Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Probing Spin Dependent Parton Distributions though Deeply Virtual Processes

Spin and transverse momentum dependent parton distributions - Generalized Parton Distributions (GPDs) - are at the interface between the QCD structure of the hadrons and observable quantities. The GPDs are linear superpositions within helicity amplitudes. The amplitudes are probed in high energy leptoproduction processes through angular dependent cross sections and polarization asymmetries. Phenomenological extraction of the amplitudes and the distributions is a challenging task. We present observables that connect particularly with the chiral odd quark-nucleon helicity amplitudes for Deeply Virtual $\pi^0$ Production.
Some examples of exact and approximate solutions in small particle scattering - A progress report

The formulation of basic equations from which the scattering of radiation by a localized variation in a medium is discussed. These equations are developed in both the differential and the integral form. Primary interest is in the scattering of electromagnetic waves for which the solution of the vector wave equation with appropriate boundary conditions must be considered. Scalar scattering by an infinite homogeneous isotropic circular cylinder, and scattering of electromagnetic waves by infinite circular cylinders are treated, and the case of the finite circular cylinder is considered. A procedure is given for obtaining angular scattering distributions from spheroids.
A view of Large Magellanic Cloud H II regions N159, N132, and N166 through the 345-GHz window

Fil: Paron, Sergio Ariel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas. Oficina de Coordinacion Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Astronomia y Fisica del Espacio. - Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Astronomia y Fisica del Espacio; Argentina
Influence of genistein and diadizine on regularity of estrous cycle in cyclic female Wistar rat: interaction with estradiol receptors and vascular endothelial growth factor

Background: Isoflavones are estrogenic compounds that exist in soy, clover, and peanuts. They are selective estrogen receptor modulators. Aim: The study was planned to explain the interactions of isoflavones with estrogen receptors alpha (ERα), beta (ERβ), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expressions in ovarian and uterine tissues during different stages of the estrous cycle of regular cyclic female Wistar rats. Methods: Thirty-two regular cyclic females were divided equally into control group: fed casein-based diet and isoflavones group: fed casein-based diet and gavaged 50 mg/kg/day soy isoflavones extract 40%. The regularity of estrus cycles was monitored. Final body weight (FBW), weight gain (BWG), and ovarian and uterine weights were estimated. Histopathology and immunohistochemistry for ERα, Erβ, and VEGF in ovarian and uterine tissues were performed. Results: All females (100%, n = 16) in control group showed regularity in estrous cycle compared to 62.5% (n = 10) in isoflavones group. Estrus and diestrus phases revealed prolongation and shortening in isoflavones rats than control, respectively. Nonsignificant variation was noted in the duration of the whole cycle of both groups. FBW and BWG significantly decreased however, ovarian and uterine weights increased significantly in all estrous phases of isoflavones group than control. Histopathology demonstrated an increase in number of follicles/ovaries besides, hyperplasia and proliferation of luminal epithelium with hydropic degeneration in the isoflavones group. Also, uterine connective tissue stroma showed edema in the isoflavones group during all estrous phases. Immunostaining percentages of ERα, Erβ, and VEGF protein expression were significantly elevated in the isoflavones group during all estrous phases. Conclusion: Isoflavones induced irregularity of the estrous cycle that was encountered by increased and altered ERα, Erβ, and VEGF expressions in ovarian and uterine tissues.
The AMANOGAWA-2SB Galactic Plane Survey I. Data on the Galactic Equator

Using a waveguide-type sideband-separating receiver (2SB receiver) on the Tokyo-NRO 60-cm telescope (renamed the AMANOGAWA telescope), we carried out simultaneous observations in the 12CO(J = 2-1) and 13CO(J = 2-1) lines over the Galactic plane l = 10-245 deg along b = 0 deg with a 3.75 arcmin grid. Using the 12CO(J = 1-0) data of Dame et al. (2001), who used a beam size almost the same as ours, we show 12CO(J = 2-1)/12CO(J = 1-0) and 13CO(J = 2-1)/12CO(J = 2-1) intensity ratios on the l-v map and the intensity correlations among the three lines. As a result, a linear correlation between 12CO(J = 1-0) and 12CO(J = 2-1) and a curve correlation between 12CO(J = 2-1) and 13CO(J = 2-1), as produced by most of the data, are found. We investigate these correlations with simple radiative transfer equations to ascertain a number of restrictions on the physical quantities of molecular gas on a galactic scale.
The effect of inulin addition on probiotic bacteria viability and volatile components in low fat probiotic Tulum cheese

