Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Antibiotic Resistance of Bacteria in Two Marine Mammal Species, Harbor Seals and Harbor Porpoises, Living in an Urban Marine Ecosystem, the Salish Sea, Washington State, USA

The pervasive use of antibiotics in human medicine, veterinary medicine, and agriculture can result in a significant increase in the spread and environmental persistence of antibiotic resistance in marine ecosystems. This study describes the presence and distribution of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in Salish Sea harbor seals (Phoca vitulina) and harbor porpoises (Phocoena phocoena) and evaluates species, age class, and geographic differences in resistance patterns. Isolates from 95 dead-stranded animals (74 seals/21 porpoises) were tested for resistance to a suite of 15 antibiotics. Of the 95 sampled, 85 (89%) (67 seals/18 porpoises) successfully yielded 144 isolates, with 37% resistant to at least one antibiotic and 26% multi-drug resistant (24% and 39% of seal and porpoise isolates, respectively). Overall, and by study region, porpoises were significantly more likely to harbor resistant organisms compared to seals. Significant differences between age classes were noted for the antibiotics amoxicillin, cephalexin, and cefovecin. Overall isolate resistance was significantly greater in porpoises than seals for several individual antibiotics. Multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) indices greater than 0.2 were observed in 55% of multi-drug resistant isolates, suggesting seal and porpoise exposure to anthropogenic pollution. The relatively high and disparate prevalence of antibiotic resistance in these common, but ecologically dissimilar, marine mammals reflects a potentially large environmental pool of antibiotic resistant organisms in the Salish Sea or inherently different resistance gene patterns between the two species.
Predictors of Delay in Treatment of Urinary Incontinence Among Pakistani Women – A Cross-sectional Study

BackgroundUrinary Incontinence (involuntary loss of urine) is a highly prevalent problem among women with profound effects on their quality of life. Patients tend to conceal their problems and avoid seeking medical help, which results in their prolonged illness and psychological depression. Only a few researchers have focused on finding out the characteristics of incontinent women with prolonged treatment denial. These women's shared features can serve as predictors of treatment delay; screening the incontinent patients for these predictors can point out the susceptible women with delayed help-seeking behaviour who need in-depth counselling and support for their treatment. This cross-sectional study was designed to investigate the predictors of treatment delays of urinary Incontinence among Pakistani women.Methods We performed this survey at Lady Willingdon Hospital outdoor from july1to Dec 31, 2019. We randomly selected one-hundred and six women with urinary incontinence from the gynaecology outdoor to fill the study Performa(sample size calculated with Raosoft, sample size calculator, Inc 2004). The Performa included risk factors of incontinence: demographic features, psychosocial effects of incontinence, the logic behind treatment delay, and the Incontinence Questionnaire UI-short form for incontinence characteristics. We evaluated predictors by analyzing shared risk factors of treatment delay by regression analysis (IBM SPSS statistics 20; SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). ResultsThe mean age of participants was 56.11±11.24years (30-77years). Treatment delay ranged from 1-30years; about half of the participants (48.1%) reported >3-year delay. The shared risk factors of treatment-delay were elderly age (OR=1.163; CI:1.075-1.259), embarrassment (OR = 8.15;CI:2.117-31.382), lower subjective severity of symptoms (OR=.316;CI:133-.978) and stress incontinence (OR=8.09;CI:1.87-35). ConclusionIn this cross-sectional survey of urinary incontinent women, elderly age, embarrassment, lower subjective severity of symptoms, and stress incontinence were predictors of treatment-delay among Pakistani women. Trial registrationThis study had ethical approval from King Edward Medical University and registered retrospectively at Clinical trials.gov with reg #NCT04470700 on 13-07-2020.
Sheng Jing Decoction, as a Traditional Chinese Medicine Prescription, Can Promote Spermatogenesis and Increase Sperm Motility

