Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
THE EFFECT OF IRRIGATION AND NITROGEN FERTILIZATION ON THE SOYBEAN SEED YIELD, WITH A CORRELATION TO THE PROTEIN AND OIL CONCENTRATION

The paper presents the result of a triennial field experiment (2013‒15), aiming to determine the influence of irrigation, nitrogen fertilization, and cultivars, as well as their interactions on the yield and chemical properties of the soybean seeds. Four soybean cultivars (Lucija, Vita, Ika and Tena) of different maturity groups were investigate as a sub‐subplot factor (C). The main plot factor (A - irrigation) resulted in a statistically very significant (P≤0.01) seed yield in all three years, and it was found out by an analysis of variance. The subplot factor (B - nitrogen fertilization) had an impact on the grain yield depending on the research year, while sub‐subplot factor (C-cultivar) significantly affected all examined traits. The factor interactions and their significance varied by the research years. The seed yield achieved in 2013 (3883 kg ha-1) indicated a great importance of all factors’ interaction. The correlations between a seed yield and a protein and oil concentration were determined during the research.
The frequency of various skin diseases in patients visiting the OPD of dermatology department at a tertiary care Hospital, Aziz Fatima Medical & Dental College Faisalabad

Objective To determine the frequency of the skin diseases in patients attending dermatology OPD in a tertiary care Hospital in Faisalabad. Materials and Methods It is a descriptive study carried out from 1 st September.2019 to 29 th February 2020 for the period of six months. It was carried out on patients attending dermatology OPD at Aziz Fatima Hospital Faisalabad which is a tertiary care hospital affiliated with Aziz Fatima Hospital Faisalabad. Total of two thousand eight hundred seventy nine patients were enrolled after informal consent. Study was based on the newly diagnosed cases presenting in dermatology OPD, irrespective of age and sex. The diseases were diagnosed clinically and relevant investigations were carried out at laboratory of hospital. History and Physical examination was recorded on a predesigned standared proforma and analysed through computer Microsoft SPSS. Biochemical tests were carried out where needed. Skin biopsy and histopathology was carried out in selected cases where diagnosis was proved or otherwise. All the data was recorded and analyzed by SPSS software to assess the burden of these diseases in our setup and finally comparison was made with different studies. Results A total of 2879 patients were enrolled in the study from 1 st September 2019 to 29 th February 2020 for a period of six months. It include 1928 female patients (66.97%) and 951 male patients (33.03%), female to male ratio was 2:1 approximately. A general classification into infective and non infective groups was categorized. All the diseases were broadly divided in to infective and non infective groups. Infective group comprised of 1288(44.73%) and non infective group consists of 1592 patients.ie55.27%. Acne was most common (n=489 ie.16.98%) non infective disease. Scabies was (n=873 ie.30.32%) among the infective group. Conclusion Our study found the higher incidence of non-infective disease i.e. n= 1591(55.27%) and acne was most common disorder (n=489 i.e. 16.98%) and among infective disorder (n=1288 i.e. 44.73%) scabies was most common n=873 i.e30. 32%.
Pollution Characteristics of Particulate Matter (PM2.5 and PM10) and Constituent Carbonaceous Aerosols in a South Asian Future Megacity

