Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Methodology of Condition Monitoring System Utilizing Supervised and Semi-Supervised Learning in Railway

In this paper, research was conducted on anomaly detection of wheel flats. In the railway sector, conducting tests with actual railway vehicles is challenging due to safety concerns for passengers and maintenance issues as it is a public industry. Therefore, dynamics software was utilized. Next, STFT (short-time Fourier transform) was performed to create spectrogram images. In the case of railway vehicles, control, monitoring, and communication are performed through TCMS, but complex analysis and data processing are difficult because there are no devices such as GPUs. Furthermore, there are memory limitations. Therefore, in this paper, the relatively lightweight models LeNet-5, ResNet-20, and MobileNet-V3 were selected for deep learning experiments. At this time, the LeNet-5 and MobileNet-V3 models were modified from the basic architecture. Since railway vehicles are given preventive maintenance, it is difficult to obtain fault data. Therefore, semi-supervised learning was also performed. At this time, the Deep One Class Classification paper was referenced. The evaluation results indicated that the modified LeNet-5 and MobileNet-V3 models achieved approximately 97% and 96% accuracy, respectively. At this point, the LeNet-5 model showed a training time of 12 min faster than the MobileNet-V3 model. In addition, the semi-supervised learning results showed a significant outcome of approximately 94% accuracy when considering the railway maintenance environment. In conclusion, considering the railway vehicle maintenance environment and device specifications, it was inferred that the relatively simple and lightweight LeNet-5 model can be effectively utilized while using small images.
Modeling methodology for the transformer-rectifier flux pump considering electromagnetic and thermal coupling

High-temperature superconducting (HTS) magnets are promising in the application of high-intensity magnetic field. HTS flux pumps are devices that can charge closed HTS magnets without direct electrical contact. Simulation is an effective way to clarify the physical mechanism and provide further insight into the design of the device. In this work, we propose an accurate and efficient modeling methodology to simulate the transformer-rectifier HTS flux pump, which has considered electromagnetic and thermal coupling. The validity of the model has been verified by experimental results and theoretical calculations. The working characteristics of the HTS flux pump are investigated based on the proposed model, including DC bias component in the charging loop, the voltage recovery delay of the dynamic bridge and the temperature distribution in the dynamic bridge. The simulation results clearly depict working details of the device, in terms of electricity, magnetism and heat. The proposed model can serve as a powerful tool to design the HTS flux pump in practical applications.
Temporal Analysis of Fatality Risk, Economic Growth and Motorization in Africa

Over the last decades, researchers have been carrying out long-term trend analysis on road fatalities, concluding that trends during early economic growth periods reveal an increase in fatalities per population. After varying periods, countries start to be able to invest in safety measures, leading to a decrease in fatality rates. This paper examines the applicability of this theory in countries. In the first instance, road fatality trends in Africa were reviewed, after which the economic trends were added. Detailed analyses of selected African countries confirmed the threshold theory and revealed that African nations follow the wide range of thresholds found in other countries. However, the wide thresholds make it difficult to predict the threshold value for African countries. The paper suggested the need to implement comprehensive and elaborate road safety measures ranging from engineering, education to enforcement.
Breast Cancer and Fertility Preservation in Young Female Patients: A Systematic Review of the Literature

Introduction: Breast cancer affects almost 1.5 million women worldwide below the age of 45 years each year. Many of these women will be advised to undergo adjuvant chemotherapy to minimize the risk of death or recurrence of the tumor. For these patients, chemotherapy is a known cause of infertility, as it can damage primordial follicles, which can lead to early menopause or premature ovarian insufficiency. This systematic review aims to synthesize the current evidence of the most suitable treatments for fertility preservation. Methodology: This review was performed following the PRISMA guidelines. The authors conducted an extensive search from the last 15 years. Relevant studies were pursued in PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library up until 31 July 2023. A total of seven eligible studies were identified. Results: From the reviewed literature, ovarian suppression with gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists showed promising results in preserving fertility for breast cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy. Additionally, oocyte and embryo cryopreservation demonstrated successful outcomes, with embryo cryopreservation being the most effective option. Notably, the slow-freezing and vitrification methods were both effective in preserving embryos, with vitrification showing superior results in clinical-assisted reproductive technologies. Ovarian tissue cryopreservation emerged as a viable option for prepubertal girls and those unable to undergo conventional ovarian stimulation. The potential of in vitro maturation (IVM) as an alternative method presents a promising avenue for future fertility preservation research. Discussion: The most suitable treatments for fertility preservation in young patients is the temporary suppression with luteinizing hormone-releasing analogs, while the patient undergoes chemotherapy and cryopreservation. For cryopreservation, the physicians might deem it necessary to either cryopreserve ovarian tissue taken from the patient before any treatment or cryopreserve embryos/oocytes. Cryopreservation of oocytes and/or embryos is the most effective solution for fertility preservation in women of reproductive age, who have a sufficient ovarian reserve and are diagnosed with breast cancer, regardless of the histological type of the tumor. Because approximately 50% of young breast cancer patients are interested in becoming pregnant right after completion of therapy, the evolution and development of fertility preservation techniques promise to be very exciting.
A reinvestigation of the stock price reactions to announcements of Black top executive appointments

