Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Genetically Modified Salmon for Dinner? Transgenic Salmon Marketing Scenarios

Worldwide fish demand is expected to increase dramatically in the coming years due to population growth and increasing disposable income. Fish farming is becoming an increasingly important player in satisfying demand, especially for high-value species. Accordingly, a rapid increase in aquaculture production has been observed (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations [FAO], 2010). Aquaculture is the fastest-growing food industry in the world, and salmon farming is the fastest-growing sector in global aquaculture (McLeod, Grice, Campbell, & Herleth, 2006). This article describes the future trends in the salmon farming sector and the potential effects of genetically modified (GM) salmon introduction on the salmon industry. We have developed a qualitative scenario analysis based on a literature review and expert consultation to conduct this analysis. Approximately 50 species of fish have been subject to genetic modification, resulting in more than 400 fish/ trait combinations (Cowx et al., 2010). Most of the modifications have been carried out on food species, such as Atlantic salmon, tilapia, and common carp. Transgenic fish may offer many advantages for aquaculture, including growth enhancement, improved disease resistance, improved cold tolerance or resistance to freezing, sterility, and altered metabolism to reduce the requirement for fish-based diets in the case of carnivorous fish species (Beardmore & Porter, 2003; Cowx et al., 2010; Maclean, 2003). The biotech company Aqua Bounty Technologies, headquartered in Waltham, Massachusetts (United States), has produced a transgenic Atlantic salmon breed known as AquAdvantage®. The AquAdvantage® salmon is modified using a Chinook salmon growth hormone (GH) gene. In non-GM salmon, GH production decreases during the cold winter months. Using a promoter from an antifreeze gene derived from the ocean pout, the inserted gene is expressed in the cold season. The new promoter thus disrupts the salmon’s normal growth cycle. Essentially, the modification works by making the salmon growth cycle continuous rather than seasonal, as is the case in unaltered varieties. As a result, the fish grows to a marketable size within 18 months instead of 3 years. The process does not produce a bigger fish overall. The feed conversion ratio (FCR)1 is expected to be more efficient (Clifford, 2009; Entis, 1998). Feed consumption is a critical environmental issue for salmon aquaculture: this issue increases pressure on wild fish stocks and results in the allocation of edible fish to feed
Dermoscopic Features of Basal Cell Carcinoma and Their Association with Histological Types in A Chinese Population: A Perspective Study

Abstract Objective: The treatments and prognoses of high-risk and low-risk basal cell carcinomas are quite different. This study aimed to examine the dermoscopic features of basal cell carcinomas and assess the association between the features and basal cell carcinomas recurrence risks in a Chinese population. Methods: Patients with histopathologically confirmed basal cell carcinomas examined from March 2016 to April 2020 were enrolled. The dermoscopic features were evaluated, and the correlations between these features and the histological types and recurrence risks were assessed. Results: The study cohort comprised 119 Chinese patients with a total of 119 skin lesions. The most common dermoscopic feature of basal cell carcinomas was the absence of a pigment network (119/119, 100%), followed by shiny white streaks (105/119, 88.24%), blue-gray ovoid nests (99/119, 83.19%), multiple blue globules (78/119, 65.55%), and arborizing vessels (78/119, 65.55%); yellow-white structures were present in 29/119 lesions (24.37%). Leaf-like and spoke-wheel areas were significantly associated with superficial basal cell carcinomas (P < 0.001), while arborizing vessels (P < 0.001), blue-gray ovoid nests (P < 0.001), and ulceration (P < 0.05) were significantly associated with nonsuperficial basal cell carcinomas subtypes. The dermoscopic features of the high-risk and low-risk groups exhibited considerable overlap; however, the respective independent predictive factors for a high and low risk of basal cell carcinomas recurrence were short fine telangiectases (P < 0.05) and blue-gray ovoid nests (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Dermoscopy provides important information about basal cell carcinomas and is helpful in differentiating superficial basal cell carcinomas from other subtypes. The dermoscopic vascular structures and blue-gray ovoid nests play a crucial role in evaluating the basal cell carcinomas risks preoperatively.
Biocrude Production from Hydrothermal Liquefaction of Chlorella: Thermodynamic Modelling and Reactor Design

