Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Performance of VIDAS® Diagnostic Tests for the Automated Detection of Dengue Virus NS1 Antigen and of Anti-Dengue Virus IgM and IgG Antibodies: A Multicentre, International Study

Dengue is a serious mosquito-transmitted disease caused by the dengue virus (DENV). Rapid and reliable diagnosis of DENV infection is urgently needed in dengue-endemic regions. We describe here the performance evaluation of the CE-marked VIDAS® dengue immunoassays developed for the automated detection of DENV NS1 antigen and anti-DENV IgM and IgG antibodies. A multicenter concordance study was conducted in 1296 patients from dengue-endemic regions in Asia, Latin America, and Africa. VIDAS® dengue results were compared to those of competitor enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). The VIDAS® dengue assays showed high precision (CV ≤ 10.7%) and limited cross-reactivity (≤15.4%) with other infections. VIDAS® DENGUE NS1 Ag showed high positive and negative percent agreement (92.8% PPA and 91.7% NPA) in acute patients within 0–5 days of symptom onset. VIDAS® Anti-DENGUE IgM and IgG showed a moderate-to-high concordance with ELISA (74.8% to 90.6%) in post-acute and recovery patients. PPA was further improved in combined VIDAS® NS1/IgM (96.4% in 0–5 days acute patients) and IgM/IgG (91.9% in post-acute patients) tests. Altogether, the VIDAS® dengue NS1, IgM, and IgG assays performed well, either alone or in combination, and should be suitable for the accurate diagnosis of DENV infection in dengue-endemic regions.
Optimal Stopping with Random Horizon with Application to the Full-Information Best-Choice Problem with Random Freeze

Abstract A general theorem is given showing that an optimal stopping problem with independent random horizon is essentially equivalent to a “discounted” fixed horizon optimal stopping problem derived from it. The result is used to treat the “full information” secretary problem, where a known number of applicants for a job are potentially available. Applicants are interviewed sequentially with no recall, and their X i -values are observed, where the X i are iid random variables from a known continuous distribution. The goal is to pick the applicant with the highest X i value. The “payoff” for this applicant is 1, and for any other applicant is zero. A random “freeze-time” variable M, with known distribution independent of the X i 's makes it impossible to pick an applicant after time M. The optimal rule is described and necessary and sufficient conditions for it to have a “monotone structure” are given. Uniform and geometric freeze variables are discussed, and some asymptotic results are given.
Properties of galaxy groups in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey – II. Active galactic nucleus feedback and star formation truncation

Successfully reproducing the galaxy luminosity function (LF) and the bimodality in the galaxy distribution requires a mechanism that can truncate star formation in massive haloes. Current models of galaxy formation consider two such truncation mechanisms: strangulation, which acts on satellite galaxies, and active galactic nucleus (AGN) feedback, which predominantly affects central galaxies. The efficiencies of these processes set the blue fraction of galaxies, f(blue)(L, M), as a function of galaxy luminosity, L, and halo mass, M. In this paper, we use a galaxy group catalogue extracted from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) to determine f(blue)(L, M). To demonstrate the potential power of these data as a benchmark for galaxy formation models, we compare the results to the semi-analytical model for galaxy formation of Croton et al. Although this model accurately fits the global statistics of the galaxy population, as well as the shape of the conditional LF, there are significant discrepancies when the blue fraction of galaxies as a function of mass and luminosity is compared between the observations and the model. In particular, the model predicts (i) too many faint satellites in massive haloes, (ii) a blue fraction of satellites that is much too low, and (iii) a blue fraction of centrals that is too high and with an inverted luminosity dependence. In the same order, we argue that these discrepancies owe to (i) the neglect of tidal stripping in the semi-analytical model, (ii) the oversimplified treatment of strangulation, and (iii) improper modelling of dust extinction and/or AGN feedback. The data presented here will prove useful to test and calibrate future models of galaxy formation and, in particular, to discriminate between various models for AGN feedback and other star formation truncation mechanisms.
Efficacy of Tubal Surgery for Permanent Contraception: Considerations for the Clinician

