Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect of mine dewatering on the peatlands of the James Bay Lowland: the role of marine sediments on mitigating peatland drainage

The wetlands of the James Bay Lowland comprise one of largest wetland complexes in the world, in part due to the properties (thickness and hydraulic conductivity) of the marine sediment (MS) that underlay them. Dewatering of an open‐pit diamond mine is depressurizing the surrounding Silurian bedrock below the MS. Prior to mining, it was assumed that these MS would largely isolate the overlying peatlands from the depressurized regional bedrock aquifer. To assess this isolation, we instrumented a 1.5 km long transect of wells and piezometers located within the zone of the mine's influence that crossed a sequence of bogs, fens, and bedrock outcrops (bioherms). Results were differentiated between those areas with no MS (near bioherms) and those underlain by MS (non‐bioherm) along the transect. Between 2007 and 2010 at near‐bioherm and non‐bioherm locations, average peat water tables declined 71 and 31 cm, and hydraulic head declined 66 and 32 cm, in bioherm and non‐bioherm locations, respectively. Gradients varied from near zero (−0.001) at the start of dewatering to −0.03 (after 5 years) in non‐bioherm areas and from −0.20 to −0.45 in near‐bioherm areas. These gradients corresponded to fluxes (groundwater recharge) of approximately −0.26 mm/day and −2.1 mm/day, in non‐ and near‐bioherm areas, respectively. Specific discharge (recharge) determined using the known mine dewatering rate and drawdown cone heads and areas corresponded well with measured recharge determined in the non‐bioherm transect locations. A simple rearrangement of Darcy's Law used to calculate the specific discharge highlighted how the ratio of hydraulic conductivity to the thickness of the MS can be used to assess vulnerable areas. Therefore, given the increasing development in Ontario's Far North, considerable attention must be given to both the thickness and hydraulic conductivity of MS. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Role of Color in Visual Search in Real-world Scenes: Evidence from Contextual Cuing

1366 Contextual cuing is a process by which long-term memory representations for previously encountered visual displays are used to facilitate search. When people are repeatedly exposed to a specific arrangement of target and distractor items, search becomes progressively faster (e.g., Chun & Jiang, 1998) and is driven by fewer and more direct eye movements toward the target (Brockmole & Hender-son, 2006a; Peterson & Kramer, 2001). Thus, through experience with the visual world, people are able to learn the likely locations of particular objects in particular contexts and to use their memory for these associations to guide attention in visually based tasks However, the speed and magnitude of the learning benefit varies across stimulus types, with natural-scene–target covariation being learned up to 5 times faster and yielding a benefit of up to 20 times greater. The differences in learning speed and the magnitude of the search benefit across stimuli hint that different mechanisms may underlie contextual cuing, depending on the nature of the context available. Indeed, evidence suggests that whereas contextual cuing in arrays of letters and shapes is an implicit-learning process (Chun & Jiang, 1998), learning is explicit when scenes are employed as context (Brockmole & Henderson, 2006b). Given this difference, at a minimum, it is clear that paradigms using nonscene stimuli have led only to a partial characterization of contextual cuing within the real world. Given the ubiquity of visual search in our everyday interactions with the visual world, it is therefore imperative that the mechanisms underlying contextual cuing in real-world scenes receive as much attention as has been prescribed to artificial stimulus arrays. One critical issue concerning contextual cuing specifically , and the development of behaviorally functional scene memory generally, is the nature of the information that is used to reference target position. Although critical properties of visual displays have been extensively studied in simple arrays of letters and shapes, there have been few studies in which the question of which visual aspects of real-world scenes are critical to learning context–target contingencies has been considered. One recent exception contrasted the roles of global and local contexts for con-textual cuing in naturalistic scenes. Whereas contextual cuing in simple stimulus arrays is driven by associations between the target and a small subset of nearby items (Jiang & Wagner, 2004; Olson & Chun, 2002), contextual cuing in scenes depends on stable covariation between the target and global scene features (Brockmole et …
Cellulase Production of Trichoderma reesei Rut C 30

