Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Outﬂows and complex stellar kinematics in SDSS star-forming galaxies

We investigate the properties of star-formation-driven outﬂows by using a large spectroscopic sample of ∼ 160 000 local “normal” star-forming galaxies drawn from the Sloan digital sky survey (SDSS), spanning a wide range of star formation rates (SFRs) and stellar masses ( M ∗ ). The galaxy sample is divided into a ﬁne grid of bins in the M ∗ − SFR parameter space, for each of which we produced a composite spectrum by stacking the SDSS spectra of the galaxies contained in that bin together. We exploited the high signal-to-noise of the stacked spectra to study the emergence of faint features of optical emission lines that may trace galactic outﬂows and are otherwise too faint to detect in individual galaxy spectra. We have adopted a novel approach that relies on the comparison between the line-of-sight velocity distribution (LoSVD) of the ionised gas (as traced by the [OIII] λ 5007 and H α + [NII] λλ 6548, 6583 emission lines) and the LoSVD of the stars, which are used as a reference for tracing virial motions. Signiﬁcant deviations in the gas kinematics from the stellar kinematics in the high-velocity tail of the LoSVDs are interpreted as a signature of outﬂows. Our results suggest that the incidence of ionised outﬂows increases with SFR and speciﬁc SFR. The outﬂow velocity ( v out ) is found to correlate tightly with the SFR for SFR > 1 M (cid:5) yr − 1 , whereas the dependence of v out on SFR is nearly ﬂat at lower SFRs. The outﬂow velocity appears to also increase with the stellar velocity dispersion ( σ ∗ ), although this relation has a much larger scatter than the one with SFR, and we infer velocities as high as v out ∼ (6 − 8) σ ∗ . Strikingly, we detect the signature of ionised outﬂows only in galaxies located above the main sequence (MS) of star-forming galaxies in the M ∗ − SFR diagram, and the incidence of such outﬂows increases sharply with the o ﬀ set from the MS. This result suggests that star-formation-driven outﬂows may be responsible for shaping the upper envelope of the MS by providing a self-regulating mechanism for star formation. Finally, our complementary analysis of the stellar kinematics reveals the presence of blue asymmetries of a few 10 km s − 1 in the stellar LoSVDs. The origin of such asymmetries is not clear, but a possibility is that they trace the presence of a large number of high velocity runaway stars and hypervelocity stars in radial trajectories in local galaxies.
A new Determination of the Extragalactic Background of Diffuse Gamma Rays taking into account Dark Matter Annihilation

The extragalactic background (EGB) of diffuse gamma rays can be determined by subtracting the Galactic contri- bution from the data. This requires a Galactic model (GM) and we include for the first time the contribution of dark matter annihilation (DMA), which was previously proposed as an explanation for the EGRET excess of diffuse Galactic gamma rays above 1 GeV. In this paper it is shown that the newly determined EGB shows a characteristic high energy bump on top of a steeply falling soft contribution. The bump is shown to be compatible with a contribution from an extragalactic DMA signal from weakly interacting massive particles (WIMPs) with a mass between 50 and 100 GeV in agreement with the EGRET excess of the Galactic diffuse gamma rays and in disagreement with earlier analysis. The remaining soft contribution of the EGB is shown to resemble the spectra of the observed point sources in our Galaxy.
Preliminary Evidence of the Potent and Selective Adenosine A2B Receptor Antagonist PSB-603 in Reducing Obesity and Some of Its Associated Metabolic Disorders in Mice

