Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The variation of crustal stretching and different modes of rifting along the Australian southern continental margin

ABSTRACT The southern margin of Australia is a passive continental margin, formed during a Late Jurassic–Cretaceous rifting phase. The development of this passive margin is mainly associated with extensional processes that caused crustal thinning. In this work, we have measured the amount of extension and the stretching factor (β factor) across seven transect profiles approximately evenly distributed across the margin. The obtained results show that the amount of extension and the β factor along the margin vary from west to east. The lowest amount of extension, low–intermediate β factors and a very narrow margin are observed in the western part with 80 km of extension and is underlain mostly by the Archean Yilgarn Craton and the Albany–Fraser Orogen. The Gawler Craton in the centre of the south Australian margin is another region of low extension and low–intermediate β factor. The largest amount of extension (384 km) and the largest β factor (β = 1.88) are found in the eastern part of the passive margin in an area underlain by Phanerozoic Tasman Orogen units. Our results imply that there is a strong control of the age and thickness of the continental lithosphere on the style of rifting along the Australian passive margin. Rifting of old and cold lithosphere results in a narrow passive margin, with the formation of relatively few faults with relatively wide spacing, while rifting of younger, warmer lithosphere leads to wide rifting that is accommodated by a large number of faults with small spacing.
Climate Variability and Mechanisms of the East Asian Winter Monsoon and the Impact from the Stratosphere

Recent advances in studies on the characteristics and mechanisms of the East Asian winter monsoon(EAWM) variability are reviewed in the paper.In particular,the possible effect of the stratospheric process on the EAWM and the climate anomalies are documented and investigated.It was found that the path of the EAWM,as well as the variation in its intensity,is important.The EAWM intensity is usually associated with uniform changes in wintertime temperature throughout China,whereas the EAWM path tends to induce a north-south temperature dipole pattern which is associated with two sub-systems that develop in the north and the south of China.Moreover,since the beginning of this century the forming of the EAWM was delayed while its intensity tended to decrease during the mature phase of the monsoon and intensify in early spring compared to earlier records.All these variations are shown to be closely related to the north-south temperature dipole pattern.Further analysis indicates that the north-south dipole pattern is one of the major modes of the EAWM variability and is closely associated with the intensity of the stratospheric Polar Vortex.When an anomalous polar vortex propagates downward,this may induce anomalous Arctic Oscillation(AO) and Siberian High in the lower troposphere,leading to the emergence of a north-south temperature dipole pattern in East Asia.Studies on the causes of EAWM variability suggest that the impact of the El Ni? o-Southern Oscillation(ENSO) has weakened since the mid-late 1970s.In contrast,the impacts from the circulation anomalies in the mid-high latitudes such as the North Pacific Oscillation(NPO) and the Ural blocking have increased significantly.The mechanisms involved have also been investigated.In addition,the persistent weakening of the EAWM since 1987 may be related to the interdecadal change of the quasi-stationary planetary wave activity.Through wave-flow interaction the planetary wave activity may induce variations in the AO,the Siberian High,and the Aleutian Low,and result in anomalous EAWM.Finally,the possible effects of the 11-year solar cycle on the East Asian climate anomalies during the boreal winter and the associated processes are also discussed.
The memorialisation of narratives and sites among indigenous women in Ayacucho: resilience in the aftermath of mass violence and atrocities

Abstract In this article, we explore the intersection between resilience, resistance and gender in post-conflict Peru and the utilisation of memory in these processes. Drawing upon our extensive fieldwork with grass roots associations of indigenous Quechua women in Ayacucho, we examine how this group of women utilises memories of their resistance during the Peruvian armed conflict in order to cope with their current everyday conflicts and to re-affirm their new spaces of political participation in post-conflict struggles. By commemorating particular stories and places, these living memories play an important role in shaping their past, present and future. In particular, these stories shift the emphasis from women’s suffering during conflicts to their resistance and courage.
EUROFIT TESTLERİ İLE 12-14 YAŞ GRUBU ERKEK ÖĞRENCİLERİN FİZİKSEL UYGUNLUK NORMLARININ ARAŞTIRILMASI (Kastamonu İli Örneği)

