Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effects of anisotropy, aspect ratio, and nonstraightness of carbon nanotubes on thermal conductivity of carbon nanotube composites

Simple models for the thermal conductivity enhancements in carbon nanotube (CNT) composites are presented as analytical functions of volume fraction, anisotropic thermal conductivities, aspect ratio, nonstraightness, and interfacial thermal resistance of the CNTs. The model predictions agree very well with the measured thermal conductivities of CNT composites available in the literature. It is shown that using CNTs with higher aspect and straightness ratios is an efficient means to get much better thermal conductivity enhancements for CNT composites. The models are further extended to account the effects of either the random or aligned orientation of CNTs and the interaction among CNTs on thermal conductivity of CNT composites.
Mission Specification Patterns for Mobile Robots: Providing Support for Quantitative Properties

With many applications across domains as diverse as logistics, healthcare, and agriculture, service robots are in increasingly high demand. Nevertheless, the designers of these robots often struggle with specifying their tasks in a way that is both human-understandable and sufficiently precise to enable automated verification and planning of robotic missions. Recent research has addressed this problem for the functional aspects of robotic missions through the use of mission specification patterns. These patterns support the definition of robotic missions involving, for instance, the patrolling of a perimeter, the avoidance of unsafe locations within an area, or reacting to specific events. Our article introduces a catalog of QUantitAtive RoboTic mission spEcificaTion patterns (QUARTET) that tackles the complementary and equally important challenge of specifying the reliability, performance, resource usage, and other key quantitative properties of robotic missions. Identified using a methodology that included the analysis of 73 research papers published in 17 leading software engineering and robotics venues between 2014–2021, our 22 QUARTET patterns are defined in a tool-supported domain-specific language. As such, QUARTET enables: (i) the precise definition of quantitative robotic-mission requirements and (ii) the translation of these requirements into probabilistic reward computation tree logic (PRCTL), supporting their formal verification and automated planning of robotic missions. We demonstrate the applicability of QUARTET by showing that it supports the specification of over 95% of the quantitative robotic mission requirements from a systematically selected set of recent research papers, of which 75% can be automatically translated into PRCTL for the purposes of verification through model checking and mission planning.
Crowding Types and Price Dynamics in Tourism Destinations Choice

This article analyzes how the preferences of tourists for types of resorts, crowding types of tourists, and the pricing strategies of the resorts interact to determine the occupancy rate, price, and distribution of welfare in the market of resorts. The model captures the process of acquisition of information of the consumers for making the choice of resorts and a dynamic strategy adopted by the resorts to manage their revenue. After describing the difficulties to introduce an analytical description of the model, an agent-based model (ABM) is presented to explore the properties of the market. The study shows that crowding types of tourists in destinations together with a very simple revenue management heuristic can produce counterintuitive results affecting the distribution of surplus in the markets. When all the managers in a market overreact by raising prices as consequence of a high occupancy rate, they appropriate a larger portion of the surplus of the market. When managers are risk-averse and rapidly reduce prices when occupancy is low, they deliver more welfare to tourists.
It's All about My Mother [Language]: The Effect of Mother Language on Spoken Errors Made by EFL Arab Students

There is a paucity of empirical research documenting the errors made by Arab learners, specifically those enrolled in higher education, when acquiring spoken English. The current study examined the most common types of verbal errors made by 20 Arab tertiary students of English in Israel. Data were collected based on in-class oral presentations made by first-year students and observations of English lessons taught by third-year students. The most frequent errors were classified into three main categories: (a) grammar and syntax, (b) pronunciation, and (c) vocabulary choice. Errors were documented by the researchers, who also served as course instructors/mentors. A significant number of errors (1050) were documented in the delivery of the presentations and lessons. Analysis of the results suggest that the documented errors are largely attributable to L1 interference (interlingual causes), although some derive from challenges inherent to English itself (intralingual). The importance of this study is that it clarifies the difficulties Israeli Arab learners face while speaking English as a foreign language, which can cast light on potential remedies.
A numerical study of radiation fog with an explicit formulation of the microphysics

