Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Labor prior to cesarean delivery associated with higher post-discharge opioid consumption

Background Severe acute post-cesarean delivery (CD) pain has been associated with an increased risk for persistent pain and postpartum depression. Identification of women at increased risk for pain can be used to optimize post-cesarean analgesia. The impact of labor prior to CD (intrapartum CD) on acute post-operative pain and opioid use is unclear. We hypothesized that intrapartum CD, which has been associated with both increased inflammation and affective distress related to an unexpected surgical procedure, would result in higher postoperative pain scores and increased opioid intake. Methods This is a secondary analysis of a prospective cohort study examining opioid use up to 2 weeks following CD. Women undergoing CD at six academic medical centers in the United States 9/2014-3/2016 were contacted by phone two weeks following discharge. Participants completed a structured interview that included questions about postoperative pain scores and opioid utilization. They were asked to retrospectively estimate their maximal pain score on an 11-point numeric rating scale at multiple time points, including day of surgery, during hospitalization, immediately after discharge, 1st week, and 2nd week following discharge. Pain scores over time were assessed utilizing a generalized linear mixed-effects model with the patient identifier being a random effect, adjusting for an a priori defined set of confounders. A multivariate negative binomial model was utilized to assess the association between intrapartum CD and opioid utilization after discharge, also adjusting for the same confounders. In the context of non-random prescription distribution, this model was constructed with an offset for the number of tablets dispensed. Results A total of 720 women were enrolled, 392 with and 328 without labor prior to CD. Patients with intrapartum CD were younger, less likely to undergo repeat CD or additional surgical procedures, and more likely to experience a complication of CD. Women with intrapartum CD consumed more opioid tablets following discharge than women without labor (median 20, IQR 10–30 versus 17, IQR 6–30; p = 0.005). This association persisted after adjustment for confounders (incidence rate ratio 1.16, 95% CI 1.05–1.29; p = 0.004). Pain scores on the day of surgery were higher in women with intrapartum CD (difference 0.91, 95% CI 0.52–1.30; adj. p = <0.001) even after adjustment for confounders. Pain scores at other time points were not meaningfully different between the two groups. Conclusion Intrapartum CD is associated with worse pain on the day of surgery but not other time points. Opioid requirements following discharge were modestly increased following intrapartum CD.
A case series of brain abscesses: an eleven-year retrospective single center study.

INTRODUCTION We lack data on the epidemiology and management of brain abscesses in the Middle East. The aim of this study is to report a case series of brain abscesses admitted at a tertiary care center in Lebanon, between January 2008 and December 2018. METHODOLOGY This retrospective study aimed at determining the demographic data, treatment, and correlations between different studied variables with prognosis of patients that received treatment. RESULTS Forty-one patients (30 males) were included with a median age of 37 years (2-85). The analysis showed that the classic triad of fever, headache and neurologic deficit was only present in 12% of patients on admission. The source of infection was contiguous in 36.5%, post surgical in 32%, and distant in 17% of cases. Stereotactic biopsy was performed in 41.5% of patients, and craniotomy in 19.5%. A microorganism was isolated in 63% of patients (26 cases). The most used antibiotics were carbapenems (46%) and glycopeptides (66%). Eighty percent of patient (33) had a good outcome. A worse prognosis was significantly correlated with immunosuppression and multiple cerebral abscesses. CONCLUSIONS Brain abscess remains a relatively rare condition.
Reply to Linton: Perspectival interference up close

The objects in Fig. 1 clearly have different real-world shapes. But do they also have any shared shape appearance from our point of view? A longstanding philosophical tradition is divided on this question (1). But whereas most of this tradition relies on introspection, we recently took an experimental approach: When searching for head-on elliptical objects, rotated circular objects are more effective distractors than head-on circular objects, producing slower search times (2). Our interpretation is that the objects compete because they appear to share something: their “perspectival shape. ”
Effect of Ultrasound on Alkali Extraction Protein from Rice Dreg Flour

