Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Parental Responsiveness During Musical and Non-Musical Engagement in Preschoolers with ASD.

Background Parent-child play interactions offer an important avenue for supporting social development in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Musical play is a natural and ubiquitous form of parent-child play. As a familiar, reinforcing, and predictable activity, musical play may support parent-child interactions by scaffolding children's attention to the play activities, while also providing parents with a familiar and accessible context to promote parental responsiveness. However, musical play may also impede interactions due to its sensory and repetitive components. Method 12 parent-child dyads of preschoolers with ASD were video-recorded during a ten-minute play session that included musical and non-musical toys. Interactions were coded for parent and child musical engagement, as well as parental responsiveness. Results Parent-child dyads varied in their amount of musical engagement during play, which was not related to children's language level. Overall, parents showed similar levels of responsiveness to children's play across musical and non-musical activities, but type of parental responsiveness differed depending on the play context. Parents provided significantly more physical play responses and significantly fewer verbal responses during musical vs. non-musical engagement with their child. Conclusions There are substantial individual differences in children with ASD's musical engagement during a parent-child free play. Children's musical engagement impacted type of parental responsiveness, which may relate to the familiarity, accessibility, and sensory nature of musical play/toys. Results suggest that musical play/toys can both support and hinder different types of parental responsiveness with implications for incorporation of musical activities into interventions.
SH3PXD2A‐AS1/miR‐330‐5p/UBA2 ceRNA network mediates the progression of colorectal cancer through regulating the activity of the Wnt/β‐catenin signaling pathway

Long non‐coding RNAs have important roles in the occurrence and progression of various cancers. However, the molecular mechanism of lncRNAs in colorectal cancer (CRC) is not well illustrated. Thus, we used bioinformatics methods to find potential lncRNAs associated with CRC progression, and chose SH3PXD2A‐AS1 as a candidate for further analysis. The roles of SH3PXD2A‐AS1 in CRC cells were determined by CCK‐8, transwell invasion, wound healing and flow cytometry assays. Besides, we established the CRC tumor models in nude mice to study the effect of SH3PXD2A‐AS1 on the tumor growth. Based on the ceRNA hypothesis, we used miRDB and miRTarBase websites to identify the SH3PXD2A‐AS1‐related ceRNA regulatory network, and measured the roles of this network in CRC cells. The results revealed that the expression profiles of SH3PXD2A‐AS1 from GEO and TCGA databases showed an aberrant high level in CRC tissues compared with colorectal normal tissues. SH3PXD2A‐AS1 over‐expression was also found in CRC cells. SH3PXD2A‐AS1 knockdown inhibited the CRC cellular proliferation, invasion and migration but induced apoptosis. Besides, SH3PXD2A‐AS1 knockdown also suppressed the growth of CRC tumors. Furthermore, SH3PXD2A‐AS1 could function as a ceRNA of miR‐330‐5p. Additionally, UBA2 was proved to be a target gene of miR‐330‐5p. Moreover, SH3PXD2A‐AS1 knockdown downregulated UBA2 expression through sponging miR‐330‐5p to inactivate the Wnt/β‐catenin signaling pathway, thereby inhibiting the cell growth and promoting apoptosis. Therefore, the SH3PXD2A‐AS1/miR‐330‐5p/UBA2 network could regulate the progression of CRC through the Wnt/β‐catenin pathway. These findings offer new sights for understanding the pathogenesis of CRC and provide potential biomarkers for CRC treatment.
Real-life experiences in a single center: efficacy of pirfenidone in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and fibrotic idiopathic non-specific interstitial pneumonia patients

