Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Levels of Essential and Non-Essential Metals in Coffee Beans and Soils of the Three Major Coffee Producing Woredas of Gedeo Zone

The levels of nine essential (K, Ca, Mg, Mn, Cu, Zn, Co, Ni and Cr) and two non-essential (Cd and Pb) metals were determined in coffee beans (from farmer’s farms and washing industries) and soil samples using flame atomic absorption spectroscopy. The samples were collected from the three major coffee producing woredas of Gedeo zone, namely Kochere, Yirgacheffee and Wonago. Effective optimum microwave digestion procedure was developed for coffee bean samples. The efficiency of the optimized procedure was validated by spiking experiment and the percentage recoveries for entire metals lie within the range of 90%-106%. Soil samples were digested with slight modification of EPA 3050B acid digestion method. In all coffee bean samples the concentrations of macroelements were higher than microelements. Among the macroelements, K was determined to be the highest followed by Mg and Ca. On the other hand, among the trace microelements, Cu quantified in the maximum level followed by Mn, Zn, Co, Ni and Cr, respectively. Toxic metals Pb and Cd were not detected in coffee beans of Gedeo zone. Like coffee beans, soil samples also contained highest amount of macroelements than microelements with maximum and minimum concentration of Mg and Cd, respectively. Pb was below method detection limit in all soil samples. The concentrations of metals in coffee beans from farmer’s farms and washing industries were not significantly different at 95% confidence level within a single woreda. The levels of heavy metals in coffee bean samples were found to be below the maximum permissible limits set by FAO/WHO for different food items and herbal plants.
Observational Study Regarding Two Bonding Systems and the Challenges of Their Use in Orthodontics: An In Vitro Evaluation

The purpose of this in vitro study was to analyze and identify a methodology for the improvement of the shear bond strength of orthodontic brackets bonded with two orthodontic adhesive systems considered to be widely used, Transbond Plus Color Change with Transbond Plus Self-Etching Primer and Fuji Ortho LC with orthophosphoric acid under various enamel conditions: dry, moistened with water and moistened with saliva. The sample size included a group of 120 freshly extracted premolars distributed into six study groups, each one of 20 teeth. A universal testing machine was used to detach the brackets. We determined and compared the strength of the two studied adhesive systems used in different enamel surface conditions. The mean shear bond strength values in groups 1 (TPCC, TSEP, dry), 2 (TPCC, TSEP, water), 3 (TPCC, TSEP, saliva), 4 (Fuji Ortho LC, etched, dry enamel), 5 (Fuji Ortho LC, etched enamel, water) and 6 (Fuji Ortho LC, etched enamel, saliva) were 15.86, 12.31, 13.04, 15.27, 14.14 and 13.11 MPa, respectively. ANOVA test and Student’s t-test showed significant differences between groups. While clinically acceptable shear bond strengths were obtained for all six studied groups, a particular outcome that to the authors’ knowledge has not been documented elsewhere has been obtained: in case of water contamination, it is preferable to use Fuji Ortho LC instead of Transbond Plus.
Let’s Put the Sleep – Back into Sleep Medicine

His story is all too common. He tried CPAP but, in the end, it did not improve his sleep and it was not worth the trouble. Another CPAP machine collecting dust, wasted healthcare resources, and wasted dollars. This is an all-too-common problem wIth CPAP non-adherence mired at 34% with no real change over the past 20 years (Rotenberg et al., 2016). Some of you may be thinking – we know the apnea hypopnea index is flawed, we need a better way to diagnose sleep apnea, and everything will be better. But are we asking the right question, shouldn’t we be asking “How do we help people with OSA sleep better? ”
Fostering Self-Efficacy in the Classroom

