Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Portal hypertensive bleeding in cirrhosis: Risk stratification, diagnosis, and management: 2016 practice guidance by the American Association for the study of liver diseases

resistance to portal ﬂow attributed to structural mechanisms (e.g., ﬁbrous tissue, regenerative nodules) and an increased intrahepatic vascular tone (functional component). One of the initial consequences of PH is the formation of portosystemic collaterals. Concomitant or even preceding development of collaterals, splanchnic vasodilatation occurs, leading to increased ﬂow into the gut and into the portal venous system. Vasodilation leads to activation of neu- rohumoral and vasoconstrictive systems, sodium and water retention, increased blood volume, and increased cardiac output; that is, a hyperdynamic circulatory state that further increases portal venous inﬂow and PP. Additionally, activated vasoconstrictive systems to further contribute to intrahepatic vasoconstriction. Treatment of etiology, by ameliorating ﬁbrosis/inﬂammation, target the mechanical component of the increased intrahepatic resistance. Vasodilators (like the a -adrenergic blocking effect of carvedilol) target its functional component (this is the site of action of statins). NSBBs ( b 2-adrenergic blocking effect), SMT, and VP act by causing splanchnic vasoconstriction, thereby reducing portal venous inﬂow. NSBBs also act by decreasing cardiac output ( b 1-adrenergic blocking effect). The TIPS connects the hypertensive portal vein with a normotensive hepatic vein, thereby bypassing the site of increased resistance. Varices can be obliterated either endoscopically (EVL or cyanoacrylate injection) or by an endovascular approach (BRTO).
Multidimensional Treatment Foster Care for Adolescents in English care: randomised trial and observational cohort evaluation

Background Children in care often have poor outcomes. There is a lack of evaluative research into intervention options. Aims To examine the efficacy of Multidimensional Treatment Foster Care for Adolescents (MTFC-A) compared with usual care for young people at risk in foster care in England. Method A two-arm single (assessor) blinded randomised controlled trial (RCT) embedded within an observational quasi-experimental case–control study involving 219 young people aged 11–16 years (trial registration: ISRCTN 68038570). The primary outcome was the Child Global Assessment Scale (CGAS). Secondary outcomes were ratings of educational attendance, achievement and rate of offending. Results The MTFC-A group showed a non-significant improvement in CGAS outcome in both the randomised cohort (n = 34, adjusted mean difference 1.3, 95% CI −7.1 to 9.7, P = 0.75) and in the trimmed observational cohort (n = 185, adjusted mean difference 0.95, 95% CI −2.38 to 4.29, P = 0.57). No significant effects were seen in secondary outcomes. There was a possible differential effect of the intervention according to antisocial behaviour. Conclusions There was no evidence that the use of MTFC-A resulted in better outcomes than usual care. The intervention may be more beneficial for young people with antisocial behaviour but less beneficial than usual treatment for those without.
Game playing behavior in requirements anslysis, evaluation, and system choice for enterprise resource planning systems

Historically, using legacy software, each major branch of a company could have their own system that met their particular needs. Unlike legacy software, enterprise resource planning (ERP) software requires that the same software be implemented in each branch or office. As a result, now branches must somehow come to agreement on software choices. A number of firms have employed ranking mechanisms where branches or their representatives effectively vote, via their rankings, to determine which software is used. Unfortunately, this can mean the introduction of gaming behavior as branches try to get the software that they think best meets their particular needs. The purpose of this paper is to review some of that gaming behavior and investigate the impact of those behaviors in the ERP requirements analysis process, ERP evaluation process, and with ERP system choice, based in the context of three real world cases.
Irisin Levels are Not Affected by Physical Activity in Patients with Anorexia Nervosa

Irisin was recently identified as muscle-derived hormone that increases energy expenditure. Studies in normal weight and obese subjects reported an increased irisin expression following physical activity, although inconsistent results were observed. Increased physical activity in a subgroup of patients with anorexia nervosa (AN) complicates the course of the disease. Since irisin could account for differences in clinical outcomes, we investigated irisin levels in anorexic patients with high and moderate physical activity to evaluate whether irisin differs with increasing physical activity. Hospitalized female anorexic patients (n = 39) were included. Plasma irisin measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and locomotor activity were assessed at the same time. Patients were separated into two groups (n = 19/group; median excluded): moderate and high activity (6331 ± 423 vs. 13743 ± 1047 steps/day, p < 0.001). The groups did not differ in body mass index (14.2 ± 0.4 vs. 15.0 ± 0.4 kg/m2), irisin levels (558.2 ± 26.1 vs. 524.9 ± 25.2 ng/ml), and body weight-adjusted resting energy expenditure (17.6 ± 0.3 vs. 18.0 ± 0.3 kcal/kg/day, p > 0.05), whereas body weight-adjusted total energy expenditure (46.0 ± 1.4 vs. 41.1 ± 1.1 kcal/kg/day), metabolic equivalents (METs, 1.9 ± 0.1 vs. 1.7 ± 0.1 METs/day), body weight-adjusted exercise activity thermogenesis (1.8 ± 0.5 vs. 0.6 ± 0.3 kcal/kg/day), duration of exercise (18.6 ± 4.7 vs. 6.2 ± 3.1 min/day), and body weight-adjusted non-exercise activity thermogenesis (21.6 ± 1.0 vs. 18.8 ± 0.8 kcal/kg/day) were higher in the high activity compared to the moderate activity group (p < 0.05). No correlations were observed between irisin and activity parameters in the whole sample (p > 0.05). In conclusion, the current data do not support the concept of irisin being induced by exercise, at least not under conditions of severely reduced body weight like AN.
The Grounded Nature of Psychological Perspective-Taking

