Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Parent Related Factors in Internet Game Addiction among Elementary School Students

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to explore the parent related factors that influence internet game addiction among elementary school students. Method: Data was collected through self-administered questionnaires and descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, correlation and stepwise multiple regression were used to analyze the data. Data survey was conducted with 739 conveniently selected students who were in grades 4, 5, and 6 of elementary schools in Seoul or Gyung-gi province. Results: The addiction groups were classified as general user group (84.3%), potential risk group (10.0%) and high risk group (5.7%). There were significant internet game addiction differences by gender, grade, expense of internet cafe, religion, school record, place where child played, economic status, and duration and frequency of game play. The addiction was negatively correlated to parents’ attachment, supervision, attitude to child nurturing, and expectations regarding school study. The most significant variables were both parents’ attitude to child nurturing, and mother’s supervision. These three variables explained 20.7% of internet game addiction in elementary school students. Conclusion: These findings are expected to make a contribution to the creation of ideal interventions at school, home, and counselling centers to prevent internet game addiction.
Apparent digestibility of Tower and Candle rapeseed meals by Holstein bull calves.

Four Holstein bull calves, 18–20 wk of age and averaging 190 kg were used to determine the apparent digestibility of soybean meal (SBM), Tower and Candle rapeseed meals (RSM). Diets containing the RSM were lower (P 0.05) among the three oil meals. However, the rapeseed meals tended to result in lower DM and energy digestibilities compared to that of the SBM sample. Apparent digestibility of crude protein was significantly (P < 0.05) higher for the SBM than the Candle RSM and similar to Tower RSM. However, the data would suggest that the differences in apparent protein digestion coefficients are due to differences in protein contents of the experimental diets and the daily N consumption by the calves.
Flight Dynamics of Ostrinia Nubilalis HBN. (Lep., Crambidae) Based on the Light and Pheromone Trap Catches in Nienadówka (South-Eastern Poland) in 2006-2008

The experiment was conducted in the 2006-2008 time period, in Nienadowka near Rzeszow, Poland (50°11' N, 22°06' E). The high suitability of light traps for the monitoring of Ostrinia nubilalis Hbn. moth flights on maize fields was shown. These light traps were compared to the pheromone types of traps; the "delta" model, and the "funnel" with a pheromone dispenser containing Z-11-tetradecenyl acetate (series ONC036A and ONC048A/107). In the light trap, the first moths were found in the second decade or third decade of June. The population peak was in the first decade or second decade of July, and the end of the flight in August. In September 2007 and 2008, single O. nubilalis moths collected in the light trap indicated the presence of a small second pest generation. The first male moths were captured in the pheromone traps in the third decade of June or the first decade of July, with a slightly marked population peak in the first or second decade of July. The moth flight ended in the last decade of July. The first egg clusters of O. nubilalis were usually recorded 4-7 days after the first moths were found in the light trap. In the pheromone traps, the first male O. nubilalis individuals were usually found a few days following the oviposition of the first pest egg clusters, except in 2006, when the moths presence was observed in the field 2-3 days before the first eggs were found on maize plants.
Acquired Recognition of Chemical Stimuli from Pike, Esox lucius, by Brook Sticklebacks, Culaea inconstans (Osteichthyes, Gasterosteidae)

