Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Police officers' experiences of policing domestic violence in the Western Cape Province

Domestic violence is one of the most prevalent forms of violence that police officials encounter on a daily basis. The effects of domestic violence are far-reaching and long-lasting. Globally, the police function as “gatekeepers” in terms of domestic violence victims’ access to the criminal justice system. Intervening in domestic violence has become a controversial process, as domestic violence is a very complex issue, which has been compounded by misunderstandings, stereotyping and myths. Since 1998, police officials in the South African Police Service (SAPS) are expected to promote redress and prevent crimes against women and children through multifaceted approaches, including the building of trust between police officials and citizens. Research reports indicate that victims of domestic violence are hesitant to approach SAPS for assistance, for various reasons. Police officers’ personal experiences of policing domestic violence are however largely unexplored. Consequently, the goal of this research was to gain insight into the experiences and perceptions of frontline police officials, who have to provide maximum protection to victims of domestic abuse in terms of the Domestic Violence Act 116 of 1998. To achieve the goal and objectives of the study, a combination approach was followed, in which the qualitative research approach dominated and the quantitative approach was applied to a lesser degree. An exploratory study guided by a literature review and a phenomenological approach was conducted at seven (7) police stations in the Western Cape Province. Twenty-eight (28) frontline police officials’ subjective experiences and perceptions of their policing of domestic violence were determined through in-depth interviews based on a questionnaire. Data were analysed by means of thematic analysis, and presented as narratives focusing on four major themes relating to the phenomenon under investigation. The conclusions drawn from the study indicated that the pervasive police culture, lack of insight by some police officials, and their continuous adherence to an Stellenbosch University http://scholar.sun.ac.za
Identification of shared tumor epitopes from endogenous retroviruses inducing high-avidity cytotoxic T cells for cancer immunotherapy

Human endogenous retroviruses (HERVs) represent 8% of the human genome. HERV products may represent tumor antigens relevant for cancer immunotherapy. We developed a bioinformatic approach to identify shared CD8+ T cell epitopes derived from cancer-associated HERVs in solid tumors. Six candidates among the most commonly shared HLA-A2 epitopes with evidence of translation were selected for immunological evaluation. In vitro priming assays confirmed the immunogenicity of these epitopes, which induced high-avidity CD8+ T cell clones. These T cells specifically recognize and kill HLA-A2+ tumor cells presenting HERV epitopes on HLA molecules, as demonstrated by mass spectrometry. Furthermore, epitope-specific CD8+ T cells were identified by dextramer staining among tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes from HLA-A2+ patients with breast cancer. Last, we showed that HERV-specific T cells lyse patient-derived organoids. These shared virus-like epitopes are of major interest for the development of cancer vaccines or T cell–based immunotherapies, especially in tumors with low/intermediate mutational burden.
Assessing groundwater access by trees growing above contaminated groundwater plumes originating from gold tailings storage facilities

____________________________________________________________________________ i DECLARATION ________________________________________________________________________ ix ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS _________________________________________________________________ x TABLES ____________________________________________________________________________ 4 FIGURES ____________________________________________________________________________ 6 CHAPTER 1. GENERAL INTRODUCTION 9 1.1 Research problem 9 1.2 Research strategy 13 1.3 Aimsand objectives 14 1.4 Hypotheses 17 1.5 Reporting structure 17 CHAPTER 2. TREE SPECIES SELECTION AND STUDY AREAS 19 2.
Department of Economics- FEA/USP

We estimate the urban wage premium for the Brazilian case, exploring how it is heterogeneous for workers/occupations with distinct skills. Every worker/occupation was assigned a level of cognitive, social and motor skills. Using a rich database matching firms and workers, we replicate the wage premium results of other studies. However, we were able to show that the wage premium does not affect equally all occupations/workers. We found a positive association between cognitive and social skills and urban size, especially for workers/occupations that use intensively those skills, and a less intense or non-significant effect for motor skills. Returns to cognitive skills are positive across the whole range or urban sizes, but returns to social skills are only present in large urban agglomerations. Furthermore, interactions of social and cognitive skills inflate the skill wage premium associated with urban size.
Demand reduction and preemptive bidding in multi-unit license

