Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Burnout Syndrome and Work-Related Stress in Physical and Occupational Therapists Working in Different Types of Hospitals: Which Group Is the Most Vulnerable?

Because of the nature of their work, physical and occupational therapists are at high risk of burnout, which is associated with decreased job satisfaction, medical errors, and mental wellbeing in healthcare professionals. To well manage and minimize potential impact of burnout, risk factors should be determined. This study examined burnout and job stress in physical and occupational therapists in various Korean hospital settings. Physical and occupational therapists from several rehabilitation facilities in South Korea completed a survey between March–May 2019. A set of questionnaires, including the Maslach Burnout Inventory and Job Content Questionnaire, were distributed to all participants. In total, 325 professionals (131 men and 194 women) were recruited. Burnout and work-related stress differed significantly according to several factors. Hospital size, gender, and age were the main contributory factors affecting at least two dimensions of the questionnaires. The more vulnerable group consisted of female therapists in their 20s at small- or medium-sized hospitals with low scores for quality of life. High levels of job stress and burnout were observed in female therapists in their 20s at small- or medium-sized hospitals. Hospitals and society should create suitable environments and understand the nature of therapists’ work to improve healthcare.
Squamous cell carcinoma of head and neck: what internists should know

Squamous cell carcinoma of head and neck (SCCHN) is a group of cancer arising from mucosal surfaces of the head and neck. Optimal management of SCCHN requires a multidisciplinary team of surgical oncologists, radiation oncologists, medical oncologists, nutritionist, and speech-language pathologists, due to the complexity of anatomical structure and importance of functional outcome. Human papilloma virus (HPV)-related SCCHN represents a distinct subset from HPV negative SCCHN which is associated with carcinogen exposure such as cigarette smoking, betel nut use and alcohol. HPV related SCCHN responds better to concurrent chemoradiation and has better overall prognosis, compared to HPV negative SCCHN. Radiation therapy has been introduced to the treatment of SCCHN, administered concurrently with systemic chemotherapy for locoregional SCCHN, as well as a palliative measure for recurrent and/or metastatic (R/M) SCCHN. Recently, immune checkpoint inhibitors have been shown to improve overall survival in R/M-SCCHN and have been incorporated into the standard of care. Combination approaches with immune therapy and targeted therapy for biomarker enriched population based on genomics are being actively investigated and will shape the future of SCCHN treatment.
Cryoanalgesic versus EMLA® cream to reduced pain during analgesic injection in upper eyelid surgery: a randomized trial

ABSTRACT Introduction Eyelid surgery under local anesthesia is a common procedure in ophthalmology. The most painful part is usually injecting local anesthesia. Decreased sensation from the very sensitive eyelid skin before injection is one of the few methods to relieve this stressful condition. In this study, we compared the use of the aesthetic property of cooling (cryoanalgesic) with topical EMLA® cream preparation before local anesthetic injection on the eyelid. Methods Thirty patients aged 47–81 years (mean = 65.6, SD = 9.75) undergoing upper eyelid blepharoplasty or levator advancement surgery were enrolled. Each subject’s upper eyelid was randomly allocated by a computer-generated randomization sequence to an EMLA® cream or cryoanalgesic group before injecting local anesthetic. Pain monitoring was performed subjectively and objectively using a visual analog scale (VAS). Results were analyzed using the paired t-test. Results No statistical difference was found in VAS score between the EMLA® cream (mean = 5.9) and cryoanalgesic groups (mean = 5.67) (p-value 0.5999). Conclusion Topical EMLA® cream and cryoanalgesic have no difference in pain score from anesthetic infiltration during eyelid surgery.
Therapeutic Plasma Exchange: A potential Management Strategy for Critically Ill COVID-19 Patients

