Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Sensory acceptance of carrot bread

Bread is a product obtained by cooking, under technologically appropriate conditions, a dough, fermented or not, prepared with wheat flour and other ingredients. Carrot ( Daucus carota ) is a plant of the Umbelliferae family, characterized as one of the most important olive crops, due to its great consumption worldwide. The present work aimed to produce and evaluate the sensory acceptance of bread made from carrots. Sensory analysis was performed using affective methods. For this purpose, 4 formulations were prepared and consisted of (A) 30% raw carrots and 70% wheat flour, (B) 30% carrot puree and 70% wheat flour, (C) 40% raw carrots and 60% wheat flour and (D) 40% carrot puree and 60% wheat flour. The acceptability index was evaluated in terms of appearance, color, texture, odor, flavor, aftertaste and aroma on a 9-point hedonic scale at the extremes “very much disliked and extremely liked”, for 50 untrained tasters. The results showed that formulation C with 40% raw carrot puree and 40% wheat flour, 10% yeast, 3% salt and 7% water, showed greater acceptability. In view of this, it is concluded that formulations B and C were accepted and are recommended to be used as a partial replacement of wheat flour.
An Advanced Data Assimilation System for the Chesapeake Bay: Performance Evaluation

AbstractAn advanced data assimilation system, the local ensemble transform Kalman filter (LETKF), has been interfaced with a Regional Ocean Modeling System (ROMS) implementation on the Chesapeake Bay (ChesROMS) as a first step toward a reanalysis and improved forecast system for the Chesapeake Bay. The LETKF is among the most advanced data assimilation methods and is very effective for large, nonlinear dynamical systems with sparse data coverage. Errors in the Chesapeake Bay system are due more to errors in forcing than errors in initial conditions. To account for forcing errors, a forcing ensemble is used to drive the ensemble states for the year 2003. In the observing system simulation experiments (OSSEs) using the ChesROMS-LETKF system presented here, the filter converges quickly and greatly reduces the analysis and subsequent forecast errors in the temperature, salinity, and current fields in the presence of errors in wind forcing. Most of the improvement in temperature and currents comes from satelli.
Biochemical traits of groundnut genotypes for their reaction to thrips

A field experiment was screened at AICRP on Summer Groundnut, Cotton Improvement Project, MPKV, Rahuri in randomised block design (RBD) under summer condition. The thrips incidence was found to be active throughout the cropping season. These genotypes were further tested for their biochemical traits for their resistance against thrips Based on the per cent leaf damage score by thrips four genotypes viz., Phule Unnati, JL-1224, KDG-160 and KDG-221 were found resistant, whereas, nine genotypes viz., KDG-243, RHRG- 1192, RHRG-16017, RHRG-1189, JL-1240, RHRG-1308, TPG-41, JL-1067 and KDG-244 were recognized as moderately resistant. The genotypes KDG-266 and JL-1229 were found to be moderately susceptible. The pod yield recorded showed non-significant correlation with per cent leaf damage. The biochemical traits of plant such as total phenols (r ⹀ -0.919 and -0.937) and total tannin (r ⹀ 0.779, -0.810) showed highly significant negative correlation with thrips population and per cent leaf damage. Whereas, total amino acids showed highly significant positive correlation with thrips population and per cent leaf damage (r ⹀ 0.675 and 0.792) and total sugars which showed highly significant and positive correlation with thrips population and per cent leaf damage (r ⹀ 0.908 and 0.890). Leaf water content showed highly significant negative correlation with thrips population and per cent leaf damage (r ⹀ -0.915 and -0.871).
The L ∞ optimal transport: inﬁnite cyclical monotonicity and the existence of optimal transport maps

We study the nonlinear optimal transportation problem of minimizing the functional C (λ) = λ -ess sup c among transport plans with given marginals. We present some general results regarding the problem, particularly connecting “good” solutions to a suitable deﬁnition of cyclical monotonicity. We show that cyclically monotone transport plans are induced by transport maps in R n under relatively general assumptions on the ﬁrst marginal and the cost function. With additional assumptions we are also able to prove results about continuity and uniqueness of these optimal maps
On ( (cid:2) , Ã ) -Inframonogenic Functions in Clifford Analysis

