Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An Interpretable Skin Cancer Classification Using Optimized Convolutional Neural Network for a Smart Healthcare System

Skin cancer is a prevalent form of malignancy globally, and its early and accurate diagnosis is critical for patient survival. Clinical evaluation of skin lesions is essential, but it faces challenges such as long waiting times and subjective interpretations. Deep learning techniques have been developed to tackle these challenges and assist dermatologists in making more accurate diagnoses. Prompt treatment of skin cancer is vital to prevent its progression and potentially life-threatening consequences. The use of deep learning algorithms can improve the speed and accuracy of diagnosis, leading to earlier detection and treatment. Additionally, it can reduce the workload for healthcare professionals, allowing them to concentrate on more complex cases. The goal of this study was to develop reliable deep learning (DL) prediction models for skin cancer classification; (i) deal with a typical severe class imbalance problem, which arises because the skin-affected patients’ class is significantly smaller than the healthy class; and (ii) interpret the model output to better understand the decision-making mechanism (iii) Propose an End-to-End smart healthcare system through an android application. In a comparison examination with six well-known classifiers, the effectiveness of the proposed DL technique was explored in terms of metrics relating to both generalization capability and classification accuracy. A study used the HAM10000 dataset and an optimized CNN to identify the seven forms of skin cancer. The model was trained using two optimization functions (Adam and RMSprop) and three activation functions (Relu, Swish, and Tanh). Furthermore, an XAI-based skin lesion classification system was developed, incorporating Grad-CAM and Grad-CAM++ to explain the model’s decisions. This system can help doctors make informed skin cancer diagnoses in their early stages, with an 82% classification accuracy and 0.47% loss accuracy.
Cytotoxic Metabolites from Calophyllum tacamahaca Willd.: Isolation and Detection through Feature-Based Molecular Networking

Isocaloteysmannic acid (1), a new chromanone, was isolated from the leaf extract of the medicinal species Calophyllum tacamahaca Willd. along with 13 known metabolites belonging to the families of biflavonoids (2), xanthones (3–5, 10), coumarins (6–8) and triterpenes (9, 11–14). The structure of the new compound was characterized based on nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), high-resolution electrospray mass spectrometry (HRESIMS), ultraviolet (UV) and infrared (IR) data. Its absolute configuration was assigned through electronic circular dichroism (ECD) measurements. Compound (1) showed a moderate cytotoxicity against HepG2 and HT29 cell lines, with IC50 values of 19.65 and 25.68 µg/mL, respectively, according to the Red Dye method. Compounds 7, 8 and 10–13 exhibited a potent cytotoxic activity, with IC50 values ranging from 2.44 to 15.38 µg/mL, against one or both cell lines. A feature-based molecular networking (FBMN) approach led to the detection of a large amount of xanthones in the leaves extract, and particularly analogues of the cytotoxic isolated xanthone pyranojacareubin (10).
A Cross-Sectional Study Based on Forty Systematic Reviews of Foods with Function Claims (FFC) in Japan: Quality Assessment Using AMSTAR 2

Background: The Foods with Function Claims (FFC) was introduced in Japan in April 2015 to make more products available that are labeled with health functions. The products’ functionality of function claims must be explained by scientific evidence presented in systematic reviews (SRs), but the quality of recent SRs is unclear. This study assessed the quality of SRs in the FFC registered on the Consumer Affairs Agency (CAA) website in Japan. Methods: We searched the database from 1 April to 31 October 2022. Confidence in the methodological quality of each SR was evaluated by the AMSTAR 2 checklist. Results: Forty SRs were randomly extracted on the basis of the eligibility criteria and recruitment procedures. Overall confidence was rated as “high” (N = 0, 0%), “moderate” (N = 0, 0%), “low” (N = 2, 5%), or “critically low” (N = 38, 95%). The mean AMSTAR 2 score was 51.1% (SD 12.1%; range 19–73%). Among the 40 SRs, the number of critical domain deficiencies was 4 in 7.5% of SRs, 3 in 52.5% of SRs, 2 in 35% of SRs, and 1 in 5% of SRs. Registering the review’s protocol and comprehensive search strategies were particularly common deficiencies. Additionally, the risk of bias (RoB) was insufficiently considered. Conclusion: Overall, the methodological quality of the SRs based on the FFC, introduced eight years earlier, was very poor. This was especially true in the interpretation and discussion of critical domains, which had many deficiencies in terms of protocol registration, a comprehensive literature search strategy, and accounting for the RoB.
Anodic Potential and Conversion Chemistry of Anhydrous Iron (II) Oxalate in Na-Ion Batteries

