Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
HEPATOPROTECTIVE EFFECT OF CYMBOPOGON CITRATUS ESSENTIAL OILS AGAINST NEVIRAPINE-INDUCED HEPATIC DAMAGE IN WISTAR ALBINO RATS

Background: The use of nevirapine in the management of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infections is greatly limited by its fatal hepatotoxicity. In sub-Saharan African, traditional medicine involving use of plant materials has been proposed to counteract liver damage, albeit with no scientific evidence. The aim of the present study was to determine the hepatoprotective effect of Cymbopogon citratus essential oils against nevirapine induced hepatic oxidative damage in Wistar albino rats. Materials and Methods: Five groups of rats received a daily oral dose of 36mg/kg nevirapine for 4 consecutive weeks. After 15 minutes, rats in three of the groups were given 200mg/kg, 400mg/kg and 800mg/kg of Cymbopogon citratus essential oil extract. The positive control group received nevirapine and 200mg/kg of silymarin while the normal control group received only 2ml of distilled water. Blood was used to determine the levels of liver function parameters and liver sections were used for histological studies. Results: The results revealed that oral administration of nevirapine (36mg/kg b.w. p.o) for 4 weeks significantly (P
Factors Influencing Adherence to Therapeutic Regimens among People with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Yangon, Myanmar

Adherence to therapeutic regimens is a major challenge among people with Type 2 diabetes mellitus to achieve glycemic control. This study aimed to examine the factors influencing adherence to therapeutic regimens among 200 people with Type 2 diabetes at an Outpatient Department in two Yangon General Hospitals. Hierarchical multiple regression analysis showed the participants had good adherence to their therapeutic regimens. However, their adherence to specific diet, physical exercise, and blood glucose monitoring was lower than adherence to medication and foot care. The prevalence of poor glycemic control (71%) was significantly higher in this study. Analysis indicated patients with better family support, good patient-healthcare provider relationship, better self-efficacy and fewer comorbidities were better adhered to therapeutic regimens accounted for 71.9% of the variability in adherence behavior (R2 = 0.719, F)1,194) = 72.98, p < 0.001). Therefore, the study recommends nurses and other healthcare providers consider five predictors to develop effective family-based interventions that empower people with Type 2 diabetes mellitus to improve their adherence to therapeutic regimens.
The first uniportal video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery masterclass in New Zealand

Although thoracotomy is still a standard approach to lung resection for some New Zealand (NZ) surgeons, there is an increasing penetration of video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) approaches to complex lung resection, but only a few surgeons have applied uniportal techniques. This paper describes the first uniportal VATS (uVATS) Masterclass held in NZ that includes an animal wetlab, and a 2-day live surgery with proctorship from Professor Diego Gonzalez-Rivas. In our wetlab experience, we have used single lumen endotracheal intubation and bronchial blocker to facilitate excellent lung isolation. Prof Gonzalez-Rivas proctored 6 live surgical cases of successful uVATS for lung resection without compromising the optimal oncological principles. Following this Masterclass, our unit has adopted uniportal VATS as the default approach for all lung resection and pleural based operations.
HUBUNGAN FAKTOR HOST, FAKTOR LINGKUNGAN, DAN STATUS GIZI DENGAN KEJADIAN DEMAM BERDARAH DENGUE DI WILAYAH KERJA PUSKESMAS KAYEN KABUPATEN PATI

Background: DHF is an endemic disease, which in a certain period able to cause an outstanding incident (KLB). The Public-Health Centre of Kayen is one of 25 health centers in Pati District with the highest coverage of DHF cases compared to other health centers. The purpose of this study is to analyze the relationship between host factors, environmental factors, and nutritional status to the incidence of DHF in the work area of Kayen Public-Health Center, Pati Regency. Method: Observational analytic study with case control research design. The total sample is 76 respondents with the total sampling method. Data analysis used chi square test with a 95% significance level, and a large risk calculation used the value of Odd Ratio (OR). Results: The results of univariate analysis showed that most of the case and control respondents were ≤11 years old (68.4%), most of the respondents had last education in secondary and high school (73.6%), most of the respondents had jobs as housewives (47.4%), respondents also had poor knowledge (43.4%), 3M practice level was not good (32.9%), did not install wire (81.6%), the existence of a landfill in the respondent's house ( 100.0%), the presence of larvae in the respondent's houses (48.7%), and respondents with thin nutritional status (19.7%). Conclusion: From the results of the study, it can be concluded that there is no relationship between knowledge, presence of net wire, and nutritional status to DHF incidence, while 3M practice (p = 0.015; OR = 3.986) and the presence of larvae (p = 0.012; OR = 3.297) have a relation to the incidence of DHF.
Male Breast Nodules in Ouagadougou (Burkina Faso): Radiological and Histopathological Aspects

