Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Phenology of hatching, emergence, and end-of-season body size in young-of-year coho salmon in thermally contrasting streams draining the Copper River Delta, Alaska

Phenology can be linked to individual fitness, particularly in strongly seasonal environments where the timing of events has important consequences for growth, condition, and survival. We studied the phenology of coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) hatching and emergence in streams with contrasting thermal variability but in close geographic proximity. Following emergence, we tracked body sizes of cohorts of young-of-year fish until the end of the growing season. Hatch and emergence occurred at the same time among streams with marked variability in thermal regimes. We demonstrate that this can be explained in part by the thermal units accumulated during embryo development. At the end of the first growing season, there were some differences in body size, but overall fish size was similar among streams despite strong differences in thermal regimes. Collectively, these results provide novel insights into the interactions between environmental variability and the early life-history stages of coho salmon, furthering our understanding of the consequences of phenology on growth and survival for individuals within the critical first summer of life.
Design and Analysis of a New Hybrid Wireless Power Transfer System With a Space-Saving Coupler Structure

This article is to present the design, analysis, and verification of a new hybrid wireless power transfer (HWPT) system, which has a space-saving coupler structure. The key of the design is to simplify the two coupling capacitor plates into one single frame-shaped plate at each side. Then, the coupling coil for inductive power transfer (IPT) is embedded into the metal frame to form a compact hybrid coupler. Meanwhile, the coupling polarity between the coils is specified to realize the superposition of the inductive and capacitive coupling. As a result, the proposed HWPT system can offer a good comprise of efficiency promotion and a space-saving coupler structure simultaneously. To illustrate the system working principles, the equivalent circuit model is first derived. Then, a detailed analysis is conducted in terms of the reflected impedance. Consequently, the mechanism of the efficiency promotion can be clearly explained. Finally, a prototype is constructed with several experiments, which validate the effectiveness of the proposed HWPT system. Results show that an efficiency increase of 14% over the pure IPT is obtained at 35-cm distance. Moreover, the effects of varying the resonant frequency are also carried out to instruct the practical system design.
Gender differences in perceived stress level among undergraduate students in Armenia

Stress is an important issue in academic institutions and can have a negative impact on overall academic performance. This study was conducted as a research assignment during the Basics of Healthy Lifestyle course and aimed to investigate the stress level among undergraduate students at the American University of Armenia (AUA). A cross-sectional survey was conducted among undergraduate students recruited by non-random convenience sampling. The study utilized a structured questionnaire to conduct face to face interviews. The questionnaire contained 40 close-ended questions on students' perceived stress level, the Student Stress Scale (SSS) (sum of scores of 31 questions) to measure actual stress, and socio-demographic characteristics. Data entry, descriptive and comparative statistics were performed using SPSS software. Secondary data analysis was conducted to explore gender differences in stress level. Overall, 111 AUA students participated and slightly over half of participants (59.5%) were female. The SSS revealed that 46.0% of students experience medium stress levels (self-perceived mean stress score =-5.8). Only 21.6% perceived themselves as having high stress levels; however, SSS showed that about one third had high stress. Female participants' perception of being highly stressed and having high stress level based on SSS were similar (28.8% and 27.3%, respectively). In contrast, less males perceived being highly stressed (13.3%), though, SSS showed that 40.0% of males experienced high stress levels. The majority of AUA undergraduate students experienced medium or low stress levels. Male students experience higher stress levels, but their perceived stress level was much lower than in among females. Research is needed to explore the gender differences in stress levels and coping mechanisms among students. These findings may be useful for university administration for developing stress-reduction and stress-management strategies. There are disparities in perceived stress and actual stress levels between male and female students that warrant further exploration. Gender differences in stress level of the students should be considered for stress-reduction and stress-management strategies.
Anastomotic Revision in Head and Neck Free Flaps

Predictors of free tissue transfer (FTT) failure and the need for postoperative revision (POR) have been extensively studied; however, there are little data evaluating outcomes when intraoperative revision (IOR) at initial surgery is required. This study seeks to better understand the impact IOR of the pedicle has on FTT outcomes.
Rainfall Trends and Extremes in Saudi Arabia in Recent Decades

