Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Sociodemographic variables and prejudices perception from disabled people

: People with disabilities face numerous social barriers, including prejudices, defined as hostile and aversive attitudes towards members of a stigmatized group. The prejudice ’ s perception among people with disabilities may be a function of sociodemographic variables, however, only a few studies have deepened such differences in the experience of people with disabilities, especially in the Mexican context. The present study examines the opinions of 5145 people with disabilities through the Encuesta Nacional de Discriminación (ENADIS) 2017 (National Survey about Discrimination) by age, sex, socioeconomic level, location size and the Human Development Index (HDI). The confirmatory factor analysis shows two factors: in-group and out-group prejudices. Results in the comparisons reveal that the elderly, people with low sociodemographic status, and those living in locations with low HDI face higher means of prejudice on the total and in-group scales. The impact of aging and the availability of social services on the perception of prejudice by people with disabilities is discussed.
Comparative Study of Neonatal Hypothermia and its Associated Factors Among Neonates in Rural and, Urban of Shebadino Woreda, Sidama Region, South Ethiopia: A Community-Based Comparative Cross-Sectional Study

Introduction: Hypothermia is one of the major causes of new-born death, particularly in low-income nations. This was due to poor thermal care in most of the rural communities. There is no such previous community based comparative study. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the prevalence and factors associated with neonatal hypothermia among neonates in rural and urban of Shebadino woreda Sidama region, Ethiopia. Method: A comparative community-based cross-sectional study design was employed on 682 neonates in Shebadino Woreda, Sidama Region South Ethiopia 2023. A multistage sampling technique was employed, and the collected data were manually cleaned, coded, entered into EpiData version 4.6 before exported to SPSS version 26 software for analysis. Variables with a p-value <0.25 in bi-variable logistic regression were further analysed using multivariable logistic regression. The odds ratio (OR) with 95% CI was used as a measure of association, and variables that had a p-value less than 0.05 in the multivariable logistic regression were considered as signi ﬁ cantly associated variables Result: The overall prevalence of neonatal hypothermia in this study was 51.8% (95% CI: 47.2%-56.3%). The prevalence of neonatal hypothermia was higher among rural neonates, 55.1% when compared to those of urban neonates 48.6%. Bathing before 24 hr. (AOR = 3.64, 95% CI: 1.39, 7.16), Placing a cold object near babies’ head (AOR =2.97, 95% CI: 1.75, 5.03), Neonates who were given traditional medication (Amessa) (AOR=1.83 % CI; 1.04-3.20) and, not separated humans and animals house (AOR =1.75, 95%, 1.05-2.91) were significantly associated with neonatal hypothermia in rural, while Night time delivery (AOR =1.81, CI: 1.01-5.62), Neonates who were given traditional medication (Amessa) (AOR=3.11 % CI; 1.85-5.21), and Placing a cold object near babies’ head (AOR=2.40, 95% CI: 1.37, 3.29¬ were significantly associated with neonatal hypothermia among urban neonates Conclusion: The prevalence of neonatal hypothermia in the study area was relatively high in rural then urban. Therefore, attention is needed for strict adherence to cost-effective thermal care such as warming the room, separating humans and animals house, teaching not to put cold objects near babies, giving special care for new-borns for those delivered from women with medical problems and giving priority for those delivered at night.
Exploring the Six Worlds of Gr¨obner Basis Cryptanalysis: Application to Anemoi

Gr¨obner basis cryptanalysis of hash functions and ciphers, and their underlying permutations, has seen renewed interest recently. Anemoi (Crypto’23) is a permutation-based hash function that is arithmetization-friendly, i.e., efficient for a variety of arithmetizations used in zero-knowledge proofs. In this paper, exploring both theoretical bounds as well as experimental validation, we present new complexity estimates for Gr¨obner basis attacks on the Anemoi permutation over prime fields. We cast our findings in what we call the six worlds of Gr¨obner basis cryptanalysis. As an example, keeping the same security arguments of the design, we conclude that at least 23 / 45 instead of 17 / 33 rounds would need to be used for 128 / 256-bit security before adding a security margin.
The Impact of Sustainable Finance and Agriculture Growth on Poverty Alleviation: The Role of Digital Agriculture in Vietnam

