Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Localizing Failure Root Causes in a Microservice through Causality Inference

An increasing number of Internet applications are applying microservice architecture due to its flexibility and clear logic. The stability of microservice is thus vitally important for these applications' quality of service. Accurate failure root cause localization can help operators quickly recover microservice failures and mitigate loss. Although cross-microservice failure root cause localization has been well studied, how to localize failure root causes in a microservice so as to quickly mitigate this microservice has not yet been studied. In this work, we propose a framework, MicroCause, to accurately localize the root cause monitoring indicators in a microservice. MicroCause combines a simple yet effective path condition time series (PCTS) algorithm which accurately captures the sequential relationship of time series data, and a novel temporal cause oriented random walk (TCORW) method integrating the causal relationship, temporal order, and priority information of monitoring data. We evaluate MicroCause based on 86 real-world failure tickets collected from a top tier global online shopping service. Our experiments show that the top 5 accuracy (AC@5) of MicroCause for intra-microservice failure root cause localization is 98.7%, which is greatly higher (by 33.4 %) than the best baseline method.
The effects of differences in functional group diversity and composition on plant community productivity in four types of alpine meadow communities

The relationship between species diversity and ecosystem function is one of the core problem of biodiversity research, and productivity is an important modality of ecosystem function. The species diversity of natural communities is often strongly related to their productivity. The grassland is an important component of terrestrial ecosystems and plays a significant role in the biodiversity and ecosystem function. Understanding of how to use natural vegetation to restore deteriorated grasslands is critical for protection of grassland ecosystems. Moreover, the relationship between species richness and productivity relies on scales. At some scales, productivity affects diversity, and at other scales, species diversity also affects productivity. Thus, it is necessary to know the relationship between plant functional diversity and productivity in different grassland types. In 2003 the differences in plant functional diversity, functional composition and productivity in different grassland types of alpine meadow were analyzed. Humans are modifying both the identities and the numbers of species in ecosystems. However, the impacts of such changes on ecosystem processes are still controversial. The effects of functional diversity and composition on plant community productivity were analyzed in four types of alpine meadows. The research results show:(1) the effects of the legume functional group on productivity was greater than other functional groups in Kobresia humlis meadow and Potentilla froticosa shrub. (2) Although the biomass of forbs, C 3 plants and sedge functional groups account for higher proportion of community productivity in Kobresia pygmaca meadow and K. tibetica swamp meadow, differences were not significantly different, indicating that the factors influencing community productivity were not only species diversity, but also the identity of species present and environmental resources. These factors were in turn mainly affected by species diversity and evenness among functional groups. That is, differences in functional group composition have a larger effect on ecosystem processes than functional group richness alone. (3) A significant correlation was found between the coverage per functional group and the primary productivity of communities in the four types of alpine meadows. (4) Changes in productivity with number of species per functional group showed a unimodal pattern, such that the maximum community productivity occured at an intermediate level of number of species per functional group.
Dysbiosis of gut microbiota in inflammatory bowel disease: Current therapies and potential for microbiota-modulating therapeutic approaches

There is a growing body of evidence reinforcing the unique connections between the host microbiome, health, and diseases. Due to the extreme importance of the symbiotic relationship between the intestinal microbiome and the host, it is not surprising that any alteration in the gut microbiota would result in various diseases, including inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). IBD is a chronic, relapsing-remitting condition that is associated with significant morbidity, mortality, compromised quality of life, and costly medical care. Dysbiosis is believed to exacerbate the progression of IBD. One of the currently used treatments for IBD are anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF) drugs, representing a biologic therapy that is reported to have an impact on the gut microbiota composition. The efficacy of anti-TNF agents is hindered by the possibility of non-response, which occurs in 10-20% of treated patients, and secondary loss of response, which occurs in up to 30% of treated patients. This underscores the need for novel therapies and studies that evaluate the role of the gut microbiota in these conditions. The success of any therapeutic strategy for IBD depends on our understanding of the interactions that occur between the gut microbiota and the host. In this review, the health and disease IBD-associated microbiota patterns will be discussed, in addition to the effect of currently used therapies for IBD on the gut microbiota composition, as well as new therapeutic approaches that can be used to overcome the current treatment constraints.
An Introduction to Mining Tourism Route in Yazd Province

