Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Fully symmetric vertical hall devices in CMOS technology

We present a novel CMOS-integrated, vertical Hall sensor (VHS) with optimized symmetry for the measurement of in-plane magnetic field components. Due to the junction field effect, conventional five-contact VHS (5CVHS) suffer from considerable offsets caused by their inherent electrical asymmetry under contact permutations. The novel device achieves a higher degree of symmetry by the appropriate connection of four identical three-contact elements. As a result, with a bias voltage of 3.5 V and after current switching a mean residual offset of 2.5 μV with a standard deviation of 33.8 μV is achieved among 45 samples on an 8-inch wafer. This represents an improvement by a factor of more than 4 over 5CVHS fabricated on the same wafer. In addition, the power consumption is reduced by 47%.
Simulation of Light Oil Production from Heterogeneous Reservoirs - Well Completion with Inflow Control Devices

Water breakthrough is a big challenge in light oil production, and different types of inflow control devices are developed to delay or reduce breakthrough. Light oil production from a heterogeneous reservoir is simulated to study the effect of three types of inflow control devices, one passive control and two autonomous controls. NETool is used as the near-well simulation tool. The functionality of passive inflow control device (ICD) and the autonomous rate control production device (RCP) is included in NETool, whereas the autonomous inflow control valve (AICV) is simulated based on expected behaviour. The total production rates and the water cut versus drawdown and the performance curves for ICD, RCP and AICV are studied. The results confirm that RCP and AICV reduce the water production and water cut significantly. The water cut is about 27% for RCP and 44% for ICD at 15 bar. AICV is designed to close 99% for water, and produces negligible amounts of water. The RCP completed well produces about 310 m oil and 110 m water per day at drawdown 15 bar. ICD produces about 230 m water per day, whereas AICV produces insignificant amount of water. The results confirm that the water production decreases with RCP and AICV compared to ICD. Delayed and reduced water production will result in increased oil recovery.
Epimining: Using Web News for Influenza Surveillance

Epidemiological surveillance is an important issue of public health policy. In this paper, we describe a method based on knowledge extraction from news and news classiﬁcation to understand the epidemic evolution. Descriptive studies are useful for gathering information on the incidence and characteristics of an epidemic. New approaches, based on new modes of mass publication through the web, are developed: based on the analysis of user queries or on the echo that an epidemic may have in the media. In this study, we focus on a particular media: web news. We propose the Epimining approach, which allows the extraction of information from web news (based on pattern research) and a ﬁne classiﬁcation of these news into various classes (new cases, deaths, and so forth). The experiments conducted on a real corpora (AFP news) showed a precision greater than 94% and an F-measure above 85%.
Geolocation using transmit and receive diversity

Geolocation using received signal strength (RSS) has large errors due to multipath fading, since fading results in high variations in RSS. We show how and when spatial diversity combined with channel knowledge at the receiver can be used to combat fading effects to increase accuracy in location estimation. We then propose a simple scheme for distance estimation, characterize the channels for which improvement in distance estimates can be thus obtained and prove that the mean square error of the distance estimate converges to zero with increasing diversity order. It is observed that the improvement can always be obtained for the Rayleigh channel, and for the Nakagami-m channel if the parameter m remains the same regardless of the distance.
Circadian rhythms in the human pupil and eyelid.

The human eye was studied to investigate its use as a noninvasive marker of circadian phase state. Subjects were measured every 30 min over 24 h to observe bilateral changes in pupil size and palpebral fissure. Twelve males and twelve females (ages 18-29 yr, mean = 21.6 yr) were studied around the clock while they remained within a light-controlled facility (< 100 lux). The acrophases (maximums) for pupil diameters and palpebral fissure distances were estimated using a cosine curve-fitting technique applied to each 24-h data set. Pupil diameter acrophases occurred randomly throughout the day. The data demonstrated a significant circadian rhythm for both resting and maximum palpebral fissure values. However, palpebral fissure acrophases were widely distributed, with the largest portion of the peaks occurring between 10:00 A.M. and 10:00 P.M. These data did not support the hypotheses that sympathetic innervation to the pineal is paralleled in the eye, and results do not demonstrate any applicability of human eye measurements as circadian markers.
Characterization of the 5'‐regulatory regions of the rat and human apelin genes and regulation of breast apelin by USF

