Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Ecophysiological traits of a clonal grass in its climate change response

Background Understanding the ability of species to respond to climate change is essential for prediction of their future distribution. When migration is not adequate, reaction via phenotypic plasticity or genetic adaptation is necessary. While many studies investigated the importance of plasticity and genetic differentiation (plant origin) in growth related traits, we know less about differentiation in ecophysiological traits. In addition, the existing studies looking at plant physiology usually do not estimate the consequences of these physiological changes for species performance. Methods We used a clonal grass Festuca rubra originating from localities representing factorially crossed gradients of temperatures and precipitations. We cultivated the plants in growth chambers set to simulate temperature and moisture regime in the four most extreme localities. We measured net photosynthetic rate, chlorophyll fluorescence, SLA, osmotic potential, stomatal density and stomatal length as range of ecophysiological traits and tested their relationship to plant fitness measured as ramet number and biomass. Key results We found strong phenotypic plasticity in photosynthetic traits and genetic differentiation in stomatal traits. In most traits, the effects of temperature interacted with the effects of moisture. The relationship between the ecophysiological and fitness-related traits was significant but weak. Conclusions Ecophysiological response of Festuca rubra to climate change is driven by phenotypic plasticity as well as by genetic differentiation indicating potential ability of the populations to adapt to new climatic conditions. The changes in ecophysiological traits translate into plant fitness even though other unmeasured factors also play an important role in fitness determination. Inclusion of species ecophysiology into studies of species adaptation to climate can still increase our ability to understand how species may respond to novel conditions.
EXPLORING ENVIRONMENTAL KUZNETS CURVE. AN INVESTIGATION ON EU ECONOMIES

Designing and implementing relevant and effective environmental policies and fostering green and environmental-friendly approaches and behaviors are constant aims for policy makers all over the world. Concurrently, implementing environmental policies involves significant economic and financial efforts, in order to repair environmental damage and to prevent future negative environmental consequences. How effective are the environmental expenditures and how are they related to the economic growth, i.e. the GDP level, are issues of major concern at a governmental level. In this article we are examining the relation between GDP and environmental expenditure, by using statistical data available for EU economies, for the time period 1995−2013. We found that the Environmental Kuznets Curve hypothesis is supported in most of the EU economies, both for government environmental protection and specialized providers, public and private environmental protection. Further and deeper analyses performed showed different situations for specific countries and even a negative relation between GDP and government environmental protection for specific cases.
Base Deficit as an Indicator of Significant Blunt Abdominal Trauma

Background : Blunt abdominal trauma (BAT) is an important cause of morbidity and mortality among trauma patients. Base deficit (BD) has been proposed as an early available tool alongside focused assessment with sonography for trauma (FAST) in the screening of patients suspected to have BAT and also to help guide the selective use of CT scan. Objective : To determine the use of BD as an indicator of significant BAT. Methods : This was an observational study carried out at the Kenyatta National Hospital from February to May 2015. Patient with suspected BAT admitted into Accident & Emergency were enrolled. Data collected included clinical assessment, BD, FAST findings, CT-scan, and laparotomy were recorded. Data was analyzed using SPSS 17.0. Comparison of mean values of BD between different groups of patients (discharged from A&E, managed conservatively or operated) was performed using ANOVA. Results : Patients who had significant abdominal injury had sensitivity and specificity of 82.98% and 65.91 % respectively at BD of -4.15. The PPV and NPV were 56.52% and 87.88 % respectively. At this cut-off point, AUC was 0.863 (p=0.037). Conclusion : Due to high NPV, BD could rule out significant abdominal injuries but can also predict need for exploratory laparotomy when less than -6.85. Key words: Base deficit, Blunt abdominal trauma, Predictor.
Numerical Modelling of the Seismic Performance of Romanian Traditional Timber-Framed Buildings

