Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect of High Confining Stresses on Static and Cyclic Strengths of Mine Tailing Materials

This paper presents the results of static and cyclic undrained triaxial testing on underflow (coarse fraction) tailing materials for a very high proposed tailing storage facility in seismically active southern Peru. The results of these tests, ranging in initial effective confining pressures from about 0.1 to 5.8 MPa, showed contractive but generally ductile behavior at higher initial effective confining pressures likely caused by grain breakage. These test results formed an important part of the design of the tailing storage facility. As part of expanded mining operations, a large tailing storage facility (TSF) has been designed and was placed into operation in November 2006 at the Cerro Verde Mine in southern Peru. The mine is located in a region of high seismicity dominated by earthquakes occurring along the Peru-Chile Subduction Zone, which has a history of producing very large earthquakes that could cause significant shaking at the TSF site. The maximum credible earthquake (MCE) for design is a moment magnitude 9.0 (Mw) megathrust event estimated to be capable of producing a peak horizontal acceleration at the top of bedrock of 0.47g. The TSF includes a starter dam that will be raised over a 22-year period to its ultimate height by the “centerline construction method”. This method involves separating the whole tailing materials produced by the milling process into a coarse fraction (tailing underflow) and a fine fraction (tailing overflow) by a cycloning process. The underflow materials are then placed in relatively thin lifts and compacted to high density to construct an embankment that provides drainage and strength characteristics to enhance static and dynamic stability. The overflow tailing materials are hydraulically deposited upstream of the compacted underflow embankment. The design envisioned a maximum fines content of 15% and a compaction specification of 98% of Standard Proctor Density (ASTM D698) for the underflow material used to construct the embankment. The large anticipated stresses toward the base of the very tall ultimate embankment and the high seismicity environment underscore the need to understand the likely undrained response of these materials to both static and cyclic loading conditions. This paper describes static and cyclic undrained triaxial tests performed during design of the TSF on reconstituted specimens of the tailing underflow materials, presents results of the study, and summarizes outcomes from testing that were important to the design.
Canine testicular tumors: An 11-year retrospective study of 358 cases in Moscow Region, Russia

Background and Aim: Canine testicular tumors are among the most common reproductive tract tumors in male dogs and have been studied in many countries. However, to the best of our knowledge, studies with a large sample size have not been conducted in Russia. This study aimed to provide the latest information on the prevalence of canine testicular tumors in the Veterinary Oncology Scientific Center for Small Animals “Biocontrol” in Moscow, Russia, in 2010-2020 and the characteristics of the affected canine population. Materials and Methods: A retrospective review of patients and histological reports was collected and analyzed from 358 dogs with 447 testicular tumors within 11 years. Results: The mean age of the affected dogs was 10.4 years, whereas that of dogs with Sertoli cell tumors was 9.4 years p=0.009. This study includes mixed-breed dogs (18.4%), Yorkshire Terriers (8.8%), Labrador Retrievers (7.9%), Golden Retrievers (5.0%), and Fox Terriers (3.4%). The most common tumors were interstitial cell tumors (n=227, 50.8%). In contrast, 107 (23.9%) seminomas, 80 (17.9%) Sertoli cell tumors, 19 (7.4%) mixed germ cell-sex cord-stromal tumors, and 26 (7.6%) testicular tumors developed from cryptorchid testes, which included 16 (61.5%) Sertoli cell tumors, 10 (38.5%) seminomas, and no interstitial cell tumors. Conclusion: This study provides baseline information on the prevalence of canine testicular tumors in the described population, including the median age of each tumor type and overrepresented dog breeds. We further found that the most common scrotal testicular tumor was interstitial cell tumor, whereas Sertoli cell tumor was the most common in cryptorchid testicles.
Influences of Financial Strains Over the Life Course Before Initiating Hemodialysis on Health Outcomes Among Older Japanese Patients: A Retrospective Study in Japan

Purpose This study analyzed the influence of financial strains over the life course before initiating hemodialysis on the health outcomes of older Japanese patients. This study was limited to financial strains over the life course before initiating hemodialysis to eliminate the influence of financial strains resulting from resignation from paid jobs. We examined which of the four life course models—pathway, latent, social mobility, and accumulation—were appropriate to describe the influences of financial strains over the life course on older patients’ health. Patients and Methods Data were obtained from a cross-sectional survey of 6,644 outpatients in dialysis facilities across Japan. We selected participants aged 60 years and older at the time of the survey. Numbers of dialysis complications, activities of daily living (ADL) disability, and depressive symptoms were selected as health outcomes. Benchmark periods over the life course were constructed in three parts: less than 18 years (childhood), 18–35 years (young adults), and 35–50 years (middle-aged). We retrospectively measured financial strains over the life course. Results Pathway models best described the influence of financial strains over the life course on the three types of health outcomes. Experiences of financial strains as young adults had a direct influence on ADL disability of older patients. This result supports latent models. Social mobility models (upward and downward mobility) and accumulation models explained the number of dialysis complications, ADL disability, and depressive symptoms in older patients. Conclusion These results suggest that socioeconomic disadvantages over the life course before initiating hemodialysis were significantly associated with health outcomes in older patients.
Collateral Value Uncertainty and Mortgage Credit Provision

