Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Neurosteroid involvement in threatened preterm labour

The neurosteroid allopregnanolone modulates oxytocin expression in the brain, and its effects arise from its action on the GABAA receptor. Whether neurosteroid levels and the function of the GABAA receptor are involved in the risk of preterm labour in pregnant women is unknown.
Disaster communication ecology in multiethnic communities: Understanding disaster coping and community resilience from a communication resource approach

ABSTRACT The challenge for multiethnic communities to recover from disasters is well noted. Yet, research on which types of resources can help communities recuperate remains scarce. The current study explores how community-level communication resources—including interpersonal connections, local media storytelling, community-based organizations, and official emergency management communication—may function as a resource network for residents from diverse backgrounds to navigate the strenuous process of post-disaster recovery. Results based on a community survey confirm the positive link between disaster communication ecology and individuals’ disaster-coping outcomes. Findings further identify ethnicity-based divergence where certain communication resources play a more important role than others.
Liming and Cultivars Affect Root Growth, Nodulation, Leaf to Stem Ratio, Herbage Yield, and Elemental Composition of Alfalfa on an Acid Soil

Abstract Soil acidity is one of the limiting factors affecting the production and sustainability of pastures and crops in many parts of the world. An on‐farm experiment was conducted in Australia to investigate the cultivar variation in alfalfa (lucerne) (Medicago sativa L.) with respect to soil acidity and response to applied lime. The experimental site was a brown sandy clay loam with a soil pH of 4.8 (1:5 calcium chloride). Ten cultivars (Hunter River, Hunterfield, Sceptre, Aurora, Genesis, Aquarius, Venus, PL90, PL55, and breeding line Y8804) were tested at two levels of lime (0 and 2 t ha−1). Lime application significantly increased the root growth, nodulation, leaf retention, leaf to stem ratio, herbage yield, and crude protein content of alfalfa. Liming had a significant effect on elemental composition of alfalfa shoots. Aluminum (Al) concentration was reduced from 93 mg kg−1 DM in nil lime treatment to 45 mg kg−1 DM in +lime treatment. Similarly, manganese (Mn) and iron (Fe) shoot concentrations were reduced from 74 mg kg−1 DM and 92 mg kg−1 DM to 59 mg kg−1 DM and 76 mg kg−1 DM, respectively. Liming significantly improved the calcium (Ca) concentration of shoots, while there was a little effect on phosphorus (P) and zinc (Zn) concentrations of alfalfa shoots. Cultivars had differential response to lime application. Response to lime application was greater in Y8804 and Aurora alfalfa where yield increased by 32% and 31%, while yield increase was 11–22% in other cultivars. Cultivars also differed significantly in root growth, nodulation, leaf drop, leaf to stem ratio, crude protein content, and elemental composition of shoots. Cultivars with better performance in no liming treatment had comparatively lower shoot Al, Mn, and Fe concentrations compared with other cultivars.
4E’s Are Too Many Why Enactive World-Making Does Not Need The Extended Mind Thesis

4E’s cognition – embodied, embedded, enacted, extended – replaces the cognitivist notion of world-mirroring with an active process of world-making: cognition needs no mental representation and is distributed over body, brain and environment. In recent years, the remark that extended cognition is not enactive and that the embodied approach to cognition fails to provide a definition of body raise the question of whether a postcognitivist approach to experience needs 4E’s. This contribution suggests that it does not. The enactive body as a moving sense-making-system informed by phenomenology and pragmatism and its role in the constitution of the distinctive quality of an experience are discussed.
Securing sustainable tourism in marine protected areas: lessons from an assessment of scuba divers’ underwater behaviour in non-tropical environments

