Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Varying genetic imprints of road networks and human density in North American mammal populations

Road networks and human density are major factors contributing to habitat fragmentation and loss, isolation of wildlife populations, and reduced genetic diversity. Terrestrial mammals are particularly sensitive to road networks and encroachment by human populations. However, there are limited assessments of the impacts of road networks and human density on population‐specific nuclear genetic diversity, and it remains unclear how these impacts are modulated by life‐history traits. Using generalized linear mixed models and microsatellite data from 1444 North American terrestrial mammal populations, we show that taxa with large home range sizes, dense populations, and large body sizes had reduced nuclear genetic diversity with increasing road impacts and human density, but the overall influence of life‐history traits was generally weak. Instead, we observed a high degree of genus‐specific variation in genetic responses to road impacts and human density. Human density negatively affected allelic diversity or heterozygosity more than road networks (13 vs. 5–7 of 25 assessed genera, respectively); increased road networks and human density also positively affected allelic diversity and heterozygosity in 15 and 6–9 genera, respectively. Large‐bodied, human‐averse species were generally more negatively impacted than small, urban‐adapted species. Genus‐specific responses to habitat fragmentation by ongoing road development and human encroachment likely depend on the specific capability to (i) navigate roads as either barriers or movement corridors, and (ii) exploit resource‐rich urban environments. The nonuniform genetic response to roads and human density highlights the need to implement efforts to mitigate the risk of vehicular collisions, while also facilitating gene flow between populations of particularly vulnerable taxa.
PDCD4–MAPK–NF-κB Positive Loop Simultaneously Promotes Microglia Activation and Neuron Apoptosis During Neuroinflammation

Neuroinflammation and neuron injury are common features of the central nervous system (CNS) diseases. It is of great significance to identify their shared regulatory mechanisms and explore the potential therapeutic targets. Programmed cell death factor 4 (PDCD4), an apoptosis-related molecule, extensively participates in tumorigenesis and inflammatory diseases, but its expression and biological function during CNS neuroinflammation remain unclear. In the present study, utilizing the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced neuroinflammation model in mice, we reported an elevated expression of PDCD4 both in injured neurons and activated microglia of the inflamed brain. A similar change in PDCD4 expression was observed in vitro in the microglial activation model. Silencing PDCD4 by shRNA significantly inhibited the phosphorylation of MAPKs (p38, ERK, and JNK), prevented the phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of NF-κB p65, and thus attenuated the LPS-induced microglial inflammatory activation. Interestingly, LPS also required the MAPK/NF-κB signaling activation to boost PDCD4 expression in microglia, indicating the presence of a positive loop. Moreover, a persistent elevation of PDCD4 expression was detected in the H2O2-induced neuronal oxidative damage model. Knocking down PDCD4 significantly inhibited the expression of proapoptotic protein BAX, suggesting the proapoptotic activity of PDCD4 in neurons. Taken together, our data indicated that PDCD4 may serve as a hub regulatory molecule that simultaneously promotes the microglial inflammatory activation and the oxidative stress-induced neuronal apoptosis within CNS. The microglial PDCD4–MAPK–NF-κB positive feedback loop may exaggerate the vicious cycle of neuroinflammation and neuronal injury and thus may become a potential therapeutic target for neuroinflammatory diseases.
Application of Oxalic Acid and 1-Methylcyclopropane (1-Mcp) with Low and High-Density Polyethylene on Post-Harvest Storage of Litchi Fruit

