Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Mixed farming : scope and constraints in West African Savannah

In Zoundweogo province of Burkina Faso, West Africa, sheep and goats are present in high numbers and their population is growing at 3% annually. The exploitation rate of small ruminant herds (sales, home consumption, presents) varies between 11 and 28 %, depending on animal production systems and animal species. Farmers' selling strategies depend on one hand on animal species, sex and weight, and on the other hand on periodically varying cash requirements. On the market, significant correlations were found between animal liveweight and price for each species, and each sex within species per season. Prices were usually established on the basis of observation rather than by weighing. If only meat production is taken into consideration, selling time for an animal is not optimal. Not only are animals sold before reaching adult liveweight, but also before generating the potential number of offspring in the case of young females. At small ruminant markets, it could be observed that 56 % of the ewes and 63 % of the does were sold at liveweights inferior to liveweight at first conception, and 95 % of all animals sold had not reached adult liveweight yet. Revenues from small ruminants might be greatly improved when farmers could concentrate on animal production and have viable alternatives for financing. Revenues could increase even more, when seasonality in prices would be exploited through seasonal fattening and selling.
Human skin permeation of Δ8‐tetrahydrocannabinol, cannabidiol and cannabinol

The purpose of this study was to quantify the in‐vitro human skin transdermal flux of Δ8‐tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ8‐THC), cannabidiol (CBD) and cannabinol (CBN). These cannabinoids are of interest because they are likely candidates for transdermal combination therapy. Differential thermal analysis and in‐vitro diffusion studies with human tissue were completed for the compounds. Heats of fusion, melting points and relative thermodynamic activities were determined for the crystalline compounds, CBD and CBN. Flux, permeability, tissue concentration and lag times were measured in the diffusion experiments. CBN had a lower heat of fusion and corresponding higher calculated relative thermodynamic activity than CBD. Ethanol concentrations of 30 to 33% significantly increased the transdermal flux of Δ8‐THC and CBD. Tissue concentrations of Δ8‐THC were significantly higher than for CBN. Lag times for CBD were significantly smaller than for CBN. The permeabilities of CBD and CBN were 10‐fold higher than for Δ8‐THC. Combinations of these cannabinoids with ethanol will be further studied in transdermal patch formulations in vitro and in vivo, as significant flux levels of all the drugs were obtained. CBD, the most polar of the three drugs, and other more polar cannabinoids will also be the focus of future drug design studies for improved transdermal delivery rates.
Trace metal concentrations in marine organisms

adjacent areas | On data of the Barents Sea and some regions of the Kara, White, Norwegian and Greenland Seas transregional study, carried out in 1991– 1992, concentrations of various contaminants in benthic algae and invertebrates are defined. According to the results of two-way ANOVA the. The background metal concentrations in Fucus algae are specific to a sea region; their variations are connected not only with the trace element contents in abiotic components of the environment, but also with the functioning of coastal ecosystems. View. Metals and Organohalogen Compounds in Marine Organisms. 2. Trace metal bioaccumulation in marine invertebrates. Metals are naturally present in seawater in very low concentrations (Bruland, 1983). Major metals (Sodium, Magnesium) are present in an order of mmol Kg-1; minor metals (Lithium, Barium) in μmol to nmol Kg-1 and trace metals (Copper, Zinc, Mercury, Cadmium, Lead) in pmol Kg-1. Table 1. Mean metal concentration in marine invertebrates collected from natural marine areas (μg.g-1 dry weight of total body or organ when indicated). Contribution of X-Ray Spectroscopy to Marine Ecotoxicology: Trace Metal Bioaccumulation and Detoxification in Marine Invertebrates. 5. Intracellular compartmentation of metals in aqautic organisms: Relatioships to mechanisms of cell injury. Eisler R. Trace metal View Item
Can Hymenoscyphus fraxineus infect hardy members of the Oleaceae other than ash species

Summary The interaction between the ash dieback fungus, Hymenoscyphus fraxineus, and two commonly grown members of the Oleaceae (Forsythia × intermedia ‘Lynwood’ and Ligustrum vulgare) was investigated. Shoots were inoculated with three isolates of H. fraxineus and harvested after 2 and 10 weeks. DNA was extracted from tissue collected at the point of inoculation, as well as 15 mm below and above (distal), and analysed using fungal-specific ITS primers and specific primers for H. fraxineus. The fungus was frequently detected in tissue at the point of inoculation, but rarely in distal samples. There was no evidence that H. fraxineus was pathogenic on either of the two oleaceous species over the duration of the experiment.
Food mediated life history strategies in Daphnia magna : their relevance to ecotoxicological evaluations

