Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect of Plant Population on Yield of Selected Maize (Zea mays L.) Varieties in Mwea and Bura in Kenya

The objective of the study was to determine the effect of plant population on the growth and yield of maize. The study was conducted during the short rainy season of December 2018 and April 2019 in Mwea, Kirinyaga County and Bura, Tana River County, in Kenya. An experiment was set in a split-split plot design with three replications. Five selected maize (Zea mays) varieties commonly grown in these areas namely: Pioneer, DH04, Sungura, SC Duma and DH02 were grown under three plant population densities namely: 53,333, 66,666 and 88,888 plants ha -1 under irrigated conditions. Cob length, ear height, plant height, above ground biomass and grain yield data was collected. Plant population had significant effects on the grain yield and yield components of the selected maize varieties. The plant population of 53,333 plants ha -1 gave significantly higher above ground biomass in Mwea than population of 88,888 plants ha, though not significantly different from population of 66,666 plants ha -1 . In Bura, the plant population of 88,888 plants ha -1 gave significantly higher above ground biomass than that of 66,666 and 53,333 plants ha -1 respectively. An increase in plant population reduced the grain yield of the selected maize varieties but increased the above ground biomass of the varieties. Short Research Article Aleri et al.; IJPSS, 33(4): 32-40, 2021; Article no.IJPSS. 65857 33
Swallowing dysfunction in patients hospitalised due to a COPD exacerbation

Objectives This cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the prevalence of self-reported and clinically screened swallowing dysfunction (dysphagia) in COPD patients with severe exacerbations and to identify any associated factors. Findings were then compared to a control group. Methods Participants included 30 patients hospitalised due to a COPD exacerbation. The control group consisted of 30 adults hospitalised with acute cardiac symptoms. Data were derived from spirometry, the 150 mL timed water swallow test, a cookie swallow test and a dyspnoea questionnaire (modified Medical Research Council (mMRC)). Scores from the 10-item Eating Assessment Tool (EAT-10) were calculated to assess patient perception of swallowing dysfunction. Results Self-reported swallowing dysfunction and clinical signs thereof were more common in COPD patients than in the control group (67% versus 23% and 80% versus 37%, respectively; p≤0.001). Clinical signs of swallowing dysfunction in the group with acute exacerbation of COPD were associated with self-reported swallowing dysfunction (p=0.02) and xerostomia (p=0.04). Dyspnoea (mMRC ≥2) was more common among the COPD patients (90% versus 47%, p<0.001). There was a significant negative correlation between lung function and self-reported dysphagia (r=−0.39, p=0.03), but not between lung function and clinically screened dysphagia (r=−0.23, p=0.21). Conclusion COPD patients hospitalised with an acute exacerbation experienced significantly more self-reported and clinically screened swallowing dysfunction compared to a control group of patients with cardiac symptoms. Both patient groups experienced dyspnoea, but it was twice as common in the group with acute exacerbation of COPD. Both groups also experienced xerostomia. Patients hospitalised with #AECOPD experienced significantly more self-reported and clinically screened swallowing dysfunction compared to a control group https://bit.ly/32awLkx
Orientation Control of Large-Grained Si Films on Insulators by Thickness-Modulated Al-Induced Crystallization

The thickness-modulated Al-induced crystallization technique enables us to control the orientation of polycrystalline Si films on insulators. The amorphous Si film on a SiO2 substrate was crystallized at a low temperature (425 °C) through the layer exchange between Si and catalytic Al layers. Electron backscattering diffraction (EBSD) measurements revealed that the crystal orientation of the grown Si layer varied significantly depending on the Al/Si thickness: The [111]-orientation fraction reached 97% for the 50-nm-thick sample and the [100]-orientation fraction 88% for the 200-nm-thick sample. This mechanism was discussed in terms of the heterogeneous nucleation energy. The 50-nm-thick sample provided the maximum Si grain-size as large as 68-μm diameters. These large-grained Si films with controlled-orientations are promising epitaxial templates for advanced Si-based thin-film solar cells.
Competing discourses and cultural intelligibility: Familicide, gender and the mental illness/distress frame in news

