Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Response of Soil Microbial Community to C:N:P Stoichiometry along a Caragana korshinskii Restoration Gradient on the Loess Plateau, China

Soil microorganisms play crucial roles between plants and soil following afforestation. However, the relationship between the microbial community and carbon:nitrogen:phosphorus (C:N:P) stoichiometry in the plant–soil–microbe continuum remains unclear. In this study, we investigated this relationship by collecting plant and soil samples from Caragana korshinskii Kom. plantations with different years of afforestation (17-, 32-, and 42-year-old plantations), and from farmland. Illumina sequencing of the 16S rRNA and internal transcribed spacer (ITS) ribosomal RNA was used to examine the soil microbial community and the C, N, and P concentrations in plants, soil, and microbial biomass. Other soil characteristics were also measured. The results showed that the C and N concentrations in plants (leaves, herbs, and litter), soil, and microbial biomass increased as the vegetation restoration stage increased, but the P concentration in leaves and herbs slightly decreased. The C:P and N:P ratios in the plant–soil–microbe continuum substantially increased over time, particularly that of the microbial biomass. These results suggest that the unbalanced increase of C, N, and P following vegetation restoration may result in a P limitation in plant–soil systems. Moreover, bacterial and fungal alpha diversity significantly increased following afforestation. Afforestation had a greater impact on bacterial diversity (both alpha and beta diversity) than did fungal diversity. Among the dominant bacterial taxa, Proteobacteria increased significantly with afforestation time, whereas Actinobacteria decreased and Acidobacteria peaked in 32-year-old C. korshinskii plantations. However, there were no significant changes in the dominant fungal taxa. Collectively, we found that microbial diversity and dominant phyla were closely associated with the C:P and N:P ratios in the plant–soil–microbe continuum, particularly the N:P ratio. These results suggest that microbial diversity and composition may be limited by the imbalances of C, N, and especially P in afforested ecosystems, which provides evidence of linkages between microbial diversity and plant–soil systems in afforested ecosystems and could help in improving the predictions of sustainably restoring C. korshinskii plantations.
Crystal structure of 3-{5-[(2-chlorophenyl)carbonyl]-2-oxo-1,3- benzothiazol-3(2H)-yl}propanoic acid, C17H12ClNO4S

C17H12ClNO4S, monoclinic, P121/c1 (no. 14), a = 13.1203(8) Å, b = 16.6201(9) Å, c = 7.7539(4) Å, ) = 103.559(5)°, V = 1643.7 Å, Z = 4, Rgt(F) = 0.046, wRref(F ) = 0.131, T = 296 K. Source of material 3-[6-(2-chlorobenzoyl)-2-oxo-1,3-benzothiazol-3-yl]propanenitrile (10.0 mmol) was added to (50 mL) of a N,N-dimethylformamid/water/sulphuric acid mixture (1:1:2). After stirring at room temperature for 2 hours, the mixture was refluxed for 4 hours, and after cooling to the room temperature, it was poured into ice water (100 g). The precipitate formed was filtered by suction filtration, washed with water, dried, and crystallized from the methanol to yield 75 % (m.p. 423 424 K). H NMR and IR data are available in the CIF. Experimental details H atoms were positioned geometrically and refined using a riding model [d(O—H) = 0.82 Å, d(C—H) = 0.93 0.97 Å, and Uiso(H) = 1.2 Ueq(C) and 1.5 Ueq(O)].
Two new African and Madagascan species of the genus Holochlora (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae, Phaneropterinae)

Two new species, Holochlora mauritiana and H. ingrischi from the island of Mauritius and Zimbabwe, respectively, are described. Along with a third species, H. biloba Stal, 1874 from Madagascar, they are the sole African representatives of the mostly Oriental genus Holochlora Stal, 1873, including ca. 60 taxa distributed from India to China. Preliminary hypotheses on biogeographical and evolutionary origin of Afro-Madagascan Holochlora species are shortly discussed.
ENRICHING WALKING ROUTES WITH TOURISM ATTRACTIONS RETRIEVED FROM CROWDSOURCED USER GENERATED DATA

