Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Flammability Studies of 700 Articles of Upholstered Furniture

In 1981 the Bureau of Home Furnishings and Thermal Insulation began a study to evaluate the potential for cigarette ignition of residential upholstered furniture and to determine the percent of compliance with California's manda tory flammability regulations for materials used in upholstered furniture and the State's labeling requirements. This paper reports the results on 700 articles of upholstered furniture. The presence of labels and compliance with Califor nia's furniture flammability regulations is discussed. A summary of cigarette ignitions is given. The effect of cigarette test location, cover fabric weight, fiber content, resin backcoating and type filling material on cigarette ignition is dis cussed and the wide variety of material choices for cigarette ignition resistant residential upholstered furniture demonstrated.
Challenges of Singapore’s First Acute Geriatric Isolation Facility During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Aim The COVID-19 pandemic has seen hospitals isolating suspect cases. Geriatric populations are at a risk of severe COVID-19 disease and often present with concomitant geriatric syndromes requiring holistic interdisciplinary care. However, isolation of older people poses challenges to care delivery. This study shares the experience of Singapore’s first acute geriatric isolation facility geriatric PARI (Pneumonia-Acute Respiratory Infection) ward and describes the geriatric-related outcomes and pitfalls in care delivery. Methods This is a retrospective cross-sectional study performed in 7 negative pressure isolation rooms in an acute care public hospital in Singapore. 100 patients admitted consecutively to the geriatric PARI ward were included. Patient demographics, presenting symptoms and geriatric-related adverse outcomes associated with hospitalisation were collected and analysed. Results Patients’ mean age was 86.4 years (standard deviation [SD]: 6.8) with significant comorbidities being hypertension (81%), hyperlipidaemia (74%) and renal disease (70%). 51% of patients had dementia and 24% had behaviour and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD). 27% of patients presented atypically with delirium and 15% presented with a fall. Delirium was associated with restraint use (OR: 3.88; p-value 0.01). Falls rate was 1.64 per 1000 occupied bed. 1 patient screened positive for COVID-19. Conclusions The geriatric PARI ward is essential for curbing nosocomial transmission of COVID-19. This is important in the older people with comorbidities who are more likely to develop morbidity and mortality. Our study reveals challenges in delivering person-centred care to the older patients in isolation rooms, especially in the management of delirium and falls prevention. Innovative strategies should be developed to minimise isolation-related adverse outcome.
Initial Long-Term Scenarios for COVID-19’s Impact on Aviation and Implications for Climate Policy

The COVID-19 pandemic had a dramatic impact on aviation in 2020, and the industry’s future is uncertain. In this paper, we consider scenarios for recovery and ongoing demand, and discuss the implications of these scenarios for aviation emissions-related policy, including the Carbon Offsetting and Reduction Scheme for International Aviation (CORSIA) and the EU Emissions Trading Scheme (ETS). Using the Aviation Integrated Model (AIM2015), a global aviation systems model, we project how long-term demand, fleet, and emissions projections might change. Depending on recovery scenario, we project cumulative aviation fuel use to 2050 might be up to 9% below that in scenarios not including the pandemic. The majority of this difference arises from reductions in relative global income levels. Around 40% of modeled scenarios project no offset requirement in either the CORSIA pilot or first phases; however, because of its more stringent emissions baseline (based on reductions from year 2004–2006 CO2, rather than constant year-2019 CO2), the EU ETS is likely to be less affected. However, if no new policies are applied and technology developments follow historical trends, year-2050 global net aviation CO2 is still likely to be well above industry goals, including the goal of carbon-neutral growth from 2019, even when the demand effects of the pandemic are accounted for.
When Are the Bigger Fish in the Small Pond Better Citizens? A Multilevel Examination of Relative Overqualification in Workgroups

