Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Stability and Stabilization of Infinite Dimensional Systems with Applications

1 Introduction. - 1.1 Overview and examples of infinite dimensional systems. - 1.2 Organization and brief summary. - 1.3 Remarks on notation. - 1.4 Notes and references. - 2 Semigroups of Linear Operators. - 2.1 Motivation and definitions. - 2.2 Properties of semigroups. - 2.3 Generation theorems for semigroups. - 2.4 Relation with the Laplace transform. - 2.5 Differentiability and analytic semigroups. - 2.6 Compact semigroups. - 2.7 Abstract Cauchy problem. - 2.7. 1 Homogeneous initial value problems. - 2.7. 2 Inhomogeneous initial value problems. - 2.7. 3 Lipschitz perturbations. - 2.8 Integrated semigroups. - 2.9 Nonlinear semigroups of contractions. - 2.10 Notes and references. - 3 Stability of C0-Semigroups. - 3.1 Spectral mapping theorems. - 3.2 Spectrum-determined growth condition. - 3.3 Weak stability and asymptotic stability. - 3.4 Exponential stability - time domain criteria. - 3.5 Exponential stability - frequency domain criteria. - 3.6 Essential spectrum and compact perturbations. - 3.7 Invariance principle for nonlinear semigroups. - 3.8 Notes and references. - 4 Static Sensor Feedback Stabilization of Euler-Bernoulli Beam Equations. - 4.1 Modeling of a rotating beam with a rigid tip body. - 4.2 Stabilization using strain or shear force feedback. - 4.3 Damped second order systems. - 4.4 Exponential stability and spectral analysis. - 4.4.1 Exponential stability. - 4.4.2 Spectral analysis. - 4.5 Shear force feedback control of a rotating beam. - 4.5.1 Well-posedness and exponential stability. - 4.5.2 Asymptotic behavior of the spectrum. - 4.6 Stability analysis of a hybrid system. - 4.6.1 Well-posedness and exponential stability. - 4.6.2 Spectral analysis. - 4.7 Gain adaptive strain feedback control of Euler-Bernoulli beams. - 4.8 Notes and references. - 5 Dynamic Boundary Control of Vibration Systems Based on Passivity. - 5.1 A general framework for system passivity. - 5.1.1 Uncontrolled case. - 5.1.2 Controlled case. - 5.2 Dynamic boundary control using positive real controllers. - 5.2.1 Positive real controllers and their characterizations. - 5.2.2 Stability analysis of control systems with SPR controllers. - 5.3 Dynamic boundary control of a rotating flexible beam. - 5.3.1 Stabilization problem using SPR controllers. - 5.3.2 Orientation problem using positive real controllers. - 5.4 Stability robustness against small time delays. - 5.5 Notes and references. - 6 Other Applications. - 6.1 A General linear hyperbolic system. - 6.2 Stabilization of serially connected vibrating strings. - 6.3 Two coupled vibrating strings. - 6.4 A vibration cable with a tip mass. - 6.5 Thermoelastic system with Dirichlet - Dirichlet boundary conditions. - 6.6 Thermoelastic system with Dirichlet - Neumann boundary conditions. - 6.7 Renardy's counter-example on spectrum-determined growth condition. - 6.8 Notes and references.
A finite-element model of electron transport in radiation therapy and a related inverse problem

The paper considers the Galerkin finite-element approximation of the Boltzmann transport equation for charged particles. The aim is to model the electron transport in biological tissue for the dose calculation and to apply the method to planning of the treatment. The model takes into account multiple Coulomb scattering but it omits brehmsstrahlung and pair production. The differential multiple-scattering cross sections are computed from the screened Rutherford scattering formula by repeated convolutions. In the inverse problem a feasible solution is sought by the Cimmino algorithm. The preliminary simulation results show that refinements for practical situations are worth studying.
Up-regulation of the human gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase regulatory subunit gene involves binding of Nrf-2 to an electrophile responsive element.

