Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
STRESSES IN PT/PB(ZR,TI)O3/PT THIN-FILM STACKS FOR INTEGRATED FERROELECTRIC CAPACITORS

A study of the stresses in a ferroelectric capacitor stack deposited on an oxidized silicon substrate is presented. The capacitor stack was prepared with sputtered Pt bottom and top electrodes and a ferroelectric film of composition PbZrxTi1−xO3 (PZT) with x≊0.5 which was deposited using a modified sol‐gel technique. The stresses were determined by the changes in the radius of curvature of the wafer following the deposition steps, during and after annealing treatments, and after etching steps in which the top electrode, the PZT film, and the bottom electrode were successively removed. The largest stress effects are found in the Pt electrodes which are deposited under conditions giving an intrinsic compressive stress. An annealing treatment exceeding 500 °C changed the stress of the bottom electrode from ≊−750 MPa (compressive) to a large tensile stress (≊1 GPa). This stress is largely thermal and is caused by the differences in thermal‐expansion coefficients of the Pt film and the Si substrate. The stress.
In situ diagnostics of ionospheric plasma with the resonance cone technique

Electron density and temperature profiles in the mid latitude ionosphere are derived from the ”resonance cone” in the radiation pattern of high-frequency point antennas aboard a sounding rocket. By comparing the shapes for reversed wave propagation direction it is possible to study electron drift motion and field-aligned beams. The data from the COREX-I (Cooperative Resonance Cone Experiment) experiment show close agreement of electron density and temperature profiles from resonance cones with results from independent instruments. There was no indication of a substantial temperature anomaly at E region altitude during this flight. An unexpected electron drift can be interpreted as electron Hall current in the presheath of the negatively charged payload. Field-aligned beams, which have been suggested in connection with the temperature anomaly, were not detected.
Metallicity distribution and abundance ratios in the stars of the Galactic bulge

Using chemical evolution models, it is shown that the metallicity distribution of bulge K giants can be very well reproduced under the relatively simple assumptions. These are: fast evolution characterized by a fast collapse, a very efficient star-formation rate relative to the solar vicinity region, and an initial mass function (IMF) with a slightly lower power index than the Salpeter one. Numerical experiments are reported which show that the range of variation for the star-formation efficiency and the time scale of formation of the system needed to reproduce the main characteristics of bulge stars is quite narrow. The major uncertainty resides in the IMF. A prediction is made of the abundance ratios of alpha elements with respect to iron which should be found in bulge stars, and which are independent of adopted IMF. 19 refs.
RESEARCH ON VEHICLE-BASED DRIVER STATUS/PERFORMANCE MONITORING; DEVELOPMENT, VALIDATION, AND REFINEMENT OF ALGORITHMS FOR DETECTION OF DRIVER DROWSINESS. FINAL REPORT

This report summarizes the results of a 3-year research project to develop reliable algorithms for the detection of motor vehicle driver impairment due to drowsiness. These algorithms are based on driving performance measures that can potentially be computed on-board a vehicle during highway driving, such as measures of steering wheel movements and lane tracking. A principal objective of such algorithms is that they correlate highly with, and thus are indicative of, psychophysiological measures of driver alertness/fatigue. Additional objectives are that developed algorithms produce low false alarm rates, that there should be minimal encumbering of (interference with) the driver, and that the algorithms should be suitable for later field testing. This report describes driving simulation and other studies performed to develop, validate, and refine such algorithms.
Prevalence of pre-extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (Pre XDR-TB) and extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (XDR-TB) among extra pulmonary (EP) multidrug resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) at a tertiary care center in Mumbai in pre Bedaquiline (BDQ) era

