Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Antibiotic susceptibility and production of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) of E. coli strains isolated from meat

The zoonotic potential of Escherichia coli from chicken and beef food products is well documented. The uses of antibiotics on agriculture encourage the development of resistance bacteria capable of causing human disease and passing resistance to human pathogens. This study aimed to detect the antibiotic susceptibility and production of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) of E. coli strains isolated from meat. E. coli was isolated and identified according to standard techniques using traditional and chromogenic media and confirmed by biochemical reaction. Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method was used to determine antimicrobial susceptibility towards twelve commonly used antibiotics. The resistance of the isolated E. coli towards the third generation of cephalosporins was detected using cefotaxime (30µg), ceftriaxone (30 µg) and ceftazidime (30 µg). ESBL producer E. coli was investigated using combination test. The results showed that 135 (75%) of the 180 meat samples revealed positive isolation of E. coli. 77.33% of the chicken meat samples showed positive isolation of E. coli, while 63.33% (19/30) of minced beef meat samples showed positive growth of E. coli. From these isolates, it was clear that most of them were highly resistant to tetracycline (10 µg), amoxiclav (30 µg) and cefalexin (30 µg). The lowest resistance was observed with ceftriaxone (30 µg) and ceftazidime (30 µg). The resistance of the isolated E. coli towards the third generation of cephalosporins was ranged between 5 to 33%. This study revealed that the isolated E. coli was ESBL producer as 85.71, 83.33, 70.83, 68.18 and 66.66% were detected in chickens leg, skin, wing, abdomen and chest respectively; while minced meat showed isolation of 15.78% of the ESBL producer E. coli. The study concluded that chicken and beef minced meat sold in Khartoum state have high hazardous risk for transmission of ESBLs producing E. coli; thus quality control application is highly needed. Policy actions should be implemented in order to prevent cross transmission of ESBLs producer E. coli to human. Key words: E. coli, ESBL producer E. coli, susceptibility pattern, meat quality.
A direct transfer solution for digital laser printing of CVD graphene

State-of-the-art methods for printing highly resolved pixels of two-dimensional (2D) materials on technologically important substrates typically involve multiple and time-consuming processing steps which increase device fabrication complexity and the risk of impurity contamination. This work introduces an alternative printing approach based on the laser induced forward transfer (LIFT) technique for the successful digital transfer of graphene, the 2D material par excellence. Using LIFT, CVD graphene pixels of 30 μm × 30 μm in size are transferred on SiO2/Si and flexible polymer substrates. The potential of upscaling this novel approach by reaching sizes of up to 300 μm × 300 μm for transferred graphene patches is also demonstrated. The feasibility of laser-induced transfer of graphene is corroborated with ab initio molecular dynamics simulations which elucidate atomic-scale details of the seamless detachment of the monolayer from a metallic donor surface and its subsequent attachment to a receiver substrate.
Predisposition to acute pancreatitis in dogs with severe acute renal failure

RESUMO. [Predisposição à pancreatite aguda em cães com insuficiência renal aguda grave. ] O portador de insuficiência renal aguda é um paciente que, muitas vezes, encontra-se sob importante condição de balanço energético negativo, gerando alterações metabólicas que predispõem a complicações. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar parâmetros laboratoriais de trinta cães com insuficiência renal aguda grave, quanto a possibilidade de desenvolvimento de pancreatite aguda em função do balanço energético negativo, e relacioná-los ao grau de gravidade da insuficiência renal. As concentrações séricas de ureia, creatinina, betahidroxibutirato, triglicérides, amilase, lipase total e lipase pancreática canina foram comparadas entre o grupo de cães hígidos e o de cães doentes. Observou-se maior concentração sérica de betahidroxibutirato e maior atividade das enzimas pancreáticas, especialmente da lipase pancreática canina, além de forte correlação entre esta última e a concentração sérica de creatinina, demonstrando a ocorrência de pancreatite aguda em pacientes com insuficiência renal aguda grave. Verificou-se também que quanto mais grave é a insuficiência renal, maior é a predisposição à pancreatite aguda.
Improved Incentive Pricing Wireless Multi-service Single Link with Bandwidth Attribute

