Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Assessment of individual differences for aftereffect of viewing autostereoscopic 3D display

The representation of images on autostereoscopic 3D display often suffers from visual fatigue induced by stereoscopic images (VFSI) and visually induced motion sickness (VIMS), deriving from conflict between accommodation and convergence and from mismatches between vestibule system and visual system of viewers, respectively. In this study, a subjective experiment was conducted to investigate the implications of age and gender on the visual discomfort when watching the 3D video clips with four levels of parallax on autostereoscopic 3D display. This study found that the age of observers significantly affected both VFSI and VIMS symptoms. The young observers reported more serious VFSI and VIMS symptoms than the middle and elderly, while the three age groups had significantly pairwise difference for VIMS symptoms. Although gender differences did not exist in the ratio of VFSI symptoms, females had significant higher VIMS scores than males. The effect of parallax on symptom scores varied with age and gender. The elderly and male observers could endure larger parallax when compared to other groups. Furthermore, considering viewing safety for observers, it is recommended to limit parallax to a threshold of 40′.
Solitary wave scattering by segmented arc-shaped breakwater

An analytical solution is presented to study a plane solitary wave propagating past a concentric segmented arc-shaped breakwater using the matched eigenfunction and separation of variable methods. The undetermined potential coefficients are obtained based on matching conditions. The numerical results of this study are found to agree well with previous calculation results. The major factors (including the number of arc-shaped breakwaters, opening angle, incident angle, and gap width) that affecting the hydrodynamic loads and diffracted wave surface are discussed. The results indicate that the shielding effect of a segmented two-arc breakwater with a small gap width is better than that of an unsegmented arc-shaped breakwater. However, the arrangement of the segmented arc impacts the sheltering effect. Numerical results provide a valuable reference for the hydrodynamic analyses and structural design of segmented arc-shaped breakwaters.
Effects of Genetic Origin of Honeybees and Climate on Prevalence and Infestation Levels of Varroa

Simple Summary Varroa is a parasite of honeybees and is one of the main problems that beekeeping faces worldwide: it affects honey production and is involved in colony losses reported in some parts of the world. The objective of this study was to assess the effect of honeybee genetic origin, climate type and the interactions between these two variables on the prevalence and infestation levels of Varroa in a large population of 1134 colonies. The morphotype, haplotype and climate type of each colony were determined. The results indicate that the climate has an effect on the prevalence and infestation levels of Varroa: both were higher in the temperate sub-humid climate than in the semi-warm climate and the warm sub-humid climate. The morphotype has no effect: there were no differences between Africanized, European and Hybrid honeybees for the prevalence and infestations levels of Varroa. The haplotype has an effect on prevalence but not on infestation levels, and the African haplotype has a higher prevalence than the European haplotype, but no differences were found between the two haplotypes for infestation levels of Varroa. Correlations between Varroa infestation levels and mean annual temperature, mean annual precipitation, winter precipitation and the Lang index were found. Abstract The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of honeybee genetic origin, climate type and the interactions between these variables on the prevalence and infestation levels of Varroa in a large population of honeybee colonies (n = 1134). For each colony, the morphotype, haplotype and climate type were determined. No differences between the Africanized, European and Hybrid morphotypes were found for the prevalence and infestation levels of Varroa (p > 0.05). Differences between honeybee haplotypes were found for the prevalence of Varroa (p < 0.05), and the prevalence was higher in the African haplotype than in the European haplotype. No differences between honeybee haplotypes were found for the infestation levels of Varroa (p > 0.05). Differences were found between climate type for the prevalence and infestation levels of Varroa (p < 0.05): the temperate sub-humid climate had a higher prevalence and higher infestation levels than the semi-warm climate and the warm sub-humid climate. Correlations between the infestation levels of Varroa and mean annual temperature, mean annual precipitation, winter precipitation and Lang index were found.
Shifts in the Isotopic Composition of Nitrous Oxide Between El Niño and La Niña in the Eastern Tropical South Pacific

