Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Paradoxical Effects of Prolonged Insufficient Sleep on Lipid Profile: A Pooled Analysis of 2 Randomized Trials

Background Insufficient sleep is associated with increased cardiovascular disease risk, but causality is unclear. We investigated the impact of prolonged mild sleep restriction (SR) on lipid and inflammatory profiles. Methods and Results Seventy‐eight participants (56 women [12 postmenopausal]; age, 34.3±12.5 years; body mass index, 25.8±3.5 kg/m2) with habitual sleep duration 7 to 9 h/night (adequate sleep [AS]) underwent two 6‐week conditions in a randomized crossover design: AS versus SR (AS–1.5 h/night). Total cholesterol, low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL‐C), high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, and inflammatory markers (CRP [C‐reactive protein], interleukin 6, and tumor necrosis factor‐α) were assessed. Linear models tested effects of SR on outcomes in the full sample and by sex+menopausal status (premenopausal versus postmenopausal women+men). In the full sample, SR increased high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol compared with AS (β=1.2±0.5 mg/dL; P=0.03). Sex+menopausal status influenced the effects of SR on change in total cholesterol (P‐interaction=0.04), LDL‐C (P‐interaction=0.03), and interleukin 6 (P‐interaction=0.07). Total cholesterol and LDL‐C decreased in SR versus AS in premenopausal women (total cholesterol: β=−4.2±1.9 mg/dL; P=0.03; LDL‐C: β=−6.3±2.0 mg/dL; P=0.002). Given paradoxical effects of SR on cholesterol concentrations, we explored associations between changes in inflammation and end point lipids under each condition. Increases in interleukin 6 and tumor necrosis factor‐α during SR tended to relate to lower LDL‐C in premenopausal women (interleukin 6: β=−5.3±2.6 mg/dL; P=0.051; tumor necrosis factor‐α: β=−32.8±14.2 mg/dL; P=0.027). Conclusions Among healthy adults, prolonged insufficient sleep does not increase atherogenic lipids. However, increased inflammation in SR tends to predict lower LDL‐C in premenopausal women, resembling the “lipid paradox” in which low cholesterol associates with increased cardiovascular disease risk in proinflammatory conditions. Registration URL: https://www.clinicaltrials. gov; Unique identifiers: NCT02835261, NCT02960776.
The interplay of permeability and fluid properties as a first order control of heat transport, venting temperatures and venting salinities at mid-ocean ridge hydrothermal systems

Geofluids (2010) 10, 132–141 Abstract While the fundamental influence of fluid properties on venting temperatures in mid-ocean ridge (MOR) hydrothermal systems is now well established, the potential interplay of fluid properties with permeability in controlling heat transfer, venting temperatures, and venting salinities has so far received little attention. A series of numerical simulations of fully transient fluid flow in a generic, across-axis model of a MOR with a heat input equivalent to magmatic supply at a spreading rate of 10 cm year−1 shows a strong dependence of venting temperature and salinity on the system’s permeability. At high permeability, venting temperatures are low because fluid fluxes are so high that the basal conductive heating cannot warm the large fluid masses rapidly enough. The highest venting temperature around 400°C as well as sub-seafloor fluid phase separation occur when the permeability is just high enough that the fluid flux can still accommodate all heat input for advection, or for lower permeabilities where advection is no longer capable to transfer all incoming magmatic heat. In the latter case, additional mechanisms such as eruptions of basaltic magma may become relevant in balancing heat flow in MOR settings. The results can quantitatively be explained by the ‘fluxibility’ hypothesis of Jupp & Schultz (Nature, 403, 2000, 880), which is used to derive diagrams for the relations between basal heat input, permeability and venting temperatures. Its predictive capabilities are tested against additional simulations. Potential implications of this work are that permeability in high-temperature MOR hydrothermal systems may be lower than previously thought and that low-temperature systems at high permeability may be an efficient way of removing heat at MOR.
Modern Achalasia: Diagnosis, Classification, and Treatment

