Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Classification of Diabetic Retinopathy Using Adversarial Training

In recent years, the classification of medical images has become more and more important. With the help of the deep learning approach, the classification accuracy of diabetic retinopathy has been greatly improved, and it has brought great benefits to the residents living in the suburbs. However, the researchers found that these neural network models became extremely vulnerable when confronted with an adversarial example. Specifically, some minor changes to the samples can fail the model immediately. In this paper, we use adversarial training methods instead of traditional training methods to improve the model robustness against adversarial example. Experiments showed that using this method in APTOS data set the adversarial accuracy increased from 43% to 83%.
Effects of Habitat and Landscape Structure on Oregon White Oak (Quercus garryana) Regeneration Across an Urban Gradient

Abstract Oregon white oak (Quercus garryana) woodlands are the focus of intensive conservation efforts. However, little is known about regeneration in protected oak stands, particularly in small stands surrounded by residential and commercial development. This study investigates the relationship between habitat and landscape structure and patterns of oak seedling and sapling abundance. Specifically, I ask whether patterns of oak seedling and sapling abundance reflect the habitat preferences of animals that disperse acorns and whether seedling and sapling abundance differ in urban versus non-urban landscapes. I conducted vegetation surveys within 30 oak woodlands with natural understory distributed across a gradient of urban development. I used general linear mixed models to determine relationships between oak seedling and sapling abundance and habitat and landscape features. Seedling and sapling patterns showed different relationships to habitat and landscape structure, suggesting that different factors mediate the transition between each stage. I found that seedlings are most abundant under oak and non-oak forest canopy and least abundant under no forest canopy, possibly reflecting dispersal patterns. I found no relationship between seedling abundance and urban development, but young saplings show a negative relationship with urban development. These results suggest that seed dispersers influence seedling spatial patterns, but that this influence is reduced in later life history stages. Although urban development is not related to seedling production, young sapling abundance was significantly lower in urban landscapes. Improved understanding of how habitat and landscape structure influence forest regeneration processes is needed in order to create effective forest restoration and management plans.
Pandemic Lockdown: The Role of Government Commitment

This note studies optimal lockdown policy in a model in which the government can limit a pandemic’s impact via a lockdown at the cost of lower economic output. A government would like to commit to limit the extent of future lockdown in order to support more optimistic investor expectations in the present. However, such a commitment is not credible since investment decisions are sunk when the government makes the lockdown decision in the future. The commitment problem is more severe if lockdown is sufficiently effective at limiting disease spread or if the size of the susceptible population is sufficiently large. Credible rules that limit a government’s ability to lock down the economy in the future can improve the efficiency of lockdown policy.
Reduction of Banana Weevil Populations Using Different Formulations of the Entomopathogenic Fungus Beauveria bassiana

One of the major constraints for banana production in Uganda is the banana weevil, Cosmopolites sordidus (Germar), (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Investigations were carried out to evaluate the efficacy of maize, soil-based and oil formulations of an indigenous isolate of Beauveria bassiana for the control of the banana weevil. Weekly trapping of weevils over a 9-month monitoring period showed significant reduction in unmarked and marked weevil population in B. bassiana treated plots. Application of maize formulation at 2 2 10 15 conidia ha -1 proved most effective, reducing the weevil populations by 63-72% within 8 weeks after a single application. The soil based formulation at 2 2 10 14 conidia ha -1 was intermediate while the oil formulation at 6 2 10 15 conidial ha -1 was least effective. Trapping efficiency declined in B. bassiana treated and untreated banana plots but was greatest in the latter.
Comparative use of four different marker systems for the estimation of digestibility and low food intake in a group of captive giraffes (Giraffa camelopardalis)

In a feeding trial with four captive giraffes, nutrient digestibility was determined using four different marker systems. Although cobalt-ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid proved to have no utility as a digestibility marker in this study, reasonable values could be obtained using C36 n-alkane, acid detergent lignin, and acid insoluble ash as markers. A comparison of methods and literature data suggests that the values derived from the C36 n-alkane assay are the most reliable absolute values. Apparent digestibility ranges thus determined were 63.5–74.3% for dry matter, 73.4–82.4% for crude protein, 49.9–62.2% for neutral detergent fiber, and 49.7–63.7% for acid detergent fiber. However, digestibility data gained by the ADL method provided the most stringent inter-individual comparisons. It is concluded that both alkanes and lignin can be used for giraffe digestibility studies. These captive giraffes ingested a smaller quantity of food than has been reported for other giraffes from both the wild and other zoos. Energetic calculations showed that these animals might be on the brink of an energy deficit. A similar situation has been described at least once before in captive giraffes, and the results are of direct relevance to the peracute mortality syndrome, a condition of captive giraffes in which severe depletion of body fat stores occurs. Reasons for the seemingly low food intake could not be elucidated, but observations suggested that these giraffes were ready to ingest more if more palatable or suitable food was offered. Monitoring food intake in other giraffe groups and designing a diet that is both palatable and nutritious are important objectives of captive giraffe management. Zoo Biol 20:315–329, 2001. © 2001 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Ontogenetic change of bone microstructures and its ethological implication in Champsosaurus (Diapsida, Choristodera)