Familicide – the killing of a partner and child(ren) – is a rare and complex crime that, when it occurs, receives intense media coverage. However, despite growing scholarly attention to filicide in the news, little research to date has looked at how familicide is represented. Situated at the intersection of filicide, intimate partner homicide and very often suicide, how the knotty and confronting issue of familicide is reported on is telling of the discourses available to understand complex forms of family violence. In this article, we argue that reporting on familicide mirrors broader feminist concerns about the tendency to frame fatal family violence at the hands of men in individualised terms – often as driven by mental illness – at the expense of an accounting of gender and power. Here, we seek to elaborate on and contextualise what we call the mental illness/distress frame as part of the broader tendency towards psychocentrism. This is amplified in cases of familicide where cultural signifiers for the increasingly publicly conceived of issue of ‘domestic violence’ are often not apparent, leading to popularised psychological explanations to be assumed. The mental health/distress frame operates not only to obscure the role of gender and power in domestic and family violence; it obscures the connection between gender, mental distress and violence, naturalising (and gender-neutralising) mental distress and violence as a response to it. We argue that intersecting discourses – of gender, age, disability and the heterosexual nuclear family, for instance – operate in important ways to suggest, support and rationalise this frame. We illustrate these ideas through a detailed case study analysis of news reporting on a case of familicide in Sydney, Australia.
Carrier and phonon transport control by domain engineering for high-performance transparent thin film thermoelectric generator

We develop transparent epitaxial SnO2 films with low thermal conductivity and high carrier mobility by domain engineering using the substrates with low symmetry: intentional control of the domain size and the defect density between crystal domains. The epitaxial SnO2 films on r-Al2O3 (a low symmetry substrate) exhibit a twice higher mobility than the epitaxial SnO2 films on c-Al2O3 (a high symmetry substrate), resulting in twice larger thermoelectric power factor in the SnO2 films on r-Al2O3. This mobility difference is likely attributed to the defect density between crystal domains. Furthermore, both samples exhibit almost the same thermal conductivities (∼5.1 ± 0.4 W m−1 K−1 for SnO2/r-Al2O3 sample and ∼5.5 ± 1.0 W m−1 K−1 for SnO2/c-Al2O3 sample), because their domain sizes are almost the same. The uni-leg type film thermoelectric power generator composed of the domain-engineered SnO2 film generates the maximum power density of ∼54 μW m−2 at the temperature difference of 20 K. This demonstrates that a transparent film thermoelectric power generator based on the domain engineering is promising to run some internet of things sensors in our human society.
Second-generation mother-to-child HIV transmission in South Africa is characterized by poor outcomes

Objective: The worldwide incidence of pregnancy for women living with perinatal HIV infection is increasing. Subsequently, there is growing risk of second-generation mother-to-child HIV transmission. The infant clinical outcomes for such a phenomenon have yet to be described. Design: As part of a wider observational study in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, six infants with in-utero HIV infection were identified as being born to mothers with perinatal HIV infection. Methods: Blood results and clinical data were collected in the first 3 years of life. In two cases, sample availability allowed confirmation by phylogenetic analysis of grandmother-to-mother-to-child HIV transmission. Results: Outcomes were poor in all six cases. All six mothers had difficulty administering twice daily combination antiretroviral therapy to their infants due to difficulties with acceptance, disclosure, poor health and being themselves long-term nonprogressors. Nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor-resistant virus was detected in all mothers tested. None of the infants maintained suppression of viraemia on combination antiretroviral therapy. One infant died, and another was lost to follow-up. Conclusion: As the numbers of second-generation mother-to-child transmissions increase, it is important to highlight that this mother–infant dyad represents an extremely vulnerable group. In order for them to survive and thrive, these infants’ mothers require their specific needs to be addressed and given intensive support.
Analysis of adolescent satisfaction with the quality of their physical education classes

