Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Emergency Medical System using ML

We all know that automobile industries have achieved their success in creating autonomous driving systems and we can see them exist in our daily life. Have you ever wondered how the safety features would be? So, what will happen if your health goes down to critical condition while travelling in an autonomous vehicle? You will be moving to the fixed destination with the critical condition you are facing. This problem can be solved by our method of approaching the system on how autonomous cars work. In the existing scenario autonomous cars are considered to be the safest way of transportation. But it has its own limitations. Despite all the hype, fully autonomous vehicles are not yet offered to the general public on a commercial basis. In specific geographic locations, people can be travelling in these automobiles on occasion. Nevertheless, mastery these car's technology has proven to be very expensive, and it took a lot longer than intended to go out to more people.
A Stakeholder Resource-based View of Corporate Social Irresponsibility: Evidence from China

Following stakeholder resource-based theory (SRBT), we conceptualize the value relevance of corporate social irresponsibility (CSI) based on the bargaining power that stakeholders possess regarding firms’ inputs and revenue generations. Accordingly, we classify the stakeholders into residual claimants (i.e. customers, shareholders) and fixed claimants (i.e. employees, environment). Using a curated news database to measure CSI in China, we find that CSI episodes alienating residual claimants’ stakeholders lead to greater shareholder value destruction. In line with the stakeholder salience, we also find that the adverse effect of CSI is stronger under higher legitimate the government concerns, more urgent the CSI episodes and more powerful the news source disclosing the CSI episodes. CSI episodes alienating employees with high urgency also brought an underperformance.
Effect of Changes in Zinc and Phytic Acid Content in Maize under Various Processes on Bioavailability of Zinc

Maize (Zea mays L.) “Queen of cereal” is one of the most important cereals of the world and provides more human food than any other cereals. It is the third most important crop after rice and wheat cultivated in the world. It provides nutrients for humans and animals and serves as a basic raw material for the production of starch, oil, protein, alcoholic beverages, food sweetners and more recently fuel. Generally, maize is consumed in human food in the form of roti, sattu, dalia etc. prepared from maize after application of processing methods like drying and roasting. In India, over 85 percent of the maize production is used as food. The major part of maize as human food is being consumed as roti from flour which is prepared by grinding raw/roasted maize.
A structural model of coronavirus behaviour for testing on data behaviour

ABSTRACT We fit the logistic function, the reduced form of epidemic behaviour, to the data for deaths from Covid-19, for a wide variety of countries, with a view to estimating a causal model of the Covid virus’ progression. We then set up a structural model of the Covid virus behaviour based on evolutionary biology and social household behaviour; we estimated and tested this by indirect inference, matching its simulated logistic behaviour to that found in the data. In our model, the virus’ progression depends on the interaction of strategies by household agents, the government and the virus itself as programmed by evolution. Within these interactions, it turns out that there is substitution between government topdown direction (such as lockdown) and social reaction to available information on the virus’ behaviour. We also looked at the experience of second waves, where we found that countries successfully limited second waves when they had had longer first waves and followed policies of localized reaction in the second.
Selective maintenance of multiple CRISPR arrays across prokaryotes

Prokaryotes are under nearly constant attack by viral pathogens. To protect against this threat of infection, bacteria and archaea have evolved a wide array of defense mechanisms, singly and in combination. While immune diversity in a single organism likely reduces the chance of pathogen evolutionary escape, it remains puzzling why many prokaryotes also have multiple, seemingly redundant, copies of the same type of immune system. Here, we focus on the highly flexible CRISPR adaptive immune system, which is present in multiple copies in a surprising 28% of the prokaryotic genomes in RefSeq. We use a comparative genomics approach looking across all prokaryotes to demonstrate that, on average, organisms are under selection to maintain more than one CRISPR array. We hypothesize that a tradeoff between memory span and learning speed could select for both “long-term memory” and “short-term memory” CRISPR arrays, and we go on to develop a mathematical model to show that such a tradeoff could, in theory, lead to selection for multiple arrays.
Combining Citizen Science and Deep Learning to Amplify Expertise in Neuroimaging