Apelin, a peptide widely expressed in the body, is the endogenous ligand for the APJ receptor. To investigate how the apelin gene is regulated transcriptionally, we cloned and characterized β3000 and β4000 bp 5'‐upstream fragments of the rat and human apelin genes. Putative CAAT‐like box, but not TATA‐box sites were identified. The rat (−207/−1 bp) and human (−100/+74 bp) core promoter sequences contain putative binding sites for upstream stimulatory factor (USF)‐1/‐2. Mutagenesis and overexpression assays showed that USF up‐regulates basal and inducible apelin transcription. EMSA and supershift experiments indicated binding of USF‐1/‐2 to the rat (−114/−109 bp) and human (−84/−79 bp) apelin promoters. ChIP experiments show that USF is recruited to the putative USF binding site in the human apelin promoter in cultured breast cells. In concert with increased breast apelin expression during pregnancy and lactation in rats, EMSAs demonstrate an elevated binding of pregnant and lactating rat breast nuclear proteins to a consensus USF oligonucleotide. In vivo ChIP assays verified increased USF binding to the apelin promoter in breast of lactating rats. Together, our findings show that USF exerts a stimulatory role in regulation of breast apelin expression during pregnancy and lactation. —Wang, G. , Qi, X. , Wei, W. , Englander, E. W. , and Greeley, G. H. , Jr. Characterization of the 5'‐regulatory regions of the rat and human apelin genes and regulation of breast apelin by USF. FASEB J. 20, E2220–E2230 (2006)
Discovery and Construction of Authors' Profile from Linked Data (A case study for Open Digital Journal)

ABSTRACT The Open access digital journals, motivated from open access movement, now play a vital role in the dissemination of scientific literature and author’s information over the web. In digital journals’ environment, a well-linked collection of electronic resources is of great importance especially in creating opportunities for collaborations between organization, institutions, and persons. Finding information about authors (authors’ profiles) in a digital journal’s environment is crucial to increase the overall productivity and unprecedented success. Inspired from Linked Open Data (LOD) initiative, we have developed a tool which can establish links between authors of digital journals with relevant semantic resources available in LOD. The proposed system is able to disambiguate authors and can: 1) locate, 2) retrieve, and 3) structure the relevant semantic resources. Furthermore, the system constructs comprehensive aspect oriented authors’ profiles from heterogeneous datasets of LOD on the fly. This paper investigates the potentials of such an approach on a digital journal known as Journal of Universal Computer Science (J.UCS). It is our strong belief that this kind of applications can motivate researchers and developers to investigate different application areas where Linked Open Data can contribute, bring added value, and can take the idea of open access further.
Enhancing management effectiveness of marine protected areas and coral reef species conservation through assessment of mycosporine-like amino acid (MAA) content in populations and genera

One of the most critical challenges to the long-term effectiveness of marine protected area (MPA) management is global climate change. Coral reefs have been shown to be extremely sensitive to both ultraviolet (UV) radiation and thermal stresses. Massive coral bleaching events have resulted from both factors, yet little is know about how to best protect coral resources from these damaging and ubiquitous stresses. This study examines the relationship between coral bleaching and protective compounds in coral (mycosporine-like amino acids) and the water column (chromophoric dissolved organic matter). We have also identified the zooxanthellae symbionts present in the coral species surveyed, in order to better understand contributing endogenous bleaching tolerance. MPA placement and management may be directed by the natural resilience generated by variation in concentrations of these protective compounds.
INTRUSION DETECTION IN MULTITIER WEB APPLICATIONS

Intrusion Detection Systems endeavor at detecting attacks against computer systems and networks that offer techniques for modeling and distinguish normal and abusive system behavior. Web Applications are widely used for critical services and sophistication of attacks against these applications has grown as well. In this paper, we designed IDS in multitier architecture that models the network behavior of user sessions across both the front-end web server and the back-end database. The system identifies the attacks like SQL injection attack by monitoring both the web and database request which an independent system cannot do. It also handles the relations between the actions caused by the user for every simple user sessions and is also designed to detect potential violations in database security. Our detection approach belongs to anomaly detection, and we depend on a training phase to build the correct model. The system is implemented using Apache web server with MySQL and lightweight virtualization. For each client a “WebServer Virtual Machine” is created and is associated with an independent holder ID and hence it enhances the security. The concept of holder and the user behavior pattern provides a means of tracking the information flow from the web server to the database server for each session.
Queues with Many Servers and Impatient Customers

