Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Comparing the differences in health of body, mental and spirit among Schedule I and II controlled drugs users with Schedule III and IV controlled drugs users

Objective: To compare the differences in physical, mental, and spiritual health among Schedule I and II with III and IV controlled drugs users. Methods: A cross-sectional comparison design was used. A convenience sample of 479 drugs users was recruited in Taiwan. Results: The results showed that Schedule I and II drug-users had less perceptions of their overall body-mental-spirit health than Schedule III and IV drug-users (52.72 vs. 55.40, t = -3.00, p < .01). Conclusions: The health professionals could design drug rehabilitation programs for all Schedules of drug-users, especially for Schedule I and II drug-users.
Resynthesis in Pure Culture of a Common Subalpine Fungus-Root Association Using Phialocephala fortinii and Menziesia ferruginea (Ericaceae)

A strain of Phialocephala fortinii isolated from Luetkea pectinata was used to inoculate axenically grown 1-wk-old Menziesia ferruginea (Ericaceae) seedlings in cellulose agar petri dish cultures. After 3 mo, P. fortinii was observed in cortical cells of whole root mounts, but not in the stele. The fungus produced dark, simple septate hyphae forming extensive wefts on the root surface and intracortical sclerotia consisting of compact masses of darkly pigmented and irregularly lobed, thick-walled hyphae. Isolates of P. fortinii also formed numerous sclerotia in the cellulose agar medium. Presence of P. fortinii caused a ten-fold increase in seedling mortality over controls. Growth rates, based on whole plant fresh weight, were not affected by the presence of P. fortinii. Cenococcum geophilum, Phialocephala dimorphospora, and Phialophorafinlandia, which were also used as inoculum for comparative purposes, did not form sclerotia in M. ferruginea. This is the first report to show that the distinct fungus-root associations formed between P. fortinii and subalpine plants can be reproduced consistently in pure culture under laboratory conditions.
SPATIOTEMPROAL RELATION BETWEEN SEA SURFACE TEPMERATURE AND CLOUD CONVECTION IN THE MEDITERRANEAN BASIN DURING WARM SEASON

This study comprises an effort to examine the possible spatial connection between SST and cloud convection in the whole Mediterranean Basin during the warm season (April to September) where frequent convection occurs. For this study, the Mediterranean basin is split into three parts (western, central and eastern) and the possible relation is studied in each part separately. It was finally found, a clear negative correlation at monthly basis in the whole Mediterranean or as well as in the three examined parts for the warm season of the years 2010 and 2011. Maps with spatial distribution for the corresponding parameters have been also created to present and identify their local maxima and minima. It is included a discussion to investigate in depth the mechanics that may cause this negative correlation.
Genetic parameters of 305 days and monthly test-day milk yields in Murrah buffaloes

The present investigation was carried out using first lactation 9,071 monthly test-day milk yield records of 965 Murrah buffaloes that calved from 1977 to 2012 sired by 98 bulls maintained at ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal. Mixed model analysis was carried out by least-squares maximum likelihood programme to study the effects of genetic and non-genetic factors on first lactation 305-day milk yield and monthly test-day (TD) milk yield records of Murrah buffaloes. The highest monthly test-day milk yield was observed in TD3 (7.64 kg) and lowest in TD10 (4.46 kg). The average first lactation 305 days or less milk yield (FL305DMY) was 1806.45±16.99 kg. The effect of season of calving, period of calving and age at first calving was highly significant on FL305DMY and on most of the monthly test-day milk yields. The heritability estimate for FL305DMY was 0.18±0.08 and for monthly test-day milk yields it ranged from 0.09 (TD6) to 0.18 (TD3). The genetic and phenotypic correlations among monthly test-day milk yields and with 305 days milk yield were highly significant. The present investigation revealed that the non-genetic factors such as season of calving in general and year of calving in particular, might be considered when performing an evaluation of Murrah buffaloes based on monthly test-day milk yield records. High genetic and phenotypic correlation among monthly test-day milk yields and with first lactation 305 days milk yield suggested that these test-day yields could be used as the selection criteria, leading to a reduction in generation interval.
Study on digestive enzymes activities of Trachinotus ovatusI. Comparison of their distribution in different digestive organs of adult and young fish

