Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Tourist experience in Halal tourism: what leads to loyalty?

ABSTRACT Although tourist loyalty has been reported to be crucial in Halal tourism, there are few studies examining Halal tourist loyalty. This study assesses how tourist loyalty is determined by Halal experience, experience quality, perceived value, and satisfaction. For this purpose, a survey was drawn from literature, designed to examine the hypotheses proposed, and conducted in Bandung, Indonesia where a total of 522 responses were gathered from Muslim tourists. Through an exploratory factor analysis, this research reveals that tourist Halal experience dimensions consist of Halal accommodation, Halal facilities and service, and people in the destination. The partial least squares modelling reveals that Halal experience, perceived experience quality, perceived value, and satisfaction are important drivers of Halal tourist loyalty. Further, the results of this research disclose that amongst the dimensions of Halal experience, the people in the destination dimension has the biggest impact on tourist experience with the visit, perceived value, satisfaction, and loyalty. These findings offer unique insights both for theoretical development as well as for tourist operators, especially those involved with Halal tourism.
Influence of different sources of oil on performance, meat quality, gut morphology, ileal digestibility and serum lipid profile in broilers

ABSTRACT This study examined the effect of palm oil (PO), sunflower oil (SO) and their combinations on the growth performance, meat quality, intestinal morphology, ileal digestibility and blood plasma lipid profile of broilers. A total of 144-day-old broiler chicks (Cobb-500) were randomly assigned to basal diets supplemented with either T1, 6% PO (control); T2, 4% PO + 2% SO; T3, 2% PO + 4% SO or T4, 6% SO fed for six weeks. Birds fed SO and the combination of SO and PO had greater (p < .05) body weight gain and feed efficiency compared to control (PO) birds at 1–21 days, and no differences were found among T2–T4 treatments. Fat type had no significant effect on birds’ performance at 22–42 days and meat quality. Birds fed SO and the combination of SO and PO had greater (p < .05) duodenum and ilium length as well as higher fat digestibility than the control birds. The control diet raised blood plasma cholesterol, triglycerides, low density lipoprotein and very low density lipoprotein than other treatments. It is concluded that feeding a combination of saturated (PO) and unsaturated (SO) oil sources altered the blood lipid profile, and increased nutrient digestibility and performance without conceding the meat quality in broilers.
Type I Interferon-Mediated Killing of Cancer Cells with IAP-Targeted Combination Immunotherapy

ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS . iii TABLE OF CONTENTS . iv LIST OF FIGURES . viii LIST OF TABLES . x LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS . xi 1: INTRODUCTION . 1 1.1: Introduction to the Inhibitors of Apoptosis (IAPs) . 1 1.2: The IAPs and cell death . 1 1.3: The role of the cIAPs in Nuclear Factor κB (NF-κB) signalling . 3 1.4: The IAPs in innate immunity . 7 1.5: IAP antagonism . 8 1.5. 1: SMAC-mimetic compounds (SMCs) . 8 1.5. 2: SMCs and inflammatory cytokines . 14 1.6: Innate immune stimulants . 15 1.6. 1: Oncolytic viruses . 15 1.6. 2: Type I interferons (IFNs) . 16 1.6. 3: CpG-containing oligodeoxynucleotides (CpG-ODNs) . 18 1.6. 4: Polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid (poly(I:C)) . 20 1.7: Rationale and hypothesis . 22 1.7. 1: Combination immunotherapy . 22 1.7. 2: Innate immune cell involvement . 22 1.7. 3: Hypothesis . 23 v 1.8: Objectives . 23 2: MATERIALS AND METHODS . 24 2.1: Reagents . 24 2.2: Antibodies . 24 2.2.1: Western antibodies . 24 2.2.2: Flow cytometry antibodies . 24 2.3: Cell culture . 25 2.3. 1: Cell lines . 25 2.3. 2: Splenocytes . 25 2.3. 3: Bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) . 25 2.4: Protein . 26 2.4. 1: Cell protein extraction . 26 2.4. 2: Tissue protein extraction . 26 2.4. 3: Western immunoblotting . 26 2.4. 4: Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) . 27 2.5: Animal experiments . 27 2.5. 1: Tumour implantation and endpoints . 27 2.5. 2: In vivo treatments . 28 2.5. 3: Measurement of disease progression . 28 2.6: In vitro experiments . 28 2.6. 1: Viability assays . 28 2.6. 2: Conditioned media transfers . 29 2.6. 3: TNFα-neutralizing antibody . 30
A new view of dorsal visual cortex in macaques revealed by submillimeter fMRI

