Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Prevention of maternal cytomegalovirus infection : current status and future prospects

Correspondence: Mark r Schleiss Center for Infectious Disease and Microbiology Translational research, University of Minnesota Medical School, 2001 6th Street Se, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA Tel +1 612 626 9913 Fax +1 612 626 9924 email schleiss@umn.edu Abstract: Human cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection is the most common cause of perinatal viral infection in the developed world, resulting in approximately 40,000 congenitally infected infants in the United States each year. Congenital CMV infection can produce varying degrees of neurodevelopmental disabilities. The significant impact of congenital CMV has led the Institute of Medicine to rank development of a CMV vaccine as a top priority. Vaccine development has been ongoing; however no licensed CMV vaccine is currently available. Treatment of pregnant women with CMV hyperimmune globulin has shown promising results, but has not been studied in randomized controlled trials. Education on methods to prevent CMV transmission, particularly among young women of child-bearing age, should continue until a CMV vaccine becomes available. The epidemiology, clinical manifestations, prevention strategies, and treatment of CMV infections are reviewed.
Usefulness of serum mass spectrometry to identify women diagnosed with higher grades of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia may differ by race

correspondence: chandrika J Piyathilake Department of nutrition sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), 1675 University Blvd, Webb 326, Birmingham, AL 35294, UsA Tel +1 205 975 5398 Fax +1 205 934 7049 email piyathic@uab.edu Background: An early detection of precursor lesions of cervical cancer will help to eliminate the worldwide burden of cervical cancer. Methods: This exploratory study aimed to identify, by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ ionization (MALDI) time-of-flight (TOF) mass spectrometry (MS), serum protein profiles that distinguish cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grades CIN 1 or lower (#CIN 1) from CIN 2+ among 127 women infected with human papillomavirus (HPV) 16. Of these 127 women, 25 and 23 were diagnosed with CIN 2 or CIN 3, respectively (cases), and 79 were diagnosed with #CIN 1 (non-cases). Serum protein profiles were generated by MALDI-TOF-MS. A total of 95 m/z peaks were tested for association with case status by two racial groups, African American (AAs) and Caucasian American (CAs). Results: Overall, 2 protein peaks identified by our study demonstrated higher specificity for identifying CIN 2+ than previously published studies. An increasing intensity of [m/z 4459] was associated with a higher risk of being a case, regardless of race with a specificity of 58% for CIN 2 and a specificity of 75% for CIN 3. An increasing intensity of [m/z 4154] was not only associated with a higher risk of being a case only among CAs, but also had an opposite effect among AAs. Conclusion: Identification of specific proteins associated with the peaks detected in serum and development of antibody-based tests such as ELISA should lead to the development of racespecific, non-invasive and cost effective screening tests with higher specificity for identifying HPV 16 associated CIN 2+.
Progress in analgesia for labor : focus on neuraxial blocks

Correspondence: David J Birnbach Department of Anesthesia, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, 1611 NW 12th Avenue, FL 33136, USA email dbirnbach@miami.edu Abstract: Neuraxial analgesia is widely accepted as the most effective and the least depressant method of providing pain relief in labor. Over the last several decades neuraxial labor analgesia techniques and medications have progressed to the point now where they provide high quality pain relief with minimal side effects to both the mother and the fetus while maximizing the maternal autonomy possible for the parturient receiving neuraxial analgesia. The introduction of the combined spinal epidural technique for labor has allowed for the rapid onset of analgesia with minimal motor blockade, therefore allowing the comfortable parturient to ambulate. Patient-controlled epidural analgesia techniques have evolved to allow for more flexible analgesia that is tailored to the individual needs of the parturient and effective throughout the different phases of labor. Computer integrated systems have been studied to provide seamless analgesia from induction of neuraxial block to delivery. New adjuvant drugs that improve the effectiveness of neuraxial labor analgesia while decreasing the side effects that may occur due to high dose of a single drug are likely to be added to future labor analgesia practice. Bupivacaine still remains a popular choice of local anesthetic for labor analgesia. New local anesthetics with less cardiotoxicity have been introduced, but their cost effectiveness in the current labor analgesia practice has been questioned.
Comparison of Dilapan-s and laminaria for cervical priming before surgical pregnancy termination at 17 – 22 weeks ’ gestation

