Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The metal and dust yields of the first massive stars

We quantify the role of Population (Pop) III core-collapse supernovae (SNe) as the first cosmic dust polluters. Starting from a homogeneous set of stellar progenitors with masses in the range [13 - 80] Msun, we find that the mass and composition of newly formed dust depend on the mixing efficiency of the ejecta and the degree of fallback experienced during the explosion. For standard Pop III SNe, whose explosions are calibrated to reproduce the average elemental abundances of Galactic halo stars with [Fe/H] < -2.5, between 0.18 and 3.1 Msun (0.39 - 1.76 Msun) of dust can form in uniformly mixed (unmixed) ejecta, and the dominant grain species are silicates. We also investigate dust formation in the ejecta of faint Pop III SN, where the ejecta experience a strong fallback. By examining a set of models, tailored to minimize the scatter with the abundances of carbon-enhanced Galactic halo stars with [Fe/H ] < -4, we find that amorphous carbon is the only grain species that forms, with masses in the range 2.7 10^{-3} - 0.27 Msun (7.5 10^{-4} - 0.11 Msun) for uniformly mixed (unmixed) ejecta models. Finally, for all the models we estimate the amount and composition of dust that survives the passage of the reverse shock, and find that, depending on circumstellar medium densities, between 3 and 50% (10 - 80%) of dust produced by standard (faint) Pop III SNe can contribute to early dust enrichment.
Imaging the Thermal and Kinematic Sunyaev–Zel’dovich Effect Signals in a Sample of 10 Massive Galaxy Clusters: Constraints on Internal Velocity Structures and Bulk Velocities

We have imaged the Sunyaev–Zel’dovich (SZ) effect signals at 140 and 270 GHz toward 10 galaxy clusters with Bolocam and AzTEC/ASTE. We also used Planck data to constrain the signal at large angular scales, Herschel–SPIRE images to subtract the brightest galaxies that comprise the cosmic infrared background (CIB), Chandra imaging to map the electron temperature of the intra-cluster medium, and Hubble Space Telescope imaging to derive models of each galaxy cluster’s mass density. The galaxy clusters gravitationally lens the background CIB, which produced an on-average reduction in brightness toward the galaxy clusters’ centers after the brightest galaxies were subtracted. We corrected for this deficit, which was between 5% and 25% of the 270 GHz SZ effect signal within R2500. Using the SZ effect measurements, along with the X-ray constraint on , we measured each galaxy cluster’s average line of sight (LOS) velocity vz within R2500, with a median per-cluster uncertainty of ±700 km s−1. We found an ensemble-mean vz of 430 ± 210 km s−1, and an intrinsic cluster-to-cluster scatter of 470 ± 340 km s−1. We also obtained maps of vz over each galaxy cluster’s face with an angular resolution of 70″. All four galaxy clusters previously identified as having a merger oriented along the LOS showed an excess variance in these maps at a significance of ≃2–4σ, indicating an internal vz rms of ≳1000 km s−1. None of the six galaxy clusters previously identified as relaxed or plane-of-sky mergers showed any such excess variance.
Circumstellar Light Echo as a Possible Origin of the Polarization of Type IIP Supernovae

Type IIP supernovae (SNe IIP) are the most common class of core-collapse SNe. They often show a rapid increase of polarization degree in the late phase. This time evolution is generally believed to originate from the emergence of an inner aspherical core, while the effect of polarized-scattered echoes by circumstellar (CS) dust around the SN may also substantially contribute to this polarization feature. In this study, we examine the effects of the scattered echoes on the SN polarization through radiative transfer simulations for various geometries and amounts of CS dust. It is found that asymmetrically distributed CS dust, which is generally inferred for red supergiants, can reproduce the observed polarization features. We have applied our results to SNe 2004dj and 2006ov, deriving the geometry and amount of CS dust to explain their observed polarization features in this scenario. For both SNe, the blob-like or bipolar distribution of CS dust rather than the disk-like distribution is favored. The derived dust masses in the blob model (the bipolar CS dust model) for SNe 2004dj and 2006ov are ( ) and ( ), respectively. Even in the case where this process would not play a dominant role in the observed polarization signals, this effect should in principle contribute to it, the strength of which depends on the nature of the CS dust. Therefore, this effect must be taken into account in discussing the multi-dimensional structure of an SN explosion through polarimetric observations.
Detection and impact of heat treatments on tetracycline residues in chicken
meats sold in Amman city, Jordan

