Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
User Attitudes About DUO Two-Factor Authentication at BYU

User Attitudes About DUO Two-Factor Authentication at BYU Jonathan W. Dutson Department of Computer Science, BYU Bachelor of Science Simple password-based authentication provides insufficient protection against increasingly common incidents of online identity theft and data loss. Although two-factor authentication (2FA) provides users with increased protection against attackers, users have mixed feelings about the usability of 2FA. We surveyed the students, faculty, and staff of Brigham Young University (BYU) to measure user sentiment about DUO Security, the 2FA system adopted by BYU in 2017. We find that most users consider DUO to be annoying, and about half of those surveyed expressed a preference for authentication without using a second-factor. About half of all participants reported at least one instance of being locked out of their BYU account because of an inability to authenticate with DUO. Students and faculty generally had more negative perceptions of DUO than staff. We suggest that user sentiment about 2FA may most easily be improved by 1) helping users develop a sense of self-efficacy regarding 2FA and 2) educating users about the risks mitigated by 2FA.
Reproduction of Donax venustus Poli 1795, Donax semistriatus Poli 1795 and Intermediate Morphotypes (Bivalvia: Donacidae) in the Littoral of Málaga (Southern Spain)

The reproduction and sexual cycles of Donax venustus Poli 0684\ Donax semistriatus Poli 0684\ and individuals with intermediate shell morphotypes were studied in the littoral of Ma laga "Southern Spain# from February 0889 to January 0880\ using histology and analysing the changes in ~esh dry weight( The littoral of Ma laga has mild seawater temperatures and several upwellings with high levels of chlorophyll a( Due to these environmental conditions\ the reproductive periods of these bivalve species are very extensive\ from February to November( The his! tological study shows asynchronous sexual cycles\ with continuous but partial individual spawnings from April to November in about 49) of the D( semistriatus population\ and percentages higher than 39) of the sample in most months for D( venustus( An important decrease in the ratio ~esh dry weight:length 2 was noted from June to August in the three populations^ this is apparently related with peaks of spawning( Based on the macroscopic observation of the gonads\ on the ~esh dry weight study and on histological data\ the sexual cycle of the intermediate morphotypes is simultaneous and similar throughout the year with those of D( venustus and D( semistriatus(
Total laparoscopic hysterectomy: why surgeon teachers must learn and train residents

Background: The purpose of the present study is to demonstrate the feasibility of laparoscopic surgery for hysterectomy and elaborate our experience.Methods: Between September 2017 and April 2018, 15 patients who were counselled for and opted for total laparoscopic hysterectomy our hospital enrolled in this study. Surgeons used a four-port system with, one 10mm and three 5-mm trocars. All surgical procedures were performed with 30°, 10-mm laparoscope and conventional laparoscopic instruments including monopolar and bipolar cautery system and the LigaSure system. Patient’s history, clinical findings and surgical outcomes were prospectively tabulated, evaluated and analyzed.Results: Out of 15 patients under the study with age range of 40-55years, only 2 patients had hypertension and diabetes mellitus and 2 had anaemia. All 15 patients underwent conventional laparoscopic surgery. Operative time was in a range of 6O–240 min. There were no intra operative complications in 6 patients (40%) and no post op complications in 11 women (73%). Conclusions: The results from our 15 women show that, in experienced hands, laparoscopic hysterectomy is not associated with any increase in major complication rates.
Comparative study on antioxidant activity of four varieties of Flammulina velutipes with different colour

Summary Flammulina velutipes is one of the most popular edible mushrooms consumed all around the world. This study evaluates the antioxidant potential of four varieties of F. velutipes with different colour (snowy white, off-white, yellow, snuff colour) in terms of DPPH scavenging activity, reducing power, hydroxyl radical scavenging activity and metal chelating activity. The total phenols, phenolic acid and l-ergothioneine contents in the four varieties of F. velutipes were also determined. Extracts from yellow F. velutipes demonstrated better antioxidant activities in DPPH, hydroxyl radical and metal chelating activity and extracts from snowy white F. velutipes showed higher activity in reducing power. However, snuff colour F. velutipes exhibited the lowest antioxidant activity in all the tested assays. The antioxidant activities may be attributed to the higher phenolic acid and l-ergothioneine contents as a linear relation was observed between the two components and the antioxidant parameters.
Reaction of Brassica species to infection by Alternaria brassicae.

