Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Morpho-Histology and Morphometry of Chicken Testes and Seminiferous Tubules among Yellow-Feathered Broilers of Different Ages

Simple Summary Testes are important male reproductive organs that in chickens have been greatly investigated, from pre-hatch to after sexual maturity. The present study investigated the changes in components that occur during growth, and evaluated morphometry of the seminiferous tubules (ST), as well as gonadosomatic index (GSI) in Gallus domesticus at different age stages. The left and right testes were harvested from 70 chickens, then fixed in alcoholic acetate formalin (AAF) fixative solution, and hematoxylin- and eosin-stained tissues were used for microscopic observations. The results revealed that the left testis (LT) and the right testis (RT) exhibited fuzzy ST features, with apoptotic resorption of many tubules observed in both testes of 1-wk-old chicks only. ST formation was completed at 1 month, with an increase of all morphometric parameters in both testes until sexual maturity (3-mo-old): the age at which we recorded the greatest GSI. This study provides details on ST apoptotic resorption, which is a process not yet reported in existing publications, as well as ST morphometry and GSI, from a juvenile stage of growth towards sexual maturity. This can serve as reference material and also as a data update to better understand the morpho-histological changes that occur in chicken testes during growth. Abstract Unlike in many mammals, poultry testes are found in the abdominal cavity where they develop and perform spermatogenesis at high body temperature. Scarce reports among current publications detail the growth of testes and ST morphometry among juvenile chicks. Therefore, this study aims to investigate changes in components occurring in Gallus domesticus testes, by assessing the GSI and morphologically and histologically evaluating the testes and ST morphometry from 1-wk- to 4-mo-old. Right and left testes were collected from 70 healthy chickens divided into seven age-related groups (n = 10) and then immersed into the alcoholic acetate formalin (AAF) fixative solution. Hematoxylin- and eosin-stained tissues were used for microscopic observations. The findings revealed that both testes exhibited smooth features from 1-wk-old to 1-mo-old, and thereafter showed a consistent increase in vascularization until 4-mo-old. Histologically, both testes exhibited unclear ST, with ST apoptotic resorption observed in the 1-wk-old chicks. Until 1-mo-old, ST formed and few spermatogonia differentiated into primary spermatocytes, with all spermatogenic cells observed at 3-mo-old, i.e., sexual maturity. These findings suggest that both testes develop in analogy, and their sizes including increases in length and diameter are related to the spermatogenic activity in the ST. Subsequently, ST resorption by apoptosis is assumed to participate in the physiological mechanism regulating germ cells (GC). Finally, the GSI tended to increase with growth.
Two Distinct Mechanisms Underlying γδ T Cell-Mediated Regulation of Collagen Type I in Lung Fibroblasts

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis is a chronic intractable lung disease, leading to respiratory failure and death. Although anti-fibrotic agents delay disease progression, they are not considered curative treatments, and alternative modalities have attracted attention. We examined the effect of human γδ T cells on collagen type I in lung fibroblasts. Collagen type I was markedly reduced in a γδ T cell number-dependent manner following treatment with γδ T cells expanded with tetrakis-pivaloxymethyl 2-(thiazole-2-ylamino) ethylidene-1,1-bisphosphonate (PTA) and interleukin-2. Collagen type I levels remained unchanged on addition of γδ T cells to the culture system through a trans-well culture membrane, suggesting that cell–cell contact is essential for reducing its levels in lung fibroblasts. Re-stimulating γδ T cells with (E)-4-hydroxy-3-methylbut-2-enyl diphosphate (HMBPP) reduced collagen type I levels without cell–cell contact, indicating the existence of HMBPP-induced soluble anti-fibrotic factors in γδ T cells. Adding anti-interferon-γ (IFN-γ)-neutralizing mAb restored collagen type I levels, demonstrating that human γδ T cell-derived IFN-γ reduces collagen type I levels. Conversely, interleukin-18 augmented γδ T cell-induced suppression of collagen type I. Therefore, human γδ T cells reduce collagen levels in lung fibroblasts via two distinct mechanisms; adoptive γδ T cell transfer is potentially a new therapeutic candidate.
Nature governance for collective well-being: reconciling holistic sustainability and human development