Abstract. It is always a tourism challenge – and aspiration – to discover scenery routes and tourism attractions in unfamiliar areas. Tourism information is getting more extensive, comprehensive and complex, so first-time tourists have to manage and mine large volumes of data to better plan their trip. Nowadays, geotagged photos are uploaded by users to social media photo-sharing online websites, which become more popular and commonly used by travelers to share their tourism experiences. Handling, mining and interpreting these user-generated ‘digital footprints’ can be used to reconstruct travel trajectories of users to recover their activity and knowledge. In this research, we showcase Flickr geotagged crowdsource photo database as a source for mining users’ trajectories to effectively compute walking tourism routes. Our methodology mines tourism context by conceptualizing a set of adaptive spatiotemporal descriptors to identify photographers that show tourism activity of first-time visitors. By implementing spatial clustering, we find popular locations that are traversed by these tourism-oriented photographers’ trajectories. To analyze our approach, we develop a greedy route computation algorithm that seeks the most popular traversed locations between origin and destination points defined by the user. Results for two cities are presented, proving the robust mining and retrieving of valuable tourism context and information from social media photos. We evaluate and validate our results by comparing the computed walking routes to recognized tourism information. The computed walking routes are scenery and pass through the main popular tourism sights and landmarks in the city, including additional attractive places that are frequently visited by tourism-photographers.
Influence of Plant Biostimulant as Technique to Harden Citrus Nursery Plants before Transplanting to the Field

The supply of commercial plant biostimulants (PB) for sustainable agriculture is currently very broad but also confusing, as there is little information on their use to mitigate the negative effects of water stress on plants growing in areas of water scarcity. The issue addressed in this article deals with the effects of Amalgerol®, a PB and soil conditioner mainly based on seaweed extracts (SWEs), on the water relations and the growth patterns of mandarin trees grown in pots and their response to a subsequent period of water stress compared with un-treated plants. When the SWE treatment accumulated 75 mL of product, plants exhibited an increase in vegetative growth and higher values of gas exchange rate, with 57% higher substrate microbiological activity than un-treated plants. After this, the irrigation was completely suppressed in all plants until a mean threshold value of −1.6 MPa of midday stem water potential was reached, and it was then reestablished after 7 consecutive days. The un-treated plants showed a higher level of water stress, around 0.4–0.7 MPa, compared to the treated ones, recovering at least three days after irrigation recovery. Furthermore, the presence of mycorrhized roots was 60% higher than un-treated plants, which resulted in greater resistance to water stress. The use of Amalgerol® resulted in a good complement for mineral plant fertilization in semi-arid agrosystems, where water resources are limited, allowing the hardening of citrus nursery plants, which can contribute to their more efficient field transplantation in water scarcity areas.
Metasurfaces for Reconfiguration of Multi-Polarization Antennas and Van Atta Reflector Arrays

This paper discusses the application of metasurfaces for three different classes of antennas: reconfiguration of surface-wave antenna arrays, realization of high-gain polarization-reconfigurable leaky-wave antennas (LWAs), and performance enhancement of van Atta retrodirective reflectors. The proposed surface-wave antenna is designed by embedding four square ring elements within a metasurface, which improves matching and enhances the gain when compared to conventional square-ring arrays. The design for linear polarization comprises of a 1 × 4 arrangement of ring elements, with a 0. 56λ spacing, placed amidst periodic patches. A 2 × 2 arrangement of ring elements is utilized for reconfiguration from linear to circular polarization, where a similar peak gain with better port isolation is realized. A prototype of the 2 × 2 array is fabricated and measured; a good agreement is observed between simulations and measurements. In addition, the concepts of the design of polarization-diverse holographic metasurface LWAs that form a pencil beam in the desired direction with a reconfigurable polarization are discussed. Moreover, recent developments incorporating polarization-reconfigurability in metasurface LWAs are briefly reviewed. In the end, the theory of van Atta arrays is outlined and their monostatic RCS is reviewed. A conventional retrodirective array is designed using aperture-coupled patch antennas with a microstrip-line feeding network, where the scattering from the structure itself degrades the performance of the reflector. This is followed by the integration of judiciously synthesized metasurfaces to reconfigure and improve the performance of retrodirective reflectarrays by removing the above-mentioned undesired scattering from the structure.
Effect of soil moisture during stratification on dormancy release in seeds of five common weed species

