Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The interplay of domain-and life satisfaction in predicting life events

To better understand the occurrence of major changes in people´s lives like job changes or relocations, we test a model of motivational consequences of life and domain satisfaction using data of the German socio-economic panel study (SOEP) (waves 2005–2015; Ns between 2,201 and 28,720). We examined job and location changes as outcomes that people may actively initiate as a result of dissatisfaction with these domains. One of our results indicates that for similar levels of job satisfaction, individuals with higher levels of life satisfaction were more likely to report a subsequent job change, presumably because they possess necessary resources to actively initiate such a major life change. The patterns were similar for relocation satisfaction and subsequent relocation, but not all effects were significant. Generally, the effects of life satisfaction and domain satisfaction on life events were independent of affective well-being. Contrary to what we expected based on life-span theories, perceived control did not significantly moderate the tested mechanisms. These findings furthermore show that examining life satisfaction and domain satisfaction in isolation can lead to theoretically and empirically false conclusions. Contrary to previous research, high life satisfaction appears to not be a general driver for stability but rather should be seen as an indicator of resourcefulness that allows people to strive for changes in specific life domains.
Childhood growth prior to screen-detected celiac disease: prospective follow-up of an at-risk birth cohort

Abstract Objectives To determine the association between childhood growth prior to the development of celiac disease (CD) and CD autoimmunity (CDA) identified by periodic serological screening. Study design The Diabetes Autoimmunity Study in the Young cohort includes 1979 genetically at-risk children from Denver, Colorado, with annual growth measurements from age nine months until ten years. Between 1993 and February 2019, 120 children developed CDA defined by persistent positive tissue transglutaminase autoantibodies (TGA); among these, 71 met our criteria for CD based on histopathological findings or high TGA levels. Age- and sex-specific z-scores of weight, body mass index (BMI), and height prior to seroconversion were derived using US reference charts as standards. Joint modeling of serial growth measurements was used to estimate adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs) accounting for celiac-associated human leukocyte antigens, early-life feeding practices, and socio-demographics. Results In the first 10 years of life, there were no significant associations between the child’s current weight, BMI and height and the risk of screening-detected CDA or CD, neither was the weight nor BMI velocity associated with CDA or CD as identified by screening (all aHRs approximated 1). Increased height velocity was associated with later CD, but not CDA, development (aHR per 0.01-z score/year, 1.28; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.18–1.38 and 1.03; 0.97–1.09, respectively). Conclusions In the first 10 years of life, from prospectively collected serial growth measurements, we found no evidence of impaired childhood growth before CD and CDA development as identified through early and periodic screening.
Shifting limitation of primary production: experimental support for a new model in lake ecosystems

Abstract The limits on primary production vary in complex ways across space and time. Strong tests of clear conceptual models have been instrumental in understanding these patterns in both terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. Here we present the first experimental test of a new model describing how shifts from nutrient to light limitation control primary productivity in lake ecosystems as hydrological inputs of nutrients and organic matter vary. We found support for two key predictions of the model: that gross primary production (GPP) follows a hump‐shaped relationship with increasing dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations; and that the maximum GPP, and the critical DOC concentration at which the hump occurs, are determined by the stoichiometry and chromophoricity of the hydrological inputs. Our results advance fundamental understanding of the limits on aquatic primary production, and have important applications given ongoing anthropogenic alterations of the nutrient and organic matter inputs to surface waters.
Italian Nurses' Attitudes Towards Neonatal Palliative Care: A Cross-Sectional Survey.

