Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
MAKING MONEY AT THE EXPENSE OF THE POOR? AN INVESTIGATION OF INDIVIDUALS’ PREFERENCES TO IMPACT INVEST VERSUS DONATE

Bringing together philanthropic objectives and financial decisionmaking, impact investors explicitly aim to generate impact while also yielding a financial return. Yet, the values, norms, and motives associated with philanthropy may be at odds with those of financial investing. Consequently, the question arises whether individuals deem it inappropriate—or even unethical—to invest in social problem-solving. This article aims to shed light on this question. Using an experimental set-up, we study the effect of funding scale (small or large funding requests) and funding scheme (donation or impact investment) on the funding decision of 872 individuals. Our findings indicate that a substantial share of the general population could embrace impact investing opportunities in real settings. In particular, small-scale, interest-free impact investments may be a promising way to elicit funding for social problem-solving. However, when larger amounts of money are at stake, individuals appear to exhibit self-interested behavior and require a positive financial return.
Determination of the strength of the support sections of concrete beams with BFRP under the action of shear forces

In a few foreign codes (ACI, Eurocode 2, JSCE, CSA, CNR), the principles for calculating flexible concrete elements with (BFRP) are preserved the same as for calculating concrete structures with steel reinforcement. Experimental studies have not confirmed these principles, which indicates the relevance of research. Two calculation models are proposed for determining the strength near the support sections of concrete beams with BFRP. The first model considers the calculation of beams with average (a/d=2) and large (a/d=3) shear spans along the main inclined crack, taking into account the experimentally established length of its projection lcrf1, the coefficients ϕख़2, ϕख़3 and ϕख़4 the magnitude of tensile stresses in the transverse fittings. The second computational model provides for the calculation of these beams with small shear spans (a/d<1) along a compressed inclined strip using the experimentally established coefficient kf,. The use of the presented design models provides good convergence (coefficient of variation ν=8%) of the calculated and experimental values of strength near the support sections of concrete beams with BFRP.
Study on the treatment of anthraquinone dye wastewater with different electrode material

Electrolysis is a chemical reaction that have more oxidation and reduction capacity,with little consumption of chemicals,highly adaptable and easy to realize the advantages of antomation etc.Therefore it has a very good effect on dye wastewater treatment.Electrode material is the key to the treatment of organic wastewater.In this experiment,in order to observe the effects of these electrodes on the degradation of waste water,we use different electrode materials on the anthraquinone-simulated wastewater by means of electrolysis and test the degradation rate of CODcr and decolorization rate.
Intra-articular ozone modulates inflammation, ameliorates pain and rigidity, improves function and has anabolic effect on knee osteoarthritis: a prospective quasi-experimental before-and-after study, 115 patients

Correspondence: Marcos Fernández-Cuadros Correo electrónico: marcosefc@hotmail.com Fernández-Cuadros ME, Pérez-Moro O, Albaladejo-Florin MJ, ÁlavaRabasa S. Intra-articular ozone modulates inflammation, ameliorates pain and rigidity, improves function and has anabolic effect on knee osteoarthritis: a prospective quasi-experimental before-and-after study, 115 patients. Rev Soc Esp Dolor 2020;27(2):78-88 ABSTRACT
Public Policy and Youth Employment: An Empirical Study of Cameroon's Experience

The aim purpose of this paper is to assess the contribution of public policies on youth employment in Cameroon. To do this, we used the multinomial Logit model that is being followed up for our employment equation. The maximum probability method is the estimation technique used and applied to data extracted from the EISS database (2011). Three main results emerge from this study: (1) young people who wish to self-employment do not have adequate training and the technical and financial support offered to them by the government is insufficient; (2) the incentives proposed by the State to private operator to encourage them to recruit young people do not always contribute to this objective and (3) the massive recruitments carried out by the State fail to pay off all unemployed young people. In this situation, the Cameroonian state should further strengthen the professionalization of training and, above all, guide training offers in the areas that present opportunities in our country. It also needs to strengthen the facilities afforded to private companies to encourage them to recruit more young people. We also suggest that the Cameroonian government provide more technical and material support to young people who are seeking it and, on the other hand, to raise more funds for the bankable projects presented by these Last.
Running title: DIET OF Sturnira lilium IN DECIDUOUS FOREST Academy Section: ECOSYSTEMS