A comparative study was conducted on the activities of digestive enzymes in different digestive organs of adult and young Trachinotus ovatus. Results show that: 1) For adults, the order of protease activity from strong to weak is: stomach > foregut > midgut > pyloric caecum> hindgut > liver; amylase activity: foregut > hindgut > pyloric caecum > midgut > liver > stomach; lipase activity: foregut > midgut > hindgut > pyloric caecum> liver > stomach. 2) For young fish, the order of protease activity is: stomach > intestine > pyloric caecum> liver; amylase activity: intestine > pyloric caecum > liver > stomach; lipase activity: intestine > pyloric caecum > liver > stomach. 3) Both the protease and amylase activities in different digestive organs of adults are weaker than those in young fish, and there is significant difference in amylase activity in stomach and pyloric caecum between adult and young fish ( P < 0. 05) . The li- pase activity in stomach of young fish is stronger than that in adults but weaker than that in the other digestive organs of adults. The or- der of digestive enzyme activity in young fish is similar with adults.
Life cycle analysis of hybrid oil palm/glass fibre-reinforced polyurethane composites for automotive crash box

Currently, the world is getting more poisonous due to the toxic contaminated and wastewater release from the industries activities. The designers should analyse the effect to the environmental and human health, prior starting any manufacturing and fabricating process. This technique able to optimize the company profit and reduced unnecessary cost by predict any consequences and do correction step before the problem emerge for every action taken. Therefore, this paper aim to provide the evidence that the selection of material and manufacturing process used to fabricate ACB has minimum impact on the environment and human health. A few methods can be used to calculate the environmental damage assessment such as network, compare and uncertainty analysis. In this study, analyse calculation method selected to predict the environmental impact. The results for the damage to human health analysis only contribute 0.0125 DALY, analysis results for the hazardous elements such as methane, trichlorofluoromethane and Chlorofluorocarbons produced during the fabrication process only 1.32 x 10-9 DALY. Besides, the major damage elements to ecosystem quality results only contribute 1.97 x 10-4 species.yr. Therefore, the remarkable results show that the process and material selection to fabricate ACB are very low which was below than 0.1 DALY. Moreover, damage assessment for the terrestrial ecotoxicity of pulforming process using oil palm natural/glass fibre reinforced polyurethane composite only contributed 1.13 × 10−10 (species.year). Consequently, the process could not damage the human health and indicates that the process is environmentally friendly and safe for the ecosystem.
Respiratory symptoms and associated risk factors among under-five children in Northwest, Ethiopia: community based cross-sectional study

Introduction Acute respiratory infections are still a major public health problem resulting in morbidity and mortality among under-five children. This study aims to assess the extent of respiratory symptoms and associated risk factors among under-five children in Gondar city, Northwest Ethiopia. Methods A community-based cross-sectional study was carried out from February to June 2019. From 792 study participants, data were collected via face to face interviews by using a semi-structured pre-tested questionnaire. Data were entered in Epi Info version 7, then exported to Stata 14.00 for analysis. Binary (Bivariable and Multivariable) logistic regression analysis was used to test the association of explanatory and outcome variables. Variables with p<0.05 were considered as significantly associated with the outcome variable. Results The prevalence of respiratory symptoms among under-five children was 37.5% at [95% (CI: 34.3-41)]. Uterine irritability during pregnancy [AOR = 1.89 at 95% CI: (1.11-3.23)], physical exercise during pregnancy [AOR = 0.60 at 95% CI: (0.41-0.89)], using wood and coal for heating [AOR = 2.42 at 95% CI: (1.65-3.53)], cockroaches infestation [AOR = 1.95 at 95% CI: (1.36 – 2.90)], presence of new carpets [AOR = 2.38 at 95% CI: (1.33-4.29)], damp stain [AOR = 2.45 at 95% CI: (1.02-2.69)], opening windows during cooking [AOR = 0.58 at 95% CI: (0.36-0 .93)], living less than 100 m heavy traffic [AOR = 1.94 at 95% CI: (1.16-3.27)], and living less than 100 m (unpaved roads/streets) [AOR= 2.89 at 95% CI: (1.89-4.55)] were significantly associated with respiratory symptoms. Conclusion The prevalence of respiratory symptoms among under-five children was relatively high in the study area. Personal and environmental characteristics influencing symptom occurrence were identified. Respiratory symptoms will be minimized by reducing exposure to indoor and outdoor air pollution and enhancing housing quality.
Effect of Combination of Follicle Size, FSH and Cysteamine on In Vitro Production of Sheep Embryos

