Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Domain Patterns in (111) Oriented Tetragonal Ferroelectric Films

The possible domain patterns are developed for (111) oriented epitaxial tetragonal ferroelectric (FT) films. The domain patterns in the film form as the result of phase transition from the paraelectric to ferroelectric state to minimize the elastic energy of the system at the expense of creating of domain boundaries and developing non-uniform elastic fields near the film/substrate interface. Six possible domain variants may form, half of which are related by the inversion of the polarization vector. The possible domain walls arising between pairs of variants can be derived from the conditions of the mechanical and charge compatibility. These walls are {101} boundaries (pseudocubic indexing) and can either be inclined or normal to film/substrate interface. The domain patterns with inclined boundaries have a flat free film surface and possess non-zero net polarization in the direction normal to the film surface, i.e., they correspond to the poled film state. The domain patterns with normal boundaries lead to ‘puckering’ of the film surface, simultaneously they are related to the unpoled state of ferroelectric films. The coherency defect technique is developed for domain pattern energetics for (111) oriented FT films. The coherency defects include (i) a cross-grid of edge dislocations with unbalanced densities (which lead to in-plane biaxial strain field), (ii) Somigliana screw dislocations (which produce alternating sense of shear in neighboring domains), and (iii) wedge disclinations (which are related to out-of-plane rotations in neighboring domains). Analytical calculations of the pattern energy are performed for single embedded domain and multidomain patterns. These calculations are based on the use of screened configurations for representative coherency elements: disclination and Somigliana screw dislocation dipoles and quadrupoles. It is predicted that there is no critical thickness for domain pattern formation in (111) oriented epitaxial tetragonal ferroelectric films. Tiling of different domain patterns in complex mesoscopic structures is also discussed and supported by experimental observations.
Elliptic Wieferich Primes

Fermat’s little theorem states that ap−1 ≡ 1(mod p), if p is a prime number and a is an integer coprime with p. The primes for which ap−1 ≡ 1(mod p) are sometimes called base-a Wieferich primes, or simply Wieferich primes if a = 2. This stems from a theorem of Wieferich that asserts that the first case of Fermat’s last theorem holds if p is not a Wieferich prime (similar results were obtained for a few other bases). This is of historical interest only now, but Wieferich primes appear in other contexts, most notably they are the primes for which ”the derivative of a vanishes”, when one pursues a number fieldfunction field analogy, such as in ([Bu],[I],[Sm]). Numerical evidence indicates there are very few Wieferich primes for a given base, for instance p = 1093, 3511 are the only (base2) Wieferich primes less than 10([CDP]). A naive heuristic argument suggests that there should be about log log x Wieferich primes up to x, whereas the analogy with function fields would suggest there are only finitely many Wieferich primes. These two possibilities (and an unlikely third) are contrasted in [I]. However there are very few unconditional results on Wieferich primes. For instance it is not known for any base a if there are infinitely many non-Wieferich primes to base a, although Silverman showed that this follows from the abc-conjecture and Johnson [J] showed that Mersenne primes are not (base-2) Wieferich primes. About the only unconditional result is due to Granville [G] and asserts that if a is prime (this condition may be removed, as we shall see) and ap−1 ≡ 1(mod p) for all sufficienly large primes p, then ap−1 ≡ 1(mod p) for infinitely many primes. Replacing the multiplicative group by the group of an elliptic curve one obtains an analogous notion of elliptic Wieferich primes, introduced by Silverman [S], where it shown that the abcconjecture implies the existence of infinitely many non-elliptic Wieferich primes for some special elliptic curves. The purpose of this note is to investigate further the elliptic Wieferich primes, we prove an analogue of Granville’s result in the number field case and prove some results in
Crack propagation in concrete under compression

