Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Morphology of juvenile stages and ontogeny of three species of Damaeidae (Acari: Oribatida)

The morphology of juvenile stages and ontogeny of Belba corynopus (Hermann, 1804), Metabelba parapulverosa Moritz, 1966 and Metabelbella interlamellaris Pérez-Íñigo, 1987 were investigated. The juveniles of these species differ from each other mainly by the shape of seta ex in all juveniles, the presence of seta h 3 and shape of setae c 1, da and dm in the larva, shape of seta p 1 and location of cornicle in the nymphs. Moreover, the larva of B. corynopus carries only humus mass, the nymphs and most adults of this species carry the exuviae of previous instars and humus mass, while the nymphs of other species carry only the exuviae. The formulae of setae on genua and tibiae I–IV of tritonymphs (number of setae on leg segments I–IV) are the same for all these species and those in the literature, but the differences occur on femora I–IV and trochanters III and IV. The setal formula of femora I–IV clearly separates Belba von Heyden, 1826 from Metabelba Grandjean, 1936 and Metabelbella Bulanova-Zachvatkina, 1957, whereas the formula of trochanters III and IV separates Belba from Metabelbella. The differences in the number of setae on these leg segments between Metabelba and Metabelbella are indistinct. In contrast, the setal formula of tibiae I–IV in the adults is specific for each genus (4-5-3/4-4 in Belba, 4-5-5-4 in Metabelba and 4-4-4-4 in Metabelbella), has generic value and is consistent with Miko (2006. Damaeidae. In: Weigmann G., editor. Hornmilben (Oribatida) [Oribatid mites (Oribatida)]. Keltern (Germany): Goecke & Evers; p. 179–207. (Die Tierwelt Deutschlands [The fauna of Germany]; part 76. Dahl, F, series founder). whereas the formula of femora I–IV separates Belba from Metabelba and Metabelbella, and formula of trochanters III and IV separates Belba from Metabelbella, as in the tritonymphs.
Speech Based Anti Stuttering Algorithm using Matlab

Stuttering is one of the most occurring speech disorders. Usual onset of stuttering is from 2 to 5 years which can be cured in childhood but for 20% of cases it prolongs to adulthood. Its severity increases when a stuttered person faces public and when he/she gets anxious. It is a long-term disorder which cannot be permanently cured. This drawback will be externally overcome with the help of designed Speech based algorithm. This algorithm is implemented in five stages namely magnitude filtering, silence ejection, speech to text, repetition removal and text to speech (TTS). The project aims at removing the repetition of words. This can be used in speech recognition systems. This system helps in encouraging the person who suffers from stuttering to give an open talk in public.
Frizzled-9 Is Activated by Wnt-2 and Functions in Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling*

Frizzled has been known to function as a Wnt receptor. Although there have been a number of mammalian Frizzled members identified, their binding specificities with Wnt and functions in mammalian cells have been poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate that rat Frizzled-9 (Rfz9) functions in Wnt/β-catenin signaling in 293T cells. Rfz9 overexpression induces the hyperphosphorylation and relocalization of mouse Dishevelled-1 (Dvl-1) from the cytoplasm to the cell membrane and the accumulation of cytosolic β-catenin. Transfections of Rfz9 with each of several Wnt members show that only Wnt-2 activates Rfz9 in T cell factor (TCF)-dependent transcription. Deletion mutant analysis determines that there is a difference in Rfz9 C-terminal residues required for the modifications of Dvl-1 and those required for the inductions of β-catenin stabilization and TCF transactivation. Deletion of the Wnt-binding domain does not abolish Rfz9 activity completely, although it causes the inactivation of Wnt-2-dependent TCF transcription. Rfz9 also relocalizes Axin from the cytoplasm to the plasma membrane in the presence of Dvl-1, suggesting that one of the consequences of Dvl-1 relocalization by Rfz9 is to bring Axin to the cell membrane.
Development and Validation of a Microbiological Assay for the Quantification of Marketed Chloramphenicol Eye Drops

