Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An implicit three‐dimensional numerical model to simulate transport processes in coastal water bodies

A three-dimensional baroclinic numerical model has been developed to compute water levels and water particle velocity distributions in coastal waters. The numerical model consists of hydrodynamic, transport and turbulence model components. In the hydrodynamic model component, the Navier-Stokes equations are solved with the hydrostatic pressure distribution assumption and the Boussinesq approximation. The transport model component consists of the pollutant transport model and the water temperature and salinity transport models. In this component, the three-dimensional convective diffusion equations are solved for each of the three quantities. In the turbulence model, a two-equation k-e formulation is solved to calculate the kinetic energy of the turbulence and its rate of dissipation, which provides the variable vertical turbulent eddy viscosity. Horizontal eddy viscosities can be simulated by the Smagorinsky algebraic sub grid scale turbulence model. The solution method is a composite finite difference-finite element method. In the horizontal plane, finite difference approximations, and in the vertical plane, finite element shape functions are used. The governing equations are solved implicitly in the Cartesian co-ordinate system. The horizontal mesh sizes can be variable. To increase the vertical resolution, grid clustering can be applied. In the treatment of coastal land boundaries, the flooding and drying processes can be considered. The developed numerical model predictions are compared with the analytical solutions of the steady wind driven circulatory flow in a closed basin and of the uni-nodal standing oscillation. Furthermore, model predictions are verified by the experiments performed on the wind driven turbulent flow of an homogeneous fluid and by the hydraulic model studies conducted on the forced flushing of marinas in enclosed seas.
On two arbitrarily located identical parallel antennas

The conventional problem of two arbitrarily located parallel antennas is solved by using an integral equation technique. The two simultaneous integral equations for the two antennas are first decoupled into two independent integral equations and then solved by an approximate method with currents represented by five trigonometric functions, three for the symmetric and two for the antisymmetric parts. Typical current distributions and input admittances are obtained for half-wave and full-wave antennas in nonstaggered, in 45\deg echelon, and in collinear arrangements. For the nonstaggered case, the results agree with experimental data. For the other two arrangements, no experimental data are yet available. However, the current distribution is also obtained by a numerical method. The two theoretical results agree favorably for all three cases. The five-term method can be extended to a general array of N -parallel elements. This is reserved for a further report.
Photonic and phononic quasicrystals

This review focuses on the peculiarities of quasiperiodic order for the properties of photonic and phononic (sonic) heterostructures. The most beneficial feature of quasiperiodicity is that it can combine perfectly ordered structures with purely point-diffractive spectra of arbitrarily high rotational symmetry. Both are prerequisites for the construction of isotropic band gap composites, in particular from materials with low index contrast, which are required for numerous applications. Another interesting property of quasiperiodic structures is their scaling symmetry, which may be exploited to create spectral gaps in the sub-wavelength regime. This review covers structure/property relationships of heterostructures based on one-dimensional (1D) substitutional sequences such as the Fibonacci, Thue–Morse, period-doubling, Rudin–Shapiro and Cantor sequence as well as on 1D modulated structures, further on 2D tilings with 8-, 10-, 12- and 14-fold symmetry as well as on the pinwheel tiling, the Sierpinski gasket and on curvilinear tilings and, finally, on the 3D icosahedral Penrose tiling.
An Information-Theoretic Alternative to Generalized Method of Moments Estimation

While optimally weighted generalized method of moments (GAM) estimation has desirable large sample properties, its small sample performance is poor in some applications. The authors propose a computationally simple alternative, for weakly dependent data generating mechanisms, based on minimization of the Kullback-Leibler information criterion. Conditions are derived under which the large sample properties of this estimator are similar to GAM, i.e., the estimator will be consistent and asymptotically normal, with the same asymptotic covariance matrix as GAM. In addition, the authors propose overidentifying and parametric restrictions tests as alternatives to analogous GAM procedures.
Dense Cores and Star-Formation Activities in the Chamaeleon Dark-Cloud Complex

We carried out a C 18 0 (J = 1-0) survey for dense molecular cores in the Chamaeleon (Cha) I, II, and III dark clouds with the NANTEN millimeter-wave telescope. The present survey covered ~ 93% of the area where the molecular column density is greater than ~ 4x 10 21 cm -2 , estimated from preceding 13 CO (J = 1-0) observations. We identified 23 C 18 0 cores, whose typical mass, radius, peak column density, line width are 22il4®, 0.22 pc, 9.7 x 10 21 cm -2 , and 0.82 km s" 1 , respectively. The surface density of classical T Tauri stars abruptly increases for the area whose column density is greater than 10 22 cm -2 , suggesting that this value gives a certain threshold value for star formation. The star-formation efficiency varies over a wide range among the three clouds: 13%, 1%, and 0% in Cha I, II, and III, respectively. The C 18 0 cores in Cha I are characterized by (1) a high column density, (2) being almost in virial equilibrium, and (3) a high M core /M c ioud ratio. The cores in Cha III show the opposite trend, and those in Cha II are in between. Such trends suggest that Cha I is a well-evolved or well gravitationally relaxed cloud-core system, which is probably related to the very high star-formation activity in the cloud.
Chandra study of the eclipsing M dwarf binary, YY Gem