Correspondence: Dennis g Chambers Pregnancy Advisory Centre, 21 Belmore Terrace, Woodville Park, Adelaide, south Australia 5064, Australia Tel +61 8 8243 3999 Fax +61 8 8243 3998 email dennis.chambers@health.sa. gov.au Methods: A retrospective analysis of medical records of three consecutive cohorts of women. All cohorts received a digoxin feticide injection on Day 1. Two cohorts were treated with laminaria, cohort A of 151 women over 1–2 days and cohort B of 52 women over 1–3 days, and cohort C of 151 women was treated with Dilapan-S over 1–3 days. Results: Adequate cervical priming for dilatation and evacuation (D&E) on Day 2 was achieved in 98% of the Dilapan-S cohort and 56% of cohort A and 40% of the cohort B laminaria cohorts. Return to theater for D&E 3–4 hours after dilator insertion on Day 2 occurred in 62.3% of Dilapan-S cohort C and 9.3% of cohort A and 4% of cohort B laminaria cohorts (P = 0.001). A mean D&E theater time of 19 minutes for laminaria cohort A was reduced by 10.1% in the Dilapan-S cohort C (P = 0.02). The incidence of unscheduled overnight delivery outside the clinic was 0% for Dilapan-S and 1.3% for cohort A and 3.8% for cohort B laminaria cohorts (P = 0.14). Conclusion: Dilapan-S osmotic dilators are superior to laminaria in producing more cervical priming and dilatation in a shorter time. This enables 17–22 week D&E procedures to be carried out in fewer days and in shorter theater times. They also eliminate the risk of an unscheduled overnight delivery outside the clinic.
The first galaxies: Simulating their feedback-regulated assembly

We investigate the formation of a galaxy reaching a virial mass of $~ 10^8$ solar mass at $z=10$ by carrying out a zoomed radiation-hydrodynamical cosmological simulation. This simulation traces Population~III (Pop~III) star formation, characterized by a modestly top-heavy initial mass function (IMF), and considers stellar feedback such as photoionization heating from Pop III and Population~II (Pop~II) stars, mechanical and chemical feedback from supernovae (SNe), and X-ray feedback from accreting black holes (BHs) and high-mass X-ray binaries (HMXBs). We self-consistently impose a transition in star formation mode from top-heavy Pop III to low-mass Pop~II, and find that the star formation rate in the computational box is dominated by Pop~III until $z=13$, and by Pop~II thereafter. The simulated galaxy experiences bursty star formation, with a substantially reduced gas content due to photoionization heating from Pop~III and Pop~II stars, together with SN feedback. All the gas within the simulated galaxy is metal-enriched above $10^{-5}$ solar, such that there are no remaining pockets of primordial gas. The simulated galaxy has an estimated observed flux of $~10^{-3} nJy$, which is too low to be detected by the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) without strong lensing amplification. We also show that our simulated galaxy is similar in terms of stellar mass to Segue 2, the least luminous dwarf known in the Local Group.
Explicit behavioral detection of visual changes develops without their implicit neurophysiological detectability

All material supplied via JYX is protected by copyright and other intellectual property rights, and duplication or sale of all or part of any of the repository collections is not permitted, except that material may be duplicated by you for your research use or educational purposes in electronic or print form. You must obtain permission for any other use. Electronic or print copies may not be offered, whether for sale or otherwise to anyone who is not an authorised user. Explicit behavioral detection of visual changes develops without their implicit neurophysiological detectability Lyyra, Pessi; Wikgren, Jan; Ruusuvirta, Timo; Astikainen, Piia
Somatosensory mismatch response in young and elderly adults