The observed records of recent decades show increased economic damage associated with flash flooding in different regions of Saudi Arabia. An increase in extreme rainfall events may cause severe repercussions for the socio-economic sectors of the country. The present study investigated the observed rainfall trends and associated extremes over Saudi Arabia for the 42-year period of 1978–2019. It measured the contribution of extreme events to the total rainfall and calculated the changes to mean and extreme rainfall events over five different climate regions of Saudi Arabia. Rainfall indices were constructed by estimating the extreme characteristics associated with daily rainfall frequency and intensity. The analysis reveals that the annual rainfall is decreasing (5.89 mm decade−1, significant at the 90% level) over Saudi Arabia for the entire analysis period, while it increased in the most recent decade. On a monthly scale, the most significant increase (5.44 mm decade−1) is observed in November and the largest decrease (1.20 mm decade−1) in January. The frequency of intense rainfall events is increasing for the majority of stations over Saudi Arabia, while the frequency of weak events is decreasing. More extreme rainfall events are occurring in the northwest, east, and southwest regions of Saudi Arabia. A daily rainfall of ≥ 26 mm is identified as the threshold for an extreme event. It is found that the contribution of extreme events to the total rainfall amount varies from region to region and season to season. The most considerable contribution (up to 56%) is found in the southern region in June. Regionally, significant contribution comes from the coastal region, where extreme events contribute, on average, 47% of the total rainfall each month from October to February, with the largest (53%) in November. For the entire country, extreme rainfall contributes most (52%) in November and least (20%) in July, while contributions from different stations are in the 8–50% range of the total rainfall.
Produção in vitro de embrião (PIVE) na espécie bubalina

In recent years, the biotechnology of in vitro embryo production (IVP) in buffalo has undergone a great improvement, allowing its application at the commercial level. However, the rate of embryo production per donor is still very low, reflecting directly on the cost of pregnancy that is about 3-4 times higher than zebu cattle. This low embryo rate occurs due to several factors. Among the most important are the intrinsic factors related to the animals such as the low quantity and quality of the oocytes obtained by the donor, but also to extrinsic factors such as the lack of specific culture media for the oocyte/embryo, and deficiencies in the management conditions, that could be nutritional or sanitary. Therefore, for the expansion in commercial application, it is necessary to reduce the cost of pregnancy, as well as to provide animals of proven productivity (progeny test) for use in PIVE programs and that from the cost / benefit point of view compensate the use of a high cost technique such as PIVE.
Specifying Dividend Provisions in Response to Dividend Regulation: Evidence from China

ABSTRACT By exploring a unique setting wherein all Chinese listed firms were mandated to specify dividend provisions, we find such dividend regulation generates costs to firms. In particular, low agency cost firms tend to strengthen their dividend provisions. Firms strengthening dividend provisions raise more equity than other firms, at least in a subsample with high dependence on equity. These firms incur higher costs than other firms when issuing equity. All these findings highlight the regulatory cost imposed by dividend regulation. In addition, investors downward revise their valuation of earnings if a firm misses its dividend provision, maintaining the observed separating equilibrium.
Effect of fertilization on the NPK uptake of different maize (Zea mays L.) genotypes

In 2013 and 2014, the N, P and K contents of the aboveground phytomass and grain yield of maize hybrids (P 9494, SY Afinity) were examined, as well as the different amounts of N, P and K (kg ha−1) uptake at different nutrient levels (control, N90 + PK, N150 + PK), on calcareous chernozem soil in Eastern Hungary (47°33’ N, 21°27’ E). Our experimental findings proved that as a result of fertilization, the macronutrient (N, P, K) content of the maize hybrids significantly increased in both years in the vegetative and generative plant parts. In the control, the maize hybrids gave high yields (from 10.2 to 11.3 t ha−1 in 2013, and 11.3–14.6 t ha−1 in 2014), and the surpluses due to fertilization varied between 3.2 and 5.0 t ha−1 (2013) and 2.9 and 3.1 t ha−1 (2014). The experimental results proved that fertiliser dosage, genotype and crop year each influenced the NPK utilisation of the fertiliser applied. With increasing doses of fertiliser, NPK utilization deteriorated. In both years, the SY Afinity gave a be.
The zooplankton of the shallow lakes of the semi-arid region of southern South America

