Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Electroseismic Wave Theory of Frenkel and More Recent Developments

Frenkel’s 1944 theory of porous media acoustics is carefully scrutinized. After some manipulation, Frenkel’s equations are seen to have nearly identical form to Biot’s 1962 equations. The only difference is that Frenkel includes an extraneous fluid-pressure gradient in his bulk force balance. Frenkel also makes a slight error in the development of his effective poroelastic moduli that prevents him from being the first to obtain the so-called “fluid-substitution” relations. Outside of these two small problems, Frenkel’s analysis can be considered correct. He limits his treatment of electroseismic phenomena to explain the electric field that accompanies a compressional seismic wave in a homogeneous material. He predicts that the electric field in a compressional wave is directly proportional to the particle acceleration and this has been verified by the recent field measurements of Garambois and Dietrich. However, such electric fields are only a small part of the total electroseismic response of the earth.
Discharge and the Eccentricity of the Hopper Influence on the Silo Wall Pressures

The objective of this work is to perform an analysis of pressure distributions in grain silos for both the discharge and static conditions with eccentric outlets. To this end, the commercial ANSYS program, based on the finite-element method is employed. In this paper, results are presented for a silo with a height of 10.5 m (cylinder height 8 m, base cone height 2.5 m), a silo radius of 3 m, and an outlet radius of 0.5 m. Outlet eccentricity ranged from 0% (central outlet) to 100% (maximally eccentric outlet, tangential to the silo cylinder). Based on the results, this paper proposes new methods of analyzing silo discharge and the influence of outlet eccentricity. The discharge model combines both dilatancy and type of discharge effects. 3D models were developed to analyze the eccentricity of the outlet. The results are compared with previous research data and with standard design guidelines.
Bridging social distinction and cultural communities in(side) spatial boundries: example of a café chain in Istanbul

ABSTRACT Neo-liberal economy politics and the uprising of new high-spender conservative elites escalate radical urban transformations in Istanbul. Urban spaces that rapidly segregate from each other witness the symbolic conflicts of social groups that own cultural, economic and spatial capital. This study focuses on how a specific café chain in Istanbul is consumed as a privileged public space by its secular elite regulars and how they manifest their distinction, prestige, identity and belonging in the café. Accordingly, the eating and drinking experience in the café has been observed through a field study at this café’s seven branches in Istanbul. This study argues that the current symbolic conflict triggered by uncomfortable spatial proximity and balancing out discrepancies between Istanbul's conservative and secular elites could be interpreted within this particular social space of belonging and exclusion. We put forward that secular elites’ consumption practices with the exertion of a spatial capital formed a privileged social space representing territorial exclusionary claims on certain micro-places in İstanbul.
Effectiveness of Laparoscopic Adenomyomectomy on Perinatal Outcomes

Objectives: The objective of this study was to observe the influence of laparoscopic adenomyomectomy on perinatal outcomes. Materials and Methods: The retrospective cohort study included 43 pregnant cases with adenomyosis who did not undergo laparoscopic surgery before pregnancy (nonsurgery group; 26 cases) and did (surgery group; 17 cases). To evaluate the impact of surgery on perinatal outcomes, nine obstetric complications including preterm delivery, hypertensive disorder of pregnancy, placental malposition, oligohydramnios, gestational diabetes mellitus, uterine rupture, abruptio placentae, and postpartum hemorrhage were selected. One obstetric complication was counted as one point (Maximum 9 points for one person). The obstetrical morbidity was compared by adding up the number of relevant events (0–9) between the two groups. Apgar score, umbilical artery pH (UApH), neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) admission, and neonatal death were also examined. Results: The surgery group had a significantly lower prevalence of fetal growth restriction compared to the nonsurgery group (nonsurgery vs. surgery; 26.9%, 7/26 vs. 0%, 0/17: P = 0.031). No differences were found in the morbidity of the nine obstetric complications (19.2%, 45/234 vs. 13.7%, 21/153), gestational weeks (mean ± standard deviation, 37.2 ± 2.4 vs. 36.4 ± 3.2), birth weight (2573.6 ± 557.9 vs. 2555.4 ± 680.8 g), Apgar score (1, 5 min; 8.0 ± 0.7 vs. 7.7 ± 1.2, 8.9 ± 0.6 vs. 8.5 ± 1.8), UApH (7.28 ± 0.08 vs. 7.28 ± 0.06), NICU admission (26.9%, 7/26 vs. 41.2%, 7/17), and neonatal death (0%, 0%) between both groups. Conclusion: Laparoscopic adenomyomectomy may not increase obstetric complications, although attention must be paid to uterine rupture during pregnancy.
The Asymptotic Variance of Semi-parametric Estimators with Generated Regressors