Research in many fields has become increasingly reliant on large and complex datasets. “Big Data” holds untold promise to rapidly advance science by tackling new questions that cannot be answered with smaller datasets. While powerful, research with Big Data poses unique challenges, as many standard lab protocols rely on experts examining each one of the samples. This is not feasible for large-scale datasets because manual approaches are time-consuming and hence difficult to scale. Meanwhile, automated approaches lack the accuracy of examination by highly trained scientists and this may introduce major errors, sources of noise, and unforeseen biases into these large and complex datasets. Our proposed solution is to 1) start with a small, expertly labelled dataset, 2) amplify labels through web-based tools that engage citizen scientists, and 3) train machine learning on amplified labels to emulate expert decision making. As a proof of concept, we developed a system to quality control a large dataset of three-dimensional magnetic resonance images (MRI) of human brains. An initial dataset of 200 brain images labeled by experts were amplified by citizen scientists to label 722 brains, with over 80,000 ratings done through a simple web interface. A deep learning algorithm was then trained to predict data quality, based on a combination of the citizen scientist labels that accounts for differences in the quality of classification by different citizen scientists. In an ROC analysis (on left out test data), the deep learning network performed as well as a state-of-the-art, specialized algorithm (MRIQC) for quality control of T1-weighted images, each with an area under the curve of 0.99. Finally, as a specific practical application of the method, we explore how brain image quality relates to the replicability of a well established relationship between brain volume and age over development. Combining citizen science and deep learning can generalize and scale expert decision making; this is particularly important in emerging disciplines where specialized, automated tools do not already exist.
A survey on anxiety status in patients over 60 years old from one community health service center in Shanghai

Objective To investigate the prevalence and related risk factors of anxiety symptoms in elderly patients from one community health service center in Shanghai. Methods Patients aged 60 to 85 years visiting Kongjiang Community Health Service Center from August to December of 2016 were included in the survey. The patients were evaluated with Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale-7 (GAD-7), Sociodemographic and Health-related Variables Questionnaire, Mental Health Knowledge Scale and Lubben Social Network Scale-6(LSNS-6). Results Total 2 006 questionnaires were distributed and 1 981 valid questionnaires were returned with a recovery rate of 98.75%. The overall GAD-7 score was 0(0, 2), and 13.5% (267/1 981) participants had positive anxiety symptoms. Multivariate logistic analysis showed that 6 variables were related to anxiety symptoms, including educational background, exercise frequency, percentage of medical costs over total household expenses, life satisfaction, the amount of chronic somatic disease, mental health knowledge awareness (P<0.05). Conclusion The prevalence of anxiety symptoms in the study population is relatively high. Anxiety symptoms are associated with multiple factors, to which the attentions should be paid. Key words: Anxiety; Community health center; Aged
Evaluation of Feed Restriction on Growth Performance, Haematological Parameters and Carcass Traits of Broiler Chicken

The experiment was conducted at Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University Poultry Farm for 4 weeks to find out the effect of feed restriction (FR) on growth performance, haematological parameters and carcass traits of broiler chicken. After one week of common brooding, 150 broiler chicks were equally and randomly divided into 5 treatments and each treatment was further sub-divided 3 times consisting of 10 chicks per replicate. The FR of dietary treatments were applied at 4, 7, 10, 13 and 0% (control group) designated as T1, T2, T3, T4 and T5 respectively. The results obtained showed that control groups (fed ad libitum) consumed significantly (P<0.05) the highest feed (2191 g) than those in FR groups. However, the live weight (LW) was significantly (P< 0.05) highest under 4% FR group. The control group significantly (P < 0.05) had the poorest Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR) (1.31), while the best feed efficiency (FE) (1.20) was found in broilers under 13% FR. Cholesterol levels were not affected (P>0.05) significantly by FR application, but significant (P<0.05) difference Original Research Article Rubel and Beg; AJRAVS, 2(1): 1-9, 2018; Article no.AJRAVS. 43401 2 was recorded in case of glucose and haemoglobin values across the FR treated groups. 13% FR group showed the lowest value of glucose (158 mg/dl) than other FR groups and control group. This study revealed that FR decreases blood glucose level, while the blood haemoglobin level was found to be significantly (P<0.05) highest in 10% FR group (15.2 g/dl) and lowest in control group (13.17 g/dl). It was observed that the major haematological parameters of FR were similar compared to the 0% FR group. The Benefit Cost Ratio (BCR) was significantly (P<0.05) affected by FR treatments. The BCR of 4% FR group ranked the best (1.55) followed by 7 and 10% (1.51), 13% (1.50) and control (1.45). In addition, all the FR groups are economically benefited due to lower feed cost than the control group. This study showed that 4% FR would be potentially beneficial for broiler production without compromising the productivity in the local condition of Bangladesh.
How do crops manipulate water supply and demand?

