Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Magmatic and post-magmatic evolution of the Newania carbonatite complex, Rajasthan, north-western India

Abstract This work describes the mineralogy of dolomite carbonatite occurring at the Newania carbonatite complex, Rajasthan, north-western India. The mineralogy records the textural and compositional features of magmatic and post-magmatic stages of carbonatite evolution. Ferroan dolomite is the principal constituent and displays variable degrees of deformation, ranging from brittle-to-ductile deformation regimes. Apatite exhibits textural and compositional evolutionary trends from early-to-late stages of carbonatite evolution. Two varieties of amphibole are reported for the first time from this complex, ferri-winchite and cummingtonite; the former is magmatic and the latter is metamorphic in origin. The columbite–tantalite-series minerals are columbite-(Fe), and their paragenesis evolves from composite grains with pyrochlore to individual crystals. Pyrochlore is magmatic with U–Ta–Ti-rich compositions and shows evolution from calciopyrochlore to kenopyrochlore, followed by alteration during late-stages of carbonatite evolution. Monazite and baryte constitute the post-magmatic mineral assemblage; the former is hydrothermal and crystallised after precursor apatite, whereas the latter is associated exclusively with columbite–pyrochlore composites. On the basis of the mineralogy of the carbonatite, it is concluded that the parent magma was generated by low-degree partial melting of magnesite–phlogopite-bearing peridotite.
Exchange Rate Pass-Through to Brazilian E-Commerce Prices

E-commerce has experienced significant growth and is becoming more relevant to economies. The exchange rate can have notable implications on e-commerce prices, and this relationship is of great interest to consumers and retailers transacting online. Brazil is prominent among other emerging countries in issues relating to e-commerce. This article analyzes the relationships between the exchange rate and e-commerce prices in Brazil. The results reveal that: (a) there is an incomplete exchange rate pass-through to Brazilian e-commerce prices; (b) there is temporal precedence of the exchange rate in relation to these prices; (c) there is the possibility of arbitraging online purchases based on exchange rate variations. This article contributes to understanding the e-commerce price behavior in an emerging country. The evidence can support buyers interested in arbitrage. JEL Classification F31, F41, L81
Effects of the Fear of COVID-19 and Efficacy of Coping Behavior for Infectious Diseases after the End of COVID-19: Moderating Effects of Cyberchondria and eHealth Literacy

As the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic ends, it is worth considering whether the ability to cope with such a pandemic has improved. The initial response to COVID-19 was hampered by the fear of new infectious diseases and spread of misinformation on the Internet. This highlights the need to enhance our ability to critically evaluate information rather than indiscriminately search for and trust information on the Internet. Therefore, this study examined how cyberchondria and eHealth literacy moderate the effect of fear of COVID-19 on the efficacy of coping behaviors for future epidemics and pandemics. The participants were 1000 adults in South Korea who were selected based on population proportionality. The results showed that fear of COVID-19 was significantly positively related to cyberchondria, and eHealth literacy was significantly positively related to the efficacy of coping behaviors. Further, the fear of COVID-19 had a significantly negative effect on the efficacy of coping behaviors, and the moderating effect of cyberchondria varied according to the level of eHealth literacy. These results emphasize the importance of eHealth literacy in enabling critical decision-making regarding misinformation.
The Egyptian Cardiothoracic Surgeon

Background: Temporary postoperative pacing could enhance recovery of the cardiac function. The right ventricular pacing (RV) is commonly used, but it can cause dyssynchronous contraction of both ventricles. Biventricular pacing (BV) could improve the systolic function by synchronizing the ventricular contraction. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of biventricular pacing in improving the hemodynamics in the early postoperative period compared to other pacing modes. Methods: This is a clinical crossover trial including 50 patients who underwent open cardiac surgery in the period from September 2017 to September 2018. Mean age was 46.78± 12.09 years, and 50% were males. Temporary pacing leads were attached to the anterior wall of the right ventricle 1-2 cm paraseptally and the lateral wall of left ventricle 1-2 cm paraseptally. Each patient was paced for 3 minutes in the first 1-4 postoperative hours with 20 minutes washout period between different pacing modes. Study endpoints included cardiac output, ejection fraction (EF) and wall motion abnormality. Results: Biventricular and right ventricular pacing increased postoperative cardiac output (6.31± 1.28 and 5.2±0.72 L/min; respectively), but BV pacing was superior to RV pacing (P-value <0.001). The effect of BV pacing was more evident in patients with EF < 50% (7.27± 0.895 vs. 5.26 ± 0.634 L/min; p< 0.001). The postoperative EF improved during BV pacing (53.16± 4.71%) compared to RV pacing (49.4± 4.07%; P-value <0.001). Both BV and RV pacing were associated with less paradoxical septal wall motion abnormality (P-value <0.001). Conclusions: Temporary postoperative biventricular pacing improves hemodynamics compared to right ventricular and no pacing. Routine BV pacing is recommended especially in patients with low ejection fraction.
DETERMINANTS OF 3G MOBILE VIDEO ADOPTION BY THE SOUTH AFRICAN MOBILE CONSUMER