Mixed‐mode crack initiation and propagation starting from the aggregate‐matrix interface in concrete under uniaxial compression was investigated using fracture mechanics approach, finite element modeling, and holographic in‐terferometry techniques. Experiments were conducted with specimens containing stone‐matrix interface oriented at four different angles. During loading, interface debonding, initiation of matrix cracking (kink cracks), and propagation of matrix cracks were observed using laser holographic interferometry. The crack initiation and propagation were simulated by using both the analytical approach and finite element method with quarter‐tip singular elements. With an increasing kink length, the finite element solution differed from the infinite plate analytical solution. To obtain an essentially constant value of the apparent critical stress‐intensity factor for different orientation angles of the interfacial crack and for different kink extensions, a cohesive crack model was used. The magnit.
Topics on Hadron Collider Physics

In this dissertation we present four techniques that could be used at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) to improve the e ciency with which collected data is utilized, and to help detect signals of physics beyond the Standard Model. We present an extension of the Qjets algorithm which allows us to exploit the di↵erent possibilities for reconstructing an event at the LHC to produce multiple interpretations for each event. For example, using this approach on a Higgs plus Z boson sample, with h ! bb we find a 28% improvement in significance can be realized at the 8 TeV LHC. We also propose a measurement of the bottom quark forward-central asymmetry at the LHC in order to gain further insight into the Tevatron tt̄ anomaly. Using a toy axigluon model we find that if the relevant new-physics couplings to the bottom quark are similar to those of the top, then the e↵ects should be visible at the 2 level in less than 10 fb 1 of 7 TeV LHC data. Finally we develop two techniques to measure fundamental quantum numbers of new particles at the LHC, with the goal of distinguishing between di↵erent theories beyond the Standard Model. In the first case we consider long lived colored particles and in the second case we consider bound states of new colored particles which annihilate into Standard Model particles.
Navier-Stokes equations in three-dimensional thin domains with various boundary conditions

Abstract. In this work we develop new methods for studying the Navier-Stokes equations in thin domains. We consider various boundary conditions and establish the global existence of strong solutions when the initial data belong to “large sets”. Our work was inspired by the recent interesting results of G. Raugel and G. Sell [RS 1,2,3] which, in the periodic case, give global existence for smooth solutions of the 3D Navier-Stokes equations in thin domains for large sets of initial conditions. We extend their results in several ways: we consider numerous boundary conditions and as it will appear hereafter, the passage from one boundary condition to another one is not necessarily straightforward; also the set of initial data for which we obtain the global existence in time is larger in our case and its characterization is simpler. The proof of our improved results is based on precise estimates of the dependence of some classical constants on the thickness ǫ of the domain; e.g. Sobolev type constants and the regularity constant for the corresponding Stokes problem. As an application, we study the behavior of the average of the strong solution in the thin direction when the thickness of the domain goes to zero; we prove its convergence to the strong solution of a 2D Navier-Stokes system of equations.
Homogeneous Nucleation and Growth of Ethanol Drops in Supersonic Flow

Condensation of ethanol by homogeneous nucleation of liquid droplets has been studied in a supersonic nozzle. Continuous static pressure measurements on the nozzle centerline and light scattering measurements permit the condensation process to be resolved in detail for comparison with theory. Nucleation rates found in the present work are in general agreement with previous results obtained in diffusion and expansion cloud chambers. It is seen that the predictions of the classical theory of homogeneous nucleation or that of the statistical mechanical theory with the assumptions of Dunning roughly agree with the experimental results. Various terms entering different versions of nucleation theory are given quantitatively. The pressure variations in the flow found beyond the onset point of condensation are used to study droplet growth processes. It is shown that a simple kinetic growth law with a constant mass condensation coefficient describes the condensation process well.
Detection of red line asymmetries in LHS 2034

We report very pronounced line asymmetries during a long duration flare on the dM6 star LHS 2034 (AZ Cnc). While all lines of the Balmer series and all strong He  lines show these asymmetries, the metal lines do not. This can be explained with the help of PHOENIX model chromospheres considering the formation depth of the lines involved. Moreover, the asymmetries persist over about one hour changing shape and amplitude. Fitting the asymmetries with an additional broad Gaussian component leads us to the scenario of a series of downward propagating condensations that decelerate due to the higher density of the lower chromosphere. In addition, similar but weaker line asymmetries were found in LHS 2397a.
• THE NUMBER OF MINIMUM CO – ISOLATED LOCATING DOMINATING SETS OF CYCLES