Maternal nutrition in Daphnia magna affects the body size of the young and the sensitivity of the brood for acute exposure to cadmium, but not to chromium(VI). This phenomenon may contribute to interas well as intra-laboratory variation in test results, because Daphnia culture techniques are not yet standardized in a sufficient way. In one set of trials four food ration levels of the green alga Chlorella pyrenoidosa were given to a cohort of adult D. magna. After eight days brood size and the size of young became adapted to the new food ration level. At low levels, small broods were produced which consisted of large neonates, whereas at high food levels many tiny young were born. In acute toxicity tests with cadmium the sensitivity of the neonates appeared to be connected with their body size. The smallest young were three times more sensitive than the largest neonates, comparing the 48-h LCa). No difference in sensitivity occurred during acute exposure to chromium.
Matched case-control study on the association between polymorphism of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene and diabetic nephropathy in type 2 diabetic patients.

[Objective] To study the associations between polymorphism of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene and diabetic nephropathy in type 2 diabetic patients. [Methods] A 1︰1 matched case-control study was based on the hospital. Cases and controls were matched with sex and age. A total of 139 pairs of subjects were recruited. Information was collected through questionnaires survey and Physical examination. Polymorphism of MTHFR polymorphism was assessed by poly- merase chain reaction (PCR) and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP), and electrophoresis on 2.5% agarose gel. [Results] The genotype and allele gene frequency were significantly different between DN group and DM group. The diabetic with 667T allele of MTHFR were more likely to get DN disease than those without it, the OR was 2.610 (95%CI: 1.823- 3.737). Univariate conditional Logistic regression analysis results showed that Compared to the DN with CC genotype, the OR of whose with TT genotype and CT genotype was 2.362 and 2.568, respectively. [Conclusion] There is a relationship between MTHFR gene C677T polymorphism and DN, MTHFR gene C677T mutation is one of the genetic susceptible factors for DN in type 2 diabetes mellitus, and Mutate T allele gene is susceptible gene of DN.
Exploring Principals' Perceptions About Efficacy in Arizona Urban Schools Designated for the School Improvement Process

Studies have determined a positive relationship exists between the self-efficacy of students and academic achievement, and teacher efficacy and student achievement. For over a decade schools have been publicly targeted for school improvement in a process with implications for efficacy. The purpose of this qualitative study was to determine if principals’ perceptions about efficacy impacted their practices leading school improvement. Principals’ responses to two research questions led this study: 1. How do principals describe their perceptions about the efficacy of their school community relative to the school improvement status, label, or rating for their school? 2. How do principals describe their perceptions about the efficacy of their school community relative to their strategic decision-making processes for the school improvement process? Emerging themes were efficacy and morale, data-driven processes, framework for school improvement, efficacious leadership and variances among faculty. Significant findings revealed the negative school label had no impact on the efficacious perceptions of principals, but was interpreted as a form of “public branding” that indefinitely stigmatized schools. The principals were able to develop efficacious school cultures among extreme ranges of teacher expertise by strategically creating balanced professional interactions that promoted professional growth and efficacy. Recommendations for research include professional development that promotes efficacious practices and strategies to mitigate negative impacts. Recommendations for policy include consideration of efficacious leadership qualities for underperforming schools and broader criteria for school performance labels. Recommendations for practice include efficacious criteria for school improvement leaders and earlier interventions at the emergence of underperformance indicators.
Molecular systematics of gerbils and deomyines (Rodentia: Gerbillinae, Deomyinae) and a test of desert adaptation in the tympanic bulla

Recent molecular studies in gerbils found multiple instances of discordance between molecular and morphological phylogenies. In this study, we analyse the largest molecular data set to date of gerbils and their sister group the deomyines to estimate their phylogenetic relationships. Maximum-likelihood and Bayesian analyses were largely concordant, and both generally had high levels of node support. For gerbils, the results were generally concordant with previous molecular phylogenies based on allozymes, chromosomes, DNA/DNA hybridization and DNA sequences, and discordant with morphological phylogenies. None of the traditional gerbil tribes and subtribes were monophyletic. In addition, paraphyly was found in the genera Gerbillus, Gerbilliscus and Meriones as well as in five subgenera within Dipodillus, Gerbillurus and Meriones. Short branches separating taxa in small clusters within Dipodillus and Meriones suggest synonymy. Within deomyines, all genera and subgenera were monophyletic; however, two species groups within Acomys appear to contain synonymous taxa. We also find support for the discordance between molecular and morphological phylogenies in gerbils being partly due to convergent adaptations to arid environments, primarily in the suite of traits associated with inflation of the tympanic bullae. Relative bullar size does appear to be a desert adaptation and is correlated with aridity independent of phylogeny. Further, it varies more strongly along bioclimatic clines than between binary habitat classifications (desert versus mesic).
Marine Bioactive Compounds and Their Health Benefits: A Review

The significance of marine creatures as a source of unique bioactive compounds is expanding. Marine organisms constitue nearly half of the wordwide biodiversity; thus, oceans and sea present a vast resource for new substances and it is considered the largest remaining reservoir of beneficial natural molecules that maight be used as functional constituents in the food sector. This review is an update to the information about recent functional seafood compounds (proteins, peptides, amino acids, fatty acids, sterols, polysaccharides, oligosaccharides, phenolic compounds, photosynthetic pigments, vitamins, and minerals) focusing on their potential use and health benefits.
Studies on pollen viability and its storage conditions of Pingyin rose.

