Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Investigating added value of improved DEM, river geometry, and model parameter definitions on flood inundation mapping

Digital Elevation Model (DEM) constitutes an essential topographic dataset, which have been used to derive hydrological features forming inputs to various models. Elevation datasets are available from several major sources (remote sensing and land survey-based techniques) and at different spatial resolutions. In particular, the resolution of DEM plays an important role in securing the expected accuracy of flood plain inundation maps as one of the major determinants. In general, most of floodplain inundation maps are created using high resolution topographic datasets such as the DEMs derived from Light Detection and Ranging data. Although these datasets provide high accuracy (1.5 m grid size), they are relatively more expensive and not fully available in Turkey covering greater areas. Therefore, coarser topographic datasets with less accuracy are used to create the floodplain inundation maps. This study applied a methodology framework in order to determine and quantify the "loss of attribute" issue when reducing the resolution of DEM as well as to understand the impact of changing DEM resolution on the floodplain hydraulic model outputs. In the study, HEC-RAS was used for the Iyidere Basin and the results clearly indicated that varying the resolution of DEMs would make significant impacts on both the depth and the extent characteristics observed in the corresponding floodplain for the river.
Clinical observation of icotinib hydrochloride in the treatment of advanced non-small cell lung cancer

Objective To investigate the efficacy and side effect of icotinib hydrochloride in treatment of advanced non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC). Methods Fifteen patients with advanced NSCLC were treated with icotinib hydrochloride(125mg,tid,4 weeks / cycle). The efficacy was evaluated by RECIST 1.1 every two cycles.The patients achieving CR,PR or SD continued the treatment with assessment once every two cycles until progression or intolerance.The improvement rates of symptoms and PS score,occurrence of side effects and drug resistance were investigated.Results One patient out of the total 15 patients died and 14 patients were evaluable for efficacy.One CR,5 PR,5 SD and 3 PD were observed after the first cycle with the response rate of 42.9% and disease control rates of 78.6%. The symptom remission rate was 87.5% with symptom remission time ranging from 3 hours to 14 days.The improvement rate of PS score was 45.4%. Rapid drug resistance occured in 4 patients(36.4%). The main side effect observed was grade 1 leukopenia in 2 patients.Conclusion Icotinib hydrochloride in the treatment of advanced NSCLC may have good efficacy and less toxicity.However,a few patients got resistance in a short time,which is worth of discussion.
Runaway electrons and x-ray emission in air and other gases during discharges with long rise time of voltage pulses

The objective of the work is to study effect of the rise time of voltage pulses ranged from 15 ns to 1.5 μs on generation of runaway electron beams and X-ray radiation in nonuniform electric field. Three setups and different pressures of air, nitrogen, argon and helium were used. The experiments on the setup #1 have confirm that there are different regimes of generation of runaway electrons and X-ray emission when voltage pulses with a long front duration are used. When voltage pulse amplitude reached 150 kV at a pulse rise time of 1.5 μs, the new results was obtained on the setup #3. At this setup, a runaway electron beam was registered by a collector in argon, air, and nitrogen at pressures up to ≈ 12.5 kPa. When using helium, a supershort avalanches electron beam (SAEB) was obtained at a pressure of 100 kPa.
Chimney and condensing tower detection based on FPN in high resolution remote sensing images

The frequent hazy weather in North China has drawn people's attention. The anthropogenic emission by fossil fuel power plants is one of the main pollution resource, so the environmental protection administration need to monitor power plants. Thus, a power plant detection system is needed to locate power plants and judge their working status. In this paper, we propose a power plant monitoring framework based on Feature Pyramid Network (FPN) to automatically detect the chimneys and condensing towers of the power plants and judge their working status in high resolution remote sensing images (RSIs). We improve the original FPN by changing the number of layers and scales of feature pyramid to get better performance. Experimental results show that our improved FPN framework can effectively detect the chimneys and condensing towers of fossil-fuel power plants and judge their working status with mean average precision up-to 0.8591, showing good potential for power plant monitoring.
Breast surface variation phase map analysis with digital fringe projection

Breast carcinoma has become one of the most frequently diagnosed life threatening cancer among women. Early detection of breast cancer is highly essential with the aid of non-contact imaging modalities. Recently, non-contact breast imaging methods based on fringe projection has been developed for breast surface change inspection. In this work, a non-contact digital fringe projection imaging modality that utilizes phase shifting fringe patterns for identifying surface changes has been developed for investigating breast surface changes caused by the presence of tumors. A medical grade prosthetic breast was used as the experimental subject and subjugated to breast changes through the enlargement of a round shaped silicon catheter as a tumor. The fringes were projected onto the breast surface based on the three steps phase shift fringe projection. The fringe patterns consisted of a large fringe width to enable the breast image to be confined in fewer fringe patterns. A resulting phase map was obtained where pixel coordinate marking was conducted on the phase map breast image. Each of the pixel’s coordinate was compared to identify the location of the surface changes. A range of 2-9 pixel coordinate shifts from the 0.5 – 2 cm tumor growth were obtained from the results which demonstrated the capability of using phase map analysis from digital fringe projection in identifying surface changes of the women’s breast.
Electronic, optical properties, and effective masses of AlxGa1−xAs and InyGa1−yAs based on the first principle

