Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
FM-GAN: Forward Modeling Network for Generating Approaching-Reality B-Scans of GPR Pipelines With Transformer Tuning

Ground-penetrating radar (GPR) forward modeling holds significant importance in the realms of geological exploration, subsurface target detection, and scientific research. With the growing use of deep learning in GPR data processing, the need for extensive datasets that closely resemble real-world scenarios has become essential. However, acquiring such approaching-reality datasets is challenging. This article introduces forward modeling generative adversarial network (FM-GAN), a network designed to generate B-scan images of underground pipelines across different mediums. Our adaptive spatial polarization generator, part of this network, processes dielectric constant images to create B-scan images that closely mimic real environmental data. It includes spatially adaptive normalization modules, adaptformer modules, and a double SimAM feature fusion attention module (DSFFA) for feature fusion and B-scan image generation. We train the network using paired data from underground dielectric constant models and B-scan data simulated through finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) techniques. Specifically, we apply transformer fine-tuning methods to enhance its adaptability to real-world environments. This research combines deep learning, conditional generative adversarial networks (CGANs), and the vision transformer (ViT) to model underground pipeline dielectric constants. Empirical results show that our approach performs similar to the FDTD method on both single and mixed dielectric constant data, significantly improving computational efficiency. This methodology holds promise for advancing underground structure imaging and interpretation, paving the way for innovative applications in underground surveys and GPR technology.
Winter mean lower tropospheric moisture over the Maritime Continent as a climate model diagnostic metric for the propagation of the Madden‐Julian oscillation

Despite its widespread influences on the atmosphere, the Madden‐Julian oscillation (MJO) remains poorly represented in state‐of‐the‐art general circulation models (GCMs). Motivated by recent findings that the horizontal advection of the mean low‐tropospheric moist static energy or moisture by the MJO winds plays a crucial role in the eastward propagation of the MJO, we investigate the relationship between lower tropospheric moisture patterns over the Indo‐Pacific and MJO eastward propagation in a suite of 23 GCM simulations. Model capability of reproducing the observed November–April mean lower tropospheric moisture pattern over the Indo‐Pacific, especially near the Maritime Continent (MC), is highly correlated with model skill in simulating MJO eastward propagation. In GCMs with difficulty capturing realistic MJO propagation, the amplitude of the mean low‐level moisture over the MC is greatly underestimated, leading to weak horizontal moisture gradients and thus discrepancies in moisture advection, significantly affecting MJO propagation. This study suggests that the mean lower tropospheric moisture pattern over the MC can serve as an important diagnostic metric for MJO propagation in climate models.
Sex Differences in Sarcopenia in Patients Undergoing Total Knee Arthroplasty for Advanced Knee Osteoarthritis

Background and Objectives: The purpose of this study was to compare sex differences in the incidence of sarcopenia, demographic characteristics, and preoperative sarcopenic parameters in patients undergoing TKA for advanced knee osteoarthritis (OA). Moreover, we sought to compare patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) and the predisposing factors after TKA in patients with sarcopenia by sex through subgroup analysis. Materials and Methods: From May 2020 to September 2022, a total of 892 patients who were evaluable for sarcopenia before primary TKA were enrolled. Sarcopenia was defined according to the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia 2019 criteria. Patients were assessed according to the presence or absence of sarcopenia. After a two-to-one matched-pair analysis for subgroup analysis, 21 knees in men were matched with a corresponding number of knees in women (42), resulting in a total of 63 knees. PROMs were investigated using the Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score, Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index, and the Short Form-12 physical and mental component summary scores. Moreover, the postoperative complications and predisposing factors for male sarcopenia were investigated. Results: The prevalence of sarcopenia was 10.9% (97/892), and the prevalence was higher in men (19.6%, 21/107) than in women (9.7%, 76/785). In subgroup analyses, male patients had significantly inferior PROMs up to 12 months after index surgery. Moreover, there was no significant difference in the systemic complications between the two groups. Multivariate binary logistic regression analysis indicated that alcohol consumption, smoking, and higher modified Charlson Comorbidity Index (mCCI) were predisposing factors for male patients with sarcopenia. The prevalence of sarcopenia was higher in male patients undergoing primary TKA. Conclusions: When compared with the propensity-matched female group, male patients had inferior PROMs up to 12 months postoperatively. Alcohol consumption, current smoker status, and higher mCCI were predisposing factors for sarcopenia in male patients with advanced knee OA.
Optimism vs. pessimism: Exploring the dual realities of WFH among EFL tertiary learners during the COVID-19 pandemic