In this study, we extend overqualification research to employees' social context of workgroup membership. Drawing upon social comparison theory and integrating with social exchange theory, we contend that employees' relative overqualification (ROQ, defined as individual overqualification relative to other group members' overqualification perceptions) is associated with their relative standing with their leader (measured as LMXSC, leader–member exchange social comparison), which in turn relates to employees' organizational citizenship behaviors (OCB). Furthermore, we assert that workgroup structural attributes and individual values (leader span of control and power distance orientation) influence the ROQ–LMXSC–OCB relationship. Multilevel modeling using data from 243 employees nested in 36 workgroups suggested patterns of moderated mediation where leader span of control and employee power distance orientation moderate the indirect link between ROQ and OCB through LMXSC. That is, the indirect relationship between ROQ and OCB is stronger in workgroups with a narrow leader span of control and for employees high in power distance orientation. Implications and directions for meso- and group-level research are discussed.
Characterization of the recombinant cellulase A from Thermotoga maritima

A gene encoding thermostable cellulase A (TmCelA) was isolated from Thermotoga maritima . The open reading frame of TmCelA gene was 774 bp long which predicted to encode 257 amino acid residues with a molecular weight of 29,732 Da. To examine the biochemical properties, the TmCelA was overexpressed in E. coli BL21, and expressed protein was purified. The optimum temperature of recombinant TmCelA was 90-95 o C, and the optimum pH of recombinant TmCelA was approximately pH 5.0. Recombinant TmCelA was stable at temperature below 90 o C.
Soil properties and microbiome of annual and perennial cultivated grasslands on the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau

Efforts to enhance food, fibre, and forage yields and achieve global food security have included the conversion of natural grasslands to cultivated grasslands. The quantitative effects of a global shift in grassland management on soil properties and microbial communities critical to ecosystem function have remained largely unexplored, particularly on China's Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau. Accordingly, the distinct and contrasting effects of annual Avena grasslands (AAG) versus perennial Elymus nutans Griseb. cultivated grasslands (PEG) on the region's soil properties and microbiome were investigated in an effort to examine their contribution to maintaining soil carbon and nutrients. Across three sites per grassland type, soil moisture content (45.55%), soil organic carbon (48.97 g kg−1), soil total nitrogen (5.13 g kg−1), and soil ammonium nitrogen (298.32 mg kg−1) were 19%–32% greater at PEG sites than AAG sites, whereas soil pH (7.81), soil total phosphorus (0.44 g kg−1), and soil available phosphorus (0.81 mg kg−1) were 2%–31% lower. The AAG and PEG site soils had different bacterial and fungal β‐diversities but similar α‐diversities. The relative combined abundance of Gemmatimonadetes and Chytridiomycota, and that of Rozellomycota individually, were, respectively, higher and lower in AAG versus PEG site soils. This suggests that, on the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau, contrasting grassland cultivation practices affect soil properties and microbes differently. Given the strong interaction between a soil and its microbiome, changes in a soil's microbial community structure can be expected to substantially alter soil function. This will have important ecological service implications, particularly in terms of carbon storage and water conservation in this ecologically fragile region.
PENINGKATAN MINAT DAN HASIL BELAJAR SISWA MATERI PEWARISAN SIFAT MELALUI METODE KONSEPTUAL KELAS IX SMP NEGERI 1 SUGIHWARAS BOJONEGORO TAHUN PELAJARAN 2020/2021

