Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Correlation of Air-Borne Grass Pollen Levels with Meteorological Data

Abstract The effects of the widely differing weather conditions of the summers of 1977 and 1978 on the concentration of air-borne grass pollen over an area on the west coast of Ireland were investigated. The incidence of both total and grass pollen in the atmosphere was significantly lower in the 1978 season than in 1977. The difference in concentration recorded for the two seasons was attributed mainly to wind direction which in the summer of 1978 blew mostly over the sea while in the corresponding period of 1977 was predominantly overland. A correlation was also made between the recorded pollen counts for both seasons and the recorded wind velocity, rainfall and incidence of allergy resulting from grass pollen in the area.
SIDEROPHORE PRODUCTION, SERUM RESISTANCE, HEMOLYTIC ACTIVITY AND EXTENDED-SPECTRUM β-LACTAMASE-PRODUCING KLEBSIELLA SPECIES ISOLATED FROM MILK AND MILK PRODUCTS

This study aimed at the isolation and identification of Klebsiella spp. from dairy product to establish their public health significance by determining their virulence factors, antibiotic resistance and extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL). Klebsiella pneumoniae, Klebsiella oxytoca and Klebsiella rhinoscleromatis were identified in 25 (58%), 11 (26%) and 7 (16%) isolates, respectively. A high prevalence of Klebsiella isolates had virulence factors such as siderophore production (63%), serum resistance (32.5%) and hemolytic activity (58%). ESBL-producing Klebsiella spp. was detected in 35% of the isolates. Resistance to the antimicrobial agents tested was found to be much higher in the ESBL-producing Klebsiella spp. than in non-ESBL-producing isolates. All ESBL-producing Klebsiella spp. showed high-level resistance to cephalosporins and monobactams. The majority of the serum resistant, siderophore, hemolysin and ESBL producers were K. pneumoniae.
Relationship between histopathological lesions and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in diseases of the foot of the horse

Le nombre croissant d'etudes histopathologiques portant sur les tissus du pied a permis d'expliquer et de valider les variations des signaux obtenus par l'imagerie de resonance magnetique (IRM) dans la pratique equine clinique. En particulier, l'IRM a permis d'elucider les differents grades des anomalies histologiques et peut-etre aussi les differentes etapes de la progression de la degenerescence du tendon flechisseur profond et de l'os naviculaire. Cependant, des travaux supplementaires sont necessaires pour continuer d'ameliorer nos connaissances sur les differentes causes de boiterie du pied et leur pathogenie.
Salt Tolerance of Invasive Phalaris arundinacea Exceeds That of Native Carex stricta (Wisconsin)

Microbial Community Indicators of Soil Development in Tropical Secondary Forests (Costa Rica) William D. Eaton (Dept of Biological sciences and the school of Environmental and life sciences, Kean University, 1000 Morris ave, Union, nJ 07083, weaton@kean.edu), Emily giles (Dept of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of tennessee, Knoxville, egiles@utk.edu) and Dwight Barry (center of Excellence, Peninsula college, Port angeles, Wa dbarry@pencol.edu])
The differentiation of rat-induced pluripotent stem cells into alveolar type II epithelial cells with a three-step induction protocol

Induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells derive from autologous somatic cells, the application prospect of iPS cells for regenerative medicine and tissue engineering is better than embryonic stem cells (ESCs) to some extent. Alveolar type II (AT II) epithelial cells play key role in the injured lung tissue regeneration and function recovery. The differentiation of iPS cells into AT II cells could provide available source for injured lung treatment. In this study, rat iPS (riPS) cells were resuscitated and proliferated for 14 days before differentiation. A modified three-step induction protocol similar to the reported ESCs inducing procedure was used in this study for the differentiation groups. Routine cell culture was done to the riPS cell control group (riPS-con). At stage 3, cells of day 7 (Diff. 7) and day 14 (Diff. 14) were collected for the real-time polymerase chain reaction tests for gene expressions of Oct4, Nanog, SPA, SPB, SPC, SPD, and CC10. Immunofluorescence staining of SPC and SSEA-1 was conducted. At the end of the differentiation, cell morphology became outstretched and epithelium-like. Cells of the Diff. 14 group positively expressed SPC and negatively expressed SSEA-1, which is contrary to the riPS-con group. In the Diff. 7 and the Diff. 14 groups, the expression of Oct4, Nanog, and SPB decreased (P < 0.05), whereas the expression of SPA, SPC, SPD (P < 0.05), and CC10 (P > 0.05) increased. This study indicated that riPS cells can successfully differentiate into AT II epithelial cells with the three-step induction protocol and may be further applied to implanting in decellularized rat lung scaffolds and building a bio-artificial lung.
Phylogenetic analyses of the bat family Rhinolophidae

