Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Structural and Kinetic Studies of Structure I Gas Hydrates via Low Temperature X-Ray Diffraction and High Resolution Neutron Diffraction

The exchange of CO2 for CH4 in natural gas hydrates is an attractive approach to produce energy while simultaneously sequestering CO2. In addition to the energy and environmental implications, the solid solution of clathrate hydrate 1-x(CH4)x(CO2)  5.75H2O provides a model system to study how the distinct bonding and shapes of CH4 and CO2 influence the structure and properties of the compound. High-resolution neutron diffraction was used to examine mixed CO2/CH4 gas hydrates. CO2-rich hydrates had smaller lattice parameters, which were attributed to the higher affinity of the CO2 molecule interacting with H2O, and resulted in a reduction in the unit cell volume. Images of experimental nuclear scattering densities illustrate how the cage occupants and energy landscape change with composition. These results provide important insights on the impact and mechanisms for exchanging CH4 and CO2.
Examining Effects of the COVID-19 National Lockdown on Ambient Air Quality across Urban India

ABSTRACT Lockdown seems the most effective way to prevent the spread of Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) as no vaccine is currently available in the market to cure it. Thus, India has enforced nation-wide lockdown from 25th March to lower the spread of this contagious virus and associated illness. This study aims to quantify the changes in pollution levels as well as meteorology during the 6-weeks COVID-19 lockdown over 17 cities of India for 5 major criteria pollutants using publicly available air quality data. Hourly averaged data is accessed from the air quality monitoring stations during the lockdown and immediate pre-lockdown periods and also corresponding data from the previous year (2019). During the lockdown, PM2.5, PM10, NO2, and CO reduced significantly with relatively small changes in meteorological conditions compared to the pre-lockdown period. The highest decline is observed over Ahmedabad (68%), Delhi (71%), Bangalore (87%), and Nagpur (63%) for PM2.5, PM10, NO2, and CO, respectively. The Northern region shows the highest decline for all the pollutants with most days below NAAQS during lockdown—86%, 68%, and 100% compared to 18%, 0%, and 38% in 2019 for PM2.5, PM10, and NO2, respectively. The smaller cities Dewas and Jorapokhar show lesser improvement with only 3% and 16% improvement in days under NAAQS for PM2.5. SO2 is the least affected pollutant with little improvement. The major decline is observed during 7–10 am and 7–10 pm hours of the day for PM2.5, PM10, NO2, and CO with more than 40% reduction. The meteorological changes are very small and heterogeneous over India showing a similar extent of changes compared to the previous year but the pollution levels have reduced significantly. Thus, the sharp decline in pollutant concentration during the ~6 weeks period national lockdown can be attributed to the reduced economic and transport activities.
The Status of Iodine and Selenium in Waikato Soils

iv The selenium status of Waikato soils showed a mean concentration of 1.77 mg kg, geometric mean 1.33 mg kg and a range in concentration of 0.18 – 12.1 mg kg. Like iodine, selenium also displayed the highest mean concentrations in Allophanic and Granular soils, with the lowest concentrations in Pumice soils. The concentration of selenium also increased with soil depth, with parent material appearing to affect the selenium content of soils. Selenium appeared to be more concentrated in the soils closest to the coast than those more inland; with the relative enrichment suggesting that the losses of selenium are likely to equal or exceed the inputs from the surface. Selenium concentration in relation to land use indicated that farming and forestry may be depleting selenium from soils, with background soils displaying more selenium on average than both farmed and forestry soils. Again selenium showed similar behaviour to iodine in that it was strongly correlated to aluminium, iron and manganese, indicating that clay minerals and iron and manganese oxides are the most important factors in selenium retention in Waikato soils. Organic matter was less important in retention shown by the less significant correlation with selenium. Mercury and iodine were both strongly correlated to selenium suggesting that chalcophilic elements (mercury) are strongly associated to selenium. The strong correlation between iodine and selenium also explained the similarities in the relationships of both elements with other soil properties. The results presented for both iodine and selenium indicate that the status of both elements in the Waikato Region may be better than previously thought, with the soils showing mean concentrations that suggest they may not be as deficient as thought.
Evaluation of long-acting implant programs for calf-fed Holsteins

