Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Relationship between turbulent energy dissipation and gas transfer through the air–sea interface

Abstract The nonlinear dependence of gas transfer velocity on wind speed typically results in the best fit of observational data; however, gas transfer velocity is dimensionally inconsistent with the nonlinear wind speeds. The objective of the current study was to show that, in the case of wind waves, gas transfer velocity with a consistent dimension should be determined by turbulent viscosity instead of by the viscosity of water when parameterised using the renewal model. Turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) near the air–sea interface is significantly intensified by breaking wind waves. By analyzing various models, we found that the TKE dissipation rate was explicitly linearly related to wind speed and dependent on wave age, with powers ranging from –2.36 to 4.0. Various models show that wave energy dissipation (WED) due to wind wave breaking explicitly increases with the cube of the wind speed and weakly depends on wave age. Assuming a balance between WED and total TKE dissipation in a constant dissipation layer, the depth of this layer was shown to be comparable to the wave height. Using the traditional renewal model with wind wave turbulent viscosity and TKE dissipation rate at the sea surface, we found that the gas transfer velocity was explicitly linearly related to wind speed in a dimensionally consistent manner, and depended simultaneously on the wave age and drag coefficient. These results are consistent with observational data obtained using the eddy correlation method. We emphasise that the linear dependence on wind speed is only valid when the wave age and drag coefficient are fixed; thus, this finding cannot be directly confirmed by currently available observational data due to a lack of wave state information.
Lightweight Neural Network Architecture for Pipeline Weld Crack Leakage Monitoring Using Acoustic Emission

Wall penetration and weld crack leakage of pressure pipelines threaten its service safety. Although acoustic emission (AE) technology has been applied to online monitoring, the high sampling frequency poses a huge strain on data transmission and processing. A lightweight intelligent architecture for monitoring crack leakage in pipeline weld is proposed to address this, which can effectively learn high-level abstract features from compressed AE data. Aiming at the problem that the existing crack form is single and divorced from engineering practice, three well-designed experiments with different crack leaks validate the effectiveness of the proposed method. The results show that the number of sampling points is reduced by 80%, and the compressed peak voltage and energy of AE have better characterization capabilities. Compared to the other state-of-the-art methods, the proposed method has the four best performance metrics, which provides a new possibility for pipeline leak monitoring based on AE in the industrial field.
A New Paradigm of Open Innovation under Chinese Modernization: Co-innovation Theory Review

Co-innovation is a new paradigm and a new hot spot in the field of technological innovation. This study uses bibliometric analysis and CiteSpace to analyze the co-innovation related literature published at domestic and abroad during 2010-2022 to explore the current status and development trend of co-innovation research. The research results show that co-innovation research at domestic and abroad is developing rapidly and increasingly becoming a research hotspot in the field of technological innovation. Compared with foreign scholars who have begun to quantify and case study the technological paths of co-innovation, domestic research still mainly relies on qualitative methods to theoretically explore the institutional mechanism of co-innovation, which can hardly meet the development needs of co-innovation policy and practice. Therefore, this study proposes future research directions for co-innovation in four major aspects: mechanism of action, network model, empowerment mechanism and governance mechanism. As the first systematic study of co-innovation literature in China and abroad, this study has important theoretical significance and practical value.
Probabilistic Precipitation Forecast Postprocessing Using Quantile Mapping and Rank-Weighted Best-Member Dressing

