Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Labour Market Flexibility in Indian Industry: A Critical Survey of the Literature

This paper critically reviews the growing literature on the relationship between India’s supposedly ‘restrictive’ labour laws and poor performance on a range of industrial and social indicators. I first summarize the main claims of this literature, and the construction of the indices that it uses to measure inter-state differences in labour regulation. I show, on the basis of a detailed textual analysis of the relevant laws, that the original authors made multiple errors in coding the legal provisions, and that later contributors to the literature misinterpreted the resulting indices as measures of labour market flexibility. I then highlight some econometric issues that undermine their findings, and the difficulties involved in replicating their analyses with a ‘corrected’ and updated indicator. In the course of this discussion, I briefly describe some very recent changes in the labour laws. I go on to point out some flaws in recent papers: they inaccurately capture the employment thresholds at which different sections of the law become applicable; they ignore reasons other than labour regulations for why firms choose to stay small; and they ignore other forms of flexible employment while creating a misleading dichotomy between contract workers and ‘permanent’ workers. I conclude by summarizing evidence of growing de facto flexibility in Indian industry and deteriorating labour market outcomes for workers, without any de jure changes in the regulatory framework.
Modeling the Dependency of Analog Circuit Performance Parameters on Manufacturing Process Variations With Applications in Sensitivity Analysis and Yield Prediction

There is a consistent dependence between integrated circuits (ICs) performance parameters and manufacturing process variations and capturing it at an early development phase represents a major ongoing topic in the semiconductor industry. Typically, this is addressed by the means of Monte Carlo (MC) simulations, where the device model parameters are randomly instantiated according to the technology variations based on a predefined nominal process. Thus, the resulted simulation data can only capture the effect of these variations. This offers little or no insight on the performance’s sensitivities to specific process variations or on the effect of altered statistical technology properties, as it may be the case of process drift or fab-to-fab migration. This article proposes a methodology for modeling the dependency of the device performances (i.e., electrical parameters—EPs) with the influential technology parameters (i.e., process control monitor parameters—PCMs), at an early stage (preSilicon). Using a set of standard MC co-simulations of PCM structures and the circuit schematics (to maintain consistent process variation), it employs a feature selection step to choose the influential PCMs and it trains a machine learning regression algorithm. Both are wrapped up in a Bayesian optimization (BO) framework to find the optimal feature set and the regression hyperparameters. The obtained regression model can explain the functional dependency of the EP on the influential PCMs. Thus, it directly enables sensitivity analysis (SA) to process variation and parametric yield prediction of the IC, as it will be illustrated for the case of an experimental Infineon Technologies product.
The construction and validation of the model for predicting the incidence and prognosis of brain metastasis in lung cancer patients

Background Brain metastasis (BM) causes high morbidity and mortality rates in lung cancer (LC) patients. The present study aims to develop models for predicting the development and prognosis of BM using a large LC cohort. Methods A total of 266,522 LC cases diagnosed between 2010 and 2016 were selected from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program cohort. Risk factors for developing BM and prognosis were calculated by univariable and multivariable logistic and Cox regression analysis, respectively, and nomograms were constructed based on risk factors. Nomogram performance was evaluated with receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve, or C-index and calibration curve. Results The prevalence of BM was 13.33%. Associated factors for developing BM include: advanced age; Asian or Pacific Islander race; uninsured status; primary tumor site; higher T stage; higher N stage; poorly differentiated grade; the presence of lung, liver, and bone metastases; and adenocarcinoma histology. Median overall survival (OS) was 4 months; associated prognosis factors were similar to risk factors plus female gender, unmarried status, and surgery. The calibration curve showed good agreement between predicted and actual probability, and the AUC/C-index was 73.1% (95% CI: 72.6–73.6%) and 0.88 (95% CI: 0.87–0.89) for risk and prognosis predictive models, respectively. Conclusions BM was highly developed in LC patients, and homogeneous and heterogeneous factors were found between risk and prognosis for BM. The nomogram showed good performance in predicting BM development and prognosis.
Equivalent Circuit Models for Metasurfaces Using Floquet Modal Expansion of Surface Current Distributions

This work presents a fully analytical method for obtaining equivalent circuit models (ECMs) that predict the magnitude and phase of scattering parameters for reflectarray (RA) and/or metasurface (MTS) unit cells. The proposed ECM is derived from a Floquet modal expansion of surface currents and does not rely on full-wave simulations. Analytical functions are used to represent the current distribution on the unit cell, and the proposed ECM is validated against full-wave simulations for several RA/MTS element types including loaded loops, dogbone and symmetric cross unit cells, and is shown to be accurate under normal and oblique incidence conditions, thus providing a fast and efficient design tool for deriving the scattering parameters of patch-like unit cells in the initial design process. As this approach allows for modeling unit cells loaded using lumped components such as varactor diodes, it can also be used to derive the dynamic response of tunable RA and MTS unit cells.
Random walk on finite extensions of lattices

