Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Trees for Saltland: A Guide to Selecting Native Species for Australia

This book aims to assist in the management of soil salinity by describing a range of species tolerant of saline soils. 60 species are listed with descriptions containing botanical features, growth characteristics, preferred soils, climates and more. The introductory sections of this book provide general information on issues such as how trees deal with saline soil, their susceptibility to insect pests, where to plant trees and how best to establish them. The main section provides detailed descriptions of 30 species for use on salt-affected land.
Measuring urban rainfall using microwave links from commercial cellular communication networks

The estimation of rainfall using commercial microwave links is a new and promising measurement technique. Commercial link networks cover large parts of the land surface of the earth and have a high density, particularly in urban areas. Rainfall attenuates the electromagnetic signals transmitted between antennas within this network. This attenuation can be calculated from the difference between the received powers with and without rain and is a measure of the path‐averaged rainfall intensity. This study uses a 17‐day data set of, on average, 57 single‐frequency links from 2009 to estimate rainfall in the Rotterdam region, a densely populated delta city in Netherlands (≈1250 km2, >1 million inhabitants). A methodology is proposed where nearby links are used to remove signal fluctuations that are not related to rainfall in order to be able to reliably identify wet and dry weather spells. Subsequently, received signal powers are converted to path‐averaged rainfall intensities, taking into account the temporal sampling protocol and attenuation due to wet antennas. Link‐based rainfall depths are compared with those based on gauge‐adjusted radar data. In addition, the rainfall retrieval algorithm is applied to an independent data set of 21 rainy days in 2010 with on average 16 single‐frequency links in the same region. Rainfall retrievals are compared against gauge‐adjusted radar rainfall estimates over the link path. Moreover, the retrieval algorithm is also tested using high‐resolution research link data to investigate the algorithm's sensitivity to temporal rainfall variations. All presented comparisons confirm the quality of commercial microwave link data for quantitative precipitation estimation over urban areas.
Importance of shapes and compositions of wind‐blown dust particles for remote sensing at solar wavelengths

The quality of satellite aerosol retrievals depends critically upon the modeling accuracy of the aerosol optical properties. The optical properties of mineral aerosols depend on particle morphology, mineralogy, and state of mixing. Here we investigate how the realistic morphology and composition of dust particles affect the optical properties of dust mixtures by utilizing microscopy data that recently become available of dust samples collected in the atmosphere. The data were used to reconstruct the representative composition‐shape‐size (CSS) distributions and then the discrete dipole approximation technique was applied to calculate the optical properties. We demonstrate that the presence of sharp‐edge, angular‐type particles results in various differences in the scattering phase function, asymmetry parameter, optical depth and single scattering albedo compared to those of the volume‐equivalent spheres or ellipses. These differences are sufficiently large as to affect the retrievals of aerosol optical properties from satellite and ground‐based remote sensing observations at the solar wavelengths.
Preconception counseling in women with diabetes – a population-based study in the North of England Running head : Preconception counseling in women with diabetes

This is an uncopyedited electronic version of an article accepted for publication in Diabetes Care. The American Diabetes Association, publisher of Diabetes Care, is not responsible for any errors or omissions in this version of the manuscript or any version derived from it by third parties. The definitive publisherauthenticated version will be available in a future issue of Diabetes Care in print and online at http://care.diabetesjournals. org. Diabetes Care Publish Ahead of Print, published online December 29, 2009
Shallow water macrobenthos along the central west coast of India

Quantitative distribution of macrobenthos in five shallow bays of the central west coast of India was studied. The substrata in different bays largely consisted of sand and sand-mud. The fauna had a mean population density of 1279-5518/m2. It was rich below the low water mark up to 10 m, but progressively decreased with depth. A wide range of values of population density and biomass encountered suggested uneven distribution on similar deposits
Demographic Patterns and Productivity of Post-fire Regeneration in Portuguese Mediterranean Maquis*

