Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Prolonged Usage of Herbicides Reduces Heterotrophic Aerobic Bacteria and Fungi Population and Alters Soil Physicochemical Parameters

The study aimed to examine the effect of commonly used herbicides on soil microbiota (bacteria and fungi) as well as its physiochemical properties. Topsoil (0 to 5cm depth) samples were collected from different plots at Ayepe, Iwaro Oka Akoko, Ondo State, Nigeria with known prior herbicide treatments. The plots had different history of glyphosate, paraquat and both combination application. The soil samples were serially diluted and cultured on nutrient agar and potato dextrose agar for bacteria and fungi, respectively. The physicochemical properties of the soil samples showed that all the soil samples had pH values which ranged from 7.4 to 9.4. The moisture contents ranged from 2.6 to 15 with soil sample without prior usage of herbicide having the highest moisture content. The average total bacterial counts ranged from 4.0 x 10 8 to 2.5 x 10 9 cfu/g while the average total fungal counts ranged from 3.0 x 10 3 to 3.1 10 4 cfu/g with the untreated soil containing the highest loads. Soil samples with prolonged use of herbicides generally contained lower soil moisture contents, organic matter contents, as well as lower microbial loads. It could be concluded from the study that the pattern of change in the bacteria and fungi population vary as a result of differences in the composition of herbicides and year of usage. Original Research Article Oluyemi; JAMB, 21(4): 63-75, 2021; Article no.JAMB. 67297 64
Acceptability of Different Psychological Verbal Constructions by Heritage Spanish Speakers from California

This study set out to investigate whether US Heritage Spanish features a more streamlined verbal paradigm in psych verb constructions compared to standard varieties of Spanish, where HS speakers find an invariable third-person singular form acceptable with both singular and plural grammatical subjects. In standard Spanish, the semantic subjects of psych verbs are typically pre-verbal experiencers cast as oblique arguments in inverse predicates such as in me encantan los buhos ‘I love owls’. The translation of this sentence shows that equivalent English predicates are typically direct constructions. The data were gathered using an acceptability judgement questionnaire that was distributed to participants that fit into one of three groups: early bilingual heritage speakers of Spanish from California, advanced Spanish as L2 speakers, and non-bilingual native speakers of Spanish who had learnt English as an L2 as adults. The Heritage Spanish speakers in this group often patterned differently from both other groups, who surprisingly patterned together. We argue that this is due to L2 speakers’ mode of acquisition (formal and subject to prescriptive grammar), in comparison with Heritage Spanish speakers’ naturalistic acquisition. Specifically, we find evidence for a streamlining of the Spanish verbal paradigm not immediately attributed to English interference, and that in psych verb constructions, Heritage Spanish speakers more readily accept a third-person singular invariable verbal form. This differentiation of the verbal paradigm from standard Spanish use should be considered a bona fide linguistic change, but not proof of either incomplete acquisition or language attrition. Since Heritage Spanish speakers are, after all, native speakers of Spanish, this study shows that Heritage Spanish should be considered and studied as any other dialect of Spanish, with its distinctive grammatical features, and subject to variability and change.
Uptake of Nutrients by Mustard (Brassica juncea L.) as Influenced by Zinc and Iron Application

The results of a field experiment conducted at the University farm revealed that P, K, Fe and Zn content of Indian mustard seed was not influenced by Zn and Fe application. Nitrogen content of seed however increased due to Zn and Fc application over no applicaton of Zn and Fe. Total nitrogen, phosphorus and iron uptake significantly increased due to Fe and Zn application. Potassium uptake was significantly higher at 15 kg ZnSO4 application over control and 30 kg level. Potassium uptake also significantly increased due to Fe application. Zinc uptake tended to increase with Zn application. Application of 10 kg ferrous sulphate significantly increased Zn uptake over control and 20 kg ferrous sulphate level.
Mining halal food search pathways down the Wikipedia’s rabbit hole

