Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Numerical simulation of the August 1986 heavy rainfall event in the Sydney area

In the 24-hour period beginning 2300 UTC on August 4, 1986, an intense east coast cyclone produced 328 mm of rain in Sydney, Australia, causing widespread flooding. The operational quantitative precipitation forecast, based on 150-km resolution, was poor, predicting only 16 mm of rain. In this study, numerical simulations of this event are carried out after modifying the large-scale and cumulus convection precipitation mechanisms. These changes make the mechanisms mutually exclusive at a given time and grid point, and more sensitive to orographic forcing and surface energy fluxes. Marked improvement in the amounts of predicted rainfall occurs as the horizontal resolution of the model increases. These results indicate that mesoscale processes play an important role in determining rainfall amounts associated with east coast cyclones and demonstrate the potential to accurately simulate very heavy rainfall events.
Commutativity of prime rings with symmetric generalized biderivations

In this manuscript we have generalized the result of B. R. Reddy and C. J. S. Reddy [8]. We have taken R to be a prime ring with nonzero ideal I of R and G be a symmetric generalized biderivation of R . We have investigated the commutativity of R if G satisfies any one of the given identities (i) G ([ l,m ] ,n ) ± [ l,m ] = 0, (ii) G ( l ◦ m,n ) ± l ◦ m = 0, (iii) G ( l,m ) ◦ G ( m,n ) = 0, (iv) [ G ( l,m ) , G ( m,n )] = 0, (v) G ( l,m ) ◦ G ( m,n ) ± l ◦ n = 0 and (vi) [ G ( l,m ) , G ( m,n )] ± [ l,n ] = 0 ∀ l,m,n ∈ I .
Geographic Variation in Testicular Morphometrics, Androgen Receptor Expression and Anti-Müllerian Hormone Levels in the Intermediate Roundleaf Bats across Distinct Regions in Thailand

Simple Summary The intermediate roundleaf bat, Hipposideros larvatus, plays an ecological role in controlling insect populations. Studying its reproductive patterns, specifically testicular morphology, is essential for its conservation, especially in areas where it is at risk. This study focused on examining the testes morphology and the expression of two proteins, AR and AMH, in male H. larvatus bats from various parts of Thailand and during different sampling periods. Results indicated seasonal breeding patterns with significant differences in testes morphometric data, AR and AMH expression depending on the location and sampling period. Notably, bats from Dong Phayayen and Chiang Dao showed higher testicular activity in June, as evidenced by greater AR protein expression. By contrast, decreased AR expression was associated with lower testicular morphometric data and increased AMH expression. This suggests that AR is linked to active testicular functions, while AMH indicates a less active or regressive phase in H. larvatus bat in Thailand. Abstract The hipposideros larvatus (intermediate roundleaf bat) is one of the insectivorous bats which has an agro-ecological role as a controller of the insect population. The reproductive patterns of H. larvatus are intricately linked to its ecological role and survival. An understanding of the testicular morphology can contribute to conservation for this species particularly in areas where its populations might be declining or under threat. However, these bats may also be associated with zoonotic diseases which can have significant public health implications. The aims of the study were to examine the morphological data as well as the expression of the androgen receptor (AR) and anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) in the male reproductive organs of H. larvatus from different areas of Thailand and at different sampling periods. Their testes were processed for histological investigation and immunohistochemistry for AR and AMH. The results showed differences among the various sampling areas and different sampling periods, which suggested seasonal breeding characteristics. The higher testicular morphometric data were observed in H. larvatus from the Dong Phayayen (DY) and Chiang Dao (CD) areas during June, while the size of seminiferous tubules decreased thereafter. High AR immunostaining was noticed when the testicular morphometric data were higher in DY bats during June. On the other hand, low AR was observed in bats during August and September, which was concomitant with the decreases in seminiferous tubule size and germinal epithelial height. The results suggest a potential correlation between AR immunostaining and the active phase of testicular functions in H. larvatus during June which may imply the involvement of AR with the enhancement of testicular activity. Conversely, the low expression of AR may contribute to the upregulation of AMH in the testes and may indicate lower testicular activity in H. larvatus in Thailand.
CO2 perturbation experiments: similarities and differences between dissolved inorganic carbon and total alkalinity manipulations

