Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Sap flow in Scots pines growing under conditions of year‐round carbon dioxide enrichment and temperature elevation

Starting in 1996, individual trees of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) aged 30 years were grown in closed-top chambers and exposed to normal ambient conditions (CON), elevated CO 2 (Elev. C), elevated temperature (Elev. T) and a combination of elevated CO 2 and temperature (Elev. C + T). Using the constant-power heat balance method, sap flow was monitored simultaneously in a total of 16 trees, four for each treatment, over a 32 d period (after the completion of needle expansion and branch elongation in 1997). An overall variation in diurnal sap flow totals (F,) was evident during the period of measurement (days 167-198, 1997) regardless of the treatments, with a range from 0.15 to 2.82 kg tree-' d -1 . Elev. C reduced F, by 4.1-13.7% compared with CON on most days (P varies from 0.042 to 0.108), but slightly increased it on some days (P ≥ 0.131), depending on the weather conditions. Although the decrease in F, caused by Elev. C was statistically significant on only a few days (P ≤ 0.042), the cumulative F 1 for the 32 d decreased by 14.4% (P = 0.047), indicating that Elev. C may have an important influence on seasonal water use of the Scots pine. Analysis of the diurnal courses of sap flow combined with corresponding weather factors indicated that the CO 2 -induced decrease in F, could be largely attributed to an increase in stomatal sensitivity to vapour pressure deficit (VPD), whereas the CO 2 -induced increase in F, related to an increase in stomatal sensitivity to low light levels. Elev. T increased F t by 11.2-35.6% throughout the measuring period and the cumulative F t for the 32 d by 32.5% (P = 0.019), which could be largely attributed to the temperature-induced increase in current-year needle area and decrease in stomatal sensitivity to high levels of VPD. There were no significant interactive effects of CO 2 and temperature on sap flow, so that Elev. C + T had approximately the same F t as Elev. T and similar diurnal patterns of sap flow, suggesting that the temperature factor played a dominant role in the case of Elev. C + T.
Spider Abundance in Sugarcane: Impact of Cultural Practices, Irrigation and Post-Harvest Trash Burning

ABSTRACT Field experiments were conducted at Coimbatore, India, to evaluate the impact of cultural practices, irrigation and post-harvest trash burning on spider abundance in sugarcane fields. Exclusion of selected cultural practices; manual weed control, earthing-up and three detrashing operations significantly (p 0.05) the number of millable canes per 6 m row, internode number and cane length, while single cane weight and cane girth were affected significantly (p < 0.05). Amongst the three methods of irrigation, namely conventional furrow, surface drip and sub-surface drip, the conventional furrow method disturbed the spiders most while the sub-surface drip disturbe.
Effect of Bemisia tabaci honeydew and its carbohydrates on search time and parasitization of Encarsia bimaculata

Abstract: The search time of Encarsia bimaculata Heraty et Polaszek was examined and recorded by using filter paper discs in Petri dish arenas impregnated with Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) honeydew or its component carbohydrates. Our data show that E. bimaculata used honeydew as a contact kairomone to locate its host. Females responded quantitatively to the honeydew and the search time in the treated patches increased. This increase was concentration‐dependent with regard to the amount of honeydew applied, but it levelled off 0.05 g/ml onwards. The response of E. bimaculata to honeydew decreased with increasing time after application and was significantly reduced 8 days after treatment. The parasitoid females were also arrested in patches treated with glucose, fructose, trehalulose and trehalose; trehalose elicited the highest response in the parasitoids. However, sucrose and low concentrations of melezitose did not elicit a significant effect. Glucose, sucrose, fructose, trehalose and trehalulose increased the longevity of the parasitoid females by a factor of 8.4, 8.1, 6.3, 6.1 and 4.2, respectively. Melezitose and 0.15 g/ml natural honeydew, however, had no effect on parasitoid lifespan. The effects of aqueous spray of honeydew sugars on egg to adult survivorship and parasitization of B. tabaci by E. bimaculata significantly differed when compared with controls only in cases where mixtures of glucose + fructose and trehalose and fructose + trehalose were applied.
Assessment of high-resolution satellite rainfall products over a gradually elevating mountainous terrain based on a high-density rain gauge network

