Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Home and school factors in early English language development

ABSTRACT The current study explored the home and school factors that are important for Singaporean pre-schoolers’ (N = 1440) early English development from K1 to P1. Language input quantity and quality factors at home (e.g., number of English books,) and at school (e.g., instructional support in class) were used to predict children’s English vocabulary and word reading development using linear mixed-effects models. Children’s internal factors (e.g., non-verbal reasoning) were controlled. The results revealed that children who had more English input and higher input quality at home demonstrated faster receptive vocabulary growth. Children’s word reading skill was more influenced by the English input quality at home. Children who were frequently read to in English demonstrated faster development in word reading competence. Mother’s educational level also mattered: higher maternal education was associated with faster growth in reading skill. The length of time children stayed at school and teachers’ qualification also significantly and positively associated with children’s English learning. These findings indicate the substantial contribution of the home literacy environment to Singaporean children’s early English language development, compared to the quality of teacher-child interactions in preschool. The necessity of more parental involvement in early English language learning at home is discussed under the realm of usage-based theory.
Effect of data environment and cognitive ability on participants’ attitude towards data governance

Data governance has received research attention, but its effect on public attitude has not been sufficiently explored. To analyse the attitude towards public participation in data governance in the context of a tourism platform, we conduct an empirical model that aims to understand the impact of data governance environment and participants’ cognitive ability on attitude. Taking tourism sharing platforms as an example, we collected 339 questionnaires for data analysis. Results show that data quality and website design have a positive effect on users’ attitude towards data governance through data literacy self-efficacy. Data literacy self-efficacy has a suppression effect between data quality and attitude towards data governance and has the same effect between website design and attitude towards data governance. Data quality and website design have a positive effect on users’ attitude towards data governance through platform interaction. Platform interactivity plays a mediating role between data quality and attitude towards data governance and has the same effect between website design and attitude towards data governance. Data policy has a positive effect on users’ data literacy self-efficacy but no significant effect on platform interactivity. Moreover, this study provides theoretical and practical implications that can guide the government in policy implementation and platform managers in data governance.
IDENTITY CONSTRUCTION AND CLASSROOM PARTICIPATION OF AN INDONESIAN GRADUATE STUDENT IN AN AUSTRALIAN UNIVERSITY

This narrative study explores identity construction and classroom participation of an Indonesian female student who attended a master’s program in TESOL in an Australian university. Grounded from identity and investment frameworks (Norton, 2000) and situated learning theory (Lave & Wenger, 1991), the study specifically probes into the changing identity construction across time shaped by the participant’s involvement in the community of practice. Data analysis followed Polkinghorne’s (1995) categorical procedure and Connelly and Clandinin’s (2006) three-dimensional space of narrative inquiry. The findings portray gradual and complex identity construction mediated by the participant’s agentive classroom participation. It was also found that the participant’s identity evolved across time together with a movement from peripheral to full participation. This study informs that L2 learning is dependent on social, emotional, cultural, and situated practices depicted in L2 learner’s classroom participation. It also highlights the need for incorporating narrative inquiry to understand multiple, subjective, and conflicting values in L2 learning and other educational contexts.
MEASUREMENT AND CORRELATION OF SOLUBILITY OF CAFFEINE IN WATER AND ETHANOL

The solubility of caffeine in water and ethanol at 0—50℃ was measured using the laser method. The results were regressed with an empirical equation and simplified EOS correlation. A 2-2-1 backpropagation (BP) artificial neural network (ANN) model was selected from many other models. The prediction of interpolation and extrapolation of the data was made with trained 2-2-1 BP ANN model. The result was satisfactory.
Simultaneous CO2 and O2 Supersaturation in Waters of Southern Patagonia? The Importance of Evaluating Overall Carbonate System Parameters Uncertainty and External Consistency. A Comment to Vargas et al.,  2018

Vargas and collaborators (Vargas et al., 2018), therein V2018, reported measurements of pH, total alkalinity (AT), dissolved inorganic carbon (CT), dissolved oxygen (DO) and other hydrographic variables along a portion of the Strait of Magellan and associated fjords during the spring of 2010. Using the measured values of AT and pH to calculate the partial pressure of CO2 (pCO2), they showed that DO supersaturated waters in the upper 50 m depth were often associated with pCO2 higher than atmospheric CO2 levels. Here we show that this anomalous pattern arises because V2018′s carbonate system parameters were apparently incorrectly calculated, resulting in positively biased pCO2 values. AT measurements in this layer were often higher than the marine end‐member, which could indicate an additional source of bias. Biased carbonate system parameters used by V2018 imply a sub‐estimation of the capacity of CO2 uptake, with important consequences for local capacity to modulate the potential deleterious effects of freshening and ocean acidification on fjord biota. The critical analysis of the global sources of uncertainty in carbonate‐system parameters, and evaluation of internal and external consistency (i.e., with complementary hydrographic information or with previous reports), are necessary to detect bias, and generate data with sufficient quality to study the effect of ocean acidification on marine ecosystems (GOA‐ON, 2019).
Social network position predicts male mating success in a small passerine

