Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Equation-of-State Parameter for Reheating

Constraints to the parameters of inflation models are often derived assuming some plausible range for the number--e.g., $N_k=46$ to $N_k=60$--of $e$-folds of inflation that occurred between the time that our current observable Universe exited the horizon and the end of inflation. However, that number is, for any specific inflaton potential, related to an effective equation-of-state parameter $w_{\mathrm{re}}$ and temperature $T_{\mathrm{re}}$, for reheating. Although the physics of reheating is highly uncertain, there is a finite range of reasonable values for $w_{\mathrm{re}}$. Here we show that by restricting $w_{\mathrm{re}}$ to this range, more stringent constraints to inflation-model parameters can be derived than those obtained from the usual procedure. To do so, we focus in this work in particular on natural inflation and inflation with a Higgs-like potential, and on power law models as limiting cases of those. As one example, we show that the lower limit to the tensor-to-scalar ratio $r$, derived from current measurements of the scalar spectral index, is about 20%-25% higher (depending on the model) with this procedure than with the usual approach.
The complexity epistemology and ontology in second language acquisition: A critical review

Abstract Complex Dynamic Systems Theory (CDST), an instantiation in applied linguistics of complexity epistemology that transcends disciplinary boundaries, has gained much traction and momentum over the last decade, finding expressions in a fast-growing number of empirical second language developmental studies. However, the literature, while rapidly expanding, has displayed much confusion, notably oscillating between invoking CDST as a metatheory and as an object theory. Then, too, the metaphorical genesis of CDST—the metaphorical adoption of complexity epistemology from physical sciences—has seemed to invite miscellaneous interpretations, rendering CDST an ostensibly all-in-one conceptual prism. This article explores the epistemology of CDST, tracing its ontology and examining its role in second language developmental research. This enables a more nuanced understanding of CDST, while at once surfacing critical issues and directions for future research, as it moves toward a pluralistic approach to investigating CDST as a potentially unique lens on second language development.
Utilization of Nanotechnology to Improve Bone Health in Osteoporosis Exploiting Nigella sativa and Its Active Constituent Thymoquinone

Osteoporosis, a chronic bone disorder, is one of the leading causes of fracture and morbidity risk. Numerous medicinally important herbs have been evaluated for their efficacy in improving bone mass density in exhaustive preclinical and limited clinical studies. Nigella sativa L. has been used as local folk medicine, and traditional healers have used it to manage various ailments. Its reported beneficial effects include controlling bone and joint diseases. The present manuscript aimed to provide a sound discussion on the pharmacological evidence of N. sativa and its active constituent, thymoquinone, for its utility in the effective management of osteoporosis. N. sativa is reported to possess anti-IL-1 and anti-TNF-α-mediated anti-inflammatory effects, leading to positive effects on bone turnover markers, such as alkaline phosphatase and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase. It is reported to stimulate bone regeneration by prompting osteoblast proliferation, ossification, and decreasing osteoclast cells. Thymoquinone from N. sativa has exhibited an antioxidant effect on bone tissue by reducing the FeNTA-induced oxidative stress. The present manuscript highlights phytochemistry, pharmacological effect, and the important mechanistic perspective of N. sativa and its active constituents for the management of osteoporosis. Further, it also provides sound discussion on the utilization of a nanotechnology-mediated drug delivery approach as a promising strategy to improve the therapeutic performance of N. sativa and its active constituent, thymoquinone, in the effective management of osteoporosis.
Testing large-scale vortex formation against viscous layers in three-dimensional discs

