Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Antibacterial Activity of Phytoalexins from Infected Theobroma cacao L.

Aims: To study the antimicrobial activities of the compounds produced due to reactions of cocoa (Theobroma cacao) with Phytophthora palmivora during infection. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Microbiology, Ekiti State University, Ado Ekiti, Nigeria and the Department of Pharmacognosy, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria between September, 2009 and July, 2011. Methodology: Phytophthora palmivora was used to infect healthy cocoa pods. The phytoalexins were extracted using solvent extraction and purified using standard methods. Agar diffusion and paper disc methods were used to study the antibacterial activities of the compounds extracted. Results: Two major compounds were subsequently isolated, purified and characterized as FC-3B21 and FC-4-B22 using the HNMR and CNMR as well as the 2D cosy data. Compound FC-3Original Research Article Fagbohun et al.; BBJ, 7(2): 85-93, 2015; Article no.BBJ. 2015.049 86 B21 was characterized as 7,8,9,-trihydroxy-2,8-dihydroxy naphtha-10-one while FC-4-B22 was characterized as ester of glycerol: Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Micrococcus luteus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus, were all sensitive to 7,8,9,-trihydroxy-2,8dihydroxy naphtha-10-one even at 20 mg/ml. Pseudomonas aeruginosa showed the least sensitivity with 2.0 mm zone of inhibition at 20 mg/ml and 12 mm at 100 mg/ml while B. subtilis was the most sensitive with zone of inhibition of 4.0 mm at 20 mg/ml and 21.0 mm at 100 mg/ml. With FC-4-B22 (ester of glycerol) using paper disc method, P. aeruginosa was the most resistant with no zone of inhibition at 20 mg/ml. Meanwhile, S. aureus was the most sensitive with zone of inhibition of 3.0 mm at 20 mg/ml. However, B. subtilis exhibited a zone of 15.0 mm at 100 mg/ml. Using the agar diffusion method, 7,8,9,-trihydroxy-2,8-dihydroxy naphtha-10-one showed an appreciable effect on the tested pathogens. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was the least sensitive with the zone of inhibition of 3.0 mm at 20 mg/ml and 8.0 mm at 100 mg/ml while S. aureus was the most sensitive to the extract at 20 mg/ml with the zone of inhibition of 6.0 mm at 100 mg/ml. Bacillus subtilis was most sensitive to the extract at 100 mg/ml with the zone of inhibition of 19.0 mm. Testing the efficacy of ester of glycerol using agar diffusion method, P. aeruginosa showed the least resistance while B. subtilis was the most sensitive. Conclusion: From this study, it can be concluded that the two novel compounds exhibited differential antibacterial activities towards the test bacteria.
The Role of the Seismically Slow Central‐East Atlantic Anomaly in the Genesis of the Canary and Madeira Volcanic Provinces

The Canary and Madeira provinces in the Central‐East Atlantic Ocean are characterized by an irregular spatio‐temporal distribution of volcanism along the hotspot tracks, and several alternative scenarios have been suggested to explain it. Here, we combine results from seismic tomography, shear‐wave splitting and gravity along with plate reconstruction constraints to investigate the mantle structure and dynamics beneath those provinces. We find that the Central‐East Atlantic Anomaly (CEAA), which rises from the core‐mantle boundary and stalls in the topmost lower mantle, is the deep source of distinct upper‐mantle upwellings beneath the region. The upwellings detach intermittently from the top of the CEAA and appear to be at different evolutionary stages. We argue that the accumulation of plume material in the topmost lower mantle can play a key role in governing the first‐order spatio‐temporal irregularities in the distribution of hotspot volcanism.
The role of visuospatial abilities and the level of expertise in memorising soccer animations