Abstract Individuals differ in the quantity and quality of their associations with conspecifics. The resulting variation in the positions that individuals occupy within their social environment can affect several aspects of life history, including reproduction. While research increasingly shows how social factors can predict dyadic mating patterns (who will breed with whom), much less is known about how an individual’s social position affects its overall likelihood to acquire mating partner(s). We studied social networks of socially monogamous blue tits (Cyanistes caeruleus) to investigate whether the number and strength of connections to opposite-sex conspecifics, the ratio between same- and opposite-sex connections, and the tendency to move between social groups in the months prior to breeding affect individuals’ success in acquiring 1) a breeding partner and 2) an extrapair partner. After controlling for differences in spatial location, we show that males that moved more often between social groups were more likely to acquire a breeding partner. Moreover, adult males that associated with more females were more likely to sire extrapair young. The number of female associates also predicted the proportion of familiar female breeding neighbors, suggesting that familiarity among neighbors may facilitate opportunities for extrapair matings. In females, none of the network metrics significantly predicted the likelihood of acquiring a breeding or extrapair partner. Our study suggests that the positioning of males within their social environment prior to breeding can translate into future mating success, adding an important new dimension to studies of (extrapair) mating behavior.
Assessing Awareness about Volta Basin Authority, Code of Conduct and Water Governance Challenges in the Volta Basin

River basin organizations have taken shape in different parts of Africa partly under the influence of international aid institutions that aimed to help prevent water conflicts among basin countries. The code of conduct and the Volta Basin Authority (VBA) exemplify one of most recent efforts to collaboratively govern a major transboundary basin of western Africa. The question, however, remains as to the extent to which culturally diverse local communities can be mobilized and integrated in water governance. No study has clarified this point. This paper, therefore, attempts to better understand local stakeholders’ perceptions and needs to collaboratively govern transboundary water between Ghana and Burkina Faso. For this research, we conducted preliminary field visits and questionnaire surveys in both countries. We found that 84% of the respondents in Burkina Faso and 91% in Ghana did not know about the VBA. Some respondents, especially educated ones in both countries, did hear about the code of conduct. Regarding local needs for water governance, most respondents in Ghana expressed concerns about frequent flooding due to Bagre Dam spillage in upstream Burkina Faso that devastated their farms. This research then discusses how transboundary water governance in the Volta River Basin can be improved in the future.
Gastroprotective effect of Berberis vulgaris on ethanol-induced gastric mucosal injury: Histopathological evaluations

Objective: Modern treatment of peptic ulcers includes antibacterial and gastroprotective medications. However, current anti-ulcer drugs possess severe side effects. Therefore, all attempts to find new effective medications free from side effects are justified. Though Berberis vulgaris is a medicinal plant commonly used for the treatment of numerous disorders, gastroprotective effect of its leaf extract was not investigated before. Materials and Methods: Gastric ulcer was modelled in Sprague-Dawley rats after treatment with B. vulgaris leaf extract containing 0.07% of alkaloids, 0.48% of flavonoids and 8.05% of tanning substances, 10 or 50 mg of dry extract/kg, changes in the stomach mucosa were assessed semi-quantitatively, and the gastric wall was evaluated for prostaglandin E2 level using ELISA and assessed histologically by calculation of the lesion index. Results: B. vulgaris leaf extract at the dose of 50 mg/kg reduced the macroscopic ulcer score and the microscopic lesion index, increased prostaglandin E2 concentration in the gastric wall significantly higher than atropine and B. vulgaris leaf extract 10 mg/kg. Conclusion: The gastroprotective effect of the high dose of B. vulgaris leaf extract may be due to stimulation of prostaglandin E2 secretion in the stomach, and anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory properties of polyphenolic complex of flavonoids and tannins present in the leaves of this plant.
Consumer’s Justification Towards (Un)Sustainable Consumption: Exploring Attitudes Among Urmia Citizens, Iran

