Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Deep Submillimeter and Radio Observations in the SSA22 Field. I. Powering Sources and the Lyα Escape Fraction of Lyα Blobs

We study the heating mechanisms and Lyα escape fractions of 35 Lyα blobs (LABs) at z ≈ 3.1 in the SSA22 field. Dust continuum sources have been identified in 11 of the 35 LABs, all with star formation rates (SFRs) above 100 M⊙ yr−1. Likely radio counterparts are detected in 9 out of 29 investigated LABs. The detection of submillimeter dust emission is more linked to the physical size of the Lyα emission than to the Lyα luminosities of the LABs. A radio excess in the submillimeter/radio-detected LABs is common, hinting at the presence of active galactic nuclei. Most radio sources without X-ray counterparts are located at the centers of the LABs. However, all X-ray counterparts avoid the central regions. This may be explained by absorption due to exceptionally large column densities along the line-of-sight or by LAB morphologies, which are highly orientation dependent. The median Lyα escape fraction is about 3% among the submillimeter-detected LABs, which is lower than a lower limit of 11% for the submillimeter-undetected LABs. We suspect that the large difference is due to the high dust attenuation supported by the large SFRs, the dense large-scale environment as well as large uncertainties in the extinction corrections required to apply when interpreting optical data.
Hot exozodiacal dust: an exocometary origin?

Context. Near- and mid-infrared interferometric observations have revealed populations of hot and warm dust grains populating the inner regions of extrasolar planetary systems. These are known as exozodiacal dust clouds, or exozodis, reflecting the similarity with the solar system’s zodiacal cloud. Radiative transfer models have constrained the dust to be dominated by tiny submicron-sized, carbon-rich grains that are accumulated very close to the sublimation radius. The origin of this dust is an unsolved issue. Aims. We explore two exozodiacal dust production mechanisms, first re-investigating the Poynting-Robertson drag pile-up scenario, and then elaborating on the less explored but promising exocometary dust delivery scenario. Methods. We developed a new, versatile numerical model that calculates the dust dynamics, with non-orbit-averaged equations for the grains close to the star. The model includes dust sublimation and incorporates a radiative transfer code for direct comparison to the observations. We consider in this study four stellar types, three dust compositions, and we assume a parent belt at 50 au. Results. In the case of the Poynting-Robertson drag pile-up scenario, we find that it is impossible to produce long-lived submicron-sized grains close to the star. The inward drifting grains fill in the region between the parent belt and the sublimation distance, producing an unrealistically strong mid-infrared excess compared to the near-infrared excess. The dust pile-up at the sublimation radius is by far insufficient to boost the near-IR flux of the exozodi to the point where it dominates over the mid-infrared excess. In the case of the exocometary dust delivery scenario, we find that a narrow ring can form close to the sublimation zone, populated with large grains from several tens to several hundreds of micrometers in radius. Although not perfect, this scenario provides a better match to the observations, especially if the grains are carbon-rich. We also find that the number of active exocomets required to sustain the observed dust level is reasonable. Conclusions. We conclude that the hot exozodiacal dust detected by near-infrared interferometry is unlikely to result from inward grain migration by Poynting-Robertson drag from a distant parent belt, but could instead have an exocometary origin.
Seiberg-Witten and Gromov invariants for symplectic 4-manifolds

1. SW => Gr: From the Seiberg-Witten equations to pseudo-holomorphic curves 1. The Seiberg-Witten equations 2. Estimates 3. The monotonicity formula 4. The local structure of [alpha]1(0) 5. Convergence to a current 6. Positivity and pseudo-holomorphic curves 7. Constraints on symplectic 4-manifolds 2. Counting pseudo-holomorphic submanifolds in dimension 4 1. The definition of Gr 2. The definition of r(C, 1) 3. The definition of r(C, m) when m > 1 4. The meaning of the term ""admissable"" 5. The proofs 6. A toroidal example 7. D on other surfaces 3. Gr => SW: From pseudo-holomorphic curves to Seiberg-Witten solutions.
Profound Impact of Economic Openness and Digital Economy towards a Sustainable Development: A New Look at RCEP Economies

