Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Burst photography for high dynamic range and low-light imaging on mobile cameras Supplemental Material

At the finest scale of our coarse-to-fine alignment strategy, we require an alignment technique which performs well given large tile sizes but a very small search radius. In this context, techniques such as our previously-described fast subpixel L2 alignment, or even simpler techniques such as phase correlation [Kuglin and Hines 1975] are outperformed by a well-implemented brute-force procedure which minimizes absolute residuals. We use absolute residuals instead of squared residuals because they map well to low level computer architectures. In contrast with squared residuals, absolute residuals require fewer bits for the same input data, enabling higher throughput. On ARM architectures, there is in fact an operation which computes an absolute difference and then accumulates, making brute-force computation of L1 distances very computationally light. This approach scales quadratically with the search radius, making it most appealing in contexts where the search radius is small.
on mobile

At the finest scale of our coarse-to-fine alignment strategy, we require an alignment technique which performs well given large tile sizes but a very small search radius. In this context, techniques such as our previously-described fast subpixel L2 alignment, or even simpler techniques such as phase correlation [Kuglin and Hines 1975] are outperformed by a well-implemented brute-force procedure which minimizes absolute residuals. We use absolute residuals instead of squared residuals because they map well to low level computer architectures. In contrast with squared residuals, absolute residuals require fewer bits for the same input data, enabling higher throughput. On ARM architectures, there is in fact an operation which computes an absolute difference and then accumulates, making brute-force computation of L1 distances very computationally light. This approach scales quadratically with the search radius, making it most appealing in contexts where the search radius is small.
Projected changes in temperature and precipitation extremes over the Silk Road Economic Belt regions by the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 multi‐model ensembles

The Silk Road Economic Belt and 21st‐century Maritime Silk Road is a development initiative proposed by the Chinese government. However, the Belt and Road regions involve a large population, and regional economic development is sensitive to climate change, particularly climate extreme events. Hence, it is of vital relevance to pay more attention to the climate extreme change over this region. In this study, changes in the temperature‐ and precipitation‐related extremes over the Belt and Road regions are evaluated during the middle and the end of this century using Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5) simulations. Results present obvious changes in extreme temperature and precipitation indices under both RCP4.5 (representative concentration pathways) and RCP8.5 scenarios against the current climate state (1986–2005). Changes generally present relatively larger magnitudes under RCP8.5 than RCP4.5. Projected multi‐model ensemble results show a significant increase in warm events over Moscow and Nairobi. Additionally, cold events will decrease over central Europe, Moscow and central Asia, along with longer growing season length over these regions. The annual mean precipitation is reported to significantly increase over the region of Nairobi and the flooding events will be exacerbated across the Belt regions under a future warmer world, particularly over Moscow, Southeast Asia and Nairobi. Meanwhile, the region of West Asia will be likely to experience more drought and flooding events with the warming. However, we should also note that the inter‐model uncertainty of these results is reported to increase with time and a relatively large model spread can be seen in precipitation‐related indices when comparing with the temperature.
Palaeoenvironmental Interpretation of Late Quaternary Marine Molluscan Assemblages, Canadian Arctic Archipelago

This study examines neonto- logical and palaeontological data pertaining to arctic marine molluscs with the goal of reconstructing the palaeoecology of Late Quaternary ca. 12-1 ka BP glaciomarine environments in the Canadian Arctic Archipelago. A total of 26 taxa that represent 15 bivalves and 11 gastropods were recorded in shell collections recovered from Prince of Wales, Somerset, Devon, Axel Heiberg and Ellesmere islands. In spite of taphonomic bias, the observed fossil faunas bear strong similarities to modern benthic molluscan faunas inhabiting high latitude continental shelf environments, reflecting the high preservation potential of molluscan taxa in Quaternary marine sediments. The dominance of an arctic-boreal fauna represented by Hiatella arctica, Mya truncata and Astarte borealis is the product of natural ecological conditions in high arctic glaciomarine environments. Environmental factors controlling the distribution and species composition of the Late Quaternary molluscan assemblages from this region are discussed.
Impact of forest-elevated turbulence levels on wind farm performance