Solutions of the sandwich equation φ ∂ [ f ] ψ ∂ = 0, where φ ∂ stands for the Dirac operator with respect to a structural set φ , are referred to as (φ, ψ) -inframonogenic functions and capture the standard inframonogenic ones as special case. We derive a new integral representation formula for such functions as well as for multidimensional Ahlfors–Beurling transforms closely connected to the use of two different orthogonal basis in R m . Moreover, we also establish sufﬁcient conditions for the solvability of a jump problem for the system φ ∂ [ f ] ψ ∂ = 0 in domains with fractal boundary.
Substrate effects on the interface electronic properties of organic photovoltaic devices with an inverted C60/CuPc junction

Deposition sequence and substrate work function in controlling the interface energy level alignment in organic photovoltaic (OPV) devices with copper phthalocyanine (CuPc) as the donor and fullerene (C60) as the acceptor were studied using ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy. We found that the energy offset at the highest occupied molecular orbital of donor (HOMOD) and the lowest unoccupied orbital of acceptor (LUMOA), which limits the maximum open-circuit voltage of heterojunction OPV, can be changed from 0.64 (C60 on CuPc) to 0.86 eV (CuPc on C60) by reversing the deposition sequence. Furthermore, by controlling the substrate work function from 2.81 to 5.07 eV, the LUMOA-HOMOD offset can be effectively tuned from 0.86 to 1.27 eV. The results suggest that electrodes in OPV devices can have significant influences on the electronic structures and energy levels of the donor/acceptor interface, and thus provide a viable means for performance enhancement.
Decay B → K ∗ ( → K π )(cid:3) + (cid:3) − in Covariant Quark Model

Our article is devoted to the study of the rare B → K ∗ (cid:3) + (cid:3) − decay where (cid:3) = e , μ, τ . We compute the relevant form factors in the framework of the covariant quark model with infrared conﬁnement in the full kinematical momentum transfer region. The calculated form factors are used to evaluate branching fractions and polarization observables in the cascade decay B → K ∗ ( → K π)(cid:3) + (cid:3) − . We compare the obtained results with available experimental data and the results from other theoretical approaches.
Finite amplitude perturbation and spots growth mechanism in plane Couette flow

The plane Couette flow, a shear flow linearly stable for all values of the Reynolds number, is experimentally studied. A finite amplitude perturbation, local in time and space, is created in order to desstabilize the flow. For a Reynolds number R lower than R N L = 325±5, no destabilization occurs. When the Reynolds number is higher than R N L , a turbulent spot appears. A critical amplitude, A c (R), below which the spot growth and decay periods are roughly equal is measured. Above this amplitude, the spot grows up to a spatially bounded turbulent state, persistent over times long compared to the typical growth time. A power law for the asymptotic behaviour of A c (R) in the neighbourhood of R N L is made conspicuous. The spot is analyzed in terms of inside structure, spreading rates, as well as waves and velocity profiles close to the spot, in order to compare it to plane Poiseuille and boundary layer spots. The spot evolution appears to be very similar to the one observed for the plane Poiseuille spot. It is shown that the growth of the plane Couette spot can be described by the mechanism of " growth by destabilization " .
Insight in to the management of red palm weevil Rhyncophorus ferrugineus Olivier: Based on experiences on coconut in India and date palm in Saudi Arabia

Red Palm Weevil (RPW) Rhyncophorus ferrugineus Olivier (Coleoptera: Rhynchophoridae) is a lethal pest of palms distributed in diverse ecological habitats and is reported to attack 17 species of palms in nearly 30 countries. Although, the native home of RPW is South Asia where it attacks coconut, C ocus nucifera , during the last two decades it has invaded countries in the Middle East and Europe where it has become a serious threat to the cultivation of date palm, Phoenix dactylifera. RPW is a concealed tissue borer difficult to detect. Infested palms detected in the early stage of attack are easy to control with insecticide. However, palms in the late stage of attack do not respond to chemical treatment and often die. Usually palms below the age of 20 years are preferred by the pest.
Pseudo-Scalar q ¯ q Bound States at Finite Temperatures Within a Dyson-Schwinger–Bethe-Salpeter Approach

