Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Mapping of QTL for iron and zinc toxicity tolerance at seedling stage using a set of reciprocal introgression lines of rice.

Ferrum and zinc are essential microelements for rice.However,rice growing in lowland or acid soil is easily subjected to ferrous iron and zinc toxicities which harm plant growth and finally result in deduction of biomass and yield in production.The aim of this study was to identify quantitative trait locus(QTL)underlying ferrous iron toxicity tolerance(FTT)and zinc toxicity tolerance(ZTT)of rice using a reciprocal advanced backcross introgression lines,which was derived from the cross between Lemont(japonica)and Teqing(indica),and 308 evenly distributed single nucleotide polymorphism(SNP)markers developed from the two parents.A total of 42 putative QTLs affecting shoot height(SH),shoot dry weight(SDW),and root dry weight(RDW)under control and stress conditions and for the relative value of the stress to the control were detected,the alleles at most loci improving the tolerance of ferrous and zinc toxicities were from Lemont.Among them,only four QTLs(9.5%)were detected under the two backgrounds,indicating the expression of most QTLs is specific to genetic background.Nine QTLs were detected from the same genetic background affecting the tolerance of both ferrous and zinc toxicities,in which QSdw5 was expressed under the two backgrounds with the same direction and similar quantity of gene additive effect,suggesting that there is a genetic overlap between FTT and ZTT at seedling stage in rice.It is likely,therefore,to improve Teqing's FTT and ZTT by introgressing and pyramiding Lemont favorable alleles at the overlapping QTLs via marker-assisted selection.
Female Clerical Workers' Occupational Stress: The Role of Person and Social Resources, Negative Affectivity, and Stress Appraisals.

Relations among person (i.e., agentic traits) and social resources (i.e., social support), work-stress appraisals, and depression were examined with data from 2 longitudinal studies of female clerical workers (Study 1, N = 205; Study 2, N = 207). Main, moderating, and mediating effects of appraisals on the relationship between resources and change in depression were tested and partially replicated on an independent sample (Study 2), which controlled for negative affectivity (a pervasive tendency toward negative emotionality). Results were consistent with predictions that primary appraisals (i.e., threats to self-esteem) contribute to change in depression beyond the effects of person and social resources and negative affectivity. There was modest evidence that control appraisals moderate the effects of optimism and work support.
Behavioural Diversity in Chimpanzees and Bonobos

Preface G. Hohmann, C. Boesche and L. F. Marchant Main introduction C. Boesche Part I. Behavioural Flexibility: Introduction T. Matsuzawa 1. Multivariate and phylogenetic approaches to understanding chimpanzee and bonobo behavioural diversity D. M. Doran, W. L. Jungers, Y. Sugiyama, J. G. Fleagle and C. P. Heesy 2. Chimpanzees in the dry habitats of Mont Assirik, Senegal and Semliki Wildlife Reserve, Uganda K. D. Hunt and W. C. McGrew 3. Behavioural adaptations to water scarcity in Tongo chimpanzees A. Lanjouw 4. Bonobos of the Lukuru Wildlife Research Project J. Myers-Thompson 5. Grooming-hand-clasp in Mahale M Group chimpanzees: implications for culture in social behaviours M. Nakamura Part II. Social Relations: Introduction V. Reynolds 6. Factors influencing fission-fusion grouping in chimpanzees in the Tai National Park, Cote d'Ivoire D. P. Anderson, E. V. Nordheim and C. Boesch 7. Ecological and social correlates of chimpanzee party size and composition J. C. Mitani, D. P. Watts and J. S. Lwanga 8. Agonistic relations among Kanyawara chimpanzees M. N. Muller 9. Relationships of male chimpanzees in the Budongo Forest, Uganda N. E. Newton-Fisher 10. Dynamics in social organisation of bonobos (Pan paniscus) G. Hohmann and B. Fruth Part III. Female Strategies: The Females That Did Evolve: Introduction M. F. Small 11. Why female bonobos have a lower copulation rate during estrus than chimpanzees T. Furuichi and C. Hashimoto 12. Social relationships between cycling females and adult males in Mahale chimpanzees A. Matsumoto-Oda 13. Seasonal aspects of reproduction and sexual behaviour in two chimpanzee populations: a comparison of Gombe (Tanzania) and Budongo (Uganda) J. Wallis 14. Costs and benefits of grouping for female chimpanzees at Gombe J. M. Williams, H. -Y. Liu and A. E. Pusey 15. The cost of sexual attraction: is there a trade-off in female Pan between sex appeal and received coercion? R. Wrangham Part IV. Hunting and Food Sharing: Introduction L. F. Marchant 16. Variations in chimpanzee-red colobus interactions C. Boesch, S. Uehara and H. Ihobe 17. How bonobos handle hunts and harvests: why share food? B. Fruth and G. Hohmann 18. Hunting and meat sharing by chimpanzees at Ngogo, Kibale National Park, Uganda D. P. Watts and J. C. Mitani Part V. Genetic Diversity: 19. The evolutionary genetics and molecular ecology of chimpanzees and bonobos B. J. Bradley and L. Vigilant References Index.
Chapter 1