Bu calismanin amaci Kastamonu Bolgesi 12-14 yas grubu erkek orencilerin Eurofit testleri ile fiziksel uygunluk normlari arastirilarak durum tespiti yapmak ve literature katkida bulunmaktir. Arastirma Kastamonu ilinde rassal olarak secilmis Gazi Pasa Ilkogretim Okulu ve Merkez Ilkogretim Okulu’nda okumakta olan 12-14 yas grubu, 63 erkek orenci uzerinde yapilmistir. Bu orenciler, boy ve vucut agirligi, deri alti yagi olcumu, flamingo denge testi, disklere dokunma testi, esneklik, durarak uzun atlama, kuvvet, mekik testi, 10x5 m kosu testi, durarak dikey sicrama testi ve 20 m mekik kosu testi uygulanmistir.
Fossil Crocodilians from the High Guajira Peninsula of Colombia: Neogene Faunal Change in Northernmost South America

ABSTRACT The La Guajira Peninsula, Colombia, has a continuous vertebrate fossil record that includes both the late early-early middle Miocene and the Pliocene. Crocodilians from the early to early middle Miocene Jimol and Castilletes formations include gavialoids, recovered from both coastal and shallow marine deposits, and caimanines representing early records of the specialized caimanine taxa Purussaurus and Mourasuchus. Crocodyloid specimens from the Pliocene Ware Formation are assigned to Crocodylus and represent one of the oldest occurrences of the genus in the New World. Records from the La Guajira Peninsula suggest that diverse crocodilian assemblages were already established by the late early Miocene, including several widely distributed lineages that persisted for several million years. Crocodylus is a recent immigrant to South America that occupied habitats left vacant by the extinction of several crocodilian lineages.
Effect Of Cooperative Learning On Students’ Learning Attitudes Towards Science At Elementary Level In Pakistan

The currentresearch investigated the causal effect of cooperative learningon students’ learning attitudes toward science. Through random sampling 34, 7 th graders were selected from a public girls' schoolsituated inWahdat Colony, Lahore. Research ethics were taken into consideration regarding prior permission for use of research tool (Attitude toward Science learning: AtSL), parents, participants and school administration consent. This adapted toolhas 24 items that were used in this experimental research (pre-test and post-test design). For 8 weeks experimental group was treated with cooperative learning whereas traditional instructions were for the control group. Both sets of students were equated regarding time span, and had the same material, same age group, same teacher and same institution along with same locale, even more both the groups were provided with same attitude scale.The results of pretest and posttest were compared via T-test and paired sample T-test.The findings demonstrated that cooperative learning instructions improved positive attitudes for science in experimental group, moreover, they were thinking critically about the subject matter, and they were sharing their views with classmates. For wide implication of recent research, it should be conducted in qualitative mode of research within the same age group, even across grades.
A neural probabilistic language model

A goal of statistical language modeling is to learn the joint probability function of sequences of words in a language. This is intrinsically difficult because of the curse of dimensionality: a word sequence on which the model will be tested is likely to be different from all the word sequences seen during training. Traditional but very successful approaches based on n-grams obtain generalization by concatenating very short overlapping sequences seen in the training set. We propose to fight the curse of dimensionality by learning a distributed representation for words which allows each training sentence to inform the model about an exponential number of semantically neighboring sentences. The model learns simultaneously (1) a distributed representation for each word along with (2) the probability function for word sequences, expressed in terms of these representations. Generalization is obtained because a sequence of words that has never been seen before gets high probability if it is made of words that are similar (in the sense of having a nearby representation) to words forming an already seen sentence. Training such large models (with millions of parameters) within a reasonable time is itself a significant challenge. We report on experiments using neural networks for the probability function, showing on two text corpora that the proposed approach significantly improves on state-of-the-art n-gram models, and that the proposed approach allows to take advantage of longer contexts.
Board Size and Performance of Manufacturing Companies in Emerging Country