The adenosine A2A and A2B receptors are promising therapeutic targets in the treatment of obesity and diabetes since the agonists and antagonists of these receptors have the potential to positively affect metabolic disorders. The present study investigated the link between body weight reduction, glucose homeostasis, and anti-inflammatory activity induced by a highly potent and specific adenosine A2B receptor antagonist, compound PSB-603. Mice were fed a high-fat diet for 14 weeks, and after 12 weeks, they were treated for 14 days intraperitoneally with the test compound. The A1/A2A/A2B receptor antagonist theophylline was used as a reference. Following two weeks of treatment, different biochemical parameters were determined, including total cholesterol, triglycerides, glucose, TNF-α, and IL-6 blood levels, as well as glucose and insulin tolerance. To avoid false positive results, mouse locomotor and spontaneous activities were assessed. Both theophylline and PSB-603 significantly reduced body weight in obese mice. Both compounds had no effects on glucose levels in the obese state; however, PSB-603, contrary to theophylline, significantly reduced triglycerides and total cholesterol blood levels. Thus, our observations showed that selective A2B adenosine receptor blockade has a more favourable effect on the lipid profile than nonselective inhibition.
The term a_4 in the heat kernel expansion of noncommutative tori

We consider the Laplacian associated with a general metric in the canonical conformal structure of the noncommutative two torus, and calculate a local expression for the term a_4 that appears in its corresponding small-time heat kernel expansion. The final formula involves one variable functions and lengthy two, three and four variable functions of the modular automorphism of the state that encodes the conformal perturbation of the flat metric. We confirm the validity of the calculated expressions by showing that they satisfy a family of conceptually predicted functional relations. By studying these functional relations abstractly, we derive a partial differential system which involves a natural action of cyclic groups of order two, three and four and a flow in parameter space. We discover symmetries of the calculated expressions with respect to the action of the cyclic groups. In passing, we show that the main ingredients of our calculations, which come from a rearrangement lemma and relations between the derivatives up to order four of the conformal factor and those of its logarithm, can be derived by finite differences from the generating function of the Bernoulli numbers and its multiplicative inverse. We then shed light on the significance of exponential polynomials and their smooth fractions in understanding the general structure of the noncommutative geometric invariants appearing in the heat kernel expansion. As an application of our results we obtain the a_4 term for noncommutative four tori which split as products of two tori. These four tori are not conformally flat and the a_4 term gives a first hint of the Riemann curvature and the higher dimensional modular structure.
Large‐eddy simulations of drizzling shallow cumuli using a turbulence‐aware autoconversion parametrization

Turbulence in clouds enhances collision between cloud droplets, which is critical to drizzle formation in shallow cumulus clouds. In this study, we develop an autoconversion parametrization that considers the turbulence‐induced collision enhancement (TICE) obtained from a particle trajectory model. We implement the developed parametrization to a large‐eddy simulation model and simulate the Rain In Cumulus over the Ocean (RICO) case to investigate the effects of TICE on shallow cumulus clouds and their sensitivities to the cloud droplet number concentration and horizontal grid resolution. TICE significantly increases the autoconversion rate, leading to large increases in the accretion rate, rainwater path and surface rain rate. The simulations of shallow cumulus clouds are highly sensitive to the cloud droplet number concentration and horizontal grid resolution, and the inclusion of TICE overall reduces the sensitivities. For example, the large rainwater path and surface rain rate that appear when cloud droplet number concentration is relatively low are reduced by TICE, whereas the very small rainwater path and surface rain rate that appear when cloud droplet number concentration is relatively high are increased by TICE. Comparisons with two other TICE‐aware parametrizations based on direct numerical simulation results of droplet collisions in turbulence show that there are substantial differences in TICE effects for different parametrizations, which implies a large uncertainty in simulating turbulent clouds. Among the three parametrizations, the parametrization developed in this study shows intermediate TICE‐induced increases in rainwater path and surface rain rate.
A Chronic Disease in Adolescence and Selection to an Educational Path—A Longitudinal Study

Chronic disease may affect adolescents’ educational success. We study whether adolescents with a somatic chronic condition have lower school performance, lower odds for academic education, and a delayed start of upper-secondary studies. Seventh graders and ninth graders in the Helsinki Metropolitan Region, Finland, were invited to participate in a school survey in 2011 and 2014, respectively. The respondents (2011, N = 8960; 2014, N = 7394) were followed using a national application registry until 2017. The chronic conditions were asthma, diabetes, and epilepsy. Outcomes were grade point average (GPA), study place in an academic school, and delayed start of secondary education. Adolescents with a chronic disease needing medication had lower GPAs in both grades. Chronic disease with medication in the seventh grade predicted higher odds for the non-academic track (OR = 1.3) and the delayed start (OR = 1.4). In the ninth grade, chronic disease predicted non-academic studies univariately (OR = 1.2) and was not associated with the delayed start. The somatic chronic condition with medication, particularly epilepsy, slightly lowers students’ school performance, which is a mediator between the chronic condition and selection into educational paths. Compared to gender and parents’ education, and particularly to GPA, the role of chronic conditions on educational outcomes is small.
Some new perspectives on d-orthogonal polynomials