Achalasia is a major esophageal motor disorder featured by the altered relaxation of the esophagogastric junction in the absence of effective peristaltic activity. As a consequence of the esophageal outflow obstruction, achalasia patients present with clinical symptoms of dysphagia, chest pain, weight loss, and regurgitation of indigested food. Other less specific symptoms can also present including heartburn, chronic cough, and aspiration pneumonia. The delay in diagnosis, particularly when the presenting symptoms mimic those of gastroesophageal reflux disease, may be as long as several years. The widespread use of high-resolution manometry has permitted earlier detection and uncovered achalasia phenotypes which can have prognostic and therapeutic implications. Other tools have also emerged to help define achalasia severity and which can be used as objective measures of response to therapy including the timed barium esophagogram and the functional lumen imaging probe. Such diagnostic innovations, along with the increased awareness by clinicians and patients due to the availability of alternative therapeutic approaches (laparoscopic and robotic Heller myotomy, and peroral endoscopic myotomy) have radically changed the natural history of the disorder. Herein, we report the most recent advances in the diagnosis, classification, and management of esophageal achalasia and underline the still-grey areas that needs to be addressed by future research to reach the goal of personalizing treatment.
Social jetlag longitudinally predicts internalizing and externalizing behavior for adolescent females, but not males

ABSTRACT Biological changes contribute to preferences for later bed and wake times during adolescence, yet the social constraints of school start times necessitate early wake times. This often results in social jetlag (i.e. misalignment between preferred sleep timing on weekends and school days). We examined whether social jetlag predicts adolescent internalizing and externalizing behavior over time and/or whether associations differ based on sex. We used data from the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Study of Early Child Care and Youth Development Study (n = 767) to test whether social jetlag at 6th grade (ages 12–13 years) predicted internalizing and externalizing behavior at age 15 years and whether child sex moderated associations. Controlling for internalizing and externalizing behavior at 6th grade (ages 12–13 years), results were that social jetlag at 6th grade (ages 12–13 years) predicted more internalizing and externalizing behaviors at age 15 for females, but not males. These findings show that social jetlag during early adolescence confers risk for internalizing and externalizing behavior in females at mid-adolescence. Greater attention should be placed on identifying and addressing social jetlag in adolescent females.
Seasonality of the North Atlantic Oscillation

Abstract Monthly sea level pressure (SLP) data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction reanalysis for 1948–99 are used to develop a seasonally and geographically varying “mobile” index of the North Atlantic oscillation (NAOm). NAOm is defined as the difference between normalized SLP anomalies at the locations of maximum negative correlation between the subtropical and subpolar North Atlantic SLP. The subtropical nodal point migrates westward and slightly northward into the central North Atlantic from winter to summer. The NAOm index is robust across datasets, and correlates more highly than EOF coefficients with historical measures of westerly wind intensity across North Atlantic midlatitudes. As measured by this “mobile index,” the NAO’s nodes maintain their correlation from winter to summer to a greater degree than traditional NAO indices based on fixed stations in the eastern North Atlantic (Azores, Lisbon, Iceland). When the NAOm index is extended back to 1873, its annual values during .
The Importance of Destination Attributes: Western and Asian Visitors

ABSTRACT This study focused on the relationships between dimensions of national culture and the importance Asian and Western visitors attach to destination attributes. Based on a sample 522 international visitors (310 from Western and 212 from Asian cultures), the results revealed differences between the two groups suggesting different preferences and consumption patterns. In addition, the analysis revealed attributes deemed important by all respondents regardless of their cultural orientation. Hence these findings highlight what attributes should be evoked in promotional strategies for each of the two groups separately, and where there are important commonalities that should be communicated to all visitors regardless of cultural orientation.
Tyramine and its Amtyr1 receptor modulate attention in honey bees (Apis mellifera)

