Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An Examination of Land Use - Nutrient Export Relationships

ABSTRACT: Lake and watershed management strategies and recent environmental legislation dictate that nonpoht nutrient sources associated with storm water runoff must be assessed. Accordingly, a nutrient flu assessment for phosphorus and nitrogen is conducted through an extensive literature review of nutrient export studies. These studies are reevaluated. The nutrient export coefficients are screened according to sampling design criteria and compiled according to land use. The ecological mechanisms within each land use influencing the magnitude of nutrient flux are also discussed
Table Mountain Serpentinite Extrusion in California Coast Ranges

Near Parkfield in the southern Diablo Range, the smooth summit of Table Mountain, a narrow ridge 12 miles long, is capped by a subhorizontal sheet of weakly foliate serpentinite breccia composed of massive serpentinized-peridotite blocks set in a slickensided matrix of crushed serpentine. The breccia was extruded by plastic flowage from longitudinal fault fissures now occupied by steeply dipping serpentinite breccia dikes that lie near the crest of a complex anticline whose core is Jurassic-Cretaceous(? ) Franciscan tectonic breccia made of exotic blocks set in a cataclasite matrix. The fissure feeders probably tapped a long-dormant mass of Franciscan serpentinite that was mobilized by fault disruption and high lateral stresses during the Pliocene-Pleistocene orogenesis of the Diablo Range. Upon reaching the surface, the breccia buried an uneven ridge crest of hills and saddles beneath a gently arched summit carapace. The breccia then moved downslope in earthflow fashion to form narrow, sloping ramps that filled draws between resistant spurs on the flanks of the ridge. On the lower slopes, the extrusion again coalesced to form an evenly sloping piedmont plate through which rejuvenated streams have cut steep gorges. Extensive landslides with prominent headwall scarps have scarred eroded edges of the extrusive sheet, and a degradational sequence of Quaternary pediment gravel surfaces at the base of Table Mountain also postdates the extrusion. The piedmont plate rests discordantly across a steeply dipping anticline limb of marine Cretaceous Panoche Group and a largely marine Tertiary sequence that includes Pliocene-Pleistocene(? ) continental gravels. The Tertiary beds rest unconformably on the Panoche Group, but the Panoche Group lies upon the underlying Franciscan tectonic breccia along a folded thrust. The thrust emplacement followed widespread tectonic brecciation of the Franciscan, but preceded deposition of Eocene sandstones containing Franciscan detritus. The folded thrust is cut locally by younger, steep reverse and strike-slip faults that offset Tertiary strata.
Fault Plane Solutions of the Recent Earthquakes in the Northern Part of the Korean Peninsula

: Fault plane solutions in North Korea and the northern part of the Yellow Sea (37.5 o N-40.5 o N, 124.5 o E-128.5 o E) was studied for the earthquakes that occurred from November, 2008 to May, 2013. The analysis was based on the data collected from seismic networks in Korea and China. Fault plane solutions were obtained from P and SH wave polarities and SH/P amplitude ratioes. Most earthquakes exhibited predominantly strike-slip fault characteristics with NNE-SSW or WNW-ESE nodal planes. The P-axes trends are mainly NE-SW or ENE-WSW direction in the northern part of the Yellow Sea and inland area of North Korea except some areas in the Hwanghae province. Fault plane solutions and main axis of stress field in the study region were similar to those observed in the southern part of the Korean Peninsula.
Investigating the impact of value congruence on work engagement in EFL teachers: the role of teacher enthusiasm

