Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Challenges and opportunities to reduce the burden of cervical cancer in a low income, high HIV prevalence context

BackgroundCervical cancer is a leading cause of death among Cameroon women. The burden of cervical cancer is in part traceable to the inadequate understanding of contextual determinants of access to expanding screening and prevention opportunities. We explored multilevel individual, community and structural factors that facilitate or inhibit cervical cancer prevention in women at risk in a high HIV prevalence context. MethodsWe utilized an exploratory qualitative approach to obtain data through focus group discussions and in-depth interviews. A two-stage sampling strategy was used to select 80 women and 20 men who participated in 8 focus group discussions and 8 in-depth interviews. The socio-ecological model guided the analysis of data to identify micro, meso and macro level determinants of cervical cancer screening. ResultsMicro-level factors-low level of awareness and knowledge about cervical cancer, lack of access to information about screening, low risk perceptions, poor health seeking behaviors and excessive cost of cervical cancer screening were major barriers for women seeking cervical cancer screening. Meso-level factors, such as social networks, socio-cultural norms, perceptions of the role of men and HIV-related stigma when screening is integrated into HIV care, also engender negative attitudes and behaviors. Poorly equipped health facilities and a lack of national cancer prevention policies and programs were among macro-level barriers limiting access to cervical cancer screening. ConclusionThe success of efforts to reduce the burden of cervical cancer in Cameroon rests on eliminating the myriad individual, familial, community and structural factors that limit access to screening among women in the study communities.
Genetic characterization of rhesus macaque populations along the southeastern Qinghai-Tibetan plateau based on a mitochondrial ATP6 gene closely related to energy metabolism

Background Rhesus macaque ( Macaca mulatta ) is widely distributed in China, across different altitudes. The mitochondrial ATP6 gene,an ATPase subunit coding gene with fast evolution rate in the mitochondrial genome, plays an important role in the energy metabolism of animals, which may be a good molecular marker for studying the adaptive evolution of animals. Herein, we detected ATP6 genes of 334 rhesus macaques of 19 populations from multiple regions in China with an elevation span of 5-4000m, and mainly carried out the population genetic and evolutionary analysis in these macaques. Our aim is to explore the molecular mechanism of rhesus macaques in adapting to different environments, especially in high altitude extreme environments. Results A total of 50 haplotypes were identified, and significant differences were found in haplotype sequences of rhesus macaque ATP6 gene at different elevations, especially in the high altitude haplotypes with multiple specific variation sites, leading to some region-specific haplotypes. Population genetic analysis showed that rhesus macaque had high genetic diversity ( Pi =0.02332 ± 0.00226, Hd =0.802 ± 0.022 and K =14.982), and there was obvious genetic differentiation among different geographical populations. Conclusions The results showed that the ATP6 gene had undergone adaptive evolution in the process of rhesus macaque adapting to different elevations, especially the high altitude environments. We also found that geographical isolation was an important factor in the genetic differentiation of rhesus macaque. Phylogenetic analysis showed that there were two subspecies of rhesus macaque in western Sichuan, namely, M. m. lasiotus and M. m. vestita , the former distributed in the western Sichuan region of the Yalong River Basin and the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, while the latter distributed in the Dadu River Basin and northwest Sichuan. We speculated that the Daxueshan Mountains in western Sichuan was a critical geographical barrier for the differentiation of the two subspecies populations.
Kidney graft survival at a year, clinical evolution and associated factors in transplant patients with pre-existing diabetes

