Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
EFFECT OF ROSEMARY ON THE QUALITY CHARACTERISTICS OF WHITE SHRIMP (LITOPENAEUS VANNAMEI)

We assessed the influence of rosemary on some of the quality characteristics of Litopenaeus vannamei shrimp stored under freezing temperature for 180 days. Whole shrimp (WS), peeled shrimp (PS) and PS with dehydrated rosemary (RS) were stored at −28.3 ± 3.8C. Physicochemical and sensorial analysis was carried out. After 180 days, RS had lower pH (P = 0.001) and thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS; P = 0.001) values and higher carotenoids (P = 0.003). WS samples were firmer at 180 days (P = 0.001), although rancid taste and smell were perceived with greater intensity (P = 0.001). The color was more intense in RS and PS than in WS (P = 0.030). Rancid taste was detected in RS only at 120 days at significantly lower intensity (P = 0.001) than WS and PS. Our study suggests that dehydrated rosemary can improve the quality of frozen L. vannamei peeled shrimp. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS Farmed shrimp has gained importance in the global market, and the study of their physicochemical and sensory characteristics is therefore essential. Commercially, shrimp is mainly available in the frozen form, and alternatives to extend its quality during storage are of great interest for consumers and suppliers in the food industry. Dehydrated rosemary can be added to frozen shrimp to improve its quality and maintain the nutritional characteristics during storage.
Modelling everything everywhere: a new approach to decision-making for water management under uncertainty

1. There are increasing demands to predict ecohydrological responses to future changes in catchments but such predictions will be inevitably uncertain because of natural variability and different sources of knowledge (epistemic) uncertainty. 2. Policy setting and decision-making should therefore reflect these inherent uncertainties in both model predictions and potential consequences. 3. This is the focus of a U.K. Natural Environment Research Council knowledge exchange project called the Catchment Change Network (CCN). The aim is to bring academics and practitioners together to define Guidelines for Good Practice in incorporating risk and uncertainty into assessments of the impacts of change. 4. Here, we assess the development of such Guidelines in the context of having catchment models of everywhere.
Maternal immunological aspects of pregnancy success and failure.

Abstract Historically, auto- and alloimmune maternal immunological abnormalities have been proposed to account for pregnancy loss. However, most of these immunological theories have not fulfilled the criteria for causality. Autoimmunity involving antibodies to cardiolipin and possibly phosphatidylserine is the immunological factor best associated with recurrent abortion in a condition known as the antiphospholipid syndrome, which occurs in < 5% of women undergoing recurrent pregnancy losses. Dichotomous T helper cell 1 (Th1) and Th2 cytokine/growth factor responses to trophoblast or other antigens are proposed to be involved in pregnancy loss and success, respectively. According to this alloimmune theory, decidual immune and inflammatory cells secrete predominantly either Th1 or Th2 cell cytokines in response to the conceptus or other antigens. The Th1 cytokines tumour necrosis factor (TNF) and gamma-interferon are reported to affect many reproductive processes adversely, and the Th1 initiating cytokine interleukin 12 has been found in the decidua of aborting women with Th1 immunity to trophoblast. TNF polymorphisms or genes in linkage disequilibrium with TNF have also been associated with recurrent abortion in women with Th1 immunity to trophoblast. Further investigations are needed to define further the immunological mechanisms involved in pregnancy loss, so that effective therapies can be designed and properly studied.
Does Positive Charge at the Active Sites of Phosphatases Cause a Change in Mechanism

Positive charge is uniformly present in the active sites of all known phosphatases. The postulate that this charge imparts a change to the mechanism and the transition state for phosphoryl transfer was examined by comparing kinetic isotope effects with the substrate p-nitrophenyl phosphate for reactions of the native protein tyrosine phosphatase from Yersinia with data from mutants in which the conserved arginine residue was mutated to Lys or to Ala. The kcat values for both mutants are about 104 less than that of the native enzyme but are still nearly 105-fold faster than the uncatalyzed rate. Steady-state kinetic data as well as isotope effects showed that both mutations interfere with functioning of general acid catalysis. To examine the effect of positive charge on the transition state free of this additional effect, double mutants were made in which general acid catalysis was removed by mutation of Asp356 to either Asn or Ala in addition to the mutation to Arg. The kcat/Km values of D356A and D356N a.
Crossbreeding Effect on Growth Traits at 8 Weeks of Age in Pearl and Lavender Guinea Fowl and their Reciprocal Crosses in a Humid Tropical Environment