Anhydrous ferrous (II) oxalate (AFO) outperforms its hydrated form when used as an anode material in Li-ion batteries (LIBs). With the increasing interest in Na-ion batteries (NIBs) in mind, we examine the potential of AFO as the anode in NIBs through first principles calculations involving both periodic and non-periodic structures. Our analysis based on periodic (non-periodic) modeling scheme shows that the AFO anode generates a low reaction potential of 1.22 V (1.45 V) in the NIBs, and 1.34 V (1.24 V) in the LIBs, which is much lower than the potential of NIBs with mixed oxalates. The conversion mechanism in the underlying electrochemical process involves the reduction of Fe2+ with the addition of Na or Li. Such conversion electrodes can achieve high capacities through the Fe2+ valence states of iron.
The Role of Radiation Therapy in the Treatment of Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer

Simple Summary While surgery remains the main treatment modality for non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC), radiotherapy still plays a major role in the treatment algorithm, even with the emergence of immunotherapy and the revolution it is causing in treatment paradigms. The aim of our review is to describe the role of radiotherapy in the definitive and adjuvant setting for NMSC. We also aim to describe the role of radiotherapy combined with immunotherapy in these cases. Abstract Non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC) is the most common malignancy in the United States. While surgery is considered as the main treatment modality for both cutaneous basal cell carcinoma (cBCC) and cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC), radiotherapy plays an important role in the treatment of NMSC, both in the adjuvant setting for cases considered high-risk for recurrence, and in the definitive setting, when surgery is not feasible or desired by the patient. The last years have seen the emergence of immunotherapy treatment for cases of advanced cSCC in the palliative, and possibly neoadjuvant settings, making the treatment paradigm more complex. In this review, we attempt to describe the different radiation modalities available for the treatment of NMSC, the indications for adjuvant post-operative treatment with radiotherapy for cSCC, the role of radiotherapy in elective neck treatment, and the efficacy, safety, and toxicity profile of this treatment in these different settings. Furthermore, we aim to describe the efficacy of radiotherapy combined with immunotherapy as a promising horizon for treating advanced cSCC. We also aim to describe the ongoing clinical studies that attempt to examine future directions for the role of radiation treatment in NMSC.
Serum Transforming Growth Factor β1 and Its Genetic Variants Are Associated with Increased Macrophage Inflammatory Protein 1β and Susceptibility to Idiopathic Carpal Tunnel Syndrome

Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is a common entrapment neuropathy in which one of the body’s peripheral nerves becomes pinched or crushed. Transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1) plays an important role in the pathogenesis of CTS. An association between TGF-β1 polymorphisms and the susceptibility or progression of a number of diseases has been reported. In this study, three TGF-β1 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), serum TGF-β1, and macrophage inflammatory protein 1 beta (MIP-1β) were investigated as potential diagnostic markers for the progression of CTS in Egyptian patients. One hundred CTS patients and 100 healthy controls were recruited for the study. TGF-β1 SNPs +915G/C, −509C/T and −800G/A were determined by TaqMan genotyping assay. Serum TGF-β1 and MIP-1β levels were measured by ELISA. Serum TGF-β1 and MIP-1β levels increased significantly and were strongly correlated with the occurrence of CTS. The C allele of +915G/C, the T allele of −509C/T, and the G allele of −800G/A occurred more frequently in patients from CTS than in controls. The serum levels of TGF-β1 and MIP-1β in the group of carriers of the genotypes +915G/C GC and CC, the genotype −509C/T TT and the genotype −800G/A GA and AA were significantly higher in CTS patients. TGF-β1 and its +915G/C, −509C/T, and −800G/A SNPs and MIP-1β could be useful prognostic markers for the occurrence of CTS.
Interrogatives and relatives in some varieties of English