Traditional architecture made of timber-framed masonry (TFM) system is widespread around the world and has already been recognized as a unique cultural heritage to be preserved. These structures have shown a good seismic performance compared to other typologies because their configuration and construction details were constantly updated as soon as the builders addressed the causes of damage mechanisms when earthquakes occurred. Regarding this typology, Romanian TFM structures can be considered a representative example also because they experienced several seismic events showing their good earthquake-resistance. Although these buildings are still constructed and inhabited nowadays, no recommendation is provided in the Romanian building code and its structural behaviour is not properly characterized yet. Bearing in mind that the building’s global response depends on many parameters such as the performance of its structural elements and their interaction, the calibration of shear walls is crucial to define the non-linear behaviour under cyclic loading. A simplified modelling strategy was chosen to simulate TFM wall response consisting of an equivalent frame with linear elastic elements and non-linearities
Training habits, motivation, quality of life and sport injuries in 12 to 15 years old basketball players

Background: Previous studies of basketball injury have not been able to compare injury incidence and risk with their healthy habits. Purpose: To determine rates and risks of injury in Spanish boys and girls basketball players. Study Type: Descriptive epidemiology study. Methods: A survey was carried out on injuries produced in basketball players during the seasons 2006-07, 2007-08 and 2008-09, which included their type, incidence and treatment. There took part 217 players - 12 to years old -. They were given a questionnaire related to habits and sports injuries and the SF-36 v2 Health Questionnaire. Results: The injuries took place both while competition and training, being ankle sprain the most frequent injury in both cases. After ankle sprain; the prevailing injuries were sprain - luxation of the fingers and knee sprain. Most of the players who got injured were the base, the forward, and the guard. A 53 % had suffered some injury in the last three seasons, being falling off the most frequent cause. The incidence of injuries out of every 1000 hours of exhibition found in the study is 1.39. There have been found significant differences in the exposure to injuries at the outcome of skill circuits at Interval Training work during training hours. The mental component is an important factor to be considered in all caused injuries.
Switch of fungal to bacterial degradation in natural, drained and rewetted oligotrophic peatlands reflected in δ15N and fatty acid composition

Abstract. For centuries European peatlands have been degrading along with drainage, land use and climate changes. Increasing pressure on peatland ecosystems calls for a more cost-efficient method to indicate the current state of peatlands and the success of restoration efforts. Metabolic pathways in peatland soils are imprinted in stable isotope compositions due to differences in microorganism communities and their metabolic pathways. Therefore, we hypothesize that depth profiles of nitrogen stable isotope values provide a promising opportunity to detect peatland decomposition or restoration. We studied five peatlands, namely Degerö Stormyr (northern Sweden), Lakkasuo (central Finland) and three mires in the Black Forest (southern Germany). At all locations, cores were taken from adjacent drained (or rewetted) and natural sites to identify δ15N trends that could indicate changes due to drainage and restoration. At all drained (and rewetted) sites we found a distinct peak (“turning point”) of the δ15N values in the center of the drained horizon. We did a fatty acids (FAs) analysis to link our results to microbial community composition. As markers, we distinguished between one fungal-derived FA (C18:2ω9c) and four bacterial-derived FAs. For bacteria, we looked for one general bacterial-derived FA (C14:0), two FAs for gram-positive bacteria (i-C15:0; a-C15:0), and one FA for gram-negative bacteria (C16:1ω9c). In accordance with other studies, our results suggest that fungi dominate the microbial metabolism in the upper aerobic peat horizon. This is reflected by depleted δ15N values. Moving downwards, the drained horizon conditions slowly switch to oxygen limitation. Consequently, fungal-derived FAs decrease whereas bacterial-derived FAs rise. The highest diversity of microbial-derived FAs is indicated by the δ15N turning point. Below the δ15N turning point, oxygen is increasingly limited and concentrations of all microbial-derived FAs are decreasing down to the onset of the permanently waterlogged anaerobic horizon. Peatland cores with restoration successes again show, above the formerly drained horizon, no depth trend of the isotopic values. Hence, we conclude that δ15N stable isotope values reflect microbial community composition, which differs between drained and natural peatlands.
Evolution of the Velocity Structure in the Diurnal Warm Layer

