Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of genetic parameters and clonal selection of Eucalyptus in the Cerrado region

Eucalyptus plantations in Brazil are expanding toward the northern and mid-western regions of the country. The objective of the present study was to select clones adapted to the local conditions, with a focus on the Cerrado region. Three clonal experiments were conducted in the municipalities of Catalão, Corumbá-de-Goiás, and Luziânia, in Goiás State, with 109 genotypes of eucalypts. The experimental design consisted of a randomized complete block design with single-tree plots and 29 blocks. Diameter at breast height and total height of all trees were measured four years after planting, for use in the estimation of wood volume for each genotype. The genotype × environmental interaction was significant and predominantly (74%) complex. The genotypic correlation among environments was moderate (< 0.47), indicating that clones should be selected for specific sites. However, some clones performed relatively well across all environments, such as clones CCL21, CCL30, AEC144, CCL07, and CCL35.
In Situ Electrochemical Studies of the Terrestrial Deep Subsurface Biosphere at the Sanford Underground Research Facility, South Dakota, USA

The terrestrial deep subsurface is host to significant and diverse microbial populations. However, these microbial populations remain poorly characterized, partially due to the inherent difficulty of sampling, in situ studies, and isolating of the in situ microbes. Motivated by the ability of microbes to gain energy from redox reactions at mineral interfaces, we here present in situ electrochemical colonization (ISEC) as a method to directly study microbial electron transfer activity and to enable the capture and isolation of electrochemically active microbes. We installed a potentiostatically controlled ISEC reactor containing four working electrodes 1500 m below the surface at the Sanford Underground Research Facility. The working electrodes were poised at different redox potentials, spanning anodic to cathodic, to mimic energy-yielding mineral reducing and oxidizing reactions predicted to occur at this site. We present a 16S rRNA analysis of the in situ electrode-associated microbial communities, revealing the dominance of novel bacterial lineages under cathodic conditions. We also demonstrate that the in situ electrodes can be further used for downstream electrochemical laboratory enrichment and isolation of novel strains. Using this workflow, we isolated Bacillus, Anaerospora, Comamonas, Cupriavidus, and Azonexus strains from the electrode-attached biomass. Finally, the extracellular electron transfer activity of the electrode-oxidizing Comamonas strain (isolated at −0.19 V vs. SHE and designated WE1-1D1) and the electrode-reducing Bacillus strain (isolated at +0.53 V vs. SHE and designated WE4-1A1-BC) were confirmed in electrochemical reactors. Our study highlights the utility of in situ electrodes and electrochemical enrichment workflows to shed light on microbial activity in the deep terrestrial subsurface. SIGNIFICANCE A large section of microbial life resides in the deep subsurface, but an organized effort to explore this deep biosphere has only recently begun. A detailed characterization of the resident microbes remains scientifically and technologically challenging due to difficulty in access, sampling, and emulating the complex interactions and energetic landscapes of subsurface communities with standard laboratory techniques. Here we describe an in situ approach that exploits the ability of many microbes to perform extracellular electron transfer to/from solid surfaces such as mineral interfaces in the terrestrial subsurface. By deploying and controlling the potential of in situ electrodes 4850 ft below the surface at the Sanford Underground Research Facility (South Dakota, USA), we highlight the promise of electrochemical techniques for studying active terrestrial subsurface microbial communities and enabling the isolation of electrochemically active microbes.
COMPARISON OF LABOUR LAWS IN DIFFERENT COUNTRIES

A systematic review of literature was done to compare the labour laws of different countries. Two major theories were noticed. One theory contends that strict labour protection laws and their enforcement will hamper economic growth of the country, with or without impact on employment. So, they argue for complete deregulation and even a universal labour laws across countries to enable transnational corporates operate in different countries. In USA and UK, privatisation and entrusting regulation to themselves are followed. The level of protection of labour laws in these countries is low. Their economic growth has now been matched or overtaken by China and Brazil with stricter laws for protection of labour rights. This trend was evident by comparing these four countries based on both ILO framework and CBR framework. Thus, the argument that economic growth will be impeded in countries with high level of rights protection is contested. The alternative theory that such protection does not negatively impact economic growth is supported by the findings of this analysis.
Phylogenetic relationships of native Turkish cattle breeds using microsatellite markers