The combined Dyson-Schwinger–Bethe-Salpeter equations are employed at non-zero temperature. The truncations refer to a rainbow-ladder approximation augmented with an interaction kernel which facilitates a special temperature dependence. At low temperatures, T → 0, we recover a quark propagator from the Dyson–Schwinger (gap) equation which delivers, e.g. mass functions B , quark renormalization wave function A , and two-quark condensate (cid:3) q ¯ q (cid:4) smoothly interpolating to the T = 0 results, despite the broken O(4) symmetry in the heat bath and discrete Matsubara frequencies. Besides the Matsubara frequency difference entering the interaction kernel, often a Debye screening mass term is introduced when extending the T = 0 kernel to non-zero temperatures. At larger temperatures, however, we are forced to drop this Debye mass in the infra-red part of the longitudinal interaction kernel to keep the melting of the two-quark condensate in a range consistent with lattice QCD results. Utilizing that quark propagator for the ﬁrst few hundred fermion Matsubara frequencies we evaluate the Bethe–Salpeter vertex function in the pseudo-scalar q ¯ q channel for the lowest boson Matsubara frequencies and ﬁnd a competition of q ¯ q bound states and quasi-free two-quark states at T = O (100 MeV). This indication of pseudo-scalar meson dissociation below the anticipated QCD deconﬁnement temperature calls for an improvement of the approach, which is based on an interaction kernel adjusted to the meson spectrum at zero temperature.
On Diophantine quintuples and D ( − 1 ) -quadruples

In this paper the known upper bound 10 96 for the number of Diophantine quintuples is reduced to 6 . 8 · 10 32 . The key ingredient for the improvement is that certain individual bounds on parameters are now combined with a more efﬁcient counting of tuples, and estimated by sums over divisor functions. As a side effect, we also improve the known upper bound 4 · 10 70 for the number of D ( − 1 ) -quadruples to 5 · 10 60 .
Numerical Model of the Return Stroke of the Lightning Discharge

The numerical model of a spark discharge in air, described in the preceding paper [Phys. Fluids 14, 2111 (1971)], is used to compute the properties of the discharge channel of a lightning return stroke and its acoustic wave. Initial conditions and electric current waveforms were varied over a wide range, to correspond with the observed variability of natural lightning events. Computed temperatures, pressures, and electron densities in the discharge channel agree well with available observational data. The model predicts temperatures near the upper limit of the range of spectroscopically determined temperatures. Discharge channel radii agree well with similarity solutions for the growth of a spark channel. The energy dissipated per unit length of the discharge channel and the strength of the pressure wave lie well below most literature estimates. The computed energy inputs fall between 10 and 60 J/cm, and depend primarily on the maximum values of the discharge current.
Are the Chiral Based ¯ KN Potentials Really Energy-Dependent?

It is shown, that the energy dependence of the chiral based ¯ K N potentials, responsible for the occurrence of two poles in the I = 0 sector, is the consequence of applying the on-shell factorization introduced in Oset and Ramos (Nucl Phys A 635:99, 1998). When the dynamical equation is solved without this approximation, the T -matrix has only one pole in the energy region of the (cid:2)( 1405 ) resonance.
Facial Expression Recognition Based on Orthogonal Nonnegative CP Factorization

Facial Expression recognition based on Non-negative Matrix Factorization (NMF) requires the object images should be vectorized. The vectorization leads to information loss, since local structure of the images is lost. Moreover, NMF can not guarantee the uniqueness of the decomposition. In order to remedy these limitations, the facial expression image was considered as a high-order tensor, and an Orthogonal Non-negative CP Factorization algorithm (ONNCP) was proposed. With the orthogonal constrain, the low-dimensional presentations of samples were non-negative in ONNCP. The convergence characteristic of the algorithm was proved. The experiments indicate that, compared with other non-negative factorization algorithms, the algorithm proposed in the paper reduces the redundancy of the base image and has better recognition rate in facial expression recognition.
Energy identity and necklessness for ˛ -Dirac-harmonic maps into a sphere

Let (φ α , ψ α ) be a sequence of α -Dirac-harmonic maps from a Riemann surface M to a compact Riemannian manifold N with uniformly bounded energy. If the target N is a sphere S K − 1 , we show that the energy identity and necklessness hold during the interior blow-up process as α (cid:2) 1 for such a sequence
Structure of KKK KKK KKK barbarbar – K ππππππ – K πππηηη Three-Body Resonance and Partial Decay Widths of KKK ( 146014601460 )

