Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Acute Toxicity of Aflatoxin B1 to Channel Catfish

Abstract Both oral and intraperitoneal (IP) administration of 12 mg aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) per kilogram of body weight caused regurgitation of stomach contents by channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus. Detoxification of AFB1 (ammoniation) significantly reduced the incidence of regurgitation. The 10-d median lethal dose (LD50; dose that is lethal to 50% of test organisms) for IPadministered AFB, in channel catfish averaging 19 g was 11.5 mg/kg of body weight, with a 95% confidence interval of 9.5–13.3 mg/kg. Gills, livers, kidneys, spleens, stomachs, and intestines of moribund fish injected with 12 mg AFB1/kg of body weight were extremely pale. Hematocrits, hemoglobin concentrations, and erythrocyte counts of moribund fish were about 10% of those values in control fish. Histological lesions in moribund fish included sloughing of intestinal mucosa and necrosis of hematopoietic tissues, hepatocytes, pancreatic acinar cells, and gastric glands. Spleens showed reduction in volume of the red pulp and reduction in nu.
In Vitro Propagation of the Protozoan Perkinsus Marinus, A Pathogen of the Eastern Oyster, Crassostrea Virginica

ABSTRACT. Perkinsus marinus, a pathogen of eastern oysters (Crassostrea virginica), has been successfully propagated in vitro. Cultures of the parasite were initiated from heart fragments of an infected oyster. the cultured protozoan (designated Parkinsus‐1) was similar in morphology at both the light and transmission electron microscopy levels to histozoic stages of P. marinus in naturally infected oysters. In addition, cultured cells incubated in fluid thioglycollate medium produced enlarged cells (prezoosporangia) that stained blue‐black in Lugol's solution, a response characteristic to Perkinsus spp. and used in routine diagnosis. Polyclonal antibodies raised against P. marinus prezoosporangia reacted positively to Perkinsus‐1. Finally, the cultured cells infected susceptible oysters and reisolation of Perkinsus‐1 cells was possible from the hearts of experimentally infected oysters. the culture medium contained most of the known constituents of cell‐free hemolymph of oysters. the success achieved in culturing P. marinus will allow further investigations aimed at reducing mortalities caused by this important oyster pathogen and at addressing many unanswered questions about its biology and pathobiology.
Relative use of three types of artificial retreats by terrestrial lizards in grazed coastal shrubland, New Zealand

Artificial retreats are increasingly used to sample animal populations and in attempts to boost animal numbers in degraded habitats. Understanding how animals use artificial retreats and which designs are most effective is therefore important. We tested the influence of retreat type, time-of-year and site on the use of artificial retreats by three species of terrestrial lizards (McCann's skink Oligosoma maccanni, common skink O. nigriplantare polychroma, and common gecko Hoplodactylus maculatus) in a remnant of grazed coastal shrubland at Birdlings Flat, New Zealand. Monthly capture sessions took place at two sites between December 2003 and November 2004. During 2160 retreat checks, 898 captures of 388 individual lizards were made. Geckos dominated the sample and displayed strong preferences for artificial retreats made of Onduline over corrugated iron and concrete tiles. Skinks used all types of artificial retreats without apparent preference. For all species, use of artificial retreats varied with time-of-year and was lowest in winter months. We also operated pitfall traps at these sites and made 329 captures of 205 individuals during 1920 trap-checks. Pitfall traps produced samples dominated by skinks. We conclude that Onduline retreats are a promising method for detecting terrestrial species of gecko in open habitats. Long-term studies are required to quantify the benefits of providing artificial retreats in restoration projects.
Phytotoxicity of fosetyl Al and phosphonic acid to maize during production of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal inoculum

Research into the function of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizae (VAM) requires production of sufficient quantities of high-quality inoculum. Contamination of one of our Glomus cultures on maize with Pythium myriotylum prompted us to assess the effects of anti-oomycete fungicides on colonization of maize by strains of Glomus mosseae, G. macrocarpum. G. etunicatum, and G. microcarpum
“O Último Minuto”: reflecting on coach identity and role prominence in contemporary football

