Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A review of the 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19) based on current evidence

Coronavirus (COVID-19) is an enveloped RNA virus that is diversely found in humans and wild life. A total of six species have been identified to cause disease in humans. They are known to infect the neurological, respiratory, enteric, and hepatic systems. The past few decades have seen endemic outbreaks in the form of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Related Coronavirus (SARS-CoV). Yet again, we see the emergence of another outbreak due to a new strain called the SARS-CoV-2 virus. The most recent outbreak initially presented as pneumonia of unknown etiology in a cluster of patients in Wuhan, China. The epicenter of infection was linked to seafood and exotic animal wholesale markets in the city. SARS-CoV-2 is highly contagious and has resulted in a rapid pandemic of COVID-19. As the number of cases continues to rise, it is clear that these viruses pose a threat to public health. This review will introduce a general overview of coronavirus and describe the clinical features, evaluation, and treatment of COVID-19 patients. It will also provide a means to raise awareness among primary and secondary healthcare providers during the current pandemic. Furthermore, our review focuses on the most up-to-date clinical information for the effective management, prevention, and counseling of patients worldwide.
Interthalline Variability in Levels of Lichen Products within Stands of Cladina stellaris

High performance liquid chromatography was used to assess the levels of secondary products extractable from thalli in each offour stands of Cladina stellaris (Opiz) Brodo. In each location there were highly significant differences among thalli with respect to perlatolic acid and usnic acid. Homogeneous subsets of thalli within each stand were identified by the use of Duncan's New Multiple Range Test. Since the coefficients of variation were no lower in sites where environmental conditions were apparently uniform than they were in obviously variable sites, it is suspected that the observed intrastand variability in lichen chemistry was a reflection of innate differences among thalli. In three of the four sites there was no indication of a correlation between the levels of usnic and perlatolic acids. Are lichen thalli throughout a single site basically uniform or are there innate differences among thalli? This question is of importance to both systematic or ecological studies, especially when more material may be required for one sample than is available in a single, discrete thallus. For example, some investigations may necessitate the exclusive use of young or actively growing tissue; for analysis of some enzymes, it may be necessary to have samples as large as 450 mg. It is unclear whether or not samples constituted by combining thalli collected even within the same stand would be homogeneous. This would depend to some extent upon the mechanisms of reproduction and dispersal. Although one stand of a given lichen species usually displays little variability in terms of the array of secondary polyphenolics, thin-layer chromatogr phy (TLC) indicates that quantities of compounds may vary significantly from one thallus to another (Fahselt 1979, 1981). More accurate and efficient quantification can be provided by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) where because ofautomation many samples can be processed relatively quickly. The use of HPLC methods for lichen products was pioneered by C. F. Culberson (1972a) and subsequently used to advantage in various studies (e.g. W. L. Culberson & C. F. Culberson 1978; C. F. Culberson, Nash & Johnson 1979; C. F. Culberson & Ahmadjian 1980). The objective in the present paper was to use 007-2745/84/50-56$0.85/0 This content downloaded from 157.55. 39.72 on Thu, 15 Sep 2016 06:03:58 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor. org/terms 1984] FAHSELT: INTERTHALLINE VARIABILITY IN CLADINA STELLARIS 51
Tramadol/Acetaminophen Combination Tablets in Cancer Patients with Chemotherapy-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy: A Single-Arm Phase II Study

