Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
HIGH-TEMPERATURE RADICAL GROWTH IN THE HYDROGEN-OXYGEN COUNTERFLOW MIXING LAYER

Introduction. The counter ow mixing layer has been widely used to investigate the interactions between ow eld and chemistry in nonpremixed combustion. The steady reacting solutions in such a con guration can be characterized by the peak temperature as a function of the strain rate, giving an S-shape curve whose upper and lower turning points represent conditions for extinction and ignition, respectively [1]. A number of analytical and numerical studies have been performed on the ignition of steady hydrogen-oxygen systems in recent years, with both reduced and detailed chemistry [2]{[5]. Theoretical analyses in the high-temperature regime [3, 5] have shown that, for temperatures above the crossover value (the temperature at which the rate of the main radical-branching step, H + O2 ! OH + O, equals that of the main radical-recombination step, H + O2 + M ! HO2 + M), ignition emerges as a bifurcation from the chemically frozen branch when the Damk ohler number, , based on the time scales of the strain rate and the relevant branching reaction, is increased to a critical value, c, of order unity. It was also found that, for su ciently high temperatures, the bifurcation becomes supercritical, a behavior also observed in numerical calculations [2, 4]. In contrast, relatively few studies have dealt with unsteady ignition histories in strained mixing layers [9, 10]. These analyses employ a simple Arrhenius reaction rate, and thus ignition is described by thermal runaway. However, ignition in the high-temperature hydrogen-air mixing layer for > c exhibits a more complex behavior. After a short initial period controlled by the initiation reactions, the solution undergoes a chain-branching explosion in which the radical pool increases exponentially with time. The ignition stage is completed as the radicals reach mole fractions of order unity, for which the branching reactions attain partial equilibrium. Further development of the solution involves radical recombination and signi cant heat release, eventually leading to the establishment of a di usion ame. The in uence of the ow eld on the spontaneous ignition history of a turbulent H2-O2 mixing layer was recently investigated through a direct simulation with detailed chemistry [8]. It was found that the variation in ignition delay time is very small for a wide range of turbulence intensities, including a case where the eddy turnover time is approximately one third of the ignition delay. This largescale numerical study, however, is limited to only a few ow conditions, and thus lacks a complete parametric description of the issue. Therefore, in this paper we consider the unsteady evolution of the high-temperature hydrogen-air laminar counter ow mixing layer under a wide range of the constant strain rates, a. The initial conditions are chosen as those of the nonreacting mixing layer, by suppressing all the reactions. The analysis provides the ignition delay as a function of the strain rate, thereby allowing for a more concrete description of the ignition response under a wide range of ow conditions.
Biological activity of palmitoylcarnitine in prostate cancer

Acylcarnitines are intermediates of fatty acid oxidation and accumulate as a result of a metabolic defect. Accumulation of palmitoylcarnitine (palcar), a long-chain acylcarnitine, has been observed in diabetes mellitus type II, obesity and kidney cancer. Certain dietary intervention studies have been shown to reduce serum and urinary levels of acylcarnitines. It was shown that palcar accumulates in prostate cancer tissue, possibly indicative of the metabolic changes associated with cancer development, but that palcar at high concentrations may have activities that could be associated with cancer development. Through the use of cancerous (PC3, DU145) and non-cancerous (PNT1A, BPH) cell models, it was shown that high levels of palcar could induce gene expression of the inflammatory cytokine IL-6, and induce its secretion in PC3 cells. This was associated with the rapid influx of Ca2+. Through the use of various metabolic inhibitors, it was shown that Ca2+ influx includes the activation of G-protein coupled receptors, L-type Ca2+ channels and PI3K pathway. However, it was shown through the use of global gene arrays that lower levels of palcar with uncorrected P value induced many changes in gene expression in PNT1A cells. A comparison with the global changes induced by DHT, an androgen linked to prostate cancer progression, revealed a significant overlap in activity between palcar and DHT, suggesting that palcar may have a potential role in promoting cancer progression. In PC3 cells through the use of real time RT-PCR palcar was shown to induce glycolysis. In conclusion, it is suggested that palcar may represent a potential biomarker of the metabolic dysfunction associated with prostate cancer. At physiological levels palcar had no effects on the prostate cancer cells, however, at high levels palcar drive tumour development through inducing key inflammatory cytokine and inducing changes in gene expression associated with glycolysis.
Clinical Characteristics and Mortality of Obstetric Patients Admitted to a Tertiary Intensive Care Unit in the Brazilian Northeast

