Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Comparison of PLL-Based and PLL-Less Vector Current Controllers

This article presents a detailed and rigorous comparison between two vector current control (VCC) approaches for voltage source converters (VSC). A PLL-less VCC (also called the direct power control) has recently been proposed in several major publications with the assumption that it will improve the performance of conventional PLL-based VCC during weak grid conditions. In this article, first, we introduce an enhancement to both the PLL-based and PLL-less VCCs by using an optimal multivariable control design for both of them. Then, we show that both controllers perform equally during normal and weak grid conditions. However, the PLL-less VCC produces errors when the grid frequency variations occur and eventually becomes unstable when the grid is also weakened. Furthermore, the PLL-less VCC cannot produce a clean output current when unbalanced grid disturbances occur. This article proposes a method to address this latter issue. It also proves that the filters used in PLL-less VCC introduce similar dynamics to those of PLL. This article concludes that the PLL-based VCC is still the preferred choice for the grid-interfaced VSCs. Laboratory-scale experimental results are also included to validate the simulation results.
A data-driven perspective on the colours of metal–organic frameworks

Colour is at the core of chemistry and has been fascinating humans since ancient times. It is also a key descriptor of optoelectronic properties of materials and is often used to assess the success of a synthesis. However, predicting the colour of a material based on its structure is challenging. In this work, we leverage subjective and categorical human assignments of colours to build a model that can predict the colour of compounds on a continuous scale. In the process of developing the model, we also uncover inadequacies in current reporting mechanisms. For example, we show that the majority of colour assignments are subject to perceptive spread that would not comply with common printing standards. To remedy this, we suggest and implement an alternative way of reporting colour—and chemical data in general. All data is captured in an objective, and standardised, form in an electronic lab notebook and subsequently automatically exported to a repository in open formats, from where it can be interactively explored by other researchers. We envision this to be key for a data-driven approach to chemical research.
Human Emotion Recognition With Relational Region-Level Analysis

Recognizing the emotional state of a person within the image in real-world scenarios is a key problem in affective computing and has various promising applications. Local regions in the image, including different objects in the background scene and parts within the foreground body, usually have different contributions to emotion perception of the target person. This, however, has not been well exploited in most existing methods. In this article, we propose to make relational region-level analysis to account for the different contributions of different regions to emotion recognition. For the background scene, we propose a Body-Object Attention (BOA) module to estimate the contributions of background objects to emotion recognition given the target foreground body. Within the foreground body, we propose a Body Part Attention (BPA) module to recalibrate the channel-wise body feature responses to attend on body parts that are more important. Moreover, we propose to model the emotion label dependency in real-world images, considering both the semantic meanings of these labels and their co-occurrence patterns. We evaluate the proposed method on the EMOTIC and CAER-S datasets, and experimental results show the superiority of our method compared with the state-of-the-art algorithms.
The Process Design and Rapid Superplastic Forming of Industrial AA5083 for a Fender with a Negative Angle in a Small Batch

A front automobile fender with a negative angle was trial produced via rapid superplastic forming (SPF) technology. The tensile test of industrial AA5083 was carried out at elevated temperatures, and the results showed that the maximum elongation was 242% at 480 °C/0.001 s−1. A rigid-plastic constitutive model of the SPF process was established. Initial dies of preforming and final forming were designed. The finite element method (FEM) was used to simulate the forming process and predict the thickness distribution of different areas. Furthermore, the dies were optimized to make the thickness distribution uniform. In the final structure, the maximum thinning ratio decreased from 83.2% to 63% due to the optimized design of the forming dies. The front automobile fender was then successfully fabricated by the preforming process and final forming process at 480 °C. A thickness measurement was carried out, and the minimum thickness of the preforming structure was 2.17 mm at the transverse tank, while that of the final structure was 2.49 mm near the edge of the lamp orifice. The average grain size grew from 20 to 35 μm. The grain growth led to the reduction of mechanical properties. Compared with the mechanical properties of the initial material, the maximum decrease in tensile strength for the material after superplastic forming was 5.78%, and that of elongation was 18.5%.
The Role of Sensory Feedback in Developmental Stuttering: A Review