Aging is associated with cognitive decline and alterations in early perceptual processes. Studies in the auditory and visual sensory modalities have shown that the mismatch negativity [or the mismatch response (MMR)], an event-related potential (ERP) elicited by a deviant stimulus in a background of homogenous events, diminishes with aging and cognitive decline. However, the effects of aging on the somatosensory MMR (sMMR) are not known. In the current study, we recorded ERPs to electrical pulses to different fingers of the left hand in a passive oddball experiment in young (22–36 years) and elderly (66–95 years) adults engaged in a visual task. The MMR was found to deviants as compared to standards at two latency ranges: 180–220 ms and 250–290 ms post-stimulus onset. At 180–220 ms, within the young, the MMR was found at medial electrode sites, whereas aged did not show any amplitude difference between the stimulus types at the same latency range. At 250–290 ms, the MMR was evident with attenuated amplitude and narrowed scalp distribution among aged (Fz) compared to young (fronto-centrally and lateral parietal sites). Hence, the results reveal that the somatosensory change detection mechanism is altered in aging. The sMMR can be used as a reliable measure of age-related changes in sensory-cognitive functions.
The luminous and dark matter content of disk galaxies

We have compiled a sample of disk galaxies with available photometry in the B and K bands, velocity line-widths and HI integral fluxes. Several parameters that trace the luminous, baryonic and dark matter contents were inferred. We investigated how these parameters vary with different galaxy properties, and compared the results with predictions of galaxy evolutionary models in the context of the A Cold Dark Matter (ACDM) cosmogony. The ratio of disk-to-total maximum circular velocity, (V d , m /V t , m ), depends mainly on the central disk surface density Σ d , 0 (or surface brightness, SB), increasing roughly as Σ d , 0 0.15. While a fraction of high SB galaxies have a (V d , m /V t , m ) ratio corresponding to the maximum disk solution, the low SB are completely dark matter dominated. The trend is similar for the models, although they have slightly smaller (V d , m /V t , m ) ratios than observations, in particular at the highest SBs and when small baryon fractions are used. The scatter in the (V d , m /V t , m ) - Σ d , 0 plot is large. An analysis of residuals shows that (V d , m /V t , m ) tends to decrease as the galaxy is redder, more luminous (massive), and of earlier type. The models allow us to explain the physics of these results, which imply a connexion between halo structure and luminous properties. The dynamical-to-baryon mass and dynamical mass-to-light (B and K) ratios at a given radius were also estimated. All these ratios, for observations and models, decrease with Σ d , 0 (or SB) and do not correlate significantly with the galaxy scale, contrary to what has been reported in previous works, based on the analysis of rotation curve shapes. We discuss this difference and state the importance of solving the controversy of whether the dark and luminous contents in disk galaxies depend on SB or luminosity. The broad agreement between the models and observations presented here regarding the trends of the dynamical-to-baryon matter and mass-to-light ratios with several galaxy properties favors the ACDM scenario. However, the excess of dark matter inside the optical region of disk galaxies remains the main difficulty.
An Examination of Privacy Policies of Global On-line E-pharmacies

This paper investigates the differences in privacy policy functions among 90 online pharmacy websites in nine countries in Europe, Asia and North America. Results from this study show that the majority of websites do have privacy policies, but the level of functional protection of consumers varies widely. Even in those countries where strong privacy laws exist, the level of privacy protection adherence is often very low. Most studies of privacy policy issues have concentrated on websites from developed nations, with few studies of the pharmacy industry. A better understanding of this industry, as well as understanding the differences in privacy policy implementation among developing and developed countries, provides important lessons for both businesses and consumers.
Classification of vertices and edges with respect to the geometric multiplicity of an eigenvalue in a matrix, with a given graph, over a field

Abstract We are interested in the geometric multiplicity of an identified eigenvalue of a matrix A over a general field with a given graph G for its off-diagonal entries. By the classification of a vertex (edge) of G, we refer to the change in the geometric multiplicity of when this vertex (edge) is removed from G to leave a principal submatrix (modification) of A. Such classification in the case of Hermitian matrices and trees has been strategic in the problem of determining the possible lists of multiplicities for the eigenvalues among matrices with the given graph. Here, our view of, and qualification of, the classification in the general setting provides a tool that makes some past arguments more transparent and provides new insight in both the classical and general setting. Some applications are given to general downer mechanisms for the recognition of Parter vertices and to the stability of geometric multiplicity under perturbation of a diagonal entry.
Bowlics: history, advances and applications