Psychological perspective-taking is a powerful social cognition that helps us to understand other people. It creates feelings of closeness and sympathy, motivates us to help others, and is important for positive social relationships. In contrast to the impressive knowledge about its consequences, relatively little is known about how exactly people achieve them. The present paper addresses this question from a grounded cognition perspective, drawing on recent findings on the embodiment of visuospatial perspective-taking. Visuospatial perspective-taking involves a mental transformation of one’s body schema into the physical location of another person. We argue that when people psychologically “put themselves in another person’s shoes,” this simulation of physical proximity happens, too, and is one source of perceived closeness. In five experiments (total N = 1067), participants completed a visuospatial perspective-taking task. During half of the trials, angular disparity between the target person and the participant was high and participants had to adopt the target’s visual perspective (which involves an embodied simulation). During the remaining trials, angular disparity was low and participants could solve the task egocentrically. Taking another’s perspective led participants to adopt the thoughts of the target person more strongly (Experiments 1–3) and increased the perceived similarity of that person to the self (Experiment 4) and participants’ liking of that person (Experiment 5). These effects were independent of task difficulty (Experiment 2), and only present during trials where an embodied transformation happened (i.e., at high angular disparities; Experiment 3). Implications for psychological and visuospatial perspective-taking research and related phenomena are discussed.
Modeling by Drawing with Shadow Guidance

Modeling 3D objects is difficult, especially for the user who lacks the knowledge on 3D geometry or even on 2D sketching. In this paper, we present a novel sketch‐based modeling system which allows novice users to create 3D custom models by assembling parts based on a database of pre‐segmented 3D models. Different from previous systems, our system supports the user with visualized and meaningful shadow guidance under his strokes dynamically to guide the user to convey his design concept easily and quickly. Our system interprets the user's strokes as similarity queries into database to generate the shadow image for guiding the user's further drawing and returns the 3D candidate parts for modeling simultaneously. Moreover, our system preserves the high‐level structure in generated models based on prior knowledge pre‐analyzed from the database, and allows the user to create custom parts with geometric variations. We demonstrate the applicability and effectiveness of our modeling system with human subjects and present various models designed using our system.
High-speed energy-efficient 5:2 compressor

Multipliers are important components that dictate the overall arithmetic circuits' performance. The most critical components of multipliers are compressors. In this paper, a new 5:2 compressor architecture based on changing some internal equations is proposed. In addition, using an efficient full-adder (FA) block is considered to have a high-speed compressor. The number of transistors in the proposed design is less than the best existing 5:2 compressor architectures. Three 5:2 compressors are considered for comparison. The proposed architecture is compared with the best existing designs presented in the state-of-the-art literature in terms of power, delay and area. Architectures are simulated in 90-nm CMOS technology under 1 V supply voltage. The simulation results show that the proposed compressor improves power and delay by 24.59% and 18.54% respectively, compared to two of the best existing architectures. In addition, voltage scaling and temperature analysis show that the proposed architecture outperforms the other designs from power-delay product (PDP) point of view in comparison to the aforementioned designs.
A Novel MiRNA-Based Predictive Model for Biochemical Failure Following Post-Prostatectomy Salvage Radiation Therapy