The supply of water provided by the root system of a crop stand is defined in terms of the rate at which water is extracted by a root front moving downwards with a constant velocity, the available water per unit soil volume, and a time constant that is inversely proportional to root density. The demand for water, often identified with a potential transpiration rate, is defined in terms of a maximum crop growth rate multiplied by the conservative ratio of transpiration to dry-matter production. From experimental evidence, supported by theory, this ratio is proportional to the mean saturation vapour-pressure deficit. As hypothesized, the root front accelerates during seedling establishment to keep demand and supply in balance. Once a maximum root velocity is reached ( ca. 2-4 cm d-1) transpiration is limited by water supply, except when the soil behind the root front is wetted by rain or irrigation, when it is limited by demand. Irrigation amounts and timing can both be estimated from this scheme.
VALUE CHAIN COSTING CAPABILITY AND FIRM PERFORMANCE: AN EMPIRICAL INVESTIGATION OF ELECTRONIC AND ELECTRICAL APPLIANCE BUSINESSES IN THAILAND

Abstract The main purpose of this research is to examine the effects of value chain costing capability on firm performance. Data were collected by using a questionnaire survey from 152 accounting managers from electronic and electrical appliance businesses in Thailand. Network theory is applied to explain the relationship between determined variables; and the ordinary least squares (OLS) regression analysis was used for hypothesis testing. It was found in the study that cost competitiveness influenced firm performance, especially on expenditure monitoring report; and cost reduction competency highly influenced cost competitiveness. As a result, managers should support the business operation by auditing the follow-up reports of expenditures and by improving competency for cost reduction in order to obtain competitive advantages and effective performance in the future. Keyword: value chain costing capability, cost competitiveness, firm performance
Characteristics of a new variant of rabbit haemorrhagic disease virus – RHDV2

RHD (Rabbit Haemorrhagic Disease) is an etiologic agent that causes viral haemorrhagic disease of rabbits, which is also referred to as rabbit plague. The desire to explore knowledge about this pathogen in the world results not only from its similarity to human hemorrhagic fevers, for which RHDV can be considered as a good research model. It is also important that with myxomatosis, rabbit plague is the most severe viral disease of these animals. Describing the classic RHDV virus, followed by RHDVa, which is considered the first described antigenic variant of the RHD virus, allowed to become familiar with the information that until now constituted the basic building block of the control of viral haemorrhagic disease of rabbits in the world. However, the attributes of RHDV2, characterized only in 2010, differ significantly from the specifics of RHDV strains known to date. What’s more, the global expansion of this pathogen has significantly changed the RHD image, the methods of its identification, control and eradication. The completely changed face of the virus that causes rabbit plague causes that the belief about full supervision over RHD is now obsolete.
Psychological Empowerment through SHGs: Influence of Selected Demographic Factors

The motive of the research was focused on the Self-help groups of Stree Shakthi Scheme members on psychological empowerment of selected demographic factors. In this study an attempt was made to assess whether self-help groups influence women members in increasing their confidence level and communication skills. Further, if the schemes enable the members to take on new challenges in the life. Primary data was collected from a structured questionnaire using quota sampling. The sample size was351 respondents who were selected though quota sampling from Stree Shakthi Scheme members from 2 districts of Karnataka State. Data was analysed using both descriptive and inferential statistics. The results revealed that Scheme employed had a significant impact on the improving psychological empowerment of members. Further, demographic variables such as age, experience, and loan availed significantly influenced the psychological empowerment of the SHG members. However, other factors like number of children, income, and education of SHG members did not have significant influence over increasing psychological empowerment. The inferences are favourable for the policy decisions, and they can study other schemes for psychological perspective.
Bambara groundnut (Vigna subterranean) from Mpumalanga province of South Africa: phytochemical and antimicrobial properties of seeds and product extracts

