Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Southeast Indian Ridge between 127° and 132°40′E: contrasts in segmentation characteristics and implications for crustal accretion

Abstract The Australian-Antarctic Discordance is an anomalously deep section of the Southeast Indian Ridge which overlies a colder than normal region of the upper mantle. The Southeast Indian Ridge exhibits large contrasts in its geophysical and geochemical characteristics across the eastern boundary of the Discordance. We present new geophysical data collected along the Southeast Indian Ridge between 127°00′E and 132°40′E which define the segmentation characteristics of this portion of the Indo-Australian-Antarctic plate boundary. The Southeast Indian Ridge within our survey area can be broken into three first-order segments bounded by one transform fault and two propagating rifts. The transform fault, located at the west end of the study area, forms the eastern boundary of the Australian-Antarctic Discordance. The morphology of the spreading axis is that of an axial high akin to that found along the East Pacific Rise. The non-transform discontinuities found along the axis of accretion are also similar to those encountered at fast-spreading centres. These characteristics are in marked contrast with those of the spreading axis within the Australian-Antarctic Discordance, which resembles a slow-spreading centre despite its intermediate spreading rate (c. 74 mm a−1). We suggest that the geophysical and geochemical transitions that occur along the Southeast Indian Ridge near the eastern boundary of the Australian-Antarctic Discordance may be ascribed to varying mantle temperature and melt production rate along the spreading centre at constant spreading rate. The two propagating rifts, located near 127°45′E and 131°E, are actively migrating toward the Discordance down the regional, along-axis gradient in bathymetry at the rates of 43 and 46 mm a−1, respectively. Propagating rifts play a dominant role in the reorganization of the spreading centre east of the Australian-Antarctic Discordance. Satellite gravity data reveal a number of V-shaped, west-pointing structures on the flanks of the Southeast Indian Ridge. These structures appear to have been spawned near the George V ridge-transform intersection at 139°E. Four of these features display a clear association with active propagating rifts. Some of the remaining features may be due to the migration of melting anomalies entrained by asthenospheric flow along the axis of the Southeast Indian Ridge.
‘Don't be scared, you don't have to wear your lifejacket’: using the theory of planned behaviour to understand lifejacket usage in Tuktoyaktuk, Northwest Territories, Canada

ABSTRACT Water related activities result in a large number of fatalities annually throughout Canada, especially in the Canadian north, where drowning rates are up to ten times the national average. This study used participant observation, semi-structured interviews, and archival research to understand why residents of Tuktoyaktuk, Northwest Territories (NWT) rarely wear lifejackets. Three themes emerged. Firstly residents largely perceive lifejackets to be inaccessible, secondly drownings are attributed to factors other than failing to wear a lifejacket and thirdly lifejacket use is not encouraged by important individuals in the community. It is suggested that successful lifejacket promotion for this population requires drowning prevention programmes that move away from simplistic approaches that encourage people to wear lifejackets and instead must utilise an approach that addresses each component of the theory of planned behaviour (TPB).
Evidence from thermoluminescence dating for Middle Wisconsinan deglaciation in the Hudson Bay Lowland of Manitoba

We report here the first direct dating of the nonglacial, intertill Nelson River sediments from five sites in northern Manitoba. We used the thermoluminescence (TL) sediment-dating technique to obtain age estimates of 32–46 ka for four samples and 119 ka for the fifth, all samples previously correlated to the Sangamonian Stage (80–130 ka) Missinaibi Formation. We interpret the younger TL dates as being within 20–40% of the true deposition ages, but interpret the oldest TL date as an overestimate because of ineffective zeroing of the light-sensitive TL associated with observed pebble and sand detritus in that sample. Thus these younger direct dates imply a significant climatic warming and deglaciation in the heart of the Laurentide Ice Sheet area during Middle Wisconsinan time.
Study of monomelic amyotrophy of the lower limbs in the territory of the Western Balkans: Case series