Multi-unit ascending auctions allow for equilibria in which bidders strategically reduce their demand and split the market at low prices. At the same time, they allow for preemptive bidding by incumbent bidders in a coordinated attempt to exclude entrants from the market. We consider an environment where both demand reduction and preemptive bidding are supported as equilibrium phenomena of the ascending auction. In a series of experiments, we compare its performance to that of the discriminatory auction. Strategic demand reduction is quite prevalent in the ascending auction even when entry imposes a (large) negative externality on incumbents. As a result, the ascending auction performs worse than the discriminatory auction both in terms of revenue and e¢ ciency, while entrantschances are similar across the two formats. JEL classi cation: D44, D45, C91 Keywords: Multi-license auctions, demand reduction, external e¤ects, preemption Goeree: Division of the Humanities and Social Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Mail code 22877, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA. O¤erman and Sloof: Department of Economics, University of Amsterdam, Roetersstraat 11, 1018 WB Amsterdam, The Netherlands. We gratefully acknowledge nancial support from the National Science Foundation (SBR-0098400), the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation, the Dutch Royal Academy of Sciences (KNAW) and the Dutch National Science Foundation (NWO-VICI 453.03.606). We are grateful for the helpful comments of three anonymous referees and the editor. We thank CREED programmer Jos Theelen for programming the experiment.
Radio Echo-Sounding of Spitsbergen Glaciers: Problems in the Interpretation of Layer and Bottom Returns

Abstract Airborne radio echo-sounding of Spitsbergen glaciers during 1980 used 60 MHz SPR1 Mk IV equipment. On several glaciers results showed unambiguous bottom returns at depths 2–3 times those reported in previous Soviet echo-sounding at 440 and 620 MHz. Comparison of 60 MHZ records and independent gravity-surveyed ice thickness for two glaciers agreed to within 10%, whereas Soviet ice thicknesses were only 30–60% of gravity depths. Soviet bed echoes often coincided closely with an internal reflecting horizon recorded by the SPRI Mk IV system, and it is shown that Soviet U.H. F. equipment failed to penetrate to the true glacier bed on a number of ice masses (e.g. Finsterwalderbreen, Kongsvegen, Negribreen). This was probably due to increased absorption and scattering at higher radio frequencies, related to the inhomogeneous nature of Spitsbergen glaciers, which are often at or near the pressure-melting point. Both 60 MHz and U.H. F. equipment seldom recorded bed echoes in ice-cap accumulation areas (e.g. Isachsenfonna), where firn soaking during summer and 10 m temperatures of zero degrees have been observed. An isolated internal reflecting horizon was recorded on many glaciers. It is unlikely to be a moraine layer, but may be related to ice with a water content of 1–2% observed at a similar depth (115 m) in a drill core from Fridtjovbreen.
Health Communication: Lessons from Family Planning and Reproductive Health

Rapid growth of communication media and enhanced understanding of communication processes have enabled the application of systematic communication strategies to programs to improve health behavior. This book based on the experiences of the Population Communication Services (PCS) of the Center for Communication Programs of the Johns Hopkins School of Public Health focuses on the theory and practice of family planning communication. Since 1982 PCS has worked with governments nongovernmental organizations and commercial firms in more than 50 developing countries in the design implementation and evaluation of family planning communication programs. The books chapters cover the process of developing communication programs aimed at increasing use of family planning theoretical models of individual behavioral change that guide program design each phase of communication program development from research through evaluation and challenges that lie ahead for reproductive health communication programs in the 21st century. Lessons presented in the book are illustrated with case examples and empirical data from developing countries.
Influence of dietary supplementation of autolyzed whole yeast and yeast cell wall products on broiler chickens 1 2 3

