Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Prevalence and Effect of Cigarette Smoking in Pregnancy and Pregnancy Outcomes

Objective: The objective of this study to ascertain if smoking to10 cigarettes daily during pregnancy has an effect on the perinatal outcome and the laboratory parameters of pregnant women and their newborn. Methods: The prospective study included 128 healthy pregnant women with equivalent parameters (normal course of pregnancy without a single pathological clinical or laboratory result). They were divided into groups according to whether they smoked (84women) during pregnancy or not (44 women). The parameters which were taken into consideration were the following: course of pregnancy, method of delivery, smoker, body mass index (BMI), weight gain, length of breastfeeding, laboratory tests, which included blood (erythrocytes, leukocytes, hemoglobin), CRP, bilirubin, ferritin and iron. Results: During the month of study, 183 pregnant women were born in maternity ward. The study included a total of 128 pregnant women and their newborn. Cigarettes consumed 89/183 pregnant women (48%). There are no statistically significant differences in the analyzed parameters between the two groups of pregnant women (delivery, weight gain, BMI, birth weight, breastfeeding) and the corresponding parameters of their newborn. Conclusion: Despite all the recommendations on smoking hazards during pregnancy, the number of pregnant women who smoke is still high in the area covered by the research. Pregnant women who smoke should be cautioned that they are exposing their child to the toxic compounds of cigarette tobacco and informed of the possible detrimental effects their actions may have on their child, without the child’s consent.
Utility of pleural fluid adenosine deaminase in diagnosing tubercular pleural effusion: a prospective observational study in a tertiary care hospital

Pleural effusion is a commonly encountered clinical problem by Pulmonologists as well as physicians. The management strategy to be adopted in pleural effusion depends on whether an effusion is a transudate or an exudate. It is very important to establish accurate etiological diagnosis to treat the patient in an appropriate manner as about 15 to 20% of cases remain undiagnosed. TB is the most common cause of pleural effusion worldwide (30-60%). It is estimated that between 2 to 3 billion people are infected with Mycobacterium Tuberculosis (MTB) worldwide, of whom 5-15% will develop the tuberculosis (TB) disease during their lifetime. It is important to consider the possibility of tuberculosis in all patients with an undiagnosed pleural effusion. The stepwise diagnosis of TB pleural effusion is same as for any other exudative pleural effusion. An initial diagnostic thoracentesis is always indicated. Definitive diagnosis of Tubercular pleural effusion can be difficult to make because of low sensitivity and specificity of non-invasive diagnostic ABSTRACT
ICU Admissions From the Emergency Department on Holidays and Weekends

Emergency hospital admissions for respiratory diseases are sharply reduced by 18% on Christmas Day compared with the admissions on previous days, according to a single report based on data from the Office of National Statistics in England. Respiratory admissions and respiratory deaths increase above the trend on the next and subsequent days. We hypothesized that intensive care unit (ICU) admissions from the emergency department (ED) decrease during holidays and increase immediately after. We retrospectively reviewed the electronic medical records of ICU admissions from the ED during, before, and after major holidays at the University of Minnesota Medical Center (UMMC) and Fairview Health System. In Fairview Health System, the average number of ED ICU admissions per day was 3.6±2 (SD) and was not different between the various periods (analysis of variance, P=0.77). In UMMC, the average number of ICU admissions per day directly from the ED was 0.7±0.8 (SD) and was also not different between the various periods (analysis of variance, P=0.82). Similarly, in Fairview Health System the average number of ED ICU admissions per day during office hours (regular weekdays) was not different compared with the average number of admissions during off-hours (weekends and holidays) (t test, P=0.88). In UMMC, the number of ED ICU admissions per day did not vary between office hours (regular weekdays) and weekends-holidays (t test, P=0.99). ICU workload variation between office hours and off-hours is solely related to referrals and transfers from other facilities and other hospital units except the ED.
Restoring Endodontically Treated Teeth: From Immediate Restorations to the “Reverse” Preparation Approach

The restoration of the endodontically treated tooth comprises a challenge for the dental clinician. Given that a root canal treatment is not completed until a permanent restoration is delivered and the fact that there is an abundance of restorative choices, protocols and materials, the need for a correct approach, based on objective and clinical criteria is of utmost importance. In the present article a correlation between the remaining number of walls and the optimal restoration is attempted, resulting in a “restorative algorithm”. MEDLINE database was used as a search engine where articles from the last 30 years that relate to the topic, were searched. The conclusion to be drawn is that the preservation of healthy tooth substance along with the personalization of treatment plans are two crucial factors for a successful restoration, since there is not a universal approach that can be applied in every case.
Short Term Effect of Supervised Pulmonary Rehabilitation Program after Lung Transplantation Surgery on Quality of Life and Exercise Capacity; the First Report of Iranian Experience

