Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Representation of force in cutting operation

We propose a method of simulating and representing cutting force in real time. To reduce the computation time, we employed a simplified physical model for the simulation. We define the cutting edge as a finite set of discrete points (i.e., discrete edges). By calculating the force on each discrete edge, we obtain the approximate distribution of force on the edge.
Selective video encryption of a distributed coded bitstream using LDPC codes

Selective encryption is a technique that is used to minimizec omputational complexity or enable system functionality by only encrypting a portion of a compressed bitstream while still achieving reasonable security. For selective encryption to work, we need to rely not only on the beneficial effects of redundancy reduction, but also on the characteristics of the compression algorithm to concentrate important data representing the source in a relatively small fraction of the compressed bitstream. These important elements of the compressed data become candidates for selective encryption. In this paper, we combine encryption and distributed video source coding to consider the choices of which types of bits are most effective for selective encryption of a video sequence that has been compressed using a distributed source coding method based on LDPC codes. Instead of encrypting the entire video stream bit by bit, we encrypt only the highly sensitive bits. By combining the compression and encryption tasks and thus reducing the number of bits encrypted, we can achieve a reduction in system complexity.
Oxidation-reduction potentials and ionization states of two turnip peroxidases.

In the present paper, differences in the environment of the iron atom of two turnip isoperoxidases, called P1, and P7, have been established. This study is performed by way of spectrophotometric titrations, and by the analysis of oxidation-reduction potential variations with regard to hydrogen ion concentration. Turnip peroxidases P1 and P7 exhibit near infrared bands with intensities and energies almost identical to those of metmyoglobin and horseradish peroxidase. In the case of turnip hemoprotein P1, an ionization, with an apparent pK close to 10, has been shown only in the oxidized form of the enzyme. Two other ionizations, in the ferric and the ferrous forms, respectively, occur also. They possess the same apparent pK, equal to 4.3, and seem to correspond to the same group. Another ionization is seen, with an apparent pK equal to 6.3, which specifically occurs in the reduced peroxidase. These results are very close to those obtained by various workers on horseradish peroxidase. In the case of turnip hemoprotein P7, the situation is very different. An ionization, with a pK close to 6.5, occurs in the ferric form of the enzyme. Two other ionizations, one in the oxidized form, the other in the reduced form of the enzyme, occur also. They both possess the same apparent pK equal to 8.4. A further ionization pertaining to the ferrous form only, is also seen, with an apparent pK close to 5. The above results are in agreement with the existence of the same axial ligands, namely histidine and water, in both hemoproteins. A likely interpretation of the ionizations detected in the acidic pH range is to assume that the distal groups of the proteins, for both peroxidases P1 and P7, are different. The occurrence, respectively, of a carboxyl group and a histidine residue would agree with the spectrophotometric and potentiometric titration data. The high value of the oxidation-reduction potentials of peroxidase P7, and the unexpected stability of the oxygenated compound of its ferrous form, are also compatible with an oxygenase function of this hemoprotein.
Trends in Educational Differentials in Suicide Mortality between 1993 - 2006 in Korea

Purpose This study aims to examine how inequalities in suicide by education changed during and after macroeconomic restructuring following the economic crisis of 1997 in South Korea. Materials and Methods Using Korea's 1995, 2000, and 2005 census data aggregately linked to mortality data (1993 - 2006), relative and absolute differentials in suicide mortality by education were calculated by gender and age among Korean population aged 35 and over. Results Average annual suicide mortality rates have steadily increased from 1993 - 1997 to 2003 - 2006 in almost all sociodemographic groups stratified by gender, age, and education. Based on the relative index of inequality (RII) and slope index of inequality (SII), educational differentials in suicide mortality generally increased over time in men and women aged 45 years +. Although RII did not increase with year among men and women aged 35 - 44 years, SII showed a significantly increasing trend in this age group. Conclusion These worsening absolute inequalities in suicide mortality indicate that the governmental suicide prevention policy should be directed toward socially disadvantaged groups of the Korean population.
Detection bias due to the effect of finasteride on prostate volume: a modeling approach for analysis of the Prostate Cancer Prevention Trial.

