Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Developmental Contributions of Schizophrenia Risk Alleles and Childhood Peer Victimization to Early-Onset Mental Health Trajectories.

OBJECTIVE: Twin studies suggest that genetic factors contribute to continuity in mental health problems and that environmental factors are the major contributor to developmental change. The authors investigated the influence of psychiatric risk alleles on early-onset mental health trajectories and whether the trajectories were subsequently modified by exposure to childhood victimization. METHODS: The sample was a prospective U.K. population-based cohort, the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children. The developmental trajectories of emotional problems were estimated in childhood (approximately ages 4-8 years) and adolescence (approximately ages 12-17 years). Psychiatric risk alleles were indexed by polygenic risk scores (PRS) for schizophrenia using genome-wide association study results from the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium. Chronic peer victimization in late childhood (ages 8.5 and 10.5 years) was assessed as an index of environmental exposure. Individuals with sufficient data on emotional problems, the PRS, and victimization were included in the main analyses (N=3,988). RESULTS: Higher schizophrenia PRSs were associated with a trajectory of early-onset increasing emotional problems (odds ratio=1.18, 95% CI=1.02-1.36) compared with a trajectory of low-stable emotional problems. Subsequent exposure to victimization increased the likelihood of transitioning from a trajectory of low-stable emotional problems during childhood (before exposure) to an increasing trajectory in adolescence (after exposure) (odds ratio=2.59, 95% CI=1.48-4.53). CONCLUSIONS: While the early development of emotional problems was associated with genetic risk (schizophrenia risk alleles), the subsequent course of emotional problems for those who might otherwise have remained on a more favorable trajectory was altered by exposure to peer victimization, which is a potentially modifiable environmental exposure.
Spectral Distribution of Energy Dissipation of Wind-Generated Waves due to Dominant Wave Breaking

Abstract This paper considers an experimental attempt to estimate the spectral distribution of the dissipation due to breaking of dominant waves. A field wave record with an approximately 50% dominant-breaking rate was analyzed. Segments of the record, comprising sequences of breaking waves, were used to obtain the “breaking spectrum,” and segments of nonbreaking waves were used to obtain the “nonbreaking spectrum. ” The clear visible difference between the two spectra was attributed to the dissipation due to breaking. This assumption was supported by independent measurements of total dissipation of kinetic energy in the water column at the measurement location. It is shown that the dominant breaking causes energy dissipation throughout the entire spectrum at scales smaller than the spectral peak waves. The dissipation rate at each frequency is linear in terms of the wave spectral density at that frequency, with a correction for the directional spectral width. A formulation for the spectral dissipation fun.
Late Devonian (Famennian) Conodonts from Denizliköyü, Gebze, Kocaeli, Northwestern Turkey

Late Devonian (Famennian) conodont faunas have been described from two incomplete stratigraphic sections (GD and GB) of the Ayineburnu member of the Tuzla formation, Denizlikoyu, Gebze, Kocaeli, northwestern Turkey. The section GD comprises the Lower and Middle expansa Zones, and the section GB contains the Middle and Upper expansa Zones. Zonal indices for the Middle expansa Zone are identified in the section GB, whereas this zone is recognized on the basis of other key taxa in the section GD. Also, a new species of the Genus Branmehla, Branmehla gediki n.sp. is described from the section GD.
Association of Trauma Type, Age of Exposure, and Frequency in Childhood and Adolescence With Psychotic Experiences in Early Adulthood

Importance Cross-sectional and longitudinal studies have consistently reported associations between childhood trauma and psychotic experiences and disorders. However, few studies have examined whether the age of exposure or specific trauma types are differently associated with the risk of developing psychotic experiences. Objective To examine whether exposure to trauma, assessed at multiple age periods between 0 and 17 years of age, is associated with an increased risk of psychotic experiences by age 18 years and whether this association varies according to trauma type as well as age and frequency of exposure. Design, Setting, and Participants This study used data from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children, a large population-based birth cohort in the United Kingdom that recruited women who resided in the Avon Health Authority area and had an expected delivery date between April 1, 1991, and December 31, 1992. Data on psychotic experiences were included in the study, along with trauma variables derived from assessments completed by the parents or self-reported by the participants. The variables represent exposure to any trauma type between ages 0 and 17 years; any trauma type within a distinct age period: early childhood (0-4.9 years), middle childhood (5-10.9 years), or adolescence (11-17 years); specific trauma types between ages 0 and 17 years; and specific trauma types within early childhood, middle childhood, or adolescence. Data were analyzed from January 9, 2017, to November 30, 2017. Main Outcomes and Measures Suspected or definite psychotic experiences were assessed using the psychosis-like symptoms semistructured interview at age 12 years and then at age 18 years. Results The sample of 4433 participants included 2504 (56.5%) females, with a mean (SD) age of 17.8 (0.38) years. Exposure to any trauma up to age 17 years was associated with increased odds of psychotic experiences at age 18 years (adjusted odds ratio, 2.91; 95% CI, 2.15-3.93). All trauma types from age 0 to 17 years were associated with an increased odds of psychotic experiences. The population-attributable fraction for childhood and adolescent trauma on psychotic experiences at age 18 years was 45% (95% CI, 25%-60%). Effect sizes for most trauma types were greater for exposure that was more proximal to the outcome, although CIs overlapped with those for more distal trauma. Evidence supported dose-response associations for exposure to multiple trauma types and at multiple age periods. In an analysis aimed at minimizing reverse causality, adolescent trauma was also associated with past-year incident psychotic experiences at age 18 years. Conclusions and Relevance These findings are consistent with the thesis that trauma could have a causal association with psychotic experiences; if so, identification of modifiable mediators is required to inform prevention strategies.
Thermal structure of Dome Fuji and east Dronning Maud Land, Antarctica, simulated by a three-dimensional ice-sheet model