Penelitian ini memiliki tujuan untuk mengetahui sejauh mana penerapan Metode Konseptual dalam meningkatkan minat belajar dan hasil belajar siswa mata pelajaran IPA KELAS IX A SMP Negeri 1 Sugihwaras Kabupaten Bojonegoro Propinsi Jawa Timur Semester Ganjil Tahun Pelajaran 2020/2021pada topik Perkawinan Silang. Jenis Penelitian ini adalah Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (PTK). Penelitian tindakan kelas ini menggunakan tiga siklus, tiap siklus menggunakan empat tahap, yaitu perencanaan, pelaksanaan, observasi, dan refleksi. Pada akhir setiap siklus dilaksanakan tes dengan menggunakan instrumen soal. Kemudian hasil yang diperoleh pada siklus pertama, kedua, dan ketiga dirata-rata untuk menjadi hasil akhir dari setiap siklus.apabila melihat data terdapat kenaikan dari siklus I ke siklus II, siklus I ketuntasan mencapai 25 % naik menjadi 68 % pada siklus II. Selanjutnya dari siklus II ke siklus III juga mengalami kenaikan, pada siklus II ketuntasan mencapai 68 % naik pada siklus III menjadi 91 %. Siswa yang belum mencapai KKM pada siklus I mencapai 23 siswa atau 75 % berkurang pada siklus II yaitu tinggal 10 siswa, berkurang 43 % dan pada siklus III hanya tinggal 3 siswa. Berarti terjadi peningkatan ketuntasan belajar pada siswa dan jumlahnya mencapai 91. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa dengan menggunakan Metode Konseptual dapat meningkatkan minat dan hasil belajar siswa Kelas IX A SMP Negeri 1 Sugihwaras Kabupaten Bojonegoro Jawa Timur Semester Ganjil Tahun Pelajara 2020/2021 pada materi IPA topik pewarisan sifat.
Complete case logistic regression with a dichotomised continuous outcome: a simulation study

Background A complete case logistic regression will give a biased estimate of the exposure odds ratio only if there is a multiplicative interaction between the exposure and outcome with respect to the probability of missingness – whereas linear regression with a continuous outcome is biased in more scenarios, including when only the outcome causes missingness. It is not clear whether a complete case logistic regression will give a biased estimate of the odds ratio if missingness depends on a continuous outcome but this outcome is dichotomised for the analysis – a common situation in epidemiology. Methods We investigated this using a simulation study and data from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC), a UK birth cohort. We also examined whether any bias could be reduced by including a proxy for the binary outcome as an auxiliary variable in multiple imputation. Results There was negligible bias in the exposure odds ratio when the probability of being a complete case was independently associated with the exposure and (continuous) outcome but important bias in the presence of an interaction, particularly at high levels of missing data. Inclusion of the proxy led to significant bias reductions when this had high sensitivity and specificity in relation to the study outcome. Conclusions The robustness of logistic regression to missing data is maintained even when the outcome is a binary version of a continuous outcome. Bias due to an interaction between the exposure and outcome in their effect on selection could be reduced by including proxies for the missing outcome as auxiliary variables in MI. If such proxies are available, we would recommend using MI over a complete case analysis because, in practice, it would be difficult to rule out an interaction.
Tax Compliance Cost of SMEs in Ghana

Purpose: The study sought to identify and measure the tax compliance costs incurred by SMEs in Ghana. It further sought to ascertain the compliance benefits earned by taxpayers. Methodology: Data was collected through a self-administered survey of 116 SMEs in five regions in Ghana. Findings: The study found that SMEs incur a gross compliance cost of GHC2 315 annually (excluding technological cost) or GHC4 687 where technological cost is included. The breakdown of the gross TCC by components showed the Internal Cost of GHC1 048, Incidental Cost of GHC121 and External Cost of GHC1 146. This study could not estimate the tax compliance benefits, even though most of the respondents agreed to the existence of benefits irrespective of their size. Small businesses were found to spend mostly on tax computational activities while medium and larger firms spent on tax planning activities. The results also depict the regressive nature of income tax in Ghana. Originality/Value: Very little is known about the magnitude of resource SMEs in Ghana devote to complying with tax. The paper thus provides a reference point for tax compliance cost against which future studies and improvement to the tax system could be measured. This study fills the literature gap on TCC in Ghana .
The Effects of an Associative, Dissociative, Internal, and External Focus of Attention on Running Economy

