Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Advanced classification of carbonate sediments based on physical properties

Physical properties such as bulk density (gamma ray attenuation), P‐wave velocity (primary or compressional wave acoustic velocity), electrical resistivity and magnetic susceptibility are related to characteristics of the marine sediments that, in turn, are indicative of the lithology. Non‐destructive physical properties are routinely measured during Mission Specific Platform expeditions conducted by the Integrated Ocean Drilling Program using a multi‐sensor core logger on whole cores. The goal of this study was to develop linear and non‐linear relations among physical properties and different types of carbonate sediment to identify relevant information that may aid in the classification of carbonates. The database and model presented here integrate sedimentology with physical properties data. Data were analysed using three techniques: Linear Discriminant Analysis, Random Forest and Support Vector Machines. The models that best describe the nature of the data are Random Forest and Support Vector Machines, reaching up to 79% and 74% total accuracy, respectively. This article presents an application of machine learning as a potentially useful tool for classifying sediment types, developed specifically for assisting with the challenging identification of the lithologies in coral cores. This technique can also be used for provisional core description prior to splitting, thereby enabling identification and preservation of potentially critical intervals for special analyses and studies. These methods of data analysis can also assist with sample selection for specific studies. Other applications include the interpretation of lithotypes from wireline geophysical logging data, particularly in boreholes where core recovery is poor or sampling is limited to drill cuttings.
Suspended sediment load estimation and the problem of inadequate data sampling: a fractal view

Suspended sediment load estimation at high resolutions is an extremely difficult task, because: (1) it depends on the availability of high‐resolution water discharge and suspended sediment concentration measurements, which are often not available; (2) any errors in the measurements of these two components could significantly influence the accuracy of suspended sediment load estimation; and (3) direct measurements are very expensive. The purpose of this study is to approach this sampling problem from a new perspective of fractals (or scaling), which could provide important information on the transformation of suspended sediment load data from one scale to another. This is done by investigating the possible presence of fractal behaviour in the daily suspended sediment load data for the Mississippi River basin (at St. Louis, Missouri). The presence of fractal behaviour is investigated using five different methods, ranging from general to specific and from mono‐fractal to multi‐fractal: (1) autocorrelation function; (2) power spectrum; (3) probability distribution function; (4) box dimension; and (5) statistical moment scaling function. The results indicate the presence of multi‐fractal behaviour in the suspended sediment load data, suggesting the possibility of transformation of data from one scale to another using a multi‐dimensional model. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Influence of turbulence on bed load sediment transport

This paper summarizes the results of an experimental study on the influence of an external turbulence field on the bed load sediment transport in an open channel. The external turbulence was generated by (1) a horizontal pipe placed halfway through the depth \ih; (2) a series of grids with a clearance of about one-third of the depth from the bed, and extending over a finite length of the flume; and (3) a series of grids with a clearance in the range (0.1–1.0)\ih from the bed, but extending over the entire length of the flume. Two kinds of experiments were conducted: plane-bed experiments and ripple-covered-bed experiments. In the former case, the flow in the presence of the turbulence generator was adjusted so that the mean bed shear stress was the same as in the case without the turbulence generator in order to single out the effect of the external turbulence on the sediment transport. In the ripple-covered-bed case, the mean and turbulence quantities of the streamwise component of the velocity were measured, and the Shields parameter, due to skin friction, was determined. The Shields parameter, together with the RMS value of the streamwise velocity fluctuations, was correlated with the sediment transport rate. The sediment transport increases markedly with increasing turbulence level.
Theory for the charge-density-wave mechanism of the 3D quantum Hall effect

Fang Qin, 2, 3 Shuai Li, Z. Z. Du, C. M. Wang, Hai-Zhou Lu, 3, ∗ and X. C. Xie 6 Shenzhen Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering and Department of Physics, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen 518055, China CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Quantum Science and Engineering, Shenzhen 518055, China Department of Physics, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China International Center for Quantum Materials, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Beijing 100871, China (Dated: March 6, 2020)
Impact of the global warming on the fluvial thermal erosion over the Lena River in Central Siberia

