Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Socio-epidemiological factors of medical termination of pregnancy:an overview in a tertiary care institute -

Background: The Medical Termination of Pregnancy (MTP) was legalized in India by an Act in 1971. The present study is a data analysis over 5 years to gauge the changing trends in the urban government establishment with respect to various socio economical parameters. The objective of the study was to find out the incidence rate of the MTP in the urban government run hospital. The auxiliary objective was to find out the reason for which the MTP is carried out; the age group availing the facility of the services and the secondary contraception the couple uses after the MTP. Methods: A Five (5) year data of MTP was analyzed by keeping the MTP register of the hospital as a reference. The data is presented in the formal protocol of data presentation. Results: The incidence rate of MTP is 27.93/1000 live births in the institute. The primary reason of MTP is failure of contraception. This fact highlights unmet need of contraception and counselling. The maternal age group of 21-30 yrs is availing MTP services the most. The surgical method is more prevalent than the medical method in practicing the MTP. The permanent method of contraception in the form of Tubal ligation is increasing as a choice of contraception after MTP. Conclusions: The awareness of MTP Act and impact of legalizing the abortion is increasing the society and the increasing number of service rendered through the government establishment underlines the increasing faith in the system. The incidence rate of MTP is 27.93/1000 live births in the institute. The primary reason of MTP is failure of contraception. This fact highlights the huge unmet need of contraception and counselling. The maternal age group of 21-30 yrs is availing MTP services the most. Though there is changing trends for medical method of termination of pregnancy but the surgical method is still favoured. The permanent method of contraception in the form of Tubal ligation is increasing as a choice of contraception after MTP. Still the religious differences are evident in availing the MTP services and needs to be addressed tactfully.
Real-Time Fluorescence Measurements of ROS and [Ca2+] in Ischemic / Reperfused Rat Hearts: Detectable Increases Occur only after Mitochondrial Pore Opening and Are Attenuated by Ischemic

Mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) opening is critical for ischemia / reperfusion (I/R) injury and is associated with increased [Ca] and reactive oxygen species (ROS). Here we employ surface fluorescence to establish the temporal sequence of these events in beating perfused hearts subject to global I/R. A bespoke fluorimeter was used to synchronously monitor surface fluorescence and reflectance of Langendorff-perfused rat hearts at multiple wavelengths, with simultaneous measurements of hemodynamic function. Potential interference by motion artefacts and internal filtering was assessed and minimised. Re-oxidation of NAD(P)H and flavoproteins on reperfusion (detected using autofluorescence) was rapid (t0.5 < 15 s) and significantly slower following ischemic preconditioning (IP). This argues against superoxide production from reduced Complex 1 being a critical mediator of initial mPTP opening during early reperfusion. Furthermore, MitoPY1 (a mitochondria-targeted H2O2-sensitive fluorescent probe) and aconitase activity measurements failed to detect matrix ROS increases during early reperfusion. However, two different fluorescent cytosolic ROS probes did detect ROS increases after 2–3 min of reperfusion, which was shown to be after initiation of mPTP opening. Cyclosporin A (CsA) and IP attenuated these responses and reduced infarct size. [Ca2+]i (monitored with Indo-1) increased progressively during ischemia, but dropped rapidly within 90 s of reperfusion when total mitochondrial [Ca] was shown to be increased. These early changes in [Ca] were not attenuated by IP, but substantial [Ca] increases were observed after 2–3 min reperfusion and these were prevented by both IP and CsA. Our data suggest that the major increases in ROS and [Ca ] detected later in reperfusion are secondary to mPTP opening. If earlier IP-sensitive changes occur that might trigger initial mPTP opening they are below our limit of detection. Rather, we suggest that IP may inhibit initial mPTP opening by alternative mechanisms such as prevention of hexokinase 2 dissociation from mitochondria during ischemia. PLOS ONE | DOI:10.1371/journal.pone. 0167300 December 1, 2016 1 / 31 a11111
Anxiety and Its Impact on Memory