After a wildfire in September, 1991, post-fire regeneration of Serra da Arrabida maquis was studied and compared to an adjacent 30-yr-old unburned site. Two years after fire, cover and aboveground biomass was half of the amount found in unburned stands. This rapid recovery was mainly due to resprouting species: Q. coccifera was dominant during all stages of regeneration. Herbaceous species were abundant during the first two years after fire but became scarce in the older communities. Obligate seeders showed different patterns of recovery: Cistus species established many seedlings immediately after fire, but were less abundant in older stands; Rosmarinus officinalis attained high dominance in unburned sites but seedling recruitment was delayed, yet continuous during post-fire succession. This difference between two genera with the same obligate seeding strategy suggests that life history responses to environmental factors may affect or shape species distribution during post-fire regeneration.
High‐resolution habitat suitability modelling can improve conservation of vulnerable marine ecosystems in the deep sea

The distribution of vulnerable marine ecosystems in the deep sea is poorly understood. This has led to the emergence of modelling methods to predict the occurrence of suitable habitat for conservation planning in data‐sparse areas. Recent global analyses for cold‐water corals predict a high probability of occurrence along the slopes of continental margins, offshore banks and seamounts in the north‐eastern Atlantic, but tend to overestimate the extent of the habitat and do not provide the detail needed for finer‐scale assessments and protected area planning. Using Lophelia pertusa reefs as an example, this study integrates multibeam bathymetry with a wide range of environmental data to produce a regional high‐resolution habitat suitability map relevant for marine spatial planning.
University of Birmingham Genotypic diversity is associated with clinical outcome and phenotype in Cryptococcal meningitis across Southern Africa

Cryptococcal meningitis is a major cause of mortality throughout the developing world, yet little is known about the genetic markers underlying Cryptococcal virulence and patient outcome. We studied a cohort of 230 Cryptococcus neoformans ( Cn ) isolates from HIV-positive South African clinical trial patients with detailed clinical follow-up using multi-locus sequence typing and in vitro phenotypic
Thermal Modeling of a Greenhouse Fish Pond System

A thermal model has been developed for heating the aquaculture pond by even span greenhouse. Numerical computations have been performed for a typical day in the month of January, 2005 for the composite climate of New Delhi. The energy balance equations have been written considering the effects of conduction, convection, radiation, evaporation and ventilation, etc. The model has been validated with the experimental data. From the results, it was observed that the predicted values of room temperature and water temperature in the tanks of the greenhouse obtained from the proposed model exhibited fair agreement with the experimental values.
Pronation Reveals a Heterogeneous Response of Global and Regional Respiratory Mechanics in Patients With Acute Hypoxemic Respiratory Failure

OBJECTIVES: Experimental models suggest that prone position and positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) homogenize ventral–dorsal ventilation distribution and regional respiratory compliance. However, this response still needs confirmation on humans. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the changes in global and regional respiratory mechanics in supine and prone positions over a range of PEEP levels in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) patients. DESIGN: A prospective cohort study. PATIENTS: Twenty-two intubated patients with ARDS caused by COVID-19 pneumonia. INTERVENTIONS: Electrical impedance tomography and esophageal manometry were applied during PEEP titrations from 20 cm H2O to 6 cm H2O in supine and prone positions. MEASUREMENTS: Global respiratory system compliance (Crs), chest wall compliance, regional lung compliance, ventilation distribution in supine and prone positions. MAIN RESULTS: Compared with supine position, the maximum level of Crs changed after prone position in 59% of ARDS patients (n = 13), of which the Crs decreased in 32% (n = 7) and increased in 27% (n = 6). To reach maximum Crs after pronation, PEEP was changed in 45% of the patients by at least 4 cm H2O. After pronation, the ventilation and compliance of the dorsal region did not consistently change in the entire sample of patients, increasing specifically in a subgroup of patients who showed a positive change in Crs when transitioning from supine to prone position. These combined changes in ventilation and compliance suggest dorsal recruitment postpronation. In addition, the subgroup with increased Crs postpronation demonstrated the most pronounced difference between dorsal and ventral ventilation distribution from supine to prone position (p = 0.01), indicating heterogeneous ventilation distribution in prone position. CONCLUSIONS: Prone position modifies global respiratory compliance in most patients with ARDS. Only a subgroup of patients with a positive change in Crs postpronation presented a consistent improvement in dorsal ventilation and compliance. These data suggest that the response to pronation on global and regional mechanics can vary among ARDS patients, with some patients presenting more dorsal lung recruitment than others.
Associations between energy demands, physical activity, and body composition in adult humans between 18 and 96 y of age.

