Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Characterization of the microphysics of ice in tropical convection

Megha-Tropiques is a joint satellite between France and India to study the water and energy cycle in the Tropics. The satellite is part of GPM and provides an exceptional sampling of the 23° S-23° N region because of the low inclination of its orbit (20°) combined with the large swath (1700 km) of its main instrument MADRAS. The latter is a 9-channel passive microwave radiometer dedicated mainly to precipitation retrieval. Bauer et al (2005) showed that the most critical source of uncertainties in the precipitation retrieval over land comes from the ice microphysics characteristics. In the framework of the Megha-Tropiques mission we tried to improve the parameterization of precipitating ice in the radiative transfer model. Datasets from two field experiments (Niamey 2010 and Gan 2011) will be used here. These campaigns were specifically designed to improve our knowledge of the ice categories found in the tropical convection. A combination of ground-based (X and S-band) and airborne (W-band) radars was used in conjunction with in-situ probes for microphysics. We will show some comparisons of Particles IDentification (PID) made from the various polarimetric radars in continental Africa and Indian Ocean with the images from these probes. The main idea here is to combine polarimetric radar data and microphysics in-situ measurements, both acquired during the two campaigns to demonstrate the coherence between PID (Particles IDentificator) classification and the microphysical characterization of the ice particles. This analysis will serve as a base to support the construction of a more “climatological” characterization of the ice depending on the convective features: life cycle, environment, season, etc… This climatology will then be compared with the brightness temperature at 89 GHz and 157 GHz of MADRAS.
A PRAGMATIC STUDY OF THE NIGERIA CENTRE FOR DISEASE CONTROL COVID-19 TWITTER

The emergence of the Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has opened up new horizons of research in different disciplines. Scholars in linguistics have made valuable and tremendous impacts on the language employed for disseminating facts on covid-19. Language came to play a very important role at the peak of the outbreak of the disease by helping the media, particularly on social media (microblogging) platforms (such as Twitter handle, Facebook, WhatsApp, Telegram, Instagram), to disseminate relevant information to the public. In this case, language is specifically designed by writers to ensure professionalism, choice of linguistic and textual styles that must conform to acceptable linguistic principles as well as capture the attention of the target readers. This research studied how language was utilized to create salient awareness in the Twitter messages of Nigeria Centre for Disease Control (NCDC). The main focus was to study the speech acts of the pieces of information given on this platform from February to April 2021, which constituted the second phase of the outbreak. One hundred (100) Twitter texts were randomly selected from the Twitter handle of NCDC. The researchers studied and analyzed the messages based on Searle’s speech act theory. The data were analyzed using both the descriptive qualitative method and the quantitative method. It was discovered that NCDC employed the five illocutionary acts specified by Searle. The researchers concluded that the acts were critical for successful communication.
Clinical Signi�cance of Circulating Exosomal PD-L1 and Soluble PD-L1 in Nasal-type NK/T-cell Lymphoma Patients Receiving VIPD Containing Chemotherapy

Background: Several studies showed that circulating exosomal PD-L1 was associated with immunosuppression and prognosis in cancer patients. However, its prognostic value in extranodal NK/T cell lymphoma (ENKTCL) was poorly understood. Methods: We retrospectively evaluated the prognostic value of pretreatment circulating PD-L1+ exosomes and soluble PD-L1 in the plasma of ENKTCL patients treated with VIPD-containing chemotherapy. Results: A total of 107 ENKTCL patients, including 101 early stage and 6 advanced stage patients were enrolled in our study. Most patients were middle-aged and young male adults, with a male to female ratio of approximately 3.7:1. The 5-year progression-free survival (PFS) and 5-year overall survival (OS) rates were 65.2% and 85.7% for the whole cohort, respectively. For early-stage patients, the L/P-VIPD group had better 5-year PFS than the VIPD group (73.6% vs. 53.7%, P=0.031). Compared with the healthy individuals (n=16), the patients with ENKTCL exhibited signi�cantly elevated exoPD-L1 and sPD-L1 levels in the blood. Five-year PFS and OS rates were signi�cantly lower in the high exoPD-L1 and sPD-L1 group than in the low exoPD-L1 and sPD-L1group. However, no correlation was found between circulating exoPD-L1 and sPD-L1 levels (P=0.12, r=0.45). Conclusions: Our results demonstrated that VIPD-containing chemotherapy combined with radiotherapy was a promising regimen in ENKTCL patients. Circulating exoPD-L1 and sPD-L1 levels were signi�cantly elevated in ENKTCL and might be potential biomarkers for predicting the survival outcomes of ENKTCL patients.
Type Stability in Julia Avoiding Performance Pathologies in JIT Compilation

