Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Immune-Checkpoint-Inhibitor-Related Lung Toxicity: A Multicentre Real-Life Retrospective Portrait from Six Italian Centres

Background: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have revolutionized the therapeutic horizons of various cancers. However, immune-related adverse events have been reported, including interstitial lung diseases. Our aim was to describe the clinical and radiological features and survival of a multicentre cohort of patients who developed ICI-related lung toxicity. Methods: Six Italian centres were involved in the study. Patients who were treated with anti-PD-1/PD-L1 and CTLA-4 mAbs and developed ICI-related lung toxicity were recruited retrospectively to study clinical, radiological, immunological and survival data. Results: A total of 41 patients (25 males, 66.8 ± 9.9 years) were enrolled. Lung toxicity occurred after 204.3 ± 208.3 days of therapy, with ground glass opacities being the most common HRCT pattern (23 cases). Male sex, lung cancer and acute respiratory failure were associated with a shorter latency of toxicity (p = 0.0030, p = 0.0245 and p = 0.0390, respectively). Patients who required high-flow oxygen therapy showed significantly worse survival (p = 0.0028). Conclusions: Our cohort showed heterogeneous clinical and radiological aspects of ICI-related lung toxicity, with a latency not limited to the first year of treatment. Severity was mainly mild to moderate, although life-threatening events did occur. Our data indicate that strict long-term follow-up is needed to enable early diagnosis and appropriate management.
Insight into the heat transfer across the dynamics of Carreau fluid subject to inclined Lorentz force conveying tiny particles and motile gyrotactic microorganisms: The case of stratification

Sequel to the usefulness of exploration of Carreau fluid flow for understanding the nature of the shear thinning and thickening characteristics of industrial fluids and polymer suspensions, nothing is known on the heat transfer across the dynamics of Carreau fluid subject to three kinds of stratification (i.e., thermal, concentration, and diffusion of motile microorganisms). In this article, the motion mentioned above when inclined Lorentz force, haphazard motion of tiny particles, thermophoresis, and motile gyrotactic microorganisms are significant is presented, explored, and deliberated upon. Similarity transformation variables were employed to reduce the model from partial to ordinary differential equations. The Runge–Kutta–Gill methodology was used in conjunction with the shooting method and MATLAB bvp4c to obtain the numerical solution. It is worth concluding that thermal stratification and wall heating/temperature ratio terms promote heat transmission while increasing the size of the Weissenberg number and the mixed convection parameter lowers the skin friction coefficient. Furthermore, it has been shown that when stresses grow, viscosity promotes the deformation of fluid components, resulting in fluid velocity retardation.
Financialisation and firm-level investment in developing and emerging economies

This article analyses the effects of financialisation on non-financial companies’ (NFCs) investment and explores the interactions between financialisation and the structural and institutional features of developing and emerging economies (DEEs). We estimate the effects of financialisation on physical investment for a sample of DEEs using panel data based on the balance sheets of publicly listed NFCs. Our main contribution is to assess the interactions between the financialisation of the NFCs and country-level financial development, financial reform, capital account openness and global value chain participation. We find that the effects of the financialisation of the NFCs in DEEs are highly context specific. Stock market development, financial reforms for liberalisation, capital account openness and participation in the global value chains are associated with more pronounced negative effects of financialisation on investment. Our analysis provides novel empirical evidence regarding the sources of variation in the financialisation of corporations in DEEs.
Time-dependent Nonequilibrium Thermodynamics: A Master-equation Approach

Master equation could be applied to model various kinds of biochemical systems. A general theory for its time-dependent nonequilibrium thermodynamics is rigorously derived. We not only introduce a concept of general internal energy, but also propose an extension of the equilibrium state. Moreover, we find out an explicit expression for the extended form of the Second Law, which is phenomenologically stated as "the conversion of work to excess heat is irreversible". The theory is carefully applied to several thermodynamic processes, and its consistence with the classical thermodynamics is clearly shown.
Meta-Analysis on Investigating and Comparing the Effects on Learning Achievement and Motivation for Gamification and Game-Based Learning