Abstract Permanent contraception meets the needs of many people certain in their decision to never become pregnant in the future. Female permanent contraception procedures became more common than male procedures during the 1970s and 1980s, when laparoscopic surgery became widely available. To better understand the efficacy of these new procedures, the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention conducted a prospective cohort study, known as the Collaborative Review of Sterilization (CREST). For decades, results of this study have defined perioperative counseling around failure risks of such surgeries. However, laparoscopic technology and techniques have changed significantly in recent decades and evidence has emerged supporting noncontraceptive benefits of tubal excision. Therefore, we present here a review of updated information regarding permanent contraception failure in the modern context and implications for clinical practice and future research directions.
Constructing Divisia Monetary Aggregates for Nigeria

This study computes Divisia monetary aggregates DM1, DM2, and DM3 for Nigeria using the Tornqvist-Theil quantity index for the period 2007M12 to 2020M12 and evaluates the performance of the higher-order aggregate (DM3) with a corresponding higher aggregate of the simple sum broad money supply (M3). Applying the indicators to money demand function the results showed that DM3 performed better than the matching simple sum measure M3 due to its faster convergence rate. This is because the Divisia aggregates contain additional information in the form of user-costs and spending shares that are not considered in the compilation of the traditional measure, information that may be important for the proper execution of monetary policy. It is therefore, recommended that the Divisia broad money index be used as complement to the simple sum broad money supply for policy decisions.
ON THE CAPACITY OF FLAT LAMINAE

Abstract A new method is proposed for the evaluation of the capacity of flat laminae of arbitrary shape. The method is based on an integral representation for the reciprocal distance between two points obtained by the author earlier. Specific approximate formulae are derived for evaluating the capacity of a polygon, a triangle, a rectangle, a rhombus, a circular rector and a circular segment. All the formulae are checked against the solutions known in the literature, and a good accuracy is confirmed. No similar formulae have ever been reported.
A Spectroscopic Survey of High-Latitude Fields and Comparison to Galaxy Models

The results of a spectroscopic survey of the stellar populations of high-Galactic latitude fields in SA 94 and Serpens are presented and analyzed. A set of six spectrophotometric indices is used to provide information on both the number and metallicity of evolved stars, while measurement of another 11 spectrophotometric indices provides an estimate of (Fe/H) good to 0.25 dex for the evolved stars identified in each field. A detailed comparison of the data with predictions of the standard Bahcall-Soneira Galaxy model reveals serious discrepancies. The properties of giants with roughly solar metallicity are described well by the disk giants predicted by the standard model. The sample is dominated by intermediate-metallicity giants whose properties are well described by a thick-disk component with scale height of approximately 700 pc that makes up about 5 percent of the solar neighborhood stellar density. 96 references.
The Emerging Importance of Cirsimaritin in Type 2 Diabetes Treatment

Cirsimaritin is a dimethoxy flavon that has different biological activities such as antiproliferative, antimicrobial, and antioxidant activities. This study aims to investigate the anti-diabetic effects of cirsimaritin in a high-fat diet and streptozotocin-(HFD/STZ)-induced rat model of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D). Rats were fed HFD, followed by a single low dose of STZ (40 mg/kg). HFD/STZ diabetic rats were treated orally with cirsimaritin (50 mg/kg) or metformin (200 mg/kg) for 10 days before terminating the experiment and collecting plasma, soleus muscle, adipose tissue, and liver for further downstream analysis. Cirsimaritin reduced the elevated levels of serum glucose in diabetic rats compared to the vehicle control group (p < 0.001). Cirsimaritin abrogated the increase in serum insulin in the treated diabetic group compared to the vehicle control rats (p < 0.01). The homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) was decreased in the diabetic rats treated with cirsimaritin compared to the vehicle controls. The skeletal muscle and adipose tissue protein contents of GLUT4 (p < 0.01 and p < 0.05, respectively) and pAMPK-α1 (p < 0.05) were upregulated following treatment with cirsimaritin. Cirsimaritin was able to upregulate GLUT2 and AMPK protein expression in the liver (p < 0.01, <0.05, respectively). LDL, triglyceride, and cholesterol were reduced in diabetic rats treated with cirsimaritin compared to the vehicle controls (p < 0.001). Cirsimaritin reduced MDA, and IL-6 levels (p < 0.001), increased GSH levels (p < 0.001), and reduced GSSG levels (p < 0.001) in diabetic rats compared to the vehicle control. Cirsimaritin could represent a promising therapeutic agent to treat T2D.
Incidence and predictors of hyperglycemic emergencies among adult diabetic patients in Bahir Dar city public hospitals, Northwest Ethiopia, 2021: A multicenter retrospective follow-up study

