Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Equilibrium and transport in molecular plasmas

Mercury-free high-pressure discharge lamps have been studied by means of a radial-dependent model. Xenon and indium iodide are chosen as start gas and buffer, respectively. Local thermodynamic equilibrium (LTE) is assumed with a single temperature for all species. The model consists of the coupled description of the balance equation for the plasma temperature with the radiation transport equation. The plasma composition is calculated according to the Guldberg-Waage, Boltzmann and Saha laws. These laws were supplemented by additional equations specifying the total pressure, constant element ratios and quasi-neutrality. The model takes into account atomic, molecular as well as continuum radiation. The broadening of the optically thick lines is approximated by Stormberg’s approach. In order to predict the continuum radiation we performed ab initio calculations to obtain the potential curves and the transition dipole moments. The predicted spectrum is compared with a measured spectrum. The comparison shows that the model is able to reproduce the continuum radiation. The conclusion from this comparison is that the largest part of the continuum radiation is produced by free-free and free-bound transitions in InI. The free-bound A-X transition is the dominant process. Published as: M. Gnybida, J.F. J. Janssen, J. van Dijk, J.L. G. Suijker, K.S. C. Peerenboom, A.J. Rijke, M. Gendre and G.M. W. Kroesen, Numerical investigation on the replacement of mercury by indium iodide in high-intensity discharge lamps in Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics, 47, p. 125201
Defining Key Molecules in a Myeloma Cell Niche

xxi Abbreviations . xxiii Chapter I: Introduction . 1 1.1 Multiple Myeloma . 2 1.1.1 Epidemiology of multiple myeloma . 2 1.1.2 Pathology of disease . 2 1.1. 3 Clinical features . 4 1.1. 4 Diagnosis . 5 1.1. 5 Pathology of tumour-induced lytic bone disease . 7 1.1. 6 Treatment options . 10 1.1. 7 Treatments to reduce tumour burden . 10 1.1. 8 Treatments to alleviate symptoms . 11 1.1. 9 Recurrence of disease . 12 1.2 The HSC Niche . 13 1.2. 1 Evidence for a HSC niche . 13 1.2. 2 The osteoblastic HSC niche . 15
Genetics of quantitative traits and improvement of the dog breeds.

‘Like begets like’, one of the principal axioms of the acknowledged pioneer of animal breeding, Robert Bakewell (1725–1795) of Dishley Manor (Pawson, 1957), is the bedrock of quantitative genetics. Combined with Bakewell’s second axiom, ‘breed the best to the best’, we see that the integration of quantitative genetics and animal improvement is guided by two very simple principles, whether we discuss livestock or the domestic dog. Breed improvement, or the process of genetic change, is a function of genetic variation, intensity of selection and the accuracy of identifying superior genotypes (Van Vleck, 1993). Of the three, animal breeders concentrate on the accuracy of identifying superior genotypes. The present chapter will examine the tools available to dog breeders that can enhance the accuracy of selection decisions. The number of papers that have examined quantitative genetics in the dog has been increasing over the past 20 years. However, the great majority of these investigations have done little more than estimate the heritability of a few traits in a handful of breeds. Understanding the quantitative traits of the dog is more
Effect of light intensity and pH condition on the growth, biomass and lipid content of microalgae Scenedesmus species

The physiological factors for microalgae cultivation are the preliminary steps to overcome the potential biomass demand. In this regard, the influence of light intensity (at six levels: 27, 40.5, 54, 67.5, 81 and 94.5 µmol m−2s−1) and pH conditions (5.0, 6.0, 7.0, 8.0 and 9.0) on the growth and lipid production of Scenedesmus species ADIITEC-II and GUBIOTJT116 was compared in the batch culture. Among the studied species, maximum specific growth (0.334 ± 0.002 day−1) and highest biomass yield (0.41 ± 0.021 g L−1) was achieved for Scenedesmus species ADIITEC-II at light intensity 81 µmol m−2s−1. Similarly, Scenedesmus species GUBIOTJT116 showed increased growth and biomass production at 81 µmol m−2s−1. However, illumination under 94.5 µmol m−2s−1 showed higher lipid production (0.533 ± 0.001 g L−1 and 0.551 ± 0.001 g L−1) for Scenedesmus sp. ADIITEC-II and GUBIOTJT116, respectively. The significant variation in effective pH tolerance, growth and biomass production was observed in the studied pH range. The result obtained in this study provides a potential insight of the strains and could be further explored to improve the biomass and lipid yield.
Study on stability of fungal phytase as poultry feed additive

