Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Does directly integrating health information exchange (HIE) data with the electronic health record increase HIE use by clinicians in the emergency department?

Objective: Develop and evaluate the effect of a Fast Healthcare Interoperability Resources (FHIR) app, Health Dart, integrating information from Indianas community health information exchange (HIE), the Indiana Network for Patient Care (INPC), directly with Cerner, an electronic health record (EHR) Materials and Methods: Health Dart was implemented in 14 Indiana University Health emergency departments (ED) using a stepped-wedge study design. We analyzed rates of INPC use in 286,175 ED encounters between October 1, 2019 and December 31, 2020. Logistic regression was used to model the probability of INPC use given the implementation context, such as user interface (UI) enhancements and the COVID-19 pandemic. Results: INPC use increased by 131% across all encounters (from 3.6% to 8.3%; p<0.001) after Health Dart implementation. INPC use increased by144% (from 3.6% to 8.8%; p<0.001) more than two months post-implementation. After UI enhancements, post-implementation INPC use increased 123% (from 3.5% to 7.8%) compared to 181% (from 3.6% to 10.1%; p<0.001) in post-implementation encounters that occurred before UI enhancements. During the pandemic, post-implementation INPC use increased by 135% (from 3.4% to 8.0%; p<0.001) compared to 178% (from 3.6% to 10%; p<0.001) in post-implementation encounters that occurred before the pandemic. Statistical significance was determined using 95% confidence intervals (=0.05). Discussion: Direct integration of HIE information into an EHR substantially increased frequency of HIE use, but the effect was weakened by the UI enhancements and pandemic. Conclusion: HIE information integrated into EHRs in the form of dashboards can potentially make information retrieval more efficient and effective for clinicians.
BASIS AND APPLICATION OF AN ESP COURSE FOR DENTAL STUDENTS

Many issues need to be considered when proposing a syllabus for a successful ESP course. The preset paper was meant to share the experience of developing an ESP course for first-year dental students. The authors expect it to be useful for students and novel teachers facing a similar task. A brief concise literature review is presented to later share the experience of English teachers at the Faculty of Dentistry in the University of Los Andes. Teaching ESP is not just a challenge for the teacher, but also a chance to learn about language teaching, the language itself and new academic and scientific communities. Keywords : ESP, course design, Dental students.
Predicate Formation in the XS-Model

: This article outlines a mechanism that explicates the introduction of theta-role interpretation in the exo-skeletal (XS)-Model proposed in Borer (2005a, b, 2013). It is argued that the real predicates in an event are the functional heads in the functional structure EP (Event Phrase) while the lexical predicate only provides the conceptual meaning to modify the functional structure. The functional head, being the real predicate in syntactic derivation, bears a variable that has to be bound. In the cases when this variable is not bound in an EP, the whole EP functions as a complex predicate to be saturated in the further derivation, a situation that occurs in the English tough-construction and middle construction. only meaning to modify/enrich abstract event information derived from syntax. This then offers another theoretical implication for the foundational issue in syntax: what motivates two elements to merge?
The Political Fallout of Air Pollution ∗

