Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Lower Cambrian transgression and glauconite-phosphate facies in western Europe

Facies models and successions are outlined for the North American, Avalon, Baltic, Armorican and S European platforms, showing that glauconite and apatite formed partly behind carbonate barriers but mostly on ocean-facing shelves. Phosphogenic rhythms on the Avalon and Baltic platforms are related to transgressions and regressions while the Cambrian phosphogenic episode may be linked with invertebrate evolution, phytoplankton blooms and a rise in the O2 minimum.
The evolution of the magmatic plumbing system associated with the Franklin Large Igneous Province(Victoria Island, Arctic Canada)

This thesis is an investigation of the magmatic processes that operated in the plumbing system of the Franklin Large Igneous Province (LIP). The Franklin LIP (~723-716 Ma) extends >2500 km across northern Canada and is superbly exposed in the Minto Inlier of Victoria Island. The exposed plumbing system is dominated by sills, with subordinate fault-guided feeder dykes. Locally, sills are characterised by olivine-enriched bases, with overlying doleritic gabbros. One example is the Lower Pyramid Sill. This sill was investigated in detail using petrography, whole-rock chemistry and in-situ mineral chemistry. Petrological and geochemical observations, combined with inverse melt modelling show that the olivine-enriched layer formed by olivine slurry replenishment into a resident gabbroic mush. In contrast, the overlying gabbros formed by in-situ differentiation. Intervening clinopyroxene-rich cumulates formed by a metasomatic reaction between different pore melts. The study emphasises that both slurry emplacement and in-situ differentiation played a role in the formation of cumulate layering in this sill. Sections examined through the same sill along strike, collectively termed the Fort Collinson Sill Complex, reveal that the olivine slurry propagated >50 km downstream. Radiogenic and stable isotope data support this interpretation. The geochemical consequences of cumulate remobilisation and mixing in the sill complex are demonstrated, as well as quantified, using Fe=Mg modelling. Additionally, the effects of dolostone assimilation are considered, which can potentially affect phase equilibria. This thesis also investigates the Ni-Cu-PGE potential of the Franklin LIP by studying the Southern Feeder Dyke Complex. This dyke complex was fault-guided and brecciated dykes contain microdoleritic microxenoliths that are impregnated by sulphides. Immiscible sulphide liquids formed when the magma became sulphur saturated due to the ingestion of local sulphur-rich wallrock. This study demonstrates the importance of external sulphur addition to magma in triggering sulphide mineralisation and highlights the economic potential of the Franklin LIP.
Prevalence of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder among Primary School Children in Tikrit City, Iraq

Background: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is the most widely recognized neurobehavioral problem of children, which can interfere with the social and academic level. Objectives: To detect the prevalence of ADHD among primary school students in Tikrit city, Iraq, and to find the effect of the disease on school performance. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional study was done among students in 6 primary schools for boys and girls during the studying year 2012-2013. The criteria of diagnosis were done according to the American Psychiatric Association. Students who fulfill the criteria were included and the following parameters were studied including age, gender, family history, mother education, socioeconomic status of the family, and school performance. Results: The prevalence rate of ADHD in this study was 8.67%. Boys were mostly affected (65%). Most of them were under 9 years old (49%). Inattention subtype was mostly found in this study (38%) followed by combined (34%) and then hyperactive (28%). Positive family history was found in (43%) of cases. The education level of their mothers was intermediate or secondary school level (37%). The majority of the cases were from the middle socioeconomic status (53%). Poor school performance was seen in 69% of the cases. Conclusion: ADHD is a big problem among students of primary schools in Tikrit city with a significant effect on the academic state.
THE EVOLUTION OF NURSING IN THE 200 YEARS OF FLORENCE NIGHTINGALE