: - The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of board size on the performance of manufacturing firms in Indonesia. This study also evaluates the relationship of these aspects in large and small companies and separates subsamples of firms with and without dual CEOs. Meanwhile, the data were evaluated using a static estimator panel on a sample of 208 public trading industrial businesses from 2008 to 2017. The findings of this study indicated that, first, increasing the board size tends to boost manufacturing companies' performance. This is particularly prominent in large firms and those without dual CEOs. Therefore, the findings confirmed the agency theory, which holds that a larger board of directors improves firm performance through increased oversight by a wider group of people. Also, it explained the efforts to increase the number of directors that can advise CEOs, particularly in large firms and those without CEO duality.
Study of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor With LQG Controller and Observer On The Hydraulic Pump System

In today's aircraft industry, the flight control system and landing gear system cannot be separated from the role of the hydraulic technology system. As the prime mover of the hydraulic pump or actuator hydraulic system, a permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) is used. This PMSM is a substitute for the role of conventional combustion engines, and PMSM is considered to have several advantages in increasing performance and efficiency. This research will develop a system to find parameter values for Linear Quadratic Gaussian (LQG) controllers in a hydraulic pump system that is installed as a load from PMSM and then observe and analyze the performance of the response of the synchronous motor system, namely in the form of changes in rotor rotation speed, torque electric power, and stator current on the q-axis. The results of the research on the characteristics of the PMSM implemented in the hydraulic pump system show that the LQG controller is more optimal when compared to the observer controller. The LQG controller is known to have a faster transient response, which is indicated by the value of the settling time improvement at no load, namely 116.67% for the observer controller and 364.705% without the controller. Then when the synchronous motor serves the nominal load, the rotational speed of the rotor produced in the steady state becomes 8.29% faster than the observer controller and 74.49% without the controller. This rotor's rotational speed affects the time the actuator needs to extend and retract motion.
Hepatic Synthesis and Urinary Elimination of Acetaminophen Glucuronide Are Exacerbated in Bile Duct-Ligated Rats

: Renal and intestinal disposition of acetaminophen glucuronide (APAP-GLU), a common substrate for multidrug resistance-asso-ciated proteins 2 and 3 (Mrp2 and Mrp3), was assessed in bile duct-ligated rats (BDL) 7 days after surgery using an in vivo perfused jejunum model with simultaneous urine collection. Doses of 150 mg/kg b.w. (i.v.) or 1 g/kg b.w. (i.p.) of acetaminophen (APAP) were administered, and its glucuronide was determined in bile (only Shams), urine, and intestinal perfusate throughout a 150-min period. Intestinal excretion of APAP-GLU was unchanged or decreased ( (cid:1) 58%) by BDL for the 150 mg and 1 g/kg b.w. doses of APAP, respectively. In contrast, renal excretion was increased by 200 and 320%, respectively. Western studies revealed decreased levels of apical Mrp2 in liver and jejunum but increased levels in renal cortex from BDL animals, whereas Mrp3 was substantially increased in liver and not affected in kidney or intestine. The global synthesis of APAP-GLU, determined as the sum of cumulative excretions, was higher in BDL rats ( (cid:2) 51 and (cid:2) 110%) for these same doses of APAP as a consequence of a significant increase in functional liver mass, with no changes in specific glucuronidating activity. Expression of apical breast cancer resistance protein, which also transports nontoxic metabolites of APAP, was decreased by BDL in liver and renal cortex, suggesting a minor participation of this route. We demonstrate a more efficient hepatic synthesis and basolateral excretion of APAP-GLU followed by its urinary elimination in BDL group, the latter two processes consistent
FeatRacer: Locating Features Through Assisted Traceability