In this study we test whether brook sticklebacks (Culaea inconstans) can acquire predator recognition through releaser-induced recognition learning, i.e. simultaneous exposure to aversive ('releasing') stimuli and neutral stimuli causing learned aversion to the neutral stimuli. We exposed wild-caught pike-naive brook sticklebacks (collected from a creek containing fathead minnows, Pimephales promelas, but not pike, Esox lucius) to chemical stimuli from pike that were mixed with brook stickleback skin extract, fathead minnow skin extract, or a control of distilled water. In subsequent tests 2 d later, when only pike stimuli were presented, sticklebacks conditioned with stickleback skin extract and fathead minnow skin extract exhibited antipredator behaviour (i.e. increased schooling and movement toward the substrate), while those conditioned with distilled water did not. Sticklebacks conditioned with stickleback skin extract responded to pike with a more intense response, in terms of movement toward the substrate, than those conditioned with fathead minnow skin extract, suggesting that conspecific skin extract may be a stronger stimulus than heterospecific skin extract for learning recognition of predators. To our knowledge this is the first study to demonstrate that an acanthopterygian fish can acquire predator recognition through the pairing of conspecific alarm pheromone with the cue of a predator. Furthermore, our results are the first to demonstrate that fish can acquire predator recognition through the pairing of a heterospecific alarm pheromone with the cue of a predator. These results suggest that brook sticklebacks will benefit by being in close proximity to fathead minnows. Acquired predator recognition has long-term consequences in mediating predator-prey interactions.
The chemical evolution of galaxies within the IGIMF theory: the [ ?/Fe] ratios and downsizing

Context. The chemical evolution of galaxies is investigated within the framework of the star formation rate (SFR) dependent integrated galactic initial mass function (IGIMF). Aims. We study how the global chemical evolution of a galaxy and in particular how [α/Fe] abundance ratios are affected by the predicted steepening of the IGIMF with decreasing SFR. Methods. We use analytical and semi-analytical calculations to evaluate the mass-weighted and luminosity-weighted [α/Fe] ratios in early-type galaxies of different masses. Results. The models with variable IGIMF produce an [α/Fe] vs. velocity dispersion relation which has the same slope as the observations of massive galaxies, irrespective of the model parameters, provided that the star formation duration inversely correlates with the mass of the galaxy (downsizing). These models also produce steeper [α/Fe] vs. σ relations in low-mass early-type galaxies and this trend is consistent with the observations. Constant IMF models are able to reproduce the [α/Fe] ratios in large elliptical galaxies as well, but they do not predict this change of slope for small galaxies. In order to obtain the best fit between our results and observations, the downsizing effect (i.e. the shorter duration of the star formation in larger galaxies) must be milder than previously thought.
Coleopteran-specific Cry3Bb Toxin from Transgenic Corn Pollen Does Not Affect the Fitness of a Nontarget Species, Coleomegilla maculata DeGeer (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae)

Abstract Coleomegilla maculata DeGeer is a polyphagous predator that is important for suppressing pest populations in corn. We evaluated the impact of Cry3Bb-expressing transgenic corn pollen (event MON863) on C. maculata fitness parameters in the laboratory. C. maculata larvae were fed mixtures of pollen containing 0, 25, 50, 75, or 100% transgenic pollen, aphids, or were not fed; and the duration of each instar and pupal weight were compared among treatments. In a second trial, other C. maculata larvae were reared on one of the pollen mixtures or artificial diet; and the duration of larval and pupal stages, pupal weight, adult mobility, adult survivorship, and female fecundity were compared among treatments. There were no differences in any of the fitness parameters among C. maculata in the treatments fed different mixtures of pollen. Beetles in the pollen mixture treatments had faster larval development times, greater larval survivorship, and greater pupal weight than the beetles fed only aphids or an artificial diet. We conclude that we did not detect any effects on the fitness of C. maculata that ingested pollen from event MON863. However, these results do not necessarily apply to other transgenic crops expressing toxins specific to Coleoptera.
A comparison of total hip resurfacing and total hip arthroplasty - patients and outcomes.

