Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The intrathecal, polyspecific and oligoclonal immune response in multiple sclerosis

We report an extended set of neuroimmunological data detected in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from n=267 patients with definite multiple sclerosis (MS). Known frequencies of oligoclonal IgG (98%), frequencies of intrathecal fractions of IgG, IgA and IgM (72%, 9% and 20%, respectively) were confirmed and quantitated as intrathecal fractions, IgIF or CSF concentrations, IgLoc. Eighty-nine per cent of the patients had a combined `MRZ-reaction', i.e. intrathecal antibody synthesis (Antibody Index, AI > 1.4) against measles, rubella and/or varicella zoster virus. Frequencies of single antibodies decreased from measles (78%) to rubella (60%), VZV (55%) and HSV (28%). This MRZ-reaction, indicating a chronic autoimmune type disease already at time of first clinical symptoms, is less sensitive but more specific than detection of oligoclonal IgG. With increasing intrathecal IgG synthesis the number of different locally synthesized antibody species were increased as well as the amount per species (increased mean AI values). The concentration of MRZ antibodies in CSF represents together about 2% of intrathecally synthesized total IgG. But, as a very particular result the ratio of intrathecally synthesized specific antibody/intrathecally synthesized JgG was 5-fold higher (0.24-0.85%) compared to the corresponding ratio in blood (0.06-0.17%) of MS patients. This difference between brain ratio and blood ratio is discussed to be indicative for the anti-MRZ antibody forming B-lymphocyte subset in blood migrating into brain at earlier time of pathophysiological start of disease. These results give a concise explanation of neuroimmunological aspects in MS, not understood so far.
When the wind goes out of the sail – declining recovery expectations in the first weeks of back pain

Expectations for recovery are a known predictor for returning to work. Most studies seem to conclude that the higher the expectancy the better the outcome. However, the development of expectations over time is rarely researched and experimental studies show that realistic expectations rather than high expectancies are the most adaptive. This study aims to explore patterns of stability and change in expectations for recovery during the first weeks of a back‐pain episode and how these patterns relate to other psychological variables and outcome.
6 Conflict , Diversity , and Faultlines in Workgroups

A growing body of research in organizational psychology has, in recent years, addressed the interplay between conflict, group composition (social category and informational diversity), and the effectiveness of organizational teams. This chapter will review and compare dispersion theories of group composition (e.g., heterogeneity) and alignment theories (e.g., faultline theory) as they explain group conflict (task conflict, relationship conflict, and process conflict). We do this by reviewing the typology of conflict types and focus, in addition to task and relationship conflict, on process conflict in workgroups. We then distinguish between dispersion theories of group composition (e.g., heterogeneity) and alignment theories (e.g., faultlines). We also delineate between the bases of group composition; that is, we distinguish diversity and alignment based on social category characteristics (e.g., race, gender, and age) and information-based characteristics (e.g., work experience and education). We propose that a better understanding of the various types of group diversity possible in teams
Performance analysis of cognitive radio networks over к-μ fading channel with noise uncertainty

In order to be able to perform a Spectrum Sensing in a reliably manner we must take in consideration a physical fading model which will fit with the reality presented. In this work we analyze the energy detection characteristics over a generalized fading channel, modeled by the κ-μ distribution. Admitting the noise power estimation error, the worst-case of the probabilities of miss detection and false-alarm, due to the noise uncertainty, are derived under the spectrum utilization constraint. An optimal threshold selection is presented in order to allow the energy detector to operate in regions of low SNR. Field measurements are used to investigate in practice the usefulness of the κ-μ fading channel in cooperative spectrum sensing scenarios. Comparisons are performed against Rice fading model where it is possible to notice a great advantage in using the κ-μ distribution to describe the fading channel.
Mechanical demands and pacing profile adopted by elite mountain bikers during different cross-country events

