Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Fighting for Ecological Justice Through Administrative Court: A Case Study of the Verdict of Makassar Administrative Court in Indonesia

- The struggle for environmental justice through this court often fails, including the struggle of the Indonesian Forum for the Environment (WALHI) through the Makassar State Administrative Court. More specifically, this paper discusses: 1) WALHI’s reasons to sue Makassar State Administrative Court; and 2) WALHI’s struggle to obtain ecological justice through Makassar State Administrative Court. This study is a doctrinal study, which examines legal materials covering legislation, legal theory, legal concepts, decisions of government officials, and court decisions. The approaches used were the statue approach, conceptual approach, and case study approach. The results of the study were analyzed qualitatively. The results of the study show that: 1) the reason WALHI filed a lawsuit against Makassar State Administrative Court was because of the Reclamation Location Permit in the Indonesian Integrated Business Center Area in the Province of South Sulawesi as the Provincial Strategic Area had the potential to cause ecological damage; 2) The Makassar State Administrative Court has not accommodated justice for future generations of both human and non-human species generations. The judge argued that environmental damage/pollution that had not yet occurred could not be used as an excuse to sue the State Administrative Court.
Pod Trichome Characterisation Using Foldscope, Morphological Characterization and Genetic Diversity Among Indigenous Collections of Pigeonpea [Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.]

Background: Association of several morphological traits such as trichome length and trichome density on the pod surface have been found to influence host plant resistance to insect pests. Genetic diversity analysis is used to identify the divergent genotypes and to utilize these genotypes to exploit heterosis. Further, morphological characters are stable across environments owing to oligogeneic nature, they serve as morphological markers in breeding which can be used in varietal or genotypic identification, varietal purification and even in seed production. Hence, the current study aimed to investigate on host plant resistance using portable paper microscope ‘foldscope’, genetic diversity and morphological characters.Methods: A total of 154 germplasm lines with three checks were evaluated in Augmented Block Design (ABD) at Zonal Agricultural Research Station (ZARS), Kalaburagi, during kharif, 2018 to study their genetic diversity. Trichome length and trichome density were recorded using ‘foldscope’ 75 randomly selected genotypes, then correlated with shrivelled seed yield per plot due to pod fly incidence. Morphological characterization of 14 qualitative traits were recorded.Result: Grouping of 157 germplasm lines into twelve clusters indicated a wider genetic diversity for the traits studied, of which 7 clusters were solitary with one entry each. The genotypes with more trichome density and length had less damage by the pod fly. Large variations for morphological characters was observed among the genotypes for qualitative traits such as pod colour, stem colour, flower colour, seed morphology and pod trichomes.
Ecclesia domestica and the Role of the Home in Sustaining Churchgoing among Catholics: An Empirical Enquiry among 8- to 14-year-olds in Australia

Catholic teaching since the time of the Second Vatican Council has emphasised the importance of the home in the nurture of young Catholics (sometimes referred to as ecclesia domestica). Drawing on data from 2,131 young people between the ages of 8 and 14 years who completed surveys while attending Catholic churches as part of the 2016 Australian National Church Life Survey, this study employed multiple regression modelling to examine the effects of parental church attendance (treating mother and fathers separately) and home environment (in terms of family encouragement and religious engagement within the home) on frequency of child church attendance. The data demonstrated that parental church attendance is the strongest predictor. Young Catholics are more likely to attend church frequently if both mother and father come to church a lot. Moreover, after taking parental church attendance into account the home environment adds additional predictive power. Young Catholics are most likely to attend church frequently if both parents attend church and support faith within the home environment through both family encouragement and religious engagement within the home. When parental churchgoing and home environment have been taken into account, the external factors of engaging with online religious resources and of attending a Catholic school add no further positive predictive power in sustaining churchgoing among young Catholics.
Ideal coronary stent: development, characteristics, and vessel size impact

