Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The ability to experience mixed emotions in children aged 5 to 10 years

The main aim of this study was to examine children? s ability to verbally report experiencing allocentric mixed emotions in 60 children aged 5 to 10 years from three age groups - preschool, second and fourth grade. Five short video-clips from the animated movie ? Dumbo? , in which the protagonist experiences mixed emotions, were used as a stimulus in the study, followed by an interview with the children, while their parents completed the Empathy Quotient questionnaire to assess the child's empathy. The results showed a developmental progression in children? s ability to experience mixed emotions - the fourth-grade students were shown to be more successful compared to the two younger groups. Age was a statistically significant predictor of experiencing mixed emotions, whereas empathy was not. Gender differences in experiencing mixed emotions were not found, but there was a difference in the dynamics of the development of this ability between the genders. Findings were interpreted from a developmental-cognitive perspective, according to which the ability to integrate opposite valence emotions, as two conceptually different representation sets, develops with age.
A Comparative Analysis of the Zambian Senior Secondary History Examination between the Old and Revised Curriculum using Blooms Taxonomy

ABSTRACT IThe 2013 Education reform in Zambia is one of the significant changes that brought about a shift in assessment. To understand the changes that have taken place in the 2013 revised curriculum, and to determine the claims by the Ministry of General Education that the revised curriculum is based on higher order thinking, this study evaluated the Examination Council of Zambia's Grade 12 History examination past papers. Qualitative content analysis was used as a research method and document study. A descriptive content analysis style was used to describe the occurrence of the coding categories of analysis precisely. Content analysis was used to make replicable and valid inferences by interpreting and coding textual material in the Grade 12 examination questions. The sample for this research comprised of 10 History examination papers from the new curriculum and old curriculum which were purposively selected. The findings of the study suggested that the analysed exam papers lacked the higher-level cognitive skills contained in Bloom's taxonomy. It is recommended that examiners follow the guidelines for setting an Outcome-Based Assessment so that they can achieve the intended goals of learning for learners. Keywords: Bloom's Taxonomy; History; exam questions; Assessment; Outcome Based Assessment and Outcome Based Curriculum/ Education.
Adaptive Disturbance Observer-Based Novel Fixed-Time Nonsingular Terminal Sliding-Mode Control for a Class of DoF Nonlinear Systems

In this article,we study a novel fixed-time tracking controller for a class of degree-of-freedom nonlinear systems with mismatched and matched perturbations. A modified fixed-time stable system (FTSS) is first proposed, which has an advantage in convergence rate over the existing results. Moreover, an adaptive version of fixed-time disturbance observer (DO) is established to eliminate the requirement for prior knowledge of the perturbation bounds. Based on the aforementioned FTSS and DO, a new fixed-time terminal sliding-mode surface with singularity circumvention is constructed. Then, a novel composite tracking controller is designed, which can guarantee the tracking errors to converge to zero within the fixed time. The stabilities of both the DO and the resulting closed-loop systems are rigorously proved by the Lyapunov theorem. Simulation results of two representative examples demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed approach.
Comparison of Serum Levels of Osteoprotegerin, Insulin, Triglyceride, and Cholesterol in Obese and Non-obese Children

Background: Childhood obesity is associated with cardiovascular risk factors including dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, hypertension, and atherosclerosis. Some studies have also shown that mortality in obese people is higher than in other non-obese people. Due to the prevalence of obesity and the need to investigate the causes of atherosclerosis, insulin resistance and other related disorders, we tried to assess the serum levels of osteoprotein, insulin, triglycerides and cholesterol in obese and non-obese children. Methods: In this case-control study, we randomly selected 76 students aged 12-18 years in Birjand schools in 2019 and stratified them into obese and overweight groups as the case arm and non-obese groups as the control arm. We used a “Secca” height-weight scale with an accuracy of 50 grams and 0.1 cm to measure the children’s height and weight. The children’s venous blood samples were collected and the sera were isolated. The following kits were licensed in Germany and made in China: The Roche kit for cholesterol, triglyceride, and glucose, the Diametra kit for insulin, and the Eastbiopharm kit for osteoprotegerin. For analyses of data, independent t-test, Mann-Whitney and Chi-square test were used. The significance level for all the test was less than 5%. Results: Both case and control groups were similar in terms of age and sex (P>0.05). The mean serum levels of triglycerides, cholesterol, insulin, and glucose in the case group were significantly higher than in the control group (p <0.05). The mean osteoprotegerin level was significantly lower in the case group than in the control group (p <0.05). Conclusion: Obese children have a higher risk of developing atherosclerosis, insulin resistance, and other metabolic disorders.
Scale‐Bridging in Three‐Dimensional Fracture Networks: Characterizing the Effects of Variable Fracture Apertures on Network‐Scale Flow Channelization

