Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
40AR/39AR GEOCHRONOLOGY USING HIGH SENSITIVITY MASS SPECTROMETRY: EXAMPLES FROM MIDDLE MIOCENE HORIZONS OF THE CENTRAL PARATETHYS

Ar-40/Ar-39 radio-isotopic dating of volcanic tuffs intercalated in sediments can provide high accuracy age control on the deposition of sedimentary rocks. State-of-the-art mass spectrometers such as the ARGUS VI are able to acquire highly precise ages for relatively small single grains (similar to 90-250 mu m for Miocene samples). Single grain measurement can provide insight into the sometimes complex age distributions within volcanic tuff's. The results show that Ar-40/Ar-39 ages based on multiple grain fusions will not necessarily reflect eruption ages, which can lead to (slight) overestimation of the depositional age. The paper compares multiple and single grain data from different Miocene tuffs in the Central Paratethys, which plays an important role in the establishment of a geological time frame for this area. The examples come from three middle Miocene tuff horizons that span from the Badenian transgression to the Badenian-Sarmatian Extinction Event. The new ages obtained from the Quellgraben section in the Styrian Basin (14.31 +/- 0.27 Ma and 14.03 +/- 0.04 Ma) are much younger than the previous dating and together with the new data from the Bernhardsthal-4 well, Vienna Basin (15.12 +/- 0.19 Ma) indicate, that the Badenian (Langhian) marine flooding did not reach this area before 15.2 Ma. The new weighted mean age of 12.56 +/- 0.10 Ma from the Kamenica nad IIronom section in the Danube Basin dates the transition from marine to terrestrial setting, which is possibly connected with a sea level lowstand at the beginning of the Sarmatian.
Seed germination behaviour of six medicinal plants from Bangladesh

This paper focuses on seed germination of six indigenous medicinal plants of Bangladesh, namely Adenanthera pavonina L. , Helicteres isora L. , Murraya paniculata (L.) Jack, Psoralea corylifolia L. , Uraria lagopodioides (L.) Desv. and U. picta (Jacq.) Desv. ex DC. The minimum days taken to germinate seeds in Adenanthera pavonina L. , Murraya paniculata (L.) Jack, Psoralea corylifolia L. , Uraria lagopodioides (L.) Desv. and U. picta (Jacq.) Desv. ex DC. are 12, 36, 10, 39 and 14, respectively. Seeds were not germinated in Helicteres isora L. indicating that seeds are not suitable for propagation, however, propagation through stem cutting in this species revealed that plants flowers and set fruits in the same year and take only six to seven months. Epigeal type of seed germination was observed in all cases. DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.3329/bjpt.v21i1. 19270 Bangladesh J. Plant Taxon. 21 (1): 71-76, 2014 (June)
RELEVANSI UNGKAPAN MITOS SEBAGAI KEARIFAN LOKAL DALAM PENANAMAN ETIKA

Kearifan lokal juga mengacu pada berbagai kekayaan budaya yang tumbuh dan berkembang dalam sebuah masyarakat yang dikenal, dipercayai, dan diakui sebagai elemen-elemen penting yang mampu mempertebal kohesi sosial di tengah masyarakat. Salah satu kearifan lokal yang bisa ditemui khususnya di Bali adalah ungkap mitos masyarakat Bali. Ungkapan mitos ini pada umumnya diberikan pada anak-anak. Di Bali ungkapan mitos digunakan pada orang tua untuk menakut-nakuti anak-anak mereka. Tujuannya bukan agar anak-anak ketakutan tetapi lebih dari penanaman etika. Cara ini biasanya digunakan kepada anak yang bandel tidak bisa diberitahu oleh orang tuanya. Larangan itu dimaksudkan agar anak-anaknya memiliki etika. Dengan kata lain, fungsi dari larangan ini adalah sebagai bentuk pengajaran etika oleh orang tua kepada anak-anaknya. Kemajuan teknologi mengakibatan data dan informasi saat ini sangat mudah sekali untuk didapatkan. Perubahan kebudayaan menunjukkan adanya suatu periode transisional pola - pola ekonomi, sosial, dan kultural yang terus berubah dan membentuk kontur masa depan. Sesuai perkembangan jaman ungkapan mitos tidak semua relevan digunakan pada jaman sekarang. Dikarenakan demikian maka ada beberapa ungkapan mitos tersebut akan hilang sesuai dengan perkembangan jaman, karena sudah tidak digunakan lagi.
revision of the Nearctic representatives of Hygrotus (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae)