Kidney transplantation (KT) in patients with pre-existing diabetes is seldomly studied. The aim of the study was to show the 10-year experience of patients with diabetes mellitus before the surgical procedure and their clinical evolution after a year. A retrospective cohort (2009-2018) was analyzed.The clinical and biochemical data were obtained from patient files after the transplant including a year of follow-up. For nominal variables, the data are shown in medians and interquartile ranges.The risk factor analysis was performed using logistic regression. p values of less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Data were analyzed with SPSSw version 25. Patient survival was 95.34% for the total cohort versus 90.91 in diabetic patients, while graft survival was 90.25% versus 82.95%, respectively.The risk factor for lower patient survival was found related to the deceased donor (OR 8.55,95% CI 1.006-72.79, p 0.049). The risk factors for lower kidney graft survival were the deceased donor (OR 5.41,95% CI 1.40-20.85, p 0.014), delayed function (OR 19.05,95% CI 2.23-162.79, p 0.007) and acute dysfunction (OR 18.13,95% CI 2.07-158.15, p 0.009). KT in patients with pre-existing diabetes has a good prognosis at a year. There was a lower survival rate for both the patient and the graft compared to non-diabetic recipients at our center. *Correspondence to: Juan Carlos H Hernández Rivera, Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Nefrológicas, UMAE, Hospital de Especialidades Bernardo Sepúlveda Gutiérrez, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI. IMSS, Av. Cuauhtémoc 330, Col. Doctores, México, D. F. , CP 06722, Tel: 5559664384; E-mail: juancarloshhernandezrivera@hotmail.com
Computational fluid dynamics modelling to design and optimise power kites for renewable power generation

Power kites provide the potential rewards of obtaining the disused energy supply from high altitude wind. This paper aims to provide a design of Power kite and optimise the potential for renewable power generation. The Power kite was modelled using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) to study its characteristics. The numerical modelling results were compared against the wind tunnel experimental study and two 3D printed Power kites. The design was optimised using several variables, including aerofoil choice, surface roughness, wind speed and operating parameters. Attempts at optimising the kite design were implemented. The results suggest that operating the kites at minimum 15 m horizontal separation is favourable, with the trailing kite operating below the leading, removing the potential for this kite to operate in the wake turbulence of the first. As the wind speed is generally very low at low altitudes, it is recommended to use a symmetrical aerofoil for the kite design, as these tend to produce greater lift with low Reynolds airflow. This paper presents relevant, applicable data which can be used for predicting the performance, and potentially optimising further Power kite designs.
Risk Factor Analysis for Anastomotic Leakage after Lower Rectal Cancer Resection: A Retrospective Single-Center Study

Background We investigated the correlation between surgery-related factors and the incidence of leakage after low anterior resection (LAR) for lower rectal cancer. Methods A total of 630 patients underwent colorectal surgery between 2011 and 2014 in our department. Of these, 97 patients (15%) underwent LAR, and are the subjects of this retrospective study. Temporary ileostomy was performed for each patient.Results Anastomotic leakage occurred in 21 patients (21.7%). Univariate analysis showed that operative duration (p=0.0051), transanal hand-sewn anastomosis (p=0.0141), and operation procedure (p=0.0191) were significantly associated with the incidence of leakage. Multivariate analysis showed that underlying disease (p=0.044), transanal hand-sewn anastomosis (p=0.0188), and drain type (p=0.0251) were significantly associated with the incidence of leakage. The propensity score analysis results showed that closed drainage was associated with 6.3 times more postoperative blood loss (mls) in patients experiencing anastomotic leakage compared with open drainage, in the inverse probability of treatment-weighted analysis.Conclusions Our results showed that underlying disease, transanal hand-sewn anastomosis, and the drain type may be risk factors for developing anastomotic leakage after LAR for lower rectal cancer. The notable finding was that the type of drainage was related to the incidence and volume of anastomotic leakage: open drainage was correlated with the incidence of leakage, and closed drainage was correlated with the volume of anastomotic leakage.
Role of posteromedial plating in medial condylar fractures of Tibia

