Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Assessment and Prediction of Water Resources Vulnerability Based on a NRS-RF Model: A Case Study of the Song-Liao River Basin, China

The vulnerability of water resources is an important criterion for evaluating the carrying capacity of water resources systems under the influence of climate change and human activities. Moreover, assessment and prediction of river basins’ water resources vulnerability are important means to assess the water resources security state of river basins and identify possible problems in future water resources systems. Based on the constructed indicator system of water resources vulnerability assessment in Song-Liao River Basin, this paper uses the neighborhood rough set (abbreviated as NRS) method to reduce the dimensionality of the original indicator system to remove redundant attributes. Then, assessment indicators’ standard values after dimensionality reduction are taken as the evaluation sample, and the random forest regression (abbreviated as RF) model is used to assess the water resources vulnerability of the river basin. Finally, based on data under three different future climate and socio-economic scenarios, scenario predictions are made on the vulnerability of future water resources. The results show that the overall water resources vulnerability of the Song-Liao River Basin has not improved significantly in the past 18 years, and the overall vulnerability of the Song-Liao River Basin is in the level V of moderate to high vulnerability. In the future scenario 1, the overall water resources vulnerability of the river basin will improve, and it is expected to achieve an improvement to the level III of moderate to low vulnerability. At the same time, the natural vulnerability and vulnerability of carrying capacity will increase significantly in the future, and the man-made vulnerability will increase slowly, which will deteriorate to the level V of moderate to high vulnerability under Scenario 3. Therefore, taking active measures can significantly reduce the vulnerability of nature and carrying capacity, but man-made vulnerability will become a bottleneck restricting the fragility of the overall water resources of the river basin in the future.
PREVENTING CHRONIC DISEASE

Introduction A neighborhood’s built environment is associated with physical activity among its residents, and physical activity is associated with depression. Our study aimed to determine whether the built environment was associated with depression among residents of the rural South and whether observed associations were mediated by physical activity. Methods We selected 2,000 participants from the Bogalusa Heart Study who had a valid residential address, self-reported physical activity (minutes/week), and a complete Center for Epidemiologic Study–Depression (CES-D) scale assessment from 1 or more study visits between 1998 and 2013. We assessed the built environment with the Rural Active Living Assessment street segment audit tool and developed built environment scores. The association between built environment scores and depression (CES-D ≥16) in geographic buffers of various radii were evaluated by using modified Poisson regression, and mediation by physical activity was evaluated with mixed-effects models. Results Depression was observed in 37% of study participants at the first study visit. One-point higher physical security and aesthetic scores for the street segment of residence were associated with 1.07 times higher (95% CI, 1.02–1.11) and 0.96 times lower (95% CI, 0.92–1.00) baseline depression prevalence. One-point higher destination scores (ie, more commercial and civic facilities) in radius buffers of 0.25 miles or more were associated with 1.06 times (95% CI, 1.00–1.13) the risk of depression during follow-up. Neighborhood poverty (defined as percentage of residents with incomes below the federal poverty level and dichotomized at 28.3%) modified cross-sectional and longitudinal associations. Associations were not mediated by physical activity. Conclusion The built environment was associated with prevalence and risk of depression, and associations were stronger in high-poverty neighborhoods. Built environment improvements to promote physical activity should take neighborhood context into consideration to minimize negative side effects on mental health in high-poverty communities. The opinions expressed by authors contributing to this journal do not necessarily reflect the opinions of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, the Public Health Service, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, or the authors’ affiliated institutions. This publication is in the public domain and is therefore without copyright. All text from this work may be reprinted freely. Use of these materials should be properly cited. www.cdc. gov/pcd/issues/2021/20_0605. htm • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 1
Examination of the Penetration of Enteric Viruses in Soils under Simulated Conditions in the Laboratory

In two different unsaturated soil columns percolated with artificial rainwater under simulated aerated conditions, transport of coxsackievirus B3 and adenovirus 1 below 3.5 cm under the soil surface could not be demonstrated. The viruses were applied to the columns as seeded sewage sludge. Under saturated conditions transport of water-suspended coxsackievirus B3 was faster in a soil column with sandy loam soil than in a diluvial sand column.
Simulation and Optimization of an Auto-Thermal Ammonia Synthesis Reactor

This paper deals with the simulation and optimization of an auto-thermal ammonia synthesis reactor. In the present study, three methods, viz., Eulers method, Runge-Kutta method (4th order with fixed step size) and NAG subroutine (D02EJF) in MATLAB, are used for simulation. A software package POYMATH is also used to solve three coupled model equations. The effect of top temperature on the optimal reactor length is discussed and results are compared with that reported in literature. Also, the Differential Evolution (DE) in combination with Runge-Kutta method is used for optimization, considering both reactor length and top temperature simultaneously as independent variables. The new results obtained for optimal reactor length and top temperature are presented.
Silicon carbide foam as a porous support platform for catalytic applications