Abstract Developmental stuttering is a neurodevelopmental disorder that severely affects speech fluency. Multiple lines of evidence point to a role of sensory feedback in the disorder; this has led to a number of theories proposing different disruptions to the use of sensory feedback during speech motor control in people who stutter. The purpose of this review was to bring together evidence from studies using altered auditory feedback paradigms with people who stutter, in order to evaluate the predictions of these different theories. This review highlights converging evidence for particular patterns of differences in the responses of people who stutter to feedback perturbations. The implications for hypotheses on the nature of the disruption to sensorimotor control of speech in the disorder are discussed, with reference to neurocomputational models of speech control (predominantly, the DIVA model; Guenther et al., 2006; Tourville et al., 2008). While some consistent patterns are emerging from this evidence, it is clear that more work in this area is needed with developmental samples in particular, in order to tease apart differences related to symptom onset from those related to compensatory strategies that develop with experience of stuttering.
Leaving the Old Neighborhood: Shifting Spatial Decisions by Black Home Buyers and Their Implications for Black Urban Middle Neighborhoods in Legacy Cities

ABSTRACT Homebuying by African American households in the United States dropped sharply after the foreclosure crisis but has rebounded since 2013. As Black homebuyers have returned strongly to the homebuying market, however, their spatial decisions have shifted significantly. Using Home Mortgage Disclosure Act data for a cluster of large legacy cities, we found that in comparison to earlier periods, recent Black homebuyers are significantly more likely today to be buying homes in suburban rather than central-city locations and less likely to buy in predominantly African American rather than racially mixed census tracts within central cities. These preference shifts have particularly problematic implications for the predominantly Black middle-income neighborhoods that emerged in these cities in the 1960s and 1970s. Building on previous research that has documented a significant decline in socioeconomic and housing market conditions in those neighborhoods since 2000, we suggest that these shifts in homebuying patterns, although not causing those declines and arguably reflecting rational decisions by homebuyers, nonetheless represent an existential threat to these neighborhoods’ viability. To succeed in stabilizing or reviving these neighborhoods, efforts by public agencies or community organizations must address the reasons for their loss of homebuyers.
Coconut Husk, a Lignocellulosic Biomass, as a Promising Engineering Material for Non-wood Paper Production

ABSTRACT Plant fiber classified as environmentally friendly material is a promising renewable engineering material rich in lignocellulose that can be employed in the pulp and paper industry as a substitution to wood which has been entailing negative environmental impacts due to acute deforestation. This paper assesses the feasibility of manufacturing biodegradable, writable and eco-friendly papers from waste coconut husk which is a low-cost and locally available biomass. The biomass was used along with wastepaper in different ratios. Papers of 60 gm−2 were produced with and without binder. Starch was added as binder to strengthen the paper and increase its resistance to bursting and abrasion. The properties of the paper were assessed through physical and mechanical tests. The mean thickness of the unreinforced and starch reinforced papers were 0.267 ± 0.012 mm and 0.282 ± 0.016 mm respectively. The reinforced 100% coconut husk paper specimens demonstrated greatest tensile and burst index of 19.25 Nmg−1 and 2.266 kPam2g−1 respectively requiring the highest number of 125 turns to get abraded. Unreinforced 60% coconut fibers showed lowest absorbency rate implying that it is 35 times more absorbent than 60 g/m2 normal paper. The paper specimens having highest mean recovery angle suitable for writing materials were the reinforced 60% Cocos Nucifera and 40% wastepaper (77.6°).
Travel Mode of Commuting in Context of Subjective Well-Being—Experience from Slovakia

