Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of Chronic Periodontitis and Chronic Stress in the South Indian Population

Background Chronic stress is commonly thought to have a net negative effect on the efficacy of the immune response, leading to an imbalance between host and parasite and consequently resulting in a periodontal breakdown. Aim To identify the prevalence of chronic periodontitis and chronic stress as well as a comparative evaluation of clinical, demographic, and psychoanalytical parameters among the South Indian population. Materials and methods A total of 500 subjects between the ages of 30 and 60 were chosen from the Trivandrum district, Kerala, using multistage random sampling. Subjects were evaluated based on psychoanalytical parameters as well as periodontal examination. Psychoanalytical parameters were measured by the questionnaire method using the perceived stress scale. Periodontal parameters examined were the probing depth, clinical attachment loss, bleeding on probing, simplified oral hygiene index, and community periodontal index (loss of attachment). Statistical Analysis Categorical and quantitative variables were expressed as frequency (percentage) and mean ± SD respectively. Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the association between the periodontal variables and psychoanalytical variables. All the statistical analysis was performed using IBM Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) Statistics for Windows (IBM Corp., USA). Results A total of 500 subjects, of whom 308 (61.6%) were female and 192 (38.1%) were male, participated in this study. The overall prevalence of periodontitis among all the subjects was found to be 42.4%, and the proportion of periodontitis among the stressed participants was found to be 46.2%, which is 10% higher compared to the non-stressed (36.1%) participants. Conclusion Our study showed an increased frequency of periodontitis among the stressed subjects as compared to the non-stressed subjects. These findings suggest that there is a positive association between chronic stress and chronic periodontitis, but further prospective studies are required to establish the extent of the effect chronic stress has on chronic periodontitis and vice versa.
ASSESSMENT OF THE INSTRUMENTAL ACTIVITIES OF DAILY LIVING IN MILD COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT AND DEMENTIA DUE TO ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE: DIAGNOSTIC ACCURACY OF THE SERBIAN VERSION OF THE AMSTERDAM IADL QUESTIONNAIRE

To establish a diagnosis of dementia, it is necessary, in addition to cognitive impairment, to prove the existence of a disorder of instrumental activities of daily living (IADL). The Amsterdam IADL Questionnaire is a reliable instrument translated into different languages. This study aims to assess the diagnostic accuracy of the Serbian version of the Amsterdam IADL Questionnaire. The study included 75 patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and dementia due to Alzheimer's disease. The questionnaire was scored using the weighted average (WA) and item response theory (IRT) scoring method. Diagnostic accuracy was examined using receiver–operating characteristic (ROC) curves. The area under the curves (AUC) was calculated with 95% confidence intervals (CI). The correlation between IRT and WA scores was strong and significant (r=-0.980, p<0.001). The AUC for the IRT scores of A-IADL-Q was 0.832 (95% CI: 0.729 to 0.909), while the AUC for the WA scores of A-IADL-Q was 0.848 (95% CI: 0.746 to 0.920). Both were significantly different from the AUC of 0.5 (p<0.001). There was no significant difference between the AUCs of IRT and WA scoring (z=1.157; p=0.247). Cutoffs and the highest combination of sensitivity and specificity for the IRT (sensitivity 0.767; specificity 0. 844) and WA (sensitivity 0.744; specificity 0. 844) scores of A-IADL-Q were calculated. We have shown that A-IADL-Q has moderate diagnostic accuracy in differentiating dementia and MCI. This instrument can be used in combination with cognitive measures to diagnose dementia in its early stages.
State of Broker-Dealer Leverage and the Transmission of Monetary Policy

This paper investigates how responses of US macroeconomic activities to monetary policy shocks depend on the state of broker–dealer leverage. The analysis makes use of leverage data to create an indicator series that distinguishes above and below-trend leverage states for the economy which is then integrated into switching econometric models. Using state-dependent local projection methods, we find that during the below-trend leverage state, monetary policy affects the economy in a traditional fashion. However, during the above-trend leverage state, expansionary monetary policy is problematic for stimulating the economy. Additionally, during the above-trend leverage state, we find that a policy rate cut raises counterparty risks in financial markets, which in part accounts for the weaker effectiveness of the monetary policy. These findings are robust to several alternative modeling specifications and suggest that monetary policy authorities should monitor the leverage cycle when determining their policy stance on macroeconomic stability.
Predicting peakflows in mountain river basins and data-scarce areas: a case study in northeastern Italy

