Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
CBACCN: Constraint Based Community Discovery in Complex Network

The prosperity of Web 2.0 and social media brings about many diverse social networks of unprecedented scales, which present new challenges for more effective graph-mining techniques. One of the most relevant features of networks representing real systems is community structure or clustering i.e. the organization of vertices joining with many edges lie in the same cluster and comparatively few edges joining vertices lie in different clusters. In this paper we also have used the notion of community as the key concept. In our previous work, we presented a divisive hierarchical clustering procedure based on minimum edge-cut principle and two constraints which have been used as stopping criteria in the partition phase of CHAMELEON. Here we improved that method by modifying our objective function to get more sophisticated community structures and follow centrality measure average clustering coefficient to measure quality of clusters. For some well-known benchmark complex networks, our method determines similar or more sophisticated communities with high average clustering coefficient than the existing methods of various research papers.
Ocular geometry in adults born small, appropriate or large for gestational age at term

Intrauterine growth restriction leading to a birth weight (BW) which is too low for gestational age (GA) is a known risk factor for various altered organ morphologies and dysfunction in later life. This study aimed to determine for the first time the effects of being small (SGA) or large for gestational age (LGA) on the ocular geometry of adults born at term.
Multiple pathways and independent functional pools in insulin granule exocytosis

In contrast to synaptic vesicle exocytosis, secretory granule exocytosis follows a much longer time course, and thus allows for different prefusion states prior to stimulation. Indeed, total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy in living pancreatic β cells reveals that, prior to stimulation, either visible or invisible granules fuse in parallel during both early (first) and late (second) phases after glucose stimulation. Therefore, fusion occurs not only from granules predocked to the plasma membrane but also from those translocated from the cell interior during ongoing stimulation. Recent findings suggest that such heterogeneous exocytosis is conducted by a specific set of multiple Rab27 effectors that appear to operate on the same granule; namely, exophilin‐8, granuphilin, and melanophilin play differential roles in distinct secretory pathways to final fusion. Furthermore, the exocyst, which is known to tether secretory vesicles to the plasma membrane in constitutive exocytosis, cooperatively functions with these Rab27 effectors in regulated exocytosis. In this review, the basic nature of insulin granule exocytosis will be described as a representative example of secretory granule exocytosis, followed by a discussion of the means by which different Rab27 effectors and the exocyst coordinate to regulate the entire exocytic processes in β cells.
Cationic nanoemulsion vs. 0.15% sodium hyaluronate artificial tears in the healing process following modern surface keratorefractive surgery

Purpose The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of artificial tears containing either cationic nanoemulsion (CCN) or sodium hyaluronate artificial tears (SH) on early postoperative healing after modern surface refractive surgery. Materials and Methods In this multicenter, prospective, double-masked, parallel-group (1:1), comparative study, 129 patients (n = 255 eyes) were randomized to receive CCN (n = 128) or SH (n = 127) as an adjuvant treatment after either transepithelial photorefractive keratectomy (transPRK) or Epi-Bowman keratectomy (EBK). The patients’ perspectives were gathered using the Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) questionnaire, and uncorrected (UCVA), and corrected (BCVA) visual acuity were assessed before and one week and one month after the procedure. In addition, corneal epithelization and subjective assessment of visual blur and eye irritation on drop instillation were assessed at one week postoperatively. Results No statistically significant differences were found between two groups in age, spherical equivalent refractive error, UCVA, BCVA or OSDI scores before the procedure. There was also no difference between groups in UCVA one week and one month after the procedure. However, statistically significantly lower OSDI scores were found one week and one month after the procedure in the CCN group. Moreover, blurred vision after use of the eye drops was observed less frequently in the CCN group than in the SH group. Conclusions The CCN and SH groups had similar postoperative UCVA. However the significantly lower OSDI scores and less frequently blurred vision after application of the eye drops in the CCN group suggest better subjective outcomes in this group.
Drug–drug interactions of protein kinase inhibitors in chronic myeloid leukaemia patients: A study using the French health insurance database