The invasive treatment of coronary artery disease (CAD) has been a well-established therapeutic method for many years. Bare-metal stents (BMS), followed by subsequent generations of drug-eluting stent (DES) implantation in a narrowed coronary artery is the most effective treatment, especially in patients with acute coronary syndromes. Restenosis and stent thrombosis are the most important complications of this method. The long-term results of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) depend not only on the type of the implanted stent, operator skills, but also on the clinical characteristics of the patient, including the size of the treated vessel. In the era of DES, small vessels (< 3 mm) proved to be one of the most important factors significantly worsening the clinical outcomes of PCI. Among the most important features of the stents available on the market, i.e. the type of drug released, the type of polymer and the strut thickness, the latter seems to be crucial, particularly for the treatment of small vessels.
Spike-antibody responses following first and second doses of ChAdOx1 and BNT162b2 vaccines by age, gender, and clinical factors - a prospective community cohort study (Virus Watch)

Background Vaccination constitutes the best long-term solution against Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). Real-world immunogenicity data are sparse, particularly for ChAdOx1 and in populations with chronic conditions; and given the extended dosing interval in the UK, it is also important to understand antibody responses in SARS-CoV-2-naive individuals following a single dose. Methods Adults aged 18+ years from households enrolled in Virus Watch, a prospective community cohort study in England and Wales, provided capillary blood samples and self-reported vaccination status. Primary outcome variables were quantitative Spike total antibody levels (U/ml) and seropositivity to Spike (>=0.8 U/ml), as per the Roche Elecsys Anti-SARS-CoV-2 S assay. Samples seropositive for Nucleocapsid, and samples taken prior to vaccination, were excluded. Outcomes were analysed by days since vaccination, vaccine type (BNT162b2 and ChAdOx1), and a range of self-reported demographic and clinical factors. Results 8,517 vaccinated participants (median age 65 years [IQR: 58, 71]), contributed 13,232 samples (8,115 following ChAdOx1, 5,008 following BNT162b2). Seropositivity to Spike was 96.42% (95%CI 96, 96.79) at 28-34 days following a single dose, reaching 99.08% (97.8, 99.62) at 7-14 days after a second dose. Seropositivity rates, and Spike-antibody levels rose more quickly following the first dose of BNT162b2, however, were equivalent for both vaccines by 4 and 8 weeks, respectively. There was evidence of lower S-antibody levels with increasing age (p=0.0001). In partially vaccinated 65-79 year-olds, lower S-antibody levels were observed in men (25.9 vs 42.3 U/ml, p<0.0001), those with a chronic condition (33.0 vs 41.2 U/ml, p<0.0001), diabetes (22.32 vs 36.01 U/ml, p<0.0001), cardiovascular disease (32.1 vs 36.7 U/ml, p=0.0002), or history of cancer (30.1 vs 35.7 U/ml, p=0.0001), particularly those with haematological rather than solid organ cancer (7.48 vs 31.68 U/ml, p<0.0001), and those currently on immunosuppressive therapy (21.7 vs 35.6 U/ml, p<0.0001). Following a second dose, high S-antibody titres (>=250U/ml) were observed for nearly all individuals. Interpretation A single dose of either BNT162b2 or ChAdOx1 leads to high Spike seropositivity rates in SARS-CoV-2-naive individuals. However, observed disparities in antibody levels after the first dose by vaccine type, age, and comorbidities highlight the importance of ongoing non-pharmaceutical preventative measures such as social distancing, for partially vaccinated adults, particularly those who are older and more clinically vulnerable.
Controller area network reliability: overview of design challenges and safety related perspectives of future transportation systems