Thirty-five cultivars/strains belonging to six Brassica species were evaluated for their reaction to Alternaria brassicae under laboratory conditions. Detached leaves were wounded and inoculated with a spore suspension, and incubated at room temperature for 4 d. Lesion diameter was used as an indicator of resistance. The smallest lesions were observed in B. carinata, followed by, in order of increasing lesion size, B. oleracea, B. napus, B. campestris, B. juncea, and B. nigra. Intraspecific differences for lesion size occurred in B. napus, B. campestris, B. juncea, and B. oleracea.Key words: Brassica, Alternaria brassicae, summer rape, summer turnip rape, mustard
Therapeutic Role of Dance in the Treatment of Endometriosis-Related Chronic Pelvic Pain: A Proof-of-Concept Study

Background: Endometriosis causes chronic pelvic pain in many of the women affected, which may not remit after surgery or pharmacological treatment. Physical exercise as complementary therapy has already shown to be beneficial QoL in some chronic diseases, including endometriosis, but has not hitherto tested in the form of dance. Material and Methods: A prospective cohort-proof-of-concept, open-label study, was conducted during the first half of 2017 in a private gynecologic center in Barcelona (Spain). Participants attended 12 dance sessions along eight weeks and were followed for one month after the end of the therapy. 6 nulliparous women who had been preciously treated by one or more surgeries, without current evidence of endometriosis but complaining of endometriosis-related chronic pelvic pain were included in this proof-ofconcept study. Pain, QoL and anxiety and kinesiophobia parameters were measured along the study. Results: Results showed a benefit for the QoL parameters, being significant for the SF-36, which improved in a 20.5% for its Mental Component Summary and in a 16.4% for its Physical Component Summary. The other parameters did not reach clinical significance although improvement outcomes were observed for Zung scale and Tampa scale of kinesiophobia. Pain outcomes, measured with the Endometriosis Associated Pelvic Pain scale, did not show a significant improvement along the study. Conclusion: Although studies with more ambitious design are needed in order to extrapolate the results of this proof of concept, physical exercise seems to have a beneficial effect on QoL of women with endometriosis-related chronic pain
Próteses auditivas: um estudo sobre seu benefício na qualidade de vida de indivíduos portadores de perda auditiva neurossensorial

Objective: the purpose of this study was to evaluate the hearing aid fitting benefit in 18 hearing impaired adults, with acquired hearing loss fitted with monaural linear analog hearing aid. Design: 38 hearing impaired subjects with acquired hearing loss, from mild to moderate to severe hearing loss ranging, from 20 to 80 years old, who received one hearing aid. Results: the functional gain were evaluated, the average thresholds from 0,5 to 4kHz frequencies were significantly higher with hearing aids. The results of the APHAB revealed significant differences in all subscales, considering disabilities measured without the hearing aid and one and three months after the hearing aids fitting. Conclusion: A significant reduction in auditory difficulties with sound amplification in favorable, reverberating and noisy environments was noted, although a difficulty in dealing with intense environmental sounds were observed.
GnRH Inducing LH Release, Nutrition and Plasma Cortisol in High Producing Dairy Cows Postpartum