Sustainable development has become a serious challenge for the globe. Therefore, globalization and the digital economy are considered crucial factors for sustainable development (SD). The current study tries to estimate the link between trade openness and information and communication technology (ICT) with sustainable growth via a linear function in which economic growth, urbanization, and human capital are taken as independent variables. The study employs the Interactive Fixed Effect (IFE) and Dynamic Common Correlated Effect (D-CCE) to quantify the long-term association among variables in a multiplicative framework. The obtained outcomes show a significant contribution of globalization and the digital economy to sustainable growth. Likewise, economic growth and human capital cause a decline in sustainable growth. Moreover, the empirical outcomes show the discouraging role of urbanization in sustainable development. Additionally, a bi-directional association exists between sustainable development and trade openness and economic growth, trade openness and economic growth, urbanization and human capital, and economic growth and urbanization. Such findings further strengthen policymakers’ belief in other nations to promote sustainable development. Moreover, to alleviate the economic growth losses, we suggest setting up a sustainable development sharing mechanism among regions.
The Power Spectrum Dependence of Dark Matter Halo Concentrations

High-resolution N-body simulations are used to examine the power spectrum dependence of the concentration of galaxy-sized dark matter halos. It is found that dark halo concentrations depend on the amplitude of mass fluctuations as well as on the ratio of power between small and virial mass scales. This finding is consistent with the original results of Navarro, Frenk, and White (NFW) and allows their model to be extended to include power spectra substantially different from cold dark matter (CDM). In particular, the single-parameter model presented here fits the concentration dependence on halo mass for truncated power spectra, such as those expected in the warm dark matter scenario, and predicts a stronger redshift dependence for the concentration of CDM halos than proposed by NFW. The latter conclusion confirms recent suggestions by Bullock and coworkers, although this new modeling differs from theirs in detail. These findings imply that observational limits on the concentration, such as those provided by estimates of the dark matter content within individual galaxies, may be used to constrain the amplitude of mass fluctuations on galactic and subgalactic scales. The constraints on ΛCDM models posed by the dark mass within the solar circle in the Milky Way and by the zero point of the Tully-Fisher relation are revisited, with the result that neither data set is clearly incompatible with the "concordance" (Ω0 = 0.3, Λ0 = 0.7, σ8 = 0.9) ΛCDM cosmogony. This conclusion differs from that reached recently by Navarro and Steinmetz, a disagreement that can be traced to inconsistencies in the normalization of the ΛCDM power spectrum used in that work.
Between past and future ruins: Post-Ottoman Niš in the album of Knez Milan Obrenović

While historians of Southeast Europe have recently increasingly turned to photographs as primary sources, this article reads a late 19th century photographic album not as an (objective) representation of a city, but as a carefully constructed visual narrative with afterlives of its own. The album, created upon the annexation of the city of Niš from the Ottoman Empire, produces multiple temporalities: the “recurring” and “timeless” national authenticity of the village, shown through costumes and church ruins, is contrasted with the images of the city, which the album constitutes as “old” and photographs as “future ruins. ” The latter serves to establish a temporal break between the Ottoman past and the pending Serbian modernization project. Today, the album embodies two distinct afterlives. First, the Ottoman city—and the Empire itself—which the album proclaims “dead,” continues to live only as an object of photography. Second, the album today represents an afterlife of the foundational ideologies and images of post-Ottoman nation-making in and beyond Serbia. The two afterlives are not without contradiction: even though it is used to proclaim the empire “dead,” the album represents an ambivalent material afterlife of the empire in the present (Walton, 2019), while the ambivalence of photography as a medium itself opens avenues for readings beyond the prescribed.
In situ high temperature X-ray diffraction studies of ZnO thin film

