Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Hot electrons in semiconductors : physics and devices

PART 1. INTRODUCTION AND OVERVIEW 1. HOT ELECTRONS AND RELATED PHENOMENA: A BRIEF HISTORY - B K RIDLEY 2. MILESTONES OF HOT ELECTRON RESEARCH IN SEMICONDUCTORS - KARL HESS 3. GROWTH AND FABRICATION OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES FOR HOT ELECTRON RESEARCH - J J HARRIS AND C T FOXON 4. OPTICAL SPECTROSCOPY AS A TOOL IN HOT ELECTRON STUDIES - JAGDEEP SHAH PART 2. ELECTRON PHONON INTERACTIONS 5. ENERGY AND MOMENTUM RELAXATION OF HOT ELECTRONS BY ACOUSTIC PHONON EMISSION - A J KENT 6. SCATTERING OF ELECTRONS BY OPTICAL MODES IN BULK SEMICONDUCTORS AND QUANTUM WELLS - M BABIKER AND N ZAKHLENIUK 7. PHONON EMISSION AND ABSORPTION BY HOT ELECTRONS IN (-DOPED MULTIPLE LAYERS IN GAAS - M ASCHE 8. ULTRAFAST SPECTROSCOPY OF LOW DIMENSIONAL STRUCTURES - JOHN F RYAN 9. IMPACT PHENOMENA AND NONLINEAR SPATIO-TEMPORAL DYNAMICS OF HOT ELECTRONS IN SEMICONDUCTORS - ECKHARD SCHOLL 10. NON-EQUILIBRIUM PHONONS AND INSTABILITIES IN QUANTUM WELLS - N BALKAN PART 3. QUANTUM WELLS AND DOTS 11. CARRIER RELAXATION IN 1-D AND 0-D - C M SOTOMAYOR TORRES 12. ENERGY AND MOMENTUM RELAXATION OF HOT ELECTRONS IN LONG QUANTUM WIRES - ROBERTO CINGOLANI 13. ELECTRON PHONON INTERACTIONS IN ELECTRON TRANSFER DEVICES AND IN QUASI 1-D STRUCTURES - NABUHIKO SAWAKI PART 4. HOT ELECTRON TUNNELLING 14. ASPECTS OF TUNNELLING PHENOMENA IN NON-EQUILIBRIUM TRANSPORT - J R BARKER 15. PLASMON EXCITATION EFFECTS IN RESONANT TUNNELLING - L EAVES 16. HOT ELECTRONS AND SPACE CHARGE WAVES IN SUPERLATTICES - H T GRAHN PART 5. HOT ELECTRON DEVICES 17. HOT ELECTRONS IN SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES - SERGE LURYI 18. MOTE CARLO SIMULATION OF HOT ELECTRONS IN SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES - C JACOBONI, A ABRAMO AND R BRUNETTI 19. HOT ELECTRON EFFECTS IN QUANTUM WELL LASERS AND THE TUNNELLING INJECTION LASER - P K BHATTACHARAYA 20. ELECTROLUMINESCENCE BY IMPACT IONIZATION OF IMPURITIES IN SEMICONDUCTORS - GAETANO SCAMARCIO AND FREDERICO CAPASSO 21. HOT ELECTRONS IN N-I-P-I BASED DEVICES - G H DOHLER, J HEBER, M PETER, S ECKL, S MALZER, A FORSTER AND H LUTH
A new dual earthquake and submarine landslide source model for the 28 September 2018 Palu (Sulawesi), Indonesia tsunami

ABSTRACT The September 2018 Palu (Sulawesi, Indonesia) tsunami has been a heavily debated event because multiple source models of three different types have been proposed for this tsunami: (i) The Mw 7.5 earthquake, (ii) landslides, and (iii) dual earthquake and landslide. Surprisingly, all of these three types of models were reported as being successful in the literature in terms of reproducing the existing tsunami observations. This can be partly attributed to the limited observations available for this tsunami. This study is motivated by the results of a marine bathymetric survey, which identified evidence for submarine landslides within the Palu Bay. Our modeling shows that the tsunami cannot be exclusively attributed to the Mw 7.5 earthquake. Inspired by the results of the marine survey, we propose a dual source model including a submarine landslide although most of the existing models include subaerial coastal landslides. Our dual model comprises an earthquake model, which has a length of 264 km, a width of 37 km, and a slip of 0–8.5 m, combined with a submarine landslide with a length of 1.0 km, a width of 2.0 km, and a thickness of 80.0 m located at 119.823°E and −0.792°S.
Intravenous antibiotic duration in the treatment of prosthetic joint infection: systematic review and meta-analysis.

