Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
BASAL RATES OF METABOLISM OF NECTARIVOROUS BATS (PHYLLOSTOMIDAE) FROM A SEMIARID THORN FOREST IN VENEZUELA

The phyllostomid bats Choeroniscus godmani, Glossophaga longirostris, and Leptonycteris curasoae maintained normothermia throughout 1.5- to 3.0-h experiments at ambient temperatures of 12-290C. Above lower-critical temperatures, C. godmani and L. curasoae had basal rates of metabolism close to expected values for mammals of their body mass, but G. longirostris had a basal rate 120% of that expected. Thermal conductance for C. godmani was near the expected mass-specific value for mammals, whereas values for G. longirostris and L. curasoae were higher than expected. Poorly ventilated caves acting as heat traps were selected by L. curasoae as maternity roosts. Population size in such roosts may approach 10,000 bats, and metabolic heat production of the colony elevates air temperatures within such caves to 33-340C. Colonies of G. longirostris and C. godmani often number <20 individuals in caves, mines, or buildings with air temperatures of 26-280C. Our results support the hypothesis that ecological factors, such as roost microclimate and diet, influence rates of metabolism in phyllostomid bats.
High‐performance digitization of natural history collections: Automated imaging lines for herbarium and insect specimens

The digitization of natural history collections calls for new, efficient solutions. Digitization of millions of specimens, with reasonable digitization costs and high statistical repeatability requires increased automation and industrial-scale work- flows. However, the variation in specimen form, size and coloring creates challenges for digitization methodology, pushing development towards optional actions. In this paper, we report the results of the digitization of herbarium and beetle collections using automated imaging lines. The technology of the imaging lines was based on a common innovation, but the versions used were applied to either 2-D sheets or small 3-D objects. The aim was to develop processes for enhancing the digitization of natural history specimens, but at the same time, to produce end products with high quality. Results showed that the herbarium and beetle collections could be digitized by using automation at the rate of hundreds or thousands of individual specimens per day. This is 5-10 times faster than the more manual methods of digitization which were previously used. The produced data, images and specimen label data were uniform in quality and could be viewed within minutes after being produced. Results indicate that the efficiency of digitization can be raised for different types of natural history specimens by use of automation and well-defined processes, and the increase in production rate does not reduce the quality of the end-results.
Customizing Concurrent Engineering Processes: Five Case Studies

Abstract Once hailed as the salvation of U.S. manufacturing competitiveness, concurrent engineering (CE) offers the potential for faster development of higher quality, more producible products. Unlike traditional, serial approaches to new product development (NPD), CE emphasizes cross-functional integration and concurrent development of a product and its associated processes. As Morgan L. Swink, J. Christopher Sandvig, and Vincent A. Mabert explain, however, CE is not a plug-and-play process. Successful CE implementation approaches differ depending on such factors as product characteristics, customer needs, and technology requirements. We can better understand those differences by examining CE implementation in the five NPD programs discussed here: the Boeing 777 aircraft, the heavy duty diesel engine at Cummins Engine Co., the thermoplastic olefin automotive coating at Red Spot Paint and Varnish Co., the airborne vehicle forward-looking infrared night vision system at Texas Instruments, and the digital satellite system at Thomson Consumer Electronics. Teams provide the primary integration mechanism in CE programs, and three types of teams appeared frequently in these projects: a program management team, a technical team, and numerous desing-build teams. Depending on the project's complexity, an integration team may be needed to consolidate the efforts of various design-build teams. Task forces also may be formed to address specific problems, such as investigating an emerging technology. Some projects emphasized collocation and face-to-face communication. Others relied on phone conversations, documents, and electronic mail. Projects focusing on design quality relied on formal presentations and periodic review meetings. Projects emphasizing development speed required frequent, informal communications. Programs addressing design quality required extended product definition and performance testing, with input from design engineering, marketing, and customers. Efforts to reduce development time involved small, informal teams led by design engineers and managers. Aggressive product cost goals necessitated intensive interaction between product designers and manufacturing personnel. Highly innovative products required early supplier involvement and joint engineering problem solving. Formal design reviews and shared design data systems aided information sharing between internal and external design groups.
Composition of Antigen-precipitin Precipitate.

