Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Lagrangian theory of structure formation in relativistic cosmology: Lagrangian framework and definition of a nonperturbative approximation

In this paper, we present a Lagrangian framework for the description of structure formation in general relativity, restricting attention to irrotational dust matter. As an application we present a self-contained derivation of a general-relativistic analogue of Zel'dovich's approximation for the description of structure formation in cosmology and compare it with previous suggestions in the literature. This approximation is then investigated: paraphrasing the derivation in the Newtonian framework we provide general-relativistic analogues of the basic system of equations for a single dynamical field variable and recall the first-order perturbation solution of these equations. We then define a general-relativistic analogue of Zel'dovich's approximation and investigate its implications by functionally evaluating relevant variables, and we address the singularity problem. We so obtain a possibly powerful model that, although constructed through extrapolation of a perturbative solution, can be used to put into practice nonperturbatively, e.g., problems of structure formation, backreaction problems, nonlinear properties of gravitational radiation, and light propagation in realistic inhomogeneous universe models. With this model we also provide the key building blocks for initializing a fully relativistic numerical simulation.
K-SHELL PHOTOIONIZATION OF Na-LIKE TO Cl-LIKE IONS OF Mg, Si, S, Ar, AND Ca

We present R-matrix calculations of photoabsorption and photoionization cross sections across the K edge of Mg, Si, S, Ar, and Ca ions with more than 10 electrons. The calculations include the effects of radiative and Auger damping by means of an optical potential. The wave functions are constructed from single-electron orbital bases obtained using a Thomas–Fermi–Dirac statistical model potential. Configuration interaction is considered among all states up to n = 3. The damping processes affect the resonances converging to the K-thresholds causing them to display symmetric profiles of constant width that smear the otherwise sharp edge at the photoionization threshold. These data are important for the modeling of features found in photoionized plasmas.
X-ray observations of dust obscured galaxies in the Chandra Deep Field South

We present the properties of X-ray detected dust obscured galaxies (DOGs) in the Chandra Deep Field South. In recent years, it has been proposed that a significant percentage of the elusive Compton-thick (CT) active galactic nuclei (AGN) could be hidden among DOGs. In a previous work, we presented the properties of X-ray detected DOGs by making use of the deepest X-ray observations available at that time, the 2Ms observations of the Chandra deep fields. In that work, we only found a moderate percentage ($<$ 50%) of CT AGN among the DOGs sample, but we were limited by poor photon statistics. In this paper, we use not only a deeper 6 Ms Chandra survey of the Chandra Deep Field South (CDF-S), but combine these data with the 3 Ms XMM-Newton survey of the CDF-S. We also take advantage of the great coverage of the CDF-S region from the UV to the far-IR to fit the spectral energy distributions (SEDs) of our sources. Out of the 14 AGN composing our sample, 9 are highly absorbed (but only 3 could be CT AGN), whereas 2 look unabsorbed, and the other 3 are only moderately absorbed. In only one of the CT AGN, we detect a strong Fe K$\alpha$ emission line; the source is already classified as a CT AGN with Chandra data in a previous work. For the other two CT candidates, the non-detection of the line could be because of the low number of counts in their X-ray spectra, but their location in the L$_{\rm 2-10\,keV}$/L$_{12\mu m}$ plot supports their CT classification. Although a higher number of CT sources could be hidden among the X-ray undetected DOGs, our results indicate that DOGs could be as well composed of only a fraction of CT AGN plus a number of moderate to highly absorbed AGN, as previously suggested. From our study of the X-ray undetected DOGs in the CDF-S, we estimate a percentage between 13 and 44% of CT AGN among the whole population of DOGs.
The Essential Oil of Tunisian Halophyte Lobularia maritima: A Natural Food Preservative Agent of Ground Beef Meat