Macaque dorsal occipital cortex is generally thought to contain one elongated third-tier area, V3d, extending along most of the rostral V2d border. In contrast, our submillimeter retinotopic fMRI maps (0.6 mm isotropic voxels, achieved by implanted phased-array receive coils) consistently show three sectors anterior to V2d. The dorsal (mirror-image) sector complies with the traditional V3d definition, and the middle (non-mirror image) sector with V3A. The ventral (mirror-image) sector bends away from V2d, as does VLP in marmosets and DLP in owl monkeys, and represents the entire contralateral hemifield like V3A. Its population receptive field size, however, suggests that this ventral sector is another fourth-tier area caudal to V4d. Hence, contrary to prevailing views, the retinotopic organization of cortex rostral to V2d differs substantially from widely accepted models. Instead, it is evolutionarily largely conserved in Old and New World monkeys.
Antibiotics on the Farm: Agriculture's Role in Drug Resistance

The discovery of antibiotics in the early 20th Century was a major breakthrough for human health, markedly reducing the infection threat from minor cuts, surgery, and cancer treatment. The more antibiotics are used, however, the faster bacteria adapt and become resistant to them. Antibiotic resistance is now spreading so rapidly, and the development of new antibiotics has slowed so much, that there is talk of a nightmarish post-antibiotic future where even minor injuries could once again become deadly if infection sets in. The threat is growing worldwide, but it is a particular problem in poor countries where respiratory infections and diarrheal diseases remain leading causes of death, especially among children.
Background insect herbivory increases with local elevation but makes minor contribution to element cycling along natural gradients in the Subarctic

Abstract Herbivores can exert major controls over biogeochemical cycling. As invertebrates are highly sensitive to temperature shifts (ectothermal), the abundances of insects in high‐latitude systems, where climate warming is rapid, is expected to increase. In subarctic mountain birch forests, research has focussed on geometrid moth outbreaks, while the contribution of background insect herbivory (BIH) to elemental cycling is poorly constrained. In northern Sweden, we estimated BIH along 9 elevational gradients distributed across a gradient in regional elevation, temperature, and precipitation to allow evaluation of consistency in local versus regional variation. We converted foliar loss via BIH to fluxes of C, nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) from the birch canopy to the soil to compare with other relevant soil inputs of the same elements and assessed different abiotic and biotic drivers of the observed variability. We found that leaf area loss due to BIH was ~1.6% on average. This is comparable to estimates from tundra, but considerably lower than ecosystems at lower latitudes. The C, N, and P fluxes from canopy to soil associated with BIH were 1–2 orders of magnitude lower than the soil input from senesced litter and external nutrient sources such as biological N fixation, atmospheric deposition of N, and P weathering estimated from the literature. Despite the minor contribution to overall elemental cycling in subarctic birch forests, the higher quality and earlier timing of the input of herbivore deposits to soils compared to senesced litter may make this contribution disproportionally important for various ecosystem functions. BIH increased significantly with leaf N content as well as local elevation along each transect, yet showed no significant relationship with temperature or humidity, nor the commonly used temperature proxy, absolute elevation. The lack of consistency between the local and regional elevational trends calls for caution when using elevation gradients as climate proxies.
Genetic diversity in natural populations of Stylosanthes scabra using ISSR markers