From influences on our memories of common words to even eyewitness testimonies, anxiety can shape our view of the world (Amir et al., 1996). Our research attempted to show a relationship between anxiety and its effects as an impact on memory as is supported by the Theory of Attentional Control (Eysenck & Calvo, 1992). A video from Simons’ and Chabris’ (1999) study on Inattentional Blindness was used to assess whether anxiety is adaptive or maladaptive to functions of our memory. Our study did not find significance regarding the impact of anxiety on memory. However, the relevance and interest of studies on memory and arousal continues to escalate through the years.
DPTree: Differential Indexing for Persistent Memory

The emergence of persistent memory (PM) spurs on redesigns of database system components to gain full exploitation of the persistence and speed of the hardware. One crucial component studied by researchers is persistent indices. However, such studies to date are unsatisfactory in terms of the number of expensive PM writes required for crash-consistency. In this paper, we propose a new persistent index called DPTree (Differential Persistent Tree) to address this. DPTree's core idea is to batch multiple writes in DRAM persistently and later merge them into a PM component to amortize persistence overhead. DPTree includes several techniques and algorithms to achieve crash-consistency, reduce PM writes significantly, and maintain excellent read performance. To embrace multi-core processors, we present the design of concurrent DPTree. Our experiments on Intel's Optane DIMMs show that DPTree reduces PM writes by a factor of 1.7x-3x compare to state-of-the-art counterparts. Besides, DPTree has a competitive or better read performance and scales well in multi-core environment.
ANALYSIS OF THE NRSC TEST DURING THE USE OF BIOFUELS FOR THE ZETOR FORTERRA TRACTOR

Production of solid particles increases significantly the degree of danger of combustion engines. Currently there are many design solutions which aim to reduce smoke of combustion engines. One of the most significant solutions suggests the increase of injection pressures up to the limit of 250 MPa and filtering the exhaust gases. The paper compares different fuels and biofuels and their effect on emissions of supercharged engine. The comparison uses the 8-point NRSC test during which the following fuels were used: diesel, rapeseed methyl ester, and hydrogenated oil.
Accountability, Career Incentives, and Local Bureaucrats: Evidence of A Target-Based Performance Evaluation System in China

This paper studies the effect of a target-based performance evaluation system for high-level bureaucrats in China. In 2006, the Chinese central government made sulphur dioxide (SO2) emissions cuts a main performance evaluation criterion for prefectural city mayors and party secretaries. Using a difference-in-difference framework, we compare emissions reductions in the so-called Two Control Zone cities, where more stringent emissions quotas were imposed, with reductions in non-control cities. Our results suggest that the target-based evaluation system is effective in achieving the targeted policy output. Adding the emission cuts into local bureaucrats’ performance evaluations significantly reduces actual SO2 emissions. By exploring a rich set of official characteristics, we further analyze the channels through which the policy operates. We show that the target-based evaluation system changes bureaucrats’ behavior and induces them to exert more effort on controlling environmental pollution. ∗sppcj@nus.edu. sg †bengcome@gmail.com ‡justinly6@gmail.com
Molecular Physiology of Insulin Function

