Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect of Peat Water Mix with Borehole Water on Mortality of African Catfish

Generally, cultured fish are suitable in media with a pH of around 7, like mountainous river and borehole water. However, peat water is known with low pH. It is not suitable for fish culture, especially for fingerlings. This study was conducted to examine the survival of African catfish fingerling (Clarias gariepinus) in the mixture of peat and borehole water with different pHs. Survival test of African catfish as subject applied bioassay method, LC50-96 hours. Peat water as the agent was arranged for 11 concentration levels of 0% - 100% with no replication and placed in plastic basins with 20 liters each. Catfish fingerlings were used for subject fish (size 10-15 cm) and 10 individuals in each basin. Water quality, mortality, and behavior of fish were observed. Results showed that the survival ability of African catfish on peat water, the LC50-96 hours was 63.8%, with 95% CI between 53.3% and 76.4% in concentration. Behavioral response of fish fingerling exposed to peat water ≥ 40% in the beginning 2 hours was frequently swimming up to surface. Lethal responses fingerlings were frequently taking up oxygen to the water surface, horizontally swimming, and moving vertically before death. After death, the fish ran out of mucus, and the skin looked peeling and bruising.
Distribution of optical emission between guided modes and free space in a semiconductor nanowire

We study the distribution of the emitted power between the free-space modes and guided modes in a semiconductor nanowire. We analyze all possible dipole orientations and nanowire radii in the range from very small to comparable to the wavelength. Our theoretical approach is based on the Fourier transform technique and equivalent to the construction of Green’s function for a dipole at an arbitrary location inside the nanowire. We show that the total emitted power can exhibit rather pronounced oscillations as a function of the frequency and radius. The far-field pattern is also very sensitive to the frequency and radius, especially in the regime when leaky (or whispering gallery) modes with finite axial wave numbers are excited. We discuss the enhancement of emission into guided modes due to formation of Fabry-Perot cavity in a finite length nanowire. Our results yield directly the extraction efficiencies and angular distribution of radiation of light-emitting diodes made of nanowires.
Structure of weak shocks in fluids having embedded regions of negative nonlinearity

The dissipative structure of weak shock waves in fluids in which the fundamental derivative is negative for a finite range of pressures and temperatures has been examined. Conditions under which the shock thickness increases with strength rather than decreases are delineated. Nonclassical features of the entropy distribution and variation of local Mach number are also described.
Analysis of Temperature Effects in Heterogeneous Outdoor Wireless Sensor Networks

Outdoor Wireless Sensor Networks introduce harsh conditions and challenges in terms of reliability. Previous work demonstrates a severe dependency on temperature within networks. However, such studies are limited as they only focus homogeneous networks. Extensive, systematic experiments are still missing, but are required to harden such deployments. In this paper, we conduct two experiments to analyse the effect of temperature. Our first, real-world deployment shows similar results and indicates a node-dependent behavior. For further investigation, a systematic experiment analyses the effects with focus on heterogeneous networks. To the best of our knowledge, we are the first, to analyse the effect in such a way. Our results indicate an even stronger relationship between pairs of nodes. We present key findings and believe that will serve as a starting point for other investigations in this direction, to enable reliable large-scale network deployments.
Exact Initial Kalman Filtering and Smoothing for Nonstationary Time Series Models

Abstract This article presents a new exact solution for the initialization of the Kalman filter for state space models with diffuse initial conditions. For example, the regression model with stochastic trend, seasonal and other nonstationary autoregressive integrated moving average components requires a (partially) diffuse initial state vector. The proposed analytical solution is easy to implement and computationally efficient. The exact solution for smoothing is also given. Missing observations are handled in a straightforward manner. All proofs rely on elementary results.
Untargeted Metabolome Analysis of Alcohol-Exposed Pregnancies Reveals Metabolite Differences That Are Associated with Infant Birth Outcomes

