Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Distinct and temporally associated neural mechanisms underlying concurrent, postsuccess, and posterror cognitive controls: Evidence from a stop‐signal task

Cognitive control is built upon the interactions of multiple brain regions. It is currently unclear whether the involved regions are temporally separable in relation to different cognitive processes and how these regions are temporally associated in relation to different task performances. Here, using stop‐signal task data acquired from 119 healthy participants, we showed that concurrent and poststop cognitive controls were associated with temporally distinct but interrelated neural mechanisms. Specifically, concurrent cognitive control activated regions in the cingulo‐opercular network (including the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex [dACC], insula, and thalamus), together with superior temporal gyrus, secondary motor areas, and visual cortex; while regions in the fronto‐parietal network (including the lateral prefrontal cortex [lPFC] and inferior parietal lobule) and cerebellum were only activated during poststop cognitive control. The associations of activities between concurrent and poststop regions were dependent on task performance, with the most notable difference in the cerebellum. Importantly, while concurrent and poststop signals were significantly correlated during successful cognitive control, concurrent activations during erroneous trials were only correlated with posterror activations in the fronto‐parietal network but not cerebellum. Instead, the cerebellar activation during posterror cognitive control was likely to be driven secondarily by posterror activation in the lPFC. Further, a dynamic causal modeling analysis demonstrated that postsuccess cognitive control was associated with inhibitory connectivity from the lPFC to cerebellum, while excitatory connectivity from the lPFC to cerebellum was present during posterror cognitive control. Overall, these findings suggest dissociable but temporally related neural mechanisms underlying concurrent, postsuccess, and posterror cognitive control processes in healthy individuals.
Cross-sectional online survey to determine the prevalence, knowledge, attitude and practice of tobacco cessation among governmental healthcare workers in Qatar

Objectives One effective approach of tobacco control is to encourage the role and the participation of healthcare workers in the prevention efforts against tobacco use. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of tobacco use among governmental healthcare workers in Qatar, to assess healthcare workers’ knowledge, attitude and practice of tobacco cessation and to predict factors associated with above average tobacco cessation practice scores. Design A cross-sectional survey study was conducted among healthcare workers working in Hamad Medical Corporation and Primary Healthcare Centres in Qatar using a self-administered online questionnaire in 2019. Setting Hamad Medical Corporation and Primary Healthcare Centres in Qatar. Participants Governmental healthcare workers aged 18 years and above (n=7214). Results The response rate of our online survey was 20.6% (7214/35 000). Of the 7214 healthcare workers, 16.3% (n=1178) were current tobacco users. In particular, the prevalence of tobacco use among physicians was 11.0%. Fifty-two per cent of healthcare workers (n=2338) attained an average knowledge score (12–17), 71.8% (n=3094) attained positive attitude scores (8–12) and 57.1% (n=3052) attained above average practice scores (12–26). Among the different professions, physicians were having the highest mean knowledge (15.3±4.7), attitude (9.4±1.9) and practice (13.7±6.1) scores. Multivariate analysis showed that having good knowledge (adjusted OR (AOR)=2.8; p<0.0001) and training (AOR=2.4; p<0.0001) were the strongest factors associated positively with above average tobacco cessation practice scores. Conclusions Healthcare workers in Qatar have a relatively similar prevalence of tobacco use than earlier studies with no significant increase. Investing more in training programmes for healthcare workers are needed to root out this negative behaviour and to increase their skills to assist users to quit.
Vacuum ultraviolet silicon photomultipliers applied to BaF2 cross-luminescence detection for high-rate ultrafast timing applications

