Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Cross Border Cooperation Between Romania And Hungary- A Bridge To The Development Of The Bussiness Environment And Cross Border Tourism

The novelties brought by the cohesion policy for 2007-2013 consist of: a more strategic approach, more trust within the Member States and rules simplifying the cohesion policy (European Commission, 2005; European Union, 2007). According to the multi-annual programming documents (European Union, 2007), the objectives of the EU cohesion policy for 2007-2013 are: convergence, regional competitiveness and employment and European territorial cooperation. European territorial cooperation means a balanced development of the whole community territory, trough encouraging the cooperation and exchange of good practices among all EU regions, organized on three axes: cross-border, transnational and interregional cooperation. Cross border cooperation is not only about funding and creating infrastructure, but it is also set to strengthen cooperation: one of the key ideas behind cross-border cooperation programmes is to facilitate the joint development of areas that geographically belong together, share resources but are separated by artificial borders. I use an approach that builds on a combination of evidence – vision and indicators to show the impact of the use of founds to achieve a sustainable economic development on the Hungarian - Romanian border. The consolidation of the economical and social cohesion in the border region can be accomplished by supporting the investment in the business infrastructure that is with supporting the cross border business cooperation and tourism develpment between the two countries.
Traditional agroecological knowledge, adaptive management and the socio-politics of conservation in Central Sulawesi, Indonesia

This paper illustrates the opportunity for conservation offered by linking traditional agroecological knowledge and advances in adaptive management theory and practice. Drawing on examples from the Banawa-Marawola region of Central Sulawesi, Indonesia, a suite of traditional resource management practices premised on principles of adaptive management are identified and assessed, including: (1) resource management practices and regulations that are associated with the dynamics of complex systems; (2) procedural, planning and decision-making processes that foster learning; (3) sanctions and taboos that act as social mechanisms for the management and conservation of natural resources; and (4) ceremonies and social interactions that promote cultural internalization of the various practices, procedures and mechanisms. In addition, an emerging socio-political movement in the Banawa-Marawola region is explored. Premised on the strengthening of traditional rights and practices, the nascent Kamalise movement potentially provides the socio-political, institutional and organizational context needed to link traditional agroecological knowledge and adaptive management with broader conservation goals. Based on this analysis, two opportunities to enhance conservation in the region are identified: first, maintaining traditional agroecological systems and the associated adaptive resource management strategies used by local groups, and second, building upon the Kamalise movement to forge conservation alliances among communities, non-government and government organizations in which locally-evolved adaptive resource management strategies can be effectively applied. Both opportunities to combine traditional knowledge, adaptive management and conservation, however, are linked to the development aspirations of traditional groups: self-determination, acquisition of land rights and controlling the impacts of changes in livelihood.
Predispersal reproductive biology of female Osyris quadripartita (Santalaceae), a hemiparasitic dioecious shrub of Mediterranean scrublands

Female Osyris quadripartita plants exhibit uninterrupted reproductive activity throughout the year, due to the long duration of successive stages in the cycle and marked within-crop developmental asynchrony. Cycles corresponding to the flowering seasons of consecutive years overlap in each individual. Flowering takes place in spring, and fruits develop in the dry summer season and ripen at any time of the year. Variation in flowering time explains a negligible proportion of variation in ripening time. The greatest reproductive losses are incurred in the phase extending from closed flowers through unripe fruits, mostly due to ovary abortion. Only 30% of closed flowers eventually reach this latter stage. In contrast, 75% of unripe fruits complete their development, with subsequent dispersal of seeds. The probability of the setting of ripe fruit steadily decreases from early to late season flowers, due to increased ovary abortion rates. Resource limitation in the dry summer season seems responsible for this pattern of selective fruit maturation.
Persistence thresholds for phocine distemper virus infection in harbour seal Phoca vitulina metapopulations