The rate-limiting step in the de novo synthesis of the cellular protectant glutathione is catalyzed by γ-glutamylcysteine synthetase (GCS; also known as glutamine-L-cysteine ligase, GLCL), a heterodimer consisting of catalytic (GCSh) and regulatory (GCSl) subunits. Regulation of expression of the human γ-glutamylcysteine synthetase regulatory subunit gene in response to β-NF is mediated by an Electrophile Responsive Element (EpRE) [Moinova, H. , and Mulcahy, R. T. (1998) J. Biol. Chem. 273, 14683–14689]. Oligonucleotide probes corresponding to wild-type and mutant EpRE sequences were used in gel-shift and super-shift analyses to identify proteins binding. Four protein:DNA complexes (a–d) with distinct mobilities were detected when the wild-type EpRE probe was incubated with nuclear extracts from control or β-NF-treated HepG2 cells. Following β-NF treatment, there was an increase in the intensity of a single band, band b. This band was eliminated in gel shifts employing mutant EpRE probes which abolish β-NF inducibility, demonstrating a correlation between band b and transactivation. Super-shift analysis identified JunD, Nrf1, and Nrf2 in the EpRE-binding complexes. Antibodies to Nrf2 completely super-shifted the band b protein:DNA complex. These studies demonstrate that Nrf2 proteins recognize and bind the GCSl EpRE sequence to affect transactivation of the gene.
Nucleon resonances within a dynamical coupled-channels model of πN and γN reactions

H. Kamano, S.X. Nakamura, T. -S. H. Lee, and T. Sato Research Center for Nuclear Physics, Osaka University, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan Yukawa Institute for Theoretical Physics, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan Physics Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA Department of Physics, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan Abstract The nucleon resonances are investigated within a dynamical coupled-channels model of πN and γN reactions up to the invariant mass W = 2 GeV. The meson-baryon (MB) channels included in the calculations are MB = πN , ηN , KΛ, KΣ, and ππN that has π∆, ρN , and σN resonant components. The meson-baryon amplitudes TM ′B′,MB(W ) are calculated from solving a set of coupled-channels integral equations defined by an interaction Hamiltonian consisting of (a) meson-exchange interactions vM ′B′,MB derived from phenomenological Lagrangian, and (b) vertex interactions N → MB for describing the transition of a bare excited nucleon state N to a meson-baryon channel MB. The parameters of vM ′B′,MB are mainly constrained by the fit to the data of πN → πN in the low-energy region up to W = 1.4 GeV. The bare masses of N and the N → MB parameters are then determined in simultaneous fits to the data of πN → πN up to W = 2.3 GeV and those of πN → ηN,KΛ,KΣ and γN → πN, ηN,KΛ,KΣ up to W = 2.1 GeV. The pole positions and residues of nucleon resonances are extracted by analytically continuing the meson-baryon amplitudes TM ′B′,MB(W ) to the complex Riemann energy surface. From the extracted residues, we have determined the N → πN, γN, ηN,KΛ,KΣ transition amplitudes at resonance poles. We compare the resonance pole positions from our analysis with those given by the Particle Data Group and the recent coupled-channels analyses by the Jülich and Bonn-Gatchina groups. Four results agree well only for the first N in each spin-parity-isospin (JP , I) channel. For higher mass states, the number of states and their resonance positions from four results do not agree well. We discuss the possible sources of the discrepancies and the need of additional data from new hadron facilities such as J-PARC.
Seiches and Harbor Oscillations