Inorganic scintillators are widely used for fast timing applications in high-energy physics (HEP) experiments, time-of-flight positron emission tomography and time tagging of soft and hard x-ray photons at advanced light sources. As the best coincidence time resolution (CTR) achievable is proportional to the square root of the scintillation decay time it is worth studying fast cross-luminescence, for example in BaF2 which has an intrinsic yield of about 1400 photons/MeV. However, emission bands in BaF2 are located in the deep-UV at 195 nm and 220 nm, which sets severe constraints on photodetector selection. Recent developments in dark matter and neutrinoless double beta decay searches have led to silicon photomultipliers (SiPMs) with photon detection efficiencies of 20%–25% at wavelengths of 200 nm. We tested state-of-the-art devices from Fondazione Bruno Kessler and measured a best CTR of 51 ± 5 ps full width at half maximum when coupling 2 mm × 2 mm × 3 mm BaF2 crystals excited by 511 keV electron–positron annihilation gammas. Using these vacuum ultraviolet SiPMs we recorded the scintillation kinetics of samples from Epic Crystal under 511 keV excitation, confirming a fast decay time of 855 ps with 12.2% relative light yield and 805 ns with 84.0% abundance, together with a smaller rise time of 4 ps beyond the resolution of our setup. The total intrinsic light yield was determined to be 8500 photons/MeV. We also revealed a faster component with 136 ps decay time and 3.7% light yield contribution, which is extremely interesting for the fastest timing applications. Timing characteristics and CTR results on BaF2 samples from different producers and with different dopants (yttrium, cadmium and lanthanum) are given, and clearly show that the the slow 800 ns emission can be effectively suppressed. Such results ultimately pave the way for high-rate ultrafast timing applications in medical diagnosis, range monitoring in proton or heavy ion therapy and HEP.
USV Formation and Path-Following Control via Deep Reinforcement Learning With Random Braking

This article addresses the problem of path following for underactuated unmanned surface vessels (USVs) formation via a modified deep reinforcement learning with random braking (DRLRB). A formation control model based on deep reinforcement learning (DRL) is constructed to urge USVs to form a preset formation. Specifically, an efficient reward function is designed from the perspective of velocity and error distance of each USV related to the given formation, and then a novel random braking mechanism is formulated to prevent the training of the decision-making network from falling into the local optimum and failing to achieve the training objectives. Following that, a virtual leader-based path-following guidance system is developed for the USV formation problem. Wherein, with the aid of DRLRB, our proposed system can adjust formation automatically and flexibly even when some USVs deviate from the formation. Simulation verifies the effectiveness and superiority of our formation and path-following control strategy.
Physical Activity and Fatigue in Children With Intestinal Failure on Parenteral Nutrition

ABSTRACT Objectives: With improved survival of children with intestinal failure (IF), it is important to examine the impact on long-term physical function, physical activity (PA), and fatigue and identify clinical factors that may be predictive of impairment. Methods: Cross-sectional study in children with IF on parenteral nutrition (PN) compared with healthy age- and sex-matched controls (HCs). Assessments included: Paediatric Quality of Life (PedsQL) Physical Function subscale, PedsQL Multi-Dimensional Fatigue Scale, and PA Perceived Benefits and Barriers scale. PA was measured using an accelerometer. Medical data was collected by chart abstraction. Results: Participants included 21 children with IF (14 girls), median age 8.33 (interquartile range [IQR] 6.96–11.04) years and 33 HCs (20 boys), 8.25 (6.67–10.79) years. In those with IF, 13 (62%) were born prematurely with a median of 15 (7.5–24.5) in-patient hospitalizations. There was a significant difference (P = 0.033) in mean steps/day in children with IF (9709 +/− 3975) compared with HCs (13104 +/− 5416), and a correlation between moderate-to-vigorous PA and gestational age (r = 0.642, P = 0.010). Child and parent proxy scores indicate poorer physical function and greater fatigue in the IF group, along with a correlation between greater fatigue (r = −0.538, P = 0.012), poorer physical function (r = −0.0650, P = 0.0001) in children with more hospitalizations. Barriers to PA include “I am tired” and “I am worried about my line. ” Conclusions: Children with IF present with lower levels of PA and physical function and greater fatigue compared with their peers. Ongoing development of medical and rehabilitation intervention strategies is vital to optimize outcomes.
An Approach for Faster Retrieval of Aerosols’ Complex Refractive Index Using Cavity Ring-Down Spectroscopy