We study the asymptotic distribution of three-step estimators of a finite dimensional parameter vector where the second step consists of one or more nonparametric regressions on a regressor that is estimated in the first step. The first step estimator is either parametric or non-parametric. Using Newey’s (1994) path-derivative method we derive the contribution of the first step estimator to the influence function. In this derivation it is important to account for the dual role that the first step estimator plays in the second step non-parametric regression, i.e., that of conditioning variable and that of argument. We consider three examples in more detail: the partial linear regression model estimator with a generated regressor, the Heckman, Ichimura and Todd (1998) estimator of the Average Treatment Effect and a semi-parametric control variable estimator.
BANDWIDTH-EFFICIENT COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS BASED ON FINITE-LENGTH LOW DENSITY PARITY CHECK CODES

Low density parity check (LDPC) codes are linear block codes constructed by pseudorandom parity check matrices. These codes are powerful in terms of error performance and, especially, have low decoding complexity. While infinite-length LDPC codes approach the capacity of communication channels, finite-length LDPC codes also perform well, and simultaneously meet the delay requirement of many communication applications such as voice and backbone transmissions. Therefore, finite-length LDPC codes are attractive to employ in low-latency communication systems. This thesis mainly focuses on the bandwidth-efficient communication systems using finite-length LDPC codes. Such bandwidth-efficient systems are realized by mapping a group of LDPC coded bits to a symbol of a high-order signal constellation. Depending on the systems’ infrastructure and knowledge of the channel state information (CSI), the signal constellations in different coded modulation systems can be two-dimensional multilevel/multiphase constellations or multi-dimensional space-time constellations. In the first part of the thesis, two basic bandwidth-efficient coded modulation systems, namely LDPC coded modulation and multilevel LDPC coded modulation, are investigated for both additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) and frequency-flat Rayleigh fading channels. The bounds on the bit error rate (BER) performance are derived for these systems based on the maximum likelihood (ML) criterion. The derivation of these bounds relies on the union bounding and combinatoric techniques. In particular, for the LDPC coded modulation, the ML bound is computed from the Hamming distance spectrum of the LDPC code and the Euclidian distance profile of the two-dimensional constellation. For the multilevel LDPC coded modulation, the bound of each decoding stage is obtained for a generalized multilevel coded modulation, where more than one coded bit is considered for level. For both systems, the bounds are confirmed by the simulation results of ML decoding and/or the performance of the ordered-statistic decoding (OSD) and the sum-product decoding. It is demonstrated that these bounds can be efficiently used to evaluate the error performance and select appropriate parameters (such as the code rate, constellation and mapping) for the
The tidal disruption of neutron stars by black holes in close binaries.

The formation of close, doubly compact binary systems from close massive binaries is considered. Massive X-ray binaries are shown to be possible progenitors of these systems. The recent observation of the binary pulsar indicates that doubly compact binary systems may exist. Reasonable scenarios can be developed in which at least one of the compact stars, in many cases, is a black hole. In general, these objects have evolved to separations less than 10 R/sub sun/, and thus their orbits decay (within 10/sup 10/ yr) via the emission of gravitational radiation. Black-hole-neutron-star collisions may therefore be possible in these systems. A model for the tidal disruption of a neutron star by the black hole in these systems is constructed, and shows that mass ejection to infinity from 1.3 M/sub sun/ neutron stars (a reasonable value suggested by evolutionary calculations) spiraling into black holes with masses less than 8--17 M/sub sun/ is possible, this range depending upon the neutron star equation of state. For much larger black hole masses, the neutron star breakup occurs inside the Schwarzschild radius of the neutron star. A statistical estimate for the frequency of black-hole-neutron-star collisions is given, and possible implications for nucleosynthesis and antineutrino emission aremore » discussed. (AIP)« less
Diet Composition and Using Probiotics or Symbiotics Can Modify the Urinary and Faecal Nitrogen Ratio of Broiler Chicken’s Excreta and Also the Dynamics of In Vitro Ammonia Emission

