Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Novel Attention-Based Model for Semantic Segmentation of Prostate Glands Using Histopathological Images

One of the foremost causes of death in males worldwide is prostate cancer. The identification, detection and diagnosis of the same is very crucial in saving lives. In this paper, we present an efficient gland segmentation model using digital histopathology and deep learning. These methods have the potential to revolutionize medicine by identifying hidden patterns within the image. The recent improvements in data acquisition, processing and analysis of Deep Learning Models has made Artificial Intelligence driven healthcare a very lucrative area, in terms of data inference and delivering meaningful insights. This study presents an automated method for segmenting histopathological images of human prostate glands. The main focus is developing new methods for segmenting histopathological images of prostate gland using a multi-channel algorithm with an attention mechanism to detect important areas. We compare our results with a host of contemporary techniques and show that our method performs better at the segmentation task for histopathological imagery. Our method is able to delineate gland and background parts with an average Dice-coefficient of 0.9168. In this attention-based model we propose for semantic segmentation of prostate glands the potential to provide accurate segmentation versus tumor features, which has significant implications for medical screening applications.
Impact of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus on Pulmonary Function Tests

Background: Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder that may affect different organs including the lungs. Different studies have been published on the effects of diabetes mellitus on pulmonary function. A restrictive pattern of lung disorder was reported in some studies, whereas an obstructive pattern was suggested in others. The study aims to determine the impact of type 2 diabetes on pulmonary function tests (PFTs) and the type of respiratory disorder. Material and Methods: This observational study was conducted in Basrah City, Iraq. One hundred and eighty-two participants were enrolled and divided into 2 groups: 100 healthy (group1) and 82 patients with type2 diabetes mellitus (group 2). PFTs were estimated by a medical spirometer and measurements of several hematological tests were done for each individual. Results: We found a significant decline (p >0.05) in each of FEV1, FVC, PEF, and MVV and a significant increase in ELA in group 2. The restrictive pulmonary disorder was a higher percentage (24.39%) than obstruction (10.9%) and combined (2.43%). Conclusion: Pulmonary function tests were significantly affected by type2 DM and the percentages of different respiratory disorders were higher among group 2 than in group 1, with an increase in restrictive pattern.
THE MODERATING EFFECT OF POLYCHRONICITY IN THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN JOB DEMANDS AND WORK OUTCOMES

OF THE THESIS The Moderating Effect of Polychronicity in the Relationship Between Job Demands and Work Outcomes by Julianna N. Roy Master of Science in Psychology with a Concentration in Applied Psychology San Diego State University, 2021 Employees in fast-paced work environments are required to juggle various demands throughout the workday that can impact their levels of burnout, job satisfaction, and work engagement. Polychronicity, or a preference for multitasking, helps individuals to effectively switch between tasks and may serve to help employees manage their increased workloads in fast-paced environments. This study examined how polychronicity influences the relationship between the demands of workload, role overload, and role conflict to assess whether individuals who prefer multitasking feel that they are better equipped to overcome demands and therefore experience lower levels of burnout and higher levels of job satisfaction and work engagement. The present study included 152 participants who were surveyed through Prolific, an online crowdsourcing service that has emerged as an alternative to Amazon Mechanical Turk. Participants were required to be at least 18 years of age, employed in the United States, and working at least part-time. Results indicated that role overload and role conflict were both positively related to burnout and negatively related to job satisfaction. Role conflict was negatively related to work engagement. However, workload was not significantly related to any of the outcomes. Further examination showed workload was positively related to the exhaustion dimension of burnout, but not the disengagement dimension. Additionally, curve estimations of workload suggested that a potential curvilinear relationship may exist between workload and the outcomes. There was insufficient evidence for the moderating effect of polychronicity between the job demands and work outcomes. However, plots of the relationships suggest that some interactions may exist if a larger sample were utilized. Despite the lack of evidence to support the moderation hypotheses, this study suggests that future research should examine whether polychronicity can act as a buffer in the relationships between work demands and job outcomes.
Investigation of scale dependence and geomorphic stages of evolution through hypsometric analysis: a case study of Sirsa basin, western Himalaya, India

