Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
PENGEMBANGAN INSTRUMEN ASESMEN KINERJA PADA PRAKTIKUM SISTEM DAN LINGKUNGAN

The research and development about performance assessment on experiment of determining the system type has been done. The performance assessment instrument which has been developed having the characteristics of among others a simple product, efficient, and easy to be used. Based on validation, validator gave an assess to construction, readability, and product suitability aspects in very high criteria with the percentage of them were 93.33%, 86.67%, and 100%, respectively. In other hands, teachers also gave and assess to them aspects in high criteria persentage of them were 73.34%, 80%,, dan 80%, respectively. Base on the result, performance assessment instrument which has been developed was said simple, efficient, and easy to be used. Penelitian dan pengembangan ini telah mengem­bang­kan instrumen asesmen kinerja menentukan jenis-jenis sistem. Instrumen penilai­an kinerja yang telah dikembangkan memiliki karakteristik antara lain produk yang sederhana, efisien, dan mudah untuk digunakan. Hasil validasi ahli terhadap aspek konstruksi, keterbacaan, dan keterpakaian produk berturut-turut yaitu 93,33%, 86,67%, dan 100% dengan kriteria sangat tinggi. Tanggapan guru ter­hadap aspek konstruksi, keterbacaan dan keterpakaian produk berturut-turut yaitu 73,3%, 80%, 80%. Instrumen asesmen kinerja yang telah dikembangkan dikatakan sederhana, efisien, dan mudah untuk digunakan. Kata k unci : instrumen asesmen kinerja, penelitian dan pengembangan, sistem dan lingkungan, termokimia
Effects of Pollution on Marine Organisms

This review covers selected 2011 articles on the biological, chemical and physical effects of natural and anthropogenic pollutants on marine and estuarine plants and animals. The review, based largely on journal articles, covers field and laboratory measurement activities (concentrations of contaminants, field surveys, toxicity testing and biomarkers). Reviewed papers focus further on pollution issues of current interest including endocrine disrupters, wastewater discharges, dredging and disposal, etc. Special emphasis is placed on oil spills and marine debris due in part to the catastrophic Deepwater Horizon blowout in the Gulf of Mexico and ongoing cleanup and the 2011 Japanese tsunami. Several topical areas reviewed in the past were dropped this year due to circumstances beyond our control. Further, the focus is on effects, not pollutant fate and transport. There is considerable overlap across subject areas (e.g. some bioaccumulation papers may be cited in other topical categories). As always, readers should only use this as a guide and must consult the original papers before citing them, including double‐checking units.
Emerging Pollutants

This literature review focuses on selected reports of water quality research and management pertaining to emerging pollutants, either chemical or biological, for which discussion of occurrence surveys, fate investigations, treatment methodologies, biological effects, and/or toxicity/risk assessment appeared in the peer-reviewed literature during 2006. Analytical methods for emerging chemicals are discussed in a separate review in this issue.
Role of Gas Vesicles and Intra‐Colony Spaces During the Process of Algal Bloom Formation

Aggregation morphology, vertical distribution, and algal density were analyzed during the algal cell floating process in three environments. The role of gas vesicles and intra‐colony spaces was distinguished by algal blooms treated with ultrasonic waves and high pressure. Results demonstrated that the two buoyancy providers jointly provide buoyancy for floating algal cells. The results were also confirmed by force analysis. In the simulation experiment, the buoyancy acting on algal cells was greater than its gravity at sample ports 2 and 3 of a columnar‐cultivated cell vessel, and intra‐colony spaces were not detected. In Taihu Lake, gas vesicle buoyancy was notably less than total algal cell gravity. Buoyancy provided by intra‐colony spaces exceeded total algal cell gravity at the water surface, but not at other water depths. In the Daning River, total buoyancies provided by the two buoyancy providers were less than total algal cell gravity at different water depths.
DAYLIGHT IN OFFICE BUILDINGS: IMPACT OF BUILDING DESIGN ON PERSONAL LIGHT EXPOSURES, SLEEP AND MOOD*

