Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Hemoglobinopathies Among the Gond Tribal Groups of Central India; Interaction of α- and β-Thalassemia with β Chain Variants

We have investigated the frequencies and types of alpha-thal, beta-thal, and Hb variants among nearly 200 inhabitants of villages in the Mandla and Jabalpur districts of Madhya Pradesh in Central India. Over 85% were tribals of the Gond group. alpha-Thal, as -alpha 3.7/and -alpha 4.2/, and the nondeletional Koya Dora mutation were present at the combined frequency of 0.54. There were indications for the presence of other nondeletional types of alpha-thal. alpha-Globin gene triplications were not observed. Four of the six beta-thal alleles observed were in the tribal groups; two (G----C at codon 30 and G----A at IVS-I-1) were found for the first time. The simultaneous presence of an alpha-thal (-alpha/alpha alpha or -alpha/-alpha) greatly improved the clinical and hematological condition of the patients with Hb S-beta(+)-thal (IVS-I-5; G----C). The lower frequency of alpha-thal among the beta-thal heterozygotes (f = 0.32) may indicate that some of the beta-thal alleles in the tribal populations originated from an outside source. Forty-one subjects had SS; all but one had beta S with haplotype #31, while one chromosome had haplotype #17. The presence of an alpha-thal-2 (f = 0.53) in the SS patients did not affect hematological data. The Hb F levels varied between 7.5% and 42.5% with high G gamma values. No difference in Hb F level between males and females was observed. Lower Hb F levels were present in 10 SS patients with an alpha-thal-2 homozygosity (average 16% versus 23.5% for eight SS patients with alpha alpha/alpha alpha) suggesting a decreased formation of alpha gamma dimers in severe alpha chain deficiency. Several younger SS patients (less than 10 years) also had high Hb F levels (32-42%). Variations in the sequence at -530 of the beta-globin gene; i.e. in the so-called silencer sequence, were present in all beta S chromosomes with haplotype #31, but were not considered important for understanding the variability in the Hb F level. gamma-Globin gene deletions (gamma-thal) and triplications were not observed.
A comparison of social skills in Turkish children with visual impairments, children with intellectual impairments and typically developing children

The purpose of this study was to compare the social skills of five groups of children: children with visual impairments attending inclusive education schools, children with visual impairments attending schools for the blind, children with intellectual impairments attending inclusive education schools, children with intellectual impairments attending segregated special education schools, and typically developing children. A hundred and sixty-nine children aged from 7 to 12 participated in the study. The children's social skills were rated by their teachers on the Social Skills Rating System (SSRS) – Turkish Form. The results suggested significant group differences between children attending inclusive education schools and children attending special education schools. Analysis of the findings indicated that children with visual impairments and children with intellectual impairments had poorer social skills than typically developing children; however children with visual impairments and children with intellectual impairments attending inclusive education schools had higher social skills than children attending segregated special education schools. The findings of the study were discussed and suggestions for future research were provided.
Responses of Daphnia pulex populations to toxic cyanobacteria

1. We studied the effects of toxic cyanobacteria, Microcystis aeruginosa, on Daphnia pulex populations. The experiment was performed at room temperature in laboratory microcosms to which we added toxic Microcystis in two pulses. Green alga, Scenedesmus obtusiusculus, was provided in two concentrations. 2. Microcystis exposure resulted in a decreased population density of Daphnia. The proportion of adolescents was higher in the Microcystis treatment than in the control, while the proportion of newborns did not differ significantly from the control. This indicates delayed maturation of Daphnia exposed to Microcystis. We found no significant impacts of cyanobacteria, food level or clonal origin on population variability after correcting for differences in population size. 3. Juveniles of the two clones studied showed different sensitivities to toxic Microcystis in the acute test. However, in the population experiment we did not find clonal differences between Microcystis and control treatments in the relative proportion of juveniles. 4. The number of ephippia produced per adult was highest in the treatments with Microcystis. This indicates that cyanobacterial toxins may be one of several factors inducing ephippia formation, acting directly or through inhibition of feeding.
Karyotypic studies in Solanum section Lasiocarpa (Solanaceae)