Compact cortex in a Champsosaurus (Diapsida, Choristodera) femur is ontogenetically replaced with extensively developed cancellous bone. This histological shift, together with retention of calcified cartilage to late ontogenetic stage, was previously considered to show that adult champsosaurs were more adapted to aquatic environments than juveniles. However, the new histological examination reveals the nearly amedullar condition of a juvenile femur consisting of thick periosteal cortex and less cancellous bone tissue and the amedullar but more porous condition of adult femora. This likely demonstrates that the femoral inner structure of the juvenile is denser than those of the adults, and therefore, juveniles were more aquatic. It is suggested that morphological variations between two sympatric species of Champsosaurus reflect sexual dimorphism in a single species and limb bones with more robust morphology, showing better terrestrial adaptation for nesting on land, belong to females. The similarity of gross limb bone morphology between juveniles and inferred adult males indicates aquatic habitats for juveniles, coincident with the new interpretation of bone microstructures. No differences are, however, recognised in femoral microstructure between inferred sexes in adults. The possibly lowered density of femur in adults is considered as an adaptation to increase the mobility in water.
Evaluation of Biological and Sociodemographic Factors Affecting Dysmenorrhea

Objective Dysmenorrhea is the most important cause of chronic pelvic pain in women. Sometimes, dysmenorrhea can be severe enough, leading women to present to emergency departments. The aim of this study was to investigate factors affecting dysmenorrhea in female patients who presented to the emergency department of our hospital. Methods Female patients who presented to our emergency department with dysmenorrhea between January 2012 and January 2014 were included in the study. Patients’ demographic and clinical data were filled in the Dysmenorrhea Data Form, which was designed by the researcher by screening the relevant literature. Patients’ age, educational status, smoking status, age and regularity of menarche, sexual activity, and age of dysmenorrhea onset were recorded and analyzed. Results The mean age of the patients was 21.80 ± 3.75 years. There was a significant correlation between the type of dysmenorrhea and sexual activity (p=0.001). There was a statistically significant difference between age at menarche and age of dysmenorrhea onset (p<0.001). Absenteeism was less common in patients with an age of dysmenorrhea onset of <12 years compared with the other age groups (p<0.05). Conclusions There was a significant correlation between age at menarche and age of dysmenorrhea onset. Data obtained in this study could be used in developing educational programs on dysmenorrhea for adolescents at the age of menarche.
Total and Soluble Nitrogen in Douglas Fir in Relation to Plant Nitrogen Status

Concentrations of total N, ninhydrin-positive compounds, and monosubstituted guanidino compounds were determined in current and 1-year-old foliage and twigs, and in roots of 3-year-old Douglas fir (Pseudotsugamenziesii (Mirb.) Franco. ). These plants were grown in a trial where levels of N (0, 255, and 675 kg N/ha), and sources of N (nitrate, ammonium, and urea) had been applied factorially. N fertilizer treatment increased soluble N levels by as much as 19 times control values, whereas total N was increased at most 40%. Total N in 1-year-old foliage, current twigs, and roots, and guanidino compounds in 1-year-old twigs were consistently different for different N treatment levels. Sixty percent of the variance in plant size measurements could be explained by six N measurements, including total N, in multiple regression.In a second experiment, concentrations of arginine and proline, in addition to concentrations of ninhydrin-positive compounds, guanidino compounds, and total N, were determined in foliage of.
Dynamic compressive behaviour and microstructural evolution of extrusion-shear deformed ZC61 alloy

In this study, a novel extrusion-shear (ES) deformation method was developed to prepare ZC61 alloy. The dynamic mechanical properties and microstructure of specimen were studied at a temperature in the range of 25–350°C and strain rate of 1300 s−1. The results demonstrated by ES exhibited a strong {0001} basal texture, resulting in the obvious anisotropy. The shapes of stress–strain curves of samples exhibited significant differences at low temperature (<250 °C) when compression was carried out along extrusion direction (ED) and extrusion radial direction (ERD). Dynamic recrystallization occurred at the loading temperature of 300°C along ED due to the energy provided by high-density dislocation in twins. However, no obvious dynamic recrystallization was observed for the ERD samples.
Improving Spatial-Spectral Classification of Hyperspectral Imagery by Using Extended Minimum Spanning Forest Algorithm

