Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
On the Corrosion Fatigue of Magnesium Alloys Aimed at Biomedical Applications: New Insights from the Influence of Testing Frequency and Surface Modification of the Alloy ZK60

Magnesium alloys are contemporary candidates for many structural applications of which medical applications, such as bioresorbable implants, are of significant interest to the community and a challenge to materials scientists. The generally poor resistance of magnesium alloys to environmentally assisted fracture, resulting, in particular, in faster-than-desired bio-corrosion degradation in body fluids, strongly impedes their broad uptake in clinical practice. Since temporary structures implanted to support osteosynthesis or healing tissues may experience variable loading, the resistance to bio-corrosion fatigue is a critical issue that has yet to be understood in order to maintain the structural integrity and to prevent the premature failure of implants. In the present communication, we address several aspects of the corrosion fatigue behaviour of magnesium alloys, using the popular commercial ZK60 Mg-Zn-Zr alloy as a representative example. Specifically, the effects of the testing frequency, surface roughness and metallic coatings are discussed in conjunction with the fatigue fractography after the testing of miniature specimens in air and simulated body fluid. It is demonstrated that accelerated environmentally assisted degradation under cyclic loading occurs due to a complicated interplay between corrosion damage, stress corrosion cracking and cyclic loads. The occurrence of corrosion fatigue in Mg alloys is exaggerated by the significant sensitivity to the testing frequency. The fatigue life or strength reduced remarkably with a decrease in the test frequency.
Estimation of Seismic Wave Attenuation from 3D Seismic Data: A Case Study of OBC Data Acquired in an Offshore Oilfield

Previous studies performed in Abu Dhabi oilfields, United Arab Emirates, revealed the direct link of seismic wave attenuation to petrophysical properties of rocks. However, all those studies were based on zero offset VSP data, which limits the attenuation estimation at one location only. This is due to the difficulty of estimating attenuation from 3D seismic data, especially in carbonate rocks. To overcome this difficulty, we developed a workflow based on the centroid frequency shift method and Gabor transform which is optimized by using VSP data. The workflow was applied on 3D Ocean Bottom Cable seismic data. Distinct attenuation anomalies were observed in highly heterogeneous and saturated zones, such as the reservoirs and aquifers. Scattering shows significant contribution in attenuation anomalies, which is unusual in sandstones. This is due to the complex texture and heterogeneous nature of carbonate rocks. Furthermore, attenuation mechanisms such as frictional relative movement between fluids and solid grains, are most likely other important causes of attenuation anomalies. The slight lateral variation of attenuation reflects the lateral homogeneous stratigraphy of the oilfield. The results demonstrate the potential of seismic wave attenuation for delineating heterogeneous zones with high fluid content, which can substantially help for enhancing oil recovery.
A Robust and Centered Curve Skeleton Extraction from 3D Point Cloud

AbstractA curve skeleton of a 3D object is one of the most important structures of the object, which is extremely useful for many computer graphics applications involving in shape analysis. Much research has focused on volumetric and polygonal mesh models. However, only a few have been paid attention to point cloud and suffered from several limitations such as connectivity or inside-shape information requirements, difficulty to compute junction nodes, or inappropriate parameter tuning. To resolve these problems, we propose an effective algorithm for extracting a robust and centered curve skeleton from point cloud. The process starts from estimating centers of antipodes of a point cloud, so called skeletal candidates, which are fundamentally inside the shape; but scattered. We thus filter and shrink them to create less-noisy skeletal candidates before applying one-dimensional Moving Least Squares (MLS) to build a thin point cloud. The latter is then downsampled to sparse skeletal nodes. With recent nodes, .
Antithrombotic therapy for secondary prevention of unprovoked venous thromboembolism: a systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