With the percentage of gross national product allocated to healthcare continuing to rise in the Western world, resource allocation has become an issue. Percutaneous coronary intervention continues to be a viable option for many patients, with lower initial costs. However, long-term angina-free results often require further interventions or eventual surgery. Once coronary artery revascularization therapy is selected, it is worthwhile to evaluate the cost considerations inherent to various techniques. Off-pump coronary artery bypass graft surgery has seen a resurgence, with improved technology and lower hospital costs than on-pump bypass surgery. Numerous factors contributing to cost in coronary surgery have been studied and several are documented here, including the potential benefits of early extubation and the use of standardized optimal care pathways. A wide range of hospital-level cost variation has been noted, and standardization issues remain. With the advent of advanced computer-assisted robotic techniques, a push toward totally endoscopic bypass surgery has begun, with the eventual hope of reducing hospital stays to a minimum Dinesh Kurian, Michael Simmons, Soroosh Kiani, and Robert S. Poston 2 while maximizing outcomes, thus reducing intensive care unit and stepdown care times, which contribute a great deal toward overall cost. At the present time, these techniques add a significant premium to hospital charges, outweighing any potential length-of-stay benefits from a cost standpoint. This chapter aims to discuss the economic value of coronary revascularization, with a focus on coronary artery bypass grafting and its alternatives.
Locomotion in the Fossil Vulture Teratornis

Various parts of the skeleton of the large Pleistocene vulture, Teratornis merriami, have been found in deposits in the southern United States, from California to Florida, and in Mexico. Nowhere are the remains as numerous or as well preserved as in the asphalt deposits of Rancho La Brea in southern California. It was this abundance and preservation of entire bones that made possible this study of its locomotor apparatus. I am grateful to the Los Angeles County Museum, Los Angeles, California, for the use of its facilities and specimens. Teratornist merriami has been placed in a family distinct from, and yet closely related to, the family Cathartidae, the New World vultures. Many of the bony parts, the synsacrum, tibiotarsus, tarsometatarsus, coracoid, ulna and metacarpus are typically cathartid with little except size to distinguish them from the Recent condors, Vultur gryphus and Gymnogyps californianus. The skull and sternum are not cathartid in character although there are points of resemblance. The humerus has several peculiarities not found in the New World vultures. The gross similarities of certain wing elements of the tertatorn to those in the cathartids have led to the suggestion that Teratornis was similar in its flight pattern, that is, that it was chiefly a soaring bird. There are few specific features to uphold this contention. It is known that Gymnogyps californianus, the California Condor, on level ground must run or hop for several yards to gain enough momentum to lift its weight into the air. It also needs to flap several times as it leaves the ground. If Teratornis had a similar type of wing, its run for the takeoff must have been even longer because of its greater weight. However, we find that its wing was shorter in relation to its body weight (Table 1), and its legs were much shorter than in Gymnogyps (Table 9). Its leg bones are more delicate distally. With such poor adaptations for running, a long run for the takeoff would have been an arduous, if not impossible, task. It seems likely that Teratornis was able to leave the ground by use of its wings more easily than can the present California Condor. Miller (The Birds of Rancho La Brea, Publ. 349, Carnegie Inst., Washington, 1925) has wondered how Teratornis with its weak legs, soaring wings and great weight took off from a level surface. Such a combination of characters and terrain would seem to make the takeoff almost impossible. One possibility is that Teratornis lived exclusively in areas of cliffs and slopes where easy travel downhill would be sufficient to gain speed for soaring flight; this appears unlikely. I think it more probable that Teratornis rose from the ground by vigorous flapping of its wings. The body weight of the teratorn compared with that of any other flying bird must have been enormous. An attempt to get a gross estimate was made by determining the areas of the sternum and synsacrum in Haliaeetus and 725
Selection indices for yield improvement in bread wheat under late sown condition.