PURPOSE Neonatal palliative care becomes an option for critically ill neonates when death is inevitable. Assessing nurses' attitudes towards, barriers to, and facilitators of neonatal palliative care is essential to delivering effective nursing care. METHODS This study was conducted from January to September 2015 and involved Italian nurses employed in Level III neonatal intensive care units in 14 hospitals in northern, central, and southern Italy. A modified version of the Neonatal Palliative Care Attitudes Scale (NiPCAS) was adopted to assess nurses' attitudes. FINDINGS A total of 347 neonatal nurses filled out the questionnaire. The majority were female (87.6%), with a mean age of 40.38 (±8.3) years. The mean score in the "organization" factor was 2.71 (±0.96). The "resources" factor had a mean score of 2.44 (±1.00), while the "clinician" factor had a mean score of 3.36 (±0.90), indicating the main barriers to and facilitators of implementing palliative nursing care. CONCLUSIONS Italian neonatal nurses may face different obstacles to delivering neonatal palliative care and to improve their attitudes in this field. In the Italian context, no facilitators of, only barriers to, palliative care delivery were identified. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Nurses' attitudes towards neonatal palliative care are essential to supporting nurses, who are constantly exposed to the emotional and moral distress connected with this field of end-of-life nursing care.
Redefining Therapeutic Drug Monitoring of Tacrolimus in Patients Undergoing Liver Transplantation: A Target Trough Concentration of 4-7 ng/mL During the First Month After Liver Transplantation is Safe and Improves Graft and Renal Function.

BACKGROUND Currently, the recommended tacrolimus (TAC) trough level (Cmin) after liver transplantation (LT) is 6-10 ng/mL (when associated in triple immunosuppressive therapy). However, few studies have achieved the lower limit of this range, especially below 7 ng/mL. This study evaluated the efficacy of a target TAC Cmin of 4-7 ng/mL after LT. METHODS Of 1677 LTs performed between 2002 and 2017, 904 LT cases were analyzed. The cases were categorized into the following 3 groups and compared: low- (n = 247, 27.3%), intermediate- (n = 344, 37.9%), and high-exposure groups (n = 313, 34.5%) with TAC Cmin of 4-7 ng/mL, 7-10 ng/mL, and >10 ng/mL, respectively. In addition, propensity score matching was performed to reduce heterogeneity and population bias. RESULTS At months 1 and 3, when compared with the 2 other groups, the low-exposure group had similar grafts (P = 0.75) and patient (P = 0.77) survival, but lower alanine aminotransferase (P < 0.001), bilirubin (P < 0.001), international normalized ratio (P = 0.046), and creatinine (P < 0.001) levels. After propensity score matching, the bilirubin (P < 0.001) and creatinine (P = 0.001) levels in the low-exposure group still improved at months 3, but the graft (P = 0.86) and patient (P = 0.99) survival were still similar. CONCLUSIONS A TAC Cmin of 4-7 ng/mL seems safe and capable of improving graft and kidney function. This finding should be confirmed in a prospective randomized trial.
Arrestin Recruitment to C-C Chemokine Receptor 5: Potent C-C Chemokine Ligand 5 Analogs Reveal Differences in Dependence on Receptor Phosphorylation and Isoform-Specific Recruitment Bias

