Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Fast Protection of H.264/AVC by Selective Encryption of CAVLC and CABAC for I and P Frames

This paper presents a novel method for the protection of bitstreams of state-of-the-art video codec H.264/AVC. The problem of selective encryption (SE) is addressed along with the compression in the entropy coding modules. H.264/AVC supports two types of entropy coding modules. Context-adaptive variable length coding (CAVLC) is supported in H.264/AVC baseline profile and context-adaptive binary arithmetic coding (CABAC) is supported in H.264/AVC main profile. SE is performed in both types of entropy coding modules of this video codec. For this purpose, in this paper the encryption step is done simultaneously with the entropy coding CAVLC or CABAC. SE is performed by using the advanced encryption standard (AES) algorithm with the cipher feedback mode on a subset of codewords/binstrings. For CAVLC, SE is performed on equal length codewords from a specific variable length coding table. In case of CABAC, it is done on equal length binstrings. In our scheme, entropy coding module serves the purpose of encryption cipher without affecting the coding efficiency of H.264/AVC by keeping exactly the same bitrate, generating completely compliant bitstream and utilizing negligible computational power. Owing to no escalation in bitrate, our encryption algorithm is better suited for real-time multimedia streaming over heterogeneous networks. It is perfect for playback on handheld devices because of negligible increase in processing power. Nine different benchmark video sequences containing different combinations of motion, texture, and objects are used for experimental evaluation of the proposed algorithm.
Fast Protection of H . 264 / AVC by Selective Encryption of CAVLC and CABAC for I & P Frames

This paper presents a novel method for the protec1 tion of bitstreams of state-of-the-art video codec H.264/AVC. The 2 problem of selective encryption (SE) is addressed along with the 3 compression in the entropy coding modules. H.264/AVC supports 4 two types of entropy coding modules. Context-adaptive variable 5 length coding (CAVLC) is supported in H.264/AVC baseline 6 profile and context-adaptive binary arithmetic coding (CABAC) 7 is supported in H.264/AVC main profile. SE is performed in both 8 types of entropy coding modules of this video codec. For this 9 purpose, in this paper the encryption step is done simultaneously 10 with the entropy coding CAVLC or CABAC. SE is performed by 11 using the advanced encryption standard (AES) algorithm with 12 the cipher feedback mode on a subset of codewords/binstrings. 13 For CAVLC, SE is performed on equal length codewords from 14 a specific variable length coding table. In case of CABAC, it is 15 done on equal length binstrings. In our scheme, entropy coding 16 module serves the purpose of encryption cipher without affecting 17 the coding efficiency of H.264/AVC by keeping exactly the same 18 bitrate, generating completely compliant bitstream and utilizing 19 negligible computational power. Owing to no escalation in bitrate, 20 our encryption algorithm is better suited for real-time multimedia 21 streaming over heterogeneous networks. It is perfect for playback 22 on handheld devices because of negligible increase in processing 23 power. Nine different benchmark video sequences containing 24 different combinations of motion, texture, and objects are used 25 for experimental evaluation of the proposed algorithm. 26
Can the Mass Balance of a Glacier be Estimated from its Equilibrium-Line Altitude?

Abstract The possibility of replacing or supplementing direct measurements of mass balance by estimates calculated from equilibrium-line altitude (ELA) measurements is investigated by statistical analyses of data from 31 glaciers. A linear relationship between mass balance and ELA in terms of two parameters, the effective balance gradient and the balanced-budget ELA, is tested. It is concluded that existing mass-balance series can be usefully extrapolated by using ELA data for additional years. However, accurate mass balance cannot be calculated for glaciers where no such measurements have been made because of the difficulties in prescribing the two model parameters with sufficient accuracy. For example, the effective balance gradient is of the order of 5 mm water/m so that errors of only a few decametres in the estimation of the balanced-budget ELA can have a great effect upon calculations of mass balance.
Investigation of Flow Field in Deep Dynamic Stall over an Oscillating
 NACA 0012 Airfoil