This review provides an overview of the use of foam-structured SiC as a porous support platform in some typical catalytic processes both for gas-phase and liquid-phase reactions, such as H2S selective oxidation, Friedel–Crafts benzoylation and Fischer–Tropsch synthesis, where traditional catalysts have shown their weaknesses. The macroscopic thermally conductive SiC material could be efficiently employed as a support for controlling the active phase, i.e. metal and zeolite, and anchoring the powder-foam nanocarbons in the field of catalysis. In light of the results, one can state that silicon carbide foam could be regarded as an ideal alternative support, which provides a great enhancement of both the catalytic performance and the catalytic stability compared to that of the traditional catalysts, in several gas- and liquid-phase catalytic processes.
Saving Behavior in Emerging Country: The Role of Financial Knowledge, Peer Influence and Parent Socialization

The household debt in Malaysia was recorded at 83 per cent of gross domestic product in 2018. This contributed to insufficient amount of saving by household who are mostly not prepared for retirement. Meanwhile, youths in emerging countries however are reported as the main group trapped into the financial problem. The tendency of saving among individual is different from one another due to differences in financial knowledge, peers influence, parent’s socialization and self-control based on Theory of Planned Behavior. A survey was conducted on 133 students in emerging country, Malaysia, to examine the factors which affected their savings behavior. Structured questionnaires were distributed using convenient sampling technique. Results revealed that financial knowledge, peer influence and parent socialization have a significant effect on students’ saving behavior. Findings serve to inform policy makers who are formulating strategies to enhance students’ financial knowledge and to maximize the role of parents and peers in order to encourage higher saving behavior in emerging countries.
Pure Versus Hybrid Competitive Strategy: Evidence from Tunisian Manufacturing Industries

This article proposes to decide on the impact of external and internal factors (competitive forces and strategic capabilities) on strategic competitive choices (pure or hybrid). Using a sample of Tunisian companies operating in the manufacturing industry, the results show that face to the competition’ intensity, companies opt for competitive hybrid strategies at the expense of pure ones only when they have strong combined strategic capabilities. However, when they have a stock of capabilities less rich and less diversified, they have interest to pursue a pure competitive strategy. Moreover, the study shows that the pure competitive strategy differs according to the nature of the strategic capabilities held.
Creating Incremental Revenue from Industrial Cherry Wastes

An increase in the production rate of cherry and cherry products has led to considerable amounts of waste that accumulates rapidly especially during the harvest season. The waste including pits is used as fuel, fertilizer, and partly discarded in the environment. Although the cherry fruit is shown to be a rich source of polyphenols, there is limited information about the polyphenol content of the waste, especially the pits. This study aims to integrate a sequence of novel processing technologies (extraction and encapsulation) for the valorization of cherry pits, i.e. turn them into valuable antioxidant products that can be used in healthcare, cosmetics, and packaging applications. The operative parameters of the extraction process to obtain the maximum polyphenols and encapsulation to protect the extracts were optimized. The results of this study confirmed the feasibility of the extraction and encapsulation to recover a notable concentration of polyphenols with enhanced antioxidant properties. These antioxidants can be used as antibacterial compounds to develop active packaging.
Assessment of solar ultraviolet radiation in Tabriz city, Iran

Background: The solar radiation consists of a vast spectrum of wavelengths such as visible light and ultraviolet radiation (UVR). The amount of UVR that reaches the Earth's surface is very important due to its role in vitamin D synthesis and causing skin cancers. The hourly and daily mean values of solar UV type A, B, and visible light radiation were measured for the first time during the year. Materials and Methods: The hourly and daily mean values of UVR and visible light intensity of solar radiation at Tabriz were measured and analyzed between the 2017 and 2018 years. The intensity of solar UVA and UVB radiation was measured by Hand-held Lux-UV meter device from sunrise to sunset for one hour. Results: The results showed that the highest values of UVA and UVB radiation, reaching the Earth were between 12 and 13 o’clock. The maximum and minimum values of UVR were recorded during the months of May and January, respectively. The maximum amounts of UVA and UVB during the whole year were 52.48 and 2.82 W/m, respectively. Also, the lowest intensity of UVA and UVB radiation during the whole year was 22.19 and 0.79 W/m, respectively. Conclusion: Comparison of maximum and minimum UV amounts of type A and B in May was about 2.36 and 3.56 times more than in January. The measurements showed that the intensity of UVA was significantly higher than UVB amounts.
Computerized dynamic assessment of implicature comprehension in L2 Chinese

