Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
S3: syntax- and semantic-guided repair synthesis via programming by examples

A notable class of techniques for automatic program repair is known as semantics-based. Such techniques, e.g., Angelix, infer semantic specifications via symbolic execution, and then use program synthesis to construct new code that satisfies those inferred specifications. However, the obtained specifications are naturally incomplete, leaving the synthesis engine with a difficult task of synthesizing a general solution from a sparse space of many possible solutions that are consistent with the provided specifications but that do not necessarily generalize. We present S3, a new repair synthesis engine that leverages programming-by-examples methodology to synthesize high-quality bug repairs. The novelty in S3 that allows it to tackle the sparse search space to create more general repairs is three-fold: (1) A systematic way to customize and constrain the syntactic search space via a domain-specific language, (2) An efficient enumeration- based search strategy over the constrained search space, and (3) A number of ranking features based on measures of the syntactic and semantic distances between candidate solutions and the original buggy program. We compare S3’s repair effectiveness with state-of-the-art synthesis engines Angelix, Enumerative, and CVC4. S3 can successfully and correctly fix at least three times more bugs than the best baseline on datasets of 52 bugs in small programs, and 100 bugs in real-world large programs.
The Effect of Variance Difference of Dyadic Quantized Histograms on Universal Steganalysis

is the art and science of detecting messages hidden using steganography. The goal of steganalysis is to identify suspected packages, determine whether or not they have a payload encoded into them, and, if possible, recover that payload. Selecting a proper cover image plays a prominent role in steganography success. Various measures have been introduced to choose a proper image so far. In this work we are going to present a new measure independent of hidden message and it is just build on the image content. It is also quite effective on steganalysis and steganography success. This measure has been constructed by using histogram as the main component of image processing and it is called Variance Difference of dyadic Quantized Histograms. A quantized histogram to N is an image histogram with decreased color to N. Comparing several quantized histogram pairs by their variance demonstrates that the more the variance differences in quantized histogram pairs of an image is, the more probable the universal steganalysis failure is . Generally, universal steganalysis has less accuracy and more expected failure in detecting a true stego image. This paper considered quantized histograms to 64, 128, and 256 in grayscale JPEG images and it outlined that the effect of quantized histograms to 128, 256 is more than the other pairs.
Nearly-tight VC-dimension bounds for piecewise linear neural networks

We prove new upper and lower bounds on the VC-dimension of deep neural networks with the ReLU activation function. These bounds are tight for almost the entire range of parameters. Letting $W$ be the number of weights and $L$ be the number of layers, we prove that the VC-dimension is $O(W L \log(W))$, and provide examples with VC-dimension $\Omega( W L \log(W/L) )$. This improves both the previously known upper bounds and lower bounds. In terms of the number $U$ of non-linear units, we prove a tight bound $\Theta(W U)$ on the VC-dimension. All of these results generalize to arbitrary piecewise linear activation functions.
Cornea Label-Free In Vivo Imaging of Corneal Lymphatic Vessels Using Microscopic Optical Coherence Tomography

Jens Horstmann, Hinnerk Schulz-Hildebrandt, Felix Bock, Sebastian Siebelmann, Eva Lankenau, Gereon Hüttmann, Philipp Steven, and Claus Cursiefen Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany Cluster of Excellence: Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany Institute of Biomedical Optics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany Airway Research Center North (ARCN), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Lübeck, Germany Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany OptoMedical Technologies GmbH, Lübeck, Germany
A second order cartesian scheme for BGK equation

A simple second order scheme is presented for BGK equation on cartesian grids to simulate rareﬁed gas ﬂows. An immersed boundary technique is then used since the mesh is body ﬁtted. The asymptotic preserving properties of the BGK equation discretization towards Euler limit are also investigated with emphasis on the boundary conditions as the Knudsen number goes to zero. Reconstruction techniques and levelset functions are used to modify the ﬂuxes at the nearest interface of the body and enforce the boundary conditions at second order. The same method is applied in 1D and 2D cases to demonstrate its accuracy
DRAM-Aware Last-Level Cache Writeback: Reducing Write-Caused Interference in Memory Systems

