Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A spectral analysis of the 21 May 1997, Jabalpur, India, earthquake (Mw = 5.8) and estimation of ground motion from future earthquakes in the Indian shield region

The Jabalpur earthquake (23.08° N, 80.06° E, H = 36 km) is the first event in the Indian Peninsular shield region to be well recorded by a newly installed, 10-station, broadband seismographic network. Using these data, we estimate Q of Lg wave in the Indian shield region as Q = 508ƒ0. 48 (1 ≦ ƒ ≦ 20 Hz). The corrected source spectrum, with M0 = 5.4 × 1024 dyne-cm (reported in the Harvard CMT catalog) and an ω2-source model, requires a stress parameter, Δσp, of ∼420 bar to explain high-frequency spectral level. The computed seismic energy from the records is 7.4 × 1020 erg, which yields an apparent stress and Brune stress drop of 62 and 270 bars, respectively. The analysis of the Jabalpur earthquake provides some elements for the estimation of ground motions during future earthquakes in the Indian shield region. Based on the results of the Jabalpur earthquake and on studies of tectonically similar region of eastern North America, we assume that (1) the sources follow an ω2 model; (2) S waves dominate at R < 100 km, and Lg waves dominate at R ≧ 100 km; (3) Q(f) = 508ƒ0. 48; (4) the ground motion is a bandlimited, finite-duration, Gaussian white noise; and (5) the effective duration of the ground motion equals ƒ−1c + 0.05R, where fc is the corner frequency. We apply random vibration theory (RVT) to compute various measures of ground motion, such as Amax and Vmax. At near-source distances, the source finiteness is approximately taken into account. The attenuation curves for 5.5 ≦ Mw ≦ 7 and for Δσp of 100-400 bar are presented. As expected, the predicted values (with Δσp ∼ 420 bar) agree reasonably well with the limited Jabalpur data. An Amax of ∼150 gal is predicted in the epicentral region of this earthquake. The predicted curves imply Δσp ≦ 100 bar for the Latur earthquake of 1993 (Mw = 6.1; H = 2.5 km) to explain Amax < 1 g and the reported isoseismal intensities in the epicentral region. For Koyna earthquake of 1967 (Mw 6.3), the inferred Amax and Vmax from isoseismal intensities and the recorded strong motions at the Koyna dam site are in agreement with the prediction curves for Δσp ∼ 100 bar. The RVT predictions seem reasonable but need validation from more strong-motion data, which is presently lacking.
Quantitative and Qualitative Changes in V-J (cid:2) Rearrangements During Mouse Thymocytes Differentiation: Implication For a Limited T Cell Receptor (cid:2) Chain Repertoire

Knowledge of the complete nucleotide sequence of the mouse TCRAD locus allows an accurate determination V-J rearrangement status. Using multiplex genomic PCR assays and real time PCR analysis, we report a comprehensive and systematic analysis of the V-J recombination of TCR (cid:2) chain in normal mouse thymocytes during development. These respective qualitative and quantitative approaches give rise to four major points describing the control of gene rearrangements. (a) The V-J recombination pattern is not random during ontogeny and generates a limited TCR (cid:2) repertoire; (b) V-J rearrangement control is intrinsic to the thymus; (c) each V gene rearranges to a set of contiguous J segments with a gaussian-like frequency; (d) there are more rearrangements involving V genes at the 3 (cid:3) side than 5 (cid:3) end of V region. Taken together, this reflects a preferential association of V and J gene segments according to their respective positions in the locus, indicating that accessibility of both V and J regions is coordi-nately regulated, but in different ways. These results provide a new insight into TCR (cid:2) repertoire size and suggest a scenario for V usage during differentiation. were as follows: 94 (cid:14) C 10 min, 40 cycles (94 (cid:14) C 15 s, 60 (cid:14) C 15 s, 72 (cid:14) C 10 s). Melting curves of PCR products were determined according to the manufacturer’s instruc-tions. With a PCR elongation time of 10 s, only the rearrangement to the J segment closest to the downstream J primer is amplified. The specificity of the unique amplification product was determined by melting curve analysis and by migration on agarose gels followed by Southern blotting.
Oxford Centre for Evidence-based Medicine Levels of Evidence (January 2001)

