Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Avian Haemoproteidae. 14. The haemoproteids of the avian family Rallidae

The haemoproteids of the avian family Rallidae are reviewed. Haemoproteus porzanae Galli-Valerio, 1907 and H. gallinulae de Mello, 1935, are redescribed; H. fulicae da Fonseca, 1938 is declared a synonym of H. gallinulae. Haemoproteid records from the Rallidae are summarized.
The long-term effect of fire and grazing by wildlife on range condition in moist and arid savannas in the Kruger National Park

Few assessments of the effects of fire and grazing on the herbaceous components of savannas have been reported for Africa. In the Kruger National Park, South Africa, range condition was monitored at three savanna sites spanning a rainfall gradient of 450 to 700 mm and subject to grazing by wildlife. The sites were burnt at 1-, 2- and 3-year intervals, in different seasons and included a control treatment excluding fire for >40 years. Initial surveys of the herbaceous vegetation were conducted between 1954 and 1957 and repeated between 1998 and 2001. Grass species were categorised as either decreaser or increaser species, which decline or increase with over- or under-utilisation, respectively, and their potential to provide forage and fuel for fires indicative of range condition were derived. Range condition improved with regular burning in the moist sites, but deteriorated in the arid sites over all seasons and frequencies of burning. It is concluded that the current homogenous approach to burning across the Park needs to be adapted by reducing the frequency of fires at more arid sites and can be achieved by burning according to the proportions of decreaser and increaser species reflecting the ecological status of the herbaceous vegetation.
Study of microalbuminuria in patients of rheumatoid arthritis and its correlation with erythrocyte sedimentation rate, C - reactive protein and rheumatoid factor

Background: Subclinical renal dysfunction and microalbuminuria are common in rheumatoid arthritis patients particularly with long standing disease and with severe disease activity. Despite the degree of interest shown in detection of microalbuminuria and its prognostic implications, the determinants of elevated urinary albumin excretion have not been studied well. This study was done to assess the subclinical renal involvement in Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) patients. Methods: This cross-sectional study involving 50 patients attending attending the out-patient departments of Swaroop Rani Nehru Hospital, MLN Medical College, Prayagraj, U.P diagnosed with RA by modified ACR criteria (2010). Results: The mean age of the cases was 41.96 years (SD 10.80), of them 74% were females and 26% were males. MA was found in 15 patients (30%), of them. In MA positive group, mean ESR was 69.46±27.14, and CRP positive patients were 13 (86%), RA Factor positive patients were 12 (80%) and as compared to 31.28±5.03, 11 (32%), 14 (40%) respectively in MA negative group (p <0.05 in all cases). Microalbuminuria was significantly correlated with ESR, CRP and RA factor (p value <0.05). Conclusions: Presence of microalbuminuria indicates severe disease activity and long-standing rheumatoid arthritis. Microalbuminuria was found to be significantly correlated with disease activity in rheumatoid arthritis as assessed by ESR, CRP, RA Factor and anti CCP.
An ERA-Based Study of Built Environment Factors Affecting Lung Cancer Incidence Rate among Chinese Women

Objective: Application of ERA methods to investigate the atmospheric pollution and built environment factors influencing lung cancer incidence rate in Chinese women. Methods: Lung cancer incidence rate among Chinese women at 339 cancer registries were obtained from the China Cancer Registry Annual Report 2017, air quality and built environment data were obtained from the Greenpeace and China Construction Yearbook. After multiple covariates variables were eliminated, an exploratory regression analysis was performed using the world standardized population incidence rate as the dependent variable. Air quality and built environment factors as the independent variable. Results: Shandong Peninsula, Hebei and Liaoning are high incidence rate areas of female lung cancer in China, with significant regional aggregation. In addition to air quality factors such as industrial smoke emission data, the association between built environmental factors such as urbanization rate, development LUI, population density and greening coverage of built-up areas and female lung cancer incidence rate is statistically significant. Conclusion: In addition to air quality factors, urban spatial factors can also significantly affect respiratory health. The LUI is positively while urbanization rates and population density are negatively correlated with the incidence rate of lung cancer. The role of green space for respiratory health has not been proven. In addition, there is little relationship between income and health, and similar findings are found for indicators such as the public transportation and roads network.
Temperature response of growth of larval dragonflies – an overview

