Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Identical Response of Caged Rock Crabs (Genera Metacarcinus and Cancer) to Energized and Unenergized Undersea Power Cables in Southern California, USA

Increasingly, energy generation facilities (i.e., wave and wind) are being sited in offshore marine waters. The electricity generated from these facilities is transmitted to shore through cables carrying alternating (AC) or direct (DC) current. If DC is used, it is converted to AC for the North American grid at onshore stations. While these currents produce both electric and magnetic fields, only the magnetic field, here called an electromagnetic field (EMF), is emitted from the cable. Some marine vertebrates and invertebrates can detect EMFs (summarized in Normandeau et al. 2011). However, while it is clear that organisms can detect EMFs, less well understood is how these animals respond behaviorally to this stimulus, and concerns have been raised regarding how these organisms might interact with energized subsea cables. Among fishes, a few field or quasi-field studies have produced what appear to be minor or equivocal responses. For instance, in a study of three species of elasmobranchs held in offshore mesocosms and subjected to EMF, there were some statistically significant differences in behavior; however these differences were inconsistent among individuals within a species. In other studies, migrating European eels (Anguilla anguilla) in the Baltic Sea slowed, but did not halt, their swimming speed around an energized cable (Westerberg and Lagenfelt, 2008), and the movement of a number of fish species did not appear to be affected by an energized cable off Denmark. Along the Pacific Coast of the United States, fishers have also raised this issue; one of the specific issues is how crabs (which form major fisheries along the Pacific Coast) might respond to energized power cables. There have been few studies on the behavioral changes that invertebrates might show in the presence of EMF although a small laboratory study implied that Dungeness crabs (Metacarcinus magister) were attracted to
Origin, structure and geochemistry of a rock glacier near Don Juan Pond, Wright Valley, Antarctica

Abstract The South Fork of Wright Valley contains one of the largest rock glaciers in the McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica, stretching 7 km from the eastern boundary of the Labyrinth and terminating at Don Juan Pond (DJP). Here, we use results from ground-penetrating radar (GPR), qualitative field observations, soil leaching analyses and X-ray diffraction analyses to investigate rock glacier development. The absence of significant clean ice in GPR data, paired with observations of talus and interstitial ice influx from the valley walls, support rock glacier formation via talus accumulation. A quartz-dominated subsurface composition and discontinuous, well-developed desert pavements suggest initial rock glacier formation occurred before the late Quaternary. Major ion data from soil leaching analyses show higher salt concentrations in the rock glacier and talus samples that are close to hypersaline DJP. These observations suggest that DJP acts as a local salt source to the rock glacier, as well as the surrounding talus slopes that host water track systems that deliver solutes back into the lake, suggesting a local feedback system. Finally, the lack of lacustrine sedimentation on the rock glacier is inconsistent with the advance of a glacially dammed lake into South Fork during the Last Glacial Maximum.
Computed tomography evaluation of early post-operative complications of the Whipple procedure

Purpose Pancreaticoduodenectomy (the Whipple procedure) is the only potential curative treatment for periampullary tumours. Although mortality due to the procedure is gradually decreasing, the morbidity rates remain high. This study aimed to evaluate early computed tomography (CT) findings in patients suspected of complications following the Whipple procedure. Material and methods The CT images of patients who underwent the conventional Whipple procedure between January 2015 and January 2019 and underwent CT examination for the detection of early postoperative complications were retrospectively evaluated by two radiologists. Results The Whipple operation was performed to 65 patients, and the CT scans of 45 patients (30 males, 15 females) were included in the study. There were no complications in 21 patients. Complications were present in 24 patients (53.33%), of whom 13 had more than one complication. Eight patients had fluid collection in the operation site, two had haematoma, 10 had an abscess, and five had a pancreatic fistula. In addition, a hepatic abscess was detected in one patient, delayed gastric emptying in six patients, anastomotic leakage from the gastrojejunostomy line in two patients, superior mesenteric vein (SMV) thrombosis in two patients, and intraluminal haemorrhage and active extravasation in one patient. Mortality due to complications occurred in one patient in the early postoperative period. Other complications were treated by spontaneous, surgical or percutaneous interventional procedures. Conclusions Despite the decreasing mortality rates in recent years, the Whipple procedure is risky and has high morbidity even when performed in experienced centres. CT is the adequate imaging modality for the evaluation of this anatomically altered region and detection of complications.
Effects of dietary protein level on protein deposition in broilers: 1. Productive performance and carcass characteristics