Hamill et al. described a multimodel ensemble precipitation postprocessing algorithm that is used operationally by the U.S. National Weather Service (NWS). This article describes further changes that produce improved, reliable, and skillful probabilistic quantitative precipitation forecasts (PQPFs) for single or multimodel prediction systems. For multimodel systems, final probabilities are produced through the linear combination of PQPFs from the constituent models. The new methodology is applied to each prediction system. Prior to adjustment of the forecasts, parametric cumulative distribution functions (CDFs) of model and analyzed climatologies are generated using the previous 60 days’ forecasts and analyses and supplemental locations. The CDFs, which can be stored with minimal disk space, are then used for quantile mapping to correct state-dependent bias for each member. In this stage, the ensemble is also enlarged using a stencil of forecast values from the 5 × 5 surrounding grid points. Different weights and dressing distributions are assigned to the sorted, quantile-mapped members, with generally larger weights for outlying members and broader dressing distributions for members with heavier precipitation. Probability distributions are generated from the weighted sum of the dressing distributions. The NWS Global Ensemble Forecast System (GEFS), the Canadian Meteorological Centre (CMC) global ensemble, and the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) ensemble forecast data are postprocessed for April–June 2016. Single prediction system postprocessed forecasts are generally reliable and skillful. Multimodel PQPFs are roughly as skillful as the ECMWF system alone. Postprocessed guidance was generally more skillful than guidance using the Gamma distribution approach of Scheuerer and Hamill, with coefficients generated from data pooled across the United States.
Comparison of leaf volatile aroma constituents and phenolic acid profiles of the seedling originated polyembryonic mango (Mangifera indica L.) genotypes

In mango, leaf and fruit volatile aroma profiles are variety specific which can be used as fingerprint of a variety. Such biochemical markers can also discriminate the nucellar and zygotic seedlings in polyembryonic mango varieties. In order to validate the applicability of volatile as well as phenolic acid profiles as biomarkers, the open pollinated seedlings of three polyembryonic varieties of mango were compared with their mother trees. Leaf volatile and phenol acid profiling were done using Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry (GCMS) and Liquid Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry (LCMS) methods respectively. The sesquiterpene hydrocarbons were the most abundant in all the genotypes studied. Monoterpenoids were the major compounds in cultivars Vellaikolumban and Olour, while the sesquiterpenoids were the major compounds in cv. Turpentine. While terpinolene was the major monoterpenoid compound in Vellaikolumban and limonene in cv. Olour, the sesquiterpene á-gurjunene was the major compound in cv. Turpentine. Volatile profiling showed clear differences between the varieties but was similar within a variety. Among the 15 phenolic acids quantified in the leaves, P-coumaric acid, gallic acid, and ferulic acids were predominant whereas, vanillic acid, syringic acid, gentisic acid, benzoic acid, and sinapic acids were low in quantity. Phenolic acid profile did not show significant diversity among the varieties and therefore cannot be used for identification of varieties. The volatile profiling can be used for the identification and differentiation of polyembryonic mango genotypes.
Large-scale structures in a turbulent channel flow with a minimal streamwise flow unit

Direct numerical simulations are used to examine large-scale motions with a streamwise length $2\sim 4h$ ( $h$ denotes the channel half-width) in the logarithmic and outer regions of a turbulent channel flow. We test a minimal ‘streamwise’ flow unit (Toh & Itano, J. Fluid Mech., vol. 524, 2005, pp. 249–262) (or MSU) for larger Kármán numbers ( $h^{+}=395$ and 1020) than in the original work. This flow unit consists of a sufficiently long ( ${L_{x}}^{+}\approx 400$ ) streamwise domain to maintain near-wall turbulence (Jiménez & Moin, J. Fluid Mech., vol. 225, 1991, pp. 213–240) and a spanwise domain which is large enough to represent the spanwise behaviour of inner and outer structures correctly; as $h^{+}$ increases, the streamwise extent of the MSU domain decreases with respect to $h$ . Particular attention is given to whether the spanwise organization of the large-scale structures may be represented properly in this simplified system at sufficiently large $h^{+}$ and how these structures are associated with the mean streamwise velocity $\overline{U}$ . It is shown that, in the MSU, the large-scale structures become approximately two-dimensional at $h^{+}=1020$ . In this case, the streamwise velocity fluctuation $u$ is energized, whereas the spanwise velocity fluctuation $w$ is weakened significantly. Indeed, there is a reduced energy redistribution arising from the impaired global nature of the pressure, which is linked to the reduced linear–nonlinear interaction in the Poisson equation (i.e. the rapid pressure). The logarithmic dependence of $\overline{ww}$ is also more evident due to the reduced large-scale spanwise meandering. On the other hand, the spanwise organization of the large-scale $u$ structures is essentially identical for the MSU and large streamwise domain (LSD). One discernible difference, relative to the LSD, is that the large-scale structures in the MSU are more energized in the outer region due to a reduced turbulent diffusion. In this region, there is a tight coupling between neighbouring structures, which yields antisymmetric pairs (with respect to centreline) of large-scale structures with a spanwise spacing of approximately $3h$ ; this is intrinsically identical with the outer energetic mode in the optimal transient growth of perturbations (del Álamo & Jiménez, J. Fluid Mech., vol. 561, 2006, pp. 329–358).
The Sensitivity of Large Eddy Simulations to Grid Resolution in Tropical Cyclone High Wind Area Applications