ABSTRACT Wikipedia has grown to be the biggest online encyclopedia in terms of comprehensiveness, reach, and coverage. However, although different websites and social network platforms such as Twitter, Facebook, and Reddit have received considerable academic attention, Wikipedia has largely gone unnoticed. This is surprising given the fact that Wikipedia is the fifth most-widely visited website. In this study, we fill this research gap by investigating halal food navigation strategies over an entire month. We use the recently released clickstream data which contains more than 25 million pairs of URLs in English language, accounting for a total of around 6-billion-page requests to the Wikipedia servers. Compared to outgoing traffic analysis, search patterns of the incoming traffic to the halal food entry reveal that readers are more prone to fall into the Wikipedia rabbit hole. Using techniques borrowed from social network analysis (SNA), our results also show that the information network of the Wikipedia halal food topics follows a small world preferential attachment pattern. This finding lends strong support to the “Matthew Effect”, which is a variation of the “rich get richer” model. Our findings hold important implications for different stakeholders as they underscore the relational nature of halal food networks and the importance of online encyclopedias as critical information tools.
Characterization of an Endemic Plant Origanum grosii from Morocco: Trace Element Concentration and Antihyperglycemic Activities

Origanum genus is one of the most widely used herbs in folk medicine for its biological properties. The present investigation aims to characterize, for the first time, endemic Origanum grosii collected from the Taounate region, Morocco. This characterization was realized by determining the concentration of metals in different parts of the plant (flowers, leaves, and stems) by ICP-MS, and the results were studied statistically by Principal Component Analysis (PCA). Phytochemical screening with the dosage of polyphenols and flavonoids has been conducted. To know more about this species, antihyperglycemic tests have been performed to highlight the presence or absence of the antidiabetic effect for this plant. An Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT) has been performed on normal mice which were divided into two groups of six mice each. Group 1 (control group) was treated with distilled water, and group 2 was treated with an aqueous extract of O. grosii by gavage at 150 mg/kg. Digestive enzyme α-amylase inhibition assay has also been evaluated to study the inhibition effect of the studied extract using acarbose as a control. The results showed that the leaves exhibited a high concentration of trace elements (Ca, Mg, and K) and total absence of heavy metals, which were found in small quantities (Cr, Ni, and B) on the stems, and this makes the plant safe to use. On the other hand, tannins, flavonoids, triterpenes, and steroids were the major families strongly present in this species. The antidiabetic results showed that O. grosii have significantly reduced postprandial hyperglycemia after glucose loading in normal rats. It showed also that this species has a significant antihyperglycemic activity reflected by the inhibition of α-amylase. The one responsible for this property could be the synergy between the trace elements and the nature of the chemical families of O. grosii species, which can make this plant useful in the management of postprandial hyperglycemia.
Facts into faults: The grammar of guilt in jury deliberations

Jurors customarily do their work with very little by way of instruction from the court, other than about the law. This suggests that they enter the jury room with the relevant cognitive and interactional tools at the ready, drawn from everyday life. This paper focuses on a specific conversational device jurors use to do their work: conditional-contrastive inculpations (CCIs), whereby the defendant’s actions are compared unfavorably to what a normal, innocent person would have done, with the implication that the discrepancy indicates guilt. We examine the logic, variants, sequential precursors, and immediate consequences of this phenomenon in two real-life American criminal juries deliberating the same charges. This study offers a rare glimpse into the operation of real (rather than mock) juries, and specifically the way in which they appropriate a practice from ordinary conversation in order to perform the unordinary work demanded of them by the legal system.
Enabling transformative economic change in the post‐2020 biodiversity agenda

The COVID‐19 pandemic, its impact on the global economy, and current delays in the negotiation of the post‐2020 global biodiversity agenda of the Convention on Biological Diversity heighten the urgency to build back better for biodiversity, sustainability, and well‐being. In 2019, the Intergovernmental Science‐Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES) concluded that addressing biodiversity loss requires a transformative change of the global economic system. Drawing on the IPBES findings, this policy perspective discusses actions in four priority areas to inform the post‐2020 agenda: (1) Increasing funding for conservation; (2) redirecting incentives for sustainability; (3) creating an enabling regulatory environment; and (4) reforming metrics to assess biodiversity impacts and progress toward sustainable and just goals. As the COVID‐19 pandemic has made clear, and the negotiations for the post‐2020 agenda have emphasized, governments are indispensable in guiding economic systems and must take an active role in transformations, along with businesses and civil society. These key actors must work together to implement actions that combine short‐term impacts with structural change to shift economic systems away from a fixation with growth toward human and ecological well‐being. The four priority areas discussed here provide opportunities for the post‐2020 agenda to do so.
Speed-Aware and Customized Task Offloading and Resource Allocation in Mobile Edge Computing