Background: Drug-resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB) is the most exigent and calamitous challenge encountered in treatment of TB. Extra pulmonary (EP) DR-TB poses a complex diagnostic and therapeutic challenge owing to myriad of presentations and paucibacillary nature. Data available on this subset is limited. We studied the prevalence of EPDR-TB cases among the total DR-TB cases visiting our Programmatic management of Drug-Resistant TB (PMDT) site. We also studied the demographic and microbiological profile of these cases and analyzed the prevalence of pre-extensively drug-resistant TB (pre XDR-TB) and extensively drug-resistant TB (XDR-TB) among patients of EPDR-TB in pre Bdq era. Results: Of the 1086 DR-TB patients, 64 (5.89%) were cases of EPDR-TB. Seven out of 64 (10.93%) were primary EPDR-TB. The site wise distribution of cases was 34 (53.125%) lymph node DR-TB, 18 (28.125%) pleural DR-TB, 9 (14.0625%) spinal DR-TB/paraspinal abscess/psoas abscess, 1 case (1.5625%) each of abdominal DR-TB, sternal and gluteal abscess. On the basis of the second-line drug susceptibility testing (DST), patients were grouped into: (1) multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB), (2) MDR-TB with fluoroquinolone (FQ) resistance {pre XDR XDR-TB (FQ)}, (3) MDR-TB with second-line injectable (SLI) resistance {pre XDR XDR-TB (SLI)}, (4) XDR-TB. Of the 64 patients, 43 (67.185%) had MDR-TB, 19 (29.687%) had preXDR-TB (FQ), none had preXDR-TB (SLI) and 2 (3.125%) had XDR-TB. Gastro esophageal reflux disease (GERD) was the most common comorbidity seen in 26 (40.6%) patients, followed by anemia in 5 (7.8%), psychiatry problems 5 (7.8%), hypertension in 3 (4.6%), renal disorders in 2 (3.1%) while thyroid disorder, HIV and thalassemia in 1 each (1.5%). Conclusion: EPDR-TB forms a small but significant proportion of total DR-TB. Lymph node DR-TB is its most common subclass. Our study emphasises the momentousness and essentiality of baseline DST to FQ and SLI in patients of DR-TB. This enables an appropriate modification of therapy at baseline itself to better the treatment outcomes. We observed a strikingly high proportion of preXDR-TB (FQ) in our study group.
Neural Dynamics and Newton–Raphson Iteration for Nonlinear Optimization

In this paper, a special type of neural dynamics (ND) is generalized and investigated for time-varying and static scalar-valued nonlinear optimization. In addition, for comparative purpose, the gradient-based neural dynamics (or termed gradient dynamics (GD)) is studied for nonlinear optimization. Moreover, for possible digital hardware realization, discrete-time ND (DTND) models are developed. With the linear activation function used and with the step size being 1, the DTND model reduces to Newton–Raphson iteration (NRI) for solving the static nonlinear optimization problems. That is, the well-known NRI method can be viewed as a special case of the DTND model. Besides, the geometric representation of the ND models is given for time-varying nonlinear optimization. Numerical results demonstrate the efficacy and advantages of the proposed ND models for time-varying and static nonlinear optimization.
Relationship between total losses under tensile stress in 3 percent Si-Fe single crystals and their orientations near

The relationship between the total loss under tensile stress and the tilt angle of the [001] out of crystal surface β was studied in 3 percent Si-Fe single crystals. The total loss largely depends upon β. When β is about 2°, the total loss under tensile stress is the smallest, and the decrease of the total loss due to tensile stress is the largest. When β is less than about 2°, the total loss increases as β decreases. In the case of perfect
LATTICE DYNAMICS STUDY OF ANISOTROPIC HEAT CONDUCTION IN SUPERLATTICES

Past studies suggest that phonon confinement and the associated group velocity reduction are the causes of the observed drop in the cross-plane thermal conductivity of semiconductor superlattices. In this work, we investigate the contribution of phonon confinement to the in-plane thermal conductivity of superlattices and the anisotropic effects of phonon confinement on the thermal conductivity in different directions, using a lattice dynamics model. The dispersion relation in a free-standing quantum well is calculated and compared with superlattices. We find that the reduced phonon group velocity due to phonon confinement may account for the dramatic reduction in the cross-plane thermal conductivity in superlattices, but the in-plane thermal conductivity drop, caused by the reduced group velocity, is small and cannot explain the reported experimental results. This suggests that the reduced relaxation time due to diffuse interface phonon scattering, dislocation scattering, etc., should make a major contribution to the in-plane thermal conductivity reduction in superlattices.
Universal Domination and Stochastic Domination: Estimation Simultaneously Under a Broad Class of Loss Functions