Abstract. After a general overview of standard and non standard strategies of direct interrogative clause formation in some varieties of English, the thesis focuses on the phenomenon of subject-auxiliary inversion in the wh-indirect interrogative clause in Hiberno English. We argue that the wh-dependent interrogative clause and the headless relative clause display a number of similarities and more than one point of contact in a diachronic perspective. In the light of this, our syntactic proposal discusses the possibility, in the Cartographic Approach, that wh-indirect interrogative clause displaying inversion has the syntactic structure of a headless relative clause, and not that of an interrogative. In the “fine structure” of the Left Periphery, the wh-item is thus hosted in the Spec of the higher projection WhRelP dedicated to wh-relativisers and not in the Spec of the lower IntWhP, the projection in which interrogative wh-elements are located in both main and embedded contexts. It follows that the activation of the higher projection WhRelP does not prevent verb raising to C and inversion can display. In order to support this hypothesis, evidence is provided from both Romance and Germanic languages. In the last Chapter, we turn our attention the peculiar status of the wh-element what. Adopting a cross-linguistic perspective, we analyse the occurrence of what in both the interrogative and relative system. In order to provide evidence in favour of the underspecified nature of what in English, we concentrate on the “why”-like interpretation in the colloquial language and in the dialectal varieties and on the relative uses of what and its distinctive syntactic features in the dialects of England. In this regard we will show that there are reasons to believe that relative what has become a complementiser.
Sensitivity of Model Estimates of CME Propagation and Arrival Time to Inner Boundary Conditions

Accurately forecasting the arrival of coronal mass ejections (CMEs) at Earth is important to enabling mitigation of the associated space weather risks to society. This is only possible with accurate modeling of the event. To do so, we must understand the propagation of a CME through the heliosphere and quantify the performance of models through comparison with spacecraft observations. For the 12 December 2008 Earth‐directed CME event, we compute ensembles using the HUXt solar wind model to analyze CME distortion with a structured solar wind and explore hindcast arrival time error (ATE). By highlighting the impact CME shape has on Root‐Mean‐Square‐Error (RMSE) values, we show that time‐elongation profiles of fronts captured by the Heliospheric Imager (HI) instruments onboard NASA's STEREO mission match those of the modeled CME nose and flank and can therefore be used to infer details of the longitudinal extent of the CME. We then show that accounting for CME distortion is important to enable accurate estimates of the CME arrival at Earth. This can be achieved by either using observations of multiple features in HI data to infer CME evolution or mapping the solar wind back to a lower inner boundary to allow CMEs to be distorted close to the Sun. For the event studied we show that these approaches resulted in reduced RMSEs of 0.73° and 0.64° with an ATE of 1 hour and 3 hours respectively.
Impact of ENSO on Wintertime Land Surface Variables in Northern Hemisphere Extratropics: Role of Atmospheric Moisture Processes

