Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Cranial morphology of Sinornithosaurus millenii Xu et al. 1999 (Dinosauria: Theropoda: Dromaeosauridae) from the Yixian Formation of Liaoning, China

The recent discovery of the early dromaeosaurid Sinornithosaurus millenii Xu et al. 1999 is especially important for our understanding of maniraptoran evolution, particularly of avian origins. This paper presents a thorough description of the skull of this species, revises the diagnosis based on cranial features, and discusses similarities to those of other dromaeosaurids and Archaeopteryx. Distinctive cranial characteristics of S. millenii include the presence of a deep excavation on the posteroventral margin of the premaxilla, a diastema between the premaxillary and maxillary teeth, a number of pits and ridges on the anterolateral surface of the antorbital fossa, long posterolateral process of the parietal that are sharply posteriorly directed, the column-like margin of the pterygoid process of the quadrate, the bifurcated posterior end of the dentary, and a distinctive groove posterior to the anterior carina on the lingual surface of the premaxillary tooth crowns. The present study on the skull of S. millenii provides new information on the poorly known cranial anatomy of dromaeosaurid dinosaurs, revealing that dromaeosaurids share more similarities with Archaeopteryx than previously thought. It also provides evidence suggesting that early dromaeosaurids are more bird-like than the later, more derived ones, thus contradicting claims that more bird-like dinosaurs appeared later in fossil record than the earliest birds.
CAESAR: Summary Statistics for the Adult Population (Ages 18-65) of the United States of America

Abstract : The Civilian American and European Surface Anthropometry Resource (CAESAR) project was a survey of the civilian populations of three countries: The United States of America (USA), The Netherlands, and Italy. It was carried out by the US Air Force, with the help of 1) the contractor, Sytronics Inc., 2) The Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), and 3) a consortium of companies under the umbrella of the Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE). The sampling strategy used was a stratified sample with gender, ethnicity, and age categories all equally sampled. To arrive at summary statistics for the USA, the data were weighted using the data from the National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey III (NHANES III) and the US Census from 1990.
Recent environmental changes in Laguna Mar Chiquita (central Argentina): a sedimentary model for a highly variable saline lake

Abstract Laguna Mar Chiquita, a highly variable closed saline lake located in the Pampean plains of central Argentina, is presently the largest saline lake in South America (≈ 6000 km2). Recent variations in its hydrological budget have produced dry and wet intervals that resulted in distinctive lake level fluctuations. Results of a multiproxy study of a set of sedimentary cores indicate that the system has clearly recorded these hydrological variations from the end of the Little Ice Age (≈ ad 1770) to the present. Sedimentological and geochemical data combined with a robust chronology based on 210Pb profiles and historical data provide the framework for a sedimentary model of a lacustrine basin with highly variable water depth and salinity. Lake level drops and concurrent increases in salinity promoted the development of gypsum–calcite–halite layers and a marked decrease in primary productivity. The deposits of these dry stages are evaporite‐bearing sediments with a low organic matter content. Conversely, highstands are recorded as diatomaceous organic matter‐rich muds. Average bulk sediment accumulation rose from 0·22 g cm−2 year−1 in lowstands to 0·32 g cm−2 year−1 during highstands. These results show that Laguna Mar Chiquita is a good sensor of high‐ and low‐frequency changes in the recent hydrological budget and, therefore, document climatic changes at middle latitudes in south‐eastern South America. Dry conditions were mostly dominant until the last quarter of the twentieth century, when a humid interval without precedent during the last 240 years of the lake's recorded history started. Thus, it is an ideal system to model sedimentary and geochemical response to environmental changes in a saline lacustrine basin.
Therapeutic Advances in Gastroenterology

: Faecal microbiota transplant (FMT) has now been established into clinical guidelines for the treatment of recurrent and refractory Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI). Its therapeutic application in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is currently at an early stage. To date, there have been four randomized controlled trials for FMT in IBD and a multitude of observational studies. However, significant gaps in our knowledge regarding optimum methods for FMT preparation, technical aspects and logistics of its administration, as well as mechanistic underpinnings, still remain. In this article, we aim to highlight these gaps by reviewing evidence and making key recommendations on the direction of future studies in this field. In addition, we provide an overview of the current evidence of potential mechanisms of FMT in treating IBD.
Topic Modeling of Hierarchical Corpora /

