Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Sex disparity in hepatocellular carcinoma owing to NAFLD and non-NAFLD etiology: epidemiological findings and pathobiological mechanisms

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) exhibits sexual dimorphism, with men being more exposed than women to the risk of simple steatosis, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis fibrosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), while the protection conferred to women seemingly disappears with aging and reproductive senescence (i.e., menopause). HCC, the most common primary liver cancer, which carries an ominous prognosis, may result from various genetic and non-genetic risk factors. NAFLD is now projected to become the most common cause of HCC. HCC also exhibits a definite sexual dimorphism in as much as it has a worldwide high male-to-female ratio. In this review article, we focus on sex differences in the epidemiological features of HCC. Moreover, we discuss sex differences in the clinical outcome and molecular pathobiology of NAFLD-HCC. By highlighting the research gaps to be filled, the aim of this review is to prompt future research of sex differences in HCC and facilitate developing personalized cancer prevention strategies, detection, and treatments to achieve better patient outcomes in NAFLD-HCC, considering sex differences in HCC pathobiology. Received: First Decision: Revised: Accepted: Published: Science Editor: Copy Editor: Production Editor: Jing Yu Page 2 of 12 Lonardo et al. Hepatoma Res 2020;6:83 I http://dx.doi. org/10.20517/2394-5079.2020. 89
The Relation Between Gender Identity and Well-Being

Does strong gender identity help or harm one’s well-being? Previous research suggests that acceptance of one’s social group and feelings of belongingness to the group are positively related to well-being, regardless of the group’s social status. However, there are inconsistent findings about the relation between well-being and how central the group is to one’s identity (centrality), especially among disadvantaged groups (e.g., women). In Studies 1 to 10 (total N = 5,955), we clarified these relations by controlling for shared variance between distinct gender identity aspects. Acceptance and belongingness were positively related to a range of well-being variables. Centrality was negatively related to well-being. These results were consistent across genders. Studies 11 to 14 (total N = 2,380) found that the negative relation between gender centrality and well-being might be mediated by perceived pressure to conform to the masculine role among men and perceived gender inequality among women. These results uncover a burden of strong gender identity.
The mesomorphic phase structure in PET films: A conformational analysis

Abstract The conformational analysis of the mesomorphic phase structure in poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) films based on the determination of the amount of Ta (trans in the amorphous phase), Tc (trans in the crystalline phase), and G (gauche) isomers present in samples of PET films heat treated between 110°C and 230°C is presented. The change in the amount of isomers was related to the mesomorphic phase determined from a correlation among wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), density, and sorption properties. The reduction in sorption in semicrystalline samples, with respect to completely amorphous samples, at low penetrant activity allowed determination of the fraction of impermeable phase. This fraction, when compared with crystallinity determined from WAXD and density techniques, is higher, indicating the presence of mesomorphic fractions that probably have a bidimensional order. Separation of the contribution of isomers Ta and Tc and its relation with the mesomorp.
Nutritional and Quality Traits of Pasta Made from SSIIa Null High-Amylose Durum Wheat

Food products that are high in fiber and low in glycemic impact are healthier. Amylose is a form of resistant starch that mimics dietary fiber when consumed. A durum wheat (Triticum durum) line was created that lacks starch synthase IIa (SSIIa) activity, a key enzyme in amylopectin biosynthesis, by identifying a null mutation in ssIIa-B following mutagenesis of a line that has a naturally occurring ssIIa-A null mutation. Our objective here was to compare seed, milling, pasta, and nutritional characteristics of the SSIIa null line with a wild-type control line. The SSIIa null line had increased amylose and grain protein with lower individual seed weight and semolina yield. Refined pasta prepared from the SSIIa null semolina absorbed less water, had increased cooking loss, had a shorter cook time, and was considerably firmer even after overcooking compared with the wild-type line. Color of the SSIIa null cooked and uncooked pasta was diminished in brightness compared with the wild type. Nutritionally, the S.
Driving Forces for DNA Adsorption to Silica in Perchlorate Solutions

