Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
How to Evaluate the Effectiveness of Health Promotion Actions Developed Through Youth-Centered Participatory Action Research

Most actions targeting children’s health behaviors have limited involvement of children in the development, potentially contributing to disappointing effectiveness. Therefore, in the 3-year “Kids in Action” study, 9- to 12-year-old children from a lower-socioeconomic neighborhood were involved as coresearchers in the development, implementation, and evaluation of actions targeting health behaviors. The current study describes the controlled trial that evaluated the effects on children’s energy balance-related behaviors, physical fitness, and self-rated health, as well as experienced challenges and recommendations for future evaluations. Primary school children from the three highest grades of four intervention and four control schools were eligible for participation. Outcome measures assessed at baseline, and at 1- and 2-year follow-up were as follows: motor fitness by the MOPER test (N = 656, N = 485, N = 608, respectively), physical activity and sedentary behavior by accelerometry (N = 223, N = 149, N = 164, respectively), and consumption of sugar sweetened beverages and snacks and self-rated health by a questionnaire (N = 322, N = 281, N = 275, respectively). Mixed-model analyses were performed adjusted for clustering within schools and relevant confounders. Significant beneficial intervention effects were found on self-reported consumption of energy/sports drinks at T2 versus T0, and on total time and ≥5-minute bouts of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity at T1 versus T0. Significant adverse effects were found on “speed and agility” and “coordination and upper-limb speed. ” No other significant effects were found. The inconsistent intervention effects may be explained by the dynamic cohort and suboptimal outcome measures. We advise future studies with a similar approach to apply alternative evaluation designs, such as the delayed baseline design.
Adjuvant Capecitabine In Triple Negative Breast Cancer: The Earlier, The Better?

A significant portion of the patients with early triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) will recur despite adjuvant or neoadjuvant treatment. Both the high risk of recurrence and the dismal prognosis of relapsed or metastatic TNBC directed investigators to search for strategies to improve the patient outcomes in early TNBC. The addition of adjuvant capecitabine treatment to standard chemotherapy schemes is one of most studied strategies in this regard, although conflicting results were present in two studies published in 2020. The recent CBCSG010 study demonstrated improved outcomes with the addition of capecitabine into the docetaxelepirubicin cyclophosphamide regimen in early triple negative breast cancer (TNBC). However, the phase III GEICAM-CIBOMA trial also investigated the efficacy of adjuvant capecitabine in patients with TNBC and the results were overall negative, although subgroup analysis showed benefit in non-basal subtype tumors. We suggest that timing of adjuvant capecitabine might be one of the reasons of inconsistent results. In the GEICAM trial, capecitabin was administered after the completion of standard adjuvant chemotherapy, which was an anthracycline-taxane combination in 67 percent of the patients. Thus at least 4-6 months had passed after surgery when capecitabine was introduced. However in the CBCSG010 trial, it was started immediately after surgery and concomitant with docetaxel in the adjuvant treatment period. Other positive trials of adjuvant capecitabine in TNBC also had similar designs. In the CREATE-X trial, patients who received neoadjuvant chemotherapy and had residual disease after surgery were randomized to capecitabine or placebo. These patients also received capecitabine immediately after surgery. In the US Oncology 01062 study and the exploratory analysis of the FinXX study, capecitabine was also given concomitant with standard adjuvant chemotherapy and showed significant benefit. Previously it was shown that initiation of adjuvant chemotherapy more than 12 weeks after surgery was associated with inferior survival in patients with breast cancer. Extrapolation from this study also suggests that early initiation of adjuvant capecitabine may be more beneficial. We suggest that capecitabine, if used, should be initiated in the early post-operative period in adjuvant treatment of TNBC, and timing of treatment should be considered in future trials of adjuvant capecitabine in breast cancer.
The delivery of the ReWork-Stroke program: A process evaluation

