Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
2-(4-Methoxy­styr­yl)-1-methyl­pyridinium 4-chloro­benzene­sulfonate

There are two crystallographically independent ion pairs in the asymmetric unit of the title compound, C15H16NO+·C6H4ClO3S−. Both cations adopt an E configuration with respect to the C=C bond. The dihedral angle between the pyridinium and benzene rings of the two cations are 6.0 (3) and 2.6 (2)°. In the crystal structure, independent cations and anions are individually linked into alternate layers parallel to the ab plane via weak C—H⋯O inter­actions; these layers are inter­connected through weak intra- and inter­molecular C—H⋯O inter­actions, forming a three-dimensional network. C—H⋯π inter­actions involving the benzene and pyridinium rings also help to stabilize the crystal structure.
The Time has come turn on the Cutaneous Nerve System to manage Pain

Pain remains one the main reasons why people seek medical care. Most of the nociception leading to pain is typically generated in either the musculoskeletal system or the viscera. As the brain receives nociceptive information it will create an awareness of a noxious stimuli and respond accordingly [1]. The interconnection within the functioning of the brain, the immune system, and the health of the skin has been identified within the functioning of the brain, the immune system, and the health of the skin. Cutaneous sensory stimuli are transduced in the periphery by specialized organs or free nerve endings [2]. Primary afferent sensory neurons are long cells, often traversing distances of over 1m in humans. Nociceptive and tactile stimulation can have profound neuroendocrine effects. Nociceptive information enters the central nervous system in an organized segmentally related fashion and can produce both peripheral and central sensitization. This is a state of hyperexcitability of nerve fibers, which react to stimuli weaker than the normal threshold, spreading to adjacent nerve fibers, producing prolonged repetitive electrical discharges from a single stimulus.
Do market-wide circuit breakers calm markets or panic them? Evidence from the COVID-19 pandemic

Market-wide circuit breakers (MWCBs), which halt trading for 15 minutes across all U.S. stock markets, have been triggered four times in March 2020 amid COVID-19. This paper provides some of the first evidence on the efficacy of MWCBs with tick-by-tick stock trading data. Using a difference-in-difference approach, we find that although MWCBs boost stocks’ trading volume, they significantly increase stocks’ realized volatility and bid-ask spread. Moreover, the market opening and reopening mechanisms of different stock exchanges complicate the operation of MWCBs. Our results suggest that MWCBs can have the unintended consequences of panicking the markets for a prolonged period of time, especially by aggravating market volatility and liquidity conditions.
pH of the Pod-zone Affects Reproductive Growth of Groundnut

ABSTRACT Most of the sandy soils that are suitable for production of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) in the tropic and subtropics are acidic. Whilst effects of pH in the root zone have been studied, the effects of pod-zone pH on groundnut productivity remain relatively unknown. To develop appropriate soil management practices for groundnut production on acid soils, it is essential to understand how low pH affects reproductive growth of groundnut. Consequently, a glasshouse experiment was conducted in which attached groundnut gynophores were cultured in solution at pH ranging from 3.0 to 7.0. Low pH delayed pod initiation, and resulted in almost no pod expansion at pH 3.0. Only 12% and 55% of the cultured gynophores developed into pods at pH 3.0 and 4.0, respectively, compared with 91–95% at pH ≥ 5.0. Pods produced at pH 3.0 contained no seeds and those produced at pH 4.0 had a hollow, dark colored area in the cotyledon. Normal seeds and embryos were formed at pH ≥ 5.0, and plumule development was faster at solution pH ≥ 5.0 than at pH 4.0. Pod and kernel dry mass were optimised (90% of maximum) at pH 5.62–6.69 and 5.65–6.78, respectively. Septate and non-septate pod hairs were formed at all solution pH regimes, but were denser and more persistent at the higher pH. Kernel calcium (Ca) concentration decreased with decreasing pH, and was highly correlated with solution pH. Thus, pod-zone pH has important effects on the reproductive growth of groundnut, emphasizing the importance of managing pod-zone pH.
What a Low Prevalence of Diabetes Mellitus between the Most Desired Values of High Density Lipoproteins in the Plasma