Simple Summary Ammonia emission is a main air quality issue worldwide and related mostly to animal production. This ratio in the European Union is about 80–90%. Ammonia is released from the manure, mainly from the nitrogen excreted via urine. There are several nutritional tools to decrease the N-excretion of the animals. Among them feeding low protein diets supplemented with crystalline ammino acids is probably the most efficient. However, feed additives, like exogenous enzymes, pro- and prebiotics can also modify the amount of the excreted N as well as its composition. There are lots of information on how the probiotics and prebiotics can modify the microbiota composition in the different gut segments. On the other hand, few results exist on how this modified microbiota can affect the ratio of the faecal and urinary nitrogen or the ureolytic activity of the excreted microflora. Therefore, in the present work the effects of different cereal grains with different soluble fibre fractions and a probiotic and symbiotic treatment was evaluated. Abstract The objective of this research was to determine whether diet composition, or adding probiotic or symbiotic feed additives to broiler diets can modify the N composition of the excreta and the dynamics of ammonia volatilization from the manure. A total of 574 one-day-old Ross 308 broiler chickens were fed four different diets. The treatments included a corn and soybean meal-based control diets (C), wheat-based and wheat bran containing diets (W), a multi-strain probiotic treatment (Broilact®; Br), and a symbiotic additive containing Bacillus subtilis, inulin, and Saccharomices cerevisiae (Sy). Feeding the wheat-based diet significantly improved the weight gain and FCR of chickens. Treatment W also significantly increased the dry matter content of the excreta compared with the probiotic and symbiotic treatments. Both Br and Sy tended to decrease the amount of excreted uric acid, which is the main substrate of ammonia. Treatment Sy reduced the urinary N ratio of the excreta in comparison with treatment W. The symbiotic additive resulted in significantly higher ammonia emission in the first two hours. On the other hand, the dynamics of the emission was slow at the beginning and increased steeply after 15 h when the wheat-based diets were fed. Based on our results, the wheat-based diets, containing soluble arabinoxylans, and the symbiotic treatments of broiler diets have an impact on the urinary and faecal nitrogen composition of the excreta, and also on the dynamics of ammonia release from the manure.
Searching for helium in the exosphere of HD 209458b

Atmospheric models of the extrasolar, close-in giant planet HD 209458b predict strong absorption features from alkali metals (Seager & Sasselov 2000; Brown 2001). This was confirmed by the discovery of NaI by HST observations (Charbonneau et al. 2002). In this study we focus on the search for the helium absorption feature at 10 830 A, also predicted to be among the strongest ones. Helium is a major component of the planet's exosphere, for which models are yet not as robust as atmosphere models. One full transit was observed with the VLT/ISAAC instrument. We do not report the detection of the HeI feature. The data set is strongly affected by instrumental fringing, at a level up to 5% in the extracted spectra. After filtering, a residual noise of the order of 0.2% remains. An upper limit of the HeI line was derived, which further constrains future models of the HD 209458b planet exosphere. This upper limit, in terms of the feature depth, is 0.5% at 3σ for a 3 A bandwidth. Prospects are proposed to lower the detectability limit; the ultimate detectability limit with ISAAC in the absence of electronic fringing and in ideal atmospheric conditions could be as low as a line depth of 0.1% (3 A width, 3σ).
BOOTSTRAPPING STATIONARY AUTOREGRESSIVE MOVING-AVERAGE MODELS

In this paper we develop an asymptotic theory for application of the bootstrap to stationary stochastic processes of autoregressive moving-average (ARMA) type, with known order (p, q). We give a proof of the asymptotic validity of the bootstrap proposal applied to M estimators for the unknown parameter vector of the process. For this purpose we derive an asymptotic expansion for M estimators in ARMA models and construct an estimate for the unknown distribution function of the residuals which in principle are not observable. A small simulation study is also included.
Extended rotation curves of spiral galaxies: dark haloes and modified dynamics

Strict criteria are applied to the sample of spiral galaxies with measured rotation curves in order to select those objects for which the observed rotation curve is an accurate tracer of the radial force law. The resulting sub-sample of 10 galaxies is then considered in view of two suggested explanations for the discrepancy between the luminous mass and the conventional dynamical mass of galaxies: dark haloes and the modified Newtonian dynamics (MOND). This is done by means of least-squares fits to the rotation curves. Three-parameter dark-halo models (M/L for the visible disc, the core radius and the asymptotic circular velocity of the halo) work well in reproducing the observed rotation curves, and it is found that, for the higher luminosity galaxies, the visible matter dominates the mass distribution within the optically bright disc. However, in the low-luminosity gas-rich dwarfs the dark component is everywhere dominant. MOND, with one free parameter, (M/L for the visible disc) generally works well in predicting the form of the rotation curves, in some cases better than multi-parameter dark-halo fits. If the distance to the galaxy is also taken as a free parameter, then the MOND fits are as good as three parameter dark-halo models and, with one exception, the implied distances are consistent with the adopted distances within the probable uncertainty in the distance estimates. Restricting the number of parameter in dark-halo models by making use of the disc-halo coupling does not produce satisfactory fits to the rotation curves. The overall conclusion is that MOND is currently the best phenomenological description of the systematics of the discrepancy in galaxies.
Pediatric Systemic Lupus Erythematous in COVID-19 Era

