Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
QUALITY LOSS of DOUBLE CONCENTRATED TOMATO PASTE: EVOLUTION of the MICROBIAL FLORA and MAIN ANALYTICAL PARAMETERS DURING STORAGE AT DIFFERENT TEMPERATURES

This study deals with nonsterile canning of double concentrate tomatoes (approximately 30 degrees Brix) stored for 210 days at three different temperatures (4, 10 and 25C) in 200 kg drums. The evolving analytical composition (soluble solids, total solids, glucose, fructose, pH, total acidity, volatile acidity, citric acid, malic acid, succinic acid, hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) and color parameters) that the product underwent during storage was dependent both on storage temperature and on different aerobic levels within the drum (top and bottom sections). The microbial profile (yeast, lactic acid bacilli and molds) was correlated with many important metabolites (D- and L-lactic acids, ethanol, acetic acid and diacetyl). The results indicate that the increase of these substances is dependent both on storage temperature as well as the oxygen tension within the drums. Taken all together, the analytical findings offer a great help in evaluating the quality of semifinished tomatoes. We also found that lactic bacteria grow rapidly at 25C and after 15 days their number from both sampling areas in the drums (i.e., 10 cm below the sample surface and 15 cm above the bottom of each drum) is already greater than 10(5) cfu/ml. At 10C, 30 days were needed to reach such a cell concentration, and after 45 days the level reaches 10(7)-10(8) cfu/ml. By contrast, at 4C there were differences between top and bottom sampling areas. In the top area, 10(5) cfu/ml was reached after 60 days, while for the bottom area this was reached after 120 days. Regarding yeast at 25C, the cfu/ml values were 10(5)-10(6) in both areas of the drum after the 60th storage day. At 10C the behavior was the same: about 10(5) cfu/ml had been found after 30 days. Finally at 4C the yeast reach 10(5) cfu/ml after 45 days in both sampling areas. Regarding mold, no growth in the sampling areas was seen.
The Influence of Initial Size on the Competitive Responses of Six Plant Species

Plant size may be an important determinant of competitive ability and may affect comparisons of competitive response among species. We examined the influence of initial size on plant competitive response in a field experiment using transplant in three classes of initial mass (class means: 27, 46, and 73 mg) for each of six species (Agropyron cristatum, Bouteloua gracilis, Elaeagnus commutata, Fraxinus pennsylvanica, Melilotus officinalis, and Potentilla pensylvanica.) Transplant were grown for one summer in an old field dominated by the perennial grass Bromus inermis. The transplants were grown with no neighbors present, with shoots of neighbors present, with roots of neighbors present, or with both shoots and roots of neighbors present. The existing Bromus served as neighbors. There were 10 replicates of each factor combination. Final transplant mass varied significantly with competition, species identity, and initial size. The mass of transplant grown with only neighbor roots was not significantly different from the mass of transplants grown with both roots and shoots of neighbors, suggesting that competition in the field was primarily belowground. A significant interaction between species identity and competition indicated that species differed in the extent to which they were suppressed by neighbors. There was no significant interaction between size and competition, however, suggesting that initial size had no influence on competitive response. Further, regressions of final transplant mass against neighbor mass provided no evidence that initially smaller transplants were weaker competitors. Our results suggest that the competitive responses of the six species during the first summer of growth were not influenced by their initial size under conditions of intense belowground competition.
GeneticStructureofSympatric Sexually and Parthenogenetically Reproducing Population of Characanescens (Charophyta)

