Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
SUPERNOVA FEEDBACK AND THE HOT GAS FILLING FRACTION OF THE INTERSTELLAR MEDIUM

Supernovae (SNe), the most energetic stellar feedback mechanism, are crucial for regulating the interstellar medium (ISM) and launching galactic winds. We explore how supernova remnants (SNRs) create a multiphase medium by performing three-dimentional hydrodynamical simulations at various SN rates, S, and ISM average densities, n ¯ . > The evolution of an SNR in a self-consistently generated three-phase ISM is qualitatively different from that in a uniform or a two-phase warm/cold medium. By traveling faster and further in the low-density hot phase, the domain of an SNR increases by >102.5. Varying n ¯ ? > and S, we find that a steady state can only be achieved when the hot gas volume fraction f V,hot ≲ 0.6 ± 0.1 . > Above that level, overlapping SNRs render connecting topology of the hot gas, and the ISM is subjected to thermal runaway. Photoelectric heating (PEH) has a surprisingly strong impact on f V,hot . > For n ¯ ≳ 3 cm - 3 , ? > a reasonable PEH rate is able to suppress the thermal runaway. Overall, we determine the critical SN rate for the onset of thermal runaway to be S crit = 200 ( n ¯ / 1 cm - 3 ) k ( E SN / 10 51 erg ) − 1 kpc − 3 Myr - 1 , ? > where k = (1.2, 2.7) for n ¯ ≤ 1 ? > and > 1 cm - 3 , ? > respectively. We present a fitting formula of the ISM pressure P ( n ¯ , ? > S), which can be used as an effective equation of state in cosmological simulations. Despite the five orders of magnitude span of ( n ¯ , S ) , ? > the average Mach number varies little:  ? > ≈ 0.5 ± 0.2, 1.2 ± 0.3, and 2.3 ± 0.9 for the hot, warm, and cold phases, respectively.
FLASH: Heterogeneity-Aware Federated Learning at Scale

Federated learning (FL) becomes a promising machine learning paradigm. The impact of heterogeneous hardware specifications and dynamic states on the FL process has not yet been studied systematically. This paper presents the first large-scale study of this impact based on real-world data collected from 136k smartphones. We conducted extensive experiments on our proposed heterogeneity-aware FL platform namely FLASH, to systematically explore the performance of state-of-the-art FL algorithms and key FL configurations in heterogeneity-aware and -unaware settings, finding the following. (1) Heterogeneity causes accuracy to drop by up to 9.2% and convergence time to increase by 2.32×. (2) Heterogeneity negatively impacts popular aggregation algorithms, e.g., the accuracy variance reduction brought by q-FedAvg drops by 17.5%. (3) Heterogeneity does not worsen the accuracy loss caused by gradient-compression algorithms significantly, but it compromises the convergence time by up to 2.5×. (4) Heterogeneity hinders client-selection algorithms from selecting wanted clients, thus reducing effectiveness. e.g., the accuracy increase brought by the state-of-the-art client-selection algorithm drops by 73.9%. (5) Heterogeneity causes the optimal FL hyper-parameters to drift significantly. More specifically, the heterogeneity-unaware setting favors looser deadline and higher reporting fraction to achieve better training performance. (6) Heterogeneity results in non-trivial failed clients (more than 10%) and leads to participation bias (the top 30% of clients contribute 86% of computations). Our FLASH platform and data have been publicly open sourced.
Ginzburg–Landau expansion in BCS–BEC crossover region of disordered attractive Hubbard model

We have studied disorder effects on the coefficients of Ginzburg-Landau expansion for attractive Hubbard model within the generalized DMFT+Σ approximation for the wide region of the values of attractive potential U—from the weak-coupling limit, where superconductivity is described by BCS model, towards the strong coupling, where superconducting transition is related to Bose-Einstein condensation (BEC) of compact Cooper pairs. For the case of semi-elliptic initial density of states disorder influence on the coefficients A and B before the square and the fourth power of the order parameter is universal for at all values of electronic correlations and is related only to the widening of the initial conduction band (density of states) by disorder. Similar universal behavior is valid for superconducting critical temperature Tc (the generalized Anderson theorem) and specific heat discontinuity at the transition. This universality is absent for the coefficient C before the gradient term, which in accordance with .
Intramuscular Electrical Stimulation to Trigger Points: Insights into Mechanisms and Clinical Applications—A Scoping Review

