Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
THE HYDRODYNAMICAL MODELS OF THE COMETARY COMPACT H ii REGION

We have developed a full numerical method to study the gas dynamics of cometary ultracompact H ii regions, and associated photodissociation regions (PDRs). The bow-shock and champagne-flow models with a 40.9/21.9 M⊙ star are simulated. In the bow-shock models, the massive star is assumed to move through dense (n = 8000 cm−3) molecular material with a stellar velocity of 15 km s−1. In the champagne-flow models, an exponential distribution of density with a scale height of 0.2 pc is assumed. The profiles of the [Ne ii] 12.81 μm and H2 S(2) lines from the ionized regions and PDRs are compared for two sets of models. In champagne-flow models, emission lines from the ionized gas clearly show the effect of acceleration along the direction toward the tail due to the density gradient. The kinematics of the molecular gas inside the dense shell are mainly due to the expansion of the H ii region. However, in bow-shock models the ionized gas mainly moves in the same direction as the stellar motion. The kinematics of the molecular gas inside the dense shell simply reflects the motion of the dense shell with respect to the star. These differences can be used to distinguish two sets of models.
Dust Properties and Star Formation Rates in Star-Forming Dwarf Galaxies

We have used the Spitzer Space Telescope to study the dust properties of a sample of star-forming dwarf galaxies. The differences in the mid-infrared spectral energy distributions for these galaxies, which, in general, are low-metallicity systems, indicate differences in the physical properties, heating, and/or distribution of the dust. Specifically, these galaxies have more hot dust and/or very small grains and less PAH emission than either spiral or higher luminosity starburst galaxies. As has been shown in previous studies, there is a gradual decrease in PAH emission as a function of metallicity. Because much of the energy from star formation in galaxies is reradiated in the mid-infrared, star formation rate indicators based on both line and continuum measurements in this wavelength range are coming into more common usage. We show that the variations in the interstellar medium properties of galaxies in our sample, as measured in the mid-infrared, result in over an order of magnitude spread in the computed star formation rates.
Stable Real K-theory and Real Topological Hochschild Homology

The classical trace map is a highly non-trivial map from algebraic K-theory to topological Hochschild homology (or topological cyclic homology) introduced by B\"okstedt, Hsiang and Madsen. It led to many computations of algebraic K-theory of rings. Hesselholt and Madsen recently introduced a Z/2-equivariant version of Waldhausen S-construction for categories with duality. The output is a certain spectrum with involution, called the real K-theory spectrum KR, and associated bigraded groups analogous to Atiyah's real (topological) K-groups. This thesis develops a theory of topological Hochschild homology for categories with duality, and a Z/2-equivariant trace map from real K-theory to it. The main result of the thesis is that stable KR of the category of projective modules over a split square zero extension of a ring is equivalent to the real topological Hochschild homology of the ring with appropriate coefficients. This is the real version a theorem of Dundas-McCarthy for ordinary K-theory.
Photocarrier thermalization bottleneck in graphene

We present an ab-initio study of photocarrier dynamics in graphene due to electron-phonon (EP) interactions. Using the Boltzmann relaxation-time approximation with parameters determined from density functional theory (DFT) and a complementary, explicitly solvable model we show that the photocarrier thermalization time changes by orders of magnitude, when the excitation energy is reduced from 1 eV to the 100 meV range. In detail, the ultrafast thermalization at low temperatures takes place on a femtosecond timescale via optical phonon emission, but slows down to picoseconds once excitation energies become comparable with these optical phonon energy quanta. In the latter regime, thermalization times exhibit a pronounced dependence on temperature. Our DFT model includes all the inter- and intraband transitions due to EP scattering. Thanks to the high melting point of graphene we extend our studies up to 2000~K and show that such high temperatures reduce the photocarrier thermalization time through phonon absorption.
Determinants of taxation in South Africa: an econometric approach