Sturnira lilium is a frugivorous bat that is known for its high consumption of Solanaceae fruits. We captured S. lilium, using mistnets, to study its diet and diet seasonal variation in a seasonal deciduous forest in southern Brazil. We also investigated the predominance of Solanaceae and of Solanum granulosoleprosum, the main food source, correlated with the availability of ripe fruits. A total of 11 plant species were identifi ed from 126 fecal samples. Seeds of Solanaceae species were present in 81% of the samples, with S. granulosoleprosum seeds being the most common (68.3 %). There was no seasonal variation in the diet; however ANOVA revealed that the consumption of Solanaceae and S. granulosoleprosum showed monthly differences. There was no monthly correlation and there was a weak seasonal correlation between ripe fruit availability and the consumption of S. granulosoleprosum by S. lilium, indicating that this bat species occupies broad home ranges and is capable of locating plants with mature fruits in adjacent areas during most of the year. The mobility of S. lilium and high abundance of S. granulosoleprosum in the diet suggests that this species as good disperser of plants that are characteristic of early successional stages and areas undergoing regeneration.
The Top 100 Most Frequently Cited Publications Concerning Anti-PD-1/PD-L1 Therapy for Lung Cancer: A Bibliometric Analysis

Background: Globally lung cancer is one of the most common cancers, and is responsible for almost 20% of all cancer care costs. As a potential treatment for lung cancer, anti-PD-1/ PD-L1 therapy has become a novel scientific hotspot in recent decades. The present study aims at exploring the status and trends of the top frequently cited publications about the anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapy for lung cancer via bibliometric analysis. Methods: The publications concerning anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapy for lung cancer were searched on the core collection database of Web of Science, setting the time period for retrieval from 1950 to 2019. The top 100 most frequently cited publications were retrieved, and the bibliometric data were mainly accessed through an open online analysis platform and VOSviewer software. Results: The cited frequencies about the top 100 cited publications ranged from 218 to 6248. These articles were published in 39 publications, which were mainly ranked in Q1. The top journal in terms of the number of the articles was the New England Journal of Medicine (16 articles). The most frequently nominated author was Brahmer, JR from Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, while the most contributing institution was Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer. The United States acted as the pioneer in this new field of research and led plentiful of national and international co-operations. Immunotherapy, nivolumab, cell lung-cancer, safety, and docetaxel appeared more frequently as keywords. Discussions: To sum up, high quality journals, influential authors and institutions and research with high quality evidence were apt to attract more attention and possess more public credibility. Moreover, the bibliometric analysis is yielding up its advantage of identifying and analyzing the characteristics and changes in the intellectual structures of a special topic.
Longitudinal Risk Factor for Developing Depression in Parkinson's Disease

Background Despite the established importance of identifying depression in Parkinson's disease, our understanding of the factors which place the Parkinson's disease patient at future risk of depression is limited. Methods Our sample consisted of 874 patients from two longitudinal cohorts, PPMI and PDBP, with median follow-up durations of 7 and 3 years respectively. Risk factors for depression at baseline were determined using logistic regression. A Cox regression model was then used to identify baseline factors that predisposed the non-depressed patient to develop depressive symptoms that were sustained for at least one year, while adjusting for antidepressant use and cognitive impairment. Common predictors between the two cohorts were identified with a random-effects meta-analysis. Results We found in our analyses that the majority of baseline non-depressed patients would develop sustained depressive symptoms at least once during the course of the study. Probable REM sleep disorder (pRBD), age, duration of diagnosis, impairment in daily activities, mild constipation, and antidepressant use were among the baseline risk factors for depression in either cohort. Our Cox regression model indicated that pRBD, impairment in daily activities, hyposmia, and mild constipation could serve as longitudinal predictors of sustained depressive symptoms. Conclusions We identified several potential risk factors to aid physicians in the early detection of depression in Parkinson's disease patients. Our findings also underline the importance of adjusting for multiple covariates when analyzing risk factors for depression.
Connection between two historical tuberculosis outbreak sites in Japan, Honshu, due to a new ancestral L2 sublineage