This paper studies the effect of air pollution on voting outcomes. We use data from 60 federal and state elections in Germany from 2000 to 2018 and exploit plausibly exogenous fluctuations in ambient air pollution within counties across election dates. Higher air pollution on election day shifts votes away from incumbent parties and towards opposition parties. An increase in the concentration of particulate matter (PM10) by 10 µ g / m 3 – around two within-county standard deviations – reduces the vote share of incumbent parties by two percentage points, which is equivalent to 4% of the mean vote share. We generalize these findings by documenting similar effects with data from a weekly opinion poll and a large-scale panel survey. We provide further evidence that emotions are a likely mechanism: the survey data show that poor air quality leads to greater anxiety and unhappiness, which may reduce the support for the political status quo. Overall, these results suggest that poor air quality affects decision-making in the population at-large, which has far-reaching knock-on effects on society. variable strategy. Balancing tests show that air pollution neither predicts changes in population nor local GDP nor local employment rates. To further rule out that our results are contaminated by omitted variables or time trends, we perform placebo tests based on pollution levels on days before and after the actual election. We find that the effects of air pollution are sizable and statistically significant on days before the election but are very small and mostly insignificant on days immediately following the election day. Significant effects several days before the election are plausible because people may make their voting decisions before the election. These results suggest that our identification strategy uncovers a real effect: they show that pollution only matters on days when it can affect decision-making but not on days when it cannot. Likewise, when we run permutation tests and assign each observation the pollution level from the same county on different election dates, we consistently obtain estimates close to zero and far away from our estimates based on the correct election dates. This suggests that our estimates pick up a real effect. In a further step, we perform an instrumental variable analysis that exploits daily variation in wind directions, following Deryugina et al. The idea behind this strategy is that wind directions have an effect on daily levels of air pollution, but they are independent of local political or economic factors that could determine voting. The instrumental variable estimates show more why avenue to understand effect changes on Our research identifies the effect of fluctuations people’s
CAMBRIDGE WORKING PAPERS IN ECONOMICS Joan Robinson in 1942, an encounter between Marxian Economics and Macroeconomics

This paper revisits why Joan Robinson turned to Karl Marx in 1942 and which insights from Marxian economics she sought to incorporate into her later works, while commenting on the legacies of this encounter and how was received by some her of contemporaries. By the end of the 1930s, Robinson wanted to bring academic and Marxian economics together in a search for a more realist theory of the rate of profit and income distribution, and clarifications on Keynes’s concept of full employment, the nature of technical progress and a long-period theory within the Keynesian framework. The result, An Essay on Marxian Economics (1942), was her most important work in terms of laying the foundations of her enduring challenge to the orthodox economics. Here she relied on Marxian insights to escape Marshallian orthodoxy. It is the story of how the originator of imperfect competition pushed further into a theory of exploitation. Abstract This paper revisits why Joan Robinson turned to Karl Marx in 1942 and which insights from Marxian economics she sought to incorporate into her later works, while commenting on the legacies of this encounter and how was received by some her of contemporaries. By the end of the 1930s, Robinson wanted to bring academic and Marxian economics together in a search for a more realist theory of the rate of profit and income distribution, and clarifications on Keynes’s concept of full employment, the nature of technical progress and a long-period theory within the Keynesian framework. The result, An Essay on Marxian Economics (1942), was her most important work in terms of laying the foundations of her enduring challenge to the orthodox economics. Here she relied on Marxian insights to escape Marshallian orthodoxy. It is the story of how the originator of imperfect competition pushed further into a theory of exploitation.
Thermal plumes above hot sources: characterization and capture efficiency

Many industrial processes use or generate thermal sources. The release of heat is generally accompanied by the dispersion of pollutants in the working area, which can lead to occupational diseases in the long-term. The characterisation of plumes stemming from thermal sources by natural convection is required to define the adequate dimensions for ventilation systems (fume collecting hoods and general displacement ventilation systems), used to clean air at work stations. The aim of this paper is to present the methods and techniques that can be used in ventilation engineering to analyse and manage industrial applications. The results presented concern the thermal and dynamic characterisation of plumes generated by different types of sources (horizontal disks, vertical cylinders, horizontal rectangular surfaces). New results concerning the efficiency of a fume extraction hood placed above a flat, rectangular thermal source was analysed as a function of the height and position of the hood in relation to the source and the extraction fan flow rate. These results are of practical interest. A numerical approach of temperatures in the proximal zone is also proposed.
3D LOGIC-MEMORY INTEGRATION FOR HIGH PERFORMANCE EMBEDDED SYSTEM AND RECONFIGURABLE COMPUTING

