Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Responses of Urban Bird Assemblages to Land-Sparing and Land-Sharing Development Styles in Two Argentinian Cities

Simple Summary Urbanization negatively affects biodiversity worldwide. As cities are expected to grow in the future, alternative urban developments which allow the conservation of biodiversity within cities are required. Our main aim was to compare the response of bird assemblages to two alternative urban development styles (land-sparing vs. land-sharing) in two Argentinian cities: Santa Fe and Buenos Aires. Additionally, we assessed the response of bird assemblages to landscape features (the coverage of vegetation and distance to the main rivers) and human activity (represented by pedestrian rate and environmental noise). In Buenos Aires, land-sparing enhanced species richness, whereas land-sharing favored the Shannon diversity and Simpson diversity. The pedestrian traffic was negatively associated with bird diversity. We found that each urban development style supported different bird assemblages during the breeding season. Bird species composition was also related to the surrounding coverage of vegetation. Therefore, our study shows that both urban development styles support different bird assemblages, especially during the breeding season, and indicate the need of reducing pedestrian traffic and increasing the coverage of vegetation to enhance species diversity and composition in both cities. Abstract Urbanization negatively affects biodiversity worldwide. Consequently, alternative urban development styles are required for an eco-friendlier urbanization process. Thus, two development styles have been suggested: land-sharing (buildings mixed with dispersed green space) and land-sparing (buildings interspersed with large green patches). We assessed differences in species diversity and composition of bird assemblages between both development styles in two Argentinian cities: Santa Fe and Buenos Aires. We surveyed birds in land-sharing and land-sparing areas during the breeding and non-breeding seasons. As a control, we also surveyed birds in areas dominated by impervious surfaces. At a local scale, we also measured the environmental noise and pedestrian traffic. At a landscape scale, we measured the percent vegetation cover surrounding development styles and their distance to the main river. In Buenos Aires, species richness was higher in land-sparing than in land-sharing. However, the Shannon diversity and Simpson diversity were higher in land-sharing. In Santa Fe, both urban development styles supported similar species richness and diversity. Species composition varied between land-sharing and land-sparing in both cities during the breeding season. The pedestrian traffic was negatively associated with species diversity. Therefore, both development styles and strategies to reduce pedestrian traffic should be taken into account to enhance different components of species diversity and composition within the urban matrix.
Two-dimensional effects in the hydrodynamic expansion of xenon clusters under intense laser irradiation

The inherently two-dimensional nature of the hydrodynamic expansion of large xenon clusters irradiated by intense laser fields is shown in measurements of ion and electron emission as a function of laser pulse duration. These reveal correlation between a resonance in energy absorption by the clusters and asymmetry in cluster expansion. An extension of the hydrodynamic model accounts for the observations; an earlier interpretation of the electron spectrum is found to be incorrect.
Coupled mode analysis of multiple rough surface scattering

The range dependent boundary condition imposed by a rough surface serves to couple the normal modes of an underwater acoustic field. Beginning with the parabolic wave equation, the solution is expanded in terms of normal mode depth functions modulated by random amplitudes having a quasistatic time dependence. A system of master equations for the quantities 〈an(r,t) a*n(r,t+τ) 〉 is derived, where the an(r,t) are the normal mode amplitudes. It is found that for τ≠0, the sideband spectra (analytically obtained by Fourier transformation of the temporal coherence function with respect to τ) has information with regard to the directionality of the wind driving the rough surface. For τ=0 we obtain a system of equations for the mean power in each mode describing the transfer of energy between modes. Explicit formulas for the coupling coefficients (transition probabilities) are obtained in terms of the spectrum of the rough surface. The formalism is applied to multiple ocean surface scattering to long ranges. Tran.
Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices toward Hepatitis B Infection among Healthcare Students—A Nationwide Cross-Sectional Study in Jordan

The World Health Organization has estimated that around 66 thousand HBV infection cases are caused by needlestick injuries annually. Healthcare students should be aware of HBV transmission routes and preventive measures. This study assessed the knowledge, attitudes, and practices toward HBV among Jordanian healthcare students and its associated factors. A cross-national study was conducted from March to August 2022. The questionnaire was composed of four sections: participants’ sociodemographics, knowledge, attitudes, and practices about HBV, and 2322 participants were enrolled. The collected responses were analyzed with SPSS software (version 25 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA)) using descriptive statistics, unpaired t-tests, chi-square tests, and multivariate regression analyses. A p-value ≤ 0.05 was considered statistically significant. The results showed that 67.9% were females, 26.4% were medical students, and 35.9% were in their 3rd year. Overall, 40% of the participants held high levels of knowledge and attitudes. Further, 63.9% of participants had good practices toward HBV. Gender, year of study, encountering HBV patients, college, and having extra HBV courses were associated with high levels of KAP. This study demonstrated insufficient knowledge and attitudes toward HBV; however, the practice level toward HBV among healthcare students was promising. Therefore, public health efforts should modify the knowledge and attitude gaps to reinforce awareness and minimize the risk of infection.
Blind Deconvolution via Sequential Imputations

