Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
DO OIL PRICE SHOCK, AND OTHER MACROECONOMIC VARIABLES AFFECT THE STOCK MARKET: A STUDY OF THE SAUDI STOCK MARKET

Purpose of the study: This work aims to find the type of relationship amongst the chosen variables, inflation (INF), short-term interest rate (SIR), money supply (M.S.) and crude oil price (COP) and oil price shocks represented by DUMMY respectively on the capital market of Saudi Arabia. It will also throw insight to policymaker to find factors which influence the capital market of Saudi Arabia and to take remedial measures to boost investment in the country. Research Methodology: The relationships amongst the Saudi security market, the oil price shock, and the selected macroeconomic variables as mentioned above are determined using the Johansen test of co-integration, the vector error correction model, and the Wald test. The research employs the time series data for a period of 2009to 2016, for the study. Findings: The results show a long-run equilibrium relationship between the Saudi stock market and the selected variables for the study. The study shows a positive association between the money supply and the stock market, but inflation, short-term interest rate, and crude oil price, the result indicates a negative relationship. Implications: The present study can have implications for the policymaker to take corrective measures for better performance of the stock market by controlling inflation and regulating the short-term interest rate.As the findings indicate that they have a negative relationship with TASI. This paper will also help the policymaker in identifying the real cause for the decline in the value of the stock price. A good performing stock market means better economic growth and overall economic development. To diversify the economy to have an alternative to the oil-driven economy to a more balanced economy by promoting other sectors like manufacturing and tourism. Novelty/Originality of this study: The literature review confirms that all work of oil price shock is related to its effect on the security market return. This work is different from the other study as it includes macroeconomic variables in the study, together with the oil price shocks. The study is unique from other studies as it is broader in approach, by including more variables than earlier studies which mostly included the oil price shocks and its impact on the stock market. There is no work done to investigate the joint effect of macroeconomic variables and oil price shocks on the Saudi stock market.
Board of directors, performance and firm value in Brazilian listed state-owned enterprises

This paper investigates the relationship between the board of directors' structure and firm performance and the value of Brazilian listed state-owned enterprises (SOEs), from 2002 to 2017, totaling 327 observations using an unbalanced panel data with fixed and random effects regressions. The evolution of corporate governance practices adopted by the boards is presented for this period, using a Board Structure Index (BSI). The results indicate a significant positive relation between the board's structure and firm performance, measured by ROE and ROA, and firm value, measured by Tobin's q . These findings are consistent with corporate governance literature, in the sense that the board's role of monitoring management reduces agency conflicts. The results also show an improvement in adopting corporate governance practice on Brazilian SOEs' boards over the last decade.
YABANCILARA TÜRKÇE ÖĞRETİMİNDE KULLANILAN DERS KİTAPLARINDA (İSTANBUL YABANCILAR İÇİN TÜRKÇE ÖĞRETİM SETİ, YEDİ İKLİM ÖĞRETİM SETİ) YER ALAN METİNLERİN OKUNABİLİRLİK DÜZEYLERİNİN İNCELENMESİ

Bu calismada yabanci dil olarak Turkce ogretiminde yaygin olarak kullanilan ders kitaplarindaki metinlerin okunabilirlik duzeyleri incelenmistir. Ders kitaplari ve ders kitaplarinda yer alan metinler dil ogretiminin en temel araclaridir. Dolayisiyla dil ogretiminde kullanilacak bu metinlerin seciminde bazi olcutlerin olmasi gerekir. Okunabilirlik kavrami bu olcutlerden biri olmalidir. Okunabilirlik genel olarak bir metnin kolay okunabilir ve anlasilabilir olmasini ifade etmektedir. Dil ogretiminde kolayda zora dogru A1 seviyeden C2 seviyeye kadar bir ogretim sistemi goz onune alindiginda yabanci bir dili henuz ogrenmeye baslayan bireyin basit metinleri kolayca okuyabilmesi ve anlayabilmesi beklenir. Arastirma, nitel arastirma desenlerinden durum calismasi ile yurutulmustur. Durum calismasi, sinirli bir sistemin derinlemesine betimlenmesi ve incelenmesidir. Arastirmanin materyallerini Istanbul Yabancilar Icin Turkce Seti, Yedi Iklim Turkce Seti (Yunus Emre Enstitusu Turkce Ogretim Seti) kitaplari olusturmaktadir. Arastirmanin veri toplama surecinde dokuman incelemesi yonteminden faydalanilmistir. Veriler kitaplarin iceriginde bulunan toplam sozcuk sayisi 100’u gecen metinlerin dokuman olarak toplanmasiyla gerceklestirilmistir. 100 kelimeyi gecmeyen ve diyalog metinler calismaya dahil edilmemistir. Verilerin analizinde kategorisel betimsel analiz yonteminden faydalanilarak okunabilirlik formulu MS Office Excel programinda uygulanmis ve metinler zorluk duzeylerine gore kategorize edilmistir. Arastirmada elde edilen sonuclar tablolar halinde gosterilmistir. Genel olarak her iki ogretim setinin okunabilirlik duzeylerinin seviyeler arasinda kolaydan zora dogru bir yol izledigi sonucuna ulasilmistir.
Genetic mapping of fitness determinants across the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum life cycle