We incorporate observations of real fracture aperture variability observed in laboratory experiments into an ensemble of three‐dimensional discrete fracture network (DFN) simulations to characterize how variations of this micro‐scale feature can influence flow and transport behavior at the network scale. A shear fracture is created within a Marcellus shale sample, and the fracture aperture is measured using a triaxial direct‐shear device coupled with real‐time X‐ray imaging at in‐situ stress conditions. We construct an ensemble of fracture networks based on natural fractures in Marcellus shale and project regions of the experimental aperture field onto each fracture in the networks. Our calculations demonstrate that the degree of flow channelization, a network‐scale flow field structure, is dramatically increased by local changes in the aperture field that in turn affects flow and transport properties.
Corporate Governance and Corporate Reputation: The Role of Environmental and Social Reporting Quality

Corporate reputation is companies’ most valuable asset as it can position them to gain competitive advantages that lead to sustainable performance. Therefore, understanding the factors that influence corporate reputation is vital for a company’s survival. The study objectives were to investigate the effects of corporate governance and the quality of environmental and social reporting on corporate reputation. Additionally, this study examined the role of environmental and social reporting quality on the relationship between these two variables. This study used secondary data collected from multiple sources such as the Thomson Data Stream database and annual reports of publicly listed Malaysian companies between 2017 and 2018. The results showed that corporate governance effectiveness and environmental and social reporting quality positively influence corporate reputation. Additionally, the quality of environmental and social reporting mediates the relationship between corporate governance and corporate reputation. This study bridges research gaps by providing evidence for the impact of effective corporate governance, specifically board diversity, on corporate reputation in Malaysia. The findings can help companies to establish criteria and qualifications for the appointment of new board members. The members must have the right combination of skills, knowledge, experience and independent elements that enable them to make decisions to meet companies’ objectives.
Effects of Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2 and Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Genes on Cardiac Remodeling in Rats with Heart Failure

To investigate the effects of angiotensin converting enzyme 2 and angiotensin converting enzyme genes on the cardiac remodeling process in heart failure rats. 38 rats were randomly divided into sham-operated group (S group), heart failure group (H group) and heart failure exercise group (HE group). An incremental load exercise test was used to determine the maximum running speed of the HE group, while the S and H groups maintained their daily activities. The cardiac structure and function and the pathological changes were compared. Compared with S group, body weight, left ventricular internal diameter at diastole, fractional shortening, left ventricular ejection fraction, myocytes and angiotensin converting enzyme/ angiotensin converting enzyme 2 ratio were decreased while left ventricular weight, left ventricular mass index, ventricular anterior wall diameter at diastole, left ventricular anterior wall diameter at systole, left ventricular posterior wall diameter at diastole, left ventricular posterior wall diameter at systole, atrial natriuretic factor, angiotensin-I, angiotensin-II, messenger RNA and angiotensin converting enzyme, angiotensin converting enzyme 2, transforming growth factor beta protein levels and collagen fibers (i.e. collagen volume fraction) were increased in H group (p<0.05). Compared with H group, left ventricular weight, left ventricular mass index, left ventricular internal diameter at diastole, fractional shortening, left ventricular ejection fraction, myocytes were increased while collagen volume fraction, atrial natriuretic factor, angiotensin-I, angiotensin-II, messenger RNA and angiotensin converting enzyme, angiotensin converting enzyme 2, transforming growth factor beta protein levels were reduced and angiotensin converting enzyme/angiotensin converting enzyme 2 ratio were decreased (p<0.05). Long-term aerobic exercise attenuated myocardial fibrosis and improved cardiac function by inhibiting collagen synthesis and promoting its degradation and cardiac remodeling was inhibited and improved by a mechanism that may be related to partial restoration of angiotensin converting enzyme 2/angiotensin converting enzyme signalling function.
Native American Students

Library Instruction for Diverse Populations Bibliography Updated 2013 Adams, Tina M. , and R. Sean Evans. 2005. “Educating the Educators: Outreach to the College of Education Distance Faculty and Native American Students. ” Journal of Library Administration 41 (1-2):3-18. Although the focus of this article is on outreach, the authors provide a detailed summary of the Native American population at Northern Arizona University in addition to limitations and best practices in delivering library instruction to Native American distance learners, including cultural awareness, cultural sensitivity and individual and group learning styles.
Brain Plasticity and the Idea of the Functional System