BackgroundSheng Jing Decoction (SJD), as a traditional Chinese medicine prescription, is mainly be used to treat male infertility. It has been applied in many hospitals in China, and the clinical effect of patients' reaction is satisfactory. However, pharmacological function and molecular mechanism of SJD are poorly understood. In this study, mainly investigated the function of SJD on spermatogenesis and sperm motility, and explored the potential mechanisms.MethodsThe oligozoospermia model of ICR mice was induced by injecting intraperitoneally (ip) with 60 mg/kg dose of cyclophosphamide. At the same time of modeling, high, medium and low doses of SJD were given orally for treatment respectively. Sperm vitality and motility were detected and analyzed by CASA, and sperm morphology was tested by Papanicolaou staining. Sperm mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) was tested by JC-1 staining. Sperm plasma membrane integrity was determined by SYBR-14/PI double staining. Histopathological changes of testis were analyzed by HE staining and Immunohistochemistry. Genes expression related to spermatogenesis and sperm development were detected by real-time RT-PCR.Results High, medium and low doses of SJD are effective to recover from the impairment of the whole body and testicular tissue by cyclophosphamide inducing, and to rescue the damage of testicular tissue cells including sertoli cells and germ cells by cyclophosphamide inducing. SJD can all partly restore the decrease in sperm concentration, sperm vitality, sperm motility and normal sperm morphology rate by cyclophosphamide inducing. Ki67 staining analyses confirm SJD can promoted testicular tissue cells proliferation. Real-time RT-PCR analyses reveal SJD can up-regulates the expression of proliferation-associated gene Lin28a, and differentiation-associated genes Kit, Sohlh2 and Stra8. SJD can also reduce the impairment of MMP and sperm plasma membrane integrity by cyclophosphamide inducing.ConclusionSJD is effective to support sperm quantity and quality by increasing sperm concentration, sperm vitality, sperm motility and normal sperm morphology rate. SJD can promote spermatogenesis by up-regulating the expression of the proliferation-associated gene Lin28a, and the differentiation-associated genes (Kit, Sohlh2 and Stra8). SJD can sustain MMP and sperm plasma membrane integrity to increase sperm motility.
Toward Just and Sustainable Cities: Identifying Key Areas for Urban, Peri-Urban and Rural Sustainability Collaborative Initiatives

Increasing urbanization and changing population demographics represent two golden opportunities to reimagine how humanity may influence the trajectory of the planet. Although there is substantial information about ‘the speed in which we are falling off the cliff’ with respect to the negative effects of climate change, biodiversity loss, and nitrogen and phosphorus overuse, much less is known about how humanity may transition to living within sustainable ecological and social boundaries. Transitioning to global sustainability requires a framework that integrates both fundamental ecological boundaries with social foundations that provide basic needs. One such framework is Raworth’s Doughnut Model, where the doughnut indicates a ‘sweet spot’: meeting basic social needs of all within sustainable boundaries for earth-systems processes. While there are a global and a few national level analyses of sustainability using this framework, there are no regional level assessments. We used Raworth’s Doughnut Model to assess regional level sustainability for a mid-sized metropolitan area in the Midwestern United States. We pooled county data from government and non-profit reports to quantify social foundation and ecological boundary sustainability across one of the most populous regions in the upper Midwestern United States. Our regional doughnut analysis revealed many ecological overshoots and social deficits, and identified key areas for urban, peri-urban and rural sustainability collaborations. Our analysis also revealed the importance of geospatial variation in ecological boundary overshoot and social deficits. In many ways, our study system of the upper Midwestern United States is representative of city sizes of the future and understanding these trajectories of ecological and social parameters may inform future global sustainable pathways.
Frequency of underlying diseases, symptoms and mortality rate of COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is known to be affected by underlying diseases of the respiratory system. In this meta-analysis, the keywords of COVID-19, underlying diseases, symptoms, and mortality were searched in national and international databases to obtain the related studies. The inclusion criteria were as follows: interventional, clinical, descriptive and cross-sectional, and studies focusing on COVID-19. This study was conducted based on Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses protocol. Eighteen studies were selected to be finally analyzed. The mean percentage of mortality was 14% (I2 = 98.9, P < 0.001). The most common symptoms were fever (91%, I2 = 88.5, P < 0.001) and cough (71%, I2 = 84.5, P < 0.001), and the most frequent underlying diseases were hypertension (41%, I2 = 98.9, P < 0.001), diabetes mellitus (18%, I2 = 88.7, P < 0.001) and cardiovascular disease (11%, I2 = 87.7, P < 0.001). Findings of present study suggest that individuals with underlying diseases have a higher rate of mortality following COVID-19 infection.
Classification and Prediction of Natural Streamflow Regimes in Arid Regions of the USA

