Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Caracterização citomorfológica do tumor venéreo transmissível canino correlacionada com danos citogenéticos, taxa de proliferação e resposta clínica à quimioterapia

In this study were evaluated 137 neoplastic masses of transmissible venereal tumor from clinical attendance at the Veterinary Hospital and Central biotery of UNESP (Botucatu campus), between March 2002 and September 2004. The cytological samples were stained by the Giemsa method and, by preestablished criteria, divided into three cytomorphological patterns: lymphocyte-like, plasma cell-like and mixed. Then, They were regrouped by biological behavior as primary or non-primary (metastatic or recurrent). The aim of the present work was to identify and compare nuclear abnormalities occurrence (binucleation, multinucleation, nuclear buds, nuclear lobulation and micronucleation), to evaluate cytomorphometric parameters by the critical electrolyte concentration (CEC) technique, to determinate proliferation ratio by immunoreaction with Ki-67 (MIB-1) antibody and AgNOR quantification. Additionally, the immunolabelling with p-glycoprotein antibody, and the clinical response to chemotherapy, were evaluated and correlated. The results showed a higher frequency of nuclear lobulation in the plasma-cell-like pattern. The nucleolus area and nucleolus: nucleus ratio were greater in primary masses. The proliferative index measured by Ki-67 immunocytochemistry was most elevated in the plasma-cell-like and not primary tumors. The AgNOR point average was highest in lymphocyte-like patterns. The expression of p-glycoprotein was highest in plasma-cell-like and non-primary masses than in the others. Similarly, the plasma-cell-like group showed a larger partial response to chemotherapy than the other two patterns, although the lymphocyte-like group presented the largest percentage of complete response. The association between p-glycoprotein expression and clinical response revealed that with the partial response had greater p-glycoprotein expressions than the total response ones. With respect to cytomorphological patterns of transmissible venereal tumor, we concluded that plasma-cell-like cells
The Zambezi River in Moçambique

SUMMARY. Surveys of the physico-chemical status of the River Zambezi in Mocambique were conducted between April 1973 and May 1974, to characterize the river prior to the closure of the Cabora Bassa Dam and to provide baseline data from which future changes in the river ecosystem can be followed. The temperature of the river water increases by about 3°C from Lake Kariba to the sea, and with an average pH of 7.8 the water is slightly more alkaline than Kariba Dam water. The river is well oxygenated with no sign of hydrogen sulphide. Transparency is generally very low and changes are mainly determined by the floods of local tributaries. The overall average total alkalinity is 55 mg 1−1 CaCO3, with no regular seasonal variation, average concentrations of chloride and sulphate are respectively, 5.4 mg 1−1 Cl− and 5.3 mg 1−1 SO2-4. They increase under both the influence of the ionically rich Shire River and the sea; the latter due to vertical mixing. Total hardness and calcium hardness behave in a similar way, while conductivity and silica concentrations increase slightly until the Zambezi—Shire confluence, at which point, conductivity increases by 25% to an average peak value of 153 μS cm−1, and silica decreases by 15% to a minimum average value of 15.5 mg 1−1 SiO2. Ammonia and nitrate concentrations show a clear seasonal variation, with respectively, minimum dry season and maximum wet season average values of about 0.05 mg 1−1 and 0.3 mg 1−1. The overall average concentration of nitrite is 0.004 mg 1−1. Orthophosphate in the river is mostly affected by Lake Kariba, though other sources are also of some importance. Maximum average concentrations of about 0.4 mg 1−1 PO3-4 were recorded during the dry season after the overturn of Lake Kariba. The concentration of dissolved metals is mainly determined by the outflow of Kariba and by the Shire River, with only K and Mg apparently affected by the outflow from Lake Kafue. It is concluded that the water quality of the Middle Zambezi is mainly determined by the Kariba Dam, with the Kafue Dam playing a minor role. At the time of the pre-impoundment survey, the main impact on water quality of the Lower Zambezi came from the Shire River. With the addition of yet another large reservoir on the Zambezi, in the form of Cabora Bassa, together with the appreciable effect of tributary rivers on the lake, and the likely increased impact of the Shire River on the now more regulated river, the quality of the Lower Zambezi is expected to alter considerably, with concomitant ecological changes.
The capsaicin and dihydrocapsaicin contents in soft-flesh fruit of Capsicum frutescens L. and Capsicum annuum L. hybrids