The aim of this paper are two folds. The first part is concerned with the associated and the so-called co-polynomials, i.e., new sequences obtained when finite perturbations of the recurrence coefficients are considered. Moreover, the second part deals with Darboux factorization of Jacobi matrices. Here the respective co-polynomials solutions are explicitly expressed in terms of the fundamental solutions of a (d+2)-term recurrence relation. New identities and formulas related to determinants with co-polynomials entries are obtained. Accordingly, further determinants bring out partial generalizations of Christoffel Darboux formula. Some of new sequences proved useful for determining the entries of matrices in LU and UL decomposition of Jacobi matrix. The last one gives rise of a d-analogue of kernel polynomials with quite a few properties, and further a new characterization of the d-quasi-orthogonality. Kernel polynomials also appear in the (d+1)-decomposition of a d-symmetric sequence. Exploiting properties of d-symmetric sequences, reveal a simple proof of Darboux factorizations. It terms out that Jacobi matrix for d-OPS is a product of d lower bidiagonal matrices and one upper bidiagonal matrix and that each lower bidiagonal matrix is in fact a closed connection between two adjacent components for some d-(symmetric)OPS. Furthermore, we pointed out that if the first component is Hahn classical d-OPS then the corresponding d-symmetric sequence as well as all the components are Hahn classical d-OPS as well. Oscillation matrices assert that zeros of d-OPS are positive and simple whenever the recurrence coefficients are strict positive. Further interlacing properties are justified by the same approach.
Hedgehogs in higher dimensions and their applications

In this paper we study the dynamics of germs of holomorphic diffeomorphisms of $(\mathbb{C}^{n},0)$ with a fixed point at the origin with exactly one neutral eigenvalue. We prove that the map on any local center manifold of $0$ is quasiconformally conjugate to a holomorphic map and use this to transport results from one complex dimension to higher dimensions.
Thermodynamic Formalism for Quantum Channels: Entropy, Pressure and Gibbs channels

Denote $M_k$ the set of complex $k$ by $k$ matrices. We will analyze here quantum channels $\phi_L$ of the following kind: given a measurable function $L:M_k\to M_k$ and the measure $\mu$ on $M_k$ we define the linear operator $\phi_L:M_k \to M_k$, via the expression $\rho \,\to\,\phi_L(\rho) = \int_{M_k} L(v) \rho L(v)^\dagger \, \dm(v). $ A recent paper by T. Benoist, M. Fraas, Y. Pautrat, and C. Pellegrini is our starting point. They considered the case where $L$ was the identity. Under some assumptions on the quantum channel $\phi_L$ we analyze the eigenvalue property for $\phi_L$ and we also define entropy for the channel $\phi_L$. For a fixed $\mu$ (the {\it a priori} measure) given an Hamiltonian $H: M_k \to M_k$ (which defines $\phi_H$) we present a variational principle of pressure and relate it to the eigenvalue problem. We introduce the concept of Gibbs channel. We describe a related process $X_n$, $n\in \mathbb{N}$, taking values on the projective space $ P(\C^k)$ and analyze the question of existence of invariant probabilities. We also consider an associated process $\rho_n$, $n\in \mathbb{N}$, with values on $D_k$ ($D_k$ is the set of density operators). Via the barycenter we associate the invariant probabilities mentioned above with the density operator fixed for $\phi_L$.
Associative n-categories

