Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Dental caries and periodontal status in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus.

INTRODUCTION Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is a chronic metabolic disease that strongly affects the health of individuals. Some studies have sug-gested that it affects oral health, thus indicating a higher-than-average predisposition of patients with diabetes to caries and periodontal diseases. AIM OF THE STUDY We aimed at investigating the association between caries, periodontal diseases, and diabetes among children using dental indices. MATERIAL AND METHODS The study included 50 children (aged 10-18 years) who had type 1 diabetes for at least years. The participants were divided into well controlled (WC), (HBA1c < 7.5%) and poorly controlled (PC) (HBA1c ≥ 7.5%) groups (25 diabetic children each). The control group (GC) included non-diabetic children. The following clinical parameters were measured: DMFT index, plaque index (PI), approximal plaque index (API), gingival index (GI), and modified sulcus bleeding index (mSBI). RESULTS The WC group had the lowest average value - 3.44 of the DMFT index with values of 5.80 and 3.88 in the PC and GC groups, respec-tively. A statistically significant difference was found in the DMFT value between PC and WC groups (p = 0.04). No statistically signif-icant differences in the values of other indices were found between the groups. CONCLUSIONS Children with poorly controlled type 1 diabetes were characterised by a significantly higher intensity of caries. In contrast, no statistical-ly significant differences were observed in the periodontal status between the study groups.
A Humanized Lym-1 CAR with Novel DAP10/DAP12 Signaling Domains Demonstrates Reduced Tonic Signaling and Increased Antitumor Activity in B-Cell Lymphoma Models

Purpose: The murine Lym-1 mAb targets a discontinuous epitope (Lym-1 epitope) on several subtypes of HLA-DR, which is upregulated in a majority of human B-cell lymphomas and leukemias. Unlike CD19, the Lym-1 epitope does not downregulate upon crosslinking, which may provide an advantage as a target for CAR T-cell therapy. Lym-1 CAR T cells with a conventional 4-1BB and CD3ζ (BB3z) signaling domain exhibited impaired ex vivo expansion. This study aimed to identify the underlying mechanisms and develop strategies to overcome this effect. Experimental Design: A functional humanized Lym-1 antibody (huLym-1-B) was identified and its scFv form was used for CAR design. To overcome observed impaired expansion in vitro, a huLym-1-B CAR using DAP10 and DAP12 (DAP) signaling domains was evaluated for ex vivo expansion and in vivo function. Results: Impaired expansion in huLym-1-B-BB3z CAR T cells was shown to be due to ligand-dependent suboptimal CAR signaling caused by interaction of the CAR binding domain and the surface of human T cells. Using the novel DAP signaling domain construct, the effects of suboptimal CAR signaling were overcome to produce huLym-1-B CAR T cells with improved expansion ex vivo and function in vivo. In addition, the Lym-1 epitope does not significantly downregulate in response to huLym-1-B-DAP CAR T cells both ex vivo and in vivo. Conclusions: DAP intracellular domains can serve as signaling motifs for CAR, and this new construct enables nonimpaired production of huLym-1-B CAR T cells with potent in vivo antitumor efficacy.
Monoacylglycerol Form of Omega-3s Improves Its Bioavailability in Humans Compared to Other Forms

Numerous benefits are attributed to omega-3 fatty acids (OM3) especially in cardiovascular health. However, bioavailability and clinical efficacy depend on numerous factors, including OM3 form, food matrix effects (especially the lipid content of the diet), and metabolic capacity. Here, we show in humans that a “pre-digested” OM3-sn-1(3)-monoacylglycerol lipid structure (OM3-MAG) has a significantly greater absorption at high therapeutic doses (2.9 g/day) than the most commonly OM3-ethyl ester (3.1 g/day) form (used for the treatment of hypertriglyceridemia), and a comparable profile to other pre-digested OM3 free fatty acids (OM3-FFA) structure (3.2 g/day). Nutritional supplement doses of MAG resulted in similar increases in OM3 blood level, compared to OM3 triacylglycerols (OM3-TAG) supplements in obese subjects (1.2 g/day) under low fat diet, and in children with cystic fibrosis (1.0 g/day). These results suggest that both forms of pre-digested OM3-MAG and OM3-FFA are effectively absorbed and re-incorporated effectively into triacylglycerols inside the enterocytes, before being exported into the chylomicrons lipid transport system. The pre-digested OM3-MAG might provide a more effective therapy in severe cardiovascular conditions where high doses of OM3 are required and a low-fat diet is indicated, which limited digestive lipase activity.
Establishment of an enhanced recovery after surgery protocol in minimally invasive heart valve surgery

