Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Modeling Access Across the Digital Divide for Intersectional Groups Seeking Web-Based Health Information: National Survey

Background The digital divide refers to technological disparities based on demographic characteristics (eg, race and ethnicity). Lack of physical access to the internet inhibits online health information seeking (OHIS) and exacerbates health disparities. Research on the digital divide examines where and how people access the internet, whereas research on OHIS investigates how intersectional identities influence OHIS. We combine these perspectives to explicate how unique context–device access pairings operate differently across intersectional identities—particularly racial and ethnic groups—in the domain of OHIS. Objective This study aims to examine how different types of internet access relate to OHIS for different racial and ethnic groups. We investigate relationships among predisposing characteristics (ie, age, sex, education, and income), internet access (home computer, public computer, work computer, and mobile), health needs, and OHIS. Methods Analysis was conducted using data from the 2019 Health Information National Trends Survey. Our theoretical model of OHIS explicates the roles of internet access and health needs for racial and ethnic minority groups’ OHIS. Participant responses were analyzed using structural equation modeling. Three separate group structural equation modeling models were specified based on Black, Latine, and White self-categorizations. Results Overall, predisposing characteristics (ie, age, sex, education, and income) were associated with internet access, health needs, and OHIS; internet access was associated with OHIS; and health needs were associated with OHIS. Home computer and mobile access were most consistently associated with OHIS. Several notable linkages between predisposing characteristics and internet access differed for Black and Latine individuals. Older racial and ethnic minorities tended to access the internet on home and public computers less frequently; home computer access was a stronger predictor of OHIS for White individuals, and mobile access was a stronger predictor of OHIS for non-White individuals. Conclusions Our findings necessitate a deeper unpacking of how physical internet access, the foundational and multifaceted level of the digital divide, affects specific racial and ethnic groups and their OHIS. We not only find support for prior work on the digital divide but also surface new insights, including distinct impacts of context–device access pairings for OHIS and several relationships that differ between racial and ethnic groups. As such, we propose interventions with an intersectional approach to access to ameliorate the impact of the digital divide.
Progress in Thermochemical Biomass Conversion

Combustion: Co-combustion of coal and biomass wastes in fluidised bed Development of catalytic wood fired boiler The mathematical modelling of biomass pyrolysis in a fixed bed and experimental verification Operating parameters for the circulating fluidised bed (CFB) processing of biomass Combustion properties of a fuel bed - Experimental and modelling study Summary of recent parametric studies of small-scale domestic biomass combustion Combustion processes in a biomass fuel bed - Experimental results of the influence of airflow and of particle size and density Influence of the ash composition in slagging and defluidisation in a biomass fired commercial CFB boiler A new type of a boiler plant for dry and wet biofuel Gasification: Modern technologies of biomass conversion Redox process for the production of clean hydrogen from biomass Dynamic Modelling of Char Gasification in a Fixed-Bed A two stage pyrolysis/gasification process for herbaceous waste biomass from agriculture Fundamental fluid-dynamic investigations in a scaled cold model for biomass-steam gasification Biomass Power Generation: Sugar Cane Bagasse and Trash Biomass and waste to energy conversion in the Netherlands by means of (in) direct co-combustion: Status, projects and future applications in the Dutch utility sector Gasification study of biomass mixed with plastic wastes The development of methanol synthesis with biomass gasification Final report: Varnamo demonstration programme Design of a moving bed granular filter for biomass gasification Pyrolysis: Bagasse pyrolysis in a wire mesh reactor BCO/Diesel oil emulsification: Main achievements of the emulsification process and preliminary results of tests on diesel engine Overview of fast pyrolysis Production of hydrogen from biomass-derived liquids Levoglucosenone - A product of catalytic fast pyrolysis of cellulose Pyrolysis and gasification of black liquors from alkaline pulping of straw in a fixed bed reactor Thermal efficiency of the HTU process for biomass liquefaction Low-temperature pyrolysis as a possible technique for the disposal of CCA treated wood waste Mathematical modelling of the flash-pyrolysis process for wood particles Flash pyrolysis of biomass in a conical spouted bed. Kinetic study in the 400-500C range Scale up effect on plastics waste pyrolysis Research on the rotating cone reactor for sawdust flash pyrolysis Thermal desorption technology: Low temperature carbonisation of the biomass for manufacturing of activated carbon Scaling-up and operation of a flash-pyrolysis system for bio-oil production and applications on basis of the rotating cone technology Systems: Utilisation of bagasse residues in power production Barriers for the introduction of biomass in the Netherlands Assessment of the techno-economic viability of a bioelectricity demonstration plant in Spain Innovative components for decentralised combined heat and power generation from biomass gasification A role of bioenergy utilization technologies considering bioenergy supply potential and energy systems using a global energy and land use model
Measuring Americans’ Support for Adapting to ‘Climate Change’ or ‘Extreme Weather’

