Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Climate change and fisheries: perspectives from small-scale fishing communities in India on measures to protect life and livelihood

Through consultations with key ﬁsheries-based stakeholders in four States of India, this study attempts to assess perceptions of ﬁshing communities about the impact of climate change on their lives and livelihoods. It also evaluates the traditional knowledge, institutions and practices of ﬁshing communities that are relevant to climate-change preparedness. The study identifies adaptation and mitigation measures that may need to be adopted by ﬁshing communities and the State in relation to climate change. Based on this overall analysis, the study proposes measures to protect the lives and livelihoods of small-scale ﬁshing communities in the context of climate-change policies and programmes at different levels. This study will be useful for researchers, policymakers, students and anyone interested in climate change and its potential effects on the lives and livelihoods of small-scale fishing communities.
Layer-parallel Shortening Templates Associated with Double-edge Fault-propagation Folding

Pressure-solution cleavage is frequently among the most abundant mesostructures in carbonate thrust wedges. It can exert a primary function in fluid migration, and consequently, understanding its time-space evolution can significantly impact the reservoir modeling and performance. The evidence that pressure-solution cleavage is commonly at a high angle to bedding and, in many cases, displays a frequency distribution relating to the host-fold geometry indicates a partial synfolding development driven by fault-fold kinematics. Double-edge fault-propagation folding assumes layer-parallel shortening during fold evolution. Accordingly, this model can provide a tool for inferring the distribution of pressure-solution cleavage within thrust-related folds that, under appropriate stress conditions, can significantly improve secondary porosity and permeability in reservoirs. We summarize the pressure-solution cleavage pattern in three anticlines that have possibly developed by double-edge fault-propagation folding, and then we analyze the deformation patterns associated with double-edge fault-propagation folding, investigating the influence of different model parameters (i.e., ramp propagation history, shape, and initial length) onto the cross-sectional deformation pattern in fault-propagation anticlines. Modeling results indicate that, in carbonate thrust wedges, forelimb panels and footwall sectors close to the thrust ramp can provide promising targets for hydrocarbon exploration.
A New Velocity and Total Suspended Solid Measurement Device

The quality of field measurements in sewer systems relies on the spatial representativeness of the measurements. This study aims at field measurements of both velocity and total suspended solids (TSS) using a two dimensional sampler called Hydre. The device was implemented, tested and used in a sewer system for a range of hydraulic situations. This paper presents the principles of development and conception of the instrument. Analyses of the results demonstrate the ability of the device to provide robust TSS and velocity profiles in sewers for a range of flow conditions. L’evaluation des flux de polluants transitant dans les reseaux d’assainissement depend notamment de la representativite spatiale des mesures de vitesses et de concentrations en matieres en suspension. Cette problematique a ete etudiee experimentalement par des mesures dans des reseaux urbains. Un echantillonneur bidimensionnel, appele Hydre, a ete developpe et installe dans un collecteur. Il a permis d’etudier la repartition spatiale des vitesses et des concentrations pour une large gamme de contextes hydrauliques. Cet article presente la conception de cet echantillonneur. Les resultats sont presentes et discutes. Ils montrent la bonne homogeneite des concentrations dans la section mouillee.
IMPACT OF INTANGIBLE LOCATION ATTRIBUTES ON RESIDENTIAL PROPERTY VALUE IN NIGERIA

