Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Tropical Cyclone Motion and Surrounding Flow Relationships: Searching for Beta Gyres in Omega Dropwindsonde Datasets

Abstract In 1982, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's Hurricane Research Division began a series of experiments to collect Omega dropwindsonde (ODW) observations within about 1000 km of the center of tropical cyclones. By 1992, 16 ODW datasets had been collected in 10 Atlantic basin hurricanes and tropical storms. Objective wind analyses for each dataset 10 levels from 100 mb to the surface, have been produced using a consistent set of analysis parameters. The objective analyses, which resolve synoptic-scale features in the storm environment with an accuracy and confidence unattainable from routine operational analyses, have been used to examine relationships between a tropical cyclone's motion and its surrounding synoptic-scale flow. Tropical cyclone motion is found to be consistent with barotropic steering of the vortex by the surrounding flow within 3° latitude (333 km) of the cyclone center. At this radius, the surrounding deep-layer-mean flow explains over 90% of the variance in vor.
Finite point based numerical study on the unsteady laminar wake behind square cylinders

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to present numerical study on the behaviour of 2D unsteady incompressible laminar wakes behind square cylinders.Design/methodology/approach – The numerical method that has been developed is based on a finite point formulation characterised by its weak connectivity requirements. This formulation allows for a patched unstructured approach to computational domain modelling that is of interest for industrial applications. Time evolution of pressure is computed by using a pseudo‐compressibility relaxation model that is based on physical considerations.Findings – This model is characterised by the fact that no sub‐iterations on a numerical pseudo‐time are required so that computational efficiency is increased. Algorithm stability requires the use of second and fourth order artificial viscosity operators that effectively change the order of the equations. A discussion is included regarding the boundary conditions for these operators that do not influence vortex shedding beh.
Insertion of nanoparticulate artificial pinning centres in YBa2Cu3O7−x films by laser ablation of a Y2O3-surface modified target

YBa2Cu3O7−x+Y2O3 (YBCO+Y2O3) mixed films were prepared on SrTiO3/MgO substrates by pulsed-laser deposition from a YBCO target with a thin Y2O3 sector on the top. The pinning properties for the mixed YBCO+Y2O3 thin film were strongly enhanced, especially at the temperatures lower than 77 K: the maximum global pinning forces FP for the Y2O3 doped sample are 7.8 GN m−3 near 2 T at 77 K, 54.5 GN m−3 near 4 T at 65 K, and 189 GN m−3 near 9 T at 40 K. In the Y2O3-added samples, except for the plane configuration, the angular dependence of Jc showed a plateau, due to the flux pinning by isotropic pinning centres. Y2O3 nanoparticles randomly dispersed inside the YBCO matrix were consistently observed in the cross-sectional TEM images.
Stability and compactness for complete f -minimal surfaces

Let $(M,\bar{g}, e^{-f}d\mu)$ be a complete metric measure space with Bakry-\'Emery Ricci curvature bounded below by a positive constant. We prove that, in $M$, there is no complete two-sided $L_f$-stable immersed $f$-minimal hypersurface with finite weighted volume. Further, if $M$ is a 3-manifold, we prove a smooth compactness theorem for the space of complete embedded $f$-minimal surfaces in $M$ with the uniform upper bounds of genus and weighted volume, which generalizes the compactness theorem for complete self-shrinkers in $\mathbb{R}^3$ by Colding-Minicozzi.
Speed and fluctuations for some driven dimer models

We consider driven dimer models on the square and honeycomb graphs, starting from a stationary Gibbs measure. Each model can be thought of as a two dimensional stochastic growth model of an interface, belonging to the anisotropic KPZ universality class. We use a combinatorial approach to determine the speed of growth and show logarithmic growth in time of the variance of the height function fluctuations.
Nonclassical Godeaux surfaces in characteristic five

