Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Epidemiological Profile of Fatal Poisoning Autopsy Cases Conducted at Gims, Kalaburagi, Karnataka- A Retrospective Study

Background- Pesticide poisoning is a major public health problem worldwide, with thousands of deaths occurring every year, mainly in developing countries. Its usage has been increased in recent past leading its misuse to commit suicide. The aim of this study was to determine the profile of fatal poisoning cases in and around Gulbarga district & to find out its correlates. Methodology- The present study is a retrospective study of fatal poisoning autopsy cases performed at GIMS, District Hospital, Kalaburagi, Karnataka from January 2018 to December 2018. During this period a total of 647 autopsy cases were conducted of which 85 cases were due to fatal poisoning. Relevant information and subjective data like age, sex, marital status, religion, seasonal variation, type of poison consumed and manner of death have been collected from medicolegal autopsy register, police inquest and treatment history using a predesigned proforma. Results- A total of 647 cases were autopsied during the year Jan 2018-Dec 2018. Out of 647 cases 85.9% cases were due to unnatural deaths of which 85 cases (13.1%) were due to suspected poisoning. In our study males outnumbered females with 67 cases (78.8%) compared to females with 18 cases (21.2%), maximum number of cases were in the age group between 21-30 years with 36 cases (42.4%). Maximum number of cases were from rural locality with 69 cases (81.2%) & majority of poisoning cases were seen during summer with 42 cases (49.4%). Maximum number of deaths were due to suicide (95.2%) followed by accidental poisoning (4.8%). Majority of poisoning cases were seen in Hindu population (82.3%) and maximum cases were seen in married people (74.1%). Conclusion- Agrochemical pesticides especially Organophosphorus compounds are responsible for most of the poison related fatalities, which is seen in our present study. Strict legal enforcement in selling and handling of agrochemicals is the need of the hour, and establishment of poison detection centres and early management of poisoning cases at all hospitals, primary health care centres could considerably minimise the morbidity and mortality due to poisoning.
Análise estrutural e funcional do cDNA para a enzima acetilcolinesterase de Lutzomyia longipalpis

Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) plays a key role in the cholinergic impulse transmission and is the target enzyme for organophosphorus and carbamate insecticides. Two genes, Ace1 and Ace2, have been characterized from different insect species and in mosquitoes two point mutations in the Ace1 gene were associated with resistance. Although resistance to these insecticides has not yet being detected in sand flies, the possibility exists for the selection of such phenotype. Here, we analyzed the Lutzomyia longipalpis AChE inhibition by organophosphorus compounds and describe the partial characterization of a cDNA that codes for acetylcholinesterase in this specie. Our results point to the presence of a single Ace gene in L. longipalpis and that AChE activity is inhibited by organophosphorus at a concentration of 5 x 10 M. In the analysis of a truncated AChE was observed that this sequence is most similar to dipterans AChE1, and the F331W mutation is less likely to occur than the G119S substitution, as the former faces codon constraint in this sand fly. Comparison of the 3D structures of the truncated LLAChE with that of A. gambiae and C. tritaeniorhynchus suggests that similar structural modifications due to the mis-sense amino acid changes in the active site gorge could be detected in all three insects.
Tools for managing hydrologic alteration on a regional scale: Setting targets to protect stream health

