Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Four Techniques to Administer Laryngeal Mask Airway

Background: Laryngeal mask airway (LMA) plays a crucial role in the field of modern anesthesia. There are different techniques to administer LMA. Here we aimed to compare the four methods of standard, 90° rotation, 180° rotation, and thumb placement in LMA mast placement. Materials and Methods: This is a clinical trial that was performed on 257 candidates of elective surgical operations requiring general anesthesia. All patients were categorized into four groups of LMA placement with index finger (standard method), mask placement with 90° rotation, 180° rotation method, and thumb finger group. We collected data regarding the success rates of LMA placement, the need for any manipulation when placing the mask, LMA placement time, failure of mask placement, presence of blood on the LMA, and laryngospasm and sore throats 1 hour after surgery in patients. Results: The 90° rotation method had a significantly higher first attempt success rate than that in the other three methods (98.4%, P = 0.02). Total success rate in 90° rotation method was also significantly higher than the other techniques (100%, P < 0.001). The need for any manipulation when placing the mask (1.6%, P = 0.01), presence of blood on the LMA mask (1.6%, P = 0.33), and frequency of sore throats 1 hour after surgery (21.9%, P = 0.14) were also lower in 90° rotation method than that in the other methods. Conclusion: The 90° rotation method had significantly higher success rate and lower failure rate regarding the mask placement compared to other three methods.
Disinfection of anaerobic/aerobic sanitary effluent using ozone: Formaldehyde formation

The scarcity of natural resources supports the perspective of reusing treated effluents, mainly in agriculture, where the reduction in the demand of drinking water and the provision of alternative sources for nutrients are important. However, the process of disinfection, essential to the protection of human health, generates deleterious by‐products to both humans and the environment. This research aimed to evaluate the use of ozone as a disinfectant for wastewater treated by anaerobic/aerobic baffled reactor for later agricultural reuse. Disinfection tests were conducted by applying ozone, in batch, with applied dosages of 5, 8, and 10 mg O3/L and contact time of 7 min. All the tests led to formaldehyde formation, therefore within the standard suggested by the World Health Organization. For the indicators total coliforms and Escherichia coli, the ozone was considered effective, satisfying the criteria for agricultural reuse according to the World Health Organization of a dosage of 8 mg O3/L.
Efficient Data Dissemination Strategy for UAV in UAV-Assisted VANETs

With development of emerging intelligent transportation systems (ITSs), unmanned aerial vehicles (UVAs) are gaining growing attention to achieve UAV-assisted VANETs for improving performance of data dissemination. However, in UAV-assisted VANETs, the performance of data dissemination can be significantly compromised by the limited bandwidth resource of UAVs. In this paper, we propose a scheduling strategy to provide efficient data dissemination. In particular, first, we take into account a scenario with either unavailable or overloaded infrastructure, where a UAV is employed to provide data dissemination. Furthermore, considering the limited bandwidth resource of the UAV, we formulate a coding-based cooperative caching data dissemination (C3D2) problem which makes use of the cooperative effect between network coding and vehicular caching with the objective of maximizing the bandwidth efficiency of UAVs. Meanwhile, the NP-hardness of the C3D2 problem is proved by constructing a polynomial time reduction from the simultaneous matrix completion problem. Based on the effectiveness of the binary particle swarm optimization (BPSO) framework in solving the complex problems, we propose a BPSO-based cooperative caching scheduling (BPSO_C2S) algorithm consisting of a series of strategies, such as particle representation, particle evaluation, particle update and infeasible solution amendment. In addition, we analyze the computational complexity of the BPSO_C2S. Finally, we build the simulation model and give a comprehensive performance evaluation through the real-world map and taxi trajectories. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed solution.
Argument placement in Swedish

