Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Optimizing and Reconstruction of SAR Images Using Glowworm Swarm Optimization (GSO)

-Image segmentation is the process of partitioning a digital image into multiple segments. The goal of segmentation is to simplify and/or change the representation of an image into something that is more meaningful and easier to analyze. In the existing System expectation–maximization (EM) algorithm is an iterative method for finding maximum likelihood or maximum a posteriori (MAP) estimates of parameters in statistical models, where the model depends on unobserved latent variables. The EM iteration alternates between performing an expectation (E) step, which creates a function for the expectation of the log-likelihood evaluated using the current estimate for the parameters, and maximization (M) step, which computes parameters maximizing the expected log-likelihood found on the E step. The glowworm swarm optimization (GSO) is a swarm intelligence optimization algorithm developed based on the behavior of glowworms (also known as fireflies or lightning bugs). The behavior pattern of glowworms which is used for this algorithm is the apparent capability of the glowworms to change the intensity of the luciferin emission and thus appear to glow at different intensities. The GSO algorithm makes the agents glow at intensities approximately proportional to the function value being optimized. The second significant part of the algorithm incorporates a dynamic decision range by which the effect of distant glowworms are discounted when a glowworm has sufficient number of neighbors or the range goes beyond the range of perception of the glowworms.
Early Myocardial Dysfunction in Patients with Fabry Disease Assessed by Tissue Doppler Imaging

312 Abstract Fabry disease (FD) is a rare X-linked recessive chromosomal disease with a deficiency of the enzyme α-galactosidase A, which leads to an accumulation of glycolipid substrate in skin, nervous system, kidney, cornea and heart. Cardiac involvement is characterized by conduction disorders, left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy, valvular thickening, and development of restrictive or hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. The present study was aimed to assess the extent of changes in cardiac function and morphology in six FD patients. Twelve healthy subjects were included as controls. Both groups were investigated by 2D-Doppler Echocardiography and Tissue Doppler Imaging (TDI). All FD patients had preserved global LV ejection fraction. In four of them (with history of arterial hypertension) a mild LV hypertrophy and features of diastolic dysfunction were detected. In all six FD patients significantly reduced telesystolic global longitudinal strain and average velocities of medial and lateral mitral annulus were demonstrated by TDI. These findings suggest TDI might be a useful method for a detection of early myocardial dysfunction in FD.
Kinetic Approach To The Mechanism Of P-Bis(Dimethylamino)-Phenothiazin-5-Ium Chloride Sulphate Ion In Acidic Medium

The kinetics and mechanism of p-Bis(dimethylamino)-phenothiazin-5-ium chloride by sulphate ion has been investigated in perchloric acid. The progress of the reactions was monitored by observing the decrease in absorbance of the oxidant at λ max of 663 nm UV/Vis Spectrumlab 752s spectrophotometer. The results showed a stoichiometry of 1:2, first-order dependence in both oxidant and reductant. The second order rate equation at constant temperature is therefore given as: -d(MB)/dt= k2(MB)(SO4 2- ) where k2 = 4.86 dm 3 mol -1 min -1 A positive primary salt effect was observed and an increase in the concentration of hydrogen ion as well dielectric constant increased the rate of reaction. Added ions did not show any effect on the rate of reaction. The result of spectroscopic and kinetic investigation did not indicate intermediate complex formation in the course of the reaction. A plausible mechanism for the reaction has been proposed in line with the outer-sphere reaction pathway.
Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Strategies of Selected State Universities in Region III, Philippines