Abstract Many researches have demonstrated that the spatial information can play an important role in the classification of hyperspectral imagery. Recently, an effective approach for spatial-spectral classification has been proposed using Minimum Spanning Forest (MSF) algorithm. Our goal is to improve this approach to the classification of hyperspectral images in urban areas. In the proposed method two spatial/texture features, using wavelet and Gabor filters, are first extracted. The Weighted Genetic (WG) algorithm is then used to obtain the subspace of hyperspectral data and texture features. They are then fed into a novel marker-based MSF classification algorithm. In this algorithm, the markers are extracted from the two spatial-spectral classification maps. To evaluate the efficiency of the proposed approach two image datasets, Pavia University acquired by ROSIS-03 and Berlin by HyMap, were used. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed approach achieves approximately 17% and 14% better overall accuracy than the original MSF-based algorithm for these datasets, respectively.
Effects of rice bran and glycerin supplementation on metabolic and productive responses of beef cows

ABSTRACT Fifty-seven primiparous Angus, Hereford, and crossbred cows were used to study the effect of strategic supplementation on metabolic, productive, and reproductive responses. The experiment had two periods including four phases: prepartum supplementation (phase I; 52 days), early postpartum (phase II; 43 days), pre-mating supplementation (phase III; 21 days), and the last phase including mating, gestation, and lactation until weaning (phase IV; 103 days). Phases I and II were considered as period 1, and phases III and IV were considered [. ]
The effect of direction of shoot growth on fruitfulness and yield of sultana vines

Experiments are described in which the effect of training sultana shoots vertically or horizontally was tested. Horizontal training of shoots caused reduction in fruitfulness in all cases, with the exception of one experiment with very vigorous young vines. Vertical growth tended to improve vigour, in which case fruitfulness was greater, but this effect decreased with increasing numbers of vertical canes per vine. Increased yield was obtained in one year out of three in a field trial where the shoots to be used as pruning wood were encouraged to grow vertically. It is concluded that increased fruitfulness will result from measures which improve the vigour of shoots, such as vertical training, preservation of the shoot tip, or prevention of early trailing of the shoot; and that shoots which have grown horizontally should be avoided as pruning canes.
LIFE HISTORY DIFFERENCES AND TREE SPECIES COEXISTENCE IN AN OLD-GROWTH NEW ZEALAND RAIN FOREST

We examined stand disturbance history, population structures, spatial relationships of age classes and size classes, and tree growth histories in an old-growth temperate rain forest in southern New Zealand. We aimed to determine the role of juvenile and adult life history differences in promoting coexistence of the four main overstory species (Nothofagus menziesii, Weinmannia racemosa, Dacrydium cupressinum, and Prumnopitys ferruginea). There was no evidence that major compositional shifts were occurring: N. menziesii, D. cupressinum, and P. ferruginea were represented by all-aged populations, indicating continual recruitment of all three species within the 5-ha study area during recent centuries. No age data were obtained for W. racemosa, but the diameter distribution of this species was consistent with an all-aged population structure. The temporal distribution of releases in tree ring sequences suggested a history of chronic patchy disturbance during at least the last 400 years. Ring width sequences we.
Coronary Event Analysis in Breast Cancer Patients Who Received Breast-Conserving Surgery and Post-Operative Radiotherapy: a Korean Nationwide Cohort Study

Purpose Adjuvant breast radiotherapy (RT) following breast-conserving surgery (BCS) has been reported to induce cardiac toxicity in breast cancer patients. We investigated the incidence and risk factors of major coronary events after breast RT using Korean nationwide Health Insurance Review and Assessment data. Methods Using data from a nationwide quality assessment of breast cancer treatment, we identified 3,251 patients who received breast RT after BCS in 2013. Data about major coronary events were additionally collected from national claims data. We defined major coronary events according to the International Classification of Diseases, 10th revision (ICD-10) codes I20-25. Results A total of 172 major coronary events (5.3%) occurred among 3,251 breast cancer patients. The 1-year, 2-year, and 3-year coronary event-free survival rates were 98.1%, 96.4% and 95.2%, respectively. Patients with underlying diabetes mellitus (88.6% vs. 95.7%, p < 0.001), high blood pressure (HBP) (89.4% vs. 96.3%, p < 0.001), and cerebrovascular accident (CVA) (84.0% vs. 95.4%, p < 0.001) showed significantly worse 3-year coronary event-free survival rates than those without comorbidities. Multivariate analysis revealed that patient age (p < 0.001), HBP (p < 0.001), CVA (p = 0.025), adjuvant hormonal therapy (p = 0.034), and Herceptin therapy (p < 0.001) were significantly associated with major coronary events in breast cancer patients. Conclusion The incidence of major coronary events after breast RT may be higher in breast-cancer patients with risk factors such as underlying HBP or CVA, or who were in receipt of adjuvant Herceptin therapy. Heart-sparing RT techniques or intensity-modulated RT should be considered for breast-cancer patients with risk factors for heart toxicity.
Estiolamento, incisão na base da estaca e uso do ácido indolbutírico na propagação da caramboleira por estacas lenhosas

