Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Insight into Deep Learning for Glioma Medical Image Analysis

Histopathological images contain rich phenotypic information that can be used to monitor the underlying mechanisms that lead to disease progression and patient survival outcomes. In recent years, deep learning has become the mainstream method of choice for analyzing and interpreting histological images. Histopathological diagnosis of gliomas is a labor-intensive and labor-intensive process. A common method is using deep learning to classify glioma patients or predict prognosis based on histopathological images. However, these technologies still face some key challenges as they move toward clinical application. This review starts with emerging deep learning frameworks and explores how deep learning models based on histopathological images can be applied to gliomas. We focus on multimodal deep learning applications, including genomic, transcriptomic, MRI, and clinical data. We discuss the challenges associated with the use of artificial intelligence and propose potential directions for deep learning based on histopathological
Knowledge Graph enhanced Aspect-Based Sentiment Analysis Incorporating External Knowledge

Aspect-Based Sentiment Analysis (ABSA) is a type of sentiment analysis that could identify and extract various aspects or features from text and determining the sentiment associated with each aspect. ABSA has significant real-world applications, such as providing deeper insights about specific strengths and weaknesses of each aspect contained within text data. Despite notable advancements, ABSA still has room for improvement in completeness, accuracy, and performance efficacy. To tackle these challenges, this research introduces an approach to ABSA that leverages knowledge graphs to improve completeness, accuracy, and performance efficacy. Our key novelty is in being able to incorporate enhancements across multiple stages, including utilising knowledge graphs together with dataset processing, and architectural modelling. Additionally, we offer a complementary overview and analysis of various deep learning heuristics and optimization strategies that could further enhance ABSA performance. Our validation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed knowledge graph enhanced ABSA method across multiple benchmark datasets, with notable boosts to model performance. Importantly, in being model-agnostic, our dataset processing approach could potentially enhance the performance of other ABSA methods in the future.
Produção de brócolis irrigado por gotejamento, sob diferentes tensões de água no solo

We evaluated the effect of different soil water tensions on the production of broccoli cultivated in a protected environment under drip irrigation in order to establish criteria for the adequate management of irrigation. A completely randomized block design was used, comprising six treatments and four replicates. The treatments included six soil water tensions (15, 30, 45, 60, 75 and 90 kPa). Soil water tension was monitored with granular matrix sensors installed at depths of 0.2 m (decision sensors) and 0.4 m (seepage control sensors). Total and marketable fresh weight of broccoli heads, average diameter of marketable heads, height of marketable heads, and total and marketable yield were greatest when the soil water tension at a depth of 0.2 m was 15 kPa, at which the mean values of the evaluated variables were 0.84 kg, 0.76 kg, 20.5 cm, 11.7 cm; 26.5 t ha ‑1 , and 23.7 t ha ‑1 , respectively. Treatments did not
The serrated neoplasia pathway: investigating the role of serrated polyps in colorectal cancer development

Background and aims: Hyperplastic polyposis syndrome (HPS) is characterized by the presence of multiple colorectal serrated polyps and is associated with an increased colorectal cancer (CRC) risk. The mixture of distinct precursor lesion types and malignancies in HPS provides a unique model to study the canonical pathway and a proposed serrated CRC-pathway in humans. Methods: To establish which CRC-pathways play a role in HPS and particularly to obtain new support for the serrated CRC pathway, we assessed the molecular characteristics of polyps(n=84) and CRCs(n=19) in 17 HPS patients as compared to control groups of various sporadic polyps(n=59) and sporadic, microsatellite-stable CRCs(n=16). Results:
Experimental Correlation between Nonlinear Optical and Experimental Correlation between Nonlinear Optical and Magnetotransport Properties Observed in Au-Co Thin Films Magnetotransport Properties Observed in Au-Co Thin Films

Magnetic materials where at least one dimension is in the nanometer scale typically exhibit different magnetic, magnetotransport, andmagnetoopticalpropertiescomparedtobulkmaterials.Compositemagneticthinfilmswherethematrixcomposition,magnetic clustersize,andoverallcompositefilmthicknesscanbeexperimentallytailoredviaadequateprocessingorgrowthparameters offeraviablenanoscaleplatformtoinvestigatepossiblecorrelationsbetweennonlinearmagnetoopticalandmagnetotransport properties,sincebothtypesofpropertiesaresensitivetothelocalmagnetizationlandscape.Ithasbeenshownthatthelocal magnetizationcontrastaffectsthenonlinearmagnetoopticalpropertiesaswellasthemagnetotransportpropertiesinmagnetic-metal/nonmagneticmetalmultilayers;thus,nanocompositefilmsshowcaseanotherpathtoinvestigatepossiblecorrelations betweenthesedistinctpropertieswhichmayproveusefulforsensingapplications.
Relationship between the Fibrinogen/Albumin Ratio and Microvascular Perfusion in Patients Undergoing Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention for ST-Elevated Myocardial Infarction: A Prospective Study