In this study the effects of probiotic bacteria and inulin addition on microbiological qualities, volatile aroma components and sensory properties during ripening of low-fat Tulum cheeses were examined. Adding inulin to low-fat Tulum cheeses improved the volatile aroma components, microbiological qualities, and sensory properties. The addition of inulin enhanced the growth and viability of probiotic bacteria. The total quantities of alcohol, aldehyde, carboxylic acid, hydrocarbon, and terpene increased as inulin increased due to maturation. During storage, inulin had a beneficial effect on numerous sensory qualities such as the appearance, texture, taste, and odour of the samples. The addition of 1% inulin had a more favourable effect on probiotic viability.
Comparative analysis of SN1987A antineutrino fluence

We discuss the electron antineutrino fluence derived from the events detected by Kamiokande-II, IMB and Baksan on 23 February 1987. The data are analysed adopting a new simple and accurate formula for the signal, improving on the previous modeling of the detectors response, considering the possibility of background events. We perform several alternative analyses to quantify the relevance of various descriptions, approximations and biases. In particular, we study the effect of: omitting Baksan data or neglecting the background, using simplified formulae for the signal, modifying the fluence to account for oscillations and pinching, including the measured times and angles of the events, using other descriptions of detector response, etc. We show that most of these effects are small or negligible and argue, by comparing the allowed regions for astrophysical parameters, that the results are stable. We comment on the accordance with theoretical results and on open questions.
Transverse magnetization and torque in asymmetrical mesoscopic superconductors

We show that asymmetrical mesoscopic superconductors bring new insight into vortex physics, where we found the remarkable coexistence of long and short vortices. We study an asymmetrical mesoscopic sphere that lacks one of its quadrants, and obtain its three-dimensional vortex patterns by solving the Ginzburg-Landau theory. We find that the vortex patterns are asymmetric, and their effects are clearly visible and detectable in the transverse magnetization and torque.
Thermal dilepton rate and electrical conductivity: An analysis of vector current correlation functions in quenched lattice QCD

We calculate the vector current correlation function for light valence quarks in the deconfined phase of QCD. The calculations have been performed in quenched lattice QCD at T ≃ 1.45Tc for four values of the lattice cut-off on lattices up to size 128 3 × 48. This allows to perform a continuum extrapolation of the correlation function in the Euclidean time interval 0.2 ≤ τT ≤ 0.5, which extends to the largest temporal separations possible at finite temperature, to better than 1% accuracy. In this interval, at the value of the temperature investigated, we find that the vector correlation function never deviates from the free correlator for massless quarks by more than 9%. We also determine the first two non-vanishing thermal moments of the vector meson spectral function. The second thermal moment deviates by less than 7% from the free value. With these constraints, we then proceed to extract information on the spectral representation of the vector correlator and discuss resulting consequences for the electrical conductivity and the thermal dilepton rate in the plasma phase.
Situated Intuitions, Concrete Manipulations and the Construction of the Integers: Comparing Two Experiments.