ABSTRACT High-resolution satellite rainfall products (SRPs) provide forcing inputs for hydrologic applications. Complex mountainous terrains have a significant effect on the occurrence and intensity of rainfall. This study focuses on the assessment of errors and rainfall detection capability of SRPs over a complex terrain with an elevation ranging from −95 to 3091 m based on a high-density rain gauge network over the Taihang Mountains of North China. The performance of four high-resolution SRPs (rain gauge bias-corrected Climate Prediction Center morphing technique (CMORPH CRT), Integrated Multi-satellite Retrievals for Global Precipitation Measurement (IMERG), Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) 3B42V7; and Precipitation Estimation from Remotely Sensed Information using Artificial Neural Network-Cloud Classification System (PERSIANN-CCS)) was validated using 104 rain gauge stations from 1 January 2016 to 31 December 2017, and the results show that the annual rainfall varied from 375 mm to 1400 mm on average in 2016 and 2017. At the monthly scale, all SRPs except PERSIANN-CCS performed well. The spatial pattern of the annual rainfall variation, which was highest in the southeast and lowest in the northwest, was adequately captured by IMERG and 3B42 but not CMORPH CRT and PERSIANN-CCS. As indicated by the statistical metrics, all SRPs except PERSIANN-CCS exhibited better performance in the regions in the downward direction of the East-Asian Monsoon. In terms of rainfall detection, all SRPs exhibited moderate rainfall detection capability while IMERG exhibited the lowest false alarm ratio (FAR) equal to 0.41. Compared with 3B42, a significant improvement was found in IMERG, which presented increased correlation coefficient (r) and decreased FAR values over the study areas, and the improvement rate was 75% and 95%, respectively. All SRPs underestimated the no/light rainfall (0–1 mm day−1) events. IMERG and PERSIANN-CCS exhibited poor performance with significant underestimation of the 1–2 mm day−1 rainfall class and overestimation of the 2–5 mm day−1 rainfall class. Our results not only demonstrate the superiority of different products at different elevations but also provide suggestions for further improvement of the SRPs, especially for complex terrains.
Lipoprotein lipase and hepatic lipase

With the detailed knowledge of the primary structure of lipoprotein lipase (LPL) which has been gained from complementary DNA clones, investigation has concentrated on structural defects in the genes of patients with LPL deficiency (type I hyperlipidemia), along with corresponding defects in the LPL protein. The recent description of the three-dimensional structure of a related lipase, human pancreatic lipase, will undoubtedly lead to a precise characterization of the sites on the LPL and hepatic lipase proteins that confer catalytic activity, heparin binding, lipid binding and other features.
Texture and colour region separation based image retrieval using probability annular histogram and weighted similarity matching scheme

Content-based image retrieval (CBIR) uses primitive image features for retrieval of similar images from a dataset. Generally, researchers extract these visual features from the whole image. Therefore, the extracted features contain overlapped information of texture, colour, and shape features, and it is a critical challenge in the field of CBIR. This problem can be overcome by extracting the colour features from the colour as well as shape and texture features from the intensity dominant part only. In this study, the authors have proposed an iterative algorithm to separate colour and texture dominant part of the image into two different images. Here, a combination of edge maps and gradients has been used to achieve separate colour and texture images. Further, scale-invariant feature transform and 2D dual-tree complex wavelet transform has been realised to extract unique shape and texture features from the texture image. Simultaneously, a probability-based semantic centred annular histogram has been suggested to extract unique colour features from the colour image. Finally, a novel weighted distance-based feature comparison scheme has been proposed for similarity matching and retrieval. All the image retrieval experiments have been carried out on seven standard datasets and demonstrated significant improvements over other state-of-arts CBIR systems
Starch Metabolism, Respiration, and Shoot Formation in Tobacco Callus Cultures