A classical Godeaux surface is a smooth minimal projective surface X, with K2 = 1, Pa = pg = 0 and PicT(X) = Z/5Z. A noncwlssical Godeaux surface is a smooth minimal projective surface X with K2= 1, Pa = 0, pg = 1 and PicT(X) = y5 or a5; such surfaces should exist in characteristic 5. It is the purpose of this note to construct nonclassical Godeaux surfaces in characteristic 5, with PicT(X) = P5. The method is to exhibit a smooth quintic surface on which Z/5Z acts, so that the quotient is smooth; this quotient is the desired surface. Let k be an algebraically closed field of characteristic 5. Choose coordinates [x, y, Z, zw for P3; this allows us to identify Autk(P3) with PGL(3, k), which I will do. Let a be the automorphism represented by the matrix I I 0 O' 0 1 1 0 O O 1 1. This element has order 5 and generates a cyclic group (a) isomorphic to Z/5Z on P3. It is not difficult to see that every action of Z/5Z on P3 which has only isolated fixed points is conjugate to the action of (a). The only fixed point of a is [1, 0,0 0]. For any linear form 1 in x, y, z and w let N(l) = f|4= Ui(l) denote the norm of 1 under the action of a; N(l) is a quintic form which is invariant under a. Let V be the subspace of the space of quintic forms which is generated by norms of linear functions. Let v: P3 --* P(V) be the (a priori rational) map defined by the subspace V. I claim that, in fact, v is defined everywhere and is etale away from the fixed point [1, 0, 0, 0]. The argument proceeds in several steps. Let C {a E PGL(3)1 au = al} be the centralizer of a. Then
Towards a renormalization theory for quasi-periodically forced one dimensional maps III. Numerical Support

In a previous work by the authors the one dimensional (doubling) renormalization operator was extended to the case of quasi-periodically forced one dimensional maps. The theory was used to explain different self-similarity and universality observed numerically in the parameter space of the Forced Logistic Maps. The extension proposed was not complete in the sense that we assumed a total of four conjectures to be true. In this paper we present numerical support for these conjectures. We also discuss the applicability of this theory to the Forced Logistic Map.
Error Propagation of Radar Rainfall Nowcasting Fields through a Fully Distributed Flood Forecasting Model

Abstract This study presents a first attempt to address the propagation of radar rainfall nowcasting errors to flood forecasts in the context of distributed hydrological simulations over a range of catchment sizes or scales. Rainfall forecasts with high spatiotemporal resolution generated from observed radar fields are used as forcing to a fully distributed hydrologic model to issue flood forecasts in a set of nested subbasins. Radar nowcasting introduces errors into the rainfall field evolution that result from spatial and temporal changes of storm features that are not captured in the forecast algorithm. The accuracy of radar rainfall and flood forecasts relative to observed radar precipitation fields and calibrated flood simulations is assessed. The study quantifies how increases in nowcasting errors with lead time result in higher flood forecast errors at the basin outlet. For small, interior basins, rainfall forecast errors can be simultaneously amplified or dampened in different flood forecast locat.
Selective model-predictive control for flocking systems

Abstract In this paper the optimal control of alignment models composed by a large number of agents is investigated in presence of a selective action of a controller, acting in order to enhance consensus. Two types of selective controls have been presented: an homogeneous control filtered by a selective function and a distributed control active only on a selective set. As a first step toward a reduction of computational cost, we introduce a model predictive control (MPC) approximation by deriving a numerical scheme with a feedback selective constrained dynamics. Next, in order to cope with the numerical solution of a large number of interacting agents, we derive the mean-field limit of the feedback selective constrained dynamics, which eventually will be solved numerically by means of a stochastic algorithm, able to simulate effciently the selective constrained dynamics. Finally, several numerical simulations are reported to show the effciency of the proposed techniques.
Complete suppression of filamentation and superior beam quality in quantum-dot lasers

Comparative near-field and beam-quality (M2) measurements on narrow stripe quantum-dot (QD) and quantum-well (QW) lasers of identical structure, both emitting at 1100 nm, are presented. Intrinsic suppression of filamentation in the QD lasers is observed. QD lasers emitting at 1300 nm again show no filamentation. For a 6-μm-stripe, QW laser, M2 increases from 2.6 to 6.1 with output power increasing from 5 to 60 mW and with increasing stripe width (20 mW, 3→10 μm, M2=2.6→4.7). In the QD lasers, filamentation is suppressed up to 8 μm (1100 nm) and 9 μm (1300 nm) stripe width and no dependence on output power is observed.
Three micron spectroscopy of low-mass pre-main-sequence stars