Malaria is transmitted through female Anopheline mosquitoes where gamete fusion and meiosis occurs, and humans where parasites proliferate asexually. We describe a powerful approach to identify the genetic determinants of parasite fitness across both invertebrate and vertebrate life-cycle stages in human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum using bulk segregant analysis (BSA). We combined experimental genetic crosses using humanized mice, with selective whole genome amplification and BSA at multiple developmental stages in both mosquito and vertebrate host to examine parasite competition and identify genomic regions under selection. We generated crosses between artemisinin resistant (ART-R, kelch13-C580Y) and ART-sensitive (ART-S, kelch13-WT) parasite clones recently isolated from Southeast Asian patients. We then quantified genome-wide changes in allele frequency in the parasite progeny population from infected midgut and salivary glands of Anopheles stephensi mosquitoes, infected livers, emerging merozoites and aliquots of in vitro cultured progeny parasites at intervals over 30 days. Three striking results emerge: we observed (i) a strong skew (>80%) towards alleles from the ART-R parent in the mosquito stage, that dropped to ∼50% in the blood stage as selfed ART-R parasites were selected against; (ii) highly repeatable skews in allele frequencies across the genome in blood stage parasites; (iii) particularly strong selection (selection coefficient (s) ≤ 0.18/asexual cycle) against alleles from the ART-R parent at loci on chromosome 12 containing MRP2 and chromosome 14 containing ARPS10. This approach robustly identifies selected loci and has strong potential for identifying parasite genes that interact with the mosquito vector or compensatory loci involved in drug resistance.
Social Movement Strategy and the Composition of Modern African Plays

Modern African plays with radical bent appropriate social movement strategy in their attempts to interrogate the socio-political problems in Africa. Extant research on these plays focus mainly on their functionality, beauty and relevance without particular attention paid to their employment of social movement strategy which is central to their composition. This study interrogates the appropriation of social movement strategy in modern African drama, and the interface between the appropriation and the composition of it. Tess Onwueme’s Then She Said It (2016) is adopted for explication of these. It is discovered that modern African drama with radical bent appropriates social movement strategy; that the appropriation dictates the use of collective heroism; that this enables the playwrights to examine the various socio-political problems in more radical perspectives; and that because of the appropriation characters are divided into two groups of social movement participants and social movement targets. The study concludes that the composition of plays using social movement strategy possesses the inherent potentials to shock the African people into new awareness that can lead to the creation of a just and virile society in Africa.
Rapidly evolving protointrons in Saccharomyces genomes revealed by a hungry spliceosome

Introns are a prevalent feature of eukaryotic genomes, yet their origins and contributions to genome function and evolution remain mysterious. In budding yeast, repression of the highly transcribed intron-containing ribosomal protein genes (RPGs) globally increases splicing of non-RPG transcripts through reduced competition for the spliceosome. We show that under these “hungry spliceosome” conditions, splicing occurs at more than 150 previously unannotated locations we call protointrons that do not overlap known introns. Protointrons use a less constrained set of splice sites and branchpoints than standard introns, including in one case AT-AC in place of GT-AG. Protointrons are not conserved in all closely related species, suggesting that most are not under selection. Some are found in non-coding RNAs (e. g. CUTs and SUTs), where they may contribute to the creation of new genes. Others are found across boundaries between noncoding and coding sequences, or within coding sequences, where they offer pathways to the creation of new protein variants, or new regulatory controls for existing genes. We define protointrons as (1) nonconserved intron-like sequences that are (2) infrequently spliced, and importantly (3) are not currently understood to contribute to gene expression or regulation in the way that standard introns function. A very few protointrons in S. cerevisiae challenge this classification by their increased splicing frequency and potential function, consistent with the proposed evolutionary process of “intronization”, whereby new standard introns are created. This snapshot of intron evolution highlights the important role of the spliceosome in the expansion of transcribed genomic sequence space, providing a pathway for the rare events that may lead to the birth of new eukaryotic genes and the refinement of existing gene function. Author Summary The protein coding information in eukaryotic genes is broken by intervening sequences called introns that are removed from RNA during transcription by a large protein-RNA complex called the spliceosome. Where introns come from and how the spliceosome contributes to genome evolution are open questions. In this study, we find more than 150 new places in the yeast genome that are recognized by the spliceosome and spliced out as introns. Since they appear to have arisen very recently in evolution by sequence drift and do not appear to contribute to gene expression or its regulation, we call these protointrons. Protointrons are found in both protein-coding and non-coding RNAs and are not efficiently removed by the splicing machinery. Although most protointrons are not conserved, a few are spliced more efficiently, and are located where they might begin to play functional roles in gene expression, as predicted by the proposed process of intronization. The challenge now is to understand how spontaneously appearing splicing events like protointrons might contribute to the creation of new genes, new genetic controls, and new protein isoforms as genomes evolve.
Long-term synaptic plasticity in hippocampal neurogliaform interneurons

Hippocampal interneurons located within stratum lacunosum-moleculare (SLM), which include neurogliaform (NGF) cells, mediate powerful feed-forward inhibition that can modulate spiking and plasticity in CA1 pyramidal cells. Despite evidence of long-term plasticity at excitatory inputs onto almost all other hippocampal interneuron subtypes, including stratum radiatum feed-forward interneurons, it is not known whether long-term potentiation (LTP) occurs in CA1 SLM interneurons. Here, we show that these interneurons exhibit Hebbian NMDA receptor-dependent LTP, and that Ca2+ influx through voltage-gated Ca2+ channels can also be sufficient for induction of plasticity. Furthermore, using an optogenetic dissection strategy, we find that selective stimulation of excitatory fibers from entorhinal cortex can induce LTP in SLM interneurons, whilst stimulation of thalamic afferents from the nucleus reuniens, also known to project to SLM, does not. Finally, we show that a mouse line selective for cortical NGF cells, where Cre recombinase is under the control of the neuron-derived neurotrophic factor (NDNF) promoter, can also be used to target these interneurons within the hippocampus, and that hippocampal NGF cells exhibit LTP. Recruitment of NGF cells can thus be persistently enhanced in an activity-dependent manner, implying that their role in gating dendritic signaling in pyramidal neurons is modifiable.
Are Savings the Determinant of Economic Growth in the D8 Countries

Yurtici tasarruflar yurtici yatirimlarin temel finansman kaynagi olmasi nedeniyle bir ulkenin ekonomik kalkinmasinda onemli bir rol oynamaktadir. Ozellikle az gelismis ulkelerde dusuk gelir duzeyinin yol actigi tasarruf azligi, yatirimlarin az olmasina ve devaminda istihdamin, uretimin, milli gelirin ve tekrar tasarruf duzeyinin yetersizligine yol acmaktadir. Bu kisir dongu, ulkelerin ekonomik kalkinmalarini gerceklestirme noktasinda tasarruf acigi sorunu yasamalarina neden olmaktadir. Tasarruflari yetersiz olan ulkeler kisa vadede yurtdisi tasarruflara basvururken, uzun vadede tasarruflari artiracak politikalar gelistirme cabasi icine girerler. Bu calismada gelismekte olan ulkelerin ekonomik buyumesinde tasarruflarin etkisini arastirmak amaciyla yapilmistir. Panel veri analiz yontemlerinin kullanildigi calismada D-8 ornekleminde yurtici tasarruflarin ekonomik buyume uzerinde anlamli ve pozitif etkisi oldugu sonucuna ulasilmistir. Bu bulgu, D8 ulkelerinin yuksek ve surdurulebilir buyume icin tasarruf oranlarini yukseltici politikalara odaklanmalari gerektigini isaret etmektedir.
ROBUSTEZ DE LOS ÍNDICES DE AJUSTE DEL ANÁLISIS FACTORIAL CONFIRMATORIO A LOS VALORES EXTREMOS

