Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Time Series of Solar Granulation Images. I. Differences between Small and Large Granules in Quiet Regions

A 90 minute time series of high spatial resolution white-light images of solar granulation, obtained at the Swedish Vacuum Solar Tower (Observatorio del Roque de los Muchachos, La Palma), was analyzed to study how the physical properties of the granules changed with size. The observational material was corrected for global motions and for the instrumental profile, and a subsonic filter was applied. A definition of granular border was adopted using the inflection points of the intensity of the images, and the granular cells were defined as areas including, in addition to the granules, one-half of their surrounding intergranular lanes. Using time series to investigate the average behavior of solar granulation has three strong advantages: the first is the possibility of removing the acoustic waves; second, the possibility of estimating the effect of the variability of seeing on our results; and, third, the opportunity to attain high statistical significance in the analysis as a result of the large number of extracted granules (61,138). It is shown that the granules of the sample can be classified according to their mean and maximum intensities and their fractal dimension into two regimes, with diameters smaller than and larger than 1. ″4, respectively. A broad transition region in which both regimes coexist was found. The resolved internal brightness structure of both the granules and the intergranular lanes shows a linear increase of the number of substructures with the granular and intergranular areas. The diameters of these substructures range between our effective resolution limit (~0.″3) and ~1. ″5, with preferential sizes at 0. ″65 and 0. ″55, respectively. Moreover, it seems that large and small granules are unevenly distributed with respect to the large-scale vertical flows. Thus smaller granules are more concentrated along downdrafts whereas larger ones preferentially occupy the updrafts. Finally, a physical scenario compatible with the existence of these two granular populations is discussed.
Quality factor of Bi(2223) high-temperature superconductor tape coils at radio frequency

Bi(2223) high-temperature superconductor (HTS) tapes have been chosen for radio-frequency (rf) coils in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) applications recently. This is because they are easier to fabricate and adjust, and have lower costs compared to HTS films. We study the quality factor (Q) of Bi(2223) HTS rf coils in the rf range. Several rf coils with different sizes and resonant frequencies have been fabricated and the values of Q measured at 77 K. A theoretical model is developed to investigate the relationship of Q with coil size, solder joint and resonant frequency. The model shows that Q increases with larger size and higher frequency. The value of Q of a five-inch HTS tape coil is about six times higher than a copper coil with the same size, and is expected to have 2.5 times signal-to-noise ratio improvement in MRI.
PERIODIC TRAVELING WAVES OF A MEAN CURVATURE FLOW IN HETEROGENEOUS MEDIA

We consider a curvature flow in heterogeneous media in the plane: $ V= a(x,y) \kappa + b$, where for a plane curve, $V$ denotes its normal velocity, $\kappa$ denotes its curvature, $b$ is a constant and $a(x,y)$ is a positive function, periodic in $y$. We study periodic traveling waves which travel in $y$-direction with given average speed $c \geq 0$. Four different types of traveling waves are given, whose profiles are straight lines, ''V"-like curves, cup-like curves and cap-like curves, respectively. We also show that, as $(b,c)\rightarrow (0,0)$, the profiles of the traveling waves converge to straight lines. These results are connected with spatially heterogeneous version of Bernshteĭn's Problem and De Giorgi's Conjecture, which are proposed at last.
Chrono-Nutrition: Circadian Rhythm and Personalized Nutrition