Introduction: Long antibiotic courses, including intravenous (IV) and oral administrations, are utilized in prosthetic joint infection (PJI) treatment. This meta-analysis examines the non-inferiority of short courses ( < 4 weeks) of IV antibiotics compared to long courses in treating PJI. Critical review of IV treatment is necessary due to the clinical, physical, and financial burden associated with it and its continued prolonged use in the US without much evidence to support the practice. Methods: Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA), databases were searched using predefined medical subject headings (MeSH). Results: The nine included studies reported 521 total hip arthroplasties (THAs) and 530 total knee arthroplasties (TKAs). There was no significant difference in the overall success rate in short- vs. long-duration IV antibiotics for PJI treatment: odds ratio (OR) of 1.65, 95 % confidence interval (CI) of 0.78-3.46, and p = 0 . 18. However, due to the moderate to high heterogeneity ( I 2 = 68 %, p < 0.01) amongst studies, an adjusted success rate was calculated after the exclusion of two studies. This showed a statistically significant difference between both groups (OR of 2.45, 95 % CI of 1.21-4.96, p < 0.001) favoring a short course of antibiotics and reflecting a more homogenous population ( I 2 = 51 %, p = 0 .06). Conclusion: This study highlights the limited data available for evaluating IV antibiotic duration in the setting of PJI. We found that a shorter duration of IV antibiotics was non-inferior to a longer duration, with an improved OR of 2.45 for treatment success, likely shortening inpatient stay as well as lessening side effects and antimicrobial resistance with a lower cost to patients and overall healthcare.
Numerical Simulation of Cavitation in a Centrifugal Pump at Low Flow Rate

Based on the full cavitation model which adopts homogeneous flow supposition and considering the compressibility effect on cavitation flow to modify the re-normalization group k- turbulence model by the density function, a computational model is developed to simulate cavitation flow of a centrifugal pump at low flow rate. The Navier-Stokes equation is solved with the SIMPLEC algorithm. The calculated curves of net positive suction head available (NPSHa) HNPSHa agree well with the experimental data. The critical point of cavitation in centrifugal pump can be predicted precisely, and the NPSH critical values derived from simulation are consistent with the experimental data. Thus the veracity and reliability of this computational model are verified. Based on the result of numerical simulation, the distribution of vapor volume fraction in the impeller and pressure at the impeller inlet are analyzed. Cavities first appear on the suction side of the blade head near the front shroud. A large number of cavities block the impeller channels, which leads to the sudden drop of head at the cavitation critical point. With the reduction of NPSHa, the distribution of pressure at the impeller inlet is more uniform.
Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Statin Use and Mortality, Intensive Care Unit Admission and Requirement for Mechanical Ventilation in COVID-19 Patients

There is mounting evidence that statin use is beneficial for COVID-19 outcomes. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the association between statin use and mortality, intensive care unit (ICU) admission and mechanical ventilation in COVID-19 patients, on studies which provided covariate adjusted effect estimates, or performed propensity score matching. We searched PubMed, Embase, Web of Science and Scopus for studies and extracted odds or hazard ratios for specified outcome measures. Data synthesis was performed using a random-effects inverse variance method. Risk of bias, heterogeneity and publication bias were analyzed using standard methods. Our results show that statin use was associated with significant reductions in mortality (OR = 0.72, 95% CI: 0.67–0.77; HR = 0.74, 95% CI: 0.69, 0.79), ICU admission (OR = 0.94, 95% CI: 0.89–0.99; HR = 0.76, 95% CI: 0.60–0.96) and mechanical ventilation (OR = 0.84, 95% CI: 0.78–0.92; HR = 0.67, 95% CI: 0.47–0.97). Nevertheless, current retrospective studies are based on the antecedent use of statins prior to infection and/or continued use of statin after hospital admission. The results may not apply to the de novo commencement of statin treatment after developing COVID-19 infection. Prospective studies are lacking and necessary.
Two novel MILP models with different flexibilities for solving integrated process planning and scheduling problems

