Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The DOE E3SM v1.1 Biogeochemistry Configuration: Description and Simulated Ecosystem‐Climate Responses to Historical Changes in Forcing

This paper documents the biogeochemistry configuration of the Energy Exascale Earth System Model (E3SM), E3SMv1.1‐BGC. The model simulates historical carbon cycle dynamics, including carbon losses predicted in response to land use and land cover change, and the responses of the carbon cycle to changes in climate. In addition, we introduce several innovations in the treatment of soil nutrient limitation mechanisms, including explicit dependence on phosphorus availability. The suite of simulations described here includes E3SM contributions to the Coupled Climate‐Carbon Cycle Model Intercomparison Project and other projects, as well as simulations to explore the impacts of structural uncertainty in representations of nitrogen and phosphorus limitation. We describe the model spin‐up and evaluation procedures, provide an overview of results from the simulation campaign, and highlight key features of the simulations. Cumulative warming over the twentieth century is similar to observations, with a midcentury cold bias offset by stronger warming in recent decades. Ocean biomass production and carbon uptake are underpredicted, likely due to biases in ocean transport leading to widespread anoxia and undersupply of nutrients to surface waters. The inclusion of nutrient limitations in the land biogeochemistry results in weaker carbon fertilization and carbon‐climate feedbacks than exhibited by other Earth System Models that exclude those limitations. Finally, we compare with an alternative representation of terrestrial biogeochemistry, which differs in structure and in initialization of soil phosphorus. While both configurations agree well with observational benchmarks, they differ significantly in their distribution of carbon among different pools and in the strength of nutrient limitations.
Effect of pineapple ( Ananas comosus ) on haematological and biochemical parameters in albinos Wistar rats intoxicated with Doliprane

The aim of this study is to evaluate the liver’s protection of Ananas comosus on albinos Wistar rats intoxicated with Doliprane® which contained 20% of paracetamol. Four batches of 30 were used. The negative control group was not treated with Doliprane® and A. comosus . Batches no. 2 and no. 3 were treated for six weeks with Doliprane® (2 g per kg of body weight for each day). Each rat of batch 2, has received by cramming, 0.06 ml/kg of body weight for each day of the stalk against 0.12 ml per kg of body weight for each day for batch no. 3. The batch no. 4 has been addicted to Doliprane® (2 g / kg of body weight for each day) and was not treated with A. comosus . A haematological study plus determination of the serum level of glucose, triglycerides and cholesterol was carried out. Doliprane® induced a hypochromic anemia in the rats of batch 4. This anemia has been corrected with the stalk of A. comosus in the rats of batches no. 2 and no. 3. The serum level of glucose and triglycerides increased in the rats of batch no. 4 (p < 0.0001), but that of cholesterol decreased (p < 0.0001). The stalk of A. comosus protects the liver against haematological and biochemical aberrations induced by Doliprane®. Key words: Ananas comosus (pineapple), hepato-protection, Doliprane®, toxicity.
Social Media, Echo Chambers, and Political Polarization

A popular argument that is commonly put forth as an explanation linking digital technologies to political polarization is related to their ability to foster the emergence of echo chambers where extremist ideas are amplified. Sunstein (2018), a leading proponent of this view, argues that the main characteristic of social networking sites is that they allow politically like-minded individuals to find one another. In this environment, citizens are only exposed to information that reinforces their political views and remain isolated from other individuals with opposing views, in part due to the filtering effects of ranking algorithms that generate filter bubbles (Pariser, 2011) and create incentives for publishers to share clickbait and hyperpartisan content (Benkler et al, 2018). The outcome of this process is a society that is increasingly segregated along partisan lines, and where compromise becomes unlikely due to rising mistrust on public officials, media outlets, and ordinary citizens on the other side of the ideological spectrum.
Climate Change Impact on Drought Intensity and Duration in West of Iran

