Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Glial Role in the Action of Electroconvulsive Therapy

Background: Volumetric changes and glial pathology have been reported in the central nervous system (CNS) of patients with depressive disorder, an illness often associated with elevated glucocorticoid levels. Glucocorticoids reduce gliogenesis in the adult rat CNS. Electroconvulsive seizure (ECS)-treatment, an animal model for the antidepressant treatment electroconvulsive therapy, can enhance proliferation of glial cells. This study examined glial cell proliferation in response to ECS in rats whose glucocorticoid levels were elevated to mimic the conditions seen in depression. Methods: Rats were injected daily for seven days with either corticosterone or vehicle. ECS-or sham-treatment was given once daily during the first five days. Proliferating cells in the hippocampus were labeled with bromodeoxyuridine and analyzed for co-labeling with the glial cell markers NG2, Ox42, S-100 (cid:1) and Rip. Results: ECS counteracted the glucocorticoid-induced inhibition of NG2 (cid:2) , Ox42 (cid:2) and Rip (cid:2) cell proliferation, and the gliogenesis rate was restored to baseline levels. Volumetric changes in rats treated with ECS were detected. Conclusions: Our results show that ECS-treatment affects the proliferation of glial cells even in the presence of elevated levels of glucocorticoids. This result adds to an increasing number of studies suggesting that antidepressant treatment can counteract degenerative processes associated with major depression.
additive effect of oral lDD175 to tamsulosin and finasteride in a benign prostate hyperplasia rat model

Objective: We investigated the benefits of the BK Ca agonist 4-chloro-7-trifluoromethyl-10H-benzo[4,5]furo[3,2-b]indole-1-carboxylic acid (LDD175) combined with tamsulosin and finasteride, in a benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) rat model. Materials and methods: Castration was performed by bilateral orchiectomy under ketamine anesthesia. A rat model of BPH was established by daily intramuscular administration of testosterone propionate plus 17 β -estradiol for 8 weeks. Model rats were administered combinations of 20 mg/kg LDD175, 0.01 mg/kg tamsulosin and 1 mg/kg finasteride once daily by oral gavage for 4 weeks from week 6 to 9 post-surgery. Intraurethral pressure induced by electrostimulation of the hypogastric nerve was measured at the end of administration. Body and genitourinary organ weights were recorded, serums were assayed for hormone concentrations, and tissues were subjected to histopathology, and analyses of α 1-adrenoceptor mRNA and protein expression levels after treatment. Results: Combined LDD175, tamsulosin, and finasteride significantly decreased prostatic index, serum hormone levels, epithelial thickness, and prostate expression of α 1-adrenoceptors in BPH model rats. The 3-drug combination was more effective than any other combination or LDD175 alone. Conclusion: These results suggest that LDD175 addition to tamsulosin and finasteride may be beneficial for the treatment of BPH patients who do not respond to tamsulosin plus finasteride.
PpEG4 is a peach endo- b -1,4-glucanase gene whose expression in climacteric peaches does not follow a climacteric pattern*

In peach ( Prunus persica L. Batsch.) the degradation of the pectic compounds of the cell wall is considered to be the principal component responsible for fruit softening. Many genes encoding enzymes acting on the different polymers of the pectic matrix have been shown to be highly expressed during the late phases of softening, with polygalacturonase being the most important. Nevertheless, it is known that softening starts well before the ethylene climacteric rise which occurs concomitant with the maximal expression of the pectolytic enzymes. The cloning and characterization of PpEG4 , an endo- b -1,4-glucanase (EGase) gene preferentially expressed in preclimacteric fruits, are presented here. PpEG4 belongs to the group of EGases containing, at their carboxy-terminus, a peptide similar to the cellulose binding domain of microbial origin. This EGase is also expressed during abscission of both leaves and fruits. The effect of exogenous ethylene treatments on PpEG4 transcription is null in young fruits and negative in preclimacteric ones, while it is positive in abscission zones. Thus, the expression of PpEG4 seems to be more dependent on the type of separation process rather than being inﬂuenced by a direct hormone action. The ability of the PpEG4 regulatory sequences to drive transcription in cells undergoing separation events is also main-tained in tomato, where about 3 kb of the gene promoter could drive the expression of gusA in preclimacteric fruits and in the fruit abscission zones.
Exogenous HGF Bypasses the Effects of ErbB Inhibition on Tumor Cell Viability in Medulloblastoma Cell Lines