Abstract The adsorption of both plasmid and chromosomal duplex DNA to silica is investigated with the aim of determining the dominant forces involved in the binding reaction. Changes in the initial slopes and plateau values of adsorption isotherms for DNA on microcrystalline silica particles are used to establish the sensitivity of the binding reaction to ionic strength, temperature and pH, and DNA size and conformation. Binding is driven by an increase in entropy, with little or no enthalpic contribution. Adsorption isotherm results indicate that three effects, namely: (i) shielded intermolecular electrostatic forces, (ii) dehydration of the DNA and silica surfaces, and (iii) intermolecular hydrogen bond formation in the DNA–silica contact layer, make the dominant contributions to the overall driving force for adsorption.
Formulation Design and Physicochemical Stability Characterization of Nanoemulsions of Nettle (Urtica dioica) Essential Oil Using a Model‐Based Methodology

Response surface methodology was employed to evaluate the effects of the formulation main components, such as Tween 80 emulsifier concentration (T80, 0.41–0.69% w/w), and ratio of canola oil to nettle essential oil (CO/NEO, 5.93–20.07 w/w) on the physicochemical stability characteristics of NEO nanoemulsions prepared by ultrasound-assisted emulsification. The droplet growth ratio (DGR), volume-weighted mean diameter (D43) of the droplets and their polydispersity index (span), peroxide value (PV), and 1,1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH●) antiradical efficiency (AE) were analyzed. Analytical gas chromatography–mass spectrometry showed that hexahydrofarnesyl acetone, neophytadiene, β-ionone and phytol were the most dominant constituents of NEOs extracted by hydrodistillation process. An increase in T80 content significantly reduced the response variables. Applying desirability function technique for the second-order polynomial models revealed the minimum DGR (0.11), D43 (134.1 nm), span (0.38) and PV (0.85 meq O2/kg oil), and the maximum AE (0.224 × 10−3) could be achieved at T80 of 0.57% w/w and CO/NEO of 8.0 w/w. Practical Applications Nanotechnology rapidly emerged as one of the most promising and attractive research fields, with applications ranging from the aerospace to health industries. Nanoemulsions (NEs) can act as carriers or delivery systems for lipophilic compounds such as drugs, nutraceuticals, flavors, antioxidants and antimicrobial agents. Ultrasound-assisted development of optimal structure and formulation for NEs encapsulating essential oil of Urtica dioica L. as an interest antioxidative component using response surface method can provide a possibility for innovating functional food products with high storability.
Functionals and the random-force method in turbulence theory

The random-force method previously proposed [ 1• 2] in the Lagrangian description of tur bulence (when the motion of fixed fluid particles is being traced) is used to describe the Euler velocity field Vi (x, t). An equation relating the second-and third-order velocity structural functions with the external correlation function is derived. From this equation it follows, in particular, that the third-order structural function decreases like r-4 at distances larger than the external correlation scale L. Further, an equation describing the equilibrium conditions of turbulent flow is derived for the characteristic velocity functional. In the limit ing case when L---. oo a single external parameter, the energy influx E:, enters the equation, in accordance with the similarity hypothesis proposed by Kolmogorov
The Difference of Reactivity between Syringyl Lignin and Guaiacyl Lignin in Alkaline Systems

The difference of reactivity between syringyl lignin and guaiacyl lignin in alkaline systems were investigated by using syringyl and guaiacyl types of β-aryl ether lignin model compounds, softwood and hardwood dioxane lignins, and softwood and hardwood meals. In the lignin model study, β-aryl ether of syringyl lignin model was cleaved much faster than that of guaiacyl lignin model by soda and soda/anthraquinone treatment. The formation of coniferyl alcohol and sinapyl alcohol from guaiacyl lignin model and syringyl lignin model, respectively, was almost proportional to the cleavage of β-aryl ether under these conditions. Based on the model studies, coniferyl alcohol and sinapyl alcohol from isolated lignin and protolignin by soda and soda/anthraquinone treatments were determined in order to evaluate the extent of β-aryl ether cleavage in the terminal units of lignin. The results in both the dioxane lignins study and the wood meals study also indicate that β-aryl ether of syringyl lignin is cleaved much more easily than that of guaiacyl lignin and that there is no difference of reactivity of guaiacyl lignin in hardwood lignin and softwood lignin. This high reactivity of syringyl lignin may contribute the faster delignification rate of hardwood than softwood.
Estudos com o extrato da Punica granatum Linn. (romã): efeito antimicrobiano in vitro e avaliação clínica de um dentifrício sobre microrganismos do biofilme dental