This chapter presents an overview of seiches and harbor oscillations. Seiches are long-period standing oscillations in an enclosed basin or in a locally isolated part of a basin. They have physical characteristics similar to the vibrations of a guitar string or an elastic membrane. The resonant (eigen) periods of seiches are determined by basin geometry and depth and in natural basins may range from tens of seconds to several hours. The set of seiche eigen frequencies (periods) and associated modal structures are a fundamental property of a particular basin and are independent of the external forcing mechanism. Harbor oscillations (coastal seiches) are a specific type of seiche motion that occur in partially enclosed basins (bays, fjords, inlets, and harbors) that are connected through one or more openings to the sea. In contrast to seiches, which are generated by direct external forcing (e.g., atmospheric pressure, wind, and seismic activity), harbor oscillations are mainly generated by long waves entering through the open boundary (harbor entrance) from the open sea. Energy losses of seiches in enclosed basins are mostly due to dissipative processes, while the decay of harbor oscillations is primarily due to radiation through the mouth of the harbor. An important property of harbor oscillations is the Helmholtz mode (pumping mode), similar to the fundamental tone of an acoustic resonator. This mode is absent in a closed basin. Harbor oscillations can produce damaging surging (or range action) in some ports and harbors yawing and swaying of ships at berth in a harbor. A property of oscillations in harbors is that even relatively small vertical motions (sea level oscillations) can be accompanied by large horizontal motions (harbor currents), resulting in increased risk of damage of moored ships, breaking mooring lines as well as affecting various harbor procedures. Tsunamis constitute another important problem: catastrophic destruction may occur when the frequencies of arriving tsunami waves match the resonant frequencies of the harbor or bay. Seiches, as natural resonant oscillations, are generated by a wide variety of mechanisms, including tsunamis, seismic ground waves, internal ocean waves, and
Roadmapping for mission-led agile hardware development : a case study of a commercial fusion energy start-up Journal Item

Despite several decades of dedicated R&D, fusion, a potentially world-changing energy source, remains decades away from commercialisation. The majority of development thus far has been via publicly-funded programmes led by government laboratories focused on scientific research and in which commercialisation strategy and innovation play a minor role. Generally, such programmes follow a linear model of innovation in which commercial aspects are not considered until later in development. In consequence and without intention, devices not well-suited for commercial application are being pursued. In recent years, however, privately funded fusion start-ups have emerged with the goal of accelerating the commercialisation of fusion. Fusion start-ups are, by necessity, operating on a fundamentally different model of innovation: agile innovation, whereby technology is developed flexibly and iteratively towards an explicit commercial goal. Technology Roadmapping is a method that has been effective for supporting agile innovation but thus far has had limited application to mission-led hardware development. We characterise the key features of the fusion innovation approach and create a novel Technology Roadmapping process for fusion start-ups, which is developed via a case study with Tokamak Energy Ltd. The main elements of the developed process, the resulting Technology Roadmap, and its impact are pre-
Functional profiling of COVID-19 respiratory tract microbiomes

In response to the ongoing global pandemic, characterizing the molecular-level host interactions of the new coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 responsible for COVID-19 has been at the center of unprecedented scientific focus. However, when the virus enters the body it also interacts with the micro-organisms already inhabiting the host. Understanding the virus-host-microbiome interactions can yield additional insights into the biological processes perturbed by viral invasion. Alterations in the gut microbiome species and metabolites have been noted during respiratory viral infections, possibly impacting the lungs via gut-lung microbiome crosstalk. To better characterize microbial functions in the lower respiratory tract during COVID-19 infection, we carry out a functional analysis of previously published metatranscriptome sequencing data of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from eight COVID-19 cases, twenty-five community-acquired pneumonia patients, and twenty healthy controls. The functional profiles resulting from comparing the sequences against annotated microbial protein domains clearly separate the cohorts. By examining the associated metabolic pathways, distinguishing functional signatures in COVID-19 respiratory tract microbiomes are identified, including decreased potential for lipid metabolism and glycan biosynthesis and metabolism pathways, and increased potential for carbohydrate metabolism pathways. The results include overlap between previous studies on COVID-19 microbiomes, including decrease in the glycosaminoglycan degradation pathway and increase in carbohydrate metabolism. The results also suggest novel connections to consider, possibly specific to the lower respiratory tract microbiome, calling for further research on microbial functions and host-microbiome interactions during SARS-CoV-2 infection.
The Policy Trilemma and the Global Financial Cycle: Evidence from the International Transmission of Unconventional Monetary Policy∗

We assess the international spillovers stemming from identified US conventional and unconventional monetary policy shocks by estimating a global VAR model which exploits panel variation on several macroeconomic and financial indicators for a set of advanced and emerging economies. We find that US monetary policy significantly drives equity prices worldwide and, when working via unconventional measures, it also leads to a generalized comovement in shortand long-term rates across countries. Both macroeconomic and financial spillovers are sizable, and in some instances even larger than the effects on the U.S. economy. Countries whose currency is anchored to the US Dollar feature larger spillovers, but this relationship is weak due to the high uncertainty surrounding the estimated effects. JEL Codes: C32, E52, F40
Temporal Characteristics of P-Band Tomographic Radar Backscatter of a Boreal Forest