1. This paper explores the concept of the critical community size for persistence of infection in wildlife populations. We use as a case study the 1988 epidemic of phocine distemper virus in the North Sea population of harbour seals, Phoca vitulina. 2. We summarize the available data on this epidemic and use it to parameterize a stochastic compartmental model for an infection spreading through a spatial array of patches coupled by nearest-neighbour mixing, with replacement of susceptibles occurring as a discrete annual event. 3. A combination of analytical and simulation techniques is used to show that the high levels of transmission between different seal subpopulations, combined with the small annual birth cohort, act to make persistence of infection impossible in this harbour seal population at realistic population levels. The well known mechanisms by which metapopulation structures may act to promote persistence can be seen to have an effect only at weaker levels of spatial coupling, and higher levels of host recruitment, than those empirically observed.
Detection and Comparison of some Ghanaian Isolates of Cacao Swollen Shoot Virus (CSSV) by Enzyme‐Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) and Immunoelectron Microscopy (IEM) Using an Antiserum to CSSV Strain 1A

Various isolates of Cacao Swollen Shoot Virus (CSSV) were detected without difficulty in leaves of Theobroma cacao L. by ELISA and immunosorbent electron microscopy (ISEM) using an antiserum to severe strain 1A. Many isolates were detected with relatively high values at dilutions of 1:30, whereas some other isolates were hardly or not at all detected at this dilution. Strain 1A was detected at dilutions of up to 1: 2560 of crude leaf extracts. All isolates yielding high reactions seem to be serologically closely related to strain 1A. Strains of the mottle-leaf type (AD 191, AD 196, AD 7, AD 36, AD 135, Kpeve) and others were poorly detected; their relationship to strain 1A is discussed. A close correlation was found between results obtained by ELISA and ISEM. Zusammenfassung Nachweis und Vergleich verschiedener ghanaischer Isolate des Cacao Swollen Shoot Virus (CSSV) mit ELISA und IEM unter Verwendung eines Antiserums gegen den CSSV-Stamm 1A Verschiedene CSSV-Isolate wurden in Kakaoblattern (Theohroma cacao L.) unter Verwendung von Antiserum gegen den CSSV-Stamm 1A mit ELISA und Immunosorbent Electron Microscopy (ISEM) sicher nachgewiesen. Viele Isolate waren in wenig verdunntem Rohsaft (1:30) mit hohen Werten, andere dagegen nicht oder nur sehr schwach nachweisbar. Der CSSV-Stamm 1A reagierte in Rohsaft noch bis zur Verdunnung von 1:2560 deutlich. Die Isolate AD 191, AD 196, AD 7, AD 36, AD 135 und Kpeve waren trotz starker Symptomausbildung nicht zuverlassig nachweisbar. Dies ist durch deren sehr niedrige Viruskonzentration bei gleichzeitigem serologischen Unterschied zum Siamm 1A bedingt. In symptomlosen Blattbereichen infizierter Kakaoblatter der anfalligen Sorte Amelonado konnte der CSSV-Stamm 1A nieht mit dem ELISA nachgewiesen werden. Das Virus durfte daher im Wirt sehr ungleichmasig verteilt sein (vgl. auch: DALE 1962). Zwischen den Ergebnissen des ELISA und ISEM bestand eine gute Korrelation.
DIEL FEEDING BEHAVIOUR OF HELICOVERPA PUNCTIGERA (WALLENGREN) ADULTS (LEPIDOPTERA: NOCTUIDAE)

Diurnal levels of feeding by Helicoverpa punctigera adults were quantified in relation to numbers of moths feeding during the first 4 h after sunset. Feeding occurred throughout daylight hours. Numbers of feeding moths were greatest at sunset. On nights when temperatures fell below 10 °C, moths were not observed to feed. Stepwise multiple regression identified both temperature and light, and the interaction between these two factors as significantly influencing the numbers of moths feeding. Numbers of moths feeding during the middle of the day were negatively correlated with air temperature at sunset of the previous evening.
The Furcacaudiformes: a new order of jawless vertebrates with thelodont scales, based on articulated Silurian and Devonian fossils from northern Canada

