Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A NEW SPEED MULTIPLIER COAXIAL MAGNETIC GEAR

Due to certain conditions, electrical motor (EM) that operates at high speed may lead to magnetic saturation, thermal issue, and stress to rotor structure. Magnetic gear (MG) designed for speed multiplier enables the prime mover from EM to operate at lower speed while the output gear multiplies the speed by its designated gear ratio at reduced torque. In this paper, a new coaxial magnetic gear is designed for speed multiplier. The role between inner yoke with PM and pole piece is switched. The inner part of magnetic gear is made to be stationary while the pole piece becomes inner rotor. The working principle is presented analytically based on flux modulation techniques for torque and speed transmission. Torque characteristic and gear efficiency are analysed using finite element and compared with existing speed multiplier magnetic gear with the same gear ratio of 7/3. Based on the simulation result, the proposed speed multiplier MG offers 16% better torque density and 12% higher gear efficiency at higher speed range. The structure of the inner rotor is also found to be more robust as only pole piece ring together with plastic holding frame is rotated instead of yoke with PM.
Cash Transfers and Micro-Enterprise Performance: Theory and Quasi-Experimental Evidence from Kenya

Theoretically, the effect of household cash transfers depends on how businesses respond to the demand shock and on the resulting effect on prices. Such market effects have been largely overlooked in the literature, which mostly focuses on direct impacts on households. We study the impact of a household cash transfer program on retail businesses operating in two refugee sites in Kenya. Refugees receive a monthly mobile money transfer that can only be spent at licensed businesses. We compare licensed and unlicensed businesses, using matching methods to control for all variables considered in the licensing process. We show that licensed businesses- have much higher revenues and profits and charge higher prices than unlicensed businesses. The cash transfer program created a parallel retail market in which a limited number of businesses enjoy high market power. We identify a series of market imperfections explaining the results.
Role of rift-inheritance and segmentation for orogenic evolution: example from the Pyrenean-Cantabrian system

The Basque-Cantabrian junction corresponds to an inverted rift accommodation zone at the limit between the former hyperextended Pyrenean and Cantabrian rift segments. The recognition of an inherited rift segment boundary allows to investigate the reactivation associated with large-scale rift segmentation in an orogenic system. We use criteria from published field observations and seismic data to propose a new map of rift domains for the Basque-Cantabrian junction. We also provide balanced cross-sections that allow to define the along-strike architecture associated with segmentation during rifting and subsequent Alpine reactivation. Based on these results, this study aims to characterize and identify reactivated and newly formed structures during inversion of two rift segments and its intermitted segment boundary. It also aims to describe the timing of thin-skinned and thick-skinned deformation associated with the inversion of segmented rift systems. During convergence, two phases have been recognized within the rift segment (eastern Mauléon basin). The Late Cretaceous to Paleocene underthrusting/subduction phase was mostly governed by thin-skinned deformation that reactivated the former hyperextended domains and the supra-salt sedimentary cover. The Eocene to Miocene collisional phase, controlled by thick-skinned deformation that took place once necking domains collided and formed an orogenic wedge. At the rift segment boundary, the underthrusting/subduction phase was already controlled by thick-skinned deformation due to the formation of shortcutting thrust faults at the termination of overlapping V-shaped rift segments. This led to the formation of a proto-wedge composed of the Basque massifs. We suggest that this proto-wedge is responsible for the preservation of pre-Alpine structures in the Basque massifs and for the emplacement of subcontinental mantle rocks at a crustal level beneath the western Mauléon basin. These results argue for a first order cylindrical orogenic architecture from the Central Pyrenean segment to the Cantabrian segment (up to the Santander transfer zone) despite rift segmentation. They also highlight the control of 3D rift-inheritance for the initial phase of orogenic evolution and for the local architecture of mountain belts.
A 66-fs-rms Jitter 12.8-to-15.2-GHz Fractional-N Bang–Bang PLL With Digital Frequency-Error Recovery for Fast Locking

