Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Exposure to lead in the pre- and neonatal periods may result in brain inflammation

Abstract One of the proinflammatory agents in the human body is lead (Pb), which can enter the blood through the skin, respiratory tract and digestive tract, causing poisoning. Its most significant target is the central nervous system (CNS). Although studies on Pb neurotoxicity have been conducted for many years, the proinflammatory effect of Pb on the brain is rarely reported in contrast to other human tissues and organs. Lead neurotoxicity has been defined as a significant paediatric health problem as the foetal stage is a very susceptible period for Pb exposure at whole blood levels below 10 µg/dL (Pb neurotoxicity threshold in children). However, the mechanisms of the neurotoxic action of Pb in causing brain defects remain unclear. In this review we discuss the role of the blood-brain barrier in the neurotoxicity of Pb, and the role of cytokines as inflammatory mediators (specially interleukin-1 and interleukin-6, nuclear transcription factor κB, cyclooxygenase-1 and cyclooxygenase-2, prostaglandin E2, transforming growth factor β. We also discuss the influence of pre- and neonatal exposure to Pb on inflammatory reactions in the brain.
Popular Islam in northern Pakistan and its reconstruction in urban Britain

The core of this paper is an empirical account of the way in which Islam - as popularly understood - pervades the lives, thoughts, and experiences of the rural population of Pakistani Punjab. It then goes on to suggest that these understandings - which often differ sharply from those currently regarded as 'orthodox' - are nevertheless directly inspired by a creative admixture between spiritual traditions which are indigenous to South Asia and the teachings of Muin-ud-Din Ibn 'Arabi. Last but not least it considers the additional transformations which are currently being precipitated as this tradition re-establishes itself in the UK.
ASSESSMENT OF DIASTOLIC FUNCTION OF RIGHT AND LEFT VENTRICLES IN INFANTS OF DIABETIC MOTHERS WITH RESPIRATORY DISTRESS SYNDROME

Background: The present study was a Descriptive case-control study done that included infants of diabetic mothers with respiratory distress syndrome and infants of diabetic mothers without respiratory distress syndrome. Healthy full-term neonates were also included as a control. Infants of diabetic mothers are frequently suffered from several cardiac and respiratory complications. Cardiovascular compromise is a common complication of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (RDS). Our study assessed the diastolic function in infants of diabetic mothers with RDS and report that they are more likely to develop increase diastolic dysfunction than infants of non-diabetic mothers. Aim: The purpose of this study was to assess the diastolic function of right and left ventricles using Conventional Doppler and Tissue Doppler Imaging (TDI) in infants of diabetic mothers with RDS and infants of diabetic mothers without RDS. Methods: The study was conducted in neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) in Bab-Alsheria hospital, Pediatric department, Faculty of medicine, Al-Azhar University, cairo, in the period from June 2018 to February 2019 . The present work was conducted on forty neonates IDM ( 20 with RDS, 20 without RDS) and 20 (control), the degree of RDS was clinically scored by Downes’ score All have: Detailed history- clinical examination-Plain X-ray- Tissue Doppler Imaging (TDI) and Doppler echocardiographic . Results: Show significant higher value in IVS, Mitral A wave velocity and Tricuspid A wave velocity in IDMs with RDS compared to IDMs without RDS and control group. And significant lower values in Mitral E-wave velocity, Mitral E/A ratio, Tricuspid E-wave velocity, and Tricuspid E/A ratio in IDMs with RDS compared to IDMs without RDS and control group . Tissue Doppler Imaging (TDI) shows both the left and right ventricle myocardial velocities were found to be lower in the infant of diabetic mothers with RDS compared to the control group. Conclusion: Infants of diabetic mothers with RDS are more prone to diastolic dysfunction and increase myocardial thickness compared with AGA- infants of diabetic mothers without RDS and control group.
Scanning Electron Microscopic and Histologic Study of the Effect of Curcumin on Healing of Induced Palatal Mucosal Ulcer in Albino Rats