In the 5 months since initial reports of COVID-19 came to light, the death toll due to SARS-CoV-2 has rapidly increased. The morbidity and mortality of the infection varies based upon patient age, comorbid conditions, viral load, and the availability of effective treatments. Findings from limited autopsies, clinical observations, and laboratory data suggest that high cytokine levels and a procoagulant state can precipitate acute respiratory distress syndrome and multi-organ dysfunction syndrome in critically ill patients. To complicate matters, comorbidities may affect the response to medical treatments currently in use, all of which are still in trial phase. Therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) merits consideration in the treatment of critically ill COVID-19 patients and is an avenue for clinical trials to pursue. If efficacious, faster recovery of patients may lead to shorter intensive care unit stays and less time on mechanical ventilation. Herein, we briefly discuss some of the various approaches currently being investigated for the treatment of SARS-CoV-2 with a focus on potential benefits of TPE for selected critically ill patients.
The Effects of Comparison of Herbal Extracts, Antibiotic, Probiotic and Organic Acid on Serum Lipids, Immune Response, GIT Microbial Population, Intestinal Morphology and Performance of Broilers

Background: With the removal of antibiotic as growth promoters from poultry diets, it is of interest to investigate potential alternatives to maintain good growth performance and good intestinal microbial populations in these birds. Numerous additives such as Probiotics, prebiotics, organic acids, enzymes and herbal extracts used extensively in poultry feed. Objective: The study was conducted to investigate the effects of herbal extracts, probiotic, organic acid and antibiotic on serum lipids, immune response, intestinal morphology, microbial population and performance of broilers. Method: A total of 300 day - old male broilers (Cobb 500) were randomly divided into four treatments, five replicates with 15 birds in each. Treatments included: control, herbal extracts (Sangrovit ® ), probiotic (Primalac ® ), organic acid (Termin-8 ® ) and antibiotic (Virginiamycin). Results: The highest weight gain (WG) were achieved by virginiamycin (p<0.05). Moreover, highest and lowest antibody titers against SRBC were observed in Primalac ® and virginiamycin treatments, respectively (p<0.05). Lowest serum cholesterol and triglyceride were obtained by Primalac ® and Sangrovit ® (p<0.05). The lowest and highest coliform bacteria counts in ileum were seen in virginiamycin and control groups, respectively (p<0.05). Conclusion: It has been concluded that Sangrovit ® , Primalac ® and Termin-8 ® reduced pathogenic bacteria in digestive tract of broilers, which can help to improve intestinal health of these animals. Thus, these can be used as antibiotic alternatives in broilers feed.
Acute Kidney Injury by SARS-CoV-2 virus in patients with COVID-19: an integrative review.

OBJECTIVE to assess scientific evidence on SARS-CoV-2 Acute Kidney Injury in patients with COVID-19. METHODS an integrative review, with adoption of PICO strategy and classification of the level of evidence, carried out on April 10, 2020 in the PubMed database, of articles available between December 2019 and April 2020. RESULTS the sample consisted of six original, five observational and one experimental articles. Observational studies addressed the clinical findings of patients with COVID-19 and association between kidney damage, infection, and morbidity-mortality. CONCLUSION the studies addressed the mechanism of intracellular infection of SARS-CoV-2, its cytopathic effects on kidney cells and incidence of acute kidney injury in patients infected with SARS-CoV-2. Acute kidney injury is associated with increased mortality and morbidity in these patients. This review realizes the need for new research that can mention kidney care to patients with COVID-19.
Perioperative Use of Gabapentinoids for the Management of Postoperative Acute Pain: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND Widely used for acute pain management, the clinical benefit from perioperative use of gabapentinoids is uncertain. The aim of this systematic review was to assess the analgesic effect and adverse events with the perioperative use of gabapentinoids in adult patients. METHODS Randomized controlled trials studying the use of gabapentinoids in adult patients undergoing surgery were included. The primary outcome was the intensity of postoperative acute pain. Secondary outcomes included the intensity of postoperative subacute pain, incidence of postoperative chronic pain, cumulative opioid use, persistent opioid use, lengths of stay, and adverse events. The clinical significance of the summary estimates was assessed based on established thresholds for minimally important differences. RESULTS In total, 281 trials (N = 24,682 participants) were included in this meta-analysis. Compared with controls, gabapentinoids were associated with a lower postoperative pain intensity (100-point scale) at 6 h (mean difference, -10; 95% CI, -12 to -9), 12 h (mean difference, -9; 95% CI, -10 to -7), 24 h (mean difference, -7; 95% CI, -8 to -6), and 48 h (mean difference, -3; 95% CI, -5 to -1). This effect was not clinically significant ranging below the minimally important difference (10 points out of 100) for each time point. These results were consistent regardless of the type of drug (gabapentin or pregabalin). No effect was observed on pain intensity at 72 h, subacute and chronic pain. The use of gabapentinoids was associated with a lower risk of postoperative nausea and vomiting but with more dizziness and visual disturbance. CONCLUSIONS No clinically significant analgesic effect for the perioperative use of gabapentinoids was observed. There was also no effect on the prevention of postoperative chronic pain and a greater risk of adverse events. These results do not support the routine use of pregabalin or gabapentin for the management of postoperative pain in adult patients.
Preharvest Applications of Glyphosate Affect Emergence and Seedling Growth of Field Pea (Pisum sativum)1

