Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Sorption Isotherms of Acetone on Various Building Materials

The physical modelling of Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) suf fers a lack of sorption data for the most common Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) on building materials. This paper deals with an experimental facility that aimed to provide the sorption isotherms of gaseous contaminants on various materials. It was used to determine the sorp tion isotherms of acetone on chipboard, acrylic paint, and the gypsum core of commercially available gypsum board. After a brief introduction to fundamental princi ples of sorption, the experimental device is presented in detail. The results are reported and discussed, emphasis ing the description of the isotherm shapes and the possi ble partial reversibility of the sorption phenomenon for porous materials. The resulting curves are clearly non linear when dealing with gypsum and chipboard. More over, the sorption isotherms of acetone on gypsum were found to be different whether they were determined in the directions of increasing or decreasing concentra tions. Many questions remain unresolved about the phy sico-chemical processes involved, the sorption data to be considered for the purposes of IAQ modelling, and the way to account for the observed phenomenon when modelling the sorption/diffusion contaminant transport in building materials. — Copyright©2002 S. KargerAG, Basel
Ultrasonography-integrated risk profile for determining the need for radiotherapy after phase I surgery

Background: To explore the efficiency of transvaginal ultrasonography in determining muscular infiltration of phase I endometrial cancer prognosis for radiotherapy. Materials and Methods: A total of 96 phase I endometrial cancer patients who were admitted between March 2018 and March 2020 were enrolled and transvaginal ultrasonography was applied for the diagnosis of muscular infiltration. Demographic variables and radiotherapy outcomes were recorded. We hypnotized that only patients with unfavorable profile of sonography receive pelvic radiotherapy. Results: Patients with muscular infiltration > 1/2 had much thicker endometrium than those with muscular infiltration ≤ 1/2. the sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of transvaginal ultrasonography in diagnosis of muscular infiltration of phase I endometrial cancer versus surgery results were 84.9%, 88.9%, 87.5%, 80.0% and 91.8%, while the consistency and Kappa value between the transvaginal ultrasonography and pathological test was 72.2% and 0.580. Positive Likelihood ratio of muscular infiltration more than 1/2 was 2.10 (CI95%: 1.22 to 3.61), meaning that approximately 10 patients of 17 patients with muscular infiltration more than 1⁄2 would experience radiotherapy later. Negative Likelihood ratio was 0.63 (CI95%: 0.44 to 0.91), meaning that approximately 10 patients of 15 patients with muscular infiltration less or equal than 1⁄2 would not experience radiotherapy later. Conclusion: Muscular infiltration of endometrial cancer in transvaginal ultrasonography could be a reliable, simple, convenient and low-cost method predicting the need for the external beam pelvic radiotherapy as an unfavorable progression in endometrial cancer.
THE BALANCED DYNAMICAL BRIDGE: DETECTION AND SENSITIVITY TO PARAMETER SHIFTS AND NON-GAUSSIAN NOISE

In this paper we discuss a parametric sensing strategy employing noise activated escape in a bistable resonator; a system we refer to as the “balanced dynamical bridge. ” Noise acting on a bistable system causes random switching between the two metastable states, and the occupation probabilities are very sensitive to system parameters in the weak noise limit. We calculate this sensitivity and the measurement time required when the bridge is employed as a general use detector. The bridge sensitivity is found to be inversely proportional to the noise strength and the measurement time is exponential. We then proceed to consider the dynamical bridge as a detector of non-Gaussian noise. We develop the conditions under which the bridge population ratio is exponentially sensitive only to third and higher moments of a perturbing non-Gaussian noise. As an example, we discuss the implementation of the bridge using a micro- or nano-scale resonator modeled by Duffing’s equation. The locus of parameter values for which the bridge is balanced is presented and we give an example of measuring the statistics of a shot noise process. We also briefly discuss how this class of systems can be employed in micro/nano-scale resonator applications, including mass and force spectroscopy and electron transport.Copyright © 2012 by ASME
The practice of ground differential relaying