Urban violence in the form of ethnic and religious crises and even open warfare has been on the increase in many African cities in the recent years. Observation from literature shows that the role of intangible location attributes as mobilising agents are among the most important questions of this century as conflicts linked to ethnicity and religion have led to significant destruction of life and residential properties. Due to the number of crises in Jos metropolis over the last two decades, there has been a process of residential segregation along religious lines, dividing the city into predominantly Christian and Muslim areas. This thesis, therefore, attempts to examine the impact of intangible location attributes on the values of residential properties in Jos metropolis, Nigeria. Data were collected by interviews, self-administered surveys through questionnaire and direct observation. The stratified random sampling technique was employed in order to generate the data needed for the research. 1000 respondents and 10 consultancy firms were selected among the occupiers of residential properties and estate firms respectively, which form the sample size for the research. However, out of 1000 and 120 questionnaires administered to the respondents and estate firms respectively, only 876 and 110 were retrieved back. Simple percentage distribution tables, charts, graphs, thematic analysis, photographs and narrations among others were used to analyse the data for the research. The findings of the research revealed that intangible location attributes are the main indicators that influence the values of residential properties in the study area. It has also been established through the findings of this research that the intangible attributes of location have great implication on the values of residential properties in the study area. The results of the analysis show that there is relationship between intangible location attributes and provision, availability and maintenance of neighbourhood facilities in the study area. The research has contributed immensely to the existing body of knowledge on residential property value indicators by introducing intangible location attributes as additional and new phenomena that influence the values of residential properties in the study area. The research has thrown up challenges, especially in linking the importance of intangible location attributes in determining residential property value with construction and real estate management, valuation, and project development appraisal. There is an utmost need on the part of the estate surveyors and valuers and real estate appraisers to take into account intangible location attributes when carrying out valuation or feasibility and viability appraisals respectively in the study area. There is also a need on the part of the investors and property developers to take into consideration intangible attributes of location whenever they want to embark on real estate investment to avoid wasting of capital.
A note on long‐term variations of the African easterly jet

The African easterly jet (AEJ) is analysed at 600 hPa in August for the period 1948–2003. In most years, the jet reveals strong zonal asymmetries. In many cases a double‐core pattern is evident, such that a western (AEJ/w) and eastern (AEJ/e) component of the jet can be distinguished. The inter‐annual variations of intensity and latitude of the two components demonstrate markedly different behaviour. Intensity and latitude are negatively correlated for the AEJ/e while uncorrelated for AEJ/w. The latitude of the AEJ/w is also relatively invariant, while from year‐to‐year the latitude of the AEJ/e varies by some ten degrees. On inter‐decadal to multi‐decadal timescales, a decrease (increase) in mean intensity of the AEJ/w (AEJ/e) is apparent in the mid‐1970s, coincident with onset of the long dry period in the Sahel. The composite analysis of the wettest and driest 5‐year periods suggests that in the wet years the dominant core is the western one, while the eastern one is dominant in the dry years. Our explanation for the existence of the two cores and their disparate behaviour involves an inertial instability mechanism that controls the lower and mid‐tropospheric winds in the eastern portion of the AEJ (i.e. in the central and eastern Sahel). Copyright © 2010 Royal Meteorological Society
Order‐dependent sampling control for state estimation of uncertain fractional‐order neural networks system

In this paper, the problem of state estimation for a fractional‐order neural networks system with uncertainties is studied by a sampled‐data controller. First, considering the convenience of digital field, such as anti‐interference, not affected by noise, a novel sampled‐data controller is designed for the fractional‐order neural network system of uncertainties with changeable sampling time. In the light of the input delay approach, the sampled‐data control system of fractional‐order is simulated by the delay system. The main purpose of the presented method is to obtain a sampled‐data controller gain to estimate the state of neurons, which can guarantee the asymptotic stability of the closed‐loop fractional‐order system. Then, the fractional‐order Razumishin theorem and linear matrix inequalities (LMIs) are utilized to derive the stable conditions. Improved delay‐dependent and order‐dependent stability conditions are given in the form of LMIs. Furthermore, the sampled‐data controller can be acquired to promise the stability and stabilization for fractional‐order system. Finally, two numerical examples are proposed to demonstrate the effectiveness and advantages of the provided method.
Exhumation of Mesoarchean TTG gneisses from the middle crust: Insights from the Steynsdorp core complex, Barberton granitoid-greenstone terrain, South Africa

