Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Length Attainment and Stunting Prevalence of Children aged 0–24 Months Living in the Area of Clay Brick Kilns in Pagar Merbau Sub District, Indonesia

BACKGROUND: The association of air pollution with children’s health and growth has been proved. AIM: This study aimed to assess the length attainment and stunting prevalence of children living in the areas of clay brick kiln and non-clay brick kilns. METHODS: The study was a cross-sectional study conducted from February to December 2020. The location of the study was in Pagar Merbau Subdistrict, Deli Serdang District, North Sumatera Indonesia. Four villages were selected purposively to be the location of study. The total participants were 192 families who have children aged 0–24 years old. To assess the length attainment, the median WHO standard was determined as reference. The growth curve of children was presented in a bubble growth chart. To determine whether the groups were comparable, pair t-tests were applied. RESULTS: Compared to the median WHO standard, the length attainment of boys aged 18–24 months shorter 1.1–1.9 cm and 0.8–1.9 cm (CBK vs. non-CBK, respectively), whereas for girls shorter 1.5–2.0 cm and 0.8–1.2 cm (CBK vs. non-CBK, respectively). The difference length between non-CBK and CBK children at age 18–24 months is 0.8–1.9 cm. Growth curves of children since born until aged 24 months were around −1SD–0SD. The prevalence of stunting is 18.6% versus 19.8%. CONCLUSION: The presence of clay brick kilns in villages treated children’s growth. Government should manage the establishment of clay brick kilns in villages. Children cognitive and height of children at school age need to investigate.
Analysis of Practicum Implementation During the Pandemic Period at the Department of Biology, Padang State University

Biology learning aims to provide a variety of direct learning experiences through the practicum. During the current Covid-19 pandemic, practicums are carried out online or online. Based on the results of interviews with lecturers, there are several problems related to biology practicum activities at Padang State University, namely lecturers do not make their practicum videos and for lecturers who make their practicum videos, it is difficult to prepare good or clear practicum videos. Lecturers also cannot see and directly assess the psychomotor aspects of students. Based on the results of interviews with students, students have difficulty finding practical tools and materials, unstable networks, lack of mastery of practicum materials, difficulties in interacting with lecturers or lecturer assistants and cannot directly practice practical theory. Therefore, it was concluded that there were problems related to biology practicum activities at Padang State University during the Covid-19 pandemic. This study aims to determine the planning, implementation, and evaluation of practicum activities during the pandemic carried out by lecturers, lecturer assistants, educational laboratory institutions, and students of the Biology Department, Padang State University. This type of research is descriptive research. The population in this study were 264 semester 5 (five) students of the Department of Biology, Padang State University. Informants in this study were selected using a purposive sampling technique that is 10% of the total population. The data in this study are questionnaires, observations, interviews, and documentation of practical activities carried out by lecturers, lecturer assistants, educational laboratory institutions, and students. Data analysis techniques used are quantitative data analysis techniques and qualitative data analysis techniques. The results showed that the practicum planning carried out by lecturers, lecturer assistants, and students was in very good criteria with an average score of 89.31% each; 93.7%; and 82.18%. However, the practicum planning carried out by educational laboratory institutions is in the moderate criteria with an average value of 64.6%. The implementation of the practicum carried out by lecturers, lecturer assistants, and students is in very good criteria with an average value of 87.58% each; 97.75%; and 83.97%. However, the implementation of practicum carried out by educational laboratory institutions is in good criteria with an average value of 78.23%. The practicum evaluations carried out by lecturers, lecturer assistants, and students are in very good criteria with an average value of 89.06% each; 97.56%; and 86.32%. However, the practicum evaluation carried out by educational laboratory institutions was in the moderate criteria with an average value of 68.75%.
Acne detection and severity evaluation with interpretable convolutional neural network models

