Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Manual for Conformal Field Theories in 4D

This thesis conducts an investigation of four dimensional conformal field theories (CFT). With the application of the bootstrap techniques in mind, we set out to compute the conformal partial waves (CPW) needed to bootstrap a generic four-point function in a 4D CFT. These CPW can correspond to the exchange of a bosonic or fermionic operator, in an irreducible representation (`, ̄̀) of the Lorentz group. Utilizing the embedding formalism in twistor space, we introduce a basis of differential operators that can relate any CPW to a “seed” CPW with the same exchanged operator. We compute in a closed analytic form the seed CPW. We solve the Casimir equations by using an educated ansatz and reduce the problem to an algebraic linear system. Many of the properties of the ansatz are deduced using the shadow formalism.The seed CPW depends on the representation of the exchanged operator, particularly on the value of p = |`− ̄̀| and its complexity grows with p. As an application of our results, we write the bootstrap equations for a four-point function of two scalar and two spin-1/2 fermions. We solve the equations in the light-cone limit and compute the anomalous dimensions of double-twist operators as an expansion in 1/spin in the large spin limit.
Enabling Reanalysis Research Using the Collaborative REAnalysis Technical Environment (CREATE)

AbstractThis paper describes repackaging and consistent distribution of the world’s major atmospheric and oceanic reanalyses. It also presents examples of the usefulness of examining multiple reanalyses. This service will make it much easier for anybody using reanalysis to access multiple data sets using an approach similar to that of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5) data. Experienced users as well as students will find the standardized formatted data convenient to use.
A Fast Algorithm for Aperiodic Linear Stencil Computation using Fast Fourier Transforms

Stencil computations are widely used to simulate the change of state of physical systems across a multidimensional grid over multiple timesteps. The state-of-the-art techniques in this area fall into three groups: cache-aware tiled looping algorithms, cache-oblivious divide-and-conquer trapezoidal algorithms, and Krylov subspace methods. In this article, we present two efficient parallel algorithms for performing linear stencil computations. Current direct solvers in this domain are computationally inefficient, and Krylov methods require manual labor and mathematical training. We solve these problems for linear stencils by using discrete Fourier transforms preconditioning on a Krylov method to achieve a direct solver that is both fast and general. Indeed, while all currently available algorithms for solving general linear stencils perform Θ(NT) work, where N is the size of the spatial grid and T is the number of timesteps, our algorithms perform o(NT) work. To the best of our knowledge, we give the first algorithms that use fast Fourier transforms to compute final grid data by evolving the initial data for many timesteps at once. Our algorithms handle both periodic and aperiodic boundary conditions and achieve polynomially better performance bounds (i.e., computational complexity and parallel runtime) than all other existing solutions. Initial experimental results show that implementations of our algorithms that evolve grids of roughly 107 cells for around 105 timesteps run orders of magnitude faster than state-of-the-art implementations for periodic stencil problems, and 1.3× to 8.5× faster for aperiodic stencil problems. Code Repository: https://github.com/TEAlab/FFTStencils
Embedding transparency in artificial intelligence machine learning models: managerial implications on predicting and explaining employee turnover

Abstract Employee turnover (ET) is a major issue faced by firms in all business sectors. Artificial intelligence (AI) machine learning (ML) prediction models can help to classify the likelihood of employees voluntarily departing from employment using historical employee datasets. However, output responses generated by these AI-based ML models lack transparency and interpretability, making it difficult for HR managers to understand the rationale behind the AI predictions. If managers do not understand how and why responses are generated by AI models based on the input datasets, it is unlikely to augment data-driven decision-making and bring value to the organisations. The main purpose of this article is to demonstrate the capability of Local Interpretable Model-Agnostic Explanations (LIME) technique to intuitively explain the ET predictions generated by AI-based ML models for a given employee dataset to HR managers. From a theoretical perspective, we contribute to the International Human Resource Management literature by presenting a conceptual review of AI algorithmic transparency and then discussing its significance to sustain competitive advantage by using the principles of resource-based view theory. We also offer a transparent AI implementation framework using LIME which will provide a useful guide for HR managers to increase the explainability of the AI-based ML models, and therefore mitigate trust issues in data-driven decision-making.
SVM for FT‐MIR prostate cancer classification: An alternative to the traditional methods