Various techniques are available for the conversion of lignocellulosics to fuel ethanol. During the last decade processes based on enzymatic hydroly­ sis of cellulose have been investigated more extensively, showing good yield on both hardwood and softwood. The cellulase production of a filamentous fungi, Trichoderma reesei Rut C 30, was examined on carbon sources obtained after steam pretreatment of spruce. These materials were washed fibrous steam-pretreated spruce (SPS), and hemicellulose hydrolysate. The hemicel­ lulose hydrolysate contained, besides water-soluble carbohydrates, lignin and sugar degradation products, which were formed during the pretreat­ ment and proved to be inhibitory to microorganisms. Experiments were performed in a 4-L laboratory fermentor. The hydrolytic capacity of the pro­ duced enzyme solutions was compared with two commercially available enzyme preparations, Celluclast and Iogen Cellulase, on SPS, washed SPS, and Solka Floc cellulose powder. There was no significant difference among the different enzymes produced by T. reesei Rut C 30. However, the conver­ sion of cellulose using these enzymes was higher than that obtained with Iogen or Celluclast cellulases using steam-pretreated spruce as substrate. Index Entries: Cellulase production; steam-pretreated spruce; enzymatic capacity of cellulases; filter paper activity measurement; Trichoderma.
Risk Assessment and Regulation of D5 in Canada FUGACITY AND ACTIVITY ANALYSIS OF THE BIOACCUMULATION AND ENVIRONMENTAL RISKS OF DECAMETHYLCYCLOPENTASILOXANE (D5)

Aspartofaninitiativetoevaluatecommercialchemicalsfortheireffectsonhumanandenvironmentalhealth,Canadarecently evaluated decamethylcyclopentasiloxane (D5; CAS no. 541-02-06), a high-volume production chemical used in many personal care products. The evaluation illustrated the challenges encountered in environmental risk assessments and the need for the development of better tools to increase the weight of evidence in environmental risk assessments. The present study presents a new risk analysis method that applies thermodynamic principles of fugacity and activity to express the results of field monitoring and laboratory bioaccumulation and toxicity studies in a comprehensive risk analysis that can support risk assessments. Fugacity and activity ratios of D5 derived from bioaccumulation measures indicate that D5 does not biomagnify in food webs, likely because of biotransformation. The fugacity and activity analysis further demonstrates that reported no-observed-effect concentrations of D5 normally cannot occur in the environment. Observed fugacities and activities in the environment are, without exception, far below those corresponding with no observed effects, in many cases by several orders of magnitude. This analysis supports the conclusion of the Canadian Board of Review and the Minister of the Environment that D5 does not pose a danger to the environment. The present study further illustrates some of the limitations of a persistence-bioaccumulation-toxicity-type criteria-based risk assessment approach and discusses the merits of the fugacity and activity approach to increase the weight of evidence and consistency in environmental risk assessments of commercial chemicals. EnvironToxicolChem2015;9999:1-9. #2015TheAuthors.EnvironmentalToxicologyandChemistryPublishedbyWileyPeriodicals, Inc. on behalf of SETAC.
Late cretaceous quartz geodes after anhydrite from Burgos, Spain

Abstract The present work describes the quartz geodes (cauliflower-like) that appear in a specific level of the Late Cretaceous (north of Burgos). Due to their special characteristics, principally anhydrite relicts and spherulitic quartz (length-slow chalcedony), they are considered as pseudomorphs of anhydrite nodules, formed during early diagenesis. At the same level compact chert nodules sporadically appear, presenting a considerable amount of sponge spicules with fibrous texture (length-fast chalcedony). The silicification of the anhydrite nodules took place before total compaction and cementation of the sediment. The source of silica is principally biogenic (sponge spicules). We offer a hypothesis to explain the formation of the anhydrite nodules since there is no link between the depositional environment and the existence in itself of anhydrite nodules. Indirectly it is possible to see the effects of an arid climate, which have not been recorded in the lithologic column here described.
Prospective evaluation of prognostic impact of KIT mutations on acute myeloid leukemia with RUNX1-RUNX1T1 and CBFB-MYH11.