The present study investigates the effects of oxalic acid and 1-methylcyclopropane (1-MCP) treatments in combination with low-density polyethylene (LDPE) and high-density polyethylene (HDPE) on the post-harvest storage of litchi fruits. The physicochemical properties, bioactive compounds, antioxidant activities, and dismutase enzyme activity (SOD) of treated and untreated litchi fruits were examined during 30 days of storage at 4 ℃. The most effective combination was 1-MCP and HDPE packaging, which lowered the weight loss and preserved the red pericarp. Fruits treated with 1-MCP and HDPE also exhibited higher content of ascorbic acid (74.73–34.95 mg/100 g), total phenol (55.70–28.83 mg/100 g), and total flavonoid content (82.46–48.54 mg/100 g), whereas anthocyanin content (0.24–0.39 mg/100 g) was lowered during the entire storage period. In addition, higher levels of DPPH activity, reducing power, and SOD activity were observed in 1-MCP and HDPE-treated fruits. While antioxidants, SOD activities, and acidity were positively associated with total phenol and flavonoid content, these were negatively associated with anthocyanin content. Thus, the combined treatment of 1-MCP and HDPE are proposed as a sustainable strategy to preserve red pericarp, improve quality, and increase fruit shelf life of litchi.
Yıkıcı yönetim, sanal kaytarma ve işteki üretkenlik: Banka çalışanları üzerine bir araştırma

The purpose of this research is to explore the relationships between cyberloafing, abusive supervision, and productivity at work through an empirical research within the framework of Social Exchange Theory. The data of the research were gathered from public and private bank employees working in Adana by survey method. The data, which was provided within the scope of the research, was examined with confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modelling. In the study results, it is seen that abusive supervision positively affects cyberloafing and has negative effects on productivity at work. In addition, both dimensions of cyberloafing are found to be negatively correlated with productivity at work. Due to the results, it is recommended to prevent abusive supervision by giving informative training to managers about the possible harmful effects of abusive supervision. Additionally, organizations can impose restrictive policies and follow specific cyberloafing behaviors that they see as a threat to productivity and take additional precautions as needed.
Pollen diversity and protein content in differentially degraded semi-arid landscapes in Kenya

In Africa there is a scarcity of information on how plant species that can provide forage for honey bees vary across differentially structured landscapes, and what are the implications of such variabilities on colony integrity. This research presents new insights into the diversity and richness of pollen collected by Apis mellifera scutellata, a subspecies of the Western honey bee native to sub-Saharan Africa, at six study sites of different degradation levels within a semi-arid landscape in Kenya. Ten colonies were established at each site and land cover characteristics were extracted using novel remote sensing methods. The sites differed by the proportions of natural vegetation, cropland, grassland and hedges within each site. Bee bread was collected five times, with three colonies in each of the six sites repeatedly sampled during the period from May 2017 to November 2018. Pollen identification and protein analysis within the study sites were thereafter conducted to establish the linkage between landscape degradation levels and abundance and diversity of pollen. Out of 124 plant species identified, Terminalia spp. , Cleome spp. and Acacia spp. were identified as the most abundant species. Moreover, species richness and diversity were highest in the two sites located in moderately degraded landscapes. Pollen protein content showed statistically significant differences across season rather than geographical location. This study demonstrated that landscape degradation negatively affected the diversity and richness of pollen collected by honey bees. Consequently, this helps our understanding of native honey bees’ forage resource usage and plant species preferences in landscapes with varying degrees of degradation.
Improve conditional adversarial domain adaptation using self-training

Domain adaptation for image classiﬁcation is one of the most fundamental transfer learning tasks and a promising solution to overcome the annotation burden. Existing deep adversarial domain adaptation approaches imply minimax optimization algorithms, matching the global features across domains. However, the information conveyed in unlabelled target samples is not fully exploited. Here, adversarial learning and self-training are uniﬁed in an objective function, where the neural network parameters and the pseudo-labels of target samples are jointly optimized. The model’s predictions on unlabelled samples are leveraged to pseudo-label target samples. The training procedure consists of two alternating steps. The ﬁrst one is to train the network, while the second is to generate
HUBUNGAN SELF-EFFICACY DENGAN TINGKAT KEPATUHAN MINUM OBAT PADA PENDERITA HIPERTENSI