Objective: To describe the radiological and histological aspects of breast nodules among men in our practice setting. Methodology: This is a descriptive and retrospective study conducted from January 2014 to October 2017. The study included male patients with breast nodules classified ACR3, 4 or 5 after a mammographic and ultrasound scan. These lesions were explored through an ultrasound-guided breast microbiopsy. The following are the variables collected: age, family history of breast cancer, medical history, ACR classification, nodule size, and anatomopathologic diagnosis. Results: 13 breast nodules were explored among 13 male subjects. Mammography and breast ultrasound enabled to identify one ACR3 lesion, 10 ACR4 lesions and 2 ACR5 lesions. The average age was 56.53 ± 14.63 years and the average size of the nodules 28.91 ± 13.62 mm. As for histology, there were seven malignant tumors and six benign tumors. The average age of patients with malignancy was 61.45 ± 13.62 years. The malignant nodules average size was 29.45 ± 12.54 mm. Malignant tumors exclusively consisted of invasive breast carcinomas while Benign ones consisted of dystrophic and inflammatory lesions. Conclusion: Most often Breast lesions among men had an indeterminate appearance on imaging and were predominantly malignant in histopathology.
Association of mothers’ socio-demographic characteristics with their knowledge and practices about complementary feeding

Background: Early under-nutrition not only hampers physical growth but also adversely affects cognitive growth of children. Hence, appropriate complementary feeding practices are crucial for the proper growth of children. The study was aimed to find the association of mothers’ sociodemographic characteristics with their knowledge and practices about complementary feeding. Subjects and methods: The cross sectional analytical study was carried out at preventive pediatric department of Sir Ganga Ram Hospital Lahore from November to December 2016. Interviews of 148 mothers were conducted to collect data. Data was analyzed by using Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 20. Results: The mean age of mothers was 27±5 years; average family income was 21,000 PKR/month; 81% received formal school education; and 7% were doing job. Only 47% mothers had adequate knowledge of complementary feeding; and only 23% mothers had appropriate feeding practices. The mothers who received antenatal care and counseling (OR=2.906); and those who were doing job (OR=4.903) had higher odds and showed significant association with appropriate knowledge (p<0.05). The mothers who were literate (OR=3.231) or who had age ≥35 years (OR=2.400) had higher odds for appropriate practices. Mothers who received antenatal care; delivered within hospital; and those who were literate showed significant association with appropriate practices (p<0.05). Conclusion: Both, knowledge and practices regarding complementary feeding were inappropriate. Seeking antenatal care and counseling, and delivery within a hospital had significant association with appropriate knowledge and practices. Proper counseling and awareness of mothers to adhere with appropriate child feeding practices is highly recommended.
Sublingual buprenorphine versus intravenous morphine as a premedicant and postoperative analgesic in laparoscopic appendectomy under general anesthesia—A randomized control trial