Background: Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) is a frequent complication in patients receiving anticancer chemotherapy, but no effective treatment is yet available. Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of a tramadol/acetaminophen combination tablets for CIPN. Design: This is a single-arm phase II study of tramadol/acetaminophen. Setting/subjects: Eligible patients had received oxaliplatin, paclitaxel, or nab-paclitaxel, and were experiencing CIPN. The patients were given one tablet (37.5 mg tramadol plus 325 mg acetaminophen) twice a day for 7 days, then four times a day for 21 days. Measurements: The primary endpoint was the numerical rating scale of neuropathic pain. Other endpoints included the potential of CYP2D6 genetic variants to effective response or toxicity. Results: Of the 34 patients enrolled, 23 completed the protocol treatment. The mean neuropathic pain score decreased insignificantly from 5.53 at baseline to 5.00 at 28 days (95% confidence interval −0.21 to 1.43; p = 0.139). However, 13 of the 23 (56.5%) patients who completed the protocol treatment showed improvement of the neuropathic pain score by at least 1 point. No severe adverse events were observed. Tramadol/acetaminophen may be more effective in patients with the intermediate metabolizer phenotype of the CYP2D6 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) although at the cost of increased toxicity. Conclusions: Although tramadol/acetaminophen tablets did not reduce neuropathic pain to a statistically significant degree, the neuropathic pain severity reduced in more than a half of the patients.
Performance of deep neural network-based artificial intelligence method in diabetic retinopathy screening: a systematic review and meta-analysis of diagnostic test accuracy.

Objective Automatic diabetic retinopathy screening system based on neural networks has been used to detect diabetic retinopathy (DR). However, there is no quantitative synthesis of performance of these methods. We aimed to estimate the sensitivity and specificity of neural networks in DR grading. Methods Medline, Embase, IEEE Xplore, and Cochrane Library were searched up to 23 July 2019. Studies that evaluated performance of neural networks in detection of moderate or worse DR or diabetic macular edema using retinal fundus images with ophthalmologists' judgment as reference standard were included. Two reviewers extracted data independently. Risk of bias of eligible studies was assessed using QUDAS-2 tool. Results Twenty-four studies involving 235 235 subjects were included. Quantitative random-effects meta-analysis using the Rutter and Gatsonis hierarchical summary receiver operating characteristics (HSROC) model revealed a pooled sensitivity of 91.9% (95% CI: 89.6% to 94.3%) and specificity of 91.3% (95% CI: 89.0% to 93.5%). Subgroup analyses and meta-regression did not provide any statistically significant findings for the heterogeneous diagnostic accuracy in studies with different image resolutions, sample sizes of training sets, architecture of convolutional neural networks, or diagnostic criteria. Conclusions State-of-the-art neural networks could effectively detect clinical significant DR. To further improve diagnostic accuracy of neural networks, researchers might need to develop new algorithms rather than simply enlarge sample sizes of training sets or optimize image quality.
Additional records on the occurrence of alien fish species in the eastern Mediterranean Sea

Recent records on the occurrence of the species Etrumeus teres, Siganus rivulatus, Stephanolepis diaspros, Sphoeroides pachygaster, Lagocephalus sceleratus, Fistularia commersonii and Siganus luridus are presented for the Aegean, Cretan and Libyan Seas and the new record of Upeneus moluccensis in the Cretan Sea is reported.
Development of the protonema and bud formation in mosses

SUMMARY In the course of their development the protonemata of Funaria hygrometrica produce two different substances which diffuse into the substrate. In the chloronema a thermo-labile growth-promoting substance is formed. In the caulonema, after about 10 days, a substance is produced which is thermostable and soluble in amyl alcohol, which can be dialysed, and which functions as a growth inhibitor. Both substances also influence bud formation. This is at an optimum only when there is a certain balance between these two substances. This promotion is fundamentally different from that brought about by treatment with kinetin, because kinetin can function only as an additional factor in promoting bud formation. Very probably it acts as an agent which creates centres of attraction toward which morphogenetic substances are drawn. This assumption is supported by the fact that kinetin cannot be transported and therefore has no ‘after-effect’. It probably functions only in the caulonema cell it penetrates. It converts every caulonema cell into a ‘reaction cell’.
Spatial and temporal variation in fruit and fruit-eating birds in the Taita Hills, south-east Kenya

