Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Eficiência micorrízica na produção de mudas de jacarandá-dabahia cultivadas em diferentes doses de fósforo - DOI: 10.4025/actasciagron.v27i4.1303

The aim of this work, carried out in greenhouse, was to study the phosphorus utilization efficiency and the root efficiency of jacaranda-dabahia ( Dalbergia nigra (Vell.) Fr. Allem. ) seedlings from data of phosphorus content obtained on shoot and on root system, evaluating the effects of soil fertilization with phosphorus (P) and arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi. Seedlings were grown on a substratum composed by soil, sand and vermiculite, at the rate of 1:1:1. The treatments consisted in five P doses (0, 50, 100, 150 and 200 mg dm -3 ), applied as a soluble source, on absence and presence of the AM fungi, Gigaspora margarita and Glomus fasciculatum . Evaluations were carried out at 45, 90 and 135 days after inoculation. Results showed that independent of added phosphorus doses, the jacaranda-da-bahia seedlings inoculated with AM fungi, G. margarita and G. fasciculatum , when compared with the non-inoculated seedlings, exhibited higher dry matter weight, P content and P utilization efficiency on the shoot and in the root system as well as higher root efficiency, that is to say, higher capacity of the root system to uptake P and to transfer it to the soot.
Skim milk powders with enhanced foaming and steam-frothing properties

The effects of citrate addition to milks on the stability of milk foams formed by two aeration processes, whipping at room temperature and by steam-frothing, were examined. Citrate addition (0.1–0.5 mol added citrate·kg−1 milk solids non-fat) improved the whipping properties of milks reconstituted from conventional low-heat (72 °C for 30 s) and high-heat (85 °C for 30 min) powders. This effect was attributed to the role of citrate in dissociating casein micelles. However, while citrate addition (0.1–0.2 mol added citrate·kg−1 milk solids non-fat) improved the steamfrothing properties of milks reconstituted from conventional low-heat milk powder it did not improve those of milks made from corresponding high-heat milk powders. Similar effects of citrate addition on foaming and stream-frothing properties were obtained when the salts were added to skim milk concentrate prior to drying. The citrated milk powders are alternatives to physical blends of conventional skim milk powders and citrate salts for enhancing the foaming properties of milks at both low and high application temperatures.Abstract0.1–0.5 mol·kg_−1 (72 °C 30) (85 °C 30 min) 0.1–0.2 mol·kg−1RésuméLes effets de l’addition de citrate au lait sur la stabilité des mousses de lait obtenues par deux procédés d’aération, à température ambiante ou à la vapeur, ont été étudiés. L’addition de citrate (0,1–0,5 mol·kg−1 de matière sèche non grasse du lait) améliorait les propriétés moussantes des laits reconstitués à partir de poudres conventionnelles “low-heat” (72 °C-30 s) et “high-heat” (85 °C-30 min). Cet effet a été attribué au rôle du citrate dans la dissociation des micelles de caséine. Cependant, tandis que l’addition de citrate (à 0,1–0,2 mol·kg−1 de matière sèche non grasse du lait) améliorait les propriétés moussantes à la vapeur des laits reconstitués à partir de poudre conventionnelle de lait “low-heat”, elle n’améliorait pas celles des laits obtenus à partir des poudres “high-heat”. Des effets similaires de l’addition de citrate sur les propriétés moussantes à froid et à la vapeur ont été obtenus quand les sels étaient ajoutés au concentré de lait écrémé avant séchage. La fabrication de poudre de lait enrichie en citrate est une alternative au mélange de poudre de lait écrémé conventionnelle et de sel de citrate pour améliorer les propriétés moussantes des laits à froid et à chaud.
Evaluation of the efficacy of hydrated sodium aluminosilicate in the prevention of aflatoxin-induced hepatic cancer in rainbow trout