Ketidakpatuhan dalam mengkonsumsi obat hipertensi merupakan masalah yang dapat menyebabkan tekanan darah tidak terkontrol. Self-efficacy atau keyakinan diri pada seseorang dapat menjadi faktor penentu untuk meningkatkan kemampuan dalam mengubah perilaku seseorang. Untuk mengetahui hubungan self-efficacy dengan tingkat kepatuhan minum obat pada penderita hipertensi. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode pendekatan cross sectional dengan jumlah sampel penelitian 84 responden. Teknik pengambilan sampelnya menggunakan purposive sampling. Instrumen penelitian yang digunakan adalah kuesioner MASE-R untuk mengukur self-efficacy dan kuesioner MMAS-8 untuk mengukur kepatuhan minum obat. Hasil penelitian dianalisis menggunakan uji chi-square. Hasil peneliti ini, dari 84 responden, sejumlah 48 (57.1%) responden menunjukkan self-efficacy tinggi dan 36 (42.9%) orang yang mempunyai self-efficacy rendah. Untuk kepatuhan minum obat, 32 (38.1%) responden masuk pada kategori patuh tinggi sedangkan patuh sedang 32 (38.1%) responden dan patuh rendah dengan jumlah 20 (23.8%) responden. Berdasarkan hasil uji statistik menggunakan chi square diperoleh nilai p 0.000 yang berarti nilai p 0.000<p 0.05. Terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara self-efficacy dengan tingkat kepatuhan minum obat pada penderita hipertensi di Puskesmas Dinoyo Kota Malang. Pasien hipertensi yang mempunyai self efficacy tinggi berkorelasi dengan patuh menjalankan terapi obat anti hipertensi.
The effect of penicillin-induced epileptiform activity on proinflammatory cytokines levels in the rat brain

Emerging evidence indicates a pathogenic role of protracted neuroinflammation in the various neurodegenerative diseases, including epilepsy. Neuroinflammation may contribute to neuronal hyperexcitability underlying seizure formation. The current research aims to examine the changes in the levels of proinflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in the penicillin epilepsy model. In the present study, 12 male Wistar albino rats were randomly divided into two groups as sham and penicillin epilepsy model. Seizures were induced with the intracortical (i.c.) single microinjection 500 IU of penicillin-G into neocortex. Rats were decapitated after observing the cortical epileptic activity and brains were removed by craniotomy. Proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and IL-1β) were measured by using ELISA methods in the cortical and hippocampal brain regions. Penicillin significantly up-regulated the expression of IL‑1β and TNF-α in the rat cortex, but did not affect the hippocampal cytokines levels. This study is indicative of the neuroinflammatory potential of cortical penicillin administration.
Characterization of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) germplasm for morphological and seed nutrient traits from Western Himalayas

Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is considered as one of the principle grain legume crops grown in Western Himalayas of Jammu and Kashmir, India. This region holds great diversity of common bean germplasm. The purpose of present study was to characterize 109 common bean genotypes collected from different hotspots for morphological traits—plant growth (growth habit, growth type, and twinning habit); leaf (color, size, and shape); flower (color, stripping on outer petal); pod (shape in relation to suture, shape of cross‐section, shape of distal part, and stringiness), seed (color and shape) traits, and quantitative morphological traits (seed weight, length, and breadth). The preliminary analysis of trait data showed wide variation for different morphological traits. Furthermore, diverse 60 genotypes were selected out of 109 genotypes and were evaluated for seed micronutrients (Fe, Zn, and Cu) and seed macronutrients (K, Ca, P, and Mg). The analysis of seed micronutrient and macronutrient data indicated substantial variation for these minerals in the germplasm. Seed Mg, P, K, and Ca concentrations varied from 1,220.5 to 2,737.5 ppm, 1,980–4,050 ppm, 8,344.5–14,794 ppm, and 300–5,350 ppm, respectively. Similarly, seed micronutrients Fe, Zn, and Cu concentrations ranged from 80.5–180.6 ppm, 14.64–104.08 ppm, and 0.9–13.4 ppm, respectively. The evaluation for seed micronutrient and macronutrient led to the identification of candidate genotypes possessing high seed micronutrient and macronutrient. The candidate genotypes identified during the present study will prove useful in common bean breeding programs as donor genotypes, in development of useful genetic resources and in gene discovery programs through functional genomics and transcriptomics.
Absolute Yields of 99Mo and 140Ba in the Spontaneous Fission of 244Cm

