Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Effectiveness of Task-Based Language Teaching as Scaffolding in Enhancing Reading Comprehension

The aim of this paper is to study the effectiveness of task-based language teaching (TBLT) as scaffolding in improving reading comprehension skills in English as Foreign Language context. An experimental design was applied in thisstudy.Participantsofthisstudyare48universitystudentsofEnglishstudypro-gramatoneuniversityinJambiprovince.Inthisstudy,24studentswereassigned intheexperimentalgroupand24studentswereinthecontrolgroup.Theyread thesameEnglishtextsinthesamedurationoftime.Intheexperimentalgroup, studentsweregivenworksheetconsistingoftasksasscaffoldingtohelpstudents focusingtheiractivitytocomprehendmeaningofthetexts.Inthecontrolgroup studentshadnotasksasscaffolding.Theyreadtextindividuallyinaconservative way.Apretestandposttestwereadministeredtomeasurestudents’comprehen-sionbeforeandafterreadingclassesinbothofthegroups.Statisticalanalyses usingt-testwereconductedtocomparemeanscoresoftheexperimentalgroup andthecontrolgroup. TheresultrevealedthatTBLTprovidesasigniﬁcanteffectin improvingstudents’comprehensionskillinanEFLclassroom.Thissuggeststhat teachingEnglishbydoingtasksinworksheetcanbeusedeffectivelyasscaffoldingtoupholdstudents’readingskills.
Modelling of Magnetic Scaffolds for RF Hyperthermia of Deep-Seated Tumors

Deep seated tumors are neoplasms grown in challenging sites that call for innovative interventional strategies. Thanks to the development of magnetic nanocomposite biomaterials, multifunctional electromagnetic-responsive thermoseeds, called magnetic scaffolds, can be used as hyperthermia agents to control the local recurrence rate of deep-seated cancers through radiofrequency (RF) heating. To achieve an effective and high-quality treatment, the planning through multiphysics simulations is mandatory. A computational framework for solving the coupled electromagnetic and thermal phenomena ruling the RF heating of magnetic scaffolds will be presented and used to study different biomaterials, physiopathological scenarios and applications.
The Comparison of Whistle Characteristics of Bottlenose Dolphins (Tursiops Truncatus) in the Coast of Montenegro and the Eastern Mediterranean Sea of Turkey: A Preliminary Study

The most researched acoustic system belongs to bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus), however despite their wide, sophisticated, and plastic acoustic repertoire, there is still much that is unknown about them. This study intends to compare the whistle features of dolphins in the Eastern Mediterranean Sea of Turkey and the Adriatic Sea (in the coastal waters of Montenegro). The information regarding the acoustic characteristics of cetaceans in the Eastern Mediterranean and Adriatic Sea is still limited, and our preliminary study will add to that knowledge. For the analysis a total of 202 whistles from Montenegro and a total of 682 whistles from Turkey were used. A significant difference between whistle type between the two countries was found. According to a PCA test, the variables Inflection points and High frequency explained more than 80% of the variation in the data for Montenegro, for Turkey this variation was explained by the Center frequency and Delta frequency. A Rank-Manova showed significant differences on PC1 and PC2. In comparison to the Eastern Mediterranean Sea of Turkey, the coastal regions of Montenegro had a lower average for each whistle parameter, with the exception of the number of inflection points. This difference can be explained by the geographic isolation between the two regions. Efficient conservation management plans can be created by gaining a better understanding of delphinid bioacoustics, including their traits and variations in different geographic locations and under various anthropogenic pressures.
MPC-Based Faster Joint Control of Hybrid Energy Storage System

In this paper, an MPC-based faster joint control method is proposed for hybrid energy storage system (HESS), which consists of battery and supercapacitor in photovoltaic dc-microgrid. The proposed method utilizes the uncompensated power from the battery to improve the dc-link restoration and decrease overshoot. Simulations are conducted to validate the robustness and rapidity of the proposed method, and the results are compared with traditional double-loop PI controllers. The comparison results demonstrate that the new controller has higher dynamic performance and better robustness.
The Ef fect of Water Saving Irrigation and Nitrogen Fertilizer on Rice Production in Paddy Fields of Iran