A lack of movement in adolescence is a pressing issue for modern society. Physical education at school can have a major influence on the movement habits of adolescents, since it can offer curriculum that gives students ideas for leisure time while entertaining them and also respecting physical fitness goals. The aim of this work is to analyze student satisfaction with physical education classes at secondary vocational schools.Categories were created based on week-long monitoring of walking. Based on the number of steps, students were divided into four categories: active girls/boys and hypoactive girls/boys. In another part of the study, the students filled out the questionnaire created by Antala et al. (2012). Responses to questions regarding questions about unpopular activities, dread of specific activities, and more frequent inclusion of specific activities in PE classes. A χ2 independence test was used to compare data between individual student categories in the combination table.The health recommendations for minimum daily number of steps are met by 65.4% of boys and 75.8% of girls aged 15–16 years. Chi-squared test showed the greatest difference in satisfaction with physical education (P-value <0.001) between the hypoactive groups of students. Hypoactive boys are significantly more satisfied with the activities in PE class than hypoactive girls. Dread is more often present among girls than boys and is particularly associated with gymnastics. Activities that students wanted to do more often included ball games (football for boys, volleyball for girls), strength training (listed by 32% of hypoactive boys) and exercise to music (listed by 49% of hypoactive girls). We believe that the proper choice of PE activities can increase the popularity of the class, and thus influence the exercise habits of adolescents, including those who are found to have insufficient physical activity.
A study on the dissolution kinetics of iron oxide leaching from clays by oxalic acid

Clay is widely used in a number of industries due to its special properties like fine particle size, brightness and whiteness, chemical inertness, platy structure, etc. In this study, the general characteristics of clays have been investigated by XRF, XRD, FT-IR, TG-DTA and SEM. The presence of iron as an impurity decreases its commercial value due to giving unwanted colors to clay mineral. Therefore, the dissolution capacity of clay ore was investigated by oxalic acid leaching. Under optimized leaching conditions (0.8 M oxalic acid concentration, 85°C reaction temperature, 1.75 ambient pH, 106+75 μm particle size, 15% w/v solids concentration and 150 min. leaching time) with 250 rpm stirring, 83.90% of Fe2O3 was removed. The amount of iron oxide, the main impurity in the clay, has been reduced from 2.70 to 0.40%. The iron dissolution kinetics was mainly controlled by internal diffusion control of shrinking core model and activation energy, Ea, of 26.29 kJ/mol was obtained for the process. The results also showed that the studied clays have adequate characteristics for ceramics industry, earthenware and porcelain production.
Studies on the Chemical Constituents from Leaves of Avicennia marina

AIM:To study the chemical constituents from the leaves of Avicennia marina METHOD:The compounds were isolated on silica gel and Sephadex LH 20 gel column,and their structures were identified by extensive spectral analysis RESULT: Ten compounds were isolated from leaves of Avicennia marina On the basis of spectroscopic analysis,their structures were identified as: avicequinone B(Ⅰ),avicequinone C(Ⅱ),5 hydroxy 4′7 dimethoxyflavone(Ⅲ),quercetin(Ⅳ),kaempferol(Ⅴ),lupeol(Ⅵ),betulin(Ⅶ),β sitosterol(Ⅷ),ergost 6,22 diene 5,8 epidioxy 3β ol(Ⅸ),and P methoxy cinnamic acid(Ⅹ) CONCLUSION: Compounds Ⅴ Ⅹ were isolated from this plant for the first time
Experiment and Modeling to Evaluate the Effect
of Total Solid on Biogas Production from
the Anaerobic Co-Digestion of Tofu Liquid
Waste and Rice Straw

Anaerobic co-digestion of tofu liquid waste and rice straw is an impressive study as the mixture of both wastes produced substrates with ideal total solid content. This study aims to analyze the effect of rice straw addition (0,1,3,5 and 7 g) to 250 mL tofu liquid waste on biogas yield. The rice straw addition resulted different variations of total solid which were 1.36, 1.67, 2.28, 2.89 and 3.49% w/w respectively. The increase in total solid content from 1.36 to 2.89% w/w, proportionally increased biogas yield from 58.66 to 130.44 mL/g TS. However, with total solid of 3.49% w/w, biogas yield would be decreased to 78.38 mL/g TS. Furthermore, the more the biogas yield was obtained, the more the total solid was removed. Biogas evolution profile followed the stepped curve and it was successfully modeled through double modified Gompertz models. The predicted optimum TS level to produce the highest amount of biogas yield (239.63 mL/g TS), after mixing with the total solid value of 3.14% w/w was successfully calculated through the Ratkowsky model.
Men and Their Moments: Character-Driven Ethnography and Interaction Analysis in a Park Basketball Rule Dispute

