Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
IPA and its precursors differently modulate the proliferation, differentiation, and integrity of intestinal epithelial cells

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Indole-3-propionic acid (IPA) is a tryptophan-derived microbial metabolite that has been associated with protective effects against inflammatory and metabolic diseases. However, there is a lack of knowledge regarding the effects of IPA under physiological conditions and at the intestinal level. MATERIALS/METHODS Human intestinal epithelial Caco-2 cells were treated for 2, 24, and/or 72 h with IPA or its precursors – indole, tryptophan, and propionate – at 1, 10, 100, 250, or 500 μM to assess cell viability, integrity, differentiation, and proliferation. RESULTS IPA induced cell proliferation and this effect was associated with a higher expression of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 2 (ERK2) and a lower expression of c-Jun. Although indole and propionate also induced cell proliferation, this involved ERK2 and c-Jun independent mechanisms. On the other hand, both tryptophan and propionate increased cell integrity and reduced the expression of claudin-1, whereas propionate decreased cell differentiation. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, these findings suggested that IPA and its precursors distinctly contribute to the proliferation, differentiation, and barrier function properties of human intestinal epithelial cells. Moreover, the pro-proliferative effect of IPA in intestinal epithelial cells was not explained by its precursors and is rather related to its whole chemical structure. Maintaining IPA at physiological levels, e.g., through IPA-producing commensal bacteria, may be important to preserve the integrity of the intestinal barrier and play an integral role in maintaining metabolic homeostasis.
Assessing disparities in medical students’ knowledge and attitude about monkeypox: a cross-sectional study of 27 countries across three continents

Background and aims The recent monkeypox (Mpox) outbreak confirmed by the World Health Organization (WHO) underscores the importance of evaluating the knowledge and attitude of medical students toward emerging diseases, given their potential roles as healthcare professionals and sources of public information during outbreaks. This study aimed to assess medical students’ knowledge and attitude about Mpox and to identify factors affecting their level of knowledge and attitude in low-income and high-income countries. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted on 11,919 medical students from 27 countries. A newly-developed validated questionnaire was used to collect data on knowledge (14 items), attitude (12 items), and baseline criteria. The relationship between a range of factors with knowledge and attitude was studied using univariate and multivariate analyses. Results 46% of the study participants were males; 10.7% were in their sixth year; 54.6% knew about smallpox; 84% received the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine; and 12.5% had training on Mpox. 55.3% had good knowledge of Mpox and 51.7% had a positive attitude towards it. Medical students in their third, fifth, or sixth year high- income countries who obtained information on Mpox from friends, research articles, social media and scientific websites were positive predictors for good knowledge. Conversely, being male or coming from high-income countries showed a negative relation with good knowledge about Mpox. Additionally, a positive attitude was directly influenced by residing in urban areas, being in the fifth year of medical education, having knowledge about smallpox and a history of receiving the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine. Receiving information about Mpox from social media or scientific websites and possessing good knowledge about Mpox were also predictors of a positive attitude. On the other hand, being male, employed, or receiving a training program about Mpox were inversely predicting positive attitude about Mpox. Conclusion There were differences in knowledge and attitude towards Mpox between medical students in low and high-income countries, emphasizing the need for incorporating epidemiology of re-emerging diseases like Mpox into the medical curriculum to improve disease prevention and control.
Grothendieck's standard conjecture of type D in positive characteristic for linear sections of determinantal varieties

Making use of topological periodic cyclic homology, we extend Grothendieck's standard conjecture of type D (with respect to crystalline cohomology theory) from smooth projective schemes to smooth proper dg categories in the sense of Kontsevich. Among other applications, we prove Grothendieck's original conjecture in the new cases of linear sections of determinantal varieties. Along the way, we establish similar results for Grothendieck's standard conjecture of type C+ (a.k.a. the sign conjecture).
Single Nucleotide Polymorphism of LDLR Gene as Atherogenesis Markers on Macaca fascicularis and Macaca nemestrina

Long-tailed macaques (Macaca fascicularis) and pig-tailed macaques (M. nemestrina) are non-human primate species that most commonly used as animal model in the study of atherosclerosis. Genetic variation in the low density lipoprotein receptor gene (LDLR) has been associated with normal variations in plasma lipid profile and the risk of coronary heart disease (CAD) in humans. In this study, the screening of nucleotide polymorphisms on LDLR genes as molecular markers of atherogenesis in M. fascicularis and M. nemestrina was performed. The LDLR gene of exon region 6 is amplified with a specific primers. The nucleotide sequences of the amplicons is determined by the sequencing technique and the results were bioinformatic analyzed. Analysis of exon 6 region LDLR gene in M. fascicularis and M. nemestrina revealed no SNP in this exon. Based on the alignment results, the entire sample has a type of haplotype I. The type of haplotype owned by the six animals is related to the hyper-repons. Both of this species are a potential species for animals model in the study of atherosclerotic disease. The use of exon 6 as a genetic marker of M. fascicularis and M. nemestrina on a fat cholesterol diet makes the animal selection of hypo- from hyper-responder are more efficient.
A hierarchy of hydrodynamic models for silicon carbide semiconductors

