Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Antioxidant and oxidative damage responses in different organs of Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei (Boone, 1931) reared in a biofloc technology system

Shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) reared in a conventional seawater (SW) aquarium system SW were compared with those raised in a biofloc technology (BFT) system. After 30 days, the L. vannamei shrimp were euthanized and samples of gills, hepatopancreas and muscle were dissected. Statistical analysis was performed using bi-factorial ANOVA, with the factors of the treatment (shrimp reared in SW or in a BFT system) and organs (gills, hepatopancreas and muscles). No differences (p > 0.05) in glutathione-S-transferase activity were observed between shrimp reared in SW and shrimp reared in BFT (p < 0.05). Glutathione levels were lower (p < 0.05) in the gills and hepatopancreas of shrimp reared in the BFT system, suggesting changes in the antioxidant composition of these organs. Lipid peroxidation levels were higher in the hepatopancreas than in muscle in shrimp reared in SW (p < 0.05) and this difference was not observed in organisms reared in the BFT system (p > 0.05). Overall, the results showed that rearing shrimp in the BFT system altered both their antioxidant and oxidative damage responses. This indicates that some microbial communities in BFT systems can influence the redox state of L. vannamei.
Breeding numbers and population trends of Wedge-tailed Shearwater (Puffinus pacificus) and Black Noddy (Anous minutus) in the Capricornia Cays, southern Great Barrier Reef

Abstract Wedge-tailed Shearwaters and Black Noddies are the two numerically dominant seabird species found in the southern section of the Great Barrier Reef, Australia. This research provides baseline breeding population estimates for nine of 16 islands in the Capricornia Group over five years for Shearwaters (1996–2000) and four years for Noddies (1997–2000). With estimates of ∼302000 active breeding pairs of Black Noddies and ∼560000 breeding pairs of Wedge-tailed Shearwaters in the area, the research results have confirmed the importance of the Capricornia Group as a recognised breeding area for these birds.
Identification of a Tall Waterhemp (Amaranthus tuberculatus) Biotype Resistant to HPPD-Inhibiting Herbicides, Atrazine, and Thifensulfuron in Iowa

Abstract Seeds of a putative 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (HPPD)-inhibiting herbicide–resistant tall waterhemp biotype from Henry County, IA, were collected from a seed corn field in fall 2009 after plants were not controlled following a POST application of mesotrione plus atrazine. The response of this biotype to various herbicide modes of action was evaluated in greenhouse and field tests. Under greenhouse conditions, the suspect biotype showed an eightfold decrease in sensitivity to mesotrione with a 50% control rate of 21 g ha−1 compared with 2.7 g ha−1 for the susceptible biotype. The biotype also had a 10-fold decrease in sensitivity to atrazine and a 28-fold decrease in sensitivity to thifensulfuron. Under field conditions, tall waterhemp was not controlled POST at the label rate of 1,100 g ha−1 of atrazine. Tall waterhemp control was less than 60% at the label rates of three commonly used POST HPPD-inhibiting herbicides in seed corn: 105 g ha−1 of mesotrione, 92 g ha−1 of tembotrione, or 18 g ha−1 of topramezone. Thus, this new tall waterhemp biotype is resistant to three herbicide modes of action: HPPD inhibitors, photosystem-II inhibitors, and acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibitors. Nomenclature: Atrazine; mesotrione; tembotrione; thifensulfuron, topramezone, tall waterhemp, Amaranthus tuberculatus (Moq.) Sauer AMATU; corn, Zea mays L. ZEAMX
Cellular factors involved in HIV-1 replication

Recently, the cyclophilin A (CyPA)-binding region of the HIV-1 capsid protein was identified as a viral determinant involved in the post-entry restriction in Old World monkey cells. Here, we constructed a panel of HIV-1-based lentiviral vectors (LVs) that contain either mutations in the CyPA-binding region or the CyPA-binding region of the related viruses HIV-1 group O and HIV-2. We demonstrated that amino-acid changes in the CyPA-binding region of the capsid can alter the phenotype of the virus resulting in CyPA-independent infection in human cells and nonrestricted infection in simian cells. Combining these data with the available structural data, we speculate that reduced affinity of the capsid for CyPA is associated with an unrestricted infection of simian cells. In addition, we observed that primary rhesus macaque peripheral blood mononuclear cells could be transduced efficiently by the LV that contained the CyPA-binding region of HIV-2. Therefore, this LV might be very useful for long-term safety studies in large animal models like rhesus macaques.
PREVALENCE OF LIVER FLUKES INFECTIONS IN SLAUGHTERED ANIMALS IN KASHAN, ISFAHAN PROVINCE, CENTRAL IRAN