ABSTRACT Climate communicators can use the terms ‘climate change’ or ‘extreme weather’ to describe climate change adaptation strategies. However, the terms might differentially affect individuals’ support for those strategies. We examined Americans’ (N = 1,558) endorsement of climate change adaptation behaviors and policies based on whether they were described using ‘climate change’ or ‘extreme weather. ’ Republicans’ endorsement of some adaptation behaviors and policies was lower when using the term ‘climate change’ compared with ‘extreme weather,’ while in contrast, Democrats’ reported willingness to engage in collective adaptation behaviors and support for policies related to protecting natural spaces was higher when using the term ‘climate change. ’ The appropriateness of using ‘climate change’ or ‘extreme weather’ is situational depending on both the audience and the behaviors and policies being communicated.
Clinical Role of Serum Lactic Dehydrogenase Assessment in Critically Ill Pediatric Patients with Sepsis

Background: Sepsis is a systemic inflammatory disorder that may be associated with higher rate of morbidity and mortality in pediatric patients admitted to intensive care unit with sepsis. Usage of different biomarker may helpful for early identification and appropriate management of sepsis. Aim of Study: To investigated the role of serum lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) in prediction of sepsis in critical pediatric patients, and its relation with prognostic scoring systems. Patients and Methods: A prospective cohort study was conducted at El Galaa Teaching Hospital between January 2020 and December 2020. A total of 168 pediatric patients were divided into the septic group (84 critically ill patients with sepsis from the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU)] and the control group (84 stable patients admitted to the in patient word). Demographic and clinical data were collected, routine laboratory investigation including LDH on admission and after 24 hours were performed. Pediatric Risk of Mortality III (PRISM III) Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (pSOFA) were assessed. Results: The serum LDH level was significantly higher in septic than control (p=0.000) and in non-survivor than survivor group (p=0.000). Also, There was statistically significant between survivor and non-survivor as regarding length of hospital stay, pSOFA score and PRISM III score. There was statistically significant positive correlation between LDH, PRISM III (r=0.842, p<0.001) and pSOFA (r=0.785, p<0.001). Conclusion: The study concluded that the LDH is a useful marker in predicting of sepsis in critically ill pediatric patients especially when combined with prognostic scoring systems.
Diffusion-Weighted MRI—The Way Forward for MRI in Myeloma?

Multiple myeloma and other plasma cell disorders infiltrate the bone marrow in different patterns. While some patients show a homogeneous distribution of the clonal plasma cells others present with focal accumulations, commonly called focal lesions. Novel imaging techniques can provide information on these infiltration patterns and, due to their low invasiveness, can be performed repeatedly and therefore be used for monitoring. Conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has a high sensitivity for bone marrow assessment but cannot safely differentiate between active and inactive lesions. Therefore, positron emission tomography, especially combined with computed tomography (PET/CT), has been more widely used, at least for the monitoring of treatment response. Comparative, but mostly retrospective studies, have shown that functional MRI techniques, namely diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI), which assesses the movement of water molecules, can evaluate tissue cellularity with high sensitivity, which challenges the dominance of PET/CT in treatment response assessment. This review will discuss the benefits and challenges of DWI and compare it to other available imaging techniques used in patients with monoclonal plasma cell disorders.
Bayesian Dynamic Feature Partitioning in High-Dimensional Regression With Big Data