Different competitive environments appears to affect the physical demands during the sports competitions. Thus, the aim of this study was to report the mechanical demand and pacing behaviour of twelve male elite mountain bikers on cross-country short track (XCC) and cross-country Olympic (XCO). During both competition, total race time, speed, power output (PO) and cadence (CA) were recorded. As the race time in the XCC is shorter (21.0 ± 0.5 vs 84.0 ± 3.0 min; p<0.01), the average speed (26.6 ± 0.6 vs 17.8 ± 0.6 km/h; p<0.01), PO (365.0 ± 26.7 vs 301.0 ± 26.2 watts; p<0.01) and CA (81.2 ± 4.7 vs 77.4 ± 4.3 rev∙min−1; p=0.01) were higher than the XCO. While a variable pacing was adopted during XCC, a positive profile was adopted in XCO. In addition, athletes adopted a more conservative starting pace during XCC (below average race speed) but a faster start during XCO (above average race speed). These findings demonstrated that mechanical parameters and pacing profile adopted by cyclists are different between XCC and XCO. Therefore, mountain bikers and coaches must develop specific strategy and training methods in order to obtain success in each competition.
Lipid oxidation and organoleptic response during shelf storage of some smoked marine fish in Kenya.

Peroxide Value (PV), Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive substances (TBARS), organoleptic properties and shelf life of some smoked marine fish namely Gerres oyena (“Chaa”), Lutjanus argentimaculatus (Red snapper) and Valamugil seheli (Mullet) were studied during storage. Both PV and TBARS for all the fish increased to a peak with storage time then decreased. PV in G. oyena was 10.80±1.07 mEq/kg on day 1 of storage, increased to 18.17±0.39 mEq/kg in day 8, peaked at 21.48±0.44 mEq/kg in day 11 then decreased to 8.50±2.34 mEq/kg on day 28. TBARS increased from 0.39±0.09 mg malondialdehyde/kg when fresh to 0.59±0.09 mg malondialdehyde/kg in day 8 then decreased to 0.07±0.004 mg malondialdehyde/kg on the 19th day of storage. PV in L. argentimaculatus was 61.65±0.09 mEq/kg on the 4th day of storage, increased to 112.86±0.19 mEq/kg on day 6 then decreased to15.17±0.54 mEq/kg on day 11. TBARS in L. argentimaculatus was 0.93±0.36 mg malondialdehyde/kg when fresh, 0.16±0.01 mg malondialdehyde/kg on day 1, 1.87±0.03 mg malondialdehyde/kg on day 8 and 0.06±0.01 mg malondialdehyde/kg on day 23. In Valamugil seheli, the PV was 57.59±0.11 mEq/kg on day 1 of storage, 76.55±0.49 mEq/kg on the 8th day, then it decreased to undetectable levels on the 28th day. The TBARS for fresh fish was 0.83±0.10 mg malondialdehyde/kg. After smoking it was 3.96±0.12 mg malondialdehyde/kg on day 4, 3.74±0.03 mg malondialdehyde/kg on day 8 then0.12± mg malondialdehyde /kg after 19 days of storage. The shelflives of the three fish species were monitored organoleptically during a 15 day storage period on day 1, 5 and 15 with any score of 5 or below out of 9 being the limit for rejection. The fish were stored on laboratory benches in the open at ambient temperatures of 30 0C and humidity of 60%. Organoleptic tests based on various attributes were done to establish consumer preference for the fish. The freshness score for G. oyena was 6.38, V. seheli 7.2 and L. argentimaculatus 7.5 at the end of 15 days storage. There was a significantly better score (p L.argentimaculatus compared to G. oyena and V. seheli. The overall mean score for all the organoleptic attributes for the 3 fish combined was 6.22. The most preferred attribute was taste with a score of 6.5. The most preferred fish was Lutjanus argentimaculatus followed by Gerres oyen a then Valamugil seheli .
14-3-3 beta in the healthy and diseased male reproductive system.