The paper shows that the idea of brain plasticity underpins Luria’s theory of the functional system and his approach to diagnosis and rehabilitation of brain-damaged patients. Although the functional system is frequently quoted in neuropsychological literature its important facets are as a rule overlooked or misunderstood. First of all, the functional system is not only composed of various often quite distant brain structures but it undergoes changes in accord with the arriving circumstances including chances and difficulties encountered by a given person. Accordingly, these alternations may be positive or may be enforced by brain diseases, which results in performing a particular function in different ways. The notion of neuroplasticity was also incorporated in the works of Luria on development and culture. It should be noted that he stressed the role of social factors in the evolvement of cognitive processes with special emphasis put on social means of which he considered language to play the most important role. Luria argued that the use of these tools results in alternations in the structure and flow of mental functions both in children and in adults. It was exemplified in his experiments with twins and with inhabitants of remote villages in Central Asia. All his ideas have found confirmation in contemporary studies. First, all mental processes depend upon the interconnections between neural clusters of changing patterns depending upon the nature of the task performed and the life experience of an individual. Second, the brain works depend to a considerable degree upon the organism as a whole a well as a social environment, which many authors link with the emergence and functioning of the mind. Third, the approach to diagnosis and remediation techniques that takes into account the feelings and life story of the patient is nowadays accepted not only in dealing with brain-damaged patients but also in the case of other disorders. Also, those traditionally labeled as somatic. In addition, we observe the revival of case studies in the scientific literature.
Content analysis of the nature of science on elementary thematic textbooks 2013 curriculum

The 2013 curriculum thematic learning book is used as the primary textbook in thematic learning in elementary schools. This study aims to describe the Nature of Science (NOS) content in the book. This study used a descriptive quantitative research design with the research objects are thematic learning textbooks for 2013 curriculum elementary school students from grades 1-6. Data were collected through observation techniques using a research instrument that contains the analysis of the aspects of the NOS. The data are analyzed through grouping, scoring, determining the validity and reliability, then describing and drawing conclusions. The results showed that the level of content of the NOS in the thematic learning books of the 2013 curriculum elementary school students was 12%, so that it could be categorized as significantly less. These data illustrate that the aspects of the NOS in thematic books already exist but have not been fully presented explicitly, correctly, entirely, and consistently.
Fuzzy Secure Control for Nonlinear $N$-D Parabolic PDE-ODE Coupled Systems Under Stochastic Deception Attacks

This article focuses on the design of fuzzy secure control for a class of coupled systems, which are modeled by a nonlinear <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$N$</tex-math></inline-formula>-dimensional (<inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$N$</tex-math></inline-formula>-D) parabolic partial differential equation (PDE) subsystem and an ordinary differential equation (ODE) subsystem. Under stochastic deception attacks, a fuzzy secure control scheme is designed, which is effective to tolerate the attacks and ensure the desired performance for the considered systems. A new fuzzy-dependent Poincare–Wirtinger’s inequality (PWI) is proposed. Compared with the traditional Poincare’s inequality, the fuzzy-dependent PWI is more flexible and less conservative. Meanwhile, an augmented Lyapunov–Krasovskii functional (LKF) is newly constructed, which strengthens the correlations of the PDE subsystem and ODE subsystem. Then, on the ground of the fuzzy-dependent PWI and the augmented LKF, new exponential stabilization criteria are set up for the PDE-ODE coupled systems. Finally, a hypersonic rocket car is presented to verify the effectiveness and less conservatism of the obtained results.
Plastic deformation and fracture processes in metal/graphene composites: a review

Abstract We provide a survey of the results of recent experiments, molecular dynamics simulations and theoretical models concerning the plastic deformation and fracture processes in metal-matrix composites reinforced with graphene platelets or graphene nanoribbons. We consider homogeneous metal/graphene composites with randomly oriented and aligned graphene platelets, as well as laminated metal/graphene composites. The focus of the review will be on the strengthening and strain hardening mechanisms of the composites and the results of modeling the processes of their plastic deformation and strength properties. We examine in detail the effects of the inclusion dimensions, characteristics of interfaces, and the presence of buffer layers between the metal matrix and graphene on strength and ductility of metal/graphene composites. We critically review various theories of strengthening of such composites and discuss the contradictory results that these theories predict. In addition, various plastic deformation and fracture processes, including dislocation interaction with graphene inclusions, grain and lamella boundaries, self-healing of the composites, and crack generation and growth, will be examined, and the influence of these processes on the mechanical properties of metal/graphene composites will be discussed. We demonstrate that the excellent mechanical properties of metal/graphene composites are related to their unique microstructure and the variety of strengthening and strain hardening mechanisms. We also discuss the effect of the bimodal grain size distribution of the metallic matrix on their strength and ductility. The summary will outline the conclusions and briefly highlight unresolved issues and prospects for further research.
Possibilities of using virtual space as a resource for implementation of social initiatives