This study assessed the level of implementation and problems met on the disaster risk reduction (DRR) and management strategies of selected State Universities (SUs) in Region III. The DRR and management strategies focused in four thematic areas such as prevention and mitigation, preparedness, response and rehabilitation and recovery. The descriptivecorrelational method of research and the quota sampling were utilized. There were 425 faculty members and 375 student organization officers as respondents from the 5 SUs. The study is anchored on the Philippine DRR and Management Act of 2010 and Hyogo Framework for Action. The faculty and student organization officers perceived that the DRR and management strategies in terms of four thematic areas were Sometimes Implemented in their respective institution. Both groups of respondents perceived that the implementation of DRR and management strategies in terms of organization, planning, utilization of resources, and training needs were Sometimes a Problem. Findings revealed further that there was a highly significant difference between the responses of the two group of respondents on the level of implementation of DRR and management strategies and the problems met on its implementation. There was a very low positive but no significant correlation between the perceptions of the faculty on the level of implementation and the problems met in the implementation of DRR and management strategies. There was a strong positive highly significant correlation between the perceptions of the student organization officer on the level of implementation and the problems met in the implementation of DRR and management strategies.
Nursing mothers knowledge and positive attitude towards childhood immunization: a panacea to childhood immunization noncompliance in Nigeria

Vaccine preventable diseases constitute the burden of morbidity and mortality, particularly for children under 5-years in developing countries of the world such as Nigeria. Immunization is one of the most cost-effective public health interventions to date, saving millions of lives and protecting countless children from illness and disability. Numerous researches affirmed that vaccine preventable diseases account for 22% of under-five deaths in Nigeria. And poor knowledge and negative attitude on the part of parents especially the nursing mothers have been responsible for non-vaccination of children.This paper seeks to establish the fact that positive attitude and knowledge of childhood immunization is a major solution in combatting the menace of childhood immunization noncompliance among the nursing mothers in Nigeria. Furthermore, the paper is aimed at recommending achievable ways of bridging the gap of health education. And emphasize the need to promotion positive attitude towards childhood immunization among parents especially the nursing mothers. Based on the findings of this study, the knowledge of childhood immunization is not adequate among nursing mothers in Nigeria. This explains the downward trend of childhood immunization compliance since 1990 and leading to skyrocketing death rate of under five children in Nigeria. To promote childhood immunization compliance, good rewards system should be in place to encourage parents whose child/children complete the childhood immunization. Usage of bulk SMS by the health care givers and stake holders as a reminder and medium of information dissemination on childhood immunization should be encouraged and also, collaborative efforts with the community and religious leaders in the area of information dissemination.
Profit Efficiency of Pig Producers in Kaduna State, Nigeria

The study analysed the profit efficiency among pig producers in Kaduna State, Nigeria. A multi-stage sampling technique was used to collect data from one hundred pig producers. Primary data were generated using structured questionnaires and personal observations for 2015 production year. Data were analysed using gross margin, Cobb Douglas Stochastic profit frontier function, maximum likelihood estimates and factor analysis. Pig production was profitable with a return per naira invested of 69% and gross margin of N8,426.30 per pig. The result of profit efficiency showed that feeds and labour coefficients were 0.13 and 0.19 respectively and were significant at 1% level. The study found out that profit efficiency varied from 0.01 to 0.99 with a mean profit efficiency of 52.35%. On the other hand, profit inefficiency increased with the use of the following variables, education, farming experience, household size, gender, pen age and conflict while age and cooperative membership decreased profit inefficiency. The result of the chisquare (x) confirmed that farm and farm-specific characteristics significantly affected profit inefficiency at 5% level. It is recommended that all the variables responsible for profit inefficiency should be adequately addressed through good and experienced management.
STUDY OF BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT SOLUTIONS USED AS PRESERVATIVES IN DENTAL AVULSION: AN ANALYSIS IN VITRO

