Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Dispatcher-Assisted Telephone Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Using a French-Language Compression-Ventilation Pediatric Protocol

Objective Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) in pediatrics is a devastating event associated with poor survival rates. Although telephone dispatcher-assisted cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR; T-CPR) instructions improve the frequency and quality of bystander CPR for OHCA in adults, this support remains undeveloped in children. Our objective was to assess the effectiveness of a pediatric T-CPR protocol in untrained and trained bystanders. Secondarily, we sought to determine the feasibility and the effectiveness of ventilation in such a protocol. Methods Eligible adults with no CPR experience were recruited in a movie theater in Liege, as well as bachelor nursing students in Liege. All volunteers were randomly assigned either to T-CPR or to no–T-CPR using randomization. The volunteers were exposed to a pediatric manikin model cardiac arrest. On the basis of Cardiff evaluation test, data were collected to evaluate CPR performance. Results A total of 115 volunteers were assigned to 4 groups: untrained nonguided group (n = 27), untrained guided group (n = 32), trained nonguided group (n = 26), and trained guided group (n = 30). We found an improvement in CPR performance in the guided groups. Most volunteers (81.2%) in untrained guided group and 83.3% in the trained guided group were able to give 2 ventilations after each compressions cycle. Conclusions In a pediatric manikin model of OHCA, T-CPR instructions including mouth-to-mouth ventilations and chest compressions produced a significant increase in resuscitation performance not only among previously untrained but also among trained volunteers.
Childhood adversities and adult-onset asthma: a cohort study

Objectives Childhood adversities may be important determinants of later illnesses and poor health behaviour. However, large-scale prospective studies on the associations between childhood adversities and the onset of asthma in adulthood are lacking. Design Prospective cohort study with 7-year follow-up. Setting Nationally representative study. Data were collected from the Health and Social Support (HeSSup) survey and national registers. Participants The participants represent the Finnish population from the following age groups: 20–24, 30–34, 40–44, and 50–54 years at baseline in 1998 (24 057 survey participants formed the final cohort of this study). The occurrence of childhood adversities was assessed at baseline with a six-item survey scale. The analyses were adjusted for sociodemographic characteristics, behavioural health risks and common mental disorders. Primary and secondary outcomes The survey data were linked to data from national health registers on incident asthma during a 7-year follow-up to define new-onset asthma cases with verified diagnoses. Results A total of 12 126 (59%) participants reported that they encountered a childhood adversity. Of them 3677 (18% of all) endured three to six adversities. During a follow-up of 7 years, 593 (2.9%) participants were diagnosed with incident asthma. Those who reported three or more childhood adversities had a 1.6-fold (95% CI 1.31 to 2.01) greater risk of asthma compared to those without childhood adversities. This hazard attenuated but remained statistically significant after adjustment for conventional risk factors (HR 1.33; 95% CI 1.06 to 1.67). Conclusions Adults who report having encountered adversities in childhood may have an increased risk of developing asthma.
Asset Managers: Institutional Performance and Factor Exposures

Using a dataset of $17 trillion of assets under management, we document that actively-managed institutional accounts outperformed strategy benchmarks by 86 (42) basis points gross (net) during 2000–2012. In return, asset managers collected $162 billion in fees per year for managing 29% of worldwide capital. Estimates from a Sharpe (1992) model imply that their outperformance comes from factor exposures ("smart beta"). If institutions had instead implemented mean-variance portfolios of institutional mutual funds, they would not have earned higher Sharpe ratios. Recent growth of the ETF market implies that asset managers are losing advantages held during our sample period.
SARS‐CoV‐2 targets neurons of 3D human brain organoids