ABSTRACT A new order of “fork-tailed” agnathans (jawless vertebrates), the Furcacaudiformes, is described from Wenlockian (Silurian) and Lochkovian (Devonian) fossils from the Northwest Territories of Canada. Six new species are classified in five new genera and two new families. One Silurian species is in the genus Pezopallichthys, family Pezopallichthyidae. One Devonian species is described in each of the genera Cometicercus, Drepanolepis, and Sphenonectris. The Devonian genus Furcacauda includes two species, one new and another that was previously described as Sigurdia heintzae Dineley and Loeffler. Preliminary phylogenetic analysis suggests the following relationships within Furcacaudiformes: (Pezopallichthys (Cometicercus (Drepanolepis (Sphenonectris (Furcacauda)))). Furcacaudiforms resemble some previously described thelodonts in structure of their scales, which are of loganellid and nikoliviid types, but differ in having generally smaller scales, as well as in having laterally compressed, hump-back.
Measuring Leaf Area Index with the Li‐Cor LAI‐2000 in Pine Stands

Because leaf area index (projected one-sided leaf surface area per unit ground surface area, hereafter referred to as LAI) is a critical variable in models that attempt to simulate carbon, nutrient, water, and energy fluxes for forest ecosystems (e.g., Running and Coughlan 1988), techniques to rapidly estimate LAI over large areas are in great demand. LAI can be measured either directly or indirectly (e.g., Norman and Campbell 1989). Direct techniques involve dimensional analysis of the canopy and imply felling trees that are representative of the stands being studied. As a consequence, these techniques are labor-intensive and expensive. Moreover, the allometric relations are influenced by environmental factors and therefore may not
Genotypic variation for stolon and other morphological attributes of white clover (Trifolium repens L.). Populations and their influence on herbage yield in the summer rainfall region of New South Wales

A random sample of 60 germplasm accessions from the Australian white clover germplasm collection was characterized in the field at Glen Innes, N.S. W. Genotypic variation for stolon and other morphological attributes was measured in one season. Herbage yield was evaluated over seven seasons to quantify the magnitude of accession-by-season interaction. There were significant (P < 0.01) differences among accessions, seasons, and accession-by-season interactions for herbage yield. Classification was used to group the accessions on their seasonal herbage yield. A summer active group, a winter active group and a group showing autumn activity for herbage yield were identified. There was significant (P < 0.01) variation among accessions for all plant attributes measured and their accession mean repeatability was moderate to high. There were strong genotypic correlations among the morphological attributes. Five of the morphological attributes (stolon density, stolon branching, plant spread, plant height, stolon thickness and leaf length) expressed a strong genotypic correlation with average herbage yield over seven seasons. The genotypic variation estimated for herbage production and plant attributes signifies the potential of the collection to be used as a source of variation for the genetic improvement of productivity and perenniality of white clover for Australian environments.
Multiscale modelling of grain boundary plasticity

Interactions between dislocations and grain boundaries play an important role in the plastic deformation of polycrystalline metals. Capturing accurately the behaviour of these internal interfaces is particularly important for applications where the relative grain boundary fraction is significant, such as ultra fine-grained metals, thin films and micro-devices. Incorporating these micro-scale interactions (which are sensitive to a number of dislocation, interface and crystallographic parameters) within a macro-scale crystal plasticity model poses a challenge. The innovative features in this chapter include (i) the formulation of a thermodynamically consistent grain boundary interface model within a microstructurally motivated strain gradient crystal plasticity framework, (ii) the presence of intra-grain slip system coupling through a microstructurally derived internal stress, (iii) the incorporation of inter-grain slip system coupling via an interface energy accounting for both the magnitude and direction of contributions to the residual defect from all slip systems in the two neighbouring grains, and (iv) the numerical implementation of the grain boundary model to directly investigate the influence of the interface constitutive parameters on plastic deformation. The model problem of a bicrystal deforming in plane strain is analysed. The influence of dissipative and energetic interface hardening, grain misorientation, asymmetry in the grain orientations and the grain size are systematically investigated. In each case, the crystal response is compared with reference calculations with grain boundaries that are either ‘microhard’ (impenetrable to dislocations) or ‘microfree’ (an infinite dislocation sink). 1Reproduced from [187]: P.R. M. van Beers, G.J. McShane, V.G. Kouznetsova, and M.G. D. Geers. Grain boundary interface mechanics in strain gradient crystal plasticity. Journal of the Mechanics and Physics of Solids, 61:2659–2679, 2013.
Real‐time weed detection, decision making and patch spraying in maize, sugarbeet, winter wheat and winter barley