BACKGROUND The Prostate Cancer Prevention Trial (PCPT) demonstrated a 24.8% reduction in the 7-year prevalence of prostate cancer among patients treated with finasteride (5 mg daily) compared with that among patients treated with placebo; however, a 25.5% increase in the prevalence of high-Gleason grade tumors was observed, the clinical significance of which is unknown. One hypothesized explanation for this increase is that finasteride reduced prostate volume, leading to detection of more high-grade tumors due to increased sampling density. This possibility was investigated in an observational reanalysis of the PCPT data, with adjustment for sampling density. METHODS A logistic model for the association of high-grade (Gleason score 7-10) prostate cancer with baseline covariates and/or baseline covariates plus prostate volume and number of cores obtained at biopsy was developed using the placebo group (n = 4775) of the PCPT. This model was then applied to the finasteride group (n = 5123) to compare the predicted and observed numbers of high-grade tumors in that group. In a second approach, odds ratios (ORs) for prostate cancer in the finasteride versus placebo groups calculated from binary and polytomous logistic regression models that contained or excluded covariates for gland volume and number of needle cores were compared. RESULTS Median prostate volume was 25% lower in the finasteride group (median = 25.1 cm3) than in the placebo group (median = 33.5 cm3). The logistic model developed in the placebo group showed that the likelihood of detection of high-grade prostate cancer decreased as volume increased (for each 10 cm3 increase in prostate volume, OR = 0.81, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.74 to 0.90). Based on this model, 239 high-grade prostate cancers were predicted in the finasteride group, whereas 243 were observed, a non-statistically significant difference. Among all participants, the odds ratios for high-grade cancer in the finasteride versus placebo groups decreased from 1.27 (95% CI = 1.05 to 1.54) with adjustment for baseline covariates to 1.03 (95% CI = 0.84 to 1.26) following additional adjustment for gland volume and number of biopsy cores in binary outcome models and from 1.14 (95% CI = 0.94 to 1.38) to 0.88 (95% CI = 0.72 to 1.09) following these adjustments in the polytomous models. CONCLUSIONS Although analyses using postrandomization data require cautious interpretation, these results suggest that sampling density bias alone could explain the excess of high-grade cancers among the finasteride-assigned participants in the PCPT.
Neogene palynology of the Solimões Basin, Brazilian Amazonia

The tropics of South America hold the largest plant diversity in the world, yet the origins and processes leading to this high diversity still remain elusive. The Neogene sedimentary and fossil record of Amazonia could contain important clues to understanding the evolution of the Amazonian forest. Here, we study the pollen and spore record of two drill cores of the Neogene Solimões Formation taken in northwestern Brazil, east of the Iquitos Arch. We studied 41 palynological samples and used several techniques to analyze the results, including Unitary Associations, a quantitative biostratigraphic technique, and Multidimensional Scaling Analysis. We describe 109 species, 51 of which are new, and seven new combinations. The biostratigraphic analysis indicates that the age of the Solimões Formation in the study area is Late Miocene/Early Pliocene. This age is younger than that of nearby sections located west of the Iquitos arch, suggesting that the Iquitos Arch was active during the accumulation of the Solimões Formation. The pollen/spore assemblages indicate that the Solimões accumulated in fluvial deposits. We did not find evidence of either marine/tidal-flat deposits or extensive lakes.
A New Approach for Dynamic Time Quantum Allocation in Round Robin Process Scheduling Algorithm

Round-Robin (RR) is the vastly used process scheduling algorithm where, all processes are allocated some time shares in a circular order. If a process is able to complete its execution within this time quantum share, it is removed from the ready queue else it goes back at the end of the queue. Round-Robin scheduling is simple, gives fair allocation of CPU to the process and is starvation free. However there is few performance issues related to it. One of them is that even if there is a fractional amount of time left for a process to complete it execution, and its time share expires, it is preempted. Now this process has to wait unnecessarily to get its next chance to complete this fractional remaining execution. In this paper the proposal for the modification which will eradicate this performance issue of the conventional round robin algorithm is proposed thereby making it fairer.
Financial Entanglement: A Theory of Incomplete Integration, Leverage, Crashes, and Contagion

