Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Constraints on Dark Matter Models From a Fermi LAT Search for High-Energy Cosmic-Ray Electrons from the Sun

During its first year of data taking, the Large Area Telescope (LAT) onboard the Fermi Gamma-Ray Space Telescope has collected a large sample of high-energy cosmic-ray electrons and positrons (CREs). We present the results of a directional analysis of the CRE events, in which we searched for a flux excess correlated with the direction of the Sun. Two different and complementary analysis approaches were implemented, and neither yielded evidence of a significant CRE flux excess from the Sun. We derive upper limits on the CRE flux from the Sun's direction, and use these bounds to constrain two classes of dark matter models which predict a solar CRE flux: (1) models in which dark matter annihilates to CREs via a light intermediate state, and (2) inelastic dark matter models in which dark matter annihilates to CREs.
Nancy Dixon: empowering the learning organization through psychological safety

This paper aims to provide an overview of the development of learning organization concepts from the perspective of Nancy Dixon, who has been at the forefront of the learning organization discussion since the 1980s. ,Through a conversation with Dixon, and a scan of some of her works, this paper discusses several topics pertaining to the evolution of the learning organization debate, from Dixon’s perspective. ,Dixon’s understanding of learning organizations was influenced by concepts related to action learning where people in organizations learn through meeting and talking about their problems. What distinguishes her understanding from others in that it is built more on the perspective of psychological safety, as inspired by Amy Edmonson's work. ,Dixon acknowledges that her work has had more impact on the practitioner side. Dixon maintains that learning organizations are more egalitarian and move away from hierarchy. There are ethical underpinnings to this understanding as, with psychological safety, people are willing to speak up in those situations when their voices are needed to be heard.
Economic injury level for the flower thrips Frankliniella cf. gardeniae Moulton (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) in mango

Mango is a tropical fruit with great production and market worldwide. In Colombia, it is an important crop with high export potential. There are many arthropods affecting mango production, such as thrips that feed on leaves, flowers, and small fruits, causing damage such as deformations, scars, and premature fall of fruits. This study aimed to establish the economic injury level (EIL) of Frankliniella cf. gardenia Moulton in mango (Mangifera indica L. var. yulima and var. tommy) in Guamo and San Luis (Tolima, Colombia). The methods employed included a weekly sampling of thrips in mango inflorescences during two productive periods (B-2015 and B-2016) using the structure tapping technique in a deep tray with mesh. Three preliminary thresholds per productive period were established: [B-2015: ≥10 thrips per inflorescence (TpI), ≥30 TpI, and ≥60 TpI. B-2016: ≥5 TpI, ≥10 TpI, and ≥15 TpI]. The variables density, costs, and yield were recorded. The EIL was calculated statistically using linear regressions and the final action threshold was estimated. An EIL of 11 TpI and an action threshold of 7 TpI were estimated for var. tommy in Guamo in the second semester of 2016. There was a risk of losing 220 kg ha-1 for each increase in insect unit in var. tommy. Therefore, thrips in mango behaved as an occasional pest, requiring control in var. tommy in Guamo, when the crop is flowering, and the population exceeds the action threshold of 7 TpI.
Kindergarten Teachers’ Beliefs about the Relationship between Music and Early Learning

Music has been shown to be positively related to early learning and academic outcomes. Teachers’ beliefs about how children learn and how they think about their own skills and competencies have also been shown to be linked to educational outcomes. The purpose of the present study was to examine kindergarten teachers’ beliefs about the role of music in the curriculum and its relationship to classroom learning and educational outcomes. The methods involved surveying two teachers, one a classroom teacher, and the other a music specialist about the role of music in classroom learning. Qualitative results demonstrated that while both teachers believed music enhanced academic skills and memory, as well as promoted desirable behavior, the music teacher provided more direct links between music and other academic areas. The findings suggested that in general teachers believe that music plays a critical role in young children’s early learning and educational experience, however, having training in music allows teachers to draw clear parallels between music and other areas of learning.
Population Genetics and Morphological Comparisons of Migratory European ( Hirundo rustica rustica ) and Sedentary East-Mediterranean ( Hirundo rustica transitiva ) Barn

