Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Two-phase modeling of suspended sediment distribution in open channel flows

Abstract The transport of suspended sediment in open channel flows is of key interest to the area of fluvial hydraulics. Traditionally, the phenomenon is analyzed as a one-phase composite system for simplification. In reality, two separate phases of liquid and solid are present. In this study, the two-phase approach of particle group model is adopted to quantify the behavior of suspended sediment transport in open channel flows. The analysis reveals a drift current due to the gradient of turbulence fluctuation, in additional to the Fickian-type dispersion due to the concentration gradient. In the vertical direction, the resulting equation from the analysis is similar to the classical convection-diffusion equation such as the Rouse model. However, the incoiporation of the additional dispersion terms predicts more accurately the sediment concentration distribution along the water depth. In the horizontal direction, the analysis shows that the mean fluid velocity is always larger than that of the sediments. The interaction between the sediment and fluid and the effects of sediment inertia are also addressed. Experiment data from the literature are used to verify the results.
High-sensitivity cardiac troponin T is associated with disease activity in patients with inflammatory arthritis

Objective To investigate whether high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T (hsTnT) correlates to markers of disease activity in inflammatory arthritis (IA), and whether antirheumatic treatment influences hsTnT levels. Methods We assessed 115 patients with active IA (64 rheumatoid arthritis (RA), 31 psoriatic arthritis and 20 ankylosing spondylitis) before and after using methotrexate (MTX) alone or tumor necrosis factor inhibitor (TNFi) with or without MTX co-medication (TNFi±MTX). All patients starting with TNFi had been previously unsuccessfully treated with MTX monotherapy. HsTnT (measured in serum by electro-chemiluminescence immunoassay (Roche Elecsys® Troponin T- high-sensitivity)), and other clinical and laboratory parameters were evaluated at baseline, and after 6 weeks and 6 months of treatment. Results Of markers of disease activity, baseline levels of hsTnT positively correlated with Physicians’ Global Assessment Score of disease activity in the total patient cohort (p = 0.039). In RA group, hsTnT positively correlated with swollen joints, Disease Activity Score for 28 joints with ESR and serum tumor necrosis factor levels (p = 0.025, p = 0.008, p = 0.01, respectively). Median hsTnT at baseline was 5.0 ng/L, and did not change significantly at 6-week visit (6.0 ng/L, p = 0.37) and 6-month visit (6.0 ng/L, p = 0.18) with either antirheumatic therapy. Conclusions HsTnT levels were associated with inflammatory markers for IA disease activity. However, while inflammatory markers significantly improved after antirheumatic treatment, hsTnT did not change during the 6-month follow-up period.
A Corrected Plug-In Method for the Quantile Confidence Interval of a Transformed Regression

In this paper we propose an analytically corrected plug-in method for constructing confidence intervals of the conditional quantiles of a response variable with data transformation. The method can be applied to (i) a general conditional regression quantile, (ii) a general monotonic transformation, and (iii) a transformation model with heteroscedastic errors. Our results extend those in Yang (2002a), in which the median of a response variable under the Box-Cox transformation with homoscedastic errors was considered. A Monte Carlo experiment is conducted to compare the performance of the corrected plug-in method, the plug-in method and the delta method. The corrected plug-in method provides superior results over the other two methods.
A basic flat facet finite element for the analysis of general shells

A triangular flat facet finite element for the analysis of general thin shells is presented. It is constructed from simple cubic polynomial displacement fields using a complete set of six degrees of freedom at the element vertices, thereby easily meeting the requirements of standard commercial computer programs. The theoretical development is based on a variational principle which allows a direct formulation of the element stiffness matrix, without inversion, and which permits considerable simplification of the mathematical formulation. The new flat facet element generally produces more accurate numerical results than those obtained in earlier related work. It also offers a possible basis for constructing an improved curved approximation to a shell surface and for further developments in connection with applications involving geometric non-linearity.
Nonlinear Taylor–Couette flow of helium II

