Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An Enhanced Automatic Surface and Structural Flaw Inspection and Categorization using Image Processing Both for Flat and Textured Ceramic Tiles

As the price of ceramic tiles depend on its limpidness and precision of surface texture, color and shape, it’s in fact a great challenge to control surface eminence and uphold production rate in the field of industrial fabrication of ceramic tiles. Under consideration these criteria, in this research paper, we have proposed an enhanced automatic surface flaw detection and categorization procedure that is able to guarantee the quality of ceramic tiles as well as production rate in industrial fabrication. Our proposed model plays an important role for automatic revealing of surface flaw during production and packaging. This proposed model includes an automatic categorization technique using computer vision that helps us to make sense about the pattern of surface defect within a very short time and also helps to make quick decision about the recovery process. Moreover, it also ensures the quality of tiles automatically during packaging procedure so that the defected tiles may not be mixed up with the fresh tiles.
A Green Wave

Since they first entered the European Parliament 25 years ago, the Greens have had a widely varying degree of success in both national and European elections. It has often been noted that the Greens obtained their best results in the wealthy countries of the North while they have had greater difficulty in establishing themselves in the South and the East. Do the Greens
Data-Based Optimal Control for Networked Double-Layer Industrial Processes

This paper investigates the data-based optimal control for a class of networked industrial processes with a double-layer architecture. Without knowing the dynamics of subsystems at the device layer, the index prediction function is constructed via the input/output signals, and radial basis function neural networks. The tuning laws for the index prediction function are obtained through the optimal control strategy. Then, by treating the network-induced phenomenon as random round-trip time delay and introducing the predictive algorithm, the compensation scheme is designed at the operation layer to dynamically decompose the setpoints. Finally, two simulation examples are given to further illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed compensation strategy.
Automatic Drug Adverse Reaction Discovery from Parenting Websites Using Disproportionality Methods

The pediatric fact that children "are not just little adults" reflects special drug class, dosing, pharmacokinetic parameters that must be considered when planning safe and effective health interventions, because evidence of drug safety and efficiency cannot be extrapolated from adults to children. There is significant interest in utilization of observational health care data in pediatric drug safety research. We gathered data from eight different parenting websites in order to explore automatic drug adverse reaction discovery. In recent years, Web forums offer an opportunity for parents and doctors to share healthcare information regarding prescription drugs. Our aim is to discover drugs and adverse reactions and quantify their association using statistical methods based on different measures of disproportionality. Also, applied disproportionality methods have the potential to scale well to large databases such ours.
Characterization of the binding specificity of two anticruciform DNA monoclonal antibodies.

Two monoclonal antibodies (2D3 and 4B4) have been raised against a stable cruciform DNA structure containing the 27-base pair palindrome of the SV40 origin of replication on one strand and an unrelated 26-base pair palindrome on the complementary strand (pRGM 21 x pRGM 29) and have been shown to recognize conformational determinants specific to cruciform DNA structures (Frappier, L., Price, G.B., Martin, R. G., and Zannis-Hadjopoulos, M. (1987) J. Mol. Biol. 193, 751-758). To define the region(s) of the cruciform that is recognized by these antibodies, we examined the ability of 2D3 and 4B4 to protect the single-stranded tips of the loops or the four-way junctions at the base of the stem of stable cruciform molecules against cleavage by mung bean nuclease or T7 endonuclease 3, respectively. Both antibodies were found to protect two of the four elbow-like structures at the base of the cruciform from T7 endonuclease 3 cleavage, but not the tips of the cruciform arms from mung bean nuclease cleavage. Also, predigestion of the cruciform with mung bean nuclease did not affect the binding of either antibody. In addition, 2D3 bound to a cruciform and a T-shaped structure involving the palindromic sequence at the cloning site of pUC7, which is completely unrelated in sequence to the palindrome of pRGM 21 x pRGM 29, and protected the base of these stem-loop structures against cleavage by T4 endonuclease VII. These results indicate that 2D3 and 4B4 bind at or near the base of the cruciform molecules and that, at least for 2D3, binding is independent of DNA sequence.
The use or misuse of three-dimensional graphs to represent lower-dimensional data