The band structure, density of states, optical properties, effective masses and loss function of AlxGa1−xAs and InyGa1−yAs were performed by the first-principles method within the local density approximation. The calculated direct band gap of the AlAs, Al0.5Ga0. 5As, GaAs, In0.5Ga0. 5As and InAs were 1.608 eV, 1.34eV, 1.02eV, 0.646eV and 0.316eV at G point, which were direct bandgap semiconductor materials. In addition, dielectric functions, the absorption function, refractive index, loss function and effective mass were analyzed in detail. The effective masses of AlxGa1−xAs and InyGa1−yAs were small, so they have high carrier mobility. These results make them to be promising candidates for future electronics.
Peramivir: A New Drug for Influenza

On June 11, 2009, the World Health Organization declared the first influenza pandemic in more than 40 years. In less than 2 months, the novel 2009 H1N1 influenza A virus had spread from Mexico and the United States to many other countries of the world. Oseltamavir and zanamivir have been used to treat hospitalized and at-risk patients infected with 2009 H1N1 influenza A infection. On October 23, 2009, the Food and Drug Administration issued and Emergency Use Administration for peramivir, an unapproved neuraminidase inhibitor, allowing the drug to be administered to adult and pediatric patients with suspected or confirmed cases of H1N1 influenza A virus. Patients had to have either a refractory case and/or could not tolerate oral or inhaled antiviral medications. This article will review the mode of action, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, clinical effectiveness, adverse events, and resistance pattern of peramivir and will summarize the Emergency Use Administration issued by the Food and Drug Administration.
Landscape changes at Chernobyl

Thirty-three years ago, an accident at the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant released huge amounts of radioactive materials like cesium, strontium and plutonium into the atmosphere, which spread over a vast area. It is known that its effects can cause damage do the DNA of living beings, leading to death or altered fitness of the biota, but the effects of land abandonment under such conditions are not, as the vicinities of the power plant were permanently evacuated. Thus, the objective of this study was to analyze the state of primary production of the vegetation in the Chernobyl Exclusion Zone after the accident, comparing with its previous state. Through Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and radiation measurements, the relationship between these variables was assessed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and Generalized Additive Models (GAM), to understand how the vegetation responded to the radiation exposure. The data considered was Landsat satellite imagery and sampled areas registered on the field. The results show that the NDVI increased over the years after the accident and that it is independent of the current radiation measured. This suggests that to some level of radiation exposure, the positive effects of land abandonment and/or the negative effects of radiation on abundance of herbivore species surpass the long term negative effects of radiation exposure on the vegetation. Nonetheless, above some radiation threshold level, primary production is expected to be negatively affected.
Descriptive Study of Economic Behavior of General Practitioners in Iran: Practice Income, Hours of Work, and Patient Visits

Background: Although there is a critical need for information on economic performance of Iranian general practitioners (GPs) in health policymaking, there is not any scientific evidence in this area. Therefore, in the present report, the characteristics of economic behaviors of Iranian GPs were described. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study in 2015, in which the data were collected from 666 GPs. The variables including monthly gross income, hours of work, and patient visits were studied as the measures of economic behavior of GPs. Descriptive statistics, t-test, and Analysis of Variance were used for analyzing the data. The statistical analysis was performed by STATA12. Results: The annual income of the GPs understudy was 26,000 US dollar (USD) (82,680 purchasing power parity [PPP]). The ratio of this value to gross domestic product per capita and minimum wage of Iran in 2015 was 4.8 and 9.2, respectively. On average, every GP in Iran has an income of 2188.1 USD (6958.16 PPP), works 142 h, and visits an average of 494 patients/month. The results showed that the economic behavior of Iranian GPs has a significant difference in terms of gender, age, marital status, practice experience, practice location, type of practice, being a family physicians, and working in different settings (P < 0.05). Conclusions: The Iranian GPs understudy work less than their counterparts in other (compared) countries. The studied GPs had a higher income (adjusted by hours of work and countries' per capita income) than their counterparts in other (studied) countries. Moreover, there are inequalities between GPs in terms of income, the volume of services provided and the work hours.
Epilepsy Surgery in Children Under Three Years of Age