The goal of this work is to evaluate the robustness of several Confirmatory Factor Analysis fit indices (SRMR, RMSEA, TLI, CFI and GFI) to the precense of outliers. For this purpose, it was planed a simulation study with 3 × 4 × 2 conditions: sample size (100, 200 and 500), outliers percentage (0%, 1%, 5% and 10%) and number of variables with outliers (1 and 2). The baseline data sets (0% of outliers) by sample size were simulated from a distribution which fit to a CFA with three factors correlated. Data bases with outliers were created from substitution of observations in baseline data sets. Later, in every data base was estimated a CFA with three factors correlated. It was obtained that all indices with classical cutoffs were robust to outliers with sample sizes of 200 and 500. With 100 observations, it was obtained that fit indexes were robust to outliers, but considering cutoffs adjusted by the factorial structure and the sample size.
Sustainability performance indicators: Definition, interaction, and influence of contextual characteristics

Financial markets and investors are pushing modern firms to increase their commitment to sustainable development. Corporate sustainability refers to processes that develop from normative traditions, ethical roots, and stakeholder attitudes in such organizations. These processes require that we define suitable sustainability indicators and other measurement instruments. Therefore, this study analyzes the influence of cultural and legal contextual characteristics on the design and internal workings of such indicators. The results show that sustainability measurements are indeed shaped by cultural and legal factors. However, no unique pattern can be identified. Thus, what emerges is variation under different cultural contexts and legal systems.
Low-frequency noise in high performance and stability of Li-doped ZnO thin-film transistors

In this work, thin film transistors (TFTs) based on the ZnO-doped with different concentrations of Li were fabricated by radio frequency sputtering. Using the optimal Li doping concentration of 1% and rationally designed passivation layer (PVL), a TFT with high mobility of 28.5 cm2/Vs, low SS of 0.28 V decade−1, high Ion/Ioff of 107 and small Vth of 0.8 V were obtained. Moreover, the 1% Li-doped ZnO TFT with Al2O3 PVL exhibits the best stability with the small Vth shifts of 1.1 (− 1.2) V and 1.6 (− 1.8) V under gate bias and light illumination test. Low-frequency noise and x-ray photo-electron spectroscopy band structure analysis suggests that the enhanced properties and stability are mostly due to the Li doping concentration. Because the Li doping not only increased the carrier concentration, but also reduced the oxygen vacancy defects and interface trap density. In addition, the high quality Al2O3 PVL reduced the photo-adsorption/desorption behavior, and protected the channel from environmental influences. Overall, the reliable and high performance Li-doped ZnO TFTs have a great potential in flat-panel display application.
Measuring the Managerial Efficiency of Insurance Companies in Saudi Arabia: A Data Envelopment Analysis Approach

This paper applies the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) to compute the managerial efficiency of 30 insurance companies listed on the Saudi stock exchange for the duration of four years from 2015 to 2018. The companies taken as a sample of study included both conventional and Takaful insurance companies. The insurance sector of KSA is one of the largest sectors in the country, contributing a substantial percentage in the non-oil economy. Efficiency measurement and evaluation will provide a venue to introspect and benchmark frontiers to the sector. In the present study, we have utilized the basic Banker Charnes Cooper and Charnes Copper Rhodes models of DEA. Two inputs, namely, general & administrative expenses and policy & acquisition costs, and two outputs (Net premium earned and Investment Income & other incomes) were taken for efficiency calculations. The final outcomes of the study reveal that a good number of insurance companies operating in KSA are found to be efficient on managerial efficiency scale. Three firms remain the leader on the frontier of the managerial efficiency. And no company found with zero (0) efficiency or a negative efficiency. It is expected that the outcome of the study will provide benchmarks to managers and a road map to further improvement.
Strategi Menghidupkan Motivasi Belajar Anak Usia Dini Selama Pandemi COVID-19 melalui Publikasi

