Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
IRRIGATION SCHEDULING FOR SOME WHEAT CULTIVARS THROUGH PAN EVAPORATION NORMS AND ITS EFFECT ON GROWTH, YIELD AND WATER USE EFFICIENCY Foaad,

A field experiment was conducted during two successive seasons of 2003/2004 and 2004/2005 at Giza Agric. Res. Station. The study aimed to identify the most effective coefficient of daily pan evaporation records (selected from 1.4, 1.2, 1.0 and 0.8) in scheduling the irrigation for some wheat cultivars namely Sids 1, Gemmeiza 7, Sakha 93 and Giza 168, in order to maximize crop and water productivity. The obtained results could be summarized as follows. 1The growth characters of plant height and leaf area index were significantly influenced due to the adopted irrigation regimes and generally, tended to increase as the coefficient of pan evaporation records increased. In addition, Gemmeiza 7 cultivar surpassed the other tested wheat cultivars to increase such characters. 2No of grains/spike and 1000-grain weight traits exhibited similar trends since scheduling irrigation according to 1.2 pan evaporation coefficient(PEC) resulted higher figures for such characters. Gemmeiza 7 surpassed the other tested wheat cultivars to increase such traits. The trait of No. of spikes/m 2 exhibited different trend since higher values were recorded under 1.0 and 1.2 PEC in the first and second seasons, respectively. Sids 1 and Gemmeiza 7 cultivars were superior to produce the highest No. of spikes/m 2 in the first and second seasons, respectively. 3Straw yield seemed to increase with increasing the value of PEC and Gemmeiza 7 cultivar is still superior to increase such trait more than the other tested wheat cultivars. The highest grain yield was obtained as irrigation was practiced according to 1.2 PEC and tended to reduce under the other assessed PEC treatments and this finding was true in the two seasons. 4All of agronomic, yield and yield components traits were significantly influenced as the adopted irrigation regimes interacted with the wheat cultivars under study. 5Number of applied irrigations and water consumptive use (CU) were increased as the value of PEC increased. Moreover, CU for wheat crop was significantly differed due to wheat cultivars, and Sids 1 consumed more water than the other tested wheat cultivars. 6The lowest water use efficiency (WUE) was recorded under 1.4 PEC, comparable to the other tested PEC values. Values of PEC i.e. 1.2, 1.0 and 0.8 exhibited similar WUE values in first season, while in the second season, WUE tended to decrease as PEC value decreased. Gemmeiza 7 surpassed the other tested wheat cultivars to produce more grain yield per the consumed water unit, and this was true in the two seasons of study.
The effect of organic fertilizers on growth several varieties of soybeans

This study aims to analyse the effect of three types of organic fertilizers on the vegetative growth several varieties of soybeans. This study used a factorial randomized block design with two treatment factors, namely organic fertilizers and varieties. The first factor is: organic fertilizer from 3 levels, namely: K1 (1.5 kg of compost), K2 (1.5 kg of goat manure), and K3 (1.5 kg of chicken manure). The second factor is: soybean plant varieties consist of 4 levels, namely: V1 (Dena 1), V2 (Devon 1), V3 (Anjasmoro) and V4 (Derap 1). The parameters observed were plant height, number of branches, number of leaves, amount of chlorophyll, leaf area, and flowering age. The results of our research is organic fertilizers have a significant effect and are able to increase the growth of soybean plants except for leaf area and flowering age. Types of varieties had a significant effect and were able to increase plant height, number of branches, leaf area, and flowering age, but had no significant effect on the parameters of the number of leaves and the amount of chlorophyll. Moreover, there isn't interaction effect between the two treatments for all parameters.
Seasonal variations in the nutritional quality of drumstick