The participatory relationship among the follicle size, follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), and cysteamine (antioxidant agent) contribute to the production of embryos characterized by abundance and good quality. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of FSH, cysteamine and follicle size on in vitro embryo production of Awassi sheep oocytes. Follicles sizes were determined into two groups: small follicles (1-2 mm) and large follicles (> 2 mm). Oocytes were matured across two increasingly shared levels of FSH and cysteamine: A (40 ng/ml + 50 μM) and B (60 ng/ml + 100 μM). Results of the bilateral interaction showed significant differences across the follicle size (large follicles group) and the maturation treatment (B medium) in the rates of fertilization (highest value: 67.51%; p= 0.02), cleavage (highest value: 65.41%; p= 0.01), 2-16 cell stage (lowest value: 2.29%; p= 0.0001), blastocyst stage (highest value: 44.82%; p= 0.04), down to morula stage arrest (lowest value: 55.17%; p= 0.04) and Type I embryos (highest value: 52.87%; p= 0.03). Likewise, matured oocytes of small follicles group (B medium) attained the highest rate of morula stage (56.60%; p= 0.03). No significant differences were observed in Type II and Type III embryos. In order to obtain high yields of good quality embryos, it is advised to add FSH and cysteamine with levels of 60 ng/ml and 100 μM respectively to maturation medium of ovine oocytes obtained from follicles with a diameter > 2 mm.
EFFECT OF NITROGEN ON THE BIOCHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS AND ANTIOXIDANT PRODUCTION BY TWO GREEN UNICELLULAR ALGAE

In this study, two green microalgae, Dunaliella bardawil and Chlorella ellipsoidea, were cultured in different concentrations of nitrogen as sodium nitrate. These concentrations were 0.0 (nitrogen-free), 2.5, 5.0, 10.0, 25.0 and 50.0 mM N in case of D. bardawil and 0.0, 0.25, 0.50, 1.00, 2.5, 5.0 and 10.0 mM N in case of C. ellipsoidea. The results revealed that dry weight, protein, carbohydrates, chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b of D. bardawil were highly reduced in N-deficient cultures, whereas carotenoids were unaffected. Glycerol production by Dunaliella decreased to about 25 % of control in the absence of nitrogen. Similarly, dry weight, protein and carbohydrate contents of C. ellipsoidea were greatly reduced in N-deficient culture, whereas chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b of the same alga seemed to be slightly affected by the absence of nitrogen. Supplementation of nitrogen caused an obvious increase in dry biomass gain and biochemical components of the two algae. D. bardawil grown in N-deficient culture produced massive amounts of β-carotene reached to about 227.2 % of control. On the other hand, the accumulation of β-carotene in Chlorella cells was unaffected by the absence of nitrate. The content of β-carotene significantly decreased in both microalgae at the higher doses of nitrate. The contents of vitamin E and vitamin C were greatly reduced in both microalgae grown in N-deficient cultures. Supplementation of nitrate caused an obvious increase in the contents of both vitamins in Dunaliella. Contrarily, In case of Chlorella, while vitamin E was not detected, the content of vitamin C was greatly reduced in all doses of nitrate.
Classification of Male Sterile Cytoplasms of WBMs in Maize(Zea mays L.)