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meneliti strategi guru Kelompok Bermain (KB) TK Al-Huda Kota Malang dalam menghidupkan motivasi belajar siswa demi menjaga keberlangsungan pendidikan dalam kebijakan Study From Home (SFH) pada masa pandemi COVID-19. Peneliti menggunakan jenis pendekatan penelitian kualitatif deskriptif dengan subjek penelitian yaitu guru kelas serta siswa Kelompok Bermain (KB) di TK Al-Huda Kota Malang. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah wawancara mendalam serta dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa bentuk strategi guru untuk menghidupkan motivasi belajar siswa dalam kebijakan SFH di tengah wabah COVID-19 adalah dengan publikasi hasil kerja tugas siswa yang terbukti dapat menghidupkan motivasi belajar siswa. Hambatan yang ditemui guru yaitu berkenaan dengan aspek orang tua peserta didik, sarana pembelajaran, dan kreativitas guru. Manfaatnya berupa tumbuhnya motivasi belajar siswa, melatih kedisiplinan siswa, serta membantu meningkatkan kedekatan antara orangtua dan anak.
Motivators for patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders to start and maintain exercising: a qualitative interview study

Abstract Purpose While physical activity is considered an important part of treatment for people with schizophrenia, little is known about their views on how to successfully commit to an exercise habit over time. This study explored experiences of motivators to start and maintain regular exercise among people with schizophrenia spectrum disorders. Materials and methods Five men and six women with schizophrenia spectrum disorders, 25–62 years old, who had been exercising for at least 6 months, were interviewed using a semi-structured guide. Interviews were analysed using qualitative content analysis. Results The positive experiences that the participants immediately felt in their bodies were the main motivator for exercise. These experiences were recalled and longed for in between bouts and consisted of physical sensations, mental well-being, and improved self-esteem. This experience-based driving force enabled the participants to pursue exercise despite sometimes feeling low, lacking resources, or struggling with side effects of medication. Conclusion The positive change in body experience following exercise could be emphasised more when promoting exercise to people with schizophrenia. Exploring the instant body responses can keep up the drive and create hope for more long-term health effects. Physiotherapists have an important role in guiding patients to recognise and interpret body experiences.
Following an Uneven Lead: Trickle-Down Effects of Differentiated Transformational Leadership

Drawing from conservation-of-resources theory, we examine a trickle-down model of differentiated transformational leadership (leaders treating followers differently) across three hierarchical levels (i.e., managers, supervisors, and supervisors’ followers). Specifically, we develop a model in which manager differentiated transformational leadership increases department unit stress (i.e., the managers’ group of followers), which then translates into increased differentiated supervisor transformational leadership. The latter then again positively predicts team unit stress (i.e., the supervisors’ group of followers) and, eventually, results in decreased team helping behavior of supervisors’ followers. We tested this model using data from a large, multisource field study. The results provide support for our trickle-down model in that department managers’ differentiated transformational leadership decreased team helping behavior two hierarchical levels below the manager via increasing department unit stress (Stage 1 mediator), supervisor differentiated transformational leadership (Stage 2 mediator), and team unit stress (Stage 3 mediator).
MORPHOLOGICAL IDENTIFICATION AND MANAGEMENT OF FUNGAL POST-HARVEST PATHOGENS OF PEACH (Prunus persica L)

The present study was designed to determine the fungal post-harvest pathogens of peach from fruit markets of Dhok kala khan, Raja Bazaar and Mandi Mor located in Rawalpindi, Pakistan. During the year 2016-17, 36 fruits from were collected randomly and morphological characterization of fungal isolates confirmed that Botrytis cineria, Aspergillus niger, Rhizopus stolinifer and M. piriformis are causing post-harvest rot of peach. Among all these, R. stolinifer was found to be most prevalent pathogen. The essential oil of brassica, taramira and ginger were used for management of R. stolinifer with 0.05%, 0.5% and 5% concentration. Taramira oil at 5% concentration resisted the growth of R. stolinifer after 3 and 5 days while only 0.1 mm growth was recorded after 7 days.