This paper gives an overview of the Swedish data on argument placement in the Nordic Word Order Database (NWD; Lundquist et al. 2019). The data were collected from 54 native speakers in three different locations, and the experimental task elicited argument placement (subject shift, object shift, long object shift, particle shift). The results confirm that there is considerable inter- and intra-speaker variation in argument placement in Swedish, with the exception of the order between arguments and particles. Whereas subject shift appears to be obligatory with pronouns, there is variability in the placement of NP subjects, which cannot fully be explained with information structural factors. Long object shift is frequent with reflexives, whereas only a few speakers produce a small number of instances of long object shift with personal pronouns. Regular object shift is frequent, but not obligatory. We cannot observe any effects of dialect area or age in the dataset.
Heptadecanoic Acid Is Not a Key Mediator in the Prevention of Diet-Induced Hepatic Steatosis and Insulin Resistance in Mice

Epidemiological studies found that the intake of dairy products is associated with an increased amount of circulating odd-chain fatty acids (OCFA, C15:0 and C17:0) in humans and further indicate that especially C17:0 is associated with a lower incidence of type 2 diabetes. However, causal relationships are not elucidated. To provide a mechanistic link, mice were fed high-fat (HF) diets supplemented with either milk fat or C17:0 for 20 weeks. Cultured primary mouse hepatocytes were used to distinguish differential effects mediated by C15:0 or C17:0. Despite an induction of OCFA after both dietary interventions, neither long-term milk fat intake nor C17:0 supplementation improved diet-induced hepatic lipid accumulation and insulin resistance in mice. HF feeding with milk fat actually deteriorates liver inflammation. Treatment of primary hepatocytes with C15:0 and C17:0 suppressed JAK2/STAT3 signaling, but only C15:0 enhanced insulin-stimulated phosphorylation of AKT. Overall, the data indicate that the intake of milk fat and C17:0 do not mediate health benefits, whereas C15:0 might be promising in further studies.
Reliable low‐power high‐performance low‐temperature polycrystalline thin‐film transistor technologies in bottom gate‐controlled device architectures for AMOLED displays

This paper presents a recent process for bottom gate‐controlled low‐temperature polysilicon (LTPS) TFT technologies for reliable low‐power high‐performance AMOLED displays. The experimental and physics‐based analysis leads to the pragmatic device design concept for LTPS TFT performance enhancement. The process integration of bottom (second) gate and top (first) gate metals, controlled by optimal two gates‐based device structures, is explored in conjunction with improved poly crystallization and poly‐Si/gate‐oxide interface by reducing defect density‐of‐state (DOS), especially in the grain boundaries of the channel region. We obtain optimal device performance, such as optimal sub‐threshold slope, high driver current (Ion), and low leakage current (Ioff), in addition to enhanced device reliability characteristics. Numerical device simulations, supplemented by physics‐based analysis, are performed to corroborate experimental results in fabricated TFTs and gain more physical insight into the bottom‐gate LTPS device configuration to enable reliable low‐power high‐performance AMOLED display applications.
Correlation Analysis between Dance Experience and Smoothness of Dance Movement by Using Three Jerk-Based Quantitative Methods

The jerk-based quantitative method was first introduced for explaining the process and prediction of hand movement in space early on, and it was based on the principle that the maximum smoothness theory could be predicted by a bell-shaped velocity curve and straight line trajectory, which were the scales for assessing dynamic optimization by using kinematic end-point trajectory (Flash & Hogan, 1985). The jerk theory involved a method for calculating the jerk cost at the early stage. The jerk cost was calculated by differentiating the position coordinates during motor performance three times with respect to time (Schneider & Zernicke, 1989). Many researchers in the field of kinematics discovered through the jerk theory that a skilled individual moved his or her arms as smoothly as possible, which was based on the minimum-jerk hypothesis that states that the intensity of jerk decreased in more skilled motor performance. Moreover, the smoothness was quantitatively measured by integrated squared jerk (Platz, Denzler, Kaden, & Mauritz, 1994). In other words, from a kinematic perspective, this represented a concept that the integral KJSB Korean Journal of Sport Biomechanics 2016; 26(1): 1-9 http://dx.doi. org/10.5103/KJSB.2016. 26.1. 1 http://e-kjsb.org eISSN 2093-9752 ORIGINAL
Effect of Lacking ZKSCAN3 on Autophagy, Lysosomal Biogenesis and Senescence