The challenges posed by high population and poverty levels require the focused attention of researchers and policymakers. This article examines the effects of sustainable finance, agricultural growth, and digital agriculture on poverty reduction in Vietnam. The study used population growth as the control variable in order to make predictions about poverty alleviation. The article utilised secondary data obtained from reputable sources like the World Development Indicators (WDI) and the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), spanning the years 1991 to 2022. The article employed the dynamic autoregressive distributed lag (DARDL) model to analyse the relationship between various constructs. The findings indicate that sustainable finance
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One of the ﬁ rst environmental cues sensed by a microbe as it enters a human host is an upshift in temperature to 37°C. In this dynamic time point analysis, we demonstrate that this environmental transition rapidly signals a multitude of gene expression changes in Escherichia coli . Bacteria grown at 23°C under aerobic conditions were shifted to 37°C, and mRNA expression was measured at time points after the shift to 37°C ( t = 0.5, 1, and 4 h). The ﬁ rst hour is characterized by a transient shift to anaerobic respiration strategies and stress responses, particularly acid resistance, indicating that temperature serves as a sentinel cue to predict and prepare for various niches within the host. The temperature effects on a subset of stress response genes were shown to be mediated by RpoS and directly correlated with RpoS, DsrA, and RprA levels, and increased acid resistance was observed that was dependent on 23°C growth and RpoS. By 4 h, gene expression shifted to aerobic respiration pathways and decreased stress responses, coupled with increases in genes associated with biosynthesis (amino acid and nucleotides), iron uptake, and host defense. ompT , a gene that confers resistance to antimicrobial peptides, was highly thermoregulated, with a pattern conserved in enteropathogenic and uropathogenic E. coli strains. An immediate decrease in curli gene expression concomitant with an increase in ﬂ agellar gene expression implicates temperature in this developmental decision. Together, our studies demonstrate that temperature signals a reprogramming of gene expression immediately upon an upshift that may predict, prepare, and bene ﬁ t the survival of the bacterium within the host. IMPORTANCE As one of the ﬁ rst cues sensed by the microbe upon entry into a human host, understanding how bacteria like E. coli modulate gene expression in response to temperature improves our understanding of how bacteria immediately initiate responses bene ﬁ cial for survival and colonization. For pathogens, understanding the various pathways of thermal regulation could yield valuable targets for anti-infective chemotherapeutic drugs or disinfection measures. In addition, our data provide a dynamic examination of the RpoS stress response, providing genome-wide support for how temperature impacts RpoS through changes in RpoS stability and modulation by small regulatory RNAs.
PCL/Fe3O4 magnetic electrospun yarn composites as a novel nanomaterial for biomedical applications

Magnetic composite structures were fabricated by embedding iron oxide nanoparticles (Fe3O4) into polycaprolactone (PCL) nanofibers through an electrospinning process. The PCL nanofibers incorporating 0.5 and 1 wt. % Fe3O4 were electrospun with various yarn and membrane architectures. SEM images of the fabricated fibers revealed diameter increment by raising the Fe3O4 proportion. Additionally, elongation at break, in tandem with the ultimate strength of the electrospun PCL yarn was improved by 63 and 67% through embedding 0.5 and 1 wt. % Fe3O4, respectively. The saturation magnetization results depended on the number of magnetic nanoparticles loaded in the electrospun fibers, as well as the architectural design of the electrospun fibers. The magnetic response of the fibrous yarns was enhanced by increasing the Fe3O4 mass fraction from 0.5 to 1 wt. %. The highest saturation magnetization of 5.38 emu/g was obtained for the electrospun yarn containing 1 wt. % Fe3O4, corroborating 13.6 times greater features than that of the fibrous membrane with a similar chemical composition. The obtained results implied that the as-spun fibrous yarn could be a great candidate as a surgical suture with the release capability of bioactive agents under a magnetic field.
Regional validation of the solar irradiance tool SolaRes in clear-sky conditions, with a focus on the aerosol module

The objective of the paper is to validate SolaRes (Solar Resource estimate) in clear-sky conditions, and to examine the aerosol influence on the differences between observation and estimate. SolaRes has the ambition to fulfil both research and industrial applications exploiting downwelling solar radiation at surface level. Consistently with solar resource applications, we show the capacity of SolaRes to reproduce the angular behaviour of the angular field, by validating not only global horizontal irradiance (GHI), but also direct normal irradiance (DNI), diffuse horizontal irradiance (DifHI), global and diffuse irradiance in tilted plane (GTI, DifTI), and even the circumsolar contributions. Computations are made with the SMART-G radiative transfer code, taking spectral aerosol optical thickness (AOT) data sets as input, which are delivered by the Aerosol Robotic network (AERONET) and the Copernicus Atmospheric Monitoring Service (CAMS). A mixture of two aerosol models is required to compute aerosol optical properties. Measurements for validation are made at two sites in Northern France. Clear-sky is identified by two methods to show its influence: 1) a method reproducing the AOT variability conditions, and 2) a stricter method eliminating some residual cloud influence but also conditions with largest AOT . SolaRes is validated according to comparison scores found in the literature, with the (relative) root mean square difference (RMSD) in GHI as low as 1%, and the mean bias difference (MBD) which could be 0%. Angular behaviour is reproduced with satisfying scores. The circumsolar contribution
Research · Science Forschung · Wissenschaft Recherche · Science

