Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Recent advances in semi-transparent polymer and perovskite solar cells for power generating window applications

Semi-transparent photovoltaic (ST-PV) technologies can be applied to replace facades and roofs in conventional buildings and coatings on vehicles to produce energy from sunlight. Current ST-PV technology is Si-based, but although Si achieves adequate efficiencies, it compromises on aesthetic appeal; its color is intrinsically difficult to tune. However, this presents an opportunity for semi-transparent polymer and perovskite-based PVs, the optical properties of which can be modulated easily by tuning their material compositions. In this review article, we summarize recent progress made in the material selection, optical engineering and device architecture design for high-performance, semi-transparent polymer and perovskite solar cells and discuss challenges for the commercialization of these semi-transparent solar cells for power-generating applications in windows.
Synthesis of NiMoS4 for High-Performance Hybrid Supercapacitors

Transition metal sulfides have been suggested as promising materials for efficient energy storage with superior electrochemical performances. Compound NiMoS4-A was synthesized by a facile chemical co-precipitation process, followed by calcining at 450°C in Ar. The as-prepared NiMoS4-A electrode exhibits a high specific capacity of 313 C g−1 at 1 A g−1 and good rate capability (83% retention at 10 A g−1). Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) results indicate that the good performances could be attributed to the low internal and charge transfer resistances. Additionally, the quantitative charge storage analysis reveals that the faradaic redox process dominates at lower scan rates (78% at 1 mV s−1), while the capacitive effect dominates at higher scan rates (56% at 20 mV s−1). Furthermore, a hybrid supercapacitor (HSC), with NiMoS4-A as the positive electrode and activated carbon (AC) as the negative electrode, displays a high energy density of 35 Wh kg−1 at an average power density of 400 W kg−1. Meanwhile, the HSC exhibits excellent cycle stability, maintaining 82% of the initial capacitance after 10000 charge-discharge cycles even at a high current density of 5 A g−1. These good electrochemical performances indicate that NiMoS4-A is a promising positive electrode material for hybrid supercapacitors.
Global characteristics of X-ray flashes and X-ray rich GRBs observed by HETE-2

We describe and discuss the global properties of 45 gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) observed by HETE-2 during the first three years of its mission, focusing on the properties of X-Ray Flashes (XRFs) and X-ray-rich GRBs (XRRs). We find that the numbers of XRFs, XRRs, and GRBs are comparable. We find that the durations and the sky distributions of XRFs and XRRs are similar to those of GRBs. We also find that the spectral properties of XRFs and XRRs are similar to those of GRBs, except that the values of the peak energy $E^{\rm obs}_{\rm peak}$ of the burst spectrum in $\nu F_\nu$, the peak energy flux $\Fp$, and the energy fluence $S_E$ of XRFs are much smaller -- and those of XRRs are smaller -- than those of GRBs. Finally, we find that the distributions of all three kinds of bursts form a continuum in the [$S_E$(2-30 keV),$S_E$(30-400) keV]-plane, the [$S_E$(2-400 keV), $E_{\rm peak}$]-plane, and the [$F_{\rm peak}$(50-300 keV), $E_{\rm peak}$]-plane. These results provide strong evidence that all three kinds of bursts arise from the same phenomenon.
Understanding Public Intentions to Pay for the Conservation of Urban Trees Using the Extended Theory of Planned Behavior

Urban trees could provide a variety of ecosystem services. However, they require conservation to sustain a healthy and consistent provision of services. This study applies an extended theory of planned behavior (ETPB) to understand residents’ pay intention for conserving urban trees. In order to explore the impact of the public perception of urban trees, two constructs such as perceived usefulness and perceived tree benefits have been added to the TPB model. This study conducted a questionnaire survey on Taipei city residents and received 364 valid responses. The partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) was used for the analysis of the model. The results show that residents’ perceived usefulness and perceived tree benefits of urban trees have a significantly positive impact on public attitude toward protecting urban trees. Individuals’ intention to pay towards conservation of urban trees is, on the other hand, affected by subjective norm, attitude, perceived behavioral control, and perceived usefulness. Thus, with education and promotion of tree usefulness and benefits of ecosystem services, it is helpful to improve residents’ attitudes regarding the protection of urban trees and increase their intention to pay for urban tree conservation.
Neutrosophic Operational Research - vol. 1

Smarandache presented neutrosophic theory as a tool for handling undetermined information. Wang et al. introduced a single valued neutrosophic set that is a special neutrosophic sets and can be used expediently to deal with real-world problems, especially in decision support. In this paper, we propose linear programming problems based on neutrosophic environment. Neutrosophic sets are characterized by three independent parameters, namely truthmembership degree (T), indeterminacy-membership degree (I) and falsity-membership degree (F), which are more capable to handle imprecise parameters. We also transform the neutrosophic linear programming problem into a crisp programming model by using neutrosophic set parameters. To measure the efficiency of our proposed model we solved several numerical examples.
Influence of Fluid Motions on Polymorphic Crystallization of l-Histidine: Taylor Vortex Flow and Turbulent Eddy Flow