A atividade antimicrobiana in vitro, CIM (Concentracao Inibitoria Minima), CIMA (Concentracao Inibitoria Minima de Aderencia) e a CBM (Concentracao Minima Bactericida) do extrato da roma (Punica granatum Linn.) foi avaliada em cinco linhagens bacterianas do biofilme dental: Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus mitis, Streptococcus sanguis, Streptococcus sobrinus e Lactobacillus casei. Em estudo comparativo com o gluconato de clorexidina, os resultados demonstraram efetiva acao inibitoria de ambas as substâncias. O extrato da roma foi efetivo na CIMA das cinco linhagens ensaiadas, representada pela ausencia de aderencia ao vidro na presenca de sacarose. A atividade antimicrobiana in vivo do extrato da roma foi testada em 13 pacientes, atraves do uso de um dentrificio a base desse extrato e foi observadas reducao do numero de Streptococcus mutans (53,84%) e Indice de Sangramento Gengival. Conclui-se, portanto, que o extrato da Punica granatum Linn. , apresentou potente atividade antimicrobiana in vivo e in vitro sobre as linhagens do biofilme dental. Os resultados sugerem a utilizacao do extrato da roma em indicacoes terapeuticas na pratica odontologica. UNITERMOS: biofilme dental; Punica granatum Linn. ; Streptococcus; Lactobacillus. SUMMARY The in vitro antibacterial activity MIC (Minimum Inhibitory Concentration), MICA (Minimum Inhibitory Concentration of Adherence) and MBC (Minimum Bactericide Concentration) of the extract of pomegranate ( Punica granatum Linn.) was evaluated upon five bacterial strains of the oral biofilm: Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus mitis, Streptococcus sanguis, Streptococcus sobrinus e Lactobacillus casei . In comparative study with the chlorhexidine (0,12%), both substances showed antibacterial activity. The extract was effective regarding adherence on glass tube with sucrose (MICA) in all five tested strains. The in vivo antibacterial activity of the extract of pomegranate was evaluated in 13 subjects that used a toothpaste with extract and was observed reduction of the number of Streptococcus mutans (53,84%) and Gingival Bleeding Index. It can be concluded that the extract of Punica granatum Linn. showed antibacterial activity in vitro and in vivo upon bacteria strains of the oral biofilm. The results supports that the extract of the pomegranate can be used as a therapeutic antibacterial agent in Dentistry. UNITERMS: oral biofilm; Punica granatum Linn. ; Streptococcus; Lactobacillus.
Superspreading: Aqueous Surfactant Drops Spreading on Hydrophobic Surfaces

However, a fullquantitativeunderstandingoftheinfluenceofsurfactantaddition on the spreading dynamics is still lacking.In this note, we study the effect of surfactant additiononthespreadingrateofaqueousdropletsonhydrophobicsurfaces. We show that with comparable equilibriumsurface tensions, certain surfactants accelerate the spread-ing, whereas others slow it down. We demonstrate thatthe mechanism of the accelerated “superspreading”
Formation and Destruction of Ozone in Ices Relevant to Planetary and Satellite Surfaces

Ozone, O3, has been observed on the surfaces of Ganymede and the Saturnian satellites Dione and Rhea. It is generally accepted that in each case the O3 is formed by the magnetospheric irradiation of oxygen, O2, within water-rich icy surfaces. Carbon dioxide ice, which has been detected on a number of planetary-satellite surfaces, is another possible source of O3 after irradiation. Laboratory work to date has focused on O3 formation from irradiated O2 at 10 K using < 1O eV and 5 keV electrons and 100 keV protons. The temperature-dependent formation of O3 in solid O2 from 11 to 30 K using 5 keV electrons also has been examined. The objectives of the present laboratory study are (1) to compare O3 formation in O2 and CO2 ices using MeV proton and 10 keV electron bombardment at different temperatures, and (2) to examine ozone's thermal stability in different icy matrices (O2, CO2, H2O) during warming. Our results will aid in the understanding of these possible abiotic ozone sources, which is necessary when assessing O3 as a potential biomarker.
Do Changing Benchmarks Affect Management Earnings Forecast Relevance?

