Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Controlled Fabrication of Hierarchically Structured MnO2@NiCo-LDH Nanoarrays for Efficient Electrocatalytic Urea Oxidization

Urea, a prevalent component found in wastewater, shows great promise as a substrate for energy-efficient hydrogen production by electrolysis. However, the slow kinetics of the anodic urea oxidation reaction (UOR) significantly hamper the overall reaction rate. This study presents the design and controlled fabrication of hierarchically structured nanomaterials as potential catalysts for UOR. The prepared MnO2@NiCo-LDH hybrid catalyst demonstrates remarkable improvements in reaction kinetics, benefiting from synergistic enhancements in charge transfer and efficient mass transport facilitated by its unique hierarchical architecture. Notably, the catalyst exhibits an exceptionally low onset potential of 1.228 V and requires only 1.326 V to achieve an impressive current density of 100 mA cm−2, representing a state-of-the-art performance in UORs. These findings highlight the tremendous potential of this innovative material designing strategy to drive advancements in electrocatalytic processes.
Anomalous subarctic influence in the southern California Current during 2002

A highly anomalous water mass of apparent subarctic origin, characterized by negative temperature and salinity anomalies, high concentrations of dissolved oxygen and inorganic nutrients, and unusually high chlorophyll fluorescence, was observed off southern California during summer 2002. This water mass was confined spatially to a narrow ribbon in the upper pycnocline: at a density of σt = 25.0 kg m−3 and ∼150–350 km offshore, within and seaward of the main California Current core. These observations are very similar to those made off the Oregon and Vancouver Island coasts at about the same time, implying a displacement of subarctic waters more than 1200 km equatorward within the California Current. The maintenance of strong water property anomalies over this distance demonstrates the efficacy of the California Current as a conduit of water masses and plankton. The magnitude of the anomalies observed in July 2002 suggest the occurrence of the largest subarctic intrusion into the California Current System in the 50+ year historical record and may reflect low‐frequency climate variability.
School Satisfaction of Elementary School Children

The present study examines school satisfaction among 1,090 Dutch and ethnic minority children aged between ten and twelve in relation to their school context. Data were gathered in 51 classes from 26 schools. Individual and classroom variables were examined simultaneously, using multilevel analysis. Controlling statistically for general life satisfaction and teacher likeability, the results show that the effects of educational performance and peer victimization on school satisfaction were mediated by perceived scholastic competence and social self-esteem, respectively. In addition, ethnic minority groups were more satisﬁed with school than the Dutch pupils, and girls were more satisﬁed than boys. Multilevel analysis showed that school satisfaction was dependent on the classroom context. The academic and social climate in the class had positive effects on the level of satisfaction with school. The percentage of Dutch pupils, the percentage of girls and the number of pupils had no signiﬁcant independent effects on school satisfaction.
Trabecular Bone Score Preceding and during a 2-Year Follow-Up after Sleeve Gastrectomy: Pitfalls and New Insights

Bariatric surgery (BS) can have negative effects on bone health. Bone microarchitecture quality evaluation using the trabecular bone score (TBS) has not been described in patients after sleeve gastrectomy (SG). To test the hypothesis that the TBS is clinically useful for this population, we evaluated changes in bone mineral density (BMD) and the TBS in a longitudinal cohort study following SG. The measurements before surgery and after 12 and 24 postoperative months were as follows: weight, height, BMI, waist circumference (WC), BMD and TBS. The results at baseline showed the following: a mean BMI of 43 ± 0.56, TBS of 1.25 ± 0.02, lumbar spine BMD T-score of −0.4 ± 0.93, TBS T-score of −2.30 ± 0.21, significantly lower than BMD-T-score, and associated with a BMD-T-TBS-T gap (T-gap) of −2.05 ± 1.26 (−0.24 ± 0.13). One year after surgery, the TBS had significantly improved (+12.12% ± 1.5), leading to a T-gap of −0.296 ± 0.14, which remained stable at 2 years post-surgery. A correlation analysis revealed a significant negative correlation between the T-gap and WC (r = −0.43 p = 0.004). Our interpretation is that abdominal fat may interfere with image acquisition via increased tissue thickness, leading to a false low TBS at baseline. In conclusion, TBS should be interpreted with caution in patients with obesity and elevated WC. Additionally, we show that after SG, the LS microarchitecture measured using the TBS is partially degraded in up to 25% of patients. Further studies are warranted to assess hip bone microarchitecture changes after bariatric surgery.
Electronic Waste