An epitaxial ZnO thin film was entirely fabricated by pulsed laser deposition. Both the orientation and the size of the crystallites were studied. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns of the film show strong c-axis oriented crystal structure with preferred (002) orientation. The Phi-scan XRD pattern confirms that the epitaxial ZnO exhibits a single-domain wurtzite structure with hexagonal symmetry. In situ high-temperature XRD studies of ZnO thin film show that the crystallite size increases with increasing temperature, and (002) peaks shift systematically toward lower 2θ values due to the change of lattice parameters. The lattice parameters show linear increase in their values with increasing temperature.
Weak-lensing mass calibration of the Sunyaev–Zel’dovich effect using APEX-SZ galaxy clusters

The use of galaxy clusters as precision cosmological probes relies on an accurate determination of their masses. However, inferring the relationship between cluster mass and observables from direct observations is difficult and prone to sample selection biases. In this work, we use weak lensing as the best possible proxy for cluster mass to calibrate the Sunyaev–Zel’dovich (SZ) effect measurements from the APEX-SZ experiment. For a well-defined (ROSAT) X-ray complete cluster sample, we calibrate the integrated Comptonization parameter, YSZ, to the weak-lensing derived total cluster mass, M500. We employ a novel Bayesian approach to account for the selection effects by jointly fitting both the SZ Comptonization, YSZ–M500, and the X-ray luminosity, Lx–M500, scaling relations. We also account for a possible correlation between the intrinsic (lognormal) scatter of Lx and YSZ at fixed mass. We find the corresponding correlation coefficient to be $r= 0. 47_{-0.35}^{+0.24}$, and at the current precision level our constraints on the scaling relations are consistent with previous works. For our APEX-SZ sample, we find that ignoring the covariance between the SZ and X-ray observables biases the normalization of the YSZ–M500 scaling high by 1–2σ and the slope low by ∼1σ, even when the SZ effect plays no role in the sample selection. We conclude that for higher precision data and larger cluster samples, as anticipated from on-going and near-future cluster cosmology experiments, similar biases (due to intrinsic covariances of cluster observables) in the scaling relations will dominate the cosmological error budget if not accounted for correctly.
Incidence of Stroke and Associated Risk Factors in Bogor, Indonesia: A Nested Case-Control Study

The increasing number of stroke cases and their risk factors is a crisis that needs to be addressed. This study aimed to determine the number of new stroke cases in Bogor, Indonesia, and its risk factors. We conducted a nested case-control study from the Study of Non-Communicable Disease (NCD) Risk Factors of the National Health Institute of Research and Development, Ministry of Health, Indonesia, in 2018. A deep analysis was conducted on 1.210 respondents based on the subset of baseline this data. Data was collected by interview method on permanent residents in Bogor City, Indonesia in 2018. Diagnosis of stroke was based on the anamnesis of a neurologist and a neurological examination. Independent variables include sociodemographic characteristics, metabolic syndrome, and risky behaviors. The data was analyzed with a dual logistic regression test. The incidence of stroke during 2018 amounted to 48 cases (3.9%). The main determinants of stroke in this population include diabetes mellitus and systolic blood pressure being the main factors for stroke, with each p-value, AOR, and (95% CI) being 0,000, 0.222 (0.122-0.405), 0.003, 0.291 (0.128-0.662). There was no significant difference in metabolic syndrome outcomes one year before the diagnosis of stroke and the year when the stroke was diagnosed. Special attention is needed in DM patients with high blood pressure to prevent stroke.
Relaxation near Supermassive Black Holes Driven by Nuclear Spiral Arms: Anisotropic Hypervelocity Stars, S-stars, and Tidal Disruption Events

