Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Social care‐related quality of life of people with dementia and their carers in England

Abstract People with dementia and their carers are a growing subgroup of people who use community‐based social care. These services are designed to maintain people's quality of life while living at home. The ASCOT measure of social care‐related quality of life (SCRQoL), designed to evaluate quality and effectiveness of social care, has been adapted for proxy‐report when someone is unable to self‐report. The ASCOT‐Carer has been developed to measure carer's own SCRQoL. This study sought to establish the factors related to SCRQoL of people living with dementia (PLWD, proxy‐reported by carers) and their carers. Data were collected via a self‐administered postal or online survey of 313 carers in England, from January 2020 to April 2021. Carers were eligible if they supported someone living with dementia at home, who was unable to self‐complete questionnaires. The person living with dementia or their carer had to use at least one social care service, e.g. home care. We recruited participants via an online volunteer panel and NHS sites. Multiple regression was applied to explore the factors significantly related to ASCOT SCRQoL by self‐ and proxy‐report. Key influences on carers’ own SCRQoL were their health, financial difficulties associated with caring, and satisfaction with social care support. Inadequate home design was significantly negatively associated with SCRQoL for PLWD. The latter stages of the pandemic‐related restrictions (the tier system from 2nd December 2020 to study end, April 2021) were associated with significantly worse SCRQoL for PLWD, but not for carers. The study offers insight into the factors associated with SCRQoL. In particular, the findings highlight the importance of adequate home design for people with dementia; satisfactory social care support and limiting any adverse financial impact of caring are important for carers. The findings indicate a negative effect of COVID restrictions on SCRQoL of people with dementia.
Dynamics of a High-Speed Rail Vehicle Negotiating Curves at Unsteady Crosswind

Rail vehicles in everyday operation experience large lateral influences from curves and track imperfections, yielding large suspension deflections and displacements of the carbody relative to the track. Aerodynamic loads caused by crosswind may deteriorate the conditions that can result in vehicle overturning. This study investigates the influence of crosswind on a high-speed rail vehicle negotiating a curve. A multi-body simulation model of a high-speed rail vehicle is subjected to unsteady aerodynamic loads. The vehicle response is studied for different gusts, and variations of some vehicle parameters are performed.
Theory and Application of Axisymmetric Endwall Contouring for Compressors

Engine operating range and efficiency are of increasing importance in modern compressor design for heavy duty gas turbines and aircraft engines. These highly challenging objectives can only be met if all components provide high aerodynamic performance and stability. The aerodynamic losses of highly loaded axial compressors are mainly influenced by the leakage flow through clearance gaps. Especially the leakage flow due to the radial clearances of rotor blades affects negatively both, the efficiency and the operating range of the engine. Recent publications showed that the clearance flow and the clearance vortex can be influenced by an additional static pressure gradient at the outer casing, which is created by an axisymmetric wavy casing shape. A notable performance increase of up to 0.4% stage efficiency at design point conditions was reported for high pressure stages with large tip clearance heights [1] as well as for a transonic stage with a relatively small radial clearance gap [2]. An analytic approach to predict the effects of axisymmetric casing contouring has been developed at DLR, Institute of Propulsion Technology, and is outlined in the first part of this work. The characteristic behavior of the clearance vortex in an adverse pressure gradient is discussed by means of an inviscid vortex model [3]. The critical vortex parameters are isolated and related to the static pressure increase due to the casing contour. The second part illustrates the application of an axisymmetric endwall contour. A three dimensional optimization of the outer casing and the corresponding blade tip airfoil section of a typical gas turbine high pressure compressor stage with a high number of free variables is presented. The optimization led to a significant increase in aerodynamic performance of about 0.8% stage efficiency and to a notable reduction of the endwall blockage at ADP conditions. Furthermore, an improved off-design performance was found and a simple design rule is given to transfer both, the casing contour and the blade tip section modification on similar high pressure compressor blades. Based on these design rules the results of the optimized stages were applied to the rear stages of a Siemens gas turbine compressor CFD model. An increase of 0.3% full compressor performance was reached at design point conditions. © 2011 ASME
Pathway-Related Factors: The Potential for Human Data to Improve the Scientific Basis of Risk Assessment

The default uncertainty factors used for risk assessment are applied either to allow for different aspects of extrapolation of the dose-response curve or to allow for database deficiencies. Replacement of toxicokinetic or toxicodynamics defaults by chemical-specific data allows the calculation of a chemical-specific “data-derived factor”, which is the product of chemical-specific values and default uncertainty factors. Such chemical-specific composite values will improve the scientific basis of the risk assessment of that chemical, but the necessary chemical-specific data are rarely available. Categorical defaults related to pathways of elimination and mechanisms of toxicity could be used when the overall fate or mechanism is known, but there are no chemical-specific data sufficient to allow replacement of the default, and the development of an overall data-derived factor. The development of pathway-related categorical defaults is being undertaken using data on selected probe substrates for which adequate data are available. The concept and difficulties of this approach are illustrated using data for CYP1A2.
Scope for lean implementation: a survey of 127 Indian industries

