Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
INENet: Inliers Estimation Network With Similarity Learning for Partial Overlapping Registration

Point cloud registration is a key problem in the application of computer vision to robotics, autopilot and other fields. However, because the object is partially covered up or the resolution of 3D scanners is different, point clouds collected by the same sense may be inconsistent and even incomplete. Inspired by the recently proposed learning-based approaches, we propose Inliers Estimation Network (INENet) which includes a self-designed threshold prediction network and a probability estimation network with adaptive similarity mutual attention to help to find the overlapping area of the point clouds. In order to solve the above problems, we divide the partially overlapping point cloud registration task into two sub-tasks: overlapping areas detection and registration. The threshold prediction network can automatically calculate the threshold according to the input point clouds, and then the probability estimation network estimates the overlapping points by using threshold. The advantages of the proposed approach include: (1) threshold prediction network avoids bias and the complexity of manually adjusting the threshold. (2) Probability estimation network with similarity matrix can deeply fuse the information between a pair of point clouds, which is helpful to improve the accuracy. (3) INENet can be easily integrated into other overlapping region sensitive algorithms and without adjusting parameters. We conduct experiments on the ModelNet40, S3DIS and 3DMatch data sets. Specifically, the rotation error of the registration algorithm integrated with INENet is improved by at least 25% compared with direct partial overlap registration, our method improves the $F_{1} $ score by 5% and has better anti-noise ability compared with the existing overlap detection methods, showing the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Magnetic fields in nearby normal galaxies: energy equipartition

We present maps of total magnetic field using ‘equipartition’ assumptions for five nearby normal galaxies at sub-kpc spatial resolution. The mean magnetic field is found to be ∼11 μG. The field is strongest near the central regions where mean values are ∼20−25 μG and fall to ∼15 μG in disc and ∼10 μG in the outer parts. There is little variation in the field strength between arm and interarm regions, such that, in the interarms, the field is 20 per cent weaker than in the arms. There is no indication of variation in magnetic field as one moves along arm or interarm after correcting for the radial variation of magnetic field. We also studied the energy densities in gaseous and ionized phases of the interstellar medium and compared to the energy density in the magnetic field. The energy density in the magnetic field was found to be similar to that of the gas within a factor of 2 at sub-kpc scales in the arms, and thus magnetic field plays an important role in pressure balance of the interstellar medium. Magnetic field energy density is seen to dominate over the kinetic energy density of gas in the interarm regions and outer parts of the galaxies and thereby helps in maintaining the large-scale ordered fields seen in those regions.
Propeller-driven outflows from an MRI disc

We present the results of axisymmetric simulations of MRI-driven accretion onto a rapidly rotating, magnetized star accreting in the propeller regime. The stellar magnetosphere corotates with the star, forming a centrifugal barrier at the disc-magnetosphere boundary which inhibits matter accretion onto the star. Instead, the disc matter accumulates at the disc-magnetosphere interface and slowly diffuses into the inner magnetosphere where it picks up angular momentum and is quickly ejected from the system as an outflow. Due to the interaction of the matter with the magnetosphere, this wind is discontinuous and is launched as discrete plasmoids. If the ejection rate is lower than the disc accretion rate, the matter accumulates at the disc-magnetosphere boundary faster than it can be ejected. In this case, accretion onto the star proceeds through the episodic accretion instability in which episodes of matter accumulation are followed by simultaneous accretion and ejection. During the accretion phase of this instability in which matter flows onto the star in funnel streams, we observe a corresponding rise in the outflow rate. Both the accretion and ejection processes observed in our simulations are highly non-stationary. The stars undergo strong spin-down due to the coupling of the stellar field with the disc and corona and we measure the spin-down timescales of around 1 Myr for a typical CTTS in the propeller regime.
Prognostic Value of Circulating Tumor DNA (ctDNA) in Oncogene-Driven NSCLC: Current Knowledge and Future Perspectives