Several theoretical questions are resolved in this paper. In particular the criterion of universal domination is shown to be equivalent to the criterion of stochastic domination that compares the estimators by the stochastic ordering of their Euclidean distances from the estimators to the true parameter. Concrete results about universal domination relating to the usual estimator are also established. In particular when X - 0 has a p-variate t distribution, and p = 1, 2, there exists no estimator for 0 that universally dominates X; however, for p 2 3, estimators (of the type of James-Stein positive part estimators) that universally dominate X are specified. When X has a p-variate normal distribution with mean 0 and identity covariance matrix, we show that for any dimension p, no James-Stein positive part estimators universally dominate X. However, under slightly smaller classes of losses, some JamesStein positive part estimators are shown to simultaneously dominate X. These hitherto unstudied losses are bounded and fairly practical.
Labor Market Outcomes of Vocational High Schools (SMK) and General High Schools (SMA) during the COVID-19 Pandemic

The fourth Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) adopts a lifelong learning approach to education and introduces vocational and tertiary education into the global agenda. While Vocational Education and Training (VET) was almost absent in previous international development frameworks, the agenda 2030 and its SDGs highlight greater importance to it. Consequently, many governments in developing countries promote vocational secondary education to improve labor market outcomes. This study aimed to determine the development of return on investment for Vocational High Schools (SMK) and Senior High Schools (SMA) in 2020. The data used the August 2020 National Labor Force Survey (SAKERNAS) data with Two-Step Heckman and the Mincer Revenue Function. As a result, in 2020, the return on investment in vocational education was 16.82% higher than the rate of return on investment in high school education. However, observed by the age group, the results show that SMK only provides an initial wage advantage for men, which then declines with age. Although male SMK graduates experienced poorer results, female SMK graduates did not experience the same decline.
Application of satellite surface wind data to ocean wind analysis

A new set of cross-calibrated, multi-satellite ocean surface wind data is described. The principal data set covers the global ocean for the period beginning in 1987 with six-hour and 25-km resolution, and is produced by combining all ocean surface wind speed observations from SSM/I, AMSR-E, and TMI, and all ocean surface wind vector observations from QuikSCAT and SeaWinds. An enhanced variational analysis method (VAM) performs quality control and combines these data with available conventional ship and buoy data and ECMWF analyses. The VAM analyses fit the data used very closely and contain small-scale structures not present in operational analyses. Comparisons with withheld WindSat observations are also shown to be very good. These data sets should be extremely useful to atmospheric and oceanic research, and to air-sea interaction studies.
Parameter estimation from load-sharing system data using the expectation–maximization algorithm

This article considers a system of multiple components connected in parallel. As components fail one by one, the remaining working components share the total load applied to the system. This is commonly referred to as load sharing in the reliability engineering literature. This article considers the traditional approach to the modeling of a load-sharing system under the assumption of the existence of underlying hypothetical latent random variables. Using the Expectation–Maximization (EM) algorithm, a methodology is proposed to obtain the maximum likelihood estimates in such a model in the case where the underlying lifetime distribution of the components is lognormal or normal. The proposed EM method is also illustrated and substantiated using numerical examples. The estimates obtained using the EM algorithm are compared with those obtained using the Broyden–Fletcher–Goldfarb–Shanno algorithm, which falls under the class of numerical methods known as Newton or quasi-Newton methods. The results show that the estimates obtained using the proposed EM method always converge to a unique global maximizer, whereas the estimates obtained using the Newton-type method are highly sensitive to the choice of starting values and thus often fail to converge.
Terrestrial kilometric radiation observed by satellite JIKIKEN /EXOS-B/