The 35 mensural traits of 62 species from the family Rhinolophidae were analyzed by the maximum likelihood method using data matrices after size-free and common-part-removed transformations. Of several groups of species recognized by most earlier researchers, only a few are well defined and supported phylogenetically. The majority, like the philippinensis group of Tate (1943), for example, do not represent natural assemblages. The results suggest south-east Asia as a centre of origin for the family. The extreme morphological similarity among horseshoe bats appears to reflect the monophyly of the genus Rhinolophus. Zusammenfassung Bei 62 Arten der Familie Rhinolophidae wurden 35 metrische Merkmale mittels der Maximum-likelihood-Methode analysiert. Durch Transformationen wurden die Datenmatrizen vorher von gemeinsamen Grosenfaktoren unabhangig gemacht. Von mehreren, in fruheren Untersuchungen ermittelten Artengruppen sind nur wenige gut definierbar und durch phylogenetische Untersuchungen zu belegen. Die Mehrheit, wie etwa die philippinensis Gruppe von Tate (1943), spiegelt keine naturlichen Gruppierungen wider. Die Ergebnisse deuten auf Sudostasien als Zentrum des Ursprunges fur die Familie hin. Der extreme hohe morphologische Ahnlichkeitsgrad unter den Hufeisennasen scheint den monophyletischen Ursprung der Gattung Rhinolophus zu bestatigen.
Effects of oil-laden sediments on growth and health of juvenile flatfishes

Juvenile yellowfin sole (Pleuronectes asper), rock sole (Pleuronectes bilineatus), and Pacific halibut (Hippoglossus stenolepis) had reduced growth following 30-90 days of exposure to sediments laden with Alaska North Slope crude oil. Changes in fish health bioindicators after 90 days, i.e., increases in fin erosion, liver lipidosis, gill hyperplasia, and gill parasites, coupled with decreases in macrophage aggregates, occurred at hydrocarbon concentrations (1600 µg/g) that reduced growth 34-56% among the flatfishes. Chronic hydrocarbon pollution of nearshore nursery sediments could alter growth and health of juvenile flatfishes. Recruitment of juveniles to the fishery may decline because of increased susceptibility to predation and slower growth.
Letting giants be – rethinking active fire management of old‐growth eucalypt forest in the Australian tropics

Tall old-growth forests are of global social-economic, political and ecological significance. These forests contribute significantly to the global carbon budget and are of high conservation value given sustained logging and clearing over the past two centuries (Tng et al . 2012a). In Australia, these old-growth forests extend from tropical to temperate regions of Australia in areas where rainfall exceeds 1000 mm per year, being characterized by emergent eucalypt trees attaining statures of 30 m to more than 80 m, with canopy and understorey layers consisting of mesophytic broad-leaved trees and treelets, sclerophyllous shrubs and graminoids (Fig. 1). These forests support some of the tallest flowering plants in the world, are important habitats for a unique suite of flora and fauna, and are important forest cover for metropolitan water catchments – values that make giant eucalypt forests a focal point of scientific study and ecotourism (Tng et al . 2012a). Until recently, these eucalypt forests were extensively exploited as a timber resource, but now, most remaining old-growth stands have been set aside for conservation. In some regions containing giant eucalypt forest, native forestry activities either have ceased or are based on shortrotation harvests of regrowth forests, meaning that the trees can never achieve their potential size. Regeneration typically occurs after landscape fires, and fire is also used to initiate regeneration of temperate eucalypts after logging and to reduce fuel loads (Attiwill et al ., in press). In temperate regions, fire management of the remaining stands of old-growth giant eucalypt forest is largely based upon fire suppression and fuel reduction burning in surrounding open forests, as fires in giant eucalypt forests are extremely difficult to control because these forests are only flammable under dangerous fire weather conditions (Bowman et al . 2013). In subtropical and tropical forests, fuel reduction burning is used to reduce fire hazard within the giant forests as well as in adjacent open forests and savannas. What constitutes the most appropriate and ecologically sustainable fire management practices of these giant forests remains a controversial issue among scientists, land managers and conservationists. Here, we outline recent advances in landscape ecology theory, palaeoecology and functional biology research on a giant eucalypt forest type in the Wet Tropics region of northeast Australia to explore options to achieve sustainable management of these systems. Given the ecological similarity between Australia’s giant eucalypt forests and other old-growth forests in the Northern Hemisphere (Tng et al . 2012a), the insights gleaned herein have implications for a wide range of old-growth forests. Further, the expansion of rain forest into surrounding savannas has implications for the management of savannas and grasslands, where there remains debate as to whether increased woody biomass should be managed using fire or allowed to accumulate (Bond & Parr 2010).
Relation of Egg Weight to Chick Weight at Hatching.