ABSTRACT Dynamic visualisations are commonly used to improve athletes’ performance in sports. However, their instructional effectiveness according to learners’ characteristics remains unclear. This study investigates the effect of visuospatial abilities (VSA) and the level of expertise on memorising an animated soccer scene. Participants (N = 96) first performed a control test to assess their level of VSA, followed then by the main test which consisted in recalling and reconstructing a displayed scene. Results indicated a main effect of the level of expertise and the level of VSA on memorisation performance. A significant interaction between these two factors was also found. Findings suggest that both VSA and the level of expertise must be considered to optimise the memorisation of dynamic visualisations in team sports.
Do Human Resources Run Economic Growth? Empirical Evidence From Pakistan

ARTICLE DETAILS ABSTRACT History: Accepted 30 April 2021 Available Online June 2021 This study analyzes the role of human capital in economic growth using data from 1981 to 2017. The data were taken from the World Bank (WDI) and the Economic Survey of Pakistan (Various Issues). It was scrutinized for stationarity of variables through ADF and an appropriate time series econometric technique of ARDL is applied for empirical analysis. The results suggest that both proxies of human capital, education, and health have positive impacts on the economic development of Pakistan. The study findings also suggest that government machinery may divert enough resources for the improvement of education and health services to accumulate human capital for achieving the desired goal of higher growth and development.
In Vitro Microleakage Evaluation of Bioceramic and Zinc-Eugenol Sealers with Two Obturation Techniques

Aim of the study is to compare the quality of the apical seal offered by a zinc-eugenol and a tricalcium-silicate-based sealer, both used with the single-cone or with the continuous wave of condensation technique. Forty central incisors were divided into four groups (n = 10), according to the two sealers and the two obturation techniques under investigation, and their outer surface was isolated with nail varnish. After endodontic treatment, samples were immersed in methylene blue dye for 72 h, then included in self-curing resin and sectioned to longitudinally expose the canal apical third. The depth of dye penetration was measured in each group. Mean values were compared by two-way-ANOVA test. Multiple comparisons were performed by Tukey test. The level of significance was set at 0.05 in all tests. The continuous wave of condensation technique led to reduced microleakage. Moreover, dye penetration values were reduced for the tricalcium-silicate sealer. In terms of microleakage, the warm continuous wave of condensation technique seems promising even when combined to a bioceramic sealer.
A large-scale test set-up for measuring VOC emissions from wood products under laboratory conditions in simulated real rooms

Abstract A large-scale test set-up was designed to evaluate the volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions of building materials in a real room situation but under laboratory conditions. Two model rooms (ModR) with a volume of 30 m3 each were constructed of the wood-based building materials X-lam and OSB, respectively. Temperature and relative humidity (RH) inside the ModR were kept in a range of 21°C–25°C and 45%–55% RH. VOCs were collected at 13 different times over a period of 23 weeks, and the total VOC (TVOC) concentration was calculated from GC/MS data. Results were quantified as toluene equivalents (TE). In the X-lam-ModR, the TVOC concentration decreased by 64% over the whole measurement period from 115 to 41 μg m-3 TE. Terpenes were the most abundant substance group and accounted, on average, for 80% of the TVOC concentration. In the OSB-ModR, the TVOC concentration decreased by 72% from 443 to 124 μg m-3 TE. Aldehydes showed the highest concentrations, accounting, on average, for 52% of the TVOC, while 38% were terpenes. The results show that this type of test provides realistic data for the praxis.
Media attention, dependency, self-efficacy, and prosocial behaviours during the outbreak of COVID-19: A constructive journalism perspective

The COVID-19 pandemic has caused disruption not only in the global health and economic sectors, but also in the field of journalism. As media has played and continues to play a pivotal role in disseminating information during the pandemic crisis, it is critical to examine how media influences the behaviour of their target audience. Subsequently, this study aimed to examine the relationship between media attention, dependency, self-efficacy, and prosocial behaviours amid the COVID-19 pandemic. A total of 905 participants from China responded to the survey questionnaire, the data from which was analysed via SPSS-AMOS v.23. The results indicated a significant correlation between media attention and self-efficacy. Likewise, media dependency is correlated with self-efficacy. Media attention, dependency, and self-efficacy demonstrated significant effects on prosocial attitudes and behaviours. Subsequently, this study showed that self-efficacy mediates the effects of media attention and dependency on prosocial behaviour. At the time of the COVID-19 pandemic, the findings of this study could serve as a guide to media practitioners in shaping the behaviour of their audience through meaningful and responsible information dissemination.
Do firms anticipate security issues by conservative reporting?