The aim of study was to evaluate the influence of different levels of dietary protein on broiler performance and carcass characteristics from 1-42 days. One-day-old unsexed Cobb 500 broilers (n=600) were randomly assigned in 3 groups with 4 replications per treatment. The diets were formulated to contain 3 levels of protein: high protein (HP), medium protein (MP) and low protein (LP). The diets were isocaloric, with similar content of digestible sulphur amino acids, lysine, calcium and available phosphorus. In overall periods weight gain (WG) in the HP diet was higher with 4.28% and in the LP diet were lower by 4.44% vs. MP (P<0.0001). Feed conversion ratio (FCR) in overall period in the HP diet was reduced with 3.96% and in the LP diet was increased with 4.95% vs. MP (P<0.002). The feed intake (FI) was not influenced by the dietary protein level during overall period. Carcass yield and the percentage of broilers liver were not affected by the dietary protein level. Breast and legs yield were influenced by the dietary protein level, in LP diet was observed a decrease with 4.10% (P<0.04), respectively 4.47% (P<0.0001) vs. MP diet. The HP diet produced carcasses that contained lower levels (2.49%; P<0.0001) of abdominal fat than the LP diet (2.78%; P<0.0001). We concluded that the dietary protein level influences significantly the performance (weight gain, feed conversion ratio) and carcass parameters (breast and legs yield, abdominal fat) of broilers.
Desert tortoise (Gopherus agassizii) relocation: implications of social behavior and movements

Existing data on social behavior of the desert tortoise (Gopherus agassizii) suggest that wild populations have dominance hierarchies, possibly related to defense of such resources as burrows, mates, and nests. Tortoises know locations of burrows, mates, water catchments, and mineral licks within their home ranges (1-268 ha). They may take excursions outside customary activity areas and make long-distance movements of 1.4-7.3 km of 16 days to 5 yr duration. Relocated tortoises may settle at release sites, travel in straight lines (Type II navigation), and disperse distances of 6.6 km or more. Thus, areas to be restocked should be at least 14 km in diameter to permit dispersal of relocatees. Relocated tortoises may disrupt the social structure of resident populations by displacing residents, or they may be driven away by residents.
A classification of motivation and behavior change techniques used in self-determination theory-based interventions in health contexts.

While evidence suggests that interventions based on self-determination theory have efficacy in motivating adoption and maintenance of health-related behaviors, and in promoting adaptive psychological outcomes, the motivational techniques that comprise the content of these interventions have not been comprehensively identified or described. The aim of the present study was to develop a classification system of the techniques that comprise self-determination theory interventions, with satisfaction of psychological needs as an organizing principle. Candidate techniques were identified through a comprehensive review of self-determination theory interventions and nomination by experts. The study team developed a preliminary list of candidate techniques accompanied by labels, definitions, and function descriptions of each. Each technique was aligned with the most closely related psychological need satisfaction construct (autonomy, competence, or relatedness). Using an iterative expert consensus procedure, participating experts (N = 18) judged each technique on the preliminary list for redundancy, essentiality, uniqueness, and the proposed link between the technique and basic psychological need. The procedure produced a final classification of 21 motivation and behavior change techniques (MBCTs). Redundancies between final MBCTs against techniques from existing behavior change technique taxonomies were also checked. The classification system is the first formal attempt to systematize self-determination theory intervention techniques. The classification is expected to enhance consistency in descriptions of self-determination theory-based interventions in health contexts, and assist in facilitating synthesis of evidence on interventions based on the theory. The classification is also expected to guide future efforts to identify, describe, and classify the techniques that comprise self-determination theory-based interventions in multiple domains.
Factors influencing the precision of species richness estimation in Japanese vascular plants