The introduction of protein kinase inhibitors (PKIs) for chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) has considerably improved prognosis of the disease but has also demonstrated a great potential for drug–drug interactions. Using the French health insurance databases, we aim to investigate the frequency, identify the associated factors and describe the potential consequences of potential drug–drug interactions (pPKI‐DIs) between PKIs and concurrent medications in CML. A retrospective cohort study has been performed among patients with CML identified in the French healthcare database from 2011 to 2014. A pPKI‐DI is defined as the presence of drugs listed as ‘interacting’ on the same day as PKI dispensing (co‐dispensing) or in its coverage period (co‐medication) during the first year of follow‐up. The list of interacting drugs is based on the summary of products characteristics (SPCs) and Thesaurus of interactions. We performed specific nested case–control comparisons to investigate the association between PKI‐DI and each of the three potential outcomes (death, hospitalisation for adverse drug reactions and switch to another PKI). We included 3480 patients; 1429 (41%) had a co‐dispensing pPKI‐DI, and 2153 (62%) had a co‐medication pPKI‐DI; 50% of the pPKI‐DIs were ‘to be taken into account’, and 17% were ‘not recommended’. The PKI with the most interactions was imatinib, and additional common drug classes included statins, benzodiazepines and proton pump inhibitors. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that the use of a higher number of additional drugs, comorbidities at baseline, high number of prescribers and higher ages were potential risk factors. Nilotinib and dasatinib showed a tendency towards a higher risk of pPKI‐DI compared to imatinib. Despite the fact that some PKI‐DIs were potentially clinically relevant, we did not find any significant association with death, hospitalisation for adverse drug reactions and switching. These findings should increase awareness to help reduce the prevalence of PKI–drug interactions and thereby ensure better management of CML patients.
Genetic variation in organic cation transporters and considerations in drug development

ABSTRACT Introduction Membrane transporters are now widely recognized for their role in the absorption, distribution, clearance, and elimination of drugs. The organic cation transporters (OCTs, SLC22A) are expressed in the intestine, liver, and kidneys and are of importance in determining systemic pharmacokinetics (PK) and tissue-specific exposure of drugs and metabolites. Areas covered An overview of the role of OCTs in drug disposition is presented. Genetic variation in OCTs and the effects on PK and drug response were discussed. Expert opinion Clinical studies demonstrated significance of OCT1 and OCT2 in the hepatic uptake and renal secretion of drug, respectively. These mechanisms are important in determining the systemic PK and tissue exposure and thus pharmacodynamics of several drugs (e.g. metformin, morphine, sumatriptan). Emerging pharmacogenomic data also suggests multidrug and toxin extrusion pump (MATE1, SLC47A1) contribution to PK and response of drugs like metformin and cisplatin. Considerations to genotyping of functional and common variants of OCTs should be given, particularly for cationic drugs with hepatic elimination or renal secretion being major clearance pathways, in the clinical development. While the current evidence indicate that pharmacokinetic variability associated with known genotypes of OCTs/MATEs is relatively small, they may be of relevance in the tissue-specific effects and for drugs with low therapeutic index.
Molecular analyses of turf algae reveal a new species and an undetected introduction in the Pterosiphonieae (Rhodomelaceae, Rhodophyta)

Introduced seaweeds and undescribed species often remain undetected because marine regional floras are as yet poorly understood. DNA sequencing facilitates their detection, but databases are incomplete, so their improvement will continue to lead the discovery of these species. Here we aim to clarify the taxonomy of two turf‐forming red algal Australian species that morphologically resemble the European Aphanocladia stichidiosa. We also aim to elucidate whether either of these species could have been introduced in Europe or Australia. We studied their morphology, analyzed 17 rbcL sequences of European and Australian specimens, examined their generic assignment using a phylogeny based on 24 plastid genomes, and investigated their biogeography using a taxon‐rich phylogeny including 52 rbcL sequences of species in the Pterosiphonieae. The rbcL sequences of one of the Australian species were identical to A. stichidiosa from Europe, considerably expanding its known distribution. Unexpectedly, our phylogenetic analyses resolved this species in the Lophurella clade rather than in Aphanocladia and the new combination L. stichidiosa is proposed. The other Australian species is described as L. pseudocorticata sp. nov. Although L. stichidiosa was originally described in the Mediterranean ca. 70 years ago, our phylogenetic analyses placed it in a lineage restricted to the southern hemisphere, showing that it is native to Australia and introduced to Europe. This study confirms that further work using molecular tools is needed to characterize seaweed diversity, especially among the poorly explored algal turfs, and showcases the usefulness of phylogenetic approaches to uncover introduced species and to determine their native ranges.
Les déterminants sur un corps non commutatif

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A SPECTRAL STUDY OF THE WARMING EPOCH OF JANUARY–FEBRUARY 1958*

Abstract Contour and isotherm patterns of 100-, 50-, and 30-mb. charts have been subjected to harmonic analysis after the manner of Saltzman and Fleisher. The resulting wave-number statistics permit a detailed examination of the sudden warming and circulation breakdown that occurred in the Northern Hemisphere stratosphere in January–February 1958. The stratospheric warming epoch of January 1958 was preceded by a marked expansion in the ring of tropospheric westerlies. Thereafter in the stratosphere the kinetic energy of wave number 1 increased by nearly the same amount transferred to it by the zonal flow and the other waves. However a subsequent great increase in the kinetic energy of wave number 2 occurred simultaneously with a large transfer of kinetic energy from that wave to both the zonal flow and the other waves. This development of wave number 2 thus appears to have been baroclinic in nature. Correlation of daily spectral statistics for the stratosphere and troposphere show a number of significant .
A High-Resolution Analysis of Cloud Amount and Type over Complex Topography

