Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The effect of thoracic manipulation on pulmonary function in swimmers

Objective: Spinal manipulation has been used to improve respiratory function in healthy individuals. However, it has been observed that there are no studies in the context of sports activities. The objective of this study was to analyse the effect of thoracic spinal manipulation on forced vital capacity, forced expiratory volume in one second and maximal voluntary ventilation in swimmers. Method: A randomized controlled crossover study consisting of 21 swimmers, divided into two groups (Intervention vs Control), aged 16 – 24y, where forced vital capacity, forced expiratory volume in one second and maximal voluntary ventilation were measured in five evaluation moments: at baseline and, 1 minute, 10 minutes, 20 minutes and 30 minutes following the thoracic spinal manipulation procedures. Results: ANOVA tests showed no statistically significant differences for forced vital capacity (p = 0.35) and forced expiratory volume in one second (p = 0.25) among the five evaluation moments. With the maximal voluntary ventilation there was a statistically significant (p = 0.02) reduction, observed between baseline (86.00 litres) and at 10 minutes (79.29 litres) and 30 minutes (76.24 litres). No significant differences were observed between the results of intervention and control groups. Conclusions: In the current study no significant differences were observed in pulmonary function after thoracic spinal manipulation. Future research efforts should examine the effects of different manual therapy techniques and treatment protocols.
The effects of UV-B radiation on photosynthesis in relation to Photosystem II photochemistry, thermal dissipation and antioxidant defenses in winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) seedlings at different growth temperatures.

To study the UV-B effect on photosynthesis in winter wheat at different day/night temperatures, biologically effective UV-B radiation at 4.2 (LUVB) and 10.3 (HUVB) kJ m-2 d-1 was provided on the seedlings at 25/20°C or 10/5°C. UV-B radiation inhibited net photosynthesis rate (Pn) by enhanced intensity and decreased temperature without change of intercellular CO2 concentrations (Ci). Decreased maximal quantum yield of Photosystem II (Fv/Fm) and increased minimum fluorescence (Fo) were observed in HUVB at both temperatures and LUVB at 10/5°C. HUVB increased total pool size (VAZ) of xanthophyll cycle pigments, but decreased the de-epoxidation state (DEPS) of these pigments at both temperatures, while LUVB only decreased DEPS at 10/5°C. The activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and glutathione reductase (GR) and the redox states of ascorbate and glutathione (AsA/DAsA and GSH/GSSG) were enhanced at 25/20°C, while there were increased SOD and CAT, unaltered APX activities and AsA/DHA, as well as decreased GR activity and GSH/GSSG in LUVB and HUVB at 10/5°C. UV-B radiation resulted in higher H2O2 and thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) concentrations at 10/5°C than 25/20°C. It appears that low temperature alone did not influence photosynthesis but aggravated UV-B induced photoinhibition, which was associated with PSII photochemistry rather than stomatal limitation. Xanthophyll cycle pigments failed to provide photoprotection through thermal dissipation. The antioxidant system was up-regulated in LUVB and HUVB at 25/20°C, but was impaired at 10/5°C. Low temperature intensified UV-B induced photoinhibition and damage by weakening the antioxidant system.
The abundance of breeding Knot Calidris canutus islandica

Six sites around Borup Fiord, west central Ellesmere Island, Canada, were surveyed for breeding Knot Calidris canutus islandica. Breeding density at the main study site was estimated using a calculation based on hatching success, brood counts and the probability of broods being resighted: estimates from other sites were based on this assessment. Density at the main study site was 4.6 pairs/km2, varying between 0.4 and 12.7 pairs/km2 in different areas. Density was negatively correlated with spring snow cover. At other sites density estimates ranged from nil to 5.7 pairs/km2. Brood counts and registrations of territorial activity accounted for only 33% and 67% of pairs, respectively. A literature review suggested that within the Knot's breeding range, densities appear to be highest in areas showing a warm regional climate, early snow-melt, and high vegetational diversity and density. The Knot's dependence on such areas may be related to its size and need for an early start to breeding. The total breeding p.
The Acadian forest: Historical condition and human impacts

