Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Monoclonal antibodies reveal cell-type-specific antigens in the sexually dimorphic olfactory system of Manduca sexta. I. Generation of monoclonal antibodies and partial characterization of the antigens

The olfactory system of the moth Manduca sexta is sexually dimorphic. Male moths possess a male-specific olfactory “subsystem,” comprising olfactory receptor cells (ORCs) and CNS neurons and synaptic areas associated with the detection of female sex pheromones, in addition to elements common to males and females. In order to explore the molecular differences between cells that subserve the sexual dimorphism and odor- specificity of components of the olfactory system, we generated monoclonal antibodies (Mabs) against tissue of the olfactory system of the moth. In 2 fusions, we screened 1105 hybridoma lines and obtained 272 lines that secreted antibodies against Manduca nervous tissue, as assayed immunocytochemically on sections of the primary olfactory center (the antennal lobe) in the brain of Manduca. We describe here 3 classes of Mabs exemplifying the several cell-type-specific antibodies obtained through the screening procedure. Seven hybridoma lines secrete antibodies that specifically recognize cell bodies, axons, and initial segments of dendrites of many or all ORCs of both males and females (classified as olfactory-specific antibodies, OSAs). Electron- microscopic studies of 2 of the Mabs in this class showed that they recognize antigens associated with the cell membrane and that the immunoreactive ORC axons are bundled together in fascicles in the antennal nerve. On immunoblots, one of the OSA Mabs recognizes 3 distinct protein bands of apparent Mrs 42,000, 59,000, and 66,000 Da. When tissue samples enriched in either receptor cell bodies, dendrites, and initial segments of axons or in distal segments of axons and their terminals and synapses were extracted separately, different patterns of bands were detected--42,000 and 59,000 Da bands from cell bodies and initial segments of axons and dendrites, and 42,000 and 66,000 Da bands from distal segments of axons and their terminals--suggesting that the 59,000 Da protein is modified to the 66,000 Da protein during axonal transport. The second Mab we describe here, the male olfactory-specific antibody (MOSA), selectively recognizes the sexually dimorphic ORCs that are present only in males. The antigen recognized by this antibody is found in cell bodies, dendrites, axons, and axon terminals. By electron-microscopic immunocytochemistry, the MOSA immunoreactivity is found in the cytoplasm and appears not to be associated with particular subcellular organelles. This antibody demonstrates that male-specific ORCs are molecularly distinct from other types of ORCs.
Synthesis and Antitumor Activity of Some Novel Quinazoline Derivatives Bearing the Biologically Active Thione Moiety

Summary The reactivity of isothiocyanate 1 towards some nitrogen nucleophils was investigated. Thus, interaction of 1 with pflouroaniline, benzylamine, 2-aminopyridine, and 4-aminoantipyrine yielded the corresponding quinazoline derivatives 3–7, respectively. Triazolo-quinazoline 10 was obtained in good yield via reaction of isothiocyanate 1 with thiosemicarbazide. When the isothiocyanate 1 was reacted with 1,2-phenylenediamine and/or 2,3-diaminopyrimidine the quinazoline derivatives 12, 13 were obtained. The biscompounds 16, 17 and 18 were isolated on hot reaction of 1 with 1,3-phenylenediamine or 2,6-diamino-4-hydroxy pyrimidine and/or 1,4 phenylenediamine (2:1 mol), while the quinazoline derivative 19 was obtained from the filtrate of the reaction mixture of 18. Assay for antitumor activity showed that compound 7 has a significant activity against Ehrlich ascites carcinoma tumor cells (in vitro); the percent for the non-viable cells was about 100 %, 100 % and 95 % (significant) at a concentration of 100, 50 and 25 µg/ml, respectively.
Epigenetic Mutation of RAV 6 Affects Leaf Angle and Seed Size in Rice 18 19 Authors 20