Absolute yields of two important internal reference nuclides " M o and '*°Ba in the spontaneous fission of have been determined using solid State track deteetor and radiochemical technique. The fission rate of an electrodeposited '^^Cm target was measured by recording the fission events on a lexan polycarbonate solid State track deteetor. The fission product atoms were determined by coUecting the fission fragments on an aluminium catcher foil and analysing the catcher foil by Standard radiochemical Separation procedures and beta counting. The absolute yields for " M o and ' • •Ba are (4.03 ± 0.02)% and (6.30 ± 0.10)% respectively. The results are compared with the available literature data and the relative scope and merit of this technique are discussed.
Organic Amendments Combined with Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria (Azospirillum Brasilense) as an Eco-Friendly By-Product to Remediate and Enhance the Fertility of Saline Sodic-Soils in Egypt

ABSTRACT In Egypt, the total area of agricultural land is 3.36 million acres, which is 3.8% of the country entire territory. One of the main obstacles to agricultural production in Egypt is soil salinization and degradation. Therefore, saline-sodic soil reclamation in arid regions is highly relevant. This study aimed to use Azospirillum inoculation with eco-friendly organic wastes for free remediation of saline-sodic soils. In this work, nine treatments included two levels of spent grain (S1 and S2), two levels of compost (C1 and C2), a mix of both sources (C1S1), Azospirillum (A1), a mix of both sources with Azospirillum (A1S1 and A1C1) and untreated control. The treatments were previously incubated with soil at field capacity for five months under laboratory conditions at 28°C. The most relevant chemical and biological parameters were analyzed every month for five months. Results indicate that Azospirillum inoculation with spent grain increased soil organic carbon (TOC), dehydrogenase and urease enzymes, micro-nutrients iron (Fe 2+ ), zinc (Zn 2+ ), manganese (Mn 2+ ), copper (Cu 2+ ), and boron (B+), and macro-nutrients nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K); while decreased exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP), pH and EC, by 75%, 12%, and 43% respectively, compared to initial conditions. A significant variation was observed in chemical and biological properties among all treatments in the order of S2 ≥ A1S1> A1 > C2 > C1S1 > A1C1 > C1 > control > initial. In conclusion, the addition of Azospirillum with the spent grain is highly recommended for the saline-sodic soil amelioration. It is more effective than compost to remediate and enhance saline-sodic soils fertility. Graphical abstract
The Effect of Using Computer Simulation on Students’ Performance in Teaching and Learning Physics: Are There Any Gender and Area Gaps?

(e aim of this study is to determine the effect of using computer simulation on students’ performance in teaching and learning physical science, particularly the electrical Ohm’s law. A sample of 182 students classified into two groups–experimental (92) and control (90)–from two middle schools in Meknes city (one in the rural area and the other urban area) was the subject of a pretest and posttest evaluation. (e outcomes of the administered test to both groups of students, control and experimental, were compared and analyzed using Student’s t-test and the Mann–Whitney U test with Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS). (e results obtained suggest that the experimental group register the best performances after the posttest than the control group (p< 0.05). While no difference, in terms of performance, was signed according to gender in the experimental group (p> 0.05), the urban students were more successful than the rural ones, with and without the use of simulations. In this respect, this study recommended using and practicing simulation software to improve and develop the performance of middle school students.
Knowledge and practices regarding pesticide application and handling among farmers in selected community areas of Uttarakhand

