Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Population Structure of Codium amplivesiculatum (Chlorophyta) Associated with Rhodolith Beds from the Southwestern Gulf of California

Populations of Codium amplivesiculatum were found in association with rhodolith beds. We present population trends of C. amplivesiculatum from surveys conducted in the southwestern Gulf of California based on monthly sampling from June 1999 to August 2000. Surveys were conducted at 2 sites in the San Lorenzo Channel at depths of 8 - 12 m. The parameters measured were percent cover, biomass and structure in relation to size of the thalli. From each thallus the following measurements were taken: length and diameter, proportion of each thallus with reproductive structures and the degree of fragmentation (measured as number of small thalli). Mean biomass and cover varied seasonally with the maximum (1036.6 gm and 100% cover) present in June 2000 and the minimum in winter (0 gm and 0% cover). The longest fronds (3 m) occurred during July 1999 and August 2000, while the maximum diameters of 1.0 cm were present during October and November 1999. There were no significant linear relationships between length and diameter of the fronds, suggesting independent growth. Reproductive structures were common in June and July 1999 with monoic and dioic thalli present. Most fronds were monoic, and this is the first record of this feature for this species. Fragmentation occurred in September, and may be associated with stress from early gametangial reproduction and the combination of high temperatures and low nutrients. A hypothetical life cycle for the species is presented.
A hardware-efficient sequential logic biochemical switch model toward biosystem simulator

The purpose of this study is to build a design method of efficient hardware-based biosystem simulators. In this paper, as an example, a novel ergodic sequential logic [1] biochemical switch model is presented. The model exhibits Hopf bifurcation, saddlenode bifurcation, and pitchfork bifurcation depended on bifurcation parameters [2]. Fig. 1 shows a schematic circuit diagram of the presented model. As shown in Fig. 1, the presented model has registers, which store the following discrete state variables: $X\in Z_{N}=\{0,1,\cdots,N-1\}, Y\in Z_{N}$, where the variables are saturated at 0 and $N$ -1. As shown in Fig. 1, the presented model has other registers, which store the following discrete auxiliary variables: $A_{X}\in Z_{A}=\{0,1,\cdots,A-1\},A_{Y}\in Z_{A}$, where the variables are saturated at 0 and $A$─1. As shown in Fig. 1, the presented model receives the clock $C (t)=\Sigma_{n=0}^{\infty}p(t-nT_{C})$ where TC is period of the clock, and $p$ is an instantaneous pulse corresponding to a positive edge of a rectangular shaped clock. As shown in Fig. 1, the presented model receives the binary switch signals $S_{X}=\Sigma_{n=0}^{\infty}q(t-nT_{X}- \Phi_{X},\Omega_{X}), S_{Y}=\Sigma_{n=0}^{\infty}q(t-nT_{Y}-\Phi_{Y},\Omega_{Y})$, where $q(t,\Omega)\in\{0,1\}$ is a rectagular shaped pulse with width $\Omega;T_{X},T_{Y}$, are periods; and $\Phi_{X},\Phi_{Y}$ are initial phases. The clock $C$ triggers the following transitions of the discrete state variables.
Growth hormone gene polymorphism and its association with lactation yield in dairy cattle

Kankrej, Gir and Holstein were typed for 3 growth hormone loci to identify the expected RFLP (restriction fragment length polymorphisms) markers in exon fifth (GH1 locus), intron third (GH2 locus) and 3' region (GH3 locus) of the gene with AluI MspI and HaeIII restriction enzymes, respectively. The Kankrej breed was monomorphic at GH1 locus. The alleles A, D and F at 3 GH loci were more frequent in Kankrej and Gir cows, while the frequencies of their alternative alleles were comparatively more in Holstein cows. B and C alleles of GHI and GH2 loci, respectively, appeared to be significantly associated with higher lactation milk yield. The cows with AB and BB genotypes at GHI and CD and DD genotypes at GH2 locus yielded more or less same first lactation milk indicating complete dominance of B and D alleles over A and C alleles, respectively. The genotypes at GH3 locus were independent of lactation yields. The phylogenie tree based on genetic distances indicated that Kankrej and Gir belonged to close cluster while Holstein belonged to different cluster.
El género Ficus L. (Moraceae) en México