Abstract This paper reports on the first application of a multispectral textural Bayesian cloud classification algorithm (“SRTex”) to the general problem of the determination of high–spatial resolution cloud-amount and cloud-type climatological distributions. One year of NOAA-14 daylight passes over a region of complex topography (the South Island of New Zealand and adjacent ocean areas) is analyzed, and exploratory cloud-amount and -type climatological distributions are developed. When validated against a set of surface observations, the cloud-amount distributions have no significant bias at seasonal and yearly timescales, and explain between 70% (seasonal) and 90% (annual) of the spatial variance in the surface observations. The cloud-amount distributions show strong land/sea contrasts. Lowest cloud frequencies are found in the lee of the major alpine feature in the analysis domain (the Southern Alps) and over mountain-sheltered valleys and adjacent sea areas. Over the oceans, cloud frequencies are high.
Altered White Matter Integrity in ADHD Revealed by Meta-analysis of Tract-based Spatial Statistics

Objective: We conducted an updated coordinate-based meta-analysis (CBMA) to determine the most prominent and robust white matter (WM) abnormalities in ADHD based on tract-based spatial statistics (TBSS) findings. Method: The seed-based d mapping (SDM) software was applied to compare regional fractional anisotropy (FA) alterations in ADHD. Subgroup meta-analyses in the pure ADHD without comorbidity subgroup, the children and adolescents subgroup, and the adults subgroup were also explored, respectively. Meta-regression analysis was subsequently used to examine potential correlations between demographics and FA changes. Results: Only one cluster in the splenium of corpus callosum (CC) exhibited age-related FA decrease in ADHD individuals in the pooled meta-analysis. The adults ADHD subgroup revealed two clusters with reduced FA lied in the splenium and body of CC. Conclusion: This updated CBMA confirmed the WM abnormalities in the splenium of CC in ADHD, and improved our understanding of the pathogenesis of this neurodevelopmental disorder.
Tractional Retinal Detachment in Eyes with Vitreous Hemorrhage and Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy and Posterior Vitreous Detachment in Fellow Eye

Purpose To predict the presence of tractional retinal detachment (TRD) in eyes with dense vitreous hemorrhage (VH) and proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) by evaluating the status of posterior vitreous detachment (PVD) in fellow eyes using optical coherence tomography (OCT). Methods A total of 44 eyes from 22 patients who underwent vitrectomy due to dense VH with PDR were enrolled. Using OCT, the PVD status in the fellow eye was divided into two groups (incomplete and complete PVD). The incomplete PVD group included eyes without PVD and eyes with partial PVD. B-scan ultrasonography was performed on eyes with dense VH to evaluate the presence of TRD. Both OCT and B-scan images were reviewed by four ophthalmologists (two novices and two experienced), and the interobserver agreement was evaluated. Results There was a difference in the interobserver agreement regarding the presence of TRD in eyes with dense VH evaluated by B scan between novice and experienced ophthalmologists (novice, κ = 0.421 vs. experienced, κ = 0.814), although there was no difference between novice and experienced ophthalmologists in the interobserver agreement regarding the status of PVD in the fellow eye evaluated by OCT (novice, κ = 1.000 vs. experienced, κ = 1.000). All observed TRD during vitrectomy occurred in eyes with incomplete PVD in the fellow eye. Logistic regression analysis revealed a statistically significant relation between TRD and the age of the patient (odds ratio [OR], 0.874; p = 0.047), and between TRD and incomplete PVD in the fellow eye evaluated by OCT (OR, 13.904; p = 0.042). Conclusions Evaluation of the PVD status in the fellow eye using OCT may be a useful predictor for detecting the presence of TRD in eyes with dense VH and PDR.
Probable Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from African Lion to Zoo Employees, Indiana, USA, 2021

We describe animal-to-human transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in a zoo setting in Indiana, USA. A vaccinated African lion with physical limitations requiring hand feeding tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 after onset of respiratory signs. Zoo employees were screened, monitored prospectively for onset of symptoms, then rescreened as indicated; results were confirmed by using reverse transcription PCR and whole-genome virus sequencing when possible. Traceback investigation narrowed the source of infection to 1 of 6 persons. Three exposed employees subsequently had onset of symptoms, 2 with viral genomes identical to the lion’s. Forward contact tracing investigation confirmed probable lion-to-human transmission. Close contact with large cats is a risk factor for bidirectional zoonotic SARS-CoV-2 transmission that should be considered when occupational health and biosecurity practices at zoos are designed and implemented. SARS-CoV-2 rapid testing and detection methods for big cats and other susceptible animals should be developed and validated to enable timely implementation of One Health investigations.
Modeling global oceanic nitrogen deposition from food systems and its mitigation potential by reducing overuse of fertilizers