Purpose To develop a microRNA (miRNA)-based predictive model for prostate cancer patients of 1) time to biochemical recurrence after radical prostatectomy and 2) biochemical recurrence after salvage radiation therapy following documented biochemical disease progression post-radical prostatectomy. Methods Forty three patients who had undergone salvage radiation therapy following biochemical failure after radical prostatectomy with greater than 4 years of follow-up data were identified. Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue blocks were collected for all patients and total RNA was isolated from 1mm cores enriched for tumor (>70%). Eight hundred miRNAs were analyzed simultaneously using the nCounter human miRNA v2 assay (NanoString Technologies; Seattle, WA). Univariate and multivariate Cox proportion hazards regression models as well as receiver operating characteristics were used to identify statistically significant miRNAs that were predictive of biochemical recurrence. Results Eighty eight miRNAs were identified to be significantly (p<0.05) associated with biochemical failure post-prostatectomy by multivariate analysis and clustered into two groups that correlated with early (≤ 36 months) versus late recurrence (>36 months). Nine miRNAs were identified to be significantly (p<0.05) associated by multivariate analysis with biochemical failure after salvage radiation therapy. A new predictive model for biochemical recurrence after salvage radiation therapy was developed; this model consisted of miR-4516 and miR-601 together with, Gleason score, and lymph node status. The area under the ROC curve (AUC) was improved to 0.83 compared to that of 0.66 for Gleason score and lymph node status alone. Conclusion miRNA signatures can distinguish patients who fail soon after radical prostatectomy versus late failures, giving insight into which patients may need adjuvant therapy. Notably, two novel miRNAs (miR-4516 and miR-601) were identified that significantly improve prediction of biochemical failure post-salvage radiation therapy compared to clinico-histopathological factors, supporting the use of miRNAs within clinically used predictive models. Both findings warrant further validation studies.
A Fine-Grained Indoor Location-Based Social Network

Existing Location-based social networks (LBSNs), e.g., Foursquare, depend mainly on GPS or cellular-based localization to infer users’ locations. However, GPS is unavailable indoors and cellular-based localization provides coarse-grained accuracy. This limits the accuracy of current LBSNs in indoor environments, where people spend 89 percent of their time. This in turn affects the user experience, in terms of the accuracy of the ranked list of venues, especially for the small screens of mobile devices, misses business opportunities, and leads to reduced venues coverage. In this paper, we present CheckInside: a system that can provide a fine-grained indoor location-based social network. CheckInside leverages the crowd-sensed data collected from users’ mobile devices during the check-in operation and knowledge extracted from current LBSNs to associate a place with a logical name and a semantic fingerprint. This semantic fingerprint is used to obtain a more accurate list of nearby places as well as to automatically detect new places with similar signature. A novel algorithm for detecting fake check-ins and inferring a semantically-enriched floorplan is proposed as well as an algorithm for enhancing the system performance based on the user implicit feedback. Furthermore, CheckInside encompasses a coverage extender module to automatically predict names of new venues increasing the coverage of current LBSNs. Experimental evaluation of CheckInside in four malls over the course of six weeks with 20 participants shows that it can infer the actual user place within the top five venues 99 percent of the time. This is compared to 17 percent only in the case of current LBSNs. In addition, it increases the coverage of existing LBSNs by more than 37 percent.
New sparseness results on graph spanners

Let <italic>G</italic>=(<italic>V,E</italic>) be an <italic>n</italic>-vertex connected graph with positive edge weights. A subgraph <italic>G</italic>′ = (<italic>V,E</italic>′) is a <italic>t-spanner</italic> of <italic>G</italic> if for all <italic>u, v ε V</italic>,the weighted distance between <italic>u</italic> and <italic>v</italic> in <italic>G</italic>′ is at most <italic>t</italic> times the weighted distance between <italic>u</italic> and <italic>v</italic> in <italic>G</italic>. We consider the problem of constructing sparse spanners, and the <italic>weight</italic>, defined as the sum of the edge weights in the spanner. In this paper, we concentrate on constructing spanners of small weight. For an arbitrary positive edge-weighted graph <italic>G</italic>, for any <italic>t</italic>> 1, and any ε>0, we show that a <italic>t</italic>-spanner of <italic>G</italic> with weight <italic>O</italic>(<italic>n</italic><supscrpt>(2+ε)/(t-1></supscrpt>) •<italic>wt</italic>(<italic>MST</italic>) can be constructed in polynomial time. We also show that (log<supscrpt>2</supscrpt><italic>n</italic>)-spanners of weight <italic>O</italic>(log <italic>n</italic>)•<italic>wt</italic>(<italic>MST</italic>) can be constructed. We then consider spanners for complete graphs induced by a set of points in <italic>d</italic>-dimensional real normed space. The weight of an edge <italic>xy</italic> is the norm of the <italic>xy</italic> vector. We show that for these graphs, <italic>t</italic>-spanners with total weight <italic>O</italic>(log <italic>n</italic>)•<italic>wt</italic>(<italic>MST</italic>) can be constructed in polynomial time.
Validation of uPA/SCID Mouse with Humanized Liver as a Human Liver Model: Protein Quantification of Transporters, Cytochromes P450, and UDP-Glucuronosyltransferases by LC-MS/MS