As a scientific programming language, Julia strives for performance but also provides high-level productivity features. To avoid performance pathologies, Julia users are expected to adhere to a coding discipline that enables so-called type stability. Informally, a function is type stable if the type of the output depends only on the types of the inputs, not their values. This paper provides a formal definition of type stability as well as a stronger property of type groundedness, shows that groundedness enables compiler optimizations, and proves the compiler correct. We also perform a corpus analysis to uncover how these type-related properties manifest in practice.
Temporal and spatial dynamics of pesticide use in three �eld vegetable crops with respect to sowing date and degree days

We analyzed the timing of pesticide treatments for eventual analysis of temporal environmental risks associated with pesticide use in �eld vegetable crops. We also investigated the extent to which timing of treatments re�ected predicted �ight times of pests to gain an understanding of whether farmers followed the model predictions in their decision-making as part of Integrated Pest Management (IPM). The data cover chemical plant protection in �eld vegetable farms in southwestern Finland in 2009–2019. The timing of treatments, made with different pesticides in the weeks following sowing, corresponded with the known phenology of different pests of the three crops. The same was true for the carrot �y, the pea moth and the 2 nd generation of the cabbage root �y when phenological models using historical data were used to predict the timing of treatments. Carrot psyllids, root �ies and pea moths were the most targeted insects in carrot, swede and peas, respectively. Spray frequencies against carrot psyllid increased over time for carrot. The use of insecticides was least for fresh pea. We conclude that farmers acted in accordance with the principles of IPM when practising chemical control. For those species that lacked phenological predictive models in the study years, the degree days for the observed timing of treatments can be used as a starting point if such models are developed in the future. Our results can be used as a long-term baseline in future surveys on the changes in pesticide use and their risks regarding the studied crops.
Development of Pathogen Ascochyta Species of Wild Legumes in Different Media

Ascochyta spp. , which are plant fungal pathogens in the order Ascomycota infect many legume species, causing Ascochyta blight disease and serious yield and quality loss in plants. The disease agent causes typical necrosis and cell death in the aboveground parts of the plant. Wild forms of many legumes, which are among the plants infected by Ascochyta spp. , are important genetic resources in the domestication process and are very important in terms of genetic diversity. Genetic resources are affected and destroyed by abiotic effects such as erosion, flood, fire, etc., natural disasters, and by biotic effects from some important plant pathogens, such as Ascochyta spp. Since it also affects cultivated plants and causes serious yield losses, it is necessary to obtain more information about the development process and conidia formation ability of Ascochyta spp. , which evolved together with the wild form of the plant during the cultivation process. In this study, it was observed whether 107 isolates of Ascochyta spp. isolated from Vicia spp. , Pisum sativum , Lens spp. and Lathyrus spp. developed hyphae and formed conidia in different media [potato dextrose agar (PDA), chickpea seed meal dextrose
Clinico-Demographic Profile of Drug Induced Hepatitis Patients on First Line Anti Tuberculosis Treatment in New Delhi