Cavity ring-down spectroscopy (CRD-S) is widely adapted for studying light extinction by aerosol in laboratory and field studies. The complex refractive index (RI) of an aerosol can be retrieved by finding the theoretical Mie theory curve that best fits the measured extinction efficiency for as many aerosol diameters as possible. In this study, we introduce a new retrieval approach for the complex RI of aerosols using extinction measurements at only two carefully selected size parameters. We show that for three model substances measured (ammonium sulfate, Suwannee river fulvic acid, and nigrosin) and for 22 other reanalyzed datasets, the “2-points” measurement approach enables the retrieval of complex refractive indices with comparable uncertainty to the traditional measurement and retrieval procedure. The advantages and disadvantages of the new approach are discussed. Copyright 2012 American Association for Aerosol Research
Development and validation of a predictive model to determine the level of care in patients confirmed with COVID-19

Abstract Background The COVID-19 pandemic has imposed significant challenges on hospital capacity. While mitigating unnecessary crowding in hospitals is favourable to reduce viral transmission, it is more important to prevent readmissions with impaired clinical status due to initially inappropriate level of care. A validated predictive tool to assist clinical decisions for patient triage and facilitate remote stratification is of critical importance. Methods We conducted a retrospective study in patients with confirmed COVID-19 stratified into two levels of care, namely ambulatory care and hospitalization. Data on socio-demographics, clinical symptoms, and comorbidities were collected during the first (N = 571) and second waves (N = 174) of the pandemic in Belgium (2 March to 6 December 2020). Univariate and multivariate logistic regressions were performed to build and validate the prediction model. Results Significant predictors of hospitalization were old age (OR = 1.08, 95%CI:1.06–1.10), male gender (OR = 4.41, 95%CI: 2.58–7.52), dyspnoea (OR 6.11, 95%CI: 3.58–10.45), dry cough (OR 2.89, 95%CI: 1.54–5.41), wet cough (OR 4.62, 95%CI: 1.93–11.06), hypertension (OR 2.20, 95%CI: 1.17–4.16) and renal failure (OR 5.39, 95%CI: 1.00–29.00). Rhinorrhea (OR 0.43, 95%CI: 0.24–0.79) and headache (OR 0.36, 95%CI: 0.20–0.65) were negatively associated with hospitalization. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was constructed and the area under the ROC curve was 0.931 (95% CI: 0.910–0.953) for the prediction model (first wave) and 0.895 (95% CI: 0.833–0.957) for the validated dataset (second wave). Conclusion With a good discriminating power, the prediction model might identify patients who require ambulatory care or hospitalization and support clinical decisions by Emergency Department staff and general practitioners.
Electrogastrography Abnormalities in Pediatric Gastroduodenal Disorders: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text ABSTRACT Electrogastrography (EGG) is a non-invasive method of measuring gastric electrophysiology. Abnormal gastric electrophysiology is thought to contribute to disease pathophysiology in patients with gastroduodenal symptoms but this has not been comprehensively quantified in pediatric populations. This study aimed to quantify the abnormalities in gastric electrophysiology on EGG in neonatal and pediatric patients. Databases were systematically searched for articles utilizing EGG in neonatal and pediatric patients (≤18 years). Primary outcomes were prevalence of abnormality, percentage of time in normal rhythm, and power ratio. Secondary outcomes were correlations between patient symptoms and abnormal gastric electrophysiology on EGG. A total of 33 articles (1444 participants) were included. EGG methodologies were variable. Pooled prevalence of abnormalities on EGG ranged from 61% to 86% in patients with functional dyspepsia (FD), gastro-esophageal reflux disease (GERD), and type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). FD patients averaged 20.8% (P = 0.011) less preprandial and 21.6% (P = 0.031) less postprandial time in normogastria compared with controls. Electrophysiological abnormalities were inconsistent in GERD. T1DM patients averaged 46.2% (P = 0.0003) less preprandial and similar (P = 0.32) postprandial time in normogastria compared with controls, and had a lower power ratio (SMD −2.20, 95% confidence interval [CI]: −4.25 to −0.15; P = 0.036). Symptom correlations with gastric electrophysiology were inconsistently reported. Abnormalities in gastric electrophysiology were identifiable across a range of pediatric patients with gastroduodenal symptoms on meta-analysis. However, techniques have been inconsistent, and standardized and more reliable EGG methods are desirable to further define these findings and their potential utility in clinical practice.
Contrast-enhanced ultrasound algorithm (ACR CEUS LI-RADSv 2017)- a valuable tool for the noninvasive diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with chronic liver disease.

