Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
4D monitoring with permanent borehole seismic sensors: progress, challenges, and the road ahead

We examine time-lapse data recorded using wells instrumented with permanent fiber-optic borehole seismic sensors in two separate locations, the Valhall field in the Norwegian North Sea and the Mars field in the deep water Gulf of Mexico. The Valhall surveys showed significant noise in the injection well for long periods after the well was shut-in. Analysis of downhole pressure and temperature data as well as accompanying RMS noise analysis of the borehole seismic data showed that the well was not stabilized even 12 days after the well was shut-in. Analysis of the borehole seismic data showed that the best data was acquired after 10 days or more shut-in time. On the other hand, data acquired from the Mars well for the two surveys in 2007 and 2010 during full production of the well was of acceptable quality and supported imaging of near-borehole structure. In addition, pressure and RMS noise analysis showed that the Mars well stabilized in a much shorter time than the Valhall well, in a matter of 4-5 hours versus an estimated 2 weeks. Imaging results for the Valhall well showed higher-resolution images than seabed OBS results below the tool while timelapse process showed consistent images but little difference. Imaging results for the Mars wells showed superior imaging for key reservoir sands below the borehole when compared to the corresponding 2010 OBS seismic. In particular, interpretation of the 3D VSPs suggests the main reservoir Upper and Lower Yellow sands are present updip to the well, in contrast to the OBS results which hints thinning or possibly pinching out of the Lower Yellow sand. Time-lapse comparison of the two Mars 3D VSPs shows minor differences with current processing.
Analytic inclined flow rule for determining granular rheology under strong non-local effects

Abstract This study theoretically establishes a flow rule for a granular flow down a rough inclined plane, capable of determining granular rheology in the presence of strong non-local effects resulting from grain cooperativity. To describe the non-local rheology, a Landau–Ginzburg model is formulated in terms of the fluidisation parameter represented by the granular inertial number. The exact solutions of the inertial-number field are solved and provide physical insights into the evolution of the internal rheology and the flow arrest process controlled by the flow height. Through asymptotic analysis in the regime dominated by strong non-locality, the exact solutions are further reduced to yield an analytical flow rule for the mean flow velocity. A comparison between the prediction of the flow rule and experimental data from the literature for sand grains determines the underlying rheology law and the relevant rheological parameters. Thus, the proposed flow rule serves as an effective tool for inferring granular rheology from strongly non-local inclined flow data, surpassing the limitations of the classical flow rule deduced from the local rheology framework.
Status of breast cancer screening strategies and indicators in Iran: A scoping review

Background: This scoping review aimed to investigate the status of breast cancer (BC) preventive behaviors and screening indicators among Iranian women in the past 15 years. BC, as the most common cancer in women, represents nearly a quarter (23%) of all cancers. Presenting the comprehensive view of preventive modalities of BC in the past 15 years in Iran may provide a useful perspective for future research to establish efficient services for timely diagnosis and control of the disease. Materials and Methods: The English and Persian articles about BC screening modalities and their indicators in Iran were included from 2005 to 2020. English electronic databases of Web of Science, PubMed, and Scopus, and Persian databases of Scientific Information Database (SID) and IranMedex were used. The critical information of articles was extracted and classified into different categories according to the studied outcomes. Results: A total of 246 articles were assessed which 136 of them were excluded, and 110 studies were processed for further evaluation. Performing breast self-examination, clinical breast examination, and mammography in Iranian women reported 0%–79.4%, 4.1%–41.1%, and 1.3%-45%, respectively. All of the educational interventions had increased participants’ knowledge, attitude, and practice in performing the screening behaviors. The most essential screening indicators included participation rate (3.8% to 16.8%), detection rate (0.23–8.5/1000), abnormal call rate (28.77% to 33%), and recall rate (24.7%). Conclusion: This study demonstrated heterogeneity in population and design of research about BC early detection in Iran. The necessity of a cost-effective screening program, presenting a proper educational method for increasing women's awareness and estimating screening indices can be the priorities of future researches. Establishing extensive studies at the national level in a standard framework are advised
Spring Water Quality in the Area of Rabat-Sale-Zemour-Zaer (Morocco)

