Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Análise da dinâmica, estrutura de focos e arranjo espacial da mancha manteigosa em campo

Objetivou-se estudar a dispersao espacial da mancha manteigosa em cafeeiro, por meio de arranjos espaciais e da analise da dinâmica e estruturas de focos da doenca durante tres anos consecutivos. Nesse periodo, nao houve progresso da doenca no campo. Sob plantas doentes, surgiam mudas com sintomas da doenca, um indicio da transmissibilidade via semente. Constatou-se um total de 10 focos, com media de 2,5 plantas/focos e com tendencia desses focos (maior numero de plantas sintomaticas) na direcao das linhas de plantios, tendo disposicao de forma eliptica. Observou-se numero elevado de focos unitarios, correspondendo a 52% das plantas doentes. Pelas analises de sequencias ordinarias runs e doublet verificou-se padrao espacial aleatorio. Tal fato indica que a mancha manteigosa ocorre a partir de plantas isoladas (focos unitarios) e que a principal via de transmissao e a semente (semente/planta/semente).
SEASONAL FLIGHT AND VERTICAL DISTRIBUTION OF SCOLYTIDAE ATTRACTED TO ETHANOL IN AN OAK-HICKORY FOREST IN MISSOURI

Abstract Window flight traps baited with ethanol attracted 15 genera representing 25 species of scolytids. Monarthrum fasciatum and Xyleborus saxeseni were the most frequently trapped scolytids. Evidence for seasonal flight periods and vertical flight distribution are presented for Hypothenemus dissimilis, X. ferrugineus, X. saxeseni, X. sayi, X. xylographus, M. fasciatum, M. mali, and Corthylus columbianus. Live Q. velutina injected with ethanol attracted five species of scolytids: X. saxeseni, X. xylographus, M. fasciatum, M. mali, and C. columbianus.
Antioxidant Constituents from Xylopia championii.

Abstract Xylopia championii. Hook. f. & Thoms. (Annonaceae) is endemic to Sri Lanka. The antioxidant and antifungal activities of five alkaloids, oxopurpureine, (+)-laudanidine, (−)-discretine, nordicentrine, and dehydrocorytenchine, isolated from the stem bark and stem of X. championii. , were studied. The alkaloids, (+)-laudanidine and (−)-discretine, at a concentration of 0.5 mg/mL, exhibited exceptionally high antioxidant activity, where as nordicentrine and dehydrocorytenchine showed moderate activity as compared with the standard antioxidant dl-α -tocopherol in the DPPH assay. All five alkaloids were subjected to an antifungal bioassay against Clodosporium cladosporioides. Nordicentrine showed the most potent antifungal activity at 6 μ g/spot, and (-)-discretine showed moderate activity at 30.0 μg/spot.
Object Detection through Modified YOLO Neural Network

In the field of object detection, recently, tremendous success is achieved, but still it is a very challenging task to detect and identify objects accurately with fast speed. Human beings can detect and recognize multiple objects in images or videos with ease regardless of the object’s appearance, but for computers it is challenging to identify and distinguish between things. In this paper, a modified YOLOv1 based neural network is proposed for object detection. The new neural network model has been improved in the following ways. Firstly, modification is made to the loss function of the YOLOv1 network. The improved model replaces the margin style with proportion style. Compared to the old loss function, the new is more flexible and more reasonable in optimizing the network error. Secondly, a spatial pyramid pooling layer is added; thirdly, an inception model with a convolution kernel of 1 ∗ 1 is added, which reduced the number of weight parameters of the layers. Extensive experiments on Pascal VOC datasets 2007/2012 showed that the proposed method achieved better performance.
Overexpression of Wnt7a enhances radiosensitivity of non-small-cell lung cancer via the Wnt/JNK pathway

