Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Optimalisasi Pengikatan Tanin Daun Nangka dengan Protein Bovine Serum Albumin (Optimalisation Binding of Jackfruit Leaves Tannin with Bovine Serum Albumin Protein)

Tannins are high molecular weight polyphenol compounds with ability to bind proteins. Based on the structure, albumin are simple globular molecule protein. Optimalisation binding of jackfruit leave tannins to bovine serum (BSA) albumin was done in two stages. The first stage was to determine levels of tannins and condensed tannins in jackfruit leaves grown in mediterranean soil types. Second research was optimalisation binding of jackfruit leaf tannins with bovine serum albumin. In the second stage there was the determination of protein-percipitable phenolics compound and protein content using Lowry method. The data showed total phenol content was 10.63%, total tannin was 7.08%, and condensed tannins 5.57%. The optimum capacity phenolic compound to bind protein of bovine serum albumin was 5.71+0.18 mg BSA/100 mg dry matter of jackfruit leaf, while 1 g tannin could bind 23.149 g BSA or 1 g condensed tannin could bind 28.885 g BSA. (Key words: Tannin, Total phenol, Total tannin, Condensed tannin, Bovine serum albumin)
Genetic resistance to two Marek's disease viruses and its relationship to production traits in chickens

Genetic variability of resistance to Marek's Disease (MD), and relationships between MD incidence and egg production traits were studied in 23 genetic groups of experimental and commercial meat and egg chickens. In the challenge tests, chickens were injected with either moderately virulent BC-1 MD virus (BC-1) or highly virulent RB-1B MD virus (RB-1B). In the 497-d egg-production test, sisters of challenged birds were vaccinated for MD on the day of hatch and there were no outbreaks of MD. Heritabilities for MD incidence, MD mortality, and total mortality in the challenge tests, based on data from three unselected control strains of Leghorns were generally low (0.06, 0.13 and 0.20) with BC-1. With RB-1B, the heritability estimates were significantly (P <.05) higher (0.62, 1.00 and 0.96). Intraclass correlations, based on variation between and within the genetic groups were also higher with RB-1B. In the test with BC-1 there were deaths from an early mortality syndrome (EMS) prior to development of MD. Los.
Evaluation of anti-oxidant activity ( in vitro ) of Heckeria subpeltata (willd.) Kunth. leaves

Heckeria subpeltata (Willd.) Kunth. the fresh bark, leaves and root of the plant are extensively used by the kurichia, adiya, kuruma and kattunaika tribes of Wayanad for curing piles, dysentery, diarrhea, arthritis, jaundice, kidney problems, leucorrhoea, menstrual problems, ear pain, blood clot etc. The objective of the present study is to examine the antioxidant activity of methanolic and water extracts of leaves of H. subpeltata (Willd.) Kunth. The DPPH radical scavenging activity, Phosphomelybdenum assay, Fe (III) to Fe (II) reducing activity and the estimation of total phenol content of plant material are the methods used for the present study to determine the antioxidant activity. The DPPH radical scavenging activity 107.05 obtained at 517 nm for the methanolic leaf extract of H. subpeltata (Willd.) Kunth is significant when compared to the commonly used butylated hydroxytoluene (BHA) (175 at 517 nm). The maximum value for phenol estimation, reducing power and antioxidant capacity of phosphomolybdenum was shown by the methanolic leaf extract of H. subpeltata (Willd.) Kunth, which forms a potential source of natural antioxidant. Key words: Antioxidants, reducing power, radical scavenging, piperaceae, traditional.
Polyhydroxyalkanoate analysis in Azospirillum brasilense