Soft-flesh fruit can be used to produce juices or pastes obtained by mechanical separation of the soft tissue of pericarp from inedible parts. Genotypes selected from interspecific hybrids of Capsicum frutescens L. and Capsicum annuum L. were used as the research material. A general assessment of technological usefulness of the fruit was carried out, and as a result it was noted that there was some diversity in the sizes of the ripe fruit, their mean weight and wall thickness. Significant differences were observed in biotechnological performance – understood as the amount of pericarp separated from inedible parts, namely the placenta with seeds, the remnants of internal partitions and the peel. An hpLc analysis was carried out in order to determine the capsaicin and dihydrocapsaicin contents. the genotypes under examination differed in terms of the contents of capsaicinoids, as well as their ratios. the average values for genotype groups were comparable, and capsaicin and dihydrocapsaicin participation was similar. considering the amounts of capsaicinoids, the genotypes with the highest content of them can be classified as mildly piquant.
Developmental plasticity in an unusual animal: The effects of incubation temperature on behavior in chameleons

The thermal environment within a reptile nest can affect the phenotypic traits of hatchlings, and hence (potentially) their fitness. Research on this topic needs to measure phenotypic traits relevant to the species involved; and hence, studies on unusual species need to measure unusual traits. We investigated the effects of two incubation temperatures on the morphology and behaviour of hatchling veiled chameleons ( Chamaeleo calyptratus). Colder-incubated eggs exhibited a longer incubation period, but produced larger faster-growing hatchlings. Incubation treatment also affected a chameleon’s activity level and its unique foraging tactics. Cold-incubated animals were more sedentary, caught prey faster, and extended their tongues farther to reach prey than did their warm-incubated counterparts. Thus, the fitness costs of low temperatures in the nest (slow development, and thus late hatching) may be offset by incubation-derived enhancements in hatchling growth rates and foraging abilities.
Effect of Feed Ingredients on Digestive Enzyme Secretion in Fish (The 41st Scientific Symposium of the UJNR Aquaculture Panel : Advanced Aquaculture Technologies)

In response to the limitation in the global supply of fish meal, the traditional protein source used in aquaculture feed, efforts have increasingly been focused on the use of alternative protein sources of plant origin. However, plant ingredients may cause growth retardation in aquaculture fish species. Feed nutrients must be digested for their utilization, and so pancreatic digestive enzymes have essential roles for the digestion. Also, cholecystokinin (Cck) is known to be a hormone that stimulates the secretion of digestive enzymes in vertebrates. To improve the utilization of plant based diets in fish, we investigated the effects of various feed ingredients on secretion of digestive enzymes in red seabream Pagrus major and yellowtail Seriola quinqueradiata, which are commercially important aquaculture species in Japan. We first investigated the effect of soybean meal on digestive enzyme secretion in red seabream. Activities of pancreatic digestive enzymes (trypsin, chymotrypsin, lipase, amylase) in the intestinal content of a soybean meal based diet (SBM) fed fish were lower than those of a fish meal based diet (FM) fed fish. Also, lower gene expression levels of the digestive enzymes in the hepatopancreas were observed in the SBM fed fish compared with the FM fed fish. These data indicate the FM diet stimulated the secretion/synthesis of pancreatic digestive enzymes to a greater degree than the SBM diet. Then, we tried to identify the stimulation factor in fish meal. Administration of a FM water-soluble fraction increased the gene expression of trypsin, lipase, cck and cck receptor (cck-1r) in yellowtail, suggesting the enzyme stimulation factor may exist in the water-soluble fraction of FM. Supplementation of the enzyme stimulation factor, although not identified yet, may improve the utilization of plant based diets in aquaculture fish species.
Pollination 'principles' revisited: specialization, pollination syndromes, and the evolution of flowers