This article presents a fractional-<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${N}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> frequency synthesizer architecture that is able to overcome the limitations of conventional bang–bang phase-locked loops. A digital frequency-error recovery technique is introduced to enable fast lock, at no significant power or circuit overhead. A digital-to-time converter design with reduced static and dynamic nonlinearity is proposed, which allows for low-jitter and low-spur fractional-<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${N}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> operation. The phase-locked loop (PLL), implemented in a standard 28-nm CMOS process, occupies a core area of 0.17 mm<sup>2</sup>. It covers a 1-GHz hop to within 70 ppm of the steady-state frequency value in 18.55 <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mu \text{s}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>. The prototype achieves an rms-jitter (integrated from 1 kHz to 100 MHz) of 66.20 and 58.96 fs, in the fractional-<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${N}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> and integer-<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${N}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> modes, respectively. The worst-case in-band fractional spur is at −61 dBc. The total power consumption is 19.8 mW, which leads to a jitter-power figure-of-merit of −250.6 dB for the fractional-<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${N}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> channels.
Barriers to the use of dental services by children in Lebanon and association with parental perception of oral health care.

Background Oral health is important to general health but use of dental services varies considerably, particularly for children. Aims We aimed to determine factors associated with parents' use of dental services for their children in Lebanon, and their perception of dental care relative to medical care. Methods A convenience sample of public and private schools in Beirut was selected between January and May 2013. Parents of children in grades 2-6 (aged 7-12 years) were invited to complete a questionnaire covering socioeconomic characteristics and use of dental services. Logistic regression analysis was used to assess the relationship between use of dental services, and parents' socioeconomic characteristics and awareness and perceptions of dental services. Results The parents of 316 children returned the questionnaire. Most children (72.8%) had been taken to the dentist in the past year, mainly for emergency care. Most parents (78.2%) considered dental care as important as or more important than medical care, and 89.9% were willing to contribute to dental insurance. Use of dental services was significantly associated with: older age of the parent (odds ratio, OR = 1.04; 95% confidence interval, CI: 1.02-1.06); awareness of dental care centres offering affordable treatment (OR = 3.18; 95% CI: 1.52-6.68); and children being in private schools (OR = 2.00, 95% CI: 1.08-3.95). It was negatively associated with > 4 children in the family compared with 1 child (OR = 0.18; 95% CI: 0.04-0.81). Conclusion Barriers to dental care for children were mostly related to economic factors.
Analysis of the Efficiency of Tertiary Education Expenditure in European Union Member States from Central and Eastern Europe: An Efficiency Frontier Approach

The main purpose of this paper is to test the efficiency of tertiary education ex-penditure in European Union Member States from Central and Eastern Europe, in comparative terms, through the application of an efficiency frontier approach (Data Envelopment Analysis). The results from the study conducted show that the most efficient country with respect to tertiary education expenditure is Romania, followed by the Czech Republic, Lithuania and Slovenia. Estonia and Bulgaria are classified as the most inefficient countries in terms of tertiary education expenditure, with the largest deviation from the efficiency frontier, even though investment in the field is relatively high.
Change of antlers morpho-metric parameters and total trophy score in roe deer (Capreolus capreolus L.) in relation to age

The aim of this study was to determine the change in the value of morpho-metric parameters of antlers and the total trophy score in relation to the age of roe deer (Capreolus capreolus L.). The study was conducted on 228 roe deer trophies from the "Barajevska reka" hunting ground in Serbia, aged one to seven years. From the second to the fourth year, the growth of antlers was the most intense, and the differences compared to one year old animals were significant (P <0.001). The highest average length of the branches was monitored in six years old animals (22.4 ? 2.05 cm), with significant differences (P <0.001) compared to younger animals, except for the three years old animals (P>0.05). From the second to the fifth year, a gradual increase in antler weight (from 192.2 ? 30.41 g to 221.9 ? 61.86 g) and antler volume (from 74 cm3 to 90 cm3) was observed, with the highest values of antler weight (291.8 ? 58.43 g and 319.1 ? 98.89 g, respectively) and antler volume (123.8 cm3 and 121.2 cm3) in six and seven year old animals. Overall trophy scores increased from year one to year seven (42.6 ? 7.86 vs 97.4 ? 27.40), with differences in trophy scores for animals aged six and seven years significantly greater than for animals aged one to five years (P <0.001). The highest quality antlers have six and seven year olds, at which time their hunting should be conducted.
MTrack: Tracking Multiperson Moving Trajectories and Vital Signs With Radio Signals