ABSTRACT The Wingless-type protein 7a (Wnt7a) plays an antiproliferative role in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Previous studies have indicated that Wnt7a expression was downregulated in radiation-resistant NSCLC cells. However, little is known about its biological functions and molecular mechanisms in radiosensitivity of NSCLC. Thus, NSCLC cell proliferation and apoptosis in response to Wnt7a overexpression and/or radiation were determined by 3-(4, 5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyl-tertazolium bromide (MTT) assay and flow cytometry, respectively. The activation of the Wnt/cJun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathways were further examined by western blot in NSCLC cell lines H1650 and A549. Wnt7a overexpression combined with radiation-inhibited cell proliferation and induced apoptosis in NSCLC cell lines compared to Wnt7a overexpression or radiotherapy alone. In addition, the phosphorylation of JNK, but not β-catenin, was congruent with the changes in Wnt7a overexpression and/or radiation. Moreover, the Wnt/JNK pathway could induce the apoptosis of NSCLC cells through the mitochondrial pathway. Inhibition of the Wnt/JNK signaling pathway by SP600125, a JNK inhibitor, contributed to proliferation induction in NSCLC cells. Taken together, these results showed that Wnt7a overexpression sensitized NSCLC cell lines to radiotherapy through the Wnt/JNK signaling pathway. Summary: The radiosensitizing effect of Wnt7a in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC).
Teaching to Support Students With Diverse Academic Needs

Policy and practice communities increasingly are emphasizing conceptual, cognitively demanding, and “ambitious” instruction. Within this context, we examine whether such practices serve the needs of students with specialized academic needs. Across upper-elementary classrooms in four districts, we find that exposure to “ambitious” mathematics practices is more strongly associated with test score gains of English language learners (ELs) compared to those of their peers in general education classrooms; furthermore, this teaching practice is associated with the math self-efficacy of students with individualized education programs (IEP), and the self-reported behavior of general education students. We also find links between teachers’ emotional support and students’ self-efficacy and engagement, with the strongest relationships for students identified both as an EL and with an IEP.
Insulin and Proinsulin Dynamics Progressively Deteriorate From Within the Normal Range Toward Impaired Glucose Tolerance

Abstract Context Slight elevations in plasma glucose (PG) manifest in advance of diabetes onset, but abnormalities in immunoreactive insulin (IRI), proinsulin (Pro), and adiponectin dynamics during this stage remain poorly understood. Objective The objective of this work is to investigate whether IRI and Pro dynamics become abnormal as glucose tolerance deteriorates from within the normal range toward impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), as well as the relationship between PG, and these dynamics and serum adiponectin levels. Design A cross-sectional study was designed. Setting This study took place at Jichi Medical University in Japan. Participants and Measurements PG, IRI, and Pro levels were determined in 1311 young Japanese individuals (age < 40 years) with normal or IGT before and at 30, 60, and 120 minutes during a 75-g oral glucose tolerance test. Participants were assigned to 4 groups according to glucose tolerance, and then background factors, adiponectin levels, insulin sensitivity (SI), and insulin secretion (β) indexes were determined. Results PG levels as well as IRI and Pro levels 60 and 120 minutes after glucose-loading increased incrementally with deteriorating glucose tolerance. All measures of β and the SI measure index of insulin sensitivity (ISI)-Matsuda decreased incrementally. Serum adiponectin levels were not significantly different among the glucose tolerance groups, but were independently and negatively correlated with fasting glucose. Conclusions Early β decreased and postloading Pro levels became excessive in a progressive manner as glucose tolerance deteriorated from within the normal range toward IGT.
Utilization of plant genetic resources for the improvement of temperate fruit crops

The Himalayas provide suitable ecological niches for the prevalence of large number of temperate fruit germplasm. Seven crab apples (Malus baccata) have been collected from the region and evaluated for horticultural traits. Crab apple from Shillong has been found to possess a high level of resistance against powdery mildew than M. zumi. Its performance as root stock and resistance to woolly aphid is much superior to standard clonal root stocks M9 and MM106. It is compatible with all commercial apple varieties and produces semi-vigorous tree suitable for high density plantation. Wild pear (Pyrus pashia var. Kumaonii) possesses desirable traits like good propagation potential and recommended for root stock in root rot infested areas. Wild kiwi fruit (Actinidia spp.) is small sized and non hairy type which could be utilized for the improvement of existing varieties. It can be used as desirable rootstock. The region also inhabits many Prunus species and indigenous edible temperate fruits, which could be exploited for commercial traits. An unique walnut has been collected which bear fruits both terminally and laterally and therefore, it could be utilized for high density planting.
Fine‐scale climatic variation drives altitudinal niche partitioning of tabanid flies in a tropical montane cloud forest, Ecuadorian Chocó