Some statisticians hold strong opinions regarding graphs with a 3-D look. However, in experiments little attention has been paid to the effects of adding decorative depth. The performance of subjects on pie charts and bar charts with and without 3-D was evaluated in the present experiment. Subjects were asked to make relative magnitude estimates for different graphs. For pie charts, better performance was observed for 2-D than for 3-D charts. For the bar charts, a more differentiated picture emerged: performance was dependent on the position, height and dimension of the bars. However, 3-D bar charts had the one disadvantage that subjects needed more time to evaluate this type of graph.
How does urbanization affect energy and CO2 emission intensities in Vietnam? Evidence from province-level data

Given the argument that urbanization is closely related to the economic growth with improved the quality of life, the role of urbanization on energy consumption and pollution emission has received attention from regulators and researchers. Recently, Vietnam, as one of the rapid growth emerging countries, has been undergoing a massive urbanization with massive increase in energy consumption and pollution. The purpose of this study is to discuss how urbanization affects energy and CO2 emission intensities in Vietnam by using the province-level data over the period from 2010 to 2013. Our empirical analysis presents clear evidences supportive of the regional disparity of the effect of urbanization. For provinces with the low income level, urbanization would intensify energy and CO2 emission intensities. In contrast, for provinces with the high income level, urbanization would mitigate energy and CO2 emission intensities. This study also discusses related issues for three sectors of the Vietnamese economy: agricultural, industrial, and service sectors.
The Effect of the Potential PhoQ Histidine Kinase Inhibitors on Shigella flexneri Virulence

PhoQ/PhoP is an important two-component system that regulates Shigella virulence. We explored whether the PhoQ/PhoP system is a promising target for new antibiotics against S. flexneri infection. By using a high-throughput screen and enzymatic activity coupled assay, four compounds were found as potential PhoQ inhibitors. These compounds not only inhibited the activity of SF-PhoQc autophosphorylation but also displayed high binding affinities to the SF-PhoQc protein in the Surface Plasmon Resonance response. A S. flexneri cell invasion assay showed that three of these potential PhoQ inhibitors inhibit the invasion of HeLa cells by S. flexneri 9380. In a Mouse Sereny test, mice inoculated with S. flexneri 9380 pre-treated with the potential PhoQ inhibitors 1, 2, 3 or 4 displayed no inflammation, whereas mice inoculated with S. flexneri 9380 alone displayed severe keratoconjunctival inflammation. All four potential PhoQ inhibitors showed no significant cytotoxicity or hemolytic activity. These data suggest that the four potential PhoQ inhibitors inhibited the virulence of S. flexneri and that PhoQ/PhoP is a promising target for the development of drugs against S. flexneri infection.
A hexanucleotide sequence (dC1–dC6 tract) restricts the dC-specific cleavage of single-stranded DNA by endonuclease IV of bacteriophage T4

Endonuclease (Endo) IV encoded by denB of bacteriophage T4 is an enzyme that cleaves single-stranded (ss) DNA in a dC-specific manner. Previously we have demonstrated that a dTdCdA is most preferable for Endo IV when an oligonucleotide substrate having a single dC residue is used. Here we demonstrate that Endo IV cleaves ssDNAs exclusively at the 5′-proximal dC where a sequence comprises dC residues both at the 5′ proximal and 3′ proximal positions (a dCs tract-dependent cleavage). The dCs tract-dependent cleavage is efficient and occurs when a dCs tract has at least 6 bases. Some dCs tracts larger than 6 bases behave as that of 6 bases (an extended dCs tract), while some others do not. One decameric dCs tract was shown to be cleavable in a dCs tract-dependent manner, but that with 13 dCs was not. The dCs tract-dependent cleavage is enhanced by the presence of a third dC residue at least for a 6 or 7 dCs tract. In contrast to the dCs tract-dependent cleavage, a dCs tract-independent one is generally inefficient and if two modes are possible for a substrate DNA, a dCs tract-dependent mode prevails. A model for the dCs tract-dependent cleavage is proposed.
The Potential for Dispersing Bunker C (IFO-380) Fuel Oils: Initial results

