Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Mental models for conservation research and practice

Conservation practice requires an understanding of complex social‐ecological processes of a system and the different meanings and values that people attach to them. Mental models research offers a suite of methods that can be used to reveal these understandings and how they might affect conservation outcomes. Mental models are representations in people's minds of how parts of the world work. We seek to demonstrate their value to conservation and assist practitioners and researchers in navigating the choices of methods available to elicit them. We begin by explaining some of the dominant applications of mental models in conservation: revealing individual assumptions about a system, developing a stakeholder‐based model of the system, and creating a shared pathway to conservation. We then provide a framework to “walk through” the stepwise decisions in mental models research, with a focus on diagram‐based methods. Finally, we discuss some of the limitations of mental models research and application that are important to consider. This work extends the use of mental models research in improving our ability to understand social‐ecological systems, creating a powerful set of tools to inform and shape conservation initiatives.
Does low-dose aspirin initiated before 11 weeks ’ gestation reduce the rate of 1 preeclampsia ? 2

61 62 OBJECTIVE DATA: Pre-conception or early administration of low-dose aspirin might 63 improve endometrial growth, placental vascularization and organogenesis. Most 64 studies have evaluated the potential benefit of pre-conception or early administration 65 of low-dose aspirin in women with a history of recurrent pregnancy loss, women who 66 have undergone in vitro fertilization or women with thrombophilia or antiphospholipid 67 syndrome. These women are at an increased risk of placenta-associated 68 complications of pregnancy, including preeclampsia, preterm delivery and fetal growth 69 restriction. 70 STUDY: We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the effect 71 of low-dose aspirin initiated at <11 weeks’ gestation on the risk of preeclampsia, 72 gestational hypertension, or any hypertensive disorder of pregnancy. Secondary 73 outcomes included preterm delivery at <37 weeks’ gestation and fetal growth 74 restriction. 75 STUDY APPRAISAL AND SYNTHESIS METHODS: We searched in MEDLINE via 76 PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), 77 ClinicalTrials.Gov and the World Health Organization International Clinical Trials 78 Registry Platform (WHO-ICTRP) from 1985 to November 2018. Entry criteria were 79 randomized controlled trials evaluating the effect of aspirin administered at <11 weeks’ 80 gestation in preventing preeclampsia and/or hypertensive disorders in pregnancy or 81 improving pregnancy outcomes in women with recurrent miscarriage as compared to 82 placebo or no-treatment and outcome data available or provided by authors for >85% 83 of the study population. Relative risks (RR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were 84 calculated for each study and pooled for global analysis as the effect measure. We 85 assessed statistical heterogeneity in each meta‐analysis using the Chi2 statistics, I2 86
NEUROLOGICAL PHYSIOTHERAPY IN LABRADOR RETRIEVER DOG WITH PARAPARESIS: A CASE REPORT

Background: Spinal cord injuries (SCI) may cause neurological problems such as muscle weakness, sensory disorders, and incontinence. This case report aims to investigate the effectiveness of the sensorimotor rehabilitative physiotherapy program in a dog with paraparesis. Case Description: A 1-year-old, 27 kg male dog was brought to Near East University, Animal Hospital, after a motor vehicle accident. The dog was diagnosed as a T13 vertebral fracture and luxation at the T13-L1 spinal level according to the clinical and radiological examination performed by a veterinary physician. The dog showed; poor standing, weakness in the hind limbs and back muscles, urinary and fecal incontinence at the clinical examination. The physiotherapy program included; massage, sensory stimulation applications, Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation (NMES), joint mobilizations, standing-balance exercises, and gait training. Outcome Measures: Consequently, improvements were obtained in standing and sitting balance, gait, bladder, and bowel functions at the end of the seven-week treatment period. The standing duration increased from 3 sec to >60 sec; also, thigh circumferences increased from 31cm to 36 cm in the right and 32 cm to 36 cm in the left limb. Canine Acute Pain Scale score was reduced from 2 to 1 in a positive sense. Conclusion: There were a satisfying motor and functional recovery in our case. We believe that the dog’s young age and the type of injury (neurapraxia) contributed to these positive results. Therewithal, early and active physiotherapy program plays a crucial role in maintaining functional independence, also coping with the symptoms in the dog.
Strawberry growers are unlikely to forgo soil fumigation with disease-resistant cultivars alone