The considerable industrial interest in the qualitative and quantitative production of polyhydroxyalkanoates in microorganisms has led to the characterization of those synthesized in the nitrogen-fixing bacteria Azospirillum brasilense and Azotobacter paspali. In contrast to some other bacterial species, Azospirillum brasilense does not produce copolymers of hydroxyalkanoates when grown under the different carbon sources assayed, namely n-alkanoic acids, hydroxyalkanoates, and sugars with varying C:N ratios. Rather, only homopolymers of polyhydroxybutyrate were detected, comprising up to 70% of the cell dry mass. No copolymers were detected in Azotobacter paspali. Quantitative analyses of poly(β-hydroxybutyrate) are also presented.Key words: Azospirillum spp. , Azotobacter paspali, polyhydroxyalkanoate analysis, PHA, PHB.
Commentary

There is a phase in most economic cycles when all the news appears to be encouraging and commentators begin to talk of ’economic miracle’. Notoriously this was the case in the mid-1980s when a run of years of sustained growth was widely attributed to policy-induced ’supplyside improvements’. Our own analysis at the time, although imperfect and incomplete, was at least right in questioning the durability of the growth rates observed. The recession which followed, in the ~~~r~t~ seemed to show that the macroeconomic behaviour of the UK economy remained problematic despite the well-documented microeconomic improvements in many sectors, It can be confidently predicted that the ’miracle or mirage’ debate will be resumed in the expansionary phase of the mid-1990s. At this stage we can do no more than point to alternative interpretations of recent events. The failure of inflation to accelerate in response to devaluation has parallels in several other European countries. It calls into question the extent to which wages and prices are set in anticipation of future inflation, rather than in response to inflation which has already occurred, It also suggests that the pressure of demand, in both labour and goods mark~ts9 may have a more marked effect on wage and price setting than we had realised. If this is right then the implication may be that wages and prices would acceler-
Effect of different stocking density on growth, survival and production of endangered native fish climbing perch (Anabas testudineus, Bloch) fingerlings in nursery ponds.

An experiment was carried out for 8 weeks in nine earthen nursery ponds having an area of 0.004 ha with an average depth of 0.8 m each. Three different stocking densities were tested with three replicates. Four-dayold hatchling of the native climbing perch (Anabas testudineus) stocked at 1.0 million/ha was designated as treatment-1 (T1), 1.2 million/ha as treatment-2 (T2) and 1.4 million/ha as treatment-3 (T3), respectively. At stocking, all hatchlings were of the same age group and batch-rearing with a mean length and weight of 0.44 ± 0.05 cm and 0.14 ± 0.05 mg, respectively. Hatchlings in all the nursery ponds were fed SABINCO commercial nursery feed (32.06% crude protein) for 8 weeks. The rate of feeding was 14% of the estimated body weight of hatchling for the first two weeks, 12% for the second two weeks, 10% for the third two weeks and 8% for the fourth two weeks. The water quality parameters and plankton abundance of pond water were monitored weekly and were within the acceptable range for fish culture. Growth performances (final weight, final length, weight gain, length gain and specific growth rate) and survival of fingerlings in T1 (1.0 million hatchling/ha) were significantly higher than those in T2 (1.2 million/ha) and T3 (1.4 million/ha), respectively. Feed conversion ratio (FCR) was significantly lowest in T1 followed by T2 and highest in T3. Significantly higher number of fingerlings was produced in T3 followed by T2 and T1 respectively. Despite lower production of fingerlings, consistently higher net benefits were obtained from T1 than those from T2 and T3 . In the present experiment based on the highest growth, survival, production and net benefits of the fingerlings of A. testudineus with three treatments in nursery ponds, 1.0 million hatchling/ha (T1) appears to be the best stocking density.
VARIATION IN THE FORAGING LOCATION OF ANTARCTIC FUR SEALS (ARCTOCEPHALUS GAZELLA) AND THE EFFECTS ON DIVING BEHAVIOR