The daily formation of near-surface ocean stratification caused by penetrating solar radiation modifies heat fluxes through the air–sea interface, turbulence dissipation in the mixed layer, and the vertical profile of lateral transport. The transport is altered because momentum from wind is trapped in a thin near-surface layer, the diurnal warm layer. We investigate the dynamics of this layer, with particular attention to the vertical shear of horizontal velocity. We first develop a quantitative link between the near-surface shear components that relates the crosswind component to the inertial turning of the along-wind component. Three days of high-resolution velocity observations confirm this relation. Clear colocation of shear and stratification with Richardson numbers near 0.25 indicate marginal instability. Idealized numerical modeling is then invoked to extrapolate below the observed wind speeds. This modeling, together with a simple energetic scaling analysis, provides a rule of thumb that the diurnal shear evolves differently above and below a 2 m s−1 wind speed, with limited sensitivity of this threshold to latitude and mean net surface heat flux. Only above this wind speed is the energy input sufficient to overcome the stabilizing buoyancy flux and thereby induce marginal instability. The differing shear regimes explain differences in the timing and magnitude of diurnal sea surface temperature anomalies.
Mothers' knowledge on essential newborn care at Juba Teaching Hospital, South Sudan.

Introduction : Globally neonatal mortality remains high and in South Sudan is estimated at 52/1000 live births. Objective : To identify the gaps in the knowledge and practices of essential newborn care among postnatal mothers at Juba Teaching Hospital and to determine the socio-demographic factors that influenced these. Methodology : A hospital-based cross-sectional study among 384 postnatal mothers using consecutive sampling, a pretested questionnaire to assess knowledge and a three point Likert scale to find out to which practices mothers did, or did not, agree. Results : 45% of mothers were aged between 25-34 years; 23.9% had some secondary school education; 70% were multiparous and 82% had attended an antenatal care clinic. 90% knew about breastfeeding on demand and 74% about exclusive breastfeeding. Only 18.2% of mothers knew the cord should be cared for while uncovered; 90% used warm clothing and 33% kangaroo care for thermoregulation. Only 20.8% identified BCG and OPV as birth vaccines; 3.4% believed vaccines were harmful. Hypothermia was the danger sign least frequently identified by the mothers (41.4%). Conclusion : Adequate knowledge was found regarding breastfeeding with knowledge gaps existing in cord care, immunization, eye care and thermoregulation. Positive practice was found concerning breastfeeding, cord care, eye care and immunization. Socio-demographic factors were not found to be associated with maternal knowledge on newborn care. Key Words : Essential newborn care, Immunization, South Sudan
Dynamic capabilities, human capital and service innovation: the case of Taiwan ICT industry

ABSTRACT This study focuses on the influence of dynamic capabilities (DCs) on service innovation and further examines the mediating effects of generic and specific human capital on the relationship between DCs and service innovation. 225 questionnaires were collected from paired cases (IT and sales departments) of information and communication technology (ICT) companies in Taiwan. The results from an analysis using PLS showed that DCs have a positive effect on service innovation, as well as generic and specific human capital. Moreover, generic and specific human capital play mediating roles in the relationships between DCs and service innovation. This study contributes towards gaps by empirically examining the mediating effects of fostering and deploying generic and specific human capital on services innovation, thus providing IT and sales managers with a better account of how services innovation comes about within dynamic environments.
Biopsychosocial Factors Associated with Mental Retardation in Children Aged 6-17 Years in Tulungagung District, East Java

Background : According to WHO, 15% of the world population, or 785 million people, suffer mental or physical disorders. Mental retardation is a serious problem socially and medically. Mental retardation affects child development in various forms: physical, self-care, communication, social, emotional, and mental. The objective of this study was to determine biopsychosocial factors associated with mental retardation in children aged 6-17 years. Subje cts and Method : This study was observational analytic with case control design. It was conducted at Kauman and Tulungangung community health centers in Tulungangung District, East Java, from April to May, 2017. A sample of 100 parents of children aged 6 to 17 years old were selected for this study by fixed disease sampling. This sample consisted of 25 parents of children with mental retardation and 75 parents of children without mental retardation. Children with mental retardation were identified and sampled at a disability special school in Tulungagung, East Java. The dependent variable was mental retardation. The independent variables were prenatal history, perinatal history, maternal stress during pregnancy, maternal education, and family income. The data were collected by a pre-tested questionnaire. Maternal stress was measured by Holmes and Rahe stress scale. The data was analyzed by path analysis. Results : Mental retardation was directly associated with prenatal history (b= 1.17; 95%Â­ CI= 0.65 to 2.27; p= 0.038), perinatal history (b=Â­ 1.41;Â­ 95% CI= 0.87 to 2.73; p= 0.037), and maternal stress during pregnancy (b= 1.84; 95% CI = 0.59 to 3.09; p= 0.004). Prenatal history was associated with maternal education (b= -1.16; 95% CI= -2.17 to -0.15; p= 0.025) and maternal stress during pregnancy (b= 1.48; 95% CI= 0.43 to 2.54; p= 0.006). maternal stress during pregnancy was associated with maternal education (b= -1.65; 95% CI= 2.62 to -0.69; p=0.001) and family income (b=-1.35; 95% CI= 2.29 to -0.41; p=0.005). Family income was associated with maternal education (b= 1.70; 95% CI=Â­Â­ 0.82 to 2.57; p<0.001). Conclusion : Mental retardation is directly associated with prenatal history, perinatal history, and maternal stress during pregnancy. K eywords : mental retardation, biopsychosocial factors, children Correspondence:Â Yani Ikawati. Masters Program in Public Health, Sebelas Maret University, Jl. Ir. Sutami 36 A, SuÂ­raÂ­karÂ­ta, Central Java. Â Email: yaniikawati@gmail.com. Mobile: +6285655730050. Journal of Epidemiology and Publich Health (2017), 2(2): 119-129 https://doi.org/10.26911/jepublichealth.2017. 02.02. 03
European Standard Series Patch Test Results in Contact Dermatitis Patients in a Tertiary Care Hospital

Objectives: Sensitization of allergens varies among societies and also it is influenced by various factors, such as age and gender. It may even change over the years. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the patch test results in patients with contact dermatitis (CD) in our center. Methods: European standard series patch test results of patients with CD between 2017 and 2018 were evaluated retrospectively. Results: Of the 135 patients, 65 (48.1%) were males, 70 (51.9%) were females. The mean age of patients was 41.43±14.26 (11-78) years. In 78 (57.8%) patients, a positive reaction against at least one allergen was detected. The most common allergens were nickel sulfate (27.4%), potassium dichromate (14.8%), cobalt chloride (11.9%), textile dye mix (8.1%), fragrance mix i, ii (6.7%) and balsam of Peru (4.4%). The sensitization of nickel sulfate was higher in females and sensitization of cobalt chloride and potassium dichromate in males (p=0.03, 0.05, 0.03, respectively). In the multivariate logistic regression analysis, age was independently related to a positive reaction against at least one allergen. Conclusion: Nickel sulfate, potassium dichromate, cobalt chloride and textile dye mix were the most common allergens. Legal regulations should be made to decrease exposure to allergens.
Pengembangan E-Modul Interaktif Berbasis Android Menggunakan Sigil Software pada Materi Listrik Dinamis

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan media pembelajaran e-modul interaktif berbasis android menggunakan Sigil Software materi listrik dinamis. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah Research and Development (R&D) menggunakan model ADDIE (Analyze – Design – Development – Implementation – Evaluation). Media pembelajaran E-Modul Interaktif Berbasis Android ini dapat digunakan secara offline yang didesain dan dikembangkan dengan menggunakan Sigil Software yang dapat mengkonversi file word menjadi file berekstensi ePub. Media ini terdiri dari peta konsep, uraian materi, video pembelajaran, virlab, penugasan, latihan soal dan uji kompetensi secara interaktif yang dikemas sedemikian rupa agar siswa dapat lebih aktif dalam proses pembelajaran di kelas. Media yang dikembangkan ini telah divalidasi oleh ahli media, ahli materi pembelajaran dan guru fisika. Hasil validasi ahli media menunjukkan 87,30% (Sangat Baik), hasil validasi ahli materi menunjukkan 86,15% (Sangat Baik) dan hasil tanggapan guru fisika meliputi seluruh aspek materi dan multimedia menunjukkan 87,00% (Sangat Baik) serta tanggapan siswa sebesar 91,67% (Sangat Baik). Jadi media pembelajaran e e-modul interaktif berbasis android menggunakan Sigil Software materi listrik dinamis layak digunakan sebagai media pembelajaran pada pokok bahasan listrik dinamis.
Prevalence of Rotavirus at Kenyatta National Hospital among children under 5 years of age presenting with gastroenteritis

