Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect of Extrusion Temperature on the Microstructure, Textural and Functional Attributes of Carrot Pomace‐Based Extrudates

Textural and functional attributes are the main decisive factor for acceptability and stability of the snack food in the market, whereas microstructural study is considered a powerful tool for understanding the behavior of these attributes. The extrudates prepared under the optimized conditions from rice flour, pulse powder and carrot pomace were evaluated for the thermal kinetics of color, hardness and microstructure; β-carotene; and vitamin C. The extrudates were sealed in metalized polypropylene, and the bags were then stored for 6 months in an incubator at temperature of 30C and 50% relative humidity. The increase in L-value, b-value and decrease in a-value, crispiness, β-carotene and vitamin C in carrot pomace-based rice extrudates was observed with the increase in extrusion temperature. The harder and compact texture in microstructural study of extrudates was observed with the increase in temperature. The decrease in L-value, b-value, crispiness, β-carotene and vitamin C, and increase in a-value and hardness extrudates was observed with the increase in storage period. Practical Applications Fruit and vegetable juices have become important in recent years because of overall increase in natural juice consumption as an alternative to the traditional caffeine-containing beverages such as coffee, tea or carbonated soft drinks. Carrot pomace is a by-product obtained during carrot juice processing. A promising way is to store the carrot pomace in dried form and utilize in the development of various food products specifically extrudates. The conversion of dried pomace by the application of novel and versatile technique of extrusion can be very useful both in terms of economic point of view and health benefits. The microstructural and textural changes in the product during storage are still not known. The effect of extrusion temperature and storage on the product microstructure, texture and functional attributes were evaluated for further applications of extrusion processing. Zero- and first-order models were also planned to study the thermal and degradation kinetics.
Novel phosphorus-containing poly(ether sulfone)s and their blends with an epoxy resin : Thermal decomposition and fire retardancy

The decomposition of novel phosphorus-containing poly(oxyphenylene-sulfonyl-phenylene-oxydiphenyl phenylene phosphine oxide) (PSU_I), 2,5-dihydroxy-1-biphenylene-phosphine oxide based polysulfone (PSU_II), poly(sulfonyl-diphenylphenylene phosphonate) (PSU_P) and bisphenol A-based polysulfone (PSU) is studied. The influence of the chemical structure, charring and phosphorus release is discussed based on the mass loss, kinetics and products. The pyrolysis and fire behaviour of blends with epoxy resin (EP) are studied. For EP-PSU_II, phosphorus initiates water elimination and changes the decomposition pathway of EP. The fire behaviour of EP-PSU shows some improvements, whereas the heat release rate is crucially reduced for EP-PSU_II due to simultaneous char formation and flame inhibition.
Polyimides possessing bulky phosphorus groups: Synthesis and characterization

A series of polyimides with bulky pendent groups containing phosphorus were obtained from polymerization of various dianhydrides with a new diamine (2DOPO-A) bearing two bulky (9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-oxide-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-yl) (DOPO) substituents. The resulting polymers had inherent viscosities of 0.15–0.32 dL/g and glass transition temperatures of 260–283°C. The polyimides were soluble in some organic solvents due to the incorporation of bulky and polar DOPO groups. The non-coplanar cardo structure of 2DOPO-A also contributed to the improvement in the solubility of the polyimides. Incorporating DOPO groups into polyimides resulted in polymers with low initial decomposition temperatures (IDT; 310–362°C) due to the independent decomposition of the DOPO groups. Thermogravimetric analysis showed that the DOPO-containing polyimides exhibited high integral procedural decomposed temperatures (IPDT) of 891–950°C. Incorporation of DOPO group into polyimides also improved their weight loss rate, thermal stability, thermal-oxidative stability, and heat insulating property in the high temperature region. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 89: 791–796, 2003
Advanced Statistical Analysis as a Novel Tool to Pneumatic Conveying Monitoring and Control Strategy Development

