Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Bottom time does not always predict prey encounter rate in Antarctic fur seals

1. Optimal foraging models applied to breath-holding divers predict that diving predators should optimize the time spent foraging at the bottom of dives depending on prey encounter rate, distance to prey patch (depth) and physiological constraints. 2. We tested this hypothesis on a free-ranging diving marine predator, the Antarctic fur seal Arctocephalus gazella, equipped with accelerometers or Hall sensors (n=11) that recorded mouth-opening events, a proxy for prey capture attempts and thus feeding events. Over the 5896 dives analyzed (>15m depth), the mean number of mouth-opening events per dive was 1.21 ± 1.69 (mean ± sd). Overall, 82% of mouth-openings occurred at the bottom of dives. 3. As predicted, fur seals increased their inferred foraging time at the bottom of dives with increasing patch distance (depth), irrespective of the number of mouth-openings. 4. For dives shallower than 55m, the mean bottom duration of dives without mouth-openings was shorter than for dives with mouth-opening events. However, this difference was only due to the occurrence of V-shaped dives with short bottom durations (0 or 1s). When removing those V-shaped dives, bottom duration was not related to the presence of mouth openings anymore. Thus, the decision to abandon foraging is likely related to other information about prey availability than prey capture attempts (i.e. sensory cues) that seals collect during the descent phase. We did not observe V-shaped dives for dives deeper than 55m, threshold beyond which the mean dive duration exceeded the apparent aerobic dive limit. For dives deeper than 55m Accepted Article This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. seals kept on foraging at bottom irrespective of the number of mouth-openings performed. 5. Most dives occurred at shallower depths (30-55m) than the 60m depth of highest foraging efficiency (i.e. of greatest number of mouth-opening events per dive). This is likely related to physiological constraints during deeper dives. 6. We suggest that foraging decisions are more complex than predicted by current theory and highlight the importance of the information collected by the predator during the descent as well as its physiological constraints. Ultimately, this will help establishing reliable predictive foraging models for marine predators based on diving patterns only.
Climate‐ versus geographic‐dependent patterns in the spatial distribution of macroinvertebrate assemblages in New World depressional wetlands

Analyses of biota at lower latitudes may presage impacts of climate change on biota at higher latitudes. Macroinvertebrate assemblages in depressional wetlands may be especially sensitive to climate change because weather‐related precipitation and evapotranspiration are dominant ecological controls on habitats, and organisms of depressional wetlands are temperature‐sensitive ectotherms. We aimed to better understand how wetland macroinvertebrate assemblages were structured according to geography and climate. To do so, we contrasted aquatic‐macroinvertebrate assemblage structure (family level) between subtropical and temperate depressional wetlands of North and South America using presence–absence data from 264 of these habitats across the continents and more‐detailed relative‐abundance data from 56 depressional wetlands from four case‐study locations (North Dakota and Georgia in North America; southern Brazil and Argentinian Patagonia in South America). Both data sets roughly partitioned wetland numbers equally between the two climatic zones and between the continents. We used ordination methods (PCA and NMDS) and tests of multivariate dispersion (PERMDISP) to assess the distribution and the homogeneity in variation in the composition of macroinvertebrate assemblages across climates and continents, respectively. We found that macroinvertebrate assemblage structures in the subtropical depressional wetlands of North and South America were similar to each other (at the family level), while assemblages in the North and South American temperate wetlands were unique from the subtropics, and from each other. Tests of homogeneity of multivariate dispersion indicated that family‐level assemblage structures were more homogeneous in wetlands from the subtropical than the temperate zones. Our study suggests that ongoing climate change may result in the homogenization of macroinvertebrate assemblage structures in temperate zones of North and South America, with those assemblages becoming enveloped by assemblages from the subtropics. Biotic homogenization, more typically associated with other kinds of anthropogenic factors, may also be affected by climate change.
Cerebro‐renal interaction and stroke

Stroke is an event causing a disturbance in cerebral function leading to death and disability worldwide. Both acute kidney injury and chronic kidney disease (CKD) are associated with an increased risk of stroke and cerebrovascular events. The underlying mechanistic approach between impaired renal function and stroke is limitedly explored and has attracted researchers to learn more for developing therapeutic intervention. Common risk factors such as hypertension, hyperphosphatemia, atrial fibrillation, arteriosclerosis, hyperhomocysteinemia, blood‐brain barrier disruption, inflammation, etc. are observed in the general population, but are high in renal failure patients. Also, risk factors like bone mineral metabolism, uremic toxins, and anemia, along with the process of dialysis in CKD patients, eventually increases the risk of stroke. Therefore, early detection of risks associated with stroke in CKD is imperative, which may decrease the mortality associated with it. This review highlights mechanisms by which kidney dysfunction can lead to cerebrovascular events and increase the risk of stroke in renal impairment.
Intensive Care Unit Admissions During the First 3 Months of the COVID-19 Pandemic in Poland: A Single-Center, Cross-Sectional Study