Abstract Three-dimensional structures of temperature focused on Dome Fuji and east Dronning Maud Land, Antarctica, simulated in a three-dimensional shallow ice model, are reported. With a geothermal heat flux of 54.6 mWm–2, as used in several modelling studies of the Antarctic ice sheet, and an enhancement factor of 1.3, which is smaller than in previous studies, the model result taking into account the glacial cycles is in good agreement with the borehole temperature and surface topography at Dome Fuji. The basal temperature at Dome Fuji must be at or very close to the pressure-melting point. The simulated amplitude of basal temperature through glacial/interglacial cycles is <1 K.
Evaluation of clinical results, histological architecture, and collagen expression following treatment of mature burn scars with a fractional carbon dioxide laser.

OBJECTIVE To assess mature burn scars treated with a fractional carbon dioxide laser for changes in histological architecture, type I to III collagen ratios, density of elastic tissue, and subjective measures of clinical improvements. DESIGN Uncontrolled, prospective study of patients with mature burn scars, from a clinical and histological perspective. Biopsy specimens were obtained before and 2 months after 3 treatment sessions. The tissue was prepared with Verhoff von Giesen (VVG) stain to discern elastic tissue and Herovici stain to differentiate types I and III collagen. SETTING Subjects were recruited from the Grossman Burn Centers. PARTICIPANTS Of 18 patients with mature burn scars, 10 completed the entire treatment protocol. INTERVENTION Participants received 3 treatments with a fractional carbon dioxide laser. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Vancouver Scar Scale and Patient and Observer Scar Assessment Scale survey scores. In histological analysis, imaging software was used to measure changes in collagen subtype and elastic tissue. A rating scale was developed to assess normal vs scar architecture. RESULTS The first hypothesis that significant histological improvement would occur and the second hypothesis of a statistically significant increase in type III collagen expression or a decrease in type I collagen expression were confirmed. There were no significant changes in elastic tissue. Statistically significant improvements were seen in all survey data. CONCLUSIONS Treatment with a fractional carbon dioxide laser improved the appearance of mature burn scars and resulted in a significant improvement in collagen architecture following treatment. Furthermore, in treated skin specimens, a collagen subtype (types I and III collagen) profile resembling that of nonwounded skin was found.
Status of ambient noise levels in Jaipur city

Transportation sector is one of the major contributors to noise in urban areas. Hence, as a first step towards assessment of noise pollution, measurement was taken up with emphasis on traffic noise. During the course of study ten heavy to medium busy commercial corridors were selected for monitoring of vehicular traffic activities and ambient noise levels as well. Sound Level Meter (SLM) SC-30 with a calibration source was used for measurement of equivalent noise levels.The results indicates that the noise levels were higher than the limits prescribed by Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB), It directly highlighted the necessity of effective mitigation measures of noise pollution levels in the city.
THE GENDER GAP IN MATHEMATICS EVIDENCE FROM LOW-AND MIDDLE-INCOME COUNTRIES

We confirm the presence of a gender gap in mathematics across many lowand middle-income countries using detailed, comparable test score data. Examining micro level data on school performance linked to household demographics we note that first, the gender gap appears to increase with age. Indeed, the gap nearly doubles when comparing 4th grade and 8th grade test scores. Second, we test whether commonly proposed explanations such as parental background and investments, unobserved ability, and classroom environment (including teacher gender) explain a substantial portion of the gap. While none of these explanations help in substantially explaining the gender gap we observe, we show that boys and girls differ significantly in perceptions about their own ability in math, conditional on math test scores. Girls are much more likely to state that they dislike math, or find math difficult compared to boys. We highlight differences in self-assessed ability as areas for future research that might lead to a better understanding of the gender gap in math.
Sand-mud erosion from a soil mechanical perspective