This paper further develops an instructional method called here "process-object linking and embedding". The idea is to link the familiar mathematical processes to objects in a familiar situation, then re-embed the new link through mathematical symbols into their mathematical construction. It makes use of children's extra-mathematical, ethnomathematical, or everyday knowledge to link situations to and "unpack" processes in the mathematics with which they are already confident. It is designed as a means of overcoming the problem of intuitive gaps recurring in children's mathematical development. This process is illustrated here in the case of two attempts to teach integers. It is based on the principle that intuitions arising outside mathematical experience can be imported into mathematics: strategies and concepts arising in the extra-mathematical situation can be modeled with the aid of tools and representational devices. The design of appropriate activity does need to address the whole social situation in which the child's intuitions arise. Here we find a method in which the intuition for "fairness" is carried into a classroom game in which integers are modeled particularly effectively. Contains 41 references. (PVD) ******************************************************************************** Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. ******************************************************************************** Situated Intuitions, Concrete Manipulations and the Construction of the Integers: Comparing Two Experiments by J.S. Williams L. Linchevski U.S. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION Office of Educational Research and Improvement EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC) This document has been reproduced as received from the person or organization originating it. Minor changes have been made to improve reproduction quality. Points of view or opinions stated in this document do not necessarily represent official OERI position or policy. BEST COPY AVAILABLE 2 PERMISSION TO REPRODUCE AND DISSEMINATE THIS MATERIAL HAS BEEN GRANTED BY clikaq WIIA kw-5 TO THE EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC) Situated Intuitions, concrete manipulations and the construction of the integers: comparing two experiments. Williams,J.S. (presenting),University of Manchester, Linchevski,L. Hebrew University of Jerusalem.
Exploring the Quantum: Atoms, Cavities, and Photons.

1. Unveiling the quantum 2. Strangeness and power of the quantum 3. Of spins and springs 4. The environment is watching 5. Photons in a box 6. Seeing light in subtle ways 7. Taming Schrodinger's cats 8. Atoms in a box 9. Entangling matter waves Appendix: Representation of quantum states in phase space
UNVEILING THE DETAILED DENSITY AND VELOCITY STRUCTURES OF THE PROTOSTELLAR CORE B335

We present an observational study of the protostellar core B335 harboring a low-mass Class 0 source. The observations of the H13CO+(J = 1–0) line emission were carried out using the Nobeyama 45 m telescope and Nobeyama Millimeter Array. Our combined image of the interferometer and single-dish data depicts detailed structures of the dense envelope within the core. We found that the core has a radial density profile of n(r)∝r−p and a reliable difference in the power-law indices between the outer and inner regions of the core: p ≈ 2 for r ≳ 4000 AU and p ≈ 1.5 for r ≲ 4000 AU. The dense core shows a slight overall velocity gradient of ∼1.0 km s−1 over the scale of 20, 000 AU across the outflow axis. We believe that this velocity gradient represents a solid-body-like rotation of the core. The dense envelope has a quite symmetrical velocity structure with a remarkable line broadening toward the core center, which is especially prominent in the position–velocity diagram across the outflow axis. The model calculations of position–velocity diagrams do a good job of reproducing observational results using the collapse model of an isothermal sphere in which the core has an inner free-fall region and an outer region conserving the conditions at the formation stage of a central stellar object. We derived a central stellar mass of ∼0.1 M☉, and suggest a small inward velocity, in the outer core at ≳ 4000 AU. We concluded that our data can be well explained by gravitational collapse with a quasi-static initial condition, such as Shu's model, or by the isothermal collapse of a marginally critical Bonnor–Ebert sphere.
Late Jurassic Volcanism Deduced from Geochemical, Geochronological, and Sr‐Nd‐Hf Isotopic Composition Characteristics of the Nanyuan Formation, South China

The Nanyuan Formation contains information related to the Mesozoic tectonic transformation. In this study, three representative profiles were surveyed from the Nanyuan Formation, and multiple analyses were conducted. Zircon U‐Pb dating yielded their ages as approximately 158–146 Ma. The volcanic rocks are enriched in Rb, Th, U, K, and Pb and depleted in Nb, Ta, P, and Ti, implying their affinity for I‐type granites. The εNd(t) values (–8.3 to −6.0), (87Sr/86Sr)i values (0.7077–0.7094) of the volcanic rock, and εHf(t) values (–8.71 to 0.12) of the Mesozoic zircons suggest that the Nanyuan Formation magma originated in the lower crust with the involvement of depleted mantle materials. The parent rocks of the rhyolitic and dacitic volcanic rocks formed by partial melting of basement rocks in South China and the andesitic volcanic rocks were derived from partial melting of the metasomatites generated by slab‐mantle interaction. The fractional crystallization also played an important role in later stage. Discrimination diagrams of the volcanic rocks indicated that they formed in a volcanic arc environment. Combined with previous data, the Nanyuan Formation recorded subduction of the Paleo‐Pacific Plate before regional tectonic transformation. The compressive stress field endured until the end of the Late Jurassic.
ALMA DETECTED OVERDENSITY OF SUB-MILLIMETER SOURCES AROUND WISE/NVSS-SELECTED z ∼ 2 DUSTY QUASARS