Prenatal alcohol exposure can produce offspring growth deficits and is a leading cause of neurodevelopmental disability. We used untargeted metabolomics to generate mechanistic insight into how alcohol impairs fetal development. In the Western Cape Province of South Africa, 52 women between gestational weeks 5–36 (mean 18.5 ± 6.5) were recruited, and they provided a finger-prick fasting bloodspot that underwent mass spectrometry. Metabolomic data were analyzed using partial least squares-discriminant analyses (PLS-DA) to identify metabolites that correlated with alcohol exposure and infant birth outcomes. Women who consumed alcohol in the past seven days were distinguished by a metabolite profile that included reduced sphingomyelins, cholesterol, and pregnenolones, and elevated fatty acids, acyl and amino acyl carnitines, and androsterones. Using PLS-DA, 25 of the top 30 metabolites differentiating maternal groups were reduced by alcohol with medium-chain free fatty acids and oxidized sugar derivatives having the greatest influence. A separate ortho-PLS-DA analysis identified a common set of 13 metabolites that were associated with infant length, weight, and head circumference. These included monoacylglycerols, glycerol-3-phosphate, and unidentified metabolites, and most of their associations were negative, implying they represent processes having adverse consequences for fetal development.
Predicting the Temperature Evolution during Nanomilling of Drug Suspensions via a Semi-Theoretical Lumped-Parameter Model

Although temperature can significantly affect the stability and degradation of drug nanosuspensions, temperature evolution during the production of drug nanoparticles via wet stirred media milling, also known as nanomilling, has not been studied extensively. This study aims to establish both descriptive and predictive capabilities of a semi-theoretical lumped parameter model (LPM) for temperature evolution. In the experiments, the mill was operated at various stirrer speeds, bead loadings, and bead sizes, while the temperature evolution at the mill outlet was recorded. The LPM was formulated and fitted to the experimental temperature profiles in the training runs, and its parameters, i.e., the apparent heat generation rate Qgen and the apparent overall heat transfer coefficient times surface area UA, were estimated. For the test runs, these parameters were predicted as a function of the process parameters via a power law (PL) model and machine learning (ML) model. The LPM augmented with the PL and ML models was used to predict the temperature evolution in the test runs. The LPM predictions were also compared with those of an enthalpy balance model (EBM) developed recently. The LPM had a fitting capability with a root-mean-squared error (RMSE) lower than 0.9 °C, and a prediction capability, when augmented with the PL and ML models, with an RMSE lower than 4.1 and 2.1 °C, respectively. Overall, the LPM augmented with the PL model had both good descriptive and predictive capability, whereas the one with the ML model had a comparable predictive capability. Despite being simple, with two parameters and obviating the need for sophisticated numerical techniques for its solution, the semi-theoretical LPM generally predicts the temperature evolution similarly or slightly better than the EBM. Hence, this study has provided a validated, simple model for pharmaceutical engineers to simulate the temperature evolution during the nanomilling process, which will help to set proper process controls for thermally labile drugs.
Deletion of Notch3 Impairs Contractility of Renal Resistance Vessels Due to Deficient Ca2+ Entry

Notch3 plays an important role in the differentiation and development of vascular smooth muscle cells. Mice lacking Notch3 show deficient renal autoregulation. The aim of the study was to investigate the mechanisms involved in the Notch3-mediated control of renal vascular response. To this end, renal resistance vessels (afferent arterioles) were isolated from Notch3−/− and wild-type littermates (WT) and stimulated with angiotensin II (ANG II). Contractions and intracellular Ca2+ concentrations were blunted in Notch3−/− vessels. ANG II responses in precapillary muscle arterioles were similar between the WT and Notch3−/− mice, suggesting a focal action of Notch3 in renal vasculature. Abolishing stored Ca2+ with thapsigargin reduced Ca2+ responses in the renal vessels of the two strains, signifying intact intracellular Ca2+ mobilization in Notch3−/−. EGTA (Ca2+ chelating agent), nifedipine (L-type channel-blocker), or mibefradil (T-type channel-blocker) strongly reduced contraction and Ca2+ responses in WT mice but had no effect in Notch3−/− mice, indicating defective Ca2+ entry. Notch3−/− vessels responded normally to KCl-induced depolarization, which activates L-type channels directly. Differential transcriptomic analysis showed a major down-regulation of Cacna1h gene expression, coding for the α1H subunit of the T-type Ca2+ channel, in Notch3−/− vessels. In conclusion, renal resistance vessels from Notch3−/− mice display altered vascular reactivity to ANG II due to deficient Ca2+-entry. Consequently, Notch3 is essential for proper excitation–contraction coupling and vascular-tone regulation in the kidney.
CYGNSS Sea Surface Heat Flux Product Validation and Its Applicability

