Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effects of the Ethyne Flow Ratio on Structures and Mechanical Properties of Reactive High Power Impulse Magnetron Sputtering Deposited Chromium-Carbon Films

Chromium-carbon films were deposited by utilizing reactive high-power impulse magnetron sputtering with different mixture ratios of ethyne and argon with a constant deposition total pressure while the deposition temperature, pulse frequency, duty cycle and average power of the chromium cathode remain the same. The microstructure and chemical bonding of the obtained films within different composition were compared. The results show that with the increasing ethyne ratio, the carbon content in films increases linearly with two slopes. Moreover, the microstructure of the deposited film changes from a dense glassy structure into a columnar structure, even a clusters structure. The sp2-C bonding in films decreases but the Cr–C bonding increases with decreasing the ethyne ratio. This reveals the main phase of films changes from a hydrogenated amorphous carbon phase into a glassy amorphous chromium carbide phase. Such changes of the microstructure and phase cause a large difference on the film hardness and elasticity.
Kinetics of CO2 Adsorption/Desorption of Polyethyleneimine‐Mesoporous Silica

The kinetics of adsorption of CO2 on solid sorbents based on polyethyleneimine/mesoporous silica (PEI/MPS) was studied by following the mass gain during CO2 flow. The desorption kinetics was also investigated. A linear (PEI-423) and a branched (PEI-10k), both with similar nitrogen contents, were chosen for this study. The solid sorbents were synthesized by impregnating the PEI materials into MPS foam. The kinetics of adsorption was fitted with a double exponential model in which the first exponential component describing the surface adsorption and the second one for the diffusion of CO2 into the silica pores. On the other hand, the desorption process obeyed a simple first order kinetics. The activation energy of desorption off PEI-423 was lower than that of PEI-10k, presumably, because the first imine is linear but the latter is branched, thus needed more energy to have its nitrogen well exposed to CO2. In an attempt to increase the CO2 sorption capacity, the MPS was first treated by non-ionic surfactant materials prior to impregnation with PEI. The surfactants treatment enhanced the CO2 sorpitivity by ~ 10% due to accelerating the kinetics of surface adsorption; revealing that the surfactant assisted the dispersion of the PEI onto the MPS surface. The surfactant effect was not only limited to improving the sorption capacity, but also lowered both the maximum sorption temperature and the desorption activation energies.
Study the role of c-reactive protein and thrombocytopenia in diagnosing early neonatal sepsis

Background: In clinical practice, early detection of neonatal sepsis remains difficult. Neonatal sepsis diagnosis is a challenge because of its non-specific presentation and the low sensitivity of the time-consuming bacterial cultures. So, many sepsis markers, like C-reactive protein (CRP) and platelet count, are emerging to improve its diagnosis. The aim of the study was to evaluate the role of CRP and platelet count in early neonatal sepsisMethods: This study was conducted in the department of SNCU in Virudhunagar Government Headquarters hospital, 50 neonates with culture-confirmed sepsis were included. Before antibiotic treatment, neonates CRP and platelet count, and other inflammatory markers were assessed.Results: In 50 newborns, culture was positive in 22 cases, CRP was positive in 24 cases, and thrombocytopenia in 18 cases. In 22 culture-positive cases, 19 cases are CRP positive, and 17 cases had thrombocytopenia. In 17 culture-positive thrombocytopenia cases, 16 cases are Gram-negative stain, 1 case is Gram-positive stain.Conclusions: CRP and Platelet can be helpful in the future diagnosis of neonatal sepsis, despite being promising and convenient markers for neonatal sepsis.
Toward Preventing Accidents in Process Industries by Inferring the Cognitive State of Control Room Operators through Eye Tracking

