Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Accuracy Heart Dosimetric Study of Left-breast Cancer Radio-therapy using Deformable Image Registration

The radiation injury of heart is an obviously risk in left-breast cancer radiotherapy. In this study, the uncertainty of intra-fraction and inter-fraction for heart dose was investigated using the 4DCT, CBCT and deformable image registration (DIR) to understand the exact dose. The secondary objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of DIR uncertainty on dose accumulation. 4DCT and CBCT images were scanned for ten left-breast cancer patients before and during 3D-CRT treatment. An anatomically constrained hybrid DIR method and a biomechanical model based DIR method were applied to dose accumulation. Dose scenarios included plan dose (no motion), 4D dose (intra-fraction motion) and accumulated dose (inter-fraction motion). The doses to the heart were assessed. the differences among plan heart dose, 4D heart dose and accumulated dose of the investigated parameters Dmem, Dmax, V10, V20, V30 and V40 were ranged -3.8~7.1%, -0.6~ -0.5%, -1.3~0.8%, -0.8~1.7%, -0.8~1.7% and -0.5~2.2% respectively. The uncertainty between the two DIR methods were ranged -1.3~0.2%) for all the investigated parameters of heart. There was minimal uncertainty of cardiac dose in DIR algorithms, meanwhile the intra-fraction variation was lager, and the inter-fraction variation was the largest uncertainty.
Song activity and variability in relation to male quality and female choice in Whitethroats Sylvia communis

To investigate whether song variability or activity could be used as a cue to male quality in the Whitethroat Sylvia communis and whether the song influenced female choice, songs from 18 males were recorded and analysed, and their perch song and flight song activity were registered. Song repertoire was measured as Rep1000 (the average number of different elements within sequences of 1000 elements), Max1000 (the maximum number of different elements in a 1000 element sequence) and number of elements per repertoire. Old males had larger Rep1000, Max1000 and number of different elements per song than 1-yr-old males. 1-yr-old males had higher perch song and flight song activity than old males. A principal component factor analysis on the song variables showed that (1) males with a large principal component factor score on the first component (PCFS1) typically were old males and (2) the PCFS1 was positively related to male wing length. Rep1000 and Max1000 and a low perch and flight song activity contributed to a positive factor score. Males that mated had larger PCFS1 than males that remained unmated, and there was a significant negative correlation between mating date and PCFS1. The study suggests that song variability potentially could act as a cue to male quality. Females may prefer males with elaborate songs. However, arrival date could account for the mating pattern and it cannot be excluded that other factors, such as territory quality, also could have influenced the observed mating pattern.
Aggregate Architecture Simulation in Event-Sourcing Applications using Layered Queuing Networks

Workload intensity in terms of arrival rate and think-time can be used accurately simulate system performance in traditional systems. Most systems treat individual requests on a standalone basis and resource demands typically do not vary too significantly, which in most cases can be addressed as a parametric dependency. New frameworks such as Command Query Responsibility Segregation and Event Sourcing change the paradigm, where request processing is both parametric dependent and dynamic, as the history of changes that have occurred are replayed to construct the current state of the system. This makes every request unique and difficult to simulate. While traditional systems are studied extensively in the scientific community, the latter is still new and mainly used by practitioners. In this work, we study one such industrial application using Command Query Responsibility Segregation and Event Sourcing frameworks. We propose new workload patterns suited to define the dynamic behavior of these systems, define various architectural patterns possible in such systems based on domain-driven design principles, and create analytical performance models to make predictions. We verify the models by making measurements on an actual application running similar workloads and compare the predictions. Furthermore, we discuss the suitability of the architectural patterns to different usage scenarios and propose changes to architecture in each case to improve performance.
High Genetic Heterogeneity in Chum Salmon in Western Alaska, the Contact Zone between Northern and Southern Lineages

Abstract Genetic relationships among 64 spawning populations of chum salmon Oncorhynchus keta in western Alaska were studied using allele frequency data from 40 protein-encoding loci. Two major lineages of chum salmon inhabiting Alaska were detected using clustering and multidimensional scaling analyses of Cavalli-Sforza and Edwards' chord distances. Populations of the northwest Alaska lineage occur in the largely unglaciated areas of Alaska north of the Alaska Peninsula (Beringia, the Beringian Refugium), and the Alaska Peninsula–Gulf of Alaska lineage occurs in the glaciated and unglaciated areas of the Alaska Peninsula, Kodiak Island, and southcentral Alaska. The two lineages come into contact in the 150-km area separating Herendeen Bay and Port Heiden on the northern Alaska Peninsula; this area may represent a major zoogeographic contact zone. Genetic data also suggest the lineages come in contact in upper Cook Inlet; the population representing the Susitna River drainage, which drains into Cook Inlet.
Haematology, plasma biochemistry and whole blood minerals of the captive adult african grasscutter ( thryonomys swinderianus , temminck)

