Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The ambivalence of vitamin E in atherogenesis

common formof cardiovascular disease and the mostfrequent cause of death in western coun-tries. A feature of atherosclerosis is theaccumulation of cholesterol beneath theintact endothelium-lining blood vessels.The accumulating cholesterol is derivedfrom lipoproteins, primarily low-densitylipoprotein (LDL), and resides both out-side and within cells located in the sub-endothelial space. Uncontrolled accumu-lation of cholesterol causes cells tobecome lipid laden (foamy). Indeed, thepresence of ‘foam cells’, most of which arederived from macrophages, is a hallmarkof early atherosclerosis and contributesto the progression of the disease (Box 1). However, exposure to LDL normally doesnot convert macrophages and other cellsinto foam cells, because cellular choles-terol homeostasis is controlled tightly atthe level of the expression of the LDL receptor, a protein that is responsible forrecognition of apolipoprotein B-100 andhence uptake of the lipoprotein
Bridging Yield Gaps through Pheromone based Integrated Management of Tephritid Fruit Flies in Tomato, Solanum lycopersicum L.

Tomato is one of the most popular and widely grown vegetables in the world ranking second in importance to potato in many countries. It is rich in pro-vitamin A and vitamin C and contains an antioxidant lycopene. Tomato is cultivated in 0.789 mha with production of 19.745 mmt in the country (Anonymous, 2018), whereas in the state of Himachal Pradesh (NW Himalayas) it is cultivated in both summer and rainy seasons in about 12000 ha area with production of 485536 MT (Anonymous 2018a). Summer tomato is an important cash crop in the Balh valley and surrounding areas of district Mandi of Himachal Pradesh, India covering an area of 1000 ha with production of about 27000 MT.
Hanging in the treetops: an in situ experiment in ancient hemlock assessing outbreak defoliator performance among crown levels

1. Past studies have shown that both egg lay and larval feeding of a generalist defoliator, pale‐winged gray (Iridopsis ephyraria Walker) (Lepidoptera: Geometridae), are concentrated in the mid‐lower crown of eastern hemlock [Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carr. ].
Accumulation of γ-Aminobutyric Acid in Apple, Strawberry and Tomato Fruit in Response to Postharvest Treatments

γ-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) concentrations have been investigated in apple and strawberry fruit exposed to elevated CO 2 levels, and in tomato fruit of S. pennellii introgression lines in cultivated tomato (S. lycopersicum) stored at 3°C. In apple fruit, external CO 2 injury was much greater in fruit exposed to 2.5 and 5% CO 2 than at 1% CO 2 , and injury was enhanced by 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) and inhibited by diphenylamine (DPA) treatment before exposure to 5% CO 2 . GABA accumulated in fruit skin to a greater extent when exposed to 2.5 and 5% CO 2 than to 1% CO 2 , while 1-MCP treated fruit had enhanced GABA accumulation and DPA treated fruit less GABA accumulation compared with 5% CO 2 alone. Strawberries contained undetectable amounts of GABA at harvest, but its concentration increased markedly during storage in 20% CO 2 . Tomato fruits of L. pennellii introgression lines stored at 3°C for 3 weeks showed elevated GABA concentrations, and the % increase over GABA concentrations at harvest was greater in fruit of introgression lines with higher susceptibility to chilling injury. Overall, the results suggest that GABA accumulations may be related to postharvest stresses in fruit, but further research is required to understand the relationships.
The effects of granulovirus on activities of phenoloxidase and protective enzymes in Plutella xylostella L.

