Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Autocrine/paracrine human growth hormone stimulated miRNA 96-182-183 cluster promotes epithelial-mesenchymal transition and invasion in breast cancer

Background: hGH is an orthotopically expressed oncoprotein associated with mammary epithelial cell tumorigenesis. Results: miR-96-182-183 cluster is regulated by autocrine/paracrine hGH and targets BRMS1L and GHR. Conclusion: Autocrine/paracrine hGH promotes cancer epithelial-mesenchymal transition and via stimulating miRNA -96-182-183 cluster. Significance: Autocrine/paracrine hGH and miR-96-182-183 cluster be exploited as a therapy ABSTRACT Human growth hormone (hGH) plays critical roles in pubertal mammary gland growth, development and sexual maturation. Accumulated studies have reported that autocrine/paracrine hGH is an orthotopically expressed oncoprotein that promotes normal mammary epithelial cell oncogenic transformation. Autocrine/paracrine hGH has also been reported to promote mammary epithelial cell epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and invasion. However, the underlying mechanism remains largely obscure. miRNAs are reported to involved in regulation of multiple cellular functions of cancer. To determine whether autocrine/paracrine hGH promotes EMT and invasion through modulation miRNA expression, we performed microarray profiling using MCF-7 cells stably expressing wild type or a translation deficient hGH gene and identified miR-96-182-183 as an autocrine/paracrine hGH regulated miRNA cluster. Forced expression of miR-96-182-183 conferred epithelioid MCF-7 cells with a mesenchymal phenotype and promoted invasive behavior in vitro and dissemination in vivo . Moreover, we observed that miR-96-182-183 promoted EMT and invasion by directly and simultaneously suppressing Metastasis Suppressor 1-like (BRMS1L) gene expression. miR-96 and miR-182 also targeted cancer cells. Our findings suggest that autocrine hGH and miR-96-182-183 cluster might be exploited as prognostic markers or therapy targets for breast cancer.
Risk-taking by incubating Common Goldeneyes and Hooded Mergansers

We studied nest defense by Common Goldeneyes (Bucephala clangula) and Hooded Mergansers (Lophodytes cucullatus) nesting near Sudbury, Canada between 1989-1995. As incubation proceeded, female Common Goldeneyes took greater risks by allowing the observer to approach the nest more closely before flushing, landing closer to the nest after flushing, vocalizing more commonly when flushed, and giving more broken wing or distraction displays. Hooded Merganser females exhibited relatively strong defense at all stages, including giving distraction displays much earlier in incubation. An index of all four behaviors increased for each species as incubation proceeded. Nest defense by these cavity-nesting ducks differed from patterns known for ground-nesting waterfowl, perhaps due to effects of nest location, predation type and intensity, and nest parasitism. Future nest defense studies should consider the overall suite of behaviors that comprise parental strategies for defending their nests and/or offspring.
Effect of Root-zone Heating on Root Growth and Activity, Nutrient Uptake, and Fruit Yield of Tomato at Low Air Temperatures

Smeets, L. and F. Garretsen. 1986. Growth analyses of tomato genotypes grown under low night temperatures and low light intensity. Euphytica 35: 701–715. Tindall, J. A. , H. A. Mills and D. E. Radcliffe. 1990. The effect of root zone temperature on nutrient uptake of tomato. J. Plant
Rate of Establishment of Natural Enemies in Classical Biological Control

Since ca. 1890, applied entomologists throughout the world have been introducing exotic natural enemies to obtain classical biological control. Recently, C. P. Clausen and coworkers prepared a summary of this phase of biological control (Clausen 1978) which treats the subject on a worldwide basis up to 1968. In the present paper, we present an analysis of data obtained from this volume, viz., rate of establishment of natural enemies in classical biological control.
Diurnal changes of photosynthesis and chlorophyll fluorescence in Cattleya × hybrida and Phalaenopsis amabilis with different light intensities

