Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Spirituality in Caregivers and Families With Chronic Patients: Psychometric of Caregiver’s Spiritual Empowering Scale

ObjectivesHigh tension is the leading cause of the increased risk of mortality among family caregivers (FCGs), resulting in inadequate care and abandonment of the patient. Spirituality promotion is a sense of mastery and control and strength to endure the stressors of illness. To the best of our knowledge, no tool is available for investigating the current spiritual state of the FCG and identifying the need for spiritual intervention in Iran. Therefore, the present study aimed to identify the level of independence of patients with chronic disease and to explore the concept of spirituality and psychometric of related scale, namely, caregiver’s spiritual empowering scale (CSES). Materials and MethodsThis study used a multiphase mixed-method approach and was conducted from June 2016 to August 2018 in the southwestern region of Iran. The cross-sectional surveys of activities of daily living (ADL) and instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) were conducted on people with chronic diseases (n = 389) in the first phase. In the second phase, the exploratory sequential mixed method was applied for content analysis study (n = 26) and psychometric of CSES in FCG (n = 395). ResultsThe caregivers’ age was within the range of 17-74 years (42 Mean ± 12SD). Based on the results of ADL IADL, 87% and 99.5% of patients were dependent or in need of help. In the qualitative study phase, four main categories emerged in the context of “Empowering spirituality”. The reliability and validity of CSES including 12 items loaded one a single factor were confirmed based on the content validity ratio >0.45, content validity index >0.78, kappa coefficient >0.75, impact score > 1.5, α = 0.92, interclass correlation coefficient = 0.91, 95% CI = 0.90-0.92, r = 0.57, P = 0.000, standard error of the mean = 1.64, and KaiserMeyer-Olkin index = 94, P < 0.001. ConclusionsIn general, spiritual empowerment is essential as a low-cost and effective method in increasing the dependence of people with chronic diseases and the risk of burnout in FCG. Accordingly, the CSES is considered a valid and reliable instrument for measuring the status of empowerment spirituality in informal caregivers and the effectiveness of interventions.
Modeling nitrogen mineralization at surface and deep layers of sandy soils

ABSTRACT We evaluated potential soil nitrogen mineralization of 46 sandy fields of the Pampas for determining the contribution of deep layers to mineralization and modeling its trend in depth as a possible tool for improving current existing mineralization models based on surface data. Mineralization, total and mineral nitrogen decreased with depth. A potential model fitted well to these variables (R2 = 0.95–0.99), but mineralization showed a more stratified profile. Consequently, the fraction of total nitrogen mineralized decreased with depth despite soils had constant texture across the profile. Potential mineralization to 1 m depth could be estimated using data from the 0–0.2-m soil layer and the average curvature of the potential model (R2 = 0.60) or linear regression methods (R2 = 0.71). Another estimation of potential mineralization could be performed by developing a pedotransfer function which used as predictors total nitrogen and depth (R2 = 0.62), without the need of laboratory incubations. Our results showed that for sandy soils, deep nitrogen mineralization account for 40% of soil mineralization and can be assessed using surface data or the total nitrogen content of the soils. Because surface soil mineralization and whole profile mineralization were highly correlated, it is improbable that field mineralization modeling may be improved using deep data in these soils.
Reduction of powdery mildew caused by Podosphaera xanthii on greenhouse cucumber plants by foliar sprays of various biological and chemical agents

Powdery mildew on cucumber plants caused by Podosphaera xanthii is a serious foliar disease for greenhouse growers worldwide. The disease is difficult to control under greenhouse conditions. Five experiments were conducted to determine the efficacy of a single post-infection foliar spray of two chemicals or seven biological treatments against powdery mildew on cucumber under near-commercial greenhouse conditions. Calcium nitrate at 15 g 1 - 1 (44 colonies), Quadra 137 at 10 g 1 - 1 (65 colonies), or undiluted homogenised milk (71 colonies) applied as post-infection sprays significantly (P = 0.05) reduced the number of powdery mildew (P. xanthii) colonies on cucumber leaves compared with the water control (125 colonies) in five, four, and four experiments, respectively. Treatments with PlantShield® at 10 g 1 - 1 (85 colonies), or OrganoSan® at 100 ml 1 - 1 (91 colonies) also significantly (P = 0.05) reduced the number of powdery mildew colonies compared with the control (125 colonies) in three out of five experiments. Yeast S33, applied at 1 X 10 1 2 CFU, and PreStop® at 10 g 1 - 1 reduced the number of powdery mildew colonies in only two out of five experiments. These results suggest that calcium nitrate, milk, 'Quadra 137', OrganoSan® and PlantShield® have the potential to control powdery mildew caused by P. xanthii on cucumber plants under greenhouse conditions.
Reasons for high school students dropping out of physical education classes (Razones por las que los estudiantes de secundaria abandonan las clases de educación física)

