Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Violence Detection over Online Social Networks: An Arabic Sentiment Analysis Approach

Today, the influence of the social media on different aspects of our lives is increasing, many scholars from various disciplines and majors looking at the social media networks as the ongoing revolution. In Social media networks, many bonds and connections can be established whether being direct or indirect ties. In fact, Social networks are used not only by people but also by companies. People usually create their own profiles and join communities to discuss different common issues that they have interest in. On the other hand, companies also can create their virtual presence on the social media networks to benefit from this media to understand the customers and gather richer information about them. With all of the benefits and advantages of social media networks, they should not always be seen as a safe place for communicating, sharing information and ideas, and establishing virtual communities. These information and ideas could carry with them hatred speeches that must be detected to avoid raising violence. Therefore, web content mining can be used to handle this issue. Web content mining is gaining more concern because of its importance for many businesses and institutions. Sentiment Analysis (SA) is an important sub-area of web content mining. The purpose of SA is to determine the overall sentiment attitude of writer towards a specific entity and classify these opinions automatically. There are two main approaches to build systems of sentiment analysis: the machine learning approach and the lexicon-based approach. This research presents the design and implementation for violence detection over social media using machine learning approach. Our system works on Jordanian Arabic dialect instead of Modern Standard Arabic (MSA). The data was collected from two popular social media websites (Facebook, Twitter) and has used native speakers to annotate the data. Moreover, different preprocessing techniques have been used to show their effect on our model accuracy. The Arabic lexicon was used for generating feature vectors and separate them to features set. Here, we have three well known machine learning algorithms: Support Vector Machine (SVM), Naive Bayes (NB) and k-Nearest Neighbors (KNN). Building on this view, Information Science Research Institute’s (ISRI) stemming and stop word file as a result of preprocessing were used to extract the features. Indeed, several features have been extracted; however, using the SVM classifier reveals that unigram and features extracted from lexicon are characterized by the highest accuracy to detect violence.
Comparison of traditional knowledge about edible plants among young Southern Tepehuans of Durango, Mexico

Background: Traditional ecological knowledge is an important part of biocultural heritage of societies; it has been reported their disappearance and in some cases this phenomenon has been associated with socioeconomic factors such as formal education. Questions and/or Hypotheses: How does traditional knowledge about edible plants vary between three groups of young Southern Tepehuans from different educational contexts? Study site and dates: Southern Durango, Mexico; September 2017 to November 2018. Methods: Traditional knowledge was compared among young Southern Tepehuan informants from three educational contexts: rural students, urban students and non-students. Each informant answered a questionnaire about 20 selected wild edible plants and wrote a free list of additional species. The results of these instruments allowed to determine a traditional knowledge grade per person. The statistical analyzes performed were ANCOVA and Chi-square tests. Results: Educational context, as well as age and gender proved to be variables statistically significant, not so the interaction between educational context and gender. Non-students hold the highest knowledge grade, and no significant difference was found in the traditional knowledge among rural and urban students. Conclusions: As has been documented in studies for other ethnic groups, our results suggest that traditional knowledge tends to disappear among Southern Tepehuans due to changes in lifestyles induced by formal education, such as reduced access to nature, nutritional transition and disuse of indigenous languages. To preserve the biocultural heritage, it is essential to apply novel strategies favoring alternative ways of knowledge transmission.
Photometric follow-up observations and transit timing analysis of HAT-P-37b

We performed follow-up photometric observations on exoplanetary system HAT-P-37 from 2011 February to 2019 September. The nine new transit light curves of the R and V bands are presented in this work. Based on the new light curves and published literature data, the physical and orbital parameters of HAT-P-37 are refined. In addition, mid-transit times are obtained to update the linear ephemeris, Tc[0] = 2456478.57916 ± 0.00077 [BJDTDB], P = 2.7974415 ± 0.0000025 d. Moreover, the transit timing variations (TTVs) have an rms of 57 s and there is no significant TTV signal. According to dynamic analysis, we excluded the possibility of perturbers with a mass larger than 200M⊕, when located in 1 : 3, 1 : 2, 2 : 3 (interior) or 3 : 2, 2 : 1, 5 : 2, 3 : 1 (exterior) orbital resonance, respectively.
Culture and institutions: a review of Joel Mokyr's A Culture of Growth

Abstract This is a review of Joel Mokyr's fascinating book entitled A Culture of Growth. The work is summarized, noting its focus on Darwin-style evolutionary explanations of cultural change. But Mokyr's emphasis on cultural entrepreneurs and positive feedbacks in the procreation of ideas is insufficient to explain the origins of modern economic growth. Too much explanatory weight is placed on too few extraordinary people. It is argued that Mokyr's analysis should be extended, to bring the evolution of institutions, as well as the evolution of culture, into the picture at an additional level. The role of inter-state rivalry and exogenous shocks has also to be underlined. This kind of analysis can be developed within the framework of generalized Darwinism, which Mokyr himself adopts. This is a major and highly stimulating book.
Impact of technical and physical key performance indicators on ball possession in the Chinese Super League

