Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Influence of different dietary calcium levels on the digestibility of Ca, Mg, and P in captive-born juvenile Galapagos giant tortoises (Geochelone nigra)

Calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P) are very important minerals in reptile nutrition, but many diets still are not balanced. To achieve optimal growth, including a healthy skeleton and a strong shell, a well-balanced supply with these minerals is prerequisite. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the digestibility of diets with different calcium levels, with special emphasis on the digestibility of minerals. Fourteen captive-born juvenile Galapagos giant tortoises of the Zurich and Rotterdam Zoos were used. The animals were housed indoors at a mean temperature of 23°C and 25°C, and at 65% and 60% humidity, respectively. The animals from the same zoo were fed the same diet, which consisted of vegetables, herbs, and a mixture of different Ca sources. Daily mixed fecal samples of all tortoises were collected from day 8 to day 18. A Weender analysis was performed and the HCl-insoluble ash was used as an indigestible indicator (marker) for the determination of the apparent digestibility. The Ca content of the mixed feedstuffs of diet I was 1.43% on a dry matter basis, and the Ca:P ratio in the food was 3.9:1. In diet II, the Ca content was 2.06% on a dry matter basis, and the Ca:P ratio in the food was 4.8:1. Diet III contained 7.33% of Ca on a dry matter basis, and the Ca:P ratio in the food was 6.7:1. The digestibility of Ca in diet I was 42%. The other examined minerals, Mg and P, had a digestibility of 54% and 84%, respectively. In diet II, the digestibility of Ca was 63%, of Mg 76%, and of P 88%, and in diet III the digestibility of Ca was 82%, of Mg 92%, and of P 91%. The results of this study indicated that higher Ca concentrations in the diet led to an increased apparent digestibility of Ca, Mg, and P. The influence of an increased fat and decreased fiber content in diet III concerning digestibility is discussed. Zoo Biol 20:367–374, 2001. © 2001 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Tree ring responses to elevated CO2 and increased N deposition in Picea abies

Four- to seven-year-old spruce trees (Picea abies) were exposed to three CO2 concentrations (280, 420 and 560 cm3 m−3) and three rates of wet N deposition (0, 30 and 90 kg ha−1 year−1) for 3 years in a simulated montane forest climate. Six trees from each of six clones were grown in competition in each of nine 100 × 70 × 36 cm model ecosystems with nutrient-poor natural forest soil. Stem dises were analysed using X-ray densitometry. The radial stem increment was not affected by [CO2] but increased with increasing rates of N deposition. Wood density was increased by [CO2], but decreased by N deposition. Wood-starch concentration increased, and wood nitrogen concentration decreased with increasing [CO2], but neither was affected by N deposition. The lignin concentration in wood was affected by neither [CO2] nor N deposition. Our results suggest that, under natural growth conditions, rising atmospheric [CO2] will not lead to enhanced radial stem growth of spruce, but atmospheric N deposition will, and in some regions is probably already doing so. Elevated [CO2], however, will lead to denser wood unless this effect is compensated by massive atmospheric N deposition. If can be speculated that greater wood density under elevated [CO2] may alter the mechanical properties of wood, and higher ratios of C/N and lignin/N in wood grown at elevated [CO2] may affect nutrient cycles of forest ecosystems.
Hyperspectral Pansharpening Using Deep Prior and Dual Attention Residual Network

Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have recently achieved impressive improvements on hyperspectral (HS) pansharpening. However, most of the CNN-based HS pansharpening approaches would have to first upsample the low-resolution hyperspectral image (LR-HSI) using bicubic interpolation or data-driven training strategy, which inevitably lose some details or greatly rely on the learning process. In addition, most previous methods regard the pansharpening as a black-box problem and treat diverse features equally, thus hindering the discriminative ability of CNNs. To conquer these issues, a novel HS pansharpening method using deep hyperspectral prior (DHP) and dual-attention residual network (DARN) is proposed in this article. Specifically, we first upsample the LR-HSI to the scale of the panchromatic (PAN) image through the DHP algorithm, which can better preserve spatial and spectral information without learning from large data sets. The upsampled result is then concatenated with the PAN image to form the input of the DARN, where several channel-spatial attention residual blocks (CSA ResBlocks) are stacked to map the residual HSI between the reference HSI and the upsampled HSI. In each CSA ResBlock, two complementary attention modules, i.e., channel attention and spatial attention modules, are designed to adaptively learn more informative features of spectral channels and spatial locations simultaneously, which can effectively boost the fusion accuracy. Finally, the fused HSI is obtained by the summation of the upsampled HSI and the reconstructed residual HSI. The experimental results of both simulated and real HS data sets demonstrate that the performance of our DHP-DARN method is superior over the state-of-the-art HS pansharpening approaches.
Fermentation Changes the Nutritive Value, Polyphenol Distribution, and Antioxidant Properties of Parkia biglobosa Seeds (African Locust Beans)