The bond stability between dentin and filling material is the major challenge in modern adhesive techniques. A resin-dentin bond created by the etch-and-rinse technique considerably loses strength within 0.5 to 5 years. This may lead to secondary caries, hypersensitivity and finally loss of restorations. The decrease in bond strength is mainly due to two factors which are related to the collagen network of dentin and its constituent matrix-metalloproteinases (MMPs). Firstly, the collagen fibres exposed by the etching process using 37% phosphoric acid may not be completely infiltrated by subsequently applied adhesive bonding agents. In consequence, a thin layer of exposed, but non-infiltrated collagen remains at the bottom of the hybrid layer, resulting in nanoleakage. Secondly, this non-infiltrated collagen contains active MMPs that may degrade collagen by hydrolysis. Within dentin, these enzymes physiologically are inactive, but they become activated by phosphoric acid and acidic components of bonding agents. As a result, the hybrid layer disintegrates and the bond strength gradually diminishes. However, when chlorhexidine is used as a therapeutic primer following the etching process using 37% phosphoric acid, MMPs are inhibited in a non-specific manner, such that both the hybrid layer and the dentin bond strength are supposed to be preserved for a longer time period. Based on the studies included in this literature review, the use of a pure aqueous solution of 0.2% chlorhexidine as an additional therapeutic primer can be recommended for etch-and-rinse systems.
Characteristics and Performance of Agricultural Households Diversifying to High Value Crops: Evidence from Rural India

A plethora of empirical studies from Africa, Asia and Southeast Asia have shown that diversification to high value crops (HVC) is a win-win strategy in terms of its significant positive effects, inter alia , on income, employment, food and nutritional security and gender equality. Crop diversification also helps in environmental protection and adaptation to climate change; checks degradation of natural resources including soils and contributes towards attaining eight out of the seventeen sustainable development goals. It is, therefore, important to understand salient characteristics and performance of agricultural households diversifying to such crops to devise suitable strategies to promote crop diversification. This study, using data from situation assessment surveys of 2012-13 and 2018-19, brings out distinguishing characteristics of households diversifying to HVCs and compares their performance in terms of net returns, household income, and consumption expenditure, extent of income inequality and incidence of poverty with non-diversifiers.
Teachers’ Research Competence and Engagement: Basis for Research Development Plan

Teachers’ research and competence posited complementary synergy theorizing that teachers with higher research competence are engaged in research pursuits relevant to professional growth within the context of education. This research addressed six key objectives by profiling respondents, assessing teachers’ competence on framing questions and data collection, identifying literature and theoretical knowledge, and analyzing and presenting research data, and research engagement levels on motivation to write research, and difficulty in conducting research, determining significant relationships between competence and engagement, exploring the correlation between engagement and respondents’ profiles, and designing a research development plan. Employing an adapted survey questionnaire using a universal sampling method, 391 teachers across the two districts in the Division of El Salvador City were surveyed during the School Year 2023–2024. Statistical tools such as means, frequency, standard deviation, Pearson-r, and triangulations were applied for data analysis. Findings indicated a positive correlation between teachers’ research competence and engagement. A significant relationship was identified between engagement and moderating variables like related training and position. Despite the teachers being competent and engaged, their research work was hindered by the number of coordinatorships they handled. It is important to emphasize the research competence and engagement for educational improvement as it illuminates the current state of teachers’ research skills and lays the groundwork for a targeted Research Development Plan.
Efficacy of neuroendoscopic-assisted surgery in the management of symptomatic sacral perineural (Tarlov) cysts: a technical report

Introduction The Tarlov cysts are pathological enlargements of the cerebrospinal fluid spaces between the endoneurium and perineurium, which can cause intolerable sciatic pain, motor impairment of lower limbs, and bladder/bowel dysfunction. Currently, the treatment results are unsatisfactory due to the low cure rates and extensive surgical trauma. Thus, there is an ongoing exploration of surgical techniques for Tarlov treatment. In the current study, we present a novel neuroendoscopic-assisted technique that combines the fenestration, leakage sealing, and tamponade of the Tarlov cyst. Methods Between January 2020 and December 2021, a total of 32 Tarlov patients were enrolled and received neuroendoscopic-assisted surgery. Their pre- and post-surgical Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) scores, major complaints, and MR imaging were recorded for comparison. Results 27 of 32 patients (84.4%) patients demonstrated immediate pain relief as their VAS scores decreased from 5.6 ± 1.5 to 2.5 ± 1.1 (p < 0.01) on the first day after surgery. At the 3-month follow-up, the patients' average VAS score continued to decrease (1.94 ± 0.8). Meanwhile, saddle paresthesia, urinary incontinence, and constipation were relieved in 6 (50%), 4 (80%), and 5 (41.7%), respectively, according to patients self-report. No surgical-related complication was observed in any of the cases. Discussion We conclude that neuroendoscopic-assisted surgery is an effective surgical method for symptomatic Tarlov cysts with minimized complications.
The Simultaneous Observations of Nighttime Ionospheric E Region Irregularities and F Region Medium‐Scale Traveling Ionospheric Disturbances in Midlatitude China