The natural plasma wave astronomy mode (NPW-A) on board JIKIKEN (EXOS-B) launched on Sept. 16, 1978, are making observation of the planetary and solar radio waves in the frequency range from 10kHz to 3MHz using the long dipole antenna with length of 102m. The high resolution spectrum obtained by the NPW-A receiver provides important characteristics of the terrestrial kilometric radiation (TKR) that carries the information on the source region where TKR is generated.When the source mechanism that the electrostatic waves near the upper hybrid frequency generated by auroral precipitating particle is converted in a form of the electromagnetic waves is considered, we can estimate the position of the TKR source from the measured spectrum. The height distribution of the source region derived from the frequency component of the radiation indicates the altitude range that varies in accordance with the geomagnetic activity, and ranging from 3, 000km to 12, 000km above the auroral ionosphere. The fine structure of TKR spectrum shows that the source with the dimension of 100km is moving down repeatedly toward the polar ionosphere with the average velocity of 5-10km/sec, and suggests that the source motion is closely related to the formation and the structure of the parallel electric field. The TKR emission sometimes coinsides with the intense upper hybrid emission around the satellite position at the inner edge of the dusk side plasmasheet, indicating that TKR has intimate relation to the energetic particle precipitation that generates the UHR waves; the precipitating particles may contribute to the development of the auroral field aligned currents.
Examining the factors influencing Indonesia's local government’ intentions to use financial management information systems: the case for an extended TAM

This paper examines the factors that influence the intention to use FMIS in Indonesia’s local governments, especially in East Java region. The study model used the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) that focuses on two specific salient beliefs-perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness. However, this has not discouraged researchers from incorporating additional constructs to the original model in their quest for increased predictive power. Here, an attempt is made to explain local governments' intention to use FMIS. Besides perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness, compatibility, external technical support, and management support are included in an extended TAM. The research data was obtained through questionnaires to 180 respondents of planning and financial managers at 9 local governments of the East Java region. The data analysis method used SEM-PLS with the SmartPLS 3.0 application. The results of this study showed that perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use are influenced by compatibility, external technical support, and management support. Compatibility also influenced intentions to use FMIS, and perceived ease of use influenced perceived usefulness. Intention to use FMIS was also affected by perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use. Lastly, perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use did not create a mediating effect between external variables and intention to use FMIS. This study concludes that TAM and external variables affect interest in using FMIS.
Scalable fabrication of electrowetting displays with self-assembled oil dosing

Scalable fabrication of electrowetting displays with self-assembled oil dosing is reported. Electrowetting pixel structures consisted of flexible substrate/electrode/hydrophobic dielectric/hydrophilic grid. 20 electrowetting display prototypes were constructed with four pixel sizes ranging from 300×900to50×150μm2 and with five grid thicknesses ranging from 16.2to3. 3μm. Self-assembled oil dosing was achieved by dip coating the substrate through an oil film suspended on water. The oil films in pixels were geometrically flat. Operating voltage increased with pixel aspect ratio. Electrical capacitance and optical absorption calculations confirm that oil thickness is within ±5% of the hydrophilic grid height.
Multiliteracy pedagogical framework in action: Critical reading in ELT classroom by implementing critical framing

This study aims to determine the implementation of critical framing of multiliteracy pedagogy through students' critical reading skills in the ELT class. This study took place in the English Study Program. This research study used a qualitative technique. Observations and interviews were used to collect data. The data collected were analyzed using data transcribed, encoded, data displayed, and data interpretation. This study involved 39 students who examined critical framing as the third component of the multiliteracy pedagogical framework which was subdivided into four subcategories. All subcategories in the critical framing of multiliteracies pedagogy were addressed throughout the teaching and learning process in the classroom. Four subcategories were fulfilled. This is a fascinating and unique study. The lecturer enables students to think and interpret their ideas by guiding them to derive their meanings from classroom activities. The result indicated that implementing critical framing of multiliteracy pedagogy through students' critical reading skills was very effective. It’s recommended for English language teachers to implement the critical framing of multiliteracy pedagogy through students’ critical reading activities in the ELT class. Keywords: Critical Framing, Critical Thinking, Social Contexts, Social Purposes, Teacher' Reinforcement, ELT Classroom
Human assumed central sensitization in people with acute non‐specific low back pain: A cross‐sectional study of the association with brain‐derived neurotrophic factor, clinical, psychological and demographic factors

