Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Lithology-Dependent Diagenetic Control of Reservoir Properties of Conglomerates, Falher Member, Elmworth Field, Alberta

Conglomerates in the Falher Member of the Lower Cretaceous Spirit River Formation of Alberta are the reservoir rocks for the giant (2-3 Tcf or 5-8 × 1010 m3) Elmworth gas field. Three types of conglomerates are present: (a) unimodal--granules or pebbles lacking any matrix, (b) bimodal grain supported--a framework of pebbles with fine to medium sand in the interstices, and (c) bimodal sand supported--pebbles floating in fine to medium sandstone. The distribution of these three types is controlled by the original depositional environment. The granules and pebbles are composed of chert and silicified sedimentary and volcanic rock fragments. The sand grains are dominantly quartz. During diagenesis, very small (.01-0.1 mm) drusy quartz crystals form on the cherts and rock fragments, whereas quartz grains undergo heavy quartz overgrowth formation because of differences in nucleation and growth of quartz crystals. As a consequence, most unimodal conglomerates (low in quartz) have not experienced major reduction of porosity and permeability. Bimodal conglomerates, both sand and pebble supported, have lost significant amounts because of cementation of the quartz-rich matrix. Streaks and patches of kaolinite and calcite cements have also reduced porosity and permeability locally. Gas production from Falher wells, therefore, de ends not only on the amount of conglomerate, but also on the proportion of unimodal and bimodal types.
Survey of receiving-water environmental impacts associated with discharges from pulp mills: 1. Mill characteristics, receiving-water chemical profiles and lab toxicity tests

This survey examined the relationship between environmental responses at pulp mill sites and the pulping process (kraft vs. sulphite/thermomechanical pulping), effluent treatment (primary vs. secondary treatment), and bleaching technology used by pulp mills. This manuscript is the first in a series of four; it reviews the location and operating characteristics of mills included in the survey and provides background information on water chemistry that is relevant to the other components of the survey. In addition, lab 7-d toxicity tests of receiving water were conducted using fathead minnows (Pimephales prome-las) and the cladoceran Cenodaphma dubia with water samples collected upstream (reference) and downstream (plume) of effluent discharges at 11 Canadian pulp and paper mills; these samples were collected at the same time as fish surveys were conducted. Survival of fathead minnow larvae was significantly reduced at four of the 11 downstream sites. Ceriodaphnia reproduction was significantly higher at six of the 11 downstream sites and significantly lower at two downstream sites. There were no significant effects on fathead minnow larva growth or adult Cenodaphma survival at any of the examined downstream sites. Negative effects in the toxicity tests were generally associated with the low dilution discharge of primary treated effluent with a previous history of acute toxicity. Fathead minnow and Cenodaphnia tests were generally correlated with historical data on benthic mac-roinvertebrate community responses. Neither toxicity test predicted the physiological changes in wild fish that are presented in accompanying papers.
A simulation of the Cerro Hudson SO2 cloud

An isentropic trajectory model is used to simulate the evolution of the southern hemisphere SO2 cloud associated with the eruption of Cerro Hudson. By matching the parcel trajectories with total ozone mapping spectrometer SO2 retrievals, the principal stratospheric injection region is determined to be between 11 and 16 km in altitude. This region is characterized by weak wind shears and is located just poleward of the subtropical jet in the outer fringe of the stratospheric polar vortex. The lack of wind shear in the injection region explains the slow zonal dispersal of the SO2 cloud which was still clearly observed 19 days after the eruption. The trajectory model simulation of the SO2 cloud shows good agreement with observations for 7 days after the eruption. Using the potential vorticity and potential temperature estimates of the initial eruption cloud, the cloud position relative to the polar night jet is shown to be nearly fixed up to September 2, 1991, which was as long as the cloud was observed. This result suggests that the lower stratospheric polar and mid-latitude regions are nearly isolated from each other during the late August period.
Expression in retinal neurons of fukutin and FKRP, the protein products of two dystroglycanopathy-causative genes