ABSTRACT Non-tropical marine protected areas (MPAs) are likely to experience growing demand from scuba diving tourism, given the pressures on their tropical counterparts. The vulnerability of non-tropical MPAs to the impacts of diving tourism calls for monitoring and sustainable management of diving activities to ensure conservation. This study contributes to an assessment of scuba diving tourism in non-tropical MPAs. Scuba divers’ contact behaviour towards substrates and wildlife was evaluated at a temperate MPA in northern Italy and a subtropical MPA in southern Mozambique. A total of 380 scuba divers were observed underwater. Contact behaviour was measured against key characteristics with a post-dive questionnaire survey. Contact rates were 0.13 min−1 for Italy and 0.59 min−1 for Mozambique. Most contacts were deliberate, with turf or soft sediment, and had no visible effect. The results from the survey revealed that diving experience and attitudes are related to contact behaviour and that divers may underestimate the potential effects of certain contact types. The findings were used to develop a management framework to promote proper underwater conduct by scuba divers and maintain diving tourism as a sustainable activity in non-tropical MPAs.
Magnetic Nanowires toward Authentication

Magnetic nanowires (MNWs) have been shown to be promising candidates for nanobarcoding and biolabeling over decades. However, surprisingly, they have never been realized successfully for these applications due to the lack of a reliable encoding strategy that allows reliable decoding of readout signatures. Here, a novel encoding/decoding approach is reported by tailoring the MNWs remanence spectrum that makes decoding the magnetic nanobarcodes feasible even though there is no prior knowledge regarding the readout remanence spectrum. The remanence spectra of several MNWs is tuned by varying their composition, dimensions, and arrangements to generate several distinct nanobarcodes. Furthermore, a simple automated decoding algorithm is illustrated to identify and verify the type and number of MNWs in unknown remanence spectra. The experimental and analytical approaches show that the remanence spectrum is a strong probe for reliable encoding/decoding because it employs three authentication factors that significantly enhance their security performance in nanobarcoding and biolabeling.
Vibration Spectra and Structural Characteristics of Ba[(Zn1-x Mg x )1/3Nb2/3]O3 Solid Solutions

Abstract The Ba[(Zn1-x Mg x )1/3Nb2/3]O3 (BZMN, x = 0.0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 1.0) solid solution ceramics were synthesized by the conventional solid-state reaction method. Vibration spectra (Raman spectroscopy and Fourier transform far-infrared reflection [FTIR] spectroscopy) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were employed to evaluate the correlation between crystal structures and vibration modes of these solid solutions as a function of Zn2+ ions replaced by Mg2+ ions. Spectroscopic and structural data show sensitivity to the sample structural evolution with Mg2+ concentration, and a 1:2 ordered structure appears for Mg-rich samples where x ≥ 0.6. The Ba[(Zn0.4Mg0.6)1/3Nb2/3]O3 has a 1:2 ordered monoclinic unit cell, which is distorted by the antiphase tilting of the oxygen octahedra. The phonon modes were assigned, and a correlation of phonon vibrations with the microstructure was found. The position and width of the phonon modes were determined and correlated to the ionic radii, mass, and tolerance factors for the different atoms substituted in the B′-site.
Application of Biosorption in the Production of Innovative Feed Supplements: A Novel Method

A novel method of biosorption was used in the production of innovative feed supplements using microelements based on common feed ingredients (triticale, oat, barley, corn beans, soy beans, wheat and rye). A new insight into the application of biomasses as the biological carriers of microelements was proposed to reduce the production costs of new supplements. Chromium(III) ions were used as a model cation in kinetic and equilibrium studies. The experimental conditions were as follows: pH 5.0, temperature 25 °C, biomass concentration 1 g l−1. The reaction mixture attained the equilibrium point within minutes and all of the biomasses demonstrated good biosorption properties. Barley had the highest biosorption capacity (45.9 mg g−1), whereas wheat (19.1 mg g−1) had the lowest. Costs of the producing new supplements were related to the biosorption of microelement ions and drying of enriched biomass. However, no additional costs were associated with obtaining and preparing additional raw materials.
Modest Evolutionary Changes of the SARS-CoV-2 Genome in Bangladesh

