Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Fermented Milks Fortified with B-group Vitamins: Vitamin Stability and Effect on Resulting Products

Four fermented milks were made from cow's milk fortified with B-group vitamins (thiamine (B1), riboflavin (B2), pyridoxine, pyridoxal, pyridoxamine and folic acid) inoculated with different mixed probiotic cultures. Fermented milks made from non-fortified milk were used as controls. Some vitamins were partly lost during heating of the milk and fermentation but the level of all vitamins remained stable during storage for 16 days at 4°C. Species and strain of the culture were clearly found to affect the vitamin level throughout fermentation and storage of the products. Fortification was observed as having no impact on the composition or sensory properties of the products, attributes that were found to be mainly dependent on the culture. At the fortification level applied, fermented products could be a good alternative to dietary supplements, because they are readily consumed and combine the beneficial effects of probiotic microorganisms with important amounts of valuable vitamins.
Virtual reality for student learning: Understanding individual differences

Virtual reality (VR) is emerging as a rapidly developing technology that holds signiﬁcant promises to impact student learning. In this review, we focus on the features of this technology regarding levels of immersion and interac(cid:415)on and individual diﬀerences in cogni(cid:415)ve characteris(cid:415)cs of VR learners. We a(cid:425)empt to parse the speciﬁc technological features that enable eﬀec(cid:415)ve learning and examine how students mentally process these features. While VR helps to create situated learning condi(cid:415)ons, its theore(cid:415)cal signiﬁcance lies in its ability to provide percep(cid:415)on-ac(cid:415)on enabled experiences to the learner, and it is these experiences that lead to posi(cid:415)ve behavioural and brain outcomes compared to tradi(cid:415)onal methods of learning. Our discussion highlights the understanding of VR learning with respect to individual diﬀerences, especially in spa(cid:415)al abili(cid:415)es of the learner, and how variability in spa(cid:415)al abili(cid:415)es might impact both spa(cid:415)al learning and language learning.
Carotenes Content in Carrot Roots (Daucus carota L.) as affected by Cultivation and Storage

Carotenes Content in Carrot Roots (Daucus carota L.) as affected by Cultivation and Storage The influence of area, variety, year and storage on β-carotene content and dry matter content of selected carrot varieties were tested. Carrot roots of four varieties were examined during two years period (2002-2003), cultivated under different climatic and soil conditions in three areas of Slovakia - Nitra, Komárno and Prusy. Carrot varieties (Nevis F1, Idaho F1, Florida F1, Kathmandu F1) showed the greatest mean content of β-carotene (23.25 mg·100 g-1) in Nitra area, year 2003. Irrigation showed negative influence on β-carotene content. The highest content of β-carotene showed variety Florida F1 (26.3 mg·100 g-1). Mean higher contents of dry matter were determined in the year 2003 compared to the year 2002. Loss of β-carotene during carrot storage was observed higher in the cellar than in the cold storage. Mean loss of β-carotene in dry matter for cold storage was 13.57-14.28%, compared to cellar 20-27.3%. Zawartość Karotenu w Korzeniach Marchwi (Daucus Carota L.) w Zależności od Warunków Uprawy i Przechowywania Badano wpływ rejonu uprawy, odmiany, roku i przechowywania na zawartość β-karotenu i zawartość suchej masy u wybranych odmian marchwi. Oceniano korzenie czterech odmian marchwi przez okres dwóch lat (2002-2003), uprawianych w różnych warunkach glebowo-klimatycznych w trzech rejonach Słowacji - Nitra, Komárno i Prusy. Odmiany marchwi (Nevis F1, Idaho F1, Florida F1, Kathmandu F1) wykazały największą średnią zawartość β-karotenu (23,25 mg·100 g-1) w rejonie Nitra w roku 2003. Nawadnianie miało negatywny wpływ na zawartość β-karotenu. Największą zawartością β-karotenu wykazała się odmiana Florida F1 (26,3 mg·100 g-1). Wyższe wartości średniej zawartości suchej masy odnotowano w roku 2003 w porównaniu z rokiem 2002. Większe straty w zawartości β-karotenu obserwowano podczas przechowywania marchwi w piwnicy niż w chłodni. Średni ubytek β-karotenu w suchej masie wynosił 13,57-14,28% w chłodni w porównaniu do 20-27,3% w piwnicy.
Olfactory sensitivity to conspecific bile fluid and skin mucus in the European eel Anguilla anguilla (L.)