C-C chemokine receptor 5 (CCR5) is a chemokine receptor belonging to the G protein–coupled receptor (GPCR) superfamily. An established anti–human immunodeficiency virus drug target, CCR5 is attracting significant additional interest in both cancer and neuroinflammation. Several N-terminally engineered analogs of C-C chemokine ligand 5 (CCL5), a natural ligand of CCR5, are highly potent CCR5 inhibitors. The inhibitory mechanisms of certain analogs relate to modulation of receptor desensitization, but the cellular and molecular mechanisms have not been fully elucidated. Here we made use of a collection of CCR5 phosphorylation mutants and arrestin variants to investigate how CCL5 analogs differ from CCL5 in their capacity to elicit both CCR5 phosphorylation and arrestin recruitment, with reference to the current “core” and “tail” interaction model for arrestin-GPCR interaction. We showed that CCL5 recruits both arrestin 2 and arrestin 3 to CCR5 with recruitment, particularly of arrestin 2, strongly dependent on the arrestin tail interaction. 5P12–RANTES does not elicit receptor phosphorylation or arrestin recruitment. In contrast, PSC-RANTES induces CCR5 hyperphosphorylation, driving enhanced arrestin recruitment with lower dependence on the arrestin tail interaction. 5P14-RANTES induces comparable levels of receptor phosphorylation to CCL5, but arrestin recruitment is absolutely dependent on the arrestin tail interaction, and in one of the cellular backgrounds used, recruitment showed isoform bias toward arrestin 3 versus arrestin 2. No evidence for ligand-specific differences in receptor phosphorylation patterns across the four implicated serine residues was observed. Our results improve understanding of the molecular pharmacology of CCR5 and help further elucidate the inhibitory mechanisms of a group of potent inhibitors. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT C-C chemokine receptor 5 (CCR5) is a key drug target for human immunodeficiency virus, cancer, and inflammation. Highly potent chemokine analog inhibitors act via the modulation of receptor desensitization, a process initiated by the recruitment of arrestin proteins. This study shows that potent C-C chemokine ligand 5 analogs differ from each other and from the parent chemokine in the extent and quality of CCR5-arrestin association that they elicit, providing valuable insights into CCR5 pharmacology and cell biology that will facilitate the development of new medicines targeting this important receptor.
Future Time Perspective and Perceived Social Support: The Mediating Role of Gratitude

Future time perspective, perceived social support, and dispositional gratitude are topics of interest that positively influence people’s psychological health. Although gratitude has been positively associated with future time perspective and social support, this is the first study to investigate its mediating role in the relationships of future time perspective with perceived social support. A convenience sample of 1256 adults (55.1% women), mean age 34.55 years (SD = 13.92), completed self-reported measures of future time perspective (conceptualized as remaining time and opportunities), dispositional gratitude, and received and given social support. Results indicated that higher dispositional gratitude mediated the relationship between the perception of more remaining time and opportunities and greater perception of received and given social support. These findings highlight the importance of considering dispositional characteristics to better understand the impact of perceived future on the individuals’ subjective experience of social exchanges. Interventions addressing future time perspective and dispositional gratitude might have beneficial effects on individuals’ social well-being.
Investigation of Ultrasonic Treatment on Physicochemical, Structural and Morphological Properties of Sodium Alginate/AgNPs/Apple Polyphenol Films and Its Preservation Effect on Strawberry

An antibacterial and anti-oxidation composite film was prepared by a casting method using sodium alginate (SA) and apple polyphenols (APPs) as the base material and glycerol as the plasticizer. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were deposited by ultrasonic-assisted electrospray method. The degree of influence of the addition ratio of SA and AgNPs and different ultrasonic time on the mechanical properties, barrier properties, optical properties, and hydrophilicity of the composite film was explored. The composite films were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results showed that the SA: AgNPs ratio of 7:3 and the ultrasonic time for 30 min have the best comprehensive performance, and SA/AgNPs/APP films showed the lowest water vapor permeability value of 0.75 × 10−11 g/m·s·Pa. The composite film has good strength and softness, with tensile strength (TS) and elongation at break (E) at 23.94 MPa and 29.18%, respectively. SEM images showed that the surface of the composite film was smooth and the AgNPs’ distribution was uniform. The composite film showed broad antibacterial activity, and the antibacterial activity of Escherichia coli (92.01%) was higher than that of Staphylococcus aureus (91.26%). However, due to the addition of APP, its antioxidant activity can reach 98.39%, which has a synergistic effect on antibacterial activity. For strawberry as a model, the results showed that this composite film can prolong the shelf life of strawberries for about 8 days at 4 °C, effectively maintaining their storage quality. Compared with the commonly used PE(Polyethylene film) film on the market, it has a greater fresh-keeping effect and can be used as an active food packaging material.
Extended HPV Genotyping to Compare HPV Type Distribution in Self- and Provider-Collected Samples for Cervical Cancer Screening