Background: Correct TIMI frame count (CTFC), myocardial blush grade (MBG), and ST-segment resolution (STR) are parameters used to evaluate reperfusion at the microvascular level in patients that have undergone primary percutaneous coronary intervention (pPCI). Fibrinogen-to-albumin ratio (FAR) has been associated with thrombotic events in patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) and chronic venous insufficiency. Objectives: To investigate the relationship of FAR with CTFC, MBG, and STR. Methods: The study included 167 consecutive patients who underwent successful pPCI for STEMI and achieved TIMI-3 flow. The cases were divided into two groups, high (>0.0765) and low FAR (≤0.0765), according to the cut-off value of this parameter in the receiver operator characteristic analysis (ROC). STR, CTFC, and MBG were used to evaluate myocardial reperfusion. P values<0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results: CTFC value, SYNTAX score, neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio, low-density lipoprotein, glucose, and peak cTnT were significantly higher, whereas STR, MBG, and LVEF were lower in the high FAR group. Spearman’s correlation analysis revealed a significant relationship between the FAR and STR (r=-0.666, p<0.001), MBG (-0.523, p<0.001), and CTFC (r=0.731, p≤0.001). According to the logistic regression analysis, FAR, glucose, peak cTnT, and pain to balloon time were the most important independent predictors of MBG 0/1, CTFC>28, and STR<50%). ROC analysis revealed that the cut-off value of FAR≥0.0765 was a predictor of incomplete STR with a sensitivity of 71.9 % and a specificity of 69.8 %, MBG0/1 with a sensitivity of 72.6 % and a specificity of 68.6 %, and CTFC >28 with a sensitivity of 76 % and a specificity of 65.8 %. Conclusions: FAR is an important independent predictor of microvascular perfusion in patients undergoing pPCI for STEMI.
Effect of a Variable Eddy Transfer Coefficient in an Eddy-Permitting Model of the Subpolar North Atlantic Ocean

Abstract The effect of using a variable eddy transfer coefficient for the Gent–McWilliams (GM) parameterization in a (1/3)°-resolution ocean model of the subpolar North Atlantic Ocean is investigated. Results from four experiments with different implementations of this coefficient are compared among themselves as well as with two control experiments. A series of improvements have been obtained in all of the experiments that use a low level of explicit horizontal tracer diffusion. These include a better representation of the overflow waters originating from the Nordic seas, leading to a more realistic deep western boundary current and to increased eddy activity in the deep ocean in the eastern North Atlantic. In the same experiments, the GM velocities “help” the Labrador Sea Water to spread from the deep convection region to the currents that surround it without incurring significant spurious diapycnal mixing. Thus, two classical pathways for the spreading of this water are established. Moreover, the simul.
Fertility and female labor supply in Saudi Arabia: The case of Jeddah Western Region

Objective: Over a period of fifty years, the ratio of female participation in the labor force of Saudi Arabia is extremely low. This exposition is an effort to examine the affiliation among female fertility and labor supply in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Methods: The data for this research was gathered through a questionnaire circulated between the employed and unemployed females in Jeddah; situated in the western region. Results: By implementing the binary logistic deterioration, factors which were related to fertility did not illustrate numerical implication on the likelihood of females taking part in the labor market. However, factors which were associated with, education, husbands’ income, age and family income had major considerable impact on female taking part in the Saudi labor market. Conclusion: It has been concluded that there is higher affiliation present between fertility and female labor supply.
University of Birmingham Arbitrage opportunities and feedback trading in emissions and energy markets

This paper extends Sentana and Wadhwani (SW 1992) model to study the presence of feedback trading in emissions and energy markets and the extent to which such behaviour is linked to the level of arbitrage opportunities. Applying our augmented models to the carbon emission and major energy markets in Europe, we find evidence of feedback trading in coal and electricity markets, but not in carbon market where the institutional investors dominate. This finding is consistent with the notion that institutional investors are less susceptible to pursuing feedback-style investment strategies. In further analysis, our results show that the intensity of feedback trading is significantly related to the level of arbitrage opportunities, and that the significance of such relationship depends on the market regimes.
Mixture Models Using Repulsive Point