COVID‐19 pandemic caused by SARS‐CoV‐2 infection is a public health emergency. COVID‐19 typically exhibits respiratory illness. Unexpectedly, emerging clinical reports indicate that neurological symptoms continue to rise, suggesting detrimental effects of SARS‐CoV‐2 on the central nervous system (CNS). Here, we show that a Düsseldorf isolate of SARS‐CoV‐2 enters 3D human brain organoids within 2 days of exposure. We identified that SARS‐CoV‐2 preferably targets neurons of brain organoids. Imaging neurons of organoids reveal that SARS‐CoV‐2 exposure is associated with altered distribution of Tau from axons to soma, hyperphosphorylation, and apparent neuronal death. Our studies, therefore, provide initial insights into the potential neurotoxic effect of SARS‐CoV‐2 and emphasize that brain organoids could model CNS pathologies of COVID‐19.
A theory of nonlinear interfacial-internal wave propagation in three-layer density-stratified fluid systems with free upper boundary

Jifeng Cui, Shankar Rao Munjam, Xiaogang Chen, Wenying Wen & Baole Zhang College of Science, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Hohhot, 010051, China 2 School of Naval Architecture, Ocean and Civil Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China 3 School of Information Technology, Jiangxi University of Finance and Economics, Nanchang, 330000, China *[E-mail: xiaogang_chen@imut.edu. cn]
Middle Miocene climate evolution: the role of large-scale ocean circulation and ocean gateways

We present simulations with a coupled atmosphere–ocean–bi osphere model for the Middle Miocene 15 million years ago. The model is more con sistent than previous models because it captures the essential interact ions between ocean and atmosphere and between atmosphere and vegetation. In a first set of experiments, we investigate processes that lead to a warmer Middle Miocen e limate. Under present-day CO2 levels the simulated warming is too small. Applying higher than present-day CO 2 leads to warming comparable to the Middle Miocene climate. A denser vegetation cover that is in line with fossil re co ds provides further evidence that higher than present-day CO 2 levels are necessary to drive the warm Middle Miocene climate. However, we do not find a flatter t han presentday equator-to-pole temperature gradient that has been sug ge ted by marine and terrestrial proxies. Instead, a compensation between atmo spheric and ocean heat transport makes high-latitude warming difficult. Includin g full ocean dynamics, therefore, does not solve the problem of the flat temperature gradient during the Middle Miocene. Using the same set of experiments, we investigate the El Niño –Southern Oscillation (ENSO) in the tropical Pacific, where geographic c hanges apply to a wider Indonesian Throughflow at the western and an open Panam a Seaway in the eastern Pacific. Under low and moderate atmospheric CO 2 levels, ENSO is rather irregular, because the feedback between equatorial thermocline and sea surface temperature is disrupted, whereas in a CO 2 doubling scenario, a more regular ENSO reappears. We investigate the formation of Northern Component Water (N CW) during the Middle Miocene in another set of experiments where we cha nge ocean topography (1) to a modern Greenland-Scotland Ridge and (2) to a shallow eastern Tethys ocean gateway. Even though deep-water formation and location change, NCW remains a core water mass of the deep North Atlantic. Howe ver, the meridional overturning circulation in the Atlantic is sensitive to altered NCW sources and slows down by one quarter in (1) and by one third in (2). Int eractions between subtropical and subpolar gyre in the form of an intergy re occur only for a modern Greenland-Scotland Ridge, suggesting a control me chanism by ridge overflows.
Global Imbalances and the Financial Crisis: Link or No Link?

Global current account imbalances have been at the forefront of policy debates over the past few years. Many observers have recently singled them out as a key factor contributing to the global financial crisis. Current account surpluses in several emerging market economies are said to have helped fuel the credit booms and risk-taking in the major advanced deficit countries at the core of the crisis, by putting significant downward pressure on world interest rates and/or by simply financing the booms in those countries (the "excess saving" view). We argue that this perspective on global imbalances bears reconsideration. We highlight two conceptual problems: (i) drawing inferences about a country's cross-border financing activity based on observations of net capital flows; and (ii) explaining market interest rates through the saving-investment framework. We trace the shortcomings of this perspective to a failure to consider the distinguishing characteristics of a monetary economy. We conjecture that the main contributing factor to the financial crisis was not "excess saving" but the "excess elasticity" of the international monetary and financial system: the monetary and financial regimes in place failed to restrain the build-up of unsustainable credit and asset price booms ("financial imbalances"). Credit creation, a defining feature of a monetary economy, plays a key role in this story.
MARKET ORIENTATION AND BUSINESS PERFORMANCE AMONG SMES BASED IN ARDABIL INDUSTRIAL CITY-IRAN