We investigate the stock market reactions to the announcements of Black CEO and top management team (TMT) appointments in light of two conflicting studies that advance competing and opposite theories. In 2021, Gligor and colleagues theorized that reactions will be negative due to racial stereotyping, and found negative mean stock price reactions for both Black CEOs and TMTs. Conversely, in 2023, Jeong and colleagues theorized that the stock market will respond positively to the appointment of Black CEOs, because these CEOs have to meet a “higher bar” to be appointed. They reported a positive mean reaction to such appointments. In our quasi-replication of these two prior studies, we find a reliably positive mean reaction for Black CEOs but an immaterial median reaction, and no marginal stock price impact to the announcement of the appointment of a Black CEO and TMT executives after controlling for explanatory factors that go outside the racial bias and higher bar theories. In light of the fragility and lack of robustness in these results, we recommend that future research in the area of Black top executives and the stock market be cautious when presenting and interpreting results.
Technical Reserves Audit Challenges and Opportunities with the Emergence of ERP: Investigating Egyptian Auditors Perceptions

This study examines the perceptions of external auditors operating in Egypt regarding technical reserves audit challenges and opportunities with the emergence of Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP). All audit firms that are specialized in reviewing insurance companies’ financial statements and are working in Egypt were surveyed to ascertain if there is a notable discrepancy in auditors' perceptions of challenges and opportunities of technical reserves audit with the emergence of ERP. The final sample consists of 126 auditors who work in Big 4 auditing firms, and non-Big 4 auditing firms. Through hypotheses testing the main findings reveal that the auditors' perceptions differ significantly from one another regarding challenges and risks encountering them in auditing the general insurance companies and the impact of ERP systems on the producers they carry out. In addition, the abovementioned perception differences were explained thr ough engaging in auditors’ psychological counterpart (i.e., Gender, educational level, audit firm size and experience in auditing insurance companies) throughout the analysis. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study to investigate the auditors’ perception regarding the technical reserve audit while using an ERP in emerging markets. Hence, the current study touches a blind spot in literature as the current investigation and results bring new evidence regarding technical reserve audit which enrich the ongoing debate on technical reserves audit and the challenges and opportunities related to the increased use of software packages like the ERP.
Late Proterozoic crustal evolution of the Midyan region, northwestern Saudi Arabia

Three volcano-sedimentary sequences and related intrusive suites, ranging in age from pre-700 Ma to about 570 Ma, are recorded in the Midyan region of northwestern Saudi Arabia. Crustal history involved island-arc accretion and compressional tectonics up to about 625 Ma and extensional tectonics and rifting after that date. Possible correlatives of the Midyan stratigraphy, as well as ophiolitic rocks of a probable suture zone, may exist in southeastern Sinai, although doubt exists because of the conflicting views of workers in that area.
Hard Rock Spectral Models for Intermediate-Depth Vrancea, Romania, Earthquakes

The frequency-dependent amplification for rock sites, as well as apparent source spectra, were studied using an earthquake ground-motion database collected in Romania. Almost all events occurred in the Vrancea focal zone (Southeast Carpathians), which is characterized by a high rate of occurrence of large earthquakes in a narrow focal volume. The seismic activity ranges within an almost vertical stripe in depths between 60 and 170 km. The database used includes several hundred records from more than 100 small magnitude ( M W 3.5–5.3) earthquakes that occurred in 1996–2004 and six acceleration records obtained during four large ( M W 7.2, 6.9, 6.3, and 6.0) earthquakes. The characteristics of amplification were evaluated using the well-known technique of horizontal-to-vertical (H/V) Fourier spectral ratio of the S -wave phase (Lermo and Chavez-Garcia, 1993). The apparent source spectra were obtained from horizontal components using site (H/V), propagation path (geometric spreading and anelastic attenuation), and near-surface attenuation (kappa-factor) corrections. Seismic radiation (within the frequency range from 0.2–0.3 to 15–20 Hz) during the earthquakes of various magnitudes in the Vrancea zone may be described by an omega-square single-corner-frequency spectral model ( ω 2 Brune spectrum). The stress parameter Δ σ , which controls high-frequency spectral amplitudes, increases with magnitude from 20–30 bars for M W ≤3.5 up to 200–250 bars for M W 4.8–5.3, and up to 1000 bars for the case of large ( M W >6.0–6.5) events. Empirical amplification (H/V) for rock sites, showing stability for particular locations, reveal high variability from station to station, which together with variations of values of kappa, reflects influence of local geologic and geomorphologic factors.
The social contagious effects of violent video game play: retaliatory, displaced, and the mere observation of aggression