L et G (V, E) be a simple, finite, undirected connected graph. A non – empty set S I V of a graph G is a dominating set, if every vertex in V – S is adjacent to atleast one vertex in S. A dominating set S I V is called a locating dominating set, if for any two vertices v, w I V – S, N(v) C S ¹ N(w) C S. A locating dominating set S I V is called a co – isolated locating dominating set, if there exists atleast one isolated vertex in . The co – isolated locating domination number g cild is the minimum cardinality of a co – isolated locating dominating set. The number of minimum co – isolated locating dominating sets in a graph G is denoted by g Dcild (G). In this paper, the number g Dcild is obtained for a Path P n , where n 3.
DIVERGÊNCIA GENÉTICA ENTRE CULTIVARES DE GIRASSOL NO PLANALTO NORTE CATARINENSE

O objetivo deste trabalho foi estimar a divergencia genetica entre 17 cultivares de girassol com base em caracteres morfologicos e fisiologicos. O experimento foi conduzido em area experimental localizada no municipio de Papanduva, SC, na safra 2008/2009. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi de blocos casualizados, com quatro repeticoes. A analise multivariada foi empregada para estimar a divergencia genetica entre os cultivares, utilizando-se os metodos do UPGMA e Tocher, com base na distância generalizada de Mahalanobis (D 2 ), alem de variaveis canonicas. Analises de variância univariada e multivariada revelaram diferencas entre os cultivares. Os cultivares foram agrupados em tres grupos. As caracteristicas altura de planta e dias para florescimento contribuiram com grande parte da divergencia observada.
Physical Conditions in H II Galaxies

The temperature of the ionizing radiation T(ion) and the mean nebular ionization parameters U-bar were measured for a sample of 45 H II galaxies with estimated oxygen abundances in the range log O/H = -4.9 to -3.6. A simple, Stromgren sphere model is shown to fit very well all but three of the objects. The sensitivity of emission-line strength to T(ion) and U-bar is illustrated for several familiar forbidden-line ratios. 38 references.
ON THE PREDUALS OF W *-ALGEBRAS

In the present paper ,we shall show some properties of weakly relatively compact subsets of predual of W*-algebra, which were also discussed in [1] , [10] and [12]. Let M be a W*-algebra (namely, C*-algebra with a dual structure as a Baruch space [7]), M* (resp. M*) be the dual (resp . predual) of M, and let Mh, Mp, and Mpi be the set of all Hermitian elements , projections, and partial isometries in M, respectively. The weak topology on M* is ƒÐ(M*, M)-topology in the sense of [3;p . 50]. For any linear functional ƒÓ in M, we define the functionals ƒÓa , aƒÓ,ƒÓ* and |ƒÓ|on M as follows: ƒÓa(b)=ƒÓ(ab), a ƒÓ(b)=ƒÓ(ba), ƒÓ*(b)=ƒÓ(b*) for all b
The dynamics of rich clusters of galaxies. I. The Coma cluster.

The structure and dynamics of the Coma cluster are analyzed using self-consistent equilibrium dynamical models. Observational material for Coma is culled from a variety of sources. Projected surface, density, and velocity-dispersion profiles are derived extending out to a radius of 3/sup 0/ from the cluster center, which are essentially free from field contamination. Segregation of galaxies by luminosity and morphology are discussed and a quantitative estimate of the latter is made. The method of constructing self-consistent dynamical models is discussed. Four different forms of the distribution function are analyzed allowing for different possible dependences of f on energy and angular momentum. Properties of typical models that might resemble actual clusters are presented, and the importance of having velocity-dispersion information is empha sized. The effect of a central massive object such as a cD galaxy on the core structure is illustrated. A comparison of these models with Coma reveals that only models with a distribution function in which the ratio of tangential to radial velocity dispersions is everywhere constant give acceptable fits. In particular, it is possible to rule out models that have isotropic motions in the core and predominantly radial motions in the halo. For H/sub 0/ = 50, the more » best-fitting models give a total projected mass inside 3/sup 0/ of 2.9 x 10/sup 15/ M/sub sun/ , a core radius of 340--400 kpc (8.5'--10'), an upper limit to any central massive object of approx.10/sup 13/ M/sub sun/ , and a mass-to-blue-light ratio of M/L = 181. From cosmological considerations the cluster ''edge'' is determined to lie at rapprox.5/sup 0/--6/sup 0/. The possible distribution of ''dark matter'' in Coma is discussed and it is argued that this distribution cannot be significantly different from that of the galaxies. The dynamics of morphological segregation are examined quantitatively, and are explained at least qualitatively. « less
Extracting Synoptic-Scale Diagnostic Information from Mesoscale Models: The Eta Model, Gravity Waves, and Quasigeostrophic Diagnostics