Background: The role of exercise based rehabilitation following lung transplantation (LT) is gradually being recognized. This is the first investigation in pulmonary rehabilitation after LT in Iran. Materials and Methods: A prospective before-and-after trial was designed in the tertiary referral center of Masih Daneshvari hospital. Measurements before and after intervention included Body Mass Index (BMI), Health Related Quality Of Life (HRQOL) score using St. George Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ), functional exercise capacity and desaturation during six minute walking test (6MWT). Pulmonary rehabilitation sessions included a series of 1 to 1.5 hours of education and exercise training that were carried out three times in a week continued for eight weeks. Results: A total number of 16 subjects {men (n=10), female (n=6)} were studied (mean age: 36.8 ± 12.5 years). 6MWT distances before and after intervention were 324 ± 139.7 m and 418.9 ± 133.4 m respectively (p<0.001). Oxygen desaturations before and after intervention were 5.08 ± 4.31 and 4.08 ± 2.8 percent respectively (p=0.053). The SGRQ scores before and after intervention were 58.15 ± 16.45 and 34.78 ± 13.93 respectively (p<0.001). BMI before and after intervention were 19.12 ± 6.42 and 20.89 ± 6.17 respectively (P<0.001). Conclusion: Rehabilitation program including supervised exercise after successful LT could improve functional exercise capacity, HRQOL scores and BMI.
Assessment of Health Information Technology Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice among Healthcare Activists in Tehran Hospitals

Background: To encourage students and professionals to use health information technology (HIT), an awareness of their perceptions of various aspects of using this facility is essential. The current study aimed to assess HIT knowledge, attitude, and practice among health care professionals and students in teaching hospitals in Iran. Methods: This case study survey was conducted on 250 staffs of 5 teaching hospitals assigned into three subgroups of medical doctors (n = 70), medical students (n = 46), and health record staff (n = 134) in Tehran, Iran in 2016. To assess the subject’s knowledge, attitude, and practice of health information technology, a pretested self-administered questionnaire was given to participants consisted of three sections of “baseline general characteristics”, “knowledge categories”, and “attitude and practice” categories. Results: A total of 28.1% responders had a good level of knowledge towards computer science, while poor level of knowledge was revealed in 38.6%. Also, 40.4% had good attitude and practice habits, whereas 25.4% exhibited poor attitude and practice. Good knowledge was found in 15.6%, 35.0%, and 32.3% and poor knowledge was also observed in 46.9%, 25.0%, and 38.7% of doctors, students, and staff, respectively (p = 0.309). Regarding attitude and practice habits, 31.2% of doctors, 50.0% of students, and 42.0% of staff had good attitude and practice habits, while poor attitude and practice habits was revealed in 25.4%, 31.2%, and 5.0%, respectively (p = 0.168). Overall, the level of knowledge was positively associated with the score of attitude and practice (r = 0.853, p < 0.001) so higher knowledge level was related to higher score of attitude and practice. Conclusion: knowledge and practice of HIT among doctors, students and staff were low. Our university can establish a comprehensive program to improve their knowledge and information to application and practice of HIT.
An Observational Study Showing Incidence of Heart Disease in the Male Population from North India

Background: Structural Heart Disease (SHD) is a preventable cause of mortality. As age advances the morbidity rates due to SHD increases. SHD is more common in rural areas and lower socio-economic status because of poor hygiene and poor nutrition. The aim of this study was to find the incidence of heart disease in a male north Indian population. Method: A team consisting of three doctors examined all the candidates presenting over a period of one and a half years for enrollment at a particular Centre. The age group of this population was between 18 years to 22 years. All candidates underwent medical examination. Candidates having suspicion of SHD were referred to the physician/cardiologist. All those persons whose disability was within permissible limits were taken as fit and the others were taken as unfit. Results: Total 4223 candidates reported in the above period. 334 candidates who had disabilities were lost to follow-up and excluded, leaving a total of 3889 candidates. After specialist review, 1471 candidates were found unfit for various causes, out of which 283 were for cardiac murmurs. Many candidates were found to be suffering from multiples disabilities. Conclusion: Our study found an incidence rate of 72.7 per thousand which is much higher than that of other studies. The possible reasons for this could be that the persons are primarily from rural background and low socioeconomic strata which have a comparatively incidence of SHDs. Also contributing to the higher incidence may be the fact of stricter application of physical standards for enrollment in the army.
Smart Home Energy Management System

