Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Phytosiderophore release from manganese‐induced iron deficiency in barley

Abstract An experiment was conducted in the phytotron with barley (Hordeum vulgare L. cv. Minorimugi) grown in nutrient solution to compare iron (Fe) deficiency caused by the lack of Fe with manganese (Mn)‐induced Fe deficiency. Dark brown spots on older leaves and stems, and interveinal chlorosis on younger leaves were common symptoms of plants grown in either Mn‐toxic or Fe‐deficient treatments. Dry matter yield was affected similarly by Fe deficiency and Mn toxicity. The Mn toxicity significantly decreased the translocation of Fe from roots to shoots, caused root browning, and inhibited Fe absorption. The rate of Fe translocated from roots to shoots in the 25.0 μM Mn (toxic) treatment was similar to the Fe‐deficient treatment. Manganese toxicity, based on the release of phytosiderophore (PS) from roots, decreased from 25.0>250>2.50 uM Mn. The highest release of PS from roots occurred 7 and 14 days after transplanting (DAT) to Mn‐toxic and Fe‐deficient treatments, respectively; but was always higher in the Fe‐deficient treatment than the Mn‐toxic treatments. The release of PS from roots decreased gradually with plant age and with severity of the Mn toxicity symptoms. The PS content in roots followed the PS release pattern.
Novel Clay-Based Nanobiocomposites of Biopolyesters with Synergistic Barrier to UV Light, Gas, and Vapour

This article presents novel solvent cast biocomposites of poly(lactic acid) (PLA), polyhydroxybutyrate-co-valerate (PHBV), and polycaprolactone (PCL) with enhanced barrier properties to UV light, oxygen, water, and limonene by means of incorporating an organomodified mica-based clay grade. The TEM results suggested a good clay dispersion but with no exfoliation in the three biopolyesters. In agreement with the crystallinity data, which was found to generally increase with increasing filler content, oxygen but specially water and d-limonene permeability coefficients were seen to decrease to a significant extent in the biocomposites and an optimum property balance was found for 5 wt % of clay loading in the three biopolymers. With increasing clay content, the light transmission of these biodegradable biocomposites decreased by up to 90% in the UV wavelength region due to the specific UV blocking nature of the clay used. As a result, these new biocomposites can have significant potential to develop packaging films, coatings and membranes with enhanced gas and vapor barrier properties and UV blocking performance. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Concentration fluctuation effects on disorder–order transitions in block copolymer melts

We study transitions to periodic structures in block copolymers melts, including concentration fluctuations self‐consistently in the analysis. Phase diagrams are constructed for diblock and triblock copolymers of finite molecular weight. The concentration fluctuations increase the stability of the isotropic state, and induce a shift in k*, the wave vector of maximum scattered intensity, to lower values as the transition is approached. We calculate the shift in k* near the transition, and obtain the anisotropic scattering function in the ordered state.
Experimental Investigation of Granular Activated Carbon/R-134a Pair for Adsorption Cooling System Applications

The objective of this study is to investigate the adsorption characteristics of granular activated carbon GAC/R-134a pair in the temperature range of 20℃ - 60℃ and pressure up to 10 bars. The Dubinin-Astakhov adsorption equilibrium model is fit to experimental data with acceptable error limit. The pressure-temperature-concentration (P-T-X) diagram of the pair is also presented. The isosteric heat of adsorption of R-134a on activated carbon has been calculated using the Clausius-Clapeyron equation as a function of adsorption capacity. The maximum adsorption capacity was found to be 1.92 kgR134a/kg carbon at 20℃ after 1200 s. The experimental results also show that the increase of heat transfer area improves the adsorption capacity per kg of adsorber, which leads to the design of a finned tubes heat exchanger adsorption unit.
Effects of Gate-Recess Structure on High-Frequency Characteristics of 0.1 μm Metamorphic HEMTs