Read and write requests from a processor contend for the main memory data bus. System performance depends heavily on when read requests are serviced since they are required for an application’s forward progress whereas writes do not need to be performed immediately. However, writes eventually have to be written to memory because the storage required to buffer them on-chip is limited. In modern high bandwidth DDR (Double Data Rate)-based memory systems write requests significantly interfere with the servicing of read requests by delaying the more critical read requests and by causing the memory bus to become idle when switching between the servicing of a write and read request. This interference significantly degrades overall system performance. We call this phenomenon write-caused interference. To reduce write-caused interference, this paper proposes a new last-level cache writeback policy, called DRAM-aware writeback. The key idea of the proposed technique is to aggressively send out writeback requests that are expected to hit in DRAM row buffers before they would normally be evicted by the last-level cache replacement policy and have the DRAM controller service as many writes as possible together. Doing so not only reduces the amount of time to service writes by improving their row buffer locality but also reduces the idle bus cycles wasted due to switching between the servicing of a write and a read request. DRAM-aware writeback improves system performance by 7.1% and 12.8% on single and 4-core systems respectively. The performance benefits of the mechanism increases in systems with prefetching since such systems have higher contention between reads and writes in the DRAM system.
Rethinking surveillance - Toward an interactive security model

Surveillance has come to be a multi-billion dollar industry designed to protect both persons and belongings, yet very little attention has been given to the improvement of both its public perception and functionality. The anachronous model of ‘an observer’ watching ‘the observed’ has been the quintessence of such surveillance systems since their conception. Video Surveillance specifically is currently used primarily to convey live images to a moderator, which has the unintended effect of removing privacy, promoting stereotypes and instilling an element of helplessness in those who are being observed. In addition to the aforementioned concerns, these methods are vastly outdated; the act of looking at a set of spatially connected areas, being the core of surveillance, is centuries old. As the complexities of society and in turn security increase, the question of what else surveillance systems can be attains more significance. Answering this question requires an interdisciplinary approach that faculty at the University of Minnesota undertook in four consecutive semesters through the class “ECE 4951: Senior Design Project. ” This paper builds on calls to re-think the power dynamics inherent in surveillance systems through a paradigm shift in which surveillance is used to connect people to people and people to the environment. The discussion elaborates on the students' design approaches as well as the challenges that such an interdisciplinary pedagogical undertaking involves.
Usefulness as the Criterion for Evaluation of Interactive Information Retrieval

The purpose of an information retrieval (IR) system is to help users accomplish a task. IR system evaluation should consider both task success and the value of support given over the entire information seeking episode. Relevance-based measurements fail to address these requirements. In this paper, usefulness is proposed as a basis for IR evaluation.
High-Efficiency Transmission for Medical Implants

In this article, by means of appropriate circuit design the total efficiency can be optimized. On a circuit level, a high efficiency for an inductive power link can be obtained by using a class E amplifier and an active power regulator. The class E amplifier has three advantages: it has a high efficiency, it has a minimal power consumption when the secondary coil of the inductive link is shorted, and it reaches its normal operation almost immediately after turn on (although a high-Q LC circuit is involved). These properties are exploited in the design of two different power regulators, which are simple on-off control systems. The power regulators have never been realized, but the Micro-Cap simulations are really very promising. The author is hopeful that these considerations may inspire young designers to optimize inductive powering systems. Recent papers in reference [6], [7] show that modeling and designing an inductive power link with a high efficiency is still a challenge.
The Monetary Valuation of Lifetime Health Improvement and Life Expectancy Gains in Turkey

The main objective of this study is to estimate the monetary value of the gains of healthy days and life expectancy due to the ambient air quality standard that came into effect in 2014 by estimating the country-specific value of a life year (VOLY) and the value of the healthier and longer life (VHLL) for Turkey. Contingent valuation method is adopted to reveal individuals’ willingness to pay for an improvement of health condition and the extension of their life expectancy by avoiding respiratory and lung related illnesses. VHLL is composed of two parts, WTP for an extension of one’s life years (VOLY) and for an increase in the number of healthy days throughout one’s life time (VHLL-VOLY). We found that close to 80% of WTP is allocated to the latter component of VHLL and only 20% is for VOLY mainly due to Islamic beliefs of the respondents. A total of 1314 observations are collected by face-to-face interviews from Afsin-Elbistan, Kutahya-Tavsanli and Ankara. The estimated VHLL and VOLY are [41,750 TL, 10,258 TL] with all the observations, [30,185 TL, 7132 TL] for Afsin-Elbistan, [31,718 TL, 7081 TL] for Kutahya-Tavsanli and [52,334 TL, 14,813 TL] for Ankara. The Inverse-U shaped relationship between Age and WTP is confirmed. The income elasticities of WTP is found to be close to 0.5 for all study areas while an Inverse-U shaped relationship between the household income and Income Elasticity of WTP is observed in the income group based analysis. Age and household income are the two prominent determinants of VHLL.
Differentiation of Human Umbilical Cord Matrix Mesenchymal Stem Cells into Neural-Like Progenitor Cells and Maturation into an Oligodendroglial-Like Lineage

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are viewed as safe, readily available and promising adult stem cells, which are currently used in several clinical trials. Additionally, their soluble-factor secretion and multi-lineage differentiation capacities place MSCs in the forefront of stem cell types with expected near-future clinical applications. In the present work MSCs were isolated from the umbilical cord matrix (Wharton's jelly) of human umbilical cord samples. The cells were thoroughly characterized and confirmed as bona-fide MSCs, presenting in vitro low generation time, high proliferative and colony-forming unit-fibroblast (CFU-F) capacity, typical MSC immunophenotype and osteogenic, chondrogenic and adipogenic differentiation capacity. The cells were additionally subjected to an oligodendroglial-oriented step-wise differentiation protocol in order to test their neural- and oligodendroglial-like differentiation capacity. The results confirmed the neural-like plasticity of MSCs, and suggested that the cells presented an oligodendroglial-like phenotype throughout the differentiation protocol, in several aspects sharing characteristics common to those of bona-fide oligodendrocyte precursor cells and differentiated oligodendrocytes.
Word processing in groups

From the Publisher: This study in combinatorial group theory introduces the concept of automatic groups. It contains a succinct introduction to the theory of regular languages, a discussion of related topics in combinatorial group theory, and the connections between automatic groups and geometry which motivated the development of this new theory. It is of interest to mathematicians and computer scientists and includes open problems that will dominate the research for years to come.
On the Choice of Mappings Based On Geometric Properties

The choice of mapping strategies to effectively map controller variables to sound synthesis algorithms is examined. Specifically, we look at continuous mappings that have a geometric representation. Drawing from underlying mathematical theory, this paper presents a way to compare mapping strategies, with the goal of achieving an appropriate match between mapping and musical performance context. This method of comparison is applied to existing techniques, while a suggestion is offered on how to integrate and extend this work through a new implementation.
School-age Outcomes of Extremely Preterm or Extremely Low Birth Weight Children

OBJECTIVE: Research is required to monitor changes in the nature of neurobehavioral deficits in extremely preterm (EP) or extremely low birth weight (ELBW) survivors. This study examines cognitive, academic, and behavioral outcomes at age 8 years for a regional cohort of EP/ELBW children born in 1997. METHODS: The EP/ELBW cohort comprised all live births with a gestational age <28 weeks (EP) or birth weight <1000 g (ELBW) born in the state of Victoria, Australia, in 1997. Of 317 live births, 201 (63.4%) survived to 2 years of age. A term/normal birth weight (T/NBW) cohort was recruited comprising 199 infants with birth weights <2500 g or gestational age <37 weeks. Measures of intellectual ability, educational achievement, and behavior were administered at age 8. RESULTS: Retention was 94% for the EP/ELBW group and 87% for the T/NBW group. The EP/ELBW group performed poorer than the T/NBW group on measures of IQ, educational achievement, and certain behavioral domains, even after adjustment for sociodemographic factors and exclusion of children with neurosensory impairment. The rate of any neurobehavioral impairment was elevated in the EP/ELBW group (71% vs 42%), and one-half of subjects had multiple impairments. The outcomes for those with <750 g birth weight or <26 weeks' gestational age were similar to those with a birth weight of 750 to 999 g or a gestational age of 26 to 27 weeks, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Despite ongoing improvements in the management of EP/ELBW infants, the rate of neurobehavioral impairment at school-age remains too high relative to controls.
Thromboplastin-thrombomodulin-mediated Time and Serum Folate Levels Are Genetically Correlated with the Risk of Thromboembolic Disease: Results from the GAIT Project

Summary The GAIT (Genetic Analysis of Idiopathic Thrombophilia) Project is a family-based study dedicated to elucidating the genetic basis of hemostasis-related phenotypes and thrombosis risk. In this paper, we have examined several lesser-studied hemostasis-related phenotypes in the 21 GAIT families: levels of vitamin B12, serum folate, whole blood folate, α 2-antiplasmin, prekallikrein, β2-glycoprotein I, soluble P-selectin, factor XIII A and B subunits and a new coagulation measurement based on thromboplastin time in the presence or absence of thrombomodulin. Using the variance component method, we estimated the relative contributions of genetic and environmental influences on these phenotypes. In addition, we calculated the genetic correlations between thrombosis risk and each of these phenotypes. All 12 phenotypes showed significant genetic contributions with genes accounting for 22% to 78% of the variance after correction for covariate effects. Four phenotypes (three traits involving thromboplastin-thrombomodulin mediated coagulation time and serum folate) exhibited significant genetic correlations with thrombosis. Thus, some of the genes that influence quantitative variation in these physiological phenotypes also influence the risk of thrombosis. The high heritabilities and significant genetic correlations between thrombosis and some risk factors suggest that joint consideration of correlated quantitative phenotypes will aid in identifying susceptibility genes.
Measuring Sources of Identification in Nonlinear Econometric Models

We propose a measure of the extent to which a given parameter is identified by a given empirical moment. The measure has simple interpretations in terms of decision theory and sensitivity to model misspecification. It is applicable to a wide class of nonlinear models, and imposes a negligible computational burden even for computationally difficult models. We validate the measure on a linear example and apply it to a recent paper in industrial organization.
Shadow removing in a surveillance system by a multi-resolution classification strategy

Shadow removing is a key issue for moving objects detection in a surveillance systems. However, few research address this problem by a learning strategy. In this paper, we present a multi-resolution classification method to remove shadows from the object detection result. Because the number of samples which denote the shadow and object is reasonably large, we adopt a coarse-to fine strategy during the classification process. By partitioning feature space into hypercubes according to different resolutions, we train a group of classifiers which can label the samples for testing from coarse to fine. Support Vector Machines are chosen in the process of training and the hypercubes which represent support vectors are subdivided in order to generate the sample set intended for training in a higher resolution. Because of the conglomeration property of the samples to be tested, we can label most of the samples using the simple classifiers trained at low resolution. In some cases, the method presented in this paper can reduce the computational complex of the classification algorithm. Finally, experimental results have substantiated the effectiveness of the proposed method.
SYSTOMONAS — an integrated database for systems biology analysis of Pseudomonas

To provide an integrated bioinformatics platform for a systems biology approach to the biology of pseudomonads in infection and biotechnology the database SYSTOMONAS (SYSTems biology of pseudOMONAS) was established. Besides our own experimental metabolome, proteome and transcriptome data, various additional predictions of cellular processes, such as gene-regulatory networks were stored. Reconstruction of metabolic networks in SYSTOMONAS was achieved via comparative genomics. Broad data integration is realized using SOAP interfaces for the well established databases BRENDA, KEGG and PRODORIC. Several tools for the analysis of stored data and for the visualization of the corresponding results are provided, enabling a quick understanding of metabolic pathways, genomic arrangements or promoter structures of interest. The focus of SYSTOMONAS is on pseudomonads and in particular Pseudomonas aeruginosa, an opportunistic human pathogen. With this database we would like to encourage the Pseudomonas community to elucidate cellular processes of interest using an integrated systems biology strategy. The database is accessible at .
Diagonal Tension Cracking in Concrete Beams with Axial Forces

Study made of available data on diagonal tension cracking in reinforced concrete beams with and without axial load. Increment of shear between calculated flexural cracking and observed diagonal tension cracking was found to be a function of flexural reinforcement ratio, p , and modular ratio, n . In the study, 31 reinforced concrete beams were tested under combined transverse load and axial load, including both tension and compression. Results obtained confirm the conclusions reached as result of study of previously available test data. Two modified forms of Equation 26-12 of the ACI Building Code, AC1 318-63, are proposed as applicable to both prestressed concrete and reinforced concrete with or without axial load.
A queuing model for service availability of systems with rejuvenation

In this paper we present a queuing model to investigate the effect of time-based system rejuvenation on service availability. The model is formulated as a stochastic colored Petri net, which allows us to use realistic distributions such as the lognormal distribution. We define a metric for service availability and derive how it can be estimated from the model. Experiments show that the optimal rejuvenation interval as well as the achievable service availability improvement depend significantly on system utilization.
Type 2C Phosphatase 1 of Artemisia annua L. Is a Negative Regulator of ABA Signaling

The phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA) plays an important role in plant development and environmental stress response. Additionally, ABA also regulates secondary metabolism such as artemisinin in the medicinal plant Artemisia annua L. Although an earlier study showed that ABA receptor, AaPYL9, plays a positive role in ABA-induced artemisinin content improvement, many components in the ABA signaling pathway remain to be elucidated in Artemisia annua L. To get insight of the function of AaPYL9, we isolated and characterized an AaPYL9-interacting partner, AaPP2C1. The coding sequence of AaPP2C1 encodes a deduced protein of 464 amino acids, with all the features of plant type clade A PP2C. Transcriptional analysis showed that the expression level of AaPP2C1 is increased after ABA, salt, and drought treatments. Yeast two-hybrid and bimolecular fluorescence complementation assays (BiFC) showed that AaPYL9 interacted with AaPP2C1. The P89S, H116A substitution in AaPYL9 as well as G199D substitution or deletion of the third phosphorylation site-like motif in AaPP2C1 abolished this interaction. Furthermore, constitutive expression of AaPP2C1 conferred ABA insensitivity compared with the wild type. In summary, our data reveals that AaPP2C1 is an AaPYL9-interacting partner and involved in the negative modulation of the ABA signaling pathway in A. annua L.