Both conversation-analytic and ethnographic studies of interaction tend to isolate situated conduct from the full biographical context that is meaningful to actors. This article argues that there are good analytic reasons to recover some of that biographical context by incorporating character-driven ethnographic representation within interactionist research. I make this case in reference to a rule dispute captured on video during an ethnography of a public park basketball game. Through a biographically contextualized analysis of players’ situated conduct, I show how character representation allows unspoken threads of actors’ lives to become analytic resources. Incorporating biographical context also opens a methodological path for interactionists to leverage the close-up study of situated encounters for empirical claims about broader forms of social organization. In this case, I argue that character-driven representation allows for an analysis that identifies rule disputes as an interactional mechanism of socially integrative park use.
Multi-wavelength Thulium-Doped Fiber Laser Via a Polarization-Maintaining Sagnac loop Mirror With a Theta-Shaped Configuration

A modified polarization-maintaining Sagnac loop mirror is proposed, and the simulated transmission spectrum of the proposed filter is in accordance with experimental transmission spectrum. Based on the proposed filter, a multi-wavelength thulium-doped fiber laser is constructed and experimentally demonstrated. The stable multi-wavelength oscillation within 60 minutes is achieved through the nonlinear polarization rotation effect enhanced by the highly nonlinear fiber. By fine tuning the polarization state, up to 35 lasing lines are obtained within a 10-dB bandwidth with wavelength separation of ∼1.38 nm at room temperature. The wavelength shift and the output power fluctuation are less than 0.04 nm and 1.69 dB, respectively. In addition, by changing the optical coupling ratio in the Sagnac loop mirror, different outputs with 7, 8, 16 lasing lines are also obtained.
The Use of Sentinel-2 for Chlorophyll-a Spatial Dynamics Assessment: A Comparative Study on Different Lakes in Northern Germany

Eutrophication of inland waters is an environmental issue that is becoming more common with climatic variability. Monitoring of this aquatic problem is commonly based on the chlorophyll-a concentration monitored by routine sampling with limited temporal and spatial coverage. Remote sensing data can be used to improve monitoring, especially after the launch of the MultiSpectral Instrument (MSI) on Sentinel-2. In this study, we compared the estimation of chlorophyll-a (chl-a) from different bio-optical algorithms using hyperspectral proximal remote sensing measurements, from simulated MSI responses and from an MSI image. For the satellite image, we also compare different atmospheric corrections routines before the comparison of different bio-optical algorithms. We used in situ data collected in 2019 from 97 sampling points across 19 different lakes. The atmospheric correction assessment showed that the performances of the routines varied for each spectral band. Therefore, we selected C2X, which performed best for bands 4 (root mean square error—RMSE = 0.003), 5 (RMSE = 0.004) and 6 (RMSE = 0.002), which are usually used for the estimation of chl-a. Considering all samples from the 19 lakes, the best performing chl-a algorithm and calibration achieved a RMSE of 16.97 mg/m3. When we consider only one lake chain composed of meso-to-eutrophic lakes, the performance improved (RMSE: 10.97 mg/m3). This shows that for the studied meso-to-eutrophic waters, we can reliably estimate chl-a concentration, whereas for oligotrophic waters, further research is needed. The assessment of chl-a from space allows us to assess spatial dynamics of the environment, which can be important for the management of water resources. However, to have an accurate product, similar optical water types are important for the overall performance of the bio-optical algorithm.
Global standardization and local adaptation of marketing ---A critical review of the literature