Market orientation and its effect on organizational performance is one of the main debates on market and costumer management. Companies do a lot of actions in order to enhance organizational performance rate and customer orientation is one of those actions in respect to past studies. In present research we studied the relation between customer orientation and organizational performance of SMEs located in Industrial Estates of Ardebil City from Narver and Slater's point of view. Using Narver and Slatter's view, market orientation was studied in customer orientation, competitor orientation and inter-functional coordination aspects. And we studied organizational performance in 3 aspects of: organizational effectiveness (relative quality of success in presenting new products, organization ability in customer-retention), market share and growth (sail's level, sail's growth, relative market share) and profitability (capital retention rate and profit margin). Relationship between market orientation and organizational performance was measured using correlation test and its result is a positive and significant relationship between market orientation and organizational performance. Among market orientation aspects, there is a positive and significant relationship between customer orientation and organizational performance and there is also a positive and significant relationship between inter-functional coordination and organizational performance. And there is not a significant relationship between competitor orientation and organizational performance but the relationship is positive.
Gene Expression Analysis

In the past decade rapid advances of microarray technologies have made it possible to monitor the expression profiles of thousands of genes under various experimental conditions. The requirements for methods to handle such amounts of data have arisen. These massive source of information extracted from the genome project contain the keys to address fundamental problems relating to the prevention and cure of diseases, biological evolution mechanisms and the understanding of particular functional elements in the human organism. The knowledge of the coding sequences of virtually every gene in an organism is an exciting opportunity to develop methods to study the role of a gene in a specific organism or biological function. One of such methods consists of the monitoring of the level of expression of a gene. It has been shown that specific patterns of gene expression occur during different biological states such as cell development and during normal physiological responses in tissues and cells. There are many data mining techniques which help to analyze the gene expression data. This paper discusses some of these methods adopted by different researchers.
Are the steroids a blanket solution for COVID‐19? A systematic review and meta‐analysis

Steroids may play a critical role in the current pandemic of coronavirus disease‐2019 (COVID‐19), given the dearth of specific therapeutic options. This review was conducted to evaluate the impact of glucocorticoid therapy in patients with COVID‐19 based on the publications reported to date. A comprehensive screening was conducted using electronic databases up to August 19, 2020. The randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and cohort studies evaluating the effectiveness and safety of steroids in patients with COVID‐19 are included for the meta‐analyses. Our search retrieved twelve studies, including two RCTs and 10 cohort studies, with a total of 15,754 patients. In patients with COVID‐19, the use of systemic glucocorticoid neither reduce mortality (odds ratio [OR] = 1.94, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.11–3.4, I2 = 96%), nor the duration of hospital stay (mean difference [MD] = 1.18 days, 95% CI: −1.28 to 3.64, I2 = 93%) and period of viral shedding (MD = 1.42 days, 95% CI: −0.52 to 3.37, I2 = 0%). Systemic steroid therapy may not be effective for reducing mortality, duration of hospitalization, and period of viral shedding. Studies are mostly heterogeneous. Further RCTs are required.
Glaciological and oceanographic evidence of high melt rates beneath Pine Island Glacier, West Antarctica