Christine Thorp HN-300 04/29/2021 Fostering Self-Efficacy in the Classroom Introduction Society places significant emphasis on raising a student’s self-esteem in the classroom. Teachers and parents are constantly praising students for their work within and outside of the classroom. Participation trophies and ribbons are handed out at most elementary-aged functions, with every child obtaining that feeling of accomplishment in everything that they do. A student should feel accomplished in their work and outcomes, but for their results and improvements, not for the reward that comes with it. Modern society has become so fixated on raising children’s self-esteem that students now do not know how to fail. If students are continually praised every time they hand in work or complete a task, then the first time that they are not praised, they do not know how to handle it. Failure becomes an overbearing feeling that ends up deterring students from success rather than fostering it. Failure is needed in a student’s learning experience as they need to learn how to be resilient and overcome challenges in life. A student cannot learn from their mistakes if they are never told they made a mistake. For a student to become truly successful, they need to know how to fail and how to learn from their failures. Teachers need to shift their focus and examine their educational pedagogies and the workings of psychology to see where they can work together to create a more prosperous classroom. Instead of constantly focusing on a student's self-esteem which is confidence in one’s self and their abilities, educators need to start focusing on establishing self-efficacy in the classroom. Self-efficacy is a person’s belief in their ability to succeed. Students with strong self-efficacies understand that failure is
European Journal of Management Issues. – 2021. – 29(1)

Purpose. To study critically examines links as a criterion in shaping Indonesia’s economic policy and to evaluate the relationship between sectors' forward linkages and sectors' contribution to net export earnings, employment generation, and value-added creation of Indonesia's manufacturing. Design/Method/Approach. Statistical analysis of the industries sectors' forward linkages and sectors' contribution to net export earnings, employment generation, and value-added creation of Indonesia's manufacturing between 1995 and 2005. Findings. The policies based on intersectoral input linkages have been prevalent and implemented in many developing countries. Indonesia's Government has frequently introduced the policies based on linkages. It is established that a sector with high linkages does not always provide a greater contribution to the economy. During the research window, sectors with lower forward linkages significantly contributed to Indonesian net export earnings, job creation, and value-added. However, this study does not mean that high connections are bad. This study argues that policymakers should also take into account factors other than relationships. Practical implications. The results of analysis links of Indonesia`s performance in the industries from 1995 to 2000 suggest that the policies based on interconnections, such as policies to provide greater domestic added value, are unwarranted, and but there is no need to place too much emphasis by forward linkages in policymaking. Originality/Value. This study emphasizes that all factors that are direct in the formulation of economic policy should be considered as comparative advantages.
Content Delivery Network Security: A Survey

A content delivery network (CDN) is a distributed infrastructure to deliver digital contents to end users with high performance. CDNs are critical to provide and protect the availability of Internet contents. However, adversaries can not only evade the CDN protection but also weaponize CDN resources to mount more sophisticated attacks. In this paper, we provide the first survey on CDN security. We categorize CDN security challenges per CDN infrastructure components, discuss possible countermeasures and their effectiveness, and delineate future research directions. This paper aims to highlight the state of CDN security and identify important research challenges in this area.
Silicon Den: Cybercrime is Entrepreneurship

We present a fresh perspective on cybercrime: the viewpoint of entrepreneurship. We propose a framework that sets out what infrastructure enables a particular cybercrime to get started, what barriers to entry there may be, how the crime can be scaled, what factors can inhibit scaling, why defenders can be ineffective and what eventual limits there may be to growth. We ﬂesh this out via a series of case studies and draw out a number of common factors that cause cybercrimes to succeed, to scale and to stabilise. In addition to explaining the success (and failure) of particular cybercrimes, our approach may help predict the likely success of new types of cybercrime and the changing risks posed by evolution of the types we already know.
Teacher Retention in Secondary Schools of Seventh-day Adventist Church in East Kenya Union Conference