Background: Primary high-risk human papillomavirus (hr-HPV) testing of self-collected cervico-vaginal swabs could increase cervical cancer screening coverage, although triage strategies are needed to reduce unnecessary colposcopies. We evaluated the use of extended hr-HPV genotyping of self-collected samples for cervical cancer screening. Methods: We recruited women ages 25–65 years at two colposcopy clinics in North Carolina between November 2016 and January 2019, and obtained self-collected cervico-vaginal samples, provider-collected cervical samples, and cervical biopsies from all enrolled women. Self- and provider-collected samples were tested for 14 hr-HPV genotypes using the Onclarity Assay (Becton Dickinson). We calculated hr-HPV genotype–specific prevalence and assessed agreement between results in self- and provider-collected samples. We ranked the hr-HPV genotypes according to their positive predictive value (PPV) for the detection of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) grade 2 or higher (CIN2+). Results: A total of 314 women participated (median age, 36 years); 85 women (27%) had CIN2+. More women tested positive for any hr-HPV on self-collected (76%) than on provider-collected samples (70%; P = 0.009) with type-specific agreement ranging from substantial to almost perfect. HPV-16 was the most common genotype in self-collected (27%) and provider-collected samples (20%), and HPV-16 prevalence was higher in self- than provider-collected samples (P < 0.001). In self- and provider-collected samples, HPV-16 had the highest PPV for CIN2+ detection. Conclusions: Overall sensitivity for CIN2+ detection was similar for both sample types, but the higher HPV-16 prevalence in self-collected samples could result in increased colposcopy referral rates. Impact: Additional molecular markers might be helpful to improve the triage of women who are hr-HPV positive on self-collected samples.
Short‐ and long‐term outcomes of gestational diabetes and its treatment on fetal development

Globally the prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is rising mainly due to the increase in maternal obesity. A number of different methods to screen for and diagnose GDM have been described although consensus on the preferred methods does not yet exist. GDM has significant short‐ and long‐term health risks for the mother, developing fetus and the children born to mothers with GDM. Short‐term risks for the fetus include macrosomia (excessive birthweight), shoulder dystocia, birth trauma, and hypoglycaemia in the immediate postpartum period. Long‐term risks for offspring born to mothers with GDM include increased rates of childhood and adulthood obesity and an increased cardiometabolic risk. A number of pharmacological treatments for GDM have been identified, these include insulin and oral glucose‐lowering drugs metformin and glibenclamide. Whilst these oral glucose‐lowering drugs show similar short‐term childhood outcomes to insulin there is increasing evidence that these drugs may have adverse long‐term outcomes on children and adults exposed to the drugs in utero. Future research on treatments for GDM should include long‐term follow‐ up of children exposed to glucose lowering medication in utero to determine the long‐term cardiometabolic risk in the offspring born to mothers with GDM.
A brief look at diagnosing neurocognitive disorders in a VA primary care setting: Understanding the practices of our physician partners and the future of integration

Abstract Objective The population aged 65 and over is growing rapidly and with it are increased demands for integrative care and management of cognitive health issues. Such care models often do not include neuropsychologists or other psychology specialties. Methods In this study, 72 medical charts of VA patients diagnosed with neurocognitive disorders were reviewed using best practice guidelines for diagnosing and managing neurocognitive disorders, adapted from Downs et al. (2006). Results Results indicated that physicians typically used clinical judgment through review of medications, blood work within the past year, and a history of symptoms to make diagnostic conclusions. Cognitive assessment and consideration of other reversible causes of cognitive decline (e.g., depression) were less commonly considered. Conclusions The results are discussed in terms of potential implications for neuropsychologists and the integration of neuropsychology and primary care.
SARS-CoV-2 screening of asymptomatic women admitted for delivery must be performed with a combination of microbiological techniques: an observational study