This meta-analysis aimed to investigate and compare the efficiencies of gamification and game-based learning in terms of learning achievement and motivation. With distinctive features, gamification and game-based learning were hypothesized to exert different effects on learning achievement and motivation. The effects on learning achievement were more stable and significant for game-based learning (ES = 0.54, 95% CI [0.38, 0.70]) than for gamification (ES = 0.85, 95% CI [0.32, 1.37]). The overall effects on motivation were more significant for gamification (ES = 0.77, 95% CI [0.53, 1.01]) than for game-based learning (ES = 0.60, 95% CI [0.42, 0.78]). Gamification exerted less significant but more stable effects on intrinsic motivation (ES = 0.64, 95% CI [0.37, 0.91]) than on extrinsic motivation (ES = 0.92, 95% CI [0.50, 1.34]). Game-based learning exerted less significant but more stable effects on extrinsic motivation (ES = 0.56, 95% CI [0.35, 0.77]) than on intrinsic motivation (ES = 0.62, 95% CI [0.12, 1.13]). The main conclusion was that gamification and game-based learning, as two distinct game-related pedagogies, differently influenced learning achievement, intrinsic motivation, and extrinsic motivation. The dependence on immersion subject to external or internal factors and ludic contexts associated with internalization of motivation influenced the effect stability on learning achievement and motivation.
Correlating Sensory Assessment of Smoke-Tainted Wines with Inter-Laboratory Study Consensus Values for Volatile Phenols

Vineyard exposure to wildfire smoke can taint grapes and wine. To understand the impact of this taint, it is imperative that the analytical methods used are accurate and precise. This study compared the variance across nine commercial and research laboratories following quantitative analysis of the same set of smoke-tainted wines. In parallel, correlations between the interlaboratory consensus values for smoke-taint markers and sensory analyses of the same smoke-tainted wines were evaluated. For free guaiacol, the mean accuracy was 94 ± 11% in model wine, while the free cresols and 4-methylguaiacol showed a negative bias and/or decreased precision relative to guaiacol. Similar trends were observed in smoke-tainted wines, with the cresols and glycosidically bound markers demonstrating high variance. Collectively, the interlaboratory results show that data from a single laboratory can be used quantitatively to understand smoke-taint. Results from different laboratories, however, should not be directly compared due to the high variance between study participants. Correlations between consensus compositional data and sensory evaluations suggest the risk of perceivable smoke-taint can be predicted from free cresol concentrations, overcoming limitations associated with the occurrence of some volatile phenols, guaiacol in particular, as natural constituents of some grape cultivars and of the oak used for barrel maturation.
Potassium Fractions and Release from Mineral Sources of Potassium as Influenced by Potassium Solubilizing Bacteria (Bacillus sporothermodurans)

Potassium (K) in soil exists in four different forms such as water soluble, available, exchangeable and non-exchangeable potassium. Variation in K fractions in soils through addition of different mineral sources of K is essential to determine suitable mineral source for crops. A laboratory incubation study was conducted using seven mineral sources of K such as sulphate of potash, langbeinite, sylvinite, kainite, patentkali, glauconite and rockdust for a period of 180 days to evaluate the release pattern of different K fractions with and without adding potassium solubilizing bacteria (Bacillus sporothermodurans). The results revealed that potassium fractions varied significantly with the mineral sources. The water soluble (86.00 kg ha-1 to 268.90 kg ha-1) and available K (144.60 kg ha-1 to 326.75 kg ha-1) were increased gradually while non-exchangeable potassium (59.95 kg ha-1 to 221.10 kg ha-1) showed a gradual decrease in content when potassium solubilizing bacteria added. But there was a corresponding decrease and increase in these fractions from 120 days of incubation when mineral sources alone were added. The highest water soluble and available potassium recorded in treatment received sulphate of potash and langbeinite with and without potassium solubilizing bacteria. The exchangeable K (45.20 kg ha-1 to 137.40 kg ha-1) recorded the highest content in treatment received sylvinite. HNO3 extractable K (353.80 kg ha-1 to 389.55 kg ha-1) was highest in treatment received sulphate of potash and only a slight variation was observed during incubation period. When analysing the release of K from mineral sources it can be concluded that sulphate of potash and langbeinite having more available form of K whereas sylvinite contain more K as exchangeable form. In rock dust and glauconite non-exchangeable form of K was dominating. Potassium solubilizing bacteria converted the non-exchangeable form to available form in all mineral sources of K.
Variability, optical-to-X-ray slope and accretion disc properties in a sample of Seyfert 1s