Field experiments were conducted in 1994 and 1995 at Vegreville, Legal, and Lacombe, AB, to determine the effects of a preharvest application of glyphosate on seedling emergence and growth of field pea. Glyphosate was applied at 0.9 kg ai/ha at each of the three crop development stages, as determined by seed moisture content (SMC), to determinate (‘Ascona’ and ‘Radley’) and indeterminate (‘Miko’ and ‘Trapper’) cultivars. Applying glyphosate when the SMC was less than 30% had little to no effect on seedling emergence but reduced seedling shoot fresh weight in two of six experiments. Applying glyphosate at SMC above 40% reduced seedling emergence and shoot fresh weight in two and three of the six experiments, respectively. Reductions in seedling emergence and shoot fresh weight were greater from seeds collected from the top than from seeds collected from the bottom one-third of sprayed plants. Differences in response between determinate and indeterminate cultivars occurred, but there was no consistent trend. Given the variable maturity in most fields and on individual pea plants, applications of preharvest glyphosate to peas destined for seed production may decrease seed germination and biomass accumulation. Nomenclature: Glyphosate; field pea, Pisum sativum L. ‘Ascona’, ‘Miko’, ‘Radley’, ‘Trapper’. Additional index words: Crop desiccation, determinate and indeterminate pea cultivars, harvest aid. Abbreviations: SMC, seed moisture content.
Herbicidal Activity of Fluazifop-Butyl, Haloxyfop-Methyl, and Sethoxydim in Soil

Fluazifop-butyl {(±) butyl 2-[4-[[5-(trifluoromethyl)-2-pyridinyl] oxy] phenoxy] propanoic acid}, haloxyfop-methyl {methyl-2-[4-[[3-chloro-5-(trifluoromethyl-2-pyridinyl] oxy] phenoxy] propanoic acid}, and sethoxydim {2-[1-(ethoxyimino)-butyl]-5-[2-ethylthio)propyl-3-hydroxy-2-cyclohexen-1-one}exhibited soil herbicidal activity to annual grass species in greenhouse and field experiments. Control of forage sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench. ‘Rox Orange’] with all three herbicides was greater when seeds were planted at or near the soil surface than when planted 2, 4, or 6 cm deep. Imbibition of the herbicides by forage sorghum and soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr. ] seeds did not reduce germination at concentrations of 10-3 M or lower, but forage sorghum seedling survival and vigor were reduced by herbicide concentrations as low as 10-7 M. Fluazifop-butyl, haloxyfop-methyl, and sethoxydim were more phytotoxic when applied to the root zone than the shoot zone. Haloxyfop-methyl exhibited the longest soil residual control in the field followed by fluazifop-butyl and sethoxydim. Haloxyfop-methyl and fluazifop-butyl controlled simulated shattercane [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench. ♯3 SORVU] in soybeans with preemergence and early postemergence applications, whereas control from similar applications of sethoxydim was limited and variable.
Parasitism levels in Orgyia leucostigma feeding on two tree species: implications for the slow‐growth‐ high‐mortality hypothesis