The eclipsing M dwarf binary system, YY Gem, was observed using Chandra covering 140 ks (2Prot) in total, split into two even exposures separated by 0.76 d (0.94 Prot). The system was extremely active: three energetic flares were observed over the course of these observations. The flaring and non-flaring states of the system are analysed in this paper. The activity level increased between the first and second observations even during the quiescent (non-flaring) phases. An analysis of the dynamics of the X-ray-emitting plasma suggests that both components are significantly active. Contemporaneous Hα spectra also suggest that both components show similar levels of activity. The primary star is the likely source of at least two of the flares. From a detailed analysis of the flare emission at the maximum temperature and maximum density with single loop flare models, we find loop lengths of ∼0.7R*, 1.5R* and 1.8R*. All of these flares are strongly associated with hot (>10 MK) X-ray emission which appears to predominantly trace the orbital motion of the primary star. The two largest flaring loops are similar to the largest sizes reported in other active M stars and span nearly half the interbinary system; this may indicate magnetospheric interaction between the binary star coronae. We discuss the time and spectral resolution requirements that are necessary to recover detailed information about coronal structure from the X-ray spectra in similar cool star systems.
Coronal restructuring and electron acceleration following a filament eruption

We present a multi wavelength observation of a (cid:12)lament eruption occurring on September 2nd 1999. The slow pre{event evolution of the (cid:12)lament ends with energy release signaled by a faint radio burst observed with the Nan(cid:24)cay Radioheliograph and a faint LDE. The restructuring of a large area around the site of the eruption was monitored both with soho / eit observations as well as with the radio data. A moving noise storm occurred in the vicinity of the initial radio burst in coincidence with a faint coronal brightening observed with the lasco coronagraph; no Coronal Mass Ejection was seen. On a smaller energetic scale, this event presents several manifestations of coronal disturbances observed in many CME associated events. Finally, it makes the link between previous studies on noise storm onsets and coronal restructuring.
Clinical value of molecular MRD monitoring by next-generation sequencing in patients with IDH2 mutated AML

Evgenii Shumilov, Johanna Flach, Raphael Joncourt, Naomi Porret, Gertrud Wiedemann, Urban Novak, Eva Gfeller, Barbara Jeker, Ursula Amstutz, Thomas Pabst and Ulrike Bacher Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, University Medicine G€ottingen (UMG), G€ottingen, Germany; Department of Hematology and Oncology, Medical Faculty Mannheim of the Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany; University Department of Hematology and Central Hematology Laboratory, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland; Department of Medical Oncology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland; Center of Laboratory Medicine (ZLM)/University Institute of Clinical Chemistry, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland
A new determination of the proton-to-deuteron ratio of magnetic moments

Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy of hydrogen deuteride (HD) is an attractive tool for a determination of the proton-to-deuteron ratio of magnetic moments. Potentially, it may provide a result an order of magnitude more accurate than the present value based on the study of atomic hydrogen and deuterium. NMR spectroscopy does not deal with single molecules but with a molecular gas and here we study the pressure dependence of the results.PACS Nos.: 12.20Ds, 21.20Ky, 27.10+h, 31.30Gs, 76.60Cq, 82.56Hg
Space-time topology and spontaneous symmetry breaking

Spontaneous symmetry breaking of a gauge theory with topological charge is studied in an arbitrary space-time. Sets of relations on the topological charges are found which, if not satisfied, inhibit the symmetry breaking from that particular sector. Different solutions to these relations correspond to a symmetry breaking into topologically inequivalent gauge sectors of the residual symmetry group.
Mid-infrared rotational line emission from interstellar molecular hydrogen

The line emission from the v = 0-0 S(0), S(2), and S(3), and the v = 1-0 and v = 2-1 S(1) transitions of molecular hydrogen in clouds exposed to high FUV fluxes and in shocks is modeled. Particular attention is given to the lowest pure rotational H2 transitions at 20 and 17 microns, respectively. It is found that, in photodissociation regions (PDRs), the emission comes from warm (greater than about 100 k) molecular gas, situated at optical depths greater than about 1, beyond the hot atomic surface layer of the clouds. For FUV fields, G0 = 1000 to 100,000 times the average interstellar field densities n = 10 exp 3 - 10 exp 7/cu cm, the typical line intensities are in the range 10 exp -6 to 10 exp -4 ergs/s sq cm sr. The predictions for the line intensities from both C-type and J-type shock models are compared. The results are applied to recent observations of the 0-0 S(1) transition in both the PDR and the shocked gas in Orion.
Residual-strength determination in polymetric materials