Consumer’s Justification Towards (Un)Sustainable Consumption: Exploring Attitudes Among Urmia Citizens, Iran. This study argues that individuals’ consumption patterns should be considered as consequences of the production and reproduction of the public sphere settings that are affected by dominant social, political and cultural structures. Hence, we are aimed to study how a combination of social and individual mechanisms influences (un)sustainable consumption behaviors? The purposive sampling was utilized and data was generated from 20 in-depth semi-structured interviews in Urmia, Iran. Data analyzing revealed 17 subcategories and five main categories including faded trust, deliberate negligence, commoditized human bonding, material self-identification and mental discharge that finally lead to the nuclear category of the study; reflexive consumption. Each main extracted category corresponds to one aspect of consumption. By studying socio-individual reasons for the dominant consumption patterns, this study contributes to obtaining a better understanding of the impacts of social mechanisms in creating (un)sustainable consumption patterns among the target sample. Sociológia 2021, Vol. 53 (No. 3: 203-224) https://doi.org/10.31577/sociologia.2021. 53.3. 7
Dharavi Slums (Mumbai, India): The Petri Dish of COVID-19 Herd Immunity

The first and second serosurvey results of COVID-19 antibodies in Dharavi and Cuffe Parade slums (Mumbai, India) were studied. The seroprevalence data of the slums explained the zero novel coronavirus cases reported in the slum dwellers verified first in real on the ground the concept of much needed herd immunity against the pandemic. First serosurvey data showed that more than half (57%) of the population of Dharavi was infected with the virus. The antibodies were waned off in two month time and diminished to 45%, as found in the second survey conducted after two months of the first survey. The antibodies prevalence was highest at 75% in Cuffe Parade slums of Mumbai. Initially, Dharavi slums were a hotspot of novel coronavirus which later became nearly a no-new infection zone. The herd immunity acquired in Dharavi residents stopped the new infection. One million Dharavi slum dwellers living in a crowded semi-isolated cluster mimic the petri-dish model of a human population which is now a near COVID-19 free zone due to the presence of antibodies in the residents. The infection rate in Maharashtra, India, and Dharavi slums was compared. The concept of herd immunity that occurred on the ground in real has been first established. The research is very useful to vaccinate populations to eradicate the pandemic from the globe.
A comparison of triploid and diploid Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) performance and welfare under commercial farming conditions in Norway

ABSTRACT Avoiding genetic interactions between wild and farmed Atlantic salmon is regarded as one of the major requirements for a sustainable salmon aquaculture industry. For this reason, farming functional sterile triploids has been suggested as a possible solution. However, knowledge about how triploids cope under commercial conditions is lacking. In the present study, we compared the performance of diploid and triploid Atlantic salmon among four Norwegian aquaculture companies. Diploid and triploid groups of the same genetic line were farmed in western, mid, and northern Norway under commercial conditions from seawater transfer until slaughter.Overall, triploid salmon exhibited reduced survival, higher incidence of emaciated fish, and scored, on average, a lower quality rating during primary processing. The results highlight the need for further research on how to improve the welfare and performance of triploid salmon in commercial aquaculture operations.
Fertility Postponement between Social Context and Biological Reality: The Case of Serbia

Fertility Postponement between Social Context and Biological Reality: The Case of Serbia. This paper reflects some views on the biological background of fertility tempo and its demographic consequences. Assumptions are tested on Serbian fertility data, based on deductive conclusions and by applying the demographic method. Due to decreasing odds for conception as well as for a live birth pregnancy outcome with a woman’s age, the changing of the age-pattern of fertility in Serbia has led to fewer births, and has revealed the negative influence of a dispersion of births outside of an optimal reproductive age on fertility rates. This article summarizes findings about social context of fertility postponement and agerelated infertility in women and clarifies the biologically driven demographic consequences of childbirth postponement on the total number of births and total fertility rate. Sociológia 2021, Vol. 53 (No. 3: 309-336) https://doi.org/10.31577/sociologia.2021. 53.3. 12
HVdc Circuit Breakers: Prospects and Challenges

The integration of offshore wind farms has revitalized the interest in multi–terminal high voltage direct current (M–HVdc) transmission grids. HVdc breakers’ importance has increased as M–HVdc grids are now a commercial truth. Several HVdc circuit breaker technologies have been developed, published, and appeared as prototypes for HVdc networks. This paper summarizes the HVdc breaker technologies from the last two decades, distributed mainly in literature. A comparison of various state–of–the–art HVdc breakers is presented. Further, areas are identified where further research and development are required. The goal is to provide primary challenges and prospects in the HVdc breaker field.
Students’ Perception of Online Learning During Covid-19: An Evidence from University of Muhammadiyah Banda Aceh, Indonesia

The pandemic of Coronavirus has influenced all levels of education in the whole world. This impact forces the Ministry of Education to switch from traditional education to online education. As a result, educators must run this policy to teach the classroom and students must adapt to this situation. This research aimed to find out students’ perception of online learning during the Coronavirus pandemic. This research employed the qualitative design and used the survey method to distribute the questionnaires. The object of this research was twenty-seven students of the English Department, University of Muhammadiyah Aceh. The obtained data was analyzed through descriptive analysis to see how online class is perceived by students during the pandemic. The result of this research shows that the students share the positive perceptions toward online learning during the Coronavirus pandemic. The finding also displays the hesitation of students in deciding the problem faced in having the online class.
Muscle weakness and wasting in pediatric critical illness