ABSTRACT There are three types of liquid crystals (LCs) in the world: rodics, discotics and bowlics, corresponding to one-, two- and three-dimensional molecules, respectively. The rodics were discovered by the Austrian, F. Reinitzer, in 1888 and is the material behind the LC display industry of $100 billion annually. The discotics were discovered by S. Chandrasekhar’s team in India, in 1977. The third type, bowlics, was proposed by a Chinese, LIN Lei (Lui LAM), in 1982 while working at the Institute of Physics, CAS, Beijing. Distinguished from the rodic and the discotic, a bowlic molecule breaks the up–down symmetry, and bowlic LCs are one of excellent candidates for switchable ferroelectrics with great potential applications in ultrahigh-density memory devices. The importance of strategic bowlic materials has recently attracted increasing attention of scientists from multiple disciplines and engineers from different backgrounds. In this review, the history of bowlics and their recent advances in molecular design, synthesis and applications are discussed.
Age Biased Technical and Organisational Change, Training and Employment Prospects of Older Workers

We analyse the role of training in mitigating the negative impact of technical and organizational changes on the employment prospects of older workers. Using a panel of French firms in the late 1990s, we first estimate wage bill share equations for different age groups. Consistently with what is found in the literature, we find that adopting new technologies and innovative work practices negatively affects the wage bill share of older workers. In contrast, training older workers more than average increases their share in the wage bill in the next period. So, training contributes to offset the negative impact of ICT and innovative work practices. However, it does not reduce the age bias associated with these innovative devices: the interaction terms between training and ICT/innovative work practices are either insignificant or negative. As a second step, we estimate the impact of ICT, innovative work practices and training on employment flows by age group in the next period. We get similar results to those obtained with wage bill shares. Overall, training appears to have a positive impact on the employability of older workers, but it offers limited prospects to dampen the age bias associated with new technologies and innovative work practices.
DIRECTION GÉNÉRALE DES ÉTUDES ET DES RELATIONS INTERNATIONALES VOTING IN COMMITTEE: FIRM VALUE VS. BACK SCRATCHING

In this paper, I study how the CEO’s election can be biased if some directors in the board belong to the same network. I use a static Bayesian game. Directors want to elect the best candidate but they also want to vote for the winner. In that context, results show that, when no candidate is part of the network, boards with a network perform better in electing the right candidate. On the other hand, it becomes detrimental for stockholders if one candidate is part of the network. Indeed, compared to a situation where there are no interconnections between directors, the directors who are members of a network vote more often for the candidate they think is best, rather than for the one they think might win. The ones who are not part of the network follow their lead. Thus the network has power on the result of the election and therefore limits the power of the future CEO.
The FuGas 2.3 Framework for Atmosphere–Ocean Coupling: Comparing Algorithms for the Estimation of Solubilities and Gas Fluxes

Accurate estimates of the atmosphere–ocean fluxes of greenhouse gases and dimethyl sulphide (DMS) have great importance in climate change models. A significant part of these fluxes occur at the coastal ocean which, although much smaller than the open ocean, have more heterogeneous conditions. Hence, Earth System Modelling (ESM) requires representing the oceans at finer resolutions which, in turn, requires better descriptions of the chemical, physical and biological processes. The standard formulations for the solubilities and gas transfer velocities across air–water surfaces are 36 and 24 years old, and new alternatives have emerged. We have developed a framework combining the related geophysical processes and choosing from alternative formulations with different degrees of complexity. The framework was tested with fine resolution data from the European coastal ocean. Although the benchmark and alternative solubility formulations generally agreed well, their minor divergences yielded differences of up to 5.8% for CH4 dissolved at the ocean surface. The transfer velocities differ strongly (often more than 100%), a consequence of the benchmark empirical wind-based formulation disregarding significant factors that were included in the alternatives. We conclude that ESM requires more comprehensive simulations of atmosphere–ocean interactions, and that further calibration and validation is needed for the formulations to be able to reproduce it. We propose this framework as a basis to update with formulations for processes specific to the air–water boundary, such as the presence of surfactants, rain, the hydration reaction or biological activity.
The Macroeconomy and the Yield Curve: A Dynamic Latent Factor Approach