In this paper, one of the probabilistic characterizations of drought events (i. e. intensity values) was simulated by a global climate model (GCMs) under enhanced greenhouse gases conditions for near future (2011-2030). Output of the Hadley Centre Global Climate Model (HadCM3) was used to provide a future climate scenario for precipitation in selected western stations of Iran, including Ilam, Hamedan, Kermanshah, KhoramAbad, Sanandaj, Zanjan. Because of the coarse resolution of GCM output model, a statistical downscaling method, LARS_WG, was applied in order to obtain site specific daily weather Series. The downscaling model was evaluated against available observational reference data (1961-1990). The performance of LARS-WG during the validation period was suitable to reproduce daily precipitation series, therefore this model was used to provide future scenario of daily precipitation for 2011-2030 period. The simulation was forced by the A1B, B2 and A2 emission scenario for HadCM3. SPI was calculated using the downscaled precipitation time series for baseline and near future period. The model also captures the properties of drought for baseline acceptably. The results show that the future amounts of precipitation do not differ significantly in comparison with baseline. The most percentage change is obtained by 28% in the Kermanshah station Under B1 emission scenario during near future, but the increase is not significant. SPI was calculated for long-time drought (12 months) and then 2, 5, 10, 20, 25, 50, 100 return periods were estimated for all stations. Based on the results, the severity of drought will increase with longer return period i. e. 100 years in Kermanshah, Zanjan and Khoram Abad Stations. This information was achieved by this research can be considered indicative in long-term planning focusing on sustainability.
Characterization of the stoichiometry of the complex formed by Staphylococcal LukSF and human C5aR receptor in living cells

Staphylococcus aureus Panton Valentine Leukocidin (PVL) is a pore-forming toxin comprising protein subunits LukS and LukF. Binding of LukS to human C5a receptor (hC5aR) on leukocytes induces secondary binding of LukF and assembly of lytic complexes. Previous analysis suggests that PVL consists of 4-plus-4 LukS/LukF subunits but the exact stoichiometry between LukS, LukF and hC5aR is not yet known. In this study we determine the stoichiometry and spatiotemporal dynamics of functional LukS/LukF-hC5aR complexes in living eukaryotic cells. By using rapid total internal reflection fluorescence (TIRF) and single-molecule photobleaching analysis we found that tetrameric LukS-hC5aR complexes are formed within a cluster of receptors. Upon binding to hC5aR each LukS subunit binds LukF leading to lytic pore formation and simultaneous dissociation of receptors from the complex. Our findings corroborate a hetero-octamer model but provide a new view on the kinetics of crucial virulence factor assembly on integrated host cell membrane receptors.
Designing Seed Mixes for Prairie Restorations: Revisiting the Formula

the remnant modet. O of my associates remarked recently that the prairie is the most restorable of all ecosystems. That might seem true to the uncritical eye, especially given the number of prairie plantings and restorations undertaken within the past half century, and the plethora of information and "recipes" about how to grow a "successful" prairie. However, I find that most prairie plantings lack the diversity of plant and animal species found in prairie and savanna remnants. Moreover, I would argue that this situation arises because our present ideas about prairie plants justify the use of aggressive, easily collected and easily propagated native species at the expense of less commercially viable species. In this paper I will outline my concerns and offer an alternative way to plant a more diverse, remnant-like prairie.
Robust segmentation of the colour image by fusing the SDD clustering results from different colour spaces

: Segmentation of the colour image is challenging because the colour information is lost after being projected into three channels of the colour space. Many state-of-the-art colour image segmentation methods are based on monochrome segmentation in one channel of the colour space. However, the optimal performance of a segmentation method usually could not be achieved in a single colour space due to the complexity and diversity of the colour images. In this study, the authors propose to segment the colour image by fusing the slope difference distribution (SDD) clustering results in different colour spaces. For simplicity, the segmentation approach is designed as two-label segmentation and it could be easily generalised to be multiple-label segmentation. The proposed approach is compared with the state-of-the-art colour image segmentation methods both quantitatively and qualitatively. Experimental results verified the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
An Efficient Network for Surface Defect Detection

Convolutional neural networks (CNN) have achieved promising performance in surface defect detection recently. Although many CNN-based methods have been proposed, most of them are limited by the few samples available for training, and the imbalance of positive and negative samples. Hence, their detection performance needs to be further improved. To this end, we propose a multi-scale cascade CNN called MobileNet-v2-dense to detect defects more efficiently. Specifically, the multi-scale cascade structure used in our network can help capture the weak defect semantics that may be lost in the deep network. Then, we propose a novel asymmetric loss function to further improve detection performance. Lastly, a two-stage augmentation method effectively enlarges the training dataset. Experimental results show that, compared to the state-of-the-art, the area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve (AUC-ROC) score of our method increased by 0.16.
Assessment of heavy metal pollution in Istanbul using plant (Celtis australis L.) and soil assays

