Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Hand Hygiene Practices and Infection Control Measures among Emergency Units Health Care Providers

Background: Emergency units is a main part for hospital admission. It is the front line of the healthcare systems in the response to emergencies and public disasters, so the infection preventive measures practices can be easily overlooked or neglected by immediate and life threatening issues. Objectives: To assess the practices of health care providers regarding hand hygiene. Methodology: A descriptive cross-sectional study design carried out from the period between (Sep. 2018 to Aug. 2019). The study has been conducted in the emergency units at Al-Hilla teaching hospitals. Non probability (purposive) sample of (125) health care providers who work in the emergency unit were selected, (110) nurses, (15) physicians were selected related to special criteria. Special checklist prepared, inter observer reliability calculated the statistical results recorded (r: 0.90), which is statistically accepted. Results: The results shows that the higher percentage of the study sample 104 (83.2%) were between (20- 30) years age group, 73 (58.4%) were male, while most of the study sample 67 (53.6%) were Bachelor or postgraduate degree holder, related to the study sample marital status, the higher percentage 64 (51.2%) were married. Overall hand washing practices which consider as the most important measures to control of infection were poor (1.61 0.748). Conclusion: Regarding to the healthcare providers practices in hand washing with respect to the infection control measures during their daily caring in the emergency units the statistical results show low level of practices. Recommendation: Effective educational program should take place for all healthcare providers by task based strategies to utilize the practices include bedside procedures.
Molecular detection of Leishmania (Sauroleishmania) tarentolae in human blood and Leishmania (Leishmania) infantum in Sergentomyia minuta: unexpected host‐parasite contacts

The detection of atypical Kinetoplastida in vertebrate hosts and vectors might suggest unexpected host‐parasite contacts. Aside to major vectors of Leishmania (Leishmania) infantum in Italy (e.g. Phlebotomus perniciosus and Phlebotomus perfiliewi), the sand fly fauna also includes Sergentomyia minuta, herpetophilic and proven vector of Leishmania (Sauroleishmania) tarentolae, in which records of blood meal on mammals and detection of L. infantum DNA are increasing. This study was conducted in Central Italy aiming to molecularly detect potential atypical Leishmania host‐vector contacts. Detection of Leishmania spp. DNA was performed by polymerase chain reaction (SSU rRNA, ITS1 targets) on field‐collected sand fly females (N = 344), blood samples from humans (N = 185) and dogs (N = 125). Blood meal identification was also performed on engorged sand flies. Leishmania spp. DNA was found in 13.1% sand flies, 3.7% humans and 14.4% dogs. Sequence analysis identified L. infantum in S. minuta (4.4%), P. perniciosus (9.1%), humans (2.2%) and dogs (14.4%). Leishmania tarentolae was detected in S. minuta (12.6%), P. perfiliewi (6.6%) and human (1.6%) samples. Of 28 S. minuta examined for blood meal, 3.6 and 21.4% scored positive for human and lizard DNA, respectively. These results indicate the importance of one‐health approach to explore new potential routes of transmission of leishmaniasis involving S. minuta.
Ion Irradiation for Planar Patterning of Magnetic Materials

Kr+ ion dose dependence of the magnetic properties of MnGa films and the fabrication of planar-patterned MnGa films by the local ion irradiation technique were reviewed. The magnetization and perpendicular anisotropy of the MnGa vanished at an ion dose of 1 × 1014 ions/cm2 due to the phase change of the MnGa from ferromagnetic L10 to paramagnetic A1 phase. The average switching field Hsw of the planar-patterned MnGa increased with decreasing the bit size, implying low bit edge damage in the patterned MnGa, whereas a rather large switching field distribution (SFD) of 25% was confirmed for a bit size of ~40 nm. Time resolved magneto-optical Kerr effect measurements revealed that as-prepared MnGa exhibits an effective anisotropy field Hkeff = 20 kOe, its distribution ΔHkeff = 200 Oe, and Gilbert damping α = 0.008. The ion-irradiated MnGa films exhibited larger Hkeff = 22–23 kOe than that of the MnGa before the ion dose. Thus, ion irradiation does not decrease the perpendicular anisotropy, which suggests a small bit edge in the patterned MnGa. ΔHkeff increased from 0.2 kOe to 3 kOe, whereas the length of disorder in the film ξ decreased from 10 nm to 3 nm by ion irradiation.
Effect of 0 . 15 % sodium hialuronate and 0 . 5 % carboxymethylcellulose on tear film breakup time in healthy dogs and in dogs with keratoconjunctivitis sicca