e20190408 http://dx.doi. org/10.1590/0034-7167-2019-0408 7 of ABSTRACT Objective: to compare the quality of life (QoL) of patients under dialysis and after kidney transplant; correlate the QoL of transplant patients to sociodemographic, morbid and spirituality/ religiosity variables. Method: prospective study with a quantitative approach, with a sample of 27 patients who underwent peritoneal dialysis or dialysis undergoing kidney transplant. QoL and spirituality were assessed by the KDQOL-SF and WHOQOL-SRPB tools, being correlated with sociodemographic and economic variables. Results: the dimensions of total mental component, kidney disease effects and kidney disease burden showed significant improvement in the post-transplant period, with p <0.0004. There was a significant correlation between four dimensions of spirituality and seven dimensions of QoL; p ranged from 0.04 to 0.006. Conclusion: there was a significant improvement in QoL in the post-transplant period. The dimensions of spirituality: wholeness and integration, spiritual connection, wonder and inner peace were positively correlated with seven dimensions of QoL. Descriptors: Renal Insufficiency; Chronic; Kidney Transplantation; Quality of Life; Spirituality; Religion.
Seasonal characteristics of the physicochemical properties of North Atlantic marine atmospheric aerosols

The aerosol size distribution modal diameters show seasonal variations, 0.031 mm in winter and 0.049 mm in summer for the Aitken mode and 0.103 mm in winter and 0.177 mm in summer for the accumulation mode. The accumulation mode mass also showed a seasonal variation, minimum in winter and maximum in summer. A supermicron sized particle mode was found at 2 mm for all seasons showing 30% higher mass concentration during winter than summer resulting from higher wind speed conditions. Chemical analysis showed that the concentration of sea salt has a seasonal pattern, minimum in summer and maximum in winter because of a dependency of sea-salt load on wind speeds. By contrast, the non-sea-salt (nss) sulphate concentration in fine mode particles exhibited lower values during winter and higher values during midsummer. The water soluble organic carbon (WSOC) and total carbon (TC) analysis also showed a distinctive seasonal pattern. The WSOC concentration during the high biological activity period peaked at 0.2 mgC m A3 , while it was lower than 0.05 mgC m A3 during the low biological activity period. The aerosol light scattering coefficient showed a minimum value of 5.5 Mm A1 in August and a maximum of 21 Mm A1 in February. This seasonal variation was due to the higher contribution of sea salt in the MBL during North Atlantic winter. By contrast, aerosols during late spring and summer exhibited larger angstrom parameters than winter, indicating a large contribution of the biogenically driven fine or accumulation modes. Seasonal characteristics of North Atlantic marine aerosols suggest an important link between marine aerosols and biological activity through primary production of marine aerosols.
How Can We Improve the Seamless Representation of Climatological Statistics and Weather Toward Reliable Global K‐Scale Climate Simulations?

Toward the achievement of reliable global kilometer‐scale (k‐scale) climate simulations, we improve the Nonhydrostatic ICosahedral Atmospheric Model (NICAM) by focusing on moist physical processes. A goal of the model improvement is to establish a configuration that can simulate realistic fields seamlessly from the daily‐scale variability to the climatological statistics. Referring to the two representative configurations of the present NICAM, each of which has been used for climate‐scale and sub‐seasonal‐scale experiments, we try to find the appropriate partitioning of fast/local and slow/global‐scale circulations. In a series of sensitivity experiments at 14‐km horizontal resolution, we test (a) the tuning of terminal velocities of rain, snow, and cloud ice, (b) the implementation of turbulent diffusion by the Leonard term, and (c) enhanced vertical resolution. These tests yield reasonable convection triggering and convection‐induced tropospheric moistening, and result in better performance than in previous NICAM climate simulations. In the mean state, double Intertropical Convergence Zone bias disappears, and the zonal contrast of equatorial precipitation, top‐of‐atmosphere radiation balance, vertical temperature profile, and position/strength of subtropical jet are reproduced dramatically better. Variability such as equatorial waves and the Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO) is spontaneously realized with appropriate spectral power balance, and the Asian summer monsoon, boreal‐summer MJO, and tropical cyclone (TC) activities are more realistically simulated especially around the western Pacific. Meanwhile, biases still exist in the representation of low‐cloud fraction, TC intensity, and precipitation diurnal cycle, suggesting that both higher spatial resolutions and further model development are warranted.
coping strategies and quality of life in schizophrenia: cross-sectional study