Electronic waste (e-waste) is one of the swift waste streams and comprises of end of life electronic products. The Western countries as alternative destinations for disposal ship the wastes to underdeveloped and developing countries where labor cost is reasonably meager and environmental laws are feebly implemented. When not recycled, the e-waste is either incinerated or landfilled. These methods involve not only wasting valuable metals but also creating potential risk for the environment. These substances are detrimental to nervous system, kidneys, bones, reproductive system, and endocrine system, and some of them are even carcinogenic and neurotoxic. Thus, extensive research is needed to evolve sophisticated technology which may help to curb environmental pollution and contribute towards sustainable development in terms of recycling of precious metals.
Characterization, Sources, and Chemical Processes of Submicron Aerosols at a Mountain Site in Central China

A field campaign (29 May to 14 June 2018) was conducted at a mountain site in central China. The chemical composition of non‐refractory submicron particulate matter (NR‐PM1) and the particle number size distribution (PNSD) were measured, respectively. The mean NR‐PM1 mass concentration was 20.94 ± 10.14 μg m−3, among which organics (47%) was the most abundant component, followed by sulfate (37%), ammonium (11%), nitrate (4%), and chloride (1%). Notably, sulfate accounted for more than 70% of the secondary inorganic aerosols. Positive matrix factorization (PMF) analysis of the composition data resulted in three organic aerosol (OA) factors: hydrocarbon‐like OA (HOA), oxygenated OA I (OOA‐I), and oxygenated OA II (OOA‐II). The secondary organic aerosol (SOA) composed of the latter two factors (SOA: OOA‐I + OOA‐II) was dominant in OA (80.7%). The PMF analysis of the PNSD data yielded three factors: new particle formation related mode, growth mode, and accumulation mode, among which the last factor dominated both number and volume ratios. The sulfate formation was characterized by the sulfur oxidation ratio (SOR), heterogeneous sulfate production rate (Phet), and gaseous sulfuric acid concentration, representing secondary sulfate transformation, heterogeneous reactions, and gas phase reactions, respectively. The results showed that Phet was well correlated with both sulfate concentrations and SOR, especially during the polluted periods. Our study demonstrates that photochemically‐driven heterogeneous reactions contribute dominantly to the sulfate formation and SOA is formed predominantly by photochemical oxidation of volatile organic compounds under high temperatures and ultraviolet (UV) intensities, and NOX concentrations on Mt. Wudang during the campaign period.
The severity of pneumonia and its association with socio-demographic factors among children under five years old in Wasit governorate hospitals, Iraq

Background Pneumonia is the leading infectious cause of death among children under five globally. Objective The study aims to determine socio-demographic factors associated with the severity of pneumonia among children under five in Wasit Governorate. Methods A cross-sectional study and convenience sampling (non-probability) were conducted among 477 children admitted to Wasit governorate hospitals. This sample was distributed throughout five hospitals selected using convenience sampling techniques, including AL-Zahra Hospital, AL-Numaniyah General Hospital, AL-Karama Teaching Hospital, Martyr Fairouz General Hospital, and AL-Kut Gynecology Hospital. It was conducted from October 1st, 2022, to May 1st, 2023. Through questionnaires, data were collected and analyzed through descriptive and inferential statistics. Results The results showed that the participants’ distribution according to pneumonia severity was such that the majority of children (81%) included in the study suffered from pneumonia. 14% of children suffered from very severe pneumonia, and 5% suffered from severe pneumonia. The children at risk of developing pneumonia were within the age group of 1-11 months (55.6%), were male (60.6%), and resided in urban areas (63.7%). Both the mother and the father had completed their primary education (50.9% and 47.4%, respectively), and 99.4% and 97.5% of the mothers were married and housewives. More than half of the fathers, 59.5%, were self-employed, and 25.6% suffered from house overcrowding. In addition, 65% had low socioeconomic status. There was a significant relationship between pneumonia severity and the father’s occupation and socioeconomic status. Conclusions This study concludes that pneumonia was the most common diagnosis at admission. Among the risk factors studied, low socioeconomic status and the father’s occupation were significant risk factors for pneumonia in children.
Productive Performances of Slow-Growing Chicken Breeds and Their Crosses with a Commercial Strain in Conventional and Free-Range Farming Systems

Simple Summary Poultry farming is set to expand in the future, and consumers are requiring more sustainable and ethical products. Free-range farming systems produce high-quality meat and also present added value in terms of welfare, sustainability, small-scale farmers’ development, and ethical farming. Local chicken breeds should be used in organic and free-range farming, but they have long growth periods. As found in the present study, crossbreeding could improve growth results, thus safeguarding local chicken biodiversity. Abstract Local chicken breeds play a vital role in promoting sustainability by preserving genetic diversity, enhancing resilience, and supporting local economies. These breeds are adapted to local climates and conditions, requiring fewer external resources and inputs for their maintenance. By conserving and utilizing local chicken breeds, sustainable farming practices can be incentivized, maintaining ecosystem balance and ensuring food security for future generations. The present study aimed at evaluating the growth performance and slaughter traits of two local Italian chicken breeds (Bionda Piemontese and Robusta Maculata) and their crosses with a medium-growth genotype (Sasso chicken®) reared in conventional and free-range farming systems. The conventional system used a high-energy high-protein diet in a closed barn with controlled temperature, humidity, and lighting, and a stocking density of 33 kg/m2. The free-range system used a low-input diet (low-energy low-protein diet composed of local and GMO-free feed ingredients), uncontrolled environmental conditions, and a stocking density of 21 kg/m2 in a barn with free access to an outdoor area. The birds were slaughtered at 84 days of age in both systems. The crossbred chickens showed the best results for growth performance in both farming systems compared to local breeds. Within genotype, the final live weight of chickens was similar in the two farming systems. In conclusion, slow-growth crossbreeds should be used in alternative farming systems, demonstrating better performance than pure local breeds.
Artificial Intelligence in The Healthcare System; A Cross-Sectional Study Involving Medical Students

