Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Individualized exercise prescription and cardiac rehabilitation following a spontaneous coronary artery dissection or aortic dissection

Abstract Aims Prescribed aerobic-based exercise training is a low-risk fundamental component of cardiac rehabilitation (CR). Secondary prevention therapeutic strategies following a spontaneous coronary artery dissection (SCAD) or aortic dissection (AD) should include CR. Current exercise guidance for post-dissection patients recommends fundamental training components including target heart rate zones are not warranted. Omitting fundamental elements from exercise prescriptions risks safety and makes it challenging for both clinicians and patients to understand and implement recommendations in real-world practice. We review the principles of exercise prescription for CR, focusing on translating guidelines and evidence from well-studied high-risk CR populations to support the recommendation that exercise testing and individualized exercise prescription are important for patients following a dissection. Methods and results When patients self-perceive exercise intensity there is a tendency to underestimate intensities within metabolic domains that should be strictly avoided during routine exercise training following a dissection. However, exercise testing associated with CR enrolment has gained support and has not been linked to adverse events in optimally medicated post-dissection patients. Graded heart rate and blood pressure responses recorded throughout exercise testing provide key information for developing an exercise prescription. An exercise prescription that is reflective of medical history, medications, and cardiorespiratory fitness optimizes patient safety and yields improvements in blood pressure control and cardiorespiratory fitness, among other benefits. Conclusion This clinical practice and education article demonstrates how to develop and manage a CR exercise prescription for post-acute dissection patients that can be safe and effective for maintaining blood pressure control and improving cardiorespiratory fitness pre–post CR.
Intrinsic isoperimetry of the giant component of supercritical bond percolation in dimension two

We study the isoperimetric subgraphs of the giant component $\textbf{C}_n$ of supercritical bond percolation on the square lattice. These are subgraphs of $\textbf{C}_n$ having minimal edge boundary to volume ratio. In contrast to the work of Biskup, Louidor, Procaccia and Rosenthal, the edge boundary is taken only within $\textbf{C}_n$ instead of the full infinite cluster. The isoperimetric subgraphs are shown to converge almost surely, after rescaling, to the collection of optimizers of a continuum isoperimetric problem emerging naturally from the model. We also show that the Cheeger constant of $\textbf{C}_n$ scales to a deterministic constant, which is itself an isoperimetric ratio, settling a conjecture of Benjamini in dimension two.
Derived autoequivalences from periodic algebras

We present a construction of autoequivalences of derived categories of symmetric algebras based on projective modules with periodic endomorphism algebras. This construction generalizes autoequivalences previously constructed by Rouquier–Zimmermann and is related to the autoequivalences of Seidel–Thomas and Huybrechts–Thomas. We show that compositions and inverses of these equivalences are controlled by the resolutions of our endomorphism algebra and that each autoequivalence can be obtained by certain compositions of derived equivalences between algebras which are in general not Morita equivalent.
GLOBAL CONTROL OF STRUCTURAL VIBRATION USING MULTIPLE-TUNED TUNABLE VIBRATION NEUTRALIZERS

Tunable vibration absorbers are used to control vibration due to time-varying harmonic disturbances. Either vibration which is local to the neutralizer, or global vibration of the host structure can be chosen as the quantity to be suppressed. In this paper, the latter is the subject of investigation, but using multiple neutralizers rather than a single device. It is shown that by positioning these devices carefully, the global vibration of a structure (as characterized by its kinetic energy) can be effectively reduced at each single frequency in the frequency range of interest, and is comparable to the performance of active control. A methodology on how to correctly position the devices, an on how to determine their optimum mass is suggested.
Terrestrial origin of SNC meteorites and 30 Myr extinctions' shower source

Strong strengthening of material under high confining pressure and jet nature of outflow from impact craters permit to show meteoroid impacts of >=10E6 Mt TNT equivalent are capable of ejecting rocks up to ~1 km in size from the Earth into space. That permits one to propose the terrestrial origin of some NEA's and SNC meteorites. It is shown the isotopic anomalies of nitrogen, argon and xenon can be related with terrestrial mantle samples. The same applies to the oxygen isotope shifts if one recalls the known manifestations of the kinetic effects of isotopic fractionation.
Analysis of the Adsorption-Release Isotherms of Pentaethylenehexamine-Modified Sorbents for Rare Earth Elements (Y, Nd, La)