We examine the importance of debtholders’ and shareholders’ concern for conservative accounting. We use the concept of conditional conservatism and study a ﬁrm’s earnings behavior around important capital structure decisions, i.e. debt and equity issues. We employ a large sample of US debt and equity issues, which allows us to investigate the timing of conservatism. Our results show that ﬁrms issuing equity exhibit increasing conser-vatism in the period preceding the issue, driven by the demand of shareholders in the public markets. This ﬁnding is consistent with the notion that managers signal credibility to the market in an attempt to improve issue terms. We obtain weaker results for the role of conservatism in issuing debt, which is inconsistent with the idea that ﬁnancial reports are primarily meant as a governance mechanism in debt contracting.
Heritage for All – A Contribution to the Inclusion of People with Intellectual Disabilities in Archaeology: A Polish Perspective

131 This paper discusses the results of project entitled Heritage for all: Perception of the past and archaeo­ logical heritage by people with intellectual disabili­ ties, which the authors carried out on a group of 14 young individuals who were diagnosed with intellectual disabilities. The project aimed to detect how the past is perceived and conceptualized by students with learning and cognitive problems and how we, archaeologists and museum workers, can transfer knowledge about the past to them in a more appropriate way. This paper also provides a context for a need for inclusive archaeology as a way of practising archaeology as a discipline of social and cultural value for present-day people. Despite the limited number of people approached during the research and the specific character of education for people with intellectual disabilities in Poland, some conclusions can be drawn. First of all, participants in the project understood the past not as abstract, historical events, but rather as actions related to their personal experiences. Second ly, they remembered more about the past when it was shown and explained to them in an active, participatory way.
Designing and providing inclusive ELT materials in times of the global pandemic: a Chilean experience

ABSTRACT Purpose The provision of inclusive learning materials has been a longstanding issue in FL education. During the 2020 pandemic, school closures have posed additional challenges to educators seeking to engage learners and provide egalitarian access to learning opportunities. Approach This case study documents a collaborative materials design process when the COVID-19 pandemic forced Chilean schools into remote lessons for a whole school year. The collaboration was based on a small professional learning network consisting of two pre-service teachers and two teacher educators. Two questions were posed: What learning and circumstantial needs had to be considered for materials design and for the process of making the materials accessible to a diverse group of Year-9 EFL learners? What were the benefits and challenges for this networked learning system when searching for solutions? Findings: The combination of different access modes to materials, including paper-based worksheets and social networking, and the provision of internet access to facilitate video conferences, helped to overcome some but not all of the limitations caused by the lack of political commitment to offer solutions at a macro level. Based on a framework that combined principles of Differentiated Instruction, Universal Design for Learning, multimodality and bilingual support, the team developed materials at an appropriate level for most students. However, difficulties regarding differentiation between different learner levels persisted. Value This study sheds light on the affordances and challenges of a collaborative materials design process in which educators join perspectives to provide materials for greater educational justice in FL classrooms.
COVID-19: Nutrition and functional outcomes for critical care survivors in a 400- bedded district general hospital in North London

Novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has resulted in huge numbers of critically ill patients. This study describes the inpatient recovery and rehabilitation needs of patients admitted with COVID-19 to the critical care unit of a 400 bedded general hospital in London, United Kingdom. The rehabilitation needs of our sample were considerable. It is recommended that the increase demand on allied health professionals capacity demonstrated is considered in future COVID-19-related workforce-planning.
Linear stability analysis of two fluid columns of different densities and viscosities in a gravity field