This paper is the 1st section of a revision of the genus Hygrotus Stephens . Justification for using the name Hygrotus and an explanation of the morphological characters used in delineating species, with emphasis on the external male genitalia, is given. A key to the 6 species-groups proposed for this genus, as well as the 6 species placed in the 1st group, is provided. The synonymy, diagnosis, description, and distribution are presented for Hygrotus acaroides (LeConte), H. marginipennis (Blatchley), H. farctus (LeConte), H. sayi J. Balfour-Browne, H. hydropicus (LeConte), and H. intermedius (Fall). As considerable emphasis is placed on the morphology of the external male genitalia, each is figured and its distinctions are discussed.
Interplay of constitutively released nucleotides, nucleotide metabolism, and activity of P2Y receptors

At least six mammalian P2Y receptors exist that are specifically activated by ATP, UTP, ADP or UDP. Although the existence of ectoenzymes that rapidly metabolize extracellular nucleotides is well established, the relative flux of ATP and UTP through their extracellular metabolic products remains undefined. In addition, the existence of basal nucleotide release and the contribution of resting levels of ATP and UTP to P2 receptor activation are poorly understood. In the absence of exogenous agonists, an apyrase‐sensitive inositol phosphate accumulation was observed in resting 16HBE14o– human bronchial epithelial cells endogenously expressing P2Y receptors and in 1321N1 human astrocytoma cells expressing a recombinant P2Y2 receptor. To test whether nucleotide release may account for basal P2 receptor activities, the rates of extracellular accumulation and metabolism of endogenous ATP were examined with resting 16HBE14o–, C6 rat glioma, and 1321N1 cell cultures. Although extracellular ATP concentrations (1‐5 nM) remained unchanged for up to 12 h, [γ32P] ATP included in the medium (as a radiotracer) was completely degraded within 120 min, indicating that ATP release balanced ATP hydrolysis. The calculated basal rates of ATP release ranged from 20 to 200 fmol/min per million cells. HPLC analysis during steady state revealed that the gamma‐phosphate of ATP was reversibly transferred to species further identified as UTP and GTP, implicating ecto‐nucleoside diphosphokinase (NDPK)‐catalyzed phosphorylation of endogenous UDP and GDP. At steady state, the final 32P‐products of [γ32P]ATP metabolism were 32P‐orthophosphoric acid and a species further purified and identified as 32P‐pyrophosphate. Constitutive nucleotide release balanced by the concerted activities of ecto‐ATPase, ecto‐ATP pyrophosphatase, and ecto‐NDPK may determine the resting levels of extracellular nucleotides and therefore, the basal activity of P2 receptors. Drug Dev. Res. 53:66–71, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Analisis Efisiensi Kinerja pada Aktivitas Pengolahan Tanah Sawah secara Manual dan Mekanis

Pengolahan tanah merupakan proses terberat dari keseluruhan proses budi daya, dimana lebih dari 1/3 energi yang digunakan untuk seluruh proses budi daya terserap pada kegiatan pengolahan tanah. Pada proses pengolahan tanah sendiri, Usaha Pelayanan Jasa Alsintan (UPJA) Sugih Mandiri Kecamatan Cicalengka telah memiliki alat mesin pertanian (alsintan) yaitu delapan unit traktor roda dua beserta implemennya. Akan tetapi kegiatan pertanian secara mekanis belum dapat diterapkan secara optimal karena beberapa kendala. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui efisiensi kinerja pengolahan tanah secara manual dan mekanis. Metode yang digunakan adalah survei dengan melakukan pengukuran kinerja dan kelayakan finansial pengolahan tanah secara langsung. Pengolahan tanah dilakukan secara manual menggunakan tenaga manusia (cangkul) dan tenaga kerbau, sedangkan pengolahan tanah secara mekanis dilakukan menggunakan traktor roda dua. Hasil penelitian menunjukan efisiensi kinerja pengolahan tanah untuk sumber tenaga cangkul, kerbau, dan traktor roda dua masing-masing sebesar 45.556%, 29.977%, dan 56.21%.
THE TAXONOMIC STATUS OF HYLA PULCHELLA JOAQUINI (ANURA: HYLIDAE) WITH DESCRIPTION OF ITS TADPOLE AND VOCALIZATION

