Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect of carbonized apple wood on nitrogen-transforming microorganisms and nitrogen oxides in soil of apple root zone: Effects of carbonized apple wood on soil N transformation

Biochar amendment is commonly used to mitigate anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions of agricultural soil. A new type of biochar, carbonized apple wood (CAW), was applied at different rates (0, 5, 10, 20 and 40 g kg−1) to the soil of 2-year-old apple trees (Malus domestica Borkh. cv. Fuji) grown in pots. The variation in soil abundance of functional genes involved in microbial ammonia oxidation (Anammox and amoA) and denitrification (nirS and nirK) was determined by quantitative PCR, and the nitric oxide (NO) and nitrous oxide (N2O) concentrations in the treated soil were analysed using microelectrodes. The soil’s microbial biomass carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus increased significantly with 5 and 10 g kg−1 CAW application, and addition of 5–40 g kg−1 CAW altered microbial nitrogen transformation. Furthermore, 5–40 g kg−1 CAW application at 5–20-cm soil depth reduced NO and N2O concentrations. Redundancy analysis showed close relations between microbial functional genes and soil variables (including microbial biomass carbon, nitric oxide, nitrate nitrogen and nitrite nitrogen) after CAW application. These results indicated that microbial nitrogen transformation varied depending on the amount of CAW applied. Application of a moderate amount of CAW (i.e. 10 g kg−1) reduced the abundance of functional genes involved in microbial nitrogen transformation, suggesting a potential link with the observed reduction in NO and N2O concentrations in the apple root-zone soil.
Frame error rate for single-hop and dual-hop transmissions in 802.15.4 LoWPANs

ABSTRACT IEEE 802.15. 4 is a popular standard for personal area networks used in different low-rate short-range applications. This paper examines the error rate performance of 802.15. 4 in fading wireless channel. An analytical model is formulated for evaluating frame error rate (FER); first, for direct single-hop transmission between two sensor nodes, and second, for dual-hop (DH) transmission using an in-between relay node. During modeling the transceiver design parameters are chosen according to the specifications set for both the 2.45 GHz and 868/915 MHz bands. We have also developed a simulation test bed for evaluating FER. Some results showed expected trends, such as FER is higher for larger payloads. Other observations are not that intuitive. It is interesting to note that the error rates are significantly higher for the DH case and demands a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) penalty of about 7 dB. Also, the FER shoots from zero to one within a very small range of SNR.
A long term evaluation of permanent bonded retention after treatment with fixed orthodontic appliances

In 2004 and again in 2009, the Cochrane collaboration reviewed orthodontic clinical practice on retention. The review found; “there are insufficient data on which to base our clinical practice on retention at present”. The Aims of this study were two; the first was to review the effectiveness, durability and dental health impacts of bonded retainers (BRs) that have been in place for more than 15 years. The second was to discover the opinions of dentists and patients on comparing BRs to removable retainers (RRs). Method This was a 15 year retrospective study which reviewed 61 patients who had undergone conventional fixed appliance treatment with the chief researcher (CR) prior to 1993. Study sample size calculations required 44 BR study group and 44 RR control group patients for a valid analysis. Overall, 46 patients had experience with 55 BRs and 43 had experience with 55 RRs; 28 patients had worn both a BR and a RR at the same time and were thereby included as paired observations in both groups. All 61 participants completed a specifically designed questionnaire relative to their orthodontic treatment experience. They also underwent a clinical examination, had a series of intra-oral and extra-oral digital images and an OPG radiograph taken. Seventy one dentists who had referred patients to the CR over the previous 25 years were sent a confidential questionnaire; to be completed anonymously for their opinions on RRs and BRs. Statistical analyses were carried out using SPSS V16 (2008) and statistical significance was set at the 0.05 level. A Newcastle University statistician worked with the CR in analysing the results and compared them with those of four independent specialist examiners using BlandAltman plots and Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient (SCC) analyses. Results The CR’s measures were found to be reliable and valid. After 15 years, the BRs were 100% effective at maintaining acceptable alignment while 53% of the control group had unacceptable alignment. The BRs had a unit composite bond/wire fracture rate of 0.58% per annum. The BRs did not produce any clinically significant negative dental health impacts. The majority of patients and dentists rated BRs as superior to RRs. Conclusions After 15 years, BRs were found to be adequately durable, effective at stabilising the anterior dentition and they did not produce adverse dental health effects. The majority of patients felt BRs improved their quality of life. Chapter
DIRECT AEROACOUSTIC SIMULATION RELATED WITH MODE CHANGE IN A RECORDER

