Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An analysis of Australian seasonal rainfall anomalies: 1950–1987. I: Spatial patterns

A detailed analysis of the variability of Australian district rainfall on seasonal time-scales over the period 1950–1987 is described. This paper, Part I, describes the dominant spatial modes or patterns of variability. The major analysis tool is rotated principal component analysis (RPCA), used in both the S and T modes. Various criteria are examined to determine the number of components to rotate, including conducting trial rotations and comparison of the resulting patterns with the corresponding one-point correlation maps. The stability of the chosen solutions is examined by repeating the analysis on various subsets of the data. The S-mode analysis, which groups districts with similar temporal variation, provides a regionalization of the continent into eight coherent and approximately equally sized regions. The results of this analysis closely resemble those obtained from cluster analysis. The T-mode analysis clusters seasons with similar large-scale spatial variations (anomaly patterns). The similarity measure used in the T-mode analysis is the congruence coefficient, rather than the correlation or covariance. The patterns produced by this analysis consist of continental-scale anomalies, similar in some respects to the unrotated S-mode patterns, but more amenable to meteorological interpretation. In particular the first pattern, which accounts for approximately 25 per cent of the total variance consists of anomalies of the same sign over the entire continent centred on south-east Australia. The relationship between the two modes of representation is also explored. Regression equations are developed to express the spatially complex T-mode patterns in terms of the localized S-mode patterns, and alternatively, to partition the variance of each of the S-mode patterns between the T-mode components. In Part II the temporal variability and the relationship of these patterns to the Southern Oscillation and other large-scale circulation anomalies are examined.
Analyzing The Continuance Intention Of Fixed Broadband Using Modified Utaut2 Model (A Case Study Of Indihome In Indonesia)

The development of fixed broadband technology in Indonesia has been triggered by the growth of internet users. One of them is Indihome, which is a product of PT. Telekomunikasi Indonesia Tbk based on fixed broadband with the highest market share in Indonesia. However, based on survey results in the last four years, customer ratings of Indihome have decreased, which can result in a decrease in market share. The transition from the Covid-19 pandemic to becoming an endemic has been proven to change consumer behavior. Based on data, this decline was due to a lack of product and service quality, a decrease in the number of new customers post the Covid-19 pandemic and a high churn rate. This encourages PT.Telekomunikasi Indonesia Tbk to continue making improvements to Indihome services and products to increase and maintain the number of users by knowing the factors that influence them. The aims of this study is to provide valuable insights into the factors that influencing Continuance Intention of subscribing Indihome by using the UTAUT2 model with Content and Income as additional variables. The respondents in this study consisted of 425 Indihome users in Indonesia who were selected based on certain criteria using a purposive sampling technique and analyzed using SmartPLS. The results showed that the factors that influencing Continuance Intention of subscribing Indihome from highest to lowest are Habit, Performance Expectancy, and Price Value. This research model has a high level of predictive capability, as evidenced by the R2 value of 83%. Therefore, PT.Telekomunikasi Indonesia Tbk can utilize this model to improve and advance the Continuance Intention of subscribing Indihome taking into account these factors.
Determination of Phenolic Compounds in Willow ( Salix babylonica L .) Leaf Extract

: Willow ( Salix babylonica L.) leaf extracts are rich in many bioactive compounds such as phenolic and flavonoid compounds. This study aimed to determine the chemical composition and the total phenolics and flavonoid content in the willow leaf extract. A chemical analysis of the willow leaf was performed. Total phenolics and flavonoids in the leaf extract of willow were determined spectrophotometrically. Separation and identification of phenolic compounds were determined by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). The content of crude protein, ether extract, crude fibers, ash, and available carbohydrate were 11.6, 3.4, 23.5, 14.1, and 38.6 %, respectively. Total phenolic and flavonoid contents in leaf extract were 75.30 mg GAE/g and 29.6 mg CE/g dried extract, respectively. Gallic acid, chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, syringic, coumaric acid, hydroxybenzoic, cinnamic acid, catechin, rutin, naringenin, and quercetin were detected in leaf extract, while the major bioactive compounds in the leaf extract were chlorogenic acid (2.51mg/g) and rutin (1.94 mg/g). It could be concluded that willow leaf extract was a rich source of natural phenolics and flavonoid compounds. Therefore, willow leaf extract can be used as an antioxidant agent in pharmaceutical products, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, food preservatives, and animal diets.
Energy Efficient VNF-FG Embedding via Attention-Based Deep Reinforcement Learning

