Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Game‐based learning for better decision‐making: A collision prevention training for maritime transportation engineering students

Ship collision is a form of maritime accident that possess great threats to transportation safety, economy, and human lives. Deck watchkeeping officers who oversee the safe navigation of the ships are responsible for preventing these collision accidents. Yet, most of the collisions are directly linked to the human errors onboard. One way to reduce these human errors is to train competent navigation officers for collision avoidance situations. However, training maritime students for complex collision situations is a challenging task. This study aims to examine if game‐based learning (GBL) can help students to perform better in collision avoidance situations by providing them the necessary skills to properly identify risks, goals, and cues in collision situations. With this purpose, we developed a digital game‐based decision‐making training containing eight collisions at sea scenarios. The developed tool was then presented to maritime engineering students as supplementary training. Thirty undergraduate maritime transportation engineering students participated in the study. A pretest/posttest control group design was adopted to investigate the effects of GBL. Tests are conducted with the use of a full mission bridge simulator. Observed changes in situational awareness, decision making, navigation, and collision avoidance performance of the participants were analyzed. The results showed that the intervention group had small but significant improvements in all dimensions compared to the control group. Overall, the game‐based decision‐making training helped students to reach a better understanding of the related course material. Required efforts and challenges to develop and incorporate such training into the existing maritime curriculum are discussed.
Justifying Dissent

Dissentplaysanimportantroleinanysociety,butdissentersareoftensilenced through social sanctions. Beyond their persuasive effects, rationales providing arguments supporting dissenters’ causes can increase the public expression of dissent by providing a “social cover” for voicing otherwise stigmatized positions. Motivatedbyasimpletheoreticalframework,weexperimentallyshowthatliberals are more willing to post a tweet opposing the movement to defund the police, are seen as less prejudiced, and face lower social sanctions when their tweet implies they had ﬁrst read credible scientiﬁc evidence supporting their position. Analogous experiments with conservatives demonstrate that the same mechanisms facilitate anti-immigrant expression. Our ﬁndings highlight both the power of rationales and their limitations in enabling dissent and shed light on phenomena such as social movements, political correctness, propaganda, and antiminority behavior.
Nonlinearities and Timescales in Temporal Interference Stimulation

In temporal interference (TI) stimulation, neuronal cells react to two interfering sinusoidal electric fields with a slightly different frequency. It was previously seen that for the same input intensity, the neurons do not react to a purely sinusoidal signal. This study aims to get a better understanding of the mechanism underlying TI neuromodulation, which is largely unknown. To this end, single-compartment models are used to simulate computationally the response of neurons to the sinusoidal and TI waveform. This study compares different neuron models to get insight into which models are able to reproduce the experimental observations. It was found that integrate- and-fire models do not entirely reflect the experimental behavior while the Hodgkin-Huxley and Frankenhaeuser-Huxley model do reflect this behavior. Changing the characteristics of the ion gates in the Frankenhaeuser-Huxley model alters the response to both the sinusoidal and TI signal, possibly reducing the firing threshold of the sinusoidal input below that of the TI input. The model results show that TI stimulation is not qualitatively impacted by nonlinearities in the current-voltage relation. In contrast, ion channels have a significant impact on the neuronal response. This paper makes advances both in terms of biophysical insight into the neuron as well as the insight in computational modelling of TI stimulation.
Effects of A High-Person-Centered Response to Commenters Who Disagree on Readers’ Positive Attitudes toward A News Outlet’s Facebook Page

Abstract This study examined what type of response to commenters who disagree led to more positive attitudes toward a news organization’s Facebook page. Results of two experiments, one in Germany (n = 764) and one in the United States (n = 763), found that a high-person-centered (HPC) response, which acknowledges people’s emotions, led to more positive attitudes toward the news organization’s Facebook page, compared with a low-person-centered (LPC) response, which dismisses people’s feelings. This held true for both German and American participants, regardless of whether the comments were civil or not. In both countries, positive evaluations of the organization’s Facebook page were heightened if journalists, rather than news users, responded to the commenters. Results are discussed in relation to the verbal person-centered (VPC) theory of social supportive outcomes.
Patients´ Anxiety Related to Dental Radiographic Examinations: Levels, Perception and Management