We propose a unified model of limited market integration, asset-price determination, leveraging, and contagion. Investors and firms are located on a circle, and access to markets involves participation costs that increase with distance. Despite the ex-ante symmetry of investors, their strategies may (endogenously) exhibit diversity, with some investors in each location following high-leverage, high-participation, and high-cost strategies and some unleveraged, low-participation, and low-cost strategies. The capital allocated to high-leverage strategies may be vulnerable even to small changes in market-access costs, which can lead to discontinuous price drops, de-leveraging, and portfolio-flow reversals. Moreover, the market is subject to contagion, in that an adverse shock to investors at a subset of locations affects prices everywhere.
The Effect of Hostility Reduction on Autonomic Control of the Heart and Vasculature: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Objective Hostility is associated with coronary artery disease. One candidate mechanism may be autonomic nervous system (ANS) dysregulation. In this study, we report the effect of cognitive behavioral treatment on ANS regulation. Methods Participants were 158 healthy young adults, high in hostility measured by the Cook-Medley Hostility and Spielberger Trait Anger scales. Participants were also interviewed using the Interpersonal Hostility Assessment Technique. They were randomized to a 12-week cognitive behavioral treatment program for reducing hostility or a wait-list control group. The outcome measures were preejection period, low-frequency blood pressure variability, and high-frequency heart rate variability measured at rest and in response to and recovery from cognitive and orthostatic challenge. Linear-mixed models were used to examine group by session and group by session by period interactions while controlling for sex and age. Contrasts of differential group and session effects were used to examine reactivity and recovery from challenge. Results After Bonferroni correction, two-way and three-way interactions failed to achieve significance for preejection period, low-frequency blood pressure variability, or high-frequency heart rate variability (p > .002), indicating that hostility reduction treatment failed to influence ANS indices. Conclusions Reduction in anger and hostility failed to alter ANS activity at rest or in response to or recovery from challenge. These findings raise questions about whether autonomic dysregulation represents a pathophysiological link between hostility and heart disease.
Fairness and the Optimal Allocation of Ownership Rights

We report on several experiments on the optimal allocation of ownership rights. The experiments confirm the property rights approach by showing that the ownership structure affects relationship-specific investments and that subjects attain the most efficient ownership allocation despite starting from different initial conditions. However, in contrast to the property rights approach, the most efficient ownership structure is joint ownership. These results are neither consistent with the self-interest model nor with models that assume that all people behave fairly, but they can be explained by the theory of inequity aversion that focuses on the interaction between selfish and fair players.
Exploring Trajectories of Pornography Use Through Adolescence and Emerging Adulthood

While the scholarly literature on pornography use is growing, much of this literature has examined pornography use as a static feature that does not change. Despite this trend, pornography use, like most sexual behaviors, is likely best viewed as a dynamic feature that may shift across the developmental life span. Using a sample of 908 adults from the United States, retrospective data on pornography use through adolescence and emerging adulthood were gathered to explore trajectories of pornography use across these developmental periods. Latent mixture models suggested the presence of common patterns of use across both developmental periods. Adolescence patterns appeared to largely be distinguished by those who either engaged or did not engage with pornography, while emerging adulthood data revealed the presence of a group of experimenters who engaged in pornography through adolescence but then decreased use through their 20s. Men were found to be more likely to have consistent profiles of pornography use, while single adults were likely to have delayed entry into pornography use. Associations with adult mental health and pornography use were found, suggesting that early exposure to pornography was related to elevated current pornography use patterns and, to a lesser extent, dysfunctional pornography use. Trajectories also had a weak association with life satisfaction, with individuals reporting trajectories involving consistent pornography use reporting lower life satisfaction after controls.
Runtime FPGA Partial Reconfiguration

Field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) are now being integrated into many space-based applications. FPGAs are being used as replacements for application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs) without considering new options offered by their reprogrammable nature. Runtime partial reconfiguration can potentially reduce the number of devices or the device size, thereby reducing both size and power consumption. A system that requires either transmit or receive capabilities at any given time, but not both, can switch between the two modes in a fraction of a second using partial reconfiguration. The current approach requires that both modes be implemented simultaneously, thereby wasting power and requiring more resources. The idea of adaptively allocating limited FPGA resources is also applicable to hardware-accelerated software-defined radios. The hardware accelerators are loaded into FPGA(s) as they are needed. Partial reconfiguration allows swapping of accelerators much faster than is possible with current methods, and with less disruption to other processes running in parallel. This technology significantly reduces power consumption critical for space and portable ground-based applications of FPGA technology. A software-defined radio was designed with a reprogrammable forward error correction (FEC) block supporting multiple FEC codes to demonstrate one practical use of this technology. This paper provides an overview of the design flow necessary for partial reconfiguration and comments on the additional overhead necessary for creating such a design. In addition, limitations to this emerging technology are outlined.
Scene Flow from Depth and Color Images

In this paper we consider the problem of estimating a 3D motion field using multiple cameras. In particular, we focus on the situation where a depth camera and one or more color cameras are available, a common situation with recent composite sensors such as the Kinect. In this case, geometric information from depth maps can be combined with intensity variations in color images in order to estimate smooth and dense 3D motion fields. We propose a unified framework for this purpose, that can handle both arbitrary large motions and sub-pixel displacements. The estimation is cast as a linear optimization problem that can be solved very efficiently. The novelty with respect to existing scene flow approaches is that it takes advantage of the geometric information provided by the depth camera to define a surface domain over which photometric constraints can be consistently integrated in 3D. Experiments on real and synthetic data provide both qualitative and quantitative results that demonstrate the interest of the approach.
Building a Database of Japanese Adjective Examples from Special Purpose Web Corpora