Abstract. Increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) through human activities and invasion of anthropogenic CO2 into the surface ocean alters the seawater carbonate chemistry, increasing CO2 and bicarbonate (HCO3−) at the expense of carbonate ion (CO32−) concentrations. This redistribution in the dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) pool decreases pH and carbonate saturation state (Ω). Several components of the carbonate system are considered potential key variables influencing for instance calcium carbonate precipitation in marine calcifiers such as coccolithophores, foraminifera, corals, mollusks and echinoderms. Unravelling the sensitivities of marine organisms and ecosystems to CO2 induced ocean acidification (OA) requires well-controlled experimental setups and accurate carbonate system manipulations. Here we describe and analyse the chemical changes involved in the two basic approaches for carbonate chemistry manipulation, i.e. changing DIC at constant total alkalinity (TA) and changing TA at constant DIC. Furthermore, we briefly introduce several methods to experimentally manipulate DIC and TA. Finally, we examine responses obtained with both approaches using published results for the coccolithophore Emiliania huxleyi. We conclude that under most experimental conditions in the context of ocean acidification DIC and TA manipulations yield similar changes in all parameters of the carbonate system, which implies direct comparability of data obtained with the two basic approaches for CO2 perturbation.
MicroRNA Expression Patterns Reveal a Role of the TGF-β Family Signaling in AML Chemo-Resistance

Simple Summary In patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML), cytarabine-based chemotherapy usually achieves remission, but this is commonly followed by relapse and chemo-resistance. In this study, we aim to establish next-generation sequencing (NGS)-based microRNA expression profiling and pathway analysis to identify pathways regulated differentially between chemo-sensitive and -resistant AML as potential therapeutic targets. MicroRNA expression profiles differ significantly between chemo-sensitive and chemo-resistant AML cells and reflect differences in the activity of intracellular signaling cascades. Alterations in signaling pathway activities contribute to treatment resistance and thus represent potential drug targets. Our microRNA-led approach indicates a role for activin receptor type 2A in ARA-C resistance of AML cells and suggests activin receptor signaling to be a candidate pathway for targeted therapy. Abstract Resistance to chemotherapy is ultimately responsible for the majority of AML-related deaths, making the identification of resistance pathways a high priority. Transcriptomics approaches can be used to identify genes regulated at the level of transcription or mRNA stability but miss microRNA-mediated changes in translation, which are known to play a role in chemo-resistance. To address this, we compared miRNA profiles in paired chemo-sensitive and chemo-resistant subclones of HL60 cells and used a bioinformatics approach to predict affected pathways. From a total of 38 KEGG pathways implicated, TGF-β/activin family signaling was selected for further study. Chemo-resistant HL60 cells showed an increased TGF-β response but were not rendered chemo-sensitive by specific inhibitors. Differential pathway expression in primary AML samples was then investigated at the RNA level using publically available gene expression data in the TGCA database and by longitudinal analysis of pre- and post-resistance samples available from a limited number of patients. This confirmed differential expression and activity of the TGF-β family signaling pathway upon relapse and revealed that the expression of TGF-β and activin signaling genes at diagnosis was associated with overall survival. Our focus on a matched pair of cytarabine sensitive and resistant sublines to identify miRNAs that are associated specifically with resistance, coupled with the use of pathway analysis to rank predicted targets, has thus identified the activin/TGF-β signaling cascade as a potential target for overcoming resistance in AML.
Flow Behavior of Ponded Turbidity Currents

Abstract Sea-floor topography can constrict, deflect, or reflect turbidity currents resulting in a range of distinctive deposits. Where flows rebound off slopes and a suspension cloud collects in an enclosed basin, ponded or contained turbidites are deposited. Ponded turbidites have been widely recognized in slope mini-basins and on small, structurally confined basin floors in strike-slip and foreland-basin settings. They can have a variable internal structure the significance of which remains poorly understood in terms of flow behavior. New experiments demonstrate that the ponding process can comprise up to four phases: 1) cloud establishment, 2) inflation, 3) steady-state maintenance, and 4) collapse. The experiments explored the behavior of sustained turbidity currents draining into small basins and show that the ponded suspensions that form are characterized by an important internal interface; this divides a lower outbound-moving layer from an upper return layer. The basal layer evolves to constant concentration and grain size, whereas the upper layer is graded (concentration and grain size decrease upward). During the cloud inflation stage, the concentration and velocity profiles of the ponded suspension evolve, and this phase can dominate the resulting deposit. Outbound internal waves can travel along the interface between the outbound and return layers and impinge against the confining slope, and their amplitude is highest when the density contrast between layers is greatest, e.g., when the input flows are thin and dense. The experiments show that flow reversals can arise in several ways (initial rebound, episodic collapse of the wedge of fluid above the counter slope, “grounding” of the internal velocity interface) and that despite steady input, velocities decay and the deposit grades upwards. Internal waves emanate from the input point, i.e., do not form as reflections off the counter slope. The internal grain-size interface within the suspension may dictate textural trends in sands onlapping the confining slopes. Where flows are partially ponded, internal waves can generate pulsing overspill to basins down dip.
The Influence of Viability, Independence, and Self-Governance on Trust and Public Acceptance of Uncrewed Air Vehicle Operations