Using the complex-scaling method, we discuss the coupled-channel K K K bar – K ππ – K πη three-body resonance and determine the resonance pole with K K , K K bar – ππ , K K bar – πη and K π two-body potentials describing two-body scattering properties and f 0 and a 0 resonances. It is shown that the three-body resonance can be interpreted as K ( 1460 ) . To estimate the partial decay widths of this three-body resonance, we calculate the partial-wave components in the resonance wave function and evaluate roughly the partial decay widths in K ∗ π , ε K and ρ K modes. We ﬁnd that additional p -wave components are needed to explain the experimental partial decay widths of K ( 1460 ) .
Constituent-Quark Model with Pionic Contributions: Electromagnetic N → Δ Transition

We report on ongoing work to determine the pion-cloud contribution to the electromagnetic N → Δ transition form factors. The starting point is an SU ( 6 ) spin-ﬂavor symmetric constituent-quark model with instantaneous conﬁnement that is augmented by dynamical pions which couple directly to the quarks. This system is treated in a relativistically invariant way within the framework of point-form quantum mechanics using a multichannel formulation. The ﬁrst step is to determine the electromagnetic form factors of the bare particles that consist only of three quarks. These form factors are basic ingredients for calculating the pion-cloud contributions. Already without the pion cloud, electromagnetic nucleon and N → Δ transition form factors compare reasonably well with the data. By inclusion of the pion-cloud contribution coming from the π − N intermediate state the reproduction of the data is further improved.
Layer dynamics for the one dimensional "-dependent Cahn–Hilliard/Allen–Cahn equation

Westudy the dynamics of the one-dimensional ε-dependentCahn–Hilliard/Allen–Cahn equation within a neighborhood of an equilibrium of N transition layers, that in general does not conserve mass. Two different settings are considered which differ in that, for the second, we impose a mass-conservation constraint in place of one of the zero-mass flux boundary conditions at x = 1. Motivated by the study of Carr and Pego on the layered metastable patterns of Allen–Cahn in Carr and Pego in (Commun Pure ApplMath 42:523–576, 1989), and by this of Bates and Xun (J Differ Equ 111:421–457, 1994) for the Cahn–Hilliard equation, we implement an N -dimensional, and a mass-conservative N − 1-dimensional manifold respectively; therein, a metastable state with N transition layers is approximated. We then determine, for both cases, the essential dynamics of the layers (ode systems with the equations of motion), expressed in terms of local coordinates relative to the manifold used. In particular, we estimate the spectrum of the linearized Cahn–Hilliard/Allen–Cahn operator, and specify wide families of ε-dependent weights δ(ε), μ(ε), acting at each part of the operator, for which the dynamics are stable and rest exponentially small in ε. Our analysis enlightens the role of mass conservation in the classification of the general mixed problem into twomain categories where the solution has a profile close to Allen–Cahn, or, when the mass is conserved, close to the Cahn–Hilliard solution. Mathematics Subject Classification 35K55 · 35K57 · 35K40 · 58J90 Communicated by Manuel del Pino. B G. Karali gkarali@uoc.gr 1 Department of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, University of Chester, Chester, UK 2 Department of Mathematics and Applied Mathematics, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece 3 Institute of Applied and Computational Mathematics, FORTH, Heraklion, Greece
Existence of optimal transport maps in very strict CD ( K , ∞ ) -spaces

We introduce a more restrictive version of the strict C D ( K , ∞ ) -condition, the so-called very strict C D ( K , ∞ ) -condition, and show the existence of optimal maps in very strict C D ( K , ∞ ) -spaces despite the possible lack of uniqueness of optimal plans
CAMEMBERT: A Mini-Neptunes General Circulation Model Intercomparison, Protocol Version 1.0.A CUISINES Model Intercomparison Project

With an increased focus on the observing and modeling of mini-Neptunes, there comes a need to better understand the tools we use to model their atmospheres. In this Paper, we present the protocol for the Comparing Atmospheric Models of Extrasolar Mini-Neptunes Building and Envisioning Retrievals and Transits, CAMEMBERT, project, an intercomparison of general circulation models (GCMs) used by the exoplanetary science community to simulate the atmospheres of mini-Neptunes. We focus on two targets well studied both observationally and theoretically with planned JWST cycle 1 observations: the warm GJ 1214b and the cooler K2-18b. For each target, we consider a temperature-forced case, a clear sky dual-gray radiative transfer case, and a clear sky multiband radiative transfer case, covering a range of complexities and configurations where we know differences exist between GCMs in the literature. This Paper presents all the details necessary to participate in the intercomparison, with the intention of presenting the results in future papers. Currently, there are eight GCMs participating (ExoCAM, Exo-FMS, FMS PCM, Generic PCM, MITgcm, RM-GCM, THOR, and the Unified Model), and membership in the project remains open. Those interested in participating are invited to contact the authors.
The Volumetric Star Formation Law in the Almost Edge-on Galaxy NGC 4302 Revealed by the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array

