Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Ashes to Caches: Is Dust Dust Among the Heterarchichal Maya?

Caches and burials, or specially placed deposits of all types, among the Classic Period lowland Maya represent the material remains of religious or ritual behaviors. These behaviors are shared by people of all economic levels but expanded according to available economic resources. Discussions of these aspects of material culture commonly focus on elite or upscale examples found within various contexts. At Tikal, as at other Lowland Maya sites, the expression of these rituals varied by the wealth of the participants. Elite offerings involved greater quantities of precious and durable goods such as jade, marine shell, and elaborate lithic items. [FIGURE 1] Less affluent Maya utilized wooden or paper equivalents in performing these same rituals. Perishable goods and objects of lesser economic value, including foodstuffs that were placed in caches, today survive, with rare exception, only in the form of the dust of decay. The “ashes” from burned items, perhaps even some wood ash associated with human remains, may have been buried in special deposits. Narrowing our analytical focus on ashes or dust, or what may be the remains of goods not readily evident in these ritual contexts may provide direct evidence for cultural uniformity that has been obscured by time and our techniques of study. Traditional macroscopic study may blur our understanding of Maya society. Directing greater attention to the recovery and analysis of ephemeral materials from contexts representing all economic strata reveals the cultural uniformity underlying Maya society. Similarities among the categories of goods found as grave offerings, and parallels in caching behavior, confirm the heterarchichal organization postulated for the Classic Period Maya.
Methods for correcting and analyzing gene families

Gene families are groups of genes that have descended from a common ancestral gene present in the species under study. Current, widely used gene family building algorithms are prone to producing incomplete families (under-clustering) or families containing wrong or nonfamily sequences (over-clustering). In this work, we present a sequence-pair-classification-based method that, first, inspects given families for under-clustering and then predicts the missing sequences for the families using family-specific alignment score cutoffs. We test this method on a set of curated, gold-standard families from the Yeast Gene Order Browser (YGOB) database, including 20 yeast species. To check if the method can detect and correct incomplete families obtained using existing family building methods, we test this method on under-clustered yeast families produced using the OrthoFinder tool. We demonstrate the utility of the pairclassification method in merging small, fragmented legume families into larger families, built using the OrthoFinder tool, from 14 legumes species belonging to subfamily Papilionoideae of the plant family Leguminosae. We provide recommendations on different types of familyspecific alignment score cutoffs that can be used for predicting the missing sequences based on the “purity” of under-clustered families and the chosen precision and recall for prediction. Finally, we provide the containerized version of the pair-classification method that can be applied on any given set of gene families. In addition to the pair-based classification method, we present a simple hidden Markov model (HMM)-based protocol for merging fragmented families and a phylogeny-based protocol for detecting and splitting over-clustered families. We apply these methods for improving the legume gene families built from 14 legumes species belonging to subfamily Papilionoideae of the plant family Leguminosae, using a custom family building method, that utilizes differences
Impact Assessment of Skidding Extraction: Effects on Physical and Chemical Properties of Forest Soils and on Maple Seedling Growing along the Skid Trail

Several studies investigated soil disturbances caused on skid trails by forest logging. However, there is still a lack of knowledge about the severity and the distance of disturbances along both sides from the trails. The aims of this study were: i) to investigate the changes in physical and chemical properties of soil along the sides of skidding trails; ii) to measure the effects of soil compaction on of maple seedlings growth. Two levels of trail gradient (< 20% and >20 %), four levels of traffic frequency (3, 8, 15, and 30 passes) and four distance buffer strip zones (0.5 m intervals from 0 to 2 m in distance) on both sides of skid trail edges were analyzed. Each treatment included three replicate plots. In order to investigate the effect of compaction on seedlings emergence and growth, maple seeds were sown after logging. The results highlighted significant changes in physical and chemical properties of soil for each traffic frequency in the closest buffer strip (from 0 to 0.5 m from the skid trail edges). The largest changes in soil properties were identified at 0.5 m distance zones for a slope gradient > 20% after 3, 8, 15, and 30 skidding cycles. The highest changes were recorded on slope category >20%. The higher the soil compaction the lower the germination rate, root length, and stem height of seedlings.
Prediction, Planning, and Coordination of Thousand-Warehousing-Robot Networks With Motion and Communication Uncertainties