Cattleya × hybrida and Phalaenopsis amabilis are popular for special flower and long florescence.We want to grasp the optimum illumination intensity for their cultivation.Diurnal changes in the rate of net photosynthesis(Pn) and parameters of chlorophyll fluorescence were studied with three light intensities:full light(no shading net,the most high light intensity was 860 μmol·m-2·s-1),36% of full light(with one layer of shading net,310 μmol·m-2·s-1) and 18% of full light(with two layers of shading net,160 μmol· m-2·s-1). The diurnal change were determined from 28th to 30th of September,2005 with three replica-tions.The diurnal change in Pn for C. × hybrida and P.amabilis formed a "V" curve.From 10 a.m.onward to 6 p.m. ,leaves in plants with full light and 36% of full light experienced negative photosynthesis.At 6 p.m. ,Pn for full light intensity was still below 0,whereas the other two treatments were above 0.With 18% of full light intensity,compared to other two treatments,Pn decreased less at noon and recovered quicker.With full light intensity,variable fluorescence/maximum fluorescence(Fv/Fm) of dark-adapted material,Φ photosystem Ⅱ(ΦPSⅡ),and photochemical quenching(qP) decreased in the leaves with increasing light intensity,and were lower at 6 p.m. than at 8 a.m.Changes for Fv/Fm,ΦPSⅡ,and qP at 36% of full light intensity were nearly the same as full light intensity,but were closer at 6 p.m. and 8 a.m.With 18% of light intensity,chlorophyll fluorescence in C. × hybrida and P.amabilis was steady for the whole day.For 36% and 18% of full light intensity,the electron transfer rate increased with increasing light intensity,whereas the opposite occurred with full light intensity.Thus,C. × hybrida and P.amabilis suffered serious photoinhibition with light intensity of 500 μmol·m-2·s-1,but could endure with 310 μmol·m-2·s-1 light intensity with an optimum light intensity of about 160 μmol·m-2·s-1. [Ch,6 fig.15 ref. ]
Surface expression of CD11b, CD62L, CD44 receptors on blood and milk neutrophils during subclinical and clinical mastitis in Sahiwal cows

Surface expression of cell adhering molecules and CD44 was studied in Sahiwal (SW) cows suffering naturally from subclinical (SCM) and clinical mastitis (CM). Cows were divided into groups, viz. healthy (12), SCM (12) and CM (12) groups on the basis of CMT scoring, bacteriological culture, gross morphological changes in the milk and by counting milk SCC after screening of 136 SW cows. Bacteriological culture indicated infection of Staphylococcus aureus as the causative agent of SCM and CM. Healthy cows showed significantly higher CD62L expression as compared to the SCM and CM group of animals in both blood and milk neutrophils but no significant difference was found between blood and milk neutrophils. The results revealed a significant upregulation of CD11b positive cells in the CM group of cows. Significantly higher expression of CD44 was found in the neutrophils of both blood and milk of SCM group as compared to CM group. From the study, it was evident that neutrophils exhibit dynamic interplay between the integrins (CD11b) and selectins (CD62L) along with CD44 during SCM and CM Staphylococcal mastitis to offer host protection against the foreign invaders.
Adaptability of APSIM Maize Model in Northeast China

The APSIM (Agricultural Production Systems Simulator) model was introduced to simulate maize growth, development and yields in Northeast China using the field experimental data and climate data collected from six typical agricultural meteorological stations in the studied area. APSIM was calibrated using the first part of data to determine the varietal parameters, then simulated the growing periods, leaf area index (LAI), total above-ground biomass and yields using the second part of data at each site. The results showed that there was a good agreement between the simulated and measured values in growing periods. The difference of growing periods from sowing to emergence, from sowing to flowering and from sowing to maturity between simulated and measured data was 0–2.0, 0.7–2.0, and 0.7–2.3 d, respectively. The Normalized Root Mean Square Error (NRMSE) values for measured and simulated LAI and total above-ground biomass in Harbin station were 33% and 11%, respectively. NRMSE values for measured and simulated yield in Harbin, Hailun, Tailai, Huadian, Tonghua, and Benxi station were 18%, 13%, 4%, 4%, 5%, and 2%, respectively. These re-sults indicated that APSIM model has good ability to simulate the growing periods, dynamic process of LAI, dynamic process of above-ground biomass and yield of maize in Northeast China. This research supports the model application in Northeast China, such as simulating maize potential yield, or prescribing yield limiting factors.
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involvement in relapsing polychondritis in Japan. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2016;55:583–4. 4. Shimizu J, Oka H, Yamano Y, Yudoh K, Suzuki N. Cutaneous manifestations of patients with relapsing polychondritis: an association with extracutaneous complications. Clin Rheumatol 2016; 35:781–3. 5. Dion J, Costedoat-Chalumeau N, S ene D, Cohen-Bittan J, Leroux G, Dion C, et al. Relapsing polychondritis can be characterized by three different clinical phenotypes: analysis of a recent series of 142 patients. Arthritis Rheumatol 2016;68:2992–3001.
Untethered Soft Actuators by Liquid–Vapor Phase Transition: Remote and Programmable Actuation