In this study, Counter-current ultrasound-assisted alkali was employed to extract rice dreg protein (RDP) from rice dreg flour (RDF). The results indicated that extraction yield of RDP reached a maximum value at 0.08 mol/L alkali concentrate. It was only 43.20% in absence of ultrasound, whereas it reached up to 88.44% under ultrasonic condition. Amino acid composition, scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy and fourier transform infrared spectra were used to determine amino acid composition, morphology, aggregates and microstructure of RDP. Ultrasound treatment could result in improving of hydrophobic amino acids content and changing of RDF and RDP microstructure, showing enhancement in the porosity of RDF particle, variation of RDP particle size. Thus, the acceleration of protein extraction was related to the changes of RDF and RDP microstructure caused by ultrasound. Counter-current ultrasound-assisted alkali extraction, as a modified method, was proved to be helpful in industrial manufacture of RDP from RDF. Practical Applications Low-frequency high-intensity ultrasound has been used in many aspects in laboratory, such as extraction of components, pretreatment. Counter-current ultrasound-assisted extraction was proved to be helpful in industrial manufacture of protein because it can dramatically improve extraction rate of rice dreg protein, and Counter-current ultrasound method can achieve continuous production of industrialization.
Approximation of the age distribution of cancer incidence using a mutational model

The approximation of the age distributions of cancers was carried out using a complex mutational model presented in our work [1]. Datasets from the American National Cancer Institute (SEER program) were used. We approximated the datasets for the age distributions of lung, stomach, colon and breast cancer in women; cancer of the lung, stomach, colon and prostate in men. The average number of mutations (required for cancer formation) averaged over the four types of cancer is 5 mutations per cell in women and in men. The average (over the four types of cancer) mutation rate is estimated as 1.0 · 10 −1 mutations per year per cell for women and 3.8 · 10 −1 mutations per year per cell for men. This article is a continuation of work [1].
Neural activity tracking identity and confidence in social information

Humans learn about the environment either directly by interacting with it or indirectly by seeking information about it from social sources such as conspecifics. The degree of confidence in the information obtained through either route should determine the impact that it has on adapting and changing behaviour. We examined whether and how behavioural and neural computations differ during non-social learning as opposed to learning from social sources. Trial-wise confidence judgments about non-social and social information sources offered a window into this learning process. Despite matching exactly the statistical features of social and non-social conditions, confidence judgments were more accurate and less changeable when they were made about social as opposed to non-social information sources. In addition to subjective reports of confidence, differences were also apparent in the Bayesian estimates of participants’ subjective beliefs. Univariate activity in dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (dmPFC) and posterior temporo-parietal junction (pTPJ) more closely tracked confidence about social as opposed to non-social information sources. In addition, the multivariate patterns of activity in the same areas encoded identities of social information sources compared to non-social information sources.
Shallow neural networks trained to 1 detect collisions recover features of 2 visual loom-selective neurons

Animals have evolved sophisticated visual circuits to solve a vital inference problem: 13 detecting whether or not a visual signal corresponds to an object on a collision course. Such 14 events are detected by speciﬁc circuits sensitive to visual looming, or objects increasing in size. 15 Various computational models have been developed for these circuits, but how the 16 collision-detection inference problem itself shapes the computational structures of these circuits 17 remains unknown. Here, inspired by the distinctive structures of LPLC2 neurons in the visual 18 system of Drosophila , we build anatomically-constrained shallow neural network models and 19 train them to identify visual signals that correspond to impending collisions. Surprisingly, the 20 optimization arrives at two distinct, opposing solutions, only one of which matches the actual 21 dendritic weighting of LPLC2 neurons. Both solutions can solve the inference problem with high 22 accuracy when the population size is large enough. The LPLC2-like solutions reproduces 23 experimentally observed LPLC2 neuron responses for many stimuli, and reproduces canonical 24 tuning of loom sensitive neurons, even though the models are never trained on neural data. 25 Thus, LPLC2 neuron properties and tuning are predicted by optimizing an 26 anatomically-constrained neural network to detect impending collisions. More generally, these 27 results illustrate how optimizing inference tasks that are important for an animal’s perceptual 28 goals can reveal and explain computational properties of speciﬁc sensory neurons.
Involvement of sensory neuron-TRPV4 in acute and chronic itch behaviors