In musical instruments, the mode change of radiating sound is related with their quality. To clarify the flow and acoustic fields related with this mode change, we performed direct aeroacoustic simulations of flow and acoustic fields around two actual recorders with different shapes of windway. The computations are based on the compressible Navier-Stokes equations to predict the fluid-acoustic interactions. It is shown that the relationship between the mean velocity at the windway exit and the mode of the radiating sound for the two models is in good agreement with the measured results. The velocity of the mode change depends on the shape and configurations of the windway and edge. Based on the predicted flow fields, the asymmetry of the jet oscillations between in the upward and downward directions is observed in the recorder model for the earlier mode change. H. Yokoyama, R. Hamasuna. , A. Miki, H. Onitsuka and A. Iida
Four Different Multimodal Setups for Non-Aerial Vehicle Simulations - A Case Study with a Speedboat Simulator

Vehicle simulators are multimodal interactive applications used in many human activities with different purposes. However, they are sometimes expensive systems that need to be carefully studied before they are designed and built, since some simulators can actually be much more expensive than the simulated vehicle. This is an important issue, although it is sometimes overlooked in scientific research. This paper proposes four different setups (with a variety of visual, sound, motion generation, and user-input interfaces) for non-aerial vehicle simulation, using a speedboat simulator as a case study. These setups are analysed in terms of their cost and their effectiveness is discussed. Rough figures are provided to give a comparative insight into the economic order of magnitude necessary to design and build a vehicle simulator.
Stabilité et dynamique des écoulements en géométrie de sténose

Steady and pulsatile flows in two blockage geometries are investigated. The geometries serve as idealised models of arterial stenosis, a common condition whereby a localised constriction grows within an artery, reducing the blood flow and pressure downstream. The aim of the project is to isolate and describe the fundamental characteristics of stenotic flows. An emphasis is placed on the effect on the flow and its stability of changes in blockage ratio. The first part of the thesis presents a numerical investigation of the steady inlet flow through a two-dimensional channel with a semi-circular blockage on one side of the channel. Variations in the wake behaviour and stability with Reynolds number and blockage ratio are reported. The leading instability mode of the flow is described and its underlying mechanism determined to be elliptical. A geometry consisting of a straight tube with an axisymmetric blockage is then investigated. Flows of steady and pulsatile inlet velocity are modeled numerically and experimentally. The changes in wake behaviour with the various flow parameters are described. Different linear modes of absolute instability are identified for different blockage ratios. The action of convective shear layer instability is also found to be important. For steady flow, comparisons are made between the periodic behaviour of the convective instability and the response of stable flows to periodic forcing. For pulsatile flow, some evidence is found of the action of linear instability modes experimentally, although convective shear layer instability dominates. The variation of both forms of instability with Reynolds number and blockage ratio is characterised.
The impact of preimplantation genetic testing for aneuploidies (PGT-A) on clinical outcomes in couples with advanced maternal age, recurrent miscarriages, and recurrent implantation failure after fresh blastocyst stage embryo transfer

Purpose To investigate whether preimplantation genetic testing for aneuploidy (PGT-A) improves the clinical outcome in patients with advanced maternal age (AMA), recurrent miscarriages (RM), and recurrent implantation failure (RIF). Methods Retrospective cohort study from a single IVF center and a single genetics laboratory. One hundred seventy-six patients undergoing PGT-A were assigned to three groups: an AMA group, an RM group, and a RIF group. Two hundred seventy-nine patients that did not undergo PGT-A were used as controls and subgrouped similarly to the PGT-A cohort. For the PGT-A groups, trophectoderm biopsy was performed and array comparative genomic hybridization was used for PGT-A. Clinical outcomes were compared with the control groups. Results In the RM group, we observed a significant decrease of early pregnancy loss rates in the PGT-A group (18.1% vs 75%) and a significant increase in live birth rate per transfer (50% vs 12.5%) and live birth rate per patient (36% vs 12.5%). In the RIF group, a statistically significant increase in the implantation rate per transfer (69.5% vs 33.3%) as well as the live birth rate per embryo transfer (47.8% vs 19%) was observed. In the AMA group, a statistically significant reduction in biochemical pregnancy loss was observed (3.7% vs 31.5%); however, live birth rates per embryo transfer and per patient were not significantly higher than the control group. Conclusion Our results agree with recently published studies, which suggest caution in the universal application of PGT-A in women with infertility. Instead, a more personalized approach by choosing the right candidates for PGT-A intervention should be followed.
The Boltzmann Policy Distribution: Accounting for Systematic Suboptimality in Human Models