Much research has been executed to investigate how altering focus of attention impacts performance and feelings of fatigue. Using a within-participant design, the present study examined how an associative and dissociative attentional in addition to an internal and external attentional dimension influenced the running economy of nonprofessional runners. Twelve women (aged 18–30 years old) ran on a treadmill at 70% of their predetermined maximum velocity. Participants ran in four counterbalanced conditions (dissociative-external, dissociative-internal, associative-external, and associative-internal). Average oxygen volume, respiration volume and breathing frequency, heart rate, blood lactate level, and Borg rating of perceived exertion were measured. Our findings revealed when participants adopted a dissociative-external focus of attention, they consumed less oxygen, had lower blood lactate, and a lower rating of perceived exertion compared with trials completed using an associative attention strategy. The findings of this study demonstrate that running economy is improved and feelings of fatigue are lowest when using a combination of a dissociative-external focus of attention.
Generation of transform limited optical pulses using all-optical gate

Transform limited optical pulses have been generated using an all-optical gate based on an optical fibre Sagnac loop in which optically amplified, spectrally chirped, gain switched pulses from a DFB laser diode were used to 'gate' a DFB laser diode driven CW. The resulting pulses were measured to be transform limited and are therefore suitable for transmission as solitons.
Signal-Multiplexing Ranging for Network Localization

Precise range information is essential for high-precision network localization, where clock drifts will severely degrade the ranging accuracy. Two-way ranging methods are commonly adopted to mitigate those effects in localization networks but requiring a large amount of signal transmission to measure the distance between all pairs of nodes. This paper establishes a network localization framework, which fully mitigates clock drifts using only a minimum number of signal transmissions. The enabler is the proposed signal-multiplexing network ranging (SM-NR) method that minimizes communication overhead via signal multiplexing and eliminates clock drifts by exploiting the interconnections of timestamps. The proposed localization framework also allows some nodes to work in silent mode, of which the positions can be precisely determined without extra ranging signal transmissions. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm can achieve high-precision localization in the presence of clock drifts with minimum signal overhead.
Designing rectangular patch antenna using the neurospectral method

This paper presents a new method for developing computer-aided design (CAD) models, using spectral domain (SD) formulation. Using the artificial neural network (ANN) technique, a combination of continuous function and delta functions constitutes the spectral domain Green's functions. We obtain closed-form formulas for integration involving these equations. Another neural network relates different antenna parameters. Utilizing the reverse modeling for patch dimension determination, it becomes useful as a CAD model for patch antenna design. Designs, of simple rectangular patch antennas, serve as illustration of this method.
OPTIMIZATION OF POTABLE WATER NETWORK (CASE STUDY)

An approach to the optimal design of pipe networks is presented and applied to a case study. The sequential unconstrained minimization technique to solve the optimal design of network is applied for pipe network optimization and the Newton-Raphson method for the hydraulic analysis of the network. Water distribution system design satisfying all constraints including pipe diameter and nodal pressure is performed. The performance of the proposed approach is tested on an existing network. The case study is for El-Mostakbal City network, an extension to an existing distribution network of Ismailia City, Egypt. The application of the method on the network shows its capability to solve such actual optimization problems.
The Impact of COVID 19 Precautionary Measures on Management of Chronic Disease Patients Following in Primary Health Care Centers Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, 2020