Investigation was carried-out to assess the selection indices in 40 genotypes of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in limited irrigation under late sowing condition. Sixty-three selection indices, involving grain yield per plant and five yield components, were constructed using the discriminant function technique. The efficiency of selection increased with the inclusion of more number of characters in the index. The selection index based on six characters viz., grain yield per plant, days to maturity, number of productive tillers per plant, number of grain per main spike, biological yield per plant and harvest index under limited irrigated condition exhibited maximum gain and relative efficiency. It is expected that grain yield could be improved if due consideration is given to these traits in future breeding programme of wheat.
Amino acid composition of freshwater algae

The protein content of 13 species of freshwater algae ranged from 10.50 to 46.35 g/100 g dry wt. Proportions of individual amino acids in the protein of the different species were remarkably similar. Differences in protein content all influence the efficiency with which algal tissues are utilized by consumer and decomposer organisms.
A Biometric Study of Papio cynocephalus Skulls from Northern Rhodesia and Nyasaland

The morphology and quantitative features of skulls and teeth of Papio cynocephalus from different parts of Northern Rhodesia and Nyasaland have been studied and compared. A west to east geocline showing increasing size is indicated. Comparison of the material with that of Papio ursinus suggests the possibility that, from the eastern end of its range, the skull size increase in the proposed P. cynocephalus cline is continued to the south by specimens of P. ursinus and to the north by specimens of Papio doguera . Some problems of taxonomy in the genus Papio are discussed.
Intentional nonadherence due to adverse symptoms associated with antiretroviral therapy.

OBJECTIVE: To estimate the frequency and possible predictors of patient-mediated intentional alterations in antiretroviral medication regimens in direct response to symptoms associated with antiretroviral therapy use. DESIGN: Cross-sectional survey of a population-based dynamic cohort of antiretroviral recipients in a province-wide HIV drug treatment program, the only source of free-of-charge antiretroviral medications in the province of British Columbia. METHODS: Program participants voluntarily complete program surveys on an annual basis. Study subjects were those who responded to the annual treatment program survey between January 1 and November 1, 2001. Patients reported on the occurrence and severity of symptoms of 42 side effects of antiretroviral agents. Symptoms were classified into four subgroups based on whether they were considered subjective or objective and whether they would or would not prompt clinical action. For each of the four symptom categories, patients reported what their physician recommended in response to symptoms in that group and what the patient actually did in response to these same symptoms. Intentional nonadherence was defined as reporting either skipping or altering dosages of selective regimen components or temporary cessation of therapy that was not recommended by the physician in response to adverse drug effects in the past year. RESULTS: Of 638 study subjects, 70 (11%) reported intentional nonadherence with between 4% and 7.4% reporting this activity over the preceding year depending on the symptom group. Multivariate analysis revealed that a plasma viral load of <400 copies/mL (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 0.35; 95% CI, 0.21-0.61) and completion of high school (AOR, 0.43; 95% CI, 0.24-0.78) were both inversely associated with intentional nonadherence. Those subjects reporting at least one severe symptom were more than twice as likely to report intentional nonadherence (AOR, 2.24; 95% CI, 1.16-4.33). Similarly, each additional symptom considered to be objective and to require clinical action was associated with a 25% increase in the risk of intentional nonadherence (AOR, 1.25; 95% CI, 1.10-1.43). CONCLUSION: Intentional nonadherence to antiretroviral therapy is common among persons experiencing therapy-related side effects. Although the type and severity of adverse effects impact intentional nonadherence, this activity occurs in relation to symptoms regardless of their strict clinical relevance.
Sensitivity to Status-Based Rejection: Implications for African American Students' College Experience