Background: Pirfenidone is the first antifibrotic drug approved for the treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and it is used in the treatment of other interstitial pneumonias, such as unclassifiable interstitial lung disease (ILD) and connective tissue-related ILD. This study examined the efficacy of pirfenidone in patients with IPF and fibrotic idiopathic non-specific interstitial pneumonia (f-iNSIP). Methods: In a retrospective real-life study, 67 IPF and 24 f-iNSIP patients were enrolled and classified into a pirfenidone group and a non-antifibrotic group. The level of forced vital capacity (FVC) and diffusing capacity of lung for carbon monoxide (DLco) at baseline, 6, 12 and 24 months were recorded. The level of KL-6 in serum was detected by chemiluminescence enzyme immunoassay (﻿CLEIA). The prognosis and safety outcomes were collected from patients. Results: In IPF patients, pirfenidone decreased the mean change of FVC and DLco, and decreased the proportion of patients with a ⩾10% decline in FVC or a ⩾15% decline in DLco compared with the non-antifibrotic group. There was no difference in the mean change of FVC and DLco between smokers and non-smokers who received pirfenidone treatment. There was an improvement in progression-free survival, defined as the time to the first occurrence of acute exacerbation or death related to pulmonary fibrosis. Moreover, the ratio of patients who experienced acute exacerbation and death related to pulmonary fibrosis was lower in the pirfenidone group. There was no change in lung function and prognosis between the pirfenidone and non-antifibrotic groups in f-iNSIP patients. The KL-6 level slightly decreased after 1 year of pirfenidone treatment but not significantly. Gastrointestinal and skin-related adverse events were most common, and four patients ceased treatment due to the side effects. Conclusions: Pirfenidone safely reduced disease progression by improving the lung function and progression-free survival in IPF patients, with acceptable side effects. The efficacy of pirfenidone on f-iNSIP was not significant, suggesting the need for further studies. The reviews of this paper are available via the supplemental material section.
What affects the magnitude of age-related dual-task costs in working memory? The role of stimulus domain and access to semantic representations

Although there is evidence that the effect of including a concurrent processing demand on the storage of information in working memory is disproportionately larger for older than younger adults, not all studies show this age-related impairment, and the critical factors responsible for any such impairment remain elusive. Here we assess whether domain overlap between storage and processing activities, and access to semantic representations, are important determinants of performance in a sample of younger and older adults (N = 119). We developed four versions of a processing task by manipulating the type of stimuli involved (either verbal or non-verbal) and the decision that participants had to make about the stimuli presented on the screen. Participants either had to perform a spatial judgement, in deciding whether the verbal or non-verbal item was presented above or below the centre of the screen, or a semantic judgement, in deciding whether the stimulus refers to something living or not living. The memory task was serial-ordered recall of visually presented letters. The study revealed a large increase in age-related memory differences when concurrent processing was required. These differences were smaller when storage and processing activities both used verbal materials. Dual-task effects on processing were also disproportionate for older adults. Age differences in processing performance appeared larger for tasks requiring spatial decisions rather than semantic decisions. We discuss these findings in relation to three competing frameworks of working memory and the extant literature on cognitive ageing.
Roots Drive Oligogalacturonide-Induced Systemic Immunity In Tomato.

Oligogalacturonides (OGs) are fragments of pectin released from the plant cell wall during insect or pathogen attack. They can be perceived by the plant as damage signals, triggering local and systemic defence responses. Here, we analyse the dynamics of local and systemic responses to OG perception in tomato roots or shoots, exploring their impact across the plant and their relevance in pathogen resistance. Targeted and untargeted metabolomics and gene expression analysis in plants treated with purified OGs revealed that local responses were transient, while distal responses were stronger and more sustained. Remarkably, changes were more conspicuous in roots, even upon foliar application of the OGs. The treatments differentially activated the synthesis of defence-related hormones and secondary metabolites including flavonoids, alkaloids and lignans, some of them exclusively synthetized in roots. Finally, the biological relevance of the systemic defence responses activated upon OG perception was confirmed, as the treatment induced systemic resistance to Botrytis cinerea. Overall, this study shows the differential regulation of tomato defences upon OGs perception in roots and shoots and reveals the key role of roots in the coordination of the plant responses to damage sensing. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Time‐to‐contact perception in the brain

