Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Comparison of the impacts of climate change and anthropogenic disturbances on the El Arish coast and seaweed vegetation after ten years in 2010, North Sinai, Egypt

Abstract Human activities on coasts and climate changes during the past ten years have given rise to considerable shoreline changes along the El Arish coast (the northern coast of the Sinai Peninsula). In the El Arish Power Plant, sediment accretion has reached the tip of the breakwater of the cooling water intake basin, necessitating extensive dredging inside the basin. To the east of El Arish Harbour, the shoreline has been in continuous retreat. The differences between the year 2000 and 2010 in the shoreline along the El Arish coast were determined by analysing satellite images from NOAA-AVHRR images. The analyses revealed erosion and accretion patterns along the coast. The physical parameters showed that the minimum water temperature of 18 ° C was recorded at site I in winter and that the maximum was 40 ° C at site II in summer. The latter temperature can be attributed to the effluent discharge of cooling water from the El Arish power plant. Spatial and temporal patterns in the distribution and abundance of macroalgae were measured at four sites (I, II, III and IV) along the El Arish coast. The percentage cover of the successional macroalgae exhibited environmental fluctuations. After ten years, the phytocommunity showed that red and green algae were dominant at the study sites. Significant differences between past and current flora were observed. 39 taxa recorded in 2000 were absent in 2010, while 9 taxa not previously reported were present in 2010. These changes are discussed in the context of possible global warming effects. PERMANOVA showed significant changes ( p 0.001) between sites, seasons, species abundance and macroalgal groups along the El Arish coast in 2000 and 2010. The similarity matrix showed a significant difference between the flora in 2010 and that recorded in 2000, indicating poor similarity and changes in species composition among the seasons at the different sites. Most of the algae belonged to the filamentous, coarsely branched and sheet functional form groups.
Lithofacies distribution in relation to the geomorphic provinces of Prydz Bay, East Antarctica

Over the past 15 years, Japanese, Australian and Russian expeditions to Prydz Bay have collected about 30 000 km of bathymetric data, 6000 km of sidescan sonar data and more than 250 sediment grab and core samples. These data were used in the present study to compile surficial sediment, bathymetric, and geomorphological maps of the Prydz Bay region. Lithofacies distribution was determined by surficial sediment data analysis using sample matrix (Q-mode) and cluster analysis techniques based on data from 206 sites. Data included percentage biogenic silica (opal), calcium carbonate, gravel, mud, and relative abundance of two diatom species (Fragilariopsis curta and F. kerguelensis). Five lithofacies are identified from the available data: (1) slightly gravelly sandy mud (g)sM lithofacies, (2) siliceous mud and diatom ooze (SMO) lithofacies, (3) F. kerguelensis pelagic ooze lithofacies, (4) F. curta gravelly muddy sand gmS lithofacies and (5) calcareous gravel lithofacies. In many areas the lithofacies correlate to geomorphological provinces as defined by previous investigators using 3.5 kHz and sidescan sonar data. In some cases, Holocene SMO sediments are seen to drape over iceberg plough marks, implying that these are relict features. These five lithofacies are likely to dominate most of the East Antarctic shelf region and may be helpful in defining sedimentary successions resulting from ice-sheet advance and retreat over glacial-interglacial cycles.
Quantitative Phosphoproteomic Analysis Provides Insights into the Sodium Bicarbonate Responsiveness of Glycine max