The basic concepts are presented of ground differential protection for transformers and generators. Ground differential relaying provides fast and sensitive ground fault protection for wye-connected and ground electrical power equipment such as rotating generators or power transformers. Because it is a differential system, there is no need to incorporate undesirable time delay or to sacrifice sensitivity for the sake of system coordination. The authors first explain ground differential relaying for power transformers and generators, and then explain the ground differential scheme using a commercially available product type relay. Finally, they illustrate a method of current transformer selection that will help better implementation of the ground differential scheme. <<ETX>>
Transformation of Biodegradable Organic Municipal Solid Waste to Compost Using Stationary and Rotary Units

This study aims to convert the municipal solid waste (MSW), which include garbage and chicken manure as raw biodegradable organic waste to produce a compost in order to transform these materials into recommended fertilizer. The principle of aerobic composting method is a waste oxidation through holding these mixed raw materials with a ratio of 1:1 garbage and chicken manure in two units of composting, rotary unit and stationary unit with recommended Carbon/Nitrogen ratio C/N of 20:1 and pH of 6.5 with moisture content of about 40% by adding water during composting process and presence of oxygen naturally. The period time of composting process was 69 days to get normal temperature of compost bulk equal to ambient temperature and pH value as natural value using two composting units. The composting results during first 30 days shows the temperature values 59.5 and 55oC for rotary unit and stationary units that refers to microbial action of microorganism and decomposition of organic matter to energy as heat. The pH values were having acidic state during first week that refers to the formation of organic acids. The final compost characteristics show a C/N ratio of 20.8 and 22.275 for rotary and stationary units, respectively with a decrease in C% and N%, which refers to a successful composting process, where Nitrogen, Phosphor and Potassium NPK values were (1.428:1.719:4.508) % for rotary unit and (1.361:0.419:3.884) % for stationary unit and electrical conductivity of 5.5 and 6.04 mS/cm as acceptable value according to the recommended standard values.
Multi-Network-Feedback-Error-Learning in pelletizing plant control

This work is devoted to present a control application in an industrial process of iron pellet cooking in an important mining company in Brazil. This work uses an adaptive control in order to improve the performance of the conventional controller already installed in the plant. The main strategy approached here is known Multi-Network-Feedback-Error-Learning (MNFEL), it uses multiple neural networks in the strategy Feedback-Error-Learning (FEL).
Analysis of Immune Markers and Hematological Features in Plasmodium/Dengue Virus Co-infected Patients in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso

Malaria and dengue are two important vector ‑ borne infections that are common in tropical countries. In these areas, simultaneous occurrence of malaria and dengue in an individual cannot be excluded, although published reports of co ‑ infections are scarce till date. The Aims of this study were to identify dengue and malaria co-infection cases as well as to ascertain the severity of dengue and malaria in co ‑ infection based on some hematological parameters. A cross-sectional study was conducted from June to November 2019 and 385 subjects with an undifferentiated febrile illness patients were recruited at outpatient clinics and blood sample were collected. All samples were tested for dengue NS1 antigen and for dengue IgM/IgG. Malaria diagnosis was based on the identification of Plasmodium parasites on a thin and thick blood films microscopy. Among the 385 patients included in the study, 23.9% were tested positive for malaria, 32.5% were positive for dengue, and 7.01% showed concurrent infection of both malaria and dengue. Malaria and dengue co-infected patients presented lower leukocytes level (5.024±0.559) than malaria monoinfected patients (7.304± 0.388; p =0.002). A significant reduction in platelet counts was observed in co-infected patients (164.0±10.91 vs 229.1±14.32; p =0.005). Conversely, hemoglobin level was statistically lower in malaria monoinfected patients than dengue monoinfected patients ( p =0.014). Thus this study demonstrates that the diagnosis of dengue and malaria should be carried out routinely for better management of fever.
Modeling the Speeded Determinants of Adolescents’ Academic and Attentional Functioning