We solve the nonlinear two-fluid Hall–Vinen–Bekharevich–Khalatnikov equations of motion of helium II for the first time and investigate the configuration of quantized vortex lines in Taylor–Couette flow. The results are interpreted in terms of quantities which can be observed by measuring the attenuation of second sound. Comparison is made with existing experimental results.
High and Low Surface Brightness Galaxies in the Local Universe. IV. Optical and 21 Centimeter Spectroscopy

We present flux-calibrated spectra in the range 3500 to 8000 Å for the nuclear regions of 250 galaxies and H I 21 cm line profiles for 238 galaxies selected from the catalog of low surface brightness galaxies identified in Automated Plate Measuring Facility (APM) scans of UK Schmidt Telescope survey plates. For the optical spectra, common nebular absorption- and emission-line equivalent widths and emission-line fluxes were measured with typical errors of about 20%. H I mass and velocity widths were measured from the 21 cm line emission, with 15% accuracy. Galaxies in this study span over 6 mag in surface brightness. Only about 20% of these galaxies show spectroscopic evidence of active galactic nuclei. Derived quantities such as synthetic colors, metallicity, star formation rate, the ratio of neutral hydrogen mass to blue light, and gas mass fraction are presented in a companion paper.
RELATION BETWEEN THE CORONAL MASS EJECTION ACCELERATION AND THE NON-THERMAL FLARE CHARACTERISTICS

We investigate the relationship between the main acceleration phase of coronal mass ejections (CMEs) and the particle acceleration in the associated flares as evidenced in Reuven Ramaty High Energy Solar Spectroscopic Imager non-thermal X-rays for a set of 37 impulsive flare-CME events. Both the CME peak velocity and peak acceleration yield distinct correlations with various parameters characterizing the flare-accelerated electron spectra. The highest correlation coefficient is obtained for the relation of the CME peak velocity and the total energy in accelerated electrons (c = 0.85), supporting the idea that the acceleration of the CME and the particle acceleration in the associated flare draw their energy from a common source, probably magnetic reconnection in the current sheet behind the erupting structure. In general, the CME peak velocity shows somewhat higher correlations with the non-thermal flare parameters than the CME peak acceleration, except for the spectral index of the accelerated electron spectrum, which yields a higher correlation with the CME peak acceleration (c ≈ −0.6), indicating that the hardness of the flare-accelerated electron spectrum is tightly coupled to the impulsive acceleration process of the rising CME structure. We also obtained high correlations between the CME initiation height h0 and the non-thermal flare parameters, with the highest correlation of h0 to the spectral index δ of flare-accelerated electrons (c ≈ 0.8). This means that CMEs erupting at low coronal heights, i.e., in regions of stronger magnetic fields, are accompanied by flares that are more efficient at accelerating electrons to high energies. In the majority of events (∼80%), the non-thermal flare emission starts after the CME acceleration, on average delayed by ≈6 minutes, in line with the standard flare model where the rising flux rope stretches the field lines underneath until magnetic reconnection sets in. We find that the current sheet length at the onset of magnetic reconnection is 21 ± 7 Mm. The flare hard X-ray peaks are well synchronized with the peak of the CME acceleration profile, and in 75% of the cases they occur within ±5 minutes. Our findings provide strong evidence for the tight coupling between the CME dynamics and the particle acceleration in the associated flare in impulsive events, with the total energy in accelerated electrons being closely correlated with the peak velocity (and thus the kinetic energy) of the CME, whereas the number of electrons accelerated to high energies is decisively related to the CME peak acceleration and the height of the pre-eruptive structure.
Efficient Numerical Techniques for Simulating a Rotorcraft Flow Field with Overlapping Grids

