Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Use of Open-Ended Questions in Measurement and Evaluation Methods in Distance Education

In the 21st century, which is characterized as the Information Age, information access, knowledge quick learning is vital to the development of individuals and societies. With the use of technological innovations in the field of education in the information society, it will be possible to acquire a lasting place in the globalizing world. Distance Education refers to a model of the education system that students and teachers carry out through their learning and teaching activities by communicating via technologies and postal services. According to the year 2015 data, 68 out of 184 higher education institutions in Turkey offer an open and distance learning program. 47 of them are undergraduate, 17 are graduate, 11 are graduate completion and 56 are in master degree level. In total there are 505 different programs. The measurement and evaluation process of results of training is as important as developing content in distance education applications. When question types used in Distance Education Measurement and Assessment are examined, the use of Open-ended Questions is less than other methods. However, it is well-known fact that these type of questions are good predictors of the students’ knowledge. The biggest problem that arises with the usage of open-ended questions is the evaluation part. The different answers that students will give to the questions, their personal narrative skills, or the interpretations they will answer in response to the questions make the evaluation process difficult. At this point, it would be better to interpret the answers recorded in the database with Text Mining methods and Natural Language Processing techniques. In this work, we implement an algorithm for evaluation of open-ended question. The experimental results showed that a correlation was found between 0,89 - 0,96 when evaluating open-ended questions of our system by teacher evaluation.
A Concpetual Model of Customer Value in eCommerce

Customer value is crucial in predicting customer choice in traditional consumer behavior research. However, online customer value can be different from its offline counterpart because customer value is highly context-dependent. In online retailing settings, not only the product itself, but also the web store and the Internet channel contribute value to customers. Synthesizing the research in consumer behaviour and IS, we propose an online customer value model with three key components: the outcome value, the process value, and the shopping enjoyment. These three dimensions capture different benefits an online consumer can obtain from a web store. A pilot study with a sample of 89 graduate students was carried out. The preliminary results validate our choice of constructs and test the validity and reliability of the instruments used in this study. With an explicit focus on the customer role of a web user, this value conceptualization is expected to facilitate better understanding of the online consumer behaviour.
Cutting, Driving, Digging, and Harvesting: Re-masculinizing the Working-Class Heroic

Television portrayals of working-class males in blue-collar jobs have in the past proven unflattering at best, demeaning at worst. But a new breed of unscripted TV shows articulates a fundamentally different narrative about the unsung heroism of working-class men. This article explores the narratives and images associated with the re-masculinization of blue-collared working-class males as real men in contrast to conventional working-class misrepresentations as persons lacking self control, motivation and commitment. This genre of “macho” male programs constitutes a key ideological tool by which “hegemonic” narratives of conventional masculinity are internalized through the “pleasures of the media. ” The authors conclude that, despite the recent valorization of blue-collar values, contributions, and identities, representational distortions and content omissions persist in portraying working class realities.
Growth and Bubbles: The Interplay between Productive Investment and the Cost of Rearing Children

As it is documented, investment of households in human capital is negatively related to the number of children individuals will have and requires some loans to be financed. We show that this negative relationship contributes to explain episodes of bubbles that are associated to higher growth rates. This conclusion is obtained in an overlapping generations model where agents choose to invest in a productive asset, that can be interpreted as human capital, and decide their number of children. A bubble allows to smooth consumption and expenses over the life-cycle, and can therefore be used to finance either productive investment or the cost of rearing children. The time cost of rearing children plays a key role in the analysis. If the time cost per child is sufficiently large, households have only a small number of children. The bubble then has a crowding-in effect because it is used to finance productive investment. On the contrary, if the time cost per child is low enough, households have a large number of children. Then, the bubble is mainly used to finance the total cost of rearing children and has a crowding-out effect on investment. Therefore, the new mechanism we highlight shows that a bubble enhances growth only if the economy is characterized by a high rearing time cost per child.
USE OF ICT IN ENGLISH LANGUAGE TEACHING AND LEARNING

R.Vijay Kumar ABSTRACT Today science, information and technology (ICT) have left their impact on every aspect of human life. Most of the significant developments that one can observe today can be attributed to the impact of science and technology. As technology has created a change in all aspects of society, it is also changing our expectations of what students must learn in order to function in the new world. Even in education sector, we witness that technological advancement and innovations have made a visible impact and have changed a scenario. The word ‘ICT’ includes any communication device such as computer, mobile phones, radio, television, satellite system etc. Now the role and use of technology as a tool for teaching of English language is increasing as educators have understood its ability to create both independent and collaborative learning environment in which students can learn English with much ease. Traditional methods of imparting higher education have become less motivating. Here, technology plays an important role in creating innovation and motivation for the learners. This paper will address modern technology as Information and Communication Technologies, which has become possible in our communities since the availability of computers.
ICT , innovation and productivity : evidence from Latin American firms 1 Draft – do not distribute