Recent clinical trials investigating receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) inhibitors showed a limited clinical response in medulloblastoma. The present study investigated the role of micro-environmental growth factors expressed in the brain, such as HGF and EGF, in relation to the effects of hepatocyte growth factor receptor (MET) and epidermal growth factor receptor family (ErbB1-4) inhibition in medulloblastoma cell lines. Medulloblastoma cell lines were treated with tyrosine kinase inhibitors crizotinib or canertinib, targeting MET and ErbB1-4, respectively. Upon treatment, cells were stimulated with VEGF-A, PDGF-AB, HGF, FGF-2 or EGF. Subsequently, we measured cell viability and expression levels of growth factors and downstream signaling proteins. Addition of HGF or EGF phosphorylated MET or EGFR, respectively, and demonstrated phosphorylation of Akt and ERK1/2 as well as increased tumor cell viability. Crizotinib and canertinib both inhibited cell viability and phosphorylation of Akt and ERK1/2. Specifically targeting MET using shRNA’s resulted in decreased cell viability. Interestingly, addition of HGF to canertinib significantly enhanced cell viability as well as phosphorylation of Akt and ERK1/2. The HGF-induced bypass of canertinib was reversed by addition of crizotinib. HGF protein was hardly released by medulloblastoma cells itself. Addition of canertinib did not affect RTK cell surface or growth factor expression levels. This manuscript points to the bypassing capacity of exogenous HGF in medulloblastoma cell lines. It might be of great interest to anticipate on these results in developing novel clinical trials with a combination of MET and EGFR inhibitors in medulloblastoma.
Evolutionary Process for Integrating COTS-Based Systems (EPIC): An Overview

Government and private organizations are escalating their use of commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) and other pre-existing components in critical business systems. Attempts to exploit these components through use of traditional engineering approaches that involve defining requirements, formulating an architecture, and then searching for components that meet the specified requirements within the defined architecture have been disappointing. The Evolutionary Process for Integrating COTS-based systems (EPIC) redefines acquisition, management, and engineering practices to more effectively leverage the COTS marketplace and other sources of pre-existing components. This is accomplished through concurrent discovery and negotiation of diverse spheres of influence: user needs and business processes, applicable technology and components, the target architecture, and programmatic constraints. EPIC codifies these practices in a structured flow of key activities and artifacts. This alternative approach is a risk-based, disciplined, spiral-engineering approach which leverages the Rational Unified Process (RUP). This document is the first release of an overview of the EPIC framework along with its activities and artifacts. The first release of the full description of EPIC is found in the Software Engineering Institute technical report: Evolutionary Process for Integrating COTS-Based Systems (EPIC). These documents will be updated based on reader's comments and lessons learned from use of EPIC.
A decision-making process to undergo orthodontic treatment: a qualitative study