ABSTRACT Literary fiction has been recognised as a vehicle of cultural transmission that can be used to reflect on real issues. If used as data sources, sports novels may be useful for making sense of the complexity and messiness of the coaching process. Drawing upon the reading of “O Último Minuto”, written by Brazilian author Marcelo Backes, this paper uses the trajectory, experiences, and emotions of its protagonist – João Iánic -, as a springboard to reflect on the challenges of coach identity and role prominence in contemporary sport and society. Although role prominence may enhance coaches’ commitment, energy and motivation to invest in their tasks, strong coaching identity may as well have its potential pitfalls. If other identities are dismissed, and the coaching identity is threatened (e.g. by the increasing commercialisation of sport, especially football) there is the risk of a negative path, which can result in experiences of burnout, unsustainable pressure, and ill-being. More research is needed to uncover the mechanisms that lead to or create the “turning points” in the coaches’ paths. A better understanding of identity prominence may also assist with promoting its facilitative nature while mitigating its potentially debilitative consequences.
Oral administration of extract from Curcuma longa lowers blood glucose and attenuates alloxan-induced hyperlipidemia in diabetic rabbits.

The biochemical effects of methanol extract of Curcuma longa on plasma cholesterol, glucose, protein, triglyceride and creatinine levels were studied in alloxan induced diabetic rabbits. The rabbits were induced by intra-peritoneal injection of alloxan, which was prepared in proportion to the rabbit’s body weight and administered per kilogram body weight of each rabbit. The animals were placed into three main groups in this study: normal, diabetic test animals and diabetic control animals. Single doses of plant extracts were used for the respective studies and the biochemical parameters were assessed from day 0 to day 12, on day 3 respectively. The results of plasma glucose levels indicated an increase from 6.6-8.0 g/L in the diabetic rabbits treated with C. longa extract, compared to the diabetic control which maintained a level of 6.3 g/L. Creatinine level in the test animals decreased from 264.5-94.6 μmol/L and plasma cholesterol in the test group. However the plant extract only showed a slight decrease in the plasma triglyceride and protein levels of alloxan diabetic rabbits. Polydipsia in untreated in diabetic animals was reduced to normal in those administered the plant extract. Curcuma longa could be a possible source of antidiabetic chemotherapeutic agents.
The Energy Saving Potential of Wide Windows in Hospital Patient Rooms, Optimizing the Type of Glazing and Lighting Control Strategy under Different Climatic Conditions

If not properly designed, the adoption of large windows can sometimes have a negative impact on building energy demand. For this reason, aggravated by the outdated building envelope of the healthcare building stock, large fenestration systems are usually avoided in hospitals, especially in old structures. However, with appropriate glazing specifications, the adoption of wider openings can result into significant energy savings, lower costs and strong positive effects on patients and staff well-being. The present study investigates how different window sizes and types of glazing affect heating, cooling and lighting energy demand in a hospital patient room. The objective is to evaluate the energy savings that may be obtained when installing larger windows and to identify the glazing properties allowing one to reach the maximum energy reductions. Simulations were carried out using nine diverse glazing systems, already available on the market, and their energy performance was evaluated in relation to two different window areas: a common size opening, characterized by a 25% Window-to-Wall Ratio (WWR), and a floor to ceiling window, with 77% WWR. The analysis was conducted taking into consideration four different orientations in four Italian cities, supposing two artificial lighting control strategies. The results highlighted how the adoption of wider windows with appropriate glazings and a daylight-linked dimming lighting control strategy may lower the primary energy demand up to 17%.
Wheat genotypes differ in potassium accumulation and osmotic adjustment under drought stress