Abstract The electro-thermal transport in silicon carbide semiconductors can be described by an extended hydrodynamic model, obtained by taking moments from kinetic equations, and using the Maximum Entropy Principle. By performing appropriate scaling, one can obtain reduced transport models such as the Energy transport and the drift-diffusion ones, where the transport coefficients are explicitly determined.
Assessment of genetic diversity among native Algerian rabbit populations using microsatellite markers

Abstract Having higher adaptability against abiotic stress, which is characterized in rural areas in developing countries, local farm animal genetic resources (FAGRs) are increasingly precarious for random and unsystematic crossing with exotic breeds. In this study, 85 microsatellite loci were utilized to assess genetic diversity among native Algerian rabbits (NARs) sampled from an area of 753 km (from north to south) and 919 km (from east to west). Those distances covered 25 significant geographical points in seven rural areas (El Taref, Mostaganem, Sidi Bel Abbès, M'Sila, Dar Chioukh, Faidh El Botma, and Laghouat). A total of 558 alleles were observed in this study. The highest genetic diversity was registered in the southern direction among NAR populations. The mean number of alleles per locus (MNa) and the inbreeding coefficient ( FIS ) were highest in Laghouat (4.482 and 0.232), while they were lowest in El Taref (4.000 and 0.149). In the current study, the number of private alleles (Pa) ranged from 9 to 23. In addition, the average of observed heterozygosity (0.427) was lower than the expected value (0.524) due to high levels of inbreeding. The discriminant analysis of principal components (DAPC), the neighbor-joining tree (NJ), and the analysis of STRUCTURE software confirmed the classification of populations according to geographical zones into four main groups (east, west, south, and middle). The results of the current study are useful for breeding improvement and conservation plan research in relation to local animal genetic resources in Algeria.
Front-and-Rear-Wheel-Independent-Drive-Type Electric Vehicle (FRID EV) with Compatible Driving Performance and Safety

This paper focuses on a front-and-rear-wheel-independent-drive-type-electric vehicle (FRID EV) which is being developed as the next generation EV with ideal characteristics of driving performance and safety. The FRID EV development work has included studying the driving performance and safety of all types of propulsion systems. Since the FRID EV has propulsion systems which can control the driving and braking torques of the front and rear wheels independently, various outstanding and indispensable functions are produced. Three functions which EVs developed until now could not have are shown here analytically and experimentally. The first is the failsafe function under which vehicles continue running without any unexpected sudden stops, even if one of the propulsion systems fails. The second is the function for performing efficient acceleration and deceleration on all roads by suitably distributing the driving or braking torques to the front and rear wheels according to the road surface conditions. The third is the function for ensuring safe running on bad roads, i. e. , low µ-roads like frozen roads, by simultaneously controlling slip ratios of the front and rear wheels in consideration of load movement. These are functions are unique to the FRID EV and they have not be realized previously in any gasoline engine-powered car, hybrid car or conventional electric vehicle.
Improving Mortality Risk Prediction with Routine Clinical Data: A Practical Machine Learning Model Based on eICU Patients

Purpose Mortality risk prediction helps clinicians make better decisions in patient healthcare. However, existing severity scoring systems or algorithms used in intensive care units (ICUs) often rely on laborious manual collection of complex variables and lack sufficient validation in diverse clinical environments, thus limiting their practical applicability. This study aims to evaluate the performance of machine learning models that utilize routinely collected clinical data for short-term mortality risk prediction. Patients and Methods Using the eICU Collaborative Research Database, we identified a cohort of 12,393 ICU patients, who were randomly divided into a training group and a validation group at a ratio of 9:1. The models utilized routine variables obtained from regular medical workflows, including age, gender, physiological measurements, and usage of vasoactive medications within a 24-hour period prior to patient discharge. Four different machine learning algorithms, namely logistic regression, random forest, extreme gradient boosting (XGboost), and artificial neural network were employed to develop the mortality risk prediction model. We compared the discrimination and calibration performance of these models in assessing mortality risk within 1-week time window. Results Among the tested models, the XGBoost algorithm demonstrated the highest performance, with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) of 0.9702, an area under precision and recall curves (AUPRC) of 0.8517, and a favorable Brier score of 0.0259 for 24-hour mortality risk prediction. Although the model’s performance decreased when considering larger time windows, it still achieved a comparable AUROC of 0.9184 and AUPRC of 0.5519 for 3-day mortality risk prediction. Conclusion The findings demonstrate the feasibility of developing a highly accurate and well-calibrated model based on the XGBoost algorithm for short-term mortality risk prediction with easily accessible and interpretative data. These results enhance confidence in the application of the machine learning model to clinical practice.
Stellar Magnetism in Theory and Observation