Background: We tried to understand the most desired values of high density lipoproteins (HDL) in the metabolic syndrome. Methods: Patients with plasma HDL values lower than 40 mg/dL were collected into the first, lower than 46 mg/dL into the second, lower than 50 mg/ dL into the third, and 50 mg/dL and higher into the fourth groups. Results: The study included 256 cases (153 females). Parallel to the highest HDL values, mean age, female ratio, body mass index (BMI), fasting plasma glucose (FPG), low density lipoproteins (LDL), white coat hypertension (WCH), hypertension (HT), and diabetes mellitus (DM) were the highest in the fourth group. Whereas coronary heart disease (CHD) was the highest in the first group in contrast to the lowest HDL and LDL values. Interestingly, BMI, FPG, WCH, DM, and CHD were the lowest in the second group, and prevalence of DM was only 3.1% in this group against 22.2% of the others (p<0.001). Conclusions: The highest mean age, female ratio, BMI, FPG, WCH, HT, and DM parallel to the highest HDL and LDL, and the highest CHD in contrast to the lowest HDL and LDL values may show initially positive but eventually negative acute phase proteins features of HDL and LDL. BMI, FPG, DM, and CHD were the lowest between HDL values of 40 and 46 mg/dL, and DM was only 3.1% between these values against 22.2% of the remaining. The moderate HDL values may also be a result, instead of a cause of the lower prevalence of DM.
Efficacy of Cd40l As an Early Marker in Diagnosis of Hcv-Related Hepatocelluler Carcinoma

Background: Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) is the commonest primary cancer of the liver. Incidence of HCC is increasing to be the fifth most common cancer and the second most frequent cause of cancer-related death globally. Kupffer cells and hepatocytes can express elevated levels of CD40 in hepatitis C virusassociated chronic liver disease. The CD40 CD40ligand co stimulatory pathway is associated with liver injury and hepatocyte apoptosis. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate efficacy of soluble CD40 ligand as an early marker in diagnosis of HCV- related HCC. Subjects and methods: This is a case control study. It was conducted in Internal Medicine and Microbiology Departments, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University Hospitals along six months. Ninety subjects were included in this study. They were classified into three groups as follows: Group 1 that included 30 (18 males and 12 females) apparently healthy subjects aged between 44 to 67 years old. Group 2 that included 30 patients (20 males and 10 females) aged between 41 to 65 years old with chronic HCV infection without HCC. Group 3 that composed of 30 patients (22 males and 8 females) aged between 44 to 65 years old with chronic HCV infection with HCC. Results: There was statistical significance increase in CD40 level in group 3 compared to the other two groups (1 and 2). There was significant negative correlation between serum CD40L with both Hb and PLT, while there was significant positive correlation between CD40 level with T.bilirubin, D.bilirubin, ALP, INR and AFP. Conclusion: Serum CD40L is significantly increased in patients with chronic HCV-related HCC. So, CD40L can be used as a non-invasive pro inflammatory marker for diagnosis of HCC.
Distant But Close in Sight. Firm-Level Evidence on French-German Productivity Gaps in Manufacturing

We study the productivity level distributions of manufacturing firms in France and Germany, and how these distributions evolved across the Great Recession. We show the presence of a systematic productivity advantage of German firms over French ones in the decade 2003-2013, but the gap has narrowed down after the Great Recession. Convergence is explained by the better growth performance of French firms in the post-recession period, especially of those located in the top percentiles of the productivity distribution. We also highlight the role of sectoral growth, firm size and export intensity in explaining the above convergence. In contrast, the contribution of allocative efficiency was small.
New Results in Reduced Round AES - 256 Impossible Differential Cryptanalysis