The future megacity of Faisalabad is of prime interest when considering environmental health because of its bulky population and abundant industrial and anthropogenic sources of coarse particles (PM10) and fine airborne particulate matter (PM2.5). The current study was aimed to investigate the concentration level of PM2.5 and PM10, also the characterization of carbonaceous aerosols including organic carbon (OC), elemental carbon (EC) and total carbon (TC) in PM2.5 and PM10 samples collected from five different sectors (residential, health, commercial, industrial, and vehicular zone). The data presented here are the first of their kind in this sprawling city having industries and agricultural activities side by side. Results of the study revealed that the mass concentration of PM2.5 and PM10 is at an elevated level throughout Faisalabad, with ambient PM2.5 and PM10 points that constantly exceeded the 24-h standards of US-EPA, and National Environment Quality Standards (NEQS) which poses harmful effects on the quality of air and health. The total carbon concentration varied between 21.33 and 206.84 μg/m3, and 26.08 and 211.15 μg/m3 with an average of 119.16 ± 64.91 μg/m3 and 124.71 ± 64.38 μg/m3 for PM2.5 in summer and winter seasons, respectively. For PM10, the concentration of TC varied from 34.52 to 289.21 μg/m3 with an average of 181.50 ± 87.38 μg/m3 (for summer season) and it ranged between 44.04 and 300.02 μg/m3 with an average of 191.04 ± 87.98 μg/m3 (winter season), respectively. No significant difference between particulate concentration and weather parameters was observed. Similarly, results of air quality index (AQI) and pollution index (PI) stated that the air quality of Faisalabad ranges from poor to severely pollute. In terms of AQI, moderate pollution was recorded on sampling sites in the following order; Ittehad Welfare Dispensary > Saleemi Chowk > Kashmir Road > Pepsi Factory, while at Nazria Pakistan Square and Allied Hospital, higher AQI values were recorded. The analysis and results presented in this study can be used by policy-makers to apply rigorous strategies that decrease air pollution and the associated health effects in Faisalabad.
A new method for determination of potassium in soils using diffusive gradients in thin films (DGT)

Environmental context Potassium is an essential plant nutrient and farmers need to be able to predict how much soil K is plant available in order to optimise fertiliser applications and crop production. Traditional methods such as chemical extraction are generally poor predictors. A DGT based methodology that could enhance the assessment of plant available K is developed, which will assist plant growers to determine the correct fertiliser application, thereby avoiding crop deficiencies and limiting the misuse of K as a precious natural resource. Abstract Potassium is an essential plant nutrient often limiting plant productivity. Ammonium acetate extraction is often used to predict the potassium status of soils. However, correlation between extracted K and plant uptake is often poor, especially over a range of different soil textures. Diffusive gradients in thin films (DGT), which determines the diffusive supply of elements, has been shown to accurately measure plant available elements in several cases. Up until now, however, the DGT devices available have not been suitable for measuring K. We set out to develop a DGT device suitable for the measurement of K in soil and test its ability to predict plant available K. The DGT device contained a binding layer based on Amberlite IRP-69 cation exchange resin. It proved suitable for the measurement of K under conditions similar to those usually found in soil if a 2-h deployment time was used and the labile K concentration was limited to 400 µM. Prediction of plant K concentrations with DGT were similar to those with ammonium acetate extractions over a range of typical agricultural soils with sandy and sandy loam textures. The results indicate that this new type of DGT has the potential to improve the accuracy of predictions of the K status of soils, although more tests using a wider range of plant species and soils are necessary.
Contribution of Ocean Physics and Dynamics at Different Scales to Heat Uptake in Low-Resolution AOGCMs

Using an ensemble of atmosphere–ocean general circulation models (AOGCMs) in an idealized climate change experiment, this study quantifies the contributions to ocean heat uptake (OHU) from ocean physical parameterizations and resolved dynamical processes operating at different scales. Analysis of heat budget diagnostics reveals a leading-order global heat balance in the subsurface upper ocean in a steady state between the large-scale circulation warming it and mesoscale processes cooling it, and shows that there are positive contributions from processes on all scales to the subsurface OHU during climate change. There is better agreement among the AOGCMs in the net OHU than in the individual scales/processes contributing to it. In the upper ocean and at high latitudes, OHU is dominated by small-scale diapycnal processes. Below 400 m, OHU is dominated by the superresidual transport, representing large-scale ocean dynamics combined with all parameterized mesoscale and submesoscale eddy effects. Weakening of the AMOC leads to less heat convergence in the subpolar North Atlantic and less heat divergence at lower latitudes, with a small overall effect on the net Atlantic heat content. At low latitudes, the dominance of advective heat redistribution is contrary to the diffusive OHU mechanism assumed by the commonly used upwelling-diffusion model. Using a density water-mass framework, it is found that most of the OHU occurs along isopycnal directions. This feature of OHU is used to accurately reconstruct the global vertical ocean warming profile from the surface heat flux anomalies, supporting advective (rather than diffusive) models of OHU and sea level rise.
Redefining the Debate Over Reputation and Credibility in International Security