Individuals that reproduce parthenogenetically do not have to produce males and can therefore produce twice as many female offspring. With this twofold reproduction advantage of asexual reproduction, the question of how sex persists in the short term remains unresolved. In the dioecious charophyte Chara canescens, both parthenogenetically reproducing females and sexually reproducing females and males occur sympatrically at only one site in Europe: Neusiedler See-Seewinkel (Austria). By means of four nuclear species-specific microsatellite loci, we examined the interaction between coexisting sexuals and parthenogens by analysing the population structure and gene flow between both reproduction systems. Using a Bayesian assignment method, we found that the sites encompassed two genetically distinct clusters of individuals. The first cluster included genotypes of sexual individuals, which are genetically distinct from a second cluster which included parthenogenetic individuals and few sexually reproducing males, which are genetically identical to the parthenogenetic individuals. However, an analysis of the population genetic structure found no differences with respect to genotypic variation, clonal diversity, and population differentiation between the sympatric parthenogenetically and the sexually reproducing populations. The results indicated that the parthenogenetic individuals cannot outcompete the sexually reproducing individuals.
Partisan search behavior and Google results in the 2018 U.S. midterm elections

ABSTRACT This research shows that members of different ideological groups in the United States can use different search terms when looking for information about political candidates, but that difference is not enough to yield divergent search results on Google. Search engines are central in information seeking during elections, and have important implications for the distribution of information and, by extension, for democratic society. Using a method involving surveys, qualitative coding, and quantitative analysis of search terms and search results, we show that the sources of information that are returned by Google for both liberal and conservative search terms are strongly correlated. We collected search terms from people with different ideological positions about Senate candidates in the 2018 midterm election from the two main parties in the U.S., in three large and politically distinct states: California, Ohio, and Texas. We then used those search terms to scrape web results and analyze them. Our analysis shows that, in terms of the differences arising from individual search term choices, Google results exhibit a mainstreaming effect that partially neutralizes differentiation of search behaviors, by providing a set of common results, even to dissimilar searches. Based on this analysis, this article offers two main contributions: first, in the development of a method for determining group-level differences based on search input bias; and second, in demonstrating how search engines respond to diverse information seeking behavior and whether that may have implications for public discourse.
A new interpretation of the enigmatic fossil arthropod Anhelkocephalon handlirschi Bill, 1914 – important insights in the morphology of Cyclida

Abstract Anhelkocephalon handlirschi Bill, 1914 has been described as a representative of Isopoda (woodlice and relatives). Fossils of A. handlirschi come from the Grès à Voltzia Formation in western France, close to the German border. The Grès à Voltzia Formation (Voltziensandstein) is Triassic in age; lithostratigraphically, it belongs to the Buntsandstein Group. Based on the morphology of the type material and one additional specimen, we interpret A. handlirschi not as a representative of Isopoda, but as a representative of Cyclida. Cyclida is an extinct group of Euarthropoda, the representatives of which have a circular to oval outline of the body (in dorsal view). One of the herein studied specimens has aspects of appendage morphology preserved, which, in general, is a rare case for cyclidans. The herein studied specimens also add new features to the knowledge about the morphology of Cyclida, such as a net-like pattern on the dorsal body side.
The Qualitative Characteristics of Accounting Information, Earnings Quality, and Islamic Banking Performance: Evidence from the Gulf Banking Sector

The study aims to operationalize financial reporting quality in terms of the qualitative characteristics (QCs) as stated by the Accounting and Auditing Organization of Islamic Financial Institutions (AAOIFI) standards, as well as to investigate their association with earnings quality (EQ) and banking performance. The study uses secondary data extracted from DataStream to operationalize and measure the financial reporting quality in the annual reports of 25 out of the 27 Islamic banks in the Gulf Council Countries (GCC) for a 5-year period (2014–2018), meaning 125 annual reports were used. The study applies a manual content analysis to the annual reports to score all the items of QCs and operationalizes 25 measurement items that represent the six QCs. All items use 5-point Likert-type scales to compute the sub-score and the overall index through the Neural Network System. The findings of the model paths show a significant positive relationship between EQ and most of the QCs. The first hypothesis is partially accepted as there is a positive relationship between EQ and relevancy, reliability, prudence and general quality; however, there is no significant relationship between EQ and understandability and there is a significant negative relationship between EQ and comparability. Moreover, the study finds a significant positive relationship between EQ and ROA on one hand and EQ and ROE on the other hand (p-value = 0.00), meaning the second hypothesis is supported.
Lethal and sublethal effects of cypermethrin and methoxyfenozide on the larvae of Rachiplusia nu (Guenee) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