Protocols for “Enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS)” are on the rise in different surgical disciplines and represent one of the most important recent advancements in perioperative medical care. In cardiac surgery, only few ERAS protocols have been described in the past. At University Heart Center Hamburg, Germany, we invented an ERAS protocol for patients undergoing minimally invasive cardiac valve surgery. In this retrospective single center study, we aimed to describe the implementation of our ERAS program and to evaluate the results of the first 50 consecutive patients. Our ERAS protocol was developed according to a modified Kern cycle by an expert group, literature search, protocol creation and pilot implementation in the clinical practice. Data of the first 50 consecutive patients undergoing minimally invasive cardiac valve surgery were analysed retrospectively. The key features of our multidisciplinary ERAS protocol are physiotherapeutic prehabilitation, minimally invasive valve surgery techniques, modified cardiopulmonary bypass management, fast-track anaesthesia with on- table extubation and early mobilisation. A total of 50 consecutive patients (mean age of 51.9±11.9 years, mean STS score of 0.6±0.3) underwent minimally-invasive mitral or aortic valve surgery. The adherence to the ERAS protocol was high and neither protocol related complications nor in-hospital mortality occurred. 12% of the patients developed postoperative atrial fibrillation, postoperative delirium emerged in two patients and reintubation was required in one patient. Intensive care unit stay was 14.0±7.4 hours and total hospital stay 6.2±2.9 days. Our ERAS protocol is feasible and safe in minimally-invasive cardiac surgery setting and has a clear potential to improve patients outcome.
Sevoflurane inhibits neuronal migration and axon growth in the developing mouse cerebral cortex

The highly organized laminar structure of the mammalian brain is dependent on successful neuronal migration, and migration deficits can cause lissencephaly and behavioral and cognitive defects. Here, we investigated the contribution of neuronal migration dysregulation to anesthesia-induced neurotoxicity in the fetal brain. Pregnant C57BL/6 mice at embryonic day 14.5 received 2.5% sevoflurane daily for two days. Cortical neuron migration and axon lengths were evaluated using GFP immunostaining. Morris water maze tests were performed to assess the effects of sevoflurane exposure on spatial memory in offspring. We found that sevoflurane exposure decreased axon length and caused cognitive defects in young mice. RNA sequencing revealed that these defects were associated with reduced neuro-oncological ventral antigen 2 (Nova2) expression. In utero electroporation experiments using Nova2 shRNA recapitulated this finding. Nova2 shRNA inhibited neuronal migration and decreased axon lengths. Finally, we found that Netrin-1/Deleted in Colorectal Cancer (Dcc) proteins acted downstream of Nova2 to suppresses neuronal migration. These findings describe a novel mechanism by which prenatal anesthesia exposure affects embryonic neural development and postnatal behavior.
No Relationship Between Lower Extremity Alignment During Unilateral and Bilateral Drop Jumps and the Risk of Knee or Ankle Injury: A Prospective Study.