Nuclear spiral arms are small-scale transient spiral structures found in the centers of galaxies. Similarly to their galactic-scale counterparts, nuclear spiral arms can perturb the orbits of stars. In the case of the Galactic center (GC), these perturbations can affect the orbits of stars and binaries in a region extending to several hundred parsecs around the supermassive black hole (SMBH), causing diffusion in orbital energy and angular momentum. This diffusion process can drive stars and binaries to close approaches with the SMBH, disrupting single stars in tidal disruption events (TDEs), or disrupting binaries, leaving a star tightly bound to the SMBH and an unbound star escaping the galaxy, i.e., a hypervelocity star (HVS). Here, we consider diffusion by nuclear spiral arms in galactic nuclei, specifically the Milky Way GC. We determine nuclear-spiral-arm-driven diffusion rates using test-particle integrations and compute disruption rates. Our TDE rates are up to 20% higher compared to relaxation by single stars. For binaries, the enhancement is up to a factor of ∼100, and our rates are comparable to the observed numbers of HVSs and S-stars. Our scenario is complementary to relaxation driven by massive perturbers. In addition, our rates depend on the inclination of the binary with respect to the Galactic plane. Therefore, our scenario provides a novel potential source for the observed anisotropic distribution of HVSs. Nuclear spiral arms may also be important for accelerating the coalescence of binary SMBHs and for supplying nuclear star clusters with stars and gas.
Use of Nitric Oxide Donor-Loaded Microbubble Destruction by Ultrasound in Thrombus Treatment

In the presence of a vascular thrombus, the recovery of blood flow and vascular recanalization are very important to prevent tissue damage. An alternative procedure to thrombolysis is required for patients who are unable to receive surgery or thrombolytic drugs due to other physical conditions. Recently, the performance of thrombolysis combined with microbubbles has become an attractive and effective therapeutic procedure. Indeed, in a recent study, we demonstrated that, upon exposure to ultrasound, liposomes loaded with nitric oxide release agonists conjugated to microbubbles; therefore, there is potential to release the agonist in a controlled manner into specific tissues. This means that the effect of the agonist is potentiated, decreasing interactions with other tissues, and reducing the dose required to induce nitric-oxide-dependent vasodilation. In the present study, we hypothesized that a liposome microbubble delivery system can be used as a hydrophilic agonist carrier for the nitric oxide donor spermine NONOate, to elicit femoral vasodilation and clot degradation. Therefore, we used spermine-NONOate-loaded microbubbles to evaluate the effect of ultrasound-mediated microbubble disruption (UMMD) on thromboembolic femoral artery recanalization. We prepared spermine NONOate-loaded microbubbles and tested their effect on ex vivo preparations, hypothesizing that ultrasound-induced microbubble disruption is associated with the vasorelaxation of aortic rings. Thrombolysis was demonstrated in aorta blood-flow recovery after disruption by spermine NONOate-loaded microbubbles via ultrasound application in the region where the thrombus is located. Our study provides an option for the clinical translation of NO donors to therapeutic applications.
Availability and chemical associations of cadmium in contaminated tropical soils amended with mineral and organic amendments

A study was performed to evaluate the variation in pH, availability, and chemical associations of Cd in two previously contaminated Latosols amended with mineral and organic amendments. The Latosols were contaminated with Cd and amended with vermicompost, sugarcane f ilter cake, palm kernel pie, lime, phosphate rock, or zeolite. Cadmium availability was evaluated monthly in the contaminated soil/soil amendment mixtures with the DTPA and Mehlich-3 extractants for twelve months of incubation. At the end of this period, a sequential extraction procedure was performed in the mixtures to identify the Cd forms present in the several geochemical fractions. Lime immobilized Cd at a larger extension (60%), being the metal transferred to less available fractions. The Mehlich-3 extractant had a high correlation (0.96**) with the available fraction examined by the sequential extraction procedure. In general, organic amendments produced small ef fects on the f inal pH of soil/soil amendment mixtures as compared with the initial soil pH. Mineral amendments caused enhancement of soil pH and the most pronounced ef fect occurred with the use of lime.
Design and analysis of CPW-fed wideband circularly polarized antenna for modern communication systems