Insulin is a peptide hormone that is secreted by the pancreatic β-cells and it plays a pivotal role in a number of cellular metabolic processes. Structurally, it consists of two chains that are connected by disulphide bonds. It is secreted from the β-cells upon membrane depolarization and opening of potassium sensitive ATP channels. This process can be initiated by several stimuli especially glucose entry into the cell. Insulin signal transduction starts with binding of the receptor which belongs to the tyrosine kinase family and phosphorylation of Insulin Receptor Substrates. Consequently, two well defined pathways i.e. the phosphoinositide-3-kinase which is involved in carbohydrate, lipid and protein metabolism as well as the MAP-kinase pathway which mediates mitogenesis are established. Insulin enhances glycolysis and glycogenesis while inhibiting gluconeogenesis and glycogenolysis. It also promotes lipogenesis and inhibit lipolysis. These effects are possible because of its ability to activate and deactivate several enzymes and other substrates via phosphorylation. It is also involved in the induction of genes coding for important enzymes in these pathways. The effects of insulin extend to the regulation of vascular structure and function partly through its ability to stimulate nitric oxide production. The aim of this article is to summarize the molecular mechanisms behind the most important insulin functions. Received: September 19,2019; Accepted:November 27,2019; Published: December 3,2019 *Corresponding author : Dr. Amin Ibrahim, medical officer, Ayodele medical center, Iju, Lagos State, Nigeria; Tel: +2348134517941; E-mail: ibrahimam-
Compression without Quantization

There has been renewed interest in machine learning (ML) based lossy image compression, with recently proposed techniques beating traditional image codecs such as JPEG,WebP and BPG in perceptual quality on every compression rate. A key advantage of ML algorithms in this field are that a) they can adapt to the statistics of individual images to increase compression efficiency much better than any hand-crafted method, and b) they can be used to very quickly develop efficient codecs for new media such as light-field cameras, 360∘ images, Virtual Reality (VR), where classical methods would struggle, and where the development of efficient hand-crafted methods could take years. In this thesis, we present an introduction to the field of neural image compression, first through the lens of image compression, then the lens of information-theoretic neural compression. We examine how quantization is a fundamental block in the lossy image compression pipeline, and emphasize the difficulties it presents for gradient-based optimization techniques. We review recent influential developments in the field and see how they circumvent the issue of quantization in particular. Our approach is different: we propose a general lossy compression framework that allows us to forgo quantization completely. We use this to develop a novel image compression algorithm using an extension of Variational Auto-Encoders (VAEs) called Probabilistic Ladder Networks (PLNs) and evaluate its efficiency compared to both classical and ML-based approaches on two of the currently most popular perceptual quality metrics. Surprisingly, with no fine-tuning, we achieve close to state-of-the-art performance on low bitrates while slightly underperforming on higher bitrates. Finally, we present an analysis of important characteristics of our method, such as coding time and the effectiveness of our chosen model, and discuss key areas where our method could be improved.
Current Opinion in Psychology Egalitarianism: Psychological and socio-ecological foundations

Individual differences in social and political attitudes have their roots in evolved motives for basic kinds of social relationships. Egalitarianism is the preference for the application of the one of these relational models-equality—over that of another—dominance—to the context of societal intergroup relations. We present recent research on the origins of egalitarianism in terms of universal social cognitive mechanisms (activated as early as infancy), systematic (partly heritable) individual differences, and the affordances and constraints of one’s immediate and macrostructural context. Just as the psychological impact of socioeconomic conditions depends on the mind being equipped to perceive and navigate them, so the expression of the evolved underpinnings of inequality concerns depends critically on social and societal experiences.
Predictors of Unintentional Home Injury in Toddlers: Empirical Testing of A Causal Model

The purpose of this study was to test the Klommek Model of Unintentional Home Injury in Thai Toddlers, a model expanding the work of others. Most unintentional home injury to toddler studies have shown complicated interactions among child attributes, parental supervision attributes, and home physical hazards. However, no set of predictors of unintentional home injury has been clearly investigated empirically. This study’s sample consisted of 247 mothers of 1-3 year-old children living in Bangkok. Mothers were interviewed with seven questionnaires: A Demographic Questionnaire, Child’s Temperament for Injury Risk, Parental Protectiveness, Parental Supervision, Parental Tolerance for Child’s Risk Taking, Parental Fate Belief, and Unintentional Home Injury in Toddlers. Additionally, mothers’ homes were naturalistically observed, guided by The Home Physical Hazard Checklist. Data analysis used descriptive statistics and Structural Equation Modeling to explore direct and indirect effects on unintentional home injury risk in toddlers. Results indicate that child temperament had the greatest significant direct (positive) effect on unintentional home injury while parental supervision and protectiveness had significant direct negative effects. Parental supervision mediated the link between child temperament and parental protectiveness and unintentional home injury. Finally, a modified Model accounted for 37% of the overall variance in the prediction of unintentional home injury in Thai toddlers. In conclusion, while validation in other samples is warranted, these findings suggest that nurses and other health policy makers should target the caretakers of toddlers for education to prevent home injury. Pacific Rim Int J Nurs Res 2015; 19(4) 345-358
Disentangling Sources of Uncertainty for Active Exploration

