Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Exposure to psychosocial work strain and changes in smoking behavior during pregnancy – a longitudinal study within the Danish National Birth Cohort

Objective: Knowledge of the relationship between psychosocial strain in the work environment and smoking during pregnancy is scarce. This study aimed to examine the association between psychosocial job strain and change in smoking behavior during pregnancy. Methods: The cohort included 65 645 pregnancies from the Danish National Birth Cohort (1996–2002), where pregnant women were interviewed on job factors and lifestyle during the first and third trimesters. Smoking was categorized into non-, non-daily, and daily smoking at each interview. Psychosocial job strain was categorized into four groups based on the concept of Karasek’s demand–control model: low strain (reference), passive, active and high strain. Associations between psychosocial strain and change in smoking status between the first and second interviews were analyzed by multinomial logistic regression, separately for each smoking category at first interview. Results: Non-smoking women exposed to high strain work were more likely to become daily smokers [adjusted odds ratio (ORadj) 1.41, (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.08–1.83)] compared to non-smoking women exposed to low strain work. Non-smoking women exposed to passive work were more likely to become both non-daily and daily smokers [ORadj 1.59 (95% CI 1.21–2.08) and ORadj 1.32 (95% CI 1.03–1.70), respectively]. Daily smoking women exposed to high strain work were less likely to decrease their smoking [ORadj 0.57 (95% CI 0.32–0.99)] compared to daily smoking women exposed to low strain work. Conclusions: Psychosocial strain influenced the women’s smoking behavior during pregnancy, especially in job types with low control.
Morphological, genetic, and interfertility analyses reveal a novel, tetrasporic variety of Agaricus bisporus from the Sonoran Desert of California

A distinctive variety of A. bisporus has been discovered in several habitats in the low Sonoran Desert of the Coachella Valley of California at elevations below sea level. The tetrasporic character of the basidia is consistently predominant in this local population. The spores of this population tend to be shorter and narrower than those of the bisporic strains. The genotypes of two individuals from this population clearly place them in the species A. bisporus, where they form a cohesive group in specieswide cluster analyses of nuclear genotypic similarity. The relative genetic divergence of this population from others in the species is of a similar order to that observed between other geographically isolated, bisporic populations of the species. The tetrasporic individuals exhibit complete interfertility with several bisporic strains of European and Coastal Californian origin. Because of their basidial and spore morphologies, these mushrooms do not fall within the traditional circumscription of A. bisporus. Varietal status is proposed for these distinctive, tetrasporic members ofthe species, and A. bisporus var. burnettii is described. Primary habitat of these mushrooms is being destroyed rapidly near our field sites. Geographical range of the variety is unknown.
Late Development of Metastatic Ovarian Mucinous Adenocarcinoma From Primary Gallblader Adenocarcinoma and High-grade Dysplasia.

The ovary is a common site of metastatic mucinous adenocarcinoma. In most, but not all, cases the presence of a primary neoplasm elsewhere is already known and the metastasis is picked up at diagnosis or is discovered a relatively short time following the diagnosis of the primary neoplasm. We report 2 cases of metastatic gallbladder adenocarcinoma involving the ovaries of women aged 65 and 59 after long time periods of 8 and 5 yr following diagnosis of high-grade dysplasia or early adenocarcinoma of the gallbladder, respectively. In both cases, a review of the original operative notes suggested the possibility of intraoperative gallbladder rupture or bile leakage suggesting that the metastatic disease may have developed secondary to "seeding. " In both cases, p53 immunohistochemistry revealed identical null mutation-type immunoreactivity within the gallbladder and ovarian neoplasms, assisting in confirming the ovarian disease as a metastasis from the gallbladder. The possibility of late ovarian metastasis of gallbladder dysplasia or adenocarcinoma secondary to rupture/bile leakage should be borne in mind.
Safety and Tolerability of Plasma Exchange and Immunoadsorption in Neuroinflammatory Diseases