Recently, the task offloading and resource allocation (TORA) issues in mobile edge computing system have attracted much attention. However, the impact of different movement speeds on TORA problem and customized services for different service requirements have been largely ignored. These may severely influence the user’s quality of service (QoS). Accordingly, a speed-aware and customized TORA scheme is proposed to minimize total service latency (consisted of execution delay and migration cost) for mobile users. First, the Advantage Actor Critic (A2C) algorithm is applied to dynamically decide on which computation node to execute the tasks. Second, we assign the user’s priorities based on movement speeds and tolerable delay to allocate the wireless and computation resources respectively. Finally, the migration cost is introduced into objective model for further weakening the impact of service migration on user’s QoS. Simulation results demonstrate the superiority and effectiveness of the proposed algorithm compared with the baselines.
"A little shiny gender breakthrough": Community understandings of gender euphoria.

Background Gender euphoria is an important experience and concept for many, especially transgender and/or nonbinary individuals, but has not received much attention from psychological and clinical research. In contrast to gender dysphoria, which originates in psychiatry, the term "gender euphoria" has been mobilized by some LGBTQ people to describe the powerfully positive emotions that can come from one's gender/sex. As such, researchers and clinicians may benefit from conceptual clarity as to what gender euphoria is and what kinds of experiences might result in gender euphoria. Aim We aimed to better understand how trans community members and others conceptualize the term "gender euphoria," including its relationship to gender dysphoria, as well as the contexts and behaviors that elicit gender euphoria. Method We administered an online qualitative survey to participants (N = 47) of diverse sexualities and gender/sexes (including transgender, cisgender, and/or nonbinary participants) who had heard of or used the term "gender euphoria. " Participants answered open-ended questions about where they had heard the term being used, how they would define gender euphoria and gender dysphoria, the relation between these terms, and their gender euphoric experiences. Results Analyses resulted in five themes: (1) gender euphoria describes a joyful feeling of rightness in one's gender/sex, (2) gender euphoric experiences can be external, internal, and/or social, (3) "gender euphoria" originated in and circulates in online and in-person gender/sex minority communities, (4) dysphoria describes a negative feeling of conflict between gender/sexed aspects of one's self, and (5) the relationship between euphoria and dysphoria is complex. Discussion These results can inform qualitative and quantitative research, gender affirmative clinical practice, political fights for transgender rights, and understandings of gendered experiences for people of all identities.
The attitude of Japanese newspapers in narrating disaster events: Appraisal in critical discourse study

During the event of disasters, news media are considered as the most visible of all parties involved in the response and rehabilitation. News media frame disaster events in certain attitudes, which then significantly resonates with the magnitude of the disaster. This research aims at investigating the attitude of the Japanese newspaper in narrating disaster events. Using the descriptive qualitative method, this study adopts the appraisal theory (Martin White, 2005) to embed and reveal appraisal in attitude features. The data were taken from three Japanese online newspapers reporting disaster events from 2019 to early 2020 with a total number of 100 articles. The findings show that of all attitudinal features, judgement is found as the most frequent source, followed by appreciation, and affect. It reveals newspapers’ tendency to emphasize the attitude and to construe the evaluation toward the events or phenomena rather than revealing the feelings or emotions experienced by the emoter(s). Interestingly, the distribution of the attitudinal implies the attitude of Japanese newspapers on reporting disaster which is highly emphasized on admiring, criticizing, praise, and condemning disaster events. It is also found that the negative features are slightly higher than the positive ones, but to refer to the phenomena rather than the victims. This lexical strategy proves that Japanese newspapers play the role in mainstreaming disaster management policy which focuses on the reconstruction and rehabilitation after disaster events.
Riverine Carbon Cycling Over the Past Century in the Mid‐Atlantic Region of the United States

