Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
BNT162b2 mRNA Vaccine Interference with Co-Administration of Tdap Vaccine

Patient: Female, 29-year-old Final Diagnosis: Delayed immune response Symptoms: None Medication:— Clinical Procedure: — Specialty: Infectious Diseases Objective: Unusual or unexpected effect of treatment Background: It is unknown if the efficacy of the coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) vaccine is affected by the co-administration of other vaccines. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has shifted their recommendations recently, allowing for the co-administration of the currently available COVID-19 vaccines with other vaccines. This is based on the experience with non-COVID-19 vaccines, where the immunogenicity and adverse event profiles were generally similar when vaccines are administered simultaneously or alone. Case Report: We present a case of a 29-year-old Asian woman who received the first dose of BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine and the tetanus toxoid, reduced diphtheria toxoid, and acellular pertussis (Tdap) vaccine at around the same time. BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine and Tdap vaccine were administered into the deltoid region of the left arm and right arm, respectively. We then monitored for immunogenicity. We observed a delay in the development of SARS-CoV-2 Spike (S1) protein antibodies at around 8 weeks after the second dose. Conclusions: Unless warranted, it is important to adhere to current CDC recommendations with regards to the co-administration of vaccines. Although the administration of Tdap with COVID-19 vaccine in our case caused delay in immunogenicity, it did not negate the ability of the BNT162B2 mRNA vaccine to elicit an adequate immune response. The reason for delay in immune response with co-administration of COVID-19 vaccines with other vaccines is unknown and further studies are needed.
Candidemia Risk Prediction (CanDETEC) Model for Patients With Malignancy: Model Development and Validation in a Single-Center Retrospective Study

Background Appropriate empirical treatment for candidemia is associated with reduced mortality; however, the timely diagnosis of candidemia in patients with sepsis remains poor. Objective We aimed to use machine learning algorithms to develop and validate a candidemia prediction model for patients with cancer. Methods We conducted a single-center retrospective study using the cancer registry of a tertiary academic hospital. Adult patients diagnosed with malignancies between January 2010 and December 2018 were included. Our study outcome was the prediction of candidemia events. A stratified undersampling method was used to extract control data for algorithm learning. Multiple models were developed—a combination of 4 variable groups and 5 algorithms (auto-machine learning, deep neural network, gradient boosting, logistic regression, and random forest). The model with the largest area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) was selected as the Candida detection (CanDETEC) model after comparing its performance indexes with those of the Candida Score Model. Results From a total of 273,380 blood cultures from 186,404 registered patients with cancer, we extracted 501 records of candidemia events and 2000 records as control data. Performance among the different models varied (AUROC 0.771- 0.889), with all models demonstrating superior performance to that of the Candida Score (AUROC 0.677). The random forest model performed the best (AUROC 0.889, 95% CI 0.888-0.889); therefore, it was selected as the CanDETEC model. Conclusions The CanDETEC model predicted candidemia in patients with cancer with high discriminative power. This algorithm could be used for the timely diagnosis and appropriate empirical treatment of candidemia.
RNA‐seq bulked segregant analysis combined with KASP genotyping rapidly identified PmCH7087 as responsible for powdery mildew resistance in wheat

Powdery mildew causes considerable yield losses in common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) production. Mapping and cloning powdery mildew‐resistant quantitative trait loci can benefit stable yield production by facilitating the breeding of resistant varieties. In this study, we used the powdery mildew resistance introgression line ‘CH7087’ (harboring the resistance gene PmCH7087) and developed a large F2 population and a corresponding F2:3 segregation population containing 2,000 family lines for molecular mapping of PmCH7087. Genetic analysis demonstrated that the resistance phenotype was controlled by a single dominant gene. According to the performance exhibited by the F2:3 lines, 50 resistant lines and 50 susceptible lines without phenotype segregation were chosen for pooling and bulked segregant RNA sequencing (BSR‐Seq) analysis. A region spanning 42.77 Mb was identified, and genotyping of an additional 183 F2:3 lines with extreme phenotypes using 20 kompetitive allele‐specific polymerase chain reaction (KASP) markers in the BSR‐Seq mapping regions confirmed this region and narrowed it to 9.68 Mb, in which 45 genes were identified and annotated. Five of these transcripts harbored nonsynonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms between the two parents, with the transcripts of TraesCS2B01G302800 being involved in signal transduction. Furthermore, TraesCS2B01G302800.2 was annotated as the closest homologue of serine/threonine‐protein kinase PBS1, a typical participant in the plant disease immune response, indicating that TraesCS2B01G302800 was the candidate gene of PmCH7087. Our results may facilitate future research attempting to improve powdery mildew resistance in wheat and to identify candidate genes for further verification and gene cloning.
Tracing of intracellular pH in cancer cells in response to Taxol treatment