˚ ABSTRACT: This study evaluated patients« anxiety levels related to dental radiographic examinations in addition to dentists(cid:213) perception and management. Salivary alpha-amylase (sAA) activity of 47 patients was measured before and after exposure to radiographic examinations to assess their anxiety level and compared using Wilcoxon test. Mann-Whitney test assessed the sAA activity related to sex, type of examination, and previous experience with radiographic examinations. 50 dentists were interviewed using a semi-structured script containing open-ended questions perception on their patients’ anxiety. Before the radiographic examination, sAA activity was significantly higher for women (p £ 0.05). SAA activity significantly increased after the examination for men, patients of both sexes with no previous experience and for those who underwent CBCT (p £ 0.05). Anxiety was reported to be observed in adult patients(cid:213) speech and pediatric patients(cid:213) behavior. Dental radiographic examinations may be a source of anxiety for women before the examination. After the examination, men, patients with no previous experience, and those subjected to CBCT present higher anxiety levels. Dentists perceive anxiety in adult and pediatric patients differently.
Systematic Screening for SARS-CoV-2 to Detect Asymptomatic Infections: An Epitome of Taiwan's Outbreak

Background Increased studies have revealed that asymptomatic carriers substantially impact the epidemic and that asymptomatic transmission is very common. Therefore, the asymptomatic transmission threat to the spread of the pandemic should not be neglected. Methods The local outbreak in Taiwan, especially in Taipei City, is unprecedented and paramount and has claimed hundreds of lives, tens of thousands of cases, and enormous economic costs. As care providers and gatekeepers of infectious diseases, Taipei City Hospital has to perform regular polymerase chain reaction (PCR) results of admitted patients and healthcare workers (HCWs) to achieve these goals. Results In this study, the results revealed a low positive rate of less than 1%, but the asymptomatic proportions could range from 42% to 46%, which bolsters that systematic screening was effective in controlling coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) of Novel Coronavirus or Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) and might be an exemplar to other similar scenarios. Universal screening of admitted patients may be important and necessary, especially in asymptomatic patients. Conclusions Regular screening for healthcare providers is also important during this pandemic, and it is recommended that admitted patients and healthcare providers undergo systemic PCR testing.
New Process of Copper Smelting with Oxygen Enriched Bottom Blowing Technology

The new process of copper smelting with oxygen enriched bottom blowing has many advantages,such as: higher oxygen enrichment,high smelting intensity,high oxygen pressure,high negative pressure;high oxygen lance life,high efficiency of pyretic smelting;matte grade can be easily controlled,etc.
Factors Impacting Heads of Department’s Management of Teaching and Learning in Primary Schools: A South African Perspective

The purpose of this study was to explore factors impacting heads of department’s management of teaching and learning at primary schools in South Africa. The study was based on the Hersey-Blanchard Situational Leadership Model. It adopted a concurrent triangulation mixed-methods research design which combined the positivist and interpretivist paradigms. The sample consisted of 60 heads of department, who responded to a questionnaire, and another additional 10 heads of department who were interviewed. Simple random sampling was used to select the respondents to the questionnaire while purposive sampling was used to select the interviewees. The findings revealed factors such as, inter alia, a lack of administrative and financial support, lack of parental involvement, lack of learner academic development, poor working conditions, insufficient supply of learning support materials, and lack of laboratories. Therefore, this study recommends that there should be sufficient time allocation for heads of department to balance the management of teaching and learning with other roles attached to their job description as outlined in the Personnel Administrative Measures (PAM). Heads of department should be trained and be developed to support teachers and learners to enhance the quality of teaching and learning. They should share the challenges that are experienced in the classrooms with parents to be in a position that enables parents to help teachers. School-parent collaboration will enhance effective management by heads of department. Moreover, the Department of Basic Education officials should provide sustained administrative and financial support to enhance department heads’ management of teaching and learning in primary schools.
Prevalence of Urogenital Schistosomiasis and its Implication on Control Efforts Among School Pupils in Ogun State, Southwest Nigeria

