Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Gravity waves in the middle atmosphere during the MaCWAVE winter campaign: evidence of mountain wave critical level encounters

Abstract. Falling sphere and balloon wind and temperature data from the MaCWAVE winter campaign, which was conducted in northern Scandinavia during January 2003, are analyzed to investigate gravity wave characteristics in the stratosphere and mesosphere. There were two stratospheric warming events occurring during the campaign, one having a maximum temperature perturbation at ~45 km during 17–19 January, and the other having a maximum perturbation at ~30 km during 24–27 January. The former was a major event, whereas the latter was a minor one. Both warmings were accompanied by upper mesospheric coolings, and during the second warming, the upper mesospheric cooling propagated downward. Falling sphere data from the two salvos on 24–25 January and 28 January were analyzed for gravity wave characteristics. Gravity wave perturbations maximized at ~45–50 km, with a secondary maximum at ~60 km during Salvo 1; for Salvo 2, wave activity was most pronounced at ~60 km and above. Gravity wave horizontal propagation directions are estimated using the conventional hodographic analysis combined with the S-transform (a Gaussian wavelet analysis method). The results are compared with those from a Stokes analysis. They agree in general, though the former appears to provide better estimates for some cases, likely due to the capability of the S-transform to obtain robust estimates of wave amplitudes and phase differences between different fields. For Salvo 1 at ~60 km and above, gravity waves propagated towards the southeast, whereas for Salvo 2 at similar altitudes, waves propagated predominantly towards the northwest or west. These waves were found not to be topographic waves. Gravity wave motions at ~45–50 km in Salvo 1 were more complicated, but they generally had large amplitudes, short vertical scales, and their hodographs revealed a northwest-southeast orientation. In addition, the ratios between wave amplitudes and intrinsic phase speeds generally displayed a marked peak at ~45–50 km and decreased sharply at ~50 km, where the background winds were very weak. These results suggest that these wave motions were most likely topographic waves approaching their critical levels. Waves were more nearly isotropic in the lower stratosphere.
Long term association of hip fractures by questions of physical health in a cohort of men and women

We do not know if fracture predicting factors are constant throughout life, if they can be assessed earlier in life, and for how long. The aim was to study the association between questions about health status and mobility and fragility fractures in a cohort during a 35-year follow-up. A cohort of 16,536 men and women in two age groups, 26–45 and 46–65 years old, who answered five questions of their physical health status in postal surveys in 1969–1970. We obtained data on hip fractures from 1970 to the end of 2016. We found most significant results when restricting the follow-up to age 60–85 years, 35 for the younger age group and 20 years for the older. Men of both age groups considered “at risk” according to their answers had a 2.69 (CI 1.85–3.90)– 3.30 (CI 1.51–7.23) increased risk of having a hip fracture during a follow-up. Women in the younger age group had a 2.69 (CI 1.85–3.90) increased risk, but there was no elevated risk for women in the older age group. This study shows that questions/index of physical health status may be associated with hip fractures that occur many years later in life, and that there is a time span when the predictive value of the questions can be used, before other, age-related, factors dominate. Our interpretation of the results is that we are studying the most vulnerable, who have hip fractures relatively early in life, and that hip fractures are so common among older women that the questions in the survey lose their predictive value.
Xenogeneic cross-circulation for physiological support and recovery of ex vivo human livers