Ficus (Moraceae) es uno de los generos de plantas mas relevantes por su riqueza de especies, asi como por las interacciones que sostiene con sus avispas polinizadoras y un amplio espectro de frugivoros. Con base en salidas al campo, revision de literatura especializada y de 6,150 ejemplares depositados en los herbarios CH, CHAP, CHAPA, CICY, CIMI, EBUM, ENCB, F, FCME, HUAP, HUMO, IBUG, IEB, INIF, MEXU, MO, NY, SLPM, QMEX, UAMIZ, UAS, UAT, UJAT, US, XAL y ZEA, se registran 22 especies para Mexico (cinco pertenecen al subgenero Pharmacosycea y 17 al subgenero Urostigma). Se incluye una clave de identificacion, descripciones, sinonimia, problemas de circunscripcion taxonomica e ilustraciones de las especies. Los estados con mayor riqueza fueron Chiapas y Oaxaca (19 especies). Las especies con distribucion mas amplia fueron F. cotinifolia y F. pertusa (24 estados). Tres especies son endemicas de Mexico (F. lapathifolia, F. petiolaris y F. pringlei)y F. popenoei se reporta por primera vez para este pais
A Taxonomic Revision of the Family Cynoglossidae (Pisces, Pleuronectiformes) from Korea

Eight species belonging to three genera in the family Cynoglossidae of Korea are reviewed and provisional keys to species and genera are provided, with synonyms and their distribution. Among them six species collected from 1992 to 1993 are redescribed and figured in the present study; Cynoglossus interruptus, C. joyneri, C. robustus, C. semilaevis, C. abbreviatus and Paraplagusia japonica. Three species of Areliscus rhomaleus. A. trigrammus, and A. hollandi were considered as synonyms of Cynoglossus semilaevis, C. abbreviatus and C. gracilis respectively. Many tonguefishes inhabit commonly in the western and southern coast of Korea. And although Cynoglossus interruptus and C. abbreviatus are restricted only in the southern coast, C. semilaevis in the western and southwestern coast of Korea, Paraplagusia japonica occurs widely along all of the coasts of Korea.
Effect of Nursing Teaching Protocol on The Lifestyle Modification of Male Patients With Ischemic Heart Disease

Aim; evaluate the effect of nursing teaching protocol on the lifestyle modification of male patients with ischemic heart disease (IHD) through the following: 1assess the lifestyle of male patients with IHD, 2design and implement nursing teaching protocol (teaching booklet) on the lifestyle modification of male patients with IHD, 3evaluate the effect of applying a designed nursing teaching protocol on the lifestyle modification of male patients with IHD. Subjects & methods: the study was conducted in the internal medicine department and outpatient internal medicine clinic at El Kharga general hospital In New Valley governorate. A convenience sample of 50 adult IHD patients aged between (18 65) years old. This sample was divided into two equal groups; the study and the control groups (25 patients for each). Tool: Patient pattern lifestyle assessment sheet (PPLSAS) (Pre and post [after application of the teaching protocol, after two moths]). Results: showed that there was a statistically significant difference between the study &control group during the follow up period regarding health behavior (P. value 0.007), psychological aspect (P. value 0.031), and knowledge (P. value 0.001). Conclusion: the lifestyle of male patients with IHD who received the nursing teaching protocol was better than those who received the routine hospital care. Recommendations: establishment of patients educational centers in hospitals equipped by suitable related materials, media and audio-visual aids for teaching all ischemic heart disease patients how to modify their lifestyle based on their current condition.
Integrin α2β1 Mediates the Cell Attachment of the Rotavirus Neuraminidase-Resistant Variant nar3

Abstract It was previously reported that integrins α2β1, α4β1, and αXβ2 are involved in rotavirus cell infection. In this work we studied the role of integrin subunits α2, α4, and β2 on the attachment of rotaviruses RRV and nar3 to MA104 cells. Integrin α2β1 was found to serve as the binding receptor for the neuraminidase-resistant virus nar3, whereas the neuraminidase-sensitive strain RRV interacted with this integrin at a postattachment step. It was shown that nar3 binds α2β1 through the DGE integrin-recognition motif located in the virus surface protein VP5. Integrin subunits α4 and β2 do not seem to be involved in the initial cell binding of either virus.
Distribution of nutrients in the root zone affects yield, quality and blossom end rot of tomato fruits

