Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
N ° 2007-16 Temperant portfolio choice and background risk : evidence from France

We explore empirically whether earnings uncertainty and borrowing constraints deter households from the stockmarket, consistent with the predictions of theoretical studies of portfolio choice in the presence of uninsurable earnings. Recent extensions highlight the importance of the correlation between earnings and financial risks. We use a selfassessed proxy for the correlation from the DELTA-TNS 2002 crosssectional survey. While income risk does not deter from the stockmarket those households’ reporting a negative correlation, it does for those who report a non-negative sign, consistent with economic theory predictions. The authors specially thank the Editor, three anonymous referees, Rob Alessie, Louis Eeckhoudt, Carl Emmerson, Michael Haliassos, Andre Masson, Muriel Roger, Jean-Marc Robin, Pamela Spadaro, Christian Schluter, Jackie Wahba and comments from seminar participants at the Bank of Spain, RTN-AGE group (Copenhague, London), ESEM 2003 (Stockholm), FGV (Rio de Janeiro), Jamboree Meeting LSE (London), PSE lunch seminar and Southampton lunch seminar. We acknowledge research support from CNRS and SEEUID. The second author acknowledges financial support from the Bank of Spain. Xisco Oliver also acknowledges financial support from the Spanish Government-MYCT (Programa nacional de promocion general de conocimiento SEJ2005-08783-C04-03/econ) and from the EU RTN, under contract HPRN-CT-2002-00235 (AGE). CNRS-PSE (Joint Research Unit of CNRS-EHESS-ENPC-ENS)-FEDEA. Postal address: ENS Bat. A, 48 Bd. Jourdan, 75014 Paris. France. Corresponding author: arrondel@pse.ens. fr. University of Southampton. Universitat de les Illes Balears. 1 ha ls hs -0 05 88 06 9, v er si on 1 22 A pr 2 01 1
Intraspecific variation in seed size and light intensity affect seed germination and initial seedling growth of a tropical shrub

Seed germination and seedling performance are aff ected by environmental factors and seed traits. In this study we investigated the eff ects of seed size and light intensity on germinability and seedling development of Copaifera oblongifolia. A total of 225 seeds were individually weighed and sown in three germination trays composed of 75 cells each. Each tray was placed in a diff erent germination chamber with controlled photoperiod, temperature and light intensity. Seed size showed a positive relationship with time required for seed germination, and seeds exposed to high light intensity required more time to germinate. Seed size did not aff ect germination percentage, but seeds sown under high light intensity had a lower germination percentage than seeds sown under low light intensity and darkness. Seedling shoot mass showed a positive relationship with seeds mass, and seedlings grown in high light intensity had greater shoot mass than seedling growth in low light intensity and darkness. Th us, seed germinability of C. oblongifolia was higher in darkness while seedlings exhibited greater development under light. Looking to explain the ability of C. oblongifolia to colonize open/disturbed sites, it seems possible that plowing soil can bury seeds, thereby stimulating the germination of seeds present in the seed bank.
Patent Trolls: Evidence from Targeted Firms

We develop a theoretical model of, and provide the first large-sample evidence on, the behavior and impact of non-practicing entities (NPEs) in the intellectual property space. Our model shows that NPE litigation can reduce infringement and support small inventors. However, the model also shows that as NPEs become effective at bringing frivolous lawsuits, the resulting defense costs inefficiently crowd out some firms that, absent NPEs, would produce welfare-enhancing innovations without engaging in infringement. Our empirical analysis shows that on average, NPEs appear to behave as opportunistic patent trolls. NPEs sue cash-rich firms—a one standard deviation increase in cash holdings roughly doubles a firm&apos;s chance of being targeted by NPE litigation. We find moreover that NPEs target cash unrelated to the alleged infringement at essentially the same frequency as they target cash related to the alleged infringement. By contrast, cash is neither a key driver of intellectual property lawsuits by practicing entities (e.g., IBM and Intel), nor of any other type of litigation against firms. We find further suggestive evidence of NPE opportunism, such as forum shopping and targeting of firms that may have reduced ability to defend themselves against litigation. We find that NPE litigation has a real negative impact on innovation at targeted firms: firms substantially reduce their innovative activity after settling with NPEs (or losing to them in court). Moreover, we neither find any markers of significant NPE pass-through to end innovators, nor of a positive impact of NPEs on innovation in the industries in which they are most prevalent.
Development of cabozantinib for the treatment of prostate cancer