Introduction This research aimed to investigate the influence of value congruence on EFL (English as a Foreign Language) teachers’ work engagement, with a focus on the mediating role of teacher enthusiasm. Methods A sample of EFL teachers (N = 453) in China participated in the study. Data were collected using self-report measures, including the Value Congruence Scale, Teacher Enthusiasm Scale, and Work Engagement Scale. Structural equation modeling was employed to analyze the data and test the proposed model. Results The results revealed that value congruence had a significant positive direct effect on work engagement. Furthermore, teacher enthusiasm was found to mediate the relationship between value congruence and work engagement. Discussion These findings suggest that when EFL teachers perceive a congruence between their personal values and the values upheld by their educational institutions, they are more likely to experience higher levels of work engagement, and this relationship is partially explained by their level of enthusiasm. The study contributes to the understanding of the factors that influence EFL teachers’ work engagement and highlights the importance of value congruence and teacher enthusiasm in fostering a positive work environment. These findings have implications for the development of interventions and practices aimed at enhancing EFL teachers’ well-being and job satisfaction.
Deep Drill 1972: a paleomagnetic study of the Bermuda Seamount

The rock and paleomagnetic character of an 802 m core drilled on the Bermuda Seamount is described. Intrusion of highly evolved, limburgitic Tertiary sheets, which comprise 40% of the core, into older tholeiitic submarine lavas has produced extensive stable additional magnetization in the flows. Original and later components of the supposed polyphase magnetization of the flows have not yet been separated by the alternating field or thermal methods of remanence analyses. It is thought that both remanence components are held in nearly pure magnetite with similar grain size distributions.Development of additional magnetization in the high temperature hydrothermal conditions experienced by the flows is volumetrically much more extensive than baked thermal remagnetization, and could, in appropriate circumstances, provide a uniformly magnetized, lower layer 2 source for the linear magnetic anomaly patterns of the ocean basins.
Pore‐scale modeling of dissolution from variably distributed nonaqueous phase liquid blobs

Contamination of groundwater by nonaqueous phase liquids (NAPLs) is widely recognized as a serious environmental problem. Predicting the dissolution, fate, and transport of these organic chemicals in the subsurface is challenging because geological heterogeneity exists at numerous scales. To better understand heterogeneity at the pore scale, we use the lattice Boltzmann (LB) method to simulate water flow and solute transport from distributed NAPL blobs in a two‐dimensional porous media. The LB method approximates the momentum and mass transport equations at the pore scale, easily incorporating complex boundary conditions of the porous media. The effects of NAPL blob configuration and Peclet number (Pe) on steady state mass transfer are studied at 7% and 15% NAPL saturation. We find that the solute flux out of the simulated system decreases substantially as the transverse length over which NAPL blobs are distributed decreases; for example, the solute flux is reduced by a factor of 2 by confining the NAPL blobs to only half of the transverse length. Values of Sherwood numbers determined from our simulations are slightly less than values determined from previously published mass transfer correlations. Our results indicate that pore‐scale NAPL configuration significantly affects mass transfer and that correlations should be modified to account for it. We find that the dimensionless mass transfer coefficient increases with Pe for the values used in our simulations, where the rate of increase decreases with increasing Pe. We observe that much of the variability in computed mass transfer coefficients is accounted for by differences in the NAPL‐water interfacial area at high Pe. However, at lower Pe, variability remains due to NAPL configuration.
The 2000 AD eruption of Copahue Volcano, Southern Andes

Although all historic eruptions of the Copahue volcano (37°45'S-71°10.2'W, 3,001 m a.s.l.) have been of low magnitude, the largest (VEI=2) and longest eruptive cycle occurred from July to October 2000. Phreatic phases characterized the main events as a former acid crater lake was blown up. Low altitude columns were deviated by low altitude winds in variable directions, but slightly predominant to the NNE. The presence of the El Agrio caldera depression to the east of Copahue volcano may have caused the variable plume divergences and disturb the prevailing wind direction which is normally to the southeast. Larger magnitude events, comparable to prehistoric eruptions, could occur in the future at Copahue volcano, seriously impacting the tourist localities on the Argentinean (eastern) flanks of this frontier volcano. Unless a constant educational program is implemented, emergency plans will not be enough to prevent catastrophic effects, because the local population strongly believes that only low magnitude eruptions such as those of the sixties, nineties and 2000 AD can be produced at the Copahue volcano.
A Survey of Tree Planting Practices in the Smallholder Farming Sector of Zimbabwe