This present study was carried out to investigate the effect of natural fermentation on the nutritive value (proximate composition), polyphenolic distribution, and antioxidant properties of African locust beans (Parkia biglobosai). African locust bean (ALB) seeds were boiled for 12 h, dehulled and subjected to natural solid substrate fermentation without any inoculation for 4 days. The proximate composition of the fermented and unfermented locust bean seeds was subsequently determined. Thereafter, the polyphenol distribution, reducing power, DPPH free-radical scavenging antioxidant activity, and inhibition of lipid peroxidation were determined for soluble free and bound polyphenol extracts. The results of the study revealed that fermentation caused a significant increase (P < 0.05) in the ALB protein content with 18.3% in unfermented and 36% in fermented. The fat content in unfermented was 13.2% versus 26.8% in fermented, while there was no significant changes (P > 0.05) in ash, crude fiber, or moisture content. However, there was a significant decrease (P < 0.05) in the carbohydrate content. The total phenolic content, reducing ability and free-radical scavenging ability were high in both the fermented and unfermented ALB. Fermentation caused a significant increase (P < 0.05) in the free phenolic content of the ALB and a significant decrease (P < 0.05) in the bound phenolic content of ALB. The free-phenolic fraction from both fermented and unfermented ALB had high reducing power, free radical scavenging ability, and inhibition of lipid peroxidation using cow brain tissues. Free phenolic extract from the fermented ALB had a significantly higher (P < 0.05) antioxidant activity than that of unfermented ALB. Results suggest that fermentation will increase the nutritive values, free phenolic and antioxidant activity of the African locust bean, making it a potential functional food in addition to its traditional role of dietary protein source.
The Influence of Transformational Leadership in Organizations: The Mediating Role of Meaningful Work

A leader is a person who has the potential to mobilize individuals who want to struggle for common goals and shared aspirations. Leaders have some key roles in achieving organizational goals. Today, change and transformation occur much faster than in the past. Particularly in parallel with technological innovations, this change is an important factor in making parallel innovations when organizations continue their sustainable competitive advantages. For this reason, the roles of leaders, which are the most important driving forces of the organizations, in this change and transformation are more important than the role models. In this context, this study aims to investigate the effects of organizational citizenship behaviors, unethical organizational behaviors, and the effects of integration on work. In addition, the mediating role of job meaning in the process has been examined. It has been found that current work findings and transformational leaders are influential in work integration and organizational citizenship behaviors
The Relationship Between Public Debt, Budget Deficit, and Sustainable Economic Development in Developing Countries: The Role of Corruption Control

This study investigates the effects of public debt and budget deficits on the sustainable economic development of developing countries, taking into account the role of control of corruption. The two-step GMM method was applied for unbalanced panel data of 59 developing countries from 2004 to 2015. The study found that public debt and the budget deficit had negative effects on sustainable development, while the effect of control of corruption was positive. Moreover, using interaction terms between control of corruption and public debt and budget deficit, respectively, empirical results showed that controlling corruption limited these adverse effects. Thus, if the objective is to achieve sustainable economic development, developing countries should not see raising public debt or maintaining budget deficits as a strategy for economic development. The study contributes empirical evidence to the theory of debt overhang, crowded effects, and institutional theory in the context of developing countries. The implications are also discussed in this paper.
Holding on and letting go: Memory, nostalgia, and effects of virtual possession management practices on post-breakup adjustment

When people end their relationships, they must choose which parts of the relationship to remember and forget as they prepare themselves for future partners. This memory process is complicated by the recordability and permanence of mediated messages because individuals must actively curate their virtual possessions—such as pictures with a previous partner or online relationship statuses. Using the relational dissolution model framework, this study investigated the behaviors people use online to manage the end of their relationships and how these choices may influence the way they adjust to the breakup. College students (N = 234) were surveyed to examine how their keeping and deleting of virtual possessions are related to their post-breakup adjustment. Results suggest that keeping virtual possessions negatively relates to post-breakup adjustment. Participants who were more nostalgic were more likely to keep virtual possessions following a breakup, which mediated the relationship between nostalgia and post-breakup adjustment. The implications show how the persistence of mediated possessions has the potential to affect the breakup process as people struggle to manage their relational memories.
Insular Anurans (Amphibia: Anura) of the coast of Rio de Janeiro, Southeast, Brazil