Designing smart mechanisms to facilitate and accelerate service deployment and management is one of the most challenging aspects for network infrastructure providers. This is due to the massive amount of traffic that they are expected to support, the decentralized nature of the architectures, and the services they run to meet quality targets and avoid Service Level Agreement (SLA) violations. Therefore, Communications Service Providers (CSPs) are devoting much of their efforts on reducing energy consumption and reducing carbon foot-print of their network infrastructures. In future communication networks, traditional management mechanisms, and centralized legacy solutions show their limitations in ensuring revenue for the infrastructure providers, the service providers, and a good Quality of Experience (QoE) for the end-users. The deployment of these services requires, typically, an efficient allocation of Virtual Network Function Forwarding Graph (VNF-FG). In this context, we propose an intelligent energy efficient VNF-FG embedding approach based on multi-agent attention-based Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL). Our contribution uses a semi-distributed DRL mechanism for VNF-FG placement. The proposed algorithm is shown to outperform previous state-of-the-art approaches in terms of acceptance rate, power consumption, and execution time.
Variability in the macrofauna of a single riffle in Prosser Creek, California, as indicated by the Surber sampler

To determine the variability of the macrofauna in a single riffle, 100 bottom samples were taken in Prosser Creek, Nevada County, California, using the Surber Square Foot Sampler with a Latin Square experimental design. Statistical analyses of the results indicate that 194 samples would be required to give significant figures on total wet weights at the 95 per cent level of confidence. Total numbers would require 73 samples. The number of square foot samples necessary to ensure representation of the commonest genera or higher groups of aquatics, on the other hand, was quite low; therefore, because of its saving in labor and time, qualitative sampling rather than volume or weight, is recommended for use in pollution studies. Possibly because of the uniformity of the riffle, no correlation was found between types of organisms and different types of bottom, but striking correlations were observed with depth and speed of current. The majority of genera preferred both moderate depths and water speeds although for others the reverse was true.
Integrated Localization and Communication for Efficient Millimeter Wave Networks

Integrated localization and communication (ILC) at millimeter wave (mmWave MMWAVEinit) frequencies will be a key enabler for providing accurate location information and high data rate communication in beyond fifth generation (B5G) networks. This paper proposes a transmission frame structure and a soft information (SI)-based localization algorithm for position-assisted communications. In accordance with B5G specifications, we consider multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO)-orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) networks. Theoretical limits are also derived to serve both as performance benchmark and as input for algorithm design. The proposed method enables cooperative ILC with improved localization accuracy and enhanced communication rate simultaneously. In particular, position-assisted communication at mmWave MMWAVEinit frequencies is explored accounting for the statistical characteristics of the wireless environment. Localization accuracy and communication rate are quantified in 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) network scenarios. Results show that the SI-based localization algorithm achieves decimeter-level accuracy, approaching the theoretical limit. Moreover, the position-assisted communication can provide higher communication rate with reduced overhead compared to existing techniques, especially in scenarios with high mobility.
Pointwise Maximal Leakage