ABSTRACT Ball possession an important key performance indicator (KPIs) in men’s soccer; thus, coaches and analysts have been interested in the technical and physical parameters resulting in different possession statuses. In this regard, this study aims to examine the relationship between match KPIs and ball possession in elite men’s soccer, and identify the suitable analysis method (multiple linear regression, MLR vs. quantile regression, QR) to model this relationship in the Chinese Super League (CSL). A total of 474 performance records from 237 matches during the 2019 competitive season in the CSL were selected, and analysed using MLR and QR using the 10th, 25th, 50th, 75th, and 90th quantiles. Several technical (foul, pass, air duel, tackle, shot, and corner kick) and physical (sprint and high-speed running distance) KPIs were associated with ball possession. Compared to the MLR model, the QR model identified additional physical KPIs, which are sprint, high-speed running, and high-intensity running efforts, that influenced ball possession. For the situational variables, the quality of the opposition affects the ball possession from the 25th to 75th quantiles. Therefore, QR modelling is a potential tool for performance analysts and coaches to strategise and monitor different parameters in a match.
Potential production of struvite from the anaerobic digestion of food waste: analysis in one-phase and two-phase configurations

Anaerobic digestion (AD) of food waste (FW) has been gaining more interest as it has potential for the production of organic amendments with high struvite (NH4MgPO4·6H2O) content, which is a nutrient of great interest in sustainable agriculture. In this study, the influence of AD of FW in one- and two-phase configurations on methane production and the potential for struvite formation using digestate was evaluated. It was found that the two-phase is more efficient as its organic loading rate is 18% higher than that of one-phase configuration. In addition, the two-phase yielded a higher methane content in biogas (>60%) and a higher organic matter transformation in each of the AD stages (>20%); further, the digestate complied with the regulatory requirements for the use of organic amendments, thereby being deemed as a Type-B material with a struvite precipitation potential, exceeding 80%, as opposed to the digestate from one-phase configuration, which may represent a revenue of up to US$ 26,505 per year.
Prototype Open Event Reconstruction Pipeline for the Cherenkov Telescope Array

The Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA) is the next-generation gamma-ray observatory currently under construction. It will improve over the current generation of imaging atmospheric Cherenkov telescopes (IACTs) by a factor of five to ten in sensitivity and it will be able to observe the whole sky from a combination of two sites: a northern site in La Palma, Spain, and a southern one in Paranal, Chile. CTA will also be the first open gamma-ray observatory. Accordingly, the data analysis pipeline is developed as open-source software. The event reconstruction pipeline accepts raw data of the telescopes and processes it to produce suitable input for the higher-level science tools. Its primary tasks include reconstructing the physical properties of each recorded shower and providing the corresponding instrument response functions. ctapipe is a framework providing algorithms and tools to facilitate raw data calibration, image extraction, image parameterization and event reconstruction. Its main focus is currently the analysis of simulated data but it has also been successfully applied for the analysis of data obtained with the first CTA prototype telescopes, such as the Large-Sized Telescope 1 (LST-1). pyirf is a library to calculate IACT instrument response functions, needed to obtain physics results like spectra and light curves, from the reconstructed event lists. Building on these two, protopipe is a prototype for the event reconstruction pipeline for CTA. Recent developments in these software packages will be presented.
A Semisupervised CRF Model for CNN-Based Semantic Segmentation With Sparse Ground Truth

Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) represent the new reference approach for semantic segmentation of very-high-resolution (VHR) images, due to their ability to automatically capture semantic information while learning relevant features. However, as for most supervised methods, the map accuracy depends on the quantity and quality of ground truth (GT) used to train them. The use of densely annotated data (i.e., a detailed, exhaustive, pixel-level GT) allows to obtain effective CNN models but normally implies high efforts in annotation. Such ground truth is often available in benchmark datasets on which new methods are tested, but not on real data for land-cover applications, where only sparse annotations might be sufficiently cost effective. A CNN model trained with such incomplete GT maps has the tendency to smooth object boundaries because they are never precisely delineated in the GT. To cope with those shortcomings, we propose to exploit the intermediate activation maps of the CNN and to deploy a semisupervised fully connected conditional random field (CRF). In comparison with competitors using the same sparse annotations, the proposed method is able to better fill part of the performance gap compared to a CNN trained on the densely annotated, but generally unavailable, GTs.
Effect of orthodontic force on dental pulp histomorphology and tissue factor expression.