Herein we present the first lists of anuran species of five islands off the coast of Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil, and updated lists for two other islands (Ilha Grande and Ilha da Marambaia). These lists resulted from thorough searches of the literature and of herpetological collections databases, and from surveys on the islands conducted between March 2009 and January 2011. Currently there are 49 species of anurans distributed in 10 families recorded for these islands and this number accounts for c. 90% of the diversity present in the nearby mainland areas. Although Hylidae represents more than 40% of the species recorded on the islands, Thoropa miliaris (Cycloramphidae) is the only species present on all islands. On the islands there are three endemic species and two species listed as threatened by the IUCN. This study has added seven species to the previous list for Ilha Grande and two species to the list for Ilha da Marambaia.
A drop in the ocean: Monitoring fish communities in spawning areas using environmental DNA

Early life stages of aquatic organisms are particularly vulnerable to climatic stressors; however, they are difficult to monitor due to challenges in sampling and morphological identification. Environmental DNA (eDNA) from water samples represents an op-portunity for rapid, nondestructive monitoring of aquatic community composition as well as single species monitoring. eDNA can also detect spawning events, although has not been yet tested in offshore spawning grounds . Here, we used metabarcoding of water samples to detect the presence of key fish taxa in spawning areas that are difficult to monitor using traditional means. We analyzed DNA from water samples and fish larvae samples at 14 offshore sites, using 12S mitochondrial metabarcoding and compared taxa detections, diversity, and community structure estimated by both sample types. Species richness and diversity did not differ between water and larvae samples. Both sample types detected a core of 12 taxa across the survey, with an average agreement in detections of 75% at sampling site level. Water samples detected two of the three most abundant taxa, the sandeel, Ammodytes marinus, and clupeids, Clupea harengus/Sprattus sprattus , at 31% and 38% more sites than larvae samples respectively, while Callionymus sp. was more prevalent in larvae samples. Mackerel ( Scomber scombrus ) and blue whiting ( Micromestius poutassou ) were only detected in water samples despite sampling taking place at peak spawning times for these species. Our results demonstrate that eDNA metabarcoding provides a rapid and feasible monitoring method for the management of key taxa, such as sandeel, that cannot be easily monitored using traditional capture surveys.
Effect of Seeds Size on Germination of Faba Bean Plant

The study was conducted in Al-Qassim region in February 2020 and the study aimed to know the effect of seed size on germination and some morphological parameters in Faba bean (Vicia faba L.) plant, by dividing the seeds into three sizes large 2.5 - 2.3 cm, medium 2.0 - 2.2 cm, and small 1.7 - 1.9 cm and planting them. The results showed that the germination percentage in the large seeds was the highest (100%), and the size of the seeds affected the length of the root and shoot as the large seeds gave the highest length for root (8.37 cm) and shoot (14.2 cm) compared to the medium and small seeds. So, for these results, the seed size is closely related to root and shoot length, number of leaves.
Transeriptional regulation and apoptosis induction by TCF/β‐catenin complex in various t‐cells

The Tcf‐1 (T‐cell factor‐1) protein binds to the T‐cell specific enhancer sequences and plays an architectural role in the assembly of transe riptio nal machinery. One of the Tcf family proteins, Tcf‐4, was found to be an important regulator for colon cancer development where it activates specific genes upon binding to β‐catenin following Wnt signaling. We were interested in the transe riptio nal regulatory activities of Tcf‐1 and Tcf‐4 proteins in T‐cells and colon cancer cells. Trans activation assay was developed using a reporter plasmid containing luciferase gene under the control of Tcf responsive elements. Luciferase activity was determined following co‐transfection of the reporter along with Tcf‐1 and/or β‐catenin expressing plasmids. Transcription was significantly induced by β‐catenin expression in all cells. Tcf‐1 by itself did not induce transcription in the mature T‐cell lines, but overexpressed Tcf‐1 greatly activated transcription in the immature T‐cell line. In addition, transfected β‐catenin induced apoptosis, but co‐transfected Tcf‐1 suppressed apoptosis in HEK293 cells. These results suggest that Tcf‐1 and β‐catenin differently regulate transcription and apoptosis.
Condutividade elétrica e teor de água inicial das sementes de soja

The initial seed water content can influence significantly the electrical conductivity results, and can make difficult the test standardization. The present work was carried out in order to study the effect of initial seed water content on the electrical conductivity results and to determine an equation to correct this influence. Six soybean cultivars were used, for two years, each cultivar having lots with high, medium and low seed vigor. Seed water content of each lot was adjusted to 7, 9, 11, 13, 15 and 17% before electrical conductivity test was run. The equation to correct the electrical conductivity values was calculated based on regression, including the two years data. The initial seed water content proved to be of high influence on the electrical conductivity interpretation and the equation is efficient to eliminate the effect of initial seed water content on the electrical conductivity data.
A MIMO Version of the Reed-Yu Detector and Its Connection to the Wilks Lambda and Hotelling $T^2$ Statistics