PILCO is a learning algorithm that evaluates and minimises the expected cost function by cascading uncertain inputs through the GP dynamics model, which only allows it to make inferences based on the total uncertainty of the cost. Using variance as a metric for uncertainty, I apply the law of total variance to decompose total cost uncertainty into aleatoric and epistemic components. I develop a gold-standard Monte Carlo scheme to separately estimate each quantity by propagating trajectories through a finite-parameter trigonometric basis function approximation to PILCO’s dynamics model. I show that when PILCO is learning efficiently, it is selecting policies associated with a high ratio of epistemic cost uncertainty to total cost uncertainty.
Quality of Regional Financial Supervision

This study aims to strengthen objectivity, expertise, professional skills and compliance with the code of ethics on the quality of the inspectorate apparatus. A common problem in this studywas the continued increase in state losses caused by corruption and the like. The research sample was taken at the inspectorate of Central Java province. Data were analyzed using Partial Lease Square with SmartPLS 03 software. The results showed objectivity and adherence to the code of ethics of reproduction to the quality of examination, while the expertise and professional skill were not significant on the quality of the examination. The value of things that are jointly shared objectivity, expertise, professional skills and adherence to the code of ethics provide quality to audit quality of 56.4% while the remaining 45.6% by other factor outside the construct. The implication of this research findings for the importance of quality of supervision is the need for objective attitude of the auditor in addition to the effort to increase the ethical value through coaching and training. Keyword—quality of supervision; objectivity; expertis; professional skills; adherence to the code of conduct
Likelihood-free Bayesian inference without rejection

12 Approximate Bayesian inference on the basis of summary statistics is well13 suited to complex problems for which the likelihood is either mathematically 14 or computationally intractable. However the methods that use rejection suf15 fer from the curse of dimensionality when the number of summary statistics 16 is increased. Here we propose a machine-learning approach to the estimation 17 of the posterior density by introducing two innovations. The new method 18 fits a nonlinear conditional heteroscedastic regression of the parameter on 19 the summary statistics, and then adaptively improves estimation using im20 portance sampling. The new algorithm is compared to the state-of-the-art 21 approximate Bayesian methods, and achieves considerable reduction of the 22 computational burden in two examples of inference in statistical genetics and 23 in a queueing model. 24
Attitude and Decisions Regarding Personal Healthcare: The Case of Women under Microfinance in Edo State, Nigeria

The paper examined women’s attitude towards their personal health using the Health Belief Model as theoretical framework. Questionnaire was administered to 750 purposively selected respondents consisting of 400 from 3 branches of a microfinance banks (MBs) with integrated health services (IHS), and 350 from 3 other MBs without IHS in Edo state Nigeria. Key Informant Interviews (KIIs) were conducted with 20 microfinance officials. Questionnaire was administered to 750 purposively selected respondents consisting of 400 from 3 branches of a microfinance banks (MBs) with integrated health services (IHS), and 350 from 3 other MBs without IHS in Edo state Nigeria. Twenty Key Informant Interviews (KIIs) were conducted with microfinance officials. Women displayed positive attitude towards their personal health with mean score for clients in both MBs with IHS and without IHS being 63.9±8.2 and 47.9±5.6 respectively (where mean score for positive attitude is ≥ 40). Furthermore, although 62.0% agreed “they cannot take their health for granted no matter what”, those who agreed and were undecided that “they won’t make decisions about their health without their spouses” were 47.8% and 32.8% respectively. Women’s roles as caregivers and dependants on their spouses make them prioritize their household needs and spouses’ decision over their personal health. Enlightening women on the relevance of prioritizing their personal healthcare is recommended to reduce poor health conditions among women.
Climate shocks, coping responses and gender gap in human development