Introduction: Diarrhea has been one of the principal causes of death and the major cause of diarrhea is rotavirus. The global mortality caused by rotavirus is 453,000 annually and 80% of these deaths occur in developing countries. The effective way to control rotavirus is through vaccination. Two vaccines have been licensed for use which is; Rotateq and Rotarix. The Rota Teq vaccine was introduced in Kenya July 2014. Objective: Determine the prevalence of RVA after the introduction of the vaccine. Samples were collected from children below 5 years of age presenting gastroenteritis whose parents consented to be in the study. Method: The samples were collected from children below 5 years with gastroenteritis and analyzes by ELISA using prospect kit. Data were analyzed by chi-square and prevalence calculated in proportions. Results: The prevalence of RVA was 14% as compared in previous studies which were 27%. The chi-square calculation showed no difference of RVA infection in regard to gender, inpatient, and outpatient. The most affected age group was between 7 to 12 months, followed by 13 to 24 months. Conclusion: There is a decrease in rotavirus prevalence and vaccination campaigns need to be emphasized to decrease the prevalence further.
Controversies and consensus in research on dialogic teaching and learning

Scholarly interest in dialogic pedagogy and classroom dialogue is multi-disciplinary and draws on a variety of theoretical frameworks. On the positive side, this has produced a rich and varied body of research and evidence. However, in spite of a common interest in educational dialogue and learning through dialogue, cross-disciplinary engagement with each other’s work is rare. Scholarly discussions and publications tend to be clustered in separate communities, each characterized by a particular type of research questions, aspects of dialogue they focus on, type of evidence they bring to bear, and ways in which standards for rigor are constructed. In the present contribution, we asked four leading scholars from different research traditions to react to four provocative statements that were deliberately designed to reveal areas of consensus and disagreement[1]. Topic-wise, the provocations related to theoretical foundations, methodological assumptions, the role of teachers, and issues of inclusion and social class, respectively. We hope that these contributions will stimulate cross- and trans-disciplinary discussions about dialogic pedagogy research and theory. [1] The authors of this article are five scholars, the dialogic provocateur and the four respondents. The order of appearance of the authors was determined alphabetically.
Evaluating the impact of an Xpert® MTB/RIF- based TB diagnostic algorithm in a routine operational setting in Cape Town

1 Chapter 1 8 Introduction Chapter 2 23 Comparing tuberculosis diagnostic yield in smear/culture and Xpert® MTB/RIF-based algorithms using a non-randomised stepped-wedge design Chapter 3 37 Has universal screening with Xpert® MTB/RIF increased the proportion of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis cases diagnosed in a routine operational setting? Chapter 4 52 Does an Xpert® MTB/RIF-based algorithm increase TB treatment initiation and treatment success rates in a routine operational setting? Chapter 5 65 A comparison of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis treatment commencement times in MDRTBPlus Line Probe Assay and Xpert® MTB/RIF-based algorithms in a routine operational setting in Cape Town. Chapter 6 79 Pathways to multidrug-resistant tuberculosis diagnosis and treatment initiation: a qualitative comparison of patients’ experiences in the era of rapid molecular diagnostic tests Chapter 7 98 Comparing multidrug-resistant tuberculosis patient costs under molecular diagnostic algorithms in South Africa Chapter 8 115 Comparing laboratory costs of smear/culture and Xpert® MTB/RIF-based tuberculosis diagnostic algorithms Chapter 9 133 Conclusion Supplementary Chapter 155 Global to local policy transfer in the introduction of new molecular tuberculosis diagnostics in South Africa iii Stellenbosch University https://scholar.sun.ac.za