Summary Information on temporal and spatial variation in weed seedling populations within agricultural fields is very important for weed population assessment and management. Most of all, it allows a potential reduction in herbicide use, when post-emergence herbicides are only applied to field sections with weed infestation levels higher than the economic weed threshold; a review of such work is provided. This paper presents a system for site-specific weed control in sugarbeet (Beta vulgaris L.), maize (Zea mays L.), winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and winter barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), including online weed detection using digital image analysis, computer-based decision making and global positioning systems (GPS)-controlled patch spraying. In a 4-year study, herbicide use with this map-based approach was reduced in winter cereals by 60% for herbicides against broad-leaved weeds and 90% for grass weed herbicides. In sugarbeet and maize, average savings for grass weed herbicides were 78% in maize and 36% in sugarbeet. For herbicides against broad-leaved weeds, 11% were saved in maize and 41% in sugarbeet.
Stable for 15 million years: scanning electron microscope investigation of Miocene euglyphid thecamoebians from Germany, with description of the new genus Scutiglypha

Summary Material of the Middle Miocene kieselgur deposit of Beuern (Germany, Vogelsberg), about 15 million years old limnic sediment of a volcanic crater lake was investigated with the scanning electron microscope without any previous preparations. The samples mainly consisted of diatom shells and sponge spiculae, but also contained well-preserved tests of euglyphid thecamoebians where, for the first time, individual test scales could be clearly seen. Two species, each represented by several specimens, were investigated in detail. Both had highly characteristic body and aperture scales, which were indistinguishable from those of extant Euglypha crenulata Wailes, 1912 and E. scutigera Penard, 1911. Thus, the fossil specimens were assigned to these extant species which, however, were referred to a new genus, Scutiglypha , characterised by scutiform, crenate body scales. Clearly, details of the scales remained stable over millions of generations, although testate amoebae are largely asexual. The mechanism responsible for this stability is unknown, but intrinsic (“internal”) selection might override environmental (“external”) selection, thus promoting evolutionary stability of main parts of the system.
Effects of soil temperature, seeding depth, and seeding date on rhizoctonia seedling blight and root rot of chickpea

Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn, a prevalent fungal pathogen in cultivated prairie soils, can be an important factor affecting seedling establishment of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.). Studies were undertaken to determine the impact of different soil conditions on seedling establishment, development of root rot, and productivity of desi (Tyson) and kabuli (Sanford) chickpea plants sown in the presence of R. solani AG-4. The impact of soil and air temperatures and seeding depth was studied under controlled conditions, and the influence of seeding date was investigated at three field sites. The host responded to warm soils by increasing its growth rate, and the pathogen by increasing its virulence. The kabuli cultivar, Sanford, showed greater susceptibility to root rot caused by R. solani than the desi cultivar, Tyson. Root rot and shoot infection levels increased with soil temperature for both cultivars, but reached maximum values at substantially lower temperatures for Sanford. Shoot biomass of infected treatments.
Processes of understory seedling recruitment 1 year after prescribed fire in an Arizona ponderosa pine community

We monitored seed rain, buried seed germination, and vegetative reproduction to determine the processes of understory species seedling recruitment after prescribed fire in an Arizona ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) stand. Stands were burned with both backing and strip head fires. These fires were restricted to surface fuels, with fuel consumption ranging from 25 to 95% and total heat yield ranging from 1 600 to 42 082 kJ/m2. We identified seed rain from surviving plants the year after burning, as well as residual seeds surviving the burn, as being the major contributors of propagules for recruitment of herbaceous seedlings. Several seedlings were present in both the early-spring and late-fall inventory. We hypothesize that the early recruitment was mainly due to germination of seeds immediately after burning or early the next spring and that seed rain from surviving plants provided propagules for seedlings detected in the late-fall inventory. The pattern of seed rain reflected the phenologies of cool-sea.
Use of prey by sympatric bobcat (Lynx rufus) and coyote (Canis latrans) in the Izta-Popo National Park, Mexico

