Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Conceptualising and measuring social camouflaging in autism

Camouflaging has been proposed as a behaviour used by autistic individuals, particularly females, to minimise the appearance of autistic characteristics during social interactions. However, little is known about how autistic individuals camouflage and there are few validated measures of camouflaging. There is inconsistent evidence as to whether females camouflage more than males. This thesis addressed these issues by developing a conceptual model of camouflaging, developing and validating a self-report measure of camouflaging, and examining preliminary gender differences in camouflaging. // Six studies using qualitative and quantitative methods were undertaken. Study 1 used meta-analysis and systematic review to conclude that associated characteristics of autism may be expressed in unique ways in autistic females, forming a female autism phenotype. // Autistic adults’ reported experiences of camouflaging were used to develop a conceptual model of camouflaging, from which future hypotheses can be derived (Study 2). In Study 3, a self-report measure of camouflaging behaviours (the Camouflaging Autistic Traits Questionnaire; CAT-Q) was developed from autistic adults’ reported camouflaging strategies, and was validated in a large online sample of autistic and non-autistic males and females. Gender differences in adults’ camouflaging were examined in Study 4. // Studies 5 and 6 further investigated the validity of the CAT-Q, in an adolescent sample. The CAT-Q was found to predict camouflaging success (Study 5), and some potential cognitive mechanisms underlying camouflaging were identified (Study 6). These studies also included preliminary investigations of gender differences in camouflaging success and its underlying mechanisms. // In summary, camouflaging involves compensation for and masking of autistic behaviours, and fitting in with others. A valid self-report measure of camouflaging has been developed, and has demonstrated greater camouflaging in autistic females than males. This suggests camouflaging may form part of the female autism phenotype, with differential impacts for diagnosis and outcomes for males and females.
Spatial and temporal dynamics of Pacific capelin Mallotus catervarius in the Gulf of Alaska: implications for ecosystem-based fisheries management

The Gulf of Alaska (GOA) was divided into 5 offshore and 2 inshore regions (see Fig. 1 in manuscript). Offshore waters past the 500 m isobath were defined as the “slope”, while offshore regions over the GOA shelf in waters less than 500 m bottom depth were defined by longitude: EGOA, eastern shelf (134° to 140° W); CGOA, central shelf (140° to 147° W); NGOA, northern shelf (147° to 154° W); WGOA, western shelf (154° to 165° W). The two inshore regions included: SEAK, southeast Alaska inner waters (e.g. Glacier Bay, Cross Sound, Sitka Sound), Yakutat Bay, and Icy Bay; SCAK, southcentral Alaska (Cook Inlet, coastal embayments along the Kenai Peninsula, and Prince William Sound).
Child-centered play therapy

Child-centered play therapy can be used effectively by elementary school counselors to aid change and growth in variety of developmental problem areas experienced by children. Suggests using child-centered play therapy with children experiencing learning disabilities, divorce, lack of self-control, depression, abuse, socially inappropriate behavior, dependency, regressive behavior, physical handicaps, and other problems. (ERIC-NB)
A prospective study to find the prevalence of domestic violence against married females of rural India

Starting from Vedic age to twenty first century, women have never been given equal freedom as of males. The concept of ‘Ardhangini’ (half of the body) is between the words in literature. In addition to this, extracts from Ramcharitamanas of Tulsidas like ‘Dhol, Gauwnaar, Shudra, PashuaurNari; SakalTadan ka Adhikari’ (drums, uncivilized illiterates, lower castes, animals and women are all fit to be beaten). In short, it is always the women who have to be on the tight rope, subject to inequality and looked down as an inferior sex. From cradle to grave she has to be under the control of father or husband or the son.
Biases and Blind-Spots in Genome-Wide CRISPR Knockout Screens

It is widely accepted that pooled library CRISPR knockout screens offer greater sensitivity and specificity than prior technologies in detecting genes whose disruption leads to fitness defects, a critical step in identifying candidate cancer targets. However, the assumption that CRISPR screens are saturating has been largely untested. Through integrated analysis of screen data in cancer cell lines generated by the Cancer Dependency Map, we show that a typical CRISPR screen has a ∼20% false negative rate, beyond library-specific false negatives previously described. Replicability falls sharply as gene expression decreases, while cancer subtype-specific genes within a tissue show distinct profiles compared to false negatives. Cumulative analyses across tissues suggest only a small number of lineage-specific essential genes and that these genes are highly enriched for transcription factors that define pathways of tissue differentiation. In addition, we show that half of all constitutively-expressed genes are never hits in any CRISPR screen, and that these never-essentials are highly enriched for paralogs. Together these observations strongly suggest that functional buffering masks single knockout phenotypes for a substantial number of genes, describing a major blind spot in CRISPR-based mammalian functional genomics approaches.
Pathways of Psychiatric Treatment in Rural Patients with Psychosis