We review the knowledge about the thermal reaction norms of larval growth in Odonata with a focus on the temperature response function. We re-analyze literature data and present our own results on growth rates of larvae of 14 species of Libellulidae reared at different temperatures. Temperature response curves (TRC) were fitted in order to estimate two relevant components of the thermal reaction, namely the optimum temperature for growth (Topt) and the increase of growth rate with temperature (Q10). We also examined what is known about the thermal minimum (Tmin) and the thermal maximum (Tmax) for growth to delimit the thermal ranges of odonates. All information indicates that larval growth is generally warm adapted, with species-specific variation of Topt of 21–31°C, Tmin of 8–12°C, and Tmax of up to 44°C (the latter being the upper lethal limit, the true Tmax for growth remains unknown). The values of Q10 distinguish some more specialized species, mostly with high Topt and of tropical origin, and others being more thermal generalists, often being temperate species and/or from lotic habitats. We examine some biotic and abiotic factors affecting the temperature response of growth and we discuss the temperature response in the light of global warming.
THE RESPONSE OF SUGARCANE TO TRASH RETENTION AND NITROGEN IN THE BRAZILIAN COASTAL TABLELANDS: A SIMULATION STUDY

SUMMARY To evaluate the impact of trash management on sugarcane production and N fertiliser requirements in environmental conditions of Brazilian coastal tablelands, a simulation was conducted with APSIM-Sugar cropping systems model. The model was parameterised for, and validated against results from a long term (over 23 years) experiment comparing the system-burnt trash and green cane trash blanketing (GCTB), in Linhares-ES. Simulations were conducted over two crop cycles (14 years) with different management (100%, 75%, 50%, 25% GCTB and burnt trash), and N fertiliser rates from 0 to 240 kg ha−1 (in 40 kg ha−1 increments) on the ratoon crops, and 75% of these rates on the plant crops. Measured cane yields and soil carbon were simulated well by the model. The RMSE (root mean square error) of predictions in burnt and GCTB treatments were 14.02 Mg ha−1 and 13.45 Mg ha−1 for yield, and 0.09 and 0.13% for soil carbon. In the simulation, the cane yield responded positively to the GCTB systems. Optimum N rates were higher in the 100%, 75% and 50% GCTB than with burnt trash and 25% GCTB reflecting the greater yields under GCTB systems. The response to trash retention was dependent on N fertiliser, and it was smaller or even negative at lower N rates. With adequate N, the positive responses were predicted to occur in all crops after the imposition of GCTB system. The removal of any proportion of the trash reduced the potential sugarcane yield. The simulations showed that average environmental losses of N are likely to be greater from trash-retained systems at all N fertiliser rates.
CO2×nitrogen interaction on seedling growth of four species of Eucalypt