ABSTRACT Aggression and violence have been shown to spread among connected individuals. The present experimental study aims to test whether exposure to violent video games increases aggression levels in players and whether this increased aggression spreads among their social network. Results showed that aggression after video game play is indeed contagious and that not only victims of the player’s aggression retaliate or are aggressive toward a neutral person (i.e., displaced aggression), but that even mere observers of the player’s aggression are aggressive toward a neutral person. Overall, our findings suggest that violent video game exposure may not only have an impact on the player’s level of aggression, but also on people who are connected to the player.
Service elements influencing the emotions of visitors to an international airport

Emotions constitute a crucial element in understanding a service experience. When a service experience is evaluated by airport visitors, their evaluation is influenced by their emotional reactions. Furthermore, since emotions represent a primary source of human motivation, positive emotions are likely to lead to positive responses, increased satisfaction and favourable behaviour. These introductory statements give rise to the aim of this article, which is to explore those service elements influencing visitors‟ emotions and, consequently, also their experiences at an international airport. In order to achieve the aim, a questionnaire survey (N=490) was conducted at an international airport in South Africa after which a factor analysis was performed to identify the primary elements of the airport service environment that influence the emotions of visitors. Structural equation modelling was then employed to test the significance of the relationship between the service elements and the emotions of visitors. Five distinct service elements were identified, namely Physical comfort, Amenities, Visitor facilities, Passenger services and Accessibility. These elements further showed significant correlations with the emotions of visitors. This research was the first of its kind conducted at an international airport in South Africa and contributes significantly to management practices regarding specific elements of an international airport environment, i.e. the emotions, experiences and behaviour of international airport visitors.
Out of Africa I: The First Hominin Colonization of Eurasia

”For over two-thirds of our evolutionary history, from our divergence from chimpanzees more than 6 million years ago, until as recently as 2 million years ago, hominins were an endemic African group. Sometime near the beginning of the Pleistocene, just under 2 million years ago, this all changed, and archeological and paleontological evidence of early hominins appears in many parts of Eurasia. The papers in this volume address the many facets of the first hominin range expansion from Africa into Eurasia”
Teaching for Sustainability in a Social Studies Methods Course: Opportunities and Challenges

The teaching of environmental sustainability was explored in five sections of an elementary social studies methods course with pre-service teachers. Using surveys and structured discussions, we identified pre-service teachers’ beliefs about environmental sustainability in response to prior experiences, course readings, films, guest lecture, and group activities (e.g., simulations). Findings suggest the subjects’ knowledge of environmental sustainability increased as a result of the course. They believed environmental sustainability is a significant global issue meriting attention in the elementary classroom; however, they felt ill prepared to teach sustainability issues to young children in developmentally appropriate ways. Finally, pre-service teachers expressed caring about improving their own consumer behaviors and sought concrete solutions from others in order to do so. Implications for elementary social studies education are discussed.
Influence of Climatic Conditions on Accumulation of α-acids in Hop Clones

Summary Th e infl uence of climatic conditions on accumulation of α-acids was determined during the six years (2001 – 2006) of stationary experiment in hop cultivar Aurora. Th e research results show that increasing sum of eff ective temperatures during the technological maturity stay in negative correlation with accumulation of α-acids in hop cones (r = - 0.39*), whereas total rainfalls stays in positive one (r = 0.46*) At the same time sum of hours of sun shining stay in not signifi cant negative correlation with the accumulation of α-acids (r = - 0.38). Th e results of factorial analysis show signifi cant positive multiple correlation between sum of eff ective temperatures and total rainfalls with α-acids accumulation (multiple r = 0.6232**) and at the same time show a signifi cant positive multiple correlation between total rainfalls and sunshine hours with α-acids accumulation (multiple r = 0.5492*). However, there was a very strong negative infl uence of reference crop evapotranspiration during the phenological phase of hop cones formation on yield of hop cones and of α-acids (r s = - 0.75* and – 0.88*, respectively).
Interactice comment on "An estimate of global glacier volume" by A. Grinsted

