Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Travel plans for new residential developments: A synthesis of research findings

This paper presents a synthesis of findings from a three-year research program focused on travel plans for new residential developments. Travel plans can be required through the landuse planning and approvals process as a way to encourage new residents to reduce their demand for car travel, and to use more sustainable forms of transport. However, research into travel plans at new residential developments has been limited to date, particularly in terms of understanding their effectiveness. The aim of the research program was to assess the effectiveness of travel plans for new residential developments, and to also identify opportunities to enhance their effectiveness. A mixed methods approach was adopted that included a survey of councils, an assessment of travel plan quality, interviews with relevant industry actors, and case studies of residential developments with travel plans. The key findings are as follows: Considerable scope exists for improving travel plan quality prior to granting approval. General support for travel plans at new residential developments is evident among industry actors, yet there is limited confidence in the ability to successfully implement them. On average, new residential developments with travel plans were observed to have 14% less car use than matching control sites without travel plans.
Experimental and theoretical analysis of the actuation behavior of magnetoactive elastomers

Composites made of an elastomeric matrix and a magnetizable filler, called magnetoactive elastomers (MAEs), are able to undergo a change of their rheological or damping behavior by applying external magnetic fields. Furthermore, these fields lead to actuation forces and deformations of these materials. Consequential, actuation forces and deformations caused by this behavior can be utilized in an actuation mode of the MAE material. To investigate the induced actuation characteristic different cylindrical MAE specimens are described in a first step. In order to perform a measurement of the actuation a suitable test bench is specified and designed. By this test bench a variable external magnetic field has to be provided within an airgap the MAE specimen are placed in. Furthermore, it has to enable a measurement of the induced actuation forces in a specified axial direction on the one hand and the induced elongation in the same direction on the other hand. Subsequently, a theoretical investigation of the described behavior is performed by use of a suitable finite element analysis (FEA). Therefore, an appropriate continuum mechanical modeling approach based on the Kelvin force is introduced. Implementation of this modeling approach within the FEA-tool Comsol Multiphysics enables a coupled simulation of the magnetism and structural-mechanics domain. Finally, an experimental validation of the modeling approach is carried out by measurements using the developed test bench showing a good accordance.
Group Communication for CoAP

This is a working document intended to trigger discussion and develop draft language for the CoAP protocol specification in the area of group communication (including multicast functionality). Engineering tradeoffs become more challenging in constrained environments, therefore group communication is considered within the context of adjacent topics that may impact or be impacted by design choices in the subject area.
Restoration of longleaf pine in slash pine plantations: Using fire to avoid the landscape trap

The longleaf (P. palustris) pine-bunchgrass ecosystem was once one of the largest and most biologically diverse forested systems in North America. European settlement in the South brought with it significant commercial exploitation of this forest through the naval stores industry, timber production, and non-forest land use. After the Second World War, in those sites still used for forestry, agricultural reforestation practices often replaced longleaf pine with slash (Pinus elliottii) and loblolly (P. taeda) pine plantations. This led to an interruption in the ecological process of frequent low-intensity fire that shaped the longleaf ecosystem. Conditions were created across the landscape that favored further expansion of both loblolly and slash pine, which respond to less-frequent fire. Restoration of these plantations to longleaf pine is now the goal on many public lands.
Active control of compressible channel flow up to Mab=3 using direct numerical simulations with spanwise velocity modulation at the walls

Active turbulence control has been pursued continuously for the last decades, striving for an altered, energetically more favorable flow. In this article, our focus is on a promising method inducing a spanwise wall movement in order to reduce turbulence intensity and hence friction drag, investigated by means of direct numerical simulation. This approach transforms a previously time dependent oscillatory wall motion into a static spatial modulation with prescribed wavelength in the streamwise direction [48]. Most procedures related to turbulence control including the present one have been overwhelmingly applied to incompressible flow. This work is different and novel to the effect, that this control method is applied to compressible, supersonic channel flow up to a bulk Mach number of Ma=3 . Due to substantial variations of viscosity, density, and temperature within the near‐wall region in supersonic flow, the impact of the control method is altered compared to solenoidal flow conditions. By creating a data set of different Mach‐/Reynolds numbers and control parameters, knowledge is gained in which way the effectiveness of oscillatory techniques and physical mechanisms change under the influence of compressibility. It is shown that the control method is able to effectively reduce turbulence levels and lead to large drag reduction levels in compressible supersonic flow. Variable property effects even enhance this behavior for the whole set of investigated parameters. Overall, the higher Mach number cases show a larger net power saving compared to the incompressible ones. Furthermore, we observe an increase of the optimum wavelength with increasing Mach number, which helps in guiding optimal implementations of such a control method.
Biogeography of Indo‐Pacific Pontoniinae (Crustacea, Decapoda): a PAE analysis