This paper presents the investigation on the phenomenon of a deep dynamic stall at the Reynolds number of the order of 10 over an oscillating NACA 0012 model. Wind tunnel experiments are conducted to investigate the aerodynamic characteristics of the upstroke and downstroke phase associated with the sinusoidal pitching motion of the airfoil using the technique of surface pressure measurements and Particle Image Velocimetry. The validation of the lift curve slope of upstroke and downstroke with the Prandtl’s thin airfoil theory reveals the fact of massive flow separation during the deep dynamic stall regime. Numerical simulations are performed using Reynolds averaged Navier Stokes turbulence models such as RNG K-є and SST models. The data obtained from these models have been compared with the experimental data to investigate the aerodynamic features of the deep dynamic stall regime. The comparison shows that the URANS with K-ε model is in good agreement with the experimental data within the reasonable regime.
Comparison of the Clinical Outcomes Between Nebulized and Systemic Corticosteroids in the Treatment of Acute Exacerbation of COPD in China (CONTAIN Study): A Post Hoc Analysis

Background and Objective: Although corticosteroids have been widely used in the treatment of acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD), few studies have evaluated the effectiveness of nebulized corticosteroids (NCS), systemic corticosteroids (SCS), and NCS plus SCS in the management of AECOPD in China. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of NCS, SCS, and NCS plus SCS in Chinese patients with AECOPD. Patients and Methods: This was a real-world study of AECOPD patients at 43 sites from January to September 2014. During hospitalization, patients treated with nebulized budesonide (NCS group, n=1091), SCS (SCS group, n=709), or both (NCS+SCS group, n=1846) were included. Propensity score matching (PSM) and subgroup analyses were performed. The primary outcomes were the length of hospital stay, mortality, and change in arterial blood gases from baseline. Results: Multivariable analysis showed that the three treatments at the same severity of AECOPD were not significantly different regarding intubation rates, rates of pneumonia improvement at discharge, rates of new-onset pneumonia in hospital, and mortality. Following PSM, NCS+SCS was associated with greater length of hospital stay than both NCS and SCS (in patients without respiratory failure [RF, P <0.001] and with type I RF [ P =0.022]), and more hospitalization costs than the other two treatments (in patients without RF [ P <0.001]). Conclusion: NCS is effective for patients with AECOPD, which may be an alternative treatment option. Further clinical trials are urgently needed to better understand the efficacy of NCS, SCS, and NCS+SCS in AECOPD management in China.
Characterization and Scaled-Up Production of Azido-Functionalized Silk Fiber Produced by Transgenic Silkworms with an Expanded Genetic Code

The creation of functional materials from renewable resources has attracted much interest. We previously reported on the genetic code expansion of the domesticated silkworm Bombyx mori to functionalize silk fiber with synthetic amino acids such as 4-azido-L-phenylalanine (AzPhe). The azido groups act as selective handles for biorthogonal chemical reactions. Here we report the characterization and scaled-up production of azido-functionalized silk fiber for textile, healthcare, and medical applications. To increase the productivity of azido-functionalized silk fiber, the original transgenic line was hybridized with a high silk-producing strain. The F1 hybrid produced circa 1.5 times more silk fibroin than the original transgenic line. The incorporation efficiency of AzPhe into silk fibroin was retained after hybridization. The tensile properties of the azido-functionalized silk fiber were equal to those of normal silk fiber. Scaled-up production of the azido-functionalized silk fiber was demonstrated by rearing circa 1000 transgenic silkworms. Differently-colored fluorescent silk fibers were successfully prepared by click chemistry reactions, demonstrating the utility of the azido-functionalized silk fiber for developing silk-based materials with desired functions.
High-Impact Educational Practices: What They Are, Who Has Access to Them, and Why They Matter