Purpose Dystroglycanopathies are a heterogeneous group of recessive neuromuscular dystrophies that affect the muscle, brain and retina, and are caused by deficiencies in the O-glycosylation of α-dystroglycan. This post-translational modification is essential for the formation and maintenance of ribbon synapses in the retina. Fukutin and fukutin-related protein (FKRP) are two glycosyltransferases whose deficiency is associated with severe dystroglycanopathies. These enzymes carry out in vitro the addition of a tandem ribitol 5-phosphate moiety to the so-called core M3 phosphotrisaccharide of α-dystroglycan. However, their expression pattern and function in the healthy mammalian retina has not so far been investigated. In this work, we have addressed the expression of the FKTN (fukutin) and FKRP genes in the retina of mammals, and characterized the distribution pattern of their protein products in the adult mouse retina and the 661W photoreceptor cell line. Methods By means of reverse transcription (RT)-PCR and immunoblotting, we have studied the expression at the mRNA and protein levels of the fukutin and FKRP genes in different mammalian species, from rodents to humans. Immunofluorescence confocal microscopy analyses were performed to characterize the distribution profile of their protein products in mouse retinal sections and in 661W cultured cells. Results Both genes were expressed at the mRNA and protein levels in the neural retina of all mammals studied. Fukutin was present in the cytoplasmic and nuclear fractions in the mouse retina and 661W cells, and accumulated in the endoplasmic reticulum. FKRP was located in the cytoplasmic fraction in the mouse retina and concentrated in the Golgi complex. However, and in contrast to retinal tissue, FKRP additionally accumulated in the nucleus of the 661W photoreceptors. Conclusions Our results suggest that fukutin and FKRP not only participate in the synthesis of O-mannosyl glycans added to α-dystroglycan in the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi complex, but that they could also play a role, that remains to be established, in the nucleus of retinal neurons.
Maternal transfer of IgA and IgG SARS-CoV-2 specific antibodies transplacentally and via breast milk feeding

Background Although there have been many studies on antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 in breast milk, very few have looked at the fate of these in the infant, and whether they are delivered to immunologically relevant sites in infants. Methods Mother/infant pairs (mothers who breast milk fed and who were SARS-CoV-2 vaccinated before or after delivery) were recruited for this cross-sectional study. Mother blood, mother breast milk, infant blood, infant nasal specimen, and infant stool was tested for IgA and IgG antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 spike trimer. Results Thirty-one mother/infant pairs were recruited. Breast milk fed infants acquired systemic anti-spike IgG antibodies only if their mothers were vaccinated antepartum (100% Antepartum; 0% Postpartum; P<0.0001). Breast milk fed infants acquired mucosal anti-spike IgG antibodies (in the nose) only if their mothers were vaccinated antepartum (89% Antepartum; 0% Postpartum; P<0.0001). None of the infants in either group had anti-spike IgA in the blood. Surprisingly, 33% of the infants whose mothers were vaccinated antepartum had high titer anti-spike IgA in the nose (33% Antepartum; 0% Postpartum; P = 0.03). Half-life of maternally transferred plasma IgG antibodies in the Antepartum infant cohort was ~70 days. Conclusion Vaccination antepartum followed by breast milk feeding appears to be the best way to provide systemic and local anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies for infants. The presence of high titer SARS-CoV-2-specific IgA in the nose of infants points to the potential importance of breast milk feeding early in life for maternal transfer of mucosal IgA antibodies. Expectant mothers should consider becoming vaccinated antepartum and consider breast milk feeding for optimal transfer of systemic and mucosal antibodies to their infants.
Hypoxia Enhances Ecto-5′-Nucleotidase Activity and Cell Surface Expression in Endothelial Cells: Role of Membrane Lipids