We define novel fully combinatorial models of higher categories. Our definitions are based on a connection of higher categories to "directed spaces". Directed spaces are locally modelled on manifold diagrams, which are stratifications of the n-cube such that strata are transversal to the flag foliation of the n-cube. The first part of this thesis develops a combinatorial model for manifold diagrams called singular n-cubes. In the second part we apply this model to build our notions of higher categories. Singular n-cubes are "directed triangulations" of space together with a decomposition into a collection of subspaces or strata. Singular n-cubes can be naturally organised into two categories. The first, whose morphisms are bundles themselves, is used for the inductive definition of singular (n+1)-cubes. The second, whose morphisms are "open" base changes, admits an (epi,mono) factorisation system. Monomorphisms will be called embeddings of cubes. Epimorphisms will be called collapses and describe how triangulations can be coarsened. Each cube has a unique coarsest triangulation called its normal form. The existence of normal forms makes the equality relation of (combinatorially represented) manifold diagrams decidable. As the main application of the resulting combinatorial framework for manifold diagrams, we give algebraic definitions of various notions of higher categories. Namely, we define associative n-categories, presented associative n-categories and presented associative n-groupoids. All three notions will have strict units and associators; the only weak coherences are homotopies, but we develop a mechanism for recovering the usual coherence data of weak n-categories, such as associators and pentagonators and their higher analogues. This will motivate the conjecture that the theory of associative higher categories is equivalent to its fully weak counterpart.
Symplectic involutions of holomorphic symplectic four‐folds

The main goal of this paper is the study of fixed points of a symplectic involution over an irreducible holomorphic symplectic manifold of dimension 4 such that b2=23. We show that there are only three possibilities for the number of fixed points and of fixed K3 surfaces. We conjecture that only one case can actually occur, the one with 28 isolated fixed points and 1 fixed K3 surface, and that such an involution can never fix an abelian surface. We provide evidence for the conjecture by verifying it in some examples, as the Hilbert scheme of a K3 surface, the Fano variety of a cubic in ℙ5 and the double cover of an Eisenbud–Popescu–Walter sextic.
Notes on Weyl-Clifford algebras

Here is discussed generalization of Clifford algebras, l^n-dimensional Weyl-Clifford algebras T(n,l) with n generators t_k satisfying equation $(\sum_{k=1}^n a_k t_k)^l = \sum_{k=1}^n a_k^l$. It is originated from two basic and well known constructions: representation of Clifford algebras via tensor products of Pauli matrices together with extension for l > 2 using Weyl commutation relations. Presentation of such general topics here may not pretend to entire originality or completeness and it is rather a preliminary excursus into this very broad and interesting area of research.
Fibered and primitive/Seifert twisted torus knots

The twisted torus knots lie on the standard genus 2 Heegaard surface for $S^3$, as do the primitive/primitive and primitive/Seifert knots. It is known that primitive/primitive knots are fibered, and that not all primitive/Seifert knots are fibered. Since there is a wealth of primitive/Seifert knots that are twisted torus knots, we consider the twisted torus knots to partially answer the question of which primitive/Seifert knots are fibered. A braid computation shows that a particular family of twisted torus knots is fibered, and that computation is then used to generalize the results of a previous paper by the author.
Some integral representations and limits for (products of) the parabolic cylinder function

ABSTRACT Recently, [Veestraeten D. On the inverse transform of Laplace transforms that contain (products of) the parabolic cylinder function. Integr Transf Spec F 2015;26:859–871] derived inverse Laplace transforms for Laplace transforms that contain products of two parabolic cylinder functions by exploiting the link between the parabolic cylinder function and the transition density and distribution functions of the Ornstein–Uhlenbeck process. This paper first uses these results to derive new integral representations for (products of two) parabolic cylinder functions. Second, as the Brownian motion process with drift is a limiting case of the Ornstein–Uhlenbeck process also limits can be calculated for the product of gamma functions and (products of) parabolic cylinder functions. The central results in both cases contain, in stylized form, and such that the recurrence relation of the parabolic cylinder function straightforwardly allows to obtain integral representations and limits also for countless other combinations in the orders such as and .
Cartan subalgebras in C*-algebras. Existence and uniqueness