BACKGROUND: Acne vulgaris is one of the most prevalent skin conditions, which harms not only the patients’ physiological conditions, but also their mental health. Early diagnosis and accurate continuous self-monitoring could help control and alleviate their discomfort. OBJECTIVE: We focus on the development and comparison of deep learning models for locating acne lesions on facial images, thus making estimations on the acne severity on faces via medical criterion. METHODS: Different from most existing literature on facial acne analysis, the considered models in this study are object detection models with convolutional neural network (CNN) as backbone and has better interpretability. Thus, they produce more credible results of acne detection and facial acne severity evaluation. RESULTS: Experiments with real data validate the effectiveness of these models. The highest mean average precision (mAP) is 0.536 on an open source dataset. Corresponding error of acne lesion counting can be as low as 0.43 ± 6.65 on this dataset. CONCLUSIONS: The presented models have been released to public via deployed as a freely accessible WeChat applet service, which provides continuous out-of-hospital self-monitoring to patients. This also aids the dermatologists to track the progress of this disease and to assess the effectiveness of treatment.
Evaluating Course Design for Significant Learning Among a Blended Cohort of Occupational Therapy Students

Occupational therapy (OT) school is where learning begins as students prepare to become future professionals. Thus, effective course design is imperative in professional formation. This study examined the effectiveness of a course designed around andragogical and active learning principles in combination with Fink’s (2013) taxonomy of learning for a blended cohort of face-to-face and hybrid OT students. The study used a mixed methods explanatory sequential design with pre/post surveys, end-of-course evaluations, and focus groups to explore student perceptions and preferences toward learning to create significant learning experiences. One hundred six students completed pre and post testing of the redesigned course, 67 completed end-of-course evaluations from 2018 (pre-redesign), and 90 from 2019 (post-redesign). Nineteen students participated in the focus groups, nine from the campus pathway and 10 from the hybrid pathway. Results suggest the course was effective at helping students achieve a deeper level of understanding and develop self-directed learning habits significantly more so than a traditional lecture format. Students, regardless of the method of course delivery, benefited from active learning strategies and showed a strong preference for assignments and learning activities linked to reallife experiences. Instructors should invite adult OT students to participate as capable and equal partners in the learning process and consider how to best orient students to course content to help them understand the relevance to personal motivations and goals. Results of this study can help instructors create significant learning opportunities that have a distinct value in developing OT practitioners who are lifelong learners for a blended cohort of students.
Understanding motives for and barriers to implementing asset management system: an empirical study for engineered physical assets

Abstract This study contributes to the literature by exploring, from a multidisciplinary viewpoint, the emerging discipline of asset management, and by providing a better understanding of the motives for and barriers to asset-intensive organisations’ adoption of asset management systems (AMS). To this end, the authors conceptualise and explore the core themes of AMS, and link this novel body of knowledge to organisational motives for and barriers to the formal introduction of AMS. The study collects and analyses empirical data from 93 middle/senior managers in Slovenian organisations dealing with engineered assets. The results, obtained by applying partial least squares path modelling, show that internal motives, such as better control of operational processes and continuous improvement, are the main drivers of the introduction of AMS. The potential increase in documentation and bureaucracy, and lack of resources, were identified as the main barriers to AMS implementation. By assessing the factors that facilitate and inhibit formal AMS implementation, the study provides important insights into developing strategies to promote the novel and important discipline of asset management.
Physiological and molecular genetic studies for cotton leaf worm (Spodoptera littoralis) tolerance on six Egyptian soybean cultivars

