Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
ENSIALIC TECTONIC SETTING OF THE ARCHAEAN RIO DAS VELHAS GREENSTONE BELT: Nd AND Pb ISOTOPIC EVIDENCE FROM THE BONFIM METAMORPHIC COMPLEX, QUADRILÁTERO FERRÍFERO, BRAZIL

RESUMO POSICIONAMENTO ENSIALICO DO GREENSTONE BELT RIO DAS VELHAS: EVIDENCIAS ISOTOPICAS DE Nd E Pb DO COMPLEXO METAMORFICO BONFIM, QUADRILATERO FERRIFERO, BRASIL O Complexo Metamorfico Bonfim e um dos vdrios fragmentos de idade arqueana que constituem a crosta sialica da porcao meridional do Craton do Sao Francisco, situado na regiao leste do territ6rio brasileiro. A porcao setentrional do Complexo, localizada na regiao do Quadrilatero Ferrifero, consiste de oito unidades litoestratigraticas, das quais seis sao neoarqueanas e formadas por gnaisses de composicao trondhjemitica a granitica, granitoides intrusivos e diques anfiboliticos. As outras duas, uma e do Mesoproterozoico e a outra, provavelmente, do Fanerozoico. A nucleacao primitiva deste complexo teve inicio no Mesoarqueano, ha cerca de 3200 Ma atras, como sugerido pelas idades modelo Sm-Nd (TDM) e pela heranca isotopica de Pb encontrada no nucleo de zircoes dos gnaisses estudados. No entanto, esta crosta primitiva foi severamente retrabalhada no decorrer do Evento Tectonotermal Rio das Velhas (2780 - 2700 Ma). No decorrer deste evento, alem do metamorfismo impresso nas rochas do Complexo Metamorfico Bonfim Setentrional, a crosta sialica e o greenstone belt Rio das Velhas, na regiao do Quadrilatero Ferrifero, foram palco de magmatismo calcio-alcalino e tholeiitico. As caracteristicas geologicas deste evento, suportadas pela assinatura geoquimica das rochas do Complexo Metamorfico Bonfim Setentrional, sugerem um ambiente tectonico similar a aquele das margens convergentes atuais. Pequenos corpos e diques de rochas graniticas, com idade em torno de 2703 ± 24/20 Ma, datadas pelo metodo U-Pb em zircoes, intrudem o Complexo Metam6rfico Bonfim Setentrional, encerrando a evolucao tectonica neoarqueana da regiao estudada. Durante o Proterozoico, as rochas do Complexo Bonfim foram sucessivamente afetadas por processes metam6rficos de baixo grau que promoveram reajustes isotopicos variaveis nos sistemas Rb-Sr (rocha total) e K-Ar (em minerais). Finalmente, a partir dos dados petrologicos, geoqufmicos e geocronologicos dispomveis, apresenta-se um modelo tectonico global para explicar a evolucao tectonica do Quadrilatero Ferrifero do Meso- ao Neoarqueano. Este modelo envolve os seguintes ambientes e processes geologicos: margens convergentes, plumas mantelicas, mistura de magmas, acumulacao de material mafico na base da crosta sialica arqueana e sua fusao parcial, injecao e contaminacao magmatica, tectonica extensional, formacao de bacias, oceanizacao, magmatismo granitico, calcio-alcalino, mafico e ultramafico, fechamento e inversao de bacia sedimentar durante o Evento Tectonotermal Rio das Velhas.
Lateral POC transport and consumption in surface and deep waters of the Canary Current region: A box model study

We have estimated the lateral transport and consumption, from surface to 3000 m, of suspended particulate organic carbon (POC), through a box model approach, in the Canary Current region (subtropical northeast Atlantic). Our results show that lateral POC fluxes are up to 3 orders of magnitude higher than vertical fluxes. In the mesopelagic ocean, the central waters (100–700 m) presented a net carbon consumption of 8.51 × 108 mol C d−1 with the highest POC entering through the more coastal section. This lateral flux accounted for 28–59% of the total mesopelagic respiration (R), on the basis of lower and upper case scenarios of vertical POC inputs and dissolved organic carbon contribution to R. We suggest that boundary currents may support higher lateral export of coastally produced POC than previously assumed. A large fraction of this POC would, however, be remineralized in the upper 1000 m instead of being transported to the ocean interior.
The OSCAR-MP Consensus Criteria for Quality Assessment of Retinal Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography

Background and Objectives Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) is a noninvasive high-resolution imaging technique for assessing the retinal vasculature and is increasingly used in various ophthalmologic, neuro-ophthalmologic, and neurologic diseases. To date, there are no validated consensus criteria for quality control (QC) of OCTA. Our study aimed to develop criteria for OCTA quality assessment. Methods To establish criteria through (1) extensive literature review on OCTA artifacts and image quality to generate standardized and easy-to-apply OCTA QC criteria, (2) application of OCTA QC criteria to evaluate interrater agreement, (3) identification of reasons for interrater disagreement, revision of OCTA QC criteria, development of OCTA QC scoring guide and training set, and (4) validation of QC criteria in an international, interdisciplinary multicenter study. Results We identified 7 major aspects that affect OCTA quality: (O) obvious problems, (S) signal strength, (C) centration, (A) algorithm failure, (R) retinal pathology, (M) motion artifacts, and (P) projection artifacts. Seven independent raters applied the OSCAR-MP criteria to a set of 40 OCTA scans from people with MS, Sjogren syndrome, and uveitis and healthy individuals. The interrater kappa was substantial (κ 0.67). Projection artifacts were the main reason for interrater disagreement. Because artifacts can affect only parts of OCTA images, we agreed that prior definition of a specific region of interest (ROI) is crucial for subsequent OCTA quality assessment. To enhance artifact recognition and interrater agreement on reduced image quality, we designed a scoring guide and OCTA training set. Using these educational tools, 23 raters from 14 different centers reached an almost perfect agreement (κ 0.92) for the rejection of poor-quality OCTA images using the OSCAR-MP criteria. Discussion We propose a 3-step approach for standardized quality control: (1) To define a specific ROI, (2) to assess the occurrence of OCTA artifacts according to the OSCAR-MP criteria, and (3) to evaluate OCTA quality based on the occurrence of different artifacts within the ROI. OSCAR-MP OCTA QC criteria achieved high interrater agreement in an international multicenter study and is a promising QC protocol for application in the context of future clinical trials and studies.
Tornado climatology of Canada revisited: tornado activity during different phases of ENSO

Tornadoes are a significant hazard in some parts of Canada, particularly in the southern Prairie provinces and southwestern Ontario, though they are not as common as in some parts of the US. Since the early 1980s, the regional weather offices in Canada have been recording tornado event information on a routine basis, and thus data exists that can be used to update older analyses of tornado frequencies. On average, about 60 tornadoes are reported each year, though many doubtless occur that are not observed or recorded in the Environment Canada records. An analysis of tornado frequencies with El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events suggest that the cooler La Niña events tend to suppress tornadic activity, while El Niño events tend to enhance it (though there are exceptions to this trend). Copyright © 2001 Crown in the right of Canada. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Sedimentology, stratigraphy, and geochronology of the Proterozoic Mazatzal Group, central Arizona