The use of antimicrobial drugs in poultry is an important public health issue owing to the increased use of such compounds that may trigger harmful effects on consumers. This study investigated the type and concentration of tetracyclines in poultry meat samples collected from Amman city, Jordan. A total of 180 samples (breast muscles, livers and kidneys) were randomly collected from the abattoir and screened qualitatively using the Premi® test and quantitatively by High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) for oxytetracycline, tetracycline and chlortetracycline. Approximately eighty-four (46.6%) of the samples showed a positive result for the presence of tetracycline residues. Out of the 84 positively samples, parent drugs were identified in 12 (6.6%) muscle, 14 (7.7%) liver and 13 (7.2%) kidney samples. Moreover, the samples that exceeded the maximum residue limit were 4.4%, 5.0%, and 2.7% of muscle, liver, and kidney, respectively. Freezing (-70°C for 90 days) and heat treatments (up to 90°C for 60 mins) did not significantly reduce tetracyclines residue concentrations. Violative levels of antimicrobial drug residues in different poultry tissues are still a public health issue. An extra-dosage regimen or failure to meet the withdrawal times might stand behind the problem. Private and governmental strategies to implement strict regulations on antimicrobial applications in the poultry industry are highly recommended. Poultry producers should be informed that the usage of antibiotics does not compensate for hygienic measures at farm levels.
SPH simulations of irradiation-driven warped accretion discs and the long periods in X-ray binaries

We present three dimensional smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) calculations of irradiation-driven warping of accretion discs. Initially unwarped planar discs are unstable to the radiation reaction when the disc is illuminated by a central radiation source. The disc warps and tilts and precesses slowly in a retrograde direction; its shape continuously flexes in response to the changing orientation of the Roche poten-tial. We simulate ten systems: eight X-ray binaries, one cataclysmic variable (CV), and a ‘generic’ low mass X-ray binary (LMXB). We adopt system parameters from observations and tune our model X-ray luminosity (LX) to reproduce the observed or inferred super-orbital periods. Without exception, across a wide range of parameter space, we find an astonishingly good match between the observed LX and the model LX. We conclude irradiation-driven warping is the mechanism underlying the long periods in X-ray binaries. Our HerX-1 simulation reproduces the observed “main-” and “short-high” X-ray states for realistic orbital inclinations. Our simulations of SS 433 give a maximum warp angle of 18.6◦, a good match to the cone traced by the jets, but this angle is reached only in the outer disc. In all cases, the overall disc tilt is less than 13◦ and the maximum disc warp is less than and or equal to 21◦. In particular, the disc warp in 4U1626-67 cannot explain the observed torque reversals. Taking our results at face value, ignoring the finite opening angle of the disc, we deduce orbital inclinations of approximately 77◦ for 4U1916-053 and approximately 69◦ for 4U1626- 67. We also simulate CygX-2, SMCX-1, CygX-1, and LMCX-3. For high mass X-ray binary (HMXB) parameters, the discs’ maximum angular elevation is invariably at the outer edge. For LMXBs with extreme mass ratios a strong inner disc warp devel-ops, completely shadowing parts of the outer disc. This inner warped disc executes retrograde precession while the outer disc executes prograde apsidal precession. The remaining LMXBs develop a less extreme warp in the inner disc, with the entire disc tilting and precessing in a retrograde direction. For our CV, KRAur, we matched the inferred disc precession period by adopting LX = 1037 erg sec−1, which would require steady nuclear burning on the white dwarf surface.
The positive mass theorem with angular momentum and charge for manifolds with boundary

Motivated by the cosmic censorship conjecture in mathematical relativity, we establish the precise mass lower bound for an asymptotically flat Riemannian 3-manifold with nonnegative scalar curvature and minimal surface boundary, in terms of angular momentum and charge. In particular this result does not require the restrictive assumptions of simple connectivity and completeness, which are undesirable from both a mathematical and physical perspective.
ELEMENTAL ABUNDANCE RATIOS IN STARS OF THE OUTER GALACTIC DISK. IV. A NEW SAMPLE OF OPEN CLUSTERS