We initiate the study of Cartan subalgebras in C*-algebras, with a particular focus on existence and uniqueness questions. For homogeneous C*-algebras, these questions can be analyzed systematically using the theory of fiber bundles. For group C*-algebras, while we are able to find Cartan subalgebras in C*-algebras of many connected Lie groups, there are classes of (discrete) groups, for instance non-abelian free groups, whose reduced group C*-algebras do not have any Cartan subalgebras. Moreover, we show that uniqueness of Cartan subalgebras usually fails for classifiable C*-algebras. However, distinguished Cartan subalgebras exist in some cases, for instance in nuclear uniform Roe algebras.
3D-Printed Pectin/Carboxymethyl Cellulose/ZnO Bio-Inks: Comparative Analysis with the Solution Casting Method

Bio-inks consisting of pectin (Pec), carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), and ZnO nanoparticles (ZnO) were used to prepare films by solution casting and 3D-printing methods. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) was conducted to observe that the surface of samples made by 3D bioprinter was denser and more compact than the solution cast samples. In addition, Pec/CMC/ZnO made by 3D-bioprinter (Pec/CMC/ZnO-3D) revealed enhanced water vapor barrier, hydrophobicity, and mechanical properties. Pec/CMC/ZnO-3D also showed strong antimicrobial activity within 12 h against S. aureus and E. coli O157: H7 bacterial strains compared to the solution cast films. Further, the nanocomposite bio-inks used for 3D printing did not show cytotoxicity towards normal human dermal fibroblast (NDFB) cells but enhanced the fibroblast proliferation with increasing exposure concentration of the sample. The study provided two important inferences. Firstly, the 3D bioprinting method can be an alternative, better, and more practical method for fabricating biopolymer film instead of solution casting, which is the main finding of this work defining its novelty. Secondly, the Pec/CMC/ZnO can potentially be used as 3D bio-inks to fabricate functional films or scaffolds and biomedical applications.
Multivariate Fast Iterative Filtering for the Decomposition of Nonstationary Signals

In this work, we present a new technique for the decomposition of multivariate data, which we call Multivariate Fast Iterative Filtering (MvFIF) algorithm. We study its properties, proving rigorously that it converges in finite time when applied to the decomposition of any kind of multivariate signal. We test MvFIF performance using a wide variety of artificial and real multivariate signals, showing its ability to: separate multivariate modulated oscillations; align frequencies along different channels; produce a quasi–dyadic filterbank when decomposing white Gaussian noise; decompose the signal in a quasi–orthogonal set of components; being robust to noise perturbation, even when the number of channels is increased considerably. Finally, we compare it and its performance with the main methods developed so far in the literature, proving that MvFIF produces, without any a priori assumption on the signal under investigation and in a fast and reliable manner, a uniquely defined decomposition of any multivariate signal.
Perron-Frobenius Theorem for Rectangular Tensors and Directed Hypergraphs

For any positive integers $r$, $s$, $m$, $n$, an $(r,s)$-order $(n,m)$-dimensional rectangular tensor ${\cal A}=(a_{i_1\cdots i_r}^{j_1\cdots j_s}) \in ({\mathbb R}^n)^r\times ({\mathbb R}^m)^s$ is called partially symmetric if it is invariant under any permutation on the lower $r$ indexes and any permutation on the upper $s$ indexes. Such partially symmetric rectangular tensor arises naturally in studying directed hypergraphs. Ling and Qi [Front. Math. China, 2013] first studied the $(p,q)$-spectral radius (or singular values) and proved a Perron-Fronbenius theorem for such tensors when both $p,q \geq r+s$. We improved their results by extending to all $(p,q)$ satisfying $\frac{r}{p} +\frac{s}{q}\leq 1$. We also proved the Perron-Fronbenius theorem for general nonnegative $(r,s)$-order $(n,m)$-dimensional rectangular tensors when $\frac{r}{p}+\frac{s}{q}>1$. We essentially showed that this is best possible without additional conditions on $\cal A$. Finally, we applied these results to study the $(p,q)$-spectral radius of $(r,s)$-uniform directed hypergraphs.