Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Linking continental-slope failures and climate change: Testing the clathrate gun hypothesis

It has been suggested that the release of clathrates rather than expansion of wetlands is the primary cause of the rapid increases observed in the ice-core atmospheric methane record during the Pleistocene. Because submarine sediment failures can involve as much as 5000 Gt of sediment and have the capacity to release vast quantities of methane hydrates, one of the major tests of the clathrate gun hypothesis is determining whether the periods of enhanced continental-slope failure and atmospheric methane correlate. To test the clathrate gun hypothesis, we have collated published dates for submarine sediment failures in the North Atlantic sector and correlated them with climatic change for the past 45 k.y. More than 70% by volume of continental-slope failures during the past 45 k.y. was displaced in two periods, between 15 and 13 ka and between 11 and 8 ka. Both these intervals correlate with rising sea level and peaks in the methane record during the Bolling-Allerod and Preboreal periods. These data support the clathrate gun hypothesis for glacial-interglacial transitions. The data do not, however, support the clathrate gun hypothesis for glacial millennial-scale climate cycles, because the occurrence of sediment failures correlates with Heinrich events, i.e., lows in sea level and atmospheric methane. A secondary use of this data set is the insight into the possible cause of continental-slope failures. Glacial-period slope failures occur mainly in the low latitudes and are associated with lowering sea level. This finding suggests that reduced hydrostatic pressure and the associated destabilization of gas hydrates may be the primary cause. The Bolling-Allerod sediment failures were predominantly low latitude, suggesting an early tropical response to deglaciation, e.g., enhanced precipitation and sediment load to the continental shelf or warming of intermediate waters. In contrast, sediment failures during the Preboreal period and the majority of the Holocene occurred in the high latitudes, suggesting either isostatic rebound–related earthquake activity or reduced hydrostatic pressure caused by isostatic rebound, causing destabilization of gas hydrates.
Surface Circulation and Kinetic Energy Distributions in the Southern Hemisphere Oceans from FGGE Drifting Buoys

Abstract Trajectories of approximately 300 satellite-tracked drifting buoys deployed throughout the Southern Hemisphere oceans during the Fiat GARP Global Experiment (FGGE) have been analyzed to infer the mean surface circulation and kinetic energy distributions of the surface flow. The resulting picture of mean surface circulation is consistent with expectations based on compilations of historical observations of currents and the density field. The distribution of kinetic energy of the mean flow is highly zonal in character with high values in the persistent zonal flows of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current and the South Equatorial Currents and low values in the broad intervening zone. Using statistics based on 5° squares, the western boundary currents do not emerge as dominant features of the mean flow. On the other hand, these currents do appear to be a major source of eddy kinetic energy. Most eddy kinetic energy appears to be due to fluctuations with periods less than one month. Both mean and eddy kin.
Vertical Motion in the Gulf Stream Near 68°W

Abstract The authors compute and compare vertical motions from three different data sources within a 300-km square domain centered in the Gulf Stream near 38°N, 68°W, and show that vertical motions inferred from all three independent data sources and different analysis methods give similar results. The time derivatives of RAFOS float pressures on isopycnal surfaces are used to determine directly observed vertical motion wRAF. Second, vertical motions are inferred from the heat equation using measured temperature changes and the backing and veering of currents observed by a stack of current meters to produce wcm. Third, vertical motions are calculated from the quasigeostrophic vorticity equation using geostrophic streamfunctions from inverted echo sounder measurements to produce wIES. wCM agrees well with WRAF from all floats that pass within 10 km of a current meter mooring. Daily fields of wCM show very good coherence with time series of wCM for periods longer than 16 d, but noise domination for periods .
Drought analysis of monthly hydrological sequences: a case study of Canadian rivers

Abstract Two parameters of importance in hydrological droughts viz. the longest duration, LT and the largest severity, ST (in standardized form) over a desired return period, T years, have been analysed for monthly flow sequences of Canadian rivers. An important point in the analysis is that monthly sequences are non-stationary (periodic-stochastic) as against annual flows, which fulfil the conditions of stochastic stationarity. The parameters mean, μ, standard deviation, σ (or coefficient of variation), lag1 serial correlation, ρ, and skewness, γ (which is helpful in identifying the probability distribution function) of annual flow sequences, when used in the analytical relationships, are able to predict expected values of the longest duration, E(LT ) in years and the largest standardized severity, E(ST ). For monthly flow sequences, there are 12 sets of these parameters and thus the issue is how to involve these parameters to derive the estimates of E(LT ) and E(ST ). Moreover, the truncation level (i.e. the monthly mean value) varies from month to month. The analysis in this paper demonstrates that the drought analysis on an annual basis can be extended to monthly droughts simply by standardizing the flows for each month. Thus, the variable truncation levels corresponding to the mean monthly flows were transformed into one unified truncation level equal to zero. The runs of deficits in the standardized sequences are treated as drought episodes and thus the theory of runs forms an essential tool for analysis. Estimates of the above parameters (denoted as μav, σav, ρav, and γav) for use in the analytical relationships were obtained by averaging 12 monthly values for each parameter. The product- and L-moment ratio analyses indicated that the monthly flows in the Canadian rivers fit the gamma probability distribution reasonably well, which resulted in the satisfactory prediction of E(LT ). However, the prediction of E(ST ) tended to be more satisfactory with the assumption of a Markovian normal model and the relationship E(ST ) ≈ E(LT ) was observed to perform better.
Eolian deposits of the ice-free Victoria Valley, Southern Victoria Land, Antarctica