Cellular technology has evolved dramatically within the last decade. Real-time visual communication via cell-phone is arguably the most distinguishing feature offered to mobile subscribers with the introduction of 3G technology. The concern is whether 3G will provide any interest and explosive uptake by the mobile user community. In a South African context with the technology being relatively new, it proved difficult to anticipate the South African cellular user community’s response to 3G mobile video. This paper explores what factors the South African mobile user regard as most likely to influence the intention to adopt 3G mobile video. Since there is minimal literature on 3G mobile video, this research relied on Diffusion of Innovations Theory, Technology Acceptance Model and Theory of Planned Behaviour.
Memories of Earth Day: Environmental Education at Special Events

Coinciding with the 40 anniversary of Earth Day, this research describes short and long term memories of participants who attended past and present Earth Day Celebrations in Surrey, BC, Canada. Particular interest was placed on discovering the most memorable aspects of their Earth Day experiences as well as determining motivations to attend. Research was conducted using online and face-to-face surveys administered prior to and during the April 2010 event. The study revealed that not only that hands-on stewardship activities of releasing salmon and planting trees proved the most popular among research subjects but also illuminated the importance of social and familial interactions at the event. The results of the study may serve to guide the efforts of event organizers in order to capitalize on the public’s interests in environmental special events and serve to meet both the environmental and social needs of the community.
Privacy-Preserving and Poisoning-Defending Federated Learning in Fog Computing

Federated learning (FL) has been widely applied in Internet of Things (IoT). However, two security problems hinder the proliferation of FL in practical IoT, i.e., privacy leakage and poisoning attacks. To address these problems, various approaches have been proposed from different perspectives. Nevertheless, there remain two critical challenges: 1) how to establish a unified framework for protecting privacy and defending against poisoning attacks and 2) how to implement such methods in the flexible computing architecture of fog computing. In this article, we propose CROSSBEAM, a comprehensive scheme that provides both defense against poisoning attacks and privacy protection for FL in fog computing. Specifically, we construct frameworks to defend against poisoning attacks under both independent and identically distributed (IID) and non-IID settings. Meanwhile, we establish an actively secure framework to protect users’ privacy, building a bridge between privacy protection and poisoning defense. Our CROSSBEAM allows multiple fog nodes and users to collaboratively achieve the FL training. Besides, it can effectively alleviate the negative impact caused by poisoning attacks, meanwhile, users’ data confidentiality can still be guaranteed, even if multiple active fog nodes collude with each other to infer users’ privacy. Additionally, our scheme is of robustness to participants (fog nodes and users) being off-line during the training process. Moreover, benefited from the superiorities of our hierarchical mechanism and secure framework, our scheme can perform with high efficiency. We present rigorous security proof and extensive performance analysis for our CROSSBEAM.
Transcriptome analysis revealed differentially expressed genes in rice functionally associated with brown planthopper defense in near isogenic lines pyramiding BPH14 and BPH15

Although rice has many pests, brown planthopper (BPH) in particular is known to cause substantial damage. The pyramiding application of BPH-resistance genes BPH14 and BPH15 has proven effective in enhancing rice defense against BPH. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying BPH14/BPH15-conferred resistance remain unexplained. In this investigation, we analyzed the transcriptomes of near isogenic lines (NILs) containing either BPH14 (B14), BPH15 (B15), or BPH14/BPH15 (B1415), as well as their recurrent parent (RP) ‘Wushansimiao’. In total, we detected 14,492 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) across 12 mRNA profiles of resistant NILs and RP at different feeding stages. In the transcriptomic analysis, 531 DEGs appeared to be common among the resistant NILs compared to RP before and after BPH feeding. These common DEGs were enriched in defense response, phosphorylation, and salt stress response. In addition, 258 DEGs shared only in resistant NILs were obtained among the different feeding stages, which were enriched in oxidative stress response, karrikin response, and chloroplast organization. Considering the expression patterns and relevant research reports associated with these DEGs, 21 were chosen as BPH resistance candidates. In rice protoplasts, the candidate DEG OsPOX8.1 was confirmed to increase reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation by chemiluminescence measurement. Our results provide valuable information to further explore the defense mechanism of insect-resistant gene pyramiding lines and develop robust strategies for insect control.
Responses of GPS-Tagged Territorial Golden Eagles Aquila chrysaetos to Wind Turbines in Scotland

