Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Strong convergence of approximating fixed points for nonexpansive nonself-mappings in Banach spaces

Let E be a reflexive Banach space with a uniformly Gateaux differentiable norm, C a nonempty closed convex subset of E, and T C —• E a nonexpansive mapping satisfying the inwardness condition. Assume that every weakly compact convex subset of E has the fixed point property. For u e C and / e (0,1), let x t be a unique fixed point of a contraction G t C —> E, defined by G t x = tTx + (1 — t)u, x e C. It is proved that if {x t } is bounded, then the strong lim^ix, exists and belongs to the fixed point set of T Furthermore, the strong convergence of other two schemes involving the sunny nonexpansive retraction is also given in a reflexive and strictly convex Banach space with a uniformly Gateaux differentiable norm.
Optical multicolors - A poor person's z machine for galaxies

The feasibility, limits, accuracy, and uncertainties of using optical broadband colors in the form of two-color plots to measure the redshifts of faint galaxies are explored. Comparison of redshifts from slit spectra and 4-m photographic UBVI photometry of 100 faint galaxies confirms that colors do yield redshifts. These galaxies of 17-23 mag in B span a wide range of intrinsic color and are thus unlike previous samples of faint galaxies that were largely radio or cluster galaxies of early (red) type. For redshifts less than 0.35, two-thirds of the color redshifts agree with the spectroscopic values to within + or - 0.04 in z; for higher redshifts to z of 0.6, the errors increase to + or - 0.06. These accuracies were achieved for blue as well as red galaxies, and ensure that multicolors can serve as a poor person's redshift machine to study distant galaxies in clusters and the field.
The nature of normal trichromatic and dichromatic vision

It is shown that if the dichromatic isocolour lines, plotted on any colour diagram of the usual type, are extended, they will either meet at a point which will represent a missing fundamental sensation, or they will be parallel to a line joining the points representing the two fundamental sensations which are fused. Using these properties it is further shown that protanopia is caused by the absence of the R' sensation, that tritanopia is caused by the absence of the B' sensation, and that deuteranopia is caused by the R' and G' sensations being identical. The B' and R' points determined by these measurements and the G' point as determined by Walters but slightly modified to suit the particular requirements set by the line R'G', have been used to calculate the fundamental sensation curves. Luminosity, colour-mixture, and hue-discrimination data for both dichromatic and trichromatic observers and to a lesser extent trichromatic hue-discrimination and saturation data are satisfactorily explained in terms of these response curves; such an explanation leads to the conclusion that the Young-Helmholtz theory of colour vision is fundamentally correct. The essential difference between the B' sensation and the G' and R' sensations is stressed.
Deep, Low Mass Ratio Overcontact Binary Systems. V. The Lowest Mass Ratio Binary V857 Herculis

Charge-coupled device (CCD) photometric light curves in the B, V, and R bands of the complete eclipsing binary star V857 Her are presented. It is shown that the light curves of the W UMa–type binary are symmetric and of A type according to Binnendijk's classification. Our four epochs of light minimum along with others compiled from the literature were used to revise the period and study the period change. Weak evidence indicates that the orbital period of V857 Her may show a continuous increase at a rate of dP/dt = +2.90 × 10-7 days yr-1. The photometric parameters of the system were determined with the 2003 version of the Wilson-Devinney code. It is shown that V857 Her is a deep overcontact binary system with f = 83.8% ± 5.1%. The derived mass ratio of q = 0.06532 ± 0.0002 suggests that it has the lowest mass ratio among overcontact binary systems. As the orbital period increases, the decrease of the mass ratio will cause it to evolve into a single rapidly rotating star when it meets the more familiar criterion that the orbital angular momentum be less than 3 times the total spin angular momentum. To understand the evolutionary state of the system, long-term photometric monitoring and spectroscopic observations will be required.
Nonparametric Mixtures Based on Skew-normal Distributions: An Application to Density Estimation

This article addresses the density estimation problem using nonparametric Bayesian approach. It is considered hierarchical mixture models where the uncertainty about the mixing measure is modeled using the Dirichlet process. The main goal is to build more flexible models for density estimation. Extensions of the normal mixture model via Dirichlet process previously introduced in the literature are twofold. First, Dirichlet mixtures of skew-normal distributions are considered, say, in the first stage of the hierarchical model, the normal distribution is replaced by the skew-normal one. We also assume a skew-normal distribution as the center measure in the Dirichlet mixture of normal distributions. Some important results related to Bayesian inference in the location-scale skew-normal family are introduced. In particular, we obtain the stochastic representations for the full conditional distributions of the location and skewness parameters. The algorithm introduced by MacEachern and Müller in 1998 is used to sample from the posterior distributions. The models are compared considering simulated data sets. Finally, the well-known Old Faithful Geyser data set is analyzed using the proposed models and the Dirichlet mixture of normal distributions. The model based on Dirichlet mixture of skew-normal distributions captured the data bimodality and skewness shown in the empirical distribution.
The value of the aggregate data approach in meta‐analysis with time‐to‐event outcomes

