Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A comparative analysis of fuzzy logic and PI speed control in high performance AC drives using experimental approach

One of the frequently discussed applications of artificial intelligence in motion control is the replacement of a standard PI speed controller with a fuzzy logic (FL) speed controller. Regardless of all the work, it appears that a thorough comparison of the drive behaviour under PI and FL speed control, using an experimental rig, is still missing. This paper attempts to fill in this gap, by providing an in-depth comparison of operation of a vector controlled permanent magnet synchronous motor. Speed responses, obtained under PI and FL speed control, are recorded and compared for a variety of operating conditions. The transients studied include response to large step speed command from standstill with nominal inertia and an increased inertia, response to small step speed reference change, response to step load torque application and reversing transient. The transient behaviour is examined for various initial speed settings, so that a thorough comparison is enabled. It is shown that superiority of the FL speed control is much less pronounced than it is often portrayed in literature on the basis of limited comparisons. Indeed, in a number of cases PI speed control provided a superior speed response.
Development of virtual reliability methodology for area-array devices used in implantable and automotive applications

The number of thermal cycles, the temperature range, and the time of dwell used for qualifying a microelectronic package should be based on the type of application the package is intended for. However, in the absence of specific guidelines, the industrial practice is to subject the devices to military-standard qualification tests without adequate consideration for the application the devices are intended for. This work aims at developing temperature cycling guidelines for packages used in implantable medical devices and automotive applications taking into consideration the thermal history associated with the field conditions. Numerical models have been developed that take the time- and temperature-dependent behavior of the solder joints and the viscoelastic behavior of the underfill besides the temperature-dependent orthotropic properties of the substrate for a flip-chip on board (FCOB) assembly and a flip chip chip-scale package (FCCSP) on organic board assembly. The models account for solder reflow process, underfill cure process, and burn-in testing of the devices. Qualification temperature cycling guidelines have been developed for implantable devices based on the information collected in terms of shipping, EM sterilization, and implantation temperature profiles, and for the automotive devices based on the representative field conditions.
Diffusion of green building guidelines as innovation in developing countries

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to comprehend the ways of knowledge and application of green building guidelines and assessment systems as innovations diffuse in developing countries’ Architecture Engineering and Construction (AEC) industries. Design/methodology/approach – Building up on recent research on the India case, this study focused on Indonesia and Turkey and further studied “how green building assessment systems diffuse in developing countries”. A total of 110 experts representing individuals from private and governmental sectors from both countries responded to the conducted survey. Findings – Findings show insights to adoption of green building guidelines in developing countries, including their diffusion paths, barriers to their use and their applications. Additionally, the results are compared with the India case from the recent literature and analysed via the lens of the diffusion of innovation theory. Research limitations/implications – A random sampling of the AEC industries in dev.
Wireless local positioning

Local positioning will be one of the most exciting features of the next generation of wireless systems. Completely new concepts and features for wireless data transmission and transponder systems will emerge. Self-organizing sensor networks, ubiquitous computing, location sensitive billing, context dependent information services, tracking and guiding are only some of the numerous possible application areas. This article introduces different concepts of several existing and emerging systems and applications.
A review of curriculum design for Building Information Modelling

A study by Ahmed et al (2014) concluded that knowledge of health and safety regulations, interpreting contract documents, listening ability/ giving attention to details, knowledge of building codes and regulations, and time management are the five most important skills desirable in a new hire (sic) in construction management. Current literature and local research conducted with employers strongly indicates that skills associated with Building Information Modelling (BIM) will rank highly in skills demanded of future graduates in the built environment disciplines. The UK Government’s Construction Strategy, 2011, mandates BIM implementation on all publicly procured projects, at level 2 by spring 2016. Learning outcomes were initially developed by the BIM Task Group to support the government’s BIM strategy with the intention of releasing a formal BIM skills benchmark in spring 2013. The report entitled “Embedding Building Information Modelling (BIM) within the taught curriculum” by the HEA and BIM Academic Forum (BAF) was published towards the end of June 2013, providing a BIM teaching impact matrix, guidance on BIM maturity within courses and suggested Learning Outcomes at levels 4, 5 and 6. The Quantity Surveying (QS) programme at the authors’ university developed some of the first BIM related modules within the School of the Built Environment and these were first delivered in the 2011-12 academic year. This study will review these BIM modules to evaluate their suitability for the QS curriculum and their application to industry using surveys of key stakeholders, primarily students, tutors and employers with the intention of developing a curriculum design for a standard module set that could be delivered across all courses associated with the built environment.
Equal Reverberance Matching of Music