: Cabozantinib (XL184) is a multitargeted receptor tyrosine kinase with predominantly MET and vascular endothelial growth factor inhibition properties. It is currently approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of progressive metastatic medullary thyroid cancer. The agent has a convenient once-daily oral dosing schedule and has demonstrated encouraging activity in metastatic castrate-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). A Phase I/II trial demonstrated responses in soft tissue, visceral disease, and bone metastases in CRPC. An objective response rate of 5%, a stable disease rate of 75%, and a median progression-free survival of 6 months was observed. As compared with the 140 mg daily dose used in thyroid cancer, a lower dose of 60 mg daily is currently being utilized in prostate cancer studies due to the fact that toxicity could be reduced without compromising efficacy. Randomized trials are ongoing in comparison with prednisone or with mitoxantrone and prednisone in pretreated metastatic CRPC. Cabozantinib has demonstrated a unique mechanism of action and preliminary efficacy in the crowded therapeutic field of prostate cancer. Since multiple therapies have recently demonstrated overall survival benefit in metastatic CRPC, cabozantinib will likely face some challenges in clinical application. At present, in this rapidly evolving field, it is unclear what proportion of patients with prostate cancer will be eligible to receive this therapy. The cost of cabozantinib is likely to be another deterrent, especially if it remains more expensive than other oral therapies, such as abiraterone and enzalutamide. Defining the role of MET overexpression and RET mutations as biomarkers in prostate cancer may help to guide patient selection, and enrich and enhance the future applications of this targeted novel agent. Core Evidence is an international, peer-reviewed open-access journal evaluating the evidence underlying the potential place in therapy of drugs throughout their development lifecycle from preclinical to post- launch. The focus of each review is to evaluate the case for a new drug or class in outcome terms in specific indications and patient groups.
Self-assembly of active amphiphilic Janus particles

In this article, we study the phenomenology of a two dimensional dilute suspension of active amphiphilic Janus particles. We analyze how the morphology of the aggregates emerging from their self-assembly depends on the strength and the direction of the active forces. We systematically explore and contrast the phenomenologies resulting from particles with a range of attractive patch coverages. Finally, we illustrate how the geometry of the colloids and the directionality of their interactions can be used to control the physical properties of the assembled active aggregates and suggest possible strategies to exploit self-propulsion as a tunable driving force for self-assembly.
Tying Knots : Lending to Win Equity Underwriting Business

This article examines the practice of " tying, " which occurs when an underwriter lends to an issuer around the time of public securities offering in order to secure underwriting business. We examine the following questions: (i) How far do investment banks compete directly in tying? (ii) How does tying affect issuers, and in particular, their financing costs? (iii) Why do underwriters tie lending to underwriting? We find that investment banks engage in a substantial amount of tying, contrary to concerns that they are disadvantaged by tying practices. We find that tying allows firms to reduce their financing costs, as tied issuers receive lower underwriter fees on seasoned equity offerings and discounted loan yield spreads. These results are robust to matching methodology developed by Heckman, Ichimura, and Todd (1997, 1998). Financing costs are significantly reduced for non-investment grade borrowers, where informational economies of scope from combining lending with underwriting are likely to be large. From the underwriters' perspective, we find that tying helps build relationships that augment an underwriter's expected investment banking revenues by increasing the probability of receiving both current and future equity underwriting business.
Search for exotic particles decaying into WZ boson pairs at the CMS experiment

The Standard Model (SM) is the theoretical framework that describes the state of the art in particle physics. It has been extremely successful at describing the particles and forces observed in nature. However, the theory is known to be incomplete. Among other things, it cannot explain dark matter, the dynamics of electroweak symmetry breaking, neutrino masses, nor how gravity is to be incorporated into its framework. A popular extension of the SM introduces a new particle similar to a W boson, typically called a W’ boson. Other classes of theories, such as technicolor, offer alternatives to the SM’s implementation of electroweak symmetry breaking and predict, among others, a new particle called ρTC . The new particles introduced by these extensions are expected to decay into WZ boson pairs. This final state provides a distinctive search signal. This dissertation describes a search for these exotic new particles decaying via WZ pairs to a leptonic ( ```ν`′ , with `, ` ′ = e,μ) final state. The data was collected with the Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) experiment at the Large Hadron Collider at CERN (European Organization for Nuclear Research). Data from 5 fb−1 of proton-proton collisions taken at a center of mass energy of 7 TeV in 2011 and 20 fb−1 taken at a center of mass energy of 8 TeV in 2012 were analyzed. No significant excess over the expected Standard Model background was observed and 95% confidence level upper exclusion limits were placed on the production cross section. These were interpreted as mass exclusion limits in the common v benchmark of the Sequential Standard Model (SSM) and low-scale technicolor. Assuming the SSM, W’ masses between 170 and 1450 GeV were excluded. Limits were also set on the mass of the ρTC under a range of scenarios. These are the strongest limits to date in this channel.
Batch Effects Correction with Unknown Subtypes