2nd-instar larvae of diamondback moth,Plutella xylostella(L.) were feed with occlusion bodies of Plutella xylostella granulovirus(PxGV) to study effects of the virus on the activities of phenoloxidase(PO) and three protective enzymes in the insect.It was shown that,PO activity in the larvae dropped down in the first three days post infection,and further down to the bottom level in the fifth day following a significantrising in the fourth day.After that,the enzymatic activity rose up in the sixth day and stabilized until seventh day when the larvae started dying.In the control,PO activity in the larvae,which were not attacked by the virus,kept dropping down up to the end.PO activity in the larvae infected by PxGV was always much higher than that in the larvae uninfected.Among the three protective enzymes,namely catalase(CAT),superoxide dismutase(SOD),and peroxidase(POD),CAT activity in the larvae infected by PxGV kept rising from the first day to seventh day,and was significantly higher than that in the larvae uninfected.SOD and POD were less affected by infection.
Biofortification of post-rainy sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) with zinc and iron through fertilization strategy

A field experiment was conducted during rabi 2010-11 and 2011-12 to see the effect of external application of Fe and Zn on grain yield and quality of 5 rabi sorghum cultivars. The treatments consisting of 4 levels of micronutrients [Control {RDF (80:40:40 kg NPK/ha)}, RDF+ZnSO4 @ 50 kg/ha (soil application), RDF+FeSO4 @ 50 kg/ha (soil application), RDF+ZnSO4+FeSO4 soil application followed by foliar application (0.50%+1.0%) at 45 DAS] and 5 cultivars (CSH 15R, M 35-1, Phule Chitra, Phule Maulee, Phule Yashoda) were replicated thrice in a factorial randomized block design. External application of micronutrients (Fe and Zn) through fertilizers had no significant effect on growth, yield attributes and grain and fodder yields as compared to RDF alone. Sorghum genotypes differed significantly for Fe and Zn content in grains. Among genotypes, Phule Maulee had the highest Fe (41.59 mg/kg) and Zn (20.80 and 26.42 mg/kg). Sorghum cultivar Phule Maulee with soil application of ZnSO4+FeSO4 each at 50 kg/followed by foliar application (0.50%+1.0%) at 45 DAS along with recommended dose of fertilizer (80:40:40 kg NPK/ha) is recommended for producing micronutrient (Fe and Zn) rich post-rainy sorghum
Relationship between cagA and VacA genotypes of helicobacter pylori and drug resistance

Objective To study the relationship between cagA and VacA genotypes of helicobacter pylori and drug resistance.Methods The tissues from antrum of stomach of the patients with upper gastrointestinal disease were cultivated and tested by drug sensitive experiment.The cagA and VacA genotypes were tested by polymerase chain reaction.At the same time,the serological antibody of these patients was tested also.Results Among 81 drug sensitive HP,the positive rates of cagA and VacA genotypes were 77.8% and 95.1%,respectively.Among other 58 drug resistance HP,the positive rates of cagA and VacA genotypes were 38.8% and 94.8%,respectively.Conclusions There was no relationship between VacA genotypes and drug resistance.The mostly kinds of the drug resistance HP have no cagA genotypes.
Morphological, physical and chemical, characteristics of epicuticular wax on ornamental plants regenerated in vitro

The morphological and physical characteristics of epicuticular wax of Maranta, Dieffenbachia, Chrysanthemum, Spathiphyllum, and Gerbera grown in a greenhouse, growth chamber, or in vitro, were determined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and gravimetric analysis. Morphological characteristics varied among the different species ranging from ridges in Dieffenbachia to smooth surfaces in Chrysanthemum and Gerbera. There was no consistent appearance of wax of plants grown in vitro. Gravimetric analysis was necessary to determine the amounts of wax accurately. Thin-layer chromatography and gas-liquid chromatography revealed chemical differences in the wax from different treatments within each species. There was no correlation between survival in the greenhouse or amount of leaf damage and the amounts of epicuticular wax present on plants at time of transfer. A comparison of results from gravimetric analysis and SEM indicated that SEM alone cannot be used with confidence in determining either the presence or the relative amounts of epicuticular wax present. In addition, morphological differences in epicuticular wax of greenhouse, growth chamber, and cultured plants cannot be predicted from the growth environment of plants and must be determined individually for each species under study.
Mechanical Properties of Apple Skin Are Determined by Epidermis and Hypodermis