ABSTRACT We present a procedure to predict peak flows in mountain and ungauged basins, by addressing two challenges: fine temporal resolution required to capture intense storms; scarcity of streamflow measurements needed to calibrate hydrological models. The study area is the Fella River basin at Pontebba and its upstream Uque sub-basin, in the northeastern Italian Julian Alps. A non-stationary hydraulic model is combined with field measurements to derive rating curves at the downstream outlet which lacks discharge data. Five-minute rainfall series are exploited to predict hydrographs through a semi-distributed hydrological model, at continuous and event scales. The hydrological modelling is verified on an ungauged basin at the inner upstream outlet. Results indicated that the predictability of intense events is improved when a single storm is evaluated compared to a continuous hydrograph; event-based hydrographs at the upstream outlet are well reproduced by the model calibrated with downstream data, thus allowing the use of the parameters in an ungauged basin.
Hopfield neural network based mixed pixel unmixing for multispectral data

Due to the spatial resolution limitation, mixed pixels containing energy reflected from more than one type of ground object will present, which often results in inefficiency in the quantitative analysis of the remote sensing images. To address this problem, a fully constrained linear unmixing algorithm based on Hopfield Neural Network (HNN) is proposed in this paper. The Nonnegative constraint, which has no close-form analytical solution, is secured by the activation function of neurons instead of traditional numerical method. The Sum-to-one constraint is embedded in the HNN by adopting the least square Linear Mixture Model (LMM) as the energy function. The Noise Energy Percentage (NEP) stop criterion is also proposed for the HNN to improve its robustness to various noise levels. The proposed algorithm has been compared with the widely used Fully Constrained Least Square (FCLS) algorithm and the Gradient Descent Maximum Entropy (GDME) algorithm on two sets of benchmark simulated data. The experimental results demonstrate that this novel approaches can decompose mixed pixels more accurately regardless of how much the endmember overlaps. The HNN based unmixing algorithm also shows satisfied performance in the real data experiments.
The Quantum Theory of Light

Preface 1. Planck's radiation law and the Einstein coefficients 2. Quantum mechanics of the atom-radiation interaction 3. Classical theory of optical fluctuations and coherence 4. Quantization of the radiation field 5. Single-mode quantum optics 6. Multimode and continuous-mode quantum optics 7. Optical generation, attenuation and amplification 8. Resonance fluorescence and light scattering 9. Nonlinear quantum optics Index
How Social Media Influencers Impact Consumer Collectives: An Embeddedness Perspective

Research has documented the emergence of embedded entrepreneurs within consumer collectives. This phenomenon is increasingly prevalent as social media enables ordinary consumers to become social media influencers (SMIs), a distinct form of embedded entrepreneur. Whilst research has considered the implications of embeddedness for embedded entrepreneurs themselves, we lack insight into embedded entrepreneurship’s impact on consumer collectives. To address this gap, we draw from a longitudinal, qualitative study of the YouTube beauty community, where SMIs are pervasive. Informed by interactionist role theory, we document the Polanyian ‘double movement’ prompted by the emergence of SMIs within the community. We demonstrate that the economy within the community was initially highly embedded, constrained by behavioural norms linked to established social roles. SMIs’ attempts to disembed the economy created dysfunctional role dynamics that reduced the benefits of participation for non-entrepreneurial community members. This prompted a countermovement whereby SMIs and their followers attempted to re-embed SMIs’ economic activity via role negotiation strategies. Our analysis sheds new light on the negative implications of embedded entrepreneurship for non-entrepreneurial members of consumer collectives, highlights the role of social media platforms in negotiations of embeddedness, and advances wider conversations surrounding the evolution of consumer collectives and the impact of SMIs.
Relational processes and power dynamics in psychoanalytic group supervision: a discourse analysis

ABSTRACT The authors explore the relationship between language and interpersonal dynamics within supervision groups for psychoanalytically oriented child and adolescent psychotherapists working at a charitable clinical service in a large metropolitan city in the UK. Using discourse analysis, the authors identified key interpersonal functions of language in a professional supervisory setting. Results revealed linguistic processes through which power identities and dynamics were enacted and multiple opinions and perspectives negotiated during group supervision. The authors then make practical suggestions regarding the management of power differentials and interpersonal relationships to facilitate more constructive group supervision and promote better therapeutic outcomes.
Numerical Simulation of an Intense Squall Line during 10–11 June 1985 PRE-STORM. Part II: Rear Inflow, Surface Pressure Perturbations and Stratiform Precipitation