Introduction: Wound healing is a highly complicated event attained through precisely programmed phases. Curcumin was used as a flavoring and coloring agent. It also exhibited remarkable properties in medicinal therapy.Aim: This study aimed to investigate the therapeutic effect of curcumin on healing of induced palatal ulcer in a rat model.Material & Methods: Thirty six male Albino rats were divided into three groups. Group I (Control group): rats were given the vehicle solution. Group II (ulcer induced group): ulcers were created on the hard palatal mucosa of rats of this group. Group III (curcumin & ulcer induced group): ulcers were induced then rats were daily given 200mg/kg of curcumin starting from the day of ulceration. The animals were sacrificed such that two rats from the control group and five rats from the experimental groups were sacriﬁced after three, six and twelve days post ulceration. Specimens were prepared for histological examination and scanning electron microscopic assessment. Results: Histological examination revealed better enhancement of ulcer healing and epithelization together with establishment of more dense collagen bundles in group III samples when compared to group II throughout the examined experimental periods. Scanning electron microscopic results supported the histological findings showing significant reduction of the ulcer size in group III specimens.Conclusion: oral administration of curcumin has beneﬁcial effects in accelerating wound healing and improving all phases of wound repair of palatal ulcer in rats.
Role of Top Management Advocacy in SME’s Business Sustainability: A Mediation through Technology Opportunism

JEL Classification: O32; O33; Q55; Q56. This study examines the role of top management advocacy of new technology and technology opportunism in advancing business sustainability (i.e. Environmental, economic and social). It also investigates the mediation effect of technology opportunism between top management advocacy and business sustainability. A survey based on emails and physical visits to the SME sector of Pakistan, to collect the data from the key informants and the owners of the SMEs. Random sampling technique is used to collect the data and for the analysis, we use Smart PLS version 3. The results demonstrated the strong impact of top management advocacy of new technology on business sustainability. The findings confirmed the significant and positive impact technology opportunism on business sustainability and it also shows a fully mediation between top management advocacy and business sustainability. The findings suggest several practical implications for managers in the SME sector.
Mapping of the Somatosensory Cortex

Intraoperative sensory cortical mapping is a reliable and safe method for the functional localization of the central sulcus (CS). It is utilized during neurosurgical procedures performed near eloquent brain tissue. It helps in identifying the somatosensory cortex and CS, hence preventing any postoperative neurological deficits. When executed properly, this method can identify the somatosensory cortex for both the upper and lower limbs by locating the CS. This technical report outlines the benefits of cortical sensory mapping (CsM) and detailed methodology. With the help of a properly trained intraoperative neuromonitoring staff who can accurately interpret the signals being monitored, CsM can help in injury prevention during brain surgeries.
Measurement report: Leaf-scale gas exchange of atmospheric reactive
trace species (NO2, NO, O3) at a northern hardwood forest in
Michigan