Cotton leaf worm (Spodoptera littoralis) is considered one of the most destructive agricultural pests. Six soybean cultivars (Giza-21, Giza-22, Giza-35, Giza-82, Giza-83 and Giza-111) were grown under natural infection with cotton leaf worm. The effect of two elicitors, methyl jasmonate and sodium nitroprusside on enhancing the ability of susceptible cultivars to tolerate (Spodoptera littoralis) was studied. Giza-35 and Giza-111 showed tolerance performance under natural infection compared to Giza 22 and Giza 82 as sensitive ones, while Giza 83 and 21 showed moderate tolerance. Both treatments positively affected seed yield and its components and fatty acid composition. Extracted fatty acids showed great changes in treated plants comparing with the untreated controls. Plants treated with the two elicitors showed an increase in Linoleic acid and Linolenic acid fatty acids and decrease in Palmitic acid and Palmitolic acid content. Treatment with methyl jasmonate was found to be more effective than sodium nitroprusside and enhanced resistance of the susceptible cultivars. Eight IRAP and iPBS retrotransposon-based markers were used to detect genetic differences among studied soybean cultivars and to develop molecular genetic markers for cotton leaf worm infestation. The technique successfully identified soybean genotypes in addition to nineteen molecular markers related to soybean tolerance.
Diabetes Status After Lateral Pancreaticojejunostomy and Frey’s Procedure in Chronic Calcific Pancreatitis: An Observational Study

Introduction Diabetes secondary to pancreatic diseases is commonly referred to as pancreatogenic diabetes or type 3c diabetes mellitus. This study was conducted to determine the status of diabetes mellitus after Frey’s procedure and lateral pancreaticojejunostomy (LPJ) in diabetic and nondiabetic patients with chronic calcific pancreatitis (CCP) and to discuss the clinicopathological course as well as diabetes in CCP. Materials and methods This study was designed as a retrospective observational study consisting of 27 patients with CCP who were surgically treated either with the pancreatic head coring Frey’s procedure or with LPJ. Surgeries were performed in a tertiary care hospital of Eastern India by a team of surgeons following the same surgical principle. The diagnosis of CCP was made by clinical and radiological evaluations. Visual Analog Scale (VAS) scoring was used perioperatively to assess pain. Postoperatively, all the patients were monitored clinically; pain scoring and relevant investigations were done depending upon subjective and objective indications. Special attention was paid to diabetic patients through frequent follow-ups and tight glycemic control. All 27 patients were followed up with at least two outpatient follow-ups. Results The trends in fasting blood sugar values in the LPJ group showed a small spike in the early postoperative period (two weeks) with a p-value of >0.05, and later on, it improved over 18 months of follow-up, reaching below the preoperative values (mean 109.38). On the contrary, the fasting blood glucose levels in Frey’s procedure revealed a significant spike in the early postoperative period (two weeks) with a mean sugar value of 148 mg/dl and a p-value of 0.01. The levels stayed well above the preoperative values over 18 months of follow-up. The trends in HbA1c showed marginal improvement in the LPJ group in a six-month follow-up period (p-value 0.008) from the preoperative levels. In Frey’s procedure group, postoperative HbA1c levels at three months revealed an increase, which can be attributed to the minor but significant loss of pancreatic tissue from the head, which continued to be on the higher side at the six-month follow-up. Trends in mean insulin dosage showed a significant spike in the early postoperative period (two weeks) both in the LPJ (p-value 0.01) and Frey’s procedure group (0.01); however, in the LPJ group, the insulin dose showed a reduction over the 18-month follow-up, reaching below the mean preoperative insulin dose. While in the Frey’s procedure group, the postoperative insulin dose remained higher throughout the 18-month follow-up period (p-value <0.05). Conclusions LPJ has got a little effect on the diabetic status of nondiabetic patients. Frey’s procedure leads to marginal deterioration of the diabetic status and increases in insulin dosage in both diabetic and nondiabetic patients.
Trust, Perceived Support and Organizational Citizenship Behavior Among Undergraduate Students in Universiti Sains Malaysia

Most research on organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) has been conducted in industrial or organizational environments. This paper explores the concept of OCB among undergraduate students in Universiti Sains Malaysia. This paper investigates the link between trust, perceived support, and OCB. The findings indicate that students with high-quality social exchange relationships with their lecturers, classmates, and university are more likely to develop OCB. This indicates that trust and perceived support lead to OCB among undergraduate students. This study provides important insight to university management and academic staff about how trust and perceived support can boost their students’ OCB. The survey was carried out through Google Form. These data were analyzed using SPSS.
Cyberbullying and its protective and risk factors among Polish adolescents