This experimental work details the impact of forest-elevated turbulence levels on wind farm performance. In this regard, at two utility-scale wind farms, one in flat forested terrain and the second in flat unforested terrain, measurements of the wind flow field are made and the power performance of the wind turbines are assessed. A mobile scanning LiDAR system is used to make measurements of the wind speed and turbulence intensity both in the freestream and downstream of a forest. Turbulence intensities up to 26% are measured immediately downstream of the forest at hub height, whereas in the freestream the turbulence intensity does not exceed 15%. While the turbulence levels decay as the wind flow evolves downstream, even at a downstream distance of 20 times the forest height, the turbulence intensities are above the freestream turbulence intensities. On the other hand the deficit in wind speed that is measured immediately downstream of the forest is negligible at a downstream distance of 15 times the forest height. A comparison of the power performance of wind turbine without and with a forested fetch is made. It is shown that with a forested fetch there is a 30% loss in performance due to the forest-affected wind flow. An assessment of the power production of the individual wind turbines in the two wind farms is made to assess the impact of forest-elevated turbulence levels on wake losses. It is seen that the wake losses are lower in forested terrain compared to unforested terrain. Nomenclature a11, a22, a33 D Hforest u′, v′, w′
Low Bit-Rate Image Coding Using Adaptive Geometric Piecewise Polynomial Approximation

We present a new image coding algorithm, the geometric piecewise polynomials (GPP) method, that draws on recent developments in the theory of adaptive multivariate piecewise polynomials approximation. The algorithm relies on a segmentation stage whose goal is to minimize a functional that is conceptually similar to the Mumford-Shah functional except that it measures the smoothness of the segmentation instead of the length. The initial segmentation is ldquoprunedrdquo and the remaining curve portions are lossy encoded. The image is then further partitioned and approximated by low order polynomials on the subdomains. We show examples where our algorithm outperforms state-of-the-art wavelet coding in the low bit-rate range. The GPP algorithm significantly outperforms wavelet based coding methods on graphic and cartoon images. Also, at the bit rate 0.05 bits per pixel, the GPP algorithm achieves on the test image Cameraman, which has a geometric structure, a PSNR of 21.5 dB, while the JPEG2000 Kakadu software obtains PSNR of 20 dB. For the test image Lena, the GPP algorithm obtains the same PSNR as JPEG2000, but with better visual quality at 0.03 bpp.
A comparative analysis of human skeletal remains from Parowan Fremont, Virgin Anasazi, and Kayenta Anasazi archaeological sites

Human skeletal remains from three prehistoric cultural traditions, the Parowan Fremont, the Virgin Anasazi, and the Kayenta Anasazi are examined. The objective of this study is to determine the extent of differences in the skeletal remains and burial practices of the 125 individuals studied. Statistical comparisons of stature, robusticity, and cranial measurements show no significant differences in skeletal metric traits. The small size of the skeletal series precluded the use of statistical methods in the comparison of nonmetric traits, however, preliminary results show that Virgin Anasazi cranial nonmetric traits are more similar to an Anasazi series studied by Birkby (1973) than to the Parowan Fremont series. While most individuals in the three series were healthy, the prevalence of periostitis, osteitis, and linear enamel hypoplasia was found to be highest among Virgin Anasazi individuals. Two other pathological conditions frequently identified in prehistoric skeletal series, porotic hyperostosis and cribra orbitalia, were most common among the Kayenta individuals and the least prevalent among Parowan Fremont individuals. These findings are in agreement with current settlement and subsistence reconstructions. The mortuary practices of the three cultures were also compared. A summary of burial practices described in the literature plus new data evaluated in this study, found a good deal of variability in the burial record. Unique mortuary practices such as red pigmentation on Parowan Fremont skeletons, roofed graves at the Coombs Site (Kayenta Anasazi), and the inclusion of shell ornaments in Virgin Anasazi burials were recognized. At this time it is not evident that the burial practices of the Coombs Site people were more like the Virgin Anasazi practices than the Parowan Fremont practices.
Land cover controls on depression‐focused recharge on the Oak Ridges Moraine, southern Ontario, Canada