This study investigated how female Antarctic fur seals adapt their foraging behavior, over time scales of days, to spatial unpredictability in the distribution of their food. Lactating Antarctic fur seals are central-place foragers that feed on highly patchy but spatially and temporally dynamic food. We measured the foraging distribution of 28 fur seals to test whether variation in foraging trip durations was reflected in variation in the location of foraging and the diving behavior of seals at sea. Based on the maximum distance travelled from the breeding beach, three categories of foraging trips were denned: those to the continental shelf area (n= 12, median = 71 km), to oceanic water (n= 11, median =164 km), and to farther offshore oceanic waters (n= 5, median = 260 km). Trip duration and mean surface speed were positively correlated with the maximum distance travelled from the breeding beach. Seals on longer trips spent proportionally less of their time submerged, but there was no significant difference in the total number of dives or the total time spent foraging by seals in relation to trip duration. Evidence from this study and previous work investigating energy gain suggests that an animal on a longer foraging trip could potentially have a higher mean energy return per dive than a similar animal on a shorter foraging trip. Evidence presented suggests that the type of foraging trip (near or far) is not predetermined by the animal but may be a simple response to the stochastic distribution of the resources available.
Número mínimo de repetições em experimentos de competição de híbridos de milho

One of the problems faced when an experiment is planned is to determine the number of replications for each treatment. The number of replications is directly related to the results accuracy. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the number of replications on maize hybrid competition experiments. The test was carried out in complete blocks with 12 replications. Grain yield was the variable analyzed. Based on those 12 replications, 4,083 new experiments were simulated. Each one of them was submitted to an analysis of variability and the average was compared by the use of the Tukey test. The proportion of experiments with significant differences and a minimum significant level under 5% increased directly with the enhancement in the number of replications, indicating at least 11 replications for this value not to be under 95% for grain yield. There was a convergence among the values of minimum meaningful difference (DMS) stabilizing around 10%. The stabilization of the DMS average for a larger number of replications indicates that it is not viable to get highly accurate tests considering only the increase in the number of replications.
Effects of NaCl stress on accumulation of K+, Na+, Cl-, NO3 -,sugar and proline contents in the seedlings of Triticale-I

NaCl stress at 50 - 150 mM NaCl caused a 12 - 16-fold increase in Na + accumulation in the root and 3 - 10-fold in the shoot of Triticale-I with a concomitant decrease in that of K + and Cl - . NaCl stress increased the accumulation of reducing, total sugars and proline both in the root and shoot of the seedlings. The mechanism of salt tolerance of Triticale-I plants with respect to ionic relation and accumulation of sugars and proline were discussed. DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.3329/bjb.v42i2. 18019 Bangladesh J. Bot. 42 (2): 189-194, 2013 (December)
Survey of herbal remedies used by Fulani herdsmen in the management of animal diarrhoea in Plateau State, Nigeria

The Fulani herdsmen of Nigeria are known to use herbs for the treatment and control of different human and livestock diseases. This study was designed to identify and document the medicinal plants used by the Fulani herdsmen in Plateau State, Nigeria, in the management of animal diarrhoea, and to harness such plants for the purpose of drug development. Open-ended questionnaires and guided dialogue techniques were used to interview the Fulani pastoralists in nine Local Government Areas (LGAs) spread across the three senatorial districts of Plateau State. Seventy-nine plants were mentioned as being used for treatment and control of diarrhoea in animals. Fabaceae was the most common family mentioned followed by Combretaceae, Moraceae and Verbanaceae. The leaves were mentioned as the most common plant part used. Most anti-diarrhoeal preparations are administered by drenching while a few others are mixed with feed, salt or potash to improve palatability. The Fulani herdsmen have appreciable understanding of medicinal plants and could constitute a relevant source of information about herbal remedies. Plateau State has a large reserve of medicinal plants used for the management of diarrhoea in livestock; such plants are potential sources of novel anti-diarrhoeal medicaments. Key word: Animal diarrhoea, Fulani, herbs, Plateau State, Nigeria, survey.
A case of symmetrical conjoined twins in a bottlenose dolphin Tursiops truncatus (Mammalia, Cetacea)

