Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Associations between Exposure to Tobacco Smoke and Behavioral Problems in Preschool Japanese Children

Background A few studies related to pediatric behavior have measured secondhand smoke exposure in children using valid objective biochemical markers. We aimed at investigating the associations between current and cumulative exposure to tobacco smoke, measured both subjectively and objectively, and behavioral problems in children. Methods Subjects were 437 Japanese children, aged 3–6 years in 2006. Exposure to tobacco smoke was evaluated from a parent-administered questionnaire and urinary cotinine concentrations. The cotinine concentrations were measured using first-void morning urine by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Children's behaviors were assessed by the parent-completed Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire. Results After multiple adjustments for covariates, higher total difficulty scores of children were significantly associated with the larger number of cigarettes parents smoke, more smokers among cohabiters, and more pack-years of exposure to tobacco smoke from parents and cohabiters. The total difficulty scores were 8.72, 9.09, and 10.52, respectively, for children in the low, middle, and high tertiles of creatinine-corrected cotinine concentrations in urine (p=0.002, trend p=0.005). There was no substantial sex difference in the positive associations between passive smoking and the SDQ scores. Conclusions Exposure to tobacco smoke in early childhood may be involved in the development of pediatric behavioral problems. The importance of reducing the exposure of children to tobacco smoke, particularly in the home, was further emphasized for the prevention of psychological and behavioral problems in childhood.
Divergência genética de genótipos de feijão-de-corda quanto à resistência ao pulgão-preto

The objective of this work was to evaluate the genetic divergence among cowpea genotypes as to resistance to black aphid (Aphis craccivora), and to identify the best combinations between resistant genotypes. The experimental design was a randomized complete blocks with 51 treatments, represented by genotypes, and four replicates. Plants were infested 15 days after sowing, with five female adults. The number of adults and nymphs, at two and four days after infestation, respectively, and the relationship between them were evaluated. Mulamba & Mock's sum of ranks index, Mahalanobis' generalized distances, and Tocher's optimization method were used to assess the genetic distance among genotypes. The largest differences were observed between the genotypes BRS Guariba and Sete Semanas, and between TVu 410 and Sete Semanas, whereas BRS Guariba and TVu 410 were the most similar. The genotypes BRS Guariba, TVu 410, BRS Paraguacu, TVu 36, Sempre Verde, TVu 408 P2, Setentao, and Epace 10 show resistance to black aphid. Crossings between Setentao and BRS Guariba, TVu 410, BRS Paraguacu, TVu 36, TVu 408 P2, and between Epace 10 and Sempre Verde, BRS Guariba and TVu 410 are promising for new genetic combinations in breeding programs to improve resistance to black aphid.
New northern records of Tibicen chloromera (Hemiptera:Cicadidae) in Connecticut

Abstract We present new records of Tibicen chloromera (Walker) in Connecticut. Monitoring population size differences by song suggests that several population densities are common in Tibicen chloromera: (1) sizable calling populations (2) small populations numbering no more than 5 calling individuals (3) single calling individuals that often do not remain in the same location for more than a few days. We discuss the distribution of this species in the state and the implications of differing densities.
Comparison between the Express Implant and Transscleral Diode Laser in Neovascular Glaucoma

Purpose To compare the outcomes of Ex-PRESS glaucoma filtration device and transscleral cyclophotocoagulation (TSCP) in the management of neovascular glaucoma (NVG). Patients and Methods. A total of 30 eyes (12 express shunts and 18 TSCP) of 28 patients were included. The eyes had NVG with intraocular pressure (IOP) more than 21 mmHg of the maximally tolerated medication treatment after previous panretinal photocoagulation and antivascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) injection, with no previous history of a cyclodestruction procedure or glaucoma surgery, were randomized either for Ex-PRESS glaucoma filtration device or TSCP. The patients were followed up weekly for the first month and then monthly for 12 months as regard to the IOP, number of topical antiglaucoma drugs required, visual outcome, and postoperative complications. Results IOP was successfully controlled with both techniques in 83.3% of the eyes. Both techniques had fewer complications and required fewer subsequent procedures. Conclusion Both the Ex-PRESS glaucoma filtration device and TSCP might constitute safe and alternative therapeutic tools for patients with NVG. However, TSCP is an easier procedure, less time consuming, and does not require a learning curve.
Effectiveness of Auricular Acupuncture for Insomnia: An Overview of Systematic Reviews

