Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effects of Propofol and Propofol-Remifentanil Combinations on Haemodynamics, Seizure Duration and Recovery during Electroconvulsive Therapy

Objective This study aimed to evaluate the effects of adding different doses of remifentanil to propofol treatment compared with propofol alone with regard to parameters, including the seizure duration, haemodynamic changes and recovery time, in patients undergoing electroconvulsive therapy (ECT). Methods This study was designed as a self-controlled, prospective, double-blind investigation of 17 patients between the ages of 20 and 65 years who had planned treatment with ECT at a psychiatric clinic. Group P (propofol) was administered 10 mL of normal saline after 0.5 mg kg−1 intravenous (IV) bolus of propofol. Group R I (propofol plus remifentanil-1) was administered 1.5 μg kg−1 of remifentanil, and group R II (propofol plus remifentanil-2) was given 2 μg kg−1 of remifentanil after 0.5 mg kg−1 IV bolus of propofol. The haemodynamic variables after seizure and the seizure duration were recorded. Time to return to spontaneous respiration, eye opening and achieving Aldrete score >9 were recorded. Results The electroencephalography seizure duration was significantly longer in groups R I (34.7±13 s) and R II (34.9±12) than in group P (24±7.5). Motor seizure duration was longer in groups R I (29.70±12.8) and R II (28.1±10) than in group P (21±7.3). The amount of total propofol was 121±21 mg in group P, 69.4±2 mg in group R I and 67±17 mg in group R II. Times to eye opening, following simple commands, and achieving Aldrete score >9 were significantly shorter in groups R I and R II than in group P. Conclusion ECT is a safe and effective treatment for patients with psychiatric disorders. Propofol-remifentanil anaesthesia prolongs the seizure duration and shortens the recovery time, suggesting that this combination may particularly be well suited for use in this patient group.
Euthanasia and physician-assisted suicide: a systematic review of medical students’ attitudes in the last 10 years

This study aimed at examining the approval rate of the medical students’ regarding active euthanasia, passive euthanasia, and physician-assisted-suicide over the last ten years. To do so, the arguments and variables affecting students’ choices were examined and a systematic review was conducted, using PubMed and Web of Science databases, including articles from January 2009 to December 2018. From 135 identified articles, 13 met the inclusion criteria. The highest acceptance rates for euthanasia and physician-assisted suicide were from European countries. The most common arguments supporting euthanasia and physician-assisted suicide were the followings: (i) patient’s autonomy (n = 6), (ii) relief of suffering (n = 4), and (ii) the thought that terminally-ill patients are additional burden (n = 2). The most common arguments against euthanasia were as follows: (i) religious and personal beliefs (n = 4), (ii) the “slippery slope” argument and the risk of abuse (n = 4), and (iii) the physician’s role in preserving life (n = 2). Religion (n = 7), religiosity (n = 5), and the attributes of the medical school of origin (n = 3) were the most significant variables to influence the students’ attitude. However, age, previous academic experience, family income, and place of residence had no significant impact. Medical students' opinions on euthanasia and physician-assisted suicide should be appropriately addressed and evaluated because their moral compass, under the influence of such opinions, will guide them in solving future ethical and therapeutic dilemmas in the medical field.
Crystallization Behavior of Biodegradable Poly(L-lactic acid) Filled with a Powerful Nucleating Agent: N,N '-Bis(benzoyl) Suberic Acid Dihydrazide

N,N'-Bis(benzoyl) suberic acid dihydrazide (NA) as nucleating agent for poly(L-lactic acid) (PLLA) was synthesized from benzoyl hydrazine and suberoyl chloride, which was deprived from suberic acid via acylation. PLLA/NA samples were prepared by melt blending and a hot-press forming process. The nonisothermal and isothermal crystallization, spherulite morphology, and melting behavior of PLLA/NA with different contents of NA were investigated with differential scanning calorimetry, depolarized-light intensity measurement, scanning electron microscopy, polarized optical microscopy, and wide-angle X-ray diffraction. With the incorporation of NA, the crystallization peak became sharper and shifted to a higher temperature as the degree of supercooling decreased at a cooling rate of 1 degrees C/min from the melt. Nonisothermal crystallization indicated that the presence of NA accelerated the overall PLLA crystallization. In isothermal crystallization from the melt, the presence of NA affected the isothermal crystalline behaviors of PLLA remarkably. The addition of NA led to a shorter crystallization time and a faster overall crystallization rate; this meant that there was a heterogeneous nucleation effect of NA on the crystallization of PLLA. With the addition of 0.8% NA, the crystallization half-time of PLLA/NA decreased from 26.5 to 1.4 min at 115 degrees C. The Avrami theory was used to describe the kinetics of isothermal crystallization of the PLLA/NA samples. Also, with the presence of NA, the spherulite number of PLLA increased, and the spherulite size decreased significantly. (C) 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 121: 1408-1416, 2011
Correlation of Clinical Severity and Laboratory Parameters with Various Serotypes in Dengue Virus: A Hospital-Based Study