SYNOPSIS Group meetings and individual farm visits were used to establish current tree planting practices in the smallholder farming sector of Zimbabwe. The number of tree species planted in each of the eight districts studied ranged from nine to 27 with 17 species occurring in at least half of the districts. Twelve and five of the 17 species were fruit and non-fruit trees respectively and four were indigenous. Paw paw, mulberry, lemon and orange trees were planted in all districts while naartjie, cockwood (Commiphora mollis) and lucky bean tree (Erythina abyssinica) were cultivated in four districts only. With respect to prevalence, paw paw, mangoes, eucalypts, mulberry, lemon, rubber hedge (Euphorbia tirucali) and peach were the most frequent while marula (Sclerocarya birrea), naartjie, cockwood and lucky bean tree were the least frequent. Viewed within a natural region context, tree cultivation was more prevalent in the higher than in the lower rainfall districts. The provision of fruits, poles, fuelwo.
Modelling flow resistance in vegetated streams: review and development of new theory

Aquatic macrophytes are often the dominant factor influencing flow conditions within the channels they occupy. Existing knowledge of how stream plants affect the flow is outlined, and the different scales at which vegetation resistance operates are proposed. Resistance is shown to be a function of the size of the plants, their structural properties, location in the channel, and the local flow conditions. Current models to calculate this composite resistance effect are assessed in the light of theoretical considerations of the nature of vegetation resistance. New theory is also presented, which demonstrates the non‐linear relationship between channel resistance and the proportion of the channel occupied by vegetation. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Dimensional analysis of natural debris flows

Debris flow is generally composed of a wide range of solid particles and viscous pore fluid . I t flows at a high traveling velocity down a slope channel. Interactions between solid and fluid phases affected by multiple parameters govern the rheological properties of debris flows. A dimensional analysis for a systematic study of the governing parameters is presented. Multiple dimensionless numbers with clear physical meanings are critically reviewed. The applications of field data for studying natural debris flows are demonstrated. Specific values of dimensionless numbers for classifying flowing regimes of natural debris flows on the large scales are obtained. Compared to previous physical model tests on small scales, this study shows that the contact friction between particles dominates in natural debris flows. In addition, the solid inertial stress due to particle collisions and the pore fluid viscous shear stress play key roles in governing the dynamic properties of debris flows. The channel width as a confinement to the flows can affect the solids discharge per unit width significantly. A dimensionless number related to pore fluid pressure dissipation is also found for distinguishing surge flows and continuous flows in field satisfactorily.
Correlation between Neutrophile to Lymphocyte Ratio and D-dimer with COVID-19 Severity

SARS-CoV-2, a lung-damaging virus, is what causes COVID-19. While a decline in lymphocyte counts suggests immune system harm, a rise in neutrophil counts reflects the severity of the inflammatory response. A high NLR value results from an increase in neutrophils and a decrease in lymphocytes. On the other hand, when plasmin breaks down fibrin to dissolve blood clots, it creates pieces called D-dimers. ARDS is predicted by an elevated D-dimer level. The study's objective was to ascertain how the severity of COVID-19 patients at Dr. H. Abdul Moeloek in 2021 related to NLR and D-dimer levels. Analytical research with a retrospective design is being conducted. The Rank Spearman correlation test and Pearson Chi-Square analyzed medical record data for COVID-19 patients. The study was carried out in Dr. H. Abdul Moeloek in June 2022. 205 COVID-19 patients who underwent NLR and D-dimer testing and were categorized based on the severity of the condition served as the study's subjects. The test findings revealed a substantial connection between NLR and D-dimer (r=0.583), demonstrating a strong and favorable link. NLR and illness severity showed a significant relationship (r=0.49). D-dimer and illness severity also showed a strong connection (r=0.51).
Carbon materials in Antarctic and nonAntarctic carbonaceous chondrites: high-resolution transmission electron microscopy