The study aimed at examining retention of teachers in secondary schools of the Seventh-Day Adventist (SDA) Church in East Kenya Union Conference (EKUC). It employed a concurrent mixed methods research design and adopted an exploratory approach using a descriptive survey. Out of the twenty secondary schools in the Union, the researcher targeted eleven which sat for the national exams since 2008. The subjects of the study included teachers, principals, the Conferences/Field Education Directors and the BoM chairpersons. The instruments used for data collection were questionnaires for teachers. Interview schedules were organized for education directors, the school BoM chairpersons, the principals and teachers for triangulation. Observation schedule was also organized. This targeted the school infrastructure and generally all what goes on in the school. The school learning facilities and the behavior of teachers in school was also captured here. The other instrument used was the tool for document analysis to collect data for 8 years. Ninety-eight (98) teachers were required to fill the provided questionnaire, but the eleven principals, five education directions and eleven Boards of Management (BoM ) chairpersons were subjected to interviews. Three teachers per school were also interviewed for triangulation purpose. Observations were also done during the visits in schools. Documentary analysis method was also used to gather information on the turnover trends of teachers for eight years. The data collected was analyzed using descriptive statistics such as frequencies, percentages, means and standard deviations. Documentary analysis was done on records about teacher retention. Content analysis was done on responses from interviews and in open-ended questions to identify the emerging themes. The findings show that more teachers were leaving schools than those being employed in most of the years. Generally, it is evident that some teachers left church employment. The turnover was experienced annually. However, teachers intended to remain in the school as long as the administration was cooperative, understanding, appreciative, recognizes their efforts, was caring and was ready to treat them with dignity. The study recommends that the school administration should be cooperative to teachers, by treating them with dignity and appreciating their efforts. There should be stringent measures for motivating teachers, ensuring that they had access to housing and transport and that they were adequately remunerated.
EFFECT OF SALICYLIC ACID ON GROWTH, PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSES AND YIELD OF MAIZE GROWN UNDER DROUGHT

To evaluate the effect of foliar spraying with salicylic acid (SA) on growth and yield of maize (Zea mays, hybrid 321) grown under drought stress, a field experiment was conducted during the two growing seasons of 2017 and 2018. The experiment was carried out in the experimental Farm, Faculty of Agriculture, Fayoum University in a randomized complete block under split plot design with three replications. Three deficit drip irrigation regimes (100, 85 and 70% of ETc) were arranged as main plots and three foliar applications of salicylic acid (zero "sprayed with tap water as a control treatment", 140 and 280 ppm) as sub-plots. Results as average of two growing seasons concluded that, all maize growth parameters, physiological characteristics, grain yield and yield components of maize were significantly decreased and negatively responded to the most severed irrigation regime (70% of ETc). The highest grain yield as average (8.25 t ha) was obtained under irrigation with 100% of ETc combined with 140 ppm of salicylic acid. However applying salicylic acid at a rate of 140 ppm resulted in an increase of the above mentioned traits, where the maize yield was increased by 13% compared to zero SA application. Furthermore, the greatest WUE amounted 1.30 and recorded under the moderate irrigation regime I2 (85% of ETc) and decreased to its lowest value 1.19 under I100. Therefore, SA could be recommended as appropriate growth regulator for reducing the negative effect of moderate drought stress on maize plant productivity and increasing WUE under water shortage conditions. Key word: deficit irrigation, maize yield, physiological response, water use efficiency.
Degradation of Acid Black 210 by advanced oxidative processes: O3 and O3/UV

ABSTRACT Acid Black 210 (AB-210) dye is one of the most black dyes used by the leather industry. In the present work, AB-210 degradation in aqueous solution by ozonation (O3) and ozonation with ultraviolet (UV) radiation (O3/UV) was investigated. The effects of pH, initial dye concentration and UV radiation were studied in laboratory scale. Removal was evaluated in terms of residual AB-210 concentration in the treated solution and mineralization efficiency was evaluated by total organic carbon (TOC) analysis. The results indicated that AB-210 is quickly degraded after 15 min but not totally mineralized. It was observed that dye removal of 100% was achieved at pH 3, 7, and 11, while mineralization was found to increase with the pH (55% at pH 11). Concerning UV-C radiation, it enhanced AB-210 degradation at pH 3 but did not reveal any significant effect at pH 7 and 11.
NARRATIVE IDENTITY AND AGENCY 1 Narrative Identity and Agency: Association Between Mood and Psychological Well-Being