A simple, sensitive, accurate and cost-effective agar disc diffusion method was developed to estimate the potency of marketed 0.5% chloramphenicol eye drop samples. The assay was based on the inhibitory effect of chloramphenicol 0.5% eye drops against Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 29213). Mean potency values for chloramphenicol eye drops determined by this bioassay method and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) were compared. Linearity, precision, accuracy, specificity and recovery of the method were calculated whether its efficiency was evaluated by checking sunlight-induced (24 hours) and heat-degraded samples (at 100oC for 6 hours) and comparing the values obtained by HPLC. Potency values determined by this method and HPLC were estimated to be 98.62±0.12% and 98.95±0.24%, respectively. A linearity value (r) of 0.9882 was found in the selected range of 3-30μg/ml whether the precision was 99.87 with a relative standard deviation (RSD) of 0.13%. Potency values for light-induced and heat-degraded chloramphenicol drop samples calculated by HPLC were 78.41±0.74% and 64.52±0.54% whereas values determined by the bioassay were similar (79.82±1.38% and 65.73±1.30%, respectively). Therefore, results validated the proposed assay as a suitable and low-cost method to quantify the potency and bioactivity of chloramphenicol in pharmaceutical samples.
FITNESS DEMANDS ON POSITIONAL DIFFERENCES IN HOCKEY: AN ANALYTICAL STUDY

The primary aim of the study was to examine the motor fitness as well as physiological characteristics of professional hockey players classified by their playing position. A total of Sixty (N=60) male hockey players who volunteered for the present study had participated in the 8 Senior National Hockey Championship 2018, Imphal with age 22.5 ± 4.5 years were categorized as goalkeepers, fullbacks, halfback and forwards. The following motor and physiological variables were measured in all groups: speed, abdominal muscular strength, agility, vital capacity, resting heart rate and VO2 max through the administration of 50 meter dash, bent knee sit-up, illinois agility test, Spirometer digital heart monitor and queen college step test to assess motor and physiological variables among different positional field Hockey Players. The one way ANOVA was used in 0.05 levels of significance. For analysis of data, SPSS (version 23) software was used. The results revealed significant difference were found in Speed (F= 11.97, P=.000), Agility (F= 6.50, P=.001), Vital Capacity (F= 17.80, P=.000) and VO2 max (F= 6.41, P=.001) of motor and physiological variables among different positional field hockey Player whereas insignificant difference in Abdominal Muscular Strength and Resting Heart Rate among hockey players.
AN INVESTIGATION OF THE BEHAVIOUR OF BINARY AND TERNARY BLENDS OF BINDING MATERIALS IN CONCRETE

This research investigated the influence of introducing binary and ternary blends of binding materials on the properties of concrete. Calcium hydroxide is one of the hydration products of cement which creates a weak link in concrete, thereby affecting the durability properties of the concrete. Supplementary Cementitious Materials have been known to react with the deleterious calcium hydroxide to create additional beneficial Calcium Silicate Hydrate, which is the main cementing component in concrete. Supplementary Cementitious Materials reduce the quantity of lime and increase the quantity of the Calcium Silicate Hydrate. The cementing quality is enhanced if a good pozzolanic material is blended in suitable quantity with Portland cement. A standard mix proportion of 1:2:4 and water cement ratio of 0.65 was adopted for all the concrete mixes. A total of 36 cubes of 150mm x 150mm x 150mm were cast with 20% OPC/AHA and 10% OPC/CCA binary blended cement concrete, 36 with OPC/AHA/CCA ternary blended cement concrete at percentage OPC replacement of 5%, 10%, and 15% were crushed to obtain the compressive strengths at 7, 21, 28, and 56 days of curing, 18 beams were also produced and tested for flexural strength. The 7 – 21 day compressive strength of 20% OPC/AHA binary blended concrete were found to be much higher than the control values; the compressive strength for 28 -56 days were slightly lower than the control values. The 10% OPC/CCA attained the highest compressive strength of 24.50N/mm2 at 56 days of curing. The 56 day compressive strengths obtained from the ternary blended cement concrete with equal quantities of AHA and CCA were 25.60 N/mm2 for 5% replacement, 19.50 N/mm2 for 10% replacement, 17.00 N/mm2 for 15% replacement while the value for the control was 26.80 N/mm2. The increase in 56 day strength as compared to the 28 day strength is an indication of pozzolanic activity by the blended concretes. The flexural strengths for the ternary blended cement concrete at 5% replacement were comparable to the values of the control and higher than those of the binary blends. Based on the results of the research, thus, OPC/AHA/CCA ternary blended cement concrete could be used where light weight material is required and for construction works where early strength is not necessarily a requirement.
INFLUENCE OF PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS AND STAGE OF APPLICATION ON SEX EXPRESSION OF BITTER GOURD (MOMORDICA CHARANTIA L.) CV. VK-1-PRIYA