: The study analyses the determinants of taxation in South Africa for the period from 1972 to 2021. The utilised borrowed time series data from the World Bank. The study employed economic growth, trade, inflation, and government expenditure as control variables. The study performed ADF and PP unit root test, ARDL Bounds test to cointegration, optimal lags model and residual diagnostics. The results of the ARDL model revealed that government spending is a positive statistically determinant while inflation and trade negative statistically significant determinants of taxation in both the short and long run period. Economic growth was found to be a positive statistically significant determinant in the short run while negative statistically insignificant determinant of taxation in the long run. The study provided several policy recommendations such as boosting government expenditure to increase tax collected while revising policies on inflation and trade. The empirical evidence revealed monetization as one of the factors affecting tax buoyancy. According to the results, mismanagement of monetization in these developing countries negatively affects annual tax buoyancy. Other factors found to be affecting tax buoyancy include growth in agricultural and industrial sector contributions to national income, growth in external aid, increased fiscal deficit and total expenditure. The study suggests a strong link between fiscal and monetary sectors, improve tax administration through proper reforms and improved infrastructure to facilitate tax collection and stable macroeconomic environment. recommended
Analysis of the Brinkman-Forchheimer equations with slip boundary conditions

In this work, we study the Brinkman–Forchheimer equations driven under slip boundary conditions of friction type. We prove the existence and uniqueness of weak solutions by means of regularization combined with the Faedo-Galerkin approach. Next, we discuss the continuity of the solution with respect to Brinkman’s and Forchheimer’s coefficients. Finally, we show that the weak solution of the corresponding stationary problem is stable.
ournal of Statistical Mechanics: Theory and Experiment Logarithmic observables in critical percolation

Although it has long been known that the proper quantum ﬁeld theory description of critical percolation involves a logarithmic conformal ﬁeld theory (LCFT), no direct consequence of this has been observed so far. Representing critical bond percolation as the Q → 1 limit of the Q -state Potts model, and analyzing the underlying S Q symmetry of the Potts spins, we identify a class of simple observables whose two-point functions scale logarithmically for Q → 1. The logarithm originates from the mixing of the energy operator with a logarithmic partner that we identify as the ﬁeld that creates two propagating clusters. In d = 2 dimensions this agrees with general LCFT results, and in particular the universal prefactor of the logarithm can be computed exactly. We conﬁrm its numerical value by carrying out extensive Monte Carlo simulations.
SPIDER – IX. Classifying galaxy groups according to their velocity distribution

We introduce a new method to study the velocity distribution of galaxy systems, the Hellinger Distance (HD) - designed for detecting departures from a Gaussian velocity distribution. We define a relaxed galactic system as the one with unimodal velocity distribution and a normality deviation below a critical value (HD = 20) systems are significantly larger than in low multiplicity ones (N ) and the gaussianity of the velocity distribution of the groups. Bright galaxies (M_r <=-20.7) residing in the inner and outer regions of groups, do not show significant differences in the listed quantities regardless if the group has a Gaussian (G) or a Non-Gaussian (NG) velocity distribution. However, the situation is significantly different when we examine the faint galaxies (-20.7<M_r<=-17.9). In G groups, there is a remarkable difference between the galaxy properties of the inner and outer galaxy populations, testifying how the environment is affecting the galaxies. Instead, in NG groups there is no segregation between the properties of galaxies in the inner and outer regions, showing that the properties of these galaxies still reflect the physical processes prevailing in the environment where they were found earlier.
Diversity Analysis of the Rice False Smut Pathogen Ustilaginoidea virens in Southwest China