Several objectives that service providers have to achieve are to determine the increase or decrease in the price change due to the change in service quality and the amount of service quality value. Multi-service wireless Internet pricing schemes that apply the quality of the bandwidth advantage are designed to take into account the need of ISPs to provide highquality services to users and increase their revenue, considering the limited bandwidth of the resources. The modified model is an improvement of the original model by adding variables and parameters to the multiple service network model by specifying the base price for QoS (alpha) and premium quality (β) as variables, parameters, and service class load factor, Pregnancy basis factor and differentiation factor. The models are solved by the program Lingo 18.0 to get the best solution. The results prove that the modified model is the best and yields the best profit for the service provider when the cost of all changes in quality of service is increased and the variable α and β is set as constant or variable. Keywords—Optimal solution; multi service network; wireless pricing scheme; bandwidth QoS attribute
The oxygen reduction on Pt‐Ni and Pt‐Ni‐M catalysts for low‐temperature acidic fuel cells: A review

For its wide availability and low cost, nickel is a promising candidate to be used as a cocatalyst in Pt‐based catalysts for proton exchange membrane fuel cells. Among Pt‐M (M = transition metal) catalysts for oxygen reduction, Pt‐Ni is the one which can be used in various forms, that is, as disordered Pt1‐xNix solid solutions, ordered intermetallic phases, octahedral‐shaped structures (with a preferential {111} facet orientation), dealloyed structures, and hollow and 1‐dimensional nanostructures. In this work, an overview of the oxygen reduction on Pt‐Ni and Pt‐Ni‐M (M = Co, Fe, Cu) catalysts and their stability in proton exchange membrane fuel cell environment is presented.
Effect of Feeding Neem and Papaya Leaf Meal as Feed Additive on Carcass Characteristics and Economics of Broilers

Poultry production is important for the socioeconomic development of any country and has ability to provide animal protein at shorter duration. There are many protein sources for human consumption but in view of ever rising demand of high protein; broiler production can serve as an alternative potential source to meet this burgeoning demand. The birds are ready for market and human consumption within 6-8 weeks period. It results in fast return of farmer's investment. As a result of this, collaborative efforts are required to discover ways and means to increase animal production to bridge the deficit in animal protein intake (Rahman et al., 2015). Many synthetic drugs like antibiotics and growth promoters are supplemented as a feed additive to broilers for their rapid growth. Their use has generated some positive and negative effects over the years and has redirected International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 10 Number 02 (2021) Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas. com
Nigerian parents’ knowledge of COVID-19 and effect of lockdown on monthly earnings: an online survey

Introduction the COVID-19 pandemic has devastated every sector leading to untold hardship, unplanned loss of jobs and drastic reductions in the income of families across the world. This survey assessed the knowledge of COVID-19 among Nigerian parents and its effect on their monthly income. Methods an online cross-sectional survey was conducted from May 9 - June 8, 2020, among parents/guardians with children/wards in the paediatric age-range during the lockdown stage of the outbreak in Nigeria. Snowball sampling technique was used to recruit 260 respondents. The questionnaire was administered on a Google doc form and distributed via the internet. Chi-square was used to test for differences, and statistical significance was set at p-value less than 0.05 and a 95% confidence level. Results the mean age was 39.6 years (SD = 7.3), comprising 105 (40.4%) males, 239 (91.9%) married, and 167 (64.2%) with tertiary education. Only 29 (11.2%) had good knowledge of COVID-19. Interestingly, low-income earners were more likely to have good knowledge of COVID-19 than middle/high-income earners. The monthly incomes of 191 (73.5%) respondents were affected. Females, those with secondary education and below, and low-income earners were more likely to have their incomes affected. Conclusion parents/guardians have poor knowledge of COVID-19. Also, the monthly income of parents/guardians have been affected by the lockdown measures; most affected were females, those with a secondary level of education and below and low-income earners. Their poor knowledge and the impact on their income may further impair their preparedness to combat the spread of COVID-19.
An Optimal Control Framework for Online Job Scheduling with General Cost Functions