Simple Summary Personalized medicine has significantly changed the clinical outcome of oncogene-driven non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) due to the efficacy of molecular targeted therapies. Despite the advances in the management of this group of patients, the need for powerful biomarkers with the potential for a real-time assessment of the tumor genomic profile as well as for detecting and monitoring minimal residual disease (MRD) remains unmet. The aim of this article is to present the current knowledge and the future perspectives regarding the prognostic value of ctDNA in NSCLC, focusing on the most common druggable driver mutations, including those in epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK), c-ros oncogene 1 (ROS1), rearranged during transfection (RET), kirsten rat sarcoma virus (KRAS), B-Raf proto-oncogene (BRAF), and mesenchymal epithelial transition factor receptor (MET) genes. Abstract As we enter an unprecedented era of personalized medicine, molecular targeted therapies have the potential to induce improved survival outcome in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, a significant percentage of oncogene-driven NSCLC patients will relapse even after definitive treatment, whereas chronic and durable response to targeted therapies is a less common event in advanced-stage lung cancer. This phenomenon could be attributed to minimal residual disease (MRD), defined as a population of disseminated tumor cells that survive during the course or after treatment, eventually leading to recurrence and limiting patient survival. Circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) is a powerful biomarker for MRD detection and monitoring and is a non-invasive approach of treating cancer, and especially NSCLC, based on a real-time assessment of the tumor genomic landscape. In this review, we present the key findings of studies that have used ctDNA with regard to its prognostic value and in respect to the most common druggable driver mutations of genes in NSCLC, such as epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK), c-ros oncogene 1 (ROS1), rearranged during transfection (RET), Kirsten rat sarcoma virus (KRAS), B-Raf proto-oncogene (BRAF), and mesenchymal epithelial transition factor receptor (MET).
Notes on generalizations of local Ogus-Vologodsky correspondence

Given a smooth scheme over $\Z/p^n\Z$ with a lift of relative Frobenius to $\Z/p^{n+1}\Z$, we construct a functor from the category of Higgs modules to that of modules with integrable connections as the composite of the level raising inverse image functors from the category of modules with integrable $p^{m}$-connections to that of modules with integrable $p^{m-1}$-connections for $1 \leq m \leq n$. In the case $m=1$, we prove that the level raising inverse image functor is an equivalence when restricted to quasi-nilpotent objects, which generalizes a local result of Ogus-Vologodsky. We also prove that the above level raising inverse image functor for a smooth $p$-adic formal scheme induces an equivalence of $\Q$-linearized categories for general $m$ when restricted to nilpotent objects (in strong sense), under a strong condition on Frobenius lift. We also prove a similar result for the category of modules with integrable $p^{m}$-Witt-connections.
FUNDAMENTAL PROPERTIES OF THE HIGHLY IONIZED PLASMAS IN THE MILKY WAY

The cooling transition temperature gas in the interstellar medium (ISM), traced by the high ions, Si iv, C iv, N v, and O vi, helps to constrain the flow of energy from the hot ISM with T>106 K to the warm ISM with T < 2 × 104 K. We investigate the properties of this gas along the lines of sight to 38 stars in the Milky Way disk using 1.5–2.7 km s−1 resolution spectra of Si iv, C iv, and N v absorption from the Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph, and 15 km s−1 resolution spectra of O vi absorption from the Far Ultraviolet Spectroscopic Explorer. The absorption by Si iv and C iv exhibits broad and narrow components while only broad components are seen in N v and O vi. The narrow components imply gas with T < 7 × 104 K and trace two distinct types of gas. The strong, saturated, and narrow Si iv and C iv components trace the gas associated with the vicinities of O-type stars and their supershells. The weaker narrow Si iv and C iv components trace gas in the general ISM that is photoionized by the EUV radiation from cooling hot gas or has radiatively cooled in a non-equilibrium manner from the transition temperature phase, but rarely the warm-ionized medium probed by Al iii. The broad Si iv, C iv, N v, and O vi components trace collisionally ionized gas that is very likely undergoing a cooling transition from the hot ISM to the warm ISM. The cooling process possibly provides the regulation mechanism that produces 〈N(C iv)/N(Si iv)〉 = 3.9 ± 1.9. The cooling process also produces absorption lines where the median and mean values of the line widths increase with the energy required to create the ion.
The Seasonal and Diurnal Variation Characteristics of Soil Moisture at Different Depths from Observational Sites over the Tibetan Plateau