Hypsometric analysis is an important tool to identify and justify the erosional status, erosional processes, geologic and tectonic influences, and stage of landscape development of a basin. In this study, scale dependence of hypsometric integral (Ea) and hypsometric curve parameters were derived and analysed for various order sub-basins of Sirsa river. Here, Ea of higher order sub-basins are quite scale dependent and controlled by lithology; albeit Ea of all order sub-basins is independent of tectonic uplift. Based on Ea, all fourth and fifth order sub-basins were categorised in three classes. The analysis of hypsometric curve parameters showed that sub-basins of first category (Ea < 0.35) is characterised by upward-concave curve, fluvial process dominated and early old stage landscape. Sub-basins of second category (0.35 < Ea < 0.45) reflects concave-convex curve, dominance of fluvial process and mature landscape; whereas third category sub-basins (Ea > 0.45) are diffusive process dominated and belong to late youth to early mature stage.
Influence of Soil Reinforcement on Horizontal Displacement of MSE Wall

Mechanically stabilized earth(MSE) walls offer simpleconstructiontechniques,pleasing aesthetics,and cost-effectivesolutions as an alternative to conventional gravity walls. However, design and construction should be carefully evaluated to achieve satisfactory perfor- mance of the wall. A case study is presented on a MSE wall located on State Highway 342 in Lancaster, Texas. The horizontal movement of the MSE wall was between 300 and 450 mm within 5 years of construction. A forensic investigation was performed to determine the causes of the excessive movement. It was identified that inadequate reinforcement length was one of the contributing factors that caused horizontal displacement of the MSE wall. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of soil reinforcement on excessive movement of the MSE wall. As a part of the forensic investigation, two inclinometers were installed at the site to monitor any additional movement of the MSE wall. The inclinometer results suggested that the wall continued to move at an average rate of 4.5 mm/month during the investigation period. A finite-element (FE) program was used to simulate horizontal displacement and stability of the MSE wall. It was observed that the numerical modeling results were in good agreement with inclinometer results. A parametric study was conducted to identify the effects of soil reinforcement on horizontal movement at varied wall heights and backfill conditions. Numerical analyses results indicated that the effect of reinforcement stiffness was not significant at a wall height of 4 m compared with 8 and 12 m. The wall movement varied from 74 to 29 mm for an increase in reinforcement stiffness from 250 to 42,000kN= ma t 1:0H reinforcement length. The variations in displacement with reinforcementlengthssuggestedthatsubstantialreductionindisplacementoccurredforanincreaseinlength-height(L=H)ratiofrom0.5to0. 7. FEmodelingresultswereusedforsensitivityanalysisemployingastatisticalanalysisprogram.Basedontheanalyses,reinforcementlengthand stiffness wereidentified as influential factors for thehorizontal displacement of MSE walls at a specific height.DOI:10.1061/(ASCE)GM.1943- 5622.0000297. © 2014 American Society of Civil Engineers.
PhD Dissertation: Compact Models for Future Generation CMOS

Compact Models for Future Generation CMOS by Darsen Duane Lu Doctor of Philosophy in Engineering — Electrical Engineeing and Computer Sciences University of California, Berkeley Professor Chenming Hu, Chair Multiple-gate MOSFETs with superior short channel control are expected to replace planar CMOS in the near future. An accurate and computationally efficient compact transistor model is necessary to simulate circuits in multiple-gate MOSFET technologies. In this dissertation research, a compact multiple-gate MOSFET model, BSIM-MG is developed. BSIM-MG includes independent multi-gate compact model BSIM-IMG and common multi-gate compact model BSIM-CMG. We focus on BSIM-IMG for multiple-gate MOSFETs with independent frontand back-gates. The basic formulations for surface potential, drain current and charge are derived and verified against TCAD simulations with excellent agreements. The model preserves important property of multi-gate MOSFETs such as volume inversion. Non-ideal effects including short channel effects, length dependent back-gate coupling, transport models, leakage currents, parasitic resistances and capacitances, temperature effects and self heating are considered in the model. The model expressions are carefully formulated so that the symmetry of the source and drain is preserved. Rules for maintaining symmetry are discussed in this dissertation. For the common multi-gate transistor model BSIM-CMG, the basic expressions have been improved so that it is compatible with a novel non quasi-static effects modeling technique — charge segmentation. In addition, a parasitic source/drain resistance model is developed, including three components: the contact resistance, the spreading resistance, and the bias-dependent extension resistance. Both BSIM-CMG and BSIM-IMG models are verified against TCAD and measured data. The use of the FinFET compact model to predict manufacturing variation in a FinFET technology is further explored. The model matches measured data well for both the nominal case and the statistical distribution for NMOS threshold voltage as well as the read static noise margin. A non-Gaussian threshold voltage distribution is observed for nFET devices, and the compact model successfully captures the distribution. We further outlined and demonstrated a Monte-Carlo based procedure for designing FinFET SRAM cells using the extracted variation information.
Machine Learning in the Stochastic Analysis of Slope Stability: A State-of-the-Art Review