Abstract An intense rear-inflow jet, surface pressure perturbations, and stratiform precipitation associated with a squall line during 10–11 June 1985 are examined using a three-dimensional mesoscale nested-grid model. It is found that the large-scale baroclinity provides favorable and deep rear-to-front flow within the upper half of the troposphere and the mesoscale response to convective forcing helps enhance the trailing extensive rear inflow. However, latent cooling and water loading are directly responsible for the generation of the descending portion of the rear inflow. The role of the rear inflow is generally to produce convergence ahead and divergence behind the system, and thus assist the rapid acceleration of the leading convection when the prestorm environment is convectively favorable and the rapid dissipation of the convection when encountering unfavorable conditions. In this case study, the rear-inflow jet appears to have caused the splitting of the surface wake low as well as the organized .
Evidence for chorus‐driven electron acceleration to relativistic energies from a survey of geomagnetically disturbed periods

[1] We perform a survey of the plasma wave and particle data from the CRRES satellite during 26 geomagnetically disturbed periods to investigate the viability of a local stochastic electron acceleration mechanism to relativistic energies driven by Doppler-shifted cyclotron resonant interactions with whistler mode chorus. Relativistic electron flux enhancements associated with moderate or strong storms may be seen over the whole outer zone (3 < L < 7), typically peaking in the range 4 < L < 5, whereas those associated with weak storms and intervals of prolonged substorm activity lacking a magnetic storm signature (PSALMSS) are typically observed further out in the regions 4 < L < 7 and 4.5 < L < 7, respectively. The most significant relativistic electron flux enhancements are seen outside of the plasmapause and are associated with periods of prolonged substorm activity with AE greater than 100 nT for a total integrated time greater than 2 days or greater than 300 nT for a total integrated time greater than 0.7 days. These events are also associated with enhanced fluxes of seed electrons and enhanced lower-band chorus wave power with integrated lower-band chorus wave intensities of greater than 500 pT(2) day. No significant flux enhancements are seen unless the level of substorm activity is sufficiently high. These results are consistent with a local, stochastic, chorus-driven electron acceleration mechanism involving the energization of a seed population of electrons with energies of a few hundred keV to relativistic energies operating on a timescale of the order of days.
Variation of Physiological and Behavioural Parameters during the Oestrous Cycle in Mares

Simple Summary Apart from the sexual behaviour of mares in heat (oestrus), the rhythmicity of many physiological and behavioural traits during the whole oestrous cycle is scarcely known. We aimed at determining changes in cardiac activity variables, rectal and skin surface temperatures, relationship towards humans and other horses, and the time of standing and locomotor activity. Fifteen adult mares were examined in the morning and evening in oestrus (six days) and in dioestrus (five days—once every third day). Heart rate and rectal and surface temperatures are higher in the evening than in the morning and higher in oestrus than dioestrus. During oestrus, the mares show a better behaviour towards humans and other horses and are less locomotively active than during dioestrus. A rapid decrease in most of the physiological parameters occurs at the end of oestrus, whereas alterations in the behaviour towards humans and other horses appear at the beginning of dioestrus. The time of locomotor activity arises at the end of oestrus. The outcomes may contribute to the knowledge of, among others, mare owners who evaluate the oestrus by sexual behaviours without regarding other rhythmically changing variables. Abstract The behaviour of oestrous mares is well-known in horse breeding. However, alterations in their physiological and behavioural indices during the whole oestrous cycle are scarcely known. The objective of the study was to analyse changes in cardiac activity variables, rectal and superficial temperatures, behaviour towards humans and conspecifics, and the time of standing and locomotor activity in mares during their oestrous cycle. Fifteen adult mares in oestrus were examined in the morning and evening (six successive days) and in dioestrus (five days—once every third day). The oscillation of physiological and behavioural variables accompanies changes in mares’ sexual behaviour. Most physiological variables studied in oestrus indicate the elevated activity of the adrenergic nervous system and, opposite to that, both behaviour towards humans and conspecifics and the time of standing relate to a relaxed state. The end of oestrus, manifested by a rapid decrease in most of the physiological variables studied, is followed by changes of behavioural variables at the beginning of dioestrus. The time of locomotor activity arises at the end of oestrus. The outcomes may contribute to the knowledge of, among others, mare owners who evaluate the oestrus by mares’ sexual behaviours without regarding other rhythmically changing variables.
Context-aware Retail Product Recommendation with Regularized Gradient Boosting