PurposeThis article aims to contribute to the literature linking the three pillars of sustainable development with the human development field. To do so, it analyzes how a group of stakeholders that participate in collective action for nature governance in Segre–Rialb, Catalonia, build collective capabilities and reconcile a holistic sustainable development with human development and collective well-being. The analysis is performed using nature governance and the capability approach theories. In particular, the framework providing the lenses to examine the collective action for nature governance is based on Elinor Ostrom's Institutional and Analysis framework and the collective capabilities concept.Design/methodology/approachThe study is based on documental analysis (legal document namely and online resources available in Catalonian website) and a few online interviews since all fieldwork was canceled due to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic.FindingsThe case study reveals that collective action for nature governance has a twofold function: it materializes holistic sustainability and produces capabilities, reconciling sustainable and human development. Therefore, the research proves that people who work together to govern nature can boost a holistic perspective of sustainability and reconcile sustainable and human development.Originality/valueFirst, this work aims to reconcile sustainable and human development fields that have been usually separated in academia, contributing to the research body that has attempted to relate human development and sustainability. This analysis uses a holistic perspective of sustainability, including the social, economic and environmental aspects connecting them to human development; this was not deeply explored before. Finally, the rigorous documental analysis, namely legal texts that allow reaching conclusions, is relevant since all fieldworks were canceled in 2021.
Pathways from economic hardship to couple conflict by socioeconomic status during COVID‐19 in Korea

Abstract Objective The purpose of this study was to examine the direct and indirect relationships among economic hardship, economic strain, emotional stress, and couple conflict for married Koreans during the COVID‐19 pandemic. In particular, we investigated whether these pathways were different between lower and higher socioeconomic status (SES) groups. Background Due to the global economic downturn brought on by COVID‐19, many couples experienced economic hardship including increased household debt, job loss, and reduced work hours. This context provides a valuable opportunity to test the family stress model (FSM) of romantic relationships, which explains the indirect pathways from economic hardship to couple‐level outcomes. Method We collected the data using an online survey in May 2020, when the Seoul metropolitan area experienced the first surge of COVID‐19 cases. The sample came from 605 married Korean adults (282 women, 323 men) and was analyzed using multigroup path analysis. Results Among the three markers of economic hardship, increased household debt had a stronger association with couple conflict for lower SES respondents directly and indirectly through elevated economic strain and emotional distress. The total effects of job loss and reduced work hours on more frequent couple conflict were stronger for the higher SES group. Conclusion The process from the three markers of economic hardship to couple conflict was different depending on socioeconomic resources. Implications Family practitioners need to consider SES variations and to work with financial counselors to better support couples with both economic and relationship difficulties.
Development and Validation of the Academic Persistence Outcome Expectations Scale

Outcome expectations, an integral theoretical component of social cognitive career theory, remains almost completely unexamined in the domain of academic persistence, or the decision a student makes to remain in college. This study sought to develop a theoretically derived scale to measure outcome expectations. An initial item pool was developed and sent to a sample of college students. A second, confirmatory sample of undergraduate students was collected via an online crowdsourcing platform. Results suggested the presence of a two-factor structure was the most parsimonious solution across both samples. The two factors retained across both samples reflected positive and negative outcome expectations that students perceived about remaining in college for the year. Limitations and implications are discussed.
Fintech market in Iran: an analysis of Fintech ecosystem and business models