A total of 20 microsatellite DNA markers were used for genetic characterization and determination of phylogenetic relationships of native cattle breeds of Turkey, including the Anatolian Grey (AG), Anatolian Black (AB), South Anatolian Red (SAR), East Anatolian Red (EAR), Southern Anatolian Yellow (SAY), and Zavot (ZAV). DNA samples were isolated from 271 blood samples using an organic method. Amplified polymerase chain reaction products were separated by capillary electrophoresis and genotypes were determined for 20 microsatellites. A total of 269 different alleles were determined. The lowest (7.80) and highest (10.80) mean allele numbers were observed for the ZAV and SAY populations, respectively. TGLA122 was the most polymorphic locus; however, only 7 different alleles were observed for INRA005. A total of 40 different private alleles were determined. The general FIS values were between 0.034 and 0.123. Due to the close location to the domestication center, higher genetic diversities were observed. The observed genetic diversities and the results of the phylogenetic analyses were in agreement with evolutionary history and the geographical origins of Turkish native cattle breeds.
Colour variability of beef in young bulls from fifteen European breeds

The objective of this study was to determine the variation of the colour of longissimus thoracis muscle within and among fifteen European cattle breeds reared under comparable management conditions. A total of 436 unrelated purebred young bulls from fifteen European breeds (Aberdeen Angus, Highland, Jersey, South Devon, Danish Red, Holstein, Simmental, Asturiana de las Montanas (also known as Casina), Asturiana de los Valles, Avilena‐Negra Iberica, Pirenaica, Marchigiana, Piemontese, Charolais and Limousin) were reared in five experimental research centres in the United Kingdom, Denmark, Spain, Italy and France. The pH of M. longissimus thoracis was measured at 24 h and after 10 days of ageing and colour at 48 h and 10 days. Two generalised linear models, Pearson correlations and a hierarchical cluster analyses were carried out. Lean meat colour differed significantly between breeds, and these fifteen European breeds could be grouped according to four classes of commercial interest: ‘very bright and pale‐red’, ‘bright and pale’, ‘red’ and ‘dark and dull red’. These groups were partially related to body size and carcass traits, fatness and muscle development and structure, and were controlled by differences in gene expression within each breed.
Development of Forestry Species Inoculated with Trichoderma spp. Fertilized with Rock Phosphate

The study aimed to determine the effects of inoculation of Trichoderma spp. on the development and extraction of nutrients from Eugenia pyriformis Cambess. (uvaieira) and Myrcianthes punges (O.Berg.) (guabiju) subjected to fertilization with rock phosphate. The treatments used at planting were: Control; Trichonat PM; Trichoderma sp. FS1; Rock phosphate; Trichonat PM + Rock phosphate; and Trichoderma sp. FS1 + Rock Phosphate. The following characteristics were evaluated at 540 days after planting: plant height, crown diameter, branch insertion points, biomass, and nutrient content. The uvaieiras inoculated with Trichonat PM and Thrichoderma spp. showed higher vegetative growth and higher values of N, P, K, Ca, Mg and S, respectively. For guabijuzeiros, the treatment with Trichoderma spp. presented the highest insertion point of the branches without phosphorus fertilization However, the treatments did not affect nutrient extraction. Thus, Trichoderma spp. inoculants have the potential to promote vegetative growth and nutrient extraction in plants.
Redroot pigweed interference with lettuce crop