The starch content of shoot-forming and non-shoot-forming tobacco callus cultured in light and darkness was determined. A variety of carbohydrates and cytokinins incorporated into the culture medium were effective in bringing about starch accumulation and shoot formation in the tissue. In addition, the respiratory activity of the callus, grown in the presence or absence of gibberellic acid, was measured. A strong correlation between the starch content of the tissue, its rate of respiration, and shoot formation was observed.
THE RADIATIVE AND CONDUCTIVE OPACITIES UNDER WHITE DWARF CONDITIONS

TXE CALCULATION OF THE RADIATIVE OPACITY In order to investigate the state of matter in the interior of a white dwarf star, and in particular to determine the temperature distribution, it is necessary to derive fairly accurate expressions for the radiative and conductive opacities in both the region of incipient degeneracy and in the region of strong degeneracy. In this pa,per such expressions are derived arid put in a form suitable for use in white dwarf calculations. If a, is the mass absorption coefficient corresponding to radiation of frequency Y, the radiative opacity K s is defined as the “Rosseland” mean of this quantity, namely:
Genotypic variability for tolerance to salinity of N2-fixing common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris)

Le haricot (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) est souvent soumis dans le sol a diverses contraintes environnementales. L'une des ces contraintes est la salinite qui represente une limitation majeure du rendement des legumineuses a graines, particulierement quand la croissance des plantes depend de la fixation symbiotique de l'azote. Pour confirmer la variabilite de la reponse a une salinite moderee et identifier les criteres morphologiques et physiologiques associes a la tolerance, 9 lignees de haricot (BAT477, Coco blanc, DOR585, ABA16, NAG310, Flamingo, BRB17, Candide et Striker) sont inoculees avec une souche efficiente Rhizobium tropici CIAT899, et cultivees sur sable sterile sous serre vitree en absence ou en presence de 25 mM NaCl. Une variation genotypique dans la tolerance au sel a ete observee : ABA16 et BRB17 sont les lignees les plus sensibles alors que BAT477 et Flamingo sont les plus tolerantes. Les parametres estimes relatifs a la croissance et a la fixation symbiotique de l'azote montrent que (i) certaines lignees exprimant une croissance vigoureuse en milieu temoin sont severement affectees par le traitement salin, (ii) la relative tolerance au sel d'autres lignees repose particulierement sur leur aptitude a maintenir une importante surface foliaire et a developper un systeme nodulaire abondant et efficace.
Plankton Distribution Patterns in a Mediterranean Dilution Basin: Amvrakikos Gulf (Ionian Sea, Greece)

The present work describes Amvrakikos Gulf (Ionian Sea, Greece) as a dilution basin and provides information concerning the relationships between the hydrology and plankton composition and distribution. Amvrakikos Gulf is characterized by a differentiated planktonic system which is apparently directly influenced by the input of the rivers located at the northern part of the gulf.
Designing a Success Model for Entrepreneurs in Sports Businesses

Background. Every entrepreneurial business sees its success factors differ depending on the nature of the products and services, but in any case, the success of entrepreneurship depends on a set of factors. Objectives. The purpose of this study is to design a model of entrepreneurship success in sports businesses. Methods. The research method was qualitative and the data-base method was used to analyze participants' responses. It should be noted that data collection was done by reviewing the theoretical bases and interviews. The statistical population of this study consisted of faculty members of Entrepreneurship and Sport Sciences Management Faculties specializing in Entrepreneurship and Business Management at public universities, members and lecturers of the Employment and Entrepreneurship Working Group of the Ministry of Sport and Youth and Elected Entrepreneurs in Iran. Using the data base method, the sampling was done theoretically and after 20 interviews the model framework was formed. Data analysis was performed using three stages of open, axial and selective coding. After open coding, categories including causal conditions, contextual conditions, intervening conditions, strategies and outcomes of entrepreneurs' success in sports businesses were extracted, and then in the axial and selective coding stage, the link between these categories was formulated. The research paradigm model was determined. Results. Based on the results of the study, 12 indicators were identified in causal conditions, 7 in contextual conditions, 11 in interventional conditions, 13 in strategies, and 11 in outcomes. Conclusion. Incorporating breakthrough benchmarks into managing a sports entrepreneurial business is about achieving a stronger and better position in the business environment and competing with competitors, thus keeping track of the success factors in an entrepreneurial business. The sport enables entrepreneurs to gain enough potential in the target market as well as in the field of commercial competition.
Mechanism of exine rupture in hydrated taxoid type of pollen