We call attention to the continuing value of the contributions of K. Faegri and L. van der Pijl in their classic book on pollination ecology (1966, 1971, 1979). We try to show that: 1) Some of the recent disagreement about the importance of specialization in the evolution of pollination systems is the result of confusing evolutionary specialization with ecological specialization. 2) Empirical and theoretical arguments about the importance of multiple pollinator species have sometimes ignored the observation that not all floral visitors are pollinators, only some of these pollinators are quantitatively important, and only a further subset generates selection. 3) Several lines of empirical evidence support the commonness of evolutionary specialization, although tight specialization in pollination ecology is extremely rare. 4) There are limits to specialization in pollination ecology and it is important to understand them. 5) If defined broadly, pollination syndromes have utility, and may reflect stable correlations among functionally related traits. The maintenance and stability of these traits may be explained by contemporary stabilizing selection, genetic/developmental constraints or homeostasis, or some combination of these processes.
The influence of nutritive lipid sources on the growth and chemical and fatty acid composition of carp (Cyprinus carpio L.)

The purpose of the present study was to determine the influence of animal and plant lipids (cod-liver, soybean and sunflower-seed oil, sunflower-seed and tallow fatty acids, sunflower-seed lecithin) on the growth and chemical and fatty acid composition of carp, Cyprinus carpio L. Eight isocaloric diets that were processed into granules and distributed in three experiments were used. The nutritive lipid sources that were a component of the carp diets stimulated growth, protein absorption, and the retention of fats and protein. The fatty acids extracted from the carp in the 2+ age group were either oleic-linoleic-palmitic or oleic-palmitic-linoleic. The individual fatty acid profile was influenced by the composition of the lipid sources. *
Actividad insecticida y fijadora de nitrógeno de la bacteria transformada Paenibacillus polymyxa que expresa Cry1C

Se realizaron ensayos de laboratorio con el objeto de conocer la posibilidad de utilización de la bacteria Paenibacillus polymyxa modificada genéticamente para expresar la toxina Cry1C de Bacillus thuringiensis como un sistema de aplicación de proteínas Cry para el control del noctuido Spodoptera littoralis en cultivos de algodón. Se ha estudiado la actividad insecticida en larvas de primer estadio de S. littoralis y la persistencia de la cepa de P. polymyxa transformada, en comparación con la misma cepa no modificada y con B. thuringiensis var. aizawai que expresa de forma natural la toxina. Los resultados muestran que la bacteria transformada tiene una mayor toxicidad (CL50=7,04x107 espora+cristal/ml) que B. thuringiensis var. aizawai (CL50=8,47x107 espora+cristal/ml). Se encontraron altos niveles de supervivencia de la bacteria en el interior de los tejidos foliares y actividad insecticida al menos hasta 720 horas después del tratamiento foliar. Por otro lado, su aplicación en la planta aumenta la cantidad de nitrógeno y en el suelo mejora la actividad nitrogenasa, en comparación con P. polymyxa no transformada.
Factors Affecting Enzyme Activity