The results of the experiment revealed that the application of ethrel 200 ppm resulted in earliness to first pistillate flower appearance (34.30), delayed male flower appearance (32.78), highest female flowers per vine (41.40), minimum number of male flowers (253.46). Narrow sex ratio and female flower at lower node (6.12 and 11.99, respectively) were recorded with ethrel 200 ppm (8.75 and 15.30 respectively). Application of growth regulators at 2-4 leaf stage (S1) resulted in earliest first pistillate flower appearance with least number of days (35.42) followed by the application of growth regulators at four-leaf and flower initiation stage (S2). Lowest number of male flowers per vine (268.98) and lowest sex ratio (7.05) was recorded with two to fourleaf stage (S1) application. Highest number of female flowers per vine (38.23) was recorded with sprays at two to four-leaf stage (S1). Spraying of growth regulator at 2-4 leaf stage might have suppressed the male bud initiation and enhanced female flower bud initiation.
Patterns in longevity of soil seedbanks in fire-prone communities of south-eastern Australia.

Seed burial in nylon mesh bags over a 2-year period was used to examine seed longevity patterns in 12 shrub and two graminoid species in fire-prone habitats around Sydney, south-eastern Australia. Most species released a large fraction of their annual seed-crop in a dormant state and all species showed evidence for some form of persistent seedbank. However, regressions of seed persistence over time were in most cases poor predictors of seed decay (9 of 14 study species). Considerable variation in the degree and pattern of seed longevity was apparent in the study species. Three functional groupings of species are suggested. (1) Seed half-lives in the soil predicted to be greater than 2 years and evidence of imposed secondary dormancy (continuous, Kunzea spp. or seasonal, Grevillea caleyi). Only Kunzea capitata and G. caleyi showed significant seed decay in this group. (2) Seed half-lives in the soil predicted to be greater than 2 years and no evidence of secondary dormancy (nine species). Six species had high seed dormancy at release (only two of which showed significant seed decay). Three species had initial seed dormancy of 40–57%—two (Asterolasia elegans and Zieria involucrata) with significant decay only for the non-dormant seed fraction, and one (Comesperma ericinum) with significant decay of both the dormant and non-dormant seed fractions. (3) Two species (Darwinia biflora and Persoonia pinifolia) showed evidence of very short mean half-lives of seeds in the soil (0.4–1.0 years). The threatened species, D. biflora, had a rapid initial seed decay over 6 months followed by little decay for 18 months, and the half-life of seeds is likely to be a poor predictor of seed longevity. For P. pinifolia, maintenance of a soil seedbank is predicted to be dependent on continual inputs of seeds locally or dispersal of seeds from other sites.
Carbohydrates and carbohydrate enzymes in developing cotton ovules

Patterns of carbohydrates and carbohydrate enzymes were investigated in developing cotton ovules to establish which of these might be related to sink strength in developing bolls. Enzymatic analysis of extracted tissue indicated that beginning 1 week following anthesis, immature cotton seeds (Gossypium hirsutum L. cv. Coker 100A glandless) accumulated starch in the tissues which surround the embryo. Starting at 15 days post anthesis (DPA), this starch was depleted and starch simultaneously appeared in the embryo. Sucrose entering the tissues surrounding the embryo was rapidly degraded, apparently by sucrose synthase; the free hexose content of these tissues reached a peak at about 20 DPA. During the first few weeks of development these tissues contained substantial amounts of hexose but little sucrose; the reverse was true for cotton embryos. Embryo sucrose content rose sharply from the end of the first week until about 20 DPA; it then remained roughly constant during seed maturation. Galactinol synthase (EC 2.4.1.x) appeared in the embryos approximately 25 days after flowering. Subsequently, starch disappeared and the galactosides raffinose and stachyose appeared in the embryo. Except near maturity, sucrose synthase (EC 2.4.1.13) activity in the embryos predominated over that of both sucrose phosphate synthase (EC 2.4.1.14) and acid invertase (EC 3.2.1.26). Activities of the latter enzymes increased during the final stages of embryo maturation. The ratio of sucrose synthase to sucrose phosphate synthase was found to be high in young cotton embryos but the ratio reversed about 45 DPA, when developing ovules cease being assimilate sinks. Insoluble acid invertase was present in developing cotton embryos, but at very low activities; soluble acid invertase was present at significant activities only in nearly mature embryos. From these data it appears that sucrose synthase plays an important role in young cotton ovule carbohydrate partitioning and that sucrose phosphate synthase and the galactoside synthesizing enzymes assume the dominant roles in carbohydrate partitioning in nearly mature cotton seeds. Starch was found to be an important carbohydrate intermediate during the middle stages of cotton ovule development and raffinose and stachyose were found to be important carbohydrate pools in mature cotton seeds.
Regulation of the Size of Bird Populations By Means of Territorial Behaviour