The human circadian system has a period of approximately 24 h and studies on the consequences of “chornodisruption” have greatly expanded. Lifestyle and environmental factors of modern societies (i.e., artificial lighting, jetlag, shift work, and around-the-clock access to energy-dense food) can induce disruptions of the circadian system and thereby adversely affect individual health. Growing evidence demonstrates a complex reciprocal relationship between metabolism and the circadian system, in which perturbations in one system affect the other one. From a nutritional genomics perspective, genetic variants in clock genes can both influence metabolic health and modify the individual response to diet. Moreover, an interplay between the circadian rhythm, gut microbiome, and epigenome has been demonstrated, with the diet in turn able to modulate this complex link suggesting a remarkable plasticity of the underlying mechanisms. In this view, the study of the impact of the timing of eating by matching elements from nutritional research with chrono-biology, that is, chrono-nutrition, could have significant implications for personalized nutrition in terms of reducing the prevalence and burden of chronic diseases. This review provides an overview of the current evidence on the interactions between the circadian system and nutrition, highlighting how this link could in turn influence the epigenome and microbiome. In addition, possible nutritional strategies to manage circadian-aligned feeding are suggested.
An application of a multiindex, time-fractional differential equation to evaluate heterogeneous, fractured rocks

A multiindex, distributed fractional differential equation is derived and solved in terms of the Laplace transformation. Potential applications of the proposed model include the study of fluid flow in heterogeneous rocks, the examination of bimodal fluid exchange between mobile-immobile regions in groundwater systems, the incorporation of the existence of liesegang bands in fractured rocks, and addressing the influences of faulted and other skin regions at interfaces, among others. Asymptotic solutions that reveal the structure of the resulting solutions are presented; in addition, they provide for ensuring the accuracy of the numerical computations. Fractional flux laws based on Continuous Time Random Walks (CTRW) serve as a linchpin to account for complex geological considerations that arise in the flow of fluids in heterogeneous rocks. Results are intended to be applied at the Theis scale when combined with geological/geophysical models and production statistics to all aspects of subsurface flow: production of geothermal and hydrocarbon fluids, injection of fluids into aquifers, geologic sequestration and hazardous waste disposal. Results may be extended to study the role of complex wellbores such as horizontal and fractured wells and more complex geological considerations such as faulted systems.
Radiation and scattering from large polygonal cylinders, transverse electric fields

The computation of radiation and scattering of electromagnetic fields by electrically large convex conducting cylinders, using the geometrical theory of diffraction (GTD) is considered. A general computer program has been developed for the transverse electric case. Illustrative computations are made for examples of radiation from a line source of magnetic current in the vicinity of a polygonal cylinder, scattering of plane waves, radiation from slots, and radiation from electric dipoles. Also given are examples of computations for conducting strips, grazing incidence on polygonal cylinders, and scattering from small cylinders. The computational accuracy is checked by comparing the results to corresponding ones computed by a moment solution to the H -field integral equation.
Analysis of Adiabatic Dipolar Oscillations of Stars

We theoretically discuss adiabatic dipolar oscillations of stars, fully taking into account the variation in the gravitational field. By suitably choosing the dependent variables, and using the first integral specific to dipolar oscillations, we derive the second-order system of ordinary differential equations, which is the same in form as that obtained by neglecting the Eulerian perturbation to the gravitational potential. The derived system suggests that the conventional expressions of the critical frequencies should be corrected. In addition, we present a rigorous scheme to classify the dipolar eigenmodes of linear adiabatic oscillations of spherically symmetric stars.
Leveraging Compiler-Based Translation to Evaluate a Diversity of Exascale Platforms

Accelerator-based heterogeneous computing is the de facto standard in current and upcoming exascale machines. These heterogeneous resources empower computational scientists to select a machine or platform well-suited to their domain or applications. However, this diversity of machines also poses challenges related to programming model selection: inconsistent availability of programming models across different exascale systems, lack of performance portability for those programming models that do span several systems, and inconsistent performance between different models on a single platform. We explore these challenges on exascale-similar hardware, including AMD MI100 and NVIDIA A100 GPUs. By extending the sourceto-source compiler OpenARC, we demonstrate the power of automated translation of applications written in a single frontend programming model (OpenACC) into a variety of backend models (OpenMP, OpenCL, CUDA, HIP) that span the upcoming exascale environments. This translation enables us to compare performance within and across devices and to analyze programming model behavior with profiling tools.
Social Determinants and Prevalence of Antenatal Depression among Women in Rural Bangladesh: A Cross-Sectional Study