The hydrology of the Lena and its tributaries is characterized by an extremely episodic flow regime. Here we report recent climatic change in Central Siberia, and its impact on the fluvial thermal erosion. We point out three major changes since the 1980s: a marked reduction of the river ice thickness in winter, a pronounced increase of the water stream temperature in spring and a slight increase of the discharge during the break up (May–June). A GIS analysis based on aerial pictures and satellite images highlights the impact of the water warming on the frozen banks. The vegetated islands appear to be very sensitive to the water temperature increase, showing an acceleration of their head retreat (+21–29%). This suggests that recent global warming directly affects the fluvial dynamics and the erosional process of one of the largest arctic fluvial system.
Uplift of the Kenai Peninsula, Alaska, since the 1964 Prince William Sound earthquake

Using Global Positioning System (GPS) receivers, we reoccupied several leveling benchmarks on the Kenai Peninsula of Alaska which had been surveyed by conventional leveling immediately following the March 27, 1964, Prince William Sound earthquake (Mw = 9.3). By combining the two sets of measurements with a new, high-resolution model of the geoid in the region, we were able to determine the cumulative 1993–1964 postseismic vertical displacement. We find uplift at all of our benchmarks, relative to Seward, Alaska, a point that is stable according to tide gauge data. The maximum uplift of about 1 m occurs near the middle of the peninsula. The region of maximum uplift appears to be shifted northwest relative to the point of maximum coseismic subsidence. If we use tide gauge data at Nikishka and Seward to constrain the vertical motion, then the observed uplift has a trenchward tilt (down to the southeast) as well as an arching component. To explain the observations, we use creep-at-depth models. Most acceptable models require a fault slip of about 2.75 m, although this result is not unique. If the slip has been continuous since the 1964 earthquake, then the average slip rate is nearly 100 mm/yr, twice the plate convergence rate. Comparing the net uplift achieved in 29 years with that observed over 11 years in an adjacent region southeast of Anchorage, Alaska, we conclude that the rate of uplift is decreasing. A further decrease in the uplift rate is expected as the 29-year averaged displacement rate is about twice the plate convergence rate and therefore cannot be sustained over the entire earthquake cycle.
Laboratory Study of Wave-Breaking Over Bars and Artificial Reefs

One‐hundred eight regular‐wave tests and 12 random‐wave tests were performed in a tank to investigate properties of waves breaking on irregular beach profiles. In the tests, solid objects representing natural barred profiles, terraced profiles, and artificial reefs were installed on a concrete slope of 1/30. Wave conditions covered deep‐water steepnesses from 0.0085 to 0.09. A large data base of previous measurements of wave breaking on plane slopes was also compiled and analyzed for comparison to the barred profile measurements. Significant differences were found in such properties as breaker type, breaker depth and height indices, plunge distance, and splash distance for plane and barred slopes. The ratio of wave height and water depth of random waves transforming over a bar was not constant, as previously reported from field measurements, but showed a bimodal distribution with maxima of approximately unity at the bar crest and foreshore and minima of approximately 0.45 in the offshore and bar trough.
The influence of glaciations on the dynamics of mountain hydrothermal systems : numerical modeling of the La Léchère system (Savoie, France)

Although thermal waters are found in numer ous Alpine valleys, the mechanisms responsible for their occurrence remain unclear. The present study used a 2-D numerical model of an Alpine hydrothermal system (La Lechere, Savoie) to investigate these mechanisms. A steady-state hydrodynamic model was calibrated using present-day observations, and then applied to predict outlet temperatures assuming steady-state conditions and the current heat flux and water flow. This simulation produced anomalously low outlet temperatures compared with present-day temperatures, indicating that water circulation within the La Lechere aquifer cannot have been constant through out its history. Based on the suggestion that glaciations block aquifer circulation, a second simulation was carried out assuming zero water infiltration during the Wurm glacial period. The outlet temperatures predicted by this second simulation were much closer to present-day temperatures. These two simulations show that the thermal anomaly at La Lechere is incompatible with the classic model of the progressive heating of thermal waters and that the current temperature of the thermal waters can be explained by changes in aquifer infiltration rates.
Analysis of the needs for help of men who have sex with men and live with HIV