e studied the effect of temperature, enzyme concentration and pH on enzyme activity. The enzyme we studied was hydrogen peroxidase from a cow. The reaction converted hydrogen peroxide to water and oxygen and oxygen production was used as a measure of enzyme activity. We studied enzyme activity at temperatures of 9 C, 37 C, 41 C. It showed that at 9 C, there was almost no activity. The activity at 41 was 1.5X the activity at 37. The enzyme was tested using 1⁄2X, 1X and 2X enzyme concentration. Significant enzyme activity was seen at 1x enzyme concentration and the 1⁄2X enzyme concentration trial showed almost the same activity. The activity at 2X enzyme concentration was approximately 2 times that at 1X enzyme concentration. Finally, we tested the effect of pH on the enzyme with pH 7, pH 1 and pH 11. The enzyme activity was highest at neutral pH (7) and showed only 1/3 enzyme activity at pH 11while pH of 1 showed no enzyme activity. Introduction: Enzymes are catalysts or chemical agents that speed up chemical reactions without being consumed by the reaction (Reece et al. 2010). Most enzymes are proteins that function to reduce activation energy in chemical reactions (Petersen and Anderson 2005). Enzymes work on reactants called substrate; the enzyme attaches to the substrate and then the enzyme converts the substrate to products while the enzyme remains unaffected (Reece et al. 2010). Enzyme activity can be affected by environmental factors (Petersen and Anderson 2005). Temperature is one environmental factor that can affect enzyme activity (Conant 2012). Another factor that affects enzymes is pH (Leake and Read 1990). In this lab, we will be studying the effects of temperature, enzyme concentration and pH on the enzyme, hydrogen peroxidase that is found in all aerobic cells and functions to decompose hydrogen peroxide (Petersen and Anderson 2005). Materials and methods: A strip of filter paper was dipped into a cow liver homogenate for 10 seconds and then placed in a chamber. 20 mL of 1.5% H2O2 was added to the chamber and the chamber was plugged with a stopper and then placed in a water bath. After 5 minutes, a 50 mL graduated cylinder filled with water was overturned over the chamber to flow the H2O2. Measurements of oxygen released were taken at 5 second intervals for one minute for each trial. This experiment was done with three different variables: Temperature, enzyme concentration and pH. The temperatures tested were: 9 C, 37 C, 41 C. The enzyme concentration was done using 1⁄2 strip, 1 strip and 2 strips of filter paper (representing 1⁄2X, 1X and 2X enzyme concentration) keeping the temperature at 37 C. The pH test was done using 1 strip with 5 drops of 50% HCl added to the H2O2 to produce a pH of 1. Another pH test was performed by adding 5 drops of 50% NaOH to the H2O2 to yield a pH of 11. The third trial was kept at pH 7. The temperature for the pH trials was at 37 C. W 1 Eed: Factors Affecting Enzyme Activity Produced by The Berkeley Electronic Press, 2013
Prevalence of Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli(EPEC) in Adult Diarrhea Cases and their AntibioticSusceptibility Pattern

Introduction: Diarrheagenic Escherichia coli (DEC), an important etiologic agent of diarrhea is a major public health problem in developing countries. Relatively few studies have reported the role of enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC) as etiological agent of adult diarrhea. Objective: To know the prevalence of EPEC in adults and to know their antimicrobial susceptibility patterns. Methods: Diarrheagenic stool samples (n=300), received at the department of Microbiology, Kasturba Medical College hospital, Mangalore, were cultured to isolate E. coli and other intestinal pathogens. Biochemically identified E. coli isolates were further characterized by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Moreover, all the stool samples were subjected directly to PCR. Antibiotic susceptibility for EPEC was done by Kirby Bauer’s disk diffusion method. Results: Of the 300 stool samples processed, 61 samples showed the growth of E. coli. Four samples had grown Shigella flexneri, three were Vibrio cholerae and One was Aeromonas hydrophila. Among the E. coli isolates characterized by PCR, four were typical EPEC, and atypical EPEC and one isolate was found to be Enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC). PCR performed directly on stool samples also yielded the same result. Antibiotic susceptibility testing revealed 42% of the E. coli other than DEC to be extended spectrum beta lactamase (ESBL) producers. However, one of the atypical EPEC was an ESBL producer. Conclusions: In this study DEC, including EPEC types I and II, was found in a number of adult diarrheagenic stool samples and could be a possible cause of diarrhea in these patients. our study highlights the importance of PCR to differentiate atypical and typical EPEC. Presence of ESBL in commensal E. coli is a concern. Further characterization of these isolates from diarrheagenic individual and healthy controls is necessary to know their epidemiological significance.
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs– What do we (not) know about them

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) reversibly inhibit the functioning of cyclooxygenase (COX) – the rate-limiting enzyme in prostaglandin synthesis, and express anti-inflammatory, antipyretic and analgesic effects. NSAIDs are among the most widely used medications in the world and are prescribed for the treatment of various forms of chronic and acute pain, arthritic conditions, rheumatism, fever/pyrexia, gout, etc. Some of them (aspirin) are used also for prevention of secondary cardiovascular disease due to their ability to suppress platelet aggregation. The mini-review summarizes data about mechanism(s) of action, application side effects/toxicity of these drugs as well as their potential activity.
FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG BERHUBUNGAN DENGAN PENERAPAN KOMUNIKASI TERAPEUTIK OLEH PERAWAT PADA PASIEN DI RUANG RAWAT INAP RUMAH SAKIT UMUM DAERAH RADEN MATTAHER JAMBI