The Oak Ridges Moraine (ORM) is a key hydrogeologic feature in southern Ontario. Previous research has emphasized the importance of depression‐focused recharge (DFR) for the timing and location of water recharge to the ORM's aquifers. However, the significance of DFR has not been empirically demonstrated, and the ORM's permeable surficial deposits imply that rainfall and snowmelt will largely recharge vertically rather than move laterally to topographic depressions. The exception may be during winter and spring, when concrete soil frost limits infiltration and encourages overland flow. The potential for DFR was examined for closed depressions under forest and agricultural land covers with similar soils and surficial geology. Air temperatures, precipitation, snow depth and water equivalent, soil water contents, soil freezing, and depression surface‐water levels were monitored during the winter and spring of 2012–2013 and 2013–2014. Recharge (R) was estimated at the crest and base of each depression using a 1‐dimensional water balance approach and surface‐applied Br− tracing. Both forest and agricultural land covers experienced soil freezing; however, forest soils did not develop concrete frost. Conversely, agricultural fields saw concrete frost, overland flow, episodic ponding, and subsequent drainage of rain‐on‐snow and snowmelt inputs in open depressions. Recharge at the base of open depressions exceeded that in surrounding areas by an order of magnitude, suggesting that DFR is a significant hydrologic process during winter and spring under agricultural land cover on the ORM. Closed topographic depressions under agricultural land cover on the ORM crest may serve as critical recharge “hot spots” during winter and spring, and the ability of the unsaturated zone beneath these depressions to modify the chemistry of recharging water deserves further attention.
The Last Scottish Ice Sheet

ABSTRACT The last Scottish Ice Sheet (SIS) expanded from a pre-existing ice cap after ∼35 ka. Highland ice dominated, with subsequent build-up of a Southern Uplands ice mass. The Outer Hebrides, Skye, Mull, the Cairngorms and Shetland supported persistent independent ice centres. Expansion was accompanied by ice-divide migration and switching flow directions. Ice nourished in Scotland reached the Atlantic Shelf break in some sectors but only mid-shelf in others, was confluent with the Fennoscandian Ice Sheet (FIS) in the North Sea Basin, extended into northern England, and fed the Irish Sea Ice Stream and a lobe that reached East Anglia. The timing of maximum extent was diachronous, from ∼30–27 ka on the Atlantic Shelf to ∼22–21 ka in Yorkshire. The SIS buried all mountains, but experienced periods of thickening alternating with drawdown driven by ice streams such as the Minch, the Hebrides and the Moray Firth Ice Streams. Submarine moraine banks indicate oscillating retreat and progressive decoupling of Highland ice from Orkney–Shetland ice. The pattern and timing of separation of the SIS and FIS in the North Sea Basin remain uncertain. Available evidence suggests that by ∼17 ka, much of the Sea of the Hebrides, the Outer Hebrides, Caithness and the coasts of E Scotland were deglaciated. By ∼16 ka, the Solway lowlands, Orkney and Shetland were deglaciated, the SIS and Irish Ice Sheet had separated, the ice margin lay along the western seaboard, nunataks had emerged in Wester Ross, the ice margin lay N of the Cairngorms and the sea had invaded the Tay and Forth estuaries. By ∼15 ka, most of the Southern Uplands, the Firth of Clyde, the Midland Valley and the upper Spey valley were deglaciated, and in NW Scotland ice was retreating from fjords and valleys. By the onset of rapid warming at ∼14.7 ka, much of the remnant SIS was confined within the limits of Younger Dryas glaciation. The SIS, therefore, lost most of its mass during the Dimlington Stade. It is uncertain whether fragments of the SIS persisted on high ground throughout the Lateglacial Interstade.
ANALISIS SPASIAL PENYAKIT KECACINGAN SOIL TRANSMITTED HELMINTH DENGAN KARAKTERISTIK TANAH MELALUI PENDEKATAN GEOMORFOLOGI DI KABUPATEN BANTUL