Locating features is one of the most common software development activities. It is typically done during maintenance and evolution, when developers need to identify the exact places in a codebase where specific features are implemented. Unfortunately, locating features is laborious and error-prone, since feature knowledge fades, projects are developed by different developers, and features are often scattered across the codebase. Recognizing the need, many automated feature location techniques have been proposed, which try to retroactively recover features, i.e., very domain-specific information from the codebase. Unfortunately, such techniques require large training datasets, only recover coarse-grained locations and produce too many false positives to be useful in practice. An alternative is recording features during development, when they are still fresh in a developer's mind. However, recording is easily forgotten and also costly, especially when the software evolves and such recordings need to be updated. We address the infamous feature location problem (a.k.a., concern location or concept assignment problem) differently. We present FeatRacer, which combines feature recording and automated feature location in a way that allows developers to proactively and continuously record features and their locations during development, while addressing the shortcomings of both strategies. Specifically, FeatRacer relies on embedded code annotations and a machine-learning-based recommender system. When a developer forgets to annotate, FeatRacer reminds the developer about potentially missing features, which it learned from the feature recording practices in the project at hand. FeatRacer also facilitates fine-grained locations as decided by the developer. Our evaluation shows that FeatRacer outperforms traditional automated feature location based on Latent Semantic Indexing (LSI) and Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA)—two of the most common methods to realize such techniques—when predicting features for 4,650 commit changesets from the histories of 16 open-source projects spanning an average of three years between 1985 and 2015. Compared to the traditional techniques, FeatRacer showed a 3x higher precision and a 4.5x higher recall, with an average precision and recall of 89.6% among all 16 projects. It can accurately predict feature locations within the first five commits of our evaluation projects, being effective already for small datasets. FeatRacer takes on average 1.9ms to learn from past code fragments of a project, and 0.002ms to predict forgotten feature annotations in new code.
Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis in Peru

The amphibian chytrid fungus, Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd), has been well-studied in Australia, North and Central America, and Europe, but relatively little information is available concerning the status of this pathogen in South America. This is especially disturbing given that South America contains the highest diversity of amphibian species in the world (Vie et al. 2009). In Peru, sampling for Bd has been especially sparse, with only six studies in localized regions conducted to date (Table 1). The first record of Bd in Peru came from several dead Atelopus patazensis collected in 1999 (Venegas et al. 2008). Although recent surveys have shown that this species continues to persist, it is currently listed as critically endangered by the IUCN due to the combined effects of Bd and water pollution (IUCN 2011). Reliable data are not available on the status of other Atelopus species in Peru, though many appear to be declining (Venegas et al. 2008; von May et al. 2008), a trend seen throughout the range of this genus (La Marca et al. 2005). Population surveys for A. pulcher in northern Peru have not detected any adults in localities where they were once abundant, and one of the last individuals seen was found dead and later tested Bd-positive (Lotters et al. 2005). Another study in northern Peru failed to detect Bd in 23 individuals tested using histopathological analysis (Enciso et al. 2008). In southern Peru, the first record of Bd came from 3 of 4 Telmatobius marmoratus collected in 2002 in the Cordillera Vilcanota (Seimon et al. 2005). A later study in this region reported a range expansion in Bd to the highest altitude yet recorded (5348 m), which Seimon et al. (2007) posit might be due to the recent deglaciation and subsequent host population expansion in the region. Additionally, it appears Bd might be contributing to declines in one of the two host species in this study (Seimon et al. 2007). Most recently, Catenazzi et al. (2011) discovered dramatic declines in montane amphibian species richness and abundance in southern Peru between surveys from 1999 and 2008–2009. They attributed these declines to chytridiomycosis rather than habitat loss because Bd is widespread in the region and declines occurred within the well-protected zone of Manu National Park.
Factors that Influence First-year Students’ Academic Performance in Introductory Accounting