Funding information California State Water Resources Control Board, Grant/Award Number: (#12-430-550) Abstract 1. Widespread hydrologic alteration creates a need for tools to assess ecological impacts to streams that can be applied across large geographic scales. A regional framework for biologically based flow management can help catchment managers prioritise streams for protection, evaluate impacts of disturbance or interventions and provide a starting point for causal assessment in degraded streams. However, lack of flow data limit the ability to assess hydrologic conditions across a region. 2. Hydrologic models can address this problem. Regionally calibrated hydrologic models were used to estimate current and reference flows at 572 bioassessment sites in southern and central coastal California. Flow alteration was characterised as the difference in 39 flow metrics calculated from simulations of present-day and reference flow time-series, calculated under up to four precipitation conditions. 3. Biological condition was assessed with the California Stream Condition Index (CSCI) and its components. Logistic regressions were used to predict the likelihood of high scores (i.e. ≥10th percentile of the CSCI reference calibration data). Statistically significant relationships between increasing severity of hydrologic alteration and decreasing biological condition were used to set thresholds that reflected tolerance for risk of a stakeholder advisory group. 4. An index of hydrologic alteration was created by selecting flow metrics based on their importance for predicting biological response variables in boosted regression tree models. Metrics were selected in the order of decreasing importance, and no more than two metrics per metric class were selected (i.e. duration, frequency, magnitude, timing and variability). Seven metrics were selected: HighDur (duration of high-flow events), HighNum (# of high-flow events), NoDisturb (duration between highor low-flow events), MaxMonthQ (maximum monthly discharge), Q99 (99th percentile of daily streamflow), QmaxIDR (interdecile range of annual maxima) and RBI (Richards–Baker Index). 5. Applying the index to data from a probabilistic survey, 34% of stream-miles in southern California were estimated to be hydrologically altered. One of four management priorities were assigned to each site based on biological condition and hydrologic status: protection (healthy and unaltered, 52% of stream-miles), Accepted: 2 December 2017
Review of Yield Comparison Options for Planning Irrigation Reservoirs in Ungauged Watersheds

Irrigation reservoir design is often associated with ungauged watersheds. Irrigation system planners have the option of selecting either traditional institutional guidelines or more recently calibrated and verified hydrologic models to compute watershed yield. A design watershed yield is the key for sustainable irrigation reservoir development. Design values not only should lead to reliable estimates but also require the incorporation of safety factors for both rainfall uncertainty and modelling uncertainties. Empirical design yield calculation options in guidelines require explicit rationalization to determine appropriate design levels. Use of popular watershed models , developed and calibrated with other datasets, too requires the guidance to convert the estimations as design watershed yield with the use of safety factors. Therefore, both options need to clearly express the reliability of yield estimations and the associated safety factors for a sustainable practice of water management. Comparison of available alternatives in the light of methods and incorporation of safety is a necessity to select the appropriate option for water resources design in ungauged watersheds. Accordingly, the objective of the present work is to carry out a critical review of available methods to recommend a selection for estimation of streamflow yield from ungauged watersheds. A comprehensive literature review is carried out considering available text books, guidelines and other literature. The study looked at the runoff estimation methods, strengths and difficulties, incorporation of safety factors etc., when deriving design watershed yield from watershed yield. The review of 110 related documents revealed that, although there is literature on models for the estimation of watershed yield, there is a gap in the applicability at various locations and in the conversion to design watershed yield. Irrigation Department Sri Lanka has reported the most detailed direct yield model with threshold considerations. Unit Hydrograph model has many text book references while HEC HMS is the most commonly cited process-based model for runoff estimations. The review shows that, amidst the drawbacks in the present documentation, the best available optionfor a practicing engineer to compute design watershed yield is to use a similar approach that is indicated in the guidelines of Irrigation Department of Sri Lanka. There is an urgent necessity to verify guideline recommended design watershed yield estimation methods by using observed data and take measures to incorporate explicit safety factors.
Some Agronomical Practices for Improving Growth ,Yield and Quality of Pea Growing at Late Seasons. بعض الممارسات الزراعیة لتحسین النمو والمحصول والجودة للبسلة المنزرعة فی العروات المتأخرة