Low-resolution spectra were obtained of 16 premain-sequence stars, and ice-band features are detected in young T Tauri stars (TTSs) and in low-mass protostars. The TTSs have an ice band optical depth tau(ice) of 0.1-0.4. The tau(ice) for objects in the Taurus dark cloud decreases progressively from protostars to TTSs. The apparent color temperatures of the continuum spectra are 800-1200 K for protostars and 1100-1500 K for TTSs. The color temperatures of the continuum increase to 1200-2000K after correcting the protostar spectra for foreground extinction. This common temperature range in both young TTSs and protostars suggests that the inner boundary of the circumstellar disk is determined by the sublimation of refractory grains. 39 refs.
On cusp excursions of geodesics and Diophantine approximation

In this article we describe some new examples of correspondence between Diophantine approximation and homogeneous dynamics, by characterizing two kinds of exceptional orbits of geodesic flow associated with the Modular surface. The characterization uses a two parameter family of continued fraction expansion of endpoints of the lifts to the hyperbolic plane of the corresponding geodesics.
Point transitivity, ${\rm\Delta}$-transitivity and multi-minimality

Let $(X,f)$ be a topological dynamical system and ${\mathcal{F}}$ be a Furstenberg family (a collection of subsets of $\mathbb{N}$ with hereditary upward property). A point $x\in X$ is called an ${\mathcal{F}}$-transitive point if for every non-empty open subset $U$ of $X$ the entering time set of $x$ into $U$, $\{n\in \mathbb{N}:f^{n}(x)\in U\}$, is in ${\mathcal{F}}$; the system $(X,f)$ is called ${\mathcal{F}}$-point transitive if there exists some ${\mathcal{F}}$-transitive point. In this paper, we first discuss the connection between ${\mathcal{F}}$-point transitivity and ${\mathcal{F}}$-transitivity, and show that weakly mixing and strongly mixing systems can be characterized by ${\mathcal{F}}$-point transitivity, completing results in [Transitive points via Furstenberg family. Topology Appl. 158 (2011), 2221–2231]. We also show that multi-transitivity, ${\rm\Delta}$-transitivity and multi-minimality can be characterized by ${\mathcal{F}}$-point transitivity, answering two questions proposed by Kwietniak and Oprocha [On weak mixing, minimality and weak disjointness of all iterates. Ergod. Th. & Dynam. Sys. 32 (2012), 1661–1672].
Quiet auroral arcs and electrodynamic coupling between the ionosphere and the magnetosphere, 2

The auroral arc model of Sato and Holzer (1973) (this issue) is extended and applied to the real auroral ionosphere-magnetosphere system. A discussion is presented of the model's predictions regarding electric fields in and near quiet arcs, the spacing of multiple arcs, the latitudinal conjugacy of quiet arcs, the location of quiet arcs, and the current system (field aligned and cross field) associated with quiet arcs. These predictions are then compared with relevant observations, and it is found that the model is reasonably consistent with existing observational data.
Split Injectivity of A-Theoretic Assembly Maps

We construct an equivariant coarse homology theory arising from the algebraic $K$-theory of spherical group rings and use this theory to derive split injectivity results for associated assembly maps. On the way, we prove that the fundamental structural theorems for Waldhausen’s algebraic $K$-theory functor carry over to its nonconnective counterpart defined by Blumberg–Gepner–Tabuada.
Detection of the Mid-Infrared Unidentified Bands in the Diffuse Galactic Emission by IRTS

This letter presents the first results of the mid-infrared spectrum (4.5-11.7 /zm) of the diffuse emission near to the galactic plane (I ~ 50°; |ò| < 5°) obtained by the mid-infrared spectrometer on board the Infrared Telescope in Space mission. The results clearly demonstrate the presence of unidentified infrared emission (UIR) bands at 6.2, 7.7, 8.6, and 11.3 /zm in the diffuse galactic emission. The distribution of the UIR bands correlates well with the IRAS 100 jum map, suggesting that the UIR-band emitting material is well mixed with the classical dust grains in general interstellar space. The present results indicate that more than 70% of the IRAS 12 /im flux diffuse emission is emitted in the spectral range 8-11.7 /im, and that most of the 12 /im excess comes from the features associated with the UIR bands.
Spectral stability and semiclassical measures for renormalized KAM systems