Abstract Satellite imagery indicates that the floating terminus of Pine Island Glacier has changed little in extent over the past two decades. Data on the velocity and thickness of the glacier reveal that calving of 28 ± 4 Gta−1 accounts for only half of the ice input near the grounding line. The apparently steady configuration implies that the remainder of the input is lost by basal melting at a mean rate of 12 ± 3 ma−1. Ocean circulation in Pine Island Bay transports +1°C waters beneath the glacier and temperatures recorded in melt-laden outflows show that heat loss from the ocean is consistent with the requirements of the calculated melt rate. The combination of iceberg calving and basal melting lies at the lower end of estimates for the total accumulation over the catchment basin, drawing into question previous estimates of a significantly positive mass budget for this part of the ice sheet.
The origin of structuration of the Grande-Baleine marine sediments, Québec, Canada

Summary Sediments of the Grande-Baleine River were deposited in a brackish sea about 7000 years ago; the salinity was not less than 8 g/1. This fine-grained sediment was uplifted more than 150 m above sea level. The soil is extremely sensitive (St > 200 as measured by the fall cone), the liquidity index is often above 2. In the odeometer, this sediment is highly compressible and presents an overconsolidation ratio greater than 2 and this with signs of little erosion. Research work has yielded a behavioural model that includes different processes such as early cementation during or soon after deposition and leaching to the actual porewater salinity of 0.5 g/1. Both processes have resulted in a sediment with abnormally high water content (with respect to effective stress) and a high liquidity index, due in part to leaching. Field and laboratory work demonstrate that for this soil, processes responsible for its structuration are leaching and cementation (or anything that has prevented the soil from consolidating completely). No evidence could be found that would suggest the action of delayed consolidation. Today this soil appears geologically normally consolidated (i.e. there is no erosion or surcharge), mechanically overconsolidated (O.C.R. >2), and physico-chemically underconsolidated (abnormally high water content).
Sovereign Default Swap Market Efficiency and Country Risk in the Eurozone

This paper uses sovereign CDS spread changes and their volatilities as a proxy for the informational efficiency of the sovereign markets and persistency of country risks. Specifically, we apply semi-parametric and parametric methods to the sovereign CDSs of 10 eurozone countries to test the evidence of long memory behavior during the financial crisis. Our analysis reveals that there is no evidence of long memory for the spread changes, which indicates that the price discovery process functions efficiently for sovereign CDS markets even during the crisis. In contrast, both semi-parametric methods and the dual-parametric model imply persistent behavior in the volatility of changes for Greece, Portugal, Ireland, Italy, Spain, and Belgium addressing persistent sovereign uncertainty. We provide evidence of causality from volatility in CDS prices to sovereign risk premiums for these peripheral economies. We furthermore demonstrate the potential spillover effects of spread changes among eurozone countries by estimating dynamic conditional correlations.
Standardization of planting time and spacing in french bean cv. LAKSHMI as autumn crop for lower hills of Northern India

The healthy seeds of French bean cv. Lakshmi were sown on five planting times at fortnightly intervals viz., P1: Aug 01, P2: Aug 16, P3: Sep 01, P4: Sep 16 and P5: Oct 01 at three spacings viz. S1: 60x15 cm, S2: 75x15 cm and S3: 90x15 cm during three consecutive years 2003 to 2005 at the Experimental Farm of Regional Horticultural and Forestry Research Station, Bhota, District Hamirpur (HP) in a Randomized Block Design with three replications in the plots of size 2.25x1. 80 m every year. The recommended doses of manures and fertilizers and all agronomic practices were adopted timely for raising a healthy and normal crop. The data was recorded on yield (q/ ha), number of pods per plant and plant height (cm). Significant differences were observed for all the traits studied during all the three years. The French bean cv. Lakshmi as an autumn crop planted during mid August at a spacing of 90x15 cm produced maximum pod yield. A continuous decrease in pod yield and its attributes was recorded with every delay in planting the crop.
Effect of antibody alone and combined with acyclovir on neonatal herpes simplex virus infection in guinea pigs.

