Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
(2018) Borderline personality disorder: patterns of self-harm, reported childhood trauma and clinical outcome. BJPsych Open, 1 (1). pp. 18-20.

Summary Consecutive admissions of 214 women with borderline personality disorder were investigated for patterns of specific forms of self-harm and reported developmental experiences. Systematic examination of clinical notes found that 75% had previously reported a history of childhood sexual abuse. These women were more likely to self-harm, and in specific ways that may reflect their past experiences. Despite this, treatment within a dialectical behaviour therapy-informed therapeutic community leads to relatively greater clinical gains than for those without a reported sexual abuse trauma history. Notably, greater behavioural and self-reported distress and dissociation were not found to predict poor clinical outcome.
Improving the Timeliness of Data on Influenza-like Illnesses using Google Search Data

Google Flu Trends reports the current flu activity in the US ba sed on search activity indicators. A recent letter to Nature reported how the model was obtained from historical search records. Using internet search activity to improve short-term forecasts is an exciting new development. The letter to Nature shows that it does indeed contain useful information. Recently, however, there has been a dramatic increase in flu activity in the US — an episode that was missed entirely by the Google Flu Trends model. It is shown how the Google Flu Trend forecasts can be robustified, and how the model can be improved. Th e objective of the former is to limit the duration of a forecast failure. The latter sho ws how the forecasts error can be reduced significantly. It turns out that a dynamic model with calendar effects has similar forecast performance as the robustified Google Trends model. Therefore, two furth er models are built that use Google Trends data. These improve on the model with calendar effects. The pooled model is better still, so for the periods considered, search data c an indeed help with nowcasting.
The importance of self-e ﬃ cacy and educational aspirations for academic achievement in resource-limited countries: Evidence from Ghana

Introduction: Research on the in ﬂ uence of academic self-e ﬃ cacy and educational aspirations on academic performance is underdeveloped in resource-limited countries. This study replicates and expands on earlier research that investigated a complex network of relationships between academic self-e ﬃ cacy, educational aspirations, and academic performance. Methods: Data from 4282 adolescents in Ghana and path analysis were used to test the causal pathways, and path invariance analysis was used to assess the moderation role of gender. Instrumental variable techniques were used to validate the path models. Results: Increase in academic self-e ﬃ cacy indirectly accounts for improvement in academic performance through the mediational role of educational aspirations. The e ﬀ ects of self-e ﬃ cacy on educational aspirations, and educational aspirations were stronger for boys than for girls. Conclusions: These ﬁ ndings suggest that in resource-limited countries where the ﬁ nancial burden of schooling tends to be a demotivating factor, interventions that target adolescents' academic self-e ﬃ cacy may be an e ﬀ ective means to boost educational aspirations and academic performance. Interventions should be tailored to meet the needs of all students so that all children can think of school as an important part of their lives and aspire to achieve, now and in the future. Students
A comparison of the efficacy of powered and manual toothbrushes in controlling plaque and gingivitis: a clinical study

Background: Plaque is intimately related to the production and progress of dental caries and inflammatory gingival and periodontal diseases. Good plaque control facilitates the return to health for patients with gingival and periodontal diseases. Daily use of a toothbrush and other oral hygiene aids is the most dependable way to achieve oral health benefits for all patients. Methods: A randomized clinical trial was conducted to compare the efficacy of a powered toothbrush with a manual toothbrush in controlling plaque and gingivitis over a 6-week period. The sample consisted of 60 dental students of both sexes, with ages ranging from 18 to 28 years. The samples were stratified and randomly divided into two groups of 30 by a second examiner using the coin toss method; one group used a manual toothbrush and the other group used a powered toothbrush. Each participant’s gingival index, plaque index and oral hygiene index were assessed on the seventh, 14th, and 45th days on the basis of the assigned toothbrush. Collected data were analyzed and different subgroups were compared using Student’s t -test. Results: A paired t -test revealed a highly significant reduction in the gingival, plaque, and oral hygiene index scores of the manual and powered groups at the first, second, and sixth weeks ( P -value , 0.0001). An unpaired t -test revealed a significant reduction between the plaque index scores of the manual and powered groups at the second week (P -value , 0.05). Another unpaired t -test revealed a highly significant reduction between the plaque index scores of the manual and powered groups at the sixth week (P -value , 0.0001). Conclusion: The subject group using the powered toothbrush demonstrated clinical and statistical improvement in overall plaque scores. Powered toothbrushes offer an individual the ability to brush the teeth in a way that is optimal in terms of removing plaque and improving gingival health, conferring good brushing technique on all who use them, irrespective of manual dexterity or training.
Separating the Dynamical Effects of Climate Change and Ozone Depletion. Part II: Southern Hemisphere Troposphere