The authors proposed a process model whereby experiences of rejection based on membership in a devalued group can lead people to anxiously expect, readily perceive, and intensely react to status-based rejection. To test the model, the authors focused on race-based rejection sensitivity (RS-race) among African Americans. Following the development and validation of the RS-Race Questionnaire (Studies 1 and 2), the authors tested the utility of the model for understanding African American students' experiences at a predominantly White university (Study 3). Students high in RS-race experienced greater discomfort during the college transition, less trust in the university, and relative declines in grades over a 2- to 3-year period. Positive race-related experiences, however, increased feelings of belonging at the institution among students high in RS-race.
Changes of carbohydrate and amylase in lily bulb during bulb development

Changes of starch content, soluble sugar content and amylase activity in different parts of bulb in Lilium davidii var. unicolor and CV. Elite in Asia lily were studied during bulb development. The results indicated that mother bulb was the metabolism source during geminating stage, especially the exterior scales was the most important part. It was the marker of daughter bulb development that starch content and soluble content increased together. Sucrose was the basic form of soluble sugar in lily bulb. Changes of reducing sugar indicated the supply and transform of carbohydrate. Amylase acts an important role in adjusting and balancing the form of carbohydrate during the bulb development.
The Thermal Biology of Free-living Sand Goannas (Varanus gouldii) in Southern Australia

The daily and seasonal activity patterns of Sand Goannas (Varanus gouldii) on Kangaroo Island, South Australia differed from those of conspecifics in semiarid and arid regions of Australia. On Kangaroo Island goannas remained active throughout the year whereas on the other areas they were inactive and remained in their burrows during the winter. Goannas emerged from burrows over a wide range of environmental temperatures and at different times after sunrise, but animals on Kangaroo Island generally emerged later in winter than in summer. These animals also showed seasonal differences in the length of time spent basking before becoming active, in heating rates and in mean activity temperatures. Cloacal temperatures of free-ranging goannas on three study areas were determined using radio-telemetry. Under similar environmental conditions, mean activity temperatures of goannas on all three areas were not significantly different (approximately 35.5 C). Activity outside burrows was generally restricted to the times when the most favorable environmental conditions prevailed. This meant that the lizards were exposed to a relatively narrow range of environmental conditions which facilitated thermoregulation.
Factors Influencing the Local Distribution of Shrews