The prevalence of antenatal depression in Bangladesh ranges from 18 to 33%. Antenatal depression has negative impacts on the mother and child such as suicidal ideations, low birth weight, and impaired fetal development. This cross-sectional study aims to determine the prevalence and social determinants of antenatal depression in rural Sylhet, Bangladesh. Data were collected from 235 pregnant women between March and November 2021. The validated Bangla Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale was used to measure antenatal depressive symptoms (ADS). Background information was collected using a structured questionnaire including the Duke Social Support and Stress Scale, pregnancy choices, and WHO Intimate Partner Violence questions. Point-prevalence of antenatal depression was 56%. Intimate partner violence (IPV) before pregnancy (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) 10.4 [95% confidence interval (CI) 2.7–39.7]) and perceived husband’s male gender preference (AOR 9.9 [95% CI 1.6–59.6]) were significantly associated with increased odds of ADS among pregnant women. Increased family support was a significant protective factor for ADS (AOR 0.94 [95% CI 0.91–0.97]). Antenatal depression commonly occurs in rural Sylhet, Bangladesh, highlighting the need for improved screening and management within these settings. The findings suggest the need for community-based interventions for women with low family support and experiencing intimate partner violence, and educational programs and gender policies to tackle gender inequalities.
A Model Predicting the Evolution of Ice Particle Size Spectra and Radiative Properties of Cirrus Clouds. Part I: Microphysics.

Abstract A Lagrangian time-dependent three-dimensional model was developed that predicts the evolution of ice particle size spectra in cirrus clouds in terms of the growth processes of vapor diffusion and aggregation, as well as the cloud updraft profile. This was done by deriving moment conservation equations from a form of the ice particle number density equation, and parameterizing the moment conservation equations. Size distributions were parameterized by the form N(D) = N0Dv exp(−λD), where λ and N0 are functions of the growth processes. Growth by diffusion and aggregation were formulated to depend on the percentages of spatial and columnar crystal habits at a given level in the cloud. Two cirrus cloud field studies were simulated by the model, where the model was run in the one-dimensional, height-dependent mode that assumes steady-state, horizontally homogeneous ice water contents. Predicted and observed ice particle size spectra compared favorably. This implied that ice particles at lower levels e.
Relative Effects of Ionizing Radiation and Winds from O‐Type Stars on the Structure and Dynamics of H ii Regions

The structure and dynamics of H ii regions (and some planetary nebulae) are affected not only by radiative heating via photoionization but also by winds from the embedded O‐type stars. When a fast wind (v≥108 cm s−1) turns on, a hot (T≫104 K) bubble heated by the wind expands into the warm (T≃104 K) surrounding nebula which is heated and mechanically driven by photoionization. The bubble and a shell of swept‐up, i.e., shocked, nebular gas evolve under the influence of mechanical effects and radiative cooling. Previous calculations of wind effects make no direct comparison of the dynamical effects of the heating through photoionization. In addition, most previous calculations deal with particular combinations of wind strength and interstellar gas density. Here, we derive simple scaling laws for spherically symmetric, homogeneous model nebulae with uniform density and make direct comparison of wind effects and photoionization effects for much wider ranges of nebular densities, stellar luminosities, and wind strengths than have been considered in previous works. Lifetimes, energies, volumes, and masses of wind‐affected material are compared to similar quantities for nebular material heated and driven by photoionization. For the simple models considered in this study, photoionization dominates as winds with strengths expected for zero‐age O‐type stars are of little influence in the ultimate overall structure and dynamics of radiation‐bounded H ii regions, except for the “best case for wind” models featuring nebulae of very high density (ρ≳10-19 g cm−3, N≳105–106 cm−3). Consequently, even though heating by photoionization seems to dominate the evolution of H i regions and the formation of H ii regions surrounding O‐type stars, dense molecular clouds may be more strongly influenced by winds. Winds can also be more influential in the overall structure and dynamics of gas‐bounded H ii regions of moderate density if the system is sufficiently optically thin to ionizing radiation.
Construction and Activity Study of a Natural Antibacterial Patch Based on Natural Active Substance-Green Porous Structures