In montane systems, global warming may lead communities to disassemble by forcing organisms to shift their distributions to higher elevations or by causing the extinction of those that are unable to adapt. To predict which species are most at risk from environmental change, physiological responses to multiple factors must be measured in natural conditions at fine spatial and temporal scales. To examine the potential drivers of elevational distributions in tabanid flies, specimens were exhaustively sampled at three altitudes within a tropical montane cloud forest in Western Ecuador. Observed abundances were then correlated with seven environmental variables measured in situ. It was hypothesised that (1) tabanid distributions were significantly associated with particular environmental conditions measured in each altitudinal habitat, and (2) a greater proportion of lowland species were limited to a specific elevation than highland species. Most species occupied well‐defined altitudinal niches corresponding to optimal climatic conditions. Colder weather, higher daily temperature variability, and higher levels of moisture seemed to limit most species from establishing in high elevation sites of this mountainous ecosystem. Despite the high dispersal potential of tabanids within the study area, results suggest that most tabanid flies are limited to the subset of altitudes where their climatic requirements are satisfied.
False Rifampicin Resistance in Xpert Ultra Applied to Lymph Node Aspirate: A Case Report

Abstract A 36-year-old male patient was diagnosed with tuberculosis in Antwerp, Belgium, in May 2018. His lymph node aspirate initially tested rifampicin resistant in Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra, but tested susceptible in all other tests including targeted deep sequencing due to a rare matrix effect in the Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra reaction tube.
Coccidiosis in poultry industry.

Coccidiosis is a permanent health problem in poultry industry especially in intensive production systems. It is the most important poultry disease as far as economy is concerned since yearly costs of prophylaxis, as well as of therapy exceed 2 billion Euros, at the global level. In Serbia the disease has the highest prevalence in chicken, less in turkeys, gees, ducks and pheasants. The causes of the infection are protozoa belonging to the Eimeridae family, spore oocists being the infective form. The source of the infection are already infected birds, whereas the disease can spread in the sussceptible bird population by direct and indirect contact such as dust, objects on the farm, people, rodents, wild birds, as well as insects. The incidence of the disease depends on the lack of space on the farm, high temperature and high relative humidity, improper feeding, other diseases and all factors that can compromise bird immunity and general resistance to infectious diseases. Coccidiosis is the disease of the spring and fall, i.e. humid seasons with plenty of rain. The parasite development takes place in epithelial cells of the intestine of all bird species. The parasite can develop also in epithelial cells of the kidney glomerully in gees whereas merozoits and shizonts (as a developing form of the parasite) cause severe lesions and desquamation of the mucus. Local symptoms are accompanied with general health disturbance and typical diarrhea which is the characteristic symptom. Diagnosis is on the basis of the general symptoms, gross and microscopic findings as well as feces sample testing. To control coccidiosis in poultry, there is a vaccine or the disease is controlled by anticoccidials in the feed. Coccidiosis is possible to treat with anticoccidials (coccidiostatics and coccidiocides). Economical consequences of the coccidiosis in poultry are decreased feed conversion, smaller weight gain, inadequate feed conversion, smaller body weight at the end of the fattening period, prolonged fattening period, as well as therapy costs. Body weight gain is reduced, as well as accumulation of abdominal fat. The disease has a negative impact on chemical and sensory meat appearance. One of the problems as far as coccidiosis is concerned is drug resistance. Today, coccidiosis control strategies are the 'shuttle' and 'switch' program of the prophylactic medication, good manufacturing praxis and proper sanitation.
Swarming of Bats at Different Elevations in the Carpathian Mountains