ABSTRACT High-throughput experimental data are accumulating exponentially in public databases. Unfortunately, however, mining valid scientific discoveries from these abundant resources is hampered by technical artifacts and inherent biological heterogeneity. The former are usually termed “batch effects,” and the latter is often modeled by subtypes. Existing methods either tackle batch effects provided that subtypes are known or cluster subtypes assuming that batch effects are absent. Consequently, there is a lack of research on the correction of batch effects with the presence of unknown subtypes. Here, we combine a location-and-scale adjustment model and model-based clustering into a novel hybrid one, the batch-effects-correction-with-unknown-subtypes model (BUS). BUS is capable of (a) correcting batch effects explicitly, (b) grouping samples that share similar characteristics into subtypes, (c) identifying features that distinguish subtypes, (d) allowing the number of subtypes to vary from batch to batch, (e) integrating batches from different platforms, and (f) enjoying a linear-order computation complexity. We prove the identifiability of BUS and provide conditions for study designs under which batch effects can be corrected. BUS is evaluated by simulation studies and a real breast cancer dataset combined from three batches measured on two platforms. Results from the breast cancer dataset offer much better biological insights than existing methods. We implement BUS as a free Bioconductor package BUScorrect. Supplementary materials for this article are available online.
HOMOLOGY AND COHOMOLOGY OF GENERALIZED WEYL ALGEBRAS by M . A . FARINATI , A . SOLOTAR and

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Exposure to Outdoor Particles (PM2.5) and Associated Child Morbidity and Mortality in Socially Deprived Neighborhoods of Nairobi, Kenya

Exposure to air pollution is associated with adverse health outcomes. However, the health burden related to ambient outdoor air pollution in sub-Saharan Africa remains unclear. This study examined the relationship between exposure to outdoor air pollution and child health in urban slums of Nairobi, Kenya. We conducted a semi-ecological study among children under 5 years of age from two slum areas and exposure measurements of particulate matter (PM2.5) at the village level were aligned to data from a retrospective cohort study design. We used logistic and Poisson regression models to ascertain the associations between PM2.5 exposure level and child morbidity and mortality. Compared to those in low-pollution areas (PM2.5 < 25 µg/m3), children in high-pollution areas (PM2.5 ≥ 25 µg/m3) were at significantly higher risk for morbidity in general (odds ratio (OR) = 1.25, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.11–1.41) and, specifically, cough (OR = 1.38, 95% CI: 1.20–1.48). Exposure to high levels of pollution was associated with a high child mortality rate from all causes (IRR = 1.22, 95% CI: 1.08–1.39) and respiratory causes (IRR = 1.12, 95% CI: 0.88–1.42). The findings indicate that there are associated adverse health outcomes with air pollution in urban slums. Further research on air pollution health impact assessments in similar urban areas is required.
Do Temporary Dropouts Improve the Composition of Panel Data? An Analysis of “Gap Interviews” in the German Family Panel pairfam

In the context of cross-sectional surveys, the scope of research on the impact of response enhancing strategies on sample composition and nonresponse bias is vast. This topic has rarely been addressed for panel studies, however, although these are becoming an increasingly important data source in social research. In this article, we evaluate the impact of reissuing wave nonrespondents on sample composition and survey estimates in the German Family Panel pairfam. In light of concerns about an adequate representation of life changes in panel studies, we focus on whether temporary dropouts improve sample composition in this respect: Using retrospective information from these cases provided at reentry, we approximate the impact of “lost” reports of life changes due to attrition. Our analysis reveals that the inclusion of temporary dropouts does increase sample variability regarding life changes. However, example analyses indicate that substantive conclusions would not be compromised if temporary dropouts were excluded.
Effect of driving frequency on electron heating in capacitively coupled RF argon glow discharges at low pressure