Groundwater is considered good, however, if there are sources of contamination in the area, this water such as that the from springs or wells will be contaminated by different types of pollutant that can be the chemical or biological. Also come a rise demand which results from the demographic growth, of the improvement of the living conditions, the exploitation of spring water, the development of various industries and the extension of irrigation. This book,therefore, provides the hydro-biological analysis of water sources of Morocco's Rabat region.In order to highlight an assessment of physicochemical, metallic and bacteriological quality of the spring water in this area.Part of this work iS devoted to followed the quality of spring waters physico-chemical, metallic and bacteriological parametres)and other part devoted the anthropic activities and factors which can deteriorate these water resources.The various methods used in this work should help to make the light on this type of evaluation of water and should be particulary useful for the professionals in the exploitation of spring waters or other person which studies the impact of the environment on the quality of spring water.
A percolating hard sphere model

Given a homogeneous Poisson point process in ℝd, Haggstrom and Meester (Random Struct Algorithms 9 (1996) 295315) asked whether it is possible to place spheres (of differing radii) centred at the points, in a translation-invariant way, so that the spheres do not overlap but there is an unbounded component of touching spheres. We prove that the answer is yes in sufficiently high dimension. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Random Struct. Alg. , 2009
Improving change tolerance through Capabilities-based design: an empirical analysis

We introduce a Capabilities-based approach for constructing large-scale systems such that they are change-tolerant. The inherent complexity of software systems increases their susceptibility to change when subjected to the vagaries of user needs, technology advances, market demands, and other change-inducing factors. Despite the inevitability of change, traditional requirements engineering strives to develop systems based on a fixed solution; a mostly unsuccessful approach as evidenced by the history of system failures. In contrast, we utilize Capabilities—functional abstractions that are neither as amorphous as user needs nor as rigid as system requirements—to architect systems that accommodate change with minimum impact. These entities are designed to exhibit the desirable characteristics of high cohesion, low coupling, and balanced abstraction levels and are generated by a two-phased process called Capabilities Engineering. Phase I mathematically exploits the structural semantics of a function decomposition graph—a representation of user needs—to formulate change-tolerant Capabilities. Phase II optimizes these Capabilities to comply with schedule and technology constraints. In this paper, we present the overall framework of this process and detail the algorithm to identify Capabilities. In addition, we empirically evaluate the change tolerance of Capabilities resulting from Phase I. For this we examine the ripple effect of needs change on a real-world Course Evaluation System based on the original requirements-based design and the corresponding Capabilities-based design. Our experimental results indicate, with statistical significance, that the Capabilities-based design is less impacted by change and thereby improves the change tolerance of the system when subjected to needs volatility. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Genetic diversity in a jaborandi (Pilocarpus microphyllus Stapf.) germplasm bank assessed by RAPD markers