The universe is populated with magnetically active stars. This magnetic activity is thought to be generated by dynamos operating in turbulent stellar convection zones, a process by which kinetic energy is converted into magnetic energy. The solar dynamo is but one dynamo type possible for stars. Rapidly rotating late-type stars are observed to have large spots, activity cycles, flip-flops, and active longitudes, all indicating a different dynamo mechanism may be responsible. Numerical simulations provide a tool for better understanding some of the mechanisms responsible for these dynamos. In this thesis, direct numerical simulations in spherical wedges are used to study dynamo mechanisms in the stellar convection zone. These spherical wedges are used to investigate the dependence of the resulting magnetic field on input parameters such as the density stratification and rotation rate. Mean-field models are used to evaluate the assumption that the wedges can be used to approximate full spheres. As rotation increases, differential rotation decreases in the models, in agreement with observations where more rapidly rotating stars have smaller estimates for differential rotation. As density stratification approaches more realistic values, a latitudinal dynamo wave with equatorward propagation is found. The impact of the domain size in the azimuthal direction on the results is explored. When the domain size is increased to 2π in the azimuthal direction, a non-axisymmetric m = 1 mode is excited. This non-axisymmetry is reminiscent of the field configurations of rapidly rotating late-type stars. The azimuthal dynamo wave rotates nearly independently of latitude and depth, and its rotation rate is slower than that of the mean rotation of the model. This azimuthal dynamo can provide a possible explanation for the observed rotational difference of spots from the mean rotation observed on stars. The wedges use the perfect conductor boundary conditions at the latitudinal boundary to compensate for the omission of polar regions due to the time step becoming prohibitively small there. Simple mean-field models with only a latitudinal
Experimental and Numerical Study of the Flow Dynamics in Treatment Approaches for Aortic Arch Aneurysms

Aortic arch aneurysm is a complex aortic pathology which affects one or more aortic arch vessels. In this chapter, we explore the hemodynamic behavior of the aortic arch in aneu‐ rysmatic and treated cases with three currently available treatment approaches: surgery graft, hybrid stent‐graft and chimney stent‐graft. The analysis included time‐dependent experimental and numerical models of aneurysmatic arch and of the surgery, hybrid and chimney endovascular techniques. Dimensions of the models are based on typical anatomy, and boundary conditions are based on typical physiological flow. Flexible and transparent experimental models were used on a mock circulation in vitro experimen‐ tal system to allow both visualization and time‐dependent flow and pressure measure ‐ ments. The simulations used computational fluid dynamics (CFD) methods to delineate the time‐dependent flow dynamics in the four geometric models. Results of velocity vec ‐ tors, flow patterns, pressure and wall shear stress distributions are presented. Both the numerical and experimental results agree on the poor hemodynamics of the aortic arch aneurysm and present the hemodynamic advantages of the surgery technique, implying the possible advantage of fenestrated stent‐graft for the aortic arch. Out of the two mini‐ mally invasive procedures, the hybrid procedure clearly exhibits better hemodynamic performances. The chimney graft technique is based on off‐the‐shelf devices; thus, it is low in cost and requires less pre‐operation preparations. However, it is associated with higher risks for complications, such as endoleaks and stroke. This chapter may give some insight into the hemodynamic characteristics of the different procedures.
Health Analysis and Degree of Health of Mobile Fish Sellers

This study aims to describe the condition of physical health according to their own views as an effect of their daily activities walking to sell fish from aisle to aisle and from house to house. The theory for reading the research data is Stack's 1974 thinking about organizing to address the problems faced by women with qualitative research methods. The results of the study show that the cultural duties of Muna women, namely managing the household and educating children at home, have changed as a result of urbanization in Kendari City. The cultural duties of managing the household and educating children are still being carried out. The organization is that when they leave the house to sell fish, the task of taking care of the children is entrusted to the people at home or to the family closest to the house. They did not experience serious illness, let alone hinder the activity of selling fish around in Kendari City. In general, children's education can be funded up to a bachelor's degree. The only ailments experienced were aches and headaches which were treated with traditional medicine and adequate intake. Unintentionally, the job of selling fish around the junjung in Kendari City has a positive effect on their health, both those who are classified as elderly and not elderly.
PSO-Based EKF Estimator Design for PMBLDC Motor