Plasma exchange (PE) and immunoadsorption (IA) are frequently used for treatment of various autoimmune-mediated neurological diseases, including multiple sclerosis (MS), chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP), and Guillain–Barré syndrome (GBS). Although both methods are generally regarded as well-tolerated treatment options, evidence for safety and tolerability is low for most indications and largely relies on small case series. In this study, we retrospectively analysed adverse events (AEs) and laboratory changes in 284 patients with various neurological indications who received either PE (n = 65, 113 cycles) or IA (n = 219, 435 cycles) between 2013 and 2020 in our Neurology department. One standard treatment cycle for PE as well as IA consisted of five treatments on five consecutive days. During every treatment, the 2.0–2.5-fold individual plasma volume (PV) was treated in IA, while in PE, the 0.7-fold individual PV was replaced by human albumin solution. Overall, both methods showed an excellent safety profile; no deaths of life-threatening adverse events were recorded. Severe AEs (corresponding to grade 3 on the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events grading scale v5.0) including three patients with sepsis, one pneumonia, and one pneumothorax were present in 5/435 IA cycles (1.1%); in the PE group, no severe AEs were recorded. Furthermore, although advantageous tolerability is generally considered the main advantage of IA over PE, we found that overall frequency of AEs (including grades 1 and 2) was higher in IA (67.1% of all cycles) compared to PE (35.4%; p < 0.001). The low incidence of AEs in PE might be caused by the lower PV exchanged during each treatment (0.7-fold) compared to previous studies which predominantly exchanged the 1.0–1.5-fold PV. In order to verify this hypothesis as well as confirming the efficacy of this lower-dosed scheme, prospective studies comparing different treatment regimens are needed.
Physical Properties and Biofunctionalities of Bioactive Root Canal Sealers In Vitro

Calcium silicate-based bioactive glass has received significant attention for use in various biomedical applications due to its excellent bioactivity and biocompatibility. However, the bioactivity of calcium silicate nanoparticle-incorporated bioactive dental sealer is not much explored. Herein, three commercially available bioactive root canal sealers (Endoseal MTA (EDS), Well-Root ST (WST), and Nishika Canal Sealer BG (NBG)) were compared with a resin-based control sealer (AH Plus (AHP)) in terms of physical, chemical, and biological properties. EDS and NBG showed 200 to 400 nm and 100 to 200 nm nanoparticle incorporation in the SEM image, respectively, and WST and NBG showed mineral deposition in Hank’s balanced salt solution after 28 days. The flowability and film thickness of all products met the ISO 3107 standard. Water contact angle, linear dimensional changes, and calcium and silicate ion release were significantly different among groups. All bioactive root canal sealers released calcium ions, while NBG released ~10 times more silicon ions than the other bioactive root canal sealers. Under the cytocompatible extraction range, NBG showed prominent cytocompatibility, osteogenecity, and angiogenecity compared to other sealers in vitro. These results indicate that calcium silicate nanoparticle incorporation in dental sealers could be a potential strategy for dental periapical tissue regeneration.
The Effectiveness of Jet (Needle-Free) Injector to Provide Anesthesia in Child Circumcision under Local Anesthesia

Abstract Objective In our study, we aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a needle-free (jet) injector in local anesthesia for circumcision. Materials and Methods A total of 64 children were divided into two groups as jet injector group (n = 32) and conventional needle group (n = 32). Ring block was applied 6–8 times with a jet injector that sprayed each time 0.1 ml (2 mg) of lidocaine in jet injector group. In conventional needle group, ring block was applied with 2 mg/kg lidocaine injection. Using FLACC (Face, Legs, Activity, Cry, Consolability) pain scale, pain score during local anesthetic injection, anesthesia start time and pain score during circumcision were determined for both groups. Results The mean age of the patients was 3.99 ± 1.41 years in jet injector group and 3.88 ± 1.33 years in conventional needle group. The mean FLACC pain score during the anesthesia procedure was 4.75 ± 0.25 in jet injector group, while it was 7.06 ± 0.24 in conventional needle group. FLACC pain scores were found to be significantly lower in jet injector group (p = 0.0001). During circumcision, the mean FLACC scores were 4.91 ± 0.29 and 2.31 ± 0.18 for jet injector group and conventional needle group, respectively. These FLACC pain scores were found to be significantly lower in conventional needle group (p = 0.0001). Conclusion Our study showed that anesthesia using a jet injector can not provide sufficient analgesia so as to comfortably complete circumcision in pediatric circumcisions performed under local anesthesia.
A Novel Genotype and First Record of Trypanosoma lainsoni in Argentina