Abstract The sequential imputation procedure is applied to adaptively and sequentially reconstruct discrete input signals that are blurred by an unknown linear moving average channel and contaminated by additive Gaussian noises, a problem known as blind deconvolution in digital communication. A rejuvenation procedure for improving the efficiency of sequential imputation is introduced and theoretically justified. The proposed method does not require the channel to be nonminimum phase and can be used in real time signal restoration. Two simulated systems are studied to illustrate the proposed method. Our result shows that the ideas of multiple imputations and flexible simulation techniques are as powerful in engineering as in survey sampling.
Binary model for the coma cluster of galaxies

We study the dynamics of galaxies in the Coma cluster and find that the cluster is probably dominated by a central binary of galaxies NGC 4874--NGC4889. We estimate their total mass to be about 3 x 10/sup 14/ M/sub sun/ by two independent methods (assuming in Hubble constant of 100 km s/sup -1/ Mpc/sup -1/). This binary is efficient in dynamically ejecting smaller galaxies, some of of which are seen in projection against the inner 3/sup 0/ radius of the cluster and which, if erroneously considered as bound members, cause a serious overestimate of the mass of the entire cluster. Taking account of the ejected galaxies, we estimate the total cluster mass to be 4--9 x 10/sup 14/ M/sub sun/, with a corresponding mass-to-light ratio for a typical galaxy in the range of 20--120 solar units. The origin of the secondary maximum observed in the radial surface density profile is studied. We consider it to be a remnant of a shell of galaxies which formed around the central binary. This shell expanded, then collapsed into the binary, and is now reexpanding. This is supported by the coincidence of the minimum in the cluster eccentricity and radical velocity dispersion at themore » same radial distance as the secondary maximum. Numerical simulations of a cluster model with a massive central binary and a spherical shell of test particles are performed, and they reproduce the observed shape, galaxy density, and radial velocity distributions in the Coma cluster fairly well. Consequences of extending the model to other clusters are discussed. « less
ℋ︁∞ control of discrete‐time Markov jump systems with bounded transition probabilities

This paper deals with the class of discrete‐time linear systems with random abrupt changes and unknown transition probabilities but varying between known bounds for each mode. The ℋ︁∞ control problem of this class of systems is revisited and new sufficient conditions are developed in the linear matrix inequality (LMI) setting to design the state‐feedback controller that stochastically stabilizes the system under consideration and at the same time guarantees the disturbance rejection with a desired level γ . Sufficient conditions for existence of the state‐feedback controller are developed. It is shown that the addressed problem can be solved if the corresponding developed LMIs are feasible. Numerical examples are employed to show the usefulness of the proposed results. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Relation between Caring Leadership and Crisis Management during Covid 19 as Perceived by Nursing Staff

Background: Caring leadership concern for others that can positively affect on the behave of the nursing staff in crisis management during COVID-19. Aim of this study: Assess the relation between caring leadership and crisis management during COVID-19 as perceived by nursing staff. Study design: A descriptive correlational design was utilized. Setting: The study was conducted at Benha University Hospital in all Critical Care Units. Subjects: Consisted of all the available head nurses and their assistance 50 and the staff nurses 250 in all critical care unit. Tools of data collection: Two tools were used in data collection; Caring Leadership Questionnaire and Crisis Management Questionnaire. Results: Clarified that the highest percent (90.0% & 77.2%) of the head nurses and staff nurses respectively had high levels toward caring leadership during COVID-19. While the lowest percentage (4.0% & 3.6) of head nurses and staff nurses respectively had low levels. Also, the highest percentage (60.0%&75.2%) of head nurses and staff nurses respectively had high levels toward crisis management during COVID-19. While the lowest percentage (22.0%&3.2%) of the head nurses and staff nurses respectively had low levels. Conclusion: There was a highly statistically significant positive correlation between total score of caring leadership and total score of crisis management during COVID-19 as perceived by nursing staff. Recommendations: Head nurses provide nurses with supportive environment to achieve work goal. Also, conducting training programs and workshop to the nursing staff to improve their knowledge about managing COVID-19 as the proper using of oxygen therapy with COVID-19 patient
Electron-phonon interaction in a quantum wire in the Bloch-Gruneisen regime