This study focuses on English as Foreign Language (EFL) students at Hasanuddin University, Makassar, to explore the effects of the shift to Working from Home (WFH) learning. The COVID-19 pandemic has drastically altered the educational landscape, especially in higher education. It aims to understand the psychological impact and the range of attitudes towards this new mode of learning among EFL students. This research involved students from two cohorts (2020 and 2021). A sample of 60 participants was chosen to complete an online perception questionnaire distributed via Google Forms. The study employed content analysis within an interpretative paradigm to analyze the responses. Analysis of the data revealed a dichotomy in student perspectives, categorizing them as "optimisms" and "pessimisms" based on their attitudes towards WFH learning. The findings highlighted a variety of psychological impacts experienced by the students, encompassing both negative and positive aspects. The results indicate significant implications for EFL educators. They suggest a need for increased focus on online pedagogical methods and emphasize the importance of adaptability, flexibility, and productivity in the evolving educational environment. The study also sheds light on the diverse psychological experiences of students, underscoring the need for educational strategies that cater to these varied needs. This study provides critical insights into the perceptions and psychological impacts of WFH learning on EFL students at Hasanuddin University. It underscores the challenges and opportunities presented by the transition to online learning, offering valuable guidance for educators in similar contexts.
How Important Are Blue Flag Awards in Beach Choice?

ABSTRACT Saayman, M. and Saayman, A. , 2017. How important are Blue Flag awards in beach choice? South Africa's almost 3000-km coastline has long stretches of sandy beaches. An important yardstick for measuring their quality is the Blue Flag award, desired by beach and coastal management agencies. This paper investigates whether the Blue Flag status necessarily attracts a different beachgoer. It asks whether clear differences can be found between beachgoers at Blue Flag and non-Blue Flag beaches. Surveys of beachgoers were conducted during summer (March to April 2014) at six beaches near Cape Town and three near Mossel Bay. Four of these nine Western Cape beaches had Blue Flag status. The data from 374 completed questionnaires collected via random sampling were analysed using principal component analysis and logistic regression analysis. The results showed that seven beach-specific attributes attract beachgoers, with the most important ones being beach cleanliness and infrastructure. The results of the logistic regression showed that Blue Flag beachgoers are more likely to be locals, travelling in larger groups and who are motivated to visit the specific beach on the basis of attractiveness. They also regard visual beach cleanliness as more important. The paper has several findings, namely, it identified unique motives for travelling to a beach and it identified the attributes that mattered to beachgoers. It also highlighted the need for educational activities as well as environmental issues. Another important finding is a clear distinction between Blue Flag and non-Blue Flag beachgoers. This innovative study made a contribution in terms of literature and practise.
Current targets and treatments of schizophrenia

With the improvement of the level of social and economic development, mental illness has received more and more attention and attention. Among them, schizophrenia, as a common mental illness, seriously impairs the mental activity and social function of patients, and its lifetime prevalence rate is about 1%, bringing a heavy social burden. Schizophrenia is a disease that involves a variety of symptoms, including cognitive, behavioral, and emotional, and its symptoms vary greatly from patient to patient, even at different stages of the disease in the same patient. At present, the specific pathogenesis of schizophrenia is still unclear, and it is generally believed that it is caused by structural and functional abnormalities of the central nervous system, which is the result of the interaction of genetic and environmental factors. Schizophrenia is a mental disorder disease, It can cause a person to be out of control in a number of ways and is a common and popular mental illness in the world, and recently, with advances and pioneering in the field of medicine, more and more neuroscientists and medical doctors are beginning to development into this field. This review systematically introduces several pathways related to schizophrenia disorders, anti-psychotic medications, and the GABA and schizophrenia. This review also introduces three generations Antipsychotics and further discusses role of GABA in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia.
Entomotoxic Properties of White Kidney Bean and Soybean Lectins and their Effects against Two Digestive Enzymes of the Spiny Bollworm, Earias insulana (Boisd.)