Using observational data of soil moisture from the third Tibetan Plateau Experiment for atmospheric science (TIPEX III), the seasonal and diurnal variations characteristics of soil moisture at different depths of 5–160 cm from seven stations were analyzed, with emphasis on the comparative analysis of the differences of soil moisture between different sites and the differences of the synergistic relationship between soil moisture and temperature. The soil moisture was wet in the southeast and dry in the northwest. The studied sites were Lhari, Biru, Nyainrong, Amdo, Nagqu, Baingoin and Seng-ge Kambab in descending order, according to the soil moisture. The seasonal variation of soil moisture at the different sites showed a significant three-peak structure, which was more obvious in the shallow layer than in the deep layer. The first peak occurred from March to May, which was mainly due to the soil thawing in spring. The other two peaks corresponded to the two rainy seasons in the plateau. Soil moisture was the greatest during this rainy period. The diurnal variations of soil moisture and temperature in Amdo, Nagqu, Nyainrong and Baingoin showed a significant positive correlation in the four seasons. The soil moisture and temperature in Lhari and Biru were significantly positively correlated in winter and spring but negatively correlated in summer and autumn. The profiles of the soil moisture with depth varied greatly at different stations in different seasons. The distribution of soil water content at each observational site did not increase or decrease with depth but showed a certain high aquifer, which might be related to the types of the underlying surface and physical properties of soil. During the summer monsoon period, soil moisture in the shallow layer of 5–10 cm was higher at all observational sites. The spatial distribution of soil moisture in the plateau was more heterogeneous than that in the plain area, and only in the central part of the Tibetan Plateau, the soil moisture varied greatly from site to site. This also indicated that it was unreasonable to only use the soil moisture of several stations to represent the overall soil moisture of the region. The results provided a multi-angle observational basis for the validation of satellite data and parameterization of the numerical model of soil moisture over the Tibetan Plateau.
When threat is imminent, does character matter for climate action? Exploring environmental concerns, well-being, and character strengths in the Pacific Island Countries

Pacific Island Countries are particularly vulnerable to the environmental and economic consequences of climate change including both direct and indirect impacts on individuals’ mental health. There is a need to better understand the links between environmental attitudes, pro-environmental behaviours, and well-being in this region and to develop cost-effective, culturally informed interventions. The present study explored the level of environmental concerns and attitudes among Pacific Island university students and how this relates to their overall well-being, the nature of their current pro-environmental actions, and the potential for individuals’ character strengths to predict pro-environmental attitudes. College students (n = 269) from six Pacific Island Countries completed a survey measuring their character strengths, well-being, and environmental support. As expected, the young adults had very high levels of concern about environmental threats, and this was related to their overall well-being. The young adults felt a personal responsibility to protect the environments around their local communities, which suggests national climate change strategies should be embedded within this localised context. Character strengths were highly valued among the Pacific Island sample and showed some association with (specifically) support for environmental actions and policies. Given the high levels of environmental concern in the sample, the character strengths approach likely provides a bridge between emotional engagement and active allyship in some individuals. Therefore, further research should investigate the role of character strengths in empowering pacific students to play a more leading role in policy change.
The gene variant for desmin rs1058261 may protect against combined cancer and cardiovascular death, the Tampere adult population cardiovascular risk study