The Acadian Forest Region comprises the three Maritime Provinces of Canada, each of which has a distinct history resulting in different patterns of land ownership, land use, and impacts on the forest. The region encompasses a high degree of physiographic and biological diversity, being situated where the warm, moist influence of the Gulf Stream from the south collides with the cold Labrador Current and the boreal forest gradually gives way to mostly deciduous forest. Natural forest types in the Acadian Forest Region include rich tolerant hardwood, similar to the deciduous forests to the south; spruce-fir forest, similar to boreal forest to the north; and an array of coniferous, deciduous, and mixed intermediate types. Red spruce (Picea rubens Sarg.), yellow birch (Betula alleghaniensis Britt.), sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marsh.) and balsam fir (Abies balsamea (L.) Mill. ) are considered characteristic of the Acadian Forest Region. Except for one quantitative study in one county of New Brunswick, and anoth.
Scope for genetic enhancement of the parasitisation potential of four native strains of Trichogrammatoidea sp. nr. lutea Girault (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) in Kenya

Abstract In response to emerging interest in commercial mass production of Trichogramma for Helicoverpa armigera biocontrol in eastern Africa, laboratory experiments were undertaken to assess the scope for genetic enhancement of the parasitisation potential of native strains of the local common trichogrammatid species, Trichogrammatoidea sp. nr. lutea. Four promising strains (ex-Kilifi – Kilifi District, ex-Kwa Chai – Kibwezi District, ex-Rarieda – Bondo District and ex-Ebuhayi, Kakamega District) were tested for cross-mating in reciprocal combinations with focus on fecundity and progeny female ratio. While all the crosses resulted in F1 progeny of both sexes, significant differences were observed between homogamic and reciprocal heterogamic crosses in fecundity, progeny production, proportion of female progeny and adult longevity. Among all the crosses, the cross between ex-Rarieda strain females and ex-Kilifi strain males resulted in progeny that was significantly superior in fecundity and progeny female ratio. Conversely, Kilifi strain females crossed to males from ex-Rarieda strain gave rise to progeny with relatively low fecundity and female ratio. There were significant differences between homogamic crosses and most reciprocal heterogamic crosses in the major biological attributes. Genotypic and phenotypic variance-covariance matrices generated for six life-history traits showed high positive correlations for most traits in both inbred (P<0.05) and reciprocal heterogamic crosses (P<0.05 and P<0.001). Fecundity and number of female offspring were the most important factors in the heterogamic crosses. The results confirmed the scope for genetic enhancement through inter-strain crossing for improving the field impact potential of T. sp. nr. lutea being targeted for commercial mass production.
The food and migration of the perch (Perca fluviatilis) in Windermere.

THE results recorded in this paper were obtained while working at the Laboratory of the Freshwater Biological Association between July 1933 and February 1935. The perch (Percafluviatilis Linn.) is very abundant in Windermere and was suitable for an investigation, since it could easily be obtained in sufficient numbers to make observations on its food and migrations possible. Windermere is the largest of the English lakes, having a length of 10-5 miles (16-8 km.), and a mean breadth of about 950 yards (874 m.). It is a deep lake, the mean depth being about 78 ft. (c. 24 m.), and the littoral zone is usually narrow. In addition to the perch the following species of fish are also found in the lake: salmon (Salmo salar), brown trout (Salmo fario), char (Salvelinus willughbii), pike (Esox lucius), eel (Anguilla vulgaris), minnow (Phoxinus phoxinus), stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus), and bullhead (Cottus gobio). Of the larger species, the perch is by far the most common and occurs in the lake in very large numbers. Its average size is small, perch over 8 in. in length being uncommon and those over 12 in. in length very rare. The comparative scarcity of the larger fish is illustrated by Table 1, which shows the size distribution of the perch examined. Various methods were used for the capture of perch, and each of these tended to catch fish of a particular range of sizes. Consequently Table 1 does not represent accurately the actual size distribution of the perch in the lake, but it does illustrate the rapid decrease in numbers of perch more than 5-5 in. (14-0 cm.) long. The comparatively small number of perch less than 4 0 in. (10-2 cm.) in length which was examined is due to the fact that the trap in which most of the fish were caught allowed those less than 4-0 in. in length to escape.
Variability amongst strains of Fusarium poae assessed by vegetative compatibility and RAPD polymorphism