Background: Minimally invasive surgery aims to minimize trauma, cause rapid mobilization, and thus achieve a satisfactory therapeutic result. But the challenging fact with the laparoscopic surgery is its hemodynamic changes because of pneumoperitoneum and the complex visceral pain in the postoperative period. Aim: To find a safe, reliable, and highly effective drug as a premedicant in laparoscopic appendectomies under general anesthesia. Materials and Methods: A total of 110 patients undergoing laparoscopic appendectomies were randomized into two groups: group M (morphine) and group B (buprenorphine) with 55 patients in each group. Group B patients received 0.4 μg of buprenorphine tablet sublingually 1 h before surgery and group M patients received 0.1 mg/kg of intravenous morphine 10 min before anesthesia induction. Intraoperative hemodynamics, postoperative pain score, rescue analgesic requirement, and complications were recorded. Results: Intraoperative vitals that is heart rate and mean arterial pressure were significantly stable in group B compared to group M. Only 11 % patients in group B required dexmedetomidine infusion compared to 37% in group M, to control intraoperative hypertension. Visual analog scale (VAS) values in group B at 2nd (1.30 ± 0.46), 4th (1.31 ± 0.54), and 6th hour (1.33 ± 0.63) were significantly less than group M at 2nd (4.56 ± 0.65), 4th (5.68 ± 0.72), and 6th h (4.45 ± 1.15). Duration of analgesia in postoperative period in group B (260.0 ± 28.52 min) was significantly longer than group M (124.10 ± 20.832 min). Conclusion: Sublingual buprenorphine premedication is an alternative to intravenous injection of morphine with perioperative hemodynamic stability and better postoperative analgesia.
Distribution of Hepatitis C Virus Genotypes and Related Risk Factors Among Iranian Blood Donors: A Penalized Logistic Regression

Background: The hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a blood born virus and the major cause of liver diseases worldwide. Distribution of HCV genotypes varies depending on geographical regions and routes of infection. Knowledge regarding the distribution of HCV genotypes and related risk factors plays an essential role in the control of HCV infection in the community. Objectives: The current study aimed at determining the current distribution of HCV genotypes and related risk factors among Iranian blood donors. Methods: In the current analytical, cross sectional study, 106 HCV-infected blood donors with detectable HCV RNA over the country were interviewed by trained physicians through a post-donation questionnaire on demographic, medical, and risk history from November 2015 to May 2017. The hepatitis C virus genotype was determined by sequencing of a segment of non-structural 5B region in HCV genome. Penalized logistic regression model was used for statistical analysis through STATA software. Results: Hepatitis C virus genotype was determined in all subjects, and the genotype 3a was the most frequent (65, 61.32%), followed by 1a (31, 29.25%), and 1b (10, 8.49%). Based on the multivariable analysis results, tattooing (adjusted odds ratio: 2.76; 95% confidence interval: 1.03 - 7.37) was associated with HCV genotype 3a. Conclusions: According to the results, it seems that changes in molecular epidemiology of HCV infection and replacement of HCV genotype 1a with 3a, characterized by an increase in genotype 3a and decrease in genotype 1a have occurred over the last decade among Iranian blood donors. Tattooing was an independent risk factor for HCV infection by genotype 3a.
Intraovarian studies and fecundity inNemipterus japonicus (Bloch)

Fecundity in Nemipterus japonicus (Bloch) vanied from 10.5 to 80.8 thousize. Among the four equations tested, the linear relationship between length and sands in fish ranging in size from 13.0 bo 20.9 cm, and increased with increasing fecundity was closer than the rest. It was also found that the fish bred twice a year, once in December-February and then in June-July. The spawning was short and sharp. and sharp.
Apolipoprotein B/Apolipoprotein A-I in Relation to the Metabolic Syndrome and Change in Carotid Artery Intima-Media Thickness During 3 Years in Middle-Aged Men

Background and Purpose— The apolipoprotein B (apoB)/apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I) ratio is a measure of the relationship between different lipoprotein particles and a powerful predictor of coronary death. The aim was to examine whether apoB/apoA-I was associated with the metabolic syndrome (MetS) at baseline and also with the future change in carotid artery intima-media thickness (IMT). Methods— In 313 58-year-old men, carotid artery IMT was measured bilaterally by high-resolution B-mode ultrasound at baseline and after 3 years of follow-up. Serum apolipoprotein concentrations and the components of MetS were measured at study entry. Results— ApoB/apoA-I showed statistically significant associations with body mass index, waist-to-hip ratio, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) particle size, insulin, and diastolic blood pressure. Two thirds of the patients with MetS had high apoB/apoA-I ratios (>0.90) compared with one third of those without the syndrome (P.
Profil Jumlah Leukosit Dan Suhu Tubuh Penderita Demam Tifoid Di RSUD Karanganyar

