Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Clinical Outcomes of Ustekinumab in Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Inflammatory bowel diseases including Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) are characterized by abdominal pain, diarrhea, blood in stools, weight loss, and fatigue. It presents in patients with varying severity from mild to severe depending on the inflammation. Detailed analysis and guidelines are required for the safe usage of biological therapies in the treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases as surgery is reserved for more complex cases. There is also geographical variation in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) incidence and prevalence based on environmental and climate changes, and socio-demographics. Studies also show that there is more hospitalization and reduced health-related quality of life in IBD patients when compared to normal people. We conducted an extensive literature database search for articles with keywords within the last 10 years on adults >18 years of age with IBD and its treatment, especially with ustekinumab. Ustekinumab is a human immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1) kappa monoclonal antibody, that blocks IL-12 and IL-23 and was approved by the FDA for the treatment of moderate to severe IBD, especially in patients who are intolerant to immunomodulators or corticosteroids treatment. There are several retrospective studies that show the effectiveness of ustekinumab dosage escalation every four weeks in IBD patients. This escalation of dose not only improved the clinical outcome but also reduced the worsening of the disease. Previous studies also show the importance of considering dosage escalation before switching biological agents in the IBD treatment. Ustekinumab has also demonstrated both efficacy and safety in the induction and maintenance of the treatment of this disease. There are certain challenges and opportunities associated with ustekinumab usage in IBD patients that require further research. Ustekinumab seems to be more cost-effective in the tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha-inhibitor failure population when compared to previously used biological treatment regimes.
Student-Teacher Experience and Teacher-Student Exchange in Times of Uncertainty: Lessons From Covid-19

Remote learning is increasingly normalized in the education sector after the global coronavirus pandemic. Specifically, multicultural business schools can only adapt to the “new normal” if they globally understand how students and teachers are experiencing remote education. Recognizing the new dynamic between students and teachers is thus becoming ever more relevant. We conducted two studies to (1) explore the students’ and teachers’ experiences of remote learning and teaching and (2) examine the influence of teacher-student exchange on key outcomes previously explored. The first study is a netnographic exploration of the remote learning-teaching experience through 397 observations from eighty-three countries during Covid-19. Our first study’s findings suggest that students-teachers are experiencing remote learning-teaching through six dimensions operated within a three-axis framework. Considering these findings, the second study tests the impact of teacher-student exchange on students’ emotional exhaustion, learning performance, and emotional consonance in a business school multicultural sample. Our findings suggest that social exchange reduces students’ emotional exhaustion and increases their emotional consonance differently across cultures.
Analogous piezoelectric network for multimodal vibration attenuation of a thin circular ring

Structural vibrations can be reduced by coupling to a piezoelectric electrical network that exhibits analogous modal properties of the structure. This paper considers the multimodal vibration damping of a thin circular ring using this method. The electrical network is derived by applying a finite difference model to the governing equations of motion for a segment of a thin curved beam. An electromechanical analogy is then applied to the physical constants. The resulting passive electrical network unit cell is a topology of capacitors, inductors, and transformers analogous to the dynamics of a segment of curved beam. The electrical network for a curved beam is simplified by considering an inextensional assumption and combining edge components in adjacent unit cells. The resulting simplified discrete network for a curved beam segment is assembled into a complete network for a circular ring. The electrical network for a circular ring displays modal properties similar to its mechanical analogue in both the spatial and frequency domains. As a result of the analogous modal properties across the frequency spectrum, it is shown that the network can be used to achieve multimodal vibration attenuation across a large frequency spectrum. Piezoelectric patches are used to couple the two domains. Numerical simulation of the coupled system demonstrates the effectiveness of the broadband damping effects from the analogous network. Notably, this research establishes a novelty in the field, as it not only introduces experimental validation of curved beam analogues, but also extends the investigation to encompass the coupling between a circular ring and its piezoelectric electrical network counterpart. Further experimental network optimization demonstrate the possibility of tuning the network to adapt to an imperfect mechanical ring.
Estimating Demand for Infrastructure in Energy, Transport, Telecommunications, Water, and Sanitation in Asia and the Pacific: 2010-2020