We redescribe Hyla pulchella joaquini and describe its tadpole and vocalization. The taxonomic status of this subspecies is reevaluated; and on the basis of morphology, geographic distribution, and vocalization, we propose the elevation of this subspecies to specific level with the name Hyla joaquini B. Lutz 1968. We also discuss the relationship of H. joaquini within the species groups of H. pulchella Duméril and Bibron 1841 and H. circumdata (Cope 1871).
Effects of Feeding System on Rumen Fermentation Parameters and Nutrient Digestibility in Holstein Steers

In order to compare effects of feeding systems on rumen fermentation characteristics and nutrient digestion, steers were fed either total mixed ration (TMR) or separate concentrate-roughage ration (CR). Total tract digestibility of nutrients was higher in steers receiving TMR. Especially, DM, ADF and NDF in TMR were digested to a greater extent than those in CR. Rumen pH was not influenced by the feeding systems. Holstein steers on TMR had higher ruminal NH3-N than those on CR. Feeding system did not alter VFA production but TMR feeding resulted in lower A/P ratio. TMR feeding tended to increase the number of bacteria and protozoa in the rumen fluid. Also steers fed TMR generally had higher fiber degrading enzyme activities, which might be the result of increased number of cellulolytic microbes in the rumen of animals on TMR. Our results indicate that TMR may provide more favorable condition for nutrient digestion both in the rumen and in the total tract of steers. (Asian-Aust. J. Anim. Sci. 2003. Vol 16, No. 10 : 1482-1486)
Differences in Responses to Darkness between Microcystis aeruginosa and Chlorella pyrenoidosa

ABSTRACT The effect of darkness on the cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa and the green alga Chlorella pyrenoidosa were observed. Cell growth, metabolic activity, chlorophyll a fluorescence, cell size, and maximum quantum yield (Fv: Fm) were determined. M aeruginosa and C. pyrenoidosa both maintained their initial cell abundances while in the dark, but they showed distinctly different physiological responses to darkness. During the dark period metabolic activity decreased slightly, cell size and Fv: Fm decreased significantly, and chlorophyll a increased markedly in M. aeruginosa cells. However, metabolic activity, cell size, and Fv: Fm decreased dramatically, and chlorophyll a decreased trivially in C. pyrenoidosa cells. After re-illumination, metabolic activity, cell size, and Fv: Fm of M. aeruginosa and metabolic activity, chlorophyll a, and Fv: Fm of C. pyrenoidosa recovered significantly. No recovery was found in either chlorophyll a of M. aeruginosa or cell size of C. pyrenoidosa. Compared with C. pyrenoidosa, M. aeruginosa is more capable of withstanding the dark circumstances, which are unfavorable to the growth of alga but usually exists in water and sediment of eutrophic lakes. Its greater tolerance of darkness may be one of the reasons that M. aeruginosa is commonly the dominant species in eutrophic lakes.
Stream community structure in relation to spatial and temporal variation: a habitat templet study of two contrasting New Zealand streams

SUMMARY 1 The physical characteristics of two contrasting streams, and habitat types within these streams, are described in terms of a two-dimensional physical habitat templet in which disturbance frequency and the availability of spatial refugia are the temporal and spatial axes. 2 It is predicted that habitats experiencing a high disturbance frequency and low refuge availability will be characterized by a low invertebrate species diversity, a low biomass of epilithic algae and particulate organic matter and a community made up of mobile, weedy species. Habitats having a low disturbance frequency and high refuge availability will be characterized by a diverse community containing sedentary and specialist species, with high algal and particulate organic matter levels. 3 A lower median substrate particle size and higher shear stress regime in Timber Creek were indicative of a higher disturbance frequency than in the Kyeburn. Substrate diversity was lower in Timber Creek than in the Kyeburn and indicated that the availability of refugia was lower in Timber Creek. In both streams, pools were found to have a higher disturbance frequency and lower availability of refugia than riffles. 4 Invertebrate species diversity, the biomass of epilithic algae and particulate organic matter and the representation of sedentary species, filter feeders and shredders were higher in the more temporally stable and spatially heterogeneous Kyeburn. The community of Timber Creek, frequently disturbed and having low refuge availability, had a high proportion of mobile and weedy species, with the highly mobile, generalist-feeding Deleatidium spp. (Ephemeroptera; Leptophlebiidae) being the most dominant organisms. 5 The predictions made about stream community structure and species characteristics in relation to disturbance frequency and the availability of spatial refugia are generally supported. Now a larger scale investigation is required to test the generality of the predictions. We conclude that the habitat templet approach offers a sound framework within which to pose questions in stream ecology.
Environmentally safe substances for controlling the root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne arenaria infested potato and their influence on yield and alkaloidal content in Egypt