Lighting design for office buildings has focused largely on the amount of light for visibility, strategies to reduce visual discomfort, and the use of daylight as a means to reduce energy in buildings. Little attention has been given to understanding how light affects occupants’ psychological and physiological systems, including circadian functions that regulate sleep, mood, and alertness. The specific goals of the present study were to: (1) perform photometric measurements at workstations in winter and late spring, and (2) analyze the impacts of personal light exposure on circadian entrainment using a wearable light and activity measurement device. Reported here are the results of the measurements performed during two seasons in a building located in the Northwest region of the United States.
International Standardization and Adaptation of Products - Combining the Fit Approach and the Profit Logic

Thomas Kotulla was Research Assistant and Doctoral Student and is now Research Fellow at the Chair of International Management and Strategic Management at ESCP Europe, Berlin Campus, Heubnerweg 8–10, 14059 Berlin, Germany, Phone: +49-30-32007-137, Fax: +49-30-32007-107, E-Mail: tkotulla@escpeurope.eu. This manuscript is based on the dissertation of Thomas Kotulla. Stefan Schmid* is Professor of International Management and Strategic Management at ESCP Europe, Berlin Campus, Heubnerweg 8–10, 14059 Berlin, Germany, Phone: +49-3032007-136, Fax: +49-3032007-107, E-Mail: sschmid@ escpeurope.eu. * Corresponding author International Standardization and Adaptation of Products – Combining the Fit Approach and the Profit Logic
Round #1

We have received the feedback of three reviewers for your preprint study. You will see that the three referees are positive about the paper but they also bring up very interesting and useful comments as well as suggestions that I am sure will improve the study. Overall, I agree with the reviewers that the study has many merits and that the findings are interesting. I also think the approach proposed here is original and may be useful for further studies in taxonomy and systematics of difficult groups, especially for invertebrate clades. That being said, the study should be more rooted in the concept of integrative taxonomy (e.g. Dayrat 2005 – Biol. J. Linn. Soc.). In addition, the study suffers from some methodological and conceptual issues. I think the main issues concern the phylogeny and dating analyses, but because these results are the cornerstone for the interpretation of species delimitation, the corresponding results may be inconclusive as it stands. The referees also felt that the manuscript suffers from a lack of clarity in several parts of the text, especially in the Methods and the interpretations (Results and Discussion).
Difference Equations for the Higher Order Moments and Cumulants of the INAR(p) Model

Abstract. Here we obtain difference equations for the higher order moments and cumulants of a time series {Xt} satisfying an INAR(p) model. These equations are similar to the difference equations for the higher order moments and cumulants of the bilinear time series model. We obtain the spectral and bispectral density functions for the INAR(p) process in state–space form, thus characterizing it in the frequency domain. We consider a frequency domain method – the Whittle criterion – to estimate the parameters of the INAR(p) model and illustrate it with the series of the number of epilepsy seizures of a patient.
Late Cenozoic stress distribution along the Misis Range in the Anatolian, Arabian, and African plate intersection region, SE Turkey

This study defines the Mio‐Pliocene to present‐day stress regime acting at the northeastern Mediterranean along the SE border of the Neogene Adana basin along the Misis Range. The inversion of earthquake focal mechanisms shows that the present‐day state of stress is dominantly a transtension, combined the strike‐slip and extension with a consistent ENE (N83°E) trending σHmin (σ3) axis. The inversion slip vectors measured on fault planes and chronologies between striations indicate a consistent strike‐slip stress regime that varied from transpressional initially to transtensional during Pleistocene time, with the latter continuing into recent times as indicated by earthquake focal mechanism inversions. Both states have consistent NNW (N15°W) trending, compatible with NNW Arabian drift direction, and ENE (N75°E) trending σHmax (σ1) and σHmin (σ3) axes, respectively, but have significantly different mean arithmetic stress ratio (Rm) values: Rm = 0.75 indicating transpression for the old regional stress regime and Rm of 0.20 denoting transtensional for the younger regional stress regime. The crosscutting of striations confirms also the change within the strike‐slip stress regime. Both stress regimes induce sinistral displacement along the major strike‐slip fault systems, i.e., East Anatolian Fault, Karatas‐Osmaniye Fault. The temporal stress regime change probably occurred during Quaternary time and resulted from coeval influence of the superimposed forces owing to subduction processes in the southwest along the Cyprus arc, continental collision in the east, and westward escape of the Anatolian Block in the north and west.
Effect of temperature- and frequency-dependent dynamic properties of rail pads on high-speed vehicle–track coupled vibrations