Four eucalypt species were selected to represent two ecologically disparate groups which would be expected to contrast in seedling vigour and in the nature of growth responses to CO2 × nitrogen supply. Eucalyptus camaldulensis and E. cypellocarpa were taken as examples of fast-growing species with a wide distribution, that develop into large trees. By contrast, E. pauciflora and E. pulverulenta become smaller trees, and show a more limited distribution. Seedlings were established in pots (5 L) of a loamy soil and supplied with nutrient solution containing either 1.2 or 6.0 mM NO3- in both ambient (33 Pa) and CO2-enriched (66 Pa) greenhouses. Analysis of growth response to treatments (2 × 2 factorial) was based on destructive harvest of plants sampled on four occasions over 84 days for E. carnaldulensis and E. cypellocarpa, and 100 days for E. pulverulenta and E. pauciflora. A positive CO2 × N interaction on plant dry mass and leaf area was expressed in all species throughout the study period. In E. carnaldulensis and E. cypellocarpa, plant mass was doubled by high N at 33 Pa CO2, compared with a three to four-fold increase at 66 Pa to reach 34g by final harvest. In E. pulverulenta and E. pauciflora, slower growth resulted in about 50% less mass at a given age, but relative increases due to CO2 and N were of a similar order. A distinction can be made between N and CO2 effects on growth processes as follows. When trees were grown on low N, elevated CO2 increased nitrogen-use efficiency (NUE) at both leaf and whole plant levels. On high N, leaf NUE was increased in E. camaldulensis and E. cypellocarpa, but decreased in E. pulverulenta and E. pauciflora. Whole plant NUE showed no consistent response to elevated CO2 when plants were supplied high N. Net assimilation rate (NAR) was increased by elevated CO2 in all species on either N treatment. Moreover, high N increased NAR under either CO2 treatment in all species. There was a positive N × CO2 interaction on NAR in E. carnaldulensis and E. cypellocarpa, but not in E. pulverulenta and E. pauciflora. Growth indices for E. carnaldulensis and E. cypellocarpa species, and especially E. carnaldulensis, generally exceeded those for E. pulverulenta and E. pauciflora in terms of NAR, leaf NUE, N-enhancement of CO2 effects on leaf area and biomass, and non-structural carbohydrate content of foliage.
STUDIES ON RETICULOENDOTHELIAL FUNCTION IN RELATION TO GROWTH PROCESSES *

Three principal functional activities of reticuloendothelial tissues, phagocytic, immunological, and metabolic, have formed the subject of informative presentations in this monograph. One cannot help being impressed by the fact that phagocytosis represents the most commonly employed methodology for study and evaluation of reticuloendothelial function, while immunological phenomena furnish a t present only indirect and incomplete information about reticuloendothelial activity. Metabolic processes, presumably involving the reticuloendothelial system (RES) and concerning steroids, lipids, and protein, may be said just to have entered the first phase of serious investigation. I admit, therefore, to being exceedingly vulnerable to the criticism of precociousness in attempting to correlate reticuloendothelial function with growth processes. Obviously, experimental approaches to this problem are by no means definitive. The situation is rather comparable to that of a shipwrecked person who tries to gather suitable material for building a raft that may carry him across an uncharted body of water to a settlement or place of rescue. Having made this apologia pro vita sua I propose to discuss the first experimental approach in which the phagocytic activity of hepatic macrophages has been utilized as a tool for assessing a specific growth process: namely, restoration of liver tissue after partial hepatectomy in the rat. The essential background of the experimental design is based on the three following considerations: (1) intravascularly circulating radiocolloid is removed up to 80 to 95 per cent by macrophages in the liver and remains there for a t least several weeks, although later redistribution may occur;’ (2) when portions of liver tissue removed by partial hepatectomy are assayed for content of radiocolloid, results of these tests also establish the radiocolloid concentration in the hepatic tissue left behind in the body (the “residual liver”); and (3) since the liver present in an animal sacrificed a t a specific time after hepatectomy is made up of the residual liver plus the regenerated liver and still contains the same amount of radiocolloid as was originally present in the liver tissue left in the body a t the time of partial hepatectomy, this permits calculation of the dilution of the radiocolloid by the newly formed liver tissue. FIGURE 1 illustrates the general design of the experiments for which inbred Lewis rats, 2% to 5 months old and of both sexes, were used. The k i t step (I) was intracardiac injection of colloidal radiogold into the anesthetized rat; this technique was preferred to intravenous injection because it gave greater assurance for intravascular deposition of the radiocolloid than * The work reported in this paper was supported in part by grants from the Illinois Chapter of the American Cancer Society, Inc., the Leukemia Research Foundation, and the Evelyn Steinberg Memorial Club for Cancer Research, all of Chicago, Ill.
Environmental Leadership, Green Innovation Practices, Environmental Knowledge Learning, and Firm Performance