Using property transaction and financing data, we document large cross-sectional differences in how effective houses are as collateral for mortgages. Older and less standardized houses tend to have higher price dispersion, and their appraisal values tend to deviate more from transaction prices. Mortgages collateralized by these houses are more likely to be rejected, have lower loan-to-price ratios, and higher risk-adjusted cost menu. This effect is stronger for home buyers with higher default risk, consistent with the collateral channel. We quantify the effect on homeownership gap using a life-cycle model with collateral constraints. We discuss the implications of our findings for FHA mortgage program, the shift from human to automated appraisals, and urban policies. Jiang is from the University of Southern California, Marshall School of Business. erica.jiang@marshall.usc. edu. Zhang is from the University of Chicago Booth School of Business. anthony.zhang@chicagobooth.edu. Pranav Garg, Willy Yu-Shiou Lin, Michael Yip, and Zichen Zhao provided outstanding research assistance. We are grateful to Kenneth Ahern, Jason Allen, Eric Budish, Sylvain Catherine, Anthony DeFusco, Jason Donaldson, Kevin Duncan, Marco Giacoletti, Adam Guren, Larry Harris, Mark Jansen, David Low, Gregor Matvos, Norm Miller, Andrii Parkhomenko, Giorgia Piacentino, Michael Reher, Amir Sufi, Selale Tuzel, Joe Vavra, Daniel Greenwald, Jinyuan Zhang, Arthur Korteweg, Rodney Ramcharan, participants at Columbia Workshop in New Empirical Finance, the Guthrie Center Housing and Macroeconomics Conference, USC brownbag, UIUC, the Bank of Canada, NUS, UChicago Booth, the Craig W. Holden Memorial Conference, the FRB Philadelphia Mortgage Market Research Conference, UCLA, the FHFA EconSummit, SFS Cavalcade, and PUC Chile for comments. We are grateful for financial support from the Fama-Miller Center for Research in Finance at the University of Chicago Booth School of Business. TransUnion (who provided some of the data for this project) has the right to review the research before dissemination to ensure it accurately describes TransUnion data, does not disclose confidential information, and does not contain material it deems to be misleading or false regarding TransUnion, TransUnion’s partners, affiliates or customer base, or the consumer lending industry. First version: August, 2021
Assessing the contribution of seedling root traits to phosphorus responsiveness in wheat

Abstract Improving uptake efficiency of wheat is important to improving phosphorus (P) recovery and P efficiency. Different root traits have been suggested to be important to P efficiency but their relative importance has seldom been evaluated to identify which traits should be the focus for selection and breeding. This study characterized root traits of 10 varieties of wheat that differed in their responses to fertilizer P in multisite field trials with the aim to understand which traits were contributing to the variation in P efficiency. Seedlings were characterized for seminal and crown root angle, root length, root diameter, root hair length and rhizosheath volume. Experiments were conducted in two soils low in available P, and the effect of P availability on root traits was assessed by using two different rates of P in one experiment. Compared to the varieties that showed a large yield response to P in field trials, varieties with a low P response had narrow seminal roots angles, but wider crown root angles, longer root hairs, larger rhizosheath volume and higher rates of P uptake per unit root length. The importance of these traits to explain the variation in yield and yield response to P among the field trials differed but the root traits most consistently related to yield response were rhizosheath volume and root hair length. Root diameter was associated with grain yield without additional P but was not with response to P. Root angle did not contribute to yield at low P or P response.
Enhancing the Quality and Quantity of Date Palm (Phoenix Dactylifera) by Micronutrients under Calcareous Soils with a High pH Level

