Caracterização da diversidade microbiana da Praia dos Anjos - Arraial do Cabo - RJ através de metagenômica

The marine environments cover ~70% of the Earth's surface. These habitats present great variability of temperature, pressure and salinity, harboring a wide range of microorganisms from the three domains of life (Archaea, Bacteria and Eukarya) which are responsible for ~98% of the marine primary production. This huge biodiversity represents a great potent ial, as its exploration allows us to discover new enzymes for industrial use. However, only ~1% of the environmental microorganism can be cultivated using culture - dependent approaches. To overcome this limitation, metagenomics studies have been conducted u sing samples for different environments, including aquatic ones like costal seawater, deep seawater, open ocean waters and freshwater from rivers and lagoons. In this work, we explore the taxonomic diversity and the metabolic potential (to find new natural compounds produced by PKS and NRPS enzymes) of the Praia dos Anjos (Angel's Beach), in Arraial do Cabo, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil by pyrosequencing its metagenome. The sample was fractionated by filtration in 2 membranes to separate the eukaryotic (sample E) from prokaryotic communities (sample P). A total of 651,083 and 542,647 reads were obtained for samples P and E, respectively. The obtained sequences were analyzed by similarity using the BLAST package and the MEGAN program, applying the Last Common Ancest ral (LCA) algorithm. The MG - RAST pipeline was used to annotate the genes from the community. The most abundant bacterial phylum present in both samples was Proteobacteria, followed by Bacteroidetes and Cyanobacteria (mainly on sample E). Members of the Ros eobacter clade ( Roseobacter and Ruegeria genus) was abundant in both samples, but in larger abundance on sample P (up to 29% of identified genus) . The keto - acyl synthase (KS) domains from PKSs and condensation domain (C) from NRPS were screened using pHMMs approach. A total of 84 KS sequences and 46 C sequences were obtained from both samples, showing the potential of this environment for the discover y of new compounds. The aerobic anoxygenic phototrophs bacteria (AAP) are photoheterotrophic microorganisms that play important roles on biogeochemical cycles. In oceans, this group is wide ly distributed, however, its abundance and relevance in carbon fixation is poorly understood. In the present work, with the aim to estimate the abundance and diversity of AAPs in the metagenome from Arraial do Cabo, an in silico approach using Hiden Markov Models profiles (pHMM) was developed to screen core genes of anoxygenic photosynthesis ( pufM and pufL ), in addition to chlorophyllide reductase subunit X gene (bchX). The met agenomes from Global Ocean Sample Expedition (GOS) was also screened with comparative purposes. The most abundant sample was sample P from Arraial do Cabo, with ~23.88% of total cells in the sample . The 10 most abundant samples from GOS, in addition to the 2 samples from Arraial do Cabo, were selected to assembl y , ORF extraction and phylogenetic analysis of pufM genes. From the 10 GOS samples, 80% were collected in sites close to the Equador. It w as possible to classify the most of sequences in phylogroups, showing a high abundance of phylogroup G ( Roseobacter clade) in Arraial do Cabo samples. This phylogroup was the most ubiquitous, present on 11 from 12 ( 91.66%) assembled samples.