Swarming bat activity was monitored at three caves at elevations ranging from 880 m to 1,907 m above sea level in the Carpathian Mountains, using an infrared light barrier with data-logger, a video camera with a night-scope system, and subsequently by mist netting. A total of 6,175 bats of 19 species was captured, and over 70,000 passes through cave openings were registered. Caves differed in bat species richness, sex ratio, abundance of particular species and species composition. Peak species richness was observed in the mid-elevation cave. Bat activity was high in all caves, but declined with increasing altitude. Swarming activity occurred earlier at high elevation than at lower elevations. Activity of boreal-alpine species, such as Eptesicus nilssonii, peaked at the start of the swarming period, that of species typical of lower elevations, such as Myotis emarginatus, peaked in the middle of the swarming season. In a few species, males showed a significant preference for higher altitude caves, in contrast to females. A similar pattern was observed in the proportion of adults to juveniles, which increased with increasing elevation. Our results also suggest that M. brandtii and M. alcathoe were more often encountered at lower elevations, M. mystacinus (sensu stricto) at higher ones.
The Stoneflies (Plecoptera, Insecta) of the northwestern Iberian Peninsula

73 species and subspecies are reported from the North West of the Iberian Peninsula, including 10 new taxa described in the last four years. 14 species are new for the Cantabrian Cordillera, 1 for Galicia, 9 for the Sierra de la Demanda and 2 for the Sierra del Moncayo. The systematic status of some species is modified: Protonemura pyrenaica pyrenaica and P. pyrenaica asturica are restored to specific level; Leuctra lusitanica is considered as a subspecies of L. lamellosa; Nemoura cinerea umbrosa is a valid subspecies of N. cinerea cinerea. The stonefly faunistic lists of the Cantabrian Cordillera, Galicia, Demanda and Moncayo are updated. Species distribution patterns and faunistic relations with the neighbouring regions are analyzed. Classification and ordination analyses based on species presence, enable identification of bioclimatic and biogeographical patterns of Plecoptera distribution in the North of the Iberian Peninsula.
Vegetation changes and sequential flowering after rain in the southern Atacama Desert

Abstract We describe the changes in plant cover, species richness, and flowering after rainfall over an entire growing season (September 1989–January 1990) in a southern Atacama Desert site in Chile. One month after the rain, vegetation was dominated by annuals and geophytes which dried out after 19 weeks. Among all species, including shrubs, we found differences of 4–10 weeks in the length and peak of the flowering period. The flowering sequence of the species belonging to the families Brassicaceae, Liliaceae, Onagraceae, and Asteraceae matched closely the sequences described for temperate plant communities, suggesting that this phenological character is phylogenetically determined.
Electricity Spot Prices Forecasting for MIBEL by using Deep Learning: a comparison between NAR, NARX and LSTM networks

In the latest times, power markets in Europe, including the Spanish one called MIBEL (Mercado Ibérico de Electricidad), are being deregulated and coupled. As a result, electricity can be easily purchased and sold across further areas and countries. On the other hand, trying to guarantee renewable projects profitability, Power Purchase Agreements and Options contracts are arising as a feasible solution. The problem arises when the power plant owners have to negotiate the purchase electricity price in order to optimize risks and profits, as well as make future plans. Thus, several methods for Electricity Price Forecasting (EPF) have been developed and presented, showing different results, as market spot prices suffer from strong seasonality, spikes and high volatility. In this paper, three methods, based on Deep Learning Dynamic Neural Networks (NAR, NARX and LSTM) applied to forecast MIBEL electricity spot prices are discussed in order to evaluate their adequacy, accuracy and reliable horizon.
A Holistic Overview of Cyberbullying across the World: Review of Theories and Models

This chapter reviews cyberbullying research from across the world. Not only it is important to be familiar with the range of impact and risks that commonly fall upon cyber victims, but much can be learned when reviewing a myriad of research focused on the bullies themselves. In addition to that, it provides some theoretical discussion for other researchers who wish to study cyberbullying through a specific lens that may help standardize the research and better understand what is truly happening behind the screens. This chapter also explores how those involved with cyber aggressive behaviors choose to cope, whether positively or negatively. In depth, this chapter explores cyberbullies in hopes of creating more awareness of signs for parents or educators that may be able to prevent perpetration or targeting.
Diversity-Dependence, Ecological Speciation, and the Role of Competition in Macroevolution