Animals must learn to ignore stimuli that are irrelevant to survival and attend to ones that enhance survival. When a stimulus regularly fails to be associated with an important consequence, subsequent excitatory learning about that stimulus can be delayed, which is a form of non-associative conditioning called ‘latent inhibition’. Honey bees show latent inhibition toward an odor they have experienced without association with food reinforcement. Moreover, individual honey bees from the same colony differ in the degree to which they show latent inhibition, and these individual differences have a genetic basis. To investigate the mechanisms that underly individual differences in latent inhibition, we selected two honey bee lines for high and low latent inhibition, respectively. We crossed those lines and mapped a Quantitative Trait Locus (QTL) for latent inhibition to a region of the genome that contains the tyramine receptor gene Amtyr11. We then show that disruption of Amtyr1 signaling either pharmacologically or through RNAi qualitatively changes the expression of latent inhibition but has little effect on appetitive conditioning, and these results suggest that AmTYR1 modulates inhibitory processing in the CNS. Electrophysiological recordings from the brain during pharmacological blockade are consistent with a model that AmTYR1 indirectly regulates Hebbian plasticity at inhibitory synapses in the CNS. Finally, sequencing Amtyr1 and its up and downstream genomic region for high and low line workers suggested that individual differences might arise from variation in transcriptional control rather than structural changes in the coding region. Our results therefore identify a distinct modulatory pathway for this type of non-associative learning, and we propose a model for how it modulates Hebbian plasticity at defined synapses in the CNS. We have shown elsewhere how this modulation also underlies potentially adaptive intracolonial learning differences among individuals that benefit colony survival.
Pore networks in Holocene carbonate sediments

ABSTRACT Permeabilities of Holocene carbonate sediments from Florida and the Bahamas, determined for 74 samples by water flow rates in a "variable-head" permeameter, range from 0.6 to 57,000 millidarcies. Porosities range from 40 to 78 percent. These parameters are related to depositional texture as follows: Table The muddiest sediments (i.e., the finest-grained) have the highest porosities but lowest permeabilities; this negative correlation between porosity and permeability is the reverse of the situation found in carbonate rocks, even as young as Pleistocene. High porosity and low permeability in sediments show a strong correlation with percentage of fines (<62 µm). From capillary pressure curves it is inferred that many of the pore throats of muddy carbonate sediments are less than 1 µm in diameter, at least after drying. Measured permeabilities are used to calculate cementation rates for simple models of upper phreatic zone cementation; the calculated rates would require excessive time to produce the degree of cementation seen in Late Pleistocene rocks of Florida and the Bahamas. The amounts of rainfall and evaporation are the most important factors in the degree of cementation.
The opportunistic protist, Giardia intestinalis, occurs in gut-healthy humans in a high-income country

ABSTRACT Giardia intestinalis, a cosmopolitan gastrointestinal protist, is detected mainly in patients with clinical giardiasis in high-income countries. In contrast, there is very little information on the presence of Giardia in asymptomatic individuals. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the presence and prevalence of Giardia in gut-healthy volunteers in the Czech Republic and to perform a comparative evaluation of different diagnostic methods, since Giardia diagnostics is complicated. Our results confirmed that the qPCR method is the most sensitive method for detecting Giardia and revealed a prevalence of 7% (22/296) in asymptomatic individuals. In most cases, the colonization intensity ranged from 10−1–101. A conventional PCR protocol targeting the TPI gene was used to identify the assemblages. However, this protocol had limited sensitivity for Giardia amplification, effectively detecting colonization above an intensity of 104. In addition, Giardia was detected in 19% of the animals, which were closely associated with the study participants. However, due to methodological limitations, zoonotic transmission could not be clearly confirmed. Notably, contact with animals proved to be the only factor that had a significant impact on the incidence of Giardia in gut-healthy humans.
Ambient tremors in a collisional orogenic belt

Deep‐seated tectonic tremors have been regarded as an observation tied to interconnected fluids at depth, which have been well documented in worldwide subduction zones and transform faults but not in a collisional mountain belt. In this study we explore the general features of collisional tremors in Taiwan and discuss the possible generation mechanism. In the 4 year data, we find 231 ambient tremor episodes with durations ranging from 5 to 30 min. In addition to a coseismic slip‐induced stress change from nearby major earthquake, increased tremor rate is also highly correlated with the active, normal faulting earthquake swarms at the shallower depth. Both the tremor and earthquake swarm activities are confined in a small, area where the high attenuation, high thermal anomaly, the boundary between high and low resistivity, and localized veins on the surfaces distributed, suggesting the involvement of fluids from metamorphic dehydration within the orogen.
Parageneses and compositional variations of Sb oxyminerals from Långban-type deposits in Värmland, Sweden