The focus of this article is on the design and administration of an online computerized dynamic assessment of an important area of pragmatics: implicature comprehension (i.e., indirect meaning). The assessment centered on indirect acceptances, refusals, and opinions. Drawing on Vygotskian psychology, this assessment had a dual aim: (a) to evaluate test-takers’ current capacities as evidenced by independent performance and (b) to evaluate test-takers’ emerging capacities as evidenced by their responsiveness to assistance, or mediation, during the test. Sixty-seven US university learners of Chinese as a foreign language, evenly distributed across beginning, intermediate, and advanced course enrollment levels, took the assessment. The results show that while all test-takers were able to improve with assistance, there was a large degree of individual variation in responsiveness to mediation. In line with the notion of the zone of proximal development, we interpret our findings as evidence that the performances observed with mediation are more informative as a diagnosis of learner capability than independent performance alone. Our discussion therefore focuses on the implications of our testing approach for developing individual teaching and learning plans for test-takers, as well as directions for future research.
Traditional Growing Rods Index Surgery How to Select the Lower Instrumented Vertebra in

Background: There are still no consensus criteria on how to select the lower instrumented vertebra (LIV) for traditional growing rods (TGRs) at index surgery. The aim was to evaluate whether the criteria used for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis fusion adapts to early onset scoliosis (EOS). Methods: Retrospective analysis of prospectively longitudinal collected data in a consecutive cohort of patients with EOS treated with TGR, expanding from index surgery to 2 years after graduation. The LIV was analyzed regarding its relation to the stable vertebra (SV), substantially touched vertebra (STV), and not STV (NSTV). Failure of LIV selection was considered when revision surgery with distal extension was needed during follow up, due to adding on ( D LIV tilt . 10 8 ). Results: A total of 25 patients met inclusion criteria. Mean age was 8.6 6 3 (at index surgery), 15.1 6 1.8 (at graduation), and 17.8 6 1.6 (at final follow up). The most frequent LIV at index surgery was L3 (13/25); in 13 cases, STV was selected as LIV; in 7, it was NSTV; and in 5, SV on the standard postero-anterior radiographs. During follow up, a significant increase in the mean LIV tilt ( P ¼ .049) and distal junctional angle ( P ¼ .017) was found. Nine of the 25 patients (36%) developed adding on: 20% (1/5) of those with LIV at SV, 38.5% (5/13) at STV, and 42.8% (3/7) at NSTV. Of those 9 cases of adding on, only four needed distal extension (mean LIV tilt ¼ 17.6 8 ): 2 STV patients (15.4%), and 2 NSTV patients (28.6%). None of the patients with the LIV chosen at SV needed distal extension due to adding on. Conclusions: The cranial the selection of the LIV above the SV, the higher the risk of adding on and of revision surgery with distal extension during follow up. Saving motion segments could be justified by choosing STV as LIV because the need for distal extension is not high, and it can be scheduled during lengthening procedures or at graduation surgery. Level of Evidence: 4. Clinical Relevance: Choosing the LIV in TGR index surgery is crucial to have a secure distal foundation, control and correct the deformity during growth, and save distal segments to allow growth and mobility.
The Impact of COVID-19 on Stock Price: An Application of Event Study Method in Vietnam

Vietnam's Oil and gas industry make a significant contribution to the Gross Domestic Product of Vietnam. The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has hit every industry hard, but perhaps the one industry which has taken the biggest hit is the global oil and gas industry. The purpose of this article is to examine how the COVID-19 pandemic affects the share price of the Vietnam Oil and Gas industry. The event study method applied to Oil and Gas industry index data around three event days includes: (i) The date Vietnam recognized the first patient to be COVID-19 positive was January 23, 2020;(ii) The second outbreak of COVID-19 infection in the community began on March 6, 2020;(iii) The date (30/3/2020) when Vietnam announced the COVID-19 epidemic in the whole territory. This study found that the share price of the Vietnam Oil and Gas industry responded positively after the event (iii) which is manifested by the cumulative abnormal return of CAR (0;3] = 3.8% and statistically significant at 5 %. In the study, event (ii) has the most negative and strong impact on Oil and Gas stock prices. Events (i) favor negative effects, events (iii) favor positive effects, but abnormal return change sign quickly from positive to negative after the event date and statistically significant shows the change on investors' psychology.
Biodegradable Films Based on Poly(lactic acid) Coatings and Natural Olive-Wastewater Extracts for Active Food Packaging

Paper Received: 12 October 2020; Revised: 21 January 2021; Accepted: 24 April 2021 Please cite this article as: Apicella A. , Adiletta G. , Albanese D. , Di Matteo M. , Incarnato L. , 2021, Biodegradable Films Based on Poly(lactic Acid) Coatings and Natural Olive-wastewater Extracts for Active Food Packaging, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 87, 85-90 DOI:10.3303/CET2187015 CHEMICAL ENGINEERING TRANSACTIONS
A novel method for the online measurement of impurities in uranium by coupling microfluidics with ICP-MS