Sodium bicarbonate stress caused by NaHCO3 is one of the most severe abiotic stresses affecting agricultural production worldwide. However, little attention has been given to the molecular mechanisms underlying plant responses to sodium bicarbonate stress. To understand phosphorylation events in signaling pathways triggered by sodium bicarbonate stress, TMT-labeling-based quantitative phosphoproteomic analyses were performed on soybean leaf and root tissues under 50 mM NaHCO3 treatment. In the present study, a total of 7856 phosphopeptides were identified from cultivated soybeans (Glycine max L. Merr.), representing 3468 phosphoprotein groups, in which 2427 phosphoprotein groups were newly identified. These phosphoprotein groups contained 6326 unique high-probability phosphosites (UHPs), of which 77.2% were newly identified, increasing the current soybean phosphosite database size by 43.4%. Among the phosphopeptides found in this study, we determined 67 phosphopeptides (representing 63 phosphoprotein groups) from leaf tissue and 554 phosphopeptides (representing 487 phosphoprotein groups) from root tissue that showed significant changes in phosphorylation levels under sodium bicarbonate stress (fold change >1.2 or <0.83, respectively; p < 0.05). Localization prediction showed that most phosphoproteins localized in the nucleus for both leaf and root tissues. GO and KEGG enrichment analyses showed quite different enriched functional terms between leaf and root tissues, and more pathways were enriched in the root tissue than in the leaf tissue. Moreover, a total of 53 different protein kinases and 7 protein phosphatases were identified from the differentially expressed phosphoproteins (DEPs). A protein kinase/phosphatase interactor analysis showed that the interacting proteins were mainly involved in/with transporters/membrane trafficking, transcriptional level regulation, protein level regulation, signaling/stress response, and miscellaneous functions. The results presented in this study reveal insights into the function of post-translational modification in plant responses to sodium bicarbonate stress.
Research Progress in Skarn Deposits over the Past Decade

deposits have been studied as a unique ore type by numerous geologists for over a hundred years. It has been well established that most skarn deposits are closely related to granitoids and constitute a major source of the world’s Fe, Cu, Au, W, Sn, Pb and Zn. Two distinctly different alteration types occurred in most skarn deposits, including an early prograde stage with anhydrous minerals forms from relatively high-temperature, hypersaline liquid and a later retrograde stage with hydrous minerals forms from lower temperature, lower salinity fluids, and the main ore minerals in skarn deposits formed during the later retrograde stage (Meinert et al., 2003). As with any recently emergent isotopic geochemistry and in situ analysis techniques, researchers obtained some new understandings about skarn deposits. This short review reports some of these progresses.
A Single Circumstellar Disk in the SVS 13 Close Binary System

We present Very Large Array observations at 7 mm of the sources IRAS 2A, IRAS 2B, MMS 2, MMS 3, and SVS 13, in the NGC 1333 region. SVS 13 is a young close binary system whose components are separated by 65 AU in projection. Our high angular resolution observations reveal that only one of the components of the SVS 13 system (VLA 4B) is associated with detectable circumstellar dust emission. This result is in contrast with the well-known case of L1551 IRS 5, a binary system of two protostars separated by 45 AU, where each component is associated with a disk of dust. In both SVS 13 and in L1551 IRS 5 the emission apparently arises from compact accretion disks, smaller than those observed around single stars, but still massive enough to form planetary systems like the solar one. These observational results confirm that the formation of planets can occur in close binary systems, either in one or in both components of the system, depending on the specific angular momentum of the infalling material.
Breaks in Hall-Petch Relationship in Magnesium

Magnesium and its alloys display a non-usual relationship between flow stress and grain size at room temperature. Breaks in the Hall-Petch relationship have been reported in the literature. Inverse Hall-Petch behavior in which flow stress reduces with grain size decreasing has also been reported in pure magnesium and magnesium alloys with ultrafine and nanocrystalline structures. The present overview discusses these effects in terms of controlling deformation mechanisms. The distinct strength observed in pure magnesium and magnesium alloys with ultrafine grained structure is also discussed. It is shown that experimental data for fine and ultrafine grained magnesium alloys agree with a model suggested recently based on the mechanism of grain boundary sliding. It is also exhibited that the stability of the grain structure might control the strength of ultrafine grained samples.
Responses Glacier