Haematological, plasma biochemical and whole blood electrolytes profiles were determined in normal live-captured and rehabilitated adult African grasscutter (Thryonomys swinderianus, Temminck). Data obtained did not show statistical evidence of sexual dimorphism in haematological, plasma and whole blood biochemical parameters of the cane rats, excepting plasma alanine transaminase (ALT) values which were very significantly higher (P (Tropical Veterinarian: 2002 20(1): 27-35)
Reframing Disability as Competency: Unpacking Everyday Technology Practices of People with Visual Impairments

More than a billion people in the world live with some form of visual impairment, and a wide variety of technologies are now routinely used by them in the course of 'getting on' in everyday life. However, little is known about the ways in which assistive and non-assistive technologies are brought to bear on material practices. We present findings from a four-month ethnographic study facilitated by a local branch of a UK charity that supports people with visual impairments. Our study explores mainstream and assistive technology use within their everyday lives. We identify three main sites for technology use: social relations and communication practices, textual reading practices, and mobility practices. Via an ethnographic approach we contribute to understanding how people accomplish such practices, and in doing so, uncover the practical competencies that enable people with visual impairments to conduct their everyday activities. Thus we investigate how disability can be thought of in terms of competencies, arguing that understanding of competencies can enrich the design of technologies that fit the needs of people with visual impairments.
UI Dark Patterns and Where to Find Them: A Study on Mobile Applications and User Perception

A Dark Pattern (DP) is an interface maliciously crafted to deceive users into performing actions they did not mean to do. In this work, we analyze Dark Patterns in 240 popular mobile apps and conduct an online experiment with 589 users on how they perceive Dark Patterns in such apps. The results of the analysis show that 95% of the analyzed apps contain one or more forms of Dark Patterns and, on average, popular applications include at least seven different types of deceiving interfaces. The online experiment shows that most users do not recognize Dark Patterns, but can perform better in recognizing malicious designs if informed on the issue. We discuss the impact of our work and what measures could be applied to alleviate the issue.
Predator Assemblage Structure and Temporal Variability of Species Richness and Abundance in Forests of High Tree Diversity

Predators significantly affect ecosystem functions, but our understanding of to what extent findings can be transferred from experiments and low‐diversity systems to highly diverse, natural ecosystems is limited. With a particular threat of biodiversity loss at higher trophic levels, however, knowledge of spatial and temporal patterns in predator assemblages and their interrelations with lower trophic levels is essential for assessing effects of trophic interactions and advancing biodiversity conservation in these ecosystems. We analyzed spatial and temporal variability of spider assemblages in tree species‐rich subtropical forests in China, across 27 study plots varying in woody plant diversity and stand age. Despite effects of woody plant richness on spider assemblage structure, neither habitat specificity nor temporal variability of spider richness and abundance were influenced. Rather, variability increased with forest age, probably related to successional changes in spider assemblages. Our results indicate that woody plant richness and theory predicting increasing predator diversity with increasing plant diversity do not necessarily play a major role for spatial and temporal dynamics of predator assemblages in such plant species‐rich forests. Diversity effects on biotic or abiotic habitat conditions might be less pronounced across our gradient from medium to high plant diversity than in previously studied less diverse systems, and bottom‐up effects might level out at high plant diversity. Instead, our study highlights the importance of overall (diversity‐independent) environmental heterogeneity in shaping spider assemblages and, as indicated by a high species turnover between plots, as a crucial factor for biodiversity conservation at a regional scale in these subtropical forests.
See No Evil, Hear No Evil, Speak No Evil: How Collegiate Players Define, Experience and Cope with Toxicity

Toxicity in online environments is a complex and a systemic issue. Collegiate esports communities seem to be particularly vulnerable to toxic behaviors. In esports games, negative behavior, such as harassment, can create barriers to players achieving high performance and can reduce enjoyment which may cause them to leave the game. The aim of this study is to investigate how players define, experience and deal with toxicity in esports games that they play. Our findings from an interview study and five monthly follow ups with 19 participants from a university esports club show that players define toxicity as behaviors disrupt their morale and team dynamics, and are inclined to normalize negative behaviors, rationalize it as part of the competitive game culture akin to traditional sports, and participate a form of gamer classism, believing that toxicity is more common in lower level play than in professional and collegiate esports. There are many coping mechanisms employed by collegiate esports players, including ignoring offenders, deescalating tense encounters, and using tools to mute offenders. Understanding the motivations behind collegiate esports players' engagement with toxicity may help the growing sport plot a positive trajectory towards healthy play.
Avaliação da influência de amido e carragena nas características físico-químicas e sensoriais de presunto cozido de peru