The sizes of modern digital libraries have grown beyond our capacity to comprehend manually. Thus we need new tools to help us in organizing and browsing large corpora of text that do not require manually examining each document. To this end, machine learning researchers have developed topic models, statistical learning algorithms for automatic comprehension of large collections of text. Topic models provide both global and local views of a corpus; they discover topics that run through the corpus and describe each document as a mixture of the discovered topics. In this dissertation, I consider the topic modeling of corpora whose documents are organized in a multi-level hierarchy. My interest in this subject arose from the need to analyze two sprawling, real-world corpora from the field of computer security. The first is a collection of job postings on a crowdsourcing site, where many advertisers seek cheap human labor for different forms of Web service abuse. I view this corpus as a three- layer tree in which an interior node represents a buyer, and children of the interior node represent the buyer's postings. The second corpus is a collection of threads from an underground Internet forum, where blackhat operatives discuss tactics for abusive forms of Internet marketing such as spamming and search engine optimization. The subforums and threads in this data set form a five- level deep hierarchy. Using these two data sets as test beds, I develop topic models that incorporate hierarchies in corpora. The models I consider can be viewed as special (finite-dimensional) instances of hierarchical Dirichlet processes (HDPs). For these models I show that there exists a simple variational approximation for probabilistic inference and demonstrate a parallel inference algorithm that can scale to corpora with deep hierarchies and large numbers of documents. On several hierarchical corpora, I show advantages of my topic models over other topic models that do not consider hierarchies. Also I compare my variational method to existing implementations of HDPs and find that my approach is faster than Gibbs sampling and able to learn more predictive models than existing variational methods
Jurnal Ekonomi dan Bisnis

34 work units for the period 2018-2020, with an observation data of 100. The data analysis technique uses unbalanced data panels with the EVIEWS 9 application. This research has succeeded in proving that human resource development and service quality have a positive effect on organizational performance. However, the size of the organization has no impact on organizational performance. The contribution of this research theoretically supports the sources-based view theory. While other contributions are for stakeholders in the Central Bureau of Statistics (BPS) in improving their organizational performance by empowering their resources, both in the form of tangible and intangible assets so that the quality of service improves.
Atmosphere-snow transfer function for H2O2: Microphysical considerations

H2O2 analyses of polar ice cores show an increase in concentration from 200 years to the present. In order to quantitatively relate the observed trend in the ice to atmospheric levels, the atmosphere-snow transfer behavior and postdepositional changes must be known. Atmosphere-snow transfer was studied by investigating uptake and release of H2O2 in a series of laboratory column experiments in the temperature range −3°C to −45°C. Experiments consisted of passing H2O2-containing air through a column packed with 200-μm diameter ice spheres and measuring the change in gas phase H2O2 concentration with time. The uptake of H2O2 was a slow process requiring several hours to reach equilibrium. Uptake involved incorporation of H2O2 into the bulk ice as well as surface accumulation. The amount of H2O2 taken up by the ice was greater at the lower temperatures. The sticking coefficient for H2O2 on ice in the same experiments was estimated to be of the order of 0.02 to 0.5. Release of H2O2 from the ice occurred upon passing H2O2-free air through the packed columns, with the time scale for degassing similar to that for uptake. These results suggest that systematic losses of H2O2 from polar snow could occur under similar conditions, when atmospheric concentrations of H2O2 are low, that is, in the winter.
Comparison of the inter-accent variation of articulation rate between English and English with imitated Chinese accent speech

This paper compares the articulation rate of 2 English speeches with different accents produced by Nigel Ng, a well-known stand-up comedian and youtuber, while he is taking the role of Uncle Roger and while he is not. Taking the role of Uncle Roger, Nigel Ng produces utterances with imitated Chinese accent to underline stereotypical Asian characteristics, and to contrast with his own neutralish English accent. The objective is to investigate the variation of articulation rate between 2 accents which are both produced by only one speaker. Based on the analysis of the articulation rate of Nigel Ngs speeches, it is found that both accents display different articulation rates, despite being produced by the same speaker. This finding is in accord with the claim that the accent has an effect on the articulation rate variation. However, it seems that this study contrasts the claim that the articulation rate has low intra-speaker variation in literatures.
PETROLEUM MIGRATION, FAULTS AND OVERPRESSURE, PART I: CALIBRATING BASIN MODELLING USING PETROLEUM IN TRAPS — A REVIEW

This paper considers the principles of deciphering basin‐scale hydrocarbon migration patterns using the geochemical information which is present in trapped petroleum. Petroleum accumulations in subsiding basins can be thought of as “data archives” within which stored information can help us to understand aspects of hydrocarbon formation and migration. This information can impart a time‐resolved picture of hydrocarbon migration in a basin in response to processes associated with progressive burial, particularly in the context of the occurrence and periodic activity of faults.
Numerical investigation of the hydraulic fracturing mechanisms in oil sands