Bac k ground : From the preliminary study it was found that many nurses did not carry out therapeutic communication properly in accordance with the procedure. The purpose of this study is to obtain a description of the application of therapeutic communication and the knowledge of the application of therapeutic communication by the nurse and to know the factors related to the application of therapeutic communication by the nurses in the patient in the inpatient ward of Raden Mattaher General Hospital in Jambi in 2016. Method : This research was conducted at General Hospital of Raden Mattaher Jambi about Factors Associated With Application Of Therapeutic Communication By Nurse In Patient In The Inpatient Room of Raden Mattaher General Hospital Jambi from 27 February to 4 March 2016 with respondents 72 people The study design was cross sectional. Result : From the research, the high therapeutic communication is not good. From the result of statistical test by using chi-square analysis with P <0,05, there is a correlation between the application of therapeutic communication with education, work period, education, attitude and gender. Efforts can be made to improve the application of good therapeutic communication can be done by improving higher education, increasing nurse knowledge about therapeutic communication, improvement of work period, nurse can do good attitude in applying therapeutic communication and nurse woman can apply therapeutic communication with Both in the patient.
Growth, survival and immune activity of scallops, Chlamys farreri Jones et Preston, compared between suspended and bottom culture in Haizhou Bay, China

We examined the growth, survival and immune response of the scallop, Chlamys farreri, during a 1-year period in deep water of Haizhou Bay. Scallops were cultured using two methods: (1) in lantern nets at a 5 m depth and (2) in a bottom culture system (sleeves) on the seabed at about a 25 m depth. Shell heights, meat dry weight and immune activities in the haemolymph (superoxide dismutase and myeloperoxidase) were measured bimonthly or quarterly from July 2007 to June 2008. Survival was measured at the end of the study and environmental parameters in the experimental layers were monitored during the experiment. The growth and immune activities of scallops were lower when the water temperature was high, which was consistent with the main mortality occurring in summer. The growth and immunity of scallops were higher in the suspended culture than in the bottom culture during the experiment, with the exception of shell growth during the last study period. Survival of scallops in the suspended culture (54.6 +/- 12.3%) was significantly lower than that in the bottom culture (86.8 +/- 3.5%) at the end of this study. We conclude from our results that the high mortality of C. farreri can be prevented by culturing them in a bottom culture system before November of the first year, and then transferring them to a suspended culture to improve scallop production.
Heterothallism in Tilletia indica: Implications for physiological specialization

Monosporidiallines from three isolates, P 4 , P a , and P 2 of Karnal bunt fungus, T. indica were used to detect cross compatibility and mating alleles. Four mating alleles were identified in P4 isolate whereas 3 were identified when monosporidiallines of P 2 crossed with the lines of P a • Differential disease response was observed in a set of wheat varieties inoculated with 8 compatible monosporidial pairs which were categorized into highly, moderately and least aggressive groups. Further, the site of dikaryotization was indicated using monosporidia of opposite mating types as a tool. Inoculations with co-cultured compatible monosporidial pair for 15-20 days resulted in high level of disease in a susceptible variety, WH 542, indicating dikaryotization in vitro. Disease development with sequential inoculations of monosporidia of opposite mating types at intervals of 24 and 48 hrs revealed the possibility of dikaryotization within the host. Presence of mycelium in the young kernels from ear heads inoculated with the individual monosporidial lines, after 10 and 30 days, supported the possibility of dikaryotization within the host tissue.
Assessing the Role of Foreign Labour on Saudi Labour Unemployment in Saudi Arabia

Saudi labour unemployment is a very serious issue in Saudi Arabia which is further increasing with over dependence on foreign labour. This study empirically investigates this issue by employing ARDL cointegration technique on a sample period of 1980-2015. Our estimates suggest that foreign labour, wage rate and female participation are responsible for an increasing Saudi labour unemployment. On the other hand, number of graduates and government social security benefits are helping in combating Saudilabour unemployment.Therefore, our study recommends the Saudi government to control foreign labour inflows up to some reasonable limit, to rationalize the minimum wage rate and to increase spending on education and social security benefits.