Nowadays, mining tourism is known as a strategy for local development and an alternative economy in remote areas. Yazd province is Iran's mineral hub and has a high potential for promoting mining tourism. However, this form of tourism in the province has not been considered as it should. This paper emphasizes on recognizing the mining tourism routes in Yazd province. Field trip and observation method were used in this research, and the results identified four routes (Taft-Mehriz route; west of Meybod city; the route from Yazd to Tabas and The distance between Bafgh and Bahabad) for promoting mining tourism in the province.
The Effect of Using Talking Stick Learning Model on Student Learning Outcomes in Islamic Primary School of Jamiatul Khair,

This study aims to determine the effect of using a Talking Stick model on learning outcomes of Fiqh. The research method used was a quasi-experimental study with a nonequivalent control group design. The population in this study was all students at the Fourth Grade of Islamic Primary School of Jamiatul Khair Ciledug-Tangerang, Sampling was drawn by using a saturated sampling technique in which all populations were used as samples consist of the control class and the experimental class. The instrument of this was a multiple-choice test that has four options. Moreover, the data analysis technique utilized the t-test. The results of the study showed that the mean score of the posttest for the control class was 69.8. Meanwhile, the mean score of the posttest for the experimental class was 77.76 with the standard deviations were 8.55 and 10.02 respectively. Furthermore, the result of the t-test showed that t-count (3,021)> t-table (2,011). This means that the t-count is bigger than the t-table. In other words, we can conclude that there is a significant difference between students who have studied by using the Talking Stick model and students who used conventional techniques.
A Hierarchical Computational Model Inspired by the Behavioral Control in the Primate Brain

The basic cognitive architecture of our brain is still unknown. However, scientists have found evidence for existence of distinct behavioral control systems shared by humans and nonhumans. Inspired by the problem solving systems of the behavioral control in the primate brain, a hierarchical computational model is presented. We focus on the integrative performance of brain substructures, each of which is represented by a problem solver that is further modeled by a certain algorithm. Different levels of brain substructures, as well as the corresponding algorithms, are hierarchically organized both in structure and in function, including how and when higher-order solvers control lower-order ones. Different problem solvers share a same slice of working memory. This novelty is claimed since most of existing brain models emphasize on the neural network structure even though the neuron dynamics of brain is still very controversial. And we compare its performance to three other computational models in the face of a challenging foraging problem. Agents are examined in foraging environment with different sizes, and/or transparent barriers. The experimental results show that our model performed the best outright in most scenarios. Further, the results discover that the virtues of our primate brain lie not only in the heights of thinking it can reach, but also in its range and versatility.
A new route to piezo-polymer transducers: 3D printing of polypropylene ferroelectrets

Here, a promising approach for producing piezo-polymer transducers in a one-step process is presented. Using 3D-printing technology and polypropylene (PP) filaments, we are able to print a two-layered film structure with regular cavities of precisely controlled size and shape. It is found that the 3D-printed samples exhibit piezoelectric coefficients up to 200 pC/N, similar to those of other PP ferroelectrets, and their temporal and thermal behavior is in good agreement with those known of PP ferroelectrets. The piezoelectric response strongly decreases for applied pressures above 20 kPa, as the pressure in the air-filled cavities strongly influences the overall elastic modulus of ferroelectrets.
Computer Based Classification of Diseased Fruit using K-Means and Support Vector Machine

Fruits play a major role in both the agriculture and industrial sectors. Many farmers in India depend on fruit farming. As exporting fruits to other countries make huge profits in the industrial sector, many industries export fruits to other countries. Diseased fruits can spread its disease to other fruits and leads to damage to other fruits. During the export of fruits, if diseased fruits get packed along with fresh fruits then other fruits also get damaged and leads to a huge loss. Classification of diseased and non-diseased fruits should be done to avoid losses. Manual classification of fruits is a very difficult task and also consumes more time. Here, an automatic detection of diseased fruits with Sobel edge detection and support vector machine proposed, which gives an accuracy of 92% in classifying the diseased and non-diseased fruit.
Linguistic, Cognitive, and Psycholinguistic Perspectives on Metaphors

Language is full of metaphors by nature. Metaphors have been heavily studied in relation to language. However, less attention has been paid to metaphors in relation to cognition and psycholinguistics. This article begins by looking at the idea of metaphors in a general sense. It then considers three perspectives on metaphors as follows: 1) the linguistics perspective, 2) the cognitive perspective, and 3) the psycholinguistic perspective. The aim is both to understand different perspectives on metaphors and to provide more insights about how cognitive and psycholinguistic developments have contributed to the linguistic study of metaphors. This article adopts a descriptive approach in which the focus will be on the theoretical descriptions and explanations. It is hoped that the insights and recommendations shown at this article may contribute to deep understanding of this topic.
Evaluation of acute toxicity of the "Orgasept" disinfectant