ABSTRACT In this study, plant (leaf, branch and bark) and soil samples of nettle tree were collected from 40 different localities in Istanbul, Turkey, to investigate the heavy metal pollution levels as well as to understand the employability of this plant species in pollution monitoring. Besides, the importance of pollution sources and their distance to the plant species were emphasized, and assessment of the air and soil related contamination was performed. The heavy metal concentrations in the samples were measured using atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The average highest values of Pb (14.90 ± 2.96 μg/g), Cd (0.65 ± 0.13 μg/g), Cu (19.94 ± 1.17 μg/g) and Zn (42.53 ± 3.08 μg/g) were found in unwashed leaf samples taken from the roadside. However, the average lowest values of Cd (0.30 ± 0.06 μg/g) and Cu (5.99 ± 0.21 μg/g) were in washed leaf samples, whereas the lowest levels of Pb (1.19 ± 0.12 μg/g) and Zn (14.34 ± 0.71 μg/g) were in branches. In addition, there was also a direct correlation between heavy metal accumulation, traffic density and closeness to roadside. It was demonstrated that Celtis australis could be a useful plant species in the biomonitoring of environmental pollution with these four heavy metals. Moreover, the results also indicated that nettle tree barks might be employed in long-term measurements of heavy metal accumulation.
Backlash politics against European integration

The answer to the question whether opposition to the European integration process is an example of backlash politics is an ambiguous one. While the Euroscepticism from the radical right qualifies for backlash politics, the Euroscepticism from the radical left does not at first sight, although it also shows some traces of this kind of politics. Both the radical left and the radical right mobilise political discontent and are part of a ‘populist backlash’, but it is only the ‘nationalistic backlash’ against European integration of the radical right which qualifies as a politics with a retrograde objective. The argument is illustrated by the case of Brexit, the British version of the ‘nationalistic backlash’.
The Intensity of Organizational Change and the Perception of Organizational Innovativeness; with Discussion on Open Innovation

Each individual member of an organization must recognize and lead innovation, which can be affected by human resource development (HRD) investments and organizational changes. In this study, we aimed to verify how HRD investment at the individual level relates to employee perceptions of organizational innovativeness and to examine how the intensity of organizational change, a situational factor at the organizational level, affects the relationship between HRD investment and employee perceptions of organizational innovativeness through multilevel analysis using hierarchical linear models. We performed an analysis based on the responses from 5184 workers and 125 companies where corporate-level and personal-level data were matched in a Human Capital Corporate Panel (HCCP) survey. HRD investment by employees was shown to increase the perception of organizational innovativeness. The results demonstrated that the intensity of organizational change moderated the relationship between HRD investment and the perception of organizational innovativeness. However, the stronger the organizational change intensity, the weaker the positive effect of HRD investment on the perception of organizational innovativeness. Finally, we presented theoretical and practical implications and further research tasks related to the HRD of corporations and open innovation.
Evaluating the effect of biochar on salt leaching and nutrient retention of Yellow River Delta soil

Biochar has the potential to decrease salinity and nutrient loss of saline soil. We investigated the effects of biochar amendment (0–10 g kg−1) on salinity of saline soil (2.8‰ salt) in NaCl leaching and nutrient retention by conducting column leaching experiments. The biochar was produced in situ from Salix fragilis L. via a fire‐water coupled process. The soil columns irrigated with 15 cm of water showed that biochar amendment (4 g kg−1) decreased the concentration Na+ by 25.55% in the first irrigation and to 60.30% for the second irrigation in sandy loam layer over the corresponding control (CK). Meanwhile, the sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) of soil after the first and second irrigation was 1.62 and 0.54, respectively, which were 15.2% and 49.5% lower than CK. The marked increase in saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ks) from 0.15 × 10–5 cm s−1 for CK to 0.39 × 10–5 cm s−1, following 4 g kg−1 of biochar addition, was conducive to salt leaching. Besides, biochar use (4 g kg−1) increased NH4+‐N and Olsen‐P by 63.63% and 62.50% over the CK, but accelerated NO3–‐N leaching. Since 15 cm hydrostatic pressure would result in salt accumulation of root zone, we would recommend using 4 g kg−1 of biochar, 30 cm of water to ease the problem of salt leaching from the surface horizon to the subsoil. This study would provide a guidance to remediate the saline soil in the Yellow River Delta by judicious application of biochar and irrigation.
Quantifying a Novel Climate Through Changes in PDO‐Climate and PDO‐Salmon Relationships