Background Data on the outcomes of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) requiring Intensive Care Unit (ICU) care in Poland are limited. There are no data on critically ill patients with COVID-19 who did not meet criteria for ICU admission. Material/Methods We analyzed patients admitted to the ICU and those ineligible for ICU admission in a large COVID-19-dedicated hospital, during the first 3 months of the pandemic in Poland. Data from 67 patients considered for ICU admissions due to COVID-19 infection, treated between 10 March and 10 June 2020, were reviewed. Following exclusions, data on 32 patients admitted to the ICU and 21 patients ineligible for ICU admission were analyzed. Results In 38% of analyzed patients, symptoms of COVID-19 infection occurred during a hospital stay for an unrelated medical issue. The mean age of ICU patients was 62.4 (10.4) years, and the majority of patients were male (69%), with at least one comorbidity (88%). The mean admission APACHE II and SAPS II scores were 20.1 (8.1) points and 51.2 (15.3) points, respectively. The Charlson Comorbidity Index and Clinical Frailty Scale were lower in ICU patients compared with those disqualified: 5.9 (4.3) vs. 9.1 (3.5) points, P=0.01, and 4.7 (1.7) vs. 6.9 (1.2) points, P<0.01, respectively. All ICU patients required intubation and mechanical ventilation. ICU mortality was 67%. Hospital mortality among patients admitted to the ICU and those who were disqualified was 70% and 79%, respectively. Conclusions Patients with COVID-19 requiring ICU admission in our studied population were frail and had significant comorbidities. The outcomes in this group were poor and did not seem to be influenced by ICU admission.
Influence of Shexiang Baoxin Pill on Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Proliferation and Phenotypic Transformation

Objective: To observe the effects of Shexiang Baoxin Pill( SXBXP) of on the proliferation and phenotype transformation of vascular smooth muscle cells. Methods: The vascular smooth muscle cells line RASMC P8( VSMCs) were used as the cell model in this experiment. The cells were treated with SXBXP at the doses of 2. 0 g / L,respectively, and control cells were treated with the same volume of culture medium without SXBXP. The proliferation induced by SXBXP on VSMCS was measured by cell counting. The effect of SXBXP on the cell proliferation cycle was analyzed by flow cytometry. The expression of α- smooth muscle actin( α- SMA) and the smooth muscle myosin heavy chain( SM-MHC) which served as specific molecular markers o f vascular smooth muscle contraction in RASMC P8 cells,was analyzed by flow cytometry. Result: Compared to control group,a certain dose of SXBXP effectively inhibited the proliferation of VSMCs by inhibiting the transition of the cell cycle from G1 phase to S phase. The percentages of α- SMA and SM-MH C negative cells in SXBXP treated groups were lower than those in control group. Meanwhile,the percentages of α-SMA and SM- MHC positive cells were increased in VSMCs treated with SXBXP,indicating that SXBXW prompted the transformation of RASMC P8 cells from synthetic to contractile phenotype. Conclusion: Chinese patent drug SXBXP played a role in transforming the cell phenotype from synthetic to the contraction in vascular smooth muscle. Therefore,SXBXP could effectively inhibit the proliferation of VSMCs.
Reply

We acknowledge the letter from Rayar et al. and all the comments that highlight the effectiveness of the model of early allograft function (MEAF) score to grade early allograft dysfunction (EAD) severity. Nonetheless, we would like to clarify some remarks. In the new population, Rayar et al. found a significant correlation between the MEAF score and graft survival. Although this finding is in agreement with our previously published data, MEAF score was calculated only in 62% of their transplanted patients, which may introduce bias in the analysis (eg, data missing not at random). The authors claim that in their cohort, the capacity of the MEAF score to predict 3-month survival was inferior to the presence of EAD (as measured by Olthoff’s classification). However, this statement is substantiated in the single evaluation of the sensitivity and specificity of both approaches using 8 as a cutoff value, thereby obviating the continuous nature of the MEAF score, which is one of its most important advantages against discrete scores. This feature also allows for a more efficient use of the Cox regression model for individual patient and graft survival analysis. A more proper comparison of areas under the curves could be performed using the Delong test or Venkatraman test. We agree that the MEAF score presents some limitations, such as it cannot be calculated in the case of graft or patient death within the first 2 postoperative days (PODs). Although this subgroup only represents a small number of patients (typically <3%) and includes other causes not related to poor graft function, it would be desirable to develop a model to quickly assess graft function in this set of patients. Unfortunately, none of the current EAD classifications can be applied within 2 PODs. Therefore, as pointed out by Rayar et al., future efforts should be made to overcome such limitations. We agree that 10 could be a suitable value for those patients or grafts for whom the MEAF score could not be calculated due to retransplantation or patient death. In the case of primary nonfunction (PNF), it constitutes an adequately and clinically welldefined entity in which retransplant is usually required within 2-3 PODs. Finally, we disagree that the use of a calculator may limit the clinical practice of the MEAF score; in fact, other scores such as the Model for End-Stage Liver Disease score or donor risk index, which are fully applied in the clinical routine, need a calculator to be used. Furthermore, recipients’ MEAF scores can easily be calculated at the bedside with a nomogram (Fig. 2), in laboratories with the MEAF score equation (see Equation 1), or with the Excel file provided as supporting information in Pareja et al.
Influence of polysaccharides on the taste and mouthfeel of white wine