Collecting individual patient data has been described as the ‘gold standard’ for undertaking meta‐analysis. If studies involve time‐to‐event outcomes, conducting a meta‐analysis based on aggregate data can be problematical. Two meta‐analyses of randomized controlled trials with time‐to‐event outcomes are used to illustrate the practicality and value of several proposed methods to obtain summary statistic estimates. In the first example the results suggest that further effort should be made to find unpublished trials. In the second example the use of aggregate data for trials where no individual patient data have been supplied allows the totality of evidence to be assessed and indicates previously unrecognized heterogeneity.
Angular Derivatives and Compact Composition Operators on the Hardy and Bergman Spaces

Let U denote the open unit disc of the complex plane, and φ a holomorphic function taking U into itself. In this paper we study the linear composition operator Cφ defined by Cφf = f º φ for f holomorphic on U. Our goal is to determine, in terms of geometric properties of φ, when Cφ is a compact operator on the Hardy and Bergman spaces of φ. For Bergman spaces we solve the problem completely in terms of the angular derivative of φ, and for a slightly restricted class of φ (which includes the univalent ones) we obtain the same solution for the Hardy spaces Hp (0 < p < ∞). We are able to use these results to provide interesting new examples and to give unified explanations of some previously discovered phenomena.
Magnetic properties of thin films of Co and of (CoPt) superstructures on Pt(100) and Pt(111)

The magnetic properties of ${\mathrm{Co}}_{n}/\mathrm{Pt}(100),$ ${\mathrm{Co}}_{n}/\mathrm{Pt}(111),$ $({\mathrm{Co}}_{0.5}{\mathrm{Pt}}_{0.5}{)}_{n}/\mathrm{Pt}(100),$ $(\mathrm{CoPt}{)}_{n}/\mathrm{Pt}(100)$, and $(\mathrm{CoPt}{)}_{n}/\mathrm{Pt}(111),$ $nl~15$, are investigated using the relativistic spin-polarized screened Korringa-Kohn-Rostoker method. It is found that only the artificial superstructures $(\mathrm{CoPt}{)}_{n}/\mathrm{Pt}(100)$ and $(\mathrm{CoPt}{)}_{n}/\mathrm{Pt}(111)$ show a perpendicular magnetic anisotropy beyond $n=10$. For the free surfaces of Co on Pt in the case of the (100) orientation, a multiple reorientation transition below $n=7$ is found, while along (111) such a transition is predicted at about four layers of Co. For the homogeneous, statistically disordered alloy ${\mathrm{Co}}_{0.5}{\mathrm{Pt}}_{0.5}$ on Pt(100) the orientation of the magnetization remains in-plane for all n investigated. A comparison to experiment yields interesting insight into aspects of order and disorder, surface segregation, and phase separation frequently encountered in experimental studies of perpendicular magnetism in the Co/Pt system.
A model for the surface brightness of a turbulent low Mach number jet. III: Adiabatic jets of arbitrary density ratio: application to NGC 315

On presente un modele adiabatique dans lequel les variations de la brillance de surface d'un jet de classe Fanaroff-Riley I sont dues a la compression et a l'expansion du plasma et du champ magnetique lors des accelerations et decelerations du jet. Application au jet principal de NGC 315. On obtient une bonne approximation de la brillance de surface en utilisant un nombre de Mach faible, des modeles avec de faibles rapports de densite. La temperature du fond etant a peu pres egale a la temperature du viriel
Well posed reconstruction of the solar coronal magnetic field

We present and compare two methods for the reconstruction of the solar coronal magnetic field, assumed to be force-free, from photospheric boundary data. Both methods rely on a well posed mathematical boundary value problem and are of the Grad-Rubin type, i.e., the couple $({\vec B},\alpha)$ is computed iteratively. They do differ from each other on the one hand by the way they address the zero-divergence of ${\vec B}$ issue, and on the other hand by the scheme they use for computing α at each iteration. The comparison of the two methods is done by numerically computing two examples of nonlinear force-free fields associated to large scale strong electric current distributions, whose exact forms can be otherwise determined semi-analytically. In particular, the second solution has a large nonlinearity even in the weak field region – a feature which is not present in the actual magnetograms, but is interesting to consider as it does allow to push the methods to the limits of their range of validity. The best results obtained with those methods give a relative vector error smaller than 0.01. For the latter extreme case, our results show that higher resolution reconstructions with bounded convergence improve the approximated solution, which may be of some interest for the treatment of the data of future magnetographs.
Pathways After Default: What Happens to Distressed Mortgage Borrowers and Their Homes?