ABSTRACT Introduction The aim of this study is to assess the value of systematic screening in asymptomatic women admitted for spontaneous delivery with a combination of reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and cycle threshold (Ct) and serum antibodies. Material and methods Since May 6 all women admitted for spontaneous delivery underwent RT-PCR in nasopharyngeal swabs and specific antibodies IgG of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in serum that were performed as part of routine clinical care in our institution. Ct of the PCR was recorded. We analyzed the first 100 women consecutively admitted for spontaneous delivery at our institution. Results Nine women were positive for SARS-CoV-2 in nasopharyngeal samples (9%) and 13 (13%) presented positive specific antibodies of the coronavirus. Overall, SAR-CoV-2 prior exposure was 15%. The Ct determination (RT-PCR test) of our 9 positive patients ranged from 36 to 41 cycles with a median of 40. Vaginal delivery occurred in 94% of the cases and only 6% underwent a cesarean section, always for obstetric reasons. No fetal transmission was observed and maternal and neonatal prognosis was excellent. Conclusions During epidemic episodes in asymptomatic women in labor, universal testing with RT-PCR (considering Ct determination), and the detection of antibodies, permits a better interpretation of the results and avoid unnecessary isolation procedures.
Overview of Stem Cell Therapy for Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome with Focus on COVID 19.

OBJECTIVE There are as yet no effective strategies to treat the novel COVID-19 and to stem its symptoms, including ARDS. This review examines recent research studies in humans to determine whether mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) may be used effectively and safely to target potentially deadly lung damage that may follow infection. METHODS A literature search was conducted to find published manuscripts on the treatment of ARDS and COVID-19 symptoms, disease presentation, and available treatment regimens. Electronic data bases of scientific articles and records of printed documents of JAMA journals were searched to find research publications on MSC treatment of ARDS and COVID-19. Outcome variables included mortality over varying time periods, hospital days, days on ventilator, and biological factors. RESULTS Two randomized double-blind clinical trials, 2 pilot studies, and 2 case reports described MSC use to treat ARDS with specific focus on COVID-19 and lung symptoms of cytokine storm. The MSCs were well-tolerated across studies. No significant differences in treatment outcome were found in randomized double-blind trials; however, results of 1 pilot study and 1 case report showed that MSCs led to lung symptom resolution and survival in severely ill treatment patients. CONCLUSIONS There is little published research on disease and survival outcomes among patients suffering severe lung disease associated with ARDS and COVID-19, and studies available are limited by lack of consistency in design and numerous flaws and limitations. Comparisons across studies are difficult. Nevertheless, it is documented that 8 ARDS patients with COVID-19 experienced symptom recovery and survival subsequent to MSC administration. MSCs are potentially life-saving treatment approaches for some patients who exhibit severe lung distress and have not responded to standard treatments. This is an obviously exciting research and treatment option for COVID-19 and other life-threatening diseases.
A granulocytic signature identifies COVID-19 and its severity

Abstract Background An unbiased approach of SARS-CoV-2-induced immune dysregulation has not been undertaken so far. We aimed to identify previously unreported immune markers able to discriminate COVID-19 patients from healthy controls and to predict mild and severe disease. Methods An observational, prospective, multicentric study was conducted in patients with confirmed COVID-19: mild/moderate (n=7) and severe (n=19). Immunophenotyping of whole blood leukocytes was performed in patients upon hospital ward or intensive care unit admission and in healthy controls (n=25). Clinically relevant associations were identified through unsupervised analysis. Results Granulocytic (neutrophil, eosinophil and basophil) markers were enriched during COVID-19 and discriminated between mild and severe patients. Increased counts of CD15 +CD16 + neutrophils, decreased granulocytic expression of integrin CD11b, and Th2-related CRTH2 downregulation in eosinophils and basophils established a COVID-19 signature. Severity was associated with the emergence of PDL1 checkpoint expression in basophils and eosinophils. This granulocytic signature was accompanied by monocyte and lymphocyte immunoparalysis. Correlation with validated clinical scores supported pathophysiological relevance. Conclusion Phenotypic markers of circulating granulocytes are strong discriminators between infected and uninfected individuals as well as between severity stages. COVID-19 alters the frequency and functional phenotypes of granulocyte subsets with the emergence of CRTH2 as a disease biomarker.