Transcription factors can affect autophagy activity by promoting or inhibiting the expression of autophagic and lysosomal genes. As a member of the zinc finger family DNA-binding proteins, ZKSCAN3 has been reported to function as a transcriptional repressor of autophagy, silencing of which can induce autophagy and promote lysosomal biogenesis in cancer cells. However, studies in Zkscan3 knockout mice showed that the deficiency of ZKSCAN3 did not induce autophagy or increase lysosomal biogenesis. In order to further explore the role of ZKSCAN3 in the transcriptional regulation of autophagic genes in human cancer and non-cancer cells, we generated ZKSCAN3 knockout HK-2 (non-cancer) and Hela (cancer) cells via the CRISPR/Cas9 system and analyzed the differences in gene expression between ZKSCAN3 deleted cells and non-deleted cells through fluorescence quantitative PCR, western blot and transcriptome sequencing, with special attention to the differences in expression of autophagic and lysosomal genes. We found that ZKSCAN3 may be a cancer-related gene involved in cancer progression, but not an essential transcriptional repressor of autophagic or lysosomal genes, as the lacking of ZKSCAN3 cannot significantly promote the expression of autophagic and lysosomal genes.
Antimicrobial Activity Test of Bitter Melon (Momordica charantia L.) Plant Extract Against Staphylococcus epidermidis, Escherichia coli Bacteria and Candida albicans

Bitter gourd (Momordica charantia L.) contains secondary metabolites of flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins, and steroids that act as antimicrobials. This study aimed to determine the antimicrobial activity of bitter melon (Momordica charantia L.) plant extract in N-hexane and ethanol solvents against Staphylococcus epidermidis, Escherichia coli, and Candida albicans. This research is an experimental laboratory study, namely the antimicrobial activity test of bitter melon plant extract on the growth of test bacteria using the agar diffusion method. The study's experimental design used a Completely Randomized Design with three repetitions at three concentration variations, namely 30%, 45%, and 60%. Then phytochemical screening was carried out to determine the active compounds in the bitter melon plant extract. Data on the inhibitory power of bitter melon plant extract were analyzed qualitatively, and the differences between concentrations were seen using the ANOVA (Analysis of variance) test. The results showed that bitter melon (Momordica charantia L.) plant extract in ethanol solvent showed activity against the growth of Staphylococcus epidermidis, Escherichia coli bacteria with a concentration of 60%, producing a powerful inhibition zone.
Efficacy of Periodontal Endoscopy during Subgingival Debridement to Treat Periodontitis: A Systematic Review of Randomized Clinical Trials

This study aims to evaluate the clinical efficacy of periodontal endoscopy (PEND) during subgingival debridement to treat periodontitis. A systematic review of randomized clinical trials (RCTs) was performed. The search strategy included four databases: PubMed, Web of Sciences, Scopus, and Scielo. The initial online exploration generated 228 reports, and 3 RCTs met the selection criteria. These RCTs described a statistically significant decrease in probing depth (PD) in the PEND group compared to controls after 6 and 12 months of follow-up. The improvement in PD was 2.5 mm for PEND and 1.8 mm for the control groups, respectively (p < 0.05). It was also described that the PEND group presented a significantly inferior proportion of PD 7 to 9 mm at 12 months (0.5%) as compared to the control group (1.84%) (p = 0.03). All RCTs noted improvements in clinical attachment level (CAL). It was described as having significant differences in bleeding on probing (BOP) in favor of PEND, with an average reduction of 43% versus 21% in the control groups. Similarly, it was also presented that they were significant differences in plaque indices in favor of PEND. PEND during subgingival debridement to treat periodontitis demonstrated efficacy in reducing PD. Improvement was also observed in CAL and BOP.
LARGE-TIME APPROXIMATION OF A SOLUTION TO A REACTION-DIFFUSION SYSTEM WITH A BALANCE LAW BY ITS SPATIAL AVERAGE

Abstract . A reaction-diffusion system which has a balance law is studied. Homogeneous Neumann boundary conditions are imposed. When a nonnegative global solution uniformly converges to a steady state with a polynomial rate as time goes to infinity, it is proved that the spatial average of the solution to the system describes a large-time approximation of the solution itself with an exponential rate being sharper than those obtained before. The proof is based on properties of a solution for the corresponding system of ordinary differential equations and an L°° estimate of an analytic semigroup.
Methane emissions are predominantly responsible for record-breaking atmospheric methane growth rates in 2020 and 2021