Bambara groundnut an indigenous legume cultivated in Sub-Saharan Africa has been proclaimed to have medicinal properties from communities and in rural areas. However, there is not enough scientific information to validate these claims. Therefore, this study aimed to identify possible medicinal properties in Bambara groundnut, whereby analysing the phytochemical properties of Bambara groundnut (Vigna subterranea) (whole, dehulled and hull) seed extracts from Mpumalanga province within South Africa. The BGN extracts from sovents 70% methanol, 70% ethanol and milli-Q water were screened for the presence of certain phytochemicals, specifically alkaloids, flavonoids, phenols, riboflavin and thiamine using analytical laboratory methods for basic screening, and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and gas chromatography (GC) for quantification. Flavonoids and phenols were highly concentrated in the red and brown hulls of BGN compared to whole and dehulled BGN. Organic solvents in comparison to water yielded the highest concentration of flavonoids, whilst water yielded the highest concentration for phenols. Flavonoid compounds that were detected at the highest concentrations were rutin (24.458 ± 0.234 mg.g, brown hull extracted with 70% methanol), quercetin (0.070 ± 0.043 mg.g, red hull extracted with 70% methanol), kaempferol (0.391 ± 0.161 mg.g; brown hull extracted with 70% ethanol) and myricetin (1.800 ± 0.771 mg.g; red hull extracted with 70% methanol). For phenolic compounds, gallic acid (0.009 ± 0.004 mg.g; brown hull extracted with milli-Q water), catechin (0.026 ± 0.041 mg.g; brown hull extracted with milli-Q water), methyl gallate (0.008 ± 0.013 mg.g; brown whole extracted with milli-Q water), chlorogenic acid (0.115 ± 0.199 mg.g; brown hull extracted with milli-Q water) and ellagic acid (0.105 ± 0.082 mg.g; red hull extracted with milli-Q water) were detected. Vitamins B1 and B2 (riboflavin and thiamine) were mostly present in milli-Q water extracts. Black-eye hull had the highest concentration of thiamine (vitamin B1) and riboflavin (vitamin B2) consisting of 0.072 mg.g -1 (extracted with milli-Q water) and 0.002 mg.g (extracted with 70% ethanol and 70% methanol). GC-MS analysis showed the presence of alkaloid compounds (e.g. 9-Octadecenamide, (Z)-, ethanol 1-methoxybenzoate, 1-Monolinoleoylglycerol trimethylsilyl and ether butylated hydroxytoluene), with potential to act as antimicrobial agents and antioxidants.
Bioactive Compounds and Antihypertensive Activity of Extracts of Hibiscus sabdariffa L

Introduction: systemic arterial hypertension (SAH) is the main risk factor for the developing of cardiovascular disease, which the leading cause of death worldwide. One of the best ways to control blood pressure (BP) levels is the combination of lifestyle changes and drug therapy. However, pharmacotherapy is expensive and produces adverse reactions. Thus, it is necessary to find cheap, safe and effective alternative treatments. Hibiscus sabdariffa L. (HS) is a plant that is traditionally used in some countries to treat SAH, which has given rise to various investigations to determine their compounds and their antihypertensive activity. Aim: the present article aims at reviewing the reports that support the antihypertensive activity of extracts from HS in animal and human models Conclusions: the information collected from scientific literature suggests that HS extracts have antihypertensive effects in animals and humans, especially in early stages; however, more studies in advanced stages of hypertension are needed.
Salt Tolerance and Growth of 13 Avocado Rootstocks Related Best to Chloride Uptake