Vegetative compatibility tests and random amplification of polymorphic DNA (RAPD) were used to assess genetic relationships amongst 54 strains of Fusarium poae obtained from various geographical regions. Twenty-seven strains were assigned to eight multiple member vegetative compatibility groups (VCGs), while the other 27 isolates were found to form single-member VCGs. There was a partial correlation between VCG and geographical origin, but the relationship was not always clear. However, no correlation was observed between the VCG and the host plant of origin. RAPD patterns were closely associated with VCGs in all cases. Members of VCGs that were interconnected by bridging isolates formed common branches in the phenogram constructed on the basis of the RAPD patterns, while strains that belonged to single-member VCGs were scattered throughout the phenogram. These data demonstrate that the combination of traditional and molecular methodologies allows reliable intraspecific subdivisions in an asexual fungus, which is a secondary invader of a wide range of host plants, and so has never been subject to the intense selection pressure of a single host species and lacks pathogenic subgroups.
Penerapan Pendekatan Lingkungan Alam Sekitar (PLAS) untuk Meningkatkan Motivasi Belajar dan Hasil Belajar Siswa Kelas V Sekolah Dasar

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan motivasi belajar dan hasil belajar siswa kelas V sekolah dasar melalui penerapan pendekatan lingkungan alam sekitar (PLAS). Penelitian ini merupakan action research dengan dua siklus yang masing-masing terdiri dari tiga pertemuan. Subjek penelitian ini adalah guru dan 29 siswa kelas V SDN 2 Karangreja. Pada tahap pelaksanaan pembelajaran, guru telah menerapkan PLAS dengan tepat dan maksimal sehingga motivasi belajar dan hasil belajar siswa meningkat. Rata-rata motivasi belajar siswa pada siklus I sebesar 56.3% sedangkan pada siklus II sebesar 85.1%, sehingga dapat disimpulkan terdapat peningkatan motivasi belajar siswa sebesar 28.8%. Rata-rata presentase ketuntasan hasil belajar siswa pada siklus I sebesar 45.9% sedangkan pada siklus II sebesar 81.9, maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa terdapat peningkatan ketuntasan hasil belajar siswa sebesar 36%. Hal ini juga terlihat dari perbandingan rata-rata kelas pada siklus I sebesar 67.21 sedangkan pada siklus II sebesar 78.45. Simpulan penelitian ini adalah penerapan PLAS dapat meningkatkan motivasi belajar dan hasil belajar siswa kelas V.
Crustacean fishery with bottom traps in an area of the southern Tyrrhenian Sea: species composition, abundance and biomass

The north-eastern coast of Sicily is characterized by deep, steep bottoms, not easily exploitable by trawl fishery. In this area few fishermen use bottom traps to catch shrimps and Norway lobsters. Our studies were aimed at identifying the species’ composition, abundance and biomass of crustaceans exploitable by bottom traps in this area. Monthly samples over one year were obtained from two lines of 30 baited traps each, at depths between 100 and 500 m. One line was placed in an area usually exploited by this fishery; the other line was used in the unexploited deepest bottoms. Trapped specimens were counted and weighed. ANOVA test, post hoc multiple comparisons and Student’s t test were applied on abundance and biomass data, for testing differences between areas, among seasons and species. During 22 fishing days, 23 species characteristic of the bathyal mud assemblage were caught, 8 of which were not considered commercial. Plesionika edwardsii was the most important species, recorded in the whole bathymetric range investigated; Nephrops norvegicus was significantly higher in terms of biomass in the unexploited area. The discard, of slight importance, was mostly represented by the crab Liocarcinus depurator . Spring season yielded the best catches in both areas, showing the highest values for both abundance and biomass
La Homeopatía incrementa la tolerancia al estrés por NaCl en plantas de frijol común (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) variedad Quivicán