Trypanosomes are a group of parasitic flagellates with medical and veterinary importance. Despite many species having been described in this genus, little is known about many of them. Here, we report a genetic and morphological characterization of trypanosomatids isolated from wild mammals from the Argentine Chaco region. Parasites were morphologically and ultrastructurally characterized by light microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. Additionally, 18s rRNA and gGAPDH genes were sequenced and analyzed using maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference. Morphological characterization showed clear characteristics associated with the Trypanosoma genus. The genetic characterization demonstrates that the studied isolates have identical sequences and a pairwise identity of 99% with Trypanosoma lainsoni, which belongs to the clade of lizards and snakes/rodents and marsupials. To date, this species had only been found in the Amazon region. Our finding represents the second report of T. lainsoni and the first record for the Chaco region. Furthermore, we ultrastructurally described for the first time the species. Finally, the host range of T. lainsoni was expanded (Leopardus geoffroyi, Carenivora, Felidae; and Calomys sp., Rodentia, Cricetidae), showing a wide host range for this species.
Galectin-3: A Potential Prognostic and Diagnostic Marker for Heart Disease and Detection of Early Stage Pathology

The use of molecular biomarkers for the early detection of heart disease, before their onset of symptoms, is an attractive novel approach. Ideal molecular biomarkers, those that are both sensitive and specific to heart disease, are likely to provide a much earlier diagnosis, thereby providing better treatment outcomes. Galectin-3 is expressed by various immune cells, including mast cells, histiocytes and macrophages, and plays an important role in diverse physiological functions. Since galectin-3 is readily expressed on the cell surface, and is readily secreted by injured and inflammatory cells, it has been suggested that cardiac galectin-3 could be a marker for cardiac disorders such as cardiac inflammation and fibrosis, depending on the specific pathogenesis. Thus, galectin-3 may be a novel candidate biomarker for the diagnosis, analysis and prognosis of various cardiac diseases, including heart failure. The goals of heart disease treatment are to prevent acute onset and to predict their occurrence by using the ideal molecular biomarkers. In this review, we discuss and summarize recent developments of galectin-3 as a next-generation molecular biomarker of heart disease. Furthermore, we describe how galectin-3 may be useful as a diagnostic marker for detecting the early stages of various heart diseases, which may contribute to improved early therapeutic interventions.
Effect of Exposure Temperature on the Crashworthiness of Carbon/Epoxy Composite Rectangular Tubes Under Quasi-Static Compression

The exposure of polymeric composites to thermal loading is a ubiquitous problem that leads to the degradation of mechanical properties, reducing the service life of an engineered structure, and potentially premature, catastrophic modes of failure. In the current paper, an experimental study is presented in order to investigate the effect of thermal exposure on the crushing performance of carbon fiber-reinforced plastic (CFRP) composite tubes. Specimens of rectangular tubes are subjected to thermal exposure at 90, 120, 150 and 180 °C before being crushed under quasi-static loading. The results showed a reduction in the peak load by increasing the aging temperature up to °C, which is followed by an increase in the peak load at 150 °C, due to post-curing. For the energy absorbed and the specific energy, a sharp reduction is recorded (up to 70% reduction) due to thermal aging. These results showed that the effect of thermal exposure on crashworthiness needs more attention during composites’ design, especially for transportation applications.
Timing and structure of the Younger Dryas event and its underlying climate dynamics