Classification of WBMs cytoplasm of CMS(Cytoplasmic Male Sterility) maize which selected from the WBM population developed by Huazhong Agricultural University, China have been performed by the combined methods with male fertility restoration testing, RFLP of mtDNA and S 1, S 2 plasmid like DNA analysis The results indicated that the cytoplasm of WBMs was classified into S type of CMS maize
The Women Entrepreneurs Failure Factors in the Case of Gojjam Zones

This study was designed to assess the Women Entrepreneurs Failure Factors in the Case of Gojjam Zones. In particular the study investigated how Individual reason, Competition, General environment and corporate policy affect women entrepreneurs in small businesses. Therefore to understand and analyze business failure factors a case of Women Entrepreneurs in the case of Gojjam Zones, the researchers have adopted a quantitative research approach. The researcher collects data through questioner. Information from the participants was analyzed by using statistical package for social sciences. For this study the target populations are business companies operating in Gojjam Zones for the last five years (from 2006-2010 as of Ethiopian Calendar). Do you to data unavailability we failed to know exactly the number of women owned/managed business in the two zones/West Gojjam & East Gojjam/, the Sample Size of this study is determined using Infinite Population (where the population is greater than 50,000) sample size determination formula of Godden, (2004). Based on the formula A sample of 384 women entrepreneurs was chosen for the study. Both tables and frequency distributions were utilized to draw valid conclusions. From the study that individual characteristics/Motivations, managerial skills, knowledge & experience, and fear of failure/ of a woman were statistically significant at 5% level of significance. And hence immediate environment factors are significant at 5% level of significance and thus these variables have an effect on women entrepreneurs’ business failure. But availability of infrastructure and government incentives were found to be statistically insignificant. Finally depicts existence of marketing strategy, financing strategy incentives to motivate employees, and cooperation among partners are statically significant at 5% level of significance thus they have an effect on business failure. However, withdrawal of a partner is not a significant variable. Keywords: Ethiopian, Entrepreneurs, failure factors, Women, business DOI: 10.7176/JCSD/61-02 Publication date: September 30 th 2020
Quality of Business Environment of the SME: A Sectoral View

The aim of the article is to find out differences in the perception of selected factors that determine the business environment among selected groups of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), divided according to the sector of the national economy they belong to. The first group included SMEs from the sector of transport and services. The second group included SMEs from the construction, manufacturing and agriculture sectors. The questionnaire was completed by 459 SMEs in the Czech and the Slovak Republics. To evaluate the formulated hypotheses, the Chi-square test and the Z-score were used. The case study showed interesting findings. The SMEs in transport and services perceive the competitive environment as more acceptable than the SMEs in construction, manufacturing and agriculture. In addition, the SMEs in transport and services are of the opinion that customers accept prices of their products and services to a greater extent than the SMEs in construction, manufacturing and agriculture. There are also significant differences between selected groups of SMEs in assessing the quality of the judicial system in commercial law and the view that the current level of macroeconomic indicators supports entrepreneurship and creates interesting business opportunities. The national economy sector is not an important criterion in assessing financing, the family environment, R&D infrastructure, the quality of the business environment or the quality of education. The paper brings interesting findings and new incentives for small and medium-sized enterprises; for organizations supporting the business environment; for further research and discussion on the cross-sectoral assessment of the business environment quality and its important factors.
EXTRACTING HYALURONIC ACID FROM EGGSHELL MEMBRANE WITH ENZYME

Hyaluronic acid has been extracted from eggshell membrane by enzymic hydrolysis.The effects of extraction temperature,pH,the amount of enzyme,the ratio of material-fluid,and extraction time have been investigated.In addition,the optimized parameters of trypsase were obtained and shown as follows: extraction temperature 50 ℃;pH value 8.5;amount of enzyme 8 000 U;the ratio of material-fluid in 1∶40;extraction time 7 h.Therefore,The yielding rate of hyaluronic acid from eggshell membrane is 13.294 mg/g.
Numerical study on the performance of semicircular and rectangular submerged breakwaters