Background and Aims: The scarcity of suitable donor livers highlights a continuing need for innovation to recover organs with reversible injuries in liver transplantation. Approach and Results: Explanted human donor livers (n = 5) declined for transplantation were supported using xenogeneic cross-circulation of whole blood between livers and xeno-support swine. Livers and swine were assessed over 24 hours of xeno-support. Livers maintained normal global appearance, uniform perfusion, and preservation of histologic and subcellular architecture. Oxygen consumption increased by 75% (p = 0.16). Lactate clearance increased from −0.4 ± 15.5% to 31.4 ± 19.0% (p = 0.02). Blinded histopathologic assessment demonstrated improved injury scores at 24 hours compared with 12 hours. Vascular integrity and vasoconstrictive function were preserved. Bile volume and cholangiocellular viability markers improved for all livers. Biliary structural integrity was maintained. Conclusions: Xenogeneic cross-circulation provided multisystem physiological regulation of ex vivo human livers that enabled functional rehabilitation, histopathologic recovery, and improvement of viability markers. We envision xenogeneic cross-circulation as a complementary technique to other organ-preservation technologies in the recovery of marginal donor livers or as a research tool in the development of advanced bioengineering and pharmacologic strategies for organ recovery and rehabilitation.
Current perspectives on resistance to chimeric antigen receptor T‐cell therapy and strategies to improve efficacy in B‐cell lymphoma

Although chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T‐cell therapy has demonstrated remarkable efficacy in patients with chemo‐refractory B‐cell lymphoma, a significant portion is refractory or relapse. Resistance is a major barrier to improving treatment efficacy and long‐term survival in CAR T‐cell therapy, and clinicians have very limited tools to discriminate a priori patients who will or will not respond to treatment. While CD19‐negative relapses due to loss of target antigen is well described, it accounts for only about 30% of cases with treatment failure. Recent efforts have shed light on mechanisms of CD19‐positive relapse due to tumor intrinsic resistance, T‐cell quality/manufacturing, or CAR T‐cell exhaustion mediated by hostile tumor microenvironment. Here, we review the latest updates of preclinical and clinical trials to investigate the mechanisms of resistance and relapse post CAR T‐cell therapy in B cell lymphoma and discuss novel treatment strategies to overcome resistance as well as advances that are useful for a CAR T therapist to optimize and personalize CAR T‐cell therapy.
Error Growth in a Large Numerical Forecast System

Abstract Internal and external z500 global total rms errors followed quadratic growth laws quite well in NMC Medium-Range Forecast (MRF) Model 0–10-day forecasts for 1988–93. Growth parameters and model and analysis errors for many winter were estimated using the quadratic rms error growth assumption. Both the MRF model error and analysis error have nearly halved during 1988–93. But at the same time the growth parameters have nearly doubled: smaller errors grow faster. Thus while the limit of deterministic predictability (rms error 71% of saturation) has been going up, the limit of dynamic predictability (rms error 97.5% of saturation) seems to be set at around 20 days in large horizontal scales, dropping to 6–7 days in small scales.
Is robotic assistance an added value in minimally invasive mitral valve surgery? A meta-analysis from propensity score–matched series

Objectives There is still ongoing debate about the benefits of robotic assistance (R-MVS) in comparison with video assistance (V-MVS) in minimally invasive mitral valve surgery. This study aims to update the current evidence. Methods Three propensity score–matched studies published from 2011 to 2021 were included with a total of 1193 patients operated on from 2005 (R-MVS: 536, V-MVS: 657). Data regarding early mortality, postoperative event, and time-related outcomes were extracted and submitted to a meta-analysis using weighted random-effects modeling. Results The incidence of early mortality, stroke, renal failure, conversion, atrial fibrillation, and prolonged ventilation were similar, all in the absence of heterogeneity. Reoperation for bleeding (odds ratio [OR]: 0.36, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.16–0.81, p = 0.01) and the need for blood transfusion (OR: 0.30, 95% CI, 0.20–0.56, p = 0.001) were significantly lower in V-MVS group. Regarding time-related outcomes, there was evidence for important heterogeneity of treatment effect among the studies. Operative times were longer in R-MVS: differences in means were 20.7 min for cross-clamp time (95% CI, 9.07–32.3, p = 0.001), 20.7 min for cardiopulmonary bypass time (95% CI, 2.5–38.9, p = 0.03) and 40.2 min for total operative time (95% CI, 24.5–55.8, p < 0.001). Intensive care unit stay and hospital stay were reported in one study, and longer after R-MVS compared to V-MVS; the differences in means were 0.17 days (p = 0.005) and 0.6 days (p = 0.017), respectively. Total cost of both procedures was reported in an additional dedicated propensity score–matched series including 448 patients; it was 21% higher for R-MVS than for V-MVS. Conclusions This meta-analysis showed excellent outcomes of both video and robotic techniques with low incidence of morbidity and mortality. However, there is no evidence for an added value of robotic assistance in comparison with video assistance; the drawbacks of mini access are reported higher regardless the induced over cost.
Altered large‐scale dynamic connectivity patterns in Alzheimer's disease and mild cognitive impairment patients: A machine learning study