In this manuscript, Huo and Bishop have assembled a model to investigate the role of supraglacial ponds to glacier mass balance on Baltoro Glacier. They also use to model to investigate the links between ponds and debris gravitational remobilization, and the control of longitudinal gradient to supraglacial ponding. Simply assembling the model is an ambitious challenge, as the authors seeks to integrate representation of multiple complex processes that have relatively few observations. The authors rightly point out that this is an important and novel line of research, since supraglacial ponds are known to provide localized melt enhancement that is non-negligible at the glacier scale, yet studied in few instances, and their drainage can have consequences outside the glacier domain.
Reevaluation of transit time distributions, mean transit times and their relation to catchment topography

The transit time of water is a fundamental property of catchments, revealing information about the flow pathways, source of water and storage in a single integrated measure. While several studies have investigated the relationship between catchment topography and transit times, few studies expanded the analysis to a wide range of catchment properties and assessed the influence of the selected transfer function (TF) model. We used stable water isotopes from mostly baseflow samples with lumped convolution models of time-invariant TFs to estimate the transit time distributions of 24 meso-scale catchments covering different geomorphic and geologic regions in Switzerland. The sparse network of 13 precipitation isotope sampling sites required the development of a new spatial interpolation method for the monthly isotopic composition of precipitation. A point-energy-balance based snow model was adapted to account for the seasonal water isotope storage in snow dominated catchments. Transit time distributions were estimated with three established TFs (exponential, gamma distribution and two parallel linear reservoirs). While the exponential TF proved to be less suitable to simulate the isotopic signal in most of the catchments, the gamma distribution and the two parallel linear reservoirs transfer function reached similarly good model fits to the fortnightly observed isotopic compositions in discharge, although in many catchments the transit time distributions implied by equally well fitted models differed markedly from each other and in extreme cases, the resulting mean transit time (MTT) differed by orders of magnitude. A more thorough comparison showed that equally suited models corresponded to agreeing values of cumulated transit time distributions only between 3 and 6 months. The short-term ( 3 years) could hardly be assessed by means of stable water isotopes, resulting in ambiguous MTT and hence questioning the relevance of an MTT determined with stable isotopes. Finally we investigated the relation between MTT estimates based on the three different TF types as well as other transit time properties and a range of topographical catchment characteristics. Depending on the selected transfer model, we found a weak correlation between transit time properties and the ratio between flow path length over the flow gradient, drainage density and the mean discharge. The catchment storage derived from MTTs and mean discharge did not show a clear relation to any catchment properties, indicating that in many studies the mean annual discharge may bias the MTT estimates.
Ischemic Stroke: Phantom and Patient Study after Endovascular Thrombectomy in Acute Staining from Hemorrhagic Transformation MR Imaging for Differentiating Contrast

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Early differentiation of contrast staining from hemorrhagic transformation in patients with acute ischemic stroke who have undergone endovascular treatment is critical in preventing the delayed administration of antiplatelet agents. We aimed to demonstrate the usefulness of an immediate postinterventional DWI protocol including B 0 and gradient recalled-echo sequences to discriminate those 2 conditions through phantom and preliminary retrospective patient studies. MATERIALS AND METHODS: On 3T MR imaging, the signal intensities of the phantom models consisting of iodinated contrast agents diluted with normal saline and arterial blood were compared using T1WI, T2WI, and gradient recalled-echo sequences. A total 17 patients (8 with hemorrhagic transformation and 9 with contrast staining; 8 men and 9 women; mean age, 72.00 (cid:2) 10.91 years; range, 52–90 years) who underwent mechanical thrombectomy for acute ischemic stroke and showed newly appearing hyperdense lesions on immediate ( (cid:3) 24 hours) postinterventional nonenhanced CT scans were included in this study. Immediate postinterventional DWI of patients were compared. RESULTS: In the phantom study, iodinated contrast agents diluted with normal saline showed minimal signal drop, while those diluted with arterial blood demonstrated dark signal intensity in the T2WI and gradient recalled-echo sequences. In the patient study, all hemorrhagictransformationsandnoneofthecontraststainingdemonstrateddarkorlowsignal( (cid:3) graymatter)intensitiessimilartothose of the vessel in the B 0 -DWI and gradient recalled-echo images. CONCLUSIONS: According to our preliminary results, contrast staining might be differentiated from hemorrhagic transformation using an immediate postinterventional DWI protocol including gradient recalled-echo sequences. It might be possible to expedite establishment of postinterventional medical treatment strategy
Supply and demand