Sea surface heat flux is an important factor for studying ocean-atmosphere interaction. The heat flux product developed based on the Cyclone Global Navigation Satellite System (CYGNSS) wind speed provides a new platform for studying sea surface heat flux under extreme sea conditions. The wind speed and heat flux measured by the Kuroshio Extension Observatory (KEO) and Tropical Atmosphere Ocean (TAO) buoys were employed as reference data to evaluate the accuracy and applicability of CYGNSS heat flux products in the northwestern and equatorial Pacific Ocean. The results show that the heat flux of CYGNSS is in good agreement with the measured heat flux of the KEO, and the correlation coefficient is up to 0.90. There is a large error and weak correlation between CYGNSS and TAO array, which may be due to the use of reanalysis data in TAO heat flux. The effect of 25 km spatial matching statistical parameters is better than that of 50 km spatial matching. The effectiveness of the CYGNSS heat flux product in the mid-latitude sea area was verified. In the absence of field observation data in the low latitude sea area, the heat flux product has a certain reference significance.
Multiple Solutions to Linear Kinetic Equations

Abstract In the recent years there has been a renewed interest in multiple solutions to kinetic equations prompted by the discovery of multiple solutions for the Boltzmann equation, (Wennberg, B. ([1999]). An example of nonuniqueness for solutions to the homogeneous Boltzmann equation. J. Statist. Phys. 1–2:469–477). In this article we shall show that there exist multiple solutions to a class of kinetic equations describing electron scattering on phonons, (Majorana, A., Milazzo, C. ([2001]). Space homogeneous solutions of the linear semiconductor Boltzmann equation. J. Math. An. Appl. 259:609–629). This demonstrates that the initial value problem for such equations, understood in the pointwise sense, is ill-posed. We shall also briefly discuss some side conditions that ensure the uniqueness of the solution.
Polar analogues of two theorems by Minkowski

Since Minkowski's time, much progress has been made in the geometry of numbers, even as far as the geometry of numbers of convex bodies is concerned. But, surprisingly, one rather obvious interpretation of classical theorems in this theory has so far escaped notice. Minkowski's basic theorem establishes an upper estimate for the smallest positive value of a convex distance function F(x) on the lattice of all points x with integral coordinates. By contrast, we shall establish a lower estimate for F(x) at all the real points X on a suitable hyperplane with integral coefficients u1, …, un not all zero. We arrive at this estimate by means of applying to Minkowski's Theorem the classical concept of polarity relative to the unit hypersphere This concept of polarity allows generally to associate with known theorems on point lattices analogous theorems on what we call hyperplane lattices. These new theorems, although implicit in the old ones, seem to have some interest and perhaps further work on hyperplane lattices may lead to useful results. In the first sections of this note a number of notations and results from the classical theory will be collected. The later sections deal then with the consequences of polarity.
Coexistence results for some competition models

yellow dwarf BYD is a serious widespread disease of small grains and grasses caused by a group of aphid transmitted viruses. Its symptoms are . chlorosis i.e., yellowing of plant tissue and stunting of the affected plant. BYD is an important agricultural disease since its affects large numbers of different grains throughout the world. The total yield loss in the United States is around 1 to 3 percent each year, but under favorable conditions, losses of 40% are not uncommon. The disease was first reported in the United . States by Galloway and Southwood 1890 but only much later recognized by . Oswald and Houston 1951 as being caused by a virus. The barley yellow dwarf virus BYDV is a member of the luteoviruses. This group includes bean leaf roll, beet western yellows, carrot red leaf and potato leaf roll. These viruses are transmitted by aphids the ‘‘vector’’ for the . w disease and they are typically very host-specific see, e.g., Duffus, Falk, and . x Johnstone 1987 .
What Can My Car Tell Me? Consumer Perceptions of Transparency in Self-Driving Vehicles