BACKGROUND: The ReWork-Stroke program was developed to meet the need for a person-centered rehabilitation program addressing return to work after stroke and was provided by occupational therapists (OTs). OBJECTIVE: To gain knowledge on the implementation process of the ReWork-Stroke program, the mechanisms of impact, and the contextual factors that might have affected the process. METHODS: A case study design was used. Data were collected by interviews with two ReWork-Stroke providers and their logbooks of 13 clients. Content analysis was applied. RESULTS: The ReWork-Stroke program varied in duration (12–48 weeks) and was largely implemented according to plan regarding components and how they were provided. It was mostly delivered at the workplace. Mechanisms of impact were building alliances with clients, providing intervention at the workplace, informing about stroke, assigning co-workers as tutors for clients, and collaboration between stakeholders. CONCLUSIONS: The ReWork-Stroke program can be implemented according to plan and is a flexible person-centered program in which stakeholders, coordinated by an OT, plan and take actions, mostly at the workplace, for the client’s return to work. A key factor was recognizing the current work ability after stroke. Further program development includes a more structured evaluation and technical solutions for supporting stakeholders.
Prevalence and Associations of General Practice Registrars’ Management of Atopic Dermatitis: A Cross-Sectional Analysis from the Registrar Clinical Encounters in Training Study

Introduction Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory condition which imposes substantial burden upon patients and their families. As a frequent primary care presentation, general practice (GP) trainees must develop adequate skills in AD diagnosis and management. Objectives We aimed to explore the prevalence and associations of GP registrars’ management of patients with AD. Methods This study used data from the Registrar Clinical Encounters in Training (ReCEnT) project, an ongoing cohort study of the clinical and educational experience of Australian GP registrars. Registrar, patient, and consultation factors were independent variables in multivariable logistic regression with outcome factor ‘diagnosis/problem being AD’. Results From 2010–2019, 2,783 registrars (96% response rate) provided data from 381,180 consultations. AD was encountered in 0.6% of consults. AD was more likely to be seen in patients aged 0–1 years and patients from a non-English speaking background. AD was less likely to be seen in Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander patients. Learning goals were more likely to be generated for AD and these consultations were associated with registrars seeking information or assistance. AD was strongly associated with a medication being prescribed, of which the most prescribed medications were mild or moderate potency topical corticosteroids. Conclusions Our findings suggest that, similar to other dermatological presentations, registrars find AD challenging to manage. There may be some gaps in AD management knowledge and application.
Prevalence of hyperthyroidism with hypercalcemia in Xindu district and the efficacy of vitamin D3 treatment in these patients: a randomized trial.

BACKGROUND This trial aimed to analyze the relationship between hyperthyroidism and the morbidity rate of hypercalcemia in the Xindu district, Chengdu, Sichuan province. We observed the level of serum calcium, the bone metabolic and thyroid autoimmune-related antibodies index during vitamin D3 treatment combined with traditional antithyroid drugs (ATD). METHODS Our research included hyperthyroid patients with a first-time diagnosis of Graves diseases (GD) combined with hypercalcemia on the basis of conventional anti-hyperthyroidism therapy, which were randomized into a vitamin D3 group (vitamin D3, 800-1,200 IU/day) and an ATD group (methimazole, 15-30 mg/day). All hyperthyroidism patients with hypercalcemia were analyzed, and changes in serum calcium (Ca2+), parathyroid hormone (PTH), thyroid function, thyroid autoimmune-related antibodies, and 25-dihydroxyvitamin D (25-OHVit D) levels during treatment of thyrotoxicosis with added vitamin D3 were explored. RESULTS In total, 184 patients with hyperthyroidism were observed, including 36 (19.57%) patients associated with hypercalcemia, with an age of onset of (56.39±5.80) years old. Twelve (6.52%) of these 36 cases reported digestive symptoms as the first manifestation, and four (2.17%) patients presented with a hypercalcemia crisis as the first manifestation. Serum Ca2+, free triiodothyronine (FT3), free thyroxine (FT4), and thyrotropin hormone receptor antibody (TRAb) levels increased in patients with hypercalcemia. Following the addition of vitamin D3 treatment, serum Ca2+, FT3, FT4, and TRAb levels were significantly decreased relative to the ATD group, while the thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), PTH, and 25-OHVit D levels were normalized. CONCLUSIONS Our study highlighted the importance of taking functional digestive disturbance into consideration in hyperthyroidism diagnosis, even in the absence of the typical symptoms. The level of thyroid related antibodies, thyroid function, and bone metabolism in hyperthyroidism patients combined with hypercalcemia could be improved by vitamin D3 adjuvant therapy. TRIAL REGISTRATION Chinese Clinical Trial Registry: ChiCTR2100047870.
Effects of incorporating roasted lupin (Lupinus angustifolius) flour on the physicochemical and sensory attributes of beef sausage

