Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Mathematical Model of a Lego Differential Drive Robot

This paper details the development of a model for a mobile robot constructed from Lego® Mindstorms®. Equations representing the dynamics and kinematics of the robot are derived. In addition, the motors and wheels are represented in the model. The development of a multi rate simulation is described. Data from an IMU attached to the robot enables validation of the model using analogue matching and integral least squares. The result of the validation is that the model is a suitable representation of the robot. A method of controlling the robot is developed, using PID controllers and a Line Of Sight Autopilot. Copyright © 2002 USTRATH
Effectiveness of Boiling Method Using Aquadest Solvent in Oolong Tea Extraction Producing Mangenese Particle as a Contrast Media on Magnetic Resonance Cholangiopancreatography (MRCP)

Magnetic Resonance Cholangiography (MRCP) examines the pancreas and ductus billiaris using magnetic resonance imaging with a negative contrast media administered orally. Oolong tea is possible to be an alternative of an oral negative contrast media due to its manganese contained. This study will elaborate on the best method of oolong tea extraction to get the best mangenese substance and its capability to suppress inevitable organs. This is an experimental study with various methods of extraction, which are the maceration method with ethanol solvent, maceration method with aquadest solvent, and boiling method. The whole process includes collecting and preparing plant materials, sample identification, sample processing, extraction, and extract characterization. The manganese level is checked with Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS) followed by scanning the extracted oolong tea in bottles and MRCP scanning examination. Results showed that manganese level with three different extraction methods is maceration method with ethanol is 1.23 mg/dl, maceration method with aquadest solvent is 0.82 mg/dl, and the extraction using the boiling method with aquadest solvent 0.94 mg/dl, and manufactured tea 1.40 mg/dl respectively. Scanning the extracted oolong tea in bottles showed that the best suppression is on the bottle, which contains extracted oolong tea using a boiling method with aquadest solvent. The image enhancement on MRCP showed that biliary trees are all enhanced using all the extraction methods; however, the best suppression for the stomach and duodenum is using the boiling method with aquadest solvent. The best choice for oolong tea extraction to get the best image to enhance and maximum suppression for disturbing organs is the boiling method with aquadest solvent. For the oolong tea, oral media contrast is to consider the level of manganese substance and its capability to suppress the disturbing organ to provide the best image for MRCP
Implementation of artificial intelligence in the histological assessment of pulmonary subsolid nodules

Background Clinical management of subsolid nodules (SSNs) is defined by the suspicion of tumor invasiveness. We sought to develop an artificial intelligent (AI) algorithm for invasiveness assessment of lung adenocarcinoma manifesting as radiological SSNs. We investigated the performance of this algorithm in classification of SSNs related to invasiveness. Methods A retrospective chest computed tomography (CT) dataset of 1,589 SSNs was constructed to develop (85%) and internally test (15%) the proposed AI diagnostic tool, SSNet. Diagnostic performance was evaluated in the hold-out test set and was further tested in an external cohort of 102 SSNs. Three thoracic surgeons and three radiologists were required to evaluate the invasiveness of SSNs on both test datasets to investigate the clinical utility of the proposed SSNet. Results In the differentiation of invasive adenocarcinoma (IA), SSNet achieved a similar area under the curve [AUC; 0.914, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.813–0.987] with that of the 6 doctors (0.900, 95% CI: 0.867–0.922). When interpreting with the assistance of SSNet, the sensitivity of junior doctors, specificity of senior doctor, and their accuracy were significantly improved. In the external test, SSNet (AUC: 0.949, 95% CI: 0.884–1.000) achieved a better AUC than doctors (AUC: 0.883, 95% CI: 0.826–0.939) whose AUC increased (AUC: 0.908, 95% CI: 0.847–0.982) with SSNet assistance. In the histological subtype classifications, SSNet achieved better performance than practicing doctors. The AUCs of doctors were significantly improved with the assistance of SSNet in both 4-category and 3-category classifications to 0.836 (95% CI: 0.811–0.862) and 0.852 (95% CI: 0.825–0.882), respectively. Conclusions The AI diagnostic system achieved non-inferior performance to doctors, and will potentially improve diagnostic performance and efficiency in SSN evaluation.
Nourishing the Human Holobiont to Reduce the Risk of Non-Communicable Diseases: A Cow’s Milk Evidence Map Example