In this paper, principal component analysis (PCA), successive projections algorithm (SPA), and genetic algorithm (GA) followed by support vector machines (SVM), combined with Fourier‐transform mid‐infrared (FT‐MIR) spectroscopy were presented as complementary or alternatives tools to the traditional methods for prostate cancer screening and classification. These approaches were applied to analyze tissue samples, and their performances were compared within dependent SVM models and with traditional methods of diagnosis, according to class separation interpretability, time consumption, and figures of merit. The results showed that variable reduction and selection methods followed by SVM can reduce drawbacks of independent SVM analysis. The potential biomarkers indicated by PCA‐SVM, SPA‐SVM, and GA‐SVM were amide I, II, and III; as well as protein regions (1400‐1585 cm−1), followed by DNA/RNA (O—P—O symmetric stretch) (1080 cm−1) and DNA (O—P—O asymmetric stretch) (1230 cm−1) regions. GA‐SVM was the best classification approach, with higher sensitivity (100%) and specificity (80%), particularly in early stages, being better than traditional methods of diagnosis.
Predicting Travel Motivation with Personality and Personal Values – The Roles of Big Five Plus Honesty/Humility Personality Traits and Kahle’s Values

ABSTRACT The principal aim of this paper was to investigate the roles of tourists’ personality traits and personal values in shaping their travel motivation. Although previous literature has recognized these constructs as predictors of people’s travel motivation, existing tourism literature lacks studies that combined tourists’ personality, their personal values, and travel motivation within one research framework. Moreover, this paper contributes to existing tourism literature as it was the first to investigate the relationship between personality traits, measured with six personality factors (Big Five plus Honesty/Humility) and travel motivation. Specifically, the present study provides evidence on how the sixth trait – Honesty/Humility interacts with travel motivation. Besides, all nine investigated personal values were confirmed to positively influence travel motivation. Practical implications are discussed in the paper.
Modeling and analysis of solar air channels with attachments of different shapes

Purpose This paper aims to report the results of numerical analysis of turbulent fluid flow and forced-convection heat transfer in solar air channels with baffle-type attachments of various shapes. The effect of reconfiguring baffle geometry on the local and average heat transfer coefficients and pressure drop measurements in the whole domain investigated at constant surface temperature condition along the top and bottom channels’ walls is studied by comparing 15 forms of the baffle, which are simple (flat rectangular), triangular, trapezoidal, cascaded rectangular-triangular, diamond, arc, corrugated, +, S, V, double V (or W), Z, T, G and epsilon (or e)-shaped, with the Reynolds number changing from 12,000 to 32,000. Design/methodology/approach The baffled channel flow model is controlled by the Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes equations, besides the k-epsilon (or k-e) turbulence model and the energy equation. The finite volume method, by means of commercial computational fluid dynamics software FLUENT is used in this research work. Findings Over the range investigated, the Z-shaped baffle gives a higher thermal enhancement factor than with simple, triangular, trapezoidal, cascaded rectangular-triangular, diamond, arc, corrugated, +, S, V, W, T, G and e-shaped baffles by about 3.569-20.809; 3.696-20.127; 3.916-20.498; 1.834-12.154; 1.758-12.107; 7.272-23.333; 6.509-22.965; 8.917-26.463; 8.257-23.759; 5.513-18.960; 8.331-27.016; 7.520-26.592; 6.452-24.324; and 0.637-17.139 per cent, respectively. Thus, the baffle of Z-geometry is considered as the best modern model of obstacles to significantly improve the dynamic and thermal performance of the turbulent airflow within the solar channel. Originality/value This analysis reports an interesting strategy to enhance thermal transfer in solar air channels by use of attachments with various shapes
Economic Analysis of the Barley Market and Related Uses