We investigate effects of the gate-recess structure on the high-frequency characteristics of the 0.1 μm depletion-mode metamorphic high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs). We characterize the dc and radio frequency performances of two different gate-recess structures and perform a comparative study using the hydrodynamic device model simulation and small-signal parameter analysis. The narrow gate-recess structure shows significantly higher dc performances than the wide gate-recess structure, and this phenomenon is due to the presence of the negatively charged surface states on the InAlAs Schottky barrier layer surface in the wide gate-recess structure. Despite the superior dc characteristics, the narrow gate-recess structure shows more degraded maximum frequency of oscillation (f max ) of ∼296 GHz than that (∼ 340 GHz) of the wide gate-recess structure and almost the same cutoff frequency (f T ) of -130 GHz. The degraded f max of the narrow gate-recess structure is attributed to a -66% higher gate-to-drain capacitance (C gd ). The significant increase of C gd is caused by the reduction of effective gate-to-drain spacing due to the nonlinear electric potential distribution in the gate-to-drain region.
Relaxation of quantum state population and volume viscosity in He/H2 mixtures

A kinetic model for He-H2 mixtures is studied in a regime where elastic collisions are fast and inelastic collisions are slow. Application of the Chapman-Enskog method yields a state to state fluid model where each quantum state is a separate pseudo species. The relaxation of quantum state population towards thermodynamic equilibrium is investigated as well as the definition of volume viscosity coefficients. The theoretical results are applied to the quantum state population and volume viscosity of molecular hydrogen on the basis of a complete set of cross sections for the He+H2(v, j) system.
EFFECTS OF INITIAL CHEMICAL COMPOSITION ON DECOMPOSITION OF ROOTS OF THREE GRASS SPECIES

Grass root production is a major source of C entering Chernozemic soils. The influence of the initial chemical composition of the roots of three grass species on decomposition was studied in a laboratory incubation experiment. Roots of Stipa comata Trin. and Rupr. , Stipa spartea Trin. var. curtiseta Hitchc. , and Festuca scabrella Torr. were incubated at 28 C for 47 wk. Carbon dioxide production and percent loss of carbohydrate were inversely related to [(C:N) (% lignin)] (% carbohydrate−½). Percent loss of lignin, however, was directly proportional to this factor. This relationship was also found to fit data in the earlier literature. Decomposition rate appeared to be slower in the laboratory in the absence of soil than has been reported for decomposition rates in field soils. The data are discussed with reference to the dynamics of plant residues and organic matter in soil systems. It is postulated that the effect of soil in controlling decomposition may be as great as the effect of the substrate.
Effect of Drag Reducing Polymers on Two-Phase Gas–Liquid Flows in a Horizontal Pipe

This paper reports a series of experiments to study the effect of the addition of dragreducing polymers (DRP) on two-phase flow patterns in a horizontal 0.0254 m pipe. The characteristics of two-phase flow with and without DRP are described. It is noted that the interfacial shear stress decreases sharply by adding DRP and the flow pattern map is changed. Pressure drop reduction occurs in almost all flow pattern configurations. This study indicates that maximum drag reduction usually occurs when a slug, pseudo-slug or annular flow changes to stratified flow by adding DRP. Two flow pattern maps are presented in this paper with and without DRP in the liquid in the pipeline.
Local Epidermal Endocrine Estrogen Protects Human Melanocytes against Oxidative Stress, a Novel Insight into Vitiligo Pathology

As the outermost barrier of the body, skin is a major target of oxidative stress. In the brain, estrogen has been reported synthesized locally and protects neurons from oxidative stress. Here, we explored whether estrogen is also locally synthesized in the skin to protect from oxidative stress and whether aberrant local estrogen synthesis is involved in skin disorders. Enzymes and estrogen receptor expression in skin cells were examined first by quantitative real-time PCR and Western blot analyses. Interestingly, the estrogen synthesis enzyme was mainly localized in epidermal keratinocytes and estrogen receptors were mainly expressed in melanocytes among 13 kinds of cultured human skin cells. The most abundant estrogen synthesis enzyme expressed in the epidermis was 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 1 (HSD17β1) localized in keratinocytes, and the most dominant estrogen receptor expressed in the epidermis was G protein-coupled estrogen receptor 1 (GPER1) in melanocytes. To investigate whether keratinocyte-derived estradiol could protect melanocytes from oxidative stress, cultured human primary epidermal melanocytes (HEMn-MPs) were treated with H2O2 in the presence or absence of 17β estradiol or co-cultured with HSD17β1 siRNA-transfected keratinocytes. Keratinocyte-derived estradiol exhibited protective effects against H2O2-induced cell death. Further, reduced expression of HSD17β1 in the epidermis of skin from vitiligo patients was observed compared to the skin from healthy donors or in the normal portions of the skin in vitiligo patients. Our results suggest a possible new target for interventions that may be used in combination with current therapies for patients with vitiligo.
Direct Monte Carlo simulations of the equilibrium properties of n-pentane liquid-vapor interface

