Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Thermodynamic Bethe Ansatz and Generalised Hydrodynamics in the sine-Gordon model

We set up a hydrodynamic description of the non-equilibrium dynamics of sine-Gordon quantum field theory for generic coupling. It is built upon an explicit form of the Bethe Ansatz description of general thermodynamic states, with the structure of the resulting coupled integral equations encoded in terms of graphical diagrams. The resulting framework is applied to derive results for the Drude weights of charge and energy. Quantities associated with the charge universally have fractal dependence on the coupling, which is notably absent from those associated with energy, a feature explained by the different roles played by reflective scattering in transporting these quantities. We then present far-from-equilibrium results, including explicit time evolution starting from bipartite initial states and dynamical correlation functions. Our framework can be applied to explore numerous other aspects of non-equilibrium dynamics, which opens the way to a wide array of theoretical studies and potential novel experimental predictions.
Association between three prominent climatic teleconnections and precipitation in Iran using wavelet coherence

Large‐scale climatic teleconnections have noticeable effects on meteorological events in different regions of the world. In this study, the linkages between three major climatic indices, Arctic Oscillation (AO), North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) and Southern Oscillation Index (SOI), and precipitation in Iran were assessed from 1960 to 2014, at 30 synoptic stations in a time‐frequency space, using wavelet coherence (WCO). The results showed that the SOI is the most effective climatic teleconnection on precipitation in Iran, although the other studied climatic indices have noticeable effects as well. The predominant and effective period of AO on precipitation was equal to or greater than 32 months at most of the stations, while the major effective period of NAO was equal to or greater than 64 months. For the SOI, most parts of the country were affected by a period of less than 64 months, while the predominant period of SOI for the northwestern part of the country was greater than 64 months. A uniform phase difference was not observed between the three studied climatic indices and precipitation in the country; instead the phase differences were usually random. For long‐term periods of SOI, an anti‐phase situation was detected at most of the stations. The study suggested that the WCO is a very powerful and flexible method for studying the relationship between multiple time series in a time–frequency space, and its application in hydrological and meteorological research is expected to increase in the near future.
Experimental structures of antibody/MHC-I complexes reveal details of epitopes overlooked by computational prediction

Monoclonal antibodies (mAb) to major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC-I) molecules have proved to be crucial reagents for tissue typing and fundamental studies of immune recognition. To augment our understanding of epitopic sites seen by a set of anti-MHC-I mAb, we determined X-ray crystal structures of four complexes of anti-MHC-I antigen-binding fragments (Fab) bound to peptide/MHC-I/β2m (pMHC-I). An anti-H2-Dd mAb, two anti-MHC-I α3 domain mAb, and an anti-β2-microglobulin (β2m) mAb bind pMHC-I at sites consistent with earlier mutational and functional experiments, and the structures explain allelomorph specificity. Comparison of the experimentally determined structures with computationally derived models using AlphaFold Multimer (AF-M) showed that although predictions of the individual pMHC-I heterodimers were quite acceptable, the computational models failed to properly identify the docking sites of the mAb on pMHC-I. The experimental and predicted structures provide insight into strengths and weaknesses of purely computational approaches and suggest areas that merit additional attention. ONE SENTENCE SUMMARY X-ray structures of anti-MHC-I/MHC-I complexes define epitopes overlooked by computational prediction.
Clinical features and management of lymphoepithelial cyst

Abstract The aim of the study was to analyze clinical features of lymphoepithelial cyst (LEC) to make a more comprehensive and deeper understanding of it. We retrospectively analyzed the hospital records of 201 patients who were diagnosed by pathology results. Clinical characteristics like demographic profiles, lesion characteristics, therapeutic schedule, and associated costs were analyzed. Patient’s age ranged from 17 to 83 years old (52.6 ± 14.3, 120 males and 81 females). There were 12 cases of pancreatic LEC, 48 of oral LEC, and 141 of parotid LEC. Single lesion was found to be more than multiple lesions (147:54, 73.1%:26.9%). The majority of patients was primarily diagnosed by imaging test and endoscopy (171, 85.1%). All patients were finally confirmed by pathology results. Different treatment plans were selected according to personal situation, including dynamic observation (21, 10.5%), non-surgical treatment (24, 11.9%), and surgical treatment (156, 77.6%). No recurrence was found in surgical treatment patients for up to 24 months follow-up. To sum up, LEC is a rare and benign lesion, which is mostly located at parotid and oral, rarely located at pancreas. No typical symptoms could be found. EUS-FNA could be a reliable way to obtain pathological diagnosis. LEC could be cured by surgical resection with no recurrence.
Limitation of switching sensory information flow in flexible perceptual decision making