Itch, particularly chronic itch, negatively impacts patients’ physical, social, and psychological well-being, leading to deterioration in their quality of life. Limited understanding of itch mechanisms hinders the development of effective antipruritic treatments.TRPV4, a multimodally activated nonselective cation channel, has been detected in sensory neurons of dorsal root and trigeminal ganglion (DRG, TG) and skin cells (e.g. keratinocytes, mast cells, and macrophages). Recent evidence from experimental and clinical relevant studies has implicated that TRPV4 in skin cells plays an important role in both acute and chronic itch. In contrast, little is known whether TRPV4 in sensory neurons directly contributes to scratching behaviors. Here we used sensory neuron-Trpv4 conditional knockout (cKO) mice to address this question. Our results showed that TRPV4 in sensory neurons contributes to scratching behavior evoked by histaminergic (histamine and 48/80) and partial histaminergic (5-HT), but not non-histaminergic (SLIGRL and CQ) pruritogens. Moreover, we observed that TRPV4 in sensory neurons is required for dry skin, but not allergic contact dermatitis, -associated chronic itch. These findings suggest that neuronal-TRPV4 might be specific for some forms of acute and chronic itch.
Harmonic Passive Motion Paradigm

How humans robustly interact with external dynamics is not yet fully understood. This work presents a hierarchical architecture of semi-autonomous controllers that can control the redundant kinematics of the limbs during dynamic interaction, even with delays comparable to the nervous system. The postural optimisation is performed via a non-linear mapping of the system kineto-static properties, and it allows independent control of the end-effector trajectories and the arms stiffness. The proposed architecture is tested in a physical simulator in the absence of gravity, presence of gravity, and with gravity plus a viscous force field. The data indicate that the architecture can generalise motor strategies to different environmental conditions. The experiments also verify the existence of a deterministic solution to the task-separation principle. The architecture is also compatible with Optimal Feedback Control and the Passive Motion Paradigm. The existence of a deterministic mapping implies that this task could be encoded in neural networks capable of generalisation of motion strategies to affine tasks.
CLUH interactome reveals an association to SPAG5 and a proximity to the translation of mitochondrial protein

Mitochondria require thousands of proteins to fulfil their essential function in energy production and other fundamental biological processes. These proteins are mostly encoded by the nuclear genome, translated in the cytoplasm before being imported into the organelle. RNA binding proteins (RBPs) are central players in the regulation of this process by affecting mRNA translation, stability or localization. CLUH is an RBP recognizing specifically mRNAs coding for mitochondrial proteins, but its precise molecular function and interacting partners remain undiscovered in mammals. Here we reveal for the first time CLUH interactome in mammalian cells. Using both co-IP and BioID proximity-labeling approaches, we identify novel molecular partners interacting stably or transiently with CLUH in HCT116 cells and mouse embryonic stem cells. We reveal a stable RNA-independent interaction of CLUH with itself and with SPAG5 in cytosolic granular structures. More importantly, we uncover an unexpected proximity of CLUH to mitochondrial proteins and their cognate mRNAs in the cytosol. Additionally, our data highlight the importance of CLUH TPR domain for its interactions with both proteins and mRNAs. Overall, through the analysis of CLUH interactome, our study sheds a new light on CLUH molecular function by highlighting its association to the translation and subcellular localization of some mRNAs coding for mitochondrial proteins.
Linking individual differences in cognitive control and perception: Meta-perception in older and younger adults