Background: Pathways of care support the development of care partnerships and empowerÂ patients and their care providers along with necessary modifications in the existing healthÂ services. Â Aim: To examine the various pathways of psychiatric treatment in rural patients with psychosisÂ and to know the source of referral, first contact for treatment, awareness about the signs andÂ symptoms and various symptoms (complains) with which the patients presented themselvesÂ to the different modalities of treatment. Â Methods: It was a cross sectional hospital based study conducted at Out-Patient DepartmentÂ of Ranchi Institute of Neuro-Psychiatry & Allied Sciences (RINPAS) Kanke, Ranchi. PurposiveÂ sampling technique was used for the study, total 96 participants were selected in 1 monthÂ duration. Subjects were evaluated using socio demographic datasheet, WHO counter form andÂ BPRS-24. Â Results: The present study found that the mean duration of untreated psychosis wasÂ 558. 80Â±707.08 days. First symptoms appeared at onset of illness, in which fearfulness (13.5%) appeared in most patients. Time taken to decide to go for consultation after onset of illness wasÂ 417. 67Â±621.11 days. Maximum first consultations were to native & faith healers (69.8%) andÂ only 17.7% consulted psychiatric services at first contact. For the first referral, 64.6% patientsÂ shifted to psychiatric services from other modes such as native / faith healer, general hospitalÂ and medical practitioner. Â CONCLUSION: The study provides an insight into the nature of the pathway and referralÂ taken by rural patients with psychosis and their caregivers.Key Words: Pathways, Psychiatric treatment, rural patients.
Decision making on mitigating a possible collision of an autonomous vehicle on a motorway

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Dynamic spread of happiness in a large social network : longitudinal analysis of the Framingham Heart Study social network. Commentary

Objectives To evaluate whether happiness can spread from person to person and whether niches of happiness form within social networks. Design Longitudinal social network analysis. Setting Framingham Heart Study social network. Participants 4739 individuals followed from 1983 to 2003. Main outcome measures Happiness measured with validated four item scale; broad array of attributes of social networks and diverse social ties. Results Clusters of happy and unhappy people are visible in the network, and the relationship between people's happiness extends up to three degrees of separation (for example, to the friends of one's friends' friends). People who are surrounded by many happy people and thosewho are central in the network are more likely to become happy in the future. Longitudinal statistical models suggest that clusters of happiness result from the spread of happiness and not just a tendency for people to associate with similar individuals. A friend who lives within a mile (about 1.6 km) and who becomes happy increasesthe probability that a person is happy by 25% (95% confidence interval 1% to 57%). Similar effects are seen in coresident spouses (8%, 0.2% to 16%), siblings who live within a mile (14%, 1% to 28%), and next door neighbours (34%, 7% to 70%). Effects are not seen between coworkers. The effect decays with time and with geographical separation. Conclusions People's happiness depends on the happiness of others with whom they are connected. This provides further justification for seeing happiness, like health, as a collective phenomenon.
Safety assessment of Spirulina platensis through sprague dawley rats modeling

Abstract Health safety of spirulina (Spirulina platensis) for food application was evaluated through hematology and histopathology of liver, spleen and kidney in Sprague Dawley rats fed on three isoproteic diets maintained to 10% protein for forty five days. Three groups of rats were maintained as control diet casein (R-C); diet containing crude spirulina (R-S) and diet containing purified spirulina protein (R-SPI). Hematological profile of the rats group fed on spirulina diets showed no significant increase in white blood cells (WBCs), while there was decreasing trend in the levels of neutrophils (60.46 ± 2.60%) and lymphocytes (33.53 ± 1.06%) in rats that were fed on spirulina diet (R-S) than the other tested experimental diet group. Histopathological examination revealed normal architecture of the liver with no abnormality in kidneys and spleen exhibiting safety of spirulina in both forms to mitigate protein energy malnutrition widely prevalent in developing countries.
Assessing Yield Responses of Four Improved Cassava Varieties in Akure, Nigeria

Experiments were conducted at the Federal College of Agriculture, Akure in 2015 and 2016 to evaluate yield response of four improved cassava ( Manihot esculenta, Crantz ) varieties. The experiment was set up in a 4 x 2 x 2 factorial experiment comprising of four cassava (TME 419, TMS 98/0581, 98/0505 and 30572), two planting dates (May and June) and year of planting (2015 and 2016). Yield evaluation was done at 12 months after planting. Significant interaction was obtained between varieties and time of planting for the number of roots harvested per plot. TMS 0581 recorded the highest average number of cassava root harvested 144.8 tubers in 2016. The number of tuber rot obtained per plot was significantly influenced by cassava varieties. TMS 0505 had 24.1 tuber rot per plot in 2015. This value amount to 13.2% loss in total number of storage roots formed and subsequent lowered yield (25.21 t/ ha) compared with other varieties. Similarly, higher percentage of rotten roots (10.3%) per plot was obtained for TMS 0505 in 2016. However, the root rot was only significantly lower than root yield of TMS 0581 that recorded 53.09 t/ha. The effect of time of planting was only significant for 2015 planting season. The four varieties evaluated exhibited high yield capacity under the production research plot.
INDICATIONS OF PRIMARY CAESAREAN SECTIONS AMONG IRAQI WOMEN IN KARBALA CITY DURING 2018