ABSTRACT Objective Our objective was to evaluate the relative efficacy of 3 implant programs on performance, carcass, and health outcomes in calf-fed Holstein steers. Materials and Methods Holstein steers (n = 14,360; initial BW: 147 ± 4.5 kg) were allocated to CS1CH (Synovex C at arrival, Synovex One Feedlot at d 101, and Synovex Choice at d 271; Zoetis Inc., Parsippany, NJ), DS1CH (Synovex One Feedlot at d 101 and Synovex Choice at d 272), or DXSCH [Revalor-XS (Merck Animal Health, Summit, NJ) at d 101 and Synovex Choice at d 273). Results and Discussion Steers in the CS1CH and DS1CH groups had greater ADG compared with those in DXSCH. Steers in the DS1CH group also had improved G:F compared with CS1CH and DXSCH. Steers in the CS1CH and DS1CH groups had greater proportions of Choice and Prime and lesser proportions of YG 1 and 2 carcasses compared with DXSCH. Initial buller treatment rates were lower in the CS1CH and DS1CH groups compared with DXSCH. Overall mortality was not different between the experimental groups. Implications and Applications Holstein steers implanted with a Synovex One Feedlot implant had greater G:F and improved QG distribution compared with steers given a Revalor-XS implant, when both were administered at 101 d on feed. Including a low-dose implant at arrival did not improve performance and was detrimental to feed conversion and buller rates. These results demonstrate that the payout pattern of long-acting implants affects performance, carcass characteristics, and health of Holstein steers.
ELITE ATHLETE WITH RHABDOMYOLYSIS AFTER A WORLD EXTREME CONDITIONING COMPETITION.

Stress rhabdomyolysis is especially common after extreme conditioning exercise programs, such as CrossFit®. This study aimed to better understand the conditions surrounding rhabdomyolysis in elite CrossFit® athlete to prevent new cases. Blood tests, abdominal ultrasound, and urine summary of a 36-year-old CrossFit® athlete were analyzed after an injury during the first match of the last day of a world competition (Reebok CrossFit Games® 2018). On the day of the injury, great abdominal distension was noted. The creatine kinase (CK) values were 42,040 U/L, and after 72 h, these values reached 82,443 U/L. After 6 days, abdominal ultrasound was performed to identify areas of hemorrhage and rupture in the rectus abdominis bilaterally and throughout. After 8 days, blood tests showed elevated levels of enzymes other than CK, such as aspartate transaminase (AST) and alanine transaminase (ALT). Elevated lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and CK levels were also observed. The urine summary showed an increase in the red blood cell level and the presence of hemoglobin. After 15 days, the examinations were repeated, and the AST, ALT, LDH, and CK levels decreased by 92.6%, 72.7%, 71.7%, and 99.6%, respectively. Thus, suspected rhabdomyolysis was confirmed.
Psychometric Properties of ‘Attitude towards e-Learning Scale’ among Nursing Students

As nursing schools embrace e-learning during and beyond the COVID-19 crisis, academic nursing institutions must first assess the attitude or perception of students to achieve successful transition and transformation to e-learning However, there is limited information about the psychometric properties that measure the attitudes towards e-learning among nursing students in the Philippines The objective of the study is to determine the validity and reliability of the attitudes towards e-learning scale Filipino nursing students This descriptive cross-sectional study included 111 Filipino nursing students in selected public and private universities were selected through purposive sampling The attitude toward e-learning scale was assessed for construct validity through exploratory factor analysis using varimax rotation and internal consistency reliability using Cronbach's a and -item-total correlation The nine-item attitude towards e-learning scale was loaded on one component with factor loadings ranging from -0 907 to 0 893, explaining 61 92 percent of the total variance The KMO test revealed a value of 0 900, while Bartlett's test was 644 380 (df =55, p=0 000) The corrected item-total correlation of each item varied in between 0 409 to 0 854, and the Cronbach's alpha coefficient of the 9-item scale was 0 917 The 9-item instrument was valid and reliable in assessing the attitude towards e-learning among nursing students Further studies should be done in order to test it among varied health science students
SW—Soil and Water: Improvement of Whitish Oasis Soil, Part 1: Field Experiments with a Four-stage Subsoil Mixing Plough

Abstract A prototype four-stage subsoil mixing plough was designed in Japan and built in China for the improvement of whitish oasis soil. The machine was transported to two places in China for field tests where the whitish oasis soil is found. This paper presents the trash mixing rate into mixed layer of Bca and C horizons, the inverting rate of the Bca and C horizons and the draught of the plough in the whitish oasis soil. The results show that the rolling resistance of the tracked vehicle (T802), on which the plough was mounted, was about 8 kN and the draught of the first plough body which tilled the Ap horizon was about 4 kN with a working depth of 200 mm and a working width of 500 mm. The draught of the second plough body, which tilled the surface of the Ap horizon, was about 2 kN with a working depth of 50 mm. The draught of the third plough body increased steeply with greater working depths. The draughts were about 8, 14 and 24 kN, respectively, for working depths of 117, 239 and 300 mm. The draught of the fourth plough body also increased steeply with greater working depth. The draughts were about 7, 14 and 18 kN, respectively, for working depths of 117, 178 and 239 mm. When the whitish oasis soil was disturbed by the plough bodies, it was observed that the whitish oasis soil was very hard but comparatively brittle and easily broken up. This property explains the smaller draught requirements in the whitish oasis soil despite a greater soil strength. The values of the soil-inverting rate ranged between 0·45 and 0·6, and the average value was 0·5. Perfect inversion of the Bca and C horizons was not possible, but good mixing was achieved by the plough. The average trash mixing rate in Inner Mongolia was 0·85, and that in North of River was 0·95. These data show that even in Inner Mongolia where the trash material is long, a fairly uniform trash mixing was possible.
Effects of Low‐Velocity Fault Damage Zones on Long‐Term Earthquake Behaviors on Mature Strike‐Slip Faults

