Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Many Labs 5: Registered Replication Report of Crosby, Monin & Richardson (2008)

Hugh Rabagliati, School of Philosophy, Psychology & Language Sciences, University of Edinburgh Martin Corley, School of Philosophy, Psychology & Language Sciences, University of Edinburgh Benjamin Dering, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling Peter J.B. Hancock, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling Josiah King, School of Philosophy, Psychology & Language Sciences, University of Edinburgh Carmel A. Levitan, Cognitive Science, Occidental College Jia Loy, School of Philosophy, Psychology & Language Sciences, University of Edinburgh Ailsa E. Millen, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling
Many Labs 5: Testing pre-data collection peer review as an intervention to increase replicability

Replications in psychological science sometimes fail to reproduce prior findings. If replications use methods that are unfaithful to the original study or ineffective in eliciting the phenomenon of interest, then a failure to replicate may be a failure of the protocol rather than a challenge to the original finding. Formal pre-data collection peer review by experts may address shortcomings and increase replicability rates. We selected 10 replications from the Reproducibility Project: Psychology (RP:P; Open Science Collaboration, 2015) in which the original authors had expressed concerns about the replication designs before data collection and only one of which was “statistically significant” (p < .05). Commenters suggested that lack of adherence to expert review and low-powered tests were the reasons that most of these RP:P studies failed to replicate (Gilbert et al., 2016). We revised the replication protocols and received formal peer review prior to conducting new replications. We administered the RP:P and Revised protocols in multiple laboratories (Median number of laboratories per original study = 6.5; Range 3 to 9; Median total sample = 1279.5; Range 276 to 3512) for high-powered tests of each original finding with both protocols. Overall, Revised protocols produced similar effect sizes as RP:P protocols following the preregistered analysis plan (Δr = .002 or .014, depending on analytic approach). The median effect size for Revised protocols (r = .05) was similar to RP:P protocols (r = .04) and the original RP:P replications (r = .11), and smaller than the original studies (r = .37). The cumulative evidence of original study and three replication attempts suggests that effect sizes for all 10 (median r = .07; range .00 to .15) are 78% smaller on average than original findings (median r = .37; range .19 to .50), with very precisely estimated effects.
On Wage Inflexibility

I develop a wage setting theory starting with an imaginary flexible wage competitive economy with incomplete insurance markets hence both workers and firms are exposed to aggregate risks against which they cannot insure. A firm departs by offering jobs to regular employees according to a wage scale with fixed duration, typically four quarters, specifying a wage equaling the corresponding expected flexible competitive wage. At duration’s end a new offer is made. The offer is formulated as a game in which the firm commits to make only expected wage offers. A firm can lay-off workers at any time. All risk averse workers accept such offer, it is optimal for the firm to make the offer and the equilibrium is perfect, explaining why wages do not fall in recessions. This result appears to conflict with the theorem stating convexity of profits in prices. The Theorem is incorrectly interpreted to claim expected profits rise with price volatility. Since prices and wages fluctuate due to shocks I show instead that a profit function is concave in shocks hence volatility reduces expected profits. An equilibrium is then an efficient mutual insurance of the firm and its employees in which the firm has a deep interest. When all firms depart, this institution gives rise to a mean wage of regular employees which reflects the staggered wage structure which emerges from the random distribution of the dates when job offers are renewed. It also results in random involuntary unemployment which is the social cost of this mutual insurance. Taking into account wage flexibility of irregular jobs, mean wage is a relatively inflexible function of inflation, of unemployment and of a distributed lag of past productivity.
Inﬂammatory mediators in exhaled breath condensate of healthy donors and exacerbated COPD patients