1 Universidade Federal do Ceará, Faculdade de Farmácia, Odontologia e Enfermagem, Departamento de Enfermagem, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil. 2 Universidade Estadual do Ceará, Curso de Medicina, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil. ABSTRACT Objective: To understand the needs for help of men who have sex with men and live with HIV in the light of a Prescriptive Theory. Method: Descriptive and qualitative study, conducted with men who have sex with men and live with HIV who were treated in a Specialized Outpatient Service in a capital in Northeastearn Brazil, between the months of November 2017 and May 2018. The study used the analysis of the discourse of the collective subject. Results: 49 men with HIV who self-identified as men who have sex with men participated in the study. Help was described as support, welcoming, psychosocial and family support. The desire to receive assistance was related to accepting and forgetting the diagnosis. The problems experienced were related to the acceptance of the diagnosis, fear and prejudice. Professionals and family members stood out as sources of support. Nursing care was cited as significant and the main help required was psychological. Conclusion: The needs for help identified were mainly related to psychological support coming from health professionals and family members. Participants were willing to receive help, especially to cope with the diagnosis.
Tracking Progress in Anthropometric Failure Among Under-�ve Children in Ethiopia: A Geospatial and Multilevel Analysis.

Under-nutrition is a major public health concern among under-�ve children in many developing This work evaluated the overall prevalence of under-nutrition by using a composite index of anthropometric failure (CIAF), which helps in the detection of children with multiple anthropometric failures. Additionally, this study provides a Spatio-temporal distribution and associated factors of childhood anthropometric failures across time.
Isotopic and trace element evidence for submarine lithification of hardgrounds in the Jurassic of eastern England

Geochemical and petrographic data suggest early submarine cementation of hardgrounds from the Lincolnshire Limestone Formation, Middle Jurassic, England. The three hardgrounds, from Cowthick, Castle Bytham and Leadenham quarries, developed in tidal-inlet, on-barrier and lagoonal sub-environments of a carbonate barrier-island complex. At Cowthick early composite (acicular-bladed) radial-fibrous cements, which pre-date aragonite dissolution, completely fill intergranular pore-space at the hardground surface; away from it isopachous fringing cements decrease in thickness. Microprobe analyses demonstrate zoning within the fringes with magnesium concentrations (> 2 wt % MgCO3) higher than those in allochems or later, ferroan cement (≅0.5 wt % MgCO3, 1.7 wt % FeCO3). At Castle Bytham early granular isopachous cements, which post-date aragonite dissolution, occur within 5 cm of the surface. At Leadenham early lithification is superficial and represented by ferruginous crusts and micritic internal sediment. Late blocky cement fills residual pore-space in all three examples. Carbon and oxygen isotopic composition of whole-rock samples taken at intervals away from each hardground surface demonstrate the increasing proportion of late 18O depleted cements (δ18O – 8 to – 10). Early cements must have a marine isotopic composition; different δ18O values from each hardground reflect the intensity of early lithification and exclusion of late cements at the hardened surface. There is no isotopic evidence for subaerial cement precipitation during possible emergence at Castle Bytham. Oyster samples (with δ18O, – 2.9 and δ13C, 2.4) give estimated palaeotemperatures of 22–25°C. Early cements from Cowthick are enriched in 18O and 13C (δ18O = 0 δ13C ≅ 3‰) compared to the oyster values. In conjunction with trace element data this is interpreted as evidence for high-magnesium calcite precursor cements which underwent replacement in a system with a low water: rock ratio. The intensity of early lithification is related to depositional environment: maximum circulation of sea-water producing the most lithified hardground (Cowthick). This is directly analogous to the formation of Recent hardgrounds.
Vascular flora of Jarun (Zagreb, Croatia)