ABSTRACT A wave of recent scholarship has breathed new life into the study of reputation and credibility in international politics. In this review article, the authors welcome this development while offering a framework for evaluating collective progress, a series of related critiques, and a set of suggestions for future research. The article details how the books under review represent an important step toward consensus on the importance of reputation in world politics, elucidating scope conditions for when reputational inferences are likely to be most salient. The authors argue that despite the significant accomplishments of recent studies, the scholarly record remains thin on the psychology of the perceiver and is instead focused on situational factors at the expense of dispositional variables and is rather myopically oriented toward reputation for resolve to the exclusion of other important types. Despite its contributions, the new literature still falls short of a full explanation for how actors draw inferences about reputation. These remaining theoretical challenges demand scholarly attention and suggest a role for psychology in filling some of the gaps.
Volatile constituents of the essential oil of Grindelia robusta Nutt. and Grindelia squarrosa Dun

ABSTRACT The essential oils of Grindelia robusta and Grindelia squarrosa were analyzed by GC. The oil of G. robusta was found to contain 141 constituents of which 12 were identified. Bornyl acetate (12.28%) and α-pinene (12.15%) were the major compounds of the monoterpene fraction. The oil of G. squarrosa contained about 100 constituents and showed a very similar composition. α-Pinene (25.53%) was found to be a major compound
Crop Classification Using Multi-Temporal Sentinel-2 Data in the Shiyang River Basin of China

Timely and accurate crop classification is of enormous significance for agriculture management. The Shiyang River Basin, an inland river basin, is one of the most prominent water resource shortage regions with intensive agriculture activities in northwestern China. However, a free crop map with high spatial resolution is not available in the Shiyang River Basin. The European Space Agency (ESA) satellite Sentinel-2 has multi-spectral bands ranging in the visible-red edge-near infrared-shortwave infrared (VIS-RE-NIR-SWIR) spectrum. Understanding the impact of spectral-temporal information on crop classification is helpful for users to select optimized spectral bands combinations and temporal window in crop mapping when using Sentinel-2 data. In this study, multi-temporal Sentinel-2 data acquired in the growing season in 2019 were applied to the random forest algorithm to generate the crop classification map at 10 m spatial resolution for the Shiyang River Basin. Four experiments with different combinations of feature sets were carried out to explore which Sentinel-2 information was more effective for higher crop classification accuracy. The results showed that the augment of multi-spectral and multi-temporal information of Sentinel-2 improved the accuracy of crop classification remarkably, and the improvement was firmly related to strategies of feature selections. Compared with other bands, red-edge band 1 (RE-1) and shortwave-infrared band 1 (SWIR-1) of Sentinel-2 showed a higher competence in crop classification. The combined application of images in the early, middle and late crop growth stage is significant for achieving optimal performance. A relatively accurate classification (overall accuracy = 0.94) was obtained by utilizing the pivotal spectral bands and dates of image. In addition, a crop map with a satisfied accuracy (overall accuracy > 0.9) could be generated as early as late July. This study gave an inspiration in selecting targeted spectral bands and period of images for acquiring more accurate and timelier crop map. The proposed method could be transferred to other arid areas with similar agriculture structure and crop phenology.
The use of contextual priors and kinematic information during anticipation in sport: toward a Bayesian integration framework