Rationale: Monomelic amyotrophy is a rare form of motor neuron disease in which the neurogenic atrophy is restricted to 1 limb, mostly the distal part of the arm. The disease most often occurs in Asia, especially in Japan and India, while in European countries, this disease is rarely recognized. Registration and publication of new cases of this disease aims to increase the awareness of clinicians about the existence of this disease in European countries, and with the aim of easier recognition and faster diagnosis of this essentially benign disorder. Patient concerns: Five patients with signs of atrophy of the muscles of 1 leg were examined at our Institution. Diagnoses: The criteria for selecting patients were as follows: clinical evidence of wasting and weakness confined to the 1 lower limb; progressive course, or initial progression followed by stationary course; absence of any definite sensory loss or central nervous system involved; no evidence of compression lesion of the spinal cord. Interventions: The clinical characteristics of our patients were similar to those previously described in the literature. The characteristic clinical features were sporadic occurrence, predominance in males with an initially progressive course for 2 to 5 years followed by a stationary state. There was no family history of neuromuscular disease. Outcomes: The electromyographic finding was consistent with a chronic neuropathic disorder. Magnetic resonance imaging of the lumbosacral spine excluded intraspinal pathologies and root compression in all cases. Lessons subsection: Monomelic amyotrophy of the lower limb is a rare disease that should be considered in cases of slow progressive unilateral amyotrophy of a single leg, especially in younger and middle-aged men, not only in Asia but also in the Western Balkans and Europe.
The Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative and the role and contributions of the Private Partners Scientific Board (PPSB)

The Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) Private Partners Scientific Board (PPSB) encompasses members from industry, biotechnology, diagnostic, and non‐profit organizations that have until recently been managed by the Foundation for the National Institutes of Health (FNIH) and provided financial and scientific support to ADNI programs. In this article, we review some of the major activities undertaken by the PPSB, focusing on those supporting the most recently completed National Institute on Aging grant, ADNI3, and the impact it has had on streamlining biomarker discovery and validation in Alzheimer's disease. We also provide a perspective on the gaps that may be filled with future PPSB activities as part of ADNI4 and beyond.
Threat of a lion population extinction in Waza National Park, North Cameroon.

In this short note we want to publicise recent reports on killing of lions in Waza National Park, northern Cameroon. Population surveys in the 1990s resulted in an estimate of 50–60 lions (Bauer & de Iongh 2005, de Iongh & Bauer 2008). The population was reassessed in 2008 and was estimated to be 14-21 adult individuals (Van Rijssel 2008, Tumenta et al. in press). We fear that this lion population may become extinct very soon if no measures are taken to improve protection in the park.
Supportive Care Needs (SCN) of Cancer Patients Referred to the Medical Centers in Iran

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the Supportive Care Needs s of cancer patients in Iran. Methods: This descriptive-analytical, cross-sectional study was conducted on cancer patients referred to public and private medical centers in Gorgan (Northern Iran) in 2020. Cancer patients refered to private medical ccentes were recruited into the study using the convenience sampling method. The reliable and valid “Supportive Care Needs Survey-Short Form” (SCNS-SF) with 34 items in five domains of need (physical and daily living, psychological, sexuality, patient care and support, health system, and information) was used to collect data. Results: Out of 247 patients, 54.7% were females with a mean age of 46.15± 9.36. The most common site of involvement was breast (25.1%), and the duration of involvement was 7.51±6.79 months. The total mean of SCNs was 68.80±18.5 so that the highest (73.68±15.03) and lowest (60.42±27.19) SCNs were related to physical and daily living as well as sexual domains, respectively. The highest frequency (62.3%) of SCNs was related to “fatigue/lack of energy”. Conclusion: This study showed that cancer patients experienced many unmet needs in various dimensions. Therefore, it is necessary to address these needs simultaneously treating the disease and developing and implementing a care plan based on patients’ priorities.
Beyond chromosome analysis: Additional genetic testing practice in a Down syndrome clinic