Stability of phytase enzyme from Aspergillus niger against different pH values and proteases was studied to reveal its potential as poultry feed additive. Phytase enzyme lost approximately 53, 32, 66, and 87% of its activity at pH 1, 2, 8, and 9, respectively, but the enzyme was able to recover full activity at pH 5.5 following 6 h of exposure at 37°C to pH as low as 3. Pre-treatment of phytase enzyme with saliva for an hour resulted in lose of enzyme activity about 10%, and similarly treatment with proteases caused about 40% decrease of activity. Addition of phytase enzyme to the low phosphorus containing diets kept the tibia ash content constant. Supplementation of diet with phytase enzyme increased availability of total phosphorus. Phytase supplementation of broiler diets also improved growth and body weights and decreased mortality.
Algorithmic stability for adaptive data analysis

Adaptivity is an important feature of data analysis - the choice of questions to ask about a dataset often depends on previous interactions with the same dataset. However, statistical validity is typically studied in a nonadaptive model, where all questions are specified before the dataset is drawn. Recent work by Dwork et al. (STOC, 2015) and Hardt and Ullman (FOCS, 2014) initiated a general formal study of this problem, and gave the first upper and lower bounds on the achievable generalization error for adaptive data analysis. Specifically, suppose there is an unknown distribution P and a set of n independent samples x is drawn from P. We seek an algorithm that, given x as input, accurately answers a sequence of adaptively chosen ``queries'' about the unknown distribution P. How many samples n must we draw from the distribution, as a function of the type of queries, the number of queries, and the desired level of accuracy? In this work we make two new contributions towards resolving this question: We give upper bounds on the number of samples n that are needed to answer statistical queries. The bounds improve and simplify the work of Dwork et al. (STOC, 2015), and have been applied in subsequent work by those authors (Science, 2015; NIPS, 2015). We prove the first upper bounds on the number of samples required to answer more general families of queries. These include arbitrary low-sensitivity queries and an important class of optimization queries (alternatively, risk minimization queries). As in Dwork et al., our algorithms are based on a connection with algorithmic stability in the form of differential privacy. We extend their work by giving a quantitatively optimal, more general, and simpler proof of their main theorem that the stability notion guaranteed by differential privacy implies low generalization error. We also show that weaker stability guarantees such as bounded KL divergence and total variation distance lead to correspondingly weaker generalization guarantees.
Nutrient uptake, sugarcane yield and economics of high sugar early genotypes of sugarcane (Saccharum sp hybrid complex) under various planting seasons and fertility levels in Bihar