Objectives Dengue fever, being hyperendemic with analogous presentations as in many other acute febrile illnesses, poses a challenge in diagnosis during the acute stage. Additionally, the coexistence of multiple serotypes further complicates the disease prognosis. The study was undertaken to determine the dengue virus serotypes, clinical, and laboratory markers as predictors in the severity of infection. Methods A prospective study was conducted among 106 patients admitted with acute febrile illness having positive NS1 antigen/IgM ELISA. Clinical data were extracted from medical records including demographics, presence of comorbid conditions, clinical presentation, laboratory investigations, and course including length of hospital stay and outcome. Detection of dengue serotypes was done by multiplex reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT_PCR). Results Out of 106 RT-PCR-confirmed cases, DENV-3 was the most common serotype found in 56 (52.8%) patients, followed by DENV-3 and DENV-4 coinfection in 27 (25.4%) patients. Coinfection with more than one serotype was witnessed in our study. Raised liver enzymes and increased ferritin are good biomarkers in differentiating dengue from severe dengue with cutoff levels for AST (134 U/L), ALT (88 U/L), and ferritin (3670 ng/ml). Musculoskeletal, followed by gastrointestinal, manifestations were comparatively higher than respiratory and cutaneous manifestations. Conclusion This study provides more information on the dengue serotypes. The clinical spectrum along with laboratory parameters such as ferritin, liver enzymes, platelet can be used as potential biomarkers in prediction of dengue severity. The data demonstrated will be useful in early detection and monitoring of the disease.
Social capital as a source of happiness: evidence from a cross-country analysis

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explore the impact of social capital on happiness. The previous literature generally measures social capital using “generalized trust”, which is a narrow dimension of social capital. In this study, social capital is measured as a multidimensional concept consisting of generalized trust, institutional trust and trust on family, neighborhood and strangers.Design/methodology/approachThis study explores the relationship between social capital and average happiness using a panel data of 89 countries from 1980 to 2017. The empirical analysis is done by employing pooled OLS (POLS), fixed effects method (FEM), random effects method (REM) and system generalized method of moments.FindingsThe findings demonstrate that all measures of social capital are positively associated with happiness while comparatively institutional trust and generalized trust appear more significant for happiness. The findings are robust to different robustness checks. The findings document the importance of social capital for average happiness.Research limitations/implicationsThe research has certain limitations. First, the objective of study was to cover global sample of countries, however, the data series were not available for all countries. Second, the empirical is restricted to global evidence instead of exploring separate estimates for developed and developing world.Originality/valueThe findings document the importance of social capital for average happiness. The awareness of the importance of social capital needs to be increased. Government can develop such organizations or institutions that are conducive for social capital development.
Atopic dermatitis in South African children: Experience from a tertiary-care centre

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic, relapsing pruritic condition that is associated with significant morbidity and affects a patient’s quality of life. It is a disorder that manifests in many ways, ranging from mild disease amenable to treatment with skin emollients to severe disease that requires treatment with systemic immunosuppressants. The aetiology of AD is characterised by a complex interplay between skin barrier defects, genetic abnormalities, immunologic defects and microbial agents. [1] AD has been associated with poor sleep, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and poor school performance, thus revealing the considerable burden of AD on patients, their families and the society. [2] The prevalence of AD appears to be increasing worldwide, particularly in developing countries. [3] Although population-based studies are better for studying epidemiological trends, hospitalbased studies are not irrelevant as they can give insight into the burden of diseases, particularly in the healthcare system. Many studies regarding the clinical features and demography of AD have been described from people of European descent and these features are extrapolated and used globally. For example, flexural dermatitis, which is the typical description of AD, is more likely to manifest in the European American skin than the African American skin, with extensor lesions more commonly seen in the latter group. [4] Similarly, a report by Nnoruka[5] showed a higher prevalence of extensor lesions (70.3%) in Nigerian patients with AD, particularly among younger patients. Given the variation of features in different populations, it is important to describe AD in African skin. Diagnosis of AD is usually clinical, with investigations used to rule out other diagnoses, monitor treatment or confirm the presence of superimposed infections. Management modalities of AD include the use of moisturisers, topical and oral steroids, topical calcineurin inhibitors, phototherapy and systemic immunosuppressants. The mode of management is determined by the severity of the disease, affordability of certain drugs and clinicians’ mode of practice. For example, steroid phobia has been described in some parts of the world, but is less common in other regions. [6] With possible differences in the characteristics and management modalities in different populations, the study reported here focuses on AD in children predominantly of African descent.
Effect of laser rescanning on Ti6Al4V microstructure during selective laser melting