Down syndrome (DS) and other genetic conditions have been reported to co‐occur in the same person. This study sought to examine the genetic evaluation beyond chromosome analysis of individuals with DS at one DS specialty clinic. Retrospective chart review of genetic testing performed beyond chromosome analysis, the indication for the genetic testing, and the result of the genetic testing from the electronic health record was performed. Demographic information was collected and summary statistics, including mean and frequency, were calculated. The charts of 637 individuals with DS were reviewed. Overall, 146 genetic tests in addition to routine chromosome analysis were performed on 92 individuals with DS. Tests included chromosomal microarray, gene panels, and whole exome sequencing. Tests were performed for the indication of: autism spectrum disorder, celiac disease, dementia, hematologic diseases, and others. Eleven individuals with DS were found to have a second genetic diagnosis. Individuals with DS in one multidisciplinary clinic for DS had a variety of genetic tests beyond chromosomes completed, for varied indications, and with some abnormal results leading to additional diagnoses. Additional genetic testing beyond chromosome analysis is a reasonable consideration for patients with DS who have features suggestive of a secondary diagnosis.
Factors associated with long-term outcomes of CD19 CAR T-cell therapy for relapsed/refractory CLL

Key Points • The median duration of response in next-generation sequencing MRD–negative responders was 53.4 months. • Pre-lymphodepletion maximum standardized uptake value and bulky disease, day +28 positron emission tomography–computed tomography and MRD negativity, and in vivo CAR T-cell kinetics affected PFS.
Hydrologic properties of grazed perennial swards in semiarid southeastern Kenya

Identification of plant resources that persist under grazing pressure, support desirable levels of production and at the same time protect the grazing environment is central to sustainable livestock production. This study assessed the infiltration capacity and soil loss associated with perennial swards subjected to different levels of utilization using simulated rainfall. The hypothesis was tested that grazed perennial swards have similar hydrologic properties and threshold removal levels below which runoff increases markedly. Infiltration capacity for the perennial swards increased with increasing stubble height before leveling off towards the highest stubble height. A 50% removal of current growth was the upper limit above which runoffs from the swards increased rapidly. Aggregate stability, organic carbon and percent ground plant cover were the most significant attributes that influenced infiltration capacity. Panicum maximum and Enteropogon macrostachyus were the most suitable perennial swards with favourable soil physical properties and infiltration capacities in the study area. The results support the existence of a threshold level of sward stubble height for minimizing runoff.
Prophylactic Epidural Blood Patch or Prophylactic Epidural Infusion of Hydroxyethyl Starch in Preventing Post-Dural Puncture Headache - A Retrospective Study.

BACKGROUND Post-dural puncture headache (PDPH) is particularly likely to happen in patients under obstetric care due to an unintentional dural puncture (UDP). There is as yet no ideal strategy for preventing UDP-induced PDPH. OBJECTIVES The primary objective of this study was to assess whether a prophylactic epidural blood patch (EBP) or prophylactic epidural infusion of hydroxyethyl starch (HES) is effective in preventing PDPH for parturients with UDP compared with conservative treatments. STUDY DESIGN Retrospective analysis from a single center's inpatient data. SETTING Department of Anesthesiology at a single center. METHODS A retrospective study was conducted of a single center's inpatient data from January 2017 through March 2020. The study included parturients with UDP during neuraxial anesthesia. The interventions of UDP included conservative treatment, prophylactic EBP, and prophylactic epidural infusion of HES. The incidence of PDPH, the use of intravenous aminophylline, therapeutic EBP, symptom onset, duration of headache, and duration of hospital stay were compared. RESULTS A total of 85 patients were analyzed. The incidences of PDPH were 84%, 52.6% and 54.5% with conservative, prophylactic EBP, and prophylactic epidural HES treatments, respectively. Compared with the conservative treatment, prophylactic EBP and prophylactic epidural HES treatment significantly reduced the incidence of PDPH (P < 0.05). No significant difference was found between the prophylactic EBP and prophylactic epidural HES groups. Compared with the conservative treatment group, therapeutic EBP was significantly less used in the prophylactic EBP and prophylactic epidural HES groups (P < 0.05). Prophylactic EBP shortened the length of hospital stay of parturients with UDP (P < 0.05) while prophylactic epidural HES showed no statistical difference compared with conservative treatment. No severe complications, such as central nervous system and puncture site infection or nerve injury, were found in those patients. LIMITATIONS Retrospective nature and single center data with a relatively small sample size. CONCLUSIONS Prophylactic management with EBP and epidural infusion of HES has an effect in preventing the occurrence of PDPH; prophylactic EBP significantly shortened hospital stay length in parturients with UDP. KEY WORDS Unintentional dural puncture, epidural blood patch, hydroxyethyl starch, post-dural puncture headache, parturient.
Formation and behavior of aeolian streamers