Humans can flexibly change rules to categorize sensory stimuli, but their performance degrades immediately after a task switch. This switch cost is believed to reflect a limitation in cognitive control, although the bottlenecks responsible for this remain controversial. Here, we show that humans exhibit a brief reduction in the efficiency of converting sensory inputs into decision evidence immediately after changing rules in perceptual tasks. Participants performed a flexible face categorization task in which they classified parametrically generated face stimuli based on one of two rules, switching every few trials. Although participants were always informed of a rule switch by a context cue, they showed a specific pattern of increase in reaction times, regardless of the time they were given to prepare for the switch. Psychophysical reverse correlation and computational modeling revealed a reduction in sensory weighting immediately after a rule switch, which recovered within a few hundred milliseconds after stimulus presentation. Furthermore, this cost depends on the sensory features being switched, suggesting a major bottleneck at the stage of adjusting the sensory information flow. We propose that decision-making circuits cannot fully adjust their sensory readout based on an abstract context cue alone, but rather require the presence of an actual stimulus to tune it, leading to a limitation in flexible perceptual decision making.
WATER QUALITY OBSERVATION ON JOHOR RIVER ESTUARY AND EAST TEBRAU STRAIT, MALAYSIA

Coastal reclamation activities on the coastline of Johor, which are underway seen to be affecting the quality of coastal waters and rivers nearby. Therefore, this study was undertaken to monitor and identify the extent to which the assumptions say that the water quality will be affected by the results of the coastal reclamation activities. After a couple of water sampling locations are identified, reading the parameters of water quality were conducted. The results of the monitoring conducted found that the water qualities in that area are in good condition.
Yeast9: A Consensus Yeast Metabolic Model Enables Quantitative Analysis of Cellular Metabolism By Incorporating Big Data

Genome-scale metabolic models (GEMs) can facilitate metabolism-focused multi-omics integrative analysis. Since Yeast8, the yeast-GEM of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, published in 2019, has been continuously updated by the community. This have increased the quality and scope of this model, culminating now in Yeast9. To evaluate its predictive performance, we generated 163 condition-specific GEMs constrained by single-cell transcriptomics from osmotic pressure or normal conditions. Comparative flux analysis showed that yeast adapting to high osmotic pressure benefits from upregulating fluxes through the central carbon metabolism. Furthermore, combining Yeast9 with proteomics revealed metabolic rewiring underlying its preference in nitrogen sources. Lastly, we created strain-specific GEMs (ssGEMs) constrained by transcriptomics for 1229 mutant strains. Well able to predict the strains’ growth rates, fluxomics from those large-scale ssGEMs outperformed transcriptomics in predicting functional categories for all studied genes in machine-learning models. Based on those findings we anticipate that Yeast9 will empower systems biology studies of yeast metabolism.
Measuring Ideological Spectrum Through NLP

In the evolving landscape of online communities, the dispute between social integration and fragmentation has sparked ongoing debates. With the advent of technologically mediated social networks, understanding the structure of these communities remains a challenge. This study introduces a fresh, text-based technique to quantify the alignment of online communities along social dimensions. Through the analysis of historical Reddit data, community representations are generated from Reddit posts and projected onto ideological-partisan axes. This approach successfully scores communities, effectively situating them on the political-ideological spectrum. Our approach rests on the premise that the language, topics, parlance, and discourse style employed by communities offer insights into their ideological leanings. We found that using posts’ text we can build a very similar and correlated partisan-ness ranking to the one inferred through user interactions, which reinforces our premise. This text-based approach also enables the analysis of books, news, blogs, and other sources that were not possible with previous approaches. Our results underscore the advantages of transformer-based embeddings when compared to skip-gram embeddings trained on the same dataset. This work contributes to the understanding of online community structures and their ideological foundations.
On Merging Incompleteness and Bipolarity in Abstract Argumentation

In this paper we discuss Incomplete Bipolar Argumentation Frameworks (iBAFs) proposed in [1]. iBAFs are the extension of Dung’s Abstract Argumentation Frameworks (AAFs) allowing the simultaneous presence of supports (borrowed from BAFs - Bipolar AAFs ) and of uncertain elements of the argumentation graph (borrowed from iAAFs - incomplete AAFs ). We discuss the computational complexity of verification problem (under the possible perspective) and the acceptance problem, by showing how it varies depending on the semantics of supports and the semantics of extensions. On the one hand, we show that adding supports on top of incompleteness does not affect the complexity of the acceptance. On the other hand, surprisingly, we show that the joint use of bipolarity and incompleteness has a deep impact on the complexity of the verification: for the semantics under which the verification over AAFs is polynomial-time solvable, although moving from AAFs to BAFs or to iAAFs does not change the complexity, the complexity of the verification over iBAFs may increase up to NP-complete.
Athlete pose estimation from single-view TV broadcast footage