While modern chemical plants have numerous layers of protection to ensure safety, the human operator is often the final arbiter, especially during abnormal situations. It is therefore not surprising that when operators lose control over the plant, undesirable consequences including property damage, injury, and sometimes loss of lives follow. It is therefore important to continuously monitor the plant operators’ situation awareness based on their cognitive state. In this study, we make the first known attempt to infer the cognitive state of control room operators and its evolution over the course of carrying out tasks in a control room. First, we study the operator’s actions to distinguish consistent actions from inconsistent ones that allows us to identify major events in the evolution of their cognitive state. Next, we conduct experimental studies with human participants and explore the evolution of their cognitive state through patterns in their eye tracking data. Our studies reveal that two eye trackin.
Occupational Characteristics Moderate Personality–Performance Relations in Major Occupational Groups

Personality predicts performance, but the moderating influence of occupational characteristics on its performance relations remains underexamined. Accordingly, we conduct second-order metaanalyses of the Big Five traits and occupational performance (i.e., supervisory ratings of overall job performance or objective performance outcomes). We identify 15 meta-analyses reporting 47 effects for 9 major occupational groups (clerical, customer service, healthcare, law enforcement, management, military, professional, sales, and skilled/semiskilled), which represent N = 89,639 workers across k = 539 studies. We also integrate data from the Occupational Information Network (O*NET) concerning two occupational characteristics: 1) expert ratings of Big Five trait relevance to its occupational requirements; and 2) its level of occupational complexity. We report three major findings. First, relations differ considerably across major occupational groups. Conscientiousness predicts across all groups, but other traits have higher validities when they are more relevant to occupational requirements: agreeableness for healthcare; emotional stability for skilled/semiskilled, law enforcement, and military; extraversion for sales and management; and openness for professional. Second, expert ratings of trait relevance mostly converge with empirical relations. For 77% of occupational groups, the top-two most highly rated traits match the top-two most highly predictive traits. Third, occupational complexity moderates personality–performance relations. When groups are ranked by complexity, multiple correlations generally follow an inverse-U shaped pattern, which suggests that moderate complexity levels may be a “goldilocks range” for personality prediction. Altogether, results demonstrate that occupational characteristics are important, if often overlooked, contextual variables. We close by discussing implications of findings for research, practice, and policy.
Evaluation of the Quality of Irrigation Machinery by Monitoring Changes in the Coefficients of Uniformity and Non-Uniformity of Irrigation

Recently, the development of agricultural technology has been focused on achieving higher reliability and quality of work. The aim of the presented paper was to examine the possibilities of evaluating the quality of work of wide-area irrigation machinery by monitoring the coefficients of uniformity and non-uniformity of irrigation. The object of the research was pivot irrigation machinery equipped with sprinklers with a total length from 230 to 540 m. The commonly applied quality of work parameter for wide-range irrigators is the irrigation uniformity coefficient according to Heermann and Hein CUH. Work quality evaluations were also carried out through other parameters applicable in practice, such as irrigation uniformity coefficients calculated according to Christiansen CU, Wilcox and Swailes Cws, and our introduced parameters, the coefficient ar (derived from the degree of unevenness according to Oehler) and the degree of uniformity γr (derived from the degree of non-uniformity according to Voight). Other applied parameters for determining the quality of work of wide-range irrigation machinery were the coefficients of irrigation uniformity according to Hart and Reynolds CUhr, further according to Criddle CUcr and subsequently according to Beale and Howell CUbr. Next, the parameters of the non-uniformity coefficient according to Oehler a, the coefficient of variation according to Stefanelli Cv, the degree of non-uniformity according to Voigt γ and the degree of non-uniformity according to Hofmeister Ef were evaluated. Field tests were performed during the growing season of cultivated crops (potatoes, corn and sugar beet) in the village of Trakovice (agricultural enterprise SLOV-MART, southwest of the Slovakia) and in the district of Piešťany (Agrobiop, joint stock company). During the research, the inlet operating parameters (speed stage, inlet pressure, irrigation dose), technical parameters (number of sprayers, total length, number of chassis) and weather conditions (wind speed and temperature) were recorded. The obtained results were examined by one-way ANOVA analysis depending on the observed coefficient or input conditions and subsequently verified by Tukey and Duncan tests as needed. Irrigation uniformity values ranged from 67.58% (Cws) to 95.88% (CUbh) depending on the input conditions. Irrigation non-uniformity values ranged from 8.58 (a, Ef) to 32.42% (Cv). The results indicate a statistically significant effect of the site of interest and thus the impact of particular field conditions (p < 0.05). When evaluating the application of different coefficients of irrigation uniformity, the results showed a statistically significant effect only in the first test (p = 0.03, p < 0.05). During further repeated measurements, the quality of work increased due to the performed inspection of all sprayers and the reduction in the influence of the wind.
Terahertz and Microwave Optical Properties of Single-Crystal Quartz and Vitreous Silica and the Behavior of the Boson Peak