BACKGROUND Associations between body composition and the energy expended on basal metabolism and activity are complex and age dependent. OBJECTIVE The objective was to examine associations between body composition and daily (DEE), basal (BEE), and activity energy expenditure (AEE) throughout the adult life span. DESIGN A cross-sectional study was conducted in 529 adults aged 18-96 y. DEE was measured by using doubly labeled water, BEE by using respirometry, and body composition by isotope dilution. AEE was calculated as DEE - BEE, and physical activity level (PAL) was calculated as DEE/BEE. RESULTS Up to age 52 y, fat-free mass (FFM) and fat mass (FM) were positively associated with age in men, but no significant effect was observed in women. No effects of age on DEE and AEE were observed. The average DEE in men (14.1 MJ/d) was 27% greater than that in women (10.7 MJ/d). PAL averaged 1.84 in men and 1.75 in women. Above and including the age of 52 y, FFM, FM, DEE, BEE, and AEE were all negatively associated with greater age. The effect of age on AEE was greater than on BEE; consequently, PAL by the age of 95 y was only 1.36. PAL and AEE were both unrelated to FFM (both age adjusted). CONCLUSIONS PAL and AEE were not associated with age in subjects aged <52 y. AEE, BEE, and PAL were all negatively associated with age in subjects aged ≥52 y. An absence of a relation between age-adjusted PAL and FFM suggested that greater physical activity was not associated with higher FFM in the elderly.
Japanese modality - Possibility and necessity: prioritizing, epistemic, and dynamic

One of the most fascinating properties that set apart human languages from other systems of communication is their sheer unlimited capacity to abstract away from the actual situation, generally referred to as displacement. Displacement along the temporal dimension allows speakers to talk about circumstances and events obtaining at different times and to relate them to their actual now (see Chapter III.2). Displacement along the modal dimension allows speakers to talk about circumstances and events that need not be part of the actual course of events at all. For this, languages use content words (like belief or seek), morphological marking (like the Romance subjunctives), functional words (like the English modal auxiliaries), as well as complex constructions. ‘Modality’ can then be defined as the category of grammatical devices that serve to express displacement along the modal dimension. In the following, we will build on this understanding to present an overview over the relevant expressions and constructions in contemporary Japanese. While relatively standard in current formal semantic theories (cf. Portner 2009, Hacquard 2011), our understanding of modality is largely orthogonal to the tradition in Japanese linguistics and functional or cognitive approaches in Western linguistics (see Larm 2006; Narrog 2012 for recent overviews in English). In Japanese linguistics, ‘modality’ is typically defined as the category of linguistic expressions that serve to express the speakers current attitude to a proposition (Nakau 1979, Nitta 1989, Masuoka 1991, 1999). The class of linguistic phenomena this picks out is, on one hand, much broader (encompassing also politeness marking, negation, consecutive complementizers, topic markers, and tense), on the other hand, it excludes any instances of markers in the scope of tense, negation, or in nominalized constructions. In the following, we will stick to the understanding laid out initially as providing us with a semantically more homogeneous class (cf. Narrog 2005 for similar arguments). Formal semantics standardly employs the tools and techniques of modal logic to capture modal displacement (‘Modality has to do with necessity and possibility’, Kratzer 1981:39). The interpretation of natural language sentences is investigated against the backdrop of a set of possible worlds representing any conceivable state of affairs, one of them the actual world. In itself, each such world determines the truth value of all atomic (declarative) sentences. Complex sentences differ in whether their truth value, too, is determined by single worlds (sentences formed with the help of just truth-functional connectives like negation and conjunction) or whether their truth at any given world depends on other worlds that stand in particular relations to it.1,2 In the following, we will identify
Ranking and Tuning Pre-trained Models: A New Paradigm of Exploiting Model Hubs