71 Heritable epigenetic variants of genes, termed epialleles, can broaden genetic and phenotypic 72 diversity in eukaryotes. Epialleles may also provide a new source of beneficial traits for crop 73 breeding, but very few epialleles related to agricultural traits have been identified in crops. 74 Here, we identified Epi-rav6, a gain-of-function epiallele of rice RELATED TO ABI3 AND 75 VP1 6 (RAV6), which encodes a B3 DNA binding domain-containing protein. The Epi-rav6 76 plants show larger lamina inclination and smaller grain size; these agronomicially important 77 phenotypes are inherited in a semi-dominant manner. We did not find nucleotide sequence 78 variation of RAV6. Instead, we found hypomethylation in the promoter region of RAV6, which 79 caused ectopic expression of RAV6 in Epi-rav6 plants. Bisulfite analysis revealed that 80 cytosine methylation of 4 CG and 2 CNG loci within a continuous 96-bp region plays 81 essential roles in regulating RAV6 expression; this region contains a conserved MITE 82 transposon insertion in cultivated rice genomes. Overexpression of RAV6 in wild type 83 phenocopied the Epi-rav6 phenotype. The brassinosteroid (BR) receptor 84 BRASSINOSTEROID-INSENSITIVE1 (BRI1) and BR biosynthetic genes EBISU DWARF 85 (D2), DWARF11 (D11), and BR-DEFICIENT DWARF1 (BRD1) were ectopically expressed in 86 Epi-rav6 plants. Also, treatment with a BR biosynthesis inhibitor restored the leaf angle 87 defects of Epi-rav6 plants. This indicates that RAV6 affects rice leaf angle by modulating BR 88 homeostasis and demonstrates an essential regulatory role of epigenetic modification on a key 89 gene controlling important agricultural traits. Thus, our work identifies a novel rice epiallele, 90 which may represent a common phenomenon in complex crop genomes. 91
Theoretical Analyses of Lightpath Blocking Performance in CO-OFDM Optical Networks with/without Spectrum Conversion

This paper provides the first analysis of the impact of spectrum conversion on the lightpath blocking performance in the CO-OFDM optical networks. Two analytical models for the cases of using and not using spectrum convertors are developed for an H-hop end-to-end lightpath and a network, respectively. Numerical results show that the use of spectrum convertors can significantly improve the lightpath blocking performance.
Quantum property testing

A language <i>L</i> has a property tester if there exists a probabilistic algorithm that given an input <i>x</i> only asks a small number of bits of <i>x</i> and distinguishes the cases as to whether <i>x</i> is in <i>L</i> and <i>x</i> has large Hamming distance from all <i>y</i> in <i>L</i>. We define a similar notion of quantum property testing and show that there exist languages with quantum property testers but no good classical testers. We also show there exist languages which require a large number of queries even for quantumly testing.
Chapter 1 Palmprint Recognition using Geometrical and Statistical Constraints

This paper proposes an efficient biometrics system based on palmprint. Palmprint ROI is transformed using proposed local edge pattern (LEP). Corner like features are extracted from the enhanced palmprint images as they are stable and highly discriminative. It has also proposed a distance measure that uses some geometrical and statistical constraints to track corner feature points between two palmprint ROI’s. The performance of the proposed system is tested on publicly available PolyU database consisting of 7752 and CASIA database consisting of 5239 hand images. The feature extraction as well as matching capabilities of the proposed system are optimized and it is found to perform with CRR of 99.97% with ERR of 0.66% for PolyU and CRR of 100% with ERR of 0.24% on CASIA databases respectively.
Runtime Verification of Web Services for Interconnected Medical Devices