Estimating species richness from a series of samples is an important and widely debated issue in ecology and biodiversity conservation. Numerous tests of respective richness estimators gave insights into the precision, the limitations and the pitfalls of richness forecasting. However, few benchmark tests used almost complete empiric census data obtained at those spatial scales where richness estimation is most useful for conservation management.
A Microstrip Lowpass Filter With Wide Tuning Range and Sharp Roll-Off Response

In this brief, a compact lowpass filter (LPF) with wide stopband, very sharp roll-off response and wide tuning range is presented for microwave diode detector applications. It employs two hexagonal-shaped resonators and multiple open-end stubs as suppression cells. The results of the proposed hexagonal-shaped resonator and LC circuits are in good agreement. The 3 dB cut-off frequency for the proposed LPF is 2.2 GHz and the roll-off-rate (ROR) parameter for the proposed LPF is very sharp and equal to 308.6 dB/GHz. Furthermore, insertion loss (IL) and return loss (RL) in the passband region are better than 0.3 dB and 18 dB, respectively. Moreover, the stopband is wide, ranging from 2.34 to 18 GHz, with a 22 dB rejection level. The tuning range of 3 dB cut-off frequency is also wide, equal 0.48 to 1.7 GHz (71%). As an application demonstrator, an envelope detector was designed and fabricated. The proposed detector (with LPF) highly suppresses any harmonics of the fundamental frequency. The proposed LPF and microwave detector is designed, simulated, fabricated and measured. The results of simulation and measurement are in good agreement.
On the Limnology of Deep and Saline Lake Burdur in Turkey

Limnological characteristics of Lake Burdur in Lake District in south-western Turkey are presented. It is a deep, tectonic (estimated max. depth 100 m), athalassic, highly alkaline, and saline lake. A set of physical and chemical variables was monitored, phyto- and zooplankton was sampled from surface layer of the lake during 1997. Physico-chemical variables indicated that the lake is hyposaline and composed of some hydrochemically different water layers formed by groundwater sources located on the bottom of the lake. The phytoplankton composition of Lake Burdur consisted of Cyanophyta, Chlorophyta, Bacillariophyta, Dinophyta, and Chrysophyta. The abundance and number of species of Chlorophyta and Cyanophyta were higher than the other taxa. The zooplankton composition of the Lake consisted of Rhizopoda, Rotifera, and Crustacea. Number of species of Rotifera was higher than the other taxa. The diversities of the phyto- and zooplankton were calculated according to the Shannon-Weaver diversity index. The diversity of each group was found to be low in the lake. Zur Limnologie des tiefen und salinen Lake Burdur in der Turkei Die limnologische Charakteristik des Lake Burdur im Seen-Distrikt der sudwestlichen Turkei wird dargestellt. Es handelt sich um einen tiefen (zmax 100 m), tektonischen, athallassogenen, deutlich alkalischen und salinen See. Neben den physikalischen und che mischen Daten wird auch das oberflachennahe Phyto- und Zooplankton wahrend des Jahres 1997 untersucht. Die physikalisch-chemischen Ergebnisse zeigen, dass es sich um einen hyposalinen See handelt, der durch den Zustrom von Grundwasser im Tiefenprofil unterschiedliche Wasserschichten ausbildet. Das Phytoplankton wird von Cyanophyceen, Chlorophyceen, Bacillariophyceen, Dinophyceen und Chrysophyceen gebildet, wobei Chlorophyceen und Cyanophyceen in Arten- und Individuenzahl dominieren. Das Zooplankton besteht aus Rhizopoden, Rotatorien und Crustaceen, wobei die Rotatorien in der Artenzahl uberwiegen. Die Diversitat des Phyto- und Zooplanktons im Index nach Shannon and Weaver ist im Lake Burdur fur beide Organismengruppen klein.
Plant Growth Regulators Suppress Established Orchard Sod and Dandelion (Taraxacum officinale) Population