Models of human behavior for prediction and collaboration tend to fall into two categories: ones that learn from large amounts of data via imitation learning, and ones that assume human behavior to be noisily-optimal for some reward function. The former are very useful, but only when it is possible to gather a lot of human data in the target environment and distribution. The advantage of the latter type, which includes Boltzmann rationality, is the ability to make accurate predictions in new environments without extensive data when humans are actually close to optimal. However, these models fail when humans exhibit systematic suboptimality, i.e. when their deviations from optimal behavior are not independent, but instead consistent over time. Our key insight is that systematic suboptimality can be modeled by predicting policies, which couple action choices over time, instead of trajectories. We introduce the Boltzmann policy distribution (BPD), which serves as a prior over human policies and adapts via Bayesian inference to capture systematic deviations by observing human actions during a single episode. The BPD is difficult to compute and represent because policies lie in a high-dimensional continuous space, but we leverage tools from generative and sequence models to enable efficient sampling and inference. We show that the BPD enables prediction of human behavior and human-AI collaboration equally as well as imitation learning-based human models while using far less data.
Autonomous landing of a fixed-Wing unmanned aircraft with partialwing and stabiliser losses

This thesis presents the design, implementation and verification of an autonomous landing system for a fixed-wing unmanned aerial vehicle that is able to land the aircraft after suffering partial wing loss and partial losses of the horizontal and vertical stabilisers. A fault-tolerant flight control system is designed, which ensures that the inner-loop controllers remain stable and within acceptable transient response specifications when the aircraft suffers partial wing, horizontal stabiliser, and vertical stabiliser losses. The design approach is to find controller gains that provide the best performance for the undamaged aircraft, while still providing at least the minimum acceptable performance over all damage cases. An algorithm calculates the controller gains, if such gains exist, with different combinations of natural frequencies and damping ratios for all damage cases until both the desired closed-loop performance and robustness are obtained. Autonomous landing is accomplished using a state machine that guides the aircraft through the landing phases. The flight control laws, waypoint navigation, and autonomous landing system were verified in simulation and with practical flight tests. Landing accuracies within a 1.5 m radius circle are accomplished in simulation for an aircraft with 20% wing loss, 70% horizontal stabiliser loss, and 20% vertical stabiliser loss. ii Stellenbosch University https://scholar.sun.ac.za
Testing the Momentum-driven Supernova Feedback Paradigm in M31

Momentum feedback from isolated supernova remnants (SNRs) have been increasingly recognized by modern cosmological simulations as a resolution-independent means to implement the effects of feedback in galaxies, such as turbulence and winds. However, the integrated momentum yield from SNRs is uncertain due to the effects of SN clustering and interstellar medium (ISM) inhomogeneities. In this paper, we use spatially resolved observations of the prominent 10 kpc star-forming ring of M31 to test models of mass-weighted ISM turbulence driven by momentum feedback from isolated, nonoverlapping SNRs. We use a detailed stellar age distribution (SAD) map from the Panchromatic Hubble Andromeda Treasury survey, observationally constrained SN delay-time distributions, and maps of the atomic and molecular hydrogen to estimate the mass-weighted velocity dispersion using the Martizzi et al. ISM turbulence model. Our estimates are within a factor of two of the observed mass-weighted velocity dispersion in most of the ring, but exceed observations at densities ≲0.2 cm−3 and SN rates >2.1 × 10−4 SN yr−1 kpc−2, even after accounting for plausible variations in SAD models and ISM scale height assumptions. We conclude that at high SN rates the momentum deposited is most likely suppressed by the nonlinear effects of SN clustering, while at low densities, SNRs reach pressure equilibrium before the cooling phase. These corrections should be introduced in models of momentum-driven feedback and ISM turbulence.
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES THE GLOBAL NETWORKS OF MULTINATIONAL FIRMS

In this paper we characterize the topology of global multinational networks and examine the macro and micro patterns of multinational activity. We construct indices of network density at both pairwise industry and establishment level and measure agglomeration in a global and continuous metric space. These indices exhibit distinct advantages compared to traditional measures of agglomeration including the independence on the level of geographic aggregation. Estimating the indices using a new worldwide establishment dataset, we investigate both the significance and causes of multinational firm co-agglomeration. In contrast to the conventional emphasis of the literature on the role of input-output linkages, we assess the effect of various agglomeration economies. We find that, relative to counterfactuals, multinationals with greater factor-market externalities, knowledge spillovers, and vertical linkages exhibit significant co-agglomeration. The importance of these factors differs across headquarters, subsidiary, and employment networks, but knowledge spillovers and capital-market externalities, two traditionally under-emphasized forces, exert consistently strong effects. Within each macro network, there is a large heterogeneity across subsidiaries. Subsidiaries with greater size and higher productivity attract significantly more agglomeration than their counterfactuals and become the hubs of the network. Laura Alfaro Harvard Business School Morgan Hall 263 Soldiers Field Boston, MA 02163 and NBER lalfaro@hbs.edu Maggie Chen Dept. of Economics George Washington University 2115 G ST, NW, #367 Washington, DC 20052 xchen@gwu.edu
Do you see what I see? A meta-analysis of the Dot Perspective Task

