Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
High-voltage, diffuse delta rhythms coincide with wakeful consciousness and complexity in Angelman syndrome

Abstract Abundant evidence from slow wave sleep, anesthesia, coma, and epileptic seizures links high-voltage, slow electroencephalogram (EEG) activity to loss of consciousness. This well-established correlation is challenged by the observation that children with Angelman syndrome (AS), while fully awake and displaying volitional behavior, display a hypersynchronous delta (1–4 Hz) frequency EEG phenotype typical of unconsciousness. Because the trough of the delta oscillation is associated with down-states in which cortical neurons are silenced, the presence of volitional behavior and wakefulness in AS amidst diffuse delta rhythms presents a paradox. Moreover, high-voltage, slow EEG activity is generally assumed to lack complexity, yet many theories view functional brain complexity as necessary for consciousness. Here, we use abnormal cortical dynamics in AS to assess whether EEG complexity may scale with the relative level of consciousness despite a background of hypersynchronous delta activity. As characterized by multiscale metrics, EEGs from 35 children with AS feature significantly greater complexity during wakefulness compared with sleep, even when comparing the most pathological segments of wakeful EEG to the segments of sleep EEG least likely to contain conscious mentation and when factoring out delta power differences across states. These findings (i) warn against reverse inferring an absence of consciousness solely on the basis of high-amplitude EEG delta oscillations, (ii) corroborate rare observations of preserved consciousness under hypersynchronization in other conditions, (iii) identify biomarkers of consciousness that have been validated under conditions of abnormal cortical dynamics, and (iv) lend credence to theories linking consciousness with complexity.
Self-reported hypertension as a predictor of chronic health conditions among older adults in Ghana: analysis of the WHO Study on global Ageing and adult health (SAGE) Wave 2

Introduction Hypertension has been identified as a significant predictor of many chronic health conditions. Body Mass Index (BMI) and Quality of Life (QoL) are key determinants of hypertension especially among elderly populations. In this study, we examined the effect of self-reported hypertension (SRH) on chronic health conditions and quality of life among older adults in Ghana. Methods The WHO Study on Global Ageing and Adult Health Wave 2 data for Ghana, collected from 2014 to 2015 was applied in this study. Data for older adults aged 50 years and above were analyzed. Weighted descriptive and inferential analyses were performed using Stata 14. We predicted any potential associations between SRH and chronic health conditions using a corrected chi-square and Coarsened Exact Matching with adjusted odds ratios. Results The prevalence of SRH among older adults in Ghana was 15.8%. This was significantly associated with sex, marital status, religion, place of residence, working status, location/region, health status BMI, and QoL. In all, older adults with poor health status, obese state and high QoL had 3.15, 2.17 and 2.76 odds of SRH respectively [AOR(95%CI)p-value=3.15(1.65-6.02)0.001, 2.17(1.31-3.59)0.003 and 2.76(1.04-7.31)0.041)]. In addition, older adults with SRH were at increased risk of reporting chronic conditions such as stroke, angina, diabetes and cataract. Conclusion Overall, a key observation from this analysis is that SRH (and not only clinically diagnosed hypertension) is significantly associated with co-morbidities. In Ghana, older adults with SRH have increased risk of co-morbidities including diabetes, stroke, angina, and cataract. Interventions to improve the awareness and early detection of hypertension at the population level is key. Controlling hypertension at the population level will reduce prevalence of chronic conditions and increased protection.
The Implications of Passive Investing for Securities Markets

The popularity of passive investing through index mutual funds and exchange-traded funds (ETFs) has grown substantially over recent years, displacing higher-cost active investment styles. A shift towards passive investing could affect securities markets in two key ways. First, it could result in higher correlation of returns and less security-specific price information. Second, it could affect aggregate investment fund flows and market price dynamics. In this context, active mutual funds exhibited persistent outflows in recent stress periods, whereas passive mutual fund flows were fairly stable. ETF flows were relatively volatile, although their link with underlying prices is less straightforward than for other fund types.
Web-Based Technical Appendix to “Accounting for Trade Patterns” (Not for Publication)∗