We propose efficient and accurate techniques for simulating a time-periodic, unsteady rotorcraft flow. The Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes equations are solved on overlapping grids using a multigrid method and time spectral method. A new implementation of the multigrid algorithm for overlapping grids is proposed to accelerate hovering and forward-flight computations. Using the time-lagged periodic boundary condition, the time spectral method is combined with the multigrid scheme to significantly improve the simulation efficiency of a helicopter rotor in forward flight. The resulting equations are solved by the implicit lower-upper symmetric-Gauss–Seidel scheme. Some hovering and forward-flight cases are simulated, and the results are compared with experimental data, demonstrating the high efficiency and accuracy of the proposed method.
Inhibiting mitochondrial inflammation through Drp1/HK1/NLRP3 pathway: A mechanism of alpinetin attenuated aging‐associated cognitive impairment

Mitochondrial inflammation triggered by abnormal mitochondrial division and regulated by the Drp1/HK1/NLRP3 pathway is correlated with the progression of aging‐associated cognitive impairment (AACI). Alpinetin is a novel flavonoid derived from Zingiberaceae that has many bioactivities such as antiinflammation and anti‐oxidation. However, whether alpinetin alleviates AACI by suppressing Drp1/HK1/NLRP3 pathway‐inhibited mitochondrial inflammation is still unknown. In the present study, D‐galactose (D‐gal)‐induced aging mice and BV‐2 cells were used, and the effects of alpinetin on learning and memory function, neuroprotection and activation of the Drp1/HK1/NLRP3 pathway were investigated. Our data indicated that alpinetin significantly alleviated cognitive dysfunction and neuronal damage in the CA1 and CA3 regions of D‐gal‐treated mice. Moreover, D‐gal‐induced microglial activation was markedly reduced by alpinetin by inhibiting the Drp1/HK1/NLRP3 pathway‐suppressed mitochondrial inflammation, down‐regulating the levels of p‐Drp1 (s616), VDAC, NLRP3, ASC, Cleaved‐caspase 1, IL‐18, and IL‐1β, and up‐regulating the expression of HK1. Furthermore, after Drp1 inhibition by Mdivi‐1 in vitro, the inhibitory effect of alpinetin on Drp1/HK1/NLRP3 pathway was more evident. In summary, the current results implied that alpinetin attenuated aging‐related cognitive deficits by inhibiting the Drp1/HK1/NLRP3 pathway and suppressing mitochondrial inflammation, suggesting that the inhibition of the Drp1/HK1/NLRP3 pathway is one of the mechanisms by which alpinetin attenuates AACI.
The 1.3-year and 156-day periodicities in sunspot data: Wavelet analysis suggests a common origin

Helioseismic data have revealed a 1.3-year periodicity in the solar rotation rate near the bottom of the solar convection zone. In order to test whether these rotation rate variations have a significant impact on the solar dynamo, we search for such a periodicity in tracers of relatively freshly emerged flux at the solar surface, namely sunspots. Sunspot areas and sunspot number time series are studied with the help of the wavelet transform. Significant power at this period (1.28 years) is indeed found and is observed to vary strongly with time. This provides independent support for the presence of a 1.3 year periodicity in solar data. The power at the 154–158-day Rieger period of solar flares is seen to vary approximately in phase with the 1.28-year period. Based on this we propose that the Rieger period is the third harmonic ($3\times 156~{\rm days}= 1.28$ years) of the 1.3-year period. If the rotation rate of the Sun does vary with 1.3 years then the enhanced flaring with the Rieger period may finally be driven by the 1.3 year periodicity. However, the power in both periods is also found to approximately follow the total number of sunspots. Therefore we cannot rule out that the 1.3-year and 156-day periods are harmonics of the solar activity cycle. Finally, our analysis of a calibrated sunspot area record reveals that the 156-day period continues into the most recent cycles, in contrast to earlier results.
Postcode osteoarthritis: geographic inequities in hip and knee arthroplasty

It is suspected that there are differences in access to orthopaedic care within New Zealand (NZ), due to inter‐hospital differences in scoring thresholds for surgical eligibility. We aimed to evaluate those patients who meet the threshold for publicly funded surgery with regard to both functional disability and severity of radiographic arthritis across three different public hospitals to assess any discrepancies.
An Intertwining Result for p-adic Groups