We present early results from an analysis of variability in the optical–to–X-ray spectral index, αOX, in sample of 97 Seyfert 1–1.2 AGN. Simultaneous SEDs from XMM-Newton (PN and Optical Monitor instruments) are used to determine αOX and related SED parameters, using accretion disc model fits and accounting for intrinsic dust extinction. Our work supports the idea that the greater variability in αOX seen in Narrow-Line Seyfert 1 AGN (NLS1s) is driven primarily by changes in the corona, not the accretion disc. We confirm that NLS1s are accreting at high Eddington ratios, and also find higher peak temperatures in their accretion discs. We discuss the desirability of being able to constrain the inner radius of the accretion disc in a large sample of Broadand Narrow-line Seyfert 1s, but this is currently difficult to do in large samples with the data available.
Changes of thermospheric composition and ionospheric density caused by quasi 2 day wave dissipation

Using the thermosphere‐ionosphere‐mesosphere electrodynamics–general circulation model, we investigate the effect of quasi 2 day wave (QTDW) dissipation on thermospheric composition (O/N2) and ionospheric electron density during solar minimum. The overall thermospheric and ionospheric changes induced by the QTDW are evaluated by running the model with and without QTDW forcing imposed at the model lower boundary. The dissipation of the westward propagating QTDW in the lower thermosphere causes westward mean wind acceleration and drives a poleward meridional circulation. The circulation induced by the QTDW, as determined by the difference between the mean wind patterns of a run with the QTDW and a base run without the QTDW, enhances the mixing of constituents in the lower thermosphere. Through molecular diffusion, the decrease of the O mixing ratio and the increase of the N2 and O2 mixing ratios propagate from the lower thermosphere into the upper thermosphere. As a result, the O/N2 ratio near the ionospheric F2 peak is reduced by about 16–20% at low and midlatitudes. This in turn produces an approximately 16–32% depletion in the F2 peak electron density at low and midlatitudes. The simulated decrease of electron density during a QTDW event is in quantitative agreement with published observations. This work suggests a new major pathway for the traveling planetary wave from the lower atmosphere to affect the thermosphere and ionosphere via dissipation and mean wind acceleration.
FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS AND VALIDATION OF HIP JOINTS WITH THE MAIN TYPES OF FEMOROACETABULAR IMPINGEMENT

Current research suggests that femoroacetabular impingement can be a cause of osteoarthritis. Femoroacetabular impingement is a condition that can affect both the femur and the pelvis of an individual. Femoroacetabular impingement can cause damage to the hip joint and its surrounding tissues. The articular cartilage and the labrum are both affected by this condition. A cam impingement is where a bony protrusion develops at the femoral head/neck junction. A pincer impingement is where a bony protrusion develops at the acetabular rim. Often, patients are seen with a combination of both impingements. The main goal of this study was to computationally model and analyze acetabular stresses in a healthy hip, a hip with a cam impingement, a hip with a pincer impingement, and a hip with a combination of the two impingements. The bone models were taken from CT scans. The impingements were created by using Autodesk Maya to modify the surfaces of the models. The hip models were set up to model the single-leg stance v phase of the walking cycle. For the most part, the impingements reduce the stress experienced by the femur. The only exception to this is that the cam femur paired with the pincer pelvis experienced the highest maximum principal stress in the proximomedial region. The pincer impingements increase both the maximum and minimum principal stresses experienced in the acetabulum. Overall, the two types of femoroacetabular impingement change the stress experienced by both the femur and the pelvis. The results of this study demonstrate that acetabular stresses can increase as a result of femoroacetabular impingements. These increased stresses can lead to damage in the hip joint which presents a clinical problem. vi ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I would like to thank my advisor, Dr. Scott Hazelwood, for his help and guidance in my research. I am grateful that he gave me the opportunity to work on a project that matched my academic interests. I would also like to thank Tyler Franklin for his assistance in learning and using Abaqus. I would like to thank Asami Akinaga, my girlfriend, for her contributions and help throughout this process. Finally, I would like to thank my parents for their never ending support and encouragement.
Synergizing learning in and beyond the classroom in study abroad context: accounts from CSL sojourners in China