Desmin-containing intermediate filaments are a part of muscle cytoskeleton. We have previously reported that the wild-type cytosine/cytosine genotype of a common Desmin synonymous single nucleotide polymorphism (C > T) (rs1058261) associated with cardiovascular diseases in a cohort of subjects from the Tampere adult population cardiovascular risk study. We now examined whether rs1058261 also associates with early death by following the cohort of 801 subjects from the age of 50 up to the age of 65. Outcomes for death were collected from the National Statistics Centre. Linkage disequilibrium analysis and gene expression correlations for rs1058261 were done in silico. With follow-up, subjects with wild-type cytosine/cytosine genotype had higher incidence of cancer deaths (odds ratio [OR] 5.27, confidence interval [CI] 1.160–23.946, P = .031), combined deaths from cardiovascular diseases or cancers (OR 3.92, CI 1.453–10.596, P = .007), and “hard” acute cardiovascular disease events (early myocardial infarction and/or death) (OR 3.90, CI 1.287–11.855, P = .016) compared to subjects with the T-allele. The in silico results of linkage disequilibrium and gene expression analyses showed negative gene expression sizes associated with rs1058261, which theoretically decreases desmin expression. Our findings suggest that variation rs1058261 in Desmin may serve as a surrogate marker for other variations involved in decrease of deaths from combined cancer and cardiovascular disease.
Telltale Signs of Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension With Normal Opening Cerebrospinal Fluid Pressure

Introduction Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension (IIH) with normal opening cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pressure comprises a rare IIH variant. Case Report We report the case of a non-obese Caucasian woman, who presented with asymmetrical papilledema, typical IIH-findings on optic nerve sonography and brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and was diagnosed with IIH despite normal opening CSF pressure. Following treatment with acetazolamide, a complete remission of her symptoms was achieved, accompanied by significant improvement of the fundoscopy findings. Conclusion Although normal opening CSF pressure in IIH patients is rare, clinicians should be aware of this IIH variant and promptly indicate IIH treatment in patients presenting with typical clinical symptoms and neuroimaging findings suggestive of IIH.
Post-Exercise Voluntary Drinking Cessation Is Associated with the Normalization of Plasma Osmolality and Thirst Perception, but Not of Urine Indicators or Net Fluid Balance

Post-exercise rehydration has been widely studied, with particular emphasis on retention of ingested fluid; comparatively little research has been conducted on why we drink more or less. To identify physiological values corresponding to voluntary drinking cessation (VDC), nine males exercised intermittently at 70–80% HRmax in the heat (WBGT = 28.1 ± 0.7 °C) to achieve a dehydration of approximately 4.0% body mass (BM). After exercise, participants were instructed to drink water as long and as much as they needed. Urine color (Ucolor), specific gravity (USG), osmolality (Uosm), plasma osmolality (Posm), fullness, BM, and thirst perception (TP) were measured pre- and post-exercise and at VDC. Each variable was compared for the three points in time with a one-way ANOVA. Participants reached dehydration of −3.6 ± 0.3% BM. Pre-exercise USG (1.022 ± 0.004) was lower than at VDC (1.029 ± 0.004, p = 0.022), Uosm did not change over time (p = 0.217), and Ucolor was lower pre-exercise (3.4 ± 0.7) vs. post-exercise (5.5 ± 1.23, p = 0.0008) and vs. VDC (6.3 ± 1.1, p < 0.0001). Posm showed a difference between pre-exercise (289.5 ± 2.3) and post-exercise (297.8 ± 3.9, p = 0.0006) and between post-exercise and VDC (287.3 ± 5.4, p < 0.0001). TP post-exercise (96.4 ± 4.34) was significantly higher than pre-exercise (36.2 ± 19.1) and VDC (25.0 ± 18.2, p < 0.0001). At VDC, participants had recovered 58.7 ± 12.1% of BM loss. At the point of voluntary drinking cessation, Posm and thirst perception had returned to their pre-exercise values, while rehydration relative to initial BM was still incomplete.
DENSITY FLUCTUATIONS AND THE ACCELERATION OF ELECTRONS BY BEAM-GENERATED LANGMUIR WAVES IN THE SOLAR CORONA