In traditional slope stability analysis, it is assumed that some “average” or appropriately “conservative” properties operate over the entire region of interest. This kind of deterministic conservative analysis often results in higher costs, and thus, a stochastic analysis considering uncertainty and spatial variability was developed to reduce costs. In the past few decades, machine learning has been greatly developed and extensively used in stochastic slope stability analysis, particularly used as surrogate models to improve computational efficiency. To better summarize the current application of machine learning and future research, this paper reviews 159 studies of supervised learning published in the past 20 years. The achievements of machine learning methods are summarized from two aspects—safety factor prediction and slope stability classification. Four potential research challenges and suggestions are also given.
Aeolian dynamics over a coastal foredune, Prince Edward Island, Canada

Near‐surface airflow over a morphologically simple, vegetated, 8 m high foredune with a small wave‐cut scarp was measured for onshore to oblique‐onshore conditions during a low‐moderate (5–6 m s‐1 ) wind event and a high velocity (11–18 m s‐1) sand‐transporting gale event. Flow across the foredune was characterized by significant flow compression and acceleration up and across the foredune during both events. During the gale, a pronounced jet (speed bulge) developed at the foredune crest, which increased in magnitude with increasing wind speed. The vertical (W) velocity component of the 3D flow field was positive (upwards) across the stoss slope under low wind conditions but negative (downwards) during gale wind conditions, with upslope acceleration. During the low velocity event, there was speed‐down within the vegetation canopy, as would be expected for a porous roughness cover. During the strong wind event there was speed‐up in the lower portion of the vegetation canopy, and this was found up the entire stoss slope. Sediment transport during the gale force event was substantial across the beach and foredune despite the moderate vegetation cover and minimum fetch. Aeolian suspension was evident in the lee of the dune crest. The observations presented herein show that strong storm winds are an effective mechanism for translating sediment landwards across a high vegetated foredune, contributing sediment to the stoss slope, crest and leeward slopes of the foredune and backing dunes. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Stress‐induced volume reduction of isolated pores in wet soil

This study deals with deformation of small pores in wet soils of relatively high bulk density such as in the final settlement phase of tilled or disturbed soils. Pore deformation was modeled by volume reduction of spherical voids embedded in a homogenous soil matrix. External constant stress and overburden were considered as steady stresses because the change in interaggregate contact stress under overburden is slow compared to the associated strain rate. In contrast, stress due to passage of farm implements was considered as transient because the rate of change of interaggregate stress is comparable with the strain rate. Rheological behavior of the soil matrix under steady and transient stresses was obtained from independent rheological measurements. Experimental data from the literature were used to illustrate the model. Model predictions of relative density compared favorably with experimental data for constant stress application as well as for constant strain rate experiments. Results showed that the rate of densification decreased as the relative density approached unity (complete pore closure) and the relative stress required for driving densification increased exponentially with increasing relative density.
Galvanic coupling and its effect on origin potential flotation system of sulfide minerals

The galvanic coupling formed in origin potential flotation systems of sulfide minerals can be divided into three types: sulfide mineral-sulfide mineral-water system; sulfide mineral-steel ball-water system; and sulfide mineral-sulfide mineral-collector system. In this paper, taking lead, zinc, iron sulfide mineral systems for examples,several models of galvanic coupling were proposed and the effects of galvanic coupling on flotation were discussed. A galvanic contact between galena (or sphalerite) and pyrite contributes to decreasing the content of zinc in lead concentrate, and enhances remarkably the absorption of collector on the galena surface. During grinding, due to galvanic interactions between minerals and steel medium, Fe(OH)3 formed covers on the cathodic mineral surface, affecting its floatability.
Factors affecting travellers' satisfaction with accessibility to public transportation