Research on potentially adverse effects of wind farms is an expanding field of study and often focuses on large raptors, such as golden eagles, largely because of their life history traits and extensive habitat requirements. These features render them sensitive to either fatality (collision with turbine blades) or functional habitat loss (avoidance through wariness of turbines). Simplistically, avoidance is antagonistic to collision; although, the two processes are not necessarily mutually exclusive in risk. A bird that does not enter a wind farm or avoids flying close to turbines cannot collide with a blade and be killed. In the USA, collision fatality is implicated as the typical adverse effect. In Scotland, avoidance of functional habitat loss appears more likely, but this depends in part on the habitat suitability of turbine locations. Previous Scottish studies have largely concentrated on the responses of GPS-tagged non-territorial golden eagles during dispersal. Several arguments predict that territorial eagles may have lower avoidance (be less wary) of turbines than non-territorial birds. Hence, we contrasted the responses of GPS-tagged non-territorial (intruding) and territorial eagles to the same turbines at 11 operational Scottish wind farms. We show that territorial eagles rarely approached turbines, but, as in previous Scottish studies of non-territorial birds, the spatial extent of avoidance depended on the habitat suitability of both turbine locations and their wider surroundings. Unexpectedly, we found that territorial eagles were apparently as wary as intruding non-territorial conspecifics of the same turbines. Our results show that regardless of age or territorial status, Scottish golden eagles largely avoided wind turbine locations, but this avoidance was conditional, in part, on where those turbines were located. Responses to turbines were also strongly dependent on birds’ identities and different wind farms. We speculate on how widespread our findings of avoidance of turbines by golden eagles are elsewhere in Europe, where there appear to be no published studies showing the level of collision fatalities documented in the USA.
Measurement of the CP-violating phase φ s in B 0 s → J / ψφ decays in ATLAS at 13 TeV

A measurement of the B0 s → J/ψφ decay parameters using 80.5 fb−1 of integrated luminosity collected with the ATLAS detector from 13 TeV proton–proton collisions at the LHC is presented. The measured parameters include the CP-violating phase φs , the width difference s between the B0 s meson mass eigenstates and the average decay width s . The values measured for the physical parameters are combined with those from 19.2 fb−1 of 7 and 8 TeV data, leading to the following: φs = −0.087 ± 0.036 (stat.) ± 0.021 (syst.) rad s = 0.0657 ± 0.0043 (stat.) ± 0.0037 (syst.) ps−1 s = 0.6703 ± 0.0014 (stat.) ± 0.0018 (syst.) ps−1 Results for φs and s are also presented as 68% confidence level contours in the φs– s plane. Furthermore the transversity amplitudes and corresponding strong phases are measured. φs and s measurements are in agreement with the Standard Model predictions.
‘A show of numbers’: campaign rallies and performing elite alliance-building in Kenya

ABSTRACT Campaign rallies are commonly understood as events where politicians appeal to a crowd of prospective voters to politically mobilise them. This article argues that an underexplored dimension of rallies is where they are used as performances to shape alliance-building between subnational and national politicians. Through focusing on two rallies organised by gubernatorial campaigns in Marsabit county, Kenya, for the president during the 2017 elections, the article shows how these rallies were used as tools to secure electoral alliances with the president’s campaign. It shows how organisers choreographed the crowd – through colour, props and positioning – to perform to the president their grassroots popularity, to secure electoral and post-election futures. This article builds on scholarship that takes a more complex look at what messages are performed at rallies, by and to whom, and how. It also offers insights on how elite alliance-building and devolution operate in a particular sub-national setting in Kenya.
Vulnerability or resilience? Examining trust asymmetry from the perspective of risk sources under descriptive versus experiential decision

Introduction The investigation of trust vulnerability is important to the understanding of the potential mechanisms of trust formation and erosion. However, more effective exploration of trust vulnerability has been hindered due to the lack of consideration of risk sources and types of information. Methods This study extended the investigation of asymmetry to both social and natural risk under experiential and descriptive decisions. Using the trust game as the decision-making paradigm and money as the subject matter, the research employed experimental methods to examine how people perceive and make decisions after being positively and negatively affected by natural and social risks. A total of 286 college students were participated in our study. Study 1 (n = 138) and Study 2 (n = 148) explored asymmetry in experiential and descriptive decision separately. Results The findings indicated that when considering experiential information, negative information had a greater effect in reducing trust compared to the enhancing effect of positive information (t = −1.95, p = 0.050). Moreover, the study revealed that negative information had a stronger negative impact in the context of social risks rather than natural risks (t = −3.26, p = 0.002), suggesting that trust is vulnerable both internally and externally. Conversely, when considering descriptive information, the effect of both positive and negative information on trust was symmetrical, and the impact of negative information was less significant compared to that of natural risks, indicating that trust has a certain level of resilience (t = 2.25, p = 0.028). Discussion The study emphasizes the importance of refining risk sources and information characteristics in complex scenarios in order to improve understanding of trust enhancement and repair.
Feedback for Emergency Ambulance Staff: A National Review of Current Practice Informed by Realist Evaluation Methodology