Avocado (Persea americana Mill.) is one of the most salt-sensitive crops and one of the highest value crops per acre. In the United States, avocados are grown primarily in California, in regions experiencing both scarcity of freshwater and salinization of available water supplies. Thus, our objectives were to evaluate avocado rootstocks for salt tolerance and evaluate the relationship between leaf ion concentrations, trunk diameter, leaf burn, and fruit yield. Our field experiment evaluated the salt tolerance of the Hass scion grafted onto 13 different avocado rootstocks using the Brokaw clonal rootstock technique. The experiment consisted of 156 trees arranged in a randomized complete block design with six replications of each saline [electrical conductivity (EC) = 1.5 dS·m–1, Cl– = 4.94 mmol·L–1] and nonsaline (EC= 0.65 dS·m–1, Cl– = 0.73 mmol·L–1) irrigation water treatment. We collected soil samples and leaves, then analyzed them for major ions. The rootstocks R0.06, R0.07, PP14, and R0.17, which had high concentrations of Cl and Na in the leaves, were the least salt tolerant, with 100% mortality in the rows irrigated with saline water for 23 months. The rootstocks R0.05, PP40, R0.18, and Dusa, which had low concentrations of Cl ions in the fully expanded leaves, were least affected by salinity, and these rootstocks exhibited the greatest yields, largest trunk diameters, and greatest survival percentages in the saline treatment. Yield and growth parameters correlated well with leaf Cl concentration, but not Na, indicating that salt damage in avocado is primarily a result of Cl ion toxicity. Under arid inland environments, no variety performed satisfactorily when irrigated with an EC = 1.5 dS·m–1 water (Cl– = 4.94 mmol·L–1). However, the more tolerant varieties survived at soil salinity levels that would apparently be fatal to varieties reported earlier in the literature.
Toxicity and Genotoxicity of five pyrolytic Bio-Oils produced from Wood, measured as Root Growth Inhibition and DNA Double-Strand Breaks in Allium cepa

Pyrolytic bio-oil is considered as a potential renewable energy resource that might replace fossil fuels in the future. Chemically, bio-oils are highly complex mixtures consisting of several hundred different compounds, formed during anaerobic thermal degradation of biomass. Several of the compounds are known to exert both toxic and genotoxic effects on living organisms. Genotoxic compounds include polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), furan and catechol, while various acids, alcohols, aldehydes, ketones and phenols are associated with the toxic properties. So far, only a handful of previous studies have assessed the toxicological effects of bio-oils in living organisms, and contradictory results point of the need to perform more studies to elucidate the harmfulness of bio-oils. The aim of this masters project was thus to evaluate the toxic properties and the genotoxic potential of five bio-oils made from different feedstock species of wood (beech, pine, poplar, spruce, unspecified wood). Toxicity and genotoxicity were respectively measured as root growth inhibition and DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs), in the in vivo Allium cepa test system. The hypotheses were: 1. Small differences in chemical composition or concentration of bio-oils may cause highly different toxicological responses in A. cepa, 2. It might be possible to identify differences in chemical composition influencing the toxicological effect of bio-oils by comparing the results with provided chemical data. The results for toxicity showed that the five bio-oils caused a significant reduction in onion root growth with increasing concentrations. The toxic effect varied between the different bio-oils, and was ranked in the following order, according to the obtained EC50-values: Pine > Beech > Wood > Poplar > Spruce. The obtained results for measurement of DNA DSBs indicated that bio-oils produced from fast pyrolysis of wood can cause severe DNA damage at concentrations of about 0.0004 ml bio-oil/ml solution and higher. The different feedstock species of wood applied in the pyrolysis process, may also affect the genotoxic potential of the bio-oils. The provided chemical data did not explain the observed toxic or genotoxic effect very well, but differences in specific chemical composition were observed, which might have caused the difference in toxicological response. Considering that further upgrade of bio-oils is needed to obtain applicable bio-oils, the toxicological effects of the finished upgraded products is likely to be altered compared to the effects seen for the crude bio-oils. Further studies should thus focus on the upgraded bio-oil products, as these are most likely to be of environmental concern in the future.