A field experiment was conducted for 3 consecutive years (2006-2010) in two seasons (autumn and spring) on sandy loam soil of Bihar, Pusa (Samastipur), to find out the impact of early maturing high sugar genotypes and level of N-P and K fertilization on performance of sugarcane (Saccharum sp hybrid complex). The performance indicated significant superiority of CoSe 95422 to CoP 9301 in terms of germination (35.5 and 34.4 %), tillers (152 700 and 141 400/ha), cane length (204 and 201 cm) and cane diameter (2.32 and 2.25 cm) in autumn and spring season, respectively. CoSe 95422 exhibited significantly higher dry matter accumulation and leaf area index at all the growth stages during both the cropping seasons. Net assimilation rate increased substantially at the initial crop growth stages and declined thereafter. Genotype CoP 9301 achieved higher NAR (6.34 and 5.66 g/m2/day) during June- August, though it was failed to reach the level of significance during August-October. Number of millable canes exhibited marked variation among the genotypes in both the seasons. CoSe 95422 produced significantly highest cane yield during autumn (81.0 tonnes/ha) and spring season (73.2 tonnes/ha) respectively. The percentage increase in mean cane and sugar yield by autumn planted sugarcane over spring planted sugarcane was 9.7 and 11.27 %, respectively. However, maximum sugar yield was obtained by CoSe 95422. Further, it showed significantly higher N (206.8 and 176.5 kg/ha), P (18.5 and 16.9 kg/ha), K uptake (239.4 and 204.0 kg/ha), net return (` 55 430 and ` 46 500) and benefit: cost ratio (1.86 and 1.75) during autumn and spring season, respectively. Fertility level had significant impact on drymatter accumulation and leaf area index across the season as well as stages of growth. Significantly higher tillers (140 300 and 131 000/ha), cane length (208 and 204 cm), cane diameter (2.34 and 2.26 cm), millable cane (102 100 and 100 300/ha) and cane yield (85.2 and 77.6 tonnes/ha) were obtained with the application of 187.5 N + 46.4 P + 62.3 K kg/ha in autumn and spring season, respectively. Though all of these parameters except cane diameter in spring season were statistically similar to 150 N + 37.1 P + 49.8 K kg/ha. A significant increase in cane and sugar yield was observed up to 150 N + 37.1 P + 49.8 K kg/ha. The magnitude of increase in cane yield at 187.5 N + 46.4 P + 62.3 K, 150 N + 37.1 P + 49.8 K kg/ha over 112.5 N + 27.8 P + 37.4 K kg/ha were 37.6 and 30.9%, respectively, during autumn season. Whereas, these increased 35.7 and 28.0% respectively during spring season. Though, significant variation in sugar yield up to 150 N + 37.1 P + 49.8 K kg/ha was noticed during both the season. There was a significant increase in net return by increasing level of N+P+K/ha during both the season. Though, marked variation in benefit: cost ratio (1.87 and 1.75) was observed only up to 150 N + 37.1 P + 49.8 K kg/ha during autumn and spring season, respectively.
Performance of Rehabilitated Cocoa Farms in the Assin North Municipality of Ghana

Although Ghana is a highly recognised country in the global cocoa industry, average production per ha is described among the lowest in the world; a situation which is blamed on aging tree stocks and other factors. Through sector policy reforms, government instituted and supported activities including gradual rehabilitation of over-aged cocoa farms with improved variety with the aim of boosting productivity and overall cocoa production. Although the rehabilitation of the cocoa farms is ongoing, research has not covered much on the performance of the rehabilitated cocoa farms. The study assessed the yield performance of rehabilitated cocoa farms in the Assin North municipality. The study involved a descriptive survey in which data was obtained with questionnaires and administered by interviewers. A total of 115 farmers were purposively drawn from 5 communities in the district. It was found that the rehabilitated cocoa farms (RCFs) were planted with hybrid varieties and starts yielding in the 3 rd year. Recorded average yield of 533kg/ha in the 4 th year and 742kg/ha in the 5 th year are 33% and 85% higher than the national average of 400kg/ha. Productivity was positively correlated with age of trees and tree survival rate but negatively correlated to farm size. Farmers described growth rate, general appearing (vigour), pest and disease resistance, and yield to be significantly better than the old crop. KEY WORKS : performance, rehabilitated, cocoa, productivity, hybrid
The structure of the brain and human behaviour

Currently, the state of knowing the structure and functionality of the human brain is a source of interest for many researchers. Despite the fact thet there are significant advances in neurobiology, there is still a lack of information on neuroanatomy and neurophysiology that could shed a new look at interpersonal behavior. Changes in the structure of the human brain, which may occur as a result of various factors, affect its functioning and thus human behavior. In the context of neuroanatomic and metabolic changes, cognitive functioning, as well as the expression and control of emotions are also modified. It is worth noting that during the adolescence period, the human nervous system is particularly sensitive to injuries, and dysfunctions of the brain structures that can interfere with for overly risky or even aggressive behavior. The aim of this work was to determine the basic anatomical structures in the functional aspect conditioning human behavior.
Urocorthylus gen.n.: a remarkable monotypical scolytine genus from northern Vietnam (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae)

Urocorthylus, a new scolytine genus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae), including a single new species, U. hirtellus, from northern Vietnam, is described and figured. The new species is considered to be a strongly deviating representative of the subtribe Corthylina LECONTE, 1876, previously thought to be nearly exclusively American.
A Novel Urea Amperometric Biosensor Based on Secretion of Wild Winter Jasmine Petal Cells Modified on Graphite-Epoxy Composite Electrode

