Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Stress, Depression and Coping among Latino Migrant and Seasonal Farmworkers

Research shows that one in four migrant farmworkers experienced an episode of one or more mental health disorders such as stress, depression, or anxiety in their lifetime. The purpose of this mixed methods study was to explore experiences and perceptions related to stress and depression among Latino migrant and seasonal farmworkers (MSFWs), and to identify their coping behaviors for dealing with these mental health conditions. Using a mixed methods research approach, three focus group interviews of a sample of Latino MSFWs (N = 29) were conducted and a quantitative survey was implemented (N = 57) at community sites in eastern North Carolina. Four major themes emerged from the focus group data: (1) physical stress related to working conditions; (2) mental stress related to family situations, work environment, documentation status, and lack of resources; (3) depression related to separation from family and the lack of resources; and (4) use of positive and negative mechanisms for coping with stress and depression. A discussion of these themes, results from the survey findings, implications for intervention and outreach programs, along with recommendations for further research, are provided.
Variability in Large-Scale Water Balance with Land Surface-Atmosphere Interaction

Abstract Persistent and prolonged periods of dry or moist conditions are often evident in the interannual variability of continental-type climates This variability appears as fluctuations around several distinct and preferred moisture states. These fluctuations and transitions between the preferred states are commonly attributed to large-scale changes in atmospheric circulation patterns possibly caused by oceanic influence. This paper argues that a major contributing factor to the persistent dry or moist behavior could be due to feedback and nonlinear interaction between the components of the hydrologic cycle in both the land and the atmosphere. A model that couples the water balance of continental landmasses and the overlying atmosphere is presented. The large-scale variabilities in atmospheric circulation are introduced by way of simple randomness in key forcing parameters. The result is a multiplicative-noise stochastic differential equation for the water balance dynamics of continental-type climates t.
P wave anisotropy, stress, and crack distribution at Coso geothermal field, California

A new inversion method for P wave anisotropy [Wu and Lees, 1999a] has been applied to high-precision, microseismic traveltime data collected at Coso geothermal region, California. Direction-dependent P wave velocity and thus its perturbation, are represented by a symmetric positive definite matrix A instead of a scalar. The resulting anisotropy distribution is used to estimate variations in crack density, stress distribution and permeability within the producing geothermal field. A circular dome-like structure is observed at the southwestern part of the geothermal region southwest of Sugarloaf Mountain. Using a linear stress-bulk modulus relationship, deviatoric stress is estimated to be 3–6 MPa at geothermal production depths (1–2 km), assuming all the anisotropy is related to stress. The stress field is compressional NNE-SSW and dilational WNW-ESE, coinciding with a previous, independent study using earthquake focal mechanisms. Following a theory on flat, elliptic cracks, residual crack density estimated from P anisotropy is ∼0.0078 assuming crack aspect ratios ≫ 1:60 and is ∼0.041 when crack aspect ratios are close to 1:60. Residual crack orientation distribution is related to velocity anisotropy. On the basis of anisotropic part of crack density distribution function, the anisotropic part of permeability distribution may be calculated by a statistical approach via simple parallel fluid flow along cracks.
Effects of different sequences of pulmonary artery and vein ligations during pulmonary lobectomy on blood micrometastasis of non-small cell lung cancer