Drumstick (Moringa oleifera Lam.), belonging to the mongeneric family Moringaceae is one of the best useful trees with a variety of potential uses. Due to the potential of drumstick as a nutritional security provider and the high value energy crop, much importance is attached globally to this crop. Drumstick commonly known as ‘horseradish tree’, ‘miracle tree’ or ‘tree of life’ is native to the sub-Himalayan tracts of India, Pakistan, Bangladesh and Afghanistan (Paliwal et al., 2011). Drumstick tree is economically useful as a vegetable, natural medicine, animal fodder, natural coagulant for water purification, fertilizer, living fence, and as a bio-fuel (Pandey et al., 2012). It is a tree with minimal growth needs and can be grown in a wide range of climatic conditions, from humid tropics to arid lands. Leaves, pods and seeds are suggested as a viable supplement of digestible proteins, vitamin C, vitamin A, minerals like calcium, iron, magnesium, potassium, manganese, phosphorus, zinc and antioxidant compounds such as flavonoids, phenols, carotenoids, and vitamin E. Correlations of nutritional qualities of drumstick leaves with climatic factors are of great concern to the consumers. Keeping in mind that drumstick is an enormous source of nutrients, seasonal variations in the nutritional quality is of considerable important. In the present study monthly variations of nutritional quality of drumstick was investigated with a view to throw light upon correlations of nutrient profile with weather variables in drumstick.
On the use of CFD to obtain head loss coefficients in hydraulic systems and its application to liquid metal MHD flows in nuclear fusion reactor blankets

When an incompressible fluid flows through a contraction in a conduit, the increase in the kinetic energy of the fluid is accompanied by a pressure drop. This pressure drop is not to be assimilated with head loss. If downstream the fluid encounters an expansion in the conduit, the energy conversion will take place in the opposite way. Therefore, when a geometrical singularity is analysed to assess its contribution to the pumping power requirements of the system, the whole mechanical energy transfer of the fluid in the singularity has to be taken into account, and not only the pressure variation. The first part of the present work establishes a method to obtain head loss coefficients in geometric singularities of hydrodynamic circuits using the results of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) calculations. These coefficients are of interest when modelling the whole system with a 1D system code, for instance. In the second part of the article, the method is applied to a more complex case, involving magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) phenomena. Thus, a prototypical channel singularity in a liquid metal circuit subject to a magnetic field is analysed. The layout is representative of a case that could be found in the liquid metal blankets to be used in nuclear fusion reactors. The influence of the MHD phenomena is studied and the differences with a purely hydrodynamic case are pointed out. The MHD analyses have been done in the Marconi High Performance Computing facility, using 48 cores, each case needing between one and two weeks to complete.
Unveiling the formation and control of unique swirling discharge pattern in helium plasma candle device

The generation of a large cold plasma jet while maintaining the reproducibility and homogeneity of the discharge is one of the major challenges encountered by the plasma community to efficiently apply this technology in the industry. Here, we report on the discharge in a recently developed device called the plasma candle (PC), wherein a stable plasma jet with a diameter of 20 mm can be generated at atmospheric pressure and temperature. Unlike the discharge morphology previously reported for conventional plasma jet devices, the unique configuration of PC device resulted in distinctive discharge patterns. Homogenous discharge was generated in the electrode gap and followed by a swirling discharge toward the tube nozzle. Fast photography and electrical measurements revealed that filament propagation and its morphology form the visually observable swirl discharge. Detailed analysis indicated that residual helium metastable species (Hem) and their penning ionization play an essential role in the discharge mode and its transition, which was verified by changing the feeding gas and the frequency of the applied voltage. For instance, it is found that only filamentary discharge was observed along the entire tube at frequencies less than 3 kHz, at which the time between consecutive discharges was long enough for Hem decay. Consequently, the homogenous discharge pattern was recovered by increasing the pre-ionization levels by adding a trace of impurities (N2, O2 or H2O) to the feeding gas. However, the level of these impurities must be carefully adjusted to achieve a homogenous discharge without negatively affecting the jet properties. A trivial change in the gas impurity, in the range of adsorption and desorption of water from the gas tubing, is sufficient to cause a noticeable change and instability in the discharge mode. This finding is critical to predicting the production of reactive species and plasma-surface interaction for different applications.
Temperature impact on device characteristics of charge plasma based tunnel FET with Si0.5Ge0.5 source