This web appendix contains additional theoretical derivations and supplementary empirical results for the main paper. In Section A.2, we report additional derivations for our theoretical framework from Section 2 of the paper. In Section A.3, we provide further detail on our structural estimation approach from Section 3 of the paper. In Section A.4, we report further information on the data sources and denitions for our U.S. and Chilean data from Section 4 of the paper. In Section A.5, we report additional empirical results using our U.S. data that supplement those from Section 5 of the paper. In Section A.6, we replicate all of our empirical results from Section 5 of the paper, but using Chilean data instead of U.S. data. In Section A.7, we show that our theoretical approach allows for unobserved dierences in product composition within observed product categories.
S0031182019001732jra 873..888

Reliable diagnosis of human helminth infection(s) is essential for ongoing disease surveillance and disease elimination. Current WHO-recommended diagnostic assays are unreliable in lowendemic near-elimination settings and typically involve the invasive, onerous and potentially hazardous sampling of bodily fluids such as stool and blood, as well as tissue via biopsy. In contrast, diagnosis by use of non-invasive urine sampling is generally painless, more convenient and low risk. It negates the need for specialist staff, can usually be obtained immediately upon request and is better accepted by patients. In some instances, urine-based diagnostic assays have also been shown to provide a more reliable diagnosis of infection when compared to traditional methods that require alternative and more invasive bodily samples, particularly in low-endemicity settings. Given these relative benefits, we identify and review current research literature to evaluate whether non-invasive urine sampling is currently exploited to its full potential in the development of diagnostic tools for human helminthiases. Though further development, assessment and validation are needed before their routine use in control programmes, low-cost, rapid and reliable assays capable of detecting transrenal helminthderived antigens and cell-free DNA show excellent promise for future use at the point-ofcare in high-, mediumand even low-endemicity elimination settings.
Primary care practitioner diagnostic action when the patient may have cancer: a vignette survey in 20 European countries

Background Cancer survival rates vary widely between European countries, with differences in timeliness of diagnosis thought to be one key reason. There is little evidence on the way in which different healthcare systems influence Primary Care Practitioners’ (PCPs’) referral decisions in patients that could have cancer, and how this links with cancer survival. This study aimed to explore PCPs’ diagnostic actions in patients with symptoms that could be due to cancer, how they vary across European countries with marked differences in socio-economic development, healthcare investment and organisation, and how they relate to cancer survival rates. Methods A primary care study, with centres in twenty European countries with widely varying cancer survival rates. The on-line survey of PCPs used vignettes describing four patients with symptoms that could indicate cancer (lung, ovary, breast and colorectal). PCPs were asked how they would manage these patients. Correlations between the likelihood of taking immediate diagnostic action and physician characteristics were calculated. The likelihood of taking immediate diagnostic action in the different participating countries was also analysed, as well as the correlation with national 1-year relative cancer survival rates. Results A total of 2,086 PCPs answered the survey question, with a median of 72 PCPs per country. PCPs’ likelihood of organising a diagnostic test and/or referring to a specialist at the first consultation varied from 50 to 82% between countries PCPs who were more experienced, were working in more remote areas, or worked alone or in smaller practices, were more likely to take immediate diagnostic action than their peers. There was a significant negative correlation between national healthcare expenditure levels and likelihood of immediate diagnostic action (r=–0.55, P=0.012). However, there was no significant correlation between the likelihood of taking immediate diagnostic action and cancer survival (r=–0.27, P=0.278). Conclusions Europe shows large between-country variations in PCPs’ diagnostic action rates for patients who could have cancer. These are linked with differences in healthcare organisation and levels of healthcare investment.
ctDNA monitoring using patient-specific sequencing and integration of variant reads