We used changing relationships between primary climate variables and the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) index to quantify novel climate conditions during rapid warming of the Gulf of Alaska in 2014–2019. Using Bayesian regression, we show that the PDO had a weaker relationship with North Pacific sea‐level pressure than in previous decades and was associated with warmer regional temperatures, reduced wind mixing, and weaker alongshore transport. Climate conditions mapping onto the PDO during 2014–2019 appear to be unique in the historical record. The potential for surprising ecological responses to novel climates is highlighted by a switch to unique, negative correlations between the PDO and salmon production, contrasting with positive or neutral correlations during previous decades. Novel climates are emerging globally, and tracking changing associations between primary variables and climate indices may be a useful approach for quantifying both the degree of climate novelty and the potential for surprising ecological responses.
Determination of Several Bitlis Honeys based on their Botanic and Biochemical Profiles

Amac: Bu makalede 2017 yilinda Bitlis bolgesinden rastgele secilen 4 bal orneginin polen kompozisyonunu ve antioksidan aktivitesini degerlendirmeyi amacladik. Gerec ve Yontem: Melisopalinolojik analizde asetolizsiz standart protokol kullanilmistir. Numunelerin antioksidan aktivitesi, 1,1-difenil-2-pikrilhidrazil serbest radikal giderme aktivitesi (DPPH), hidrojen peroksit giderme aktivitesi (HPSA), demirli iyon selat aktiviteleri (FICA), 2,2'-azino-bis-3-etilbenztiyazolin-6-sulfonik asit radikal katyon temizleme deneyleri (ABTS) ve ferrik indirgeyici antioksidan guc deneyleri (FRAP) gibi birkac in vitro yontem kullanilarak degerlendirilmistir. Sonuc ve Tartisma: 4 balin polen kompozisyonu degerlendirildiginde ballarin multifloral oldugu gorulmustur. Elde edilen sonuclar, antioksidan aktivitesinin baldan bala belirgin bir sekilde degistigini gostermistir. ABTS ve FICA ornekleri birbirlerinden biraz farkli, DPPH, HPSA ve FRAP sirasiyla 54.45 - 387.60 ug / mL, 212.11 - 246.64 ug / mL ve % 47.20 - 78.23 arasinda bulunmustur. Ek olarak, toplam fenol ve toplam flavonoid icerikleri belirlenmistir. Ornekler kiyaslandiginda 3, en yuksek fenolik ve flavonoid icerigi (626.48 mg GAE / 100 g ve 4.4 mg CAE / 100 g-etanol) gostermistir. Hemen hemen tum numunelerin iyi bir antioksidan kaynagi oldugu tespit edilmistir.
Effect Of Glycine Microelements And β-carotene On Content Of Microelements And Vitamin A In Quail Eggs