This article deals with commuting to and from work of workers in Slovakia as a part of traveling and its impact on private life of commuters. It provides a more comprehensive view on the socio-demographic determinants which affect the travel mode choice. Furthermore, the study offers several evaluations of the impact on the subjective well-being of commuters. The aim of the article is to review demographic and economic determinants influencing the travel mode choice and to determine its impact on the subjective well-being of respondents. On a sample of approximately 1000 economically active individuals by using several statistical tests (Nominal Logistic Regression, Fisher’s Exact Test, Mann-Whitney Test, Cochran Test, McNemar Test), we identified the determinants affecting the travel mode choice of respondents, including commuting time costs, commuting financial costs, income of respondents, education, gender, type of employment and place of work. This study has also showed that respondents are the most satisfied when commuting by bicycle or on foot and the most dissatisfied when commuting by using public transport. These facts, among others, should be reflected by the creation of sustainable and “green” transport infrastructure in Slovakia.
Global exponential stability of inertial Cohen-Grossberg neural networks with parameter uncertainties and time-varying delays

This paper aims to investigate the global exponential stability of a class of inertial Cohen-Grossberg neural networks with parameter uncertainties and time-varying delays. By constructing a modified delay-dependent Lyapunov-Krasovskii functional, delay-dependent criteria stated with simple algebraic inequalities are given in order to ensure the global exponential stability for the addressed neural network model. In sharp contrast to the existed reduced order method used to and delay-independent criteria derived for the neural networks with inertial terms, the model proposed and results established of this paper are more general and rigorous. Finally, numerical examples with simulations are presented to illustrate the main results.
A novel model based on Sequential Adaptive Memory for English-Hindi Translation

Machine ‐ based language translation has been certainly picking up. Still, machines lag behind the cognitive powers of human beings. Neural Machine Translation (NMT) methods require huge datasets and computational power for high ‐ quality translation. A novel Sequential Adaptive Memory (SAM) cognitive model ‐ based machine translation system for English to Hindi translation, was proposed. This model is an augmented version of the Cortical Learning Algorithm (CLA). The SAM is based on the architecture of the neocortex region of the brain, where speech and language comprehension and production take place. The proposed model is capable of learning with smaller datasets. This model employs the sequence to sequence learning approach, which provides better quality translation. It enables the creation of word pairs, dictionaries, and rules for translation. The results of the proposed approach are compared with the traditional phrase ‐ based SMT approach as well as with the state ‐ of ‐ the ‐ art NMT approach. The results are comparable with the results of the conventional approaches. We illustrate that the limitations of the approaches are won over by the proposed SAM approach. It is observed that SAM is capable of exhibiting satisfactory quality translation for low resource languages as well.
Implication Of Geological Domains Data For Modeling And Estimating Resources From Nkout Iron Deposit (South-Cameroun)

This paper is devoted to determine whether the addition of geological information can improve the resource estimate of mineral resources. The geochemical data used come from 116 drill holes in the Nkout East iron deposit in southern Cameroon. These geochemical data are modeled on Surpac and Isatis softwares to represent the 3D geochemical distribution of iron in the deposit. Statistical analysis and then a variographic study is performed to study the spatial variability of iron. Estimation domains were defined based on the results of geological and geochemical analyses. Four domains were determined. These domains are in particular, the saprolitic domain; the poor domain or fresh rocks such as amphibolites, granites and gneisses; the rich domain or oxidized rocks (BIF) and the metasediment domain. Block modeling of the deposit is performed to estimate the resource. The grade of each block was estimated by using ordinary kriging and composites from each domain. This study also consisted of comparing two types of estimate, notably the domain estimate and the global estimate. The cross-validation made it possible to authenticate the obtained models. From this comparison, the domain estimation brings more precision the global estimate precisely on the error analysis while if we take into account the point clouds of the predicted and estimated values, the estimation by geochemical modelling provides the best results.
Orientalism and linguicism: how language marks Iranian-Canadians as a Racial ‘other’