ABSTRACT Revised on: Accepted on: Published on: including 9066 cattle, 77912 sheep and 180824 goats and were slexamined and overall 31954 (12%) livers were infected. Fascioliasis and dicrocoeliosis were responsible *Corresponding author: Email: talariali@yahoo.com; h_ ehteram@yahoo.com; Tel: -98913130371; Fax: 03614465055 [I] INTRODUCTION Ruminant's contamination with parasites can cause reduction of milk production and many disorders such as diarrhea, loss of weight gain, abdominal pain, anemia and cachexia. In some parasitic diseases, liver is an important organ that is infected with parasites [1, 2]. Liver flukes (Fasciola sp and Dicrocoelium dendriticum) have especially economic importance by mortality, morbidity, and reduced growth rate, condemnation of liver, increased susceptibility to secondary infections and the expense of control measures and public health importance in many countries including Iran [2, 3, 4] Most of mammals are definitive hosts for these parasites such as sheep, goats and cattle are the most important animals in human environment. Due to complicated detection of these worms, definite recognizing of these parasitic diseases in live animals is performed in slaughterhouses. prevalence of Liver fasciolosis in sheep, cattle, goats and buffa
Holography

Research on holography has now grown to such dimensions that we have not been able to mention each of the numerous authors who have made significant contributions to it. Investigators from Bell Telephone Laboratories, the RCA, Xerox, and Westinghouse laboratories, Conductron Corporation, GC-Optronics, IBM, TRW Systems, the University of Michigan, and Stanford University have made particularly significant early contributions in the United States. Especially notable were the efforts of R. J. Collier, L. Lin, K. S. Pennington, D. Ansley, L. Siebert, R. M. Grant, A. Lohmann, R. F. Wuerker, K. Stetson, R. Powell, J. Goodman, and their co-workers, in addition to those already mentioned, among many others. Early work in many parts of the world also includes that in France by S. Lowenthal, G. Nomarski, and J. Viέnot; in Germany by H. Nassenstein; in Great Britain by J. M. Burch; in Japan by J. Tsujiuchi and T. Tsuruta; and in the Soviet Union by Yu. Y. N. Denisyuk, I. Nalimov, and L. M. Soroko. For a fuller account of these developments, see (42) and other references.
Label-free sensing of exosomal MCT1 and CD147 for tracking metabolic reprogramming and malignant progression in glioma

Noninvasive detection of exosomal MCT1/CD147 can monitor the progression of glioma, a fatal brain tumor, as a liquid biopsy. Malignant glioma is a fatal brain tumor whose pathological progression is closely associated with glycolytic reprogramming, leading to the high expression of monocarboxylate transporter 1 (MCT1) and its ancillary protein, cluster of differentiation 147 (CD147) for enhancing lactate efflux. In particular, malignant glioma cells (GMs) release tremendous number of exosomes, nanovesicles of 30 to 200 nm in size, promoting tumor progression by the transport of pro-oncogenic molecules to neighboring cells. In the present study, we found that hypoxia-induced malignant GMs strongly enhanced MCT1 and CD147 expression, playing a crucial role in promoting calcium-dependent exosome release. Furthermore, it was first identified that hypoxic GMs-derived exosomes contained significantly high levels of MCT1 and CD147, which could be quantitatively detected by noninvasive localized surface plasmon resonance and atomic force microscopy biosensors, demonstrating that they could be precise surrogate biomarkers for tracking parent GMs’ metabolic reprogramming and malignant progression as liquid biopsies.
Adaptive multi-fidelity optimization with fast learning rates