We investigate the one-dimensional electron gas (1DEG) interaction with three-dimensional (3D) acoustic phonons in a quantum wire (QWR) by calculating the temperature $T$ and electron concentration ${n}_{l}$ dependence of phonon drag thermopower ${S}^{g}$ and energy loss rate $P$ in the Bloch-Gruneisen regime taking account of static screening. Electron scattering by acoustic phonons through piezoelectric field and deformation potential is considered. At very low temperature, ${S}^{g}$ and $P$ are dominated by the contribution due to piezoelectric scattering. The contribution due to deformation potential becomes significant at relatively higher temperature. The power laws for $T$ and ${n}_{l}$ dependences of ${S}^{g}$ and $P$ are obtained. The screening affects weakly the power of $T$ and significantly the power of ${n}_{l}$. The interesting feature is that ${S}^{g}$ is reduced by a factor of ${({\ensuremath{\nu}}_{s}∕{\ensuremath{\nu}}_{F})}^{2}$, where ${\ensuremath{\nu}}_{s}$ is the sound velocity and ${\ensuremath{\nu}}_{F}$ is the Fermi velocity, compared to that in two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG). A qualitative comparison is made between the calculated and experimentally observed energy loss rate in etched InGaAs QWRs. Herring's law ${S}^{g}{\ensuremath{\mu}}_{p}\ensuremath{\sim}{T}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ (${\ensuremath{\mu}}_{p}$ is the phonon limited mobility) is validated in QWR. Our results are compared with those in 2DEG.
Complete chloroplast genome sequence of Solanum iopetalum, one of the tuber-bearing wild potato relatives

Abstract Solanum iopetalum belongs to the Solanaceae family and is one of the tuber-bearing wild Solanum species. In this study, chloroplast genome sequencing of the species, completed with Illumina sequencing technology, is presented. The length of the chloroplast genome is 155,625 bp with a GC content of 37.86%. It comprises a large single copy (LSC) region of 86,057 bp, a small single copy (SSC) region of 18,382 bp, and two inverted repeat regions (IRa and IRb) of 25,593 bp. Additionally, 158 functional genes in the genome are identified, including 105 protein-coding genes, 8 ribosomal RNAs, and 45 transfer RNAs. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that S. iopetalum is grouped into a large clade with other Solanum species, including cultivated potatoes (S. tuberosum) and is closely related to Mexican Solanum species (S. stoloniferum, S. verrucosum, S. hougasii, S. hjertingii, and S. demissum). This study provides useful genomic information for future breeding and evolutionary studies of S. iopetalum and other Solanum species.
Insect Tarsus-Inspired Compliant Robotic Gripper With Soft Adhesive Pads for Versatile and Stable Object Grasping

Grasping multiple object types (versatile object grasping) with a single gripper is always a challenging task in robotic manipulation. Different types of grippers, including rigid and soft, have been developed to try to achieve the task. However, each gripper type is still restricted to specific object types. In nature, many insects can be observed to use only one tarsus mechanism to cope with several tasks. They have a very high grasping capability with objects and can adhere to a variety of surface types. Inspired by insect tarsus, this paper proposes a novel underactuated, single cable-driven, compliant gripper design. The structure of the gripper is based on the hornet tarsus morphology with a proportional scale. An additional pulley-like structure is introduced to increase the generated grasping torque. To maintain the ability to automatically rebound back to the original position, a torsion spring is implemented at each joint. In order to stably grasp and hold objects, soft adhesive pads with an asymmetric sawtooth-like surface structure are attached at the tarsus segments. The performance of this insect tarsus-inspired gripper with the soft pads is evaluated by grasping 35 different objects of various sizes, shapes, and weights for comparison with industrial soft and rigid grippers. The proposed gripper shows a 100% success rate in grasping all objects, while the soft and rigid gripper success rates are 81.90% and 91.43% on average, respectively. We finally demonstrate the use of our gripper installed on a robot arm for pick-and-place and pouring tasks.
Stochastic stabilization of a noisy linear system with a fixed-rate adaptive quantizer

Zooming type adaptive quantizers have been introduced in the networked control literature as efficient coders for stabilizing open-loop unstable noise-free systems connected over noiseless channels with arbitrary initial conditions. Such quantizers can be regarded as a special class of the Goodman-Gersho adaptive quantizers. In this paper, we provide a stochastic stability result for such quantizers when the system is driven by an additive noise process. Conditions leading to stability are evaluated when the system is driven by noise with non-compact support for its probability measure. It is shown that zooming quantizers are efficient and almost achieve the fundamental lower bound of the logarithm of the absolute value of an unstable eigenvalue. In particular, such quantizers are asymptotically optimal when the unstable pole of the linear system is large for a weak form of stability.
On Undiscounted Non-Linear Optimal Multiple Stopping

We study and formulate an undiscounted non-linear optimal multiple stopping problem, with an application to the valuation of the perpetual American-style discretely monitored Asian options. When the reward process is continuous, we follow a vector-valued approach. Under the right-continuity of this process, the problem can be reduced to a sequence of ordinary optimal stopping problems. In the Markovian case, we characterise the value function of the problem in terms of excessive functions. Finally, in case of a regular diffusion, we provide an optimal sequence of stopping times. The results are illustrated by some examples, where the value function of the problem is given explicitly.
Oblique propagation of arbitrary amplitude ion acoustic solitary waves in anisotropic electron positron ion plasma