Abstract The most widespread eolian deposits of the Victoria Land dry valleys, Antarctica, are pebble ripples which appear to b" of larger size than those r,eported from other continents. The crests of the ripples are composed of grains with a greater diameter than the grains of the flanks. The mean ripple index of 23 is higher than that of large ripples reported from outside Antarctica, and there does not seem to be a simple relationship between index and grain size. The high winds and high-density cold air of Antarctica appear capable of moving the largest pebbles which have a diameter of 19 mm. Sand forming transverse and whaleback dunes in the Victoria Valley is derived from the outwash from the Victoria Lower Glacier. The sand in the dunes is interbedded with snow, and moisture from this allows the dunes to be permafrosted except for a thin surface layer of dry mobile sand. The mobile sands of the transverse dunes are seasonally reversing. The sands of the dunes are well sorted and there is no select.
A review of the housing market-clearing process in integrated land-use and transport models

The land-use/transport interaction (LUTI) modeling framework has become the current state of best practice for analyzing the interdependency between the land-use and transportation systems. This paper presents a comprehensive review of the housing market-clearing mechanisms used in operational LUTI models. Market clearing is a critical component of modeling housing markets, but a systematic review and critique of the current state of the art have not previously been undertaken. In the review paper, the theoretical foundations for modeling household location choice are reviewed, including bid-rent and random utility theories. Five LUTI models are discussed in detail: two equilibrium models, MUSSA and RELU-TRAN, and three dynamic disequilibrium models, UrbanSim, ILUTE, and SimMobility. The discussion focuses on the following key points: the assumptions embedded in the models, the aggregation level of households and locations, computational cost and operationalization of the models. One of the challenges is that there are rarely any empirical studies that compare the performance of equilibrium and dynamic models in the same study context. Future research is recommended to empirically investigate the pros and cons of the two modeling approaches and compare the model performances for their representativeness of real-world behavior, computational efficiencies, and abilities for policy analysis. More sophisticated studies about the impacts of agents’ behavior on the housing market-clearing process are also recommended.
Evaluation of the effect of intraoperative frozen section on overall timeliness and survival in lung cancer surgery

Background/Aim: We aimed to find out whether there is any delay in the management of the process in patients operated on for lung cancer and to understand the effect of intraoperative frozen section on this process. Methods: 176 patients were analyzed in total. The dates of admission, diagnosis, operation, and postoperative pathology results were noted. Five intervals were defined as time from first evaluation to diagnosis, first evaluation to surgery, diagnosis to surgery, first evaluation to the day of the postoperative pathology report, and diagnosis to the day of the postoperative pathology report. Results: The majority of patients (81.8%) were male, and the median age was 63 years (iqr = 11). The median time between the first assessment and the final pathological examination result was 62 days (iqr = 70). The time from initial presentation to surgery was significantly shorter (p 0.001), and the time from diagnosis to final pathology was also significantly shorter (p 0.001) in patients diagnosed by frozen section. However, there was no significant difference in the time from initial evaluation to diagnosis between the two groups (0.052). There was no significant difference in survival between patients diagnosed by freezing and patients diagnosed by other methods (p = 0.508). Conclusion: Solutions to increase the timeliness of care for patients with lung cancer can be designed with a better understanding of delays. Intraoperative frozen section diagnosis improves overall timeliness but has no effect on survival in lung cancer patients undergoing surgery.
Crustal architecture of the Capricorn Orogen, Western Australia and associated metallogeny

A 581 km vibroseis-source, deep seismic reflection survey was acquired through the Capricorn Orogen of Western Australia and, for the first time, provides an unprecedented view of the deep crustal architecture of the West Australian Craton. The survey has imaged three principal suture zones, as well as several other lithospheric-scale faults. The suture zones separate four seismically distinct tectonic blocks, which include the Pilbara Craton, the Bandee Seismic Province (a previously unrecognised tectonic block), the Glenburgh Terrane of the Gascoyne Province and the Narryer Terrane of the Yilgarn Craton. In the upper crust, the survey imaged numerous Proterozoic granite batholiths as well as the architecture of the Mesoproterozoic Edmund and Collier basins. These features were formed during the punctuated reworking of the craton by the reactivation of the major crustal structures. The location and setting of gold, base metal and rare earth element deposits across the orogen are closely linked to the major lithospheric-scale structures, highlighting their importance to fluid flow within mineral systems by the transport of fluid and energy direct from the mantle into the upper crust.
Three-dimensional GPR analysis of various Quaternary gravel-bed braided river deposits (southwestern Germany)