Abstract Fine-mesh models, such as the eta model, are producing increasingly detailed predictions about mesoscale atmospheric motions. Mesoscale systems typically produce stronger vertical motions than do synoptic-scale storms, making it more difficult for forecasters to assess the strength of the latter's dynamics when the signals are overwhelmed by mesoscale processes. This paper describes a method for extracting synoptic-scale information from mesoscale model data. Predicted height fields from the 29-km eta model are investigated to determine the filtering and smoothing requirements necessary to resolve synoptic-scale patterns of vertical motions using quasigeostrophic (QG) diagnostics. The selected late-fall case includes a jet stream that enters the continent over the Pacific Northwest, resulting in orographically induced troughs in the lee of the Cascade Range and Rocky Mountains. Gravity waves are found to emanate from this region in arcs that reach Hudson Bay to the northeast and extend to the Car.
Nonlinear penetration of upper-hybrid waves induced by parametric instabilities of a plasma in an inhomogeneous magnetic field

It is observed that with a sufficiently large incident extraordinary wave amplitude, the electrostatic upper hybrid wave resulting from the mode conversion process at the resonant layer can scatter off the lower hybrid wave and penetrate through its original cutoff to a distance proportional to the product of the scale length and the square root of the mass ratio. A substantial number of energetic ions also appear in the resonant region which is well inside the plasma slab as a result of lower hybrid wave excitation.
On the origin of variable gamma-ray emission from the Crab nebula

The oblique geometry of the pulsar wind termination shock ensures that the Doppler beaming has a strong impact on the shock emission. We illustrate this using the recent relativistic magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) simulations of the Crab nebula and the analysis of oblique shocks. We also show that the observed size, shape and distance from the Crab pulsar of the Crab nebula inner knot are consistent with its interpretation as a Doppler-boosted emission from the termination shock. If the electrons responsible for the synchrotron gamma-rays are accelerated only at the termination shock, then their short lifetime ensures that these gamma-rays originate close to the shock and are also strongly affected by the Doppler beaming. As a result, the bulk of the observed synchrotron gamma-rays of the Crab nebula around 100 MeV may come from its inner knot. This hypothesis is consistent with the observed optical flux of the inner knot, provided its optical-gamma spectral index is the same as the injection spectral index found in the Kennel & Coroniti model of the nebula spectrum. The observed variability of synchrotron gamma-ray emission on the time-scale of the wisp production can be caused by the instability of the termination shock discovered in recent numerical simulations. Given the small size of the knot, it is also possible that the 2010 September gamma-ray flare of the Crab nebula also came from the knot, though the actual mechanism remains unclear. The model predicts correlation of the temporal variability of the synchrotron gamma-ray flux in the Fermi and Astro-revilatore Gamma a Immagini LEggero (AGILE) windows with the variability of the un-pulsed optical flux from within 1 arcsec of the Crab pulsar.
Structure coefficients for use in stellar analysis

We present new values of the structural coefficients ηj, and related quantities, for realistic models of distorted stars in close binary systems. Our procedure involves numerical integration of Radau’s equation for detailed structural data and we verified our technique by referring to the 8-digit results of Brooker & Olle (Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 115:101, 1955) for purely mathematical models. We provide tables of representative values of ηj, and related quantities, for j=2,3,…,7 for a selection of Zero Age Stellar Main Sequence (ZAMS) stellar models taken from the EZWeb compilation of the Dept. of Astronomy, University of Wisconsin-Madison. We include also some preliminary comparisons of our findings with the results of Claret and Gimenez (Astron. Astrophys. 519:A57 2010) for some observed stars.
Polar vibration spectra of interface optical phonons and electron-interface optical phonon interactions in a wurtzite GaN-AlN nanowire