We study the environments of 49 WISE/NVSS-selected dusty, hyper-luminous, z ∼ 2 quasars using the Atacama Large Millimeter/Sub-millimeter Array (ALMA) 345 GHz images. We find that 17 of the 49 WISE/NVSS sources show additional sub-millimeter galaxies within the ALMA primary beam, probing scales within ∼150 kpc. We find a total of 23 additional sub-millimeter sources, four of which are in the field of a single WISE/NVSS source. The measured 870 μm source counts are ∼10× what is expected for unbiased regions, suggesting such hyper-luminous dusty quasars are excellent at probing high-density peaks.
Extreme fluctuations of the relative velocities between droplets in turbulent airflow

We compare experiments and direct numerical simulations to evaluate the accuracy of the Stokes-drag model, which is used widely in studies of inertial particles in turbulence. We focus on statistics at the dissipation scale and on extreme values of relative particle velocities for moderately inertial particles (St < 1). The probability distributions of relative velocities in the simulations were qualitatively similar to those in the experiments. The agreement improved with increasing Stokes number and decreasing relative velocity. Simulations underestimated the probability of extreme events, which suggests that the Stokes drag model misses important dynamics. Nevertheless, the scaling behavior of the extreme events in both the experiments and the simulations can be captured by the same multi-fractal model.
Dynamical impact of the Planet Nine scenario: N-body experiments

The Planet Nine hypothesis has now enough constraints to deserve further attention in the form of detailed numerical experiments. The results of such studies can help us improve our understanding of the dynamical effects of such a hypothetical object on the extreme trans-Neptunian objects or ETNOs and perhaps provide additional constraints on the orbit of Planet Nine itself. Here, we present the results of direct N-body calculations including the latest data available on the Planet Nine conjecture. The present-day orbits of the six ETNOs originally linked to the hypothesis are evolved backwards in time and into the future under some plausible incarnations of the hypothesis to investigate if the values of several orbital elements, including the argument of perihelion, remain confined to relatively narrow ranges. We find that a nominal Planet Nine can keep the orbits of (90377) Sedna and 2012 VP113 relatively well confined in orbital parameter space for hundreds of Myr, but it may make the orbits of 2004 VN112, 2007 TG422 and 2013 RF98 very unstable on time-scales of dozens of Myr, turning them retrograde and eventually triggering their ejection from the Solar system. Far more stable orbital evolution is found with slightly modified orbits for Planet Nine.
Sinusoidal-Based Multiple Access Scheme for Visible Light Decentralized Asynchronous Systems

In some visible light communication (VLC) systems, transmitters are light sources which support not only illumination but also information broadcast and positioning. Since transmit signals in these systems inevitably interfere with each other at the receiver side, extra devices may be added to synchronize the transmitters, but this impairs an appealing advantage in VLC systems that existing lighting infrastructure can be simply reused. This paper proposes a novel multiple access scheme to realize decentralized asynchronous VLC systems such that both the transmitters and receivers are asynchronous. For a system with <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$N$</tex-math></inline-formula> transmitters, two unique codewords of <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$L$</tex-math></inline-formula> chips are allocated to each transmitter where <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$L$</tex-math></inline-formula> is a prime number larger than <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\text{4}\,N$</tex-math></inline-formula>. Those codewords are designed to help maintain a constant transmitted average power and enhance channel estimation, as well as conveying data. Our scheme enables the receiver to obtain one channel estimate and one data symbol per <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$L$</tex-math></inline-formula> chips. Simulation results show that the proposed scheme significantly outperforms other schemes in the literature in terms of bit error rate and system throughput.
TRACING THE OUTER HALO IN A GIANT ELLIPTICAL TO 25 Reff