Rice production in Iran needs to increase to feed a growing population whereas water for irrigation is getting scarce. There are 230000 ha paddy fields in Guilan province in north of Iran. About 73% of paddy fields irrigated by Sepeedrood dam. Shortage of water for rice production will be a problem in near future. In order to investigate the best irrigation regime and nitrogen level an experiment was conducted in split plot based on completely randomized block design with 3 replications at the rice research institute of Iran in 2008. Four levels of nitrogen (N1= 0, N2 = 90, N3 = 120 and N4 = 150 kg ha-1) w ere splited on 4 different irrigation managements (I1= con tinuous submergence (CS), I2 = 5, I3 = 8 and I4 = 11 days interval). The results clearly indicate that nitrogen levels and irrigation management in most of studied characteristics had very significant differences. Not only grain yield was statistically the same under CS and 8 days interval but also water consumption decreased 18%. Thus, concluded that water limited irrigation can lead to reduce water consumption in paddy fields and minimum 150 million m3 water of Sepeedrood dam saved annually.
GIS analysis for defining sea level rise effects on Sicily coasts for the end of the 21st century

Coastal regions around the world are experiencing the increasing threat of sea level rise (SLR) due to climate change. Predictive models are needed to identify areas at risk of flooding and plan future activities aimed at avoiding, or at least limiting, damage to the natural environment, buildings, and people. Geographic Information Systems (GISs), through the processing of georeferenced data, allow not only to map the coastal areas that may be submerged, but also to carry out calculations and analysis to support further studies and insights. This paper examines the impact of SLR on the coasts of Sicily, Italy, using a Digital Elevation Model (DEM) of the study area (resolution: 20 m x 20 m) and GIS tools. The objective is to provide medium scale maps of the potential submerged zones for the end of the 21st century (2071-2100) as resulting from SLR values supplied by the Copernicus platform and identified as the IPCC (CMIP5) RCP4.5 scenario. The bathtub method available in literature is carried out using Quantum GIS (QGIS) software version 3.28. Attention is also focused on the limits and advantages of the adopted approach. The experiments demonstrate on the one hand the versatility of the GIS tools that allow the implementation of the bathtub method, on the other the seriousness of the SLR, given the considerable extension of the areas at risk of submersion as resulting from the maps produced for Sicily coasts.
Tsunami backwash deposits with Chicxulub impact ejecta and dinosaur remains from the Cretaceous–Palaeogene boundary in the La Popa Basin, Mexico

The La Popa Basin in north‐eastern Mexico features outstanding, continuous three‐dimensional exposures of the Cretaceous–Palaeogene boundary event deposit in shallow shelf environments pierced by salt stocks. In the area to the south‐east of the El Papalote diapir, the Cretaceous–Palaeogene deposit consists of two superimposed sedimentary units and erosively overlies upper Maastrichtian sand‐siltstones with soft‐sediment deformation and liquefaction structures. The basal unit 1 is an up to 8 m thick chaotic, carbonate‐rich bed that discontinuously fills incised gutters and channels. Besides abundant silicic and carbonate ejecta spherules from the Chicxulub impact, unit 1 includes large sandstone boulders and abundant shallow‐water debris (for example, mud clasts, algae, bivalve shells, gastropod shells and vertebrate remains). Unit 1 is conformably overlain by unit 2. Distal to the diapir, unit 2 consists of a centimetre to decimetre‐thick conglomeratic, coarse bioclast and spherule‐bearing sandstone bed. Closer to the diapir, unit 2 becomes a metre‐thick series of four to eight conglomeratic to fine‐grained graded sandstone beds rich in shell debris and ejecta spherules. Unit 2 is conformably overlain by structureless to parallel laminated sandstone beds that may mark the return to the pre‐event depositional regime. The sedimentary characteristics of the Cretaceous–Palaeogene deposit, including its erosive base, its sheet‐like geometry, the presence of multiple, graded beds, evidence for upper flow regime conditions and the absence of bioturbation, support an origin by a short‐term multiphase depositional event. The occurrence of soft‐sediment deformation structures (for example, liquefaction) below the Cretaceous–Palaeogene deposit suggests that earthquakes were the first to occur at La Popa. Then, shelf collapse and strong backflow from the first tsunami waves may have triggered erosion and deposition by violent ejecta‐rich hyperconcentrated density flows (unit 1). Subsequently, a series of concentrated density flows resulting from tsunami backwash surges may have deposited the multiple‐graded bedding structures of unit 2. The specific depositional sequence and the Fe‐Mg‐rich as well as Si‐K‐rich composition of the ejecta spherules both provide a critical link to the well‐known deep marine Cretaceous–Palaeogene boundary sites in the adjacent Burgos basin in north‐eastern Mexico. Moreover, the pulse‐like input of Chicxulub ejecta material at the base of the event deposit allows for correlation with other Cretaceous–Palaeogene boundary sites in the Gulf of Mexico and the Atlantic, as well as in Central and Northern America. The presence of diverse dinosaur and mosasur bones and teeth in the event deposit is the first observation of such remains together with Chicxulub ejecta material. These findings indicate that dinosaurs lived in the area during the latest Maastrichtian and suggest that the tsunami waves not only eroded deltas and estuaries but the coastal plain as well.
Self-Regulated Switched Capacitor Multilevel Inverter for Maritime Electrification