Typhoid fever is an acute systemic infection disease caused by Salmonella typhi and paratyphi. The clinical manifestation could be fever, complaints of central nervous system, and gastrointestinal disturbances. The prominent clinical manifestations include fever more than 7 days. The examination of the leukocyte number can be leukopenia, normal, or leukocytosis. This research purposed is to find out the profile of leukocyte number and body temperature of typhoid fever patients. This study uses descriptive observational research design with study case design and random sampling technique. The samples of this study are 107 medical record of typhoid fever patients. The research data is analyzed using a computer program Statistical for Social Science (SPSS) versi 21.0 for windows. Based on the analysis of the number of leukocyte, 44,9% (48 persons) leukopenia, 38,3% (41 persons) normal leukocyte, 16,8% (18 persons) leukocytosis. On the body temperature measurement, 15,9% (17 persons) with normal body temperature, 80,4% (86 persons) fever, and 3,7% (4 persons) high fever. On the typhoid fever patients, 44,9% (48 persons) leukopenia and 80,4% (86 persons) fever. Keyword: Typhoid fever, leukocyte count, body temperature
The effects of neonatal manganese exposure on impulsivity, unlearned motoric function, and reward

Manganese is an essential trace mineral that, at high doses, damages the dopamine neurotransmitter system. Evidence suggests that children may be particularly prone to manganese neurotoxicity and may have an amplified risk of neuronal damage. Infant formulas contain substantially more manganese than the recommended daily allowance, so this sub-population of infants may be at particular risk for developing long-term behavioral deficits and neuronal alterations. The purpose of this thesis, therefore, was to examine the effects of low to moderate doses of manganese (0, 250, or 750 pg per day from PD 1-21) on a comprehensive battery of behaviors during the neonatal period, preweanling period, and in adulthood. Additionally, this thesis evaluated manganese-induced changes in dopamine transporter binding sites. Manganese exposure did not affect the appearance of developmental landmarks, nor did it alter neonatal motor activity or olfactory orientation. Manganese did impair neonatal motor coordination and depressed body weight gain on PD 13-21. Manganese exposure did not affect basal motor activity, balance, or coordination. When tested at PD 90, however, manganeseexposed rats exhibited both reduced responding on a
Neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio and platelet to lymphocyte ratio in patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Introduction: The platelet to lymphocyte ratio (PLR) and neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) are markers of inflammation that have been reported to be elevated in patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) compared to stable state. The aim of this study was to determine the association between these parameters and the severity and outcomes of AECOPD. Patients and Methods: We conducted a retrospective study of patients admitted with a diagnosis of AECOPD between January 2014 and December 2017. Clinical characteristics, NLR, PLR, and serum levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) and other data on admission were recorded. Results: A total of 100 patients (91% male; average age 66.89years±11.05 were included in the study. COPD was severe (GOLD C and D) in 57% of cases. The mean level of NLR and PLR were respectively 7.66+/-8.62 and 33.57+/-23.32. NLR and PLR correlated with serum CRP level (r=0.658; p=0.02). Negative and statistically significant correlation was found between NLR and VEMS/CVF (r=0.632; p=0.007). NLR was significantly associated to hypercapnia level (r=0.568; p=0.04) and arterial oxygen saturation (r=0.568; p=0.05). Otherwise, PLR was higher among patients with acidosis (p=0.005) and desaturation (p=0.01) and was associated to longer hospitalization duration (p=0.02). Patients who needed non invasive ventilation, mechanic ventilation or died had higher NLR and PLR levels (p>0.05). Conclusion: NLR and PLR were increased in severe AECOPD and were associated with poor prognosis.
Serum Zinc Level at Term Pregnancy and Newborn Anthropometry