Three-dimensional (3D) integration has recently become a topic of great interest because of its many compelling advantages such as increased performance, reduced power, small form factor, ﬂexible heterogeneous integration, and reduced overall costs. We proposed two approaches to improvement the system performance by 3D Memory-Logic integration. The ﬁrst approach studies the potential of using emerging 3D integration to improve embedded VLIW computing system. We focus on the 3D integration of one VLIW processor die with multiple high-capacity DRAM dies. Our proposed memory architecture employs 3D stacking technology to bond one die containing several processing clusters to multiple DRAM dies for a primary memory. The 3D technology also enables wide low-latency buses between clusters and memory and enable the latency of 3D DRAM L2 cache comparable to 2D SRAM L2 cache. These enable it to replace the 2D SRAM L2 cache with 3D DRAM L2 cache. The die area for 2D SRAM L2 cache can be re-allocated to additional clusters that can improve the performance of the system. From the simulation results, we ﬁnd 3D stacking DRAM main memory can improve the system performance by 10% ∼ 80% than 2D oﬀ-chip DRAM main memory depending on diﬀerent benchmarks. Also, for a similar logic die area, a four clusters system with 3D DRAM L2 cache and 3D DRAM main memory outperforms a two clusters system with 2D SRAM L2 cache and 3D DRAM main memory by about 10%. The second approach is the emerging three-dimensional (3D) integration technologies can naturally meet this demand by enabling 3D FPGA-memory integration. The DRAM refresh cost analysis. Using 45nm FPGA design as a test vehicle and VPR tool set, we show that such DRAM-based FPGAs can largely reduce the FPGA footprint, which can further translate into signiﬁcant speed and energy eﬃciency improvement, compared to SRAM-based FPGAs.
The polarisation of auroral emissions: A tracer of the E region ionospheric currents

It is now established that auroral emissions as measured from ground are polarised. The question of the information given by this polarisation is still to be explored. In this article, we show the results of a coordinated campaign between an optical polarimeter and several ground based instruments, including magnetometers, the EISCAT VHF radar and complementary luminance meters in the visible domain (Ninox). We show that in the E region, the polarisation is a good indicator of the ionospheric currents, velocity and dynamics.
RINGS WITH THE SYMMETRIC PROPERTY FOR IDEMPOTENT-PRODUCTS

Let R be a ring with the unity 1, and let e be an idempotent of R . In this paper, we discuss some symmetric property for the set { ( a 1 ,a 2 ,.,a n ) ∈ R n : a 1 a 2 ··· a n = e } . We here investigate some properties of those rings with such a symmetric property for an arbitrary idempotent e ; some of our results turn out to generalize some known results observed already when n = 2 and e = 0 , 1 by several authors. We also focus especially on the case when n = 3 and e = 1. As consequences of our observation, we also give some equivalent conditions to the commutativity for some classes of rings, in terms of the symmetric property.
Optimisation of the ambiguity function of short-dwell arbitrary pulsed waveforms

A method based on optimising the ambiguity diagram is described for the design of very short pulsed radar waveforms that still allow both target range and velocity to be measured. The coherent processing interval of the waveform is comprised of a sequence of modulated pulses whose inter-pulse timings and transmission frequencies are chosen independently for optimal performance. When optimised, the waveform structure allows measurement of both target range and velocity whilst maintaining good target visibility at all ranges/velocities. The optimisation process has been conducted using an evolutionary algorithm. The waveforms derived here demonstrate an interesting alternative to conventional low, medium or high pulse repetition frequency processing for situations such as in electronically scanned array antennas where short dwell times are often necessary. (6 pages)
Development of A Fast Converging Hybrid Method for Analyzing Three-Dimensional Doubly Periodic Structures