During the Program for Research on Oxidants: PHotochemistry, Emissions, and Transport (PROPHET) campaign from 21 July to 3 August 2016, field experiments on leaf-level trace gas exchange of nitric oxide (NO), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and ozone (O3) were conducted for the first time on the native American tree species Pinus strobus (eastern white pine), Acer rubrum (red maple), Populus grandidentata (bigtooth aspen), and Quercus rubra (red oak) in a temperate hardwood forest in Michigan, USA. We measured the leaf-level trace gas exchange rates and investigated the existence of an NO2 compensation point, hypothesized based on a comparison of a previously observed average diurnal cycle of NOx (NO2+NO) concentrations with that simulated using a multi-layer canopy exchange model. Known amounts of trace gases were introduced into a tree branch enclosure and a paired blank reference enclosure. The trace gas concentrations before and after the enclosures were measured, as well as the enclosed leaf area (single-sided) and gas flow rate to obtain the trace gas fluxes with respect to leaf surface. There was no detectable NO uptake for all tree types. The foliar NO2 and O3 uptake largely followed a diurnal cycle, correlating with that of the leaf stomatal conductance. NO2 and O3 fluxes were driven by their concentration gradient from ambient to leaf internal space. The NO2 loss rate at the leaf surface, equivalently the foliar NO2 deposition velocity toward the leaf surface, ranged from 0 to 3.6 mm s−1 for bigtooth aspen and from 0 to 0.76 mm s−1 for red oak, both of which are ∼ 90 % of the expected values based on the stomatal conductance of water. The deposition velocities for red maple and white pine ranged from 0.3 to 1.6 and from 0.01 to 1.1 mm s−1, respectively, and were lower than predicted from the stomatal conductance, implying a mesophyll resistance to the uptake. Additionally, for white pine, the extrapolated velocity at zero stomatal conductance was 0.4± 0.08 mm s−1, indicating a non-stomatal uptake pathway. The NO2 compensation point was ≤ 60 ppt for all four tree species and indistinguishable from zero at the 95 % confidence level. This agrees with recent reports for several European and California tree species but contradicts some earlier experimental results where the compensation points were found to be on the order of 1 ppb or higher. Given that the sampled tree types represent 80 %–90 % of the total leaf area at this site, these results negate the previously hypothesized important role of a leaf-scale NO2 compensation point. Consequently, to reconcile these findings, further detailed comparisons between the observed and simulated inand above-canopy NOx concentrations and the leafand canopy-scale NOx fluxes, using the multi-layer canopy exchange model with consideration of the leaf-scale NOx deposition velocities as well as stomatal conductances reported here, are recommended.
Author response to Anonymous Referee #2 for “Hydrodynamics of long-duration urban floods: experiments and numerical modelling”

The paper deals with flood propagation in urban areas. Authors performed laboratory experiments in a typical urban district, containing 7 streets along each direction (in total 49 intersections). In total, 16 tests were conducted (i.e. 16 inflow conditions). The authors apply a 2D shallow-water model to simulate the experimental set-up and investigate the role of 15 roughness and turbulence model. They also discuss the up-scaling of the laboratory observations to the field. The topic of the paper is of interest for NNES readers. The paper is well structured and generally well-written. The laboratory experiments are new and complete the existing ones, although I regret that neither velocity nor flow depth in street intersections were measured, which would provide a nice assessment of the performance of numerical models. Many researchers have provided empirical equations giving the flow partition in street-intersections, but authors cannot use their 20 laboratory measurements to assess some equations (which are actually useful when 1D models are used for simulating urban floods) because the experimental flow partition between is not avaialble in-between all the intersections. The 2D numerical simulations and comparisons with the laboratory observations are sound. I particularly appreciated the discussion section. I would recommend acceptation of the paper with minor revisions. There are still some issues to be addressed by the authors. The most important are: . 25
PROXIMATE AND MINERAL COMPOSITIONS OF SCHILBE MYSTUS (LINNE 1758) AND HETEROTIS NILOTICUS (CUVIER 1829) OLANREWAJU,

The nutrient composition of fish has been established to vary with species and growing environment. Hence, the proximate composition and mineral contents of Schilbe mystus and Heterotis niloticus in Lake Alau were investigated to determine their nutritive value. A total of 10 fresh samples of each species obtained from fishermen catch (weight: 315.20 – 436.10 g) were separately stunted, de-gutted, washed, grounded and analyzed for moisture, crude protein, fat, ash, carbohydrate, calcium, iron, sodium, potassium and magnesium following standard procedures. Mean moisture (62.95 ± 1.97 %) and ash (2.40 ± 0.21 %) contents were higher in H. niloticus, while crude protein content (35.20 ± 1.48 %) was significantly higher (p<0.05) in S. mystus. Also, the fat content was significantly higher in H. niloticus (12.20 ± 1.08 %) than in S. mystus (3.97 ± 0.39 %). Carbohydrate value was higher (p>0.05) in S. mystus (2.20 ± 0.33 %) than in H. niloticus (1.85 ± 1.01 %). Values of iron (1.16 ± 0.35 %) and potassium (5.50 ± 0.50 %) were marginally higher in S. mystus, while sodium (85.10 ± 12.81 %) was significantly higher (p<0.05) in S. mystus. This study thus provides baseline information on the present nutritive status of the two freshwater finfish species in Lake Alau.
Impact of Pasteurization Process on the Quality and Marination Properties of Onion Juice