Abstract Process planning and shop scheduling are considered two independent subsystems in traditional flexible manufacturing systems. For correlation and complementarity, integrated process planning and scheduling (IPPS), which has become the main focus of production research, is investigated. The commonly used approaches, intelligent algorithms and their variants, can efficiently find high-quality solutions but cannot guarantee their optimality and stability. To address these shortcomings, based on the OR-nodes of a process network, this paper establishes a mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) model with full-flexibility to solve small-scale IPPS problems. Additionally, for larger-scale problems, another model with semi-flexibility is generated by decomposing the flexibilities into two layers to simplify the original solution space of IPPS. Based on the semi-finished process routes generated by level-1 models, level-2 can search and obtain satisfactory results. The two proposed MILP models are coded in the optimisation programming language and solved by the linear solver CPLEX on 35 benchmark problems with different degrees of flexibility. Extensive experimental results successfully show the superiority of the two proposed models to the other state-of-the-art algorithms and MILP models.
Do illegitimate tasks undermine hospitality employees’ proactive customer service performance? A moderated dual-path model

ABSTRACT As hospitality firms face labor shortages, employees are asked to perform a greater range of tasks than ever before. However, employees may view certain tasks as outside the acceptable boundaries of their role, and consider them illegitimate. Illegitimate tasks can have a range of negative outcomes, yet we still do not understand how such tasks affect hospitality employees. Drawing on the cognitive-affective processing system framework, we investigate the effects of illegitimate tasks on proactive customer service performance (PCSP) of hospitality employees. In addition, we examine the intervening roles of harmonious work passion and perceived insider status, and the buffering role of traditionality. The results of two studies, using mixed methods, show that illegitimate tasks negatively affected proactive customer service performance (PCSP), and that perceived insider status and harmonious work passion mediate this relationship. Moreover, traditionality moderated these effects. These findings offer several theoretical and practical implications.
Microbiological Characterization of Cutibacterium acnes Strains Isolated from Prosthetic Joint Infections

Aims: This study aimed to characterize 79 Cutibacterium acnes strains isolated from prosthetic joint infections (PJIs) originated from eight European hospitals. Methods: Isolates were phylotyped according to the single-locus sequence typing (SLST) scheme. We evaluated the ability of the biofilm formation of C. acnes strains isolated from PJIs and 84 isolates recovered from healthy skin. Antibiotic susceptibility testing of planktonic and biofilm cells of PJI isolates and skin isolates was performed. Results: Most of the isolates from PJIs belonged to the SLST class H/phylotype IB (34.2%), followed by class D/phylotype IA1 (21.5%), class A/phylotype IA1 (18.9%), and class K/phylotype II (13.9%). All tested isolates were biofilm producers; no difference in biofilm formation was observed between the healthy skin group and the PJI group of strains. Planktonic and sessile cells of C. acnes remained highly susceptible to a broad spectrum of antibiotics, including beta-lactams, clindamycin, fluoroquinolones, linezolid, rifampin, and vancomycin. The minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) for planktonic and biofilm states coincided in most cases. However, the minimal biofilm eradication concentration (MBEC) was high for all antimicrobial drugs tested (>32 mg/L), except for rifampin (2 mg/L). Conclusions: C. acnes strains isolated from healthy skin were able to produce biofilm to the same extent as isolates recovered from PJIs. All C. acnes strains in planktonic and sessile states were susceptible to most antibiotics commonly used for PJI treatment, although rifampin was the only antimicrobial agent able to eradicate C. acnes embedded in biofilm.
Optimizing Botox regimens in patients with adductor spasmodic dysphonia and essential tremor of voice: A 31‐year experience

The purpose of this study was to quantitatively compare the effectiveness of unilateral and bilateral botulinum toxin A (BTX‐A) injections for mitigating undesirable weak/breathy voice quality and dysphagia for patients with adductor spasmodic dysphonia and/or essential tremor of voice (ETV).
Systems Optimization Methodology

Risk and uncertainty in the complex systems chance-constrained stochastic programming two-stage stochastic programming problems multistage stochastic programming problems game approach to stochastic programming problems existence of solution and its optimality in stochastic programming problems methods for solving infinite and semi-infinite programming problems optimization of fuzzy sets optimization of nonlinear programming problems with nonuniquely defined variables optimization problems in function spaces.
Opioid Misuse: A Review of the Main Issues, Challenges, and Strategies