TC4, which is one of the most widely used titanium alloy, is frequently used in biomedical field due to its biocompatible. In this work, selective laser melting (SLM) was used to manufacture TC4 parts and the printed parts were heat-treated using laser rescanning technology. The experimental results showed that laser rescanning had a high impact on the quality of SLMed part, and a different performance on wear resistance can be found on the basis. It can be seen that the volume porosity of the sample was 7.6 ± 0.5% without using any further processing technology. The volume porosity of the sample processed using laser rescanning strategy was decreased and the square-framed rescanning strategy had a relative optimal volume porosity (1.5 ± 0.3%) in all these five samples. With the further decreasing of volume porosity, the wear resistance decreased at the same time. As its excellent bio-tribological properties, the square-framed rescanning may be a potential suitable strategy to forming TC4 which used in human body.
The association between witnessing cyberbullying and depressive symptoms and social anxiety among elementary school students

Cyberbullying is a significant problem among school-aged youth. Although a growing body of literature has documented the association between cyberbullying victimization and mental health risks, there is limited research examining the impact of witnessing cyberbullying, particularly among elementary school students. To address this gap, we conducted a cross-sectional study with elementary school students (N = 122). Students completed questionnaires assessing witnessing cyberbullying, witnessing school bullying, bullying victimization, depressive symptoms, and social anxiety. Regression analyses revealed that witnessing cyberbullying was positively associated with depressive symptoms ( = .25, p < .04) and social anxiety ( = .30, p < .01), even after controlling for frequency of witnessing school bullying and bullying victimization. Further, the moderating effect of witnessing school bullying was significant for depressive symptoms ( = -.44, p < .001) and social anxiety ( = -.31, p < .01), such that students who witnessed cyberbullying only reported the highest level of depressive symptoms and social anxiety. The moderating effect for bullying victimization was not significant. Findings suggest the importance of providing programs to support elementary school students who witness cyberbullying to reduce the mental health risks associated with being a cyberbullying bystander.
Simultaneous 2-D Imaging Measurements of Reaction Progress Variable and OH Radical Concentration in Turbulent Premixed Flames: Instantaneous Flame-Front Structure

Improved experimental techniques for the joint two-dimensional measurement of reaction progress variable and OH mole fraction, detailed in a companion paper (Chen and Bilger, 2001), are applied here to the investigation of the instantaneous flame-front structure in turbulent premixed flames. The flames are of natural-gas/air mixtures and are pilot-stabilized on the Bunsen-type burner used by Frank et al. (1999). Multiple joint image pairs show distortion and folding of the preheat zone in the reaction progress variable images at the higher turbulence levels in the range investigated. A modified interaction length scale, ϱm, is defined to describe this phenomenon which occurs when ϱm > δth, where δth is the thermal flame front thickness of an unstretched laminar flame determined from the maximum temperature gradient. Significant departures from flamelet structure are found for spatial derivatives of the progress variable and for OH concentrations. It appears that these quantitative effects persist for ϱm < δth and that a new regime of “flame fronts with complex strain” exists where δth > η and ϱm < δth with η being the Kolmogoroff scale. In this regime, the effects of the turbulence are not sufficient to distort the lamellar-like appearance of the flame front. At scales just larger than the Kolmogoroff scale, strong spatial and temporal variations in the strain-rate tensor occur. These are evidently sufficient to cause significant departure of the quantitative structure of the front from that found for laminar flames subjected to the simple straining used in laminar flamelet modelling of turbulent premixed combustion.
Laboratory Studies of Small Strain Stiffness and Modulus Degradation of Warsaw Mineral Cohesive Soils

The shear modulus and normalized shear modulus degradation curve are the fundamental parameters describing soil behavior. Thus, this article is focused on the stiffness characteristic of 15 different Warsaw cohesive soli represented by the parameters mentioned above. In this research, standard resonant column tests were performed in a wide shear strain range, from a small one, where soil behaves like an elastic medium, to a medium one, where soil has an unrecoverable deformation. Collected data allows the authors to create empirical models describing stiffness characteristics with high reliability. The maximum shear modulus calculated by the proposed equation for Warsaw cohesive soil had a relative error of about 6.8%. The formula for normalized shear modulus estimated G/GMAX with 2.2% relative error. Combined empirical models for GMAX, and G/GMAX allow the evaluation of Warsaw cohesive soil’s shear modulus value in a wide shear deformation range, with a very low value of the relative error of 6.7%.
Preeclampsia: Сardiotonic Steroids, Fibrosis and a Hint to Cancerogenesis