Integration of variant reads across patient-specific mutation loci enables sensitive ctDNA quantification in plasma cell-free DNA sequencing data. INVARiable progress detecting tumor DNA The analysis of tumor DNA in a patient’s blood offers a noninvasive way to detect cancer and monitor responses to therapy. The samples are much easier to obtain than a conventional biopsy, and they may be more representative of the variety of mutations found in a given tumor. Unfortunately, the sensitivity of circulating DNA analysis is limited by the amount of tumor DNA in the blood and by the methods of detection. A pipeline for integration of variant reads (INVAR) designed by Wan et al. offers a way to use a patient’s individual tumor sequencing data to monitor for signs of relapse with greater sensitivity. Circulating tumor-derived DNA (ctDNA) can be used to monitor cancer dynamics noninvasively. Detection of ctDNA can be challenging in patients with low-volume or residual disease, where plasma contains very few tumor-derived DNA fragments. We show that sensitivity for ctDNA detection in plasma can be improved by analyzing hundreds to thousands of mutations that are first identified by tumor genotyping. We describe the INtegration of VAriant Reads (INVAR) pipeline, which combines custom error-suppression methods and signal-enrichment approaches based on biological features of ctDNA. With this approach, the detection limit in each sample can be estimated independently based on the number of informative reads sequenced across multiple patient-specific loci. We applied INVAR to custom hybrid-capture sequencing data from 176 plasma samples from 105 patients with melanoma, lung, renal, glioma, and breast cancer across both early and advanced disease. By integrating signal across a median of >105 informative reads, ctDNA was routinely quantified to 1 mutant molecule per 100,000, and in some cases with high tumor mutation burden and/or plasma input material, to parts per million. This resulted in median area under the curve (AUC) values of 0.98 in advanced cancers and 0.80 in early-stage and challenging settings for ctDNA detection. We generalized this method to whole-exome and whole-genome sequencing, showing that INVAR may be applied without requiring personalized sequencing panels so long as a tumor mutation list is available. As tumor sequencing becomes increasingly performed, such methods for personalized cancer monitoring may enhance the sensitivity of cancer liquid biopsies.
Creating misinformation: how a headline in The BMJ about covid-19 spread virally

The spread of the novel coronavirus has been accompanied by a viral spread of misinformation. Misinformation is easily created, as shown by a recent news story in The BMJ about a preprint, claiming that “a third of covid-19 patients admitted to UK hospitals die. ”1 On Twitter, The BMJ added “putting the fatality rate on par with Ebola,” on the basis of a quote from one of the study’s authors. Unsurprisingly, this generated news …
Thermodynamic limit of the six-vertex model with reflecting end

We study the thermodynamic limit of the six-vertex model with domain wall boundary and reflecting end. We have found a number of special points where the partition function is directly obtained. We take the homogeneous limit of the Tsuchiya determinant formula of the partition function. This determinant formula satisfies the bidimensional Toda equation. We exploit this fact in order to take the thermodynamic limit and obtain the free energy of the six-vertex model with reflecting end. We successfully determined the free energy and entropy in the disordered regime.
Cover Crops and Landscape Position Effects on Nitrogen Dynamics in Plant-Soil-Water Pools

Nitrogen dynamics and water quality benefits deriving from the use of cover crops (CCs) are mostly incurred from plot-scale studies without incorporating large-scale variability that is induced by landscape positions. Our understanding of how topography affects the N response in CC systems is limited. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the effects of topography (shoulder, backslope, and footslope) and CCs (cereal rye, Secale cereale L. and hairy vetch, Vicia villosa L.) on nitrogen (N) uptake, soil inorganic N content (nitrate-N, NO3-N and total N, TN), and N leaching in watersheds that were planted with or without CCs. The crop rotation in CC watersheds was corn (Zea mays L.)-cereal rye-soybean (Glycine max L.)-hairy vetch whereas control watersheds had corn-no CC-soybean-no CC rotation. Data from the watersheds was collected for three cash crop seasons and three CC seasons from 2015 to 2018. Nitrogen uptake of hairy vetch in CC watersheds was 110.9, 85.02, and 44.89 kg ha−1 higher at the shoulder, backslope, and footslope positions, when compared to shoulder, backslope, and footslope positions of no CC watersheds. About 12 to 69% reduction in soil solution NO3-N and TN was observed with cereal rye CC when compared to no CCs watersheds. However, reductions in soil solution N concentrations were only seen at the footslope position where the hairy vetch reduced NO3-N and TN concentrations by 7.71 and 8.14 mg L−1 in CC watersheds compared to no CC watersheds. During the corn and soybean growing seasons, similar reductions in soil solution N concentration were only seen at the footslope position in the CC watersheds. The excessive N at footslope positions of CC watersheds may have been fixed in CC biomass, immobilized, or lost through denitrification stimulated by higher water availability at the footslope position. The results of this research can help farmers and stakeholders to make decisions that are site-specific and topographically driven for the management of CCs in row-cropped systems.
Co-digestion of swine excreta associated with increasing levels of crude glycerin

