Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Psychological support for orthognathic patients: Who is doing what?

Objective: To investigate: (1) orthodontists’ training experience in the psychological assessment of orthognathic patients and their wish for training/further training; (2) the availability of psychological support, referral patterns and outcomes after referral; (3) and adverse incidents prompting orthodontists to refer patients for psychological assessment. Design: Prospective cross-sectional study. Methods: A 25-item questionnaire was designed to investigate the above mentioned aims. After a pilot study, the questionnaire was distributed to all members of the Consultant Orthodontist Group, British Orthodontic Society. Results: Based on a 29.1% response rate (n = 102), 76.5% of respondents had undertaken training in identifying orthognathic patients who may benefit from psychological assessment. However, 90.2% favoured further training. All respondents believed that some orthognathic patients would benefit from referral; however, 31.3% of units referred no patients at all, mostly due to limited/no access (66.7%). Most referrals (68.9%) were to psychiatrists/psychologists with dentofacial deformity expertise, with 28.9% of units having such services onsite (14 different units). Psychological referrals had potentially useful outcomes, with 36.4% of respondents sometimes changing treatment plans following referral. Clinical incidents were experienced by 35.1% of respondents, prompting referral of patients for psychological assessment; such incidents included patient suicides (n = 4). Conclusion: Most respondents had trained in psychological assessment of orthognathic patients; however there was a large demand for further training. Clinicians value the psychological services available; however, limited availability may affect referrals for some respondents. Adverse incidents are of real concern and highlight the need to ensure that training and resources are provided to support orthognathic patients and teams.
Microencapsulation of Pineapple Peel Extract by Spray Drying Using Maltodextrin, Inulin, and Arabic Gum as Wall Matrices

A pineapple peel hydroalcoholic extract rich in phenolic compounds, was stabilized by microencapsulation using spray drying technology, with maltodextrin, inulin, and arabic gum as wall materials. The influence of the type of wall material and drying temperature (150 and 190 °C) on the particles properties was studied. The particles presented a spherical shape with a diameter ranging from approximately 1.3 to 18.2 µm, the exception being the ones with inulin that showed a large degree of agglomeration. All powders produced presented an intermediate cohesiveness and a fair to good flowability according to Carr index and Hausner ratio, which envisages suitable handling properties at an industrial scale. The microencapsulation processes using maltodextrin and arabic gum at 150 °C were the ones that showed higher maintenance of the antioxidant activity of compounds present in the extract before encapsulation during spray drying. In addition, the microparticles obtained were quite efficient in stabilizing the encapsulated phenolic compounds, as their antioxidant activity did not change significantly during six months of storage at 5 °C.
Tyrant flycatchers coming out in the open: phylogeny and ecological radiation of Tyrannidae (Aves, Passeriformes)

Tyrant flycatchers constitute a substantial component of the land bird fauna in all South American habitats. Past interpretations of the morphological and ecological evolution in the group have been hampered by the lack of a well‐resolved hypothesis of their phylogenetic interrelationships. Here, we present a well‐resolved phylogeny based on DNA sequences from three nuclear introns for 128 taxa. Our results confirm much of the overall picture of Tyrannidae relationships, and also identify several novel relationships. The genera Onychorhynchus, Myiobius and Terenotriccus are placed outside Tyrannidae and may be more closely related to Tityridae. Tyrannidae consists of two main lineages. An expanded pipromorphine clade includes flatbills, tody‐tyrants and antpipits, and also Phylloscartes and Pogonotriccus. The spadebills, Neopipo and Tachuris are their closest relatives. The remainder of the tyrant flycatchers forms a well‐supported clade, subdivided in two large subclades, which differ consistently in foraging behaviour, the perch‐gleaning elaeniines and the sallying myiarchines, tyrannines and fluvicolines. A third clade is formed by the genera Myiotriccus, Pyrrhomyias, Hirundinea and three species currently placed in Myiophobus. Ancestral habitat reconstruction and divergence date estimation suggest that early divergence events in Tyrannida took place in a humid forest environment during the Oligocene. Large‐scale diversification in open habitats is confined to the clade consisting of the elaeniines, myiarchines, tyrannines and fluvicolines. This radiation correlates in time to the expansion of semi‐open and open habitats from the mid‐Miocene (c. 15 Mya) onwards. The pipromorphine, elaeniine and myiarchine–tyrannine–fluvicoline clades each employ distinct foraging strategies (upward striking, perch‐gleaning and sallying, respectively), but the degree of diversity in morphology and microhabitat exploitation is markedly different between these clades. While the pipromorphines and elaeniines each are remarkably homogenous in morphology and exploit a restricted range of microhabitats, the myiarchine–tyrannine–fluvicoline clade is more diverse in these respects. This greater ecological diversity, especially as manifested in their success in colonizing a wider spectrum of open habitats, appears to be connected to a greater adaptive flexibility of the search‐and‐sally foraging behaviour.
The views and experiences of fathers regarding their young child's intellectual and developmental disability diagnosis: findings from a qualitative study.