ABSTRACT The global economic is restructured by the wave of deepened technological revolutions brought by the worldwide Fintech storm. To overhaul the rapid growth and expansion of the Fintech industry requires solid data about its market structure. This conceptual study attempts to provide the first inclusive analysis of the Iranian Fintech market as a major player in Middle East. Financial services in Iran are experiencing a quick shift and the adoption of electronic payments is growing rapidly. We identified 275 active Fintech companies in Iran. Our findings show that transaction volume of Fintechs in the payment segment is the largest Fintech solution in Iran amounted to approximately 166.8 billion dollars in 2020. Almost 0.9 million Iranians are using bank-independent personal financial management for analysis of their personal finances. Moreover, crowdfunding solution as a new landscape for financing and innovation is a noble experience in Iranian Fintech market that is growing slowly. The Fintech industry in Iran has great potential and strong infrastructure; however, comparing with the major hubs in the region, such as Abu Dhabi and Dubai, the Iranian Fintech industry requires more immersion.
PENGARUH PROFITABILITAS, COLLATERALIZABLE ASSETS, INVESTMENT OPPORTUNITY SET, DAN LAGGED DIVIDEND TERHADAP KEBIJAKAN DIVIDEN

This study aims to determine the effect of profitability, collateralizable assets, investment opportunity set, and lagged dividend on dividend policy. The sample companies were selected using the purposive sampling technique. After selecting the sample, a sample of 35 samples from 7 companies was obtained multiplied by a 5 year period. The analysis in this study uses normality test, classical assumption test, hypothesis test, coefficient of determination and multiple linear regression analysis. Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that: 1) profitability, collateralizable assets, investment opportunity set, and lagged dividend all have the same effect on dividend policy, with an adjusted R square value of 62.3%; 2) profitability has no effect on dividend policy; 3) assets that can be pledged as collateral have no effect on dividend policy; 4) investment opportunity set has no effect on dividend policy; and 5) lagged dividend has a positive effect on dividend policy.
Drainage reorganization induces deviations in the scaling between valley width and drainage area

Abstract. The width of valleys and channels affects the hydrology, ecology, and geomorphic functionality of drainage networks. In many studies, the width of valleys and/or channels (W) is estimated as a power-law function of the drainage area (A), W=kcAd. However, in fluvial systems that experience drainage reorganization, abrupt changes in drainage area distribution can result in valley or channel widths that are disproportional to their drainage areas. Such disproportionality may be more distinguished in valleys than in channels due to a longer adjustment timescale for valleys. Therefore, the valley width–area scaling in reorganized drainages is expected to deviate from that of drainages that did not experience reorganization. To explore the effect of reorganization on valley width–drainage area scaling, we studied 12 valley sections in the Negev desert, Israel, categorized into undisturbed, beheaded, and reversed valleys. We found that the values of the drainage area exponents, d, are lower in the beheaded valleys relative to undisturbed valleys but remain positive. Reversed valleys, in contrast, are characterized by negative d exponents, indicating valley narrowing with increasing drainage area. In the reversed category, we also explored the independent effect of channel slope (S) through the equation W=kbAbSc, which yielded negative and overall similar values for b and c. A detailed study in one reversed valley section shows that the valley narrows downstream, whereas the channel widens, suggesting that, as hypothesized, the channel width adjusts faster to post-reorganization drainage area distribution. The adjusted narrow channel dictates the width of formative flows in the reversed valley, which contrasts with the meaningfully wider formative flows of the beheaded valley across the divide. This difference results in a step change in the unit stream power between the reversed and beheaded channels, potentially leading to a “width feedback” that promotes ongoing divide migration and reorganization. Our findings demonstrate that valley width–area scaling is a potential tool for identifying landscapes influenced by drainage reorganization. Accounting for reorganization-specific scaling can improve estimations of erosion rate distributions in reorganized landscapes.
Understanding seasonal and diurnal variations of inter-city tourism destination network

ABSTRACT This study characterizes a destination network based on travel flow. Although the tourism literature has mostly discussed the static configurations of network structures, this study presents a dynamic destination network considering four seasons and daily periods. Given the advancement of connected technology, mobile sensor big data collected from international travelers visiting Korea were analyzed to explore movement behaviors across 250 cities in the country. Results demonstrate the dynamics of complex network systems in tourism destinations over time, such as seasons and diurnal variations. Its findings are crucial for developing vibrant destination management and contextual marketing.
Experimental Infection of Embryonic Cells and Embryonated Eggs of Cockatiels (Nymphicus hollandicus) with Two Parrot Bornavirus Isolates (PaBV-4 and PaBV-2)