Potassium (K) is the principal mineral solute contributing to osmotic adjustment (OA) in many crop species, and the magnitude of OA under drought stress may be increased by application of K fertilisers. Genotypic differences in either the capacity for OA under drought stress or the efficiency of K uptake and utilisation by wheat have been separately documented. However, it is not known whether genotypic differences in K uptake and utilisation are linked to differences in OA under drought stress. In this study, we quantified changes in OA in response to variable K fertilisation among five wheat genotypes with contrasting efficiency of K uptake and utilisation. Fertilisation with K increased OA for most genotypes by increasing K+ uptake and translocation into shoots and its subsequent accumulation in young leaves when drought stress was imposed. Accumulation of K+ in young leaves accounted for 36–51% of OA among the genotypes. The magnitude of OA achieved by genotypes under K fertilisation was highly correlated with the net content of K accumulated in shoots. With K fertilisation, differences in shoot K+ content accounted for 84% of the difference in OA among wheat genotypes. By comparison, for plants without K fertilisation, K+ accumulation in young leaves contributed only 17–28% of OA. At low K supply, the magnitude of OA achieved by genotypes was independent of the content or concentration of K+ in shoots. Under K-fertilised conditions, genotype Nyabing achieved the highest OA under drought stress, accumulated the highest concentration of K+ in young leaves (–0.87 MPa, accounting for 51% of OA), and had the greatest net K+ content in shoots. Genotype Wyalkatchem accumulated the smallest content of K+ in shoots and the lowest K+ concentration in young leaves (–0.40 MPa, accounting for 38% of OA), and achieved the lowest OA under drought stress. The greatest OA was achieved where high genotypic capacity to take up K was paired with conditions of high soil K availability.
PRESSURE‐FLOW EVENTS DURING SINGING

The singer must coordinate the movements of the vocal cords and the vocal tract (which determine pitch, loudness, and quality of the tones) with the movements of the respiratory bellows (which produce the pressure and flow of air needed to drive the larynx). During phonation, both subglottic pressure and the flow rate of air through the larynx must remain constant if one wants to produce a tone of constant pitch and loudness. During singing of a song, on the other hand, these pressures and flow rates are subject to changes related to the requirements of the individual tones. We will briefly discuss breathing patterns during singing of songs, but will concentrate on the pressure and flow events during production of single constant tones, when a “steady state” of pressure and flow rate prevails. The mechanical analy3is of these events will be summarized only; its details have been reported elsewhere, as have the technical details of the methods used (Bouhuys et al., 1966).
Value addition of low fat chicken sausage with rice and wheat flour

The study was conducted to evaluate the effect of rice and wheat flours on low fat chicken sausages. Sausages were prepared into three different groups: control; broiler breast meat sausage without any flour (T1), sausage with addition of 10% rice flour (T2) &10% wheat flour (T3). All parameters were analyzed at 0, 15 and 30 days of storage period. The proximate compositions of different sausages were analyzed and highly significant (p<0.01) differences were found in DM (%) and CP (%). Significantly (p<0.01) lower DM (%) and higher CP (%) was found in T1. Both DM (%) and CP (%) content were increased with increase of storage time. The storage period have significant (p<0.01) effect on different biochemical (FFA, POV and TBARS value) and microbial (TVC, TCC and TYMC) test. In both cases the values were increased with increase of storage period. Different types of sausage and storage period have an effect on redness (a*) value. In sensory analysis, significantly lower flavor, juiciness and tenderness were found in T1. Although flavzAQAor, juiciness and tenderness were varied during sensory evaluation, overall acceptability did not differ among the three treatments. Results of this study revealed that low fat chicken sausages can be made with 10% rice and wheat flour without lowering the overall acceptability.
Esterco bovino e calagem para formação de mudas de guanandi

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar, em casa de vegetacao, os efeitos de doses de esterco bovino e de calcario na formacao de mudas de guanandi (Calophyllum brasiliense Cambess.). Foram avaliadas quatro doses de cada fator, combinadas em esquema fatorial 4x4. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente ao acaso com quatro repeticoes, e cada parcela continha cinco mudas. O substrato foi formado pela mistura, em volume, de oito partes de subsolo e duas partes de areia, e doses de esterco correspondentes a 0, 2, 4 e 6 partes que, em massa, equivalem a 0, 101, 175 e 229 kg m-3. As doses de calcario foram calculadas para elevar a saturacao por bases (V%) a 20, 35, 50 e 65%. Aos 120 dias, foram avaliados: altura, diâmetro do colo, numero de folhas, area foliar e materia seca das partes aerea e radicular das mudas. Em substrato constituido de subsolo+areia, a calagem e a adubacao com esterco bovino nao sao necessarias para producao de mudas de guanandi.
An audit of patients with abruptio placentae in the Pretoria Academic Complex