A total of 408 day old keets generated from direct and reciprocal crossing of two colour variants of indigenous guinea fowl were used to investigate the effect of crossbreeding on growth at 8 weeks of age in the humid tropical environment. The progeny groups produced were homogenous Pearl variant main cross (PL X PL), homogenous Lavender variant main cross (La X La), Pearl variant reciprocal cross PL X La and Lavender Variant reciprocal cross (La X PL). The experiment was a randomized complete block design with progeny group as treatment and hatch as block. The La X PL progeny had a better FCR compared with other crossbred and their reciprocal crosses indicating that the keets may be good converters of feed. There were no significant difference (P>0.05) in the day-old body weight of the progeny groups, however, significant difference (P
Mechanisms of mispair recognition by Msh2-Msh3

DNA mismatch repair is the process of fixing errors that arise in the genome during DNA replication and recombination. This is accomplished by the recognition of DNA lesions and the subsequent recruitment of factors to remove the damaged DNA and then incorporate the correct DNA sequence. The faithful maintenance of the genomic sequence is important since the accumulation of somatic mutations can disrupt basic processes within a cell and the accumulation of germline mutations can lead to inherited mutations or even inviable daughter cells. Errors in basic repair processes have severe consequences for stability of the genome and the development of cancer. Disruption of mismatch repair genes themselves leads to an overall defect in DNA mismatch repair causing the genome to accumulate mutations at a high rate. This hypermutation phenotype will eventually cause mutations at gene loci important for regulating the cell cycle and therefore lead to tumor development. A variety of studies presented here, demonstrate the importance of a functional mismatch repair system in the cell and provide a detailed analysis of mismatch recognition by the Msh2-Msh3 complex
Moderating Role of Competitive Environment between Knowledge Management, Human Capital and SMEs’ performance: Emerging Countries’ Perspective

The importance of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) and their economic contribution is acknowledged globally. Although SMEs in developed economies have become fairly competitive, their counterparts in the emerging economies have struggled in the rapidly evolving external environment. The objective of this study is to present a conceptual framework for SMEs in emerging economies targeted to raise their performance. Literature indicates that the low skill level of human resource and the lack of emphasis on knowledge management are the major factors behind the struggle of SMEs to establish themselves in emerging economies. Earlier studies have discovered a positive impact of knowledge management and human capital in raising SMEs’ performance. Literature also indicates that the influence of knowledge and human capital within SMEs’ performance varies due to the prevailing competitive conditions. Therefore, this study proposes a conceptual framework to leverage the performance of SMEs in emerging economies and examines how this relationship may vary when it interacts with the competitive environment.
The Influence of salinity and nitrogen on tomato fruit quality and micronutrients concentration in hydroponic culture

هديكچ هجوگ دشر شهاك رد يمهم شقن يروش يگنرف ، كشخ همين و كشخ يحاون رد هژيو هب ، دراد . دـشر شيازـفا اب نژورتين دربراك دراد ناكما هجوگ دوش يروش شنت هب هايگ لمحت شيازفا ببس ،يگنرف . ،دشر رب نژورتين و يروش شنكمهرب رثا يسررب روظنم هب هويم تيفيك تـظلغ و هجوگ هايگ رد فرصم مك رصانع ش تشكبآ طيحم رد يشيامزآ ،يگنرف يروش حطس هس لما ) ،رفص ۳۰ و ۶۰ يليم رلاوم ( نژورتين حطس هس و ) ،رفص ۵ / ۱ و ۳ يليم رلاوم ( لماك حرط بلاق رد اب و يفداصت هس دش ماجنا راركت . رـت نزو و عافترا شهاك ببس يروش هك داد ناشن جياتن مه و هويم رت نزو شهاك ،هراسخاش دش هويم رد هاگلگ يگديسوپ هضراع داجيا نينچ . رد و هوـيم كيرتيـس ديسا رادقم ،يروش شيازفا اب اما نآ تيفيك هجيتن ) هويم معط ( تفاي دوبهب . داد ناشن شيازفا دهاش هايگ هب تبسن هراسخاش و هويم رت نزو و هايگ عافترا ،نژورتين دربراك اب . اـب روش يياذغ لولحم هب نژورتين ندوزفا ، تفاي شيازفا هايگ عافترا . م شيازفا ببس يروش ينع و هشـير رد سم و يور ،زنگنم ،نهآ تظلغ راد ديدرگ هويم رد نهآ و سم شيازفا . هـجوگ هشير رد فرصم مك رصانع تظلغ شيازفا ببس يياذغ لولحم رد نژورتين حطس شيازفا يـگنرف دش . راميت رد نژورتين دربراك ۶۰ يليم ش راميت هب تبسن هشير رد فرصم مك رصانع تظلغ شهاك ببس يروش رلاوم ديدرگ دها . ناشن جياتن يم يم نژورتين ندوزفا ،روش يياذغ لولحم رد هك دهد دوش هايگ دشر رب يروش بولطمان تارثا ليدعت و شهاك ببس دناوت .
Evaluation of a new type of temporaryimmersion system (TIS) bioreactors for plantmicropropagation