Trust is expected to be a critical construct that drives successful use of advanced air mobility technologies. As yet, though, the role of trust in human-autonomy interaction is underexplored. Kaber (2018) argues that autonomy requires the highest level of three independent dimensions – viability, independence, and self-governance. The present study examined whether trust varies across the three dimensions of autonomy under varying levels of risk. Participants in the high-risk group read a series of vignettes on a drone that delivers medical supplies over a city where the current study was conducted. Participants in the low-risk group read a series of vignettes on a drone that delivers fast food over a fictitious city. Each vignette described a drone that is either autonomous (i.e., possesses all dimensions) or automated (i.e., one of the dimensions is compromised). Results imply that the three dimensions of autonomy do not equally influence human-technology trust and behavior.
The Impact of Poverty and Capital Expenditure on The Human Development Index in North Sumatra

Human development in north Sumatra is showing progress. However, the human development disparity in the North Sumatra province is still showing. The problem must be overcome quickly to prevent further disparity from developing. The study was to analyze the impact of poverty and capital expenditure on Human Development Index (HDI) of regency/city in North Sumatra. This study uses quantitative descriptive methods which have been provided by previous study conducted on 33 regencies/cities in the North Sumatra. The data covers the poverty rate, capital expenditure and HDI of regency/city in North Sumatra in 2019. Data was accessed online on the Central Statistical Agency (BPS) for North Sumatra Province website. Data analysis method using multiple linear regression analysis method. Analysis shows that poverty has a negative and significant impact on HDI of regency/city in North Sumatra. Meanwhile, capital expenditure has a positive and insignificant effect on of regency/city in North Sumatra. Poverty and capital expenditure are simultaneously significant on HDI of regency/city in North Sumatra. The result of this study implicates allocation of capital expenditure and the creation of human development strategies for the district or city in the north Sumatra province.
Ability To Use Digitalization In Increasing The Competitive Advantages Of Msmes In Indonesia: Systematic Literature Review (SLR)

The business world is currently experiencing disruption, the impact of technological and digital developments. the emergence of various kinds of sophisticated technological advances such as the Internet of Things (IoT), Advanced Robotics, 3D Printing, Artificial Intelligence and other technologies that enable changes from conventional work systems to automation and digital integration. With the phenomenon of technological disruption, a problem is being faced by MSMEs, the competitive advantage possessed by MSME players in Indonesia is decreasing. Recognizing that there is a gap in the use of technology in productive and not consumptive use, it is necessary to carry out further research, to find out more deeply, whether the use of technology in MSMEs will really have an impact on building and maintaining an MSMEs. The method used in this research is Systematic Literature Review (SLR) by collecting and analyzing journals related to keywords. Based on the literature study conducted, it was found that the competitive advantage of MSMEs in Indonesia, one of which is that MSMEs have the organizational ability to attract customers and build prestige for the organization or its products and increase the value felt by customers and achieve their satisfaction which is also the ability to provide various values to customer. Competitive advantage is not fixed, but needs to continuously evolve to keep in touch with various developments, economic, political, social and technological. The results of this research have implications for two things: first, the behavior of MSMEs is expected to continue to upgrade capabilities creatively, innovatively and adaptively, secondly, the government is expected to continue to improve and complement MSMEs facilities evenly and improve mentoring / training programs for MSMEs.
Bidirectional reflectance of coral growth-forms

ABSTRACT In situ spectral reflectance measurements of substrates in a coral reef are often obtained by viewing a substrate at nadir. However, it is likely that off-nadir oblique viewing would show different spectral characteristics for most coral reef substrates and provide valuable information on structural properties. To understand the relationship between substrate structure and spectral response, this study examined the bidirectional reflectance distribution function (BRDF) of various growth-forms of hard corals and algae, as well as rock, rubble, and sand. BRDF measurements were collected on Heron Reef, the Great Barrier Reef, Australia, during the spring (October to November) of 2010, using a visible and near-infrared (VNIR) spectroradiometer attached to a goniometer. The measurements were made in the same five view zenith angles as the PROBA-1 Compact High Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (CHRIS) satellite (+55°, +36°, 0°, −36°, −55°) in the solar principal plane (SPP). A correction algorithm was used to remove both water column and water surface effects. Uncorrected measurements for sand covered with benthic microalgae appeared to have BRDF effects, but when corrected showed an essentially diffuse spectral response. Corrected measurements for branching corals showed BRDF effects dependent on branch spacing, branch length, and colour. The results indicate that spectral reflectance does vary with view angle for complex substrates such as caespitose corals, macroalgae, and irregular beach-rock and to a lesser extent for digitate corals and rippled sand and that the morphology of the coral and the shadowing between branches determines total spectral response. It is concluded that BRDF information can provide additional discriminating features for some coral reef substrates, particularly in the wavelength range of 550–650 nm.
The Influence of History of Severe Periodontitis on Estimated Long-Term Marginal Bone Loss around Implants Restored with Fixed Segmented Full-Arch Rehabilitation