This thesis presents work on athlete pose estimation in single-iew broadcast videos. Human pose estimation is an important problem in computer vision and has received much interest in the research community due to the wide range of applications. This thesis presents a novel framework for the semi-automatic estimation of human pose in television quality sports footage. The focus is on achieving accurate pose estimation results on sports video sequences, with the assistance of a human operator in a broadcast studio setting, that can be used to drive post-action analysis and graphical overlays. A method for extracting and tracking off-the-shelf scale-invariant features on athletes is tested. Evaluation shows that such features are ill-suited for tracking articulated motion due to drift, data association, and a general lack of stable features to track. A keyframe-driven approach, inspired by the Pictorial Structures model, is developed for estimating 2D pose of athletes in sports sequences. This approach models the human body as a tree of loosely linked parts and introduces a temporal smoothness term aimed at ensuring temporal consistency of pose throughout the sequence. The evaluation demonstrates that such an approach is able to extract human pose in such videos, but requires a significant amount of manual interaction to do so with accuracy required for broadcast settings. A novel non-sequential method for maximising benefit from manually annotated keyframe poses using minimum spanning trees is developed. The developed algorithm serves two purposes: keyframe selection, and keyframe information propagation. Optimal keyframes are automatically selected and suggested to the operator for labelling. Once labelled, information from these keyframes is propagated throughout the sequence and automatically generated keyframes are created in visually similar frames. Qualitative and quantitative evaluation demonstrates an increase in accuracy and a decrease in the number of required keyframes. Finally, a geometric method for converting 2D poses into 3D is developed. The algorithm assumes a weak perspective projection for the video sequence and known relative limb lengths for the athlete, and is able to recover the relative scale given at least three labelled keyframes by solving a continuous optimisation problem. Evaluation against a baseline geometric method shows improved stability and lower residual error.
Heterogeneous Encoders Scaling in the Transformer for Neural Machine Translation

Although the Transformer is currently the best-performing architecture in the homogeneous configuration (self-attention only) in Neural Machine Translation, many State-of-the-Art models in Natural Language Processing are made of a combination of different Deep Learning approaches. However, these models often focus on combining a couple of techniques only and it is unclear why some methods are chosen over others. In this work, we investigate the effectiveness of integrating an increasing number of heterogeneous methods. Based on a simple combination strategy and performance-driven synergy criteria, we designed the Multi-Encoder Transformer, which consists of up to five diverse encoders. Results showcased that our approach can improve the quality of the translation across a variety of languages and dataset sizes and it is particularly effective in low-resource languages where we observed a maximum increase of 7.16 BLEU compared to the single-encoder model.
The Effect of Voting Advice Applications on Political Efficacy and Knowledge: A Quasi-Experiment

By offering relevant political information in an attractive and easy-to-digest way, and reaching millions of voters, Voting Advice Applications (VAAs) are expected to contribute to political knowledge and internal political efficacy. While previous studies provide correlational evidence or single-group experiments at best, the current study puts the alleged contribution of VAAs to a critical test. To study the causal effect of VAAs, we rely on a quasi-experiment during Dutch municipality elections and use matching techniques to exclude selection bias. We find evidence for an increase in internal efficacy after using VAAs, especially among lower educated voters. We do not find support for the expected gain in factual political knowledge. Our findings confirm the important role of VAAs in the political media landscape of contemporary elections, but do not suggest that VAAs bridge the digital divide.
Ophthalmoplax (Decapoda: Brachyura: Portunoidea) from the late Campanian, Upper Cretaceous, of Colombia

Se documenta la presencia de una nueva especie del braquiuro Ophthalmoplax con base en dos especimenes recolectados en lutitas de la Formacion Lodolitas de Aguacaliente, parte media del Grupo Guadalupe, (Cordillera Oriental, Andes de Colombia), la cual registra un evento transgresivo regional. Los pequenos crustaceos se han colectado en rocas que representan las ultimas parasecuencias con patron de apilamiento retrogradacional, muy cerca de la superficie de maxima inundacion (MFS), al final del transgressive systems tract (TST) del Campaniano tardio. Este es el registro mas antiguo del genero Ophthalmoplax en America. Se discuten las afinidades morfologicas con otras especies del genero, asi como la reduccion de talla, en relacion a eventos de anoxia y paleotemperatura
Allometric models for estimating shrub biomass in desert grassland in northern China