This publication defines a set of educational practices that research has demonstrated have a significant impact on student success. [The author] presents data from the National Survey of Student Engagement about these practices and explains why they benefit all students, but also seem to benefit underserved students even more than their more advantaged peers. The report also presents data that show definitively that underserved students are the least likely students, on average, to have access to these practices.
Knowledge, attitude and practice of personal hygiene and its predictors: A school-based study among adolescent girls in an urban slum -

Background: Personal hygiene plays a pivotal role in maintaining proper health. Adolescent girls being the future mothers are the subjects to be considered for improvement of personal hygiene and dietary habits. Objectives: The study was conducted to assess the status of knowledge, attitude, practice (KAP) of personal hygiene, dietary habits and to find out its predictors among school going adolescent girls in a slum area of Kolkata. Materials and Methods: A school-based cross-sectional study was conducted in a Government Secondary Girls’ school situated in a slum area of Kolkata. A total of 327 adolescent girls of Class V-VIII were included by complete enumeration method and interviewed with a predesigned, pretested questionnaire along with a checklist to assess KAP of personal hygiene and dietary habits after taking informed consent from their guardians. Results: The mean age of the participants was 12.17 ± 1.255 years. Regarding the knowledge of personal hygiene and dietary habits, majority or near majority had correct knowledge of proper care of hair (94.8%), covering of mouth during coughing or sneezing (43.43%), care of nails (46.79%), hand washing (66.36%), necessity of daily bathing (64.53%), and wearing clean clothes (62.39%). Most of them had proper attitude to care of hair (96.9%), covering of mouth during coughing or sneezing (59.3%), cleansing of mouth after feeding (47.4%), hand washing (90.8%), necessity of daily bathing (62.7%), and daily changing of undergarments (60.9%). However, these knowledge and attitude were not reflected in their practices. Multivariate analyses revealed religion, socioeconomic status, type of family and parental education were significant predictors of status of personal hygiene. Conclusion: Continuous health education and behavioral change communication programs are needed to lift up the proper practices of basic personal hygiene of adolescent girls to bring them up to a healthy society.
sympathetic innervation contributes to perineural invasion of salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma via the β 2-adrenergic receptor

Purpose: Perineural invasion (PNI) is reported to correlate with local recurrence and poor prognosis of salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma (SACC). However, the pathogenesis of PNI remains unclear. The aims of this study were to investigate the correlation between sympathetic innervation and SACC PNI and to elucidate how the sympathetic neurotransmitter norepinephrine (NE) regulates the PNI process. Materials and methods: Sympathetic innervation and β 2-adrenergic receptor ( β 2-AR) expression in SACC tissues were evaluated by immunohistochemistry. The NE concentrations in SACC tissues and dorsal root ganglia (DRG) coculture models were measured by ELISA. β 2-AR expression in SACC cells was detected by performing quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and immunofluorescence assay. SACC cells were treated with NE, the nonselective α -AR blocker phentolamine, the β 2-AR antagonist ICI118,551, or were transfected with β 2-AR small interfering RNA (siRNA). Proliferation was evaluated in methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium assay, and migration was evaluated in Transwell assay and wound-healing assay. PNI was tested through both Transwell assay and a DRG coculture model. The expressions of epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) were measured by performing qRT-PCR and Western blot assay. Results: Sympathetic innervation and β 2-AR were highly distributed in SACC tissues and correlated positively with PNI ( P = 0.035 and P = 0.003, respectively). The sympathetic neurotransmitter NE was overexpressed in SACC tissues and DRG coculture models. Exogenously added NE promoted proliferation, migration, and PNI of SACC cells via β 2-AR activation. NE/ β 2-AR signaling may promote proliferation, migration, and PNI by inducing EMT and upregulating MMPs. However, β 2-AR inhibition with either an antagonist or siRNA abrogated NE-induced PNI. Conclusion: Collectively, our findings reveal the supportive role of sympathetic innervation in the pathogenesis of SACC PNI and suggest β 2-AR as a potential therapeutic target for treating PNI in SACC. and deliver the sympathetic neurotransmitter NE into the tumor microenvironment. NE induces EMT of SACC cells and further promotes proliferation, migration, and Pni of sacc cells by activating β 2-ar in tumor cells. Abbreviations: β 2-ar, β 2-adrenergic receptor; eMT, epithelial–mesenchymal transition; ne, norepinephrine; Pni, perineural invasion; sacc, salivary adenoid cystic
Study of Typhlodromus pyri Scheuten and its relationship with Calepitrimerus vitis (Nalepa) in Rioja vineyards.