Background . Obstetric hemorrhage is the third most common cause of maternal death in South Africa. Abruptio placentae (AP) contributed to 12.9% of deaths caused by haemorrhage between 2017 and 2018. Objective. To investigate the risk factors, management and outcomes of pregnancies affected by AP. Methods. We conducted a prospective descriptive study in a one-year period at the Pretoria Academic Complex (PAC). All patients who presented with AP were recruited for the study. The demographics, risk factors, management, complications and outcomes were reported using descriptive statistics. Results. One hundred women with AP presented during the study period, representing an incidence of 1% of pregnancies at PAC. Sixtyone percent of the women had caesarean delivery while 37% had vaginal delivery. A minority of women presented with known risk factors of AP in this setting. Two comparison groups were defined based on the degree of placental separation from the decidua, i.e. >50% and 50% AP (43% v. 57%; p=0.002). More women had postpartum haemorrhage in the >50% group (67% v. 33%; p=0.001). Fifty-eight (58%) live babies and 44 (44%) stillborn babies were delivered. Conclusion. The known risk factors of AP were largely absent in women with AP in this setting. The typical clinical findings of AP were late signs associated with severe placental separation. Early resuscitation and delivery of the fetus can positively influence perinatal and maternal morbidity and mortality
Does Atherosclerosis Have Negative Impacts on Early Adjacent Segment Degeneration After Posterior Lumbar Interbody Fusion?

Study Design: Retrospective study. Objective: To examine whether atherosclerosis has negative impacts on early adjacent segment degeneration (ASD) after posterior lumbar interbody fusion using traditional trajectory pedicle screw fixation (TT-PLIF). Methods: The subjects were 77 patients who underwent single-level TT-PLIF for degenerative lumbar spondylolisthesis. Using dynamic lateral radiographs of the lumbar spine before surgery and at 3 years postoperatively, early radiological ASD (R-ASD) was examined. Early symptomatic ASD (S-ASD) was diagnosed when neurologic symptoms deteriorated during postoperative 3-year follow-up and the responsible lesions adjacent to the fused segment were also confirmed on magnetic resonance imaging. According to the scoring system by Kauppila et al, the abdominal aortic calcification score (AAC score: a surrogate marker of systemic atherosclerosis) was assessed using preoperative lateral radiographs of the lumbar spine. Results: The incidence of early R-ASD was 41.6% at the suprajacent segment and 8.3% at the subjacent segment, respectively. Patients with R-ASD had significantly higher AAC score than those without R-ASD. The incidence of early S-ASD was 3.9% at the suprajacent segment and 1.4% at the subjacent segment, respectively. Patients with S-ASD had higher AAC score than those without S-ASD, although there was no significant difference. Conclusions: At 3 years after surgery, the advanced AAC had significantly negative impacts on early R-ASD after TT-PLIF. This result indicates that impaired blood flow due to atherosclerosis can aggravate degenerative changes at the adjacent segments of the lumbar spine after PLIF.
White Wheat Grain Quality Changes with Genotype, Nitrogen Fertilization, and Water Stress

