Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Clonal cytopenia of undetermined significance (CCUS)-associated reversion of donor-derived, transient αβ T-cell large granular clonal lymphocytosis, emerging post-transplant in a patient with a history of γδ T-cell large granular lymphocytic leukemia

Autologous and allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) has revolutionized the therapy of hematolymphoid malignancies. Yet, how to best detect or predict the emergence of HSCT-related complications remain unresolved. Here, we describe a case of donor-derived, transient Alpha Beta (αβ) T-cell large granular clonal lymphocytosis and cytopenia that emerged post-HSCT in a patient with a history of gamma delta (γδ) T-cell large granular lymphocytic leukemia (T-LGLL). Clonal unrelatedness of post-transplant T-LGL lymphocytosis to the patient's pretransplant T-LGLL was first identified by T-cell receptor (TCR) PCR showing different sized fragments of rearranged gamma chains, in addition to shift from γδ to αβ TCR expression by flow cytometry analyses. Donor-derivation of the patient's post-transplant clonal lymphocytosis was confirmed by serial chimerism analyses of recipient's blood specimens demonstrating 100% donor DNA. Moreover, oncogenic DNMT3A and RUNX1 mutations were detected by next-generation sequencing (NGS) only in post-transplant specimens. Intriguingly, despite continued increase in DNMT3A and RUNX1 mutation load, the patient's clonal lymphocytosis and anemia eventually largely resolved; yet, the observed mutation profile with persistent thrombocytopenia indicated secondary clonal cytopenia of undetermined significance (CCUS) in the absence of overt morphologic evidence of myeloid neoplasm in the marrow. This case illustrates the utility of longitudinal chimerism analysis and NGS testing combined with flow cytometric immunophenotyping to evaluate emerging donor-derived hematolymphoid processes and to properly interpret partial functional engraftment. It may also support the notion that driver mutation-induced microenvironmental changes may paradoxically contribute to reestablishing tissue homeostasis.
Age‐related changes in human skeletal muscle microstructure and architecture assessed by diffusion‐tensor magnetic resonance imaging and their association with muscle strength

Diffusion‐tensor magnetic resonance imaging (DT‐MRI) offers objective measures of muscle characteristics, providing insights into age‐related changes. We used DT‐MRI to probe skeletal muscle microstructure and architecture in a large healthy‐aging cohort, with the aim of characterizing age‐related differences and comparing these to muscle strength. We recruited 94 participants (43 female; median age = 56, range = 22–89 years) and measured microstructure parameters—fractional anisotropy (FA) and mean diffusivity (MD)—in 12 thigh muscles, and architecture parameters—pennation angle, fascicle length, fiber curvature, and physiological cross‐sectional area (PCSA)—in the rectus femoris (RF) and biceps femoris longus (BFL). Knee extension and flexion torques were also measured for comparison to architecture measures. FA and MD were associated with age (β = 0.33, p = 0.001, R2 = 0.10; and β = −0.36, p < 0.001, R2 = 0.12), and FA was negatively associated with Type I fiber proportions from the literature (β = −0.70, p = 0.024, and R2 = 0.43). Pennation angle, fiber curvature, fascicle length, and PCSA were associated with age in the RF (β = −0.22, 0.26, −0.23, and −0.31, respectively; p < 0.05), while in the BFL only curvature and fascicle length were associated with age (β = 0.36, and −0.40, respectively; p < 0.001). In the RF, pennation angle and PCSA were associated with strength (β = 0.29, and 0.46, respectively; p < 0.01); in the BFL, only PCSA was associated with strength (β = 0.43; p < 0.001). Our results show skeletal muscle architectural changes with aging and intermuscular differences in the microstructure. DT‐MRI may prove useful for elucidating muscle changes in the early stages of sarcopenia and monitoring interventions aimed at preventing age‐associated microstructural changes in muscle that lead to functional impairment.
The Differential Weights of Motivational and Task Performance Measures on Medial and Lateral Frontal Neural Activity