Accessibility to public transportation is one of the important attributes to assess the effectiveness of a transit system and the integration of transportation with land use. The level of accessibility can be a determining factor for users‟ perception and satisfaction with the overall transit system. Previous studies on travellers‟ satisfaction with public transportation focus on variables directly related to the service such as bus stop facilities, drivers‟ behaviour, schedule adherence, bus frequency, vehicle cleanliness etc. However, external and subjective variables such as how people perceive ease of access as a function of walking, biking or even driving to reach to the closest rail or bus stops got little attention. This research applies a panel binomial probit model to analyse the parametric relationship between the level of travellers‟ satisfaction with accessibility to public transport services and the socio-economic as well as mode-related variables (such as gender, age, occupation, public transport connectivity, car ownership etc.). The study also estimates the likelihood of travellers‟ satisfaction for each survey year using a German Mobility Panel (1997-2008). The modelling results indicate a remarkable relationship between the explanatory variables and satisfaction with accessibility to public transport. The probabilistic estimate also shows that there is a time variant effect of satisfaction with accessibility.
The Combination of Predictive Factors of Pharmacokinetic Origin Associates with Enhanced Disease Control during Treatment of Pediatric Crohn’s Disease with Infliximab

Infliximab (IFX) concentrations are a predictive factor (PF) of pharmacokinetic (PK) origin in the treatment of Crohn’s disease (CD). We evaluated Clearance, another PF of PK origin, either alone or in combination with concentrations. They were evaluated from two cohorts, the first designed to receive standard dosing (n = 37), and the second designed to proactively target therapeutic IFX concentrations (n = 108). Concentrations were measured using homogeneous mobility shift assay. Clearance was estimated using the nonlinear mixed effects methods with Bayesian priors. C-reactive protein-based clinical remission (<3 mg/L in the absence of symptoms) was used for the disease control outcome measure. Longitudinal changes in disease control due to factors including time, IFX concentration, and Clearance were analyzed using repeated event analysis. Change in objective function value (∆OFV) was calculated to compare concentration and Clearance. The results indicated that lower baseline Clearance and proactive dosing associated with enhanced disease control during induction (p < 0.01). Higher IFX concentrations and lower Clearance measured at the second, third, and fourth infusion yielded improved disease control during maintenance (p < 0.032). During maintenance, the association with disease control was better with Clearance than with concentrations (∆OFV = −19.2; p < 0.001), and the combination of both further minimized OFV (p < 0.001) with markedly improved clinical yield in the presence of both PF of PK origin. We conclude that the combination of IFX concentration and Clearance are better predictors of therapeutic outcome compared with either one alone.
PLANNING FOR PUBLIC TRANSPORT IN THE FUTURE: CHALLENGES OF A CHANGING METROPOLITAN MELBOURNE

This paper describes changes in transport mode usage and out-of-home activities occurring within the metropolitan area since the mid 1990s, as well as underlying changes in socio-demographics and other factors. The study is largely based on analyses of data from the Victorian Activity and Travel Survey (VATS), compiled by the Transport Research Centre at RMIT, for the period 1994 to 1999. The paper identifies emerging trends of relevance to public transport planning over the next couple of decades. Of particular importance is whether broader societal trends are likely to work for or against an expanded role for public transport. This is highly pertinent in view of the State Government's stated target of increasing public transport's share of motorised travel to 20 percent by 2020.
The progressive development and post-failure behaviour of deep-seated landslide complexes

The concept of progressive shear surface development remains to be fully understood. This study aims to investigate the mechanisms of progressive shear surface development to failure, and the subsequent post-failure behaviour, of deep-seated landslide complexes. Field samples, collected from the Ventnor deep-seated landslide complex, Isle of Wight have been tested in a series of bespoke triaxial and back pressured shear box tests, in which field failure conditions are simulated by elevating pore water pressures under a constant deviator stress. These laboratory simulations have been calibrated with a detailed analysis of ground movement, groundwater and antecedent rainfall relationships from real-time site monitoring records from the site. A model to explain the progressive failure of landslides in cohesive materials is proposed. The model demonstrates that pre-failure movement in landslides occurs during the progressive shear surface development through the development of micro-cracks within the slope. This process is active during periods when porewater pressures are sufficiently elevated in the slope. These micro-cracks eventually lengthen and coalesce as stresses concentrate at micro-crack tips, leading to the development of a singular shear surface which is observed as tertiary creep. The study confirms that the onset of ‘Saito linearity’ in 1/v – t space is associated with this tertiary creep phase. This mechanism can occur through time dependent creep at constant stresses from below the peak strength envelope. The results have been validated against real-world landslide monitoring data to provide a new understanding of the shear surface mechanisms operating within the Ventnor landslide. The results contribute new knowledge regarding the mechanisms of shear surface development and provide an improved understanding of these mechanisms by developing one of the first high quality data sets that combines laboratory and field data. Finally, the study provides a new method to inform future landslide behaviour predictions for deep-seated slope failures.