We obtain a precise formula for the probability that a random walker returns to the origin after n steps on some semi-direct product groups obtained by extending a Euclidean lattice by a finite group. Prior to this work, to the best of our knowledge, for the class of groups considered, only asymptotic estimates were available in the literature.
Estimation of Driver Vigilance Status Using Real-Time Facial Expression and Deep Learning

Drowsiness is responsible for many fatal accidents on highways. Accuracy and performance are key metrics related to many researched techniques for the detection of drivers’ drowsiness. To improve these metrics, a new driver's vigilance detection system based on deep learning is proposed based on facial region diagnosis using the Haar-cascade method and convolutional neural network for drowsiness detection. Evaluation analysis of the proposed system on the University of Texas at Arlington-Real-Life Drowsiness Dataset (UTA-RLDD) dataset with stratified five-fold cross-validation showed a high accuracy of 96.8% at a speed of 8.4 frames per second, which is higher than most algorithms previously reported in the literature. For further investigation, a custom dataset including ten participants in different light conditions was collected. The conducted experiments showed the great potential of the proposed system for practical applications in intelligent transportation systems.
An IoT-Based Design Using Accelerometers in Animal Behavior Recognition Systems

Cow behavior recognition systems support the assessment of cows’ condition by providing their behavior information. Accelerometers are particularly suited for a non-invasive solution for the development of these monitoring systems. They are cheap and simple in setting up and providing high-performance recognition when using machine learning algorithms. The activity complexity of animals brings challenges in real context applications because different behaviors may have similar acceleration data. The reason is that they contain similar gestures, for example, feeding and standing. In our previous work, we proposed a cows’ behavior classifier based on leg-mounted acceleration data. The distinguishing of similar behaviors, such as feeding and standing, is limited by the data. This study presents a new efficient cow behavior recognition system based on combining leg-mounted and collar-mounted accelerometers. Significantly, the acceleration data from these two sensors were synchronized. Therefore, we can substantially expand the amount of information for classification purposes. Our approach identifies four cow behaviors: walking, feeding, lying, and standing. Random Forest algorithm with our extracted features (root mean square, standard deviation, and mean) and 16-second data window (a sample/second) offer excellent performance when identifying all concerning behaviors: feeding (0.914 accuracy, 0.884 sensitivity, 0.956 positive predictive value), lying (0.998, 0.996, 1), standing (0.88, 0.928, 0.842), and walking (0.998, 0.996, 0.998). These performances are better than other existing works, especially in our experiments with free-grazing cows.
Identification of PD-1 ligands: PD-L1 and PD-L2 on macrophages in lung cancer milieu by flow cytometry

Background The efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) remains unexpected and in some patients the resistance to anti-programmed death-1 (anti-PD-1) and anti-programmed death ligand 1 (anti-PD-L1) agents is observed. One of possible explanation may be PD-L2 activity. PD-1 ligands: PD-L1 and PD-L2 are present on cancer cells but also, not without significance, on alveolar macrophages (AMs) contributing to immune-suppression in the tumor microenvironment. The aim of this study was to analyse PD-L2, PD-L1 expression on AMs in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) in relation to PD-1 positive T lymphocytes. Methods Seventeen patients with lung cancer were investigated. BALF cells from the lung with cancer (clBALF) and from the opposite “healthy” lung (hlBALF) and peripheral blood (PB) lymphocytes were investigated. Flow cytometry method was used. Results We found that 100% of CD68+ AMs from the clBALF were PD-L1 and PD-L2-positive. Unexpectedly, fluorescence minus one (FMO) PD-L1 and PD-L2 stained controls and isotype controls also showed strong autofluorescence. The hlBALF AMs exhibited a similar PD-L1 and PD-L2 autofluorescence. The median proportion of PD-1+ T lymphocytes was higher in the clBALF than the hlBALF and PB (28.9 vs. 23.4% vs. 15.6%, P=0.0281). Conclusions We discussed the opportunities of exploring the PD-1-PD-L1/PD-L2 pathway in the lung cancer environment, which may help to find new potential biomarkers for immunotherapy. We concluded that precise identification by flow cytometry of macrophages in the BALF is possible, but our study showed that the autofluorescence of macrophages did not allow to assess a real expression of PD-L2 as well as PD-L1 on AMs.
When the “Strong Arms” Leave the Farms—Migration, Gender Roles and Risk Reduction in Vietnam