The use of carrageenan in ham is facultative, but the addition of starch is not allowed by the Brazilian legislation in this kind of product. In this work, a 22 experimental design was used, with duplicates of the central point, considering starch (0 to 2%) and carrageenan levels (0 to 1%) in the production of turkey ham. In both cases, starch and carrageenan showed negative effects on the purge loss and on the reheating loss, indicating that the presence of the hydrocolloids favored the retention of water in the product. However, there were no significant differences in pH, chemical composition, shear values and in the sensory evaluation. A synergistic effect between the polysaccharides was noted. Samples made with 1% carrageenan presented the formation of a gelatinous exudate, but the samples that had 1% carrageenan and 2% starch, did not exhibit this effect. The inclusion of starch to the turkey ham with added carrageenan reduced this undesirable effect. The utilization of starch in ham improved some physicochemical characteristics, reduced defects and there were no sensory differences when the turkey ham with added starch was compared to the Brazilian standard without starch.
Why do people watch others eat food? An Empirical Study on the Motivations and Practices of Mukbang Viewers

We present a mixed-methods study of viewers on their practices and motivations around watching mukbang  video streams of people eating large quantities of food. Viewers' experiences provide insight on future technologies for multisensorial video streams and technology-supported commensality (eating with others). We surveyed 104 viewers and interviewed 15 of them about their attitudes and reflections on their mukbang viewing habits, their physiological aspects of watching someone eat, and their perceived social relationship with mukbangers. Based on our findings, we propose design implications for remote commensality, and for synchronized multisensorial video streaming content.
Community Collectives: Low-tech Social Support for Digitally-Engaged Entrepreneurship

With the rise of social media, entrepreneurs are feeling the pressure to adopt digital tools for their work. However, the upfront effort and resources needed to participate on these platforms is ever more complex, particularly in underresourced contexts. Through participatory action research over two years in Detroit's Eastside, we found that local entrepreneurs preferred to become engaged digitally through a community collective, which involved (a) resource-connecting organizations, (b) regular in-person meetings, (c) paper planning tools, and (d) practice and validation. Together, these elements combined to provide (1) awareness and willingness to use digital tools, (2) regular opportunities to build internet self-efficacy, and (3) ways to collectively overcome digital obstacles. We discuss our findings in the context of digital engagement and entrepreneurship, and outline recommendations for digital platforms seeking to better support economic mobility more broadly.
Scenario Co-Creation Cards: A Culturally Sensitive Tool for Eliciting Values

Values are an integral part of human identity and have a pervasive impact upon human behavior. This makes understanding them a central concern in the design of technology, as exemplified by approaches such as Value Sensitive Design ("VSD"). Identifying and concreting the values held by a given population can be a difficult endeavor, especially where there is a cultural barrier limiting an effective discussion of them, for example in societies where freedom of expression is discouraged. Addressing this concern requires an in-depth consideration of appropriate value elicitation methods, which responds to the fact that it is not possible to understand values detached from their cultural context. We introduce a novel implicit method, Scenario Co-Creation Cards, and show how it can be used to incorporate existing models of culture in the value elicitation process. We demonstrate this in a case study of Saudi women's visibility in the digital media.
Breeding Biology of Spectacled Tyrant (Hymenops perspicillatus) In the Southeastern Pampas Region, Argentina

Abstract The Spectacled Tyrant (Hymenops perspicillatus) is a flycatcher that inhabits open lands, grassy areas near water bodies, marshes, fields and pastures in southern South America. Our aim was to describe the breeding biology of Spectacled Tyrants in native tall grasslands, specifically by studying their reproductive phenology and breeding success. The study was developed in the southeastern Pampas region, Argentina. We conducted nest searching and monitoring during the 2010–2011 and 2011–2012 breeding seasons. We found 88 nests. The breeding season was from mid-October to late January. Clutch size was 2–3 eggs, mode = 2. Incubation and nestling periods were 15.8 ± 0.7 days and 14.7 ± 0.6 days, respectively. Nest predation was higher during the incubation period than during laying and nestling periods. The probability of nest success from egg-laying to fledging was 0.24. This species shows life-history traits in accordance with other South American temperate birds.
Future Opportunities for IoT to Support People with Parkinson's