State Scientific Control Institute of Biotechnology and strains microorganisms, 30 Donetska St, Kyiv, 03151, Ukraine Kharkiv State Zooveterinary Academy, 1 Akademicheskaya St, urban settlement Malaya Danilivka, Dergachivsky district, Kharkov region, 62341, Ukraine Ternopil Ivan Puluj National Technical University, 56 Ruska St, Ternopil, 46000, Ukraine National Scientific Center “Institute of Experimental and Clinical Veterinary Medicine”, 83 Pushkinska St, Kharkiv, 61023, Ukraine State Agrarian and Engineering University in Podilia, 13 Schevchenko St, Kamianets-Podilskyi, Khmelnytskyi region, 32300, Ukraine Sumy National Agrarian University, 160 G. Kondratieva St, Sumy, 40021, Ukraine State Scientific and Research Institute of Laboratory Diagnostics and Veterinary and Sanitary Expertise, 30 Donetska St, Kyiv, 03151, Ukraine Odessa State Agrarian University, 13 Panteleimonovskaya St, Odessa, 65012, Ukraine Kharkiv National Technical University of Agriculture named after Petro Vasylenko, 44 Alchevskih St, Kharkiv, 61002, Ukraine Corresponding author e-mails: kovalenkodoktor@gmail.com, gpkh1966@gmail.com Received: 21.08. 2020. Accepted: 30.09. 2020
Effect of hydroalcoholic Allium atroviolaceum L. on the pathology of testicular tissue in cyclophosphamide-treated mice

Background The most important side effects of Cyclophosphamide, as an anticancer broad-spectrum drug, are the negative effects on the reproduction and fertility because of oxidative stress. Considering the antioxidant properties of medicinal plants, especially those of the Allium genus, this paper studied the effect of hydroalcoholic extract of Allium atroviolaceum L. on the pathology of testicular tissue in CP-treated mice. Methods Groups of this experimental study consisted of normal saline recipients; three groups receiving A. atroviolaceum extract at 50, 100, 200 mg/kg; three groups receiving A. atroviolaceum extract at 50, 100, and 200 mg/g and 6.6 mg/kg of Cyclophosphamide; and a group given Cyclophosphamide at 1.6 mg/kg. All injections were performed intra-peritoneally. After 30 days, the testicular histological profile as well as the number of spermatozoa, the number of primary and round spermatocytes, and the number of spermatogonia were investigated. Results Cyclophosphamide treatment significantly reduced the lumen diameter, the seminiferous tubule diameter, the epithelial thickness, as well as decreased the quantity of spermatozoa and round and primary spermatocytes compared to the control group. Cyclophosphamide groups treated with A. atroviolaceum extract at 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg in a significant manner improved these variables (P < 0.001). Conclusion A. atroviolaceum extract can significantly improve Cyclophosphamide-induced toxicity and pathological process on testicular tissue. It seems that this plant, with high antioxidant capacity, can be considered a complementary therapy for Cyclophosphamide to prevent undesirable effects on the reproductive system.
Distributed Fault Detection For UAV Formation Missions

A network of N uncertain aerial vehicle systems is connected via a Leader-Follower (L/F) configuration. These systems consist of control systems, sensors (propriocep- tive/exteroceptive), and monitoring systems. If unanticipated faults occur in sensors or actuators then the objective is to design the monitoring systems such that the follower vehicles can timely detect faulty behaviour.This can be achieved by the inclusion of a Distributed Fault Detection and Isolation (DFDI) module. The proposed architecture involves the design of a bank of monitoring systems which generate residuals of the propriocetive and exteroceptive state that are compared against designed adaptive thresholds. Through such a procedure, it makes it possible to detect and infer on the faulty vehicle. The proposed methodology shows that the design of the architecture is decoupled from the size of the network, whilst decomposing the entire swarm into configurations of vehicles to be exploited. In particular, in the proposed design these configurations consist of two and three vehicles, respectively. The efficacy of the approach is shown through an example swarm scenario.
Growth response of subarctic dwarf shrubs, Empetrum nigrum and Vaccinium vitis-idaea, to manipulated environmental conditions and species removal