Abstract The separate effects of ozone depleting substances (ODSs) and greenhouse gases (GHGs) on forcing circulation changes in the Southern Hemisphere extratropical troposphere are investigated using a version of the Canadian Middle Atmosphere Model (CMAM) that is coupled to an ocean. Circulation-related diagnostics include zonal wind, tropopause pressure, Hadley cell width, jet location, annular mode index, precipitation, wave drag, and eddy fluxes of momentum and heat. As expected, the tropospheric response to the ODS forcing occurs primarily in austral summer, with past (1960–99) and future (2000–99) trends of opposite sign, while the GHG forcing produces more seasonally uniform trends with the same sign in the past and future. In summer the ODS forcing dominates past trends in all diagnostics, while the two forcings contribute nearly equally but oppositely to future trends. The ODS forcing produces a past surface temperature response consisting of cooling over eastern Antarctica, and is the dominant.
University of Birmingham 64Cu-CTS: A Promising Radiopharmaceutical for the Identification of Low-Grade Cardiac Hypoxia by PET

The subtle hypoxia underlying chronic cardiovascular disease is an attractive target for PET imaging, but the lead hypoxia imaging agents 64 CuATSM and 18 FMISO trapped only at extreme levels of hypoxia and hence are insufficiently sensitive for this purpose. We have therefore sought an analog of 64 CuATSM better suited to identify compromised but salvageable myocardium, validated using parallel biomarkers of cardiac energetics comparable to those observed in chronic cardiac ischemic syndromes. Methods: Rat hearts were perfused with aerobic buffer for 20 min, followed by a range of hypoxic buffers (using a computer-controlled gas mixer) for 45 min. Contractility was monitored by intraventricular balloon, energetics by 31 P NMR spectroscopy, lactate and creatine kinase release spectrophotometrically, and HIF1  by Western blotting. Results: We identify a key hypoxia threshold at a 30% buffer O 2 saturation which induces a stable and potentially survivable functional and energetic compromise: LV developed pressure was depressed by 20%, and cardiac phosphocreatine was depleted by 65.5 ± 14% (p<0.05 vs control), but ATP levels were maintained. Lactate release was elevated (0.21 ± 0.067 versus 0.056 ± 0.01 mmol/L/min, p<0.05), but not maximal (0.46 ± 0.117 mmol/L/min), indicating residual oxidative metabolic capacity. HIF1  was elevated, but not maximal. At this key threshold, 64 CuCTS selectively deposited significantly more 64 Cu than any other tracer we examined (61.8 ± 9.6% injected dose versus 29.4 ± 9.5% for 64 CuATSM p<0.05). Conclusion: The hypoxic threshold which induced survivable metabolic and functional compromise was 30% O 2 . At this threshold, only 64 CuCTS delivered a hypoxic:normoxic contrast of 3:1, and it therefore warrants in vivo evaluation for imaging chronic cardiac mirror reductions in PCr:ATP 31 P in patients with failure , and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and correlate with left ventricular ejection fraction and increased has also been diagnosed with , a severe
Combined 2-deoxy glucose and metformin improves therapeutic efficacy of sodium-iodide symporter-mediated targeted radioiodine therapy in breast cancer cells