Direct MC calculations have been carried out to study the liquid–vapor equilibrium of n-pentane. We have used the local long range correction to the configurational energy within the Metropolis scheme and an algorithm allowing us to select randomly with equal probability two different maximum displacements. The thermal equilibrium conditions are checked by calculating the profiles of the configurational temperature in the vapor and liquid phases. We also check the mechanical equilibrium by calculating the profiles of the normal and tangential pressure components. The normal pressure profile is constant through the interface and in both phases on the conditions that the two parts of the long range corrections to the normal pressure area included in the calculations. The critical densities and temperatures are well predicted and the vapor pressures agree satisfactory with the experimental values within larger statistical fluctuations. The long range corrections to the surface tension are calculated using va.
Selective detection of O(1S0) following electron impact dissociation of O2 and N2O using a XeO* conversion technique

We have observed the metastable species O(1S0) following the dissociation of molecules by pulsed electron impact. A crossed beam apparatus was used to obtain time‐of‐flight spectra of the fragments. We have employed a novel detector which consists of a layer of freshly deposited Xe. O(1S0) atoms impinging on the surface quickly form XeO* excimers which rapidly decay (<1 μs) producing easily detected photons. Our present results indicate that this method is sensitive (with high quantum efficiency) solely to the 1S state of oxygen. Other metastables (such as 5S and 1D) and ground state oxygen atoms have not been detected. Low resolution optical spectra of the XeO emission reveal bands at 375, 550, and 725 nm. Time‐of‐flight and fragment kinetic energy spectra for both target gases at various electron impact energies are presented together with excitation functions from threshold to 1000 eV. These have been made absolute using a Bethe–Born calibration technique for N2O. O2 data are calibrated relative to N2O.
Acclimation Strategy of a Biohydrogen Producing Population in a Continuous‐Flow Reactor with Carbohydrate Fermentation

Poor startup of biological hydrogen production systems can cause an ineffective hydrogen production rate and poor biomass growth at a high hydraulic retention time (HRT), or cause a prolonged period of acclimation. In this paper a new startup strategy was developed in order to improve the enrichment of the hydrogen‐producing population and the efficiency of hydrogen production. A continuously‐stirred tank reactor (CSTR) and molasses were used to evaluate the hydrogen productivity of the sewage sludge microflora at a temperature of 35 °C. The experimental results indicated that the feed to microorganism ratio (F/M ratio) was a key parameter for the enrichment of hydrogen producing sludge in a continuous‐flow reactor. When the initial biomass was inoculated with 6.24 g of volatile suspended solids (VSS)/L, an HRT of 6 h, an initial organic loading rate (OLR) of 7.0 kg chemical oxygen demand (COD)/(m3 × d) and an feed to microorganism ratio (F/M) ratio of about 2–3 g COD/(g of volatile suspended solids (VSS) per day) were maintained during startup. Under these conditions, a hydrogen producing population at an equilibrium state could be established within 30 days. The main liquid fermentation products were acetate and ethanol. Biogas was composed of H2 and CO2. The hydrogen content in the biogas amounted to 47.5 %. The average hydrogen yield was 2.01 mol/mol hexose consumed. It was also observed that a special hydrogen producing population was formed when this startup strategy was used. It is supposed that the population may have had some special metabolic pathways to produce hydrogen along with ethanol as the main fermentation products.
Short-Term Acyl-CoA:Cholesterol Acyltransferase Inhibition, Combined with Apoprotein A1 Overexpression, Promotes Atherosclerosis Inflammation Resolution in Mice