El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is the strongest interannual signature in the tropical air-sea system and can affect global atmospheric variables. But ENSO’s climatic impact on land surface variables like skin temperature, snow cover and soil moisture that can serve as seasonal climate predictors, remains relatively little known. Here we examine the ENSO’s impact on the three land surface variables in Northern Hemisphere extratropics by regression analysis, using a combination of ERA5 reanalysis, GLDAS, satellite-based observations, and CESM2 simulations. Our results show that during El Niño winters, the anomalous land surface warming occurs in Northern Hemisphere midlatitudes, accompanied by snow cover reduction especially in northern North America and eastern Europe, while the anomalous cooling occurs in southern North America and Tibetan Plateau, accompanied by increased snow cover. Meanwhile, increased soil moisture are observed in southern North America, central Asia, and Southeast China. Further analysis indicates that atmospheric moisture processes dominate the formation of the land surface anomalies, for which the changes in water vapor and precipitation induced by the ENSO-related large-scale atmospheric teleconnection are critical. The anomalous land surface warming in midlatitudes mainly results from the increased downward longwave radiation due to the increase of water vapor, whereas the physical pathway causing water vapor anomaly is different over North America and Eurasia. Controlled by ENSO-induced changes in atmospheric circulation and moisture transport, anomalous precipitation explains most of the snow cover and soil moisture anomalies, which play a certain role in shaping the skin temperature anomalies in some regions through snow-albedo feedback and evaporation, respectively.
Picard Values of Meromorphic Functions and their Derivatives

The theorem of Picard in its simplest form asserts that every nonconstant functionf (z), meromorphic in the plane, assumes there all complex values w with the possible exception of two. A value w which is not assumed by f(z) will be called a Picard value. The problem of our paper concerns the possible relationships between Picard values of f(z) and its derivatives. Let us first consider integral functions. Here the complete result is the following, due to Milloux [2], though special cases go back to Saxer [4].
Detecting Favorite Topics in Computing Scientific Literature via Dynamic Topic Modeling

Topic modeling comprises a set of machine learning algorithms that allow topics to be extracted from a collection of documents. These algorithms have been widely used in many areas, such as identifying dominant topics in scientific research. However, works addressing such problems focus on identifying static topics, providing snapshots that cannot show how those topics evolve. Aiming to close this gap, in this article, we describe an approach for dynamic article set analysis and classification. This is accomplished by querying open data of notable scientific databases via representational state transfers. After that, we enforce data management practices with a dynamic topic modeling approach on the associated metadata available. As a result, we identify research trends for a given field at specific instants and the referred terminology trends evolution throughout the years. It was possible to detect the associated lexical variation over time in published content, ultimately determining the so-called “hot topics” in arbitrary instants and how they correlate.
Component procurement strategies in decentralized assembly systems under supply uncertainty

Abstract In this article we analyze the interactions among the assembler and two component suppliers in their procurement decisions under a Vendor-Managed Inventory (VMI) contract. Under the VMI contract, the assembler first offers a unit price for each component and will pay component suppliers only for the amounts used to meet the actual demand. The two independent component suppliers then decide on the production quantities of their individual components before the actual demand is realized. We assume that one of the component suppliers has uncertainty in the supply process, in which the actual number of components available for assembly is equal to a random fraction of the production quantity. Under the assembly structure, both component suppliers need to take into account the underlying supply uncertainty in deciding their individual production quantities, as both components are required for the assembly of the final product. We first analyze the special case under deterministic demand and then extend our analysis to the general case under stochastic demand. We derive the optimal component prices offered by the assembler and the corresponding equilibrium production quantities of the component suppliers.
Anisotropic Interlayer Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya Interaction in Synthetic Ferromagnetic/Antiferromagnetic Sandwiches

The interfacial Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya interaction (DMI) in ferromagnetic/non‐magnetic‐metal bilayers is essential to stabilize chiral spin textures for potential applications. Recent works reveal that the interlayer DMI is beneficial to designing 3D chiral spin textures that possess fundamental importance and the associated technological promises. Here, the interlayer DM constants are determined quantitatively in synthetic ferromagnetic/antiferromagnetic Pt/Co/Pt/Ru/Pt/Co/Ta structures. The results demonstrate that the interlayer DMI shows uniaxial anisotropic characteristics. The first‐principles calculations elucidate that the anisotropic interlayer DMI is induced by the in‐plane symmetry breaking along two high symmetric directions, which favors the magnetization of adjacent ferromagnetic layers canting in different directions. The anisotropic interlayer DMI is also confirmed by spin‐orbit torque driven asymmetric magnetization switching. Moreover, the interlayer DMI can be tuned by the Ru‐layer‐thickness and beneficial to designing 3D spin textures for future spintronic devices.
The history of a cluster of large icebergs on leaving the Weddell Sea pack ice and their impact on the ocean