Abstract Bayesian computation of high-dimensional linear regression models using Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) or its variants can be extremely slow or completely prohibitive since these methods perform costly computations at each iteration of the sampling chain. Furthermore, this computational cost cannot usually be efficiently divided across a parallel architecture. These problems are aggravated if the data size is large or data arrive sequentially over time (streaming or online settings). This article proposes a novel dynamic feature partitioned regression (DFP) for efficient online inference for high-dimensional linear regressions with large or streaming data. DFP constructs a pseudo posterior density of the parameters at every time point, and quickly updates the pseudo posterior when a new block of data (data shard) arrives. DFP updates the pseudo posterior at every time point suitably and partitions the set of parameters to exploit parallelization for efficient posterior computation. The proposed approach is applied to high-dimensional linear regression models with Gaussian scale mixture priors and spike-and-slab priors on large parameter spaces, along with large data, and is found to yield state-of-the-art inferential performance. The algorithm enjoys theoretical support with pseudoposterior densities over time being arbitrarily close to the full posterior as the data size grows, as shown in the supplementary material. Supplementary material also contains details of the DFP algorithm applied to different priors. Package to implement DFP is available in https://github.com/Rene-Gutierrez/DynParRegReg. The dataset is available in https://github.com/Rene-Gutierrez/DynParRegReg\_Implementation.
Suppressed
 p
 CO
 2
 in the Southern Ocean due to the interaction between current and wind

The Southern Ocean, an important region for the uptake of anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO 2 ), features strong surface currents due to substantial mesoscale meanders and eddies. These features interact with the wind and modify the momentum transfer from the atmosphere to the ocean. Although such interactions are known to reduce momentum transfer, their impact on air-sea carbon exchange remains unclear. Using a 1/20° physical-biogeochemical coupled ocean model, we examined the impact of the current-wind interaction on the surface carbon concentration and the air-sea carbon exchange in the Southern Ocean. The current-wind interaction decreased winter partial pressure of CO 2 ( p CO 2 ) at the ocean surface mainly south of the northern subantarctic front. It also reduced p CO 2 in summer, indicating enhanced uptake, but not to the same extent as the winter loss. Consequently, the net outgassing of CO 2 was found to be reduced by approximately 17 % when including current-wind interaction. These changes stem from the combined effect of vertical mixing and Ekman divergence. A budget analysis of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) revealed that a weakening of vertical mixing by current-wind interaction reduces the carbon supply from below, and particularly so in winter. The weaker wind stress additionally lowers the subsurface DIC concentration in summer, which can affect the vertical diffusive flux of carbon in winter. Our study suggests that ignoring current-wind interactions in the Southern Ocean can overestimate winter CO 2 outgassing.
A site formation model for Cuncaicha rock shelter: Depositional and postdepositional processes at the high‐altitude keysite in the Peruvian Andes

We report results from geoarchaeological investigations at Cuncaicha rock shelter (4480 m above sea level) in the high Andes of southern Peru. Using field observations, geomorphological, micromorphological, micro‐Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Bayesian modeling of radiocarbon ages, and archaeological data, we analyzed the entire stratigraphic sequence to determine depositional and postdepositional processes and agents to assess the impact of bioturbation and to correlate the deposits with regional paleoenvironmental information. The archaeological record is represented well on a microscale, and bioturbation has not destroyed the stratigraphic integrity. The Terminal Pleistocene sediments that contain the oldest archaeological material at the site, dating to ~12.3–11.1 ka, are especially well preserved and capped by a layer of tufa. Depositional changes from autochthonous carbonate precipitation during the Terminal Pleistocene toward allochthonous aeolian sedimentation in the Early Holocene reflect changing environmental and climatic conditions. Formation of a soil during the Late‐Middle Holocene caused postdepositional alterations and likely correlates to variable environmental conditions. We use these results to formulate a site formation model for Cuncaicha rock shelter that integrates archaeological, chronological, and paleoenvironmental data.
Histological Study of Hyaline Articular Cartilage changes in a Rat Model of Complete Freund’s Adjuvant-Induced arthritis of the Knee Joint