Speciation processes are largely determined by the relative strength of divergent selection versus the magnitude of gene flow. The barn swallow (Hirundo rustica) has a broad geographic distribution that encompasses substantial geographic variation in morphology and behavior. The European (H. r. rustica) and East-Mediterranean (H. r. transitiva) subspecies are closely related, despite differing in morphological and life-history traits. To explore patterns of genetic differentiation and gene flow, we compared morphological and genetic variation among the nonmigratory breeding population ofH. r. transitiva from Israel and the migratory population of H. r. rustica that passes through Israel and compared it with the genetic differentiation between H. r. transitiva from Israel and a breeding population of H. r. rustica from the United Kingdom that uses a different migratory flyway. Mitochondrial haplotype network analysis suggests that the European and East-Mediterranean populations are intermixed, although there was low but significant genetic differentiation between the subspecies based on both mitochondrial (FST 5 0.025–0.033) and microsatellite (FST 5 0.009–0.014) loci. Coalescent-based analyses suggest recent divergence and substantial gene flow between these populations despite their differences in morphological and behavioral traits. The results suggest that these subspecies are undergoing a differentiation process in the face of gene flow, with selection possibly operating on sexually selected traits.
Taking , Review , Memory , and Comprehension

in previous work assessing memory at various levels of representation, namely the surface form, textbase, and situation model levels, participants read texts but were otherwise not actively engaged with the texts. the current study tested the influence of active engagement with the material via note taking, along with the opportunity to review such notes, and the modality of presentation (text vs. spoken). the influence of these manipulations was assessed both immediately and 1 week later. in experiment 1 participants read a text, whereas in experiment 2 participants watched a video recording of the material being read as a lecture. For each experiment the opportunity to take notes was manipulated within participants, and the opportunity to review these notes before the test was manipulated between participants. Note taking improved performance at the situation model level in both experiments, although there was also some suggestion of benefit for the surface form. thus, active engagement with material, such as note taking, appears to have the greatest benefit at the deeper levels of understanding.
Puzzling Lyman-alpha line profiles in green pea galaxies

Context. The Lyman-alpha (Lyα) line of hydrogen is of prime importance for detecting galaxies at high redshift. For a correct data interpretation, numerical radiative transfer models are necessary due to Lyα resonant scattering off neutral hydrogen atoms. Aims. Recent observations have discovered an escape of ionizing Lyman-continuum radiation from a population of compact, actively star-forming galaxies at redshift z ~ 0.2−0.3, also known as “green peas”. For the potential similarities with high-redshift galaxies and impact on the reionization of the universe, we study the green pea Lyα spectra, which are mostly double-peaked, unlike in any other galaxy sample. If the double peaks are a result of radiative transfer, they can be a useful source of information on the green pea interstellar medium and ionizing radiation escape. Methods. We select a sample of twelve archival green peas and we apply numerical radiative transfer models to reproduce the observed Lyα spectral profiles, using the geometry of expanding, homogeneous spherical shells. We use ancillary optical and ultraviolet data to constrain the model parameters, and we evaluate the match between the models and the observed Lyα spectra. As a second step, we allow all the fitting parameters to be free, and examine the agreement between the interstellar medium parameters derived from the models and those from ancillary data. Results. The peculiar green pea double-peaked Lyα line profiles are not correctly reproduced by the constrained shell models. Conversely, unconstrained models fit the spectra, but parameters derived from the best-fitting models are not in agreement with the ancillary data. In particular: 1) the best-fit systemic redshifts are larger by 10–250 km s−1 than those derived from optical emission lines; 2) the double-peaked Lyα profiles are best reproduced with low-velocity (≲150 km s−1) outflows that contradict the observed ultraviolet absorption lines of low-ionization-state elements with characteristic velocities as large as 300 km s−1; and 3) the models need to consider intrinsic Lyα profiles that are on average three times broader than the observed Balmer lines. Conclusions. Differences between the modelled and observed velocities are larger for targets with prominent Lyα blue peaks. The blue peak position and flux appear to be connected to low column densities of neutral hydrogen, leading to Lyα and Lyman-continuum escape. This is at odds with the kinematic origin of the blue peak in the homogeneous shell models. Additional modelling is needed to explore alternative geometries such as clumpy media and non-recombination Lyα sources to further constrain the role and significance of the Lyα double peaks.
New Polymorphs of the Phase-Change Material Sodium Acetate

Two new polymorphs of the phase-change material sodium acetate were characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. A tetragonal form was found first. It converted to a orthorhombic form after measurement of a single crystal of the tetragonal form at 100 K and subsequent warming to ambient temperature. Hirshfeld surface fingerprint plots show the different packing environments of the two new compared to the two known orthorhombic polymorphs Forms I and II. The accuracy and precision of the structures were improved compared to conventional independent atom model refinement through the use of aspherical scattering factors of the invariom database. We think that the layered nature of all sodium acetate forms, and the thereby limited (“quantized”) availability of vibrational modes, is related to the phenomenon of supersaturation, which is connected to its phase-change properties.
Comparison of Plastic Mulch and Bare-ground Production and Economics for Short-day Onions in a Semitropical Environment