Practically nothing is known about the composition of the antigen-precipitin precipitate beyond the fact that the amount of the precipitate produced may be much more than the amount of the antigen used. 1 Just how much of the antigen is present in the precipitate does not seem to have been determined. This is due to the fact that there exists no chemical method of determining the antigen (protein) and the precipitin (protein) separately. One of us has worked out a method for the determination of minute amounts of hemoglobin. 2 The method is based on the benzidine reaction, and as little as 0.02 mg. hemoglobin suffices for a quantitative determination. When hemoglobin is used as the antigen its amount in the antigen-precipitin precipitate can be determined directly by means of that method. The amount of the precipitin in the precipitate can be determined by the difference between the total protein and the hemoglobin. The assumption is here made that the precipitate contains only the antigen and the precipitin and no other protein. The word hemoglobin is used here in the generic sense, including oxyhemoglobin and its immediate derivatives. Oxyhemoglobin on standing is slowly converted into methemoglobin. This is, however, a matter of no consequence since oxyhemoglobin and methemoglobin have the same immunological properties 3 as well as the same chemical properties utilized for their quantitative determination in the above mentioned method. Sheep oxyhemoglobin solution was prepared from washed cells by laking with 4 volumes of water and shaking with 2.5% suspension of freshly prepared aluminium hydroxide. The mixture was centrifuged and the clear supernatant liquid was filtered through a Seitz filter. Dog's oxyhemoglobin solution was prepared from crystals obtained by electrodialysis according to the method of Stadie. 4 Alumina cream was also used. The final solutions contained about 5 % hemoglobin.
Vegetative Establishment Rate and Stolon Growth Characteristics of 10 Zoysiagrasses in Southern Europe

In today’s climate, in which economic and environmental sustainability has to be ensured, it is important to promote the use of grass species that require minimal maintenance inputs. The superior heat and drought tolerance of zoysiagrass (Zoysia spp.) makes it an excellent choice for Mediterranean areas. A study was conducted to evaluate the establishment rate from vegetative plugs of 10 zoysiagrass genotypes (i.e., species and cultivars). Stolon growth rate, establishment rates, biometric traits, and winter color retention were measured. Establishment rate was measured using digital image analysis, and the data were fit to a sigmoid variable slope model. Zoysiagrass genotype significantly affected turf coverage during the establishment. At 140 days after plugging, ‘DALZ0101’ and ‘Zenith’ had significantly more turfgrass coverage, while ‘Emerald’, ‘HT-210’, ‘Meyer’, and mascarene grass (Zoysia pacifica) had the lowest coverage. Differences in total stolon length and growth rate were observed among the genotypes and for all stolon growth parameters. Japanese lawn grass (Zoysia japonica) had higher values compared with manilagrass (Zoysia matrella). A distinct trend in days to maintained 50% color retention (Days50) was observed in this study on the winter color retention of genotypes. Differences in color retention within japanese lawn grass cultivars were observed with ‘Victoria’ retaining color longer than ‘DeAnza’ and ‘El Toro’ (77.6, 57.8, and 57.2 Days50, respectively) and better than ‘Meyer’. Japanese lawn grass cultivars exhibited poor color retention (50.3 Days50) compared with manilagrass cultivars (79.3 Days50).
Dynamic Topography (ERS-1/2 and Seatruth) of Subtropical Ring (Storm 0) in the Storm Corridor (32–34°N, Eastern Basin, North Atlantic Ocean)

Hydrographic measurements were made on RRS ‘Charles Darwin’ Cruise CD97 of the structure of a Subtropical Ring called STORM discovered south-west of the Azores in October 1995 which moved westward along a latitude near 32·5°N. The results showed an elliptical ring structure with a ratio of minor to major axis of 0·6. The external Ring structure extended across a scale of ~400 km in an east-west direction along the major axis of the structure. The internal structure showed isotherms (isopycnals) that were domed upwards by ~200 m. The swirl transport in the Ring was 44 Sv with a negligible barotropic component and the cyclonic flow extended throughout the water column from the surface (maximum ~50cms-1, at a radial distance of ~100km) with reduced intensity to the sea-floor ~4km depth where the flow was effectively zero. The surface currents and dynamic height data showed that the STORM centre was associated with a ~38cm lowering of sea level. The ERS-1 and ERS-2 altimeter surface signature of STORM revealed a similar structure (~42cm sea level depression) but with a larger scale of influence ~500 km. The remote sensing surface elevation structure derived from altimetry also maps (~-600X) changes in the deeper ocean temperature structure and transport (1 cm change equivalent ~ 1 Sv) in the general region. A ~500 d record from a current meter mooring deployed in the region showed three STORM signatures, each separated by a mean of ~180 days. In June 1996, HMS ‘Hecla’ crossed the North Atlantic at a latitude near 33°N and found three STORM temperature signatures.
Is maternal obesity a risk factor for anencephaly and spina bifida