Vortex formation through the Rossby wave instability (RWI) in protoplanetary discs has been invoked to play a role in planet formation theory, and suggested to explain the observation of large dust asymmetries in several transitional discs. However, whether or not vortex formation operates in layered accretion discs, i.e. models of protoplanetary discs including dead zones near the disc midplane --- regions that are magnetically inactive and the effective viscosity greatly reduced --- has not been verified. As a first step toward testing the robustness of vortex formation in layered discs, we present non-linear hydrodynamical simulations of global 3D protoplanetary discs with an imposed kinematic viscosity that increases away from the disc midplane. Two sets of numerical experiments are performed: (i) non-axisymmetric instability of artificial radial density bumps in viscous discs; (ii) vortex-formation at planetary gap edges in layered discs. Experiment (i) shows that the linear instability is largely unaffected by viscosity and remains dynamical. The disc-planet simulations also show the initial development of vortices at gap edges, but in layered discs the vortices are transient structures which disappear well into the non-linear regime. We suggest that the long term survival of columnar vortices, such as those formed via the RWI, requires low effective viscosity throughout the vertical extent of the disc, so such vortices do not persist in layered discs.
Pengaruh Kualitas Pelayanan, Akuntabilitas,Dan Religiusitas Terhadap Loyalitas Muzakki Dengan Kepercayaan Sebagai Variabel Intervening Di Lembaga Amil Zakat Kota Magelang

The purpose of this study was to examine and determine the effect of service quality, accountability and religiosity on muzakki loyalty with trust as an intervening variable at the Amil Zakat Institution in Magelang City. The method used in this research is a quantitative method with primary data, namely by collecting questionnaires (questionnaires). With a convenience sampling technique with a number of 100 respondents became the sample in this study. Furthermore, SPSS 25 application is used for data processing. Simultaneously service quality, accountability and religiosi have a positive and significant effect on muzakki loyalty. The results showed that partially service quality had a significant effect on muzakki loyalty. Accountability has no significant effect on muzakki loyalty. Religiosity has a significant effect on muzakki loyalty. Service quality has no effect on muzakki loyalty with trust as an intervening variable. Accountability has a significant effect on muzakki loyalty with trust as an intervening variable. Religiosity has no significant effect on muzakki loyalty with trust as an intervening variable.
Field dependence of the Spin State and Spectroscopic Modes of Multiferroic BiFeO3

The spectroscopic modes of BiFeO3 provide detailed information about the very small anisotropy and Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya (DM) interactions responsible for the long-wavelength, distorted cycloid that appears below TN = 640 K. A microscopic model that includes two DM interactions and easyaxis anisotropy is able to closely describe both the zero-field spectroscopic modes as well as their splitting and evolution in a magnetic field. While only six modes are optically active in zero field, all of the zone-center modes are activated by a magnetic field. The close agreement with experiment suggests that the proposed model provides the foundation for future technological applications of this multiferroic material.
The Lukacs-Olkin-Rubin theorem on symmetric cones through Gleason's theorem

We prove the Lukacs characterization of the Wishart distribution on non-octonion symmetric cones of rank greater than 2. We weaken the smoothness assumptions in the version of the Lukacs theorem of [Bobecka-Weso{\l}owski, Studia Math. 152 (2002), 147-160]. The main tool is a new solution of the Olkin-Baker functional equation on symmetric cones, under the assumption of continuity of respective functions. It was possible thanks to the use of Gleason's theorem.
GMASS ultradeep spectroscopy of galaxies at z ~ 2 - VI. Star formation, extinction, and gas outflows from UV spectra

Aims. We use rest-frame UV spectroscopy to investigate the properties related to large-scale gas outflow, and both the dust extinction and star-formation rates (SFRs) of a sample of z ∼ 2 star-forming galaxies from the Galaxy Mass Assembly ultradeep Spectroscopic Survey (GMASS). Methods. Dust extinction is estimated from the rest-frame UV continuum slope and used to obtain dust-corrected SFRs for the galaxies in the sample. A composite spectrum is created by averaging all the single spectra of our sample, and the equivalent widths and centroids of the absorption lines associated with the interstellar medium are measured. We then calculate the velocity offsets of these lines relative to the composite systemic velocity, which is obtained from photospheric stellar absorption lines and nebular emission lines. Finally, to investigate correlations between galaxy UV spectral characteristics and galaxy general properties, the sample is divided into two bins that are equally populated, according to the galaxy properties of stellar mass, color excess, and SFR. A composite spectrum for each group of galaxies is then created, and both the velocity offsets and the equivalent widths of the interstellar absorption lines are measured. Results. For the entire sample, we derive a mean value of the continuum slope � β� = −1.11 ± 0.44 (rms). For each galaxy, we calculate the dust extinction from the UV spectrum and then use this to correct the flux measured at 1500 A (rest-frame), before
On a Class of Non-Integrable Multipliers for the Jacobi Transform