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of the 0.15% sodium hyaluronate (SH) and of 0.5% carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) on tear film breakup time (TFBUT) in 10 healthy dogs and in 32 eyes of dogs with keratoconjunctivis sicca (KCS). In addition, the goblet cell density (GCD) of this population was quantified. TFBUT was assessed at baseline and at different time points following the instillation of SH and CMC. KCS was graded as mild, moderate, and severe. GCD were quantified from conjunctival biopsies. The number of GCD differed significantly between patients with mild and moderate KCS (P<0.01). TFBUT of healthy dogs increased only for 1 minute after treatment with SH (P<0.01). Regarding baseline and treatments, SH significantly increased TFBUT for up to 30 minutes on the ocular surface, in comparison to CMC, in all categories of KCS (P<0.01). TFBUT and GCD correlated positively when the healthy and diseased eyes were grouped (r=0.41, P=0.006). It can be concluded that in dogs with KCS, SH lasts longer periods on the ocular surface than CMC, but such agents does not increase TFBUT in healthy dogs. Additionally, tear film stability tends to reduce in a linear fashion from the mild to severe form of KCS.
Adolescent sexual risk behavior on the internet

Recurrently, there have been concerns about the influence of new media on children and adolescents. Some of these concerns have been refuted while others have been supported by scientific scrutiny. To overcome an uninformed public discussion, this dissertation provides a detailed account of online sexual risk behavior among adolescents. On the one hand, this dissertation identifies a small group of adolescents who engage in online sexual risk behavior. Although the percentage of adolescents engaging in this behavior seems rather low, it still comprises a considerable number of adolescents in absolute terms. These adolescents constitute a risk group that deserves special attention, not only because of their engagement in online sexual risk behavior, but also because this behavior has been linked to offline sexual risk behavior, online victimization experiences, and low life satisfaction. Thus, these adolescents may be particularly vulnerable. On the other hand, the findings of this dissertation suggest that the vast majority of adolescents do not engage in online sexual risk behavior. This finding may be reassuring for many parents who worry about their child’s online sexual risk behavior. Although the internet may have become an important part of adolescent sexual development, most adolescents behave responsibly and safely on the internet.
Surprise Effect of Euro Area Macroeconomic Announcements on CIVETS Stock Markets

The macroeconomic announcements and their effects on stock markets are considered to be a measure of stock market integration. Earlier studies show that integrated stock markets exhibit immediate reaction to international macroeconomic news, whereas partially integrated or segmented markets mostly do not react to such announcements. This paper investigates the effect of surprises disguised in the macroeconomic announcements made by the European Monetary Union on CIVETS (Colombia, Indonesia, Vietnam, Egypt, Turkey, and South Africa) stock markets. Daily stock market data starting from January 1, 2007 to December 31, 2012 is analysed. The impact of macroeconomic announcements is estimated by using EGARCH model. The results show that the returns of four out of six CIVETS stock markets significantly react on the day of macroeconomic announcements, whereas the market volatility of all markets is affected due to the EMU’s announcements. The results also show that not all types of announcements have significant impact on returns and volatilities in CIVETS, highlighting the importance of the contents of macroeconomic surprises.
Enabling proximity mask-aligner lithography with a 193nm CW light source

We introduce a novel industrial grade 193nm continuous-wave laser light source for proximity mask-aligner lithography. A diode seed laser in master-oscillator power-amplification configuration is frequency-quadrupled using lithiumtriborate and potassium-uoro-beryllo-borate non-linear crystals. The large coherence-length of this monomodal laser is controlled by static and rotating shaped random diffusers. Beam shaping with imaging and non-imaging homogenizers realized with diffractive and refractive micro-optical elements is compared in simulation and measurement. We demonstrate resolution patterns offering resolutions <2 µm printed with proximity gaps of 20 µm.
Reef fish at a remote tropical island (Principe Island, Gulf of Guinea): disentangling taxonomic, functional and phylogenetic diversity patterns with depth