The mechanistic influence of fluid motions, such as a Taylor vortex flow and turbulent eddy flow, on the polymorphic crystallization of l-histidine was investigated. Couette–Taylor (CT) and mixing tank (MT) crystallizers were used for the Taylor vortex flow and turbulent eddy flow, respectively. Due to its periodic fluid motion, the Taylor vortex flow was found to be more favorable than the turbulent eddy flow for polymorphic nucleation of the stable phase. Thus, the polymorphic fraction of the stable phase at the induction point (called the “initial stable polymorphic fraction”) in the CT crystallizer was always much higher than that in the MT crystallizer for all variations of the crystallization conditions, including the rotation/agitation speed, ethanol fraction in the mixture solvent, and cooling rate. When increasing the rotation speed of the inner cylinder in the CT crystallizer, the initial stable polymorphic fraction was significantly increased and reached 100% at a rotation speed above 700 rpm.
The Effectiveness of Using Mind Mapping on Tenth Grade Students' Immediate Achievement and Retention of Electric Energy Concepts

The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of the Mind Maps Teaching Method and the Conventional Teaching Method on tenth graders’ immediate achievement and retention of electric energy concepts in Jordan. Participants (N= 111 students; M= 52, F= 59) were randomly selected from Bani Kenanah region, north of Jordan. One group was assigned to the Mind Maps Teaching Method (n=54) and other group was assigned to the Conventional Teaching Method (n= 57). A multiple-choice physics concept test and open-ended questions were developed and used. The results showed that the Mind Maps Teaching Method was more effective than the Conventional Teaching Method in immediate achievement and retention of electric energy concepts. There was a significant difference for students’ gender on immediate achievement but not on retention. The findings recommended that curriculum developers and textbook authors should consider the characteristics of brain parts and their information process in any curriculum design and textbook development. Mind mapping should not be separated from any pedagogical practice in physics instruction.
Optical properties of aerosol mixtures derived from sun-sky radiometry during SAMUM-2

The SAMUM-2 experiment took place in the Cape Verde islands in January–February 2008. The colocated ground-based and airborne instruments allow the study of desert dust optical and microphysical properties in a closure experiment. The Meteorological Institute of the University of Munich deployed one sun-sky photometer and two tropospheric lidar systems. A travelling AERONET-Cimel sun-sky radiometer was also deployed. During the measurement period the aerosol scenario over Cape Verde mostly consisted of a dust layer below 2 km and a smoke-dust layer above 2–4 km a.s. l. The Saharan dust arrived at the site from the NE, whereas the smoke originated in the African equatorial region. This paper describes the main results of the Sun photometer observations, supported by lidar information. An analysis of the variations in the aerosol optical depth (AOD) in the range 340–1550 nm, the Angstr¨ om exponent, volume size distributions and single scattering albedo is presented. The aerosol mixtures are analysed by means of the fine mode fraction of the AOD provided by the sun-sky inversion data and the Spectral Deconvolution Algorithm. The mean AOD (500 nm) was 0.31, with associated low Angstr¨ om exponent of 0.46. Several types of events were detected within the
Structure properties relations for polyamide 6

In this study, the influence of temperature and relative humidity on the plasticity controlled failure of polyamide 6 was investigated. Uniaxial tensile tests were performed at several temperatures, strain rates and relative humidity; creep tests under constant load were performed at different relative humidity and applied load. In order to describe and predict the yield kinetics, the Ree-Eyring equation was employed and modified to include the effect of relative humidity. Subsequently, by the introduction of the concept of critical amount of accumulated plastic strain, the yield kinetics were successfully translated to predictions of time-to-failure. A good agreement between predictions and experimental results is obtained, showing that the model is a suitable and versatile tool to evaluate mechanical performance of a temperature and moisture sensitive material such as polyamide 6.
Parental Communication Patterns and the Impact on Young Children

Communication is the process of sending and receiving messages. Such messages may impact an individual’s overall functioning across the lifespan. Parents are usually the first source of information exchange for children. The Systematic Training for Effective Parenting (STEP), originally published in 1976, is an education program that teaches positive parenting and effective communication strategies. STEP encourages parents to embrace concepts of mutual respect and equality while creating opportunities for parents to meet the demands of raising children. There is limited data assessing parental change in communication patterns among parents of young school-aged children following systematic training. Twelve parents with children in second and third grade were recruited for this study. All participants completed the Self-Efficacy Scale (SES), Kansas Parental Satisfaction Scale (KPSS), and the Open-ended Questionnaire pre and post participation in the program. This study helps fill the gap in the literature regarding changes in parental responses and perception of parenting skills following participation in the STEP program for young school-aged children.
Non-isothermal bubble rise dynamics in a self-rewetting fluid: three-dimensional effects