Abstract— Extracellular adenosine production by the glycosyl-phosphatidyl-inositol-anchored Ecto-5′-Nucleotidase plays an important role in the defense against hypoxia, particularly in the intravascular space. The present study was designed in order to elucidate the mechanisms underlying hypoxia-induced stimulation of Ecto-5′-Nucleotidase in endothelial cells. For this purpose, aortic endothelial cells (SVARECs) were submitted to hypoxic gas mixture. Hypoxia (0% O2 for 18 hours) induced a 2-fold increase of Ecto-5′-Nucleotidase activity (Vmax 19.78±0.53 versus 8.82±1.12 nmol/mg protein per min), whereas mRNA abundance and total amount of the protein were unmodified. By contrast, hypoxia enhanced cell surface expression of Ecto-5′-Nucleotidase, as evidenced both by biotinylation and immunostaining. This effect was accompanied by a decrease of Ecto-5′-Nucleotidase endocytosis, without modification of Ecto-5′-Nucleotidase association with detergent-resistant membranes. Finally, whereas cholesterol content was unmodified, hypoxia induced a time-dependent increase of saturated fatty acids in SVARECs, which was reversed by reoxygenation, in parallel to Ecto-5′-Nucleotidase stimulation. Incubation of normoxic cells with palmitic acid enhanced Ecto-5′-Nucleotidase activity and cell surface expression. In conclusion, hypoxia enhances cell surface expression of Ecto-5′-Nucleotidase in endothelial cells. This effect could be supported by a decrease of Ecto-5′-Nucleotidase endocytosis through modification of plasma membrane fatty acid composition.
BRCA1 Mutation Leads to Deregulated Ubc9 Levels which Triggers Proliferation and Migration of Patient-Derived High Grade Serous Ovarian Cancer and Triple Negative Breast Cancer Cells

Women who have mutations in the BRCA1 gene have an increased lifetime risk of developing hereditary breast and ovarian cancers. BRCA1 mutations are responsible for up to 10% of the epithelial ovarian cancers (EOC) and 15% of breast cancers [1, 2]. Epithelial ovarian cancers are typically of the serous subtype and can be subdivided into two categories: Type I and Type II tumors. Type I is considered a low-grade tumor, whereas type II is considered a high-grade tumor; type II is the most malignant form of ovarian cancer accounting for up to 70% of all ovarian cancer diagnoses [3]. The most common and aggressive histotype of epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC), high grade serous carcinoma (HGSOC) is associated with germ line BRCA1 mutations with a lifetime risk of 40-60% [4]. Over 75% of breast tumors found in women with a BRCA1 mutation have a so-called triple negative phenotype (TNBC), meaning that these tumors do not express estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor and human epidermal growth factor receptor type 2 (HER2) [5]. A high percentage of BRCA1-associated hereditary and sporadic breast cancers are triple negative and are more likely to occur among pre-menopausal women of African American descent [6]. For women of African American descent there is a low survival rate for individuals that have advanced EOC or TNBC due to lack of treatment for advanced epithelial ovarian cancer and no targeted treatment for TNBC. Therefore, there is a critical need for better targeted Abstract
Altitude variation of glacier mass balance in Scandinavia

For each of ten glaciers in Norway and two in Sweden, vertical profiles of net balance bn(z), which are typically published as values at about a dozen altitudes, are strongly linear and nearly parallel from year to year. Separate linear functions fit the bn(z) from year to year with r2 ≥ 0.89 over the 12 glaciers. A family of parallel lines for each glacier that differ from year to year only by an amount Δbn constant with altitude has r2 ≥ 0.85. There is an altitude z′ on each glacier where the measured balance bn(z′) correlates well with the glacier‐total bn with r ≥ 0.97 over the 12 glaciers. A remarkable consequence of this and of the high correlation of bn between many of the glaciers in the region is that measurements on one glacier (1775 meters on Hardangerjøkulen) provide a good estimate of bn at several other glaciers.
Composición del locus de control en dos ciudades latinoamericanas/Composition the locus of control in two latinoamerican cities

The locus of control is a personality trait linked to the attribution people make concerning their success and failures. Research in nations and societies has demonstrated that there exist general and particular characteristics about control perception, where culture plays an important role. The initial objective was to know the factorial composition about locus of control in two groups located in Hermosillo, Sonora Mexico (n=600) and Joao Pessoa, Paraiba. Brazil (n=600); then, to establish the differences of the construct between the groups concerning the attribute variables: age, education level, occupation and city. The results show three dimensions in the two groups: internal, affiliation and external locus of control. The general data suggest that the population samples of the cities make control judgements related with efforts and personal work, affiliation to collectives and groups of interest as the basis for explaining their success and failures. Key words : locus of control, cross-cultural psychology, Mexico, Brazil.
On the Thermal History of Heavily Shocked Yanzhuang H-Chondrite