Abstract. The global atmospheric methane growth rates reported by NOAA for 2020 and 2021 are the largest since systematic measurements began in 1983. To explore the underlying reasons for these anomalous growth rates, we use newly available methane data from the Japanese Greenhouse gases Observing SATellite (GOSAT) to estimate methane surface emissions. Relative to baseline values in 2019, we find that a significant global increase in methane emissions of 27.0 ± 11.3 and 20.8 ± 11.4 Tg is needed to reproduce observed atmospheric methane in 2020 and 2021, respectively, assuming fixed climatological values for OH. We see the largest annual increases in methane emissions during 2020 over Eastern Africa (14 ± 3 Tg), tropical Asia (3 ± 4 Tg), tropical South America (5 ± 4 Tg), and temperate Eurasia (3 ± 3 Tg), and the largest reductions are observed over China (−6 ± 3 Tg) and India (−2 ± 3 Tg). We find comparable emission changes in 2021, relative to 2019, except for tropical and temperate South America where emissions increased by 9 ± 4 and 4 ± 3 Tg, respectively, and for temperate North America where emissions increased by 5 ± 2 Tg. The elevated contributions we saw in 2020 over the western half of Africa (−5 ± 3 Tg) are substantially reduced in 2021, compared to our 2019 baseline. We find statistically significant positive correlations between anomalies of tropical methane emissions and groundwater, consistent with recent studies that have highlighted a growing role for microbial sources over the tropics. Emission reductions over India and China are expected in 2020 due to the Covid-19 lockdown but continued in 2021, which we do not currently understand. To investigate the role of reduced OH concentrations during the Covid-19 lockdown in 2020 on the elevated atmospheric methane growth in 2020–2021, we extended our inversion state vector to include monthly scaling factors for OH concentrations over six latitude bands. During 2020, we find that tropospheric OH is reduced by 1.4 ± 1.7 % relative to the corresponding 2019 baseline value. The corresponding revised global growth of a posteriori methane emissions in 2020 decreased by 34 % to 17.9 ± 13.2 Tg, relative to the a posteriori value that we inferred using fixed climatological OH values, consistent with sensitivity tests using the OH climatology inversion using reduced values for OH. The counter statement is that 66 % of the global increase in atmospheric methane during 2020 was due to increased emissions, particularly from tropical regions. Regional flux differences between the joint methane–OH inversion and the OH climatology inversion in 2020 are typically much smaller than 10 %. We find that OH is reduced by a much smaller amount during 2021 than in 2020, representing about 10 % of the growth of atmospheric methane in that year. Therefore, we conclude that most of the observed increase in atmospheric methane during 2020 and 2021 is due to increased emissions, with a significant contribution from reduced levels of OH.
Magnetic Ionotropic Hydrogels Based on Carboxymethyl Cellulose for Aqueous Pollution Mitigation

In this work, stabilized ionotropic hydrogels were designed using sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and assessed as inexpensive sorbents for hazardous chemicals (e.g., Methylene Blue, MB) from contaminated wastewaters. In order to increase the adsorption capacity of the hydrogelated matrix and facilitate its magnetic separation from aqueous solutions, sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and manganese ferrite (MnFe2O4) were introduced into the polymer framework. The morphological, structural, elemental, and magnetic properties of the adsorbents (in the form of beads) were assessed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray analysis, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and a vibrating-sample magnetometer (VSM). The magnetic beads with the best adsorption performance were subjected to kinetic and isotherm studies. The PFO model best describes the adsorption kinetics. A homogeneous monolayer adsorption system was predicted by the Langmuir isotherm model, registering a maximum adsorption capacity of 234 mg/g at 300 K. The calculated thermodynamic parameter values indicated that the investigated adsorption processes were both spontaneous (ΔG < 0) and exothermic (ΔH < 0). The used sorbent can be recovered after immersion in acetone (93% desorption efficiency) and re-used for MB adsorption. In addition, the molecular docking simulations disclosed aspects of the mechanism of intermolecular interaction between CMC and MB by detailing the contributions of the van der Waals (physical) and Coulomb (electrostatic) forces.
Impact of targeted observations on HIRLAM forecasts during HyMeX‐SOP1