To determine whether the risk of having an infant with anencephaly or spina bifida is greater among obese women than among average-weight women, we compared 307 Atlanta-area women who gave birth to a liveborn or stillborn infant with anencephaly or spina bifida (case group) with 2,755 Atlanta-area women who gave birth to an infant without birth defects (control group). The infants of control women were randomly selected from birth certificates and frequency-matched to the case group by race, birth hospital, and birth period from 1968 through 1980. After adjusting for maternal age, education, smoking status, alcohol use, chronic illness, and vitamin use, we found that, compared with average-weight women, obese women (pregravid body mass index greater than 29) had almost twice the risk of having an infant with spina bifida or anencephaly (odds ratio = 1.9; 95% confidence limits = 1.1, 3.4). A woman's risk increased with her body mass index: adjusted odds ratios ranged from 0.6 (95% confidence limits = 0.3, 2.1) for very underweight women to 1.9 for obese women.
Effects on mood during exposure to target information on subsequently reported judgments: An on-line model of misattribution and correction.

Three experiments investigated the effects of participants' mood during exposure to target information on delayed judgments of the target. Participants were exposed to a mood induction immediately before they acquired information about a political candidate and then reported their evaluation of the candidate at a later time. Effects of mood on judgment were moderated by 2 individual-differences measures that can be interpreted in terms of processing efficiency. These were political expertise and total recall for the candidate information, with higher scores on these indices interpreted as reflecting more efficient processing. Among low-expertise (or low-recall) perceivers, mood produced an assimilation effect on evaluative judgments. Among high-expertise (or high-recall) perceivers, mood produced a contrast effect on judgments. When pooling across these individual differences, mood exerted no influence on judgments. These findings are consistent with an on-line model of mood misattribution and overcorrection.
Physical therapy and health outcomes in patients with spinal impairments.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Little is known concerning the effects of physical therapy on health outcomes in patients with spinal impairments. This research examined the pattern of health outcomes in patients with spinal impairments and the relationship of outcomes to the physical therapy provided. SUBJECTS Data were obtained from 1,097 patients with spinal impairments who completed an episode of care in any of 68 physical therapy practices across the United States. METHODS Data were derived from the Focus on Therapeutic Outcomes database during 1993 and 1994. Multivariate analyses were used to determine which of the treatment variables, controlled for baseline health status and relevant patient characteristics, were related to outcomes. RESULTS Improvement occurred in nearly all health scales. Inclusion of endurance exercise was most consistently associated with better outcomes. Inclusion of heat or cold modalities was associated with poorer outcomes. CONCLUSION AND DISCUSSION This study suggests that physical therapists take a broader view of patient-related goals and documentation of outcomes. It also provides evidence that the type of intervention is related to outcomes.
Development of the Missouri Identifying Transference Scale.

Transference is one of the key concepts in psychoanalytic counseling. The Missouri Identifying Transference Scale (MITS) was developed after extrapolation from some of R. R. Greenson's (1967) examples of transference reactions. The unit of analysis consisted of 269 sessions of psychoanalytic counseling. A principal-components chained P-technique factor analysis followed by an oblique rotation revealed 2 factors: (a) Negative Transference Reactions and (b) Positive Transference Reactions. The MITS is an instrument with good internal consistency, and the 2 factors account for a sufficiently high proportion of overall variance. Investigations of both concurrent and predictive validity appear promising.
Poplar plantations along regulated rivers may resemble riparian forests after abandonment: a comparison of passive restoration approaches