Received 5 December 2004; revised 31 March 2005; accepted 9 June 2005; published 7 September 2005. (1) Field experiments were conducted to determine the characteristic spatial and temporal dimensions and behavior of aeolian streamers and to identify the processes responsible for their formation. An instrument array that included anemometer towers, piezo-electric transport sensors (Safires), and hot-film probes was deployed to measure streamers and airflow dynamics on both a coastal dune and a desert sand mound in California. Aeolian transport occurs predominantly in the form of families of intertwining and bifurcating streamers, while under intense wind forcing, more complex patterns of nested streamers and clouds with embedded streamers develop. The streamers display a characteristic width of approximately 0.2 m and an average lateral spacing of about 1 m. These dimensions appear to be independent of mean airflow characteristics. The observations and measurements of streamers under different environmental conditions suggest that bed surface control in the form of differentiation in moisture content, grain size, or microtopography is not a necessary condition for the formation of streamers. The results show little correlation between possible streamwise vortices or burst sweep events and streamers. It is proposed that streamers are generated by near-surface gusts that originate from large eddies propagating to the ground from higher regions of the boundary layer. These elongated and stretched eddies scrape across the surface and initiate saltation along their path. This concept accounts for the characteristic size and spacing of streamers, their rapid propagation, and the fast response of saltation to wind speed fluctuations.
Crustal thickness and upper mantle velocities in the Tibetan Plateau Region from the inversion of regional Pnl waveforms: Evidence for a thick upper mantle lid beneath southern Tibet

The crustal thickness and upper mantle velocity variation in Tibet and surrounding regions was mapped through the inversion of 130 individual long-period Pnl waveforms. The 130 paths crisscross the Tibetan Plateau, Hindu Kush, Karakoram, southwest China, Burma, and northern India regions. We regionalized these areas on the basis of topographic and geologic expression and determined the average upper mantle velocity and crustal thickness value for each block or region through a linear least squares inversion of the 130 parameter values. Crustal thicknesses in the Tibetan plateau, Karakoram, and Hindu Kush regions range from 63 to 72 km and Pn velocities are 0.10–0.20 km/s faster beneath these regions than those beneath northern India. We observed impulsive first arrivals (evidence for positive upper mantle gradients) on seismograms recorded at distances between 1000 and 1400 km. The paths of these waves crossed portions of Tibet, the Hindu Kush, and east India regions. Simple modeling of the long-period Pn wave-form and amplitude requires fairly high upper mantle gradients of 0.18–0.25 km/s per 100 km beneath the Pamir-Hindu Kush region and requires an upper mantle lid in excess of 100 km thickness. The southern half of Tibet also requires a lid of about 100 km thickness. A thinner upper mantle lid (50 km) provided a poor match to the Tibetan observations, even with a very high gradient of 0.2 km/s per 100 km. The upper mantle structure of east India appears to be similar to the southern half of Tibet (100-km-thick positive gradient zone). Both the increase in Pn velocity from India into Tibet and the evidence for a thick upper mantle lid beneath Tibet are consistent with the model in which Indian lithosphere has underthrust southern Tibet. Due to poor path coverage, the structure beneath northern Tibet cannot be resolved, and thus underthrusting beyond central Tibet cannot be constrained. The rapid increase in upper mantle velocity from northern India into Tibet can be explained by the pressure increase alone, produced by the double-thick crust, and indicates that the Indian lithosphere, which underlies Tibet, is out of thermal equilibrium.
Plan robustness evaluation strategies in whole-pelvic proton therapy for high-risk prostate cancer patients within a randomised clinical trial