Arana S. , Dagli M.L. Z, Sabino M. , Tabata Y.A. , Rigolino M.G. & Hernandez-Blazquez F.J. 2011. Evaluation of the efficacy of hydrated sodium aluminosilicate in the prevention of aflatoxin-induced hepatic cancer in rainbow trout. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 31(9):751-755. Laboratório de Histofisiologia e Histopatologia Experimental em Animais Ectotérmicos, Departamento de Histologia e Embriologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Cx. Postal 6109, Campinas, SP 13083-970, Brazil. E-mail: aranas@unicamp.br The use of aluminum silicates for decontaminating animal feed containing aflatoxins has yielded encouraging results in chicken and turkey poults. In contrast, very few studies have tested these substances in aquaculture. In this work, we investigated the efficacy of a trout diet containing 0.5% hydrated sodium aluminosilicate (HSAS) in protecting against contamination with aflatoxin B1. Trout were reared on these diets for one year and the experimental groups were examined monthly for hepatic presumptive preneoplastic and neoplastic lesions. Regardless of the presence of HSAS, all of the fish that received aflatoxin in their diet have shown hepatic lesions indicative of a carcinogenic process, presenting also the development of cancer in some fish. The concentration of HSAS used in this study was ineffective in preventing the onset of hepatic lesions induced by aflatoxin B1 in rainbow trout.
SOCIAL TABOOS: “INVISIBLE” SYSTEMS OF LOCAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT AND BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION

Social taboos exist in most cultures, both Western and non-Western. They are good examples of informal institutions, where norms, rather than governmental juridical laws and rules, determine human behavior. In many traditional societies throughout the world, taboos frequently guide human conduct toward the natural environment. Based on a survey of recent literature, we synthesize information on such taboos. We refer to them as “resource and habitat taboos” (RHTs). Examples are grouped in six different categories depending on their potential nature conservation and management functions. We compare RHTs with contemporary measures of conservation and identify and discuss some key benefits that may render them useful in partnership designs for conservation and management. We conclude that many RHTs have functions similar to those of formal institutions for nature conservation in contemporary society but have not been sufficiently recognized in this capacity. We suggest that designs for conservation of biologi.
Effects on oviposition behaviour and larval development of Spodoptera littoralis by herbivore‐induced changes in cotton plants

Herbivore feeding induces chemical defence responses in plants. In this study we investigate how herbivore‐induced changes in cotton plants, Gossypium hirsutum L. , influence the oviposition behaviour and larval development of Spodoptera littoralis Boisd. (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). In two‐choice experiments female moths preferred to oviposit on small plants (3–4 leaves) that had been fed on by 3rd to 4th instar larvae (72%) over non‐damaged control plants. However, when using larger plants (8 to 10 true leaves) the preference was reversed, with only 31% of the eggs deposited on the induced plants. The same trend was found with plants that had been given a similar level of damage by 6th instar larvae. However, the difference between the treatments was in both cases smaller with only 60% of the eggs deposited on the preferred plant treatment. If cotton plants subjected to artificial damage were compared with undamaged plants, none of the treatments were preferred for oviposition. No significant difference was found in larval weight, pupal weight, survival, or development time, between larvae reared their entire development on leaves from induced or from non‐induced plants.
A Laboratory Exercise for Teaching Depth of Weed Emergence Concepts1

The influence of weed seed burial depth on seedling emergence is a common and important topic in undergraduate weed science courses. A laboratory exercise was developed at Iowa State University to actively demonstrate changes in weed seedling emergence with increased seed-burial depth. Twenty-five ivyleaf morningglory and wild mustard seeds were sown in pots in monoculture, and the number of emerging seedlings was counted for 3 wk. The results from two semesters were analyzed to determine whether the experiment was successful in meeting its intended outcomes. Assessment of student perceptions and attitudes indicated that the activity increased students' understanding of weed biology; improved students' critical thinking, reading, and writing skills; and improved students' ability to make scientific observations, interpret graphical information, and analyze and summarize research data. Nomenclature: Ivyleaf morningglory, Ipomoea hederacea (L.) Jacq. #3 IPOHE; wild mustard, Brassica kaber (D.C.) L.C. Wheeler SINAR. Additional index words: Brassica kaber, education, IPOHE, Ipomoea hederacea, SINAR, weed biology, weed ecology.
Taxonomic Shift Over a Phosphorus Gradient Affects the Stoichiometry and Fatty Acid Composition of Stream Periphyton