Abandoning hybrid poplar plantations may be an alternative strategy for enlarging natural riparian corridors along regulated rivers where forest regeneration no longer takes place. Despite the generally high local diversity of plants in poplar plantations, their capacity to converge towards riparian forests following abandonment remains largely untested and uncertain, because maintenance‐related disturbance of plantations favors ruderal, not strictly riparian specialists. We assessed the spontaneous recolonization of vegetation in abandoned hybrid poplar plantations following two management strategies: harvesting or simple abandonment of standing trees. The floristic composition in four chronosequences of 10 active (1–15 years), 17 harvested (1–15 years), and 10 abandoned (8–20 years) hybrid poplar plantations, as well as 10 riparian sites established at gravel bars that appeared following the cessation of in‐channel gravel mining (8–25 years) along the highly regulated Garonne River (SW France) was assessed in the framework of ecological disturbance theory. Both harvested and abandoned sites still resembled active plantations more than riparian forests. When poplar resprouting was low after harvesting, sites were dominated by light‐demanding, nitrophilous herbs, sub‐shrubs, and vines showing both competitive and ruderal traits, and vegetation composition remained stable over time. Abandoned and harvested sites with high poplar resprouting developed forest communities in which competitive species that tolerate and generate shade dominated, and tree species recruitment was higher. Riparian sites hosted the highest number of indicator species, mainly wetland and exotic. Simple passive restoration strategies like abandonment of plantations can help create valuable ecosystems, although ones that diverge from riparian forests colonizing new fluvial landforms.
A commercial micropropagation protocol for virupakshi (AAB) banana via apical meristem

In vitro micropropagation of banana ( Musa spp.) cv.virupakshi (Hillbanana) was studied. Suckers were collected from the germ plasm block of Jain R&D (originally established from the suckers from Palani Hills, Tamil Nadu) during summer. The sucker surface sterilized with 1% NaOCl for 30 min gave 100% survival without any contamination. Apical meristems that were isolated and cultured on MS based media supplemented with benzylaminopurine (BAP) 10.0 mg/l and IAA1.0 mg/l gave higher number of shoots (134.3 shoots/explant) within168 days (24 weeks). Kinetin 2.0 mg/l and NAA0.5 mg/l gave early rooting in just five days with 6.6 roots per plant. Observations were recorded after every four weeks up to six sub-culturing. Acclimatization was done in poly house, followed by shade house under 50% light conditions. The hardened plants when shifted to the field showed luxurious growth. The regenerated micro propagated banana plants were tested for genetic uniformity through 13 inter simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers recommended by NCS-TCP, DBT. Profiles obtained by all the three ISSR primers namely, 834, 840 and 850, respectively exhibited similar banding patterns, which revealed the existence of genetic uniformity in micro- propagated plants. Keywords: Micropropagation, Virupakshi, hill banana, banana bunchy top virus
Insecticide susceptibility of the small brown planthopper, Laodelphax striatellus FALLEN, in Nagasaki Prefecture.

1. ベ ルジャーダスター法 供 試 虫:1986年7月 に諌早市貝津町 農試場 内水田 での採 集虫を2-3世 代増殖後供試 した。 検 定 方 法:守 谷 ・前 田(1975)が ツマグロ ヨコバイ で 行った方 法に準 じ,イ ネ稚 苗(草 丈約10cm)と 共 に雌 成 虫 を網 か ご(32メ ッ シュ,直 径5.6cm,高 さ20cm)に 放飼 し,ベ ル ジャー内を200mmHgに 減圧 し,散 粉 後1 分間静 置 し,25°C の恒温器に移 し,6時 間後と24時 間後 に生死 を判 定 した。 処理薬 量 は100mg(10a当 た り2kg 相 当量)と200mgと した。 1区10頭 の3反 復で行 った。 さらに,有 効 と思われた薬剤の速効性 を検討 するため, イネと虫体同時処理区 とイ ネに散布 後虫 を放飼 する区を 設 け,処 理6時 間後 までは1時 間毎,及 び24時 間後に生 死 を判 定 した。 2. 局 所施用 法 供 試 虫:1985年10月 に県内の6地 点(諌 早市 貝津 町,西 彼杵郡多良見町,北 高来郡森 山町,南 高来郡 吾妻 町,福 江市田尾,壱 岐郡石田町)の 水 田で採 集 した成虫 をイネ芽 出 し苗で3-4世 代増殖 して供試 した。 また, 北海道 系統 は1985年8月 に旭川市の水 田で採集 し,土 川 農試 での飼育 虫 を1986年1月 に譲 り受 け,そ の後5~6 世代増殖後検定 に供 した。 1986年 は諌早市貝津町農試場 内水 田か ら6. 7,8,10 月に採集 した成虫及び南高来郡吾妻町 の水 田で同年10月 に採集 した成虫 を2~3世 代増殖後検 定に供 した。 検 定 方 法:各 薬剤(純 度90%以 上)の アセ トン希釈 液0. 051を ミクロシ リンジで雌 成虫の背面 に塗布 後, イネ稚苗 を入れたプ ラスチ ック容器 に収容 し,25°C の恒 温 器 に置 き,24時 間後の生死 を判定 した。 各薬剤4~5 段 階の濃度を とり1そ れぞれ羽 化5日 以内の長翅型雌成 虫10頭 を供試 し,3反 復と した。
Chilling requirement of commercial Echinacea seed

