Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Engineering research and development of magnetically levitated high-temperature superconducting coil system for mini-RT project

A magnetically levitated superconducting coil system is being developed using high temperature superconductors for examining a new magnetic confinement of high-beta plasmas. A miniature double-pancake coil was fabricated with a Bi-2223 Ag-sheathed tape for the purpose of developing a floating control using laser displacement gauges. The coil was inductively excited with liquid nitrogen cooling and successfully levitated in the air. A persistent current switch is also being developed with a Bi-2223 Ag-0.3wt%Mn-sheathed tape, and a prototype model was successfully tested.
Topic, Antitopic and Verb Agreement in Non-Standard French

The author describes and explains the syntactic and pragmatic properties of the nominal and pronominal elements in sentences of the types Ces Romains ils sont fous and Ils sont fous, ces Romains , which, in spite of their frequent occurrence, have so far received little attention among linguists and grammarians. He argues that far from having the marginal status of a linguistic anomaly, the cooccurrence in the same clause of coreferential nouns and pronouns is one formal manifestation of an important functional principle in modern French: the encoding of a topic-comment relationship in the surface structure of the sentence. The pronouns in sentences such as the ones mentioned are interpreted as agreement markers. The syntactic and semantic differences between topics and anti-topics are analyzed.
SUPERPARTICLES, TWISTORS AND SIEGEL SYMMETRY

It is shown that an explicit incorporation of twistor variables into the lagrangian of a massless relativistic particle together with the local supersymmetrization of its proper time leads to a lagrangian which is invariant under the space-time global supersymmetry. The equivalence of the Siegel symmetry and the local proper-time supersymmetry with a complexified Grassmann parameter is established. The Siegel algebra is formed by an irreducible set of covariant constraints and is closed off-shell.
Upscaling of permeability of anisotropic heterogeneous formations: 2. General structure and small perturbation analysis

The general methodology developed in part 1 (Indelman and Dagan, this issue) of this study is applied to the detailed analysis of upscaled permeability. First, the structure of the dissipation function for the general conductivity, a tensor of stationary random components, is examined with the aid of dimensional analysis. It is shown that for arbitrary shapes of the numerical elements, the upscaled permeability has also this general structure, and the numbers of unknown parameters and equations match. This result suggests that the upscaling problem has an unique solution. In the particular case of scalar permeability of isotropic covariance of the actual formation, it is shown that a similar upscaled permeability is possible only for spherical (circular) numerical elements. Otherwise, the upscaled permeability has to be a tensor of anisotropic covariance. If the actual formation has a scalar permeability of axisymmetric covariance, upscaling preserves the last property only for axisymmetric partition elements, i.e., for a sphere, cylinder, and ellipsoid. Explicit expressions for the first moments of the upscaled permeability (mean, covariance) are derived at first order in the log permeability variance. The detailed computations for a scalar permeability of axisymmetric covariance and for axisymmetric numerical elements lead to simple results. The upscaled permeability expected values are components of an axisymmetric tensor, whereas the fluctuations are determined by a scalar random space function of anisotropic covariance. The general case of upscaling by a first-order approximation is examined in Appendix B. These results will be applied to a few particular cases in part 3 (Indelman, this issue).
Note-Ordinal Ranking and Intensity of Preference: A Linear Programming Approach

Cook and Kress Cook, Wade D. , Moshe Kress. 1985. Ordinal ranking with intensity of preference. Management Sci.31 1 26-32. present a model for representing ordinal preference rankings, where the voter can express intensity or degree of preference. The consensus of a set of m rankings is that ranking whose distance from this set is minimal. The consensus problem is then shown to be an integer programming problem with a piecewise linear convex objective function. In the present note we prove that the constraint matrix for this integer problem is totally unimodular. In addition, it is shown that the problem can be expressed as an equivalent integer linear programming problem. These two facts allow us to represent the consensus problem as a linear programming model. To further facilitate an efficient solution procedure to the consensus problem, it is shown that the number of columns in the L.P. model can generally be reduced significantly. Computational results on a wide range of problems is presented.
Aggregation and Scaling of Ice Crystal Size Distributions

Abstract Ice particle size distributions (PSDs) can be scaled onto a single exponential distribution for a wide range of observed conditions as demonstrated using data from Atmospheric Research Measurement (ARM) cirrus uncinus, Tropical Rainfall Measurement Mission (TRMM) tropical anvils, and First International Satellite Cloud Climatalogy Project (ISCCP) Regional Experiment (FIRE1) midlatitude cirrus field programs. The successful scaling of the PSDs is the result of the dominance of the aggregation process. The PSD is found to be a function of mean particle size and precipitation rate only. A correlation between precipitation rate and particle mass and fall speed relations is demonstrated and made use of in a semiempirical model of ice cloud that predicts the evolution of PSDs.
THE COMPLETE CONTINUITY PROPERTY IN BOCHNER FUNCTION SPACES

Let X be a Banach space, (fi, X, X) a finite measure space, and 1 < p < oo . It is shown that LP (I, X) has the complete continuity property if and only if X has it. A similar result about LlA(G, X) is also given. I. Introduction Let X be a Banach space, let (Q, X, X) be a finite measure space, and let 1 < p < oo. We denote by LP(X, X) the Banach space of all (class of) X- valued p-Bochner A-integrable functions (class of) with its usual norm. If X is the scalar field then LP(X, X) will be denoted by LP(X). A Banach space X is said to have the complete continuity property if for ev- ery finite measure space (K, 3r, p), every bounded operator T: LX(K, 3r, p) —► X is a Dunford-Pettis operator. Any Banach space with the Radon-Nikodym property (RNP) has the complete continuity property. In particular, any LP(X), 1 < p < oo , has the complete continuity property. It is well known (see (DU)) that if X has the (RNP) then LP(X, X) has the same property. Recently, Saab and Saab (SS) observed that if X is a dual Banach space that has the complete continuity property then LP(X, X) enjoys the same property. They also asked (SS, Question 13) whether IP(X, X) has the complete continuity property whenever X does. In this paper we will show that the answer is always affirmative. The question of when a property passes from the Banach space X to LP(X, X) was exten- sively studied by several authors in the past. Let us recall that Kwapien (Kw) showed that LP(X, X) (1 < p < oo) contains a copy of en if and only if X contains a copy of Co . Talagrand (T) showed that if X is weakly sequentially complete then LP(X, X) (1 <p < oo) is weakly sequentially complete. Kalton, Saab, and Saab (KSS) were able to prove that the property (u) also passes from X to LP(X, X) (1 < p < oo). Mendoza (M) succeeded in showing that X contains a complemented copy of lx if and only if LP(X, X) (1 < p < oo)
Passive constructions in English and Chinese: A corpus-based contrastive study .

This article combines the corpus-based and contrastive approaches, seeking to provide a systematic account of passive constructions in two typologically distinct languages, namely British English and Mandarin Chinese. We will first explore, on the basis of written and spoken corpus data, a range of characteristics of passives in the two languages including various passive constructions, long vs. short passives, semantic, pragmatic and syntactic features as well as genre variations. On the basis of this exploration, passive constructions in the two languages are contrasted in a structured way. Methodologically, this study demonstrates that comparable monolingual corpora can be exploited fruitfully in contrastive linguistics.
The effects of splitting attributes on weights in multiattribute utility measurement

This study examined how weights in multiattribute utility measurement change when objectives are split into more detailed levels. Subjects were asked to weight attributes in value trees containing three objectives which were specified by either three, four, five, or six attributes. The robust finding was that the more detailed parts of the value tree were weighted significantly higher than the less detailed ones. This overweighting bias was found for several weighting techniques, but the techniques that used holistic judgments to derive weights were affected somewhat less than techniques that used decomposed attribute weights. This bias is interpreted in terms of the increased salience and availability of attributes that are spelled out in more detail.
On the relaxation of laminar jets at high Reynolds numbers

In this paper we study several problems involving two dimensional and axisymmetric jets issuing in a medium with negligible dynamical effects: (1) a two-dimensional jet entirely bounded by free surfaces, (2) a two-dimensional jet bounded by a free surface and a wall, (3) an axisymmetric jet and (4) a hollow annular jet in a tube. The theoretical study is based on a new technique in which, on the basis of a boundary layer approximation, the velocity components are expanded into a suitable set of eigenfunctions. The deformation of the jet, that is assumed to be a slow function of the distance from the jet exit, is handled by a scaled coordinate system. For the case of the axisymmetric jet, which is the only one previously considered in the literature, this technique is found to be in excellent agreement with previously published, much more computationally demanding results. An experiment involving a vertical water jet has been carried out to further verify the accuracy of the current technique. In particular the behavior very near the exit was found to be in excellent agreement with the experiment at high Reynolds numbers. The fact that the jet relaxation time is much shorter than the time obtained from dimensional arguments is explained with the aid of the semi-analytical structure of the method. In the case of the annular wall jets, the length of the inner gaseous region is found to be finite depending on the Froude number.
Optimal design for generalized linear models with a multinomial response

The objective of optimal experimental design is to determine the values of the predictor variables at which to take observations in order to maximize the quality of data obtained by the experiment. When the response variable is, at least approximately, independent and normally distributed with a constant variance, an optimal design can be obtained by accessing the prolific body of established classical design techniques. When these assumptions are not satisfied, the design solution is not easily obtainable. The difficulty in designing an experiment for a response with a nonlinear model is that the optimal design depends upon the values of the unknown parameters of the model, but the model parameters are estimated from the results obtained after running the experiment. This has been a major factor contributing to the complexity, and hindering the development, of design methodology for nonlinear models. As a consequence, the majority of results, including those in this thesis, are obtained utilizing numerical techniques. We examine two design methods for a multinomial response, utilizing the generalized linear model framework. One technique, D-optimality, is based on minimizing the volume of the confidence ellipsoid of the parameter estimates and the other, IMSE-optimality, is based on minimizing the mean squared error of the estimated probabilities of occurrence of the possible responses. These methods are developed using point estimates of the parameters of the linear iii predictor. When estimates are unavailable, we use partial knowledge about the parameters to make designs more robust to uncertainty in the parameter values. We also develop designs which allow for some uncertainty in the model by examining different types of predictors. The experimental design space is shown to play an important role, especially in IMSE-optimality, and a quantitative method is presented to determine the design space based on the limits of the underlying multinomial probabilities. Although the two design methods examined are based on different criteria, our simulations strongly suggest that they are asymptotically equivalent. The Doptimal design algorithm is shown to be faster to implement, compared to the IMSE-optimal design algorithm, and is free to determine the number of support points. The IMSE-optimal approach requires more computation as it requires taking expected values of estimated probabilities and specifying the number of observations at each support point. These design techniques are applied to a practical example, a dose response experiment, and we develop design methods allowing for some uncertainty in the form of the predictor and the values of the parameter estimates.
Solution of crystal growth disorder models by imposition of symmetry

By considering the relation between Ising models and growth models, solutions have been obtained for a class of growth models in which symmetry has been imposed on the statistical properties of the lattices. It has been found that when mm symmetry is imposed the resulting two-point correlation field has an extremely simple form even though considerable diversity of three- and four-point correlations may still exist. It is suggested that imposition of symmetry on growth models in general will yield soluble systems.
Student learning and perceptions in a flipped linear algebra course

The traditional lecture style of teaching has long been the norm in college science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) courses, but an innovative teaching model, facilitated by recent advances in technology, is gaining popularity across college campuses. This new model inverts or ‘flips’ the usual classroom paradigm, in that students learn initial course concepts outside of the classroom, while class time is reserved for more active problem-based learning and practice activities. While the flipped classroom model shows promise for improving STEM learning and increasing student interest in STEM fields, discussions to date of the model and its impact are more anecdotal than data driven – very little research has been undertaken to rigorously assess the potential effects on student learning that can result from the flipped classroom environment. This study involved 55 students in 2 sections of an applied linear algebra course, using the traditional lecture format in one section and the flipped classroom model in another. In the latter, students were expected to prepare for the class in some way, such as watching screencasts prepared by the instructor, or reading the textbook or the instructor’s notes. Student content understanding and course perceptions were examined. Content understanding was measured by the performance on course exams, and students in the flipped classroom environment had a more significant increase between the sequential exams compared to the students in the traditional lecture section, while performing similarly in the final exam. Course perceptions were represented by an end-of-semester survey that indicated that the flipped classroom students were very positive about their experience in the course, and particularly appreciated the student collaboration and instructional video components.
Effects of neutrino-electron scattering on neutrino transport in Type II Supernovae

We investigate the effects of neutrino-electron scattering on electron-neutrino transport during the collapse phase of a Type II supernova. Calculations of stationary state transport were performed on a 1.17 {ital M}{sub {circle_dot}} spherically symmetric infall model, with neutrino-electron scattering turned off and on. During the transport calculation, the stellar background is kept fixed in time. In this manner, we are able to isolate the effects of neutrino-electron scattering on neutrino transport alone. We find that the inclusion of neutrino-electron scattering approximately doubles the emitted neutrino flux during infall. Neutrino-electron scattering increases the rate at which energy and lepton number are transferred from the matter to the neutrinos. However, the transfer of entropy to the matter increases in a large part of the collapsing core. We also discuss the equilibration of the neutrinos. {copyright} {ital 1996 The American Astronomical Society. }
Robust optimal guaranteed cost control for 2D discrete systems

The guaranteed cost control problem is studied for a class of 2D discrete uncertain systems in the Fornasini-Marchesini state space setting. The uncertainty is assumed to be norm-bounded. Based on the guaranteed cost controller for 1D differential/difference systems, the notion of the guaranteed cost control problem for 2D discrete systems is proposed. The problem is to design both a static-state feedback controller and a dynamic output feedback controller such that the closed-loop system is asymptotically stable and the closed-loop cost function value is not more than a specified upper bound for all admissible uncertainties. Sufficient conditions for the existence of such controllers are derived based on the linear matrix inequality (LMI) approach. A parametrised characterisation of the guaranteed cost controllers is given in terms of the feasible solutions to a certain LMI. Furthermore, a convex optimisation problem is formulated to select the optimal guaranteed cost controller which minimises the upper bound of the closed-loop cost function.
Heated Helium to Simulate Surface Pressure Fluctuations Created by Rocket Motor Plumes

The solid-rocket plumes from the abort motor of the multipurpose crew vehicle were simulated using hot, high-pressure, helium gas to determine pressure fluctuations on the vehicle surface in the event of an abort. About 80 different abort situations over a Mach number range of 0.3 to 1.2, and vehicle attitudes of ±14 deg, were simulated using a 6% scaled model inside the NASA Ames Transonic Wind Tunnel. The test showed very high level of surface pressure fluctuations caused by the hydrodynamic near-field of the plume shear layer. The plumes grew in size with increasing flight Mach number, which was associated with a lowering of the ambient pressure. This caused an increase of plume impingement on the vehicle. Interestingly, the trend was a decrease in the level of pressure fluctuations with increasing impingement. The wind-tunnel data were compared against flight data from the Pad Abort 1 flight test. Despite various differences between the transient-flight situation and the steady-state wind-tunnel simu.
Arecibo Observations of Formaldehyde and Radio Recombination Lines toward Ultracompact H II Regions

We report observations of the H110α radio recombination line and H2CO (110-111) toward 21 ultracompact H II regions with the Arecibo 305 m radio telescope. We detect the H110α line in 20 sources, and for each of these we also detect a H2CO absorption feature at nearly the same velocity, demonstrating the association between molecular and ionized gas. We determine kinematic distances and resolve the distance ambiguity for all observed H II regions, as well as for 19 intervening molecular clouds. A plot of the Galactic distribution of these objects traces part of the spiral structure in the first Galactic quadrant. We compare flux densities and velocities as measured with the Arecibo Telescope with interferometric measurements of our sample of ultracompact H II regions. In general, the single-dish fluxes exceed the interferometric values, consistent with an extended component of radio continuum emission.
Spheroidal and spherical geopotential approximations

It is customary in atmospheric modelling to approximate the equi‐geopotential surfaces of apparent gravity as spheres, and to use spherical polar coordinates to represent the global atmosphere. However Earth's mean surface is more accurately approximated by a spheroid of revolution than by a sphere, and therefore the geopotential surfaces are better represented as spheroidal surfaces than spherical ones. Several authors have considered how to develop a spheroidal coordinate system. The keystone for this is a sufficiently accurate, yet simple and flexible, mathematical approximation of the geopotential for a spheroidal Earth. Geopotential approximation is a compromise between the extremes of being either too simple, with deficient representation of the essentials of the underlying physics, or too complicated, leading to overly complicated coordinate systems.
Electromagnetic integral equation approach based on contraction operator and solution optimization in Krylov subspace

SUMMARY The paper presents a new code for modelling electromagnetic fields in complicated 3-D environments and provides examples of the code application. The code is based on an integral equation (IE) for the scattered electromagnetic field, presented in the form used by the Modified Iterative Dissipative Method (MIDM). This IE possesses contraction properties that allow it to be solved iteratively. As a result, for an arbitrary earth model and any source of the electromagnetic field, the sequence of approximations converges to the solution at any frequency. The system of linear equations that represents a finite-dimensional counterpart of the continuous IE is derived using a projection definition of the system matrix. According to this definition, the matrix is calculated by integrating the Green's function over the ‘source’ and ‘receiver’ cells of the numerical grid. Such a system preserves contraction properties of the continuous equation and can be solved using the same iterative technique. The condition number of the system matrix and, therefore, the convergence rate depends only on the physical properties of the model under consideration. In particular, these parameters remain independent of the numerical grid used for numerical simulation. Applied to the system of linear equations, the iterative perturbation approach generates a sequence of approximations, converging to the solution. The number of iterations is significantly reduced by finding the best possible approximant inside the Krylov subspace, which spans either all accumulated iterates or, if it is necessary to save the memory, only a limited number of the latest iterates. Optimization significantly reduces the number of iterates and weakens its dependence on the lateral contrast of the model. Unlike more traditional conjugate gradient approaches, the iterations are terminated when the approximate solution reaches the requested relative accuracy. The number of the required iterates, which for simple iterations, is approximately proportional to the square root of the lateral contrast of conductivity, in case of optimization, becomes approximately proportional to the logarithm of the lateral contrast. The effect of optimization increases with the complexity of the model under consideration. The new code is applied to a number of problems of subsurface, borehole and marine geophysics. Some of the results are compared with independent computations using different approaches.