1b Individual Randomised Controlled Trials (with narrow Confidence Interval‡) Individual inception cohort study with > 80% follow-up; CDR† validated in a single population Validating** cohort study with good††† reference standards; or CDR† tested within one clinical centre Prospective cohort study with good follow-up**** Analysis based on clinically sensible costs or alternatives; systematic review(s) of the evidence; and including multi-way sensitivity analyses
Pre-implantation Genetic Testing for Aneuploidy (PGT-A)

Preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) or embryo selection was first performed in 1989 using PCR for gender selection to avoid X-linked recessive disorder. However, there was a misdiagnosis due to allele drop out (ADO). Therefore, fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) was recommended for gender selection and detection of chromosome abnormalities and PCR was for monogenic disorders. Since then, a number of advanced modern analysis methods for preimplantation genetic testing (PGT) of chromosome balance were developed. A more sophisticating comparative genomic hybridization microarray (aCGH) was introduced in 2011 providing detailed copy number variation (CNV) of 24 types of chromosomes (22 pairs, X and Y). A single aCGH protocol was used for PGT of aneuploidy (PGT-A) and PGT of segmental rearrangement (PGT-SR) for every chromosome in one go. Next generation sequencing (NGS) replaced aCGH in 2015 due to its better resolution and lower cost. Single nucleotide polymorphism microarray (aSNP) with karyomapping analysis for simultaneous PGT of monogenic disorders (PGT-M) and PGT-A is still more expensive. In this article, various embryo biopsy and chromosome analysis techniques are discussed. The pros and the cons of each techniques are also included.
Histological and ultrastructural studies on the effect of Cassia alata methanolic leaf extracts against chemically induced lung adenocarcinoma in rats

ABSTRACT The present work aims to evaluate anticancer performance of Cassia alata methanolic leaf extracts (CMLE) in ethyl carbamate-stimulated lung adenocarcinoma (LAD) in differentiation to the function of Cisplatin (CIPL). Rats were divided into four groups: (1) control (CONT), (2) lung-adenocarcinoma (LAD) injected intra-peritoneally with 1g/kg ethyl carbamate once weekly for a month, (3) LAD+CMLE administered 500 mg/kg CMLE orally for the last two months of the experiment, and (4) LAD+CIPL treated group, injected 2.5 mg/kg Cisplatin intraperitoneally once weekly for the last two months of the experiment. Light and electron microscopic examinations revealed adenocarcinoma development in terminal bronchiole besides some histopathological changes in the LAD group such as atypical, exaggerated collagen fibers, increment of mucinous content, and increasing of PCNA positive immunoreactivity whereas electron microscopy investigation exposed that papillary adenocarcinoma originated from Clara cells in the LAD group. The LAD+CMLE treated group showed no tumor masses and nearly all with normal lung histology. It also recovered the normal ultrastructure of bronchiolar Clara cells. CMLE treatment offers a new alternative cure with less toxicity than Cisplatin for lung cancer therapy. Hence, CMLE would be employed as a novel supply of anti-cancer compounds combating lung cancer.
Implication of Ultra-high δ~(34)S Values of Pyrite in Manganese Mineralization Beds of Datangpo Stage

The ultra-high δ 34S values of sedimentary pyrite, exceeded +40‰, occurring in interglacial manganese mineralization beds (Datangpo Stage) of terminal Proterozoic in southern China are response to global “snowball Earth”. From “Ice House” to “Green House”, a dramatic environment change in global oceans not only incurs "the early Cambrian bio-radiation", but also results in enormous excursion of sulfur and carbon isotopes of ocean water.
Evaluating Land–Atmosphere Coupling Using a Resistance Pathway Framework