Background: The human-to-human transmissive nature of SARS-CoV-2 makes Bangladesh, as well as the other South Asian regions, vulnerable to the ongoing pandemic of COVID-19 due to their high population densities. The present study was designed based on the genome wide analysis of Bangladeshi and other South Asian isolates. Complete sequences of SARS-CoV-2 were retrieved from the EpiCoV database in order to identify molecular features demonstrating the evolutionary trail and mutation rate.Result: The complete genome mutation rate of the Bangladeshi isolates was estimated to be 0.49E-3 nucleotide substitutions/site/year. A higher mutation rate was found in the non-structural protein-coding genes at: ORF6 (10.29E-3), ORF7a (31.81E-3), and ORF8 (18.35E-3). In contrast, the mutation rates of the structural protein-coding genes were relatively low at: M (1.14E-3), S (1.47E-3), E (3.35E-3), and N (4.59E-3). Conclusions: A comparison of Bangladeshi and other South Asian isolates demonstrated that there were limited mutational changes in the SARS CoV-2 genome. Knowledge of the Southeast Asian SARS CoV-2 evolutionary genome will help in selecting future vaccine candidates and designing therapeutic drug targets.
A stepwise approach for pharmacists: Cardiovascular risk reduction with novel antihyperglycemic agents in patients with type 2 diabetes and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease

Background The leading cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) is atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD), which includes acute coronary syndrome (ACS), myocardial infarction, stable or unstable angina, coronary heart disease ± revascularization, other arterial revascularization, stroke, or presumed atherosclerotic peripheral artery disease. Although advances in revascularization and medical management have improved the prognosis following an ACS, there remains a significant burden of longer-term morbidity and mortality, with a subsequent 6% to 10% per-year risk of coronary events. A comprehensive cardiovascular risk reduction strategy has been called for in high-risk patients with diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Until recently, agents used to improve glucose control and reduce hemoglobin A1C (A1C) have principally demonstrated reductions in microvascular events, with a relative paucity of evidence for improvement of macrovascular events. The emergence of the sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist (GLP1RA) data has shifted how T2D should be managed in patients with ASCVD. Large outcome trials in patients with T2D assessing the impact of empagliflozin, canagliflozin, liraglutide, dulaglutide, albiglutide and semaglutide have demonstrated significant reductions in major adverse cardiovascular (macrovascular) events (MACE) as compared with standard care (Table 1). Health Canada has recently granted an indication for the reduction of major CV events for empagliflozin, canagliflozin and liraglutide, which are included in their Canadian monograph. Although the data pertaining to the benefits of these agents in the high-risk cardiovascular population is robust, only 5% of eligible patients currently receive these therapies. Recently, an article in the Journal of American College of Cardiology indicated that pharmacists are in a “unique position to identify and facilitate safe initiation and utilization [of these agents] in appropriately selected patients. ” This practice tool outlines a patient case following a 5-step approach for pharmacists to assess and support the management of patients with T2D and ASCVD to reduce future risk of major cardiovascular events with novel antihyperglycemic agents, with a focus on SGLT2 inhibitors. The suggested 5-step approach includes identifying patients with T2D and ASCVD, assessing for patients requiring optimization of therapy, selection of antihyperglycemic agents, communication and patient counselling and ongoing follow-up after SGLT2 inhibitor initiation.
Evaluation of chemical pesticides for the management of Top Borer (Scirpophaga excerptalis Walker) in sugarcane

An experiment was conducted at research field of National Sugarcane Research Program, Jeetpur, Nepal in 2014 and 2016, to evaluate the efficacy of chemical insecticides against sugarcane top borer (Scirpophaga excerptalis Walker). Nine different treatments viz. Chlorantraniliprole 0.4 G, Cartap hydrochloride 4 G, Fipronil 0.3 G, Carbofuran 3 G (standard check) as soil application and foliar spray of Chlorantraniliprole 18.5 SC, Thiodicarp 75 WP, Spinosad 45 SC, Chlorpyrifos 20 EC (standard check) and one untreated check (control) were used in randomized complete block design with three replications. The top borer susceptible genotype, Co 0238 was planted on February and single application of these insecticides was done on July at brood stage against top borers. The lowest 10.65 and 12.43, 13.68, 14.61, 14.15 percentage of top borer damage was found in foliar application of Chlorantraniliprole @ 35g a.i. /ha followed by Spinosad @ 125g a.i. /ha and soil application of Cartap hydrochloride @ 1500g a.i /ha and foliar application of Thiodicarp @ 1500g a.i. /ha and Fipronil @ 100g a.i. /ha. The infestation percentage reduction over control was found highest in Chlorantraniliprole (69.40%) followed by Spinosad (64.29%) treated plots. Furthermore, the cane yield was highest in Chlorantraniliprole (92.30 mt/ha) and Spinosad (90.06 mt/ha) treated plots than that of other insecticide treated plots. The number of millable canes and cane diameter in the plots among the treatment was found non-significant. Based on the infestation reduction rate, foliar application of the chemical insecticide (Chlorantraniliprole 18.5 SC and Spinosad 45 SC) could be better option for chemical management of sugarcane top borer.
Innovation Practices at Makerspaces in Egypt, Tunisia and Morocco