Kinetic theory of crack growth is used to predict the residual strength of polymetric materials acted upon by a previous history. Specifically, the kinetic theory is used to characterize the state of growing damage that occurs under a constant‐stress (load) state. The load is removed before failure under creep‐rupture conditions, and the residual instantaneous strength is determined from the theory by taking account of the damage accumulation under the preceding constant‐load history. The rate of change of residual strength is found to be strongest when the duration of the preceding load history is near the ultimate lifetime under that condition. Physical explanations for this effect are given, as are numerical examples. Also, the theoretical prediction is compared with experimental data.
A new model of cometary ionospheres

The coupled continuity, momentum, and energy equations were solved for ionospheric conditions appropriate for comet Halley at 1 AU. The numerical scheme used is such that any shock transition appears naturally in the solution and no a priori assumptions are necessary. Solutions were obtained for a number of different assumptions concerning electron heating rates, but all showed that the electron temperatures increase rapidly and significantly at a distance from the nucleus where collisional electron-neutral cooling becomes unimportant. This temperature increase is accompanied by a sharp increase in both the plasma pressure and its associated polarization electric field, causing the supersonic plasma flow to go subsonic. It is not clear at this time whether or not this sonic transition is accompanied by a shock.
Charge trapping studies in SiO2 using high current injection from Si‐rich SiO2 films

The high electron injection phenomenon of Si‐rich SiO2 films deposited on top of SiO2 can be used for novel charge trapping studies of sites normally present or purposely introduced in the SiO2. From the position and extent of current ledges observed in dark current as a function of ramped gate voltage, the capture cross section and total number of traps can be determined. Using these measurements with capacitance as a function of gate voltage, the trap distribution centroid and number of trapped charges can also be found. Several experimental examples are given including trapping in thermal SiO2, in chemically vapor deposited (CVD) SiO2, and on W, less than a monolayer thick, sandwiched between thermal and CVD SiO2. These stepped insulator metal‐insulator‐silicon (SI‐MIS) ramp I‐V results for the trapping parameters are shown to be in good agreement with those determined using the conventional photo I‐V and avalanche injection with flat‐band voltage tracking techniques. A numerical simulation of the ramp.
Ratios of Bessel Functions and Roots of αJν(x) + xJ′ν(x) = 0

Abstract Derivatives with respect to order ν and argument x of the ratio J ν ( x )/ J ν + 1 ( x ) of Bessel functions are studied for all real values of ν and x . Our results generalize and sharpen previously known results, and allow the deduction of a more complete description, including monotonicity and multiplicity, of the positive roots of the equation α J ν ( x ) + xJ ′ ν ( x ) = 0 for all real ν and α.
A multi‐moment transport model on cubed‐sphere grid

A conservative, single‐cell‐based semi‐Lagrangian transport model is proposed in this paper. Using multi‐moment concept, an additional moment, i.e. volume‐integrated average (VIA), is treated as the model variable besides the point value (PV) updated in the traditional semi‐Lagrangian schemes. A quadratic interpolation function is constructed based on local degrees of freedom defined within each single cell. The PV moment is advanced by the semi‐Lagrangian formulation, whereas the VIA moment is updated by a finite volume formulation to rigorously ensure the numerical conservation. The numerical fluxes are computed from the PV moments defined along the boundary edges of the control volume. The scheme is extended to the spherical geometry through the application of the cubed‐sphere grid that eliminates the polar singularity in the conventional longitude/latitude coordinates by using the quasi‐uniform grid spacing covering the whole sphere. The single‐cell‐based scheme is well suited for the treatment of the connections between different patches. A simple quasi‐monotone limiter to the PV moment is applied to suppress non‐physical oscillations. The proposed scheme has been validated via representative benchmark tests and the performance is competitive to other existing transport schemes. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mechanisms of the Northward Movement of Submonthly Scale Vortices over the Bay of Bengal during the Boreal Summer