Background: Lettuce-production areas in Brazil are frequently infested by pigweed plants, which can interfere with production by competing for resources or releasing allelopathic compounds in the environment. Objective: The present study evaluated the effect of redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus) density and distribution on lettuce crop (Lactuca sativa L.). Methods: The cultivars Lídia, Verônica, Lucy Brown and Salad Bowl were used. After transplanting, these plants coexisted until harvest with four pigweed plants (equivalent to 16 plants m-2) located within or outside planting rows, or with one pigweed plant located at the center of the plot (4 plants m-2), as well as a control without weed. The experiment was conducted in an open and semi-controlled area, with treatments arranged in a 4x4 factorial scheme, in a completely randomized experimental design with three replicates. Evaluations included: the number of leaves, fresh matter (lettuce only), height, leaf area and dry matter of lettuce and redroot pigweed plants. Results: The coexistence with redroot pigweed caused yield losses of up to 45% for cultivar Lídia; 41% for Salad Bowl; 33% for Verônica; and 28% for Lucy Brown. Conclusions: The density of 16 plants m-2 of redroot pigweed was the one that most negatively affected the growth of the cultivars, in which the positioning in the planting lines resulted in greater interference to the crop growth. Among the cultivars tested, Lucy Brown showed greater tolerance to coexistence with redroot pigweed plants, while the cultivar Lídia was the most sensitive to the imposed interference.
Isolation of a Lactobacillus strain from aguamiel and preliminary characterization of its antimicrobial components

The aim of the study was to characterize the antimicrobial components of Lactobacillus paracasei KSI. In the study, a L. paracasei KSI strain was isolated and identified from aguamiel using a 16S rRNA, hsp, recA and rpoBgenes sequencing. The antimicrobial capacity of the L. paracasei strain KSI was determined by agar double layer diffusion technique, while the antagonistic activity of the cell-free extract (E-KSI) was evaluated by agar well diffusion method against different bacterial strains; it demonstrated a wide spectrum of inhibition. Likewise, E-KSI showed stability at different temperatures and digestive enzymes; its activity was lost at pH>5. Subsequently, E-KSI was concentrated (10x) by evaporation increasing its antagonistic effect. Antagonism tests by thin-layer chromatography (TLC)–bioautography of the E-KSI 10x showed the presence of more than one active substances different from lactic acid, possibly of the bacteriocin type. Some of these substances were recovered by extractions with ethyl ether, ethyl acetate and n-butanol respectively. Finally, we evaluated them using antagonism tests by minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and microdilution. L. paracaseistrain KSI generates substances with antibacterial activity having a wide spectrum of inhibition; it is a promising alternative to future biotechnological applications. The strain of L. paracasei KSI as well as the antimicrobial components that it generates has important antagonistic properties, making them an interesting biotechnological alternative to be used as probiotic or a safe functional food. Key words: Lactobacillus, antimicrobials, probiotics, biotechnology, food safety.
The insecticidal activity of some plant-seeds extracts against two coleopteran pest Granary Weevils Sitophilus Granarius (Linnaeus.) and the Lesser Grain Borer Rhyzopertha Dominica (Fabricius)

Acetone and petroleum ether seed extracts of fennel [Foeniclum vulgare, Apiaceae] and arugula seeds [Eruca vesicaria, Brassicaceae] were tested for their contact and stomach poison activity on adults the granary weevil Sitophilus granarius Linnaeus. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) and lesser grain borer Rhyzopertha dominica Fabricius. (Coleoptera: Bostrochidae). The results revealed that, percentage of mortality increased with increasing the concentration of different extracts and exposure time. Extracts of arugula seeds of petroleum ether and acetone gave higher mortality percent compared with the extracts from fennel seeds. Petroleum ether and acetone extract of arugula seeds was founded to be the higher effect on the two species insect than the fennel seeds extracts. The LC50 of arugula seed extracts of petroleum ether and acetone ranged from 0.722, 0.620, 0.622 and 0.475 ml/ kg after 5 days treatment against R. dominica and S. granarius, respectively. On the other hand, these values of fennel seeds extract ranged from 1.331, 0.798, 1.093 and 0.662 for R. dominica and S. granarius, Respectively. While the higher concentration 1.5 and 2 % (W/V) give complete mortality at two extracts against two insects. The petroleum ether of fennel seeds extract with R. dominica give 73.3 and 83.3 % after 14 days treatment. The inhibition rates in the reduction of the first generation (F1-progeny) of R. dominica and S. granarius adults in grains treated with various extracts were higher than mortality at all concentrations to all extract.
Retrospective identification of bacterial depository revealed that Streptococcus iniae was responsible for some of the streptococcosis cases in cultured red tilapia in Malaysia since 2006.