Pontoniid shrimps are one of the most abundant coral reef associated taxa in the Indo‐Pacific. Although taxonomically well known, their ecology, life history and biogeography appears virtually unstudied. The object of the present contribution is to derive a basin wide biogeographical hypothesis, using a limited number of operational geographic units (OGU).
Nanofiltration Rejection of Contaminants of Emerging Concern from Municipal Water Resource Recovery Facility Secondary Effluents for Potable Reuse Applications

As reuse of municipal water resource recovery facility (WRRF) effluent becomes vital to augment diminishing fresh drinking water resources, concern exists that conventional barriers may prove deficient and the upcycling of contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) could prove harmful to human health and aquatic species if more effective and robust treatment barriers are not in place. There are no federal Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA) regulations in place specifically for direct potable reuse (DPR) of WRRF effluent. Out of necessity, some states are developing their own DPR reuse regulations. Currently, reverse osmosis (RO) is the default full advanced treatment (FAT) barrier for CEC control. However, the potential exists for tight thin-film composite (TFC) nanofiltration (NF) membranes to provide acceptable CEC rejection efficacies for less capital, operations and maintenance (O&M), energy, and waste generated. Recognizing the inherent complexity of CEC rejection by membranes, this research program was designed to elucidate the vital predictive variables influencing the rejection of 96 CECs found in municipal WRRF effluents. Each of the CECs was cataloged by their intended use and quantitative structure activity relationship (QSAR) properties, and measured in secondary effluent samples from WRRFs in Texas and Oklahoma. These secondary effluent samples were then processed in bench-scale, stirred, dead-end pressure cells with water treatment industry-specified TFC NF and RO membranes. A multi-level, multi-variable model was developed to predict the probable rejection coefficients of CECs with the studied NF membrane. The model was developed from variables selected for their association with known membrane rejection mechanisms, CEC-specific QSAR properties, and characteristics of the actual solute matrix. R statistics software version 3.1. 3 was utilized for property collinearity analysis, outlier analysis, and regression modeling. The Pearson correlation method was utilized for selection of the most vital predictor variables for modeling. The resulting Quantitative Molecular Properties Model (QMPM) predicted the NF rejection CECs based on size, ionic charge, and hydrophobicity. Furthermore, the QMPM was verified against a CEC rejection dataset published by an independent study for a similar commercially available TFC NF membrane.
Airline Fuel Efficiency: Assessment Methodologies and Applications in the U.S. Domestic Airline Industry

Abstract Air carriers and aircraft manufacturers are investing in technologies and strategies to reduce fuel consumption and associated emissions. This chapter reviews related issues to assess airline fuel efficiency and offers various empirical evidences from our recent work that focuses on the U.S. domestic passenger air transportation system. We begin with a general presentation of four methods (ratio-based, deterministic frontier, stochastic frontier, and data envelopment analysis) and three perspectives for assessing airline fuel efficiencies, the latter covering consideration of only mainline carrier operations, mainline–subsidiary relations, and airline routing circuity. Airline fuel efficiency results in the short run, in particular the correlations of the results from using different methods and considering different perspectives, are discussed. For the long-term efficiency, we present the development of a stochastic frontier model to investigate individual airline fuel efficiency and system overall evolution between 1990 and 2012. Insight about the association of fuel efficiency with market entry, exit, and airline mergers is also obtained.
Socializing Emerging Evaluators: The Use of Mentoring to Develop Evaluation Competence

The interdisciplinary nature of evaluation necessitates that emerging evaluators, those within the first five years in the evaluation profession, operate competently within the profession, and receive an extensive and deliberate socialization to the field. Mentoring is a key component to integrating these new evaluators into the field and one way that socialization takes place. In this chapter, survey data from GEDI participants are used to describe how the Graduate Education Diversity Internship (GEDI) program influences the socialization of diverse emerging scholars, specifically using mentoring relationships to facilitate the development of evaluation competence. Survey data exploring the interns’ formal and informal mentoring relationships suggest that informal mentoring relationships were more effective and yield more support for psychosocial development and exposure to evaluation‐related knowledge and competence in comparison with formal mentoring relationships.
ANALYSIS AND MODELING OF FREQUENCY-DEPENDENT RESISTANCE AND INDUCTANCE OF SINGLE CMOS INTERCONNECTS