The processes leading to the assembly of supracrustal greenstone sequences and plutonic rocks of the trondhjemite-tonalite-granodiorite (TTG) suite, the two main building blocks of all Archean cratons, form a central aspect of our understanding of early continental growth. Key metamorphic and structural data are presented from granitoid-greenstone contacts in the Steynsdorp dome, the oldest and one of the best preserved parts of the Mesoarchean Barberton granitoid-greenstone in South Africa. Pressure and temperature estimates of P = 10–13 kbar and T = 640–660 °C from supracrustal rocks of the Steynsdorp dome indicate the burial of these rocks to depths >30–40 km during the main phase of collisional (D2) tectonics recorded in the terrane. Peak metamorphic assemblages define flattening-type fabrics, indicating crustal stacking of cool, rigid crust. The subsequent retrogression of rocks is associated with constrictional fabrics that are interpreted to have formed in response to the orogen-parallel extrusion and exhumation of rocks. The progressive retrogression of rocks and associated fabric development, unidirectional lineation and fold plunges, and consistent granitoid-up, greenstone-down kinematic indicators point to the exhumation of the TTG gneisses along an extensional detachment below the low-grade Barberton greenstone belt. The results are consistent with findings along the granitoid-greenstone contacts some 40 km west of the Steynsdorp area, and they indicate the regional extent of this metamorphic core complex and the allochthonous nature of the high-pressure, low-temperature terrane with respect to the rest of the greenstone belt. This also implies that the 3.45 Ga suite of TTG rocks south of the Barberton greenstone belt is unlikely to have represented the source of similar-aged volcanic rocks in the belt. More voluminous and larger extent of 3.45 Ga TTG plutonism represents a significant early crust-forming event in the Barberton terrain, the evidence of which has been obliterated during later episodes of tectonomagmatic recycling. The existence of the high-pressure, low-temperature terrane in the southern Barberton granitoid-greenstone terrain indicates the presence of a cool and rigid continental nucleus in the Mesoarchean around which plate-tectonic processes could initiate.
Evaluating Healthcare-Associated Infections in Public Hospitals: A Cross-Sectional Study

Background: Hospital-acquired infections (HAIs) pose a significant danger to global public health, mainly because their numbers are growing exponentially each year. Additionally, the rise of bacterial strains resistant to current treatment options further exacerbates this threat. This study aimed to examine the occurrences of HAIs identified in public hospitals at the county level. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study utilizing data provided to the Mures Public Health Directorate from all the public hospitals within the studied county. We examined HAIs reported during the period spanning from 2017 to 2021, which amounted to a total of 4603 cases. Results: The medical departments reported the highest prevalence of HAIs at 48.25%. The most common infections included enterocolitis with Clostridioides difficile (32.61%), COVID-19 (19.83%), bronchopneumonia (16.90%), sepsis, surgical wound infections, and urinary tract infections. The five most frequently identified pathogens were Clostridioides difficile (32.61%), SARS-CoV-2 (19.83%), Acinetobacter baumannii (11.82%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (9.58%), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (7.95%). Acinetobacter baumannii was the predominant agent causing bronchopneumonia, while Klebsiella pneumoniae was the leading cause of sepsis cases. Escherichia coli was the primary agent behind the urinary tract infections, and Staphylococcus aureus MRSA was identified as the main etiology for wound infections and central catheter infections. Throughout the study period, there was a significant rise in Clostridioides difficile and Gram-negative bacteria prevalence rates. Conclusions: This study identified increased Clostridioides difficile in HAI cases during COVID-19, highlighting the need for careful antibiotic use and emphasizing the growing challenge of multi-resistant strains in post-pandemic state hospitals.
Aerosol layer properties over Kyiv from AERONET/PHOTONS sunphotometer measurements during 2008–2009

