Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The capabilities and challenges of the seismic method in chalk exploration

The success of seismic methods to detect and predict porosity within the chalk fields of the Norwegian North Sea, coupled with the awareness that chalk can behave as both reservoir and seal, has led to the deliberate search for stratigraphically trapped hydrocarbons within the chalk. This effort has relied on seismic methods, such as post-stack inversion and amplitude versus offset (AVO) techniques, to identify porous reworked chalk zones isolated within low porosity pelagic chalk. The excellent conditions for seismic acquisition and processing, slowly varying regional geology, and high correlation between porosity and seismic velocities and density produce reliable porosity predictions far from well control for all inversion techniques. However, the high exploration failure rate for stratigraphic tests demonstrates that migration and seal risk is higher in chalk stratigraphic prospects, and some method of predicting hydrocarbon presence is beneficial. Analysis of available velocity measurements demonstrates that porosity and fluid variations in chalk can be modelled best with the upper bound of Hashin and Shtrikmann (1963), modified with the critical porosity of Nur (1992). This model leads to the conclusion that chalk velocities are sensitive to pore fluid and that hydrocarbon effects may be observable on seismic data. Unfortunately, hydrocarbon effects overprint the larger porosity effects, making resolution of the hydrocarbons signal extremely difficult in practice. An exploration case study demonstrates that the current inability to distinguish the effect of hydrocarbons from that of porosity, in the presence of noise and other complicating factors, seriously limits the ability of seismic methods to directly detect hydrocarbons under normal exploration conditions.
LBS Research Online

Problem deﬁnition: Turn raw data from Electronic Health Records into accurate predictions on patient ﬂows and inform daily decision-making at a major hospital. Practical Relevance: In a hospital environment under increasing ﬁnancial and operational stress, forecasts on patient demand patterns could help match capacity and demand and improve hospital operations. Methodology: We use data from 63 , 432 admissions at a large academic hospital (50.0% female, median age 64 years old, median length-of-stay 3.12 days). We construct an expertise-driven patient representation on top of their EHR data and apply a broad class of machine learning methods to predict several aspects of patient ﬂows. Results: With a unique patient representation, we estimate short-term discharges, identify long-stay patients, predict discharge destination and anticipate ﬂows in and out of intensive care units with accuracy in the 80%+ range. More importantly, we implement this machine learning pipeline into the EHR system of the hospital and construct prediction-informed dashboards to support daily bed placement decisions. Managerial Implications: Our study demonstrates that interpretable machine learning techniques combined with EHR data can be used to provide visibility on patient ﬂows. Our approach provides an alternative to deep learning techniques which is equally accurate, interpretable, frugal in data and computational power, and production-ready.
University of Birmingham Cold storage as a method for the long-term preservation of tropical dissolved organic carbon (DOC)

(11 %) over a 12-week period. Freeze/thaw resulted in alterations in the optical properties of samples, and this in turn altered the calculated DOC concentrations by an average of 10.9 %. We conclude that cold storage at 4 °C is an acceptable preservation method for tropical DOC water samples, for moderate time periods, and is preferable to freezing or storage at ambient temperatures.
Research Africa Network (RAN) RAN Working Paper

This study complements the inclusive growth literature by examining the determinants and consequences of the middle class in a continent where economic growth has been relatively high. The empirical evidence is based on a sample of 33 African countries for a 2010 cross-sectional study. OLS, 2SLS, 3SLS and SUR estimation techniques are employed to regress a plethora of middle class indicators, notably, the: floating, middle-class with floating, middle-class without floating, lower-middle-income and upper-middle-income categories. Results can be classified into two main strands. First, results on determinants broadly show that GDP per capita and education positively affect all middle class dependent variables. However, we have seen a negative nexus for the effect of ethnic fragmentation, political stability in general and partially for economic vulnerability. Simple positive correlations have been observed for: the size of the informal sector, openness and democracy. Second, on the consequences, the middle class enables the accumulation of human and infrastructural capital, while its effect is null on political stability and democracy in the short-run but positive for governance and modernisation. Policy implications are discussed.
Time-domain response of a semi-circular canyon for incident SV, P, and Rayleigh waves calculated by the discrete wavenumber boundary element method

The responses of a semi-circular canyon for incident SH, SV, P , and Rayleigh waves in a two-dimensional elastic half-space are investigated in time domain as well as in frequency domain. The author proposes the discrete wavenumber boundary element method, in which the direct boundary element method is used with the discrete wavenumber Green's function. This combination achieves both the efficiency in computation and the flexibility for boundary configurations. First, the validity of the method is confirmed by comparing its results with published ones in frequency domain. Then time histories of seismic motion along the surface in and around the canyon are studied for incident SH, SV, P , and Rayleigh waves with the shape of a Ricker wavelet. In all cases, the diffracted waves called the creeping waves can be seen propagating inside the canyon with P - or S -wave velocity. For SV -wave incidence, Rayleigh waves generated at the edges of the canyon carry a significant portion of energy outward, while for SH -wave incidence the direct and reflected waves play a major role. It should be noted that the amplitude fluctuation in frequency domain does not always mean that in time domain because different arrival time of wavelets results in the fluctuation in spectral amplitude even if each wavelet propagates with the same shape and amplitude.
Protective effect of the extract from Aronia melanocarpa L. berries against cadmium-induced oxidative stress in the kidney: A study in an in vivo experimental model