Objectives: This study aimed to analyze the determinants of hospitalization and death in an intensive care unit (ICU) between pregnant and postpartum women. Materials and Methods: This is a quantitative and retrospective documentary research performed at Dr. César Cals Hospital. Data was collected through the analysis of charts obtained from puerperal or pregnant women admitted to the ICU. Results: Regarding the type of delivery, 41 (73.2%) women had a cesarean section (CS) and, considering the outcome, the majority of the patients (51%) were discharged from the hospi-tal. Comparing the admission diagnosis and the outcome, it was revealed that many patients presented more than one diagnosis at the admission, the highest rate of which was the hyper-tensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) and complications comprising of 23 (38.3%) patients out of which 4 of them died. Sepsis was the second cause of hospitalization including 17 (28.3%) patients. In addition, 11 (18.3%) patients had hemorrhaged. Moreover, there were 2 death reports related to fulminant hepatitis. Conclusions: It is expected that the results of the present study contribute to the extension of the professionals’ knowledge on the subject, collaborating to prevent hospitalization and death of these patients.
Preparation of Second-Step Ferritin-F ( ab ' ) 2 Conjugates by Solid Phase Coupling

The bovine exocrine pancreatic cell produces a variety of enzymes and proenzymes for export. Biochemical studies by Greene L. J., C. H. Hirs, and G. E. Palade (J. Biol. Chem. 1963. 238:2054) have shown that the mass proportions of several of these proteins in resting pancreatic juice and zymogen granule fractions are identical. In this study we have used immunocytochemical techniques at the electron microscope level to determine whether regional differences exist in the bovine gland with regard to production of individual secretory proteins and whether specialization of product handling occurs at the subcellular level. The technique used is a modification of one previously reported (McLean, J. D., and S. J. Singer. 1970. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 65:122; Kraehenbuhl, J. P., and J. D. Jamieson. 1972. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 69:1771) in which immunocytochemical reagents are applied to thin sections of bovine serum albumin-imbedded tissue and zymogen granule fractions. A double antibody technique was used in which the first step consisted of rabbit F(ab')2 antibovine secretory protein and the detection step consisted of sheep F(ab')~ antirabbit F(ab')2 conjugated to ferritin. The results showed that all exocrine cells in the gland, and all zymogen granules and Golgi cisternae in each cell, were qualitatively alike with regard to their content of secretory proteins examined (trypsinogen, chymotrypsinogen A, carboxypeptidase A, RNase, and DNase). The data suggest that these secretory proteins are transported through the cisternae of the Golgi complex where they are intermixed before copackaging in zymogen granules; passage through the Golgi complex is apparently obligatory for these (and likely all) secretory proteins, and is independent of extent of glycosylation, e.g., trypsinogen, a nonglycoprotein vs. DNase, a glycoprotein. Over the past three decades the enzymatic and biochemical properties of secretory proteins from the mammalian exocrine pancreas have been studied extensively (e.g., see references 5, 9, 15, 23, 31). As a consequence, we now have a reasonably detailed catalogue of the secretory products of this gland. Perhaps the most detailed accounting has been carded out on the guinea pig gland which produces at least 19 different polypeptide chains, 13 of which have been characterized with regard to enzymatic activity (31). At the same time, numerous studies on the intracellular processing and mechanism of discharge of exportable proteins from the guinea pig exocrine pancreas have been carried out (summarized in references 14, 27). These investigations 406 THE JOURNAL OF CELL BIOLOGY 9 VOLUME 72, 1977 9 pages 406-423 on April 29, 2019 jcb.rupress. org Downloaded from http://doi.org/10.1083/jcb.72. 2.406 Published Online: 1 February, 1977 | Supp Info:
I I . SPECIFICITY AND NATURE OF RECEPTORS ON DINITROPHENYLATED GUINEA PIG ALBUMIN-125I-BINDING LYMPHOCYTES OF NORMAL GUINEA PIGS