The lateral transport and degassing of carbon in riverine ecosystems is difficult to quantify on large spatial and long temporal scales due to the relatively poor representation of carbon processes in many models. Here, we coupled a scale‐adaptive hydrological model with the Dynamic Land Ecosystem Model to simulate key riverine carbon processes across the Chesapeake and Delaware Bay Watersheds from 1900 to 2015. Our results suggest that throughout this time period riverine CO2 degassing and lateral dissolved inorganic carbon fluxes to the coastal ocean contribute nearly equally to the total riverine carbon outputs (mean ± standard deviation: 886 ± 177 Gg C·yr−1 and 883 ± 268 Gg C·yr−1, respectively). Following in order of decreasing importance are the lateral dissolved organic carbon flux to the coastal ocean (293 ± 81 Gg C·yr−1), carbon burial (118 ± 32 Gg C·yr−1), and lateral particulate organic carbon flux (105 ± 35 Gg C·yr−1). In the early 2000s, carbon export to the coastal ocean from both the Chesapeake and Delaware Bay watersheds was only 15%–20% higher than it was in the early 1900s (decade), but it showed a twofold increase in standard deviation. Climate variability (changes in temperature and precipitation) explains most (225 Gg C·yr−1) of the increase since 1900, followed by changes in atmospheric CO2 (82 Gg C·yr−1), atmospheric nitrogen deposition (44 Gg C·yr−1), and applications of nitrogen fertilizer and manure (27 Gg C·yr−1); in contrast, land conversion has resulted in a 188 Gg C·yr−1 decrease in carbon export.
The Influence of Motivation and Self-Efficacy Towards The Students’ Entrepreneurship Interest in Muhammadiyah University of Palangkaraya

The students' interest in becoming entrepreneurs is influenced by several factors, such as motivation and self-efficacy. This study aimed to determine the effect of motivation and self-efficacy on students' interest in entrepreneurship at the Muhammadiyah University of Palangkaraya. This research is included in causal associative research. There are three variables in this research, they are entrepreneurial motivation, self-efficacy, and interest in entrepreneurship. The data were taken using a questionnaire. The population of this study was 1635 students, while the sample was 327 students. The researchers used a random sampling technique to choose the sample. This study used multiple regression methods. The results of this study indicated that there was an influence between motivation and self-efficacy on entrepreneurial intentions simultaneously or partially. This study indicated that the motivation variable significantly contributed to entrepreneurial interest than the self-efficacy variable.
High Efficacy of a Low Dose Candidate Malaria Vaccine, R21 in 1 Adjuvant Matrix-M™, with Seasonal Administration to Children in Burkina Faso