The effects of incorporating lupin flour on the physicochemical and sensory characteristics of beef sausages were explored. Lupin (Lupinus angustifolius) flour was roasted, then hydrated to match the moisture content of beef meat. The beef sausage samples were manufactured for six treatments by replacing beef with hydrated lupin flour from 0% to 36% (w/w). Proximate analysis revealed that carbohydrate (dietary fibre) level was increased from 9.62% to 19.31%, whereas fat content was decreased from 11.62% to 7.91%. Inclusion of lupin flour increased the meat emulsion stability (fluid released decreased from 9.35% to 1.53%) and decreased cooking loss from 22.70% to 14.30%. Softer texture and greater adhesiveness were observed in lupin‐incorporated formulations. Sensory evaluation indicated no significant difference between control and 12% lupin‐enriched beef sausage formulation in appearance, aroma, flavour and overall liking, suggesting lupin flour can be added to beef sausage at this level without compromising consumer acceptance.
Neighbourhood food typologies, fast food outlet visitation and snack food purchasing among adolescents in Melbourne, Australia

Abstract Objective: Despite the increased attention on neighbourhood food environments and dietary behaviours, studies focusing on adolescents are limited. This study aims to characterise typologies of food environments surrounding adolescents and their associations with fast food outlet visitation and snack food purchasing to/from school. Design: The number of food outlets (supermarket; green grocers; butcher/seafood/deli; bakeries; convenience stores; fast food/takeaways; café and restaurants) within a 1 km buffer from home was determined using a Geographic Information System. Adolescents’ self-reported frequency of fast food outlet visitation and snack food purchasing to/from school. Latent Profile Analysis was conducted to identify typologies of the food environment. Cross-sectional multilevel logistic regression analyses were conducted to examine the relationships between food typologies, fast food outlet visitations and snack food purchasing to/from school. Setting: Melbourne, Australia. Participants: Totally, 410 adolescents (mean age= 15·5 (sd = 1·5) years). Results: Four distinct typologies of food outlets were identified: (1) limited variety/low number; (2) some variety/low number; (3) high variety/medium number and (4) high variety/high number. Adolescents living in Typologies 1 and 2 had three times higher odds of visiting fast food outlets ≥1 per week (Typology 1: OR = 3·71, 95 % CI 1·23, 11·19; Typology 2: OR = 3·65, 95 % CI 1·21, 10·99) than those living in Typology 4. No evidence of association was found between typologies of the food environments and snack food purchasing behaviour to/from school among adolescents. Conclusion: Local government could emphasise an overall balance of food outlets when designing neighbourhoods to reduce propensity for fast food outlet visitation among adolescents.
Vesiculin derived from IGF-II drives increased islet cell mass in a mouse model of pre-diabetes