OBJECTIVE Most research has focused on the bilateral drop jumps even though lower extremity injuries often occur in a single leg landing. We aimed to investigate the association between lower extremity alignment during unilateral and bilateral drop jump tests, and the risk of acute non-contact knee or ankle injuries in young team sport athletes. DESIGN Prospective cohort study. METHODS We used two-dimensional video analysis to measure the frontal plane knee projection angle in the single leg vertical drop jump (VDJ) and the bilateral VDJ in young team sport athletes. Out of the 364 athletes (187 males/177 females), 189 played basketball and 175 played floorball. RESULTS Six male athletes sustained knee injuries and 36 sustained ankle injuries. Frontal plane knee projection angle in the single leg VDJ or the bilateral VDJ were not associated with ankle injuries among male athletes. No statistical analysis was performed for the knee injuries. Among female athletes, 28 sustained knee and 41 sustained ankle injuries. Frontal plane knee projection angle during the single leg VDJ or the bilateral VDJ were not risk factors for knee or ankle injuries. CONCLUSION Lower extremity alignment during unilateral and bilateral drop jump test was not associated with future non-contact knee or ankle injuries among young team sport athletes. The findings should be interpreted cautiously due to the small number of injuries. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther, Epub 9 Apr 2020. doi:10.2519/jospt.2020. 9247.
Mediterranean diet adherence and risk of incident kidney stones.

BACKGROUND Diet plays an important role in kidney stone formation. Several individual components have been associated with the risk of kidney stone formation, but there is limited evidence regarding the role of healthful dietary patterns. OBJECTIVE To prospectively study the association between adherence to the Mediterranean diet and the risk of incident kidney stones. METHODS We conducted a longitudinal study using 3 different cohorts: the Health Professionals Follow-up Study (n = 42,902 men), the Nurses' Health Study I (n = 59,994 women), and the Nurses' Health Study II (n = 90,631 women). We assessed diet every 4 y using an FFQ and calculated adherence to a Mediterranean diet using the alternate Mediterranean diet score (aMED). A subgroup of 6077 participants provided ≥1 24-h urine sample, and urinary solute excretion was analyzed. We used Cox proportional hazards regression to examine the independent association between the aMED and incidence of kidney stones, adjusting for potential confounders. We used adjusted linear regression models to study the relation between aMED and urine composition. RESULTS During 3,316,633 person-years of follow-up, 6576 cases of incident kidney stones were identified. For participants in the highest aMED score category, the risk of developing a kidney stone was between 13% and 41% lower compared with participants in the lowest score (pooled HR: 0.72, 95% CI: 0.59, 0.87; P value for trend <0.001). A higher aMED score was associated with higher urinary citrate, magnesium, oxalate, phosphate, uric acid, volume, and pH, and lower urinary sodium, resulting in lower supersaturation for calcium oxalate, calcium phosphate, and uric acid. CONCLUSION Adherence to a Mediterranean diet is associated with a lower risk of developing a kidney stone.
Inflammation and Trauma-Related Psychopathology in Syrian and Iraqi Refugees

Refugees experience high rates of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), anxiety, and depression due to exposure to civilian war trauma and forced migration. Inflammatory products may offer viable biological indicators of trauma-related psychopathology in this cohort, promoting rapid and objective assessment of psychopathology. Incoming Syrian and Iraqi refugees (n = 36) ages 18–65 completed self-report measures of PTSD, anxiety, and depression and provided saliva samples during an assessment at a primary care clinic within the first month of resettlement in the United States. Interleukin 1β (IL-1β) and C-reactive protein (CRP) differentially correlated with symptom severity by domain, and there was a non-significant trend for sex moderating the relation between inflammation and PTSD symptoms. Our findings show unique relations between trauma-related psychopathology and inflammation. There is a need for further research in diverse ethnic cohorts with differential trauma exposures for inflammation to be considered a biological indicator of psychopathology.
COVID-19 Pandemic and Comparative Health Policy Learning in Iran.