Behavioral adaptations are triggered by different constraints given by rules, and are informed by outcomes, or motivational changes. Neural activity in multiple frontal areas is modulated during behavioral adaptations, but the source of these modulations and the nature of the mechanisms involved are unclear. Here we tested how different variables related to changes in task performance and to behavioral adaptation impact the amplitude of event-related local field potentials (LFPs) in the lateral prefrontal and midcingulate cortex of male rhesus macaques. We found that the behavioral task used induced consistently different types of performance modulation: in relation to task difficulty (imposed by the experimental setup), to successes and errors, and to the time spent in the task. Difficulty had a significant effect on monkeys' accuracy and reaction times. Interestingly, there is also a strong interaction between difficulty and trial success on the reaction times variation. However, LFP modulations were mostly related to reaction times, touch position, feedback valence and time-in-session, with little, if any, effect of difficulty. Hence, difficulty modulated performance but not LFP activity. This suggests that, in our experimental design, execution, regulation, and motivation-related factors are the main factors influencing medial and lateral frontal activity. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Adapting decisions might be determined by several mechanisms and might be driven by motivational factors and/or factors inherent to the task at hand. Multiple frontal areas contribute to behavioral adaptations. One current challenge is to understand which information they process contributes to behavioral changes. Diverging views have emerged on whether task demands, like the decision difficulty, or factors linked to incentives to adapt, are driving frontal activity. Here we show that task difficulty had a strong effect on performance (accuracy and reaction times) but little effect on LFP recorded in monkey lateral prefrontal and midcingulate cortex. However, information related to actions, outcome valence, and time-in-session had major influences. Thus, task difficulty modulated performance but not LFP activity in frontal areas.
Post COVID-19 workplace ostracism and counterproductive behaviors: Moral leadership

Background The wide proliferation of Covid-19 has impacted billions of people all over the world. This catastrophic pandemic outbreak and ostracism at work have posed challenges for all healthcare professionals, especially for nurses, and have led to a significant increase in the workload, several physical and mental problems, and a change in behavior that is more negative and counterproductive. Therefore, leadership behaviors that are moral in nature serve as a trigger and lessen the adverse workplace effects on nurses’ conduct. Aim this research is directed to explore the impact of post-COVID-19 workplace ostracism on nurses’ counterproductive behavior and examine the role of moral leadership as a mediating factor in post-COVID-19 workplace ostracism and nurses’ counterproductive behavior. Ethical consideration Ethical review and approval Was received from Ethical Committee at the Faculty of Nursing, Alexandria University, Egypt. Methods A cross-sectional and correlation study was implemented in all units of medical, surgical, critical and intensive care units by using three tools; moral leadership questionnaire, Workplace Ostracism Instrument (WOS), and Counterproductive Work Behaviors Questionnaire (CWBs). A convenient sample of 340 from 699 bedside nurses was granted. Results This study revealed that nurses’ perceived moderate mean percent (55.49 ± 3.46) of overall workplace ostracism and counterproductive behavior (74.69 ± 6.15). However, they perceived a low mean percentage of moral leadership. There was a significant positive correlation between workplace ostracism and counterproductive behavior. Otherwise, a significant negative correlation was found between moral leadership, workplace ostracism and counterproductive behavior. Also, this study proved the mediating effect of moral leadership in decreasing workplace ostracism by 79.3% and counterproductive behavior by 36.7%. Conclusion Hospital administrators need to be aware of the significance of moral leadership and apply integrity in the clinical setting to reduce the drawback of isolation on nurses' conduct and increase value for the organization as a whole and nurses in particular.
Anxiety, Dyspnea Management, and Quality of Life in Palliative Care Patients: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Aim: This study aimed to determine the influence of nursing care grounded on Watson’s Human Care Model on anxiety, dyspnea control, and life quality in palliative care patients. Method: A randomized controlled study was designed. It was conducted on 64 participants hospitalized in a training and research hospital and 2 state hospital palliative care services in Turkey. The data were collected face to face using the patient information form, the Beck Anxiety Scale, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, the Medical Research Council Dyspnea Scale, and the Short Form-36 Quality of Life Scale. Results: It was detected that there was no statistically considerable difference in the median points of the Beck Anxiety Scale, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, Medical Research Council Dyspnea Scale, and Short Form-36 domains between the two groups in the pretest. However, the posttest median points were remarkably lower and the posttest median points of the Short Form-36 scale were meaningfully higher in the intervention group (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Nursing care grounded on Human Care Model reduced the grade of anxiety and dyspnea in patients and raised their life quality.
Economic inequalities and temporomandibular disorders: a systematic review with meta-analysis.