This paper presents a framework to ensure the correctness of service-oriented architectures based on runtime verification techniques. Traditionally, the reliability of safety critical systems is ensured by testing the complete system including all subsystems. When those systems are designed as service-oriented architectures, and independently developed subsystems are composed to new systems at runtime, this approach is no longer viable. Instead, the presented framework uses runtime monitors synthesised from high-level specifications to ensure safety constraints. The framework has been designed for the interconnection of medical devices in the operating room. As a case study, the framework is applied to the interconnection of an ultrasound dissector and a microscope. Benchmarks show that the monitoring overhead is negligible in this setting.
Multicast-Supported Fast Handover for Proxy Mobile IPv6

Proxy Mobile IPv6 is a network-based mobility management protocol which is attractive as it does not require the participation of mobile nodes in mobility-related signaling. Unlike the host based approaches like Mobile IPv6, in PMIPv6 the Mobility Access Gateway (MAG) is responsible for tracking the movements of Mobile Node (MN) and to initiate the handover process. In this study, a novel method of multicasting the data packets to both the previous and the new MAGs by Local Mobility Anchor (LMA) during the handover process is proposed. The experimental results show that the handover delay is greatly reduced when compared to the existing approaches and the packet loss during the handover process is reduced.
Interacting with Stroke-Based Rendering on a Wall Display

We introduce two new interaction techniques for creating and interacting with non-photorealistic images using stroke-based rendering. We provide bimanual control of a large interactive canvas through both remote pointing and direct touch. Remote pointing allows people to sit and interact at a distance with an overview of the entire display, while direct-touch interaction provides more precise control. We performed a user study to compare these two techniques in both a controlled setting with constrained tasks and an exploratory setting where participants created their own painting. We found that, although the direct-touch interaction outperformed remote pointing, participants had mixed preferences and did not consistently choose one or the other to create their own painting. Some participants also chose to switch between techniques to achieve different levels of precision and control for different tasks.
PALPAS -- PAssword Less PAssword Synchronization

Tools that synchronize passwords over several user devices typically store the encrypted passwords in a central online database. For encryption, a low-entropy, password-based key is used. Such a database may be subject to unauthorized access which can lead to the disclosure of all passwords by an offline brute-force attack. In this paper, we present PALPAS, a secure and user-friendly tool that synchronizes passwords between user devices without storing information about them centrally. The idea of PALPAS is to generate a password from a high entropy secret shared by all devices and a random salt value for each service. Only the salt values are stored on a server but not the secret. The salt enables the user devices to generate the same password but is statistically independent of the password. In order for PALPAS to generate passwords according to different password policies, we also present a mechanism that automatically retrieves and processes the password requirements of services. PALPAS users need to only memorize a single password and the setup of PALPAS on a further device demands only a one-time transfer of few static data.
Underlying Construct Analysis ( UCA ) : Where Individual Systems End and Human Systems Begin

The association of antecedents to performance outcomes, including individual behaviors, interfaces and the environments in which engagements are performed and sustained as a behavioral system is certainly implied, but has not been a primary focus of traditional data mining techniques. The current paper introduces the concept of Underlying Construct Analysis (UCA) using techniques associated with confirmatory factor analysis, and demonstrates their utility for theory development. We provide step-by-step instructions for data mining beyond observable variables, to include larger units of behavior frameworks and demonstrate using a case example, unique variance associated with two distinct populations in a large data set (Survey of Parents and Children, 1990), populations that were not defined prior to the UCA. We lastly emphasize the potential global application of our proposed procedures for individuals with only moderate levels of understanding of statistics, and across multiple domains of exploration.
Atomistic Simulation of Realistically Sized Nanodevices Using NEMO 3-D—Part I: Models and Benchmarks