Abstract For a reductive $p$ -adic group $G$ , we compute the supports of the Hecke algebras for the $K$ -types for $G$ lying in a certain frequently-occurring class. When $G$ is classical, we compute the intertwining between any two such $K$ -types.
Patterns of left ventricular hypertrophy and geometry in newly diagnosed hypertensive adults in Northern Nigerians

In hypertensives, left ventricular hypertrophy predicts increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Adding to this burden is abnormality of left ventricular (LV) geometry. Knowledge of the left ventricular geometric patterns in our newly diagnosed hypertensives may have some prognostic significance. One hundred (100) newly diagnosed hypertensives (61males and 39 females) and 78 normotensives (46 males and 32 females) were recruited for the study. All were clinically evaluated and an echocardiographic examination performed. Mean ages for the study subjects and controls were 51.40 ±11.60 and 51.50 ±11.50 years respectively (P = 0.47). Only 24% of the hypertensives had normal geometry with 76% being abnormal. Normal geometry was found in 63% of the controls with 37% being abnormal. Statistical significance was noticed when the geometric patterns of the hypertensive and controls were compared (p value < 0.001). This study showed that only 24% of our hypertensives had normal LV geometric pattern at diagnosis while over 35% of the controls had abnormal geometry. Early diagnosis and aggressive treatment to control hypertension should be taken with all seriousness. Key words: Hypertension, left ventricular hypertrophy, geometry, adults, Nigerians.
Fertility Preservation Practices at Pediatric Oncology Institutions in the United States: A Report From the Children's Oncology Group

PURPOSE: Fertility discussions are an integral part of comprehensive care for pediatric, adolescent, and young adult patients newly diagnosed with cancer and are supported by national guidelines. Current institutional practices are poorly understood. METHODS: A cross-sectional survey was distributed to 220 Children's Oncology Group member institutions regarding fertility discussion practices. Descriptive statistics were calculated for all variables. The association between specific practices and selected outcomes on the basis of sex was examined via multivariable logistic regression. RESULTS: One hundred forty-four programs (65.5%) returned surveys. Of these, 65 (45.1%) reported routine discussions of fertility with all female patients and 55 (38.5%) all male patients (P = .25). Ninety-two (63.8%) reported no specific criteria for offering females fertility preservation (FP), compared with 40 (27.7%) for males (P < .001). Program characteristics associated with fertility discussions included reproductive endocrinology and infertility on site (females odds ratio [OR], 2.1; 95% CI, 1.0 to 4.3), discussion documentation mandate (females OR, 2.3; 95% CI, 1.0 to 5.5; males OR, 3.5; 95% CI, 1.4 to 8.7), and cumulative institution-based FP infrastructure (which included [1] routine practice of documentation, [2] template for documentation, [3] mandate for documentation, and [4] availability of FP navigation; females OR, 1.6; 95% CI, 1.1 to 2.3; males OR, 2.3; 95% CI, 1.6 to 3.4). Utilization of practices unsupported by guidelines included offering sperm banking after treatment initiation (39/135 programs; 28.9%), gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogs for ovarian suppression/FP (75/144 programs; 52.1%), ovarian tissue cryopreservation at diagnosis for patients with leukemia (19/64 programs; 29.7%), and testicular tissue cryopreservation (23/138 programs; 16.7%) not part of a clinical trial. CONCLUSION: Despite recommended guidelines, fertility discussions with patients/families before treatment initiation are not routine at Children's Oncology Group institutions. Standard criteria to determine which options should be offered to patients are more common for males than females.
Chemical composition and anticancer activity of the essential oil from Vicia ochroleuca Ten., quite rare plant in Kabylia (Algeria)