AbstractThis paper presents a methodology for examining land–atmosphere coupling in a regional climate model by examining how the resistances to moisture transfer from the land to the atmosphere control the surface turbulent energy fluxes. Perturbations were applied individually to the aerodynamic resistance from the soil surface to the displacement height, the aerodynamic resistance from the displacement height to the reference level, the stomatal resistance, and the leaf boundary layer resistance. Only perturbations to the aerodynamic resistance from the soil surface to the displacement height systematically affected 2-m air temperature for the shrub and evergreen boreal forest plant functional types (PFTs). This was associated with this resistance systematically increasing the terrestrial and atmospheric components of the land–atmosphere coupling strength through changes in the partitioning of the surface energy balance. Perturbing the other resistances did contribute to changing the partitioning of th.
Lithostratigraphy, integrated biostratigraphy and paleoenvironmental analysis of the Miocene Monte Santa Maria Tiberina succession (Umbria - Central Italy)

In this work we present the results of a lithostratigraphic review and of an integrated biostratigraphical study (based on calcareous Nannofossils, planktonic and benthic Foraminifera) of the Miocene Monte Santa Maria Tiberina (MSMT) succession. This succession, deposited during the late Aquitanian-late Serravallian, should be suddivided in two parts probably separated by a stratigraphic gap: a) a lower epituscan succession, consisting of some tens of meters of massive turbidites (Arenarie di Celle) and about 200 m of dark-grey siliceous marls, which have been related to the lower part of the Mame di Vicchio, including two main cherty horizons (late Aquitanian-early Burdigalian); b) an upper succession including the MSMT calcarenites (late Burdigalian/early Langhian), the Serrone marls (early Langhian), and the Poggio Strada and Talacchio siliciclastic turbidites (late Langhian - Serravallian). In our opinion the lower succession deposited upon the back of the Tuscan Nappe during its emplacement over the western border of the Umbria Romagna foredeep, on the uppermost, pelitic-arenaceous, member of the Macigno. The lower part of MSMT section is time-equivalent to the Bisciaro Fm and to the lowermost part of the Marnoso Arenacea. Instead the upper succession was deposited after the thrusting of the Tuscan Nappe over the Umbrian domain. Consequently this succession overlies the Marne di Vicchio in the MSMT area and the Burdigalian Marnoso Arenacea to the east of the M. Cedrone ridge, beyond the leading edge of the Tuscan Nappe thrust. The palaeoenvironmental evolution of the MSMT succession has been inferred through the analysis of benthic foraminiferal assemblages, which testify a remarkable variation of paleoecological and paleobathymetrical conditions in a vertical sense. An epifaunal dominated community, typical of the upper bathyal-outer shelf, recovered within the lower part of the Marne di Vicchio, is replaced, in the overlying succession, by a poorly diversified assemblage, which is referable to a shelf environment indicating a shallowing of the MSMT succession. A new deepening is indicated by the appearance of bathyal taxa in the uppermost Serrone marls and confirmed by the recovery of an upper-middle bathyal Astrorhizacea dominated assemblage within the upper turbiditic member.
Computational fluid dynamics modelling of a polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell under transient automotive operations

A polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cell is probably the most promising technology that will replace conventional internal combustion engines in the near future. As a primary power source for an automobile, the transient performance of a PEM fuel cell is of prime importance. In this thesis, a comprehensive, three-dimensional, two-phase, multi-species computational fuel cell dynamics model is developed in order to investigate the effect of flow-field design on the magnitude of current overshoot/undershoot and characteristics of current response when the cell is subjected to different voltage change patterns representing an automotive operation. The meshing strategy specific to PEM fuel cell modelling is studied in a systematic manner and employed in all analyses presented in this thesis. The predicted results compare very well with experimental data under both steady-state and transient operations. Two computational domains are used – the straight single-channel and practical-scale square cells with parallel, single-serpentine, and triple-serpentine flow-fields. The results from the straight single-channel cell suggest that the magnitude of current overshoot/undershoot increases with the voltage change rate. The behaviour of a current response curve is the result of complex interplay between water content at both sides of the membrane. It is also found that current overshoot/undershoot is amplified with the presence water flooding in the cell. The results from the square cell reveal that current overshoot/undershoot is caused by non-uniformity of local current density over the active area confirming the effect of flow-field geometry on transient response of the cell. By comparing the transient performance between the three flow-fields, a direct relationship between degree of water flooding in the cell and magnitude of current overshoot/undershoot has been found. A conclusion has been drawn which states that a cell with superior water removal ability will experience smaller current overshoot/undershoot.
Spatial modes of suspended sediment concentration in surface water in Bohai Sea and their temporal variations

A five years( 2000—2004) SeaWiFs satellite dataset is used to investigate the overall pattern of suspended sediments in the Bohai Sea Basin. The dataset consists of 354 charts of suspended sediment concentration( SSC) in surface water,which cannot be obtained by the conventional procedure through in-situ sampling. Results show that the 5-year mean seasonal cycle of SSC is constructed for the entire Bohai Sea Basin. The SSC exhibits a character of spatial distributions with higher values from inshore waters and lower values from offshore waters,except for those near Qinhuangdao Island.Furthermore,the SSC in the eastern part of Liaodong Bay is much higher than that of the western part. Highest concentrations occur during winter seasons and followed by spring and autumn seasons. The opposite is true during summers,except for estuary areas where the concentration remains higher during both summers and winters. The empirical orthogonal function decomposition( EOF) analysis is performed to reveal the spatial modes and the corresponding time coefficients in Bohai Sea. Results show that the first EOF mode indicates a basin-wide pattern of SSC in the Bohai Sea with an annual variation of 12-month period. The second mode reveals the influence of the Yellow River runoff on the SSC in the Bohai Sea with a dominant semi-annual( 6 months) variation at the estuary of the Yellow River. The third mode indicates that there exists a clear difference in the variation of the SSC in different waters in Bohai Sea.
Joint Norwegian – Russian environmental status 2008. Report on the Barents Sea Ecosystem. Part II – Complete report.

This report is a co-operation project between the Joint Russian - Norwegian Commission on Environmental Cooperation and the Joint Russian-Norwegian Fisheries Commission. The initiative to the report was taken by the environmental commission and was later acknowledged by the fisheries commission. Formally, it is the realisation of Project no. 1 of the Work Program for 2009-2010 for the Russian-Norwegian Environmental Cooperation, as approved by 14th meeting of the environmental commission. The work has been carried out under the umbrella of the Marine Working Group of the environmental commission and has build on the experiences from the series of previous joint PINRO/IMR reports on the status of the Barents Sea ecosystem (Stiansen et al 2006, 2007, 2008).
The unintended consequences of simplifying the sea: making the case for complexity

Many over-exploited marine ecosystems worldwide have lost their natural populations of large predatory finfish and have become dominated by crustaceans and other invertebrates. Controversially, some of these simplified ecosystems have gone on to support highly successful invertebrate fisheries capable of generating more economic value than the fisheries they replaced. Such systems have been compared with those created by modern agriculture on land, in that existing ecosystems have been converted into those that maximize the production of target species. Here, we draw on a number of concepts and case-studies to argue that this is highly risky. In many cases, the loss of large finfish has triggered dramatic ecosystem shifts to states that are both ecologically and economically undesirable, and difficult and expensive to reverse. In addition, we find that those stocks left remaining are unusually prone to collapse from disease, invasion, eutrophication and climate change. We therefore conclude that the transition from multispecies fisheries to simplified invertebrate fisheries is causing a global decline in biodiversity and is threatening global food security, rather than promoting it.
Of Pots and People: Investigating Hunter-Gatherer Pottery Production and Social Networks in the Kuril Islands