The El Niño‐Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is a natural climate phenomenon that alters the biogeochemical and physical dynamics of the Eastern Tropical Pacific Ocean. Its two phases, El Niño and La Niña, are characterized by decreased and increased coastal upwelling, respectively, which have cascading effects on primary productivity, organic matter supply, and ocean‐atmosphere interactions. The Eastern Tropical South Pacific oxygen minimum zone is a source of nitrous oxide (N2O), a potent greenhouse gas, to the atmosphere. Here, we present the first study to directly compare N2O sources during opposing ENSO phases using N2O isotopocule analyses. Our data show that during La Niña, N2O accumulation increased six‐fold in the upper 100 m of the water column, and N2O fluxes to the atmosphere increased up to 20‐fold. N2O isotopocule data demonstrated substantial increases in δ18O up to 60.5‰ and decreases in δ15Nβ down to −10.3‰ in the oxycline, signaling a shift in N2O cycling during La Niña compared to El Niño. During El Niño, N2O production was primarily due to ammonia‐oxidizing archaea, whereas during La Niña, N2O production by incomplete denitrification supplemented that from ammonia‐oxidation, with N2O consumption likely maintaining the high site preference values (up to 26.7‰). Ultimately, our results illustrate a strong connection between upwelling intensity, biogeochemistry, and N2O flux to the atmosphere. Additionally, they highlight the combined power of N2O isotopocule analysis and repeat measurements in the same region to constrain N2O interannual variability and cycling dynamics under different climate scenarios.
PETROLOGY OF QUATERNARY BASALTS OF TABAS (EAST OF IRAN)

Nd-Sr Abstract In southeastern Tabas there is a 400 square kilometer area of Quaternary basalts, which is geologically located in Lut zone. According to petrographic studies and EMPA analysis, the textures of these rocks are generally porphyric and some times aphyric. The phenocrysts of these basalts are generally chrisolite, augite, and plagioclase (andesine to labradorite), which are embedded in a texture of plagioclase microlites and small blades of pyroxene. According to the diagrams of accumulative amount of alkaline against the amount of SiO2, the nature of the magma is alkaline to sub-alkaline. The reason for the sub-alkaline character of some of these rocks is that the alkaline magma has been contaminated with crust materials. One of the most important reasons for this is the reduction of niobium in rocks enriched with SiO2. The alkaline samples have normative nepheline and the sub-alkaline samples normative quartz. The studies of Nd and Sr isotopes have confirmed the crust contamination and also the source for early magma of basalts is the upper parts of mantle. Based on the field studies and tectonomagmatic diagrams, these basalts are of intercontinental type because of the activities of great fault of Nayband in Quaternary and separation in their cross Archive of SID
Abundance and distribution of holothurians on the fringing reef flats of Grande Terre, Mayotte, Indian Ocean

No detailed research has yet been carried out on holothurians, or “papacajo” in the Mahorian language, in Mayotte. Contrary to Madagascar, the gathering and exploitation of this resource for the Asian market have only developed recently, and on a limited scale (Pouget 2004). No special action has been taken towards sustainable management of the fishery. The potential development of this activity therefore justifies research into the fishery and the state of the resource. This article presents an assessment of the specific richness, abundance and distribution of holothurians on the fringing reef flats of Grande Terre.
Empirical error functions for monthly mean Arctic sea-ice drift

Empirical error functions for 6 different low-resolution Arctic sea-ice drift products are presented on monthly time-scales. To assess the error statistics of the Eulerian ice-drift products, we use high-resolution Lagrangian sea-ice drift obtained from synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images. We processed the Lagrangian drift to Eulerian drift vectors and used them as a reference for the error assessment. Unlike sea-ice buoy trajectory data traditionally used for that purpose, SAR offers a much larger number of data, which enables us to do a thorough assessment of the error statistics of the Eulerian products under different ice conditions. We find that the error statistics differ between the products and between the seasons. For some products the error is dependent on ice drift speed, while for others the error is rather dependent on ice concentration or on both. The summer ice drifts have roughly a two times larger error than the winter drifts, and show significant mean biases. The calculated empirical error functions allow us to derive uncertainty maps for the respective products. These maps can be used for model validation and data assimilation.
Continental deep subduction and exhumation dynamics:Evidence from the main hole of the Chinese Continental Scientific Drilling and the Sulu HP-UHP metamorphic terrane.

Detailed studies of ultrahigh-pressure(UHP)rocks from the Maim Hole of the Chinese Continental Scientific Drilling (CCSD-MH)and the Sulu metamorphic terrane have provided following important constraints for the deep subduction and exhumation dynamics of continent:(1)the Sulu HP-UHP metamorphic terrane consists of the south and north Sulu basements with differente protolithic ages and rock associations;(2)The common occurrence of UHP mineral inclusions(e.g.,coesite)in zircons of eclogites and their country-rocks from the Sulu terrane suggests that voluminous continental materials were subducted to the mantle depth (200km)and has resulted in the UHP metamorphism;(3)Careful SHRIMP U-Pb dating on the zoned zircons separated from various metamorphic rocks identify three discrete and meaningful age groups:the prograde metamorphism of quartz eclogite-facies occurred at 240～252Ma,the UHP peak metamorphic event was at 230～237Ma,and the later amphibolite-facies retrograde overprint took place at 207～218Ma.These age groups combined with previous P-T estimations suggest that voluminous Proterozoic continental materials experienced a fast subduction and rapid exhumation P-T-t evolution. (4)Ti-Fe-rich gabbros were transformed into the rutile- rich eclogite by the UHP metamorphism during the deep continental subduction,and a large titanium deposit was formed by this process;(5)Petrofabric and rheological characteristics of omphacite and olivine during deep subduction have been determined by microstructure analyses of eclogite and garnet-peridotite and EBSD mesuments of omphacite and olivine;(6)During the deep continental subduction,voluminous surface water was transported into the mantle with a depth greater than 100～200km by the hydrous and nominally anhydrous UHP minerals.A supercritical hydrous melt was formed by the breakdown of hydrous UHP minerals at the extremely UHP metamorphic conditions,and has resulted in the material exchange between the crust and mantle,and the lithosphere fractionation;(7)The Sulu HP-UHP metamorphic terrane formed an extrusion nappe structures during the exhumation stage,which was related to the extrusion chennal flow mechanism in the deeply subducted slab;(8)Two new models for the deep continental subduction-exhumation dynamics,i.e.,the deep subduction erosion mode for the continent-continent collision and the polyphase subduction/exhumation mode for continental crust,have been establsihed.
Recrutement des poissons dans le fjord du Saguenay

La faune ichtyologique du fjord du Saguenay est composee de plus de 60 especes de poissons marins, diadromes et dulcicoles dont plusieurs font l’objet d’une peche recreative comme l’eperlan arc-en-ciel anadrome (Osmerus mordax), le sebaste (Sebastes spp.), la morue franche (Gadus morhua), la morue ogac (Gadus ogac) et le fletan du Groenland (Reinhardtius hippoglossoides). On ignore si le recrutement des poissons marins exploites par la peche recreative dans le Saguenay depend de la production des stocks locaux ou des echanges avec les populations de l’estuaire du Saint-Laurent. Nous avons donc etudie la distribution spatio-temporelle de l’ichtyoplancton dans le fjord du Saguenay afin d’identifier les zones de production, de retention et d’advection larvaires dans le but d’y preciser les mecanismes de recrutement des stocks de poissons. L’ichtyoplancton a ete echantillonne a 21 stations sur le fjord du Saguenay a six occasions, de mai a octobre 2004, et a cinq occasions, de juin a septembre 2005. Les resultats montrent que le recrutement du capelan et de l’eperlan arc‑en‑ciel anadrome repose sur la production et la retention des larves dans le fjord du Saguenay. Cependant, le recrutement des sebastes et des morues dependrait de l’immigration de juveniles en provenance de l’estuaire du Saint-Laurent. Ces resultats sont supportes par une revue des resultats des etudes anterieures sur les poissons du fjord du Saguenay. L’etude des mecanismes de recrutement des stocks de poissons du fjord du Saguenay favorise l’exploitation durable de ces ressources halieutiques conformement a la mission de Peches et Oceans Canada et dans le respect du programme de conservation du parc marin du Saguenay‑Saint-Laurent.
Presence of MDSC associates with impaired antigen-specific T cell reactivity following COVID-19 vaccination in cirrhotic patients