The slow‐growth‐high‐mortality hypothesis proposes that increased development time in arthropods feeding on suboptimal food may result in an increased vulnerability to natural enemies. We measured the development time of the forest caterpillar Orgyia leucostigma J.E. Smith (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae: Orgyiini) on two of its host plants and used a 7‐year database on parasitism of this species to test the slow‐growth‐high‐mortality hypothesis. We found that female O. leucostigma developed faster when fed on willow (Salix nigra Marsh) than when fed on box elder (Acer negundo L.). However, only one of the parasitoids of the parasitoid community that attack these larvae followed the prediction of the slow‐growth‐high‐mortality hypothesis. Overall parasitism of O. leucostigma on willow was greater than in box elder, contradicting the slow‐growth‐high‐mortality hypothesis prediction. This is the first test of the hypothesis to consider parasitism by several species in the parasitoid community attacking a free‐feeding herbivore on two distantly related plant species.
Liposomes encapsulating beta‐carotene produced by the proliposomes method: characterisation and shelf life of powders and phospholipid vesicles

Summary The objective of this study was to investigate the feasibility of producing proliposomes incorporating beta-carotene by spray drying and to assess the capacity of the liposomes produced by the hydration of the dry phospholipid particles to preserve the encapsulated carotenoid. Powders containing beta-carotene, hydrogenated phosphatidylcholine and sucrose were obtained and characterised in terms of crystallinity, morphology, thermal behaviour, density, solubility and hygroscopicity. The preservation of beta-carotene in the powder was evaluated for two storage conditions under normal atmosphere and vacuum. The proliposome was highly soluble, with all components embedded in the matrix and capable of preserving more than 90% of the incorporated beta-carotene for 60 days of refrigerated storage under vacuum. The liposome dispersions maintained their average size, polydispersity index and zeta potential for 100 days of storage. After 60 days, the degradation of encapsulated beta-carotene was minimal, and the colour of the dispersions was preserved.
Acoustic parameters of sounds emitted by Sotalia guianensis: dialects or acoustic plasticity

Selective pressure from the environment on species may select adaptations as a whole, including the specific context of acoustics. Some authors report that the acoustic repertoire of Sotalia guianensis presents dialects as a geographical reflection. However, others propose that the environmental characteristics are the factor that imposes these variations. The present study evaluated if S. guianensis modifies its sound emissions at the Curral Cove (CC) and the Guaraíras Lagoon Complex (GLC), different habitats at similar latitudes. At the GLC, dolphins use higher whistle frequencies as well as higher number of click per second, facts that may be related to sound precision for communication between individuals and prey capture. Variations in the dolphins' sounds may be related to differences in the environments such as natural background noise—biotic and abiotic—and characteristics such as turbidity, temperature, salinity, and modification in sound propagation due to depth and bottom properties. The pulsed calls' sound category did not present modification between habitats probably due to context in which they are used since they occur during high physical contact. It is possible that the variation of the sound parameters between the CC and GLC environments is a reflection of the species' adaptive potential, since a population can adjust the sounds emitted by its individuals to the environment's features, revealing acoustic plasticity.
Quantifying the contribution of Fc-mediated effector functions to the antiviral activity of anti–HIV-1 IgG1 antibodies in vivo