Environmental leadership has received continuous attention from the business sector in recent years, yet few studies have examined the internal mechanisms and contingent conditions that link environmental leadership to firm performance. The aim of this article is to advance research by investigating the relationship between environmental leadership and firm performance by considering the mediating role of green innovation practices and the moderating role of environmental knowledge learning. A questionnaire survey is used to collect data from 353 agricultural products corporations in China. Empirical results show that environmental leadership has a positive relationship with the two dimensions of firm performance, namely, environmental performance and financial performance. Results also indicate that green innovation practices (including green innovation strategy and actions) play a mediating role between environmental leadership and firm performance. Meanwhile, it is also found that environmental knowledge learning positively moderates the effect of environmental leadership on green innovation practices. This study adds value to the environmental management literature by introducing leadership style as an antecedent variable to examine the impact of environmental leadership on firm performance in China. And the study also highlights the important moderating effect of environmental knowledge learning on the relationship between environmental leadership and green innovation practices. The findings of this article could be important in terms of both management and policy implications.
A New Species of Akodon (Muridae: Sigmodontinae) from Northwestern Argentina

A new species of Akodon is described using cranial, dental, and external morphology and morphometric data. The new species inhabits an isolated, ecotonal, montane forest-grassland area in central Tucuman Province, Argentina. This species, which appears to be closely related to A. puer caenosus , is here included in the boliviensis group of akodont rodents. Comparisons are made with A. spegazzinii and A. puer caenosus , which are found in the general area and are of similar body size and general morphology.
Aquatic ecosystems in inland Australia: tourism and recreational significance, ecological impacts and imperatives for management

The value of aquatic systems for biodiversity, agriculture, pastoralism and mining is widely recognised, whereas their significance for tourism and recreation is often poorly acknowledged. We surveyed protected-area managers, local governments and tour operators (river and general) to determine how aquatic systems were used in inland Australia for tourism and recreation and the perceived impacts of these uses. Inland waterbodies were reported by all respondent groups to be highly significant foci for visitors. Natural features were rated as more important to visitors than infrastructure by protected-area managers and river-tour operators, whereas all respondent groups identified water clarity, water quality and accessibility to water as important aspects of visitor appeal. Although >75% of respondents nominated visitors as being environmentally aware, visitors were reported to have a range of negative effects on the ecological condition of inland waterbodies, especially on water quality, and to also increase erosion and the loss of fringing vegetation. Managing the recreational use of inland waterbodies will become increasingly important as demand from all sectors intensifies and climate-change impacts become more severe. Management must take into account variations in perceptions by different stakeholder groups and the paradox of inappropriate visitor behaviour despite visitors’ apparent environmental awareness.
Assessing weeds at risk of evolving glyphosate resistance in Australian sub-tropical glyphosate-resistant cotton systems

Glyphosate resistance will have a major impact on current cropping practices in glyphosate-resistant cotton systems. A framework for a risk assessment for weed species and management practices used in cropping systems with glyphosate-resistant cotton will aid decision making for resistance management. We developed this framework and then assessed the biological characteristics of 65 species and management practices from 50 cotton growers. This enabled us to predict the species most likely to evolve resistance, and the situations in which resistance is most likely to occur. Species with the highest resistance risk were Brachiaria eruciformis, Conyza bonariensis, Urochloa panicoides, Chloris virgata, Sonchus oleraceus and Echinochloa colona. The summer fallow and non-irrigated glyphosate-resistant cotton were the highest risk phases in the cropping system. When weed species and management practices were combined, C. bonariensis in summer fallow and other winter crops were at very high risk. S. oleraceus had very high risk in summer and winter fallow, as did C. virgata and E. colona in summer fallow. This study enables growers to identify potential resistance risks in the species present and management practices used on their farm, which will to facilitate a more targeted weed management approach to prevent development of glyphosate resistance.
Guideline implementation and raising awareness for unintended perioperative hypothermia: Single-group 'before and after' study.

