Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Arithmetic in the signing brain: Differences and similarities in arithmetic processing between deaf signers and hearing non‐signers

Deaf signers and hearing non‐signers have previously been shown to recruit partially different brain regions during simple arithmetic. In light of the triple code model, the differences were interpreted as relating to stronger recruitment of the verbal system of numerical processing, that is, left angular and inferior frontal gyrus, in hearing non‐signers, and of the quantity system of numerical processing, that is, right horizontal intraparietal sulcus, for deaf signers. The main aim of the present study was to better understand similarities and differences in the neural correlates supporting arithmetic in deaf compared to hearing individuals. Twenty‐nine adult deaf signers and 29 hearing non‐signers were enrolled in an functional magnetic resonance imaging study of simple and difficult subtraction and multiplication. Brain imaging data were analyzed using whole‐brain analysis, region of interest analysis, and functional connectivity analysis. Although the groups were matched on age, gender, and nonverbal intelligence, the deaf group performed generally poorer than the hearing group in arithmetic. Nevertheless, we found generally similar networks to be involved for both groups, the only exception being the involvement of the left inferior frontal gyrus. This region was activated significantly stronger for the hearing compared to the deaf group but showed stronger functional connectivity with the left superior temporal gyrus in the deaf, compared to the hearing, group. These results lend no support to increased recruitment of the quantity system in deaf signers. Perhaps the reason for performance differences is to be found in other brain regions not included in the original triple code model.
Mapping Interictal activity in epilepsy using a hidden Markov model: A magnetoencephalography study

Epilepsy is a highly heterogeneous neurological disorder with variable etiology, manifestation, and response to treatment. It is imperative that new models of epileptiform brain activity account for this variability, to identify individual needs and allow clinicians to curate personalized care. Here, we use a hidden Markov model (HMM) to create a unique statistical model of interictal brain activity for 10 pediatric patients. We use magnetoencephalography (MEG) data acquired as part of standard clinical care for patients at the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia. These data are routinely analyzed using excess kurtosis mapping (EKM); however, as cases become more complex (extreme multifocal and/or polymorphic activity), they become harder to interpret with EKM. We assessed the performance of the HMM against EKM for three patient groups, with increasingly complicated presentation. The difference in localization of epileptogenic foci for the two methods was 7 ± 2 mm (mean ± SD over all 10 patients); and 94% ± 13% of EKM temporal markers were matched by an HMM state visit. The HMM localizes epileptogenic areas (in agreement with EKM) and provides additional information about the relationship between those areas. A key advantage over current methods is that the HMM is a data‐driven model, so the output is tuned to each individual. Finally, the model output is intuitive, allowing a user (clinician) to review the result and manually select the HMM epileptiform state, offering multiple advantages over previous methods and allowing for broader implementation of MEG epileptiform analysis in surgical decision‐making for patients with intractable epilepsy.
Supplemental Information : Unconventional localization of electrons inside a nematic electronic phase

The exfoliation of rectangular-shaped flakes onto pre-patterned contacts leads to samples with rather non-ideal geometries. The current flow is inevitably quite inhomogeneous and the contacts extend a long way underneath the flake, violating the assumptions of the van der Pauw approach commonly used for irregularly-shaped samples. As a consequence the longitudinal and Hall resistivities have been estimated from finite difference solutions of the transport equation for a realistic sample and contact geometry. For our two-dimensional problem the equation to be solved is given by:
Do dietary practices and household environmental quality mediate socio-economic inequalities in child undernutrition risk in West Africa?