In this work, the impact of temperature is investigated on the electrical characteristics of charge plasma-based doping-less double gate tunnel FET (DL-DG-TFET) with a low bandgap source material i.e., Si0.5Ge0. 5. The influence of temperature (from 250 K to 450 K) is analysed on several performance parameters of the device such as bandgap, threshold voltage, SS, switching current ratio, ID-VGS, ID-VDS, gate current. The small change in energy bandgap with temperature reflects that device is minimally dependent on temperature. Temperature impact is significant on the sub-threshold region of transfer characteristics due to SRH recombination and trap-assisted tunnelling current. Insignificant variation of gate current with temperature signifies the better reliability of the device. Further, temperature effect is observed on analog parameters such as cut-off frequency, gate capacitance, trans-conductance, output conductance, power delay product (PDP). The minimal variation of analog parameters with temperature assures application of device in high-temperatures.
ORBITAL EVOLUTION OF ( 99942 ) APOPHIS DUE TO THE YARKOVSKY EFFECT

Introduction: The orbital evolution of Apophis is strongly affected by the Yarkovsky effect, which is a non-gravitational perturbation to the asteroid’s trajectory caused by sunlight. We analyzed optical and radar astrometry of Apophis and measured the Yarkovsky drift rate. We place our results in the context of the largest set of Yarkovsky detections ever published [1] and compare Apophis to hundreds of other near-Earth asteroids. Theory: The orbit-averaged Yarkovsky drift rate is
Integration of BERT and WordNet for improving Natural Language Understanding Name :

In this thesis we propose an integration of BERT and WordNet for improving natural language understanding (NLU). While BERT has shown superiority in several NLU tasks, it, however, also turned out to be limited in making and ‘understanding’ semantic relationships related to, for example, abstraction, inference and reasoning. We believe that the implicit way in which the model learns in context limits the model to obtain the required knowledge about language semantics that are not necessarily present in given text. In this regard, we connect BERT with WordNet, an external semantic lexicon that is explicitly constructed by humans, which provides information about words at different abstraction levels. We represent the semantic knowledge from WordNet as embeddings using path2vec and wnet2vec, and realize the integration following two different strategies: external combination, using a multi-layer perceptron (MLP) meta learner, and internal inclusion, building upon VGCN-BERT. We evaluate the performance on sentiment analysis (SA) and sentence similarity, using SST-2 and STS-B from GLUE benchmark, respectively. We found internal inclusion of BERT with wnet2vec to be the best model. However, our model did generally not outperform the stateof-the-art benchmarking results, although it was slightly better on SST-2. The limitations of lower WordNet coverage, moderate WSD in path2vec and inclusion of irrelevant synsets in wnet2vec, would have prevented the model from outperformance. Nevertheless, we did find cases were the integrated model was better than BERT-only model. Moreover, analysing the multi-head self-attention of BERT has shown that WordNet embeddings, especially of wnet2vec, have a mutual influence with BERT embeddings and have eventually strongly contributed to the final output. An observation is promising for future work to improve on the aforementioned limitations.
Prevalence and Clinical Profiling of Dysglycemia and HIV Infection in Persons With Pulmonary Tuberculosis in Brazil