Researchers from the University Medical Centre Schleswig-Holstein, Epilepsy Centre Kork, University of Freiburg, University Children’s Hospital Heidelberg, Goethe University, and University Children’s Hospital Zürich conducted a study to evaluate seizure occurrence and cognitive development following epilepsy surgery in children under 3 years of age.
Correlating Radiographic Fractal Analysis at Implant Recipient Sites with Primary Implant Stability: An In Vivo Preliminary Study

Objectives The aim of this study was to demonstrate a possible correlation between radiographic trabecular bone quantified with fractal dimensions analysis and values of primary implant stability deliberated using the Osstell® monitor (Integration Diagnostics AB, Goteborgsvagen, Sweden) with the density of bone specimens harvested from the implant recipient sites and calculated using the mass and volume of the bone bloc specimens. Material and methods Fifty implants of the same brand, diameter, and length were inserted with the same surgical procedures; 25 implants in the molar premolar region of the maxilla and 25 implants in the mandibular posterior region of only healthy male patients between 20 and 50 years of age. Prior to the placement of the implants, biopsies were taken from the selected site for density calculation using a calibrated trephine. Two photostimulable phosphor digital periapical radiographs were obtained for each patient and two regions of interest were selected for a fractal dimension analysis: one site before implantation and the same site immediately postoperatively adjacent to the implant. Results There were correlations between the fractal dimensions and implant stability quotient as well as between fractal dimensions and bone density. No significant difference was found between the fractal dimensions of pre- and postoperative periapical radiographs for the same region of interest and between implant stability quotient values of the maxillae and mandible sites. Conclusion All executed analyses were helpful in assessing the bone density in the recipient site of implant placement using fractal dimensions, offering complementary information about predictable bone density assessed on a periapical radiograph.
Molecular identification of isolates of the Trichophyton mentagrophytes complex

Background: The Trichophyton mentagrophytes complex is the second most common causal agent of dermatophytosis. It comprises five species—T. mentagrophytes, T. interdigitale, T. erinacei, T quinckeanum, and T. benhamie, as well as nine different genotypes of T. mentagrophytes / T. interdigitale—which are morphologically similar; however, their susceptibility to antifungal agents may differ. For targeted therapy and better prognosis, it is important to identify these species at a molecular level. However, since many hospitals lack molecular methods, the actual aetiology of dermatophytosis caused by this complex remains unknown. Objective: To characterize 55 anthropophilic isolates of the T. mentagrophytes complex recovered from a dermatological centre in Yucatán, Mexico. Material and methods: Fifty-five isolates of the T. mentagrophytes complex were obtained from patients with tinea capitis, tinea pedis, tinea corporis, tinea barbae, and tinea unguium. They were characterized by their colonial and microscopic morphology on Sabouraud dextrose agar (SDA) and through the sequencing of a fragment from the region ITS1-5.8S-ITS2. Results: All colonies grown on SDA were white. Forty-six isolates formed colonies with a powdery texture, while nine isolates formed colonies with a velvety texture. The micromorphological features were typical of the T. mentagrophytes complex. The molecular analysis revealed that 55 isolates were microorganisms that belonged to the T. mentagrophytes complex, that 46 formed powdery colonies representing T. mentagrophytes, and that the other nine isolates that formed velvety colonies represented T. interdigitale. The latter nine isolates were obtained from patients with tinea pedis, tinea corporis, and tinea unguium. Conclusions: The colony morphology on SDA led to the identification of 46 isolates as T. mentagrophytes and nine isolates as T. interdigitale. At a molecular level, the species identified by their morphology were identified only as T. mentagrophytes complex.
The Incidence of Postoperative Complications after Gastrectomy Increases in Proportion to the Amount of Preoperative Visceral Fat

Background Visceral obesity is a risk factor for complications after gastrectomy in patients with gastric cancer. However, it is unclear whether postoperative complications decrease with preoperative reduction of visceral fat without the achievement of a nonobese state. This is because previous studies have performed categorical comparisons of obesity and nonobesity. The current study was performed to estimate the impact of the preoperative visceral fat area (VFA) as a continuous variable on postoperative complications after gastrectomy. Methods Consecutive patients with gastric cancer who underwent curative gastrectomy between June 2006 and August 2017 at the Kyoto University Hospital were included in this retrospective study. The VFA at the level of the umbilicus was measured using preoperative computed tomography. The relationship between postoperative complications and VFA was investigated with univariate and multivariate analyses. Results total of 566 patients were included in the study. Their mean VFA was 110 ± 58 cm2, and postoperative complications occurred in 121 patients (21.4%). The larger the VFA (<50, 50–99, 100–149, and ≥150 cm2), the higher the incidence of postoperative complications (11%, 14%, 21%, and 38%, respectively, P < 0.001). Multivariate logistic regression analyses showed that the VFA was associated with postoperative complications (odds ratio: 1.009, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.004–1.013, P < 0.001), with an incidence of postoperative complications that was 9% (95% CI: 4%–12%) higher for every 10 cm2 increase in the VFA. Conclusion The incidence of postoperative complications after gastrectomy increases in proportion to an increase in the preoperative VFA.
Risk Factors Associated with Under-Five Stunting, Wasting, and Underweight Based on Ethiopian Demographic Health Survey Datasets in Tigray Region, Ethiopia