ABSTRACT Genetically encoded pH-sensors are the promising instrument for intracellular pH (pHi) registration. In tumor tissue the reversed pH gradient is known to be the important hallmark of cancer and regulator of tumor response on chemotherapy. However the effect of chemotherapeutic drugs on the pHi of tumor cells is largely unknown. Here we using genetically encoded ratiometric pH-sensor SypHer2 were able to monitor pHi in vitro in cell monolayer and tumor spheroids and in vivo in tumor xenografts. In tumor cell monolayer different pHi dynamic was revealed in the dying cell and division-arrested surviving cells. The treatment effect of taxol varied in monolayer and tumor spheroids and pHi changes were able to reflect these difference. The tend to pHi decrease in respect to taxol in vivo matched with results obtained for the cell monolayer. Also in both cases the cell cycle-arrest was the main treatment effect in contrast to tumor spheroid, where the cell death was the primary result. These findings elucidate the significance of pHi in the mechanisms of taxol action on cervical cancer cells and will be valuable for development of new approaches for cancer treatment.
Retrospective analysis of silicon intubation by Ritleng probe and Sutupak suture fixed in silicone tube in congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction

Purpose: The aim of this study was to perform a retrospective review of the outcome of silicon intubation using the Ritleng probe and a modified braided silk suture (Ethicon Sutupak) fixed in a silicone tube in children with congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction (CNLDO). Methods: Records of all children between 1 and 12 years of age who underwent silicone tube intubation with the Ritleng probe and Ethicon Sutupak suture (2-0) fixed in silicone tube for CNLDO with a minimum of 1-year follow-up were identified. The hollow Ritleng probe was inserted via the canaliculus into the inferior meatus. The Sutupak thread-guide, attached to the silicone tube, was advanced through the probe lumen and retrieved using a hook under endoscopic visualization. The tube ends were tied to each other and tube removal was planned after 3 months. Absence of watering, discharge, and matted lashes after removal of silicone tube was defined as success. Results: One hundred and fifty-two eyes of 152 children with a mean age of 3.26 ± 2.3 years were included in the study. The procedure was successful in 145 eyes (95%) after removal of the silicone intubation with relief of symptoms observed in most patients by fifth-day follow-up (n = 120 eyes, 83%). The mean duration of follow-up was 3.48 ± 1.3 years. No other significant differences were observed between patients who did (n = 47) and did not (n = 105) have previous probing including success rates (95% vs. 96%, P = 0.89). Conclusion: Silicone intubation with Ritleng probe and Sutupak suture fixed in silicone tube was successful in resolution of symptoms of CNLDO in majority of patients. Using a low-cost suture did not affect success rates.
Anti-vascular endothelial growth factor in the management of retinopathy of prematurity: A survey among the members of Indian Retinopathy of Prematurity Society

Purpose: To report the results of the survey for the role of anti-VEGF in the management of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) among the members of Indian ROP (iROP) society. Methods: A questionnaire was designed in English using Google forms and its link was circulated to the members of the iROP society on their mobile numbers. The survey included questions pertaining to demographics, anti-VEGF agents, injection technique, post-injection follow-up, and documentation pertaining to their ROP practice. Anonymous responses were obtained and analyzed for individual questions. Results: 226 members of the society were contacted and 157 responded (69.4%) to the survey. 137 (87.2%) respondents used anti-VEGF in the management of ROP. Aggressive posterior ROP (APROP) was the most common indication (78, 52.7%). The procedure was carried out in the main operation room (102, 70.3%) simultaneously for both the eyes (97; 68%) under topical anesthesia (134; 86.4%) by most of the respondents. One-hundred thirteen (77.9%) respondents used half of the adult dose, irrespective of the agent used; however, more than half of them preferred bevacizumab (85, 54%). 53 (36.3%) respondents followed up infants as per disease severity rather than a fixed schedule while only 33 (23%) performed photo documentation. 151 (96.2%) respondents felt the need for guidelines regarding the usage of anti-VEGF in ROP. Conclusion: There is an increase in the trend towards the use of anti-VEGF in the management of severe ROP, particularly APROP. However, there are considerable variations among the ROP practitioners regarding the agent, dosage, follow-up schedule, and documentation, suggesting the need for uniform guidelines.
Associations between bacterial vaginosis, candida vaginitis, trichomonas vaginalis, and vaginal pathogenic community in Chinese women.