An exact semiclassical version of the classical KAM theorem about small perturbations of vector fields on the torus is given. Moreover, a renormalization theorem based on counterterms for some semiclassical systems that are close to being completely integrable is obtained. We apply these results to characterize the sets of semiclassical measures and quantum limits for sequences of L2-eigenfunctions of these systems.
Genus Integration, Abelianization, and Extended Monodromy

Given a Lie algebroid we discuss the existence of a smooth abelian integration of its abelianization. We show that the obstructions are related to the extended monodromy groups introduced recently in [9]. We also show that this groupoid can be obtained by a path-space construction, similar to the Weinstein groupoid of [6], but where the underlying homotopies are now supported in surfaces with arbitrary genus. As an application, we show that the prequantization condition for a (possibly non-simply connected) manifold is equivalent to the smoothness of an abelian integration. Our results can be interpreted as a generalization of the classical Hurewicz theorem.
A century of variations in extreme flow across Finnish rivers

River flow in cold climates is known to be one of the hydrological systems most affected by climate change, playing a central role in the sustainability of downstream socio-ecological systems. Numerous studies on the temporal and spatial variations of streamflow characteristics have been done, and a comprehensive study on the variation of hydrologic extremes is becoming increasingly important. This study evaluated the long-running changes in the magnitude, time, and inter-annual variability of hydrologic extremes, including high and low flow in 16 major Finnish rivers. We applied four new hydrologic extreme indices for summer–winter low flow ratio, spring-absolute high flow ratio, time-to-peak index, and increasing rate index during the snowmelt period to analyze the spatiotemporal variations of extreme streamflow from 1911 to 2020. The most detected trends in flow regimes have started in the last six decades and become more severe from 1991 to 2020, which is likely to be dominated by anthropogenic global warming. The results also indicated that alteration of low pulses in most rivers was associated with an increase (decrease) in winter (summer) flows, suggesting the annual minimum flow in summer frequently contradicts natural hydrologic regimes in Arctic rivers. Southern Finland has experienced higher variations in extreme hydrology over the last century. A new low flow regime was detected for southern rivers, characterized by frequent annual minimum flow in summer instead of winter. Moreover, the annual maximum flow before/after spring dictated a new high-flow regime characterized by frequent double peak flows in this region.
Infinite arc-transitive and highly-arc-transitive digraphs

A detailed description of the structure of two-ended arc-transitive digraphs is given. It is also shown that several sets of conditions, involving such concepts as Property Z, local quasi-primitivity and prime out-valency, imply that an arc-transitive digraph must be highly-arctransitive. These are then applied to give a complete classification of two-ended highly-arc-transitive digraphs with prime inand out-
Doxorubicin-induced Toxicity Through the p38 MAPK Protein Kinase Pathway

While exhibiting great value in treating multiple cancers, the chemotherapy drug, Doxorubicin, also manifests many side effects that significantly affect the post-chemotherapy life of patients. In the cardiac system, Doxorubicin causes oxidative stress due to increasing amount of Reactive oxygen species (ROS), and it promotes production of inflammatory cytokines. Oxidative stress and inflammatory cytokines then activate p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK), which can stimulate cardiomyocyte apoptosis. In the nervous system, Doxorubicin activates both extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and p38 MAPK. p38 MAPK predominately determines the result, leading to an overall reduction in Long-term Potentiation (LTP), or an analogous process of Long-term Facilitation (LTF). Moreover, neuroinflammatory effect achieved through the p38 MAPK pathway contributes to memory deficits by killing neurons excessively. Various inhibitors of p38 MAPK have shown promising results in lessening the effects of p38 MAPK, indicating future possibilities of using those inhibitors to ensure a safer application of Doxorubicin, while preserving the pharmacological values and properties of Doxorubicin.
Ram-Scram Transition and Flame/Shock-Train Interactions in a Model Scramjet Experiment