Abstract As a by-product of experimental work to determine the influence of specific gravity on the hatching power and fertility of hens eggs, some data was obtained on the relative weights of chicks hatched from eggs of varying sizes. The eggs which produced three hundred and fifty-two chicks were weighed accurately at the beginning of the experiment as were the chicks from each egg, at hatching time. All eggs were incubated under like conditions, the same operator being responsible for all hatches. Machines of the moisture pan type were used. Data on the fertility and hatching power of large and small eggs was also obtained. Table I gives this data which agrees substantially with that reported by Benjamin in Cornell Memoirs No. 31, (A Study of Selections for the Size, Shape and Color of Hens Eggs.) It is noted that the abnormally large eggs did not hatch as well as abnormally .
Stomatal control of water use efficiency in poplar clones and hybrids

Water use efficiency (WUE, the ratio of dry matter produced to water used in transpiration) was studied in 17 poplar clones and hybrids. Although WUE could not be predicted from the poplar group alone, water efficiency was found to vary in different poplar genotypes. For example, a balsam poplar, Populus maximowiczii M-4 (section Tacamahaca), and a white poplar clone, P. alba A-499 (section Leuce), had twice the dry matter production per unit of water transpired compared with another clone of P. maximowiczii (M-13) and a Cottonwood clone, P. nigra N-80 (section Aegeiros), which showed low WUE. The reduced transpiration in water-efficient clones per unit of dry matter produced was associated with a higher stomatal resistance on the abaxial leaf surface. However, the physiological and morphological basis of WUE varied in different clones. Water-efficient clones exhibited one or more of the following adaptations restricting water loss: (i) conspicuous cuticular ledges or hairs above the pore openings of stom.
Natal and breeding dispersal in a reintroduced population of White‐tailed Eagles Haliaeetus albicilla

Capsule Natal dispersal distance was significantly shorter in males than in females. Aim To examine the correlates of variation in dispersal in a reintroduced population of White‐tailed Eagles Haliaeetus albicilla in western Scotland. Methods Observations of natal (or release) sites and subsequent breeding sites of individually marked birds were used to calculate natal dispersal distance (NDD; the distance between natal (or release) site and first breeding site) and breeding dispersal distance, which is the distance moved by adults between sites of reproduction. Results NDD was significantly shorter in males than in females. Male NDD did not change over the 25+‐year study as the population expanded. Female NDD appeared to increase over time. Brood size at fledging and fledging date were not associated with NDD in either sex. There was no evidence of an association between parent and offspring NDD. Breeding dispersal was uncommon and involved moves to neighbouring territories when it did occur. Conclusions In White‐tailed Eagles, like the vast majority of animals, most movements affecting gene flow and demography result from natal dispersal. Our finding that NDD was lower in males than in females was consistent with the hypothesis that males compete for resources in order to attract females, and hence there is a greater selective advantage for males to stay closer to their natal sites, whereas females choose between the available resources of different males and so can disperse further. The apparent increase in female NDD over time was probably because, when first reintroduced, all birds shared the same ‘natal’ (release) site and female NDD was initially constrained to follow male NDD (since males settle at breeding sites earlier than females). Later, however, greater female NDD could be expressed in an expanded population with greater range of natal and breeding sites. There was little evidence that NDD of White‐tailed Eagles in western Scotland is being affected by increasing population density, suggesting that carrying capacity is far from being realized.
Genetic properties of drought tolerance indices in sunflower

Abstract The objective of the present study was genetic analysis of yield-based drought tolerance indices using the diallel method. Twenty-one genotypes of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) derived from a half diallel cross between six inbred lines were evaluated in both stress and non-stress conditions using a randomized complete block design for each one. Eight drought tolerance indices comprising stress tolerance index (STI), mean productivity (MP), geometric mean productivity (GMP), harmonic mean (HM), stress susceptibility index (SSI), tolerance index (TOL), yield index (YI) and yield stability index (YSI) were calculated based on grain yield under stress and non-stress environments. Significant genotypic differences were observed in TOL, GMP, MPSTI, HM and YI. Diallel analyses revealed the importance of both additive and non-additive gene effects in GMP, STI, HM and YI. However, the Baker ratio supported the predominance of an additive effect in their expression. Our results demonstrated that SSI, YSI, TOL and MP are not reliable indices to select drought tolerant genotypes in sunflower breeding programmes because of their low heritability. Indices such as GMP, STI, HM and YI were moderately heritable and are usually able to select high-yielding genotypes in both environments and could be usefully employed in drought tolerance breeding programmes of sunflower.
Control of periphyton standing crop in an Atlantic Forest stream: the relative roles of nutrients, grazers and predators