This study was directed towards the investigation of the chemical composition and antimicrobial properties of the essential oil of Tunisian halophyte Lobularia maritime (LmEO). The antibacterial effects against major food-borne pathogenic and food spoilage bacteria were tested using the well diffusion method, followed by the determination of the minimum inhibitory (MIC) and bactericidal (MBC) concentrations. The essential oil has shown strong antimicrobial activity against eight pathogenic strains, which was attributed mostly to predominant constituents of the essential oil: benzyl alcohol, linalool, terpien-4-ol and globulol, as well as to synergistic effects of its major and minor constituents. Considering strong antimicrobial effects of the tested essential oil, it was further tested as a natural alternative to food preservatives, using minced beef meat as a model system. Minced beef meat was spiked with 0.019, 0.038, and 0.076% of the essential oil and stored during 14 days at 4 °C, monitoring its microbiological, physicochemical, and sensory properties. Chemical analyses revealed that meat treated with 0.076% of LmEO at underwent a significant decrease (p < 0.05) in primary and secondary lipid oxidation and reduced metmyoglobin accumulation compared with control samples. Furthermore, microflora proliferation in the meat model system spiked with 0.076% of LmEO was significantly (p < 0.05) reduced in comparison to control. In addition, two multivariate exploratory techniques, namely principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical analysis (HCA), were applied to the obtained data sets to describe the relationship between the main characteristics of the meat samples with and without essential oil addition. The chemometric approach highlighted the relationships between meat quality parameters. Overall, results indicated that the essential oil of Lobularia maritima deserves to be considered as a natural preservative in the meat industry.
Transforming Archived Resources with Language Technology: From Manuscripts to Language Documentation

Transcriptions in different languages are a ubiquitous data format in linguistics and in many other fields in the humanities. However, the majority of these resources remain both under-used and under-studied. This may be the case even when the materials have been published in print, but is certainly the case for the majority of unpublished transcriptions. Our paper presents a workflow adapted in the research project Language Documentation Meets Language Technology , which combines text recognition, automatic transliteration and forced alignment into a process which allows us to convert earlier transcribed documents to a structure that is comparable with contemporary language documentation corpora. This has complex practical and methodological considerations.
glamer – I. A code for gravitational lensing simulations with adaptive mesh refinement

A computer code is described for the simulation of gravitational lensing data. The code incorporates adaptive mesh refinement in choosing which rays to shoot based on the requirements of the source size, location and surface brightness distribution or to find critical curves/caustics. A variety of source surface brightness models are implemented to represent galaxies and quasar emission regions. The lensing mass can be represented by point masses (stars), smoothed simulation particles, analytic halo models, pixelized mass maps or any combination of these. The deflection and beam distortions (convergence and shear) are calculated by modified tree algorithm when halos, point masses or particles are used and by FFT when mass maps are used. The combination of these methods allow for a very large dynamical range to be represented in a single simulation. Individual images of galaxies can be represented in a simulation that covers many square degrees. For an individual strongly lensed quasar, source sizes from the size of the quasar's host galaxy (~ 100 kpc) down to microlensing scales (~ 10^-4 pc) can be probed in a self consistent simulation. Descriptions of various tests of the code's accuracy are given.
Why are there so few hot Jupiters

We use numerical simulations to model the migration of massive planets at small radii and compare the results with the known properties of ’hot Jupiters’ (extrasolar planets with semi-major axes a 0.5MJ, the evidence for any ‘pile-up’ at small radii is weak (statistically insignificant), and although the mass function of hot Jupiters is deficient in high mass planets as compared to a reference sample located further out, the small sample size precludes definitive conclusions. We suggest that these properties are consistent with disc migration followed by entry into a magnetospheric cavity close to the star. Entry into the cavity results in a slowing of migration, accompanied by a growth in orbital eccentricity. For planet masses in excess of 1 Jupiter mass we find eccentricity growth timescales of a few×10 5 years, suggesting that these planets may often be rapidly destroyed. Eccentricity growth appears to be faster for more massive planets which may explain changes in the planetary mass function at small radii and may also predict a pile-up of lower mass planets, the sample of which is still incomplete.
THE ORIENTATION OF THE NUCLEAR OBSCURER OF THE ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI

We examine the distribution of axis ratios of a large sample of disk galaxies hosting type 2 active galactic nuclei (AGNs) selected from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey and compare it with a well-defined control sample of non-active galaxies. We find them significantly different, where the type 2 AGNs show both an excess of edge-on objects and deficit of round objects. This systematical bias cannot be explained by a nuclear obscurer oriented randomly with respect to the stellar disk. However, a nuclear obscurer coplanar with the stellar disk also does not fit the data very well. By assuming that the nuclear obscurer having an opening angle of ∼60°, we find that the observed axis ratio distribution can be nicely reproduced by a mean tilt angle of ∼30° between the nuclear obscurer and the stellar disk.
Recovery of entire shocked samples in a range of pressure from ~100 GPa to Hugoniot elastic limit

We carried out laser shock experiments and wholly recovered shocked olivine and quartz samples. We investigated the petrographic features based on optical micrographs of sliced samples and found that each recovered sample comprises three regions, I (optically dark), II (opaque), and III (transparent). Scanning electron microscopy combined with electron backscattered diffraction shows that there are no crystal features in the region I; the materials in the region I have once melted. Moreover, numerical calculations performed with the iSALE shock physics code suggest that the boundary between regions II and III corresponds to Hugoniot elastic limit (HEL). Thus, we succeeded in the recovery of the entire shocked samples experienced over a wide range of pressures from HEL (~10 GPa) to melting pressure (~100 GPa) in a hierarchical order.
Impact of the orbital uncertainties on the timing of pulsars in binary systems

The detection of pulsations from an X-ray binary is an unambiguous signature of the presence of a neutron star in the system. When the pulsations are missed in the radio band, their detection at other wavelengths, such as X-ray or gamma-rays, requires orbital demodulation, since the length of the observations is often comparable to, or longer than, the system orbital period. A detailed knowledge of the orbital parameters of binary systems plays a crucial role in the detection of the spin period of pulsars since any uncertainty in their determination translates into a loss in the coherence of a signal during the demodulation process. In this paper, we present an analytical study aimed at unveiling how the uncertainties in the orbital parameters might impact on periodicity searches. We find a correlation between the power of the signal in the demodulated arrival time series and the uncertainty in each of the orbital parameters. This correlation is also a function of the pulsar frequency. We test our analytical results with numerical simulations, finding good agreement between them. Finally, we apply our study to the cases of LS 5039 and LS I +61 303 and consider the current level of uncertainties in the orbital parameters of these systems and their impact on a possible detection of a hosted pulsar. We also discuss the possible appearance of a sideband ambiguity in real data. The latter can occur when, due to the use of uncertain orbital parameters, the power of a putative pulsar is distributed in frequencies lying near the pulsar period. Even if the appearance of a sideband is already a signature of a pulsar component, it may introduce an ambiguity in the determination of its period. We present here a method to solve the sideband issue.
Replica symmetry breaking in an adiabatic spin-glass model of adaptive evolution

We study evolutionary canalization using a spin-glass model with replica theory, where spins and their interactions are dynamic variables whose configurations correspond to phenotypes and genotypes, respectively. The spins are updated under temperature TS, and the genotypes evolve under temperature TJ, according to the evolutionary fitness. It is found that adaptation occurs at TS < TRSS, and a replica symmetric phase emerges at TRSBS < TS < TRSS. The replica symmetric phase implies canalization, and replica symmetry breaking at lower temperatures indicates loss of robustness.
BIOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF ADIPOSE TISSUE-DERIVED STEM CELLS ON ALVEOLAR BONE HEALING IN RATS WITH LIGATURE INDUCED PERIODONTITIS

