Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
EFFECTS OF SALINITY AND TEMPERATURE ON SURVIVAL, GROWTH, AND ENERGY BUDGET OF JUVENILE LITOPENAEUS VANNAMEI

Abstract A 4×4 factorial experiment was conducted to determine the effects of salinity (0.2‰, 11‰, 21‰, and 31‰) and temperature (20°C, 24°C, 28°C, and 32°C) on survival, growth, and energy budget of juvenile Litopenaeus vannamei with the initial wet body weight of 0.274–0.283 g. The experiment lasted for 5 wk. The results showed that all shrimp survived at 11‰, 21‰, and 31‰, irrespective of temperature; at 0.2‰, survival decreased with increasing temperature from 20°C to 28°C, then plateaued at 32°C. At all levels of temperature with increases of salinity within the range tested, specific growth rate or food consumption gradually increased, reaching the maximum value and thereafter declined. At 0.2‰, specific growth rate, food consumption, or apparent digestibility coefficient exhibited an increasing trend from 22°C, reaching the maximum value at 28°C, then showed a decline up to 32°C with increasing temperature, whereas at salinities of 11‰, 21‰, and 31‰; specific growth rate, food consumption, or apparent digestibility coefficient exhibited an increasing trend. By contrast, feed efficiency generally decreased in response to increasing temperature within the salinity range tested.
Changes in diel diving patterns accompany shifts between northern foraging and southward migration in leatherback turtles

Diel diving patterns have been widely documented among plankton-feeding marine vertebrates. In many cases, these patterns have been interpreted as a response to the diel vertical migrations of prey. The leatherback turtle, Dermochelys coriacea (Vandelli, 1761), is a large marine predator that exploits gelatinous plankton in disparate foraging areas. Individuals of this species spend extended periods at northern latitudes before moving southward through pelagic waters. To identify and compare potential diel patterns of diving behaviour in temperate areas, where foraging has been observed, versus during southward migration, 15 subadult and adult leatherbacks were equipped with satellite-linked time–depth recorders off Nova Scotia, Canada. We observed variation in nocturnal versus diurnal behaviour, both at northern latitudes and during migration; however, diel differences in both diving and surface activity were much less pronounced while leatherbacks were in the north. We interpret the difference in leathe.
Effect of organic matter resources and inorganic fertilizers on yield and nutrient uptake in the rice-wheat cropping system

A field experiment was conducted at the Fertilizer Research Station, Pura, Kanpur (India), during 1997-98 and 1998-99 to study the influence of organic sources along with inorganic fertilizers on the rice-wheat cropping system. The soil had the following characteristics: sand 51.8%, silt 25.6%, clay 21.3%, pH 7.9, electrical conductivity (EC, dS m -1 ) 0.39, organic carbon 4.3 g kg -1 , available N 163.2 kg ha -1 , 7.1 kg P ha -1 , and 103.8 kg K ha -1 . The experiment was laid out in a splitplot design consisting of five main-plot treatments: M 1 --green manure (Sesbania aculeata), M 2 -- moong legume (Phaseolus aureus) straw (5 t ha -1 ), M 3 --farmyard manure (5 t ha -1 ), M 4 --rice straw (5 t ha -1 ), and M 5 --weedy fallow; and five subplot treatments: F 0 -- control, F 1 --50% N, F 2 --50% NP, F 3 -50% NPK, and F 4 -100% NPK of the recommended dose (120 kg N, 26.4 kg P, and 49.8 kg K). Adding different sources of organic matter significantly increased rice yield over weedy fallow. Treatments also differed significantly from each other. Maximum grain yield (3.7 t ha -1 ) during 1997 and 1998 was obtained by M 1 , followed by M 3 (3.6 t ha -1 ), M 2 (3.5 t ha -1 ), and M 4 (3.4 t ha -1 ). Minimum grain yield was obtained under the fallow treatment. Similarly, chemical fertilizers also significantly increased yield compared with the fertilizer control. A minimum yield of 2.0 t ha -1 in the control increased to 3.2 t ha -1 with F 1 , to 3.6 t ha -1 in F 2 , to 4.0 t ha -1 in F 3 , and to 4.7 t ha -1 in F 4 during 1997. A similar trend was recorded in 1998 (Table 1).
A New Species Of Glassfrog (Anura: Centrolenidae) From The Western Slope Of The Cordillera Oriental, Colombia

