Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Predictive Model for Demand for First-Line Antiretroviral (ARV) Drugs Using Data Mining Techniques

One of the most important indices of defining general welfare and quality-of-life of people in the world is physicaland mental health of individuals.Health care managers and planners therefore must make future demand for healthcare services and the need formedicines to achieve fully and reliable supply. With the introduction of the test and treat methodology of managing HIVpatients, first line Antiretroviral drugs (ARVs) must be in adequate availability to enable facilities implement this strategyof HIV eradication. Discontinuation of antiretroviral therapy Antiretroviral drugs (ART) due to shortages may result intoviral rebound, immune decomposition, and clinical progression of the virus, therefore there is need to plan ahead oftime to avail the most required stock for ARV drugs.There are no proper forecasting and anticipation mechanisms of future demand for first line Antiretroviral drugs(ARV) and this is a cross cutting problem for all the public health facilities in Mbarara District and this has led tooverstocking and understocking of these drugs leading to shortages and wastage related to expiryThis study aimed at designing a predictive model for demand of first-line ARV drugs in Mbarara district, usingdata mining techniques. Using the Cross Industry Standard Process for Data Mining (CRISP-DM) methodology, theobjectives of this study were to extract and prepare dataset required for data mining, examine different methods usedin demand prediction, Design a model for predicting demand and evaluate this model.The model was trained under the Waikato Environment for Knowledge Management (WEKA) which is a data miningenvironment and predicted the demand for first line ARVs in various health facilities Mbarara district Uganda. The testresults showed that the forecasting in time series approach was more suitable and efficient for drug cycles aheaddemand forecasting. Forecast results demonstrated that the model performed remarkably well with increased numberof actual data and iterations. A regression model gave more accurate forecast results with 7.3% Mean PercentageError as compared to alternative methods of demand forecasting whose error was above 30%.
Long-Term Blackcurrant Supplementation Modified Gut Microbiome Profiles in Mice in an Age-Dependent Manner: An Exploratory Study

Recent studies have suggested that blackcurrant (BC) anthocyanins have promising health benefits, possibly through regulating gut microbiome. Three- and eighteen-month old female mice were fed standard mouse diets for 4 months, each with or without BC (1% w/w) supplementation (n = 3 in each treatment group, 12 in total). We then assessed gut microbiome profiles using 16S sequencing of their feces. Old mice had a less diverse microbiome community compared to young mice and there was a remarkable age-related difference in microbiome composition in the beta diversity analysis. BC supplementation did not significantly affect alpha or beta diversity. The relative abundance of several phyla, including Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria and Tenericutes, was lower in old mice. BC downregulated Firmicutes abundance in young mice and upregulated Bacteroidetes in both age groups, leading to a decreased Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio. There were age-specific differences in the effect of BC supplementation on the microbiome. Twenty-four operational taxonomic units showed a significant interaction between age and BC supplementation (p < 0.01), which suggests that the ecosystem and the host health status affect the functions and efficiency of BC intake. These results indicate that BC supplementation favorably modulates gut microbiome, but there are distinct age-specific differences. Studies with human hosts are needed to better understand BC’s regulatory effects on the gut microbiome.
Schistosomal Colorectal Cancer: Biomarkers and Treatment Strategies

Article history Received: 10 December 2019 Accepted: 23 December 2019 Published: 30 December 2019 About 15.4% of human cancers worldwide have been attributed to infections. Among these, blood and liver flukes, notably Schistosoma sp, Clonorchis Sinesis, and Opisthorchis Viverrini have been associated with the development of various cancer types. Schistosoma sp. promotes colorectal cancer (CRC) progression through multiple mechanisms including production of toxins, symbiotic action with bacterial agents, and more importantly chronic inflammation. Diagnosis of schistosomal colorectal cancer (SCC) requires high index of clinical suspicion in endemic areas. Novel biomarkers may aid early diagnosis of SCC in patients with chronic intestinal schistosomiasis. Treatment should be tailored to individual patients according to the stage and biologic characteristics of the tumour, and the extent of hepatosplenic schistosomiasis. Long-term survival after surgical resection of SCC is lower than that reported in patients with sporadic CRC.
Pregnancy prevention at her fingertips: A text- and mobile video–based pilot intervention to promote contraceptive methods among college women