In this article, we propose a human sensing system with radio signals, MTrack, for in-home healthcare, which is capable of tracking the trajectories of moving persons and vital signs of static persons under the multiperson scenarios. To achieve this, we implement a multiantenna wideband system that can provide high-resolution Angle of Arrival (AoA) and Time of Flight (ToF). A 2-D beamformer is utilized to transform the raw radio signals into the AoA–ToF domain. To track the trajectories of moving persons, we leverage the movement of persons to cancel static multipaths and propose a path selection algorithm to estimate the locations of human and suppress the interferences from dynamic multipaths. To track the vital signs of static persons, we utilize the breath of static persons to eliminate static multipaths and propose a correlation-based algorithm to eliminate dynamic multipaths. Extensive experiments show that the proposed MTrack system is capable of tracking multiple moving persons with subdecimeter level accuracy, and can estimate the breath and heartbeat rate of static persons with the median accuracy of 99.8% and 98.46%, respectively.
A Sleep Apnea Detection Method Based on Unsupervised Feature Learning and Single-Lead Electrocardiogram

Sleep apnea (SA) is a harmful respiratory disorder that has caused widespread concern around the world. Considering that electrocardiogram (ECG)-based SA diagnostic methods were effective and human-friendly, many machine learning or deep learning methods based on ECG have been proposed by prior works. However, these methods are based on feature engineering or supervised and semisupervised learning techniques, and the feature sets are always incomplete, subjective, and highly dependent on labeled data. In addition, some related studies ignored the data imbalance problem which leads to poor performance of classifier on minority classes. In this study, an SA detection model based on frequential stacked sparse auto-encoder (FSSAE) and time-dependent cost-sensitive (TDCS) classification model was proposed. The FSSAE extracts feature set automatically with unsupervised learning technique, and the TDCS classification model is proposed by combining the hidden Markov model (HMM) and the MetaCost algorithm to improve the performance of the classifier by considering temporal dependence and the imbalance problem. In the test set, the result of per-segment classification achieved 85.1%, 86.2%, and 84.4% for accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity, respectively, proving that our method is helpful for SA detection.
Accounting Curriculum in the Digital Era: Suggestions for Preparing Botswana’s Tertiary Accounting Graduates

The research is financed by BA ISAGO University, P.Bag BR94, Gaborone, Botswana Abstract Some educational institutions’ might not have developed curricula that are in line with digital technology for future accounting professionals (Islam, 2017). It is imperative that tertiary institutions in Botswana should prudently consider developing or incorporating new learning outcomes and competencies in accounting curricula against digital technological changes when preparing accounting graduates for the industry. Secondary and desktop research was engaged through intensive reports from large global and regional Professional Accounting Organisations (PAOs) such as ACCA, CIMA, BICA, SAICA, AAT and ICAEW which consulted with their various international stakeholders and the industry towards future accountants’ skills and competencies. These are mostly government-sponsored professional qualifications in Botswana except for ICAEW and SAICA which will balance as additional international and regional PAOs. More research was also sought from journals, publications, discussion and opinion papers as well as newspapers in order to collate the digital and technological competencies that are suggested. This paper therefore seeks to alert the Botswana educational curriculum developers to consider and incorporate new technologies that will prepare Botswana for dynamic, world-class and competitive accounting graduates in tertiary institutions towards the changing accounting profession. The findings showed that the accounting profession’s digital skills gap can be closed by incorporating cloud computing, big data, eXtensible Business Reporting (XBRL), artificial intelligence, machine learning and similar in Botswana accounting graduates’ curriculum. Keywords: Accounting, change, curriculum, digital, education, graduate, technology, PAOs, profession DOI: 10.7176/RJFA/11-16-02 Publication date: August 31 st 2020
Investigating occupant’s thermal disposition in mixed-mode offices: A field study on thermal comfort in a Brazilian subtropical climate