Brown and Caylor (2005) document a post 1993 shift in earnings benchmark priority away from avoiding losses and earnings declines and toward meeting or beating financial analysts’ earnings forecasts. They also find increasing capital market penalties for failure to meet or beat analysts’ forecasts beginning in 1993. Financial analyst earnings forecasts represent the only benchmark that is adjustable by voluntary disclosure, and accordingly, credible management guidance has become increasingly important in managing the earnings expectations of financial analysts to avoid negative earnings surprises at the actual earnings release date (Bartov, Givoly, and Hayn 2002; Matsumoto 2002; Richardson, Teoh, and Wysocki 2004; and Cotter, Tuna, and Wysocki 2003) . Using a sample of 2,437 management earnings forecasts, we document an increase in management earnings forecast relevance in 1993-1996 relative to 1983-1986. The relevance increase occurs only for firms covered by analysts, as expected. The most pervasive increase in relevance occurs for bad news forecasts (traditionally defined). That is, negative stock price reactions to bad news management earnings forecasts are substantially larger after the earnings benchmark change, casting doubt on current period financial gains from using management earnings forecasts to hasten the news that expected earnings are less than analysts’ estimates. Although we find no increase in the information content of good news management forecasts (traditionally defined), we document an increase in the information content of management forecasts that lead to upwards financial analyst revisions, especially if the financial analysts were initially pessimistic.
Short Selling, Informed Trading, and Stock Returns

This paper considers the effect of private information on the returns to stocks with high levels of short interest. I use a measure from the market microstructure literature to proxy for levels of asymmetric information. Among highly shorted firms, portfolios with high levels of informed trading generally underperform, while those with low levels of informed trading do not. The results suggest that the underperformance of high short interest stocks is driven by firms that have high levels of informed trading. However, this negative relationship between informed trading and returns is reversed for stocks with low to moderate short interest levels. This paper is based on a section of my dissertation completed at the University of Washington. I would like to thank my committee members for discussions and guidance, including Jonathan Karpoff, Ed Rice, Lance Young and especially Jennifer Koski (Chair). I also appreciate the valuable comments of Bart Danielsen, Wayne Ferson, Jaehoon Hahn, Andrew Karolyi, Ronnie Sadka, and seminar participants at the Universities of British Columbia, Georgia, Kentucky, Missouri, Southern California, and Washington, the 2004 FMA Annual Meetings, the 2004 FMA Doctoral Consortium, and the 2005 Atlanta Federal Reserve All-Georgia Finance Conference. I thank the NYSE for providing short interest data, and Lew Thorson for considerable programming assistance. I am responsible for any remaining errors. † Assistant Professor, Department of Banking and Finance, Terry College of Business, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602-6253. Email: trhenry@terry.uga. edu.
A Study on the Combustion Properties of Western Chinese Coals

Abstract Combustion process and influencing factors have been researched systematically by means of thermogravimetric analysis and kinetics analysis methods on three inertinite-rich Chinese coals and one middle Chinese. The results indicate that coal types, heating rate, and oxygen flow rate are the main effect factors, and yet, the sample usage and particle size have little influence on the combustion of coal. The kinetics analysis shows that unreacted shrinking core model comparatively fits for the mechanism illustration of coal combustion and the activation energy decreases with carbon content in coal increasing and heating rate stepping up.
Evaluation of Key Dependent S-Box Based Data Security Algorithm using Hamming Distance and Balanced Output

: Data security is a major issue because of rapid evolution of data communication over unsecured internetwork. Here the proposed system is concerned with the problem of randomly generated S-box. The generation of S-box depends on Pseudo-Random-Number-Generators and shared-secret-key. The process of Pseudo-Random-Number-Generator depends on large prime numbers. All Pseudo-Random-Numbers are scrambled according to shared-secret-key. After scrambling, the S-box is generated. In this research, large prime numbers are the inputs to the Pseudo-Random-Number-Generator. The proposed S-box will reduce the complexity of S-box generation. Based on S-box parameters, it experimentally investigates the quality and robustness of the proposed algorithm which was tested. It yields better results with the S-box parameters like Hamming Distance, Balanced Output and Avalanche Effect and can be embedded to popular cryptography algorithms.
Design and Simulation of InGaN - Junction Solar Cell