In multi-ﬁdelity optimization, we have access to biased approximations of varying costs of the target function. In this work, we study the setting of optimizing a locally smooth function with a limited budget Λ, where the learner has to make a trade-oﬀ between the cost and the bias of these approximations. First, we prove lower bounds for the simple regret under different assumptions on the ﬁdelities, based on a cost-to-bias function. We then present the Kometo algorithm which achieves, with additional logarithmic factors, the same rates without any knowledge of the function smoothness and ﬁdelity assumptions, and improves prior results. Finally, we empirically show that our algorithm outperforms prior multi-ﬁdelity optimization methods without the knowledge of problem-dependent parameters.
THE EFFECTS OF ANTUITRIN S AND SHEEP PITUITARY EXTRACT ON THE FEMALE LIZARD, ANOLIS CAROLINENSIS

Between November 1933 and April 1934, 55 females of Anolis carolinensis were injected with Antuitrin S, while 25 were injected with whole gland sheep pituitary extract. Twenty-five females served as controls. The dosage was . 02 cc. of either extract diluted with cold-blooded Ringer's solution.Both extracts caused hypertrophy of the ovaries and oviducts but ovulation and egg-laying were induced only with sheep pituitary. Moreover, in many females which received sheep extract the ovaries contained mature ova that were not laid but were slowly resorbed during the ensuing spring and summer.With both extracts the epithelial cells lining the albumen-secreting portion of the oviduct changed from cuboidal to columnar, while those of the epithelium of the uterus were very little affected by the injections. The deep-lying shell glands of the uterus, however, were greatly enlarged.Injected animals ate more, were more active, and moulted oftener than controls.
Immunohistochemical expression of Basic fibroblast growth factor-2 and Heparanase in oral squamous cell carcinoma

ground: The aim of this study was to evaluate the expression of fibroblast growth factor-2 and Heparanase in oral squamous cell carcinoma, and to correlate the two studied marker with each other and with clinicopathologicalfinding including grade, stage. Methods: Sections of 30 formalin-fixed paraffin embedded blocks specimens of oral squamous cell carcinoma were immunostained to assess the expression of fibroblast growth factor-2 and Heparanse in oral squamous cell carcinoma cases. Results: The expression of fibroblast growth factor-2 and Heparanase were positive in all oral squamous cell carcinoma cases (100%). The positive expression of fibroblast growth factor-2 was significantly correlated with tumor site (p=0.016),and clinical presentation(p-value =0.003). The positive expression of Heparanse was significantly correlated with tumor grade(p-value =0.002) . On other hand there was non-significant correlation between fibroblast growth factor-2 ,Heparanase and other clinicopathological parameters . Statistically significant correlation was found between the expressions of fibroblast growth factor-2 and Heparanase(p-value= 0.021). Conclusion: The fibroblast growth factor-2 and Heparanase positive expression was noted in all cases of oral squamous cell carcinomasignifying their important role in the angiogenesis and lymph node metastasis in oral squamous cell carcinoma, furthermore they cooperate in promoting vascularization, suggesting that fibroblast growth factor-2 and heparanase are promising targets for the development of anticancer therapeutics for head and neck malignancies.
MICROMORPHOLOGICAL DATA CONCERNING SALVIA GLUTINOSA L. (LAMIACEAE)

In this paper, the morphology and anatomy of glandular hairs, distributed on the aerial organs of Salvia glutinosa L. has been investigated; also, nutlets and pollen micromorphology, all of these being important taxonomic indices for a correct determining of species. The microscopical studies were performed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM).
Ultrastructural evidence for apoptosis of pavement cells, chloride cells, and hatching gland cells in the developing branchial area of the trout Salmo trutta

Death by apoptosis of branchial epithelial cells was studied in brown trout embryos by means of transmission electron microscopy. Superficial pavement cells are sloughed off for the renewal of the epithelium after an apoptotic degeneration with shrinkage of the cytoplasm and loss of desmosomal contacts. Chloride cells appear as immature, mature and degenerating cells. Degenerating chloride cells, which are separated from the ambient water by pavement cells, show condensation of the cytoplasm and structural alterations in the tubular system and the mitochondria. Hatching gland cells degenerate either into apoptotic bodies or into cellular debris, depending on the functional stage of the cell. There was no phagocytosis by macrophages or adjacent cells of the degenerating chloride and hatching gland cells, but an infiltration of leucocytes was always observed in the epithelium undergoing cellular degeneration. In some instances, secondary necrosis of apoptotic hatching gland cells was observed. Apoptosis occurs in the three types of cells since early stages of development. However, a massive wave of cellular death occurred in pavement and hatching gland cells during the hatching stage and in the chloride cells during post-hatching stages.
Post-spring bloom community structure of pelagic copepods in the Disko Bay, Western Greenland