‘Wetlands’ in tidal lagoons and estuaries are among the most valuable ecosystems in the world. Managing these systems requires both a thorough knowledge and validated tools to predict their behavior and development. An important morpho-dynamic process herein is the erosion (‘pick-up’) of the bed, which are in inter-tidal areas often composed of a mixture of sand and mud. Aim of the study was the derivation and calibration of a generic formulation for surface erosion of sand-mud mixtures based on a geotechnical approach. Determining parameters for geotechnical and morphological behavior of sand-mud mixtures have been identified, and a surface erosion formulation is derived and validated. The agreement between calculated and measured erosion values indicates that the physically-derived formulation is an important alternative to present empirical formulations. This is particularly important for applying the formulation for the numerical modeling of the behavior of estuaries and lagoons. Furthermore, two new measuring techniques are developed which enable the in-situ characterization of sedimentological and soil mechanical properties. This data can be used to characterize and compare inter-tidal sediments properties, and to serve as input for the erosion formulation and/or for numerical simulations. Finally, an experimental strategy is presented for the collection of field data which are required to characterize the behavior of sand-mud mixtures.
The dynamic rupture process of the 2001 Geiyo, Japan, earthquake

The 2001, Geiyo earthquake (Mw = 6.7) occurred as a normal fault event within the young subducting Philippine Sea plate. We investigate a dynamic rupture process of the earthquake and estimate the dynamic parameters. Firstly, the space‐time distribution of slip of the earthquake, i.e., the kinematic model, was investigated by inverting the near‐field strong ground motion data and teleseismic waveform data. Secondly, we reconstruct a dynamic model in constraint with the above kinematic model. The distribution of Dc is also estimated from the inverted slip rate time functions [ Mikumo et al., 2003 ] and found to be less than 70 cm. We found that dynamic parameters are very heterogeneous. There exist two asperities. The peak stress drop on the first asperity is about 20 MPa, and 10 MPa on the second one. Very low or negative stress drop zone is found between two asperities. The strength excess, and fracture energy distribution are also heterogeneous.
Session 5: Nutrition communication The challenge of effective food risk communication

A chronology of food scares combined with a rapid, unchecked, rise in lifestyle-related diseases such as obesity highlights the need for a focus on effective food risk communication. However, food risk communication is highly complex. Many factors will affect its success, including the demeanour and conduct of the source, its transparency, interaction with the public, acknowledgement of risks and timely disclosure. How the message is developed is also important in terms of language, style and pretesting with target audiences, as is the choice of appropriate channels for reaching target audiences. Finally, there are many personal factors that may affect risk perception such as previous experience, knowledge, attitudes and beliefs, personality, psychological factors and socio-demographic factors, many of which remain unexplored. While there is evidence that campaigns that communicate health risk have been associated with behaviour change in relation to major public health and safety issues in the past, it is unknown at this stage whether targeting risk information based on risk-perception segmentation can increase the effectiveness of the messages.
Systematic temporal analysis of peripheral blood transcriptomes using TrendCatcher identifies early and persistent neutrophil activation as a hallmark of severe COVID-19

Xinge Wang1,2,3, Mark Sanborn1, 2, 3, Yang Dai1 and Jalees Rehman1, 2, 3* 1Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Illinois Colleges of Engineering and Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA 2Department of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA 3Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA *Please address correspondence to Jalees Rehman (jalees@uic.edu) The University of Illinois at Chicago, College of Medicine (M/C 868) 835 S. Wolcott Ave. Rm. E403, Chicago, IL 60612, USA Office phone: +1 312-996-5552; Fax: +1 312-996-1225
Dissecting the Causal Mechanism of X-Linked Dystonia-Parkinsonism by Integrating Genome and Transcriptome Assembly

X-linked Dystonia-Parkinsonism (XDP) is a Mendelian neurodegenerative disease endemic to the Philippines. We integrated genome and transcriptome assembly with induced pluripotent stem cell-based modeling to identify the XDP causal locus and potential pathogenic mechanism. Genome sequencing identified novel variation that was shared by all probands and three recombination events that narrowed the causal locus to a genomic segment including TAF1. Transcriptome assembly in neural derivative cells discovered novel TAF1 transcripts, including a truncated transcript exclusively observed in probands that involved aberrant splicing and intron retention (IR) associated with a SINE-VNTR-Alu (SVA)-type retrotransposon insertion. This IR correlated with decreased expression of the predominant TAF1 transcript and altered expression of neurodevelopmental genes; both the IR and aberrant TAF1 expression patterns were rescued by CRISPR/Cas9 excision of the SVA. These data suggest a unique genomic cause of XDP and may provide a roadmap for integrative genomic studies in other unsolved Mendelian disorders. Highlights Genome assembly narrows the XDP causal locus to a segment including TAF1 XDP-specific SVA insertion induces intron retention and down-regulation of TAF1 CRISPR/Cas9 excision of SVA rescues aberrant splicing and cTAF1 expression in XDP Gene networks perturbed in proband cells associate to synapse and neurodevelopment
Simulating the climate of South Pacific islands using a high resolution model