Parrot bornavirus (PaBV) might be transmitted vertically. Cockatiel embryonic brain cells and embryonated eggs of cockatiels (ECE) were infected with PaBV-2 and PaBV-4. In embryonic brain cells, PaBV-2 and PaBV-4 showed no differences in viral spread despite the slower growth of PaBV-2 compared with PaBV-4 in CEC-32 cells. ECE were inoculated with PaBV-4 and 13–14 dpi, organs were sampled for RT-PCR, immunohistochemistry/histology, and virus isolation. In 28.1% of the embryos PaBV-4-RNA and in 81.3% PaBV-4-antigen was detected in the brain. Virus isolation failed. Division of organ samples and uneven tissue distribution of the virus limited the results. Therefore, 25 ECE were inoculated with PaBV-4 (group 1) and 15 ECE with PaBV-2 (group 3) in the yolk sac, and 25 ECE were inoculated with PaBV-4 (group 2) and 15 eggs with PaBV-2 (group 4) in the chorioallantoic membrane to use the complete organs from each embryo for each examination method. PaBV-RNA was detected in the brain of 80% of the embryos in groups 1, 2, 3 and in 100% of the embryos in group 4. In 90% of the infected embryos of group 1, and 100% of group 2, 3 and 4, PaBV antigen was detected in the brain. PaBV antigen–positive brain cells were negative for anti-neuronal nuclear protein, anti-glial fibrillary acidic protein, and anti S-100 staining. Virus was not re-isolated. These results demonstrated a specific distribution pattern and spread of PaBV-4 and PaBV-2 in the brain when inoculated in ECE. These findings support a potential for vertical transmission.
Phylogeny problems of the genus Vaccinium L. and ways to solve them

The genus Vaccinium includes almost 500 species, among which there are economically important species of cranberries V. macrocarpon Ait. and V. oxycoccos L. , lingonberries V. vitis-idaea L. , bilberries V. myrtillus L. and blueberries V. uliginosum L. , V. angustifolium Ait. , V. corymbosum L. , V. virgatum Ait. Despite the fact that many of these species were actively used by humans in medicine and food, their active selection began in the 20th century, in connection with which a classification of the genus according to morphological characters was developed. Many of these data remain relevant to the present day. The development of the ideas of molecular phylogeny prompted a revision of the old classification, identifying a number of difficulties that do not allow one to unambiguously determine phylogenetic relationships within the genus. Today, the genus includes 33 sections, while the species composition of the sections and the evolutionary relationships between them remain controversial. This review discusses various approaches to the study of the structure of the genus Vaccinium: from classical to phylogenomic, the main results of using these approaches and their prospects.
The difficulties of field training from the point of view of students at Al-Balqa Applied University under the Corona pandemic

This study aimed to uncover the difficulties that special education students face in field training at Al-Balqa Applied University during the Corona pandemic. The study investigated whether these difficulties were affected by gender (males-females). To achieve the objectives of the study, the researcher designed survey consisting of (36) items. The sample of the study consisted of (30) male and female students enrolled in the field training course in the first semester of the academic year 2020/22021. The results showed that field training difficulties associated with the sucscale of the students and supervisiors were high. However, the difficulties related to the training center were medium. The study also showed no statistically significant differences in the difficulties between students due to the gender variable.
Complex Two-Graphs via Equiangular Tight Frames

In ‘A survey of two-graphs’ [24], J.J. Seidel lays out the con nections between simple graphs, two-graphs, equiangular lines and strongly regular graph. It is well known that there is a one-to-one correspondence between regular two-graphs and equiangular tight frames. This article gives a generali zation of two-graphs for which these connections can be mimicked using roots of unity beyond ±1.
The Impact of the Patras Carnival on the Course of the COVID-19 Pandemic and the Outbreak of Influenza A: A Multicenter Cross-Sectional Study