Reports results of a questionnaire survey of 888 UK chief librarians, conducted as part of a British Library Research and Innovation Centre research project, to identify and analyse the personal qualities demanded by Library and Information Service (LIS) employers and those personal qualities that new graduate entrants are perceived to lack. Reviews the literature on the changing role of information professionals and the importance of personal factors in library and information recruitment and presents a comprehensive list of 50 desirable personal qualities arranged under five headings: characteristics needed for a user centred approach; characteristics needed for effective team work; thinking orientation; attitude to work; and style of working. Concludes that the ability to accept pressure, deal with a range of users and respond to change, are most essential for information work. The significant overlap between those qualities felt to be most essential and those perceived to be lacking raises the concern that qualities that are high in demand are also in short supply.
Can baclofen change alcohol-related cognitive biases and what is the role of anxiety herein?

Background: Baclofen has shown promise in the treatment of alcohol dependence. However, its precise (neuro-) psychological working mechanism is still under debate. Aims: This study aimed to get a better understanding of baclofen’s working mechanism by examining the effect of baclofen on cognitive biases. It was hypothesized that baclofen, compared to placebo, would lead to weaker cognitive biases. Furthermore, given a suggested anxiolytic effect of baclofen, we expected that anxiety would moderate this effect. Methods: From a larger randomized clinical trial (RCT) with 151 participants, a subset of 143 detoxified alcohol-dependent patients, either taking baclofen or placebo, was examined. Attentional bias for alcohol (500 and 1500 ms), alcohol approach tendencies, implicit alcohol-relaxation associations and trait anxiety were assessed before the administration of baclofen or placebo. Four weeks later, 94 patients were still abstinent (53 in the baclofen and 41 in the placebo condition) and cognitive biases were assessed again. Results: At baseline, patients showed a vigilance-avoidance pattern for the attentional bias (at 500 and 1500 ms, respectively) and alcohol-negative associations. After 4 weeks, an indication for an attentional bias away from alcohol at 500 ms was found only in the baclofen group; however, cognitive biases did not differ significantly between treatment groups. No moderating role of anxiety on cognitive biases was found. Conclusions: Baclofen did not lead to a differential change in cognitive biases compared with placebo, and trait anxiety levels did not moderate this. A better understanding of the working mechanism of baclofen and predictors of treatment success would allow prescribing of baclofen in a more targeted manner.
Comparison of iterative and direct solvers for 3D CSEM modeling

Electromagnetic (EM) modeling in frequency domain requires solving large linear systems of equations. This can be accomplished using direct or iterative techniques. We compare the performance of the direct MUMPS and an iterative QMR solver for controlled-source EM modeling on distributed computing platforms. We first establish a conductivity value for air that lets the iterative solver converge while maintaining accuracy of subsurface EM fields, and then demonstrate the accuracy of the direct and iterative solutions. We consider the influence of model size, the number of right hand sides, parallelization approaches, and hardware architecture on performance. Clearly, iterative solutions are significantly more efficient than direct ones for small numbers of right hand sides. Nevertheless, we find that for simulations of moderatesized models on a modern, moderate-sized cluster, the point at which iterative solver runtime exceeds that of the direct solver is reached for relatively small numbers of right hand sides.
On the effect of short-term climate variability on mountain glaciers: insights from a case study