The behavior of a ram-scram transition was examined using a direct-connect model scramjet experiment along with pressure measurements and high-speed laser interferometry. The work quantifies the sudden change in the wall static pressure profile and flame position that occurs as the downstream boundary condition abruptly changes when the flow becomes unchoked. Transition was studied in three ways; as a quasi-steady phenomenon due to slow decreases in fuel flow rate, or as caused by rapid variations in either fuel flow rate or test-section wall temperature. A regime diagram was constructed that plots the measured ram-scram transition boundary. Under certain conditions some periodic low-frequency oscillations of the flame position occur and they are shown to be correlated with oscillations of the upstream precombustion pseudoshock. A self-sustaining shear-layer instability, associated with the flameholding cavity, is believed to be the mechanism causing this behavior. The relevant time scales associated with.
Common diseases of sheep (Ovis aries Linnaeus) and goats (Capra aegagrus hircus) in Jordan: A retrospective study (2015–2021)

Background: Despite major efforts that have been undertaken to improve livestock health and productivity in Jordan, infectious and non-infectious diseases continue to cause significant economic losses. Aim: The objective of this study was to report the most common diseases (infectious and non-infectious) affecting sheep (Ovis aries Linnaeus) and goats (Capra aegagrus hircus) in Jordan. Methods: Data related to sheep and goats presented for clinical evaluation to the Veterinary Health Center of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine at Jordan University of Science and Technology between January 2015 and December 2021 extracted from the case medical records were used in this study. The data were entered into Microsoft Excel spreadsheets and descriptive analysis was performed to report the frequencies, averages, and range values. The data were categorized according to sex (female vs male), body system involved in the disease process, nature of the disease process (infectious vs non-infectious), and age [pre-weaning (less than 2 months of age), 2 months to 1 year, and older than 1 year]. Significant differences between different groups were determined using an independent t-test. Results: Medical records of 187 goats and 434 sheep were included in the analysis of this study. Females were significantly more represented in the study population for goats and sheep, 87.70% and 84.10%, respectively. The age of animals ranged between 1 day and 9 years in goats and 1 day and 7 years in sheep. In both goats and sheep, a significant number of cases (p ≤ 0.05) were presented with reproductive (28.42% and 29.49%, respectively) and gastrointestinal diseases (20.52% and 25.11%, respectively). In goats, other disease diagnoses were involving the respiratory (10.52%), udder/teat (11.05%), and metabolic systems (10.00%). In sheep, other disease diagnoses were involving multiple systems (8.98%), respiratory (7.60%), metabolic (6.22%), udder/teat (5.99%), and the nervous system (5.06%). Conclusion: Results of this study provide a list of the most likely differential diagnoses in different age groups of both sexes in goats and sheep in Jordan. This information could be used by veterinarians as well as policymakers in order to formulate and implement appropriate and effective preventive and control measures against common diseases in goats and sheep.
Seismic Data Reconstruction Based on Back-Projection Fidelity and Regularization by Denoising Convolutional Neural Network

In this article, we develop a novel reconstruction method that uses sophisticated denoising priors to recover the missing seismic data. First, we construct a regularization item defined by a denoising convolutional neural network (DCNN) and combine it with back-projection fidelity to formulate a novel model for reconstructing missing seismic data. This model incorporates the advantages of regularization by DCNN and back-projection fidelity, which can employ the deep denoising priors learned by the integrated DCNN to obtain excellent reconstruction results with less iterative optimization. Next, we design and deduce an efficient iterative algorithm to minimize the formulated reconstruction model. Concretely, we separate the fidelity and regularization items in the formulated model by employing a generalized approximate message passing strategy, forming a bipartite graph consisting of output and input nodes. Following the first-order necessary condition, we then derive the closed-form solution of each message variable subordinated to the output and input nodes in the bipartite graph, thus resulting in an iterative procedure with multimessage nested passing. Finally, we conduct tests on the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed algorithm using three datasets. All results prove that the developed method has faster reconstruction efficiency while obtaining higher reconstruction quality in comparison with the conventional sparsity-promoting reconstruction methods.
Detection of strong carbon monoxide emission from the host galaxy of the quasar I Zw 1

The radio-quiet quasar I Zw 1 has been observed in the J = 1-0 and J = 2-1 lines of CO and clear detections in both transitions have been obtained. The J = 1-0 appears much more luminous than the J = 2-1 line. If the CO is optically thick and thermalized, the emission must originate through the host galaxy's disk. This is substantiated by the CO profile shape. A plot of CO luminosity versus far-IR luminosity supports the hypothesis that the far-IR emission in I Zw 1 is thermal. The results indicate that the far-IR may be dominated by dust emission. 33 references.