Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
INTERACTION BETWEEN DIETARY MINERAL AND PHYTASE ON BIOLOGICAL PERFORMANCES OF JAPANESE FLOUNDER, Paralichthys olivaceus. PART I. GROWTH, FEED INTAKE, AND WHOLE BODY MINERAL CONTENT

In order to determine the effect of dietary calcium (Ca), inorganic phosphorus (IP), and phytase (P) supplementation in marine fish, a 2 x 2 x 2 factorial design was arranged to observe the interrelationship between dietary Ca and IP with the presence of dietary phytase. Two levels of dietary Ca at 0% and 0.2% combined with either 0% or 0.25% of dietary IP and either with 0 and 2,000 FTU phytase/kg diet, respectively to formulate eight experimental diets. SPI-based diet was used as basal diet and the sources of Ca, IP, and phytase were similar to those used in the previous experiment. Juvenile Japanese flounder with initial body weight around 0.6 g was fed the test diets. After 30 days of feeding trial, the results showed that both dietary IP and phytase, but not dietary Ca significantly enhanced the growth and feed intake. The highest growth was achieved in fish fed a diet containing the Ca, IP, and phytase supplement among groups. Fish fed diet without the three dietary supplements had the lowest SGR and did not significantly improve by supplementing dietary Ca. Feed intake (FI) and was significantly influenced by dietary IP and phytase, not dietary Ca while feed conversion ratio (FCR) was significantly affected by all dietary treatments. Interaction effect was detected between dietary Ca and IP, between dietary IP and P on FCR. Total phosphorus content in whole body was significantly increased by supplementing all dietary treatments which was highest in fish fed 0.25 IP/0.2 Ca/P. Significant interaction was observed between dietary IP and P on this parameter. Whole body Ca content was significantly improved by either dietary IP or Ca and not dietary P. As conclusion even without inorganic Ca supplement, dietary IP at level of 0.25% or 2,000 FTU phytase/kg diet could enhance growth and FI of fish as well as whole body phosphorus content of juvenile Japanese flounder when diet basal contained organic Ca around 1.2%.
Effect of Different Drying Methods on Some Biochemical Properties of Iranian Ox-tongue (Echium amoenum Fisch. & Mey.)

Iranian ox-tongue (Echium amoenum Fisch. & Mey.) belongs to Boraginaceae family and is an herbaceous and perennial endemic Iranian medicinal plant and naturally is grown in mountainous regions of North of Iran (Babakhanzadeh-Sajirani et al., 2014) at an altitude ranging from 60-2200 meters (Soltani, 2005; Mozaffarian, 1998). Flowers and leaves are the main medicinal parts of the Iranian ox-tongue (Abed et al., 2014). Dried violet– blue petals of ox-tongue in Iranian traditional medicine have been used as diaphoretic, tranquillizer, cough suppressant, tonic and as a remedy for sore throat (Amin, 1991; Mehrabani et al., 2005). The major components of Iranian ox-tongue petals including anthocyanin, flavonoids, saponins, unsaturated terpenoids, sterols and essential oils (Shafaghi et al., 2002). Journal of Herbal Drug
Back to Africa: autumn migration of the painted lady butterfly Vanessa cardui is timed to coincide with an increase in resource availability

1. The painted lady Vanessa cardui is a long‐range migratory butterfly that performs an annual multi‐generational round‐trip between Europe and Africa. Each autumn it returns to northwest (NW) Africa, presumably to track changes in resources that follow a predictable climate‐related spatio‐temporal pattern.
Local control of recruitment in an epifaunal community and the consequences to colonization processes