We observe the almost edge-on (i ∼ 90°) galaxy NGC 4302 using the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (CO) and Very Large Array (H i) to measure the gas disk thickness for investigating the volumetric star formation law (SFL). The recent star formation rate (SFR) is estimated based on a linear combination of IR 24 μm and Hα emissions. The measured scale heights of CO and H i increase significantly with radius. Using the scale heights along with the vertically integrated surface densities, we derive the midplane volume densities of the gas (ρ H I, ρH2 , and ρ gas = ρ H I+ ρH2 ) and the SFR (ρ SFR) and compare the volumetric SFL (ρ SFR ∝ ρ gas n) with the vertically integrated SFL (ΣSFR ∝ Σgas N). We find tight power-law correlations between the SFR and the gas (H i, H2, and the total gas) in both volume and surface densities. The power-law indices of the total gas and H i for the volumetric SFL are noticeably smaller than the indices for the vertically integrated SFL while the H2 indices for both cases are similar to each other. In terms of the star formation efficiency (SFE), we find that the molecular and total gas SFEs are roughly constant, while the atomic SFE is clearly decreasing with radius in both cases.
The Initial Mass Function in the Rho Ophiuchi Cluster

Approximately 20 sq arcmin in the Rho Ophiuchi cloud were imaged deeply at 2.2 microns. No new sources were found down to a completeness limit of m(k) = 14.5. Either the low-mass sources have radically different infrared spectra than higher mass ones, or the initial mass function levels out or turns over near a few tenths of a solar mass, and the formation of very low mass stars and substellar objects is suppressed. If this later results is true generally, large substellar objects cannot contribute significantly to the 'missing mass'. 13 refs.
Virial and Jet-induced Velocities in Seyfert Galaxies. II. Galaxy Rotation as Virial Parameter

The basic acceleration mechanisms acting on the ionized gas in the narow line region (NLR) of Seyfert galaxies are examined. Specifically, are the [O III] λ5007 line widths determined by active processes unique to AGNs, or passive processes such as motion in the gravitational potential of the host galaxy? A sample of 140 Seyfert galaxies is analyzed using parameters which track nuclear perturbation (e.g., radio morphology and luminosity) and host virial velocity (e.g., observed and inclination corrected rotation amplitude)
Multisatellite observations of a giant pulsation event

[1] Giant pulsations (Pgs; frequency ∼10 mHz) were detected with ground magnetometers on the North American continent on 19 October 2008, when the GOES-10, -11, -12, and -13 geostationary satellites and the THEMIS-A probe were magnetically connected to the region of the ground pulsation activity. This unique configuration allowed us to determine the properties of magnetospheric ultra-low-frequency (ULF) waves that caused the Pgs on the ground. All spacecraft detected monochromatic ULF waves at ∼10 mHz, and the coherence between the Pg at the Gillam ground station and the ULF wave at THEMIS-A was high when the magnetic field foot point of the spacecraft came close to the ground station. The ULF waves observed by the five spacecraft had perturbations in the radial and compressional components of the magnetic field and in the azimuthal component of the electric field, which are attributed to poloidal mode standing Alfven waves. The poloidal waves were accompanied by multiharmonic toroidal waves, and from the frequency relationship among these, it is concluded that the ∼10 mHz oscillations correspond to the fundamental (odd, or symmetric) mode. The standing wave mode also explains the amplitude variation with latitude and the phase delay between the magnetic and electric fields. Numerical models of poloidal waves incorporating finite height integrated ionospheric conductivity indicate that the fundamental mode interpretation is valid even when the damping of the standing waves is strong. Our observations are the most comprehensive to date in terms of spacecraft data, and we believe that theoretical work on the Pg generation mechanism should focus on mechanisms specific to odd mode standing waves, such as drift resonance of ring current ions.