In this work, -mode offices. Thermal -assessment of his/her own thermal sensitivity. Classic field studies on thermal comfort were conducted in mixed-mode offices located in the city of Florianópolis (Brazil). Occupants manually controlled the mixed-mode strategy through the operation of both operable windows and unitary air-conditioning system for cooling. Occupants were asked to assess their thermal perception through a questionnaire while air temperature, globe temperature, air velocity and relative humidity were measured in disposition was also investigated according to gender, age, body mass index and prior exposure to airconditioning in relation to thermal discomfort. More than two thousand seven hundred questionnaires were collected during the field campaign that took a year. Results indicated that there is an agreement between thermal sensation and thermal disposition, i.e., occupants that are more sensitive to heat presented a higher thermal sensation under equivalent thermal conditions and vice-versa. Results from this study have shown an interesting way of categorising occupants according to their thermal disposition, which could be used to improve the design of personalised conditioning systems.
Regulation of Pro-Apoptotic Bax and Trail Gene Expressions by H5N1 in Madin-Darby Canine Kidney (Mdck) Cell Line

Avian influenza virus (AIV) A H5N1 is able to cause zoonosis with high morbidity and mortality. Several studies suggested the regulation of cellular apoptosis for virus survival by influenza viruses. This sheds light on the development of antivirals that can improve cellular apoptosis to fight influenza infections. This study aimed to investigate the regulation of pro-apoptotic gene expressions by H5N1 in MDCK cells. The H5N1 infection (102.67TCID50/ml) was performed for 8, 24, 48, 72, 96 and 120 hours. Upon incubation, the percentage of cell death, DNA fragmentation and pro-apoptotic gene expressions i.e. Bax, TRAIL, Caspase 3 (Cas3) and 8 (Cas8), and Fas-ligand (FasL) were determined. The degree of DNA laddering and pro-apoptotic gene expressions were determined on agarose gels. The results indicated that severe cytopathic effects (CPE) caused by H5N1 appeared as early as 24 hour post-infection (hpi) meanwhile a significant cell death was observed starting at 48 hpi. However, DNA laddering was not observed in both of the control and infected DNA samples. Downregulation of Bax gene expression was recorded at 24 -72 hpi and a total suppression was observed at 96 and 120 hpi. Similarly, a significant decrease in the TRAIL gene expression was observed at 48-120 hpi. On the contrary, the expressions of Cas3, Cas8 and FasL genes were not detected in the mock and infected samples. Conclusively, this study suggested that H5N1 might downregulate cellular apoptosis prematurely for viral survival which can be a target cellular mechanism for newly developed antivirals to combat H5N1 infections
A Novel Sparse Geometric 3-D LiDAR Odometry Approach

Localization is a fundamental prerequisite, no matter whether a single robot or multirobot system, where light detection and ranging (LiDAR) odometry has attracted great interest with accurate depth information and robustness to illumination variations. In this article, a novel 3-D LiDAR odometry approach based on sparse geometric information is proposed. Different from geometric map-based 3-D LiDAR odometry methods with point features, we concern significant line and plane features based on eigenvalues of neighboring points. Furthermore, line-to-line and plane-to-plane associations instead of point-to-line and point-to-plane associations are adopted, and the problem of high computation complexity for scan-to-map matching module caused by point feature is solved. The proposed approach can not only guarantee the accuracy of pose estimation but also reduce computation complexity. Experiments on the public KITTI dataset and an outdoor scenario demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach in terms of accuracy and efficiency.
PENTAGONAL SHAPED UWB ANTENNA LOADED WITH SLOT AND EBG STRUCTURE FOR DUAL BAND NOTCHED RESPONSE