: A comparison of pertinent preoperative and postoperative data relative to total hip resurfacing versus total hip arthroplasty (THA) would assist in evaluating current perceptions in outcome. We compared 50 consecutive metal-metal resurfacing replacements in 50 patients with 44 consecutive conventional total hip arthroplasties in 35 patients, who were implanted during the same time period, by the same surgeon, and followed prospectively for 2 to 4 years. The patients undergoing hip resurfacing were 62% male, 9 years younger, and 3.2 inches taller, with a lower mean body mass index and American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) grade than patients undergoing total hip arthroplasty. Preoperatively, patients undergoing resurfacing had a lower Harris hip score (46 vs 52 points), more pain, higher UCLA (University of California at Los Angeles) activity scores (4.2 vs 3.6), and better range of motion. Surgical time for resurfacing was 18% longer, but there was less total blood loss and fewer transfusions. Postoperatively, there was no difference in Harris hip score (97 vs 96). Patients undergoing resurfacing had higher function, Short Form-12 physical activity scores, and UCLA activity scores, but also a higher incidence of slight or mild pain. There were no differences in postoperative range of motion or dislocation (one each). The preoperative characteristics and general health status of the average patient undergoing resurfacing are more favorable than that of the average patient undergoing conventional total hip arthroplasty. Caution should be applied in attributing differences in outcomes directly to the arthroplasty technology.
Changes in Polygalacturonase Activity and Solubility of Polyuronides during Ethylene-stimulated Leaf Abscission in Sambucus nigra

Leaflet abscission in Sambucus nigra is precipitated by cell wall degradation which is restricted to the site of cell separation. Accompanying wall breakdown is an increase in the activity of the enzyme polygalacturonase (PG) (E.C. 3.2.1.15) and this rise is primarily confined to the abscission zone tissue. The polygalacturonase has a pH optimum of 4·4 and has the characteristics of an endo-acting enzyme. The elevation in enzyme activity is the result of an increase in at least two isoforms of PG as revealed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the natured protein. Leaflet abscission in S. nigra is associated with an increase in the solubility and depolymerization of polyuronides from the cell wall. These observations are discussed in relation to the mechanism of cell separation during ethylene-stimulated leaf abscission.
Stable carbon and nitrogen ratios in the sand smelt from a Mediterranean coastal area: Feeding habits and effect of season and size

Enriched δ 13 C values (annual average -11.2‰) suggest that in the study site (Stagnone di Marsala, Italy) the sand smelt Atherina boyeri exploited benthic prey throughout the year. In particular, Mysidacea and Isopoda seemed to dominate the diet. Stomach content data from the literature was in partial agreement with the present isotopic analysis suggesting that, while Mysidacea and Isopoda are exploited by A. boyeri, Copepoda Harpacticoida and Amphipoda are the dominant food items of the sand smelt diet. Several hypotheses are proposed to explain such partially different results from the two techniques. Both season and size influenced the δ 13 C and δ 15 N values of A. boyeri. Although throughout the sampling year, A. boyeri showed very enriched δ 13 C and δ 15 N values consistent with a diet based on benthic resources, it showed significant seasonal differences in both nitrogen and carbon isotope ratios. Such a finding suggests that the food preferences of A. boyeri undergo small seasonal differences, probably as a consequence of prey availability. Size also affected the isotopic composition of the sand-smelt indicating that this species shows ontogenetic diet shifts in the study site. Compared with other Mediterranean trophic data of the sand smelt these results substantiate the great adaptability of A. boyeri to the local environmental resources and its trophic plasticity.
Biosynthesis of cellulolytic enzymes by Tricothecium roseum with citric acid mediated induction

Tricothecium roseum, an unexplored fungus for the production of cellulolytic enzymes, was used in this study for carboxymethylcellulase (CMcase) and b-glucosidase production. The culture filtrate of this organism exhibited highest total cellulolytic activity and extracellular protein content on 9th day during the course of its growth on potato dextrose yeast extract (PDYE) broth medium supplemented with 1.0% (w/v) carboxymethylcellulose. Among various soluble carbon and complex nitrogen sources tested in this study, carboxymethylcellulose and peptone supported maximum production of both cellulolytic enzymes. Under all suitable growth conditions, the enzyme biosynthesis was remarkably increased when the inducer citric acid was added to the PDYE media containing carboxymethylcellulose. Maximum CMcase production (1.59 U/ml) and b-glucosidase production (1.82 U/ml) were achieved in citric acid amended PDYE media at 37°C. Both the cellulolytic enzyme production was highest at initial pH 6.5 and after 7 days incubation. The study clearly demonstrated that citric acid is a good inducer for extracellular cellulolytic enzyme production by the fungus.
Forest Fire Effects on Geomorphic Processes