Abstract This paper presents a numerical investigation of hydraulic fracturing in oil sands during cold water injection by considering the aspects of both geomechanics and reservoir fluid flow. According to previous studies, the low shear strengths of unconsolidated or weakly consolidated sandstone reservoirs significantly influence the hydraulic fracturing process. Therefore, classical hydraulic fracture models cannot simulate the fracturing process in weak sandstone reservoirs. In the current numerical models, the direction of a tensile fracture is predetermined based on in situ stress conditions. Additionally, the potential transformation of a shear fracture into a tensile fracture and the potential reorientation of a tensile fracture owing to shear banding at the fracture tip have not yet been addressed in the literature. In this study, a smeared fracture technique is employed to simulate tensile and shear fractures in oil sands. The model used combines many important fracture features, which include the matrix flow, poroelasticity and plasticity modeling, saturation-dependent permeability, gradual degradation of the oil sands as a result of dilative shear deformation, and the tensile fracturing and shear failure that occur with the simultaneous enhancement of permeability. Furthermore, sensitivity analyses are also performed with respect to the reservoir and geomechanical parameters, including the apparent tensile strength and cohesion of the oil sands, magnitude of the minimum and maximum principal stress, absolute permeability and elastic modulus of the oil sands and ramp-up time. All these analyses are performed to clarify the influences of these parameters on the fracturing response of the oil sands.
Climatic signals on phenological patterns among tree species in a subtropical forest community

The study of vegetative and reproductive phenophases of plants is critical for understanding aspects related to plant behavior in different environments. In the tropics, there is a gap of understanding related to plant phenology since the theoretical framework on the topic has been built from perspectives of the temperate region. Furthermore, there are few studies in tropical regions influenced by anthropic conditions, which may be important for understanding these issues in the face of future climate scenarios. This study aimed to describe the vegetative and reproductive phenology of trees in an urban subtropical forest community and to test the influence of climatic variables on the tree community. In an ur - ban forest fragment in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, eight individuals of locally dominant species were monitored: Allophylus edulis , Casearia sylvestris , Guarea macrophylla , Mimosa bimucronata , Myrsine coriacea , Myrsine umbellata , Schinus glandulosum , and Schinus ter-ebinthifolia . The monitoring occurred every two weeks, for two years, with the recording of the presence of leaf flushing, leaf shedding, flowering, and fruiting phenophases for each tree. The seasonality of the species was tested using the Rayleigh test. We described the common pattern of community phenological activity by a Principal Component Analysis. Finally, we correlated the common patterns of each phenophase in the community with climatic variables of total precipitation, average temperature, and day length. All species showed a non-uniform phenological pattern for the evaluated phenophases despite the variable intensity. We evidenced common patterns for the community only for the vegetative phenophases. The reproductive phenophases of flowering and fruiting present them - selves independently among species in the community. Finally, we identified influences only of temperature and day length on the vegetative phenophases.
Remote sensing of ocean waves: The Surface Wave Process Program experiment

An airborne synthetic aperture radar (SAR) has been used as an interferometer to obtain direct, calibrated measurements of the ocean wind wave directional spectrum. Flights over the same area from three different directions produced reasonably consistent results. The SAR-derived wave data agree well with simultaneous observations by a conventional wave measuring system and with a novel in situ acoustic Doppler system.
Optogenetic actuator/ERK biosensor circuits identify MAPK network nodes that shape ERK dynamics

Combining single-cell measurements of ERK activity dynamics with perturbations provides insights into the MAPK network topology. We built circuits consisting of an optogenetic actuator to activate MAPK signaling and an ERK biosensor to measure single-cell ERK dynamics. This allowed us to conduct RNAi screens to investigate the role of 50 MAPK proteins in ERK dynamics. We found that the MAPK network is robust against most node perturbations. We observed that the ERK-RAF and the ERK-RSK2-SOS negative feedbacks operate simultaneously to regulate ERK dynamics. Bypassing the RSK2-mediated feedback, either by direct optogenetic activation of RAS, or by RSK2 perturbation, sensitized ERK dynamics to further perturbations. Similarly, targeting this feedback in a human ErbB2-dependent oncogenic signaling model increased the efficiency of a MEK inhibitor. The RSK2-mediated feedback is thus important for the ability of the MAPK network to produce consistent ERK outputs and its perturbation can enhance the efficiency of MAPK inhibitors.
The flora and vegetation of Open Bay Islands