ABSTRACT The current study utilized a large, unselected sample of adolescent twins to examine whether processing speed (PS) is an important shared predictor that accounts for covariance among reading, math, ADHD, and rapid naming (RN). The best fitting model included correlated but distinguishable latent measures of PS, RN, reading, math, inattention, hyperactivity/impulsivity, and academic fluency. PS was a shared predictor across all outcomes, while RN was uniquely associated with reading, fluency, and (albeit weakly) math. The results add to a growing literature suggesting that PS and RN may be important components of comprehensive neuropsychological models of academics, ADHD, and their covariation.
Computation of eddy-current losses in cable sheaths and busbar enclosures

The usual method of calculating cable-sheath eddy-current losses gives satisfactory results for high-resistance sheaths but not for low-resistance sheaths. A method developed by Dwight for calculating this type of loss in unbonded busbar enclosures is applicable for low-resistance cable sheaths, but is not presented in a generalised form. A general method is given for the calculation of eddy-current losses in parallel and arbitrarily spaced thin tubes, some or all of which may contain other tubes. Two special cases are derived: one for three tubes equally spaced in triangular formation and the other for three tubes equally spaced lying in a plane. A table of loss factors has been prepared and deposited in the IEE Library. It covers wide ranges of two basic parameters, which enables it to be applied both to cable sheaths and busbar enclosures. Extracts from the table are given in the paper. It is shown that the finite wall thickness of the tubes can introduce appreciable additional losses, and an approximate formula for these is given.
E-plane symmetrical five-port waveguide junction with oversized central cavity

The mathematically rigorous least-squares boundary residual method is used to develop a reliable model of a symmetrical five-port waveguide junction that has an oversized central cavity loaded with metallic rod and dielectric sleeve. Tests on a prototype junction yield measured scattering-coefficient results that are in excellent agreement with the predicted values over the entire WR90 bandwidth.
Grade retention rates: Impact of standards-based grading as compared to a traditional grading system in 3rd and 5 th grades

3 Dedication . 4 Acknowledgements . 5 List of Tables.8 List of Figures . 9 List of Abbreviations . 10 CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION . 12 Introduction . 12 Background . 16 Problem Statement . 17 Purpose Statement . 20 Significance of the Study . 23 Research Questions . 23 Null Hypotheses . 23 Identification of Variables . 24 Definitions . 25 CHAPTER TWO: REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE . 27 Introduction . 27 Conceptual or Theoretical Framework . 28 Prior Studies . 33 Summary . 55 CHAPTER THREE: METHODOLOGY . 58 Introduction . 58 Design. 60 Questions and Hypotheses . 62 Null Hypotheses . 63 Participants . 63 Setting. 64 Instrumentation. 65
Finite element analysis of skin effect in copper interconnects at 77 K and 300 K

A methodology is presented for calculating normal skin effect in complex geometries using the finite-element method. The results are used to analyze the performance of copper interconnects at 77 K and 300 K for both digital and microwave applications. The analysis includes attenuation per unit length, phase velocity and characteristic impedance as a function of frequency from DC to 10 GHz. It was found that for digital signal propagation, skin effects are important for predicting rise-time degradation for rise-time less than 1.2 times the flight delay, while for larger rise-times, the DC resistance corresponding to the cross-section of the signal line is adequate for explaining the lossy characteristics. <<ETX>>
Design and characterization of superlattice infrared photodetector operating at low bias voltage

In this paper, we investigate the performance and characterization of a 15-period superlattice embedded between two thick AlGaAs barriers. The structure can operate at low bias voltage with less power consumption for 8-10 /spl mu/m long-wavelength infrared detection. In our design, one barrier is used to reduce the dark current and the other one is designed to enhance the collection efficiency of photoelectrons at the collector contact. The fabricated detector can be operated at a bias voltage lower than 0.1 V and exhibits a pronounced photovoltaic response. The spectral response shows voltage dependence around 0 V. At high bias voltage (>25 mV) the spectral lineshape is independent of bias and is around 8-10 /spl mu/m with peak wavelength at 9.3 /spl mu/m. At lower bias voltage the response is shifted toward shorter wavelength range. The peak responsivity was found to be 12 mA/W at /spl lambda//sub p/=8.7 /spl mu/m and zero bias and 85 mA/W at /spl lambda//sub p/=9.3 /spl mu/m and 0.1 V. Background limitation can be achieved up to 65 K with bias voltage less than 0.1 V. The measured noise power spectral density of the dark current at 77 K shows the characteristics of full shot noise rather than generation-recombination noise. The peak detectivity is determined to be D/sup */=3.5/spl times/10/sup 9/ cm/spl radic/(Hz)/W at 77 K and 0.1 V. In comparison with a conventional 30-period QWIP, our detector has the advantages of better performance at low bias voltages with lower power consumption and a tunable feature of spectral range.
PARASITIC NEMATODE INFECTIONS OF ANURANS FROM A DERIVED SAVANNA BIOTOPE IN EDO STATE, NIGERIA