ABSTRACT The soft under baseplate pad of WJ-8 rail fastener frequently used in China’s high-speed railways was taken as the study subject, and a laboratory test was performed to measure its temperature and frequency-dependent dynamic performance at 0.3 Hz and at −60°C to 20°C with intervals of 2.5°C. Its higher frequency-dependent results at different temperatures were then further predicted based on the time–temperature superposition (TTS) and Williams–Landel–Ferry (WLF) formula. The fractional derivative Kelvin–Voigt (FDKV) model was used to represent the temperature- and frequency-dependent dynamic properties of the tested rail pad. By means of the FDKV model for rail pads and vehicle–track coupled dynamic theory, high-speed vehicle–track coupled vibrations due to temperature- and frequency-dependent dynamic properties of rail pads was investigated. Finally, further combining with the measured frequency-dependent dynamic performance of vehicle’s rubber primary suspension, the high-speed vehicle–track coupled vibration responses were discussed. It is found that the storage stiffness and loss factor of the tested rail pad are sensitive to low temperatures or high frequencies. The proposed FDKV model for the frequency-dependent storage stiffness and loss factors of the tested rail pad can basically meet the fitting precision, especially at ordinary temperatures. The numerical simulation results indicate that the vertical vibration levels of high-speed vehicle–track coupled systems calculated with the FDKV model for rail pads in time domain are higher than those calculated with the ordinary Kelvin–Voigt (KV) model for rail pads. Additionally, the temperature- and frequency-dependent dynamic properties of the tested rail pads would alter the vertical vibration acceleration levels (VALs) of the car body and bogie in 1/3 octave frequencies above 31.5 Hz, especially enlarge the vertical VALs of the wheel set and rail in 1/3 octave frequencies of 31.5–100 Hz and above 315 Hz, which are the dominant frequencies of ground vibration acceleration and rolling noise (or bridge noise) caused by high-speed railways respectively. Since the fractional derivative value of the adopted rubber primary suspension, unlike the tested rail pad, is very close to 1, its frequency-dependent dynamic performance has little effect on high-speed vehicle–track coupled vibration responses.
Impact of anthropogenic disturbances on carbon cycle changes in terrestrial‐aquatic‐estuarine continuum by using an advanced process‐based model

Recent research has shown that inland water—including rivers, lakes, and groundwater—may play some role in carbon cycling, although the extent of its contribution has remained uncertain due to the limited amount of reliable data available. To evaluate global changes in the carbon cycle due to anthropogenic factors, such as application of fertilizer and manure, in major rivers including 130 tidal estuaries over an 18‐year period (1998–2015), the present study used an advanced process‐based model derived by coupling a process‐based national integrated catchment‐based eco‐hydrology (NICE) model with various biogeochemical cycle models (NICE‐BGC). Generally, total nitrogen and phosphorus transports in overland flow were found to increase. In contrast, total suspended sediment in overland flow decreased in some regions because the vegetation was able to expand to cover the ground, resulting in less erosion. NICE‐BGC simulated the difference in carbon budget in major rivers with and without nutrient application. Generally, CO2 degassing across the water‐air interface decreased and particulate organic carbon (POC) increased in most rivers through variations in carbon budget, where excess nutrients might stimulate gross primary production of carbon‐rich algal biomass. The simulated result also showed that the estuarine carbon cycle was sensitive to intense anthropogenic disturbances reflected by nutrient load, seawater temperature, increases in sea level, and ocean acidification. Extension of previous studies only by categorizing MARgins and CATchments Segmentation (MARCATS) segment numbers showed that the estimated total CO2 flux from the world's estuaries was 0.14 Pg C/year. Generally, the simulation showed that incorporation of the nutrient cycle into the terrestrial‐aquatic‐estuarine continuum improved estimates of net land flux and carbon budget in inland waters, thus emphasizing that the effect of estuarine inland water should be explicitly included in the global carbon model to minimize the range of uncertainty.
Letter to the Editor

