchling snakes

An animal’s susceptibility to risk may be partly dependent on its body size. But are larger individuals bolder? We assessed this question by measuring time to emerge from a shelter in repeated trials on hatchling keelback snakes (Tropidonophis mairii). Estimates of repeatability of emergence times suggested they measure some underlying personality dimension related to boldness. Larger hatchlings emerged from shelter sooner than small ones. Hatchling mass of keelbacks is substantially influenced both by maternal phenotype and by incubation conditions. Given the environmental basis of much of the variation in offspring size, the size-boldness association may reflect a facultative ability to adjust behavioural tactics to body size, as well as innate differences in personality traits between large versus small hatchlings. The link between size and boldness suggests that the survival advantage of larger offspring size in this population may be driven by snake behaviour as well as morphology.
Analysis of amino acid uptake and translocation in Arabidopsis with a low‐cost hydroponic system

In soils, amino acids may be an important source of nitrogen for plants, at least in those where organic matter is not quickly degraded. The physiology of uptake of amino acids by roots was mainly studied in the 70's and 80's, before genes encoding amino acid importers were cloned in the 90's. While two families of amino acid transporters have been identified, yielding a total of about 100 genes, the role of each member is yet to be elucidated. As a tool for studying the role of amino acid transporters from Arabidopsis we set up a new hydroponic system suitable for radioisotope use. This system enables reproducible amino acid uptake by roots and estimation of the transport to the shoots of the amino acid taken up. We show that the rates of glutamine (Gln) uptake by wild-type roots and transfer to the shoots were linear, and that other tested amino acids were translocated to the shoots with lower efficiency than Gln. A T-DNA insertion mutant for a Gln exporter was compared to the wild-type plants. Gln uptake and transfer were similar in both genotypes, showing that the suppression of the exporter did not affect uptake or transfer of amino acids to the shoots. The main advantage of the hydroponic system presented here is that all the materials used to grow Arabidopsis are virtually free and can therefore be discarded, a useful feature when working with radioactivity.
A SURVEY FOR PATHOGENS OF FIRE ANTS, SOLENOPSIS SPP.,' IN THE SOUTHEASTERN UNITED STATES

In a survey conducted in the Southeastern United States, one colony in a sample of 1,007 colonies of the red imported fire ant, Solenopsis invicta Buren, was infected with a microsporidium (Protozoa: Microsporida). The normal host of this parasite appears to be the tropical fire ant, Solenopsis geminata (F.). A benign or very mildly pathogenic yeast was associated with 93 (9.24%) of the S. Invicta colonies, and was most common in areas which have been infested with this ant for the longest periods. No pathogens were associated with 83 colonies of the black imported fire ant, Solenopsis richteri Forel. The apparent rarity of bona fide pathogens in imported fire ants in the United States is in marked contrast to the abundance of pathogens in these and other Solenopsis spp. In South America. Four species of microsporidia (possibly new genera) were detected in 22 (7.2%), 12 (3.9%), 6 (2.0%), and 4 (1.3%) of 307 colonies of the tropical fire ant, S. Geminata. One colony of this species was infected by a neogregarine (Sporozoa: Neogregarinida). No pathogens were found in a small sample (53 colonies) of the Southern fire ant, Solenopsis xyloni McCook.
The Infant Sleep Questionnaire: A New Tool to Assess Infant Sleep Problems for Clinical and Research Purposes

Most published questionnaires for infant sleep problems form part of general questionnaires looking at a wider range of infant behaviours. This paper evaluates the Infant Sleep Questionnaire (ISQ), a maternal selfreport questionnaire designed specifically to assess sleeping behaviour in 12–18-month-old infants. The sensitivity and specificity of the ISQ as compared to maternal sleep diary measures is reported. The use of the ISQ for clinical and research purposes is discussed.
Structure and heat content of the West Spitsbergen Current

The seasonal evolution of the hydrographic structure of the West Spitsbergen Current (WSC) above bottom depths from 300 m to 800 m is discussed based on a modern data set with high spatial resolution. The WSC appears to have a core with high temperature and salinity, linked to the topography in this depth interval, with a width on the order of 10 km. Strong cooling occurs in the autumn, reducing the heat content of the upper 200 m, but advected temperature and salinity maxima survive close to the surface in spring when air-sea exchange and vertical mixing is hampered by sea ice and meltwater.
Organization and occupation influences in the attraction-selection-attrition process

This study tested predictions from B. Schneider's (1987) attraction-selection-attrition (ASA) model across 5 organizations (n = 681). Organization membership and occupational attributes interacted with individuals' turnover intentions to predict several personality variables. Relationships among organization membership, occupation type, and personality were partially mediated by perceived structure. The 3-way interaction analyses indicated that occupation type may compensate for the effects of organizational characteristics in making particular traits more suitable for a given organization. The overall pattern of findings supports the more general ASA predictions, but the findings also suggest a need to develop a more refined conceptualization of the trait homogenization process. The authors also discuss what trait homogenization processes may imply about interpreting findings in organizational behavior research in general and better understanding organizational diversity, culture, and organizations' capabilities in responding to change.
Spatial distribution of 222Rn concentrations and dose estimations in various waters