We studied the spatial and temporal variation in fruit abundance and frugivorous bird densities in a large-sized (135ha), a medium-sized (95ha) and five small-sized (each 2–8ha) forest fragments in the Taita Hills, Kenya. The large and medium patches were respectively divided into six and three plots, while the small patches were each treated as a single plot. A pilot analysis established that the plots were sufficiently independent. Three separate census-rounds were conducted in all plots. We found significant variation in fruit density amongst the three fragment-size categories, but no significant temporal variation. Five 'common frugivores' provided sufficient data for detailed analyses. Spatially, we found significant variation in their densities, but no significant temporal variation. Overall, frugivore numbers did not appear to track fruit supplies across different fragments over time. These findings suggest that the distribution and movements of birds were most likely related to, and/or limited by, other factors such as nesting needs and fragmentation effects rather than fruit. The absence of long-distance resource tracking suggests a lack of long-distance dispersal, which implies (along with obvious ramifications for gene flow) minimal chances for recolonisation following local extinctions for tree species that depend on these birds for seed dispersal.
Utilization of Carbohydrates by Rhynchosporium secalis. I. Growth and Sporulation on Glucose, Galactose, and Galacturonic acid

The fungus Rhynchosporium secalis (Oud.) Davis grew and speculated in liquid nutrient media that contained glucose, galactose or galacturonic acid, or a pair of those substances, as the sole carbon source. Sporulation was inhibited by high concentrations of glucose and galacturonic acid. Growth and sporulation were greatest on glucose, and least on galactose. Growth was increased when glucose and galacturonic acid were mixed. Nitrogen concentration affected sporulation but not growth.
E-Learning Adoption and Acceptance in Pakistan: Moderating Effect of Gender and Experience

With the rapid growth of ICT (Information and Communication Technologies), the traditional educational system has been restructured into e-learning systems. E-learning adoption and acceptance is in rudimentary stages of development in Pakistan. Therefore, it is imperative to understand and evaluate the critical factors of technology adoption and acceptance considering the moderating effect of individual differences (gender and experience) based on Technology Acceptance Model. Quantitative analysis was conducted on 356 learners from the Virtual University of Pakistan. Structural Equation Modelling was used to test research models. The results illustrate that the perception of and intention to adopt technology are highly dependent on gender and experience in using e-learning systems. Computer anxiety and social influence are significant predictors of elearning adoption in female learners whereas social influence and enjoyment is significant predictors in less experienced learners than more experienced learners.
A prospective study on role of hydraulic distension along with steroid under local anaesthesia in the management of frozen shoulder

Introduction: Frozen shoulder” is a chronic condition characterized by gradually progressive, painful restriction of all shoulder joint movement, with slow spontaneous recovery of either partial or complete movement over a period of time. Although many treatment options have been proposed for the frozen shoulder syndrome, each has limitations. Hydro dilation technique was developed in order to loosen the reported contraction and adhesion. we evaluated the Range of movement and pain relief of shoulder following “Hydraulic distension under local anaesthesia along with a steroid” pre and post distension. Material and methods: A prospective observational study was conducted in the department of orthopaedics at RLJ hospital attached to Sri Devaraj Urs Medical College between June 2018 to November 2019 for a period of 1.5 year. All the Patients with Peri arthritis shoulder and age above 30 years were included in the study. After obtaining the informed consent from the patients, Demographic data, History, Clinical Examination and details of investigations were recorded in study proforma. The pain and functional scoring used as per “The society of American Shoulder and elbow surgeons” and follow-up was done at 3 weeks, 6 weeks and 12 weeks after procedure. IBM SPSS version 22 was used for statistical analysis. Results: Total 50 patients were included in the study. The average age of the study population was 52.68 ± 9.79. There were no patients with complete disability. Marked pain (grade 1) was observed on presentation in 46(92%) of the subjects. Post distension only 9(18%) had pain. Flexion, abduction, internal rotation, external rotation movements of the shoulder have improved post distention and were statistically significant at 3, 6, 12 th week. The mean ASES was 36.04 ± 5.84 at base line, it was 67.6 ± 7.64 at 6 week and 91.04 ± 8.68 at 12 week. The differences in the ASES score at 6 week and 12 week follow up period with baseline value were statistically significant (P value <0.001). Conclusion: Hydraulic distension is a safe, reliable, cost effective modality in treating the chronically distressing painful condition of frozen shoulder.
Protein, energetic, enzymatic and mineral profile of Nellore cows during the pregnancy, parturition and postpartum