Mitotic chromosomes of 13 species included in Solanum sect. Lasiocarpa were studied. All species have 2n = 24. The chromosome numbers of S. stagnale, S. felinum, and S. repandum are reported for the first time. Statistical analyses of chromosomes, genome length, and centromere position yielded estimates of karyotype composition and asymmetry. A generalized karyotype of the section shows that most of the chromosomes are metacentric (73%) or submetacentric (25.6%). Two pairs of subtelocentric chromosomes are,present only in S. sessiliflorum. Satellites are quite common, characterizing chromosomes for ten species and are attached to the short arms of either m or sm chromosomes. They could be seen in 10% to 70% of the cells. Only S. pseudolulo bears two satellited chromosomes, one of them attached to a long chromosome arm. Although the section is chromosomally quite homogeneous, species can be distinguished by karyotype formula, presence of satellites in a particular chromosome pair, and total chromosome length. There are no indications of major chromosomal rearrangements within the section. Using cytological data exclusively, cluster analysis indicates S. sessiliflorum is isolated in the section. Solanum candidum and S. vestissimum are somewhat isolated as well and have unique karyological traits. Solanum pectinatum has a peculiar karyotype, but in the phenogram it is not particularly separated. Karyotype features suggest that morphological differentiation was not always followed by chromosomal divergence. The origin ofthe domesticated S. quitoense is no further elucidated by our data.
Trilingual identity of engineering students in the Basque Country

An exploratory study to analyse the prospective increase of trilingual identity in engineering students from the Basque Country is carried out in this article. The differences of two groups of students were analysed by taking into account the answers provided in two similar questionnaires, one in 2004 and the other in 2012. The results obtained confirm that the incipient trilingual identity detected in 2004 has increased significantly though its current level is not very high yet. Due to the institutional efforts made so far, the fruits of a long-term linguistic policy are reaching the University of the Basque Country. A more overall successful performance in the three languages (Basque/Spanish/English) and a more favourable attitude towards English have led to a higher trilingual identity. However, English is not clearly associated with a cultural reference (integrative motivation) but with a necessary language (instrumental motivation). The Basque language seems to be fighting well for its survival in the presence of co-official Spanish and all-powerful English.
An Approach to the Rehabilitation of Kogia spp.

Abstract Pygmy (Kogia breviceps) and dwarf (K. sima) sperm whales are rarely seen in the wild, but often seem to live-strand, particularly in cow-calf pairs. The rehabilitation of live-stranded individuals of both species has proven to be exceedingly diffi-cult. The few released animals might not have been completely healthy, an alternative chosen due to their poor survival in captivity. The rehabilitation challenges for Kogia are numerous because limited knowledge exists regarding even the basic biology of both species. This report provides information derived from the rehabilitation of 13 live-stranded K. breviceps and K. sima (including five calves) over the last decade at the Dolphin and Whale Hospital at Mote Marine Laboratory and Aquarium in Sarasota, Florida. One K. breviceps calf survived for almost 21 months in captivity and one K. sima survived for over 15 months, both apparent world-wide records. From these cases we learned that it is critical to provide supplemental fluids in addition to solid food to maintain continuous activity of the intestinal tract, especially if maintained in chlorine-treated water, and that digestibility of squid species typically fed to captive marine mammals was poor. Both species appear to be susceptible to adverse reactions to a number of the drugs commonly used during rehabilitation. In addition, an artificial calf formula was developed to provide adequate nutri-tion for young calves. Finally, gastric and intesti-nal stasis appears to lead to death in many of these whales in captivity.Key Words: Rehabilitation, pygmy sperm whale, dwarf sperm whale, calf formula, orphan calves, survival, captivity, Kogia breviceps, Kogia sima
THE STRUCTURE OF THE FLOWERS OF DATURA STRAMONIUM L. AND D. TATULA L