Lean manufacturing is a plethora of principles that focus on cost reduction by identifying and eliminating non-value added activities. Indian industry is still struggling to implement lean principles and philosophies. Through this paper, an attempt has been made to identify the scope for lean implementation in Indian industry which forces the Indian industry to adopt lean manufacturing initiatives. A questionnaire is prepared after identifying 26 issues of lean implementation with discussion to industrial personals and sent to 300 Indian industries. The responses of 127 industries were received on a five-point scale ranging from very low to very high. By applying factor analysis, 26 lean issues were reduced in to five broad categories, i.e., customers issues, organisational issues, supplier issues, market issues and top management issues. Further descriptive statistics was used to find the importance of lean issues to Indian industry.
Health Disparities in Delirium

Abstract Racial and ethnic minority populations in the US experience greater cumulative disease burden, as well as social and economic barriers, stressors, and limited advocacy/access to culturally informed healthcare. This increased risk burden is expected to be associated with an increased risk for delirium during acute care encounters. Previous studies on health disparity and delirium are limited and report equivocal findings regarding delirium incidence, possibly related to sample bias or non-validated measures. Risk for delirium during acute care in health disparity populations (HDP) that include Black African Americans (BAA) and Hispanic-Latinx (HL) has not been systematically studied using validated measures. We conducted a retrospective analysis utilizing our delirium program (ADAPT) registry that systematically assessed all hospitalized patients through their entire hospital stay for the years 2018-2019 (36K patients, 80% NHW, 11% HL, 9% BAA). The Confusion Assessment Method (CAM and CAM-ICU) and Richmond Agitation Sedation Scale (RASS) were used as screening assessments to identify delirium. We know from previous studies that negative CAM results in our environment have high specificity. The incidence of delirium between populations was compared using a chi-square test. Delirium incidence was higher in HDP (BAA combined with HL) compared to NHW in 71-80yo (16.0% vs 12.6%, p=0.003). Delirium incidence was not different in all other age groups compared; <65yo (p=0.191), 61-70yo (p=0.223), 81-90yo (p=0.644). Understanding the association, or lack thereof, between health disparities, ethnic and race-based risks for delirium is expected to provide important insights into more focused delirium assessment, prevention and mitigation strategies in these populations.
On the coupling of an external electromagnetic field to a printed circuit board trace

Compact analytical solutions are developed for the terminal responses of a printed circuit board (PCB) trace exposed to an external electromagnetic field in the frequency and time domain. The analysis based on transmission line theory in a scattered voltage formulation uses a quasi-TEM propagation model for the trace and the exact distribution of the external electric field within the air/dielectric medium for the excitation terms. From the general solutions obtained for arbitrary wave incidence and terminal impedances, several much simpler approximations are derived revealing the principal behavior and indicating the relevant parameters to minimize the coupling. Practical examples with a comparison of the different results are presented.
Proton and heavy ion upsets in GaAs MESFET devices

Proton and heavy SEU data has been obtained for devices made by several GaAs MESFET manufacturers. Proton energy dependence and proton and heavy ion upset cross sections are reported. Measurements of charge collection from latches designed with various gate widths show that charge collection depths appear deeper than the 1 mu m depth expected. Critical charge does not scale linearly with area. Proton upset cross sections are reduced with increased device width. >
Foresight Readiness Assessment for Saudi Organizations

Foresight has been used by organization as a strategy to support decision makers in situations that involve long lead times, such as long-term labor market planning, education and training for skills development and anticipation. The objective of this paper is to assess the readiness of Saudi organizations to adopt and practice foresight methods in their strategies to achieve the strategic goals set in the National Vision 2030. Following a literature review on foresight studies worldwide, a survey questionnaire was designed, tested and administered online to organizations in government, private and academic institutions. The responses from 221 respondents will be analyzed and discussed in the paper. The results show a relatively high degree of readiness of Saudi organizations to adopt foresight methods as means to achieve their strategic objective and to be ready for future scenarios that will be dictated by the technological transformations brought by the new trend of Industry 4.0 and the economic and social transformations planned in the 2030 vision.
Non-Gaussian Effects and Robust Location Estimates of Aggregated Calibrated Visibilities