The aim of this work is to assess the occurrence of genetic variability in a P. microphyllus germplasm bank from Embrapa Amazonia Oriental in Belem, PA, using RAPD markers. DNA was extracted from 93 plants, belonging to 12 sample areas owned by the P. microphyllus germplasm bank. Dendrograms were constructed using Nei & Li's genetic similarity coefficient among plants and among sample areas using NTSYS-pc program. To verify variability distribution, an analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) was obtained, generating among and within sample areas variance. The Shannon index was used to verify the genetic diversity of each area. It was obtained a fine amplitude of similarities among individuals, but the dendrogram did not show a complete clustering of the individuals according to their origin. AMOVA obtained 24.16% among areas variation and 75.84% within areas. presenca de variabilidade genetica no banco de germoplasma de P. microphyllus da Embrapa Amazonia Oriental por meio de marcadores RAPD. Foi extraido o DNA de 93 individuos, pertencentes a 12 areas de coleta presentes no banco de germoplasma. Foram construidos dendrogramas entre individuos e entre areas de coleta, usando os coeficientes de similaridade de Nei & Li por meio do programa NTSYS-pc. Para verificar a distribuicao da variabilidade, foi realizada a analise de variância molecular (AMOVA), sendo obtidas as variâncias entre e dentro de areas de coleta. Foi usado o indice de diversidade de Shannon, para medir a diversidade de cada area. Foi verificada uma boa amplitude de similaridades entre os individuos, sendo que o dendrograma nao agrupou por completo os individuos de acordo com sua origem. A AMOVA obteve 24,16% de variacao entre areas e 75,84% dentro de areas. Palavras-Chave: marcadores moleculares, plantas medicinais, genetica populacional , AMOVA Marcadores geneticos
A Framework for Discrete Integral Transformations I – the Pseudo-polar Fourier Transform

Computing the Fourier transform of a function in polar coordinates is an important building block in many scientific disciplines and numerical schemes. In this paper we present the pseudo-polar Fourier transform that samples the Fourier transform on the pseudo-polar grid, also know as the concentric squares grid. The pseudo-polar grid consists of equally spaced samples along rays, where different rays are equally spaced and not equally angled. The pseudo-polar Fourier transform Fourier transform is shown to be fast (the same complexity as the FFT), stable, invertible, requires only 1D operations, and uses no interpolations. We prove that the pseudo-polar Fourier transform is invertible and develop two algorithms for its inversion: 1 iterative and direct, both with complexity O(n 2 log n), where n × n is the size of the reconstructed image. The iterative algorithm is based on the application of the conjugate-gradient method to the Gram operator of the pseudo-polar Fourier transform. Since the transform is ill-conditioned, we introduce a preconditioner, which significantly accelerates the convergence. The direct inversion algorithm utilizes the special frequency domain structure of the transform in two steps. First, it resamples the pseudo-polar grid to a Cartesian frequency grid, and then, recovers the image from the Cartesian frequency grid.
Simplification of Unstructured Tetrahedral Meshes by Point-Sampling

Tetrahedral meshes are widely used in scientific computing for representing three-dimensional scalar, vector, and tensor fields. Their size and complexity limit the performance of many visualization algorithms, making it hard to achieve interactive visualization. The use of simplified models is one way to enable the real-time exploration of these datasets. In this paper, we propose a novel technique for simplifying large unstructured meshes. Most current techniques simplify the geometry of the mesh using edge collapses. Our technique simplifies the underlying scalar field directly. This is done by segmenting the original scalar field into two pieces: the boundary of the original domain and the interior samples of the scalar field. We then simplify each piece separately, taking into account proper error bounds. Finally, we combine the simplified domain boundary and scalar field into a complete, simplified mesh that can be visualized with standard unstructured data visualization tools. Our technique tends to be faster than edge-collapse based approaches because we do not need to construct a complete representation of the mesh in memory. Also, our memory consumption is considerably lower when compared to edge-collapse approaches. We have been able to simplify large meshes with about 1.4 million cells in less than 8 minutes. The most expensive step in our technique is the computation of a conforming Delaunay tetrahedralization for the simplified data, which consumes over 75% of the time. Simplification of Unstructured Tetrahedral Meshes by Point-Sampling Dirce Uesu ∗ Louis Bavoil ∗ Shachar Fleishman ∗ Cláudio T. Silva ∗ Scientific Computing and Imaging Institute, University of Utah Figure 1: Graphical representation of our simplification pipeline. Our technique separates the original scalar field (shown on the left) into two pieces: the boundary of the original domain and the interior samples of the scalar field. We then simplify each piece separately, taking into account proper error bounds. Finally, we combine the simplified domain boundary and scalar field into a complete, simplified mesh (shown on the right) by computing a conforming Delaunay tetrahedralization and removing the external tetrahedra.
UNICORN: a unified approach for localizing non‐deadlock concurrency bugs