This paper deals, from the general viewpoint of population dynamics, with some recent evidence from literature supporting the hypothesis on regulation of bird numbers by territorial behaviour. In addition, it considers the conditions, recently drawn up by Watson and Moss, which should be satisfied for showing that territorial behaviour limits breeding populations. In considering the evolution of territorial functions, it is discussed that it is improbable that territoriality has been evolved in relation to the prevention of overpopulation, because density is a group-feature, which cannot be favoured by natural selection. In discussing the conditions formulated by Watson and Moss with relevance to population limitation in any one year, it is argued that the condition stating that a substantial part of the population should not breed, is too extreme. In addition, some recent observations on unsuccessful settlements and the formation of surplus populations are considered, and some striking new results of experiments on removal of territorial birds are discussed. The results show a clear limiting effect of territorial behaviour on the size of breeding populations in several species. As to the role of territorial behaviour in setting a long-term limit to population size, it is stated that the proportion of potential breeding birds, being excluded from breeding by the behaviour of dominant, established birds, is density dependent, i.e., the proportion tends to rise with an increase of the number of potential breeders. As a result the breeding population fluctuates within certain limits set by the mean minimum territory size, which is variable year by year. The methods used to demonstrate a density dependent exclusion in Red Grouse and Great Tit populations are discussed. The results are not conclusive in all respects, and more data are needed on the same and other species. Minimum territory size is not constant. The most interesting variations are those between the means of successive years in one particular area, causing population fluctuations, and those between the means over successive years of various habitats, giving areas with high and low population levels. The ultimate and proximate implications of the determination of territory size are discussed. Most of the intra-specific differences between territory sizes observed in the field seem to be of a modificatory nature. The literature bearing to this problem is briefly reviewed. It reveals that territory size is determined by a complicated interaction of features, which we are now beginning to understand in the Red Grouse only. The model of Fretwell and Lucas, according to which a limiting effect of territorial behaviour on numbers is expressed in the relation between habitat distribution and population productivity, is discussed. It is concluded that studies on productivity can give indications as to the role of territoriality in the limitation of numbers, but that direct observations on behaviour and removal experiments are indispensable for giving the final proof.
Phylogeography and conservation genetics of the Amazonian freshwater stingray Paratrygon aiereba Müller & Henle, 1841 (Chondrichthyes: Potamotrygonidae)