Abstract Studies addressing the response of glaciers to climate change have so far analyzed the effect of long-term trends in a particular set of meteorological variables only, implicitly assuming an unaltered climatic variability. Here a framework for distinguishing between year-to-year, month-to-month and day-to-day variability is proposed. Synthetically generated temperature and precipitation time series following the same long-term trend but with altered variability are then used to force an ice-dynamics model set up for Rhonegletscher, Swiss Alps. In the case of temperature, variations in the day-to-day variability are shown to have a larger effect than changes at the yearly scale, while in the case of precipitation, variability changes are assessed as having negligible impact. A first set of scenarios is used to show that compared to reference, doubling the temperature variability can reduce glacier ice volume by up to 64% within half a decade. A second set derived from the results of the European ENSEMBLES project, however, shows that such changes are expected to remain below 8% even for extreme scenarios. Although the latter results relativize the importance of the effect in the near future, the analyses indicate that at least caution is required when assuming ‘unchanged variability’.
The analysis of new-type urbanization and the intensive urban land use: Spatial-temporal evolution and their relationship

It is an important and significant task to improve the efficiency of urban land use for the development of new- type urbanization. This study takes the precise recognition of the influencing mechanism of new- type urbanization in intensive urban land use as a basis, and employs the dynamic principal components analysis to discuss the spatial- temporal evolution of new- type urbanization and intensive urban land use during the period from 2006 to 2011 with the aid of SPSS 19.0 software. Moreover, spatial panel econometrics model is used to reveal the relationship between these two variables on new- type urbanization and intensive urban land use by employing the panel data on 29 provinces of China during the period 2006-2011. Major conclusions can be drawn as follows:(1) In general, both the comprehensive level of new- type urbanization and intensive urban land use show stable upward trends and tend to be convergent;(2) The performances of relationship between new- type urbanization and intensive urban land use are various in eastern, central, western China, and among the three regions. Both the interprovincial gap between the eastern and western regions, and the intra-gap among the three regions are main causes for the overall gap. The spatial- temporal evolution trend reveals that these two variables show a significant geographical agglomeration and incremental clustering characteristic. What's more, the spatial pattern presents a more apparent similarity and synchronization of cluster evolution trend. Besides, the spatial pattern of newtype urbanization has "geographical features of three vertical and two horizontal lines", while spatial distribution of the intensive urban land use shows a gradient in agglomeration from the east to the inland areas;(3) The intensive urban land use has a more significant positive spatial correlation, which shows an upward trend. This implies that new- type urbanization plays a significant role in improving intensive land use both in the whole country and in the regions.
Microstructure and Mechanical Behavior of Quaternary Eutectic α+θ+Q+Si Clusters in As-Cast Al-Mg-Si-Cu Alloys

Cu additions notably strengthen Al-Mg-Si and Al-Si-Mg alloys due to the dense precipitation of quaternary nano precipitates during ageing. However, the chemical evolution and mechanical behaviors of the quaternary micro-scale Q constituent phase occurring in cast and homogenized states have rarely been studied. Meanwhile, there exists a type of AlCuMgSi cluster in the cast state, which has been regarded as Q particles. The accurate identification of phase constituents is the basis for the future design of alloys with better performance. In our work, this type of cluster was revealed to consist of α-Al, θ-Al2Cu, Q, and Si phases through micro-to-atomic scale studies using scanning and transmission electron microscopes. The skeleton of the dendrite was θ phase. The second phases in the dendritic eutectic cluster dissolved quickly during a 4 h homogenization at 550 °C. The Q phase was found to effectively absorb the Fe impurities during casting and homogenization. As a result, the formation of other harmful Fe-rich intermetallics was suppressed. These Q constituent particles were observed to break into separate pieces in an intermediately brittle manner when compressed in situ in a scanning electron microscope. These findings provide insights into the thermodynamic modeling of the Al-Mg-Si-Cu system and alloy design.