●ADDITIONAL INDEX WORDS. Allium cepa, sweet onion, production economics SUMMARY. In 4 years of research comparing production of short-day onions (Allium cepa L.) on plastic mulch versus bare ground in southern Florida, greater marketable yields were obtained when onions were grown on plastic mulch. Results showed that in a semitropical environment, white-on-black plastic mulch provided the greatest yield enhancement from increased weight and bulb size. Yield loss due to splitting, while apparent, was not sufficient to reduce the impact of mulch on the increase in individual bulb weight. Adopting plastic mulch for sweet onion production will add between $400 and $500/acre ($988 and $1,235/ha) of additional operating expenses. While this may increase cash-flow burdens and heighten overall financial risks, the added value from increased yields by weight and greater percentages of jumbo sized bulbs suggest that plastic mulch has an excellent chance to increase a grower’s overall net return. Using conservative yield and market price assumptions, an economic analysis showed an increase in grower’s net return of more than $120/acre ($296/ha).
Current trends in China's international development cooperation to Latin America: potential opportunities and challenges with the belt and road initiative

PurposeThis paper enquires into general trends of China's International Development Cooperation over the past decade in Latin America and provides insights into the challenges with the Belt and Road Initiative.Design/methodology/approachThis paper analyses quantitative data for Chinese Official Development Assistance (ODA) and Other Official Flows (OOF) for projects in Latin America based on recent data contributions including Bluhm et al. (2018) and Gallagher & Myers (2019). FindingsBased on the data available, it can be concluded that the cooperation between China and Latin America has been increasing. For instance, the value of China's cooperation increased by 4.5% per year on average from 2000 to 2014. Moreover, China's economic and political motivations in the region indicate that the cooperative relationship has been changing from a South–South to a North–South framework. Two main factors are involved in this transition: the evolution of China from a developing country to a global emerging power and the implementation of the Belt and Road Initiative to strengthen political and economic ties with the governments of the region.Practical implicationsThis investigation suggests that the increasing number of loans in the region and Beijing's growing interest in trade and natural resources are structural factors that guide the Chinese foreign policy.Originality/valueThere are few analyses of China's cooperation for development in Latin America that involve the evaluation of concessional and non-concessional loans for projects in the region in the last decade. This paper also analyses the challenges and opportunities that the implementation of the Belt and Road Initiative represents for the region.
Fluctuations of Lévy processes and scattering theory

Initial work by Spitzer was extended to show that the behavior of the bivariate processes (X t , inf X s ) or (X t , sup X s ), where X is a 0<s<t 0≤s≤t Levy process, can be entirely reconstructed on the basis of the Wiener-Hopf factorization of the Levy exponent of X. This paper is meant to establish that a similar device can be used to investigate the trivariate Markov process (X t inf X s , sup X s ). This involves substituting (2,2)-matrices for 0≤s≤t 0≤s≤t the scalar functions involved in the Spitzer-type factorization. The computation of this matrix from the Levy exponent of X is a Riemann-Hilbert problem, which is the same as the one appearing in the inverse scattering problem.
Temporal and Spatial Variability of Carbonate Chemistry in a Tillamook Bay Tributary: Tracing Acidification from the River to the Bay

Coastal acidification from rising atmospheric carbon dioxide can be exacerbated by local factors such as land inputs of inorganic carbon and nutrients. In Tillamook Bay, OR, the possibility of local factors enhancing acidification and impacting oyster aquaculture in the bay is a concern due to extensive agriculture in the watershed. The US EPA has been monitoring water conditions in Tillamook Bay tributaries since the summer of 2016, and preliminary findings showed increased dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) downstream of agricultural areas. To determine the causes of elevated DIC, changes attributed to land-based inputs must be distinguished from natural temporal variability and in-stream processing. We initiated a study to assess temporal variability by conducting a day-long time series of DIC and partial pressure of CO2 (pCO2) at locations upstream and downstream of agricultural areas along the Trask River. To quantify in-stream processing (periphyton photosynthesis and respiration), stream rocks were placed in sealed microcosm chambers for 7 hours, and changes in dissolved oxygen and carbonate chemistry were measured. Initial and final concentrations of dissolved oxygen (DO), DIC, and pCO2 in each container were compared to the conditions in the stream itself. Time series data show that DIC was lower upstream and decreased more throughout the day. In chambers, the ΔDIC : ΔDO ratio is consistent with stream photosynthesis-respiration stoichiometry at both sites, while in streamwater, the ΔDIC : ΔDO ratio is much lower downstream. In-stream processing can account for most of the changes in DIC in the chambers, but not in the streamwater, suggesting that elevated DIC levels can be attributed to inputs of inorganic carbon from land-based sources.
Gas-Density Effects on Dual-Bell Transition Behavior