Model hubs with many pre-trained models (PTMs) have been a cornerstone in deep learning. Although built at a high cost, they remain under-exploited : practitioners usually pick one PTM from the provided model hub by popularity and then ﬁne-tune the PTM to solve the target task. This na¨ıve but common practice poses two obstacles to suﬃcient exploitation of pre-trained model hubs: (1) the PTM selection by popularity has no optimality guarantee; (2) only one PTM is used while the rest PTMs are ignored. Ideally, to exploit pre-trained model hubs maximally, trying all combinations of PTMs and extensively ﬁne-tuning each PTM combination are required, which incurs exponential combinations and an unaﬀordable computational budget. In this paper, we propose a new paradigm of exploiting model hubs by ranking and tuning pre-trained models: (1) Our conference paper (You et al., 2021) proposed LogME to estimate the maximum value of label evidence given features extracted by pre-trained models, which can rank all the PTMs in a model hub for various types of PTMs and tasks before ﬁne-tuning . (2) The best ranked PTM can be ﬁne-tuned and deployed if we have no preference for the model’s architecture, or the target PTM can be tuned by top-K ranked PTMs via the proposed B-Tuning algorithm. The ranking part is based on the conference paper, and we complete its theoretical analyses in this paper, including the convergence proof of the heuristic evidence maximization procedure and the inﬂuence of feature dimension. The tuning part introduces a novel Bayesian Tuning (B-Tuning) method for tuning multiple PTMs, which surpasses specialized methods designed for tuning homogeneous PTMs and sets up a new state of the art for tuning heterogeneous PTMs. The new paradigm of exploiting PTM hubs can be interesting to a large audience across the machine learning community.
THE APPLICATION OF THE MAGNETOTELLURIC AND TELLURIC METHODS IN CENTRAL ALBERTA

In 1950, Tikhonov in Russia and Kato and Kikuchi in Japan showed that quantitative information concerning the electrical properties of the subsurface could be obtained from simultaneous measurements of short‐period fluctuations in the earth’s electric and magnetic fields. This appeared to amount to a significant advance from qualitative telluric field studies of Schlumberger and his followers. However, it was not until 1953, when Cagniard presented his basic paper, that the potential of the magnetotelluric method was realized.
Ethnic conflict in the post-Soviet world : case studies and analysis

Written in an accessible, journalistic style, Jihad in Paradise focuses on Southeast Asia's struggle to deal with Islamic extremists and terrorism at the hands of Jemah Islamiyah, al Qaeda's Southeast Asian arm. Although the book gives particular attention to Singapore's attempts to deal with these issues, the story extends into Malaysia, Indonesia, and the Philippines. All of these countries have significant Muslim populations, and recent violent events have affected the business environment, tourism, and the region's tradition of religious tolerance. The author draws on personal interviews with experts in the field as well as key political and religious figures in Singapore, Malaysia, and Indonesia, including Prime Minister Lee Kuan Yew, Minister for Muslim Affairs Jaacoub Ibrahim, and expelled Muslim dissident Zulfikar Mohamad Sharif. Millard examines the Bali bombing, Malaysia's conservative Islamic party PAS, the Malaysian province of Kelantan which is a Muslim political hotbed, Abu Saayaf of the Philippines, and Fateha.com and the use of the internet. He also provides a glimpse of how Singapore, the region's most developed nation, has been able to impose a degree of racial and religious tolerance.
Magnetotelluric transect across the Niigata‐Kobe Tectonic Zone, central Japan: A clear correlation between strain accumulation and resistivity structure