Purpose: Since the declaration of the wide and progressive spread of COVID-19 as a pandemic, the health systems worldwide are facing challenges in the balance between applying recommended precautionary measures for COVID-19, while maintain providing essential routine health care to other groups like chronic diseases' patients. The current study aims to explore impact of precautionary measures of COVID-19 on chronic diseases' patients in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Methodology: Through an analytical cross-sectional study; a representative sample of chronic diseases' patients were selected randomly from primary health care centers in Jeddah. They were invited to respond to a valid questionnaire designed to collect data about the impact of Covid 19 pandemic measures on chronic diseases’ patients. The questionnaire is adapted from valid published questionnaires conceptualized around the impact of Covid 19 measures on chronic patients. Chi-square test was used to identify association between the health status and the independent variables. P-value <0.05 was considered as an indication for significance. Results: Out of all respondents (n=386) there was almost equal distribution of females (52.3%) and males (47.7%), and remarkable dominance of Saudis (91.7%); two thirds (62.7%) reported one chronic disease while the rest had two or more diseases. Considerable proportions faced difficulties in medical appointments (43.8%), reaching physicians (30.1%) and obtaining medicines (16.6%) during the pandemic. The health status of 23.3% became worse; especially among those with low income (46.4%), those who needed emergency care (57.1%) and all who did not get it p<0.005. Conclusion and recommendations: The precautionary measures of COVID-19 have an impact on the care, health status of chronic diseases' patients. Efforts should be made to plan for innovative measures to ensure providing essential health care to chronic diseases' patients during pandemics.
The correlation between corneal endothelial cell density, central corneal thickness and retinal nerve fibre layer thickness in glaucoma suspects and newly detected primary glaucoma patients.

Purpose: To correlate corneal endothelial cell density, central corneal thickness and retinal nerve fiber layer thickness in glaucoma suspects and newly detected primary glaucoma patients. Patients and Methods: This duration-based, case-control study included 219 patients of which 80 were glaucoma suspects, 60 primary open- angle glaucoma and 79 were controls. The data was collected at the department of ophthalmology at Vydehi Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Center, Bangalore. Specular microscopy and Optical Coherence Tomography were performed on each patient and analysed. Results: The mean endothelial cell density showed a significant difference in glaucoma suspects and primary open angle glaucoma in comparison with controls. The CCT showed only a minimal difference between the three groups. The comparative analysis of RNFL in controls, glaucoma suspects and primary open angle glaucoma showed that primary open angle glaucoma showed the highest thinning among the three groups. The mean value between the controls, glaucoma suspects and primary open angle glaucoma was significant with a p value <0.001. Conclusion: Eyes with lower ECD were found to have thinner RNFL and Larger CDR in glaucoma suspects and newly detected cases of primary open angle glaucoma and the rate of RNFL and endothelial cell damage was directly proportional to increasing IOP. The CCT in the three groups showed only minimal difference. Thus, corneal parameters like ECD and CCT when used in combination with RNFL thickness are paramount in predicting the chances of future development of progressive glaucomatous optic neuropathy among glaucoma suspects and newly detected primary open angle glaucoma patients.
Comparing Three Plagiarism Tools (Ferret, Sherlock, and Turnitin)

An attempt was made to carry out an experiment with three plagiarism detection tools (two free/open source tools, namely, Ferret and Sherlock, and one commercial web-based software called Turnitin) on Clough-Stevenson’s corpus [1] including documents classified in three types of plagiarism and one type of non-plagiarism. The experiment was toward Extrinsic/External detecting plagiarism. The goal was to observe the performance of the tools on the corpus and then to analyze, compare, and discuss the outputs and, finally to see whether the tools’ identification of documents is the same as that identified by Clough and Stevenson.
Designing a detection experiment: tricks and trade-offs

Detection experiments are relatively new to weed management and provide an opportunity to assess the capability of weed surveys. Long-held statistical principles such as stratification, randomisation and replication should guide detection experiment design, but these can conflict with the need to create a realistic search environment, and the logistics of conducting the experiment. In this paper we outline some of these principles and trade-offs, with particular reference to a recent experiment on the detectability of hawkweeds in the Victorian Alps.
Scattered and absorbed powers in receiving antennas

This paper discusses the amount of power, which is scattered and absorbed by a receiving antenna and in particular, whether an antenna can absorb the entire power incident upon it. The absorbed and scattered power from dipole arrays in either free space, or over ground plane is considered. By defining a suitable "aperture efficiency" for the receiving case, a dipole array without a ground plane can best absorb half of the incident power (scattering the rest), while an array over a ground plane can absorb all of the incident power. It is shown how aperture efficiency varies with load impedance, which is of practical interest for array designers.