Within the framework of the dielectric continuum model and Loudon's uniaxial crystal model, the interface optical (IO) phonon modes and their electron-phonon interaction Fr\"ohlich-type Hamiltonian in a wurtzite nanowire are derived and studied. Numerical calculations are performed for the dispersion of the IO phonons and their electron-phonon coupling functions in a chosen wurtzite GaN-AlN nanowire. Our results show that the dispersions of the two branches of the IO phonon modes are obvious only if the axial direction wave number ${k}_{z}$ or the azimuthal quantum number $m$ is small. Typical features in the dispersion curves are evidenced which are due to the anisotropy effects of wurtzite crystals. When ${k}_{z}$ or $m$ is small enough, the IO phonon modes will disappear in the wurtzite nanowire. Moreover, ${k}_{z}$ and $m$ have the analogical influence on the dispersion frequency of the IO phonons, especially for large ${k}_{z}$ or $m$. The frequencies of the two branches of the IO phonon modes with large ${k}_{z}$ or $m$ converge to the two definite limiting values, which are the same as in the wurtzite GaN-AlN single planar heterojunction. The mathematical and physical reasons have been analyzed in depth. Our calculations for the electron-phonon coupling functions indicate that the strength of the electron-phonon interactions with the high-frequency modes is one order of magnitude larger than that with the low-frequency modes. The long-wavelength IO phonons with small $m$ are more important for the electron-phonon interactions in a wurtzite GaN-AlN nanowire.
Dielectric relaxation in gigahertz region and phase transition of BaTiO3-based ceramics

Ba(Zr0.25Ti0.75)O3 (BZT) and (Ba0.6Sr0.4)TiO3 (BST) ceramics were prepared as typical samples of lead-free relaxors and ferroelectrics with the diffuse phase transition, respectively. A suitable measurement technique using microplanar electrode and electromagnetic field analysis was developed to measure the microwave dielectric properties for materials with high permittivity and high dielectric loss. Frequency dependence of complex permittivity of the two ceramics was measured up to 3GHz as a function of temperature. The dielectric dispersion of both ceramics was well explained by the stretched exponential model of the decay function in dielectric relaxation. In BST, a phase transition was observed at the permittivity peak temperature in the results of x-ray diffraction analysis, specific heat measurement, and the analysis of dielectric relaxation. The relaxation frequency of dipole fluctuation in BST was much higher than that of BZT. This high relaxation frequency enables us to use BST for dielectrics wi.
The estimation of the mean squared error of small-area estimators

Abstract Small-area estimation has received considerable attention in recent years because of a growing demand for reliable small-area statistics. The direct-survey estimators, based only on the data from a given small area (or small domain), are likely to yield unacceptably large standard errors because of small sample size in the domain. Therefore, alternative estimators that borrow strength from other related small areas have been proposed in the literature to improve the efficiency. These estimators use models, either implicitly or explicitly, that connect the small areas through supplementary (e.g., census and administrative) data. For example, simple synthetic estimators are based on implicit modeling. In this article, three small-area models, of Battese, Harter, and Fuller (1988), Dempster, Rubin, and Tsutakawa (1981), and Fay and Herriot (1979), are investigated. These models are all special cases of a general mixed linear model involving fixed and random effects, and a small-area mean can be expr.
Discrepancy in regression estimates between log-normal and gamma: some case studies

In regression models with multiplicative error, estimation is often based on either the log-normal or the gamma model. It is well known that the gamma model with constant coefficient of variation and the log-normal model with constant variance give almost the same analysis. This article focuses on the discrepancies of the regression estimates between the two models based on real examples. It identifies that even though the variance or the coefficient of variation remains constant, but regression estimates may be different between the two models. It also identifies that for the same positive data set, the variance is constant under the log-normal model but non-constant under the gamma model. For this data set, the regression estimates are completely different between the two models. In the process, it explains the causes of discrepancies between the two models.