In this dissertation, we present an efficient hybrid method based on finite element (FE) and rigorous coupled wave analysis (RCWA) to model scattering from 3-D doubly periodic dielectric structures, which has been extensively studied over decades due to its wide applications. Double periodicity RCWA method, which reduces the diffraction problem to an eigenvalue problem, is mostly used for analyzing simple periodic structures. For arbitrary shape, it suffers from slow convergence and soon becomes impractical as its computational cost grows as M, where M is related to the Fourier harmonics included in analysis. The 3-D finite element method (FEM) is inherently suitable for modeling arbitrary shape, however, at the cost of increased number of unknowns. Fortunately, the proposed FE/RCWA method is a balanced approach, which provides better flexibility for modeling arbitrary structures over the double periodicity RCWA method, and significantly reduces the number of unknowns compared to 3-D FEM. To further reduce the size of the problem, the mode matching method (MMM) is chosen as boundary truncation scheme among other choices such as perfectly matched layer (PML), absorbing boundary condition (ABC) and boundary integral method (BIE). MMM not only allows the truncation boundaries to be placed very close to the periodic structures, but most importantly, has the property to match evanescent diffraction orders. For comparison, the employment of PML, as
How can strategy reformulation and CSR initiatives converge? The case of BOP

: Firms are facing strong pressure to align their strategies with global societal challenges (climate change, natural resource use, food, poverty, etc.) as a way to demonstrate their corporate social responsibility (CSR). CSR initiatives typically would be initiated at a small scale and then be expected to induce a change in mindset within business-as-usual activities. However, this so-called shared value approach has frequently encountered multiple barriers. This paper investigates a case in which, on paper, the green lights were everywhere: the company’s Access to Energy program combines CSR characteristics relevant to both climate change and bottom-of-the-pyramid (BOP) issues that are well in line with the core strategy of the firm. Yet after more than 10 years of existence, the program remains in a stalemate status. The responsibilities for access-to-energy activities are torn between having protected status within the Sustainable Development department and having to meet unachievable profit objectives set by Operations divisions. We identify three barriers: the firm’s complex organizational matrix, which complicated the internal diffusion of the program; the lack of incentives at all levels of organization to promote effective program evolution; and the difficulty in demonstrating a clear profitability case for the program. Lessons are drawn from this case on how to release these organizational brakes. The results provide new and interesting insights to explain the limited success of CSR activities as business opportunities. While most previous analysis focused on external barriers, only scarce literature exists on organizational barriers, even though the latter appear to be insidious.
Are Chemists Good Bankers? Returns to the Match between Training and Occupation

This paper analyzes the returns to training-occupation combinations. I use administrative panel data on apprenticeships and employment for German workers, and identify the returns using data on occupation-speciﬁc vacancies. For the estimation, I set up a Roy model and extend existing control function approaches to deal with selection in a two-stage, high-dimensional setting. I ﬁnd sizable returns to training in one’s occupation, and substantial bias when not controlling for selection. Returns are decreasing in the task distance between training and occupation. I argue that imperfect information leads to ex-post suboptimal training choices, and that retraining could address this ex-ante friction.
Hardness of Entropic Module-LWE

The Learning with Errors (LWE) problem is a versatile basis for building various purpose post-quantum schemes. Goldwasser et al. [ISC 2010] initialized the study of a variant of this problem called the Entropic LWE problem, where the LWE secret is generated from a distribution with a certain min-entropy. Brakerski and D¨ottling recently further extended the study in this ﬁeld, and ﬁrst proved the hardness of the Entropic LWE problem with unbounded secret [Eurocrypt 2020], then gave a similar result for the Entropic Ring-LWE problem [TCC 2020]. In this work, we systematically study the hardness of the Entropic Module-LWE problem. Adapting the “lossiness approach” to the module setting, we give lower entropy bounds for the secret distribution that guarantee the hardness of the Entropic Module-LWE problem in both search and decision cases, where results are divided into two settings: bounded and unbounded norm. We also present that our search entropy lower bound in the unbounded case is essentially tight. An application of our bounded result is to deduce the hardness for the Binary Module-LWE problem. One of our central techniques is a new generalized leftover hash lemma over rings, which might be of independent interest.
A 148-year precipitation oxygen isoscape for China generated based on data fusion and bias correction of iGCMs simulations