Introduction: The purpose of this study is to define “Role of Posteromedial Plating in medial condylar fractures of Tibia” Therefore, describing the surgical approach to a general orthopaedic surgeon, highlighting the relevant anatomy of posteromedial surgical approach and presenting our experience in treating patients with Posterior tibial shear fracture treating a series of 14 patients using posteromedial approach. Materials and methods: In our study of 14 patients who sustained high velocity posterior-medial tibial plateau fracture. The mean age was 42 years (range 30 to 50 yr). Posteromedia surgical approach used for fracture reduction and stabilisation with plate. The patients were followed up at regular interval postoperatively and Oxford Knee Score and Lyshom Score was used to assess final outcome. Results: 42 (range 40 to 44) was the average OKS score at the end of one year. The post-operative clinical measures were early non weight bearing, ROM to reduce post-operative complication & improve functional outcome. According to oks and lyshom scores the rate of post-operative complications & functional outcome was significantly better as evident by 100% showing good to excellent results at the time of full weight bearing. Conclusion: Buttress/Antiglide plate are usually needed to reduce the fractures anatomically in medial tibial plateau shear fractures which are otherwise irreducible by conventional approaches to achieving absolute stability and mobilise early, NWB, ROM of the knee joint to optimize the functional outcomes and minimise the complications, without the need for revision surgery.
Multivariate Analysis of Morphometric Differentiation in the Red Sokoto and Boer Goats

| The study was conducted to evaluate morphological variability of Red Sokoto and exotic Boer goat breeds at the Centre for Dryland Agriculture farm, Bayero University, Kano, Nigeria using multivariate discriminant analysis. Nineteen morphometric traits (wither height, body length, cannon length, lateral length, heart girth, chest depth, hip width, hip length, hip height, neck length, head circumference, face length, face width, shoulder width, right ear length, left ear length, right horn length, left horn length and tail length) and live body weight of each animal were measured. In the prediction of body weight, the multiple regressions found nine parameters to be significant (P<0.05) for Red Sokoto (FL, CL, LL, HW, SW, HC, HH, RHL and HL) and Boer goats (HG, BL, WH, REL, FL, SW, NL, FW and HH) with R2 values of 29 and 80%, respectively. The stepwise discriminant analysis revealed that right ear length followed by left ear length, left horn length, tail length, head circumference, neck circumference, neck length and body weight had significant discriminating power on the two goat breeds studied. The between–breeds Mahalanobis distance matrix was significant (P<0.0001) and this shows the existence of measurable group differences between the two goat breeds studied. The genetic potential due to the larger body weight and morphometric traits of the Boer compared to the Red Sokoto breed gives it an advantage for selection as meat purpose breed. The phenotypic differences obtained in this study could be complemented with further molecular analysis that could assist in the conservation and improvement of the indigenous breeds through appropriate selection and breeding programmes.
A nanostructured label-free platform based on an ultrathin film for ultrasensitive detection of a secosteroid hormone

We report the electrocatalytic activity of perovskite-type LaNiO3-nanoxide (LN-NO) on secosteroid hormone oxidation in alkaline solution. LN-NO was synthesized by the Pechini method and calcined at 973 K for 2 h under air atmosphere. Subsequently, the LN-NO material was studied by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM), energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), X-ray diffractometer (XRD) and electrochemical techniques such as cyclic voltammetry (CV), square wave voltammetry (SWV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The Rietveld refinement by the XRD pattern indicated the presence only the LN-NO. Optimized electrocatalytic activity was achieved using the LN-NO architecture, on a label-free platform, and nanostructures with sizes ranging between 50 and 100 nm were well distributed throughout the nanoxide. The detection of the secosteroid was performed at a low potential (0.46 V vs. Ag/AgCl) in a range between 0 and 2.6 × 10−5 mol L−1, with a detection limit of 8.3 × 10−7 mol L−1, which is considerably competitive with similar devices. The application of the LN-NO nanostructured label-free platform as a voltammetric sensor showed a good sensitivity of 17.75 A M−1. Finally, the use of LN-NO as a low-cost alternative to carbon nanomaterials (nanotubes and graphene) has the potential to be an excellent approach to sensor development.
Genetic risk stratification enables primary prevention of CAD