Background: The modern psychiatric view of schizophrenia spectrum disorders and their treatment has led to an increasing focus on coping strategies and the quality of life of these patients. In the present study, the authors examined the relationship between demographic data, the severity of symptoms, coping strategies, and the quality of life in psychotic patients. It is important to study the inner experience and striving of these individuals as it has been linked to their well-being and treatment adherence. Methods: Psychiatric outpatients who met International Classification of Diseases , Tenth Revision criteria for a psychotic disorder (schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, or delusional disorder) were recruited in the study. Questionnaires measuring the coping strategies (The Stress Coping Style Questionnaire [SVF-78]), the quality of life (Quality of Life Satisfaction and Enjoyment Questionnaire [Q-LES-Q]), and symptom severity (objective and subjective Clinical Global Impression – objCGI; subjCGI) were assessed. The data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance, Mann–Whitney U test, Pearson and Spearman correlation coef-ficients, and multiple regression analysis. Results: A total of 109 psychotic patients were included in the study. The quality of life was significantly related to both the positive and negative coping strategies. The severity of disorder was highly negatively correlated with the quality of life score. The results of multiple stepwise regression analysis using the quality of life as a dependent variable showed that symptom severity (subjCGI, difference between subjCGI, and objCGI), negative coping strategies, positive coping strategies, and the difference between positive and negative coping strategies explain more than half variance. Conclusion: Our study suggests the importance of utilizing the positive coping strategies in improving the quality of life in patients with psychotic disorders.
Nonlinearity Valuation Adjustment. Nonlinear Valuation under Collateralization, Credit Risk, & Funding Costs

We develop a consistent, arbitrage-free framework for valuing derivative trades with collateral, counterparty credit risk, and funding costs. Credit, debit, liquidity, and funding valuation adjustments (CVA, DVA, LVA, and FVA) are simply introduced as modifications to the payout cash-flows of the trade position. The framework is flexible enough to accommodate actual trading complexities such as asymmetric collateral and funding rates, replacement close-out, and rehypothecation of posted collateral – all aspects which are often neglected. The generalized valuation equation takes the form of a forward-backward SDE or semilinear PDE. Nevertheless, it may be recast as a set of iterative equations which can be efficiently solved by our proposed least-squares Monte Carlo algorithm. We implement numerically the case of an equity option and show how its valuation changes when including the above effects. In the paper we also discuss the financial impact of the proposed valuation framework and of nonlinearity more generally. This is fourfold: Firstly, the valuation equation is only based on observable market rates, leaving the value of a derivatives transaction invariant to any theoretical risk-free rate. Secondly, the presence of funding costs makes the valuation problem a highly recursive and nonlinear one. Thus, credit and funding risks are non-separable in general, and despite common Damiano Brigo Department of Mathematics, Imperial College London, London, and Capco Institute, London, email: damiano.brigo@gmail.com Qing D. Liu Department of Mathematics, Imperial College London, London, e-mail: daphne.q. liu@gmail.com Andrea Pallavicini Department of Mathematics, Imperial College London, London, and Banca IMI, Milan, e-mail: andrea.pallavicini@gmail.com David Sloth Rate Options & Inflation Trading, Danske Bank, Copenhagen, e-mail: dap@danskebank.com
Maternal depression and adolescent suicidal ideation: the mediating roles of childhood trauma and ineffectiveness

Background Maternal depression is an important risk factor for adolescent depression and suicidal ideation through the poor family environment and negative self-cognition. This study aimed to investigate the mediating role of childhood trauma between maternal depression and adolescent depression and the chain mediating role of childhood trauma and ineffectiveness between maternal depression and adolescent suicidal ideation. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted on 6216 mothers and 7375 adolescents from middle schools (Grades 6 to 12) in Shanghai and Henan Province, China, through an online platform by the school psychologists, resulting in 4,157 pairs of matching samples. Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) and Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ) were used to assess maternal depression and childhood trauma of adolescents. The Children's Depression Inventory (CDI) was administered to assess adolescent depression, ineffectiveness, and suicidal ideation. Results. The prevalence of clinical depression in mothers is 17.68%, and in adolescents is 15.49% (n = 4157). 28.20% of adolescents have suicidal ideation. Maternal depression(r= 0.17, p(cid:0)0.01), childhood trauma(r = 0.18, p(cid:0)0.01), and ineffectiveness(r = 0.14, p(cid:0)0.01) were signi�cantly and positively correlated with adolescent depression. Gender ( β = 0.13, p < 0.01), maternal depression ( β = 0.03, p = 0.01), childhood trauma ( β = 0.22, p < 0.01) and ineffectiveness ( β = 0.32, p < 0.01) were positive predictors of adolescent suicidal ideation. The mediating effects of childhood trauma between maternal depression and adolescent depression (95%CI = [0.047, 0.007]) is signi�cant. The chain mediating effect of childhood trauma and ineffectiveness between maternal depression and adolescent suicidal ideation is also signi�cant (95%CI = [0.000, 0.001]).
Historical and Potential Future Climate of Extreme Daily Precipitation over the Contiguous United States Using Convection-Permitting Simulations