Samples of exhaled breath condensate (EBC) provide a convenient and non-invasive method to study inﬂammation in lung diseases. The aim of the present study was to evaluate and compare the inﬂamma-tory protein mediator levels in EBC from healthy donors (HD) and from patients with exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) using an EBC collection device with and without a coating of albumin as a carrier. We studied 13 HD and 26 patients with exacerbation of COPD. The concentrations of myeloperoxidase (MPO), IFN c and secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor (SLPI) in EBC were measured by immunoassays. The EBC samples from HD and COPD patients showed higher concentrations of MPO when samples were recovered with an albumin-coated device. Furthermore, levels of MPO in COPD patients were signiﬁcantly higher than in HD. An inverse correlation was observed between MPO and spirometric parameters (FVC and FEV1). Almost all samples collected with the albumin-coated device showed higher amounts of IFN c and SLPI than those collected with the uncoated device. The levels of SLPI in COPD patients were signiﬁcantly higher than in HD. A direct correlation was observed between FVC% predicted and SLPI. We concluded that coating the collection device with albumin increased the sensitivity of the technique, at least for measurements of MPO, SLPI and IFN c . Furthermore, the higher levels of MPO and SLPI and lower levels of IFN c in EBC from COPD patients could reﬂect the immunological status and the response of lung parenchyma to treatment during the exacerbation of the illness. (cid:2) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Flow forecasts in a non-perennial river of an arid basin using neural networks

The hydrological modeling is a complicated problem in arid areas with a non-perennial river system, where conceptual or physically based models are difficult to implement. In such situations, where explicit knowledge of the internal hydrologic system is not available, artificial neural networks (ANNs) can be a good tool to model the hydrological behavior. In this paper, the prediction of daily flows, which is required to provide information about a wide range of problems related to design and river management, was investigated in an arid watershed. The results show that the optimization of the different network parameters has significantly improved the model performance (the Nash-Sutcliff coefficient was increased by 10 points) and thus increases its ability to catch the hydrological processes. It was also shown that the ANN is a promising method of flow forecast in arid watershed and can provide an effective approach for forecasting flows in the current situation of the study area.
Predictors of Adverse Events Following Cleft Palate Repair.

INTRODUCTION Cleft palate repair has rare, but potentially life-threatening risks. Understanding the risk factors for adverse events following cleft palate repair can guide surgeons in risk stratification and parental counseling. METHODS Patients under 2 years of age in National Surgical Quality Improvement Project Pediatric Database (NSQIP-P) from 2012 to 2016 who underwent primary cleft palate repair were identified. Risk factors for adverse events after cleft palate repair were identified. RESULTS Outcomes for 4989 patients were reviewed. Mean age was 1.0 ± 0.3 years and 53.5% were males. Adverse events occurred in 6.4% (320) of patients. The wound dehiscence rate was 3.1%, and the reoperation rate was 0.9%. On multivariate analysis, perioperative blood transfusion (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 30.2), bronchopulmonary dysplasia/chronic lung disease (aOR 2.2), and prolonged length of stay (LOS) (aOR 1.1) were significantly associated with an adverse event.When subdivided by type of adverse event, reoperation was associated with perioperative blood transfusion (aOR 286.5), cerebral palsy (aOR 11.3), and prolonged LOS (aOR 1.1). Thirty-day readmission was associated with American Society of Anesthesiologists Physical Status Classification class III (aOR 2.0) and IV (aOR 4.8), bronchopulmonary dysplasia/chronic lung disease (aOR 2.5), cerebral palsy (aOR 5.7), and prolonged LOS (aOR 1.1). Finally, wound dehiscence was significantly associated with perioperative blood transfusion only (aOR 8.2). CONCLUSIONS Although adverse events following cleft palate surgery are rare, systemic disease remains the greatest predictor for readmission and reoperation. Neurologic and pulmonary diseases are the greatest systemic risk factors. Intraoperative adverse events requiring blood transfusion are the greatest surgical risk factor for post-surgical complications.
Letter to Editor