Coronary artery disease accounts for one-third of all deaths in the world and it is estimated that 50% of the American population will have a cardiac event in a normal lifespan. Prevention of CAD has been successful, particularly for secondary prevention. Determining who is at risk for primary prevention based on traditional risk factors (TRFs) is inadequate because the TRFs are often not present until the 6 th or 7 th decade. Sensitivity based on TRFs is further compromised by the recent observation that early primary prevention, based on results of Mendelian Randomization Studies, is threefold more effective. Genetic risk stratification has been assessed in multiple studies involving over one million participants and found to be superior and complementary to methods based on TRS. The upper 20% of the genetic risk score exhibits one to threefold increased risk of CAD. Stratification based on the 10-year risk, as determined by the Pooled Cohort Equation in the current guidelines, would recommend only about 45% of these individuals to receive statin therapy. Results of randomized clinical trials show genetic risk is markedly reduced by statin therapy, lifestyle changes, and physical activity. Genetic risk score has a major advantage over risk stratification based on TRFs, since it is independent of age and provides the same risk at birth as anytime later in life since one’s DNA does not change in one’s lifetime. The test, performed on blood, saliva, or tissue, is inexpensive and is available throughout the world. Statin (those off-patent), the number one drug for prevention, is inexpensive and available worldwide. Genetic risk stratification will enable the implementation of primary prevention of CAD early in life throughout the world. risk score calculated from the genotyping, one can categorize the risk into high, intermediate, and low risk. Multiple studies indicate that the top 20% of genetic risk carries The at risk may vary with both
Rapid Determination of Chloride Using Silver Triangular Nanoplates

A sensitive and accurate method for the determination of chloride using citrate-stabilized silver triangular nanoplates was developed. Chloride caused a color change of silver triangular nanoplate solution from blue to yellow by fusion and etching, as confirmed by transmission electron microscopy and ultraviolet-visible absorption spectroscopy. The spectrophotometric determination involved measurement of the spectra involving localized surface plasmon resonance. The change in the ratio of absorption at 642 and 430 nanometers was proportional to the concentration of chloride from 0.10 to 0.30 millimolar with a correlation coefficient of 0.9977. To determine the feasibility of the method, cooling water was analyzed. Good recoveries were obtained with relative standard deviations of 3.09 to 5.42 percent. These results demonstrated that the method was accurate, reliable, and rapid for the determination of chlroide.
Willingness and Perception of Dental Interns towards Working in Rural Areas in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia- A Cross-sectional Study

Introduction: The shortage of dental workforces in rural areas is a major concern in Saudi Arabia, which affects the delivery of oral health care services. Although there is an improvement in the dentist to population ratio, there still a wide disparity in dentist to population ratio in rural and urban areas. Aim: To assess the perception of dental interns to work in rural areas in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia and to know their willingness to serve rural population and factors associated with their decision. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 400 dental interns from 6 dental colleges located in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia over a period of October to December 2019. Data was collected using a self-administered structured close ended questionnaire. Chi-square test and multiple logistic regression analysis were applied to measure the association of age, gender and marital status on their responses. A p-value <0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Results: Out of 400 participants, 58% were willing to work in rural areas. Close proximity to hometown, in need for a job, rural placement program, fees and loan forgiveness and having rural background were the most favouring factors for working in rural area, whereas unfavourable working condition, lack of transportation facilities, poor accommodation, less scope for professional development and lack of necessary infrastructure were the main factors for reluctance. The male participants, Saudi nationals, rural residents, and the one whose fathers are less educated, were more likely to work in rural areas. Conclusion: Based on the findings of the study a comprehensive human resource strategy be designed by health or medical educators in order to encourage dental students to take up jobs in rural areas.
The Occupational Sitting and Physical Activity Questionnaire (OSPAQ): a validation study with objective accelerometer registrations