: Muscle weakness and wasting is increasingly recognized as a problem in children admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU). Muscle weakness and wasting could potentially affect a child’s function and development, imposing a burden on the child and their families. We aimed to summarize the literature on muscle weakness and wasting in critically ill children, discuss methods to measure muscle changes as well as areas for future research. Intensive care unit weakness in children has been reported through numerous case reports and a cohort study. These papers demonstrated that muscle weakness can be persistent in critically ill children, with reduced strength reported even after hospital discharge. A prevalence of approximately 2% has been reported in critically ill children, lower than that reported in adults. This may be related to an under-detection of muscle weakness in critically ill children, as identification of muscle weakness and wasting in critically ill children can be challenging. Some methods that have been used to assess muscle changes in critically ill children include arm muscle circumference derived from triceps skinfold thickness and upper-arm circumference, ultrasound-derived limb and diaphragm muscle size, lean body mass from bioelectrical impedance analysis. Using these methods, various patterns have been reported including increase, decrease and no change in muscle. However, studies have not explored the relationship between muscle changes and function. Evidence suggests that there is heterogeneity in the muscle changes that critically ill children may experience. Future research may need to consider differences in age, illness severity and body composition in interpreting changes in muscle size and strength in critically ill children. Importantly, understanding the role of nutrition and physical rehabilitation in relation to muscle changes and function is an important direction in optimizing long-term outcomes in critically ill children.
Why open government data initiatives fail to achieve their objectives: categorizing and prioritizing barriers through a global survey

Purpose Existing overviews of barriers for openly sharing and using government data are often conceptual or based on a limited number of cases. Furthermore, it is unclear what categories of barriers are most obstructive for attaining open data objectives. This paper aims to categorize and prioritize barriers for openly sharing and using government data based on many existing Open Government Data Initiatives (OGDIs). Design/methodology/approach This study analyzes 171 survey responses concerning existing OGDIs worldwide. Findings The authors found that the most critical OGDI barrier categories concern (in order of most to least critical): functionality and support; inclusiveness; economy, policy and process; data interpretation; data quality and resources; legislation and access; and sustainability. Policymakers should prioritize solving functionality and support barriers and inclusiveness barriers because the authors found that these are the most obstructive in attaining OGDI objectives. Practical implications The prioritization of open data barriers calls for three main actions by practitioners to reduce the barrier impact: open data portal developers should develop advanced tools to support data search, analysis, visualization, interpretation and interaction; open data experts and teachers should train potential users, and especially those currently excluded from OGDIs because of a lack of digital skills; and government agencies that provide open data should put user-centered design and the user experience central to better support open data users. Originality/value This study contributes to the open data literature by proposing a new, empirically based barrier categorization and prioritization based a large number of existing OGDIs.
Flooding Conditions at Aveiro Port (Portugal) within the Framework of Projected Climate Change

Ports constitute a significant influence in the economic activity in coastal areas through operations and infrastructures to facilitate land and maritime transport of cargo. Ports are located in a multi-dimensional environment facing ocean and river hazards. Higher warming scenarios indicate Europe’s ports will be exposed to higher risk due to the increase in extreme sea levels (ESL), a combination of the mean sea level, tide, and storm surge. Located on the west Iberia Peninsula, the Aveiro Port is located in a coastal lagoon exposed to ocean and river flows, contributing to higher flood risk. This study aims to assess the flood extent for Aveiro Port for historical (1979–2005), near future (2026–2045), and far future (2081–2099) periods scenarios considering different return periods (10, 25, and 100-year) for the flood drivers, through numerical simulations of the ESL, wave regime, and riverine flows simultaneously. Spatial maps considering the flood extent and calculated area show that most of the port infrastructures’ resilience to flooding is found under the historical period, with some marginal floods. Under climate change impacts, the port flood extent gradually increases for higher return periods, where most of the terminals are at high risk of being flooded for the far-future period, whose contribution is primarily due to mean sea-level rise and storm surges.
What Can We Learn About Research on Parental Involvement in School? Bibliometric and Thematic Analyses of Academic Journals

We present an empirical overview of current research in the area of parental involvement (PI) based on a bibliometric analysis of 544 articles published between 2014 and 2018, and a thematic review of 39 of the Q1-journal articles in the sample, which contributed to a more detailed illustration of the knowledge base of PI research. The findings reveal an ongoing increase in the intensity of research in five distinct foci. The research is shown to be largely urban- and US-centric and dominated by diverse psychological and sociological perspectives. Implications and avenues for future research have been suggested.