Although the effects of cold stratification on the release of physiological dormancy in seeds have been studied extensively, knowledge of the role of soil moisture content on seed dormancy release during cold stratification is limited. Our study determined seed dormancy characteristics and the effect of soil moisture content on seed dormancy breakage during cold stratification in the five common weed species Amaranthus retroflexus, Chenopodium album, Chenopodium hybridum, Plantago lanceolata and Setaria glauca. Seeds of all five species were dormant at the time of harvest and their germination response to light and temperature varied. Soil moisture content had a significant effect on seed dormancy release of all species except P.lanceolata. Germination percentage of A.retroflexus, C.album, C.hybridum increased and then decreased as soil moisture content increased, regardless of germination test temperature. The optimal soil moisture content and seed moisture content for dormancy breakage of A.retroflexus, C.album, C.hybridum were 8%, 12%, 8% and 22.0%, 37.7%, 25.7% respectively. Dry storage (after-ripening) significantly increased germination of S.glauca. Moreover, increasing soil moisture content first slowed and then increased dormancy breakage in S.glauca. These results suggest that data on soil moisture content should be incorporated into models that predict weed seed dormancy breakage and timing of seedling emergence as well as those for weed management.
Analysis of a Gigantic Jet in Southern China: Morphology, Meteorology, Storm Evolution, Lightning, and Narrow Bipolar Events

At about 22:43:30 BJT (Beijing Time = UTC + 8) on 13 August 2016, two amateur astronomers in Shikengkong, Guangdong province, and Jiahe County, Hunan province, respectively, fortuitously captured a gigantic jet (GJ) event simultaneously, and the GJ exact location could be triangulated. The parent thunderstorm was in a very humid environment (Precipitable Water [PWAT] in excess of 60 mm), featuring high convective available potential energy (CAPE of 2,428 J/kg). The GJ occurred in the region with the coldest cloud top brightness temperature of −64 °C, suggesting the GJ was associated with strong vertical development of the thunderstorm. The vertical cross sections of radar reflectivity also show that the GJ occurred near the thunderstorm strong convection region (overshooting top). The negative cloud‐to‐ground flashes dominated during the thunderstorm evolution. Three positive narrow bipolar events (NBEs) were detected within 30 s before and after the GJ. It indicates that the NBEs were occurred in the upper and middle layers of the thunderstorm (altitude of 11–13 km) with radar reflectivity of 30–35 dBZ.
Sources and characteristics of size-resolved particulate organic acids and methanesulfonate in a coastal megacity: Manila, Philippines

Abstract. A 16-month (July 2018–October 2019) dataset of size-resolved aerosol composition is used to examine the sources and characteristics of five organic acids (oxalate, succinate, adipate, maleate, phthalate) and methanesulfonate (MSA) in Metro Manila, Philippines. As one of the most polluted megacities globally, Metro Manila offers a view of how diverse sources and meteorology impact the relative amounts and size distributions of these species. A total of 66 sample sets were collected with a Micro-Orifice Uniform Deposit Impactor (MOUDI), of which 54 sets were analyzed for composition. Organic acids and MSA surprisingly were less abundant than in other global regions that are also densely populated. The combined species accounted for an average of 0.80 ± 0.66 % of total gravimetric mass between 0.056 and 18 µm, still leaving 33.74 % of mass unaccounted for after considering black carbon and water-soluble ions and elements. The unresolved mass is suggested to consist of non-water-soluble metals as well as both water-soluble and non-water-soluble organics. Oxalate was approximately an order of magnitude more abundant than the other five species (149 ± 94 ng m−3 versus others being < 10 ng m−3) across the 0.056–18 µm size range. Both positive matrix factorization (PMF) and correlation analysis are conducted with tracer species to investigate the possible sources of organic acids and MSA. Enhanced biomass burning influence in the 2018 southwest monsoon resulted in especially high levels of submicrometer succinate, MSA, oxalate, and phthalate. Peculiarly, MSA had negligible contributions from marine sources but instead was linked to biomass burning and combustion. Enhanced precipitation during the two monsoon seasons (8 June–4 October 2018 and 14 June–7 October 2019) coincided with a stronger influence from local emissions rather than long-range transport, leading to notable concentration enhancements in both the sub- and supermicrometer ranges for some species (e.g., maleate and phthalate). While secondary formation via gas-to-particle conversion is consistent with submicrometer peaks for the organic acids and MSA, several species (i.e., phthalate, adipate, succinate, oxalate) exhibited a prominent peak in the coarse mode, largely owing to their association with crustal emissions (i.e., more alkaline aerosol type) rather than sea salt. Oxalate's strong association with sulfate in the submicrometer mode supports an aqueous-phase formation pathway for the study region. However, high concentrations during periods of low rain and high solar radiation suggest photo-oxidation is an important formation pathway.
Neurodegeneration of the human globus pallidus in Huntington’s disease