In this article, we focus on resolving the traffic flow prediction, robot path planning, and motion coordination problems in large-scale warehousing robotics systems with thousand-robot networks. The warehousing environment is partitioned into several sectors, and a hierarchical framework is developed, which includes a centralized prediction and planning level and a decentralized local coordination level. In the centralized level, a traffic flow prediction algorithm is first proposed to predict the evolution of the robot density distribution in a future horizon and estimate the future traffic heat value of each sector. Based on this, the sector-level robot path can be generated in the time-expended sector graph by comprehensively considering the traveling distance and the predicted traffic heat value and will be dynamically updated by considering the most recent traffic information. In the coordination level, local cooperative A* algorithm, incorporated with the conflict-based searching strategy, is implemented within each sector to generate conflict-free road-level paths for all the robots in the sector simultaneously, and the rolling planning scheme is utilized in order to immediately react to robot motion uncertainties and communication disconnections. The effectiveness and practical applicability of the proposed approach are validated by large-scale simulations with more than one 1000 robots and real laboratory experiments. Note to Practitioners—Considering practical situations and requirements in industrial warehouses and automated logistics systems, this article resolves the life-long planning and coordination problems of large-scale robot networks and ensures the practical execution performance in the presence of robot motion uncertainties and temporary communication disconnections. Our main idea is to reduce robot congestions and improve warehouse working efficiency by balancing the traffic flow in the whole environment. To achieve this, we present a traffic flow prediction algorithm to estimate the robot density distribution in a future horizon and take this information into consideration in sector-level path planning. The reliability, scalability, and the real-time performance of the proposed solution are achieved by the presented hierarchical system framework and the dynamic planning scheme. The proposed concept and approach can also be used to coordinate other large-scale systems with multirobot or multi-AGV networks. Simulation and experimental results suggest that the proposed solution is effective and practically applicable, but a saturation phenomenon of the system capacity can be observed under a very heavy workload. In the future, we will investigate the relation between the maximum system capacity and the environment structure and make further efforts to optimize the environment structure and road layout in order to improve the warehouse working efficiency.
THE TIME BUDGETS AND ACTIVITIES OF ORIENTIAL WHITE STORK (CICONIA CICONIA BOYCIANA) IN CAPTIVITY IN SPRING

笼养东方白鹳春季日节律行为和时间分配的研究结果表明 :其各种行为的时间分配不同 ,并出现较明显的日节律。 节律变化与饲养方式和笼舍环境等因素有关 ,性别、年龄、繁殖与否等影响其时间分配。
The roles of microtubules and membrane tension in axonal beading, retraction, and atrophy

Axonal beading—formation of a series of swellings along the axon—and retraction are commonly observed shape transformations that precede axonal atrophy in Alzheimer’s, Parkinson, and other neurodegenerative conditions. The mechanisms driving these morphological transformations are poorly understood. Here we report controlled experiments which can induce either beading or retraction and follow the time evolution of these responses. By making quantitative analysis of the shape modes under different conditions, measurement of membrane tension, and using theoretical considerations, we argue that membrane tension is the main driving force that pushes cytosol out of the axon when microtubules are degraded, causing axonal thinning. Under pharmacological perturbation, atrophy is always retrograde and this is set by a gradient in the microtubule stability. The nature of microtubule depolymerization dictates the type of shape transformation vis à vis beading or retraction. Elucidating the mechanisms of these shape transformations will facilitate development of strategies to prevent or arrest axonal atrophy due to neurodegenerative conditions.
Sorting in Combination with Quality Scoring: A Tool for Industry Professionals to Identify Drivers of Wine Quality Rapidly

Quality plays an important role in the criteria directing wine product development. The evaluation of sensory characteristics associated with wine quality, as perceived by industry professionals, is therefore important. We investigated the suitability of the free-sorting sensory evaluation method, in combination with wine quality scoring using a 20-point scoring system, to determine the drivers of quality. Eight commercial South African Sauvignon blanc wines were assessed by a panel of 24 wine industry professionals. Free sorting with a verbalisation step to describe the groups, followed by quality scoring using score sheets routinely used in the wine industry, was performed. A multivariate sensory map was constructed using DISTATIS to explain the similarities and differences amongst the set of wines. Correspondence analysis (CA) was applied to the group descriptors, and CA deviates were calculated. Pearson’s correlation coefficients between CA deviates and the quality scores were calculated to identify the drivers of quality. Significant differences in quality were observed between the wines. The sensory attributes “passion fruit”, “green pepper”, “peas”, “asparagus” and “green” were frequently cited by the panel for the wines that received the highest average quality scores, and these attributes were identified as drivers of quality. In this study, a procedure is presented that combines sorting and quality scoring to investigate the relationship between sensory attributes and quality scores to identify the drivers of wine quality. Industry professionals and research environments can use this procedure to determine drivers of wine quality in a single evaluation session.
Mapping the structure and biological functions within mesenchymal bodies using microfluidics