We present radial velocities and chemical abundances for nine stars in the old, distant open clusters Be18, Be21, Be22, Be32, and PWM4. For Be18 and PWM4, these are the first chemical abundance measurements. Combining our data with literature results produces a compilation of some 68 chemical abundance measurements in 49 unique clusters. For this combined sample, we study the chemical abundances of open clusters as a function of distance, age, and metallicity. We confirm that the metallicity gradient in the outer disk is flatter than the gradient in the vicinity of the solar neighborhood. We also confirm that the open clusters in the outer disk are metal-poor with enhancements in the ratios [α/Fe] and perhaps [Eu/Fe]. All elements show negligible or small trends between [X/Fe] and distance (<0.02 dex kpc−1), but for some elements, there is a hint that the local (RGC < 13 kpc) and distant (RGC > 13 kpc) samples may have different trends with distance. There is no evidence for significant abundance trends versus age (<0.04 dex Gyr−1). We measure the linear relation between [X/Fe] and metallicity, [Fe/H], and find that the scatter about the mean trend is comparable to the measurement uncertainties. Comparison with solar neighborhood field giants shows that the open clusters share similar abundance ratios [X/Fe] at a given metallicity. While the flattening of the metallicity gradient and enhanced [α/Fe] ratios in the outer disk suggest a chemical enrichment history different from that of the solar neighborhood, we echo the sentiments expressed by Friel et al. that definitive conclusions await homogeneous analyses of larger samples of stars in larger numbers of clusters. Arguably, our understanding of the evolution of the outer disk from open clusters is currently limited by systematic abundance differences between various studies.
THE METASTABLE DYNAMO MODEL OF STELLAR ROTATIONAL EVOLUTION

This paper introduces a new empirical model for the rotational evolution of Sun-like stars—those with surface convection zones and non-convective interior regions. Previous models do not match the morphology of observed (rotation period)–color diagrams, notably the existence of a relatively long-lived “C-sequence” of fast rotators first identified by Barnes. This failure motivates the Metastable Dynamo Model (MDM) described here. The MDM posits that stars are born with their magnetic dynamos operating in a mode that couples very weakly to the stellar wind, so their (initially very short) rotation periods at first change little with time. At some point, this mode spontaneously and randomly changes to a strongly coupled mode, the transition occurring with a mass-dependent lifetime that is of the order of 100 Myr. I show that with this assumption, one can obtain good fits to observations of young clusters, particularly for ages of 150–200 Myr. Previous models and the MDM both give qualitative agreement with the morphology of the slower-rotating “I-sequence” stars, but none of them have been shown to accurately reproduce the stellar-mass-dependent evolution of the I-sequence stars, especially for clusters older than a few hundred million years. I discuss observational experiments that can test aspects of the MDM, and speculate that the physics underlying the MDM may be related to other situations described in the literature, in which stellar dynamos may have a multi-modal character.
The Solar Oxygen Abundance from an Empirical Three-Dimensional Model

The Oxygen abundance in the solar photosphere, and consequently the solar metallicity itself, is still a controversial issue with far-reaching implications in many areas of Astrophysics. This paper presents a new determination obtained by fitting the forbidden OI line at 6300 A with an observational 3D model. The approach presented here is novel because previous determinations were based either on 1D empirical stratifications or on 3D theoretical models. The resulting best-fit abundances are lg E(O)=8.90 and lg E(Ni)=6.15. Nevertheless, introducing minor tweaks in the model and the procedure, it is possible to retrieve very different values, even down to lg E(O)=8.70. This extreme sensitivity of the abundance to possible systematic effects is not something specific to this particular work but probably reflects the real uncertainty inherent to all abundance determinations based on a prescribed model atmosphere.
KECK DEEP FIELDS. IV. LUMINOSITY-DEPENDENT CLUSTERING AND GALAXY DOWNSIZING IN UV-SELECTED GALAXIES AT z = 4, 3, AND 2