The 1997 sea trials carried out by the National Environmental Technology Centre (NETCEN) for the UK’s Maritime and Coastguard Agency (MCA), Exxon Research and Engineering and Alaska Department of Environmental Conservation (ADEC) were a turning point in demonstrating that it may be possible to disperse some types of Bunker C (IFO-180, heavy fuel oils) using dispersants. The results of follow up laboratory studies suggest that dispersants may be a potential response option for spills of Bunker C (IFO-380, heavy fuel oil) at water temperatures of 15°C or greater. The paper describes how the results from the WSL laboratory dispersant test are correlated with field data to estimate likely dispersibility. However, laboratory tests are not definitive and the results of these experiments need to be verified at sea in controlled experimental trials. Among the dispersants tested Corexit 9500 proved to be the dispersant of choice for treating a Bunker C from the Milford Haven refinery at the likely operational dosages. Some other dispersants such as Dasic LTSW or Superdispersant 25 proved to be effective on the emulsified Bunker C at high dose rates, while other dispersants such as Agma DR379 and Dasic NS do not appear to be suitable products for treating emulsified IFO-380 spills on the basis of these laboratory tests on the Milford Haven HFO. 1.0 Introduction There is a higher frequency of Heavy Fuel Oil (HFO) spills than spills of crude oil around the world. Typically, around 90-95% of the HFO spilt at sea comes ashore. Currently, the response options to HFO spills are limited. One option is to do nothing and allow the oil to strand and subsequently to clean up the shoreline. However, this could result in ecological damage to resources and a costly shoreline clean-up operation. An alternative option is to mechanically recover the oil using booms and skimmers, but these can only be deployed in low sea states since they are only effective in fairly calm weather conditions. The use of booms and skimmers typically only recovers a small amount of the oil that has been spilled. Heavy Fuel Oil (or Bunker C as it is sometimes known) has previously been viewed as not dispersible. The 1997 sea trials (Lewis et al, 1998, Lunel & Lewis 1999) carried out for MCA by the National Environmental Technology Centre (NETCEN) demonstrated that it may be possible to use a new dispersant, Corexit 9500, on some types of heavy fuel oils.
Non-specific depolymerization of chitosan by pronase and characterization of the resultant products.

Pronase (type XXV serine protease from Streptomyces griseus) efficiently depolymerizes chitosan, a linear beta-->1,4-linked polysaccharide of 2-amino-deoxyglucose and 2-amino-2-N-acetylamino-D-glucose, to low-molecular weight chitosans (LMWC), chito-oligomers (degree of polymerization, 2-6) and monomer. The maximum depolymerization occurred at pH 3.5 and 37 degrees C, and the reaction obeyed Michaelis-Menten kinetics with a Km of 5.21 mg.mL(-1) and Vmax of 138.55 nmoles.min(-1). mg(-1). The molecular mass of the major product, LMWC, varied between 9.0 +/- 0.5 kDa depending on the reaction time. Scanning electron microscopy of LMWC showed an approximately eightfold decrease in particle size and characterization by infrared spectroscopy, circular dichroism, X-ray diffractometry and 13C-NMR revealed them to possess a lower degree of acetylation, hydration and crystallinity compared to chitosan. Chitosanolysis by pronase is an alternative and inexpensive method to produce a variety of chitosan degradation products that have wide and varied biofunctionalities.
Advances and visions in large-scale hydrological modelling: findings from the 11th Workshop on Large-Scale Hydrological Modelling

Large-scale hydrological modelling has become increasingly wide-spread during the last decade. An annual workshop series on large-scale hydrological modelling has provided, since 1997, a forum to the German-speaking community for discussing recent developments and achievements in this research area. In this paper we present the findings from the 2007 workshop which focused on advances and visions in large-scale hydrological modelling. We identify the state of the art, difficulties and research perspectives with respect to the themes "sensitivity of model results", "integrated modelling" and "coupling of processes in hydrosphere, atmosphere and biosphere". Some achievements in large-scale hydrological modelling during the last ten years are presented together with a selection of remaining challenges for the future.
Annotation and Analysis of Emotionally Relevant Behavior in the ISL Meeting Corpus