Non-thermal electron populations are observed throughout the heliosphere. The relaxation of an electron beam is known to produce Langmuir waves which, in turn, may substantially modify the electron distribution function. As the Langmuir waves are refracted by background density gradients and as the solar and heliospheric plasma density is naturally perturbed with various levels of inhomogeneity, the interaction of Langmuir waves with non-thermal electrons in inhomogeneous plasmas is an important topic. We investigate the role played by ambient density fluctuations on the beam–plasma relaxation, focusing on the effect of acceleration of beam electrons. The scattering of Langmuir waves off turbulent density fluctuations is modeled as a wavenumber diffusion process which is implemented in numerical simulations of the one-dimensional quasilinear kinetic equations describing the beam relaxation. The results show that a substantial number of beam electrons are accelerated when the diffusive timescale in wavenumber space τD is of the order of the quasilinear timescale τql, while when τD ≪ τql, the beam relaxation is suppressed. Plasma inhomogeneities are therefore an important means of energy redistribution for waves and hence electrons, and so must be taken into account when interpreting, for example, hard X-ray or Type III emission from flare-accelerated electrons.
Fitness Costs of Tigecycline Resistance in Acinetobacter baumannii and the Resistance Mechanism Revealed by a Transposon Mutation Library

Acinetobacter baumannii is one of the main pathogens causing nosocomial and community-acquired infections. Tigecycline is an important antibiotic for the treatment of multidrug-resistant A. baumannii infections, but strains resistant to tigecycline have also emerged. There are still many unclear questions concerning the mechanism of tigecycline resistance in A. baumannii. In this study, tigecycline-susceptible and tigecycline-intermediate strains were gradually cultured with sub-minimum inhibitory concentrations of tigecycline to select for tigecycline-resistant mutants, and a tigecycline-resistant strain was cultured under 42 °C to select for tigecycline-susceptible mutants. We found that the acquisition of tigecycline resistance affected the susceptibility of the strains to other antibiotics. Resistance to ampicillin–sulbactam is negatively correlated with tigecycline resistance. The strains will experience fitness costs along with the acquisition of tigecycline resistance. Tigecycline resistance in the strains was not related to 16S rRNA target variation or outer membrane integrity alteration. By constructing a transposon mutation library, we found that transposon insertion of the adeL gene reduced the sensitivity of A. baumannii to tigecycline. This study provides important clues for understanding the mechanism of tigecycline resistance in A. baumannii.
WISCANet: A Rapid Development Platform for Beyond 5G and 6G Radio System Prototyping

Validating RF applications is traditionally time consuming, even for relatively simple systems. We developed the WISCA Software-Defined Radio Network (WISCANet) to accelerate the implementation and validation of radio applications over-the-air (OTA). WISCANet is a hardwareagnostic control software that automatically configures and controls a software-defined radio (SDR) network. By abstracting the hardware controls away from the user, WISCANet allows a non-expert user to deploy an OTA application by simply defining a baseband processing chain in a high level language. This technology reduces transition time between system design and OTA deployment, accelerates debugging and validation processes, and makes OTA experimentation more accessible to users that are not radio hardware experts. WISCANet emulates real-time RF operations, enabling users to perform real-time experiments without the typical restrictions on processing speed and hardware capabilities. WISCANet also supports multiple RF front-ends (RFFEs) per compute node, allowing sub-6 and mmWave systems to coexist on the same node. This coexistence enables simultaneous baseband processing that simplifies and enhances advanced algorithms and beyond-5G applications. In this study, we highlight the capabilities of WISCANet in several sub-6 and mmWave over-the-air demonstrations. The open source release of this software may be found on the WISCA GitHub page.