Acyl-CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT) mediates cellular cholesterol esterification. In atherosclerotic plaque macrophages, ACAT promotes cholesteryl ester accumulation, resulting in foam cell formation and atherosclerosis progression. Its complete inactivation in mice, however, showed toxic effects because of an excess of free cholesterol (FC) in macrophages, which can cause endoplasmic reticulum stress, cholesterol crystal formation, and inflammasome activation. Our previous studies showed that long-term partial ACAT inhibition, achieved by dietary supplementation with Fujirebio F1394, delays atherosclerosis progression in apoprotein E–deficient (Apoe−/−) mice by reducing plaque foam cell formation without inflammatory or toxic effects. Here, we determined whether short-term partial inhibition of ACAT, in combination with an enhanced systemic FC acceptor capacity, has synergistic benefits. Thus, we crossbred Apoe−/− with human apoprotein A1–transgenic (APOA1tg/tg) mice, which have elevated cholesterol-effluxing high-density lipoprotein particles, and subjected Apoe−/− and APOA1tg/tg/Apoe−/− mice to an atherogenic diet to develop advanced plaques. Then mice were either euthanized (baseline) or fed purified standard diet with or without F1394 for 4 more weeks. Plaques of APOA1tg/tg/Apoe−/− mice fed F1394 showed a 60% reduction of macrophages accompanied by multiple other benefits, such as reduced inflammation and favorable changes in extracellular composition, in comparison with Apoe−/− baseline mice. In addition, there was no accumulation of cholesterol crystals or signs of toxicity. Overall, these results show that short-term partial ACAT inhibition, coupled to increased cholesterol efflux capacity, favorably remodels atherosclerosis lesions, supporting the potential of these combined therapies in the treatment of advanced atherosclerosis. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Short-term pharmacological inhibition of acyl-CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase–mediated cholesterol esterification, in combination with increased free cholesterol efflux acceptors, has positive effects in mice by 1) reducing the inflammatory state of the plaque macrophages and 2) favoring compositional changes associated with plaque stabilization. These effects occur without toxicity, showing the potential of these combined therapies in the treatment of advanced atherosclerosis.
INFLUENCE OF DIFFERENT CONSTANT TEMPERATURE DEGREES AND HOST PLANTS ON CERTAIN BIOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF THE MELON LADYBIRD BEETLE Epilachna chrysomelina (F.) (COLEOPTERA: COCCINELLIDAE)

Laboratory experiments were carried out in the insectory of Economic Entomology Department,Faculty of Agriculture, Mansoura University, under three constant temperature 24±1, 28±1and 32±1 o C and 60.0±5% R.H. The total duration of the immature stages were the shortest (28.3± 2.7 days) when the insect pest reared under constant temperature of 32±1 o C followed by (37.4 ± 2.6 days) at 28 ±1 o C and the longest period was recorded at 24± 1 o C and represented by (41.9 ± 2.8 days) with highly significant differences. The highest percentages of hatchability, the survival of larval stage , pupal stage as well as the total immature stages were recorded when the insect reread at 28± 1 o C and represented by 95.0 , 88.4 , 97,6 and 82% , respectively. On the other hand , the lowest percentages were 87.0 , 78.2 , 95.7 and 65% for hatching , the survival of larval stage, pupal stage and the total immature stages at 24± 1 o C , respectively. The ovipositional periods ( pre – oviposition period , oviposition period and inter oviposition period ) as well as the female and male longevity were the shortest when the melon ladybird beetle reared at 32±1 o C followed by 28±1 o C and 24±1 o C while , the fecundity ( average number of eggs / female ) were the highest at 28±1 o C and represented by 743.0 ± 25.8 eggs / female and the lowest fecundity at 24±1 o C and represented by 570.7 ± 28.6 eggs / female with highly significant differences. The total duration of the immature stages were the shortest (37.4± 2.6 days) when the insect pest reared on snake cucumber followed by (39.0 ± 3.5 days) on squash, (39.5± 2.7 days) and watermelon and the longest periods were recorded on cucumber and represented by (40.9 ± 2.4 days) . Highly significant differences were recorded between the total duration of the immature stages reared at different host plants. The highest percentages of hatchability, the survival of larval stage , pupal stage as well as the total immature stages were recorded when the insect reread on snake cucumber and represented by 95.0 , 88.4 , 97,6 and 82% , respectively. On the other hand , the lowest percentage were 89.0 , 72.1 , 93.7 and 60% for hatching , the survival of larval stage , pupal stage and the total immature stages on cucumber , respectively. The ovipositional periods ( pre – oviposition period , oviposition period and inter oviposition period ) as well as the female and male longevity were the shortest when the melon ladybird beetle reared on snake cucumber followed by squash ,watermelon, and cucumber . While, the fecundity Were the highest on snake cucumber and represented by 743.0 ± 25.8 eggs / female and the lowest fecundity on cucumber and represented by 275.5 ± 19.8 eggs / female with highly significant differences according to the different host plants. Awadalla, S. S. et al.
An ab initio study of spectroscopy and predissociation of ClO