A major collaborative project launched in 2017 to accelerate the development of disease-resistant strawberry cultivars is responding urgently to two developments: increasing restrictions on fumigant use and the appearance of two novel pathogens not evidently manageable with allowed fumigants. As part of that project, I sought to understand the factors that guide growers' cultivar choice and assess their willingness to choose a pathogen-resistant cultivar to reduce or potentially replace fumigation. From a survey completed by 33 strawberry growers and in-depth interviews with 20 growers, I found that most growers prioritize yield in choosing cultivars, despite the industrywide problem with low prices. Few growers said they would be willing to substitute disease-resistant cultivars for fumigation without fail-safe disease control methods. Many growers, even those with existing organic programs, would opt for soilless systems in a tighter regulatory environment. This study thus suggests that disease resistance breeding must be coupled with support for other disease management techniques, and the economic situation that makes growers feel that they cannot forgo yield also needs attention.
Antibiotic and Heavy Metal Resistant Bacteria Isolated from Aegean Sea Water and Sediment in Güllük Bay, Turkey : Quantifying the resistance of identified bacteria species with potential for environmental remediation applications

Heavy metal and antibiotic-resistant bacteria have potential for environmental bioremediation applications. Resistant bacteria were investigated in sediment and seawater samples taken from the Aegean Sea, Turkey, between 2011 and 2013. Bioindicator bacteria in seawater samples were tested using the membrane filtration technique. The spread plate technique and VITEK® 2 Compact 30 micro identification system were used for heterotrophic aerobic bacteria in the samples. The minimum inhibition concentration method was used for heavy metal-resistant bacteria. Antibioticresistant bacteria were tested using the disk diffusion method. All bacteria isolated from sediment samples showed 100% resistance to rifampicin, sulfonamide, tetracycline and ampicillin. 98% of isolates were resistant against nitrofurantoin and oxytetracycline. Higher antibiotic and heavy metal resistance was recorded in bacteria isolated from sediment than seawater samples. The highest levels of bacterial metal resistance were recorded against copper (58.3%), zinc (33.8%), lead (32.1%), chromium (31%) and iron (25.2%). The results show that antibiotic and heavy metal resistance in bacteria from sediment and seawater can be observed as responses to environmental influences including pollution in marine areas.
Fundamental Aspects of CO2 Metal Loss Corrosion - Part 1: Mechanism

Carbon steel is thermodynamically unstable in water with dissolved CO2 and the only reason that carbon steel is so attractive and can be so widely used in oil and gas production is that the steel surface becomes covered by a protective layer of corrosion products, oil, mineral scale or inhibitors. It is relatively easy to predict and explain the high corrosion rates on bare steel. The real challenge is to reduce the corrosion and that requires knowledge about the performance of the protective layers, means to predict the breakdown of the layers and methods and techniques to ensure that robust layers form on the surface. The paper discusses how CO2 affects the water chemistry, the electrochemical reactions on the bare steel surface, and the initiation and growth of protective corrosion product films. As many sweet systems contain organic acids that affect the solution chemistry and the formation and stability of the FeCO3 corrosion product films, organic acids need also to be considered when the effect of CO2 is discussed.
Growth and yield of browntop millet as influenced by dates of sowing and nitrogen levels