Marine electrification offers an excellent solution towards curbing the emission of greenhouse gases. This work proposes a single-phase self-regulated switched capacitor multilevel (SCML) voltage source inverter (VSI) for maritime electrification. The proposed SCML-VSI utilizes 18 power electronic switches (PESs), 4 capacitors and 2 DC voltage sources for generating a 49-Level output voltage. The proposed SCML-VSI topology requires only 10 driver circuits as 16 PESs operate in complementary fashion. The Nearest level control strategy is utilized for the generation of switching pulses. The proposed 49-Level SCML-VSI can be extended for a higher number of output voltage levels through cascading of ternary units. Performance of the proposed SCML-VSI is realized through simulation studies using MATLAB® Simulink platform under different operating conditions.
Evaluation of a Loss-Sensitive Autoencoder - A Deep Learning Model for Malicious Network Traffic Detection

This paper evaluates a deep learning model, an autoencoder, for detecting malicious activity by identifying the loss produced by various types of malicious network traffic. The evaluation was conducted using four types of malicious network traffic: DDoS, Infiltration, Web application attack, and Port Scan. The proposed autoencoder model exhibited promising results and effectively distinguished between the testing benign network traffic and the malicious network traffic.
Comparative Analysis of Droop Control and VSG Control for Inverter-Based Resources

As the share of renewable energy sources increases in today's power system, inverters are requested to operate in grid-forming (GFM) mode and provide primary control of frequency and voltage in the replacement of large synchronous generators. To this end, droop and virtual synchronous generator (VSG) are the two most common methods adopted by GFM inverters. Comparing droop and VSG has always been a contentious topic, especially when regulators and power industries seek to standardize the operation of GFM inverters, and many papers have done this comparison in different perspective. This paper therefore presents a mathematical proof of the equivalence between droop and VSG controllers. Their equivalence in dynamic performance is also verified using numerical studies in different grid scenarios. We demonstrate that both droop and VSG mimic the same characteristics of a synchronous machine despite using different control parameters. Establishing that both controllers are equivalent in the physical sense, we then examine the effect of their damping towards the transient disturbances and grid stability. Numerical results provide insights for engineers when setting up GFM inverters in meshed and radial networks.
Comparison and fusion of DEM derived from SPOT-5 HRS and SRTM data and estimation of forest heights