Carbon materials from eight Antarctic carbonaceous chondrites (CM2, CO3, and CV3 types) and two nonAntarctic carbonaceous chondrites (CM2 and CV3 types) were studied using a high-resolution transmission electron microscope (HRTEM). Nanodiamonds and “carbonaceous globules” were found in seven of the Antarctic chondrites and one nonAntarctic CM2 chondrite. These results suggest that nanodiamonds and carbonaceous globules are common in carbonaceous chondrites. The finding of carbonaceous globules in the meteorites that experienced post-hydration high-temperature thermal metamorphism suggests that they are resistant to thermal metamorphism. Well-crystallized graphite was mainly found in the CV3- and CO3-type chondrites, whereas poorly crystallized graphite was mainly found in the CM2-type chondrites. The CM2-type chondrites also contain characteristic carbon structures that are similar to tetrahedral carbon onions and multilayered fullerene. In this study, we discuss the origin of these types of carbon material.
On Multidecadal Variability of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation in the Community Climate System Model Version 3

Abstract Multidecadal variability of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (MOC) is investigated diagnostically in the NCAR Community Climate System Model version 3 (CCSM3) present-day simulations, using the highest (T85 × 1) resolution version. This variability has a 21-yr period and is present in many other ocean fields in the North Atlantic. In MOC, the oscillation amplitude is about 4.5 Sv (1 Sv ≡ 106 m3 s−1), corresponding to 20% of the mean maximum MOC transport. The northward heat transport (NHT) variability has an amplitude of about 0.12 PW, representing 10% of the mean maximum NHT. In sea surface temperature (SST) and sea surface salinity (SSS), the peak-to-peak changes can be as large as 6°–7°C and 3 psu, respectively. The Labrador Sea region is identified as the deep-water formation (DWF) site associated with the MOC oscillations. In contrast with some previous studies, temperature and salinity contributions to the total density in this DWF region are almost equal and in phase. The he.
A test of the precursory accelerating moment release model on some recent New Zealand earthquakes

The proposal that the moment release rate increases in a systematic way in a large region around a forthcoming large earthquake is tested using three recent, large New Zealand events. The three events, 1993–1995, magnitudes 6.7–7.0, occurred in varied tectonic settings. For all three events, a circular precursory region can be found such that the moment release rate of the included seismicity is modelled significantly better by the proposed accelerating model than by a linear moment release model, although in one case the result is dubious. The ‘best’ such regions have radii from 122 to 167 km, roughly in accord with previous observations world-wide, but are offset by 50–60 km from the associated main shock epicentre. A grid-search procedure is used to test whether these three earthquakes could have been forecast using the accelerating moment release model. For two of the earthquakes the result is positive in terms of location, but the main shock times are only loosely constrained.
Effects of a topographic gradient on coastal current dynamics

[1] When a boundary current in a rotating environment encounters a significant change in depth, two typical behaviors are observed. The flow may bifurcate, with one branch moving away from the boundary following the topographic contours and the other branch following the boundary. Alternatively, the boundary current may rebound or retroflect from the topography, with the formation of a dipole that moves in the upstream direction. Which behavior is observed is determined, for the most part, by the geometry of the system and not by the initial direction of the boundary current. Bifurcation is typical in a right-handed geometry, i.e., in the case with the boundary on the right side looking from deep to shallow water, while retroflection is typical in a left-handed geometry. Laboratory experiments in a rotating tank using dye visualization and particle tracking verify this basic dichotomy but also reveal new aspects of the problem not examined in previous studies. In particular, it is demonstrated that in the enclosed basin, there is a return current flowing counter to the branch following the topographic contours. The experimental design allows comparison of the large time flow with the circulation in the Adriatic Sea.
Analysis of The Marketing Efficiency of Curcuma in The Medicine Plant Processing Industry