The oblique propagation of arbitrary ion acoustic solitary waves (IASWs) in magnetized electron-positron-ion plasmas is investigated by employing Sagdeev pseudopotential approach. Ions are assumed to be adiabatic having anisotropic thermal pressure. Electrons and positrons are considered to be isothermal, following Maxwellian distribution. In terms of electrostatic potential, Sagdeev potential function is obtained and analyzed numerically in the context of relevant plasma configuration parameters. The existence region of solitary pulses is defined accurately. It is investigated how several plasma configuration parameters, such as the positron concentration, parallel, and perpendicular ion pressure affect soliton characteristics.
Similarity and Dimensional Methods in Mechanics

Preface to Ninth Edition. Preface to Eighth Edition. Preface to Sixth Edition. Preface to Third Edition. Preface to First Edition. General Dimensional Theory for Different Quantities. Similarity, Modeling, and Various Examples of Application of the Dimensional Theory. Application to the Turbulence Theory and the Theory of a Viscous Fluid Motion. One-Dimensional Unsteady-State Gas Motions. Introduction to the Theory of Gas Machines. Application to Astrophysics Problems.
Lactoferrin concentration in bovine milk: validation of radial immunodiffusion technique, sources of variation, and association to udder health status

Abstract The present study aimed to evaluate analytical performances of radial immunodiffusion (RID) technique for the quantification of milk lactoferrin (LF), and to investigate the main sources of variation of LF concentration in individual milk samples of Holstein Friesian (HF, n = 1516) and Simmental (SI, n = 230) cows. Repeatability (RSDr) and reproducibility (RSDR) of RID method were assessed as relative standard deviation of 15 measurements within the same day and 45 measurements across 3 d, respectively. Sources of variation of milk LF were investigated through a mixed linear model which included the fixed effects of classes of stage of lactation and parity (and their interaction), cow breed, udder health status (UHS, based on somatic cell count and differential somatic cell count), and the random effects of the herd-test day nested within breed and the residual. Method performances were satisfactory in terms of repeatability (RSDr < 9%) and reproducibility (RSDR < 8%), suggesting that the RID can be considered as a consistent cow-side test for the quantification of milk LF. Milk LF was positively associated with somatic cell score (r = 0.40) and negatively with lactose content (r = −0.33). Lower concentration of LF was observed in milk of ‘healthy’ and ‘susceptible’ cows (13.03 and 12.87 mg/dL, respectively) compared to ‘mastitic’ and ‘chronic’ cows (17.91 and 17.33 mg/dL, respectively). In this light, milk LF has the potential to be a useful biomarker to detect early mastitis. Further research is advisable to deepen the association between milk LF content and observed clinical mastitis. Highlights Radial immunodiffusion method for milk lactoferrin quantification is repeatable and reproducible. Somatic cell count is positively associated with milk lactoferrin content. Milk lactoferrin is less concentrated in milk of healthy and susceptible than potentially mastitic and chronic cows.
Dual Identity in Repressive Contexts: An Agent-Based Model of Protest Dynamics

Protest campaign movements are often carried out by coalitions rather than by homogeneous groups. Accordingly, an opposition member has both a narrow partisan identity and a broad all-opposition identity. Seeking to prevent mass political participation, autocracies can repress protesters regardless of their group membership or apply the “divide and conquer” principle, targeting specific groups. Any strategy of repression drives some dynamics of identity. For instance, broad repression may rally the opposition by increasing broad identity at the expense of narrow identity. This dynamic of identity causes complex dynamics of motivation for participation in the protest, which affects the turnout. The paper introduces a computational model to describe the dynamics of the turnout. The model employs the social identity model of collective action (SIMCA) and accounts for the dual protest identity.
The hairpin resonator: A plasma density measuring technique revisited

A microwave resonator probe is a resonant structure from which the relative permittivity of the surrounding medium can be determined. Two types of microwave resonator probes (referred to here as hairpin probes) have been designed and built to determine the electron density in a low-pressure gas discharge. One type, a transmission probe, is a functional equivalent of the original microwave resonator probe introduced by R. L. Stenzel [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 47, 603 (1976)], modified to increase coupling to the hairpin structure and to minimize plasma perturbation. The second type, a reflection probe, differs from the transmission probe in that it requires only one coaxial feeder cable. A sheath correction, based on the fluid equations for collisionless ions in a cylindrical electron-free sheath, is presented here to account for the sheath that naturally forms about the hairpin structure immersed in plasma. The sheath correction extends the range of electron density that can be accurately measured with a particu.