MSC spheroids self-organize in a hierarchical manner, resulting in a spatial patterning of the function of individual cells. Organoids that recapitulate the functional hallmarks of anatomic structures comprise cell populations able to self-organize cohesively in 3D. However, the rules underlying organoid formation in vitro remain poorly understood because a correlative analysis of individual cell fate and spatial organization has been challenging. Here, we use a novel microfluidics platform to investigate the mechanisms determining the formation of organoids by human mesenchymal stromal cells that recapitulate the early steps of condensation initiating bone repair in vivo. We find that heterogeneous mesenchymal stromal cells self-organize in 3D in a developmentally hierarchical manner. We demonstrate a link between structural organization and local regulation of specific molecular signaling pathways such as NF-κB and actin polymerization, which modulate osteo-endocrine functions. This study emphasizes the importance of resolving spatial heterogeneities within cellular aggregates to link organization and functional properties, enabling a better understanding of the mechanisms controlling organoid formation, relevant to organogenesis and tissue repair.
A Case Study of Deformation Measurements of Istanbul Land Walls via Terrestrial Laser Scanning

Historical structures, buildings, bridges, and walls are very sensitive to deformations which can be caused by many factors, such as winds, heavy rains, extreme temperature variations, ground and soil settlements, tectonic loadings, and others. The mapping of 3-D deformation maps of building provides an opportunity not only to understand the structural changes, but also to detect zones with a potential risk of damage. The high spatial resolution of terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) technology allows monitoring historical buildings with millimeter accuracy. Two towers of Istanbul Land Walls were surveyed three times with the 5-month time interval. The accurate deviation maps were obtained from TLS's data by comparing epochs. Between first two campaigns, there happened an earthquake with the magnitude of Mw 5.7 with the epicenter of approximately 60 km from the study area. The findings and outputs of this article indicate that earthquake had a great impact on the monitored structures and deformations were found up to 15 mm for the tower I and up to 20 mm for the tower II.
Comparative study of seasonal variation in proximate composition and nutritional quality of farmed and wild Indian butter catfish (Ompok bimaculatus) in Tripura India

In the present study the biochemical compositions of farm raised pabda (FP) and wild pabda (WP) caught from Gomti River of Tripura, India was analyzed to record their proximate compositions in terms of environmental and seasonal variations. Farm raised pabda (FP) and WP with similar length and weight were collected from College of Fisheries Tripura. The different biochemical, macro and micro mineral contents were examined monthly samples from July-2012 to February-2013. The parameters were recorded namely moisture, ash and protein content. The results showed that there was no significant differences (p>0.05) in FP and WP, except in lipid content which was higher in FP (6.73-7.32%) than in WP (5.35-7.26%). The seasonal variation in proximate composition was recorded as there was gradually increase in the protein and lipid content from the month July to February whereas the moisture content was decreased at same time. Similarly the mineral concentration showed the higher in WP compared to FP except Iron (Fe) content. Iron content significantly higher (p
Electric Spring Using MPUC5 Inverter for Mitigating Harmonics and Voltage Fluctuations

This article introduces a novel configuration of electric spring (ES) based on the modified five-level packed u-cell (MPUC5) inverter for mitigating harmonics and voltage fluctuations at various points of a grid with unstable generated power from distributed renewable energy sources. Immanent merits of the proposed configuration include, but are not limited to, halved dc-links voltages, boost mode operation, the possibility of higher power applications, smooth five-level voltage waveform with low total harmonic distortion (THD) index, the smaller size of output low-pass filter, and low switching frequency. The operation principles, design procedure, and configuration of the MPUC5-based ES (MPUC5-ES) are also presented. Besides, a simple and yet efficient controller without any extra control loop for regulating dc bus voltages has been proposed. Finally, the introduced multilevel ES is tested through extensive simulation and experimental studies to confirm its dynamic and steady-state performances in various operation modes in a weak grid fed by both conventional and intermittent renewable energy sources.
Association studies in pigeonpea [Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.]

The present investigation was conducted during the kharif season of 2018 to obtain the knowledge of nature and magnitude of genetic parameters and its utilization in development of superior varieties of pigeonpea [Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp. ]. The results indicated that the genotypes showed significant variability for all the traits studied. The moderate estimates of genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV) were observed for pods per plant, yield per plot, days to 50% flowering, test weight, pod length and days to maturity, while the traits branches per plant, seed per pod and plant height exhibited low estimates of GCV. High heritability accompanied along with high genetic gain was recorded for days to 50% flowering, days to 80% maturity, test weight and grain yield. Grain yield showed positive correlation with pods per plant and branches per plant. Path analysis revealed that pods per plant and branches per plant were the major component of grain yield. Over all study showed that selection may effective for the pods per plant, branches par plant, test weight, days to 50% flowering and days to 80% maturity for development of early maturing and high yielding genotypes in pigeonpea.
Environmental assessment in tropical streams by using abundance-biomass curves and W index in fish assemblages