Understanding how natural variation in flow regimes influences stream ecosystem structure and function is critical to the development of effective stream management policies. Spatial variation in flow regimes among streams is reasonably well understood for streams in mesic regions, but a more robust characterization of flow regimes in arid regions is needed, especially to support biological monitoring and assessment programs. In this paper, we used long-term (41 years) records of mean daily streamflow from 287 stream reaches in the arid and semi-arid western USA to develop and compare several alternative flow-regime classifications. We also evaluated how accurately we could predict the flow-regime classes of ungauged reaches. Over the 41-year record examined (water years 1972–2013), the gauged reaches varied continuously from always having flow > zero to seldom having flow. We predicted ephemeral and perennial reaches with less error than reaches with an intermediate number of zero-flow days or years. We illustrate application of our approach by predicting the flow-regime classes at ungauged reaches in Arizona, USA. Maps based on these predictions were generally consistent with qualitative expectations of how flow regimes vary spatially across Arizona. These results represent a promising step toward more effective assessment and management of streams in arid regions.
External Risk in Design-Build Projects with Fixed-Price System: The Case of DKI Jakarta Province, Indonesia

The construction industry is a leading economic sector in the province of DKI Jakarta that positively contributes to its economic growth. As a province with the highest construction value in Indonesia, it used the design-build (DB) method as a project delivery system to optimize infrastructure projects. However, the DB project in DKI Jakarta had experienced some completion delays that could lead to project costs overrun. This study used a concurrent embedded (mixed method) design, with quantitative as the primary approach. The data collected through interviews, documentary studies, and questionnaire surveys of 50 practitioners in the construction field. This study found that utility disruption negatively influenced time and cost performance, while third-party risk did not affect. Besides, there was inadequate and inaccurate information conveyed to the contractor. It caused inappropriate risk identification that influenced the design, methods, and a working schedule that affected project performance. Furthermore, to ensure optimal project delivery, the government, as the project owner, needed to validate the information provided and coordinated the disruption handling before the project began.
Inter-Subject MEG Decoding for Visual Information with Hybrid Gated Recurrent Network

As an effective brain signal recording technique for neuroscience, magnetoencephalography (MEG) is widely used in cognitive research. However, due to the low signal-to-noise ratio and the structural or functional variabilities of MEG signals between different subjects, conventional methods perform poorly in decoding human brain responds. Inspired by deep recurrent network for processing sequential data, we applied the gated recurrent units for MEG signals processing. In the paper, we proposed a hybrid gated recurrent network (HGRN) for inter-subject visual MEG decoding. Without the need of any information from test subjects, the HGRN effectively distinguished MEG signals evoked by different visual stimulations, face and scrambled face. In the leave-one-out cross-validation experiments on sixteen subjects, our method achieved better performance than many existing methods. For more in-depth analysis, HGRN can be utilized to extract spatial features and temporal features of MEG signals. These features conformed to the previous cognitive studies which demonstrated the practicality of our method for MEG signal processing. Consequently, the proposed model can be considered as a new tool for decoding and analyzing brain MEG signal, which is significant for visual cognitive research in neuroscience.
Molecular Evaluation of COVID-19 in Pandemic Era

COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2) has recently emerged as an ongoing pandemic disease or probably syndemic and became the latest threat to global health The main route of transmission of virus droplet start with respiratory problems coughing, sneezing, fever during infection period, which may end up with death, if not treated Many emerging epidemiological factors have made COVID-19 as global alarming disease To control the outbreak of COVID-19, a critical management along with quarantine measure is applicable, which requires early detection of infection The early detection of COVID-19 infection is playing a vital role in controlling of progression of illness and limiting viral spread within the population Therefore, reliable, highly specific and sensitive diagnosis techniques are necessary for its early detection Among several detection techniques, qRT-PCR is the rapidly employed, sensitive and widely accepted technique In present review, different molecular techniques with emphasis on qRT-PCR for early diagnosis of emerging COVID-19 will be discussed
Embedding Chemistry Education into Environmental and Sustainability Education: Development of a Didaktik Model Based on an Eco-Reflexive Approach

The aim of this theoretical paper is to develop and present a didaktik model that embeds chemistry education into Environmental and Sustainability Education (ESE) using an eco-reflexive approach. A didaktik model is a tool to help educators make decisions and reflect on why, what, how, and/or when to teach. The model presented here is a revised version of the Jegstad and Sinnes model from 2015. It was systematically developed based on a critical analysis of the previous ESD (Education for Sustainable Development)-based model. This process is part of what is called didactic modeling. The revised model consists of the following six categories: (i) socio-philosophical framing; (ii) sustainable schooling and living; (iii) critical views on chemistry’s distinctiveness and methodological character; (iv) powerful chemical content knowledge; (v) critical views of chemistry in society; and (vi) eco-reflexivity through environmental and sustainability education. As in the model by Jegstad and Sinnes, the eco-reflexive didaktik model seeks to support chemistry educators in their sustainability-oriented educational planning and analysis, but from a more critical perspective. Based on an eco-reflexive Bildung approach, one additional category—socio-philosophical framing—was added to the revised model. This is because the previous model does not take sufficient account of worldview perspectives, cultural values, and educational philosophy. The eco-reflexive didaktik model is illustrated with boxes, and it is suggested that all categories in these boxes should be considered in holistic and eco-reflexive chemistry education. The purpose of such education is to develop students’ ChemoKnowings.
Graphene-Reinforced the Structure and Mechanical Properties of New PMMA-PVA Hybrid Nanocomposites

Graphene challenges the logic with its behavior and properties because of its multiple uses, so scientists and researchers paid great attention to it. In this study, newly fabricated nanocomposites consist of polymethyl methacrylate and polyvinyl alcohol using Dimethylformamide-co-distilled water and Dimethylformamide solvent with various loading ratios (0.09, 0.18, and 0.27 wt.%) of graphene oxide nanosheets, applying a developed solution casting method. The microstructure, some physical and mechanical properties of the polymethyl methacrylate - polyvinyl alcohol/graphene oxide nanocomposites, such as density, viscosity, ultrasonic velocity, coefficient of ultrasonic absorption, compressibility and bulk modulus, etc. were measured. The method exhibited the successful synthesis of these nanocomposites for the first time with good homogeneity and good desperation as existing clearly in the images of the optical microscopy. Additionally, strong interfacial interaction was formed between the polymers and nano-graphene sheets as exhibited in Fourier-transform infrared spectra with the most functional group of polymer and graphene oxide in the nanocomposites. The scanning electron microscope images also confirmed this finding. These images illustrated the smooth and homogeneous fracture surface with good dispersion of the nanosheets of graphene oxide into the polymer mixture. The low loading ratio of graphene oxide in the matrix from 0.09 to 0.27 wt. % exhibited significant improvement of the viscosity of ultrasonic velocity, bulk modulus, and coefficient of absorption of the mechanical waves up to 79%, 63 %, 225%, and 127%, respectively, with the blended polymers. These findings could help to realize these new nanocomposites as promising materials for wide applications, such as car glass and backlight and ultraviolet filters applications.
Synthesis of N, P dual‐doped MoS2 on hollow carbon spheres for hydrogen evolution reaction