BACKGROUND Unintended Perioperative Hypothermia (UPH) is defined as a core body temperature less than 36°C. The Turkish Society of Anesthesiology and Reanimation [Türk Anesteziyoloji ve Reanimasyon Derneği (TARD)] published a 'Guideline for the Prevention of the Unintended Perioperative Hypothermia' in 2013. This study aims to decrease the incidence of unintended UPH in our hospital using a protocol, which is prepared according to the recommendations in the Guideline for the prevention of unintended perioperative hypothermia. METHODS A prospective quality improvement study was conducted with the protocol, which was prepared to decrease the incidence of unintended perioperative hypothermia in patients undergoing surgery. We measured and compared the perioperative hypothermia incidence before the implementation (November 24th, 2015 - January 15th, 2016) and after the implementation (April 6th, 2016 - July 21st, 2017). RESULTS The incidence of unintended perioperative hypothermia was 35% and 23.8% in the pre-implementation and postimplementation sections, respectively, and the difference was statistically significant (p=0.002). CONCLUSION The incidence of unintended perioperative hypothermia can be significantly decreased with the evidence-based implementations.
Prostatic Lesion and Its Relation with Serum Concentration of PSA

1. Associate Professor (C,C) , Department of Pathology, Khawja Yunus Ali Medical College & Hospital, Sirajganj, Bangladebsh. 2. Professor & Head, Department of Pathology, Khawja Yunus Ali Medical College & Hospital,Sirajganj, Bangladebsh 3. Professor (C,C) & Head , Department of Community Medicine, Khawja Yunus Ali Medical College & Hospital, Sirajganj, Bangladebsh. 4. Chief Biochemist, Department of Laboratory Service, Khawja Yunus Ali Medical College & Hospital, Sirajganj, Bangladebsh
Screening and construction of probiotic strains with enhanced protective properties against intestinal disorders

Within the scope of the DEPROHEALTH project, a range of wild-type strains of Lactobacillus were analysed for their ability to interact with the host immune system. While the studied isolates interacted in a strain-specific way with immune cells, they seemed to have little and non-discriminative effect on epithelial cells. However, they were shown to facilitate the cross-talk between intestinal and immune cells. Studies conducted in mouse colitis models confirmed that specific strains possess higher intrinsic anti-inflammatory properties. Two of these were further engineered to produce murine IL10 and are presently being evaluated for their protective effect in a TNBS colitis model. Cell wall mutants of Lactobacillus plantarum NCIMB8826 were analysed for their phenotypic traits, immune modulatory ability and capacity to act as live carriers. This led to the identification of mutants with increased anti-inflammatory or antigen delivery properties. Substantial work was invested in attempts to increase the immune response induced by recombinant lactobacilli producing Helicobacter or rotavirus antigens. In the course of these experiments, new methods to evaluate the load of Helicobacter in infected mice were developed. Novel targeting signals for cell surface presentation of therapeutic molecules were also identified. Finally, a safe biologically contained lactococcal strain secreting human IL10 was constructed, thus opening the way to a first clinical trial in patients suffering from inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).
Effect of different dietary lipid levels on the reproduction of Rhamdia quelen (Quoy and Gaimard, 1824)

Lipids include some of the most important nutrients that affect the survival and growth of fishes in their early life stages. Lipid deficiency prior to spawning may significantly reduce egg production, hatchability and the number of surviving larvae. In this study, we investigated the effects of isocaloric diets containing 80, 140 and 200 g kg−1 of lipids (lipid source, soy oil) for 90 days. The following data were collected at 0, 45 and 90 days: final weight; length; conditioning factor; hepatosomatic, gonadosomatic and visceral fat indices; total plasma protein; testosterone; 17s-estradiol; free amino acids; and ovary and muscle fatty acid profiles. Additionally, fecundity, oocyte production, egg morphometric parameters, and larval and postlarval growth were evaluated. Results were not statistically different for husbandry and biochemical parameters, but visceral fat content increased with increase in dietary lipid levels. The fatty acid profiles and composition differed among dietary treatments. The egg diameter and area were significantly low in fish fed the 200 g kg−1 lipid diet, thereby hindering growth, survival and weight compared to those in postlarval fish (P < 0.05). The best reproductive rates were obtained when using diets containing 80–140 g kg−1 total lipids.