Farmers distribute curcuma through several marketing agencies to the sringanis plantation processing industry. It impacts farmers' income, so the research aims to determine the pattern of Curcuma marketing channels as a raw material for the medicinal plant processing industry, the value of efficiency indicators, and the level of efficiency of each marketing channel—methods of data collection using purposive sampling and snowball sampling. Respondents are farmers, middlemen, and managers of the sringanis plantation processing industry. The analytical approach uses quantitative analysis, namely analysis of marketing channels, marketing margins, farmer share, and marketing efficiency. The results showed that there were two patterns of Curcuma marketing channels, namely marketing Channel I, which included farmers and the sringanis plantation processing industry, and marketing Channel II which had farmers, intermediaries, wholesalers, and the sringanis processing industry. The marketing functions performed by all marketing agencies are exchange functions, physical functions, and facility functions. Farmer share obtained by marketing Channel I is more significant than Channel II, so marketing Channel I is more efficient than Channel II. The implication that farmers and the sringanis garden industry can apply is to enter into a cooperation contract where every profit and risk obtained has been adjusted by mutual agreement. Distance constraints for farmers who use marketing Channel II can be overcome by selling a portion of Curcuma produce to intermediaries with a proportion of 60%, and the remaining 30% is sold directly to the sringanis plantation processing industry.
Deep‐sea, high‐resolution, hydrography and current measurements using an autonomous underwater vehicle: The overflow from the Strait of Sicily

AUTOSUB‐2, an autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) developed by the Southampton Oceanography Centre, was used for high resolution hydrographic surveys in the Sicily Strait. A combination of “seasoar” type profiling and terrain following missions were undertaken and velocity and hydrographic measurements taken from AUTOSUB‐2 were compared with concurrent shipboard hydrographic and velocity profiles. Even though shipboard stations were separated by just 5 to 8 km along the mission path, data from the AUV showed small scale variability that was missed by the shipboard sampling. In this paper we present the example of an intense jet, with maximum speed greater than 0.50 m s−1, less than 4 km wide.
Age estimation using orthopantomograms and Demirjian method among children attending dental clinics in western Kenya

Background: Various methods have been used to estimate age in different populations among them being Demirjian which has widely been utilized. However, in Kenya, there is hardly any approved method that can be used to achieve this purpose, hence the need to determine the available methods for estimating the age of children in Western Kenya. Therefore, this study aimed at estimating radiological age using Demirjian method among children attending dental clinics in Western Kenya. Methods: The study adopted a cross- sectional descriptive design and used Yamane Taro (1967) formulae to find a sample size of 171 panoramic radiographs of children aged between 5-17 years which were examined in order to determine the tooth maturity stages (A-H) for the first seven mandibular teeth on the left side. Each maturity stage was then assigned a corresponding maturity score as per Demirjian conversion tables for boys and girls, summed up and converted into dental age. Descriptive statistics such as mean, standard deviation, standard error of mean was presented in tables and graphs while inferential statistics such as linear regression was used to measure the deviation and test of significance. Results: The overall mean dental age was 8.16 ± 2.7 with a standard error of mean of 0.211. The female and male mean dental age deviated from the chronological age at ±2.22 years and ±1.68 years respectively at 95% Confidence interval. Conclusion: In conclusion, the study revealed an underestimation of the dental age from chronological age using Demirjian method among children of African origin.
Relation between satellite observed visible-near infrared emissions, population, economic activity and electric power consumption

The area lit by anthropogenic visible-near infrared emissions (i.e., lights) has been estimated for 21 countries using night-time data from the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP) Operational Linescan System (OLS). The area lit is highly correlated to gross domestic product and electric power consumption. Significant outliers exist in the relation between area lit and population. The results indicate that the local level of economic development must be factored into the apportionment of population across the land surface based on DMSP-OLS observed lights.
Calculated X-ray diffraction profiles for interstratified kaolinite-montmorillonite

Abstract Calculated diffraction profiles for interstratified kaolinite and montmorillonite have been used to determine the composition of clays reported from Poland, Japan and Mexico. The predicted layer proportions determined from the curves and by other methods are in close agreement for the first two but a higher kaolinite content than that originally proposed is obtained for the Mexican clays.