Variation in the rate of species diversification underlies many large-scale patterns in the organization of biological diversity. Here, I explore the phenomenon of diversity-dependent diversification and its contribution to differential species proliferation in time and space. Diversity-dependence can be a pattern of asymptotic diversity change through time as well as a process by which interspecific competition influences the dynamics of speciation and extinction. I review the evidence for diversity-dependence as revealed by phylogenies and fossils and discuss the close relationship between diversity-dependence and Darwin's proposed mechanism for the origin of species. An emerging body of research suggests that diversity-dependence contributes to the formation and persistence of incipient species and raises new questions about the meaning of ecological speciation. Diversity-dependence provides a conceptual framework for unifying biodiversity patterns across scales that vary by many orders of magnitude, f.
Response of wheat (Triticum aestivum) germination and growth of seedling to allelopathic potential of sunflower (Helianthus annuus) and barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) extracts

Some plants inhibit the seed germination and growth of other plants by means of producing toxic allelochemicals or allelopathins. Sunflower and Barley contains water soluble allelochemicals that inhibit the germination. Present study was conducted to evaluate the allelopathic effect of sunflower and barley on seed germination and plumule and radicle growth of wheat. The experiment was set in completely randomized design. The data indicated that aqueous extracts of sunflower and barley greatly inhibited the seed germination, plumule and radicle growth of wheat. Barley was found to be more allelopathic to wheat than sunflower. Further study are suggested to find tune our findings.
An Investigation of Techniques for Using Oxalic Acid to Reduce Varroa Mite Populations in Honey Bee Colonies and Package Bees

I performed laboratory bioassays to characterize the acute contact toxicity of oxalic acid (OA) to Varroa destructor (Anderson & Trueman) and their honey bee hosts (Apis mellifera). Specifically, I conducted glass-vial residual bioassays to determine the lethal concentration of OA for Varroa, and I conducted topical applications of OA in acetone to determine the lethal dose for honey bees. The results indicate that OA has a low acute toxicity to honey bees and a high acute toxicity to mites. The toxicity data will help guide scientists in delivering optimum dosages of OA to the parasite and its host, and will be useful in making treatment recommendations. The data will also establish a baseline for OA susceptibility for both parasite and host to compare with future populations if Varroa mites exhibit resistance to OA. Introduction The objective of this study was to characterize the acute contact toxicity of OA to Varroa mites and their honey bee hosts in laboratory bioassays. Only one study has quantified the contact toxicity of OA to Varroa mites collected from brood cells (Milani 2001), and the contact toxicity of OA to honey bees has not been determined. One
Native bee communities vary across three prairie ecoregions due to land use, climate, sampling method and bee life history traits

Recent evidence indicates that many native bee species are in decline due to the cumulative effects of multiple human‐induced stressors such as habitat loss, pesticide exposure, pathogens, and climate change. These declines have raised interest in the status of native bees and in developing tools that support management of bee communities and the ecosystem services they deliver. Native bees were surveyed using pan traps and netting over 2 years at 68 locations in croplands and rangelands across three ecological regions of Alberta's prairies – the Grassland, Parkland, and Boreal Natural Regions – to evaluate patterns in bee communities in response to disturbance and ecological gradients. Bee community composition was different across land use and ecoregions. While several cavity‐nesting species had a strong association with rangelands, cavity‐nesting bees tended to be less common in croplands and may be more sensitive to loss of rangeland habitat. Response patterns in overall bee abundance and richness were driven by interactions between region and land use, highlighting the need for regional studies to understand how bee communities respond to these factors. This survey is one of the first to sample the response of bee communities to landscape disturbance across a broad spatial area of the Canadian prairies. Large‐scale compositional studies are essential for understanding the status of native bee communities, and for monitoring long‐term trends over time. We recommend subsequent coordinated surveys using standardised methods across broad spatial scales.