The ecology of reef fish varies with depth, although patterns in diversity remain largely undescribed, in particular the complementarity of their taxonomic, functional and phylogenetic facets. In the present study we investigated patterns of taxonomic, functional and phylogenetic diversity of fish on 21 reefs, at depths ranging from 3 to 31m, at Principe Island (Gulf of Guinea). Taxonomic and functional diversity decreased monotonically with depth; the pattern was less accentuated for phylogenetic diversity. Functional diversity was saturated at high levels of taxonomic diversity, reflecting redundancy in species traits, particularly at the shallower reefs. Functional diversity increased linearly with phylogenetic diversity; thus, increasing niche availability seems to translate into a larger diversity of phylogenies. Dissimilarities in the structure and composition of fish assemblages among reefs were correlated with differences in depth, including a progressive turnover in species. Depth affected the functional traits of nearshore reef fish. Trophic breadth decreased with depth; carnivores and planktivores increased with depth, whereas herbivores decreased with depth. Small-sized fusiform fish dominated on the shallowest reefs. In summary, the present study demonstrated decays in biodiversity, from different perspectives, of reef fish with depth, which are connected with shifts in fish traits.
How Cross‐Shareholding Influences Financial Reporting: Evidence from Japan

Research Question/Issue. This study investigates the effect of cross‐shareholding on financial reporting and the information environment in the Japanese market and hypothesizes that higher cross‐shareholding is related to lower contract‐efficient earnings recognition and higher information asymmetry because cross‐shareholding entrenches managers. Furthermore, we investigate whether managers try to maximize their self‐interest or to enjoy a quiet life when they are isolated from market pressure and entrenched owing to cross‐shareholding. Research Findings/Insights. Using a unique dataset on cross‐shareholding among Japanese listed firms, we find that higher cross‐shareholding is associated with (1) less timely loss recognition and (2) higher probability of information‐based trading. Further investigation clarifies that higher cross‐shareholdings are related to (3) lower absolute forecast error and (4) lower R&D expenditures. The first two findings indicate that cross‐shareholding entrenches managers, and the last two findings show that entrenched managers enjoy a quiet life. Theoretical/Academic Implications. This study contributes to the corporate governance literature by providing new evidence that cross‐shareholding influences financial reporting and the information environment in the market by inducing managers to become entrenched and to enjoy a quiet life. Practitioner/Policy Implications. This study provides implications for policymakers in markets in which cross‐shareholding is a common ownership format. To enhance contract‐efficient financial reporting and/or reduce information asymmetry in the market, it may be necessary to reduce cross‐shareholding.
Diet and trophic structure of the fish assemblage in the mid-course of the Teles Pires River, Tapajós River basin, Brazil

This study was carried out in a section of the middle course of the Teles Pires River, a clear water river that drains ancient and highly eroded geological formations, and where five hydropower plants are planned or in construction. In this study we tested the hypothesis that local fish fauna is mainly sustained by autochthonous food resources, with modest changes in the trophic structure of fish assemblages along the hydrometric cycle. Sampling was performed every three months between July 2008 and May 2009 at seven sites distributed along a 50-km section of the river. Piscivores was the most representative group in terms of biomass, abundance and species richness, followed by herbivores, insectivores and omnivores. The trophic structure did not change significantly during the hydrometric cycle, only omnivores showed significant temporal variation in abundance. The main food resources consumed by the ichthyofauna were of autochthonous origin, mainly immature aquatic insects and fish. Eight of 34 species showed temporal variations of the food resources consumed. Our results corroborate the hypothesis that the fish fauna of large, clear water rivers can be sustained by autochthonous resources. This contributes to understanding some determinants of fish production in large Neotropical rivers.
How best to quantify replication success? A simulation study on the comparison of replication success metrics

To overcome the frequently debated crisis of confidence, replicating studies is becoming increasingly more common. Multiple frequentist and Bayesian measures have been proposed to evaluate whether a replication is successful, but little is known about which method best captures replication success. This study is one of the first attempts to compare a number of quantitative measures of replication success with respect to their ability to draw the correct inference when the underlying truth is known, while taking publication bias into account. Our results show that Bayesian metrics seem to slightly outperform frequentist metrics across the board. Generally, meta-analytic approaches seem to slightly outperform metrics that evaluate single studies, except in the scenario of extreme publication bias, where this pattern reverses.
Resveratrol induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in epithelioid malignant pleural mesothelioma cells