Abstract The search for new bioactive substances with anticancer activity and the understanding of their mechanisms of action are high priorities in the research effort toward more effective cancer treatments. In this article, we analyzed, for the first time, the chemical composition of the essential oil (EO) hydrodistilled from the aerial parts of Vicia ochroleuca Ten. (Leguminosae) by GC–MS. A total of sixteen compounds representing 82.2% of the total composition were identified. The major compounds were phytone (20.11%), hexadecanoic acid (10.23%), 1-octen-3-ol (9.84%), and 10-epi-α-cadinol (7.13%). Additionally, using the MTT (3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) method, the EO was tested in vitro against a panel of human cancer cells, including breast (MDA-MB 231), colon (HCT116), melanoma (A375), and glioblastoma (T98G), with corresponding IC50 values of 23.07, 47.05, 51.64, and 64.07 μg/mL, respectively. The results demonstrate cytotoxic activity and suggest that V. ochroleuca EO could be regarded as a natural bioactive source. Graphical Abstract
Filter bank sinc-convolutional network with channel self-attention for high performance motor imagery decoding

Objective. Motor Imagery Brain-Computer Interface (MI-BCI) is an active Brain-Computer Interface (BCI) paradigm focusing on the identification of motor intention, which is one of the most important non-invasive BCI paradigms. In MI-BCI studies, deep learning-based methods (especially lightweight networks) have attracted more attention in recent years, but the decoding performance still needs further improving. Approach. To solve this problem, we designed a filter bank structure with sinc-convolutional layers for spatio-temporal feature extraction of MI-electroencephalography in four motor rhythms. The Channel Self-Attention method was introduced for feature selection based on both global and local information, so as to build a model called Filter Bank Sinc-convolutional Network with Channel Self-Attention for high performance MI-decoding. Also, we proposed a data augmentation method based on multivariate empirical mode decomposition to improve the generalization capability of the model. Main results. We performed an intra-subject evaluation experiment on unseen data of three open MI datasets. The proposed method achieved mean accuracy of 78.20% (4-class scenario) on BCI Competition IV IIa, 87.34% (2-class scenario) on BCI Competition IV IIb, and 72.03% (2-class scenario) on Open Brain Machine Interface (OpenBMI) dataset, which are significantly higher than those of compared deep learning-based methods by at least 3.05% ( p = 0.0469), 3.18% ( p = 0.0371), and 2.27% ( p = 0.0024) respectively. Significance. This work provides a new option for deep learning-based MI decoding, which can be employed for building BCI systems for motor rehabilitation.
Connections between spatially distant primary language regions strengthen with age during infancy, as revealed by resting-state fNIRS

Objective. Hearing is an important sensory function that plays a key role in how children learn to speak and develop language skills. Although previous neuroimaging studies have established that much of brain network maturation happens in early childhood, our understanding of the developmental trajectory of language areas is still very limited. We hypothesized that typical development trajectory of language areas in early childhood could be established by analyzing the changes of functional connectivity in normal hearing infants at different ages using functional near-infrared spectroscopy. Approach. Resting-state data were recorded from two bilateral temporal and prefrontal regions associated with language processing by measuring the relative changes of oxy-hemoglobin (HbO) and deoxy-hemoglobin (HbR) concentrations. Connectivity was calculated using magnitude-squared coherence of channel pairs located in (a) inter-hemispheric homologous and (b) intra-hemispheric brain regions to assess connectivity between homologous regions across hemispheres and two regions of interest in the same hemisphere, respectively. Main results. A linear regression model fitted to the age vs coherence of inter-hemispheric homologous test group revealed a significant coefficient of determination for both HbO (R 2 = 0.216, p = 0.0169) and HbR (R 2 = 0.206, p = 0.0198). A significant coefficient of determination was also found for intra-hemispheric test group for HbO (R 2 = 0.237, p = 0.0117) but not for HbR (R 2 = 0.111, p = 0.0956). Significance. The findings from HbO data suggest that both inter-hemispheric homologous and intra-hemispheric connectivity between primary language regions significantly strengthen with age in the first year of life. Mapping out the developmental trajectory of primary language areas of normal hearing infants as measured by functional connectivity could potentially allow us to better understand the altered connectivity and its effects on language delays in infants with hearing impairments.