Background: We investigated the impact of the indoor mass gathering of young people during the Patras Carnival in Greece on the course of the COVID-19 pandemic and the influenza A epidemic. Materials and Methods: For influenza A, we tested 331 subjects with high fever (>38 °C), who arrived at five separate private laboratories over a two-week period after the carnival, via rapid test. One hundred and eighty-eight of them were young adults (17–35 years old), all unvaccinated against influenza A but all immunized against SARS-CoV-2, either through vaccination or previous infection. For the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, we tested 2062 subjects at two time periods, two weeks before and two weeks after the carnival, also via rapid test. Additionally, we examined 42 samples positive for influenza A and 51 samples positive for SARS-CoV-2 for the possibility of co-infection via molecular testing (i.e., RT-PCR). Results: 177/331 (53.5%) subjects tested positive for influenza A, and 109/177 (61.6%) of the positive subjects were young adults, and 93/109 (85.3%) of these subjects were tested in the first week after the carnival. Additionally, 42 samples of those subjects were molecularly tested, and 5 were found negative for influenza A but positive for SARS-CoV-2. Regarding the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, the increase in the positivity index for young adults between the pre-carnival and post-carnival periods was moderate. Conclusions: Our study indicates that the indoor mass gathering of young people during the carnival contributed to the outbreak of an influenza A epidemic and had a moderate but not statistically significant impact on the course of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, corroborating the crucial role of vaccination against the epidemic’s waves. It also showed the need for the use of high-quality rapid tests for their management.
Determination of Climate Change Adaptation Behavior of Wheat Producing Farmers; the Case of Çorum Province in Turkiye

: Global climate change is a threat to Turkiye, especially in the agricultural sector. In recent years, the impact of climate change has been felt seriously in Çorum Province. The present study was carried out after it was observed that the average temperature in Çorum province, which was 10.8 °C in 1929-2019 period, rose up to 13.15 °C in 2020. The aim of the present study was to determine the factors that affect the climate change adaptation behavior of the farmers in Çorum, where 37% of the land is devoted to wheat production. A survey was conducted with 385 farmers in January and February, 2021. It was revealed that personal experience had a positive effect of 54% on adaptation behavior, 50% on risk perception and 81% on climate change beliefs. In addition, although belief in climate change had a 45% positive effect on risk perception, risk perception and beliefs had no significant effect on the adaptation behavior. As a result, raising the awareness of farmers about adaptation using agricultural extension services and personal experience teaching method before incurring economic loss is critical to reduce climate risks and to better adapt to climate change.
Factores determinantes de una opción pública de venta ( OPV ) : el caso

The main objective of this study is to indicate the influence of local macroeconomic factors, consequently GDP growth rates, the reference interest rate, industrial production growth rates, Warsaw Stock Exchange Index (WIG) returns and the volume of private equity investments, on the number of initial public offerings (IPOs) in an emerging market, Poland, over the period of 2004 to 2012. Our sample includes 218 local enterprises that conducted an IPO on the Main Market of the Warsaw Stock Exchange. Financial and privatized companies are excluded from the data processing. As follows from the previous studies, the situation in the year preceding the companys initial public offering is crucial. Therefore, we used a model with one-year delay for all the explanatory variables in relation to the dependent variable (i.e. number of new listing). The model estimation was performed with the Ordinary Least Squares method. The main conclusion of our model is that the GDP growth has a significant impact on the number of new issues. This result implies that the business cycle has a direct impact on the IPO activity in the Polish capital market. The next conclusion is that the attractiveness of a capital market for investors measured by annual index returns appears to be an important factor for going public activities. Surprisingly, the model could confirm that other macroeconomic and capital market factors have had no explanatory power for IPO numbers in Poland between 2004 and 2012.