The paper “An Optimal Control Framework for Online Job Scheduling with General Cost Functions,” by Etesami devises online speed-augmented competitive algorithms for minimizing the generalized completion time on a single and multiple unrelated machines for a very general class of cost functions. To that end, a novel optimal control formulation for the offline version of the problem is developed. Such a formulation allows using tools from optimal control theory, such as the minimum principle and Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman equation, to set the dual variables as close as possible to the optimal dual variables and leverage them to design primal-dual online algorithms as an iterative application of the offline problem. The analysis can achieve state-of-the-art competitive ratios for several special cases and provide new competitive ratios which are the first in their settings. In particular, the analysis offers a principled method of estimating dual variables in a general setting of online job scheduling.
Kolyvagin's Conjecture and patched Euler systems in anticyclotomic Iwasawa theory

Let $E/\mathbb{Q}$ be an elliptic curve and let $K$ be an imaginary quadratic field. Under a certain Heegner hypothesis, Kolyvagin constructed cohomology classes for $E$ using $K$-CM points and conjectured they did not all vanish. Conditional on this conjecture, he described the Selmer rank of $E$ using his system of classes. We extend work of Wei Zhang to prove new cases of Kolyvagin's conjecture by considering congruences of modular forms modulo large powers of $p $. Additionally, we prove an analogous result, and give a description of the Selmer rank, in a complementary"definite"case (using certain modified $L$-values rather than CM points). Similar methods are also used to improve known results on the Heegner point main conjecture of Perrin-Riou. One consequence of our results is a new converse theorem, that $p$-Selmer rank one implies analytic rank one, when the residual representation has dihedral image.
Extending growth mixture model to assess heterogeneity in joint development with piecewise linear trajectories in the framework of individual measurement occasions.

Almost always, developmental processes are multivariate in nature such that several outcomes and the development among these variables are correlated; therefore, empirical researchers often desire to examine two or more variables over time to understand how these outcomes and their change patterns are correlated. Multivariate growth models (MGMs) allow researchers to examine the correlations among developmental parameters. This study relaxes one population assumption of MGMs to investigate possible latent classes of joint development. The developed model enables the investigation of heterogeneity in the correlation between longitudinal outcomes and the effect of covariates on heterogeneity. More importantly, we propose using the piecewise linear functional form to estimate the stage-specific growth rates and stage-specific correlations. We demonstrate the proposed model through a simulation study and an analysis of real-world data. Our simulation study shows that the proposed model can separate joint development into multiple latent classes and provide unbiased and accurate point estimates with target coverage probabilities for the parameters of interest. Using longitudinal reading and mathematics scores from Grade K to 5, we demonstrate that the proposed model can capture heterogeneity in the correlation between joint development and estimate the stage-specific correlations. Additionally, we demonstrate how to identify the covariates that contribute the most to latent classes and transform candidate covariates from a large set to a manageable set while retaining the meaningful properties of the original covariate set for the mixture model with joint developmental processes. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).
Gait Recognition via Effective Global-Local Feature Representation and Local Temporal Aggregation