ABSTRACT Expert performance across a range of domains is underpinned by superior perceptual-cognitive skills. Over the last five decades, researchers have provided evidence that experts can identify and interpret opponent kinematics more effectively than their less experienced counterparts. More recently, researchers have demonstrated that experts also use non-kinematic information, in this paper termed contextual priors, to inform their predictive judgments. While the body of literature in this area continues to grow exponentially, researchers have yet to develop an overarching theoretical framework that can predict and explain anticipatory behaviour and provide empirically testable hypotheses to guide future work. In this paper, we propose that researchers interested in anticipation in sport could adopt a Bayesian model for probabilistic inference as an overarching framework. We argue that athletes employ Bayesian reliability-based strategies in order to integrate contextual priors with evolving kinematic information during anticipation. We offer an insight into Bayesian theory and demonstrate how contemporary literature in sport psychology fits within this framework. We hope that the paper encourages researchers to engage with the Bayesian literature in order to provide greater insight into expert athletes’ assimilation of various sources of information when anticipating the actions of others in complex and dynamic environments.
Framework for Water Management in the Food-Energy-Water (FEW) Nexus in Mixed Land-Use Watersheds in Colombia

The food-energy-water (FEW) nexus approach has emerged as an alternative for managing these resources more efficiently. Work from studies conducted in the FEW nexus in Latin America is scarce in the scholarly literature. This study aims to develop a framework for water management at the FEW Nexus, with a focus on Colombia. The study focuses on a typical mixed land-use watershed in the Andean region with specific objectives being to: (1) characterize the watershed with respect to land use, climate, water resources, and other factors pertinent to the nexus; (2) explore the relationship between factors in the FEW nexus that may affect water management in terms of quality and availability; and (3) propose a methodology for conducting a FEW Nexus analysis for watersheds located in the Andean region. The results indicate that the Pereira/Dosquebradas urban area has a significant impact on the FEW nexus components in the Otun River Watershed (ORW). Subsequently, an urban FEW nexus framework is proposed for its implementation at the watershed.
Clinical presentations and practitioner levels appropriate for the introduction of ‘Treat and Referral’ into the Irish Emergency Medical Service: A survey of Consultants in emergency medicine.

Objectives: Overcrowding in emergency departments (EDs) is an international issue and ambulance bypass is seen as one element of the solution to a complex problem. Irish EDs are not immune to this healthcare crisis, which, together with increased off-load delays for ambulances, is one catalyst for the introduction of Treat and Referral (paramedic non-ED disposition decision). The confidence of consultants in emergency medicine in paramedics and advanced paramedics offering Treat and Referral to patients presenting with hypoglycaemia or seizure was explored. Other specific clinical presentations were also investigated for suitability for Treat and Referral and a consensus was sought on an upper age limit for such patients. Methods: Public-sector consultants in emergency medicine in Ireland at the time of the study, were invited to complete an online survey. A 62% response was received from the targeted population. Results: Confidence was expressed in advanced paramedics offering Treat and Referral to patients with hypoglycaemia or seizure by the majority (78%) of respondents. However, confidence was reduced for paramedics (53%). Six of the twelve specific clinical presentations received clear support as suitable for Treat and Referral, with the remaining receiving reducing support and ‘falls in the elderly (without injury)’ was opposed. There was no consensus on an upper age limit for patients being offered Treat and Referral. Conclusions: Support for the highest level of EMS practitioner in Ireland, advanced paramedic, to expand their scope of practice to include Treat and Referral was identified. Clinical presentations have been identified that would be conducive to a Treat and Referral clinical care pathway. A trial implementation period may be essential to build confidence in the programme before a universal roll out.
THE EFFECT OF TAX RATE PERCEPTION, TAX UNDERSTANDING, AND TAX SANCTIONS ON TAX COMPLIANCE WITH SMALL AND MEDIUM ENTERPRISES (MSME) IN SUKOHARJO

This study aims to determine whether there is a partial influence on knowledge of taxation, tax regulations and tax benefits. The sampling technique in this study used simple rondom sampling, then obtained a study sample of 100 MSME tax payers. Data analysis techniques performed by descriptive statistical tests, classical assumptions, hypothesis testing with linear regression analysis. The results showed that knowledge of taxation and tax regulations had a positive effect on MSME taxpayer compliance in KPP Pratama Sukoharjo while the tax benefits did not affect MSME taxpayer compliance in KPP Pratama Sukoharjo. Keywords: Tax compliance, tax knowledge, tax benefits and tax compliance
Spatial Ecology of Asian Water Monitors Adjacent to a Sea Turtle Nesting Beach