Downscaled regional climate simulations for Fiji and Federated States of Micronesia (FSM) from Coupled Model Intercomparison Project 3 (CMIP3) Global Coupled Models (GCMs) are carried out as part of the Pacific Climate Change Science Program (PCCSP) using the CSIRO stretched‐grid Conformal Cubic Atmospheric Model (CCAM) for the period 1980–2000. The model simulations are performed at 60 km and at 8 km horizontal resolutions. The higher resolution is chosen to partly resolve the detailed orography of the countries selected, providing insight into the spatial distribution of temperature and precipitation for an individual island that GCMs are unable to represent. The downscaling is carried out in two steps. First, CCAM simulations are run on a global 60 km grid using bias‐corrected sea surface temperatures (SST) and sea ice from six CMIP3 GCMs. Three of these 60 km simulations are then further downscaled to 8 km resolution over the two countries. The focus of this paper is validation of these high‐resolution simulations against gridded analyses, satellite rainfall climatologies and available station data for rainfall and temperature for the period 1980–2000. The results show that high resolution orography plays an important role in capturing the current climate. The validation demonstrates that the 8 km simulations are capable of realistically depicting the current climate when the topography influences the wind flow and rainfall (Fiji), performing better than both the GCMs and the 60 km downscaled simulations. However, the performance of the 8 km simulations is similar to the GCM and 60 km simulations when topographical features are not present (FSM).
Continuous Noninvasive Remote Automated Blood Pressure Monitoring With Novel Wearable Technology: A Preliminary Validation Study

Background: Wearable continuous monitoring biosensor technologies have the potential to transform postoperative care with early detection of impending clinical deterioration. Objective: Our aim was to validate the accuracy of Cloud DX Vitaliti continuous vital signs monitor (CVSM) continuous noninvasive blood pressure (cNIBP) measurements in postsurgical patients. A secondary aim was to examine user acceptance of the Vitaliti CVSM with respect to comfort, ease of application, sustainability of positioning, and aesthetics. Methods: Included participants were ≥18 years old and recovering from surgery in a cardiac intensive care unit (ICU). We targeted a maximum recruitment of 80 participants for verification and acceptance testing. We also oversampled to minimize the effect of unforeseen interruptions and other challenges to the study. Validation procedures were according to the International Standards Organization (ISO) 81060-2:2018 standards for wearable, cuffless blood pressure (BP) measuring devices. Baseline BP was determined from the gold-standard ICU arterial catheter. The Vitaliti CVSM was calibrated against the reference arterial catheter. In static (seated in bed) and supine positions, 3 cNIBP measurements, each 30 seconds, were taken for each patient with the Vitaliti CVSM and an invasive arterial catheter. At the conclusion of each test session, captured cNIBP measurements were JMIR Mhealth Uhealth 2022 | vol. 10 | iss. 2 | e24916 | p. 1 https://mhealth.jmir. org/2022/2/e24916 (page number not for citation purposes) McGillion et al JMIR MHEALTH AND UHEALTH
Topographic forcing of flow partition and flow structures at river bifurcations

This paper presents the predicted flow dynamics from the application of a Reynolds‐averaged Navier–Stokes model to a series of bifurcation geometries with morphologies measured during previous flume experiments. The topography of the bifurcations consists of either plane or bedform‐dominated beds which may or may not possess discordance between the two bifurcation distributaries. Numerical predictions are compared with experimental results to assess the ability of the numerical model to reproduce the division of flow into the bifurcation distributaries. The hydrodynamic model predicts: (1) diverting fluxes in the upstream channel which direct water into the distributaries; (2) super‐elevation of the free surface induced at the bifurcation edge by pressure differences; and (3) counter‐rotating secondary circulation cells which develop upstream of the apex of the bifurcation and move into the downstream channels, with water converging at the surface and diverging at the bed. When bedforms are not present, weak transversal fluxes characterize the upstream channel for almost its entire length, associated with clearly distinguishable secondary circulation cells, although these may be under‐estimated by the turbulence model used in the solution. In the bedform dominated case, the same hydrodynamic conditions were not observed, with the bifurcation influence restricted and depth scale secondary circulation cells not forming. The results also demonstrate the dominant effect bed discordance has upon flow division between the two distributaries. Finally, results indicate that in bedform dominated rivers. Consequently, we suggest that sand‐bed river bifurcations are more likely to have an influence that extends much further upstream and have a greater impact upon water distribution. This may contribute to observed morphological differences between sand‐bedded and gravel‐bedded braided river networks. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.