In the United States, from 1999 to 2019, opioid overdose, either regularly prescribed or illegally acquired, was the cause of death for nearly 500,000 people. In addition to this pronounced mortality burden that has increased gradually over time, opioid overdose has significant morbidity with severe risks and side effects. As a result, opioid misuse is a cause for concern and is considered an epidemic. This article examines the trends and consequences of the opioid epidemic presented in recent international literature, reflecting on the causes of this phenomenon and the possible strategies to address it. The detailed analysis of 33 international articles highlights numerous impacts in the social, public health, economic, and political spheres. The prescription opioid epidemic is an almost exclusively North American problem. This phenomenon should be carefully evaluated from a healthcare systems perspective, for consequential risks and harms of aggressive opioid prescription practices for pain management. Appropriate policies are required to manage opioid use and prevent abuse efficiently. Examples of proper policies vary, such as the use of validated questionnaires for the early identification of patients at risk of addiction, the effective use of regional and national prescription monitoring programs, and the proper dissemination and translation of knowledge to highlight the risks of prescription opioid abuse.
Ionic Plasticity: Common Mechanistic Underpinnings of Pathology in Spinal Cord Injury and the Brain

The neurotransmitter GABA is normally characterized as having an inhibitory effect on neural activity in the adult central nervous system (CNS), which quells over-excitation and limits neural plasticity. Spinal cord injury (SCI) can bring about a modification that weakens the inhibitory effect of GABA in the central gray caudal to injury. This change is linked to the downregulation of the potassium/chloride cotransporter (KCC2) and the consequent rise in intracellular Cl− in the postsynaptic neuron. As the intracellular concentration increases, the inward flow of Cl− through an ionotropic GABA-A receptor is reduced, which decreases its hyperpolarizing (inhibitory) effect, a modulatory effect known as ionic plasticity. The loss of GABA-dependent inhibition enables a state of over-excitation within the spinal cord that fosters aberrant motor activity (spasticity) and chronic pain. A downregulation of KCC2 also contributes to the development of a number of brain-dependent pathologies linked to states of neural over-excitation, including epilepsy, addiction, and developmental disorders, along with other diseases such as hypertension, asthma, and irritable bowel syndrome. Pharmacological treatments that target ionic plasticity have been shown to bring therapeutic benefits.
Piecewise linear control systems - a computational approach

This book presents a computational approach to the analysis of nonlinear and uncertain systems. The main focus is systems with piecewise linear dynamics. The class of piecewise linear systems examined has nonlinear, possibly discontinuous dynamics, and allows switching rules that incorporate memory and logic. These systems may exhibit astonishingly complex behaviors. Some aspects of the successful theory of linear systems and quadratic criteria are extended here to piecewise linear systems and piecewise quadratic criteria. The book also describes numerical procedures for assessing stability, computing induced gains, and solving optimal control problems for piecewise linear systems. These developments enable researchers to analyze a large and practically important class of control systems that are not easily dealt with when using other techniques. (Less)
Comparative analysis of Listeria monocytogenes plasmid transcriptomes reveals common and plasmid‐specific gene expression patterns and high expression of noncoding RNAs

Recent research demonstrated that some Listeria monocytogenes plasmids contribute to stress survival. However, only a few studies have analyzed gene expression patterns of L. monocytogenes plasmids. In this study, we identified four previously published stress‐response‐associated transcriptomic data sets which studied plasmid‐harboring L. monocytogenes strains but did not include an analysis of the plasmid transcriptomes. The four transcriptome data sets encompass three distinct plasmids from three different L. monocytogenes strains. Differential gene expression analysis of these plasmids revealed that the number of differentially expressed (DE) L. monocytogenes plasmid genes ranged from 30 to 45 with log2 fold changes of −2.2 to 6.8, depending on the plasmid. Genes often found to be DE included the cadmium resistance genes cadA and cadC, a gene encoding a putative NADH peroxidase, the putative ultraviolet resistance gene uvrX, and several uncharacterized noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs). Plasmid‐encoded ncRNAs were consistently among the highest expressed genes. In addition, one of the data sets utilized the same experimental conditions for two different strains harboring distinct plasmids. We found that the gene expression patterns of these two L. monocytogenes plasmids were highly divergent despite the identical treatments. These data suggest plasmid‐specific gene expression responses to environmental stimuli and differential plasmid regulation mechanisms between L. monocytogenes strains. Our findings further our understanding of the dynamic expression of L. monocytogenes plasmid‐encoded genes in diverse environmental conditions and highlight the need to expand the study of L. monocytogenes plasmid genes' functions.
Fine-Structural Morphology of the Mouthparts of the Polyphagous Invasive Planthopper, Ricania speculum (Walker) (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha: Ricaniidae)