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a common neurodegeneration disease associated with substantial disruptions in the brain network. However, most studies investigated static resting‐state functional connections, while the alteration of dynamic functional connectivity in AD remains largely unknown. This study used group independent component analysis and the sliding‐window method to estimate the subject‐specific dynamic connectivity states in 1704 individuals from three data sets. Informative inherent states were identified by the multivariate pattern classification method, and classifiers were built to distinguish ADs from normal controls (NCs) and to classify mild cognitive impairment (MCI) patients with informative inherent states similar to ADs or not. In addition, MCI subgroups with heterogeneous functional states were examined in the context of different cognition decline trajectories. Five informative states were identified by feature selection, mainly involving functional connectivity belonging to the default mode network and working memory network. The classifiers discriminating AD and NC achieved the mean area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.87 with leave‐one‐site‐out cross‐validation. Alterations in connectivity strength, fluctuation, and inter‐synchronization were found in AD and MCIs. Moreover, individuals with MCI were clustered into two subgroups, which had different degrees of atrophy and different trajectories of cognition decline progression. The present study uncovered the alteration of dynamic functional connectivity in AD and highlighted that the dynamic states could be powerful features to discriminate patients from NCs. Furthermore, it demonstrated that these states help to identify MCIs with faster cognition decline and might contribute to the early prevention of AD.
ALGEBRAIC INDEPENDENCE OF CERTAIN MAHLER FUNCTIONS AND OF THEIR VALUES

This paper considers algebraic independence and hypertranscendence of functions satisfying Mahler-type functional equations $af(z^{r})=f(z)+R(z)$ , where $a$ is a nonzero complex number, $r$ an integer greater than 1, and $R(z)$ a rational function. Well-known results from the scope of Mahler’s method then imply algebraic independence over the rationals of the values of these functions at algebraic points. As an application, algebraic independence results on reciprocal sums of Fibonacci and Lucas numbers are obtained.
Diagnostic Accuracy of Manual Muscle Testing to Identify Nerve Transfer Candidates in Children with Acute Flaccid Myelitis

Background: Manual muscle testing is a mainstay of strength assessment despite not having been compared with intraoperative electrical stimulation of peripheral nerves. Methods: Intraoperative electrical stimulation served as the reference standard in evaluating predictive accuracy of the Active Movement Scale (AMS) and the Medical Research Council (MRC) scale. Retrospective consecutive sampling of all patients with AFM who underwent exploration or nerve transfer at a pediatric multidisciplinary brachial plexus and peripheral nerve center from March of 2016 to July of 2020 were included. The nonparametric area under the curve (AUC) was calculated. Optimal cutoff score (Youden J) and diagnostic accuracy values were reported. The AMS and MRC scale were directly compared for predictive superiority. Results: A total of 181 upper extremity nerves (73 donor nerve candidates and 108 recipient nerve candidates) were tested intraoperatively from 40 children (mean age ± SD, 7.9 ± 4.9 years). The scales performed similarly (P = 0.953) in classifying suitable donor nerves with satisfactory accuracy (AUCAMS, 71.5%; AUCMRC, 70.7%; optimal cutoff, AMS >5 and MRC >2). The scales performed similarly (P = 0.688) in classifying suitable recipient nerves with good accuracy (AUCAMS, 92.1%; AUCMRC:, 94.9%; optimal cutoff, AMS ≤3 and MRC ≤1). Conclusions: Manual muscle testing is an accurate, noninvasive means of identifying donor and recipient nerves for transfer in children with acute flaccid myelitis. The utility of these results is in minimizing unexpected findings in the operating room and aiding in the development of contingency plans. Further research may extend these findings to test the validity of manual muscle testing as an outcome measure of the success of nerve transfer. CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Diagnostic, I.
Least-squares multi-spacecraft gradient calculation with automatic error estimation