Background: Orthodontics is a medical treatment and a rehabilitation service provided for individuals in need. Due to the high cost involved in performing this type of treatment along with the current attitude in communities toward it as a cosmetic service, it is essential to investigate the decision-making process to undergo orthodontic interventions among Iranian individuals and families. Methods: To conduct this qualitative study using grounded theory, 18 participants were selected through purposive sampling method and received semi-structured interviews each lasting 50–70 minutes. Eventually, the data were saturated after the fulfillment of 19 interviews. During the interviews, simultaneous analysis was also performed according to the method proposed by Strauss and Corbin (1998) and then the data were analyzed within three stages of open, axial, and selective coding. Results: Analysis of the clients’ statements produced 207 codes, 22 sub-categories, and 9 main categories, including distorted mental self-image, hope to look more attractive, inappropriate interactions with family and those around, family’s views toward the problem, social conditions, financial constraints, challenges in the family, as well as decision making to undergo orthodontic treatment, and finally, the main factor of hope for a better future were highlighted. Conclusion: The results showed that the main facilitating factor was “hope for a better future” for which families could accept numerous difficulties, such as high cost and repeated follow-ups due to the importance of beauty and meeting their children’s sense of satisfaction.
ablation of McM10 using crisPr/cas9 restrains the growth and migration of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma cells through inhibition of akt signaling

carcinoma. However, the expression and biologic role of MCM10 in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is still unknown. Methods: In this study, we performed immunohistochemistry and real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis to examine the expression of MCM10 in ESCC and adjacent normal esophageal tissues. The associations of MCM10 expression with clinicopathologic parameters of ESCC were analyzed. Ablation of MCM10 through the CRISPR/Cas9 technology was conducted and its impact on ESCC cell growth and migration was investigated. Results: The mRNA and protein expression levels of MCM10 were significantly greater in ESCC than in normal tissues ( P , 0.001). The expression of MCM10 was significantly associated with age at diagnosis ( P = 0.033), but not with gender, differentiation grade, invasion status, or tumor–node–metastasis (TNM) stage. Knockout of MCM10 significantly suppressed the proliferation, colony formation, and migration capacity of EC109 ESCC cells, compared to control cells harboring wild-type MCM10. Mechanistically, MCM10 depletion markedly reduced the phosphorylation of Akt. Overexpression of constitutively active Akt significantly restored the aggressive phenotype of MCM10-null EC109 cells. Conclusion: In conclusion, these results suggest that MCM10 acts as an oncogene in ESCC through activation of Akt signaling and represents a promising therapeutic target for this malignancy.
Comparison of microleakage in Class II cavities restored with silorane-based and methacrylate-based composite resins using different restorative techniques over time

Background: Despite the growing tendency toward tooth-colored restorations in dentistry, polymerization shrinkage and subsequent marginal microleakage remains a problem. The aim of this in vitro study was to compare microleakage between silorane-based and methacrylate-based composite resins at different time intervals and with different restorative techniques. Materials and Methods: In this in vitro study, 108 sound extracted human molar teeth were used. Mesial and distal proximal class II boxes with dimensions of 1.5 mm depth and 4 mm width were prepared. The gingival margins of all cavities were 1 mm below the cement enamel junction. The teeth were randomly divided into three groups based on test materials. In the first group, the teeth were restored by a nanocomposite (Filtek Z350XT, 3MESPE) and SE Bond adhesive (Kuraray, Japan), in the second group, the teeth were restored with a silorane-based (Filtek P90, 3MESPE) and Filtek P90 Adhesive (3M ESPE, USA) and in the third group, the teeth were restored with a microhybrid posterior composite resin (Filtek P60, 3MESPE) and SE Bond adhesive (Kuraray, Japan). Half of the proximal cavities in each of these three groups were restored in two horizontal layers and the other half in four horizontal layers. After a period of aging (24-h, 3-month and 6-month) in water and then application of 500 thermal cycles, the teeth were immersed for 24-h in 0.5% fuchsin and evaluated under a stereomicroscope at ×36 magnification to evaluate leakage in gingival margin. Data was statistically analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U-tests. P ≤ 0.05 was considered as significant. Results: In Z350XT statistically significant differences were observed in microleakage in comparison of 24-h and 6-month intervals (P = 0.01) that was higher in 6-month. Comparison of microleakage in P90 and P60 composite resins was also statistically significant and was less in P90. Microleakage was not significantly different between P90 and Z350XT at 24-h. However, this difference was significant at 3-month and 6-month intervals. Differences in microleakage of P60 and Z-350XT composite resins were not statistically significant in all intervals (P = 0.38). P90 showed the lowest microleakage during storage in water. Z350XT had microleakage similar to P90 within 24-h, but after 6-month of storage in water, it showed the highest microleakage among all the groups. The number of layers (2 layers vs. 4 layers) did not result in any differences in microleakage scores of the composite resins (P = 0.42). Conclusion: Water storage times did not result in any significant effect on microleakage of P90 and P60.
network meta-analysis of treatment regimens for inoperable advanced hepatocellular carcinoma with portal vein invasion

