Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Corrigendum

Limborg et al. (2012a) reported a landscape genomics analysis in herring based on the analysis of 281 singlenucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers developed as detailed in Helyar et al. (2012). A formatting error, however, occurred, causing a mismatch between some SNP assay names and their corresponding genotype and sequence information. This error affects the correct matching of sequences, as they (rightfully) appear in GenBank and Dryad repositories, with gene annotations for outlier loci reported to covary with environmental variables. The correct SNP assay names corresponding to the outlier names presented in Tables 2–4 and in Figures 2a-b and 4 are given below (Table 1). The only major change to the original publication is the annotation results. In the original paper, Limborg et al. (2012a) discussed the annotations of three outlier genes. The three genes were annotated, respectively, to a heat shock protein (Hsp70), haemoglobin alpha subunit gene (Hba) and catalase (Cat). After correction, the SNP in Hba still annotates to the same haemoglobin alpha subunit gene, while the Hsp70 SNP corresponds to a Troponin gene, and the Cat SNP does not return a significant BLAST match. The change does not affect the overall conclusions drawn in Limborg et al. (2012a) and still suggests a role for these genes to local adaptation although the corrected results do not add to previous findings for Hsp70 and catalase genes. Lastly, the Table S1 (Supporting information) and the Dryad submission (Limborg et al. 2012b) have now been changed to include the right names of the SNP assays analysed in Limborg et al. (2012a). These names correspond with the “new” SNP assay names listed in Table 1 below and with those published in Helyar et al. (2012).
Uncertainty measures for probabilistic hesitant fuzzy sets in multiple criteria decision making

This contribution reviews critically the existing entropy measures for probabilistic hesitant fuzzy sets (PHFSs), and demonstrates that these entropy measures fail to effectively distinguish a variety of different PHFSs in some cases. In the sequel, we develop a new axiomatic framework of entropy measures for probabilistic hesitant fuzzy elements (PHFEs) by considering two facets of uncertainty associated with PHFEs which are known as fuzziness and nonspecificity. Respect to each kind of uncertainty, a number of formulae are derived to permit flexible selection of PHFE entropy measures. Moreover, based on the proposed PHFE entropy measures, we introduce some entropy‐based distance measures which are used in the portion of comparative analysis. Eventually, the proposed PHFE entropy measures and PHFE entropy‐based distance measures are applied to decision making in the strategy initiatives where their reliability and effectiveness are verified.
Musashi2 promotes the progression of pancreatic cancer through a novel ISYNA1‐p21/ZEB‐1 pathway

Our previous studies found overexpression of Musashi2 (MSI2) conduced to the progression and chemoresistance of pancreatic cancer (PC) by negative regulation of Numb and wild type p53 (wtp53). Now, we further investigated the novel signalling involved with MSI2 in PC. We identified inositol‐3‐phosphate synthase 1 (ISYNA1) as a novel tumour suppressor regulated by MSI2. High MSI2 and low ISYNA1 expression were prevalently observed in 91 PC tissues. ISYNA1 expression was negatively correlated with MSI2 expression, T stage, vascular permeation and poor prognosis in PC patients. What's more, patients expressed high MSI2 and low ISYNA1 level had a significant worse prognosis. And in wtp53 Capan‐2 and SW1990 cells, ISYNA1 was downregulated by p53 silencing. ISYNA1 silencing promoted cell proliferation and cell cycle by inhibiting p21 and enhanced cell migration and invasion by upregulating ZEB‐1. However, MSI2 silencing upregulated ISYNA1 and p21 but downregulated ZEB‐1, which can be rescued by ISYNA1 silencing. Moreover, reduction of cell migration and invasion resulting from MSI2 silencing was significantly reversed by ISYNA1 silencing. In summary, MSI2 facilitates the development of PC through a novel ISYNA1‐p21/ZEB‐1 pathway, which provides new gene target therapy for PC.
Winter diet of the noctule bat Nyctalus noctula