The viability and storage capability of 22 pollens of Pingyin rose cultivars were studied. The results showed that the pollen viability and storage capability changed with the storage conditions and time in a different way with different cultivars. The viability of pollen of ‘Zizhi Meigui’ (90.0%) on harvest day was the highest, while those of ‘Zhuzi Shuanghui’ (9.5%) was the lowest. The dry condition and lower temperature were better conditions for the rose pollens storage. Longer storage time and lower pollen viability. The pollen viabilities under natural conditions decreased very fast, and most of the cultivars reached 0 after one month, while those of under the frozen conditions (-4-6 ℃) decreased slower, and still maintained higher levels of viabilities after 60 days and a great numbers of pollens of cultivars maintained viabilities after one year.
Response of semi-natural wet meadow to natural geogenic CO2 enrichment.

A semi-natural wet meadow, dominated by Carex rostrata, experienced a natural geogenic CO2 enrichment of soil [CO2] and a small layer of air above the surface throughout the year, and occasional flooding in autumn. We expected such conditions to be tolerated by flood tolerant plant species, which might even benefit from CO2 enrichment. We examined the influence of elevated [CO2] and/or flooding on primary production of meadow vegetation and C. rostrata, measured through aboveand below-ground biomass, LAI and photochemical efficiency (chlorophyll fluorescence Fv/Fm). Results showed that C. rostrata biomass increased under conditions of enhanced [CO2] and elevated soil water content (SWC). The positive effect of increased [CO2] was hampered by simultaneous increase in SWC. Additionally, patterns of C. rostrata senescence are changed, since dead biomass significantly decreased with the increase in [CO2] levels and the contrary was shown for higher SWC. These results explain why C. rostrata was the dominant species. In summer, Carex responded with enhanced growth on plots with higher SWC, which represented its optimal habitat, while on drier sites it benefited from elevated [CO2] because of improved water use efficiency. During autumn flooding, the positive effect of increased [CO2] on biomass production was hampered by and corresponded with increased root biomass. Carex rostrata, well adapted to waterlogged soil and hypoxia, was able to tolerate O2 deficiency irrespective of its origin: waterlogging or geogenic CO2. Higher levels of [CO2] in the soil increased the photochemical use of Carex in the afternoon with low-light conditions, even though the changes in photochemical efficiency were best explained by the erectophile canopy. In crux, C. rostrata is the dominant species in this particular semi-natural meadow, can tolerate high levels of geogenic [CO2] in the soil and benefit from elevated [CO2] in the air during drought and low-light. © 2013 Friends Science Publishers
A Path Model of the Effects of Attitudes to the Internet, Depression, Anxiety, Stress, Gender, And Study Time on Internet Addiction and Academic Performance of Undergraduate Students in Kachin Region of Myanmar

Internet addiction has become an increasing problem with young people these days. The objectives of this study were to determine the relationship between attitudes toward the internet, depression, anxiety, stress, gender, and study time on internet addiction and academic performance in the second year students of Institute of Education and Maija Yang College in Maija Yang of Kachin Region in Myanmar. In August 2018 113 students completed a self-report survey questionnaire which included the Internet Addiction Test, DASS-21, and the Internet Attitude Scale. Multiple regression analysis was used to predict internet addiction, study time, and academic performance. Results showed that anxiety, gender, and internet attitude were significant predictors of internet addiction. The research did not find any significant predictors of study time. Gender (female) and study time were significant positive predictors of academic performance, while internet addiction was a negative predictor of academic performance (GPA). Although females reported having higher levels of internet addiction, they also had higher GPA. The findings, limitations, recommendations, and conclusion of the study were discussed accordingly.
Hatchery production of penaeid prawn seed: Penaeus indicus

The different techniques of hatchery production of penaeid prawn seed that have been developed in different countries of the world are generally capital intensive, involving high technology. A developing country such as India with limited resources needs a low-cost technology which is simple enough to be used by semiskilled workers. The technology presented here is based on a multi-disciplinary research experience from experimental to pilot stage, on induced breeding of marine prawns and hatchery production of penaeid prawn seed during the past decade. It is developed by utilising the locally available resources and materials and is appropriate to the socio-economic conditions prevailing along our coast.
Effects of Succinic Acid 2, 2-Dimethylhydrazide (Alar) on Bloom Delay and Fruit Development of Delicious Apples1