A model of radiation fog is described containing an explicit formulation of the microphysics of the condensation process. The coupling between the radiative and microphysical processes within the model means that apart from the specification of the turbulence and CCN spectrum it is deterministic. Results are presented which indicated that: (i) The drop-size distribution is sensitive to the CCN concentration but not to the presence of large CCN. (ii) Radiative loss from the drops can have a significant effect upon their growth. (iii) The drop-size distribution is very sensitive to reductions in the condensation coefficient to a value below 0.033. Differences between observed and model drop-size distributions are attributed to an underestimate in the model of the level of mixing within a mature fog.
Periodic Heat Transfer in Convective Fins Based on Dual-Phase-Lag Theory

Heat transfer enhancement through extended surfaces is crucial in modern engineering applications such as microelectromechanical systems and electronic components. Conduction heat transfer is the only way to achieve this objective when the mixing augmentation is not possible. This paper investigates the effects of non-Fourier thermal conduction in convective straight fins with arbitrary constant cross section under periodic boundary conditions by introducing the exact analytical solution for the dual-phase-lag heat conduction. The corresponding analytical approach is developed through the Laplace transform method and inversion theorem. To help advance the understanding of fin thermophysical behavior, a generalized model of conduction heat transfer equation is used for studying all of the interpretations to Fourier-based model, namely, parabolic thermal diffusion, hyperbolic thermal wave, and dual-phase-lag models. Heat flux and temperature gradient relaxation times are the characteristics of the dual-phas.
The Evolution and Explosion of Massive Stars. II. Explosive Hydrodynamics and Nucleosynthesis

The nucleosynthetic yield of isotopes lighter than A = 66 (zinc) is determined for a grid of stellar masses and metallicities including stars of 11, 12, 13, 15, 18, 19, 20, 22, 25, 30, 35, and 40 M{sub {circle_dot}} and metallicities Z = 0, 10{sup {minus}4}, 0.01, 0.1, and 1 times solar (a slightly reduced mass grid is employed for non-solar metallicities). Altogether 78 different model supernova explosions are calculated. In each case nucleosynthesis has already been determined for 200 isotopes in each of 600 to 1200 zones of the presupernova star, including the effects of time dependent convection. Here each star is exploded using a piston to give a specified final kinetic energy at infinity (typically 1.2 {times} 10{sup 51} erg), and the explosive modifications to the nucleosynthesis, including the effects of neutrino irradiation, determined. A single value of the critical {sup 12}C({sub {alpha},{gamma}}){sup 16}O reaction rate corresponding to S(300 keV) = 170 keV barns is used in all calculations. The synthesis of each isotope is discussed along with its sensitivity to model parameters. In each case, the final mass of the collapsed remnant is also determined and often found not to correspond to the location of the pistonmore » (typically the edge of the iron core), but to a ``mass cut`` farther out. This mass cut is sensitive not only to the explosion energy, but also to the presupernova structure, stellar mass, and the metallicity. Unless the explosion mechanism, for unknown reasons, provides a much larger characteristic energy in more massive stars, it appears likely that stars larger than about 30 M{sub {center_dot}} will experience considerable reimplosion of heavy elements following the initial launch of a successful shock. While such explosions will produce a viable, bright Type II supernova light curve, lacking the radioactive tail, they will have dramatically reduced yields of heavy elements and may leave black hole remnants of up to 10 and more solar masses. « less
ON THE THEORETICAL FORM OF OCEAN SWELL. ON A ROTATING EARTH