BACKGROUND On March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) a global pandemic. Starting in December 2019 from China, the first cases were officially announced on February 19 in Qom city, Iran. As of April 3, 2020, 206 countries have reported a total of 932166 cases with 46764 deaths. Along with China, USA, Italy, Spain, and Germany, Iran has been suffering the hardest burden of COVID-19 outbreak. Worse still, countries like Iran are struggling with the double burden of political sanctions to provide lifesaving medical equipment and medicines to combat the emergency. METHODS Using systematic document content analysis and through the lenses of health policy triangle, this article aims to compare the policies and strategies that Iran is adopting, with the experience and recommendations of China and WHO to combat COVID-19. RESULTS Iran has formulated contextual-based policies to combat COVID-19 outbreak before and after virus entrance. Insufficient whole-government, whole-society approach in managing the outbreak, inadequate lifesaving and protective equipment, and delayed decisive governance are the biggest challenges in policy making to combat COVID-19. COVID-19 policies are a public health concern and require professional advocacy attempts through appropriate inter-sectoral collaboration and whole-government coalitions. CONCLUSION COVID-19 is an unfolding outbreak; hence, policy learning is crucial to formulate appropriate policies and implement them accordingly. Iran has made many efforts to defeat the outbreak, but more coherent, timely and efficient action is required, now, more than ever, to save lives and slow the spread of this pandemic.
Virtual Reality as a novel educational tool in preclinical paediatric dentistry training: Students' perceptions.

BACKGROUND Dental students are required to demonstrate competency by preclinical simulated practice before performing invasive clinical procedures on patients. The Moog Simodont® Dental Trainer provides a virtual reality based dental simulation environment for training students. AIM This cross-sectional questionnaire-based study compared students' perception of the preclinical paediatric dentistry training gained in Simodont® and conventional simulation environment. DESIGN The dental students who completed pulpotomies and stainless steel crowns (SSCs) training in Simodont® and conventional preclinical simulation laboratory were invited to complete a questionnaire on their experience in both environments. The percentages for the distribution of responses to statements about training modality were tabulated, and intra-participant comparisons were used to measure student preference for either Simodont® or conventional simulation training. RESULTS One hundred students completed the survey. Fifty-one percent of students agreed that using Simodont® assisted their learning, and 56% felt Simodont® training facilitated their understanding of paediatric dentistry tasks. Generally, participants felt more comfortable with simulation training than Simodont® for both practical exercises. Eighty-eight percent of the participants disagreed that Simodont® should replace conventional simulation. CONCLUSIONS The study suggests that Simodont® could be used as an adjunct in training dental students for preclinical paediatric dentistry restorative exercises.
The n-10 Fatty Acids Family in the Lipidome of Human Prostatic Adenocarcinoma Cell Membranes and Extracellular Vesicles

A new pathway leading to the n-10 fatty acid series has been recently evidenced, starting from sapienic acid, a monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) resulting from the transformation of palmitic acid by delta-6 desaturase. Sapienic acid has attracted attention as a novel marker of cancer cell plasticity. Here, we analyzed fatty acids, including the n-10 fatty acid contents, and for the first time, compared cell membranes and the corresponding extracellular vesicles (EV) of two human prostatic adenocarcinoma cell lines of different aggressiveness (PC3 and LNCaP). The n-10 components were 9–13% of the total fatty acids in both cancer cell lines and EVs, with total MUFA levels significantly higher in EVs of the most aggressive cell type (PC3). High sapienic/palmitoleic ratios indicated the preference for delta-6 versus delta-9 desaturase enzymatic activity in these cell lines. The expressions analysis of enzymes involved in desaturation and elongation by qRT-PCR showed a higher desaturase activity in PC3 and a higher elongase activity toward polyunsaturated fatty acids than toward saturated fatty acids, compared to LNCaP cells. Our results improve the present knowledge in cancer fatty acid metabolism and lipid phenotypes, highlighting EV lipidomics to monitor positional fatty acid isomer profiles and MUFA levels in cancer.
Evaluation of supercritical fluid extraction for the determination of neonicotinoid pesticides in green onion