Penyakit kecacingan Soil Transmitted Helminth (STH) merupakan penyakit tersembunyi di negara tropis, salah satunya Indonesia. Pada tahun 2014, prevalensi penyakit ini masih cukup tinggi di beberapa daerah seperti di Kabupaten Bantul ditemukan 358 kasus. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk 1) mengetahui jenis dan karakteristik tanah dengan pendekatan geomorfologi, 2) menganalisis kesesuaian tanah untuk hidup cacing STH, dan 3) menganalisis secara spasial antara penyakit kecacingan STH dengan tanah. Metode analisis untuk identifikasi tanah dan kesesuaiannya menggunakan metode analisis aritmatic matching, sedangkan untuk mengetahui hubungan persebaran penyakit kecacingan STH menggunakan metode analisis autocorrelation Moran’s I. Hasil yang didapatkan, dari ketujuh jenis tanah hasil identifikasi yaitu regosol, aluvial, latosol, kambisol, grumusol, mediteran, dan rendzina, sebesar 94,5% mempunyai kesesuaian untuk hidup cacing STH. Analisis spasial penyakit kecacingan STH dengan karakteristik tanah menunjukkan adanya korelasi, namun persebaran penyakit tersebut tidak saling berhubungan. Hal tersebut ditunjukkan dengan nilai indeks Moran sebesar -0,084 dengan pola spasial yang random.
Lie Detection by Replacing the Arterial Photoplethysmograph Signal in Poly graphy & Using Linear Discriminate Analysis in MATLAB Software

The role of forensic odontology has increased in recent years. Age estimation of living or deceased individuals is an important aspect of this science . Dental age estimation methods are of particular value because teeth are highly resistant to mechanical, chemical, or physical impacts and time. So the aim of this study was to investigate the possible estimation of age by using dental age through some dental measurements using cone beam computerized tomography (CBCT). The study was done on forty eight cases (24 males and 24 females). Multiple measurements were done on the right upper central incisor, right upper lateral incisors, right upper canine and right first premolar teeth and their pulp at different levels (maximum width of the crown, cervical area, mid-root and apex) by many views: sagittal (bucco-lingual dimension), coronal (mesiodistal dimension), and axial (bucco- lingual and mesiodistal dimensions). In addition the tooth and the pulp areas were measured . The study proved that the most accurate model for determination of age in upper first premolar tooth was measurement of pulp length + pulp width at the crown+ pulp width mid level of the pulp where R was 97%. Followed by upper central incisor pulp width at mid-level of the pulp in Bucco-lingual view with R 96%. While measurement of tooth length for upper canine at Bucco-lingual view was the least accurate method for this tooth with R 90%. So the study concluded that using CBCT is useful in detection of age by obtaining linear teeth measurements. In addition, the use of the upper first premolar tooth measurements followed by upper central incisor followed by upper canine are useful in estimating the chronologic age of any person.
An experiment to assess the cost-benefits of code inspections in large scale software development

We conducted a long-term experiment to compare the costs and benefits of several different software inspection methods. These methods were applied by professional developers to a commercial software product they were creating. Because the laboratory for this experiment was a live development effort, we took special care to minimize cost and risk to the project, while maximizing our ability to gather useful data. This article has several goals: 1) to describe the experiment's design and show how we used simulation techniques to optimize it, 2) to present our results and discuss their implications for both software practitioners and researchers, and 3) to discuss several new questions raised by our findings. For each inspection, we randomly assigned three independent variables: 1) the number of reviewers on each inspection team (1, 2, or 4), 2) the number of teams inspecting the code unit (1 or 2), and 3) the requirement that defects be repaired between the first and second team's inspections. The reviewers for each inspection were randomly selected without replacement from a pool of 11 experienced software developers. The dependent variables for each inspection included inspection interval (elapsed time), total effort, and the defect detection rate. Our results showed that these treatments did not significantly influence the defect detection effectiveness, but that certain combinations of changes dramatically increased the inspection interval.
Evolution of Large Object-oriented Software Systems using an ETGM Algorithm

Studying Software Evolution of Large Object-oriented Software Systems using an ETGM Algorithm Segla Kpodjedo*, Filippo Ricca, Philippe Galinier, Giuliano Antoniol, and Yann-Gael Guéhéneuc This paper presents a graph matching approach for the study of Object Oriented software systems’ evolution. Class diagrams of different releases are modelled as directed graphs and matched using an ErrorTolerant Graph Matching (ETGM) algorithm. classes and thus likely constitute the backbone of the system. An extensive empirical evaluation of our algorithm using small (Rhino), medium (Azureus and ArgoUML), and large systems (Mozilla and Eclipse) show that our algorithm is fast, scalable and stable.
Influence of Aging on Surface Free Energy of Asphalt Binder