Background: Drug Induced Hepatitis (DIH) is a serious adverse effect caused by Anti-Tubercular (ATT) drugs. The prevalence of DIH is much higher in developing countries owing to a higher prevalence of pre-existing chronic illnesses like acute or chronic liver disease and viral hepatitis; alcoholism; malnutrition; indiscriminate drug use; and a higher prevalence of advanced and drug-resistant TB requiring long-term treatment. Hence, this study aims to find out the socio-demographic and clinical factors that are associated with DIH. A better understanding of the associated factors would help clinicians in India
INFLUENCE OF TEACHERS’ EXTERNAL REGULATION MOTIVATION ON LEARNERS’ ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT IN PRIMARY SCHOOLS IN RACHUONYO SOUTH SUB COUNTY, HOMABAY COUNTY

: The purpose of the study was to explore the influence of Teachers External regulation Motivation on Learners’ Academic Achievement in Rachuonyo South Sub-County, Homa bay County. The objective was to find out the influence of teachers external regulation motivation on learners academic achievement. The study used parallel convergent design of the Mixed Method Approach and was informed by Self-Determination Theory Needs Perspective. The target populations were 81 head teachers, 324 class eight teachers and 1 SCQASO and sample of 24 head teachers, 97 class eight teachers and 1 SCQASO was established which were selected through purposive, stratified random and saturated sampling techniques respectively. Questionnaires and interview schedules were employed to collect data. Content validity was achieved through supervisor guidance while face validity was enhanced by arranging the questions from simple to complex order. Reliability was enhanced through pilot study. Quantitative data collected was analyzed using descriptive statistics, while qualitative data was analyzed using thematic analysis. On the concern of influence of External Regulation Motivation for Teachers on Learners’ academic achievement, study found that teachers lacked external regulation motivation because they are not motivated through monetary incentives, promotions, sponsored in-service trainings and educational tours. The study concludes that most teachers were not being motivated to put extra effort for leadership roles, nor given monetary rewards and free meals by their employers or school administrations at school, through promotions and sponsored in-service trainings. This implies that increase in extrinsic motivation of teachers helps to influence teachers’ motivation which may promote learners academic achievement. The study recommends that the Ministry of education should organize workshops, seminars, educational tours which are sponsored and monetary rewards offered to teachers. Teachers Service Commission should work on incentive salary and remuneration packages to increase teachers’ extrinsic motivation. A study on Relationship between intrinsic motivation and learners’ performance in primary schools would expound the present study.
Data Visualization in Society

This chapter discusses the multimodality of data visualizations, that is, how they combine multiple modes of expression, such as written language, photographs, diagrammatic elements, and illustrations, in various printed and digital media. Because the medium in which a data visualization is presented determines the modes of expression available, the chapter shows how different media can be pulled apart for multimodal analysis. The proposed approach is illustrated by analysing static information graphics, non-interactive, and interactive dynamic data visualizations.
Effect of Benson’s Relaxation Technique on Pain and Anxiety levels among Burn Patients

: Burn patients experience severe pain and anxiety despite receiving opioid analgesics. Aim: To evaluate the effect of Benson’s relaxation technique on pain and anxiety levels among burn patients. Research design: quasi experimental research design was applied. Setting: The study was conducted at burn unit of Emergency Hospital, Menoufia University and Shebin Al Kom Teaching Hospital. Sample: Purposive sample of 100 adult burn patients was divided randomly and alternatively into study and control group. Tools: 1-Structured Interview Questionnaire cover sociodemographic and burn data; 2-Visual Analogue Pain Scale.3-Beck Anxiety Inventory. Results: There were highly statistically significant differences on pain and anxiety levels between the study and control groups on the 3 rd day and the 5 th day post intervention than pre intervention. Conclusion: Implementation of Benson’s relaxation technique was effective in reducing the pain and anxiety levels among burn patients. Recommendations: Applying Benson’s relaxation technique for burn patients in other places with a large sample to enhance and confirm the current study results.
An online version of Rota's basis conjecture