UNICORN is an automated dynamic pattern‐detection‐based technique that finds and ranks problematic memory access patterns for non‐deadlock concurrency bugs. It monitors pairs of memory accesses, combines the pairs into problematic patterns and ranks the patterns by their suspiciousness scores. It detects significant classes of bug types, including order violations and both single‐variable and multivariable atomicity violations, which have been shown to be the most important classes of non‐deadlock concurrency bugs. This paper describes the UNICORN approach, its implementations in Java and C++, and evaluates these implementations empirically. The evaluation shows that UNICORN can effectively compute and rank the patterns that represent concurrency bugs, and perform computation and ranking with reasonable efficiency. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A ug 2 00 5 Evanescence in Coined Quantum Walks

In this paper we complete the analysis begun by two of the authors in a previous work on the discrete quantum walk on the infinite line [J. Phys. A 36:8775-8795 (2003); quant-ph/0303105]. We obtain uniformly convergent asymptotics for the “exponential decay” regions at the leading edges of the main peaks in the Schrödinger (or wave-mechanics) picture. This calculation required us to generalise the method of stationary phase and we describe this extension in some detail, including self-contained proofs of all the technical lemmas required. We also rigorously establish the exact Feynman equivalence between the path-integral and wave-mechanics representations for this system using some techniques from the theory of special functions. Taken together with the previous work, we can now prove every theorem by both routes.
@Western Scholarship@Western

: Resistant hypertension is a major opportunity for prevention of cardiovascular disease. Despite widespread dissemination of consensus guidelines, most patients are uncontrolled with approaches that assume that all patients are the same. Causes of resistant hypertension include 1) non-compliance 2) consumption of substances that aggravate hypertension (such as salt, alcohol, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, licorice, decongestants) and 3) secondary hypertension. Selecting the appropriate therapy for a patient depends on finding the cause of the hypertension. Once rare causes have been eliminated (such as pheochromocytoma, licorice, adult coarctation of the aorta), the cause will usually be found by intelligent interpretation (in the light of medications then being taken) of plasma renin and aldosterone. If stimulated renin is low and the aldosterone is high, the problem is primary aldosteronism, and the best treatment is usually aldosterone antagonists (spironolactone or eplerenone; high-dose amiloride for men where eplerenone is not available). If the renin is high, with secondary hyperaldosteronism, the best treatment is angiotensin receptor blockers or aliskiren. If the renin and aldosterone are both low the problem is over-activity of renal sodium channels and the treatment is amiloride. This approach is particularly important in patients of African origin, who are more likely to have low-renin hypertension.
Bimatoprost 0.01% or 0.03% in patients with glaucoma or ocular hypertension previously treated with latanoprost: two randomized 12-week trials

Background: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the intraocular pressure (IOP)-lowering efficacy and safety of bimatoprost 0.01% or 0.03% as monotherapy in patients treated with latanoprost 0.005% monotherapy who require additional IOP lowering for their ocular hypertension or open-angle glaucoma. Methods: Two prospective, investigator-masked, randomized, parallel-group, multicenter reach their target IOP on latanoprost can achieve additional IOP lowering and maintain monotherapy by replacing latanoprost with bimatoprost. Reductions in IOP from latanoprost baseline were larger with bimatoprost 0.01% than with bimatoprost 0.03%, and bimatoprost 0.01% had a more favorable tolerability profile.
The 2CNF Boolean Formula Satisﬁability Problem and the Linear Space Hypothesis 23