Purpose: We assessed the efficacy and safety of different modalities using the network meta-analysis for inoperable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with portal vein invasion. The interested modalities included stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) combined with transarterial chemoembolization (TACE), three-dimensional radiotherapy (3D-RT) combined with hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy (HAIC) or TACE, TACE plus sorafenib, and use of SBRT, HAIC, sorafenib, and TACE alone. Methods: PubMed and Cochrane Library electronic databases were systematically searched for eligible studies published up to June 2017. We used network meta-analysis to compare the disease control rate (DCR) and severe adverse events for the eight interested regimens included in this analysis. Study quality was assessed following the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations method. Results: Fifteen studies published between 2010 and 2016 involving a total of 2,359 patients were enrolled in this network meta-analysis. With indirect comparison of DCR and overall safety, the pooled results showed that RT plus HAIC was the most effective regimen in treating advanced HCC with portal vein tumor thrombosis, followed by RT plus TACE. HAIC alone and sorafenib combined with HAIC appeared least effective intervention regimens. The incidence of treatment-related adverse events of grade 3 or 4 occurred less in the patients who received SBRT alone compared with other interested regimens. Conclusion: 3D-RT combined with HAIC or TACE showed more favorable treatment responses compared with other regimens in advanced HCC patients with portal vein tumor thrombosis.
in the North Atlantic Ocean as determined from SSM/I and SSM/T2 observations

Satellite microwave (special sensor microwave/imager (SSM/I) and special sensor microwave water vapor sounder (SSM/T2)) data are used to study the large-scale cloud and precipitation features during January 1993 in the North Atlantic (30°–80°N, 80°W–30°E). Modification and validation of existing retrieval algorithms are made so that these algorithms are more suitable for high-latitude situations. A new algorithm for atmospheric ice/snow retrieval using SSM/T2 data is developed. Although no direct validation has been conducted, the retrieved large-scale ice water path distribution compares well with a snowfall frequency climatology derived from shipboard present-weather reports. Monthly mean distributions of water vapor path, liquid water path, ice water path, and rainfall rate are investigated in relation to sea surface temperature. The results show that the magnitude of precipitable water is highly correlated with the absolute value of sea surface temperature. The largest values of liquid water path and rainfall are found over the Gulf Stream. Snowfall is greatest off the east coast of Canada, which is thought to correspond to the shallow convection associated with cold air outbreaks from the continent. Fresh water flux (precipitation minus evaporation) retrieved from satellite data show that rainfall and evaporation are almost in balance in the middle of North Atlantic (40°–60°N, 50°–10°W), while rainfall is larger than evaporation north of this region, and evaporation is larger than rainfall to the south. Also, high values of fresh water fluxes are found along the Gulf Stream. Strong correlation was found between northward water vapor transport across 60°N parallel and the cloud and precipitation properties in the Greenland Sea, implying that horizontal water vapor transport from lower latitudes plays an important role in the cloud development in this region.
A systematic meta-analysis.