By gathering an initial collection of 680 public Sequence Read Archives from the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTC) including 190 belonging to the lineage 2 Beijing, and using a new bioinformatical pipeline, TB-Annotator, that analyzes more than 50,000 characters, we characterized a phylogenetically significant L2 sublineage from isolates found in Tochigi province, that we designate as Asia Ancestral 5. These isolates harbor a number of specific criteria (42 specific SNPs) and their intra-cluster pairwise distance suggested historical and not epidemiological transmission. These isolates harbor a mutation in rpoC, and do not fulfill, either the Modern Beijing lineage criteria (L2.2.1.2.2) or the other currently known Ancestral Beijing lineages described so far. Asia Ancestral 5 isolates do not possess mutT2 58 and ogt 12 characteristics of Modern Beijing, but possess ancient evolutionary characteristics. By looking into the literature, we found in a reference isolate ID381, found in Kobe and Osaka, and defined as G3, 36 out of 42 shared and specific SNPs in the same sublineage. Using this study, we also confirmed the intermediate position of the Asia Ancestral 4 recently described in Thailand and suggest an improved classification of the L2 that now includes Asia Ancestral 4 and 5. Increasing the recruitment to around 3000 genomes (including 642 belonging to L2) confirmed our results and suggest new historical ancestral L2 phylogenetically relevant branches that remain to be investigated in detail. We discuss some anthropological and historical data from Japan history and its link to Korea and China. This study shows that the reconstruction of the early history of tuberculosis pandemia in Asia is likely to reveal complex patterns since its emergence.
A Dynamic Measure of Intentional Herd Behavior Causing Excess Volatility in U.S. Stock Markets (미국 주식시장의 초과변동성과 의도적 무리행동의 동태적 측정)

<b>English Abstract:</b> This paper suggests a dynamic measure of intentional herding, causing the excess volatility or even systemic risk in financial markets, which is based on a new concept of cumulative returns in the same direction as well as the collective behavior of all investors towards the market consensus. Differing from existing measures, the measure allows us to directly detect time-varying and market-wide intentional herding using the model of Dynamic Conditional Correlation (DCC) (Engle, 2002) between the financial market and its components that is partially free of spurious herding due to the inclusion of the variables of the number of economic news announcements as a proxy of market information. Strong evidence in favor of the dynamic measure over the other measures is based on empirical application in the U.S. markets (DJIA and S&amp;P100), supporting the tendency to exhibit time-varying intentional herding. More importantly, it is found that the impact of intentional herding on market volatility tends to be stronger during the periods of turbulent markets like the degradation of U.S. sovereign credit rating by S&amp;P, and be more significant in S&amp;P 100 than DJIA. <br><br><b>Korean Abstract:</b> 본 연구에서는 금융시장에서 초과변동성과 구조적 위험 등을 야기하는 의도적(intentional) 무리행동을 측정할 수 있는 보다 향상된 방법론을 제시하고자 하였다. 특히 기존의 무리 행동 측정에서 주로 활용되던 횡단면 표준편차 방법 대신 동태적 조건부 상관관계 모형(DCC)(Engle, 2000)을 추정함으로써 시변 동태적 무리행동을 직접 관측하는 방법을 사용하였으며, 이 과정에서 시장의 추세에 따라 무리지어 거래하는 투자자의 행태를 보다 명확히 관측하기 위해 일반적인 수익률 대신 가칭 CRS(Cunmulative Returns in the Same direction)를 활용하고, 공적 정보의 유입으로 발생하는 허위 무리행동에 비해 상대적으로 의도적 형태로 발생하는 무리행동을 구분하기 위해 정보의 강도(뉴스)를 통제하였다. 유럽의 재정위기 발생과 미국 신용등급 강등 시기를 포함하는 2010년 1월부터 2013년 5월까지 미국 금융시장(다우존스 산업지수와 S&amp;P100 지수)을 대상으로 분석을 수행한 결과 시장 스트레스 기간 동안 미국 금융시장에도 유의미한 의도적 무리행동이 관측되었으며, 특히 이 시기 의도적 무리행동의 발생이 시장 수익률의 변동성에 미치는 영향과 강도는 다우존스 산업지수에 비해 S&amp;P100 지수에서 더 강하게 나타나는 것으로 관측되었다.
A Time-varying Skewness Model for Growth-at-Risk