Objective: This paper reports on a pilot study evaluating the feasibility and acceptability of a text- and mobile video–based intervention to educate women and men attending college about non-daily contraception, with a particular focus on long-acting reversible contraception (LARC). A secondary objective is to describe the process of intervention development. Setting: Participants included undergraduate students attending a large urban US university between September and November 2011. Design: Using a participatory research strategy, investigators developed, delivered and evaluated a pilot mobile intervention using a texting interface, mobile videos and a contraceptive provider directory. Method: Descriptive statistics summarise the data collected from daily text-in analytics and web-based survey responses. Results: The texting interface received 1,203 visits; mobile videos were accessed 446 times. The provider directory was used by 10% of participants. Survey respondents’ (N = 82) motivation for choosing non-daily contraception included cost (57%), side effects (55%), effectiveness (55%) and low recall effort (23%). Most participants (88%) would/might recommend these methods to others. Conclusion: This study demonstrated that text- and mobile video–based modalities are appropriate and feasible to deliver contraceptive education to college students. There is a critical opportunity to reach large numbers of potential users through mobile health (mHealth) interventions to disseminate accurate information and link to healthcare services.
A study on OECD countries

Purpose – This paper aims to provide empirical evidence on the extent of alteration institutional characteristics, i.e. legal origin and corruption levels, may have on the signaling effects of auditors’ reputation, underwriters’ reputation and ownership retention on initial public offering (IPO) initial returns in OECD countries. Design/methodology/approach – Cross-sectional data composed of 6,182 IPOs from 30 OECD countries are used for 2003-2012. Ordinary least square with multiple linear regressions is used to test the hypotheses. Findings – The findings indicate that the legal framework and corruption level of a country alters the signaling effects of underwriters’ reputation, auditors’ reputation and ownership retention in an IPO environment. These three variables mitigate information asymmetry, signal firm value to potential investors and ultimately decrease IPO initial returns. This relationship is more significant in the civil law countries. Corruption levels negatively moderate the relationship in the common law and Scandinavian civil law countries but have no significance in the German and French civil law countries, indicating the importance of the signaling variables in these two civil law countries. Originality/value – This study examines the extent of the alterations that the legal framework and the corruption levels cause to the signaling relationship between auditors’ reputation, underwriters’ reputation and ownership retention on IPO initial returns in selected OECD countries.
The historical biogeography of terrestrial gamebirds (Aves: Galliformes)

4 Chapter 1: Inferring the biogeographical history of terrestrial gamebirds (Aves: Galliformes) using a novel approach: The direct analysis of vicariance Gamebirds and their systematics . 5 Centre of origin: North or South? 7 A short history of biogeographical analysis . 9 Problems with the cladistic approach . 10 Vicariance biogeography . 12 Chapter 2: Poultry in motion: The historical biogeography of terrestrial gamebirds (Aves:
‘JUST STRETCH IT OUT AND TRY TO DANCE’: YOUNG IRISH DANCERS’ VIEWS AND EXPERIENCES OF PAIN AND INJURY

Dancers frequently experience pain and injury due to the physical demands of performance. Previous research primarily focuses on professional dancers over the age of 18 years, and Irish dance has been largely unexplored, with research from a sociological perspective particularly lacking. To address these gaps, the purpose of this study was to explore the influence of the culture of Irish dance on young female dancers’ views and experiences of pain and injury. Data were generated through semi-structured interviews with eight girls (aged 11–16 years) from an Irish dance academy in North West England. We analysed the data by engaging in thematic analysis, and drew on Bourdieu’s concepts (habitus and capital, in particular) to explain our findings. Key themes within the data were: the values of Irish dance, trust and teamwork, and strength and weakness. The findings show that Irish dancers make sacrifices to achieve success, and the culture of Irish dance encourages them to dance through pain and injury in order to appear strong. While dancers recognise the potential consequences of injury and believe it is beneficial to take time away from training to recover, they are often encouraged (and encourage each other) to persevere through pain and injury. The findings suggest that there are some potentially harmful consequences of the Irish dance culture, as pain and injury are normalised. We suggest that coaches (and parents/guardians) should encourage young dancers to engage with self-care, and ensure they are not risking their future health and well-being by dancing through pain and injury.
A Study on the Developmental Changes of Dentofacial Complex of Japanese Children by Means of Roentgen Cephalometry