Micropropagation has been revealed to be an efficient propagation method for production of large quantities of true to type and disease free plants, while traditional methods of micropropagation on solid medium are limited in commercial production due to high labor costs. Bioreactor production in liquid medium has therefore been studied and tested in recent years, but there are still no appropriate types of bioreactors until now. A new type of bioreactors based on the temporary immersion system (TIS) principle has been developed by Professor Margareta Welander at the Department of Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, the Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Alnarp, Sweden, and by Dr. AJ Sayegh, TC propagation Ltd, Bree, Enniscorthy, Co Wexford, Ireland. The aim of this study is to evaluate this new bioreactor for micropropagation using the three widely cultivated and important, horticultural species Digitalis lutea x purpurea, Echinacea purpurea ‘Magnus’ and Rubus idaeus ‘Mormorshallon’ in comparison with micropropagation on solid medium. Fresh and dry weights, the shoot production rate as well as survival and general plant appearance were evaluated. Further on, pH, conductivity, and composition of mineral nutrients and carbohydrates were measured regularly during the culture period. The acclimatization capability of the plantlets in greenhouse was also evaluated. The results show that this newly developed bioreactor is suitable for mass production of target plant species with a similar survival rate and plant quality to those from solid medium. The multiplication rate was either similar or better than that from solid medium. Plant analyses revealed a significant difference (p≤0.05) in fresh weight between TIS and the solid medium. However, the optimal cultivation medium differed between the species, where D. lutea x purpurea and E. purpurea ‘Magnus’ gained more weight with TIS while R. idaeus ‘Mormorshallon’ gained more weight with solid medium. No significant differences were found when comparing dry weights and the multiplication rate except for E. purpurea ‘Magnus’ where TIS resulted in a significantly p≤0.05) higher number of shoots of an adequate size for ex vitro acclimatization. Except for almost full depletion of iron and a 50% decrease in NH4+ concentration in the media of D. lutea x purpurea and E. purpurea ‘Magnus’, only minor changes in pH, conductivity, carbohydrate and mineral nutrient concentrations were observed over time for all species. Overall, the results of the medium analyses show that the bioreactor system is stable and reliable.
Feeding and housing management practices of dairy animals in Uttar Pradesh.

A field survey was conducted to acquire the first hand information on bovine herd management in rural, semi-urban and urban areas of Bareilly Tahsil of Bareilly district. The information on feeding and housing management practices was collected using structured schedule from 90 households rearing cattle and buffalo each from rural, semi-urban and urban area. Wheat straw was used as dry fodder by 86 to 98% of farmers in rural, semi-urban and urban areas. In urban areas 97.8% farmers fed concentrate round the year but in rural and semi-urban areas, only 66.7 and 75.6% farmers followed this practice. None of the farmers used silage, hay making or urea treated straw. Results revealed that 63.3% of the rural farmers shared their residence with the animals; this percentage was higher in semi-urban areas (83.3%). Brick floor was observed in 85.6, 72.2 and 80% houses respectively in rural, semi-urban and urban areas. Size and height of the houses were optimum in more than 75, 65 and 90%, of the farmers in rural, semi-urban and urban areas.
Mycotoxic Fungi, Mycotoxins, Mycotoxicoses. An Encyclopedic Handbook