A new kind of amperometric biosensor was designed for detection of urea with a high selectivity, sensitivity and wide detection range based on the secretion of whole living cells of wild winter jasmine petals paste covered on a graphite-epoxy composite basic electrode surface. The petal paste from mashed fresh winter jasmine petals was tightly fixed on the basic electrode surface with teflon thin film to keep it contact with electrode surface. During the mashing process, the winter Jasmine petal cells secrete some species, which are electrochemical active and gives an oxidation peak at 0.316 V (vs. SCE) in differential pulse voltammetric curve. The interactions of secreted species with urea molecules, and results in the decrease the oxidation peak current. The oxidation peak current was decreased linearly with the logarithm of urea concentration in the range of 1.3  10~4.57  10 M with the detection limit of 1.3 × 10 M.
Histopathological effects of acute and chronic doses of cadmium on testes of albino mice.

The present study has been undertaken to find out dose and time dependent toxic effects of cadmium (Cd) on testes of albino mice. Male albino mice weighing 20-24g were divided into three groups. In first group, mice were kept as control. In second group, animals were administered with single dose of 2mg/kg body weight (b.w) cadmium chloride (CdCl 2 ) intraperitoneally and autopsied at the intervals of 1,7,15 and 30 days post treatment. In third group animals were injected daily with CdCl 2 at a dose of 0.1mg/kg b.w intraperitoneally for 15 and 30 days and were sacrificed on 15 and 30 day post treatment. After autopsies, testes were excised, processed and slides were prepared by microtomy and were studied. The histopathological effects observed in testes were in the form of oedema in intertubular spaces, hypertrophy and clumping of seminiferous tubules, degeneration of germinal layers in seminiferous tubules, reduced number of spermatogonia, disturbed mitotic activity, plenty of giant cells, pyknotic and karyolitic nuclei. In the present study, maximum damage was observed in mice treated with chronic dose of cadmium.
Distribution, identification and biology of freshwater fishes in south-western Australia

A total of 410 sites in the major watersheds in the south-western corner of Australia, bounded by Bunbury in the north-west and just east of Albany in the south-east, were sampled for fish. Sampling of the different sites was carried out using one or more of the following methods, namely seine netting, scoop netting, trapping and electrofishing to catch juvenile and adult fish, and light trapping, scoop netting and haul netting to collect larval fish. The fish caught at each site were identified and the number of each species recorded. These data were then collated, both with those derived from the studies of Christensen (1982) and Jaensch (1992) and with the records of the Western Australian Museum (WAM), to elucidate the distributions of each of the fish species found in freshwater in south-western Australia. The eight species endemic to south-western Australia are Tandanus bostocki, Lepidogalaxias salamandroides, Galaxias occidentalis, Galaxiella nigrostriata, Galaxiella munda, Bostockia porosa, Edelia vittata and Nannatherina baIstoni. The other species found in this region include Galaxias truttaceus and Galaxias maculatus, which are also represented in south-eastern mainland Australia and Tasmania, the anadromous lamprey Geotria australis, and those teleosts which are commonly found in freshwater, but belong to predominantly marine families, i.e. Leptatherina wallacei, Pseudogobius olonum and Afurcagobius suppositus. Finally, there are those species that have been introduced into the region, i.e. Oncorhynchus mykiss, Salmo trutta, Gambusia holbrooki and Perca fluviatilis.
NEST HABITAT USE OF RIO GRANDE WILD TURKEYS

Nest habitat use of Rio Grande Wild Turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo inter- media) was studied along the South Platte River in northeast Colorado in 1986-87. Thirty- three of 35 nests were in riparian habitats. Nests were either in western snowberry (Sym- phoricarpos occidentalis) (67%) or mixed forbs and grasses (33%). Early season nests were more likely to be in snowberry than late season nests. Nest sites were characterized by greater overstory canopy cover, more shrubs, fewer grasses, and greater understory cover and height than surrounding areas. These areas had more shrubs, fewer large trees, and greater under- story cover and height than riparian habitats throughout the study area. Phenology of understory vegetation and the effect of such vegetation on nest predation may influence temporal patterns of nest habitat use. Received I9 Dec. 1988, accepted 25 March 1989. Avian nest habitat selection may be influenced by many factors in- cluding predation (Martin and Roper 1988), inter- and intraspecific com- petition (Orians 1980), and the thermal environment (Walsberg 1985). To understand habitat selection and the effect of such factors, patterns of nest habitat use must first be documented. For Wild Turkeys (Meleugvis gallogavo), several investigators have recently reported quantitative data on nest habitat use (Lazarus and Porter 1985, Ransom et al. 1987, Wertz and Flake 1988). The varied habitats used for nesting and low sample sizes of these studies precluded elucidation of what criteria Wild Turkeys may use in choosing nest sites. Nest predation has been implicated as a major limiting factor of Wild Turkey populations (Reagan and Morgan 1980, Speake 1980, Ransom et al. 1987), but the influence of predation on habitat choice is not clear.
Dietary effects on human fecal microbiota