The existence of cell-associated antigen-binding receptors is central to selective theories of the immune response. Clonal selection theories further postulate that individual immunocompetent cells are committed, before their initial antigen contact, to respond to a limited range of antigens and that the commitment is expressed by the existence of surface antigen-binding receptors of a single specificity (1-3). Direct evidence that such precommitted lymphocytes exist and bear detectable amounts of antigen-binding receptors has been obtained recently by several independent methods. Passage of lymphoid cells from nonimmunized mice over columns of glass beads to which a given antigen has been adsorbed diminishes the ability of the recovered cells to adoptively transfer primary immune responsiveness to that antigen to irradiated syngeneic mice (4). Similarly, incubation of lymphoid cells from nonimmune mice with radioiodinated antigens of high specific activity causes a specific diminution in the capacity of these cell populations to transfer responsiveness to that antigen to irradiated recipients (5). In the former instance, specific cells are believed to bind to glass bead-associated antigen by virtue of their receptors; in the latter case, the binding of highly radioactive antigen to the cell surface is thought to result in the death of the cell. Both methods appear to remove a class of antigen-specific cells by virtue of the fact that such cells possess a given antigen-binding receptor. I t has also been demonstrated that nonimmune animals possess small numbers of lymphoid cells which bind a given radioactive antigen to their surface and which can be visualized and enumerated by radioautography. Among the antigens for which such cells have already been demonstrated are bovine serum albumin (6), hemocyanin (7), flagellin (7), and a synthetic branched polypeptide consisting of iodotyrosine, glutamic acid, DL alanine, and lysine (8). Studies on flagellin antigen-binding cells of mice strongly suggest that the surface binding is dependent on cell-bound immunoglobulin, largely of the IgM type (9). We have examined antigen-binding lymphocytes of guinea pigs with a view to defining the specificity and nature of the membrane-bound antigen receptors existing on various classes of immunocompetent lymphocytes. The first paper (10) of this series demonstrated that, in guinea pigs immunized to dinitrophenylated guinea pig albumin (DNP-GPA), 1 cells which mediate a cellular immune response (i.e. in vitro antigen-
Histomorphological development of prenatal liver in non-descript Indian buffalo

Fetuses (18) ranging from 46 to 323 days (3.8 em CRL to 110.6 cm CRL) of age were collected and divided into 3 groups, viz. group 1 (46 days to 105 days; 3,8 to 16,9 cm CRL) consisting 01'7 fetuses, group 2 (124 days to 158 days; 22.5 to 37.5 cm CRL) consisting of5 fetuses and group 3 (158 days to 323 days; 41 to 110.6 cm CRL) consisting of 6 fetuses. The capsule and stroma of liver in group I was composed of immature collagen and reticular fibres with some mesenchymal cells, while that ofgroups 2 and 3 were made up of matured collagen and reticular fibres. The thickness ofthe capsule in groups 2 and 3 was measured 2I. I I±1.3 I jlm and 32. I2±5.92 jlm respectively, Hepatic lobulation was first observed in the liver at 136 days (27.5 cm CRL) with the formation of central vein. Typical arrangement of hepatocytes resembling the histological profile ofthe adult liver was seen at 176 days (45.5 cm CRL). The shape ofthe hepatocytes in all age groups ranged from polyhedral to elliptical. Their nuclei were centrally located and were rounded to oval having one or more prominent nucleoli. The hepatic vesicles were seen in all age groups. The hemoblastic cells were seen in between the parenchyma in fetuses 46 days (3.8 em CRL). At 74 days (10.1 cm CRL) the hemoblastic cells become intra sinusoidal. Gradual declines of hemoblastic cell with concomitantly decrease in Kupffer cell was seen from the later part of group 2.
Automated image analysis of bladder washing for the early detection of bladder cancer