Summary In the discussion of the form of ocean swell the waves studied by Gerstner’ (1802) and Stokes (1847) have received particular attention. In Gerstner waves each fluid particle describes a circle about a fixed point. Their mathematical properties are very simple, but they cannot be generated from rest by conservative forces. On the other hand, Stokes waves can be generated from rest by conservative forces. There is a surface drift associated with Stokes-waves; but the mathematical difficulties are considerable. It has been customary to consider swell as a train of Stokes waves. One of the fundamental assumptions underlying these theories is that the waves are moving on a non-rotating Earth. It is now shown that if the curvature of the Earth can be neglected, the effect of the Earth's rotation makes swell waves in their stationary state differ very little from Gerstner waves. The work suggests that in the general case each particle moves approximately in a horizontal circle of inertia as well as in the nearly vertical Gerstner motion;. the diameter of the inertia circles is greatest at the surface, where it may be several hundred metres, and the period of revolution is half a pendulum day (equal to 12 cosec o hours, where o is the latitude). Except for this circular movement there is no mass transport, and thus. there is no ground for supposing that ocean drift currents are due to fluid transport with the waves. On the other hand, waves appear to provide a reasonable mechanism for the generation of inertia currents which have been frequently observed.
The asymptotics of Rousseeuw's minimum volume ellipsoid estimator

Rousseeuw's minimum volume estimator for multivariate location and dispersion parameters has the highest possible breakdown point for an affine equivariant estimator. In this paper we establish that it satisfies a local Holder condition of order $1/2$ and converges weakly at the rate of $n^{-1/3}$ to a non-Gaussian distribution.
Fractal Statistics of Cloud Fields

Abstract Landsat Multispectral Scanner (MSS) and Thematic Mapper (TM) data, with 80 and 30 m spatial resolution, respectively, have been employed to study the spatial structure of boundary-layer and intertropical convergence zone (ITCZ) clouds. The probability distributions of cloud area and cloud perimeters are found to approximately follow a power-law, with a different power (i.e., fractal dimension) for each cloud type. They are better approximated by a double power-law behavior, indicating a change in the fractal dimension at a characteristic size which depends upon cloud type. The fractal dimension also changes with threshold. The more intense cloud areas are found to have a higher perimeter fractal dimension, perhaps indicative of the increased turbulence at cloud top. A detailed picture of the inhomogeneous spatial structure of various cloud types will contribute to a better understanding of basic cloud processes, and also has implications for the remote sensing of clouds, for their effects on remo.
Topic Modelling and Sentimental Analysis of Students’ Reviews

Globally, educational institutions have reported a dramatic shift to online learning in an effort to contain the COVID-19 pandemic. The fundamental concern has been the continuance of education. As a result, several novel solutions have been developed to address technical and pedagogical issues. However, these were not the only difficulties that students faced. The implemented solutions involved the operation of the educational process with less regard for students' changing circumstances, which obliged them to study from home. Students should be asked to provide a full list of their concerns. As a result, student reflections, including those from Saudi Arabia, have been analysed to identify obstacles encountered during the COVID- 19 pandemic. However, most of the analyses relied on closed-ended questions, which limited student involvement. To delve into students' responses, this study used open-ended questions, a qualitative method (content analysis), a quantitative method (topic modelling), and a sentimental analysis. This study also looked at students' emotional states during and after the COVID-19 pandemic. In terms of determining trends in students' input, the results showed that quantitative and qualitative methods produced similar outcomes. Students had unfavourable sentiments about studying during COVID-19 and positive sentiments about the face-to-face study. Furthermore, topic modelling has revealed that the majority of difficulties are more related to the environment (home) and social life. Students were less accepting of online learning. As a result, it is possible to conclude that face-to-face study still attracts students and provides benefits that online study cannot, such as social interaction and effective eye-to-eye communication. © 2023 Tech Science Press. All rights reserved.
Resonances induced in H atoms by the high-intensity 800 nm laser field