A systematic numerical comparative study of the performance of semicircular and rectangular submerged breakwaters interacting with solitary waves is the basis of this paper. To accomplish this task, Nwogu\'s extended Boussinesq model equations are employed to simulate the interaction of the wave with breakwaters. The finite difference technique has been used to discretize the spatial terms while a fourth-order predictor-corrector method is employed for time discretization in our numerical model. The proposed computational scheme uses a staggered-grid system where the first-order spatial derivatives have been discretized with fourth-order accuracy. For validation purposes, five test cases are considered and numerical results have been successfully compared with the existing analytical and experimental results. The performances of the rectangular and semicircular breakwaters have been examined in terms of the wave reflection, transmission, and dissipation coefficients (RTD coefficients) denoted by K_R, K_T, K_D. The latter coefficient K_D emerges due to the non-energy conserving K_R and K_T,. Our computational results and graphical illustrations show that the rectangular breakwater has higher reflection coefficients than semicircular breakwater for a fixed crest height, but as the wave height increases, the two reflection coefficients approach each other. On the other hand, the rectangular breakwater has larger dissipation coefficients compared to that of the semicircular breakwater and the difference between them increases as the height of the crest increases. However, the transmission coefficient for the semicircular breakwater is greater than that of the rectangular breakwater and the difference in their transmission coefficients increases with the crest height. Quantitatively, for rectangular breakwaters the reflection coefficients K_R are 5-15% higher while the diffusion coefficients K_D are 3-23% higher than that for the semicircular breakwaters, respectively. The transmission coefficients K_T for rectangular breakwater shows the better performance up to 2.47% than that for the semicircular breakwaters. Based on our computational results, one may conclude that the rectangular breakwater has a better overall performance than the semicircular breakwater. Although the model equations are non-dissipative, the non-energy conserving transmission and reflection coefficients due to wave-breakwater interactions lead to dissipation type contribution.
Incorporating Modern Trade Theory into CGE Models∗

We propose a parsimonious way to incorporate three workhorse models in the modern trade literature into the computable general equilibrium model (CGEs) GTAP. Furthermore we estimate (a part of) the parameters in the model structurally. We show that the Ethier-Krugman monopolistic competition model, and the Melitz firm heterogeneity model can be defined as an Armington model with generalized marginal costs, generalized trade costs, and a demand externality. As already known in the literature in both the Ethier-Krugman model and the Melitz model generalized marginal costs are a function of the amount of factor input bundles. In the Melitz model generalized marginal costs are also a function of the price of the factor input bundles. Lower factor prices raise the number of firms that can enter the market profitably (extensive margin), reducing generalized marginal costs of a representative firm. For the same reason the Melitz model features a demand externality: in a larger market more firms can enter. The Eaton-Kortum model deviates from the Armington model because aggregate industry prices do not vary by origin in this model. We implement the different models in the CGE model GTAP. We estimate the most important parameter in the different models, the trade cost elasticity, employing a structurally derived gravity equation. The simulations show that the largest welfare gains are generated in varying models, depending upon the type of trade liberalization and the number of sectors which are modelled as Ethier-Krugman or Melitz. Effects are largest in the Ethier-Krugman model under nationwide trade liberalization and all sectors modelled as either Ethier-Krugman, Melitz or Armington. With only some sectors modelled as Melitz or Ethier-Krugman, the largest welfare effects are produced in the Melitz model. We also provide a detailed and intuitive description of incorporation in the GEMPACK-code of the three different models.
Social Networks and Employee Performance in a Call Center1

Much research in sociology and labor economics studies proxies for productivity; consequently, little is known about the relationship between personal contacts and worker performance. This study addresses, for the first time, the role of referral contacts on workers’ performance. Using employees’ hiring and performance data in a call center, the author examines the performance implications over time of hiring new workers via employee referrals. When assessing whether referrals are more productive than nonreferrals, the author also considers the relationship between employee productivity and turnover. This study finds that referrals are initially more productive than nonreferrals, but longitudinal analyses emphasize posthire social processes among socially connected employees. This article demonstrates that the effect of referral ties continues beyond the hiring process, having long‐term effects on employee attachment to the firm and on performance.