INTRODUCTION: Periodontal diseases are the most prevalent infectious illnesses affecting tissues supporting the teeth, as well as the most common type of bone pathology. In the field of periodontology, stem cells, as well as tissue engineering, have been introduced and have shown promising results in periodontitis treatment. Researchers have been particularly interested in non-scaffold tissue engineering strategies such as cell injection and cell sheet. The fundamental advantage of cell injection is that it is a non-invasive procedure. Local injection of Adipose stem cells (ASCs) may be a helpful cells source that is used in tissue-engineering techniques since adipose tissue is relatively inexpensive to procure and is available in enormous amounts. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the biological effect of the therapeutic role of adipose-derived stem cells on healing of alveolar bone with ligature induced periodontitis in rats using histological assessment, Scanning Electron Microscope analysis, and Energy Dispersive X-ray analysis (EDXA). MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this research, 36 adult, male, albino, six months rats (200-250 grams) were used. The rats were split equally into three groups: group A; (control group), group B; (induced periodontitis), and group C: (induced periodontitis treated with Adipose Stem Cells). In each group, 12 rats were euthanized after four weeks from the beginning of the study respectively. RESULTS: The histological, SEM and EDX results revealed restoration of the alveolar bone level around mandibular first molar. CONCLUSION: Adipose-derived Stem Cells accelerated healing of alveolar bone in induced periodontitis rats and enhanced the osteoblastic activity.
Structural Ensemble Regression for Cluster-Based Aggregate Electricity Demand Forecasting

Accurate electricity demand forecasting is vital to the development and evolution of smart grids as well as the reinforcement of demand side management strategies in the energy sector. Since this forecasting task requires the efficient processing of load profiles extracted from smart meters for large sets of clients, the challenges of high dimensionality often lead to the adoption of cluster-based aggregation strategies, resulting in scalable estimation models that operate on aggregate times series formed by client groups that share similar load characteristics. However, it is evident that the clustered time series exhibit different patterns that may not be processed efficiently by a single estimator or a fixed hybrid structure. Therefore, ensemble learning methods could provide an additional layer of model fusion, enabling the resulting estimator to adapt to the input series and yield better performance. In this work, we propose an adaptive ensemble member selection approach for stacking and voting regressors in the cluster-based aggregate forecasting framework that focuses on the examination of forecasting performance on peak and non-peak observations for the development of structurally flexible estimators for each cluster. The resulting ensemble models yield better overall performance when compared to the standalone estimators and our experiments indicate that member selection strategies focusing on the influence of non-peak performance lead to more performant ensemble models in this framework.
Herbivorous Reef Fishes of South Sinai Marine Protected Areas (Gulf of Aqaba, Egypt): Influence of Fisheries Management and Protection Status

Herbivorous fish play a key role in the resilience of coral reefs to climatic stressors. In the Egyptian Gulf of Aqaba (GoA), many of these herbivores are important targets for artisanal fishing. Moreover, little is known about the status of their biomass and size-structure patterns. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate the status of herbivorous fish communities at 30 reef sites in eight regions at the western side of the GoA. Notably, these regions are subject to three levels of fishing and protection, ranging from almost unfished (no-take, NT)
Slower Growth during Lactation Rescues Early Cardiovascular and Adipose Tissue Hypertrophy Induced by Fetal Undernutrition in Rats