Background: Schistosomiasis causes anaemia, stunting, and cognitive impairment in children, which impairs school performance. Government coordinated school-based preventive chemotherapy with donated praziquantel has been primarily used for schistosomiasis control in Ogun State, necessitating the need to monitor treatment coverage and its effect on schistosomiasis burden. Methods: We screened 422 pupils aged 1-14 years old for Schistosoma haematobium in June 2018 using the filtration technique. KAP data and socio-demographic characteristics of participants were also recorded. Results: Out of 422 screened pupils, 59 (14%) tested positive using the filtration method. Peak prevalence (31.6%) occurred in pupils under five years. Heavy infection intensity occurred in 3.4% of the infected population. KAP studies revealed that 55% knew schistosomiasis was linked to urinating blood. Symptoms experienced main-ly were diarrhoea (44.6%), stomach ache (29.7 %), and fever (13.5 %). Pipe-borne water (48.2%), well water (28.7%), and stream water (23.1%) were the major sources of water for household chores. Investigations on excreta disposal showed that 70.3% defecated in latrines, 17.3% in the bush, and 12.4% in water closets. About 54.7% had contact with a stream, while 74.2% were dewormed in the last six months. Conclusion: Children below five years old should be included in the Ogun State’s Ministry of Health’s treatment efforts. Health education should be intensified in the study areas because the population visiting streams and openly defaecating will continue undermining the Ogun State Ministry of Health’s treatment efforts. Our study will serve as an evidence base for refining control measures and effectively utilising already scarce resources.
Beta HPV8 E6 Induces Micronuclei Formation and Promotes Chromothripsis

Cutaneous beta genus human papillomaviruses (β-HPV) are suspected to promote the development of non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC) by destabilizing the host genome. Multiple studies have established the genome destabilizing capacities of β-HPV proteins E6 and E7 as a co-factor with UV. However, the E6 protein from β-HPV8 (HPV8 E6) induces tumors in mice without UV exposure. Here, we examined a UV-independent mechanism of HPV8 E6-induced genome destabilization. We showed that HPV8 E6 reduced the abundance of anaphase bridge resolving helicase, Bloom syndrome protein (BLM). The diminished BLM was associated with increased segregation errors and micronuclei. These HPV8 E6-induced micronuclei had disordered micronuclear envelopes yet retained replication and transcription competence. HPV8 E6 decreased antiproliferative responses to micronuclei and time-lapse imaging revealed HPV8 E6 promoted cells with micronuclei to complete mitosis. Finally, whole genome sequencing revealed that HPV8 E6 induced chromothripsis in 9 chromosomes. These data provide insight into mechanisms by which HPV8 E6-induces genome instability independent of UV exposure. Importance Some beta genus human papillomaviruses (β-HPVs) may promote skin carcinogenesis by inducing mutations in the host genome. Supporting this, the E6 protein from β-HPV8 (8E6) promotes skin cancer in mice with or without UV exposure. Many mechanisms by which 8E6 increases mutations caused by UV have been elucidated, but less is known about how 8E6 induces mutations without UV. We address that knowledge gap by showing 8E6 causes mutations stemming from mitotic errors. Specifically, 8E6 reduces the abundance of BLM, a helicase that resolves and prevents anaphase bridges. This hinders anaphase bridge resolution and increases their frequency. 8E6 makes the micronuclei that can result from anaphase bridges more common. These micronuclei often have disrupted envelopes yet retain localization of nuclear-trafficked proteins. 8E6 promotes the growth of cells with micronuclei and causes chromothripsis, a mutagenic process where hundreds to thousands of mutations occur in a chromosome.
Calculation of Tower Impulse Grounding Resistance