As part of a broader study to increase the information of parasite infections of anurans from the savanna biotope, an investigation of the nematode parasites of anurans in Agbede, a location in the derived savanna of Edo State, Nigeria was undertaken from August 2007 to July 2008. Anurans were collected at night using the visual acoustic encounter survey (VAES) sampling method, dissected and examined for nematode infections. A total of 329 anurans belonging to sixteen taxa, were examined, of which 235 were infected with an overall prevalence of 71.43%. Seasonal prevalences were 85.63% for wet season and 52.48% for the dry season (p<0.05). Ten nematode species, namely: Amplicaecum africanum, Cosmocerca ornata, Oswaldocruzia hoeplii, Physaloptera sp. , Rhabdias africanus, Rhabdias sp. , Camallanus dimitrovi, an unidentified oxyurid nematode, Ophidascaris larva, and an unidentified nematode were recovered from the hosts examined. The most common nematode species was Amplicaecum africanum (31.31%), whereas the least common was an unidentified oxyurid nematode (0.30%). Physaloptera sp. is a new record for the anurans of the derived savanna.
Flat-gain operation of 1580 nm-band EDFA with gain variation of 0.2 dB over 1579-1592 nm

The flat-gain operation of a gain-shifted EDFA (GS-EDFA : 1580 nm-band EDFA) is described. The GS-EDFA provides a flat gain profile with a gain variation of < 0.2 dB for an average gain of 28 dB in the 1579–1592 nm wavelength range (13 nm). 16 channel × 10 Gbit/s WDM signals are successfully transmitted over 800 km (80 km × 10 span) of dispersion-shifted fibre using the proposed GS-EDFA with no gain equalisation or pre-emphasis.
Numerical simulation of hydraulic transients in hydropower plant using safety membranes

A new mechanical device consisting of a set of safety membranes has been used in several small hydropower stations in China in lieu of a surge tank. Safety membranes are controlled weak points mounted on the penstock near the powerhouse. Whenever pressure on the membranes rises to the preset value, one or more membranes rupture, protecting the penstock and the unit effectively. The device is simple, reliable, and beneficial. This paper proposes a mathematical model for analyzing hydraulic transients of a hydropower plant where a set of safety membranes is mounted to replace an expensive surge tank. The prevailing method is employed in order to solve the momentum and continuity equations describing transient flow in closed conduits. An optimization procedure is developed to guarantee the convergence of the interative process for calculating pressure rises due to water hammer when Kaplan turbines are installed. Using this model, transients of generator load rejections are calculated in Linzhengqu hydropower.
Effect of conservation tillage on crop yield and soil organic carbon in Northeast China: A meta‐analysis

Northeast China, the important grain‐producing region in China, is under threat from soil degradation because of long‐term conventional tillage (CT). The adoption of conservation tillage is anticipated to restore soil fertility, maintain crop yields and enhance sustainability. However, the integrated effects of conservation tillage practice on crop yields and soil organic carbon (SOC) remain unclear. In this meta‐analysis of peer‐reviewed studies conducted in the Northeast China region, we assess crop yields and SOC values under no‐till, ridge tillage and subsoiling tillage practices. The results indicate that in areas with mean annual temperatures (MAT) below 3°C, crop yields were significantly (p < .05) higher under ridge tillage (0.8%) and subsoiling tillage (13.1%) compared with CT, whereas yields reduced under no‐till (−3.7%). Ridge tillage generally had a similar effect on crop yield as no‐till, without the negative impact in colder regions. We also report that no‐till practice increased SOC concentrations by 24.1%, 43.9% and 17.4% in areas of higher temperature (MAT > 6°C), low mean annual precipitation (MAP) (<500 mm) and continuous cropping conditions, respectively. Ridge tillage and subsoiling tillage also had positive effects on SOC concentrations (to a lesser degree than no‐till), indicating that conservation tillage can enhance SOC in Northeast China. Overall, the implementation of different conservation tillage measures in Northeast China was found to enhance crop yields and sequester carbon. We recommend that ridge tillage is used in colder areas and that subsoiling tillage is used in rotation with other tillage measures to maintain crop yields.
Low dose proton radiation sensitivity of quartz resonators