Background There are scarce data on the prevalence and disease presentation of HIV in patients with tuberculosis (TB) and dysglycemia (diabetes [DM] and prediabetes [PDM]), especially in TB-endemic countries. Methods We assessed the baseline epidemiological and clinical characteristics of patients with culture-confirmed pulmonary TB, enrolled in a multicenter prospective cohort in Brazil (RePORT-Brazil) during 2015–2019. Dysglycemia was defined by elevated glycated hemoglobin and stratified as PDM or DM. Additionally, we used data from TB cases obtained through the Brazilian National Notifiable Diseases Information System (SINAN), during 2015–2019. In SINAN, diagnosis of diabetes was based on self-report. Logistic regression models were performed to test independent associations between HIV, dysglycemia status, and other baseline characteristics in both cohorts. Results In the RePORT-Brazil cohort, the prevalence of DM and of PDM was 23.7 and 37.8%, respectively. Furthermore, the prevalence of HIV was 21.4% in the group of persons with TB-dysglycemia and 20.5% in that of patients with TBDM. In the SINAN cohort, the prevalence of DM was 9.2%, and among the TBDM group the prevalence of HIV was 4.1%. Logistic regressions demonstrated that aging was independently associated with PDM or DM in both the RePORT-Brazil and SINAN cohorts. In RePORT-Brazil, illicit drug use was associated with PDM, whereas a higher body mass index (BMI) was associated with DM occurrence. Of note, HIV was not associated with an increased risk of PDM or DM in patients with pulmonary TB in both cohorts. Moreover, in both cohorts, the TBDM-HIV group presented with a lower proportion of positive sputum smear and a higher frequency of tobacco and alcohol users. Conclusion There is a high prevalence of dysglycemia in patients with pulmonary TB in Brazil, regardless of the HIV status. This reinforces the idea that DM should be systematically screened in persons with TB. Presence of HIV does not substantially impact clinical presentation in persons with TBDM, although it is associated with more frequent use of recreational drugs and smear negative sputum samples during TB screening.
The Power of Trusting Unknowns

We introduce a new socio-economic theory of the formation of trust in economic environments from individual to group level: the Tropea theory. It is structured in three claims:i) Groups of individuals who live in harsh environments develop a higher degree of individual cooperation with unrelated individuals. This is due both to selection and adaptation mechanisms.ii) Groups of individuals who experienced a higher degree of cooperation with unrelated ones show a higher degree of trust with strangers.iii) Groups of individuals with a higher degree of trust towards unrelated ones perform better in economical exchanges with strangers.Subsequently, we show how the theory could work in practice by using a complex Bayesian stochastic Agent-Based Model based on interactions modelled with game theory features like the Prisoner Dilemma and the Trust Game. The model represents an effort to explain group-level trust formation comprehensively and realistically by using features from different fields.
Identity and Conflict: Evidence from Tuareg Rebellion in Mali

We demonstrate that civil conflict erodes self identification with a nation state even among non rebellious ethnic groups in non conflict areas. We perform a difference in difference estimation using Afrobarometer data. Using the onset of Tuareg led insurgency in Mali caused by the demise of the Libyan leader Muammar al Gaddafi as an exogenous shock to state capacity, we find that residents living closer to the border with the conflict zone experienced a larger decrease in national identification. The effect was greater on people who were more exposed to local media. We hypothesize about the mechanism and show that civil conflict erodes national identity through the peoples` perception of a state weakness.
Effects of Infrastructure Development, Inflation and Economic Growth to Performance Company (ROA, Tobin's Q, PBV): Study on Registered Infrastructure Support Companies in IDX Period 2014-2019

The financial performance can be used as a benchmark of the ability of an organization or company in achieving its goals. Performance measurement is one of the most important factors for an organization or company, performance measurement is a process of measuring the extent to which a company does work to achieve its goals. The research investigated the impact of infrastructure, economic growth and inflation on financial performance of infrastructure support companies listed in Indonesian Stock Exchange Period 2014-2019 which is proxied by ROA (Return on Assets), Tobin’s Q and PBV (Price to Book Value). The population of this research was the infrastructure support companies listed on the Indonesian Stock Exchange period 2014-2019. Research sampling was conducted using The Purposive Sampling Method. The data analysis was camed out using classical assumption test, multiple linear regression analysis, t-test, F-test and determinan (R2) test with SPSS 21. The research finding showed that the model has an effect on the financial performance as proxied by ROA. So the results of the hypothesis test show that: (1) Infrastructure development has a negative and significant effect on ROA. (2) The inflation rate has a positive and significant effect on ROA. (3) Economic growth has no significant effect on ROA. Meanwhile, the model has no effect on financial performance which is proxied in Tobin's Q and PBV.
Domestic Violence and Marijuana: Evidence from Recreational Marijuana Legalization