Early evidence suggests human assumed central sensitization (HACS) is present in some people with acute low back pain (LBP). Factors influencing individual variation in HACS during acute LBP have not been fully explored. We aimed to examine the evidence for HACS in acute LBP and the contribution of brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), clinical, psychological and demographic factors to HACS.
The use of improvised negative pressure therapy to manage wounds in difficult situations at LAUTECH Teaching Hospital, Ogbomoso: a case series

Background Creating an airtight seal is vital in making a Negative pressure wound therapy setup functional and effective but in some conditions, this may be difficult to achieve. Case presentation We present the methods of use of improvised negative pressure therapy in the difficult settings of external fixation and complete scotch cast with a window for wound dressing in two patients managed at LAUTECH Teaching Hospital, Ogbomoso. The simple use of opsite initially over the foam dressing and reinforcing it with cling film and subsequently wrapping strips of opsite around the pin sites and the potential leak sites as described in this report is very effective and with lower cost when compared with other methods. Conclusion The use of cling film and opsite only in maintaining an airtight seal in difficult settings of negative pressure wound therapy is simple and cost-effective with good wound outcomes.
Yogurt Consumption and Purchasing Reasons among Consumers in Kuching, Sarawak

Yogurt provides the body with nutrients such as vitamin B, minerals and proteins. Despite the nutrition offered by yogurt, local studies in Malaysia reported that the consumption of yogurt still remains as one of the lowest amongst all dairy products in Malaysia. This study was conducted to determine the yogurt consumption and purchasing reasons among yogurt consumers in Kuching, Sarawak. It was a descriptive study based on online survey via Google form. Respondents were recruited from a list of customers of a yogurt supplier in Kuching via an advertisement through social media. Data was analysed using IBM SPSS (version 27). A total of 236 respondents participated in this study whereby the majority were females (71.2%) and most of respondents bought their yogurt from being informed by advertisement. A majority used yogurt at least once a month and most likely type of yoghurt used was the yoghurt drink (61.9%). The largest share of respondents indicated that the quality of product (93.7%), variation in flavour (83.9%), information in product’s label (79.7%), price consideration (71.2%), quality (71.2%), ease of location (76.2%) and access of transportation (69.9%) markedly stimulated their consumption behaviour in finalising their yogurt purchasing reasons. Consumer’s behaviour toward the yogurt purchasing decision were controlled specifically by its product factors, prices offered and accessibility of conditions. Implications of this study have contributed to future local research on population study in the Sarawak and may increase the awareness of yogurt’s benefits among non-yogurt buyers to encourage greater consumption.
A hydrostatic paradox revisited

This paper revisits a well-known hydrostatic paradox, observed when turning upside down a glass partially filled with water and covered with a sheet of light material. The phenomenon is studied in its most general form by including the mass of the cover. A historical survey of this experiment shows that a common misunderstanding of the phenomenon has recently arisen.
Deep trapping controlled switching characteristics in amorphous silicon thin‐film transistors

We report transient effects in amorphous silicon thin‐film transistors occurring upon switch‐on and switch‐off, which are controlled by trapping and emission from the deep states in the amorphous silicon. We develop a unifying theoretical description which is applicable to both switch‐on and switch‐off. The model is based on carrier thermalization to the deep states and includes the spatial dependence of the thermalization process in the band‐bending region. The model is able to explain the experimentally observed switch‐on and switch‐off behavior. In the case of switch‐on, electrons are progressively trapped into the deep states in the bulk a‐Si:H throughout the entire thickness of the layer. The range of trapping times is large and this leads to a dynamic threshold votage shift and a time dependence of the source‐drain current extending between 1 μs and 1 s. In the case of switch‐off, two processes occur sequentially. First, there is emission of electrons from the bulk a‐Si:H deep states, which leads to.