Behaviour of powder flow in pneumatic conveying has been investigated for many years, though it still remains a challenging task both practically and theoretically, especially when considering monitoring and control issues. Better understanding of the gas‐solids flow structures can be beneficial for the design and operation of pneumatic transport installations. This paper covers a novel approach for providing the quantitative description in terms of parameter values useful for monitoring and control of this process with the use of Electrical Capacitance Tomography (ECT). The use of Bayesian statistics for analysis of ECT data allows the direct estimation of control parameters. This paper presents how this characteristic parameters estimation can be accomplished without the need for reconstruction and image post processing, which was a classical endeavour whenever tomography was applied. It is achieved using a ‘high‐level' statistical Bayesian modelling combined with a Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) sampling algorithm. Advanced statistics is applied to data analysis for measurements coming from the part of phenomena present in the horizontal section of pneumatic conveyor during slug formation.
Study of the N=Z nucleus 62Ga using a new fast beta-decay tagging system

Several low-lying levels in the exotic N = Z nucleus 62Ga have been observed for the first time using a new fast β-decay tagging system at the Argonne National Laboratory. The system provides enhanced selectivity on proton-rich nuclei, produced in heavy-ion fusion-evaporation reactions, that exhibit ‘fast’ β decays compared with isobaric contaminants. A 103 MeV beam of 40Ca ions, produced by the Argonne Tandem-Linac Accelerator System (ATLAS), was used to bombard an isotopically enriched 24Mg target, allowing 62Ga nuclei to be produced via the evaporation of one proton and one neutron in heavy-ion fusion evaporation reactions. Prompt γ rays were detected by the Gammasphere array, and recoiling reaction products dispersed by their mass-to-charge ratio by the fragment mass analyzer (FMA). New β-tagging capabilities were provided by the installation of a 1 mm thick, highly segmented 160×160 double-sided Silicon strip detector (DSSD) at the focal plane of the FMA, which allowed implanted reaction residues to be correlated in both space and time with subsequent β+ decays. The experiment was carried out with the benefit of digital acquisition systems for the Gammasphere, FMA and DSSD. The exotic nucleus 62Ga has a β-decay half-life of ∼ 100 ms. The main contaminants in the 40Ca + 24Mg fusion-evaporation reaction are 62Zn, which has a ∼ 9 hour half-life, and 58Ni, which is stable. A clean ‘singles’ γ-ray spectrum of 62Ga transitions was made permissible for the first time by the high levels of selectivity achieved, through requiring the detection of a β particle in the DSSD in close proximity to implanted reaction residues within 400 ms of implantation. Several low-lying low-spin states are reported in this thesis work, and discussed in the context of previous experimental results and theoretical predictions made using shell model, deformed shell model and IBM-4 calculations.
Field study on the mercury content of Saliva

20 000 subjects were enrolled in a large‐scale field study to determine the concentration of total mercury in saliva. A statistical relationship was found between the mercury concentration in the pre‐chewing saliva and chewing saliva, and the number of amalgam fillings. The mean number of amalgam fillings was 9 and the median mercury concentration was 11.6 μg/1 in the pre‐chewing saliva and 29.3 μg/1 in the chewing saliva, which is considerably higher than reported in most previous publications. Extrapolation to the uptake of total mercury per week has shown that the provisional tolerable weekly intake (PTWI) value of the WHO is exceeded in at least 30% of the subjects.
Anaerobic Treatment of Manure Together with Industrial Waste

A joint large-scale biogas plant treats animal manure together with organic industrial and household solid waste and produces biogas and organic fertilizers. In the presentation we will discuss the importance of combined treatment of manure and organic waste. Furthermore, data will be shown on the effects of addition of lipid- and protein- containing wastes to thermophilic digesters treating cattle manure.
A new multiplet-cluster model for the morphology of random ionomers