We found that recruitment, abundance, and dominance within two subtidal epifaunal communities in southern New England, USA persist year after year over large areas of the bottom. This long-term persistence in both dominance and recruitment is not expected in such an open system with disturbances continually creating open patches for recruiting larvae whose identity and abundances change both temporally and spatially. We suggest that the persistence results from strong local control of recruitment that overrides any variability in larval production and dispersal of species from outside a site. Although local dynamics that control persistence involve all life-stages, we found that intense predation on post-settlement individuals has drastic effects. This predation alters the relative abundances of recruits, prevents the invasion of some species, and allows others to dominate. In addition, epifaunal communities are often dominated by species producing short-lived, poorly dispersed larvae. The continued local recruitment of these species at a given site can contribute to the long-term persistence of dominants already present. Based on these observations, we suggest that a system of locally reproducing, self-sustaining populations coupled with strong local environmental differences (e.g. predation on recruits) limiting the invasion of other species may better represent some subtidal benthic communities than a system with widely-dispersed larvae, recruitment dominated by production outside the community, disturbance creating continual changes in dominance, and little long-term persistence.
RELATIONS BETWEEN COMMON DORMICE (MUSCARDINUS AVELLANARIUS) AND OTHER OCCUPANTS OF BIRD NEST-BOXES IN LIr-rHUANIA

Relations between Common dormice (Muscardinus o\'ellanarills L.) and other occupants of nest­ boxes are cOlnpetitive. Competition for nest-boxes between Ivl. avellanarius and the Pied flycat­ cher (Ficedula hYfJoleuca) occurs in the form of destroying their nests. The Great tit (Pants 17zajor) and Blue tit (P. caerllleus), having later breeding tiInes and being more aggressive, are not affected by dormice. Nest-boxes occupied by bUlnblc bees, wasps and hornets are not used by 1\1­ avellanariliS. In autumn, M. avellanariliS are displaced frOlTI nest-boxes by Yellow-necked lnice (Apodelnus flavicollis). Dorn1ouse nests remaining from the previous year have a negative ilnpact on roosting and breeding of hole-nesting birds, except of F. hypoleuca, but encourage nest-box occupation by bumble bees.
FIELD STUDIES WITH CABBAGE DIAMONDBACK MOTH, Plutella xylostella (L.) (LEPIDOPTERA : YPONOMEUTIDAE) PHEROMONES

Investigations were conducted in the Department of Agricultural Entomology, University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore during 2012-13. The results of the experiments conducted on water trap height showed that maximum numbers of DBM were trapped when trap heights varied between 0.1 to 0.4 meter above the ground. When trap density in cabbage fields was 24, 16 and 32 traps per acre 15394, 10680 and 10598 moths/acre were trapped, respectively. Maximum number of DBM larvae were recorded after 24 and 32 days after trap installation. There was significantly negative relationship (r= -0.989) between DBM moth catches in trap and larvae on plants and inversely proportional to the number of pupae on cabbage plants. The seasonal incidence of DBM moth catches under field conditions was found in relation to the prevailing weather conditions during the study period. The moth catches in traps gradually increased from 10.38 moths/trap/week to maximum of 171.54 moths/trap/week during 27 standard week. The trap catches of DBM moths had a positive association with maximum temperature (r=0.650) and rainfall (r=0.852) and negative association with minimum temperature (r= -0.696), morning RH (r= -0.434), afternoon RH (r= -0.821), evaporation (r= -0.183) and wind speed (r= -0.825). This suggests that combination of all the factors influenced DBM moth catches. Similar results were also obtained with DBM pupae in study plot. The results showed that 36% maximum moth catches were obtained in emamectin benzoate plot. This suggested that emamectin benzoate did not deter the moths from getting trapped. Chlorantraniliprole and Spinosad sprayed plots recorded more number moth catches in water traps. Aforementioned promising insecticides are being commonly used and totally three sprays were given commencing from 15 days after transplanting of the crop with an interval of 10 days. The results showed that emamectin benzoate sprayed in pheromone traps installed treatment was significantly superior over other insecticides sprayed in pheromone installed plots and also the same insecticides sprayed without pheromone traps installed plots. Dr. A.K. Chakravarthy Syed Imran Major Advisor PALB 2125 aÀdæ É̈¤ß£À ¥ÀvÀAUÀ, ¥ÀÅöèmÉ ̄Áè eóÉÊ É̄Æ ̧ÉÖ ̄Áè (J ̄ï.) (AiÀÄÄ¥ÉÇÃ£ÉÆaÉÄnqÉ: É̄¦qÉÆ¥ÉÖgÁ) ¥sóÉgÉÆÃaÉÆÃ£ïUÀ1⁄4À PÉëÃvÀæ CzsÀåAiÀÄ£À
Facilitation, competition and parasitic facilitation amongst invasive and native liana seedlings and a native tree seedling