We show that a bounded function $m$ on $\R$ not necessarily integrable at infinity may still yield $L^p$-bounded convolution operators for the Jacobi transform if the nontangential boundary values of $\omega m$ along the edges of a certain strip in $\C$ yield Euclidean Fourier multipliers, for $\omega$ suitably defined. This partially generalizes similar results by Giulini, Mauceri, and Meda (on rank one symmetric spaces) and Astengo (on Damek--Ricci spaces).
Inflationary power asymmetry from primordial domain walls

We study the asymmetric primordial fluctuations in a model of inflation in which translational invariance is broken by a domain wall. We calculate the corrections to the power spectrum of curvature perturbations; they are anisotropic and contain dipole, quadrupole, and higher multipoles with non-trivial scale-dependent amplitudes. Inspired by observations of these multipole asymmetries in terms of two-point correlations and variance in real space, we demonstrate that this model can explain the observed anomalous power asymmetry of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) sky, including its characteristic feature that the dipole dominates over higher multipoles. We test the viability of the model and place approximate constraints on its parameters by using observational values of dipole, quadrupole, and octopole amplitudes of the asymmetry measured by a local-variance estimator. We find that a configuration of the model in which the CMB sphere does not intersect the domain wall during inflation provides a good fit to the data. We further derive analytic expressions for the corrections to the CMB temperature covariance matrix, or angular power spectra, which can be used in future statistical analysis of the model in spherical harmonic space.
Tailoring Screening Guidelines for Retinopathy of Prematurity in Egypt: An Exploratory Multicentric Study

Background Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is increasing in incidence in developing nations, including Egypt. Secondary prevention requires timely detection through the development of regional screening guidelines, which should be preceded by large-scale studies to characterize the population at risk. Methods A prospective, multicentric exploratory study that included five large tertiary institutions in an urban Egyptian setting. All infants born with gestational age (GA) < 37 weeks and/or birth weight (BW) ≤ 2000 grams were screened. More mature and heavier infants with unstable clinical course were also included. The primary outcome measure was the rate of ROP and high-risk disease occurrence in relation to underlying risk factors. Results Of the 768 eyes (384 screened infants), 347 eyes (45.2%) had stage 1 or higher disease, and 43 eyes (5.6%) had high-risk disease. Eyes with stage 1 or higher ROP and treatment-requiring ROP had a mean (± SD) GA of 33.4 (± 2.6) weeks and 32.8 (± 3.2) weeks, and BW of 1842.3 (± 570.1) grams and 1747.6 ± (676.2) grams, respectively. Treatment-requiring eyes belonged to infants that had significantly lower GA and significantly higher prevalence of co-morbidities than non-treatment-requiring eyes. Conclusion The incidence of ROP and high-risk disease in an urban Egyptian setting are similar to those in comparable settings elsewhere and locally. This exploratory study supports tailoring local screening criteria for ROP, and may aid the future development of national guidelines.
STUDYING THE WARM-HOT INTERGALACTIC MEDIUM IN EMISSION