There are several ways to produce digital elevation models (DEM) from space- borne satellite data. In this study, two techniques and their results will be compared: DEM derivation with optical stereo data acquired with the French SPOT-5 HRS instrument and DEM derived from C-band and X-band radar data acquired during the SRTM mission. A comparison of the accuracy is given for different landscapes and land use classes using reference DEM from laser scanner data and aerial photography. Both systems show advantages and disadvantages but have similar accuracy values in comparison to a reference DEM, in both cases the resulting DEM is actually a mixture of a digital surface model (DSM) and a digital terrain model (DTM) since the reflection/back scatter results from a mixture of different targets in each resolution cell. Therefore in a forest area neither the forest canopy nor the terrain height itself is modeled. Additionally a DEM fusion, utilizing height error maps for each DEM, is performed. It is shown that a fusion of the DEM derived from optical and radar data leads to higher accuracies in nearly all cases. A comparison of the space borne DEM with the reference DEM shows a higher absolute difference in forest areas than in agricultural regions. The absolute difference gives an estimation of the canopy height of the trees, although the scattering process (in the radar case) and the reflection and matching techniques (in the optical case) cause lower values than the real height of the trees. It is shown whether an estimation of the real mean tree height is possible with the additional knowledge of tree parameters like species and density. Results are compared for both DEM generation techniques to the data received from in-situ measurements.
An Initial Exploration of Improved Numerics within the Guidelines of the Negative Spalart-Allmaras Turbulence Model

A simple modiﬁcation to the negative Spalart-Allmaras turbulence model is suggested so that when the turbulence working variable, (cid:101) ν , is negative, diagonal dominance is increased, as is the tendency for the time-advancement scheme to push (cid:101) ν toward positive values. Owing to the fact that the modiﬁ-cation is only active when (cid:101) ν is less than zero, the physical model is left unchanged. Using the proposed modiﬁcation with a strong implicit solver based on Newton’s method, convergence rates can be somewhat improved, with typical reductions in iterations and computer time on the order of 15 − 50%. The beneﬁts are realized primarily when second-or higher-order accuracy is used for discretizing the convective terms in the turbulence model because of large overshoots that can occur with these schemes at the edges of boundary layers and wakes. For ﬂowﬁelds with few regions of negative (cid:101) ν , or on very ﬁne meshes where (cid:101) ν is always greater than zero, little or no beneﬁts should be expected.
Solar Energy Harvesting Node for Battery-Free Physiological Monitoring Wearable Wristband*

Capitalising on the potential benefits of digital healthcare is heavily dependent on engineering progress on wearable devices capable of continuous sensing and extraction of diverse physiological parameters, such as heart rate, blood pressure, or body temperature. Consequently, it is important for wearable devices to maintain seamless operation without the necessity for frequent battery replacement or recharging. This paper presents a battery-free flexible solar energy harvesting node designed to power low-power medical wearables, with a focus on wearability and flexibility during the design. The system includes a solar panel, a power management unit (PMU), a supercapacitor, and a wireless sensor node, and is designed to be flexible, compact, and lightweight to optimise wearability, consequently improving the potential user experience under long-term monitoring. The proposed system can harvest 0.45 mW of power under typical office lighting (500 lx) and 0.14 m W under low lux levels (200 lx). Experimental results demonstrate an 80 % efficiency for solar energy harvesting. With sufficient solar illumination at 500 lux for 3 hours per day, the proposed system can power a PPG sensor node without using a battery. By eliminating the requirement for battery replacement or recharging, this design holds the potential to substantially diminish maintenance costs associated with wearable devices, making them a more practical and cost-effective solution for long-term monitoring applications.
Source compositions of trace gases released during African savanna fires

Measurements of biomass burn-produced trace gases were made using low-altitude helicopter penetrations of smoke plumes above burning African savanna during the Southern African Fire-Atmosphere Research Initiative (SAFARI-92). Smoke from two large prescribed fires conducted in the Kruger National Park, South Africa, on September 18 and 24, 1992, was sampled at altitudes ranging from 20 to 100 m above ground level during flaming and smoldering phases of combustion. Carbon dioxide (CO2) normalized emission ratios (dX/dCO2 (vol/vol), where X denotes a trace gas) for carbon monoxide (CO), hydrogen (H2), methane (CH4), total nonmethane hydrocarbons (TNMHC), and nitrous oxide (N2O) were determined. The emission ratios were used in conjunction with fuel consumption estimates to calculate emission factors (grams of product per gram of fuel) for these gases. Emission factors for CO2, CO, CH4, and N2O of 1.61, 0.055, 0.003, and 1.6 × 10−4 g/g fuel, respectively, were determined. The fires advanced rapidly through the savanna (primarily grass) fuels with minimal amounts of smoldering combustion. The relatively low emission ratios determined for these fires indicated excellent combustion efficiency. About 93% of the carbon released into the atmosphere as a result of these fires was in the form of CO2.
Effective Identification of Nitrogen Fertilizer Demand for Paddy Cultivation Using UAVs