Intramuscular electrical stimulation (IMES) is a modality used by clinicians to treat myofascial pain. Recent studies have shown positive results for the use of IMES on pain outcomes, yet studies investigating the potential mechanisms of IMES directly to trigger points (TrPs) are lacking. We performed a scoping review of the literature to summarize the current evidence from human and animal studies on the mechanisms of IMES to the TrP location, and to identify gaps in the existing literature. Electronic literature searches were conducted across five databases from inception to 15 August 2022, including PubMed, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), Allied and Complementary Medicine Database (AMED), Scopus and Cochrane Register of Controlled Trials. Four studies met our full criteria for inclusion in this review. Three studies assessed the effects of IMES to TrPs on human subjects with MPS, and only one study used an animal model with experimentally generated TrPs. Based on the results of the included studies, IMES within a TrP region was reported to normalize muscle blood flow, decrease endplate noise of the TrP and elicit antinociceptive effects, at least partially, through engaging supraspinal descending pain inhibitory systems. At present, no clinical implications can be determined on the use of IMES to TrPs due to the limited amount and quality of the available evidence. Further studies investigating the clinical effectiveness and also underlying mechanisms of IMES to TrPs are clearly needed.
A MAPPING SURVEY OF DENSE CLUMPS ASSOCIATED WITH EMBEDDED CLUSTERS. II. CAN CLUMP–CLUMP COLLISIONS INDUCE STELLAR CLUSTERS?

We report the H13CO+ (J = 1–0) survey observations toward embedded clusters obtained using the Nobeyama 45 m telescope, which were performed to follow up our previous study in the C18O survey with a dense gas tracer. Our aim is to address the evolution of cluster-forming clumps. We observed the same 14 clusters in C18O, which are located at distances from 0.3 to 2.1 kpc with a 27″ resolution (corresponding to the Jeans length for most of our targets) in H13CO+. We detected the 13 clumps in H13CO+ line emission and obtained the physical parameters of the clumps with radii of 0.24–0.75 pc, masses of 100–1400 M☉, and velocity widths in FWHM of 1.5–4.0 km s-1. The mean density is ∼3.9 × 104 cm−3 and the equivalent Jeans length is ∼0.13 pc at 20 K. We classified the H13CO+ clumps into three types, type A, type B, and type C according to the relative locations of the H13CO+ clumps and the clusters (see our previous study). Our classification represents an evolutionary trend of cluster-forming clumps because dense clumps are expected to be converted into stellar constituents, or dispersed by stellar activities. We found a similar, but clearer trend than our previous results, for derived star formation efficiencies to increase from type A to C in the H13CO+ data, and for the dense gas regions within the clumps traced by H13CO+ to be sensitive to the physical evolution of the clump–cluster systems. In addition, we found that 4 out of 13 H13CO+ clumps, which we named “Distinct Velocity Structure Objects” (DVSOs), have distinct velocity gradients at their central parts, i.e., at the location of the embedded clusters. Assuming that the velocity gradients represent the rigid-like rotation of the clumps, we calculated the virial parameter of the H13CO+ clumps by taking into account the contribution of the rotation and found that the DVSOs tend to be gravitationally unbound. In order to explain the above physical properties for DVSOs in a consistent way, we propose a clump–clump collision model as a possible mechanism for triggering the formation of clusters.
A nonexistence result on harmonic diffeomorphisms between punctured spaces

In this paper, we will prove a result of nonexistence on harmonic diffeomorphisms between punctured spaces. In particular, we will given an elementary proof to the nonexistence of rotationally symmetric harmonic diffeomorphisms from the punctured Euclidean space onto the punctured hyperbolic space.
Participatory Design of Sonification Development for Learning about Molecular Structures in Virtual Reality