Objectives The effectiveness of auricular acupuncture (AA) for insomnia is far from uniform. The aim of this overview was to summarize and critically evaluate the evidence from systematic reviews (SRs)/meta-analysis (MAs) and provide an overall verdict about the therapeutic value of AA for insomnia. Methods A search of relevant literature for SRs/MAs was performed on major medical databases. The methodological quality was assessed using the Assessing the Methodological Quality of Systematic Reviews 2 (AMSTAR-2) and the evidence quality was assessed using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE). Results Seven SRs/MAs were deemed eligible for the present overview. According to the evaluation results of AMSTAR-2, the methodological quality of all included SRs/MAs was critically low. Consistent methodological deficiencies were item 2 (the lack of a protocol), item 4 (the lack of a specific search strategy), item 7 (the lack of a list of excluded studies), and item 15 (the lack of an assessment of publication bias). For GRADE, of the 17 outcomes, only 1 (5.9%) was rated of high-quality, 4 (23.5%) were rated of moderate-quality, and the remaining 12 (70.6%) were rated of low-or critically low-quality. Descriptive analysis of the outcomes reveals a positive effect of AA for insomnia. Conclusions AA may be beneficial for insomnia, but the evidence is plagued by important limitations, e.g., the poor quality of SRs/MAs and primary studies.
Minimum Clinically Important Difference of Gross Motor Function and Gait Endurance in Children with Motor Impairment: A Comparison of Distribution-Based Approaches

Objective The minimum clinically important difference (MCID) is a standard way of measuring clinical relevance. The objective of this work was to establish the MCID for the 6-minute walking test (6minWT) and the Gross Motor Function Measure (GMFM-88) in pediatric gait disorders. Methods A cohort, pretest-posttest study was conducted in a hospitalized care setting. A total of 182 patients with acquired brain injury (ABI) or cerebral palsy (CP) performed 20 robot-assisted gait training sessions complemented with 20 sessions of physical therapy over 4 weeks. Separate MCIDs were calculated using 5 distribution-based approaches, complemented with an anonymized survey completed by clinical professionals. Results The MCID range for the 6minWT was 20-38 m in the ABI cohort, with subgroup ranges of 20-36 m for GMFCS I-II, 23-46 m for GMFCS III, and 24-46 m for GMFCS IV. MCIDs for the CP population were 6-23 m, with subgroup ranges of 4-28 m for GMFCS I-II, 9-19 m for GMFCS III, and 10-27 m for GMFCS IV. For GMFM-88 total score, MCID values were 1.1%-5.3% for the ABI cohort and 0.1%-3.0% for the CP population. For dimension “D” of the GMFM, MCID ranges were 2.3%-6.5% and 0.8%-5.2% for ABI and CP populations, respectively. For dimension “E,” MCID ranges were 2.8%-6.5% and 0.3%-4.9% for ABI and CP cohorts, respectively. The survey showed a large interquartile range, but the results well mimicked the distribution-based methods. Conclusions This study identified for the first time MCID ranges for 6minWT and GMFM-88 in pediatric patients with neurological impairments, offering useful insights for clinicians to evaluate the impact of treatments. Distribution-based methods should be used with caution: methods based on pre-post correlation may underestimate MCID when applied to patients with small improvements over the treatment period. Our results should be complemented with estimates obtained using consensus- and anchor-based approaches.
Características morfogênicas do capim-mombaça (Panicum maximum Jacq. cv. Mombaça) adubado com fontes de fósforo, sob pastejo