This study aims to compare UV-C irradiation and conventional heat treatment to produce pasteurized onion juice used as a meat marinating agent. The process conditions maximizing the inactivation of target microorganism Escherichia coli K-12 were; 0.5 mm sample depth, 30 min irradiation, 7.5 mW/cm2 UV incident intensity for UV-C and, 74.5°C and 12 min for heat treatment. Except pH and non-enzymatic browning index, differences between physicochemical properties of raw, UV-C and heat-treated onion juices were significant. Springiness and chewiness of unmarinated beefsteaks were higher compared to the ones marinated with the fresh and pasteurized onion juice (UV-C and heat). Pasteurization of onion juice (UV-C and heat) did not significantly affect general liking scores compared to beefsteaks marinated in untreated onion juice.
Comparative Evaluation of Efficacy of ProTaper® Universal Rotary Retreatment System for Gutta-percha Removal from Single Root Canals, Obturated with Two Different Techniques: In Vitro Cone-beam Computed Tomography Study

Ab s t r Ac t Aim: To compare and evaluate the efficacy of ProTaper® Universal retreatment system (URS) files in retrieval of gutta-percha (GP) from the canals obturated with two different obturation techniques, using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). Materials and methods: Fifty-two extracted maxillary central incisors fulfilling inclusion criteria were decoronated and prepared with ProTaper® rotary files till F3 file size. Specimens were randomly divided into two groups and were obturated with GP. The first group was obturated with cold lateral condensation technique and second group was obturated with thermoplasticized GP technique. The root fillings were retrieved from the canals using ProTaper® URS files. Preoperative and postoperative CBCT imaging was employed to assess the residual filling material in the canals. ITK-Snap software was used to calculate volume of filling material in the canals. Data were entered into Microsoft excel worksheet and analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences, version 18.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). Descriptive statistics with percentage mean and standard deviation was computed. Independent sample t test was used to test the difference between study groups. Results: Residual root canal fillings were detected in all specimens. The mean volume percentage of remaining filling material was 10.69% ± 3.50 and 13.70% ± 3.63 in canals obturated with cold lateral condensation and thermoplasticized GP techniques, respectively. Conclusion: This study concluded that though ProTaper® URS failed to remove GP completely, it was more efficient in the group of root canals obturated with cold lateral condensation than the canals obturated with thermoplasticized GP technique.
Impact of cod liver oil supplementation on the histological changes of the tongue dorsal surface in insulin treated streptozotocin induced diabetic rats

Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is one of the most common chronic metabolic disease that affecting all age. However, it has many complications such as stomatitis, delayed wound healing, mucosal neuro-sensory disorders. Cod liver oil (CLO) is an important source of ω-3 fatty acids that have anti-inflammatory effect. Objective: The present study designed to investigate the protective effect of cod liver oil (CLO) supplementation in ameliorating the histological changes of the tongue dorsal surface in streptozotocin (STZ) induced diabetic rats. Design: Forty adult male Swiss albino rats were randomly divided into four groups (n=10). Group (I) rats were received single intraperitoneal injection of 1 ml/kg citrate buffer. Group (II) rats were received single intraperitoneal injection of 60mg/kg STZ freshly dissolved in 1 ml/kg citrate buffer, blood samples were obtained and fasting glycaemia was measured to confirm the development of diabetes. Group (III) after confirmation of diabetes rats were received subcutaneous injection of human insulin with a dose (5 IU/kg/d). Group (IV) rats were treated as in group (III) and received pure cod liver oil with a dose (60mg/Kg /d) by intra-gastric intubation. After four weeks, animals were scarified and tongues were dissected and the prepared sections were examined histologically by H&E, histochemically by Masson Trichrome stain (MTC) and morphomtrical analysis. Data obtained from morphomtrical analysis were statistically described in terms of mean ± standard deviation (± SD). Results: Histological examination of Group I revealed the normal features of the dorsal surface of tongue and shape of filiform papillae. In Group II has evident hyperkeratosis and loss of conical shape of filiform papillae. Group (III) has better epithelium and keratin layer and shape of filiform papillae. Group IV has histological features resembling nearly those of group I. The morphometric analysis confirmed the previous results as group I showed the highest mean epithelium thickness, followed by Group IV, then Group III and the least value was for Group II. Conclusions: diabetes has a deleterious effect on dorsal surface of the tongue. Insulin can’t completely inhibit the complications of diabetes. However, ω-3 fatty acids present in CLO has protective effect on these abnormalities caused by diabetes.
Cost-effective strategies in the follow-up of people with confirmed colorectal adenomas for the prevention and early detection of colorectal cancer in the National Health Insurance, South Korea.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer amongst South Koreans. Indirect evidence suggested CRC can be prevented, if not cured through the early detection and the subsequent removal of the precursor of CRC using colonoscopy (COL), the colorectal adenoma (polypectomy). The main aim of this thesis is to identify cost-effective strategies in the follow-up of people with confirmed colorectal adenomas (COL surveillance) for the prevention and early detection of colorectal cancer in the colorectal cancer screening (CRCS), National Health Insurance in Korea. To fulfil the main aim of this study, the following specific objectives were carried out: Estimation of adenoma recurrence post-polypectomy, identification of resources used in the CRCS and CRC treatment and the mapping of common pathways in the CRCS – this was achieved through a collaboration with a researcher in Korea by constructing a CRC cohort utilising the NHI data (2009-2012); Examination of the relevant cost-effectiveness evidence of COL surveillance in individuals with adenomas – this was achieved by conducting a review of the cost-effectiveness evidence in the prevention and early detection of CRC; A literature review of the Health State Utility Values (HSUVs) was conducted to identify methodologically robust HSUVs with health states of interest, this information was used for economic evaluation of COL surveillance; Identification of cost-effective strategies for COL surveillance utilising the findings from previous objectives. Results from a de novo cost-utility analysis indicated that a 0LR3HR (a COL 3 years post- polypectomy for high-risk) strategy is expected to be the most cost-effective in the follow-up of people with confirmed adenomas in the CRCS, NHI. The findings of this study will inform the COL surveillance policy in the CRCS, NHI. Approaches taken in this study and the findings can provide a foundation for further comparative policy analyses in other Asian countries where similar rates of CRC are observed.
TPM Vol

Student engagement has traditionally been defined as a metaconstruct made up of three aspects: emotional, behavioral, and cognitive. Recently, however, a fourth component has been proposed, namely the agentic one. Notwithstanding the widely recognized importance of investigating student engagement, in Italy a validated scale suitable for this purpose does not exist. The present work represents a first contribution to the validation in Italy of a questionnaire designed to measure student engagement in high school. By combining two separate questionnaires (i.e., the Student Engagement Scale and the Agentic Engagement Scale) within a single instrument, this study focuses on the psychometric properties of a four-dimensional student engagement scale on 1,210 Italian secondary school students. Results confirm the robustness of the four-dimensional structure of the student engagement scale.
Hypertension in Elderly – Pathogenesis and Treatment

“Old age is like a plane flying through a storm. Once you’re aboard, there’s nothing you can do. ” -Golda Meir Hypertension (HTN) is a leading risk factor in the aged for cardio/cerebrovascular events, the prevalence of which increases with age. Pathophysiologically, it differs from HTN of the young (altered structure and function of conduit arteries vis-a-vis resistance vessels of the young). Older hypertensives have altered or downregulated biological functions, have multiple comorbidities warranting polypharmacy with attendant drug interactions� Elevated blood pressure (BP) is the most common cause of mortality over the globe, being responsible for about 13% of all deaths every year, accounting for about 57 million disability-adjusted life years�[1] The prevalence of elevated BP worldwide in 2008 was about 40%, being highest in the WHO African region (46%) and lowest in the Americas (35% in both sexes). The prevalence of uncontrolled HTN has increased by approximately 600 million compared to that in 1980�[2] The burden of HTN is rising globally due to the growth of the obese and aged population and is projected to affect around 70% of the global population by 2025�[3] Abstract