State Institute for Nature Protection, Trg Mažuranica 5, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia(e-mail: igor.borsic@dzzp.hr; dijana.zupan@dzzp.hr)Vukovic, N. , Borsic, I. , Župan, D. , Alegro, A. & Nikolic, T. : Vascular flora of Jarun (Zagreb, Croatia). Nat. Croat. , Vol 22, No. 2, 275–294, 2013, Zagreb.A floristic study of Jarun Recreational and Sports Centre in Zagreb was conducted during the ve-getation season of 2006 and partially in 2008. In total, 323 plant taxa from 70 families are presented in the list, out of which 156 are newly found, while the presence of 49 previously reported taxa was not confirmed. The most abundant family is Poaceae (11.76%), followed by Asteraceae (9.94%), Fabaceae (6.81%) and Lamiaceae (6.81%). The life form spectrum shows that hemicryptophytes are the most co-mmon life form (42.41%), followed by therophytes (24.77%). The phytogeographical spectrum shows the strong prevalence of Euro-Asiatic plants (44.10%), and a high number of adventive (9.94%) and Mediterranean plants (9.63%), while the Illyrian-Balkan chorotype is almost absent (0.31%). Only six taxa are found on the National Red List (
An empirical liquid permeability—gas permeability correlation for use in aquifer properties studies

Abstract Laboratory permeability studies can contribute significantly to the quantification of aquifer heterogeneity. However, intrinsic permeabilities obtained by standard core analysis techniques using gas are different from those obtained using water. This is because gas measurements may be affected by a molecular phenomenon known as gas slippage. An empirical correlation is presented for liquid and gas permeability measurements obtained for a suite of Permo-Triassic sandstones and shales from the Sherwood Sandstone Group of northern England. Liquid permeability tests were performed using synthetic formation brines and deionized water. Gas permeability tests used nitrogen as the permeant. Liquid permeabilites, kl, ranged from 9.0 x 10-19 m2to 2.4 x 10-12m2 and gas permeabilites, kg, ranged from 1.7 x 10-17m2 to 2.6 x 10-12m2.The liquid and gas permeability data exhibit log-normal frequency distributions; the log transformed liquid and gas permeability data have means of 5.1 x 10-16m2 and 4.3 x 10-15m2respectively. A linear least-squares fit to the data has the form log10kl = 1.17log10kg + 1.51. kl/kg ratios, in the range 0.03 to 0.9, indicate that Hagen-Poiseuille type models may not provide appropriate descriptions of gas flow in the Sherwood Sandstone.
Paclitaxel and Bevacizumab in First Line-Treatment Patients with HER-2 Negative Advanced Breast Cancer: Who could Benefit?