Plant lectin, a heterogeneous group of carbohydrate-binding proteins, is a direct defensive mechanism in plants against the attacking insects. Lectins from the leguminous plants Glycine max (GML) and Phaseoulus vulgaries (PhVL) were tested for their entomotoxic and growth inhibitory effects against the spiny bollworm (SBW), Earias insulana Boisd. The impact of the examined lectins on the two digestive enzymes of SBW, α-amylase and total proteases, was also investigated. Bioassay studies conducted on second-instar larvae over five and six days showed that GML (LC 50 values of 72.22 and 33.45 µg/gm diet) was more hazardous than PhVL (LC 50 = 299.05 and 182.91 µg/gm diet). GML and PhVL at LC 25 equivalent concentrations (8.97 and 34.43 µg/gm diet) significantly (p < 0.05) reduced the larval weight to 24.9 and 27.4 mg / larva compared with 55.3 mg / larva in control after 9 days of treatment. The average time for SBW larvae to pupate increased when GML and PhVL were added at LC 10 and LC 25 in comparison to the control. In addition, the tested lectins significantly (p < 0.05) reduced pupal mean weight, pupation, adult emergence, fecundity and fertility. Tested lectins demonstrated significant inhibition of α-amylase and total protease enzyme activity in larvae of SBWs fed on diets containing concentrations comparable to LC 10 and LC 25 . These findings imply that GML and PhVL are appropriate proteins to add to the cotton plant's DNA in order to control SBW.
Sediment provenance and tectonics on the Laurentian margin: implications of detrital zircons ages from the Central Belt of the Southern Uplands–Down–Longford Terrane in Co. Monaghan, Ireland

The Ordovician–Silurian meta-sedimentary rocks of the Southern Uplands–Down–Longford terrane were deposited at the Laurentian margin and structurally emplaced in an accretionary prism during subduction of Iapetus Ocean lithosphere. Within the terrane, a Central Belt consists of repeated structural tracts in which Ordovician–Silurian mudstone and sandstone (Moffat Shale Group) are overlain by Silurian greywacke (Gala Group). A Moffat Shale Group sandstone and Gala Group greywacke sandstones from Co. Monaghan, Ireland were sampled in order to examine, for the first time, detrital zircon spectra with a view to elucidating sediment provenance and tectonic evolution of this sector of the Laurentian margin. Detrital zircon ages from Gala Group greywacke sandstones include variable abundance of Precambrian zircons with ages typical of Laurentia, but are dominated by two Ordovician peaks at c. 462 Ma and c. 474 Ma. These Ordovician ages equate to magmatism in the local Laurentian margin in Ireland. The age spectra are distinct from those of equivalent rocks of the Southern Uplands of Scotland. There is no evidence from detrital zircon ages that a Gondwana-derived terrane had accreted to the Laurentian margin before or during sedimentation. Zircons from a Moffat Shale Group sandstone include a middle Cambrian component that may be derived from Ganderia. Supplementary material: The complete U–Pb data table is available at http://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare. c.3270848
The Role of Mycoplasma bovirhinis in the Development of Singular and Concomitant Respiratory Infections in Dairy Calves from Southern Brazil

The role of Mycoplasma bovirhinis in the development of pulmonary disease in cattle is controversial and was never evaluated in cattle from Latin America. This study investigated the respiratory infection dynamics associated with M. bovirhinis in suckling calves from 15 dairy cattle herds in Southern Brazil. Nasal swabs were obtained from asymptomatic (n = 102) and calves with clinical manifestations (n = 103) of bovine respiratory disease (BRD) and used in molecular assays to identify the specific genes of viral and bacterial disease pathogens of BRD. Only M. bovirhinis, bovine coronavirus (BCoV), ovine gammaherpesvirus 2 (OvGHV2), Histophilus somni, Pasteurella multocida, and Mannheimia haemolytica were detected. M. bovirhinis was the most frequently diagnosed pathogen in diseased (57.8%; 59/102) and asymptomatic (55.3%; 57/103) calves at all farms. BCoV-related infections were diagnosed in diseased (52%; 53/102) and asymptomatic (51.4%; 53/103) calves and occurred in 93.3% (14/15) of all farms. Similarly, infectious due to OvGHV2 occurred in diseased (37.2%; 38/102) and asymptomatic (27.2%; /28/103) calves and were diagnosed in 80% (12/15) of all farms investigated. Significant statistical differences were not identified when the two groups of calves were compared at most farms, except for infections due to OvGHV2 that affected five calves at one farm. These results demonstrated that the respiratory infection dynamics of M. bovirhinis identified in Southern Brazil are similar to those observed worldwide, suggesting that there is not enough sufficient collected data to consider M. bovirhinis as a pathogen of respiratory infections in cattle. Additionally, the possible roles of BCoV and OvGHV2 in the development of BRD are discussed.
Self-assembling ferritin nanoplatform for the development of infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus vaccine