Alar applied at the rate of 4000 ppm to ‘Delicious’ apple trees in the fall delayed bloom the following spring four to five days and increased fruit set. At harvest, the fruits were smaller, less elongated, had more advanced ground color and expressible juice. Fruit diameter, over color, flesh color, soluble solids, and respiration rate were not affected.
Body measurements of Mallard caught in Britain

Most of the ducks caught for ringing at Wildfowl Trust trapping stations are Mallard Anas platyrhynchos, and these are usually weighed and measured before release. An analysis of body weight and condition has been completed (Owen & Cook 1977). This paper describes an analysis o f linear measurements of ducks caught at various sites between 1965 and 1975. Wing length and other measurements have previously been used to indicate differences in body size of ducks (Harris 1970; Owen & Cook 1977). Wildfowl have a simultaneous moult of primary feathers, and wing length during the flightless period gives an indica­ tion of the stage of moult. Smart (1965) showed that the wings of Redhead Aythya americana ducklings reared early in the season were longer after they had completed growth than were those of late broods. Wing and body measurements of many bird species have been related to the origins of populations and Griffiths (1967, 1971), in a preliminary analysis of wing length, in­ dicated that there may be differences related to the origins of British-wintering Mallard. He examined the frequency distribution of wing length of birds caught at different trap­ ping stations and at different times of year at the same station. He attributed differences in wing length between samples caught in early September and later in the season to im­ migration of longer-winged birds, and annual differences in mean wing lengths to different migration patterns causing the arrival of birds from different populations. He did not, however, consider the possibility that the wing feathers of flying birds might still be growing early in the season or that there may be other explanations for annual differences in measurements. This paper describes a more detailed a n a ly s is o f w ing le n g th an d o th e r measurements, having examined the sources of variability and bias that have to be con­ sidered. The wing length of a large sample of Mallard later recovered is examined in an attempt to relate measurements to the origin of the ducks.
Shark fishery of Veraval coast with special reference to population dynamics of Scoliodon laticaudus (Muller Andhenle) and Rhizoprionodon acutus (Ruppell)

During 1979-81 on an average 823.1 t of sharks were landed in a year which constituted 2.9 % of total marine fish landed. The annual average gearwise catch was 340.4 and 482.7 t by trawl and gill nets respectively. The peak period of abundance of sharks was during December-March as indicated by the catch rate of trawl net and the catch rate of gill net indicates that the abundance was 'good in all the months except in October and November. Among several species of sharks which supported the fishery, Scoliodon laticaudus (Muller and Henle) and Rhizoprionodon acutus (Ruppell) were dominant and constituted on average 43.3 and 31.2% in trawl and gill net catches respectively. Sexwise growth parameters of these two species have been estimated from length frequency data, tobe. Loe680mm, K 1.0822/yearand to—0.0119 for males and Lac 749 mm, K 0.8818/year and t | -f-0.0123 for females of S. laticaudus. the growth parameters of male R, acutus are estimated to be LOG 1054 mm, K 0.6457/year and to —0.0526 and of female Loe 1065 mm, K 0.6046/year and to—0.0556. The growth in weight of both the sexes of these two species are also given. The natural mortality coeflBcient for both sexes of S. /la/fcaarftts are 1.76 for males and 1.53 for females and for R. acutus are 1.12 for males and 1.01 for females. The gsarwise estimates of total mortality coefficient have been given for both the sexes of these two spscies. The estimates of age at first capture with regards to different gears have been obtained. The sexwise yield per recruit studies of both the species indicate that both the sexes of 5. laticaudus is not exposed to high fishing intensity and the effort of trawl and gill net may be increased to exploit this spscies more effsctively without further reduction in the age of first capture from the prevailing level. The males of R. acutus are exposed to midsrately higher fishing pressure whereas the females are not. In general, there is scops for the increase in production of these two species by intensifying the effort of trawl and gill net units as the present F are lower than the Fmax of the respective gears and species.
Dentistry for the critical care patients

1Department of Prosthodontics, Dental College, Regional Institute of Medical Sciences, Imphal, Manipur, India, 2Department of Prosthodontics, Crown, Bridge and Implantology, R’Ahmed Dental College & Hospital, Kolkata, West Bengal, India, 3Department of Oral Surgery, Dental College, Regional Institute of Medical Sciences, Imphal, Manipur, India, 4Department of Prosthodontics, Bapujee Dental College and Hospital, Davanagere, Karnataka, India, 5Department of Prosthodontics, Ragas Dental College & Hospital, Uthandi, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India, 6Department of Oral Medicine, Dental College, Regional Institute of Medical Sciences, Imphal, Manipur, India