INTRODUCTION Temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) are a common and debilitating condition that affects millions of people globally. Despite extensive research on TMDs, the exact causes of these conditions remain unclear. However, various factors, including genetics, injury, and stress, have been implicated in their development. In addition to these traditional risk factors, the literature suggests that socioeconomic status (SES) may also play a role in the development and progression of TMDs. By synthesizing the available evidence, this review will provide a comprehensive understanding of the role of SES in TMDs and will inform the development of targeted interventions to reduce the burden of these disorders among individuals with lower SES. METHODS We conducted this systematic review followed the recommendations of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) 2020. PubMed, Scopus and Lilacs were searched using the terms: ((socio-economic status OR economic status) AND (temporomandibular disorders OR temporomandibular joint) from the inception until February 10, 2023. We applied the following questions: P) Participants consisted of human subjects. E) The Exposure consisted of low economic stats. C) The Comparison: subjects reporting low economic status were compared to subjects reporting medium-high economic status. O) The Outcome consisted of TMDs diagnosis. Review Manager version 5.2. 8 (Cochrane Collaboration, Copenhagen, Denmark; 2014) software was applied to perform the pooled analysis. RESULTS The included subjects in this review were 14607. Among them, 631 reported a low economic income, 1880 a medium-high economic income, 4617 were blue-collar workers and 7478 were white-collar workers or entrepreneurs. Among those reporting a low economic income or belonging to the blue-collar workers 12,93% (679/5248) presented sign/symptoms of TMD or a diagnosis of TMD whereas 10,6% (997/9358) of those with a high economic income/white-collar worker. CONCLUSION We observed a slightly higher prevalence of TMD among individuals with a low economic income Further research is needed to better understand this relationship and to develop effective interventions to reduce the burden of TMD among individuals with low income.
CD69 marks a subpopulation of acute myeloid leukemia with enhanced colony forming capacity and a unique signaling activation state

Abstract In acute myeloid leukemia (AML), leukemia stem cells (LSCs) have self-renewal potential and are responsible for relapse. We previously showed that, in Mll-AF9/NRASG12V murine AML, CD69 expression marks an LSC-enriched subpopulation with enhanced in vivo self-renewal capacity. Here, we used CyTOF to define activated signaling pathways in LSC subpopulations in Mll-AF9/NRASG12V AML. Furthermore, we compared the signaling activation states of CD69High and CD36High subsets of primary human AML. The human CD69High subset expresses low levels of Ki67 and high levels of NFκB and pMAPKAPKII. Additionally, the human CD69High AML subset also has enhanced colony-forming capacity. We applied Bayesian network modeling to compare the global signaling network within the human AML subsets. We find that distinct signaling states, distinguished by NFκB and pMAPKAPKII levels, correlate with divergent functional subsets, defined by CD69 and CD36 expression, in human AML. Targeting NFκB with proteasome inhibition diminished colony formation. Highlights Immunophenotypically-defined murine AML stem cells harbor self-renewing and non-self-renewing subsets that display unique signaling characteristics. CD69, an NFκB target gene, marks a subset of human AML with increased colony forming capacity and reduced proliferation. NFκB activation correlates with the global signaling pathway activation state in human AML.
Contextual Lateralization Based on Interaural Level Differences Is Preshaped by the Auditory Periphery and Predominantly Immune Against Sequential Segregation