Abstract The linear stability of a vertical interface separating two miscible fluid columns of different densities and viscosities under the influence of gravity is investigated. This flow possesses a time-dependent reference state (each column accelerates at different rates owing to their different densities) and the interface thickness grows as the square root of time (by diffusion). Numerical integration of the linear initial-value problem is carried out and discussed in detail as a function of vertical and spanwise wavenumbers and the flow parameters. Adjoint-based optimization is performed in order to determine initial conditions that lead to maximum growth of disturbances in finite time. Results indicate that the rate of growth of the perturbation energy at small wavenumbers (less affected by viscosity initially) is dominated by two-dimensional modes (no spanwise variation). Substantial transient growth is observed at higher wave modes initially, followed by asymptotic decay of the perturbations at large time. Sensitivity of perturbation growth with respect to initial time, density and viscosity ratios is investigated. This work is complementary to previous inviscid analysis of this configuration, which showed that the interface was unconditionally unstable at all wave modes, even in the presence of surface tension, and that instability grew as the exponential of time squared.
Intensity and microphysical properties surrounding the rapid intensification in landfalling Super Typhoons over China during the summer and autumn seasons

This study investigates the seasonal intensity variabilities of typhoons (TYs) over the western North Pacific that made landfall in the mainland China during the summer (June–August) and autumn (September–November) seasons for the period of 1979–2017. Using the latest climate reanalysis dataset (ERA5), cloud microphysical properties surrounding the rapid intensification (RI) period within the Super TYs (the maximum wind speed exceeding 51 ms−1) are explored to verify whether there exists microphysical precursor in TY intensity change like RI. The major results are: (a) The total number of landfalling TYs in summer is 188, almost two times of the number in autumn, and 25.5% of them can reach the Super TYs category, while 39.5% of the landfalling TYs in autumn became Super TYs with a shorter lifespan. (b) At least half of the summer and autumn cases have undergone the RI before they reached their maximum intensity, and more autumn cases experienced RI as they approached the coastal areas. (c) Snow and rain contents within the vortex exhibit consistent increasing trends during the RI period in both seasons. It is found that ice and snow contents show relatively distinct increase prior to the intensity change during the RI period in autumn cases, while no obvious signal exists in summer. The short‐term microphysical change and the released latent heat may be insufficient in supporting the onset of RI in Super TYs, and the differences of large‐scale environmental conditions between summer and autumn are mostly responsible for the distinct evolutions of intensity and microphysical characteristics in such strong systems.
The Effect of Two Different Creatine Formulations on Upper and Lower Body Muscular Strength and Endurance in Resistance Trained Men

Creatine (CR; α-methylguanidinoacetic acid) is a nitrogenous compound synthesized in the liver and pancreas from the amino acids arginine, methionine, and glycine. Dietary sources of CR include meats and fish, however, large amounts must be consumed to obtain 1-2 gram quantities (1,4,5). In skeletal muscle, CR is primarily stored as free CR and phosphocreatine (PC), a high energy compound that serves as the primary fuel reserve for the re-synthesis of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) during and following intense exercise. Therefore, rapid depletion of muscle PC is believed to be a limiting factor when performing maximal anaerobic work.
Role of Green Tea on Obesity and Type-II Diabetes Mellitus Male Individuals

Objective: To evaluate the effects of Green tea on obesity and hyperglycemia. Methodology: This observational study was carried out at the department of physiology, in affiliation to Medical Research Centre Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences Jamshoro. The sample was collected by convenient random sampling. Total 100 participants, 50 controls and 50 obese diabetics were enrolled. Informed written consent was taken from participants. The body mass index (BMI) of the participants was taken at the time of recruitment, Original Research Article Shah et al.; JPRI, 33(31A): 183-187, 2021; Article no.JPRI. 69895
Foam Glass Gravel Experimentally Made in a 10 kW-Microwave Oven

ISSN: 2716-3865 (Print), 2721-1290 (Online) Copyright © 2021, Journal La Multiapp, Under the license CC BY-SA 4.0 Foam Glass Gravel Experimentally Made in a 10 kW-Microwave Oven Lucian Paunescu , Sorin Mircea Axinte , Felicia Cosmulescu Daily Sourcing & Research SRL Bucharest, Romania Bilmetal Industries SRL Popesti Leordeni, Romania University “Politehnica”of Bucharest, Department of Applied Chemistry and Materials Science Bucharest, Romania Cosfel Actual SRL Bucharest, Romania
Social contagion and the institutionalisation of GRI-based sustainability reporting practices