Surface free energy of asphalt binder is related to the work of cohesion within the binder and the work of adhesion between binder and aggregate. The sessile drop method was used in this study to measure the contact angle between asphalt binders and three probe liquids. From these measurements, the surface free energies of the asphalt binder were determined using the Owens-Wendt method. The rolling thin film oven test (RTFOT) and pressure aging vessel (PAV) test were carried out to age asphalt binders, through which the influence of aging on the surface free energy was investigated. Results indicated that both RTFOT and PAV aging processes can reduce the surface free energy for most asphalt binders, which means the asphalt binder has the tendency to crack due to RTFOT and PAV aging.
CIBERACOSO ("CYBERBULLYING") EN EL PAÍS VASCO: DIFERENCIAS DE SEXO EN VÍCTIMAS, AGRESORES Y OBSERVADORES

The study aimed to analyze sex differences in cyberbullying, with a sample of 3,026 participants from the Basque Country (Spain), aged from 12 to 18 years, 51.5% female and 48.5% male. The Cyberbullying Test was administered (Garaigordobil, 2013) to assess the frequency with which 15 behaviors had been received, performed and observed during the past year, and obtaining four psychometric indicators: victimization, perpetration, observation, and aggressive victimization. It was found a significantly higher percentage of female victims
Supplementary Material for “Fine-grained Generalisation Analysis of Inductive Matrix Completion”

The proof of the result in [2] relies on this Lemma, which applies to random matrices with i.i. d. entries and an elegant decomposition of the entries into two groups: (1) entries that have been sampled many times, and (2) entries that have not been sampled too often. On group 1, the partial sums of the Rademacher variables concentrate trivially (as the function is constant there), whilst on group 2, the entries are well spread out and Lemma A.1 limits the spectral norm similarly to the uniform case. The idea of the proof is to carefully tune those two contributions by adjusting the threshold involved in the split.
Bridging the Digital Divide - The Roles of Internet Self-Efficacy towards Learning Computer and the Internet among Elderly in Hong Kong, China

Experts in areas such as Public Policy, Communications, Business Management, and Economics have addressed the phenomenon of the digital divide since the 1990s. Based on previous validated studies, the researchers offered a new theoretical model in examining the influences of the two mediating factors - Internet self-efficacy and outcome expectations - on the elderly's intentions in adopting a new technology (i.e. the Internet), and their perceptions of their knowledge in utilizing this technology. The elderly are categorized as one of the technologically and sociologically disadvantaged groups within the context of the digital divide. Two studies (repeated measures) were conducted and a set of conclusions was reached. In general, the findings validated the impacts and antecedents of Internet self-efficacy and outcome expectations on usage intention and perceived user competence. Limitations and implications are provided following the sections on research framework, model and hypotheses, and discussion on findings.
Using Machine Learning to Understand and Influence Human Categorization Behavior

xi 1 Classification As Model of Human Categorization . 1 1.1 Review of Classification in Machine Learning and Cognitive Psychology . 2 1.2 Semi-Supervised Learning Assumptions . 5 1.3 Translating Between ML and CP . 6 2 Semi-Supervised Models of Human Categorization Behavior . 9 2.1 Exemplar Model as Kernel Density Estimation . 9 2.2 Prototype Model as Mixture of Gaussians . 12 2.3 Rational Model as Dirichlet Process Mixture Model . 16 3 Semi-Supervised Effects Due to Distribution of Unlabeled Data: Previous Evidence . 22 3.1 Experiment 1: SSL Distribution Effects . 22 3.2 Experiment 2: Social Categories . 25 4 Semi-Supervised Effects Due to Order of Unlabeled Data 29 4.1 Human Experiment . 30 4.2 Model Comparison . 32 5 What Parameters Are Affected in Semi-Supervised Effects? 37