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of different sequences of pulmonary artery and vein ligations during lobectomy on blood micrometastasis of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Cytokeratin 19 (CK19)/adhesion molecule CD44v6 mRNA were used as markers. A total of 30 NSCLC patients undergoing pulmonary lobectomy were randomly divided into pulmonary artery (PA)-first and pulmonary vein (PV)-first groups according to the order of artery or vein ligation (15 cases in each). Fluorescent quantitative-RT-PCR (FQ-RT-PCR) was used to detect the mRNA expression of CK19 and CD44v6 in pulmonary venous blood at the early and late periods during surgery, and ΔCt values were calculated. Meanwhile, the peripheral blood samples from 10 healthy volunteers were selected as the control. ΔCt values of CD44v6 and CK19 of NSCLC groups at the early period during surgery were 7.83±1.70 and 10.76±2.74, while those of the control group were 9.17±1.04 and 12.76±2.36. The expression of CD44v6 and CK19 genes in venous blood of NSCLC groups was significantly higher than that of the control group (P<0.05). In addition, the ΔCt values of CD44v6 and CK19 in the early and late periods during surgery in the PA-first group were 7.92±1.97 vs. 5.67±2.11 (P= 0.008) and 11.21±3.14 vs. 8.60±4.02 (P= 0.05), respectively. The expression of CD44v6 and CK19 in the late period were both significantly higher than those in the early period, while neither the ΔCt value of CD44v6 nor that of CK19 in the early vs. late periods in the PV-first group exhibited statistically significant differences (7.95±1.91 vs. 7.74±2.10 and 10.60±3.15 vs. 10.30±2.98) (P<0.05). Surgical manipulation itself may stimulate the occurrence of blood micrometastasis and the ligation of the PV first during surgery may help prevent blood micrometastasis.
The 2008 Emiliania huxleyi bloom along the Patagonian Shelf: Ecology, biogeochemistry, and cellular calcification

Coccolithophore blooms are significant contributors to the global production and export of calcium carbonate (calcite). The Patagonian Shelf is a site of intense annual coccolithophore blooms during austral summer. During December 2008, we made intensive measurements of the ecology, biogeochemistry, and physiology of a coccolithophore bloom. High numbers of Emiliania huxleyi cells and detached coccoliths (>1 × 103 mL−1 and >10 × 103 mL−1, respectively), high particulate inorganic carbon concentrations (>10 mmol C m−2), and high calcite production (up to 7.3 mmol C m−2 d−1) all characterized bloom waters. The bloom was dominated by the low‐calcite‐containing B/C morphotype of Emiliania huxleyi, although a small (<10 µm) Southern Ocean diatom of the genus Fragilariopsis was present in almost equal numbers (0.2–2 × 103 mL−1). Estimates of Fragilariopsis contributions to chlorophyll, phytoplankton carbon, and primary production were >30%, similar to estimates for E. huxleyi and indicative of a significant role for this diatom in bloom biogeochemistry. Cell‐normalized calcification rates, when corrected for a high number of nonactive cells, were relatively high and when normalized to estimates of coccolith calcite indicate excessive coccolith production in the declining phase of the bloom. We find that low measures of calcite and calcite production relative to other blooms in the global ocean indicate that the dominance of the B/C morphotype may lead to overall lower calcite production. Globally, this suggests that morphotype composition influences regional bloom inventories of carbonate production and export and that climate‐induced changes in morphotype biogeography could affect the carbon cycle.
When phenology matters: age–size truncation alters population response to trophic mismatch

Climate-induced shifts in the timing of life-history events are a worldwide phenomenon, and these shifts can de-synchronize species interactions such as predator–prey relationships. In order to understand the ecological implications of altered seasonality, we need to consider how shifts in phenology interact with other agents of environmental change such as exploitation and disease spread, which commonly act to erode the demographic structure of wild populations. Using long-term observational data on the phenology and dynamics of a model predator–prey system (fish and zooplankton in Windermere, UK), we show that age–size truncation of the predator population alters the consequences of phenological mismatch for offspring survival and population abundance. Specifically, age–size truncation reduces intraspecific density regulation due to competition and cannibalism, and thereby amplifies the population sensitivity to climate-induced predator–prey asynchrony, which increases variability in predator abundance. High population variability poses major ecological and economic challenges as it can diminish sustainable harvest rates and increase the risk of population collapse. Our results stress the importance of maintaining within-population age–size diversity in order to buffer populations against phenological asynchrony, and highlight the need to consider interactive effects of environmental impacts if we are to understand and project complex ecological outcomes.
First record of the genus Simocosmoceras Spath, 1925, Ammonitina, in Mexico. Biostratigraphic and palaeobiogeographic interpretation

Abstract The occurrence of Simocosmoceras in Mexico is first reported from the Mazatepec area (Puebla) in East-central Mexico. Simocosmoceras pszczolkowskii apulcoensis n. subsp. shows closest morphological resemblance with Simocosmoceras pszczolkowskii Myczynski registered in western Cuba (Myczynski 1989). Ecological adaptation to comparatively epeiric seas in eastern Mexico is interpreted to cause phenotypic deviation with respect to Simocosmoceras pszczolkowskii Myczynski reported from western Cuba. The lack of transient phenotypes between Mexican and Cuban Simocosmoceras is assumed to support the interpretation of Simocosmoceras pszczolkowskii apulcoensis n. subsp. as a geographic subspecies. The new subspecies is interpreted to indicate stratigraphic horizons within the Semiforme/Verruciferm Zone in the Mediterranean Tethys.
A rule-based method for mapping Canada's wetlands using optical, radar and DEM data

Up-to-date information on the distribution and changes associated with wetlands is essential for their effective conservation and management. Satellite remote sensing is arguably the only practical way for mapping and monitoring wetlands in a timely manner over a large area, and therefore has been chosen by the Canadian Wetland Inventory (CWI) initiative to map Canada's wetlands and by the Environment and Sustainable Development Indicators (ESDI) initiative to monitor the extent of wetlands indicators. As a contribution to these initiatives, this paper presents a rule-based wetland mapping method using Landsat-7/ETM+, two-season Radarsat-1/SAR images and DEM data. Three study sites in eastern Canada were selected to test this new method. The test results indicate that the classification accuracy of the new method ranges from 71% to 92%, for open bog, open fen, treed bog, marsh and swamp at the three sites. In comparison, two traditional methods based on Landsat-7/ETM+ alone or both Landsat-7/ETM+ and Radarsat-1/SAR have accuracies of 24-89% and 78-85% respectively.
Equatorial plasma bubble evolution and its role in the generation of irregularities in the lower F region

Rocket measurements from equatorial regions during equatorial spread F (ESF) consistently reveal the presence of plasma density irregularities in the lower F region (200-300 km) where the initial conditions including the vertical electron density gradient are not favorable for the development of linear instability. An investigation carried out using a nonlinear numerical simulation model and the results obtained from the Ionization Hole campaign revealed that the altitude variation of the recombination coefficient and the vertical polarization velocity due to fringe fields associated with the plasma bubble at the base of the F layer are responsible for changing the polarity of the vertical gradient in the plasma density profile in the lower F region, while the penetration of the fringe fields is mainly responsible for the development of zonal electron density gradient which plays a crucial role in the secondary plasma instabilities resulting in the generation of kilometer scale size iITegulaiities in the vertical direction.
Changes in Soil Ergosterol Content, Glomalin-Related Soil Protein, and Phospholipid Fatty Acid Profile as Affected by Long-Term Organic and Chemical Fertilization Practices in Mediterranean Turkey

The present study examines the effects of different fertilization treatments (chemical fertilization, farmyard manure, plant compost, and mycorrhiza-inoculated compost) on the soil fungi under a crop rotation of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and corn (Zea mays L.) in a long-term field experiment established in Mediterranean Turkey in 1996. Soil samples were collected in May, August, and October 2009. Soil pH, organic carbon, plant-available nitrogen and phosphorus, mycorrhizal colonization, and a series of biochemical markers (phospholipid and neutral lipid fatty acid [PLFA and NLFA] profiles, soil ergosterol content, and glomalin related soil protein [GRSP] as indicators of abundance of bacteria, saprotrophic, and arbuscular mycorrhizal [AM] fungi) were assessed. No significant difference was observed in soil organic C and plant available N in relation to long-term fertilization treatments, but plant available P in soil changed significantly in relation to the fertilization treatment used and the sampling season (between 11.5–33.8 mg · kg−1 in spring, 10.4–28.6 mg · kg−1 in summer, and 10.5–33.2 mg · kg−1 in autumn). Mycorrhizal colonization patterns were similar for both plants. However, mycorrhiza-inoculated compost treatment exhibited higher root colonization (77.3%) over control (16.3%), chemical fertilization (10.0%), farmyard manure (19.3%), and plant compost (20.0%). No statistically significant change was observed in ergosterol content. The effect of long-term organic treatments on soil PLFA structure was statistically prominent; whereas seasonality only affected bacterial PLFAs. Organic fertilization increased GRSP (mean annual ranging from 0.91 to 2.46 mg · g−1 total GRSP) but long-term annual mycorrhizal inoculation had no significant effect on the soil GRSP pool.
Evaluation of the social, clinical and laboratorial profile of patients diagnosed with leprosy in a reference center in São Paulo*

BACKGROUND Leprosy is the main infectious cause of disability. It is said to be eradicated in São Paulo since 2005, but diagnosis is still late. OBJECTIVES To investigate the social, clinical and laboratorial profile of leprosy patients diagnosed between 01/2007 and 12/2011, in a reference center in São Paulo. METHODS Retrospective descriptive study. Data of all new leprosy cases diagnosed between 01/2007 and 12/2011 were raised in São Paulo. RESULTS 103 men and 71 women were diagnosed, most of them were multibacillary. Mean age at diagnosis was 49 yrs; 2,2% were children; 70% had incomplete primary education; 50% were referred without diagnostic suspicion of leprosy. Mean time since first symptoms/signs and diagnosis was 2 years; 64% of patients had some degree of disability, and 26% had grade 2. 23 cases were diagnosed only after being summoned, and 80% of these had no disability. Agreement between the Ridley and Jopling and the WHO classification was 75% (kappa index = 0.44). Serology for IgM anti-PGL1 (87 patients) showed a mean value of 0.25, and an association between MB classification and test positivity (p <0.001). CONCLUSIONS Leprosy diagnosis in São Paulo is late. The disease mainly affected the socially disadvantaged and economically active population. Failure to detect the disease (41% in the last 10 years) could be due to the lack of suspicion and to decentralization. For the classification of patients with advanced leprosy, both the WHO and R&J classifications proved to be helpful tools.
A single model ensemble versus a dynamic modeling platform: Semi‐distributed rainfall runoff modeling in a Hierarchical Mixtures of Experts framework

One way to address the perceived biases in many hydrological model simulations is to incorporate the information from several models at once. In this study we present an alternative where the catchment can be modeled as existing under a number of discrete states, which are chosen in a probabilistic manner based on selected catchment indicators. We present an application of the approach in the context of a semi‐distributed catchment simulation model. We compare the predictive performance of several observed and simulated catchment indicators for aggregating the models via three catchments in different continental, geographic and climatic settings. Two main conclusions are drawn: (a) the multiple state representation of catchment behavior is an attractive alternative to single model parameterizations in terms of predictive power, and (b) each of the discrete probabilistic states is predictable using catchment indicators that reflect the lower order runoff producing mechanisms.
Large amount of fluid migration around shallow seismogenic depth preserved in tectonic mélange: Yokonami mélange, the Cretaceous Shimanto Belt, Kochi, Southwest Japan

Studying subduction zone fluid at shallow seismogenic depths is important to understand the nature of fault rocks at the updip limit of the seismogenic zone because fluid–rock interactions affect heat and mass transfer, and fault strength. In this study, we conducted detailed analyses of distribution of shear veins, and estimation of pressure–temperature conditions for shear vein formation for the Yokonami mélange, Shikoku, Southwest Japan, which is tectonic mélange zone in an on‐land accretionary complex. We found a seismogenic fault at the upper boundary of the Yokonami mélange, indicating that the Yokonami mélange was active at seismogenic depth. The field‐transect distribution of shear veins was examined. The frequency, the total and mean thicknesses of the shear veins were about 3.7 per meter, about 10 mm per meter, and about 3 mm per shear vein, respectively. Quartz within the shear veins shows elongate‐blocky textures, suggesting precipitation from advective flow. The pressure and temperature conditions for shear vein formation were examined by fluid inclusion analysis, ranging 175–225°C and 143–215 MPa, respectively. The temperature is almost consistent with the paleotemperature determined from vitrinite reflectance, suggesting that the shear veins were formed at up to the maximum depth. The depth might be consistent with that where the seismogenic fault was formed. On the basis of the pressure and temperature conditions and the distribution of shear veins, we estimated the minimum volumetric ratio of fluid to host rocks, assuming that the shear veins had precipitated from advective flow. The estimated amount of fluid is about 106 m3 per cubic meter of host rocks. The results suggest that a large amount of fluid migrates through mélange zones at shallow seismogenic depths. This fluid possibly originates from the dehydration of clay minerals from underthrusted sediments and an altered subducting slab.
Association between serum osmolarity and mortality in patients who are critically ill: a retrospective cohort study

Objectives This research aims to explore the association between serum osmolarity and mortality in patients who are critically ill with specific categories of disease. Design A retrospective cohort study. Setting and participants Data were extracted from an online database named ‘Multiparameter Intelligent Monitoring in Intensive Care II’. 16 598 patients were included. Methods Patients were divided into six disease subgroups based on the diagnosis at admission: cardiac, cerebral, vascular, gastrointestinal, respiratory and non-respiratory. The association between maximum osmolarity (osmolaritymax) and hospital mortality in each subgroup was evaluated using osmolaritymax as a design variable (six levels). Results Analysis of the 16 598 patients revealed a ‘U’-shaped relationship between osmolarity and mortality with a threshold of 300 mmoL/L. For patients with non-respiratory disease, both hypo-osmolarity and hyperosmolaritymax were associated with increased mortality, with the OR increasing from osmolaritymax level 3 (OR: 1.98, 95% CI 1.69 to 2.33, p<0.001) to level 6 (OR: 4.45, 95% CI 3.58 to 5.53, p<0.001), using level 2 (290–309 mmoL/L) as the reference group. For patients with respiratory disease, however, neither hypo-osmolarity nor hyperosmolaritymax was significantly associated with mortality (levels 1 to 5) except for extreme hyperosmolaritymax (≥340 mmoL/L, OR: 2.03, 95% CI 1.20 to 3.42, p=0.007). ORs of mortality in the other four subgroups (cardiac, cerebral, vascular, gastrointestinal) were similar, with OR progressively increasing from level 3 to 6. In all six subgroups, vasopressin use was consistently associated with increased mortality. Conclusions Hyperosmolarity is associated with increased mortality in patients who are critically ill with cardiac, cerebral, vascular and gastrointestinal admission diagnoses, with thresholds at 300 mmoL/L. For patients with respiratory disease, however, no significant association was detected.
Upscaling Tundra CO2 Exchange from Chamber to Eddy Covariance Tower

Abstract Extrapolating biosphere-atmosphere CO2 flux observations to larger scales in space, part of the so-called “upscaling” problem, is a central challenge for surface-atmosphere exchange research. Upscaling CO2 flux in tundra is complicated by the pronounced spatial variability of vegetation cover. We demonstrate that a simple model based on chamber observations with a pan-Arctic parameterization accurately describes up to 75% of the observed temporal variability of eddy covariance—measured net ecosystem exchange (NEE) during the growing season in an Abisko, Sweden, subarctic tundra ecosystem, and differed from NEE observations by less than 4% for the month of June. These results contrast with previous studies that found a 60% discrepancy between upscaled chamber and eddy covariance NEE sums. Sampling an aircraft-measured normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) map for leaf area index (L) estimates using a dynamic flux footprint model explained less of the variability of NEE across the late June to mid-September period, but resulted in a lower root mean squared error and better replicated large flux events. Findings suggest that ecosystem structure via L is a critical input for modeling CO2 flux in tundra during the growing season. Future research should focus on quantifying microclimate, namely photosynthetically active radiation and air temperature, as well as ecosystem structure via L, to accurately model growing season tundra CO2 flux at chamber and plot scales.
The Escherichia coli RutR transcription factor binds at targets within genes as well as intergenic regions

The Escherichia coli RutR protein is the master regulator of genes involved in pyrimidine catabolism. Here we have used chromatin immunoprecipitation in combination with DNA microarrays to measure the binding of RutR across the chromosome of exponentially growing E. coli cells. Twenty RutR-binding targets were identified and analysis of these targets generated a DNA consensus logo for RutR binding. Complementary in vitro binding assays showed high-affinity RutR binding to 16 of the 20 targets, with the four low-affinity RutR targets lacking predicted key binding determinants. Surprisingly, most of the DNA targets for RutR are located within coding segments of the genome and appear to have little or no effect on transcript levels in the conditions tested. This contrasts sharply with other E. coli transcription factors whose binding sites are primarily located in intergenic regions. We suggest that either RutR has yet undiscovered function or that evolution has been slow to eliminate non-functional DNA sites for RutR because they do not have an adverse effect on cell fitness.