By mathematical model,using optimum method-variable metric method,this paper establishes object function,and accurately solves parameters of double exponential function.By Fourier series,this paper transforms double exponential function into the sum of many sinusoidal functions.And high amplitude lightning current is fed to grounding grids,spark discharge will be generated.The paper substitutes the spark discharge of soils with the increment of the equivalent radius of grounding branch.When equivalent radius of branch are very large,the paper introduces the influence of equivalent radiuses on the depth of embedment of grounding branch.By field-circuit coupling theory,the parameters in impulse current of grounding grids are obtained by using nodal voltage method.The whole calculations are a gradually approximate process.The paper computes some specific cases,and presents some reference for practical engineering.
Brain Connectivity and Network Analysis in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease with no effective treatment or cure. ALS is characterized by the death of lower motor neurons (LMNs) in the spinal cord and upper motor neurons (UMNs) in the brain and their networks. Since the lower motor neurons are under the control of UMN and the networks, cortical degeneration may play a vital role in the pathophysiology of ALS. These changes that are not apparent on routine imaging with CT scans or MRI brain can be identified using modalities such as diffusion tensor imaging, functional MRI, arterial spin labelling (ASL), electroencephalogram (EEG), magnetoencephalogram (MEG), functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS), and positron emission tomography (PET) scan. They can help us generate a representation of brain networks and connectivity that can be visualized and parsed out to characterize and quantify the underlying pathophysiology in ALS. In addition, network analysis using graph measures provides a novel way of understanding the complex network changes occurring in the brain. These have the potential to become biomarker for the diagnosis and treatment of ALS. This article is a systematic review and overview of the various connectivity and network-based studies in ALS.
Reduced relative fitness in hatchery‐origin Pink Salmon in two streams in Prince William Sound, Alaska

Previous studies generally report that hatchery‐origin Pacific Salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.) have lower relative reproductive success (RRS) than their natural‐origin counterparts. We estimated the RRS of Pink Salmon (O. gorbuscha) in Prince William Sound (PWS), Alaska using incomplete pedigrees. In contrast to other RRS studies, Pink Salmon have a short freshwater life history, freshwater habitats in PWS are largely unaltered by development, and sampling was conducted without the aid of dams or weirs resulting in incomplete sampling of spawning individuals. Pink Salmon released from large‐scale hatchery programs in PWS have interacted with wild populations for more than 15 generations. Hatchery populations were established from PWS populations but have subsequently been managed as separate broodstocks. Gene flow is primarily directional, from hatchery strays to wild populations. We used genetic‐based parentage analysis to estimate the RRS of a single generation of stray hatchery‐origin Pink Salmon in two streams, and across the odd‐ and even‐year lineages. Despite incomplete sampling, we assigned 1745 offspring to at least one parent. Reproductive success (RS), measured as sampled adult offspring that returned to their natal stream, was significantly lower for hatchery‐ vs. natural‐origin parents in both lineages, with RRS ranging from 0.03 to 0.47 for females and 0.05 to 0.86 for males. Generalized linear modeling for the even‐year lineage indicated that RRS was lower for hatchery‐origin fish, ranging from 0.42 to 0.60, after accounting for sample date (run timing), sample location within the stream, and fish length. Our results strongly suggest that hatchery‐origin strays have lower fitness in the wild. The consequences of reduced RRS on wild productivity depend on whether the mechanisms underlying reduced RRS are environmentally driven, and likely ephemeral, or genetically driven, and likely persistent across generations.
Effect of three different doses of intrathecal dexmedetomidine on subarachnoid block: a prospective randomized double-blind trial