Objetivou-se, neste trabalho, avaliar o efeito do estiolamento, da incisao na base da estaca e do tratamento com acido indolbutirico (AIB) no enraizamento de estacas lenhosas de caramboleira. As estacas foram padronizadas com um par de folhas inteiras e 12 cm de comprimento. O experimento foi conduzido em delineamento estatistico inteiramente casualizado, em arranjo fatorial 3 x 4, onde os fatores estudados foram tecnicas aplicadas nas estacas (estiolamento, ferimento na base e controle) e diferentes concentracoes de AIB (0; 3.000; 6.000 e 9.000 mg L-1). As estacas lenhosas foram utilizadas como tratamento-controle. O estiolamento foi realizado 45 dias antes da retirada da estaca no ramo, envolvendo-se a base da futura estaca com fita plastica preta. A incisao na base da estaca foi realizada no preparo das mesmas, atraves de dois cortes na base. As estacas foram mantidas em câmara de nebulizacao intermitente e, apos 75 dias, avaliaram-se as porcentagens de estacas enraizadas, de estacas vivas, de formacao de calos e o numero de raizes emitidas por estaca. Concluiu-se que as tecnicas de estiolamento e ferimento na base da estaca, e a aplicacao de AIB nao induziram a formacao de raizes em estacas lenhosas de caramboleira.
VARIATIONS DE DURÉE DE L'ANŒSTRUS DE LACTATION CHEZ LES BREBIS DE RACE ILE-DE-FRANCE

HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of scientific research documents, whether they are published or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers. L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés. VARIATIONS DE DURÉE DE L’ANŒSTRUS DE LACTATION CHEZ LES BREBIS DE RACE ILE-DE-FRANCE P. Mauléon, L. Dauzier, C. Cornu
An Agent-Based Model of Collective Decision-Making: How Information Sharing Strategies Scale With Information Overload

Organizations rely on teams for complex decision-making. By bringing diverse information together and utilizing information sharing strategies, teams can make intelligent decisions. However, as organizations face increasing information overload, it has become unclear whether such strategies remain adequate or whether bounds on human rationality will prevail. We develop an agent-based model that simulates information sharing in teams, where critical information is distributed across its members. We tested how robust various information sharing strategies are to information overload and bounds on rationality in terms of the speed and accuracy of collective decision-making. Our results suggest distinct strategies depending on whether speed or accuracy is imperative and, more broadly, shed light on how intelligence is best attained in collective decision-making.
Life history and reproduction of two species of predacious mites, Phytoseiulus persimilis Athias-Henriot and Amblyseius andersoni (Chant) (Acarina: Phytoseiidae)

The basic biological characteristics of two species of predacious phytoseiid mites, Phytoseiulus persimilis and Amblyseius andersoni, were studied in the laboratory. The results showed that P. persimilis had a higher reproductive rate during a shorter oviposition period and produced more progeny than A. andersoni. Amblyseius andersoni is considered to be along-lived phytoseiid and its rate of predation on adult female spider mites was higher than that of P. persimilis. With both species, unmated females did not reproduce and consumed significantly fewer prey than mated females.
Body weight as an effective tool for determination of onset of puberty in captive female Nile hippopotami (Hippopotamus amphibious)

Profiles of fecal progestogens and body weight from the early juvenile to the peri-pubertal period are presented for eight captive female Nile hippopotami housed at Disney's Animal Kingdom in Florida. Average growth rate in juveniles was 0.85±0.03 kg/day (r2=0.913). Progestogen elevations were detectable as early as 16.8 months of age, and elevations indicative of ovulation and luteal activity were identified in seven of eight females by 30.3±1.6 months of age and body weight of 829.3±49.4 kg. Progestogen patterns before the onset of puberty were highly variable within and between females. Some females remained at baseline concentrations, whereas in others the progestogen pattern was characterized by infrequent, transient elevations of low amplitude and shortened duration. Four females were monitored through onset of puberty, conception, and first pregnancy. Onset of puberty was defined as the first luteal phase from the series of consecutive ovarian cycles culminating in conception and was observed at 34.9±2.2 months of age and 963.6±39.4 kg, however, the quality and number of cycles varied among females before conception. Females conceived between 2.7–3.9 years of age after attaining an approximate threshold body weight of 1,000 kg (1,070.5±39.5 kg). The age at first conception in captivity occurs at a younger age than has been reported for wild populations. Body weight may be an effective tool for approximating the state of reproductive maturity and facilitate collection management in zoos. Zoo Biol. 0:1–13, 2005. © 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc.