Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effectiveness of Health Education Program on the Level of Knowledge and Attitude of Pregnant Women Regarding Obstetric Danger Signs in Upper Egypt

Background & Objective(s): The present study aimed to assess women’s knowledge and attitude towards ODS (obstetric danger signs) among pregnant women in Upper Egypt and improve women's knowledge through the implementation of an educational program. Methods: a quasi-experimental study was conducted among 300 pregnant women attending antenatal clinics. Data collection was done using structured questionnaires which were distributed to the participants during face to face interview with the researchers. An educational program was implemented to enhance women's knowledge of ODS. Data analysis was done using the SPSS program, version (24). Results: A total of 300 pregnant women were enrolled in the present study. Socio-demographic factors such as increased age, higher educational level, rural residence, and larger family size were shown to significantly influence knowledge about obstetric danger signs. Furthermore, antenatal and obstetric risk factors such as high parity, more number of antenatal visits, history of abortion or medical disease and previous exposure to ODS were shown to be significantly associated with more knowledge about ODS. Logistic regression analysis revealed that the significant predictors that influence the participants' knowledge were women's education and the number of antenatal visits. Most of the study participants had a positive attitude towards ODS (82.3%). The overall knowledge score was increased significantly after the implementation of the educational program from 9.4±4.97 to 27.93±4.4. Conclusion: The study revealed that most of the study participants had a positive attitude towards ODS. The implementation of an education program had a positive effect on increasing women's knowledge about ODS. Health care providers should educate the women about ODS during their antenatal visits as they are the primary source of women's knowledge.
Rapid and specific detection of verotoxin genes in Escherichia coli by the polymerase chain reaction

A set of four synthetic oligonucleotide probes derived from sequences of the VT1 (Shiga-like toxin I [SLT-I]) and VT2 (SLT-II) genes were used in a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification procedure to detect these genes in some enteric pathogens. A total of 40 verotoxin-producing Escherichia coli strains and 43 isolates of other recognized enteric pathogens were studied. PCR amplification products identifying the VT1 and VT2 gene sequences were observed only in nucleic acid extracted from strains found to be VT positive in traditional tissue culture assays. Template nucleic acid extracted from other gram-negative bacteria was found to be negative with the exception of five isolates of Shigella dysenteriae type 1 in which good amplification with the VT1 probe was observed. The oligonucleotide probes clearly distinguished VT1 and VT2 strains of E. coli and did not give specific amplification with nucleic acid from VTe (a SLT-II variant)-producing E. coli. VT1 or VT2 genes or both were not detected in E. coli K-12 strain C600 or HB101 or in strains known to express other virulence factors, such as enterotoxins, adhesins, hemolysins, or unrelated cytotoxins. The sensitivity of the PCR procedure for detection of both VT1 and VT2 genes was determined to be 1 ng of total nucleic acid. Furthermore, the VT1 gene was easily detected when only 100 pg of nucleic acid was used as the template in the PCR procedure.
Finding Our Voices, Singing Our Truths

A growing body of literature indicates that participation in singing groups has a range of health and wellbeing benefits for the general adult population and for various adult cohorts with specific challenges/needs. However, no research had been conducted on potential benefits of group singing for Autistic adults. Furthermore, the neurodiversity movement rejects a biomedical approach to autism and champions the need for supports that will empower individuals on the autism spectrum to participate in society on their own terms. This aligns well with community music therapy (CoMT) philosophy which maintains that all persons have a right to access and participate in music experiences that promote personal health and wellbeing as well as serve as an expression of individuality, culture, and community. Therefore, the present research investigated how quality of life (QoL) variables (considered as components/determinants of health and wellbeing) manifested for eight Autistic adults who participated in 12 group singing sessions. A mixed methods concurrent transformative design was used with priority given to qualitative data. Results illustrate how subdomains contained within overarching QoL domains of Being, Belonging, and Becoming were realized by the group participants. Limitations of the study as well as implications for practice and research are presented.
Photoinhibition of Photosynthesisin situin Six Species ofEucalyptus

Photoinhibition of photosynthesis was investigated in horizontally and vertically restrained leaves of Eucalyptus plants growing outdoors. This was done by measuring the quantum yield of PSII photochemistry, assayed by the ratio of variable to maximal fluorescence (FV/FM) after 15 min of dark adaptation, and the quantum yield of O2 evolution. On clear days, a time-dependent depression in both parameters was observed. Though horizontal leaves showed stronger photoinhibition (max. 40%) than did vertical leaves (max. 30%), this difference was smaller than the threefold difference in light interception. Since the inherent susceptibility to photoinhibition was the same in vertical and horizontal leaves, a non-linear light dependence of photoinhibition was assumed. The time course of recovery from photoinhibition under low light followed the kinetics of a first order reaction, with 50% recovery after 45 min. When watering was restricted on a hot and clear day a more severe photoinhibition developed in horizontal leaves, which took several days of low light to overcome. This photoinhibition state was triggered by high leaf temperatures, resulting from decreased stomatal conductance and transpiration, which sensitised the leaf to light.
Collecting Entailment Data for Pretraining: New Protocols and Negative Results

Natural language inference (NLI) data has proven useful in benchmarking and, especially, as pretraining data for tasks requiring language understanding. However, the crowdsourcing protocol that was used to collect this data has known issues and was not explicitly optimized for either of these purposes, so it is likely far from ideal. We propose four alternative protocols, each aimed at improving either the ease with which annotators can produce sound training examples or the quality and diversity of those examples. Using these alternatives and a fifth baseline protocol, we collect and compare five new 8.5k-example training sets. In evaluations focused on transfer learning applications, our results are solidly negative, with models trained on our baseline dataset yielding good transfer performance to downstream tasks, but none of our four new methods (nor the recent ANLI) showing any improvements over that baseline. In a small silver lining, we observe that all four new protocols, especially those where annotators edit pre-filled text boxes, reduce previously observed issues with annotation artifacts.
Influence of Stress on Cardiorespiratory Profile in an Urban Female Population of Reproductive Age Group

Background: The postmodern over-industrialized and highly competitive metropolitan culture has added up to stresses in human lives at many levels. Aims: To study the influence of stress on cardiovascular risk factors in an urban female population of reproductive age group. Materials and methods: The present longitudinal interventional double blinded randomized control trial was conducted on females of reproductive age group in a time span of 5years after taking institutional ethical clearance and informed consent of the subjects. Parameters recorded were Waist/ hip ratio, Body mass index (BMI), Pulse rate, Blood pressure (BP), Electrocardiogram (ECG), fasting blood sugar (FBS), Lipid profile, Pulmonary Function test (PFT), Perceived Stress levels, Presumptive Stressful Life Event Scale (PSLES) score. The subjects were grouped into two: Subjects with PSLES SCORES above 200(G1) and Subjects with PSLES Scores less than 200 but more than 40 (G2) with 1006 subjects in each group. All subjects were given a training of progressive muscle relaxation. Training involved tensing the specific muscle groups of body for 7-10 sec. , followed by releasing them for 15-20sec. The subjects were asked to practice this technique at home for 20 minutes every day for 3 months and come for follow up at regular intervals. All parameters were reevaluated. T test was used to analyze the data. Results: Subjects with higher stress scores were found to have more BMI, W/H ratio, dyslipidemia and altered autonomic functions and practice of PMR for 3 months caused significant improvement in nearly all health parameters assessed. Conclusions: Perceived stress may adversely affect cardiovascular respiratory profile and anthropometric parameters of healthy adult females of reproductive age group and regular practice of PMR may decrease perceived stress levels and help in modulating cardiorespiratory profile with decreasing future complications like diabetes, dyslipidemia, coronary artery disease, metabolic syndrome.
Distributions and interactions of insect herbivores as influences on host plant density and performance

ii PREFACE . iv TABLE OF CONTENTS . v LIST OF TABLES . ix LIST OF FIGURES . x ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS . xii CHAPTER ONE: GENERAL INTRODUCTION . 1 1.1 Why plants become invasive . 1 1.2 Application of the Enemy Release Hypothesis: Biological control . 2 1.2.1 Variation in levels of top-down control . 3 Plant damage, plant performance, plant fitness and plant population density. 4 Intrinsic factors . 5 Extrinsic factors . 8 1.3 Study system: Diffuse knapweed and its biological control agents . 10 1.4 Thesis objectives and overview . 13 CHAPTER TWO: RESOURCE CONCENTRATION BY INSECTS & IMPLICATIONS FOR PLANT POPULATIONS . 17 2.1 Summary . 17 2.2 Introduction . 18 2.3 Methods . 20 2.3. 1 Model details . 20 Plant populations . 20 Insect distribution in relation to plant patch size . 21 Insect reproduction and damage to plants . 23 Output . 25 2.3. 2. Observational study . 26 Study system & sites . 26 Density measurements . 27
Measuring the Effects of Temperature on Optical Propagation in Heated Tissues Using Point Radiance Spectroscopy

Laser interstitial thermal therapy (LITT) is a minimally invasive therapy in which light is delivered using optical fibers inserted into tissue to treat malignant tumours. Heating tissue above 55°C causes tissue coagulation, creating non-viable tissue. Previous work has demonstrated that radiance measurements are sensitive to heat-induced changes in tissue optical properties. This study investigates the use of radiance measurements to differentiate permanent temperature-induced changes in optical propagation, which reflect thermal damage, from any transient changes in optical propagation. Experiments in water using our white-light point radiance spectroscopy (PRS) technique demonstrate that PRS is sensitive to detect optical absorption and temperature-dependence in the optical absorption of water, and a change in the acceptance cone with temperature. Experimental results using PRS in heated ex vivo porcine tissue show that the optical signal mainly represents permanent thermal damage and only a small part of the signal represent a temperature-dependent change due to water.
Temporal Context Aggregation for Video Retrieval with Contrastive Learning

The current research focus on Content-Based Video Retrieval requires higher-level video representation describing the long-range semantic dependencies of relevant incidents, events, etc. However, existing methods commonly process the frames of a video as individual images or short clips, making the modeling of long-range semantic dependencies difficult. In this paper, we propose TCA (Temporal Context Aggregation for Video Retrieval), a video representation learning framework that incorporates longrange temporal information between frame-level features using the self-attention mechanism. To train it on video retrieval datasets, we propose a supervised contrastive learning method that performs automatic hard negative mining and utilizes the memory bank mechanism to increase the capacity of negative samples. Extensive experiments are conducted on multiple video retrieval tasks, such as CC WEB VIDEO, FIVR-200K, and EVVE. The proposed method shows a significant performance advantage (∼ 17% mAP on FIVR-200K) over state-of-the-art methods with video-level features, and deliver competitive results with 22x faster inference time comparing with frame-level features.
Determination of Major Carotenoid Constituents in Petal Extracts of Eight Selected Flowering Plants in the North of Thailand

The composition and concentration of carotenoids in fresh and dried petal extracts of selected flowers from four families Compositae, Bignoniaceae, Apocynaceae and Cannaceae, were separated and quantified by high performance liquid chromatography with photodiode array detection. The major carotenoids were identified and quantified by comparison with standard carotenoids. There are significant differences in the distribution percentages of the various carotenoid components depending on the color, nature, and particular variety of selected flowers. The highest amount of total carotenoids within this study was found in the family Compositae, especially in Tagetes erecta, Melampodium divaricatum and Cosmos bipinnatus, respectively. Six major carotenoids, b-carotene, b-cryptoxanthin, neoxanthin, lutein, violaxanthin, and zeaxanthin were found in some selected flowers. Lutein was found to be the main carotenoid component. It was presented in the largest amount in fresh and dried petal extracts in family Compositae, especially in the petal extract of T. erecta (83% and 88% w/w of total carotenoids in fresh and dried extracts), M. divaricatum (76% w/w of total carotenoids in both fresh and dried extracts) and C. bipinnatus (77% w/w of total carotenoids in both fresh and dried extracts). M. divaricatum and C. bipinnatus were found to be as potentially good and new alternative sources of carotenoids for the food industry.
General neural mechanisms can account for rising slope preference in localization of ambiguous sounds

Sound localization in reverberant environments is a difficult task that human listeners perform effortlessly. Many neural mechanisms have been proposed to account for this behavior. Generally they rely on emphasizing localization information at the onset of the incoming sound while discarding localization cues that arrive later. We modelled several of these mechanisms using neural circuits commonly found in the brain and tested their performance in the context of experiments showing that, in the dominant frequency region for sound localisation, we have a preference for auditory cues arriving during the rising slope of the sound energy (Dietz et al., 2013). We found that both single cell mechanisms (onset and adaptation) and population mechanisms (lateral inhibition) were easily able to reproduce the results across a very wide range of parameter settings. This suggests that sound localization in reverberant environments may not require specialised mechanisms specific to perform that task, but could instead rely on common neural circuits in the brain. This would allow for the possibility of individual differences in learnt strategies or neuronal parameters. This research is fully reproducible, and we made our code available to edit and run online via interactive live notebooks.
Effects of Air Humidity on the Photosynthetic Rate in the Leaf of the Rice Plant

It was suggested in the previous paper that the increase of photosynthetic rate owing to higher nitrogen content appears remarkably in case with little water stress, and that the decrease of photosynthetic rate due to the decrease of water absorption appears remarkably under the condition which brings on intense transpiration. The present study was conducted to ascertain the suggestion by investigating the effects of humidity or leaf-air vapour pressure deficit (LAVPD) on the photosynthetic rate of leaves in rice plants under different conditions. Transpiration rate increased with the increase of LAVPD and was practically constant under the condition of more than 11 mmHg LAVPD, while photosynthetic rate, diffusive conductance and photosynthetic rate/transpiration rate ratio (water use efficiency) decreased with the increase of LAVPD (Fig. 3). Photosynthetic rate of leaves with higher nitrogen was much higher in smaller LAVPD, but it was not so much different due to nitrogen content in larger LAVPD because the depression rate of photosynthetic rate was higher in leaves with higher nitrogen content (Figs. 1 and 4). Leaf nitrogen content was more effective for increasing photosynthetic rate in smaller LAVPD (Fig. 7). In rice plants with low root activity induced by application of soluble starch with additional ammonium sulfate to soil, and with low root-top ratio induced by shading and high humidity, the photosynthetic rate decreased severely with the increase of LAVPD (Figs. 5 and 6). From these results it can be considered that the increase of leaf nitrogen content is not sufficient for increasing photosynthetic rate in a day, and that in addition to the increase of leaf nitrogen content the increase of root activity and the promotion of root system development by improving soil condition of root zone are essential for increasing the daily total of photosynthesis (Fig. 8).
Awe of Intangible Cultural Heritage: The Perspective of ICH Tourists

Emotion is an important motivation and experience for tourists, and awe is one of the most anticipated emotional experiences in the travel sector. Previous studies of awe have focused on the natural environment and cultural landscapes, but little research has been conducted on awe in relation to intangible cultural heritage. The current study constructs a research framework that explores the relationship between involvement, experience quality, and loyalty. We adopted a self-administered questionnaire to survey visitors who engaged with the beliefs and customs associated with the sea goddess Mazu on Meizhou Island, China. A total of 450 questionnaires were distributed, and 393 valid questionnaires were returned. Through analysis of the response data, we established that awe is an outcome variable of involvement and experience quality, as well as an antecedent variable of loyalty. Moreover, our findings verify the mediating role of awe between involvement and loyalty, and between experience quality and loyalty. In addition, through a multigroup analysis of male and female tourists, we found a significant difference in the influence of awe on loyalty between the genders. This study is the first to examine awe in relation to intangible cultural heritage, and its findings have valuable practical implications.
Memory and Trauma: Soldier Victims in the Colombian Armed Conflict

The Colombian government signed a revised version of the Havana Peace Deal with the country’s main guerrilla group, Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC), in November 2016, giving rise to a set of new opportunities and challenges for the South American nation. Societies that make the transition from conflict to peace need to seek truth, justice, and reparation concerning massive and systematic violations. Thus truth, history, and historical memory (HM) are central to reconciliation and play a key role in fulfilling the national and international obligations of the state. HM in Colombia has emerged mainly from the voices of victims, generating a narrative of events in which the discourses of members of the Armed Forces has, by and large, tended either to be out of place, or is regarded as the perpetrators’ account. Military personnel have usually been perceived to be offenders or perpetrators; finding the “truth” based on narratives of traumatic events is complex. This research contributes to the debate on HM in Colombia and the right to truth, exploring the narratives and emotions of traumatized soldiers who suffered permanent physical injuries, and presenting the results of an interdisciplinary project conducted via a series of in-depth interviews. It brought to light important accounts and deeply negative feelings toward the perpetrators of violence and the government, but also mixed feelings about the institution of the military that soldier victims continue to harbor.
Three-dimensional multiscale discrete Radon and John transforms

Abstract. Two algorithms are introduced for the computation of discrete integral transforms with a multiscale approach operating in discrete three-dimensional (3-D) volumes while considering its real-time implementation. The first algorithm, referred to as 3-D discrete Radon transform of planes, will compute the summation set of values lying in discrete planes in a cube that imitates, in discrete data, the integrals on two-dimensional planes in a 3-D volume similar to the continuous Radon transform. The normals of these planes, equispaced in ascents, cover a quadrilateralized hemisphere and comprise 12 dodecants. The second proposed algorithm, referred to as the 3-D discrete John transform of lines, will sum elements lying on discrete 3-D lines while imitating the behavior of the John or x-ray continuous transform on 3-D volumes. These discrete integral transforms do not perform interpolation on input or intermediate data, and they can be computed using only integer arithmetic with linearithmic complexity, thus outperforming the methods based on the Fourier slice-projection theorem for real-time applications. We briefly prove that these transforms have fast inversion algorithms that are exact for discrete inputs.
“They Like to Hear My Voice”: Exploring Usage Behavior in Speech-Based Mobile Instant Messaging

Adoption and use of smartphone-based asynchronous voice messaging has increased substantially in recent years. However, this communication channel has a strong tendency to polarize. To provide an understanding of this modality, we started by conducting an online survey (n=1,003) exploring who is using voice messages, their motives, and utilization. In a consecutive field study (n=6), we analyzed voice messaging behavior of six avid voice message users in a two-week field study, followed by semi-structured interviews further exploring themes uncovered in our survey. Conducting a thematic analysis, we identified four themes driving voice messaging usage: convenience, para-linguistic features, situational constraints and the receiver. Voice messaging helps to overcome issues of mobile communication, through ease of use, asynchronous implementation, and voices’ rich emotional context. It also was perceived as enabling more efficient communication, helps to handle secondary occupations, and better facilitates maintenance of close relationships. Despite the increased effort required to listen to a voice message, they complement communication with people we care about.