This paper estimates the need for infrastructure investment, including energy, transport, telecommunications, water, and sanitation during 2010-2020, in order to meet growing demands for services and facilitate further rapid growth in the region. By using â€œtop-downâ€ and â€œbottom-upâ€ approaches, this paper provides a comprehensive estimate of Asiaâ€™s need for infrastructure services. The estimates show that developing countries in Asia require financing of US$776 billion per year for national (US$747 billion) and regional (US$29 billion) infrastructure during 2010-2020 to meet growing demand. [ADBI Working Paper 248]
Learning 3D Face Reconstruction From the Cycle-Consistency of Dynamic Faces

Reconstructinga 3D face from a single image is a crucial task in numerous multimedia applications. Face images with ground-truth 3D face shapes are scarce, so unsupervised deep learning methods, which rely primarily on the free supervision signal derived from the visual disparity between the input image and the rendered counterpart of the predicted 3D face, have proven superior for reconstructing 3D faces. However, it is challenging for such techniques to decouple the dynamic 3D face properties such as pose or expression from a single 2D image, especially when similar local visual appearance changes can be caused by both pose and expression motion, resulting in imprecise 3D face reconstruction. In this article, a novel cycle-consistency in dynamic 3D face characteristics is introduced as a free supervisory signal for learning accurate 3D face shapes from unlabeled facial images. The main idea of cycle-consistency is to explicitly inject the head pose or facial expression variation between video frames into a face image, and then to extract and reverse the injected variation in order to reconstruct the face image to its original state. In our model, a CNN network with multiple branches is proposed to disentangle 3D face properties like identity, expression, pose, and texture from 2D facial images, one branch for each 3D face property. During training, our model learns to completely decouple the dynamic 3D face properties (pose and expression) to be useful for performing cycle-consistent face reconstruction. Extensive experiments demonstrate the superiority of our approach. On the challenging AFLW2000-3D, MICC Florence, and NoW datasets, our method outperforms or is on par with the state of the art.
Trend in total atmospheric deposition fluxes of aluminium, iron, and trace metals in the northwestern Mediterranean over the past decade (1985–1997)

The total atmospheric deposition of aluminium (Al), cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), nickel (Ni), lead (Pb), and zinc (Zn) on the northwestern coast of Corsica (Pirio) was sampled for two years, and their respective concentrations were measured during that period. The sampling station was chosen for its isolation from any local and regional sources of contamination. The year-to-year variability of the total atmospheric deposition was found to be high (up to a factor of 2). Using At as the crustal reference indicates that Pb, Cd, and Zn are mainly associated with man-made aerosols (> 85%), and Fe is mainly associated with crustal aerosols (> 70 %). However, our results indicate that Saharan dust is a potential source of natural lead, especially in the case of a major input of dust to the northwestern Mediterranean. To determine the spatiotemporal variability of the trace metals over the northwestern Mediterranean Sea, the observed fluxes were compared to those found in the past decade using the same methodology. The comparison indicated a relative homogeneity of Cu and Ni fluxes over the northwestern Mediterranean and over the past decade. The decrease found in At and Fe since 1985 (by a factor of 4 to 6) can be related to the decrease in Saharan dust fallout. The limitation in the use of lead additives in gasoline may have resulted in a decrease in the European atmospheric lead emissions by a factor of about 6 since 1985 and in a maximum decrease in the total atmospheric flux by a factor of 12 at most if the natural interannual variability of atmospheric deposition in this region is taken into account. So the recorded decrease in the atmospheric lead flux since 1985 (by a factor of ∼30) reveals a slight local contamination at the earlier Corsican station. In the case of Cd and Zn, there was a decrease by a factor of 30 and 23, respectively, between the data obtained at La Tour du Valat (July 1988 to June 1989) and those at Pirio (March 1996 to March 1997); such a decrease cannot be the consequence of either a reduction in emissions in Europe as a whole (the factor being at most 4), or the distance from the emission sources. Hence, we can confirm that Zn and Cd fluxes at La Tour du Valat and Zn fluxes at Cap Ferrat were not representative of a long-range transport to the Mediterranean but the result of a local/regional contamination. The large decrease observed for metals (Cd, Zn, and Pb) mainly mobilized by human activities, results from a combination of the actual diminution of the concentrations due to a reduction in the emissions and the occurrence of local/regional contamination for some elements at some sampling sites.
Sampleite from Jingemia Cave, Western Australia