Background: Stalled progress in controlling Plasmodium falciparum malaria highlights the need for an effective and deployable vaccine. RTS,S/AS01, the most effective malaria vaccine candidate to date, demonstrated 55·8% (97·5% confidence interval [CI], 51-60) efficacy over 12 months in African children. Methods: We conducted a double-blind, randomised, controlled trial of a low-dose circumsporozoite protein-based vaccine, R21, with two different doses of adjuvant, Matrix-M™ (MM), in children aged 5-17 months in Nanoro, Burkina Faso, a highly seasonal malaria transmission setting. Three vaccinations were administered at 4-week intervals prior to the malaria season with a fourth dose one year later. Vaccine safety, immunogenicity and efficacy were evaluated over one year. Findings: 450 children were randomised to receive the R21/MM vaccine or a control rabies vaccine. R21/MM had a 43 favourable safety profile and was well-tolerated. At 6 months, 43/146 (29·5%) who received R21/MM with low44 dose adjuvant, 38/146 (26%) who received R21/MM with high-dose adjuvant, and 105/147 (71·4%) who received the rabies vaccine developed clinical malaria. Vaccine efficacy (VE) was 74% (95% CI, 63-82) and 77% (95% CI, 67-84) in the low- and high-dose adjuvant groups, respectively. At 1 year, VE remained high at 77% (95% CI, 67-84) in the high-dose adjuvant group. Participants vaccinated with R21/MM showed high titres of malaria-specific anti-NANP antibodies 28 days after the third vaccination, which were almost doubled with the higher adjuvant dose. Titres waned but were boosted to levels similar to peak titres following the primary series of vaccinations after a fourth dose administered one year later. Interpretation: R21/Matrix-M appears safe and very immunogenic in African children, and demonstrates promising high-level efficacy. Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov number: NCT03896724. Funding: The European & Developing Countries Clinical Trials Partnership (EDCTP), The Wellcome Trust and the NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre. Declaration of Interest: AVSH and KJE are named as co-inventors on patent applications related to R21. GG, LF, JR and PP-A are employees of Novavax, developers of the Matrix-M adjuvant, and US is an employee of the Serum Institute of India Private Ltd, co-developer of the R21/MM vaccine. Other authors declare no competing interests. Ethical Approval: The trial was approved by the Comite d’Ethique pour la Recherche en Sante, Burkina Faso (CERS, reference number 2019-01-012), and by the national regulatory authority, Agence National de Regulation Pharmaceutique, Burkina Faso (ANRP, reference number 5005420193EC0000). Ethical approval was also granted in the United Kingdom by the Oxford Tropical Research Ethics Committee (OxTREC reference number 19-19).
Bayesian Approach to Developing Context-Based Crash Modification Factors for Medians on Rural Four-Lane Roadways

Rural four-lane roadways provide important transportation accessibility and mobility to populations in rural areas. It is a challenge for practitioners to determine cross-section types when both benefits and costs need to be considered. Crash Modification Factors (CMFs) are developed to evaluate the safety effectiveness of alternative designs. However, safety effectiveness could vary significantly across contexts. Thus, this study aims to estimate CMFs for alternative cross sections of rural four-lane roadways under different contexts characterized by traffic volume, truck percentage, and access point density. Using Georgia state-wide crash data, this study developed Safety Performance Functions (SPFs) to predict crash frequencies for different contexts. Considering linearity and independence assumptions of traditional negative binomial SPFs, this study adopts Bayesian generalized negative binomial modeling approaches to relax those assumptions and only follows the Bayes rule to form SPFs for CMF estimation. This study focuses on four typical cross-sections including: (1) non-traversable medians; (2) two-way-left-turn lanes; (3) 4-ft flush medians; and (4) undivided roadways with double-yellow lines (the base cross-section design). The results show that CMFs vary significantly across different contexts. Compared with the base cross-section design, safety benefits of the other three designs can be either positive or negative under different traffic or road conditions. For example, 4-ft flush medians are found to have positive safety benefits (CMF < 1) under lower average daily traffic volumes (e.g., ≤ 6,000) and negative benefits (CMF > 1) under greater average daily traffic volumes (e.g., ≥ 15,000). The findings suggest that, to enhance roadway safety, practitioners should vary cross-section designs for different rural contexts.
L-Arginine optimization medium for hairy root induction of madder (Rubia tinctorum L.) based on one factor model of response surface methodology.

Medium optimization for hairy root cultures producing secondary metabolites was studied through statistical experimental design. In the following, one factor model of response surface methodology (RSM) was employed to formulate the L-Arginine amino acid levels alongside three categorical factors including bacterial strains (ATCC 15834, C58C1 and R1000), type of explant (Leaf and Stem) in co-cultivation media (B5 and MS) for hairy root induction of Madder ( Rubia tinctorum L.). Design of experiment and data analysis was carried out by using Expert-Design ® 7.1 software. According to the results, modeling and optimization conditions, including L-Arginine concentration 1.00 mM; bacterial strain; C58C1, leaf explant and B5 medium for HR induction frequency equal to 58% was evaluated (Desirability point=0.986). These optimal conditions predicted by RSM were confirmed to enhance hairy root induction as an application potential for biotechnological implementation to produce the anticipated compounds.