Abstract A new species of Glassfrog of the genus Nymphargus from the Andean cloud forest of Cordillera Oriental, Colombia, is described. This species can be recognized by some morphological characteristics that include: parietal peritoneum 1/2–3/4 white, visceral and hepatic peritonea translucent; webbing on hand reduced between outer fingers; and males lacking humeral spine. The new species reported herein is close related with Nymphargus garciae of the Central Andes and is added to the 20 previously known species of the family that occur in the eastern Andes of Colombia. Moreover, it is the northernmost record for the genus in the Cordillera Oriental.
BASAL METABOLISM OF THE BLACK-FOOTED FERRET (MUSTELA NIGRIPES) AND THE SIBERIAN POLECAT (M. EVERSMANNII)

Abstract Black-footed ferrets (Mustela nigripes) and Siberian polecats (M. eversmannii) are medium-sized (about 1 kg) mustelids with similar ecological and morphological characteristics. We measured basal metabolic rates (BMR) for both species. In contrast with the commonly stated belief that mustelids have relatively high mass-specific BMR, neither the BMR of ferrets nor that of polecats in winter was greater than standard allometric predictions for all mammals. As suggested by previous authors, we believe that our relatively lower measurements for BMR are due to our efforts to minimize stress during the experimental procedure. These results support the contention that BMR in mustelids is no different from what is expected of mammals of this body mass. Seasonal differences were found in polecat BMR (higher in summer) but not in ferret BMR. Reasons for this interspecific difference may relate to differences in natural histories of these species.
The Chemical Ecology of Aphids

Insects are sensitive to chemical aspects of their environment, particularly with regard to host and mate location. Aphids can select individual or a few closely related host plant species from a wide range of nonhost vegetation (65, 71). This selection relies upon the detection of secondary plant compounds as well as primary metabolites associated with the physiological condition of the host plant (82). Use of long-range volatile chemical cues in aphid-plant and aphid-aphid interactions was formerly considered unlikely (78, 108). Never­ theless, recent work reviewed here demonstrates that olfaction plays a more extensive role in the chemical ecology of aphids than previously thought. Thc study of aphid chemical ecology involving volatile semiochemicals, particularly pheromones, has been greatly enhanced by the development of electrophysiological rccordings from aphid antennae, using the electroan­ tennograph (EAG) and single-cell recording (SCR) methods. SCR directly coupled to high-resolution capillary column gas chromatography (GC-SCR) provides a powerful tool for locating the active components in behaviorally active samples (154). Analysis by other highly sensitive techniques such as
Innovative options for the treatment of non-melanoma skin cancer

Schäfer-Korting M, Do N, Küchler S, Haag R, Weindl G (2013) Enhanced drug penetration into human skin by nanoparticles. Polym Adv Technol 24 (Suppl 1): 54. Weindl G, Do N, Salwiczek M, Koksch B, Schäfer-Korting M (2013) Topical application of cationic membrane-active peptides: enzymatic degradation by human skin ex vivo and the effect on skin penetration. ALTEX Proceedings 2: 131. Do-Sydow N, Weindl G, Korting HC, Schäfer-Korting M (2011) Cationic antimicrobial peptides as novel therapeutic agents for non-melanoma skin cancer and infectious skin diseases. J Invest Dermatol 131(S2): S26. CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS Do-Sydow N, Weindl G, Salwiczek M, Koksch B, Korting HC, Schäfer-Korting M (2012) Skin Penetration of cell-penetrating peptides and novel therapeutic options for cationic antimicrobial peptides. 2012 AAPS Annual Meeting and Exposition, Chicago, Illinois, USA Zoschke C, Mohamed Ali CO, Do-Sydow N, Höller Obrigkeit D, Merk HF, Korting HC, Schäfer-Korting M (2012) Current state of development of human polymerase α inhibitors as innovative tumour therapeutics. 16 annual meeting of the Society for Dermopharmacy, Berlin, Germany, Poster award Do-Sydow N, Weindl G, Korting HC, Schäfer-Korting M (2012) Cationic antimicrobial peptides as novel therapeutic agents for non-melanoma skin cancer and infectious skin diseases. German Pharmaceutical Society (DPhG), Berlin, Germany Do-Sydow N, Weindl G, Korting HC, Schäfer-Korting M (2011) Cationic antimicrobial peptides as novel therapeutic agents for non-melanoma skin cancer and infectious skin diseases. 41st annual meeting of the European Society for Dermatological Research (ESDR), Barcelona, Spain
VARIATION BETWEEN PERIPHERAL AND CENTER ACHENE MORPHOLOGY AND ATTRIBUTES OF ACHENE GERMINATION IN THE INVASIVE SPECIES, CENTAUREA MELITENSIS

iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS vi LIST OF TABLES xi LIST OF FIGURES xii CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION The Study Species: Centaurea melitensis (Tocalote) 1 Seed Production and Variation in Centaurea melitensis (Cleistogamy) 2 Phenological Development of Centaurea melitensis 4 Patterns of Achene Variation in Centaurea Species 7 Invasiveness of Centaurea Species 8 Germination and Growth Requirements of Centaurea 10 Response of Centaurea melitensis to Smoke, Heat Shock and Other Post-fire Conditions 14 Preliminary Investigations 17 Objectives of the Study 18 CHAPTER TWO: MORPHOLOGICAL VARIATION IN ACHENES OF CENTAUREA MELITENSIS IN SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA Abstract 19 Introduction 20 Methods 28 Morphological Measurements and Achene Imagery 30 Mass Determination of Centaurea melitensis (Tocalote) Achene Types 32
Chemical characterization and antimicrobial screening of volatile components of Murraya koenigii (L.) Spreng- An Indian aromatic tree

Essential oils from leaves of Murraya koenigii (L.) Spreng (Rutaceae) was extracted by hydro-distillation method in a Clevenger type apparatus. The essential oil thus obtained was analyzed by gas chromatography and gas chromatography – mass spectroscopy. Thirty components were identified in the oil. The major constituents of oil identified were a-pinene (32.4%), s-pinene (11.4%), s-caryophyllene (12.4%), sabinene (10.2%) and limonene (6.2%). The antimicrobial screening of the isolated essential oil of plant was also performed against Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC25923), Bacillus subtilis (ATCC 6633), Klebsiella pneumonia (ATCC 25922), Pseudomans aeruginosa (ATCC 6538), Aspergillus niger (ATCC 16404), Candida albicans (ATCC 5027), C. glabrata (ATCC 66032) and Trichophyton rubrum (ATCC 2327). The essential oil was found to be more or less active against almost all tested pathogenic strains with varied spectrum of inhibition zone (7.0±0.06 to 14.0±0.01mm). The significant inhibitory effect was observed against Bacillus subtilis (12.0±0.0 mm) and T. ruburam (14.0±0.01 mm). The pronounced antimicrobial potential of Murraya koenigii oil against tested pathogens concludes that it may serve as a source of antimicrobial agents.
Impact of Debt Rating Changes on Stock Prices – Cross Sectional Analysis of Financial Services Industry

In this paper, we observe the impact of debt rating change (upgrade and downgrade announcements) on the stock prices of financial services sector. William Sharpe's single index model also known as market adjusted model is used to measure the expected return from the security; parametric t test and non parametric run test is used to measure the significance of the Average Abnormal Returns (AAR). The results show statistically insignificant abnormal returns for both debt rating upgrades and downgrades announcements before the event and statistically significant returns for downgrades after the event. This indicates that debt rating announcement pertaining to debt rating changes of financial services sector does not provide any new information to the equity market.
The Bronchial Tree and Lobular Division of the Formosan Reeve's muntjac ( )L ung

The comparative anatomical study of the lung was commenced by Aeby who examined numerous mammal lungs including human [1]. He originally classified the bronchioles into the epiarterial and hypoarterial bronchioles according to the passing position of the pulmonary artery. Since human left lung don’t have epiarterial bronchiole, he rather classified the bronchioles into the dorsal and ventral bronchiole systems. Another study by examining numerous mammalian lungs identified that the bronchioles from the upper and middle lobe were united in the left lung before them joins the trachea [3]. In the middle of 20 century, Jackson and Huber divided the human lung into ten pulmonary segments on each side for the con台灣獸醫誌 Taiwan Vet J 35 (1): 29-35, 2009
Foliar application of Fe, Zn and NPK nano-fertilizers on seed yield and morphological traits in chickpea under rainfed condition

There found only little information about the beneficial effects of nanofetilizers on seed yield and plant growth in chickpea. Therefore, a field experiment was conducted for finding the effects of foliar application of Zn, Fe and NPK as nanofertilizers on chickpea at rainfed conditions. Plant height, number of branches, seed weight, biological yield and seed yield were significantly increased as compared to plants grown in normal (without fertilizer) condition. Highest seed yield (137.3 g/ m) was obtained by Fe + Zn foliar application and caused 34% increase in the seed yield. The most increase in seed weight (~ 12%) was obtained by the foliar application of NPK and Fe + Zn. Interestingly, the combination of Fe + Zn with NPK showed no significant differences compared with the normal treatment. In conclusion, this study proved that foliar application of Zn, Fe and NPK, through the action as a growth promoter, can increase in the plant growth and seed yield in chickpea.
Hypotrachyna showmanii, A Misunderstood Species From Eastern North America