Neonatal herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection produces severe disease with unacceptable morbidity and mortality with current antiviral therapies. The effect of therapy with passive anti-HSV antibody and acyclovir was evaluated using a guinea pig model of neonatal HSV. Newborn animals were inoculated intranasally and treated with acyclovir (60 mg/kg/day) or antibody (or both), beginning on days 0, 2, or 3 after HSV-2 inoculation. Acyclovir alone was effective only when begun on day 0, and antibody alone was effective when begun on or before day 2. Only combination therapy was effective on day 3, reducing mortality from 82% (14/17) in controls to 44% (7/16; P < .05). Combined therapy also significantly reduced the duration of skin, eye, and mouth disease and respiratory symptoms but not recurrent disease. These data suggest that addition of antibody therapy to acyclovir may improve the outcome of neonatal HSV disease.
Censusing wading bird colonies: An update on the 'flight-line' count method

Censusing waterbirds has long been recognized as an arduous task (Cramp et al. 1974, Nettleship 1976, Erwin 1981). Not only is it difficult to accurately determine the numbers of breeding adults at a colony, but the census process itself can sometimes result in major disruption of the colony (Ellison and Cleary 1978, Tremblay and Ellison 1979). The "flight-line" method provides some promise as a technique that minimizes disturbance yet allows reasonable estimates of the nesting population (Erwin and Ogden 1980). The method requires simply that the number of birds flying to and from colonies (or discrete subcolonies) be monitored over a period of from one to several hours. Concommitantly, when testing this technique, a total nest count (or sampling method such as belt transect) is performed. Regression analyses are then performed to evaluate the relationship. Previous work (Erwin and Ogden 1980) showed that tide level, time of day, nesting phase, species, and colony location all influenced the numerical relationship between flight rates (i.e., number of flights per hour) and number of active nests in a colony, thus substantial variation in the results can occur.
Disruption in Primary Care and Patient Outcomes: Evidence from Physician Retirement

Most of the evidence linking primary care use with better patient outcomes is correlational in nature. In this paper, I exploit exogenous timing of primary care physician (PCP) retirement to study the causal effect of disruption in primary care on patients’ health care utilization, medical costs, and health outcomes. I find that the disruption results in higher total medical costs and worsen patient health outcomes through the reduction in primary care utilization and discontinuity of care. Although on average patients find a new PCP of higher quality, this cannot offset the negative effect driven by the above-mentioned two channels. After the disruption, patients substitute primary care with more expensive specialty care and emergency care, and they use more diagnostic and imaging tests. Although there is no change in mortality, hospitalization increases due to the disruption. This evidence supports the widely-held brief that primary care is important in curbing health care costs and improving health
Radiation-Induced Conductivity in Kapton-Like Polymers Featuring Conductivity Rising With an Accumulating Dose

We have investigated the radiation-induced conductivity (RIC) in Kapton-like polymers in which it increases with an accumulating dose at large dose rates and long irradiation times. Such a behavior is very useful for spacecraft applications as it allows mitigating the spacecraft charging problems. Also, we studied ordinary polymers whose RIC steadily falls after reaching an initial maximum. To interpret experimental results, we used the semi-empirical Rose–Fowler–Vaisberg model. Numerical and experimental results have been compared with published data.
Observer-based reliable passive control for uncertain T–S fuzzy systems with time-delay

ABSTRACT This paper is concerned with the problem of observer-based reliable passive control for uncertain Takagi–Sugeno (T–S) fuzzy systems with time-delay and actuator faults. By employing Lyapunov stability theory, fault treatment method and linear matrix inequalities (LMIs), a sufficient condition on the existence of an observer-based reliable passive controller is given. Further, the LMI conditions are proposed for the observer-based reliable passive controller design. The gain of reliable controller and observer can be obtained by solving the proposed LMIs. Using the reliable passive controller, the closed-loop system is not only internally stable but also strictly passive even though some actuator components fail and system state fails to be measured completely. Finally, a truck-trailer system example is given to verify the effectiveness and advantages of the designed approach.