In case of dental avulsion the recommended treatment avulsion is an immediate replantation. Yet when this is not possible, the tooth must be placed in a storage media capable of maintaining the viability of the cells of the periodontal ligament and restores their physiology, what is extremely important for a favorable prognosis. The ideal storage media should be readily available at the time of the accident; it must have an adequate ph and osmolality and should still be able to maintain the vitality and the proper functioning of the cell with minimal toxicity and be able to avoid the presence and proliferation of microorganisms. Hank's balanced salt solution (HBSS) and milk have gained wide acceptance as storage media for avulsed tooth. However, the effect of the media and storage time on the periodontal ligament (PDL) cells involvement in the development of root resorption is still unclear. Among the various medias that have been successfully used, we may find HBSS, milk and propolis. This study aims to assess quantitatively and qualitatively the cytotoxic effects of storage medias, including propolis, coconut water, coconut milk, HBSS, saline with antibiotics and milk, used in cases of tooth avulsion through the microscopic observation of the cellular changes occurred in macrophages. In this study, the exposure of the macrophages to the storage medias used in dental avulsion, allowed the evaluation, through optical microscope, of the cytotoxicity based on the apoptotic behavior of the cells, that were subjected to these medias. Based on the analyses of the results, it may me suggested that the coconut milk was considered the best storage media in case of dental avulsion.
Biocontrol Activity of Some Bacterial Genera Against Root-Knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita

Biological control is considered as new efficient method that becomes widely used for controlling plant parasitic nematodes, as aim to decrease the extent of environment degradation and the effect of the excessive toxic nematicides. So, this study was done to investigate the role of some bacterial genera as biocontrol agent against Meloidogyne incognita. The results of in vitro and in vivo experiments indicated that, all tested bacteria have a greatly significant effectiveness for suppressing M. incognita. In vitro results showed that all biovars of Bacillus thuringiensis and Pseudomonas fluorescens besides, Rhizobium leguminosarum can achieve M. incognita juveniles mortality to 100% at 72 hrs. Mixtures of bacteria genera varied in their effects, with regard to the presence of genus Rhizobium in the bacterial mixture give it an obvious lethal efficacy against M. incognita juveniles. In vivo study exhibited that, the most effective bacterium which can restrict and cease M. incognita reproduction was Pseudomonas fluorescens RR, followed by Rhizobium leguminosarum. Also, an enhancement in plant growth occurs. [Journal of American Science. 2010;6(10):321-328]. (ISSN: 1545-1003).
Prognosticators of surgical site infections (SSIs) among patients undergoing major surgery at general hospital Funtua, Katsina State, Nigeria

This study explores the prognosticators of surgical site infection among studied group. Surgical site infection (SSI) continues to be a major source of morbidity and mortality in developing countries regardless of modern advances in aseptic techniques. Therefore it was essential to conduct this study to determine the prognosticators of surgical site infection at General Hospital Funtua, Katsina State, Nigeria. A descriptive cross sectional study was used involving all subjects who underwent major surgery in surgical wards. A nonprobability purposive sampling technique was employed to recruit the total sample size of one hundred and twenty seven (127). After informed written consent for the study , all subjects who met inclusion criteria were successively enrolled in to the study. Pre-operative, intra-operative and postoperative data were collected using standardized data collection form based on CDC/WHO criteria. Wound specimens were collected and processed as per standard operative procedure. Data were analysed using SPSS and STATA software. Using odds ratio analysis, inadequate operating room ventilation and surgical hand scrub for < 2 minutes were found to have an increased risk for SSI by 34, fold. Subjects within the age limit between 21-30 years have increased risk for SSI by 2 fold, and subjects with co-existing illness (fever), have an increased risk for SSI by 4 fold, OR (3.9). Sterilization technique by the use of high level disinfectant and pre morbidity has been found to be an independent prognosticator of SSI, P-valve < 0.05. The study concluded that prognosticators for surgical site infections are associated with modifiable risk factors that the surgeons, nursing staffs and hospital management can dealt with in a greater details. Prevention strategies focusing on factors associated with surgical site infection is necessary in order to reduce the rate of SSI in our setting.
Metal Insulator Transition in Vanadium Dioxide Hydrated by Means of the Plasma-Immersion Ion Implantation Method