Abstract Objective: We investigated the relationship between socio-economic status and child undernutrition in West Africa (WA), and further examined the mediating role of dietary practices (measured as minimum dietary diversity (MDD), minimum meal frequency (MMF) and minimum acceptable diet (MAD)) and household environmental quality (HEQ) in the observed relationship. Design: Thirteen countries were included in the study. We leveraged the most recent Demographic and Health Surveys datasets ranging from 2010 to 2019. Poisson regression model with robust standard errors was used to estimate prevalence ratios and their corresponding 95 % CI. Structural equation modelling was used to conduct the mediation analysis. Setting: West Africa. Participants: 132 448 under-five children born within 5 years preceding the survey were included. Results: Overall, 32·5 %, 8·2 %, 20·1 % and 71·7 % of WA children were stunted, wasted, underweight and anaemic, respectively. Prevalence of undernutrition decreased with increasing maternal education and household wealth (Trend P-values < 0·001). Secondary or higher maternal education and residence in rich households were associated with statistically significant decrease in the prevalence of stunting, wasting, underweight and anaemia among children in WA. MAD was found to mediate the association of low maternal education and poor household wealth with childhood stunting and underweight by 35·9 % to 44·5 %. MDD, MMF and HEQ did not mediate the observed relationship. Conclusions: The study findings enables an evaluation and improvement of existing intervention strategies through a socio-economic lens to help address the high burden of child undernutrition in WA and other developing regions.
Inadequate sleep duration may attenuate the anti-inflammatory effects of fish consumption in a healthy Japanese population: a cross-sectional study

Abstract High fish consumption may be associated with lower inflammation, suppressing atherosclerotic CVD (ASCVD). Long sleep duration, as well as short sleep, may contribute to inflammation, thus facilitating ASCVD. This study investigated the overall association between fish consumption, sleep duration and leucocytes count. We conducted a cross-sectional study between April 2019 and March 2020 with a cohort of 8947 apparently healthy participants with no history of ASCVD (average age, 46·9 ± 12·3 years and 59 % males). The average frequency of fish consumption and sleep duration were 2·13 ± 1·26 d/week and 6·0 ± 0·97 h/d. Multivariate linear regression analysis revealed that increased fish consumption was an independent determinant of sleep duration (β = 0·084, P < 0·0001). Additionally, habitual aerobic exercise (β = 0·059, P < 0·0001) or cigarette smoking (β = −0·051, P < 0·0001) and homoeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (β = −0·039, P = 0·01) were independent determinants of sleep duration. Furthermore, multivariate linear regression analysis identified fish consumption as an independent determinant of leucocytes count (β = −0·091, P < 0·0001). However, a significant U-shaped curve was found between leucocytes count and sleep duration, with 6–7 h of sleep as the low value (P = 0·015). Higher fish consumption may be associated with a lower leucocytes count in the presence of adequate sleep duration and healthy lifestyle behaviors. However, long sleep duration was also related to increased inflammation, even in populations with high fish consumption. Further studies are needed to clarify the causality between these factors.
Steps toward determination of the size and structure of the broad-line region in active galactic nuclei. II - An intensive study of NGC 5548 at optical wavelengths

A large, international program of ground-based optical spectroscopy and photometry of the variable Seyfert 1 galaxy NGC 5548 undertaken in support of an IUE monitoring campaign is described. This contribution presents the data base and describes the methods used to correct for systematic differences between spectra from different sources. Optical continuum and H-beta emission-line light curves are derived from the spectra. The behavior of the optical continuum is qualitatively the same as the behavior of the ultraviolet continuum. Cross-correlation of the ultraviolet and optical continuum measurements does not reveal any significant lag between them. The h-beta emission-line variations show the same basic pattern as seen in the continuum and ultraviolet emission lines, with H-beta lagging behind the continuum by about 20 days. This is significantly larger than the about 10 day lag deduced for Ly-alpha. 15 refs.
Case Fatality in Patients With Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage in Finland