BACKGROUND Cyberbullying has recently attracted attention because of its increasing occurrence and serious consequences for victims. The purpose of the study was to examine the prevalence rates of cyberbullying and the association between cyberbullying and protective/risk factors (cognitive empathy, assertiveness, cooperation, pro-social behaviour, and social support) among Polish adolescents. PARTICIPANTS AND PROCEDURE Participants (822 students, 448 girls and 374 boys, M = 12.97, SD = 1.02) completed a computer-based online questionnaire. RESULTS The majority of respondents did not experience cyberbul-lying in the last six months, while a significant group still experienced cyberbullying regularly (28.1%). Engaging in cyberbullying appeared to be even less common: it was reported by 12.3% of respondents. Family and peer social support appeared to be the strongest protective factor against experiencing cyberbullying while assertiveness was a characteristic that makes a person more likely to engage in cyberbullying. CONCLUSIONS The results of our study can serve as guidance for preventive interventions against cyberbullying.
Comparison of the Treatment Efficacy of Endo−Perio Lesions Using a Standard Treatment Protocol and Extended by Using a Diode Laser (940 nm)

Marginal and periapical periodontal diseases cause massive destruction of tooth tissues and surrounding tissues, such as alveolar bone and maxillary sinus floor, visible on radiographs. Lesions involving the apical and marginal periodontium are endo−perio (EPL) lesions. This study aimed to compare the treatment efficacy of endo−perio lesions using a standard treatment protocol and a standard diode laser-assisted treatment protocol. The 12 patients were divided into the study (a) and control (b) group. Periodontal indices, tooth vitality and mobility, occlusal status, and radiographic diagnosis were evaluated. Standard EPL treatment was then performed—without (a) and with (b) the use of diode laser (940 nm). Again, after six months, the above-mentioned parameters were evaluated and compared. The treatment of endo−perio lesions is a significant challenge for modern dentistry. Diode lasers are increasingly used in addition to traditional treatment methods. The conventional use of a 940 nm diode laser with an average power of 0.8 W in pulsed mode allows for the depth of periodontal pockets to be reduced. In addition, the use of a diode laser has a significant effect on tooth mobility and reduces bone loss.
Regulation of Melanocortin-3 and -4 Receptors by Isoforms of Melanocortin-2 Receptor Accessory Protein 1 and 2

The neural melanocortin receptors (MCRs), melanocortin-3 and -4 receptors (MC3R and MC4R), play essential non-redundant roles in the regulation of energy homeostasis. Interaction of neural MCRs and melanocortin-2 receptor accessory proteins (MRAPs, MRAP1 and MRAP2) is suggested to play pivotal roles in MC3R and MC4R signaling. In the present study, we identified two new human (h) MRAP2 splice variants, MRAP2b (465 bp open reading frame) and MRAP2c (381 bp open reading frame). Human MRAP2s are different in C-termini. We investigated the effects of five isoforms of MRAPs, hMRAP1a, hMRAP1b, hMRAP2a, hMRAP2b, and hMRAP2c, on MC3R and MC4R pharmacology. At the hMC3R, hMRAP1a and hMRAP2c increased and hMRAP1b decreased the cell surface expression. hMRAP1a increased affinity to ACTH. Four MRAPs (hMRAP1a, hMRAP1b, hMRAP2a, and hMRAP2c) decreased the maximal responses in response to α-MSH and ACTH. For hMC4R, hMRAP1a, hMRAP2a, and hMRAP2c increased the cell surface expression of hMC4R. Human MRAP1b significantly increased affinity to ACTH while MRAP2a decreased affinity to ACTH. Human MRAP1a increased ACTH potency. MRAPs also affected hMC4R basal activities, with hMRAP1s increasing and hMRAP2s decreasing the basal activities. In summary, the newly identified splicing variants, hMRAP2b and hMRAP2c, could regulate MC3R and MC4R pharmacology. The two MRAP1s and three MRAP2s had differential effects on MC3R and MC4R trafficking, binding, and signaling. These findings led to a better understanding of the regulation of neural MCRs by MRAP1s and MRAP2s.
Patterns of variation in canal and root number in human post‐canine teeth