Lianas are prevalent in gaps and edges of forests where they compete intensely with trees, reducing growth and recruitment. Invasive lianas have the potential to be particularly harmful as the competitive advantage of the liana life history may be coupled with the more competitive qualities of invasiveness. However, in early stages of growth of lianas and native tree seedlings, facilitatory interactions or competitive interactions associated with soil nutrients may be more prevalent. We investigated interactions at the early stages of growth between native and invasive lianas with a common rainforest tree of temperate Australian rainforests under different light conditions. Invasive lianas, as a group, were not more competitive than native lianas in reducing growth of a native rainforest seedling. At this stage in the life cycle most lianas were as competitive as a conspecific seedling. However, one invasive liana, Anredera cordifolia, was particularly competitive and reduced biomass of tree seedlings. Light had little effect on growth of lianas nor on the impact of competition, however, specific leaf area differed between low and medium light conditions. Moderate light did improve growth in the rainforest tree seedling. When lianas were grown with a rainforest tree, three liana species overyielded, while one species was unaffected by growing with the tree seedling. Overyielding suggests a strong positive interaction with the neighbouring plant, mediated through belowground processes. We discuss the potential for these interactions to be facilitative, parasitic or competitive. We therefore show that interactions early in the life of rainforest species can be complex mixtures of interactions which are likely to influence the ability of lianas to dominate rainforests. Disciplines Medicine and Health Sciences | Social and Behavioral Sciences Publication Details French, K. , Robinson, S. A. , Smith, L. & Watts, E. (2017). Facilitation, competition and parasitic facilitation amongst invasive and native liana seedlings and a native tree seedling. NeoBiota, 36 17-38. This journal article is available at Research Online: http://ro.uow.edu.au/smhpapers/5153 Plant-plant interactions with lianas 17 Facilitation, competition and parasitic facilitation amongst invasive and native liana seedlings and a native tree seedling Kris French1, Sharon A. Robinson1, Liza Smith1, Eva Watts1 1 Centre for Sustainable Ecosystem Solutions, School of Biological Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia Corresponding author: Kris French (kris@uow.edu.au) Academic editor: B. Murray | Received 25 April 2017 | Accepted 14 July 2017 | Published 14 August 2017 Citation: French K, Robinson SA, Smith L, Watts E (2017) Facilitation, competition and parasitic facilitation amongst invasive and native liana seedlings and a native tree seedling. NeoBiota 36: 17–38. https://doi.org/10.3897/
Longevity of Cows Depending on their First Lactation Yield and Herd Production Level

Abstract The effect of first lactation yield and herd production level on longevity was studied using data from the SYMLEK database on 12045 Polish Holstein-Friesian cows in 1371 farms from the active population in Pomerania and Kujawy. The cows first calved in 2008 and were used or disposed from the herds by the end of 2015. FREQ, GLM and CORR procedures from the SAS package were used in the statistical calculations. The optimum level of first lactation milk from the viewpoint of longevity varies according to herd production level, which serves as a measure of the quality of rearing conditions. If the living conditions are not adapted to the high milk production of first calvers, there is a possibility that their productive life will be shortened and number of calvings decreased. The percentage of voluntary culling decisions by the breeder, which included the sale for further breeding, low milk yield and old age, averaged 9% and decreased with increasing herd production level from 16% to around 6%. The main reason for culling was infertility (around 40% on average). Culling due to infertility was particularly common among the cows which produced more than 11000 kg milk as first calvers.
Assessment of Aquatic Faunal Diversity in the Ratargul Swamp Forest at Sylhet in Bangladesh