The asymptotic many-server queue with abandonments, G/GI/N + GI, is considered in the quality-and efficiency-driven (QED) regime. Here the number of servers and the offered load are related via the square-root rule, as the number of servers increases indefinitely. QED performance entails short waiting times and scarce abandonments (high quality) jointly with high servers' utilization (high efficiency), which is feasible when many servers cater to a single queue. For the G/GI/N + GI queue, we derive diffusion approximations for both its queue-length and virtual-waiting-time processes. Special cases, for which closed-form analysis is provided, are the G/M/N + GI and G/D/N + GI queues, thus expanding and generalizing existing results.
Dependency of context-based Word Sense Disambiguation from representation and domain complexity

Word Sense Disambiguation (WSD) is a central task in the area of Natural Language Processing. In the past few years several context-based probabilistic and machine learning methods for WSD have been presented in literature. However, an important area of research that has not been given the attention it deserves is a formal analysis of the parameters affecting the performance of the learning task faced by these systems. Usually performance is estimated by measuring precision and recall of a specific algorithm for specific test sets and environmental conditions. Therefore, a comparison among different learning systems and an objective estimation of the difficulty of the learning task is extremely difficult.In this paper we propose, in the framework of Computational Learning theory, a formal analysis of the relations between accuracy of a context-based WSD system, the complexity of the context representation scheme, and the environmental conditions (e.g. the complexity of language domain and concept inventory).
An improved study of real‐time fluid simulation on GPU

Taking advantage of the parallelism and programmability of GPU, we solve the fluid dynamics problem completely on GPU. Different from previous methods, the whole computation is accelerated in our method by packing the scalar and vector variables into four channels of texels. In order to be adaptive to the arbitrary boundary conditions, we group the grid nodes into different types according to their positions relative to obstacles and search the node that determines the value of the current node. Then we compute the texture coordinates offsets according to the type of the boundary condition of each node to determine the corresponding variables and achieve the interaction of flows with obstacles set freely by users. The test results prove the efficiency of our method and exhibit the potential of GPU for general‐purpose computations. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
CO2‐Induced Ocean Warming of the Antarctic Continental Shelf in an Eddying Global Climate Model

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) CPO project [NA13OAR4310128]; National Science Foundation [OPP-1513411]; University of Arizona faculty startup funding; University of Arizona Department of Geosciences; National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) [NNX14AL40G]; Princeton Environmental Institute (PEI) Grand Challenge initiative; Southern Ocean Carbon and Climate Observations and Modeling (SOCCOM) project under the National Science Foundation [PLR-1425989]
Response to transarterial chemoembolization as a biological selection criterion for liver transplantation in hepatocellular carcinoma

Criteria to select patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) for liver transplantation (LT) are based on tumor size and number of nodules rather than on tumor biology. The present study was undertaken to assess the role of transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) in selecting patients with tumors suitable for LT. Ninety‐six consecutive patients with HCC were treated by repeatedly performed TACE, 62 of them exceeding the Milan criteria. Patients meeting the Milan criteria were immediately listed, and patients beyond the listing criteria were listed upon downstaging of the tumor following successful TACE. Fifty patients were finally transplanted. Of these 50 patients, 34 exceeded the Milan criteria. In these 96 patients, overall 5‐year survival was 51.9%. However, it was 80.9% for patients undergoing LT and 0% for patients without transplantation (P < 0.0001). Tumor recurrence was primarily influenced by the control of the disease through continued TACE during the waiting time. Freedom from recurrence after 5 years was 94.5% in patients (n = 39) with progress‐free TACE during the waiting time. Tumor recurrence was significantly higher in patients (n = 11) who after initial response to TACE progressed again before LT (freedom from recurrence 35.4%; P = 0.0017). Progress‐free course of TACE during the waiting time (P = 0.006; risk ratio, 8.95), and a limited number of tumor nodules as assessed in the surgical specimen (P = 0.025; risk ratio, 0.116) proved to be significant predictors for freedom from recurrence in the multivariate analysis. Milan criteria were without impact on recurrence. Our data suggest that sustained response to TACE is a better selection criterion for LT than the initial assessment of tumor size or number. Liver Transpl 12:1260‐1267, 2006. © 2006 AASLD
Constructing and sampling graphs with a prescribed joint degree distribution