: Radiosensitization using either metformin or 2-deoxy- d -glucose (2-DG) in various cancer cells has been reported. The present study reveals novel information on combining these drugs to enhance radiosensitization effect in breast cancer (BC) cells. Responses to low-dose Cobalt60 radiation, as well as a newly emerged radioiodine therapy target for BC, that is, sodium-iodide symporter (NIS or SLC5A5) protein, are tested. As therapeutic potential of NIS in BC is often limited due to low uptake and fast efflux rate of iodine, the scope of these two radiosensitizers to further improve NIS-mediated 131 I therapeutic efficacy is explored. Two BC cell lines, MCF-7, and MDA MB231 are tested to optimize minimal drug doses required for radiosensitization. A combination of 2 mM metformin and 20 mM 2-DG with 2 grey (Gy) Cobalt60 radiation shows significant radiosensitization effect ( P = 0.0002). In cells treated with the combination therapy, increased γ H2A.X foci formation was noted. Further, MCF-7 BC cells overexpressing NIS (MCF-7 NIS) was established, and using the optimized drug concentrations, significant radiosensitization ( P = 0.0019) by 50 µ Ci 131 I usage was found to be the case as well. Apoptosis data corroborates with the result of clonogenic assay showing significant increase in apoptotic population upon dual drug-mediated radiosensitization. In case of metformin treatment, lowered adenosine triphosphate (ATP) content of the cell has been observed. The encouraging radiosensitization effect observed using combined 2-DG and metformin may aid in reducing Cobalt60 radiation exposure or for targeted radioiodine therapy in BC cells with NIS expression. This study indicates high potential of this drug combination in sensitizing BC cells for NIS-mediated-targeted radioiodine therapy, which otherwise may have lacked efficacy. on combining the two the two different and measuring using BC cells. We show that a 131 shows significantly enhanced cytotoxicity. To the best of our knowledge, this is also first where radiosensitization effect has shown to enhance NIS-mediated 131 I therapy efficacy in BC cell model.
Warming causes contrasting behavioral responses of predators by changing their prey size spectrum

Global warming challenges predators by changing their abiotic and biotic environment. Although predators may adapt by virtue of behavioral plasticity, few studies have explored this behavior under �eld conditions. We conducted a �eld warming experiment in an alpine meadow using six large open-top chambers that increased mean annual temperature by 0.6°C. We monitored the abundance and behavior of two web-building spider species differing in size and their prey for four consecutive years. Warming reduced the prey biomass and decreased the abundance of short-bodied prey more than long-bodied ones for the larger spiders, and increased the abundance of long-bodied prey for the smaller spiders. As a consequence, warming reduced the abundance of the larger spider and increased the abundance of the small spider by an average of -47.4% and +128.3%, respectively. The web mesh-size of the larger spider decreased by -43.6%, whereas the mesh-size of the smaller spider increased by +79.8%. Structural equation models showed that the behavior of both spider species was the result of warming-induced changes in the prey size spectrum. Our data reveal that predators can behaviorally adapt to warming-induced shifts in the composition and size distribution of complex communities, which is likely to result in altered community metabolism, energy �uxes, and thus ecosystem functioning.
Relationship Between Volumetric Capnography, Ventilation During Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Return of Spontaneus Circulation in an Experimental Model of Pediatric Asphyxial Cardiac Arrest

Purpose To study the relationship between volumetric capnography (VCAP) and arterial CO 2 partial pressure (PCO 2 ) during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and to analyze the ability of these parameters to predict the return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) in a pediatric animal model of asphyxial cardiac arrest (CA). Methods Secondary analysis of a randomized study. Asphyxial CA was induced by muscle relaxation and extubation. CPR was started two minutes after CA occurred. Airway management was performed with early endotracheal intubation or bag-mask ventilation, according to randomization group. CPR was continued until ROSC or 24 minutes of resuscitation. End-tidal carbon dioxide (EtCO 2 ), CO 2 production (VCO 2 ), and EtCO 2 /VCO 2 /kg ratio were continuously recorded.
The influence of social capital on the business performance of women-owned SMEs: The mediating effect of entrepreneurial orientation