We present an annotation scheme for emotionally relevant behavior at the speaker contribution level in multiparty conversation. The scheme was applied to a large, publicly available meeting corpus by three annotators, and subsequently labeled with emotional valence. We report inter-labeler agreement statistics for the two schemes, and explore the correlation between speaker valence and behavior, as well as that between speaker valence and the previous speaker's behavior. Our analyses show that the co-occurrence of certain behaviors and valence classes significantly deviates from what is to be expected by chance; in isolated cases, behaviors are predictive of valence.
First-order causal knowledge

Recent advances in normative frameworks for causal reasoning have inspired psychologists to model human causal inference using these normative frameworks. These models are, however, vulnerable to the same criticisms as connectionist and other probabilistic models. A proposed response to these criticisms is the notion of first-order causal rules, which are a simple generalization of dependencies in causal Bayes nets, adding universally quantified logical variables. Psychology adopts normative theories
Evidence that nucleocytoplasmic Olig2 translocation mediates brain‐injury‐induced differentiation of glial precursors to astrocytes

The mechanisms by which neural and glial progenitor cells in the adult brain respond to tissue injury are unknown. We studied the responses of these cells to stab wound injury in rats and in two transgenic mouse models in which Y/GFP is driven either by Sox2 (a neural stem cell marker) or by Tα‐1 (which marks newly born neurons). The response of neural progenitors was low in all nonneurogenic regions, and no neurogenesis occurred at the injury site. Glial progenitors expressing Olig2 and NG2 showed the greatest response. The appearance of these progenitors preceded the appearance of reactive astrocytes. Surprisingly, we found evidence of the translocation of the transcription factor Olig2 into cytoplasm in the first week after injury, a mechanism that is known to mediate the differentiation of astrocytes during brain development. Translocation of Olig2, down‐regulation of NG2, and increased glial fibrillary acidic protein expression were recapitulated in vitro after exposure of glial progenitors to serum components or bone morphogentic protein by up‐regulation of Notch‐1. The glial differentiation and Olig2 translocation could be blocked by inhibition of Notch‐1 with the γ‐secretase inhibitor DAPT. Together, these data indicate that the prompt maturation of numerous Olig2+ glial progenitors to astrocytes underlies the repair process after a traumatic injury. In contrast, neural stem cells and neuronal progenitor cells appear to play only a minor role in the injured adult CNS. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Simultaneous estimation of two slopes from seismic data, applied to signal/noise separation

I present an efficient new approach to simultaneously estimate two slopes from seismic data. I employ a Newton iteration to overcome the problem’s nonlinearity. In spite of my method’s theoretical inability to handle aliased data, it robustly estimates two independent slopes in many circumstances. I apply my method to the problem of signal/noise separation on synthetic and real data examples. The estimated slopes provide approximate inverse signal and noise covariance operators good enough to obtain an excellent separation, with only a limited amount of prior information required. BACKGROUND
Investigating the Control of Chlorophyll Degradation by Genomic Correlation Mining

Chlorophyll degradation is an intricate process that is critical in a variety of plant tissues at different times during the plant life cycle. Many of the photoactive chlorophyll degradation intermediates are exceptionally cytotoxic necessitating that the pathway be carefully coordinated and regulated. The primary regulatory step in the chlorophyll degradation pathway involves the enzyme pheophorbide a oxygenase (PAO), which oxidizes the chlorophyll intermediate pheophorbide a, that is eventually converted to non-fluorescent chlorophyll catabolites. There is evidence that PAO is differentially regulated across different environmental and developmental conditions with both transcriptional and post-transcriptional components, but the involved regulatory elements are uncertain or unknown. We hypothesized that transcription factors modulate PAO expression across different environmental conditions, such as cold and drought, as well as during developmental transitions to leaf senescence and maturation of green seeds. To test these hypotheses, several sets of Arabidopsis genomic and bioinformatic experiments were investigated and re-analyzed using computational approaches. PAO expression was compared across varied environmental conditions in the three separate datasets using regression modeling and correlation mining to identify gene elements co-expressed with PAO. Their functions were investigated as candidate upstream transcription factors or other regulatory elements that may regulate PAO expression. PAO transcript expression was found to be significantly up-regulated in warm conditions, during leaf senescence, and in drought conditions, and in all three conditions significantly positively correlated with expression of transcription factor Arabidopsis thaliana activating factor 1 (ATAF1), suggesting that ATAF1 is triggered in the plant response to these processes or abiotic stresses and in result up-regulates PAO expression. The proposed regulatory network includes the freezing, senescence, and drought stresses modulating factor ATAF1 and various other transcription factors and pathways, which in turn act to regulate chlorophyll degradation by up-regulating PAO expression.
Species-Specific Responses of Insectivorous Bats to Weather Conditions in Central Chile