Background: Chemistry and biology students often have difficulty understanding molecular structures. Sonification (the rendition of data into non-speech sounds that convey information) can be used to support molecular understanding by complementing scientific visualization. A proper sonification design is important for its effective educational use. This paper describes a participatory design (PD) approach to designing and developing the sonification of a molecular structure model to be used in an educational setting. Methods: Biology, music, and computer science students and specialists designed a sonification of a model of an insulin molecule, following Spinuzzi’s PD methodology and involving evolutionary prototyping. The sonification was developed using open-source software tools used in digital music composition. Results and Conclusions: We tested our sonification played on a virtual reality headset with 15 computer science students. Questionnaire and observational results showed that multidisciplinary PD was useful and effective for developing an educational scientific sonification. PD allowed for speeding up and improving our sonification design and development. Making a usable (effective, efficient, and pleasant to use) sonification of molecular information requires the multidisciplinary participation of people with music, computer science, and molecular biology backgrounds.
Religious Tolerance in France: A Perspective of Maqasid Shari'a

This study examines religious tolerance in France from the perspective of Maqasid Shari'a. This study employed a qualitative approach with a case study design. The study was conducted in 2019, taking place in France. Data collection techniques were carried out using observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation also the informants were selected by purposive sampling and snowball sampling. Data analysis used the critical analysis method through in-depth interviews with religious leaders, organizational leaders associated with inter-religious harmony organizations, community leaders, and youth leaders. This study revealed France's position as a country which ready to accept religious pluralism and guarantees constitutional, historical and factual tolerance among religious believers. However, this encounters several obstacles that arise in the form of radicalism, Islamophobia and unpreparedness for dialogue related to religious issues. From these obstacles, various strategies emerged to create tolerance among religious believers, namely the laicite law, integration policies and supporting religious institutions such as the Conseil Francais du Culte Musulman (CFCM). Some of the French government's strategies turned out to be in line with the dimensions of Hifz al-Din which is one of the goals of Maqasid Shari’a. Hifz al-Din in this context, is interpreted repressively then it becomes haq al-tadayyun (religious rights), where this strategy can guarantee the continuity of religious people to worship and carry out religious values. Haq al-Tadayyun not only maintains the sanctity of religion but also creates a harmonious relationship pattern in practicing religion amidst religious diversity. This research has implications for the emergence of a form of tolerance among religious believers in France, therefore, it can be a policy reference for countries with Muslim majority populations in responding to the dynamics that occur due to religious diversity.
Interaction Rituals and Social Relationships in a Rural Tourism Destination

The reproduction of social relationships in a rural tourism destination is examined through a micro-sociological lens that explores residents’ everyday interactions. Interaction ritual theory is adopted as the theoretical foundation. Zhinan, a mountainous village in Hangzhou, China, which initiated tourism in 2014, is the study site. Two rounds of focus groups and interviews were conducted with village residents. Qualitative inquiry shows that, under the influence of tourism, residents’ daily interactions consist of three interaction rituals, that is, rural living rituals, tourism operation rituals, and event and festival rituals. Due to the distinct ingredients, these rituals unfold differentially and engage different social actors. They complement each other in the co-construction of rural social relationships that have symbolic, emotional, collective, and normative connotations. This study provides in-depth, contextualized understandings of rural residents’ interactions and relationships, and draws practical implications for sustainable development of rural tourism destinations.
Heavy Copper Isotopes in Arc‐Related Lavas From Cold Subduction Zones Uncover a Sub‐Arc Mantle Metasomatized by Serpentinite‐Derived Sulfate‐Rich Fluids