ABSTRACT In this article, the levels of 222Rn concentrations, annual effective doses, and excess lifetime cancer risk estimations were investigated for water samples in the city of Osmaniye, located in the southern part of Turkey. The measurements were conducted using a radon gas analyzer (AlphaGUARD PQ 2000 PRO). The arithmetic average of 222Rn concentrations was 0.44 Bq.L−1 with a geometric standard deviation of 0.19 and geometric average 0.41 Bq.L−1. The results obtained were compared with the findings of other studies. All measured radon concentrations were below the values recommended by the World Health Organization and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. The associated radiological parameters such as annual effective doses (AED) and excess lifetime cancer risk (ELCR) from consumption of these waters were calculated. The computed average annual effective doses for ingestion and inhalation as well as excess lifetime cancer risk were estimated to be 1.13 μSv. y−1, 1.10 μSv. y−1, and 3.95 × 10−6, respectively. 222Rn concentration, AED, and ELCR interpolated values of the region were determined and mapped using the Kriging method. The results of radon concentrations in this study provide a data baseline for future studies on subsequent evaluations of possible future environmental contamination of Osmaniye Province.
Organic, integrated and chemical farming in wheat (Triticum aestivum) under maize (Zea mays)-wheat cropping system

A field experiment with organic vs chemical farming with maize (Zea mays L.)-wheat (Triticum aestivum L. emend. Fiori & Paol.) system was initiated during 199G97. On the same field, the investigation was expanded to organic (pure), integrated (partial) and chemical farming systems during winter seasons of 2001-02 and 2002- 03 and was conducted at the experimental farm, Ludhiana, on sandy-loam irrigated soil. In maize-wheat se- quence, on an average M2,-M2,-RI [FYM 20 tonneslha each to maize and wheat and incorporation of residues (RI)], MI,-MI,-GM, RI (GM-green manuring before maize), Rec. -GM-RI (Rec.-recommended chemical fertilizers) and Rec. -GM-RO (RO-residue removed); pure and partial organic farming treatments gave 12.4, 8.3, 8.0 and 5.9% higher wheat grain yield than the Rec. treatment. M2,-M2,-RI and MI,-MI,-GM-RI (pure organic), Rec. -GM- RI and Rec. -GM-RO (partial organic) treatments produced significantly higher plant height, dry-matter accumula- tion, leaf-area index, PAR1 (%), effective tillers/m2, ear length, number of grainslear and recorded higher root density and SPAD readings and also showed less canopy and soil temperature as compared to Rec. treatments.
A computer-based system simulating snowpack structures as a tool for regional avalanche forecasting

Abstract This paper describes the current state of a complete automatic system of three numerical models that simulate snow-cover stratigraphy and avalauche risks for operational avalanche forecasting. The first model, SAFRAN, estimates relevant meteorological parameters affecting snowpack evolution. The second Crocus, is a snow numerical model which simulates the physical processes inside the snowpack and its stratigraphy. The last model, MÉPRA, is an expert system; based on an assessment of snowpack stability, it deduces natural and accidental avalanche risks. To describe the great Variability of the snowpack and the associated avalanche risks, this automatic system simulates snow-cover evolution and its stability for many typical slopes, elevations and aspects representative of the different French massifs. To achieve this result, different kinds of validations have been carried out since winter 1981; they are mainly based on comparisons with different sets of measurements and on the opinion of users. Although the routinely obtained results do not yet take into account all small-scale effects such as wind transport, they have been considered as valuable information by avalanche forecasters since 1992 93 and used operationally since then.
A complex of distal appendage–associated kinases linked to human disease regulates ciliary trafficking and stability

Significance Primary cilia (PC) are sensory organelles essential for the development and maintenance of adult tissues. Accordingly, dysfunction of PC causes human disorders called ciliopathies. Hence, a thorough understanding of the molecular regulation of PC is critical. Our findings highlight CSNK2A1 as a modulator of cilia trafficking and stability, tightly related to TTBK2 function. Enriched at the centrosome, CSNK2A1 prevents abnormal accumulation of key ciliary proteins, instability at the tip, and aberrant activation of the Sonic Hedgehog pathway. Furthermore, we establish that Csnk2a1 mutations associated with Okur-Chung neurodevelopmental disorder (OCNDS) alter cilia morphology. Thus, we report a potential linkage between CSNK2A1 ciliary function and OCNDS. Cilia biogenesis is a complex, multistep process involving the coordination of multiple cellular trafficking pathways. Despite the importance of ciliogenesis in mediating the cellular response to cues from the microenvironment, we have only a limited understanding of the regulation of cilium assembly. We previously identified Tau tubulin kinase 2 (TTBK2) as a key regulator of ciliogenesis. Here, using CRISPR kinome and biotin identification screening, we identify the CK2 catalytic subunit CSNK2A1 as an important modulator of TTBK2 function in cilia trafficking. Superresolution microscopy reveals that CSNK2A1 is a centrosomal protein concentrated at the mother centriole and associated with the distal appendages. Csnk2a1 mutant cilia are longer than those of control cells, showing instability at the tip associated with ciliary actin cytoskeleton changes. These cilia also abnormally accumulate key cilia assembly and SHH-related proteins. De novo mutations of Csnk2a1 were recently linked to the human genetic disorder Okur-Chung neurodevelopmental syndrome (OCNDS). Consistent with the role of CSNK2A1 in cilium stability, we find that expression of OCNDS-associated Csnk2a1 variants in wild-type cells causes ciliary structural defects. Our findings provide insights into mechanisms involved in ciliary length regulation, trafficking, and stability that in turn shed light on the significance of cilia instability in human disease.