: Security of Crypto systems is usually analyzed through different cryptanalytic methods. Since Advance Encryption Standard (AES) is one of the most widely used and popular block cipher, a number of attacks have already been proposed on it. Lots of reduced round attacks on AES are available in the literature. In this paper, two efficient reduced round impossible differential attacks are introduced against AES - 256.The attacks proposed here show how an attack can modified for betterment. The first one is a new 8 th round attack, which shows the data complexity and time complexity can get interchanged without affecting the memory requirement, by introducing proper change in the attack procedure.The second cryptanalysis is carried out in which four round impossible differential begins from third round only, wherein conventional attacks it starts from second round itself. This difference in attack procedure leads to reduction in data as well as time complexities. Moreover, the interchange of Add Round Key and Mix Column operations done in the 7 th round of conventional impossible attacks can be avoided here. A conventional attack appeared in the literature is taken as the main reference. Comparison of the complexities is also given.
Biochemical Markers Affecting Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction in Patients Younger Than 35 Years of Age with Established Coronary Artery Disease

Background: Cardiac functioning and assessment in patients with established CAD can be done through performing Echocardiography and calculating the Ejection Fraction, which is an important and vital tool in clinical practice and related to prognosis. Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction (LVEF) can predict future clinical outcome and assist in risk stratification. Objective: The aim of this research was to evaluate the relationship between lower EF with clinical and biochemical markers, and to determine the predictors of left ventricular EF in patients with established CAD whose younger than 35 years’ age. Patients and Methods: This study was enrolled in Surgical Specialty HospitalCardiac Center / Erbil-Iraq among 100 consecutive patients (77 males and 23 females) between November 2016 to December 2017 of those whose age was ≤ 35 years old. Results: The mean age was 31.6 ± 2.91 years with an Age range of 24-35 years. 22.9% of those with Anterior Wall Myocardial Infarction (AWMI) and 22.7% of those with Inferior Wall Myocardial Infarction (IWMI) had left ventricular Ejection fraction (LVEF) of less than 44% (P = 0.0001). 33.3% of Patients with STEMI on presentation, later had LVEF of ≤ 44% (P = 0.0001). Lower LVEF (≤44%) was observed more in male gender and smoker patients with established CAD (P <0.05). 29% of those with 10-fold S. Troponin level elevation on presentation, had LVEF ≤44% and 45.2% of them had LVEF of between 45%-54% (P =0.001). 37.5% of those with Very High LDL levels had EF ≤44% (P = 0.02). After performing Coronary Angiography, 68.8% of those with poor functioning of heart (LVEF ≤ 44%) had LAD lesion. (P < 0.05). Conclusion: We concluded that there was evidence of a strong relationship (Inversely Proportional) between Poor EF with high LDL and Markedly Elevated Serum Troponin of more than 10 folds, young Patients with AWMI and IWMI had Poor functioning of the heart. (LVEF of ≤44).
PATCH BURNING AS A HETEROGENEITY APPROACH TO RANGELAND MANAGEMENT

Patch burning is a novel approach to rangeland management that has potential to enhance biological diversity while maintaining livestock production on rangelands. Its foundation is based upon a long history of herbivory by large ungulates and the fire–grazing interaction on native rangelands. Traditional rangeland management generally attempts to minimize inherent rangeland heterogeneity. Patch burning, which uses the fire–grazing interaction to increase spatial heterogeneity of rangelands, allows free selection by large ungulates among burned and unburned patches within a landscape unrestricted by fencing. Because ungulates prefer to graze forage plants within recently burned patches, intense grazing moves across the landscape in the pattern created by burning patches. The result is a shifting mosaic of patches at different stages of recovery from burning and grazing disturbance. We suggest that emphasis on a heterogeneity-based approach to managing grasslands is a viable framework for conservation and a potentially useful tool in wildland fire management. keywords: fire–grazing interaction, fuel management, heterogeneity, rangeland management. Citation: Kerby, J.D. , D.M. Engle, S.D. Fuhlendorf, D.L. Nofziger, and T.G. Bidwell. 2007. Patch burning as a heterogeneity approach to rangeland management. Pages 158–162 in R.E. Masters and K.E. M. Galley (eds.). Proceedings of the 23rd Tall Timbers Fire Ecology Conference: Fire in Grassland and Shrubland Ecosystems. Tall Timbers Research Station, Tallahassee, Florida, USA.
Sparse Representations, Numerical Linear Algebra, and Optimization