Abstract Closely spaced (1 m) ground penetrating radar (GPR) profiles were used for a three-dimensional characterization and comparison of glaciofluvial gravel-bed deposits in palaeodischarge zones of the Würmian Rhine glacier (southwestern Germany). Previous sedimentological outcrop investigations revealed three regionally reoccurring architectural styles of gravel bodies. For each of these styles a three-dimensional GPR dataset has been acquired in active gravel pits in order to calibrate the radar profiles with outcrop walls and to analyse, in three dimensions, the depositional elements and their stacking pattern in the subsurface. The GPR data were interpreted by mapping reflection terminations in order to delineate genetically related units. In particular, radar facies types and radar sequence boundaries were used to define and map depositional elements. Both accretionary and cut-and-fill depositional elements could be identified. Accretionary elements are characterized by horizontally to low-angle inclined (1–3°) and moderately continuous reflections (5–30 m) terminating on flat sequence boundaries; they represent the deposits of gravel sheets and traction carpets. In contrast, cut-and-fill elements are characterized by low to steeply inclined (3–25°), often discontinuous reflections terminating on concave to trough-shaped lower truncation boundaries; these are interpreted as scour-pool fills and small dissection elements (e.g. chutes and lobes). The three basic architectural styles of gravel bodies can be distinguished on the basis of the size and proportion of cut-and-fill elements mapped within the radar images. One type of gravel body is composed of an amalgamation of large cut-and-fill elements whereas the other two types are dominated by accretionary elements and differ by the proportion of smaller cut-and-fill elements. The results show that GPR is an adequate technique to illuminate the sedimentary architecture of the various types of gravel bodies. GPR data allow detailed three-dimensional reconstruction of depositional elements and their stacking pattern in the subsurface.
Effect of Press Mud Application on Physical, Chemical and Biological Characteristics of Some Common Soils

Laboratory studies were carriedcut with five soils amended with press mud at 0, 5 and 10 tons per hectare and incubated for a period of 60 days. The analysis of the incubated soils showed that press mud at 10 tons/ha improved the stability index and aggregate stability of the black (wetland) and acid soils significantly. Press mud application resulted in progressive increase in available nitrogen, available phosphorus and organic carbon contents of all the soils studied. Press mud at 10 tons/ha increased the cation exchange capacity of all the soils, while it increased the exchangeable calcium in the red. acid and black (gardenland) soils. The biological activity of soil as indicated by the CO evolution recorded a significant increase with press mud application in the red. alkali and acid soils. Press mud application resulted in increase in bacterial population of red soil and fungal population of black (wetland) soil.
A TRIANGULAR MODEL OF DIMENSIONLESS RUNOFF PRODUCING RAINFALL HYETOGRAPHS IN TEXAS 1

ABSTRACT: A synthetic triangular hyetograph for a large data base of Texas rainfall and runoff is needed. A hyetograph represents the temporal distribution of rainfall intensity at a point or over a watershed during a storm. Synthetic hyetographs are estimates of the expected time distribution for a design storm and principally are used in small watershed hydraulic structure design. A data base of more than 1,600 observed cumulative hyetographs that produced runoff from 91 small watersheds (generally less than about 50 km2) was used to provide statistical parameters for a simple triangular shaped hyetograph model. The model provides an estimate of the average hyetograph in dimensionless form for storm durations of 0 to 24 hours and 24 to 72 hours. As a result of this study, the authors concluded that the expected dimensionless cumulative hyetographs of 0 to 12 hour and 12 to 24 hour durations were sufficiently similar to be combined with minimal information loss. The analysis also suggests that dimensionless cumulative hyetographs are independent of the frequency level or return period of total storm depth and thus are readily used for many design applications. The two triangular hyetographs presented are intended to enhance small watershed design practice in applicable parts of Texas.
Ulysses' second fast‐latitude scan: Complexity near solar maximum and the reformation of polar coronal holes

Ulysses' second fast latitude scan, near solar maximum, comprises a complicated mixture of solar wind flows from a variety of sources at high southern as well as low heliolatitudes. In contrast, observations northward of ∼40° N show the reformation of relatively steady fast solar wind flows, which are virtually indistinguishable from the polar coronal hole winds observed at high latitudes over Ulysses' first orbit. These high‐speed flows predominantly display the opposite magnetic polarity from that observed in the northern hemisphere during the previous orbit, indicating that the Sun's dipole has reversed. The recent restructuring of the high‐latitude solar wind, so soon after solar maximum, suggests that the heliospheric chaos around maximum occupies a unique and relatively shorter‐lived portion of the solar cycle with the majority of the cycle maintaining the simple bimodal solar wind structure associated with large, persistent polar coronal holes.
Clinical Implication of PD-L1 Expression in Patients with Endometrial Cancer