Introduction: Artificial Intelligence has brought revolutionary changes in the medical field in terms of diagnosis, surgeries, and rehabilitation. This study aims to assess the knowledge and perceptions of medical students regarding Artificial Intelligence. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study having a sample size of n= 210. The study was conducted in a medical university of Rawalpindi, among all the years of medicine. A pre-made questionnaire to assess the knowledge and perceptions of the students. The data was collected from September to December 2022. SPSS version 26 and Microsoft Excel were used for data analysis. The data were deposited in a repository of Zenodo with the persistent identifier. Results: Only 13% of students understood what is meant by neural networks. With 65.4% believing that AI will be able to help to establish a prognosis, 60.1% expressed their confidence in AI to replace humans in performing surgery, and 40.3% found it a threat to physicians’ jobs being replaced by AI. The majority (73.9%) of students thought that health equity will face quite a lot of new challenges if AI steps into medicine but they also agreed that AI skills should be ingrained in medical training. Conclusion: Medical students lack an understanding of AI but are quite optimistic that it has the potential to transform existing healthcare practices. Students believe that training in AI competencies should be added to their curriculum so that they can be well equipped with upcoming challenges.
Inflammatory Markers in Patients With Major Depressive Disorder: A Prospective, Clinic-Based, Cohort Study From India

Background Patients with major depressive disorder have varying response rates to treatment. Multiple factors such as non-adherence, comorbidity, chronic stressors, and biological factors may be responsible for this variation. Inflammatory (pro and anti) markers have been well studied as a cause for depression, predisposing factors, and a consequence of depression. Among these, interleukins (ILs), interferons, C-reactive protein (CRP), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) have been studied repeatedly. We conducted a pilot study to assess the levels of these inflammatory markers in patients with major depressive disorder. The specific objectives of this study were to compare and correlate changes in pro- and anti-inflammatory markers throughout different phases of depression, including pretreatment and posttreatment periods, and to evaluate the pattern of pro- and anti-inflammatory markers in patients who experienced remission or showed a positive response to treatment. Methodology This was a prospective, clinic-based, cohort study done for a period of one and a half years. Patients aged 18-65 years with depressive disorder per the International Classification of Diseases Tenth Edition and who scored more than 7 on the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale were included in this study. A total of 81 patients were recruited who were followed up till eight weeks after inclusion. A total of 31 patients completed the eight weeks of follow-up. Levels of IL-10 and TNF-α were assessed at baseline, two weeks, four weeks, and eight weeks of follow-up. Results This study tried to compare the levels of pro- and anti-inflammatory markers across pretreatment and various posttreatment phases of depression. Results showed that the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokine TNF-α increased from baseline till eight weeks of follow-up, and levels of IL-10 decreased from baseline till eight weeks of follow-up. However, these changes were not statistically significant. Conclusions This study supports the hypothesis that inflammatory markers can be trait markers of depression rather than the consequence or result.
The influence of Umrah service operation on customer value, trust, and commitment

Umrah is one of the Muslim pilgrimage journeys to the holy city of Makkah. Many Umrah agents provide good services to attract customers. One of the crucial aspects for Umrah agents is service operation quality. The study aims to investigate the influence of service operations on the value, trust, and commitment of Umrah pilgrims in Jakarta, Indonesia. This paper uses a quantitative approach and employs SEM-PLS to analyze the data. Data were collected through an online questionnaire from 425 respondents. The respondents are Umrah pilgrims who performed their pilgrimage before 2019 through agents registered in Jakarta. However, only 370 responses qualified. The results show a strong relationship between service operations and customer value, trust, and commitment. There is also a relationship between customer value and customer commitment and between customer trust and customer commitment. Service operations also have an influence on commitment with trust as a mediator. However, service operations do not influence commitment when mediated by customer value. The practical implication of this study is that Umrah agents should increase their service operation, particularly information technology-based services, add Islamic and social values, and increase the cognitive commitment among customers.
EFL TEACHERS’ REFLECTION IN THE IMPLEMENTATION OF ONLINE FLIPPED CLASSROOM: CHALLENGES AND STRATEGIES