An experimental investigation was conducted to study the dual-bell transition behavior inside a high-altitude test facility under different back pressure environments. The high-altitude chamber was evacuated using an ejector nozzle and the dual-bell nozzle driving pressure, P 0N, was varied from 30 to 5.3 bar in subsequent test campaigns. As P0N was decreased, the dual-bell transition was observed to get delayed, and the transition nozzle pressure ratio increased by as much as 20% for the lowest driving pressure tested. Similar results were also observed for the dual bell retransition nozzle pressure ratio. For very low values of P0N (of 3.5 bar), transition did not occur at all. The delay in the dual-bell transition process to higher nozzle pressure ratio is primarily attributed to the increase in the width of inflection region with decrease in Reynolds number, which seems to control the dual-bell transition behavior. During these tests, it was also observed that the visible intensity of condensation shock decreased gradually with decreasing P0N and finally, for P0N � 17:4 bar, no condensation shock was observed. The decrease in gas density/reduced mass flow is also accompanied by a significant decrease in the amplitude of wall pressure fluctuations in the region of separation due to decrease in shock strength.
Public-Private Partnership Arrangement in In-Situ Housing for Slum Rehabilitation in Yenagoa, Bayelsa State, Nigeria

The provision of decent accommodation is a major challenge to government in the developing nations. It is a common phenomenon in the urban centres of the developing nations where most houses are in deplorable conditions. The houses are overcrowded with little or no air space between them. There is no basic sanitation in the urban centres as they lack flush toilet, some of the few available flush toilets are piped into seasonal streams, most houses lack defined kitchen areas and healthy sewage disposal method. The cities lack good access roads and functional drainage system with a common practice of environmentally-unfriendly solid waste management methods that create various health challenges to urban dwellers. The aim of the study is to show how in-situ Housing method of slum rehabilitation can be applied through Public/Private Partnership to upgrade houses within a major slum area in Yenagoa. This shall be done with an agreement between the property owners, Real Estate investors and the state government. Basic Research Methodology was applied using questionnaire, direct observation and personal interview techniques to collect data. Both qualitative and quantitative techniques were applied to analyse data through the use of tables and charts. The findings in the study showed that poor housing condition seriously degrade the environmental quality of the study area. The standard of living in the area is very poor as the people lack access to decent accommodation, basic sanitation and social amenities.
Elucidative Histopathological Study in Female Cancer Patients

Aims: Because of the high incidence of cancer in females, we need to identify an accurate therapy to deal with the treatment of different types and stages of cancer. Histopathology acts as an important step to foresee the stage in which the cancer is present, its risk of metastasis, and the health outcomes after completion of treatment. Histopathology grading acts as an important criterion to determine the treatment pattern to be adopted, the prognosis in patients and other possible future risks. Hence conducting novel histopathologcial studies in major female cancers is necessary in determining the treatment plan to be chosen for the patient. Study design: Retrospective Observational study Place and Duration of Study: St. Ann’s Cancer Hospital, Warangal, Telangana, India. The patient’s histopathological reports were collected between March and August 2018. Methodology: The study sample included 275 non-pregnant female patients aged above 20 years and diagnosed with different cancers based on histopathology. Histopathological observations were taken by collecting parameters that included specimen submitted, lymphadenopathy specimen, macroscopic appearance, macroscopic tumour site, coexistent pathology, histological tumour grade, lymphovascular invasion, and distant metastasis. Results: The histopathologcial study concludes that regional lymph nodes (55.2%) were more common than other lymph nodes. Mostly, tumours demonstrated swollen and ulcerative appearance (48%), with grading as G0 stage (57.45%) having better prognosis and good quality of life. The most commonly observed types of tumours were as follows; In Breast Cancer: infiltrating ducal carcinoma (61. 9%), in Cervix Cancer: squamous cell carcinoma (83.92%), in Ovarian Cancer: mucinous cystadenocarcinoma (53.84%), in Vaginal Cancer, and in Vulvar Cancer: squamous cell carcinoma (100%). Conclusion: Knowing the type of tumour to develop, the threat it poses to health, and the mechanisms that mediate its development are important factors in the management of the disease. This detailed information may aid the implementation of more accurate preventive measures in a population by selecting the proper treatment plan and understanding the risk of future chances of reoccurrence and metastasis.
ENERGY BAND STRUCTURE OF ALUMINIUM BY THE AUGMENTED PLANE WAVE METHOD

The band structure of metallic a luminium has been calculated by the augmented plane wave method. The energy values and wave functions were computed for the equivalent of 2048 points in the Brillouin zone and for energies ranging from the bo t tom of the conduct ion band (3s, 3p) to approximately 0'4 Ry above the Fermi energy. The density of states and the Fermi energy were determined using a variant of an accurate method developed by G i l a t and R a u b e n h e i m e r (Phys. Rev. 144 (1966), 390). The results are discussed and compared with earlier results.