Background: Angiogenesis is essential for tumor growth and development of metastases in human breast cancer. Randomized studies have shown that bevacizumab (inhibitor of VEGF) combined with taxane-based regimens increases response rates and prolongs Progression-Free Survival (PFS) of patients with Metastatic Breast Cancer (MBC). However predictive or prognostic markers that identify the appropriate target population, thus improving the cost-effectiveness ratio of this treatment, are still needed. In this retrospective analysis, we investigated the impact of traditional clinical and pathological features in order to identify the subgroups of patients who derive the greatest benefit from antiangiogenic-agents. Patients and methods: Retrospectively, we included consecutive patients treated with bevacizumab (10 mg/Kg on days 1 and 15) and paclitaxel (90 mg/m2, on days 1, 8 and 15) as first-line treatment for HER2-negative MBC at our Institution between June 2007 and December 2012. Results: 33 patients were included. Median age was 50 years (31-68). 78. 8%, 12.1% and 9.1% of patients had luminal B, triple negative and luminal A breast cancer, respectively. 66. 6% of patients had visceral disease. The overall response rate was 31.2%. Median PFS and overall survival (OS) were 7.7 months (range 1. 9-14.0 months) and 95.2 months (range 11.6-205.8 months), respectively. Univariate analysis highlighted a statistically significant relationship between PFS to the first line and the following factors: relapse-free survival (RFS 12 months; p<0,001), disease control rate (p=0,001), Ca15. 3 reduction of more than 50% from baseline (p=0,03), reduction of LDH from baseline (p=0,02). No significant relationship resulted between PFS and the biological characterization of neoplasia, age, receptor status, Ki-67, nodal status at diagnosis, having carried out a previous (neo) adjuvant chemotherapy (with or without taxane), having visceral disease at time of relapse, the histological evidence of lymph-vascular invasion. At multivariate analysis, RFS was the only confirmed independent prognostic factor (p=0.01; HR=0. 18; 95% CI 0. 04-0.73). Conclusion: Our results confirmed the efficacy and the acceptable toxicity profile of bevacizumab plus paclitaxel as first-line regimen for MBC. RFS may be a useful tool in the clinical practice to select HER-2 negative MBC which may obtain a better prognosis administering this particular regimen.
Sedimentological aspects of the Humber Group (Upper Jurassic) of the South Central Graben, UK North Sea

Complex structure, poorly understood sedimentology and poor biostratigraphic control make the Upper Jurassic Humber Group of the South Central Graben one of the least understood and most complex hydrocarbon reservoirs of the North Sea. Detailed logging of available core from 19 exploration wells has been combined with an improved understanding of the relevance of trace fossils and a recognition of important base-level variations to provide a greatly enhanced understanding of the depositional system active within the area at that time. A new sedimentological model, based upon the distribution of facies and facies associations, illustrates that Upper Jurassic structure and consequent basin geometry were the principal controls upon the distribution of depositional environments. Rifting and second-order transgression controlled the back-stepping onlap patterns observed and higher frequency base-level fluctuations controlled the internal architecture of individual sandbodies. The model presented accounts for features of these deposits that were previously considered anomalous, such as the thickness of bioturbated sandstones, paucity of foreshore deposits and complex age relationships of sands.
Contribution of Tropical Cyclones to Global Very Deep Convection

AbstractBased on the 12-yr (1998–2009) Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) precipitation feature (PF) database, both radar and infrared (IR) observations from TRMM are used to quantify the contribution of tropical cyclones (TCs) to very deep convection (VDC) in the tropics and to compare TRMM-derived properties of VDC in TCs and non-TCs. Using a radar-based definition, it is found that the contribution of TCs to total VDC in the tropics is not much higher than the contribution of TCs to total PFs. However, the area-based contribution of TCs to overshooting convection defined by IR is 13.3%, which is much higher than the 3.2% contribution of TCs to total PFs. This helps explain the contradictory results between previous radar-based and IR-based studies and indicates that TCs only contribute disproportionately large amount of overshooting convection containing mainly small ice particles that are barely detected by the TRMM radar. VDC in non-TCs over land has the highest maximum 30- and 40-dBZ height .
The independence of combinatory semantic processing : Evidence from event-related potentials

We recorded event-related brain potentials (ERPs) while participants read sentences, some of which contained an anomalous word. In the critical sentences (e.g., The meal was devouring. . .), the syntactic cues unambiguously signaled an Agent interpretation of the subject noun, whereas the semantic cues supported a Theme interpretation. An Agent interpretation would render the main verb semantically anomalous (as meals do not devour things). Conversely, the Theme interpretation would render the main verb syntactically anomalous (as the -ED form, not the -ING form, is syntactically appropriate for this interpretation). We report that the main verbs in such sentences elicit the P600 effect associated with syntactic anomalies, rather than the N400 effect associated with semantic anomalies. We conclude that, at least under certain conditions, semantic information is ‘‘in control’’ of how words are combined during sentence processing. 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.