Rachiplusia nu is a defoliator lepidopteran species considered a potential pest in soybean and other crops. Cypermethrin is the main insecticide used in Argentina. Worldwide trends in pest control promote the use of insecticides with high specificity like methoxyfenozide; however, their usage in South America is still incipient. The effectiveness of cypermethrin and methoxyfenozide was studied on fifth larval instar of R. nu under chronic exposure in laboratory conditions. Four dilutions (between 10% and 80%) of the maximum field recommended concentration for each insecticide were assessed. Methoxyfenozide caused 100% larval mortality in all tested concentrations, while at tested cypermethrin concentrations, larval mortalities were between 75% and 98%. Cypermethrin treatments showed higher mean survival time values than methoxyfenozide. Both insecticides inhibited larval growth according to weight loss assessment. Cypermethrin also inhibited diet consumption during the first 24-h exposure.
Micorrização e indução de quitinases e β-1,3-glucanases e resistência à fusariose em porta-enxerto de videira

The objective of this work was to evaluate the expression levels of β-1,3-glucanases and chitinases in SO4 and 110 grapevine rootstocks, respectively susceptible and resistant to Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. herbemontis, as well as to evaluate the effect of the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Glomus intraradices on plant growth, on enzyme expression and on pathogen suppression in the susceptible rootstock. The enzyme activities of β-1,3-glucanases and chitinases in the rootstocks roots were evaluated. Plant growth, enzyme activity, and disease symptoms were evaluated in SO4 plantlets inoculated with G. intraradices and F. oxysporum. Enzyme activities in the plant roots increased in the resistant rootstock, between 0 and 5 days after pathogen inoculation. In the susceptible rootstock, chitinase activity enhanced after the mycorrhizal fungus and the pathogen inoculations.  β-1,3-glucanase activity increased only in the presence of both the mycorrhizal and the pathogenic fungi. G. intraradices-inoculated SO4 grapevine plantlets showed decreased symptoms of Fusarium infection, which indicates that the mycorrhizal fungus promotes chitinase and β-1,3-glucanase activities leading to pathogen suppression or inhibition.
Cryptic Speciation of the Oriental Greenfinch Chloris sinica on Oceanic Islands

The Oriental greenfinch, Chloris sinica, is a small seed-eating finch that breeds in the eastern Palearctic region, an area that spans from Russia in the east to China, Korea, and Japan in the south and southwest. Several subspecies have been described based on subtle morphological characteristics, although the taxonomy varies among different authors. Although many ecological studies have been performed, there has been no phylogenetic study that encompasses the species' entire geographical range. We used four regions of mitochondrial DNA to analyze the intraspecies genetic phylogeny and diversity of the Oriental greenfinch. In addition, we performed morphometric analyses using museum specimens. Genetic analysis identified two clades that diverged approximately 1.06 million years ago. These were a population from the Ogasawara Islands, Japan (subspecies kittlitzi, Clade B), and the other populations (Clade A, which could not be subdivided according to geographic context). Morphometric analyses showed that the population on the Kuril Islands (subspecies kawarahiba) had the longest mean wing length, whereas C. s. kittlitzi had the shortest wings. Chloris s. kittlitzi also had the longest mean bill length, probably because it has adapted to feeding on the Ogasawara Islands. Based on molecular phylogeny and morphology analyses, we recommend that C. s. kittlitzi should be treated as a completely distinct species, called the Ogasawara greenfinch, Chloris kittlitzi. It is critically endangered and needs to be specially protected.
Identification and expression pattern analysis of YUCCA and ARF gene families during somatic embryogenesis of Lilium spp.