Summary Tomato plants (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. `DRK') were grown hydroponically in two experiments to determine the effects of nutrient concentration and distribution in the root zone on yield, quality and blossom end rot (BER). The plants were grown in rockwool with their root systems divided into two portions. Each portion was irrigated with nutrient solutions with either the same or different electrical conductivity (EC) in the range 0 to 6.dS m±1. In both experiments, fruit yields decreased as EC increased from moderate to high when solutions of equal concentration were applied to both portions of the root system. However, higher yields were obtained when a solution with high EC was applied to one portion of the root system and a solution of low EC to the other portion. For example, the fresh weight of mature fruits in the 6/6 treatment was only 20% that of the 3/3 treatment but the 6/0 treatment had a yield that was 40% higher. The reduction in yield in the high EC treatments was due to an increase in the number of fruits with BER and smaller fruit size. BER increased from 12% to 88% of total fruits as EC increased from 6/0 to 6/6 and fruit length decreased from 67.mm to 52.mm. Fruit quality (expressed as titratable acidity and soluble solids) increased as EC increased. In summary, high yields of high quality tomatoes with minimal incidence of BER were obtained when one portion of the root system was supplied with a solution of high EC and the other portion with a solution of moderate or zero EC.
Inter-relationship between combining ability effects for oil and yield traits in sunflower (Helianthus annuus)

The investigation clearly indicated that the parental lines 234 A, 851 A and the testers CSFI 5014 and CSFI 5414 could be used as potential donors for improving seed and oil yield along with oil content. The hybrids, viz. CSFH 6009 (234 A × CSFI 5418), CSFH 6008 (234 A × CSFI 5014) CSFH 6021 (851 A × CSFI 5434) and CSFH 6025 (851 A × CSFI 5414) were found to be desirable based on sca effects for yield and yield contributing traits. The present investigation on inter- relationship of gca with sca revealed the predominance of non-additive gene action, viz. additive × dominance and dominance × dominance type gene interaction for most of the hybrid combinations which could be exploited for heterosis breeding programme in sunflower.
Detection of Photoreceptor Disruption after Commotio Retinae using Adaptive Optics Scanning Laser Ophthalmoscopy

• Commotio Retinae is a transient opacification of the retina due to outer retinal disruption occurring in a contre-coup fashion after blunt trauma injury.1, 2 • Histological studies in animals and humans after ocular blunt trauma have revealed that disruption occurs at the level of the photoreceptor outer segments and retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). 2, 3 • Recent reports using optical coherence tomography (OCT) have shown detectable disruption at the level of photoreceptor inner segment/outer segment junction and RPE4-7 and that these changes may be reversible overtime with restoration of normal outer retinal architecture.5, 7 • However, resolution of existing OCT technology may not be sensitive enough to detect photoreceptor disruption. • Adaptive optics (AO) imaging systems enable cellular-resolution imaging of the human retina, and there is a growing number of cases where deficits have been visible on AO images but not on OCT.8-10 • Here we present a case of subclinical photoreceptor disruption after severe head trauma as seen by adaptive optics scanning ophthalmoloscope (AOSO) images and not apparent clinically or on spectral domain-OCT (SD-OCT).
Modelling Hereditary Spastic Paraplegias using Human Pluripotent Stem Cells