Barley is an important cereal worldwide cultivated since about 10,000 years. Barley crop is the fourth most important cereal in the world, after wheat, corn, and rice. It could be a food source for millions of people even though today it is mainly used as animal feed and brewing. So, recently, more than 70% of barley crop has been used for feed; about 21% has been intended to malting, brewing, and distilling industries; lesser than 6% has been consumed as human food. In addition, a growing interest in renewable energy has led to the modest use of barley grain for the production of fuel ethanol. The prominence of barley as food is mainly due to its potentialities in the production of healthy food, as an excellent source of dietary fiber, and a functional food ingredient such as β-glucan. The purpose of this chapter is to carry out an analysis of barley market and to present, in summary, its principal uses.
An L1 analysis of a kernel‐based hazard rate estimator

This article provides an L1 analysis of the standard nonparametric kernel‐based hazard rate estimator under the random right censorship model. The analysis starts with the asymptotic formula for the integrated mean absolute error (IMAE) and then addresses the issue of bandwidth selection. In particular, we show that as a function of bandwidth, the asymptotic minimum of IMAE occurs at the minimising argument of the dominant term of the IMAE's asymptotic expression. Further, it is noted that finding the minimising argument of the dominant term of the asymptotic IMAE is very close to the similar problem in L1 density estimation except that, as one would expect, the minimising argument now depends on the functionals of the unknown hazard rate. We then use estimates of these unknown functionals in an algorithm to calculate an adaptive version of the optimal bandwidth. We also show that, asymptotically, both theoretical and adaptive forms of the bandwidths do minimise the L1 distance between the true hazard rate function and its kernel estimator. We also provide a simulation study to illustrate the methodology and compare L1 errors of hazard rate estimates which use L1 and L2 optimal bandwidths.
AN ANALYTICAL CALCULATION METHOD OF QUASI-STATIONARY THREE-DIMENSIONAL ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELD CREATED BY THE ARBITRARY CURRENT CONTOUR THAT LOCATED NEAR CONDUCTING BODY

On the basis of the analytical decision of problem on a field of radiating harmonious current dipole the analytical calculation method of quasi-stationary three-dimensional electromagnetic field created by arbitrary spatial current contour, located near conducting body with a flat surface is developed. The analytical decision taking into account closed current contour is found for vector potential, induction of magnetic field and intensity of electric field in dielectric and conducting media without limitations on contours geometry, media properties and current frequency It is established, that the current density in the conducting medium has no component directed perpendicularly to flat surface of body for any initial current system and for any dependence of currents on time. As consequence, the perpendicular component of electric field intensity on a surface of the dielectric medium and surface density of electric do not depend on properties of the conductive medium and they are defined only by a vertical component of the induced electric field of the initial currents at any dependence on time. 21, figure
Avicenna on the Primary Propositions