The perceived azimuth of a target sound is determined by the interaural time difference and the interaural level difference (ILD) and is subject to contextual effects from precursor sounds. This study characterized ILD-based precursor effects (PEs) for high-frequency stimuli in a total of seven normal-hearing listeners. In Experiment 1, precursor and target were band-pass-filtered noises approximately centered at 4 kHz (1.2- and 1-octave bandwidth, respectively) separated by a 10-ms gap. The effects of precursor location (ipsilateral, contralateral, and central) on the perceived target azimuth were measured using a head-pointing task. Relative to control trials without a precursor, ipsilateral precursors biased the perceived target azimuth toward midline (medial bias) and contralateral precursors biased it contralaterally (lateral bias). Central precursors caused a symmetric lateral bias. An auditory periphery model that determines the “internal” ILD at the auditory nerve level, including either realistic efferent compression control or auditory nerve adaptation, explained about 50% of the variance in the PEs. These within-trial PEs were accompanied by an across-trial PE, inducing medial bias. Experiment 2 studied the role of sequential segregation in the within-trial PE by introducing a pitch difference between precursor and target. Segregation conditions caused increased PE for ipsilateral, no effect for contralateral, and either no effect or reduced PE for central precursors. Overall, the ILD-based within-trial PE appears to be preshaped already in the auditory periphery and the mechanism underlying at least the ipsilateral PE appears to be immune against sequential segregation.
Examination of cylindrical shell theories for buckling of carbon nanotubes

This paper examines the validity and accuracy of cylindrical shell theories in predicting the critical buckling strains of axially loaded single-walled carbon nanotubes (CNTs). The shell theories considered are the Donnell thin shell theory (DST), the Sanders thin shell theory (SST), and the first-order shear deformation (thick) shell theory (FSDST). Molecular dynamic (MD) simulation solutions for armchair and zig-zag CNTs with clamped ends were used as reference results to assess the shell models. The MD simulations were carried out at room temperature to eliminate the thermal effect on the buckling behavior. By adopting Young's modulus of 5.5 TPa, Poisson's ratio of 0.19, and tube thickness of 0.066 nm, it was found that DST is not able to capture the length dependency of the critical buckling strains and thus it should not be used for buckling analysis of CNTs. On the other hand, SST and FSDST are able to predict the critical buckling strains of armchair and zig-zag CNTs reasonably well for all aspect ratios, especially the results produced by the FSDST are found to be closer to the MD simulation results, because it allows for the effect of transverse shear deformation that becomes significant for CNTs with small aspect ratios. Thus, FSDST is recommended as a very suitable and convenient continuum mechanics model for buckling analysis of CNTs. The superior FSDST model is used to generate critical buckling strains of axially loaded single-walled CNT with different boundary conditions. These results should be useful for designers of nanodevices that make use of CNTs as axially loaded members. It is worth noting that for long and moderately long CNTs, the Timoshenko beam model may be used instead due to its simplicity.
Outcomes in patients with chest pain in emergency departments using high-sensitivity versus conventional troponins

Abstract Objectives. There is a paucity of data regarding the association between the use of high-sensitivity troponin (hs-cTn) compared with conventional troponin (cTn) and outcomes in chest pain patients in emergency departments (EDs). This study examined the impact of hs-cTnT on prognosis in chest pain patients in EDs. Design. In an observational cohort study, we included chest pain patients visiting the EDs of 14 hospitals in Sweden from 2011 to 2016. The study population was retrieved from each hospital, and information on characteristics and outcomes was collected from nationwide registries. Cox regression was used to estimate adjusted hazard ratios with 95% confidence intervals (HR, 95% CI) for (1) 1-year all-cause mortality, (2) missed acute coronary syndromes (ACSs), (3) use of coronary angiography, and (4) revascularizations within 30 days. Results. We included 170461 patients with chest pain where 62669 patients were tested with cTn while 107792 patients were tested with hs-cTnT. We found 4149 (4.6%) deaths in the cTn group and 6087 (3.7%) deaths in the hs-cTnT group. Patients in the hs-cTnT group had 9% lower mortality (0.91, 0.87–0.94), and were 14% more likely to undergo coronary angiography (1.14, 1.10–1.17), and 12% more likely to be revascularized (1.12, 1.08–1.17) than patients in the cTn group. Conclusions. Patients with chest pain visiting EDs using hs-cTnT had lower mortality and a higher likelihood of undergoing coronary angiographies and revascularizations than those using cTn. There may be a survival benefit of being tested with hs-cTnT compared with cTn in patients seeking medical attention for chest pain.
Hypothalamic Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone Contributes to Hypertension in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats

Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) is a neuropeptide regulating neuroendocrine and autonomic function. CRH mRNA and protein levels in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) are increased in primary hypertension. However, the role of CRH in elevated sympathetic outflow in primary hypertension remains unclear. CRHR1 proteins were distributed in retrogradely labeled PVN presympathetic neurons with an increased level in the PVN tissue in adult spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) compared with age-matched male Wistar–Kyoto (WKY) rats. CRH induced a more significant increase in the firing rate of PVN-rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM) neurons and sympathoexcitatory response in SHRs than in WKY rats, an effect that was blocked by preapplication of NMDA receptors (NMDARs) antagonist AP5 and PSD-95 inhibitor, Tat-N-dimer. Blocking CRHRs with astressin or CRHR1 with NBI35965 significantly decreased the firing rate of PVN-RVLM output neurons and reduced arterial blood pressure (ABP) and renal sympathetic nerve activity (RSNA) in SHRs but not in WKY, whereas blocking CRHR2 with antisauvagine-30 did not. Furthermore, Immunocytochemistry staining revealed that CRHR1 colocalized with NMDARs in PVN presympathetic neurons. Blocking CRHRs significantly decreased the NMDA currents in labeled PVN neurons. PSD-95-bound CRHR1 and PSD-95-bound GluN2A in the PVN were increased in SHRs. These data suggested that the upregulation of CRHR1 in the PVN is critically involved in the hyperactivity of PVN presympathetic neurons and elevated sympathetic outflow in primary hypertension. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Our study found that corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor (CRHR)1 protein levels were increased in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN), and CRHR1 interacts with NMDA receptors (NMDARs) through postsynaptic density protein (PSD)-95 in the PVN neurons in primary hypertension. The increased CRHR1 and CRHR1-NMDAR-PSD-95 complex in the PVN contribute to the hyperactivity of the PVN presympathetic neurons and elevated sympathetic vasomotor tone in hypertension in SHRs. Thus, the antagonism of CRHR1 decreases sympathetic outflow and blood pressure in hypertension. These findings determine a novel role of CRHR1 in elevated sympathetic vasomotor tone in hypertension, which is useful for developing novel therapeutics targeting CRHR1 to treat elevated sympathetic outflow in primary hypertension. The CRHR1 receptor antagonists, which are used to treat health consequences resulting from chronic stress, are candidates to treat primary hypertension.
Fructose‐induced salt‐sensitive blood pressure differentially affects sympathetically mediated aortic stiffness in male and female Sprague‐Dawley rats

Hypertension is the leading risk factor for major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE). Aortic stiffness and sympathoexcitation are robust predictors of MACE. Combined high fructose and sodium intake increases arterial pressure, aortic stiffness, renin, and sympathetic nerve activity in male rats. We hypothesized that activation of the renin angiotensin system (RAS) and/or the sympathetic system mediates aortic stiffness in rats with fructose‐induced salt‐sensitive blood pressure. Male and female Sprague‐Dawley rats ingested 20% fructose or 20% glucose in drinking water with 0.4% NaCl chow for 1 week. Then, fructose‐fed rats were switched to 4% NaCl chow (Fru + HS); glucose‐fed rats remained on 0.4% NaCl chow (Glu + NS, controls for caloric intake). After 2 weeks, mean arterial pressure (MAP) and aortic pulsed wave velocity (PWV) were evaluated at baseline or after acute intravenous vehicle, clonidine, enalapril, losartan, or hydrochlorothiazide. Baseline global longitudinal strain (GLS) was also assessed. MAP and PWV were greater in male Fru + HS versus Glu + NS male rats (p < 0.05 and p < 0.001, respectively). PWV was similar between the female groups. Despite similarly reduced MAP after clonidine, PWV decreased in Fru + HS versus Glu + NS male rats (p < 0.01). Clonidine induced similar decreases in MAP and PWV in females on either diet. GLS was lower in Fru + HS versus Glu + NS male rats and either of the female groups. Thus, acute sympathoinhibition improved aortic compliance in male rats with fructose salt‐sensitive blood pressure. Female rats retained aortic compliance regardless of diet. Acute RAS inhibition exerted no significant effects. Male rats on fructose high salt diet displayed an early deficit in myocardial function. Taken together, these findings suggest that adult female rats are protected from the impact of fructose and high salt diet on blood pressure, aortic stiffness, and early left ventricular dysfunction compared with male rats.