Abstract A supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) method was presented for the determination of neonicotinoid pesticides in green onion. We optimized the SFE parameters, namely the pressure, temperature, type and concentration of the modifier solvent, and extraction time, by testing on the incurred green onion applied with four commercial neonicotinoid formulations at the harvesting stage. The analytical values of the four neonicotinoids, obtained by 5 min dynamic SFE with a 25% (v/v) methanol/supercritical carbon dioxide mixture at 80 °C and 25 MPa, were in good agreement with those obtained by solid-liquid extraction using a homogenizer. This latter homogenization method is employed as a Japanese official method for the analysis of pesticide residues in food. The SFE-to-homogenization analytical value ratios were in the range 98.8–100.0%. Spike-and-recovery testing with spiked green onion was also performed by optimized SFE. The ratios of the analytical-to-spiked concentrations for six neonicotinoids obtained by the SFE method were 96.1–102.1% for 0.4 mg/kg and 93.9–104.1% for 4.0 mg/kg spiking levels. These values satisfied the Japanese validation guidelines for the testing method of pesticides in food. These results indicate that SFE is applicable for the analysis of neonicotinoids in green onion and enables automatic extraction with a small amount of solvent.
What’s the Best Anticoagulation Management for Deep Venous Thrombosis?

Management of Deep Venous Thrombosis has dramatically changed with implication of endovascular techniques. Mechanical thrombectomy and Catheter directed thrombolysis have become the treatment of choice for proximal (femoro-iliac) disease giving excellent long lasting results. Anticoagulation remains crucial treatment for distal disease and even patients post successful proximal recanalizations require long term anticoagulation afterwards. The duration of the treatment suppose to follow the guidelines, but choice of medication is usually left on the physician and the circumstances. In our article we describe all available anticoagulant agents with detailed analysis.
The presubiculum links incipient amyloid and tau pathology to memory function in older persons

Objective To identify the hippocampal subregions linking initial amyloid and tau pathology to memory performance in clinically normal older individuals, reflecting preclinical Alzheimer disease (AD). Methods A total of 127 individuals from the Harvard Aging Brain Study (mean age 76.22 ± 6.42 years, 68 women [53.5%]) with a Clinical Dementia Rating score of 0, a flortaucipir tau-PET scan, a Pittsburgh compound B amyloid-PET scan, a structural MRI scan, and cognitive testing were included. From these images, we calculated neocortical, hippocampal, and entorhinal amyloid pathology; entorhinal and hippocampal tau pathology; and the volumes of 6 hippocampal subregions and total hippocampal volume. Memory was assessed with the selective reminding test. Mediation and moderation analyses modeled associations between regional markers and memory. Analyses included covariates for age, sex, and education. Results Neocortical amyloid, entorhinal tau, and presubiculum volume univariately associated with memory performance. The relationship between neocortical amyloid and memory was mediated by entorhinal tau and presubiculum volume, which was modified by hippocampal amyloid burden. With other biomarkers held constant, presubiculum volume was the only marker predicting memory performance in the total sample and in individuals with elevated hippocampal amyloid burden. Conclusions The presubiculum captures unique AD-related biological variation that is not reflected in total hippocampal volume. Presubiculum volume may be a promising marker of imminent memory problems and can contribute to understanding the interaction between incipient AD-related pathologies and memory performance. The modulation by hippocampal amyloid suggests that amyloid is a necessary, but not sufficient, process to drive neurodegeneration in memory-related regions.
The Spectrum of Neurologic Disease in the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Pandemic Infection: Neurologists Move to the Frontlines.

small series does not reflect the entirespectrumofneurologicdiseaseinCOVID-19disease,and muchislefttobelearnedwiththoroughneurologictestingin large data sets of patients with COVID-19. As the means for reliably assessing infection and prior exposure become avail-able,lesscommonneurologiccomplicationsshouldbeantici- pated; however, this glimpse into neurologic manifestations opensawindowintoneurologists’roleandplacesthemonthe front lines of the pandemic.
Management of Patients With Crohn’s Disease and Ulcerative Colitis During the Coronavirus Disease-2019 Pandemic: Results of an International Meeting

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