In the Hydrogen Epoch of Reionization Array (HERA) analysis pipeline, following the full calibration of individual datasets, complex visibilities undergo a round of median absolute deviation (MAD)-clipping at the 4σ level and are then mean averaged in Local Sidereal Time (LST). This procedure assumes an underlying Gaussian distribution for the visibility data, takes a cartesian approach when clipping and averaging (about the Re and Im components separately), and employs a clipping threshold that is somewhat ad hoc. In this memorandum, we visualize these visibilities as they are aggregated in LST and across redundant baselines, and test for the normality of these distributions. We further present and use the geometric median, a robust multivariate technique for location estimation, to better represent the data. We compare this robust estimate to the established clipping + mean approach in both the visibility and power spectrum (PS) domains.
New Urban Diversity at and after the Economic Downturn: Recent Trajectories of Ethnic Segregation in Central European Cities

* Department of Local and Regional Studies, Institute of Sociology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Czechia. Address for correspondence: martin.simon@soc.cas. cz. ** Department of Social Geography and Regional Development, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czechia. Addresses for correspondence: ivana.krizkova@natur.cuni. cz, klsaka@natur.cuni. cz. © The Author(s) 2021. Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. New Urban Diversity at and after the Economic Downturn: Recent Trajectories of Ethnic Segregation in Central European Cities Martin Šimon* , Ivana Křížková** , Adam Klsák**
Analysis and suppression of high-frequency inverter modulation in sensorless position-controlled induction machine drives

This paper focuses on the modulation of high-frequency (HF) currents required for sensorless position control of induction machine drives. Such drives can be realized by using the modulating effect of the rotor slots or from an engineered rotor saliency. Distortion due to saturation is known to cause a deterioration in the rotor position estimate. This paper reports a hitherto unreported distortion arising from inverter deadtime that will affect all sensorless drives using HF injection techniques. The deadtime distortion behaves in a similar way to that of saturation but has some specific characteristics that are presented in this work. Standard deadtime compensation techniques reduce but do not eliminate the distorting modulation. The residual distortion should be suppressed for good position estimation. The paper presents a new compensation strategy termed space modulation profiling which is effective in suppressing the HF modulations due to inverter deadtime and saturation saliencies. Experimental results show the sensorless drive under heavy load for zero-speed and transient operation.
Stigma among tuberculosis patients and associated factors in urban slum populations in Uganda

Background Stigma continues to be a major barrier to tuberculosis (TB) control particularly in urban populations. Stigma can influence health seeking behaviour and affect adherence to TB treatment, yet few studies have examined TB related stigma and associated factors in Uganda. This study was therefore conducted to determine the level of stigma and associated factors among TB patients in an urban setting in Kampala, Uganda. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted in Makindye division, Kampala among 204 patients with TB aged 18 years and above. Data were collected on socio-demographic, individual patient and HIV/AIDS related factors using an interviewer administered questionnaire. The outcome variable (stigma) was assessed on a four-point Likert scale from the participants' perspective. Stigma scores ranged from 0 to 36 which were summed up and a median stigma score calculated. Individuals with a stigma score equal or greater than the median were categorized as having high stigma. A multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to determine factors associated with TB stigma. Results Over half (52%) of the participants were found to have high TB stigma. Knowing someone who had died of TBAOR = 4.42, 95% CI (1.69 – 11.50) and believing that TB and HIV symptoms were similarAOR = 3.05, 95% CI (1.29 – 7.22) were positively associated with high TB stigma. The odds of having high stigma were 79% lower among individuals who had been previously treated for TBAOR = 0.21, 95% CI (0.09 – 0.52). Conclusions Stigma towards TB was high in this urban population and mainly associated with knowing a person who had died of TB, perception that symptoms of TB are similar to those of HIV/AIDS, and previous TB treatment. Interventions to mitigate TB stigma are needed in urban populations and should also address HIV/AIDS related stigma.
Selective maintenance modeling for a multistate system with multistate components under imperfect maintenance

In many industrial environments, maintenance is performed during successive mission breaks. In these conditions, it may not be feasible to perform all possible maintenance actions due to limited maintenance resources such as time, budget, repairman availability, etc. A subset of maintenance actions is then performed on selected components such that the system is able to meet the next mission requirement. Such a maintenance policy is called selective maintenance. In this article, a selective maintenance strategy is developed for a MultiState System (MSS). The system can have several finite levels of performance in an MSS. Previous studies on selective maintenance have solely focused on MSSs with binary components. However, components in an MSS may be in more than two possible states. Hence, a series-parallel MSS that consists of multistate components is considered in this article. Imperfect maintenance of a component is considered to be a maintenance option, along with the replacement and the do-nothing options. Maintenance resources need to be allocated such that maximum system reliability during the next mission is ensured. A universal generating function is used to determine system reliability. An illustrative example is presented that depicts the advantages of utilizing imperfect maintenance/repair options.
IFN-γ-independent control of M. tuberculosis requires CD4 T cell-derived GM-CSF and activation of HIF-1α