AIMS AND OBJECTIVES The aim of this paper is to report the views and experiences of fathers following their child's diagnosis of an intellectual and developmental disability (IDD). BACKGROUND There is a growing interest in understanding the experiences of fathers of children with IDD given the transformation of the structural change of fathers' roles within the family and wider society. DESIGN A qualitative design was used to elicit the view and experiences of fathers. METHODS A total of ten Irish fathers participated in face-to-face interviews. The data were thematically analysed. The COREQ guidelines for reporting qualitative studies was used in the development of this paper. RESULTS The key themes that emerged were (i) the confirmation of the child's diagnosis (ii) the impact of the diagnosis and (iii) father's motivation to participate in disability research. CONCLUSIONS This study informs and develops a further understanding of the international evidence-base of fathers receiving a confirmation of a child's diagnosis of an intellectual and developmental disability, the impact of the diagnosis on fathers and their motivation to share their stories to add to the disability research. Health and social care practitioners have important contributions to make in meeting the needs of fathers. There are specific areas to consider in terms of practice, education and research that require further attention and development to ensure fathers' distinct needs regarding their child's diagnosis of IDD are known and responded to effectively. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE This study highlights that when the child's disability is confirmed, fathers experience a diverse range of mixed emotions. Health and social care practitioners including nurses need to be aware of the impact of the diagnosis upon fathers. There is scope to develop the knowledge, skills and confidence of health and social care practitioners regarding the experiences of fathers and how they can further support fathers and their families during the critical time of a disability disclosure.
Effect of Preharvest Treatment with Seaweed Products, Kelpak® and Goëmar BM 86®, on Fruit Quality in Apple

ABSTRACT The effect of two formulations made from seaweed extracts on apple tree productivity and fruit quality was evaluated in seven experiments conducted during the period 2001–2005 on apple trees ‘Gala Must’, ‘Golden Delicious’, ‘Jonagold Decosta’, and ‘Elstar’. One of the formulations, Kelpak®, contains natural auxins and cytokinins extracted from Ecklonia maxima, while the other one, Goëmar BM 86®, contains amino acids, vitamins, phytohormones, and poligosaccharides extracted from Ascophyllum nodosum, and the mineral nutrients N, Mg, B. The preparations were used, separately and together in a mixture, by spraying trees at the end of bloom, and subsequently four times at intervals of 4 weeks, the last time being about 4 weeks before harvest. In the other three experiments, Kelpak® and Goëmar BM 86® were used separately by spraying trees at full bloom only. It was found that Kelpak® and Goëmar BM 86®, applied five times during the period from the end of bloom until up to 4 weeks before harvest, sometimes improved fruit set and the size of apples, to a greater or lesser extent depending on the fruit set, but above all they caused an improvement in the distribution of apples in size classes and somewhat reduced russeting. Depending on the cultivar, the preparations caused a deterioration (‘Gala Must’) or an improvement (‘Jonagold Decosta’) in the red coloration of apples. Sometimes, a negative effect of the treatments on the internal quality of apples, expressed mostly by the refraction value after storage, was noticed. The apples treated with the preparations were found to have high levels of total nitrogen. No effect of the two seaweed preparations on the storage quality of apples was found. Both preparations stimulated the growth of shoots and leaves, caused an improvement in flower quality, and prolonged the blooming time, but no effect on the blooming of trees a year after their application was observed. When the preparations were used only once at full bloom, they had a small effect on the size distribution of apples but a distinct effect on the vegetative growth of the trees.
Biochemical Biomarkers of Mucosal Healing for Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Adults

Mucosal healing (MH) is the key therapeutic target of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The evaluation of MH remains challenging, with endoscopy being the golden standard. We performed a comprehensive overview of the performance of fecal-, serum-, and urine-based biochemical markers in colonic IBD to find out whether we are ready to replace endoscopy with a non-invasive but equally accurate instrument. A Pubmed, Web of Knowledge, and Scopus search of original articles as potential MH markers in adults, published between January 2009 and March 2020, was conducted. Finally, 84 eligible studies were identified. The most frequently studied fecal marker was calprotectin (44 studies), with areas under the curves (AUCs) ranging from 0.70 to 0.99 in ulcerative colitis (UC) and from 0.70 to 0.94 in Crohn`s disease (CD), followed by lactoferrin (4 studies), matrix metalloproteinase-9 (3 studies), and lipocalin-2 (3 studies). The most frequently studied serum marker was C-reactive protein (30 studies), with AUCs ranging from 0.60 to 0.96 in UC and from 0.64 to 0.93 in CD. Fecal calprotectin is an accurate MH marker in IBD in adults; however, it cannot replace endoscopy and the application of calprotectin is hampered by the lack of standardization concerning the cut-off value. Other markers are either not sufficiently accurate or have not been studied extensively enough.
Isolation, Screening and Identification of Fungi From Soil