The question of at what resolution the large eddy simulations (LESs) of a tropical cyclone (TC) high wind area may converge largely remains unanswered. To address this issue, LESs with five resolutions of 300 m, 100 m, 60 m, 33 m, and 20 m are performed in this study to simulate a high wind area near the radius of maximum wind of Typhoon Chanthu (2021) using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model. The results show that, for a limited area LES, model grid resolution may alter the local turbulence structure to generate significantly different extreme values of temperature, moisture, and winds, but it only has a marginal impact on the median values of these variables throughout the vertical column. All simulations are able to capture the turbulent roll vortices in the TC boundary layer, but the structure and intensity of the rolls vary substantially in different resolution simulations. Local hectometer-scale eddies with vertical velocities exceeding 10 m s−1 are only observed in the 20 m resolution simulation but not in the coarser resolution simulations. The ratio of the resolved turbulent momentum fluxes and turbulent kinetic energies (TKEs) to the total momentum fluxes and TKEs appears to show some convergence of LESs when the grid resolution reaches 100 m or finer, suggesting that it is an acceptable grid resolution for LES applications in TC simulations.
Chronic Limb-Threatening Ischemia is a Residual Bleeding Risk Factor among Patients with Lower Extremity Artery Disease

Aim: Lower-extremity artery disease (LEAD) is a high-risk factor for bleeding. However, the specific risk factors for bleeding in patients with LEAD remain unclear. We aimed to identify risk factors for bleeding in patients with LEAD after endovascular treatment (EVT). Methods: This multicenter, retrospective, observational study included 732 consecutive patients with LEAD who underwent EVT between January 2018 and December 2019. Patient characteristics, laboratory data, target lesions, and medications were compared between patients with and without chronic limb-threatening ischemia (CLTI). Predictive bleeding risk factors were explored using Cox regression analysis with differential models. Results: In model 1, a body mass index (BMI) ＜18.5 kg/m2, prior heart failure, high bleeding risk, use of single antiplatelet therapy (SAPT) plus warfarin, and CLTI were predictive bleeding risk factors (hazard ratio [HR] 2.05; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.13-3.52;p＜0.01; HR 2.15; 95% CI 1.28-3.55;p＜0.01; HR 3.40; 95% CI 1.28-3.55;p＜0.01; HR 2.05; 95% CI 1.33-5.84;p＜0.01; respectively). In model 2, a BMI ＜18.5 kg/m2, prior heart failure, anemia (＜11 g/dL), low platelet count (＜10*104/µL), chronic kidney disease, use of single antiplatelet therapy (SAPT) plus warfarin, and CLTI were independent risk factors for bleeding (model 2: HR 2.05; 95% CI 1.12-3.56;p=0.02; HR 2.35; 95% CI 1.39–3.90;p＜0.01; HR 2.71; 95% CI 1.64–4.50;p＜0.01; HR 2.66; 95% CI 1.00–5.89;p=0.05; HR 2.47; 95% CI 1.25–5.45;p＜0.01; HR 2.79; 95% CI 1.24-5.63;p=0.01; respectively) Conclusions: CLTI is a residual and predictive risk factor for bleeding in patients with LEAD. We have to pay attention to the bleeding events of patients with CLTI after EVT during follow-up.
Fecal Microbiota and Diet Composition of Buryatian Horses Grazing Warm- and Cold-Season Grass Pastures