The estimation of motor state variables is an important criterion in the drive performance, especially for high accuracy required, for that reason it‟s-necessary to estimate rotor-position-continuously not for sixty-electrical-degrees as in most existing methods. In this work the speed and position for the rotor of Permanent Magnet Brushless DC Motor (PMBLDCM) was estimated by using extended Kalman filter (EKF), this work is divided into two parts, the first one deals with design and simulation of PMBLDCM with EKF as an estimator, the results are introduced by manually selected EKF parameters (Q & R) matrices, The second one deals with investigation the performance of the use of PSO technique to optimize the performance and operation of EKF, the main use of PSO here is to optimize value for EKF parameters (Q and R), the results proved that by tuning the EKF parameters by PSO the estimated values for speed and position is very-close-to the actual value-(estimation-accuracy is increased). The resultant error clearly decreases when tuned by EKF parameters for example at full load case the speed RMS error is 0.24 for 10μs sampling time, although the RMS error is 9 for 10μs sampling time trial and error selected EKF parameters.
SOCIAL CAPITALS AMONG KELANTAN PERANAKAN CHINESE MUSLIMS IN MALAYSIA

Background and Purpose: Typically, Chinese Muslims have relationship conflict with their non-Muslim family (bonding social capital) and Malay community (bridging social capitals) after converting to Islam. The conflict will affect their social capital. The main aim of this study was to identify the bonding and bridging social capitals among Kelantan Peranakan Chinese Muslim community in Kelantan, Malaysia in the aspects of trust, reciprocity, and cohesion. Methodology: This descriptive study was conducted utilising the sequential explanatory mixed method approaches, involving Chinese Muslims in the Kelantan state. A total of 75 respondents participated in the quantitative study, and five of them involved in the qualitative study. The methods used for sampling were the purposive sampling and snowball sampling. The quantitative data were collected through a survey questionnaire, while the qualitative data were gathered through semi-structured interviews. Findings: The findings revealed that the reciprocal and cohesive elements mostly occurred with bridging social capital only. As for the trust aspect, the respondents indicated that they believe in bonding and bridging social capitals only on occasional basis. It was also found that the relationship conflict existed among Chinese Muslim after conversion with their family members who are not converted to Islam and also with the Malay community. Contributions: This study contributes significantly to the body of knowledge due to lack of recent publications that explain the relationship in the social capital aspect, which is a very essential aspect to change the community, as a means of achieving the community development. Keywords: Social capital, bonding social capital, bridging social capital, religious conversion, Chinese Muslim. Cite as: Adi Syahid, M. A. (2023). Social capitals among Kelantan Peranakan Chinese Muslims in Malaysia. Journal of Nusantara Studies, 8(1), 357-383. http://dx.doi. org/10.24200/jonus.vol8iss1pp357-383
ESKAPEE pathogens newly released from biofilm residence by a targeted monoclonal are sensitized to killing by traditional antibiotics

Introduction The “silent” antimicrobial resistance (AMR) pandemic is responsible for nearly five million deaths annually, with a group of seven biofilm-forming pathogens, known as the ESKAPEE pathogens, responsible for 70% of these fatalities. Biofilm-resident bacteria, as they exist within the disease site, are canonically highly resistant to antibiotics. One strategy to counter AMR and improve disease resolution involves developing methods to disrupt biofilms. These methods aim to release bacteria from the protective biofilm matrix to facilitate their killing by antibiotics or immune effectors. Several laboratories working on such strategies have demonstrated that bacteria newly released from a biofilm display a transient phenotype of significantly increased susceptibility to antibiotics. Similarly, we developed an antibody-based approach for biofilm disruption directed against the two-membered DNABII family of bacterial DNA-binding proteins, which serve as linchpins to stabilize the biofilm matrix. The incubation of biofilms with α-DNABII antibodies rapidly collapses them to induce a population of newly released bacteria (NRel). Methods In this study, we used a humanized monoclonal antibody (HuTipMab) directed against protective epitopes of a DNABII protein to determine if we could disrupt biofilms formed by the high-priority ESKAPEE pathogens as visualized by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) and COMSTAT2 analysis. Then, we demonstrated the potentiated killing of the induced NRel by seven diverse classes of traditional antibiotics by comparative plate count. Results To this end, ESKAPEE biofilms were disrupted by 50%−79% using a single tested dose and treatment period with HuTipMab. The NRel of each biofilm were significantly more sensitive to killing than their planktonically grown counterparts (heretofore, considered to be the most sensitive to antibiotic-mediated killing), even when tested at a fraction of the MIC (1/250–1/2 MIC). Moreover, the bacteria that remained within the biofilms of two representative ESKAPEE pathogens after HuTipMab disruption were also significantly more susceptible to killing by antibiotics. Discussion New data presented in this study support our continued development of a combinatorial therapy wherein HuTipMab is delivered to a patient with recalcitrant disease due to an ESKAPEE pathogen to disrupt a pathogenic biofilm, along with a co-delivered dose of an antibiotic whose ability to rapidly kill the induced NRel has been demonstrated. This novel regimen could provide a more successful clinical outcome to those with chronic, recurrent, or recalcitrant diseases, while limiting further contribution to AMR.