Van den Noort et al. indicate that interscan intervals are not well-controlled for our two comparison groups (schizophrenia patients, healthy comparison subjects) and assert that the significantly different interscan intervals between the two groups are responsible for the results obtained in the study, basing their conclusions on Jernigan et al.’s data on aging. While we agree that a controlled interscan interval is desirable and had already addressed this limitation in our article (page 92), we do not believe that the data cited from Jernigan et al. showing differential rates of decline for different brain regions as a function of age somehow invalidate our results. The Jernigan conclusion was based on ages 30-80, where the data showed that hippocampal volume loss was significantly greater than in neocortex. However, Jernigan et al.’s Fig. 3 and 4 show that, between ages 40-42, roughly corresponding to subjects’ age range discussed in our paper, changes in both regions are extremely small. Furthermore, the assertion that there would be a greater decline in the hippocampus is simply not borne out by our data. Our Table 3 shows that the decline is greater in temporal neocortex than in hippocampus in comparison subjects. Moreover, since age at scan was matched for two groups, both at the initial and second scan in our study, and we measured the same regions of interest in the two groups, we think that the factor of agerelated volume reduction was well-controlled in the two groups.
Effects of climate change on soil carbon and nitrogen storage in the US Great Plains

Soils of the US Great Plains contain enormous stocks of soil organic carbon (SOC) and soil organic nitrogen (SON) that are vulnerable to predicted climate and land use change. Climate change scenarios predict a 2.2°C to 3.6°C (4°F to 6.5°F) increase and more variability in precipitation across most of the United States. This study quantifies management effects (native grassland, Conservation Reserve Program [CRP], and cropped) on SOC and SON stocks across the region and assessed soil variables (soil texture, cation exchange capacity, and others) and climatic drivers (precipitation and temperature) to predict future changes in carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) stocks. Across all sites, cropped land had significantly lower C and N stocks in the 0 to 5 cm (0 to 2 in) and 0 to 10 cm (0 to 3.9 in) depths than native sites, while CRP sites were intermediate. Mean annual temperature (MAT), the ratio of mean annual precipitation to potential evapotranspiration (MAP:PET), soil bulk density (BD), and clay content were important covariates for SOC and SON stocks within land use. Soil C and N stocks under all three land uses were strongly negatively related to MAT and positively related to MAP:PET, suggesting that they are equally vulnerable to increased temperature and decreasing water availability. Based on these empirical relationships, a 1°C (1.8°F) increase in MAT could cause a loss of 486 Tg SOC (536 million tn) and a loss of 180 kg SON ha−1 (160 lb SON ac−1) from the top 10 cm (3.9 in) of soil over 30 years, but the decrease will be mediated by water availability (MAP:PET). Combined, increased temperature and conversion from CRP to cropland could decrease the existing SOC sink, but improved soil management and increased water availability may help offset these losses in the US Great Plains.
Role of the tectonic accretion channel in collisional orogeny

High-pressure relics studied in many collisional mountain belts are overprinted by subsequent Barrovian metamorphism that may reach migmatite grade in the central parts of such orogens. We propose that this evolution is linked to the development of a narrow tectonic accretion channel (TAC) at the subducting plate boundary. Geologic evidence from the “Southern Steep Belt” of the Central Alps and the tectono-metamorphic record of this orogen guided us in constructing numerical models of a TAC. Simulations indicate that the accretion of crust enriched in radioactive elements to mantle depth provides a mechanism to obtain P - T - t (pressure-temperature-time) trajectories in reasonable agreement with observations in the Alps. Similarly, the generation of granitoid melts predicted by the model during late-orogenic exhumation of the TAC is in line with the Alpine record. This case study suggests that accretion of upper-crust fragments to mantle depth, by underplating along a subduction fault, and subsequent extrusion of parts of the TAC along that same fault, may be fundamental processes in the dynamic evolution of many collisional orogens.
The crossover stress, anisotropy and the ice flow law at Siple Dome, West Antarctica