Bacterial infections are a serious threat to human health, and the rapid emergence of bacterial resistance caused by the abuse of antibiotics exacerbates the seriousness of this problem. Effectively utilizing natural products to construct new antimicrobial strategies is regarded as a promising way to suppress the rapid development of bacterial resistance. In this paper, we fabricated a new type of natural antibacterial patch by using a natural active substance (allicin) as an antibacterial agent and the porous structure of the white pulp of pomelo peel as a scaffold. The antibacterial activity and mechanisms were systematically investigated by using various technologies, including the bacteriostatic circle, plate counting, fluorescence staining, and a scanning electron microscope. Both gram-positive and negative bacteria can be effectively killed by this patch. Moreover, this natural antibacterial patch also showed significant anti-skin infection activity. This study provides a green approach for constructing efficient antibacterial patches.
From Field Tests to Molecular Tools—Evaluating Diagnostic Tests to Improve Rabies Surveillance in Namibia

Rabies is endemic in Namibia and is present both in wildlife carnivores and domestic free-roaming dogs. The disease thus represents a challenge for public human and veterinary disease control. Namibia has implemented a national strategic plan to control rabies and the country’s activities are supported by international organizations. To this end, rabies diagnosis at the Central Veterinary Laboratory (CVL) was improved in the frame of a World Organization for Animal Health (WOAH) laboratory twinning program: from practical sampling techniques and the use of lateral flow devices to a novel universal and discriminatory quantitative real-time Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), which easily identify dog-associated rabies viruses. The procedures applied and the results can be used as a template to improve rabies laboratory diagnosis.
Heat index based identification of critical heat stress zone for production traits in murrah Buffalo under subtropical climate

ABSTRACT Novel study on identification of critical heat stress zone (CHSZ) taking 20 years data was carried out in Indian buffaloes considering the effect of temperature humidity index-THI on milk production and composition traits. More than 3 lakh daily milk yield records (DMY); 9864 records each of monthly test day fat% (MTDF%) and SNF% (MTDSNF%) and meteorological data were collected from ICAR-NDRI and ICAR-CSSRI, Karnal, respectively. THI model [THI = (0.55× Tdb + 0.2× Tdp) × 1.8 + 32 + 17.5] by National Research Council in 1971 was used for computing THI. The year was classified into: Heat Stress Zone (HSZ) and Non-Heat Stress Zone (NHSZ) based on the trends of rising THI and declining milk production and composition traits. For DMY, NHSZ was 1st October to 9th April and HSZ was 10th April-30th September. For composition traits, October-March was NHSZ and April-September the HSZ. Within the HSZ regression analysis was conducted to find the zone where maximum drop in traits occur per unit rise in THI. A maximum decline in DMY 92.20 gram was observed during 15th August-14th September; identified as CHSZ for DMY. Similarly, maximum drop in MTDF% (b = −0.052) and MTDSNF% (b = −0.0114) observed during July-August, considered as CHSZ.
Sources of conflicts in the execution of projects in companies of the oil sector in the Eastern Coast of the Lake of Zulia state

The objective of the investigation was to describe the sources of conflicts in the execution of projects in companies of the oil sector in the Eastern Coast of the Lake of Zulia state. The type of research was descriptive, with a non-experimental field design. The population was made up of 22 subjects who hold the positions of Managers, Leaders and Project Engineers. The data collection technique used was the survey, subjected to a validation process by the judgment of seven experts in the area, and reliability was determined by means of the Alpha-Cronbach Coefficient, which was 0.92, being very high reliability. Subsequently, descriptive and inferential statistics were used by obtaining measures of central tendency and variability, allowing the corresponding analysis and discussion of results to be generated. As a proposal, the strategic guideline was generated for the identification of the sources of conflicts in the execution of projects.
Unraveling Hepatic Metabolomic Profiles and Morphological Outcomes in a Hybrid Model of NASH in Different Mouse Strains