Temporal variations in synthetic aperture radar (SAR) backscatter over forests are of concern for any SAR mission with the goal of estimating forest parameters from SAR data. In this article, a densely sampled, two-year long time series of P-band (420 to 450 MHz) boreal forest backscatter, acquired by a tower-based radar, is analyzed. The experiment setup provides time series data at multiple polarizations. Tomographic capabilities allow the separation of backscatter at different heights within the forest. Temporal variations of these multipolarized, tomographic radar observations are characterized and quantified. The mechanisms studied are seasonal variations, effects of freezing conditions, diurnal variations, effects of wind, and the effects of rainfall on backscatter. An emphasis is placed on upper-canopy backscatter, which has been shown to be a robust proxy for forest biomass. The canopy backscatter was more stable than ground-level backscatter during nonfrozen conditions, supporting forest parameter retrieval approaches based on tomography or interferometric ground notching. Large backscatter variations during frozen conditions, which may be detected using cross-polarized backscatter observations, can result in large errors in forest parameter estimates. Diurnal backscatter variations observed during hot periods were likely connected to tree water transport and storage mechanisms. Backscatter changes were also observed during strong winds. These variations were small in comparison to the variations due to freeze-thaw and soil moisture changes and should not result in significant forest parameter estimation errors. The presented results are useful for designing physically based and semiempirical scattering models that account for temporal changes in scattering characteristics.
Establishment of Oral Anaerobes during the First Year of Life

Anaerobic species constitute a significant part of the bacterial community of the mouth. Although the time and species involved in the primary colonization of infants are of great importance by forming the basis for further colonization, the development of the oral anaerobic microflora with age is still inadequately understood. In the present study, time and succession of colonization of oral anaerobes were longitudinally examined in 44 healthy Caucasian infants at 2, 6, and 12 months of age. Unstimulated saliva samples were quantitatively cultured on non-selective Brucella blood agar and several selective media for the isolation of anaerobic micro-organisms. The most frequent anaerobic finding in two-month-old infants was Veillonella spp. The Prevotella melaninogenica group also represented early colonizing species, and the frequency increased remarkably during the first year of life, whereas the Prevotella intermedia group organisms seemed to be late colonizers. Fusobacterium nucleatum, non-pigmented Pr.
The phoenix of bipolarity: Reply to Watson and Tellegen (1999).

In their commentary on our review (J. A. Russell & J. M. Carroll, 1999), D. Watson and A. Tellegen (1999) agreed that when various factors, including activation, are taken into account, the structure of self-reported affect includes a bipolar dimension contrasting pleasant with unpleasant feelings. Agreement on this the central conclusion of our review may surprise readers familiar with the widespread claim that pleasant and unpleasant affect are not bipolar opposites but are largely independent of one another.
Cognitive-behavioral therapy as an adjunct to serotonin reuptake inhibitors in obsessive-compulsive disorder: an open trial.

BACKGROUND We report the results of an open trial of cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) using exposure and ritual prevention as an adjunct to serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SRIs) in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). We hypothesized that exposure and ritual prevention would significantly reduce OCD symptoms in patients who remained symptomatic despite an adequate trial of an SRI and enable patients to discontinue their medication. METHOD OCD patients taking an adequate dose of an SRI > or = 12 weeks who remained symptomatic (i.e., a Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale [Y-BOCS] score > or = 16) were eligible. While taking a stable dose of an SRI, patients received 17 sessions of exposure and ritual prevention. For the intent-to-treat group, the paired t test was used to compare scores on the Y-BOCS, the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) Global OCD scale, the Clinical Global Impressions scale, and the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression before and after exposure and ritual prevention. RESULTS Six of 7 eligible patients entered the study, and 5 completed it. All 6 improved on all OCD measures. The mean +/- SD Y-BOCS score was 23.8 +/- 2.6 prior to exposure and ritual prevention and 12.2 +/- 4.3 after it (p < .001). The mean percentage decrease on the Y-BOCS was 49% (range, 26%-61%). Patients were rated by the therapist and rated themselves as much (N = 4) or very much (N = 2) improved. Blood drug levels did not change in most patients during exposure and ritual prevention; thus, the improvement was attributed to this type of therapy. No patients discontinued their medication. CONCLUSION This open trial suggests that CBT using exposure and ritual prevention can lead to a significant reduction in OCD symptoms in patients who remain symptomatic despite an adequate trial of an SRI.
Being Seen and Heard? The Ethical Complexities of Working with Children and Young People at Home and at School