Purpose This study aims to investigate the adoption and diffusion of Global Reporting Initiative (GRI)-based sustainability reporting practices within the global financial services sector. Design/methodology/approach The approach draws on the sociological construct of social contagion theory (SCT) to explain the drivers of diffusion of GRI-based sustainability reporting. Based on a longitudinal study of GRI adoption over a period from 2000 to 2016, thematic content analysis of sustainability reports and media articles was used to refine information gathered that related to nature and spread of GRI-based sustainability practices within the global financial services sector. Findings This study finds that the early adopters of GRI-based sustainability reporting and the accompanying media attention influenced the institutional diffusion of GRI-based reporting in the financial services sector. This growth was isomorphic as companies copied best practice models to reduce uncertainty and maintain legitimacy. Originality/value This paper focuses on the institutional diffusion of sustainability reporting practices within the global financial sector. It explores the notion of social contagion as an institutional dynamic to understand the drivers for the adoption and diffusion of GRI-based sustainability reporting across national borders. In doing so, the study contributes to the accounting literature on diffusion of innovations in reporting practice, but also, more generally, to the field of diffusion of new ideas in organisations using the unique approach of SCT.
Screening of anxiolytic properties and analysis of structure-activity relationship of new derivatives of 6-(4-methoxy)-7H-[1,2,4]triazolo[3,4-a][2,3]benzodiazepine under the code RD

Introduction: Searching for new compounds with anti-anxiety activity resulting from the combination of privileged scaffolds is a promising direction in medicinal chemistry and in the development of new drugs. Anxiolytic potential and cytotoxic properties of previously synthesized molecules, containing fragments of 2,3-benzodiazepine and 1,2,4-triazole – 6-(4-methoxyphenyl)-7H-[1,2,4]triazolo[3,4-A][2,3]benzodiazepines under the generic code RD were studied. Materials and methods: Screening for anxiolytic activity was performed on elevated plus maze (EPM) and open field (OF) test models. Structural and functional analysis of the anti-anxiety activity of the studied substances was carried out. A degree of muscle relaxant effect of the substances was assessed in the tests Grid, Wire, and Rotarod. A cytotoxicity study of RD compounds was carried out using an MTT assay on human hepatocellular carcinoma cells HepG2. Results and discussion: For a number of novel triazolo[3,4-a][2,3]benzodiazepine derivatives, a prominent anxiolytic activity was manifested in terms of EPM test. The results of OF test were consistent with the obtained data and confirmed the presence of the sought activity in the leading compounds. There was no significant effect on muscle tone for the compounds under study. It was observed that RD compounds possessed no cytotoxic properties and were safe for further studies in vivo. Conclusion: Among the new derivatives of 6-(4-methoxyphenyl)-7H-[1,2,4]triazolo[3,4-a][2,3]benzodiazepine under the code RD, substances (RD-4, 12, 13) with a high anxiolytic activity comparable to diazepam and tofisopam were found. The most promising compound is RD-4 due to its pronounced anxiolytic and low cytotoxic properties.
Creatively Increasing Empathy: The Impacts of an Online Empathy Workshop

ABSTRACT Despite empathy’s centrality, there is a paucity of research on empathy development in counselor education. This study extends work which calls for counselor educators to promote the role of empathy in counselor training. The present study recruited a sample of 64 graduate students to participate in an online, short-term empathy development workshop to examine its impact on empathy and other salient variables including attachment, wellbeing, self-esteem, narcissism, emotional intelligence, and mindfulness. The researchers used t-tests to analyze pre-posttest differences in the constructs, and thematic analysis and the consensual qualitative approach to evaluate open-ended survey responses to understand the impact of the short-term online empathy training on participants. Results indicated statistically significant changes in attachment-related avoidance and trait empathy. Implications for counselor educators future researchers are explored, and counselor educators are called to continue to refine and make accessible empathy training for counselors in training.