Abstract The taxoid type of pollen has a pore in the exine, plugged by an opercule-like structure, the operculoid, as seen under scanning electron microscope. In light microscopy a bulge at the surface of the exine is evident only when using a fluorochrome (calcofluor). The bulge, which is part of the intine, appears fluorescent in mature pollen grains. In water, it disappears progressively within one to two minutes. It is assumed that the operculoid is ejected because of the swelling of the intine in the apertural region following contact with water. Therefore, the exine aperture constitutes a passage for the water to penetrate towards the whole intine. The mucilagenous substance of the intine is hydrated and dilated and causes the bursting of the exine which is left in the medium. The mode of exine rupture in the pollen of Cupressus arizonica and Juniperus communis was studied and a possible explanation of the function of the apertural structure is proposed.
The mediating role of perceived stress in relationship between mindfulness and conflict management styles of pre-service teachers

The aim of this research is to examine whether perceived stress has a mediating role in the relationship between mindfulness and conflict management styles. 330 senior students who enrolled Faculty of Education participated in this study. Mindfulness Attention Awareness Scale, The Rahim Organizational Conflict Inventory-II, Perceived Stress Scale, and Personal Information Form were used in this study. Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient and path analysis which is one of the structural equation model technics were used for data analysis. To determine the suitability of data set for path analysis, Pearson product-moment correlation analysis was applied, and it was found that there isn’t any relationship between mindfulness and obliging style, mindfulness and dominating style, perceived stress and avoiding style. Therefore, path analysis was performed for integrating and compromising styles. According to results, perceived stress fully mediates in the relationship between mindfulness and compromising style and perceived stress partially mediates in the relationship between mindfulness and integrating style. The study was concluded with limitations and suggestions for future studies.
Sediment-related mechanisms of growth limitation in submersed macrophytes

Myriophyllum spicatum L. and Hydrilla verticillata (L.f.) Royle grown on 40 different sediments from 17 geographically widespread North American lakes indicated 10— and 20—fold declines in growth with increasing sediment organic matter up to a concentration of °20% dry sediment mass. Poor growth was obtained also on inorganic sediments with a sand fraction exceeding 75% dry sediment mass. Diminished growth on organic sediments occurred at low values of sediment density, and on sands, at high values of sediment density. Differential centrifugation of organic sediment, facilitating an increase in sediment density with no change in organic matter content, stimulated Hydrilla growth, indicating that sediment density rather than organic matter content was most influential in regulating growth. Macrophyte growth and nutrient mass accumulation in shoots were closely correlated, but essentially unrelated to concentrations of nutrients in shoots. The magnitude (r value) and statistical significance of correlations between nutrients in macrophyte shoots and sediments varied appreciably, depending on the form of shoot nutrient data (concentration or accumulation), and the type (interstitial water or total), and basis (mass or volume) of sediment nutrient data. Growth and nutrient accumulation were highly correlated with sediment nutrient concentrations based on volume, indicating interrelationships among growth, nutrition, and sediment density. Additions of P and Fe in combination to organic sediments with N supplied in the overlying solution resulted in significant growth increases in Hydrilla, suggesting that diminished growth on unfavorable sediments was caused by multiple nutrient limitation. Nutrient uptake on low—density organic sediments was apparently limited by long diffusion distances. Limited rates of nutrient diffusion and exchange in coarse—textured sediments, in addition to low nutrient status, may have contributed to their poor ability to support macrophyte growth. Thus, mechanisms of growth limitation on both sands and organic sediments appear to involve nutrition.
Retardamento de colheita como método de diferenciação de genótipos de soja para qualidade de sementes