The destructive impact of cadmium (Cd) on the oxidative/antioxidative status of the kidney, as well as the possible beneficial effect of co-administration of a 0.1% aqueous extract from Aronia melanocarpa L. berries (AM), were studied in a rat model of low-level and moderate general population exposure to this heavy metal (1 and 5 mg Cd/kg feed, respectively, for up to 24 months). Total antioxidative status (TAS) of the kidney and the main indices of the enzymatic (superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione reductase, and glutathione peroxidase) and non-enzymatic (reduced glutathione and thioredoxin) antioxidative barrier were assessed. The total oxidative status (TOS) and concentrations of hydrogen peroxide, xanthine oxidase, myeloperoxidase, and oxidized glutathione were measured as markers of oxidative status. The oxidative stress index (OSI) was calculated (TOS/TAS) to estimate the intensity of oxidative stress in the kidney. The exposure to Cd, dose- and duration-dependently, weakened the enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidative potential of the kidney leading to a decrease in its TAS, as well as enhanced oxidative status of this organ resulting in the development of oxidative stress. The administration of AM during the low-level and moderate intoxication with Cd significantly protected from this xenobiotic-induced disruption of the oxidative/antioxidative balance and development of oxidative stress in the kidney. In summary, even low-level long-term exposure to Cd may result in the occurrence of oxidative stress in the kidney, whereas supplementation with chokeberry products may improve the oxidative/antioxidative balance preventing oxidative stress in this organ.
Short- and long-term effects of emotion up- and down-regulation

Abstract It is an open question in cognitive emotion regulation research how emotion regulation unfolds over time, and whether the brain regions involved in down-regulation are also recruited during up-regulation of emotions. As a replication and extension of our preceding study, we conducted an fMRI study in young healthy adults on the neural basis of up- and down-regulation of negative and neutral pictures during the immediate stimulation phase as well as after short- and long-term delays (N=47 for immediate and short-term delays, a subset of N=30 for long-term delays). For this, we employed three experimental conditions—down-regulation (distance), maintenance (permit), and up-regulation (intensify)—for negative and neutral pictures, and investigated the neural responses during the stimulation and post-stimulation phase as well as during re-exposure after 10 min and after 1 week. We observed the following main results: first, we found greater activation in emotion-generating regions such as the amygdala in the permit vs. distance and the intensify vs. distance comparisons, but not in the intensify vs. permit comparison. Second, we observed greater activation in emotion-regulating regions such as the right inferior parietal and right superior / middle frontal cortex in the distance vs. permit and the distance vs. intensify contrasts, but not the permit vs. intensify contrast. Third, we found that the activation difference between distance and intensify within the amygdala reversed after the regulation period. Fourth, previous emotion regulation did not influence the activation during re-exposure, neither after 10 min nor after 1 week. Taken together, the results provide a partial replication of persistent effects observed in our preceding study, indicate different neural systems for up- and down-regulation, and demonstrate that a broader perspective on emotion regulation can be achieved by simultaneously considering different goals, directions, and strategies of emotion regulation in a single experiment.
Finding meaning: a realist-informed perspective on social risk screening and relationships as mechanisms of change

Background Social risk screening rates in many US primary care settings remain low. This realist-informed evaluation explored the mechanisms through which a tailored coaching and technical training intervention impacted social risk screening uptake in 26 community clinics across the United States. Methods Evaluation data sources included the documented content of interactions between the clinics and implementation support team and electronic health record (EHR) data. Following the realist approach, analysis was composed of iterative cycles of developing, testing and refining program theories about how the intervention did—or didn't—work, for whom, under what circumstances. Normalization Process Theory was applied to the realist program theories to enhance the explanatory power and transferability of the results. Results Analysis identified three overarching realist program theories. First, clinic staff perceptions about the role of standardized social risk screening in person-centered care—considered “good” care and highly valued—strongly impacted receptivity to the intervention. Second, the physicality of the intervention materials facilitated collaboration and impacted clinic leaders' perception of the legitimacy of the social risk screening implementation work. Third, positive relationships between the implementation support team members, between the support team and clinic champions, and between clinic champions and staff motivated and inspired clinic staff to engage with the intervention and to tailor workflows to their settings' needs. Study clinics did not always exhibit the social risk screening patterns anticipated by the program theories due to discrepant definitions of success between clinic staff (improved ability to provide contextualized, person-centered care) and the trial (increased rates of EHR-documented social risk screening). Aligning the realist program theories with Normalization Process Theory constructs clarified that the intervention as implemented emphasized preparation over operationalization and appraisal, providing insight into why the intervention did not successfully embed sustained systematic social risk screening in participating clinics. Conclusion The realist program theories highlighted the effectiveness and importance of intervention components and implementation strategies that support trusting relationships as mechanisms of change. This may be particularly important in social determinants of health work, which requires commitment and humility from health care providers and vulnerability on the part of patients.
How Corporate Governance Impact to Sustainability Report?