Abstract In the late 1980s and early 1990s a number of key writers within sociology and anthropology criticised much of the existing research on children within the social sciences as ‘adultist’. This has subsequently provoked attempts by academics to define new ways of working with, not on or for, children that have been characterised by a desire to define more mutuality between adult and children in research relationships and to identify new ways that researchers can engage with young people. This paper aims to address some of the ethical complexities that this work has generated by focusing on five areas of ethical concern in relation to research with children in the environments of home and school: consent; access and structures of compliance; privacy and confidentiality; methodologies and issues of power; and dissemination and advocacy. While most of these issues are not necessarily unique to working with children, but underlie many research projects, they are refracted in particular ways in child‐or.
Multi-dimensional signaling with fixed-price repurchase offers

This study presents a signaling model of fixed-price repurchase offers which shows that the proportion repurchased and the premium paid in excess of the stock's full-information value signal both earnings and risk. The model yields four novel implications: high risk firms repurchase smaller proportions at greater premiums, earnings held constant; and high earnings firms make offers for larger proportions at higher prices, but lower premiums, risk held constant. Empirical tests support the implications, even in the presence of alternatives, e.g., free cash flow, optimal leverage, and shareholder heterogeneity. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Strep-tag II Mutant MBP for Reagentless Fluorescence Sensing

Maltose-binding protein (MBP) is a periplasmic binding protein found in gram-negative bacteria. MBP is involved in maltose transport and bacterial chemotaxis; it binds to maltose and maltodextrins comprising α(1-4)-glucosidically linked linear glucose polymers and α(1-4)-glucosidically linked cyclodextrins. Upon ligand binding, MBP changes its conformation from an open to a closed form. This molecular recognition—transducing a ligand-binding event into a physical one—renders MBP an ideal candidate for biosensor development. Here, we describe the construction of a Strep-tag II mutant MBP for reagentless fluorescence sensing. malE, encoding MBP, was amplified . A cysteine residue was introduced by site-directed mutagenesis to ensure a single label attachment at a specific site with a thiolspecific fluorescent probe. An environmentally sensitive fluorophore (IANBD amide) was covalently attached to the introduced thiol group and analyzed by fluorescence sensing. The tagged mutant MBP (D95C) was purified (molecular size, ~42 kDa). The fluorescence measurements of the IANBD-labeled Strep-tag II–D95C in the solution phase showed an appreciable change in fluorescence intensity (dissociation constant, 7.6 ± 1.75 μM). Our mutant MBP retains maltose-binding activity and is suitable for reagentless fluorescence sensing.
Old Malay Manuscript-Based Teaching Materials for Indonesian Literature Course in Senior High School

Indonesian Literature teaching materials have not been developed by Indonesian language teachers in high school. Teaching material is drawn from textbooks and has not been analyzed. The specific purpose of this paper is to develop teaching materials for Indonesian Literature courses based on Old Malay Texts. Old Malay Manuscripts contain many life lessons that need to be explored and to be preserved in the future. In developing teaching materials, the collection of old Malay manuscript is conducted. This research was conducted using research and development (R&D) methods. The results of the study were Indonesian Literature subjects which teaching material derived from old Malay manuscripts. The results of the validation of teaching materials meet the element of readability and have clarity of information, the presentation has fulfilled the elements of clarity of purpose and systematicism, and the graphics use the specified type of letter (font). Keywords— Material Development, Old Malay Manuscript , Indonesian