The model is based on the existence of multiplets, which reduce the mobility of the polymer chains in their vicinity. Isolated multiplets act as large cross-links, thus increasing the glass transition temperature of the material. As the ion content is increased, the regions of restricted mobility surrounding each multiplet overlap to form larger contiguous regions of restricted mobility. The model is in good agreement with literature experimental results, especially SAXS and dynamic mechanical data
Quantitative Analysis of the Intensity of Interference Fringes of X-Ray Diffraction Line Profiles

X-Ray diffraction spectra of thin films may show characteristic interference fringe patterns which wash out with increasing surface roughness. From the intensity of the secondary maxima quantitative data on the roughness can be derived. Model calculations are presented assuming that the distribution of heights about the mean surface level is Gaussian. The theory is applied to explain the diffraction spectra of single-crystal silver films. It is shown that some uncertainty in the results remains due to the influence of lattice distortions
Phase Transition in Semi-Magnetic Semiconductors

We have successfully described the high pressure phase transition pressure and associated phenomenon in the semimagnetic semiconductors (SMS) by means of a three body potential (TBP) model approach. This model has revealed the observed variation of the phase transition pressure with concentration (x) in Cd1-xMnxTe and Zn1-xMnxTe. It has been demonstrated that the TBP approach is an appropriate method to describe the phase transition in SMS material induced by pressure.
Solvent Shift of the 1 Δ g → 3 Σ g - Phosphorescence of O 2

Literature data of the 0−0 transition energy νmax of the collision induced 1Δg phosphorescence of O2 in solution are analyzed. It is shown that the solvent shift of νmax is composed additively of a red-shift, caused by dispersive interactions between the solvent in the surrounding of the colliders O2(1Δg) and solvent molecule, and a blue-shift which is due to the inherent collision induced nature of the 1Δg → 3Σg- transition and due to changes in the repulsive part of the effective intermolecular potential in the condensed phase with electronic excitation.
Influência das condições de superfície e do cultivo do solo na erosão hídrica em um cambissolo húmico

The soil cover by crop residues dissipates the kinetic energy of raindrops, while, the surface roughness dissipates the kinetic energy of runoff, therefore, both store water and retain sediments on surface, decreasing water erosion. The objective of this study was to determine the persistence and the influence of crop residues and surface roughness in cultivated soil on soil and water losses, compared to bare and uncovered soil under the following treatments: i) cultivated soil: covered by ryegrass mulch (Lolium multiflorum), with minimal roughness (RMC); covered by vetch mulch (Vicia sativa), with minimal roughness (VMC); chiseled after ryegrass cultivation in the absence of residues above-ground crop and presence of plant roots, with high roughness (RHR); chiseled after the vetch cultivation in the absence of above-ground crop residues and presence of plant roots, with high roughness (RHV); ii) bare soil: uncovered, chiseled, with high roughness (RHU). The experiment was carried out from May 2011, to December 2012, in experimental plots of 38.5 m2 (11 m along the slope and 3.5 m width). In these treatments, eight simulated rainfall testes were applied, with 90 min of duration and planned to a constant rain intensity of 65 mm h-1 , using a rotating boom simulator rainfall moved by hydraulic thrust. The residue mass and the surface soil roughness decrease over time, especially in the vetch treatments, with more intense decrease in soil roughness in the first simulated rainfall test and in residues mass in the second rainfall test. The cultivation decreases soil losses relative to bare chiseled soil, independent of the surface conditions. Ryegrass and vetch residues reduce soil losses relative to chiseled treatments, and ryegrass reduces soil losses relative to vetch, independent of the soil management. The cultivated treatments show increasing soil loss during the time, mainly when soil was chiseled. The water losses by runoff follow the same tendency of soil losses, however, with lower differences between treatments.
Dynamics of late stage phase separations in two dimensions