Self-assembling protein nanoparticles are used as a novel vaccine design platform to improve the stability and immunogenicity of safe subunit vaccines, while providing broader protection against viral infections. Infectious Hematopoietic Necrosis virus (IHNV) is the causative agent of the WOAH-listed IHN diseases for which there are currently no therapeutic treatments and no globally available commercial vaccine. In this study, by genetically fusing the virus glycoprotein to the H. pylori ferritin as a scaffold, we constructed a self-assembling IHNV nanovaccine (FerritVac). Despite the introduction of an exogenous fragment, the FerritVac NPs show excellent stability same as Ferritin NPs under different storage, pH, and temperature conditions, mimicking the harsh gastrointestinal condition of the virus main host (trout). MTT viability assays showed no cytotoxicity of FerritVac or Ferritin NPs in zebrafish cell culture (ZFL cells) incubated with different doses of up to 100 µg/mL for 14 hours. FerritVac NPs also upregulated expression of innate antiviral immunity, IHNV, and other fish rhabdovirus infection gene markers (mx, vig1, ifit5, and isg-15) in the macrophage cells of the host. In this study, we demonstrate the development of a soluble recombinant glycoprotein of IHNV in the E. coli system using the ferritin self-assembling nanoplatform, as a biocompatible, stable, and effective foundation to rescue and produce soluble protein and enable oral administration and antiviral induction for development of a complete IHNV vaccine. This self-assembling protein nanocages as novel vaccine approach offers significant commercial potential for non-mammalian and enveloped viruses.
Comparing remote-sensing techniques collecting bathymetric data from a gravel-bed river

ABSTRACT Quantifying bathymetry is essential in understanding the physical processes that control channel form and function. New applications in a wide range of disciplines have an urgent need for more continuous mapping of fluvial topography. Recent advances in through-water photogrammetry and optical imagery indicate that accurate, continuous bathymetric mapping may be possible in shallow, clear streams. This research directly compares the ability of through-water photogrammetry and spectral depth approaches to extract water depth for environmental applications. Imagery and cross sections were collected on a 140 m reach of the Salmon River in Clackamas County, Oregon, using an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) and real time kinematic (rtk)-GPS. Structure-from-Motion (SfM) software produced a digital elevation model (DEM) (1.5 cm) and orthophotograph (0.37 cm) derived from these data. The photogrammetric approach of applying a site-specific refractive index provided the most accurate (mean error, ME, 0.009 m) and precise (standard deviation of error, SD, 0.17 m) bathymetric data (R2 = 0.67) over the spectral depth and the 1.34 refractive index approaches. This research provides a quantitative comparison between and within bathymetric mapping methods, and suggests that a site-specific refractive index may be appropriate for similar gravel-bed, relatively shallow, clear streams.
Deep Structure of the Swiss Alps: Results of NRP 20

The objective of the National Research Program 20 (NRP 20), funded by the Chapter 7 covers three study areas in the Jura Mountains. In section 7. 1 a Swiss National Science Foundation, was to explore the deep structure of the reinterpretation of industry lines shed new light on the internal structure of Swiss Alps combining geophysical and geological methods. The data were the Folded Jura of the Neuchatel area. Here the role of thrust faults underly- collected between 1986 and 1993. Processing and interpretation of the data ing major anticlines had previously been underestimated. Some of the folds involved over 50 researchers from Swiss universities and from industry. The could be interpreted as fault-propagation folds, with a detachment in the aim of this Atlas is to draw all this work together into a coherent compilation Muschelkalk evaporites. Section 7. 2 discusses the Tabular Jura around Basel. of the geological and geophysical data, their interpretation and integration A seismic line through this Basel Jura images the Moho on the southern flank into the tectonic evolution of the Swiss Alps. This turned out to be a difficult of the Black Forest-Vosges basement uplifts and suggests the presence of task. Late Paleozoic troughs underneath the Tabular Jura.
ANALYSIS OF PREDISPOSING FACTORS RELATED TO MOTHERS WITH TODDLER’S VISIT TO INTEGRATED COMMUNITY HEALTH SERVICE

Abstract Introduction: Mothers’ behavior has an important role in the growth and development of toddlers and affects the mothers’ visit frequency to integrated community health service. It is also affected by some aspects and various factors, one of which is predisposing factors. The purpose of this research was to identify predisposing factors related to mothers with toddlers’ visit to integrated community health service in Mojoroto sub-district, Kediri city. Method: The research used survey analytic method with a cross sectional design. The sample of this study was the whole population consisted of 40 mothers who had toddlers aged 0-59 months. Data collection was using a questionnaire. Data analysis was using univariate, bivariate with chi-square and Odds Ratio. Results: The results of this research showed that the mothers’ visit to integrated community health service had correlation with employment status factor (p value 0.024; OR 4.5), and the factors which did not have any correlation with the mothers’ visit were the knowledge (p value 0,385), attitude (p value 0,622), education (p value 0,057), motivation (p value 1,000), and the age (p value 0,251). It is recommended that those mothers must always be advised and encouraged to join integrated community health service activities to keep monitoring the growth and development of their toddlers by taking them to available health service centers. Keywords: predisposing factor, mothers’ visit, integrated community health service