ABSTRACT We investigated the fish fauna response to different environmental conditions of urban (three) and rural (seven) streams through biomass/abundance curves and W index of environmental stress. Negative values of W indicate some level of stress, while positive values suggest environments with lower stress. Dissolved oxygen, marginal erosion (both left and right margins), mesohabitat diversity, and percentage of canopy cover were measured to characterize the 10 streams analysed around Maringá city, Southern Brazil. Fish were sampled by electrofishing, then identified and weighed. Results showed negative values of W to the urban streams and positive to the rural. Urban streams showed a tendency to have assemblages of fish with lower biomass and greater abundance (r-strategists).
Embedded Streaming Principal Components Analysis for Network Load Reduction in Structural Health Monitoring

Principal component analysis (PCA) is a well-established approach commonly used for dimensionality reduction. However, its computational cost and memory requirements hamper the adoption of PCA in heavily resource-constrained embedded platforms. Streaming approaches have been proposed that may enable embedded implementations of the PCA. Among them, the history PCA (HPCA) algorithm stands out for its robustness to the variability in parameters and accuracy. This article presents a parallel and memory-efficient implementation of HPCA in a structural health monitoring (SHM) application based on a heterogeneous network with sensor nodes measuring three-axial accelerations and gateways collecting measurements from several nodes and sending them to the cloud storage and analytic facility. In the targeted application, standard PCA reaches <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$15\times $ </tex-math></inline-formula> compression factor with an average reconstruction signal-to-noise ratio of 16 dB and a negligible impact on the accuracy in the tracking of structural modal frequencies. By embedding HPCA on our SHM network gateways, we achieve the same compression factor as standard PCA, with more than <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$1000\times $ </tex-math></inline-formula> reduction in data memory footprint for running the algorithm. Furthermore, we parallelize HPCA on the gateway, and we achieve a speedup of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$7.1\times $ </tex-math></inline-formula> (on 8 cores). Finally, we explore a fixed-point HPCA implementation on sensors (network end nodes), that maximally distributes compression workload, minimizes required communication bandwidth, and maintains the same quality of reconstruction as HPCA in floating point, with a compression factor of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$10\times $ </tex-math></inline-formula>.
A Whole-School Approach to Promoting Staff Wellbeing

: A caring school community can enhance whole-school wellbeing including the wellbeing of school staff, which directly impacts on student academic, social and emotional wellbeing. This study firstly examines the validity and reliability of a proposed whole-school staff wellbeing evaluation tool which uses a set of whole-school wellbeing indicators to identify strengths and areas for improvement within the school environment which may be impacting on staff wellbeing. Secondly, the association between factors found within the whole-school staff wellbeing tool with staff self-reported mental health are examined, and finally, the influence of person characteristics and role of factors on perceived whole-school staff wellbeing are determined. Cross-sectional data were collected from 801 school staff from six non-government schools in Australia as part of the School Staff Wellbeing Project. Results confirmed and validated the hypothesised structure of the whole-school staff wellbeing evaluation tool with staff relationships (leadership, staff), staff engagement (active, supported), staff emotional wellbeing (supported through policies and opportunities) and school climate (culture and values) found to be significant predictors of mental health. Prioritising resources to building supportive staff relationships, school climate, and providing opportunities to promote staff emotional wellbeing, were found to have the greatest impact on staff mental health. Characteristics such as age, gender, education, role, and length of time working in schools predicted perceptions of the whole-school’s general wellbeing. The whole-school staff wellbeing evaluation tool provides a useful screening and self-evaluation measure to identify whole-school staff wellbeing strengths and areas for improvement in staff wellbeing. different relationship wellbeing and their health. This study explores the relationship between whole-school staff wellbeing and staff-reported mental health, and individual staff characteristics which influence perceptions of whole-school staff wellbeing. Results of this study highlight the importance of the school as a health promoting context for its staff, where a school operating as a caring community, characterised by a sense of belonging and common goals, caring and collegial relationships and meaningful and influential engagement, can impact positively on staff wellbeing. An ecological, systemic approach can enhance school staff mental health through addressing staff relationships, staff engagement, emotional wellbeing, and school climate. Prioritising resources to build supportive staff relationships, school policies promoting the emotional wellbeing of staff, and school culture and values appear to positively impact staff mental health. Continued monitoring and evaluation of whole-school interventions to identify strengths and needs to improve staff wellbeing is recommended.