A hydrogen atom exposed to a linearly polarized laser field with a wavelength of 800 nm and intensity varying from 1013 to 1014 W cm−2 is studied using non-perturbative non-Hermitian Floquet theory. The rate of ionization is calculated and the resonant enhancements are analysed by determining the composition of the ground and resonant-state wave functions. A map of resonant-state quasienergies is presented. The electronic density of the quasi-energy ground state versus the electron coordinate is analysed too. We conclude that the decay of an atom in a low intensity non-resonant laser field occurs from the asymptotically distant part of the ground state. For a higher intensity, the ionization proceeds using the mechanism of interchanging the character of the ground state with a radiatively coupled excited state(s). The process of electron emission is governed by the excited-bound-state part of the resonance wave function. With an increase of intensity, the electron is ionized at smaller distances from the nucleus.
On the Nondimensionalization of Constriction Resistance for Semi-infinite Heat Flux Tubes

The insulated semi-infinite cylinder with heat supplied uniformly through a coaxial contact area is an important unit cell in the theory of contact resistance. In the past, several investigators have examined the problem of the thermal constriction resistance of a circular contact area on an insulated semi-infinite, coaxial circular cylinder. Recently the case of a circular contact on a square cylinder has been investigated. By using a new approximate technique as well as double-infinite series solution to Laplace's equation in Cartesian coordinates, the case of a square contact area on a square cylinder can also be solved. Previously the nondimensionalization technique employed for the results has varied with different configurations and researchers. However, the similarity of these three configurations in terms of their integrated parameter, the thermal constriction resistance, will only be seen when nondimensionalization is made using a characteristic dimension that best describes these geometries.
Two New Alkaloids and a New Butenolide Derivative from the Beibu Gulf Sponge-Derived Fungus Penicillium sp. SCSIO 41413

Marine sponge-derived fungi have been proven to be a prolific source of bioactive natural products. Two new alkaloids, polonimides E (1) and D (2), and a new butenolide derivative, eutypoid F (11), were isolated from the Beibu Gulf sponge-derived fungus, Penicillium sp. SCSIO 41413, together with thirteen known compounds (3–10, 12–16). Their structures were determined by detailed NMR, MS spectroscopic analyses, and electronic circular dichroism (ECD) analyses. Butenolide derivatives 11 and 12 exhibited inhibitory effect against the enzyme PI3K with IC50 values of 1.7 μM and 9.8 μM, respectively. The molecular docking was also performed to understand the inhibitory activity, while 11 and 12 showed obvious protein/ligand-binding effects to the PI3K protein. Moreover, 4 and 15 displayed obvious inhibitory activity against LPS-induced NF-κB activation in RAW264.7 cells at 10 µM.
Diversity-Optimized Group Extraction in Social Networks

In this article, we propose to study a novel research problem to boost group performance, that is, social-aware diversity-optimized group extraction (SDGE), which takes into consideration the two important factors: 1) group diversity and 2) social tightness. We prove the NP-hardness of SDGE and propose an effective algorithm, named group shrinking for diversity maximization (GSDM) with a performance guarantee, that is, GSDM is a three-approximation algorithm to the SDGE problem studied in this article. We further propose three effective pruning strategies that are able to boost the efficiency of GSDM but do not deteriorate its performance. We conduct extensive experiments on multiple large-scale real datasets to evaluate the performance of GSDM. The experimental results show that our proposed GSDM outperforms the other baseline approaches significantly, in terms of solution quality and efficiency. Moreover, the experimental results also confirm that our proposed pruning strategies indeed boost the efficiency of the algorithm.
Electronic properties of hydrogenated silicene and germanene

The electronic properties of hydrogenated silicene and germanene, so called silicane and germanane, respectively, are investigated using first-principles calculations based on density functional theory. Two different atomic configurations are found to be stable and energetically degenerate. Upon the adsorption of hydrogen, an energy gap opens in silicene and germanene. Their energy gaps are next computed using the HSE hybrid functional as well as the G0W0 many-body perturbation method. These materials are found to be wide band-gap semiconductors, the type of gap in silicane (direct or indirect) depending on its atomic configuration. Germanane is predicted to be a direct-gap material, independent of its atomic configuration, with an average energy gap of about 3.2 eV, this material thus being potentially interesting for optoelectronic applications in the blue/violet spectral range.
Discrete-time Survival Analysis of Risk Factors for Early Menarche in Korean Schoolgirls