We agree with the authors of a recent article(1) that there are a number of areas for improvement in quantifying health benefits in the context of environmental health initiatives such as the Canada Wide Standards (CWS) for particulate matter and ozone. We also commend their attempt to develop an alternative approach. However, as contributors to the original CWS cost-benefit analysis (DMS, PD, RTB, BJ) and members of the Royal Society Panel (AJK, WLA) referred to in this article, we believe it is important to point out a number of inaccuracies in their characterization of this process. There are a number of instances in their article where the authors appear to rely upon the Royal Society Panel review as a secondary source, which they have misinterpreted in developing a rationale for their own work. We refrain from commenting on the approach the authors develop (the Life Quality Index) as we feel that such a critique will emerge from the ongoing academic debate on this issue and from the adoption or nonadoption of the method by economists and policy makers. This note focuses on misinterpretations of the Panel’s report.
Temporal patterns of inflammation-related proteins measured in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage using multiplex Proximity Extension Assay technology

Background The complexity of the inflammatory response post subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) may require temporal analysis of multiple protein biomarkers simultaneously to be more accurately described. Methods Ventricular cerebrospinal fluid was collected at days 1, 4 and 10 after SAH in 29 patients. Levels of 92 inflammation-related proteins were simultaneously measured using Target 96 Inflammation ® assay (Olink Proteomics, Uppsala, Sweden) based on Proximity Extension Assay (PEA) technology. Twenty-eight proteins were excluded from further analysis due to lack of >50% of measurable values. Temporal patterns of the remaining 64 proteins were analyzed. Repeated measures ANOVA and its nonparametric equivalent Friedman’s ANOVA were used for comparisons of means between time points. Results Four different patterns (Groups A-D) were visually observed with an early peak and gradually decreasing trend (11 proteins), a middle peak (10 proteins), a late peak after a gradually increasing trend (30 proteins) and no specific pattern (13 proteins). Statistically significant early peaks defined as Day 1 > Day 4 values were noticed in 4 proteins; no significant decreasing trends defined as Day 1 > Day 4 > Day 10 values were observed. Two proteins showed significant middle peaks (i.e. Day 1 < Day 4 > Day 10 values). Statistically significant late peaks (i.e. Day 4 < Day 10 values) and increasing trends (i.e. Day 1 < Day 4 < Day 10 values) were observed in 14 and 10 proteins, respectively. Four of Group D proteins showed biphasic peaks and the rest showed stable levels during the observation period. Conclusion The comprehensive data set provided in this explorative study may act as an illustration of an inflammatory profile of the acute phase of SAH showing groups of potential protein biomarkers with similar temporal patterns of activation, thus facilitating further research on their role in the pathophysiology of the disease.
Field evaluation of the enhanced MM3-COPRO ELISA test for the diagnosis of Fasciola hepatica infection in sheep