Narrative research is an evolving methodology that has been utilized in research and clinical practice. This study seeks to understand how the structure of narratives predict psychological well-being and mood, and how processing information in narrative form immediately affects respondents. A survey was created on Qualtrics and through an all-student email and social media, a recruitment script was advertised for individuals 18 years or older and Englishspeaking. In this randomized, between-subject design, we gathered 289 complete datasets where one of three randomly assigned prompts asked the participant to write about a positive or negative event or list the foods they recently consumed. All narratives were coded for agency by the first author and 25% of narratives were also coded by one independent rater with an 86% agreement. Results indicated that participants who wrote about a positive life experience had higher levels of positive mood and agentic features. Further, higher levels of agency were associated with specific aspects of psychological well-being. The type of memory one recalls therefore may be beneficial for not only the self, but for relationships with others.
Sinonasal Lymphoma: Extranodal Natural Killer/T-Cell Lymphoma and Its Differential Diagnosis

Abstract Lymphoma is the second most common malignancy in the nasal tract and paranasal sinuses after squamous cell carcinoma (Acta Oncol 1997;36:45–50). Sinonasal lymphoma is the most common hematolymphoid lesion at the site, accounting for approximately 1% of all lymphomas (Virchows Arch A Pathol Anat Histopathol 1989;414:399–405). These neoplasms are diverse, including B cell, T cell, and natural killer cell differentiation. This group of lymphomas includes chronic and aggressive entities, some with clearly defined etiologies and associations including Epstein-Barr virus, HIV, and human T-cell leukemia virus infections, with variable differentiation and distinctive growth patterns. In this report, we will review the most prevalent entities with a focus on extranodal natural killer/T-cell lymphoma. A sinonasal lymphoma differential diagnosis is provided with review of the epidemiologic, histomorphologic, and immunophenotypic characteristics and discuss diagnostic pitfalls. The discussion is accompanied by representative micrographs, with an explanation of the particular features of each diagnosis. Lastly, we will briefly discuss important clinical characteristics.
Does Asset Encumbrance Affect Bank Risk? Evidence from Covered Bonds

Theories suggest that asset encumbrance, the ring-fencing of certain assets for protected debtholders, can affect banks’ risk taking and lead to funding instability. We test these hypotheses using a unique, hand-collected dataset on outstanding covered bonds issued by a sample of listed European banks. Our results suggest that the effect of asset encumbrance on risk depends on the proportion of debtholders exerting market discipline and on the bank’s liquidity buffers. We deal with concerns regarding omitted variables and reverse causality using several fixed effects estimations and an instrumental variables approach.
User-Generated Content Regulation for Mixed Two-Sided Platforms

Mixed two-sided platforms suffer from the dilemma related to the platform’s regulation of user-generated content (UGC). Strict regulation may weaken the willingness of users to continuously generate new content, whereas loose regulation may lead to massive low-quality content shares. This study develops a game-theoretic model to address the optimal level of platform regulation and the factors that influence the platform’s revenue model decisions. Two revenue models are generally adopted by a UGC platform: access price and advertisement agency. We find that the positive effect of platform regulation and the efficiency of ads has significant influence on the results related to optimal regulation level and revenue model. In particular, when the positive effect of platform regulation is minimal (maximal), regular (maximal) platform regulation is optimal. Moreover, when the efficiency of ads is positive, the platform under the advertisement agency model generates more revenue; otherwise, the platform under the access price model does. When the positive effect of platform regulation is moderate, the results for optimal regulation level and revenue model are jointly determined by the mixed influence of the efficiency of ads and the positive effect of regulation. We also find that a win-win-win scenario for platform profit, consumer surplus, and social welfare may occur. This study contributes to our understanding of the economic analysis of platform regulation. Our findings also provide insights into the strategy of platform regulation and the impact of platform regulation on a platform’s revenue model decisions.
Dear Editor and Reviewers: Thank you very much for your professional and insightful comments concerning our manuscript “ENSO-ASC 1.0.0: ENSO Deep Learning Forecast Model with a Multivariate Air–Sea Coupler”