We conduct a difference-in-differences analysis to study the potential effect of marijuana use on domestic violence. Our identification exploits variations in the implementation of recreational marijuana legalization (RML) in Colorado and Kansas. The Colorado RML implementation in 2014 leads to a 13.2% increase in the monthly domestic violence rate. A placebo test shows that this effect is only significant for offenders aged above 21, the legal age to purchase recreational marijuana. Denver, the host of over 70% of Colorado marijuana stores, sees a prominent effect of 24.1%. Overall, we provide the first causal evidence on the dark side of RML.
Quantification of Corporate Governance: A Trial for Japanese Corporate Governance Quotient (JCGQ)

The objective of this study is to measure the level of adherence of Japanese companies to the corporate governance (CG) essentials and to understand the structural differences of CG in Japanese companies. On average, Japanese large companies exhibit a moderately satisfactory level of adherence (58.4%). A-type companies demonstrate a quite satisfactory level of adherence (71.3%) than the fairly satisfactory adherence (62.1%) by the JA-type companies and slightly satisfactory level of adherence (55.7%) by the J-type companies. Regrettably the level of compliance (36.4%) by the SMCs is still far away from the expected governance model of this study. This reveals that CG of larger companies is improving rapidly, however there is a broad variation in CG practices across the firms, both large & SMCs and the disparity is large even among larger companies. As far as the category-wise JCGQ is concerned, 'reporting to the shareholders and communicating with investors' came out as the best category or highly reformed area of Japanese CG. In contrast, 'the role of BOD' component needs more attention as its responsiveness is lower, though it has been highly reformed. 'Securing fairness and transparency for executive management' and 'leadership responsibility of CEO' components are found as moderately sound areas of Japanese CG. The findings suggest that the overall output of CG reforms is unbalanced as the four elements of the expected model show unequal level of improvement.
Does a Liability of Foreignness in Liquidity Apply to US IPOs?

We provide initial evidence regarding two unanswered and consequential questions. First, whether foreign-firm US initial public offerings (FIPOs) exhibit lower share trading liquidity than matched domestic-firm IPOs (DIPOs), which we term ‘liability of foreignness (Bell et al. 2012) in liquidity’ (LFL) – given liquidity is a primary motive for foreign-firm US listings. Second, whether US IPO LFL is moderated by FIPO home country institutional attributes contributing to liquidity. Our findings for 327 FIPOs from 36 countries between 1990 and 2012 reveal LFL for US IPOs is moderated, but not eliminated, by FIPO home country institutions. This indicates incomplete bonding with US institutions. These findings extend prior research to a prominent listing cohort and serve to inform foreign firms considering US IPOs, exchanges competing for them, listing facilitators, regulators, and investors regarding a salient listing consideration.
Diabetes, Heart Failure, and COVID-19: An Update

The novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was declared a pandemic by the WHO in March 2020. As of August 2021, more than 220 countries have been affected, accounting for 211,844,613 confirmed cases and 4,432,802 deaths worldwide. A new delta variant wave is sweeping through the globe. While previous reports consistently have demonstrated worse prognoses for patients with existing cardiovascular disease than for those without, new studies are showing a possible link between SARS-CoV-2 infection and an increased incidence of new-onset heart disease and diabetes, regardless of disease severity. If this trend is true, with hundreds of millions infected, the disease burden could portend a potentially troubling increase in heart disease and diabetes in the future. Focusing on heart failure in this review, we discuss the current data at the intersection of COVID, heart failure, and diabetes, from clinical findings to potential mechanisms of how SARS-CoV-2 infection could increase the incidence of those pathologies. Additionally, we posit questions for future research areas regarding the significance for patient care.