Abstract To investigate dietary differences in two coexisting competing predators, we determined prey consumed by bobcats (Lynx rufus) and coyotes (Canis latrans) from scats in the Izta-Popo National Park, central Mexico. Use of prey by bobcats and coyotes showed a Pianka's index of overlap of 0.94, much higher than in other studies of the diet of these two species. Diets of bobcats were comprised primarily of eastern cottontail (Sylvilagus floridanus, 33.7%), rodents (22.7%), Mexican cottontail (S. cunicularius, 13.1%), the endemic and endangered volcano rabbit (Romerolagus diazi, 12.5%), Merriam's pocket gopher (Pappogeomys merriani, 9.3%), and long-tailed partridge (Dendrortyx macroura, 1.4%). Prey used by coyotes included primarily eastern cottontail (43.8%), rodents (15.7%), Mexican cottontail (12.0%), Merriam's pocket gopher (6.4%), and volcano rabbit (5.5%).
Feeding value of peas for backgrounding beef heifers

Four diets in which peas progressively replaced barley [0% (0P), 30% (30P), 50% (50P), and 100% peas (100P)] and one in which canola meal (CM) replaced 10% of the barley, were fed to 90 beef heifers (initial weight 215.8 ± 13.8 kg). The heifers achieved average daily gains (ADGs) of 0.72, 0.80, 0.79, 0.83, and 0.76 kg d-1 on the five diets, respectively, with the difference between the 0P group and the 100P group being significant (P = 0.028). The total feed costs of gain were $0.786, 0.779, 0.799, 0.860, and 0.817 kg-1 for the five groups, respectively, with the cost of gain being significantly greater (P < 0.05) for the 100P group than for the 0P, 30P or 50P groups. The latter three were not significantly different from each other. Three rumen-cannulated steers (575 ± 56.3 kg) were used to estimate the degradability of the dry matter (DM) and N in the barley straw (BS), CM, barley grain (BG) and peas used in the feeding trial. The rumen undegradable protein (RUP) levels supplied by the five diets were 1.
Predation upon pelvic phenotypes of brook stickleback, Culaea inconstans, by selected invertebrates

Laboratory experiments investigated selective predation by aquatic insects upon phenotypes of brook stickleback (Culaea inconstans), with and without pelvises, from Wakomao Lake, Alberta, Canada. Predation by Lethocerus americanus (water bug) and nymphs of Aeschna spp. (dragonflies) was random upon each phenotype. Predation by the larvae of Dytiscus spp. (water beetle) resulted in significant selection for with individuals possessing five dorsal spines. The observed selection was at least partially due to closer approaches to the predator made by the withs. No selection occurred for either phenotype with six dorsal spines. This evidence supports an hypothesis that the pelvic variation is maintained by differential predation.
Relationships Between Phosphorus Functional Classes and Alkaline Phosphatase Activity in Reservoir Lakes

ABSTRACT Dissolved phosphorus fractions present in the surface waters of a eutrophic reservoir lake in northcentral Oklahoma were characterized by chemical, enzymatic, and chromatographic techniques. Simultaneous measurements of alkaline phosphatase activity (APA) were also conducted on each lakewater sample. An inverse biphasic linear relationship was found between soluble reactive phosphorus concentrations (SRP) and APA on a seasonal basis. Phosphomonoesters (PME) comprised from 0–65 percent of the soluble unreactive phosphorus (SUP) pool and an inverse linear relationship was found between PME concentrations and APA on a seasonal basis. Gel filtration chromatography of filtered lake water from the above system and a mesotrophic lake exhibiting high clay turbidity supported the view that the majority of complex phosphorus in these systems existed as low molecular weight phosphate esters.