Pediatric systemic lupus erythematosus is a chronic autoimmune disorder with a highly variable course and prognosis. It results in functional abnormalities in the immune system due to intrinsic factors and the use of immunosuppressive therapies associated with underlying comorbidities seem to increase the risk of severe COVID-19 and poor outcomes of the disease in pediatric systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients. The aim of this review is to obtain a better understanding of the existing link between this new viral infection and pediatric lupus. We have analyzed the characteristics of newly diagnosed cases of pediatric SLE following COVID-19 which have been reported in the literature and which describe the impact that COVID-19 has on patients already suffering with pediatric SLE.
Free-Ride Coding for Constructions of Coupled LDPC Codes

Free-ride coding, as an approach that admits transmission of a few extra bits over a low-density parity-check (LDPC) coded link without bandwidth expansion, is applied in this paper to construct coupled LDPC codes. Firstly, we present a syndrome channel model and derive the lower and upper bounds on its capacity (referred to as accessible capacity), indicating the feasibility of the reliable transmission of extra bits. Secondly, we present the performance evaluation on both the word error rate (WER) and the bit error rate (BER) for the free-ride codes with simple lower and upper bounds. Then we propose three applications of free-ride coding to construct coupled LDPC codes, including implicit globally-coupled LDPC (GC-LDPC) codes, partial product-LDPC codes, and terminated spatially-coupled LDPC (SC-LDPC) codes, all of which have the figure of merits that they share the same code rates with the basic component LDPC codes. Simulation results show that: 1) the proposed GC-LDPC codes can outperform the component LDPC codes, yielding a coding gain of up to 0.8 dB; 2) the proposed product codes with <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$(3,6)$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-regular LDPC component codes of length 1024 can lower the WER from <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$10^{-2}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> down to <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$10^{-6}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> at the SNR around 2 dB; 3) the proposed terminated SC-LDPC codes can perform as well as the conventional terminated SC-LDPC codes but without any rate loss.
Causal Relationship Among SME’s Import, Export, Deposits, and Small Manufacturing Contribution to GDP – Toda Yamamoto Analysis

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to identify the causal relationship between Pakistani SMEs' imports, exports, domestic deposits, and GDP in the small manufacturing sector over 2007-Q1 to 2020-Q4. Design/Methodology/Approach: Granger causality is a revolutionary and cutting-edge econometric technique that was presented by Toda and Yamamoto (1995). This technique enabled us to identify various kinds of observations, all of which are discussed in detail in the concluding part of the article. Findings: Four-causal relationship among the variables which revealed the empirical results. (i) fluctuations in exports values, total imports values and deposit in domestic currency may cause the changes in GDP of small manufacturing sector in Pakistan (ii) fluctuations in GDP of small manufacturing and deposits in domestic currency may cause the changes in total exports value in SME sector in Pakistan while changes in total imports value do not make the cause of changes in total exports value in Pakistan SME sector (iii) fluctuations in GDP of small manufacturing and total exports value may cause the changes in total imports value in SME sector in Pakistan while changes in deposit in domestic currency do not make the cause of changes in total imports value in SME sector in Pakistan and (iv) fluctuations in GDP of small manufacturing, total exports value, and total import values does not make the cause of changes in deposit in domestic currency in SME sector in Pakistan. Implications/Originality/Value: Using secondary data and an estimation method to take into account new factors, the study also makes a big contribution to the ongoing research on SMEs in Pakistan.
Tests For Constancy Of Model Parameters Over Time

Suppose that a sequence of data points follows a distribution of a certain parametric form, but that one or more of the underlying parameters may change over time. This paper addresses various natural questions in such a framework. We construct canonical monitoring processes which under the hypothesis of no change converge in distribution to independent Brownian bridges, and use these to construct natural goodness-of-fit statistics. Weighted versions of these are also studied, and optimal weight functions are derived to give maximum local power against alternatives of interest. We also discuss how our results can be used to pinpoint where and what type of changes have occurred, in the event that initial screening tests indicate that such exist. Our unified large-sample methodology is quite general and applies to all regular parametric models, including regression, Markov chain and time series situations.
A brief history of modeling Early Holocene landscape use in the American Southeast

ABSTRACT The Early Holocene is a critical period in the American Southeast and represents the time between the end of the Pleistocene and emerging cultural complexity of the Mid-Holocene. Due to the limitations imposed by a relative lack of site preservation, an important avenue of inquiry for understanding this period has been connecting the few reported, well-dated sites with the distribution of surface finds to explore how people organized their mobility across landscapes. The most widely cited examples of studies examining Early Holocene landscape use in the region are Anderson and Hanson (1988), Daniel (2001), and Hollenbach (2009). In this article, we discuss the historical development of these three approaches to modeling landscape use and explore the impacts of these works in Southeastern archaeology. Finally, we introduce four articles that explore the applicability of these three approaches in Virginia (Gingerich, this issue), Florida (Halligan et al., this issue), the lower Ohio River valley (Jennings et al. this issue), and the upper Tombigbee River valley (Strawn et al., this issue).