HISTORICAL AND POTENTIAL FUTURE CLIMATE OF EXTREME DAILY PRECIPITATION OVER THE CONTIGUOUS UNITED STATES USING CONVECTION-PERMITTING SIMULATIONS Sylvia Stinnett, M.S. Department of Earth, Atmosphere, and Environment Northern Illinois University, 2023 Vittorio A. Gensini, Director The impacts of anthropogenic climate change will be felt most strongly through changes in hazards such as extreme precipitation. The potential for extreme precipitation changes—both increases and decreases—may have significant societal impacts (e.g., agriculture production, loss of life and property). However, limited research has quantified future projected changes in extreme precipitation due to computational limitations and considerable time expenditure for convection-permitting simulations of substantial duration. This project sought to analyze changes in extreme daily precipitation—defined as the 99th percentile daily accumulated value—due to climate change in the contiguous United States (CONUS) using a dynamically downscaled and convection-permitting regional climate modeling framework. Simulation output includes a historical baseline (HIST; 1990–2005) and two end of twenty-first century epochs (END; 2085–2100) under intermediate mitigation (END4.5) and pessimistic (END8.5) representative concentration pathway (RCP) scenarios. The historical baseline is compared to the Parameter-elevation Regressions in Independent Slopes Model to assess the simulation performance; HIST admirably represented the extreme precipitation climatology for most locations. Comparisons between HIST and the two END scenarios evaluate spatiotemporal changes in extremes. Finally, an extreme value analysis (EVA) extracts the extremes of eight climatologically unique cities and permits the identification of changes in return period precipitation values and the distribution of extremes for each epoch. Results show the 99th percentile of daily precipitation has statistically significant increases during Dec–May in the Midwest and Ohio Valley and statistically significant decreases for the southern Great Plains in the END scenarios compared to HIST. The EVA revealed increased variability in precipitation extremes for eight climatologically unique cities across the CONUS by the end of the twenty-first century. The END scenarios displayed increases in return period precipitation values and even exceeded the 95% confidence interval of the HIST epoch for most cities examined. Overall, these results can serve as additional knowledge for stakeholders in creating a climate-resilient society to reduce deaths, injuries, and economic loss from precipitation extremes. NORTHERN ILLINOIS UNIVERSITY DEKALB, ILLINOIS
Distribution of Soil Microbial Biomass and Free-living Nematode Population in Terrace Chronosequences of Makhtesh-Ramon Crater

ABSTRACT In this study, we examined the effects of the age of erosional fluvial terraces of Makhtesh Ramon (Ramon crater) in the central Negev Desert on soil chemical and biological properties. There were significant effects of erosion age of these terraces on soil moisture, organic carbon, soil salinity, and electrical conductivity. It is known that soil biological activity in arid ecosystems is determined by well-known limiting factors such as soil moisture and organic matter. Significant (P < 0.002) differences in total nematode population and microbial biomass [(22.0–3.4 Cmic (µg C g−1 soil)] were observed between terraces. Biological activity of soils in lower and younger terraces was greater than in older and higher terraces. The ecophysiological status (qCO2) of the soil microbial community was found to decrease from a maximal value of 1.3 to 0.32 mg CO2‒C (gCmich)−1 along the terraces (from younger to older ones). This study illustrates the integrated effect of age, altitude, and the morphostratigraphic position of terraces on the biological activity of soils.
A Soil Moisture Climatology of Illinois