Device physics and material science meet at the atomic scale of novel nanostructured semiconductors, and the distinction between new device or new material is blurred. Not only the quantum-mechanical effects in the electronic states of the device but also the granular atomistic representation of the underlying material are important. Approaches based on a continuum representation of the underlying material typically used by device engineers and physicists become invalid. Ab initio methods used by material scientists typically do not represent the band gaps and masses precisely enough for device design, or they do not scale to realistically large device sizes. The plethora of geometry, material, and doping configurations in semiconductor devices at the nanoscale suggests that a general nanoelectronic modeling tool is needed. The 3-D NanoElectronic MOdeling (NEMO 3-D) tool has been developed to address these needs. Based on the atomistic valence force field and a variety of nearest neighbor tight-binding models (e.g., s, sp3s*, and sp3d5s*), NEMO 3-D enables the computation of strain and electronic structure for more than 64 and 52 million atoms, corresponding to volumes of (110 nm)3 and (101 nm)3, respectively. The physical problem may involve very large scale computations, and NEMO 3-D has been designed and optimized to be scalable from single central processing units to large numbers of processors on commodity clusters and supercomputers. NEMO 3-D has been released with an open-source license in 2003 and is continually developed by the Network for Computational Nanotechnology (NCN). A web-based online interactive version for educational purposes is freely available on the NCN portal ( http://www.nanoHUB.org). In this paper, theoretical models and essential algorithmic and computational components that have been used in the development and successful deployment of NEMO 3-D are discussed.
Line drawing interpretation in a multi-view context

Many design tasks involve the creation of new objects in the context of an existing scene. Existing work in computer vision only provides partial support for such tasks. On the one hand, multi-view stereo algorithms allow the reconstruction of real-world scenes, while on the other hand algorithms for line-drawing interpretation do not take context into account. Our work combines the strength of these two domains to interpret line drawings of imaginary objects drawn over photographs of an existing scene. The main challenge we face is to identify the existing 3D structure that correlates with the line drawing while also allowing the creation of new structure that is not present in the real world. We propose a labeling algorithm to tackle this problem, where some of the labels capture dominant orientations of the real scene while a free label allows the discovery of new orientations in the imaginary scene. We illustrate our algorithm by interpreting line drawings for urban planing, home remodeling, furniture design and cultural heritage.
Two-touch type parking slot marking recognition for target parking position designation

This paper proposes a target parking position designation method based on parking slot marking recognition for automatic parking system. To reduce the search range and memory requirement, the driver designates two seed-points which are the end-point of two line-segments separating the target parking slot from adjacent parking slots. As the method does not require marking line separating parking area from roadway, it can be applied to various parking slot marking types. The method was tested with two parking slot marking types, i.e. rectangular type and 11-shape type.
Oldenburg logatome speech corpus (OLLO) for speech recognition experiments with humans and machines

This paper introduces the new OLdenburg LOgatome speech corpus (OLLO) and outlines design considerations during its creation. OLLO is distinct from previous ASR corpora as it specifically targets (1) the fair comparison between human and machine speech recognition performance, and (2) the realistic representation of intrinsic variabilities in speech that are significant for automatic speech recognition (ASR) systems. To enable an unbiased human-machine comparison, OLLO is designed for recognition of individual phonemes that are embedded in logatomes, specifically, three-phoneme sequences with no semantic information. A balanced set of target-phonemes important for human and automatic speech recognition has been chosen, drawing on pilot ASR studies and cross-fertilization from the field of human speech intelligibility testing. Several intrinsic variabilities in speech are represented in OLLO, by recording from 40 speakers from four German dialect regions, and by covering six articulation characteristics. Results from preliminary phonetic time-labeling and ASR experiments are promising and consistent with corpus variabilities.
TOWARDS A DESIGN PHILOSOPHY FOR EVERYDAY COMPUTATIONAL THINGS

Everyday things are the things we live with. They are the building blocks of our lifeworlds. Many everyday things are not specifically for work or leisure, as they transcend the borders of many activities. Consider, for instance, the use of telephones: we use them at work to coordinate and communicate, but we also use them to talk to friends and familiy. In the case of mobile phones, this is even more evident as we carry the very same device with us, independent of whether we are working, spending time with friends, travelling, etc. As the mobile phone has entered our everyday life, it has also become a personal object that we use to express who we are, our lifestyle, etc. (cf. [50, 79, 82]).
Dreams: a framework for distributed synchronous coordination