Z-cut single-crystal quartz and vitreous silica (silica glass or fused silica) were evaluated for use as reference materials for terahertz and microwave measurements of complex permittivity, with Z-cut quartz confirmed as being suitable. Measurements of refractive indices and absorption coefficients for o-ray and e-ray in quartz and for vitreous silica are reported at frequencies between 0.2 and 6 THz and at 36 and 144 GHz, and compared with data reported in the literature. A previously unreported broad band was seen in the extraordinary absorption of quartz. The Boson peak in silica glass absorption was examined, and for the first time, two negative relationships have been observed: between the refractive index and the Boson peak frequency, and between the Boson peak height and its frequency.
Reliable Work Function Determination of Multicomponent Surfaces and Interfaces: The Role of Electrostatic Potentials in Ultraviolet Photoelectron Spectroscopy

Ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy (UPS) is a key technique to determine the work function (Φ) of surfaces by measuring the secondary‐electron cut‐off (SECO). However, the interpretation of SECO spectra as obtained by UPS is not straightforward for multicomponent surfaces, and it is not comprehensively understood to what extent the length scale of inhomogeneity impacts the SECO. Here, this study unravels the physics governing the energy distribution of the SECO by experimentally and theoretically determining the electrostatic landscape above surfaces with defined patterns of Φ. For such samples, the measured SECO spectra exhibit actually two cut‐offs, one representing the high Φ surface component and the other one corresponding to an area‐averaged Φ value. By combining Kelvin probe force microscopy and electrostatic modeling, it is quantitatively demonstrated that the electrostatic potential of the high Φ areas leads to an additional energy barrier for the electrons emitted from the low Φ areas. Theoretical predictions of the induced energy barrier dependence on the Φ‐pattern length scale and sample bias are further experimentally verified. These findings establish a solid base for reliable SECO interpretation of heterogeneous surfaces and improved reliability of interfacial energy‐level diagrams from UPS experiments.
Chemical and Sensory Characteristics of Extruded Snack from Selected Aerial Yam (Dioscorea Bulbifera) Cultivar and African Breadfruit (Treculia Africana) Seed

ABSTRACT This study determined the influence of extrusion cooking on chemical and sensory characteristics of a selected cultivar of aerial yam flour (AYF) and African breadfruit seed flour (ABF) blends. Blends (68:32, 84:16, 88:12, 56:44, 77:23, 53:47, 59:41, 74:26, and 64:36) of AYF:ABF were formulated using response surface methodology and chemically analyzed. Each blend was mixed with same quantities of ingredients, hydrated to 17.5% moisture, and extruded at barrel temperature (120°C) and screw speed (70 rpm). Extruded snacks were evaluated for some chemical and sensory properties. Data were analyzed using ANOVA at α0. 05. Variation in blends significantly affected carbohydrate (76.58–69.55%), protein (8.80–13.59%), phenol (3.24–2.01 mg/g), and phytate (0.81–0.34 mg/g) contents of extruded snacks. Highest overall acceptability of the snack by the sensory evaluation panelists was 7.02. Extrusion cooking of flour blends of the selected cultivar of Dioscorea bulbifera and Treculia africana produced highly nutritious and acceptable snacks for human consumption.
Latent Heat Flux (Evapotranspiration) in Summer Season on Rooftop Greening Soil with Bamboo Charcoal Sublayer at a Building in West Japan