The present study assessed the olfactory potency of conspecific bile fluid and skin mucus in the European eel Anguilla anguilla by the electro-olfactogram. Immature males showed high olfactory sensitivity to conspecific bile, giving large amplitude responses in a concentration-dependent manner with estimated thresholds of detection of <1:107 (n= 6). Mucus also proved to contain highly potent odorants with thresholds of detection of c. 1:106 (n= 6). Crude solid-phase extraction of bile fluid (C-18 and C-2/ENV+ cartridges) showed that the majority of olfactory activity in bile fluid was contained in the eluate of C-18 cartridges (n= 6). There were quantitative differences, however, between the sexes; female bile fluid had a higher proportion of activity in this fraction. Similar solid-phase extraction of mucus showed that it contains a higher proportion of odorants in the C-18 filtrate than bile fluid. Mucus from mature eels, however, had a higher proportion of olfactory activity in the eluate than immature fish (n= 6). Cross-adaptation experiments suggest that there are qualitative differences in the odorants contained in bile and mucus depending on both the sex and state of sexual maturation of the donor (n= 6). These results are consistent with a role for chemical communication in the reproduction of the European eel and suggest that both bile and mucus are potential sources of the odorants involved.
Non-Bacterial Agents of Foodborne Illness

Many species of worm parasites and protozoans live in the gastrointestinal tract, but only a few are cause of serious gastrointestinal disorders. Transmission of intestinal parasites is mediated by the release of cysts, eggs or larvae, usually in stools. Some species are acquired through contaminated food or water or directly from the diseased person or animal. Gastrointestinal disorders occurring range from a mild diarrhoeal disease to an acute or chronic illness or, more rarely, to a life-threatening disease caused by spreading of parasites into the blood and organs. Planktonic and benthic algae can produce very toxic compounds which may be transported to filter-feeding shellfish or to herbivorous fish which are food for larger carnivorous fish. Along the food chain they can be concentrated, and fish caught for human consumption can be toxic. In addition, some moulds have the ability to produce toxic metabolites, such as mycotoxins, in foods and are associated with human disease, for example gastroenteritis or cancer. Mushrooms also are considered as a traditional source of food but there are a few species considered to be deadly poisonous, including Amanita phalloides and Cortinarius.
Understanding informal jewellery apprenticeship in Ghana: Nature, processes and challanges

Context: The processes of acquiring education in jewellery in Ghana has been dominated by the informal apprenticeship system and it forms the backbone of the workforce of the jewellery industry in Ghana. However, the patronage of informal jewellery apprenticeship in Ghana in recent times has been on decline even though it has the potential of training human resources to transform Ghana’s precious mineral resources sector.This is based on the belief that jewellery trade and its training are shrouded in secrecy, in other words, the jewellery trade is considered to be a sacred profession where information on its operating systems are not allowed to be shared easily. It is believed to be associated with cult and magic, hence the reluctant to admit people who are from outside the family of particular jewellery enterprise. This study is sought to bring to fore the understanding nature, processes and challenges of the informal jewellery apprenticeship in Ghana. Approach: The study adopted the descriptive and phenomenology research designs (qualitative research methods). Jewellers who own a jewellery business and who are training other people through apprenticeships as well as people who are trained are observed and interviewed. A sample size was selected through purposive and convenience sampling techniques from four jewellery enterprises in Accra, Ghana. A thematic analysis plan was adopted to generate fndings of the study. Findings: The results show that for a person to train as a jeweller, s/he has to enrol by going through induction, futhremore fees (money and perishable items) are to be paid. The training content is driven by orders received by the master jeweller, thereby making it unstructured and lacking criteria for assessing the performance and progress of apprentice jewellers. Teaching and learning methods are usually on-the-job training that rely on demonstrations and observation.Conclusion: Informal jewellery apprenticeship in Ghana uses a fexible, cost-efective approach for transferring jewellery making skills from masters to apprentice jewellers, and it has substantial potential for improving skills training in the country. Sometimes the reluctant of some jeweller to train others is to keep the trade to family members only.
Variation in seed longevity among different populations, species and genera found in collections from wild Australian plants