Depuis 1975, l'acarien eriophyde Calepitrimerus vitis (Nalepa, 1905) cause des dommages aux vignobles de La Rioja. L'acarien phytoseiide Typhlodromus pyri Scheuten, 1857, est le principal predateur du C. vitis dans les vignobles de cette region. Le present document a pour objet de correler la dynamique de la population de C. vitis et celle de T. pyri afin d'evaluer la capacite du T. pyri de combattre ce fleau. Sur deux parcelles experimentales, T. pyri a ete capable de combattre la population de C. vitis. Celle de T. pyri s'est accrue sur les parcelles ou l'on n'a pas utilise d'insecticides. Toutefois, les conditions nocives pour les acariens phytoseiides (par exemple temperature elevee et faible humidite) ont favorise les acariens eriophydes, qui ont rapidement augmente, alors que les densites des phytoseiides restaient faibles.
Computational Symmetry in Computer Vision and Computer Graphics

In the arts and sciences, as well as in our daily lives, symmetry has made a profound and lasting impact. Likewise, a computational treatment of symmetry and group theory (the ultimate mathematical formalization of symmetry) has the potential to play an important role in computational sciences. Though the term computational symmetry was formally defined a decade ago by the first author, referring to algorithmic treatment of symmetries, seeking symmetry from digital data has been attempted for over four decades. Computational symmetry on real world data turns out to be challenging enough that, after decades of effort, a fully automated symmetry–savvy system remains elusive for real world applications. The recent resurging interests in computational symmetry for computer vision and computer graphics applications have shown promising results. Recognizing the fundamental relevance and potential power that computational symmetry affords, we offer this survey to the computer vision and computer graphics communities. This survey provides a succinct summary of the relevant mathematical theory, a historic perspective of some important symmetry-related ideas, a partial yet timely report on the state of the arts symmetry detection algorithms along with its first quantitative benchmark, a diverse set of real world applications, suggestions for future directions and a comprehensive reference list.
Geology and ore deposits of the Iron River-Crystal Falls district, Iron County, Michigan

______--__--. ___ ______________ Introduction. ______________________________________ Location_ ____________________________________ Topography and drainage______________________ Climate and vegetation__________________________ Fieldwork and acknowledgments________________ Supplementary reports. _________________________ Previous, work and summary of the literature_____ Glacial geology. -_---__----_-__---______---_________ Western sector. ________________________________ Central sector. _________________________________ Eastern sector. _________________________________ Bedrock geology. ___________________________________ Nomenclature of Precambrian units. ______________ General outline of stratigraphy. __________________ Stratigraphy. __^____-__________________________ Greenstone in the Brule River area ___________ Saunders Formation ______________________ Description. ___________________________ Thickness and relations to adjacent formations. _______________________________ Baraga Group. _____________________________ Hemlock Formation___________________ Greenstone in the Hemlock FormationBird Iron-Bearing Member. _________ Thickness and relations to adjacent formations. ______________________ Amasa Formation. ____________________ Description_______________________ Thickness and relations to adjacent formations. ______________________ Michigamme Slate. _____________________ General aspects___________________ Uppermost part of the formation. Lower and middle parts of the formation. ___________________________ Thickness and relations to adjacent formations. ______________________ Badwater Greenstone__________________ General aspects of the greenstone masses. _________________________ North belt. ___________________ South belt. ___________________ East belt. __. _. _____________ Other occurrences of greenstone. The greenstones as possible spilites____ Stratigraphic relations. ______________ Conditions of deposition of the Baraga Group_____________________________ Paint River Group. ________________________ Dunn Creek Slate____________________ Lower part of the Dunn Creek Slate in the Crystal Falls area. _--___--_-_Gray sericitic slate and siltstone__--_Wauseca Pyritic Member. ___________ Page 1 2 2 4 4 5 5 6 9 10 12 12 13 13 13 16 18 18 19
A school’s experience of the attempted implementation of an assisted road crossing initiative: A case study

i ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ii TABLE OF CONTENTS iii LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS vii LIST OF FIGURES viii LIST OF APPENDICES ix CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1 Purpose of the research 2 Significance of the research 3 Reflexive summary 4 CHAPTER TWO THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK 5 Neoliberalism 5 The neoliberal education setting 6 The theoretical framework 8 Educational and civic policy 9 New Zealand Curriculum 10 Legal obligations 12 Civic policies 15 School self-management 15 Partnerships 18 Inter-organisational partnerships 18 Principal and board of trustees relationship 22 The school’s relationship with parents 23 Individual responsibility 24 Overall responsibility for the adult-assisted road crossing 24 Daily operation of the adult-assisted road crossing 25
Development and use of sulodexide in vascular diseases: implications for treatment

: Sulodexide (SDX), a sulfated polysaccharide complex extracted from porcine intestinal mucosa, is a blend of two glycosaminoglycan (GAG) entities, namely a fast-moving heparin (HP) fraction and a dermatan sulfate (DS; 20%) component. The compound is unique among HP-like substances in that it is biologically active by both the parenteral and oral routes. A main feature of the agent is to undergo extensive absorption by the vascular endothelium. For this reason, in preclinical studies, SDX administered parenterally displays an antithrombotic action similar to that of HPs but associated with fewer alterations of the blood clotting mechanisms and tests, thus being much less conducive to bleeding risk than HPs. When given orally, SDX is associated with minimal changes in classic coagulation tests, but maintains a number of important effects on the structure and function of endothelial cells (EC), and the intercellular matrix. These activities include prevention or restoration of the integrity and permeability of EC, counteraction versus chemical, toxic or metabolic EC injury, regulation of EC–blood cell interactions, inhibition of microvascular inflammatory and proliferative changes, and other similar effects, thus allowing oral SDX to be considered as an endothelial-protecting agent. The best available clinical evidence of the efficacy of SDX administered orally with or without an initial parenteral phase is the following: alleviation of symptoms in chronic venous disease and especially acceleration of healing of venous leg ulcers; prevention of cardiovascular events in survivors after acute myocardial infarction; marked improvement of intermittent claudication in patients with peripheral occlusive arterial disease; and abatement of proteinuria in patients with diabetic nephropathy that may contribute to the amelioration or stabilization of kidney function. Although further clinical trials are warranted, SDX is presently widely accepted in many countries as an effective and safe long-term, endothelial-protecting drug.
New data on the mammalian systematics and biostratigraphy of the middle Miocene from Húmera (Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid)

ABSTRACT Thanks to the new micromammal fossil material obtained during the 2010 and 2011 field campaigns from the palaeontological site at Humera (Madrid Basin, central Spain), we have been able to revise the taxonomic arrangement and increase the number of micromammal taxa recorded and described by Menendez Gamella et al. (2010). During the last campaigns 182 identifiable remains were recovered, in various states of preservation, belonging to 10 different species of micromammals: Megacricetodon collongensis-gersii , Democricetodon larteti , Armantomys tricristatus , Microdyromys aff. monspeliensis , Microdyromys koenigswaldi , Heteroxerus rubricati , Heteroxerus grivensis , Heteroxerus sp . , Lagopsis sp . and Galerix sp . This fossil association is correlated with biozone E (MN5), and provides new information in relation to the end of the Middle Aragonian from the Madrid basin. Keywords: Megacricetodon collongensis-gersii , Democricetodon larteti , biostratigraphy, micromammal, Middle Aragonian.