Quartzite, conglomerate, and shale of the Mazatzal Group record the filling of a Prot erozoic intra-arc basin in central Arizona. U-Pb ages of zircons from rhyolite ash-flow tuff indicate that deposition began at 1701 ± 2 Ma. Basal deposits of the newly defined Pine Creek Conglomerate formed in an alluvial-fan setting, synchronous with the final phase of extrusive rhyolite volcanism and active faulting. After volcanic activity ceased, shallower-slope braided-stream environments developed in early Deadman Quartzite time. Subsequent marine transgression produced shallow subaqueous deposits of the upper part of the Deadman Quartzite. These were overlain by prodelta sediments of the Maverick Shale, indicating a phase of basin deepening. Finally, the Mazatzal Peak Quartzite was deposited as the basin shoaled again, first to shallow- marine and subsequently to fluvial conditions. The quartzite is diagenetic quartz arenite, originally deposited as lithic arenite and lithic arkose. The provenance was initially restricted, and earliest sediment was derived mainly from the subjacent Red Rock Group. When tectonic activity ceased, how ever, the surrounding highlands were planed down by erosion, and detritus from a wider variety of source rocks was funneled into the basin. This included contributions from arc-related supracrustal rocks of the Payson Ophiolite and East Verde River Formation, and finally a granitic basement input. Detrital quartz in the lower part of the Mazatzal Group is largely monocrystalline, and volcanic in origin. Polycrystalline quartz, associated with detrital feldspar and of probable continental affinity, is concentrated in the uppermost parts of the sequence. The life span of the intra-arc basin was on the order of 30 m.y. , from the formation of the Payson Ophiolite at 1.73 Ga to the deposition of the upper Mazatzal Peak Quartzite sometime after 1.70 Ga. The pre-Mazatzal Red Rock Group represents the last stages of volcanic arc activity, and the Mazatzal Group records the transition from orogenic to nonorogenic sedimentation in central Arizona.
Âge de la déglaciation finale et histoire postglaciaire de la végétation dans la partie centrale du Nouveau-Québec

L'analyse poliinique, l'analyse macrofossile, ainsi que la datation au radiocarbone de quatre carottes de sediments lacustres postglaciaires, ont permis d'etablir l'âge minimal de la deglaciation et l'histoire postglaciaire de la vegetation dans la partie centrale du Nouveau-Quebec, ou ont persiste quelques-uns des derniers lambeaux de la calotte glaciaire wisconsinienne au Quebec. La deglaciation s'est echelonnee entre 6200 ans BP, qui represente l'amorce de la stagnation finale au sud-ouest de la ligne de partage glaciaire terminale, et 5600 ans BP, qui represente l'âge minimal de la fusion finale de la glace, en terre haute, au nord-est de la ligne de partage. Le delai entre la disparition de la glace et l'accumulation des premiers sediments organiques datables dans les petits lacs a ete tres court. La colonisation vegetale fut immediate, relativement massive, tant par les arbres et les arbustes que par les plantes herbacees. L'aulne crispe (Alnus crispa) et le meleze (Larix laricina) dominerent au debut, mais toutes les autres especes d'arbres etaient deja presentes. Une taiga a epi-nette noire (Picea mariana) beaucoup plus dense qu'aujourd'hui a occupe le paysage entre 5500 et 4400 ans BP environ. Le principal trait de l'histoire postglaciaire de la vegetation est l'ouverture generalisee de la couverture arbo-reenne et arbustive, qui s'amorce vers 4700 a 4300 ans BP refletant sans doute l'avenement d'un climat plus froid. La seule indication d'une eventuelle fluctuation climatique est representee par deux periodes de plus grande abondance du bouleau blanc, entre 5750 et 4750 ans et entre 3600 et 2500 ans enregistrees en un site de la region.
Analysis of Metacognitive Approach to The Mathematics Reasoning Ability of Students of State Elementary School of Pamulang 01

This research was motivated by students' low mathematical reasoning ability in elementary schools and the demands of numeracy literacy through the minimum competency assessment (AKM) program launched by the government, requiring students to improve their reasoning abilities by applying a metacognitive approach. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of the metacognitive approach in improving students' mathematical reasoning abilities on the material of the spatial structure. The method used in this study was an experimental research method with a quasi-experimental approach, with a sample size of 59 students (31 students in the control class and 28 students in the experimental class), with a pretest-posttest-only control group design. The results obtained from the calculation of the independent sample t-test revealed a t-count of 0.356, less than a t-table of 2.002. It indicates no difference in students' mathematical reasoning ability between the experimental and control classes. Thus, the metacognitive learning approach did not significantly affect the mathematical reasoning ability of students in sixth grade of State Elementary School of Pamulang 01. In other words, it can be said that the metacognitive learning approach for students at State Elementary School of Pamulang 01 was not appropriate for learning mathematics. The results of this study are expected to be useful to related parties who can use it, such as school principals, teachers, parents, students, and further researchers.
In need of age‐appropriate cardiac models: Impact of cell age on extracellular matrix therapy outcomes