BACKGROUND To investigate the associations between Vaginal Pathogenic Community with Bacterial vaginosis, Candida vaginitis, and Trichomonas vaginalis in Chinese women. METHOD In this experiment, ten BV, nine VVC, eight TV patients, and four non-infected healthy women were recruited. The vaginal samples were collected from the vaginal orifice, the middle of the vagina, and vaginal fornix from every participant and conducted with next-generation sequencing (NGS). The NGS was based upon the analysis of bacterial 16S rRNA genes by using the Illumina Miseq system. RESULTS No significant difference in microbiome community structures was observed for the three sampling sites from the same subject. Compared with the healthy population, patients with BV and TV showed more diverse symptoms and had a lower amount of Lactobacillus but a higher number of BV-related bacteria like Atopobium, Dialister, Sneathia, Mobiluncus, and Prevotella. On the contrary, the species composition of the VVC group is relatively simple, which has a significantly high abundance of Lactobacillus. Eight genera, including Arcanobacterium, Clostridium, Moryella, Mobiluncus, Shuttleworthia, Dialister, Bulleidia, and Megasphaera, were closely correlated with BV. Among vaginal pathogenic bacteria, Anaerococcus, Lysobacter, Mycoplasma, Peptoniphilus, Sneathia, and Prevotella were more common, with higher copy numbers in the TV group. CONCLUSIONS The data outlined the overall structure of vaginal communities, indicating that BV and TV were touching related to a sharp increase in the rich taxonomy and diversity of vaginal microbiota. VVC group presented a lower variety, with a significantly high abundance of Lactobacillus.
Evaluation of the diagnostic potential and DIVA capability of recombinant LigBCon1-5 protein of Leptospira interrogans serovar Pomona in canine leptospirosis.

Background Canine leptospirosis is a serious public health concern. Aims This study aims to investigate the feasibility of conserved first to fifth domains of recombinant Leptospira immunoglobulin like protein B antigen (rLigBCon1-5) as a serodiagnostic marker for detecting canine leptospirosis. Methods A total of 340 unvaccinated canine serum samples were screened using microscopic agglutination test (MAT) and rLigBCon1-5 based immunoglobulin G (IgG) indirect-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (I-ELISA). Further, 60 vaccinated canine sera were screened using MAT and rLigBCon1-5 based latex agglutination test (LAT). Results Microscopic agglutination test results revealed seropositivity of 28.6%. The relative sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of IgG I-ELISA in comparison to MAT were 100%, 96.0%, and 97.2%, respectively. Out of 60 vaccinated sera, 46 sera reacted with MAT alone, and eight sera reacted by both tests, while six sera were non-reactive with both tests. Anti-LigB antibodies were detected in eight canine sera by rLigBCon1-5 based LAT. In five LAT reactive sera, agglutinins of locally circulating Leptospira serovars Grippotyphosa (n=4) and Australis (n=1) were detected. In three LAT reactive sera, agglutinins against Icterohaemorrhagiae (n=3) produced due to natural infection were present. Conclusion Immunoglobulin G based indirect ELISA assay (IgG I-ELISA) can be employed as an alternative test instead of MAT. rLigBCon1-5 based LAT detected anti-LigB antibodies in eight vaccinated sera where the vaccine failure occurred partially or totally due to the limited efficacy spectrum of Nobivac® RL and cold chain breakage. This vaccine could not provide cross-protection against locally circulating Leptospira serovars. The recombinant LigBCon1-5 antigen based LAT possesses capability of differentiating infected from vaccinated individuals (DIVA capability) when employed as a pen-side test for detecting canine leptospirosis.
Women’s Psychological Health, Family Function, and Social Support During Their Third Trimester of Pregnancy Within the COVID-19 Epidemic: A Cross-sectional Survey

Abstract Objective: This study aims to investigate women’s psychological health, family function, and social support during the third trimester within the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic. Method: From January 30, 2020, to February 26, 2020, a total of 177 pregnant women during their third trimester (mean gestation time was 37.05 ± 4.06 wk) in a maternal and children’s hospital were investigated using the Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS), the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale, the Family APGAR Index, and the Perceived Social Support Scale. Nonparametric tests were conducted in the study. The statistical significance was set as P < 0.05. Result: The incidence rate of the participants’ anxiety and depression during the COVID-19 epidemic was 19.21% and 24.29%, respectively. The participants’ greatest concerns in the previous week were the risk of virus transmission (79.66%), and the prenatal examination and fetal growth (70.62%). The SAS ranks were higher in the participants who were concerned about the prenatal examination and fetal growth and work-related affairs. Conclusion: The participants’ psychological health was indirectly affected by the epidemic through the supply of medical resources and work-related factors. The medical staff should employ family support and social resources to guarantee the accessibility of medical services and living materials to decrease the pregnant women’s stress and further improve their psychological health.
Salinomycin mediated therapeutic targeting of circulating stem like cell population in oral cancer