Abstract Background Extended antithrombotic treatment is recommended for secondary prevention of unprovoked venous thromboembolism (VTE), however, there is no consensus on which antithrombotic strategy is preferable. Aim To compare the efficacy and safety of different antithrombotic strategies for secondary prevention unprovoked VTE. Methods Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Embase, and MEDLINE were systematically searched from inception to 22 July 2020 for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that compared the efficacy and/or safety of extended antithrombotic strategies including aspirin, warfarin and direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) for secondary prevention of unprovoked VTE. The primary outcome was risk of major bleeding and the secondary outcomes were risks of recurrent VTE and all-cause death. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using pairwise and network meta-analysis with random effect. Possible ranking of extended antithrombotic strategies was plotted using the surface under the cumulative ranking curve and mean ranks. Results Seventeen RCTs met the inclusion criteria, and meta-analysis results showed that warfarin was associated with significantly higher risk of major bleeding than placebo/observation (OR 2.71, 95% CI 1.32–5.55) or apixaban (OR 10.65, 95% CI 1.06–107.13). Apixaban and low-apixaban were the top two strategies according to the ranking of major bleeding. Warfarin (OR 0.25, 95%CI 0.13–0.49), rivaroxaban (OR 0.18, 95%CI 0.03–0.90), apixaban (OR 0.18, 95%CI 0.04–0.85) and low-apixaban (OR 0.18, 95%CI 0.04–0.82) were related to significantly lower risk than placebo/observation; edoxaban was non-inferior to warfarin on the risk of recurrent VTE. Furthermore, apixaban was linked with significantly lower risk of all-cause death than placebo/observation (OR 0.29, 95% CI 0.09–0.88). Conclusion Apixaban showed superiority to other antithrombotic strategies on major bleeding and all-cause death for secondary prevention of unprovoked VTE. Further studies are warranted owing to the limited number of studies and positive cases. Key messages All antithrombotic strategies including warfarin, DOACs and aspirin were superior to placebo/observation on recurrent VTE for secondary prevention of unprovoked VTE. Apixaban demonstrated lower risk of major bleeding than warfarin, and lower risk of all-cause death than placebo/observation. Further research about the efficacy and safety of antithrombotic treatments for secondary prevention of unprovoked VTE is warranted.
Rating frailty, Bayesian updates, and portfolio credit risk analysis*

This paper studies how to utilize individual ratings and credit performance for portfolio credit risk analysis and surveillance. We model the default intensity of firms using a proportional form, with rating specific individual frailty to account for heterogeneity within a rating group, as well as rating specific exposure to observable macro covariates, industries and a latent mean-reverting macro frailty factor. To estimate the model, we take the Bayesian approach and develop a Markov chain Monte Carlo-based algorithm. This approach enables us to quantify parameter uncertainty which is crucial for forecasting and it also provides a convenient tool for performing updates. Using a large default dataset spanning a period of 45 years including the 2008 financial crisis, we provide strong evidence for the dependence of individual frailty and exposure to systematic risk factors on credit rating. In out-of-sample testing, we showcase the ability of our model to forecast the number of defaults through business cycles and particularly in the financial crisis. Furthermore, by monitoring a collateralized loan obligation (CLO), we show that our model can perform reasonably well for the surveillance purpose with timely updates, even if the data used for the initial calibration of the model does not contain the firms in the CLO.
Using internally cooled cutting tools in the machining of difficult-to-cut materials based on Waspaloy

Nickel-based superalloys such as Waspaloy are used for engine components and in the nuclear industry, where considerable strength and corrosion resistance at high operating temperatures are called for. These characteristics of such alloys cause increases in cutting temperature and resultant tool damage, even at low cutting speeds and low feed rates. Thus, they are classified as difficult-to-cut materials. This article presents a cooling method to be used in metal cutting based on a tool holder with a closed internal cooling system with cooling fluid circulating inside. Hence, a green cooling method that does not harm the environment and is efficient in removing heat from the cutting zone was developed. A series of cutting experiments were conducted to investigate the practicality and effectiveness of the internally cooled tool model. The developed system achieved up to 13% better surface quality than with dry machining, and tool life was extended by 12%. The results clearly showed that with the reduced cutting temperature of the internal cooling, it was possible to control the temperature and thus prevent reaching the critical cutting temperature during the turning process, which is vitally important in extending tool life during the processing of Waspaloy.
Chemical Characterisation, Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activities of Pinus pinaster Ait. and Pinus pinea L. Bark Polar Extracts: Prospecting Forestry By-Products as Renewable Sources of Bioactive Compounds

Agroforestry by-products have gained rising attention in recent years as they represent inexpensive and abundant raw materials that are a source of added-value chemicals, e.g., for food and pharmaceutical applications, as well as for bioenergy generation. Pinus pinaster Ait. bark extracts are consumed worldwide for their cardiovascular benefits, whilst the health potential of Pinus pinea L. bark has not yet been deeply exploited. Therefore, this study highlights the chemical characterisation of Portuguese P. pinaster Ait. and P. pinea L. bark polar extracts, via ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-diode array detection-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-DAD-MSn) analysis, and their antioxidant and antibacterial activities. Quinic acid, an A-type procyanidin dimer isomer, protocatechuic acid, and quercetin were identified for the first time as P. pinea L. bark components. Moreover, this bark demonstrated a higher total content of identified polar compounds than P. pinaster Ait. bark, with quinic acid being the most abundant compound identified. Regarding antioxidant activity, the pine bark polar extracts exhibited strong reducing power and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2-azinobis-(3-ethyl-benzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) radical scavenging effects compared to natural antioxidants. Moreover, the bactericidal actions of pine bark extracts were shown against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli at a 3.13–25 mg mL−1 range. Globally, these promising insights can boost the sustainable exploitation of P. pinea L. bark, as already occurs with P. pinaster Ait. bark, for the food and biomedical fields.
Characterization of structure and air permeability of aromatherapic terry textile