Serpentinite dehydration during subduction releases fluids into the sub‐arc mantle, yet the oxidizing capability of these fluids remains controversial. Here, redox‐sensitive Cu isotopes and in situ S isotopes of magmatic sulfides in fresh lavas from three subduction zones in the western Pacific were analyzed to determine the speciation of multi‐valence elements in the serpentinite‐derived fluids. Notably, the basaltic lavas from the Mariana Arc, eastern Manus Basin, and southern Okinawa Trough have isotopically heavy Cu (δ65Cu = +0.26 to +0.67‰) compared to the mantle‐like δ65Cu values of the middle Okinawa Trough and Mariana Trough basalts (+0.11 to +0.14‰). In addition, positive correlations between δ65Cu and slab fluid indicators (e.g., B/Nb, Ba/Th, and Ba/La) combined with positive δ34S values (∼+4‰) of magmatic sulfides in the Mariana Arc lavas, suggest that fluids with isotopically heavy Cu and S metasomatized their mantle sources. Theoretically, the Cu2+−SO42– ${\mathrm{C}\mathrm{u}}^{2+}-{\mathrm{S}\mathrm{O}}_{4}^{2\mbox{--}}$ bearing fluids released by serpentinite dehydration have extremely heavy Cu and S isotope compositions. Consequently, the sulfate‐rich fluids infiltration into the sub‐arc mantle produces heavy Cu and S isotopes in arc‐related magmas. Comparatively, sulfate‐rich fluids are absent at back‐arc depths due to the complete breakdown of serpentine minerals during the early stages of subduction, which results in the mid‐ocean ridge basalts‐like δ65Cu and δ34S values (∼−1‰) observed in the middle Okinawa Trough and Mariana Trough basalts. Therefore, heavy Cu isotopes in arc‐related magmas uncover that the sub‐arc mantle was metasomatized by serpentinite‐derived sulfate‐rich (oxidizing) fluids, which accounts for the oxidized nature of arc magmas in cold subduction zones.
An All LTPS-TFT-Based Charge-Integrating Amplifier for Sensor-Array Readout Circuit on Flexible Substrate

This article presents the design of a readout circuit for charge-output sensor arrays integrated on a flexible substrate. The charge-integrating amplifier is built with a current-output transimpedance amplifier that includes the integrator function with reset. The charge-integrating amplifier has a fully differential internal topology, improving over single-ended design, including the feedback amplifier implemented specifically as a Nauta-transconductor. The readout circuit has been manufactured in a 3-<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mu \text{m}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> low-temperature polysilicon process on foil and measured, achieving a bandwidth of 200 kHz, operation at a 5-V supply while consuming 586-<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mu \text{W}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> power and maintaining a maximum integral nonlinearity of 5%.
Beyond the Psychopathological Approach to Study the Relationship between Body Dissatisfaction and Suicide: A Moderate and Mediated Analysis

This paper provides a comprehensive review of the literature to date on body dissatisfaction and suicide. A moderate and mediated regression analysis suggests that the relationship between these two variables is mediated by depression, anxiety, impulse control, self-esteem, and hopelessness. The relationship is not moderated by gender, ethnicity, or socioeconomic status. The implications for mental health practitioners are discussed in relation to management strategies for body dissatisfaction and suicide risk. Another finding showed that psychological distress had a significant effect on performance achievement and served as a mediating variable for the effect of social justice on performance achievement. This study only focused on the effect of psychological distress on the performance achievement of human resources in the context of Islamic microfinance institutions. Besides, in explaining the model, this study only focused on one point of view of the grand theory, i.e., social exchange theory. This study provided information on alternative strategies in managing and minimizing the risks of psychological distress to improve performance achievement in Islamic microfinance institutions. Apart from that, this study also provided an overview of how to manage social exchange relationships in the context of an organization, so they could be well-maintained. This study examined the effect of psychological distress on the performance achievement of human resources in the context of Islamic microfinance institutions. This study also specifically examined the role of formal justice and social justice as an antecedent of psychological distress. Eventually, this study used the perspective of social exchange theory for the first time in explaining the psychological distress model on the performance achievement of human resources.
New Type of Quantum Criticality in the Pyrochlore Iridates