The dynamics of a gas bubble in a square channel with a linearly increasing temperature at the walls in the vertical direction is investigated via three-dimensional numerical simulations. The channel contains a so-called ‘self-rewetting’ fluid whose surface tension exhibits a parabolic dependence on temperature with a well-defined minimum. The main objectives of the present study are to investigate the effect of Marangoni stresses on bubble rise in a self-rewetting fluid using a consistent model fully accounting for the tangential surface tension forces, and to highlight the effects of three-dimensionality on the bubble rise dynamics. In the case of isothermal and non-isothermal systems filled with a ‘linear’ fluid, the bubble moves in the upward direction in an almost vertical path. In contrast, strikingly different behaviours are observed when the channel is filled with a self-rewetting fluid. In this case, as the bubble crosses the location of minimum surface tension, the buoyancy-induced upward motion of the bubble is retarded by a thermocapillary-driven flow acting in the opposite direction, which in some situations, when thermocapillarity outweighs buoyancy, results in the migration of the bubble in the downward direction. In the later stages of this downward motion, as the bubble reaches the position of arrest, its vertical motion decelerates and the bubble encounters regions of horizontal temperature gradients, which ultimately lead to the bubble migration towards one of the channel walls. These phenomena are observed at sufficiently small Bond numbers (high surface tension). For stronger self-rewetting behaviour, the bubble undergoes spiralling motion. The mechanisms underlying these three-dimensional effects are elucidated by considering how the surface tension dependence on temperature affects the thermocapillary stresses in the flow. The effects of other dimensionless numbers, such as Reynolds and Froude numbers, are also investigated.
Drivers of corporate voluntary disclosure: a systematic review

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to provide a systematic and comprehensive review of the existing literature on the determinants of firms reporting practices. Design/methodology/approach Following a systematic method, the sample literature of 135 studies was collected from the Scopus database. These studies were evaluated in terms of the theoretical lenses applied in the literature, yearly trend, regional distribution, research settings and prior studies finding to provide some recommendations for further research. Findings The investigation revealed that the literature was more interested in the agency theory in investigating the drivers of voluntary reporting such as company size, age, leverage, liquidity, profitability, corporate governance and ownership structure. Although firm-specific determinants were the most examined in the previous studies, however, the result is still inconclusive. Also, limited work was found on the country-related factors, while internal audit impact has yet to be explored. Originality/value Being the first of its kind, this research provides a comprehensive review of the current research landscape on the drivers of environmental or social disclosure and highlights several interesting opportunities for future research.
Impact of bulk impurity contamination on the performance of high‐efficiency n‐type silicon solar cells

The experimental variation of wafer thickness and resistivity at device level combined with a comprehensive device simulation study allows the identification of dominating recombination‐induced power loss mechanisms in high‐efficiency n‐type silicon solar cells (A. Richter et al, Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells 173, p. 96, 2017). Under the assumption of specific Shockley‐Read‐Hall (SRH) recombination parameters, impurity recombination within the silicon bulk was identified as one main source for efficiency losses particularly for solar cells made of high‐resistivity silicon. In this work, we extend that analysis approach focusing on the SRH recombination parameters in order to investigate whether certain properties of these recombination‐active impurities can be identified using this kind of simulation‐based analysis. Reported SRH recombination parameters of various common impurities (eg, Fe, Cr, or Ni) were considered. It was found that a dominating role of certain impurities as Cu, Au, Co, or Zn can be excluded. A general simulation study as a function of the fundamental SRH recombination parameters allowed us to reduce the possible SRH parameters significantly in particular of the capture cross‐section ratio of electrons and holes. These results demonstrate that our analysis approach, which combines an experimental variation of wafer thickness and resistivity with a comprehensive device simulation, can provide deep insights into the solar cells loss mechanisms. In particular, the conclusions regarding SRH recombination are of importance for solar cells made of n‐type silicon as there are no meta‐stable impurity states formed that would allow a direct identification of impurity recombination–related power loss as reported for p‐type Si.
Understanding the Antimicrobial Mechanism for Applications of Polyaniline and Functionalised Polyanilines

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Theory of acidity and reactivity in zeolite catalysis