Phosphorus enrichment of stream ecosystems generally increases primary production in the benthos, but the consequences of eutrophication for the nutritional quality of periphyton for grazers are less clear. On short timescales, high phosphorus inputs may lead to reduced C:P ratios and high essential fatty acid contents of periphyton, which are both considered important determinants of food quality for grazers. However, nutrient enrichment may alter the taxonomic composition of periphyton and favor the growth of less palatable algal taxa. In this study, periphyton was grown under a gradient of dissolved phosphorus availability from 5 to 100 µg P · L−1, to investigate eutrophication effects on periphyton taxonomy, C:N:P stoichiometry, and fatty acid composition. After 1 month, periphyton grown under oligotrophic conditions was mainly composed of diatoms (~86%). With increasing phosphorus availability, diatoms were gradually outcompeted by chlorophytes and cyanobacteria, which were the predominant taxon under eutrophic conditions. Unexpectedly, periphyton C:P ratios increased with greater phosphorus supply, from ~280 under oligotrophic conditions up to ~790 at 100 µg · L−1, reflecting a tendency of chlorophytes and cyanobacteria to produce more biomass per unit of assimilated phosphorus compared to diatoms. Periphyton content of essential polyunsaturated fatty acids relative to biomass followed a unimodal relationship with phosphorus availability and peaked at intermediate phosphorus levels, likely as a result of both taxonomic and nutrient effects. Our results demonstrate that phosphorus‐driven eutrophication of freshwater ecosystems may worsen periphyton nutritional quality due to taxonomic sorting, which may further lead to lower growth and reproduction of herbivores.
Morphological and Biochemical Characterization of Different Oyster Mushroom (Pleurotus spp.)

Mushrooms have medicinal as well as nutritive value and extensively used as human food from the time immortal. In order to determine the genetic diversity among Pleurotus species of mushroom using morphological and random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers, about seven different species were collected. Out of the seven, five species, naming Pleurotus citriopileatus, Pleurotus djamor , Pleurotus Florida, H. ulmarius and Pleurotus sajor-caju were selected. Five different morphological traits i.e., mycelial growth (mm), stipe length(cm), cap diameter (cm), margin of fruit body, colour of fruit body, total yield (kg), carbohydrate content(%) and protein content (%) were recorded. Results indicate that all the five species of Pleurotus shows great diversity in their morphological characters and biochemical parameters. Thus all these species have a great genetic diversity.
Absence of Response by Breeder Hens to Ultraviolet Energy

Abstract POULTRYMEN have shown considerable interest in the use of ultraviolet energy in poultry production following the report of Barott, Schoenleber and Campbell (1951) that germicidal ultraviolet energy in the 2,537A range exerted a favorable effect on egg production. The increase in production over the use of visible light alone when hens were irradiated with short-wave ultraviolet ranged from 10 to 19 percent more eggs in five years’ experiments. In the same study, other types of ultraviolet such as antirachitic and “black light” did not influence the numbers of eggs produced. Carson and Junnila (1953) reported a beneficial effect on egg production of the turkey hen by the use of 14 hours of irradiation with antirachitic ultraviolet in addition to 14 hours of incandescent light. These reports indicate the possibility of using ultraviolet energy in poultry production other than as a vitamin D activator. The experiments of Barott et al. (1951) …
Viruses as pathogens of marine organisms—from bacteria to whales

Viruses are the most abundant members of marine ecosystems and play an enormous role in ocean processes through their interactions with all types of marine organisms. This short review provides examples of the dramatic increase in our knowledge of the diversity of marine viruses as pathogens of bacteria, protists, molluscs, crustaceans, cnidaria, reptiles, fish and mammals. Several examples are provided showing evidence of evolution of new strains, changes in virulence, and transfer of viruses between ecosystems. The natural and anthropogenic causes of these shifts are discussed. Despite considerable advances in recent years, knowledge of the importance of viruses in many important groups of marine organisms is lacking or incomplete. Suggestions for future investigations necessary to understand the dynamics of biogeochemical processes and the impacts of disease in our oceans are proposed.
SEASONAL INTERACTIONS, HABITAT QUALITY, AND POPULATION DYNAMICS IN MIGRATORY BIRDS