Research suggests that feedback in Emergency Medical Services (EMS) positively affects quality of care and professional development. However, the mechanisms by which feedback achieves its effects still need to be better understood across healthcare settings. This study aimed to understand how United Kingdom (UK) ambulance services provide feedback for EMS professionals and develop a programme theory of how feedback works within EMS, using a mixed-methods, realist evaluation framework. A national cross-sectional survey was conducted to identify feedback initiatives in UK ambulance services, followed by four in-depth case studies involving qualitative interviews and documentary analysis. We used qualitative content analysis and descriptive statistics to analyse survey responses from 40 prehospital feedback initiatives, alongside retroductive analysis of 17 interviews and six documents from case study sites. Feedback initiatives mainly provided individual patient outcome feedback through “pull” initiatives triggered by staff requests. Challenges related to information governance were identified. Our programme theory of feedback to EMS professionals encompassed context (healthcare professional and organisational characteristics), mechanisms (feedback and implementation characteristics, psychological reasoning) and outcomes (implementation, staff and service outcomes). This study suggests that most UK ambulance services use a range of feedback initiatives and provides 24 empirically based testable hypotheses for future research.
A ZnO Gas Sensor with an Abnormal Response to Hydrogen

ZnO is a commonly used material for hydrogen gas sensors. In this study, a ZnO nanofiber film with a diameter of approximately 60 nm was synthesized by the electrospinning method. Compared to previously reported ZnO hydrogen gas sensors, an abnormal phenomenon was observed here, where the resistance of the ZnO nanofiber film increased upon exposure to hydrogen gas in the temperature range from 210 °C to 330 °C. The physical mechanism of this phenomenon was explored through microstructure analysis and DFT simulation calculations that showed a total charge transfer of 0.65 e for the hydrogen molecule. This study can push forward the understanding of ZnO hydrogen sensing.
Biochar Application To A Colombian Savanna Oxisol: Fate And Effect On Soil Fertility, Crop Production, Nutrient Leaching And Soil Hydrology Volume I

Black carbon (BC) is an important pool of the global C cycle, because it cycles much more slowly than others and may even be managed for C sequestration. Using stable isotope techniques, we investigated the fate of BC applied to a savanna Oxisol in Colombia at rates of 0, 11.6, 23.2 and 116.1 t BC ha, and also its effect on nonBC. During the rainy seasons of 2005 and 2006, soil respiration was measured using soda lime traps, particulate (POC) and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) moving by saturated flow was sampled continuously at 0.15 and 0.3 m, and soil was sampled to 2.0 m. Black C was found below the application depth of 0-0.1 m in the 0.15-0.3 m depth interval, with migration rates of 52.4 ± 14.5, 51.8 ± 18.5 and 378.7 ±196.9 kg C ha yr (±SE) where 11.6, 23.2 and 116.1 t BC ha, respectively, had been applied. Over two years after application, 2.2% of BC applied at 23.2 t BC ha was lost by respiration (mean residence time of about 600 years at 26°C), and an even smaller fraction of 1% was mobilized by percolating water. Carbon from BC moved to a greater extent as DOC than POC. The largest flux of BC from the field (20-53% of applied BC) was not accounted for by our measurements and is assumed to have occurred by surface runoff during intense rain events. Black C caused a 189% increase in above-ground biomass production measured 5 months after application (2.4-4.5 t additional dry biomass ha where BC was applied), and this resulted in greater amounts of non-BC being respired, leached and found in soil for the duration of the experiment. These increases were quantitatively explained by estimates of greater
Multi-channel source separation by beamforming trained with factorial HMMs

Speaker separation has conventionally been treated as a problem of blind source separation (BSS). This approach does not utilize any knowledge of the statistical characteristics of the signals to be separated, relying mainly on the independence between the various signals to separate them. Maximum-likelihood techniques, on the other hand, utilize knowledge of the a priori probability distributions of the signals from the speakers, in order to effect separation. Previously (Reyes-Gomez, M.J. et al., Proc. ICASSP, 2003), we presented a maximum-likelihood speaker separation technique that utilizes detailed statistical information about the signals to be separated, represented in the form of hidden Markov models (HMMs), to estimate the parameters of a filter-and-sum processor for signal separation. We show that the filters that are estimated for a particular utterance by a speaker generalize well to other utterances by the same speaker, provided the location of the various speakers remains constant. Thus, filters that have been estimated using a "training" utterance of a known transcript can be used to separate all future signals by the speaker from mixtures of speech signals in an unsupervised manner. On the other hand, the filters are ineffective for other speakers, even at the same locations, indicating that they capture the spatio-frequency characteristics of the speaker.