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) encompasses nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and affects 25% of the global population. Although a plethora of experimental models for studying NASH have been proposed, still scarce findings regarding the hepatic metabolomic/molecular profile. In the present study, we sought to unravel the hepatic metabolomic profile of mice subjected to a hybrid model of NASH, by combining a Western diet and carbon tetrachloride administration, for 8 weeks, in male C57BL/6J and BALB/c mice. In both mouse strains, the main traits of NASH—metabolic (glucose intolerance profile), morphologic (extensive microvesicular steatosis and fibrosis, lobular inflammation, and adipose tissue-related inflammation/hypertrophy), and molecular (impaired Nrf2/NF-κB pathway dynamics and altered metabolomic profile)—were observed. The hepatic metabolomic profile revealed that the hybrid protocol impaired, in both strains, the abundance of branched chain-aromatic amino acids, carboxylic acids, and glycosyl compounds, that might be linked to the Nrf2 pathway activation. Moreover, we observed a strain-dependent hepatic metabolomic signature, in which the tricarboxylic acid metabolites and pyruvate metabolism were dissimilarly modulated in C57BL/6J and BALB/c mice. Thus, we provide evidence that the strain-dependent hepatic metabolomic profile might be linked to the distinct underlying mechanisms of NASH, also prospecting potential mechanistic insights into the corresponding disease.
Design, Synthesis, and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of 12-Dehydropyxinol Derivatives

Pyxinol skeleton is a promising framework of anti-inflammatory agents formed in the human liver from 20S-protopanaxadiol, the main active aglycone of ginsenosides. In the present study, a new series of amino acid-containing derivatives were produced from 12-dehydropyxinol, a pyxinol oxidation metabolite, and its anti-inflammatory activity was assessed using an NO inhibition assay. Interestingly, the dehydrogenation at C-12 of pyxinol derivatives improved their potency greatly. Furthermore, half of the derivatives exhibited better NO inhibitory activity than hydrocortisone sodium succinate, a glucocorticoid drug. The structure–activity relationship analysis indicated that the kinds of amino acid residues and their hydrophilicity influenced the activity to a great extent, as did R/S stereochemistry at C-24. Of the various derivatives, 5c with an N-Boc-protected phenylalanine residue showed the highest NO inhibitory activity and relatively low cytotoxicity. Moreover, derivative 5c could dose-dependently suppress iNOS, IL-1β, and TNF-α via the MAPK and NF-κB pathways, but not the GR pathway. Overall, pyxinol derivatives hold potential for application as anti-inflammatory agents.
Stellar kinematics of X-ray bright massive elliptical galaxies

We discuss a simple and fast method for estimating masses of early-type galaxies from optical data and compare the results with X-ray derived masses. The optical method relies only on the most basic observables such as the surface brightness I(R) and the line-of-sight velocity dispersionp(R) profiles and provides an anisotropy- independent estimate of the galaxy circular speed Vc. The mass-anisotropy degeneracy is effectively overcome by evaluating Vc at a characteristic radius Rsweet defined from local properties of observed profiles. The sweet radius Rsweet is expected to lie close to R2, where I(R) / R 2 , and not far from the effective radius Reff. We apply the method to a sample of five X-ray bright elliptical galaxies observed with the 6-m telescope BTA-6 in Russia. We then compare the optical Vc-estimate with the X-ray derived value, and discuss possible constraints on the non-thermal pressure in the hot gas and configuration of stellar orbits. We find that the average ratio of the optical Vc- estimate to the X-ray one is equal to � 0.98 with 11% scatter, i.e. there is no evidence for the large non-thermal pressure contribution in the gas atRsweet. From analysis of the Lick indices H�, Mgb, Fe5270 and Fe5335, we calculate the mass of the stellar component within the sweet radius. We conclude that a typical dark matter fraction inside Rsweet in the sample galaxies is � 60% for the Salpeter IMF and � 75% for the Kroupa IMF.