Hydrothermal liquefaction can directly and efficiently convert wet biomass into biocrude with a high heating value. We developed a continuous hydrothermal liquefaction model via Aspen Plus to explore the effects of moisture content of Chlorella, reaction pressure and temperature on thermodynamic equilibrium yields, and energy recoveries of biocrude. We also compared the simulated biocrude yield and energy recoveries with experiment values in literature. Furthermore, vertical and horizontal transportation characteristics of insoluble solids in Chlorella were analyzed to determine the critical diameters that could avoid the plugging of the reactor at different flow rates. The results showed that the optimum moisture content, reaction pressure, and reaction temperature were 70–90 wt%, 20 MPa, and 250–350 °C, respectively. At a thermodynamic equilibrium state, the yield and the energy recovery of biocrude could be higher than 56 wt% and 96%, respectively. When the capacity of the hydrothermal liquefaction system changed from 100 to 1000 kg·h−1, the critical diameter of the reactor increased from 9 to 25 mm.
Heightened facial muscle reactivity in preadolescent girls with pathological anxiety

Abstract Objectives Anticipatory anxiety and heightened responses to uncertainty are central features of anxiety disorders (ADs) that contribute to clinical impairment. Anxiety symptoms typically emerge during childhood, and even subthreshold‐AD symptoms are associated with distress and risk for future psychopathology. This study compared facial emotional response to threat and uncertainty between preadolescent girls with ADs, girls with subthreshold‐AD symptoms, and controls. Methods Facial emotional responding was characterized in preadolescent girls (age 8–11) with a range of anxiety symptoms: no/low anxiety (controls, n = 41), subthreshold‐AD (n = 73), and DSM‐5 diagnoses of separation, social, and/or generalized ADs (n = 45). A threat anticipation paradigm examined how image valence (negative/neutral) and image anticipation (uncertain/certain timing) impacted activity of the corrugator supercilii, a forehead muscle implicated in the “frown” response that is modulated by emotional stimuli (negative > neutral). Corrugator magnitude and corrugator timecourse were compared between groups. Results Findings demonstrate greater corrugator activity during anticipation and viewing of negative stimuli, as well as increased corrugator reactivity in subthreshold‐AD and AD girls. Timecourse analyses of negative versus neutral stimuli revealed that AD and subthreshold‐AD girls had greater uncertainty‐related increases in corrugator activity compared to controls. Conclusion Results extend the physiological characterization of childhood pathological anxiety, highlighting the impact of subthreshold‐AD symptoms.
Climate-Change Pledges, Actions and Outcomes

We study countries’ compliance with the targets pledged in international climate-change agreements and the impact of those agreements and specific climate laws and policies on greenhouse-gas emissions and economic outcomes. To do so, we compile and codify data on international agreements and measures enacted at the national and sub-national levels. We find that compliance with targets has been mixed. Still, countries that signed the Kyoto Protocol or the Copenhagen Accord experienced significant reductions in emissions when compared to non-signatories. Having quantifiable targets led to further reductions. Effects from the Paris Agreement are not yet evident in the data. Carbon taxes and the introduction of emission-trading schemes led to material reductions in emissions. Other climate laws or policies do not appear to have had, individually, a material effect on emissions. The impact on GDP growth or inflation from most measures was largely insignificant. Overall, much more ambitious targets would be needed to offset the impact of economic and population growth on emissions and contain the expansion of the stock of gases.
Sensor response of polypyrrole trilayer benders as a function of geometry