The southern region of South America is arid and semi-arid, with an east–west gradient of precipitation. Most of its aquatic ecosystems are temporary lakes, with large variations in level and salinity. Although some ecological aspects of these lakes have been studied, the information on the relations between zooplankton and water chemistry, predation, effects of human activities, and the trophic status is scarce and scattered. The objective of this study was to determine the zooplanktonic composition, density, and biomass and their relationships with environmental variables in lakes of different phytogeographic regions of this region (Argentinian central pampa), subjected to different anthropic influences. Samples were taken from ten lakes with a salinity gradient between 0.38 and 115.5 g∙L−1 . The chemical composition revealed a distinction between sodic-bicarbonated and sodic-chlorinated lakes. We recorded 19 crustaceans and 30 rotifers and found inverse relationships between the richness and density and salinity and concentrations of most ions. Bicarbonated lakes were subsaline and characterized by greater richness and density, caused by rotifers. The most frequent species were Brachionus caudatus and Keratella tropica , and the crustaceans Bosmina huaronensis and Microcyclops anceps . The sodic-chlorinated lakes had lower richness and densities, and with distinguishable hyposaline and mesosaline populations with a predominance of neotropical endemic crustaceans, such as Moina eugeniae and Boeckella poopoensis , and hypersaline lakes with a predominance of Artemia permisilis . The biomass did not differ, but lakes with introduced fish fauna (subsaline and hyposaline) had smaller zooplankton, indicating the importance of the top down-effect in the zooplankton community structure.
Chronic contamination with 137 Cesium affects Vitamin D 3 metabolism in rats

Twenty years after Chernobyl disaster, many people are still chronically exposed to low dose of 137 Cs, mainly through the food consumption. A large variety of diseases have been described in highly exposed people with 137 Cs, which include bone disorders. The aim of this work was to investigate the biological effects of a chronic exposure to 137 Cs on Vitamin D3 metabolism, a hormone essential in bone homeostasis. Rats were exposed to 137 Cs in their drinking water for 3 months at a dose of 6500 Bq/l (approximately 150 Bq/rat/day), a similar concentration ingested by the population living in contaminated territories in the former USSR countries. Cytochromes P450 enzymes involved in Vitamin D3 metabolism, related nuclear receptors and Vitamin D3 target genes were assessed by real time PCR in liver, kidney and brain. Vitamin D, PTH, calcium and phosphate levels were measured in plasma. An increase in the expression level of cyp2r1 (40%, p < 0.05) was observed in the liver of 137 Cs-exposed rats. However a significant decrease of Vitamin D (1,25(OH)D3) plasma level (53%, p = 0.02) was observed. In brain, cyp2r1 mRNA level was decreased by 20% (p < 0.05), while the expression level of cyp27b1 is increased (35%, p < 0.05) after 137 Cs contamination. In conclusion, this study showed for the first time that chronic exposure with post-accidental doses of 137 Cs affects Vitamin D3
Efek Ekstrak Etanol Daun Premna cordifolia terhadap Malondialdehida Tikus yang Dipapar Asap Rokok

Free radical from cigarrete smoke cause lipid peroxidation that could be identified by increasing levels of Malondialdehida (MDA). Premna cordifolia leaves known having antioxidant activity in in vitro study. This study aimed to know the effect of P. cordifolia leaves extract on the levels of MDA after exposure to cigarette smoke. The simplicia extracted by maseration using 70% ethanol. Twenty four male wistar rats were divided into six groups, i.e. : control normal, negative control, positive control received cigarette smoke exposure and vitamin E (18mg/kg BW) and three groups received cigarette smoke exposure and P. cordifolia leaves extract with doses 200; 400; 600 mg/kg BW. All rats were treated for 14 days. Measurement of MDA level using Spectrophotometer UV-Vis in 532,2 nm. MDA levels in the normal group was 0.0094±0.080 ppm; negative group was 13,733±2,829 ppm; positive group was 0,051±0,045 ppm; dose 200; 400; 600 mg/ kg BW were 9,142±2,364; 0,120±0,019; 0,053±0,041 ppm. The MDA level was analyzed by the Kruskal-Wallis test and following by Mann-Whitney test. The result showed that MDA level of group receiving P. cordifolia leaves extract significantly (p<0,05) lower than negative control group. These result show P. cordifolia leaves extract can reducing the MDA level on the rats that exposed by cigarette smoke.
Differential responses of prairie rodents to edge effects from recreational trails

Edge effects are a common phenomenon in which an ecological variable changes with respect to distance from a habitat edge. Recreational trails may constitute a habitat edge for prairie rodents because of high human presence, high predator presence, or limited shelter compared to the prairie core. Despite the prevalence of trails in conservation parcels, their effect on wildlife distribution remains largely unstudied. We examined the impacts of recreational trails on small mammal activity in the restored prairies of the Cowling Arboretum at Carleton College. The prairies were restored from 1995 to 2008 and now comprise a contiguous prairie block of approximately 155 ha. Over 2 consecutive summers, we used infrared motion-sensing cameras to record the relative amount of time rodents spend at baited stations placed at different distances from the trail. The results varied between taxa: voles (Microtus spp.) avoided trail edges whereas mouse (Cricetidae and Dipodidae) and thirteen-lined ground squirrel (Ictidomys tridecemlineatus) activity was unaffected by trail proximity. Trails may therefore have species-specific effects on small mammals, with potential consequences for the connectivity and distribution of populations.
Validating measures of emotional abuse with behavioral observations during interpersonal conflict