The nematicidal action of three seed mill wastes from cress (Eruca sativa Mill.), castor (Ricinus communis L.) and linseed (Linum usitatissimum L.) as soil additives were tested at three rates (on base lower rate, recommended rate and higher rate), under field conditions at the research and production station of the National Research Centre, El-Nubaria district, El-Beheira governorate, Western Nile Delta region, Egypt, to study the physiological influence of these substances on potato yield, their role against Meloidogyne arenaria infection and the alkaloidal content. All the evaluated treatments significantly (p ⩽ 0.05 and/or 0.01) reduced the numbers of juveniles in soil and in roots, number of galls, egg masses, gall and egg mass indices and consequently rate of nematode build-up as compared to untreated plants(control). Statistical differences in the nematode stages were found within and between treatments. The percentage of reduction in the nematode stages was comparatively more with using of Linseed mill wastes followed by castor seed mill wastes, then cress seed mill wastes. Regarding to the potato yield, all the evaluated amendments achieved significantly (p ⩽ 0.05 and/or 0.01) increased, total contents of alkaloidal content as compared to untreated plants. On the other hand, all the evaluated amendments achieved significantly (p ⩽ 0.05 and/or 0.01) decreased the solanine values as compared to untreated plants. These results indicate that some natural compounds may be used as natural nematicides in controlling M. arenaria nematode and improving the quality and yield of potato plants.
Effect of alder (Alnus glutinosa L. Gaertn.) roots on distribution of proteolytic, ammonifying, and nitrifying bacteria in soil

The aim of this study was to determine the main factor affecting mineralizing and nitrifying bacteria in a riparian bank, where alder ( Alnus glutinosa L. Gaertn., diazotrophic plant), willow (Salix alba L.) and poplar (Populus × hybrida Moench 1–214) were the main species of vegetation. This was investigated by estimating the most probable number of microorganisms in soil samples from roots collected in spring, summer, autumn, and winter. The numbers of the total microbial population and the ammonifying and proteolytic microorganisms were higher in the plant rhizosphere and rhizoplane than in the shaded soil, litter, and root‐free soil under the trees. Nitrifier densities were the lowest around alder roots. Principal components analysis showed that the main factor affecting microorganism density was the rhizosphere of alder trees. Our results suggest that roots favor microorganism colonization (proteolytic and ammonifying microorganisms) and that roots, particularly alder roots, inhibit nitrifying microo.
Antiviral activity of water extracts of some medicinal and nutritive plants from the Apiaceae family

During the past two decades, several human infections with avian influenza H5N1 virus have been reported. An increase in the recorded cases of human viral infections led to more public health concern, because of their potential pandemic proportions in the human's society. Moreover, an increase in the cases of drug-resistant influenza A virus has brought the urgent need for alternative anti-influenza drugs. In the present study, water extracts from eight commonly available medicinal and nutritive plants from the Apiaceae family including; Dill, Celery, Caraway, Coriander, Cumin, Fennel, Anise, and Parsley were prepared. The cytotoxicity of each of extract was individually determined in the Madin–Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells. Thereafter, these extracts were investigated for their in vitro antiviral activities against the avian influenza H5N1 virus infection. Current results revealed that water extracts of the eight plants showed antiviral inhibitory activities with percentages ranging from 0- 71%. Among the tested plants, only anise plant (Pimpeniella anisum) had significant antiviral activity against the avian influenza H5N1 virus. Thus, the mode of action of this effective anise extract was investigated against the same virus. It was found that water extract of the anise plant induced virucidal effect, as well as direct effect on replication of the avian influenza H5N1 virus. The aim of the present study was to shed light on searching for alternative therapeutic sources for future treatment of the H5N1 influenza virus infection.
The Relationship between Internal and External Resources, Coping Strategies, Post-Traumatic Symptoms, and Death-Anxiety of Round-the-Clock Paid Philippine Immigrants and Local Workers Taking Care for the Elderly during and after the Gaza War