Mycoflora from the soil of Bhopal was investigated at some different locations from February to June, 2003. The fungi were isolated by using soil dilution and soil plate method. On the basis of cultural and microscopic characteristics, the isolated strains were identified as Trichoderma viride, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus fumigatus, Curvularia sp. , Fusarium sp. etc. Total 14 species were obtained from 20 soil samples. Aspergillus niger showed highest percentage contribution.
Changes in milk production with age and milking frequency.

Summary 1.Multiplicative age-correction factors for Holsteins were derived from 43,573 Herd Improvement Registry lactations of 5,374 cows milked twice daily and 5,627 cows milked thrice daily. These factors were based on comparisons of production by the same cows in consecutive lactations. The factors are shown in table 2. 2.The biases which culling of cows may cause in age correction factors are discussed. Several sets of factors for Holsteins are compared in figure 2. Figure 3 shows the actual HIR averages before and after correction of these factors. 3.The present findings agree well with the widely used Kendrick factors. The differences indicate that the following four points need attention whenever a revision of the Kendrick factors is made: (a)The Kendrick factors seem a bit too large at ages under 35 mo. Part of this might come merely from the higher persistency of heifers, since the present data included many lactations which went as long as 365 days. Part of it may have come from neglecting the difference between late first calvers and early second calvers in the smoothing when the Kendrick factors were prepared. (b)Some difference needs to be made between late first and early second calvers at those ages when records by both are present; i.e., at around 33 to 42 mo. This might be done rather simply by having a sharp discontinuity in the standard age-correction factors between 34 and 35 mo. and adding about 0.05 to the standard factor if the calving is a second one which occurred earlier than 35 mo. , but subtracting about 0.04 from the standard factor if it is a first calving which occurred at ages later than 34 mo. (c)The Kendrick factors appear a bit too low at ages around 45 to 66 mo. The apparent difference is small but does have a little importance, because so many of the records on which cows are culled or are chosen to be the dams of herd sires are made at these ages. (d)The Kendrick factors seem decidedly too large at the older ages. 4.Because all of the commonly used age corrections remove most of the variance caused by age, their accuracy can be increased only a little by further changes. Since any changes involve much confusion and clerical labor, those which the present study indicates to be desirable should first be verified on other data, especially with respect to these points: (a)Is any material portion of them the peculiar result of the present data having included many lactations as long as 365 days? (b)Is the slope of the age curve really different enough in HIR and in DHIA data to need attention? (c)Is the explanation proposed here for the peculiar shape of the R curve at around 36 mo. really valid and is there any simpler and equally accurate device for adapting age corrections to it ? 5.Multiplying 3×records by 0.80 when they are first lactations and by 0.833 when they are later lactations is suggested for correcting them to the basis of twice-a-day milking. The data hint that the difference between 2×and 3×milking is even larger than 4: 5 at extremely young ages.
Protein kinase C‐independent sensitization of contractile proteins to Ca2+ in α‐toxin‐permeabilized smooth muscle cells from the guinea‐pig stomach

Involvement of protein kinase C in receptor‐operated Ca2+ sensitization of cell shortening was investigated by use of α‐toxin‐permeabilized smooth muscle cells from the fundus of the guinea‐pig. Most of the isolated cells responded to 0.6 μm Ca2+ with a maximal shortening to approximately 65% of the resting cell length. Addition of acetylcholine (ACh) at a maximal concentration (10 μm) resulted in a marked decrease in the concentration of Ca2+ required to trigger a threshold response from 0.6 μm to 0.2 μm. The augmentation of Ca2+ sensitivity by ACh was not inhibited by specific protein kinase C inhibitors, calphostin C and K‐252b at a concentration of 1 μm. These findings suggest that protein kinase C is not involved in the muscarinic receptor‐operated augmentation of Ca2+ sensitivity.
Epb41l5 interacts with Iqcb1 and regulates ciliary function in zebrafish embryos