Background: Dexmedetomidine has increasingly been used in regional anesthesia as an adjuvant, but there is still no consensus on the optimum dose when it is used intrathecally. We conducted this study to elucidate the dose-response relation between three different doses of intrathecal dexmedetomidine (2.5, 5, or 10 µg) as an adjuvant to 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine in patients undergoing elective lower abdominal and lower limb surgeries. Methodology: 90 patients, aged 18-60 y, were randomized into three groups of 30 patients each. Group A received 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine 12.5 mg (2.5 ml) with 2.5 µg dexmedetomidine, Group B received 5 µg dexmedetomidine with bupivacaine, and Group C received 10 µg dexmedetomidine with bupivacaine. Duration of the spinal sensory blockade (primary outcome), onset of the blockade, time to rescue analgesia, level of sedation, duration of motor blockade, comparison of hemodynamic variables and complications, if any were assessed. Results: There was a significant dose dependent prolongation of sensory block; Group A - 250.67 ± 51.39, Group B - 286 ± 52.76, and Group C - 351.00 ± 47.00 min; (p < 0.001), motor block; Group A - 255.53 ± 44.25, Group B - 312 ± 29.64, and Group C - 361.4 ± 16.14 min (p < 0.001). Time to two segment regression was 132.33 ± 48.29, 148.77 ± 48.89, 171.57 ± 25.46 min (p = 0.002) and time for rescue analgesia was 351.33 ± 101.19, 472.00 ± 24.41, 738.00 ± 67.79 min (p < 0.001). VAS was significantly low in Group C (p < 0.05). Intergroup hemodynamic parameters were comparable (p > 0.05) without any appreciable side effects. Conclusion: Spinal dexmedetomidine increases the sensory and motor block durations as well as time to first analgesic use, and decreases analgesic consumption in a dose-dependent manner, when used with hyperbaric bupivacaine. Abbreviations: IT - Intrathecal; ITD - Intrathecal Dexmedetomidine; SAB - Subarachnoid Block; VAS - Visual Analogue Scale; BMI - Body Mass Index; NIBP - Non-Invasive Blood Pressure; RSS - Ramsay Sedation Score; TSSR - Two segment sensory regression; ANOVA - Analysis of Variance; OSB - Onset of sensory block, TSSRT - Two segment sensory regression time; Duration of sensory blockade; OMB - Onset of motor block; DMB - Duration of motor blockade Key words: Dexmedetomidine; Bupivacaine; Anesthesia, Spinal; Dexmedetomidine; Post-operative analgesia Citation: Mowar A, Singh V, Pahade A, Karki G. Effect of three different doses of intrathecal dexmedetomidine on subarachnoid block: a prospective randomized double-blind trial. Anaesth. pain intensive care 2021;26(1):8–13; DOI: 10.35975/apic.v26i1. 1759 Received: July 24, 2021, Reviewed: November 18, 2021, Accepted: November 28, 2021
Predictors of Treatment Success After Periprosthetic Joint Infection: 24-Month Follow up From a Multicenter Prospective Observational Cohort Study of 653 Patients

Abstract Background Periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) is a devastating condition and there is a lack of evidence to guide its management. We hypothesized that treatment success is independently associated with modifiable variables in surgical and antibiotic management. Methods The is a prospective, observational study at 27 hospitals across Australia and New Zealand. Newly diagnosed large joint PJIs were eligible. Data were collected at baseline and at 3, 12, and 24 months. The main outcome measures at 24 months were clinical cure (defined as all of the following: alive, absence of clinical or microbiological evidence of infection, and not requiring ongoing antibiotic therapy) and treatment success (clinical cure plus index prosthesis still in place). Results Twenty-four-month outcome data were available for 653 patients. Overall, 449 patients (69%) experienced clinical cure and 350 (54%) had treatment success. The most common treatment strategy was debridement and implant retention (DAIR), with success rates highest in early postimplant infections (119 of 160, 74%) and lower in late acute (132 of 267, 49%) and chronic (63 of 142, 44%) infections. Selected comorbidities, knee joint, and Staphylococcus aureus infections were independently associated with treatment failure, but antibiotic choice and duration (including rifampicin use) and extent of debridement were not. Conclusions Treatment success in PJI is associated with (1) selecting the appropriate treatment strategy and (2) nonmodifiable patient and infection factors. Interdisciplinary decision making that matches an individual patient to an appropriate management strategy is a critical step for PJI management. Randomized controlled trials are needed to determine the role of rifampicin in patients managed with DAIR and the optimal surgical strategy for late-acute PJI.