Developing cheap and abundant materials as high efficient HER catalysts to replace noble metal catalysts is urgent. Molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) as one attention‐drawing material still has an enormous limit due to the layers stacking and the lacking of active sites. Therefore, the N, P dual‐doped MoS2 on hollow carbon spheres (denoted as P‐MoS2@NCs) has been developed via template sacrifice, polymerization, and hydrothermal process. The synergistic effect between the N, P dual‐doped hollow carbon spheres, and MoS2, which has abundant active sites can enhance the electrocatalytic performance of HER. As expected, the formed P‐MoS2@NCs‐2 exhibits excellent electrochemical property for HER. The overpotential at 10 mA cm−2 and Tafel slope are as low as 147 mV (V vs RHE) and 72 mV/dec. Otherwise, it shows excellent durability in 0.5 M H2SO4. It provides a new method to develop advanced MoS2‐based catalyst for the HER.
Solar activity and responses observed in Balmer lines

Context. Many stars show Sun-like magnetic activity cycles, which are frequently observed by tracking changes in the chromospherically sensitive CaII H&K doublet. However, relationships between the line profile changes related to the magnetic activity seen in strong spectral transitions in other portions of a stellar spectrum are yet to be understood. Aims. We follow variability patterns in various solar lines in order to relate them to the emergence, passage, and decay of active solar regions. Methods. The line activity indices (core-to-wing ratio) for the upper Balmer lines – Hβ, Hγ, and Hδ – are constructed from the near-daily solar measurements acquired by the Ozone Monitoring Instrument and the TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument. Results. On solar rotation timescales, the upper Balmer line activity indices closely follow variations in the total solar irradiance, r ∼ −(0.6 − 0.7), and thus frequently deviate from the behavior of the line activity indices that track chromospheric activity levels (e.g., the CH 430 nm band used in this study), specifically during passages of big sunspot groups.
Data Envelopment Analysis Applications on Primary Health Care Using Exogenous Variables and Health Outcomes

A data envelopment analysis was used to evaluate the efficiency of 18 primary healthcare centres in a health district of the Valencian Community, Spain. Factor analysis was used as a first step in order to identify the most explanatory variables to be incorporated in the models. Included as variable inputs were the ratios of general practitioners, nurses, and costs; as output variables, those included were consultations, emergencies, avoidable hospitalisations, and prescription efficiency; as exogenous variables, those included were the percentage of population over 65 and a multimorbidity index. Confidence intervals were calculated using bootstrapping to correct possible biases. Efficient organisations within the set were identified, although the results depend on the models used and the introduction of exogenous variables. Pharmaceutical expenditure showed the greatest slack and room for improvement in its management. Data envelopment analysis allows an evaluation of efficiency that is focussed on achieving better results and a proper distribution and use of healthcare resources, although it needs the desired goals of the healthcare managers to be clearly identified, as the perspective of the analysis influences the results, as does including variables that measure the achievements and outcomes of the healthcare services.
Limited urban citizenship: the case of community councils in East Jerusalem

ABSTRACT Urban environments are often disputed over issues of class, gender, ethnicity, and race. Urban citizenship within such spaces has been found to be fragmented, or even ‘dark. ’ This paper focuses on the role of an intermediary institution, the Community Council (CC), in the contested city of (East) Jerusalem. Building on in-depth interviews and site visits, we suggest that CCs implement a limited form of urban citizenship via a range of functions that vary from service provision to political representation. We explain the process by which this form of urban citizenship is created and operated, and highlight the precarity of limited urban citizenship in a non-democratic context where most people are stateless residents. Through this case, we seek to enrich the literature on urban citizenship and CCs in contested cities with an emphasis on the multiple urban and national logics that operate in space.