Summary Sampleite from Jingemia Cave, Watheroo (30° 16′ S. 116° 00° E.), 190 km north of Perth, Western Australia is derived from the alteration of copper sulphides in contact with guano deposits. Associated minerals are atacamite, weddellite, and gypsum on goethite and manganese-oxide-coated friable quartz rock. Birnessite, halite, dolomite, taranakite, todorokite, apatite, and malachite are also present. The sampleite occurs as platy spheroidal aggregates to 0·3 mm with D 3·20±0·01, α 1·625 ∥ [010], β and γ 1·674, all ±0·002, α Turquoise Green 41d to Light Blue-Green 39d, β and γ Benzol Green 41 to Venice Green 41b, absorption α < β = γ, 2V α 5–10°. Chemical analyses are given. Cu3(PO4)2·3H2O, a corrosion product reported on artifacts, is believed to be sampleite. A further occurrence of sampleite has been recorded from Brookton, 120 km ESE. of Perth. The structurally related mineral lavendulan has been reported from five Western Australian localities.
Variations of elastic plate thickness at continental thrust belts

After examining 15 reliable estimates of the elastic thickness of the lithosphere where it underthrusts mountain belts in Europe, Asia, and the Americas, we conclude that the strength of continental lithosphere as a function of depth must be very different from that of oceanic lithosphere. Depending on the state of stress, continental lithosphere may be either very much stronger or very much weaker than would be predicted for oceanic lithosphere of the same thermal age. We explain this observation as the result of two competing effects: a thicker thermal plate beneath the continents which allows a deeper elastic/ductile transition for plates more than 100 million years old, and a low activation energy for ductile creep in the continental crust which leads to massive failure of the upper elastic lithosphere at high bending stresses. The 100+ -km values for elastic plate thickness of billion-year-old lithosphere require a thermal plate thickness of at least 250 km. The magnitude of apparent thinning of the elastic plate at high stress is consistent with that calculated from a simple yield envelope which includes a ductile zone in the lower crust. The low yield strength of continental materials leads to correlations between effective elastic plate thickness and all of the following: dip of the underthrust plate; radius of curvature of the thrust front in map view; and total length of the mountain belt. Using insight derived from laboratory experiments on the buckling of spherical shells and drawing analogies with the geophysical characteristics of oceanic subduction zones, we arrive at the following sequence of causes and effects. The primary variable is the dip of the downgoing plate, presumably prescribed by its own excess mass and pressure exerted by dynamic flow in the mantle. Where this dip is steep, the rigidity of the plate is weakened due to inelastic yielding. The weakened plate can then buckle at small wavelengths into short, arcuate mountain belts. Thus we believe that the mantle ultimately controls the pattern of surface tectonics, but that the nonelastic rheology of the lithosphere is the mechanism by which that control is imposed.
ASPECTS OF SEEDLING PRODUCTION OF Clathrotropis brunnea Amshoff, A THREATENED LEGUME TREE FROM COLOMBIAN RAINFORESTS