Landscapes comprise a variety of geomorphic features including bedrock either bare or draped with a mantle of soil and sediment. Within the landscape some features represent reservoirs for the storage of sediment. Three fundamental geomorphic processes (erosion, transport, and deposition) act on sediment particles in these reservoirs to change geomorphic features. These processes require available sediment and a driver such as wind, rainfall, runoff, or gravity. They are components of any process that transfers sediment between different sediment-storage reservoirs. These transfer processes can be viewed as complex non-linear systems characterized by power laws, thresholds, feedbacks, and sensitivity, which can produce a response to the driver that is inherently unstable and, under certain conditions, extreme. Forest fires produce high soil temperatures that vary widely over a burned landscape because the spatial distribution of vegetation is patchy. Elevated soil temperatures increase the availability of sediment for erosion by lowering thresholds and removing the protective cover over the soil. This increased sediment availability is patchy and temporary. If a fire is soon followed by a storm with localized cells of high-intensity rainfall, and these cells are superimposed over large patches of available sediment, then the response can be a catastrophic flood that erodes hillslopes, incises channels, and deposits sediment. The resulting erosional and depositional features are localized in space across the burned landscape. These features become legacies, a form of landscape memory, and part of the feedback process for the next fire-flood cycle.
ECOLOGY AND MORPHOLOGY OF FEEDING AND AGONISTIC BEHAVIOR IN MUDFLAT STOMATOPODS (SQUILLIDAE)

Agonistic and feeding behavior and morphological structure were studied in five stomatopod crustaceans with raptorial appendages adapted for spearing prey. Agonistic behavior was less frequent and less vigorous than in species adapted for smashing. Of the spearers, the most aggressive species, Cloridopsis scorpio, possessed a heavier raptorial apparatus and constructed the most complex burrow. Harpiosquilla harpax preyed on fish and had the longest raptorial appendages and largest eyes. The remaining species (three Oratosquilla spp. and C. scorpio) possessed similar raptorial appendages but sorted out by water depth, body size, eye size, and length of antennules. The latter two measurements suggest that differences in the structure and function of sensory systems may be important considerations in the analysis of foraging strategies and resource partitioning.
Behaviour of the Western Australian Spiny Lobster, Panulirus cygnus George, in the Field and Laboratory

The behaviour of the spiny lobster, Panulirus cygnus, of Western Australia was studied in the laboratory and field. A brief description of behavioural units is provided. A den residency survey showed only 3% of the lobsters sheltered singly, and the number of lobsters in a single den ranged from 1 to more than 100. Lobsters left dens in the evening and returned in the morning, following specific pathways along the reef face, implying knowledge of the local topography. The lobsters returned to the same area of the reef but not necessarily the same den after foraging. The occupancy of any particular den remained fairly constant over a period of time but changed markedly after a storm. The reactions of lobsters to a predator (Octopus tetricus) released at the mouth of a den were high alert postures, antennae pointing and waving, and slow retreat from the den. In a large laboratory pool, stridulation and tail flip were frequent when an octopus was out of its lair and moving around.
The effect of dietary protein on breast meat yield of broilers reared on different daylengths.

The objective of the trial reported here was to determine whether breast meat yield would improve in broilers reared on short daylengths if higher levels of dietary protein were fed. To that end, 3200 Ross 308 International broilers were reared to 35 d in eight light-tight rooms, each room being divided into four pens which were populated with 100 feather-sexed male or female chicks. The lighting treatments used were 12, 16, 20 and 24 h light/d, and four balanced protein levels, being 0.85, 1.00, 1.15 and 1.30 of the Aviagen amino acid recommendations, were fed. At 35 d, three birds from each pen were sacrificed for measurement, individually, of physical and chemical characteristics. Body weight gain to 35 d was unaffected by both dietary protein content and light. FCE increased with dietary protein content to day 21. Feed intake to day 35 was not influenced by light or by dietary protein content. Birds on 24 h had a higher mortality compared with those on the three other lighting programmes, which did not differ from one another. Body protein content increased with both daylength and dietary protein content whereas body lipid content was influenced (decreased) only by dietary protein. Breast meat yield from birds reared on 12 h was not improved when these birds were fed high protein feeds whereas yields were increased in birds on the three longer daylengths used when feed protein was increased. The decreased breast meat yield in broilers given short daylengths is therefore not the consequence of a shortage of dietary protein.
Population structure, growth rates and spatial distribution of two dioecious tree species in a wet forest in Puerto Rico