Background: The publication highlights the features of experimental research on the use of cyberspace as a resource for training future social workers to implement social initiatives on a voluntary basis during the risks associated with the spread of the Covid-19 pandemic. Possibilities of using virtual space in the social sphere are analyzed. Purpose: To determine the possibilities of using cyberspace for the implementation of social initiatives and training of social workers in the context of the spread of social risks. Materials and Methods: The study used methods of observation and oral questioning of higher education students, as well as content analysis of the activity of users of virtual space. Results: Important components of the professional characteristics of a modern social worker who provides social services in the context of the spread of social risks in modern society are identified. Emphasis is placed on the content characteristics of the created virtual space and the possibilities of its application in the social and educational activities of a social worker with various vulnerable groups (orphans and children deprived of parental care, people with special educational needs, single elderly and senior citizens, also young people in conflict with the law, families in difficult life circumstances, etc.). The need to take into account when creating an adaptive professional-oriented space features of different age and social characteristics of both recipients of social services and their providers significantly increases its socio-cultural capabilities and contributes to the preservation and strengthening (social, psychological and spiritual) components of the health of all actors who interact in this space. Conclusions: Provided are the results of the study of the impact of cyberspace on motivation of the interest of future specialists in the social field to carry out the relevant professional activity, as well as opportunities to ensure the development of their professional competence in this area of professional activity.
Understanding College Students Perceptions of “What is Sex”?

Background: While there is strong consensus that vaginal and anal intercourse both constitute “having sex”, there is far less agreement about other sexual behaviors which also increased risk. The purpose of this report is to examine responses regarding which sexual interactions are classified as “having sex” by university students. Methods: We completed a cross-sectional survey of 1991 college students at 2 universities using a self-administered questionnaire during 2010 and 2011. The main dependent variable examined dichotomous responses to a series of 11 items regarding whether respondents considered various sexual behaviors as “sex. ” Results: Penile-vaginal intercourse and penile-anal intercourse was endorsed as “sex” by 94% and 76% of respondents, respectively. Receiving oral-genital contact from a and providing oral-genital contact to another person were both classified as “sex” by about 45% of college students. Less than 25% of respondents reported that other behaviors including touching/fondling genitals, deep kissing, oral contact with breasts, or touching breasts represented “sex”. Conclusions: Given the ambiguous definitions of what constitutes “sex” among young adults, these findings underscore the need to use explicit behavior-specific terminology in sexual health promotion, research, educational and clinical settings to clearly communicate risk.
Exploring the Societal Burden of Endometriosis on Women: a Metaethnography

Background: Endometriosis affects between 1% to 10% of women worldwide; it is associated with a significant burden on the woman, her relationships, productivity, mental health, family and society. Aim:To contribute to the current understanding of the impact of endometriosis on women’s lives by integrating qualitative research findings to explore the illness experiences of women living with endometriosis. Study design:Synthesis of qualitative data using Britten’s meta-ethnography.Methods:Six bibliographic databases (Medline, Embase, CINAHL, Web of Science, Scopus and PsycINFO) and Google Scholar were searched for peer-reviewed papers published in English language from inception of until August 6th 2021. Results: Fifteen studies were included in the data synthesis. The review included a total of 354 women from fourteen countries (including South Africa, Iran, England, Australia and United States of America), of age range 16-78 years. Subjects represented diverse ethnicities, cultures and native languages distributed across socioeconomic classes. Representation of all stages of endometriosis was included.Findings incorporate the following nine categories into a conceptual model: disease symptoms; health services experience; isolation and limited social participation; limited physical functioning; a coterie of emotions; sex and intimate relationships; infertility; work life and education; coping strategies and support. Diagnostic delays, persistent symptoms, healthcare costs and inadequate education to patients about the disease; all intersect into a web of struggles and incoherence for patients. Conclusion:Women with endometriosis living in various countries report similar illness experiences; although gender roles, culture and socio-economic status may act as mediating factors that shape an individual’s illness experience.
Post-translational Modifications of the p53 Protein and the Impact in Alzheimer’s Disease: A Review of the Literature

Our understanding of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) pathogenesis has developed with several hypotheses over the last 40 years, including the Amyloid and Tau hypotheses. More recently, the p53 protein, well-known as a genome guardian, has gained attention for its potential role in the early evolution of AD. This is due to the central involvement of p53’s in the control of oxidative stress and potential involvement in the Amyloid and Tau pathways. p53 is commonly regulated by post-translational modifications (PTMs), which affect its conformation, increasing its capacity to adopt multiple structural and functional states, including those that can affect brain processes, thus contributing to AD development. The following review will explore the impact of p53 PTMs on its function and consequential involvement in AD pathogenesis. The greater understanding of the role of p53 in the pathogenesis of AD could result in more targeted therapies benefiting the many patients of this debilitating disease.