The implementation of online flipped classroom was one of the impacts occurred due to Covid-19 pandemic in educational sector. This sudden shift caused challenges for EFL teachers. However, only a few studies researched the teachers’ challenges in implementing fully-online flipped classroom and the ways they solved them. Therefore, this study aims to explore the teachers’ challenges in implementing fully-online flipped classroom and their strategies to deal with them. This study employed a narrative inquiry method and the data were gathered with a semi-structured interview from three EFL teachers from a private university in Yogyakarta. The results showed that the teachers faced challenges including students’ motivation and engagement, students’ mixed ability, assessment, resistance to change and teachers’ workload. Teachers’ strategies were: maximizing synchronous meeting, providing meaningful and personalized feedback, assigning groupwork, utilizing formative assessment and collaborating with colleagues. This study can help the teachers to identify their challenges in implementing flipped classroom in an online environment and find the solutions.
Unveiling the Tapestry of Tobacco Consumption: Exploring the Sociodemographic Factors Impacting Smokers at Smoking Cessation Clinics in Jeddah

Background The World Health Organization (WHO) has identified tobacco smoking as a global epidemic, causing an estimated three million deaths annually. This study aims to examine the sociodemographic characteristics and smoking-related behaviors among individuals attending smoking cessation clinics in Jeddah during 2022. By identifying these factors, appropriate interventions can be developed to combat the smoking epidemic. Methodology The study enrolled male and female participants who visited the Smoking Cessation Clinics in Jeddah from January 2022 to December 2022. Eligible participants were between 18 and 60 years old and agreed to take part in the study. Data on smoking status, medical history, previous attempts at quitting, and medication use were collected. Statistical analysis, including chi-square tests and P-values, was conducted to assess the associations between participants' medical history and smoking cessation attempts. Results A total of 5,869 participants were included in the study. The findings revealed that approximately one-fifth of the participants had previously attempted to quit smoking, while the majority 4,780 (81.4%) had not made any cessation attempts. Among those who had made quit attempts, the majority had tried quitting between one and four times 968 (16.5%). The duration of successful cessation reported by participants was generally short, with the majority 4,781 (81.5%) not experiencing any extended period of quitting. Common reasons for relapse included cravings, social influences, mood changes, stress, and withdrawal symptoms. The study also found significant associations between specific medical conditions and smoking cessation attempts. Conclusions The study identified significant associations between male gender, older age group (51-60 years), divorced marital status, intermediate educational levels, higher income levels, retired status, extreme body mass index (BMI) categories, and previous attempts at smoking cessation. Healthcare providers and policymakers should consider these findings when developing and implementing smoking cessation programs. The insights gained from this research can contribute to the development of targeted interventions to reduce smoking rates and improve public health outcomes.
Bacterial responses to plant antimicrobials: the case of alkannin and shikonin derivatives

Alkannin, shikonin and their derivatives (A/S) are secondary metabolites produced in the roots of certain plants of the Boraginaceae family such as Lithospermum erythrorhizon Siebold & Zucc. and Alkanna tinctoria (L.) Tausch. These naphthoquinones express anti-cancer, wound healing, and antimicrobial activities. To study the interactions between endophytic bacteria isolated from A. tinctoria and the antimicrobials A/S, endophytic bacteria known to be resistant to the compounds were screened for their effect on A/S in liquid medium. Thereafter, the strain Pseudomonas sp. R-72008, was selected and tested for its ability to modify A/S in nutrient medium and minimal medium with A/S as sole carbon source. Bacterial growth was recorded, and high performance liquid chromatography-diode array and ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry analyses were performed to detect and quantify metabolites. In nutrient medium inoculated with R-72008, a decrease in the amount of A/S monomers initially present was observed and correlated with an increase of A/S oligomers. Moreover, a significant decrease of initial A/S monomers in minimal medium was correlated with bacterial growth, showing for the first time that a bacterial strain, Pseudomonas sp. R-72008, was able to use the naphthoquinones A/S as sole carbon source. This study opens new perspectives on the interactions between bacteria and plant antimicrobials.
Doctoral Student Perceptions of a Project-Based Learning Approach in an Instructional Design Course

The purpose of this single case study was to determine how a project-based learning approach to instructional design supported education doctorate students’ acquisition of new knowledge and practical application of skills in their current and future professions. Participants included 58 students in an online EdD instructional design course. We found that 72% of students credited the design project for scaffolding their learning about instructional design and 80% saw an immediate application of the instructional design project to their current professional roles. Further, 93% of students could foresee the application of new knowledge and skills to future professional opportunities. This study has implications for those who teach EdD courses and are interested in providing a project-based approach to content acquisition and teaching skills students can apply in their professional organizations, both current and future.