Abstract: Dioecious plants often exhibit male-biased sex ratios and sexual differences in life history traits such as plant size, growth rate and frequency of flowering, which arise from the different costs of reproduction for male and female plants. In tropical dioecious species sexual differences in reproductive costs have been demonstrated for several subcanopy species, but few canopy dioecious trees have been studied. We recorded the sexual expression of c. 2600 trees of Cecropia schreberiana and Dacryodes excelsa, two canopy dioecious species, during several censuses over 2 y in a 16-ha plot located in ‘subtropical wet forest’ in the Luquillo Mountains, Puerto Rico. There were similar numbers of male and female trees of C. schreberiana but D. excelsa had a female-biased population. Cecropia schreberiana showed no differences in male and female diameter distributions or growth rates, suggesting that reproductive maturation and longevity are similar for both sexes. This lack of differences in size and growth rate in C. schreberiana may result from mechanisms to compensate for the higher cost of reproduction in females, no resource limitation related to its pioneer life-history, or similar male and female reproductive costs. In contrast, D. excelsa males were larger than females, probably because males grow slightly faster than females. This sexual difference in D. excelsa may reflect a higher cost of reproduction in females than in males. Spatial segregation of males and females into different habitats is not common in tropical forest and neither C. schreberiana nor D. excelsa males and females exhibited significant spatial segregation. The contrasting results for these two canopy species reflect their different life history strategies in this hurricane-affected forest.
Optimization of culture variables for the production of L- asparaginase from Pectobacterium carotovorum

L-Asparaginase is an anti-neoplastic agent used in the chemotherapy of acute lymphoblastic leukemia. The present work deals with production of intra-cellular L-asparaginase from Pectobacterium carotovorum using submerged fermentation. The statistical approaches of Plackett-Burman and response surface methodology were applied to optimize the culture parameters for the production of L-asparaginase through a bacterium P. carotovorum MTCC 1428. Optimal conditions for maximal productivity were determined based on six parameters at two different levels. Initially, a screening design methodology was used to evaluate the process variables, and the response surfaces applied to find optimal concentration for production. The analysis revealed that the optimum levels of L-asparagine, lactose and inoculum percentage were found to be 4.00, 3.5 g L −1 , and 2.75%, respectively. The maximum enzyme activity in the optimized medium was 19.33 U ml −1 . Keywords: Design of experiments (DoE), L-asparaginase, response surface methodology, Plackett-Burman design and acute lymphoblastic leukemi. Afr. J. Biotechnol Vol. 12 No. 50
Juvenile Steelhead Release Strategies: A Comparison of Volitional- and Forced-Release Practices

Abstract In 2004 and 2005, steelhead (anadromous rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss) reared at Winthrop National Fish Hatchery (Winthrop, Washington) were tagged with passive integrated transponders and subjected to a volitional or forced release. Gill Na+, K+-ATPase (NKA) activity, body size, condition factor (K), travel time, and apparent survival were compared between volitional migrants (VMs), forced-release migrants (FRMs), and volitional-release nonmigrants (VNMs). Gill NKA activity and body size were similar between VNM, VM, and FRM groups, but K varied by date and migrant group. However, by the end of the volitional-release period, all three groups had similar K. The VNMs consistently demonstrated lower apparent survival to McNary Dam on the Columbia River than did the VM and FRM groups, which had three to eight times greater survival than did VNMs. Volitional migrants had higher apparent survival to McNary Dam than did FRMs in 2005; however, apparent survival was similar between the two groups in .