The mycotoxicoses described are those affecting cattle, horses, sheep, pigs, poultry, laboratory and aquatic animals. One chapter is devoted to practical and theoretical considerations in the diagnosis of mycotoxicoses. The principal diseases described are those caused by aflatoxins, ochratoxins, trichothecenes, fusariotoxins, stachybotryotoxin, rubratoxins, ergotoxins, tremorgens and sporidesmin. Descriptions are also provided of syndromes known to be associated with ingestion of moulded herbage, such as lupinosis and sweet clover toxicosis. Detailed consideration is given to the clinical symptomatology and pathology of natural and experimental disease, and to occurrence, potentiation and control. Some 1900 references are cited. In addition to the subject index, a 30-page author index provides a valuable means of cross-referencing. A useful glossary is also provided. With 29 authors from 8 countries, the international nature of the handbook has been maintained. Some duplication of subject matter is evident, particularly in the causative chapters dealing with mycotoxicoses in poultry. Although the content and treatment of the scientific material is very different, inconsistencies are evident in the nomenclature of the fungi cited, e.g. Joffe refers to Fusarium sporotrichiella var. poae (p. 313) and Kurmanov to F. sporotrichiella var. sporotrichioides (p. 322) instead of F. poae and F. sporotrichioides respectively as recommended by Joffe himself in Volume 1. Several species of Fusarium (e.g. p. 379) are cited incorrectly and are not even mentioned in the chapter in Volume 1 dealing with mycotoxin-producing species of Fusarium. With more care to the integration of individual contributions, such inconsistencies could have been avoided. Nevertheless, this handbook stands on its own as a comprehensive and informative account of the diseases caused by mycotoxins. It is admirably suited for its specified readership, namely research scientists, veterinarians and physicians and individuals interested in livestock, poultry and aquatic animal production.
BIOLOGICAL SCREENING OF SALVIA CABULICA

In the present study, Salvia cabulica an endemic plant of Balochistan, was screened for different biological activities for the first time. For this purpose, 6 crude extracts i.e., petroleum ether (A), dichloromethane (B), ethyl acetate (C), acetone (D), butanol (E) and aqueous (F) (Fig. 1) were obtained from 80% ethanolic extract of the dry plant of Salvia cabulica and screened for antibacterial, antifungal, phytotoxic and insecticidal activities. Extracts B, D and E showed low antibacterial activities against Salmonella typhi, Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. However extracts A, E and F showed moderate antifungal activity against Trichophyton longifusis and Microsporum canis, while extract B showed significant phytotoxicity and insecticidal activities.
Evaluation of eco-friendly approaches against brinjal shoot and fruit borer Leucinodes orbonalis (Guenee) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)

The influence of different concentrations of Nomuraea rileyi (Farlow)Samson on the mortality of larvae of Leucinodes orbonalis (Guenee) in laboratory showed a maximum mortality at six days after spray in all the instars at 3.2x109 spores per ml. The maximum mortality of 93.06 per cent was obtained in first instar larvae followed by 84.98 per cent in second instar, 56 per cent in third instar, 48.15 per cent in fourth instar and 41.11 per cent in fifth instar at 3.20 x 109 spores per ml. Data clearly indicated that early instars are more susceptible to fungus than later instars. In general, irrespective of instars the larval mortality increased with increasing spore concentrations of the fungus. Among 11 treatments evaluated under field conditions, the combination of F. semitectum 3.6x1015+ N. rileyi 2x108+ spinosad (15 g ai/ha) and removal and destruction of infected shoots and fruits reduced the shoot and fruit infestation effectively. The maximum marketable fruit yield (136 q/ha) was obtained in T4- F. semitectum 3.6x1015+ N. rileyi 2x108+ spinosad (15 g a.i/ha). The cost economics worked out depicted that T10- Removal and destruction of infected shoots and fruits was the best treatment recording higher benefit cost ratio (4.74).
GENERATION OF VIRUS-LIKE PARTICLES IN PLANTS EXPRESSING THE CAPSID PROTEIN OF CYMBIDIUM RINGSPOT VIRUS

SUMMARY Agroinfiltration of Nicotiana benthamiana leaves with a construct expressing the coat protein of Cymbidium ringspot virus (CymRSV) resulted in the production of virus-like particles (VLPs) which showed a preferential localization within mitochondria with an apparently intact bounding membrane. VLPs were either non penetrated or penetrated by the negative stain. The former had the same outward aspect and size of wild type CymRSV and were assumed to encapsidate the CP messanger RNA, which was recovered from virus preparations purified from agroinfiltrated tissues. In addition, VLPs were shown to be able to encapsidate tombusviral satellite RNAs. Immunoblot analysis of dissociated VLPs showed that they were made up of a protein indistinguishable from the native CymRSV CP. A mitochondrial targeting signal was identified in the N-terminal region of CymRSV CP at amino acid (aa) position 10-27. The fusion protein CPMyc, containing the 10-aa Myc epitope fused to the CymRSV CP C-terminus, formed VLPs that were decorated by a Myc-specific antiserum.
A preliminary effort to reduce carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from diesel exhaust by using different blends of diesel and synthesized Biodiesel