顔面頭蓋の成長研究は,1931年Broadbent「 に よつて頭部X線 規格写真法が導入 されて以来,急 速な進歩を遂げている。 しかし研究の重点を,永 久歯萌出以後に置いている報告が多く,現 在小児 歯科治療の主な対象 となつている乳歯列期あるい は混合歯列初期の,成 長発育が旺盛な幼児に研究 の重点を置いた報告は極めて少ない。 従来正常咬 合を有する日本人顔面頭蓋の成長過程 を,頭 部X 線規格写真法によつて継年的に追求した研究は, 飯塚2)の小児についての研究および幼児から成人 にわたつて研究 した坂本3)の ものがあるにすぎな い。 これ らもまた永久歯萌出以後に重点を置いた ものであり,資 料の 最低平均年齢 は満5歳 であ る。 そこで著者は,満2歳 から6歳 にわたる,乳 歯 列期を主体 とした日本人幼児の顔面頭蓋の成長過 程 を,頭 部X線 規格写真法によつて追求すること を試みた。 その第1報 として,断 面的資料を用い て,Sella-Nasionplaneお よびSellaturcicaの 中 心Sを 基準にとり,顔 面頭蓋の平均成長変化の過 程 を,facialpatternと そ の 量的 変 化 を 主 体 と し て研 究 した の で,そ の結 果 を報 告 す る。
Spatial Differentiation and Market Power in Input Procurement: Evidence from a Structural Model of the Corn Market

We estimate the cost of transporting corn and the resulting degree of spatial differentiation among downstream firms that buy corn from upstream farmers and examine whether such differentiation softens competition enabling buyers to exert market power (defined as the ability to pay a price for corn that is below its marginal value product net of processing cost). We estimate a structural model of spatial competition using corn procurement data from the U.S. state of Indiana from 2004 to 2014. We adopt a strategy that allows us to estimate firm-level structural parameters while using aggregate data. Our results return a transportation cost of $0.12 per bushel per mile (5% of the corn price under average distance traveled), which provides evidence of spatial differentiation among buyers. The estimated average markdown is $0.80 per bushel (16% of the average corn price in the sample), of which $0.34 is explained by spatial differentiation and the rest by the fact that firms operated under binding capacity constraints. We also find that corn prices paid to farmers at the mill gate are independent of distance between the plant and the farm, providing evidence that firms do not engage in spatial price discrimination. Finally, we evaluate the effect of hypothetical mergers on input markets and farm surplus. A merger between nearby ethanol producers eases competition, increases markdowns by 20%, and triggers a sizable reduction in farm surplus. In contrast, a merger between distant buyers has little effect on competition and markdowns.
Self-Efficacy Beliefs and Self-Regulated Learning Strategies of Prep School Students and Their Relation with Language Proficiency Levels

The main purpose of this study is to uncover prep school students’ self-efficacy beliefs and self-regulated strategy use in different proficiency levels. In accordance with this, this study aims to find out the relation between self-efficacy beliefs of students and their use of SRL strategies, and figure out to what extent self-efficacy beliefs, SLR strategies use of students and gender can predict their proficiency level. The study was conducted at a private university in Ankara in the academic year 2017-2018. The participants are all preparatory class students with A2 (n=35), B1 (n=27) and B2 (n=30) level of proficiency in English as an L2 and were recruited by convenience sampling method. Data of the study were collected through two Likert type questionnaires. The findings of the study revealed that there was a significant difference for listening and writing efficacy of participants between A2 and B2 level. Also, there is a significant positive correlation at moderate level between self-efficacy beliefs and SRL strategies use of participants regardless of their proficiency level. The current study has some implications for L2 language education especially in higher education such as including self-efficacy and SRL strategies into their curriculum.
Countercyclical loan-to-value ratios and monetary policy Preliminary and incomplete∗