Avicenna introduces the primary propositions (or the primaries, for short) as the most fundamental principles of knowledge. (In this paper, we are not primarily concerned with the primary/first intelligibles as concepts/conceptions.) However, as far as we are aware, Avicenna’s primaries have not yet been independently studied. Nor do Avicenna scholars agree on how to characterize them in the language of contemporary philosophy. It is well-known that the primaries are indemonstrable; nonetheless, it is not clear what the genealogy of the primaries is (§2), how, epistemologically speaking, they can be distinguished from other principles (§3), what their phenomenology is (§4), what the cause of the assent to them is (§5), how to explain the relationship between the ‘innate [nature] of the intellect’ and the primaries (§6) and, finally, back to their indemonstrability, in what sense they are ‘indemonstrable’ (§7). We will try to fill this gap. As a corollary, we will explain why Gutas’s view [Gutas, Dimitri. 2012. ‘The empiricism of Avicenna’, Oriens, 40, 391–436], among others, according to which the primaries are analytic (in the Kantian sense) is not true in general (§8). More particularly, we will argue that some primary propositions can be categorized under Kantian synthetic a priori, consistent with Black’s and Ardeshir’s conjecture [Black, Deborah L. 2013. ‘Certitude, justification, and the principles of knowledge in Avicenna’s epistemology’, in Peter Adamson, Interpreting Avicenna: Critical Essays, New York: Cambridge University Press; Ardeshir, Mohammad. 2008. ‘Ibn Sīnā’s philosophy of mathematics’, in S. Rahman, T. Street, and H. Tahiri, The Unity of Science in the Arabic Tradition, New York: Springer]. We hope that this work opens up some space to study Avicenna’s philosophy of mathematics and logic in connection with his epistemology, philosophy of mind and metaphysics.
OPTIMAL SHAPE OF TRUSS STRUCTURES SUPPORTING PROTECTIVE WALLS

ABSTRACT In this paper, design of trusses supporting a protective wall is discussed. The wall is assumed as sufficiently bearable and fully distributes the load caused by explosion. The problem of the assessment is narrowed to the optimal design for minimum overall mass of the trusses. The reason why the problem of such a protective system is often focused on the optimal shape of trusses is the fact that their members may be considered as a system of springs, which are a suitable means of dissipating energy induced by the effect of load due to explosion. The explosion is initiated in space or directly on the surface of the wall. In our case, vertical walls are considered in 2D; simple generalization of the proposed procedure described below can lead to the optimization of trusses that are curved both in the plane and in space. The algorithms put forward can be applied well for these generalized cases of geometry of the trusses. For various load scenarios, depending on the center of explosion, the optimal shape of truss columns are found using a nonlinear programming, based on the extended Simplex method. An important circumstance is the introduction of buckling effect in the compressed members. The joints are fixed in the plane of the truss and the joint connections are selected in such a way that the minimum mass of the whole truss is attained. The approach leading to the optimal shape is briefly described. It is taken into account that the optimal structure of the truss is achieved exclusively for a statically determinate structure, which always exhibits better results than the indeterminate one. Several typical examples accompany the proposed theory.
Contraction Mapping-Based Robust Convergence of Iterative Learning Control With Uncertain, Locally Lipschitz Nonlinearity

This paper studies the output tracking control problems for multiple-input, multiple-output (MIMO) locally Lipschitz nonlinear (LLNL) systems subject to iterative operation and uncertain, iteration-varying external disturbances and initial conditions. Under the assumption of a linear, P-type iterative learning control (ILC) update law, a double-dynamics analysis (DDA) approach is proposed to show the convergence of the ILC process in the presence of the locally Lipschitz nonlinearities and iteration-varying uncertainties. The DDA approach results in a contraction mapping-based convergence condition that guarantees both: 1) the boundedness of all system trajectories and 2) the robust convergence of the output tracking error. Further, a basic system relative degree condition is given that provides a necessary and sufficient (NAS) guarantee of the convergence of the ILC process. As a corollary, it is noted that in the absence of iteration-varying uncertainties, the results likewise provide an NAS convergence guarantee for MIMO LLNL systems. The simulations are presented to illustrate the ideas.
Solvability for a Class of Schrodinger Equations with Periodic Potential

In this thesis we study the existence of solutions for a class of semilinear Schrödinger equations of the form −∆u+ V (x)u = f̄(x, u), x ∈ R , where N ≥ 2, the potential V is a 1-periodic continuous function. In dimension N ≥ 3, we assume that 0 lies in a spectral gap of the Schrödinger operator S = −∆+V and the nonlinearity is from concave and convex type. In dimension N = 2, we assume that 0 lies in a spectral gap or on the boundary of a spectral gap of S and we deal with nonlinearities having exponential growth in the Trudinger-Moser sense. We treat the case where f̄(x, t) is periodic as well as the nonperiodic one. The proofs relies on variational setting, by using linking-type theorems, some Trudinger-Moser inequalities and concentration-compactness principles.
Coupling remote sensing and eDNA to monitor environmental impact: A pilot to quantify the environmental benefits of sustainable agriculture in the Brazilian Amazon