Repulsive mixture models have recently gained popularity for Bayesian cluster detection. Compared to more traditional mixture models, repulsive mixture models produce a smaller number of well separated clusters. The most commonly used methods for posterior inference either require to ﬁx a priori the number of components or are based on reversible jump MCMC computation. We present a general framework for mixture models, when the prior of the ‘cluster centres’ is a ﬁnite repulsive point process depending on a hyperpa-rameter, speciﬁed by a density which may depend on an intractable normalizing constant. By investigating the posterior characterization of this class of mixture models, we derive a MCMC algorithm which avoids the well-known diﬃculties associated to reversible jump MCMC computation. In particular, we use an ancillary variable method, which eliminates the problem of having intractable normalizing constants in the Hastings ratio. The ancillary variable method relies on a perfect simulation algorithm, and we demonstrate this is fast because the number of components is typically small. In several simulation studies and an application on sociological data, we illustrate the advantage of our new methodology over existing methods, and we compare the use of a determinantal or a repulsive Gibbs point process prior model.
SoK: Explainable Machine Learning in Adversarial Environments

—Modern deep learning methods have long been considered black boxes due to the lack of insights into their decision-making process. However, recent advances in explainable machine learning have turned the tables. Post-hoc explanation methods enable precise relevance attribution of input features for otherwise opaque models such as deep neural networks. This progression has raised expectations that these techniques can uncover attacks against learning-based systems such as adversarial examples or neural backdoors. Unfortunately, current methods are not robust against manipulations themselves. In this paper, we set out to systematize attacks against post-hoc explanation methods to lay the groundwork for developing more robust explainable machine learning. If explanation methods cannot be misled by an adversary, they can serve as an effective tool against attacks, marking a turning point in adversarial machine learning. We present a hierarchy of explanation-aware robustness notions and relate existing defenses to it. In doing so, we uncover synergies, research gaps, and future directions toward more reliable explanations robust against manipulations.
Social Difficulties in Youth with Autism With and Without Anxiety Social Difficulties in Youth with Autism With and Without Anxiety and ADHD Symptoms and ADHD Symptoms

Social difficulties inherent to autism spectrum disorder are often linked with co-occurring symptoms of anxiety and ADHD. The present study sought to examine the relation between such co-occurring symptoms and social challenges. Parents of adolescents with autism ( N = 113) reported upon social challenges via the Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS) and anxiety and ADHD symptomatology via the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL). Results revealed differences in SRS scores across co-occurring symptom subgroups (Anxiety, ADHD, Both, Neither) – namely, adolescents with autism and anxiety as well as those with autism, anxiety, and ADHD showed greater scores on the SRS than the other groups. Implications for research and clinical practice are discussed and recommendations are offered.
Reconceptualizing the Hierarchical Service Quality Model: The Reconceptualizing the Hierarchical Service Quality Model: The Case of Agritourism Events Case of Agritourism Events

To enhance the success of agritourism events and festivals, identified as important contributors to economic development in rural communities, this study investigated factors leading to revisit intentions toward these tourism activities. Taking an experience economy approach, the 4Es (educational, entertainment, escapist, and esthetic experiences) were used as alternative measures of outcome quality as part of a 4E-based reconceptualized hierarchical service quality model (HSQM). Data were collected from 529 respondents at three agritourism events in the state of Iowa. Structural equation modeling (SEM) revealed that overall service quality was comprised of all three dimensions of HSQM (interaction quality, physical environment quality, and outcome quality as indicated by the 4Es) and overall service quality was shown to be an antecedent of visitor satisfaction, which consequently led to revisit intention. Additionally, SEM results demonstrated the suitability of the hypothesized 4E-based HSQM model to explain the variance in overall service quality at agritourism events. Thus, this study provides an innovative theoretical foundation for future research investigating service quality, and suggests strategies that marketers can use to effectively enhance experiential offerings for visitors at agritourism events.
Characterisation of the pathogenicity of strains of Pseudomonas syringae towards cherry and plum

Bacterial canker is a major disease of cherry and other stone fruits caused by several pathovars of Pseudomonas syringae. These are P.s pv. morsprunorum race 1 (Psm R1), P.s pv. morsprunorum race 2 (Psm R2) and P.s pv. syringae (Pss). Psm R1 and R2 were originally designated as races of the same pathovar, however phylogenetic analysis has revealed them to be distantly related. This study characterised the pathogenicity of P. syringae on cherry and plum, in the field and the laboratory. The field experiment identified variation in host cultivar susceptibility to the different pathogen clades. The cherry cultivar Merton Glory exhibited a broad resistance to all clades, whilst cultivar Van showed race-specific resistance. Psm R1 may be divided into a race structure with some strains pathogenic to both cherry and plum and others only pathogenic to plum. The results of laboratory-based pathogenicity tests were compared to results obtained on whole-trees. Only cut shoot inoculations were found to be sensitive enough to detect cultivar variation in susceptibility. Measuring population growth of bacteria in detached leaves reliably discriminated pathogens from non-pathogens. In addition, symptom appearance discriminated Psm races from non-pathogens which triggered a rapid hypersensitive response (HR). The pathogen Pss rapidly induced disease lesions and therefore may exhibit a more necrotrophic lifestyle than hemi-biotrophic Psm races. This in-depth study of pathogenic interactions, identification of host resistance and optimisation of laboratory assays, will provide a framework for future genetic dissection of virulence and host resistance mechanisms.
Milestones of Knowledge Attitude and Practice among Saudi Population at Risk towards Helicobacter pylori Infection