The aim of this study was to analyze the long-term marginal bone level (MBL) of implants supporting fixed full-arch restoration in patients who had previously lost their dentition due to severe periodontitis. This retrospective study included 35 patients in whom 342 implants with internal tapered conical connections were placed. MBL was analyzed radiographically over time and a long-term estimation of MBL was calculated. A mixed linear model with abutment height, graft, diameter and location (maxilla/mandible) as factors and gender, age, implant length and prosthetic variables as covariates was used to evaluate the influence on MBL. MBL in these patients showed an estimator of predictions at 4108 days after loading of −0.307 mm, SE = 0.042. Only 0.15% of implants were radiographically affected with MBL of 3 mm or more. The mixed linear model results showed a main effect of the type of opposing dentition, gender, implant diameter, and abutment height. Particularly, an abutment height of 1 mm had associated larger MBL than the remaining heights. Thus, it can be concluded that dental implants restored with fixed segmented full-arch rehabilitation in patients with a history of severe periodontal disease do not suffer important marginal bone loss if some specific factors are considered, mainly the use of long transmucosal abutments (≥2 mm).
Case Report: A Post-Traumatic Cyclops Lesion Arising from Posterior Cruciate Ligament Injury with Loss of Extension

Introduction: Cyclops lesions or arthrofibrotic nodules of the knee, first described by Jackson and Schaefer, occur in the anterior aspect of the intercondylar notch. Arthroscopically, they appear as head-like fibrous lesions with reddish-blue discoloration areas and consist of a pedunculated nodule of fibrovascular proliferative tissue, with or without bone or cartilaginous tissue. The cyclops lesion is a localized arthrofibrotic nodule most commonly seen following anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction but rare on posterior cruciate ligament injuries (PCL). In this study, we present a novel case of cyclops lesion from a minor PCL injury without laxity or previous surgery. Case Presentation: A 37-year-old man visited the outpatient clinic complaining of mild knee pain, intermittent locking, and extension discomfort after minor trauma. These symptoms started 3 weeks prior, during his usual baseball activity. The magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed an intact ACL. Still, it had a partially injured PCL, a small suprapatellar effusion, and a cyclops lesion (2.4 × 3.4 × 2.5 cm) in the intercondylar notch of the femur, originating from the PCL. An arthroscopy confirmed and excised a cyclops lesion originating from the PCL. The microscopic findings included congested blood vessels of irregular-sized veins and hemorrhagic necrosis within the wavy ligament tissues, which confirmed its origin from the ligament tissue. After arthroscopic excision, the patient’s symptoms were relieved without laxity. Conclusions: While most of these lesions can be treated efficiently by arthroscopy, the differential diagnosis should be performed for unique cases with a lesion from minor PCL injury without laxity or previous surgery.
Simultaneous 18F-FDG PET/MRI Radiomics and Machine Learning Analysis of the Primary Breast Tumor for the Preoperative Prediction of Axillary Lymph Node Status in Breast Cancer

Simple Summary A Machine Learning-based radiomics approach applied to hybrid 18F-FDG PET/MRI might predict axillary lymph node involvement in breast cancer based on the analysis of primary cancer lesions. Indeed, the depiction of tumor heterogeneity through the extraction of radiomics features for both morphological and functional images can be representative of tumor aggressiveness and propensity to invasion. In light of the new personalized treatment options, such as neoadjuvant systemic treatments or the possibility of omitting sentinel lymph node biopsy in patients with a clinically negative axilla, such an approach could result in a better preoperative stratification and also make hybrid 18F-FDG PET/MRI a comprehensive tool for both local and node (N) staging in breast cancer. Abstract In this prospective study, 117 female patients (mean age = 53 years) with 127 histologically proven breast cancer lesions (lymph node (LN) positive = 85, LN negative = 42) underwent simultaneous 18F-FDG PET/MRI of the breast. Quantitative parameters were calculated from dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE) imaging (tumor Mean Transit Time, Volume Distribution, Plasma Flow), diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) (tumor ADCmean), and PET (tumor SUVmax, mean and minimum, SUVmean of ipsilateral breast parenchyma). Manual whole-lesion segmentation was also performed on DCE, T2-weighted, DWI, and PET images, and radiomic features were extracted. The dataset was divided into a training (70%) and a test set (30%). Multi-step feature selection was performed, and a support vector machine classifier was trained and tested for predicting axillary LN status. 13 radiomic features from DCE, DWI, T2-weighted, and PET images were selected for model building. The classifier obtained an accuracy of 79.8 (AUC = 0.798) in the training set and 78.6% (AUC = 0.839), with sensitivity and specificity of 67.9% and 100%, respectively, in the test set. A machine learning-based radiomics model comprising 18F-FDG PET/MRI radiomic features extracted from the primary breast cancer lesions allows high accuracy in non-invasive identification of axillary LN metastasis.