Abstract Mechanisms of the northward movement of submonthly scale vortices over the Bay of Bengal during the boreal summer (May–September) are studied with the use of a vorticity budget analysis applied to the ECMWF 40-yr Re-Analysis (ERA-40) data. To quantitatively evaluate the contribution from each term that constitutes the vorticity anomaly equation to the movement of the vortices, a vector measure, termed the forcing vector (FV), is used in the present study. Because the axis of the submonthly scale relative vorticity anomaly does not tilt meridionally below the 200-hPa level, the mechanisms of the northward movement of a composite submonthly scale vortex integrated from the surface to the 100-hPa level [the barotropic component (BTC)] are studied. The barotropic vortex moves northwestward, with northward speeds of 0.9° day−1. The meridional component of the FV (MFV), which represents the contribution to the meridional component of the movement, reveals that the primary and secondary terms that contr.
equidistribution de mesures algébriques

let g be an algebraic group, $\gamma$ an arithmetic lattice of g and $x=\gamma\backslash g$. if h is an algebraic subgroup of g such that $h\cap \gamma$ is a lattice of h, then $\gamma\backslash \gamma h\subset x$ is endowed with a canonical h-invariant probability measure $\mu_h$. using ratner's theory, we give general examples where $\mu_{h_n}$ converges weakly to $\mu_g$ if hn is a strict sequence of algebraic subgroups of g. if $\gamma$ is a congruence subgroup of g, we define another probability measure $\mu_h^a$ on x by using the adelic description of the quotient. we conjecture that $\mu_{h_n}^a$ always converges weakly to $\mu_g$ if hn is a strict sequence. using automorphic forms and l-functions, we describe the case $g=\textit{sl}(2,f)$ for a number field f and a sequence of tori hn. the relation with similar problems on shimura varieties is explained.
“Generalization of the durbin-watson statistic for higher order autoregressive processes

The Durbin-Watson statistic is used for testing the first order serial correlation among residuals in a linear model. It is based on the residuals from a corresponding regression analysis. In this paper a generalization of the statistic which tests for higher order dependence among residuals is proposed. The paper gives a brief review of the Durbin-Watson theory and the construction of the corresponding significance tables based on Jacobi orthogonal polynomials and the beta density. The distribution of the Durbin-Watson statistic based on Tmhof's distribution of Quadratic forms is indicated as an alternative method of directly computing the distribution function of the Durbin-Watson statistic, as well as its generalization, Significance values for 5 percent level of significance for lags 2 to 4 are given in Table II.
A note on the shape of the generalized c-numerical range

Let C=(cij )∈Mk(C), and let be a complex Hilbert space of dimension greater than or equal to k. Let be a bounded linear operator. The C-numerical range of T, denoted by Wc (T), is defined to be the set of points obtained by letting (e 1,…,ek ) vary over the set of all orthonormal k-tuples in . Many results concerning the shape of the C-numerical range have been obtained when C is normal, but few results are known about the shape of the C-numerical range in general. In this note we consider the shape of the C-numerical range. In particular, along with noting that the C-numerical range of an operator T is path-connected, we show that, in the case when is a complex infinite-dimensional Hilbert space, the closure of the C-numerical range of an operator T is star-shaped with respect to the set (trC)We (T), where We (T) denotes the essential numerical range of T. 1
Radial spreading of viscous-gravity currents with solidifying crust

We have investigated the effect of a solidifying crust on the dynamics and surface morphology of radial viscous-gravity currents. Liquid polyethylene glycol was admitted into the base of a tank filled with cold sucrose solution maintained at a temperature below the wax freezing point. As the radial current advanced away from the inlet, its surface solidified and deformed through a combination of folding and fracturing. For the warmest experiments, during which solidification did not occur, the radius of the current increased in proportion to the square root of time, as demonstrated both experimentally and theoretically for isothermal viscous fluids by Huppert (1982). When cooling was sufficiently rapid, solid crust formed and caused the spreading rate to decrease. A cooling model combining conduction in the wax with convection in the sucrose solution predicts the distance from the source at which the solid crust first appeared Progressively colder experiments revealed a sequence of surface morphologies which resembled features observed on cooling lava flows and lava lakes. Flows in which crust formed very slowly developed marginal levees which contained and channelled the main portion of the current. Colder flows with more rapid crust growth formed regularly spaced surface folds, multi-armed rift structures complete with shear offsets, and bulbous lobate forms similar to pillow lavas seen under the ocean. The same transitions between modes of surface deformation were also generated by keeping the ambient water temperature constant and decreasing the extrusion rate. This demonstration that surfaces can exhibit a well-defined sequence of morphologies which depend on the underlying flow conditions offers the prospect of more successful interpretation of natural lava flows.
Well‐posedness theory for hyperbolic conservation laws

The paper presents a well-posedness theory for the initial value problem for a general system of hyperbolic conservation laws. We will start with the refinement of Glimm's existence theory and discuss the principle of nonlinear through wave tracing. Our main goal is to introduce a nonlinear functional for two solutions with the property that it is equivalent to the L1(x) distance between the two solutions and is time-decreasing. Moreover, the functional is constructed explicitly in terms of the wave patterns of the solutions through the nonlinear superposition. It consists of a linear term measuring the L1(x) distance, a quadratic term measuring the coupling of waves and distance, and a generalized entropy functional. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.