Abstract THE paper lists the flora of Open Bay Islands, South Westland, New Zealand, and describes the vegetation. Brief ecological notes are given for the terrestrial vegetation. The importance of seals, in particular, in affecting the vegetation is described. Notes about colonisation of the islands by plants are included and there are five appendices. The first describes small plots installed to exclude seals, the second describes the soils, the third describes glacial deposits on the islands, the fourth includes notes about some of the animal life and the fifth, by Dr and Mrs D. S. Horning, lists additional cryptogams collected by them.
A preliminary investigation of surface runoff and soil properties in a moso-bamboo (Phyllostachys pubescens) forest in western Japan

To clarify plot-scale runoff characteristics in bamboo forests, soil properties and surface runoff were measured in a preliminary study of a forested hillslope of moso-bamboo (Phyllostachys pubescens). Infiltration capacities and saturated hydraulic conductivities at 10, 30 and 50 cm depths were similar to or greater in the moso-bamboo forest than in an adjacent broad-leaved forest. This suggests that surface runoff rarely occurs in the moso-bamboo forest. However, surface runoff was observed in seven of 14 storm events. The surface runoff responses to rainfalls were relatively rapid and the amount of surface runoff per storm event depended largely on rainfall. The proportion of the total amount of surface runoff to the total rainfall during the observation period ranged from 19 to 33%, depending on the observation system. This indicates that the greater portion of rainfall infiltrated into the soil. A high density of roots in the surface soil suggests that part of the rainfall was impeded and passed laterally through the surface soil as preferential flow around the root mats and/or the rhizomes, thereby contributing to surface runoff.
Observations of HFC‐134a in the remote troposphere

Hydrofluorocarbon-134a (CF3CH2F) has been detected and quantified in air samples collected at remote, globally dispersed locations. Using gas chromatography and mass spectrometry detection techniques, we have observed increases for HFC-134a throughout the global troposphere from <50 fmol mol−1 (ppq) in the late 1980s to 1.6 pmol mol−1 (ppt) in mid-1995. Results obtained from samples collected during two cruises in 1994 indicate that mixing ratios more than doubled during that year. Increases observed globally from early 1994 through mid-1995 are consistent with exponential growth at ∼100% yr−1.
Supervisory controlled operations of UAVs for tracking and surveillance of vehicle targets (SCOUTS)

In this paper, we present SCOUTS, an autonomous system for the allocation of multiple small UAVs equipped with video sensors specifically geared to tracking and reacquisition of vehicle targets in urban environments. To demonstrate SCOUTS performance, we test our system in a simulation incorporating the key challenges encountered by real-time UAV tracking scenarios, including unreliable reports from poor image quality, disruption latency in communication, and temporary gaps in persistent surveillance requiring target re-acquisition strategies. The results provided in this paper establish SCOUTS as a robust approach to this challenging problem.
Zeolites of Victoria

This beautifully illustrated book (the first about British agates) has been produced to introduce these natural semi-precious stones to people unaware of them. The first section defines and describes agates, outlines their distribution and occurrence in the British Isles, and presents a theory of agate formation. The middle section deals in detail with representative agates, especially those from the Old Red Sandstone lavas of Scotland, and a list of agate localities is given. The final section deals with collecting, cutting and polishing agates; their use in jewellery; and agates from elsewhere in the world. R. A. HOWIE
UC Hastings Scholarship Repository UC Hastings Scholarship Repository

Background: US direct-to-consumer advertising spending for medicine has soared in recent decades. Advertising has been shown to impact drug utilization. Most Alzheimer’s disease patients are above age 65 and may take a range of prescription medications for various disease states. Objective: To investigate how direct-to-consumer advertising is associated with the drug utilization of patients ≥ 65 years old. Methods: Using advertising expenditure data and Medicare Part D drug purchase claims, we performed regression analyses for each of the highest-spending drugs and age group, with cumulative monthly spending as the predictor variable and drug utilization as the response variable. For each drug, we ran a second set of regression analyses to determine if the spending-utilization correlation showed a signiﬁcant difference between the two patient age groups (older than 65, younger than 65). Results: For all 14 drugs in our study, advertising spending is positively correlated with utilization ( p <0.01) in both age groups. For seven of the 14 drugs studied, the difference in the utilization of patients older than 65 and the utilization of patients younger than 65 is statistically signiﬁcant at a p <0.01 level. The 65-and-older age bracket exhibits signiﬁcantly greater utilization for all seven of these drugs. Conclusion: We ﬁnd televised advertising for certain drugs to be associated with signiﬁcantly stronger drug utilization among seniors, as compared to younger patients. Alzheimer’s disease physicians should be aware of this result, in light of the medications that patients may take for other disease states, particularly mood and mental health medications.