Natural variation in longevity among populations of the same species, and between species and genera was investigated to inform seed-collection strategies. Seed longevity for 30 wild Australian populations was measured with a controlled ageing test. The populations were represented by eight species from three genera, namely Minuria (Asteraceae), Wahlenbergia (Campanulaceae) and Plantago (Plantaginaceae), each collected from up to eight different locations. Seedsurvival curves were fitted by using the equation v =Ki + p/s, which allowed comparison of the initial population viability (Ki), the population distribution of seed life spans (s), and mean seed longevity (P50, calculated as Kis). At a genus level, the average P50 indicated that M. integerrima (DC) Benth. is the longest-lived, Wahlenbergia is intermediate and Plantago is the shortest-lived. However, there was also variation in P50 values among populations of most species. Some species had the same s value for all populations, e.g. all eight populations of W. communis Carolin had the same s value, with the differences in Ki causing the variation in P50. This consistency in s existed even though seedlots were collected from diverse locations, with mean annual rainfall ranging from 180 to 840 mm. In comparison, for the six seedlots of W. gracilis (G.Forst.) A.DC. , a large difference in s as well asKi led to the variability in P50, with some indication of a possible correlation between annual rainfall and P50 or s in some species. A relationship between variation in s and the breeding system is proposed for Wahlenbergia. The data show that it can be risky to expect accurate prediction of seed longevity for a wild species on the basis of survival data from a single collection.
THE EFFECT OF GENETIC AND NON-GENETIC FACTORS ON PRODUCTION TRAITS OF SIMMENTAL COWS

This study covered 737 controlled first calving Simmental cows with, lactations concluded within one year. All first calving animals were on the farms of individual farmers in the municipalities of Kragujevac and Mladenovac. The research included the influence of bull sires, year and season of calving on milk yield and fertility. Least squares method was used to determine the average duration of lactation of 323.74 days. For a period of 305 days, heifers produced 3701.67 kg of milk, or 3644.58 kg of 4% FCM. The average production of milk fat was 144.26 kg and milk fat content was 3.88%. The interval from calving to first insemination lasted in average 124.19 days, and the animals were first calved at the age of 789.95 days. The bull sires had a highly significant effect (P<0.01) on the duration of lactation, milk yield and 4% FCM, milk fat yield and content and age of cows at first calving. The duration of service period was not under significant effect (P>0.05) of bull sires. Year of calving had a significant effect (P<0.01) on the duration of lactation, production of milk, milk fat and 4% FCM. Milk fat content, service period and age at first calving did not show significant variation due to the impact of different years of calving (P>0.05). Season of calving of cows demonstrated highly significant effect (P 0.05) on the production of milk fat, however it had no effect (P>0.05) on the milk fat content, duration of lactation and service period and age at calving.
Transitioning from open to robotic lung surgery