AIMS to evaluate the accuracy of LR-5 category from the latest Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound algorithm (ACR CEUS LI-RADSv 2017) for the noninvasive diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), in a real-life cohort of high-risk patients. MATERIAL AND METHODS We retrospectively re-analysed the CEUS studies of 464 focal liver lesions (FLL) in 382 patients at high-risk for HCC (liver cirrhosis of any aetiology, chronic B or C hepatitis with severe fibrosis) using the ACR CEUS LI-RADSv 2017 algorithm. CEUS LI-RADS categories used for the diagnosis of HCC were: CEUS LR-5 (definitely HCC) and CEUS LR-TIV (HCC with macrovascular invasion). Contrast-enhanced CT, contrast-enhanced MRI, or histology were used as diagnostic reference methods to evaluate the CEUS LI-RADS classification of the 464 lesions. RESULTS According to the reference method, the 464 lesions were classified as follows: 359 HCCs, 68 non-HCC-non-malignant lesions and 37 non-HCC malignant lesions. The diagnostic accuracy of LR-5 category for the diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma was 76.9%. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) were 71.9%, 94.3 %, 97.7% and 49.5%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS LR-5 category from ACR CEUS LI-RADSv 2017 algorithm, has good sensitivity, excellent specificity, and PPV for the diagnosis of HCC. The HCC rate increases from LR-3 to LR-5.
Attracted to Membranes: Lipid-Binding Domains in Plants.

Membranes are essential for cells and organelles to function. As membranes are impermeable to most polar and charged molecules, they provide electrochemical energy to transport molecules across and create compartmentalized micro-environments for specific enzymatic and cellular processes. Membranes are also responsible for guided transport of cargoes between organelles and during endo- and exocytosis. In addition, membranes play key roles in cell signaling by hosting receptors and signal transducers, and as substrates and products of lipid second messengers. Anionic lipids and their specific interaction with target proteins play an essential role in these processes, which are facilitated by specific lipid binding domains (LBDs). Protein crystallography, lipid-binding studies, subcellular localization analyses, and computer modelling have greatly advanced our knowledge over the years of how these domains achieve precision binding and what their function is in signaling and membrane trafficking, as well as in plant development and stress acclimation.
OsYUC11-mediated auxin biosynthesis is essential for endosperm development of rice.

Auxin is a phytohormone essential for plant development. However, our understanding of auxin-regulated endosperm development remains limited. Here, we described rice YUCCA (YUC) flavin-containing monooxygenase encoding gene OsYUC11 as a key contributor to auxin biosynthesis in rice (Oryza sativa) endosperm. Grain filling or storage product accumulation was halted by mutation of OsYUC11, but the deficiencies could be recovered by exogenous application of auxin. A rice transcription factor (TF) yeast library was screened, and 41 TFs that potentially bind to the OsYUC11 promoter were identified, of which OsNF-YB1, a member of the nuclear factor Y family, is predominantly expressed in the endosperm. Both osyuc11 and osnf-yb1 mutants exhibited reduced seed size and increased chalkiness, accompanied by a reduction in indole-3-acetic acid biosynthesis. OsNF-YB1 can bind the OsYUC11 promoter to induce gene expression in vivo. We also found that OsYUC11 was a dynamically imprinted gene that predominantly expressed the paternal allele in the endosperm up to 10 days after fertilization (DAF) but then became a non-imprinted gene at 15 DAF. A functional maternal allele of OsYUC11 was able to recover the paternal defects of this gene. Overall, the findings indicate that OsYUC11-mediated auxin biosynthesis is essential for endosperm development in rice.
Veterans’ Reported Comfort in Disclosing Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity

Background: The Veterans Health Administration (VHA) does not routinely collect and document sexual orientation and gender identity (SOGI) data despite research on health disparities among sexual and gender minority (SGM) veterans. Due to the legacy of previous Department of Defense policies that prohibited disclosure of sexual or gender minority identities among active-duty personnel, minority veterans may be reluctant to respond to SOGI questions on confidential VHA surveys and in discussions with their VHA providers. Veterans may generally find SOGI questions uncomfortable and may not appreciate their relevance to health care. Objective: The purpose of this research was to examine veterans’ comfort in reporting identity characteristics on confidential VHA surveys and in discussion with their VHA providers and whether comfort differed by sociodemographic characteristics. Research Design: The project involves the secondary analysis of quantitative data from a quality improvement survey project. Subjects: A total of 806 veterans were surveyed. Results: Overall, 7.15% endorsed sexual or gender minority identity which is a higher rate than the 4.5% noted in the general US population. Cisgender and heterosexual veterans were more comfortable reporting identity characteristics both on VHA confidential surveys and in discussion with VHA providers compared with SGM veterans. Conclusions: These data suggest that the majority of veterans feel comfortable reporting their identities both on surveys and in the context of health care. Understanding these perceptions can assist VHA programs in implementing SOGI data collection and disclosure in clinical care, creating a welcoming environment of care for SGM veterans that does not make veterans from other backgrounds feel uncomfortable.
Relationship between Occupational Identity Post-Stroke and Outcomes of a Self-Management Participation-Focused Intervention: A Preliminary Investigation

Abstract Self-management programs are used to assist stroke survivors to manage their condition and participation. This study was designed to examine correlations between occupational identity and outcomes of participation-focused self-management program using the Occupational Performance History Interview for the occupational identity and participation and self-efficacy as outcome measures. Spearman’s rho correlations were calculated between occupational Identity and the program’s outcomes. Results showed moderate significant positive correlations with self-efficacy for self-management and self-efficacy for participation scales at baseline; few were found at post-intervention and follow-up. Non-significant correlations were found between occupational identity and the change in outcome measures from baseline to post-intervention and to follow-up. Findings suggest occupational identity is strongly related to self-efficacy after stroke, and less related to intervention outcomes. However, other factors may possibly affect the effectiveness of self-management programs for a stroke population. Exploration of these factors might help develop programs better tailored to each stroke survivor.
Temporal profile of the pro- and anti-inflammatory responses to severe hemorrhage in patients with venous thromboembolism: Findings from the PROPPR trial

Supplemental digital content is available in the text. BACKGROUND The Pragmatic Randomized Optimal Platelet and Plasma Ratios (PROPPR) trial showed that 15% of patients developed venous thromboembolism (VTE) following hemorrhage, but the mechanisms are unknown. Since inflammation is associated with hypercoagulability and thrombosis, our goal was to compare the temporal inflammatory profile following hemorrhagic shock in patients with and without VTE. STUDY DESIGN Secondary analysis was performed on data collected from PROPPR. Blood samples collected at 0 hour, 2 hours, 4 hours, 6 hours, 12 hours, 24 hours, 48 hours, and 72 hours following admission were assayed on a 27-target cytokine panel, and compared between VTE (n = 83) and non-VTE (n = 475) patients. p < 0.05 indicated significance. RESULTS Over time, both groups exhibited elevations in proinflammatory mediators interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, IL-10, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor 57, monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 and macrophage inflammatory protein 1β, and anti-inflammatory mediators IL-1ra and IL-10 (p < 0.05 vs. admission). Venous thromboembolism patients showed amplified responses for IL-6 (6–72 hours) and IL-8 (6–24 hours), which peaked at later time points, and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor 57 (12–24 hours), monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (6–72 hours), and macrophage inflammatory protein-1 β (2–12 hours) (p < 0.05 vs. non-VTE per time point) that peaked at similar time points to non-VTE patients. The anti-inflammatory responses were similar between groups, but the interleukin-mediated proinflammatory responses continued to rise after the peak anti-inflammatory response in the VTE group. The occurrence rate of adverse events was higher in VTE (97%) versus non-VTE (87%, p = 0.009) and was associated with higher inflammation. CONCLUSION Patients with VTE following hemorrhagic shock exhibited a prolonged and amplified proinflammatory responses mediated by select interleukin, chemotactic, and glycoprotein cytokines that are not antagonized by anti-inflammatory mediators. This response is not related to randomization group, injury severity or degree of shock, but may be linked to adverse events. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Prognostic, level III