Of Pots and People: Investigating Hunter-Gatherer Pottery Production and Social Networks in the Kuril Islands Erik W. Gjesfjeld Chair of Supervisory Committee: Associate Professor Ben Fitzhugh Anthropology Ethnographic and archaeological research shows that hunter-gatherers have colonized and inhabited a diverse range of environmental settings. One example of this is the occupation of the unique sub-arctic, island environment of the Kuril archipelago located in Northeast Asia. This research aims to investigate the strategies used by hunter-gatherers to meet the challenges associated with colonization and habitation of this dynamic landscape. Building from a human behavioral ecology framework, this research develops a model that provides a series of predictions for the structure of social networks in response to differing levels of environmental uncertainty within the Kuril Islands. Using a novel methodological approach, models of social relationships are derived from the compositional data of pottery indicating the movement of artifacts across the landscape. Once network models from archaeological data have been constructed, social network analysis methods are utilized to visually and quantitatively assess archaeological networks in relation to model expectations. In addition to investigating social network patterns, this research also provides a thorough and systematic approach to understanding the production and use of pottery within maritime foraging societies of the Kuril Islands. This includes the development of a regional pottery typology that contributes to the growing body of knowledge concerning the occupation history of the region. The research also investigated the technological attributes of pottery remains by utilizing a range for archaeometric methods to infer the pottery production process as well as regional and cultural differences in the use of pottery technology. Results of this research suggest that the colonization and settlement of the Kuril Islands is a complex process highly influenced by a range of environmental, cultural and demographic factors. In contrast to the theoretical expectations about the influence of biogeography, results suggest that environmental and geographic variables are not the primary influence on the colonization and long-term habitation of the Kuril Islands. Changes in the production and use of pottery vessels as well as differences in social network structures suggest the major differences recognized in the archipelago are primarily due to socio-cultural influences. This research supports a growing body of knowledge that living in marginal island landscapes is not comparable to living in geographic isolation but rather populations in these regions are highly influenced by broader political and economic conditions.
Urban Studies

: Empirical evidence on the impact of stringent land use regulations on the price of land and housing in urban areas is growing, yet most research has been carried out in countries where ordinances are enforced. If enforcement is lax, the ultimate impact of strict rules on land and housing prices is unclear. Lower levels of compliance with rules can result in negative externalities and thereby exert downward pressure on the price of formal land. This paper presents an empirical analysis of the relationship between land use regulations, compliance and land prices in the three major metropolitan areas of Argentina, the country with the most stringent land use and urban development regulations in Latin America, using an original dataset gathered from parcel- and municipal-level surveys. Results show that municipalities with higher levels of regulation have lower rates of compliance with property laws, and lots selling legally in these municipalities have lower land prices. © 2013 Urban Studies Journal Limited. Abstract Empirical evidence on the impact of stringent land use regulations on the price of land and housing in urban areas is growing, yet most research has been carried out in countries where ordinances are enforced. If enforcement is lax, the ultimate impact of strict rules on land and housing prices is unclear. Lower levels of compliance with rules can result in negative externalities and thereby exert downward pressure on the price of formal land. This paper presents an empirical analysis of the relationship between land use regulations, compliance and land prices in the three major metropolitan areas of Argentina, the country with the most stringent land use and urban development regulations in Latin America, using an original dataset gathered from parcel- and municipal-level surveys. Results show that municipalities with higher levels of regulation have lower rates of compliance with property laws, and lots selling legally in these municipalities have lower land prices.
Turbulent open channel flow, sediment erosion and sediment transport

This thesis aims to contribute to a better understanding of turbulent open channel flow, sediment erosion and sediment transport. The thesis provides an analysis of high-fidelity data from direct numerical simulation of (i) open channel flow over an array of fixed spheres, (ii) open channel flow with mobile eroding spheres, (iii) open channel flow with sediment transport of many mobile spheres. An immersed boundary method is used to resolve the finite-size particles.