Abstract We used observations and modeling of Siple Dome, West Antarctica, a ridge ice divide, to infer the importance of linear deformation mechanisms in ice-sheet flow. We determined the crossover stress (a threshold value of the effective deviatoric stress below which linear flow mechanisms dominate over nonlinear flow mechanisms) by combining measurements of ice properties with in situ deformation rate measurements and a finite-element ice flow model that accounts for the effects of viscous anisotropy induced by preferred crystal-orientation fabric. We found that a crossover stress of 0.18 bar produces the best match between predicted and observed deformation rates. For Siple Dome, this means that including a linear term in the flow law is necessary, but generally the flow is still dominated by the nonlinear (Glen; n = 3) term. The pattern of flow near the divide at Siple Dome is also strongly affected by crystal fabric. Measurements of sonic velocity, which is a proxy for vertically oriented crystal fabric, suggest that a bed-parallel shear band exists several hundred meters above the bed within the Ice Age ice.
AVALIAÇÃO PRELIMINAR DA QUALIDADE DA ÁGUA SUBTERRÂNEA NO MUNICÍPIO DE IBIPORÃ-PR

Este trabalho apresenta a analise de dois pocos tubulares penetrantes do Sistema Aquifero Guarani e vinte e cinco pocos do Aquifero Serra Geral situados no municipio de Ibipora-Pr, tendo como objetivo principal a caracterizacao dessas aguas em termos de parâmetros fisico-quimicos. Uma sonda multiparâmetros foi utilizada para realizar as analises de agua “in situ”. Foram investigados os seguintes parâmetros, condutividade eletrica, pH, cor, turbidez, oxigenio dissolvido, solidos dissolvidos e ORP (potencial de reducao-oxidacao). O artigo apresenta e discute a qualidade da agua subterrânea encontrada nestes pocos para fins de abastecimento publico para o municipio em questao, levando em consideracao a Resolucao CONAMA 396/2008 e a Portaria 518/2004 do Ministerio da Saude. De acordo com os resultados encontrados, os pocos monitorados neste estudo provavelmente nao apresentam nenhum tipo de contaminacao, pois, de todos os parâmetros avaliados, apenas o pH apresentou valores maiores do que os reportados na Resolucao CONAMA 396/2008. Estes indicios podem estar associados a constituicao geologica da regiao.
Video Frame Interpolation via Adaptive Separable Video Frame Interpolation via Adaptive Separable Convolution Convolution

Standard video frame interpolation methods ﬁrst estimate optical ﬂow between input frames and then synthe-size an intermediate frame guided by motion. Recent approaches merge these two steps into a single convolution process by convolving input frames with spatially adaptive kernels that account for motion and re-sampling simultaneously. These methods require large kernels to handle large motion, which limits the number of pixels whose kernels can be estimated at once due to the large memory demand. To address this problem, this paper formulates frame interpolation as local separable convolution over input frames us-ing pairs of 1D kernels. Compared to regular 2D kernels, the 1D kernels require signiﬁcantly fewer parameters to be estimated. Our method develops a deep fully convolutional neural network that takes two input frames and estimates pairs of 1D kernels for all pixels simultaneously. Since our method is able to estimate kernels and synthesizes the whole video frame at once, it allows for the incorporation of perceptual loss to train the neural network to produce visually pleasing frames. This deep neural network is trained end-to-end using widely available video data without any human annotation. Both qualitative and quantitative experiments show that our method provides a practical solution to high-quality video frame interpolation.
Exercise and Physical Activity for Older Adults