Abstract Ten years of soil moisture measurements (biweekly from March through September and monthly during winter) within the top 1 m of soil at 17 grass-covered sites across Illinois are analyzed to provide a climatology of soil moisture for this important Midwest agricultural region. Sod moisture measurements were obtained with neutron probes that were calibrated for each site. Measurement errors are dependent upon the volumetric water content with errors less than 20 percent when soil moisture is above 10 percent of soil volume. Single point errors in moisture measurements from the top 1 m of soil range from 6 percent to 13 percent when volumetric soil moisture is 30 percent of soil volume. The average depletion in moisture between winter and summer over the 10-year period for the top 2 m of soil in Illinois was 72.3 mm. Three-quarters of this decrease occurred above 0.5 m and only 5 percent occurred between the 1.0-m and 2.0-m depths. The average moisture decrease between winter and summer during a we.
Geological evolution of the northwestern Superior Province: Clues from geology, kinematics, and geochronology in the Gods Lake Narrows area, Oxford–Stull terrane, Manitoba

The study of lithology, geochronology, and structure in the Oxford–Stull terrane, in particular in the Gods Lake Narrows area, has led to the recognition of three distinct supracrustal sequences: ~2.8–2.9 Ga volcanic rocks; a ~2720 Ma fault-bounded package of volcanics and sandstones; and ~2705 Ma conglomerate and alkaline volcanic rocks of the Oxford Lake Group. Detrital zircon as old as 3647 Ma is present in the Oxford Lake Group. An early generation of folding and shearing occurred prior to deposition of the Oxford Lake Group and was probably synchronous with emplace ment of 2721 Ma tonalite dykes. The second generation of deformation caused south-over-north thrusting of volcanic rocks over the Oxford Lake Group. The youngest fabric resulted from east-southeast-trending, dextral, south-over-north shearing. The youngest rock dated in the area is the 2668 ± 1 Ma Magill Lake pluton, which records crustal melting following deformation. The pattern of sedimentation and deformation in this area is similar to.
Meridional Transport of Eddy Sensible Heat in Winters Marked by Extremes of the North Atlantic Oscillation, 1948/49–1979/80

Abstract Composite patterns of eddy sensible heat transport at 700 mb on the Northern Hemisphere are derived for winters [December, January, February (DJF)] marked by extremes of the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) occurring in the 1948/49–1979/80 period. Statistically significant heat flux differences between the two NAO modes (GA: Greenland above; GB: Greenland below, normal temperatures relative to northern Europe) occur dominantly in the North Atlantic sector. These are connected to marked reversals in sea level pressure (SLP) and an out-of-phase behavior of the zonal component of the geostrophic wind related to changes in the amplitude of wavenumber 2. Teleconnections of the NAO, in terms of both pressure and eddy heat transport, to the North Pacific and east Asian regions are found to be weak for those extreme events occurring since 1948/49. Partitioning the total meridional heat flux into its transient and quasi-stationary components confirms the dominance of the latter for the hemisphere as a who.
Solvable phase diagrams and ensemble inequivalence for two-dimensional and geophysical turbulent flows

Using explicit analytical computations, generic occurrence of inequivalence between two or more statistical ensembles is obtained for a large class of equilibrium states of two-dimensional and geophysical turbulent flows. The occurrence of statistical ensemble inequivalence is shown to be related to previously observed phase transitions in the equilibrium flow topology. We find in these turbulent flow equilibria, two mechanisms for the appearance of ensemble equivalences, that were not observed in any physical systems before. These mechanisms are associated respectively with second-order azeotropy (simultaneous appearance of two second-order phase transitions), and with bicritical points (bifurcation from a first-order to two second-order phase transition lines). The important roles of domain geometry, of topography, and of a screening length scale (the Rossby radius of deformation) are discussed. It is found that decreasing the screening length scale (making interactions more local) surprisingly widens the range of parameters associated with ensemble inequivalence. These results are then generalized to a larger class of models, and applied to a complete description of an academic model for inertial oceanic circulation, the Fofonoff flow.