A b s t r a c t . The food composition of noctule bats (Nyctalus noctula) was investigated using droppings analyses methods (29 samples/ 322 pellets) over two winters (2001/2002 and 2002/2003) in ten urban and rural localities in Central Europe (Slovakia, Czech Republic). Two orders of arachnids (Araneida, Acarina) and nine orders of insects (Homoptera, Heteroptera, Psocoptera, Neuroptera, Coleoptera, Hymenoptera, Lepidoptera, Diptera, Siphonaptera) were identified in the droppings. The most important order in all samples was Lepidoptera (mean F = 53 %, mean V = 35 %), followed by Diptera (F = 38 %, V = 12 %), Coleoptera (F = 21 %, V = 9 %) and Araneida (F = 15 %, V = 3 %). Differences were found in the composition of the most important food components among two urban and one rural locality as well as in the portion of secondary components (hair, slime). Regarding seasonal changes in the food composition, three periods were identified in winter – the beginning (November – January), the middle (February) and the end of the season (March). Some seasonal trends could be identified in the Diptera and Coleoptera, with a decrease in frequency and volume in the middle of the winter. The most important food component (Lepidoptera) showed no seasonal trend over winter. The bats could hunt insects outside or collect them also very probably directly in the shelters.
Human amniotic mesenchymal stem cells inhibit hepatocellular carcinoma in tumour‐bearing mice

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the third leading cause of the cancer‐related death in the world. Human amniotic mesenchymal stem cells (hAMSCs) have been characterized with a pluripotency, low immunogenicity and no tumorigenicity. Especially, the immunosuppressive and anti‐inflammatory effects of hAMSCs make them suitable for treating HCC. Here, we reported that hAMSCs administrated by intravenous injection significantly inhibited HCC through suppressing cell proliferation and inducing cell apoptosis in tumour‐bearing mice with Hepg2 cells. Cell tracking experiments with GFP‐labelled hAMSCs showed that the stem cells possessed the ability of migrating to the tumorigenic sites for suppressing tumour growth. Importantly, both hAMSCs and the conditional media (hAMSC‐CM) have the similar antitumour effects in vitro, suggesting that hAMSCs‐derived cytokines might be involved in their antitumour effects. Antibody array assay showed that hAMSCs highly expressed dickkopf‐3 (DKK‐3), dickkopf‐1 (DKK‐1) and insulin‐like growth factor‐binding protein 3 (IGFBP‐3). Furthermore, the antitumour effects of hAMSCs were further confirmed by applications of the antibodies or the specific siRNAs of DKK‐3, DKK‐1 and IGFBP‐3 in vitro. Mechanically, hAMSCs‐derived DKK‐3, DKK‐1 and IGFBP‐3 markedly inhibited cell proliferation and promoted apoptosis of Hepg2 cells through suppressing the Wnt/β‐catenin signalling pathway and IGF‐1R‐mediated PI3K/AKT signalling pathway, respectively. Taken together, our study demonstrated that hAMSCs possess significant antitumour effects in vivo and in vitro and might provide a novel strategy for HCC treatment clinically.
RAPD marker estimation of genetic structure among isolated northern leopard frog populations in the south‐western USA

Amphibians in the south‐western United States are currently experiencing population declines. Causal explanations for these population changes as well as the implementation of sound management practices requires an understanding of the genetic structure of natural amphibian populations. To this end, we estimated genetic differences within and among seven isolated populations of northern leopard frogs, Rana pipiens, from Arizona and southern Utah using random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analyses. Fourteen arbitrarily designed primers detected 38 polymorphic loci in 85 individual frogs. Three types of population structure were observed in this study. (i) Two populations showed low genetic diversity (D= 0.10 and 0.04) and may have been established by relatively recent events. (ii) Two were not genetically distinct and exhibited a high degree of within‐population diversity (D= 0.35). The possibility of gene flow between these populations is high due to their geographical proximity and their shared genetic structure. (iii) Three populations were genetically distinct from each other and the other populations, and exhibited intermediate within‐population variation (D= 0.19, 0.17, 0.14). Genetic distances among the seven populations ranged from 0.00 to 0.20, suggesting that some of these leopard frog populations are genetically distinct. Although based on relatively small samples, these data suggest that leopard frog populations in the south‐west are likely to represent unique genetic entities worthy of conservation. The management implications of these results are that isolated leopard frog populations should be evaluated on an individual basis to best preserve them.
Erratum

In the December 2005 issue of Liver Transplantation, the following article: Terry C, Dhawan A, Mitry RR, Lehec SC, and Hughes RD. Preincubation of Rat and Human Hepatocytes With Cytoprotectants Prior to Cryopreservation Can Improve Viability and Function Upon Thawing. Liver Transpl 2005;11:15331540 was printed without its figures included. The following is the manuscript in its entirety with the figures present.
Out of Sight, Out of Mind: Thermal Acclimation of Root Respiration in Arctic Ranunculus