The cuticle on the fruit surface functions primarily as a polymeric barrier against water transport and invasion by pathogens. To function as a barrier the cuticle must remain intact. Physical failure of the cuticle results in various surface disorders including russeting and skinspot in apple. The etiology of these disorders reveals that the cell layers underlying the cracked cuticle remain intact. This suggests that the cuticle is mechanically weaker than the underlying tissue. The objective of this study was to investigate the mechanical properties of epidermal segments of the fruit skin (ES) and of isolated cuticular membranes (CM) of apple ( Malus × domestica Borkh.) fruit. Dumbbell shaped ES strips of varying in thickness (range 0.25 to 1.8 mm) and CM strips were prepared and subjected to uniaxial tensile test. Stiffness ( S ), maximum force ( F max ), and strain at F max ( e max ) were quantified. The S and Fm ax were positively related to thickness of the ES but emax was independent to ES thickness. Comparing mechanical properties of strips at 0.5 mm thickness revealed that the S of ES and CM increased continuously from 90 DAFB (days after full bloom) onwards throughout development and subsequent storage. There was no difference in S between ES and CM. The F ma x and e max of ES decreased. Further, the F ma x and e max of ES were markedly higher than those of the CM. Microscopic cracks were observed in the CM of an ES during tensile test before failure of the ES occurred. Our data demonstrate that the epidermal and hypodermal cell layers represent the structural backbone of an apple fruit skin and the CM has only minor mechanical significance.
Life History and Population Characteristics of the Salamander Plethodon kentucki with a Review of Plethodon Life Histories

To determine life history and population characteristics of the Cumberland Plateau woodland salamander (Plethodon kentucki), I conducted a three-yr mark-recapture study on two 225-M2 plots in southeastern Kentucky. I also observed egg clutches deposited by three captive females in the field and laboratory. Individual females reproduced biennially or less frequently; males bred annually. Mean clutch size was 10, and eggs were deposited in July and hatched during October. Hatchlings were 14 to 15 mm snout-vent length (SVL), and average growth was ca. 15, 10 and 6 mm SVL during the 1st, 2nd and 3rd yr of life aboveground. Thereafter growth continued to decline steadily with increasing body size. Growth rate of 2-yr-old juveniles varied significantly among years. Males reached sexual ma- turity at ca. 48 mm SVL (3-4 yr after hatching). Females began depositing eggs at about 52 mm SVL (probably 4-5 yr after hatching). Mean SVL for adult females (56.6 mm) was significantly greater than for adult males (54.1 mm). Jolly-Seber estimates of annual adult survival rate ranged from 0.72 to 0.91. Recapture rates among years showed that 2- and 3-yr- old juveniles had an annual survival rate of at least 0.48 and 0.68, respectively. Some micro- habitats supported significantly higher population densities than others, and densities varied little from year to year. Overall adult sex ratios were around 1:1 or significantly biased toward females, whereas the ratio of males to gravid females was significantly biased toward males in some years. Variation in life history and population characteristics between localities and years demonstrates the necessity of long-term studies on different populations when describ- ing salamander life histories.
Potential new hemipteran vectors of stolbur phytoplasma in Serbian vineyards

The diversity of Auchenorrhyncha species was studied in vineyards affected by ‘bois noir’ (BN) and their surroundings in Serbia. Auchenorrhyncha specimens were collected for identification, statistic analysis and for stolbur phytoplasma presence detection. A total number of collected species was 49, belonging to 8 families. The most numerous was family Cicadellidae with 30 species, followed by Cixiidae (7), Delphacidae (4), Aphrophoridae (3). Families Dictyopharidae, Issidae, Cercopidae and Membracidae were present with only one species. The most abundant species in all inspected sites was Psammotettix alienus (Dahlbom). Dictyophara europaea (L.), Hyalesthes obsoletus Signoret, Euscelis incisus (Kirschbaum) and Reptalus quinquecostatus (Dufour) were numerous, as well. The presence of BN was detected in 4 Auchenorrhyncha species: H. obsoletus, R. quinquecostatus, Reptalus panzeri (Low) and D. europaea. This is the first record of BN phytoplasmas in D. europaea.
Differentiated horizontal cells seem not to be affected by apoptosis during development of the chick retina