Abstract Background Inter-fractional anatomical changes challenge robust delivery of whole-pelvic proton therapy for high-risk prostate cancer. Pre-treatment robust evaluation (PRE) takes uncertainties in isocenter shifts and distal beam edge in treatment plans into account. Using weekly control computed tomography scans (cCTs), the aim of this study was to evaluate the PRE strategy by comparing to an off-line during-treatment robust evaluation (DRE) while also assessing plan robustness with respect to protocol planning constraints. Material and methods Treatment plans and cCTs from ten patients included in the pilot phase of the PROstate PROTON Trial 1 were analysed. Treatment planning followed protocol guidelines with 78 Gy to the primary clinical target volume (CTVp) and 56 Gy to the elective target (CTVe) in 39 fractions. Recalculations of the treatment plans were performed for a total of 64 cCTs and dose/volume measures corresponding to clinical constraints were evaluated for this DRE against the simulated scenario interval from the PRE. Results Of the 64 cCTs, 59 showed DRE CTVp measures within the robustness range from the PRE; this was also the case for 39 of the cCTs for the CTVe measures. However, DRE CTVe coverage was still within constraints for 57 of the 64 cCTs. DRE dose/volume measures for CTVp fulfilled target coverage constraints in 59 of 64 cCTs. All DRE measures for the rectum, bladder, and bowel were inside the PRE range in 63, 39, and 31 cCTs, respectively. Conclusion The PRE strategy predicted the DRE scenarios for CTVp and rectum. CTVe, bladder, and bowel showed more complex anatomical variations than simulated by the PRE isocenter shift. Both original and recalculated nominal treatment plans showed robust treatment delivery in terms of target coverage.
Adiposity as a risk factor for inflammatory bowel disease and the mediating effect of metabolic and inflammatory status: A population‐based cohort study

Abstract Background To examine whether general and abdominal adiposity was a risk factor for the new‐onset of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and the potential mediating effect of metabolic and inflammation status. Methods A total of 492,998 individuals free of IBD recruited from 2006 to 2010 in the UK Biobank were included in our study, with ongoing follow‐up linking to the health‐related outcome. Multivariable Cox regression models were used to evaluate the associations between general adiposity (body mass index) and abdominal adiposity (waist circumference) and the subsequent risk of IBD and its subtype. We also investigated the potential mediating effects of metabolic and inflammation status by carrying out exploratory mediation analyses. Results During a median follow‐up of 12.5 years, we documented 2954 incident IBD cases (915 Crohn's disease [CD] and 2039 ulcerative colitis). After adjustment for important confounders, body mass index (hazard ratio [HR] highest quintile [Q5] vs. lowest quintile [Q1] = 1.18, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.04–1.32; P‐trend = 0.006) and waist circumference (HR Q5 vs. Q1 = 1.30, 95% CI 1.14–1.49; P‐trend <0.001) showed a positive association with the risk of IBD. The associations were partially mediated by metabolic status (24%; 15%), C‐reactive protein (36%; 19%) and inflammation score (82%; 46%). Conclusions Adiposity bore a risk factor for incident IBD, whereas unhealthy metabolism, especially inflammation, seemed to be an important intermediate condition between the association. Our findings provide evidence for possible mechanisms relating adiposity to IBD from an epidemiological perspective, and experimental studies are needed for further demonstration.