Background: Arthritis is the most common joint disorder. The most significant structural change seen in arthritis is the degeneration of the articular cartilage. Numerous animal models are used to reproduce arthritis. In this paper, we assessed the ability of complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) to induce degenerative changes of hyaline articular cartilage in rat chronic arthritis model. Methods: In this study, 42 adult male albino rats were used, divided into: control group I (18 rats) and arthritis group II (24 rats). Arthritis was induced unilaterally by a single intra-articular injection of 125 μl of CFA in the right knee joint of each rat. The samples were collected 2, 6, and 10 weeks post-injection. Hematoxylin & Eosin (H&E) stain, Masson’s trichrome stain, Safranin O (S.O) stain were used to assess articular cartilage degeneration during inflammation.Results: The articular cartilage of rats of arthritis group II showed progressive inflammatory cell infiltration in the synovial membrane. Chondrocytes showed degeneration, hypertrophy and extensive proliferation. Moreover, the matrix exhibited fibrillations, fissuring, delamination and denudation with fibrous tissue within the denuded surface. The thickness of the articular cartilage, the collagen content and the proteoglycan content showed significant decrease in rats sacrificed after 10 weeks compared to rats sacrificed after 2 weeks and 6 weeks from the onset of the experiment.Conclusions: Intra-articular injection of complete Freund’s adjuvant induces progressive degeneration of the hyaline articular cartilage of the knee joint of rats. It can be useful for studies on mechanisms and strategy of treatment of knee joint arthritis. Mansoura Medical Journal (Official Journal of Mansoura Faculty of Medicine) pISSN: 1110-211X; eISSN: 2735-3990
PLANETARY NEBULAE NEAR THE GALACTIC CENTRE: CHEMICAL ABUNDANCES

In this work, we report physical parameters and abundances derived for a sample of high extinction planetary nebulae located in the Galactic bulge, near the Galactic Centre, based on low dispersion spectroscopy secured at the SOAR telescope using the Goodman spectrograph. The results show that the abundances of our sample are similar to those from other regions of the bulge. Nevertheless, the average abundances of the Galactic bulge do not follow the observed trend of the radial abundance gradient in the disk. Planetary nebulae (PNe) are the offspring of stars within a large mass interval (0.8−8M⊙). They constitute an important tool to study the chemical evolution of the Milky Way and other galaxies, probing the nucleosynthesis processes, abundance gradients and the chemical enrichment of the interstellar medium (ISM). The fact that PNe are originated from stars of different masses difficults the construction of representatives samples for unbiased chemical composition studies. So that, the presently available chemical composition studies of PNe are strongly biased, since they were focused on brighter objects, predominantly located in Galactic regions of low interstellar reddening. In this work, we report physical parameters and abundances derived for a sample of high extinction PNe located in the Galactic bulge, near the Galactic Centre (GC), based on low dispersion spectroscopy secured at the SOAR telescope using the Goodman spectrograph. The results point to weaker, highly obscured PNe, with E(B-V) roughly 2.3 on the average, that are at the faint end of the PNe luminosity function (PNLF). With such high extinction, no lines are seen in the blue part of the spectra, at wavelengths shorter than Hβ(486.1 nm). From the point of view of the abundances, Fig. 1 (top) shows sulfur as a function of oxygen abundances. Triangles and stars represent the data obtained with SOAR, and filled circles the data from Cavichia et al. (2010), hereafter CCM10. We assumed a temperature of 10000 K for PNe to which we could not
Scaling Behavior of Pattern Formation in the Flexographic Ink Splitting Process