The effect of a thin and light greening system with bamboo charcoal layer for water retention on heat fluxes, in particular latent heat flux (evapotranspiration rate), under no irrigation condition, on the rooftop of a building in Higashi-Hiroshima, West Japan, was investigated. In April 2019, lawn seeds (Zoysia tenuifolia) were sown which were germinated, reached a height of 70 mm by May when 100% of the vegetation area was covered. The air temperature and humidity at two different heights (0.3 m and 1.8 m) above greening soil surface, latent, and sensible heat fluxes were estimated. Bowen ratio was employed to collect the data on surface heat balance and soil water content during the summer season (June to September) in 2019 on the rooftop of a building in Higashi-Hiroshima, West Japan. The latent heat during daytime for a week without rainfall in each month was compared with the evapotranspiration rate. Owning to the vegetation development, the ground heat flux on greening soil surface decreased from -400 W/m2 to -200 W/m2 (flux from air to soil) during sunny daytime in July, and it was less than -100 W/m2 in August, although net radiation was maintained around 800 W/m2 over the season except in September. The monthly net radiation flux for an entire day (daytime and nighttime) ranged between 55 and 125 W/m2 (average: 95 W/m2) for the summer season of which 32-66% (average: 48%) was occupied by latent heat. Evapotranspiration from greening soil ranged between 1.24 and 1.82 mm/day, averaged at 1.51 mm/day throughout the season, which corresponded to about 26% of total rainfall over the season ( r 2 = 0.88 , p < 0.01 ; S . E = 0.06 ) between the estimated and measured values. These observations suggested that the thin and bamboo coal light soil layer greening system, even without constant irrigation, could maintain the development of lawn grass and transformed more than half of net radiation to latent heat, i.e., evapotranspiration, insulating most ground heat in midsummer, which may be mostly due to bamboo charcoal sublayer.
Multivariable State-Feedback Controller Design for PV Inverter Connected to a Weak Grid

This paper presents a robust multi-input multi-output (MIMO) state-feedback control scheme for a photovoltaic (PV) inverter connected to a weak grid. For a weak grid, the point of common coupling (PCC) voltage is very sensitive to the power disturbances and it is dynamically coupled to the PLL dynamics. So far, most of the control methods do not take into accounts these couplings. Therefore, in this paper, the MIMO controller was designed taking into account the dynamics of the phase-locked loop (PLL) and coupling effects between PCC voltage and the active power to enhance the system’s robustness. As result, the robust performance of the PV inverter interfaced to a weak grid was yielded. In addition, the sensitivity of the system to PLL was eliminated, allowing the use of larger PLL bandwidth even in a very weak grid. Based on the eigenvalues analysis method, a comparative study between the proposed control method and the conventional vector control method was performed. The proposed method is verified with simulations in PLECS and real-time simulations in the RT Box. The results show that the proposed MIMO control method preserves the system stability robustness against any change of grid strength, generated power and PLL bandwidth.
Nonstationary Responses of Demersal Fishes to Environmental Variations in Temperate Waters of the Northwestern North Pacific under a Changing Climate

Although nonstationarity in marine ecosystems has attracted great attention, the nonstationary responses of demersal fishes to environmental variations induced by the changing climate are still not well understood. Here, we collected 21 time series of demersal fishes from 1956 to 2015 to investigate the climate-induced nonstationary responses in temperate waters of the northwestern North Pacific (NWP). We showed that these demersal fishes experienced state shifts in approximately 1986/87, accompanied by abrupt warming over this region. Moreover, the relationships between demersal fishes and sea surface temperature (SST) were found to change between the two identified eras (i.e., a weak relationship before 1986 and a strong negative relationship after 1986), which may be primarily caused by the alternating dominance of the East Asian winter monsoon and mega-ENSO on SST in temperate waters of the NWP. The identified climate-induced nonstationary responses of demersal fishes to SST variability in this study may provide implications for understanding climate-induced biological dynamics, predicting demersal fish fluctuations, coping with potential ecological risks, and the sustainable exploitation of fishery resources in the future climate. Note that the impact of fishing on the demersal fishes in temperate waters of the NWP was not assessed in this study due to the lack of fishing effort data and therefore the conclusions of our research should be approached with caution.
Efficiency Comparison of Analysis Methods for Recurrent Event and Time-to-First Event Endpoints in the Presence of Terminal Events—Application to Clinical Trials in Chronic Heart Failure