The aim of this study was to evaluate the protein energetic, enzymatic and mineral profile of Nellore cows during the pregnancy, parturition and postpartum. Fifteen multiparous cows with 4 ± 1 years of age and live weight of 400 ± 50 kg were used at different stages (non-pregnant, in the initial, middle and late pregnancy, at birth, one day postpartum, 30 and 60 days postpartum). Blood collections were performed every 30 days and assayed for the following blood biomarkers: Protein (total proteins, albumin, urea and creatinine), energetic (cholesterol, triglycerides, glucose and beta hydroxybutyrate), mineral (calcium, phosphorus, magnesium) and enzymatic (alkaline phosphatase and aspartate aminotransferase). Calcium had the lowest concentrations (p < 0.05) in the initial pregnancy, while phosphorus had the highest concentration at parturition (p < 0.05). Triglycerides, glucose and beta hydroxybutyrate were influenced by the stages of pregnancy, reducing in the late pregnancy and at parturition. Glucose had a reduction in the late pregnancy and elevation in the postpartum. Beta hydroxybutyrate showed increase at the late pregnancy. Although lipomobilization occurred in the phases of higher metabolic demands in the attempt to maintain homeostatic conditions. Nellore cows did not present negative energy balance in the late pregnancy period, maintaining normal variation in blood markers throughout the experimental period.
Improving employees’ performance through internal marketing and organizational learning: Mediating role of organizational innovation in an emerging market

Abstract This study identifies a specific relationship between internal marketing and organizational learning as the key drivers of organizational innovation, which build employees performance in the context of the petroleum industry. A model of the antecedents of organizational innovation was examined in a survey conducted among managers and employed specialists working in the oil industry in Iran. Structural equation modelling via Smart PLS was employed to gain insight into the various influences and relationships. We empirically scrutinized relationships between these constructs by validating a conceptual model employing SEM. The results indicate that internal marketing and organizational learning are key drivers of organizational innovation, which they are build employees performance. As well as, the results clarify that it is possible to improve the level of employee performance even through the complementary partial mediating role of organizational innovation. Additionally, this study makes a managerial contribution to the understanding of internal marketing, organizational learning and innovation on employee performance.
Inclusion of barley fibre and barley protein in a total mixed ration for growing dairy bulls

Abstract A 2×2 factorial design with 32 dairy bulls was used to study the effects of partial replacement of a starchy concentrate with a fibrous concentrate and replacement of rapeseed meal with barley protein as protein supplement on performance of bulls with ad libitum access to a total mixed ration feeding. The two energy supplements were flattened barley (B) and a mixture (1:1 on dry matter (DM) basis) of flattened barley and barley fibre (BF). These were fed with either rapeseed meal or barley protein so that the crude protein content of rations was 162 g kg−1 DM. Replacing half of the barley grain with barley fibre increased (P<0.01) the average DM intake (9.3 kg d−1 versus 9.9 kg d−1), but had no effect on the average live weight gain (1.27 kg d−1). There seemed to be only a minor difference between rapeseed meal and barley protein as protein supplements on animal performance.
The future of Northern Ireland: border anxieties and support for Irish reunification under varieties of UKexit

ABSTRACT The paper assesses public attitudes in Northern Ireland towards the potential hardening of the border between Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland as a result of the UK’s exit from the European Union. It investigates the relationship between border-related anxieties and support for a United Ireland. The study draws on specially designed qualitative and quantitative data, generated from a one-day citizens’ assembly and a representative attitude survey. It identifies a group of conditional Catholics who support Irish unity, but only under ‘hard exit’ conditions.
The Initial Phase of Encapsulation of Silicone Oil Injected in Samia cynthia ricini (Lepidoptera, Saturniidae): The Innermost Structure of the Developing Capsule