It is generally recognized that Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) have radically changed how modern business is conducted, benefitting firm performances through several channels, such as increasing the efficiency of internal processes, expanding market reach or increasing innovation. However, most related literature refers to developed countries and evidence for Latin America is scarce and fragmented. This paper contributes to fill in this gap by identifying the drivers of ICT diffusion in LAC firms and assessing the relationship between ICTs and firm performance in the region. We find evidence of the presence of both epidemic and rank effects, where larger, older, skill-intensive, exporter and urban firms are more likely to adopt ICTs. However, once adopted, size and location lose importance. Additionally, our results show a positive relationship between broadband and firmperformance. In particular, firms that have adopted broadband increase the probability of innovating, and this effect is found to be mainly related to the use of broadband to perform research and development activities. Moreover, the combined use for different activities is found to have an additional positive effect on firm innovation performance. Further estimations also provide evidence on the fact that broadband adoption and use constitute a source of productivity growth for Latin American firms.
Energy Absorption of Pultruded Glass-Graphite/Epoxy Hybrid Composites under High Strain-Rate Induced Transverse Tension

This paper focuses on the dynamic tensile response of glass-graphite/epoxy composites illustrating improvement in energy absorption through hybridization. The dynamic response and energy absorption characteristics of pultruded hybrid combinations of glass and graphite fibers in an epoxy matrix subjected to induced transverse tension at high strain-rate in a modified Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar (SHPB) apparatus, are presented. Transverse tensile strength was determined by diametral compression of disc samples (Brazilian indirect tensile test method). Diametral crack initiation and strain to failure were monitored with a Shimadzu HPV-2 high-speed video camera at a recording speed of 500,000 fps and Digital Image Correlation (DIC). Adequate measures were taken to ensure that initiation of specimen failure occurred at the exact center of the disc specimen, and propagated through the diameter along the compressive loading axis, for the induced transverse tension tests to be valid. A study of the strength and specific energy absorption demonstrates the benefits of hybridization. Under induced transverse tensile loading condition, the pure glass/epoxy (GL60) exhibited higher strength than pure graphite/epoxy (GR60). Pure graphite/epoxy (GR60) has higher specific energy absorption capacity than pure glass/epoxy (GL60) in transverse tension. Among all hybrids, GR30 has the highest specific energy absorption under transverse tension. Overall, hybrid GL48, with 48% low-cost glass fibers in the inner core and 12% high-cost graphite fibers in outer shell, was found to exhibit better performance under induced transverse tension at high strain-rates, showing the benefits of hybridization.
Rapid Soft Tissue Approximation and Repair Using Laser‐Activated Silk Nanosealants

Tissue approximation and repair are conventionally performed with sutures and staples, but these means are inherently traumatic. Tissue approximation using laser‐responsive nanomaterials can lead to rapid tissue sealing and repair, and is an attractive alternative to existing clinical methods. Here, the use of laser‐activated nanosealants (LANS) with gold nanorods (GNRs) embedded in silk fibroin polypeptide matrices is demonstrated. The adaptability of LANS for sealing soft tissues is demonstrated using two different modalities: insoluble thin films for internal, intestinal tissue repair, and semisoluble pastes for external repair, shown by skin repair in live mice. Laser repaired intestinal tissue held over seven times more fluid pressure than sutured intestine and also prevented bacterial leakage. Skin incisions in mice closed using LANS' showed indication of increased mechanical strength and faster repair compared to suturing. Laser‐activated silk‐GNR nanosealants rapidly seal soft‐tissue tears and show high promise for tissue approximation and repair in trauma and routine surgery.
ERCC 2 / XPD gene polymorphisms and cancer risk

DNA repair of bulky adducts is essential for a normal life, as demonstrated by the existence of rare but dramatic diseases, such as xeroderma pigmentosum (XP), associating DNA repair deficiency and a high cancer proneness. It is plausible that small variations in the efficacy of repair in the normal population may facilitate cancer development in exposed individuals. In order to check this hypothesis, associations between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in key genes and some frequent human cancers have been researched. Among the repair proteins, the XPD protein is interesting because it is a major player in the nucleotide excision repair pathway and is also involved in transcription initiation and in the control of the cell cycle and apoptosis. Several SNPs have been described in the ERCC2/XPD gene, but three in particular have been studied: the C→A silent polymorphism (Arg156Arg) in exon 6, the G→A polymorphism leading to Asp312Asn in exon 10 and the A→C polymorphism leading to Lys751Gln in exon 23. We review here the epidemiological studies examining whether these polymorphisms are correlated with reduced DNA repair efficiency (analysed using different assays), their influence on the development of cutaneous carcinomas and smoking-related cancers and their possible interactions with environmental exposures.
The Aesthetic and Economic Value of Social and Non-Social Stimuli Seen from an Eye-Tracker : Pupillary Changes and Eye Fixations can Index the Aesthetic Value of HumanFaces as well as of Wine Labels