Hereditary spastic paraplegias (HSP) comprise a large, heterogeneous group of genetic neurodegenerative disorders. The unifying symptom present among HSP patients is lower limb spasticity, which is caused by the degeneration of cortical spinal motor neuron (CSMN) axons. Research on various HSP subtypes has identified a number of common cellular pathways that are weak points for long projection neurons, particularly CSMNs. The focus of this work has been to generate novel cellular models of several HSP subtypes using human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs). Stem cell models were chosen because of their ability to use cells that have the same genetic background as patients generate affected neuronal subtypes. The most common HSP subtype SPG4, which is caused by dominant mutations in the SPAST gene affecting the microtubule-severing enzyme spastin, was first analyzed. This revealed that SPG4-derived telencephalic glutamatergic neurons possess a number of abnormalities, including axonal swellings, reduced fast axonal transport, and increased microtubule stabilization. Treatment with the microtubule targeting drug vinblastine rescued the axonal swelling phenotype in neurons with reduced spastin. Next SPG3A was analyzed using patientspecific iPSC-derived telencephalic neurons. SPG3A cells with a novel P342S mutation in atlastin-1 had reduced endoplasmic reticulum (ER) complexity, and neurons had reduced neurite outgrowth and fast axonal transport. Similar to SPG4, vinblastine was able to rescue the neurite outgrowth phenotype in SPG3A neurons. Lastly, two rare, autosomal recessive forms of HSP, SPG15 and SPG48, which lack spastizin and AP5Z1 expression respectively, were examined. Telencephalic glutamatergic and midbrain dopaminergic neurons showed a number of defects, including reduced neurite outgrowth, increased apoptosis, abnormal mitochondrial
Individual lactation curves in Siboney dairy cows of Cuba

The objective was to study and to model the individual lactation curves in Siboney cows comparing four mathematical models. In total, 31,631 test day milk production records (TD) of 3,697 lactations (1 to 5) from 2,632 Siboney cows of Cuba (5/8 Holstein, 3/8 Cebu Cuban) monthly recorded between 1994 and 2003 were adjusted using the functions of Wood, Wilmink, Ali-Schaeffer and Legendre polynomials. The parameters were estimated using nonlinear regressions and the goodness of fit was measured by the adjusted coefficient of determination (RA). Values of RA> 0.75 in 23, 24, 28, and 36 % of the lactations for the models of Wood, Wilmink, Ali-Schaeffer and Legendre polynomials, respectively, were obtained. The models of Wood and Wilmink described four types of curves and the models of Ali-Schaeffer and the Legendre polynomials 17 and 20 for 32 possible theoretical groups. The correlations among the parameters of Ali-Schaeffer function were higher than that estimated for the Legendre polynomials. The proposed functions represented the different shapes among lactation curves and in particular the five parameters models detected higher diversity related to the rest of the function. This pointed that even if additional detected shapes can be considered as derivations of the two classical groups of typical or atypical curves, this practice could compromise the variability among lactation curves inside a herd, therefore further studies are needed.
DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS FOR MAINTENANCE: FACILITY MANAGERS’ PERSPECTIVE

Maintainability is one of the considerations designers take into account in the design stage of building construction projects. In other words, maintainability is a design consideration that may improve ease of maintenance during operation. The designer is expected to include maintenance knowledge and experience into the design, including planning for specific tools to facilitate implementation. Maintainability issues appear during the occupancy stage and have a direct impact on the cost of owning and operating a facility. Annual operation and maintenance expenses during the life cycle of a building could amount to many times the initial construction cost. Design deficiencies constitute one of the main reasons for high annual maintenance cost. Facility management involves activities to maintain and operate a constructed facility. It is essential to evaluate facility managers’ perspective on how maintainability characteristics should be considered at design phase of facilities. A survey of 168 facility managers in the mid-west region of the US is uncovered that (1) maintainability should be top priority in design, especially for mechanical systems, (2) deferred maintenance should be avoided because it increases costs over the life-cycle of buildings, and (3) constructed facilities should be handed over with a maintenance schedule provided by the designer. Paying special attention to maintainability in the design phase is expected to help reducing the cost of operation.
The metabolizability of wheat and inedible pasta as affected by xylanase supplementation.

An adult rooster study was conducted to compare energy metabolizability of three energy feeds in response to enzyme addition. The corn, wheat and inedible pasta (wastes) samples, each from two sources, were force fed to 58-wk-old adult cockerels according to McNab and Blair procedure. To evaluate the effect of enzyme on improvement of metabolizable energy values, 1000 units/kg xylanase from a crude preparation was added to these various energy sources. The apparent DM digestibilities of these three feedstuffs were highly significantly (P < 0.01) different, with the highest values for inedible pasta. Enzyme addition of 1000 units/kg had no significant effect on DM digestibility. The apparent fat digestibility and nitrogen retention values were also different among these feedstuffs. The average AME values of corn, wheat and inedible pasta were determined to be 3060, 3069 and 3419 kcal/kg, respectively. The respective values for AMEn were 3464, 3304 and 3671 kcal/kg. The enzyme addition affected (P < 0.05) the metabolizability coefficients when ME values of corn samples were ignored, but when corn data were participated in calculations, the effect of xylanase was not apparent. The results show that the inedible pasta can be used in poultry diets as a good alternative energy source and enzyme supplementation additionally improves its feeding value.
Passage performance and physiological stress response of adult white sturgeon ascending a laboratory fishway