Rota’s basis conjecture states that in any square array of vectors whose rows are bases of a ﬁxed vector space the vectors can be rearranged within their rows in such a way that afterwards not only the rows are bases, but also the columns. We discuss an online version of this conjecture, in which the permutation used for rearranging the vectors in a given row must be determined without knowledge of the vectors further down the array. The paper contains surprises both for those who believe this online basis conjecture at ﬁrst glance, and for those who disbelieve it.
The Effects of Anodal tDCS Combined with a Selected Balance Exercise Program on Balance Performance and Working Memory in Older Adults

Background Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) has recently drawn attention as an inexpensive, painless, safe, and effective technique to improve motor performance and cognitive function in older adults. This quasi-experimentstudy examined the effects of a selected balance exercise combined with anodal tDCS on balance performance in older adults. Methods Twenty-four older adults (Mean age M±SD= 69.79±5.50) participated in this study. The participants were randomly assigned into a real tDCS or sham tDCS groups. The participants in the real tDCS group received 2 mA anodal tDCS over the left primary motor cortex (M1) for 20 min. The participants performed a selected balance exercise program for 50 min following tDCS. Training was conducted 2 sessions per week for 8 weeks (16 sessions). Berg balance scale (BBS), timed up and go test (TUG) and working memory test (2-back task) were measured before (baseline), after 8 weeks of the training, and 4 weeks of follow-up.
INVESTIGATION OF THE CONCENTRATION OF GLUCOSE PRODUCED FROM PLANTAIN AND BITTER YAM PEELS USING HYDROCHLORIC ACID MEDIUM

: This study contributed to ongoing research on the conversion of waste biomasses into energy and other useful products, by investigating the viability of unripe plantain and bitter yam peels in the production of glucose by acid hydrolysis, using hydrochloric acid. The glucose yields from the waste biomasses were analyzed and compared. The chemical constituents in both untreated and treated waste biomasses were determined using standard characterization techniques; after which the functional groups present in the samples were analyzed using FTIR spectra techniques. The results obtained revealed that the cellulose content of the samples of unripe plantain is higher. It also showed that the cellulose content of the waste biomasses increased after treatment while other constituents decreased; meaning more glucose can be synthesized by acid hydrolysis of the samples. The effect of substrate and acid concentrations were equally studied; which revealed that generally, the yield of glucose increased as the concentrations of the acid and the substrate are increased. Thus, unripe plantain and bitter yam peels are good sources of glucose by acid hydrolysis; though unripe plantain peel yielded more glucose than bitter yam peel.
Elegance and Parsimony in First-Order Necessitism

In his book Modal Logic as Metaphysics, Timothy Williamson defends first-order necessitism using simplicity as a powerful argument. However, simplicity is decomposed into two different, even antagonistic, sides: elegance and parsimony. On the one hand, elegance is the property of theories possessing few and simple principles that allow them to deploy all their theoretical power; on the other hand, parsimony is the property of theories having the fair and necessary number of ontological entities that allow such theories give an account of themselves. Since necessitism endorses Barcan Formulae for the sake of elegance, it is committed to a vast number of contingently non-concrete objects, so one may think that it is not qualitatively parsimonious. I argue that necessitism could be viewed as an additive case in the sense that Alan Baker characterizes the adjective, so quantitative parsimony should be considered when it comes to necessitism instead of qualitative parsimony.
Aerosol and dynamical contributions to cloud droplet formation 1 in Arctic low-level clouds 2

The Arctic is one of the most rapidly warming regions of the globe. Low-level clouds and fog modify the 21 energy transfer from and to space and play a key role in the observed strong Arctic surface warming, a phenomenon 22 commonly termed "Arctic amplification". The response of low-level clouds to changing aerosol characteristics 23 throughout the year is therefore an important driver of Arctic change that currently lacks sufficient constraints. As 24 such,
Stability analysis of three-dimensional slopes under water drawdown conditions