The in-vehicular networked control system is among the most critical embedded processes. The controller area network (CAN) has prevailed intra-vehicle communication for decades. Meanwhile, requirements of future transportation systems are expected to emphasise the in-vehicle communication complexity, which endangers the reliability/safety of the intelligent navigation. At first, this study reviews the recent solutions proposed to overcome the CAN expanding complexity. Challenges that tomorrow's intelligent vehicles may raise for CAN reliability are investigated. The comprehensive coverage of current research efforts to remove the impact of these challenges is presented. Further, the in-vehicle system reliability of future automated vehicles is also related to the fault diagnosis performances. Hence, different classes of system-level diagnosis strategies are compared relatively to the requirements of automotive embedded networks. Furthermore, to thoroughly cover CAN reliability engineering issues, focus is given to the automotive validation techniques. The hardware in the loop, real-time analysis and computer-aided-design tools intervene in various phases along the in-vehicular network life cycle. Parameters that stand behind the efficiency and accuracy of these techniques in validating the new generation of vehicles are analysed. The authors finally draw some deductive predictions about the future directions related to the reliability of the intelligent transportation system in-vehicular communication.
Mitigating effect of metformin on polycystic ovarian syndrome and insulin resistance in rats, and the mechanisms involved

Purpose: To study the effect of metformin on polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) and insulin resistance (IR) in rats, and the mechanism involved. Methods: Eighty healthy female SD rats, aged 6 weeks, were selected. Three groups of rats were used: model, metformin + PI3K inhibitor, and metformin groups, with 20/group. Testosterone, leutenizing hormone (LH), and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) were assayed by enzyme-linked assay (ELISA), while HOMA-IR was calculated from fasting blood sugar (FBG); the effect of metformin on the IR of PCOS rats was determined. The expressions of PI3K and AKT in ovaries and liver of rats in each group were assayed by Western blotting. Results: Fasting blood glucose, fasting insulin, and insulin resistance index were markedly higher in model than in control rats, and also significantly higher in inhibitor-treated rats than in metformin rats (p < 0.05). Relative to control, FSH level was higher, while levels of LH, LH/FSH ratio and testosterone in the metformin group were significantly lower (p < 0.05). The expression levels of PI3K and AKT in the ovary and liver were reduced in the inhibitor group, relative to the levels in metformin-treated rats (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Metformin mitigates PCOS-linked ovarian changes and IR in rats via PI3K/AKT route. These findings may be useful in the design of new drugs.
Incidence and Risk Factors for Residual High-Grade Pivot Shift After ACL Reconstruction With or Without a Lateral Extra-articular Tenodesis

Background: Residual rotatory knee laxity at midterm follow-up after isolated anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) versus ACLR with lateral extra-articular tenodesis (LET) remains an issue. Purpose/Hypothesis: To evaluate the outcomes of ACLR with or without additional LET at a minimum 2-year follow-up in patients with preoperative high-grade pivot shift (PS). Our hypothesis was that the addition of LET would decrease the risk of secondary meniscal injury and the presence of residual high-grade PS at follow-up. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: A retrospective analysis performed at 3 sports medicine centers identified 266 study patients; all had a high-grade PS (grade 2 or 3) preoperatively and underwent isolated ACLR with or without LET. Four different ACLR techniques were used: single-strand quadrupled semitendinosus (ST4) ACLR without LET (ST4 group; n = 55), ST4 with anatomic LET (ST4+LET group; n = 77), bone–patellar tendon and modified Lemaire LET (BTB+LET group; n = 43), and quadriceps tendon and modified Lemaire LET (QT+LET group; n = 91). At follow-up, we evaluated for the presence of high-grade (grade ≥2) PS. Preoperative meniscal tears and their treatment were recorded. Results: Overall, 185 (69.5%) patients had at least 1 meniscal tear at index surgery. The mean follow-up period was 44.3 months; 47 (17.7%) patients had a new meniscal tear and 64 (24%) patients had a high-grade PS at follow-up. Compared with meniscal repair, significant predictors for high-grade PS at follow-up were meniscectomy (odds ratio [OR] = 2.65 [95% CI, 1.19-5.63]; P = .02) and nonrepair of preoperative meniscal tear (OR = 3.26 [95% CI, 1.27-9.43]; P = .007). The appearance of a new symptomatic meniscal tear was the strongest significant predictor of high-grade PS at follow-up (OR = 4.31 [95% CI, 2.31-8.06]; P < .001). No significant correlation was observed between the addition of LET and the presence of high-grade PS at follow-up. Conclusion: In the current study, 1 in 4 patients with high-grade PS before ACLR with or without LET was at risk of residual rotatory knee laxity at mean 44-month follow-up, regardless of the technique used. Repairing a pre-existing meniscal lesion was more effective than performing LET to decrease the presence of a high-grade PS at follow-up.
Kinetics of multiple phenolic compounds degradation with a mixed culture in a continuous-flow reactor