Case reports of conjoined twins (‘Siamese twins’) in wild mammals are very scarce. Most published reports of conjoined twinning concern cases in man or in domestic mammals. In this article a case of conjoined twinning in a wild mammal is described: a parapagus dicephalus with unilateral schistoprosopus in a bottlenose dolphin Tursiops truncatus stranded on the coast of the Netherlands in 1917. This case concerns the oldest known case of a symmetrical conjoined twin in a cetacean species.
Observer-based survey of by-catch from prawn trawling in Botany Bay and Port Jackson, New South Wales

Catches and by-catches were surveyed in the commercial prawn trawl fleets of Botany Bay and Port Jackson, two estuaries in the Sydney metropolitan area (NSW, Australia). Catches were surveyed in all tows during replicate fishing trips in each month during the 1990-91 and 1991-92 prawn trawl seasons in each estuary. Significant species-specific variabilities in abundances were detected between estuaries, between years, and between early and late in the fishing season. The mean annual ratio of by-catch to catch of prawns (by weight) was 2.5 : 1 for Botany Bay and 1.8 : 1 for Port Jackson. A mean annual by-catch (± 1 s.e.) of 142 ± 14 t was taken from the Botany Bay fishery and 38 ± 3 t from Port Jackson. These by-catches included large numbers of small recreationally and commercially important finfish: a mean annual by-catch of 1.52 ±0.20 million fish from Botany Bay and 219± 23 thousand fish from Port Jackson. Despite uncertainties about the impacts of such by-catches on interacting commercial and recreational fisheries, it is recommended that strategies for the reduction of such by-catches be considered.
Temperature affects the dormancy and germination of sympatric annual (Oryza meridionalis) and perennial (O. rufipogon) native Australian rices (Poaceae) and influences their emergence in introduced para grass (Urochloa mutica) swards

The seed biology of two ecologically and genetically important sympatric wild rice species from northern Australia was compared – perennial Oryza rufipogon Griff. and annual Oryza meridionalis N.Q. Ng. The aim was to determine mechanisms of dormancy exhibited at seed shed and to identify factors that trigger or inhibit germination. This information was used to investigate the ecology of in situ Oryza populations in introduced para grass swards (Urochloa mutica (Forssk.) T.Q. Nguyen) and to understand interactions between the two sympatric Oryza species. Primary dormancy in the two species is similar, namely, non-deep physiological dormancy, determined by external maternal structures and broken by warm temperature treatments equivalent to dry season soil temperatures. Light quality, smoke water, gibberellic acid and nitric acid treatments had minor influences on germination. Changes to the soil profile and aboveground biomass structure due to swards of U. mutica significantly affected emergence of O. meridionalis. Thus the influence of soil temperature explains the results of previous field studies in which biomass or litter on the soil surface prevented germination. This has implications for biodiversity management on monsoonal floodplains of northern Australia, where introduced pasture species produce greater biomass than native grasslands, reduce soil temperatures and are displacing native rices. There were differences between the Oryza species – dormancy was more quickly broken in annual O. meridionalis, reflecting the reduced need for investment in seed bank persistence for annual species in annually inundated and climatically reliable wetlands.
ADDITION OF PHYTASE TO BROILER DIETS CONTAINED DIFFERENT LYSINE LEVELS By