Partly shock-melted Yanzhuang H-chondrite, now classified as petrological type H6 but before the shock event of type H4, was subjected to the shock-heating 2.6 Ma ago at the time it was spalled off its parent body and came into being as a meteoroid of ca. 30 cm radius. At that time the unmelted portion of the meteoroid suffered an almost complete loss of its radiogenic 4He and 40Ar while the contents of the most volatile non-noble gas elements Zn and Se were not measurably affected. The melted portion of Yanzhuang is also essentially void of radiogenic 4He (10 ± 4 × 10−8 cm3 STP/g) but it has retained some 80% of its radiogenic 40Ar, presumably because in the melt the increase of the diffusion length more than compensated the increase of the diffusion constant.
Transmittance of a cloud is wavelength‐dependent in the UV‐range: Physical interpretation

In the recently published GRL paper by Seckmeyer et al. [1996] an example of a cloud that has a wavelength dependent effect on the surface UV‐radiation is given. Through careful and accurate radiative transfer modelling, the present paper aims to give a physical interpretation of the reported wavelength dependence of this particular cloud. The modelling shows that the transmission of the cloud alone does not vary significantly with wavelength in the UV. However, the cloud gives a wavelength dependent effect in the surface UV‐radiation due to radiation scattered upwards from the cloud and then scattered downwards again, effectively trying to make it through the cloud more than once. The number of photons this happens to is a function of the wavelength dependent Rayleigh scattering and ozone absorption cross sections.
The origin of sedimenting detrital matter in a coastal system

Total sedimentation and the fraction due to copepod fecal pellets were measured during the growth season (March–October 1989) in the southern Kattegat, Denmark. In this period the sedimentation of detritus made up 52 g C m−2, equal to 82% of the sedimenting matter from the euphotic zone, but fecal pellets (11 g C m−2) constituted only a minor fraction. The remaining detrital matter was produced by other heterotrophs than copepods. Published data on heterotrophic biomass and grazing obtained during the investigation in the Kattegat are reviewed in order to relate the sedimentation to processes in the pelagic system. Copepod defecation nearly equaled the sedimentation of fecal pellets, indicating that retention of this matter in the pelagic system was insignificant. A considerable fraction (10–24%) of the carbon flow processed by heterotrophic pico‐, nano‐, and microplankton was converted to detritus that was lost from the mixed system by sedimentation. The microbial food web is thus not an exclusively regenerating system.
A Wavelet and IHS Integration Method to Fuse High Resolution SAR with Moderate Resolution Multispectral Images

Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imaging can be a feasible alternative or a complement to traditional optical remote sensing techniques because it does not depend on solar illumination and weather conditions. The high spatial resolution of SAR, such as the Intermap STAR-3i airborne SAR image with 1.25 m spatial resolution, makes it applicable for high spatial resolution mapping purposes. However, difficulties sometimes exist in the interpretation of SAR images. Image fusion presents an alternative to improve the interpretability of SAR images by fusing the color information from moderate spatial resolution multispectral (MS) images. In this paper, a new fusion method based on the integration of wavelet transform and IHS (Intensity, Hue, and Saturation) transform is proposed for SAR and MS fusion to maintain the spectral content of the original MS image while retaining the spatial detail of the high-resolution SAR image. Three data sets are used to evaluate the proposed fusion method: two sets are airborne SAR images with MS images at different spatial resolutions; the other set is a Radarsat image with a Landsat TM image. The fusion results are evaluated visually and statistically. The evaluation shows that successful results are achieved in the fusion of all SAR and MS images from a variety of sensors with significant spatial and spectral variations by using the proposed image fusion method.
Text similarity: an alternative way to search MEDLINE