The establishment of microbial populations in the gastrointestinal (GI)-tract is a complex process, involving microbial and host interactions eventually resulting in a dense and stable population. Recently, the identification of microbial species from fecal samples has become more accurate with the use of 16S RNA gene-based methods. However, although these molecular-based detection methods have apparent benefits over culture-based techniques, they involve potential pitfalls that should be taken into consideration when studying the fecal microbiota, such as the storage conditions and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)-extraction. Therefore, the effects of different storage conditions and DNA-extraction protocols on fecal samples were evaluated in this study. Whereas the DNA-extraction protocol did not affect the numbers of Bacteroides spp. , the abundance of this group showed a significant decrease after one week’s storage at -20°C. Furthermore, the numbers of predominant bacteria, Eubacterium rectale group, Clostridium leptum group, bifidobacteria and Atopobium group, were significantly higher in samples stored at -70°C after mechanical DNA-extraction than after enzymatic DNA-extraction as detected with real-time PCR (qPCR). These results indicate that rigorous mechanical lysis leads to the detection of higher bacterial numbers from human fecal samples than enzymatic DNA-extraction. Therefore, the use of different DNAextraction protocols may partly explain contradictory results reported in previous studies. The composition of the human intestinal microbiota is influenced by hostspecific factors such as age, genetics and physical and chemical conditions encountered in the GI-tract. On the other hand, it is modulated by environmental factors with impact on the host during the lifespan, such as diet. The impact of diet on the gut microbiota has usually been assessed by subjecting people to the same controlled diet, and thereafter following the shifts in the microbiota. In the present study, the habitual dietary intake of monozygotic twins was associated with the fecal microbiota composition, which was analysed using qPCR and Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis (DGGE). The effect of diet on the numbers of the bacteria was described using a hierarchical linear mixed model that included the twin individuals, stratified by body mass index, and their families as random effects. The abundance and diversity of the bacterial groups studied did not differ between normal weight, overweight, and obese individuals with the techniques used. However, intakes of energy, monounsaturated fat, (n-3) polyunsaturated fat, (n-6) polyunsaturated fat and soluble fibre had significant associations with the fecal bacterial numbers. In addition, co-twins with identical energy intakes had more similar numbers and DGGE-profile diversities of Bacteroides spp. than co-twins
Criterion 1: Conservation of biological diversity - Indicator 8: The number of forest dependent species that occupy a small portion of their former range

This indicator measures the portion of a species' historical distribution that is currently occupied as a surrogate measure of genetic diversity. Based on data for 1,642 terrestrial animals associated with forests, most species (88 percent) were found to fully occupy their historic range - at least as measured by coarse state-level occurrence patterns. Of the 193 species that have been extirpated from at least one state, 72 percent still occupy less than/equal to 90 percent of their former range. The number of species that now occupy greater than/equal to 80 percent of their former range varies by taxonomic group. Range contraction of this magnitude is most commonly observed among mammals (5.7 percent), followed by amphibians (2.3 percent), and birds (1.4 percent). Geographically, states that have lost the greatest number of animal species are concentrated in the northeastern United States. More refined estimates of geographic range size contraction were obtained for 275 threatened or endangered species. Among this subset of species, animals have undergone a greater degree of range contraction (nearly 50 percent of the species are restricted to less than 25 percent of their historic range) than plants (30 percent of species occupy less than 25 percent of their historic range). For most species, data from which to quantify changes in range occupancy are lacking. Because a species? range is dynamic, a statistically designed inventory that permits an objective and temporally systematic assessment of range occupancy is needed.