The prognostic impact of KIT mutation on core-binding factor acute myeloid leukemia (CBF-AML) remains controversial. We registered 199 newly diagnosed de novo CBF-AML patients, aged 16 to 64 years, who achieved complete remission. They received 3 courses of high-dose cytarabine therapy and no further treatment until hematological relapse. Mutations in exons 8, 10-11, and 17 of the KIT gene were analyzed. Furthermore, we analyzed mutations in 56 genes that are frequently identified in myeloid malignancies and evaluated minimal residual disease (MRD). The primary end point was relapse-free survival (RFS) according to KIT mutations. The RFS in KIT-mutated patients was inferior to that in unmutated patients (hazard ratio, 1.92; 95% confidence interval, 1.23-3.00; P = .003). Based on subgroup analysis, KIT mutations had a prognostic impact in patients with RUNX1-RUNX1T1, but not in those with CBFB-MYH11, and only exon 17 mutation had a significant prognostic impact. Multivariate Cox regression analysis with stepwise selection revealed that the KIT exon 17 mutation and the presence of extramedullary tumors in patients with RUNX1-RUNX1T1, and loss of chromosome X or Y and NRAS mutation in patients with CBFB-MYH11 were poor prognostic factors for RFS. MRD was evaluated in 112 patients, and it was associated with a poorer RFS in the patients with CBFB-MYH11, but not in those with RUNX1-RUNX1T1. These results suggested that it is necessary to separately evaluate AML with RUNX1-RUNX1T1 or CBFB-MYH11 according to appropriate prognostic factors. This study was registered at www.umin. ac.jp/ctr/ as #UMIN000003434.
GREEN a Multi-Sector, Multi-Region General Equilibrium Model for Quantifying the Costs of Curbing CO2 Emissions: A Technical Manual

The OECD Secretariat has developed a multi-region, multi-sector, dynamic applied general equilibrium (AGE) model to quantify the economy-wide and global costs of policies to curb emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2). The project is called the GeneRal Equilibrium ENvironment model, hereafter referred to as GREEN. The purpose of this paper is to provide a full technical description of the GREEN model, its data base and parametrisation as of April 1992. It replaces the previous version of the GREEN Technical Manual which was issued in June 1991 as Working Paper No. 104 . Le Secretariat de l'OCDE a construit un modele d'equilibre general dynamique, multi-sectoriel et multi-regional afin de quantifier les couts induits aux niveaux macroeconomique et mondial par les politiques visant a reduire les emissions de dioxide de carbone (CO2). Le nom du projet est GREEN, par reference a "GeneRal Equilibrium ENvironmental model". L'objet de cette publication est de fournir une documentation technique complete du modele GREEN, des donnees et de la parametrisation dans la version disponible en avril 1992. La presente note remplace la version precedente du manuel technique de GREEN qui a ete diffusee en juin 1991 sous la forme du document de travail n° 104 .
Detection of Chlamydia psittaci genotypes in fecal samples of homing pigeons in Croatia.