We estimate a model that summarizes the yield curve using latent factors (specifically, level, slope, and curvature) and also includes observable macroeconomic variables (specifically, real activity, inflation, and the monetary policy instrument). Our goal is to provide a characterization of the dynamic interactions between the macroeconomy and the yield curve. We find strong evidence of the effects of macro variables on future movements in the yield curve and evidence for a reverse influence as well. We also relate our results to the expectations hypothesis.
A global minimization algorithm for Tikhonov functionals with p − convex ( p ≥ 2 ) penalty terms in Banach spaces

We extend the globally convergent TIGRA method in Ramlau (2003 Inverse Prob. 19 433–65) for the computation of a minimizer of the Tikhonov-type functional with the p − convex ( p ≥ 2 ) penalty terms Θ for nonlinear forward operators in Banach spaces. The Θ are allowed to be non-smooth to include L p − L 1 or L p − TV (total variation) functionals, which are significant in reconstructing special features of solutions such as sparsity and discontinuities. The proposed TIGRA-Θ method uses a dual gradient descent method in the inner iteration and linearly decreases the regularization parameter in the outer iteration. We present the global convergence analysis for the algorithm under suitable parameter selections, and the convergence rate results are provided under both a priori and a posteriori stopping rules. Two numerical examples—an auto-convolution problem and a parameter identification problem—are presented to illustrate the theoretic analysis and verify the effectiveness of the method.
Effective Constraint of RTA Models Utilizing Microseismicity Derived Flow Attributes

: Common approaches based on event locations have not been able to effectively identify the connected volume leading to production. Utilizing the collective statistical behavior of seismicity, including their source characteristics, the underlying dynamic response of the reservoir through their spatial-temporal interaction during stimulation can be identified. We have successfully been able to descriptively identify the role of interacting rock properties, fracture state, and stress state, and how they can be used to construct reservoir descriptions that specify where flow and production volumes are most likely to be located relative to the treatment wellbore. By utilizing production data for a multi-well pad program in the Duvernay formation, a calibration of the dynamic parameters with RTA has been established which reduces the uncertainty of possible reservoir descriptions for model-based production forecasting. The synchronization of these data, coupled with production logs, geologic information, and fracture state, lead to an understanding of the effective, non-uniform fracture properties across the lateral of a horizontal well. The coupling of these techniques demonstrates a practical and transparent approach to enhancing reservoir characterization and improving decisions for field development design and adaptations to in-field stimulations in near real-time. A workflow for production and microseismic data integration is presented. The case studied examined provides definitive locations of stimulated reservoir volume (SRV) from dynamic parameter analysis (DPA), which corroborates the observed well performance data behavior; namely well interference effects and relative performance differences between wells.
A constant factor approximation algorithm for generalized min-sum set cover

Consider the following generalized min-sum set cover or multiple intents re-ranking problem proposed by Azar et al. (STOC 2009). We are given a universe of elements and a collection of subsets, with each set S having a covering requirement of K(S). The objective is to pick one element at a time such that the average covering time of the sets is minimized, where the covering time of a set S is the first time at which K(S) elements from it have been selected. There are two well-studied extreme cases of this problem: (i) when K(S) = 1 for all sets, we get the min-sum set cover problem, and (ii) when K(S) = |S| for all sets, we get the minimum-latency set cover problem. Constant factor approximations are known for both these problems. In their paper, Azar et al. considered the general problem and gave a logarithmic approximation algorithm for it. In this paper, we improve their result and give a simple randomized constant factor approximation algorithm for the generalized min-sum set cover problem.