30 Objective: This study evaluated the effect of yeast products on growth performance, visceral organ weights, 31 endogenous enzyme activities, ileal nutrient digestibility and meat yield of broiler chickens fed diets containing 32 autolyzed whole yeast (WY) and yeast cell walls (YCW) at varying levels of inclusion. 33 Methods: Nine dietary treatments consisting of WY or YCW included at 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 or 2.0 g/kg diet and a control 34 diet without yeast supplementation was used in the experiment. Each of the nine treatments was replicated six times 35 with nine birds per replicate. Birds were housed in cages, in climate-controlled rooms and fed starter, grower and 36 finisher diets. 37 Results: There was an improvement (p<0.05) in body weight gain (BWG) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) on d 10, 38 24 and 35 for birds fed 1.0-2.0 g/kg WY or YCW diet. Small intestine weight was heavier on d 10 and 24 for birds 39 on higher levels of WY and YCW compare to the control group. On d 10 and 24, there was a significant increase 40 (p<0.05) in tissue protein content and pancreatic enzyme activities (trypsin and chymotrypsin) of birds on 1.5-2.0 41 g/kg WY and YCW diets compared to the control group. Compared to the control group, birds on WY (2.0 g/kg diet) 42 and YCW (at 1.5 and 2.0 g/kg diet) had better (p<0.05) protein digestibility on d 24. On d 35, there was significant 43 improvement (p<0.05) in percentage of carcass, absolute and relative breast weight for broiler chickens fed WY and 44 YCW mostly at 2 g/kg diet compared to birds on the control diet. 45 Conclusion: Supplementation of diets with autolyzed WY and YCW products especially at 1.5-2.0 g/kg diet 46 improved broiler chicken performance and meat yield through their positive effects on ileal protein digestibility and 47 pancreatic enzyme activities. 48
Performance and organoleptic qualities of broiler chickens fed and raised with varying levels of ginger and garlic mixture

An experiment to assess the performance and organoleptic qualities of broiler chickens fed varying levels of ginger and garlic mixture was conducted in the Poultry Unit and Meat science and Technology laboratory of the Department of Animal Science Ambrose Alli University, Ekpoma, Edo State. A total of 120 day old (Anak 2000) broiler chickens were used for the experiment. Thirty chicks were randomly selected to each of the four treatment diets with diet 1 being the control and diet 2 contained 1% ginger and garlic mixture, diet 3 contained 1.5% ginger and garlic mixture while diet 4 contained 2% ginger and garlic mixture. Each treatment group contained three replicate with ten birds per replicate and were assigned to the four treatment diets in a completely randomized design (CRD). The result on the performance at the starter phase showed that weekly feed intake, weekly weight gain and feed conversion ratio were significantly (P<0.05) highest among birds fed the control(1.25 kg, 0.93 kg and 1.42) comparable to those on 2% ginger and garlic mixture on weekly weight gain alone (0.94 kg)while at finisher phase, final live weight, daily and weekly feed intake, weekly weight gain were significantly (P<0.05) highest among birds fed 2% ginger and garlic mixture 2.64 kg, 0.80 kg and 2.33 kg, 1.18 kg respectively. Feed conversion ratio was higher significantly (P<0.05) in those placed on 1% ginger and garlic mixture (2.24). No mortality was recorded in both phases. All the organoleptic qualities assayed in this study were significantly (P<0.05) higher among the chicken thighs processed with 1.5% ginger and garlic mixture. It is concluded therefore that the inclusion of ginger and garlic mixture (GGM) in the diet of broiler chickens up to 2.0% as supplement enhanced the growth performance of the birds and processing the primal cut with 1.5% of the mixture improved the organoleptic quality of the broiler chicken.
Page Proof Instructions and Queries

Although studies have signaled a gap in trade union representation between workers with secure employment (i.e., ‘insiders’) and those without (i.e., ‘outsiders’), this gap has rarely been empirically analyzed at the micro-level. With recent micro-level data from the Netherlands, this study addresses two questions. First, to what extent do insiders and outsiders, measured through individuals’ employment status and self-perceived social risk, differ in their willingness/probability to join trade unions? Second, to what extent can these differences in trade union membership be explained as resulting from perceptions of interest representation and/or workplace social cohesion? The results suggests a clear insider–outsider gap in trade union membership related to employment status, but not to social risk. Furthermore, this gap can be explained by differences in perceptions of representation, but not workplace social cohesion.
Page Proof Instructions and Queries