LINNAEXJS, in his Species Plantarum, first edition1, 1753, gives a very brief diagnosis of the plant D. stramonium to which are added a few words about the leaves in the second edition, but this does not include any description of the flowers. A description of the gross morphology of the flower appears in Medicinal Plants, by Bentley and Trimen: 1880. The histology of the entire plant, including that of the flower, has been studied in considerable detail by Fischer3 in 1937, but the few drawings and photographs used to illustrate his work are unsatisfactory. It seemed desirable, therefore, to 'make a fresh examination of the flower and to write a new description of its gross morphology and histology and to illustrate it by adequate drawings.
Use of Rhizobacteria in the Control of Root Rot–Root Knot Disease Complex of Mungbean

Thirty-two isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and a Bacillus subtilis strain were isolated from rhizosphere and rhizoplane of four wild and 15 cultivated plants. Biocontrol and growth-promoting potentials of the bacterial isolates were tested under laboratory, greenhouse and field conditions. The bacterial isolates not only exhibited nematicidal activity by killing the second stage larvae of Meloidogyne javanica to a varying degree but also produced inhibition zones by inhibiting the radial growth of Macrophomina phaseolina, Fusarium solani and Rhizoctonia solani. Strain IE-2 and IE-6 of P. aeruginosa also lysed the fungal mycelium. P. aeruginosa and B. subtilis used as seed dressing or as soil drench significantly suppressed root rot-root knot infection and nematode population densities under greenhouse and field conditions and thereby enhanced plant growth and yield in mungbean.
A heuristic design support methodology based on graph theory for district metering of water supply networks

The management of existing water supply networks can be substantially improved by permanent water district metering (WDM) which is one of the most efficient techniques for water loss detection and pressure management. However, WDM may compromise water system performance, since some pipes are usually closed to delimit districts in order not to have too many metering stations, to decrease costs and simplify water balance. This may reduce the reliability of the whole system and not guarantee the delivery of water at the different network nodes. In practical applications, the design of district meter areas (DMAs) is generally based on empirical approaches or on limited field experiences. In this work a design support methodology (DSM) is proposed, which helps to identify the position of flow meters and of boundary valves needed to define permanent DMAs. The DSM is based on graph theory and is applied to a test case.
Milk Clotting Enzyme from Microorganisms:Part II. The Enzyme Production and the Properties of Crude Enzyme

Microbial rennet from Mucor pusillus F-27 was obtained with high productivity by solid culture followed by water extraction. The enzyme could be precipitated by salting out with ammonium sulfate and also by mixing with various water-miscible organic solvents such as ethanol, methanol or acetone. This enzyme is one of acid proteases having its optimal pH for milk casein digestion around 3.5. The ratio of milk clotting activity to proteolytic activity of this enzyme resembled that of calf rennet than those of other proteases of fungal origin. This was more heat stable and more resistant against pH changes than animal rennet. Apparent activity of milk clotting was more affected by Ca ion concentration in milk than that of calf rennet. The liberation of 12% TCA soluble nitrogen from casein fraction was a little less specific than that of calf rennet. The optimal temperature for milk clotting lay around 56•Ž. Electrophbretic patterns of ƒ¿-peak of casein treated with this enzyme showed the weak
:The Emerald Planet: How Plants Changed Earth's History

An electronic device is provided including at least one microphone, a communication circuit, a processor and a memory, wherein the memory stores at least one application program or a software program executing a voice instruction, which is triggered in response to a voice input, upon the performance, the memory stores instructions to allow the processor to sequentially receive a plurality of utterances including a first speech element from a first user through the at least one microphone, generate a voice recognition model of the first user on the basis of at least some of the plurality of utterances, store the generated voice recognition model in the memory, and transmit the generated voice recognition model of the first user to the outside through the communication circuit so that a first external device uses the generated voice recognition model of the first user.
Effect of thiocyanate and hydrogen peroxide on the keeping quality of ovine, bovine and caprine raw milk