Auxin is a key phytohormone in plant somatic embryogenesis (SE) and YUCCA and AUXIN RESPONSE FACTORS (ARFs) are two key genes involved in auxin biosynthesis and auxin signaling pathways, respectively. They have been reported in participating to the catalytic production of endogenous indole-3-acetic acid (IAA; a natural auxin) and regulating the transcription of auxin-responsive genes. To explore the structural characteristics of the YUCCA and ARF families of Lilium spp. L. and its expression pattern during SE induction and development processes, 6 YUCCA genes and 12 ARF genes were screened from the transcriptome database, and their nucleotides and encoded proteins were analyzed. At the same time, the expression patterns of YUCCA and ARF genes were analyzed by reverse transcription quantitative PCR, and endogenous IAA content was measured. Results show that the members of Lilium indole-3-pyruvate monooxygenase YUCCA (LiYUCs) are structurally conserved among Lilium spp. , Oryza sativa, and Arabidopsis thaliana. The LiARFs are classified into six groups, most LiARFs have a closer affinity to the monocotyledon Oryza sativa. All the 12 LiARFs are involved in the SE induction and development, but their expression patterns differed. The LiYUC2/4 and LiARF5/7/21 had expression profiles corresponding with IAA content during the SE induction periods. The LiYUC4/10 and LiARF7/17/18/20/21/22 showed a similar downward trend with IAA content during the progress of the SE development. The results provide a basis for further research on the functions of YUCCA and ARF genes during somatic embryogenesis of Lilium spp.
Further Stability and Stabilization Condition for Sampled-Data Control Systems via Looped-Functional Method

This brief contributes the further results on stability and stabilization conditions for sampled-data-based control systems (SDCSs), which include linear SDCSs and nonlinear SDCSs via looped-Lyapunov functional approach. The improved Lyapunov functional involves the states information such as <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$x(t_{k})$ </tex-math></inline-formula> and <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$x(t_{k+1})$ </tex-math></inline-formula> with few slack variables and a tuning parameter. The sufficient conditions are derived for both linear SDCSs and nonlinear SDCSs, whereas Takagi-Sugeno (T-S) approach is employed to express the nonlinear SDCS into T-S fuzzy-based model through fuzzy IF-THEN membership rules. With the derived conditions, the stability region of the proposed SDCSs can be enhanced and their asymptotic stability will be ensured. Finally, the numerical analysis is performed with the existing models and their corresponding performances are provided to validate the less conservatism and superiority of the derived results over the existing ones.
Hysteroscopy in one hundred cases of postmenopausal uterine bleeding, in the detection of uterine cancer and atypical endometrial hyperplasia

Background: Evaluation was done in 100 women presenting with postmenopausal bleeding, (PMB), to discuss the utility of hysteroscopy combined guided endometrial curettage in the diagnosis of uterine cancer and endometrial hyperplasia, and, treat benign lesions, like polyps, synechiae at the same sitting. At MGMH during the years, 2002 to 2006, there were 57 women, and at care, 40 women with PMB during 2011 to 2013, and three in a nursing home, Hyderabad, were investigated.Methods: Evaluation was done in 100 women presenting with PMB by hysteroscopy and curettage to diagnose the cause of PMB and benign lesions like polyps, synechiae were managed by operative hysteroscopy. Bettocchi 5 mm hysteroscope, monopolar instruments and glycine was used for excision of polyps.Results: In one hundred women with PMB, 19% had cancer. Endometrial adenocarcinoma in 14, endocervical carcinoma in 2, uterine carcinosarcoma in 3 cases. All 3 cases of uterine carcinosarcoma on hysteroscopy were large polyps measuring 5×5-6 cm size. Atypical hyperplasia endometrium in 7% and simple hyperplasia in 17%, was reported on histopathology, in cases with hyperplastic endometrium on hysteroscopy. Benign polyps in 41% were managed at the same sitting by operative hysteroscopy.Conclusions: Women with postmenopausal bleeding must have USG, trans vaginal sonography (TVS), endometrial thickness (ET) measurement, preferably endometrial echo complex (EEC). In women with PMB, the risk of uterine cancer would be 19%, i.e., 1 out of 5 women. Atypical hyperplasia in 7%. Hysteroscopy guided curettage, with histopathology, is the gold standard protocol in cases of PMB.
Contributions to a chromosome atlas of the New Zealand flora – 40. Miscellaneous counts for 36 families