The AErosol RObotic NETwork (AERONET) is one of the most developed ground-based networks for aerosol monitoring. Radiative measurements (solar irradiance extinction, aureole brightness and sky light polarization) are used by the AERONET inversion retrieval technique to derive a wide variety of aerosol particle properties and parameters that are important for estimations of aerosol influences on climate change. Within the framework of scientific cooperation between Université de Lille 1 and Taras Shevchenko National University (TSNU) of Kyiv (Kiev), a CIMEL CE 318-2 sunphotometer has been operating at Kyiv since March 2008. This article presents a preliminary analysis of the columnar aerosol properties retrieved from Kyiv sunphotometer measurements and one case study with unusual behaviour of the aerosol parameters. Version 2 of the AERONET inversion products (spectral aerosol optical thickness (AOT), the Ångström parameter (α), single-scattering albedo (SSA), size distribution and refractive index, and aerosol radiative forcing estimations) is considered in the analysis, demonstrating variability of aerosol properties and radiative forcing at the Kyiv observational site during a 1-year period.
Machine Learning Survival Models restrictions: the case of startups time to failed with collinearity-related issues

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 12pt; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;">This research evaluates the efficacy of survival models in forecasting startup failures and investigates their economic implications. Several machine learning survival models, including Kernel SVM, DeepSurv, Survival Random Forest, and MTLR, are assessed using the concordance index (C-index) as a measure of prediction accuracy. The findings reveal that more sophisticated models, such as Multi-Task Logical Regression (MTLR) and Random Forest, outperform the standard Cox and Kaplan Meier (K-M) models in terms of predicted accuracy. </span></p>
Nominal Assimilation: The Ethnic and National Identities of the Gitanos or Calé of Spain as Shown by their Surnames in the 1783–1785 Census

Abstract In 1783, the King of Spain Carlos III enacted the last Royal Order for the control and assimilation of Gitanos or Calé. The law required that local authorities listed the Gitanos living in their counties. The resulting census is the most important document on the Spanish Romani written during the ancien régime. Unfortunately, its data has never been studied in depth. This paper analyzes the surnames of the 12,037 Gitano persons identified in the census and finds 567 different heritable family names. Interestingly, 10% of these surnames identified 75% of the Gitano population. The analysis shows that Gitanos already had the same names they have today, and that it is possible to trace personal genealogies linking Gitano people from this census with people alive now, some fourteen generations later. Gitano surnames were all Hispanic and many of them of aristocratic origin. Some were common to all Gitano groups, but most followed regional patterns and were differentiated by region and even by province. Baptism, mixed marriages, and imitation of neighbors were the most likely sources for the adoption of these surnames. Gitanos also used personal and family nicknames in their communities, but their official names were a crucial part of their personal and collective identity. Resistance, opposition, and contrasting cultural strategies should not ignore the hybridizing and creative adaptations of the Romani peoples.
A global Chitinozoa biozonation for the Silurian

Abstract A global Chitinozoan biozonation for the Silurian Period is proposed. Each biozone is an interval range defined by the first occurrence of an index species, selected from well-defined species with a relatively short biostratigraphic range. To be included in the scheme, index species must have been recorded from at least two major Silurian palaeocontinents where usable Chitinozoa assemblages have been studied, that is, Avalonia—Baltica (which had already undergone collision by the Silurian), Laurentia, Gondwana and Southern China. Seventeen biozones are identified with seven in the Llandovery: the fragilis, postrobusta, electa, maennili, alargada, dolioliformis and longicollis biozones; four in the Wenlock: the margaritana, cingulata, pachycephala and lycoperdoides biozones; three in the Ludlow: the elongata, philipi and barrandei biozones; and three in the Přídolí: the kosovensis, elegans and superba biozones. Chronostratigraphic calibration is partly provided by reference to the range of the appropriate Chitinozoa index species in the global stratotype sections and points (GSSP) of the Silurian series, e.g. in Bohemia (Czech Republic) for the Přídolí and the Welsh Borderland in England for the Ludlow and part of the Wenlock. When this information was not available, independent biostratigraphic control was provided by calibration with graptolite biozones or in a few cases, conodont or trilobite biozonal schemes. The index and most characteristic species of each biozone are illustrated and their total stratigraphie range provided.
MEANDERING OF RIVERS