One of the most influential recent results in network analysis is that many natural networks exhibit a power-law or log-normal degree distribution. This has inspired numerous generative models that match this property. However, more recent work has shown that while these generative models do have the right degree distribution, they are not good models for real-life networks due to their differences on other important metrics like conductance. We believe this is, in part, because many of these real-world networks have very different joint degree distributions, that is, the probability that a randomly selected edge will be between nodes of degree k and l. Assortativity is a sufficient statistic of the joint degree distribution, and it has been previously noted that social networks tend to be assortative, while biological and technological networks tend to be disassortative. We suggest understanding the relationship between network structure and the joint degree distribution of graphs is an interesting avenue of further research. An important tool for such studies are algorithms that can generate random instances of graphs with the same joint degree distribution. This is the main topic of this article, and we study the problem from both a theoretical and practical perspective. We provide an algorithm for constructing simple graphs from a given joint degree distribution, and a Monte Carlo Markov chain method for sampling them. We also show that the state space of simple graphs with a fixed degree distribution is connected via endpoint switches. We empirically evaluate the mixing time of this Markov chain by using experiments based on the autocorrelation of each edge. These experiments show that our Markov chain mixes quickly on these real graphs, allowing for utilization of our techniques in practice.
Retrospective: Exploiting ILP, TLP, and DLP with the Polymorphous TRIPS Architecture

When this paper was published in 2003, CPUs were the dominant computing platform but faced challenges to singlethreaded performance scaling due to limitations on clock rate [1] and power [5]. Application-specific processors targeting desktop, server, network, scientific, graphics, and digital signal processing workloads were coming to the marketplace as alternatives to fully general purpose CPUs. One differentiator among these types of processors is the granularity of parallelism supported in the architecture. This ranges from many fine grained processing elements as proposed by a range of reconfigurable ALU array architectures, to a few very powerful and large out-of-order processing cores. At that time, short vector extensions were just finding their way into generalpurpose CPUs and GPUs supported only programmable graphics with low-level programming languages such as Cg. The challenge for these specialized architectures was one of design fragility, in which an architecture tailored for one type of workload would perform poorly when processing a different type of workload. The polymorphous computing paradigm was emerging as a way to address fragility to run different workloads on one hardware. This paper investigated a type of polymorphous computing which allowed a single hardware substrate to support different granularities of parallelism to support various workloads instruction-level parallelism (ILP), threaded-parallelism (TLP), and streaming data-level parallelism (DLP). The paper explored support for polymorphism in the ISA (and hence the compiler), and the implementation of polymorphic hardware mechanisms designed to support multiple types of parallelism in the compute substrate and memory hierarchy. It also examined two methods of designing polymorphous architectures that aim to support multiple granularities of parallelism: (1) synthesis in which small processing elements can be aggregated to form a larger processor, and (2) partitioning in which a large processor is decomposed into many processors.
Co-occurrence of extreme ozone and heat waves in two cities from Morocco

Temperature is the first meteorological factor to be directly involved in leading ozone (O3) extreme events. Generally, upward temperatures increase the probability of having exceedance in ozone adopted thresholds. In the global climate change context more frequent and/or persistent heat waves and extreme ozone (O3) episodes are likely to occur during in coming decades and a key question is about the coincidence and co-occurrence of these extremes. In this paper, using 7 years of surface temperature and air quality observations over two cities from Morocco (Casablanca and Marrakech) and implementing a percentile thresholding approach, we show that the extremes in temperature and ozone (O3) cluster together in many cases and that the outbreak of ozone events generally match the first or second days of heat waves. This co-occurrence of extreme episodes is highly impacted by humidity and may be overlapping large-scale episodes.
Eucalyptus : A Technical Report on an Elastic Utility Computing Archietcture Linking Your Programs to Useful Systems

Utility computing, elastic computing, and cloud computing are all terms that refer to the concept of dynamically provisioning processing time and storage space from a ubiquitous “cloud” of computational resources. Such systems allow users to acquire and release the resources on demand and provide ready access to data from processing elements, while relegating the physical location and exact parameters of the resources. Over the past few years, such systems have become increasingly popular, but nearly all current cloud computing offerings are either proprietary or depend upon software infrastructure that is invisible to the research community. In this work, we present Eucalyptus, an open-source software implementation of cloud computing that utilizes compute resources that are typically available to researchers, such as clusters and workstation farms. In order to foster community research exploration of cloud computing systems, the design of Eucalyptus emphasizes modularity, allowing researchers to experiment with their own security, scalability, scheduling, and interface implementations. In this paper, we outline the design of Eucalyptus, describe our own implementations of the modular system components, and provide results from experiments that measure performance and scalability of an Eucalyptus installation currently deployed for public use. The main contribution of our work is the presentation of the first research-oriented open-source cloud computing system focused on enabling methodical investigations into the programming, administration, and deployment of systems exploring this novel distributed computing model.