Waste from electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) is constantly increasing in quantity and becoming more and more heterogeneous as technology is rapidly advancing. The negative impacts it has on human and environment safety, and its richness in valuable rare earth elements (REEs), are accelerating the necessity of innovative methods for recycling and recovery processes. The aim of this work is to comprehend the adsorption and release mechanisms of two different solid sorbents, activated carbon (AC) and its pentaethylenehexamine (PEHA)-modified derivative (MAC), which were deemed adequate for the treatment of REEs deriving from WEEE. Experimental data from adsorption and release tests, performed on synthetic mono-ionic solutions of yttrium, neodymium, and lanthanum, were modelled via linear regression to understand the better prediction between the Langmuir and the Freundlich isotherms for each REE-sorbent couple. The parameters extrapolated from the mathematical modelling were useful to gain an a priori knowledge of the REEs–sorbents interactions. Intraparticle diffusion was the main adsorption mechanism for AC. PEHA contributed to adsorption by means of coordination on amino groups. Release was based on protons fostering both a cation exchange mechanism and protonation. The investigated materials confirmed their potential suitability to be employed in real processes on WEEE at the industrial level.
Revisionist integral deferred correction with adaptive step-size control

Adaptive stepsize control is a critical feature for the robust and efficient numerical solution of initial-value problems in ordinary differential equations. In this paper, we show that adaptive stepsize control can be incorporated within a family of parallel time integrators known as Revisionist Integral Deferred Correction (RIDC) methods. The RIDC framework allows for various strategies to implement stepsize control, and we report results from exploring a few of them.
Ergodic Properties of Randomly Coloured Point Sets

Abstract We provide a framework for studying randomly coloured point sets in a locally compact second-countable space on which a metrizable unimodular group acts continuously and properly. We first construct and describe an appropriate dynamical system for uniformly discrete uncoloured point sets. For point sets of finite local complexity, we characterize ergodicity geometrically in terms of pattern frequencies. The general framework allows us to incorporate a random colouring of the point sets. We derive an ergodic theorem for randomly coloured point sets with finite-range dependencies. Special attention is paid to the exclusion of exceptional instances for uniquely ergodic systems. The setup allows for a straightforward application to randomly coloured graphs
A tridiagonal linear map with respect to eigenbases of equitable basis of sl2

Let denote an algebraically closed field, and let x, y, z be the equitable generators of over . Let V denote a finite-dimensional irreducible -module, let be a linear map. We show that if any two of the matrices representing with respect to a standard x-, y- and z-eigenbasis are tridiagonal, then acts as a linear combination of 1, x, y, z, xy, zx, yz and yzx.
COVID-19 vs. Influenza: A Chest X-ray Comparison

Introduction COVID-19 and influenza are primarily respiratory diseases, have similar symptoms with most patients developing mild to moderate illness, and show similar features on chest X-rays. We hypothesize that patients seeking treatments at the emergency department (ED) due to COVID-19 or influenza infection will have similar severity levels of features on chest X-rays, with most of them demonstrating normal to mildly abnormal chest X-ray findings. Methods Chest X-ray images of 312 COVID-19 patients and 312 influenza patients were obtained from the teaching files of a general diagnostic radiologist. Images from each of these two groups were reviewed and classified. Based on the severity levels of lung abnormalities, each image was categorized into one of four categories: normal, mildly abnormal, moderately abnormal, or severely abnormal. The total number of images in each category within each disease group was counted, and the percentage was calculated compared to the total number of images analyzed in that group. Results from both groups were then compared. Results The severity levels of chest X-ray abnormalities were similar between the COVID-19 group and the COVID-negative influenza group at the time of ED visits, with most images being normal or mildly abnormal. The percentages of the images categorized as normal, mildly abnormal, moderately abnormal, and severely abnormal in the COVID-19 group and the influenza group were 38-39%, 28-29%, 22-21%, and 12-11%, respectively. Conclusion Our findings suggest that in the ED setting, no distinction can be made between COVID-19 and Influenza infections if based just on chest X-rays.
Robust Ulcer Classification: Contrast and Illumination Invariant Approach