Magnetic fluctuations and electrons couple in intriguing ways in the vicinity of zero temperature phase transitions - quantum critical points - in conducting materials. Quantum criticality is implicated in non-Fermi liquid behavior of diverse materials, and in the formation of unconventional superconductors. Here we uncover an entirely new type of quantum critical point describing the onset of antiferromagnetism in a nodal semimetal engendered by the combination of strong spin-orbit coupling and electron correlations, and which is predicted to occur in the iridium oxide pyrochlores. We formulate and solve a field theory for this quantum critical point by renormalization group techniques, show that electrons and antiferromagnetic fluctuations are strongly coupled, and that both these excitations are modified in an essential way. This quantum critical point has many novel features, including strong emergent spatial anisotropy, a vital role for Coulomb interactions, and highly unconventional critical exponents. Our theory motivates and informs experiments on pyrochlore iridates, and constitutes a singular realistic example of a non-trivial quantum critical point with gapless fermions in three dimensions.
On the supermarket model with memory

The supermarket model with memory consists of n single-server, infinite-capacity, firstin-first-out queues with service rate 1. The service times are independent. At all times, exactly one queue is distinguished as the memory queue. Customer arrivals form a Poisson process of rate n, where 0 < < 1. Upon arrival, each customer chooses an ordered list of d queues uniformly at random with replacement, adds the memory queue to the end of the list, and then joins the first shortest queue in the list. With the updated queue lengths, the first shortest queue in the list is then saved as the new memory queue. Our main contributions are to show that the system is rapidly mixing, and that with probability tending to 1 as n! 1, the maximum queue length in equilibrium is concentrated on two consecutive values which are ln lnn ln↵ +O (1), where ↵ := d+ 1 2 + q
X-ray Polarimetry - a Tool for the Galactic center diagnosis

Was the Milky Way galaxy a low-luminosity active galactic nucleus (AGN) in the past? Can we find traces of remnant structures supporting this idea? What is the three-dimensional arrangement of matter around our central supermassive black hole? A number of fundamental questions concerning our own Galactic center remain controversial. To reveal the structure of the high-energy sky around our galactic core, a technique more sensitive to the morphology of the emitters than spectroscopy is needed. In this lecture note, I describe how X-ray polarimetry can open a new observational window by precisely measuring the three-dimensional position of the scattering material in the Galactic center. The observed polarization degree and polarization position angle would also determine unambiguously the primary source of emission and trace the centennial history of our supermassive black hole by detecting echoes of its past activity thanks to astrophysical mirrors. Finally, the synergy between X-ray polarimetry and infrared and radio observations can be used to better constrain the geometry in the first hundred parsecs around the Galactic center.
Anorexic Readiness Syndrome in Elite Female Acrobatic Gymnasts—International Study

Anorexic Readiness Syndrome (ARS) is a concept used in research for the early detection of disordered eating (DE). It is a set of indicators located primarily within the cognitive and behavioral sphere of an individual’s functioning. The aim of this study was to examine whether among the elite acrobats there are girls showing a high level of anorexic tendency, and if so, what behaviors and attitudes are the most common. In addition, an attempt to determine what sport-related factors or other non-sport variables may increase the risk of ARS was conducted. The study group was made up of 133 acrobatic gymnasts aged 10–19, representing six countries that participated in the Acro World Cup competition held in Poland. The study procedures included surveys (personal questionnaire and the Eating Attitudes Questionnaire), anthropometric measurements such as weight, height, waist circumference (WC) and determination of the Body Mass Index (BMI), fat percentage (Fat%), and waist to height ratio (WHtR). A high level of ARS was found in 9.8% of acrobats. This group most often declared attitudes and behaviors indicative of anorexic tendencies. A strong relationship with the level of ARS was noted in the following: the use of fasting and diets (p ≤ 0.001; V = 0.54), limiting of fats and carbohydrates (p ≤ 0.001; V = 0.60), feeling angry after eating too much (p ≤ 0.001; V = 0.55), knowing the caloric value of many food products (p ≤ 0.001; V = 0.59), and the desire to improve the appearance of one’s body (p ≤ 0.001; V = 0.52). The role played in the acrobatic partnership and the region of residence were considered as the sport-related risk factors. Among non-sport factors, the strongest predictor of ARS was the age of gymnasts (β = 0.516; p ≤ 0.001).