Aging is the main risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD). As the world's population ages rapidly and CVD rates rise, there is a growing need for physiologically relevant models of aging hearts to better understand cardiac aging. Translational research relies heavily on young animal models; however, these models correspond to early ages in human life, therefore cannot fully capture the pathophysiology of age‐related CVD. Here, we first investigated the transcriptomic and proteomic changes that occur with human cardiac aging. We then chronologically aged human induced pluripotent stem cell‐derived cardiomyocytes (iCMs) and showed that 14‐month‐old iCMs exhibited a similar aging profile to the human CMs and recapitulated age‐related disease hallmarks. Using aged iCMs, we studied the effect of cell age on the young extracellular matrix (ECM) therapy, an emerging approach for myocardial infarction (MI) treatment and prevention. Young ECM decreased oxidative stress, improved survival, and post‐MI beating in aged iCMs. In the absence of stress, young ECM improved beating and reversed aging‐associated expressions in 3‐month‐old iCMs while causing the opposite effect on 14‐month‐old iCMs. The same young ECM treatment surprisingly increased SASP and impaired beating in advanced aged iCMs. Overall, we showed that young ECM therapy had a positive effect on post‐MI recovery; however, cell age was determinant in the treatment outcomes without any stress conditions. Therefore, “one‐size‐fits‐all” approaches to ECM treatments fail, and cardiac tissue engineered models with age‐matched human iCMs are valuable in translational basic research for determining the appropriate treatment, particularly for the elderly.
Slope Aspect Mediates Fine-Scale Tree Establishment Patterns at Upper Treeline during Wet and Dry Periods of the 20th Century

Abstract Previous research collectively demonstrates the importance of taking local moisture availability and biotic threshold responses into account when seeking to reveal the ecological manifestations of climate change within upper treeline ecotones. Yet dendroecological studies that explicitly address the role of slope aspect in this context are non-existent. In this paper, we examine whether slope aspect and related temperature-precipitation interactions mediate abrupt increases in tree establishment and pulses of upper treeline advance (≥10 m) on contrasting north- and south-facing slopes during wet and dry periods of the 20th century. We used regime-shift analysis to quantify episodic changes in the rate of tree regeneration at each site (p < 0.05). We employed a climatic water deficit approach to define fine-scale moisture conditions to compare with dendroecological data from opposite aspects on eleven mountain peaks along a latitudinal gradient in the U.S. Rocky Mountains. Regime-shift analysis measured abrupt, yet asynchronous increases in tree establishment across contrasting slope aspects on 10 of 11 mountain peaks. Upper treeline advance was significantly greater (p < 0.05) during drought on north-facing slopes. On south-facing slopes, ecotonal dynamics varied more with respect to fluxes in the climatic water deficit; namely because of differences in local hydroclimate regimes. Collectively, these results underscore the importance of considering both slope aspect and temperature-moisture interactions when elucidating climate-vegetation interactions within upper treeline ecotones.
Combination of Dehydration and Expeller as a Novel Methodology for the Production of Olive Oil

An alternative olive oil (OO) production process has been developed based on the combination of olive dehydration, followed by extraction with an expeller press. This procedure eliminates the utilization of water and avoids the malaxation stage. Hence, no water residues are generated. In this study, the mentioned alternative methodology was compared to conventional extraction methods. High extraction yields and oil recovery were obtained with our novel procedure. On the contrary, substantial percentages of by-products were generated with conventional methodology. The quality indexes (acidity and peroxide values) of the oils obtained by the combination of dehydration and expeller (dOO) were 0.4% of oleic acid and 3 meq O2/kg of oil, respectively. Furthermore, none of the applied processes affected the resulting OO’s fatty acid composition and lipid profile. Total phenolic content was up to four times higher for dOO than for other olive oils and it showed resistance to oxidation with an oxidative stability index about five times higher than that for conventional olive oils.
Terrestrial heat flow at Hirabayashi on Awaji Island, south‐west Japan