This research sought to analyze the dynamics of physical education classes in the 3rd year of high school and to recognize the profile of the classes and the involvement of students, understanding the reasons that lead them to drop out. This is a descriptive and cross-sectional study. A questionnaire was used to gather data on the participation of 517 high school students in physical education classes in the 3rd year of high school in state public schools in the interior of São Paulo. For the analysis of the information, a descriptive analysis and content analysis were used. The initial results showed that 44 % of the sample had some barrier that prevents them from taking classes. Of this percentage, 74.6 % were girls, who were the majority, and who answered open questions about non-participation. It is concluded that approximately half of the participating students, mainly girls, participate little, or do not participate in physical education classes, this result being related to the methodology and the selection of content developed by the teacher. The role of physical education classes is to serve all students, respecting their differences, stimulating their potential to contribute so that they are proactive, critical, and autonomous in relation to their health and quality of life.
The effects of contextual group guided discovery learning on students' mathematical understanding and reasoning

In this study, we examine the effect of contextual group guided discovery (CGGD) learning approach on students' mathematical understanding and reasoning. This study was conducted through a quasi-experimental method with a control group pre and post-test design. The participants of this study were two groups of 4th-grade students in Kuningan, Indonesia. Each group was comprised of 22 students (N=44). While the experimental group was conducting mathematics learning with the CGGD learning approach, the control group was conducting mathematics learning with problem-based learning (PBL). The data were collected through a test of students' mathematical understanding (TSMU) and a test of students' mathematical reasoning (TSMR) developed by researchers. The results showed that there were significant differences in the gain score of students' mathematical understanding (SMU) (U = 134.00, Z= -2.539, P = 0.011 < 0.05) and students' mathematical reasoning (SMR) (U = 139.500, Z= -2.412, P = 0.016 < 0.05) between the experimental and the control group . The gain score and post-test score of SMU and SMR on the experimental group that implemented the CGGD learning approach were significantly higher than the control group. Therefore, we conclude that the CGGD learning approach was proven influential to empower SMU and SMR.
An Ecological and Economical Assessment of Integrated Amaranth (Amaranthus hybridus) and Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) Farming in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania

Organic wastes can be recycled in an ecologically sound way in fishponds by applying integrated agriculture and aquaculture systems (IAA). This kind of waste recycling can help to protect the environment from pollution and improve fishpond yields. Additionally, IAA provides an opportunity for diversification of the output from two or more existing subsystems leading to higher overall farm economic returns. This study explored the potential application of amaranth wastes (AW) as a dietary ingredient for tilapia in a tilapia-amaranths integrated system (ITA). An experimental diet (AD) contained 10% (based on the control diet, CD) inclusion of AW collected from a nearby vegetable market. The experiments included triplicate treatments with; (i) fish fed on AD, where the pond water was used for irrigating the amaranth plants (IAA-fish), and (ii) fish fed on CD, where no pond water was used for irrigating the amaranth plants (non-IAA fish). 90 days after fish stocking, eighteen 4 m2 amaranth plots were prepared and treated with (i) tap water without fertilization (control amaranths), (ii) water from IAA-fish pond and organically fertilized (IAA amaranths), and (iii) tap water and inorganically fertilized (non-IAA amaranths). The use of AW improved the fish feed conversion ratio. The overall net income from ITA was 3.2, 2.3, 2.6, and 1.8 higher than from non-IAA amaranths, IAA-amaranths, non-IAA fish, and IAA fish sub-systems respectively.
Dissimilarity in the riparian arthropod communities along surface water permanence gradients in aridland streams