In this investigation fecal samples of altogether 232 homing pigeons lofts belonging to both racing and breeding pigeons were examined by specific real-time PCR to reveal the presence of Chlamydiaceae and randomly collected Chlamydia positive samples were genotyped by two different molecular methods ; C. psittaci-specific restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) and multilocus variable number of tandem repeats analysis (MLVA) scheme, in order to obtain relevant information about the prevalence of different genotypes, and to reveal the potential threat to human that are coming to closer contact with homing pigeons. Chlamydiosis in birds manifests as acute, inapparent, sub-clinical, and chronic disease, but frequently also as asymptomatic infection, which represents additional danger for public health. Nowadays, nine different genotypes of C. psittaci have been generally accepted, based on PCR amplification, as well as additional six provisional genotypes, based on DNA microarray. Predominant serotype/genotype in pigeons is B, but also other genotypes were discovers, as A, C and D, as well as mixed infection. Out of 232 examined samples, 30 (12.9%) of them turned to be PCR positive. Randomly, DNA from six positive fecal samples was further examined and the presence of C. psittaci was confirmed in all of them. According to RFLP genotyping, from 6 C. psittaci positive samples, 4 of them belonged to genotype B, and 2 strains remained untyped, due to the low concentration of isolated DNA. Regarding the MLVA typing, pattern assigned as 22146334 could be described as a classical “pigeon” MLVA pattern. Presence of 12.9% homing pigeons positive to Chlamydiaceae by PCR clearly demonstrates the presence of zoonotic microorganism and possible risk for pigeon’s fanciers that are coming in close contact with birds. Further investigations will be needed to clearly identify all positive samples, due to the possibility that some other Chlamydia species could be found in pigeons.
Author Manuscript

Blebbistatin is a recently discovered myosin II inhibitor. It is rapidly becoming a compound of choice to reduce motion artifacts during cardiac optical mapping, as well as to study cell motility and cell invasion. Although blebbistatin has a number of advantages over other electromechanical uncouplers, many of its properties have yet to be addressed. Here we describe several methodological issues associated with the use of blebbistatin, including its spectral properties, reversibility, and its effect on tissue metabolic state. We show that if precautions are not taken, perfusion with blebbistatin may result in blebbistatin precipitate that accumulates in the vasculature. Although such precipitate is fluorescent, it is not detectable within wavelength bands that are typically used for transmembrane voltage fluorescence imaging (i.e., emission wavelengths >600 nm). Therefore, blockage of the microcirculation by blebbistatin may cause data misinterpretation in studies that use voltage-sensitive dyes. Blebbistatin may also impact imaging of green fluorophores due to the spectral shift it causes in endogenous tissue fluorescence. 3D excitation–emission matrices of blebbistatin in precipitate form and in various solutions (DMSO, water, and 1 % aqueous albumin) revealed significant changes in the fluorescence of this © Springer-Verlag 2012 Correspondence to: Narine Sarvazyan, phynas@gmail.com. N IH PA Athor M anscript N IH PA Athor M anscript N IH PA Athor M anscript Swift et al. Page 2 molecule in different environments. Finally, we examined the reversibility of blebbistatin’s uncoupling effect on cardiac contraction. Our findings provide important new information about the properties of this myosin II inhibitor, which will aid in the proper design and interpretation of studies that use this compound.
EXPERIENCING FARMING IN STRESSFUL TIMES: A NATURALISTIC INQUIRY

The purpose of this study was to explore what it means to be farming in Saskatchewan today. Naturalistic inquiry using open-ended interviews provided the framework for four farmers’ narratives. The goal was to gain insight into farmers’ lives, to expand the understanding of farmers’ experiences, and to explore potential stressors of farming life. The farmers’ interviews revealed the heart, soul, and spirit of farming today. Although they said they were losing hope in farming, they demonstrated characteristics of determination, perseverance and tenacity that keep them farming. The insights learned from this sample of Saskatchewan farmers are relevant not only to farm families but also to new entrants into farming, professionals who work with farmers in challenging times, and government policy makers. This study may help to provide information, develop understanding of farmers’ needs, and raise questions that contribute to knowledge and meaning about how it is to farm in Saskatchewan today. Implications for practise and research conclude the study.
Family Caregiver Strain and Burden: A Systematic Review of Evidence-Based Interventions When Caring for Patients With Cancer.