This study was carried out to evaluate the effect of phytase supplementation on performance, carcass characteristics, bone measurements and excretion of Ca, P and N of broiler chicks fed diets containing different levels of lysine. The basal starter/grower diet (1-30 day) was formulated to contain 1.00 % lysine, while, the basal finisher diet (31-45 day) contained 0.85 % lysine. Graded levels of Lysine mono hydrochloride (Lysine-HCl) were added to these basal diets to bring dietary lysine levels being 1.00, 1.17, 1.25 and 1.33% for the starter/grower diets and 0.85, 0.99, 1.06 and 1.13% for the finisher diets, correspondingly. These diets were fed without or with 500 U phytase /Kg diet. Though, eight experimental diets were tested in factorial design (4x2). Each diet was fed to 6 replicates of 10 chicks each from 1 to 45 day of age. Performance, carcass characteristics, bone measurements and excretion of Ca, P and N were measured. The results showed that supplementation of phytase or lysine to the basal diet significantly improved BWG, FI and FCR. However, increasing dietary lysine level or adding 500 U phytase /Kg to the basal diet increased BWG during the different intervals and the entire period. Also, feed conversion ratio was improved by the addition either phytase or increasing dietary lysine level. Also, phytase supplementation significantly improved BWG and FCR by 5.74% and 4.06%, respectively. Lysine supplementation significantly increased carcass weight (P 0.05) effect of lysine levels were detected on bone measurements and percentage excretion of Ca, P and N. Phytase supplementation significantly (P<0.05) improved tibia ash and P content and decreased P excretion, while, it did not significantly affect Ca and N excretion. These results indicated that feeding broiler chicks on diets contained inadequate level of lysine impaired growth performance. Addition of lysine or/and phytase to broiler diet gave more body weight gain and improved FCR, dressing and bone measurements; also, decreased abdominal fat and P excretion.
Comparative physiological ecology of Bostrychia moritziana (Ceramiales, Rhodophyta) from freshwater and marine habitats

Abstract The comparative physiological ecology of two freshwater and one marine isolate of Bostrychia moritziana (Sonder ex Kutzing) J. Agardh from Venezuela and one marine isolate from Australia was investigated. Growth pattern and the concentrations of the isomeric hexitols d-dulcitol and d-sorbitol were examined in relation to a range of salinities and photon fluence rates. Photosynthesis-irradiance patternswere also investigated. The freshwater isolates from Venezuela and the marine isolate from Australia showed the best growth at 4–5%,while the marine isolate from Venezuela exhibited a broad maximum between 5.3 and 31.8%. All isolates are low-light adapted: one freshwater and one marine isolate from Venezuela displayed strong growth (7–8% d−1) at 12 μmol photons m−2 s−1 with increasing growth rates (12.5% d−1) at 60 μmol m–2 s−1, whereas the Australian isolate exhibited almost the same rate of about 5% d−1 between 1.5 and 60 μmol photons m−2 s−1 and the other freshwater isolate showed a steady growth.
Interrelationship studies between heat stress traits, blood andserum biochemical indices of extensively managed Nigerian Sheep

The exposure of sheep to elevated ambient temperatures induces an increase in the dissipation of excess body heat, in order to overcome this excessive environmental heat load. Dissipation of excess body heat is emitted by evaporation of water from the respiratory tract and skin surface via panting and sweating.The following heat stress traits were measured; body temperature, rectal temperature, pulse rate and respiratory rate after the sunrise and before the sunset. While blood and serum biochemical indices measured were blood glucose, total serum protein, globulin, cholesterol and triglycerides. No significant relationship(P>0.05) was recorded between heat stress traits and blood biochemical indices studied. However, we observed a positively significant (P<0.01) relationship betweenblood and serum biochemical indices studied. Similarly, a positively significant (P<0.01) relationship was observed between heat stress traits examined.
Identification of plants visited by the honeybee, Apis mellifera L. in the Sudan Savanna zone of northeastern Nigeria

A total of 61 species of savanna plants visited by the honeybee, Apis mellifera L. were identified through direct observation of foraging bees. The time of flowering of the plants was also recorded. The largest number of species (26.2%) was recorded for the family Fabaceae. Combretaceae ranked second with 9.8% of the species, while Arecaceae, Lamiaceae, Poaceae Rhamnaceae and Rubiaceae ranked third each with 4.9% of the species. Each of the remaining families had 2 or 1 species. Many of the species are being reported as bee plants for the first time. An overlap of the periods of flowering of the plants, which made forage available to the bees throughout the year, was observed. Key words: Savanna, bee plants, honeybee plants, bee forage, Apis mellifera, Bauchi, Nigeria.