Gait recognition is one of the most important biometric technologies and has been applied in many fields. Recent gait recognition frameworks represent each gait frame by descriptors extracted from either global appearances or local regions of humans. However, the representations based on global information often neglect the details of the gait frame, while local region based descriptors cannot capture the relations among neighboring regions, thus reducing their discriminativeness. In this paper, we propose a novel feature extraction and fusion framework to achieve discriminative feature representations for gait recognition. Towards this goal, we take advantage of both global visual information and local region details and develop a Global and Local Feature Extractor (GLFE). Specifically, our GLFE module is composed of our newly designed multiple global and local convolutional layers (GLConv) to ensemble global and local features in a principle manner. Furthermore, we present a novel operation, namely Local Temporal Aggregation (LTA), to further preserve the spatial information by reducing the temporal resolution to obtain higher spatial resolution. With the help of our GLFE and LTA, our method significantly improves the discriminativeness of our visual features, thus improving the gait recognition performance. Extensive experiments demonstrate that our proposed method outperforms state-of-the-art gait recognition methods on two popular datasets.
Low Dimensional Landscape Hypothesis is True: DNNs can be Trained in Tiny Subspaces

Deep neural networks (DNNs) usually contain massive parameters, but there is redundancy such that it is guessed that the DNNs could be trained in low-dimensional subspaces. In this paper, we propose a Dynamic Linear Dimensionality Reduction (DLDR) based on low-dimensional properties of the training trajectory. The reduction is efficient, which is supported by comprehensive experiments: optimization in 40 dimensional spaces can achieve comparable performance as regular training over thousands or even millions of parameters. Since there are only a few optimization variables, we develop a quasi-Newton-based algorithm and also obtain robustness against label noises, which are two follow-up experiments to show the advantages of finding low-dimensional subspaces.
Do Wider Neural Networks Really Help Adversarial Robustness?

Adversarial training is a powerful type of defense against adversarial examples. Previous empirical results suggest that adversarial training requires wider networks for better performances. However, it remains elusive how neural network width affects model robustness. In this paper, we carefully examine the relationship between network width and model robustness. Specifically, we show that the model robustness is closely related to the tradeoff between natural accuracy and perturbation stability, which is controlled by the robust regularization parameter $\lambda$. With the same $\lambda$, wider networks can achieve better natural accuracy but worse perturbation stability, leading to a potentially worse overall model robustness. To understand the origin of this phenomenon, we further relate the perturbation stability with the network's local Lipschitzness. By leveraging recent results on neural tangent kernels, we theoretically show that wider networks tend to have worse perturbation stability. Our analyses suggest that: 1) the common strategy of first fine-tuning $\lambda$ on small networks and then directly use it for wide model training could lead to deteriorated model robustness; 2) one needs to properly enlarge $\lambda$ to unleash the robustness potential of wider models fully. Finally, we propose a new Width Adjusted Regularization (WAR) method that adaptively enlarges $\lambda$ on wide models and significantly saves the tuning time.
Unconventional Thermal and Magnetic-Field-Driven Changes of a Bipartite Entanglement of a Mixed Spin-(1/2,S) Heisenberg Dimer with an Uniaxial Single-Ion Anisotropy

The concept of negativity is adapted in order to explore the quantum and thermal entanglement of the mixed spin-(1/2,S) Heisenberg dimers in presence of an external magnetic field. The mutual interplay between the spin size S, XXZ exchange and uniaxial single-ion anisotropy is thoroughly examined with a goal to tune the degree and thermal stability of the pairwise entanglement. It turns out that the antiferromagnetic spin-(1/2,S) Heisenberg dimers exhibit higher degree of entanglement and higher threshold temperature in comparison with their ferromagnetic counterparts when assuming the same set of model parameters. The increasing spin magnitude S accompanied with an easy-plane uniaxial single-ion anisotropy can enhance not only the thermal stability but simultaneously the degree of entanglement. It is additionally shown that the further enhancement of a bipartite entanglement can be achieved in the mixed spin-(1/2,S) Heisenberg dimers, involving half-odd-integer spins S. Under this condition the thermal negativity saturates at low-enough temperatures in its maximal value regardless of the magnitude of half-odd-integer spin S. The magnetic field induces consecutive discontinuous phase transitions in the mixed spin-(1/2,S) Heisenberg dimers with S>1, which are manifested in a surprising oscillating magnetic-field dependence of the negativity observed at low enough temperature.
A 3D transcriptomics atlas of the mouse olfactory mucosa