Abstract When 10 μl of silicone oil was injected into the hemocoel of a 5-day-old 5th-instar larva of Samia cynthia ricini, the globular oil was encapsulated by hemocytes. The initial process of encapsulation was examined with scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Within 2 min after injection, granulocytes attached to the oil surface, and a thin membrane of amorphous substance occurred around the granulocytes. The cells immediately discharged numerous granules. A reticular network appeared around the degranulated cells, resulting in the formation of the innermost layer of the developing capsule. Compaction of capsule-forming hemocytes occurred after completion of the innermost layer of the developing capsule. These results suggest that a localized coagulation of hemolymph on the oil surface, which resembles ordinary hemolymph coagulation, constitutes the initial phase of encapsulation.
Seasonal elimination of some size classes in males of Glossina morsitans morsitans Westw. (Diptera, Glossinidae)

Sizes of young field-collected males of Glossina morsitans morsitans Westw. were compared with those of teneral males emerging in the laboratory from field-collected puparia. Based on the mean size, indications were that smaller flies in field populations were selected against for about seven months in the year. A method is described for estimating the proportion of flies lost in the field population, and for the calculation of standard deviations for the estimates. Estimates of the extent of elimination showed that up to 35·2% of the total fly population in the field was eliminated in the cool months and up to 75·5% in the hot dry months.
Maximal normal subgroups of the automorphism groups of free nilpotent groups

We prove that the subgroup of all IA-automorphisms of the automorphism group Aut(N) of a free nilpotent group N of infinite rank is normality-small. As a consequence, every maximal normal subgroup of the group Aut(N) is a lifting of a maximal normal subgroup of the automorphism group Aut(A) of the abelianization A = N/[N,N ] of N.
Distribution of the Nurse Shark, Ginglymostoma Cirratum, in the Northern Gulf of Mexico

The distribution of nurse sharks, Ginglymostoma cirratum (Bonaterre, 1778), in the northern Gulf of Mexico was examined using fisheries-independent bottom longline data collected from 1995 to 2009. Results indicate that nurse sharks are most abundant in the eastern Gulf of Mexico and their occurrence is relatively rare west of the Mississippi River Delta. While the eastern Gulf of Mexico had significantly different abiotic characteristics than the central and western regions, it is hypothesized that nurse shark distribution in the Gulf of Mexico is most associated with hard bottom substrate. Most nurse sharks were captured in groups of two or more individuals, indicating this species frequently aggregates. Nurse sharks in the region likely aggregate in response to prey availability, rather than for predator avoidance or mating purposes.
Coping Strategies of Women Following the Diagnosis of Infertility in Their Spouses: A Qualitative Study

Background: Infertility affects women more profoundly than men, even when the male partner is the cause of infertility. Therefore, identifying the coping strategies of women in confrontation with their husbands' infertility is very important. Aim: This study aimed to explore women’s coping strategies following the diagnosis of infertility in their husbands. Method: This qualitative study was performed on 18 women whose husbands were diagnosed with infertility. The subjects were selected from those who referred to Milad Fertility Clinic and public health centers in Mashhad, Iran, through purposive sampling within 2014-2016. The data were collected by conducting semi-structured interviews. Data analysis was manually carried out using conventional content analysis. Results: The main theme emerged from the content analysis was the attempts to overcome the threat, including two categories, namely emotional coping and active coping. Emotional coping included strategies like attributing infertility to herself and others, selective disclosure, religious coping, seeking emotional support, as well as being considerate and offering verbal support to the spouse. active coping consisted of strategies namely attempting to verify the diagnosis, accepting infertility, searching for information, adhering to medical and surgical treatments, trying fertility superstitions, using alternative medicine, and changing lifestyle. Implications for Practice: Women may use a diverse set of coping strategies to adapt to their husbands’ infertility. A deep perception of these strategies is critical for controlling and managing the consequences of this diagnosis, designing interventions to strengthen preferred actions and strategies, as well as facilitating women’s coping with the infertility crisis of their spouses.