In the work, we explore the modification of the structure of vanadium dioxide films, as well as the metal-semiconductor phase transition in them, when hydrated by the method of plasma-immersion ion implantation. Based on a detailed X-ray analysis and the Raman spectra of the initial and hydrated films, it is shown that the plasma-ion modification of the transition and the metallization of vanadium dioxide (at a hydrogen concentration above 10at. %) are most likely associated with electron-correlation effects amplified by hydrogen implantation and an increase in the free charge carrier density in the material. Meanwhile, the structural changes at the transition practically do not manifest themselves: the hydrated metallic vanadium dioxide remains in the monoclinic phase. The results of plasma-immersion implantation are compared with experiments where other methods of hydration of vanadium dioxide are applied.
The Long-Term Effects of Eccentric Exercise Vs. Extracorporeal Shockwave Therapy in Athletes Aged 18-50 with Lower Extremity Tendinopathy: A Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review

Background: Establishing the most effective treatments for patellar tendinopathy (PaT) is critical because of its high prevalence in as an orthopedic condition, particularly in jumping athletes. Two increasingly popular and researched therapy interventions are extracorporeal shockwave therapy (ESWT) and eccentric exercise (EE). Yet it has not been established how the two compare to each other. Objective: The purpose of this study was to compare via meta-analysis the long-term effects of EE on both pain and function to those of ESWT in athletes with PaT and to also compare with a systematic review the same PICO components with the addition of Achilles Tendonopathy (AT). Data Sources: Search procedures followed PRISA guidelines using the PubMed, CINAHL, and Cochrane Library
Management of Gummy Stem Blight (Black Rot) on Cucurbits in Florida 1

1. This document is PP280, one of a series of the Plant Pathology Department, Florida Cooperative Extension Service, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida. Original publication date January 2011. Visit the EDIS website at http://edis.ifas. ufl.edu. 2. Mathews L. Paret, assistant professor, and Nicholas S. Dufault, assistant professor, Plant Pathology Department, North Florida Research and Education Center (NFREC), Quincy; Stephen M. Olson, professor, Horticulture Department, North Florida Research and Education Center (NFREC), Quincy
EFFECT OF DIETARY SUPPLEMENTATION OF FENUGREEK (TRIGONELLA FOENUM-GRAECUM) LEAVES POWDER ON HEMATOLOGY BROILERS CHICK

The research was conducted the effect of different schedules of administration of fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum) leaves powder on hematology of broilers chicks. A total of 72 (Arbor-Acres) day old chicks were used in this study. Four levels of a fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum) leaf powder at the rate of 0.00%, 0.25%, 0.50% and 0.75% were incorporated into the basal diet for five weeks. Feeding period for all groups was lasted for 35 days. Relevant data was recorded throughout the experiment till the termination of experiment. Significant increase in hemoglobin concentration was observed in treatment T4 but the packed cell volume, total erythrocyte count and total leukocyte count are non significant increases from control to Treatment T4. The blood glucose and cholesterol was decrease non significant. It is concluded that schedule on the basis receiving infusion three days in a week is more potent than other schedule of research
The Aryl-hydrocarbon Receptor (AhR) as a Therapeutic Target in Human Breast

Breast cancer is currently the most prevalent malignancy among women in industrialized countries, and 1 in 8 women living in the United States will develop the disease at some point in her lifetime. Although the incidence of breast cancer has increased 0.3% per year since 1990, the mortality rate has decreased by 2% per year since 1990 due to improvements in treatment and early detection. New treatment strategies and a better molecular understanding of the disease will be important to continue the progress science has made against this disease. The aryl-hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) has been traditionally associated with activation by environmental contaminants, acute toxicity, and cancer risks associated with exposures. However, the AhR has been highly conserved throughout evolution suggesting an important biological role for the receptor independent of its response to environmental contaminants. There is a significant body of evidence indicating the AhR plays a role in breast epithelial cell differentiation and that receptor agonists can inhibit breast cancer growth. A 50% reduction in estrousinduced terminal end buds was observed in the mammary glands of AhR knockout animals when compared to wild type suggesting a role for the AhR in mammary development. In 2 independent rodent cancer bioassays, treatment with the AhR agonist 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-pdioxin (TCDD) significantly reduced the incidence of spontaneous rat mammary tumors. These and other studies support the premise that the AhR plays a fundamental role in breast epithelial cell differentiation. This review provides a brief summary of the current evidence that the AhR may be an important pharmacological target for treating human breast cancer.
TAURINE MODULATES NEUROBEHAVIORAL IMPAIRMENTS IN LAMBDA CYHALOTHRIN INDUCED MALE ALBINO RATS