Abstract In clinical trials investigating treatments for chronic heart failure (CHF), a standard primary endpoint is the time to the first composite of hospitalization for heart failure or cardiovascular death (CVD). Since many patients experience several hospitalizations, there is interest in including recurrent hospitalizations into the primary endpoint to better capture disease burden. Several analysis methods have been proposed for recurrent event endpoints, mostly for the situation without a terminal event such as CVD. Only some methods explicitly account for terminal events, for example, the joint frailty model. We compare the power and Type I error rate of recurrent event methods with those of time-to-first event methods in the presence of terminal events. A special focus is the situation where treatment affects the risk of CVD. Our investigations are based on a simulation study, for which the scenarios are motivated by CHF trials, and based on bootstraping data from the Val-HeFT and PARADIGM-HF trials. We find that recurrent event methods can in many situations increase power considerably. But this is not always the case, for example, when there is high probability of treatment discontinuation after the first hospitalization. Also, for both recurrent and time-to-first event methods, the Type I error rate can be inflated in case of a detrimental treatment effect on CVD. Based on the simulation results we give recommendations on the choice of endpoint and analysis method for CHF trials.
Development evaluation of nature reserves under China’s forestry department: A spatiotemporal empirical study at the province level

It is important to evaluate the development level of nature reserves. In this study, we aimed to assess the development level of nature reserves under the administration of China’s forestry department in 31 provincial-level regions from 2005 to 2017 (excluding Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Macao Special Administrative Region, and Taiwan Province). For this purpose, we analyzed the spatial and temporal evolution of nature reserve development in different regions using projection pursuit and spatial econometric methods. In terms of temporal distribution, the development level of nature reserves has been steadily improving, and the growth rate showed the trend of “strong fast” and “weak slow”. However, the development gap among different provinces is large. In terms of spatial distribution, the development of nature reserves presented the characteristics of “high in the west and low in the east” and “high in the north and south and low in the middle. ” The endowment of natural resources, scientific research, and investment has a considerable effect on the development level of nature reserves. This study provides suggestions for the differential construction and sustainable development of nature reserves in China.
Dynamic System Model of the Role of Leadership Coaching on Employee Performance

Jakarta Cempaka Putih Islamic Hospital (RSI) experienced a decline in performance. Judging from the 2013 Bed Occupancy Rate (BOR) of 70.59%, it then dropped to 44.12% in 2016. Efforts to improve employee performance by coaching have been carried out, but not comprehensively in each Hospital unit. The study aims to look at the role of leadership coaching with a dynamic system model on employee performance at the Jakarta Cempaka Putih Hospital. Besides that, it is also to find out the role of inspirators, facilitators, motivators, as well as the pattern of system behavior characteristics between the role of leadership coaching on employee performance. Analytical research using quantitative methods with explanatory research design. The research sample was 86 taken by accidental sampling technique from the population of inpatient staff and medical support in May 2018. Data processing techniques were carried out in stages including univariate analysis, bivariate Chi-Square, multivariate logistic regression, and dynamic system models of causal loop diagrams formulated to the flow diagram. The instrument used in the form of a questionnaire. In general, the test results showed the influence of the role of leadership coaching on employee performance. Specifically, it shows the influence of the role of leadership coaching as an inspiration, facilitator, and motivator on employee performance. Then the pattern of system behavior characteristics for the next 10 years is in the form of exponential growth and in the next 20 years in the form of S-Shaped growth. Likewise, the behavior pattern of the coaching leadership system role for the next 10 years in the form of exponential growth. The leadership coaching role was found to have an effect on improving employee performance.