We obtained an electrical transect image of the Niigata‐Kobe Tectonic Zone (NKTZ). Several major active faults are located in this zone of concentrated deformation. The main features of the final two‐dimensional model are a thick resistive block in the upper crust, with a thinned‐out portion beneath the Atotsugawa Fault, and a strong conductor in the lower crust that intrudes upward into the upper resistor. The upper crustal resistive zone corresponds well to the spatiality of the NKTZ, and relatively conductive zones sandwiching this resistor may contribute to observed changes in displacement rates. The overlapping locations of the conductor and the low‐velocity body in the lower crust indicate that the conductor represents a zone that was weakened by fluids. Given that microearthquakes are localized in the regions between the resistive and conductive zones, we suggest that the distribution of earthquakes is influenced by intrusions of fluid derived from the conductor.
The impact of social interaction on student learning The impact of social interaction on student learning

Due to the lack of student engagement in the common lecture-centered model, we explored a model of instructional delivery where our undergraduate and graduate classes were structured so that students had opportunities for daily interaction with each other. Specifically, we examined how students perceived the value of social interaction on their learning by reflecting on their classroom experiences at the end of each class period. Three literacy teacher preparation courses during a summer session were chosen for this study based on the highly interactive nature of each course. The purpose of the study was not to determine the difference between different models of instruction, but to determine our students’ perceptions of the value of the social interaction that was taking place in our classrooms on their learning. The findings reveal that students in all three courses perceived that social interaction improved their learning by enhancing their knowledge of literacy and teaching and their critical thinking and problem-solving skills.
Factors Affecting Accounting Students’ Career Choice

: This study aims to investigate the major factors affecting business students', especially accounting students' career choices in China. A questionnaire was designed by previous research to collect data in traditional Chinese universities and Sino-Foreign cooperative universities. A Pearson correlation analysis and a stepwise regression analysis was conducted based on the type of universities the respondents from. Firstly, instructors' influence and earning expectations that play a role in choosing a career have a positive significant association with traditional Chinese students' academic performance. Earning expectations also significantly predict their accounting grade. Secondly, earning expectations, job opportunities and social status for a future career have a significant association with the academical performance of students in Sino-Foreign cooperative universities. Family influence and social status in choosing a career significantly predict their academic performance. The findings are important for the accounting profession area to guide more accounting students to choose work in the accounting field.
Tectonic setting of high-Mg andesite magmatism in the SW Japan arc: K–Ar chronology of the Setouchi volcanic belt

Summary The Setouchi volcanic belt in SW Japan is characterized by the occurrence of andesites with an unusually high Mg concentration (high-Mg andesites, HMAs). Such HMAs may have formed under unusual tectonic settings, as basaltic magmas are produced dominantly in the mantle wedge of modern subduction zones. A total of 50 new K–Ar ages for the Setouchi rocks confirmed that intermediate to felsic magmatism including the eruption of HMAs took place in this volcanic belt within a short period of 13.2 ± 0.4 Ma. This is synchronous with the clockwise rotation of the SW Japan arc sliver that was associated with the opening of the Japan Sea back-arc basin. Such rotation of an arc sliver forced the initiation of subduction and partial melting of a young and hot lithosphere of the Shikoku Basin beneath the arc. Interaction between slab melts and mantle wedge peridotites may be a possible generation process of unusual HMA magmas. When the SW Japan arc sliver ceased to drift, the Setouchi magmatism was switched off by the cessation of subduction. The eruption of HMA magmas may also be attributed to an extensional stress field in the Setouchi region, in contrast to the compressional stress regime documented for other regions of the SW Japan arc.
Use of psychotropic drugs following venous thromboembolism in youth . A nationwide cohort study

Publisher Rights Statement: NOTICE: this is the author’s version of a work that was accepted for publication in Thrombosis Research. Changes resulting from the publishing process, such as peer review, editing, corrections, structural formatting, and other quality control mechanisms may not be reflected in this document. Changes may have been made to this work since it was submitted for publication. A definitive version was subsequently published in Thrombosis Research, DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres. 2015.01. 024.