We use a detailed dataset of seriously delinquent mortgages to examine the dynamic process of mortgage default—from initial delinquency and default to final resolution of the loan and disposition of the property. We estimate a two-stage competing risk hazard model to assess the factors associated with post-default outcomes, including whether a borrower receives a legal notice of foreclosure. In particular, we focus on a borrower’s ability to avoid a foreclosure auction by getting a modification, by refinancing the loan, or by selling the property. We find that the outcomes of the foreclosure process are significantly related to: loan characteristics including the borrower’s credit history, current loan-to-value and the presence of a junior lien; the borrower’s post-default payment behavior, including the borrower’s participation in foreclosure counseling; neighborhood characteristics such as foreclosure rates, recent house price depreciation and median income; and the borrower’s race and ethnicity.
DEFORMATION CONTROL OF LAMINATED COMPOSITE PLATES CONTAINING PIEZOELECTRIC LAYERS UNDER THERMAL LOADING

A composite plate containing piezoceramics on both the upper and bottom surfaces is considered. Based on the piezoelectricity with consideration for the coupling between the strain field and the electric field, a finite element formulation is developed. An eight-node three-dimensional brick element is used, and three-dimensional incompatible modes are introduced to take into account the bending behavior of the structure. The response of the structure and the sensor electrical outputs subjected to thermal loading as well as the required voltage that should be applied to reduce the deflection resulting from thermal loading are analyzed. In addition, this study also analyzes the effect of coupling between the strain field and the electrical field. It shows that the coupling effect may not be negligible; the larger the piezoelectric constant, or the thinner the main structure, the larger the coupling effect will be.
On an active resonant triad of mixed modes in symmetric shear flows: a plane wake as a paradigm

In this paper, we identify a new type of resonant triad which operates in a parallel or nearly parallel shear flow with a symmetric profile. The triad consists of a planar sinuous mode, an oblique sinuous mode and an oblique varicose mode, but is not of the usual subharmonic-resonance form. The development of the triad is studied in the non-equilibrium critical-layer régime. The equations governing the evolution of the modes are derived. We show that the quadratic resonance can significantly enhance the growth of both the oblique sinuous and varicose modes, and may cause them to grow super-exponentially. This can lead to a subsequent stage in which the oblique sinuous mode produces a back reaction on the oblique varicose mode through a phase-locked interaction, causing both oblique modes to evolve even more rapidly. We suggest that the resonant triad is a viable mechanism for the development of three-dimensional structures and varicose components observed in the later stage of plane wake transition.
The shell system around NGC 3923 and its implications for the potential of the galaxy

A study of the shell galaxy NGC 3923 is presented. It is mainly based on CCD and photographic observations made at the CFHT, ESO, and AAT from 1982 to 1986. New shells have been discovered. The geometry of 22 shells is investigated in detail with an estimate of the uncertainties. The interleaving of the shells is not a clear as it has been claimed: it is well defined for the outer shells but the distances of the inner shells present a certain symmetry relative to the center. Shells have a roughly constant ellipticity of E = 1. +/- 0.4 [ E = 10 x ( 1 - b/a)]. It has been suggested by some authors that shell ellipticities are related to the elliptical potential; a brief study of current models of elliptical galaxies shows that the shell ellipticities are of the same magnitude as the equipotential ellipticities, but no clear relation id visible. Profiles were derived for 19 shells, and a simple model was fitted to these profiles. The shell thickness is typically of 0.17 kpc for the inner shells. The total B luminosity of the shell system is ~ 5 % (+/- 1 %) of the luminosity of the galaxy. The outermost shells are much more luminous than the inner ones: the outer four shells contribute ~85% of the total luminosity. A dust lane has been discovered on deep CCD exposures. If it is in a stable configuration its orientation is in contradiction with some previous studies based on numerical simulations which concluded that NGC 3923 was a prolate system. A photometric study of the galaxy is presented. The inferred central M/L ratio, is close to 10 which does not depart from the values usually found in ellipticals. Observations in the 21 cm hydrogen line with the Parkes Radio Telescope gives an upper limit of the H I content of 7 x 10^8 solar mass. The results of the present study seem compatible with the merging hypothesis but dynamical friction has to be invoked to account for the presence of the innermost shells we have observed.
Analysis of pressures on a stepped spillway

The pressure profiles on the horizontal and vertical step faces of a stepped spillway in the fully developed skimming flow region were measured. These observations allow to provide generalized equations that enable designers to analyze the amount and the location of negative pressures along the steps. The step locations subjected to negative pressure are also discussed including an analysis of the duration of the negative pressures. On the horizontal step faces, negative pressure were only observed on their upstream half for dimensionless discharges larger than dc/h = 1.3. On the vertical step faces, only the region close to the adjacent horizontal face was not subjected to negative pressure
Existence of Bounded Solutions for Second Order Dynamic Equations