The traditional approaches for evaluating the stability of slopes or earth dams subjected to water drawdown are performed under plane-strain two-dimensional (2D) condition. Three-dimensional (3D) effect is neglected in assessment of the safety of a slope limited by rigid structures or a dam constrained by a narrow valley. Based on the kinematic approach of limit analysis, a 3D rotational failure mechanism is adopted here to investigate the influence of water drawdown on stability of 3D slopes. Several stability charts are presented to conveniently estimate the safety factor of 3D slopes under four different types of drawdown processes. An example is given to demonstrate the difference in the safety factors obtained from 2D and 3D analyses. When a slope is constrained to a large width (the ratio of the width to the height B/H ≥ 10.0), the 3D effect can be neglected and the plane-strain analysis is appropriate to assess its safety.
Infection Control Knowledge and Practices of Dental Clinic Nurses at Rural Health Units

: Provision of dental care is not without risk of exposure to blood borne pathogens for both dental workers and patients. Most exposures to infectious agents in the dental clinics are accidental and can be avoided by using safe work practices and following infection control guidelines. Aim : To assess dental clinics nurses' knowledge and practice at rural health units. Design: A descriptive cross sectional design was used. Setting : It was conducted at 120 out of 175 dental clinics at rural health units of Ministry of health and population in six districts in Menoufia Governorate. Sample : Multistage random sample composed of 120 nurses, who are working in dental clinics' at rural health units of Ministry of health and population from selected six districts in Menoufia Governorate . Tools : Self-administered structured questionnaire included socio demographic data, knowledge of dental nurses as regard to infection control measures, observational checklist of practice of dental nurses and observational checklist of dental clinic. Results: There was 87.5% of studied nurses had good level of knowledge about infection control measures and 12.5% had poor knowledge level. Additionally, there was 82.5%of studied nurses had safe practice about infection control measures and 17.5% had a risky practice. Conclusion : The majority of participating nurses had good knowledge responses of different infection control measures with exception of report injury incident to infection control committee and no extra precautions should be followed when dealing with patient infected with blood borne pathogen. The majority of participating nurses displayed good practices of different infection control procedures, with the exception of hand hygiene practice and using personal equipment. Recommendation: The oral health directorate and infection control directorate should undertake periodic surveys to ensure that the knowledge and skills of oral health care workers are maintained and to identify any weaknesses and modify the training accordingly.
Effect of Anxiety and Depression Symptoms on Pregnancy and Birth Outcome

: Psychiatric morbidity during pregnancy is a major public health concern. World Health Organization (WHO) ranks depression as one of the most burdensome illnesses in the world. Depression is predicted to be the uppermost cause of morbidity by 2030. Anxiety about a particular pregnancy is especially potent, and depressive symptoms in mothers during pregnancy are associated with low birth weight newborns with consequences for infant morbidity. These distinguishable risk factors and related pathways to distinct birth outcomes merit further investigation. The aim of current study was to identify the effect of anxiety and depression symptoms on Pregnancy and birth outcome. Study design: A descriptive correlational design was used, whereby a convenience sample of 150 pregnant women was recruited for this study. Setting: This study conducted at the obstetric outpatient clinic, Ain Shams University Hospitals. Five tools were used for data collection namely, a structured interviewing questionnaire sheet, the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Modified WHO partogram and Apgar score sheet. Results: This study denoted that women with sever anxiety and depressive symptoms during pregnancy exhibit an increased likelihood of having neonates with low total Apgar score (0-6), need for resuscitation and neonatal intensive care unit, As well as a statistically significant relation between all items of obstetric history and different anxiety levels at p value ˂0.001. Moreover, pregnant women who reported sever anxiety and depressive symptoms during pregnancy were more prone to cesarean section, preterm labor and prolonged labor, in addition to statistically significant relation was detected between all birth outcome items and depression symptoms at p value ˂0.001. Conclusion: pregnant women who reported severe anxiety and depression symptoms during pregnancy were more prone to increase need to the neonatal resuscitation, increase chance to prematurity, cesarean section, prolonged labor and preterm birth. Recommendation: Health educational program and campaign about pregnant woman mental and psychological wellness should be conducted. Future researches should be conducted to early detect the common psychiatric health problems in pregnancy.