To achieve the Sustainable Development Goals companies can apply the concept of circular economy to company activities. This concept is to internalize sustainable development in the company's productivity and operational processes in business strategy. Sustainability reports are a form of formal information delivery related to the company's sustainable development activities to the public and stakeholders, so that sustainability reports play an important role in assessing the company's economic, social and environmental performance. The achievement of the company's susitanability performance cannot be separated from the role of corporate governance. This study aims to examine the role of corporate governance in the dimensions of Board Expertise, Board Gender Diversity and Audit Committee Meetings on Sustainability Report in Indonesia. The test was conducted on 109 samples of companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange with a total of 327 observations for the 2019-2021 observation period. Panel data analysis is performed with Eviews 12. The results showed that Board Expertise and Audit Committee Meetings have a positive influence on the Sustainability Report. Meanwhile, the Gender Diversity Board has no effect on the Sustainability Report. This is due to the low participation of female board of directors in companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange due to the small number of women who sit on the company's board of directors.
Morcegos da Bacia do rio Corumbá Goiás

Bats from Corumba basin, Goias, Brazil. The knowledge about the fauna of bats in Goias is still poor, and practically at each survey new species are registered for the State. This study is part of the Integrated Study of the Corumba river basin where we have characterized part of the Chiroptera fauna in the geographic coverage of AHE of Corumba III, east of Goias. We conducted two intensive campaigns during the dry season of 2005, utilizing mist nets. Six counties of the east of Goias within the Corumba river basin were sampled. A total of 209 individuals of 21 species and three families were captured. There was a higher abundance of smaller frugivorous with the samples being mostly represented by Carollia perspicilatta and Sturnira lilium. Rabies exams were conducted on three species, including Desmodus rotundus and were negative for all tested.
Density waves in Titan's upper atmosphere

Analysis of the Cassini Ion Neutral Mass Spectrometer data reveals the omnipresence of density waves in various constituents of Titan's upper atmosphere, with quasi‐periodical structures visible for N2, CH4,29N2, and some of the minor constituents. The N2 amplitude lies in the range of ≈4%–16%with a mean of ≈8%. Compositional variation is clearly seen as a sequence of decreasing amplitude with increasing scale height. The observed vertical variation of amplitude implies significant wave dissipation in different constituents, possibly contributed by molecular viscosity for N2but by both molecular viscosity and binary diffusion for the others. A wave train with near horizontally propagating wave energy and characterized by a wavelength of ≈730 km and a wave period of ≈10 h is found to best reproduce various aspects of the observations in a globally averaged sense. Some horizontal and seasonal trends in wave activity are identified, suggesting a connection between the mechanism driving the overall variability in the background atmosphere and the mechanism driving the waves. No clear association of wave activity with magnetospheric particle precipitation can be identified from the data.
Strengthened Connections Between Arctic Sea Ice and Thermal Conditions Over the Tibetan Plateau in May After the 2000s

The thermal conditions of the Tibetan Plateau (TP) during spring are significantly related to climate changes on regional and hemispheric scales. The surface skin temperature over the TP in May exhibits an increasing trend over the northern and central‐western regions since the 2000s. This heterogeneous distribution has a strengthened relationship with changes in Arctic sea‐ice concentration (SIC) over the Barents‐Kara Seas after 2001, showing a significant negative correlation. Along with the dramatic SIC variations after 2001, there is a mid‐latitude wave train akin to the Circumglobal Teleconnection (CGT), accompanied by an anomalous anticyclone around the TP. On the one hand, the high‐latitude energy associated with the SIC changes spreads through the Barents‐Kara Seas toward the southeast, causing intensified westerly winds over the West Siberian Plain. The anomalies imply a poleward subtropical jet, which affects the anticyclonic anomaly over the TP, situated south of the jet axis, through dynamic processes. On the other hand, the cyclonic anomalies at high latitudes, linked with reduced SIC, inhibit snow melting and bring lower soil moisture content. Consequently, increased meridional temperature gradients and background baroclinicity cover the West Siberian Plain and regions encompassing the Black Sea and the Mediterranean, demonstrating the impacts of SIC variations on mid‐latitude Rossby waves. Responses to the anomalous anticyclone over the TP, heightened downward motions favor enhanced adiabatic heating and result in reduced cloud cover, further causing decreased snow depth. Influenced by snow‐albedo and cloud‐radiation feedback, the net downward short‐wave radiation increases and leads to the TP warming after 2001.
Escala de Engajamento dos Alunos na Escola Inferido por Professores para o Ensino Fundamental