A one-dimensional (1D) fluid model on capacitively coupled radio frequency (RF) argon glow discharge between parallel-plates electrodes at low pressure is established to test the effect of the driving frequency on electron heating. The model is solved numerically by a finite difference method. The numerical results show that the discharge process may be divided into three stages: the growing rapidly stage, the growing slowly stage, and the steady stage. In the steady stage, the maximal electron density increases as the driving frequency increases. The results show that the discharge region has three parts: the powered electrode sheath region, the bulk plasma region and the grounded electrode sheath region. In the growing rapidly stage (at 18 μs), the results of the cycle-averaged electric field, electron temperature, electron density, and electric potentials for the driving frequencies of 3.39, 6.78, 13.56, and 27.12 MHz are compared, respectively. Furthermore, the results of cycle-averaged electron pressure cooling, electron ohmic heating, electron heating, and electron energy loss for the driving frequencies of 3.39, 6.78, 13.56, and 27.12 MHz are discussed, respectively. It is also found that the effect of the cycle-averaged electron pressure cooling on the electrons is to “cool” the electrons; the effect of the electron ohmic heating on the electrons is always to “heat” the electrons; the effect of the cycle-averaged electron ohmic heating on the electrons is stronger than the effect of the cycle-averaged electron pressure cooling on the electrons in the discharge region except in the regions near the electrodes. Therefore, the effect of the cycle-averaged electron heating on the electrons is to “heat” the electrons in the discharge region except in the regions near the electrodes. However, in the regions near the electrodes, the effect of the cycle-averaged electron heating on the electron is to “cool” the electrons. Finally, the space distributions of the electron pressure cooling the electron ohmic heating and the electron heating at 1/4T, 2/4T, 3/4T, and 4/4T in one RF-cycle are presented and compared.
When Federated Learning Meets Pre-trained Language Models' Parameter-Efficient Tuning Methods

With increasing privacy concerns on data, recent studies have made signiﬁcant progress using federated learning (FL) on privacy-sensitive natural language processing (NLP) tasks. Much literature suggests fully ﬁne-tuning pre-trained language models (PLMs) in the FL paradigm can mitigate the data heterogeneity problem and close the performance gap with centralized training. However, large PLMs bring the curse of prohibitive communication overhead and local model adaptation costs for the FL system. To this end, we introduce various parameter-efﬁcient tuning (PETuning) methods into federated learning. Speciﬁcally, we provide a holistic empirical study of representative PLMs tuning methods in FL. The experimental results cover the analysis of data heterogeneity levels, data scales, and different FL scenarios. Overall communication overhead can be signiﬁcantly reduced by locally tuning and globally aggregating lightweight model parameters while maintaining acceptable performance in various FL settings. To facilitate the research of PETuning in FL, we also develop a federated tuning framework FedPETuning, which allows practitioners to exploit different PETun-ing methods under the FL training paradigm conveniently. The source code is available at https://github.com/iezhuozhuo/ FedETuning/tree/deltaTuning .
Financial and economic stability as ‘two sides of a coin’: Non-crisis regime evidence from the UK based on VECM

Purpose This study analyzes the association between financial and economic stability from a new perspective. We revisit the existing understanding of the concept of financial stability in its relation to financial instability in order to then investigate some of the associations between economic stability and financial and price stability. Design/methodology/approach – It is based on six pillars of financial stability and construct a vector error correction model (VECM) for a UK dataset for the period 1985 (Q1) to 2008 (Q2). Findings – . The findings provide a justification for macro-prudential approaches to the finance system. Research limitations/implications (if applicable) Practical implications (if applicable) Originality/value (mandatory)
Multiscale methods for Stokes flow in heterogeneous media

Fluid flow in porous media is a multiscale process where the effective dynamics, which is often the goal of a computation, depends strongly on the porous micro structure. Resolving the micro structure in the whole porous medium can, however, be prohibitive. Novel numerical methods that efficiently approximate the effective flow but resolve only a carefully selected reduced portion of the porous structure are of great interest. In this thesis we propose new numerical multiscale methods for Stokes flow in two- and three-scale porous media. First, we propose the Darcy--Stokes finite element heterogeneous multiscale method (DS-FE-HMM). The method is based on solving the Darcy equation on a macroscopic mesh using the finite element method with numerical quadrature, where the unknown permeability is recovered from micro finite element solutions of Stokes problems that are defined in sampling domains centered at macroscopic quadrature points. An adaptive scheme based on a posteriori error analysis is proposed, where micro-macro mesh refinement is driven by residual-based indicators that quantify both the micro and macro errors. Second, to address the increasing cost of solving the micro problems as the macroscopic mesh is refined, we combine the DS-FE-HMM with reduced basis (RB) method and propose a new multiscale method called the RB-DS-FE-HMM. Efficiency and accuracy of the method relies on a parametrization of the micro geometries and on the Petrov-Galerkin RB formulation that provides a stable and fast evaluation of the effective permeability. A residual-based adaptive mesh refinement scheme is proposed for the macroscopic problem. To achieve a conservative approximation we also combine and analyze a coupling of the RB method with a different macroscopic scheme based on the discontinuous Galerkin finite element method (DG-FEM). Finally, we consider a three-scale porous media model with macro, meso, and micro scale. At the intermediate meso scale the medium is composed of fluid and porous parts and the fluid flow is modeled with the Stokes-Brinkman equation. A three-scale numerical method is derived and an efficient algorithm based on the RB method and empirical interpolation method on the micro and meso scale is proposed.