The present study examines the effect that hedonic value can have on economic decisions (e.g., willingness to pay) as well as oculomotor behavior and pupillary responses (i.e., measures of the allocation of attention). Due to the well-known interactions between reward circuitry in the brain, modes of activity in the LC, and pupillary dilations (Aston-Jone & Cohen, 2005; Laeng, et al., 2012), pupillometry with eye tracking should be a promising method to study the effect of hedonic stimuli. To our knowledge, no previous study has provided evidence that changes in the eye pupil’s diameter can index parametrically the hedonic response (i.e., proportionally to the level of attractiveness of either social or nonsocial stimuli). Specifically, pupillary changes along with eye fixations of 49 participants were monitored while they were viewing images of either human faces or wine bottles. Both sets of stimuli had initially being rated by an independent group of 80 participants for their hedonic value. Participants made economic decisions by estimating either price or salary that participants would be willing to give for each wine bottle or person, respectively. Results showed a linear increase in pupil dilations in response to parametric increases in facial attractiveness, whereas non-linear, i.e. U-shaped, pupillary changes were registered in response to wine labels. Moreover, above median level of attractiveness in faces and wine labels triggered, respectively, smaller and greater numbers of eye fixations. The data from economic decisions revealed a linear increase in the level of offered monetary payoffs as a function of hedonic level for both faces and wine labels. Areas of interest analyses revealed the visual features that attracted the most attention and a left-side laterality effect. Finally, only facial attractiveness showed gender-dependent effects on both economic decisions and biological responses.
Lunar and Martian Silica

Silica polymorphs, such as quartz, tridymite, cristobalite, coesite, stishovite, seifertite, baddeleyite-type SiO2, high-pressure silica glass, moganite, and opal, have been found in lunar and/or martian rocks by macro-microanalyses of the samples and remote-sensing observations on the celestial bodies. Because each silica polymorph is stable or metastable at different pressure and temperature conditions, its appearance is variable depending on the occurrence of the lunar and martian rocks. In other words, types of silica polymorphs provide valuable information on the igneous process (e.g., crystallization temperature and cooling rate), shock metamorphism (e.g., shock pressure and temperature), and hydrothermal fluid activity (e.g., pH and water content), implying their importance in planetary science. Therefore, this article focused on reviewing and summarizing the representative and important investigations of lunar and martian silica from the viewpoints of its discovery from lunar and martian materials, the formation processes, the implications for planetary science, and the future prospects in the field of “micro-mineralogy”.
Water wave transmission by an array of floating discs

An experimental validation of theoretical models of regular-water-wave transmission through arrays of floating discs is presented. The experiments were conducted in a wave basin. The models are based on combined potential-flow and thin-plate theories, and the assumption of linear motions. A low-concentration array, in which discs are separated by approximately a disc diameter in equilibrium, and a high-concentration array, in which adjacent discs are almost touching in equilibrium, were used for the experiments. The proportion of incident-wave energy transmitted by the discs is presented as a function of wave period, and for different wave amplitudes. Results indicate the models predict wave-energy transmission accurately for small-amplitude waves and low-concentration arrays. Discrepancies for large-amplitude waves and high-concentration arrays are attributed to wave overwash of the discs and collisions between discs. Validation of model predictions of a solitary disc's rigid-body motions are also presented.
Economic study of the treatment of surface water by small ultrafiltration units

The purpose of this work is to evaluate the possibility of utilising an ultrafiltration process for the treatment of water from the dam in the Kabylia region of Algeria and, in particular, for the provision of drinking water to people living in dispersed small vi llages. The water quality was determined by measuring turbidity, and natural organic matter concentration. The results obtained with a n ultrafiltration process indicate that this technique can considerably reduce suspended and organic matter. It also improves the bacteriological quality of the treated water. An economic evaluation for ultrafiltration of surface water is presented. The eco nomic study was performed for a drinking water unit of 20 m 3 /h . It was found that the cost per m 3 of treated water ($ 0.235/m 3 ) obtained would not be excessively high for the states of the North African region.
MORPHOMETRY OF ORBIT IN SOUTH INDIAN DRY SKULLS - DIMENSIONS OF ORBITAL ROOF AND FLOOR