The prevailing model of protective immunity to tuberculosis is that CD4 T cells produce the cytokine IFN-γ to activate bactericidal mechanisms in infected macrophages. Recent evidence has expanded this model, and it is now clear that CD4 T cells can control M. tuberculosis infection in the absence of IFN-γ production. To identify factors and pathways involved in IFN-γ-independent control, we developed a co-culture model using CD4 T cells isolated from the lungs of infected mice and M. tuberculosis-infected murine bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs). We show that IFN-γ-independent control is primarily mediated by CD4 T cell production of the cytokine GM-CSF and requires activation of the macrophage transcription factor HIF-1α. HIF-1α activation drives a metabolic shift toward aerobic glycolysis and leads to the production of lipid droplets, both of which support host defense against infection. Surprisingly, recombinant GM-CSF is insufficient to rescue the absence of control by GM-CSF-deficient CD4 T cells during co-culture with BMDMs. In peritoneal macrophages, GM-CSF is sufficient to control growth, induces lipid droplet biogenesis, and requires HIF-1α expression for control. While HIF-1α-mediated control following IFN-γ stimulation requires nitric oxide, we find that HIF-1α activation by CD4 T cells and recombinant GM-CSF is nitric oxide-independent, implying a distinct pathway of activation. In addition to GM-CSF, CD4 T cells produce a factor that helps maintain phagosome membrane integrity during infection and blocks bacterial access to host lipids, a primary nutrient source. These results advance our understanding of CD4 T cell-mediated immunity to M. tuberculosis, clarify the role of nitric oxide as primarily immunomodulatory during M. tuberculosis infection, and reveal a novel mechanism for the activation of HIF-1α. Furthermore, we establish a previously unknown functional link between GM-CSF and HIF-1α and provide evidence that CD4 T cell-derived GM-CSF is a potent bactericidal effector.
Identification-Robust Inference With Simulation-Based Pseudo-Matching

Abstract We develop a general simulation-based inference procedure for partially specified models. Our procedure is based on matching auxiliary statistics to simulated counterparts where nuisance parameters are calibrated neither assuming identification of parameters of interest nor a one-to-one binding function. The conditions underlying the asymptotic validity of our (pseudo-)simulators in conjunction with appropriate bootstraps are characterized beyond the strict and exact calibration of the parameters of the simulator. Our procedure is illustrated through impulse-response (IR) matching in a simulation study of a stylized dynamic stochastic equilibrium model, and two empirical applications on the New Keynesian Phillips curve and on the Industrial Production index. In addition to usual Wald-type statistics that combine structural or reduced form IRs, we analyze local projections IRs through a factor-analytic measure of distance which eschews the need to define a weighting matrix.
The influence of culture on accounting judgment – Evidence from Poland and the United Kingdom

Abstract This study investigates whether national culture influences judgments made by Polish and British accounting professionals when interpreting selected International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) that contain uncertainty expressions. We provide evidence from the Central and Eastern European (CEE) region, which is under-investigated in this stream of research. The motivation for this research was provided by the inference that IFRS may not be suitable in Poland because it is a country with significant differences from the profile that best suits application of IFRS. We explicitly test Hofstede-Gray’s theoretical framework with respect to conservatism and secrecy values at the individual level. To illustrate core cultural differences (especially in patterns of thinking) between the examined countries, we do not solely rely on the Hofstede theory, but also draw on sociological and historical literature. We do not confirm that national culture, at least based on Hofstede—Gray framework, influences interpretation of uncertainty expressions that require accounting judgment. We find no support neither for Gray’s conservatism nor for secrecy hypotheses. This suggests that, in the era of IFRS convergence in the European Union, Hofstede-Gray’s framework may have lost its explanatory power in cross-cultural research or is simply not suitable for explaining cultural differences. Additionally, the data analysis reveals that apart from work experience and statutory auditor or chartered accountant qualification, the other personal and professional characteristics of accountants controlled for in our study do not influence their judgments.
Discharge characteristics to insulated material

Lightning strikes not only metallic objects such as transmission towers and lightning rods but also insulated material such as blades of wind turbines. The discharge characteristics of insulated material are, however, not clarified till now. In this paper, discharge characterisitics of insulated material have been investigated experimentally using a 12‐MV impulse generator. The effects of polarities of the applied voltages and surface conditions of the insulation material are also studied and it is found that pollution on the surface decreases the sparkover voltage drastically. Copyright © 2007 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.