Gastrointestinal (GI) disease cases are on the rise throughout the world. Ulcers, being the most common type of GI disease, if left untreated, can cause internal bleeding resulting in anemia and bloody vomiting. Early detection and classification of different types of ulcers can reduce the death rate and severity of the disease. Manual detection and classification of ulcers are tedious and error-prone. This calls for automated systems based on computer vision techniques to detect and classify ulcers in images and video data. A major challenge in accurate detection and classification is dealing with the similarity among classes and the poor quality of input images. Improper contrast and illumination reduce the anticipated classification accuracy. In this paper, contrast and illumination invariance was achieved by utilizing log transformation and power law transformation. Optimal values of the parameters for both these techniques were achieved and combined to obtain the fused image dataset. Augmentation was used to handle overfitting and classification was performed using the lightweight and efficient deep learning model MobilNetv2. Experiments were conducted on the KVASIR dataset to assess the efficacy of the proposed approach. An accuracy of 96.71% was achieved, which is a considerable improvement over the state-of-the-art techniques.
Rotational mixing in early-type main-sequence stars

We present quantitative observational investigations into the importance of rotationally induced mixing in late-O stars. First, we conduct non-LTE, hydrostatic, plane-parallel H/He model-atmosphere analyses of the optical spectra of three of the most rapidly rotating late-O near-main-sequence stars known: HD 93521 (O9.5 V), HD 149757 (zeta Ophiuchi; O9.5 V), and HD 191423 (ON9 III: n), all of which have equatorial rotation velocities of similar to 430 km s(-1) and omega (e)/omega (e)(crit) similar or equal to 0.9. The analysis allows for the expected (von Zeipel) variation of T-eff and log g with latitude. These three stars are found to share very similar characteristics, including substantially enhanced surface-helium abundances (y similar or equal to 0.2). Secondly, we compare the distribution of projected rotational velocities for ON and morphologically normal dwarf O stars, and demonstrate that the ON stars are drawn from a population with more rapid rotation. The results provide qualitative support for rotationally induced mixing, although there remain discrepancies between atmospheric and evolutionary models (which we show employ inappropriate mass-loss rates for late-O main-sequence stars). We show that the most rapid rotator known, HD 191423, is an ON star, and note the implied disparity between O/ON morphology and surface helium abundance; we discuss consequences for the interpretation of spectral morphology in O-type main-sequence stars. We demonstrate a new, purely spectroscopic, method of distance determination for rapid rotators, and thereby confirm that HD 93521 lies at similar to 2 kpc, and is not, as previously suggested, a low-mass Population II star. Finally, our models contradict earlier claims of strongly differential surface rotation, and are consistent with uniform angular velocity at the surface.
The Full Alpha-Tensor Due to Supernova Explosions and Superbubbles in the Galactic Disk

In this paper we investigate the impact of turbulent motions on the mean magnetic field in our Galaxy. We calculate the alpha-tensor which linearly relates the electromotive force due to turbulent motions to the mean magnetic field. We first derive a general analytical expression for this tensor when turbulence is driven by an ensemble of axisymmetric explosions. We then apply our general results to supernova explosions and to superbubbles. We find that superbubbles are more efficient than isolated supernovae at removing magnetic flux from the Galactic disk, by a factor ∼2 near the midplane, and at generating magnetic field in the direction perpendicular to the prevailing field (alpha-effect) by a factor ∼6 near the midplane
On Sobolev regularity of mass transport and transportation inequalities