In this paper, a planar, compact, and low cost printed microstrip line fed pentagon-shaped ultra-wideband antenna offering dual band notched characteristics response is proposed and investigated. By introducing modified V-shaped slots in the pentagonal patch and hexagonal electromagnetic band gap structures near the feedline, dual band notched response can be realized. The proposed antenna is successfully simulated, designed, and fabricated on an FR-4 substrate. The measured results show that the proposed antenna having dimensions of 35×33×1.6 mm3 has a bandwidth over the frequency band 2.7–10.6 GHz with magnitude of S11 ≤ −10 dB (VSWR ≤ 2), except 3.7–4.6 GHz (C-band Satellite Communication) and 5.16–6.08 GHz (WLAN) frequency bands. The presented antennas show small group delay variation, nearly omnidirectional radiation pattern and stable gain at working frequencies. Satisfactory results have been obtained in frequency and time-domain analysis of the proposed antenna. The formulation of the center frequency of dual notched frequency band is also proposed.
The unequal distribution of household carbon footprints in Europe and its link to sustainability

Non-technical summary The distribution of household carbon footprints is largely unequal within and across countries. Here, we explore household-level consumption data to illustrate the distribution of carbon footprints and consumption within 26 European Union countries, regions and social groups. The analysis further sheds light on the relationships between carbon footprints and socially desirable outcomes such as income, equality, education, nutrition, sanitation, employment and adequate living conditions. Technical summary We need a good understanding of household carbon distributions in order to design equitable carbon policy. In this work, we analyse household-level consumer expenditure from 26 European Union (EU) countries and link it with greenhouse gas (GHG) intensities from the multiregional input–output database EXIOBASE. We show carbon footprint distributions and elasticities by country, region and socio-economic group in the context of per capita climate targets. The top 10% of the population with the highest carbon footprints per capita account for 27% of the EU carbon footprint, a higher contribution to that of the bottom 50% of the population. The top 1% of EU households have a carbon footprint of 55 tCO2eq/cap. The most significant contribution is from air and land transport, with 41% and 21% among the top 1% of EU households. Air transport has a rising elasticity coefficient across EU expenditure quintiles, making it the most elastic, unequal and carbon-intensive consumption category in this study. Only 5% of EU households live within climate targets, with carbon footprints below 2.5 tCO2eq/cap. Our analysis points to the possibility of mitigating climate change while achieving various well-being outcomes. Further attention is needed to limit trade-offs between climate change mitigation and socially desirable outcomes. Social media summary EU top 1% of households emit 22 times the per capita climate targets. Only 5% of EU households live within the targets.
Does cover crop grazing damage soils and reduce crop yields?

Cover crop (CC) grazing can be a potential strategy to support livestock and crop production while enhancing soil ecosystem services, but research on this potential multi-functionality of CCs is limited. We assessed 3-yr cereal rye ( Secale cereale L.) CC grazing impacts on soil compaction, structure, water infiltration, fertility, and crop yields on an on-farm irrigated strip-till continuous corn ( Zea mays L.) silage experiment on a sandy loam with < 1% slope in west-central Nebraska. Treatments were: (a) non-grazed CC, (b) grazed CC, and (c) no CC. Across the 3 yr, cattle grazed CCs at 5.9 AUM ha − 1 with grazing occurring over a 4-mo period during winter and/or spring, depending on the year. We measured soil properties within 5 d after grazing ended in spring before tilling and planting corn. Cattle grazing resulted in a 92% decrease of CC biomass, compared with non-grazed CCs. Grazing did not affect soil penetration resistance (com-paction parameter), bulk density, aggregate stability, pH, and concentration of organic matter and nutrients except in the 2nd yr where it reduced cumulative infiltration by 80% and increased penetration resistance from 1.23 to 1.72 MPa but such increase was below root growth thresholds ( < 2 MPa). Cover crop grazing had no negative effect on corn silage yields although data were variable. Overall, CC grazing for 3 yr had small and variable effects on soils and crop yields, indicating that it can be a management option to support livestock production but more long-term data from different tillage and cropping systems, and climates are needed to further understand CC grazing implications.