Recent research has found evidence for implicit theory of mind, suggesting that humans quickly and involuntarily compute the mental states of others. One highly influential task within this literature, known as the Dot Perspective Task (DPT), purports to demonstrate implicit visual-perspective taking within adult subjects. However, some studies, consisting of variations of the DPT, have challenged these findings suggesting that the DPT does not demonstrate genuine perspective taking. Instead, they argue that these results are reflective of simple attentional cueing. Additionally, some researchers have argued that the DPT is sensitive to unintended attentional and intentional factors. We report the preliminary findings of an on-ongoing meta-analysis which analyzes participant-level data from 23 experiments and 1381 individual subjects. We find evidence for both directional cueing and implicit perspective taking within the DPT, although the effects of directional cueing are significantly larger. Additionally, we find that the effects of perspective taking are sensitive to attentional and intentional factors. These results cast doubt upon much of the evidence which has been taken to demonstrate implicit theory of mind. At the same time, they suggest that future work may utilize a carefully controlled version of the DPT in order to measure genuine implicit theory of mind more accurately.
Characterizing Musculoskeletal Injury among Aeromedical Evacuation Personnel: An Observational Study

Abstract : This study aimed to identify factors that increase the risk of musculoskeletal injuries (MSIs) to aeromedical evacuation (AE) personnel. The costs associated with MSIs (medical expenses and lost duty time) burden military populations. Occupational hazards, including heavy lifting and awkward posture, contribute to MSI development. Physically demanding AE tasks likely place AE crewmembers (AECMs) at an increased risk for MSIs. This study included three phases: a sampling study, laboratory observations, and field observations. In Phase I, 43 active duty AECMs volunteered to complete a questionnaire identifying AE tasks they associate with MSIs. In Phase II, researchers applied a Quick Exposure Check technique to characterize the ergonomic risk of 15AECMs while completing the five highest risk tasks identified in Phase I. Phase III included field observations on flight lines at Ramstein Air Base and Joint Base Andrews. The sampling study found that aircraft configuration and patient loading are the two tasks most often associated with MSIs. Aircraft configuration was associated with neck, wrist, and leg injuries, while patient loading was associated more often with shoulder and back pain. Survey respondents also noted the airstairs of the KC-135 and litter support straps on the C-130 as ergonomic challenges. The tasks identified in Phase I and further evaluated in Phase II were aircraft configuration, loading loose equipment, loading litter equipment, loading litter patients, and unloading litter patients.
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AICO, Artiﬁcial Intelligent COach

Choosing effective strategies before playing against an opponent team is a laborious task and one of the main challenges that American football coaches have to cope with. For this reason, we have developed an artiﬁcial intelligent American football coach (AICO), a novel system which helps coaches to decide the best defensive strategies to be used against an opponent. Similar to coaches who prepare a winning game plan based on their vast experience and previously obtained opponents’ statistics, AICO uses power of machine learning and video analysis. Tracking every player of the last recorded matches of the opponent team, AICO learns the strategies used by them and then calculates how successfully their own defensive strategies will perform against them. We have used 7350 videos in our experiments obtaining that AICO can recognize the opponent’s strategies with about 93% accuracy and provides the successful rate of each strategy to be used against them with 94% accuracy.
Firm Age, Productivity, and Intangible Capital

We examine the role of intangible capital in firms’ growth in sale through physical productivity (TFPQ), markup, and factor price distortion. Using a large dataset from Japan, we have constructed firm-level panel data of intangible capital consisting of software, organizational capital, and R&D stocks. We find that TFPQ plays a significant role in the firm growth. In addition, the accumulation of intangible capital accounts for a major part of sales growth. Among three types of intangible capital, organization capital is crucial for firm growth.
DETERMINANTS OF EMPLOYEE RETENTION MILLENNIALS WORKFORCE

The abundance of knowledge possessed by the company can be utilized optimally to improve company performance to create the best products, services, business processes, and customer services. Less than optimal utilization of knowledge can hamper the company’s performance and not solve various problems. The problems faced by many companies in the past and now, between branch/representative offices and between divisions/other work units, are often the same. Personnel turnover is another reason why the company cannot utilize one’s knowledge. The purpose of this study is focused on determining the impact of Knowledge Management and Talent Management on Employee Retention in the case of the Millennials Workforce. Previous research found that Human Resources Development Manager dealing with the Generation of Millenials where are the generation that can adapt to the environment and is dominated by the use of Information Technology in carrying out the work. The population in this research is Employees of PT Jasarahraja Son. The questionnaire was used to collect data on as many as 60 respondents through simple random sampling. The data used in this research is a quantitative analysis using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) Partial Least Square method (PLS) with the program Warp PLS 5.0. The Test results showed that the coefficient of determination which looks at the value Adjusted R-Square is 0.69, which means that employee retention can be explained by the variable of Knowledge Management and Talent Management by 69%. The remaining 31% is explained by other variables that are not observed in the study.