The microbiome revolution brought the realization that diet, health, and safety for humans in reality means diet, health, and safety for the human holobiont/superorganism. Eating healthier means much more than just feeding human cells. Our diet must also nourish the combination of our microbiome and our connected physiological systems (e.g., the microimmunosome). For this reason, there has been an interest in returning to ancestral “complete” unprocessed foods enriched in microbes, including raw milks. To contribute to this inevitable “nourishing the holobiont” trend, we introduce a systematic risk–benefit analysis tool (evidence mapping), which facilitates transdisciplinary state-of-the-science decisions that transcend single scientific disciplines. Our prior paper developed an evidence map (a type of risk–benefit mind map) for raw vs. processed/pasteurized human breast milk. In the present paper, we follow with a comprehensive evidence map and narrative for raw/natural vs. processed/pasteurized cow’s milk. Importantly, the evidence maps incorporate clinical data for both infectious and non-communicable diseases and allow the impact of modern agricultural, food management, and medical and veterinary monitoring outcomes to be captured. Additionally, we focus on the impact of raw milks (as “complete” foods) on the microimmunosome, the microbiome-systems biology unit that significantly determines risk of the world’s number one cause of human death, non-communicable diseases.
1-D modelling of pressure fluctuations due to confined bubble growth during flow boiling in a microchannel

A simple 1-D model is presented to study the effects of the wall heat flux, location of the nucleation site, channel dimensions and fluid properties on the pressure fluctuations caused by confined bubble growth in rectangular microchannels, for zero upstream compressibility. A simple isothermal compressibility model is then used to study the effects of the initial volume of non-condensable gas trapped in the upstream plenum, initial inlet velocity and nucleation site location on local pressure fluctuations and transient flow reversal. Both acceleration pressure drop and viscous pressure drop are considered.
The DNA damage repair-related gene PKMYT1 is a potential biomarker in various malignancies

Background Protein kinase membrane associated tyrosine/threonine 1 (PKMYT1) regulates cell cycle and is a part of DNA damage repair (DDR)-related signaling. Recent studies have identified a role for PKMYT1 in tumor immunity and DDR. Thus, we initiated this study aiming to characterize the molecular and immunological portrait of PKMYT1 in cancer. Methods Transcriptomic data extrapolated from Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx), The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), and Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia (CCLE) datasets were used to determine the mRNA expression levels of PKMYT1. PKMYT1 mRNA expression status was correlated with patients’ prognosis as well as immune neoantigens, and immune checkpoints in 34 different tumors. The Tumor Immune Estimation Resource (TIMER) dataset was used to analyze immune infiltrating scores. Results PKMYT1 mRNA is differentially expressed in common tumors and high expression levels of PKMYT1 mRNA is associated with poor prognosis except for malignant thymoma (THYM). In addition, PKMYT1 mRNA expression was correlated with tumor-infiltrating immune cells particularly in lung squamous cell carcinoma, esophageal carcinoma, THYM, and lung adenocarcinoma. An upregulation of immune checkpoints and neoantigens was observed in tumors with a high PKMYT1 mRNA expression. Data from gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) revealed that PKMYT1 is involved in tumor immunogenicity, metabolism, and cell cycle progression. Conclusions PKMYT1 is differentially expressed in various cancers and exerts an important effect on tumor immunity and progression. The PKMYT1 gene holds the potential as a new potential biomarker. Therefore, further studies are clearly needed to elaborate our findings.
Correlation of acoustic features of pitch/rhythm/power and perceptual impressions after singing training for people with dysarthria