Significance Virus-neutralizing monoclonal antibodies have been tested for the treatment or prevention of HIV-1 infection. Such an antibody can block virus infectivity and mediate killing of virus-infected cells by Fc-mediated effector functions. The relative contributions of these two antibody activities in vivo have not been quantified previously. By quantitatively analyzing results from experiments conducted in HIV-1–infected humanized mice and SHIV-infected rhesus macaques, we have determined that Fc-mediated effector functions contribute about 25–45% to the total antiviral activity of the anti–HIV-1 monoclonal antibodies tested. In combating viral infections, the Fab portion of an antibody could mediate virus neutralization, whereas Fc engagement of Fc-γ receptors (FcγRs) could mediate an array of effector functions. Evidence abounds that effector functions are important in controlling infections by influenza, Ebola, or HIV-1 in animal models. However, the relative contribution of virus neutralization versus effector functions to the overall antiviral activity of an antibody remains unknown. To address this fundamental question in immunology, we utilized our knowledge of HIV-1 dynamics to compare the kinetics of the viral load decline (ΔVL) in infected animals given a wild-type (WT) anti–HIV-1 immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1) versus those given a Fc-Null variant of the same antibody. In three independent experiments in HIV-1–infected humanized mice and one pivotal experiment in simian–human immunodeficiency virus (SHIV)-infected rhesus macaques, an earlier and sharper decline in viral load was consistently detected for the WT antibody. Quantifications of the observed differences indicate that Fc-mediated effector functions accounted for 25–45% of the total antiviral activity in these separate experiments. In this study, Fc-mediated effector functions have been quantified in vivo relative to the contribution of virus neutralization mediated by the Fab.
A Clean and Tunable Mussel-Inspired Coating Technology by Enzymatic Deposition of Pseudo-Polydopamine (ψ-PDA) Thin Films from Tyramine

The tyrosinase-catalyzed oxidation of tyramine, leading to the deposition of pseudo-polydopamine (ψ-PDA) thin films, is disclosed herein as a superior technology for surface functionalization and coating at a neutral pH and at a low substrate concentration, compared to the standard autoxidative PDA coating protocols. Smooth ψ-PDA thin films of variable thickness up to 87 nm were obtained from 1 mM tyramine by varying tyrosinase concentrations (5–100 U/mL). Compared to the PDA films obtained by the similar enzymatic oxidation of 1 mM dopamine with tyrosinase (T-PDA), ψ-PDA displayed slower deposition kinetics, lower water contact angles in the range of 11°–28°, denoting higher hydrophilicity but similar UV-vis absorption profiles, as well as electrochemical properties and antioxidant activity. MALDI-MS analysis indicated for ψ-PDA a well defined pattern of peaks compatible with dopamine tetrameric structures degraded to a variable extent. The exposure to a tyramine solution of tyrosinase-loaded alginate spheres, or films deposited on glass or polyethylene, resulted in a rapid gel-confined ψ-PDA formation with no leakage or darkening of the solution, allowing the complete recovery and re-utilization of the unreacted tyramine. In contrast, an abundant PDA precipitation outside the gel was observed with dopamine under the same conditions. The ψ-PDA deposition by tyrosinase-catalyzed tyramine oxidation is thus proposed as a controllable and low-waste technology for selective surface functionalization and coating or for clean eumelanin particle production.
Analysis of factors related to preterm birth: a retrospective study at Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital in China

Abstract Preterm birth is the most important cause of neonatal mortality and morbidity worldwide. The aim of this study was to identify factors associated with preterm birth and examine the heterogeneity and interactions between these factors. We collected data from 1607 pregnant women treated at Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital in China. The women included in the study were divided into the full-term group and the preterm-birth group. We used t-tests to compare the characteristics of age and body mass index, Chi-square tests for the other variables, and we used the Wald test to calculate the interaction between factors that may affect preterm birth. The heterogeneity test was used to study the relationship between subgroups. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to explore the associations between risk factors and preterm birth, which included all risk factors. All tests were 2-tailed, P < 0.05 was considered significant, and 95% confidence intervals were estimated for percentages. There was no statistical difference in basic characteristics such as age between the full-term and preterm groups. We found 6 independent risk factors that were associated with preterm birth (P < .05): preeclampsia (PE), intrahepatic cholestasis, premature rupture of the membranes (PROM), placenta previa, chorioamnionitis, and scarred uterus. Five combinations of these factors were statistically significant (P < .05) in terms of heterogeneity: PE and PROM; placenta previa and polyhydramnios; chorioamnionitis and PE; PROM and maternal body mass index; and PROM and gestational diabetes mellitus. Ultimately, the 2 subgroups that showed interactions were PE and PROM and chorioamnionitis and PE. The interaction between different factors over the course of preterm birth cannot be ignored. When independent risk factors are combined with other diseases, such as PE combined with PROM or chorioamnionitis in this study, it may more likely result in preterm birth. Thus, this situation deserves particular clinical attention.