ABSTRACT Adopting a learning ecology perspective, this study examined sojourners’ formal classroom learning and the interactions between their learning in the classroom and their learning in the community. Data for the study were collected from semi-structured interviews and classroom observations involving 14 sojourners learning Chinese as a second language (CSL) at a Chinese higher education institution. The study found that the CSL sojourners made conscious efforts to create a reciprocal relationship between their second language (L2) interactions in the local community and their instructed learning in the programme, but in doing this they encountered a series of challenges. When these learners encountered challenges in attempting to use local interactions to support their instructed learning, they relied on communicative instruction in the classroom. While much of the in-class instruction that they received did not support their daily communication needs in the local community, several instructional activities involving the local community were identified to play a positive role in the process. These findings suggest that L2 study abroad programmes and classrooms should be reviewed/modified to more systematically encourage students to integrate their learning experiences across in-class and out-of-class contexts and supports from teacher education need to be in place as well.
From unified phrase representation to bilingual phrase alignment in an unsupervised manner

Abstract Significant advances have been achieved in bilingual word-level alignment, yet the challenge remains for phrase-level alignment. Moreover, the need for parallel data is a critical drawback for the alignment task. This work proposes a system that alleviates these two problems: a unified phrase representation model using cross-lingual word embeddings as input and an unsupervised training algorithm inspired by recent works on neural machine translation. The system consists of a sequence-to-sequence architecture where a short sequence encoder constructs cross-lingual representations of phrases of any length, then an LSTM network decodes them w.r. t their contexts. After training with comparable corpora and existing key phrase extraction, our encoder provides cross-lingual phrase representations that can be compared without further transformation. Experiments on five data sets show that our method obtains state-of-the-art results on the bilingual phrase alignment task and improves the results of different length phrase alignment by a mean of 8.8 points in MAP.
The Effect of Relationship Marketing on Customer Loyalty

This research was conducted at PT.Hasel Milek Jaya Pekanbaru in 2022. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of relationship marketing on customer loyalty at PT.Hasel Milek Jaya. The population in this study were all customers in 2021 as many as 727 customers. Thus the number of samples is rounded up to 88 consumers, after being calculated by the Taro Yamane formula. The sampling technique was carried out by purposive sampling. Based on the results of the hypothesis test, the calculated t value is 10.832 > the t table value is 1.98793, then H0 is rejected and Ha is accepted. It means that Relationship Marketing has a significant effect on Customer Loyalty at PT. Hasel Milek Jaya. Or the hypothesis has a significant effect because the value of Sig < 0.05. It was found that Relationship Marketing contributed to changes in the Customer Loyalty variable by 57.7%, while the remaining 42.3%. (100%-57.7%) influenced by other variables not examined in this study
Changes in Racial/Ethnic Disparities in Opioid-Related Outcomes in Urban Areas during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Rapid Review of the Literature