Visual perception is not only shaped by sensitivity, but also by confidence, i.e. the ability to estimate the accuracy of a visual decision. There is robust evidence that younger observers have access to a reliable measure of their own uncertainty when making visual decisions. This metacognitive ability might be challenged during aging due to increasing sensory noise and decreasing cognitive control resources. We investigated age effects on visual confidence using a confidence forced-choice paradigm. We determined discrimination thresholds for trials in which perceptual judgements were indicated as confident and for those in which they were declined as confident. Younger adults (19-38 years) showed significantly lower discrimination thresholds than older adults (60-78 years). In both age groups, perceptual performance was linked to confidence judgements, but overall results suggest reduced confidence efficiency in older adults. However, we observed substantial variability of confidence effects across all particpants. This variability was closely linked to individual differences in cognitive control capacities, i.e. executive function. Our findings provide evidence for age-related differences in meta-perceptual efficiency that present a specific challenge to perceptual performance in old age. We propose that these age effects are primarily mediated by cognitive control resources, supporting their crucial role for metacognitive efficiency.
Subspace alignment as a mechanism for binding

To choose between options, we must solve two important binding problems. First, the features that determine each options’ values must be appropriately combined and kept separate from the corresponding features of other options. Second, options must be associated with the specific actions needed to select them. We hypothesized that the brain solves these problems through use of aligned (for bound dimensions) and orthogonal (for separated dimensions) population subspaces. We examined responses of single neurons in six putative value-coding regions in rhesus macaques performing a risky choice task. In all areas, single neurons encode the features that define the value of each option (stakes and probability) but only very weakly encode value per se. However, the coding dimensions associated with these features are aligned on a single subspace, from which a strong emergent value signal can be read out. Moreover, all six regions use nearly orthogonal subspaces for the left and right options, thereby linking options to their position in space, implementing functional partitioning, and reducing the possibility of misbinding. These results provide a new solution to the neuroeconomic binding problems and suggest that other forms of binding may work through similar principles.
Phylogenomic Evidence for the Origin of Obligate Anaerobic Anammox Bacteria Around the Great Oxidation Event

The anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) bacteria could transform ammonium and nitrite to dinitrogen gas, and this obligate anaerobic process accounts for up to half of the global nitrogen loss in surface environments. Yet its origin and evolution, which may give important insights into the biogeochemistry of early Earth, remains enigmatic. Here, we performed comprehensive phylogenomic analysis and showed a single origin of anammox bacteria within the phylum Planctomycetes. After accommodating the uncertainties and factors influencing time estimates, which includes implementing both a traditional cyanobacteria-based and a recently developed mitochondria-based approach, we estimated that anammox bacteria originated at early Proterozoic and most likely around the so-called Great Oxidation Event (GOE; 2.32 to 2.5 billion years ago [Ga]) which fundamentally changed global biogeochemical cycles. We further showed that during the origin of anammox bacteria, genes involved in oxidative stress, bioenergetics and anammox granules formation were recruited, which might have contributed to their survival on an increasingly oxic Earth. Our findings suggest the rising levels of atmospheric oxygen, which made nitrite increasingly available, was a potential driving force for the emergence of anammox bacteria. This is one of the first studies that link the GOE to the evolution of obligate anaerobic bacteria.
Rivaroxaban is Comparable to Warfarin in Prevention of Thromboembolism in Patients with Non-Valvular Atrial Fibrillation with Valvular Heart Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Objectives: While the use of novel oral anticoagulants (NOACs) has been approved in the treatment of non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF), we are lacking studies on individual NOACs in NVAF with valvular heart disease (VHD) including bio-prosthetic valve and valve repair. We aimed to determine the efficacy and safety of rivaroxaban compared to warfarin in prevention of thromboembolism in patients with NVAF with VHD. Methods: We searched PubMed, MEDLINE, and EMBASE including only RCTs and Cohort studies from inception till April 2021. Eligible studies compared rivaroxaban with warfarin in patients with NVAF with VHD. We excluded patients with valvular AF. We used Review Manager (version 5.4, Cochrane Collaboration, Oxford, UK) applying the Mantel-Haenszel test and followed PRISMA guidelines. Risk ratio (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using a random-effects method and heterogeneity using I squared test. Results: We had total of 23136 participants in both groups. Our results showed stroke and systemic thromboembolism in 88 of 4258 (2.06%) patients in the rivaroxaban group compared to 351 of 18878 (1.85%) patients in the warfarin group (RR 0.76; 95% CI, 0.55, 1.06; heterogeneity I2 = 35%, P = 0.10), major bleeding in 247 of 4258 (5.8%) patients in the rivaroxaban group compared to 270 of 18879 (1.4%) patients in the warfarin group (HR 1.68; 95% CI, 0.59, 4.77; heterogeneity I2 = 97%) and intracranial hemorrhage in 24 out of 2583 (0.9%) patients in the rivaroxaban group compared to 35 of 2160 (1.6%) in warfarin group (HR 0.49; 95% CI, 0.16, 1.56; heterogeneity I2 = 70%). Conclusions: Our results show that rivaroxaban is comparable to warfarin in prevention of stroke and systemic thromboembolism in patients with NVAF with VHD. Rivaroxaban is also comparable to warfarin in bleeding risks in these patients.
モンモリロナイトのX線底面反射と層間陽イオンの関係― 特にCaおよびNaの分布について;モンモリロナイトのX線底面反射と層間陽イオンの関係― 特にCaおよびNaの分布について;Relationship between X-ray basal reflections and interlayer cations of montmorillonite: on the distribution of Ca and Na ions