We investigate the luminosity-dependent clustering of rest-frame UV-selected galaxies at z ∼ 4, 3, 2.2, and 1.7 in the Keck Deep Fields, which are complete to = 27 and cover 169 arcmin2. We find that at z ∼ 4 and 3, UV-bright galaxies cluster more strongly than UV-faint ones, but at z ∼ 2.2 and 1.7, the UV-bright galaxies are no longer the most strongly clustered. We derive mass estimates for objects in our sample by comparing our measurements to the predicted clustering of dark matter halos in the Millennium Simulation. From these estimates, we infer relationships between halo mass and star formation rate (SFR), and find that the most massive dark matter halos in our sample host galaxies with high SFRs (M1700 < −20, or >50 M☉ yr−1) at z ∼ 3 and 4, moderate SFRs (−20 < M1700 < −19, or ∼20 M☉ yr−1) at z ∼ 2.2, and lower SFRs (−19 < M1700 < −18, or ∼2 M☉ yr−1) at z ∼ 1.7. We believe our measurements may provide a new line of evidence for galaxy downsizing by extending that concept from stellar to halo mass. We also find that the objects with blue UV colors in our sample are much more strongly clustered than those with red UV colors, and we propose that this may be due to the presence of the 2175 Å dust absorption bump in more massive halos, which contain the older stellar populations and dust needed to produce the feature. The relatively small area covered by the survey means that the absolute values of the correlation lengths and halo masses we derive are heavily dependent on the “integral constraint” correction, but the uniformly deep coverage across a large-redshift interval allows us to detect several important trends that are independent of this correction.
Creative Thinking Skills based on Self-efficacy in Creative Problem Solving Learning with Scaffolding

This research aimed to discuss creative mathematical thinking ability based on self-efficacy in CPS learning with scaffolding. This research employed qualitative descriptive design. The subjects of the research were 6 students of class XI of junior high school selected based on three categories of self-efficacy, they were: high, medium, and low. Two students were found in the high self-efficacy category, two students from the medium self-efficacy category and two students from the low self-efficacy category. The results of this research showed that students with high self-efficacy level were able to complete the four qualifications of creative thinking abilities, they were fluency, flexibility, originality, and elaboration. Students with the medium self-efficacy level were still having difficulty showing up ideas to determine the unusual way of being used. Students with low self-efficacy level had difficulty in understanding the problem so that it is only able to meet one qualification of creative thinking ability that is fluency. Based on the explanation of the results of this research, it can be concluded that no student with low self-efficacy level has a high score of creative thinking ability.
All quantum states useful for teleportation are nonlocal resources

Understanding the relation between the different forms of inseparability in quantum mechanics is a longstanding problem in the foundations of quantum theory and has implications for quantum information processing. Here we make progress in this direction by establishing a direct link between quantum teleportation and Bell nonlocality. In particular, we show that all entangled states which are useful for teleportation are nonlocal resources, i.e., lead to deterministic violation of Bell's inequality. Our result also extends the phenomenon of superactivation of quantum nonlocality, recently proven by C. Palazuelos [Phys. Rev. Lett. 109, 190401 (2012)], and suggests that the latter might in fact be more general than initially thought.
Truncated conformal space approach for 2D Landau–Ginzburg theories

We study the spectrum of Landau–Ginzburg theories in 1 + 1 dimensions using the truncated conformal space approach employing a compactified boson. We study these theories both in their broken and unbroken phases. We first demonstrate that we can reproduce the expected spectrum of a Φ2 theory (i.e. a free massive boson) in this framework. We then turn to Φ4 in its unbroken phase and compare our numerical results with the predictions of two-loop perturbation theory, finding excellent agreement. We then analyze the broken phase of Φ4 where kink excitations together with their bound states are present. We confirm the semiclassical predictions for this model on the number of stable kink-antikink bound states. We also test the semiclassics in the double well phase of Φ6 Landau–Ginzburg theory, again finding agreement.
One-loop effects in a self-dual planar noncommutative theory

We study the UV properties, and derive the explicit form of the one-loop effective action, for a noncommutative complex scalar field theory in 2+1 dimensions with a Grosse-Wulkenhaar term, at the self-dual point. We also consider quantum effects around non-trivial minima of the classical action which appear when the potential allows for the spontaneous breaking of the U(1) symmetry. For those solutions, we show that the one-loop correction to the vacuum energy is a function of a special combination of the amplitude of the classical solution and the coupling constant.
Phantom-Like Behavior in Modified Teleparallel Gravity