Fully autonomous or “self-driving” vehicles are emerging mobility technology with potential benefits over conventional motor vehicles. Proponents argue that the widespread adoption of autonomous vehicles may save countless lives and millions of dollars annually by minimizing the likelihood of deadly vehicle crashes. However, widespread adoption of automated-driving technologies is required to realize such benefits, which research suggests, may be undermined by consumer concerns about vehicle operation transparency. Further, there is insufficient research into consumer perceptions of an autonomous vehicle’s communication and information-sharing behavior, which may impact their likelihood of purchasing one. We conducted a study using a 63-question internet-based survey distributed in the United States to licensed drivers 18 years of age and older (n=996) to examine consumer perceptions of autonomous vehicles across accountability, communication, information sharing, and concerns. Our findings show that consumer perceptions of the four dimensions vary significantly across race, gender, and ability.
RelHD: A Graph-based Learning on FeFET with Hyperdimensional Computing

Advances in graph neural network (GNN)-based algorithms enable machine learning on relational data. GNNs are computationally demanding since they rely upon backpropagation over the graph data that has sparse and irregular characteristics. In this paper, we propose a lightweight graph-based machine learning framework based on hyperdimensional computing (HDC) called RelHD. It maps the features of each node into a high-dimensional space and embeds relationships between nodes. Using lightweight HDC operations, RelHD enables both training and inference on graph data without backpropagation. Furthermore, we design a scalable processing in-memory (PIM) architecture based on the emerging FeFET technology to accelerate the proposed algorithm. Our strategy optimizes data allocation and operation scheduling that maximizes the accelerator performance by addressing the sparseness and irregularity of the graph. Experimental results show that RelHD offers comparable accuracy to the popular GNN-based algorithms while being up to 32× faster on GPU. Also, our FeFET-based accelerator achieves 33× of speedup and 59287× energy efficiency improvement on average over the GPU. It is 10× faster and 986× more energy efficient on average compared to the state-of-the-art in-memory processing-based GNN accelerator.
Special Smith–Purcell radiation from an open resonator array

An interesting new physical phenomenon is uncovered—an open resonator array excited by an electron beam and able to generate a special kind of Smith–Purcell radiation (SPR). Although the frequency and direction satisfy the SPR relation, this is a single frequency radiation in a specific direction that is essentially different from ordinary SPR. The spectral density of this special radiation is also much higher than that of ordinary SPR. By means of theoretical analysis and digital simulations, the radiation mechanism together with its requirements are explored. This radiation may have great influence in modern physics and optics as it offers new ways to carry out coherent radiation generation and beam diagnostics.
Cathepsins Trigger Cell Death and Regulate Radioresistance in Glioblastoma

Treatment of glioblastoma (GBM) remains very challenging, and it is particularly important to find sensitive and specific molecular targets. In this work, we reveal the relationship between the expression of cathepsins and radioresistance in GBM. We analyzed cathepsins (cathepsin B, cathepsin D, cathepsin L, and cathepsin Z/X), which are highly associated with the radioresistance of GBM by regulating different types of cell death. Cathepsins could be potential targets for GBM treatment.
Effects of Cardiac Stem Cell on Postinfarction Arrhythmogenic Substrate

Clinical data suggest that cardiosphere-derived cells (CDCs) could modify post-infarction scar and ventricular remodeling and reduce the incidence of ventricular tachycardia (VT). This paper assesses the effect of CDCs on VT substrate in a pig model of postinfarction monomorphic VT. We studied the effect of CDCs on the electrophysiological properties and histological structure of dense scar and heterogeneous tissue (HT). Optical mapping and histological evaluation were performed 16 weeks after the induction of a myocardial infarction by transient occlusion of the left anterior descending (LAD) artery in 21 pigs. Four weeks after LAD occlusion, pigs were randomized to receive intracoronary plus trans-myocardial CDCs (IC+TM group, n: 10) or to a control group. Optical mapping (OM) showed an action potential duration (APD) gradient between HT and normal tissue in both groups. CDCs increased conduction velocity (53 ± 5 vs. 45 ± 6 cm/s, p < 0.01), prolonged APD (280 ± 30 ms vs. 220 ± 40 ms, p < 0.01) and decreased APD dispersion in the HT. During OM, a VT was induced in one and seven of the IC+TM and control hearts (p = 0.03), respectively; five of these VTs had their critical isthmus located in intra-scar HT found adjacent to the coronary arteries. Histological evaluation of HT revealed less fibrosis (p < 0.01), lower density of myofibroblasts (p = 0.001), and higher density of connexin-43 in the IC+TM group. Scar and left ventricular volumes did not show differences between groups. Allogeneic CDCs early after myocardial infarction can modify the structure and electrophysiology of post-infarction scar. These findings pave the way for novel therapeutic properties of CDCs.
On the Impact of Bootstrap in Survey Sampling and Small-Area Estimation