Time‐to‐contact (TTC) perception refers to the ability of an observer to estimate the remaining time before an object reaches a point in the environment, and is of crucial importance in daily life. Noninvasive correlational approaches have identified several brain areas sensitive to TTC information. Here we report the results of two studies, including one during an awake brain surgery, that aimed to identify the specific areas causally engaged in the TTC estimation process. In Study 1, we tested 40 patients with brain tumor in a TTC estimation task. The results showed that four of the six patients with impaired performance had tumors in right upper parietal cortex, although this tumoral location represented only six over 40 patients. In Study 2, 15 patients underwent awake brain surgery electrostimulation mapping to examine the implication of various brain areas in the TTC estimation process. We acquired and normalized to MNI space the coordinates of the functional areas that influenced task performance. Our results seem to demonstrate that the early stage of the TTC estimation process involved specific cortical territories in the ventral region of the right intraparietal sulcus. Downstream processing of TTC could also involve the frontal eye field (middle frontal gyrus) related to ocular search. We also found that deactivating language areas in the left hemisphere interfered with the TTC estimation process. These findings demonstrate a fine grained, cortical representation of TTC processing close to the ventral right intraparietal sulcus and complement those described in other human studies.
Modification of Major Contributors Responsible for Latrine Malodor on Exposure to Hypochlorous Acid: The Potential for Simultaneously Impacting Odor and Infection Hazards to Encourage Latrine Use

Abstract. Open defecation remains a common practice in developing countries and leads to high incidence and prevalence of acute gastroenteritis, which is most often caused by human noroviruses (human NoV). Encouraging the use of toilets and pit latrines is one method of improving sanitation; however, it is often hindered by not only cultural traditions but also from a reluctance to use latrines and toilets due to their odor and impression of uncleanliness. In an effort to establish new means to encourage toilet and latrine use, laboratory experiments tested the ability of hypochlorous acid (HOCl) to modify the malodorous compounds identified in the air in latrines in developing countries (indole, p-cresol, dimethyl disulfide (DMDS), dimethyl trisulfide (DMTS), and butyric acid) and inactivate MS2 bacteriophage, a surrogate for human NoV. After 5 minutes, > 94% of indole, p-cresol, DMDS, and DMTS was modified as determined by high-pressure liquid chromatography in the presence of 100 ppm HOCl. A log10 reduction value (LRV) greater than 6 was seen for MS2 bacteriophage after 5 minutes of exposure to 100 ppm HOCl in solution. Sensory studies indicated that there was a significant difference (P ≤ 0.05) between the untreated and HOCl-treated samples for all five malodorous compounds tested. The findings suggest that introduction of HOCl into the headspace air could encourage latrine and toilet use. Optimization of HOCl dosing in air to accomplish both odor control and reduction of infectious hazards is worthy of further study.
What are psychosocial risk factors for entrepreneurs to become unfit for work? A qualitative exploration

BACKGROUND: Entrepreneurs may have to deal with different psychosocial risk factors than employees. Understanding relevant psychosocial risk factors for entrepreneurs is important for occupational health practice to develop effective measures to prevent work disability. This knowledge will be used to adjust the Work and Wellbeing Inventory an existing screening tool for employees. OBJECTIVE: The aim was to explore psychosocial risk factors and relevant personality traits to adjust and further develop the Work and Wellbeing Inventory to predict work disability for entrepreneurs. METHODS: In a qualitative explorative study, we interviewed 17 entrepreneurs varying in type of business and demographic background. By semi-structured face-to-face interviews, we explored their experiences with psychosocial risk factors related to entrepreneurship. Transcripts were analyzed by qualitatively coding procedures and constant comparative methods. RESULTS: According to these entrepreneurs financial insecurity, conflict of interest, large responsibility, high number of working hours, managing tasks, and administrative burden were the major themes they had to deal with. Relevant personality traits for successful entrepreneurship were stress resistance, being all round, flexible, a good communicator, good leadership, and being able to set limits. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study are relevant for occupational health practice focusing on the wellbeing of entrepreneurs, and will be used to adjust items in the Work and Wellbeing Inventory.
Performance of Automated Dissection on Formalin-Fixed Paraffin-Embedded Tissue Sections for the 21-Gene Recurrence Score Assay