Trilayer polypyrrole benders are capable of generating voltages and currents when applied with an external force or displacement, demonstrating potential as mechanical sensors. Previous work has identified the effects of dopant and electrolyte on the sensor output, and a 'deformation induced ion flux' model was proposed. The current work aims to identify the change in sensor response with input amplitude and bender geometry as a function of frequency. The current and charge output from the trilayer benders were found to increase proportionally with input displacement and bender strain for multiple input frequencies, indicating linearity. Sensitivities of the current and charge output have also been calculated in response to strain, and are found to increase as the volume of the conducting polymer is increased. Some guidelines for sensor geometry are then suggested, using the identified sensitivities as a guide.
Gaming and gambling in adolescence: the role of personality, reflective functioning, time perspective and dissociation

ABSTRACT The 11th Revision of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11) formally recognized gaming disorder as an addictive health disorder like gambling disorder. The ICD-11 assumes that excessive online gaming can lead to functional/clinical impairments and psychological distress among a minority of individuals. The present study investigated similarities and commonalities between internet gaming disorder (IGD) and gambling disorder among adolescents (N = 366 students, 13–19 years). Participants completed the South Oaks Gambling Screen Revised for Adolescents (SOGS-RA), the Internet Gaming Disorder Scale-Short Form (IGDS9-SF), the Personality Inventory for DSM-5 Brief Form (PID-5-BF), the Reflective Functioning Questionnaire (RFQ-8), the Consideration of Future Consequences Scale (CFC-14), and the Adolescent Dissociative Experiences Scale (A-DES). Regression analyses showed that the significant predictors of (i) gambling severity were being male, high scores on the PID-5-BF Disinhibition and Antagonism domains, and low scores on RFQ-Certainty and CFC-Future subscales, and (ii) gaming severity were being male, high scores on the PID-5-BF Detachment scale and the A-DES, and low scores on the RFQ-Certainty. Risk factors shared by both disorders were male gender and impaired mentalization. Specific interventions on mentalization abilities may be useful in reducing and preventing problematic involvement in both gaming and gambling among adolescents.
Essential Role of Extracellular Type V Collagen for Porcine Adipocyte Development

The aim of this study was to examine the role of collagens in the differentiation of porcine subcutaneous preadipocytes (PSPA) using a specific post-transcriptional inhibitor of collagen synthesis, ethyl-3,4-dihydroxybenzoate (EDHB). Exponentially growing fibroblast-like PSPA cells were found to produce types I, III, IV, V and VI collagens by indirect immunofluorescence staining. When confluent preadipocyte cultures were stimulated with differentiation medium, various types of collagen matrices were assembled in the extracellular space of adipocytes. Since preadipocytes scarcely interconnect collagens despite the steady-state level expression of procollagen mRNAs, it appears that increasing the cell-associated form of collagens is an event unique to adipocytes. PSPA cells exposed to 40 μM EDHB severely damaged the development of collagen fibrillar networks in adipocytes without affecting their transcription levels, and their triglyceride (TG) accumulation levels were reduced to 30% those of normally differentiated adipocytes. RT-PCR analysis also demonstrated a decrease in the expressions of some adipogenic genes including the master regulator of adipocyte gene transcription, PPARγ2, by EDHB-treated adipocytes, indicating the requirement for collagen during adipose conversion. The exogenous collagen types I, III, IV, V and VI were then individually supplied under EDHB conditions to determine whether or not they could make up for the lack of their own endogenous products. Of the five types of collagen, cells cultured on type V collagen were the only ones to improve the inhibitory effect of EDHB so as to recover up to 63.8% of TG content accompanied by the up-regulated expressions of PPARγ2 and adiponectin. These findings suggest that the extracellular signal from type V collagen is one of the major contributing factors in the differentiation pathway of porcine adipocytes. Jpn. J. Swine Science, 58, 2 : 53-64
High Skin Sympathetic Nerve Activity in Patients with Recurrent Syncope