This conceptual paper examines the importance of the three dimensions of social capital to the performance of women-owned Small and Medium-size Enterprises (SMEs) mediated by the effect of Entrepreneurial Orientation (EO). The social capital will be measured using structural, relational and cognitive aspect, and the proxy of EO is proactiveness, innovativeness and risk taking. The respondents of this study were the women entrepreneurs in Sabah, Malaysia. This paper highlights the need to promote social capital and entrepreneurial orientation as a way of improving women-owned SMEs performance.
EncephalopathyMR Imaging Findings in Hepatic

SUMMARY: The term hepatic encephalopathy (HE) includes a spectrum of neuropsychiatric abnormalities occurring in patients with liver dysfunction. Most cases are associated with cirrhosis and portal hypertension or portal-systemic shunts, but the condition can also be seen in patients with acute liver failure and, rarely, with portal-systemic bypass and no associated intrinsic hepatocellular disease. Although HE is a clinical condition, several neuroimaging techniques, particularly MR imaging, may eventually be useful for the diagnosis because they can identify and measure the consequences of central nervous system (CNS) increase in substances that under normal circumstances, are efficiently metabolized by the liver. Classic MR imaging abnormalities include high signal intensity in the globus pallidum on T1-weighted images, likely a reflection of increased tissue concentrations of manganese, and an elevated glutamine/glutamate peak coupled with decreased myo-inositol and choline signals on proton MR spectroscopy, representing disturbances in cell-volume homeostasis secondary to brain hyperammonemia. Recent data have shown that white matter abnormalities, also related to increased CNS ammonia concentration, can also be detected with several MR imaging techniques such as magnetization transfer ratio measurements, fast fluid-attenuated inversion recovery sequences, and diffusion-weighted images. All these MR imaging abnormalities, which return to normal with restoration of liver function, probably reflect the presence of mild diffuse brain edema, which seems to play an essential role in the pathogenesis of HE. It is likely that MR imaging will be increasingly used to evaluate the mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of HE and to assess the effects of therapeutic measures focused on correcting brain edema in these patients.
Single-Voxel MR Spectroscopy Panencephalitis: Chemical Shift Imaging and Early-and Late-State Subacute Sclerosing

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) is a rare, progressive, inflammatory neurodegenerative disease. Our aim was to determine the metabolic abnormalities of brain in early-and late-stage SSPE by using MR spectroscopy and to assess areas of involvement in the early stages when MR imaging findings were normal. METHODS: Children with stage II (n (cid:1) 3) or III (n (cid:1) 3) SSPE and 10 healthy, age-matched children underwent MR imaging, multivoxel MR spectroscopy, and short-echo single-voxel MR spectroscopy (SVS). Areas of involvement in the brain were determined with chemical shift imaging. For SVS, 2 (cid:2) 2 (cid:2) 2-cm voxels were placed in the frontal subcortical white matter (FSWM) and parieto-occipital white matter (POWM). N -acetylaspartate (NAA)/creatine (Cr), choline (Cho)/Cr, myo-inositol (Ins)/Cr, and NAA/Cho ratios were calculated. RESULTS: Comparisons of NAA/Cr, Cho/Cr, Ins/Cr and NAA/Cho ratios between patients and control subjects showed significant differences in FSWM and POWM ( P < .01). In patients with SSPE, NAA/Cr ratios in POWM were significantly less than those in FSWM ( P < .01). NAA/Cr ratios in patients with stage II SSPE and those in the control group were not significantly different; this may reflect the absence of neuronal loss. Decreased NAA/Cr, increased Cho/Cr and Ins/Cr ratios, and increased lactate and lipid peaks were found in patients with stage III SSPE. CONCLUSION: MR spectroscopy showed findings suggestive of inflammation in stage II and findings of demyelination, gliosis, cellular
vaccine reduces the high mortality for community-acquired pneumonia in the elderly: An italian regional experience

