Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The genomic landscape of language: Insights into evolution

Studies of severe, monogenic forms of language disorders have revealed important insights into the mechanisms that underpin language development and evolution. It is clear that monogenic mutations in genes such as FOXP2 and CNTNAP2 only account for a small proportion of language disorders seen in children, and the genetic basis of language in modern humans is highly complex and poorly understood. In this review, we examine why we understand so little of the genetic landscape of language disorders, and how the genetic background of an individual greatly affects the way in which a genetic change is expressed. We discuss how the underlying genetics of language disorders has informed our understanding of language evolution, and how recent advances may obtain a clearer picture of language capacity in ancient hominins.
Short Term Effect of He-Ne Laser on Jatropha curcas Leaf Development and Amino Acid Biosynthesis: More Insights in Developmental Genetics of Oil Producing Plants

JATROPHA curcas is a promising plant for biodiesel production. One tentative way to increase oil production is using non traditional physical methods such as laser. It had been shown before that laser could enhance plant growth and development as general. In this study, the DNA was extracted from leaves of plants grown from seeds collected from different regions in Egypt and tested using PCR to confirm their homogenousity. Then, the fully expanded leaves of Jatropha (6- week- old plants) were exposed to a dose equaling 300 mJ cm-2 Helium-Neon (He-Ne) laser. The effect of the administered dose on the photosynthetic pigment expression, chloroplast biogenesis and total amino acid biosynthesis were evaluated after 0, 1 and 24 h post irradiation. Laser treatment in this work did enhance all the previousely mentioned parametrs as will be discussed further in relation to the possibility of using laser as a novel protocol to enhance field crop plants as general.
Factors Affecting Mycoparasitism of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum by Trichoderma spp.

: Studies on investigating the factors favoring mycoparasitism of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum by Trichoderma spp. indicated that both temperature and pH have a significant effect on mycoparasitism. Trichoderma viride at 15°C and T. harzianum (Th3) at 25°C were most effective in inhibiting mycelial growth of 86.90 percent and 78.96 percent respectively. In the case of pH, Th3 was inhibited up to 92 per cent growth of S. sclerotiorum at pH 5 while at pH 7 it was inhibited up to 79 per cent of growth of pathogen. In a combination of different temperature and pH, Th3 inhibited up to 81, 73 and 60 per cent growth at pH 5, 7 and 9 and Temperature at 15°C respectively. At 25°C Th3 inhibited 86, 82 and 55 per cent growth of pathogen at pH 5, 7 and 9 respectively. Th3 was very effective at temperature of 15°C, 25°C as well as pH of 5 and 7 against S. sclerotiorum by inhibiting their myceial growth.
Effect of the stage of maturity on the leaf percentage of lucerne and the effect of additives on silage characteristics

The first part of the study concerns the effect of the stage of maturity on nutrient content and leaf percentage of lucerne (Medicago sativa). The plants of lucerne were harvested and analysed at several stages of growth. The crop yield and changes in the concentration of nutrients were determined. The leaf percentage from whole herbage and leaf yield were determined as well. The leaf percentage at the growth stage of small buds was significantly (P < 0.05) higher than at the growth stage of bloom in all three cuts (1st cut 52.7% vs. 46.62%; 2nd cut 52.03% vs. 44.70%; 3rd cut 50.58% vs. 46.26%). Crude protein content of lucerne was decreased significantly (P < 0.05) from the large bud growth stage (small buds 219.6 g/kg DM and large buds 203.1 g/kg DM vs. bloom 173.5 and after bloom 154.2). In the second part of the study, the effect of silage additives on fermentation characteristics of lucerne was investigated. The bacterial inoculant (containing homoand heterofermentative lactic acid bacteria), chemical additive (containing formic acid, propionic acid, ammonium formate and benzoic acid) and the bacterial inoculant with benzoic acid were used for the improvement of fermentation process.The addition of the inoculant with L. buchneri increased acetic acid (P < 0.05) concentration compared to the silage with chemical additive (group I with inoculant – 1.22%; group Ch with chemical additive – 0.84%; group ICh with chemical additive and inoculant – 1.43). Control silage (C) without additive contained 1.14% acetic acid in dry matter.
Classification of Premature Ventricular Contraction (PVC) based on ECG
 Signal using Convolutional Neural Network