We introduce a privacy measure called pointwise maximal leakage, generalizing the pre-existing notion of maximal leakage, which quantifies the amount of information leaking about a secret <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$X$ </tex-math></inline-formula> by disclosing a single outcome of a (randomized) function calculated on <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$X$ </tex-math></inline-formula>. Pointwise maximal leakage is a robust and operationally meaningful privacy measure that captures the largest amount of information leaking about <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$X$ </tex-math></inline-formula> to adversaries seeking to guess arbitrary (possibly randomized) functions of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$X$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, or equivalently, aiming to maximize arbitrary gain functions. We study several properties of pointwise maximal leakage, e.g., how it composes over multiple outcomes, how it is affected by pre- and post-processing, etc. Furthermore, we propose to view information leakage as a random variable which, in turn, allows us to regard privacy guarantees as requirements imposed on different statistical properties of the information leakage random variable. We define several privacy guarantees and study how they behave under pre-processing, post-processing and composition. Finally, we examine the relationship between pointwise maximal leakage and other privacy notions such as local differential privacy, local information privacy, <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$f$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-information, and so on. Overall, our paper constructs a robust and flexible framework for privacy risk assessment whose central notion has a strong operational meaning which can be adapted to a variety of applications and practical scenarios.
Geographical differences in the UV measured by intercompared spectroradiometers

Five UV spectroradiometers representative of the types used in monitoring programs on several continents were intercompared at the Fraunhofer Institute for Atmospheric Environmental Research (IFU), Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Southern Germany, during a campaign in August 1994. Global spectral irradiances between 290 and l410 nm were measured over a range of solar zenith angles from 30{degrees} to 80{degrees}. Scans were synchronized to enable useful comparisons to be made under changing weather conditions, which included overcast, partly cloudy, and clear skies. No exchange of data was allowed between participating groups until after the campaign. At wavelengths longer than 310 nm, the spectra generally agreed to within {plus_minus}5%. At a wavelengths shorter than 3l10 nm, differences between instruments were larger, especially at larger solar zenith angles. Causes of differences are discussed. For all instruments, deviations in erythemally weighted irradiances were always less than 7% from the mean. The agreement between measurement systems is sufficient to allow an investigation of geographical differences in UV, under all observing conditions. UV doses measured at sites in the southern hemisphere are systematically larger than those measured at the corresponding northern latitudes. During the summer months the daily doses at the South Pole exceed those at mid-latitudes in the Northernmore » Hemisphere. Further investigations must be performed to establish a global UV-climatology. 8 refs., 5 figs., 2 tabs. « less
Probabilistic Fusion of Depth Maps with Local Variance Estimation

Depth sensors in general, but especially consumer level sensors, show significantly varying noise characteristics depending on the environment and the measured material. If only an empirically determined sensor model is used, the quality of some reconstructed surface areas might therefore be worse than estimated. In order to gain an accurate surface approximation with meaningful corresponding estimation variances, noise characteristics of surface elements must be treated individually. We propose a probabilistic approach that combines an empirically determined sensor noise model with an incrementally updated estimation of the local noise distribution. Experiments on a publicly available dataset demonstrate that our algorithm reconstructs challenging scenes with comparatively high accuracy and fewer outliers.
Tectonometamorphic discontinuities in the Greater Himalayan Sequence: a local or a regional feature?

Abstract The Greater Himalayan Sequence (GHS) is one of the major tectonic units of the Himalaya running for more than 2400 km along-strike. It has been considered as a coherent tectonic unit bound by the South Tibetan Detachment (STD) and the Main Central Thrust (MCT). However, thrusts within it have been recognized in several places and have been mainly interpreted as out-of-sequence thrusts being active after the main phase of exhumation of the crystalline unit after the MCT activated. Recent integrated studies allow the recognition of several ductile shear zones in the core of the GHS, with top-to-the-SW-sense of shear (Higher Himalayan Discontinuity (HHD)). U–Th–Pb in situ monazite ages provide ages older than the MCT. Data on pressure and temperature evolution testify that these shear zones affected the tectonometamorphic evolution of the belt and different pressure and temperature conditions were recorded in the hanging wall and footwall of the HHD. The correlation of the WNW–ESE-trending HHD with other discontinuities recognized in the GHS led to the proposal that it is a tectonic feature running for several hundred kilometres, documented at the regional scale dividing the GHS in two different portions.
Luminescence Spectroscopy of Mechanically Processed Lithium-Ion Battery Cells