This work was carried out at the Experimental Farm of El-Baramoon Research Station, Horticulture Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, during the late winter season of 2018 and 2019 to study the effect of two sowing dates (20th January and 20th February), foliar applications, i.e., brassinolide (5 and10 mg/l), mixture of growth regulator (0.5 and 1cm/l), dry yeast extract (5 and 10gm/l) potassium nitrate (1 and 2 gm/l) and potassium silicate (2.5 and 5gm/l) in addition to vernalization practice and their interactions on growth, yield and its components characteristics of pea cv. Master- B.The obtained results revealed that, the first sowing date induced a higher growth values , yield and its components and chemical composition of seeds compared with the second sowing date. Spraying brassinolide at 10 mg/l gave the highest growth, yield and chemical components of pea plants, followed by potassium nitrate at 2gm/l, growth regulators mixture at 1cm/l and yeast extract at 10gm/l. Sowing pea seeds in 20th January and spraying with brassinolide at 10 mg/l introduced the best interaction with respect to growth, yield components and chemical composition of seeds. From the obtained results it could be recommended that sowing pea in 20th January and spraying with brassinolide (10 mg/l) and/or potassium nitrate at 2gm/l, and/or growth regulators mixture at 1cm/l and/or yeast extract at 10 gm/l improved growth, yield and chemical composition of pea growing at late season conditions .
Removal of Chromium (VI) from Tannery Effluent Using Bio-Char of Phoenix reclinata Seeds

The potential of the Senegal date palm (Phoenix reclinata) seed bio-char to remove chromium (VI) ions from aqueous solutions by adsorption was investigated. Adsorption experiments were performed on the tannery effluent and standard aqueous solutions of chromium (VI) for varying adsorbent doses, contact times, pH, temperatures, and interfering anionic ions by batch mode. Phoenix reclinata seeds (PRS) bio-char was used in the investigation and the residual chromium (VI) was determined using the atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS). Results showed that the bio-char removed up to 86% of chromium (VI) ions in the effluent at pH 2. The highest percentage adsorption registered was 97% in an aqueous solution of chromium (VI) at pH 1 and this dropped to less than 10% at pH greater than 2. A general increase in adsorption with the increase in temperature was observed but reduced when the temperature was raised beyond 60°C. The presence of interfering anions caused a reduction in the adsorption of chromium (VI) ions. The adsorption process fitted both Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption models and the maximum adsorption capacity, Qo, was 0.6593 mg/g. Thus, PRS bio-char can therefore be used by industries and institutions like secondary schools to treat effluents that contain chromium (VI).
UNDERSTANDING ‘FAKE NEWS’: A BIBLIOGRAPHIC PERSPECTIVE

False information that appears similar to trustworthy media content, or what is commonly referred to as ‘fake news’, is pervasive in both traditional and digital strategic communication channels. This paper presents a comprehensive bibliographic analysis of published academic articles related to ‘fake news’ and the related concepts of truthiness, post-factuality, and deepfakes. Using the Web of Science database and VOSViewer software, papers published on these topics were extracted and analysed to identify and visualise key trends, influential authors, and journals focusing on these topics. Articles in our dataset tend to cite authors, papers, and journals that are also within the dataset, suggesting that the conversation surrounding ‘fake news’ is still relatively centralised. Based on our findings, this paper develops a conceptual ‘fake news’ framework—derived from variations of the intention to deceive and/or harm—classifying ‘fake news’ into four subtypes: mis-information, dis-information, mal-information, and non-information. We conclude that most existing studies of ‘fake news’ investigate mis-information and dis-information, thus we suggest further study of mal-information and non-information. This paper helps scholars, practitioners, and global policy makers who wish to understand the current state of the academic conversation related to ‘fake news’, and to determine important areas for further research.
Recent Progress in Stem Cell Research of the Pituitary Gland and Pituitary Adenoma

Regenerative medicine and anti-tumoral therapy have been developed through understanding tissue stem cells and cancer stem cells (CSCs). The concept of tissue stem cells has been applied to the pituitary gland (PG). Recently, PG stem cells (PGSCs) were successfully differentiated from human embryonic stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells, showing an in vivo therapeutic effect in a hypopituitary model. Pituitary adenomas (PAs) are common intracranial neoplasms that are generally benign, but treatment resistance remains a major concern. The concept of CSCs applies to PA stem cells (PASCs). Genetic alterations in human PGSCs result in PASC development, leading to treatment-resistant PAs. To determine an efficient treatment against refractory PAs, it is of paramount importance to understand the relationship between PGSCs, PASCs and PAs. The goal of this review is to discuss several new findings about PGSCs and the roles of PASCs in PA tumorigenesis.
A Survey and Ecological Risk Assessment
of Niclosamide and Its Degradation Intermediate
in Wucheng Waters within Poyang Lake Basin,
China