This study observes one of the ECG signal abnormalities, which is the Premature Ventricular Contraction (PVC). Many studies applied a machine learning technique to develop a computer-aided diagnosis to classify normal and PVC conditions of ECG signals. The common process to obtain information from the ECG signal is by performing a feature extraction process. Since the ECG signal is a complex signal, there is a need to reduce the signal dimension to produce an optimal feature set. However, these processes can remove the information contained in the signal. Therefore, this study process the original ECG signal using a Convolutional Neural Network to avoid losing information. The input data were in the form of both one beat of normal ECG signal or PVC with size 1x200. The classification used four layers of convolutional neural network (CNN). There were eight 1x1 filters used in the input. Simultaneously, 16 and 32 of 1x1 filters were used in the second and the fourth convolutional layers, respectively. Thus the system produced a fully connected layer consisted of 512 neurons, while the output layer consisted of 2 neurons. The system is tested using 11361 beats of ECG data and achieved the highest accuracy of 99.59%, with the 10-fold cross-validation. This study emphasizes an opportunity to develop a wearable device to detect PVC since CNN can be implemented into an embedded system or an IoT based system.
The Relationship Between Problematic Video Gaming, Problematic Facebook Use, and Self-Control Dimensions Among Female and Male Gamers

The development of new technology has contributed to changes in everyday functioning. However, one possible negative aspect of new technologies is their problematic, uncontrolled use. Dysfunctional self-control is a critical aspect of problematic behavior. Consequently, the present research investigated the relationship between problematic video gaming (PVG), problematic Facebook use (PFU), and self-control dimensions among female and male gamers. The study comprised 830 videogame players (350 female gamers) aged from 15 to 31 years. PFU was assessed using the Facebook Intrusion Scale, and PVG was assessed using the Problem Video Game Playing Questionnaire. Self-control dimensions were assessed using the 50-item Nowy Arkusz Samowiedzy (Self-Knowledge New Sheet; NAS-50). Findings showed that lower goal maintenance was associated with higher PFU, whereas lower initiative and persistence was associated with higher PVG among both groups. Additionally, there was a negative association between inhibition and adjournment and problematic behaviors among male gamers. In contrast, PFU was associated inhibition and adjournment among female gamers. The findings demonstrate the difference between both genders in the relationship between PVG and self-control. These findings enable a better understanding of the relationship between problematic behaviors and self-control among gamers and the differences between female and male gamers.
ANTIBIOTICS SUSCEPTIBILITY PATTERNS OF BACTERIAL SPECIES ISOLATED FROM FRESH SEA FISHES SOLD IN MARKETS IN WARRI, DELTA STATE NIGERIA

Five fresh sea fishes (Tilapia sp, Chrysichthys nigrodigitatus, Citharinus sp, Tilapia guineensis, and Lates niloticus) bought from the main market and makava market in Warri Delta State Nigeria were investigated for their bacterial flora using standard conventional plating techniques. The total aerobic viable counts ranges from 7.5×106 CFU/mL for Lates niloticus to 7.0×107 CFU/mL for Citharinus sp; while the mean coliform counts range from 3.6×105 CFU/mL for Citharinus sp to 4.4×106 CFU/mL for Tilapia guineensis. Eight bacterial species were isolated; these include; Bacillus cereus, Vibrio cholerae, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Aeromonas hydrophila, Escherichia coli, Salmonella sp, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Shigella dysenteriae. The sensitivity profile of the isolates using some antibiotics battery shows that Vibrio cholerae and Aeromonas hydrophila were sensitive to all the antibiotics, while other bacterial isolates elaborated varying degrees of sensitivity and resistance. The diameter of the zones of inhibition for sensitive isolates range from 16-27 mm, while that for the resistant isolates ranged from 0-13mm. The result also shows that Pseudomonas aeruginosa was resistant to 8 out of the 15 antibiotics used in this study, while the remaining bacterial isolates were resistant to 1-4 antibiotics. The occurrence of pathogenic bacterial species with multiple drug resistance in sea fishes called for the proper pre-treatment of human, animal and domestic wastes before being dumped into the sea and fresh water environment, in order to reduce the possible contamination of this essential food resource (fish) with the consequent health implications.
Who ‘let all this happen’? Shifts of responsibilities in representing the Cultural Revolution in Jung Chang’s Wild Swans