We study Sobolev a priori estimates for the optimal transportation $T = \nabla \Phi$ between probability measures $\mu=e^{-V} \ dx$ and $\nu=e^{-W} \ dx$ on $\R^d$. Assuming uniform convexity of the potential $W$ we show that $\int \| D^2 \Phi\|^2_{HS} \ d\mu$, where $\|\cdot\|_{HS}$ is the Hilbert-Schmidt norm, is controlled by the Fisher information of $\mu$. In addition, we prove similar estimate for the $L^p(\mu)$-norms of $\|D^2 \Phi\|$ and obtain some $L^p$-generalizations of the well-known Caffarelli contraction theorem. We establish a connection of our results with the Talagrand transportation inequality. We also prove a corresponding dimension-free version for the relative Fisher information with respect to a Gaussian measure.
Largest eigenvalues of sparse inhomogeneous Erdős–Rényi graphs

We consider inhomogeneous Erd\H{o}s-R\'enyi graphs. We suppose that the maximal mean degree $d$ satisfies $d \ll \log n$. We characterize the asymptotic behavior of the $n^{1 - o(1)}$ largest eigenvalues of the adjacency matrix and its centred version. We prove that these extreme eigenvalues are governed at first order by the largest degrees and, for the adjacency matrix, by the nonzero eigenvalues of the expectation matrix. Our results show that the extreme eigenvalues exhibit a novel behaviour which in particular rules out their convergence to a nondegenerate point process. Together with the companion paper [3], where we analyse the extreme eigenvalues in the complementary regime $d \gg \log n$, this establishes a crossover in the behaviour of the extreme eigenvalues around $d \sim \log n$. Our proof relies on a new tail estimate for the Poisson approximation of an inhomogeneous sum of independent Bernoulli random variables, as well as on an estimate on the operator norm of a pruned graph due to Le, Levina, and Vershynin.
Recovering piecewise constant refractive indices by a single far-field pattern

We are concerned with the inverse scattering problem of recovering an inhomogeneous medium by the associated acoustic wave measurement. We prove that under certain assumptions, a single far-field pattern determines the values of a perturbation to the refractive index on the corners of its support. These assumptions are satisfied, for example, in the low acoustic frequency regime. As a consequence if the perturbation is piecewise constant with either a polyhedral nest geometry or a known polyhedral cell geometry, such as a pixel or voxel array, we establish the injectivity of the perturbation to far-field map given a fixed incident wave. This is the first unique determinancy result of its type in the literature, and all of the existing results essentially make use of infinitely many measurements.
Nonlinear Multichannel Algorithms for Estimating Sea Surface Temperature with AVHRR Satellite Data

Abstract The familiar linear multichannel sea surface temperature algorithms (MCSST) for estimating sea surface temperature with AVHRR satellite data describe the solution in terms of a constant gamma parameter multiplied by the measured brightness temperature difference of two of the window channels. A nonlinear algorithm is developed in this paper which is similar in form to the MCSST algorithm but with the gamma parameter having a specific two- or three-channel temperature dependence. Simulation studies show that the linear and nonlinear algorithms provide nearly identical accuracies for a wide range of atmospheric conditions if the satellite data are error free. When random or noncorrelative error sources are present in the multichannel AVHRR data, it is found that the nonlinear algorithms significantly reduce their effect upon the final solution relative to the linear MCSST solution. These results are verified with actual AVHRR data obtained in January-March 1982 and 1983. The algorithm estimates of .
Integral group rings of solvable groups with trivial central units

The integral group ring {\mathbb{Z}G} of a group G has only trivial central units if the only central units of {\mathbb{Z}G} are {\pm z} for z in the center of G. We show that the order of a finite solvable group G with this property can only be divisible by the primes 2, 3, 5 and 7, by linking this to inverse semi-rational groups and extending one result on this class of groups. We also classify the Frobenius groups whose integral group rings have only trivial central units.
Knowledge of and attitudes towards Sustainable Development Goals among adults in South Africa