Long-term use of niclosamide (NCL) in schistosomiasis control areas may have a certain impact on the regional ecological environment. The purpose of this study is to investigate the NCL residue and its possible degradation intermediates in the Wucheng water in the Poyang Lake Basin of China, and assess its ecological risks. Water samples were collected at twelve sites every month from July 2017 to June 2018, the collected samples were qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed by HPLC and HPLC/MS techniques, and regional ecotoxicological risks were estimated by calculating risk quotients (RQ). The results indicated that due to the use of NCL, the regional water environment contained NCL, 2-chloro-4-nitroaniline, 5-chlorosalicylic acid and 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid, etc, and their concentrations were 0.000~0.028 μg/L, 0.000~0.015 μg/L, 0.000~0.019 μg/L, below detectable limit, respectively. The mixed risk quotient (MRQ) for sensitive aquatic organisms algae, invertebrates and fish was 0.000~0.707, 0.000~0.864, 0.000~0.935, respectively. These findings demonstrated that the mixture of NCL residues and their intermediates has a moderate risk to sensitive aquatic organisms such as algae, invertebrates and fish in Wucheng waters. In order to protect the regional water environment, it is necessary to strengthen the supervision and management work after the application of NCL drugs.
Reliability of DNA methylation measures using Illumina methylation BeadChip

ABSTRACT Illumina BeadChips are widely utilized in epigenome-wide association studies (EWAS). Several studies have reported that many probes on these arrays have poor reliability. Here, we compare different pre-processing methods to improve intra-class correlation coefficients (ICC). We describe the characteristics of ICC across the genome, within and between studies, and across different array platforms. Using technical duplicates from 128 subjects, we find that with raw data only 22.5% of the CpGs on 450 K array have ‘acceptable’ ICCs (>0.5). Data preprocessing steps, such as background correction and dye bias correction, can reduce technical noise and improve the percentage to 38.5%. Similar to previous studies, we found that ICC is associated with CpG methylation level such that 83% of CpGs with intermediate methylation (0.1< beta-value <0.9) have acceptable ICCs, whereas only 21% of CpGs with low or high methylation (beta-value <0.1 or >0.9) have acceptable ICCs. ICC is also correlated with CpG methylation variance; after mutual adjustment for beta-value and variance, only variance remains correlated. Many CpGs with poor ICCs (<0.5) are located in biologically important regulatory regions, including gene promoters and CpG islands. Poor ICC at these sites appears to be a consequence of low biologic variation among individuals rather than increased technical measurement variation. ICCs quality classifications are highly concordant across different array platforms and across different studies. We find that ICC can be reliably estimated with 30 pairs of duplicate samples. CpGs with acceptable ICC have higher study power and are more commonly reported in published epigenome-wide studies.
Changing Courses in Midstream: COVID-19 and the Transition to Online Delivery in Two Undergraduate Chemistry Courses

Following the declaration of COVID-19 as a pandemic by the World Health Organization, The University of British Columbia shifted their instruction to online delivery. This communication describes the foundational principles used in two courses: first-year Introductory Chemistry and upper-year Materials Chemistry, to navigate this transition. The authors outline their efforts to apply these principles effectively in the context of the differing logistical needs. Throughout this work, student perceptions obtained from course-specific survey data collected at the end of the January–April 2020 term are underlined. Lastly, this work summarizes our plans for remote content delivery in the fall of 2020.
Advances in solid catalysts for selective hydrogenolysis of glycerol to 1,3-propanediol