It was established that in the progeny of quail obtained from the parent herd, which during the growing period was fed as a source of microelements a complex of glycinates of copper, zinc, manganese, iron and cobalt with microbial β-carotene at a dose corresponding to the physiological requirement during the growing period increased the content of iron in eggs by 22,4 % compared to the control, and by 18,9 % compared to quails fed with chelates of microelements and β-carotene at a dose corresponding to half the daily requirement. The concentration of zinc in the quail eggs of this group increased by 16,5 % compared to the control and by 21 % compared to the analogous parameters for the quails of the second experimental group, manganese by 17,4 % and 19 4 %. The increase in the content of iron, zinc and manganese in the quail eggs which feeding complex of glycinate of microelements and β-carotene, at a dose amounting to a daily requirement, indicates their high bioavailability in the digestive apparatus of the bird, their intensive absorption and accumulation in the eggs. It was proved that the content of iron, zinc and manganese in the eggs of quail, which feeding a complex of glycinate of microelements and β-carotene at a dose corresponding to half the daily requirement of the bird, was at the control level, which indicates sufficient provision of its body with these elements. The data obtained when feeding the complex of chelating compounds of microelements and microbial β-carotene to quails indicate an intensification of the conversion of β-carotene to retinol and an increase in the content of the latter in eggs of the quail by 19,7 %. Feeding quails of the complex of glycinate of microelements in a dose corresponding to their needs contributed to an increase in the dry matter content in the shell of the quail eggs by 2,13 % due to an increase in the ash content by 2,3 %, calcium by 0,83 %, zinc by 30,1% and manganese - by 26,5 %. Feeding quails half the daily requirement of chelates of trace elements contributed to sufficient provision of their body with these elements. The conducted studies testify to the absence of toxic effect of chelating compounds of microelements (glycinates of copper, zinc, manganese, iron and cobalt) on the quail organism, sufficient assimilation from feeds both at doses corresponding to demand, and in doses that make up half of it due to increased bioavailability in the tissues.
Tranexamic Acid in Aesthetic Facial Plastic Surgery: A Systematic Review of Evidence, Applications, and Outcomes

Abstract Background Tranexamic acid (TXA) is an antifibrinolytic that has become widely used in aesthetic facial plastic surgery, although its efficacy has not been well investigated. Objectives To evaluate the existing evidence for use of TXA in aesthetic facial plastic surgery, highlighting routes of administration, dosing, surgical applications, and clinical outcomes. Methods Systematic review of primary literature evaluating TXA in aesthetic facial plastic surgery. Results Eleven studies met inclusion criteria: 8 prospective randomized controlled trials, 2 retrospective case series/cohort studies, and 1 clinical opinion. Six studies evaluated TXA in rhinoplasty, 4 in rhytidectomy, and 1 in blepharoplasty. Significant reductions in intraoperative blood loss were found in 5 rhinoplasty studies. Three rhinoplasty and 2 rhytidectomy studies found significantly reduced postoperative edema and ecchymosis. One rhinoplasty and 1 rhytidectomy study reported reduced operative time and time to achieve hemostasis. One rhytidectomy study reported reduced postoperative drain output and faster time to drain removal. No studies reported an adverse outcome directly related to TXA. Conclusions Existing literature investigating TXA in aesthetic facial plastic surgery is sparse with varying levels of evidence and heterogeneous data. Literature suggests systemic TXA reduces intraoperative blood loss during rhinoplasty, although the clinical significance of this blood loss reduction is unclear. TXA may also reduce postoperative edema and/or ecchymosis in rhytidectomy and rhinoplasty, although the lack of validated grading scales yields insufficient evidence to support this claim. Topical and subcutaneously injected TXA are emerging administration routes in rhytidectomy, with evidence suggesting TXA mixed with tumescent may reduce postoperative drain output, thereby expediting drain removal. Level of Evidence: 2
Business Model Design and Customer Loyalty: The Mediating Role of Customer Citizenship Behavior

An increasing number of scholars and practitioners are advocating for the exploration of the demand-side consequences of business model (BM) design from the customer’s perceptual perspective. Consistent with this view, this paper discusses how BM design can achieve customer loyalty through the mediating role of customer citizenship behavior. Therefore, this paper puts forward a series of hypotheses regarding relationships among BM design, customer citizenship behavior, and customer loyalty and further tests these hypotheses through hierarchical regression analysis from data collected from Chinese customers. The results show that both efficiency-centered and novelty-centered BM designs are the antecedents of customer citizenship behavior and customer loyalty. The results also show that efficiency-centered and novelty-centered BM designs can directly affect customer loyalty, and indirectly affect customer loyalty through the mediating role of customer citizenship behavior. Our findings contribute to research on the relationship between BM design and customer loyalty, and research on the demand-side consequences of BM design. Our findings also contribute to research on the link between BM design and marketing, and research on BM design for corporate sustainability. Our findings have management implications for practitioners as well.