This article sets out findings from research exploring approaches to innovation at makerspaces in Egypt, Tunisia, and Morocco. Based on interviews with individuals involved in makerspaces in each country—seven spaces in Egypt, two in Tunisia, and one in Morocco—we provide findings on the origins and general characteristics of the spaces, as well as findings on five core themes that emerged from the interviews: knowledge-sharing; innovation and product development; openness, collaboration, and innovation ownership; attitudes towards intellectual property (IP); and scaling.
Adaptive capacity of winegrape varieties cultivated in Greece to climate change: current trends and future projections

Aim: This research aimed to: (1) investigate the relationships between harvest dates and berry composition with air temperature during important periods during the growing season, across a range of indigenous and international winegrape varieties grown in wine regions over the majority of Greece; (2) calculate growing degree-days (GDD) from 1st of April until the harvest date of each variety and group the winegrape varieties according to their heat requirements; and (3) predict future harvest dates based upon these heat requirements under different representative emission pathways (i.e., RCP4.5 and RCP8.5) and future time periods (2041-2065 and 2071-2095) using an ensemble projection dataset.Methods and results: The analysis of heat requirements based on GDD from 1st of April to harvest date identified consistent maturity groups of the varieties studied, especially for indigenous Greek varieties. Trend analysis using the basic linear regression model showed that harvest dates have shifted earlier, during the last few decades, due to warmer conditions (especially during the ripening period) in most cases. In addition, trends in potential alcohol (acid) levels were found to be positively (negatively) correlated with maximum air temperatures in the majority of cases. Analysis of future projections using a global multi-climate model ensemble dataset (10 regional climate models) showed that harvest dates are projected to shift earlier up to 40 days in two future time periods (i.e., 2041-2065 and 2071-2095) depending on the variety and the emission pathway.Conclusions: Harvest dates of the early ripening varieties were associated more with the variations in maximum air temperatures during March to July, while mid- and late ripening varieties appeared to be affected more by maximum air temperatures during the ripening period. In addition, late ripening, mostly indigenous, varieties were less impacted by temperature increases compared to international varieties.Significance of the study: The indigenous Greek varieties appear better adapted to the recent and projected future climate of the region, responding less to warming as compared to international varieties in the majority of the study cases.
P–V equation of state for Fe2P and pressure-induced phase transition in Fe3P

As part of our ongoing investigations of elasticity and high-pressure stability in the Fe–P system, we have measured the room-temperature bulk modulus (K 0T) of Fe2P, barringerite, to 8 GPa using in situ synchrotron X-ray diffraction and diamond anvil cells. A second-order fit (i.e. dK/dP fixed at 4) to our experimental data using the Birch–Murnaghan equation of state produces a K 0T of 165±3 GPa. This value is ∼4% less than the experimental values for Fe3P. For comparison with the experimental data, we have also performed first-principle theoretical calculations on this phase. For ferromagnetic Fe2P at zero pressure, we find that the magnetic moments increase rapidly for a Hubbard U>1 eV and are significantly higher than observed experimentally. Thus, our results support previous findings that magnetism in Fe2P is largely itinerant with at most a minor component due to on-site correlation in the iron-3d shell. Additionally, we present new high-pressure diffraction data for a natural Fe3P, schreibersite, sample which conclusively demonstrate that a first-order phase transformation occurs between 15 and 20 GPa.
The Determinant Factors of KAI Access Awareness in PT. Kereta Api Indonesia from Millennial Generation Perspective