Abstract Abstract. Historically, studies of habitat selection have focused on quantifying how current patterns of habitat occupancy influence condition and survival within a season. This approach, however, is overly simplistic, especially for migratory birds that spend different periods of the year in geographically distinct places. Habitat occupancy and the resulting condition of individual birds is likely to be affected by events in the previous season, and the consequences of habitat occupancy will influence individuals and populations in subsequent seasons. Thus, for migratory birds, variation in habitat quality (and quantity) needs to be understood in the context of how events interact throughout periods of the annual cycle. Seasonal interactions can occur at the individual level or population level. Individual-level interactions occur when events in one season produce nonlethal, residual effects that carry over to influence individuals the following season. Population-level interactions occur when a change in population size in one season influences per capita rates the following season. We review various methods for estimating seasonal interactions and highlight a number of examples in the literature. Using a variety of techniques, including intrinsic and extrinsic markers, the vast majority of studies to date have measured seasonal interactions at the individual level. Obtaining estimates of density and changes in per capita rates across multiple seasons to determine population-level interactions has been more challenging. Both types of seasonal interactions can influence population dynamics, but predicting their effects requires detailed knowledge of how populations are geographically connected (i.e., migratory connectivity). We recommend that researchers studying habitat occupancy and habitat selection consider how events in previous seasons influence events within a season.
Odour-baited targets to control tsetse flies, Glossina spp. (Diptera: Glossinidae), in Zimbabwe

From March to October 1984, targets consisting of black cloth and netting, baited with 1-octen-3-ol (released at about 0·5 mg/h), and acetone (about 100 mg/h) or butanone (15 mg/h), and coated with deltamethrin, were deployed at 3–5/km 2 in 600 km 2 of the Zambezi Valley of Zimbabwe where Glossina morsitans morsitans Westwood and G. pallidipes Austen were initially abundant. About 3 000 000 adults of G. pallidipes and 200 000 of G. m. morsitans originally present in the area as adults or pupae were killed by targets or removed by sampling procedures between March and December. At the end of this period, the tsetse populations in the centre of the block had declined by at least 99·99%. The targets dealt adequately with a strong invasion pressure from initially dense infestations nearby, partly because the targets reduced the abundance of tsetse up to 5–10 km outside the block. At 18 months after the start of the study, the targets were badly faded; this was corrected by spraying them with a black dye and an ultraviolet-light absorber that protected the dye and insecticide, but by then the targets had deteriorated and were without adequate odour attractant, and many were no longer being maintained. Tsetse then invaded further into the block, but only in small numbers. Tabanids and muscoids were not strongly attracted to targets; their population densities in and near the block did not change greatly. Targets offer a simple and ecologically clean method of controlling tsetse and preventing invasion.
Automated Development of Semantic Data Models Using Scientific Publications

The traditional methods for analyzing information in digital documents have evolved with the ever-increasing volume of data. Some challenges in analyzing scientific publications include the lack of a unified vocabulary and a defined context, different standards and formats in presenting information, various types of data, and diverse areas of knowledge. These challenges hinder detecting, understanding, comparing, sharing, and querying information rapidly. I design a dynamic conceptual data model with common elements in publications from any domain, such as context, metadata, and tables. To enhance the models, I use related definitions contained in ontologies and the Internet. Therefore, this dissertation generates semantically-enriched data models from digital publications based on the Semantic Web principles, which allow people and computers to work cooperatively. Finally, this work uses a vocabulary and ontologies to generate a structured characterization and organize the data models. This organization allows integration, sharing, management, and comparing and contrasting information from publications.
Typology of Growth Hacking Strategies along the Growth Hacking Funnel