BACKGROUND Dysfunction of cellular processes in the testes can lead to infertility, tumourigenesis or other testicular disorders. 14-3-3 proteins are known to play pivotal roles in cellular communication, signal transduction, intracellular trafficking, cell-cycle control, transcription and cytoskeletal structure and have been implicated in several diseases including tumourigenesis. Here we investigated the expression of the 14-3-3 beta isoform in healthy testicular tissues of humans, rats and mice as well as in tissues of Sertoli-cell-only (SCO) syndrome, intratubular germ cell neoplasia (IGCN) and classical seminoma. METHODS Samples of healthy and diseased testes from humans, rats and mice were analysed by immunohistochemistry. For PCR, human testis cell lysates were used. Immunoblot analyses of rats and humans healthy testes were performed. Duolink proximity ligation assay (PLA) and co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP) were carried out to investigate interactions between 14-3-3 beta and vimentin in human, rat and mouse testes. RESULTS In healthy testes and SCO syndrome, strong 14-3-3 beta-positive cells could be identified as Sertoli cells. Furthermore, 14-3-3 beta proteins were detected in cells of the peritubular stroma. In samples of IGCN and classical seminoma, the malignant transformed cells stained positive for 14-3-3 beta antigen. Immunoblot analyses revealed the presence of 14-3-3 beta in healthy testicular tissues. 14-3-3 beta mRNA transcripts were detected in cell lysates of healthy human testes. Interaction of 14-3-3 beta with the intermediate filament vimentin was revealed by Duolink PLA and Co-IP. Co-IP experiments identified tubulin as another 14-3-3 beta binding partner. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that 14-3-3 beta expression is essential for normal spermatogenesis by interacting with vimentin in Sertoli cells. Additionally, 14-3-3 beta expression in malignant transformed cells in IGCN and classical seminoma may lead to tumourigenesis and cell survival.
Systemic influence of immunosuppressive drugs on small and large bowel transport and barrier function

Immunosuppressive drug (ISD)‐associated gastrointestinal disorders are a relevant risk factor for graft loss or patient death. The pathomechanisms and the incidence of post‐transplantation diarrhea remain to be fully understood. The aim of this study was to characterize the impact of cyclosporine A, tacrolimus (TAC), mycophenolate mofetil (MMF), enteric coated mycophenolic acid (EC‐MPA), sirolimus, everolimus (EVE) and fingolimod (FTY 720) on small and large bowel transport and barrier function. Functions of the small bowel and distal colon of Wistar rats treated for 14 days with one of the drug were analyzed using Ussing chamber method. In detail, the glucose and sodium absorption, chloride secretion, and barrier function were compared. Bowel functions were investigated by inhibition or activation of the electrogenic epithelial transport, as well as by measuring transepithelial H3‐lactulose flux. TAC altered glucose absorption; EVE glucose absorption, small bowel barrier function and chloride secretion; MMF small bowel barrier function; and EC‐MPA glucose absorption and the small bowel barrier function. Drug effects were partially dose‐dependent. In conclusion, different ISD, such as TAC, EVE, MMF, or EC‐MPA lead to different and specific patterns of pathophysiologic changes of small and large bowel barrier and transport function.
Original Contribution a Prospective Study of Fruits, Vegetables, and Risk of Endometrial Cancer

Case-control studies support a lower risk of endometrial cancer associated with greater vegetable consumption but not fruit consumption. One prospective study suggested an inverse association with fruits and vegetables combined. The authors examined associations for vegetables and fruits separately among women in the American Cancer Society's Cancer Prevention Study II Nutrition Cohort. After exclusions, 41,400 postmenopausal women completed a questionnaire on diet, lifestyle, and medical history at baseline in 1992–1993. Information on diet was updated in 1999; historical dietary information from 1982 was also available. The authors identified 435 eligible cases of endometrial cancer through 2003. In multivariate models, neither fruit consumption (top quintile vs. bottom: rate ratio (RR) ¼ 1.24, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.90, 1.70; p-trend ¼ 0.30) nor vegetable consumption (RR ¼ 1.21, 95% CI: 0.89, 1.65; p-trend ¼ 0.24) at baseline was associated with risk. Results were similar when diet was cumulatively updated. Only among women who had never used hormone replacement therapy was the risk of endometrial cancer lower in the highest (vs. lowest) tertile of fruit (RR ¼ 0.75, 95% CI: 0.52, 1.07; p-interaction ¼ 0.03, p-trend ¼ 0.11) or vegetable (RR ¼ 0.80, 95% CI: 0.57, 1.13; p-interaction ¼ 0.01, p-trend ¼ 0.29) consumption. This prospective study does not support an association between vegetable or fruit consumption and endometrial cancer. Endometrial cancer is the most common gynecologic cancer in the United States, ranking fourth among all cancers in women in age-adjusted incidence (1). The large international variation in incidence rates indicates that much of the risk is modifiable (2). Most of the major known risk factors for endometrial cancer contribute to prolonged and excessive exposure of the endometrium to estrogens unopposed by progesterone, as occurs with estrogen replacement therapy (ERT) (estrogen without progestin) and obesity. The role of specific dietary factors, including fruit and vegetable consumption, in endometrial carcinogenesis is not well understood (3). Fruits and vegetables contain numerous bioactive compounds, including fiber, folate, vitamins , carotenoids, and phytoestrogens, and have been hypothesized to influence cancer risk through antioxidant activity, modulation of detoxification enzymes, stimulation of the immune system, and modulation of steroid hormone metabolism (4, 5). Seven (6–12) of 10 (6–15) case-control studies reported lower endometrial cancer risk with higher
Automatic Extraction of Subcategorization Frames for Czech