The production of hard white winter (HWW) wheats (Triticum aestivum L.) with acceptable protein content and quality over different environments requires the correct combination of genotypes and management practices. The objectives of this study were to evaluate moisture deficit and N management on grain protein and quality of seven HWW and two soft white winter (SWW) genotypes, and to identify genotypes and traits that minimize grain quality variability. Plots were irrigated during grain fill to replace from 100 to <30% of estimated evapotranspiration (ET). Biomass of three genotypes across the irrigation levels was used as an integrated estimation of plant water stress at late grain fill. Biomass reductions under water stress tended to be higher if plots received high N fertilization. Water stress reduced grain yield, test weight, and kernel weight and diameter. Reducing irrigation increased average grain protein content from 116.4 to 128.3 g kg -1 . Nitrogen treatment did not affect grain yield. Additional N increased grain protein content and hardness for all genotypes. Reductions in test weight, and grain weight and diameter were observed under high N fertilization. High N fertilization would increase the numbers of kernels and extend the grain-fill period, which result in greater water and heat stress. The SWW genotypes had greater reductions in test weight than HWW genotypes with increasing water stress. Among HWW genotypes, late maturing genotypes had larger reductions in test weight than early genotypes. In regions where late season water stress is common, early maturing genotypes are more likely to produce consistent grain quality.
Selection of oviposition sites by wild Anastrepha obliqua (Macquart) (Diptera: Tephritidae) based on the nutritional composition

Few works have studied in detail the types of nutrients associated to hosts which are attractive to females of Anastrepha obliqua (Macquart) and influence the choice of the oviposition site. The relationship of the males in the physiology and in the behavior of those females has also been scarcely studied and some ecological relationships seem to be quite important for the knowledge of this species' biology. Our objective in this study was to evaluate the discriminatory behavior of A. obliqua between oviposition sites containing different nutrients. The presence of the male and the nutritional status of the female were also considered in this work. Two experiments were developed: in the first, the preference of A. obliqua females between artificial oviposition substrates was evaluated; in the second, females were submitted to two types of artificial oviposition substrates in the presence and in the absence of males and were fed either on a poor diet or on an adequate diet concerning sucrose concentration. In the first experiment, A. obliqua showed higher preference for substrates containing brewer's yeast and sucrose. Substrate containing only yeast was the second most accepted. Offspring development and adult feeding may have determined the choice for the substrate containing brewer's yeast and sucrose. In addition, the presence of protein in the brewer's yeast may indicate nutritional quality to the females in a more accurate way than the sucrose. In the second experiment, the brewer's yeast was the most accepted by the females. The male absence was also an important factor in the selection of hosts and in the egg production of A. obliqua.
The Microscopical Features of Mechanical Strains in Timber and the Bearing of these on the Structure of the Cell-Wall in Plants

When wood is subjected to increasing mechanical stress its component parts ultimately undergo changes resulting in permanent deformation or failure. This paper deals with the minute microscopic changes upon which the permanent deformation of wood depends, and with the relationship between the microscopic structure of wood and some of its more important mechanical properties. The work has provided abundant material for a study of the structure of the walls of the cells of which wood is composed. Considerable light has been thrown on the structure and properties of the vegetable cell-wall in general, and it has been possible, from the facts for wood, to frame a hypothesis which seems to explain satisfactorily most of the properties of cell-walls. The examination of the mode of failure in timber, which has led to the work described in this paper, was begun at the request of Lt.-Col. Jenkin, R. A. F. I am deeply indebted to him for the original suggestion of this line of work and for his continued interest during its course. I have derived great advantage throughout the work by discussing various engineering questions, as they have arisen, with Major Robertson, R. A. F. , and I desire to thank him for many helpful suggestions. I am further indebted to him for the supply of many fractured specimens of wood. The research has been carried out, in the course of more definitely applied work for the Air Ministry, in the Barker Cryptogamic Research Laboratory of the University of Manchester. I have to thank Prof. W. H. Lang, F. R. S. , for encouraging me to attempt to relate the facts of the mechanical properties of wood to fundamental botanical questions bearing on the structure of cell-walls in plants.
VITAMIN B12, THIAMINE, AND BIOTIN CONTENTS OF MARINE PHYTOPLANKTON 1

An extraction procedure was developed for determining vitamin B12, thiamine, and biotin contents of marine phytoplankton. Phytoplankters were collected either by centrifugation or by retention on a glass fiber filter, then heated at 100 C for I hr in 100 ml of vitamin‐free seawater acidified to pH 3.5 with HCl. The extract, after debris removal, was filter‐sterilized and analyzed, for vitamin B12, thiamine, and biotin with standard vitamin assay procedures.