ABSTRACT This study used survey results to describe selected adult South Africans’ knowledge of and attitudes towards the attainment of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Results revealed that more females than males claimed to have been taught about the SDGs and that more young people than the elderly claimed to have adequate knowledge of the SDGs. Results also revealed that those with a high school education claimed not to have been taught about SDGs, whilst those with a Masters education claimed to have been taught about SDGs. Interestingly, half of the PhD graduates indicated that they had not been taught about SDGs, which may indicate that increased levels of education do not translate into a better knowledge of the SDGs. In terms of the perceived impact of COVID-19 on the attainment of SDGs, results indicated that the majority of respondents aged between 31–40, believed that the pandemic has made the SDGs less attainable by 2030, with much fewer younger respondents expressing such a sentiment. Respondents with higher levels of education were of the view that COVID-19 will have a negative effect on the attainment of the SDGs by 2030. These results are important for policy and developmental planning in the face of COVID-19.
On hyperbolicity and Gevrey well-posedness. Part one: the elliptic case.

In this paper we prove that the Cauchy problem for first-order quasi-linear systems of partial differential equations is ill-posed in Gevrey spaces, under the assumption of an initial ellipticity. The assumption bears on the principal symbol of the first-order operator. Ill-posedness means instability in the sense of Hadamard, specifically an instantaneous defect of Holder continuity of the flow from $G^{\sigma}$ to $L^2$, where $\sigma\in(0,1)$ depends on the initial spectrum. Building on the analysis carried out by G. Metivier [\textit{Remarks on the well-posedness of the nonlinear Cauchy problem}, Contemp. Math. 2005], we show that ill-posedness follows from a long-time Cauchy-Kovalevskaya construction of a family of exact, highly oscillating, analytical solutions which are initially close to the null solution, and which grow exponentially fast in time. A specific difficulty resides in the observation time of instability. While in Sobolev spaces, this time is logarithmic in the frequency, in Gevrey spaces it is a power of the frequency. In particular, in Gevrey spaces the instability is recorded much later than in Sobolev spaces.
Every symplectic toric orbifold is a centered reduction of a Cartesian product of weighted projective spaces

We prove that every symplectic toric orbifold is a centered reduction of a Cartesian product of weighted projective spaces. A theorem of Abreu and Macarini shows that if the level set of the reduction passes through a non-displaceable set then the image of this set in the reduced space is also non-displaceable. Using this result we show that every symplectic toric orbifold contains a non-displaceable fiber and we identify this fiber.
Orbifold Vertex Operator Algebras and the Positivity Condition

In this note we show that the irreducible twisted modules of a holomorphic, C_{2}‐cofinite vertex operator algebra V have L_{0}‐weights at least as large as the smaılest L_{0}‐weight of V . Hence, if V is of CFT‐type, then the twisted V‐modules are almost strictly positively graded. This in turn implies that the fixed‐point vertex operator subalgebra V^{G} for a finite, solvable group of automorphisms of V almost satisfies the positivity condition. These and some further results are obtained by a careful analysis of Dong, Li and Mason’s twisted modular invariance.
Effect of Propofol versus Sevoflurane Anesthesia on Acute Kidney Injury after Lung Transplantation Surgery: A Prospective Randomized Controlled Trial

This prospective randomized controlled trial aimed to compare the effects of sevoflurane and propofol anesthesia on the occurrence of acute kidney injury (AKI) following lung transplantation (LTx) surgery. Sixty adult patients undergoing bilateral LTx were randomized to receive either inhalation of sevoflurane or continuous infusion of propofol for general anesthesia. The primary outcomes were AKI incidence according to the Acute Kidney Injury Network (AKIN) criteria and blood biomarker of kidney injury, including neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) and cystatin C levels within 48 h of surgery. Serum interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor-α, and superoxide dismutase were measured before and after surgery. The post-operative 30-day morbidity and long-term mortality were also assessed. Significantly fewer patients in the propofol group developed AKI compared with the sevoflurane group (13% vs. 38%, p = 0.030). NGAL levels were significantly lower in the propofol group at immediately after, 24 h, and 48 h post-operation. IL-6 levels were significantly lower in the propofol group immediately after surgery. AKI occurrence was significantly associated with a lower 5-year survival rate. Total intravenous anesthesia with propofol reduced the AKI incidence in LTx compared with sevoflurane, which is understood to be mediated by the attenuation of inflammatory responses.