Opioid use disorders (OUDs) are increasingly common among minoritized populations, who have historically experienced limited access to healthcare, a situation that may have worsened during the COVID-19 pandemic. Using a structured keyword search in Pubmed, we reviewed the literature to synthesize the evidence on changes in racial/ethnic disparities in OUD-related outcomes in urban areas during the COVID-19 pandemic in the US. Nine articles were included in the final analysis. Six found increases in OUD-related outcomes during the pandemic, with four showing a widening of disparities. Results also point to the worsening of opioid outcomes among Black and Latinx individuals related to shelter-in-place or stay-at-home orders. Studies examining the use of telehealth and access to OUD treatment showed that minoritized groups have benefited from telehealth programs. The limited number of studies in a small number of jurisdictions indicate a gap in research examining the intersection between COVID-19 and OUD-related outcomes with a focus on disparities. More research is needed to understand the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and related policies on OUD outcomes among racial/ethnic minoritized groups, including examining the impact of service disruptions on vulnerable groups with OUD.
Self-Awareness of Cognitive Efficiency, Cognitive Status, Insight, and Financial Capacity in Patients with Mild AD, aMCI, and Healthy Controls: An Intriguing Liaison with Clinical Implications?

Objectives: This study compares objective measures of cognitive performance with subjective perception of specific performance on neuropsychological tests examining basic cognitive domains, including, for the first time, financial capacity. Additionally, differences in assessment between single- and multiple-domain aMCI, mild AD, and healthy elderly regarding insight are examined. Methods: Participants completed a number of neuropsychological tests and the Legal Capacity for Property Law Transactions Assessment Scale (LCPLTAS). After every test, participants were asked to complete the Clinical Insight Rating scale (CIR) and to self-evaluate their performance by comparing it to what they considered as average for people of their age and educational level. Results: These preliminary findings show significant differences in the self-assessment patterns of the four groups in measures of verbal memory, visuospatial perception and memory, executive functions, tests of attention, and financial capacity. Mild AD expressed the highest overestimations, followed by single- and multiple-domain aMCI as well as controls. Accuracy of self-report is not uniform across groups and functional areas. Conclusions: Unawareness of memory deficits in both MCI subtypes is contradictory to subjective memory complaints as being an important component for clinical diagnosis. Financial capacity is overestimated in MCI and mild AD, a finding that has a plethora of clinical and legal implications.
The Accuracy of Lateral Cephalogram in Representing the Anterior Maxillary Dentoalveolar Position

Background: To evaluate the dentoalveolar position and root diameters of the maxillary incisors from cone beam computed tomograms (CBCT) compared with cephalometric tracings. Methods: A total of 64 sets of initial lateral cephalograms and CBCT images were enrolled. Measurements of dentoalveolar position included bone thicknesses and heights of alveolar, cortical, and cancellous bone. Root diameter and total root-bone thickness were also evaluated. All measurements were performed on cephalograms and CBCT images of the maxillary central incisor (U1CT) and maxillary lateral incisor (U2CT). The data were statistically analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Bonferroni tests (p < 0.01) to compare the cephalograms, U1CT, and U2CT. Results: The cephalograms presented thicker alveolar bone (labial: 0.20–0.67 mm, palatal: 0.41–0.60 mm; p < 0.001) and cortical bone (labial: 0.20–0.67 mm, palatal: 0.41–0.52 mm; p < 0.001) as well as higher alveolar crest (labial: 0.23–0.27 mm, palatal: 0.15–0.17 mm; p < 0.001) and cortical height (labial: 0.35–0.47 mm; p = 0.051, palatal: 0.14–0.18 mm; p < 0.001) than the CBCT images on both the labial and palatal sides, whereas palatal cancellous thickness was not significantly greater (p > 0.01). The cephalograms presented a greater total root-bone thicknesses (0.80–1.08 mm; p < 0.001), whereas the cephalograms traced thinner roots than the CBCT images (0.36–0.52 mm; p < 0.01). Conclusion: Routine lateral cephalograms are not suitable for alveolar bone evaluation in orthodontic treatment due to errors in representing dentoalveolar thicknesses and heights.