A comprehensive periodic DFT study complemented by ab initio thermodynamic analysis was carried out to determine the speciation of extraframework aluminum (EFAl) in faujasite zeolite. The structure and stability of a wide range of monobi-, triand tetranuclear EFAl complexes stabilized at different locations in faujasite were investigated. The thermodynamic cycles connecting these complexes were constructed involving such elementary steps as hydration/dehydration, proton transfer, and condensation reactions. Using ab initio thermodynamics analysis, it was predicted that during high-temperature zeolite activation, the EFAl species selforganize into cationic clusters with more than one Al center. The resulting triand tetranuclear clusters are preferentially stabilized inside faujasite’s small sodalite cages which provide a favorable coordination and charge-compensation environment for the large multiply charged cationic clusters. The presence of such cationic EFAl clusters inside the inaccessible sodalite cages strongly enhances the protolytic propane cracking activity of vicinal supercage Brønsted acid sites. This Chapter has been published as Liu, C. ; Li, G. ; Hensen, E. J. M. ; Pidko, E. A. ACS Catal. 2015, 5, 7024-7033.
Values of family businesses in Czech Republic in the context of socioemotional wealth

In the awareness of both academicians and the public, family businesses are associated with such values as honor, trust and trustworthiness, ethics, innovativeness, integrity, continuity, love, wisdom, stability, etc. Family businesses make reference to these unique, emotionally-charged aspects as part of their presentation, corporate social responsibility activities, and marketing campaigns. These values may be referred to as Socioemotional Wealth (SEW). In recent times, this topic has become a dominant paradigm of the family business research. This study is focusing on the analysis of the structure of socioemotional wealth of family businesses in Czech Republic. From the perspective of social psychology, psychosocial factors
Modeling Turbulent Mixing/Combustion of Bio-Agents Behind Detonations: Effect of Instabilities, Dense Clustering, and Trace Survivability

Abstract : Neutralization of Chemical/Biological (CB) agents via entrainment into ames/hot spots, ignition/combustion by blast waves, dispersion of particles/droplets, and venting and plume formation from the damaged structure are all highly transient phenomena with a wide range of characteristic time and length scales. Geometry of the target structure can also introduce unsteady ow complexities, such as re-circulating ow behind obstacles and in corners that can aect mixing and combustion processes. The dynamics of the Agent Defeat (AD) scenario encompasses a wide range of scales: the molecular scale (at which species mix and react), the nano-scale (at which nucleation, surface growth and chemistry, and Brownian aggregation occurs), the micron scale (at which shear-induced aggregation, unsteady shear ows, shock or detonation structure, coagulation, breakup, vaporization, and small-scale mixing occurs), the meso-scale (at which large-scale turbulent mixing and transport occurs), and macro scale (at which geometrical constraints of the problem manifest).
Facile preparation of NH2-functionalized black phosphorene for the electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction

A new facile and green solid exfoliation method using urea-assisted ball milling is reported here to prepare NH2-functionalized few-layer black phosphorus (BP) nanosheets. The thickness of the obtained nanosheets is about 2.15–4.87 nm. The NH2-BP nanosheets exhibit enhanced electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) performance with an overpotential of 290 mV at −10 mA cm−2, a Tafel slope of 63 mV dec−1 and a turnover frequency of 3.21 s−1 at an overpotential of 290 mV, which drastically surpass those of the bulk BP. This electrocatalytic activity of NH2-BP nanosheets in alkaline electrolyte greatly outperforms that in acidic electrolyte, making it a promising metal-free HER catalyst.
MECHANICAL PERFORMANCE OF RECYCLED AGGREGATE SELF-CONSOLIDATING CONCRETE COLUMN

The utilization of recycled concrete aggregate (RCA) can reduce the environmental impact and decreases the cost of concrete. In this study, a comprehensive assessment of self-consolidating concrete (SCC) using RCA as partial or total replacement of coarse aggregate was conducted. Recycled concrete aggregate self-consolidating concrete (RCA-SCC) mixtures with varied water-to-cement (W/C) ratios (0.28–0.46), sand-to-aggregate (S/A) ratios (48–52%), fly ash (FA) contents (20–40%), RCA replacement ratios (0–100%), and water reducer contents (0–1.5%) were designed and tested. 5 groups of the RCA-SCC columns with different W/C and replacement ratios of RCA were also investigated. The slump flow, the J-ring flow and the cubic compressive strength, and the compressive behaviors of the RCA-SCC columns were studied. Results indicated that W/C ratio was the dominant parameter in RCA-SCC mixture, and the failure modes of the RCA-SCC columns were similar to those of the conventional concrete columns. Based on the experimental results, the mechanical performance of RCA-SCC columns was evaluated quantitatively, and a stress–strain relation model for predicting the axial compressive behavior of RCA-SCC column was proposed. This study will provide a reference for the engineering application of the environment-friendly SCC using RCA that are derived from tested or returned concretes with better performance.