The objective of this research was to evaluate the performance of anaerobic co-digestion of swine excreta associated with increasing doses of crude glycerin and different hydraulic retention times (HRT). A completely randomized design was adopted in a 3 × 4 factorial arrangement composed of three HRT (10, 17, and 24 days) and four crude glycerin doses (0, 5, 10, and 15 g/100 g of total solids [TS]), with four replications per treatment. The assessed parameters were: biogas production potential, reductions of volatile solids (VS), chemical oxygen demand (COD), and most probable number of total and thermotolerant coliforms. The biogas production per added VS presented quadratic effect at 17 and 24 days of HRT, with ideal doses of 5.5 and 5.9 g of crude glycerin/100 g TS, respectively. There was no difference among glycerin doses at 10-day HRT for VS reductions; however, at HRT of 17 and 24 days, there were differences, with greater reduction of 61.1% for 5 g of crude glycerin/100 g TS at 24-day HRT. The COD reduction values showed an effect among retention times, in which the 24-day HRT provided the best results. Reductions in coliforms were greater than 99%, with no difference among treatments. Addition of 5 to 6 g of crude glycerin/100 g TS with a 24-day HRT is more effective in biogas production and reduction of VS, COD, and coliforms from co-digestion of swine excreta.
How Incivility on Partisan Media (De)Polarizes the Electorate

Partisan media—typically characterized by incivility—has become a defining element of the American political communication environment. While scholars have explored the consequences of partisan media for political attitudes and behaviors, little work has looked at how variations in incivility moderate partisan media’s effects. Using a population-based survey experiment, we show that incivility affectively depolarizes partisans when it comes from an in-party source (e.g., MSNBC for Democrats, Fox News for Republicans). Incivility on out-party sources affectively polarizes the audience, however, and we show that the respondent’s degree of conflict aversion conditions these effects. Our results raise intriguing normative questions about the trade-offs between polarization and incivility and highlight how scholars must account for both levels of incivility and partisan slant when studying the effects of partisan media.
Prediction of Power Generation by Offshore Wind Farms Using Multiple Data Sources

In this study we evaluated the wind resources of wind farms in the Changhua offshore area of Taiwan. The offshore wind farm in Zone of Potential (ZoP) 26 was optimized through an economic evaluation. The annual energy production (AEP) of the offshore wind farm in ZoP 26 was predicted for 10 and 25 years with probabilities of 50%, 75%, and 90% by using measured mast data, measure-correlate-predict (MCP) data derived from Modern-Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications (MERRA), and Central Weather Bureau (CWB) data. When the distance between the turbines in a wind farm was decreased from 12D to 6D, the turbine number increased from 53 to 132, while the capacity factor decreased slightly from 48.6% to 47.6%. MCP data derived from the inland CWB station with similar levels of wind resources can be used to accurately predict the power generation of the target offshore wind farm. The use of MCP with mast data as target data, together with CWB and MERRA data as reference data, proved to be a feasible method for predicting offshore wind power generation in places where a mast is available in a neighboring area.
A comparison of the galaxy peculiar velocity field with the PSCz gravity field - a Bayesian hyper-parameter method