Several plant growth regulators applied to established sod driveways in an apple orchard suppressed growth of the ground cover sufficiently to eliminate one to three mowings. MH at 4.5 or 6.7 kg ai/ha applied spring and fall reduced the growth of a single species sod cover crop, ‘Kentucky 31’ tall fescue, the year after treatment. MH at both rates also reduced the dandelion population growing in the mixed species orchard sod. Paclobutrazol or EPTC applied in the spring before or during initial grass growth reduced dry matter production in the fescue sod cover crop and the number of mowings compared to the mowed and non-mowed control plots.
The Bulletproof Glass Effect: When Privacy Notices Backfire

Firms typically provide assurances to consumers about data management practices in the form of privacy notices. This manuscript proposes that ironically, such assurances can fuel rather than alleviate privacy concerns. Indeed, we show that consumers react to assurances as if they were warnings – a counterintuitive phenomenon because unlike warnings, which communicate danger, assurances are designed to communicate protection. Across one field experiment and five lab experiments, we show that a salient (vs. an absent or less salient) privacy notice can lead to decreased rather than increased purchase intent. This effect is mediated by consumer trust and is robust to the language in the privacy notice—it occurs even when the notice is overtly assuring, as well as when consumers see only a link to the notice but do not view its contents. The attenuation of the effect in joint (vs. separate) evaluation suggests that consumers’ hesitation to transact with organizations that have a salient privacy notice is not likely driven by an active aversion to assurances, but rather by the arousal of dormant privacy concerns.
Group-Bipartite Consensus in the Networks With Cooperative-Competitive Interactions

This brief addresses the group-bipartite consensus problem of multi-agent systems with cooperative-competitive interactions. By combining the characteristics of group consensus and bipartite consensus, the concept of group-bipartite consensus is introduced to specify multiple bipartite consensus behavior. A distributed control protocol is then proposed for the topology graphs with acyclic partition and sign-balanced couples. The network topology studied in this brief eliminates the constraint that negative links can only exist between different groups, and thus the weights between agents in the same group can be either positive or negative. Some necessary and sufficient conditions for solving group-bipartite consensus problems are established by constructing a new form of the Laplacian matrix associated with the directed communication graphs. A simulation example is given to validate the theoretical results.
If only… a systematic review and meta-analysis of social, temporal and counterfactual comparative thinking in PTSD

ABSTRACT Comparative thinking is ubiquitous in human cognition. Empirical evidence is accumulating that PTSD symptomatology is linked to various changes in social, temporal and counterfactual comparative thinking. However, no systematic review and meta-analysis in this line of research have been conducted to this date. We searched titles, abstracts and subject terms of electronic records in PsycInfo and Medline from inception to January 2019 with various search terms for social, temporal and counterfactual comparative thinking as well as PTSD. Journal articles were included if they reported a quantitative association between PTSD and social, temporal and/or counterfactual comparative thinking in trauma-exposed clinical or sub-clinical samples. A total of 36 publications were included in the qualitative synthesis. The number of publications on the association between PTSD and social and temporal comparative thinking was too scarce to warrant a meta-analytic review. A narrative review of available literature suggests that PTSD is associated with distortions in social and temporal comparative thinking. A meta-analysis of 24 independent samples (n = 4423) assessing the association between PTSD and the frequency of counterfactual comparative thinking yielded a medium to large positive association of r =. 464 (p <.001, 95% CI =.404; .520). Higher study quality was associated with higher magnitude of association in a meta-regression. Most studies collected data cross-sectionally, precluding conclusions regarding causality. Overall, study quality was found to be moderate. More longitudinal and experimental research with validated comparative thinking measures in clinical samples is needed to acquire a more sophisticated understanding of the role of comparative cognitions in the aetiology and maintenance of PTSD. Comparative thinking might be a fruitful avenue for a better understanding of posttraumatic reactions and improving treatment.
Risk of suicide among adolescents and young adults with cancer and a need for targeted interventions