ABSTRACT Pancreatic islet-cell function and volume are both key determinants of the maintenance of metabolic health. Insulin resistance and islet-cell dysfunction often occur in the earlier stages of type 2 diabetes (T2D) progression. The ability of the islet cells to respond to insulin resistance by increasing hormone output accompanied by increased islet-cell volume is key to maintaining blood glucose control and preventing further disease progression. Eventual β-cell loss is the main driver of full-blown T2D and insulin-dependency. Researchers are targeting T2D with approaches that include those aimed at enhancing the function of the patient’s existing β-cell population, or replacing islet β-cells. Another approach is to look for agents that enhance the natural capacity of the β-cell population to expand. Here we aimed to study the effects of a new putative β-cell growth factor on a mouse model of pre-diabetes. We asked whether: 1) 4-week’s treatment with vesiculin, a two-chain peptide derived by processing from IGF-II, had any measurable effect on pre-diabetic mice vs vehicle; and 2) whether the effects were the same in non-diabetic littermate controls. Although treatment with vesiculin did not alter blood glucose levels over this time period, there was a doubling of the Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen (PCNA) detectable in the islets of treated pre-diabetic but not control mice and this was accompanied by increased insulin- and glucagon-positive stained areas in the pancreatic islets.
Mendelian Randomisation Study of Smoking, Alcohol, and Coffee Drinking in Relation to Parkinson's Disease.

BACKGROUND Previous studies showed that lifestyle behaviors (cigarette smoking, alcohol, coffee) are inversely associated with Parkinson's disease (PD). The prodromal phase of PD raises the possibility that these associations may be explained by reverse causation. OBJECTIVE To examine associations of lifestyle behaviors with PD using two-sample Mendelian randomisation (MR) and the potential for survival and incidence-prevalence biases. METHODS We used summary statistics from publicly available studies to estimate the association of genetic polymorphisms with lifestyle behaviors, and from Courage-PD (7,369 cases, 7,018 controls; European ancestry) to estimate the association of these variants with PD. We used the inverse-variance weighted method to compute odds ratios (ORIVW) of PD and 95%confidence intervals (CI). Significance was determined using a Bonferroni-corrected significance threshold (p = 0.017). RESULTS We found a significant inverse association between smoking initiation and PD (ORIVW per 1-SD increase in the prevalence of ever smoking = 0.74, 95%CI = 0.60-0.93, p = 0.009) without significant directional pleiotropy. Associations in participants ≤67 years old and cases with disease duration ≤7 years were of a similar size. No significant associations were observed for alcohol and coffee drinking. In reverse MR, genetic liability toward PD was not associated with smoking or coffee drinking but was positively associated with alcohol drinking. CONCLUSION Our findings are in favor of an inverse association between smoking and PD that is not explained by reverse causation, confounding, and survival or incidence-prevalence biases. Genetic liability toward PD was positively associated with alcohol drinking. Conclusions on the association of alcohol and coffee drinking with PD are hampered by insufficient statistical power.
Mucosal biomarkers for endometrial receptivity: A promising yet underexplored aspect of reproductive medicine

ABSTRACT Annually, approximately 2 million assisted reproductive technology (ART) procedures are performed worldwide, of which, only ~25% lead to successful delivery. There are two major factors contributing to successful implantation: embryo quality and endometrial receptivity (ER). Although embryo quality might be assessed through morphological and genetic testing, no clinically approved techniques are available to evaluate ER. Mucus in different parts of the female reproductive tract contains many cytokines, chemokines, growth factors, and nucleic acids, which influence and reflect various implantation-related processes. Therefore, the aim of the present review was to summarize available data regarding noninvasively obtained mucosal biomarkers for ER and to investigate their ability to predict the outcome of ART procedures. A broad literature search was performed to define studies related to noninvasive ER assessments. More than 50 biomarkers detectable in endometrial fluid, embryo transfer cannula leftover cells and mucus, menstrual blood, cervicovaginal washings are discussed herein. The remarkable methodological heterogeneity of the reviewed studies complicates the comparison of their results. Nevertheless, certain promising analytical targets may already be identified, such as urocortin, activin A, IL-1β, TNF-α, IP-10, MCP-1, and several oxidative stress biomarkers. The present review contains a collection of currently available mucosal biomarker-related data, which may provide insights for future studies. Abbreviations: ART: assisted reproductive technology; ER: endometrial receptivity; IVF: in vitro fertilization; ICSI: intracytoplasmic sperm injection; IUI: intrauterine insemination; MeSH: Medical Subject Headings; hDP 200: human decidua-associated protein 200; ET: embryo transfer; IL-18: Interleukin-18; LRG: leucine-rich α2-glycoprotein; ROC: receiver operating characteristic; AUC: area under the ROC-curve; LH: luteinizing hormone; LIF: leukemia inhibitory factor; TNF-α: tumor necrosis factor alpha; IFN-γ: interferon γ; MCP-1: monocyte chemoattractant protein-1; VEGF: vascular endothelial growth factor; SOD: superoxide dismutase; CAT: catalase; LPO: lipid peroxidation; TTG: total thiol groups; TAP: total antioxidant power; CE: chronic endometritis
Fractional carbon dioxide laser for treating hypertrophic scars: A systematic review of randomised trials