The riparian areas around streams and rivers are often thought of as distinct habitats with unique species. Research on riparian zones has traditionally focused on those bordering perennial waterways; thus, we know much less about riparian species supported by intermittent and ephemeral streams. As nonperennial streams make up the vast majority of stream channels in many landscapes, we aimed to investigate how surface water permanence affects riparian communities. We focus on riparian ground‐dwelling arthropods, a group that often depends on resources derived from surface and/or ground water. We sampled riparian ground‐dwelling arthropods along surface water permanence gradients in 3 replicated stream channels in southeastern Arizona to assess patterns in diversity and community similarity. We found that alpha diversity did not differ between reach types, but high species turnover led to significant community dissimilarity among perennial, intermittent, and ephemeral riparian zones. Further, intermittent and ephemeral riparian zones harbored more unique species not found at other reach types than did perennial reaches. These patterns were strongest during the dry season, when intermittent and ephemeral reaches are most likely to lack surface water. Our results suggest not only that the riparian zones of nonperennial streams host equivalent arthropod diversity to their perennial counterparts but also that these communities have little overlap with those at perennial reaches. As a result, intermittent and ephemeral stream channels should receive greater consideration than they currently do in efforts to conserve regional biodiversity.
Molecular Screening for MYMV Resistance in Interspecific Hybrids of Vigna raidiata with Wild Vigna sp. using Tobacco N Gene Primers

1 Department of Crop Improvement, Agricultural College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Eachangkottai, Thanjavur-614 902, India 2 Department of Crop Improvement, Agricultural College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Vazhavachanur, Thiruvannamalai 606 753, India 3 Centre for Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore-641 003, India
NIGROSTRIATAL DOPAMINE-NEURON FUNCTION FROM NEUROTROPHIC-LIKE PEPTIDE TREATMENT AND NEUROTROPHIC FACTOR DEPLETION

OF DISSERTATION NIGROSTRIATAL DOPAMINE-NEURON FUNCTION FROM NEUROTROPHIC-LIKE PEPTIDE TREATMENT AND NEUROTROPHIC FACTOR DEPLETION Trophic factors have shown great promise in their potential to treat neurological disease. In particular, glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) has been identified as a potent neurotrophic factor for midbrain dopamine (DA) neurons in the substantia nigra (SN), which lose function in Parkinson’s disease (PD). GDNF progressed to phase II clinical trials, which did not meet proposed endpoints. The large size and binding characteristics of GDNF have been suspected to contribute to some of the shortcomings of GDNF related to delivery to target brain regions. Smaller peptides derived from GDNF (Dopamine-Neuron Stimulating Peptides – DNSPs) have been recently investigated and appear to demonstrate trophic-like effects comparable to GDNF. In the described studies, a time course study was conducted to determine in vivo DA-release characteristics 1-, 2and 4weeks after peptide treatment. These studies determined the effects on DA terminals within striatal sub-regions using microelectrodes. A heterogeneous effect on striatal sub-regions was apparent with the maximum effect in the dorsal striatum – corresponding to terminals originating from the SN. Dysregulation of GDNF or GDNF signaling is believed to contribute to motor dysfunction in aging and PD. Thus, it is hypothesized that GDNF is necessary for the maintenance and function of neurons. To extend this line of investigation, in vivo functional measures (DA-release and -uptake) and behavioral and cellular alterations were investigated in a transgenic mouse model (Gdnf) with reduced GDNF protein levels. The described studies determined that both DA-uptake and -release properties were altered in middle-aged Gdnf mice with only modest reductions in DA neurochemical levels. GDNF levels in Gdnf mice were restored to levels comparable to wild-type (WT) counterparts by treatment with GDNF. GDNF protein supplementation led to enhanced motor behavior and increased markers for DA neurons in the SN of Gdnf mice. Gdnf mice appeared to show a heightened sensitivity to GDNF treatment compared to WT counterparts. Overall, this body of work examines novel synthetic peptides with potential to enhance DA-neuron function and expands upon the current understanding of GDNF’s role in the nigrostriatal pathway.
Clasificación sinóptica automática de Jenkinson y Collison para los días de precipitación mayor o igual a 100 mm en la franja litoral catalana e Islas Baleares