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate the physical properties of smart aromatherapic ramie/cotton terry fabrics containing microcapsules (MC) with essential Eucalyptus oil. Design/methodology/approach – Terry fabrics are manufactured by changing the weft density. The air permeability is determined for grey and microencapsulated textile. The factorial designs are made. For informative experiment the linear type of regression is analysed. Development of physical properties of microencapsulated terry fabrics is discussed. Findings – The air permeability of aromatherapic terry fabrics is determined. All statistical analysis is performed. Appropriate conclusions about the influence of fabric’s structure and microencapsulating process on terry fabric quality are made. Originality/value – To date there are no investigations concerning terry textiles with fragrance MC. This study developed analysis and empiric mathematical equations suitable for evaluating and designing terry fabrics with the air .
The determination of cognitive-behavioral features of bus and truck drivers during road accidents in 2013-2014

Background and Objectives: Vehicles are the symbol of civilization and driving considered as a necessary activity among different daily life activities such as working, social life and entertainment. The aim of the present study was to determination of cognitive-behavioral features of bus and truck drivers during road accidents. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 800 drivers were investigated. subjects selected by convenient sampling methods among drivers referred to the Tehran Imam Sajad hospital in order to doing addiction test, in 2013 to 2014. Structured interviews was used to assess the mental health of drivers. Non-parametric test (Mann-Whitney U) and multivariate analysis were used to data analyze. Results: The mean age (standard deviation) of drivers was 46.5(11.44). The results showed that There is statistical significan between mean scores of depression and drivers who have or not history of accidents (p Conclusion: Driving behaviors and occurrence of traffic crashes affected by some mental disorders. Given the importance and sensitivity of driving behaviors on the crash, it is essential to do comprehensive psychological assessments among drivers before and after giving driver's license. Language: en
Determination of nitrogen mineralization in an open dumpsite soil treated with poultry manure in Anyigba, Nigeria.

Nitrogen mineralization is the process of conversion of organic nitrogen to a useful form for plant use. A pot experiment was conducted at Soil and Environmental Management Department of Kogi State University Anyigba to determine nitrogen's mineralization rate in an open dumpsite soil treated with organic manure. About 1.6kg of soil sample was collected from Fallow land where no fertilizer history has been recorded and at three different dumpsite soil (Ate-Iji dumpsite (DS1), Ijebu-Ode dumpsite (DS2) and Iyale road dumpsite (DS3) ) in Anyigba at a depth of 0-15cm and was put inside a pot, which was replicated three times. The spacing between pots was 8m×5m range in completely randomized design (CRD). The soil's physicochemical properties were determined, 20g of poultry manure was added to each pot at a constant rate excluding the control pots (fallow land soil). The soil was stirred, and water was added at regular interval. The mineralization rate of nitrogen was determined after 14days, 28days and 56 days of treatment application. Nitrate (NO3-N), ammonium (NH4+–N) and nitrite (NO2-N) was calculated from total nitrogen. The data was analyzed, and treatments mean separated using Least Significant Difference (LSD). Poultry manure had a significant influence on the mineralization rate of nitrogen. DS3 soil gave the highest mineralization values for all the nitrogen forms. Highest values of 184.5mg/kg of NH4+ was recorded after 14days of mineralization in DS3 soil, while the highest value of 470.8mg/kg of NO2 -was recorded after 14days of mineralization in DS3 soil and the highest value of 634.5mg/kg of NO3- was recorded after 14days of mineralization compared to other dumpsite soil. The fallow land which serves as control gave the lowest mineralization values for all the nitrogen forms, and this indicated that organic manure has a greater impact in nitrogen mineralization in soil when applied to the soil within 28 days
Onboarding Salespeople: Socialization Approaches

The effective training of salespeople is crucial to a firm's success; there is arguably no more critical type of training than a salesperson's onboarding. In this study, the authors leverage a natural field experiment in which a firm's newly hired salespeople can undergo onboarding through either a decentralized program or a centralized program to examine the relative impact of each program. Drawing on organizational socialization theory, the authors consider whether an onboarding program that incorporates both individualized and institutionalized socialization tactics (the decentralized program) can develop salespeople into higher performers by encouraging them to take a more innovative and adaptive approach to different facets of the sales role. The findings reveal that salespeople who underwent the decentralized program achieved approximately 23.5% higher sales performance than those who underwent the centralized program. The performance benefits of the decentralized program were amplified for salespeople whose managers had a narrower span of control. In addition, these performance benefits were appreciable for those salespeople transitioning from another job but negligible for those transitioning from school. A scenario-based experiment enriches the field experiment's findings by showing evidence of the theorized mechanism underlying the sales performance benefits observed: the fostering of an innovative role orientation.
“Grieving someone who’s still alive, that’s hard”: the experiences of non-offending partners of individuals who have sexually offended – an IPA study