Typical battery materials of lithium-ion battery cells were investigated regarding their optical and spectroscopic characteristics which could be beneficial for a spectroscopy-based recognition and sorting approach. Several plastic components, including the separator foil, exhibited luminescence in the visible spectral region after excitation by ultraviolet light. It has been shown that this behavior can be used to increase the prediction accuracy of those materials for a Mask R-CNN model. That may allow a reliable recognition using a basic RGB-camera setup for a mechanical separation process.
Effect of irrigation water depth on tomato yield, water charge and net returns at Geriyo Irrigation Project, Yola, Nigeria.

An experiment was set up to study the effect of irrigation water depth on tomato yield, water charge and net returns. Six different depths of water; 100, 125, 150, 175, 200 and 225 mm designated as treatment A,B,C,D,E and F were applied to six basins of the same size (2 m ×2 m), respectively at the Geriyo Irrigation Project during the 2011/2012 dry season farming. Tomato (lycpersicon esculetum) Pevabo variety was used as a trial crop. Irrigation interval of 7 days was applied throughout the season. The result shows that crop yield increased with increase in depth of water applied up to an optimum value of 125 mm per irrigation beyond which resulted in decrease in crop yield. An overall average crop yield of 11.7 t/ha was obtained for all the treatments. Highest net returns of $547.68/ha and irrigation water charge of $7.71/ha was recorded for the experiment. The highest water use efficiency was found to be 8.46X10 -3 t/ha/mm found at the 100 mm water depth. Correlation coefficient (r 2 ) between the yield and the amount of water applied was found to be 0.863. Statistically using analysis of variance, the result showed that there was no significant difference among the crop yield at 5% level of significance. This means that crop yield is not influenced by the amount of water applied in the location. Irrigation depth of 125 mm is hereby recommended for tomato in the irrigation project for water saving and yield increase at Geriyo irrigation Scheme.
The Economic Organization of Late and Terminal Classic Period Maya Stone Tool Craft Specialist Workshops at Colha, Belize

Abstract The composition of five Late and Terminal Classic Period stone tool workshop deposits from the Maya site of Colha, Belize, is compared to determine the degree of variability in production strategies within ibis community. Workshop deposits examined here are of two basic varieties: either attacbed to the slopes of single domestic platforms, or as isolated deposits located in close proximity to a Cluster of domestic structures around an aguada, or seasonally inundated pond. Debris in Late Classic deposits varies spatially and temporally with respect to stage of manufacture and types of tools produced. One set of workshop deposits, organized around an aguada, contains debris that represents early, as well as late, stages of production and indicates a specific focus on the production of one tool type. Over time, comparisons of workshop debris indicate a greater concentration on blade production at several localities during the Terminal Classic than observed during the previous period. This switch in focus may represent a response to changing regional consumer demands. This analysis of the Variation on stone tool workshop deposits at Colha sheds light on a flexible, fluid Organization of craft specialists at this community that was not tightly centralized or elite-controlled. Nonetheless, producers were highly integrated into regional Maya economy and were sensitive to changing political dynamics affecting local or regional consumer demands for Colba products.
Huaridelphis raimondii, a New Early Miocene Squalodelphinidae (Cetacea, Odontoceti) from the Chilcatay Formation, Peru