Hypotrachyna showmanii Hale has been found to be widely distributed in eastern North America. It contains 5-0-methylhiascic acid, other members of the hiascic acid complex, and gyrophoric acid in the medulla, not "horrescens" unknowns and just traces of gyrophoric acid as previously reported. The status of the species, and its relationship to other pustulose species of Hypotrachyna and Parmelinopsis is discussed. A key to the pustulose Hypotrachyna and Parmelinopsis species in eastern North America is provided.
Pectinoidea (Bivalvia: Propeamussiidae and Cyclochlamydidae) from the Southwestern Indian Ocean

ABSTRACT Twenty-five species of Pectinoidea (24 Propeamussiidae, 1 Cyclochlamydidae) are herein listed from the Mozambique Channel, northwestern and southern Madagascar, and northeastern South Africa. New species: Propeamussium rosadoi, Parvamussium catillus, Parvamussium kilburni, Parvamussium puillandrei, Parvamussium strongae, Cyclopecten cassiculus, Cyclopecten kantori, Cyclochlamys bacachorda. New synonym: Amussium sewelli Knudsen, 1967 = Propeamussium watsoni (E.A. Smith, 1885). New records for the Mozambique Channel and northwestern Madagascar: Propeamussium andamanicum, Propeamussium arabicum, Propeamussium caducum, Propeamussium jeffreysii, Propeamussium sibogai, Propeamussium watsoni, Parvamussium formosum, Parvamussium scitulum, Parvamussium torresi, Parvamussium vesiculatum, Cyclopecten kapalae, Similipecten eous. New records for southern Madagascar: Propeamussium jeffreysii, Propeamussium sibogai, Propeamussium watsoni, Parvamussium formosum, Parvamussium scitulum, Parvamussium thyrideum, Parvamussium vesiculatum, Parvamussium vidalense, Cyclopecten kapalae, Similipecten eous. New record for South Africa: Propeamussium jeffreysii, Parvamussium formosum, Parvamussium scitulum, Cyclopecten horridus, Similipecten eous.
Diversification of rice (Oryza sativa)-based cropping system in new alluvial zone of West Bengal

In a field experiment with rice (Oryza sativa L.)-based crop sequences, viz. rice-rice-dhaincha [Sesbania cannabina (Retz.) Pers. ], rice-rice, rice-mustard [Brassica juncea (L.) Czernj. & Cossonl-okra (Hisbiscus esculentus ), rice-potato (Solanum tuberosum L.)-sesame (Sesamum indicum L.), rice-potato-groundnut (Ara- chis hypogaea L.), rice-potato-rice, rice-wheat (Triticum aestivum L. emend. Fiori & Paol.)-jute (Corchorus olitorius L.), rice-cabbage [Brassica oleracea L. convar. capitata (L.) Alef. var capitatal-rice and rice-mustard, were tested for their performances over 4 years during 1997-2000 at Kalyani, West Bengal. Rice-potato- groundnut gave the highest gross return, net return and benefjt,: cost ratio (Rs 105,117, Rs 68,0191halyear and 1.833 respectively), followed by rice-cabbage-rice, rice-potato-rice and rice-potato-sesame. Maximum amount of energy was harvested (196,980 MJIhalyear) from rice-potato-groundnut, followed by rice-potato- rice and rice-cabbage-rice. Rice-equivalent yield, production efficiency, land-use efficiency and energy-use ef- ficiency were highest in rice-potato-groundnut sequence. The yield of subsequent rainy-season rice in pooled analysis was also higher in rice-potato-groundnut sequence indicating that this sequence has good effect on subsequent rice crop.
An Adaptive Neural Network for Unsupervised Mosaic Consistency Analysis in Image Forensics

Automatically finding suspicious regions in a potentially forged image by splicing, inpainting or copy-move remains a widely open problem. Blind detection neural networks trained on benchmark data are flourishing. Yet, these methods do not provide an explanation of their detections. The more traditional methods try to provide such evidence by pointing out local inconsistencies in the image noise, JPEG compression, chromatic aberration, or in the mosaic. In this paper we develop a blind method that can train directly on unlabelled and potentially forged images to point out local mosaic inconsistencies. To this aim we designed a CNN structure inspired from demosaicing algorithms and directed at classifying image blocks by their position in the image modulo (2 × 2). Creating a diversified benchmark database using varied demosaicing methods, we explore the efficiency of the method and its ability to adapt quickly to any new data.
Patch exploitation strategies of parasitic wasps under intraspecific competition