Despite prophylaxis and attempts to select a therapy, the frequency of preeclampsia does not decrease, and it still takes the leading position in the structure of maternal mortality and morbidity worldwide. In this review, we present a new theory of the etiology and pathogenesis of preeclampsia which is based on the interaction of Na/K-ATPase and its endogenous ligands including marinobufagenin. The signaling pathway of marinobufagenin involves an inhibition of transcriptional factor Fli1, a negative regulator of collagen synthesis, followed by deposition of collagen in the vascular tissues and altered vascular functions. Moreover, in vitro and in vivo neutralization of marinobufagenin is associated with restoration of Fli1. The inverse relationship between marinobufagenin and Fli1 opens new possibilities in the treatment of cancer: since Fli1 is a proto-oncogene, a hypothesis on suppression of Fli1 by cardiotonic steroids as potential anti-tumor therapeutic strategy is discussed as well. We propose a novel therapy of preeclampsia which is based on immunoneutralization of the marinobufagenin by monoclonal antibodies, which is capable to impair marinobufagenin-Na/K-ATPase interactions.
Flotation Separation of Chalcopyrite and Molybdenite Assisted by Microencapsulation Using Ferrous and Phosphate Ions: Part I. Selective Coating Formation

Porphyry Cu-Mo deposits, which are the most important sources of copper and molybdenum, are typically processed by flotation. In order to separate Cu and Mo minerals (mostly chalcopyrite and molybdenite), the strategy of depressing chalcopyrite while floating molybdenite has been widely adopted by using chalcopyrite depressants, such as NaHS, Na2S, and Nokes reagent. However, these depressants are potentially toxic due to their possibility to emit H2S gas. Thus, this study aims at developing a new concept for selectively depressing chalcopyrite via microencapsulation while using Fe2+ and PO43− forming Fe(III)PO4 coating. The cyclic voltammetry results indicated that Fe2+ can be oxidized to Fe3+ on the chalcopyrite surface, but not on the molybdenite surface, which arises from their different electrical properties. As a result of microencapsulation treatment using 1 mmol/L Fe2+ and 1 mmol/L PO43−, chalcopyrite was much more coated with FePO4 than molybdenite, which indicated that selective depression of chalcopyrite by the microencapsulation technique is highly achievable.
Value-based conflicts experienced by junior design professionals in collaborative practice

ABSTRACT Junior design professionals experience conflicts in collaboration with others, with value differences being one of the issues influencing such conflicts. In a retrospective interview study with 22 design professionals, we collected 32 cases of perceived conflicts. We used a grounded theory approach to analyse these cases, resulting in five conflict categories that group 24 distinct value differences arising in 10 critical moments, an event that causes the value-based conflict. Thus, value differences are underlying the perceived conflicts of junior design professionals on many different occasions during collaboration with others. Conclusions are drawn on setting up guidelines for addressing values in co-design practices and supporting junior designers in their professional development.
The Effects of Violence Against Women

This paper is addressing a theoretical review of the violence against women, as reported and described by world health and human rights organizations, but also by women's advocacy and NGOs for women's rights. There were sketched the main definitions and framing of the acts of violence against girls and women, as well as the effects of violence against women, individually – on the physical, emotional, and mental health of the victim - and socially, in terms of long-term costs in providing support and specialized treatment to victims and their caregivers.
Endoscope-assisted transcranial surgery for anterior skull base meningiomas

Anterior skull base meningiomas are benign, dural-based tumors that originate from the tuberculum sellae, planum sphenoidale or olfactory groove. A multitude of traditional transcranial approaches have been effectively used for resection of these tumors. However, in the era of minimally invasive neurosurgery, the endoscopic endonasal and the endoscope-assisted or endoscope-controlled supraorbital keyhole eyebrow approaches stand out as the two main options utilized to resect these tumors. The supraorbital keyhole approach minimizes brain retraction, tissue dissection and length of the skin incision. Consequently, this approach is associated with a lower complication profile and much better cosmetic results in comparison to classic approaches. With endoscopic assistance or control, the approach provides an excellent view of anterior skull base meningiomas and enables optic nerve decompression when angled scopes are used. In our opinion, endoscopes will ultimately replace the surgical microscopes as the viewing tools in this type of surgery. A limited number of studies have directly compared the endoscopic endonasal approach versus the supraorbital keyhole one for resection of anterior cranial base meningiomas. In these studies, scores and algorithms have been suggested to help select the suitable approach. The practical value of these algorithms still needs to be validated by further research. Although the endoscope-assisted or -controlled supraorbital keyhole approach offers a minimally invasive and highly effective approach for excision of anterior cranial base meningiomas, the ideal approach should be tailored to the individual patient according to the tumor size, lateral extension, optic canal involvement, extent of vascular encasement and surgeon’s experience.