Objective: To add to our understanding of change processes by analyzing perpetrators’ perspectives on intervention. Method: Fourteen databases were searched and 27 articles reporting relevant qualitative findings were identified. Analytic coding was applied across the findings and discussion sections of all 27 study reports to form an interpretive account of the data set. Studies were also grouped according to their perceived theoretical standpoints, and a summary of themes in each grouping is presented. Findings: Study participants were largely positive about their experiences in intervention; new learning such as conflict interruption techniques and new communication skills were commonly cited benefits. Perpetrators attend perpetrator intervention programs with a range of motivations, ranging from a determination to change who they are, to a determination to avoid a custodial sentence. The most common barriers to change, found in this analysis, were cognitive distortions, emotional dysregulation, gendered social constructions, and self-esteem issues. Conclusion: Further qualitative investigation, of rigor, with the intention-to-treat population of intimate partner violence perpetrators involved in perpetrator programs is needed. At this point, we would venture that qualitative research, with perpetrators, underlines the precept that formidable barriers to change exist in this population. The centrality of group work to perpetrator interventions should be reconsidered in light of the complexity of the change task and in light of the heterogeneity of this population.
Page Proof Instructions and Queries

In this paper, an interdisciplinary team of economists and anthropologists study the perplexing case of Norwegian households’ heat pump ownership. The heat pump is a technology that has the potential to reduce electricity consumption by up to 25% compared to conventional electric heating, but, as we demonstrate in this study, when taken into use it results in little or no change in electricity consumption. To explain this large rebound effect, we use a quantitative economic analysis combined with qualitative interviews attuned towards examining the effect of heat pumps on people’s everyday practices. We find that, on average, households with and without a heat pump use approximately the same amount of electricity. The main sources of rebound identified was higher indoor temperature and heated living space, less firewood and fuel oil use and less use of night-set-backs or reduced temperature while away from the home.
Page Proof Instructions and Queries

Transonic centrifugal compressors with high efficiency and wide stable flow range are required in modern gas turbine engines. Blade design with complex three-dimensional features is one of the promising methods to further improve the performance of such cases. Aiming to increase the efficiency while maintaining similar level of the stable flow range, this article investigates aerodynamic potentials of complex three-dimensional features in a transonic centrifugal compressor by multi-point and multi-objective optimizations, in which the camber curves, the sweep feature, and the lean feature have been optimized. During the first round of optimizations, the aforementioned three groups of variables are optimized individually, and their sensitivities to the performance have been analyzed. When optimizing the camber curves, the best result shows an end-bend feature at the front of the hub section, and the efficiency is improved by 1.0% due to the lowered shock strength. When optimizing the sweep feature, the best result presents an S-shape leading edge and a forward sweep feature. The efficiency is increased by 0.5% because of the reduced wake region. The optimized lean feature only improves the efficiency by 0.2%, which shows its relatively low potential. The final round of optimizations couples both the camber curves and the sweep feature, and the best geometry combines both the end-bend and S-shape leading edge patterns. The peak efficiency and the choke mass flow rate have been increased by 2.2% and 8.1%, respectively, which is owing to the combination of the lowered shock strength by optimized camber curves and the reduced wake region by optimized sweep feature. The result indicates significant potential of complex three-dimensional features to improve the performance of transonic centrifugal compressors.
Flowering plants, dicotyledons : magnoliid, hamamelid and caryophyllid families