This study explores the reverberance of music in simulated auditoria. It investigates the effects of gain on the reverberance of an anechoic music recording convolved with auditorium impulse responses. Based on objective loudness modelling, our hypothesis is that gain has a positive effect on reverberance (even though it has no effect on reverberation time). In a subjective experiment, participants adjusted decay rate of auditorium impulse responses convolved with an anechoic music sample in order to match the reverberance of each music stimulus to that of a reference music sample. Results support the hypothesis, and are similar to those of a previous study in which auditorium impulse responses (without convolution) were matched similarly for reverberance.
SOIL COMPACTION AND CROP RESPONSE TO WHEAT/SOYBEAN INTERSEEDING

ABSTRACT Tests were conducted in Coastal Plain soils for three years to determine proper fall primary tillage for a system that supports interseeding soybean into standing wheat. The residual effects of various tillage systems and controlled traffic on soybean yield, crop response, and hardpan formation were determined. Use of a Paratill greatly reduced soil compaction, especially in the E horizon. For each tillage system, there were no significant differences in cone index values measured two and eight months after tillage in non-traffic rows. A good correlation between average soil cone index in the E horizon and soybean root length was demonstrated. Deep tillage significantly increased wheat and soybean yields. Interseeded soybean consistently yielded more than double-cropped soybean planted after wheat harvest at irrigated and non-irrigated locations. Due to controlled traffic patterns associated with the interseeding system, only one deep tillage operation before small grain seeding is required for the wheat/soybean double-cropping system. The residual effect of deep tillage operations will extend for one additional year when interseeding is practiced in costal plain soils.
Discussion: “Experimental Investigation of Fully Plastic Contact of a Sphere Against a Hard Flat” (Jamari, J., and Schipper, D. J., 2006, ASME J. Tribol., 128, pp. 230–235)

The authors should be commended for tackling a subject that is n much need of additional experimental investigations. It is very ifficult to make these measurements, and the authors have made very significant contribution to the field by doing so. There are everal issues in this work, however, that need to be addressed efore a direct comparison between experimental and numerical esults can be made. First, the method outlined for measuring the real area of contact ctually measures the deformed profile of the surface after it is nloaded. Due to some elastic recovery even in the fully plastic egime , this profile will be different than the profile during conact. An alternative might be to compare this unloaded profile to he results of 1,2 Refs. 21 and 22 of the authors’ paper . It is nown that the area that had been in contact after unloading is maller than the contact area during loading. Moreover, since the ontact area is proportional to the square of the radius, and the easured contact radius is fairly small, then what is the lateral esolution of the used profilometer as this might affect the reorted error ? It is also apparent from the deformed profile that he roughness of the surfaces could have an effect on the observed esults since the profile is not “smooth. ” The authors state that no strain hardening occurs in the mateial, while there is still a noticeable increase in the measured Vickrs hardness from 1.15 to 1.2 GPa. Considering how close the
Adaptive Iterative Learning Control for Robot Manipulators with Time-varying Parameters and Arbitrary Initial Errors

In this paper, a novel error-tracking adaptive iterative learning control scheme is proposed to solve trajectory-tracking problem for a class of robot manipulators with time-varying parameters and arbitrary initial errors. Firstly, desired error trajectories are constructed for implementing error tracking strategy in the robotic systems, so as to relax the requirement of zero initial errors, which is usually assumed to be met in traditional iterative learning control algorithms. Secondly, with the help of reasonable parameterization to the robotic dynamics, the adaptive iterative control law is designed by using Lyapunov approach. Projection-free combined time-domain and iteration-domain adaptive learning strategy is adopted to estimate the unknown time-invariant parametric uncertainties, and difference learning strategy is adopted to estimate unknown time-varying parametric uncertainties. As the iteration number increases, the system error follows its desired error trajectory over the whole interval. As a result, system state can perfectly track the reference signal in the predetermined part interval. In the end, several numerical simulations are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the designed control scheme.
Qualitative correlation of marine mammals with physical and biological parameters in the Ligurian Sea

