Health needs related to chemotherapy treatment: construction and validation of educational videos

Objective: to construct and validate the content of educational videos on health needs related to chemotherapy treatment. Methods: methodological study, carried out in four stages: identification of the health needs of patients on chemotherapy; construction of the educational videos; validation by expert judges; and adequacy. Results: health needs were identified and based on these, three educational videos were constructed with content validated by 31 to 35 judges, depending on the content of each one. The total Content Validity Index and the items of the evaluation criteria were higher than 0.80 and all items had a 95% confidence interval, whose lower limit was also higher than 0.80. Subsequently, the suggested adaptations were made to improve and confer legitimacy to the videos. Conclusion: the videos are believed to contribute to the patients’ knowledge and self-management of symptoms at home, adaptation to treatment, and consequent improvement in quality of life. Descriptors: Oncology Nursing; Drug Therapy; Validation Study; Educational Technology; Needs Assessment. RESUMO Objetivo: construir e validar o conteúdo de vídeos educativos sobre as necessidades de saúde relacionadas com o tratamento quimioterápico. Métodos: estudo metodológico, realizado em quatro etapas: identificação das necessidades de saúde do paciente em quimioterapia; construção dos vídeos educativos; validação pelos juízes-especialistas; e adequação. Resultados: as necessidades de saúde foram identificadas e com base nestas, construiu-se três vídeos educativos com conteúdos validados por 31 a 35 juízes, a depender do conteúdo de cada um. O Índice de Validade de Conteúdo total e dos itens dos critérios de avaliação foram superiores a 0,80 e todos os itens apresentaram intervalo de confiança de 95%, cujo limite inferior também foi superior a 0,80. Posteriormente, realizaram-se as adaptações sugeridas para aperfeiçoar e conferir legitimidade aos vídeos. Conclusão: acredita-se que os vídeos contribuam para o conhecimento e autogerenciamento dos sintomas dos pacientes em domicílio, adaptação ao tratamento e consequente melhora da qualidade de vida. Descritores: Enfermagem Oncológica; Tratamento Farmacológico; Estudo de Validação; Tecnologia Educacional; Determinação das Necessidades de Saúde. *Extracted from dissertation “Prevenção e controle de sintomas no ambulatório de quimioterapia: construção e validação de vídeos educativos em saúde”, Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 2020. 1Instituto Nacional do Câncer. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. 2Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. 3Universidade Federal Fluminense. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. 4Oncoclínicas do Brasil. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. Corresponding author: Henrique Ponciuncula Grave Rua Antônio de Abreu 47, apto 608 – Madureira. CEP: 21351-130. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. E-mail: henrique_grave@hotmail.com EDITOR IN CHIEF: Ana Fatima Carvalho Fernandes ASSOCIATE EDITOR: Renan Alves Silva Henrique Ponciuncula Grave1 Inês Maria Meneses dos Santos2 Sônia Regina de Souza2 Leila Leontina do Couto3 Aline dos Santos Oliveira4 CHow to cite this article: Grave HP, Santos IMM, Souza SR, Couto LL, Oliveira AS. Health needs related to chemotherapy treatment: construction and validation of educational videos. Rev Rene. 2021;22:e61770. DOI: https://doi.org/10.15253/2175-6783.20212261770 Grave HP, Santos IMM, Souza SR, Couto LL, Oliveira AS Rev Rene. 2021;22:e61770. 2 Introduction Chemotherapy is defined as the use of chemical substances, alone or in combination, that affect the process of growth and cell division, eliminating both tumor cells and healthy cells. Its non-specificity is responsible for several side effects such as: anemia, fatigue, leukopenia, loss of appetite, alopecia, diarrhea, weight loss, mucositis, nausea, and vomiting, among others. Associated with this, cancer patients also experience psychological suffering, making the situation of illness difficult to face(1). In the principles and guidelines of the National Policy for Cancer Prevention and Control, it is clear the establishment of communication strategies with the population that allow the dissemination and expansion of knowledge about cancer, its risk factors and strategies for prevention and control(2). In this context, it is the competence of the chemotherapy nurse to formulate and implement educational manuals directed to patients and families, adapting them to their social reality, as well as to improve their quality of life by disseminating criteria for the prevention of risks and complications through the orientation of patients and families, together with individualized care(3). Health education, in the digital age, required a change in the traditional methods of teaching/learning. In this sense, the construction of audiovisual material presents itself as a contemporary and accessible means of disseminating information through an interactive format and capable of inspiring a wide audience, according to the National Policy for Cancer Prevention and Control(2). When addressing the models of educational technology that are used in Health Education, it is evident the choice of primers with topics such as: Educational Technology; the importance of using new tools in health education of the population, and how educational technologies can be effective in this process(4). These technologies, such as videos, can provide motivation in patients, increase self-esteem and reduce the side effects generated by chemotherapy treatment(5). The videos were designed based on the patients’ health needs, providing opportunities to express their concerns and doubts and enabling the evaluation of patients’ cognitive resources and knowledge expectations(6). Health needs are not limited to felt needs, medical needs, or to diseases, lacks, risks, and sufferings. If the object is recognized as health needs, and not only as health problems (diseases, risks, hardships, deaths), it is necessary an investigation about these needs and their determinants as indicators in the construction of the Educational Technology. In this context, this study aimed to construct and validate the content of educational videos on health needs related to chemotherapy treatment.