The theory of late stage phase separation in two dimensions is presented. The asymptotic distribution function for droplet sizes and associated temporal power laws are derived for the case where the condensation–evaporation mechanism for growth is dominant. The average radius is shown to grow as t1/3 and the density of droplets decays as t−2/3. The effect of competition between droplets is included and shown to increase the coarsening rate. The distribution function and growth rate broaden and increase, respectively, as the equilibrium area fraction of the minority phase is increased.
Biological Colonization of Granular Activated Carbon Filters in Drinking‐Water Treatment

A study of biological filtration on granular activated carbon GAC has been performed at the Neuilly-sur-Marne (France) treatment plant using experimental pilot filters. Bacterial colonization of GAC was monitored in three carbon filters having varying depths and filtration velocities, but similar empty bed contact time (EBCT). About three months were required to colonize the GAC in the filters and a steady state bacterial biomass of around 2 μgC/cm³ GAC was reached. During the colonization period, removal of nonbiodegradable organic carbon (NBDOC) by filtration decreased from 50% to less than 10% showing a gradual saturation of GAC adsorption capacity. However, biological processes take turn with adsorption to ensure a significant removal of biodegradable dissolved organic carbon (BDOC) during the study period (more than 200 days). Filters operating under different conditions did not show any difference in the BDOC removal. This indicates that biological removal of organic matter in GAC filters having a given EBCT is independent of filtration rate (in the range 6 m/h–18 m/h). The maximum bacterial density in the filter effluent water was 1.5 x 10\u5 bacteria/mL during the colonization phase; this seemed to be linked to a lag in establishing a protozoan population, which, at equilibrium, efficiently removed bacterial biomass produced within the filters. Once established, the efficiency of this complex microbial assemblage was remarkable; the removal of about 0.25 mgC/L of BDOC resulted in the release of less than 0.5 x 10\u5 bacteria per milliliter, around 0.0015 mgC/L as bacterial biomass in the effluent.
Hydroxyapatite Crystallization in the Presence of Amino Acids with Uncharged Polar Side Groups: Glycine, Cysteine, Cystine, and Glutamine

The crystal growth of hydroxyapatite (HAP), the most stable calcium phosphate phase at 37 °C, pH 7.40, and ionic strength 0.15 M, in the presence of four amino acids with uncharged polar side groups (glycine, cysteine, cystine, and glutamine) has been investigated by the constant composition technique. Crystallization took place exclusively on well-characterized HAP crystals in supersaturated solutions only with respect to this calcium phosphate salt. The kinetic results indicated a surface diffusion mechanism. The presence of the amino acids inhibited the crystal growth of HAP possibly through adsorption onto the active growth sites of the HAP crystal surface. Cysteine in particular caused a reduction in the crystal growth of HAP up to 81%. The kinetic results favored a Langmuir type adsorption model, and the value of the affinity constant for each amino acid was calculated. Each value was related to the nature of the amino acid side group.
Advanced Windows Methods on Malware Detection and Classification

Application Programming Interfaces (APIs) are still considered the standard accessible data source and core wok of the most widely adopted malware detection and classification techniques. API-based malware detectors highly rely on measuring API’s statistical features, such as calculating the frequency counter of calling specific API calls or finding their malicious sequence pattern (i.e., signature-based detectors). Using simple hooking tools, malware authors would help in failing such detectors by interrupting the sequence and shuffling the API calls or deleting/inserting irrelevant calls (i.e., changing the frequency counter). Moreover, relying on API calls (e.g., function names) alone without taking into account their function parameters is insufficient to understand the purpose of the program. For example, the same API call (e.g., writing on a file) would act in two ways if two different arguments are passed (e.g., writing on a system versus user file). However, because of the heterogeneous nature of API arguments, most of the available API-based malicious behavior detectors would consider only the API calls without taking into account their argument information (e.g., function parameters). Alternatively, other detectors try considering the API arguments in their techniques, but they acquire having proficient knowledge about the API arguments or powerful processors to extract them. Such requirements demand a prohibitive cost and complex operations to deal with the arguments. To overcome the above limitations, with the help of machine learning and without any expert knowledge of the arguments, we propose a light-weight API-based dynamic feature extraction technique, and we use it to implement a malware detection and type classification approach. To evaluate our approach, we use reasonable datasets of 7774 benign and 7105 malicious samples belonging to ten distinct malware types. Experimental results show that our type classification module could achieve an accuracy of , where our malware detection module could reach an accuracy of over , and outperforms many state-of-the-art API-based malware detectors.
Pressure-induced phenomena in single-walled carbon nanotubes probed by infrared spectroscopy