In approximately 80% of bladder cancer patients the disease starts as a superficial, i.e. non-invasive, lesion in the bladder mucosa (Abel et al., 1988). These so-called Ta and T1 tumours show a tendency to recur in 30-90% of casesduring follow up after treatment of the primary tumour (Soloway, 1988). Moreover, 15% of patients finally suffer from invasive, often lethal forms of bladder cancer (Rubben et al., 1990). To predict which superficial cancers will invade, tumour markers have been tested. In this review we discuss the use of quantitative cytology documentation systems for the follow up of patients with superficialbladder cancer.
Benzene-exposed Workers in China

1Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland; 21nstitute of Occupational Medicine, Chinese Academy of Preventive Medicine, Beijing, China; 3Section of Hematopathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; 4Division of Hematology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing University School of Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
Biographical disruption and factors facilitating overcoming it

In the paper the concept “biographical disruption” is interpreted as a process that includes significant changes in the course of an individual's life and biography as the perception and interpretation of the life course. As the central concept of the paper, biographical disruption is analyzed as having been brought about by an inherited heightened risk of breast cancer or ovarian cancer. The paper has examined the influence of the inherited breast cancer genes BRCA1 and BRCA2 on the development of biographical disruption. The empirical research data used for the study were obtained from the interdisciplinary research project “Creation of a new interdisciplinary research team to investigate breast cancer and to increase the efficacy of therapy and the patient's quality of life” (agreement No. 2009/0230/1DP/1.1.1.2.0/09/APIA/VIAA/070). In studying and analyzing the possibilities of overcoming a biographical disruption, the conclusion is that this depends on the individual's own biographical work, or narrative reconstruction and various types of social support.
STUDIES ON INDUCED VARIATION THROUGH COLCHICINE TREATMENT IN AFRICAN WHITE MARIGOLD

Colchicine at 0.0%, 0.5%, 1.0%, 1.5%, 2.0% and 2.5% was used for induction of variation through polyploidy in marigold by two methods viz. seed treatment and root treatment during 2016. Significant variation was observed between seed treatment method and root treatment method for all the traits studied. In seed treatment method colchiploid plants survived in all the concentration, but in root treatment method colchiploid plants survived only upto 1.5% concentration. The plants were not able to withstand the higher concentration of colchicines when roots were treated. The traits related to stomata, guard cell and pollen grain served as useful indicator for induction of variation through polyploidy. Frequency of stomata and pollen grain decreased with the increase in concentration of colchicines. On the contrary the size of stomata and guard cell in terms of length and breadth and pollen grain size on terms of diameter increased with increase in concentration. In addition treated plants were having larger and thick leaves with deep green pigmentation as compared to the untreated control. Maximum number of types of variation were recorded in 0.5% colchicine in both seed and root treatment method. Seed treatment method was found to be more efficient than root treatment method in inducing variation through polyploidy. Seeds soaked in colchicine solution at 0.5% concentration for 12 hrs was found most effective in inducing large number of variants types. The variant plants scored on the basis of stomatal, guard cell and pollen grain traits were labeled and harvested separately for further confirmation and evaluation.
The feasibility of using body proportions in Western Australian varanids (Varanus) as a method for determining a specimen's sex