Thank you very much for your professional and insightful comments concerning our manuscript “ENSO-ASC 1.0. 0: ENSO Deep Learning Forecast Model with a Multivariate Air–Sea Coupler” (ID: gmd-2021-213). Those comments are all very valuable and helpful for revising and improving our manuscript, we have made extensive revisions and corrections according to the nice suggestions. The point-by-point major responses are as following for three reviewers respectively. Besides the detailed revisions according to the comments from two reviewers, we also carefully edit and modify our manuscript. A track changes version of the manuscript is also attached, highlighting all the changes made in response to the reviewers’ comments.
Religion and Dialogue in the City

This article examines, from a sociological perspective, how religious communities and their congregations respond to religious diversity, that is the extent to which they enter into interreligious relations, and under what conditions they do so.1 Starting from a ‘dialogical turn’ – in the sense of an increasing normative claim to a dialogical organisation of social processes aimed at recognizing diversity, and taking into account the high expectations of interreligious dialogue in particular – the article explores how far this corresponds to the empirical practice of religious communities. For this, it investigates the interreligious relations between individual congregations and how these are influenced by religious affiliation, religious beliefs, social integration, and context. The results are based on a representative study in which the leaders of 350 of the 547 identified congregations in Hamburg were interviewed. The study shows that interreligious relations between congregations are a relevant phenomenon in the religious field and for its transformation in the course of pluralisation and secularisation. However, interreligious relations do not automatically result from religious diversity. Rather, they need to be developed and depend both on their position in the religious field and the degree to which the congregation is integrated into society at large. The high commitment to interreligious relations among Muslim and other non-Christian congregations in particular suggests an advanced process of integration (rather than the existence of ‘parallel societies’). Even though religious beliefs turn out not to be essential for interreligious relations, exclusivist attitudes, however, continue to be a challenge in plural societies and require further empirical research. The contribution is structured as follows: Against the backdrop of interreligious dialogue as a normative concept, the relevance of interreligious relations is first established as the empirical object of investigation of this study (1). Based on the assumption that interreligious relations cannot be considered as isolated from the context, the city of Hamburg is outlined in its relevant aspects as the study area that is of interest here (2). Subsequently the research question of how far interreligious relations are built and how they are influenced is considered theoretically and against the background of the research status in order to derive substantiated hypotheses from it (3). This is followed by specifications on method, sample, 1 The term ‘religious community’ is used for the spatially spanning community and its organisation, while the term ‘congregation’ refers to the individual spatially determinable gatherings of its members and adherents. For the exact definition of congregations which is used in this study see section 4.1.
Interactive comment on “The importance of model resolution on simulated precipitation in Europe – from global to regional model” by Gustav

This study analyses precipitation characteristics over Europe from a wide range of model ensembles, including Global Climate Models (CMIP5, CMIP6, PRIMAVERA) and Regional Climate Models (CORDEX). The precipitation characteristics include daily precipitation distributions based on the ASoP diagnostics developed by Klingaman et al (2017), as well as statistical metrics such as number of wet days, number of heavy precipitation days, intensity of wet days, intensity of heaviest precipitation day. The aim of this study is three-fold: 1) investigate differences between model ensembles, and between models within each ensemble, by using a wide range of ensembles from CMIP5, CMIP6, PRIMAVERA and CORDEX; 2) evaluate model performance against observations, using E-OBS data; 3) investigate the role of resolution in precip-