second sentence reads: ‘I calibrate scaling laws against volume observations of optimized towards the purpose of estimating the total global ice volume‘. Perhaps ‘glaciers’ should be inserted after ‘of’. Page 3650 line 12: ‘GLIMS where. ’ Delete ‘where’ Page 3650 line 13: replace ‘does contain’ should be ‘do contain’. Page 3650 line 18: replace ‘determined ERA40’ by ‘determined from ERA40’. Page 3650 line 19: other authors have used the annual range (from warmest to coldest month) to express “continentality” Page 3650/3651: delete ‘This has been. ’ and start the sentence with ‘The only practical. ’ Page 3651 line 27: ‘weighing’ should be ‘weighting’. Page 3652 line 7: ‘. that is. ’ should be ‘. that it is. ’ Page 3653 line 8: I am not sure I know what ‘. imputation models’ means. Page 3653 line 19: You give the range 0.30 to 0.39 m SLE but Table 3 gives 0.27 to
Development and Uncertainty Quantification of Hurricane Surge Response Functions and Sea-Level Rise Adjustments for Coastal Bays

Reliable and robust methods of extreme value based hurricane surge prediction, such as the Joint Probability Method (JPM), are critical in the coastal engineering profession. The JPM has become the preferred surge hazard assessment method in the United States; however, it has a high computational cost: one location can require hundreds of simulated storms, and more than ten thousand computational hours to complete. Optimal sampling methods that use physics based surge response functions (SRFs), can reduce the required number of simulations. This study extends the development of SRFs to bay interior locations at Panama City, Florida. Mean SRF root-mean-square (RMS) errors for open coast and bay interior locations were 0.34 m and 0.37 m, respectively; comparable to expected ADCIRC model errors (~0.3 m—0.5 m). Average uncertainty increases from open coast and bay SRFs were 10% and 12%, respectively. Long-term climate trends, such as rising sea levels, introduce nonstationarity into the simulated and historical surge datasets. A common approach to estimating total flood elevations is to take the sum of projected sea-level rise (SLR) and present day surge (static approach); however, this does not account for dynamic SLR effects on surge generation. This study demonstrates that SLR has a significant dynamic effect on surge in the Panama City area, and that total flood elevations, with respect to changes in SLR, are poorly characterized as static increases. A simple adjustment relating total flood elevation to present day conditions is proposed. Uncertainty contributions from these SLR adjustments are shown to be reasonable for surge hazard assessments.
Scalable Electrophysiology of Millimeter-Scale Animals with Electrode Devices

Millimeter-scale animals such as Caenorhabditis elegans, Drosophila larvae, zebrafish, and bees serve as powerful model organisms in the fields of neurobiology and neuroethology. Various methods exist for recording large-scale electrophysiological signals from these animals. Existing approaches often lack, however, real-time, uninterrupted investigations due to their rigid constructs, geometric constraints, and mechanical mismatch in integration with soft organisms. The recent research establishes the foundations for 3-dimensional flexible bioelectronic interfaces that incorporate microfabricated components and nanoelectronic function with adjustable mechanical properties and multidimensional variability, offering unique capabilities for chronic, stable interrogation and stimulation of millimeter-scale animals and miniature tissue constructs. This review summarizes the most advanced technologies for electrophysiological studies, based on methods of 3-dimensional flexible bioelectronics. A concluding section addresses the challenges of these devices in achieving freestanding, robust, and multifunctional biointerfaces.
The IASPEI procedure for the evaluation of earthquake precursors

SUMMARY Full scientific evaluation of proposed earthquake precursors for earthquake prediction is a problem because independent testing is difficult or impossible. To approach this difficulty, and to assess the current state of the art of earthquake prediction research, IASPEI has devised a peer-review procedure for precursor evaluation. The procedure does not consider predictions of impending earthquakes, but evaluates case histories of proposed precursors for past events according to stated validation criteria, which are specified in terms of guidelines concerning the hypothesized physical model, data quality, anomaly definition, the rules of association of precursor with earthquake, and statistical significance. So far, five precursors have been placed on a preliminary list of significant earthquake precursors, although none has satisfied the validation criteria well enough to ensure that their placement is permanent. Exclusion of a precursor from the list does not mean it is useless, but further work is required if it is to become convincing. The main objectives in producing the list are to establish a consensus on the criteria which a precursor must satisfy to be recognized as validated, and to find case histories which satisfy these criteria. Further nominations of precursor candidates are requested for evaluation by the IASPEI procedure.