Rice false smut caused by Ustilaginoidea virens is a destructive disease in rice cropping areas of the world. The present study is focused on the morphology, pathogenicity, mating-type loci distribution, and genetic characterization of different isolates of U. virens. A total of 221 strains of U. virens were collected from 13 rice-growing regions in southwest China. The morphological features of these strains exhibited high diversity, and the pathogenicity of the smut fungus showed significant differentiation. There was no correlation between pathogenicity and sporulation. Mating-type locus (MAT) analysis revealed that all 221 isolates comprised heterothallic and homothallic forms, wherein 204 (92.31%) and 17 (7.69%) isolates belonged to heterothallic and homothallic mating types, respectively. Among 204 strains of heterothallic mating types, 62 (28.05%) contained MAT1-1-1 idiomorphs, and 142 isolates (64.25%) had the MAT1-2-1 idiomorph. Interestingly, strains isolated from the same fungus ball had different mating types. The genetic structure of the isolates was analyzed using simple sequence repeats (SSRs) and single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). All isolates were clustered into five genetic groups. The values of Nei’s gene diversity (H) and Shannon’s information index (I) indicated that all strains as a group had higher genetic diversity than strains from a single geographical population. The pairwise population fixation index (FST) values also indicated significant genetic differentiation among all compared geographical populations. The analysis of molecular variation (AMOVA) indicated greater genetic variation within individual populations and less genetic variation among populations. The results showed that most of the strains were not clustered according to their geographical origin, showing the rich genetic diversity and the complex and diverse genetic background of U. virens in southwest China. These results should help to better understand the biological and genetic diversity of U. virens in southwest China and provide a theoretical basis for building effective management strategies.
Characterization of a Polymorphism in the Stimulatory Region of the TNF Gene in Type 2 Diabetic Patients in Iraq

The current study aims to analyze the distribution of the TNF-α gene and TNF-β polymorphism (-308G/A) in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients. According to world health organization the prevalence of diabetes is rising exponentially. Tumor necrosis factor alpha and beta are members of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) super-family considered as pro inflammatory cytokine which play major role in DM pathogenesis. single nucleotide polymorphism reported to have associated with type 2 DM. Frequency of TNF-a G308A polymorphism was determine in different ethnic groups and was found variable highly. Few studies recorded appositive association between DM and TNF-α polymorphism; including meta-analysis failed to find such association. Our finding revealed that the TNF-α gene polymorphism (-308G/A) had 38 (12.50%) of G/G genotype, 44 (45.83%) of G/A genotype and 40 (41.67%) A/A genotype showed in this population. This preliminary result indicated that G/A genotype was a common in the TNF-α gene polymorphism (-308G/A) in T2DM patients while healthy control group does not exhibit AA and GA genotype. The TNF and LTA genes are arranged in tandem within the major histo-compatibility complex class III region on the short arm of chromosome 612 13. LT-α RNA was detected in both macrophage and non-macrophage populations in term deciduas 14. LT-α of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) super-family originally The aim of the study was to investigate the frequency of alleles and polymorphic genotypes of the TNF -α gene, locus-308 (rs-1800629) and lymphotoxine alpha +1 252 A<G in diabetic patients compared to the control group. The TNF-α is a cytokine that arise in inflammation condition to regulate activation, differentiation, and proliferation of cell. The cytokine was regulating the continuity of the cell. The TNF-α structure in the form of 17 kilodaltons (kDa) protein was constructed from 185 amino acids [6, 7, 8]. Coding of TNF-α genes are on chromosome 6 (6p 21.3). TNF-α synthesis is regulated by specific TNF-α gene sequences. Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs) or substitution of one nucleotide base in the TNF-α gene sequences influence the synthesis or levels of TNF-α. The SNIPs of TNF-α gene was postulated as a key genetic factor in several diseases. In the gene polymorphism (-308G/A) shown that the substitution of a guanine (G) nucleotide by an adenine (A) nucleotide [9, 10]. glucose tolerance test HA1C, lipid profile, and detection of both TNF-308G/A (rs-1800629) gene polymorphisms and LT-α gene, position
Microcurrent and Gold Nanoparticles Combined with Hyaluronic Acid Accelerates Wound Healing