Resumo Avaliar o engajamento escolar é crucial para identificar alunos em risco de evasão e monitorar o progresso acadêmico. O objetivo deste estudo foi construir e obter evidências de validade para uma Escala de Engajamento dos Alunos na Escola Inferido por Professores (EEAE-IP). Participaram do estudo 488 alunos do 2ª ao 5ª ano do Ensino Fundamental de escolas de Minas Gerais. A EEAE-IP apresenta boas propriedades psicométricas, com Análise Fatorial Confirmatória atestando o modelo de quatro fatores (comportamental, cognitivo, afetivo e agente). A evidência da consistência interna da escala foi boa com um Alfa de Crombach de 0,92 e a fidedignidade interobservador sugere que o construto é avaliado da mesma forma por diferentes observadores. A EEAE-IP é de rápida aplicação e utiliza o professor como informante. Sugerimos novos estudos que forneçam dados para a validade em outras populações. Este estudo reforça o papel da EEAE-IP em futuras pesquisas psicoeducacionais.
13. DIAGENESIS IN THE GAS HYDRATE SEDIMENTS OF THE BLAKE RIDGE: MINERALOGY AND STABLE ISOTOPE COMPOSITIONS OF THE CARBONATE AND SULFIDE MINERALS 1

During Ocean Drilling Program Leg 164, gas hydrates were recovered in the Blake Ridge where the top of the gas hydrate zone lies at about 200 meters below seafloor (mbsf) and the bottom-simulating reflector (BSR) is located at about 450 mbsf. There is no sedimentological discontinuity crossing the BSR. The BSR is disrupted by the salt piercement of the Cape Fear Diapir. The authigenic carbonates (dolomite and siderite) are always present in small amounts (a few weight percent) in the sediments; they are also concentrated in millimeter- to centimeter-sized nodules and layers composed of dolomite above the top of the gas hydrate reservoir, and of siderite below the BSR. In the Blake Ridge, the dolomite/siderite boundary is located near 140 mbsf. The distribution with depth of the δ18O values of dolomite and siderite shows a sharp decrease from high values (maximum 7.5‰) in the topmost 50 m, to very low values (minimum –2.7‰) at 140 mbsf, and at greater depth increase to positive values within the range of 1.8‰ to 5.0‰. The δ13C distribution is marked by the rapid increase with greater depth from low values (–31.3‰ to –11.4‰) near 50 mbsf to positive values at 110 mbsf, which remain in the range of 1.7‰ to 5.4‰ down to 700 mbsf. Diagenetic carbonates were precipitated in pore waters in which δ18O and δ13C values were highly modified by strong fractionation effects, both in the water and in the CO 2 –CH 4 systems associated with the formation and dissociation of gas hydrates.
Graduate Entrepreneurship Development as an Effective Strategy for Poverty Eradication: Evidence from Abuja SMEs

he study sought to examine the influence of entrepreneurship development on T poverty eradication. The research focused on entrepreneurial skill training and education being independent variables on poverty eradication in Federal Capital Territory (FCT) Abuja, Nigeria. The study was underpinned by the Human capital theory. Further, the research employed a descriptive survey research design with a sample size of 122 graduate entrepreneurs. Primary data was collected using questionnaire as the main instrument for data collection. The study used quantitative statistical measures to describe the relationships between the study variables. Descriptive statistics was used to describe the basic features of the demographic data, using both description and table summaries of the sample characteristics. Correlations analysis was applied to examine the association between the dependent and independent variables. Data analysis was facilitated by the Statistical Product and Service Solutions (SPSS) Version 22. From the study, it was revealed that eradication of poverty is indeed due to the high entrepreneurial skills training acquired by graduate entrepreneurs operating within the FCT Abuja Nigeria. The study's findings also established that eradication of poverty is probably due to the high entrepreneurial education acquired by graduate entrepreneurs operating within FCT Abuja. The study found that the determinants of entrepreneurship development (entrepreneurial skill training and entrepreneurial education) have great positive and significant influence on poverty eradication in FCT Abuja. Entrepreneurial skill training was more significant with a correlation coefficient of (0.800) on poverty eradication in FCT, Abuja than entrepreneurial education (.533). The study concluded by identifying skill training, and education as silver lining to poverty eradication in FCT Abuja. Based on the study's findings, the research recommended that entrepreneurship skill training programme should be pursued with vigour, as the study revealed that lack of it is the most significant cause of poverty in the society.