OBJECTIVES To evaluate the effects of orthodontic force on histomorphology and tissue factor expression in the dental pulp. MATERIALS AND METHODS Two reviewers comprehensively and systematically searched the literature in the following databases: Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences, Embase, Cochrane, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Grey literature (Google Scholar, OpenGrey, and ProQuest) up to September 2020. According to the Population, Intervention, Comparison, Outcomes, Studies criteria, randomized clinical trials (RCTs) and observational studies that evaluated the effects of orthodontic force on dental pulp were included. Case series/reports, laboratory-based or animal studies, reviews, and studies that did not investigate the association between orthodontic force and pulpal changes were excluded. Newcastle-Ottawa Scale and Cochrane risk-of-bias tool were used to assess the risk of bias. The overall certainty level was evaluated with the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation tool. RESULTS 26 observational studies and five RCTs were included. A detailed qualitative analysis of articles showed a wide range of samples and applied methodologies concerning impact of orthodontic force on the dental pulp. The application of orthodontic force seems to promote several pulpal histomorphological changes, including tissue architecture, cell pattern, angiogenesis, hard tissue deposition, inflammation, and alteration of the expression levels of 14 tissue factors. CONCLUSIONS Although the included articles suggest that orthodontic forces may promote histomorphological changes in the dental pulp, due to the very low-level of evidence obtained, there could be no well-supported conclusion that these effects are actually due to orthodontic movement. Further studies with larger samples and improved methods are needed to support more robust conclusions.
The Interaction Between Socioeconomic Status and Preschool Education on Academic Achievement of Elementary School Students

Preschool education may help increase the academic achievement of school-age students. Still, for a segment in society, this is not feasible and children are not admitted into preschool due to parents’ socioeconomic status. The purpose of this study was to measure the interaction between socioeconomic status and preschool education on students’ academic achievement in Bahraini government elementary schools. The study adopted a quantitive approach. The sample was 402 girls and boys in grades 1 through 6. The results showed that students who had preschool education had better academic achievement than those who did not. There were no significant differences in students’ later academic achievement with reference to socioeconomic status, and there was no interaction between preschool education and socioeconomic status on academic achievement. It was recommended that policymakers should encourage the private and public sectors to invest in preschool education, to conduct further research on the impact of socio-economic status on academic achievement at different school levels and to expand the dimensions of SES to include parents’ skills and marital relationships and their impact on children’s achievement.
Étude de réactions hétérogènes autocatalytiques : application à la dissolution du dioxyde d’uranium

Operation de tete des procedes hydrometallurgiques de recyclage des combustibles nucleaires uses, la dissolution est une etape importante : la mise en solution des elements chimiques est indispensable avant la realisation des etapes d’extraction liquide-liquide permettant de faire le tri entre matiere valorisable et dechets ultimes. Cette etude a pour objectif de mieux apprehender les phenomenes chimiques, physico-chimiques et hydrodynamiques de la reaction de dissolution du dioxyde d’uranium en milieu nitrique. Elle s’inscrit dans une demarche de modelisation du procede par l’expression des vitesses intrinseques de reaction et la description des phenomenes physico-chimiques aux interfaces. Une approche par microscopie optique a permis de confirmer le caractere fortement autocatalytique de la reaction et de mesurer, pour la premiere fois, les vitesses « vraies » de la reaction chimique. L’attaque des massifs, obtenus par frittage, se fait par des sites preferentiels d’attaque et entraine le developpement de failles dans les massifs qui peuvent aller jusqu’a deliter le massif. Cette attaque non uniforme est rendue possible par l’etablissement d’un bullage dans ces failles qui permet un renouvellement periodiquement des reactifs et entretient la reaction en leur sein. Ce point constitue un element clef du mecanisme : un lien fort entre developpement des failles, bullage dans les failles, et vitesses de dissolution globales est mis en evidence dans ce travail. Enfin, un modele integrant les bilans couples de matiere lies a l’evolution structurelle du solide et des compositions en phase liquide, et tenant compte du transport aux interfaces, est propose. Les simulations fondees sur ce modele sont proches des observations experimentales, et permettent de reproduire pour la premiere fois l’effet de differents parametres reactionnels, comme celui de la diminution des cinetiques lors d’une augmentation de la turbulence
Conception rate of Pre-synchronization and two short term heat-synch programs using two doses of PGF2α in lactating Holstein dairy cows