We aim at investigating the solvability/insolvability of nondeterministic logarithmic-space (NL) decision, search, and optimization problems parameterized by size parameters using simultaneously polynomial time and sub-linear space on multi-tape deterministic Turing machines. We are particularly focused on a special NL-complete problem, 2SAT—the 2CNF Boolean (propositional) formula satisﬁability problem—parameterized by the total number m vbl ( φ ) of Boolean variables of each given Boolean formula φ . It is shown that 2SAT with n variables and m clauses can be solved simultaneously polynomial time and ( n/ 2 c √ log n ) polylog ( m + n ) space for an absolute constant c > 0. This fact inspires us to propose a new, practical working hypothesis, called the linear space hypothesis (LSH), which states that 2SAT 3 —a restricted variant of 2SAT in which each variable of a given 2CNF formula appears at most 3 times in the form of literals—cannot be solved simultaneously in polynomial time using strictly “sub-linear” (i.e., m vbl ( x ) ε polylog ( | x | ) for a certain ﬁxed constant ε ∈ [0 , 1)) space on all instances x . Immediate consequences of this working hypothesis include L 6 = NL, LOGDCFL 6 = LOGCFL, and SC 6 = NSC. Moreover, we use our hypothesis as a plausible basis to lead to the insolvability of various NL search problems as well as the nonapproximability of NL optimization problems. The choice of (2SAT 3 , m vbl ) is not whimsi-cal because it is replaceable by, for example, the degree-3 directed s - t connectivity problem (3DSTCON) parameterized by the total number of vertices. For our investigation, since standard logarithmic-space reductions may no longer preserve polynomial-time sub-linear-space complexity, we need to introduce a new, restricted notion of “short reduction. ” For a syntactically restricted version of NL, called Syntactic NL ω or SNL ω , (2SAT 3 , m vbl ) is in fact hard for parameterized SNL ω via such short reductions. This fact supports the legitimacy of our working hypothesis.
An Empirical Study of Crash-inducing Commits in Mozilla Firefox

Software crashes are feared by software organisations and end users. Many software organisations have embedded automatic crash reporting tools in their software systems to help development teams track and fix crash-related bugs. Previous techniques, which focus on the triaging of crash-types and crash-related bugs, can help software practitioners increase their debugging efficiency on crashes. But, these techniques can only be applied after the crashes occurred and already affected a large population of users. To help software organisations detect and address crash-prone code early, we conduct a case study of commits that would lead to crashes, called "crash-inducing commits", in Mozilla Firefox. We found that crash-inducing commits are often submitted by developers with less experience. Developers perform more addition and deletion of lines of code in crash-inducing commits. We built predictive models to help software practitioners detect and fix crash-prone bugs early on. Our predictive models achieve a precision of 61.4% and a recall of 95.0%. Software organisations can use our proposed predictive models to track and fix crash-prone commits early on before they negatively impact users; increasing bug fixing efficiency and user-perceived quality.
Rate-distortion Theory for the Shannon Cipher System

permission to reprint/republish this material for advertising or promotional purposes or for creating new collective works for resale or redistribution to servers or lists, or to reuse any copyrighted component of this work in other works must be obtained from the IEEE. Abstract—Rate-distortion theory is considered for the Shannon cipher system (SCS). The admissible region of cryptogram rate R, key rate R k , legitimate receiver's distortion D, and wiretapper's uncertainty h is determined for the SCS with a noisy channel. Furthermore, inner and outer bounds of the admissible region of R, R k , D, and wiretapper's attainable minimum distortion ~ D are derived for the SCS with a finite discrete source and a noiseless channel.
Automated Reusability Quality Analysis of Oo Legacy Software

Software reuse increases productivity, reduces costs, and improves quality. Object-oriented (OO) software has been shown to be inherently more reusable than functionally decomposed software; however, most OO software was not speci®cally designed for reuse [Software Reuse Guidelines and Methods, Plenum Press, New York, 1991]. This paper describes the analysis, in terms of quality factors related to reusability, contained in an approach that aids signi®cantly in assessing existing OO software for reusability. An automated tool implementing the approach is validated by comparing the tool's quality determinations to that of human experts. This comparison provides insight into how OO software metrics should be interpreted in relation to the quality factors they purport to measure. q 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.