Emotional abuse is a form of intimate partner violence that can have detrimental effects on both individual well-being and relationship outcomes. However, differences in definitions and forms of emotional and psychological abuse have led to difficulties in its measurement. The Multi-Dimensional Measure of Emotional Abuse (MMEA) is an emotional abuse index that differentiates several different forms of psychological abuse. The current study sought to validate subscales of the MMEA by examining their relation to emotionally abusive behavior observed during interpersonal conflict. Additionally, the Conflict Tactics Scale Psychological Aggression scale and its severity subscales (CTS-PA) were compared to the MMEA. Heterosexual couples (N = 167) participated in a conflict discussion task. Conflict discussions were coded for belligerence, contempt, domineering, and stonewalling behavior. Women completed the MMEA and CTS-PA questionnaire about their own and their partners’ emotional abuse perpetration. Results indicated that the total MMEA score for men and women was associated with belligerence, whereas the CTS-PA total score was associated with women’s contempt. The restricted engulfment subscale was associated with men’s dominance and contempt, and woman’s belligerence. The minor CTS-PA scale was associated with men and women’s contempt, and women’s stonewalling. The severe CTS-PA scale was only associated with women’s contempt. Additionally, we found significant associations between men’s stonewalling and contempt and their partner’s MMEA and CTS-PA subscales. For women, stonewalling was associated with their partner’s restricted engulfment. Men’s hostile withdrawal scale was also associated with their partner’s dominance during the conflict. Our results suggest that the MMEA multi-dimensional subscales appear to capture a wider range specific abusive behaviors compared to the CTS-PA’s severity constructs.
Association Between Family/Neighborhood Cancer Risk Factors and Adolescent Dietary Behaviors: A Parent-Adolescent Dyadic Analysis

Objective. This cross-sectional study examined associations between adolescent dietary behaviors and family/home environments with parent-adolescent dyadic analysis. Methods. Secondary data were analyzed for adolescents and their parents who participated in the 2014 Family Life, Activity, Sun, Health, and Eating (FLASHE) study. Relationships between adolescent and parent intake of convenience/fast-food, fruits/vegetables, and sugar, as well as family/community and mealtime environments, were examined using Pearson’s correlations, 2-sample t tests, analysis of variance, and general linear model analyses. Results. Among this nationwide parent-adolescent dyad sample (N = 1890), a moderate relationship between parent and adolescent consumption of convenience/fast-foods (r = 0.426) and fruits/vegetables (r = 0.416) was found. Adolescent convenience/fast-foods intake differed by sex, neighborhood socioeconomic status, meals eaten with family, and meals eaten in front of the TV (P < .001 for all) as well as race/ethnicity (P = .004). Adolescent fruit/vegetable intake differed by home location (P = .029), school location (P = .032), meals eaten together with family, meals eaten in front of the TV, and body mass index category (P < .001 for all). Generalized linear models revealed multiple predictors of adolescent dietary behaviors. Conclusion. Findings suggest dynamic relationships between adolescent and parent dietary cancer risk factors and adolescent fruit/vegetable consumption disparities by multiple environmental factors. Interventions targeting adolescent-parent dyads may help reduce cancer risk associated with diet.
Physical factors influencing the oviposition behaviour of European grapevine moths Lobesia botrana and Eupoecilia ambiguella

Uncovering the entire process of oviposition could enable the development of innovative pest control strategies. The European grapevine moth Lobesia botrana as well as the European grape berry moth Eupoecilia ambiguella are serious insect pests, which still threaten viticulture in many parts of the world. By creating an artificial semiochemical emitting surface, in form of a card, we tried to develop an egg‐monitoring tool for the oviposition of these two species in vineyards. The idea was to create a decision support system that facilitates timing and necessity of insecticide treatments. This article deals exclusively with the initial step towards the development of this tool: the influence of physical factors (colour, shape or texture) of a surface on the oviposition behaviour of L. botrana and E. ambiguella under laboratory conditions. The acceptance of different artificial substrates as oviposition site was analysed exclusive of volatile organic compounds emitted by a host plant. We investigated particular colours of the surface, which could be a visual stimulus to trigger the oviposition of both species. Apparently, the colour green, the texture of the material and the light conditions turned out to be highly important stimuli for oviposition.