and examined only typhoid and/or polio were excluded. Although we abstracted data for all types of health outcomes, in this analysis we focused on GI illness because it has Despite numerous studies, uncertainty remains about how water quality indicators can best be used in the regulation of recreational water. We conducted a systematic review of this topic with the goal of quantifying the association between microbial indicators of recreational water quality and gastrointestinal (GI) illness. A secondary goal was to evaluate the potential for GI illness below current guidelines. We screened 976 potentially relevant studies and from these identiﬁed 27 studies. From the latter, we determined summary relative risks for GI illness in relation to water quality indicator density. Our results support the use of enterococci in marine water at U.S. Environmental Protection Agency guideline levels. In fresh water, Escherichia coli was a more consistent predictor of GI illness than are enterococci and other bacterial indicators. A log (base 10) unit increase in enterococci was associated with a 1.34 [95% conﬁdence intervals (CI), 1.00–1.75] increase in relative risk in marine waters, and a log (base 10) unit increase in E. coli was associated with a 2.12 (95% CI, 0.925–4.85) increase in relative risk in fresh water. Indicators of viral contamination were strong predictors of GI illness in both fresh and marine environments. Signiﬁcant heterogeneity was noted among the studies. In our analysis of heterogeneity, studies that used a nonswimming control group, studies that focused on children, and studies of athletic or other recreational events found elevated relative risks. Future studies should focus on the ability of new, more rapid and speciﬁc microbial methods to predict health effects, and estimating the risks of recreational water exposure among susceptible persons. words:
Organic Nitrates: Past, Present and Future

Nitric oxide (NO) is one of the most important vasodilator molecules produced by the endothelium. It has already been established that NO/cGMP signaling pathway deficiencies are involved in the pathophysiological mechanisms of many cardiovascular diseases. In this context, the development of NO-releasing drugs for therapeutic use appears to be an effective alternative to replace the deficient endogenous NO and mimic the role of this molecule in the body. Organic nitrates represent the oldest class of NO donors that have been clinically used. Considering that tolerance can occur when these drugs are applied chronically, the search for new compounds of this class with lower tolerance potential is increasing. Here, we briefly discuss the mechanisms involved in nitrate tolerance and highlight some achievements from our group in the development of new organic nitrates and their preclinical application in cardiovascular disorders.
Contents of The American Journal of Psychiatry

1490 Effects of ketamine on leading saccades during smooth-pursuit eye movementsmay implicate cerebellar dysfunction in schizophrenia MatthewT. Avila,Martin A.Weiler, Adrienne C.Lahti,Carol A.Tamminga, and Gunvant K.Thaker 1497 Cortical and subcortical graymatter abnormalities in schizophrenia determined through structural magnetic resonance imaging with optimized volumetric voxel-based morphometry Hema Ananth, Ioana Popescu, Hugo D.Critchley,Catriona D.Good, Richard S. J. Frackowiak, and Raymond J.Dolan
Chronic depression: Responses to transcranial magnetic stimulation and considerations of a developmental construction of self

There are two components to this thesis, one applied and one theoretical: (1) to investigate whether treatment response to Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) can be predicted by depressive subtypes and (2) to explore the contribution of personality to chronic depression. Participants were 67 adults volunteering for clinical trials of TMS. In the first component individuals were separated into two groups, melancholic and non-melancholic. Both groups showed a significant reduction in their depressive symptomatology following treatment. Individuals had also been administered a measure for Depressive Personality Disorder (DPD). When the individuals were classified based on DPD groups, both those with a DPD and those without, reported a reduction in their depressive symptoms. When controlling for initial differences in depression in the two groups, however, depressive symptoms following intervention did not differ significantly. Nevertheless, the DPD group moved from severe to moderate depression, and the non-DPD group from moderate to minimal. Treatment implications for individuals with affective disorders that may be influenced by underlying personality pathology are discussed. In the second component individuals were compared on instruments assessing object relations, parental bonding and defence styles. Most participants met criteria for a DPD and endorsed disturbances in their object relations; these consisted of insecure attachments, egocentric relations, a sense of alienation and social incompetence in relationships. Further, they reported lower levels of care from both parents and higher use of immature defences. The DPD group reported higher depressed affect.