A number of Chinese migrant writers have achieved success in writing in English, one of the most significant being Jung Chang, with her politically controversial Wild Swans. A key site for controversy is its attribution of historical responsibilities in describing China’s catastrophic Cultural Revolution (1966–1976). However, to date, little scholarly attention has been paid to the Chinese translation of this book, an unusual situation where the source text author partially contributed to the translation decision-making. This article seeks to examine the shifts of responsibilities in this translation with a focus on the linguistic representation of three participants in the event: Mao, Red Guards and general students. It adopts a functional translational stylistics approach to explore the combinational foregrounding patterns in transitivity and clause status. Based on both quantitative and qualitative results, this study has found latent but considerable grammatical patterns in shifting responsibilities from Mao to the youth in the Chinese translation. This implies a weakened influence of an anti-Maoist ideology in translating the book into Chinese.
Hyphodontia (Hymenochaetales, Basidiomycota) and similar taxa from Central Asia

Wood-inhabiting fungi are noteworthy components of woody ecosystems that are responsible for the decomposition and turnover of wood nutrients. While the diversity and ecology of these fungi in the temperate forests has been relatively well explored, little is known on diversity of these fungi in the arid and semi-arid forest ecosystems. This is the first study on diversity, distribution, and ecology of the fungal genus Hyphodontia s.l. in the five countries of Central Asia, viz., Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan. Altogether, 11 species are confirmed for the region, among which the following six species are reported for the first time from Central Asia: Hyphodontia alutaria, H. pallidula, Kneiffiella alutacea, Lyomyces crustosus, L. erastii, and L. sambuci. In addition to the morphological evidence, the identity of three species is confirmed with phylogenetic analysis based on ITS nuclear ribosomal DNA region. The spectra of known hosts for many of the studied species were e.
Drivers of water quality changes within the Laurentian Great Lakes region over the past 40 years

Water quality of freshwater lakes within the Laurentian Great Lakes region is vulnerable to degradation owing to multiple environmental stressors including climate change, alterations in land use, and the introduction of invasive species. Our research questions were two‐fold: (1) What are the temporal patterns and trends in water quality? (2) Are climate, invasive species and lake morphology associated with changes in water quality? Our study incorporated timeseries data for at least 20 years from 36 lakes in Ontario and Wisconsin sampled between 1976 and 2016. We evaluated patterns in water quality (total phosphorus [TP], total nitrogen, dissolved organic carbon [DOC], and chlorophyll a [Chl a]) using segmented regression analysis which identified significant breakpoints in Chl a and TP in the 1900s to mid‐2000s after which Chl a and TP began to increase, whereas breakpoints in DOC exhibited increasing trends prior to the year 2000 with levels declining afterward. Next, we examined linear trends in water quality and climate (temperature and precipitation) using Sen slope analysis where, generally, over the past 40 years, lake TP and Chl a have significantly declined, whereas DOC has increased. Lastly, we conducted a redundancy analysis (RDA) to identify how climate, lake morphology, and the presence of invasive dreissenid mussels contributed to changes in water quality. The RDA revealed that precipitation, air temperature, and morphology explained 73.1% of the variation in water quality trends for the Great Lakes whereas precipitation, temperature, morphology, and occurrence of mussels explained 45.6% of the variation for smaller inland lakes.
The Intention to Invest in Retail Bonds in Indonesia