Genetic diversity is the basis for genetic improvement, providing genes for new cultivars. Stylosanthes scabra is a legume used in pastures, presenting economic importance in tropical and subtropical regions. Molecular markers are targeted in population studies, thus we evaluated the genetic diversity distribution of S. scabra in Brazilian semi-arid northeastern among and within populations, from molecular markers ISSR. Four natural populations of S. scabra located in the municipalities of Santa Cruz do Capibaribe, Floresta, Sertânia and Petrolina from Pernambuco state were used. We selected seven ISSR primers for amplification and analyzed 75 individuals. A total of 88 bands were amplified with a percentage of 95.27% polymorphism at the species level. AMOVA test revealed that 40.0% of the total genetic variation is within populations while 60.0% among populations. The population differentiation was 0.332 and the migrant’s number per generation was 0.5. Grouping analysis confirmed a high level of differentiation among populations. The populations with the greatest variability were Santa Cruz do Capibaribe and Petrolina, and the ISSR markers were efficient for the genetic diversity quantification in S. scabra, which presented greater variability among populations than within populations. In short, this variability will be very useful in future breeding programs for this species
PEMBENTUKAN KARAKTER TOLERANSI MELALUI HABITUASI SEKOLAH

Abstract . Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pembentukan karakter toleransi melalui habituasi di sekolah. Pendekatan yang digunakan adalah pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode deskriptif. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah dokumentasi, observasi, dan wawancara. Tempat penelitian adalah SD Bruder Melati, Pontianak, Kalimantan Barat. Berdasarkan penelitian yang peneliti lakukan, habituasi sekolah di SD Bruder Melati dilakukan melalui pembauran tempat duduk siswa dan perayaan dua hari besar agama/etnis mayoritas di sekolah, yaitu Perayaan Natal dan Tahun Baru Imlek. Hal ini cukup unik mengingat SD Bruder Melati berlindung di Yayasan Pendidikan Katolik dengan mayoritas siswa beragama Budha. Adapun perayaan dua hari besar tersebut merupakan upaya pembiasaan sekolah dalam pembentukan karakter toleransi siswa di SD Bruder Melati sehingga siswa dihimbau menggunakan pakaian atau aksesoris St. Claus pada perayaan Natal dan Congsam ( Cheongsam ) pada perayaan Tahun Baru Imlek. Selain daripada itu, habituasi sekolah lainnya adalah melalui pembiasaan: (1) Mengenakan pakaian nasional (Kebaya) dalam peringatan Hari Pendidikan Nasional; (2) Mengenakan pakaian tradisional pada Hari Kartini, mewakili berbagai etnis di Kalimantan Barat; (3) Memfasilitasi siswa penyandang disabilitas sebagai bentuk toleransi dan keberpihakan sekolah terhadap kaum miskin, lemah, dan sakit. Habituasi sekolah tersebut merupakan upaya sekolah untuk menjaga iklim keberagaman dalam bingkai Bhinneka Tunggal Ika. Keywords : Pembentukan Karakter, Toleransi, Habituasi Sekolah
Physical development in the early years: exploring its importance and the adequacy of current provision in the United Kingdom

ABSTRACT Poor physical development in young children has been shown to impact readiness for school, behaviour, social development and academic achievement. This research sought to explore levels of physical development in young children in the term that they started school. The Movement Assessment Battery for Children (MABC-2) was used to assess 115 children (aged 4–5) from four schools and 25 teachers completed an online survey. Findings from both instruments revealed a decline in physical development. It is concluded that a thorough examination of what is known and understood about young children’s physical development is urgently needed (for those working in both health and education), and further research to explore training provision in this area is suggested.
Selection constrains high rates of satellite DNA mutation in Daphnia pulex

A long-standing evolutionary puzzle is that all eukaryotic genomes contain large amounts of tandemly-repeated satellite DNA whose composition varies greatly among even closely related species. To elucidate the evolutionary forces governing satellite dynamics, quantification of the rates and patterns of mutations in satellite DNA copy number and tests of its selective neutrality are necessary. Here we used whole-genome sequences of 28 mutation accumulation (MA) lines of Daphnia pulex in addition to six isolates from a non-MA population originating from the same progenitor to both estimate mutation rates of abundances of satellite sequences and evaluate the selective regime acting upon them. We found that mutation rates of individual satellite sequence “kmers” were both high and highly variable, ranging from additions/deletions of 0.29 – 105 copies per generation (reflecting changes of 0.12 - 0.80 percent per generation). Our results also provide evidence that new kmer sequences are often formed from existing ones. The non-MA population isolates showed a signal of either purifying or stabilizing selection, with 33 % lower variation in kmer abundance on average than the MA lines, although the level of selective constraint was not evenly distributed across all kmers. The changes between many pairs of kmers were correlated, and the pattern of correlations was significantly different between the MA lines and the non-MA population. Our study demonstrates that kmer sequences can experience extremely rapid evolution in abundance, which can lead to high levels of divergence in genome-wide satellite DNA composition between closely related species.
Multibit-Generating Pulsewidth-Based Memristive-PUF Structure and Circuit Implementation