BACKGROUND Caregivers of patients with cancer experience high levels of caregiver-related strain and burden (CGSB). Cancer caregiving is complex and can change dramatically depending on the cancer trajectory. Often, this experience leads to poor health outcomes for the caregiver. OBJECTIVES This review appraises the evidence on CGSB published from 2007 to October 2017. METHODS 128 interventional studies found in PubMed® and CINAHL® were appraised and categorized based on the Oncology Nursing Society's Putting Evidence Into Practice schema. FINDINGS Psychoeducation, supportive care/support interventions, and cognitive behavioral interventions are recommended to decrease CGSB. Caregiver skill training, couples therapy, decision support, mindfulness-based stress reduction, multicomponent interventions, and palliative care are likely to be effective. The evidence is not established for 13 interventions. Despite the proliferation of studies focusing on CGSB, studies with stronger designs and larger samples are needed.
Transport properties of internal gravity waves

Internal waves are produced as a consequence of the dynamic balance between buoyancy and gravity forces when a particle of fluid is vertically displaced in a stably stratified environment. Geophysical systems such as ocean and atmosphere are naturally stratified and therefore suitable for internal waves propagation. Furthermore, these two environments stock a vast amount of particles at their boundaries and in their bulk. Therefore, internal waves and particles will inexorably interact in these systems. In this work, exploratory experiments are performed to study wave generated erosive transport of particles. In order to determine a transport threshold, the peculiar properties of internal waves (“critical reflection”) are employed to increase the intensity of the wave field at the boundaries. A method was developed in collaboration with a signal processing team to improve the determination of the wave components involved in near-critical reflection. This method enabled us to compare our experimental results with a theory of critical reflection, showing good agreement and allowing to extrapolate these results to experiments beyond ours and to oceanic conditions. In addition, we study the interaction of internal waves with a column of particles in sedimentation. Two main effects are observed: the column oscillates around an equilibrium position, and it is displaced as a whole. The direction of the displacement of the column is explained by computing the effect of the Lagrangian drift of the waves. This effect could also explain the frequency dependence of the displacement.
Eccrine porocarcinoma : A case report and literature review

J Clin Exp Invest www.jceionline. org Vol 4, No 3, September 2013 1 Akdeniz University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Oncology, Antalya, Turkey 2 Dicle University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Oncology, Diyarbakir, Turkey Correspondence: Muhammet Ali Kaplan, Dicle University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Oncology, Diyarbakir, Turkey Email: drmali-kaplan@hotmail.com Received: 15.03. 2013, Accepted: 10.04. 2013 Copyright © JCEI / Journal of Clinical and Experimental Investigations 2013, All rights reserved JCEI / 2013; 4 (3): 370-373 Journal of Clinical and Experimental Investigations doi: 10.5799/ahinjs.01. 2013.03. 0305
Developing effective questioning in Teaching Games for Understanding (TGfU)

The use of questioning is often used to enhance the teaching of games utilising the Teaching Games for Understanding (TGfU) approach. However, for questioning to be effective, it needs to be planned and specific to the outcomes that the teacher/coach requires from the participants. A process has been developed to assist teachers and coaches to construct effective questions. The process involves the teacher/coach analysing the categories of games­invasion, striking/fielding, net/court and target games and then choosing a sport from one of these categories. Following this the teacher/coach determines the elements to be an effective player using the subcategories: technical, tactical/strategic, cognitive and rules. Games are then designed around one of the subcategories or a combination. Questions are then designed in each of the subcategories listed above.
Modelling water flow with bedload on the surface of Mars

Gregoire-Mazzocco H. Stepinski T. F. McGovern P. J. Lanzoni S. Frascati A. Rinaldo A. Martian Meanders: Wavelength-Width Scaling and Flow Duration [#1185] Martian meanders reveals linear wavelength/width scaling with a coef. k~10, that can be used to estimate discharges. Simulations of channel evolution are used to determine flow duration from sinuosity. Application to Nirgal Vallis yields 200 yrs.