This study aimed to compare the performance of MilliSect dissection and manual dissection. Twenty-five formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) breast cancer tissue blocks were selected for comparison. Specific areas of interest (AOIs) in invasive carcinoma on tissue sections were transferred to dissection slides by manual macrodissection or the MilliSect instrument. The comparison criteria were 1) the time required for dissection; 2) RNA concentration and purity; 3) RNA quantity of 5 housekeeping genes (by RT-qPCR); and 4) ER, PR, HER2, Ki-67 and recurrence score (RS) values (by the 21-gene assay). Then, tumor-adjacent tissues, including fibrocollagenous and epithelial tissues, from the same selected tissue blocks of 8 of 25 patients were scraped using the mesodissection method, and their RS values were assessed to evaluate the influence of tumor-adjacent tissues on the target AOIs. Ultimately, 4 AOIs of invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) from 1 tissue block of another 4 patients with lymph node (LN) metastases each, LN tissue and a mixture of IDC and LN tissue from the other tissue block of the same 4 patients were mesodissected to evaluate the influence of infiltrating lymphocyte levels on the RS values of AOIs. In our experience, the MilliSect instrument, which provides process management documentation, required more time than manual macrodissection (on average, approximately 9.1 min per sample versus 5.8 min per sample, respectively). The RNA yield and quality of the dissected tissues were comparable for the 2 methods. However, the tumor-adjacent tissues of the AOIs may influence the RS to some extent. Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) can dramatically increase RSs, far exceeding the influence of tumor-adjacent fibrocollagenous and epithelial tissues. In conclusion, MilliSect mesodissection is comparable to manual dissection. This mesodissection tool may facilitate AOI alignment and the dissection process for the 21-gene RS assay. Samples whose adjacent tissues are intermixed with TILs warrant special attention.
The cone-beam breast computed tomography characteristics of breast non-mass enhancement lesions

Background Cone-beam computed tomography (CBBCT) of the breast is emerging as a way of improving breast cancer diagnostic yield. Purpose To find characteristics of non-mass enhancement (NME) lesions on breast CBBCT and to identify the characteristics that distinguish malignant and benign lesions. Material and Methods Breast CBBCT images of 84 NME lesions were analyzed. Internal enhancement distribution and patterns, calcification distribution and suspicious morphology, and ΔHU enhancement values were compared between post-contrast and pre-contrast malignant and benign lesions. Univariate analyses were applied to find the strongest indicators of malignancy, and logistic regression analysis was used to develop a fitting equation for the combined diagnostic model. Results In the 84 NME lesions, the indicators of malignancy were as follows: segmental enhancement distribution (P = 0.011, 53.62% sensitivity, 86.67% specificity, 94.87% positive predictive value [PPV], and 28.89% negative predictive value [NPV]), clumped internal enhancement patterns (P = 0.017, 50.72% sensitivity, 86.67% specificity, 94.59% PPV, and 27.66% NPV), ΔHU ≥ 93.57 Hounsfield units (HU) (P = 0.004, 66.67% sensitivity, 73.33% specificity, 92.00% PPV, and 32.35% NPV), and NME lesions with calcification (P = 0.002, 36.23% sensitivity, 20.00% specificity, 82.14% PPV, and 67.57% NPV). The fitting equation for the combined diagnostic model was as follows: Logit (P) = –0.579 +1.318 × enhancement distribution + 1.000 × internal enhancement patterns + 1.539 × ΔHU value + 1.641 ×NME type. Conclusion Individual diagnostic criteria based on breast CBBCT characteristics (segmental enhancement distribution, clumped internal enhancement patterns, ΔHU values > 93.57 HU, and NME lesions with calcification) had high specificity and PPV; when combined, they had high sensitivity in predicting malignant NME lesions.
Comparison of outcome between nonoperative and operative treatment of medial epicondyle fractures