A field experiment was conducted during kharif, 2019 at College Farm, College of Agriculture, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad to study the effect of dates of sowing and nitrogen levels on growth and yield of browntop millet. The experiment was laid out in factorial randomized block design with 16 treatment combinations and replicated thrice. The treatments consisted of four dates of sowing viz., D1-June 15th, D2- June 30th, D3-June 15th, D4-July 30th and four nitrogen levels viz., N1-0 kg ha-1, N2-20 kg ha-1, N3-40 kg ha-1, N4-60 kg ha-1. The results revealed that among the dates of sowing, plant height, leaf area at 60 DAS and dry matter production at harvest, effective tillers hill-1, panicle length, weight of panicle, number of grains panicle-1, grain and straw yield were significantly higher with D1-June 15th sowing and among nitrogen levels, N4-60 kg ha-1 recorded higher plant height, leaf area and dry matter production at harvest, number of effective tiller hill-1,panicle length, weight of panicle, number of grains panicle-1, grain and straw yield but it was on par with N3-40 kg ha-1.
Academic Freedom: Understanding and Experience of Higher Education Lecturers in Indonesia

Academic freedom is a universal concept inherent in the academic community of higher education. But in its implementation, it is always diverse because it attached to the cultural context and locality of the community. This research aims to find out the description of lecturers' understanding of academic freedom and determine challenges in the field based on their experience. Data were collected by in-depth interviews with 15 informants from 10 tertiary institutions located in 5 major islands in Indonesia. Data analysis was performed by describing data qualitatively using analytic reduction of statement identification, determination of core themes, and essence descriptions. The results showed that lecturers have an understanding of academic freedom to conduct or not to carry out activities based on the disciplines they engaged in, in the aspects of teaching, research, publication, and community service without any intervention. Lecturers also get treatment of restrictions on academic freedom conducted by leaders of higher education institutions, fellow lecturer colleagues, government officials, and community groups. Dialogue is the most common way lecturers do when faced with restrictions in academic freedom. Thus, it is important to formulate a broader and more detailed conceptualization to minimize the interpretation of the misuse of interests. Strengthening networks between lecturers and international institutions concerned with academic freedom is a form of academic policy.
On Valuing Nature-Based Solutions to Climate Change: A Framework with Application to Elephants and Whales

We develop a framework for natural resource valuation that directly addresses the fundamental collective action problem in environmental protection. Our framework uses the lessons of behavioral economics to create values that individual decision makers find credible and relatable, in addition to stimulating excitement or concern that is essential to prompting action. We then apply this framework to value forest elephants in Africa and great whales that are found off the coasts of Brazil and Chile. The values we estimate for individual members of these species are significant: $1.75 million per forest elephant and an average of $2 million per whale. We discuss how our valuations lead to new designs for environmental preservation and restoration policies.
Molecular Analysis of PKU-Associated PAH Mutations: A Fast and Simple Genotyping Test

Neonatal screening for phenylketonuria (PKU, OMIM: 261600) was introduced at the end of the 1960s. We developed a rapid and simple molecular test for the most frequent phenylalanine hydroxylase (PAH, Gene ID: 5053) mutations. Using this method to detect the 18 most frequent mutations, it is possible to achieve a 75% detection rate in Italian population. The variants selected also reach a high detection rate in other populations, for example, 70% in southern Germany, 68% in western Germany, 76% in Denmark, 68% in Sweden, 63% in Poland, and 60% in Bulgaria. We successfully applied this confirmation test in neonatal screening for hyperphenylalaninemias using dried blood spots and obtained the genotype in approximately 48 h. The method was found to be suitable as second tier test in neonatal screening for hyperphenylalaninemias in neonates with a positive screening test. This test can also be useful for carrier screening because it can bypass the entire coding sequence and intron–exon boundaries sequencing, thereby overcoming the questions that this approach implies, such as new variant interpretations.
Recent shifts in taxonomic compositions of water frog populations (Anura: Pelophylax) inhabiting fish ponds in southern Poland