黒鉱変質帯に産するmontmorilloniteの層間を,Ca,Mg,NaおよびKの各陽イオン均一にし,そのX線底面反射を相対湿度0～100%で測定した。 その結果,それぞれのイオンに対する底面反射の挙動が明らかになった。 その中で特にNaとCaの場合の差が著しい相対湿度(r.h.40%)を選び,天然のNaとCaイオンを多く含むmontmorilloniteのX線回折図を検討した。 混合層構造のmodelによる計算結果と比較すると,層間のNaとCaイオンはsegregationをしていると考えられる。
Towards Sustainable Innovative Business Models

This paper addresses two research questions: (1) How do firms innovate their business models to deal with the economic, environmental and social aspects of sustainability, and their interconnections? (2) How do managers design the process toward more sustainable innovative business models? Starting from the triple-layered canvas as a theoretical framework, a pattern matching technique is used to compare that theoretical pattern to the empirical pattern observed. The study is based on qualitative methods and data from a Spanish company in the wine sector. The findings indicate that the triple-layered canvas is applicable and useful for micro firms, although the process to design sustainable innovative business models might be even more important. A new theoretical model is inferred and proposed to incorporate the perspective of the process of the business model innovations for sustainability, and to add several relevant aspects to make the process more successful. Besides this, non-family firms introducing sustainable business model innovations in their economic, ecological, and social aspects move closer to family firms’ distinctive behavior. Finally, the implications and future lines of research are summarized.
Large-scale deregulation of gene expression by artificial light at night in tadpoles of common toads

Artificial light at night (ALAN) affects numerous physiological and behavioural mechanisms in various species by potentially disturbing circadian timekeeping systems. Although gene-specific approaches have already shown the deleterious effect of ALAN on the circadian clock, immunity and reproduction, large-scale transcriptomic approaches with ecologically relevant light levels are still lacking to assess the global impact of ALAN on biological processes. Moreover, studies have focused mainly on variations in gene expression during the night in the presence of ALAN but never during the day. In a controlled laboratory experiment, transcriptome sequencing of Bufo bufo tadpoles revealed that ALAN affected gene expression at both night and daytime with a dose-dependent effect and globally induced a downregulation of genes. ALAN effects were detected at very low levels of illuminance (0.1 lux) and affected mainly genes related to the innate immune system and, to a lesser extend to lipid metabolism. These results indicate that a broad range of physiological pathways is impacted at the molecular level by very low levels of ALAN potentially resulting in reduced survival under environmental immune challenges.