We have computed all the electronic states of ClO arising from the Cl(2P)+O(3P) dissociation limit and several of those connected with Cl(2P)+O(1D). Only two excited states have attractive potentials, A 2Π and 1 4Σ−. The A 2Π state undergoes a well known predissociation, because several as yet unknown potential curves cross the A 2Π one and are coupled to it by nonadiabatic and/or spin-orbit interactions. The calculation of the interaction matrix elements allows to explain the predissociation of A 2Π, due to transitions to the 3 2Π, 12Δ, 2 4Σ− and other less important states, all leading to the Cl(2P)+O(3P) dissociation.
RELATIVE AVAILABILITY COEFFICIENTS OF ORGANIC AND INORGANIC Zn FERTILIZERS

Zinc sulfate (ZnSO4) has traditionally been the “reliable” source of Zn fertilizer but other sources of Zn are also available. Some are derived from industrial by-products, varying from flue dust reacted with sulfuric acid to organic compounds derived from the paper industry. The degree of Zn availability in Zn sources derived from these various by-products is related to the manufacturing process, the source of complexing or chelating agents (organic sources), and the original product used as the Zn source. Many claims are made regarding the relative efficiency of traditional inorganic Zn fertilizers and complexed Zn sources. The objective of this greenhouse study was to determine the availability coefficients of several commercial Zn fertilizer materials (organic and inorganic) that are commonly used to correct Zn deficiencies in soils. We evaluated the dry matter production, total Zn uptake, and Zn concentration in corn (Zea mays L. cv. P3752) plants fertilized with six different commercial Zn fertilizers. The sources included three granular inorganic Zn sources, two granular organically complexed Zn sources, and liquid ZnEDTA. The soil was low in available Zn (AB-DTPA Zn = 0.48 mg kg−1) and limed to a pH of 7.2. The Zn fertilizers were added to 5 kg pots at rates equivalent to 0, 0.21, 0.42, 0.84, 1.68, and 3.36 mg Zn kg−1 of soil. A relative availability coefficient (RAC) was used to determine the relative availability of all sources. The RAC is determined by comparing the slopes of the regression lines of each measured parameter with the slope of the reference material. The ZnLignosulfonate, ZnSO4, and ZnEDTA were always the most effective material in supplying the plant's needs. The RAC of these three materials ranged from 70 to 100%, depending on plant parameter measured. The ZnOxysulfate, with 55% water-solubility, also performed well with a RAC from 48 to 69%. The lower water-soluble materials (ZnOxysulfate, 26% water-soluble, and ZnSucrate, 1% water-soluble) were least effective with RAC values ranging from −12 to 25%. When comparing all sources, water-solubility was the primary factor governing the performance of Zn fertilizers. High water-solubility is required if a Zn fertilizer is going to be effective in meeting the plant's Zn needs. Zinc ions that are reacted with an organic complexing agent do not guarantee the resulting fertilizer will perform like a true chelate and have high plant availability. If the end product is not highly water-soluble, it will be very inefficient in supplying Zn to the plant. These results confirm our previous research where we concluded that a Zn fertilizer must be from 50% water-soluble to be an effective Zn source.
An integrative review and theoretical framework of validity in qualitative research: Reflections on the Academy of Management Journal for 2000 to 2016

The prime objective of the current study is to establish a comprehensive framework for evaluating validity in qualitative research. Although utilizing qualitative research methodology warrants ample merits for generating new theories and understanding emerging phenomenon, a paucity of existing literature has proposed an integrative framework to ensure the validity of qualitative findings. To fill this gap, we drew on the extant literature on qualitative research methodology and 195 Academy of Management Journal (AMJ) articles published during 2000-2016 and developed a new theoretical framework for evaluating validity. In particular, the current framework proposed six validity concepts in accordance to qualitative research stage—research design, data collection and data interpretation. Furthermore, to assess the progress made in qualitative research in management, we applied the proposed framework and analyzed 79 articles published in AMJ during 2012-2016. Our analyses showed that 3.54 validities were met on average, even though scholars’ efforts to enhance validity have somewhat faded over the years. Consistent with the tradition of qualitative research emphasizing data richness, the category of operational measurement was fulfilled the most in general. Implications for theory and practice are discussed.