For trace impurity measurements in uranium, the matrix is expected to be removed prior to analysis, usually achieved by offline separation methods involving relatively large amounts of radioactive samples. Herein, a novel online method is developed for impurity separation and measurements by interfacing microfluidics and ICP-MS. In this method, the uranium matrix is removed via micro-extraction in parallel two-layer laminar flow (PTL) microfluidics, and the remaining impurities in the aqueous phase are directly analyzed by ICP-MS. The separation efficiency and the analytical performance of this method are evaluated, and the method is validated using both the certified reference material (CRM) and the real sample. Such an online PTL-ICP-MS method features less radioactive waste and lowers the risk of exposure to radioactive materials.
The mystery of COVID-19 reinfections: A global systematic review and meta-analysis of 577 cases

Background As the COVID-19 pandemic rages on, reports on disparities in vaccine roll out alongside reinfection and reactivation from previously recovered cases have been emerging. With newer waves and variants of COVID-19, we conducted a systematic review to assess the determinants and disease spectrum of COVID-19 reinfection. Methods A comprehensive search covering relevant databases was conducted for observational studies reporting Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) confirmed infection and reinfection cases. Quality assessment tool developed by the National Institute of Health (NIH) for assessment of case series was used. Meta-analyses were performed using RevMan 5.3 for pooled proportions of findings in first infection and reinfection with 95% confidence interval (CI). Results Eighty-one studies reporting 577 cases were included from 22 countries. The mean age of patients was 46.2{+/-}18.9 years with males accounting for 45.8% of the study population while 179 (31.0%) cases of comorbidities were reported. The average time duration between first infection and reinfection was 63.6{+/-}48.9 days. During first infection and reinfection, fever was the most common symptom (41.4% and 36.4%,respectively) whilst anti-viral therapy was the most common treatment regimen administered (44.5% and 43.0%, respectively). Overall, comparable odds of symptomatic presentation and management were reported in the two infections. However, a higher Intensive Care Unit (ICU) admission rate was observed in reinfection compared to first infection (10 vs 3). Ten deaths were reported with 565 patients fully recovering. Respiratory failure was the most common cause of death (7/10 deaths). Seventy-two studies were determined to be of good quality whilst nine studies were of fair quality. Conclusion As the first global-scale systematic review of its kind, our findings support immunization practices given increased ICU admissions and mortality in reinfections. Our cohort serves as a guide for clinicians and authorities for devising an optimal strategy for controlling the pandemic.
The Application of Foliar Sprays Containing Nitrogen, Magnesium, Zinc and Boron to Apple Trees. II. Effects on the Mineral Composition and Quality of the Fruit

SummaryThe effects of foliar sprays containing N, Mg, Zn and B, applied alone or in combination, on the mineral composition and storage quality of apple fruits were measured. In general, Mg, Zn and B concentrations in cvs Cox and Discovery fruits were increased by sprays of MgSO4, ZnSO4 and ‘Solubor’ respectively. In both cultivars Solubor sprays enhanced red colour development but also increased skin cracking. ZnSO4 sprays tended to increase cracking in Discovery fruit. The incidence of flesh breakdown in stored Discovery and Cox apples was increased by Solubor sprays; conversely MgSO4 reduced breakdown.
Pedestrian Detection System using Image Processing for Driver Assistance

Human beings are the main important reason of road accidents. In high way roads the vehicles are going very fast. Because of such reasons while crossing the roads animals and also humans falls as a prey to the accidents. To avoid such kind of accidents new system is proposed using image processing concepts. In this the system is embedded with the vehicle. Camera is the main part of the proposed system. Whenever the animal or human being tries to cross the road while driving, the camera captures the image. In this proposed system, object detection concept is used. If the people or animals are detected by the camera this system provides an alarm to the user and automatically controls the speed of the vehicle. The type of the images and position of an image are also displayed on the LCD. The entire system is controlled by Arduino controller.
A review on arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal communities in response to disturbance

Disturbance, both natural and anthropogenic, is considered a major structuring force in communities and influences overall species. Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM), a symbiosis between plants and members of Glomeromycota fungi, enhances water and nutrient supply. These fungi play a significant role in the establishment and resilience of vegetation. Understanding arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungus response to disturbance is necessary to preserve and rehabilitate functional plant communities in a post-disturbance landscape. The methods used in this study is a literature review. Firstly, the researcher determines the scope definition of the disturbance type used in the study. The next step is to find a research study that describes the community response, such as the diversity and community changes of AM fungi. The researcher then analyzes the response in different types of disturbances and synthesizes AM fungal diversity and community structure responses. In some studies, soil disturbance reduces AM fungal diversity, spore density, and changes or unchanged in community composition. These findings indicated various responses to disturbance in diversity and community structure.