Fasciolosis is a severe zoonosis responsible for major economic losses in livestock. The enhanced MM3-COPRO test (eMM3-COPRO) and the commercial version BIO K 201 (Bio-X Diagnostics, Rochefort, Belgium) are widely used as immunodiagnostic tools for the specific detection of coproantigens released by Fasciola during the late prepatent and patent stages of infection. However, performance of the eMM3-COPRO has never been evaluated under field conditions. To address this gap, a large number of ovine faecal samples, collected in a region where fasciolosis is endemic (Galicia, NW Spain), were analyzed. Two groups of sheep flocks were selected according to the Fasciola infection status: ‘Fasciola-free’ and ‘Fasciola-infected’ flocks. ‘Fasciola-free’ flocks were seronegative flocks with no history of fasciolosis detected by either coproscopy or necropsy in the last 5 years. Faecal samples from these sheep were used to calculate a cut-off value for infection (OD = 0.021). The cut-off was calculated using a bootstrap resampling method that enables estimation of the sampling distribution of the statistical parameters without making assumptions about the underlying data distribution. ‘Fasciola-infected’ flocks were characterized by high seroprevalence, a history of fasciolosis and periodical treatment with flukicides. Samples from these flocks were used to estimate the diagnostic accuracy of the eMM3-COPRO relative to coproscopy, which although limited by poor sensitivity is the only reference test available for diagnosing fasciolosis in vivo. To overcome this limitation, all animals classified positive by eMM3-COPRO were treated with triclabendazole and then retested. The eMM3-COPRO displayed higher sensitivity than coproscopy, as it detected coproantigens in all samples with positive coproscopy and in 12% of samples with negative coproscopy. The test also proved highly specific as coproantigens disappeared after the treatment. The eMM3-COPRO was less time consuming than coproscopy, particularly when the procedure involved numerous samples, and showed promise as a tool for monitoring flukicide efficacy.
Carryover effects of feeding bulls with an omega-3-enriched-diet—From spermatozoa to developed embryos

The impact of omega-3 nutritional manipulation on semen cryosurvival and quality post thawing is controversial. Our aim was to examine how feeding bulls with omega-3 supplementation from different sources affects the spermatozoa quality parameters. Fifteen Israeli Holstein bulls were fed for 13 weeks with a standard ration top-dressed with encapsulated-fat supplementation: fish or flaxseed oil or saturated fatty acids (control). Ejaculates were collected before, during, and after the feeding trial. Frozen–thawed samples were evaluated by a flow cytometer for spermatozoa viability, mitochondrial membrane potential, the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS), acrosome membrane integrity, DNA fragmentation, phosphatidylserine translocation, and membrane fluidity. Both fish and flaxseed oil treatment resulted in lower ROS levels vs. control groups, during and after the feeding trial. Fewer spermatozoa with damaged acrosomes were observed in the fish oil group after the feeding trial. The spermatozoa membrane fluidity was altered in both the fish and flaxseed oil groups throughout the feeding trial, but only in the flaxseed oil group after the feeding trial. The proportion of spermatozoa with fragmented DNA was lower in the flaxseed oil group after the feeding trial. The spermatozoa fertilization competence did not differ between groups however, blastocyst formation rate was higher in the fish and flaxseed oil groups relative to the control. This was associated with differential gene expression in the blastocysts. Overall, the omega-3-enriched food improved the spermatozoa characteristics; this was further expressed in the developing blastocysts, suggesting a carryover effect from the spermatozoa to the embryos.
Root exudation in a sloping Moso bamboo forest in relation to fine root biomass and traits

Exudation by fine roots generally varies with their morphological traits, but the effect of belowground resource availability on the root exudation via root morphological traits and biomass remains unknown. We aimed to determine the effects of morphological and physiological traits on root exudation rates and to estimate stand-scale exudation (Estand) by measuring the mass, length, and surface area of fine roots in a Moso bamboo forest. We measured root exudation as well as morphological and physiological traits in upper and lower plots on a slope with different belowground resource availability. The mean (± S.D.) root exudation rates per mass in the upper and lower slope were 0.049 ± 0.047 and 0.040 ± 0.059 mg C g-1 h-1, respectively, which were in the range of exudation found in woody forest ecosystems. We observed significant relationships between root exudation per mass and root respiration, as well as specific root length and surface area. In contrast, exudation per length and area did not correlate with morphological traits. The morphological traits did not differ between slope positions, resulting in no significant difference in root exudation per mass. Fine root biomass, length, and surface area on a unit ground basis were much higher in the lower than those in the upper slope positions. Estand was higher when estimated by mass than by length and area because the morphological effect on exudation was ignored when scaled using mass. Estand was 1.4–2.0-fold higher in the lower than that in upper slope positions, suggesting that the scaling parameters of mass, length, and area determined the Estand estimate more than the exudation rate per mass, length, and area. Regardless of scaling, Estand was much higher in the Moso bamboo forest than in other forest ecosystems because of a large fine-root biomass.