The low rate of investment in retail bonds among state-owned enterprise employees is worrying because this product is aimed at this type of customer. The theory of planned behaviour explains the possible reason(s) why the employee is reluctant to invest in retail bonds. This study sheds light by adding the product involvement variable to the original model to identify the intention to spend and what the factors are those are influencing it. As predicted, attitude and subjective norm are positively related to the intention to invest in retail bonds. Based on the results of data processing, it was found that the attitude and subjective norm variables are factors that positively and significantly affect the intentions of ORI investment by IDX employees. Also, the results of data processing showed that intention had a significant effect on the investment behaviour of ORI by IDX employees. This study is limited to discussing the intentions of ORI investment by IDX employees, making it possible for other researchers to examine different variables.
Drought-induced changes in the antioxidant system and osmolyte content of poplar cuttings

Poplars are widely utilized in the intensive and biomass production, as well as in breeding and environment protection programmes. This experiment was performed to investigate the effect of drought stress on poplar clones (M-1, PE19/66 and B-229). Poplar clones were grown hydroponically under controlled conditions and exposed to drought stress by applying polyethylene glycol (PEG) 6000. The plant samples were collected and separated into roots and leaves. For estimation of antioxidant status, activities of different antioxidant enzymes were determined (superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), guaiacol peroxidase (POD), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), glutathione reductase (GR) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX)), as well as antiradical power (ARP) against hydroxyl ( ̇OH) radical using ESR spin-trapping. The water stress parameters like proline (PRO) content, activity of proline dehydrogenase (PDH) and glycine betaine (GB) content were determined. Drought stress had significant effects on PRO and GB contents, SOD, APX and CAT activities when compared to control. All investigated extracts were determined as good inhibitors for ̇OH radical reduction, especially clone M-1where there was an increase of ARP against ̇OH radical in drought condition what could help to prevent or meliorate oxidative damage. Results indicated that the M-1 clone had a greater accumulation of substances for osmotic adjustment and a more efficient enzymatic detoxification cycle for eliminating the negative effects caused by ROS under drought stress than clones B-229 and PE19/66. This study provides valuable information for understanding drought-responsive mechanisms in leaves and roots of poplar clones M-1, B-229 and PE19/66.
Dialectics of homophily in the formation of friendship groups in Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India

Friendship choice in university campuses has persisted as a perennial theme in social psychology. Contextualizing the studies with Intergroup Contact Theory can help illuminate the social dynamics of a heterogeneous community. Present work, conducted in Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India is an addition to this burgeoning field of literature. This article attempts to distil the role of interaction in the formation of friendship, highlighting the importance of homophily in the process. Furthermore, the chosen setting is a conscious attempt to overcome the significant western bias that exists in this field of enquiry. 495 respondents have been surveyed with the help of a structured questionnaire during the course of the research accounting to a total of 1,426 dyads that formed the unit of analysis. The study found strong evidence of homophily in the group formation within the university campus, even though classroom interaction emerges as the most significant factor. This article outlines that even though the degree and nature of interaction remain identity neutral, friendship choice is highly predicated upon homophilic association. Moreover, it is noted that duration of stay in the university does not, in any significant way, influence the factors of friendship choice.
DETERMINATION OF FACTORS RESPONSIBLE FOR THE CHANGE IN VEGETAL COVER IN KATSINA TOWN

The study examined the factors responsible for change in vegetation cover between 1999 and 2019. Decadal data for climatic variable (rainfall and temperature), Landsat satellite images and population data of 1999, 2009 and 2019 were used. Land use/Land cover Change Detection, linear time series and Spearman rank order correlation analysis were used. The results revealed that the extent change between (1999-2009) and (2009-2019) for built-up, vegetation and bare surface were; (+91.66, +276.41), (-4.06, -40.42) and (-27.44, -23.5) respectively. There were increasing trends in the built-up environment, population growth and rainfall at the rate of (19.3 km2 per-10), (110116 persons per-10) and (231.5mm per-10) respectively. There were decrease trend of temperature and vegetation cover at the rate of (-1.15oC per-10) and (-19.3 km2 per-10) respectively. Negative relationship exist between population growth (r = -0.938), built up (r = -0.987), rainfall (r = -0.982) and vegetation cover, while positive relationship exist between temperature (r = 0.965) and vegetation cover. The study conclude that temperature is the major factor influencing the loss in vegetation cover, rapid population growth and urban expansion were experienced during the study period. The study recommend five (5) trees should be planted per built-up structure in order to create more carbon sink and to improve vegetal resource which were affected by human activities and changing climatic variables
A Note on the Effects of Local Blockage and Dynamic Tuning on Tidal Turbine Performance