to Centrospermae. - A Chemosystematic Overview of Magnoliidae, Ranunculidae, Caryophyllidae and Hamamelidae. - General References. - Achatocarpaceae. - Aizoaceae. - Amaranthaceae. - Amborellaceae. - Annonaceae. - Aristolochiaceae. - Austrobaileyaceae. - Barbeyaceae. - Basellaceae. - Berberidaceae. - Betulaceae. - Cabombaceae. - Cactaceae. - Calycanthaceae. - Canellaceae. - Cannabaceae. - Caryophyllaceae. - Casuarinaceae. - Cecropiaceae. - Ceratophyllaceae. - Cercidiphyllaceae. - Chenopodiaceae. - Chloranthaceae. - Circaeasteraceae. - Degeneriaceae. - Didiereaceae. - Eupomatiaceae. - Eupteleaceae. - Fagaceae. - Fumariaceae. - Gomortegaceae. - Halophytaceae. - Hamamelidaceae. - Hectorellaceae. - Hernandiaceae. - Himantandraceae. - Hydnoraceae. - Illiciaceae. - Juglandaceae. - Lactoridaceae. - Lardizabalaceae. - Lauraceae. - Magnoliaceae. - Menispermaceae. - Molluginaceae. - Monimiaceae. - Moraceae. - Myricaceae. - Myristicaceae. - Myrothamnaceae. - Nelumbonaceae. - Nyctaginaceae. - Nymphaeaceae. - Papaveraceae. - Phytolaccaceae. - Piperaceae. - Platanaceae. - Plumbaginaceae. - Polygonaceae. - Portulacaceae. - Pteridophyllaceae. - Rafflesiaceae. - Ranunculaceae. - Rhoipteleaceae. - Saururaceae. - Schisandraceae. - Stegnospermaceae. - Ticodendraceae. - Trimeniaceae. - Trochodendraceae. - Ulmaceae. - Urticaceae. - Winteraceae. - Index of Scientific Names.
Laboratory Study of Wind Effect on Runup over Fringing Reefs. Report 1. Data Report

Abstract : The report describes experimental data obtained from a wind-wave flume study conducted August-September 2006 at the University of Michigan in Ann Arbor, MI. The study objectives were two-fold: to quantify wind effects on wave runup on fringing reefs of the Pacific Island of Guam and to obtain detailed wave data along a complex reef system consisting of steep slopes and shallow areas for validating wave breaking, dissipation, wave setup and runup capabilities of a Boussinesq-type wave model. An idealized 1:64 model of a two dimensional fringing reef, representative of the reef systems along the southeast coast of island of Guam, was built in the flume. The reef cross-sectional profile consisted of a beach, a flat and wide reef section, and a reef face with composite slope. The reef profile was built from a relatively smooth and impervious plastic material (polyvinyl chloride). The wind generator and wavemaker mechanisms were located at opposite ends of the test flume. The reef cross-sectional profile consisted of a beach, a flat and wide reef section, and a reef face with composite slope. The reef profile was built from a relatively smooth and impervious plastic material (polyvinyl chloride). The wind generator and wavemaker mechanisms were located at opposite ends of the test flume. Eleven probes (gauges) collected time series surface elevation and wind speed data. Tests were performed without wind (waves-only), with wind-only, and with both waves and wind together. Data obtained in this study will be used in the calibration of numerical models to estimate wave setup and runup affecting the flooding of Pacific islands. This data report describes the experiment and data. Subsequent reports are expected to address the analyses and use of data and numerical modeling studies. General features of the experiment are summarized in the report, including description of test facility, instrumentation, test conditions, and preliminary results.
The Tax Burden on Banks Over the Period 2006-2014

Following the establishment of the Single Supervisory Mechanism (SSM), concerns about having a level playing field become more important due to the heterogeneity in bank taxation rules across Europe: measuring the tax burden can provide a first rough measure of the extent of heterogeneity across countries. After a review of the main differences in banks taxation between Italy, France, Germany, Spain and the UK, the paper provides estimates for the tax burden and deferred tax assets in these countries over the years 2006-2014; the impact of differences in taxation on bank profitability is also examined. Moreover, the paper carries out a more in-depth analysis of Italian banks by considering both individual balance sheet data and aggregate tax return data. The impact of tax measures on financial stability and on profitability is further analysed. The comparative analysis points to a wide heterogeneity across countries in the tax treatment of the banking sector. This suggests that it would be advantageous to explore possible ways to make the tax systems of the countries participating in the SSM more homogeneous; a first step could be to harmonize tax bases.