The primary objective of this study was to determine how the luteinizing hormone (LH) response to gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) treatment after parturition correlates with the intakes of total digestible nutrient (TDN) and crude protein (CP), and the plasma concentration of glucose and cortisol during the postpartum period in high producing dairy cows (HPDC). The second objective was to determine whether GnRH analogue (GnRH-A) treatment induces ovulation and subsequently ovarian cyclicity in the acyclic cows. The day of normal parturition was desig-nated DAY 0. Twenty-four multiparous Holstein cows were assigned randomly to one of three postpartum groups and accordingly received 200 µ g of GnRH-A intramuscularly at either day 10 (DAY 10 group; n=9 postpartum acyclic cows), day 30 (acyclic DAY 30 group; n=4 postpartum acyclic cows: cyclic DAY 30 group; n=6 postpartum cows with functional corpus luteum (CL)) or day 60 (DAY 60 group; n=5 postpartum cows with functional CL). For the analysis of LH concentration, blood samples were collected at 15- or 30-min intervals until 8 h after the treatment. Plasma samples collected before the GnRH-A injection were assayed for LH, cortisol (CORTISOL) and glucose (GLUCOSE). In order to analyze TDN and CP intake until 9 weeks after parturition, 6, 2 and 4 cows were randomly selected from the DAY 10, acyclic DAY 30 and cyclic DAY 30 groups respectively. The CORTISOL (2.3 ± 2.3 ng/ml), GLUCOSE (45.5 ± 7.3 mg/dl), and plasma peak LH concentration after GnRH-A injection (27.6 ± 11.1 ng/ml), as well as the area under the LH response curve (AUC; 3250 ± 1505) and TDN intake at the week of GnRH-A injection as a percentage of requirement (67.8 ± 8.2 %) were smaller than other groups in the DAY 10 group (P<0.05). These items in the weeks following parturition tended to increase as the postpartum period progressed. From the results of DAY 10, we found only two significant positive correlation coefficients by rank (P<0.05) between CORTISOL and peak LH (r=0.72) and between CORTISOL and AUC (r=0.65). From the comparison between acyclic DAY 30 and cyclic DAY 30 groups, no clear correlation could be found between nutrition and pituitary LH release response to GnRH-A. In conclusion, the LH release induced by GnRH-A injection, plasma cortisol level and values of nutritional items in the weeks following parturition tended to increase as the postpartum period progressed. However in the same week after parturition, the LH response to GnRH-A treatment is correlated only with plasma cortisol level, and not with nutrition. Additionally, all the treated cows had single or multiple ovulations, and started or continued estrous cycles of normal length lasting for 18 to 22 days.
Telbivudine for chronic hepatitis B: the GLOBE trial

Telbivudine is the latest nucleoside/nucleotide analog approved for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B. It has been extensively studied in Phase I, II and III trials. The Phase III trial (the GLOBE study) recruited more than 1300 chronic hepatitis B patients. It demonstrated that telbivudine was superior to lamivudine with a greater reduction of HBV DNA levels in hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg)-positive and -negative disease after 1 year of treatment. The resistance rate at year 1 was also lower in patients receiving telbivudine. This antiviral superiority is maintained up to 2 years of treatment. There were no serious adverse effects in patients receiving telbivudine treatment. To further minimize the chance of emergence of drug resistance, careful patient selection according to the baseline HBV DNA levels, alanine aminotransferase levels and HBV DNA levels at week 24 of treatment should be carried out. Continuation of telbivudine monotherapy is associated with a low chance of resistance patients receivi.
Assessing Farm Record Keeping Behaviour among Small-Scale Poultry Farmers in the Ga East Municipality

The study sought to investigate the farm record keeping behaviour among small-scale poultry farmers in the Ga East Municipality. Data was collected by the use of the simple random sampling technique. All the poultry farmers interviewed kept at least production and financial records. The chi-square test of independence showed that farm record keeping was independent of age, educational level, experience in poultry farming, farmer status, number of birds owned by respondents and respondents’ membership of a farmer association. The reason why most of the farmers did not keep all the farm records was because they assert that those records were not beneficial to them. An award for the best farm record keeper must be instituted by the Ministry of Food and Agriculture (MoFA) in collaboration with other non-governmental agencies to help boost farmers’ interest in keeping farm records.
Educational Equity in Spain and Norway: A Comparative Analysis of Two OECD Country Notes

This article undertakes a comparative study of the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development’s (OECD) thematic reviews on “equity in education” for Spain and Norway. The author investigates whether there may be a similar orientation to equity expressed in the two reviews and discusses how social stratification may occur within the recommendations to improve equity. The author claims that special attention should be paid to how “multiculturalism” is combined with “national measurements of key performance indicators” and how the “objective” definition of schools as good or bad through national testing may affect the demography of the schools. Targeting the inequity that may arise through a conservative modernization, the author finds that it is important to employ an expanded concept of “educational policy. ”
Cloning and expression analysis of dihydroxyflavonol 4-reductase (DFR) in Ascocenda spp.