Abstract This study aimed to determine the effect of the moist chilling of seed on germination of Echinacea angustifolia DC. and Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench, and the effect of seed coat trimming on the germination of E. angustifolia. Seed of E. angustifolia stratified for more than 2 weeks achieved maximum germination rates of 65–80%. Maximum germination rates of E. purpurea (84%) were unaffected by periods of stratification. The time to maximum germination declined as the length of the stratification period increased. Trimming the seed coat of E. angustifolia had no significant effect on the germination rate of unstratified seed, but halved the germination rate of seed stratified for more than 2 weeks.
Physiological Differences Between Yellow-Seeded and Black-Seeded Rapeseeds (Brassica napus L.) with Different Testa Characteristics During Artificial Ageing

Yellow-seeded rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) is a new kind of breeding resources with yellow color, increased oil and protein content and less unwanted crude fiber content due to the thinner and transparent testa compared with traditional black or brown-seeded rapeseed. To analyze the longevity of the yellow-seeded rapeseed during storage, the physiological differences between the yellow and black-seeded near-isogenic lines were studied by artificial ageing method. The testa rate, anthocyanin content and melanin content of yellow-seeded rapeseeds decreased by 20.1, 25.2, and 80.4% respectively than black-seeded rapeseed. During artificial ageing, the yellow-seeded rapeseed showed significantly different effect of ageing compared with the black-seeded, as demonstrated by faster deterioration with lower germination percentage, seed vigour index, reducing sugar and soluble protein contents than the black-seeded, as well as a drastic increase in electrical conductivity, malnodialdehyde (MDA) content and a rapid decrease in activities of antioxidant enzymes catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD). The results suggested that the transparent testa of the yellow-seeded rapeseed lost some abilities to protect the embryo against adverse environmental conditions and thus led to a poor storability.
Immuno histochemistry of gastrointestinal ehdocrine cells in the meckel's diveiticulum of the bean goose, anser fabalis latham

The appearance of some gastrointestinal endocrine cells in the Meckel's diveiticulum (MD) of the bean goose, Anser fabalis Latham was observed using specific antisera against serotonin, gastrin, cholecystokinin (CCK)‐8, glucagon, secretin, somatostatin and human pancreatic polypeptide (HPP) with the peroxidase antiperoxidase (PAP) method. Among these specific antisera, serotonin‐, gastrin‐, CCK‐8‐, somatostatin‐ and HPP‐immunoreactive cells were demonstrated in this study. Serotonin‐, gastrin‐ and somatostatin‐immunoreactive cells were detected at moderate frequency and CCK‐8‐ and HPP‐immunoreactive cells was rare and low frequencies, respectively. These immunoreactive cells were located in the superficial epithelium, intestinal crypt and intestinal glands with spherical or spindle shaped cells having long cytoplasmic processes (open typed‐cell). Mucosal layer of MD was composed of simple columnar epithelium and numerous intestinal glands. In addition, numerous lymphatic tissues were also demonstrated. In conclusion, histological profiles of MD were similar to any parts of the large intestine, especially the cecum, but the appearance, distribution and relative frequency of gastrointestinal endocrine cells were similar to those of upper parts of the small intestine. Although the exact digestive functions were unknown, the finding that the appearance, distribution and relative frequency of gastrointestinal endocrine cells in MD is similar to small intestine may be considered as distinct evidence that this organ may have some digestive functions.