In the present investigation, an attempt for the reduction of six hazardous air Pollutants (HAPs) from diesel exhaust by different blends of diesel and biodiesel has been made. The synthesis of biodiesel has been done from Jetrofa, Linseed Castor and Karanja oils which are commonly used in the Indian market. Blending of diesel with biodiesel was done in different ratios (20 to 40 %) for the estimation of carcinogenic HAPs from the exhaust of a Honda engine (EBK 2010AC Model). The order of HAPs emission from engine exhaust by using diverse blends were Diesel>Jatropha-diesel>Linseed-diesel>Castor-diesel> Karanja-diesel. The maximum reduction of HAPs was established in the following ratio 40% (Biodiesel):60% (Diesel). B(a)P and Chrysene were the two individual aromatic hydrocarbons (AHCs) found in higher concentration in almost all blending fuels, ranging between 50 ng/µl to 101.1 ng/µl. The emission of almost all AHCs reduces by Blending of Diesel with Biodiesel. This was the first comprehensive information which showed the reduction of carcinogenic pollutants from diesel exhaust.
INHERITANCE STUDIES OF SOME ECONOMIC CHARACTERS IN OKRA (Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench)

The inheritance of number of pods per plant, number of days to flowering and plant height in okra was investigated. Two okra cultivars, namely ‘Kosti’ and the Indian cultivar ‘Pusa Sawani’ were used in this study. The two parents were selfed for three successive generations to fix the characters under study. Crosses were made between the two parents, and reciprocal F 1 ’s, F 2 ’s and all possible backcrosses were derived from the initial crosses. The experiment was carried out at Shambat, Sudan in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Gene effects, heritability in broad and narrow sense, number of effective factors and genetic advance were determined. No reciprocal differences were found between F 1 and F 2 generation for all the characters studied. Three parameter additive-dominance model utilizing generation means was used to estimate gene effects. The results indicated that most of the genetic variance was accounted for by additive and dominance gene effects, with evidence of epistasis. High genetic variability, high heritability values and genetic gains support the above conclusions regarding the inheritance of these characters.
Purification, Characterization and Antibacterial Mechanism of Bacteriocin From Lactobacillus Acidophilus Xh1

Purpose : To carry out the extraction, purification and biological characterization, and assess the antibacterial activity of bacteriocin from Lactobacillus acidophilus XH1. Methods : Chloroform extraction method was used for bacteriocin extraction while characterization of bacteriocin was carried out by flat-dug well agar diffusion assay. The antibacterial mechanisms of bacteriocin were examined by scanning electron microscopy and atomic emission spectroscopy. The molecular weight of lactobacillin XH1 was measured using Tricine - SDS - PAGE electrophoresis. Results : The bacteriocin (lactobacillin XH1) inhibited Escherichia coli , Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus anthracis . It showed a wide range of antimicrobial activity at pH 1.0 - 5.0 while at 37 – 120 °C, it was sensitive to trypsin, pepsin and papain, but insensitive to proteinase K and neutral protease. The intracellular UV-absorbing substances,, namely, lactate dehydrogenase macromolecules, K + and ATP of E. coli, decreased rapidly. The molecular weight of lactobacillin XH1 was approximately 16 kDa. Conclusion : Lactobacillin XH1 is a broad-spectrum antimicrobial substance that is thermostable. Its antibacterial mechanism on Escherichia coli is similar to that of bacteriocins on Gram-positive bacteria. The agent is a hydrophobic protein with more acidic groups. Keywords : Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillin, Bacteriocin, Purification, Antibacterial mechanism, Atomic emission spectroscopy
Antibodies: A Laboratory Manual

ince its publication in 1988, Antibodies: A Laboratory Manual, by Harlow and Lane, has become a classic, an essential resource for molecular biology, immunology, and cell culture labs. In order to keep the book in print, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press eventually produced the paperback edition currently available for sale. Now, after 25 years, a second edition is being published in September 2013. Revised, extended and updated by Edward Greenfield of the Dana-Farber Cancer Center, the material has been recast with extensive new information and new chapters have been added. The new edition provides clear, authoritative, current and up-to-date protocols with background information and troubleshooting advice. The book is an invaluable resource for all those engaged in antibody research and development.