The experiment was carried out with the objective of evaluating the effect of harvest delay on the differentiation of seed quality in soybean. Four different genotypes were utilized: LOX-Linb (seeds without lipoxygenase and low linolenic acid content); LOX+Linn (seeds with lipoxygenase and normal linolenic acid content); LOX-Linn (seeds without lipoxygenase and normal linolenic acid content) and LOX+Linb (seeds with lipoxygenase and low linolenic acid content). The seeds were harvested at the R8 stage, and at R8+15 days and R8+30 days. Seed physiological quality was evaluated by germination, accelerated aging, germination speed, electric conductivity and seedling emergence tests. It was concluded that: the delayed harvest from R8+15 days was efficient to differentiate genotypes for seed physiological quality. Genotypes without lipoxygenase showed higher seed physiological quality than genotypes with lipoxygenase.
The Stereotyped Behaviour of Sexual Cannibalism in Latrodectus hasselti Thorell (Araneae : Theridiidae), the Australian Redback Spider

This paper presents the first account of stereotyped behaviour in the practice of sexual cannibalism in any species. Cannibalism is achieved by female Latrodectus hasselti spiders, primarily because the copulatory orientation of the male in this species is unique and does not conform to the orthodox posture of males of other Latrodectus species. In this case, after penetration of the epigynum with one palpal embolus, the male turns a somersault through 180-degrees so that his abdomen comes to rest against the female's mouthparts, whereupon she begins to devour him. The cannibalistic process is slow and the male often succeeds in a second intromission with the other palp. The somersault is highly stereo-typed and predictable; it was observed in all 56 intromissions in the present study. The nuptial death risk to the male during copulation if both palps are employed is 0.66. However, even if he escapes copulatory demise he will die from his injuries within two days. Male Latrodectus hasselti can be mated with female L. katipo, an allopatric species native to New Zealand. Somersaulting by the male L. hasselti also occurs in this inter-specific copulation but the female L. katipo makes no attempt to devour him. It is concluded that male somersaults and female cannibalistic behaviour in L. hasselti are genetically programmed events.
Opportunistic feeding responses of the Yellow-legged Gull Larus michahellis to accessibility of refuse dumps

Capsule The gulls adjust their diet composition and diversity according to refuse dump accessibility. Aims To examine the influence of the accessibility of open-air refuse dumps on the pre-laying diet of the adult Yellow-legged Gull. Methods We studied six colonies settled on six rocky islands off the southeastern coast of France. A comparative study of the diet of breeding adults from the six colonies was made through pellet analysis (a total of 848 pellets). We determined the main foraging habitat used (refuse dumps, terrestrial habitats, marine habitat) and the number of foraging habitats used simultaneously (one, two or three), from which we deduced the mean diet diversity. Results Refuse dumps were consistently the main foraging habitat (evidence in 53–74% of pellets) for the six colonies, even when refuse dump accessibility was low. The majority of pellets contained materials from two simultaneous foraging habitats (evidence in 50–64% of pellets). We demonstrated the influence of a gradient of refuse dump accessibility in terms of adjustment of the pre-laying adult's diet. Indeed, high refuse dump accessibility leads to a poorly diversified diet dominated by refuse. In contrast, when refuse dump accessibility is low, Yellow-legged Gulls broaden their trophic niche, with an increased exploitation of alternative foraging habitats, such as terrestrial habitats. Conclusion These results show the species' opportunistic feeding and high adaptability, two parameters which need to be known to foresee the consequences on population dynamics, feeding and predatory behaviour of a sudden and severe food shortage, for example due to closure of open-air refuse dumps.
A study on effect of yoga on anxiety and quality of life

Aim : Our main intention is to find out yoga how far it is better to reduce the anxiety and also improve the lifestyle by yoga intervention. Materials and Methods: We enrolled 60 subjects grouped into a control (N=30) and experimental group (N=30). The level of anxiety in the subjects was assessed by using specific methods. The data were collected before and after yoga intervention at the end of one month. A specific Yoga module was administered to the volunteers for 30 days. Results: In our results, there was a statistically significant (p quality of life. Conclusion: Yoga was a better alternative method for all psychological problems. Keywords: Anxiety, Yoga, Hamilton Anxiety Scale.