BACKGROUND: Improving the reproductive performance of dairy cows requires manipulation of estrus using estrus synchronization protocols. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of reducing the length of estrus synchronization protocol by using two doses of prostaglandin injection on reproductive performance of Holstein dairy cows. METHODS: At first, all cows received GnRH (day 0), PGF2α on day 7, and GnRH on day 17. Then, cows assigned randomly to one of 3 groups: Group 1) PGF2α injection on days 22 and 23, estradiol benzoate injection on day 24. Group 2) PGF2α injection on days 23 and 24, estradiol benzoate injection on day 25. Group 3) Control group; injection of PGF2α on day 24, injection of estradiol benzoate on day 25. Estrus detection was performed twice a day up to 48 hours (AM/PM) using signs of estrus and fixed time AI protocol was used after 48 hours (if not previously inseminated). RESULTS: Conception rate in group 2 were significantly higher than control group (P≤ 0.05) and tended to be higher than group 1 (P= 0.079). CONCLUSIONS: The results confirmed the hypothesis that a decrease in the period of follicle dominance by reducing the interval between GnRH and PGF2α through using two injections of PGF2α improved fertility of lactating dairy cows.
COVID-19: Implications for Physical Activity, Health Disparities, and Health Equity

Physical activity is one of the most efficacious pathways to promoting mental and physical health, preventing disease, and, most important during the COVID-19 pandemic, bolstering a stronger immune system. Efforts to “flatten the curve” have resulted in the temporary closure of exercise facilities and gyms, suspension of sport activities, and advisories to avoid public recreational spaces. All of these changes have made traditional opportunities to be physically active difficult to access. These changes have also exacerbated existing disparities in access to social and environmental supports for physical activity, potentially contributing to a widening gap in physical activity participation among those at greatest risk for COVID-19. Physical activity can play a special role in reducing the inequitable consequences of COVID-19; however, expansion and better targeting of evidence-informed interventions are needed that address the unique barriers present in communities that have been economically and socially marginalized to achieve health equity in COVID-19 outcomes. This review highlights effective and feasible strategies that provide more equitable access to physical activity programs and spaces across the United States. With a renewed investment in physical activity, this behavior can play a crucial role in improving population health and reducing disparities during the COVID-19 pandemic and beyond.
Experimental measurements of the contribution of plasma turbulence to anomalous collision frequency in a Hall thruster

The anomalous collision frequency that results from microturbulence in a Hall thruster plume is experimentally characterized. A combination of quasi-linear theory and measurements of ion density oscillations are employed to estimate an effective electron collision that results from the growth of the electron drift instability in the acceleration zone of a 9-kW class Hall thrusters. These values are compared to measurements of the actual electron collision frequency as inferred from an experimental technique based on laser induced fluorescence. In the near-field plume where the assumptions underlying the quasi-linear framework are satisfied, the wave-driven collision frequency is found to agree within experimental uncertainty with the measured collision frequency. However, the wave-driven effects are shown to over-predict the collision frequency in the thruster acceleration zone. These results suggest that while electron drift instability may be a dominant driver for anomalous transport in the Hall thruster, there may be limitations in applying the proposed quasi-linear framework to relate the measured wave properties to this transport. These results are discussed in the context of potential effects that may violate the quasi-linear assumption, including nonlinear wave-wave coupling and non-equilibrium electron distributions.
From Axons to Synapses: Cryo-Electron Tomography of Neurons

We used cryo-electron tomography to visualize and characterize the morphology and content of distal axonal processes in developing neurons. In addition we analyzed synaptic vesicles, their distribution and interconnectivity in a quantitative matter. In two additional studies in synaptosomes we used mice of different genotypes to investigate the influence of human alpha-Synuclein on the synaptic ultrastructure and to reveal a preferential localization of SynCAM I towards the edge of the synaptic cleft.
Chemical composition of cover crops and soil organic matter pools in no‐tillage systems in the Cerrado

In no‐tillage systems (NTS), cover crops are recommended to increase the productivity of agricultural systems. Furthermore, a greater diversity of cover crops in NTS favours an increase in soil carbon (C) stocks. However, there are scarce published data on the relationship between the chemical composition of cover crops and the accumulation of labile and stable fractions of SOM. We evaluated the relationship between the chemical composition of cover crops and SOM fractions, C stocks and maize yield. Hemicellulose, cellulose and lignin contents were determined for Urochloa ruziziensis, Canavalia brasiliensis, Cajanus cajan and Sorghum bicolor, cultivated in the off‐season of maize. Canavalia brasiliensis had high N (20.96 g kg−1) and hemicellulose (185.67 g kg−1) contents, lower lignin content (39.50 g kg−1) and high dry matter yield (3,251 kg ha−1). All these characteristics resulted in a better SOM quality. Urochloa ruziziensis, with higher hemicellulose and lower lignin contents, and low lignin/N ratio, was associated with accumulation of TOC (19.95 and 18.33 g kg−1 in 0‐ to 10‐cm and 10‐ to 20‐cm layers, respectively) and mineral‐associated organic C (on average, 16.68 g kg−1) in the soil. Cover plants with N:lignin ratio lower than 2.0 are fundamental for soil C sequestration. In conclusion, it is recommended the adoption of Urochloa ruziziensis and Canavalia brasiliensis as cover plants improve maize production, soil organic matter quality and C sequestration in the Cerrado region.