espanolCollison a las precipitaciones de gran intensidad (100 mm en 24 horas) registradas en la franja litoral de Cataluna y en las Islas Baleares durante el periodo comprendido entre 1950 y 2005. Mientras que en el area catalana se consigna un total de 304 episodios en los que se ha registrado o superado ese limite pluviometrico, en las Baleares la cifra es de 387. La utilizacion del metodo de clasificacion sinoptica objetiva de Jenkinson y Collison la han ensayado Spellman (2000) y Martin Vide (2002) para la peninsula Iberica, en un estudio muy similar al que ahora se propone. El metodo permite un analisis detallado de las relaciones entre los episodios de precipitacion y la situacion sinoptica que los ha propiciado, y en el caso aqui estudiado los limites del area de estudio estan conformados por una reticula de 9 puntos, siendo sus extremos 10o W y 10o E. Los resultados permiten apreciar que en Cataluna los valores de precipitacion igual o superior a 100 mm corresponden a situaciones sinopticas predominantemente de componente este, mientras que en las Baleares el predominio es tambien de esta misma componente, aun cuando en este archipielago el numero de situaciones de componente norte es tambien relativamente elevado. Ambas singularidades cabe relacionarlas con la importancia de los procesos ciclogeneticos en sectores situados al este del archipielago Balear, en la misma cubeta del Mediterraneo occidental. A resolucion temporal estacional, el metodo confirma que otono reune con diferencia, tanto en Cataluna como en las Baleares, el mayor numero de episodios pluviometricos con valores iguales o superiores a los 100 mm, aunque en Cataluna la frecuencia otonal es comparativamente algo menor. Llama la atencion que en Cataluna la temporada estival se postula como la segunda estacion con mayor numero de episodios de estas caracteristicas, mientras que en Baleares el verano ocupa la tercera posicion, cosa que en ambos casos sugiere la posible influencia de los frentes de brisa como detonantes de la conveccion en areas litorales o prelitorales, y de la convergencia de brisas en el caso de la isla de Mallorca. EnglishThe synoptic automatic or objective classifications like that of Jenkinson and Collison are the only ones who allow us to study the different atmospheric situations in our area of study with a common base. It appears applied to days of major or equal rainfall to 100mm in the island of Majorca with results very near to the awaited ones.
Role of Remote Monitoring in Detection of Atrial Arrhythmia, Stroke Reduction, and Use of Anticoagulation Therapy　- A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

BACKGROUND The effect of remote monitoring (RM) in atrial arrhythmia detection, stroke reduction, and anticoagulation therapy remains unknown, particularly for patients with implantable or wearable cardiac devices.Methods and Results:We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the role of RM in atrial arrhythmia detection, stroke reduction and anticoagulation therapeutic intervention. Online databases were queried to include randomized controlled trials comparing detection of atrial arrhythmia and stroke risk between patients undergoing RM and those receiving in-office (IO) follow-up. Outcomes and complications of RM-guided anticoagulation therapy and conventional therapy in patients with atrial fibrillation were also reviewed. A total of 16 studies were included. Compared with patients receiving IO follow-up, patients undergoing RM had a significantly higher detection rate of atrial arrhythmia (risk ratio [RR], 1.363; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.147-1.619), and a lower risk of stroke (RR, 0.539; 95% CI, 0.301-0.936). The higher rate of atrial arrhythmia was only noted in patients with wearable devices (RR, 4.070; 95% CI, 2.408-6.877), and the lower risk of stroke was only noted in patients with cardiovascular implantable electronic devices (CIED) (RR, 0.513; 95% CI, 0.265-0.996). CONCLUSIONS RM is effective for atrial arrhythmia detection in patients using wearable devices and for reducing the risk of stroke in patients with CIED.
ON THE ROLE OF THE ENZYME PEPTIDE METHIONINE SULFOXIDE REDUCTASE IN THE RESPONSE OF ARABIDOPSIS PLANTS TO OXIDATIVE STRESS

29 INTRODUCTION 30 MATERIALS AND METHODS 31 In silico Analysis of PMSRA Genes 31 Plant Material 32 RNA Isolation and RT-PCR 32 PMSRA Expression in E. coli 34 RESULTS 36 The Plant PMSRA Family 36 Expression of PMSRAs in the Organs of Arabidopsis 42 Response of Arabidopsis PMSRA Genes to Stress Conditions 42 Biochemical Properties of PMSRA3 and PMSRA4 47 DISCUSSION 50 REFERENCES 54
Growth of foxtail pine seedlings at treeline in the southeastern Sierra Nevada, California, U.S.A.