Significance The Younger Dryas (YD) was an ∼1,300-y period of extreme climate that dramatically reversed the course of global warming that brought the last Ice Age to a close. Understanding what mechanisms triggered and terminated this event remains enigmatic, but it is fundamental for gaining insights into the inner workings of Earth’s climate system. In this study, we used a combination of well-dated speleothem and ice-core records to pinpoint the timing of its onsets and terminations in various climatic regimes around the world. We show that the YD event occurred first at high northern latitudes and then propagated southward into the tropical monsoon belt through both atmospheric and oceanic processes, ultimately reaching Antarctica before reversing the course to its eventual termination. The Younger Dryas (YD), arguably the most widely studied millennial-scale extreme climate event, was characterized by diverse hydroclimate shifts globally and severe cooling at high northern latitudes that abruptly punctuated the warming trend from the last glacial to the present interglacial. To date, a precise understanding of its trigger, propagation, and termination remains elusive. Here, we present speleothem oxygen-isotope data that, in concert with other proxy records, allow us to quantify the timing of the YD onset and termination at an unprecedented subcentennial temporal precision across the North Atlantic, Asian Monsoon-Westerlies, and South American Monsoon regions. Our analysis suggests that the onsets of YD in the North Atlantic (12,870 ± 30 B.P.) and the Asian Monsoon-Westerlies region are essentially synchronous within a few decades and lead the onset in Antarctica, implying a north-to-south climate signal propagation via both atmospheric (decadal-time scale) and oceanic (centennial-time scale) processes, similar to the Dansgaard–Oeschger events during the last glacial period. In contrast, the YD termination may have started first in Antarctica at ∼11,900 B.P., or perhaps even earlier in the western tropical Pacific, followed by the North Atlantic between ∼11,700 ± 40 and 11,610 ± 40 B.P. These observations suggest that the initial YD termination might have originated in the Southern Hemisphere and/or the tropical Pacific, indicating a Southern Hemisphere/tropics to North Atlantic–Asian Monsoon-Westerlies directionality of climatic recovery.
Clinical Utility of 4Kscore, ExosomeDx and Magnetic Resonance Imaging for the Early Detection of High-Grade Prostate Cancer.

PURPOSE We aimed to evaluate 4Kscore and ExosomeDx with multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) in the detection of high-grade prostate cancer (PCa) and number of biopsies avoided. MATERIAL AND METHODS Patients had one liquid biomarker test with or without mpMRI. High-grade PCa was defined as Gleason grade group (GG) ≥2. The overall number of avoided biopsies (with GG≤1), and number of missed GG≥2 cancer among the biopsied patients, were determined. RESULTS Of the 783 patients in the overall cohort, 419 (53.5%) underwent biopsy. 4Kscore and ExosomeDx scores higher than the manufacturers' cut point were associated with PI-RADS scores 3-5 and GG≥2 PCa. Limiting biopsy to the men with liquid biomarker scores above the manufacturers' cut point would have resulted avoiding 29.5-39.9% unnecessary biopsies overall, while missing 4.0-4.8% GG≥2 PCa in the biopsy group. Screening algorithms with upfront liquid biomarker testing followed by mpMRI if the biomarker is above the manufacturers' cut point, then followed by biopsy if the mpMRI is positive or if 4Kscore≥20 or ExosomeDx≥19 would have missed 4.8-5.6% of GG≥2 PCa in the biopsy group while avoiding 39.4-43.0% biopsies and 29.5-39.9% mpMRIs overall. Similar algorithms with upfront mpMRI followed by liquid biomarker testing for negative mpMRIs would have missed 2.4% of GG≥2 PCa in the biopsy group but only avoided 17.2-19.3% biopsies overall. CONCLUSIONS Screening algorithms with upfront liquid biomarker testing followed by mpMRI and biopsy at certain biomarker thresholds could reduce unnecessary biopsies, mpMRI, and over detection of GG1 PCa.
Investigating the Association between Motor Function, Neuroinflammation, and Recording Metrics in the Performance of Intracortical Microelectrode Implanted in Motor Cortex