This study investigated PD-L1 expression in endometrial cancer, its links with prognostic factors, and survival outcomes in 232 patients. Of these, 73 (31.5%) had PD-L1-positive tumors and 159 (68.5%) had PD-L1-negative tumors. PD-L1 expression significantly correlated with adverse prognostic factors. The PD-L1-positive group had higher rates of high-grade tumors (37.0% vs. 19.1%, p = 0.004), deep myometrial invasion (35.6% vs. 24.4%, p = 0.004), lymphovascular space invasion (LVSI) (39.7% vs. 25.6%, p = 0.023), and lymph node metastasis (7.2% vs. 17.1%, p = 0.024) than the PD-L1-negative group. While 5-year progression-free survival (PFS) favored the PD-L1-negative group (94.1% vs. 86.3%), this difference lacked statistical significance (p = 0.139). No significant variations emerged in overall survival (OS) (p = 0.596) or recurrence rates between the groups. Although outcomes lack statistical significance, they suggest a plausible link between PD-L1 and established adverse prognostic factors, such as histological grade, myometrial invasion depth, LVSI, and lymph node metastasis in endometrial cancer. These insights hint at PD-L1’s potential as an informal prognostic indicator, potentially aiding in endometrial cancer patient management.
Economic Geography and Networks: Role of local and non-local ties in Cluster Evolution

The organization of geographic clusters plays an increasingly significant role due to the presence of network ties that exist within the location and beyond. This has proven to be particularly true for knowledge-intensive industries, where the organization of resources – people and technology – has been a primary driver for firm and regional performance. With the help of a longitudinal case study of the IT cluster in Bangalore (India), we investigate the effect of local and non-local network ties on its evolution. We argue that local and non-local networks play a clear role in cluster evolution. We propose a U-shaped relationship between cluster evolution phases and the distance among the network tie members. Our study also outlines the role that embedding, expansion, and extension of ties plays in transitioning cluster from one phase to the other. The consideration of non-local ties is rather nascent in the cluster literature and promises to enhance the understanding of how clusters develop at both levels - policy as well as firm.
Spatial distribution of heterotrophic bacteria in the northeast Atlantic (POMME study area) during spring 2001

[1] Heterotrophic bacteria abundances, total chlorophyll a (Tchla), and nitrate concentrations were determined during the spring cruise (23 March–13 April 2001) of the Programme Ocean Multidisciplinaire Meso Echelle (POMME) in the northeastern Atlantic between 39.0°–44.5°N and 16.6°–20.6°W. Sampling covered a grid of 81 stations regularly spaced. Three bacteria subpopulations (HNA1, HNA2, and LNA) were resolved by flow cytometry on the basis of their nucleic acid content, after staining with SYBR Green II (molecular probes), and by their scatter properties. The bacterial distribution was investigated down to 600 m depth. HNA2 were essentially observed in the upper 200 m and were not present at all stations. HNA1 dominated in the surface layer and were positively linked to Tchla. This relationship exhibited some heterogeneity due to the latitudinal evolution of the phytoplankton bloom and the seasonal thermocline formation already occurring in the south. In contrast, LNA dominated the bacterial subgroups below 100 m depth, and their distribution bore the fingerprint of the geostrophic current field and the mesoscale features identified in the study area, i.e., cyclonic and anticyclonic eddies and frontal structures.
Vulnerability to Suicide Ideation: Comparative Study between Adolescents with and without Psychosocial Risk

Adolescents are characterized as a risk group for suicide, being the fourth leading cause of death in young people. The main aim was to compare vulnerability to suicidal ideation in a sample of young people with and without psychosocial risk. The total sample consisted of 137 adolescents, aged between 10 and 19 years (M = 14.76; SD = 1.40), and it was composed of two groups—the psychosocial risk group (n = 60) and general population group (n = 77). In both groups, suicidal ideation correlated positively with negative events and negatively with self-esteem and social support satisfaction. When comparing the two groups, the psychosocial risk group presented significantly higher mean values of negative life events (mainly separations/losses and physical and sexual abuse) and significantly lower mean values of satisfaction with social support (particularly with family and social activities). It was also found that, in the psychosocial risk group, negative life events were the only significant predictors of suicidal ideation. This study allowed identifying the role of risk and protective factors in suicidal ideation, according to the psychosocial risk of adolescents. The practical implications of the findings on adolescents’ mental health and the promotion of their well-being are discussed.