Housing boom-busts are often associated with widespread problems for the financial system. An emerging policy debate is concerned with how best to reduce the amplitude or incidence of these boom busts. In this paper we add a countercyclical regulatory loan-to-value (LTV) to a DSGE model with housing and borrowing secured by housing collateral. We consider shocks that create features of a housing boom–including a shock that increases the borrowing limit to constrained households. We then examine the merits of using the traditional monetary policy instrument (short-term interest rates) against the alternative of a regulatory mortgage loan-tovalue ratio in responding to these booms.
Persistent Memory Analysis Tool (PMAT)

—Intel’s Persistent Memory Development Kit (PMDK) provides two separate tools—pmreorder and pmemcheck—that allow the programmer to explore and verify the consistency of possible states that may be present in persistent memory in the wake of a crash, given that caches may write back values out of order. Unfortunately, these tools are heavy-weight and inefﬁcient, and so we have developed the Persistent Memory Analysis Tool (PMAT), derived from pmemcheck, that enables the simulation and veriﬁcation of hundreds to thousands of crashes per second for programs of signiﬁcant size, for an improvement of at least three orders of magnitude.
Incorporating BERT into Neural Machine Translation

The recently proposed BERT has shown great power on a variety of natural language understanding tasks, such as text classification, reading comprehension, etc. However, how to effectively apply BERT to neural machine translation (NMT) lacks enough exploration. While BERT is more commonly used as fine-tuning instead of contextual embedding for downstream language understanding tasks, in NMT, our preliminary exploration of using BERT as contextual embedding is better than using for fine-tuning. This motivates us to think how to better leverage BERT for NMT along this direction. We propose a new algorithm named BERT-fused model, in which we first use BERT to extract representations for an input sequence, and then the representations are fused with each layer of the encoder and decoder of the NMT model through attention mechanisms. We conduct experiments on supervised (including sentence-level and document-level translations), semi-supervised and unsupervised machine translation, and achieve state-of-the-art results on seven benchmark datasets. Our code is available at \url{this https URL}.
Efficiency through a Lean Healthcare Implementation in a Public Hospital

Hospitals face challenges to improve efficiency in order to meet an increasing demand for high quality of care and low costs. Industry-based methods such as lean healthcare (LH) are implemented to improve healthcare systems. This study presents a LH implementation following the DMAIC approach (Define-Measure-Analysis-Improve-Control) in a Mexican public hospital, and contributes to the literature by analyzing the relation of waste reduction and sustainability. We focused on improving the medical supply chain from a temporary warehouse (TW) to the operating room (OR). Therefore, we analyzed the value stream including main surgical procedures and their related medical supplies, and identified different causes of inefficiency, which were evaluated and controlled. As a result, five types of waste were reduced, through different tools including, value stream map, Kanban, 5’s, among others. Over-processing requests were reduced 15.3%; similarly, defective identification numbers were reduced up to 46.5%, redundant processing was improved by 94.8%, unnecessary inventories were reduced near to 2.8% of the TW inventory, and transportation waste was reduced up to 16.7%. As a consequence, the lead-time for the main supplies was reduced 33 days. Results indicate that LH and DMAIC are effective to reduce waste and highly conducive to improve healthcare process sustainability.
Darling or Babygirl ? Investigating Stylistic Bias in Sentiment Analysis

Sentiment analysis is increasingly used for a range of applications from customer service to opinion mining. Stylistic bias arises when text generated by different groups of people expressing the same underlying content receive disparate treatment. Using three lexical alignment techniques, we ﬁnd that standard sentiment models produce signiﬁ-cantly different sentiment scores for word pairs that mainly differ stylistically. We suggest a simple align and substitute method to automatically generate examples of potentially undesirable biases in black-box models in order to better facilitate identiﬁcation and mitigation of differential treatment based on stylistic variation.
PROJECTING SUPERFICIAL WORDS OUT