PT. Kereta Api Indonesia (Persero), as a monopoly train company in Indonesia, launches KAI Access which has been downloaded by more than 5 million users, but only about 1,1 million users are active. The research intended to determine the relationship between brand experience, brand trust, perceived quality of customer satisfaction, and brand awareness in the minds of KAI Access consumers. The research used primary data with millennial populations by 986.775 and purposive sampling method with 400 KAI Access users spread over 9 Daops (operational areas) of PT. Kereta Api Indonesia in Java with a Partial Least Square (PLS) analysis approach. The results show that brand experience and perceived quality have a positive effect on customer satisfaction while brand trust has a negative effect. Whereas customer satisfaction and brand experience are directly proportional to brand awareness.
Recolonizing wolves and opportunistic foxes: interference or facilitation?

The mechanisms of interactions among carnivore species range from facilitation (mainly through increased availability of prey carcasses) to competition. We assessed the potential for facilitative/competitive interactions between the two most widespread carnivores in the world, the wolf and the red fox, in a prey-rich area recently recolonized by the apex predator. One could expect that the superior competitor would ecologically suppress the inferior one, leading to avoidance of the former by the latter. In a Mediterranean coastal area (2017–2018), we assessed spatiotemporal and dietary interspecific overlap and investigated whether the recovery of wolves affected food habits of foxes. Spatiotemporal overlap was extensive (0.84–0.89). Wild ungulates were the staple of the wolf diet (~88–90%); foxes used mainly invertebrates and fruits (~78%), with ungulates being a substantial food category (13% of diet; 66% of occurrences among vertebrate prey). Interspecific dietary overlap was low (0.23), but extensive (0.89) for vertebrate prey. In comparison to a preceding wolf-free period, the volume and occurrence of large mammals in the diet of foxes showed a 2.8- to 3.5-fold increase. Apparently, foxes did not avoid wolves, which provided additional food to the foxes as prey leftovers. In a rich community, the presence of wolves may increase the food spectrum of foxes. Temporal variation of facilitation vs. competition should be assessed in relationship to spatiotemporal changes of predator–prey numbers.
Short communication: Multiscalar roughness length decomposition in fluvial systems using a transform-roughness correlation (TRC) approach

Abstract. In natural open-channel flows over complex surfaces, a wide range of superimposed roughness elements may contribute to flow resistance. Gravel-bed rivers present a particularly interesting example of this kind of multiscalar flow resistance problem, as both individual grains and bedforms may contribute to the roughness length. In this paper, we propose a novel method of estimating the relative contribution of different physical scales of in-channel topography to the total roughness length, using a transform-roughness correlation (TRC) approach. The technique, which uses a longitudinal profile, consists of (1) a wavelet transform which decomposes the surface into roughness elements occurring at different wavelengths and (2) a “roughness correlation” that estimates the roughness length (ks) associated with each wavelength based on its geometry alone. When applied to original and published laboratory experiments with a range of channel morphologies, the roughness correlation estimates the total ks to approximately a factor of 2 of measured values but may perform poorly in very steep channels with low relative submergence. The TRC approach provides novel and detailed information regarding the interaction between surface topography and fluid dynamics that may contribute to advances in hydraulics, bedload transport, and channel morphodynamics.
Family structure, the quality of family ties, and the positive development of adolescents: the family social capital of grandparents in low-income Singaporean families

ABSTRACT Low fertility rates and an ageing population have resulted in smaller and increasingly non-nuclear Singaporean families, where the geographical proximity of nuclear and extended family members increases their accessibility to one another. This cross-sectional study of 107 adolescents from low-income families, involving five social service agencies, finds that those in two-parent households without access to a grandparent exhibit more positive development than those in single-parent households with access to a grandparent, suggesting that grandparents do not necessarily substitute absent parents. The study also demonstrates the need to evaluate different measures of family structure, quality of family ties, and grandparental needs.