Robotic lobectomy has grown considerably since its introduction over a decade ago. At its inception, a few surgeons took up the challenge of learning this new paradigm. In the subsequent years, new training pathways have been introduced along with simulation, mentorship, video review and telementoring. This has allowed open surgeons to transition to robotic lobectomy but little data exists to provide open surgeons an understanding of what occurs as ones adopts this technique. In this chapter, we will provide some personal perspective about our transition and then review the data around key issues for the predominantly open surgeon contemplating transitioning to robotic lung resection.
Cybervetting and the Public Life of Social Media Data

The article examines whether and how the ever-evolving practice of using social media to screen job applicants may undermine people’s trust in the organizations that are engaging in this practice. Using a survey of 429 participants, we assess whether their comfort level with cybervetting can be explained by the factors outlined by Petronio’s communication privacy management theory: culture, gender, motivation, and risk-benefit ratio. We find that respondents from India are significantly more comfortable with social media screening than those living in the United States. We did not find any gender-based differences in individuals’ comfort with social media screening, which suggests that there may be some consistent set of norms, expectations, or “privacy rules” that apply in the context of employment seeking—irrespective of gender. As a theoretical contribution, we apply the communication privacy management theory to analyze information that is publicly available, which offers a unique extension of the theory that focuses on private information. Importantly, the research suggests that privacy boundaries are not only important when it comes to private information, but also with information that is publicly available on social media. The research identifies that just because social media data are public, does not mean people do not have context-specific and data-specific expectations of privacy.
Effect of Keystone Mine Effluent on Colonization of Stream Benthos

Colonization cages were filled with organism-free, standardized, stone substrate and placed in the stream bed above and below the effluent from an inactive lead and zinc mine in western Colorado. A significantly higher proportion of the total individuals colonizing cages from an upstream direction were dead below the effluent compared with the controls above the effluent. The percent ''mortality'' of the mayfly, Baetis bicaudatus, the dominant species in Coal Creek, was also consistently higher below the effluent. Total numbers of live insects colonizing cages were generally higher above the effluent; but results were not as consistent as ''mortality'' data. A diversity index (H'), species richness, and equitability (J') of the samples were not reliable indices of responses to stress by the benthic community. Given cages with contaminated substrate in uncontaminted water, the community recovered remarkably quickly. Colonizing populations were indistinguishable from those of control cages with uncontaminated substrate within 9 days. We conclude that the substrate habitat below the mine effluent is unsuitable for most benthic invertebrates and that the colonization technique that allows determination of percent mortality is more consistent and reliable than conventional measures of diversity for assessing the response of benthic invertebrates to stress. If water qualitymore » can be restored to a pristine state, the benthos may rapidly recover from the effects of previous acid mine drainage stress. « less
EXPLORING THE INFLUENCES OF CELEBRITY ENDORSEMENT ON PURCHASE INTENTION AND BRAND LOYALTY AMONG RURAL YOUTH

Celebrity endorsement is a marketing strategy used by corporate companies or some non-profit organizations which involving the celebrities and a well-known reputed or intellectual person by using their social status and their fame in the society. It helps to organization to promote the product, service or even raise awareness on products In addition to that multinational corporations are used celebrity endorsement in the advertisement owing to strongly believed that the celebrities in advertisement have a unique vital and it create more influence on consumer buying behaviour, purchase intention and their brand loyalty. In India, normally people will consider celebrities such as cine starts and cricketers are their role models and they follow their trends such as dressing, hair styles and habits etc. In this paper, we considered the impact of celebrity endorsement among rural youth, students of their purchase intensions and loyalty of beverages used rural students. In order to examine the objective of the present study the data were collected out of the total population, using convenience sampling of 245 respondents are randomly selected. Data was collected through a well-developed structured questionnaire. The impact of celebrity endorsement is computed by using Smart Partial Least Squares (Smart PLS) tool. It is evident from the results; Celebrity Endorsement is played most significant role in shaping brand loyalty of a consumer based on their purchase intension.
The “new bone”: Some anthropological potentials