Background and Objectives Although single-center studies have reported declining case fatality rates (CFRs) of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), nationwide reports that also include sudden-death SAHs with long uninterrupted study periods have remained limited. Moreover, little is known about whether the time-dependent trends of SAH CFR differ by age and/or sex. Thus, we aimed to characterize the nationwide changes of SAH CFRs in Finland between 1998 and 2017. Methods We used 2 externally validated nationwide registers to identify all hospitalized and nonhospitalized (sudden-death) aneurysmal SAH events in Finland during 1998–2017. In addition to overall 30-day CFRs, we determined annual proportions of sudden-death and 30-day CFRs among hospitalized patients with SAH. To estimate time-dependent trends, we calculated annual age-adjusted and sex-adjusted CFR changes (percent with 95% CIs). Results Between 1998 and 2017, we identified 9,443 cases with SAH (57.6% women), of which 2,245 (23.8%) died before hospitalization and 3,715 (39.3%) died within 30 days after SAH. Among the 7,198 hospitalized patients with SAH, the 30-day CFR was 20.4%. During the study period, the overall age-adjusted and sex-adjusted CFR declined by an average of 1.8% (1.1%–2.6%) per year. The decreases were especially notable in the proportion of sudden deaths among middle-aged (aged 40–64 years) and older (aged 65 years or older) women (2.9% [1.1%–4.7%] and 2.3% [0.7%–4.0%] per year, respectively) and in the CFRs of hospitalized young (younger than 40 years) and middle-aged women (9.1% [2.3%–15.7%] and 4.3% [2.3%–6.5%] per year, respectively). On the contrary, the 30-day CFR of older (aged 65 years or older) hospitalized men increased by 3.5% (0.7%–6.3%) per year, while the proportions of older men who died before hospitalization remained unchanged. Discussion The overall CFR of SAH seems to be decreasing, at least among women. The continued high CFR of hospitalized older men requires attention from clinicians and epidemiologists, especially if this trend is also common in other countries.
Posttraumatic stress disorder and depression of Chinese medical staff after 2 years of COVID‐19: A multicenter study

In December 2019, coronavirus disease (COVID‐19) was first reported in Wuhan, China, and has had a negative psychological impact on the medical staff. However, the long‐term psychological effects of COVID‐19 were still unclear. We aimed to assess the posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depression among medical staff 2 years after COVID‐19 pandemic in Wuhan, China.
Visuo-tactile heading perception

Self-motion through an environment induces various sensory signals, i.e., visual, vestibular, auditory, or tactile. Numerous studies have investigated the role of visual and vestibular stimulation for the perception of self-motion direction (heading). Here, we investigated the rarely considered interaction of visual and tactile stimuli in heading perception. Participants were presented optic flow simulating forward self-motion across a horizontal ground plane (visual) or airflow towards the participants' forehead (tactile), or both. In separate blocks of trials, participants indicated perceived heading from unimodal visual, tactile, or bimodal sensory signals. In bimodal trials, presented headings were either spatially congruent or incongruent with a maximum offset between visual and tactile heading of 30°. To investigate the reference frame in which visuo-tactile heading is encoded, we varied head and eye orientation during presentation of the stimuli. Visual and tactile stimuli were designed to achieve comparable heading accuracies between modalities. Nevertheless, in bimodal trials, heading perception was dominated by the visual stimulus. A change of head orientation had no significant effect on perceived heading, while, surprisingly, a change in eye orientation affected tactile heading perception. Overall, we conclude that tactile flow is more important to heading perception than previously thought.
Effect of preoperative statins on respiratory complications after coronary artery bypass grafting

Limited data exist on the effect of preoperative statin therapy on postoperative respiratory complications. Machine learning algorithms (MLA) can process large, heterogenous data, and have immensely improved the ability for risk prediction. In this study, we sought to examine the role of preoperative statins on respiratory complications in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) using MLA.
Asymptotic properties of turbulent magnetohydrodynamics