Background and Aims Mouthfeel attributes of white wine contribute to its style and therefore to the context in which it is most appropriately consumed. The effect of polysaccharides on the mouthfeel of white wine and their interaction with pH, ethanol and phenolic substances was determined. Methods and Results White wine polysaccharides and polysaccharide fractions, defined by molecular mass and composition, were added to either white or model white wine of variable pH and concentration of alcohol and phenolic substances to assess their effect on white wine taste and mouthfeel. A higher concentration of polysaccharides reduced perceived palate hotness. The effect of polysaccharides on mouthfeel and taste was independent of the concentration of phenolic substances. A medium molecular mass polysaccharide fraction of 13–93 kDa, containing arabinogalactan protein and mannoprotein reduced palate hotness and increased viscosity at higher pH. Conclusions Polysaccharides had a relatively small effect on mouthfeel and taste compared with the effect of wine pH and ethanol. Medium molecular mass polysaccharides were mostly responsible for the difference in perceived hotness and viscosity. Significance of the Study Palate hotness is a negative characteristic in white table wines. Winemaking practices that increase the concentration of arabinogalactan protein and low molecular mass mannoprotein could assist in masking palate hotness in white wine. Management of pH and alcohol can also be used to significantly influence the taste and mouthfeel in white wine.
Challenges and opportunities for managing pediatric central nervous system tumors in China

Central nervous system (CNS) tumors represent the most deadly cancer in pediatric age group. In China, thousands of children are diagnosed with CNS tumors every year. Despite the improving socioeconomic status and availability of medical expertise within the country, unique challenges remain for the delivery of pediatric neuro‐oncology service. In this review, we discuss the existing hurdles for improving the outcome of children with CNS tumors in China. Need for precise disease burden estimation, lack of intra‐ and inter‐hospital collaborative networks, high probability of treatment abandonment, along with financial toxicities from treatment represent the key challenges that Chinese healthcare providers encounter. The tremendous opportunities for advancing the status of pediatric neuro‐oncology care in and beyond the country are explored.
The Chinese Ways of Coping Questionnaire: Assessing coping in secondary school teachers and students in Hong Kong.

Chinese secondary school students and teachers (N = 657) responded to the Chinese version of the Ways of Coping Questionnaire (WCQ). Factor analysis revealed that their coping activities could be adequately described by 4 relatively independent dimensions: Rational Problem-Solving, Resigned Distancing, Seeking Support and Ventilation, and Passive Wishful Thinking. The 4 scales derived from this emergent 4-factor structure compared favorably with the original 8 WCQ coping scales in internal consistency, interscale associations, and prediction of adaptational outcomes of global and specific psychological distress, suggesting that they are a viable alternative to the 8 original scales for assessing coping in the Chinese population
Corrigendum

Example and references given below serve as supporting data. 1. Mood (1971, p. 196–197) Commonality partitions are “not orthogonal” and although the F test for uniqueness coefficients can be used, the “tests are not independent”. 2. Craeger (1971, p. 673), referencing to Mood’s partitioning methods Commonality “partitions are additive (i.e. not orthogonal) because the ‘unique parts’ are determined by regression and the rest are determined by subtraction from the total” 3. Example Although Thompson (2006, p. 278) indicated that commonality analysis partitions Multiple R into “constituent, nonoverlapping parts”, it can be demonstrated that commonality coefficients may indeed overlap. Take the case of r(DV,IV1) = 0.5, r(DV,IV2) = 0 and r(IV1,IV2)=0.5, the uniqueness coefficients for IV1 and IV2 (0.333, 0.083, respectively) sum to a value greater than the Multiple R of 0.333. This example suggests that although the commonality coefficients sum to Multiple R because of the additive principle previously discussed, the “unique” predictive ability of IV1 and IV2 appear to overlap.
Third International Workshop on Squeezed States and Uncertainty Relations

This conference publication contains the proceedings of the Second International Workshop on Squeezed States and Uncertainty Relations held in Moscow, Russia, on 25-29 May 1992. The purpose of this workshop was to study possible applications of squeezed states of light. The Workshop brought together many active researchers in squeezed states of light and those who may find the concept of squeezed states useful in their research, particularly in understanding the uncertainty relations. It was found at this workshop that the squeezed state has a much broader implication than the two-photon coherent states in quantum optics, since the squeeze transformation is one of the most fundamental transformations in physics.
Interracial and intraracial quasi-counseling interactions when counselors avoid discussing race.