Objective: To study the different indications of primary caesarean sections for women attending Karbala Maternity Teaching Hospital and Al-kafeel Super Specialty hospital. Methods: This was cross-sectional study, the sample was 330 women. Over the period from 1st January 2018 to [30]th June 2018. Questionnaire was filled by direct interviews. A pilot study was done; the subjects of the pilot including 20 women with previous PCS, and some modifications were occurred done accordingly. The sample of study was convenient sample including all women for whom PCS was done in the first time, it was 330 women. Then data was entered and analyzed by SPSS program version 22. Results: The commonest age group in this study was (25-29) year, which represent 32.1%. Majority of the study sample (49.7%) were primigravida. The percentage of indications of Caesarean section include fetal distress 22.1%, prolonged labor18.5%, malpresentation 17.3% and amniotic fluid leakage 16.4%. Emergency CS had 43.6%, and maternal request had 21.5%. Conclusion: Largest number of participant were primigravidarum which read big and serious problem for women life in future. Most women had taken regular antenatal care. Fetal distress and prolonged labor were the most common indications for caesarean section. Fetal outcome was good that reflect good antenatal care and perinatal care.
Estimates for moments of random vectors

My dissertation is devoted to estimates of norms of some natural classes of random vectors in Rn. Dimension-free bounds are of most interest, since they may be generalised to infinitely-dimensional spaces. However, if the dependence on the dimension is nontrivial (especially if an estimate depends only on the logarithm of the dimension), a bound is useful too and gives us a better understanding of the behaviour of the class of random vectors we investigate. Let us describe three types of estimates we are dealing with in this thesis.
AN ANALYSIS ON THE ANTECEDENTS OF YOUNG EMPLOYEES’ EARNING POTENTIAL IN SOUTH AFRICA

Concerns surrounding the outcomes of young people in the labour market have become a global phenomenon. None more so has this been evident than in South Africa. While finding employment seems highly unlikely for most, circumstances surrounding the outcomes of those who are employed have likewise raised alarms. Understanding what contributes to decent employment in this regard holds important relevance not only in promoting the wellbeing of the cohort, but also advancing the knowledge on the requirements to utilise their local development potential. The purpose of the study was therefore to identify the antecedents of young South African employees’ earning potential. A quantitative approach and cross-sectional research design were employed, where secondary data collected through the most recent national labour market dynamics survey was used. The sample consisted of 27 493 young employees between the ages of 15 and 34 years. Descriptive statistics, cross-tabulations and a linear regression were utilised for the analysis. Results of the study showed the earnings potential of young South Africans to be intertwined with an array of aspects. In this regard, the remuneration prospects of young people depend on race, sector of employment and trade union membership. Outcomes were also highly gendered biased, while the impact of labour market inequalities including the lack of social capital and geographical characteristics likewise seems to affect their earnings ability. Recommendations in advancing the cohort’s labour market outcomes must, therefore, include enhanced public-private partnership formation through mandatory apprenticeship programmes. This must be supported by the relaxation of labour market regulations and a strategic focus that seeks to advance both soft and technical skills.
Using PPP to Procure Social Infrastructure: Lessons From 20 Years of Experience in Ireland

Ireland has almost two decades of experience with using public private partnerships (PPPs) for the procurement of social infrastructure such as schools, courthouses, and health facilities. This article focuses on Ireland’s schools sector where 27 school buildings with an estimated capital value of €500 million have been procured via PPP to date. We review the changes that have occurred to the governance of PPPs and supporting institutional structures, which have evolved considerably over the past 20 years. Evidence of policy learning has led to the development of detailed PPP guidelines and the establishment of a centralized PPP agency with responsibilities that exceed international norms. We highlight how the development of PPP institutions has been an ongoing and gradual process, which will continue to evolve if concerns in relation to accountability and transparency are to be addressed.
Executive functions moderated the influence of physical cues on children’s empathy for pain: an eye tracking study