This paper studies macroeconomic risks in a panel of advanced economies based on a stochastic volatility model in which macro-financial conditions shape the predictive growth distribution. We find sizable time variation in the skewness of these distributions, conditional on the macro-financial environment. Tightening financial conditions signal increasing downside risk in the short term, but this link reverses at longer horizons. When forecasting downside risk, the proposed model, on average, outperforms existing approaches based on quantile regression and a GARCH model, especially at short horizons. In forecasting upside risk, it improves the average accuracy across all horizons up to four quarters ahead. The suggested approach can inform policy makers' assessment of macro-financial vulnerabilities by providing a timely signal of shifting risks and a quantification of their magnitude.
Current Account Targeting Hypothesis versus Twin Deficit Hypothesis: the EMU Experience of Portugal

We study the relationship between the government budget balance and the current account balance for Portugal, using quarterly data from 1999 to 2019. On the one hand, the causality tests find a unidirectional relation running from the current account balance to the government budget balance. On the other hand, IV estimations show a bi-directional relationship between these variables, and the existence of a bilateral relationship between the structural components of both balances. Even so, the policy implication is that the use of fiscal policy to correct the external imbalance, especially in an economic crisis, is not substantial, due to the small size of the estimated impact. In addition, with an ARDL model, we find a negative long run relationship between the share of public consumption on GDP and the current account balance. As expected, the variation of real public consumption produces an adverse accumulated response on the current account balance. Finally, the investment rate negatively affects the cyclical component of the current account balance and contributes to the structural improvement of the budget balance.
The Impact of Ethical Factors Within Corporate Social Responsibility on Engineers’ Attitudes Towards Corporate Decline – V4 Countries Empirical Study

The aim of the study was to examine the impact of selected ethical factors of business on the perception of defined attributes of decline in the small and medium-sized enterprises sector in the V4 countries. The perception of ethical business factors between entrepreneurs - engineers and entrepreneurs - non-engineers was evaluated. The study underscores the need for a permanent implementation of CSR analyses in a multi-level perspective that allows the integration of different theoretical frameworks, it says.The results of the study justify the need to carry out deeper structured analyses of the ethical aspects of Micro-CSR business at individual or group level, taking into account multiple categorization lines. The study confirmed the psychological effects of perceived CSR on the decline of a company. This can be very advantageous in identifying opportunities for a better use of CSR strategies and in creating adaptive CSR concept platforms.
How Americans Respond to Idiosyncratic and Exogenous Changes in Household Wealth and Unearned Income

We study how Americans respond to idiosyncratic and exogenous changes in household wealth and unearned income. Our analyses combine administrative data on U.S. lottery winners with an event-study design that exploits variation in the timing of lottery wins. Our first contribution is to estimate the earnings responses to these windfall gains, finding significant and sizable wealth and income effects. On average, an extra dollar of unearned income in a given period reduces pre-tax labor earnings by about 50 cents, decreases total labor taxes by 10 cents, and increases consumption by 60 cents. These effects are heterogeneous across the income distribution, with households in higher quartiles of the income distribution reducing their earnings by a larger amount. Our second contribution is to develop and apply a rich life-cycle model in which heterogeneous households face non-linear taxes and make earnings choices along both intensive and extensive margins. By mapping this model to our estimated earnings responses, we obtain informative bounds on the impacts of two policy reforms: an introduction of UBI and an increase in top marginal tax rates. Our last contribution is to study how additional wealth and unearned income affect a wide range of behavior, including geographic mobility and neighborhood choice, retirement decisions and labor market exit, family formation and dissolution, entry into entrepreneurship, and job-to-job mobility. Institutional subscribers to the NBER working paper series, and residents of developing countries may download this paper without additional charge at www.nber. org.
Bronze disease: synthesis and characterisation of botallackite, paratacamite and atacamite by infra-red spectroscopy