This paper reports the identification of Streptococcus iniae from a large collection of isolates previously identified as Streptococcus sp. , Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis or Leuconostoc sp. A total of 204 bacterial isolates recovered either from the brain, eye, or kidney of red tilapias in previous disease outbreaks and disease monitoring in Malaysia from 2006 to 2008 were used. PCR identification revealed that 34 (16.7%) of the isolates were confirmed as S. iniae. Our records showed that S. iniae-infected fish exhibited lethargy, exophthalmia, and erratic swimming patterns. Pathological lesions including generalised congestion of the internal organs, splenic infarction with soft and oedematous brain. Histopathological examination revealed multifocal encephalitis as one of the major findings. However, 44% and 26.5% of the tilapias from which S. iniae was isolated did not manifest any clinical sign and pathological lesion, respectively. This study revealed that S. iniae was responsible for streptococcosis in cultured red tilapia in Malaysia since 2006.
Nurses' experiences on self-protection when caring for COVID-19 patients

Background and Aim: COVID-19 as a pandemic disease caused many deaths across the world and imposed considerable pressure on health care systems as well as healthcare providers This study was conducted to clarify the elements and dimensions of experiences among nurses when caring for COVID-19 patients Methods: This qualitative study was performed using the content analysis method in 16 nursing staffs that were responsible for caring for patients with COVID-19 selected by purposive sampling in April 2020 Deep semi-structured interviews in experimentation format was used to collect data All interviews were recorded and typed in the MAXQDA software and then analyzed by eight steps including writing interviews, determining the semantic units, text coding, matching codes with text, categorizing and developing categories, reviewing the categories, identifying the subthemes and reporting the findings Results: Overall, 223 codes were extracted from the interviews and after the integration of similarities three key themes including personal protection, structural protection and safety problems were obtained indicating participants' experiences on self-protection when Conclusion: Themes such as personal protection, structural protection and safety problems are the most important concerns raised when nurses caring for COVID-19 patients and should be considered when planning to protect nursing health © 2020 Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences All rights reserved
Effects of filtration process on the minor constituents and oxidative stability of virgin olive oil during 24 months storage time

In this study, effects of filtration and storage time on the chemical composition and sensory profile of the virgin olive oil extracted from a local olive cultivar known as Saurani grown in Hatay province of Turkey were determined. Before storing both filtered (F) and unfiltered (UF) samples were categorized as virgin olive oil (VOO) according to the International Olive Council (IOC) standards. The main characteristics of Saurani olive oils were: a mid-oleic acid (69.3%), low linoleic acid (7.7%) and high linolenic (0.85%) acid contents with high total phenolic content (522.34 ppm as gallic acid). Monitoring of stored samples for 24 months revealed significant differences between F and UF olive oils in terms of free acidity and peroxide values, and filtered oils appeared to be better protected against hydrolysis and oxidative deterioration. Free fatty acidity of F and UF olive oil samples which were initially 0.4% and reached to 0.9% after 23 and 11 months’ storage respectively. Peroxide values of the F and UF olive oil samples were exceeded the limit of IOC standard (20 mEq oxygen/kg oil) after ten and three months, respectively. Total phenol contents were higher in UF samples and their contents decreased with storing. Luteolin was the most abundant phenolic compound and tyrosol contents of both F and UF samples reached maximum values in the ninth month of storage. It seemed filtration had no detectable effect on tocopherols contents and about 50% of α-tocopherol destroyed after 24 months’ storage.
Integrated Effect of Metal Accumulation, Oxidative Stress Responses and DNA Damage in Venerupis Decussata Gills Collected From Two Coast Tunisian Lagoons