Abstract Respiration rates, thermal sensitivity, and thermal acclimation potential of root respiration were investigated in Ranunculus from the Arctic. Comparisons of three species (R. glacialis, R. nivalis and R. acris subsp. pumilus) used plants grown on a mountain or in a glasshouse for 6 wk at contrasting soil temperatures (5.4 and 14.5°C, respectively). Northern and southern ecotypes of two species of Ranunculus (R. pygmaeus, and R. acris subsp. acris), together ranging from Svalbard (79 °N) to Scotland (56°N), were similarly compared after 2 wk in a growth cabinet at 5 and 15°C. Respiration rates varied at standard measurement temperatures; R. nivalis and R. pygmaeus grown on the mountain or at 5°C had the highest respiration, followed by other alpine snowbed species (R. glacialis and R. acris subsp. pumilus) and R. acris subsp. acris from the arctic lowland; R. acris subsp. acris from Scotland had lowest rates. Respiration was temperature sensitive for all populations, increasing progressively between 5 and 20°C (Q10 (5–15): 1.2–2.4). Extent and type of acclimation of root respiration varied with no clear latitudinal pattern emerging. Acclimation to a 10°C increase in growth temperature was achieved through: change in temperature sensitivity (shown by changes in Q10 (5–15) values) (R. acris subsp. pumilus); or reduction in absolute rates (R. pygmaeus from Svalbard, R. acris subsp. pumilus and R. nivalis). Complete acclimation occurred in R. acris subsp. pumilus and R. pygmaeus, whereas R. acris subsp. acris from Scotland and R. glacialis did not acclimate. Plants that adjust root respiration (e.g., R. pygmaeus from Svalbard and R. acris subsp. pumilus) to maintain a positive carbon balance, may tolerate predicted temperature increases in arctic regions. Plants with high rates of root respiration and/ or high sensitivity to temperature as well as poor acclimation potential, (e.g., R. glacialis) may only persist in cold microhabitats.
Three Prospectively Applicable Species of Paecilomyces from Soils in China

Two new records of Paecilomyces in China,P.nostocoides and P.niveus,were isolated from soils in Xinjiang and Yunnan provinces.Diagnoses charakter of the former is to have a long chain with distinctly different conidia in size.The latter is of white colony,heat resistance and smooth chlamydospores.Based on the evidence obtained from partial sequencing of rDNA sequence,P.inflatus var.major was recombined as P.major.
Genetic Relationship of Dioscorea Polystachya Turcz.Resources Based on ISSR Markers

The genetic diversity and phylogenetic relationship of 94 yam germplasm was analyzed by ISSR.24 primers were selected from 100 primers and 352 clear strips were amplified.344 clear strips were polymorphic bands and the percentage of polymorphic bands was 97.7%. Genetic cluster analysis indiated that 94 yam germplasm were divided into 4 groups and the genetic distances were Dioscorea(0.053 8-0.088 4),Dioscorea alata(0.035 3-0.068 2),Dioscorea fordii(0.053 3-0.138 2) and Dioscorea persimilis(0.054 2-0.126 6). Based on the genetic similarity and the population,results suggested that Dioscorea alata group had the closest phylogenetic relationship with Dioscorea fordii group,closer with Dioscorea group and farther with Dioscorea persimilis group.
Plasma total homocysteine levels and other biochemical parameters in Algerian patients with deep vein thrombosis

Abstract We studied total plasma homocysteine levels (tHcy) in Algerian patients with a deep venous thrombosis (DVT). We measured tHcy levels in a total of 99 subjects enrolled in this study, including 40 patients with DVT and 59 healthy controls. The mean tHcy level in the patients was 12.62±8.7 μmol/L and that in the controls was 10.2± 2.1 μmol/L. In a univariate regression model, tHcy concentrations were inversely correlated with triglycerides (TG) (r=–0.358; p=0.023) and total cholesterol (TC) (r=–0.454; p=0.003) concentrations. Logistic regression analysis showed that tHcy after adjustment was significantly associated with the following factors: TC (p=0.003) and TG (p=0.023). The analysis in DVT patients showed that variables independently associated with tHcy were TC [odds ratio (OR) 2.1, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.7–2.6], low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (OR 2.0, 95% CI 1.6–2.5), creatinine (OR 2.2, 95% CI 1.7–2.6), and smoking (OR 2.1, 95% CI 1.7–2.5). In conclusion, these results indicate that tHcy levels and other biochemical parameters are important determinant factors for DVT diseases in Algerian patients.
Structural knowledge assessment: comparison of referent structures