Coupling of ionospheric E and F regions in the midlatitude region has been studied for a couple of years. In this study, we investigate the nighttime disturbances in E and F regions in midlatitude China region by using Wuhan ionosonde, Wuhan very high frequency coherent scatter radar, and Mengcheng airglow imager. We present two case studies of simultaneous observations of diffuse sporadic E (Es) layers, quasiperiodic echoes of E region irregularities, spread F, and medium‐scale traveling ionospheric disturbances. Results of case studies indicate that diffuse Es layers and E region irregularities can be associated with the F region medium‐scale traveling ionospheric disturbances or spread F through polarization electric field mapping along the field lines. We then analyze the data set of Wuhan ionosonde and Wuhan very high frequency radar during 2015–2016 and find that the coincidence of diffuse Es layers, quasiperiodic echoes of E region irregularities, and spread F is high at local nighttime. Our results provide the first observational evidence in midlatitude China region to support the concept that polarization electric field generated in the E region irregularities could map along the magnetic field lines and excite electrodynamic disturbances in F region, such as Perkins instability.
Cannabidiol usage, efficacy, and side effects: analyzing the impact of health conditions, medications, and cannabis use in a cross-sectional online pilot study

Background Products containing cannabidiol (CBD) are attracting attention because of their potential therapeutic benefits and positive impacts on well-being and mental health. Although additional research is needed to understand their effectiveness in treating mental disorders, cross-sectional studies may help identify the factors influencing CBD use patterns. This study examined the impact of variables such as health status, medication use, medical supervision, gender, age, and cannabis use on CBD consumption patterns. Materials and methods A self-selected sample (n =267) of current or former CBD users was recruited via social media and participated in an online survey designed to collect data on basic demographics, health status, cannabis use, and CBD usage patterns. Results The sample (n = 267) consisted of 68.5% women with an average age of 30.21 years, of which 25.8% reported diagnosed psychiatric disorders and 49.4% reported cannabis use. The top five reasons for using CBD were self-reported stress (65.3%), sleep problems (51.7%), overall improvement in well-being (52.5%), improved mood (44.9%), and anxiety relief (40.9%). Our findings suggest that individuals with psychiatric disorders and those taking psychotropic medications are more likely to use CBD to relieve stress and anxiety. Overall, nearly 70% of the individuals found CBD products to be effective. Sublingual administration was more popular among non-cannabis users, while cannabis users preferred smoking and vaping to CBD administration. Conclusion Our results indicate that individuals using CBD for health and wellness reasons believe that it has potential health benefits. Further research using rigorous longitudinal designs is needed to delve deeper into the effectiveness of low-dose CBD and to better understand the therapeutic potential of CBD.
Estimation of Turbulent Heat Fluxes by Assimilation of Land Surface Temperature Observations From GOES Satellites Into an Ensemble Kalman Smoother Framework

In different studies, land surface temperature (LST) observations have been assimilated into the variational data assimilation (VDA) approaches to estimate turbulent heat fluxes. The VDA methods yield accurate turbulent heat fluxes, but they need an adjoint model, which is difficult to derive and code. They also cannot directly calculate the uncertainty of their estimates. To overcome the abovementioned drawbacks, this study assimilates LST data from Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite into the ensemble Kalman smoother (EnKS) data assimilation system to estimate turbulent heat fluxes. EnKS does not need to derive the adjoint term and directly generates statistical information on the accuracy of its predictions. It uses the heat diffusion equation to simulate LST. EnKS with the state augmentation approach finds the optimal values for the unknown parameters (i.e., evaporative fraction and neutral bulk heat transfer coefficient, CHN) by minimizing the misfit between LST observations from Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite and LST estimations from the heat diffusion equation. The augmented EnKS scheme is tested over six Ameriflux sites with a wide range of hydrological and vegetative conditions. The results show that EnKS can predict not only the model parameters and turbulent heat fluxes but also their uncertainties over a variety of land surface conditions. Compared to the variational method, EnKS yields suboptimal turbulent heat fluxes. However, suboptimality of EnKS is small, and its results are comparable to those of the VDA method. Overall, EnKS is a feasible and reliable method for estimation of turbulent heat fluxes.