Background Stunting, wasting, and underweight among children are major problems in most regions of Ethiopia, including the Tigray region. The main objective of this study was to assess the risk factors associated with stunting, wasting, and underweight of children in the Tigray region. Methods The information collected from 1077 children born 5 years before the survey was considered in the analysis. Multivariable binary logistic regression analysis was fitted to identify significant risk factors associated with stunting, wasting, and underweight. Results Male children and rural born were having a higher burden of both severe and moderate stunting, wasting, and underweight than females and urban born. Among male children, 27.6%, 4.10%, and 14.2% of them were stunted, wasted, and underweight, respectively. Protected drinking water (odds ratio (OR) = 0.68; 95% confidence interval (CI): (0.50, 0.92)) was associated with stunting. Maternal age at birth less than 20 years (OR = 0.66; 95% CI: (0.45, 0.97)) and being male (OR = 2.04; 95% CI: (1.13, 3.68)) were associated with high risk of underweight. No antenatal care follow-up (OR = 2.20; 95% CI: (1.04, 4.64)) was associated with wasting, while the poor wealth index, diarrhea, low weight at birth (<2.5 kg), lower age of a child, and 3 or more under-five children in a household were significantly associated with stunting, wasting, and underweight. Conclusions Being born in rural, being male, unprotected drinking water, smaller weight at birth, no antenatal follow-ups, diarrhea, and poor household wealth were factors associated with increased stunting, wasting, and underweight. Thus, interventions that focus on utilization of antenatal care services, improving household wealth, and improving access to protected drinking water were required by policymakers to decrease stunting, wasting, and underweight more rapidly.
Entropy of the Multi-Channel EEG Recordings Identifies the Distributed Signatures of Negative, Neutral and Positive Affect in Whole-Brain Variability

Individuals’ ability to express their subjective experiences in terms of such attributes as pleasant/unpleasant or positive/negative feelings forms a fundamental property of their affect and emotion. However, neuroscientific findings on the underlying neural substrates of the affect appear to be inconclusive with some reporting the presence of distinct and independent brain systems and others identifying flexible and distributed brain regions. A common theme among these studies is the focus on the change in brain activation. As a result, they do not take into account the findings that indicate the brain activation and its information content does not necessarily modulate and that the stimuli with equivalent sensory and behavioural processing demands may not necessarily result in differential brain activation. In this article, we take a different stance on the analysis of the differential effect of the negative, neutral and positive affect on the brain functioning in which we look into the whole-brain variability: that is the change in the brain information processing measured in multiple distributed regions. For this purpose, we compute the entropy of individuals’ muti-channel EEG recordings who watched movie clips with differing affect. Our results suggest that the whole-brain variability significantly differentiates between the negative, neutral and positive affect. They also indicate that although some brain regions contribute more to such differences, it is the whole-brain variational pattern that results in their significantly above chance level prediction. These results imply that although the underlying brain substrates for negative, neutral and positive affect exhibit quantitatively differing degrees of variability, their differences are rather subtly encoded in the whole-brain variational patterns that are distributed across its entire activity.
Detection of Common Causes between Air Traffic Serious and Major Incidents in Applying the Convolution Operator to Heinrich Pyramid Theory

Heinrich’s pyramid theory is one of the most influential theories in accident and incident prevention, especially for industries with high safety requirements. Originally, this theory established a quantitative correlation between major injury accidents, minor injury accidents and no-injury accidents. Nowadays, researchers from different fields of engineering also apply this theory in establishing quantitatively the correlation between accidents and incidents. In this work, on the one hand, we have detected the applicability of this theory by studying incident reports of different severities occurred in air traffic management. On the other hand, we have deepened the analysis of this theory from a qualitative perspective. For this purpose, we have applied the convolution operator in identifying correlations between contributing causes to different incident severities, also known as precursors to accidents, and system failures. The results suggested that system failures are mechanisms by which the causes are manifested. In particular, the same underlying cause can be manifested through different failures which contribute to incidents with different severities. Finally, deriving from this result, an artificial neuronal network model is proposed to recognize future causes and their possible associated incident severities.