This study aimed to investigate the effects of iontophoresis and hyaluronic acid (HA) combined with a gold nanoparticle (GNP) solution in an excisional wound model. Fifty Wistar rats (n = 10/group) were randomly assigned to the following groups: excisional wound (EW); EW + MC; EW + MC + HA; EW + MC + GNPs; and EW + MC + HA + GNPs. The animals were induced to a circular excision, and treatment started 24 h after injury with microcurrents (300 µA) containing gel with HA (0.9%) and/or GNPs (30 mg/L) in the electrodes (1 mL) for 7 days. The animals were euthanized 12 h after the last treatment application. The results demonstrate a reduction in the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IFNϒ, IL-1β, TNFα, and IL-6) in the group in which the therapies were combined, and they show increased levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-4 and IL-10) and growth factors (FGF and TGF-β) in the EW + MC + HA and EW + MC + HA + GNPs groups. As for the levels of dichlorofluorescein (DCF) and nitrite, as well as oxidative damage (carbonyl and sulfhydryl), they decreased in the combined therapy group when compared to the control group. Regarding antioxidant defense, there was an increase in glutathione (GSH) and a decrease in superoxide dismutase (SOD) in the combined therapy group. A histological analysis showed reduced inflammatory infiltrate in the MC-treated groups and in the combination therapy group. There was an increase in the wound contraction rate in all treated groups when compared to the control group, proving that the proposed therapies are effective in the epithelial healing process. The results of this study demonstrate that the therapies in combination favor the tissue repair process more significantly than the therapies in isolation.
The effect of infection with the Entamoeba histolytica on oxidative stress status in Kirkuk hospital patients

Entamoeba histolytica is one of the principal intestinal pathogenic parasitic protozoans that cause health issues globally. The purpose of this study is to evaluate how the oxidative stress indicators glutathione (GSH), malondialdehyde (MDA), catalase(CAT), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) are affected by E. histolytica infection. This study, which involved 476 patients of all ages and genders, was conducted between September 2020 and the end of August 2021 to look in to the prevalence of E. histolytica among those who had diarrhea, and tow diagnostic methods were used, including the direct smear method and ELISA technology to detect the parasite in stool samples. 20 blood samples were collected from those infected with the parasite of both sexes, 20 samples from patients suffering from diarrhea symptoms, in addition to 20 samples from healthy individuals as a control group. The results showed that the total percentage of infection with E. histolytica reached to 29.6%. and showed significantly increased the concentration of malondialdehyde (P<0.01) compared to the diarrhea-infected group and the healthy group and the decreased in the activity of glutathione concentration and the activity of catalase enzymes and superoxide dismutase in the infected with the parasite significantly (p<0.01) compared to the diarrhea-infected group and the healthy group. It is concluded from the results of the current study that infection by E. histolytica induced oxidative stress status of the infected people, which may have different health consequences.
Assessment Of Pure Tone Hearing Threshold In Niddm & Its Comparison With Healthy Individual

Aim: To assess whether patients of NIDDM have a higher incidence of sensorineural hearing loss. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted included 100 participants such that 50 were diabetics and another were nondiabetics. Pure Tone Audiometry was performed on the patient, and the results were assessed by comparing them to the patient's diabetes duration. The IBM SPSS version 20 software was used for all data analysis. The tables were created using cross tabulation and frequency distribution. Results: On comparing the degree of hearing loss between both the groups and the mean hearing threshold of both the ears with duration of diabetes it was found that distribution of degree of hearing loss between the cases and control was significantly different. Conclusion: The study concluded that age had the direct association with the pure tone threshold level which means by increasing the age of the diabetes patients, hearing loss also increases as revealed by the significant p value of <0. 005. The degree, kind, laterality, and frequency configuration of hearing loss are assessed using pure tone air conduction and bone conduction tests. Hearing thresholds (dB) are shown using pure tone for various frequencies A pure tone audiology threshold is the decibel level at which a sound is perceived 50% of the time at a given frequency. Decibel scale is mainly used to record decibel hearing level in pure tone. The intensity of this scale is basically based on normal human being with 0 dB HL means for median threshold for adult.
LOGARITHMIC DE RHAM–WITT COMPLEXES VIA THE DÉCALAGE OPERATOR