In this paper we study the problem of detecting a known signal transmitted over a MIMO channel of unknown complex gains and additive noise of unknown covariance. The problem arises in many contexts, including transmit-receiver synchronization. We derive the exact probability distribution for a generalized likelihood ratio (GLR) statistic, and establish the connection between this statistic and the Wilks Lambda and Hotelling $T^2$ statistics. We give alternatives to the GLR statistic, which include the Bartlett-Nanda-Pillai trace, the Lawley-Hotelling trace, and the Roy maximum eigenvalue statistics, each of which is favored under special conditions on the actual MIMO channel. For example, if the channel is an incoherent scattering channel, then the competition for greatest power is among the Bartlett-Nanda-Pillai, Lawley-Hotelling, and GLR statistics. If it is a coherent channel that supports a propagating wave, then Roy's test is more powerful. We discuss the null distribution theory of the GLR at length to show how it may be used to accurately predict false alarm probabilities.
The Long-term Effect of a Paralympic Sports Class on Korean High School Students’ Attitudes towards Peers with Disabilities and Perceptions of Their Human Rights

ABSTRACT Purpose: Negative attitudes towards peers with disabilities can lead to undesirable behaviour and reduced social participation of students with disabilities. The present study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of a Paralympic sports class on the attitudes towards peers with disabilities and perceptions of human rights of Korean high school students without disabilities. Method: Participants were 168 freshmen high school students without disabilities. Participants were randomly divided into two groups. The intervention group participated in a Paralympic sports class and the control group in a general physical education class. The Attitude towards Peer with Disabilities Scale (APDS) and Human Rights Sensitivity Scale (HRSS) were measured three times – pre-intervention, post-intervention, and after a 9-month follow-up period. Results: APDS and HRSS scores significantly increased following intervention and maintained after 12 months. No changes were observed in the control group. Conclusions: The attitudes of high school students towards peers with disabilities and their human rights sensitivity improved and this improvement was maintained for 9 month s after completing a Paralympic sports class. Such classes could provide benefits for the psychosocial development of high school students without disabilities.
Family environment and emotional quotient in primary school 3rd grade students

In this research, Emotional Quotient (EQ) levels of 3rd grade primary school students are investigated with respect to a number of psycho-social variables. The EQ level is examined according to the income status of the family, education level and professions of parents and etc. Whether its environment makes a significant difference on eq when these variables are limited is examined. Target population of the study consists of 3rd grade primary school students who are registered to five middle socio-economic status schools in the city center and two townships’ schools in the countryside within Izmir city borders in the 2015-2016 academic term. Sample group consists of randomly selected 167 students who are 3rd graders studying in the same classes in mentioned schools. Research is designed in relational screening model. In this research, personal information form and EQ scale for children both developed by researcher are used as data collection tools. For the statistical analysis of the collected data, independent samples t test, one-way analysis of variance, Kruskal Wallis, Mann Whitney U tests are used. According to the search results, EQ levels of 3rd grade students vary significantly with respect to family income, mother’s and father’s profession, mother’s and father’s educational level, household size and preschool experience. There are significant differences according to family income levels, mothers' professions and education levels, fathers' professions and education levels, the number of members of the students' families and whether students continue their pre-school education. The results are discussed on the basis of the literature and suggestions are presented. Key words: Emotional intelligence; student; family; primary school; environment;
Comparative analysis of the karyotype sensitivities of Apodemus flavicollis and laboratory mice to DNA‐damaging agents

This investigation presents data concerning karyotypic sensitivities of Apodemus flavicollis to the impact of some compounds with proven clastogenic effect – the alkylating agent Cyclophosphamide (CP) and the antitumor antibiotic Mitomycin C. Twenty‐three A. flavicollis collected from natural populations and treated under laboratory conditions were used to analyse chromosomal aberrations. On air‐dried Giemsa's stained slides of bone marrow cells the frequencies of chromatid breaks, fragments, centromeric fusions and pericentric inversions were scored. Fourteen laboratory ICR mice were used for comparison to the native species. It was established that the applied dose CP, 40mg/kg, provokes 9.46% chromosome aberrations in A. flavicollis whereas in the ICR mice it is 21.6%. Similar results were obtained in the group of A. flavicollis treated with 2.5mg/kg Mitomycin C, 10.78% metaphases with chromosome aberrations, and 30.5% in ICR mice, respectively. This study demonstrates that the native species A. flavicollis has considerably higher karyotype stability than laboratory mice following exposure to the specific damaging agents used in this study. These findings have important implications for the use of A. flavicollis in ecotoxicological studies.