The three naturally occurring isomers of basic copper chloride, Cu 2 (OH) 3 C1, botallackite, paratacamite and atacamite, can be easily prepared from the reaction of cupric chloride with calcium carbonate, copper metal with cupric chloride and cuprous chloride with moisture, respectively. In contrast, variability in the nature of the isomer produced by other laboratory syntheses is observed. Botallackite, paratacamite and atacamite are readily distinguished by infra-red spectroscopy particulariy in the region 1000-300cm -1 , and this technique provides a quick and simple method for identifying the presence of one or a mixture of isomers on bronze antiquities. The infra-red spectra are illustrated.
The Tax Complexity Index – A Survey-Based Country Measure of Tax Code and Framework Complexity

This paper introduces the Tax Complexity Index (TCI). The TCI comprehensively measures the complexity of countries’ corporate income tax systems faced by multinational corporations. It builds on surveys of highly experienced tax consultants of the largest international tax services networks. The TCI is composed of a tax code subindex covering tax regulations and a tax framework subindex covering tax processes and features. For a sample of 100 countries, we find that tax complexity varies considerably across countries, and tax code and framework complexity also vary within countries. Among others, tax complexity is strongly driven by the complexity of transfer pricing regulations in the tax code and tax audits in the tax framework. When analyzing the associations with other country characteristics, we identify different patterns. For example, we find a positive association of GDP with tax code complexity and a negative association with tax framework complexity, suggesting that highly economically developed countries tend to have more complex tax codes and less complex frameworks. Overall, the tax complexity measures can serve as valuable proxies in future research and supportive tools for a variety of firm decisions and national and international tax policy discussions.
Pricing with Samples

This paper studies the value of data for pricing purposes. Although pricing is central across industries, little is known about the minimal amount of data needed to achieve good pricing decisions. The present paper proposes a novel approach to quantify the informational content of data, through the introduction of a new class of robust data-driven policies and the development of factor-revealing dynamic programs. Studying the prototypical case of data coming in the form of samples from the willingness to pay of customers, we show that even a few samples (as few as 10) go a very long way in uncovering “good” prices. For example, quite strikingly, against a general class of distributions (monotone increasing hazard rate distributions), a single observation guarantees 64% of the performance an oracle with full knowledge of the distribution would achieve, two samples suffice to ensure 71%, and 10 samples guarantee 80% of such performance.
Pediatric middle meningeal artery embolization for chronic subdural hematoma: A case report

Background: The most common neuroradiological finding in pediatric nonaccidental trauma (NAT) is subdural hematoma (SDH). Management options for pediatric SDH range from conservative clinical surveillance to craniotomy or decompressive craniectomy. The middle meningeal artery (MMA) indirectly feeds the hematoma; thus, MMA embolization is an alternative or adjunct to current surgical treatments in adults. Herein, we present, to the best of our knowledge, the first reported case of successful MMA embolization in a pediatric patient as an adjunct to current standard treatment for chronic SDH (cSDH). Case Description: An 18-month-old male with a history of NAT presented at 5 months of age with an acute right parietal skull fracture and bilateral SDH treated with burr hole drainage. He was lost to follow-up until 15 months of age with an increased head circumference and new dysconjugate gaze. Imaging revealed a right-sided cSDH and underwent craniotomy. Six-week follow-up revealed significant improvement in the SDH but cSDH remained at the periphery of the craniotomy’s reach. The patient symptoms continued. The right-sided MMA embolization was offered as option to avoid repeat craniotomy. Follow-up CTs at 2 weeks, 3 months, and 6 months postprocedure revealed decrease of cSDH size and density. At 8-month follow-up, the patient continued to meet developmental milestones with near resolution of his dysconjugate gaze. Conclusion: This case report details the first successful use of MMA embolization in the treatment of pediatric cSDH as an adjunct to standard treatment. Further investigation of MMA embolization in pediatrics should be made to expand options available for cSDH in this patient population.