Natural occurring cell death has been recognised as a feature of normal vertebrate development (Glucksman, 1951; Saunders, 1966). We have studied the temporal and cellular patterns of cell death in the developing chicken retina using the terminal transferase dUTP nick end-labelling (TUNEL) technique. This technique was combined with other methods to identify dying cells. Fluorescent retrograde tracing of ganglion cells or immunohistochenistry for GABA and TrkA as cell markers were combined with the TUNEL technique. The timing and distribution of dying cells suggest that each neuronal cell type in the retina dies during specific and overlapping periods: ganglion cells first, followed by amacrine cells and bipolar cells. Little cell death could be found among horizontal cells orphotoreceptors. These populations seem to be protected from death. We have previously shown evidence of NGF expression among the horizontal cell population during these stages of development and also a protective role of this factor (Karlsson et al., 2001), which supports the present data.
The effect of AlgaeGreen 200 (cold-process seaweed liquid extract) on the mineral content of 'Bramley's Seedling' apple leaves and fruit.

AlgaeGreen 200 is a plant growth stimulant that is reported to increase yield over a wide range of annual temperate crops. On this basis, the seaweed extract was applied to plots of mature 'Bramley's Seedling' apple trees (Malus pumila Mill.) on M26 rootstocks and compared with the unsprayed control. Both treatments were given full disease protection programmes and standard fertiliser. At-harvest yield and disease parameters were recorded. The AlgaGreen had no effect on disease levels and whilst the overall yield increased, there were no significant differences between the two treatments. Leaf and fruit analysis was undertaken in June, July and September and significant differences were detected between the seaweed-treated plots and the controls. Tissue mineral analysis was performed using an ICP-OES and Kjeldahl analysis for total N. In the case of the leaf tissue, use of the seaweed significantly increased only the levels of lead in the leaves by September. In the case of the fruit, zinc and copper were significantly increased with the use of the seaweed extract in July but only iron was significantly increased at harvest.
Control of Chickpea Wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. Sp. Ciceris with Botanical Extracts and Fungicides

Wilt disease of chickpea caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceris (Foc) is a complex and destructive disease all over the world. The genus Fusarium had many soil borne species which were distributed worldwide and known as plant pathogens International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 5 Number 4 (2016) pp. 360-370 Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas. com
Chromosomes of Six Species of Marine Fishes

SUMMARYSomatic chromosomes from gill epithelia of six species of marine fishes and germinal chrmosomes from testes of two of them have been studied. The diploid complements of all the six species contain 48 gradually seriated chromosomes and thus no size grouping was possible. The karyotypes of Liza oligolepis, L. macrolepis, Lutjanus kasmira and Siganus javus contained only telocentric chromosomes while scatophagus argus and Thysanophrys indicus include one and six pairs of biarmed chromosomes respectively in their complement. Interspecific relationship has been discussed and the role of pericentric inversion and/or centromeric shift has been stressed for the origin of karyotypes of S. argus and T. indicus from ancestral primative karyotype. Indication of the presence of a genetic heterogamety in two species of Liza under study has been suspected.
Mean platelet volume (MPV) as a diagnostic marker in neonatal sepsis