A familia Potamotrygonidae forma um clado monofiletico com tres generos: Paratrygon Dumeril, Potamotrygon Garman e Plesiotrygon Rosa, Castello & Thorson. A maioria das especies dessa familia possui distribuicao restrita a uma unica bacia ou sistema fluvial, e somente as especies Potamotrygon motoro, Potamotrygon orbignyi e Paratrygon aiereba estao presentes em mais de uma bacia hidrografica. O presente estudo teve como objetivo investigar a estrutura genetica de Paratrygon aiereba em alguns rios da regiao Amazonica: Negro, sistema Solimoes-Amazonas, Tapajos, Xingu, e Araguaia. Para tal foram utilizados como marcador molecular os genes de ATPase subunidade 6, e COI. As analises com o fragmento de COI indicaram que o genero Paratrygon e grupo irmao dos outros generos da familia potamotrygonidae. Os resultados para o fragmento de ATPase mostraram que essas populacoes estao estruturadas dentro dos rios, com fluxo genico restrito, ou mesmo sem fluxo genico, apresentando uma correlacao positiva entre distância genetica e distância geografica. Paratrygon aiereba e composta por tres clados com distância genetica de pelo menos 2%. A divergencia encontrada dentro desse grupo e semelhante a observada entre Potamotrygon spp. Segundo as premissas para barcoding COI e a distribuicao alopatrica de tres clados em P. aiereba indicam que esse grupo pode ser um complexo de especies. O rio Negro e conhecido por sua pesca ornamental, e na calha Solimoes-Amazonas, esses animais sao utilizados como fonte de proteina e sofrem com a pesca comercial. Em vista disso medidas de conservacao para esta especie devem ser tomadas em nivel local, considerando cada rio separadamente, ao inves de empregar escalas regionais maiores.
Effects of ACh and IJPs on the AV Valve and the Ventricle of Dolabella auricularia

Some differences exist between myocardial tissue of the auriculo-ventricular valve and the ventricle of Dolabella , which have been revealed by means of electron microscopic and electrophysiological investigations. The muscle cells in the ventricle are more neatly arranged than those in the auriculoventricular valve, in which the alignments of the muscle cells run in many directions, indicating an interwoven structure. Myocardial cells of the ventricle have more condensed myofibrils and more apparent sarcomeres than those of the auriculo-ventricular valve. When both the sites are dissected out together, it is noticeable that the auriculo-ventricular valve almost always fires an action potential before an action potential appears in the ventricle. Thus the pacemaker of the auriculo-ventricular valve dominates that of the ventricle. Acetylcholine usually causes depolarization in the ventricle and hyperpolarization in the auriculo-ventricular valve and has similar actions on the auriculo-ventricular valve as do inhibitory junctional potentials. Membrane conductance of the myocardium in both sites is increased by acetylcholine. This possibly resultsfrom increase of sodium and potassium permeability in both sites. Thus, the difference in effects of acetylcholine between the two sites, depolarization in the ventricle and hyperpolarization in the auriculo-ventricular valve, might result from the difference in the initial membrane potential and in the ratio of increasedconductance for sodium and potassium between the sites. Results show that there is some functional differentiation between the sites. It indicates that even though the heart has a diffuse myogenic nature, a conduction system has been developed in Dolabella auricularia .
Collecting and Integrating Unstructured Information into Enterprise Architecture Management: A Systematic Literature Review

In the age of digital transformation, strategic IT alignment is becoming a primary driver for economic success. In this context, the optimization of strategic IT alignment plays a key role in enterprise architecture management (EAM). A successful EAM strategy depends on the quantity and quality of the available information within the enterprise architecture (EA) models. EA information about the functional scope of software solutions and its supported business processes is often available only in an unstructured form. Automatic acquisition of this information assists companies in the design of target architectures. In recent years, new technologies have been introduced that facilitate the use of unstructured information. The research at hand discusses these new technologies and emerging challenges. Furthermore, it provides a systematic literature review of the current state of research on collecting and integrating unstructured information into
Alterations of Extracellular Matrix Mechanical Properties Contribute to Age-Related Functional Impairment of Human Skeletal Muscles

Aging of human skeletal muscles is associated with increased passive stiffness, but it is still debated whether muscle fibers or extracellular matrix (ECM) are the determinants of such change. To answer this question, we compared the passive stress generated by elongation of fibers alone and arranged in small bundles in young healthy (Y: 21 years) and elderly (E: 67 years) subjects. The physiological range of sarcomere length (SL) 2.5–3.3 μm was explored. The area of ECM between muscle fibers was determined on transversal sections with picrosirius red, a staining specific for collagen fibers. The passive tension of fiber bundles was significantly higher in E compared to Y at all SL. However, the resistance to elongation of fibers alone was not different between the two groups, while the ECM contribution was significantly increased in E compared to Y. The proportion of muscle area occupied by ECM increased from 3.3% in Y to 8.2% in E. When the contribution of ECM to bundle tension was normalized to the fraction of area occupied by ECM, the difference disappeared. We conclude that, in human skeletal muscles, the age-related reduced compliance is due to an increased stiffness of ECM, mainly caused by collagen accumulation.