Background: The Occupational Sitting and Physical Activity Questionnaire (OSPAQ) was developed as an easy-to-use instrument for self-reported assessment of percentage sitting, standing, walking and performing heavy labour in a workplace setting. This study aimed to evaluate the criterion validity of all dimensions of the OSPAQ compared to objective accelerometer measures of occupational physical activities in a mixed sample of sedentary and physically active professions. Methods: Data from the Flemish Employees’ Physical Activity (FEPA) study were used, including employees from the service and production sector. All participants filled in a questionnaire, underwent clinical measurements, and wore two accelerometers for at least 2 consecutive working days. Intra-class (ICC) and Spearman rho correlations (r) were analyzed to assess criterion validity. Results: The sample included 401 workers (16% sedentary profession) with a mean age of 39.2 (± 11) years. Criterion validity was good and moderate for assessing percentage of sitting (ICC=0.84; r=0.53), and standing (ICC=0.64; r=0.53), respectively. The criterion validity for walking was weak to moderate (ICC=0.50; r=0.49), and weak for performing heavy labour (ICC=0.28; r=0.35). Stronger validity scores were found in sedentary professions for occupational sitting and standing. In physically active professions, an underestimation of self-reported sitting and standing was found, and an overestimation of self-reported walking and heavy labour. No significant self-reported over- or underestimation was found for sitting and heavy labour in sedentary professions, but an underestimation of self-reported standing (p<0.001) and an overestimation of self-reported walking (p<0.001) was observed. Conclusions: The OSPAQ has acceptable measurement properties for assessing occupational sitting and standing. Objective measurements of occupational walking and heavy labour are recommended, since a poor criterion validity was found for both.
The Effect of Paper Mill Waste and Sewage Sludge Amendments on Acid Soil Properties

Abstract The objective of this work was to study the effect of paper mill waste material and sewage sludge mixture on acid soil properties. For this purpose, the acid soil was amended with a mixture of sewage sludge and paper mill waste material (1:1 by weight) in two different proportions (2% and 4%). An incubation experiment (60 days) was conducted to study the effect on different chemical, physical, and biological properties of soil. Results showed that final acid soil pH increased from 5.2 to values greater than 6.4, total organic carbon content increased by greater than 15%, and the stability of soil aggregates significantly increased after soil treatment. Also, soil respiration increased between 452% and 962% according to the values of the total mineralization coefficient. Last, thermal analysis of samples of amended soil showed an increase in the thermostability index, which is a reliable parameter for evaluating the degree of maturation of soil organic matter after organic amendment addition.
Retrospective analysis of treatment outcomes in polytrauma patients with multiple long bone fractures of lower extremities

The aim: to conduct retrospective analysis of treatment outcomes in polytrauma patients with multiple long bone fractures of lower extremities. Materials and methods: retrospective study of treatment results in patients hospitalized to the polytrauma department of Kyiv City Clinical Hospital No17 from January 2013 to December 2016. Results: among patients with polytrauma and multiple long bone fractures of lower extremities, males dominated (67.9%) and the main cause of injury was a road accident (73.3%). The most common localizations of injuries were chest trauma (82.4%), traumatic brain injury (74.8%). The severity of injury was 29.2 ± 10.5 points according to the Injury Severity Score (ISS), degree of consciousness disorders was 9.1 ± 3.3 points in conformity with Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS). Patients developed complications, including nosocomial pneumonia (40.5%), acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) (19.1%) and fat embolism syndrome (10.7%), as well as sepsis (28.2%) and multiple organ failure (MOF) (16.0%). Mortality rate was 24.4%. Conclusion: It was found that among patients with polytrauma and multiple long bone fractures of lower extremities males dominated on the basis of gender, the main cause of injury was a road accident. The most common localizations of injuries were chest trauma and traumatic brain injury. Among controversial issues of treatment and diagnostic process are low frequency of pelvic binder application, ultrasound according to focused assessment with sonography for trauma (FAST) protocol and whole body multispiral computed tomography (WBMCT), which should be performed in 100.0% of patients with high-energy trauma at the time of admission to the hospital. In addition, frequency of Early Total Care (ETC) tactics application was too low, and definitive osteosynthesis in some cases was performed unreasonably late, using conservative fixation methods, which is a cause of complications and treatment prolongation in patients with polytrauma. The most common complications were pulmonary: nosocomial pneumonia, ARDS and fat embolism syndrome. Mortality rate was 24.4%.