Synchronous coordination systems, such as Reo, exchange data via indivisible actions, while distributed systems are typically asynchronous and assume that messages can be delayed or get lost. To combine these seemingly contradictory notions, we introduce the Dreams framework. Coordination patterns in Dreams are described using a synchronous model based on the Reo language, whereas global system behaviour is given by the runtime composition of autonomous actors communicating asynchronously. Dreams also exploits the use of actors in the composition of synchronous coordination patterns to allow communication whenever possible, increasing the scalability of the implementation.
Eye Gaze Contingent Ultrasound Interfaces for the da Vinci R © Surgical System

Current practice of intra-operative ultrasound requires an assistant due to the fact that surgeon’s hands are occupied with surgical tools. This process can be tedious and prone to error. This work presents three novel designs in one common framework to provide surgeons with further autonomy in using ultrasound. Leveraging the da Vinci Research Kit, the interfaces incorporate eye gaze and voice recognition into the da Vinci R © Surgical System for ultrasound machine control.
Shader Lamps: Animating Real Objects With Image-Based Illumination

We describe a new paradigm for three-dimensional computer graphics, using projectors to graphically animate physical objects in the real world. The idea is to replace a physical object— with its inherent color, texture, and material properties—with a neutral object and projected imagery, reproducing the original (or alternative) appearance directly on the object. Because the approach is to effectively "lift" the visual properties of the object into the projector, we call the projectors shader lamps. We address the central issue of complete and continuous illumination of non-trivial physical objects using multiple projectors and present a set of new techniques that makes the process of illumination practical. We demonstrate the viability of these techniques through a variety of table-top applications, and describe preliminary results to reproduce life-sized virtual spaces.
Direct Regulation of BK Channels by Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-Bisphosphate as a Novel Signaling Pathway

Large conductance, calcium- and voltage-gated potassium (BK) channels are ubiquitous and critical for neuronal function, immunity, and smooth muscle contractility. BK channels are thought to be regulated by phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) only through phospholipase C (PLC)–generated PIP2 metabolites that target Ca2+ stores and protein kinase C and, eventually, the BK channel. Here, we report that PIP2 activates BK channels independently of PIP2 metabolites. PIP2 enhances Ca2+-driven gating and alters both open and closed channel distributions without affecting voltage gating and unitary conductance. Recovery from activation was strongly dependent on PIP2 acyl chain length, with channels exposed to water-soluble diC4 and diC8 showing much faster recovery than those exposed to PIP2 (diC16). The PIP2–channel interaction requires negative charge and the inositol moiety in the phospholipid headgroup, and the sequence RKK in the S6–S7 cytosolic linker of the BK channel-forming (cbv1) subunit. PIP2-induced activation is drastically potentiated by accessory β1 (but not β4) channel subunits. Moreover, PIP2 robustly activates BK channels in vascular myocytes, where β1 subunits are abundantly expressed, but not in skeletal myocytes, where these subunits are barely detectable. These data demonstrate that the final PIP2 effect is determined by channel accessory subunits, and such mechanism is subunit specific. In HEK293 cells, cotransfection of cbv1+β1 and PI4-kinaseIIα robustly activates BK channels, suggesting a role for endogenous PIP2 in modulating channel activity. Indeed, in membrane patches excised from vascular myocytes, BK channel activity runs down and Mg-ATP recovers it, this recovery being abolished by PIP2 antibodies applied to the cytosolic membrane surface. Moreover, in intact arterial myocytes under physiological conditions, PLC inhibition on top of blockade of downstream signaling leads to drastic BK channel activation. Finally, pharmacological treatment that raises PIP2 levels and activates BK channels dilates de-endothelized arteries that regulate cerebral blood flow. These data indicate that endogenous PIP2 directly activates vascular myocyte BK channels to control vascular tone.