Taurine, a sulfur-containing α-amino acid, is widely distributed in most mammalian tissue. Lambda cyhalothrin (LCT), is a broad-spectrum type II synthetic pyrethroid that imitate the properties of the natural insecticide pyrethrin from chrysanthemum flowers. The aim of this study was to evaluate the modulatory role of taurine (TAU) on locomotor activity and neurobehavioural alterations in LCT intoxicated male albino rat. Mature 36 Wistar male albino rats were randomly divided into six groups. After pre-treatment of taurine (50 mg/kg body weight), lambda-cyhalothrin was given orally for consecutive 14 days at two dose levels (10.83 and 15.17 mg/kg body weight) alone or in combination. Neuro-behavioural changes or signs of intoxications were measured by behavioural studies including locomotor and nonlocomotor activities (Open-field test) and mouse-killing (muricide) test. Brain serotonin level was evaluated spectrophotometrically from control and treated rat brain tissue. In LCT treated rats, a significant decrease in locomotor activity, emotional behavior and cerebral and cerebellar serotonin level were seen. Exposure to LCT thus elicited significant changes in neurobehavioral activity and emotional behaviour and significant restoration were observed due to pre-administration of taurine. In conclusion, these results indicate that the ability of TAU as a neuromodulator to protect brain against LCT-induced neurobehavioral alterations. World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research SJIF Impact Factor 8.074 Volume 8, Issue 3, 907-925. Research Article ISSN 2277– 7105 Article Received on 24 December 2018, Revised on 14 January 2019, Accepted on 05 Feb. 2019, DOI: 10.20959/wjpr20193-14293 *Corresponding Author Dr. Sujata Maiti Choudhury Department of Human Physiology with Community Health, Vidyasagar University, Midnapore, West Bengal, India, Pin-721102.
PHYTOCHEMICAL AND ANTIOXIDANT ANALYSIS OF AQUEOUS EXTRACTS OF UNRIPE PAWPAW (Carica papaya Linn.) FRUIT’S PEEL AND SEED

In Nigeria, unripe papaya peel and seed are usually discarded during the preparation of papaya fruit. Unripe papaya, apart from being an edible fruit, also has a long history and proof of being an effective medicinal fruit used in the management of some human ailments. This study sought to examine the aqueous extracts of unripe papaya peel and seed for possible antioxidants and phytochemicals potencies. The phytochemicals screening showed that saponin and steroids were present while cardiac glycosides and anthraquinones only were absent in the extracts of both unripe papaya peel and seed. Furthermore, flavonoid and sterol were present only in unripe papaya peel extract but absent in unripe papaya seed extract. Furthermore, tannin and terpenoid were only present in the extract of unripe papaya seed but absent in unripe papaya peel extract. The antioxidant results showed that the extract of unripe papaya seed is richer in total phenol (131.00 mg GAE/100 g) and total flavonoid (191.06mg QAE/100g) than that of papaya peel [Total phenol = 126.75 mg GAE/100 g; Total flavonoid = 166.11mg QAE/100 g]. Meanwhile, the antioxidant results revealed that the extract of unripe pawpaw peel had higher ferric reducing antioxidant property (112.35 mg AAE/100 g) compared to the unripe papaya seed extract (102.78mg AAE/100g). Therefore, use of unripe papaya peel and seed as herbal materials could be of therapeutic use in the management/treatment of some oxidative stress induced human ailments due to their antioxidant and phytochemical potencies.