The dynamic renormalization group (RG) is used to study the large-distance and long-time limits of viscous and resistive incompressible magnetohydrodynamics subject to random forces and currents. The scale-dependent viscosity and magnetic resistivity are derived and used for carrying out RG-improved perturbation theory. This is applied to derive both the asymptotic scaling and the overall proportionality coefficients for both the velocity and magnetic field correlation functions as well as the kinetic and magnetic energy density spectral functions. The Kolmogorov, Iroshnikov-Kraichnan, as well as other energy spectra, formally can be obtained by suitable choice of injected noise, although the method limits the validity of these energy spectra only to the asymptotic regime . Injection of a random magnetic helicity is considered, its RG-improved spectral density derived, and its contribution to the velocity and magnetic field correlation functions determined. The RG scaling solutions are used to determine information at asymptotic scales about energy and helicity cascade directions and mixing between magnetic and kinetic energy. Some of the results found here also are shown to be valid for the Navier-Stokes hydrodynamic equation. The results have applicability to geomagnetism as well as cosmic magnetic fields at astrophysical and cosmological scales.
Improving the performance of bioelectrochemical sulfate removal by applying flow mode

Treatment of wastewater contaminated with high sulfate concentrations is an environmental imperative lacking a sustainable and environmental friendly technological solution. Microbial electrochemical technology (MET) represents a promising approach for sulfate reduction. In MET, a cathode is introduced as inexhaustible electron source for promoting sulfate reduction via direct or mediated electron transfer. So far, this is mainly studied in batch mode representing straightforward and easy‐to‐use systems, but their practical implementation seems unlikely, as treatment capacities are limited. Here, we investigated bioelectrochemical sulfate reduction in flow mode and achieved removal efficiencies (Esulfate, 89.2 ± 0.4%) being comparable to batch experiments, while sulfate removal rates (Rsulfate, 3.1 ± 0.2 mmol L−1) and Coulombic efficiencies (CE, 85.2 ± 17.7%) were significantly increased. Different temperatures and hydraulic retention times (HRT) were applied and the best performance was achieved at HRT 3.5 days and 30°C. Microbial community analysis based on amplicon sequencing demonstrated that sulfate reduction was mainly performed by prokaryotes belonging to the genera Desulfomicrobium, Desulfovibrio, and Desulfococcus, indicating that hydrogenotrophic and heterotrophic sulfate reduction occurred by utilizing cathodically produced H2 or acetate produced by homoacetogens (Acetobacterium). The advantage of flow operation for bioelectrochemical sulfate reduction is likely based on higher absolute biomass, stable pH, and selection of sulfate reducers with a higher sulfide tolerance, and improved ratio between sulfate‐reducing prokaryotes and homoacetogens.
Development and validation of a potential biomarker to improve the assessment of liver fibrosis progression in patients with chronic hepatitis B

We aimed to develop and validate a novel combined score to improve the assessment of liver fibrosis progression in patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB). In this study, a total of 331 CHB patients from three cohorts who underwent liver biopsy were enrolled, and the Scheuer system was used for liver fibrosis classification. The combined score was derived by principal component analysis of key differentially expressed genes. For significant liver fibrosis (≥S2), the areas under the receiver operating characteristics curves (AUROCs) of the combined score were 0.838, 0.842, and 0.881 in the three cohorts, respectively. And for advanced liver fibrosis (≥S3), the AUROCs were 0.794, 0.801, and 0.901, respectively. Compared with the results of AUROCs for aspartate aminotransferase≥to≥platelet ratio (APRI) and fibrosis index based on four factors (FIB‐4) in the validation cohorts, better clinical diagnostic value for assessing the progression of liver fibrosis was found in the combined score. Additionally, univariate ordered logistic regression analysis indicated that the combined score could serve as a more superior and stable risk factor than APRI and FIB‐4 in the assessment of liver fibrosis. For CHB patients with normal alanine aminotransferase (ALT), our results further emphasized the diagnostic value of the combined score for significant fibrosis (≥S2) and advanced fibrosis (≥S3). Moreover, it was found that patients with the high combined score, who were associated with the advanced fibrosis stage, had higher levels of drug sensitivity and immune checkpoint expression. In conclusion, the novel combined score could serve as a potential biomarker and contribute to improving the assessment of fibrosis stage in CHB patients.
Outcomes of Childhood Noninfant Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia With 11q23/KMT2A Rearrangements in a Modern Therapy Era: A Retrospective International Study