Seedling production is crucial to assist restoration and conservation practices of tropical rainforest species. In the present study, we evaluated seedling production of Clathrotropis brunnea Amshoff, a legume tree native to tropical forests of Colombia. Seedling emergence parameters were assessed regarding two classes of seed mass (small seeds < 6.0 g and large seeds > 6.1 g) and tree levels of seed moisture content (control, 30% and 25%). Initial growth was evaluated in two sizes of plastic bags (small: 10 cm diameter x 25 cm height, with a volume of 1,700 cm3, and large: 15 cm x 35 cm and volume of 3,900 cm3), besides tree growth periods in the nursery (170, 205 and 235 days after sowing – DAS). Large seeds provided higher seedlings and reached a greater emergence percentage (93%) compared to the small ones (79%). On average, seeds reached 73% of emergence in the three moisture levels, including when desiccated from 47% in the control (fresh seeds) to 25%. To optimize seedling production and costs, large seeds can be sown in small bags, growing for a minimum of 205 DAS. The in-field performance of the produced seedlings remains to be tested according to these recommendations.
Air Temperature and Anthropogenic Forcing: Insights from the Solid Earth

Abstract Earth’s rotation rate [i.e., length of day (LOD)], the angular momentum of the core (CAM), and surface air temperature (SAT) all have decadal variability. Previous investigators have found that the LOD fluctuations are largely attributed to core–mantle interactions and that the SAT is strongly anticorrelated with the decadal LOD. It is shown here that 1) the correlation among these three quantities exists until 1930, at which time anthropogenic forcing becomes highly significant; 2) correcting for anthropogenic effects, the correlation is present for the full span with a broadband variability centered at 78 yr; and 3) this result underscores the reality of anthropogenic temperature change, its size, and its temporal growth. The cause of this common variability needs to be further investigated and studied. Since temperature cannot affect the CAM or LOD to a sufficient extent, the results favor either a direct effect of Earth’s core-generated magnetic field (e.g., through the modulation of charged-.
Climate Change Impacts on the Hydrology and Biogeochemistry of Arctic Rivers

Robert M. Holmes1, Michael T. Coe1, Greg J. Fiske1, Tatiana Gurtovaya2, James W. McClelland3, Alexander I. Shiklomanov4, Robert G. M. Spencer1, Suzanne E. Tank5, and Alexander V. Zhulidov2 1Woods Hole Research Center, USA 2South Russia Centre for Preparation and Implementation of International Projects, Russia 3Department of Marine Science, The University of Texas at Austin, USA 4Water Systems Analysis Group, Institute for the Study of Earth, Oceans and Space, University of New Hampshire, USA 5Department of Geography, York University, Canada
Statistical analysis of ground‐based chorus observations during geomagnetic storms

Chorus observations from two ground‐based, Antarctic receiving stations are analyzed for a set of geomagnetic storms from 2000 to 2010. Superposed epoch analysis is performed together with statistical hypothesis testing to determine whether the observed quantities (geomagnetic indices, outer belt energetic electron fluxes, and chorus properties) are statistically significantly different as functions of storm phase, storm size, and storm type. Waves generated in the outer dayside magnetosphere and observed on the ground at South Pole Station are suppressed during main phase and are statistically unchanged from random intervals during recovery phase. Waves generated in the inner magnetosphere and observed on the ground at Palmer Station are significantly enhanced during storm main phase and for about 3 days into recovery. During main phase, there are larger enhancements in chorus occurrence, amplitude, and frequency extent as observed at Palmer during larger storms. During recovery phase, there are larger enhancements in chorus occurrence, amplitude, and frequency extent as observed at Palmer during larger storms and during storms where the average rate of electron flux increase, averaged across the outer belt, is higher.
Trace fossils from the type ‘Etcheminian Series’ (Lower Cambrian Ratcliffe Brook Formation), Saint John area, New Brunswick, Canada