Community structure of pelagic copepods was investigated in the upper 200 m in the Disko Bay, Western Greenland, during the post-spring bloom period in June, 2001. This was the first study of the copepod community in West Greenland coastal waters sampled using smaller mesh sizes (50 mu m as opposed to 200 mu m). The mesozooplankton was dominated by copepods who constituted 82% of the total abundance and 95% of the total mesozooplankton biomass (> 50 mu m). Nauplii of Calanus, Pseudocalanus and Oithona dominated by number and the copepodites and adults were dominated by Oithona spp. , Oncaea sp. , Pseudocalanus sp. , harpacticoids, Calanus finmarchicus, C. glacialis, and C. hyperboreus. Multivariate tests showed that the species/stage abundance composition of copepods changed significantly with depth. With one exception, all depth intervals showed unique significantly different compositions. Accordingly, the copepod community structure was influenced primarily by depth rather than by chlorophyll a concentration. Factors other than herbivorous grazing, such as omnivory, predator avoidance or association to marine snow aggregates of specific species, may have influenced the depth distribution of the total copepod community in the Disko Bay. Nevertheless, subsequent Pearson product moment correlations showed positive significant correlations between the vertical distribution of the three Calanus spp. and Pseudocalanus spp. and chlorophyll a concentrations, which points towards these species as prime components in the classic diatom-copepod food chain.
Production of lactic acid from corn cobs hydrolysate through fermentation by Lactobaccillus delbrukii

This study describes several essential factors for indirect and effective lactic acid production from food wastes by strains of Lactobaccillus delbrukii using corn cob hydrolysates. The fermentation conditions considered were glucose concentration (1 - 5%), temperature (34 - 40 o C), time (0 - 8 days) and pH (5 - 6). After pretreatment of corn cobs by dilute acid, the lignocellulosic residue was used as raw materials for the saccharification and followed by lactic acid fermentation. The best fermentation conditions were 40 o C temperature, after 84 h of fermentation time. In the saccharification and subsequently fermentation process, the final concentration of lactic acid reached 17.73 g/L based on the glucose (reducing sugars) extracted from the saccharified corn cobs at pH 5-6.
Efeito da lâmina de irrigação na conservação pós-colheita de melão Pele de Sapo

The occurrence of effects of cultivation conditions on the postharvest quality and conservation of fruits is already known, but the studies are scarce, in the literature, which relate the use of irrigation with postharvest quality and conservation of melon. Thus, the objective was to evaluate the irrigation effect in the postharvest conservation of Piel de Sapo melon. An experiment was carried out in Mossoro, Rio Grande do Norte state, Brazil, from September to December 2004 in which three irrigation levels tested: L1= 281 mm, L2= 349 mm and L3= 423 mm, the soil being fertilized according to the crop needs. The fruits were harvested at physiological maturity (60 days after transplantation). After the harvest, the fruits were transported to the laboratory of the Universidade Federal Rural do Semiarido, where the fruits were washed and selected. A sampe was evaluated previously and the other fruits were identified and placed in cardboard boxes. They were stored in a cooler with temperature at 10+1oC and 85+2% RH where they remained for 35 days. The experimental design was completely randomized in a 3x2 factorial, representing respectively three irrigation levels (L1, L2 and L3) and two fruits storage periods (0 and 35 days), with five replications. Significant differences were detected between the irrigation levels and storage time to vitamin C. There occurred an increase on the pH value and a decrease on vitamin C content and on fruits pulp firmness with higher irrigation levels. The pulp firmness, acidity and soluble solids of fruits decreased after storage time.
Heat Stress-induced Abortion of Buds and Flowers in Pea: Is Sensitivity Linked to Organ Age or to Relations between Reproductive Organs?