We present some novel machine learning techniques for the identification of subcategorization information for verbs in Czech. We compare three different statistical techniques applied to this problem. We show how the learning algorithm can be used to discover previously unknown subcategorization frames from the Czech Prague Dependency Treebank. The algorithm can then be used to label dependents of a verb in the Czech treebank as either arguments or adjuncts. Using our techniques, we are able to achieve 88% precision on unseen parsed text.
A Survey of Multiple Planet Systems

To date, over 30 multiple exoplanet systems are known, and 28% of stars with planets show significant evidence of a second companion. I briefly review these 30 systems individually, broadly grouping them into five categories: 1) systems with 3 or more giant (M sini > 0.2M Jup ) planets, 2) systems with two giant planets in mean motion resonance, 3) systems with two giant planets not in MMR but whose dynamical evolution is affected by planet-planet interactions, 4) highly hierarchical systems, having two giant planets with very large period ratios (> 30 : 1), and 5) systems of "Super-Earths", containing only planets with (M sini < 20M�). It now appears that eccentricities are not markedly higher among planets in known multiple planet systems, and that planets with M sini < 1M Jup have lower eccentricities than more massive planets. The distri- bution of semimajor axes for planets in multi-planet systems does not show the 3-day pile-up or the 1 AU "jump" of the apparently-single planet distribution.
A Comparison Between Stochastic and Deterministic Models of a Biological Oscillator

We look at the behavior of biological oscillators, specifically analyzing a genetic circuit that has oscillatory behavior. Implementing the system in deterministic and stochastic models, we compare the two models using various tests and analyze the effect of stochastic noise on these oscillations. We first investigate the effect of volume and find that at small system volumes, stochastic events cause the system to exhibit more sporadic oscillations and a longer period of oscillation. Next, we develop classification systems for discerning the boundary in the parameter space where the model begins to show oscillations. This is more challenging in the stochastic model, due to persistent fluctuations. We compare different methods of analysis of our deterministic and stochastic models and visualize the conditions which lead to oscillation in each model. We find that the parameter range of oscillation is larger in the stochastic model than in the deterministic model. Finally, we find an increased rate of mRNA production can create greater noise in a system and amplify the difference between a stochastic and deterministic system.
Test generation with Satisfiability Modulo Theories solvers in model‐based testing

This paper presents a framework for UML/OCL model test generation. This framework is based on three parts. The first part is the transformation from a UML/OCL model into a Satisfiability Modulo Theories (SMT) instance. The metamodel associated with the two models and the transformation rules are presented. The second part is the animation strategies used for the generation of SMT instances to compute test sequences. The paper studies five different types of strategy to build the first‐order formula used by an SMT instance. The paper also gives the results of experiments on six case studies that were used to validate the method. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
([2.2.2]Cryptand-κ6 O)potassium (η4-cyclooctadiene)bis(η2-pyrene)cobaltate(1−) pentane hemisolvate

The cation, anion, and solvent in the title compound, [K(C18H36N2O6)][Co(C8H12)(C16H10)2]·0.5C5H12, are well separated. The pentane solvent molecules are found in channels along [100] and were modeled as disordered over crystallographic inversion centers. Using the mid-points of the coordinated olefins, the angle between the Cpy/Cpy–Co–Cpy/Cpy and the Ccod/Ccod–Co–Ccod/Ccod planes (py is pyrene and cod is cyclooctadiene) is 67.6 (2)°. Thus, the overall geometry of the coordination sphere around cobalt is best described as distorted tetrahedral.
FungiDB: an integrated functional genomics database for fungi