ABSTRACT The development of shrub allometric models is crucial for accurate biomass assessment, as well as for scientific studies of carbon storage and carbon cycling of desert ecosystems. The aim of the present study was to construct allometric models to predict biomass using easily measured variables for xerophytic shrubs. The 12 most widespread shrub species of northern China were selected and a total of 385 individuals were harvested to obtain the weight of its components (leaves, twigs, branches, and roots), the crown area (CA) and plant height (H). Based on a high coefficient of determination (R2), a low standard error of estimate (SEE), and low Akaike information criterion (AIC) values, 72 species-specific and 24 multispecies models with CA and H as independent variables were developed. The function lnW (biomass of different components) = a + b × lnX (predictor variable) was selected as optimal model. CA was revealed as the best independent variable for the biomass of leaves and twigs, and V (CA × H) was the best predictor variable for branches, aboveground, belowground, and total biomass. In conclusion, for the first time species-specific and multispecies models were constructed with a high goodness of fit of leaves, twigs, branches, aboveground, belowground, and total biomass for 12 shrub species in northern China. Compared to multispecies models, species-specific models had improved accuracy. Since biomass quantification is the basis of carbon stocks estimation, the models presented here can be considered as alternative tool for assessing carbon storage and carbon cycling of desert ecosystems.
The concepts of astogeny and ontogeny in stenolaemate bryozoans, and their illustration in colonies of Tabulipora carbonaria from the Lower Permian of Kansas

Recognition of ontogeny within a stenolaemate bryozoan colony requires separating the individualistic aspects of a zooid's growth from those of its neighbors. The ancestrula is the only zooid within a colony that always displays a partially independent ontogeny that ceases when it starts to experience shared changes with its neighboring daughter zooids during subsequent accretionary skeletal growth. Stenolaemate astogeny (shared changes across multiple zooids during the growth of both the ancestrular zooid and its asexual descendants) includes all coordinated changes in the size, shape, number, and calcification of autozooids, polymorphs, and extrazooidal structures, as well as changes within autozooids or polymorphs, such as the formation of basal diaphragms and brown bodies. Despite the fact that many of these directional changes occur within individual zooids, they are not part of ontogeny because they are taking place simultaneously across zooids that share a common skeleton, extrazooidal tissues, and pseudocoelomic spaces. Shared directional multizooidal changes occurring during colony growth provide a confirmatory test for the existence of astogeny. Astogeny was statistically evaluated in 6–15 characters measured within the exozones of four colonies of Tabulipora carbonaria (Worthen in Worthen and Meek, 1875). Statistically significant (at P ≤ 0.05) directional changes took place across growth stages within the exozone in the following morphometric characters: zooecial density, zooecial wall surface area, acanthostyle density, zooecial wall thicknesses, maximum acanthostyle diameters, and intrazooecial diaphragm abundances. Overall, earlier exozonal growth stages differ statistically from those of the later exozone, with characteristics of intermediate growth stages intergrading between the two. Discriminant function analysis segregated intervals of exozonal growth into early-, intermediate-, and late-stage clusters, confirming patterns delineated by univariate statistical tests. Based on these exozonal growth patterns, heterochronic changes in exozone astogeny characterized evolution within and across species of Tabulipora. Onshore populations of T. carbonaria were astogenetically progenetic relative to offshore ones along an environmental gradient across Kansas, whereas local populations became temporally more hypermorphic in a short-term stratigraphic succession of similar environments. Tabulipora carbonaria originated by astogenetic recapitulation in populations of its probable ancestor, T. ramosa. Therefore, speciation, microevolution, and clinal variation in Tabulipora all involved heterochronic modifications of exozone astogeny.
Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Findings of COVID-19 Vaccine Associated Myocarditis at Intermediate Follow Up: a Comparison to Classic Myocarditis and MIS-C Related Myocarditis

Objective: To report intermediate cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) findings of COVID-19 vaccine associated myocarditis (C-VAM) and compare to classic myocarditis (CM) and multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C). Study Design: Retrospective cohort study including children diagnosed with C-VAM from 5/2021 through 12/2021 with early and intermediate CMR. Patients with CM and MIS-C with intermediate CMR were included for comparison. Results: There were 8 patients with C-VAM, 20 with CM, and 61 with MIS-C. Among those with C-VAM, CMR performed at median 3 days (IQR 3, 7) revealed 2/8 patients with left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF)<55%, 7/7 patients with late gadolinium enhancement (LGE), and 5/8 patients with elevated native T1 values. Borderline T2 values suggestive of myocardial edema were present in 6/8. Follow-up CMRs performed at median 107 days (IQR 97, 177) showed normal ventricular systolic function, T1, and T2 values; 3/7 patients had LGE. At intermediate follow up the C-VAM group had a lower percentage of LVEF<55% compared to CM and MIS-C (0.0 vs 30.0 vs 6.6%, respectively, p=0.018) and an intermediate degree of LGE (42.9 vs 75.0 vs 3.3%, respectively, p<0.001). Pairwise comparisons showed fewer myocardial segments with LGE in the C-VAM group versus CM (4/119 vs 42/340, p=0.004) and more segments with LGE than MIS-C (4/119 vs 2/1020, p=0.0014). Conclusion: Patients with C-VAM had no evidence of active inflammation or ventricular dysfunction on intermediate CMR although a minority had persistent LGE. Intermediate findings in C-VAM may be favorable compared to CM though LGE is more common compared to MIS-C.