Abstract Selected trace fossils from the type section of the ‘Etcheminian Series’ at Hanford Brook are described and illustrated: Helmithoidichnites tenuis Fitch, Monocraterion sp. , Palaeophycus tubularis Hall, Planolites sp. , Psammichnites gigas Matthew, Subphyllochordra? sp. , Taphrhelminthoida dailyi n. sp. , and Taphrhelminthopsis cf. T. circularis Crimes et al. The assemblage has elements comparable to those in other Lower Cambrian sequences. It formed in shallow water settings, is mainly endichnial, and contains systematic, guided meander traces that are generally characteristic of deep-water environments in younger sequences; this may be related to global environmental changes early in the Palaeozoic. The guided meander traces are characterized morphometrically, using an image analyser: the meander systems exhibit a strongly bimodal distribution of morphologic elements, reflecting a well developed taxis (sense for position, direction, and distance) during trace production. The method of morphometric analysis has potential for characterizing trace fossils generally, somewhat like X-ray diffractograms characterize minerals.
Storm-substorm relationship: Contribution of the tail current to

The Dst index has been conventionally used as a measure of the storm intensity, which ideally assumes that the associated ground magnetic disturbance is caused by the ring current. The present study examines the contribution of the tail current to Dst, focusing on the occurrence of geosynchronous dipolarization close to the Dst minimum, in other words, the start of the storm recovery phase. The Sym-H (referred to as Dst(Sym-H) hereafter) index rather than the conventional Dst index is used because of its higher time resolution (1 min). For the June 1998 storm event, dipolarization started at two GOES satellites and the Geotail satellite in the near-Earth tail when Dst(Sym-H) reached its minimum. This result indicates that the source current was located outside of geosynchronous orbit, and therefore the recovery of Dst(Sym-H) can be attributed to the reduction of the tail current rather than the decay of the ring current. A statistical study based on 59 storm events (79 GOES events) confirms the tendency for geosynchronous magnetic field to dipolarize at the Dst(Sym-H) minimum. It is therefore highly likely that the Dst(Sym-H) minimum is misidentified as the start of the ring current (storm) decay at a time when the ring current may actually be intensifying owing to substorm-associated injection. From the magnitude of the Dst(Sym-H) recovery during the interval of geosynchronous dipolarization, the contribution of the tail current to Dst(Sym-H) at the Dst(Sym-H) minimum is estimated to be 20–25%. However, the contribution of the tail current may be even larger because the tail current may not return to preintensification levels and may continue to contribute to Dst(Sym-H) after dipolarization. The trigger of dipolarization (substorm) and the subsequent recovery of Dst(Sym-H) tend to take place in the course of the reduction of the southward interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) BZ. It is therefore suggested that the ring current (storm) recovers after the substorm since the magnetospheric convection weakens because of weaker southward IMF BZ.
Quantifying placebo and nocebo responses: A narrative review of implications for clinical practice and research in psychiatry

The placebo and nocebo effects are commonly understood as the patients’ responses to treatment in accordance with their positive or negative expectations, respectively, regarding their health. Such treatments involve substances or interventions with no known inherent effects on the studied condition, but which nonetheless may have a discernible effect on the condition’s presentation and evolution. Their influence on clinical outcomes confront practitioners with often underestimated therapeutic tools and challenges whose applicability are subject to ethical debate. Furthermore, placebos play a crucial part in our current understanding of therapeutic efficacy and in the development of novel interventions. This narrative review aims to present a brief exposition of the roles that placebo and nocebo effects play in psychiatric clinical practice and research.
Mg/Ca ratios of the benthic foraminifera Oridorsalis umbonatus obtained by laser ablation from core top sediments: Relationship to bottom water temperature

A laser ablation system connected to an inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer was used to determine Mg/Ca ratios of the benthic foraminifera Oridorsalis umbonatus. A set of modern core top samples collected along a depth transect on the continental slope off Namibia (320–2300 m water depth; 2.9° to 10.4°C) was used to calibrate the Mg/Ca ratio against bottom water temperature. The resulting Mg/Ca–bottom water temperature relationship of O. umbonatus is described by the exponential equation Mg/Ca = 1.528*e0.09*BWT. The temperature sensitivity of this equation is similar to previously published calibrations based on Cibicidoides species, suggesting that the Mg/Ca ratio of O. umbonatus is a valuable proxy for thermocline and deep water temperature.