Sparse representations of functions and data have become crucial for a wide range of applications in technology and science, such as data analysis, imaging, and the construction of efficient solvers for ODEs and PDEs. With many important recent developments in frame theory and compressed sensing, the understanding of the underlying mathematics has grown substantially, and connections to other mathematical fields have started to evolve. Examples include the use of compressed sensing techniques for model reduction in numerical linear algebra, novel optimization algorithms for compressed sensing and image processing problems, and the design of regularization functions that yield the desired type of sparsity in the solutions of reconstruction problems. The key idea of sparsity is that functions and signals arising naturally in many contexts can be described using only a small number of significant terms in a suitable basis or frame. This observation lies at the heart of many lossy compression techniques such as JPEG or MP3. Interestingly, sparsity is useful not only for compression purposes, but also in the design of sensing and sampling techniques for capturing signals. Under suitable conditions, sparse high-dimensional signals can be recovered efficiently from what would previously have been considered a highly incomplete set of measurements. This discovery is the basis of the field of compressed sensing. It has led to a paradigm change in information theory and has caused great excitement across many areas of science and engineering. One key to the success of compressed sensing in many application areas is the generation of datadependent sparsifying systems, customarily termed “dictionary learning. ” Because of the highly complex nature of this problem, the mathematical theory is in the early stages of development, and fundamental new ideas are still needed. A key property that ensures the occurrence of sparse expansions is the redundancy of these systems—i.e., these are complete systems that are linearly dependent. This is the focus of study in frame theory, which examines various aspects of redundancy as a mathematical concept. Frame theory has already impacted the area of applied harmonic analysis and sparse approximation; yet we are only beginning to grasp a fundamental understanding of redundancy measures. Numerical linear algebra provides the mathematical foundation for stable computational algorithms based on matrix operations, with a myriad of applications ranging from signal and image processing, optimization, through data mining and model reduction, to ODE and PDE solvers. In-
Temperature Shocks and Earnings News∗

Climate scientists project a rise in both average temperatures and the frequency of temperature extremes. We study how extreme temperatures affect companies’ earnings. We combine granular daily data on temperatures across the continental U.S. with locations of public companies’ establishments to build a panel of quarterly firm-level temperature exposures (1990-2015). Extreme temperatures significantly impact earnings in over 40% of industries. Some industries are harmed by temperature shocks while others benefit. Analysts and investors do not immediately react to observable intra-quarter temperature shocks, but earnings forecasts account for temperature effects by quarter-end in many, though not all, industries.
Online Learning Challenges during Pandemic COVID-19 in Malaysian Higher Learning Institution

Since the announcement of the movement control order (MCO) to help curb the spread of COVID-19 virus, education institutions across the nation have taken great measures to ensure that their students can continue learning through digital means. Hence, academicians and students have to start setting their mind that they have to adapt new learning processes that do not allow physical meetings. This has raised concerns on how students are to cope with this new online learning environment since they come from different socioeconomic backgrounds. Therefore, the aim of this study is to identify the challenges faced by university students when implementing online learning during pandemic COVID-19. A preliminary online study is conducted among 542 students in Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin Malaysia (UniSZA) to investigate the challenges and problems they may face adapting with the new “norm”. The findings indicated that the majority of the students are not ready for online learning as the main challenge faced is low internet access to enable them for online learning. The findings from this study have benefitted the university management in making prompt and effective decisions concerning the implementation of remote learning during the pandemic. In order to get the full benefit of online learning, a concerted effort is needed from many as to provide this structure and go beyond replicating a physical class/lecture.
Performance Analysis of Integrated Voice and Data Systems Considering Different Service Distributions

– In this study, the aim was to evaluate the effect of service distributions on system performance for the proposed voice and data model. For this purpose, the integrated voice and data system with a single buffer and a channel was considered and analysed using discrete event simulation. Mainly, four different distributions; exponential, normal, lognormal and weibull distributions were taken into account for service time, while packet arrivals followed a Poisson process. Simulation results revealed that service distribution has a great effect on system performance and weibull distribution fits well for the proposed model.
The Age Profile of Life-Satisfaction after Age 65 in the U.S