Abstract CD44+ circulating tumor stem cells (CTSCs) have been significantly associated with aggressiveness, resistance and poor prognosis of oral cancer patients. Thus, targeted elimination of these CTSCs could be a new conceptual framework for enhancing the therapeutic outcome of patients. Docking of potential investigational molecules and simulation results identified Salinomycin as a potential lead compound that could effectively inhibit CD44 receptor. To assess the cytotoxic effect, immuno-magnetically sorted circulatory CD44+ cells were subjected to increasing concentrations of 5FU, Cisplatin and Salinomycin. Salinomycin demonstrated significant cytotoxic effect towards the CD44+ subpopulation in a dose and time dependent manner. Further the effect of these compounds was investigated on apoptosis, cell cycle, signaling pathways and gene expression profiles using MuseTM flow cytometer and Real-Time PCR. It was observed that mRNA expression patterns of CD44v6, Nanog, AKT1, CDKN2A and β-catenin of Salinomycin treated CD44+ cells. Moreover, Salinomycin significantly induced programmed cell death by inducing G2/M cell cycle arrest and inhibiting MAPK/PI3K pathways in this chemo-resistant population. Thus, this study demonstrated the potential of Salinomycin to target the chemo-resistant circulating CD44 population by attenuating its proliferation and survival. Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma
Mathematical Modelling of Heat Transfer in Mortadella Bologna PGI during Evaporative Pre-Cooling

Abstract Mortadella evaporative pre-cooling process from 70 to 50°C at core was investigated: the thermal diffusivity and the apparent heat transfer coefficient were experimentally estimated. The effects of ventilation and water spraying with different intervals (0, 5, 10 and 15 min) were tested and core and surface temperatures, cooling times and cook values were compared. Water spraying every 5 min combined with ventilation allowed obtaining both lowest cooling time and cook values in the product. On the contrary, continuous spraying (no interval) presented higher cooling times since probably, after a certain time, water formed a continuous film on product surface, which prevented evaporation. Based on the experimental data, a finite differences mathematical model, previously applied to Mortadella cooking process, was developed and validated by means of two cooling procedures. Acceptable approximation and low percentage errors on final core temperature were obtained, confirming the usefulness and reliability of the proposed model.
The thermal environment as a moderator of social evolution

Animal sociality plays a crucial organisational role in evolution. As a result, understanding the factors that promote the emergence, maintenance, and diversification of animal societies is of great interest to biologists. Climate is among the foremost ecological factors implicated in evolutionary transitions in social organisation, but we are only beginning to unravel the possible mechanisms and specific climatic variables that underlie these associations. Ambient temperature is a key abiotic factor shaping the spatio‐temporal distribution of individuals and has a particularly strong influence on behaviour. Whether such effects play a broader role in social evolution remains to be seen. In this review, we develop a conceptual framework for understanding how thermal effects integrate into pathways that mediate the opportunities, nature, and context of social interactions. We then implement this framework to discuss the capacity for temperature to initiate organisational changes across three broad categories of social evolution: group formation, group maintenance, and group elaboration. For each category, we focus on pivotal traits likely to have underpinned key social transitions and explore the potential for temperature to affect changes in these traits by leveraging empirical examples from the literature on thermal and behavioural ecology. Finally, we discuss research directions that should be prioritised to understand the potentially constructive and/or destructive effects of future warming on the origins, maintenance, and diversification of animal societies.
Household environmental microbiota influences early-life eczema development.

Exposure to a diverse microbial environment during pregnancy and early postnatal period is important in determining predisposition towards allergy. However, the effect of environmental microbiota exposure on allergy during preconception, pregnancy and postnatal life on development of allergy in the child has not been investigated so far. In the S-PRESTO (Singapore PREconception Study of long Term maternal and child Outcomes) cohort, we collected house dust during all three critical window periods and analysed microbial composition using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. At 6 and 18 months, the child was assessed for eczema by clinicians. In the eczema group, household environmental microbiota was characterized by presence of human-associated bacteria Actinomyces, Anaerococcus, Finegoldia, Micrococcus, Prevotella and Propionibacterium at all time points, suggesting their possible contributions to regulating host immunity and increasing the susceptibility to eczema. In the home environment of the control group, putative protective effect of an environmental microbe Planomicrobium (Planococcaceae family) was observed to be significantly higher than that in the eczema group. Network correlation analysis demonstrated inverse relationships between beneficial Planomicrobium and human associated bacteria (Actinomyces, Anaerococcus, Finegoldia, Micrococcus, Prevotella and Propionibacterium). Exposure to natural environmental microbiota may be beneficial to modulate shed human associated microbiota in an indoor environment. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.