As Internet of Things (IoT) devices have evolved, physical unclonable functions (PUFs) have become a popular solution for hardware security. In particular, memristor devices are receiving attention as suitable candidates for reliable PUFs because they can be integrated into nano-cross point array circuits with ultra-high efficiency. However, it has been found that typical 1-bit generating PUFs consume too many challenge–response pairs (CRPs) to generate a single response. This issue has to be overcome to construct a strong and reliable PUF with a large number of valid CRPs. We suggest a bank design and quantizing entropy source method for constructing a multibit-generating PUF. In this paper, we propose a new pulsewidth-based memristive PUF (pm-PUF) architecture that incorporates analog memristor devices and a nano-cross point array. We describe the architecture’s circuit implementation and its operating process in detail. We also evaluate the inter and intra performances of the pm-PUF in terms of randomness, diffuseness, uniqueness, and steadiness to show that the proposed pm-PUF will be a promising solution for a high-density hardware security system.
Unexpected Biomass Burning Aerosol Absorption Enhancement Explained by Black Carbon Mixing State

Direct and semi‐direct radiative effects of biomass burning aerosols (BBA) from southern and central African fires are still widely debated, in particular because climate models have been unsuccessful in reproducing the low single scattering albedo in BBA over the eastern Atlantic Ocean. Using state‐of‐the‐art airborne in situ measurements and Mie scattering simulations, we demonstrate that low single scattering albedo in well‐aged BBA plumes over southern West Africa results from the presence of strongly absorbing refractory black carbon (rBC), whereas the brown carbon contribution to the BBA absorption is negligible. Coatings enhance light absorption by rBC‐containing particles by up to 210%. Our results show that accounting for the diversity in black carbon mixing state by combining internal and external configurations is needed to accurately estimate the optical properties and henceforth the shortwave direct radiative effect and heating rate of BBA over southern West Africa.
Adaptive responses to environmental changes in Lake Victoria cichlids

Lake Victoria cichlids show the fastest vertebrate adaptive radiation known which is why they function as a model organism to study evolution. In the past 40 years, Lake Victoria experienced severe environmental changes including the boom of the introduced, predatory Nile perch and eutrophication. Both environmental changes resulted in a decline of haplochromine cichlid species and numbers during the 1980s. However, during the 1990s and 2000s, some haplochromine species recovered. With the use of the unique Lake Victoria cichlid of collection of the Naturalis Biodiversity Center, this thesis showed how the haplochromines have adapted their ecomorphology to the changed environment. In response to a decrease in water clarity, increased predation, larger prey and low dissolved oxygen levels, these fish adapted their eyes, body shape, upper jaw and gills in a way that would be beneficial to the survival of the fish. These adaptive responses could be the result of phenotypic plasticity or genetically based changes such as natural selection or hybridization or a combination of these three mechanisms. This research showed that the Lake Victoria cichlids are able to adapt extremely fast which is likely to have contributed to their extreme fast adaptive radiation.
Is Malaysia Ready for Sustainable Energy? Exploring the Attitudes toward Solar Energy and Energy Behaviors in Malaysia

To meet the larger demand for electricity supply, Malaysia needs to achieve two main psychosocial conditions, among others—having the awareness of renewable energy and demonstrating energy-conserving behavior. To examine whether Malaysia has met these two conditions, we recruited 225 participants (n = 109 women, n = 113 men, n = 3 did not indicate) to complete a series of questionnaires. The results showed that the public was aware of the option of solar energy but was not ready to install solar photovoltaic panels after being told the cost incurred. Furthermore, the public did not show satisfying energy-conserving behaviors. To boost the installation of solar power, increasing the public’s energy knowledge and implementing policies to reduce the installation cost might be helpful. These findings highlighted Malaysia’s low readiness for solar power and shed some light on what needs to be done to be better prepared for solar power.
Rates of Loosening, Failure, and Revision of Iliac Fixation in Adult Deformity Surgery.