(1) Background: The autonomic imbalance plays a role in vasovagal syncope (VVS) diagnosed by head-up tilting test (HUT). neuECG is a new method of recording skin electrical signals to simultaneously analyze skin sympathetic nerve activity (SKNA) and electrocardiogram. We hypothesize that SKNA is higher in subjects with tilt-positive than tilt-negative and the SKNA surges before syncope. (2) Methods: We recorded neuECG in 41 subjects who received HUT (according to the “Italian protocol”), including rest, tilt-up, provocation and recovery phases. Data were analyzed to determine the average SKNA (aSKNA, μV) per digitized sample. Electrocardiogram was used to calculate standard deviation of normal-to-normal beat intervals (SDNN). The “SKNA-SDNN index” was calculated by rest aSKNA multiplied by the ratio of tilt-up to rest SDNN. (3) Results: 16 of 41 (39%) subjects developed syncope. The aSKNA at rest phase is significantly higher in the tilt-positive (1.21 ± 0.27 µV) than tilt-negative subjects (1.02 ± 0.29 µV) (p = 0.034). There are significant surges and withdraw of aSKNA 30 s before and after syncope (both p ≤ 0.006). SKNA-SDNN index is able to predict syncope (p < 0.001). (4) Conclusion: Higher SKNA at rest phase is associated with positive HUT. The SKNA-SDNN index is a novel marker to predict syncope during HUT.
Changes in Diversity and Species Composition Across Multiple Assemblages in the eastern Chukchi Sea During Two Contrasting Years are Consistent with Borealization

The Arctic Marine Biodiversity Observing Network monitors biological assemblages on taxonomic scales ranging from microbes to seabirds on the northeast Chukchi Sea shelf to improve understanding of their responses to changing environmental conditions, including climate change. Here, we compare two years, 2015 and 2017, the latter characterized by a much larger spatial extent of warmer, more saline Pacific waters within the study region. These environmental differences were associated with changes in the taxonomic diversity and species composition of eight different assemblages. Impacts included decreases in the diversity and abundance of benthic species and increases in the diversity and abundance of zooplankton and demersal fish. These observations are consistent with the expected patterns of borealization, a term that describes changes from polar to more southern or boreal conditions and that have been observed on other Arctic inflow shelves where there is communication with the global ocean. A decoupling of the seabird assemblage from other assemblages in 2017 suggests that seabirds were unable to fully adjust to changing prey conditions in 2017. Pronounced differences in the taxonomic composition and a substantial decline in taxonomic diversity of bacteria and protists in 2017 remain unexplained but suggest that these microbes are highly susceptible to changing conditions. Continued warming of the Chukchi Sea will likely result in further borealization, with differential impacts on pelagic and benthic communities.
Planning for recall of maintenance manpower

Abstract : Mission availability is a key component of system effectiveness wherein manpower forms a critical part of the resource requirements. Within the United States Air Force, military technicians supplement essential maintenance and logistics support for fighter aircraft. Under certain conditions, the placement of these technicians in their roles as reserve personnel creates disproportionate economic loss for the parent unit and the reserve unit. The results of an analysis of the F-15D fighter aircraft indicate that the organization costs of the military units have a significant effect on how long a reservist should partition duty between the military units to achieve a minimum loss for both the parent unit and the reserve unit. This research suggests another motivation for splitting the reservist's time between the parent and reserve units. The methodology of using loss functions to address manpower allocation can be similarly applied to other areas where there is concurrent demand for the same personnel.
Factors Influencing Elderly Care Willingness of Nursing Students