Address for Correspondence: Dr. Mekala D, Assistant professor, Department of Anatomy, Coimbatore Medical College, Coimbatore, Tamilnadu, India. E-Mail: mekalavijayanand@gmail.com Background: The human orbit is a complex anatomic region. Each of its four bony walls has its own unique features and is perforated by a number of fissures and foramina that carry important nerves and blood vessels. This is an anatomical region which is of clinical & surgical interest to many disciplines like ophthalmology, oral and maxillofocial surgery and neurosurgery. This morphometric study is undertaken to provide the normal reference values of roof and floor of the orbit in south Indian population. Materials and Methods: The study was done on 200 skulls (105 males and 95 females). The length of orbital roof and floor were measured by using manual vernier caliper. All the data obtained were tabulated and analysed statistically by computing descriptive statistics like mean, standard deviation and range. Mann-Whitney test was done to find out the statistical significance of all parameters of orbits, with respect to gender and side (right and left side). Results: The results showed that the length of orbital roof and floor were significantly larger in males than in females. There were no significant differences in between the right and left side orbits. Conclusion: This study has compared the orbital roof and floor length between the genders and between the sides of the skulls. The prior knowledge of the orbital parameters may help to restore the normal anatomy of the orbit during maxillofacial and reconstructive surgeries.
Improved bounds for uniform hypergraphs without property B

A hypergraph is said to be properly 2-colorable if there exists a 2-coloring of its vertices such that no hyperedge is monochromatic. On the other hand, a hypergraph is called non-2-colorable if there exists at least one monochromatic hyperedge in each of the possible 2-colorings of its vertex set. Let m(n) denote the minimum number of hyperedges in a non-2-colorable n-uniform hypergraph. Establishing the lower and upper bounds on m(n) is a well-studied research direction over several decades. In this paper, we present new constructions for non-2-colorable n-uniform hypergraphs. These constructions improve the upper bounds for m(8), m(13), m(14), m(16) and m(17). We also improve the lower bound for m(5).
Correlation and Analysis of Endometrial Biopsy Histology with Post Hysterectomy Histopathology

DOI: 10.21276/sjams.2018. 6.2. 63 Abstract: Endometrium remains the most sensitive indicator of ovarian function and endometrial biopsy is one of the diagnostic procedures in endometrial pathology. The current study was carried out to examine the morphological pattern of endometrial biopsies and find the Correlation between Endometrial Biopsy Histology with Post hysterectomy Histopathology. This retrospective study was conducted in OBG Department, SUIMS, Shimoga. Histopathology reports of 144 patients who underwent endometrial biopsy(which included both D&C and endocoele) between june 2013 to August 2017 were analyzed to study the morphological pattern.Pre-operative and post-operative histopathology reports of 38 patients who underwent hysterectomy subsequently were compared to know the concordance rate. Out of 144patients who underwent endometrial biopsy, average age group of patient was 36 years, common finding was simple hyperplasia without atypia(43%), normal endometrium(23%), complex hyperplasia without atypia(7%), complex hyperplasia with atypia(3%), endometrial polyp(0.5%), endometrial carcinoma(0.4%). Concordance rate between endometrial biopsy and hysterectomy histopathology was 78.9%. No coexisting malignancy was reported in cases of atypical endometrial hyperplasia. Concomitantly 2 had endometrial polyps, 5 had leiomyoma, 2 had adenomyosis, detected only after hysterectomy. Endometrial biopsy has good sensitivity in diagnosis of endometrial pathology in women with AUB and pre-operative endometrial histology (both D&C and endocoel) correlates well with hysterectomy histopathology.
Borel subsets of the real line and continuous reducibility

We study classes of Borel subsets of the real line $\mathbb{R}$ such as levels of the Borel hierarchy and the class of sets that are reducible to the set $\mathbb{Q}$ of rationals, endowed with the Wadge quasi-order of reducibility with respect to continuous functions on $\mathbb{R}$. Notably, we explore several structural properties of Borel subsets of $\mathbb{R}$ that diverge from those of Polish spaces with dimension zero. Our first main result is on the existence of embeddings of several posets into the restriction of this quasi-order to any Borel class that is strictly above the classes of open and closed sets, for instance the linear order $\omega_1$, its reverse $\omega_1^\star$ and the poset $\mathcal{P}(\omega)/\mathsf{fin}$ of inclusion modulo finite error. As a consequence of its proof, it is shown that there are no complete sets for these classes. We further extend the previous theorem to targets that are reducible to $\mathbb{Q}$. These non-structure results motivate the study of further restrictions of the Wadge quasi-order. In our second main theorem, we introduce a combinatorial property that is shown to characterize those $F_\sigma$ sets that are reducible to $\mathbb{Q}$. This is applied to construct a minimal set below $\mathbb{Q}$ and prove its uniqueness up to Wadge equivalence. We finally prove several results concerning gaps and cardinal characteristics of the Wadge quasi-order and thereby answer questions of Brendle and Geschke.