An adaptive observing system with terrestrial and space‐based components has been explored, with the aim of improving numerical weather prediction skill in the Mediterranean. Four Observing System Experiments based on the HIRLAM system have been conducted to test the influence of targeted observations on short‐term forecasts of high‐impact weather events over the first Special Observation Period of the HyMeX international project. Extra radiosoundings and enhanced Advanced TIROS Operational Vertical Sounder (ATOVS) satellite observations are assimilated as targeted observations, and have been added to the baseline first separately and then jointly. In general, targeted observations have a positive but small impact on the short‐term forecasts, noticeably at 700 to 500 hPa in all parameters and precipitation. Targeted radiosoundings produce a clear overall improvement of HIRLAM forecasts. Data targeting based only on satellite observations has a generally positive impact on precipitation, and in short‐term forecasts of the rest of the parameters. The assimilation of both types of extra observations produces the highest and most statistically significant improvements. The magnitude of the impact on the forecasts depends on the weather regime that determines the location of sensitive areas. According to the diagnostics obtained from the data assimilation cycle, the targeted observations had a still larger positive influence on the subsequent analyses. Extra radiosoundings and additional satellite radiances clearly improve the first‐guess quality over land and sea sensitive areas respectively.
Challenges of Treating ADHD with Comorbid Substance Use Disorder: Considerations for the Clinician

Adults with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) often present psychiatric comorbidities and, in particular, substance use disorder (SUD). ADHD-SUD comorbidity is characterized by greater severity of both disorders, earlier age of onset, higher likelihood of polydrug-abuse and suicidal behaviors, more hospitalizations, and lower treatment adherence. At the present stage, research focused on the pharmacological management of ADHD with comorbid SUD in both adolescents and adults is still lacking. Furthermore, while the short-term effects of stimulants are well studied, less is known about the chronic effects of these drugs on dopamine signaling. Current available evidence is consistent in reporting that high doses of stimulant medications in ADHD-SUD subjects have a mild to moderate efficacy on ADHD symptoms. Some data suggest that pharmacological treatment with stimulants may be beneficial for both ADHD symptoms and comorbid cocaine or amphetamine use. However, in the long run, stimulant medications may have a potential risk for misuse. For the absence of potential misuse, atomoxetine is often recommended for ADHD with comorbid cocaine or amphetamine use disorder. However, its efficacy in reducing addictive behavior is not demonstrated. In subjects with other subtypes of SUD, both atomoxetine and stimulant drugs seem to have scarce impact on addictive behavior, despite the improvement in ADHD symptomatology. In this population, ADHD treatment should be combined with SUD-specific strategies.
Temperature effects on the enhanced or deteriorated buoyancy-driven heat transfer in differentially heated enclosures filled with nanofluids

ABSTRACT A two-phase model based on the double-diffusive approach is used to perform a numerical study of natural convection in differentially heated vertical cavities filled with water-based nanofluids, assuming that Brownian diffusion and thermophoresis are the only slip mechanisms by which the solid phase can develop a significant relative velocity with respect to the liquid phase. The system of the governing equations of continuity, momentum, and energy for the nanofluid, and continuity for the nanoparticles, is solved through a computational code, which incorporates three empirical correlations for the evaluation of the effective thermal conductivity, the effective dynamic viscosity, and the thermophoretic diffusion coefficient, all based on the literature experimental data. The pressure–velocity coupling is handled using the SIMPLE-C algorithm. Numerical simulations are executed for three different nanofluids, using the diameter and the average volume fraction of the suspended nanoparticles, as well as the cavity width, the average temperature of the nanofluid, and the temperature difference imposed across the cavity, as independent variables. It is found that the heat transfer performance of the nanofluid relative to that of the base fluid increases notably with increasing the average temperature, showing a peak at an optimal particle loading. Conversely, the other controlling parameters have moderate effects.