ABSTRACT Date palm is an important fruit for many human populations, especially in arid and semiarid regions. In addition, the fibers of the plant have the capability to remove various pollutants such as dyes, heavy metal ions, and phosphates. In the present study, micronutrients were used for enhancing various features pertaining to qualitative and quantitative aspects in date plants under the aforementioned soil. Six micronutrient levels were used as treatments, i.e. control (without micronutrients), zinc sulfate (ZnSO4), copper sulfate (CuSO4), sulfur (S), manganese sulfate (MnSO4), and iron chelate (Fe). According to the results of the combined analysis, the effects of micronutrients were significant on fruit yield (FY), 10 seeds mass (TSM), fruit diameter (FD), fruit length (FL), seed diameter (SD), and sucrose (P < .05). The results demonstrated that iron (Fe) significantly enhanced the FY, FD, FL, TSM in comparison with the control. Based on the cluster analysis, the Fe treatment separated from the other treatments, indicating the extent of difference that this treatment had on the plants in comparison with other treatments. Finally, the results suggested that the application of Fe could improve several features of date palm fruits, especially the FY in the said soils.
Transitioning From In-Person to Telehealth Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for Social Anxiety Disorder During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Case Study in Flexibility in an Adverse Context

Social anxiety disorder (SAD) is a condition in which people consistently and persistently experience significant fear and/or anxiety about one or more social situations in which they may be scrutinized and negatively evaluated. SAD has historically been found to respond well to cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) delivered both in-person and via telehealth; however, comparatively little information is available regarding response to treatment in the context of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic social and physical distancing guidelines, which have affected the way in which behavioral health services are delivered, as well as opportunities for interpersonal interactions which are either spontaneous or assigned as exposures. The current case study describes “Jennifer” (a pseudonym), a college student with a primary diagnosis of SAD, who was treated with primarily CBT interventions for 18 individual sessions over the course of approximately 6 months, which included treatment with a psychologist and a graduate student, implemented both in-person and via telehealth, both before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Jennifer responded well to treatment, as evidenced by her self-report and decreases in symptom measure scores, engaged in CBT adapted to pandemic restrictions, and was able to utilize strategies learned during SAD treatment to address generalized anxiety and pandemic-related concerns. This case study demonstrates the feasibility of transitioning SAD care between providers and formats, as well as the robustness and flexibility of CBT strategies in the face of significant change, stress, and limitations of the external environment.
Preparation of Methanolic Crude Extract of Padina Gymnospora Seaweed and their Anticancer Activities against Cancer Cell Line

Background: Cancer is a major health problem worldwide and still lacks fully effective treatments. As a result, natural-products-based alternative medicines have been developed. Marine algae are a vital part of the marine environment, with high biodiversity and contain a diverse range of useful chemicals. Aim: Aim of the study was to assess the anticancer activity of Padina gymnospora crude extract against lung cancer cell line Materials and Methods: The Seaweed P. gymnospora was evaluated for its anti-cancer activity via MTT assay, further, morphological study of the cells was done to check its efficacy. Finally, the results were analyzed by Student's-t-test using MS-Excel, represented as mean ± SD for triplicates. The results were computed statistically (SPSS/10 Software Package; SPSS Inc., Chicago) using one-way ANOVA. The level of statistical significance was set at p<0.05. Results and Discussion: The results of this study indicate that P. gymnospora has significant anticancer activity. At the highest concentration, 500μl, methanolic crude extracts of P. gymnospora showed the maximum anticancer activity, where the cell viability was only 16.41+7.15. The morphological study also revealed that maximum cell death had occurred in the maximum concentration of the methanolic crude extract of P. gymnospora. Conclusion: Despite the widespread use of algae-derived compounds and extracts in the food industry, there are still limited anticancer drugs available in the industry. Thus, it is imperative that new drug discovery programs using seaweeds with a much more mechanistic approach are needed.
Crime and the Life Course in Another America: Collective Trajectory in Mexican Drug Cartel Dominated Communities

Abstract This article seeks to resolve inconsistencies with life course theory (LCT) that we observed in our ethnographic research on life in multiple highly impoverished communities in Mexico where residents are involved heavily with drug cartels. The theoretical areas examined are some of the core aspects of LCT: trajectory; the age-graded process; transitions; state dependence; effects from other institutions (religion, employment, family) on desistance; and, ultimately, why desistance and persistence differ in these Mexican communities compared with LCT expectations. Our results indicate that the weak State and drug trafficking organizations’ dominance create structural conditions in which other institutions such as religion, family, and employment adapt using collectivism found in Mexican culture. Using the concept of collective trajectory (CT) to bridge the differences between our findings and LCT, we highlight how crime during the life course plays out differently in these more collectivistic communities.
Chevron Nozzle Performance Characterization Using Stereoscopic DPIV