This study involved a systematic review of academic research conducted between 1968 and 2022 on the factors that predict academic performance in introductory accounting. Several significant predictors including prior knowledge in accounting, academic aptitude and mathematical ability, as well as personal attributes like grit and self-efficacy have been shown to influence student success in this field. The study’s findings will assist educators to adapt their programmes and integrate these predictive factors. Moreover, this research expands on the theoretical framework established by Rankin, Silvester, Wallely and Wyatt (2003), offering a holistic perspective and highlighting potential areas that warrant further investigation. Future research could explore the role of critical reasoning skills and reading comprehension’s impact as predictors of academic performance in introductory accounting.
Origin of gypsum veins by hydraulic fracture

Hydration of anhydrite to form gypsum should result in an increase in volume if all of the calcium sulphate is retained within the system. In many secondary gypsum rocks former anhydrite is replaced on a volume for volume basis, and the additional volume of gypsum appears to be present as veins which cut the associated rocks. It is suggested that in such instances the hydration was caused by water that moved up under pressure from underlying formations due to relief of overburden load. The water made entry into the anhydrite-bearing rocks by hydraulic fracture, and the gypsum of the veins grew in the water-filled fractures while the overburden was supported on the water. It is possible that the fibrous structure which characterizes many gypsum veins is an induced feature, produced when the residual water escaped from the fractures and the overburden load was transferred to the gypsum of the veins.
Conduit Processes at the Haukadalur Geyser‐Hosting Hydrothermal Field (Iceland) Revealed by In Situ Temperature and High‐Speed Camera Measurements

Geysers fascinate scientists and visitors for several centuries. However, many driving mechanisms such as heat transfer in the conduit and in the subsurface remain poorly understood. We document for the first time transient temperature variations inside the active Strokkur's and nearby quasi‐dormant Great Geysir's conduits, Iceland. While recording temperature inside the conduit, we visually monitored Strokkur's activity at the vent with a high‐speed camera, providing a high temporal resolution of the eruptions. Our results reveal heat transfer from a bubble trap to and through the conduit. We propose a model for the eruptive cycle of Strokkur that includes vapor slug rise, eruption, and conduit refill. Each water jet of an eruption is marked by an initial pulse of liquid water and vapor, emitted at a velocity between 5 and 28 m/s and generally followed by a second pulse less than a second later. The timing of eruptions coincides with temperature maxima in the conduit. After the eruption, the conduit is refilled by water falling back in the pool and drained from neighboring groundwater‐saturated geological units. This results in a temperature drop, the amplitude of which increases with depth while its period is reduced. This reflects faster heat transfer in the deeper than shallower part of the conduit. The amplitude of temperature drop following an eruption also increases with the eruption order, implying larger heat release by higher‐order eruptions. Temperature in the conduit subsequently increases until the next eruption, starting then a new cycle.
Acute Effects of Ischemic Preconditioning at Different Occlusion Pressures on Athletic Performance Indicators in Male Soccer Players

Ischemic preconditioning (IPC) has been shown to improve exercise performance, but many factors related to IPC administration are unresolved. This study evaluated the effect of IPC performed with different pressures for exercise performance. Fifteen collegiate male soccer players completed five separate sessions in randomized order. For each session, blood pressure cuffs were placed on the thigh bilaterally, and IPC was administered in 2x5 minute cycles at cuff pressures of 0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, or 100% of each participant’s limb occlusion pressure (LOP), the pressure needed to occlude arterial flow of blood to the leg. Participants then completed vertical jump, soccer passing accuracy, and 1,600 meter run tests. Repeated-measures analysis of variance was used to assess differences in outcomes across the five trials. There were no significant differences in vertical jump or passing accuracy across the five trials. However, 1,600 meter run times were significantly faster for the 50-75% trials than the 0-25% trials (mean difference 7.1-8.4 seconds). In summary, IPC pressures below LOP improved running times while not negatively influencing jumping or passing accuracy in collegiate soccer players. Improved comfort and reduced risk from using cuff pressures below LOP may facilitate more effective IPC use in field-based settings.