Abstract The Långban, Nordmark and Jakobsberg Mn-Fe deposits contain the only known occurrences of filipstadite and manganostibite (ideal formulae (Mn, Mg)2(Sb0.5+5 Fe0.5+3 )O4 and Mn72+SbAsO12, respectively). Filipstadite from Nordmark is newly recognized, and occurs in assemblages with svabite-johnbaumite, calcite, tephroite-forsterite, phlogopite-kinoshitalite, tilasite, ±jacobsite, ±plumbian roméite, ±adelite, ±hedyphane. Manganostibite from Långban and Jakobsberg is reported for the first time, and the mineral is generally associated with katoptrite, tephroite, humite-group minerals, calcite, svabite, allactite, manganosite, hausmannite, jacobsite, spinel s.s. , etc. Whereas filipstadite is clearly secondary relative to the major part of the matrix components, manganostibite is believed to have formed coevally with the principal ore and skam minerals at these deposits. The previously known compositional ranges are extended. Based on electron-microprobe analyses, Nordmark filipstadite contains 4.1−7.3 MgO, 0.0−0.5 Al2O3,30.5−45.3 MnO, 17.0−40.1 Fe2O3, 0.2-0.9 ZnO, 19.9−29.9 Sb2O5 (all in wt.%), corresponding to 58−100 mol. % of a pure filipstadite component. Associated jacobsites show Sb2O2 contents of up to c. 5 wt. %. Manganostibites (all three deposits considered) contain 1.0−2.9 MgO, 2.8−3.8 Sit2, 57.4−60.3 MnO, 0.2-3.5 Mn203, 0.3-2.0 Fe203, 0.0-2.4 ZnO, 21.5−23.0 Sb2O5, 7.7−10.0 As2O5 (all in wt.%). Si and trivalent cations are incorporated via a (Mn3+ ,Fe3+) + Si4+ = Mn2+ + As5+ exchange mechanism, which improves the local charge-balance at tetrahedral structural sites dominated by As.
Modelling a Consultant Workforce for the United Kingdom: needs-based planning for Dental Public Health.

OBJECTIVE To develop a needs-based workforce planning model to explore specialist workforce capacity and capability for the effective, efficient, and safe provision of services in the United Kingdom (UK); and test the model using Dental Public Health (DPH). BASIC RESEARCH DESIGN Data from a national workforce survey, national audit, and specialty workshops in 2020 and 2021 set the parameters for a safe effective DPH workforce. A working group drawing on external expertise, developed a conceptual workforce model which informed the mathematical modelling, taking a Markovian approach. The latter enabled the consideration of possible scenarios relating to workforce development. It involved exploration of capacity within each career stage in DPH across a time horizon of 15 years. Workforce capacity requirements were calculated, informed by past principles. RESULTS Currently an estimated 100 whole time equivalent (WTE) specialists are required to provide a realistic basic capacity nationally for DPH across the UK given the range of organisations, population growth, complexity and diversity of specialty roles. In February 2022 the specialty had 53.55 WTE academic/service consultants, thus a significant gap. The modelling evidence suggests a reduction in DPH specialist capacity towards a steady state in line with the current rate of training, recruitment and retention. The scenario involving increasing training numbers and drawing on other sources of public health trained dentists whilst retaining expertise within DPH has the potential to build workforce capacity. CONCLUSIONS Current capacity is below basic requirements and approaching 'steady state'. Retention and innovative capacity building are required to secure and safeguard the provision of specialist DPH services to meet the needs of the UK health and care systems.
Triassic floras of Argentina: Biostratigraphy, floristic events and comparison with other areas of Gondwana and Laurasia

Study of the Triassic floristic record of several stratigraphic units of southern and west‐central Argentina has permitted recognition of five Assemblage Biozones and three Stages, defined on the basis of Assemblage Biozone chronology, analysis of main stratigraphic unconformities, and evolution of basin infill. These stages are each characterised by a floristic events: a) appearance of mesophytic elements and coexistence of Palaeozoic and Mesozoic groups (Barrealian); b) maximum diversification of the Dicroidium Flora (Cortaderitian); and c) decline of the Dicroidium Flora and replacement by morphotypes with strong Jurassic affinity (Florian). The Triassic geological record of Argentina, notable for the remarkable continuity of fossil floras, has great potential for long‐distance correlations. Using floristic events recognised in SW Gondwana, a global chart shows the bio‐ and chronostratigraphic units, and compares them with Triassic floras described from the Eastern Province of extratropical Gondwana, and Laurasia.
A Comparison of Culture Results and Visual Acuity in Contact Lens Related Microbial Keratitis