The recent data from Planck2018 shows that the equation of state parameter of effective cosmic fluid today is w0=-1.03±0.03. This indicates that it is possible for the universe to be in a phantom dominated era today. While a phantom field is essentially capable of explaining this observation, it suffers from some serious problems such as instabilities and violation of the null energy condition. So, it would be interesting to realize this effective phantom behavior without adopting a phantom field. In this paper, we study possible realization of an effective phantom behavior in modified teleparallel gravity. We show that modified teleparallel gravity is able essentially to realize an effective phantom-like behavior in the absence of a phantom field. For this purpose, we choose some observationally viable f(T) functions and prove that there are some subspaces of the models parameter space capable of realizing a phantom-like behavior without adopting a phantom field.
Spacetimes of Weyl and Ricci type N in higher dimensions

We study the geometrical properties of null congruences generated by an aligned null direction of the Weyl tensor (WAND) in spacetimes of Weyl and Ricci type N (possibly with a non-vanishing cosmological constant) in an arbitrary dimension. We prove that a type N Ricci tensor and a type III or N Weyl tensor have to be aligned. In such spacetimes, the multiple WAND has to be geodetic. For spacetimes with type N aligned Weyl and Ricci tensors, the canonical form of the optical matrix in the twisting and non-twisting cases is derived and the dependence of the Weyl and the Ricci tensors and Ricci rotation coefficients on the affine parameter of the geodetic null congruence generated by the WAND is obtained.
Linking Diabetes to Alzheimer’s Disease: Potential Roles of Glucose Metabolism and Alpha-Glucosidase

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) are more prevalent with ageing and cause a substantial global socio-economic burden. The biology of these two conditions is well elaborated, but whether AD and type 2 DM arise from coincidental roots in ageing or are linked by pathophysiological mechanisms remains unclear. Research findings involving animal models have identified mechanisms shared by both AD and type 2 DM. Deposition of β-amyloid peptides and formation of intracellular neurofibrillary tangles are pathological hallmarks of AD. Type 2 DM, on the other hand, is a metabolic disorder characterised by hyperglycaemia and insulin resistance. Several studies show that improving type 2 DM can delay or prevent the development of AD, and hence, prevention and control of type 2 DM may reduce the risk of AD later in life. Alpha-glucosidase is an enzyme that is commonly associated with hyperglycaemia in type 2 DM. However, it is uncertain if this enzyme may play a role in the progression of AD. This review explores the experimental evidence that depicts the relationship between dysregulation of glucose metabolism and AD. We also delineate the links between alpha-glucosidase and AD and the potential role of alpha-glucosidase inhibitors in treating AD.
An empirical analysis of the twin deficit hypothesis: the case of Sri Lanka

Prolonged fiscal deficit is one of the leading causes behind many economic disruptions in a country, including current account imbalances. Hence, the purpose of this study is to examine the existence of the Twin Deficit Hypothesis (TDH) in Sri Lanka from 1977 to 2020 and to test the validity of Keynesian and Ricardian views in the Sri Lankan context. Using Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model, the study found a short-run and long-run relationship between budget and current account deficit. The empirical results support the Keynesian proposition, thus revealing unidirectional causation from the budget deficit to the current account deficit in Sri Lanka. Further, the study found that the short-run relationship between budget deficit and current account deficit is smaller than the long-run effect. Accordingly, Sri Lanka could reduce the current account imbalances using appropriate fiscal reforms designed to reduce the fiscal deficit.
Electroproduction of the Roper resonance on the proton: The role of the three-quark core and the molecularNσcomponent

The Roper resonance is considered as a mixed state of a three-quark core configuration and a hadron molecular component N+sigma. Based on this ansatz we study electroproduction of the Roper resonance. The strong and electromagnetic couplings induced by the quark core are calculated in the 3P0 model. The contribution of the vector meson cloud to the electromagnetic transition is given in the framework of the VMD model. Results are compared with the recent JLab electroproduction data.