: The aim of this fundamental study is to investigate acoustic changes and perceptual impressions by singing and vocal training in 11 dysarthric Japanese patients. We also examined to improve their speech intelligibility through this training. Dysarthria is a speech disorder caused by diseases such as stroke, intractable neurological disease, and sequelae of head trauma. In terms of vocal evaluations, pre-test, mid-test, post-test, and follow-up test were performed quarterly to investigate a correlation between the ﬁve acoustic features of the singing voice (i.e. normalized frequency (pitch) score (NFS), normalized rhythm (duration) score (NRS), normalized intensity (power) score (NIS), frequency deviation (FD) and the intensity deviation (ID)) and speech intelligibility. These factors were evaluated based on the perceptual impression of a group of music major students (MS) and a group of non-music major students (NMS). The objective acoustic features revealed that the order of NRS, NIS, NFS, FD, and ID was higher in correlation with human subjective evaluation. The pre-test results of speech intelligibility indicated a greater improvement in the low intelligibility group than in the high intelligibility group. Furthermore, no diﬀerence was found in how perceptual impressions were evaluated between the MS and NMS groups.
Modeling Transit Passenger Choices of Access Stop

A logit discrete choice model is developed to investigate the choice of transit access stop (i.e., departure stop). The model incorporates different components of the transit service between given origin–destination pairs at given times. A choice set generation algorithm is developed to create the set of access stop choices and calculate the time-dependent impedances from each departure stop to the destination. The correlation between the choices is treated at two levels: (a) the mode of travel and (b) the route of travel. A nested logit model structure is adopted to account for the dependencies among the choices on the same mode, and a correction term is proposed that captures the correlation between the stop choices that results from the commonality of the routes that serve the destination. The data are from the household travel survey of 2009 in Southeast Queensland, Australia and include travel records on three public transit modes: bus, train, and ferry. The case study analysis of Southeast Queensland shows the effectiveness of the proposed correction by demonstrating improvements in modeling the choice of access stop. The research concludes a new finding that the choice of access stop is affected not only by the attributes of the transit path between the journey ends but also, significantly and directly, by the attributes of the departure stop itself.
Mild Bradykinesia Due to an Injury of Corticofugal-Tract from Secondary Motor Area in a Patient with Traumatic Brain Injury

Objectives: We report on a patient who showed mild bradykinesia due to injury of the corticofugal tract (CFT) from the secondary motor area following direct head trauma, which was demonstrated on diffusion tensor tractography (DTT). Case summary: A 58-year-old male patient underwent conservative management for subarachnoid hemorrhages caused by direct head trauma resulting from a fall from six-meter height at the department of neurosurgery of a local hospital. His Glasgow Coma Scale score was 3. He developed mildly slow movements following the head trauma and visited the rehabilitation department of a university hospital at ten weeks after the fall. The patient exhibited mild bradykinesia during walking and arm movements with mild weakness in all four extremities (G/G - ). Results: On ten-week DTT, narrowing of the right CFT from the supplementary motor area (SMA-CFT), and partial tearing of the left SMA-CFT, left CFTs from the dorsal premotor cortex (dPMC-CFT) and both corticospinal tracts (CSTs) at the subcortical white matter were observed. Conclusion: This case demonstrated abnormalities in both CSTs (partial tearing at the subcortical white matter and narrowing), both SMA-CFTs (narrowing and partial tearing) and left dPMC-CFT. We believe our findings suggest the necessity of assessment of the CFTs from the secondary motor area for patients with unexplained bradykinesia following direct head trauma. tensor imaging (DTI) acquired at ten after onset with single-shot echo-planar 70 contiguous slices (acquisition matrix: to matrix: 192 field view: 240×240 mm 2 , TR: 10,398 ms, TE: 72 ms, parallel imaging reduction factor: 2, echo-planar imaging factor: 59 and b: 1,000 sec/mm 2 , NEX: 1, and a slice thickness: 2.5 mm) were acquired parallel to the anterior commissure-posterior commissure line. To analyze the corticospinal tract (CST), fiber tracking was performed using the fiber assign-ment continuous tracking algorithm implemented within the DTI task card software (Philips MR Work 2.6.). The seed region of interest (ROI) was placed on the lower pons, and the target ROI was placed on the upper pons on the color map. Termination criteria used for fiber tracking were FA<0.15, angle<27°. For analysis of the CFTs from the dorsal premotor cortex (dPMC-CFT) and supplementary motor area (SMA-CFT), the Oxford Centre for Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Brain (FMRIB) Software Library fsl) was used for analysis of DTI data. For CFTs, the seed ROI was placed on the cerebral peduncle of the midbrain. The target ROI was defined as the dPMC and SMA area. of 5,000 samples generated from each voxel, results for each were visualized threshold and weightings
Baris Memedi Dance in Jatiluwih Village Tabanan Bali: A Strategy to Preserve Traditional Arts