The study was conducted to asses the aquatic faunal diversity in the Ratargul Swamp Forest during the period from November 2014 to October 2015. For the systematic study of aquatic fauna, the quadrate method along with transect was used where 4 transects were selected in the swamp forest each with 5 stations based on topography and vegetation. A total of 24 species of aquatic fauna belonging to 18 families were identified during the period, which were crustaceans (7), molluscs (4), fishes (12) and annelid (1). Among them, fishes were the most dominant and abundant groups. The crustaceans, molluscs, fishes and annelid were shown different pattern of density and diversity within the Transects. The density of individuals in Ratargul Swamp Forest varied from station to station within a range of 8 to 40 Indm - ² . The lowest Simpson’s Index of Diversity was 2.76 in T-4, which was situated in the transitional area between forested land and relatively deep lake within the forest. Leptocarpus potamiscus , Nandus nandus , and Pila globosa were the dominant shrimp, fish and mollusc species in the T-4, respectively. The highest Simpson’s Index of Diversity was 3.89 in T-3, which was situated along the bank of a small channel within the forest. Nematopalaemon tenuipes , Puntius ticto , and Pila globosa were the dominant shrimp, fish and mollusc species in T-3, respectively. J. Environ. Sci. & Natural Resources, 9(2): 51-64 2016
Decision-related signals in the presence of nonzero signal stimuli, internal bias, and feedback

Understanding the nature of decision-related signals in sensory neurons promises to give insights into their role in perceptual decision-making. Those signals, traditionally quantified as choice probabilities (CP), are well-understood in a feedforward framework assuming zero-signal trials with no choice bias. Here, we extend this understanding by analytically solving models of choice-related signals that account for informative stimuli, choice bias, and importantly, feedback signals reflecting either internal states, such as attention or belief, or the outcome of the decision process. First, we relate CPs to Choice Triggered Averages (CTAs), which quantify choice-related average changes in neural responses, and show that both have general expressions valid for activity-choice covariations of both feedforward or feedback origin. These expressions allow a meaningful calculation of CPs across all trials, including non-zero signal trials. Second, we derive how CPs and CTAs depend on feedforward and feedback weights and on noise correlations under several plausible model architectures. Third, we examine different types of feedback signals, related to predictive coding, probabilistic inference, and attention, and we predict how CPs and CTAs depend in each case on the stimulus signal level and on the neural tuning properties. Finally, we show that measuring both CPs and CTAs offers complementary information about the origin of choice-related signals, especially when studying temporal changes of activity-choice covariations across the trial time. Overall, our work provides new analytical tools to better understand the link between sensory representations and perceptual decisions.
Insilico Structure Prediction of p27 SJ , a Novel Protein in St John's Wort, that Suppresses Expression of HIV-1 Genome

SJ present in a laboratory callus culture of Hypericum perforatum suppresses transcription of the HIV-1 genome in several human cell types including primary culture of microglia and astrocytes. p27 SJ associates with C/EBPβ, a transcription factor that regulates expression of the HIV-1 genome in macrophages and monocytic cells, and the viral transactivator, Tat. It has been found that it can suppress transcription of the HIV-1 genome. Despite its importance, the three dimensional (3D) structure of p27 SJ has not yet been reported. A homology modeling method was used for the prediction of the structure of p27 SJ protein. For the modeling, template protein was obtained by Geno3D server, template protein pdb|2Q9T|chain A having identity 88%, E value 3e-129 and alignment Score 1140. By comparing the template protein a rough model was constructed for the target protein using MODELLER, a program for comparative modelling. The structure of p27 SJ protein of Hypericum perforatum was found to resemble the structure of peroxiredoxin high resolution structure of Ding Protein of Pseudomonas fluorescence . From Ramachandran plot analysis it was found that the portion of residues falling into the most favoured regions was 95.4%. The predicted 3-D model may be further characterized and analyzed using other techniques.
Cross-cultural effects on ensemble coding of emotion in facial crowds

In many social situations, we make a snap judgment about crowds of people relying on their overall mood (termed “crowd emotion”). Although reading crowd emotion is critical for interpersonal dynamics, the sociocultural aspects of this process have not been explored. The current study examined how culture modulates the processing of crowd emotion in Korean and American observers. Korean and American participants were briefly presented with two groups of faces that were individually varying in emotional expressions and asked to choose which group between the two they would rather avoid. We found that Korean participants were more accurate than American participants overall, in line with the framework on cultural viewpoints: Holistic versus analytic processing in East Asians versus Westerners. Moreover, we found a speed advantage for other-race crowds in both cultural groups. Finally, we found different hemispheric lateralization patterns: American participants were more accurate for angry crowds presented in the left visual field and happy crowds presented in the right visual field, replicating previous studies, whereas Korean participants did not show an interaction between emotional valence and visual field. This work suggests that culture plays a role in modulating our crowd emotion perception of groups of faces and responses to them.
A Periphyton-Based Diet Results in an Increased Growth Rate Compared to a Detritus-Based Diet in the Invasive New Zealand Mud Snail (Potamopyrgus antipodarum).