We assess the possibility of detecting the warm-hot intergalactic medium in emission and characterizing its physical conditions and spatial distribution through spatially resolved X-ray spectroscopy, in the framework of the recently proposed DIOS, EDGE, Xenia, and ORIGIN missions, all of which are equipped with microcalorimeter-based detectors. For this purpose, we analyze a large set of mock emission spectra, extracted from a cosmological hydrodynamical simulation. These mock X-ray spectra are searched for emission features showing both the O vii Kα triplet and O viii Lyα line, which constitute a typical signature of the warm-hot gas. Our analysis shows that 1 Ms long exposures and energy resolution of 2.5 eV will allow us to detect about 400 such features per deg2 with a significance ⩾5σ and reveals that these emission systems are typically associated with density ∼100 above the mean. The temperature can be estimated from the line ratio with a precision of ∼20%. The combined effect of contamination from other lines, variation in the level of the continuum, and degradation of the energy resolution reduces these estimates. Yet, with an energy resolution of 7 eV and all these effects taken into account, one still expects about 160 detections per deg2. These line systems are sufficient for tracing the spatial distribution of the line-emitting gas, which constitute an additional information, independent from line statistics, to constrain the poorly known cosmic chemical enrichment history and the stellar feedback processes.
Tilt Corrections for Normal Mode Observations on Ocean Bottom Seismic Data, an example from the PI-LAB experiment

Earth's normal modes are fundamental observations used in global seismic tomography to understand Earth structure. Land seismic station coverage is sufficient to constrain the broadest scale Earth structures. However, 70% of Earth's surface is covered by the oceans, hampering our ability to observe variations in local mode frequencies that contribute to imaging small-scale structures. Broadband ocean bottom seismometers can record spheroidal modes to fill in gaps in global data coverage. Ocean bottom recordings are contaminated by signals from complex interactions between ocean and solid Earth dynamics at normal mode frequencies. We present a method for correcting tilt on broadband ocean bottom seismometers by rotation. The correction improves the ability of some instruments to observe spheroidal modes down to 0S4. We demonstrate this method using 15 broadband ocean bottom seismometers from the PI-LAB array. We measure normal mode peak frequency shifts and compare with 1-D reference mode frequencies and predictions from 3-D global models. Our measurements agree with the 3-D models for modes between 0S14 - 0S37 with small but significant differences. These differences likely reflect real Earth structure. This suggests incorporating ocean bottom normal mode measurements into global inversions will improve models of global seismic velocity structure.
High-Frequency Nonlinear Response of Superconducting Cavity-Grade 
Nb
 Surfaces

Nb Superconducting Radio-Frequency (SRF) cavities are observed to break down and lose their high-Q superconducting properties at accelerating gradients below the limits imposed by theory. The microscopic origins of SRF cavity breakdown are still a matter of some debate. To investigate these microscopic issues temperature and power dependent local third harmonic response was measured on bulk Nb and Nb thin film samples using a novel near-field magnetic microwave microscope between 2.9K-10K and 2GHz-6GHz. Both periodic and non-periodic response as a function of applied RF field amplitude are observed. We attribute these features to extrinsic and intrinsic nonlinear responses of the sample. The RF-current-biased Resistively Shunted Junction (RSJ) model can account for the periodic response and fits very well to the data using reasonable parameters. The non-periodic response is consistent with vortex semi-loops penetrating into the bulk of the sample once sufficiently high RF magnetic field is applied, and the data can be fit to a Time-Dependent Ginzburg-Landau (TDGL) model of this process. The fact that these responses are measured on a wide variety of Nb samples suggests that we have captured the generic nonlinear response of air-exposed Nb surfaces.
Quasi-potentials and regularization of currents, and applications

Let $Y$ be a compact K\"ahler manifold. We show that the weak regularization $K_n$ of Dinh and Sibony for the diagonal $\Delta_Y$ (see Section 2 for more detail) is compatible with wedge product in the following sense: If $T$ is a positive $dd^c$-closed $(p,p)$ current and $\theta$ is a smooth $(q,q)$ form then there is a sequence of positive $dd^c$-closed $(p+q,p+q)$ currents $S_n$ whose masses converge to 0 so that $-S_n\leq K_n(T\wedge \theta)-K_n(T)\wedge \theta \leq S_n$ for all $n$. We also prove a result concerning the quasi-potentials of positive closed currents. We give two applications of these results. First, we prove a corresponding compatibility with wedge product for the pullback operator defined in our previous paper. Second, we define an intersection product for positive $dd^c$-closed currents. This intersection is symmetric and has a local nature.
Large deviation principle of Freidlin-Wentzell type for pinned diffusion processes