The development of ‘demand-side load management’ is the outcome of the smart grid initiative. Due to the significant amount of loads in the residential sector, home energy management has received increasing interest. In the country like India, we are lagging behind, in the power sector as the demand is much more than the supply. Moreover, there is not a single initiative, which has been taken for the deployment of smart suppliers and smart users. Here, I propose a hardware design of smart home energy management system (SHEMS). With the help of this proposed design, it is possible to have a real-time, price-responsive control strategy for domestic loads such as electrical water heater (EWH), illumination (Lights), air conditioning (Fan), dryer etc. Consumers may interact with suppliers or load serving entities (LSEs) to facilitate the load management at the supplier side. This system is designed with sensors to detect human activities and the behavior is predicted by applying a machine learning algorithm in order to help consumers reduce total payment on electricity. Finally, for the verification of the hardware system, simulation and experiment results will be checked based on an actual SHEMS prototype.
Oxygen as an Autoinhibitor of Oxidation

New reaction scheme is suggested for the initiated nonbranched-chain addition of free radicals to the multiple bond of the molecular oxygen. The scheme includes the reaction competing with chain propagation reactions through a reactive free radical. The chain evolution stage in this scheme involves a few of free radicals, one of which (tetraoxyl) is relatively low-reactive and inhibits the chain process by shortening of the kinetic chain length. Based on the proposed scheme rate equations (containing one to three parameters to be determined directly) are deduced using quasi-steady-state treatment. The kinetic description with use the obtained rate equations is applied to the γ-induced nonbranched-chain processes of the free-radical oxidation of liquid o-xylene at 373 K and hydrogen dissolved in water containing different amounts of oxygen at 296 K. In these processes the oxygen with the increase of its concentration begins to act as an oxidation autoingibitor (or an antioxidant), and the rate of peroxide formation as a function of the dissolved oxygen concentration has a maximum. The heat effects are compared for the overall reactions of dissociation of simple alkylperoxyl (exothermic) and alkoxyl (endothermic) free radicals in the gas phase. Possible nonchain pathways of the free-radical oxidation of hydrogen and the routes of ozone decay from the energetic standpoint via the reaction with the hydroxyl free radical in the upper atmosphere (including the addition yielding the hydrotetraoxyl free radical, which can be an intermediate in the sequence of conversions of biologically hazardous UV radiation energy) were examined. The energetics of the key radical-molecule reactions is considered.
Spectrum of hemoglobinopathies in the state of Madhya Pradesh , India

Alpha-thalassemia is primarily due to gene deletion directly causing reduced α globin chain synthesis. β-thalassemia is usually caused by point mutation rather than large deletion. Sign of thalassemia develops after 6 months of age because this is the time when Hb synthesis switches from Hb F to Hb A. Mediterranean people with both parents heterozygous for β-thalassemia are at risk of producing homozygous child. The true genetic character of the disorder became fully appreciated after 1940. The disease described by Cooley and Lee in the homozygous state of an autosomal gene. Sever homozygous condition became known as thalassemia major. The heterozygous state and thalassemia trait were designated according to their severity as thalassemia minor,[6] later the term thalassemia intermedia was used to describe disorder that was milder than major form but more severe than the trait. INTRODUCTION
ISSN 2348 – 0319 International Journal of Innovative and Applied Research (2015), Volume 3, Issue (2): 1- 7

1. RNR-RDC, Jakar, Bumthang, BHUTAN. 2. Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand. Abstract: The efficiency of homogenizers were assessed using USPH index and the milk fat globules distributions as an indicator. A significant difference (p<0.01) in milk fat globules size and the USPH index was observed between raw and homogenized milk. However, there was no significant difference in the USPH index recorded for different homogenization time intervals. The mean fat globules size for the raw milk was 3.37 m; and for milk homogenized at different times were 0.98 m (1h) and 0.96 m (3h). A significant difference (p<0.01) in a total surface area was also observed between the raw and homogenized milk. The mean total surface area estimated for the raw milk was 17965 cm 2 / g.Whereas, the mean total surface estimated for the homogenized milk at different homogenization times was 61483 cm 2 / g (1h) and 62767 cm 2 / g (3h), an increase in total surface area by more than three-folds in comparison to raw milk. There was significant differences (p<0.01) in the homogenization index between the homogenized and raw milk. However, significant differences was not observed between the different homogenization time intervals.The estimatedaverage least square means of USPH index was 79.37 %for the raw milk; and 5.54 % (1 h) and 5.42 % (3 h) for the homogenized milk. In this study, about 70 % of fat globules in raw milk were observed less than 3 m in diameters, and also a large fat globules of 12 m in diameter was also encountered. Whereas, in homogenized milk about 75 % of fat globules were ≤ 1 m in diameter, with maximum fat globules size of about 2.37 m in diameter was recorded. In this study, almost above 90 % of the fat globules size observed was below 2 m in diameter after homogenization of milk. Considering the USPH index, the fat globules size and fat globules distributions derived in this study as an indicator, the homogenizers used in this study were found equally efficient.
A Literature Survey on Latent Semantic Indexing