Abstract: The invasive New Zealand mud snail, Potamopyrgus antipodarum (Gray 1843), has been present in the Laurentian Great Lakes for at least 20 years. Recently, the snail has spread to streams that empty into Lake Ontario. In the deep waters of Lake Ontario, detritus is the common food source for the snails; while in streams periphyton becomes an important part of their diet. This experiment was designed to test the hypothesis that a diet of periphyton will lead to a higher growth rate compared to detritus. Benthic sediment was collected from 18 m depth in Lake Erie. Periphyton was grown on small rocks collected from Spring Run stream in central Pennsylvania. Eighty juvenile snails (0.6–1.0 mm in length) were placed individually into plastic cups and divided into four treatments: control snails that were fed Spirulina powder (standard lab diet), snails kept in lake sediment, snails reared on rocks with periphyton growth, and snails in a combination habitat of rock and lake sediment. After six weeks, the snails were measured again. Snails in the periphyton-only treatment had a significantly greater growth rate than snails in the remaining treatments. The other three treatments resulted in similarly low growth rates. These results suggest that the change in diet from detritus-based to periphyton-based as the snails move from a lake to a stream environment may result in higher individual and possibly population growth rates, and thus could increase their invasion success.
New type of progressive provisioning as a characteristic parental behaviour of the crabronid wasp Pemphredon fabricii (Hymenoptera Crabronidae)

Bees and stinging wasps (Hymenoptera Aculeata) are well known for the great variety of their nesting resources, which include cavities such as empty reed galls. The majority of the species are mass provisioners, and they do not take any care of their brood after provisioning of the nest. Pemphredon fabricii (Crabronidae) nests in abandoned reed galls of Lipara (Diptera Chloropidae) frit flies. However, P. fabricii uses a different type of late progressive provisioning, described here. Nesting females do not make separate chambers for larvae, but instead fill the interior space of the gall with paralysed aphids and lay a single egg at the body surface of one to eight aphids out of the total number of aphids provisioned. Larvae are polyphagous, and are provisioned with at least 21 aphid species. Hyalopterus pruni is the most common prey, since it feeds on common reed in summer. Before pupation, the larvae sort in the cavity from the biggest (turning to females) at the base to the smallest (turning to males) at the apex. In about 20% of nests, the nesting female brings fresh aphids to feed the smallest larvae at the apex of the nest, while the bigger larvae at the bottom reach maturity much earlier. Similar care for larvae at the end of their development has never been reported in any other insect species. Nests of P. fabricii are commonly attacked by two predator beetle and 14 parasitoid species. All these parasites are generalists, and P. fabricii serves as their satellite host.
Human papillomavirus targets crossroads in immune signaling

Persistent infections with high-risk type human papillomaviruses (hrHPVs) can progress to cancer. HrHPVs infect keratinocytes (KCs) and successfully suppress host immunity for up to two years despite the fact that KCs are well equipped to detect and initiate immune responses to invading pathogens. HrHPV interferes with the innate immune response by affecting several signaling pathways that otherwise would prompt anti-viral mechanisms in the host cell. Furthermore, hrHPV interferes with the production of cytokines that are involved in the attraction of immune cells to the infected epithelium. In addition, hrHPV hides itself from the immune system by suppressing the antigen presentation machinery and employs means to hamper the response of KC__s to signals from adaptive immune cells. In this thesis we show that hrHPV attenuates innate immune signaling (Chapter 2) and CD40-mediated (Chapter 3) and IFN_ and/or TNF_-induced (Chapter 4) adaptive immune signaling. HrHPV exploits the cellular proteins UCHL1 (Chapter 2) and IFRD1 (Chapter 4) that act on multiple points in the IRF and NF_B signaling pathways. Moreover, hrHPV downregulates cellular IFITM1 to resist the growth inhibitory effects of IFN_ and/or TNF_ (Chapter 5). Our data provide important new insights on how hrHPV can persist in the face of host immunity.