Long-term reliability of intracortical microelectrodes remains a challenge for increased acceptance and deployment. There are conflicting reports comparing measurements associated with recording quality with postmortem histology, in attempts to better understand failure of intracortical microelectrodes (IMEs). Our group has recently introduced the assessment of motor behavior tasks as another metric to evaluate the effects of IME implantation. We hypothesized that adding the third dimension to our analysis, functional behavior testing, could provide substantial insight on the health of the tissue, success of surgery/implantation, and the long-term performance of the implanted device. Here we present our novel analysis scheme including: (1) the use of numerical formal concept analysis (nFCA) and (2) a regression analysis utilizing modern model/variable selection. The analyses found complimentary relationships between the variables. The histological variables for glial cell activation had associations between each other, as well as the neuronal density around the electrode interface. The neuronal density had associations to the electrophysiological recordings and some of the motor behavior metrics analyzed. The novel analyses presented herein describe a valuable tool that can be utilized to assess and understand relationships between diverse variables being investigated. These models can be applied to a wide range of ongoing investigations utilizing various devices and therapeutics.
The Effects of Deoxynivalenol on the Ultrastructure of the Sacculus Rotundus and Vermiform Appendix, as Well as the Intestinal Microbiota of Weaned Rabbits

Deoxynivalenol (DON) is a mycotoxin found in grains that poses a potential threat to human and animal health, and the gastrointestinal tract is the primary target organ. There are few studies focused on the toxicology of DON to rabbits, especially on the relation among DON, microbiota, and the gut-associated lymphoid tissue. A total of 30 weaned rabbits (35 d) were evenly divided into the control group and DON group (1.5 mg/kg bodyweight (BW)) based on their body weight. After a 24-day trial, the ultrastructures of the sacculus rotundus and vermiform appendix were observed using a scanning electron microscope and transmission electron microscopy. The morphology and microflora in the ileum, caecum, and colon were also examined. The results proved that the ultrastructure of the sacculus rotundus and vermiform appendix, as well as the integrity of the intestinal barrier (especially for the ileum), were impaired after DON was administrated to the rabbits. Compared to the control group, the relative abundance and diversity of the microflora decreased in all three intestinal segments in the DON group, particularly in the ileum and caecum. In conclusion, the toxic effect of DON on weaned rabbits may be performed by destroying the structure of the sacculus rotundus and vermiform appendix, as well as affecting the structure and diversity of the intestinal flora.
Evaluation of PD-L1 Expression and HPV Genotyping in Anal Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Simple Summary Anal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is a rare cancer often caused by infection with high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV). Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) targeting PD-1 or PD-L1 is successfully used for the treatment of other cancers as melanoma and lung cancer and might be an option for anal SCC as well. PD-L1 expression is associated with ICB outcome for example in melanoma. Here, we investigated whether infection with HPV affects PD-L1 expression and observed that almost two-thirds of anal SCC patients had PD-L1 positive tumors. Interestingly, these patients had a better median overall survival (OS). Sex, grade of differentiation, and HPV infection status did not influence the median OS. HPV infection status and PD-L1 expression were not correlated. Our findings indicate that PD-L1 is an independent prognostic marker in anal SCC. Besides, ICB targeting PD-1 or PD-L1 might be a therapy option for anal SCC patients irrespective of HPV infection status. Abstract Anal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is a rare cancer with increasing incidence. Infection with high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) subtypes is the major cause for its development. We retrospectively analyzed tumor samples from 54 anal SCC patients for infection with a panel of 32 HPV subtypes in a PCR-based approach, determined the PD-L1 expression status, and correlated the findings with the clinical data and the survival of the patients. Forty-two patients (77.8%) were HPV-positive and harbored at least one carcinogenic HPV subtype. HPV16 was the most frequently detected (n = 39, 72.2%). Four patients were infected with multiple HPV subtypes. HPV infection was significantly more often detected in female than in male patients (90.3% vs. 60.9%, p = 0.018). Patients with PD-L1 positive tumors showed a significantly better median overall survival (OS) compared with patients with PD-L1 negative tumors (69.3 vs. 28.3 months, p = 0.006). The median OS was significantly different among the distinct tumor stages (p = 0.029). Sex, grade of differentiation, and HPV infection status did not influence the median OS. Furthermore, HPV infection status and PD-L1 expression were not correlated. A multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed that PD-L1 expression status was an independent prognostic marker for survival (p = 0.012).