Low birth weight (LBW) and accelerated growth during lactation are associated with cardiometabolic disease development. LBW offspring from rats exposed to undernutrition during gestation (MUN) develops hypertension. In this rat model, we tested if slower postnatal growth improves early cardiometabolic alterations. MUN dams were fed ad libitum during gestation days 1–10, with 50% of the daily intake during days 11–21 and ad libitum during lactation. Control dams were always fed ad libitum. Pups were maintained with their own mother or cross-fostered. Body weight and length were recorded weekly, and breastmilk was obtained. At weaning, the heart was evaluated by echocardiography, and aorta structure and adipocytes in white perivascular fat were studied by confocal microscopy (size, % beige-adipocytes by Mitotracker staining). Breastmilk protein and fat content were not significantly different between groups. Compared to controls, MUN males significantly accelerated body weight gain during the exclusive lactation period (days 1–14) while females accelerated during the last week; length growth was slower in MUN rats from both sexes. By weaning, MUN males, but not females, showed reduced diastolic function and hypertrophy in the heart, aorta, and adipocytes; the percentage of beige-type adipocytes was smaller in MUN males and females. Fostering MUN offspring on control dams significantly reduced weight gain rate, cardiovascular, and fat hypertrophy, increasing beige-adipocyte proportion. Control offspring nursed by MUN mothers reduced body growth gain, without cardiovascular modifications. In conclusion, slower growth during lactation can rescue early cardiovascular alterations induced by fetal undernutrition. Exclusive lactation was a key period, despite no modifications in breastmilk macronutrients, suggesting the role of bioactive components. Our data support that lactation is a key period to counteract cardiometabolic disease programming in LBW and a potential intervention window for the mother.
Value Investing: Evidence From Listed Companies in China’s Banking Industry During the COVID-19 Epidemic

The purpose of this paper is to explore the influencing factors of return on investment (ROI) from listed companies in China’s banking industry during the COVID-19 epidemic. Based on value investing perspectives, a simple accounting -based fundamental analysis is employed to establish the conceptual framework of this research which aims to discover the relationship between ROI and the historic financial indices documented in financial statements. The results from the empirical analysis shows that average three-year earning per share has a significant positive impact on ROI,while PB and NPL ratios have a significant negative impact on ROI, however, the size of the bank does not have an impact on ROI.
Update on Non-Pharmacological Interventions for Treatment of Post-Traumatic Headache

Post-traumatic headache (PTH) is the most common sequelae of traumatic brain injury (TBI). Its phenotypic variability, absence of formal evidence-based guidelines for treatment and underdiagnosis have made its management a challenge for clinicians. As a result, treatment of PTH has been mostly empiric. Although analgesics are the most popular drug of choice for PTH, they can present with several adverse effects and fail to address other psychosocial comorbidities associated with TBI. Non-pharmacological interventions thereby offer an intriguing alternative that can provide patients with PTH sustainable and effective care. This review article aims to: (1) provide an update on and describe different non-pharmacological interventions present in the recent literature; (2) provide clinical guidance to providers struggling with the management of patients with PTH; (3) emphasize the need for more high-quality trials examining the effectiveness of non-pharmacological treatments in patients with PTH. This review discusses 21 unique non-pharmacological treatments used for the management of PTH. Current knowledge of non-pharmacological interventions for the treatment of PTH is based on smaller scale studies, highlighting the need for larger randomized controlled trials to help establish formal evidence-based guidelines.
Analysis of Students' Concession Understanding Ability in Solving Physics Concepts

Analysis of Students' Concept Understanding in Solving Physics Problems at SMPN 27 Tanjung Jabung Timur. This research is descriptive quantitative research using a survey design which aims to determine the understanding of the physical concepts of class VII b students on unit quantities and measurements. The research subject was class VII B SMPN 27 Tanjabtim, which involved 20 students. The result data was obtained by giving a concept understanding test in the form of a post-test in the form of multiple choice. The data were analyzed descriptively; the percentage of understanding the concept of each indicator sequentially was 76%, illustrating 73%, classifying 28%, comparing 17%, and explaining 62%. It can be ascertained that the most dominant understanding of physics concepts for class VII b SMPN 27 Tanjabtim is indicators and is in the high category, while the most dominant is in comparison and is in a low category. Factors that cause low student understanding of concepts, namely, lack of interest and motivation of students to repeat the material learned, accustomed to learning by memorizing formulas, not being able to manipulate equations containing three variables and less thorough in understanding questions.