Background Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is an important cause of illness and death world-wide, particularly among the elderly. Previous studies on the factors associated with mortality in patients hospitalized for CAP revealed a direct association between the type of microorganism involved, the characteristics of the patient and mortality. Vaccination status against pneumococcal disease was not considered. We conducted a retrospective analysis on the mortality rates after a first hospitalization for CAP in north-east Italy with a view to examining especially the role of anti-pneumococcal vaccination as a factor associated with pneumonia-related mortality at one year.
Frontal-midline theta reﬂects diﬀerent mechanisms associated with proactive and reactive control of inhibition

Reactive control of response inhibition is associated with a right-lateralised cortical network, as well as frontal-midline theta (FM-theta) activity measured at the scalp. However, response inhibition is also governed by proactive control processes, and how such proactive control is reﬂected in FM-theta activity and associated neural source activity remains unclear. To investigate this, simultaneous recordings of electroencephalography (EEG) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data was performed while participants performed a cued stop-signal task. The cues (0%, 25% or 66%) indicated the likelihood of an upcoming stop-signal in the following trial. Results indicated that participants adjusted their behaviour proactively, with increasing go-trial reaction times following increasing stop-signal probability, as well as modulations of both go-trial and stop-trial accuracies. Target-locked theta activity was higher in stop-trials than go-trials and modulated by probability. At the single-trial level, cue-locked theta was associated with shorter reaction-times, while target-locked theta was associated with both faster reaction times and higher probability of an unsuccessful stop-trial. This dissociation was also evident at the neural source level, where a joint ICA revealed independent components related to going, stopping and proactive preparation. Overall, the results indicate that FM-theta activity can be dissociated into several mechanisms associated with proactive control, response initiation and response inhibition processes. We propose that FM-theta activity reﬂects both heightened preparation of the motor control network, as well as stopping-related processes associated with a right lateralized cortical network.
Analysis of July-August Daily Precipitation Characteristics Variation in Eastern China during 1958-2000

Daily precipitation data from 740 stations are used to analyze July-August precipitation trends and decadal variation in eastern China.The precipitation is categorized into four types according to the daily rainfall amount: 0.1-9.9 mm/d,10.0-24.9 mm/d,25.0-49.9 mm/d,and above 50.0 mm/d.Special attention has been devoted to their contribution to the total precipitation variation in eastern China.The results prove that total precipitation variation in eastern China is mainly due to the changes of torrential rain.The trend analyses show that the amount of precipitation,the frequency of precipitation,the frequency of extreme precipitation and the intensity of torrential rain have significantly increased along the Yangtze River valley and evidently decreased in North China during 1958-2000.Except for the frequency of precipitation,trends of other indices along the Yangtze River valley are greater than that in North China.The intensity of precipitation has coherently positive trend in eastern China however is not statistically significant in North China.The drought in North China results from the decrease of the frequency for light rain, with the maximum decreasing trend of-3%/10 a,the frequency and intensity of extreme precipitation in this area also have weak decreasing trends.The flooding along the Yangtze River valley in the past decades results from the increase of all sorts of precipitation frequency and intensity.The variations of precipitation frequency,intensity,extreme precipitation frequency and the maximum precipitation along the Yangtze River valley are out-of-phase with those in North China,as indicated by the significant negative correlations between the regional mean time series.The Mann-Kendall tests show that nearly all precipitation indices except the frequency along the Yangtze River valley and the intensity in North China have significant decadal shifts.In response to the decadal shift of East Asian climate in the late 1970s,the precipitation frequency of North China experienced a shift starting from the late 1970s,this kind of precipitation frequency shift is however not apparent along the Yangtze River valley.The decadal shift of extreme precipitation indices along the Yangtze River valley in the late 1970s are more significant than that in North China,with the shifts of precipitation intensity,extreme precipitation frequency and the maximum precipitation occurring around the late 1970s.