Monitoring is essential to ensure that environmental goals are being achieved, including those of sustainable agriculture. Growing interest in environmental monitoring provides an opportunity to improve monitoring practices. Approaches that directly monitor land cover change and biodiversity annually by coupling the wall-to-wall coverage from remote sensing and the site-specific community composition from environmental DNA (eDNA) can provide timely, relevant results for parties interested in the success of sustainable agricultural practices. To ensure that the measured impacts are due to the environmental projects and not exogenous factors, sites where projects have been implemented should be benchmarked against counterfactuals (no project) and control (natural habitat) sites. Results can then be used to calculate diverse sets of indicators customized to monitor different projects. Here, we report on our experience developing and applying one such approach to assess the impact of shaded cocoa projects implemented by the Instituto de Manejo e Certificação Florestal e Agrícola (IMAFLORA) near São Félix do Xingu, in Pará, Brazil. We used the Continuous Degradation Detection (CODED) and LandTrendr algorithms to create a remote sensing-based assessment of forest disturbance and regeneration, estimate carbon sequestration, and changes in essential habitats. We coupled these remote sensing methods with eDNA analyses using arthropod-targeted primers by collecting soil samples from intervention and counterfactual pasture field sites and a control secondary forest. We used a custom set of indicators from the pilot application of a coupled monitoring framework called TerraBio. Our results suggest that, due to IMAFLORA’s shaded cocoa projects, over 400 acres were restored in the intervention area and the community composition of arthropods in shaded cocoa is closer to second-growth forests than that of pastures. In reviewing the coupled approach, we found multiple aspects worked well, and we conclude by presenting multiple lessons learned.
Increasing transposase abundance with ocean depth correlates with a particle-associated lifestyle

Transposases are mobile genetic elements (MGEs) that move within and between genomes, promoting genomic plasticity in microorganisms. In marine microbial communities, the abundance of transposases increases with depth, but the reasons behind this trend remain unclear. Our analysis of metagenomes from the Tara Oceans and Malaspina Expeditions suggests that a particle-associated lifestyle is the main covariate for the high occurrence of transposases in the deep ocean. We observed a strong and depth-independent correlation between transposase abundance and the presence of biofilm-associated genes, as well as the prevalence of secretory enzymes. This suggests that mobile genetic elements readily propagate among microbial communities within crowded biofilms. Furthermore, we show that particle association positively correlates with larger genome size, which is in turn is associated with higher transposase abundance. Cassette sequences associated with transposons are enriched with genes related to defense mechanisms, which are more highly expressed in the deep sea. Thus, while transposons spread at the expense of their microbial hosts, they also introduce novel genes and potentially benefit the hosts in helping to compete for limited resources. Overall, our results suggest a new understanding of deep ocean particles as highways for gene sharing among defensively oriented microbial genomes. Importance Genes can move within and between microbial genomes via mobile genetic elements, which include transposases and transposons. In the oceans, there is a puzzling increase in transposase abundance in microbial genomes as depth increases. To gain insight into this trend, we conducted an extensive analysis of marine microbial metagenomes and metatranscriptomes. We found a significant correlation between transposase abundance and a particle-associated lifestyle among marine microbes. We also observed a link between transposase abundance and genes related to defense mechanisms. These results suggest that as microbes become densely packed into crowded particles, mobile genes are more likely to spread and carry genetic material that provides a competitive advantage in crowded habitats. This may enable deep sea microbes to effectively compete in such environments.