The Buryatian horse is an ancient breed and, as an indigenous breed, they have unique adaptive abilities to use scarce pastures, graze in winter, and survive in harsh conditions with minimal human care. In this study, fecal microbiota of Buryatian horses grazing in the warm and cold seasons were investigated using NGS technology on the Illumina MiSeq platform. We hypothesized that the composition of microbial communities in the feces of horses maintained on pasture would change in the different seasons, depending on the grass availability and different plant diets. We conducted microhistological fecal studies of horse diet composition on steppe pasture. The alpha diversity analysis showed horses had a more abundant and diverse gut microbiota in summer. There were significant effects on the beta diversity of microbial families, which were clustered by the warm and cold season in a principal coordinate analysis (PCoA), with 45% of the variation explained by two principal coordinates. This clustering by season was further confirmed by the significant differences observed in the relative abundances of microbial families and genera. The obtained results can serve as an experimental substantiation for further study of the impact of pasture grasses, which have a pharmacological effect, on the diversity of the gut microbiome and horse health.
Inflammatory Bowel Diseases: An Updated Overview on the Heat Shock Protein Involvement

Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) represent chronic idiopathic disorders, including Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), in which one of the trigger factors is represented by aberrant immune interactions between the intestinal epithelium and the intestinal microbiota. The involvement of heat shock proteins (HSPs) as etiological and pathogenetic factors is becoming of increasing interest. HSPs were found to be differentially expressed in the intestinal tissues and sera of patients with CD and UC. It has been shown that HSPs can play a dual role in the disease, depending on the stage of progression. They can support the inflammatory and fibrosis process, but they can also act as protective factors during disease progression or before the onset of one of the worst complications of IBD, colorectal cancer. Furthermore, HSPs are able to mediate the interaction between the intestinal microbiota and intestinal epithelial cells. In this work, we discuss the involvement of HSPs in IBD considering their genetic, epigenetic, immune and molecular roles, referring to the most recent works present in the literature. With our review, we want to shed light on the importance of further exploring the role of HSPs, or even better, the role of the molecular chaperone system (CS), in IBD: various molecules of the CS including HSPs may have diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic potential, promoting the creation of new drugs that could overcome the side-effects of the therapies currently used.
Synthesis, Properties, and Biomedical Application of Dicationic Gemini Surfactants with Dodecane Spacer and Carbamate Fragments

A synthesis procedure and aggregation properties of a new homologous series of dicationic gemini surfactants with a dodecane spacer and two carbamate fragments (N,N′-dialkyl-N,N′-bis(2-(ethylcarbamoyloxy)ethyl)-N,N′-dimethyldodecan-1,6-diammonium dibromide, n-12-n(Et), where n = 10, 12, 14) were comprehensively described. The critical micelle concentrations of gemini surfactants were obtained using tensiometry, conductometry, spectrophotometry, and fluorimetry. The thermodynamic parameters of adsorption and micellization, i.e., maximum surface excess (Гmax), the surface area per surfactant molecule (Amin), degree of counterion binding (β), and Gibbs free energy of micellization (∆Gmic), were calculated. Functional activity of the surfactants, including the solubilizing capacity toward Orange OT and indomethacin, incorporation into the lipid bilayer, minimum inhibitory concentration, and minimum bactericidal and fungicidal concentrations, was determined. Synthesized gemini surfactants were further used for the modification of liposomes dual-loaded with α-tocopherol and donepezil hydrochloride for intranasal treatment of Alzheimer’s disease. The obtained liposomes have high stability (more than 5 months), a significant positive charge (approximately + 40 mV), and a high degree of encapsulation efficiency toward rhodamine B, α-tocopherol, and donepezil hydrochloride. Korsmeyer-Peppas, Higuchi, and first-order kinetic models were used to process the in vitro release curves of donepezil hydrochloride. Intranasal administration of liposomes loaded with α-tocopherol and donepezil hydrochloride for 21 days prevented memory impairment and decreased the number of Aβ plaques by 37.6%, 40.5%, and 72.6% in the entorhinal cortex, DG, and CA1 areas of the hippocampus of the brain of transgenic mice with Alzheimer’s disease model (APP/PS1) compared with untreated animals.
Effects of electronic cigarettes and nicotine on the ventral surface of rat tongue and the possible role of a combination of vitamin C and E.