Bioinspired soft robotics have unique advantages in superior adaptability and complex motions for field exploration and interaction with humans. The mobility and output force, however, are still the critical challenges for many promising applications. It is attractive to develop “untethered” robotics to improve the mobility by getting rid of the external electrical or pneumatic tethers while achieving massive output stroke and force. Inspired by the creatures' movements induced by the multiplication of cells and asymmetric volume changes of the tissue, an untethered soft actuator composed of self‐contained liquids and super‐elastic chambers is proposed, and by remote stimuli (e.g., near‐infrared light), the capsuled liquids transit from liquid to vapor, giving rise to volume change in the corresponding chambers. Programmable motions, i.e., photophobia of artificial sunflower, can be realized, indicating a massive and linear driving stroke (up to 160% in elongation, 0.5 mm °C−1) and output force (14.5 N with 6 g self‐weight, 0.33 N °C−1). The untethered soft actuator suggests a feasible approach to develop smart, soft, and autonomous robotics and holds promise in fields ranging from surgery to rehabilitation and rescue.
Chapter 1: Introduction

The impact of parents’ protection and input in their involvement with their children regarding career choices becomes clearer and real during adolescence. Through this study, young adolescents were allowed to express their perceptions regarding their parents’ involvement in their future career preparations. In addition, it afforded the adults with an understanding of the impact of the protection and input they have invested in their children’s development. This has a reciprocal element as, through the intervention, an evaluation of parents’ and adolescents’ strengths and shortcomings can be deduced and therefore re-considered to enhance the career development of young adolescents.
Effects of a Microbial Insecticide, Bacillus thuringiensis kurstaki, on nontarget Lepidoptera in a Spruce Budworm-infested Forest

Species in a guild of nontarget leaf-feeding Lepidoptera on tobacco brush, Ceanothus velutinus Dougl. were monitored in the field to assess ecological effects of one application of the microbial pest control agent, Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner var. kurstaki (BTK). The Lepidoptera were sampled to compare species richness, species evenness, species diversity, larval abundance, and a dominance index between an untreated and BTK treated site over a period of two years. The guild of leaf-feeding Lepidoptera on C. velutinus consisted of 32 species. No statistically significant differences were observed in overall species richness, although the number of species in the untreated site was 30% higher two weeks after treatment. However, species richness among uncommon species was significantly reduced in the treated site. Also, no statistically significant differences were observed in species evenness or species diversity but the indices were lower in the untreated site in three of the four post-treatment samples. A dominace index was consistently higher in the untreated site. The total number of caterpillars per 100 sec sampling was significantly higher (5.4-fold) in the untreated site in the early summer sample, two weeks after treatment. Also, larval abundance in the early summer sample was significantly higher (3.5-fold) one year later. No differ- ences were noted in larval abundance in the late summer sample in either year.
Latitudinal Gradient in the Body Weight of Bluegill Lepomis macrochirus in Lake Biwa, Japan

Variations in the body weight of bluegill Lepomis macrochirus among 10 coastal regions of Lake Biwa and 11 lagoons of the lake were studied in Oct. 2005 and Oct. 2007, respectively. The body weights of fish with a normalized total length were estimated from length-weight relationships determined at each site. Body weights of bluegill from the lake and lagoons increased linearly with latitude. Additionally, there was a negative correlation between the calculated body weight and the number of sampled bluegill per unit time from the lagoons, implying that the population density of bluegill may strongly influence its growth in lagoons. Increasing numbers of submerged plants have covered the lake area in recent years, especially in the shallow southern basin. Moreover, as a predator of bluegill, the largemouth bass Micropterus salmoides appears to flourish at higher densities in the northern basin of the lake than in the southern basin. These biotic factors seem to be somewhat responsible for the significant difference between the northern and southern basins in terms of the body weight of bluegill. However, water temperature and population density of the bluegill appear to be more directly responsible for the latitudinal variation in bluegill growth in Lake Biwa.
Epidemiology of breast cancer: an environmental disease?