Numerical simulations are used to explore the potential for local blockage effects and dynamic tuning strategies to enhance the performance of turbines in tidal channels. Full- and partial-width arrays of turbines, modeled using the volume-flux-constrained actuator disc and blade element momentum theories, are embedded within a two-dimensional channel with a naturally low ratio of drag to inertial forces. For steady flow, the local blockage effect observed by varying the cross-stream spacing between the turbines is found to agree very well with the predictions of the two-scale actuator disc theory of Nishino and Willden (2012, “The Efficiency of an Array of Tidal Turbines Partially Blocking a Wide Channel,” J. Fluid Mech., 708, pp. 596–606). For oscillatory flow, however, results show that, consistent with the findings of Bonar et al. (2019, “On the Arrangement of Tidal Turbines in Rough and Oscillatory Channel Flow,” J. Fluid Mech., 865, pp. 790–810), the shorter and more highly blocked arrays produce considerably more power than predicted by two-scale theory. Results also show that, consistent with the findings of Vennell (2016, “An Optimal Tuning Strategy for Tidal Turbines,” Proc. R. Soc. A, 472(2195), p. 20160047), the “dynamic” tuning strategy, in which the tuning of the turbines is varied over the tidal cycle, can only produce significantly more power than a temporally fixed turbine tuning if the array has a large number of turbine rows or a large local blockage ratio. For all cases considered, trends are consistent between the two turbine representations but the effects of local blockage and dynamic tuning are found to be much less significant for the more realistic tidal rotor than for the idealized actuator disc.
Role of gender and social context in readiness for e-learning in Saudi high schools

ABSTRACT There is limited evidence of the effects of culture and context on student readiness for e-learning, and how these might interact with gender. This study addresses this gap by studying the effect of culture and context on the readiness of high school students to use e-learning in a unique setting: an education system in which male and female students are educated separately. A mixed methods research approach was adopted because of our emphasis on the subjective aspect of the concept of readiness. Findings demonstrate that there are clear differences between the genders, but that these must be interpreted carefully in this cultural setting. There is scope for further research that investigates this gender divide in other e-learning contexts, including those where male and female students learn together and those where other cultural factors may influence student readiness to use e-learning.
The effects of a job crafting intervention on the success of an organizational change effort in a blue‐collar work environment

The current study in a blue-collar context investigates whether a job crafting intervention may facilitate employee adaptation to organizational change, while decreasing exhaustion andincreasingpositiveattitudestowardschangeandsafetybehaviour.Itwashypothesizedthattheinterventionwouldincreasejobcraftingbehaviours(i.e.,seekingresources, seeking challenges, and optimizing demands) resulting indecreased employee exhaustion, and improved change attitudes and employee safety behaviour (i.e., adherence to organization’s standard operating procedures). The quasi-experimental study revealed that, after the intervention (consisting of a workshop, four weeks of job crafting implementation, and an evaluative session), employees reported an increase in two of the three trained job crafting strategies (i.e., seeking challenges, optimizing demands). Moreover,thosewhoparticipatedintheinterventionreportedlowerlevelsofexhaustion,improvedcognitiveandbehaviouralattitudestowardschange,andincreasedsafetybehaviour.Theinterventionwasfoundtoimprovetheaffective,cognitive,andbehavioural components of a change attitude due to increases in seeking challenges. Results were similaraftercontrollingforqualityinformationandleadershipbehaviourduringthechange.Itisconcludedthatajobcraftinginterventionandresultingjobcraftingbehaviourcanbeaneffectivewaytoachievesuccessfuladaptationtoorganizationalchange.