We constructed a Bayesian hyper-parameter statistical method to quantify the difference between predicted velocities derived from the observed galaxy distribution in the IRAS-PSCz (Point Source Catalogue Redshift) survey and peculiar velocities measured using different distance indicators. In our analysis, we find that the model–data comparison becomes unreliable beyond 70 h −1 Mpc because of the inadequate sampling by the IRAS survey of prominent, distant superclusters, like the Shapley Concentration. On the other hand, the analysis of the velocity residuals shows that the PSCz gravity field provides an adequate model to the local, ≤70 h −1 Mpc, peculiar velocity field. The hyper-parameter combination of ENEAR, SN, A1SN and SFI++ catalogues in the Bayesian framework constrains the amplitude of the linear flow to be β = 0.53 ± 0.014. For an rms density fluctuation in the PSCz galaxy number density σ gal 8 = 0.42 ± 0.03, we obtain an estimate of the growth rate of density fluctuations f σ 8(z ∼ 0) = 0.42 ± 0.033, which is in excellent agreement with independent estimates based on different techniques.
An Innovative Approach to Stakeholder Theory: application in spanish transnational corporations

Objective – This paper describes a different perspective on the application of stakeholder theory, concentrating only on the interests of stakeholders rather than on their roles. The purpose of this article is to provide an option for solving Jensen’s “problem of governance”; this approach will allow the agent to manage the stakeholders having ascertained that the needs of stakeholders overlap and, accordingly, the agent should be able to monitor multiple stakes as they are aligned. Design/methodology/approach – A Delphi method was used with the aim to achieve consensus about the interests of stakeholders for companies in Spain. The confirmatory phase was based on interviews to test whether the interests identified in the preliminary study match the interests that the IBEX-35 firms recognized in relation with their stakeholders. Findings – The main contributions are: the addition of a new interestbased perspective to the different classifications made by stakeholder theory; a solution to the diversity of indicators between stakeholders and shareholders; and, finally, a proposal for an integrated accounting system, incorporating economic as well as social issues employing a common metric (monetary). Practical implications – A new perspective focusing on stakeholder interests and the confirmation that interests may converge permits the control and management of multiple principals in transnational corporations operating in different countries. Originality/value – There is a gap in the applicability of stakeholder management that the interest-based perspective can help resolve; moreover the monetization of social value is an option to efficiently manage transnational corporations.
Teaching Nash Equilibrium and Strategy Dominance: A Classroom Experiment on the Beauty Contest

The aim of this investigation is to show how the use of classroom experiments may be a good pedagogical tool to teach the Nash equilibrium (NE) concept. For our purposes, the basic game is a repeated version of the Beauty Contest Game (BCG), a simple guessing game in which repetition lets students react to other players' choices and converge iteratively to the equilibrium solution. We perform this experiment with undergraduate students with no previous training in game theory. After four rounds, we observe a clear decreasing tendency in the average submitted number in all groups. Thus, our findings prove that by playing a repeated BCG, students quickly learn how to reach the NE solution.
COSS Measurements for Superjunction MOSFETs : Limitations and Opportunities

Small-signal measurements of output capacitance (COSS) are ubiquitous in power semiconductor datasheets and determine critical features of power converters. For silicon superjunction power MOSFETs (SJs), we report COSS measurements with two key anomalies: variation with ac perturbation frequency and hysteresis with dc sweep direction. Using mixed-mode simulations, we attribute the frequency shift to the fundamental SJ structure and find that dc hysteresis is caused by charge trapping from uneven depletion fronts. We show that COSS measurements on SJs do not accurately characterize large-signal operation, underestimating stored energy by up to four times and giving no indication of COSS losses.
Macro-Finance

Macro-finance addresses the link between asset prices and economic fluctuations. Many models reflect the same rough idea: the market's ability to bear risk varies over time, larger in good times, and less in bad times. Models achieve this similar result by quite different mechanisms, and I contrast their strengths and weaknesses. I outline how macro-finance models may illuminate macroeconomics, by putting time-varying risk aversion, risk-bearing capacity, and precautionary savings at the center of recessions rather than variation in "the" interest rate and intertemporal substitution. I emphasize unsolved questions and profitable avenues for research.