We considered pattern formation, i.e. viscous fingering, in the ink splitting process between an elastic flexographic printing plate and the substrate. We observed an unexpected scaling behavior of the emerging pattern length scale (i.e., finger width) as a function of printing velocity, fluid viscosity, surface tension, and plate elasticity coefficients. Scaling exponents depended on the ratio of the capillary number of the fluid flow, and the elastocapillary number defined by plate elasticity and surface tension. The exponents significantly differed from rigid printing plates, which depend on the capillary number only. A dynamic model is proposed to predict the scaling exponents. The results indicate that flexo printing corresponded to a self-regulating dynamical equilibrium of viscous, capillary, and elastic forces. We argue that these forces stabilize the process conditions in a flexo printing unit over a wide range of printing velocities, ink viscosities, and mechanical process settings.
DUST AND GAS IN THE MAGELLANIC CLOUDS FROM THE HERITAGE HERSCHEL KEY PROJECT. II. GAS-TO-DUST RATIO VARIATIONS ACROSS INTERSTELLAR MEDIUM PHASES

The spatial variations of the gas-to-dust ratio (GDR) provide constraints on the chemical evolution and lifecycle of dust in galaxies. We examine the relation between dust and gas at 10–50 pc resolution in the Large and Small Magellanic Clouds (LMC and SMC) based on Herschel far-infrared (FIR), H i 21 cm, CO, and Hα observations. In the diffuse atomic interstellar medium (ISM), we derive the GDR as the slope of the dust–gas relation and find GDRs of 380 3 in the LMC, and 1200 120 in the SMC, not including helium. The atomic-to-molecular transition is located at dust surface densities of 0.05 M☉ pc−2 in the LMC and 0.03 M☉ pc−2 in the SMC, corresponding to AV ∼ 0.4 and 0.2, respectively. We investigate the range of CO-to-H2 conversion factor to best account for all the molecular gas in the beam of the observations, and find upper limits on XCO to be 6 × 1020 cm−2 K−1 km−1 s in the LMC (Z = 0.5 Z☉) at 15 pc resolution, and 4 × 1021 cm−2 K−1 km−1 s in the SMC (Z = 0.2 Z☉) at 45 pc resolution. In the LMC, the slope of the dust–gas relation in the dense ISM is lower than in the diffuse ISM by a factor ∼2, even after accounting for the effects of CO-dark H2 in the translucent envelopes of molecular clouds. Coagulation of dust grains and the subsequent dust emissivity increase in molecular clouds, and/or accretion of gas-phase metals onto dust grains, and the subsequent dust abundance (dust-to-gas ratio) increase in molecular clouds could explain the observations. In the SMC, variations in the dust–gas slope caused by coagulation or accretion are degenerate with the effects of CO-dark H2. Within the expected 5–20 times Galactic XCO range, the dust–gas slope can be either constant or decrease by a factor of several across ISM phases. Further modeling and observations are required to break the degeneracy between dust grain coagulation, accretion, and CO-dark H2. Our analysis demonstrates that obtaining robust ISM masses remains a non-trivial endeavor even in the local Universe using state-of-the-art maps of thermal dust emission.
Price Stability Versus Low Inflation in Germany: An Analysis of Costs and Benefits

This study empirically investigates for the case of Germany the following question, recently posed by Feldstein (1996): "lf the true and fully anticipated rate of inflation has stabilized at a low level, i.e. two per cent, is the gain from reducing inflation to zero worth the sacrifice in output and employment that would be required to achieve it? " .
On quasifree profinite groups

Recently, it has been shown by Harbater and Stevenson that a profinite group G is free profinite of infinite rank m if and only if G is projective and m-quasifree. The latter condition requires the existence of m distinct solutions to certain embedding problems for G. In this paper we provide several new non-trivial examples of m-quasifree groups, projective and non-projective. Our main result is that open subgroups of m-quasifree groups are m-quasifree.