The Baris Memedi dance depicts a group of ‘ghosts’ who live in haunted places such as graves, cliffs, and in large trees. It is danced by 7-15 male dancers. This dance is performed in Ngaben (cremation) ceremony called Pitra Yadnya, using the Baleganjur gamelan accompaniment. The objective of this study is to analyze the form of existence of the Baris Memedi dance in implementing the Pitra Yadnya ceremony. Another objective is to understand the strategy for its preservation as a traditional art so that this dance can live and be long-lasting until today. The additional objective is to find the uniqueness of the dance that it needs preservation. The method used was a qualitative method that considers the issues of cultural context, ideology, interests, power in the culture, and meaning which refers to the culturalistic-humanistic paradigm, namely civilizing humans and humanizing humans. Based on observation, Baris Memedi dance has four stages in its presentation form. The preservation strategy is the active role of supporting the community, the role of Jatiluwih Village apparatus, Jatiluwih artists’ participation, and the government’s support. The most important aspect of Baris Memedi it is inseparable from its community. The proponents of traditional arts should continue to pursue these preservation efforts so that the arts have cultural resilience through Ajeg Bali.
Identification of the most appropriate adaptation for rice and wheat in the face of climate change in eastern India

The changing climate affects natural resources that impart a negative impact on crop yield and food security. It is thus imperative to identify agro-climate wise, area-specific adaptation options to ensure food security. This study, therefore, evaluated some feasible adaptation options for two staple food grain crops, rice and wheat, in different agro-climatic regions (ACRs) of Eastern India. Alteration in transplanting date, seedling age, and fertilizer management (rate and split of fertilizer) for rice; and sowing date, fertilizer management, and deficit irrigation scheduling for wheat, are assessed as adaptation options. Crop environment and resource synthesis (DSSAT) model is used to simulate the crop yield using different plausible adaptation options to projected climate scenarios. Findings show that shifting transplanting/sowing date, and nitrogen fertilizer application at 120% of recommended nitrogen dose with four splits could be an effective adaptation for rice and wheat crops. Results also emphasize that transplanting of 18 days older seedlings may be beneficial in rice cultivation. In contrast, irrigation at a 30–40% deficit of maximum available water would sustain the wheat yield under climate change conditions. This study suggests the best combination of adaptation options under climate change conditions in diverse ACRs, which may assist agriculturists in coping with climate change.
Developing the Axisymmetric Expanding Ring: A High Strain-Rate Materials Characterization Test

ii Dedication.iii Acknowledgments.iv Vita.v List of Tables.ix List of Figures.x Chapter 1: Introduction.1 Chapter 2: Analytic Foundations.21 Chapter 3: The FIRE system.46 Chapter 4: Characterization of a model material (OFHC copper). 76 Chapter 5: Discussion.105 Chapter 6: Conclusions & Recommendations . 120 References.123 Appendix A: Constitutive Laws.135 Appendix B: PDV Information.142 Appendix C: FIRE 2 Capacitor Bank Information.152
A Reconfigurable Leg for Walking Robots

We present the design of a robotic leg that can seamlessly switch between a spring-suspended, and unsuspended configuration. Switching is realized by a mechanism that exploits the alternative configuration of the two-link leg. The mechanism is lightweight, does not require additional actuation, and only relies on the leg movement for engagement. We validated the performance of the prototype leg on a single-leg testbed and investigated the power consumption during standing, crouching, and hopping in both configurations. The experiments showed that the efficiency of hopping and cyclic base height control is better with the spring-suspended configuration. However, it can undermine the leg’s performance in position control and requires higher torque to maintain low base height, where the unsuspended configuration has advantages. Overall, the switching ability allows for seamlessly selecting the optimal mode for a specific locomotion task.
Cognitive Control in Young and Older Adults: Does Mood Matter?