Stereoscopic Digital Particle Image Velocimetry (DPIV), having become a well- established technique for the measurement of the three-components of velocity within a fluid plane, was used to characterize the flow fields from a parametric test matrix of five chevron, plus one baseline circular, 50.8 mm diameter nozzles. Nozzle jet operating conditions ranged from acoustic Mach numbers of 0.9 to 1.5, with static temperature ratios ranging between 0.84 and 2.7. Detailed surveys of the single jet flows were performed to capture three- dimensional features of the turbulent exhaust jet evolution. Cross-flow planar measurements were obtained at twelve locations, ranging from 0.1 to 20 nozzle diameters downstream of the nozzle exit planes. Streamwise measurements, along the jet centerlines, were obtained at ten partially overlapping downstream locations, providing complete axial surveys over a region extending beyond 20 nozzle diameters downstream of the nozzle exit planes. In both optical configurations, the measurement planes were sized to completely capture the fully turbulent jet shear layer growth. The measured three-dimensional mean and turbulent velocity fields, along with computed second order statistics including axial vorticity and turbulent kinetic energy, were evaluated for all test points. Well-defined streamwise vortex structures in the jet shear layers are measured and reported. Examination of the relationships between chevron geometric parameters and flow characteristics is performed. Observed trends differentiating characteristic flow fields between hot and cold setpoints are noted. Evaluations of the stereo DPIV processing methodologies are made in an effort to establish confidence levels and highlight any limitations inherent in stereo DPIV measurements used for aeroacoustic performance characterization.
Effects of customer forgiveness on brand betrayal and brand hate in restaurant service failures: does apology letter matter?

ABSTRACT This study aims to evaluate the effect of customer forgiveness on perceived brand betrayal and the outcomes of brand hate in the restaurant industry. The mediating role of perceived brand betrayal in restaurant service failures is examined. In addition, this study compares the effects of customer forgiveness on brand betrayal and brand hate between two groups of customers with and without apology letter after service failure. A total of 815 questionnaires were collected from two groups of customers of restaurants in Tehran, Iran. The findings show customer forgiveness negatively influences brand betrayal and three outcomes of brand hate for both groups. In addition, the findings reveal significant differences between the two groups in the effects of customer forgiveness and brand betrayal on brand hate outcomes. This study has a significant theoretical contribution by examining the effects of customer forgiveness as a healing power on customer negative emotions and behavior.
The Impact of Perceived Social Support on the University 'Educators' Flourishing and the Moderating Effect of Challenge Appraisal

This study provides insights into what makes teachers flourish in public sector universities of Sindh, Pakistan. Flourishing represents a balanced life where a person is happy with their status and is functioning effectively. The well-being of teachers has reportedly been lower than the general population (Education Support Partnership, 2019). Depressive symptoms were reported by 49% of 1189 academic staff members at 12 universities in Sindh, according to research on stress-related mental health problems in the Pakistani Scenario. Yet, research on evaluating teachers' mental health is lacking, notably among Pakistani university professors (Akram, 2019). Therefore, this study sheds light on the impact of perceived social support on educators' flourishing. Also, it discusses the boundary condition of challenge appraisals in this relationship. Statistical analysis was performed on data collected from 229 educators in Sindh, Pakistan's public sector universities. The result found a positive and statistically significant link between educators' perceptions of supervisors and co-worker support with educators' flourishing. However, challenge appraisal was found insignificant between exogenous and endogenous latent components. Overall, the study's findings suggest that perceived social support might help educators flourish at Sindh's public higher education institutions. The results' implications are discussed.
Practice in child restraint system use among attendees of Well-baby clinics in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

Background: The systematic use of child restraint system (CRS) while driving has been promoted by the WHO to improve road safety.Objectives: To assess the levels of practice in CRS use for children aged ≤5 years among mothers attending the Well-baby clinics and to explore the associated factors and attitudes. Methods and Material: A cross-sectional study was conducted among mothers visiting the Well-baby clinics at five primary health care centers in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, using a multistage stratified-cluster sampling. Practice in CRS was assessed by interviewing the participants regarding the availability of a CRS in their car, usage frequency for a child <5 years, and alternative child-sitting methods. Sociodemographic data, further road safety parameters, and attitudes were analyzed as independent factors of adequate practice using multivariate logistic regression. Results: Of the 192 included mothers, eight (4.2%) had a history of accident while driving with a child. Majority of the participants (62.5%) declared not having their cars equipped with a CRS and used inappropriate car-sitting methods. Of the 37.5% who had CRS in their cars, 27.1% declared using it always or frequently. Adequate practice in CRS was independently associated with mother's age (OR = 0.91, P = 0.09), low (OR = 0.10, P = 0.001) and moderate family income (OR = 0.23, P = 0.012), and the belief that CRS is not essential while driving with children (0.32, P = 0.023). Conclusions: There is inadequate practice in child road safety among families attending the Well-baby clinics in Western Saudi Arabia, which is associated with several misconceptions and negative attitudes towards the utility of CRS.