Nest predation is the main cause of hatching failure for many turtle populations. For green turtles (Chelonia mydas) nesting at Chagar Hutang in Redang Island, Malaysia, Asian water monitors (Varanus salvator) are a potential nest predator. However, no studies have documented the space use of this species in coastal habitat adjacent to a sea turtle nesting beach to assess its potential impact on turtle nests. Here, we used Global Positioning System (GPS) data loggers to quantify space use of Asian water monitors in order to establish the extent to which they use sea turtle nesting areas. Asian water monitors had a diurnal activity pattern and spent most of their time in rain forest habitat behind the sea turtle nesting beach. The home range occupied by Asian water monitors varied between 0.015 and 0.198 km2 calculated by the Kernel Brownian Bridge method. The space use patterns of individual Asian water monitors varied between individuals. Two males had relatively small home ranges, whereas one male and the female had a relatively large home range. Because tracked Asian water monitors in this study rarely visited the sea turtle nesting areas, it is probable that only a few individuals are responsible for opening nests.
An exploratory study of students’ perceptions of environmental issues as social work practice and their understanding of environmental justice

ABSTRACT As environmental crises continue to rise, the profession of social work in the US is being called to incorporate environmental justice content in the training and education of social workers to prepare them for addressing the effects of environmental injustices; however, students’ awareness of the profession’s environmental justice mission is uncertain. The current mixed-method study sought to explore this issue amongst a sample of social work students (N = 724) in the US. Overall, students mildly to moderately believe that environmental issues are part of practice, and regression results revealed that greater support was associated with the belief in climate change and completing a university course that included environmental injustice. Content analysis of an open-ended question that asked students to define ‘environmental justice’ revealed that students primarily defined this term within the context of general environmental harm (28%) and 15% linked this term to a disproportionate exposure to hazards among people who have been historically oppressed and marginalized. Together these results suggested that further educational efforts may be needed to expand students’ knowledge of environmental (in)justice and how it is part of practice across the micro-macro continuum.
Arsenic’s Interaction with Humic Acid

Environmental Context. Arsenic is of significant environmental concern in much of the world because of its contamination of waters, from mining, industry, sewage disposal, and agriculture. The environmental mobility of arsenic is controlled primarily by adsorption onto metal oxides, especially iron. Humic substances (natural organic matter), which are ubiquitous in aquatic and soil environments, may interfere with this adsorption and arsenic mobility may be increased. Thus, even if it is assumed that humic substances sorb arsenic less strongly than hydrous iron oxides, they may, nevertheless, influence arsenic sorption and mobility, particularly when the iron oxide content in the environment is low. Abstract. The environmental mobility of arsenic is primarily controlled by adsorption onto metal oxide surfaces, particularly iron, aluminium, and manganese. Humic acid (HA) may interfere with this adsorption, thereby increasing arsenic mobility. This study has characterized the interaction of arsenic with HA in a system consisting of HA with As(iii), As(v), and dimethylarsinic acid (DMAA). Three sets of batch experiments were performed at varying pH (3–12), ionic strength (0–0.4 mol dm−3), concentration of each arsenic species (0–100 mg dm−3), and HA concentration (0–10 g dm−3). Arsenic species were shown to react with humic acid. The interaction is postulated to involve bridging metals and deprotonated functional groups within the HA. The association is dependent on pH, ionic strength, and arsenic concentration. The extent of the interaction was greater in the pH range 8–10 for As(v) and DMAA, while it extended to pH 12 for As(iii). The strong pH dependency is probably due to the aqueous speciation of arsenic. The logarithmic conditional association constants for the reactions were found to be 1.97 ± 0.02, 1.58 ± 0.07, and 1.50 ± 0.10 for As(v), As(iii), and DMAA respectively. These values indicate the formation of weak complexes with humic acid.