Abstract Background Resveratrol is a natural anti-carcinogenic polyphenol. Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is an aggressive tumor with poor prognosis. In this study, we investigated the effects of resveratrol on epithelioid MPM. Material and methods Human epithelioid MPM cell line (NCI-H2452) was exposed to resveratrol (5–200 μM) for 24 or 48 h. Cell viability was assessed by WST-1 assay. Flow cytometry analyses were performed to evaluate the effects of resveratrol on cell cycle distribution and apoptosis. Western blot analysis was used to determine protein expression levels of antioxidant enzymes, cyclin D1 and p53. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) were measured using H2DCFDA. Results Resveratrol reduced cell viability of the cells in a concentration and time dependent manner. After treatment, the cells accumulated in G0/G1 phase and the percentage of cells in G2/M phase was reduced. Resveratrol decreased cyclin D1 and increased p53 expression in cell lysates. Treated cells exhibited increased apoptotic activity. ROS were elevated with resveratrol treatment, but there was no change in the expression of superoxide dismutase (SOD)-1, SOD-2 and glutathione peroxidase. Conclusion Our results revealed that resveratrol exhibits anti-cell viability effect on epithelioid MPM cells by inducing cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Resveratrol may become a potential therapeutic agent for epithelioid MPM.
Exogenous Melatonin Ameliorates Pontine Histoarchitecture and Associated Oxidative Damage in Sodium Fluoride Induced Toxicity

Background: Sodium fluoride (NaF) is a highly consumed food additive, that is capable of disrupting the activities of several brain areas. It is unclear whether this compound affects the autonomic activities of the brain. Objective: Therefore, this study was designed to investigate the ameliorative potentials of exogenous melatonin on sodium fluoride-induced pontine toxicity in adult male Wistar rats, as melatonin has been implicated to have a high concentration in the cerebrospinal fluid of injured brains. Method: Thirty-two rats were randomly divided into 4 groups (n=8, per group). Groups I, II, III and IV received 0.2 ml of normal saline (NS), 500 ppm of sodium fluoride (NaF) via their drinking water, 10 mg/kg melatonin (MLT), and melatonin with sodium fluoride concurrently (MLT+NaF) respectively for fourteen days. At the end of these treatments, the rats were euthanized and brainstem tissues were excised for histological, histochemical, and biochemical analyses. Results: There were shreds of evidence of DNA fragmentation, vacuolation, dispersion of the Nissl bodies, and axonal disruption in the cells of the basilar pons of the sodium fluoride-treated animals. This was coupled with high concentrations of malondialdehyde and low-level concentrations of glutathione reductase. Melatonin, however, was observed to limit neuronal injury in the cells of the basilar pons in the experimental animals by reducing the extent of cells undergoing process pyknosis, chromatolysis, and demyelination. Also, melatonin was able to reduce the concentration of malondialdehyde and increase glutathione reductase activities in the pons. Conclusion: This study revealed that sodium fluoride injured the pontine histoarchitecture, and induced oxidative damage which were ameliorated by exogenous melatonin treatments.
Evaluation of Associated Changes on Haematological Profile of Wistar Rats Fed Curcuma longa (Turmeric) Rhizome Powder

Turmeric spice has a diverse array of biological activities. The present study evaluated body weight and haematological impact of Curcuma longa (Turmeric) in male albino rats using standard analytical methods. Twenty four healthy male albino rats were used for the study. Results shows no significant increase in body weight in the first week of dieting while a gradual increase was observed with increasing weeks of dieting. Treatment with the powder did not significantly (P ≥ 0.05) alter the levels of hemoglobin (Hb), red blood cells (RBC) and means corpuscular volume (MCV) of the rats. The result also showed a significant (p ≤ 0.05) increase in the platelets and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentrations (MCHC). However, the white blood cells (WBC) and the packed cell volume (PCV) concentrations were slightly reduced. This study Original Research Article Iwueke et al.; AJRB, 7(2): 25-29, 2020; Article no.AJRB. 59082 26 suggests that adding Curcuma longa (Turmeric) at 50, 100, 200 mg/kg body weight within the duration of study could positively affect the hematological parameters and general well being of the body.
An Investigation of the Linguistic, Paralinguistic and Sociocultural Effects of Input on the Perception and Translation of Gerunds by Persian Speakers of English