This paper presents a machine learning based, cost effective approach to accurately identify the Nitrogen fertilizer demand in paddy fields based on the leaf color. A smart mobile phone mounted on a UAV (Unmanned Aerial Vehicle) was used to capture aerial images of different areas in paddy fields. The proposed approach was used to decide the Nitrogen fertilizer demand for each captured region based on the overall color level identified for the corresponding image, with the help of the color levels and the fertilizer recommendations specified in LCC (Leaf Color Chart). Evaluation results reveal an overall accuracy of 86.5% for the predictions of LCC color levels. Average time taken to predict a single instance was 6.64 seconds.
Forward Bias Gate Leakage Mechanism in δ-doped β-(AlxGa1-x)2O3/Ga2O3 HFET

The forward bias gate leakage mechanisms in δ-doped β-(AlxGa1-x)2O3/Ga2O3 Heterostructure Field Effect Transistor has been studied using analytical model. At higher gate voltage, when the device is turned on, the gate leakage current is prominently driven by the thermionic emission phenomenon. However, at lower gate voltage, when the device is in off state, the gate leakage is driven by the trap-assisted tunneling phenomenon. The gate leakage current model is then validated with the experimental data. The study of gate leakage mechanism is essential to ascertain the device parameter in order to minimize the gate leakage current.
Upper Cretaceous–Paleocene magnetic stratigraphy at Gubbio, Italy V. Type section for the Late Cretaceous-Paleocene geomagnetic reversal time scale

A biostratigraphically complete and well-exposed sequence of Upper Cretaceous-Paleocene pelagic limestones at Gubbio, Italy, has provided a record of geomagnetic polarity reversals that closely matches the sequence inferred from marine magnetic anomalies. Abundant foraminifera permit accurate dating of the sequence. Because of these favorable circumstances, the Gubbio locality is formally proposed as the magnetostratigraphic type section for the Upper Cretaceous and Paleocene.
Virtual Voltage Vector Based Direct Torque Control of Dual Inverter Fed Asymmetrical Six-Phase Induction Motor Drives

A virtual voltage vector based direct torque control (DTC) scheme with enhanced DC bus utilization for an asymmetrical six-phase induction motor (ASPIM) with open-end stator windings is proposed in this paper. In this scheme, the voltage vectors generated by two six-phase, two-level voltage source inverters (VSI) connected to both sides of the stator windings are combined to obtain a virtual voltage (VV) space vector structure in the ASPIM. While generating the virtual voltage vectors it is ensured that the following three conditions prevails in the system: 1) elimination of resultant common mode voltage (CMV) across the stator windings, 2) elimination of triplen order harmonic voltages from the individual 3-phase windings, and 3) nullification of non-torque producing harmonic voltages. Conditions 1 and 2 facilitate the use of a common DC-link for both the VSIs without causing circulation of common mode currents through the stator windings. The third condition obliterates the large, non-torque-producing harmonic currents and consequent losses in the system. The proposed scheme can provide significantly higher DC bus utilization compared to the conventional schemes, for the same DC-link voltage. The effectiveness of the proposed scheme is verified by carrying out simulations using MATLAB-Simulink software, under transient and steady-state operating conditions of the drive.
A Compliant Robot-Assisted Mold Polishing Application Using the Franka Emika Robot

Metal mold casting for many application areas remains imperfect since this involves the control of numerous factors that affect workpiece quality. Surface roughness which remains one of the many issues related to metal mold cast is often mitigated by means of grinding and polishing. As many attempts are being made to address this challenge through robot-assisted techniques, we focus on rapid mold polishing using the Franka Emika (FE) robot and its programming resources, including a built-in impedance control architecture. To accomplish the objective, mold surface segmentation is necessary. For each segment, the polishing approach is based on surface normals, relative motion, and torque sensor data. Results were obtained with open platform communication-unified architecture (opc-ua) client and server that record torque and force data. Results show that tuning internal impedance control parameters for polishing tasks is feasible.