The optimal residence time of a forager exploiting a resource patch in the absence of competitors has been much studied since the development of the marginal value theorem. However, several foragers are frequently observed exploiting the same patch simultaneously, and patch residence time has been surprisingly little studied in such competitive situations. The few theoretical models developed on this topic predict that foragers should engage in a war of attrition and stay in the patch longer than when foraging alone. We tested this prediction in Pachycrepoideus vindemmiae (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae), a solitary parasitoid species in which females are known to defend the hosts they are exploiting via intraspecific fighting. By measuring the effect of direct (i.e., presence of conspecifics) and indirect (i.e., presence of already-parasitized hosts) competition on patch exploitation strategies, we revealed an apparent polymorphism of strategies. Indeed, in competitive situations, some members of the population tended to retreat almost immediately from the patch whereas other members tended to remain, further exploit the patch, and be more involved in interactions with conspecifics. The proportion of "retreaters" strongly depended on competition intensity and prior experience of competition. The forager's physiological state (age) also affects patch exploitation strategy and the intensity of interactions between competing females. Our results highlight the necessity for further theoretical studies that consider cases where contests between foragers are costly and take into account prior experience of competition and the forager's physiological state. Copyright 2005.
Overwintering Biology of Egg Parasitoids of Dalbulus maidis (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) on Perennial Grasses, Volunteer Maize, Stubble, and Drip-Irrigated Maize

ABSTRACT Dalbulus maidis (DeLong & Wolcott) (Hemiptera: Ciaadellidae) is the most important leafhopper vector of maize plant pathogens in the Americas. However, until now, no study has investigated the overwintering biology of its egg parasitoids. The objective in this study was to find egg parasitoids of D. maidis in perennial grass, volunteer maize, stubble, and drip-irrigated maize habitats in the winter season. Two-week-old D. maidis females were allowed to oviposit on young maize plants for 72 h under laboratory conditions. The oviposited healthy D. maidis eggs (sentinel eggs) on the young maize plants were exposed to natural parasitism maintained on perennial grasses, volunteer maize, and stubble 2 mo after the onset of winter, and on perennial grasses, volunteer maize, and drip-irrigated maize at the end of winter. The abundance of D. maidis adults in these habitats was also determined. Two months after the start of winter, D. maidis eggs were parasitized by the wasp Oligosita sp. from perennial grasses and volunteer maize, whereas at the end of winter, the eggs were parasitized by the wasps Oligosita sp. and Anagrus columbi Perkins from perennial grasses, volunteer maize, and drip-irrigated maize. Overall, more adult parasitoids of D. maidis eggs were found on perennial grasses. Adult corn leafhoppers were absent from perennial grasses at the end of winter; however, other Deltocephalinae leafhopper species were present, suggesting that egg parasitoids of D. maidis use another leafhopper host during winter. Furthermore, adults of five Deltocephalinae species were parasitized by dryinids and strepsipterans throughout the 2012–2013 winter in perennial grasses.
CLEARING SAVANNAS FOR USE AS RANGELANDS IN QUEENSLAND: ALTERED LANDSCAPES AND WATER-EROSION PROCESSES

This paper presents a framework and some examples of how tree clearing alters landscapes (vegetation structure and faunal habitat) and processes (run-off and soil erosion) for eucalypt savannas in Queensland. Unaltered savannas have a tree-layer and a well-covered ground-layer of perennial grasses, and they provide habitats favoured by a variety of open woodland birds, reptiles and small mammals. Because unaltered savannas have a high ground-cover, they have low rates of run-off and erosion. When savannas are chained, but otherwise unaltered, trees rapidly regrow and increase in canopy cover. The exotic buffel grass often establishes in chained regrowth (especially if grazed), although the cover of native grasses such as black speargrass remains high (unless heavily grazed). We found that open woodland birds declined on these chained regrowth sites, except for the Weebill, which increased in abundance. When savannas are cleared of trees and woody debris and developed as improved pasture systems, both exotic and native perennial grass increased in cover. However, open woodland fauna abundance declined whereas grassland fauna such as the Red-backed Fairy-wren and the House Mouse increased in abundance. If these pasture sites are heavily utilised by livestock so that ground-cover is reduced, rates of run-off and soil loss are likely to rapidly increase, especially as cover declines below 40%. These run-off and erosion findings suggest that the manner in which savanna landscapes are cleared and subsequently used will have flow-on effects at catchment scales.