Chimeric mice with humanized liver (PXB mice) have been generated by transplantation of urokinase-type plasminogen activator/severe combined immunodeficiency mice with human hepatocytes. The purpose of the present study was to clarify the protein expression levels of metabolizing enzymes and transporters in humanized liver of PXB mice transplanted with hepatocytes from three different donors, and to compare their protein expressions with those of human livers to validate this human liver model. The protein expression levels of metabolizing enzymes and transporters were quantified in microsomal fraction and plasma membrane fraction, respectively, by means of liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. Protein expression levels of 12 human P450 enzymes, two human UDP-glucuronosyltransferases, eight human ATP binding cassette (ABC) transporters, and eight human solute carrier transporters were determined. The variances of protein expression levels among samples from mice humanized with hepatocytes from all donors were significantly greater than those from samples obtained from mice derived from each individual donor. Compared with the protein expression levels in human livers, all of the quantified metabolizing enzymes and transporters were within a range of 4-fold difference, except for CYP2A6, CYP4A11, bile salt export pump (BSEP), and multidrug resistance protein 3 (MDR3), which showed 4- to 5-fold differences between PXB mouse and human livers. The present study indicates that humanized liver of PXB mice is a useful model of human liver from the viewpoint of protein expression of metabolizing enzymes and transporters, but the results are influenced by the characteristics of the human hepatocyte donor.
Peroxisome Proliferator-activated Receptor (PPAR) γ Coactivator-1 Recruitment Regulates PPAR Subtype Specificity*

The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPAR) α and γ play key roles in the transcriptional control of contrasting metabolic pathways such as adipogenesis and fatty acid β-oxidation. Both ligand-activated nuclear receptors bind to common target gene response elements and interact with distinct domains of the transcriptional coactivator PGC-1 to attain their full transcriptional potency. Thus, PPAR subtype specificity may be determined by ligand availability and transcription factor or coactivator expression levels. To identify other, perhaps more precise mechanisms contributing to PPAR subtype specificity, we studied PGC-1 recruitment by PPARs using a previously described hormone response element in the humanUCP1 promoter and a human brown adipocyte cell line as our model system. As in rodents, PGC-1 is involved in the transcriptional regulation of the UCP1 gene in humans and mediates the effects of PPARα and PPARγ agonists and retinoic acid. Interestingly, a previously postulated PGC-1 repressor selectively affects the PPARα-mediated activation of UCP1 gene expression. Furthermore, inhibition of p38 MAPK signaling, known to regulate the PGC-1/repressor interaction, decreases the stimulatory effect of PPARα agonist treatment without reducing the response to thiazolidinedione or retinoic acid. These data support a model whereby PPAR subtype specificity is regulated by recruitment of PGC-1.
Towards an Agent Oriented Approach to Software Engineering

This paper describes a methodology for agent oriented software engineering, called Tropos1. Tropos is based on three key ideas. First, the notion of agent and all the related mentalistic notions (for instance: goals and plans) are used in all phases of software development, from the early analysis down to the actual implementation. Second, Tropos covers also the very early phases of requirements analysis, thus allowing for a deeper understanding of the environment where the software must operate, and of the kind of interactions that should occur between software and human agents. Third, Tropos adopts a transformational approach to process artifacts refinement. The methodology is partially illustrated with the help of a case study.
Modelling of Waves in a Tidal Flat Area in the South-Eastern German Bight

As part of the project PROMORPH funded by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research the calibration, validation and application of four wave models for the central Dithmarschen Bight are presented in this paper. The models have been coupled to flow models, which is necessary for correctly modelling the wave characteristics in this tidal environment. In the calibration and validation measurements taken by five wave buoys over a period of one month were considered. Using the root mean average error (RMAE) evaluation, the model results are qualified as reasonable to good. Considering the complex hydrodynamic patterns and bathymetry of the area this is satisfactory. The validated models have been applied to analyse the wave height distribution over the area during moderate and storm scenarios. It is shown that during moderate conditions in the sheltered eastern part of the domain only locally generated waves with limited heights occur. During storm conditions wave heights may reach 2 m in the eastern part and 5 m near the outer edge of the tidal flats. Furthermore, the significance of waveinduced currents was investigated. It could be shown that the waves have a limited effect on the tidal currents in shallow areas. In the tidal channels the wave-induced currents are negligible. Coupled to the flow models, the wave models form a good basis for the morphodynamic model simulations that have been carried out within the project PROMORPH.
A Grammar Checker for Tagalog using LanguageTool

This document outlines the use of Language Tool for a Tagalog Grammar Checker. Language Tool is an open-source rule-based engine that offers grammar and style checking functionalities. The details of the various linguistic resource requirements of Language Tool for the Tagalog language are outlined and discussed. These are the tagger dictionary and the rule file that use the notation of Language Tool. The expressive power of Language Tool’s notation is analyzed and checked if Tagalog linguistic phenomena are captured or not. The system was tested using a collection of sentences and these are the results: 91% precision rate, 51% recall rate, 83% accuracy rate.