: OBJECTIVE: The aim of this paper is to study structural changes caused by nicotine and electronic cigarette refill liquid in ventral surface of rat tongue and the possible effects of supplementation with vitamins C and E combined. DESIGN: 40 adult albino rats of male gender, weighing (200–300 gms) were allocated into 5 groups; control, electronic cigarettes (EC), electronic cigarettes group supplemented with vitamin C and E combination (EC plus V), nicotine (N) group and nicotine group given vitamin C and E combination (N plus V). Specimens were prepared for histological examination by light microscopy and histomorphometric analysis of total surface areas. One-way ANalysis of VAriance (ANOVA) test. When F ratio of ANOVA was significant Levene test of homogeneity of variances was used, and if significant Brown-Forsythe Robust test was adopted. Games-Howell was used in Post-hoc multiple comparisons, with a 5% significance level. RESULTS: Detrimental degenerative changes were observed in nicotine and electronic cigarettes groups. Preservation of the normal cellular organization was seen in nicotine and electronic cigarettes with supplementation of vitamin C and E combined. CONCLUSIONS: Vitamin C and E combination can preserve normal features of ventral surface of rat tongue epithelium subjected to nicotine or electronic cigarettes.
Pharmacometabolomic Approach to Investigate the Response to Metformin in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Cross-Sectional Study

Metformin constitutes the foundation therapy in type 2 diabetes (T2D). Despite its multiple beneficial effects and widespread use, there is considerable inter-individual variability in response to metformin. Our objective is to identify metabolic signatures associated with poor and good responses to metformin, which may improve our ability to predict outcomes for metformin treatment. In this cross-sectional study, clinical and metabolic data for 119 patients with type 2 diabetes taking metformin were collected from the Qatar Biobank. Patients were empirically dichotomized according to their HbA1C levels into good and poor responders. Differences in the level of metabolites between these two groups were compared using orthogonal partial least square discriminate analysis (OPLS-DA) and linear models. Good responders showed increased levels of sphingomyelins, acylcholines, and glutathione metabolites. On the other hand, poor responders showed increased levels of metabolites resulting from glucose metabolism and gut microbiota metabolites. The results of this study have the potential to increase our knowledge of patient response variability to metformin and carry significant implications for enabling personalized medicine.
Effect of the type of posttensioning anchorage on the behavior of anchorage zones

In order to study the cracking behavior and the bearing strength of anchorage zones of posttensioning tendons using different types of anchorages, an experimental research has been performed using concrete prismatic specimens. The studied variables included the type of anchorage and the cross‐section dimensions, so the experimental program included eight prismatic specimens, four with 265 mm × 265 mm × 580 mm and four with 300 mm × 300 mm × 600 mm, reinforced with spirals and stirrups, and with two different types of anchorages. The concrete strains were measured to monitor cracking and to assess the relation between all the different variables involved on cracking and on the ultimate loads. The experimental cracking and ultimate loads were compared with models found in the literature. From the presented work, it can be concluded that the use of simple anchorage bearing plates leads to higher cracking and failure loads. This difference is more significant for cases with smaller cross‐sections.
Predicting a Migration Transition in Poland and its Implications for Population Ageing

Poland, traditionally a country of emigration, started to record a positive migration balance in recent years. However, thus far, no forecast has indicated the possibility of Poland’s transition from a net sending to a net receiving regime. This study indicates the theoretical underpinnings of such a change and provides an international migration projection. To this end, we refer to the historical experiences of other European countries, more advanced in terms of the Demographic Transition (DT), Second Demographic Transition (SDT) and Migration Transition. We develop a deterministic migration projection of four types of flow (the in-and out-migration of nationals and foreign citizens) up until 2060, combined with the United Nations’ Bayesian probabilistic models of fertility and mortality projections. The results show that Poland will evolve from having a net sending to having a net receiving status around 2030–2034. The combined effect of migration flows on population ageing will not be significant but, in the long run, when considered separately, the four types of flow will have non-negligible, though opposite, effects: the outflows will contribute to population rejuvenation, while the inflows will accelerate population ageing.