The electronic properties of films of unoriented single-walled carbon nanotubes were studied by transmission measurements as a function of pressure. The energies of the optical transitions between the Van Hove singularities decrease with increasing pressure, which can be attributed to pressure-induced hybridization and symmetry-breaking effects. We observe an anomaly in the pressure-induced shift of the optical transitions at around 2 GPa due to a structural phase transition. The low-energy absorbance monotonically decreases with increasing pressure, suggesting an increasing carrier localization.
Up2Dep: Android Tool Support to Fix Insecure Code Dependencies

Third-party libraries, especially outdated versions, can introduce and multiply security & privacy related issues to Android applications. While prior work has shown the need for tool support for developers to avoid libraries with security problems, no such a solution has yet been brought forward to Android. It is unclear how such a solution would work and which challenges need to be solved in realizing it. In this work, we want to make a step forward in this direction. We propose Up2Dep, an Android Studio extension that supports Android developers in keeping project dependencies up-to-date and in avoiding insecure libraries. To evaluate the technical feasibility of Up2Dep, we publicly released Up2Dep and tested it with Android developers (N=56) in their daily tasks. Up2Dep has delivered quick-fixes that mitigate 108 outdated dependencies and 8 outdated dependencies with security problems in 34 real projects. It was perceived by those developers as being helpful. Our results also highlight technical challenges in realizing such support, for which we provide solutions and new insights. Our results emphasize the urgent need for designated tool support to detect and update insecure outdated third-party libraries in Android apps. We believe that Up2Dep has provided a valuable step forward to improving the security of the Android ecosystem and encouraging results for tool support with a tangible impact as app developers have an easy means to fix their outdated and insecure dependencies.
Testing a mechanistic model. II. The effects of time and temperature on the reaction of zinc with a soil

SUMMARY Samples of a soil were mixed with zinc nitrate solutions and incubated from 1 to 30 days at temperatures from 4 to 60°C. The solution concentration of zinc, which would not have changed on brief mixing with the soil at 25°C, was measured. Background electrolytes for this measurement of null-point concentration were both calcium and sodium nitrate. The effect of the temperature at which null-point concentration was measured was also investigated. After incubation with zinc nitrate, desorption of zinc, and sorption of further zinc, were measured. Null-point concentration of zinc decreased with increasing period of incubation, with the rate of decrease greatest at high temperatures of incubation. The effects of both temperature and time were closely described by a model which postulated an initial rapid adsorption of ZnOH+ ions onto heterogenous charged surfaces, followed by a diffusive penetration. Increasing the temperature of incubation increased the rate of diffusive penetration and led to low solution concentrations. In contrast, increasing the temperature at which null-points were measured increased the concentration of ZnOH+ ions. This was shown to be consistent with a change in position of the equilibrium of the initial, rapid, adsorption reaction. Curves for desorption of zinc were continuous with curves for sorption of further zinc, but neither desorption nor further sorption coincided with the position of the curves relating retention of previously added zinc to concentration. This result was consistent with the model and occurred because desorption must reverse diffusive penetration. However, the model under-predicted the magnitude of both desorption and sorption of further zinc. Desorption in calcium solutions was greater than in sodium solutions, even when the solution concentration of zinc approached zero. This was consistent with exchange diffusion of calcium ions for some of the penetrated zinc.