This study examines the impact of drought on child health and schooling outcomes and investigates the contemporaneous relationship between these two main building blocks of human capital. We merge childlevel longitudinal data from the Ethiopia Rural Socioeconomic Survey (ERSS) with geo-referenced climate data. Our findings from within-child variation estimators reveal that drought has a detrimental impact on the highest grade completed of female children. We show that the negative effect of drought on a female child's completed years of formal schooling is channelled, albeit not entirely, through ill health. Our result is robust to using recursive bivariate estimation with exclusion restriction to correct for biases associated with the endogeneity of child health due to time-varying heterogeneities. Gender bias in the household explains why the direct and mediated schooling e ects of drought are concentrated only on female children. We find that households respond to drought-induced income shocks by decreasing the allocation of resources for the medical treatment of an ill female child. Moreover, households also increase the use of female child labour for non-agricultural activities, which is consistent with a disproportionate increase in school absenteeism of older girls during drought. We discuss how gender-responsive policy design and implementation may help alleviate gender inequality in human development in the face of climate change.
STUDY OF HISTOPATHOLOGICAL CHANGES IN PLACENTAE OF ANAEMIC WOMEN

Background: fetal disorders. Severe anaemia during pregnancy can lead to poor fetal outcome and the changes are reflected in the placenta. histological changes in placenta during pregnancy. studied over a period of one year, of which 75 placentae were from anaemic females (Hemoglobin <11g/dl) and remaining were from mothers judged according to WHO criteria. Placentae were examined grossly, processed, tissue sections prepared and examined after Haematoxylin and Eosin staining. low birth weight infarction and calcification was more frequent in the anaemic group. Histopathological study revealed significantly increased syncytial knots, fibrinoid necrosis, stromal fibrosis of villi in the placentae of anaemic females. upon the adequate and timely treatment of maternal anaemia which can prevent low birth weights, premature births, still births
Prevalence and associated factors of caesarean section in Addis Ababa hospitals, Ethiopia

Introduction Caesarean section refers to the operation of delivering a baby through incisions made in the mother's abdominal wall and uterus. A caesarean section is medically indicated when a significant risk of adverse outcome for mother or baby is present. The objective of this study was to assess the prevalence and associated factors of caesarean section in Addis Ababa Hospitals, Ethiopia. Methods Institutional based cross-sectional study design was employed on 298 women from between April and May 2017. Study subjects were selected using systematic random sampling by considering the number of delivery. A structured questionnaire was used to collect the data. The data were coded and entered into Epi data version 3.1 and the analysis was carried out in a statistical package for social science versions 22. Descriptive statistics for each variable and binary logistic regression analysis with 95% CI was carried out. Results A total of 298 mothers were participated in the study with a response rate of 100%. The overall prevalence of caesarean section in this study was 38.3%. The multivariable analysis indicated that mother who had collage and above [AOR = 3.46 (95%CI; 1.2, 10.76)], giving birth in private health facility [AOR = 1.48 (95%CI; 1.84, 2.59)], and having risk factors [AOR = 2.86 (95%CI; 1.96, 3.42)], were some of the factors associated with caesarean section. Conclusion The finding of this study showed that the prevalence of caesarean section was higher in women who gave birth in private health facility, mothers having risk factors, and mothers having educational status of diploma and above. Therefore, identifying risky group during antenatal care follow-up and restraining numbers of caesarean section in private health facilities is essential steps to reduce high prevalence of caesarean section.