ABSTRACT The non-offending partners (NOPs) of individuals who have committed sexual offences face significant repercussions following the discovery of their partner’s crimes. However, NOPs support needs have typically been overlooked, with priority instead placed on equipping NOPs with the skills to monitor their partner’s behaviour and/or protect their children from sexual abuse. The present study used Interpretive Phenomenological Analysis to qualitatively explore the accounts of women whose partners had committed a sexual offence (n = 9). Results highlighted that NOPs experience multiple losses, trauma, and dramatic shifts in their identities and cognitions following the discovery of their partner’s crimes via a “knock on the door” from the police. The findings highlight NOPs post-discovery support needs and have implications for professionals and agencies working with NOPs. PRACTICE IMPACT STATEMENT These findings indicate that the non-offending partners (NOPs) of those who sexually offend experience disenfranchised grief, trauma symptomology, social isolation, and shifts in identity and cognition following the discovery of their partner’s offence. NOPs are a population in need of clinical intervention, and a greater provision of support services are urgently needed to help NOPs cope with the ongoing devastation discovery wreaks on their lives. We hope this research bolsters understanding of NOPs experiences and contributes to a shift in conceptualising NOPs as secondary victims of their partner’s crimes, who are deserving of support and compassion.
Prevalence and Factors Associated with Burnout Syndrome among Resident Doctors at Tertiary Teaching Hospitals in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania

Introduction: Burnout syndrome is prevalent to a great extent among medical residents, and this can interfere with their training and patient management. However, the extent of the problem is still unknown in our setting. This study therefore aimed at determining prevalence and factors associated with burnout syndrome among resident doctors at tertiary teaching hospitals in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Method: A cross-sectional study of resident doctors was carried out in four teaching hospitals of Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences between January 2021 and March 2021. Participants were interviewed using a structured questionnaire and Maslach Burnout Inventory. Results: The study had 398 participants with a mean age of 35 ± 3.5 years. Overall burnout prevalence was 33.7%, as for the burnout dimensions, 205 (51.5%) respondents reported burnout in the dimension of emotional exhaustion (EE), 177 (44.5%) in the dimension of depersonalization (D), and 144 (36.2%) in the dimension of reduced personal accomplishment (RPA). Independent factors associated with burnout syndrome were: inadequate support from residency program supervisors (Odds Ratio (OR) 1.97, 95% CI: 1.23 3.14, p = 0.005), work-related family conflicts (Odds Ratio (OR) 3.2, 95% CI: 1.35 7.71, p = 0.008), stressful call perception (Odds Ratio (OR) 3.31, 95% CI: 1.90 5.76, p = 0.001) and each added year of study (Odds Ratio (OR) 3.46, 95% CI: 1.08 6.73, p = 0.009). Conclusion: Burnout is a problem among resident doctors in Tanzania. This could be addressed by directing preventive and intervention measures in the residency training proHow to cite this paper: Lugazia, E.R. , Sway, H.C. , Boniface, R.L. and Abdullah, A. (2022) Prevalence and Factors Associated with Burnout Syndrome among Resident Doctors at Tertiary Teaching Hospitals in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. International Journal of Clinical Medicine, 13, 36-49. https://doi.org/10.4236/ijcm.2022. 131003 Received: December 6, 2021 Accepted: January 11, 2022 Published: January 14, 2022 Copyright © 2022 by author(s) and Scientific Research Publishing Inc. This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution International License (CC BY 4.0). http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Open Access E. R. Lugazia et al. DOI: 10.4236/ijcm.2022. 131003 37 International Journal of Clinical Medicine gram. Periodic assessment is also needed to mitigate factors associated with burnout among resident doctors.
Resistance to Leaf and Yellow Rust in a Collection of Spanish Bread Wheat Landraces and Association with Ecogeographical Variables

A collection of 84 bread wheat Spanish landraces were inoculated with three isolates of leaf rust and one of yellow rust at the seedling stage in controlled conditions. The latency period of leaf rust on the susceptible landraces was also assessed. An extended collection of 149 landraces was planted in three locations in field trials to evaluate the naturally occurring leaf and yellow rust severity. Several landraces (36) were resistant to one leaf rust isolate at the seedling stage, but only one was resistant to all three isolates. Landraces resistant to PG14 leaf rust isolate originated from areas with higher precipitation and more uniform temperatures. Many resistant landraces were from the north-west zone of Spain, a region with high precipitation and uniform temperatures. Results from the field trials also confirmed this trend. Landraces from the north-west also possessed a longer latency period of leaf rust, an important component of partial resistance. Regarding yellow rust, 16 landraces showed a lower disease severity in the seedling tests. Again, the resistant landraces mostly originated from areas with higher precipitation (especially in winter) and more uniform temperature.