Currently, the international scientif ic community is increasingly promoting the use of alternatives eco-friendly to the environment to solve agricultural problems, such as soil salinization. The use of agricultural homeopathy, as one of these alternatives, has increased because of its safety and proven effectiveness. This study assessed the effect of attenuating salinity stress (NaCl) of the homeopathic medicine Natrum muriaticum (NaM) on photosynthetic rate (TF) and morphometric variables of the common bean plant (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) variety white testa Quivican in initial plant growth stage. A completely randomized experimental design was applied with bifactorial arrangement (2A × 4B) where A = salinity levels (0 and 75 mM) and B = homeopathic dynamizations (NaM-7CH, NaM-13CH, NaM-7+13CH and distilled water [AD] as homeopathic control) with f ive replicates per treatment. The TF measurements were done twice a week, and the morphometric variables were measured at the end of the experimental evaluation period (35 days). In general, the assessed morphometric variables were favored with the application of the homeopathic treatments NaM 7CH and NaM 7+13CH; the increase in root length (LR) and fresh leaf biomass (BFH) were greater even when the plants were in salinity stress conditions (75mM NaCl). The TF reached the highest value when the plants in saline medium were treated with NaM-7CH, and an increase greater than 50% in PR was observed with respect to the (AD) control treatment. These results demonstrated a great potential of agricultural homeopathy as a bio-safe and low-cost alternative to increase P. vulgaris L. tolerance to NaCl and achieve greater areas of this crop.
Sex Determination of Great Cormorants (Phalacrocorax carbo sinensis) using Morphometric Measurements

Abstract Great Cormorant (Phalacrocorax carbo) is monomorphic in plumage such that sexes cannot be separated by plumage characteristics. In contrast, it displays sexual size dimorphism, with males generally being larger than females. Sexual dimorphism and variability in size of the continental Great Cormorant (P. c. sinensis) was studied in Greece to develop useful sexing techniques using morphometric measurements. Body mass, wing, culmen, and tarsus length of 81 birds controlled under license were measured during the wintering season in 1999-2002. The sex of each bird was determined by dissection and gonadal inspection. Forward stepwise discriminant analyses were performed to provide reliable functions that would enable the prediction of sex of a bird. Differences in size between adult and juvenile birds were not significant in both sexes, whereas males were larger than females in all measurements. Body mass (19.2%) and culmen length (11.1%) were the most dimorphic variables of those looked at followed by tarsus (6.5%) and wing (6.1%) length. Although wing length was the least dimorphic variable, it also displayed the lowest coefficient of variation (2.3%) thus being the best single measurement for separating the sexes. Three discriminant functions that correctly classified 92.6-95.1% of Great Cormorants of this sample were produced. These functions were reliable (similar accuracy for discriminant analysis and jackknife validation) and seasonally unbiased, as body mass was excluded from the analyses. The function including wing and culmen length as variables showed somewhat lower accuracy when tested with a new sample from The Netherlands suggesting that the obtained functions should be applied with caution to other populations, especially within the area of overlap between the sexes, unless inter-population sources of variation (e.g., geographic variation, hybridization, inter-observer bias) are sufficiently understood.
The dynamics of attached and free-living bacterial population in tropical coastal waters

We investigated the dynamics of attached and free-living bacterial abundance over a period of 18 months in tropical coastal waters of Malaysia. We measured the abundance at both oligotrophic coastal water (Port Dickson) and eutrophic estuary (Klang), and hypothesised that attached bacteria are predominant in eutrophic waters. We found that bacterial abundance was higher at Klang than Port Dickson (Student’s t-test: t=4.87, d.f.=19, P<0.001). Attached bacteria also formed a large fraction of the total bacteria at Klang (75% ±13s.d.) relative to Port Dickson (56% ±22), and showed preference for chlorophyll-a-based particles rather than total suspended solids. The bacterial community structure was clearly different between the two stations but was similar between the attached and free-living bacterial population. Our results showed the importance of attached bacteria in eutrophic water where they could play a major role in carbon and nutrient cycling.
Mechanisms of micro-terror? Early career CMS academics’ experiences of ‘targets and terror’ in contemporary business schools