Abstract Terrestrial heat flow at Hirabayashi in Awaji Island, south‐west Japan, was investigated using the deep borehole penetrating through the Nojima Fault, which was activated during the 1995 Hyogo‐ken Nanbu earthquake, by measuring the thermal conductivity of basement rocks. Using the temperature logging data, the value of terrestrial heat flow in Hirabayashi was found to be 56.6 ± 5.2 mW/m2. The relationship between cut‐off depth of aftershocks of the Hyogo‐ken Nanbu earthquake in Hirabayashi and terrestrial heat flow are discussed. The cut‐off depth roughly corresponds to isotherms of 300°C.
EVOLUTION OF TILL-STONE SHAPES, CENTRAL NEW YORK

A total of 3234 unselected till pebbles and cobbles from 27 localities in central New York are of three lithologic types: sandstones, limestones, and shale (including siltstones). The most distant localities are about 20 miles south of the chief limestone outcrops at the Allegheny Plateau escarpment. Changes in size, shape, and roundness with increasing distance of glacial transport show a relative decrease of about 25 per cent in wedge-form and in rhombohedroid stones and a relative increase of more than 100 per cent in ovoids. Other forms show little variation. Although wedge forms tend to be more conspicuously striated than others, the inference is that rounding predominated over faceting, and that prolonged transportation by the middle-latitude ice sheets tended to produce stones of ovoid form rather than wedge shapes as has been claimed. All three lithologic types show these tendencies, but in different degrees depending on relative toughness. Reduction of the larger sizes provided a continuing supply of smaller ones, and gradual depletion of the larger sizes is reflected in the changing cobble-pebble ratio downcurrent from the source outcrops. Here also, rates of change are governed largely by relative resistance. However, with increasing distance of transport, cobbles increase in roundness more than pebbles, indicating less susceptibility to crushing and perhaps a faster rate of rounding. Only about 10 per cent of the till stones attained a degree of roundness greater than 0.4 on Krumbein9s scale ( c on Holmes9s scale).
Multi‐frequency scatterometer measurements on water surfaces agitated by artificial and natural rain

Images of rain events over the ocean acquired by a multi‐frequency/multi‐polarization Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) show different radar contrasts at different frequencies and polarizations. In order to better understand these effects, field and laboratory experiments were performed at different rain rates and wind speeds with scatterometers working at different radar frequencies, polarizations, and incidence angles. Our results show that the dominant scattering mechanism on a rain‐roughened water surface, observed at VV polarization, at all incidence angles is Bragg scattering from ring waves. At HH polarization the radar backscatter is caused by both ring waves and non‐propagating splash products, with the dominating effect depending on incidence angle. The reduction and enhancement of the surface roughness by ring waves and sub‐surface phenomena, respectively, result in a transition wavenumber between reduction of the radar backscattering and its enhancement of about 100 rad m−1. We assume that this transition wavenumber depends on the drop‐size distribution of the rain. Taking into consideration the different dependencies of the radar backscatter at different frequencies and polarizations on rain rate, we suggest a method to estimate rain rates by calculating the ratio of the radar cross‐sections at L band, VV polarization and at C band, HV polarization. Provided an availability of SAR data at the respective frequency–polarization combinations, this method allows for investigating the nature of small‐scale (convective) rain events over the ocean.
Diagnosis and treatment of hallucinations in elderly palliative care patients with Parkinson’s disease

Parkinson's disease is the most common neurodegenerative disease. Until recently, the treatment was focused on dopamine deficiency and enabling patient activity. Much less attention was paid to the cognitive impairment and non-motor symptoms of the disease. Dementia, hallucinations and delusions are the most common cognitive disorder influencing a patient's quality of life. Hallucinations are probably the most common and bothersome non-motoric symptom. This paper discusses the diagnosis and treatment of hallucinations with atypical antipsychotics and possible alternatives. We also suggest a sensible approach for patients with hallucinations and delusions.