Although income and wealth are frequently used as indicators of well-being, they are increasingly augmented with subjective measures such as life satisfaction to capture broader dimensions of the well-being of individuals. Based on large surveys of individuals, life satisfaction in cross-section often is found to increase with age beyond retirement into advanced old age. It may seem puzzling that average life satisfaction does not decline at older ages because older individuals are more likely to experience chronic or acute health conditions, or the loss of a spouse. Accordingly, this empirical pattern has been called the "paradox of well-being. " We examine the age profile of life satisfaction of the U.S. population age 65 or older in the Health and Retirement Study (HRS), and find that in cross-section it increases between age 65 and 71 and is flat thereafter; but based on the longitudinal dimension of the HRS, life satisfaction significantly declines with age and the rate of decline accelerates with age. We reconcile the cross-section and longitudinal measurements by showing that both differential mortality and differential non-response bias the cross-sectional age profile upward: individuals with higher life satisfaction and in better health tend to live longer, and, among survivors, individuals with higher life satisfaction are more likely to remain in the survey, masking the decline in life satisfaction experienced by individuals as they age. We conclude that the optimistic view about increasing life satisfaction at older ages based on cross-sectional data is not warranted.
Subpicosecond-pulse-laser-induced electron emission from mercury and silver into aqueous electrolytes

Highly efficient superlinear electron emission from liquid mercury and polycrystalline silver electrodes into aqueous electrolyte solutions has been discovered. The effect is induced by visible subpicosecond-laser pulses (300 fs) with a photon energy (hv2eV ; 615 nm) less than the threshold of the linear photoeffect. The charge density q emitted from mercury by 615-nm laser pulses increased from 10 -9 to 10 -5 C cm -2 in the intensity range I = 4-30 GW cm -2 . At silver, 10 -9 to 10 -7 C cm -2 were generated in the range of I = 7-70 GW cm -2 . The charge density grew with the concentration of electron acceptors (H 3 O + and CHCl 3 ) at I<20GW C m -2 , because the capture of emitted electrons prevents them from returning to electrode surface. The subsequent slow electron reduction of the electron capture products (H-atoms and CHCl 2 -radicals, respectively) indicates the laser-induced electron transfer across the interface. Ultraviolet 300-fs-pulses (hv4eV) at intensities I<6 GW cm -2 lead to effective quantum yields corresponding to one-photon emission. This emission disappeared at Hg when 6-ps-pulses were applied with the same energy, but still occurred at Ag. These results conform with theoretical predictions of charge-intensity dependencies, pulse duration and electrode potential characteristics for thermoelectron emission of a nonequilibrium electron gas from metals into electrolyte solutions.
Towards Developing Islamic Equity Crowdfunding- Waqf Model (IECWM) to Harness the Potential of Waqf Land in Malaysia

Over the centuries including during the era of Islamic civilization, Waqf land has played a significant role towards enhancing the social and economic status of the Muslim societies. However, in the contemporary times, Waqf land is facing the problem of underdevelopment particularly in the context of Malaysia. Currently, there are around 11,091.82 hectares of Waqf land in Malaysia that is worth about RM4 billion or equivalent to US$0.9 billion (Ali et al., 2015). Though, State Islamic Religious Councils (SIRCs) have a huge number of potential Waqf land, most of the lands are however still lying idle and remained undeveloped, mainly due to liquidity constraints or shortage of financial resources by SIRCs. Liquidity constraints have been considered as a main factor that hindered the execution of the various development plans of Waqf land in Malaysia. This thus calls for more innovative financing mechanism that can help to harness the potential of Waqf land. With this initiative, the research is developing a sustainable source of financing by integrating elements of crowdfunding and Waqf. The proposed model is known as Islamic Equity Crowdfunding-Waqf Model (IECWM). The proposed model will assist Waqf institution in identifying sustainable financing source to develop Waqf land in Malaysia. Through this, Malaysia will play a leading role among the OIC member states with the noble idea of Islamic crowdfunding and Waqf land development.