Recent years have seen an explosion of internet of things (IoT) technologies being released to the market. There has also been an emerging interest in the potentials of IoT devices to support people with chronic health conditions. In this paper, we describe the results of engagements to scope the future potentials of IoT for supporting people with Parkinson's (PwP). We ran a 2-day multi-disciplinary event with professionals with expertise in Parkinson's and IoT, to explore the opportunities, challenges and benefits. We then ran 4 workshops, engaging 13 PwP and caregivers, to scope out the needs, values and desires that the community has for utilizing IoT to monitor their symptoms. This work contributes considerations for future IoT solutions that might support PwP in better understanding their condition, through the provision of objective measurements that correspond to their, currently unmeasured, subjective experiences.
Phylogenomics Reveals Ancient Gene Tree Discordance in the Amphibian Tree of Life

Abstract Molecular phylogenies have yielded strong support for many parts of the amphibian Tree of Life, but poor support for the resolution of deeper nodes, including relationships among families and orders. To clarify these relationships, we provide a phylogenomic perspective on amphibian relationships by developing a taxon-specific Anchored Hybrid Enrichment protocol targeting hundreds of conserved exons which are effective across the class. After obtaining data from 220 loci for 286 species (representing 94% of the families and 44% of the genera), we estimate a phylogeny for extant amphibians and identify gene tree–species tree conflict across the deepest branches of the amphibian phylogeny. We perform locus-by-locus genealogical interrogation of alternative topological hypotheses for amphibian monophyly, focusing on interordinal relationships. We find that phylogenetic signal deep in the amphibian phylogeny varies greatly across loci in a manner that is consistent with incomplete lineage sorting in the ancestral lineage of extant amphibians. Our results overwhelmingly support amphibian monophyly and a sister relationship between frogs and salamanders, consistent with the Batrachia hypothesis. Species tree analyses converge on a small set of topological hypotheses for the relationships among extant amphibian families. These results clarify several contentious portions of the amphibian Tree of Life, which in conjunction with a set of vetted fossil calibrations, support a surprisingly younger timescale for crown and ordinal amphibian diversification than previously reported. More broadly, our study provides insight into the sources, magnitudes, and heterogeneity of support across loci in phylogenomic data sets. [AIC; Amphibia; Batrachia; Phylogeny; gene tree–species tree discordance; genomics; information theory. ]
CONTINUING MEDICAL EDUCATION IN ACADEMIC EMERGENCY MEDICINE CME Information: A Rapid Systematic Review of Clinical Trials Utilizing Chloroquine and Hydroxychloroquine as a Treatment for COVID-19

Activity Disclosures This activity received no commercial support. CME Editor Corey Heitz discloses no relevant financial relationships. This activity underwent peer review in line with standards of editorial integrity and publication ethics. Conflicts of interest have been identified and resolved in accordance with John Wiley and Sons, Inc.’s Policy on Activity Disclosure and Conflict of Interest.
Bushcricket spermatophores vary in accord with sperm competition and parental investment theory

Sperm competition theory predicts that males will vary the number of sperm ejaculated according to the intensity of competition expected over the fertilization of eggs. Parental investment theory predicts that the magnitude of male investment in offspring should be associated with confidence of paternity. The spermatophores of some bushcrickets serve the dual functions of delivering sperm and providing the female with a nutritious meal that appears to function as parental investment. We show how male Requena verticalis increase the number of sperm in the ampulla of the spermatophore and reduce the amount of spermatophylax material when mating with females with whom they have a low confidence of paternity. These changes in spermatophore morphology are in accord with theories of sperm competition and parental investment.
Clinical course of COVID-19 in a liver transplant recipient on hemodialysis and response to tocilizumab therapy: A case report

The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) is a highly infectious and rapidly spreading disease. There are limited published data on the epidemiology and outcomes of COVID‐19 infection among organ transplant recipients. After initial flulike symptoms, progression to an inflammatory phase may occur, characterized by cytokine release rapidly leading to respiratory and multiorgan failure. We report the clinical course and management of a liver transplant recipient on hemodialysis, who presented with COVID‐19 pneumonia, and despite completing a 5‐day course of hydroxychloroquine, later developed marked inflammatory manifestations with rapid improvement after administration of off‐label, single‐dose tocilizumab. We also highlight the role of lung ultrasonography in early diagnosis of the inflammatory phase of COVID‐19. Future investigation of the effects of immunomodulators among transplant recipients with COVID‐19 infection will be important.