Article history Received: 4 February 2021 Accepted: 24 February 2021 Published Online: 20 April 2021 This paper discusses and critically reviews the causes and consequences of global standardization and local adaptation of marketing strategies. The scope of the literature review is in the fields of international marketing, international trade, and corporate strategic management. It also aims to emphasize finding gaps after reading the literature. Even though the studies’ scope is extensive, this paper limits the reach: firstly, it introduces the standardization and local adaptation, discusses the advantages and disadvantages of both by researchers. At the same time, untangle the relationship between international marketing strategy and marketing mix. Secondly, it is divided into macro and micro to collate and analyze the leading factors affecting international strategy, so that the cross-market fit of global marketing tactic can be realised. Finally, focus on the KPI. The indicators of financial return were selected as the review from the factors representing the intuitive development level of the company. The goal was to concentrate on the mutual feedback and adjustment between the standardization/adaptation and performance of multinational companies. Among them, the diversities between developed and emerging markets are interspersed in each link. As this difference is a trend that scholars have begun to notice in recent years. Although many existed bibliographies are revolved around particular multinational companies or regions to assessment, this paper will focus on the impact of practical research article review and evaluation. It would not involve specific corporate and country.
Greenhouse Gas Emission from Rice field in Indonesia: Challenge for future research and development

Rice is an essential crop in Indonesia. Any aspects of rice to increase productivity have been well studied and documented; however, there are still lacking well-documented studies on its environmental aspects, including climate change. Many researches might already be conducted, but only a few have been published in a peer-reviewed journal. There is still a lack of robust data on greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from the rice field in Indonesia, factors affecting and the technology on how to reduce it. From the reviewed publications, it was found out that research only conducted under a controlled environmental setting. More research on understanding the controlling factors (e.g., water management, rice cultivar, soil types, and fertilizer) of GHG emission from rice field is still needed. The result will introduce a sustainable farming practice, with low in GHG emissions, high in productivity, simple to apply and generate more income to farmers. This review has identified the gaps for future research and development in Indonesia. The research should meet the need, either national or global strategies. Development of a new farming practice will succeed in the presence of government policies. Therefore an intensive interdisciplinary approach between researcher and other stakeholders should be conducted.
A Case Report of Topiramate for Severe Breath Holding Spells in a Teenage Boy with Pitt-Hopkins Syndrome

Pitt-Hopkins syndrome is a rare genetic neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by intellectual disability, delayed motor development, and absent speech. Patients often show symptoms of respiratory dysrhythmia, including episodes of hyperpnea followed by apnea with cyanosis. These spells occur while awake and do not have ictal correlate on electroencephalogram (EEG). The episodes can become quite frequent and can be challenging to treat. We present a case of a teenage patient with Pitt-Hopkins syndrome who had very frequent apneic spells that responded well to treatment with topiramate after limited response to acetazolamide.
Stroke 20 20: Implementation goals for intravenous thrombolysis

Introduction Knowledge of the implementation gap would facilitate the use of intravenous thrombolysis in stroke, which is still low in many countries. The study was conducted to identify national implementation targets for the utilisation and logistics of intravenous thrombolysis. Material and Method Multicomponent interventions by stakeholders in health care to optimise prehospital and hospital management with the goal of fast and accessible intravenous thrombolysis for every candidate. Implementation results were documented from prospectively collected cases in all 45 stroke centres nationally. The thrombolytic rate was calculated from the total number of all ischemic strokes in the population of the Czech Republic since 2004. Results Thrombolytic rates of 1.3 (95%CI 1.1 to 1.4), 5.4 (95%CI 5.1 to 5.7), 13.6 (95%CI 13.1 to 14.0), 23.3 (95%CI 22.8 to 23.9), and 23.5% (95%CI 23.0 to 24.1%) were achieved in 2005, 2009, 2014, 2017, and 2018, respectively. National median door-to-needle times were 60–70 minutes before 2012 and then decreased progressively every year to 25 minutes (IQR 17 to 36) in 2018. In 2018, 33% of both university and non-university hospitals achieved median door-to-needle time ≤20 minutes. In 2018, door-to-needle times ≤20, ≤45, and ≤60 minutes were achieved in 39, 85, and 93% of patients. Discussion Thrombolysis can be provided to ≥ 20% of all ischemic strokes nationwide and it is realistic to achieve median door-to-needle time 20 minutes. Conclusion Stroke 20–20 could serve as national implementation target for intravenous thrombolysis and country specific implementation policies should be applied to achieve such target.