A simple, efficient CAD-oriented analytic modeling approach to calculate frequency-dependent distributed inductance and associated distributed series resistance per-unit-length of single on-chip interconnects on a lossy silicon substrate is presented. The closed-form formulas for the frequency-dependent series impedance parameters are obtained using vector magnetic potential equation and a complex image technique. The proposed frequency-dependent inductance L(w) and resistance R(w) per-unit-length formulas are shown to be in good agreement with the electromagnetic solutions.
Electronic cigarettes: Diffusion of a controversial innovation

ion form. The second author or one of two additional coders reviewed each article, conferring with the first author in case of disagreements. Coders recorded ENDS awareness, “natural” patterns of use (i.e., use outside of a lab setting, including dual use of ENDS with other tobacco products), subjective reactions to use (by users only), and beliefs or reasons for use (by users or non-users). We define “dual use” as use of both ENDS and other tobacco products in the past 30 days. For the last two outcomes, coders also recorded whether the measure assessed: the perceived cost of ENDS, including the relative cost of ENDS and regular cigarettes (cost); the possibility that ENDS would serve as a gateway to other tobacco use (gateway); health, safety, and side effects, including the relative safety of ENDS and regular cigarettes (health); quitting or reducing smoking or tobacco use because of ENDS (quit); the use of ENDS to avoid restrictions on smoking (restrict); the degree of satisfaction with ENDS’ taste, smell, and quality (satisfaction); the extent to which ENDS have the same taste, smell, or feeling of use as regular cigarettes (similar); and changes in withdrawal symptoms, desire to smoke, and cravings (withdrawal). For example, the statement “ENDS helped me quit smoking” would be classified as quit in the category of reactions, while the statement “I started using ENDS because I wanted to be healthier” would be classified as health in the category of beliefs or reasons. We selected these codes because they represented themes that were frequently reported by users or were specific public health concerns. For example, we coded for restrict
Residential buildings with heat pumps, a verified bottom-up model for demand side management studies

1. ABSTRACT The increasing use of intermittent renewable energy sources has reawakened the interest for demand side management, among which thermostatically controlled loads are a much mentioned option. One of these load types are residential buildings equipped with heat pumps, which can shift electricity consumption in time without compromising indoor thermal comfort. A prerequisite for the widespread application of this technology is a thorough understanding of its potential for demand side management. This type of studies needs models which on the one hand are computationally efficient enough to be scaled up to a country’s building stock but on the other hand are still a correct system representation. These issues are tackled by considering multiple levels of detail in reduced order models and verifying these models to a detailed simulation model. A second step is the aggregation of buildings with different occupant behavior. The aggregation’s performance is assessed by comparing the response to various electricity price profiles. Results show that the proposed aggregated model is sufficiently accurate in representating the considered buildings. The methodology presented in this paper can also be applied to other building types, resulting in an aggregated and verified model of a country’s building stock for demand side management studies.
Optimal Input Signal Design for Data-Centric Identification and Control with Applications to Behavioral Health and Medicine

Increasing interest in individualized treatment strategies for prevention and treatment of health disorders has created a new application domain for dynamic modeling and control. Standard population-level clinical trials, while useful, are not the most suitable vehicle for understanding the dynamics of dosage changes to patient response. A secondary analysis of intensive longitudinal data from a naltrexone intervention for fibromyalgia examined in this dissertation shows the promise of system identification and control. This includes datacentric identification methods such as Model-on-Demand, which are attractive techniques for estimating nonlinear dynamical systems from noisy data. These methods rely on generating a local function approximation using a database of regressors at the current operating point, with this process repeated at every new operating condition. This dissertation examines generating input signals for data-centric system identification by developing a novel framework of geometric distribution of regressors and time-indexed output points, in the finite dimensional space, to generate sufficient support for the estimator. The input signals are generated while imposing “patient-friendly” constraints on the design as a means to operationalize single-subject clinical trials. These optimization-based problem formulations are examined for linear time-invariant systems and block-structured Hammerstein systems, and the results are contrasted with alternative designs based on Weyl’s criterion. Numerical solution to the resulting nonconvex optimization problems is proposed through semidefinite programming approaches for polynomial optimization and nonlinear programming methods. It is shown that useful bounds on the objective function can be calculated through relaxation procedures, and that the data-centric formulations are amenable to sparse polynomial optimization. In addition, input design formulations are formulated for achieving a desired output and specified input spectrum. Numerical examples illustrate the benefits of the input signal design formulations including an example of a hypothetical clinical trial using the drug gabapentin. In the final part of the dissertation, the mixed logical dynamical framework for hybrid model predictive control is extended to incorporate a switching time strategy, where decisions are made at some integer multiple of the sample time, and manipulation of only one i input at a given sample time among multiple inputs. These are considerations important for clinical use of the algorithm.
Role of Contamination in Optimal Droplet Production by Collective Bubble Bursting