Background and aims Cirrhosis entails high risk of serious infections and abated efficiency of vaccination, but the underlying mechanisms are only partially understood. This study aimed at characterizing innate and adaptive immune functions, including antigen-specific T cell responses to COVID-19 vaccination, in patients with compensated and decompensated cirrhosis. Methods Immune phenotype and function in peripheral blood from 42 cirrhotic patients and 44 age-matched healthy controls were analysed after two doses of the mRNA-based COVID-19 vaccines [BNT162b2 (Pfizer BioNTech) or mRNA-1273 (Moderna)]. Results Cirrhotic patients showed significantly reduced blood counts of antigen-presenting dendritic cells (DC) and high counts of monocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cells (M-MDSC) as compared to healthy controls. In addition, monocytic cells recovered from cirrhotic patients showed impaired expression of the antigen-presenting molecule HLA-DR and the co-stimulatory molecule CD86 upon Toll-like receptor (TLR) stimulation. These features were more prominent in patients with decompensated cirrhosis (Child-Pugh classes B & C). Interestingly, while patients with compensated cirrhosis (Child-Pugh class A) showed an inflammatory profile with myeloid cells producing the proinflammatory cytokines IL-6 and TNF, decompensated patients produced reduced levels of these cytokines. Cirrhotic patients, in particular those with more advanced end-stage liver disease, mounted reduced antigen-specific T cell reactivity to COVID-19 vaccination. Vaccine efficiency inversely correlated with levels of M-MDSC. Conclusion These results implicate MDSC as mediators of immunosuppression, with ensuing deficiency of vaccine-specific T cell responses, in cirrhosis.
EFEITOS DA CONTRIBUIÇÃO ANTRÓPICA SOBRE AS ÁGUAS DO RIO NEGRO, NA CIDADE DE MANAUS, ESTADO DO AMAZONAS

O rio Negro, na orla de Manaus, recebe se seus tributários urbanos efluentes domésticos e industriais, que influem na qualidade da água. Com o intuito de avaliar o efeito da ação antrópica no rio Negro, foram analisadas variáveis físicas e químicas e os quantificou o teor de metais Cd, Cu, Cr, Mn, Ni, Pb e Zn. Os resultados mostraram descaracterização das condições naturais na foz dos igarapés São Raimundo (FISR) e Educandos (FIE) e a jusante destes (JIE), que são os dois maiores tributários urbanos e receptores de esgotos domésticos e efluentes industriais. Dos meais somente cobre e zinco estão abaixo do limite máximo desejável para águas destinadas ao abastecimento público, preconizado pela portaria 518 do Ministério da Saúde. No entanto, apesar da poluição dos tributários urbanos, o rio Negro, mantém, ainda, sua capacidade de diluir os poluentes, principalmente, no período de maior volume de água.
Immunogenic Biomarkers HMGB1 and sRAGE Are Potential Diagnostic Tools for Ovarian Malignancies