––Working of web engine is to store and retrieve web pages. One of the various methods such as crawling, indexing is used. In this paper we will be discussing about latent semantic indexing which uses indexing technique. When a user enters a query into a search engine the engine examines its index and provides a listing of best-matching web pages according to its criteria, usually with a short summary containing the document's title and sometimes parts of the text. The index is built from the information stored with the data and the method by which the information is indexed. In this study, we perform a systematic introduction and presentation of different information retrieval techniques and its comparison with latent semantic indexing (LSI). A comparison table has been made to give a better look of different models. Few limitations of LSI are discussed.
Professional Commitment and Job Satisfaction among Secondary School Teachers

The teachers engaged in teaching at the secondary level play a very important role in the entire education process. Teachers deeply committed to their profession and content with their work tend to play a more constructive role in the lives of the Bfhetudents. present study was aimed at investigating the professional commitment and job satisfaction of secondary school teachers and the relationship between them. The study was conducted on 98 secondary school teachers from Bareilly district. The Professional Commitment Scale for Teachers (PCST) developed by Ravinder Kaur, Sarbjit Kaur Ranu and Sarvjeet Kaur Brar and Job Satisfaction Questionnaire (JSQ) developed by Dr. Pramod Kumar and D. N. Mutha were employed to collect data for the present investigation. Statistical measures of mean, S.D. , t-test and Pearson's product moment correlation were employed to analyze the raw scores so obtained and draw inferences. The findings of the present investigation reveal that while gender and length of teachingcexperien influenced the professional commitment of secondary school teachers, the type of school did not have any significant effect. Also gender, type of school and length of teaching experience were found to be significant factors which influence the job reatfsfactio the secondary school teachers. The professional commitment and job satisfaction of the secondary school teachers was also found to be having a strong positive correlation.
Prevalence, Pattern and Determinants of Contraceptive Use among Women of Reproductive Age (15-49 Years) In Rural Communities in Imo State, Nigeria

Introduction: This rapid increase of population has an adverse effect on the national economy and also the increasing number of births has a deleterious effect on the health of the mother, which in turn hinders social and economic uplift of the family. Aim: To assess the prevalence, pattern and determinants of contraceptive use among women of reproductive age in rural communities of Imo State, Nigeria. Methodology: The study was a community based descriptive cross-sectional study involving 563 women of reproductive age who met the inclusion criteria and were selected using a multistage sampling technique. The data was collected with a pretested, semi-structured and interviewer administered questionnaire and was analyzed using EPI-INFO version 3.2. 1. A p–value ≤0.05 was considered significant. Results: Most of the women, (96.1%) were aware of family planning and the common methods known were; injections (53.8%), condoms, (52.2%) and Intra Uterine Contraceptive Device, (33.2%). The prevalence of ever use and current use of family planning was 42.5% and 19.4% respectively and the commonest ever and currently used method was the condom (43.9% vs 36.7%). Determinants of current contraceptive use in this study were; educational level of women and their partners, religion of women, family size and number of male children, ever use of contraceptive method, contraceptive knowledge, being able to access and pay for family planning services without partners financial support, prior discussion of family planning with partner, and partner being in support of modern family planning methods use. Conclusion: Most of the determinants of contraceptive use found in this study can modified by appropriate intervention programs.
Intrauterine devices associated biofilm with SEM analysis

A study on the isolate will help to develop sterile and biofilm adhesion prevention devices. Using structured interview, Copper-T and cervical swab specimen collection was randomly selected (Every third woman who were 20-40 years old with a mean age of 30 years visiting the hospital was included in the study), There were 105 clinical samples of used IUDs collected from patients, Antimicrobial agent at various concentrations (2μg/ml 128μg/ml depending upon the MIC) was added to these wells incubated for 5h and then stained with crystal violet. All samples were dried to critical point gold coated and viewed under SEM. Out of 105 IUDs (obtained from women suffering from vaginitis), 97 samples had shown bacterial growth. Of these 97 bacterial isolates, 23 isolates were Proteus mirabilis and 74 isolates were other opportunistic pathogens. The presence of IUDs provides a solid surface for attachment and an ideal niche for the biofilm formation. SEM analysis of biofilm topography formed on those devices revealed a dense network of mono or multilayer of cells, which were similar in different species embedded within a matrix of extra cellular polymer materials. This provided an opportunity for the microorganism to accommodate each other and also to thrive under hostile conditions of pH, oxygen availability and redox potential. Dry biomass was also reported to be highest at this stage.