Gas bubbles bursting at the sea surface produce drops, which contribute to marine aerosols. The contamination or enrichment of water by surface‐active agents, of biological or anthropogenic origin, has long been recognized as affecting the bubble bursting processes and the spray composition. However, despite an improved understanding of the physics of a single bursting event, a quantitative understanding of the role of the physico‐chemical conditions on assemblies of bursting bubbles remains elusive. We present experiments on the drop production by millimetric, collective bursting bubbles, under varying surfactant concentration and bubble density. We demonstrate that the production of supermicron droplets (with radius larger than 35 μm) is non‐monotonic as the surfactant concentration increases. The bursting efficiency is optimal for short‐lived, sparsely distributed and non‐coalescing bubbles. We identify the combined role of contamination on the surface bubble arrangement and the modification of the jet drop production process in the bursting efficiency.
Updating of the Dynamic Model of Floors Carrying Stationary Humans

It is well-known that the presence of a standing or sitting crowd of people on assembly structures (floors) adds mass to the floor, and for static calculations the stationary crowd can be assumed to represent simple added mass. However, modelling the stationary crowd as simple added mass has been suggested to be inappropriate for dynamic calculations of floors. This is also one of the conclusions of the present work, and therefore the paper also considers and examines another human-floor model; a model in which the crowd mass interacts dynamically with the floor mass in vertical vibration. In the interaction model considered, the crowd acts as a SDOF system (spring-mass-damper system) attached to the floor mass instead of as a simple added mass. Both models were tested with respect to their accuracy in predicting floor frequency and damping measured on a 54 m test floor occupied by stationary crowds of people in standing posture. The paper describes the tests and the procedures used to update and calibrate the human-floor interaction model to experimental observations. It is demonstrated that the updated model can explain floor frequencies as well as floor damping observed in tests, as well as the main pattern of variation of these parameters with crowd size.
Clones, substrates and environments for seedlings of rubber tree rootstocks

The objective of this study was to evaluate the growth of rubber clones GT1, PR255, RRIM600 grown on different substrates and environments for the production of rubber rootstocks. The experiment was conducted at the Universidade Estadual de Mato Grosso do Sul, Cassilândia University Unit, in Cassilândia-MS. The treatments were conducted in 3 environments: (A1): Sombrite®; (A2) Aluminet® and (A3) full sun, where the clones being tested were: GT1; PR 255 and RRIM 600, grown in substrates: pure soil; soil + cattle manure and commercial substrate usually used for forestry. The experimental design was a randomized block in a factorial 3 x 3 (three substrates x three clones), with 4 replicates with 10 seedlings of rubber trees per plot. The use of commercial substrate and soil + cattle manure in the ratio (7:1) favored the development of rubber rootstock seedlings with taller plants, more leave number, higher mass and higher quality index. For the formation of rootstocks, the variety RRIM600 was the one that showed better agronomic characteristics in the formation of rubber tree seedlings, with higher number of leaves, tallest plants, larger mass and higher quality index. The use of Sombrite® and Aluminet® screens contributed positively to the formation of rootstocks with larger root and above-ground masses. The plants produced in the Aluminet® screen showed higher number of leaves.
Status syndrome

Health and longevity are intimately related to position in the social hierarchy. The lower the status, the higher risk of illness and death, and consequently the shorter the life expectancy. In his book of the same name, Michael Marmot calls this social gradient in health the “Status Syndrome”. So what exactly is the cause of this gradient?