The sense of smell helps us navigate the environment, but its molecular architecture and underlying logic remain unknown. The spatial location of odorant receptor genes (Olfrs) in the nose is widely thought to be independent of the structural diversity of the odorants they detect. Using spatial transcriptomics, we created a genome-wide 3D atlas of the mouse olfactory mucosa (OM). Topographic maps of genes differentially expressed in space reveal that both Olfrs and non-Olfrs are distributed in a continuous and overlapping fashion over five broad zones in the OM. The spatial locations of Olfrs correlate with the mucus solubility of the odorants they recognize, providing direct evidence for the chromatographic theory of olfaction. This resource resolved the molecular architecture of the mouse OM, and will inform future studies on mechanisms underlying Olfr gene choice, axonal pathfinding, patterning of the nervous system, and basic logic for the peripheral representation of smell.
Virophages and retrotransposons colonize the genomes of a heterotrophic flagellate

Virophages can parasitize giant DNA viruses and may provide adaptive anti-giant-virus defense in unicellular eukaryotes. Under laboratory conditions, the virophage mavirus integrates into the nuclear genome of the marine flagellate Cafeteria burkhardae and reactivates upon superinfection with the giant virus CroV. In natural systems, however, the prevalence and diversity of host-virophage associations has not been systematically explored. Here, we report dozens of integrated virophages in four globally sampled C. burkhardae strains that constitute up to 2% of their host genomes. These endogenous mavirus-like elements (EMALEs) separated into eight types based on GC-content, nucleotide similarity, and coding potential and carried diverse promoter motifs implicating interactions with different giant viruses. Between host strains, some EMALE insertion loci were conserved indicating ancient integration events, whereas the majority of insertion sites were unique to a given host strain suggesting that EMALEs are active and mobile. Furthermore, we uncovered a unique association between EMALEs and a group of tyrosine recombinase retrotransposons, revealing yet another layer of parasitism in this nested microbial system. Our findings show that virophages are widespread and dynamic in wild Cafeteria populations, supporting their potential role in antiviral defense in protists.
Structural and mechanistic basis of reiterative transcription initiation

Significance In standard transcription initiation, RNA polymerase (RNAP) synthesizes an initial RNA product complementary to the DNA template. In an alternative pathway of transcription initiation, termed “reiterative transcription initiation,” observed at promoters containing homopolymeric sequences at the transcription start site, RNAP synthesizes an initial RNA product having a 5′ sequence containing a variable number, up to tens to hundreds, of nucleotides noncomplementary to the DNA template. Here, using crystallography, cryoelectron microscopy, photocrosslinking, and single-molecule DNA nanomanipulation, we show that RNA extension in reiterative transcription initiation involves slipping of RNA relative to DNA within a short RNA–DNA hybrid and generates RNA that exits RNAP through a previously unobserved RNA path (“alternative RNA path”) and previously unobserved RNA exit (“alternative RNA exit”). Reiterative transcription initiation, observed at promoters that contain homopolymeric sequences at the transcription start site, generates RNA products having 5′ sequences noncomplementary to the DNA template. Here, using crystallography and cryoelectron microscopy to define structures, protein–DNA photocrosslinking to map positions of RNAP leading and trailing edges relative to DNA, and single-molecule DNA nanomanipulation to assess RNA polymerase (RNAP)–dependent DNA unwinding, we show that RNA extension in reiterative transcription initiation 1) occurs without DNA scrunching; 2) involves a short, 2- to 3-bp, RNA–DNA hybrid; and 3) generates RNA that exits RNAP through the portal by which scrunched nontemplate-strand DNA exits RNAP in standard transcription initiation. The results establish that, whereas RNA extension in standard transcription initiation proceeds through a scrunching mechanism, RNA extension in reiterative transcription initiation proceeds through a slippage mechanism, with slipping of RNA relative to DNA within a short RNA–DNA hybrid, and with extrusion of RNA from RNAP through an alternative RNA exit.