The bivalve Venerupis decussata has been proposed as a sentinel species for assessment of lagoon water. Our study aimed to evaluate the spatial and temporal variation of oxidative stress biomarkers, metal content and DNA damage in Venerupis decussata digestive gland collected seasonally from contaminated (BOUGHRARA “L2”) and comparatively cleaner ( GHAR EL MELH “L1”) lagoons. Trace metal contents (Cu, Pb and Cd) in Venerupis decussata collected at polluted site were 1-2 folds higher compared to the control site and showed maximum variation especially during summer and spring seasons. The current findings indicate a seasonal increase of malondialdehyde (MDA), protein carbonyl (PCO), glutathione (GSH) and metallothioneins (MT) levels in relation to trace element accumulation in Venerupis decussata digestive gland from BOUGHRARA sampling lagoon compared to those from GHAR EL MELH. We found an increase in glutathione-S-transfers (GST) and glutathione peroxides (GPx) activities in clams collected from BOUGHRARA lagoon. A random DNA degradation was observed mostly in digestive gland from the polluted site. The principal component examination of the physiological parameters showed a clear separation between Venerupis decussata collected from the polluted lagoon (L2) and those from the clean one (L1). Our study delivers basic information on the toxicological effects of environmental pollutants in clam through the combination of metabolic and physiological methodologies.
Being and Becoming in Nature: Defining and Measuring Connection to Nature in Young Children.

This paper examines the meaning, assessment, and development of connection to nature (C2N) in two- to five-year-old children. It grows out of a Connection to Nature Workshop organized by the University of Florida, Stanford University, the North American Association for Environmental Education, and the Children and Nature Network to evaluate instruments that measure C2N. Defining and measuring C2N in young children emerged as a current research gap. The workshop was followed by the formation of an Expert Advisory Panel on Early Childhood Nature Connection to address this need. Through semi-structured interviews and narrative responses to a survey, panel participants provided insight on early childhood connection to nature and reviewed existing measures of nature connection for this age group. This paper presents a synthesis of panel ideas. One outcome of the analysis was a detailed description of C2N, highlighting the importance of both quantity and quality of time in nature. Quality time in nature includes opportunities for self-directed exploration, multisensory engagement with nature places, the presence of animals, and the supportive influence of peers and adults. Research implications include recommendations for mixed-method assessment strategies for young children as well as the importance of access to nature for all children. with nature through movement and all their senses, then opportunities for C2N to develop increase. Our results indicate that connectedness is, in part, dependent upon whether or not children have opportunities to explore nature on their own terms, interest driven
Mixed dermatophytic infections: a learning perspective and report of ten cases

Background: Isolation of two or more than two pathogenic fungi from the same body site in a patient is considered as a rare entity and very few cases have been reported in literature. These types of infections are called as mixed/ combined fungal infections. Author are enumerating ten cases of superficial mycoses in which two different dermatophytes were grown from the same focus.Methods: From clinically suspected cases of dermatophytosis, skin and hair samples were collected from the affected sites and examined by standard mycological procedures. Microscopy was done by using 10% KOH wet mount. Culture was put on Sabouraud’s dextrose agar with cyclohexamide medium. Growth was identified by lactophenol cotton blue mount.Results: Mixed dermatophytes were obtained from tinea corporis (five cases), tinea capitis (four cases) and tinea cruris (one case) patients. Fungal combinations from given cases involved two different species of genus Trichophyton which were as follows: T. violaceum+T. tonsurans, T. verrucosum+T. tonsurans, T. violaceum (violet) and T. violaceum (white), T. mentagrophytes+T. Violaceum, T. rubrum+T. tonsurans, T. violaceum+T. rubrum, T. rubrum+T. mentagrophytes, T. verrucosum+T. mentagrophytes, T. mentagrophytes+T. tonsurans, Malassezia+T. mentagrophytes.Conclusions: Inspite of the frequent occurrence of dermatophytic infections worldwide, reports on mixed dermatophytes are very few. With proper sample collection and proper identification procedures, more cases can be identified and added to the existing literature.