ABSTRACT Empathy for pain in daily life is more complex than in lab settings and involved higher cognitive abilities. In order to investigate the role of executive function in preschoolers’ empathy for pain, we investigated the role of three subcomponents of executive function (inhibitory control, working memory and cognitive flexibility) in children’s empathy for pain, and recorded the attentional process with eye tracking (N = 46). Results showed that inhibitory control (IC) and working memory (WM) were associated with preschool children’s empathy for pain and moderated the effect of physical cue on empathy for pain. With higher IC and WM, there was a higher difference in empathy caused by cue type. Eye-tracking results showed that attention partially mediated the roles of inhibitory control and working memory. These results suggested that both executive function and attention were important for children to make accurate empathic responses for pain.
When good bacteria behave badly: a case report of Bacillus clausii sepsis in an immunocompetant adult

Reports of unusual microorganisms causing human infections are on the rise due to transitions in epidemiological trends. Commensal/normal flora which are otherwise termed as ‘good bacteria’ are now causing infections in different group of patients, mostly immunocompromised individuals. Various host and environmental factors play a pivotal role in microbial transmigration from their normal habitat into the blood and other body sites. We report one such ‘good bacterium’ associated with sepsis in a patient who was given the same bacterium in the form of probiotics.
Bureaucratic Reform: A Case Study in Secretariat General of the Ministry of Education and Culture

Bureaucratic reforms are remedial steps to government tasks and public services, building good governance. The scope of bureaucratic reforms involves not only processes and procedures, but also changes in organizational structure and mindset and behavior of the implementers. The aim of the study is to evaluate the implementation of bureaucratic reform policies carried out by the Secretariat General of the Ministry of Education and Culture. The purposive survey method is used in this study. 80 Echelon III and IV officials in the bureaus within the Secretariat General of the Ministry of Education and Culture participated in this study. The questionnaire was used as an instrument to collect the data in this study. There are three dimensions of bureaucratic reforms examined, namely the basis of reform, the agent of reform and the bureaucratic environment. It was found that bureaucratic reforms significantly influence organizational performance at the Secretariat General of the Ministry of Education and Culture. Bureaucratic reforms are characterized by a good basis of reforms, a strengthening of Human Resources as an agent of bureaucratic reforms and a conducive environment to support the success of bureaucratic reforms to be achieved by the Ministry of Education and Culture.
The impact of low-input grass-based and high-input confinement-based dairy systems on food production, environmental protection and resource use

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to assess if dairy intensification is associated with increased efficiency in food production, nutrient, and energy use. In-depth data from 12 high-input confinement-based and 12 low-input grass-based dairy farms in southwest Germany were analyzed. The study found that relative to high-input dairy systems, low-input grass-based dairy systems were 334% better in human-edible crude protein conversion efficiency and 328% better in human-edible gross energy conversion efficiency. Low-input dairy systems showed 28% higher nitrogen and 98% higher phosphorus use efficiencies. Results revealed no difference in energy conversion efficiency between the contrasting dairy systems. As a result, the ongoing intensification of dairy systems utilizing substantial amounts of human-edible crops, puts global food security at risk, has undesirable side effects on the environment and fails to utilize the evolutionary advantage of ruminants.
ESL teachers’ perceptions and practices of code-switching in a Malaysian Chinese independent secondary school

Code-switching (CS) is one of the communicative strategies used in defining and structuring social relationships of speakers. In this study, we demonstrate how teachers perceive and employ CS in a Malaysian Chinese Independent School (MCIS) English classrooms to achieve communicative intents and to create a sense of belonging among students. Ethnography recording of classroom discourse and semi-structured interviews with seven English teachers were employed. The analysis reveals a noteworthy commitment that CS does not only act as a pedagogical tool but also as a means of facilitating interpersonal communication in class.
Structural Transformations of Coal at Low Temperature Oxidation via In-situ FTIR

ABSTRACT Structural transformations in different coal ranks during low temperature oxidation (≤ 210°C) are crucial to understand the spontaneous combustion of coal and related environmental problems. The in-situ Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) technique was used to highlight the variations of aromatic, aliphatic, oxygen functional groups, and hydrogen bonds of different coal ranks spanning from lignite to anthracite. Chemical changes were observed at real-time experimental conditions. Characteristic temperature points were selected as the point where obvious gas changes occurred. Structural parameters were determined by fitting FTIR spectra. The band of highly substituted aromatic rings had a direct correlation with low rank coals. The degree of substitution (DOS) of aromatic sites with alkyl groups showed a good power function correlation with fixed carbon content. Aliphatic carbon changes displayed similar trends with different coal ranks. Moreover, increasing coalification decreased the oxygen functional parameter ‘C’. The ‘C’ value of samples with high oxygen content increased with temperature, caused due to the oxidation of aliphatic structures. The fitting areas of the 3600–3000 cm−1 region reduced with increasing coal rank. The aromatic structures changed more significantly with temperature in low-rank coal than in high-rank coal.