Dihydroflavonol 4-reductase (DFR) gene is a key gene of anthocyanins biosynthesis pathway, which represent an importance pathway for orchid flower. In this study, cloning and expression analysis of DFR gene in Ascocenda spp. were carried out. Nucleotide analysis revealed that the Ascocenda DFR gene was 1,056 bp in length, and encoded a protein of 351 amino acid residues. A typical translation initiation codon (ATG) and translation termination codon (TGA), the most frequently found codon in plant were identified, indicating a full-length coding sequence of the DFR gene. The calculated molecular mass of the deduced polypeptide was 39.8 kDa and the predicted isoelectric point was 5.58. Homology analysis revealed that the amino acid sequence of the Ascocenda DFR gene product was 80 to 87% identity to amino acid sequences of DFR gene products of other orchids such as Bromheadia, Dendrobium, Cymbidium and Oncidium. It also showed a high degree of identity to the DFR gene products of other flowers such as Lilium, Tilipa, Allium, Gentiana and Chrysanthenum. Southern blot analysis indicate that DFR is presented as a single copy in the Ascocenda spp. genome. The AscoDFR gene was highly expressed in the flower stages 2 and 3 of development as well as in the sepal and petal of the orchid flower.
Targeting local tissues by transdermal application: Understanding drug physicochemical properties that best exploit protein binding and blood flow effects

The targeting of topically applied drug molecules into tissues below a site of application requires an understanding of the complex interrelationships between the drug, its formulation, the barrier properties of the skin, and the physiological processes occurring below the skin that are responsible for drug clearance from the site, tissue, and/or systemic distribution and eventual elimination. There is still a certain amount of controversy over the ability of topically applied drugs to penetrate into deeper tissues by diffusion or whether this occurs by redistribution in the systemic circulation. The major focus of our work in this area has been in determining how changes in drug structure and physicochemical properties, such as protein binding and lipophilicity, affect drug clearance into the local dermal microcirculation and lymphatics, as well as subsequent distribution into deeper tissues below an application site. The present study outlines our recent thinking on the drug molecule optimal physical attributes, in terms of plasma and tissue partitioning behaviour, that offer the greatest potential for deep tissue targeting. Drug Dev. Res. 46:309–315, 1999. © 1999 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
VARIANCE OF SIZE–AGE CURVES: BOOTSTRAPPING WITH AUTOCORRELATION

We modify a method of estimating size–age relations from a minimal set of individual increment data, recognizing that growth depends not only on size but also varies greatly among individuals and is consistent within an individual for several to many time intervals. The method is exemplified with data from a long-lived desert plant and a range of autocorrelation factors encompassing field-measured values. The results suggest that age estimates based on size and growth rates with only moderate autocorrelation are subject to large variation, which raises major problems for prediction or hindcasting for ecological analysis or management.
Cytomegalovirus Reactivation in Hematopoietic Stem cell Transplantation managed by Preemptive Treatment with lower dose Valganciclovir

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate risk factors for cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection, effect of viral reactivation on hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) and efficacy of preemptive treatment using a lower dose valganciclovir for the first time. Material and Method: The data of 447 patients who underwent HSCT for malignant and non-malignant hematological disorders at a single center from September 2009 to December 2016 were retrospectively evaluated in this study. DNA levels of CMV were routinely tested two days per week for the first 24 months following HSCT, and in case of clinical suspicion after 24 months using the Quantitative Real-Time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Results: Ninety (54.2%) allogeneic transplant patients, and forty one (14.6%) autologous transplant patients had CMV reactivation. There was a statistically significant increase in CMV reactivation in the non-myeloablative (NMA) allogeneic transplant group compared to the myeloablative (MA) group at a value of 150-1000 copies/mL CMV-PCR (p= 0.002). Acute/chronic Graft Versus Host Disease (GVHD) were observed in 30 of allogeneic HSCT patients. 29 of these patients (96.6%) had CMV antigenemia. There was a significant association between the development of acute/ chronic GVHD, and CMV viremia (p= 0.001). The patients without CMV antigenemia had a higher incidence of mortality at first 100-day, and 365-day in allogeneic transplant group (p= 0.022, p= 0.024, respectively). The 5-year overall survival (OS) rate was 61% in the viremia group, and 62% in the non-viremia group. There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups in terms of 5-year OS (p= 0.551). In patients receiving a lower dose of 900 mg/day valganciclovir treatment due to viremia, CMV disease did not develop and no adverse effect that required the drug to be discontinued was observed. Conclusion: The results conducted that development of GVHD was associated with CMV viremia. Early and late mortality rate were higher in the patients without CMV antigenemia. However; CMV reactivation had no impact on patients’ survival post allogeneic and autologous HSCT. Also, this was the first study that conducted preemptive treatment approach in the CMV viremia using a lower dose valganciclovir is safe and effective in HSCT.
QUANTIFYING MALE WOOD THRUSH NEST-ATTENDANCE AND ITS RELATIONSHIP TO NEST SUCCESS