The preservation of raw ovine, bovine and caprine milks by the activation of their natural lactoperoxidase (LP) systems was investigated. The LP system of the samples was activated by adding different amounts of sodium thiocyanate and sodium percarbonate to give three different concentrations of thiocyanate and hydrogen peroxide: 7, 14 and 28 mg/L and 15, 30 and 60 mg/L, respectively. Each type of raw milk, ovine, bovine and caprine, was analysed after being treated as follows: Control (C), LP inactivated (T0), LP activated with different concentrations of thiocyanate (7, 14 and 28 mg/L) and hydrogen peroxide (15, 30 and 60 mg/L) and stored at 4°C for 72 h. The results indicated that concentrations of 28 mg/L (SCN - ) and 60 mg/L (H 2 O 2 ) would be adequate for preserving milks of different mammals at 4°C, but we should take into consideration the international norm - 14 mg/L of SCN - and 30 mg/L of H 2 O 2 , respectively. Overall, the results have shown that, by activation of the LP system in raw milk, it was possible to store ovine, bovine and caprine milks at 4°C for several days. Changes in titratable acidity, total colony counts, psychrotrophic bacteria, coliforms, moulds and yeasts of the milk samples were followed during storage at low temperature with increasing dose. The effect of doses was greater in bovine milk than in caprine milk and finally in ovine milk.
Pedigree Analysis of Elite Soybean Lines

The reported genetic diversity of North American soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr. ] cultivars is low. Public and industry breeders have initiated programs to expand the diversity. This paper assesses the impact of diversification efforts on the extent and pattern of diversity among elite lines and estimates the impact of industry on diversity. Coefficient of parentage (CP) analyses were performed with 122 lines from the northern and southern regions of the USA. The average CP was 0.173: this value was 0.233 among northern lines, 0.261 among southern lines, and 0.100 between lines from different regions. These values, and an analysis of the number of ancestors and their contribution of parentage to the elite population, were similar to values in previous reports, thereby indicating that recent efforts of public and proprietary breeders have had little impact on diversity among current elite lines [. ]
Identification of potential organisms of relevance to Canadian boreal forest and northern lands for testing of contaminated soils

A literature review has been performed with the aim of identifying potential soil invertebrate species, culturing techniques, and testing methodologies of relevance to Canadian boreal forest, taiga, and tundra ecozones. This was achieved through a review of European and Canadian ecological and ecotoxicological literature. The criteria for candidate species selection included habitat, frequency and abundance, origin, taxonomy, practicability, and stress tolerance. Nineteen species or genera common to both Northern Europe and Canada were identified as proposed test organisms in ecotoxicological test methodologies. Some of these species are currently in culture at various European or Canadian laboratories. Three earthworm and one collembolan species were recommended for further method development, while two more collembolan species as well as a yet to be identified Canadian species of four genera of enchytraeids, nematods, predatory mites, and carabid beetles were recommended but need further research. A num.
Correlated response to selection for some egg performance traits in egg line of Japanese quail

Estimation of correlated response to selection in female line of Japanese quail after a short-term selection experiment was conducted. The total number of 547 female (275 selected and 272 control) Japanese quail included in the selection experiment of selection depended on aggregate breeding values based on animal model Best Linear Unbiased Prediction. Correlated selection response estimates were favourable for all the studied traits and significant (–0.38, –9.89, –12.86, –16.64, –5.08 and –8.24) for first egg weight (FEW), age at the first 10 eggs (AGE10), age at first 30 eggs (AGE30), age at first 60 eggs (AGE60), days needed to produce the first 30 eggs (DN30) and the first 60 eggs (DN60), respectively. Estimates of heritability were moderate for egg mass for the first 10 eggs (EM10), the first 30 eggs (EM30), the first 60 eggs (EM60), AGE10 and AGE30 (0.17–0.30), but low for AGE60, DN30 and DN60 (0.01–0.10). Genetic correlations between the selection criteria traits (AFE, BWSM and DN10) and the studied egg production traits were positive and ranged from 0.25 to 0.97, 0.24 to 0.95 and 0.06 to 0.98 for AFE, BWSM and DN10, respectively, whereas phenotypic correlations ranged from 0.12 to 0.89, 0.01 to 0.34 and 0.06 to 0.87 for the same traits. The favourable genetic response obtained for egg traits could be an indicator for improving egg production performance in Japanese quail.
The role of negative affectivity structure in the job stress process