Abstract The life history and oceanic impact of three very large icebergs that escaped together from the Weddell Sea sea ice, near the tip of the Antarctic Peninsula, are traced from March 2014. Despite the initial proximity of these three icebergs, they followed very different trajectories across the South Atlantic until their eventual break-up and melting 1 year later. The largest, giant iceberg, B17a, spent extensive periods grounded near two different islands. The triplet's gradual melting is examined through the impact on the icebergs' dimensions, but also the meltwater's oceanic influence on the local salinity and primary productivity. It is found that there was generally a significant local surface and mixed-layer freshening of a few tenths of a practical salinity unit, up to several hundred kilometres away from the 10–20 km-sized icebergs. In contrast, the chlorophyll impact was highly temporally variable, although it tended to be larger in the summer. Break-up of these large icebergs did not occur until near the end of their life. We also show that modelling the trajectories of individual very large icebergs can be reasonable for up to 2 weeks if the characteristics of the iceberg and the local ocean and atmospheric forcing are well known.
Impacts of Climate Variation on Rural Populations: Evidence from Vietnam

ABSTRACT Climate change and increasing climatic variability have exacerbated the climate-related effects on various aspects of human socioeconomic activity. The effects of droughts on crop production, household expenditure, rural poverty and internal migration in Vietnam were investigated using a unique panel dataset while controlling for potential issues that could lead to biased estimations. We find comprehensive evidence that droughts not only caused a significant decline in rice productivity and rural household consumption, but also pushed them into poverty. Furthermore, droughts are strongly linked to rural people's decisions to migrate to other areas, pushing migration decisions through the productivity, consumption and poverty channels. Understanding the complex relationship between climate change, particularly drought, and its consequences is critical for developing policy interventions to help rural populations cope with climate change risks and uncertainties. These findings emphasize the importance of increasing rural populations’ resilience to climate-related extreme events to mitigate their interconnected effects.
Simultaneous Biocementation and Compaction of a Soil to Avoid the Breakage of Cementitious Structures during the Execution of Earthwork Constructions

This research focuses on the potential for microbial treatment to stabilize compacted soils, which are often utilized in earthwork projects. A silt–clay sand was used to describe a particular kind of soil. The suggested remedy makes use of the soil’s naturally occurring urea and Ca2+, as well as microorganisms introduced to the compaction water. Two alternative initial water-content types were examined: those on the dry side and those close to the ideal Proctor conditions. Bacillaceae microorganisms were used to induce microbial CaCO3 precipitation and improve the hydraulic and mechanical properties of the compacted soil. The samples were biotreated and immediately compacted, so that the precipitation of calcium carbonate during the curing process took place in the contact areas between the particles (biocementation) and in the pore space (bioclogging). A set of techniques were used to study the ageing effects, such as the water-retention curve by dew-points psychrometer, mercury porosimetry intrusion, permeability, ultrasonic pulse velocity, resonant column, and unconfined and tensile-compression tests. During the ageing, it was observed that the bacterial activity consumed water for the hydrolysis of urea and other intermediate reactions to precipitate CaCO3. This process resulted in a retraction of the microstructure and a change in the macrostructure. The bioclogging phenomenon was more evident in the soil microstructure, while the biocementation process was easier to observe in the macrostructure. The suction’s effects on the soil stiffness were studied in detail, and a significant increase was detected. Despite these water-content losses, which caused soil stiffening by increasing the suction, it was still feasible to identify the gradual rise in small-strain stiffness throughout incubation. The unconfined and tensile-compression tests showed a similar progressive increase in terms of peak compressive and peak splitting strength during the incubation. These results are of interest when microbiological treatments are applied in soils to produce cementitious materials, with the present investigation demonstrating a complete study of their geotechnical behaviour.