Breast cancer is the leading cancer site in women, both in the developed and the developing world. Incidence rates are increasing in many countries, although, in some, mortality may be stable or slightly decreasing. Geographical differences exist, with high rates of disease in North America, North Europe and Oceania, intermediate rates in South and Central America as well as South and East Europe, and low rates in Africa and Asia. Most of the literature reports that genetic inherited factors account for less than 5% of cases, although some authors advance higher figures, up to about 10%. Risk factors for breast cancer are related to the reproductive life of women: early menarche, nulliparity or late age at first birth, late menopause, diet and physical exercise, as well as hormonal factors, be they endogenous (high levels of free or not bound to SHBG estrogens) or exogenous (long‐term use of oral contraceptives or menopausal hormone replacement). The present review does not aim to be exhaustive and fully comprehensive, or to present in detail domains currently well known and accepted by all. On the contrary, it modestly wishes to highlight potentially controversial conditions which could in the future be recognized as new risk factors.
Correlated factors in amphibian decline: exotic species and habitat change in western Washington.

Amphibian declines may frequently be associated with multiple, correlated factors. In western North America, exotic species and hydrological changes are often correlated and are considered 2 of the greatest threats to freshwater systems. Bullfrog (Rana catesbeiana) introductions are frequently cited as a threat to lentic-breeding anurans native to western North America and are a suspected factor in the decline of redlegged frogs (Rana aurora) in California. Introduced fish and habitat change are cited less frequently but are equally viable hypotheses. I examined the relation among introduced species, habitat, and the distribution and abundance of red-legged frogs in western Washington. Red-legged frog occurrence in the Puget Lowlands was more closely associated with habitat structure and the presence of exotic fish than with the presence of bull-frogs. The spread of exotics is correlated with a shift toward greater permanence in wetland habitats regionally. Conservation of more ephemeral wetland habitats may have direct benefits for some native amphibians and may also reduce the threat of exotic fish and bullfrogs, both of which were associated with permanent wetlands. Research and conservation efforts for lowland anurans in the West should emphasize the complexities of multiple contributing factors to amphibian losses.
Effects of Watermelon Replanting on Main Microflora of Rhizosphere and Activities of Soil Enzymes

Soil samples collected from greenhouses with 6, 8, 10, 14 and 20 years watermelon replanting, respectively, in Changle, Shandong province were analyzed for number of bacteria, actinomycetes, and fungi, and soil enzyme activities, and pH, N, P, K, and organic matter contents in soil. Results showed that with year increasing of replanting, the number of bacteria and actinomycete showed a trend of increasing first and then decreasing afterward; the activities of proteinase and polyphenoloxidase had a similar trend as those of the number of bacteria and actinomycete; however, the trend of the number of fungi was totally opposite to that. As the replanting year increasing, the urease activity decreased, while the saccharase activity increased. Results also showed that the nitrogen content of replanting soil was not evidently changed, while the con-tents of P, K in the soil had a little accumulation after replant of watermelon. The relationship between mi-croflora, soil enzyme activities, physical and chemical character in replanting soils was also discussed.
Fabrication of a Partial Genome Microarray of the Methylotrophic Yeast Hansenula polymorpha: Optimization and Evaluation of Transcript Profiling