Multi-spacecraft missions allow the gradient of important physical quantities in the terrestrial environment to be determined. The gradient can be computed from four simultaneous measurements in a straightforward way, but this computation does not produce proper error estimates, making it hard to assess the meaningfulness of the result. Recently developed least-squares gradient computation techniques offer the possibility to obtain more precise results with all-inclusive error estimates, provided that information about the non-linearity of the space and time variations of the observed quantity is given. The present paper describes several heuristics for estimating these variations, thereby enabling a fully automatic computation of the gradient and the associated error estimates. The performance of these heuristics is illustrated with synthetic data corresponding to 4- and 10-spacecraft configurations.
Plasma insulin is required for the increase in plasma angiopoietin‐like protein 8 in response to nutrient ingestion

Plasma levels of angiopoietin‐like protein 8 (ANGPTL8) are regulated by feeding and they increase following glucose ingestion. Because both plasma glucose and insulin increase following food ingestion, we aimed to determine whether the increase in plasma insulin and glucose or both are responsible for the increase in ANGPTL8 levels.
Association between ultra-processed foods and recurrence of depressive symptoms: the Whitehall II cohort study

ABSTRACT Objectives To examine the association between high intakes of ultra-processed foods (UPF) and recurrence of depressive symptoms (DepS) in a Western non-Mediterranean country and its contribution to the overall diet-depression relationship. Methods Analyses were carried out on British participants from the Whitehall II cohort. Present analyses were restricted to white participants N = 4554 (74% men, mean age = 61; SD = 5.9). UPF consumption was estimated from a 127-item food frequency questionnaire using the NOVA classification, and cumulative average of UPF intakes (g/day) over 11 years of exposure (1991/1994–2002/2004) was computed. Recurrent DepS after measurement of UPF was defined as having two or more episodes of DepS (the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) score ≥ 16 or antidepressants use) during four phases of follow-up (2002/2004–2015/2016). Results Over the follow-up, 588 (12.9%) cases of recurrent DepS were observed. After adjusting for socio-demographic factors, health behaviours and health status, participants in top quintile of UPF intakes [mean 33% of total daily intakes in grams] had 31% higher odds of recurrent DepS (odds ratio 1.31; 95% CI 1.04–1.64) compared to participants in the four lowest quintiles of UPF [mean 18.1% of total daily intakes in grams]. Additional analyses showed that associations between adherence to several diet quality measures and recurrent DepS were partially attenuated (17–27%) by UPF intakes. Conclusion In this British population, high intakes of ultra-processed foods were associated with increased odds of recurrent depressive symptoms and contributed to the overall diet quality-depressive symptoms association.
On the scaling behavior of hardness with ligament diameter of nanoporous-Au: Constrained motion of dislocations along the ligaments

The scaling behavior of hardness with ligament diameter and vacancy defect concentration in nanoporous Au (np-Au) has been investigated using a combination of Vickers Hardness, Scanning electron microscopy, and positron lifetime measurements. It is shown that for np-Au, the hardness scales with the ligament diameter with an exponent of −0.3, that is, at variance with the conventional Hall-Petch exponent of −0.5 for bulk systems, as seen in the controlled experiments on cold worked Au with varying grain size. The hardness of np-Au correlates with the vacancy concentration CV within the ligaments, as estimated from positron lifetime experiments, and scales as CV1/2, pointing to the interaction of dislocations with vacancies. The distinctive Hall-Petch exponent of −0.3 seen for np-Au, with ligament diameters in the range of 5–150 nm, is rationalized by invoking the constrained motion of dislocations along the ligaments.
Magnetic dipole excitation of a long conductor in a lossy medium