Network representations of student knowledge are usually evaluated by comparing them to an expert «referent» structure. This study compared referent structures produced by the instructor, other experts, averaged experts, and an average based on the best students in the class. The referents were compared in their ability to predict exam performance in 2 college level computer programming courses and to differentiate among levels of expertise. Results showed that in terms of these criteria, (a) instructor-based referents were no better than other experts; (b) there was substantial variability among experts; and (c) structures derived from both averaged experts and averaged best students provided valid referents, but the expert-based referent was superior
Results of a phase II study of atezolizumab and bevacizumab in non-clear cell renal cell carcinoma (nccRCC) and clear cell renal cell carcinoma with sarcomatoid differentiation (sccRCC).

548 Background: NccRCC and sccRCC have historically been underrepresented in clinical trials. Even with targeted therapy, most patients have inferior survival compared to clear cell renal cell carcinoma. The combination of atezolizumab and bevacizumab has demonstrated safety and efficacy in ccRCC. In this multicenter, phase II, open-label, single arm trial we evaluate the efficacy of atezolizumab and bevacizumab in patients with nccRCC and sccRCC with >20% sarcomatoid differentiation. Methods: Eligible patients had an ECOG performance status of 0-2 and may have received prior therapy. Prior PD-1/PD-L1 therapy was not allowed. Patients underwent a mandatory baseline biopsy and subsequently received atezolizumab 120 mg and bevacizumab 15 mg/kg intravenously every 3 weeks. Patients remained on therapy until radiographic progression, unacceptable adverse events, or withdrawal. The primary end point was overall response rate (ORR) as determined by RECIST version 1.1. Results: 65 patients were enrolled of whom 52 had ≥1 response assessment and were included in this analysis. 36 patients had nccRCC (papillary n=14, chromophobe n=8, unclassified RCC n=3, collecting duct n=3, translocation n=3, other n=5), and 16 patients had sccRCC. 17 patients received prior systemic therapy, 16 of whom had nccRCC. The ORR was 31% in the overall cohort (Table 1). 10 patients (19%) developed grade 3 treatment-related adverse events (AEs), half of which were immune-related. There were no grade 4-5 AEs. Conclusions: In this study, we show that therapy with atezolizumab and bevacizumab was safe and demonstrated anti-tumor activity in nccRCC and sccRCC. Further analyses will report ORR by histologic subtype and PD-L1 expression status. Analysis of tissue and blood-based biomarkers of response are ongoing. Clinical trial information: NCT02724878. [Table: see text]
Reply

We thank Craig et al. for their interesting letter. Our present study expands on our earlier publication, in which we first advocated the use of the Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score for acetaminophen-induced acute liver failure. The usefulness of the SOFA score is partly related to its high negative predictive value and discriminative ability, regardless of the time of acetaminophen administration. However, we totally agree with Craig et al. that the SOFA score should be evaluated prospectively in larger studies including patients with non–acetaminopheninduced acute liver failure. In addition, we agree that the SOFA score and all other prognostic scores should be evaluated not only at admission but also 48 to 96 hours after admission and/or after therapeutic intervention. In fact, we have shown for the first time that in patients with cirrhosis who are admitted to the intensive care unit, dynamic changes in the SOFA score or other prognostic scores might have superior performance in comparison with the scores at the baseline. Nevertheless, we believe that in daily clinical practice, all main prognostic scores should be used as an aid to clinical judgment and should not be considered to provide absolute precision for clinical decision making. Evangelos Cholongitas, M.D., Andrew K. Burroughs, M.D., F.R. C.P., F.Med.Sci. 4th Department of Internal Medicine Medical School of Aristotle University Hippokration General Hospital of Thessaloniki Thessaloniki, Greece Liver Transplantation and Hepatobiliary Unit Royal Free Hospital, London, United Kingdom
The Role of the Apparent Horizon in the Evolution of Robinson-Trautman %%EINSTEIN-Maxwell Spacetimes