Simple Summary As climate change intensifies, understanding the impact of environmental factors on bat activity becomes essential for their conservation. This study, centered in central Chile, utilizes data from automatic bat detectors and climatological stations to explore the effects of air temperature and relative humidity on the timing of activity and abundance of five bat species. Temperature exerts influence over the timing of activity and relative abundance, revealing species-specific responses. Relative humidity emerges as a significant factor affecting abundance, with drier nights exhibiting higher bat pass rates. These findings suggest that global warming has the potential to reshape bat behaviors, impacting foraging patterns and activity levels. Further studies are essential to provide deeper insights that can guide effective conservation efforts in the context of climate change. Abstract Insectivorous bats play a crucial role in agroecosystems by providing invaluable pest control services. With the escalating impacts of climate change, a comprehensive understanding of the environmental factors influencing bat activity becomes imperative for their conservation in agricultural landscapes. This study investigates the influence of weather conditions, specifically air temperature and relative humidity, on the timing activity and the relative abundance of five insectivorous bat species in central Chile. Data from automatic bat detectors and climatological stations are utilized for analysis. Our results unveil species-specific behaviors, with Tadarida brasiliensis exhibiting early emergence and extended activity periods compared to other bat species. Histiotus montanus and Lasiurus villosissimus display delayed onsets on more humid evenings, whereas Lasiurus varius and T. brasiliensis initiate activity earlier on colder nights compared to warmer ones. Relative humidity emerges as a key factor influencing relative abundance for all species, with more minutes with bat passes detected on drier nights. These findings suggest that global warming may influence observed bat behaviors, potentially altering foraging patterns and activity levels of these bat species. Moreover, as climate change continues, understanding the long-term impact on bat populations and their adaptive strategies is crucial for effective conservation measures. Further studies exploring these dynamics can provide valuable insights for shaping conservation efforts in the face of evolving environmental challenges.
Persistent Viremia Vaginal Acquisition andmac 251 from SIV T Cell Responses in Protection + and CD 8 + Antibody to the gp 120 V 1 / V 2 Loops and CD 4 Genoveffa

Genoveffa Franchini Barney S. Graham, Douglas R. Lowy, John T. Schiller and M. Xenophontos, David Venzon, Marjorie Robert-Guroff, Montefiori, Michael Piatak, Jr., Jeffrey D. Lifson, Anastasia Nicolas Cuburu, Christopher B. Buck, Guido Ferrari, David Poonam Pegu, Namal P. M. Liyanage, Monica Vaccari, Brandon F. Keele, Egidio Brocca-Cofano, Yongjun Guan, Shari N. Gordon, Melvin N. Doster, Rhonda C. Kines,
Understanding "why" in software process modelling, analysis, and design

In trying to understand and redesign software processes, it is often necessary to have an understanding of the "whys" that underlie the "whats" - the motivations, intents, and rationales behind the activities and input-output flows. This paper presents a model which captures the intentional structure of a software process and its embedding organization, in terms of dependency relationships among actors. Actors depend on each other for goals to be achieved, tasks to be performed, and resources to be furnished. The model is embedded in the conceptual modeling language Telos. We outline some analytical tools to be developed for the model, and illustrate how the model can help in the systematic design of software processes. The examples used are adaptations of the ISPW-6/7 benchmark example. <<ETX>>