ABSTRACT Only a few studies have tested various effects of negative affectivity (NA) within the job stress process as a whole. The aim of this study is to discover the four potential effects (direct, inflation, mediation, and moderation effects) of NA in the job stressor–strain relationship. In this study, NA, role insufficiency as the stressor, and various strains (psychological and physical symptoms, job satisfaction, organizational commitment, intention to quit, and subjective performance) were measured by the Job Stress Battery. The participants were 160 employees from various sectors and organizations in Turkey. The results indicated that in stressor–strain relationships NA had two distinct effects (direct and mediation), and the type of the effect varied depending on the strain. Implications and future directions for research are discussed in the article.
Variation in Genetic Diversity across the Range of North American Brown Bears

Understanding the factors that influence the rate at which natural populations lose genetic diversity is a central aspect of conservation genetics because of the importance of genetic diversity in maintaining evolutionary potential and individual fitness. Concerns about loss of genetic diversity are particularly relevant to large carnivores, such as brown bears (Ursus arctos), that are distributed at low densities and are highly susceptible to human‐caused population fragmentation. We used eight highly variable nuclear microsatellite markers to study current levels of genetic variation across the North American range of brown bears. The highest levels of within‐population genetic diversity (He = 0.76) were found in northern populations in the core of the North American distribution. Diversity was significantly lower in populations at the southern fringe of the distribution, in the Northwest Territories, and in southwest Alaska. Diversity was lower still in the Yellowstone Ecosystem population (He = 0.55), an isolated remnant of the larger distribution that recently extended south from the Canadian border into Mexico. The insular population on the Kodiak Archipelago had very low genetic diversity (He = 0.26). The Yellowstone and Kodiak data suggest that the effective population size for brown bears is much smaller than previously suspected. These results indicate that the levels of diversity in most undisturbed populations can be maintained only through connections to populations on the scale of the current North American distribution. At the same time, the Kodiak data demonstrate that populations well under the size recommended for long‐term conservation can persist and thrive for thousands of years, although the probability of such persistence remains unknown.
Subcellular localization of H2O2 in plants. H2O2 accumulation in papillae and hypersensitive response during the barley—powdery mildew interaction

Active oxygen species (AOS) are believed to have important roles in plants in general and in plant—pathogen interactions in particular. They are believed to be involved in signal transduction, cell wall reinforcement, hypersensitive response (HR) and phytoalexin production, and to have direct antimicrobial effects. Since current methods are inadequate for localizing AOS in intact plant tissue, most studies have been conducted using cell suspension culture/elicitors systems. 3,3-diaminobenzidine (DAB) polymerizes instantly and locally as soon as it comes into contact with H2O2 in the presence of peroxidase, and it was found that, by allowing the leaf to take up this substrate, in-vivo and in-situ detection of H2O2 can be made at subcellular levels. This method was successfully used to detect H2O2 in developing papillae and surrounding haloes (cell wall appositions) and whole cells of barley leaves interacting with the powdery mildew fungus. Thus, H2O2 can be detected in the epidermal cell wall subjacent to the primary germ tube from 6 h after inoculation, and subjacent to the appressorium from 15 h. The earliest time point for observation of H2O2 in relation to epidermal cells undergoing HR is 15 h after inoculation, first appearing in the zones of attachment to the mesophyll cells underneath, and eventually in the entire epidermal cell. Furthermore, it was observed that proteins in papillae and HR cells are cross-linked, a process believed to be fuelled by H2O2. This cross-linking reinforces the apposition, presumably assisting the arrest of the pathogen.