The purpose of this Position Stand is to provide an overview of issues critical to understanding the importance of exercise and physical activity in older adult populations. The Position Stand is divided into three sections: Section 1 briefly reviews the structural and functional changes that characterize normal human aging, Section 2 considers the extent to which exercise and physical activity can influence the aging process, and Section 3 summarizes the benefits of both long-term exercise and physical activity and shorter-duration exercise programs on health and functional capacity. Although no amount of physical activity can stop the biological aging process, there is evidence that regular exercise can minimize the physiological effects of an otherwise sedentary lifestyle and increase active life expectancy by limiting the development and progression of chronic disease and disabling conditions. There is also emerging evidence for significant psychological and cognitive benefits accruing from regular exercise participation by older adults. Ideally, exercise prescription for older adults should include aerobic exercise, muscle strengthening exercises, and flexibility exercises. The evidence reviewed in this Position Stand is generally consistent with prior American College of Sports Medicine statements on the types and amounts of physical activity recommended for older adults as well as the recently published 2008 Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans . All older adults should engage in regular physical activity and avoid an inactive lifestyle. most deconditioned and physically limited older adults. Muscle strengthening activities and/or balance training may need to precede aerobic training activities among very frail individuals. Older adults should exceed the recommended minimum amounts of physical activity if they desire to improve their fitness. If chronic conditions preclude activity at the recommended minimum amount, older adults should perform physical activities as tolerated so as to avoid being sedentary. of the relationship is poorly understood. There is a strong evidence that high-intensity RET is effective in the treatment of clinical depression. More evidence is needed regarding the intensity and frequency needed elicit specific improvements in other measures of psychological health and well-being.
thermosensitive liposomes for focused ultrasound drug delivery: Using NIRF labelled lipids

Image guided drug delivery using imageable thermosensitive liposomes (iTSLs) and high intensity focused ultrasound (FUS or HIFU) has attracted interest as a novel and non-invasive route to targeted delivery of anti-cancer therapeutics. FUS-induced hyperthermia is used as an externally applied ‘trigger’ for the release of a drug cargo from within thermosensitive drug carriers. It is suggested that sub-ablative hyperthermia significantly modifies the permeability of tumour vasculature and enhances nanoparticle uptake. Here we describe the preparation and use of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and near infrared fluorescence (NIRF) thermosensitive liposomes for imaging and tracking of biodistribution and drug release in a murine cancer model. We prepared iTSLs to encapsulate topotecan (Hycamtin®), a chemotherapeutic agent which when released in tumours can be monitored by an increase in its intrinsic drug fluorescence. FUS was applied using feedback via subcutaneously placed fine-wire thermocouples to maintain and monitor hyperthermic temperatures. iTSL accumulation was detected within tumours using NIRF imaging immediately after liposome administration. Mild FUS-induced hyperthermia (3 min at 42 o C, 30 min post i.v. ) greatly enhanced iTSLs uptake. A co-localised enhancement of topotecan fluorescence emission was also observed immediately after application of FUS indicating rapid triggered drug release. The phenomena of increased iTSL accumulation and concomitant topotecan release appeared to be amplified by a second mild hyperthermia treatment applied one hour after the first. MRI in vivo also confirmed enhanced iTSLs uptake due to the FUS treatments. Our imaging results indicate the effects of hyperthermia on the uptake of carriers and drug. FUS-induced hyperthermia combined with real time imaging could be used as a tool for tumour targeted drug delivery.
Trilobites and zircons link north China with the eastern Himalaya during the Cambrian

A paucity of integrative data can lead to disparate pre-Pangean paleogeographic reconstructions, such as those for the Neoproterozoic–Cambrian paleogeography of the blocks of modern-day China. Reconstructions for the north China block, in particular, have relied on sparse paleomagnetic and biogeographic data and, as a result, have yielded discordant paleogeographic models. Here we present new detrital zircon grain age distributions from siliciclastic rocks, coupled with species-level polymerid trilobite biogeography, that suggest close ties between north China and the northeastern Indian margin during the Cambrian. In combination, these data require north China to have been in paleogeographic continuity with northern India as a part of core Gondwanaland, contrasting with the traditional view that north China was an isolated outboard terrane. The shared record of Cambrian–Ordovician tectonism in both northern India and north China likely represents the same event, which affected this region of Gondwanaland.