Descriptive morphology of tooth roots traditionally focuses on number of canals and roots. However, how or if canal and root number are related is poorly understood. While it is often assumed that canal number is concomitant with root number and morphology, in practice canal number and morphology do not always covary with external root features. To investigate the relationship between canal and root number, fully developed, adult post-canine teeth were examined and quantified from medical computerized tomography scans from a global sample of 945 modern humans. We tested the hypotheses that root and canal number do not follow a 1:1 ratio, that canal to root ratios differ between teeth, and that canal to root ratios differ across populations. Results indicate that not only is root number dependent on canal number, but that this relationship become more variable as canal number increases, varies both between individual teeth and by population, and changes as populations increase in distance from Sub-Saharan Africa. These results show that the ratio of canal number to root number is an important indicator of variation in dental phenotypes.
Understanding the heterogeneity among agricultural cooperatives

This paper discusses the importance of acknowledging and understanding the heterogeneity among cooperatives. Many studies on agricultural cooperatives, particularly on the impact of membership, do not account for the large differences in organisational and functional characteristics across cooperatives. We identify and discuss five core differences that have implications for theoretical and empirical research. We propose a classification that can be used by scholars in their research on understanding the evolution, performance and impact of producer cooperatives, and that can be used by policy makers in better targeting their support policies.
Immature Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells in Healthy Murine Arteries and Atherosclerotic Plaques: Localization and Activity

The local development of atherosclerotic lesions may, at least partly, be associated with the specific cellular composition of atherosclerosis-prone regions. Previously, it was demonstrated that a small population of immature vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) expressing both CD146 and neuron-glial antigen 2 is postnatally sustained in atherosclerosis-prone sites. We supposed that these cells may be involved in atherogenesis and can continuously respond to angiotensin II, which is an atherogenic factor. Using immunohistochemistry, flow cytometry, wound migration assay xCELLigence system, and calcium imaging, we studied the functional activities of immature VSMCs in vitro and in vivo. According to our data, these cells do not express nestin, CD105, and the leptin receptor. They are localized in atherosclerosis-prone regions, and their number increases with age, from 5.7% to 23%. Immature VSMCs do not migrate to low shear stress areas and atherosclerotic lesions. They also do not have any unique response to angiotensin II. Thus, despite the localization of immature VSMCs and the presence of the link between their number and age, our study did not support the hypothesis that immature VSMCs are directly involved in the formation of atherosclerotic lesions. Additional lineage tracing studies can clarify the fate of these cells during atherogenesis.
A New Physically Based Index to Quantify the Impact of Multiple Reservoirs on Flood Frequency at the Catchment Scale Based on the Concept of Equivalent Reservoir

The presence of multiple reservoirs in a catchment generally induces the attenuation of flood events, thus mitigating their impact in downstream flood‐prone areas. Such mitigation results from the superposition of several contributions, coming from the regulated (i.e., altered by reservoir) or unregulated subcatchments as determined by the reservoirs spatial distribution within the catchment. Understanding how multiple reservoirs affect the probability distribution of flood peak at the catchment scale is a difficult task, requiring a detailed and generally costly hydrologic/hydraulic simulation. We provide here a simple yet physically based mathematical framework to account for the effect of multiple reservoirs, located in series along the main channel, on peak flood quantile at the catchment scale. The framework allows to disentangle the role of the main relevant parameters controlling the system behavior, such as the number of reservoirs, their relative location and relative storage coefficient within the catchment, and a climatic parameter governing rainfall variability in time. The combined effect of the reservoirs in reducing the peak flow is represented by a global index R $\mathcal{R}$ , which is bounded between zero and unit and it is independent of the return period. The index is based on the concept of equivalent reservoir and is easily calculated by the analytical formulas provided in this study, as function of the above parameters.