In the FARFETCH Fashion Recommendation challenge, the participants needed to predict the order in which various products would be shown to a user in a recommendation impression. The data was provided in two phases - a validation phase and a test phase. The validation phase had a labelled training set that contained a binary column indicating whether a product has been clicked or not. The dataset comprises over 5,000,000 recommendation events, 450,000 products and 230,000 unique users. It represents real, unbiased, but anonymised, interactions of actual users of the FARFETCH platform. The final evaluation was done according to the performance in the second phase. A total of 167 participants participated in the challenge, and we secured the 6th rank during the final evaluation with an MRR of 0.4658 on the test set. We have designed a unique context-aware system that takes the similarity of a product to the user context into account to rank products more effectively. Post evaluation, we have been able to fine-tune our approach with an MRR of 0.4784 on the test set, which would have placed us at the 3rd position.
A Theory for Spontaneous Mach Stem Formation in Reacting Shock Fronts, I. The Basic Perturbation Analysis

A theory to explain the experimentally observed spontaneous formation of Mach stems in reacting shock fronts is developed. A linearized mechanism of instability through radiating boundary waves is analyzed. Then through weakly nonlinear asymptotics, an integro-differential scalar conservation law is derived. The asymptotic expansion relates the breakdown of solutions for this scalar equation with the spontaneous formation of the complete triple-shock, slip-line Mach stem configuration.
Financial development, export and economic growth: Panel data evidence from Commonwealth of Independent States

This study focuses on the relation of four different financial development indicators and export performance, sampled from nine member states of the Commonwealth of Independent States, with economic growth for the period of 1995–2020. Its long-run relationship with PVAR analysis has been presented through VECM. The FMOLS and DOLS methods are used for the long-term coefficient estimates. According to the findings, there is a cointegration relationship between economic growth and export, and broad money, domestic credit to the private sector by banks, and monetary sector credit to private sector variables. The findings indicate that both financial development and export have a positive impact on economic growth. On the other hand, the findings have not presented sufficient evidence about the influence of the gross capital formation variable on economic growth while the monetary sector credit to private sector variable has been found to negatively affect economic growth. When the results of FMOLS and DOLS models are assessed together, it is concluded that export and financial development affects economic growth positively in the long term, but the first one’s effect is less.
Cultural semiotics as the foundation of political semiotics

ABSTRACT Our paper relies on the cultural semiotics of Lotman which we bring to bear on political theory in order to develop a methodological framework that we have referred to as “political semiotics” in our previous work during the past decade. In our first section, we synthesize the core categories of the Essex school (Laclau, Mouffe, and others) of political analysis and the Tartu-Moscow school of cultural semiotics. In the next section, we move further to putting forth a concrete methodological framework for analyzing social/political reality by relating theories of power, governance, and democracy to the Jakobsonian model of communication. We call this method “political form analysis”. The guiding idea of the latter is that it is not the content (i. e. substance) of communication, but rather the form (hierarchical relations of the aspects of communication) is the crucial focus of political analysis. In the final section, we illustrate our approach by explaining the constitution of the COVID-19 crisis and their governance in Taiwan. The country has had enormous success in containing the crisis during its first waves, but has also been surprisingly unsuccessful in the third phase (starting in the spring of 2021).
Electric and magnetic observations of the structure of standing waves in the magnetosphere

Electric and magnetic field instruments on the DE 1 spacecraft provided observations of toroidal standing wave oscillations of magnetic shells in 1981 and 1982. The amplitude and nodal structure of these waves, as a function of increasing magnetic latitude, was studied and compared with model calculations of these waves. Eight pulsation events were selected for study. The pulsations in these events ranged in period from 20 to 300 s. They were observed at L values between 2.8 and 9.7 and at magnetic latitudes from the equator to 48°. The duration of these pulsation events was 20 to 30 min, and they usually consisted of a 5- to 10-min growth in amplitude, a 5- to 10-min interval of fluctuating amplitude, and a 5- to 20-min interval of decreasing amplitude. The relative E and B amplitudes and the phase relations between the E and B waves could be qualitatively explained by the nodal structure of the waves predicted by model calculations. Detailed quantitative comparisons of E and B amplitudes were in agreement with more recent model calculations. In a few cases, electron densities were also available as derived from plasma frequency observations; in these cases the standing wave periods calculated were reasonably close to, but somewhat less than, the observed periods.