The results of the testing of 4 MHz, 10.24 MHz and 10.95 MHz 3rd overtone SC-cut quartz crystals confirms earlier work on 5/sup th/ overtone AT-Cut, SC-Cut crystals. The testing showed that low dose rate radiation sensitivity is manufacturing lot dependent. Frequency variations due to low dose rate proton and gamma ray exposures varied between <1/spl times/10/sup -11/ and 4/spl times/10/sup -10/ per Rad. The majority of the crystals exhibited radiation sensitivities of 3-5/spl times/10/sup -11/ per Rad. The hypothesis that a nonlinear relationship exists between low dose rate and high total dose rate was confirmed. Testing indicated that the majority of crystals exhibited a conditioning effect during successive exposures to low dose radiation.
Towards a Standard Method for Estimating Fragmentation Rates in Emulsification Experiments

The fragmentation rate function connects the fundamental drop breakup process with the resulting drop size distribution and is central to understanding or modeling emulsification processes. There is a large interest in being able to reliably measure it from an emulsification experiment, both for generating data for validating theoretical fragmentation rate function suggestions and as a tool for studying emulsification processes. Consequently, several methods have been suggested for measuring fragmentation rates based on emulsion experiments. Typically, each study suggests a new method that is rarely used again. The lack of an agreement on a standard method has become a substantial challenge. This contribution critically and systematically analyses four influential suggestions of how to measure fragmentation rate in terms of validity, reliability, and sensitivity to method assumptions. The back-calculation method is identified as the most promising—high reliability and low sensitivity to assumption—whereas performing a non-linear regression on a parameterized model (as commonly suggested) is unsuitable due to its high sensitivity. The simplistic zero-order method is identified as an interesting supplemental tool that could be used for qualitative comparisons but not for quantification.
Prediction and Measurement of Thermoacoustic Improvements in Gas Turbines With Annular Combustion Systems

Environmental compatibility requires low emission burners for gas turbine power plants. In the past, significant progress has been made developing low NO x and CO burners by introducing lean premixed techniques in combination with annular combustion chambers, Unfortunately, these burners often have a more pronounced tendency to produce combustion-driven oscillations than conventional burner designs, The oscillations may be excited to such an extent that the risk of engine failure occurs. For this reason, the prediction of these thermoacoustic instabilities in the design phase of an engine becomes more and more important. A method based on linear acoustic four-pole elements has been developed to predict instabilities of the ring combustor of the 3A-series gas turbines, The complex network includes the whole combustion system starting from both compressor outlet and fuel supply system and ending at the turbine inlet. The flame frequency response was determined by a transient numerical simulation (step-function approach). Based on this method, possible improvements for the gas turbine are evaluated in this paper. First, the burner impedance is predicted theoretically and compared with results from measurements on a test rig for validation of the prediction approach. Next, the burner impedance in a gas turbine combustion system is analyzed and improved thermoacoustically, Stability analyses for the gas turbine combustion system show the positive impact of this improvement. Second, the interaction of the acoustic parts of the gas turbine system has been detuned systematically in circumferential direction of the annular combustion chamber in order to find a more stable configuration. Stability analyses show the positive effect of this measure as well, The results predicted are compared with measurements from engine operation. The comparisons of prediction and measurements show the applicability of the prediction method in order to evaluate the thermoacoustic stability of the combustor as well as to define possible countermeasures.