The experiment was carried out from December/2002 to April/2003 and aimed to evaluate the effects of two phosphorus sources (ordinary superphosphate + triple superphosphate and Yoorinâ magnesium thermophosphate), as a function of days (24) and evaluation period (summer and autumn) on leaf appearance interval (LAPI), leaf elongation rate (LER), leaf senescence (TLS), first and last ligule height (FLH; LLH), number of expanded leaves (NEL), number of leaves in expansion (NLE), total number of leaves (TNL), total number of live leaves (TNLL), and grazing return rate (GRR) on mombacagrass (Panicum maximum Jacq. cv. Mombaca). The experimental design was randomized blocks with three replications. There was no difference between phosphorus sources in all evaluated variables, except for leaf elongation rate, which was higher in tillers fertilized with the SPS+TSP treatment. Differences were found between evaluation periods, with summer showing higher leaf elongation rate and ligule height (first and last). The days evaluated indicated effect on first ligule height (FLH; LLH), number of expanded leaves (NEL), number of leaves in expansion (NFE), total number of leaves (TNL), total number of live leaves (TNLL), total number of senescent leaves (TLS), and grazing return rate (GRR). For days and period interactions only TNLL and TSL had positive linear correlations.
Assessment of Knowledge, Attitude and Practice Women of Reproductive Age Group Towards Abortion Care at Gambella Health Facilities, South West of Ethiopia

Abortion is an important cause of bleeding during pregnancy. It is one of the five Leading causes of maternal death in the developing world. Moreover, in developing country, abortion is the major cause of maternal mortality, which in Ethiopia safe abortion accounts 60% considering the huge number of maternal deaths due to abortion. The aim of this study is to Assessment of KAP Women of Reproductive Age Group towards Abortion Care at Gambella health facilities. An institutional based cross-sectional study will be conducted at 4 Health facilities in Gambella town from August 15 to September 30, 2019. A total of 412 pregnant women will be selected by systematic random sampling technique. Data will be coded and entered into Epi-info version 3.1 and exported to SPSS V-20 for cleaning and analysis. At bivariate logistic regression analysis, independent variables with cut off P-value<0.25 was included. In the multivariable binary logistic regression analyses were used to assess the independent effect of various explanatory variables on the dependent and to control potential confounder. P values <0.05 were considered to identify the significant factors associated with the dependent variable. Out of 422 sampled women of reproductive age group (15-49 years of age), 412 were interviewed making up a response rate of 97.6%. The majority of 39.1% participants had knowledge about legal abortion service and 69.5% of women in reproductive age group had inadequate knowledge towards safe abortion and who think about abortion, 174 (42.2%) were said that it is Sin against God, 52 (12.5%) were said that it is good, 67 (16.2%) were said that it is harm full practice and 40 (9.6%) were they don’t knew. Attitude towards safe abortion about, One hundred Eight two (29.9%) women of reproductive age group have positive attitude towards safe abortion to be legal and accessible under any circumstance. The majority of 322 (78.1%), of them knew at least one type of abortion complication. From the total respondents 405 (98.3%) of them had sexual intercourse at least once. Only 66 (16.3%) of respondents had induced abortion before. Conclusion and Recommendation: More than 30.5%, 29.9% of the respondents were inadequate knowledge and lacking knowledge and had negative attitude towards induced abortion respectively. Therefore, it would be better to disseminate health education to increase awareness and knowledge, Practice regarding induced abortion and also strengthening family planning implementation.
Moscas ectoparasitas (Diptera, Streblidae e Nycteribiidae) em morcegos (Mammalia, Chiroptera) em área de Floresta com Araucária no Estado do Paraná, sul do Brasil

The information available on streblid and nycteribiid bat flies and their hosts are scant in the Araucaria Forest (AF) and there are no data on richness, distribution patterns or abundance of these ectoparasites in bat communities. Therefore, we conducted a study on bats and their ectoparasites in AF remnants (approximately 470 ha) located in the municipality of Fazenda Rio Grande, Parana State, between December 2001 and May 2003. Twelve individuals of three species of Nycteribiidae and 119 individuals of six species of Streblidae were collected on 127 bats (four species of Phyllostomidae and seven of Vespertilionidae). Five of the six species of streblid were found exclusively on Sturnira lilium (E. Geoffroy, 1810) and Artibeus lituratus (Olfers, 1818). We collected Megistopoda proxima (Seguy, 1926) on 62 S. lilium examined with prevalence of 65.4% and mean intensity of 2.00; Aspidoptera falcata Wenzel, 1976, respectively, with 13.5% and 2.29; Trichobius phyllostomae Kessel, 1925 with 7.7% and 1.00; and Metelasmus wenzeli Graciolli & Dick, 2004 with 1.6% and 4.00. We did not find significant differences in prevalence (p = 0.544) and mean intensity (p = 0.361) between the sexes of S. lilium . On 26 A . lituratus captured we found only Paratrichobius longicrus (Miranda-Ribeiro, 1907) with prevalence of 32% and mean intensity of 1.50.
Oral Supplements of Combined Bacillus licheniformis Zhengchangsheng® and Xylooligosaccharides Improve High-Fat Diet-Induced Obesity and Modulate the Gut Microbiota in Rats