A formulation is presented for the excitation of currents on an infinitely long conductor by electric or magnetic dipoles of arbitrary orientation. The conductor can be either insulated or bare to model ungrounded or grounded conductors. Specific calculations are presented for a vertical magnetic dipole source because this source produces the appropriate horizontal polarization and could be used in a borehole-to-borehole configuration. Numerical results for the induced current and secondary magnetic field indicate that long conductors produce a strong anomaly over a broad frequency range. The secondary magnetic field decays slowly in the direction of the conductor and eventually becomes larger than the dipole source. Results have been presented for frequencies from 20 kHz to 2 MHz, and the entire frequency range appears to be useful. >
Effects of preventive nursing based on quantitative evaluation on psychological state and maternal–infant outcome in patients with gestational diabetes mellitus

Abstract Objective To explore the effects of preventive nursing based on quantitative evaluation on psychological state and maternal–infant outcome in patients with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), further, to provide a theoretical basis for the effective management of GDM patients in clinical work. Methods From 1 February 2020 to 1 January 2021, 118 patients with GDM presenting to our hospital were included in this retrospective cohort study. According to the type of nursing care, patients were divided into study group and control groups. The study group consisted of 59 GDM patients who were given quantitative evaluation-based preventive nursing care. The control group included 59 GDM patients who were given routine nursing care. Outcome indicators included blood glucose level, degree of social support, resilience, coping style, and maternal–infant outcomes. Results There was no significant difference between two groups in other baseline clinical characteristics (p > .05). After the intervention, fasting blood glucose (FBG), glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), and 2 h postprandial blood glucose (2hPBG) levels were significantly lower in the study group than that in the control group (p < .05). The scores of objective support, subjective support, and social support utilization in the study group were significantly higher than those in the control group after intervention (p < .05). The scores of optimisms, self-strengthening and tenacity in the study group were significantly less than those in the control group (p < .05). The study group confrontation score was significantly higher, and the avoidance and acceptance scores were significantly lower, compared with the control group (p < .05). The maternal–infant outcome showed that the proportions of cesarean delivery, pregnancy-induced hypertension, polyhydramnios, premature delivery, hyperbilirubinemia, and neonatal hypoglycemia in the study group were significantly lower than those in the control group (p < .05). There was no significant difference in the incidence of postpartum hemorrhage and neonatal 5-min Apgar score between the two groups (p > .05). Conclusions In conclusion, preventive nursing based on quantitative assessment can effectively control the blood glucose level of GDM patients, improve their degree of social support, resilience, coping style, and maternal–infant outcomes, which is worthy of clinical application.
Pedestrian street behavior mapping using unmanned aerial vehicles. A case study in Santiago de Chile

Objective observation of pedestrian behavior on the street has traditionally been difficult due to intensive commitment of time and resources with spatial analysis of pedestrian locations encountering additional problems. Recently, Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) have gained popularity due to the significant improvements they offer over other conventional observation systems, such as their ability to cover larger surface areas in less time. This study tests the performance of UAV-based observation techniques in measuring pedestrian activity in two comparative settings in Santiago de Chile. The study develops an alternative technique adapting the behavioral mapping methodology that allows acquiring information about the people’s activities and the places where they are carried out. In this study a set of streets in the city of Santiago de Chile was selected as a case study, and the reliability of those observations was tested among raters in a population sample. Further, the use of a Geographic Information System (GIS) in the data coding process is detailed and exemplified using some of its spatial analysis tools. The results show high levels of inter-rater reliability in the different categories of recorded data. Finally, we discuss the advantages and limitations in observing pedestrian behavior using this technology and observation technique.