A multiple substrate kinetic model was tested to predict the growth of a mixed culture receiving multiple phenolic compounds, Kinetic constants of the model were estimated from the results of initial rate experiments with the mixed culture obtained from a continuous-flow reactor (CFR) at steady state. The suggested model was useful to predict the interactions of substrates on the growth of a mixed culture. In the long-term study using three CFRs with internal cell recycle, 748 to 810 mg/L of influent phenol were completely degraded (hydraulic retention time=36 hours). The addition of dichlorophenol (DCP) and/or pentachlorophenol (PCP) into the phenol feed caused system fluctuation. In a reactor fed phenol and DCP, both compounds were consumed completely, whereas the addition of PCP resulted in incomplete biodegradation of all phenolic compounds. However, the presence of DCP in a feed increased the removal of PCP up to 43%. The growth of the mixed culture on dual- and triple-phenolic compounds was predicted using the model. The long-term exposure of the mixed culture to DCP and/or PCP resulted in decreased maximum growth rates and increased substrate inhibition, perhaps caused by a loss in bacterial species diversity in the mixed culture
Incidence and prognostic significance of pleural effusions in pulmonary arterial hypertension

It has been suggested pleural effusions may develop in right heart failure in the absence of left heart disease. The incidence and prognostic significance of pleural effusions in pulmonary arterial hypertension is uncertain. Patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension followed at our tertiary care center were reviewed. Survival was examined based on the subsequent development of a pleural effusion. A total of 191 patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension met the inclusion criteria. The prevalence of pleural effusions on initial assessment was 7.3%. Among patients without a pleural effusion on initial imaging and at least one follow-up computerized tomography (N = 142), pleural effusion developed in 27.5% (N = 39) of patients. No alternative etiology of the effusion was identified in 19 (48.7%) cases and effusions deemed related to pulmonary arterial hypertension occurred at an incident rate of 38.6 cases per 1000 person-years. Of these, 14 (73.7%) were bilateral, 3 (15.8%) were right-sided, and 2 (10.5%) were left-sided. Effusion size was trace or small in 18 patients (94.7%). Development of a new pleural effusion was associated with attenuated survival in unadjusted survival analysis (HR: 3.80; 95% CI: 1.55–9.31), multivariate analysis (HR: 5.13; 95% CI: 1.86–14.16), and after the multivariate model was adjusted for concomitant pericardial effusion (HR: 4.86; 95% CI: 1.51–15.71). Negative impact on survival remained unchanged when effusions more likely related to an alternative cause were removed from analysis. In conclusion, pleural effusions can complicate pulmonary arterial hypertension in the absence of left heart disease. These effusions are frequently small in size, bilateral in location, and their presence is associated with decreased survival. Attenuated survival appears independent of the risk associated with a new pericardial effusion.
Receptor conversion impacts outcomes of different molecular subtypes of primary breast cancer