Abstract This study examines the social experiences of Iranian female immigrants in schools in Toronto, Canada. Drawing on postcolonial theory and critical whiteness studies, I interrogate the ways in which ‘Oriental’ subjects are Othered among their peers, and how whiteness is established as the invisible norm. This study observes the role that having an immigrant, English-as-a-second-language (ESL) identity plays in shaping the participants’ social experiences at school. The women in this study rejected racism as a plausible cause of their social exclusion. I suggest two possible explanations for this: (1) the ‘Aryan myth’, which still heavily circulates within Iranian communities, constitutes a subtle mechanism by which white supremacy is culturally inherited by many Iranians; (2) the participants’ ability to ‘pass’ as white acted as a privilege which made race a less salient marker of difference to them. Instead, their status as the ‘Oriental Other’ was most visible when language was concerned.
Inferring Sediment Transport Capacity from Soil Microtopography Changes on a Laboratory Hillslope

In hillslope erosion modeling, the Transport Capacity (Tc) concept describes an upper limit to the flux of sediment transportable by a flow of given hydraulic characteristics. This widely used concept in process-based erosion modeling faces challenges due to scarcity of experimental data to strengthen its validity. In this paper, we test a methodology that infers the exceedance of transport capacity by concentrated flow from changes to soil surface microtopography sustained during rainfall-runoff events. Digital Elevation Models (DEMs) corresponding to pre- and post-rainfall events were used to compute elevation change maps and estimate spatially-varying flow hydraulics ω taken as the product of flow accumulation and local slope. These spatial data were used to calculate a probability of erosion PE at regular flow hydraulics intervals. The exceedance of Tc was inferred from the crossing of the PE = 0.5 line. The proposed methodology was applied to experimental data collected to study the impact of soil subsurface hydrology on soil erosion and sediment transport processes. Sustained net deposition occurred under drainage condition while PE for seepage conditions mostly stayed in the net erosion regime. Results from this study suggest pulsating erosion patterns along concentrated flow networks with intermittent increases in PE to local maxima followed by declines to local minima. These short-range erosion patterns could not be explained by current Tc-based erosion models. Nevertheless, Tc-based erosion models adequately capture observed decline in local PE maxima as ω increased. Applying the proposed approach suggests a dependence of Tc on subsurface hydrology with net deposition more likely under drainage conditions compared to seepage conditions.
SEED DORMANCY BREAKING AND GERMINATION OF POKEWEED AND LAMB’S EAR: TWO INVASIVE PLANTS

We investigated seed dormancy breaking techniques and some environmental factors affecting on seed germination of Pokeweed ( Phytolacca americana L.) and Lamb’s Ear ( Stachys byzantina K. Koch) in a series of laboratory and green house experiments. The seed dormancy breaking treatments were consisted Gibberellic acid (GA 3 ), mechanical scarification and leaching duration. Environmental factors were included salt and drought stresses, pH and planting depth. The greater stimulatory effect on germination was observed at low concentrations of GA 3 , while seed germination of both Pokeweed and Lamb’s Ear was reduced with high concentrations of GA 3 . With decreasing of water potential germination significantly reduced. Seed germination was inversely related to salt concentration. But, Lamb’s Ear germinated in solutions with relatively high salinity. The Pokeweed seeds germination was greatly reduced at pH lower and higher than 7. Lamb’s Ear seed germination was completely inhibited at pH lesser than 7. The maximum germination percentage of Pokeweed (62%) occurred at planting depth 5 cm after 30 days. Germination percentage of Lamb’s Ear increased in comparison to the control as leaching duration enhanced. But it was declined as leached for 96 hours. The seedling emergence decreased with increasing of planting depth in both plants.
Persepsi Orang Tua Siswa terhadap Pembelajaran Daring pada Masa Pandemi Covid 19 di Yogyakarta