We have used the Advanced Camera for Surveys and Wide Field Camera 3 cameras on board the Hubble Space Telescope to resolve stars in the halo of the nearest giant elliptical (gE) galaxy NGC 5128 out to a projected distance of 140 kpc (25 effective radii, Reff) along the major axis and 90 kpc (16 Reff) along the minor axis. This data set provides an unprecedented radial coverage of the stellar halo properties in any gE galaxy. Color–magnitude diagrams clearly reveal the presence of the red giant branch stars belonging to the halo of NGC 5128, even in our most distant fields. The star counts demonstrate increasing flattening of the outer halo, which is elongated along the major axis of the galaxy. The V − I colors of the red giants enable us to measure the metallicity distribution in each field and so map the gradient out to ∼16 Reff from the galaxy center along the major axis. A median metallicity is obtained even for the outermost fields along both axes. We observe a smooth transition from a metal-rich ([M/H] ∼0.0) inner galaxy to lower metallicity in the outer halo, with the metallicity gradient slope along the major axis of Δ[M/H]/ΔR ≃ −0.0054 ± 0.0006 dex kpc−1. In the outer halo, beyond ∼10 Reff, the number density profile follows a power law, but also significant field-to-field metallicity and star count variations are detected. The metal-rich component dominates in all observed fields, and the median metallicity is [M/H] >−1 dex in all fields.
Generalizing Monocular 3D Human Pose Estimation in the Wild

The availability of the large-scale labeled 3D poses in the Human3.6M dataset plays an important role in advancing the algorithms for 3D human pose estimation from a still image. We observe that recent innovation in this area mainly focuses on new techniques that explicitly address the generalization issue when using this dataset, because this database is constructed in a highly controlled environment with limited human subjects and background variations. Despite such efforts, we can show that the results of the current methods are still error-prone especially when tested against the images taken in-the-wild. In this paper, we aim to tackle this problem from a different perspective. We propose a principled approach to generate high quality 3D pose ground truth given any in-the-wild image with a person inside. We achieve this by first devising a novel stereo inspired the neural network to directly map any 2D pose to high quality 3D counterpart. We then perform a carefully designed geometric searching scheme to further refine the joints. Based on this scheme, we build a large-scale dataset with 400,000 in-the-wild images and their corresponding 3D pose ground truth. This enables the training of a high quality neural network model, without specialized training scheme and auxiliary loss function, which performs favorably against the state-of-the-art 3D pose estimation methods. We also evaluate the generalization ability of our model both quantitatively and qualitatively. Results show that our approach convincingly outperforms the previous methods. We make our dataset and code publicly available.
Les Houches 2015: Physics at TeV Colliders Standard Model Working Group Report

This Report summarizes the proceedings of the 2015 Les Houches workshop on Physics at TeV Colliders. Session 1 dealt with (I) new developments relevant for high precision Standard Model calculations, (II) the new PDF4LHC parton distributions, (III) issues in the theoretical description of the production of Standard Model Higgs bosons and how to relate experimental measurements, (IV) a host of phenomenological studies essential for comparing LHC data from Run I with theoretical predictions and projections for future measurements in Run II, and (V) new developments in Monte Carlo event generators.
On the origin of variable structures in the winds of hot luminous stars

Examination of the temporal variability properties of several strong optical recombination lines in a large sample of Galactic Wolf-Rayet (WR) stars reveals possible trends, especially in the more homogeneous WC than the diverse WN subtypes, of increasing wind variability with cooler subtypes. This could imply that a serious contender for the driver of the variations is stochastic, magnetic subsurface convection associated with the 170 kK partial-ionization zone of iron, which should occupy a deeper and larger zone of greater mass in cooler WR subtypes. This empirical evidence suggests that the heretofore proposed ubiquitous driver of wind variability, radiative instabilities, may not be the only mechanism playing a role in the stochastic multiple small-scaled structures seen in the winds of hot luminous stars. In addition to small-scale stochastic behaviour, subsurface convection guided by a global magnetic field with localized emerging loops may also be at the origin of the large-scale corotating interaction regions as seen frequently in O stars and occasionally in the winds of their descendant WR stars.