The tunability of the InGaN band gap energy over a wide range provides a good spectral match to sunlight, making it a suitable material for photovoltaic solar cells. The main objective of this work is to design and simulate the optimal InGaN single-junction solar cell. For more accurate results and best configuration, the optical properties and the physical models such as the Fermi-Dirac statistics, Auger and Shockley-Read-Hall recombination, and the doping and temperature-dependent mobility model were taken into account in simulations. The single-junction In0.622Ga0. 378N (Eg = 1.39 eV) solar cell is the optimal structure found. It exhibits, under normalized conditions (AM1.5G, 0.1 W/cm2, and 300 K), the following electrical parameters: mA/cm2, volts, FF = 86.2343%, and %. It was noticed that the minority carrier lifetime and the surface recombination velocity have an important effect on the solar cell performance. Furthermore, the investigation results show that the In0.622Ga0. 378N solar cell efficiency was inversely proportional with the temperature.
Aqua­{2‐[2‐(2‐hydroxy­ethyl­amino)ethyl­imino­meth­yl]‐4‐nitro­phenolato}copper(II) perchlorate

In the title compound, [Cu(C11H14N3O4)(H2O)]ClO4, the CuII ion is five-coordinated in a square-pyramidal configuration, with one imine N, one amine N, one phenolate O, and one hydroxyl O atom of the Schiff base defining the basal plane, and the O atom of a coordinated water mol­ecule occupying the apical position. In the crystal structure, the mol­ecules are linked through inter­molecular O—H⋯O and N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds, forming chains running along the b axis.
Thermodynamics of Potassium Dihydrogen Phosphate Growth: Baseline for Understanding Single-Crystal Formation

The geometric shape of a crystal can be simulated via a thermodynamic model using breaking bond energy calculations. When this model was applied to the case of the KDP crystal, a thermodynamic description of the KDP crystal growth was successfully developed, which was consistent with experimental observations. Additionally, the effect of surface chemistry on the morphology of the KDP crystal was also investigated using the model based on the surface energy of the KDP crystal. These results confirm that bond making and breaking strongly influence the thermodynamic morphology of the KDP crystal during the crystallization.
EXTRACTION OF ALKALINE EARTH AND ACTINIDE CATIONS BY MIXTURES OF DI(2-ETHYLHEXYL) ALKYLENEDIPHOSPHONIC ACIDS AND NEUTRAL SYNERGISTS

ABSTRACT The synergistic extraction of alkaline earth (Ca2+, Sr2+, Ba2+ and Ra2+) and actinide (Am3+, UO2 2+ and Th4+) cations from aqueous nitric acid solutions by mixtures of P,P′-di(2-ethylhexyl) methylene-(H2DEH[MDP]), ethylene-(H2DEH[EDP]), and butylene-(H2DEH[BuDP]) diphosphonic acids and neutral extractants in o-xylene has been investigated. The cis-syn-cis and cis-anti-cis stereoisomers of dicyclohexano-18-crown-6 (DCH18C6), the unsubstituted 21-crown-7 (21C7) and dicyclohexano-21-crown-7 (DCH21C7) were used as neutral synergists of the crown ether type. For Am(III) synergistic effects were also investigated using neutral organophosphorus esters, such as, tri-n-butylphosphate (TBP), diamyl amylphosphonate (DA[AP]) and tri-n-octylphosphine oxide (TOPO) as co-extractants. In all systems investigated, no synergistic extraction enhancement was observed for actinide ions. For the alkaline earth cations, synergistic effects were only observed when mixtures of H2DEH[EDP] or H2DEH-[BuDP] with DCH18C6 were used to extract Sr2+, Ba2+ and Ra2+. No synergistic effects were observed for the extraction of alkaline earth cations by H2DEH[MDP] or for the extraction of Ca2+ by any of the diphosphonic acids studied. The synergistic effects obtained with DCH18C6 were significantly higher for the cis-syn-cis than for the cis-anti-cis stereoisomer.
Neutral isonitrile adducts of alkali and alkaline earth metals

Isonitriles are shown to form stable neutral adducts with some group 1 and 2 metal complexes; the synthesis and structures of [Li{N(R)C(Ph)NC(Ph)CR2}(CNPh)]2, [LiNR2(CNPh)]2, [Mg(CHR2)2(CNC6H3Me2-2,6)2] and [Mg(CHR2)(µ-Br)(CNBut)]2 are described (R = SiMe3).