In this article, we apply the concept of ‘targets and terror’, previously used in the healthcare sector, to the audit culture within business schools. We explore to what extent terror, or the inculcation of fear through processes of domination, is identifiable in the micro-level experiences of early career academics. Drawing on an international study of 38 Critical Management Studies early career academics from 15 countries, we develop a theoretical framework combining Bourdieu’s modes of domination and Meyerson and Scully’s Tempered Radicalism, which helps us identify top-down and horizontal processes of micro-terror and bottom-up processes of micro-terrorism, specifically self-terrorisation and counter-terrorisation. In extending the study of ‘targets and terror’ cultures to contemporary business schools, we develop a clearer understanding of how domination plays out in the everyday processes of management and self-management. From Bourdieu’s modes of domination, we discern a dark picture of institutional and interpersonal overt and symbolic violence in the name of target achievement. The Tempered Radicalism lens helps us to understand early career academic challenges that can lead to self-terrorisation but also brings possible ways forward, showing early career academics how to resist mechanisms of micro-terror through their own small acts of counter-terrorisation, providing some hope specifically as the basis for collective resistance.
Characterization of chilli vein-banding mottle virus isolated from pepper in Thailand.

A virus with flexuous particles, previously designated chilli veinal mottle virus (CVMV)-CM1, which causes dark green spot, green vein-banding and leaf distortion on peppers in Thailand, was isolated and characterized. The host range of this virus was restricted to the Solanaceae. The mean particle length in crude sap was 765 nm and the mean particle width was 13 nm. The virus was purified from pepper or Nicotiana glutinosa by extraction in phosphate buffer, followed by chloroform clarification and precipitation with PEG. The partially purified virus was further purified by sucrose density gradient centrifugation. This protocol consistently yielded 8-19 mg virus/kg infected leaves. The purified virus had a UV absorption spectrum typical of nucleoprotein, with a minimum at 246 nm, a maximum at 260 nm, and a slight shoulder at 290 nm. The A 260 /A 280 ratio was in the range 1.20-1.28, and the A max /A min ratio was in the range 1.11-1.27 ; the buoyant density in CsCl was 1.328 g/cm 3 . Virions contained a single-stranded RNA of c. 10 kb and a single major protein of molecular weight 34000. The virus induced cytoplasmic inclusions in infected cells, which were observed as pinwheels, scrolls and laminated aggregates. It was not serologically related to potato virus Y (PVY, PVY-O, PVY-T), pepper mottle virus (PepMoV), pepper veinal mottle virus (PVMV), tobacco etch virus (TEV), papaya ringspot virus (PRSV), or peanut stripe virus (PStV), but is related to chilli veinal mottle virus occurring in Malaysia. On the basis of particle morphology, physico-chemical and biological properties and cytopathology, it is considered to be a potyvirus. As this virus was serologically distinct from well-known potyviruses, it is thought to be a new pepper potyvirus found in Thailand. Since the virus induces a typical dark green spotting, patching and banding along the vein in established infected peppers, the new and more descriptive name 'chilli vein-banding mottle virus' (CVbMV) is proposed.
THE UPLAND FOREST CONTINUUM IN NORTHERN NEW JERSEY

Quantitative data on trees, saplings and tree seedlings were taken from 60 acceptably homogeneous upland stands on a wide variety of geological substrata and topographic positions throughout northern New Jersey, partly to test the applicability of a unidimensional continuum in a heterogeneous environment. The strong negative correlation between stand altitude and continuum index could not be ascribed to altitude alone because rich calcareous soils were found at low altitudes while poor, shallow soils from more resistant rocks were found at higher elevations. Species diversity was greatest in forests on limestone substrata. Although Quercus species were found as leading species in 54 of the 60 stands, sapling data showed that in these forests as a whole succession is leading from dominance by oaks to dominance by Tsuga canadensis or by Acer saccharum, the association between these two species being weak. Though useful as a tool for the study of vegetation, a linear continuum was not applicable to the forests of northern New Jersey; they appear to conform to a pluri- dimensional continuum. It is concluded that the Clementsian concept of climax, as a process, is in no way degraded by the concept of the continuum, either linear or pluridimensional.