ii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS . iii List of Figures . xiii List of Tables . xvii List of Equations . xviii CHAPTER 1: GENERAL INTRODUCTION . 1 CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW . 4 2.1 Huntington’s disease . 4 2.1.
KEMAMPUAN PEMAHAMAN KONSEP MATEMATIKA SISWA DITINJAU DARI MINAT BELAJAR DAN GENDER

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kemampuan pemahaman konsep matematika siswa kelas X IIS SMA Negeri 1 Jelimpo tahun ajaran 2018/2019 ditinjau dari Minat Belajar dan Gender. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif. Pemilihan subjek dengan purposive sampling. Pengumpulan data dengan metode tes dan wawancara. Validitas data menggunakan triangulasi metode. Hasil penelitian adalah siswa laki-laki dan perempuan dengan minat belajar tinggi mempunyai kemampuan pemahaman konsep yaitu mampu menjelaskan, menerapkan hubungan antara konsep dan prosedur, dan memberikan contoh dan bukan contoh tetapi tidak mampu mengembangkan konsep. Siswa laki-laki dengan minat belajar sedang yaitu mampu menjelaskan dan memberikan contoh dan bukan contoh, tetapi kurang mampu menerapkan hubungan antara konsep dan prosedur serta tidak mampu mengembangkan konsep. Siswa perempuan dengan minat belajar sedang mampu menjelaskan, menerapkan hubungan antara konsep dan prosedur, dan memberikan contoh dan bukan contoh tetapi tidak mampu mengembangkan konsep. Siswa laki-laki dengan minat belajar rendah mampu menerapkan hubungan antara konsep dan prosedur dan memberikan contoh dan bukan contoh tetapi tidak mampu menjelaskan dan mengembangkan konsep. Siswa perempuan dengan minat belajar rendah tidak mampu menjelaskan, tidak mampu menerapkan hubungan antara konsep dan prosedur, tidak mampu memberikan contoh dan bukan contoh, dan tidak mampu mengembangkan konsep yang telah dipelajari.
EFFECT OF DIETARY SUPPLEMENTATION OF POMEGRANATE PEEL POWDER AND BUTYLATED HYDROXY TOLUENE ON SOME PRODUCTIVE, PHYSIOLOGICAL AND IMMUNOLOGICAL PARAMETERS OF JAPANESE QUAIL

SUMMARY This experiment aimed to study the effect of pomegranate peel powder (PPP) and butylated hydroxy toluene (BHT) on some productive, physiological and immunological parameters of Japanese quails. One hundred and eighty Japanese quails aged 11 weeks old were randomly divided into four treated groups, each group contain 3 replicates 15 bird each. The first group was fed control diet without any supplementation. While, the second and third groups were fed on diet containing 10 and 15 g PPP/kg respectively, and the fourth group were fed on diet containing 125 g/ton BHT. The results indicated that: 1- Pomegranate peel treatments powder significantly increased body weight gain, while, feed intake and feed conversion were significantly lower in all treated groups compared with control group. 2-Egg production traits (egg number, egg weight and egg mass) were significantly increased in PPP and BHT supplemented groups compared to control. 3-Egg shell weight was significantly higher in treated groups. While, yolk diameter was significantly longer in control than treated groups. While, yolk color and albumin were higher at (22 wks. of age). 4-Plasma total lipid TP, Cholesterol, low density lipoprotein LDL and high density lipoprotein HDL, creatinine, uric acid, AST and ALT significantly decreased by PPP addition . While, plasma TP was significantly increased in PPP and BHT treated groups. 5-Deftherdbody weight after slaughter was significantly increased in groups fed on 10 PPP g/kg diet. While, heart percentage of weight was significantly lowered in quails supplemented with 15 g PPP /kg diet. 6- Supplementation of PPP and BHT didn’t affect the total micro bacterial count in instant. 7-Total phenolicswere significantly increased. While, the TBARS values was significantly decreased in birds fed 15 g PPP/kg compared with that received BHT supplemented diet and the control group. In conclusion, PPP addition by 15g PPP/kg diet can improve productive and physiological parameters and also can extend meat shelf-life.
Biomarcadores enzimáticos e histológicos em brânquias de Ucides cordatus (Linnaeus, 1763) (Crustacea, Brachyura, Ucididae) indicativos de impactos ambientais em uma região portuária do nordeste do Brasil