AbstractI examined elevational trends in growth and nutrient use of foxtail pine (Pinus balfouriana) seedlings in the south-eastern Sierra Nevada, U.S.A. , in areas where seedlings have established above the current treeline. I measured growth, foliar nitrogen concentration, and nitrogen relative accumulation rates of seedlings at three elevations: (i) forest interior sites (3435 m), (ii) treeline (3460 m), and (iii) above treeline (3485 m). As elevation increased, the basal area of adult trees and density of seedlings declined, nutrient inputs from aboveground litter declined, and litter C:N ratio declined. Annual height growth of seedlings increased significantly with elevation in 7 of 8 years measured (1985-1992). There was no significant change in annual lateral twig growth with elevation. There was a positive trend in relative growth rates and nitrogen relative accumulation rates with elevation. Variance among years in height and twig growth was higher at and above treeline than in forested sites. Sig.
Distribution of chlorophyllase among components of chloroplast membranes in Citrus sinensis organs

Chlorophyllase (Chlase) (EC 3.1.1.14) catalyzes the removal of phytol chain from chlorophyll (Chl), which is one of the initial steps of the natural breakdown of Chl during senescence. Chlase has been assumed to be a component of the thylakoid membranes. We have examined the association of Chlase with specific thylakoid Chl-protein complexes, using a non-denaturing Deriphat PAGE system (green gels). Chl-protein multicomplexes of orange leaves were separated into photosystem I (PSI), its core complex (CCI), oligomeric and monomeric forms of the light-harvesting complex of photosystem II (LHCIIo and LHCIIm), and a free pigment (FP) band. The separated complexes, as well as empty spaces between them, were extracted from the gel, and Chlase activity was determined. Chlase activity was consistently found in proximity to the LHCIIm ; with some activity also present in a colourless zone, close to the front of LHCIIm. Little or no Chlase activity was detected in LHCIIo zone. Chlase activity of yellow orange fruit peel, which apparently does not contain Chl-protein components, also migrated to the same zone as that of young and mature leaves. Incubation of LHCIIo in the presence of detergents increased the LHCIIm but did not release more Chlase activity. In sucrose gradient separations Chlase activity was not confined to Chl-protein complexes and was detectable in other fractions, including the plastid envelope fraction. Critical assessment of the data indicates that the comigration of Chlase activity with LHCIIm may be incidental and does not represent a real association of Chlase with Chl-protein complexes.
Vector delivery-dependant effect of human tissue plasminogen activator signal peptide on vaccine induction of T cells

Attachment of the human tissue plasminogen activator signal peptide (tPA-SP) to a variety of proteins has enhanced the induction of both antibody and cellular immune responses in animal models. Here, as part of a continuing effort to improve HIV-1 vaccine immunogenicity, we sought to determine whether or not addition of optimized tPA-SP improves the magnitude and functionality of T cells elicited by vaccines expressing protein HIVconsv derived from highly conserved regions of the HIV-1 proteome. The HIVconsv vaccines were vectored by plasmid DNA, nonreplicating simian (chimpanzee) adenovirus ChAdV63 and non-replicating poxvirus MVA. We found that addition of the tPA-SP increased levels of intracellular HIVconsv protein for all the tested vaccines. When administered intramuscularly to the BALB/c mice, a 2to 3.5-fold increase infrequencies of vaccine-elicited T-cells were observed for the DNA modality, however, there was no consistent significant improvement when using a much more potent heterologous regimen of ChAdV63 prime-MVA boost. Our results concur with previous DNA studies and emphasize that immunopotentiation by the tPA-SP is likely immunogen, vaccine modality, type of immune responses and species specific. Thus, the tPA-SP effect on induction of desired immune responses should be assessed for each vaccine strategy separately.