The dual mechanisms of control framework (DMC) proposes two modes of cognitive control: proactive and reactive control. In anticipation of an interference event, young adults primarily use a more proactive control mode, whereas older adults tend to use a more reactive one during the event, due to age-related deficits in working memory. The current study aimed to examine the effects of mood induction on cognitive control mode in older (ages 65+) compared to young adults (ages 18–30) with a standard letter-cue (Experiment 1) and a modified face-cue AX-CPT (Experiment 2). Mood induction into negative and/or positive mood versus neutral mood was conducted prior to the cognitive control task. Experiment 1 replicated the typical pattern of proactive control use in young adults and reactive control use in older adults. In Experiment 2, older adults showed comparable proactive control to young adults in their response time (RT). Mood induction showed little effect on cognitive control across the two experiments. These results did not reveal consistent effects of mood (negative or positive) on cognitive control mode in young and older adults, but discovered (or demonstrated) that older adults can engage proactive control when dichotomous face cues (female or male) are used in AX-CPT.
Morphological and Biochemical Responses Associated With Resistance to Earias Vittella Fab. (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) In Okra Varieties

Response of morphological and biochemical traits against okra shoot and fruit borer in different okra varieties were studied. Among the fifteen okra varieties under test Kashi Satdhari was the most superior variety as it showed lowest (2.60) per cent shoot damage followed by D-1-87-5 (3.62%) and Pusa A-4 (4.24%). On the contrary, in Pusa Sawani highest level of shoot infestation (16.23%) followed by SB-2 (13.74%) as against Kashi Pragati (check) 10.08 per cent were recorded. Further, okra variety Kashi Satdhari (7.87%) showed lowest fruit infestation and was considered as least susceptible variety which was at par with NO-136 (8.77%), D-1-87-5 (9.12%) and Kashi Leela (9.38%). Amongst all the okra varieties evaluated for their susceptibility to fruit infestation, Pusa Sawani and VRO-03 showed relatively higher fruit infestation i.e. 35.17 and 33.41 per cent, respectively and registered as the most inferior varieties against (26.12%) Kashi Pragati (check). The correlation study between fruit infestation and morphological factors implied that primary branching and trichome length adversely affect the borer infestation. Further, phenol and phosphorus availability in host plant also showed negative effect on shoot and fruit borer infestation. Bangladesh J. Bot. 50(4): 1059-1066, 2021 (December)
Willingness to intervene to protect the group from consequences of substance use

ABSTRACT Objective We tested relationships between three substances – alcohol, marijuana, and club drugs (hallucinogens, LSD, and MDMA) – and willingness to intervene as bystanders in potentially high-risk situations. Self-reported substance use was assessed during a typical week and during a week with multiple electronic music events. Method Two hundred undergraduate students were asked about substance use during specific days with a calendar method to promote recall. Willingness to intervene within peer group was measured with a 5-item scale. Results Willingness to intervene was relatively high (M= 4.27, SD = 0.74, range 1–5). Multiple linear regression showed heavy drinkers or club drug users had lower group willingness to intervene than non-users of either substance (β = −.16, −.21, respectively). Gender and event attendance were not related to willingness to intervene and did not moderate links with heavy drinking or club drug use. Conclusions Although overall undergraduates reported being willing to intervene to protect group members, heavy drinkers or club drug users had lower willingness to intervene. Future research should assess actual behavior. Programs addressing high-risk situations and bystander interventions might benefit from adding strategies that focus on heavy drinkers or club drug users.