In Central Europe, water frog species coexist in assemblages consisting of Pelophylax lessonae, P. ridibundus and their hybridogenetic hybrid, P. esculentus. Population compositions are poorly understood, partly because of difficulties in distinguishing hybrids from parentals by means of morphology alone. Environmental change and human-mediated, cryptic introductions of non-native water frog species have modified local assemblages. In this contribution we examined the structure of nine water frog populations inhabiting mostly large fish ponds in the Upper Vistula river valley of southern Poland using morphology and PCR-based genotyping of single loci in the nuclear and mitochondrial genomes. We found four different water frog population compositions: two with only P. ridibundus, one composed of P. lessonae and P. esculentus, three with P. ridibundus and P. esculentus, and three containing all three water frog taxa. Historical data show that the area was previously inhabited by lessonae-esculentus populations. We propose that both ecological and genetic replacement by expanding P. ridibundus may have contributed to the decline of the former. Overall, 18% of P. ridibundus frogs contained introgressed P. lessonae mtDNA, however, the frequency of introgressants was most pronounced in populations with a high proportion of P. esculentus. Exotic water frogs were not detected in the study area. Our results bear significance for water frog population dynamics and conservation in Central Europe and highlight the importance of long-term monitoring for the detection of changes in population composition in these amphibians.
Academic Supervision to Improve Teachers' Readiness in Utilizing Information and Communication Technology in Vocational High Schools

The study aims to explain the implementation of academic supervision to improve teachers' readiness in utilizing information and communication technology. The implementation includes several aspects, such as planning, implementation, and evaluation of academic supervision. The research is a qualitative type with a case study approach. The subjects are the headmaster and teachers in SMK Muhammadiyah Karangmojo. The data were gathered through observation, interview, and documentation. They were then analyzed by reducing, displaying, and drawing a conclusion. The research has three findings. First, the supervision program is arranged by the headmasters, consisting of the supervision instruments emphasizing the use of digital learning media by the teachers. Second, the teachers have utilized various and attractive digital communication media, allowing the students to be more active and creative during the learning process. In implementing the program, the main obstacle encountered by the headmasters is related to the teachers, in that the senior teachers are reluctant to learn to use information and communication technology. Besides, a low internet connection becomes another impediment that occurs if the school members use it at the same time. Third, the evaluation and follow-up were carried out by facilitating the teacher forum (MGMP) at school and sending the teachers to follow the training and education program to increase the literacy in information and communication technology. The findings prove that the supports of the headmaster as the top leader through academic supervision help teachers improve their readiness in utilizing the technology in the classroom.
Perceived Quality of Life among Health Personnel: The Vitamin Model Analogy

Purpose : Perceived quality of life has partly been based on the evaluation of people's major categories of fundamental life needs. Thus, people's perception of their position in life in the context of the culture and value systems in which they live, as relates to their goals, expectations, standards, and concerns, is their perceived quality of life. The Vitamin model elucidates the analogy of the physiological relationship between vitamins and health thereby explaining how psychological vitamins affect perceived quality of life, based on the work environment, cultural determinism, and person-environment in this case. The need to evaluate how health personnel perceived quality of life would affect their productivity and the consequent effect on overall quality of life is apt. Methods : The researchwas a cross-sectional designwith 346 participants, who were selected by stratified random sampling, as the study sample. The assessment tool was the Health Personnel Perceived Quality of Life Scale which measures how healthcare professionals perceived their quality of life in relation to job demand and performance. Principal component analysis and multiple regressions were used, based on p<0.05. Results : Age (F (4,3694) =0.01), marital status (F (19,3678) =0.03); and ethnicity (F (2,3696) =0.01) had significant influence on perceived quality of life among health personnel. However, gender (F (5,3693) =0.59) and professional affiliation (F (6,3692) =0.62) were not significant. Conclusion : The study concluded that quality of life perception among health personnel is influenced by their age level, marital status, and ethnicity, as mediated and or moderated by work environment andcultural determinism. Hence, the vitamin model analogy indicates a cogent need for the improved work environment, cultural determinism, and person-environment to ensure an improved quality of life. There is a need for more empirical studies, using the vitamin model analogy, towards improving the health personnel's perceived quality of life.
Contribution of NTFPs on livelihood of forest-fringe communities in Jaldapara National Park, India