Discovery of the skeletal intermediary organization in 1964 led to recognition of many functions and purposes served by its mechanisms in living skeletons and some of the action principles and agents that control them. Collectively they determine the macroscopic and microscopic anatomy of skeletons during growth and in adult life. Growing understanding of how and why those mechanisms affect skeletal structure now allows many features of their controls in life (growth, mechanical usage, disease, nutrition, age, sex, species) to be inferred from skeletal micro- and macromorphology with useful confidence. Such matters deserve recognition and systematic study by anthropologists, as well as by forensic pathologists and paleontologists.
Pulmonary metastasectomy: limits to credibility

Lung metastases are a common site of spread for many malignant tumours. Pulmonary metastasectomy has been practiced for many years for sarcomas and is now becoming increasingly frequently advocated for patients with many other tumours, especially colorectal cancer. In this article we argue that this procedure is one framed by therapeutic opportunity and not supported by strong evidence. It is potentially harmful and may not be effective. Our argument is based on several important issues: (I) the vagueness of the concept of “oligometastases” and its biological implausibility; (II) the flaws in the often-cited observational evidence, especially selection bias; (III) the lack of any reliable randomised trial evidence of improved survival but evidence of harm; (IV) the failure of strategies to detect metastases earlier to influence overall survival. The introduction of stereotactic radiotherapy and image-guided thermal ablation have made the urge to treat lung metastases stronger but without any good evidence to justify their use. We acknowledge the problems of carrying out randomised trials when there is a clear lack of equipoise in the clinical teams involved but believe that there is an ethical need to do so. Many patients are probably being given false hope of cure or prolonged survival but are at risk of harm from pulmonary metastasectomy or ablation. It is possible that a few patients may benefit but without better evidence we do not know which, if any, do.
The use of Western blot and electroimmunotransfer blot assays to monitor bacterial kidney disease in experimentally challenged Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L.

Western blot (WB) and electroimmunotransfer blot (EITB) methods were used to monitor bacterial soluble antigens and scroconversion profiles, respectively, in Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L. , experimentally challenged with Renibacterium salmoninarum. The two challenged populations exhibited differences in susceptibility to R. salmoninarum permitting an evaluation of the methods in fish populations harbouring different levels of the pathogen, WB detection of R. salmoninarum soluble antigens in serum provided a sensitive method for detecting pathogen presence during the active infection stages. For comparison, results for drop-plate culture and direct fluorescent antibody techniques were obtained. During the recovery phase, surviving fish were negative for the pathogen by these methods. However, >90% of challenged fish sampled from early infection stages to the end of the experimental period (141 days post-infection) were scropositive by the EITB assay for Atlantic salmon immunoglobulin reactive with R. salmoninarum soluble antigens. The results suggest that these methods for detecting R. salmoninarum or its soluble antigens may be useful during active infections. However, asymptomatic fish populations exposed to the pathogen, perhaps having recovered from an active infection and representing potential disease carrier sources, may be more readily identified by antigen-specific antibodies using methods such as the EITB assay.
“Several times I have asked the judge to get my children back”: 10 years of foster care complaints at the Flemish Office of the Children's Rights Commissioner

European societies struggle with the question of how to deal best with, and organize care for, those children who, for various reasons, need to be placed out of their home. In an attempt to protect these children, states organize different forms of care. Under the influence of testimonies of abuse and neglect, the image of residential care has become tainted and the placement of looked-after children in foster families has become increasingly favoured. This evolution towards a manifest choice for foster care is defended as being more in "the interests of the child. " However, the "best interests of the child" notion is applicable in decisions concerning substitute care in many different ways. During the last decade, the shift towards a child's perspective away from a family-preservation perspective is noticeable. We argue in this paper that this focus on children's needs is at the expense of the rights and identity of the parents. Based on an analysis of 342 complaints concerning foster care reported to the Flemish Office of the Children's Rights Commissioner, we analysed which "alarming situations" are reported and highlight a number of pressing concerns from the perspective of parents.