The methylotrophic yeast Hansenula polymorpha has been extensively studied as a model organism for methanol metabolism and peroxisome biogenesis. Recently, this yeast has also attracted attention as a promising host organism for recombinant protein production. Here, we describe the fabrication and evaluation of a DNA chip spotted with 382 open reading frames (ORFs) of H. polymorpha. Each ORF was PCR-amplified using gene-specific primer sets, of which the forward primers had 5'-aminolink. The PCR products were printed in duplicate onto the aldehyde-coated slide glasses to link only the coding strands to the surface of the slide via covalent coupling between amine and aldehyde groups. With the partial genome DNA chip, we compared efficiency of direct and indirect cDNA target labeling methods, and found that the indirect method, using fluorescent-labeled dendrimers, generated a higher hybridization si gnal-to-noise ratio than the direct method, using cDNA targets labeled by incorporation of fluorescence-labeled nucleotides during reverse transcription. In addition, to assess the quality of this DNA chip, we analyzed the expression profiles of H. polymorpha cells grown on different carbon sources, such as glucose and methanol, and also those of cells treated with the superoxide- generating drug, menadione. The profiles obtained showed a high-level induction of a set of ORFs involved in methanol metabolism and oxidative stress response in the presence of methanol and menadione, respectively. The results demonstrate the sensitivity and reliability of our arrays to analyze global gene expression changes of H. polymorpha under defined environmental conditions.
Response of galling insects to natural browsing by mammals in Alaska

Along the Tanana River, near Fairbanks, Alaska, natural browsing by the snowshoe hare, Lepus americanus, and moose, Alces alces, pruned back growth and resulted in resprouting of more juvenile growth in host plants. This resulted in longer leading shoots of stems in young trees of Populus balsamifera and ramets of the shrub, Salix novae-angliae, both species in the family Salicaceae. Total numbers of shoots were the same on uncaged and caged plots, the latter excluding moose and snowshoe hare, but the ramets of Salix novae-angliae were slightly younger on uncaged plots, indicating that dieback of older ramets accelerated under natural browsing. The most common herbivores in August 1993 were two leaf-folding sawfly species in the genus Phyllocolpa (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae). Densities of the two Phyllocolpa species, one on Populus balsamfera and one on Salix novae-angliae, were 83 and 85% higher on ramets or stems in uncaged plots. Also, the combined number of other rarer galling species were higher in browsed, uncaged plots. Mean length of leading shoots in ramets and stems accounted for 35 and 30% of variation in densities of Phyllocolpa species on Populus balsamifera and Salix novae-angliae in plots, respectively. Thus, the increased galling insect densities are accounted for as far as our studies permit by increased vigor of host plants indicated by shoot length. On Salix novae-angliae also faster dieback of older senescent ramets may have an important effect on the resource quality for gallers.
Architecture aérienne de l'Abricotier en développement libre

Summary Apricot tree is an exemple of completely sympodial branching tree. The aerial architecture and the dynamic of growth of this species are presented through six different organization levels that contribute to the edification of the observed form of the mature tree: metamer, growth unit, annual shoot, stem, elementary branched system and adult tree. Continuous evolution of each organization level all along ontogenesis is shown.
Relationships among grizzly bears, roads and habitat in the Swan Mountains, Montana

Relationships between grizzly bears, habitat, and roads were investigated between 1990 and 1994 in the Swan Mountains, Montana. Relationships were examined at three levels of resource selection. Differences existed between habitat and road features within, and those outside, the multi-year composite female grizzly bear home range. Using logistic regression, large resource selection probability functions were obtained for the subalpine zone within multiple-use lands having no roads. Selection probability was zero for private lands and declined as total road density increased. Within seasonal ranges, most grizzly bears favoured low temperate and temperate elevation zones over the subalpine zone during all seasons. Relative to forested habitats, avalanche chutes were positively selected for during all seasons, but especially in spring. Shrub lands and cutting units were important to most bears during summer and autumn. Grizzly bears were more closely associated with higher total road densities during spring than during other seasons. When in low temperate habitats, most bears used habitats with lower total road density than occurred randomly. Seasonal use by grizzly bears of areas within a 0.5 km buffer surrounding roads was evaluated. Most grizzly bears exhibited either neutral or positive selection for buffers surrounding closed roads and roads receiving 10 vehicles per day. Between 1988 and 1994, eight grizzly bears were killed by humans. These deaths were directly influenced by road access and unnatural food sources. These deaths, in addition to natural mortality, were too great to promote local population growth.