ABSTRACT Erythrocyte protein band 4.1 like 5 (EPB41L5) is an adaptor protein beneath the plasma membrane that functions to control epithelial morphogenesis. Here we report a previously uncharacterized role of EPB41L5 in controlling ciliary function. We found that EPB41L5 forms a complex with IQCB1 (previously known as NPHP5), a ciliopathy protein. Overexpression of EPB41L5 reduced IQCB1 localization at the ciliary base in cultured mammalian epithelial cells. Conversely, epb41l5 knockdown increased IQCB1 localization at the ciliary base. epb41l5-deficient zebrafish embryos or embryos expressing C-terminally modified forms of Epb41l5 developed cilia with reduced motility and exhibited left–right patterning defects, an outcome of abnormal ciliary function. We observed genetic synergy between epb41l5 and iqcb1. Moreover, EPB41L5 decreased IQCB1 interaction with CEP290, another ciliopathy protein and a component of the ciliary base and centrosome. Together, these observations suggest that EPB41L5 regulates the composition of the ciliary base and centrosome through IQCB1 and CEP290. Summary: EPB41L5 has a previously uncharacterized role in controlling ciliary function through IQCB1 and CEP290. This EPB41L5 function appears to be independent of its function in epithelial morphogenesis.
Beer Phenolic Composition of Simple Phenols, Prenylated Flavonoids and Alkylresorcinols

Beer is a fermented beverage with beneficial phenolic compounds and is widely consumed worldwide. The current study aimed to describe the content of three families of phenolic compounds with relevant biological activities: prenylated flavonoids (from hops), simple phenolic alcohols (from fermentation) and alkylresorcinols (from cereals) in a large sample of beers (n = 45). The prenylated flavonoids analyzed were xanthohumol, isoxanthohumol, 6- and 8-prenylnaringenin. The total prenylated flavonoids present in beer ranged from 0.0 to 9.5 mg/L. The simple phenolic alcohols analyzed were tyrosol and hydroxytyrosol, ranging from 0.2 to 44.4 and 0.0 to 0.1 mg/L, respectively. Our study describes, for the first time, the presence of low amounts of alkylresorcinols in beer, in concentrations ranging from 0.02 to 11.0 µg/L. The results in non-alcoholic beer and the differences observed in the phenolic composition among different beer types and styles highlight the importance of the starting materials and the brewing process (especially fermentation) on the final phenolic composition of beer. In conclusion, beer represents a source of phenolic compounds in the diet that could act synergistically, triggering beneficial health effects in the context of its moderate consumption.
Challenging the Concept of Smartphone Addiction: An Empirical Pilot Study of Smartphone Usage Patterns and Psychological Well-Being

Smartphone use is ubiquitous, however, scholarly debate regarding the addictive nature of smartphones abounds. In this context, it is integral to distinguish between the content that users experience and the medium that facilitates access to the former, as users may experience addictive-like responses to the specific activities they engage in through the context experienced rather than the device that facilitates access to these activities. The present study aimed to explore conceptualizations of smartphone addiction by (a) investigating user preferences for specific smartphone functionalities, (b) examining behavioral changes associated with limited access to preferred functionalities, and (c) exploring links between aspects of smartphone use and self-reported psychological well-being. A total of 471 participants completed an online survey, providing data on sociodemographics, actual and hypothetical smartphone usage, and psychological well-being (depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms). The results showed that communication functionalities were most frequently cited as being preferred among smartphone users. Notably, participants reported that they would check their smartphones significantly fewer times if their top-three functionalities were inaccessible. This suggests that smartphone users are likely to become addicted to the functionalities they access on their smartphones (content) and not the smartphones themselves (medium), rendering unviable the notion of smartphone addiction as a construct. Further analyses suggested negligible to small correlations between aspects of smartphone use and psychological well-being variables. The findings imply that rather than focusing on frequency of smartphone use, it is recommended that future research examines the type and quality of specific smartphone usages and their effects on user well-being.
Productive herpesvirus lytic replication in primary effusion lymphoma cells requires S-phase entry

Gammaherpesviruses establish lifelong latent infection in B lymphocytes and are the causative agent of several B-cell malignancies and lymphoproliferative disorders. While a quiescent latent infection allows these pathogens to evade immune detection, initiation of an alternative lifecycle stage, known as lytic replication, is an essential step in the production and dissemination of infectious progeny. Although cessation of cellular proliferation is an eventual consequence of lytic induction, exactly how gammaherpesviruses manipulate the cell cycle prior to amplification of viral DNA remains under debate. Here we show that the onset of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) lytic reactivation in B cells leads to S-phase accumulation and that exit from G1 is required for efficient viral DNA replication. We also show that lytic replication leads to an S-phase-specific activation of the DNA damage response (DDR) that is abrogated when lytic replication is restricted to G0/G1. Finally, we observe that expression of early lytic viral genes results in cellular replication stress with increased stalling of DNA replication forks. Overall, we demonstrate that S-phase entry is important for optimal KSHV replication, that G1 arresting compounds are effective inhibitors of viral propagation, and that lytic-induced cell-cycle arrest could occur through the obstruction of cellular replication forks and subsequent activation of the DDR.