The `runaway solutions' of the Lorentz-Dirac equation of a charged particle interacting with its own field in classical electrodynamics are well-known. This type of self accelerated phenomena also exists in the solutions of the Einstein-Maxwell equations in general relativity. In particular, runaway solutions occur in a class of simple models known as the `Asymptotically Flat Robinson-Trautman Einstein-Maxwell' (AFRTEM) spacetimes. Consequently these spacetimes cannot evolve to their unique regular steady state, viz. a charged non-rotating black hole. This seems to contradict the established results that charged non-rotating black holes are stable under first order perturbations. We show that if an AFRTEM spacetime also possesses an apparent horizon, then it has a Lyapunov functional. This suggests that the evolution equations with additional constraints arising from the apparent horizon would evolve stably to a charged non-rotating black hole. We also demonstrate that the linearised equations of these restricted spacetimes are stable and the exponentially growing dipole modes, which give rise to self accelerated motions in classical electrodynamics are also eliminated.
Transfer of the plJ101 plasmid in Streptomyces lividans requires a cis‐acting function dispensable for chromosomal gene transfer

The tra gene of Streptomyces lividans plasmid plJ101 is required for both plasmid DNA transfer and plJ101‐induced mobilization of chromosomal genes during mating. We show that a chromosomally inserted copy of tra mediates transfer of chromosomal DNA at high frequency but promotes efficient transfer of plasmids only when they contain a previously unknown locus, here named clt. Insertional mutation or deletion of clt from plJ101 reduced plasmid transfer mediated by either plasmid‐borne or chromosomally located tra by at least three orders of magnitude, abolished the transfer‐associated pocking phenomenon, and interfered with the ability of tra+ plasmids to promote transfer of chromosomal DNA. Our results indicate that plasmid transfer in S. lividans involves a cis‐acting function dispensable for chromosomal gene transfer and imply that either the S. lividans chromosome encodes its own clt‐like function or, alternatively, that transfer of plasmid and chromosomal DNA occurs by different mechanisms.
Effect of low central venous pressure and phlebotomy on blood product transfusion requirements during liver transplantations

Correction of coagulation defects with plasma transfusion did not decrease the need for intraoperative red blood cells (RBC) transfusions during liver transplantations. On the contrary, it led to a hypervolemic state that resulted in an increase of shed blood. As well, plasma transfusion has been associated with a decreased one‐year survival rate. The aim of the present prospective survey was to evaluate whether anesthesiologists could reduce intraoperative RBC transfusions during liver transplantations by changing their anesthesia practice, more specifically by maintaining a low central venous pressure (CVP), through restriction of volume replacement, elimination of all plasma transfusion and by using intraoperative phlebotomy during the transplantation. One hundred consecutive liver transplantations were prospectively studied during a two‐year period and were compared to a retrospective series (1998‐2002). A low CVP was maintained in all patients prior the anhepatic phase. Coagulation disorders were not corrected preoperatively, intraoperatively, or post‐operatively unless uncontrollable bleeding. Phlebotomy and Cell Saver (CS) were used following pre‐established criteria. Independent variables were analyzed in a univariate and multivariate fashion. The mean number of intraoperative RBC units transfused was 0.4 ± 0.8. No plasma, platelets, albumin, or cryoprecipitate were transfused. Seventy‐nine percent of the patients received no blood products during their liver transplantation. The average final hemoglobin value was 85.9 ± 17.8 g/L. In 57 patients (58.2%), intraoperative phlebotomy and CS were used either together or separately. The one‐year year survival rate was 89.1%. Logistic regression showed that avoidance of plasma transfusion, starting hemoglobin value and phlebotomy were significantly linked to liver transplantation without RBC transfusion. In conclusion, the avoidance of plasma transfusion and maintenance of a low CVP prior to the anhepatic phase were associated with a decrease in RBC transfusions during liver transplantations. Previous reports indicating that it is neither useful nor necessary to correct coagulation defects with plasma transfusion prior to liver transplantation are further corroborated by this prospective survey. We believe that this work also supports the practice of lowering CVP with phlebotomy in order to reduce blood loss, during liver dissection, without any deleterious effect. Liver Transpl 12:117–123, 2006. © 2005 AASLD.