Objectives The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of body weight status and sleep duration on the discrete-time hazard of menarche in Korean schoolgirls using multiple-point prospective panel data. Methods The study included 914 girls in the 2010 Korean Children and Youth Panel Study who were in the elementary first-grader panel from 2010 until 2016. We used a Gompertz regression model to estimate the effects of weight status based on age-specific and sex-specific body mass index (BMI) percentile and sleep duration on an early schoolchild’s conditional probability of menarche during a given time interval using general health condition and annual household income as covariates. Results Gompertz regression of time to menarche data collected from the Korean Children and Youth Panel Study 2010 suggested that being overweight or sleeping less than the recommended duration was related to an increased hazard of menarche compared to being average weight and sleeping 9 hours to 11 hours, by 1.63 times and 1.38 times, respectively, while other covariates were fixed. In contrast, being underweight was associated with a 66% lower discrete-time hazard of menarche. Conclusions Weight status based on BMI percentiles and sleep duration in the early school years affect the hazard of menarche.
Propagation of weak shock waves in a non-ideal gas

This paper investigates the problem of propagation of planar and non-planar weak shock waves in a non-ideal medium. The mathematical formulation developed in this work leads to a closed system of coupled transport equations which efficiently describes the strength of a shock wave and the first order discontinuities induced behind it. The influence of the parameter of non-idealness and the non planar configuration of the wavefront on the nonlinear distortion, attenuation and shock formation of pulses, are discussed in detail. An analytical expression for the shock formation distance is obtained and a direct comparison between the ideal versus the non ideal gas flow is established. Also, the usual asymptotic decay laws for weak shock are recovered.
Effect of magnetic field direction on the remanent resistance levels and vortex chirality of a multilayered magnetic ring

The effect of applied field direction on the magnetoresistance response of a 5 μm diameter Co/Cu/NiFe thin film ring has been examined. When the Co layer of the ring is placed in a vortex state, four possible remanent magnetization configurations exist, in which the NiFe layer is in one of four states: forward onion, reverse onion, clockwise vortex or counterclockwise vortex. The resistance levels of these four remanent states depend on the field angle with respect to the electrical contact leads, and measured values agree well with an electrical model. The chirality of the Co vortex can be determined from measurements of the minor loop, and the chirality of the NiFe vortex can be set using two-step field cycling at two different field angles.
ALS-L1023 from Melissa officinalis Alleviates Liver Fibrosis in a Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Model

ALS-L1023 is an ingredient extracted from Melissa officinalis L. (Labiatae; lemon balm), which is known as a natural medicine that suppresses angiogenesis. Herein, we aimed to determine whether ALS-L1023 could alleviate liver fibrosis in the non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) model. C57BL/6 wild-type male mice (age, 6 weeks old) were fed a choline-deficient high-fat diet (CDHFD) for 10 weeks to induce NAFLD. For the next 10 weeks, two groups of mice received the test drug along with CDHFD. Two doses (a low dose, 800 mg/kg/day; and a high dose, 1200 mg/kg/day) of ALS-L1023 were selected and mixed with feed for administration. Obeticholic acid (OCA; 10 mg/kg/day) was used as the positive control. Biochemical analysis revealed that the ALS-L1023 low-dose group had significantly decreased alanine transaminase and aspartate transaminase. The area of fibrosis significantly decreased due to the administration of ALS-L1023, and the anti-fibrotic effect of ALS-L1023 was greater than that of OCA. RNA sequencing revealed that the responder group had lower expression of genes related to the hedgehog-signaling pathway than the non-responder group. ALS-L1023 may exert anti-fibrotic effects in the NAFLD model, suggesting that it may provide potential benefits for the treatment of liver fibrosis.