Abstract We provide a new formalism of de Rham–Witt complexes in the logarithmic setting. This construction generalises a result of Bhatt–Lurie–Mathew and agrees with those of Hyodo–Kato and Matsuue for log-smooth schemes of log-Cartier type. We then use our construction to study the monodromy action and slopes of Frobenius on log crystalline cohomology.
The Economic Effects of Green Spaces between Planned and Unplanned Communities in Los Angeles County

This paper examines the relationship between the sale price of single-family properties and green-space characteristics for three communities in Los Angeles County. The results shed light on how green spaces geographically influence property values in two different prototypes of urban growth: planned versus unplanned communities. Quantitative results reveal that property values inconsistently reflect the five major attributes of green spaces (view, distance, size, type, character). In the planned community, active recreational green spaces have a negative impact on property values, while views, larger-sized green spaces, proximities to parks, greenways, and passive recreational green spaces have significant positive impacts. In contrast, in the communities characterized by unplanned growth, only proximity to park is directly reflected in housing values. The findings signify that different attributes of green spaces impact property values in unique ways in planned versus unplanned communities. Considering overall effects, green spaces have a more positive influence on housing values in a planned community.
Penetration Depth Reduction with Plasmonic Metafilms

In many optical systems, including metal films, dielectric reflectors, and photonic crystals, electromagnetic waves can experience evanescent decay. The spatial length scale of such decay defines the penetration depth. The ability to reduce the penetration depth is important for a number of applications in free-space and integrated photonics. In this paper, we consider a ultrathin metafilm structures consisting of alternating regions of metal and dielectric. We show that the penetration depth of such metafilm can be significantly smaller as compared to that of a corresponding metal thin film. The reduction of the penetration depth arises due to the enhanced effective mass in the photonic band structure. This effect can be used to enhance the reflectivity of ultrathin reflectors, and to increase the packing density of subwavelength plasmonic waveguides.
$e$-Positivity Results and Conjectures

In a 2016 ArXiv posting F. Bergeron listed a variety of symmetric functions $G[X;q]$ with the property that $G[X;1+q]$ is $e$-positive. A large subvariety of his examples could be explained by the conjecture that the Dyck path LLT polynomials exhibit the same phenomenon. In this paper we list the results of computer explorations which suggest that other examples exhibit the same phenomenon. We prove two of the resulting conjectures and propose algorithms that would prove several of our conjectures. In writing this paper we have learned that similar findings have been independently discovered by Per Alexandersson.
THE FORMATION OF MASSIVE CLUSTER GALAXIES

We present composite 3.6 and 4.5 μm luminosity functions (LFs) for cluster galaxies measured from the Spitzer Deep, Wide-Field Survey for 0.3 < z < 2. We compare the evolution of m* for these LFs to models for passively evolving stellar populations to constrain the primary epoch of star formation in massive cluster galaxies. At low redshifts (z ≲ 1.3), our results agree well with models with no mass assembly and passively evolving stellar populations with a luminosity-weighted mean formation redshift zf = 2.4 assuming a Kroupa initial mass function (IMF). We conduct a thorough investigation of systematic biases that might influence our results, and estimate systematic uncertainties of Δzf = +0.16−0.18 (model normalization), Δzf = +0.40−0.05 (α), and Δzf = +0.30−0.45 (choice of stellar population model). For a Salpeter-type IMF, the typical formation epoch is thus strongly constrained to be z ∼ 2–3. Higher formation redshifts can only be made consistent with the data if one permits an evolving IMF that is bottom-light at high redshift, as suggested by van Dokkum. At high redshifts (z ≳ 1.3), we also witness a statistically significant (>5σ) disagreement between the measured LF and the continuation of the passive evolution model from lower redshifts. After considering potential systematic biases that might influence our highest redshift data points, we interpret the observed deviation as potential evidence for ongoing mass assembly at this epoch.