The precipitation oxygen isotopic composition is a useful environmental tracer for climatic and hydrological studies. However, the observed precipitation oxygen is limited at both temporal and spatial scales. Isotope-equipped general circulation models (iGCMs) can compensate for the temporal and spatial discontinuity of observation networks, but they suffer from coarse spatial resolutions and systematic biases. The objective of this study is to build a high-resolution 15 precipitation oxygen isoscape in China for a period of 148 years by integrating observed and iGCMs-simulated precipitation oxygen isotope composition ( δ 18 O p ) using data fusion and bias correction methods. The temporal and spatial resolutions are month and 50-60 km for the isoscape, respectively. Prior to building the oxygen isoscape, the performance of two bias correction methods (BCMs) and three data fusion methods (DFMs) is compared after post-processing of eight iGCM simulations. Results show that the outputs of the Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) fusion method exhibit the strongest 20 correlation with observations with correlation coefficient mostly larger than 0.8, and the smallest bias with root mean square error mostly smaller than 2‰. The other two DFMs also perform slightly better than the two BCMs, which show similar performance. Thus, precipitation oxygen isoscape is generated by using the CNN fusion method for the 1969-2007 period in which all iGCMs have output and by using the bias correction methods for the remaining years. Based on the precipitation oxygen isoscape, the spatiotemporal patterns of δ 18 O p across China are investigated. The generated isoscape shows similar 25 spatial and temporal distribution characteristics to observations. In general, the distribution pattern of δ 18 O p is consistent with the temperature effect in northern China, and with the precipitation amount effect in southern China, and be more specific in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau of China. The δ 18 O p time series mirrors a fluctuating upward trend of the temperature or precipitation in most regions of China. The temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of the generated isoscape are consistent with the characteristics of atmospheric circulation and climate change, indicating successful assimilation and 30 extension of the observed precipitation oxygen isotopes in time and space. Overall, the built isoscape is reliable and useful for providing strong support for tracking atmospheric and hydrological processes. The dataset is available in Zenodo at
THE HIDDEN COSTS OF PRETRIAL DETENTION REVISITED

between pretrial detention, and the length of pretrial detention, and new arrest during the pretrial phase, 3) to investigate the relationship between pretrial detention and sentencing outcomes, and 4) to determine the extent to which these findings are “general” across sociodemographic categories of people and across different time periods.
Phosphoinositide 3-kinase couples NMDA receptors to superoxide release in excitotoxic neuronal death

Sustained activation of neuronal N -methly D -aspartate (NMDA)-type glutamate receptors leads to excitotoxic cell death in stroke, trauma, and neurodegenerative disorders. Excitotoxic neuronal death results in part from superoxide produced by neuronal NADPH oxidase (NOX2), but how NMDA receptors are coupled to neuronal NOX2 activation is not well understood. Here, we identify a signaling pathway coupling NMDA receptor activation to NOX2 activation in primary neuron cultures. Calcium inﬂux through the NR2B subunit of NMDA receptors leads to the activation of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K). Formation of phosphatidylinositol (3,4,5)-triphosphate (PI(3,4,5)P3) by PI3K activates the atypical protein kinase C, PKC zeta (PKC f ), which in turn phosphorylates the p47 phox organizing subunit of neuronal NOX2. Calcium inﬂux through NR2B-containing NMDA receptors triggered mitochondrial depolarization, NOX2 activation, superoxide formation, and cell death. However, equivalent magnitude calcium elevations induced by ionomycin did not induce NOX2 activation or neuronal death, despite causing mitochondrial depolarization. The PI3K inhibitor wortmannin prevented NMDA-induced NOX2 activation and cell death, without preventing cell swelling, calcium elevation, or mitochondrial depolarization. The effects of wortmannin were circumvented by exogenous supply of the PI3K product, PI(3,4,5)P3, and by transfection with protein kinase M, a constitutively active form of PKC f . These ﬁndings demonstrate that superoxide formation and excitotoxic neuronal death can be dissociated from mitochondrial depolarization, and identify a novel role for PI3K in this cell death pathway. Perturbations in this pathway may either increase or decrease superoxide production in response to NMDA receptor activation, and may thereby impact neurological disorders, in which excitotoxicity is a contributing factor.