For many family farms, migration is one strategy for reducing poverty and vulnerability to both natural hazards and economic risk. While more men typically migrate to work, the implications of this on the household are inconclusive, especially for the women who remain on the farms. This study employs a gender lens to examine the effects of economically driven migration on household decision-making, farm labor and disaster risk reduction, focusing on two disaster-prone regions with high poverty rates in Vietnam: Dien Bien (Northwest) and Ha Tinh (North Central Coast) provinces. Surveys of 228 households with at least one migrant worker showed a new generation of young male and female migrants, and that men over 30 years of age migrated for longer periods and more frequently than their spouses. Intrahousehold impacts differed according to risk strategies. In areas with a lower-risk coping strategy (Dien Bien), seasonal jobs coincided with periods of less intense farming activities. During the absence of male family members, women temporarily made more domestic decisions. In areas with a higher-risk adaptation strategy (Ha Tinh), farming was planned for longer absences; thus decisions remained largely unchanged. Remittances invested into agriculture contributed to shortening the recovery period after disasters and, in some cases, diversifying farming systems. The migrant’s absence was offset by relatives and neighbors as essential labor reserves. New resilient farming systems need to be disaster proof, gender-sensitive and free up labor.
Levosimendan for management of cardiogenic shock with electrical storm - A case report

Background: Levosimendan, an inotrope and vasodilator, is a second-line treatment for cardiogenic shock. One of its main advantages is its prolonged effect compared to Dobutamine. Case presentation: Our reports show two cases of successful treatment with levosimendan involving patients presenting in a state of cardiogenic shock with electrical storm, which had never been described before. Levosimendan infusion, with no initial bolus dose, enabled us to correct the low cardiac output in both cases, with no secondary rhythm disturbances. Apart from the absence of any pro-arrhythmic effect, infusion of Levosimendan allowed a double angioplasty to be performed under optimal haemodynamic conditions in the first case; and provided us sufficient time to reflect on implantable cardioverter defibrillator implantation with resynchronization due to its conversion into active metabolites in the second case. Conclusion: Through the neutral effects of levosimendan on heart rhythm and the absence of Myocardial oxygen consumption (MvO2) increasing, these two cases show the feasibility and safety of levosimendan treatment in this indication; and emphasise levosimendan’s lack of pro-arrhythmic effect when used without a bolus dose. its its prolonged effect This discusses two clinical cases of patients to care with shock and treated by Levosimendan. these two cases, we will discuss the absence of a pro-arrhythmic effect.
Relationship between radon concentration and physicochemical parameters in groundwater of Erbil city, Iraq

ABSTRACT This study portrays the relationship between Radon activity concentration and physicochemical parameters in groundwater in Erbil city, Iraq. Primary data of groundwater samples were collected from five different zones in Erbil, during February 2019. Water samples were collected for both Radon measurement and physicochemical analysis. Water samples were taken from 24 different wells as a reference, then directly measured their radioactivity at the laboratory of Erbil Environment Office. Dissolved Radon in a sampled groundwater has been measured using an electronic Radon detector RAD 7. Determination of various parameters such as , total dissolved solids, total hardness, Sulfate, and Magnesium in groundwater has also been measured. Moreover, regression analysis illustrated that there is no significant relationship observed between , , and hardness, Sulfate, and Magnesium with Radon activity concentration because these are no significant at the 95% confidence level. Otherwise, the correlation of determinate ( ) values show the relationship between Sulfate and Magnesium with Radon concentration because these are significant at the 95% confidence level. All measurements were done in almost identical environmental conditions to avoid the minor differences in meteorological parameters.
Sensing Characteristics of Toxic C₄F₇N Decomposition Products on Metallic- Nanoparticle Co-Doped BN Monolayer: A First Principles Study

Based on micro-nano sensing technology, the structural and electronic characteristics of metal-doped boron nitride monolayer are investigated by first principles. The existing nano sensors have practical problems, such as no selectivity, too strong adsorption capacity to be recycled, too weak adsorption capacity to obtain sufficient response. We explore the use of a highly sensitive recyclable nano sensor that is best suited for sensing function. Gas adsorption properties for the toxic decomposition gases of C4F7 N are further developed. We select the N-vacancy with the highest binding energies, which are −6.34 eV when doped by Co atom. The strong interaction and suitable adsorption energy between the activated atoms of adsorbent and gases prove their unique adsorption properties. Since no new chemical bonds are formed, it is obvious that systems are in the form of physical adsorption, which proves their ideal desorption properties. In addition, the conductivity increases to different degrees due to the redistribution of electrons, which proves excellent selectivity. Hence, we propose the use of Co-BNN nanomaterial for the detection of C4F7N toxic decomposition gases. Results would serve as instructive reference for the investigation of resistive gas-sensitive sensors.
Students’ Problems in Reading Narrative Text