This study aimed to identify the factors affecting elderly care willingness (ECW) of nursing students. A total of 313 nursing students participated in the study. Data were collected from May to June 2019 using Interpersonal Reactivity Index-Korean version, Semantic Differential Scaling for evaluating attitudes toward elders, Scale of Ageism, and Questionnaire for care willingness toward older adults. Data were analyzed by t-test, ANOVA, Pearson’s correlation coefficient, and multiple regression using SPSS 21.0 Program. The factors with the most significant influence on the elderly care willingness was prejudice toward the elderly (s=-.30, p=.001), followed by attitude toward the elderly (s=-.25, p=.004), third year (s=-.23, p=.016), satisfaction with volunteer experience with the elderly (s=-.21, p=.008), satisfaction with nursing major (s=-.17, p=.032), and empathy (s=.16, p=.046). These factors explained 46% of the elderly care willingness. In conclusion, it is necessary to reduce prejudice against the elderly and develop positive attitudes toward the elderly to increase the willingness of nursing students to care for older adults. In particular, further study is required to increase the willingness of nursing students to care for the elderly through developing programs such as curriculums for positive contact experiences with the elderly and volunteer activities for the elderly.
The Sustainable Development of Railway System in Vietnam by GIS-based Technologies

This study aims to explore the applications of Geographical Information System (GIS) technology in managing and analysing the railway networks in Vietnam in a scientific and rational manner, developing the railway industry in a sustainable manner to keep pace with the development speed in the region and in the world. A process of building a GIS project and designing a geodatabase for a GIS project was proposed. From that point, it is suggested to build an experimental database for the railway networks of Vietnam through ArcGIS software 10.2. After that, the authors explored some typical applications of GIS technology for railway network management such as management, safety and security, and selecting optimum routes. The results showed that GIS application in managing railway system brings lots of benefit to not only in the railway sector but also in the transportation field.
Accurate parameter measurement for high speed permanent magnet synchronous motors

An accurate electrical parameter to achieve high performance vector control of a permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) is necessary. This paper presents a new procedure for electrical parameter measurement of PMSM based on its voltage equation taking account of all losses such as copper loss, stator loss, mechanical loss, and stray loss. This method is simple and does not need complex theory and special equipment. Its effectiveness is illustrated by experimental result.
Unmanned Aircraft System Response to Air Traffic Control Clearances

In the National Airspace System (NAS), Air Traffic Control (ATC) expects aircraft to complete ATC clearances in a timely manner in order to maintain minimum separation between aircraft. The end-to-end response time for an aircraft to complete a clearance, as measured from the end of ATC instructing the pilot of the clearance to the just noticeable difference (JND) on the ATC display of the aircraft satisfying the clearance (i.e., initiation/completion of an altitude climb), can be referred to as measured response (MR). This MR is not quantified in Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) standards, regulations, or policy; however, as manned aircraft have developed along with the Air Traffic Management System, a shared understanding of reasonable and timely response has evolved. By contrast, the introduction of unmanned aircraft systems (UAS) into the NAS has highlighted this issue. This paper seeks to define MR and its components, and describe a methodology, with an example, that can be used to investigate it.
Asymmetric Impact of International Trade on Consumption-Based Carbon Emissions in MINT Nations

The association between carbon emissions and international trade has been examined thoroughly; however, consumption-based carbon emissions, which is adjusted for international trade, have not been studied extensively. Therefore, the present study assesses the asymmetric impact of trade (import and export) and economic growth in consumption-based carbon emissions (CCO2) using the MINT nations (Mexico, Indonesia, Nigeria and Turkey) as a case study. We applied the Nonlinear ARDL to assess this connection using dataset between 1990 and 2018. The outcomes from the BDS test affirmed the use of nonlinear techniques. Furthermore, the NARDL bounds test confirmed long-run association between CCO2 and exports, imports and economic growth. The outcomes from the NARDL long and short-run estimates disclosed that positive (negative) shocks in imports increase (decrease) CCO2 emissions in all the MINT nations. Moreover, positive (negative) shocks in exports decrease (increase) CCO2 emissions in all the MINT nations. As expected, a positive shock in economic growth triggers CCO2 emissions while a negative shift does not have significant impact on CCO2 emissions in the MINT nations. Furthermore, we applied the Gradual shift causality test and the outcomes disclose that imports and economic growth can predict CCO2 emissions in the MINT nations. The study outcomes have significant policy recommendations for policymakers in the MINT nations.