H. pylori infection implicated in the pathogenesis of chronic gastritis, peptic ulcer, and gastric cancer. Moreover, little is understood about possible populations' knowledge, attitudes, and behavior related to H. pylori . The present study aimed to assess awareness of the Saudi population towards H. pylori. A total of 1324 subjects enrolled, through a well-designed questionnaire that was administered online (through Google online survey). The answers were graded on three-level responses. SPSS software was used for statistical data analysis. The frequency of H. pylori was 613 (45.6%) of participants, as well as 453 (74%) of respondents, were female that former infected with H. pylori, statistically significant (P-value =0.052). About (80.1%) of respondents had known H. pylori , nevertheless, 85.7% agree that H. pylori infection often disappears spontaneously, and (51.2%) didn’t know that H. pylori can transmit between family members and (28.2%) were neutral. Fortunately, (83.2%) of subjects were aware of HP symptoms, all correlations were statistically significant. (72%) lack of knowledge regarding HP is associated with nutritional factors, food allergies and food intolerance (71.4%) didn’t know that washing hands after using the toilet have a negative association with HP. The Saudi population has a high prevalence of H. pylori, it is well evident that there is confined knowledge about H. pylori among the public, mostly concerning the transmission and its correlation with gastric cancer. General population education must be implemented to increase population awareness towards H. pylori, especially among at-high risk populations.
Edinburgh Research Explorer Speakers align with their partner's overspecification during interaction

Speakers often overspecify by encoding more information than is necessary when referring to an object (e.g., “the blue mug” for the only mug in a group of objects). We investigated the role of a partner’s linguistic behavior (whether or not they overspecify) on a speaker’s own tendency to overspecify. We used a director–matcher task in which speakers interacted with a partner who either consistently overspeciﬁed or minimally speciﬁed in the color/size dimension (Experiments 1, 2, and 3), as well as with a partner who switched behaviors midway through interaction (Experiments 4 and 5). We found that speakers aligned with their partner’s linguistic behavior to produce overspeciﬁc or minimally spe-ciﬁc descriptions, and we saw little evidence that the alignment was enhanced by lexical or semantic repetition across prime and target trials. Time-course analyses showed that alignment increased over the course of the interaction, and speakers appeared to track a change in the partner’s linguistic behavior, altering their reference strategy to continue matching that of their partner’s. These results demonstrate the persistent inﬂuence of a partner’s behavior on speakers across the duration of an interaction.
What Health Care Staff Who Experienced Assisted Patient Falls Can Teach Us: Implications for Fall and Fall Injury Risk

Purpose: This quality improvement project had three aims: to identify common assisted falls scenarios, describe staff members’ experiences with and risk perceptions of such falls, and explore factors that influenced their perceptions. The overarching goal was to gain useful insight for the development of assisted fall– related strategies and policies. Methods: In the fall of 2020, 16 staff members from 13 health care facilities were purposively recruited and interviewed. Transcript summaries of these interviews, along with secondary narrative data from employee and patient injury databases, were analyzed using thematic content analysis. Results: According to staff members’ accounts, assisted falls most commonly took place in patient rooms or bathrooms when patients were ambulating or transferring. The interviewees described assisting falls by grabbing or holding the patient or by using their own body to brace or steady the patient. Interview and secondary narrative data noted various injuries that occurred during assisted fall events. These injuries most often involved the lower back (among staff) and the legs (among patients). Most interviewees perceived that using proper body mechanics would prevent injury. Conclusions: Interviewees’ experiences with assisted falls indicate areas of improvement for fall prevention. The perception that using proper body mechanics will protect staff from injury may be a misconception. Although the literature reports mixed findings concerning whether staff should assist patient falls, this project’s results led us to conclude that there is no safe way to physically assist a falling patient without risk of staff injury.
New Characteristics and Hedonic Price Index Numbers

Changes in product characteristics on the extensive margin are an important and hitherto neglected dimension of quality change. Standard techniques for quality-adjusting price indices cannot handle such changes satisfactorily, which leads to an economically and statistically significant bias in the measurement of prices and real output. We combine theoretical insights from index numbers and demand for characteristics to develop a new method for incorporating changes on the extensive characteristic margin. Applied to data on new car sales in the U.K., our method leads to revisions in estimated inflation rates for this commodity group that are both plausible and quantitatively important.