Abstract Chromosome numbers are reported for 112 endemic or indigenous vascular plants from New Zealand. Ninety one of these are new and the remainder provide confirmation of previous counts. Many of the counts fill gaps in the available record of chromosome numbers of New Zealand plants and a summary table provides a list of the genera where numbers remain to be determined. With the publication of these numbers, c. 85% of the indigenous vascular flora of New Zealand now has a documented chromosome number.
Ups and downs on the roller coaster of task conflict: the role of group cognitive complexity, collective emotional intelligence and team creativity

This study explores the association between task conflict and team creativity and the role of group cognitive complexity (GCC) as a potential explanatory mechanism in a sample of 159 students organized in 49 groups. Moreover, we analyzed the moderating effect of collective emotional intelligence (CEI)in the relationship between task conflict and GCC.As hypothesized, we found that task conflict has a nonlinear relationship with GCC, but contrary to our expectations, it follows a U-shaped association, not an inversed U-shape. In addition,the moderating role of CEI was significant only at low levels. Contrary to our expectation, the mediating role of GCC did not receive empirical support. Theoretical and practical contributions are discussed.
Survival rate and oxygen consumption patterns with respect to salinity changes in juvenile abalone Haliotis discus hannai

The effects of salinity tolerance on survival and oxygen consumption were examined in the abalone Haliotis discus hannai with changes in water temperature and salinity in an indoor rearing system. The survival rate of the control group at 15°C was 100% (Expt. I, 35 psu). In Expt. II, changing the salinity from 35→30→25→20→15 psu, the survival rates were 100 ± 0.0, 100 ± 0.0, 100 ± 0.0, 98.3 ± 2.9, and 95.0 ± 0.0%, respectively. In Expt. III, for salinities of 35→25→15 psu, the rates were 100 ± 0.0, 100 ± 0.0, and 32.5 ± 2.0%, respectively. In Expt. IV, with a sharp salinity change from 35→15 psu, the rates were 100 ± 0.0 and 20.0 ± 2.9%, respectively. The average oxygen consumption at 15°C was 137.6 ± 0.5 mg O2/kg/h in Expt. I. In Expt. II, the oxygen consumption decreased gradually from 136.7 ± 2.0 to 103.2 ± 3.5 to 96.9 ± 3.2 to 88.7 ± 4.5 to 82.9 ± 3.6 mg O2/kg/h, respectively. Abalone in Expt. III showed the same tendency (i.e., 134.4 ± 1.5, 111.2 ± 3.4, and 93.2 ± 6.1 mg O2/kg/h, respectively). In Expt. IV, the oxygen consumption decreased from 141.4 ± 4.0 mg O2/kg/h at 35 psu to 99.0 ± 7.7 mg O2/kg/h at 15 psu. The tendency was the same in the experiments conducted at 20 and 25°C. Survival was reduced at salinities below 20 psu, and the mortality rate of abalone increased with a sudden salinity change and at high water temperatures.
Patient safety culture in Jordanian primary health-care centres as perceived by nurses: a cross-sectional study.

Background Patient safety is a major concern, both in hospitals and primary care settings. The Jordan Medical Association has recommended that all health-care centres should try to improve patient safety through improving organizational culture, as it is in hospitals. In Jordan, a survey of patient safety culture has not yet been fully implemented in primary health-care centres. Aims To determine attitudes of nurses regarding patient safety culture in primary health-care centres in Jordan. Methods A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted in 2017. Data were collected from 644 nurses working in all 91 accredited primary health-care centres in Jordan, based on the Safety Attitudes Questionnaire short form 36-item version. Results The average positive response rate to the 6 domains of safety culture ranged from 58.54% to 75.63%. The highest average positive response rate was for job satisfaction and the lowest was for perceptions of management. Conclusions The areas that need improvement from nurses' perception are: teamwork climate, safety climate, stress recognition, and perception of management. Jordanian primary health-care nurses perceive their health centres as places that need more effort to improve safety culture.