Since T. Lyons invented rough path theory, one of its most successful applications is a new proof of Freidlin-Wentzell's large deviation principle for diffusion processes. In this paper we extend this method to the case of pinned diffusion processes under a mild ellipticity assumption. Besides rough path theory, our main tool is quasi-sure analysis, which is a kind of potential theory in Malliavin calculus.
Robustness of Reduced-Order Jet Noise Models

Three statistical jet noise prediction models are compared for a representative set of single-stream jet cases, which include cold and hot jets of the Strategic Investment in Low-carbon Engine Technology (SILOET) experiment at acoustic Mach number 0.875 and the cold jets of the NASA Small Hot Jet Acoustic Rig (SHJAR) experiment at acoustic Mach numbers 0.5 and 0.9. The implemented models are those proposed by Tam and Auriault, Khavaran, and the Goldstein Generalised Acoustic Analogy (GAA). By the virtue of reduced-order modelling, which is based on the single-point meanflow and turbulence statistics, all these implementations use a number of empirical dimensionless source parameters for far-field noise spectra predictions. In comparison with the Tam and Auriault model, the Khavaran and GAA model implementations use several dimensionless parameters, which are available from the previous literature and assumed to be more-or-less universal for a class of single-stream jets. These parameters include the fluctuating enthalpy function and the dimensionless amplitudes of auto-covariances of turbulent fluctuating stresses and velocities available from the literature. The comparison of the three models is aimed not only at assessing their accuracy for a range of jet conditions, observer angles, and frequencies, but also to examine their robustness outside of a reference jet experiment for which their source models were calibrated. For the input to each model, the meanflow, turbulence kinetic energy, and dissipation rate extracted from Large Eddy Simulations
Phenomenology of Pure General Gauge Mediation

We investigate the phenomenology of general gauge mediation in the MSSM. We apply the strict definition of gauge mediated SUSY-breaking where B? is generated only through gauge interactions, and as a result is very close to zero at the messenger scale. In this setup tan ? is a prediction rather than an input. The input parameters are independent scales for the gaugino masses, the scalar masses and the messenger mass in accord with general gauge mediation. We investigate the spectra, the constraints on the parameter space from direct searches and indirect observables, as well as fine-tuning. The favoured region of parameter space includes and interpolates between non-split and mildly split SUSY, characteristic of ordinary gauge mediation and direct gauge mediation models, respectively.
Synthesis and Evaluation of a Chitosan–Silica-Based Bone Substitute for Tissue Engineering

Bone defects have prompted the development of biomaterial-based bone substitutes for restoring the affected tissue completely. Although many biomaterials have been designed and evaluated, the combination of properties required in a biomaterial for bone tissue engineering still poses a challenge. In this study, a chitosan–silica-based biocomposite was synthetized, and its physicochemical characteristics and biocompatibility were characterized, with the aim of exploring the advantages and drawbacks of its use in bone tissue engineering. Dynamic light scattering measurements showed that the mean hydrodynamic size of solid silica particles (Sol-Si) was 482 ± 3 nm. Scanning electron microscopy of the biocomposite showed that Sol-Si were homogenously distributed within the chitosan (CS) matrix. The biocomposite swelled rapidly and was observed to have no cytotoxic effect on the [3T3] cell line within 24 h. Biocompatibility was also analyzed in vivo 14 days post-implant using a murine experimental model (Wistar rats). The biocomposite was implanted in the medullary compartment of both tibiae (n = 12). Histologically, no acute inflammatory infiltrate or multinucleated giant cells associated to the biocomposite were observed, indicating good biocompatibility. At the tissue–biocomposite interface, there was new formation of woven bone tissue in close contact with the biocomposite surface (osseointegration). The new bone formation may be attributed to the action of silica. Free silica particles originating from the biocomposite were observed at the tissue–biocomposite interface. According to our results, the biocomposite may act as a template for cellular interactions and extracellular matrix formation, providing a structural support for new bone tissue formation. The CS/Sol-Si biocomposite may act as a Si reservoir, promoting new bone formation. A scaffold with these properties is essential for cell differentiation and filling a bone defect.