In this study, it was intended to investigate the Persian native speakers‟ perception of gerunds by three different elicitation techniques i.e., written, audio, and pictorial through translation. Eighty intermediate learners of English were asked to select Persian translation of the gerund forms in these elicitation techniques. They were asked to choose one option from a pair of written first language renditions, where one option represented the gerunds as a noun-like entity and the other was a verb-like rendition of the gerunds for each elicitation technique, namely, a pictorial, audio, and written input. Regarding the general tendency in the perception of gerunds, the results demonstrated that Iranian learners generally perceive it as a form that still enjoys its verb-bearing (i.e., dynamic nature). It can be concluded that not only does worldview have impact on conceptualization, but also effects can be traced in linguistic realizations of concepts. © 2014 IJSCL. All rights reserved. 1 PhD Candidate, Email: ahmadmosavi55@gmail.com (Corresponding Author) Tel: +98-632-4225431 2 Associate Professor, Email: farahani@ut.ac. ir 3 MA, Email: arizavisaleh62@yahoo.com a University of Tehran, Iran b Shahid Chamran University, Iran ARTICLE HISTORY: Received October 2013 Received in revised form January 2014 Accepted January 2014 Available online January 2014
Value of prostate-specific antigen density in negative or equivocal lesions on multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging.

OBJECTIVE The prostate-specific antigen density (PSAD) is an accessory tool when suspecting prostate cancer. Multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) of the prostate has a high rate of false negatives. The aim of this study is to evaluate the sensitivity, specificity, negative predictive value (NPV), and positive predictive value (PPV) when adding the PSAD and negative or equivocal mpMRI. MATERIAL AND METHODS A retrospective study that included prostate biopsies performed using a transperineal approach and guided by ultrasound between 2015 and 2019 was conducted. Clinically significant prostate cancer (csPCa) was defined as Gleason score ≥3+4. The population was divided into groups according to the PSAD level-≤0.15 and >0.15. Sensitivity, specificity, NPV, and PPV of mpMRI were calculated. RESULTS A total of 292 patients were included; 12.1% (4/33 patients) of the negative mpMRI group presented csPCa, and only 7 in the equivocal mpMRI group presented csPCa. NPV and sensitivity were 91.15% and 90.5%, respectively. In the positive mpMRI group, 53.7% (96/179) had csPCa, with a PPV of 53.6% and specificity of 55.3%. Of the patients with PSAD ≤0.15, 23 (16.54%) presented csPCa. All of them presented a positive mpMRI. All patients with a negative or equivocal mpMRI and a PSAD ≤0.15 presented a clinically non-significant tumor or benign result. The addition of this tool to mpMRI resulted in 100% sensitivity, 69% specificity, and 34.8% PPV. CONCLUSION In our series, PSAD ≤0.15 increased the NPV in negative or equivocal mpMRI, and through this unnecessary prostate biopsies could be avoided.
Lake area monitoring based on land surface temperature in the Tibetan Plateau from 2000 to 2018

Lake area change in the Tibetan plateau is an important indicator for climate change assessment. To overcome the temporal inconsistency of optical remote sensing-based lake area detections, a land surface temperature (LST)-based detection scheme was proposed by utilizing the big difference between land and water surface temperatures. A trend test conducted by the Mann–Kendall (MK) method was successfully applied to investigate lake area variation from 2000 to 2018 with the use of the annual mean temperature information derived from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) LST daily product. A comparison with the monitoring results from Landsat images indicates the proposed method can provide spatial distributions of lake area change with high accuracy. More importantly, the temporal variation of annual mean LST provides a special way to detect the abrupt change year (ACY) in lake area.The ACYs of most lakes mainly occur from 2004 to 2012. For an individual lake, the ACY offers vital information about the lake area change process. In summary, this work demonstrates the good potential of the LST-based method for lake area monitoring and assessment.