Objectives: The study examined the relationship between internal resources (sense of mastery and self-esteem), social support, coping strategies (problem-focused, emotion-focused and avoidance) and the post-traumatic symptoms and death anxiety of Philippine work immigrants and local workers taking care for the elderly after Gaza War. Methods: A self-reported questioner of a snow-ball sample of 147 immigrants’ workers and 126 Israeli local workers was collected from work agencies in Southern Israel. The study participants agreed to undergo assessments of their post-traumatic symptoms (PTS) and death anxiety levels immediately during and after the Gaza war and, their levels of internal resources and social support.
Molecular Relationships Within Australasian Waterfowl (Anseriformes)

Within Australia there are 19 endemic species of Anseriformes. Six of these belong to monotypic genera, some of which remain controversial with respect to phylogenetic relationships. Sequence variation in a 307-base pair fragment of the cytochrome-b gene was compared from 23 species of waterfowl (the Cairina sequence was obtained from the literature) to elucidate further the relationships of these monotypic Australian genera. Anseranas and Dendrocygna were identified as the earliest diverged genera among the taxa examined. The remaining genera fell into two groups: (1) Tadorna, Alopochen, Chenonetta, Anas, Aythya, Cairina and Air and (2) Cygnus, Branta, Cereopsis, Biziura, Oxyura, Malacorhynchus, Stictonetta and Nettapus. The controversial nature of the last group is discussed.
Effects of farmyard manure and green manures on crop yields and nitrogen needs of potato-based cropping systems in Punjab

Summary The results of a long-term field experiment conducted from 1977 to 1984 on alluvial (Ustochrept) soil of Jalandhar showed positive responses of the crops to N. The responses of potatoes to N were reduced by farmyard manure (FYM), green manure of dhaincha and moong and the responses to the organic manures were also reduced by N. The N responsesof potatoes were, however, not affected by the N applied to preceding maize. FYM was better than the green manures in augmenting total tuber yield, large-grade tuber yield and K concentration in the plants. The N applied to the potatoes showed significant residual effect on succeeding wheat crops, reducing its optimum dose of N by about 50%. The residual effect of N on wheat was highly correlated with nitrate status of the soil. The organic manures applied to potatoes improved the yield of the succeeding wheat but did not differ from each other. The fodder crop of pearl millet raised after 7 years also indicated the superiority of FYM to the green manures. There was a build-up of organic carbon, N, P and K in soil and the build-up was maximal with the use of FYM. The application of N had no effect on the organic carbon and nitrogen status of the soil. N improved the availability of P but decreased that of K.
Ethical Leadership of Supervisors and Internal Social Capital in a Financial Institution

Purpose: The aim of this paper is to test empirically if the supervisor’s ethical leadership contributes to the creation of internal social capital. Design/Methodology/Approach: A survey was administered with 158 rank and file employees from 31 Manila branches of a financial institution. Based on factor analysis, reputation of ethical leadership characterized as a moral person and a moral manager emerged as new constructs. Partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) was used. Findings: Findings show that supervisor characterized as being a moral person results to higher willingness of employees to share information and resources in their personal dyadic relationships with supervisor and among employees (structural dimension); increase in employee trust in the long-run fairness of their relationship with the organization and co-employees (relational dimension); and intensification of employees’ identification with the firm (cognitive dimension). An ethical supervisor characterized as a moral manager significantly influences the cognitive and structural dimensions of internal social capital. Practical Implications: The results can give practitioners an idea of the ethical leadership traits observed by rank and file employees. This can have implications for human resource management, particularly superior-subordinate matching and for the process of socialization. In a company and economy that is constantly seeking change-makers and role models, empirical contributions are significant. This study is relevant in proposing strategies that can help management in the creation of social capital as well as contribute to social capital literature and field of business ethics. Originality/Value: The paper contributes to the existing literature by using financial institutions’ employees and in Philippine setting. Previous studies had tested ethical leadership as a whole but this time, the researchers deductively used characteristics of an ethical leader as a moral person and a moral leader.