ABSTRACT The fossil record of odontocetes (toothed cetaceans) is relatively scarce during the Oligocene and early Miocene compared with later in the Miocene and Pliocene; most of the odontocete families from these epochs are known by a limited number of species and specimens. Among those, Squalodelphinidae is a family of small- to medium-sized platanistoids with single-rooted teeth, which until now has included only four genera based on diagnostic material, from the early Miocene of Europe, Argentina, and North America. Recent field work in the Pisco-Ica desert, southern coast of Peru, has resulted in the discovery of several marine vertebrate-rich localities in various levels of the late Oligocene-early Miocene Chilcatay Formation. Based on three specimens from Ullujaya and Zamaca, including two well-preserved skulls with periotics, we describe a new squalodelphinid genus and species, Huaridelphis raimondii. This new species increases the early Miocene diversity of the family and is also its smallest known member. It further differs from other squalodelphinids by its thin antorbital process of the frontal, abruptly tapering rostrum, and higher tooth count. A more fragmentary skull, from Zamaca, is referred to Squalodelphinidae aff. H. raimondii. This skull provides information on the morphology of the tympanic, malleus, and incus, currently unknown in H. raimondii. Focusing on platanistoids with single-rooted teeth, our phylogenetic analysis suggests that Squalodelphinidae are monophyletic and confirms the sister-group relationship between the latter and Platanistidae. The relationships within Squalodelphinidae are not fully resolved, but H. raimondii might be one of the earliest diverging taxa.
Stratigraphy and Petrology of the Mainly Fluviatile Permian and Triassic Beacon Rocks, Beardmore Glacier Area, Antarctica

The near horizontal Beacon strata (Devonian? -Triassic) of the Beardmore Glacier area rest on a peneplain cut mainly in a Precambrian to Lower Paleozoic graywacke and phyllite sequence intruded by granitic plutons. The 2600-m-thick Beacon sequence comprises eight formations; the Alexandra Formation (Devonian? ), the Pagoda, Mackellar, Fairchild and Buckley Formations (Permian), the Fremouw and Falla Formations (Triassic), and the Triassic? -Jurassic Prebble Formation. The Ferrar Group (Jurassic), which overlies and intrudes the Beacon rocks, c~n­ prises the Kirkpatrick Basalt and Ferrar Dolerite. This study is concerned mainly with the stratigraphy and petrology of the Permian and Triassic Beacon strata above the glacial Pagoda Formation. The Mackellar Formation, which conform.ably overlies the Pagoda Formation, consists of 60 to 140 m of laminated mediumto dark-gray shale and light-gray fine-grained sandstone, but the proportion of sandstone increases to the northwest. Current flow was southeasterly. The formation was deposited in a quiet body of water extending for 1000 km along the Transantarctic Mountains from the Queen Elizabeth Range to the Ohio Range; Sr87/Sr86 ratios suggest a noimlarine enviroimlent. The Fairchild Formation consists of 130 to 220 m Qf arkosic sandstone deposited by southeast-flowing streams. The sand was derived from a granitic and metasedimentary source, though same may have been reworked glacial debris. The Buckley Formation is a crudely cyclic coal-bearing sequence about 750 m thick; sandstone beds rest on erosion surfaces and grade upward into carbonaceous shale. Coal forms as much as six percent of the section. Leaves (mainly Glossopteris) and stems are carmnon. Buckley sandstone had two nonvolcanic sources; quartz plagioclase K-feldspar sand from the west, and quartz-plagioclase sancl. from the north. Intermediate-acid volcanic detritus appears 100-300 m above the base of the formation and dominates the sandstones in the upper part. The Triassic Fremouw Formation consists of three parts: the lowest is a 100-m-thick cyclic sequence of quartzose sandstone and greenishgray siltstone; the middle, 200 m thick, is mainly siltstone and includes sandstone with volcanic fragments; the upper 300 mis mainly similar volcanic sandstone, although the beds become carbonaceous toward the top. A labyrinthodont jawbone fragment was discovered near the base of the formation, and leaves of Dicroidium and logs were found near the top; root impressions occur throughout. The Falla Formation, which is from 160 to 530 m thick, is a cyclic sandstone-shale sequence in the lower part. The sandstone is more