Reading is important on every level of education; however, it is not all students success at reading. The troubles that they face are critical to discover. Hence, this investigation under this research aims to find the understudies' issues in story text reading. The researchers employed a qualitative approach with descriptive method. The setting was at SMPN 2 Kandangan. A number of 59 eighth grade students were involved in this study. The data were collected by using a questionnaire, interview and a reading comprehension test. It is revealed that almost all participants face problems in reading narrative text. The problems are determining main ideas, finding detailed information, making inference, identifying reference, and understanding meaning of words. The researchers suggested the English teacher to utilize cooperative learning strateg and teach technique to find vocabulary meaning by using clues.
Generation of a random anisotropic incompressible turbulent velocity field in accordance with the calculated flow statistics

On the base of Randomized Spectral Method (RSM), a new stochastic algorithm for the generation of homogeneous anisotropic turbulent velocity fields has been developed. This technique provides incompressibility of the obtained velocity field realizations simultaneously with the two main required statistical properties—the Reynolds-stress tensor and the turbulent energy spectrum. The method is computationally efficient and can easily be extended to the case of inhomogeneous turbulence.
What can hedonic motivation do on decisions to use online learning services?

The advancement of the internet and technology encourages the creation of innovations in various industries in Indonesia. Technology is the key determinant of the competitiveness of the 4.0 industrial revolution so that every organization and individual, including educators and students, can achieve many things. Online-based learning systems result in changes in the behavior of Indonesian consumers who choose learning without time and space boundaries. This study aims to determine how hedonic motivation can influence decisions to use online learning services. This research used quantitative analysis through a survey method that is processed using SMART PLS. The results of this study indicate that hedonic motivation will first influence purchase intention and then influence the decision to use services.
Longitudinal Influence of Behavioral Health, Emotional Health, and Student Involvement on College Student Retention

Abstract:Student attrition in higher education is a pervasive problem. In this analysis, we used a longitudinal sample of nearly 10,000 university students to examine the relative importance of social, behavioral, and interpersonal factors on student retention over time. Our findings show that increased depressive symptoms, antisocial behaviors, exposure to stressful events, and substance use are consistently related to increased risk of dropping out of college. Our findings also show that protective factors related to student involvement are most effective in students' earlier years of college. These findings support administrative efforts to maximize student retention by engaging newer students and addressing student behavioral health concerns.
Experimental Investigation of Aperiodic Bubbling from Submerged Capillary-tube Orifices in Liquid Pools

ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENT . v TABLE OF CONTENTS . vi LIST OF FIGURES . viii LIST OF TABLES . xi NOMENCLATURE . xii CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION . 1 Motivation . 3 Scope of Study . 4 CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW . 5 CHAPTER 3: EXPERIMENTAL METHOD AND MATERIALS . 14 CHAPTER 4: RESULTS AND DISCUSSION . 18 Aperiodic Bubble Formation in Pure Liquids . 21 Effect of orifice diameter: . 21 Bubble behavior in the double bubble regime . 26 Bubble behavior in the quadruple bubble regime . 29 Effect of Fluid Properties: . 32 Effect of fluid properties on transition between regimes: . 32 Effect of fluid properties on bubble behavior: . 37
Effect of Exercise-Based Cardiac Rehabilitation on Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Adults with Congenital Heart Disease

Background: The purpose of this study was to investigate whether patients with adult congenital heart disease (ACHD) benefit from exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation (CR) shortand long-term with regard to improvement of cardiorespiratory fitness.Methods: Cardiopulmonary exercise tests (CPET) completed by ACHD patients between January 2000 and October 2019 were analysed retrospectively. Linear mixed models were performed for peak oxygen consumption (VO2) with patients as random effect and age, sex, disease classification, preceding surgery (≤3 months) and preceding CR (≤4 weeks for short term and >4 weeks for long term) as fixed effects. Results: 1056 CPETs of 311 ACHD patients with simple (7), moderate (188) or great (116) complexity heart defects were analysed. The 59 patients who completed a CR (median age 27 yrs, 38% females) increased peak VO2 from before to after CR by a median of 2.7 (IQR –0.6 to 5.5) ml/kg/min. However, in the multivariate mixed model, peak VO2 was non-significantly increased short-term after CR (β 0.8, 95%CI –0.7 to 2.4), not maintained long-term after CR (β 0.0, 95%CI –1.7 to 1.6) but significantly reduced after surgery (β –5.1, 95%CI –7.1 to –3.1). The 20 CR patients after surgery increased their peak VO2 by 6.2 (IQR 3.6–9.5) ml/kg/min, while the 39 CR patients without preceding surgery increased it by 0.9 (IQR –1.5 to 3.1) ml/kg/min. Conclusions: The increase in peak VO2 with CR was mainly due to recovery from surgical intervention. The small independent benefit from CR was not maintained long-term, highlighting the potential to improve current CR concepts in ACHD populations.