Gut dysbiosis induced by high-fat diet (HFD) may result in low-grade inflammation leading to diverse inflammatory diseases. The beneficial effects of probiotics and prebiotics on obesity have been reported previously. However, their benefits in promoting human health and the underlying mechanisms still need to be further characterized. This study is aimed at understanding how probiotic Bacillus licheniformis Zhengchangsheng® (BL) and prebiotic xylooligosaccharides (XOS) influence the health of a rat model with HF (60 kcal %) diet-induced obesity. Five groups of male Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were fed a normal fat diet (CON) or an HFD with or without BL and XOS supplementation for 3 weeks. Lipid profiles, inflammatory biomarkers, and microbiota composition were analyzed at the end of the experiment. Rats fed an HFD exhibited increased body weight and disordered lipid metabolism. In contrast, combined BL and XOS supplementation inhibited body weight gain and returned lipid metabolism to normal. Furthermore, BL and XOS administration changed the gut microbiota composition and modulated specific bacteria such as Prevotellaceae, Desulfovibrionaceae, and Ruminococcaceae. In addition, supplements of combined BL and XOS obviously reduced the serum LPS level, which was significantly related to microbial variations. Our findings suggest that modulation of the gut microbiota as a result of probiotic BL and prebiotic XOS supplementation has a positive effect on HFD-induced obesity in rats.
Symbiotic dinitrogen fixation in forage legumes amended with high rates of de-inking paper sludge

The paper de-inking process produces a waste by-product, de-inking paper sludge (DPS), which contains paper fibers, clay particles, and inks and has high C and Ca and low N and P concentrations. Use of high rates of DPS to increase the soil organic matter thus requires provision of high rates of N for adequate plant growth. Using dinitrogen (N 2 )-fixing forage legumes is an alternative to the N fertilization under such circumstances. In a 2-yr field study (1995 and 1996), the effect of different rates of DPS (0, 50, or 100 Mg dry matter ha -1 ), applied once in October 1994, were evaluated on symbiotic N 2 fixation of forage legumes established on two soil types in Eastern Quebec, Canada. Symbiotic N 2 fixation was measured in alfalfa (Medicago saliva L.), birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus L.), red clover (Trifolium pratense L.), and sweetclover (Melilotus officinalis L.); bromegrass (Bromus inermis L.) was used as the reference (non N 2 -fixing) crop. Dinitrogen fixation was estimated by the 15 N natural abundance method. The percentages of N derived from the atmosphere increased significantly with DPS in the year of establishment (1995). In the first production year (1996), the effects of DPS on N 2 fixation were mainly observed at the first cut. Our results show that DPS used as an organic amendment generally led to similar or greater forage legume productivity and greater N 2 fixation compared with unamended controls in the first production year and is compatible with sustainable agricultural practices.
Noninvasive Prediction of TERT Promoter Mutations in High-Grade Glioma by Radiomics Analysis Based on Multiparameter MRI