Background: Although the conversion of clinically used breast cancer biomarkers such as estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) between primary tumors and metastatic lesions is well recognized, data on whether receptor conversion has an effect on therapy management and survival in patients with metastatic breast cancer is limited. This study aimed to investigate the clinical implications of receptor conversion throughout tumor progression. Methods: In total, 2450 patients diagnosed with metastatic breast cancer in Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital were analyzed and 426 female patients with available biopsy results from both primary and metastatic sites were included in this study. We investigated the alteration of ER, PR and HER2 during breast cancer progression and evaluated the therapy management and prognostic value of receptor conversion. Results: The conversion rates of ER, PR, and HER2 between primary tumors and metastasis were 21.1% (McNemar’s test p < 0.001), 33.2% (p < 0.001), and 11.6% (p = 0.868), respectively. Evaluation of ER, PR, and HER2 status in multiple consecutive metastases revealed a change in 19.1% (p > 0.05), 23.5% (p = 0.021), and 9.8% (p > 0.05) of patients, respectively. Adjuvant therapy (chemotherapy/endocrine therapy) was related to hormone receptor conversion (p < 0.05). A statistically significant differential survival associated with hormone receptor (ER/PR) conversion (log-rank p < 0.05) was observed. In the multivariate analysis, ER conversion was an independent influence factor of survival (p < 0.05). Molecular typing conversion in primary and metastatic lesions also had a significant effect on survival (p < 0.05). We found that changing treatment based on the receptor conversion could affect clinical outcomes (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Our findings indicated that receptor conversion during breast tumor progression had a significant effect on survival. Most importantly, our findings proved that patients with receptor conversion benefited from a change in therapy.
Effectiveness and safety of dimethyl fumarate in progressive multiple sclerosis

Background There is limited data analyzing the safety and effectiveness of dimethyl fumarate (DMF) in the progressive multiple sclerosis (PMS) population. Objective To analyze the safety and effectiveness of DMF in patients with PMS. Methods We used Cox proportional hazards models to compare the time to confirmed worsening and improvement on the Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) and timed 25-foot walk (T25FW) between patients treated with DMF and glatiramer acetate (GA) for at least one year. Results We included 46 patients treated with DMF and 42 patients treated with GA. The safety and tolerability of GA and DMF were consistent with established profiles. There was no difference in confirmed EDSS progression. A trend towards reduced T25FW was seen in the DMF compared to GA after adjustment (HR = 0.86; 95% CI:0.37, 1.98; p = 0.72 and HR = 0.60; 95% CI:0.27, 1.34; p = 0.21, respectively). Conclusion Dimethyl fumarate showed a trend towards reduction in T25FW but no evidence of clinically significant impact on EDSS. The small sample precluded definitive determination.
Outcomes of Arthroscopic Fixation of Unstable Distal Clavicle Fractures: A Systematic Review

Background: Surgical management of unstable distal clavicle fractures (DCFs) remains controversial. Traditional open techniques result in acceptable union rates but are fraught with complications. In response to these limitations, arthroscopic techniques have been developed; however, clinical outcome data are limited. Purpose: The primary purpose was to systematically evaluate the clinical and radiographic outcomes of arthroscopic fixation of unstable DCFs. The secondary purpose was to characterize the overall complication rate, focusing on major complications and subsequent reoperations. Study Design: Systematic review; Level of evidence, 4. Methods: A systematic review of the literature was performed following the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines and included a search of the PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Register of Controlled Trials, EMBASE, and Scopus databases. English-language studies between 2008 and 2019 that reported on outcomes of patients with DCFs who underwent operative fixation using an arthroscopic or arthroscopically assisted surgical technique were included. Data consisted of patient characteristics, fracture type, surgical technique, concomitant injuries, union rates, functional outcomes, and complications. Results: A total of 15 studies consisting of 226 DCFs treated using an arthroscopically based technique were included in the systematic review. The majority of fractures were classified as Neer type II. Most (97%) of the fractures underwent arthroscopic fixation using a cortical button coracoclavicular stabilization surgical technique. Bony union was reported in 94.1% of the fractures. Good to excellent outcomes were recorded in most patients at the final follow-up. The Constant-Murley score was the most widely used functional outcome score; the pooled mean Constant score was 93.06 (95% CI, 91.48-94.64). Complications were reported in 14 of the 15 studies, and the overall complication rate was 27.4%. However, only 12% of these were considered major complications, and only 6% required a reoperation for hardware-related complications. Conclusion: Arthroscopic fixation of DCFs resulted in good functional outcomes with union rates comparable to those of traditional open techniques. While the overall complication profile was similar to that of other described techniques, there was a much lower incidence of major complications, including hardware-related complications and reoperations.