Abstract A short period of heat stress can cause a significant increase in abortion frequency of floral buds and flowers in pea, but a large variability in sensitivity exists among reproductive organs (ROs) within a plant or between plants. We have analysed spatial distribution of abortion frequency in plants subjected or not subjected to heat stress in: (1) four controlled environment experiments in which apex temperature was increased to 31 °C for 6 h per day for 4 d (moderate stress); (2) one field experiment with a similar level of stress; and (3) one experiment with 2 d with 33/30 °C day/night (severe stress) in addition to treatment (1). Influence of neighbouring organs on sensitivity to heat stress was analysed by partial flower removal. Severe heat stress caused rapid interruption of RO development followed by abscission while, in moderate stress, at leat 4 d elapsed between cessation of stress and first symptoms of abortion. In both moderate stress and control treatments, abortion frequency followed a consistent pattern along the stem with no abortion on the lowest reproductive phytomeres, a temperature-dependent abortion frequency on intermediate phytomeres and 100% abortion on apical phytomeres. Regardless of temperature, this pattern was shifted by four positions if ROs were removed on the lowest four reproductive phytomeres, and no abortion was observed if young pods were sequentially removed. Moderate heat stress increased the effect of developing ROs on abortion frequency of younger ROs located above them. We suggest that the effect of mild stress should be viewed as the acceleration of a programme linked to the normal termination of phytomere production during the plant cycle, rather than as an abrupt event linked to stress.
The influence of clone and morph on the parameters of intrinsic rate of increase in the cereal aphids Sitobion avenae and Rhopalosiphum padi

This study aimed at evaluating the influence of intrinsic factors (clone, morph) on the parameters of the intrinsic rate of increase of Sitobion avenae (F.) and Rhopalosiphum padi (L.). For each species, apterous and alate exules of three clones originating from French oceanic regions were compared at 20 °C.
Ca2+ dynamics in the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum in sensory neurons: direct visualization of Ca2+‐induced Ca2+ release triggered by physiological Ca2+ entry

In cultured rat dorsal root ganglia neurons, we measured membrane currents, using the patch–clamp whole‐cell technique, and the concentrations of free Ca2+ in the cytosol ([Ca2+]i) and in the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) ([Ca2+]L), using high‐ (Fluo‐3) and low‐ (Mag‐Fura‐2) affinity Ca2+‐sensitive fluorescent probes and video imaging. Resting [Ca2+]L concentration varied between 60 and 270 μM. Activation of ryanodine receptors by caffeine triggered a rapid fall in [Ca2+]L levels, which amounted to only 40–50% of the resting [Ca2+]L value. Using electrophysiological depolarization, we directly demonstrate the process of Ca2+‐induced Ca2+ release triggered by Ca2+ entry through voltage‐gated Ca2+ channels. The amplitude of Ca2+ release from the ER lumen was linearly dependent on ICa.
Endozoochory largely outweighs epizoochory in migrating passerines

Fruits and seeds are critical food sources for many European passerines during the autumn migration, which in turn contribute to disperse seeds either internally, i.e. after ingestion (endozoochory), or externally, when seeds adhere to the body surface (epizoochory). Despite the recognized importance of birds as seed dispersers, the vast majority of studies focused on endozoochory while the external transport of seeds is frequently invoked as being potentially important, but remains largely unexplored. This is particularly important during the post-breeding migration of passerines, the most ubiquitous and diverse movement of potential seed carriers across Europe and into Africa, which coincides with the fruiting peak of many plant species (August–October). Our aim was to evaluate the role of migrating birds as potential long-distance seed dispersers, and comparing the prevalence of epizoochory and endozoochory during post-breeding migration. We sampled 926 wild birds in nine locations in Portugal, and retrieved 1833 seeds of 19 plant species dispersed internally and only three seeds externally attached to three birds (Serinus serinus, Locustella naevia and Turdus merula), showing an endozoochory prevalence 85 times higher than that of epizoochory. Migrating and non-migrating passerines dispersed seeds equally. While two of the seeds transported externally had specific adaptations to epizoochory, namely spines (Torilis arvensis) and hooks (Galium aparine), the third is a large seed from a fleshy-fruited plant, Frangula alnus (i.e. typical endozoochorous syndrome). These seeds were found on bird species with different diets, but similar behaviour (ground foragers) and in similar habitats (open agro-ecosystems). Our results highlight the strong role of migrating passerines as potentially long-distance seed dispersers and show that, at least in the autumn, the prevalence of epizoochory is several orders of magnitude lower than that of endozoochory.