Development of valid bootstrap procedures has been a challenging problem for survey samplers for the last two decades. This is due to the fact that in surveys we constantly face various complex issues such as complex correlation structure induced by the survey design, weighting, imputation, small-area estimation, among others. In this paper, we critically review various bootstrap methods developed to deal with these challenging issues. We discuss two applications where the bootstrap has been found to be effective.
Insight into Glyproline Peptides’ Activity through the Modulation of the Inflammatory and Neurosignaling Genetic Response Following Cerebral Ischemia–Reperfusion

Glyprolines are Gly-Pro (GP)- or Pro-Gly (PG)-containing biogenic peptides. These peptides can act as neutrophil chemoattractants, or atheroprotective, anticoagulant, and neuroprotective agents. The Pro-Gly-Pro (PGP) tripeptide is an active factor of resistance to the biodegradation of peptide drugs. The synthetic Semax peptide, which includes Met-Glu-His-Phe (MEHF) fragments of adrenocorticotropic hormone and the C-terminal tripeptide PGP, serves as a neuroprotective drug for the treatment of ischemic stroke. Previously, we revealed that Semax mostly prevented the disruption of the gene expression pattern 24 h after a transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO) in a rat brain model. The genes of this pattern were grouped into an inflammatory cluster (IC) and a neurotransmitter cluster (NC). Here, using real-time RT-PCR, the effect of other PGP-containing peptides, PGP and Pro-Gly-Pro-Leu (PGPL), on the expression of a number of genes in the IC and NC was studied 24 h after tMCAO. Both the PGP and PGPL peptides showed Semax-unlike effects, predominantly without changing gene expression 24 h after tMCAO. Moreover, there were IC genes (iL1b, iL6, and Socs3) for PGP, as well as IC (iL6, Ccl3, Socs3, and Fos) and NC genes (Cplx2, Neurod6, and Ptk2b) for PGPL, that significantly changed in expression levels after peptide administration compared to Semax treatment under tMCAO conditions. Furthermore, gene enrichment analysis was carried out, and a regulatory gene network was constructed. Thus, the spectra of the common and unique effects of the PGP, PGPL, and Semax peptides under ischemia–reperfusion were distinguished.
Cold-Brewed Jasmine Tea Attenuates High-Fat Diet-Induced Obesity and Gut Microbial Dysbiosis

Cold-brewed jasmine tea (CB-JT) is regarded to possess characteristic flavors and health benefits as a novel resource of functional tea beverages. To investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying CB-JT-mediated protective effects on obesity, we evaluated the serum biochemistry, histological condition, glucose tolerance, gene expression profile and intestinal microbial diversity in high-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice. Our results demonstrate that cold-brewed jasmine tea can significantly attenuate HFD-induced body weight gain, abnormal serum lipid levels, fat deposition, hepatic injury, inflammatory processes as well as metabolic endotoxemia. CB-JT also modified the microbial community composition in HFD-fed mice and altered the balance to one closely resembled that of the control group. The differential abundance of core microbes in obese mice was reversed by CB-JT treatment, including an increment in the abundance of Blautia, Mucispirillum, and Bilophila as well as a decrease in the abundance of Alloprevotella. CB-JT was proved to regulate the mRNA expression levels of lipid metabolism-related genes such as Leptin, Pgc1a Il6, and Il1b in the adipose tissue coupled with Cyp7a1, Lxra, Srebp1c, and Atgl in the liver. These findings indicate that cold-brewed jasmine tea might be served as a potential functional tea beverage to prevent obesity and gut microbiota dysbiosis.