Simple Summary Ovarian cancer is often diagnosed only in advanced stages, which limits therapeutic options and prognosis. Therefore, better and easily accessible methods for the early diagnosis of ovarian cancer are needed. In particular, blood-based biomarkers seem to be promising candidates for the accurate detection of ovarian cancer. We determined the concentrations of the two proteins HMGB1 and sRAGE in the sera of 231 women with ovarian cancer, benign diseases and without known gynecologic disease. In the analyses of receiver operating characteristics, both HMGB1 and sRAGE could distinguish patients with ovarian cancer from healthy women (area under the curve (AUC) 0.77 and 0.65), benign diseases (AUC 0.72 and 0.61) or all non-malignant cases (AUC 0.74 and 0.63). Moreover, the ratio of HMGB1/sRAGE differentiated even better between malignancies and other cases (AUC 0.78, 0.74 and 0.76, respectively). In conclusion, HMGB1 and sRAGE are potential candidates for the development of assays for early diagnosis of ovarian cancer and warrant inclusion in further validation studies. Abstract Background: High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), soluble receptor of advanced glycation end products (sRAGE) and programmed cell death markers PD-1 and PD-L1 are immunogenic serum biomarkers that may serve as novel diagnostic tools for cancer diagnosis. Methods: We investigated the four markers in sera of 231 women, among them 76 with ovarian cancer, 87 with benign diseases and 68 healthy controls, using enzyme immunoassays. Discrimination between groups was calculated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and sensitivities at fixed 90% and 95% specificities. Results: HMGB1 levels were significantly elevated and sRAGE levels were decreased in cancer patients as compared to benign and healthy controls. In consequence, the ratio of HMGB1 and sRAGE discriminated best between diagnostic groups. The areas under the curve (AUCs) of the ROC curves for differentiation of cancer vs. healthy were 0.77 for HMGB1, 0.65 for sRAGE and 0.78 for the HMGB1/sRAGE ratio, and slightly lower for the differentiation of cancer vs. benigns with 0.72 for HMGB1, 0.61 for sRAGE and 0.74 for the ratio of both. The highest sensitivities for cancer detection at 90% specificity versus benign diseases were achieved using HMGB1 with 41.3% and the HMGB1/sRAGE ratio with 39.2%, followed by sRAGE with 18.9%. PD-1 showed only minor and PD-L1 no power for discrimination between ovarian cancer and benign diseases. Conclusion: HMGB1 and sRAGE have differential diagnostic potential for ovarian cancer detection and warrant inclusion in further validation studies.
Lung Inflammatory Genes in Cystic Fibrosis and Their Relevance to Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator Modulator Therapies

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a monogenic syndrome determined by over 2000 mutations in the CF Transmembrane Conductance Regulator (CFTR) gene harbored on chromosome 7. In people with CF (PWCF), lung disease is the major determinant of morbidity and mortality and is characterized by a clinical phenotype which differs in the presence of equal mutational assets, indicating that genetic and environmental modifiers play an important role in this variability. Airway inflammation determines the pathophysiology of CF lung disease (CFLD) both at its onset and progression. In this narrative review, we aim to depict the inflammatory process in CF lung, with a particular emphasis on those genetic polymorphisms that could modify the clinical outcome of the respiratory disease in PWCF. The natural history of CF has been changed since the introduction of CFTR modulator therapies in the clinical arena. However, also in this case, there is a patient-to-patient variable response. We provide an overview on inflammatory/immunity gene variants that affect CFLD severity and an appraisal of the effects of CFTR modulator therapies on the inflammatory process in lung disease and how this knowledge may advance the optimization of the management of PWCF.
A model for studies of tropospheric ozone and nonmethane hydrocarbons: Model evaluation of ozone-related species

[1] A global three-dimensional model for studies of the tropospheric chemistry of HOx, ozone, and their precursors is thoroughly evaluated with available observations of 15 species from surface stations and/or aircraft campaigns. The effect of grid-resolution was studied by comparing the measurements to model runs at a high (∼1.9° × 1.9°) and a reduced resolution. This study is a follow-up to a previous paper where the model was described and results for ozone were discussed. A statistical analysis of the complete comparison of each species is also presented in order to serve as a quantitative baseline for future evaluations. The seasonality and magnitude of the CO abundance is well simulated except for an overestimate of up to 20 nmol/mol in southern low latitudes. The tropospheric mean methane lifetime is calculated to be 8.7 and 9.1 years for the high- and low-resolution run, respectively, in agreement with recent estimates. Industrial emissions of alkanes from North America appear to be too low in the current data set. Indications for a biogenic source of propane were found by comparing with measurements over the Amazon rain forest. Alkene emissions from oceans are underestimated in the model indicating that they are higher than previous studies suggested. Nitrogen species are mostly reproduced within a factor of 2 or better, but a general bias to underestimate HNO3 and to overpredict peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN), especially in remote regions could also be found. NO was well simulated in the lower and mid troposphere, but significantly understimated in the upper troposphere. A sensitivity run shows that studies are needed to better constrain the rate constants for the thermal equilibrium of PAN. Acetone is often underestimated indicating that additional wide-spread sources, likely oceanic, are present. The comparison with other oxygenated species (acetaldehyde, methanol, formic and acetic acid) indicates severe gaps in our understanding of the present budgets of these species. In particular the underestimate of acetaldehyde implies large missing sources (order 100 Tg/yr) of this compound.