Background and purpose — Controversy exists regarding the optimal treatment for displaced medial epicondyle fractures. We compared the results of nonoperative and operative treatment and calculated the incidence of medial epicondyle fractures in the pediatric census population. Patients and methods — 112 children under 16 years old who sustained > 2 mm displaced fracture of the medial epicondyle were treated in our institution between 2014 and 2019. 80/83 patients with 81 non-incarcerated fractures were available for minimum 1-year follow-up. 41 fractures were treated with immobilization only, 40 by open reduction and internal fixation, according to the preference of the attending surgeon. Outcome was assessed at mean 2.6 years (1–6) from injury with different patient-reported outcome measures. Elbow stability, range of motion, grip strength, and distal sensation were registered in 74/80 patients. Incidence was calculated for 7- to 15-year-olds. Results — Nonoperatively treated children had less pain according to the PedsQL Pediatric Pain Questionnaire (3 vs. 15, p = 0.01) with better cosmetic outcome (VAS 95 vs. 87, p = 0.007). There was no statistically significant difference between the groups in respect of QuickDASH, PedsQL generic core scale, Mayo Elbow Performance Score, grip strength, carrying angle, elbow stability, or range of motion (p > 0.05). All 41 nonoperatively treated children returned to pre-injury sports; of the surgically treated 6/40 had to down-scale their sporting activities. The incidence of displaced (> 2 mm) fractures of the medial epicondyle in children aged 7–15 years was ≥ 3:100,000. Interpretation — Displaced fractures of the medial humeral epicondyle in children heal well with 3–4 weeks’ immobilization. Open reduction and screw fixation does not improve outcome.
A novel voltage-clamp/dye uptake assay reveals saturable transport of molecules through CALHM1 and connexin channels

Channels that are permeable to small molecules such as ATP, in addition to atomic ions, are emerging as important regulators in health and disease. Nonetheless, mechanisms of molecular permeation and selectivity of these channels remain mostly unexplored due to the lack of quantitative methodologies. To address this need, we developed a novel two-electrode voltage clamp (TEVC)/dye uptake assay to examine the kinetics of molecular permeation of channels formed by human connexins (hCx), and the calcium homeostasis modulator (hCALHM1). We expressed hCx26, hCx30, and hCALHM1 individually in Xenopus laevis oocytes. To quantify the uptake of small molecular dyes through these channels, we developed a protocol that renders oocytes translucent – thereby amenable to optical detection techniques – without affecting the functional properties of the expressed channels. To control membrane potential and to determine functional channel expression accurately, dye uptake was evaluated in conjunction with TEVC. Using this methodology, we found that: (1) CALHM1 and Cx30 hemichannels display saturable transport of molecules that could be described by Michaelis-Menten kinetics, with apparent KM and Vmax; (2) Kinetic parameters for molecular transport through CALHM1 are sensitive to voltage and extracellular calcium; (3) Significant transport of molecules occurs through CALHM1 when there are little or no ionic currents through the channels; (4) Cx mutations in the N-terminal region significantly affect kinetics of transport and permselectivity. Our results reveal that molecular flux through these channels has a rate-limiting step, that the kinetic parameters of molecular transport are sensitive to modulators of channel gating and that molecular transport and ionic currents can be differentially affected. Our methodology allows the analysis of how human mutations causing diseases affect kinetic properties and permselectivity of molecular signaling and enables the study of molecular mechanisms, including selectivity and saturability, associated with molecular transport in large-pore channels.