A novel design for wideband circularly polarized antenna is presented. The proposed antenna is a coplanar waveguide structure. The slot in the ground plane is rectangular and placed asymmetric. The circular polarization is achieved by using a modified L-shape radiating patch and by adding inverted L-shaped strip at one corner. Axial ratio bandwidth (ARBW) of the antenna is greatly enhanced by connecting one end of the L-shaped patch to the ground via a slit and cutting additional slots in the ground plane. The measured impedance bandwidth and 3 dB ARBW is 3.4 GHz (2.2–5.6 GHz) and 1.97 GHz (2.2–4.17 GHz), respectively, which can cover WLAN (2.4 GHz band), RFID reader (2.45 GHz band), WiMAX (3.2–3.7 GHz band) other wireless communication applications. The average measured boresight gain is 3–4 dBi. The time domain analysis of the antenna is also performed. The measured group delay is nearly constant in the operating band. The system fidelity factor of the antenna is also measured for different azimuth angles.
The Journal of Entrepreneurial Finance The Journal of Entrepreneurial Finance Youth Entrepreneurship Dynamics in Benin: Was Access to Youth Entrepreneurship Dynamics in Benin: Was Access to Finance the Missing Piece for Opportunistic Self-Employment? Finance the Missing Piece for Opportunistic Self-

: Young people in developing countries and more especially in Sub-Saharan African countries are seeking employment opportunities in challenging economic and social environments. Entrepreneurship appears then as a key factor in reducing unemployment, grasping for a sustainable job and reducing poverty. Both national and international authorities are taking steps to facilitate youth entrepreneurship. In that context, this study aims at reexamining the effect of access to finance on the dynamics of entrepreneurship of young people in transition from School to work in Benin. Using a SURE Probit procedure on data from the International Labor Organization (ILO) we estimated jointly the predicted probability of entrepreneurship intention and the access to finance. Findings show that effective financial inclusion is very important for the dynamics of youth entrepreneurship in Benin but due to the nature of the youth entrepreneurship in Benin, driven essentially by necessity purpose, there is a need for policies measures towards education and particularly entrepreneurship education that are key in the effectiveness of youth financial prosperity.
Maternal Mental Health Status Is Associated with Weight-Related Parenting Cognitions, Home Food Environment Characteristics, and Children’s Behaviors

Women experience anxiety, depression, and stress at higher levels than men and have more parenting responsibilities, especially establishing health practices in the home. Given children’s vulnerability, this study aimed to increase understanding of how mothers’ mental health status relates to maternal weight-related cognitions, home food environments, and child health via a cross-sectional survey design. In a cluster analysis, using maternal anxiety, depression, and stress assessments, we placed the sample of 531 mothers of school-age children into four clusters: Cluster 1 had the best mental health status, Cluster 2 had high stress, Cluster 3 had anxiety and moderate stress, and Cluster 4 had anxiety, depression, and high stress. Our results indicate an overall downward trend in weight-related cognitions as mental health worsened. Similarly, as mental health declined, so did home food environment characteristics, such as the greater use of non-recommended child feeding practices, fewer family meals, and greater sugar-sweetened beverage supplies. As mothers’ mental health status became poorer, children’s general health and mental health quality of life declined, and sugar-sweetened beverage intake increased. Our findings suggest that maternal stress, anxiety, and depression are moderately to strongly linked with mothers’ cognitions, home food environments, and children’s health. Our results also suggest that mental health interventions for mothers should assess cognitions and home food environments and consider the extent to which these factors are affecting family health.
Electronic stopping power of aluminum crystal

{ital Ab initio} calculations of the electronic energy loss of ions moving in aluminum crystal are presented, within linear-response theory, from a realistic description of the one-electron band structure and a full treatment of the dynamical electronic response of valence electrons. For the evaluation of the density-response function we use the random-phase approximation and, also, a time-dependent extension of local-density-functional theory. We evaluate both position-dependent and random stopping powers, for a wide range of projectile velocities. Our results indicate that at low velocities band-structure effects slightly enhance the stopping power. At velocities just above the threshold velocity for plasmon excitation, the stopping power of the real solid is found to be smaller than that of jellium electrons, corrections being of about 10{percent}. This reduction can be understood from sum rule arguments. {copyright} {ital 1998} {ital The American Physical Society}