In support of its acoustic risk mitigation policy, NATO SACLANT Undersea Research Centre (SACLANTCEN) is sponsoring a series of sea trials, entitled "Sirena" to collect a multiyear integrated oceanographic, biological, and hydrographic data set, the goal being to explain, based on these parameters, the distribution of marine mammals found in specific locations. By understanding how ocean dynamics affects the distribution and behavior of whales and the organisms forming the food web upon which the whales feed, it may be possible to conduct acoustic exercises in areas of low cetacean density. The first two Sirena multidisciplinary cruises were conducted in the Ligurian Sea in late summer time frame during 1999 and 2000. The focus of this analysis is to determine whether remotely sensed satellite data can indicate nutrient-rich regions in areas where the oceanography is known and to determine if these regions of higher productivity, coupled with knowledge of cetacean presence from all available sources, could be used as an indicator of marine mammal presence for acoustic risk mitigation purposes. For the two years of data examined, cooler sea-surface temperature data correlated with high levels of chlorophyll production as seen by remotely sensed images. This remotely sensed data correlated well with measured subsurface values of the same parameters. Coincident sightings of three species of marine mammals indicated that fin and sperm whales generally preferred the deep, nutrient-rich portion of the basin while Cuvier's beaked whales preferred a submarine canyon where there is a frontal influence, as indicated from satellite data and historical oceanography. This paper is intended as a contribution to the longer term objective of developing the means to accurately predict cetacean presence from physical oceanographic characteristics.
What Drives Variation in Investor Portfolios? Evidence from Retirement Plans

We study empirical patterns in investment behavior using a comprehensive data set of deﬁned contribution plans. Using plan-level portfolio allocation data for the near universe of 401(k) plans over the period 2009-2019, we document substantial differences in investment behavior across plans. Plans with wealthier and more educated participants tend to have higher equity exposure while plans with more retirees and minorities tend to have lower equity exposure. These patterns cannot be explained by differences in 401(k) menus or participation costs. To help interpret these facts, we use a revealed preference approach to estimate investors’ expectations of stock market returns and risk aversion, where we allow investors to have heterogeneous risk aversion and subjective and potentially biased beliefs. We ﬁnd that there is substantial variation in both beliefs and risk aversion across investors and over time, and that both sources of variation help explain investors’ portfolio decisions. We also provide new evidence to understand how investors form beliefs. We ﬁnd that investors extrapolate beliefs from past fund returns even when they initially allocate portfolios in new plans. We also ﬁnd that investors extrapolate beliefs about the market from the past performance of their employer, which suggests that investor experience helps shape beliefs.
Inverse Association between High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol and Adverse Outcomes among Acute Ischemic Stroke Patients with Diabetes Mellitus

A low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) level is an identified risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. However, results on the association between HDL-C levels and adverse outcomes in diabetic status still remain limited and controversial. Herein, we evaluated the association between HDL-C levels and adverse outcomes among acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients with diabetes mellitus. The cohort comprised 3824 AIS patients with diabetes mellitus (62.7 ± 10.5 years; 34.2% women) from the Third China National Stroke Registry (n = 15,166). Patients were classified into five groups by quintiles of HDL-C. The outcomes included recurrent stroke and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) within 1 year. The relationship between HDL-C levels and the risk of adverse outcomes was analyzed by Cox proportional hazards models. Patients in the lowest quintile of HDL-C had a higher risk of recurrent stroke (hazard ratio (HR) 1.59, 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.12–2.25) and MACEs (HR 1.53, 95% CI, 1.09–2.15) during 1-year follow-up compared with those in the highest quintile of HDL-C. There were linear associations between HDL-C levels and the risks of both recurrent stroke and MACEs. Low HDL-C levels were associated with higher risks of recurrent stroke and MACEs within 1 year in AIS patients with diabetes mellitus.
Modeling of Temperature Profiles in a Concrete Slab under Climatic Exposure

Effects of surrounding climate give temperature variations in both time and space for concrete structures. The associated thermal strains may give rise to stresses and cracking due to external or internal restraint. This will affect the performance of the structure. It is therefore important to analyze the temperature variations and the extreme situations that can occur. To predict the dynamic thermal conditions in concrete structures a finite element model has been developed. The ability of the model to describe various boundary conditions such as solar radiation, outgoing long-wave radiation and convection correctly is investigated in this paper. Field temperature measurements in a concrete slab placed outdoor are used for the validation. The necessary climatic input data for the model were obtained from measurements in the vicinity of the slab. The results show that the model can describe the effects from different climatic factors in extreme situations with good accuracy and is well suited to use in further studies. (Less)
Determinant Factors of Stunting in Under-Five Children