MOTIVATION The most widely used literature search techniques, such as those offered by NCBI's PubMed system, require significant effort on the part of the searcher, and inexperienced searchers do not use these systems as effectively as experienced users. Improved literature search engines can save researchers time and effort by making it easier to locate the most important and relevant literature. RESULTS We have created and optimized a new, hybrid search system for Medline that takes natural text as input and then delivers results with high precision and recall. The combination of a fast, low-sensitivity weighted keyword-based first pass algorithm to cast a wide net to gather an initial set of literature, followed by a unique sentence-alignment based similarity algorithm to rank order those results was developed that is sensitive, fast and easy to use. Several text similarity search algorithms, both standard and novel, were implemented and tested in order to determine which obtained the best results in information retrieval exercises. AVAILABILITY Literature searching algorithms are implemented in a system called eTBLAST, freely accessible over the web at http://invention.swmed. edu. A variety of other derivative systems and visualization tools provides the user with an enhanced experience and additional capabilities. CONTACT Harold.Garner@UTSouthwestern.edu.
Seismic Displacement Design of Earth Retaining Structures

Field performance observations and experimental evidence indicate that well-built retaining structures that are composed of or surrounded by materials that do not lose strength as a result of earthquake shaking perform satisfactorily at moderate levels of ground shaking. Thus, seismic earth pressures need not be considered when the peak ground acceleration is less than or equal to 0.3 g . At higher levels of ground shaking, the seismic evaluation should include the effects of the retained earth. The use of a Mononobe-Okabe-type method requires the selection of the seismic coefficient, which largely determines the magnitude of the seismic load increment. The rational selection of the seismic coefficient requires proper consideration of the seismic hazard at the site and the amount of seismic displacement that defines the threshold between satisfactory and unsatisfactory seismic performance of the earth retaining structure. Thus, a robust seismic design procedure should include a calculation of the potential seismic displacement of the earth retaining structure. In this paper, seismic displacement design procedures for earth retaining structures are examined.
Dynamics of sediment‐laden underflows passing over a subaqueous sill: glacier‐fed Peyto Lake, Alberta, Canada

The dynamic behaviour of sediment-laden underflows was examined in Peyto Lake, Alberta, Canada, which contains a midlake sill 7 m high. Sediment-laden underflows are driven by the downslope component of negative buoyant gravity multiplied by the current's thickness. Our measurements of wind, lake currents and water properties indicate that underflows pass over the sill due to the active storage of turbid suspension near the bottom in the deepest proximal region. Sill overflows occurred only when a hydrological threshold of the inflowing river was exceeded, causing quasicontinuous underflow and associated sedimentation in the distal region of the lake basin.
Influence of navigational lock and dam structures on adjacent fish communities in a major river system

We assessed the effects of a series of navigational lock and dam (L/D) structures on the composition of their adjacent fish communities. The Allegheny and Monongahela Rivers of southwestern Pennsylvania contain 14 lock and dam installations, eight and six respectively, which transform their river corridors into a series of contiguous pools. We selected two targeted fish assemblages, large‐bodied fishes (>250 mm TL) susceptible to gill‐netting and small‐bodied benthic species captured by trawling, for assessment upstream and downstream of each L/D installation. Gill nets were fished for approximately 16 h/net, while trawls were performed across three parallel 2‐min hauls. A total of 56 samples were collected over the spring/summers, 2004–2008. Species richness, abundance and the Jaccard Coefficient of Community Similarity (JCS) were calculated for each targeted fish community. Small‐bodied species, particularly darters, were depauperate upstream L/D while abundant and diverse downstream L/D on the Allegheny River. However, Monongahela River upstream and downstream L/D communities were similar. Jaccard Coefficient of Similarity values were comparable for both targeted fish assemblages on the Monongahela River, but differed markedly among Allegheny sites. While JCS values of large‐bodied fish assemblages of both rivers were strongly correlated with lockage frequency, this pattern was not replicated among small‐bodied assemblages. The near doubling of yearly lockages on the Monongahela River compared with the Allegheny may account for the similarity of its upstream and downstream ichthyofauna. Serial L/D navigational facilities on a large river may alter biotic connectivity patterns through physical isolation of adjacent fish communities. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.