Abstract Among various factors that have influence on the meandering of an alluvial channel, the most significant are valley slope, discharge, bed material, and time. The necessary condition for the origin and development of meandering of an alluvial channel is the erosion of bed material and deposition of the eroded material downstream. The criterion for the development of the meandering is that the discharge must be equal to or greater than the critical discharge (i.e., discharge corresponding to critical shear velocity). The initial channel section has an effect on the development of meandering. The meandering in the V-shaped channels starts from the center (deepest point) of the channel and works inside the banks (inside meandering) before it windens the banks, While the meandering in the rectangular channels starts with the widening of the banks (outside meandering). Maender width increases with the increase in the increase discharge and slope, and decreases with the increase in size of bed material.
Analysis of Psychosocial Factors Affecting Dietary Behavior among People with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Indonesia

Dietary behavior is essential to diabetes self-management in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Understanding factors influencing diabetes self-management will help in designing appropriate intervention. The study aims to determine the effect of psychosocial on dietary behavior. This study was an analytical observational with a cross-sectional design. The sample size was 138 respondents recruited with multistage random sampling. Psychosocial factors were identified using; 1) Spoken Knowledge in Low Literacy patients with Diabetes Scale, 2) The Coping Scale, 3) Diabetes Distress Scale, 4) Hensarling Diabetes Family Support Scale, 5) Perceived nurse support questionnaire, while dietery behaviour was measured by Self-Management Dietary Behaviors Questionnaire. Data analysis used multiple linear regression. Among five psychosocial factors only two factors influenced dietary behaviour, such as; distress and perceived family support (p=0.004; p=0.001 < α=0.05). Meanwhile, knowledge, coping, and perceived nurse support did not affect diabetes diet (p=0.133; p=0.527; p=0.535 > α=0.05) with R2 = 0.275 (F=11.148; p=0.001 <α=0.05). Distress and perceived family support are two psychosocial factors that can affect dietary behavior. Preventing the occurrence of distress and increasing family support are important to improve dietary behavior adherence in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Pneumonia and tuberculosis detection with chest x-ray images and medical records using deep learning techniques

Pneumonia and tuberculosis are the major public health problems worldwide. These diseases affect the lungs, and if they are not diagnosed properly in time, they can become a fatal health problem. Chest x-ray images are widely used to detect and diagnose Pneumonia and Tuberculosis disease. Detection of Pneumonia and Tuberculosis from chest x-ray images is difficult and requires experience due to the similar pathological features of the diseases. Sometimes a misdiagnosis of the disease occurs due to this similarity. Several researchers used deep learning and machine learning techniques to solve this misdiagnosis problem. However, these studies used the chest x-ray images only to develop Pneumonia and Tuberculosis disease detection models. But using the chest x-ray images alone cannot necessarily lead to accurate disease detection and classification. In the traditional or manual approach, medical records are required to support and correctly interpret the chest x-ray images in the appropriate clinical context. This study develops a multi-input Pneumonia and Tuberculosis detection model using chest x-ray images and medical records to follow the clinical procedure. The study applied a Convolutional Neural Network for the chest x-ray image data and a Multilayer perceptron for the medical record data to develop the models. We implemented feature-level concatenation to join the output feature vectors from the Convolutional Neural Network and a Multilayer perceptron for the development of the disease detection model. For the purpose of comparison, we also developed image-only and medical record-only models. Consequently, the image-only model gives an accuracy of 92.68%, the medical record-only model results in 98.72% accuracy, and the combined model accuracy is improved to 99.61%. In general, the study shows that the fusion of the chest x-ray and the medical records leads to better accuracy and is more similar to the clinical approach.