Abstract Purpose Evaluate the effect of corneal and contact lens-related (CLR) culture results on visual acuity (VA) in patients with microbial keratitis (MK). Methods MK patients with corneal and CLR cultures were identified in the University of Michigan electronic health record from August 2012 to April 2022. Test results were classified as laboratory-positive or laboratory-negative. Linear regression was used to examine trends of VA and associations between changes in VA (differences of VA at 90-day and baseline VA) and corneal and CLR culture results, after adjustment for baseline VA. One-sample t-tests were used to test if the slope estimates were different from zero. Results MK patients (n = 50) were on average 49 years old (standard deviation = 20.9), 56% female, and 90% White. Positive corneal and CLR cultures were reported in 60% and 64% of patients, respectively, and 38% reported both. The agreement rate between corneal and CLR culture results was 30% (n = 15/50). LogMAR VA improved over time in patients with positive corneal and CLR cultures (Estimate=-0.19 per 10-day increase, p = 0.002), and in those with negative corneal and positive CLR cultures (Estimate= −0.17 per 10-day increase, p = 0.004). Compared to patients with negative corneal and CLR cultures, there was a trend toward improvement in VA for patients with positive corneal and CLR cultures (Estimate=-0.68, p = 0.068), and those with negative corneal and positive CLR cultures (Estimate= −0.74, p = 0.059), after adjusting for baseline VA. Conclusions Positive CLR cultures are associated with significant improvement in VA over time. These additional cultures can provide guidance on appropriate antimicrobial selection, especially when corneal cultures are negative.
Cerebrovascular Reactivity in Patients With Small Vessel Disease: A Cross-Sectional Study

BACKGROUND: Cerebrovascular reactivity (CVR) is inversely related to white matter hyperintensity severity, a marker of cerebral small vessel disease (SVD). Less is known about the relationship between CVR and other SVD imaging features or cognition. We aimed to investigate these cross-sectional relationships. METHODS: Between 2018 and 2021 in Edinburgh, we recruited patients presenting with lacunar or cortical ischemic stroke, whom we characterized for SVD features. We measured CVR in subcortical gray matter, normal-appearing white matter, and white matter hyperintensity using 3T magnetic resonance imaging. We assessed cognition using Montreal Cognitive Assessment. Statistical analyses included linear regression models with CVR as outcome, adjusted for age, sex, and vascular risk factors. We reported regression coefficients with 95% CIs. RESULTS: Of 208 patients, 182 had processable CVR data sets (median age, 68.2 years; 68% men). Although the strength of association depended on tissue type, lower CVR in normal-appearing tissues and white matter hyperintensity was associated with larger white matter hyperintensity volume (BNAWM=−0.0073 [95% CI, −0.0133 to −0.0014] %/mm Hg per 10-fold increase in percentage intracranial volume), more lacunes (BNAWM=−0.00129 [95% CI, −0.00215 to −0.00043] %/mm Hg per lacune), more microbleeds (BNAWM=−0.00083 [95% CI, −0.00130 to −0.00036] %/mm Hg per microbleed), higher deep atrophy score (BNAWM=−0.00218 [95% CI, −0.00417 to −0.00020] %/mm Hg per score point increase), higher perivascular space score (BNAWM=−0.0034 [95% CI, −0.0066 to −0.0002] %/mm Hg per score point increase in basal ganglia), and higher SVD score (BNAWM=−0.0048 [95% CI, −0.0075 to −0.0021] %/mm Hg per score point increase). Lower CVR in normal-appearing tissues was related to lower Montreal Cognitive Assessment without reaching convention statistical significance (BNAWM=0.00065 [95% CI, −0.00007 to 0.00137] %/mm Hg per score point increase). CONCLUSIONS: Lower CVR in patients with SVD was related to more severe SVD burden and worse cognition in this cross-sectional analysis. Longitudinal analysis will help determine whether lower CVR predicts worsening SVD severity or vice versa. REGISTRATION: URL: https://www.isrctn. com; Unique identifier: ISRCTN12113543.