PURPOSE We aimed to study prognostic factors and efficacy of allogeneic hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) in first remission of patients with noninfant childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) with 11q23/KMT2A rearrangements treated with chemotherapy regimens between 1995 and 2010. PATIENTS AND METHODS Data were retrospectively retrieved from 629 patients with 11q23/KMT2A-rearranged ALL from 17 members of the Ponte-di-Legno Childhood ALL Working Group. Clinical and biologic characteristics, early response assessed by minimal residual disease at the end of induction (EOI) therapy, and allo-HSCT were analyzed for their impact on outcomes. RESULTS A specific 11q23/KMT2A translocation partner gene was identified in 84.3% of patients, with the most frequent translocations being t(4;11)(q21;q23) (n = 273; 51.5%), t(11;19)(q23;p13.3) (n = 106; 20.0%), t(9;11)(p21_22;q23) (n = 76; 14.3%), t(6;11)(q27;q23) (n = 20; 3.8%), and t(10;11)(p12;q23) (n = 14; 2.6%); 41 patients (7.7%) had less frequently identified translocation partner genes. Patient characteristics and early response varied among subgroups, indicating large biologic heterogeneity and diversity in therapy sensitivity among 11q23/KMT2A-rearranged ALL. The EOI remission rate was 93.2%, and the 5-year event-free survival (EFS) for the entire cohort was 69.1% ± 1.9%, with a range from 41.7% ± 17.3% for patients with t(9;11)-positive T-ALL (n = 9) and 64.8% ± 3.0% for patients with t(4;11)-positive B-ALL (n = 266) to 91.2% ± 4.9% for patients with t(11;19)-positive T-ALL (n = 34). Low EOI minimal residual disease was associated with favorable EFS, and induction failure was particularly predictive of nonresponse to further therapy and relapse and poor EFS. In addition, EFS was not improved by allo-HSCT compared with chemotherapy only in patients with both t(4;11)-positive B-ALL (n = 64 v 51; P = .10) and 11q23/KMT2A-rearranged T-ALL (n = 16 v 10; P = .69). CONCLUSION Compared with historical data, prognosis of patients with noninfant 11q23/KMT2A-rearranged ALL has improved, but allo-HSCT failed to affect outcome. Targeted therapies are needed to reduce relapse and treatment-related mortality rates.
Age-related changes in migratory behaviour within the first annual cycle of a passerine bird

First time migrants (juveniles hereafter) of many species migrate without specific knowledge of non-breeding locations, but experience may aid adults in timing and route decisions because they can migrate more efficiently to their previous non-breeding sites. Consequently, we expect a transition to more efficient migratory behaviour with age, but when and how this happens is little known. We used light-level geolocator data from Cyprus wheatears Oenanthe cypriaca to compare migration timing and route directness between juveniles and adults, and repeatability of their timing and non-breeding locations. We predicted that juveniles would depart and arrive later than adults for both autumn and spring migration; that duration of migration would be greater for juveniles; that routes taken by juveniles would be less direct than those for adults; and that autumn and spring departure timing, and non-breeding locations, would be more repeatable for adults between two years than for juveniles between their first and subsequent migration. We found that juveniles departed significantly later than adults in autumn but there was no difference in arrival timing, and although spring departure timings did not differ, juveniles arrived on the breeding grounds later than adults. Nevertheless, we found no significant age-related difference in the duration of migration in autumn or spring. Yet, juvenile migrations were less direct than those of adults in autumn, but not spring. We found evidence that spring departure timing and non-breeding locations were repeatable for adults but not juveniles. Our findings show that age-related changes in migratory behaviour begin to occur during the first annual cycle demonstrating the potential for early adaptation to environmental variability within an individual’s life.