Hypertrophic scars present collagen deposition and an abnormal extracellular matrix that cause abnormal shape changes and limit normal movement. Although fractional carbon dioxide (CO2) laser therapy has provided promising evidence, the improvement of scarring has not been thoroughly reviewed. A systematic review of prospective randomised trial articles collected from PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane and Scopus databases was conducted on 15 March 2020 in accordance with the PRISMA‐P statement. Types and duration of fractional carbon dioxide laser used in this study along with the comparative modalities were recorded in this review. Treatment efficacy was assessed as the primary outcome. Adverse events and patient satisfaction were assessed as the secondary outcome. Five prospective randomised studies were included in this study. All studies included showed a consistent result with a conclusion that CO2 fractional laser treatment demonstrated statistically significant improvement for various scar scoring methods. Combination with other modalities may yield better results in some studies with the risk of more severe adverse events. Temporary side effects such as itching or burning sensation, erythema and oedema were present but appeared to be minimal and well tolerated. Overall patients reported significant improvement in quality of life. Some of the studies are uncontrolled with relatively short‐term follow‐up. Controlled comparative studies within the same scar with larger sample size and longer follow‐up period are required. This evidence suggests that fractional CO2 laser treatment is effective for improving the clinical appearance of hypertrophic scars with a good safety profile.
RIR1 represses plant immunity by interacting with mitochondrial complex I subunit in rice

Abstract We previously observed decreased expression of rice OsmiR159a.1 on infection with the bacterial blight‐causing pathogen Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo), and identified the OsLRR_RLK (leucine‐rich repeat_ receptor like kinase) gene as an authentic target of OsmiR159a.1. Here, we found that a Tos17 insertion mutant of LRR_RLK displayed increasing temporal resistance to Xoo, whereas the LRR_RLK overexpression lines were susceptible to the pathogen early on in the infection, indicating that LRR_RLK encodes a repressor of rice resistance to Xoo infection, and it was renamed as RIR1 (Rice Immunity Repressor 1). RIR1 overexpression plants were more susceptible to Xoo at late growth stage, suggesting that RIR1 mRNA levels are negatively correlated with the resistance of rice against Xoo. We discovered that OsmiR159a.1 repression in Xoo‐infected plants was largely dependent on the pathogen's type III secretion system. Co‐immunoprecipitation, bimolecular fluoresence complementation, and pull‐down assays indicated that RIR1 interacted with the NADH‐ubiquinone oxidoreductase (NUO) 51‐kDa subunit of the mitochondrial complex I through its kinase domain. Notably, impairment of RIR1 or overexpression of NUO resulted in reactive oxygen species accumulation and enhanced expression of pathogen‐resistance genes, including jasmonic acid pathway genes. We propose that pathogens may inhibit OsmiR159 to interfere with the RIR1–NUO interaction, and subsequently depression of rice immune signalling pathways. The resistance genes manipulated by Xoo can be a probe to explore the regulatory network during host–pathogen interactions.