STUDY DESIGN Retrospective cohort review of a prospective multicenter database. OBJECTIVE Identify rates and variations in lumbopelvic fixation failure after adult spinal deformity (ASD) correction. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA Traditional iliac (IS) and S2-alar-iliac (S2AI) pelvic fixation methods have unique technical characteristics for their application, and result in varied bio-mechanical and anatomic impact. These differences may lead to variance in lumbopelvic fixation failure types/rates. METHODS ASD patients undergoing correction with more than five level fusion and pelvic fixation, separated by pelvic fixation type (IS vs. S2AI). Fixation fracture or loosening assessed radiographically (Figure 1). Multivariate logistic regression, accounting for significant confounders, was used to examine differences between the two groups for screw loosening/fracture, rod fracture, and revision surgery. Level of significance set at P< 0.05. RESULTS Four hundred eighteen of 1422 patients were included (IS = 287, S2AI = 131). The groups had similar age, body mass index (BMI), baseline comorbidities, number of levels fused (P>0.05), baseline health related quality of life measures (HRQLs) (short form survey-36, Oswestry Disability Index [ODI], Scoliosis Research Society [SRS-22], numeric rating scale [NRS] leg and back, P>0.05) and deformity (pelvic tilt [PT], pelvic incidence-lumbar lordosis [PI-LL], and sagittal vertical axis [SVA], P> 0.05). The IS group had more unilateral fixation versus S2AI (12.9% vs. 6%; P = 0.02). The overall lumbopelvic fixation failure rate was 23.74%. Pelvic fixation (13.4%) and S1 screw (2.9%) loosening was more likely with S2AI (odds ratio [OR] 2.63, P = 0.001; OR 6.05, P = 0.022). Pelvic screw (2.3%) and rod fracture (14.1%) rates similar between groups but trended toward less occurrence with S2AI (OR 0.47, P= 0.06). Revision surgery occurred in 22.7%, and in 8.5% for iliac fixation specifically, but with no differences between fixation types (P = 0.55 and P = 0.365). Pelvic fixation failure conferred worse HRQL scores (physical component score [PCS] 36.23 vs. 39.37, P= 0.04; ODI 33.81 vs. 27.93, P = 0.036), and less 2 years improvement (PCS 7.69 vs. 10.46, P = 0.028; SRS 0.83 vs. 1.03, P = 0.019; ODI 12.91 vs. 19.77, P = 0.0016). CONCLUSION Lumbopelvic fixation failure rates were high following ASD correction, and associated with lesser clinical improvements. S2AI screws were more likely to demonstrate loosening, but less commonly associated with rod fractures at the lumbopelvic region.
Misinformation, Disinformation, and Online Propaganda

Not long ago, the rise of social media inspired great optimism about its potential for flattening access to economic and political opportunity, enabling collective action, and facilitating new forms of expression. Its increasingly widespread use ushered in a wave of commentary and scholarship seeking to meld wellestablished bodies of knowledge on mass media, economics, and social movements with the affordances of this new communication technology. Several political upheavals and an election later, the outlook in both the popular press and scholarly discussions is decidedly less optimistic. Facebook and Twitter are more likely to be discussed as incubators of “fake news” and propaganda than as tools for empowerment and social change. The resulting research focus has changed, too, with scholars looking to earlier literatures on misperceptions and persuasion for insight into the challenges of the present. The terms “misinformation,” “disinformation,” and “propaganda” are sometimes used interchangeably, with shifting and overlapping definitions. All three concern false or misleading messages spread under the guise of informative content, whether in the form of elite communication, online messages, advertising, or published articles. For the purposes of this chapter, we define misinformation as constituting a claim that contradicts or distorts common understandings of verifiable facts. This is distinct conceptually from rumors or conspiracy theories, whose definitions do not hinge on the truth value of the claims being made. Instead, rumors are understood as claims whose power arises from social transmission itself (Berinsky 2015). Conspiracy theories have specific characteristics, such as the belief that a hidden group of powerful individuals exerts control over some aspect of society (Sunstein and Vermeule 2009).