Objective: To determine the relationship between serum zinc level at term pregnancy and newborn anthropometry. Methods: This study is an observational study with cross-sectional design. Serum zinc level at term pregnancy was measured and then anthropometric measurement was done to the newborn, including birth weight, birth length and head circumference at birth. The data were statistically analyzed using regression correlation test. Results: Mean serum zinc level at term pregnancy is 36.01 I¼g/dl (SD=18.34 I¼g/dl), the average birth weight is 3158 gr (SD=480.4 gr), the average birth length is 48.42 cm (SD=1.75 cm) and the average head circumference at birth is 33.13 cm (SD=1.14 cm). There was no statistically significant relationship between serum zinc levels at term pregnancy and birth weight (p-value=0.152). Meanwhile, there are statistically significant relationships between serum zinc level at term pregnancy with birth length and head circumference with pvalue 0.026 and 0.012, respectively. Conclusion: Serum zinc level at term pregnancy is correlated with birth length and head circumference, but is not correlated with birth weight. [Indones J Obstet Gynecol 2015; 3-4: 190-195] Keywords: birth length, birth weight, head circumference at birth, serum zinc level, term pregnancy
Is Ischemic Stroke Risk Related to Folate Status or Other Nutrients Correlated With Folate Intake

Background and Purpose— Folate status was inversely associated with plasma homocysteine concentration, a potential risk factor of cardiovascular disease. However, it is uncertain whether folate is causally associated with risk of ischemic stroke (IS). We aimed to examine the association between IS incidence and folate intake, biochemical folate status, and folate associated nutrients. Methods— Information on baseline characteristics and food frequency questionnaire was collected in 1990 to 1993 and included for analyses data from 1772 adults over 40 years, who were free of stroke and cancer at baseline from the CardioVascular Disease risk FACtor Two-township Study. Multivariate Cox proportional hazard model was used to relate baseline nutrient status with IS event. Results— Over an average of 10.6 years of follow-up, 132 incident IS events were documented. Low folate intake (1st and 2nd quartiles) was significantly and independently associated with increased IS risk (HR=1.61; 95% CI: 1.04 to 2.48 and HR=1.
Too young to be a wife! analysis of the factors influencing child marriages and its influence on the preferred number of children among women in Zambia.

Context/Background: Zambia has one of the highest rates of child marriages in the world. This study sought to establish the determinants of child marriage in rural and urban areas of Zambia, and to determine the influence of child marriage on fertility preferences of women in Zambia. Data source and methods : The study utilized data from the 2013-2014 Zambia Demographic Health Survey. Data was analysed using the Binary Logistic and Poisson regression models. Results: Timing of conception, age at first sex, region of residence, education level of respondent and their partners, and family size were significant predictors of child marriages in urban areas. In rural areas, region of residence, age at fist sex, education level of respondent and their partners, and family size had significant influence on child marriages. The study further found that women who got married below the age of 18 preferred a higher number of children. Conclusion: The study established that various factors influence child marriages in urban and rural Zambia and in turn child marriages influence the preferred number of children. The findings suggest a multipronged approach to addressing the root cause of the problem.
Fragility Hip Fracture in the under 60s: A Qualitative Study of Recovery Experiences and the Implications for Nursing

Background: Hip fracture is a common, serious, complex injury and an important cause of morbidity, mortality and rising healthcare costs. Incidence and impact in the under 60s has been under researched. The aim of this study was therefore to explore the recovery experiences of young adults with an isolated hip fracture following a minor fall to inform future care delivery. Methods and Findings The Silences Framework was used to guide a critical interpretivist study. Thirty in-depth, minimally structured, story-telling interviews were conducted with participants between one and 10 years post injury. One cross-cutting theme, ‘Communication’ and four main themes: ‘Experience of care’, ’Impact on self’, ‘Impact on others’ and ‘Moving forward’ were identified. The findings indicated multi-faceted, often long term, physical, social and psychological impact on participants, their family and wider social networks. This included Post Traumatic Stress Disorder type symptoms and impact on work, finances and relationships. Inadequacies in the current care pathway and limited relevance of the commonly used patient reported hip fracture outcome measures used for young adults were also identified. Conclusion: The dominant discourse on fragility hip fracture almost exclusively focuses on the elderly and short-term outcomes. This was the first study investigating the long-term impact of fragility hip fracture in young adults from their perspective and the first application of a new research framework in an acute care setting. It found the needs of younger hip fracture patients are not adequately recognised or addressed. Increased awareness and improvements in healthcare provision are needed to minimise the long-term personal and societal impact of fragility fracture in the under 60s.