Background: In South Asia region, India is the biggest country manufacturing pesticides for agricultural production and ranks10th in world where farmers use pesticides in agricultural area. In India, farmers have less knowledge regarding pesticide application and very rarely they get opportunity to attend formal training program regarding handling of hazardous pesticides. In developing countries, farmers have unsafe pesticide application and handling practices due to which pesticide poisoning has a major health problems among famers. Indian farmers who practice unsafe use of pesticides also experience different health problems. Hence there is a necessity to find out knowledge and practices of farmers while handling dangerous pesticides in day to day life. Methods: A quantitative research approach and cross sectional survey design was used in present study. Total of 302 farmers residing in rural area of Doiwala block were selected by using purposive sampling technique. Ethical permission was obtained from institutional ethical committee and informed consent was taken from study participants. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Results: A total of 125 (41.5%) farmers were using pesticide two times in a year and 180(59.8%) farmers used it for protection of crops. It was expressed by 223 (73.8%) farmers that they read the labels on the pesticide containers before using it but only 182(60.3%) farmers followed the instructions on the label. Conclusions: Farmers did not have adequate knowledge about frequency and reasons of using pesticide in farming. Majority of the farmers did not have adequate knowledge and practices regarding use of pesticide in agricultural area.
Altered gray-white matter boundary in toddlers at risk for autism relates to later diagnosis of Autism Spectrum Disorder.

Background: Recent neuroimaging studies have highlighted differences in cerebral maturation in individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in comparison to typical development. For instance, the sharpness of the gray-white matter boundary is decreased in adults with ASD. To determine how the gray-white matter boundary integrity relates to early ASD phenotypes, we used a regional structural MRI index called the gray-white matter contrast (GWC) on a sample of toddlers with a hereditary high risk for ASD. Methods: We used a surface-based approach to compute vertex-wise GWC in a longitudinal cohort of toddlers at high-risk for ASD imaged twice between 12 and 24 months (n=20). A full clinical assessment of ASD-related symptoms was performed in conjunction with imaging and again at three years of age for diagnostic outcome. Three outcome groups were defined (ASD, n=9; typical development, n=8; non-typical development, n=3). Results: ASD diagnostic outcome at age 3 was associated with widespread increases in GWC between age 12 and 24 months. Many cortical regions were affected, including regions implicated in social processing and language acquisition. In parallel, we found that early onset of ASD symptoms (i.e. prior to 18-months) was specifically associated with slower GWC rates of change during the second year of life. These alterations were found in areas mainly belonging to the central executive network.Limitations: Our study is the first to measure maturational changes in GWC in toddlers who developed autism, but the limited size of our sample characterizes its exploratory nature and warrants further replication in independent and larger samples. Conclusion: These results suggest that ASD is linked to early alterations of the gray-white matter boundary in widespread areas. Early onset of symptoms constitutes an independent clinical parameter associated with a specific corresponding neurobiological developmental trajectory. Altered neural migration and/or altered myelination processes potentially explain these findings.
Dietary Adequacy of Macro and Micronutrients in National Level Indian Male Sprinters

Proper balance of nutrients is crucial for athletes to maintain a good nutritional profile and optimize sports performance. The aim of the study was to evaluate nutrient intake and adequacy among Indian sprinters among various age groups. Cross-sectional study on Indian male National level sprinters (n=80) was carried out. Height, weight, dietary practices, and nutrient intake were collected. Mean weight, height and BMI were 59.3±2.8 kg, 170.3±2.6 cm, and 20.5±1.6 kg/m 2 respectively. Mean daily energy, carbohydrate, and protein intake per kg BM was 51±20 kcal; 7.56g and1.83±0.9g respectively and 24.89% came from fat. Nutrient Adequacy Ratio values reveal adequacy of vitamin A, B-complex vitamins, ascorbic acid, magnesium, calcium, zinc, and iron. Macro and micronutrient intake was significantly close to recommendations except for vitamin D in 10-12 years while in 13-15 years, protein, niacin, zinc, and pyridoxine were comparable and 16-17 years had a maximum deviation from recommendations. Nutrients (carbohydrate, protein, iron, zinc, and thiamine) were close to the recommendation in the 18+ group. Inter-individual variability in macro and micronutrient intake highlights the need for a well balanced, healthy meal plan from a sports nutritionist for tailor-made diets to suit training load to optimize performance.