SUMMARY 1. Periphytic algae are an important source of energy fuelling stream food webs. Periphytic algal biomass can be controlled by bottom-up and top-down forces, but there are few studies that have investigated these effects simultaneously, especially in tropical streams, where periphyton can be a very important carbon source. Here, we investigated the bottom-up effects of nutrients and the top-down effects of grazers and predators in a coastal tropical stream in Brazil. 2. We employed nutrient-diffusing substrata to test for nutrient limitation, placed inside electric exclosures of different intensities, which prevented consumers from entering the electrified area. We used four types of substrata: one enriched with nitrogen alone (N), one with phosphorus alone (P), one with nitrogen + phosphorus (NP) and one control with no nutrients added (C). The electric exclosure had three treatments: high electricity that excluded both predators (Macrobrachium olfersi shrimps) and grazers (Baetidae mayflies), low electricity that excluded only shrimps, and a control treatment with no electricity where both shrimps and mayflies were allowed to enter. 3. The limiting nutrient in the stream was nitrogen. Our results showed a greater magnitude of bottom-up effects, with periphytic algae responding more strongly to nutrient addition than to grazers or predators. Top-down control was not as strong, but periphytic algae responded negatively to grazers, especially in the absence of predators. This suggests that shrimps, either directly or indirectly, inhibit mayfly grazing activity. The response of periphytic algae to nutrients was stronger in the absence of grazers. Thus, top-down effects, both directly and indirectly through a trophic cascade, can dampen the response to nitrogen addition, diminishing the degree of resource limitation.
INTERACTIONS OF 1‐METHYLADENINE AND THE SURFACE OF STARFISH OOCYTE

Three metabolic inhibitors, mycostatin, concanavalin A (Con A) and cytochalasin B (CB) were used to study the interactions between l‐methyladenine (1‐MA) and the starfish oocyte surface leading to germinal vesicle breakdown (GVB). Mycostatin and Con A had no obvious effects on GVB. CB did not inhibit, but did delay GVB. This delaying effect was interpreted as having multiple 1‐MA reactive “sites” on the surface. The results also suggested that not all of them were needed to react with 1‐MA to bring about GVB.
Is the east–west division of haplotypes of the three‐spot seahorse along Wallace's Line novel among marine organisms?

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Estimativa de parâmetros genéticos para características de carcaça em um rebanho de suínos Large White

In order to estimate genetic parameters for swine carcasses traits, data of dressing percentage (DP), carcass length by Brazilian method (CLBM) and American method (CLAM), average backfat thickness (ABT), backfat thickness at 6.5 cm from the dorsal line (P2), loin eye area (LEA), lean:fat ratio (LFR), ham yield (HY), lean, fat and lean cuts yields (LY, FY and LCY), fat weight:lean weight ratio (FLR), and lean tissue growth rate (LTGR) obtained from 711 swine of the Large White breed, were used. (Co)variances components were estimated by the Restricted Maximum Likelyhood Method (REML) including in the model fixed effects of sex and contemporary group, and random effects of animal. Covariables "slaughter weight" for DP and "cold carcass weight" for CLBM, CLAM, ABT, P2, LEA and LFR, were used. For DP, CLBM, CLAM, ABT, P2, LEA, LFR, HY, LY, FY, LCY, FLR and LTGR, the estimates of h2 were 0.39, 0.34, 0.19, 0.17, 0.16, 0.27, 0.15, 0.12, 0.45, 0.36, 0.32, 0.39 and 0.37, respectively. Backfat thickness, P2 and LFR were the most genetically correlated traits with the carcass fat and meat contents and LEA, CLAM and HY showed intermediary values. In general, the same trend was observed for the phenotypic correlations. LEA and LFR showed greatest genetic and phenotypic correlation with LTGR, concluding that there is improve of animal carcass quality and the lean production rate through selection.
Proteolytic and Lipolytic Changes in Beef Inoculated with Spoilage Microorganisms and Bioprotective Lactic Acid Bacteria

Abstract The use of a controlled lactic fermentation has been studied by several authors as a means to extend meat shelf‐life without notably altering its sensory quality. Growth and metabolite production by spoilage microorganisms as well as by bioprotective strains are influenced by storage conditions. The objective of this work was to study the effect of temperature and storage time upon the growth and metabolite production of four spoilage bacteria and three bioprotective lactic acid strains in vacuum packaged, finely cut beef. Lipolysis was mainly due to the presence of Brochothrix thermosphacta at 4°C and at 20°C, whereas proteolysis was mainly caused by pseudomonads. Presence of Lactobacillus minor, a heterofermentative strain, did not promote proteolysis nor lipolysis at either temperature. No considerable lipolysis was observed until day 8 of storage in samples inoculated with bioprotective strains, but increased at day 12 when stored at 20°C; no proteolysis was observed at any storage temperature.