BACKGROUND: The high rate of stunting cases is a serious nutritious problem that still persists in Indonesia. The problem is potentially impactful on the quality of the country’s human resources. AIM: This present study aimed to analyze the determinant factors of stunting cases in 24–59-month-old children in the working area of Puskesmas or Community Health Center in Kota Tengah, Gorontalo. METHOD: The case-control survey analytical research involved a case population of 34 people and a control population of 34 people. All the participants were 24–59 months old. All case populations were treated as the research subject, while the control population was calculated based on the formula. A simple random sampling technique was employed to acquire the sample in the control group. The study involved independent variables of birth length, birth weight, provision of exclusive breastfeeding, and the number of siblings. Meanwhile, the dependent variable was the stunting cases in 24–59-month-old children. The data were analyzed by Chi-square (χ2) and multiple logistic regression statistical tests. RESULTS: The bivariate analysis that used the Chi-square suggested that the birth length (0.001) < (0.05), birth weight (0.003) < (0.05), and provision of exclusive breastfeeding (0.000) < (0.05) were the factors of stunting cases. Meanwhile, parity (1.72) > (0.05) was not a factor of stunting. Moreover, the multivariate analysis involving multiple logistic regression tests indicated that the provision of exclusive breastfeeding (0.006) served as the determinant factor of stunting cases. CONCLUSIONS: The provision of exclusive breastfeeding is the most significant determinant factor of stunting cases.
Reduction in opioid use with perioperative non-pharmacologic analgesia in total knee arthroplasty and ACL reconstruction: a systematic review

Introduction: The world’s opioid epidemic has gotten increasingly severe over the last several decades and projects to continue worsening. Orthopedic surgery is the largest contributor to this epidemic, accounting for 8.8% of postoperative opioid dependence cases. Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) and anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction are commonly performed orthopedic operations heavily reliant on opioids as the primary analgesic in the peri- and immediate postoperative period. These downfalls highlight the pressing need for an alternate, non-pharmacologic analgesic to reduce postoperative opioid use in orthopedic patients. The presented systematic review aimed to analyze and compare the most promising non-pharmacologic analgesic interventions in the available literature to guide future research in such a novel field. Methods: A systematic search of PubMed, MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane, and Web of Science was performed for studies published before July 2020 based on the PRISMA (preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses) guidelines, and the obtained manuscripts were evaluated for inclusion or exclusion against strict, pre-determined criteria. Risk-of-bias and GRADE (grades of recommendation, assessment, development, and evaluation) assessments were then performed on all included studies. Results: Six studies were deemed fit for inclusion, investigating three non-pharmacologic analgesics: percutaneous peripheral nerve stimulation, cryoneurolysis, and auricular acupressure. All three successfully reduced postoperative opioid use while simultaneously maintaining the safety and efficacy of the procedure. Discussion: The results indicate that all three presented non-pharmacologic analgesic interventions are viable and warrant future research. That said, because of its slight advantages in postoperative pain control and operational outcomes, cryoneurolysis seems to be the most promising. Further research and eventual clinical implementation of these analgesics is not only warranted but should be a priority because of their vast potential to reduce orthopedics surgeries’ contribution to the opioid epidemic.
S100B Protein as a Therapeutic Target in Multiple Sclerosis: The S100B Inhibitor Arundic Acid Protects from Chronic Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis

S100B is an astrocytic protein behaving at high concentration as a damage-associated molecular pattern molecule. A direct correlation between the increased amount of S100B and inflammatory processes has been demonstrated, and in particular, the inhibitor of S100B activity pentamidine has been shown to ameliorate clinical scores and neuropathologic-biomolecular parameters in the relapsing-remitting experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis mouse model of multiple sclerosis. This study investigates the effect of arundic acid (AA), a known inhibitor of astrocytic S100B synthesis, in the chronic experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, which is another mouse model of multiple sclerosis usually studied. By the daily evaluation of clinical scores and neuropathologic-molecular analysis performed in the spinal cord, we observed that the AA-treated group showed lower severity compared to the vehicle-treated mice, particularly in the early phase of disease onset. We also observed a significant reduction of astrocytosis, demyelination, immune infiltrates, proinflammatory cytokines expression and enzymatic oxidative reactivity in the AA-treated group. Overall, our results reinforce the involvement of S100B in the development of animal models of multiple sclerosis and propose AA targeting the S100B protein as a focused potential drug to be considered for multiple sclerosis treatment.
Design of a sensor to predict arcing faults in nuclear switchgear

The US Navy made a major step forward in the protection of switchgear from arcing faults with the installation of Arc Fault Detection Systems beginning in 1990. These systems have a proven history of responding to arcs quickly enough to minimize damage and have reliability high enough to be certified for use in nuclear reactor power systems. However, all damage is not eliminated and loss of power never occurs at a convenient time. The predominant cause of arcing failures in Navy switchboards has been identified. Test data that confirms how these failures develop will be discussed. A low cost sensor has been designed that will allow the detection of the majority of impending arcing failures by performing Continuous Thermal Monitoring of the switchboard. A single detector can determine if a connection within the switchboard has exceeded 300/spl deg/C, which is well below the 1083/spl deg/C needed to melt copper. The operator is notified upon the detection of an impending failure and corrective action can be taken before arcing occurs. Details of the development of the sensor will be discussed.