ABSTRACT We expected that the indigenous communities of Jaldapara National Park depend on the non-timber forest products (NTFPs), and there would be a relationship between socioeconomic variables and their dependency on NTFPs. The study also documented the gap between prices of NTFP items at the household level and in local markets. Multistage sampling procedures were applied with a sample size of 205. The data collected were analyzed through descriptive statistics and Chi-Square (χ2) test. Insignificant values of Chi-Square (χ2) test reveal that there is no association or relationship of NTFP dependency with the socioeconomic and demographic variables of the respondents. The communities do rely on NTFPs for their daily, sociocultural, and cash requirements and assure a safety net during scarcity. There is a variable contribution of NTFPs to total monthly household income (1–70%). We documented 43 species of NTFPs sold either as raw or as processed form. The NTFPs sold were in the form of twigs, shoot, fruit, seed, leaves, mushroom, and fish. A wide gap exists between the price realized by the community from the sale of NTFPs and those sold in the local markets. This calls for institutional intervention for capacity building and empowering the community for processing or value addition and market intelligence.
Reference Values for Hematological and Serum Biochemical Parameters of Dromedary Camel (Camelus dromedarius) in Sub-Tropical Climate of Bangladesh

| Hemato-biochemical parameters are essential aid for disease diagnosis. The study was conducted to assess hematological and serum biochemical profile, along with their reference interval, of apparently healthy dromedary camel ( Camelus dromedarius ) at sub-tropical condition of Bangladesh. Hematological and serum biochemical analyses were made on 52 camel in Dhaka city, Bangladesh. Hemoglobin (Hb), Packed Cell Volume (PCV), Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR), Total Erythrocyte Count (TEC), Total Leukocyte Count (TLC), neutrophil, eosinophil, basophil, monocyte, lymphocyte, glucose, Total Protein (TP), albumin, urea, Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT), Triglyceride (TG), and Aspartate Transaminase (AST) were determined by biochemical analyzer with their mean, median, range, standard error (SE) and 90% referrence interval (RI). The profile comparison were made between camel with good body condition score (BCS >3) and camel with poor BCS (<3); between adult (>3 year) and juvenile (<3 year); between male and female. The reference intervals showed wide variation in their range. Significant differences were observed in the level of Hb, PCV, ESR, neutrophil, eosinophil, basophil, glucose and TP based on BCS. Adult and juvenile was showing significant variation only in the level of eosinophil and ALT. Among all the parameters, ESR and urea level in male and in female camel were significantly different. The study provides a preliminary report on hematological and serum biochemical parameters of camel in Bangladesh. It is the basis for future reasearch on camel blood as well as helpful for practitioners to interpret and compare the test results.
Analysis of the Effects of Botulinum Toxin Type A to Promote the Survival of Transverse Rectus Abdominis Myocutaneous Flaps in an Animal Model

The transverse rectus abdominis myocutaneous (TRAM) flap is one of the techniques for breast reconstruction surgery and other defects. Assuring the vascular input is the main factor that it should be ensured for the survival of the fap. Objective: The article presented is an experimental study, with the objective of evaluating the effect of the vasculature on the myocutaneous flaps of the abdominal rectum with botulinum toxin type A (TBoA) thay may improve the survival of the tissue by promoting the blood perfusion in distal parts of the flap and diminish the risk of necrosis. Material and methods: A total of 30 Wistar male rats, dissect pedicled right TRAM flap in all rats, divided into three groups: Group 1 was applied in saline solution 0.9%; Group 2 was applied in pre surgically TBoA (1 week before lifting the flap); Group 3, will apply TBOA Trans surgical. Results: Histological analysis showed: increased vascularity in group 2 TBoA compared with the saline solution with P < 0.05 statistically significant. In terms of fibrosis, inflammation and granulation tissue, there was no statistically significant difference at p = 0.6. Muscle atrophy was higher in the group of TBoA in the saline group p < 0.05. It was concluded that botulinum toxin type A prevents vasoconstriction of the vessel and promotes vasodilation subsequently lifting the muscle flap, no complications were observed in the groups with TBoA so it can be considered a safe substace and can be used for further studies.