The literature suggests that varanids are sexually dimorphic based on an array of morphometric variables. Brana (1996) reports that for lacertid lizards, size-corrected abdominal length is always larger in females and head lengths are always larger in males. Thompson and Withers (1997) reported a similar trend for some Western Australian varanids. This study examined the possibility of using a ratio of abdominal length and head length to determine the sex of varanids caught in the field. Although there are statistically significant differences in the mean ratio of abdominal length and head length for males and females for seven species of varanids in the subgenus Odatria, overlap in the ratio between males and females is too large for this to be a useful measure by itself. This ratio might, however, be useful when combined with other techniques (such as everting hemipenes) to improve the probability of determining the sex of wild-caught specimens. Ratios of abdominal length and head length for varanids in the subgenus Varanus do not differ between sexes. Sexing varanids in the field can be a problem. Often males of some large varanid species (e.g., Varanus gouldii or V. mertensi) will evert their hemipenes when they are first caught, clearly indicating that these specimens are males. However, if a particular specimen does not show its hemipenes one can not assume it is a female, as it could be a male that did not evert its hemipenes. Placing pressure on the ventral surface of the tail near where the distal end of where the hemipenes would be and moving the pressure forward can often forcibly evert hemipenes. With practice, this can be a useful method of determining the sex of varanids in the field. However, it has the same problem as alluded to earlier, if a hemipenis is not everted then you can not be confident that the specimen is a female. For some larger species (e.g., V. mertensi) hemipenes cannot be everted with pressure applied by the fingers. Reliance on eversion of hemipenes can also be a problem for the inexperienced field worker because of the existence of hemiclitores in females. For some species these structures are partly eversible, and may be quite large (Ziegler and B6hme,1997) and can easily be confused with hemipenes.
Clinical Outcomes and Osteoarthritis at Very Long-term Follow-up After ACL Reconstruction: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Background: Few studies on outcomes after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction (ACLR) have provided insight into the very long-term effects of this procedure. Purpose: To systematically review the outcomes, failure rate, incidence, and predictors of osteoarthritis (OA) for different ACLR techniques at a minimum 20-year follow-up. Study Design: Systematic review; Level of evidence, 4. Methods: A search of the PubMed, SCOPUS, and Cochrane databases was performed on June 2020 for studies of patients who underwent ACLR and had a minimum follow-up of 20 years. We extracted data on patient and surgical characteristics, patient-reported outcomes (Lysholm score, subjective International Knee Documentation Committee [IKDC] score, Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score [KOOS], and Tegner score), clinical outcomes (IKDC grade, pivot shift, Lachman, and KT-1000 laxity), degree of OA (Kellgren-Lawrence, Ahlbäck, and IKDC OA grading), revisions, and failures. Relative risk (RR) of OA between the operated and contralateral knees was calculated as well as the pooled rate of revisions, failures, and conversion to total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Results: Included were 16 studies (N = 1771 patients; mean age, 24.8 years; mean follow-up, 22.7 years); 80% of the patients underwent single-bundle bone–patellar tendon–bone (BPTB) reconstruction. The average Lysholm (89.3), IKDC (78.6), and KOOS subscale scores were considered satisfactory. Overall, 33% of patients had “abnormal” or “severely abnormal” objective IKDC grade, 6.7% had KT-1000 laxity difference of ≥5 mm, 9.4% had Lachman ≥2+, and 6.4% had pivot shift ≥2+. Signs of OA were reported in 73.3% of patients, whereas severe OA was reported in 12.8%. The operated knee had a relative OA risk of 2.8 (P < .001) versus the contralateral knee. Identified risk factors for long-term OA were male sex, older age at surgery, delayed ACLR, meniscal or cartilage injuries, BPTB autograft, lateral plasty, nonideal tunnel placement, residual laxity, higher postoperative activity, and postoperative range of motion deficits. Overall, 7.9% of patients underwent revision, and 13.4% of ACLRs were considered failures. TKA was performed in 1.1% of patients. Conclusion: Most patients had satisfactory subjective outcomes 20 years after ACLR; however, abnormal anteroposterior or rotatory laxity was found in nearly 10% of cases. The presence of radiographic OA was high (RR 2.8 vs uninjured knee), especially in patients with concomitant meniscal or cartilage injuries, older age, and delayed surgery; however, severe OA was present in only 12.8% of cases, and TKA was required in only 1.1%.