Simple Summary Mouthparts are the crucial organs for food detection and feeding. Here, the mouthparts of a representative of the planthopper family Ricaniidae are studied and illustrated in detail for the first time and compared to those of other species of plant-feeding Hemiptera. Abstract Mouthparts are the crucial sensory and feeding organs associated with food detection and feeding in insects. The Asian ricaniid planthopper Ricania speculum (Walker), recently introduced into Europe, can cause severe economic damage by sucking the phloem sap of tea, camphor, citrus, black locust and other plants using piercing-sucking mouthparts. To facilitate comprehensive understanding of feeding mechanisms in the Ricaniidae, the fine structure of the mouthparts of Ricania speculum was observed by scanning electron microscopy for the first time. The mouthparts are tubular, consist of a cone-shaped labrum, with a wrinkled epidermis and without sensilla; the tubular labium is divided into three segments: a slender stylet fascicle consisting of two mandibular stylets with four ridged processes and a row of longitudinal striations on the distal part of the outer surface; and two maxillary stylets with a smooth and sharp distal part, interlocked to form a larger food canal and a smaller salivary canal. On the labium, 15 kinds of sensilla of different functions were recognized. Two rows of short sensilla basiconica (SB I) are symmetrically distributed along the labial groove on the first segment. Two pairs of long sensilla basiconica (SB II) (proprioceptors) are on both sides of the labial groove at the junction of the second and third segments. A placoid, flattened sensillum (SPF) is symmetrically located laterally on the proximal end of the last segment and several flattened sensilla campaniformia (SFC) were visible on the ventral side on the second and third segments. The distribution of four types (I–IV) of sensilla cheatica of different lengths on the dorsal surface of the labium is significantly denser than on the lateral and ventral surfaces. The labial apex is divided into dorsal and ventral sensory fields, mainly including uniporous long peg sensilla (I), as well as smaller peg sensilla (II) and nonporous peg sensilla (PGSN) on each dorsal field. These nonporous sensilla basiconica (BSN I and III) occur on the ventral sensory fields and are constant in number and distribution. The nonporous sensilla basiconica (BSN II) are symmetrically arranged near the opening of the stylet fascicle similarly to two oval multiporous plate sensilla (OPSM). The sensilla arrangement is slightly different from that observed in previously studied Fulgoromorpha using scanning electron micrographs, which may reflect differences in feeding preference or behavior.
The Creative Life: A Daily Diary Study of Creativity, Affect, and Well-Being in Creative Individuals

ABSTRACT Participating in creative activities is associated with increased positive emotions and enhanced subjective well-being in general populations. However, these relationships are less understood in the daily lives of creative individuals who regularly engage in both professional creative behaviors and everyday creative experiences. Therefore, in this study, we recruited a sample of creative adults (N= 290; creative professionals, students studying creative disciplines, and hobbyists engaged in 20+ hours of creative activities per week) who provided daily responses on their creative behaviors, emotions, and flourishing over two weeks. Creative adults were found to be the most creative on days with highly activated positive emotions and increased well-being and were significantly less creative on days with negative emotions. Individuals with higher levels of openness have stronger ties between their emotions and overall daily creativity and everyday creativity than those with lower levels of openness. Increased openness does not appear to have the same moderating effects on professional creativity and emotion relationships. Finally, high conscientiousness and low neuroticism were also found to predict increased levels of creative activity. Overall, these findings provide novel insights into the links between the specific nature of daily creative activities and the personality and subjective well-being of creative individuals.
Understanding the Drivers of the Gender Productivity Gap in the Economics Profession

In this paper, I construct a novel data set from individual curriculum vitae of economists at the top 100 US departments to study gender differences in the drivers of scholarly performance. Using a Shapley decomposition procedure to estimate the contribution of each driver in explaining the variation in mean and inequality of research performance, I find that for women, current placement is a more important driver of performance and inequality in performance compared to men. For men, co-authorship is the most important driver. Overall, my results suggest that networks are the key driver of performance and of inequality in performance. JEL codes: A14, J16, J24