Mature strike‐slip faults are usually surrounded by a narrow zone of damaged rocks characterized by low seismic wave velocities. Observations of earthquakes along such faults indicate that seismicity is highly concentrated within this fault damage zone. However, the long‐term influence of the fault damage zone on complete earthquake cycles, that is, years to centuries, is not well understood. We simulate aseismic slip and dynamic earthquake rupture on a vertical strike‐slip fault surrounded by a fault damage zone for a thousand‐year timescale using fault zone material properties and geometries motivated by observations along major strike‐slip faults. The fault damage zone is approximated asan elastic layer with lower shear wave velocity than the surrounding rock. We find that dynamic wave reflections, whose characteristics are strongly dependent on the width and the rigidity contrast of the fault damage zone, have a prominent effect on the stressing history of the fault. The presence of elastic damage can partially explain the variability in the earthquake sizes and hypocenter locations along a single fault, which vary with fault damage zone depth, width and rigidity contrast from the host rock. The depth extent of the fault damage zone has a pronounced effect on the earthquake hypocenter locations, and shallower fault damage zones favor shallower hypocenters with a bimodal distribution of seismicity along depth. Our findings also suggest significant effects on the hypocenter distribution when the fault damage zone penetrates to the nucleation sites of earthquakes, likely being influenced by both lithological (material) and rheological (frictional) boundaries.
Agricultural landscape composition affects the development and life expectancy of colonies of
 Bombus impatiens

Bumble bees are essential, ef ﬁ cient pollinators of numerous crops, and scientists are increasingly concerned about their global decline. Although several potential causes have been put forward, the concurrent modi ﬁ cation of landscape structure and pesticide use by agriculture are often pointed out as the main drivers of the decline. Yet, the mechanisms through which these factors cause species to decline remain elusive. Most ﬁ eld studies have been conducted at the individual level, and the few studies that addressed higher levels of organization only covered narrow ecological conditions. We undertook a ﬁ eld experiment in spring 2016 to overcome these limitations by placing four commercial Bombus impatiens colonies in each of 20 sites located along a gradient of agricultural intensity in southern Qu (cid:1) ebec, Canada. We hypothesized that landscape habitat composition and con ﬁ guration, as well as local ﬂ oral resources, would affect colony development. We expected colonies surrounded by low-intensity and/or ﬂ owering crops in heterogeneous landscapes to develop better and live longer, partly linked to more abundant and diversi- ﬁ ed food resources, than colonies embedded in landscapes dominated by high-intensity crops. Colonies were weighed once a week, and workers were captured to assess pollen load diversity. Final colony weight, queen production, and presence of depredators ( Aphomia sociella , Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) were also recorded. Landscape habitat composition and con ﬁ guration were characterized within 1 km of colonies. Local availability of ﬂ oral resources was assessed within 100 m of colonies every two weeks. As predicted, colony weight and longevity decreased with the proportion of intensive crops and increased with the amount of ﬂ owering crops, but queen production and the occurrence of A. sociella were not affected by landscape composition. Contrary to our prediction, local availability of ﬂ oral resources also did not affect colonies. The pollen richness brought back to colonies decreased with the proportion of ﬂ owering crops and varied according to the proportion of intensive crops interacting with local ﬂ oral resources. Our work contributes to generalize the more restrictive conclusion of local-scale, crop-speci ﬁ c studies that intensive crop farming undermines bumble bee colony development and that it may thus play a role in the large-scale population decline of these insects.
The Effect of Research Project Course on Nursing Students’ Attitudes toward Research Process

Objective: Investigate the effect of research project course on nursing students’ attitude toward research at a college of nursing in Kerbala University and identify the relationship between nursing student’ attitude and demographic variables. A pre-experimental design (One-group Pretest-Posttest design) was utilized to determine the effect of research project course on nursing students’ attitude toward research at a college of nursing in Kerbala University. All participants were exposed to assess of attitudes regarding research before and after the implementation of the research project course in order to detect the effect of the course. The current study results revealed that; the majority (74.2%) of nursing students were within age groups (20- 22) years old the mean age of the all students was (22.27) years. 82.3% of total students were female. the majority (82.3%) of subjects were single, most of sample (80.6%) were urban resident, the mean of score of the positive attitude of respondents in posttest of the research project course was significantly higher than the pretest of the research project course in all aspects of attitude regarding research project course, and no significant difference between the nursing students’ demographic variables and attitude responses in the posttest of research project course.
Susceptibility of the bird cherry‐oat aphid, Rhopalosiphum padi (Hemiptera: Aphididae), to four insecticides