A field study was made of the factors influencing the local distribution of Sorex cinereus and Blarina brevicauda in south- ern Michigan. The environmental factors considered were vegetation type, cover (fallen trees, brush, leaf litter), temperature, food, moisture and interspecific competition. Blarina brevicauda was found only in moist situations but avoided standing watcr. It was scarce or absent in those habitats in which the available food supply (consisting of the larger forms of invertebrates) was low. Vegetation, type of cover, temperature, and interspecific competition were not important factors. Sorex cinereus occurred in all habitats except upland hardwoods. The reason for the avoidance of this habitat was not determined, but it apparently was not a response to the type of vegetation. Sorex was relatively less abundant in the drier situations than was B. brevicauda and did not avoid standing water. S. cinereus may be able to utilize smaller food items (collembolans, ants, spiders) than B. brevicauda, so that its local distribution is not influenced by the availability of the larger invertebrates. Type of cover, temperature, and interspecific competition were not important factors in its local distribution. Shrews have been found to normally inhabit moist situations (Pruitt, 1953, 1959; Manville, 1949; Wetzel, 1958). Such a restric- tion to moist areas most likely results from a large turnover of water by shrews (Chew, 1951). Pruitt (op. cit.) has further analyzed the physical factors influencing the local distribution of shrews and found both temperature and moisture to be important factors. The relative importance of the various biotic factors (i.e., food availability, vege- tation type, and interspecific competition) have not been thoroughly investigated. Pearson (1947) has shown that shrews have high metabolic rates and as a result require large intakes of food. As a result one might expect the availability of food to play an important role in the local distribution of shrews. The present paper contains data pertaining to the masked shrew, Sorex cinereus, and the shorttailed shrew, Blarina brevicauda, ob- tained during a study of the factors influencing the local distribution of small mammals in southern Michigan. Data concerning other species will be presented elsewhere (Microtus pennsylvanicus and Synaptomys cooperi, in press; Peromyscus leucopus and Zapus hud- sonius, in preparation). Most of the habitats studied had conditions moist enough to be considered favorable in regard to this factor. Shrews did not occur in all study areas, however; it was desired, therefore, to determine the factors influencing distribution within these moist areas.
Exploring Design Students’ Translations from Brief to Prototypes

Purpose: To explore and evaluate the role of the educational design brief in relation to fashion and textile students’ intellectual, conceptual and practical competence building within the subject of design and sustainability. The paper seeks to inform other educators, academics and practitioners affiliated to fashion and textile design education, as well as contribute to the general knowledge development around sustainability competencies and education. Design methodology/approach: The study builds on a specific case: The Design for Change BA fashion and textiles course at Design School Kolding 2014-17. The study applies a cluster analysis inspired research approach to explore the empirical material, which consists of partly written documents (i.e. course framework, design brief, student project descriptions) partly physical outcomes (finished textiles and garments). The findings are evaluated in the light of recent literature on fashion futures. Findings: The study shows that the open, holistic and relatively stable brief has accumulated and built knowledge within both student and staff communities over the four years. In consequence, this has led to increasingly complex design concepts and solutions emerging in the students’ work. Research limitations/implications: Outcomes should be addressed as indicative and explorative, due to the small-scale nature and specific context. Originality/value: The paper contributes with new knowledge towards the relatively underresearched notion of the brief in design education, here specifically in relation to fashion and textile students’ development of sustainability competencies and learning outcomes.
Black Womens Contribution to the HIV/AIDS Fight

AIDS was first described in 1981 homosexuals in Los Angeles and other cities. By 1982, AIDS was an infection conveyed through body fluids and was affecting men and women erratically. Its second definition ushered in several subgroups and morphed into an epidemic of non-White, women, and heterosexuals. This article strives to inspire women to acquaint themselves with their forerunners’ achievements in this regard and to engage them in the fight against HIV/AIDS. Through the narrative inquiry method, we gathered, analyzed, and portrayed the women’s stories as captured from their cultural contexts. We ultimately learned that Black women’s contributions to the AIDS fight are concurrently overflowing, overlapping, and yet specifically targeted.
Future Generation Computer Systems

With the emergence of the Internet of People (IoP) and its user-centric applications, novel solutions to the many issues facing today’s societies are to be expected. These problems include unhealthy diets, with obesity and diet-related diseases reaching epidemic proportions. We argue that the proliferation of mixed reality (MR) headsets as next generation primary interfaces provides promising alternatives to contemporary digital solutions in the context of diet tracking and interventions. Concretely, we propose the use of MR headset-mounted cameras for computer vision (CV) based detection of diet-related activities and the consequential display of visual real-time interventions to support healthy food choices. We provide an integrative framework and results from a technical feasibility as well as an impact study conducted in a vending machine (VM) setting. We conclude that current neural networks already enable accurate food item detection in real-world environments. Moreover, our user study suggests that real-time interventions significantly improve beverage (reduction of sugar and energy intake) as well as food choices (reduction of saturated fat). We discuss the results, learnings, and limitations and provide an overview of further technology-and intervention-related avenues of research required by developing an MR-based user support system for healthy food choices.