ABSTRACT Glycerol is one of the top 12 platform chemicals obtained from biomass. Its surplus availability as a by-product of biodiesel, fat-splitting and soap manufacturing industries and affordable price lends significant opportunity for its valorization, using solid catalysts, into propanediols (PDOs), particularly to 1,3-propanediol (1,3-PDO), by selective hydrogenolysis. 1,3-PDO is an important chemical with wide applications including that as a precursor in polymers manufacturing. However, the synthesis of 1,3-PDO by selective cleavage of the secondary C-O bond of glycerol in the presence of hydrogen (instead of the primary C-O bond yielding 1,2-PDO) is highly challenging. Of late, supported Pt and Ir catalysts in combination with a reducible oxide (WOx or ReOx) were found selective for 1,3-PDO formation. Support, metals composition and additives (co-added metals) affect the performance of these catalysts. Detailed investigations revealed that metal dispersion, electronic connectivity between metal and metal oxide/support, hydrogen activation/spillover and Brönsted acidity are some parameters that influence the activity and selectivity of these bi-functional, metal-metal oxide catalysts. This review summarizes the latest advances in these solid catalysts for selective hydrogenolysis of glycerol to 1,3-PDO, a monomer for advanced polymers.
Marine Sediment Characterized by Ocean‐Bottom Fiber‐Optic Seismology

The Sanriku ocean‐bottom seismometer system uses an optical fiber cable to guarantee real‐time observations at the seafloor. A dark fiber connected to a Distributed Acoustic Sensing (DAS) interrogator converted the cable in an array of 19,000 seismic sensors. We use these measurements to constrain the velocity structure under a section of the cable. Our analysis relies on 24 hr of ambient seismic field recordings. We obtain a high‐resolution 2‐D shear‐wave velocity profile by inverting multimode dispersion curves extracted from frequency‐wave number analysis. We also produce a reflection image from autocorrelations of ambient seismic field, highlighting strong impedance contrasts at the interface between the sedimentary layers and the basement. In addition, earthquake wavefield analysis and modeling help to further constrain the sediment properties under the cable. Our results show for the first time that ocean‐bottom DAS can produce detailed images of the subsurface, opening new opportunities for cost‐effective ocean‐bottom imaging in the future.
Young People’s Perceptions of the Influence of a Sport-for-Social-Change Program on Their Life Trajectories

Sport-for-social-change programs focusing on enhancing young people’s personal and social development emerged in the early to mid-2000s. Children and adolescents who participated in early programs are now adults, providing an opportunity to examine whether these programs have had any influence on their life trajectories. The Football United program has been operating in Sydney, Australia, since 2006 and is used as a case study in this article. This qualitative study draws on 20 interviews conducted in 2018 with a diverse sample of past participants of the program. Key findings were that participants perceived that the relationships they formed at Football United have had a substantial impact on their life trajectories, including influencing education and career decisions. These relationships were found to increase participants’ social capital, creating diverse connections with people and institutions within and external to their geographical communities. This study also found participants embraced a long-term commitment to ‘give back’ to their local geographical, cultural, and ethnic communities, which they attributed to their participation in the program.
Firework discharge leading to cerebral contusion and motor paraplegia

A 57-year-old male sustained a blunt head injury after discharging a mortar firework off the vertex of his head. Physical examination revealed a stellate scalp lesion and pure bilateral leg paraplegia. Initial spinal computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging were negative for pathology. Initial head computed tomography revealed open, nondisplaced, frontal, and parietal skull fractures with underlying subdural and subarachnoid hemorrhage. Follow-up magnetic resonance imaging one week later showed bilateral precentral gyri frontal lobe contusions involving the lower extremity motor cortices and subcortical white matter extending anteriorly into the region of the supplementary motor areas. The patient's complete paraplegia informed the subsequent hospital rehabilitation. However, motor recovery was more rapid than anticipated, with the patient regaining ambulatory function before inpatient rehabilitation discharge after 27 days of hospitalization. He continued to have issues with spasticity after discharge. We discuss the current literature surrounding paraplegia secondary to head trauma and the recovery that follows. Firework misuse is a known cause of head injury but has not been recorded as a cause of isolated bilateral paraplegia. Isolated precentral gyri contusion must be considered in patients presenting with paraplegia following trauma to the vertex of the head and normal spinal imaging. We show the importance of repeat imaging to follow the evolving nature of traumatic head injuries presenting with paraplegia. We also illustrate the variability in rehabilitation planning and the need for adjustment in rehabilitation planning for paraplegic patients following head trauma.