We investigated the growth responses of two evergreen dwarf shrubs Empetrum nigrum and Vaccinium vitis-idaea to environmental manipulations (elevated temperature, increased precipitation and simulated acid rain) and to experimentally altered species composition in a three-year field experiment in the Finnish Subarctic. The responses of these species to experimental manipulations were highly complex, due to species-specific patterns of growth, great inter-annual variation and a high number of interactions between temperature, water and community composition. Both species showed increased shoot growth in the second and third season in response to elevated temperature. Elevated temperature also accelerated the vegetative bud break and shifted the peak shoot growth to an earlier time. The shoot growth of V. vitis-idaea was generally enhanced by additional irrigation, while the growth of E. nigrum tended to decrease in watered plots. Removal of heterospecific neighbours significantly modified growth responses to environmental manipulations. The positive effect of elevated temperature on E. nigrum was usually more profound on mixed species than on removal plots. The shoot growth of V. vitis-idaea was increased most when warming and watering were applied to plots of mixed species composition. The effect of the removal of companion species in turn depended greatly on environmental manipulations. Following the removal of V. vitis-idaea, E. nigrum generally increased branching, especially on open plots, and it increased the size of current shoots on open irrigated plots. However, when temperature was elevated, removal of V. vitis-idaea had negative effect on shoot growth and mass in E. nigrum. In V. vitis-idaea, current shoot size decreased after removal of E. nigrum on plots where either temperature or precipitation was increased. Only the most favourable conditions, on plots with both warming and watering, eliminated the negative effect of companion species removal on V. vitis-idaea. Acid rain treatment had no consistent effect on shoot growth of E. nigrum, while it greatly increased the production of adventitious shoots in V. vitis-idaea. The three years of experimental perturbations modified the shoot architecture markedly due to the effects of treatments on vegetative production per current shoot and the rate of lateral meristems activation. Changes in shoot architecture and phenology may be caused even by a short-term modification of climate and community composition, and may govern the success of these dwarf shrubs in a changing climate.
Analysis of material properties metal sheets for the construction of induction motor

The paper deals with the material properties of metal sheets, which are used for construction of electric rotating machines, especially induction machines. A total of four samples of M330-50A sheets from two different manufacturers were selected. Two samples of sheets were cutting in the longitudinal direction of rolling and two samples of sheets cutting in the transverse direction. This combination of metal sheets was use for the study. The samples were metallographically prepared by sanding, polishing and etching. Metallographic sections were observed on an optical microscope. The approximate chemical composition of each sample was determined by scanning electron microscope (SEM). The electromagnetic behavior of samples, were determined with using measurement of BH characteristics by Epstein frame. Measurement of BH characteristics for both manufacturers was performed in the accordance with relevant standards (CEI IEC 404-2). The results of the investigation were further evaluated and compared. In the last part there is an enumeration of the possibility of influencing electrical properties in dependence on material composition of electrical steels and evaluation of own investigation.
A Test for Unconditional Stability Based on Polynomial Convexification

A theoretical analysis is carried out of the problem of checking the unconditional stability of a linear <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$N$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-port with arbitrary <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$N$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, explaining at length its inherent difficulties. To overcome the algebraic roadblock, an optimization-based method is proposed; the main novelty is that notwithstanding the use of optimization, the problem formulation is specifically chosen so as to guarantee convergence to the global minimum. In particular, recent advancements in the field of convex optimization, mostly unknown to the high-frequency engineering community, are exploited to that end. The result is a method suitable for checking the unconditional stability of linear <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$N$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-ports with <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$N$ </tex-math></inline-formula> up to 4. Higher numbers of ports, although allowed in principle, are not viable with the current combination of hardware resources and software implementation. Several examples of applications are provided, both purely illustrative and from actual circuit designs.
S TUDIES OF P ARASITIC WASPS ( H YMENOPTERA : BRACONIDAE ) IN ASSOCIATION

A survey of parasitoid wasps (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) in Grand Teton National Park reveals undiscovered (but not unexpected) diversity, as well as changes in diversity associated with the bark beetle epidemic and the unusually warm, dry year. Our 2012 survey found nearly the same number of Braconidae subfamilies (18 vs 19) as a 2002 survey (Shaw 2002); a remarkable amount of diversity given that the 2002 survey was based upon five times as many specimens. Eleven species found in this study are new distribution records for the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem (GYE), which points to much undiscovered local diversity. Differences from previous studies are possibly due to the unusual warmth and dryness of spring 2012, along with some influence from beetle kill. We provide a list of parasitoids and predators associated with mountain pine beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins) in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem (GYE), a stepping stone for further research to determine the role of natural enemies in bark beetle outbreak dynamics in the GYE.