Summary Our study objective was to test passage performance of adult wild-caught white sturgeon Acipenser transmontanus (123–225 cm TL) in a simulated mid-section of a 24.4-m-long experimental fishway incorporating vertical barriers, a 4% bed slope, and a series of five, paired vertical baffles (with 0.61-m slot widths) to dissipate flowing-water kinetic energy as well as to provide guidance for upstream migration. Fish, in good physical condition, reaching the upstream end of our flume in both the low (50% of the fish) and high (48%) tailwater treatments exceeded that of fish in poor condition (5%). To assist in evaluating performance we examined the physiological stress responses of a small sample of these sturgeon. Blood samples from four, cannulated fish showed post-swimming peaks in hematocrit and plasma cortisol concentrations, compared with pre-swimming and (24-h) post-experiment levels. In addition, plasma pH showed decreases and mean plasma lactate showed increases post-swimming, indicating white-muscle recruitment. Overall, a relatively high percentage of adult white sturgeon in good physical condition, successfully ascended the sturgeon-compatible fishway and displayed burst-swimming-associated stress responses typical of many teleostean fishes, followed by complete recovery after 24 h.
Green fluorescent protein as a reporter in the Brassica–Leptosphaeria maculans interaction

Leptosphaeria maculans, the fungus which causes blackleg of oilseed Brassica spp. , was transformed with a gene encoding the reporter molecule Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP). The Aspergillus nidulans gpdA promoter was fused to the GFP gene to enable constitutive expression, and this was used to follow disease progression. Also, the GFP gene was fused to the L. maculans promoter for cyanide hydratase (Cht), a fungal enzyme that catalyses the detoxification of cyanide. Northern analyses and fluorescence image analyses of L. maculans transformed with this construct confirmed that GFP transcription occurred under similar conditions to that of Cht. GFP was expressed from the Cht promoter in cotyledon lesions on Brassica napus and Brassica juncea, and the high level of fluorescence in stem lesions indicated that Cht is also transcribed during infection of the stem.
Divlja svinja (Sus scrofa l.) – od biologije do kuhinje

SAŽETAK Divlja svinja je naša autohtona divljač čija je brojnost posljednjih godina u znatnom porastu. Upravo ta brojnost određuje i odnos čovjeka prema ovoj divljači. U cilju pravilnijeg uzgoja nužne su određene preinake uzgojnih modela kao i primjene novijih spoznaja vezanih uz oblike vladanja. Sve to valja pratiti redovit i pravilan odstrjel. Stečeni se trupovi divljih svinja nakon potvrde higijenske ispravnosti mogu iskoristiti na više načina. Pozitivan kemijski sastav mesa, posebice mlađih kategorija, svrstava meso divljih svinja u visoko kvalitetne namirnice ugodna okusa. Ipak, nužno je dodatno naglasiti neophodnost kontrole mesa na trihinelozu. Ključne riječi: divlja svinja, uzgoj, kvalitetna namirnica, trihineloza
The Role of Human Ubc9 During the Human Immunodeficiency Virus Replication Cycle

i Acknowledgments.iii Table of contents.v List of abbreviations.viii Chapter I: Introduction and literature review.1 Human immunodeficiency virus.1 Virion structure.2 Viral genome and transcriptional regulation.3 Viral proteins and function.4 Gag.4 Replication enzymes (Protease, Reverse transcriptase, and Integrase). 5 Envelope glycoprotein.7 Accessory proteins (Vif, Vpu, Vpr, Nef, Tat, and Rev). 8 HIV-1 life cycle.11 Early events.12 Late events.13 Host factors that are involved in virion assembly.17 Ubc9, SUMOylation, and Retroviruses.23 Ubc9 and SUMOylation.26 Ubc9 and SUMOylation in autophagy regulation.28 Research aims.29