RESUMO Objetivou-se neste estudo analisar biomarcadores histológicos e bioquímicos em brânquias de U. cordatus indicativos de impactos na Baía de São Marcos. Caranguejos foram coletados em quatro áreas na Baía de São Marcos: A1= Ilha dos Caranguejos (com baixo impacto); A2= Coqueiro, A3= Porto Grande, A4= Cajueiro (áreas potencialmente impactadas). Mediram-se os dados biométricos de cada exemplar de caranguejo. Amostras de brânquias foram submetidas à técnica histológica padrão e homogeneizadas em tampão fosfato, e o sobrenadante foi utilizado para análise das enzimas glutationa-S-transferase (GST) e catalase (CAT). A biometria indicou que os caranguejos de A1 são significativamente (P<0,05) maiores e mais pesados do que os caranguejos das áreas A2, A3 e A4. As alterações branquiais (rompimento das células pilastras, deformação do canal marginal, deslocamento da cutícula e necrose) foram significativamente (P˂0,05) mais frequentes em caranguejos de A2, A3 e A4 do que nos caranguejos de A1. As atividades enzimáticas da GST e CAT nos caranguejos apresentaram diferença significativa (P<0,05) entre as áreas de coletas, com padrão similar ao observado para as alterações branquiais. Os biomarcadores analisados mostraram que os caranguejos estão sob diferentes níveis de impactos (A4>A3>A2>A1) ao longo da Baía de São Marcos.
Observations of Particle Acceleration in Magnetic Reconnection–driven Turbulence

The Magnetospheric Multiscale Mission observes, in detail, charged particle heating and substantial nonthermal acceleration in a region of strong turbulence ( , where is the magnetic field) that surrounds a magnetic reconnection X-line. Magnetic reconnection enables magnetic field annihilation in a volume that far exceeds that of the diffusion region. The formidable magnetic field annihilation breaks into strong, intermittent turbulence with magnetic field energy as the driver. The strong, intermittent turbulence appears to generate the necessary conditions for nonthermal acceleration. It creates intense, localized currents ( ) and unusually large-amplitude electric fields ( ). The combination of turbulence-generated and results in a significant net positive mean of , which signifies particle energization. Ion and electron heating rates are such that they experience a fourfold increase from their initial temperature. Importantly, the strong turbulence also generates magnetic holes or depletions in that can trap particles. Trapping considerably increases the dwell time of a subset of particles in the turbulent region, which results in significant nonthermal particle acceleration. The direct observation of strong turbulence that is enabled by magnetic reconnection with nonthermal particle acceleration has far-reaching implications, since turbulence in plasmas is pervasive and may occupy significant volumes of the interstellar medium and intergalactic space. For example, strong turbulence from magnetic field annihilation in the supernova nebulae may dominate large volumes. As such, this observed energization process could plausibly contribute to the supply and development of the cosmic-ray spectrum.
Archaeal Community during Cattle Manure Composting Process in Field-scale Facility

Composting process is a useful technique to transform cattle manure into organic fertilizer. During the process, complex microbial communities consisting of bacteria, archaea, and fungi carried out biodegradation of substrates. Because it has been considered that bacteria play an important role in composting, their community structure was studied well. However, archaeal one has not been identifi ed clearly. To understand their community structure and abundance, cattle manure was composted in field-scale facility and composting materials were analyzed by cultureindependent approaches. Clone library constructed from archaeal 16S rRNA genes showed that archaeal community in compost was mainly consisted of methane-producing archaea (methanogen) and ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA). During first 2 days, clones which were related to methanogens in the animal rumen or manure were detected, suggesting that fecal methanogen could survive in the early stage of composting. Other methanogen, which grouped into thermophilic Methanosarcina spp. were present thoroughout the process, indicated that they might adapt the environmental changes such as high temperature. AOA-like sequences were detected from all investigated samples. They showed high identity with cultured AOA originated from hot spring. In this study, we revealed the changes in archael community in the composting process. It was also suggested that AOA could actively involve in nitrifi cation of composting systems.