Background: Neonatal sepsis is a frequent and important cause of morbidity and mortality which accounts for one quarter of neonatal deaths. There are very few studies done in India to evaluate the role of MPV as diagnostic marker of neonatal sepsis.Methods: Prospective case control study in a tertiary care hospital. Neonates > 30 weeks gestation admitted to neonatal intensive care unit during the study period of 1 year with clinically suspected were included in the study. Neonates with Septic screen positive and culture positive sepsis were included in group A and normal neonates were included in Group B. MPV was done for all the subjects and values more than 10.2fl was considered positive. Newborns with congenital anomalies and who were already on antibiotics prior to admission were excluded from the study. Statistical analysis was done using Statistical Package of Social Sciences (SPSS) version 17.0. Results: 106 neonates were included in the study. MPV showed statistically significant difference between the study groups (mean 12.8±1.52, 10.82±1.20 respectively) at a cut of value of 10.2fl and a sensitivity of 93%, specificity of 84 % with a positive predictive value of 83% and negative predictive value of 94%. Conclusions: MPV can be used as an adjuvant marker along with established septic screen to ensure early diagnosis and treatment of neonatal sepsis with no additional expense.
Forage chicory and its cultivars and productive performance I Varieties and productivity

This paper summarized cultivars and productive performance of Cichorium intybus. Chicory was a perennial herb that has been popularly cultivated in Europe,its aerial parts were used as a vegetable,pasture,forage,and its root as coffee substitute and raw material of sugar. Chicory as pasture could produce high quantity and quality feed for livestock in many parts of the world. There were many chicory cultivars in China,including Cichorium intybus cv. ‘Puna’,C. intybus cv. ‘Europe’,C.intybus cv. ‘Commander’,C.intybus cv. ‘Oubao’,C.intybus cv. ‘Kuoye’,C.intybus cv. ‘Yifeng’,hybridized F1 Barckoria and C.intybus cv. ‘Chicory’. Most of them were forage and economic crops with a bright prospect associated with high yield and quality characters as favorable adaptability,longer grass supply stage,high nutritive value and digestibility,and better resistance to diseases and insect pests.
Effects of Intercrop Maize and Soybean on Rhizosphere Soil Microbes and Enzyme Activity

The pot experiment was conducted to investigate effects of intercrop maize and soybean on rhizosphere soil microbes and enzyme activity.The results show that the maize aerial biological yield on intercrop maize and soybean soil is 38.73% higher than that on single maize soil at the maize bugle stage and soybean bifurcation stage,the soybean aerial biological yield on intercrop maize and soybean soil is 8.12% lower than that on single soybean soil but there is no significant difference between them.The nutrient availability,microbe number and enzyme activity of rhizosphere soil in the intercropping system are significantly higher than those in the single culture.The soil nutrient utilization rate increases with the increase of rhizosphere nutrient availability and the microbe number and enzyme activity of rhizospere soil affect the rhizosphere nutrient availability.
Collapse

Letters controlled trials (RCTs). However, no RCTs were available (as Eden, and the guidelines to which Pyke refers, note), and we had to content ourselves with observational studies. We should remember that no evidence for safety is not the same as evidence for danger. What is important is that we did not miss any trials. Legal issues worry many doctors, even when decisions are supported by best research evidence,3 but, rather than pose a medicolegal threat, we believe that this evidence-based approach is more likely to protect doctors. Why? Failures in communication are the most common preventable cause for doctors being sued by patients. Yet, taking the trouble to find empirical information such as this and then discussing it with the patient is surely the most effective way of communicating the pros and cons of different treatment strategies (including, we agree, alternatives such as those mentioned by Hitchins). In the end the patient has to decide on the basis of the risks and benefits, and the choice can often be extremely difficult. It is likely to be more dangerous to assume the patient has abdicated this responsibility to the doctor without checking first. Can doctors be sued for a “safe” decision that leaves a patient exposed to unnecessary symptoms? It may be dangerous to assume that doctors can play “safe” in any one direction. Why do experts take exception when non-experts delve in their areas for the best evidence to manage patients? After all, a cat may look at a king. Experts seem to welcome the attention, but seem to think they should be dispensing the information.