The bird‐cherry oat aphid (Rhopalosiphum padi) is a global pest, attacking most cereal crops including barley, wheat, oats and triticale. The aphids cause yield losses through direct feeding damage and the transmission of plant viruses. In Australia, feeding injury can reduce cereal yields by 6%, with the damage caused by aphid‐vectored viruses reducing the yield of cereal crops by up to 30%. Aphid control in these crops is achieved almost exclusively with insecticides, and there is growing concern surrounding insecticide resistance evolution in multiple aphid species. In this study, nine field populations of R. padi were collected from localities representing the major grain growing regions of Australia. Toxicity data against four insecticides (dimethoate, alpha‐cypermethrin, pirimicarb and imidacloprid) was generated for each aphid population. This revealed little differences in population responses for three of these insecticides. For alpha‐cypermethrin, a widely used insecticide in Australia, there were significant differences between several populations. These data will be important for future monitoring of insecticide responses of R. padi and highlight the impending pest management challenges growers could encounter in Australia.
Island biogeography of native and alien plant species: Contrasting drivers of diversity across the Lesser Antilles

Understanding the factors driving the diversity of alien and native species on islands is crucial for predicting the spread of alien species and for proposing management practices to protect the unique native biodiversity that often occurs in insular ecosystems. The main objective of this study was to evaluate whether native and alien plant species respond similarly to natural biogeographic and human‐related drivers.
The Relationship Between Husband Support and Health Workers Support with Exclusive Breastfeeding Behavior in Sidotopo Village, Surabaya, Indonesia

Exclusive breastfeeding is breast milk given to babies from birth to 6 months without added food or drinks except drugs for medical indications. Many factors can affect mothers in giving exclusive breastfeeding. The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship between husband’s support and the support of health workers with exclusive breastfeeding. The research used observational analytic method with cross sectional research design. The sample in this study were 65 mothers who have baby aged 7-12 months in Sidotopo Surabaya. The research used simple random sampling technique with Chi-square test with 95% confidence level. The results showed there was no correlation between husband support (p = 0.426) and health workers support (p = 0.166) with the behavior of mothers in exclusive breastfeeding. The conclusion of the study is that there is no significant correaltion between husband support and health workers support with the behavior of mothers in exclusive breastfeeding. So it is necessary to increase counseling about the importance of exclusive breastfeeding, family planning counseling and lactation management.
PRODUCTION OF LIPASE BY IMMOBILIZED BACILLUS THURINGIENSIS AND LYSINIBACILLUS SPHAERICUS AND THEIR BIODEGRADATION POTENTIAL ON DIESEL

This study reported production of lipase by immobilized Bacillus thuringiensis. Bacteria isolates were screened on Bushnell-Hass Mineral Salt medium containing 1% v/v Diesel for oil degradation. The potent isolates were identified using 16S rRNA as Bacillus thuringiensis. The isolates were immobilized in gelatin matrix and cultured for lipase production in a submerged medium. The crude lipase extracted was used for degradation of Diesel. Optimum degradation of Diesel 41.4% was obtained by lipase from Immobilized Bacillus thuringiensis and 31.6% for Lysinibacillus sphaericus at pH 7 and 35 in 20 days. GC-MS analysis was carried out to show the compounds degraded after 20 days. This study therefore presented the use of immobilized bacterial lipase in degradation of Diesel as a simple and effective approach.
A meta-analysis of the relationship between working memory and second language reading comprehension: Does task type matter?

Abstract Despite the increasing attention paid to the role of working memory in reading, findings and measurement of working memory have been inconsistent. The current meta-analysis aims to provide a quantitative description of the overall relationship between second language (L2) reading comprehension and working memory measured through reading span task and identify methodological features that moderate this relationship. Following a comprehensive search, 25 primary studies (23 peer-reviewed studies and 2 dissertations) were included comprising 37 unique samples (N = 2,682), all of which were coded for substantive and methodological features. The results showed that (a) there is a moderate relationship between L2 reading comprehension and working memory (r = .30), (b) reading span task features such as the scoring procedure, task language, and final word recall order moderate this relationship, and (c) the degree to which working memory’s involvement in L2 reading comprehension may vary depending on the type of reading tasks at hand. Implications are discussed in terms of conceptualization and measurement of working memory. Future directions are also offered in relation to measurement practices to encourage consistency and to improve our understanding of the link between working memory and L2 reading comprehension.