Division of Health Care Research, Behavioral Science and Survivorship Research Group, Center for Public Health Sciences, National Cancer Center Japan, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Stress Sciences and Psychosomatic Medicine, The University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan Correspondence to: Maiko Fujimori. Division of Health Care Research, Behavioral Science and Survivorship Research Group, Center for Public Health Sciences, National Cancer Center Japan, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan. Email: mfujimor@ncc.go. jp. Provenance and Peer Review: This article was commissioned by the Editorial Office, Annals of Translational Medicine. The article did not undergo external peer review. Comment on: Zhou H, Xian W, Zhang Y, et al. Suicide among cancer patients: adolescents and young adult (AYA) versus all-age patients. Ann Transl Med 2019;7:658.
The Ecological Impact of Place-Based Economic Policies

Author(s): Garg, Teevrat; Shenoy, Ajay | Abstract: Does economic development have an unavoidable ecological cost? We examine the ecological impacts of one of India’s signature place-based economic policies involving massive tax benefits for new industrial and infrastructure development following the creation of the new state of Uttarakhand. The policy, which had an explicit pro-environment mandate, resulted in no meaningful change in local forest cover. Our results suggest that even in settings with low levels of enforcement, place-based economic policies with pro-environment mandates can achieve sizeable economic expansion without major ecological costs.
Climate change is increasing the likelihood of extreme autumn wildfire conditions across California

California has experienced devastating autumn wildfires in recent years. These autumn wildfires have coincided with extreme fire weather conditions during periods of strong offshore winds coincident with unusually dry vegetation enabled by anomalously warm conditions and late onset of autumn precipitation. In this study, we quantify observed changes in the occurrence and magnitude of meteorological factors that enable extreme autumn wildfires in California, and use climate model simulations to ascertain whether these changes are attributable to human-caused climate change. We show that state-wide increases in autumn temperature (∼1 °C) and decreases in autumn precipitation (∼30%) over the past four decades have contributed to increases in aggregate fire weather indices (+20%). As a result, the observed frequency of autumn days with extreme (95th percentile) fire weather—which we show are preferentially associated with extreme autumn wildfires—has more than doubled in California since the early 1980s. We further find an increase in the climate model-estimated probability of these extreme autumn conditions since ∼1950, including a long-term trend toward increased same-season co-occurrence of extreme fire weather conditions in northern and southern California. Our climate model analyses suggest that continued climate change will further amplify the number of days with extreme fire weather by the end of this century, though a pathway consistent with the UN Paris commitments would substantially curb that increase. Given the acute societal impacts of extreme autumn wildfires in recent years, our findings have critical relevance for ongoing efforts to manage wildfire risks in California and other regions.
Seeking invention: creating an informed citizenry in the governance of security at sporting mega-events

ABSTRACT There exists a small cottage industry of case studies of mega-sporting event security at respective Olympic Games, Commonwealth Games or FIFA World Cups. This literature provides detailed accounts of the different security governance networks and methods of securitisation taken by host cities and the social impacts of such arrangements. However, for all this explanatory work, there have been no attempts to provide any innovative normative framework for how mega-event security should be conducted. Taking a case study of Glasgow’s security operation during the 2014 Commonwealth Games, the article firstly maps the ‘nodal’ arrangement that existed during the Games, before identifying the various limitations within this particular approach. It makes a theoretical contribution to the existing body of security governance literature by demonstrating the empirical complexities of achieving nodal governance in a particular situation. The article concludes by providing a practical contribution to policing scholarship by suggesting an innovative normative security governance framework based around the metaphor of ‘control hubs’. Central to this innovation is the inclusion of a community ‘node’ into the governance of security as a way of enhancing information sharing and deliberation.