Objectives To investigate the predictors of telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) promoter mutations in adults suffered from high-grade glioma (HGG) through radiomics analysis, develop a noninvasive approach to evaluate TERT promoter mutations. Methods 126 adult patients with HGG (88 in the training cohort and 38 in the validation cohort) were retrospectively enrolled. Totally 5064 radiomics features were, respectively, extracted from three VOIs (necrosis, enhanced, and edema) in MRI. Firstly, an optimal radiomics signature (Radscore) was established based on LASSO regression. Secondly, univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to investigate important potential variables as predictors of TERT promoter mutations. Besides, multiparameter models were established and evaluated. Eventually, an optimal model was visualized as radiomics nomogram for clinical evaluations. Results 6 radiomics features were selected to build Radscore signature through LASSO regression. Among them, 5 were from necrotic VOIs and 1 was from enhanced ones. With univariate and multivariate analysis, necrotic volume percentages of core (CNV), Age, Cho/Cr, Lac, and Radscore were significantly higher in TERTm than in TERTw (p < 0.05). 4 models were built in our study. Compared with Model B (Age, Cho/Cr, Lac, and Radscore), Model A (Age, Cho/Cr, Lac, Radscore, and CNV) has a larger AUC in both training (0.955 vs. 0.917, p = 0.049) and validation (0.889 vs. 0.868, p = 0.039) cohorts. It also has higher performances in net reclassification improvement (NRI), integrated discrimination improvement (IDI), and decision curve analysis (DCA) evaluation. Conclusively, Model A was visualized as a radiomics nomogram. Calibration curve shows a good agreement between estimated and actual probabilities. Conclusions Age, Cho/Cr, Lac, CNV, and Radscore are important indicators for TERT promoter mutation predictions in HGG. Tumor necrosis seems to be closely related to TERT promoter mutations. Radiomics nomogram based on multiparameter MRI and CNV has higher prediction accuracies.
Purification, serology and physico-chemical properties of a peanut mottle virus isolate from India.

A procedure developed for the purification of peanut mottle virus (PMV) isolated from peanuts in India yielded 30–40 mg of virus/kg of plant tissue. Purified virus sedimented as a single component of 151 S. The virus coat protein migrated as a single component in each of two polyacrylamide gel concentrations and had an estimated molecular weight of 34 000 daltons. The molecular weight of the nucleic acid was 3.10 × 106 daltons. In the precipitin ring interface test (PRIT) PMV showed a serological relationship with soybean mosaic virus (SMV). Using the double antibody sandwich form of ELISA, PMV was shown to be distantly related to adzuki bean mosaic (ABMV), amaranthus leaf mottle (ALMV), clover yellow vein (CYVV) viruses and SMV. Immunosorbent electron microscopy (ISEM) showed PMV to be closely related to ABMV, ALMV, CYVV and SMV. In PRIT, ELISA and ISEM tests no specific serological reaction was noted between PMV and antisera to groundnut eye spot, peanut green mosaic, pepper veinal mottle, potato virus Y, sugarcane mosaic and turnip mosaic viruses.
Occupational Exposure to Blood and Body Fluids among Health Care Workers in Gondar Town, Northwest Ethiopia: A Result from Cross-Sectional Study

Background Health care workers are at the greatest risk of developing blood-borne diseases through occupational exposure to blood and other contaminated body fluids. Occupational exposure to blood and body fluids (BBFs) continues to be the major public health problems and serious concern for the health care force in Ethiopia. Therefore, this study was aimed to determine the prevalence of exposure to blood and other body fluids and its associated risk factors among health care workers. Methods The institution-based cross-sectional study design was employed from January 20 to February 30, 2018. A stratified random sampling followed by a simple random sampling technique was used to select 286 study participants. Data were collected using a pretested and structured questionnaire. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to identify factors associated with occupational exposure to BBFs. The significance level was obtained at a 95% confidence interval (CI) and p value ≤ 0.05. Results The prevalence of occupational exposure to blood and body fluids among health care workers in the last 12 months was 65.3% (95% CI: 59.4, 70.9). Lack of readily available personal protective equipment (adjusted odds ratio (AOR)) = 3.01, 95% CI: 1.56, 5.84), lack of training (AOR = 3.36, 95% CI: 1.1, 11.2), Khat chewing (AOR = 2.74, 95% CI: 1.3, 5.8), and being a medical doctor (AOR = 5.1, 95% CI: 1.68, 15.21) were significantly associated risk factors with occupational exposure to blood and other body fluids. Conclusions In this study, occupational exposure to blood and other body fluids among health care workers remains a major health problem. Hence, ensuring the availability of personal protective equipment, developing strategies on banning, and strict monitoring of Khat chewing and training on infection prevention should be emphasized to minimize the problem.