With the increasing significance of startups recently, practitioners and academicians have considered the growth hacking strategies by which these firms obtain competitive performance gains and bring into the world economy. So far, studies have mostly focused on the technical dimensions of these companies, while the business promotions they require and how they should be leveraged strategically have remained neglected. Thus, the current study attempts to present a qualitative study that could be helpful for explaining growth hacking strategies. We employed a multiple case study approach in this paper and investigated the growth strategies of 13 Iranian startups via semi-structured interviews with their founders. The deductive analyses with above 90% inter-rater reliability of the coders concluded in five groups of growth hacking strategies along the growth hacking funnel of acquisition, activation, revenue, retention, and referral. This study developed a deeper understanding of the significance of growth hacking strategies and the mechanisms by which they leveraged towards strengthening the business value.
Timing of breeding, productivity and survival of long‐tailed bats Chalinolobus tuberculatus (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) in cold‐temperate rainforest in New Zealand

Breeding of the threatened long-tailed bat Chalinolobus tuberculatus was studied over seven summers, 1993–2000, in temperate rainforest, Fiordland, New Zealand. Reproductive history of 789 marked bats from three social groups was investigated. Seventy per cent of births occurred over a 10-day period in mid-December. Young began flying at 5–6 weeks and nipples of reproductive females were regressing 2 weeks later. Sex ratio at birth was equal. Lactation coincided with highest annual air temperatures and peak abundance of flying invertebrates. Date of first birth varied by 4 days annually, but date of first flight varied by 17 days. Males had distended cauda epididymides at 1 year old (mean±SE = 1.63±0.16 years) and epididymal distension peaked in early autumn. Females first gave birth at 2–3 years of age (2.33±0.08 years). The short, highly synchronous breeding season, birth of single young, early mating in autumn, and late age of female sexual maturity compared to similar-sized vespertilionids, may be related to low food availability and unpredictable cold-temperate weather conditions. Annual productivity did not differ among groups but probability of survival of juveniles varied from 0.26 to 0.88 and was inversely proportional to size of natal group. Variability in breeding parameters was unrelated to climate or body condition of bats. The group with highest survival rates contained reproductive females and juveniles with significantly higher body condition. Differences in roost site or food quality within the home range of each group, varying genetic quality of members of the groups, or density-dependent mechanisms, may explain differential survival, but these hypotheses require investigation. A population crash and poor productivity in 1996 coincided with an irruption in the numbers of stoats Mustela erminea implying that predation by introduced animals can cause periodic population crashes. These results should be used to examine implications of these hypotheses on the long-term viability of Chalinolobus populations.
Growth and hypocholesterolemic properties of dry garlic powder (Allium sativum) on broilers

A total of 160 day-old Anak broilers were used in an eight-week trial to evaluate the growth and hypocholesterolemic properties of garlic (Allium sativum) when fed at varying dietary levels to broilers. The 160 birds were assigned to four dietary treatments containing 0, 0.25, 0.50 and 0.75 percent garlic in treatments 1, 2, 3 and 4, respectively. Each treatment had forty birds which were replicated four times with 60 birds per replicate in a completely randomized design. The birds were fed a 24% broiler starter diet for the first four weeks of the trial and 21% finisher diets within the 5 th to 8 th week. Daily feed intake and weekly body measurements data were kept. Feed conversion and feed cost/kg gain values were calculated. Haematological and blood chemistry values were also determined at the end of the trial. Results show that the effect of feeding varying dietary levels of garlic on average final body weight, average daily gain and feed cost/kg gain were significant (P 0.05) on the haematological and serum chemistry integrity of the birds. Cholesterol levels of the experimental birds dropped significantly (P<0.05) with increasing levels of garlic in the diets. Birds on 0.75% garlic (Treatment 4) had 76.30 mg/dl of cholesterol which differed significantly from values of 115.57, 114.29 and 103.70 mg/dl observed for birds on Treatments 1, 2 and 3, respectively. It is concluded that incorporation of sun dried garlic powder in the diets of broilers results in better performance, reduced serum cholesterol and further maintains haematological and serum chemistry integrity of the birds.