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mendapatkan informasi terkait kendala dalam pembelajaran secara daring pada layanan PAUD akibat adanya pandemic COVID-19. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode studi kasus eksplorasi untuk mendapatkan informasi bagaimana proses pembelajaran daring berlangsung dan kendala yang dihadapi dalam pembelajaran. Dalam penelitian ini, responden sebanyak 8 orang tua murid di lembaga PAUD di Sleman Yogyakarta. Untuk tujuan kerahasiaan, responden diberi inisial R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7 dan R8. Hasil dari penelitian ini terdapat kendala yang dialami oleh murid, guru, dan orang tua dalam pembelajaran daring yaitu keterbatasan penguasaan teknologi, jaringan internet yang tidak stabil, variasi materi bahan ajar yang masih sangat minim, serta jam kerja yang menjadi tidak terbatas bagi guru. Dampak dari penelitian ini dapat memberikan masukan bagi pemangku kebijakan tentang bagaimana menyelenggrakan model pendidikan daring yang sesuai dengan kondisi warga belajarnya terlebih pada masa pandemi
Antimony (V) Adsorption at the Hematite–Water Interface: A Macroscopic and In Situ ATR-FTIR Study

The environmental mobility of antimony (Sb) is largely unexplored in geochemical environments. Iron oxide minerals are considered major sinks for Sb. Among the different oxidation states of Sb, (+) V is found more commonly in a wide redox range. Despite many adsorption studies of Sb (V) with various iron oxide minerals, detailed research on the adsorption mechanism of Sb (V) on hematite using macroscopic, spectroscopic, and surface complexation modeling is rare. Thus, the main objective of our study is to evaluate the surface complexation mechanism of Sb (V) on hematite under a range of solution properties using macroscopic, in situ attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopic, and surface complexation modeling. The results indicate that the Sb (V) adsorption on hematite was highest at pH 4–6. After pH 6, the adsorption decreased sharply and became negligible above pH 9. The effect of ionic strength was negligible from pH 4 to 6. The spectroscopic results confirmed the presence of inner- and outer-sphere surface complexes at lower pH values, and only outer-sphere-type surface complex at pH 8. Surface complexation models successfully predicted the Sb (V) adsorption envelope. Our research will improve the understanding of Sb (V) mobility in iron-oxide-rich environments.
A 35-mV supply ring oscillator consisting of stacked body bias inverters for extremely low-voltage LSIs

This paper proposes a ring oscillator (ROSC) for extremely low-voltage LSI applications. The ROSC consists of dedicated low-voltage stacked body bias inverters (SBBIs) that are based on the conventional selfbias inverter (SBI) and stacked inverter (SI). The proposed SBBI employs the advantages of both SBI and SI to oscillate at extremely low supply voltage. The voltage gain of the proposed SBBI is improved by controlling main inverter’s supply (VDD and Gnd) and body-bias voltages, by using stacked and feedback inverters. The novelty of our proposed SBBI is in the combination of the conventional low-voltage circuit design techniques and its demonstration at extremely low supply voltage. Simulated and measured results in a 0.18-μm CMOS process with deep n-well option demonstrated that the proposed ROSC can operate at extremely low supply voltage of 35 mV and generate a clock with an 88% voltage swing from an input supply voltage of 50 mV. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the lowest supply voltage CMOS ring oscillator ever reported.
Distress in Adolescence in China: Concurrent Environmental Characteristicsand Pathways to Depression in Adulthood

ABSTRACT This study purposes to examine the direct pathways from psychological distress and environmental factors in adolescence to depression in adulthood, as well as the indirect pathways via life satisfaction, confidence in the future, and interpersonal relationships. 1,759 respondents who were measured in both 2010 and 2018 in China Family Panel Studies were included. Using structural equation modelling (SEM), this study found that psychological distress in adolescence has unique impacts on depression in adulthood. Family environment was indirectly associated with adulthood depression through life satisfaction. School satisfaction demonstrated its salient influences on adulthood depression through life satisfaction, confidence in the future, and interpersonal relationships. Based on longitudinal data, this study depicted complex mechanisms shaping adulthood depression which involved both adolescent psychological distress and concurrent environmental factors. Correspondingly, social work practices should be improved regarding early intervention on psychological distress, integration of different practical areas, and adoption of interpersonal therapeutic treatment.