FungiDB (http://FungiDB.org) is a functional genomic resource for pan-fungal genomes that was developed in partnership with the Eukaryotic Pathogen Bioinformatic resource center (http://EuPathDB.org). FungiDB uses the same infrastructure and user interface as EuPathDB, which allows for sophisticated and integrated searches to be performed using an intuitive graphical system. The current release of FungiDB contains genome sequence and annotation from 18 species spanning several fungal classes, including the Ascomycota classes, Eurotiomycetes, Sordariomycetes, Saccharomycetes and the Basidiomycota orders, Pucciniomycetes and Tremellomycetes, and the basal ‘Zygomycete’ lineage Mucormycotina. Additionally, FungiDB contains cell cycle microarray data, hyphal growth RNA-sequence data and yeast two hybrid interaction data. The underlying genomic sequence and annotation combined with functional data, additional data from the FungiDB standard analysis pipeline and the ability to leverage orthology provides a powerful resource for in silico experimentation.
Lasso-Kalman smoother for tracking sparse signals

Fixed-interval smoothing of time-varying vector processes is an estimation approach with well-documented merits for tracking applications. The optimal performance in the linear Gauss-Markov model is achieved by the Kalman smoother (KS), which also admits an efficient recursive implementation. The present paper deals with vector processes for which it is known a priori that many of their entries equal to zero. In this context, the process to be tracked is sparse, and the performance of sparsity-agnostic KS schemes degrades considerably. On the other hand, it is shown here that a sparsity-aware KS exhibits complexity which grows exponentially in the vector dimension. To obtain a tractable alternative, the KS cost is regularized with the sparsity-promoting ℓ1 norm of the vector process - a relaxation also used in linear regression problems to obtain the least-absolute shrinkage and selection operator (Lasso). The Lasso (L)KS derived in this work is not only capable of tracking sparse time-varying vector processes, but can also afford an efficient recursive implementation based on the alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMoM). Finally, a weighted (W)-LKS is also introduced to cope with the bias of the LKS, and simulations are provided to validate the performance of the novel algorithms.
Understanding the complexities of space anaemia in extended space missions: revelations from microgravitational odyssey

Space travel exposes astronauts to several environmental challenges, including microgravity and radiation exposure. To overcome these stressors, the body undergoes various adaptations such as cardiovascular deconditioning, fluid shifts, metabolic changes, and alterations in the state of the bone marrow. Another area of concern is the potential impact of these adaptations on erythrocyte and haemoglobin concentrations, which can lead to what is commonly referred to as space anaemia or microgravity-induced anaemia. It is known that anaemia may result in impaired physical and cognitive performance, making early detection and management crucial for the health and wellbeing of astronauts during extended space missions. However, the effects and mechanisms of space anaemia are not fully understood, and research is underway to determine the extent to which it poses a challenge to astronauts. Further research is needed to clarify the long-term effects of microgravity on the circulatory system and to investigate possible solutions to address spaceflight-induced anaemia. This article reviews the potential link between spaceflight and anaemia, based on existing evidence from simulated studies (e.g., microgravity and radiation studies) and findings from spaceflight studies (e.g., International Space Station and space shuttle missions).
Effect of a low-cost intervention on recording body mass index in patients' records.

PURPOSE Evaluate the effectiveness of body mass index (BMI) tables placed in exam rooms as an intervention to encourage providers to calculate and record BMI scores in patients' medical records. DESIGN In a prospective cohort design, medical record data for 276 adult patients at a federally funded community health center in New England were examined from August 2000 to August 2002 following the intervention. METHODS Prominent, multicolored, laminated BMI tables were posted in the exam rooms of one of the study site's three primary health care teams. Medical record data collected included documentation of BMI calculation in medical records, documentation of an obesity diagnosis, and inclusion of heights and current weights. Frequency distributions were calculated; chi-square tests were used to identify associations. FINDINGS In contrast to the comparison teams, patients on the intervention team were more likely to have BMI recorded in the medical record. A statistically significant increase in the diagnosis of obesity was observed throughout the health center after the intervention. CONCLUSIONS Posting BMI tables in exam rooms contributed to increased BMI documentation in patients' medical records.