Dyadic interactions composed of Black clients and White or Black race-avoidant counselors in 1-time quasi-counseling sessions were influenced by myriad factors, including how these clients responded to influential purveyors of a race-neutralizing climate. 24 interactions were analyzed to identify significant patterns in the counseling process. The following core categories related to interactional quality were uncovered: smooth, exasperated, constricted, and disjunctive.
Complications of Falciparum Malaria Infections among Ghanaian Children; from the Healthcare Personnel’s Perspective

Background and Aim: Malaria is known to be the most widespread tropical disease and a chief cause of morbidity and mortality in Africa. This study was conducted to determine some common complications of falciparum malaria in children, from the perspective of healthcare personnel in Kumasi, Ghana. Materials and Methods: This questionnaire-based cross-sectional study was carried out at the Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital (KATH) in Kumasi, Ghana. The study population included health care professionals working at the children`s unit of the hospital. About 80 healthcare personnel were recruited to partake in the survey for eliciting views on malaria. Questionnaires were used to capture some symptoms and complications of malaria from the health workers’ point of view. Results: More than half of the healthcare personnel were males (52.5%), and majority of the participants were medical officers. The study participants elaborated on some common malaria symptoms among children. Fever recorded the highest frequency, represented by 98.8%, followed by general malaise (97.4%), nausea and vomiting (93.8%), chills (78.8%) and headaches (72.5%). Prostration (45.0%), hyperpyrexia (38.75%) and hypoglycemia (13.75%) were the most frequently reported complications by the respondents. Majority of the participants reported cerebral malaria (30.0%), severe anemia (23.75%), acute respiratory distress (17.5%) and repeated generalized convulsions (16.25%) to be the most lethal feature of complicated malaria infection in children. The overwhelming majority of the respondents (90.0%) use the WHO 2014 standard (page2) as guide for determining complicated malaria. Conclusion: Prostration with hyperpyrexia and hypoglycemia were the most common features of falciparum malaria from the perspective of healthcare personnel in Kumasi, Ghana.
A monoclonal antibody that recognizes phosphatidylinositol inhibits induction of tumor necrosis factor alpha by different strains of Plasmodium falciparum

The clinical symptoms of human malaria are mediated, at least in part, by the release of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF) by monocytes and macrophages. We have found that lysates of Plasmodium falciparum-infected erythrocytes stimulate the secretion of TNF from human mononuclear cells, and we have generated several immunoglobulin M monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) that inhibit the induction of TNF by such lysates. Here we describe the properties of MAb 5AB3-11, which causes dose-dependent inhibition of the TNF-inducing factors derived from P. falciparum-infected erythrocytes, with a 50% reduction in TNF secretion at nanomolar concentrations (1 to 2 micrograms/ml). The inhibitory effect appears to be malaria specific in that the induction of TNF by either lipopolysaccharide or lipoteichoic acid is not affected. MAb 5AB3-11 binds to liposomes containing phosphatidylinositol but not to other phospholipid liposomes, showing that it recognizes a phosphatidylinositol-like epitope. MAb 5AB3-11 inhibits the induction of TNF by whole lysates from several strains of P. falciparum which originated from different parts of the tropics, indicating that all of the major TNF-inducing factors derived from Plasmodium-infected erythrocytes contain a common epitope. A phosphatidylinositol-like epitope expressed by Plasmodium-infected erythrocytes may be a suitable immunological target for the prevention or treatment of severe malaria.
Noninvasive genetic tracking of the endangered Pyrenean brown bear population

Pyrenean brown bears Ursus arctos are threatened with extinction. Management efforts to preserve this population require a comprehensive knowledge of the number and sex of the remaining individuals and their respective home ranges. This goal has been achieved using a combination of noninvasive genetic sampling of hair and faeces collected in the field and corresponding track size data. Genotypic data were collected at 24 microsatellite loci using a rigorous multiple‐tubes approach to avoid genotyping errors associated with low quantities of DNA. Based on field and genetic data, the Pyrenean population was shown to be composed at least of one yearling, three adult males, and one adult female. These data indicate that extinction of the Pyrenean brown bear population is imminent without population augmentation. To preserve the remaining Pyrenean gene pool and increase genetic diversity, we suggest that managers consider population augmentation using only females. This study demonstrates that comprehensive knowledge of endangered small populations of mammals can be obtained using noninvasive genetic sampling.