It is often difficult to collect many examples for low-frequency words from a single general purpose corpus. In this paper, I present a method of building a database of Japanese adjective examples from special purpose Web corpora (SPW corpora) and investigates the characteristics of examples in the database by comparison with examples that are collected from a general purpose Web corpus (GPW corpus). My proposed method construct a SPW corpus for each adjective considering to collect examples that have the following features: (i) non-bias, (ii) the distribution of examples extracted from every SPW corpus bears much similarity to that of examples extracted from a GPW corpus. The results of experiments shows the following: (i) my proposed method can collect many examples rapidly. The number of examples extracted from SPW corpora is more than 8.0 times (median value) greater than that from the GPW corpus. (ii) the distributions of co-occurrence words for adjectives in the database are similar to those taken from the GPW corpus.
Programming language concepts for software developers

This note describes and motivates our current plans for an undergraduate course on programming language concepts for software development students. We describe the competences we expect students to acquire as well as the topics covered by the course. We plan to use C# and Scheme as instruction languages, and will study the implementation of Java and C# with their underlying platforms, the Java Virtual Machine and . NET Common Language Runtime. We emphasize implementation exercises and experiments. This comes at the expense of classical compiler course subjects such as register allocation and optimization of imperative loop-intensive code.
Mining Crowdsourced First Impressions in Online Social Video

While multimedia and social computing research have used crowdsourcing techniques to annotate objects, actions, and scenes in social video sites like YouTube, little work has addressed the crowdsourcing of personal and social traits in online social video or social media content in general. In this paper, we address the problems of (1) crowdsourcing the annotation of first impressions of video bloggers (vloggers) personal and social traits in conversational YouTube videos, and (2) mining the impressions with the goal of modeling the interplay of different vlogger facets. First, we design a human annotation task to crowdsource impressions of vloggers that extends a tradition of studies of personality impressions with the addition of attractiveness and mood impressions. Second, we propose a probabilistic framework using Topic Models to discover prototypical impressions that are data driven, and that combine multiple facets of vloggers. Finally, we address the task of automatically predicting topic impressions using nonverbal and verbal content extracted from videos and comments. Our study of 442 YouTube vlogs and 2,210 annotations collected in Mechanical Turk supports recent literature showing the feasibility to crowdsource interpersonal human impression with comparable quality to what is reported in social psychology research, and provides insights on the interplay among human first impressions. We also show that topic models are useful to discover meaningful prototypical impressions that can be validated by humans, and that different topics can be predicted using different sources of information from vloggers' nonverbal and verbal content, as well as comments from the audience.
Expansion of research base/station in the Arctic

Arctic Challenge for Sustainability (ArCS) project coordinate the use of Arctic stations, research sites and facilities for ArCS colaborators and aloso Japanese researchers. The sites are, IARC (International Arctic Research Center)/UAF and Poker Flat observation site in US, CHARS (Canadian High Arctic Research Station) and CEN (Centre for Northern Studies) in Canada, observation sites in Cape Baranocva and Spasskaya Pad in Russia, Ny-Alesund and UNIS (The University Centre in Svalbard) in Svalvard, Norway, EGRIP (East Greenland Ice Coring Project) site and GINR (Greenland Institute of Natural Resources) at Nuuk, Greenland. These sites and facilities are available for research and training of young scientists. The presentaion intoroduces the geographical distribution of pan-Arctic sites and their reseach targets, possible transfer to the social benefits, then discuss contribution to Japanese Arctic sciencific activities.
High frequency optoacoustic arrays using etalon detection

Two-dimensional phased arrays for high frequency (>30 MHz) ultrasonic imaging are difficult to construct using conventional piezoelectric technology. A promising alternative involves optical detection of ultrasound, where the array element size is defined by the focal spot of a laser beam. Element size and spacing on the order of a few microns are easily achieved, suitable for imaging at frequencies exceeding 100 MHz. We have previously shown images made from a receive-only, two-dimensional optoacoustic array operating at 10 to 50 MHz. The main drawback of optical detection has been poor sensitivity when compared with piezoelectric detection. In this paper, we explore a different form of optical detection demonstrating improved sensitivity and offering a potentially simple method for constructing two-dimensional arrays. Results from a simple experiment using an etalon sensor confirm that the sensitivity of etalon detection is comparable with piezoelectric detection. This paper concludes with a proposal for a high frequency optoacoustic array system using an etalon.