In this paper, we will give sufficient conditions for a nonhomogeneous dynamic self-adjoint equation on a time scale to have a zero tending solution. We also give sufficient conditions that guarantees that for each constant C there is a unique bounded solution on [ a , X ) with y ( a )= C .
Characterizing warped-product Lagrangian immersions in complex projective space

Abstract Starting from two Lagrangian immersions and a horizontal curve in S3(1), it is possible to construct a new Lagrangian immersion, which we call a warped-product Lagrangian immersion. In this paper, we find two characterizations of warped-product Lagrangian immersions. We also investigate Lagrangian submanifolds which attain at every point equality in the improved version of Chen's inequality for Lagrangian submanifolds of ℂPn(4) as discovered by Opreaffi We show that, for n≥4, an n-dimensional Lagrangian submanifold in ℂPn(4) for which equality is attained at all points is necessarily minimal.
Binding energy for the surface biexcitonic positive ion

The binding energy of the surface X2+ trion is calculated as a function of the mass ratio sigma , 0<or= sigma =me/mh<or=1, by a variational method. The trion is stable for any value of sigma and the binding energy is much larger than that of the bulk trion. Some results about the wavefunction are presented.
Effects of Lewis number on turbulent kinetic energy transport in premixed flames

The effects of global Lewis number on the statistical behaviour of turbulent kinetic energy transport in turbulent premixed flames are analysed using three-dimensional direct numerical simulation (DNS) data for freely propagating statistically planar flames with Lewis number ranging from 0.34 to 1.2. For flames with Lewis number significantly smaller than unity, it is observed that the turbulent kinetic energy is significantly augmented within the flame brush due to flame-generated turbulence. In these flames, it is demonstrated that effects of the mean pressure gradient and pressure dilatation are sufficient to overcome the effects of viscous dissipation. By contrast, for flames with Lewis number close to unity, it is found that the turbulent kinetic energy decays monotonically through the flame brush. In these flames, the effects of the mean pressure gradient and pressure dilatation terms are relatively much weaker than those of viscous dissipation. The modelling of the various unclosed terms of the tur.
WEAK CONVERGENCE TO A MARKOV CHAIN WITH AN ENTRANCE BOUNDARY: ANCESTRAL PROCESSES IN POPULATION GENETICS'

We derive conditions under which a sequence of processes will converge to a (continuous-time) Markov chain with an entrance boundary. Our main application of this result is in proving weak convergence of the so-called population ancestral processes, associated with a wide class of exchangeable reproductive models, to a particular death process with an entrance boundary at infinity. This settles a conjecture of Kingman. We also prove weak convergence of the absorption times of many neutral genetics models to that of the Wright-Fisher diffusion, and convergence of population line-ofdescent processes to another death process.
Convection and Currents in Stable Auroral Arcs and Inverted-Vs

Auroral electrodynamics data from various experimental data sets are analysed and the cases are selected with steady conditions, homogeneous auroral bands and visual arcs (as seen by all-sky cameras from the ground) and with predominantly zonal flow in the middle and equatorial auroral oval away from the Harang discontinuity. Exclusion of dynamic cases with moving and bursty rayed arcs is needed to avoid the ambiguity of magnetometer measurements from a satellite due to possible contamination of the perpendicular component of the magnetic field of stable sheet currents by similar field variations due to Alfven waves. The schematics of electrodynamical patterns from these cases are described and substantiated by experimental data. It consists of hierarchy of encircled two-sheet current loops (so called Bostrom type current loop) of different scales from the largest one of the Region 1/Region 2 FAC's, to intermediate one of the inverted-V of order of 100km wide, to the smallest one of an auroral arc scale of about 10km wide, all having the same direction of the closing ionospheric current (the so called “Matreshka anodel”, named after Russian folkloric toy of several wooden dolls one inside another). Examples of coordinated space/ground based measurements of auroral electrodynamic patterns taken from original observations and found from published data of other (mostly rocket) experiments selected with the above criteria are analysed and are shown to be generally consistent with the Matreshka schemiatics.
Heat transport in polymer-dispersed liquid crystals under electric field

The concepts of effective thermal conductivity and interfacial thermal contact resistance in composite media are applied to study heat transport in polymer-dispersed liquid crystals (PDLC). In these systems, the thermal properties of liquid crystal inclusions are changed by an imposed electric field. The photopyroelectric (PPE) technique with a cell allowing the application of an electric field to the sample is used to measure the thermal parameters. A model based on effective medium approximation is used to assess the impact of interfaces on the flow of heat through the determination of the Kapitza radius. It was found that the effect of interfaces becomes dominant compared to the volume conduction of the droplet when the liquid crystal (LC) droplet radius becomes smaller than 1 micron. The comparison of the thermal behavior of LC in the droplets with that of bulk liquid crystal allowed to evaluate the effect of confinement on the LC nematic phase.