Abstract Male Wood Thrushes (Hylocichla mustelina) attend their nests by perching near its rim, a behavior common to many species and presumed to be for the purpose of guarding eggs or young in the nest. We classified nests into two groups based on whether or not we observed an attending male during any nest inspection. We found that nests attended by male Wood Thrushes had higher success rates (i.e., lower predation rates) than unattended nests in Illinois where Blue Jays were a dominant nest predator. In contrast, there was no significant difference in nest success between attended and unattended nests in New York where rodents (mice and chipmunks) and raptors, such as the Sharp-shinned Hawk, were important predators on nests and adults, respectively. Despite differences in risk to adults and nests between the two sites, the frequency of observing attendant males did not differ between sites. In contrast to studies in the literature, the frequency of nest-attendance in the New York population was negatively related to year-to-year variation in chipmunk density, an independent measure of the risk of nest predation. Cuantificación de la Presencia del Macho de Hylocichla mustelina en el Nido y su Relación con el Éxito del Nido Resumen. Los machos de Hylocichla mustelina se posan cerca del borde sus nidos aparentemente con el propósito de vigilar sus huevos o sus crías, lo que representa un comportamiento común en muchas especies. Clasificamos los nidos en dos grupos basados en la presencia o ausencia de un macho durante las inspecciones de los nidos. Encontramos que los nidos que presentaron machos de H. mustelina tuvieron mayores tasas de éxito (i.e., menores tasas de depredación) que los nidos sin machos en Illinois, donde Cyanocitta cristata fue el depredador de nidos dominante. En contraste, no hubo una diferencia significativa en el éxito de los nidos entre los que contaron o no con la presencia de machos en Nueva York, donde los roedores (ratones y ardillas listadas) y las rapaces (como Accipiter striatus) fueron importantes depredadores tanto de nidos como de adultos. A pesar de las diferencias en el riesgo al que están sujetos los adultos y los nidos entre los dos sitios, la frecuencia de observación de presencia de machos no difirió entre los sitios. En contraste con los estudios publicados, la frecuencia de la presencia de machos en los nidos en la población de Nueva York se relacionó negativamente con la variación interanual en la densidad de ardillas listadas, lo que representa una medida independiente del riesgo de depredación de los nidos.
Suitability of Three Prey Species for Nearctic Populations of Coccinella septempunctata, Hippodamia variegata, and Propylea quatuordecimpunctata (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae)

Coccinella septempunetata L. larvae reared at 23 ± 2°C (16:8 [L:D]) on pea aphids, Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris), required an average of 13.1 d to complete development, a significantly faster rate of development than observed on corn leaf aphids, Rhopalosiphum maidis (Fitch) (16 d). Adult C. septempunetata from larvae reared on A. pisum were larger and weighed more than adults reared on R. maidis . Developmental times of Nearctic Hippodamia variegate Goeze and Propylea quatuordecimpunetata L. , were not influenced by larval prey, but adult P. quatuordecimpunetata were heavier and larger when reared on A. pisum . First instars of the three > (Hiibner) and desiccated within 3 d at 23°C. A. pisum is a highly suitable larval prey for Nearctic populations of these predators; redistribution program releases in alfalfa infested with A. pisum are appropriate. In corn, these coccinellids can develop on R. maidis , but first instars cannot utilize O. nubilalis eggs as an alternate food source.