In natural language inference, the semantics of some words do not affect the inference. Such information is considered superficial and brings overfitting. How can we represent and discard such superficial information? In this paper, we use first order logic (FOL) a classic technique from meaning representation language to explain what information is superficial for a given sentence pair. Such explanation also suggests two inductive biases according to its properties. We proposed a neural network-based approach that utilizes the two inductive biases. We obtain substantial improvements over extensive experiments.
Thermodynamic properties of nickel chromite (NiCr2O4) based on adiabatic calorimetry at low temperatures

The hitherto unknown low-temperature heat capacity of nickel chromite (NiCr2O4) was measured between 8 and 381 K using adiabatic calorimetry, and some thermochemical functions [CP(T), S(T), S 298, H(T))H(0)] were derived from the results. The standard entropy (S 298 1⁄4 140.0 ± 0.3 J mol K) for nickel chromite was calculated from the results. Our calorimetric measurements indicate three major anomalies in the heatcapacity curve at temperatures between 8 and 381 K. A short literature review indicates that two of these anomalies can be accounted for, whereas an anomaly peaking at 29 K has not been reported previously.
ACCELERATED PUBLICATION Fractionating Recalcitrant Lignocellulose at Modest Reaction Conditions

Effectively releasing the locked polysaccharides from recalcitrant lignocellulose to fermentable sugars is among the greatest technical and economic barriers to the realization of lignocellulose biorefineries because leading lignocellulose pre-treatment technologies suffer from low sugar yields, and/or severe reaction conditions, and/or high cellulase use, narrow substrate applicability, and high capital investment, etc. A new lignocellulose pre-treatment featuring modest reaction conditions (508C and atmospheric pressure) was demonstrated to fractionate lignocellulose to amorphous cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin, and acetic acid by using a non-volatile cellulose solvent (concentrated phosphoric acid), a highly volatile organic solvent (acetone), and water. The highest sugar yields after enzymatic hydrolysis were attributed to no sugar degradation during the fractionation and the highest enzymatic cellulose digestibility ( 97% in 24 h) during the hydrolysis step at the enzyme loading of 15 filter paper units of cellulase and 60 IU of betaglucosidase per gram of glucan. Isolation of high-value lignocellulose components (lignin, acetic acid, and hemicellulose) would greatly increase potential revenues of a lignocellulose biorefinery. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2007;97: 214–223. 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Study of body composition among university level male football players of north-eastern region: A comparative study

The purpose of the study was to compare Body Composition among the difference University level football players of North-eastern part of India. For the study total One hundred two (n=102) male students were selected from six difference Universities of north-east. 17 football players were randomly selected, the age range of the subjects were 18-25 years. The body composition was assessed in the form of BMI, WHR and BF% at 0.05 significance level. The study indicated that there was no significance difference on BMI, WHR and BF% among the six difference University level football players of Northeast.
Adaptive resonance and pumping a swing

Resonance, and particularly parametric resonance, is often given as an explanation for the increase in amplitude of a child on a swing, or more generally the actuation of pendulums. However the analysis is based on linearised models of the pendulum. We revisit the definition of parametric resonance and show how the pumping phenomenon is a much more complicated process than standard accounts might suggest. We show that if the frequency is not adapted as a function of the period of the oscillations then parametric forcing leads to a modulated oscillation which grows and then decreases periodically. A weakly nonlinear approximation confirms this observation. This shows that the parametric forcing required to maintain or grow oscillations in an actuated pendulum need to adapt to the period of the current oscillations rather than some abstract ‘natural frequency’. These results are extended to other resonant models of pumping a swing.
IS THE EUROPEAN UNION’S SINGLE FARM

Any form of subsidization has a distortionary effect on market outcomes. Ann Stillman evaluates the most recent EU agricultural reforms, assessing the status of the Single Farm Payment (SFP) and its relationship to production decisions. She acknowledges that the direct connection has been severered. However, by examining the indirect distortionary effects, she concludes that the Single Farm Payment cannot yet be regarded as fully decoupled from production.