Significance Oceanic nitrogen deposition has attracted much attention due to its impacts on marine ecosystems with eutrophication. We generated a long-term oceanic nitrogen deposition dataset with updated high-resolution ammonia emissions and evaluated how ammonia changed the oceanic nitrogen deposition patterns between 1970 and 2018. Ammonia now dominates oceanic reactive nitrogen deposition in coastal regions where the country has much higher ammonia emissions than oxidized nitrogen emissions, including China Sea, India Coastal, and Northeastern Atlantic Shelves. The modeling results indicate that oceanic ammonia-related nitrogen deposition can be substantially reduced by decreasing overuse of nitrogen fertilizers. This analysis benefits our understanding of how ammonia changes oceanic nitrogen deposition patterns and provides an essential reference to target future nitrogen abatement.
Self-Adjoint Fredholm Operators And Spectral Flow

Abstract We study the topology of the nontrivial component, , of self-adjoint Fredholm operators on a separable Hilbert space. In particular, if {Bt } is a path of such operators, we can associate to {Bt } an integer, sf({Bt }), called the spectral flow of the path. This notion, due to M. Atiyah and G. Lusztig, assigns to the path {Bt } the net number of eigenvalues (counted with multiplicities) which pass through 0 in the positive direction. There are difficulties in making this precise — the usual argument involves looking at the graph of the spectrum of the family (after a suitable perturbation) and then counting intersection numbers with y = 0. We present a completely different approach using the functional calculus to obtain continuous paths of eigenprojections (at least locally) of the form . The spectral flow is then defined as the dimension of the nonnegative eigenspace at the end of this path minus the dimension of the nonnegative eigenspace at the beginning. This leads to an easy proof that spectral flow is a well-defined homomorphism from the homotopy groupoid of onto Z. For the sake of completeness we also outline the seldom-mentioned proof that the restriction of spectral flow to is an isomorphism onto Z.
Perception and Memory in the Ventral Visual Stream and Medial Temporal Lobe.

Perception and memory are traditionally thought of as separate cognitive functions, supported by distinct brain regions. The canonical perspective is that perceptual processing of visual information is supported by the ventral visual stream, whereas long-term declarative memory is supported by the medial temporal lobe. However, this modular framework cannot account for the increasingly large body of evidence that reveals a role for early visual areas in long-term recognition memory and a role for medial temporal lobe structures in high-level perceptual processing. In this article, we review relevant research conducted in humans, nonhuman primates, and rodents. We conclude that the evidence is largely inconsistent with theoretical proposals that draw sharp functional boundaries between perceptual and memory systems in the brain. Instead, the weight of the empirical findings is best captured by a representational-hierarchical model that emphasizes differences in content, rather than in cognitive processes within the ventral visual stream and medial temporal lobe. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Vision Science, Volume 9 is September 2023. Please see http://www.annualreviews. org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.
Chinese and Indian interpretations of pain: A qualitative evidence synthesis to facilitate chronic pain management

People from minority ethnicities often have a greater impact of chronic pain, are underrepresented at pain services, and may not benefit from treatment to the same extent as dominant cultures. The aim of this study was to review Indian and Chinese cultural views of pain and pain management, as a basis for improving management of chronic pain in migrant populations from these ethnicities.
X-radiation of Lotus corniculatus L. seeds improves germination and initial seedling growth

Abstract Purpose Lotus corniculatus L. (bird’s foot trefoil, BFT) is a valuable perennial legume forage species due to its high nutritive value, persistence under grazing, and condensed tannin content that improves ruminant production and prevents bloating. However, it is less preferred by farmers compared with other perennial forage legumes such as alfalfa because of slow germination, slow establishment and low seedling vigor. This study was conducted to determine whether X-ray seed priming could improve these deficiencies. Materials and methods Seeds of L. corniculatus cv. ‘AC Langille’ were irradiated at 0, 100, and 300 Gy. Non-irradiated and irradiated seeds were sown on Murashige and Skoog/Gamborg medium under in vitro conditions and cultured for 21 days. Germination percentage, mean germination time (MGT), germination rate index, length of shoot and root, fresh and dry weight of shoot and root, dry matter ratios of shoot and root, water content of shoot and root, and seedling vigor index were measured. Results The results of this study demonstrated that X-ray seed priming significantly increased the germination percentage of L. corniculatus, increased the germination rate and thereby shortened the MGT, and improved seedling growth. However, X-ray pretreatment also decreased seedling shoot and root biomass. Conclusions In this study, it is reported for the first time that X-ray seed pretreatment has the potential to address important seedling establishment issues in L. corniculatus.