Background Diabetic ketoacidosis and hyperglycemic hyperosmolar syndrome are the two commonly known life-threatening hyperglycemic emergencies of diabetes mellitus. Despite the growing hyperglycemic emergency impact among adult patients with diabetes, its incidence and predictors have not been well studied in Ethiopia. Thus, this study aimed to assess the incidence and predictors of hyperglycemic emergencies among adult patients with diabetes. Method A retrospective follow-up study design was conducted among a randomly selected sample of 453 adult patients with diabetes. Data were entered into EPI data version 4.6 and analyzed using STATA version 14.0. A Cox-proportional hazard regression model was fitted to identify the independent predictors of hyperglycemic emergencies, and variables having a p < 0.05 in the multivariable model were considered statistically significant. Result Among the total adult patients with diabetes included in the study, 147 (32.45%) developed hyperglycemic emergencies. Hence, the overall incidence of hyperglycemic emergencies was 14.6 per 100 person-years observation. The incidence of diabetic ketoacidosis was 12.5 per 100 person-years (35.6 and 6.3 among T1DM and T2DM, respectively). The incidence of the hyperglycemic hyperosmolar syndrome was 2.1 per 100 person-years (0.9 and 2.4 among T1DM and T2DM, respectively). The overall median free survival time was 53.85 months. Type 1 diabetes mellitus [AHR = 2.75, 95% CI (1.68, 4.51)], diabetes duration of ≥ 3 years [AHR = 0.33, 95% CI (0.21, 0.50)], recent acute illness [AHR = 2.99, 95% CI (2.03, 4.43)], presence of comorbidity [AHR = 2.36, 95% CI (1.53, 3.63)], poor glycemic control [AHR = 3.47, 95% CI (2.17, 5.56)], history of medication non-compliance [AHR = 1.85,95% CI (1.24, 2.76)], follow-up frequency of 2–3 months [AHR = 1.79,95% CI (1.06, 3.01)], and without community health insurance [AHR = 1.63, 95% CI (1.14, 2.35)] were significant predictors of hyperglycemic emergencies. Conclusion The incidence of hyperglycemic emergencies was high. Therefore, giving greater attention to patients with identified predictors could decrease the occurrence of hyperglycemic emergencies and related public health and economic impacts.
The role of cascade processes in electron-impact excitation of the (3p54s2)2P3/2, 1/2 autoionizing levels in potassium

The cascade population of the (3p54s2)2P3/2, 1/2 lowest autoionizing levels in potassium has been studied to shed light on recent experimental observations of a noticeable enhancement in the cross sections around 22 eV incident electron energy. The ejected-electron excitation functions of both levels have been re-measured in the range of 20–28 eV, and calculations of the decay parameters for the 3p54s4p levels have been performed in single-configuration Hartree–Fock and configuration-interaction approaches. The analysis of these results, together with other available experimental and theoretical data on the 3p subshell excitation in potassium, revealed a relatively small contribution (<3%) of radiative transitions from the (3p5 4s4p1P)2P, 2D levels to the apparent (including cascade contributions) excitation cross sections of the (3p54s2)2P3/2, 1/2 levels. However, the decay of negative-ion resonances associated with the upper doublets in the 3p54s4p and 3p53d4s configurations may lead to a significant cascade population of the (3p54s2)2P3/2, 1/2 levels in the impact energy region 21–28 eV.
Temporal Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Trends in the Very Old in the 21st Century

Background: Long-increasing dementia incidence and prevalence trends may be shifting. Whether such shifts have reached the very old is unknown. Objective: To investigate temporal trends in the incidence of dementia and cognitive impairment and prevalence of dementia, cognitive impairment, Alzheimer’s disease, vascular dementia, and unclassified dementia among 85-, 90-, and ≥ 95-year-olds in Sweden during 2000–2017. Methods: This study was conducted with Umeå 85 + /Gerontological Regional Database data from 2182 85-, 90-, and ≥ 95-year-olds in Sweden collected in 2000–2017. Using logistic regression, trends in the cumulative 5-year incidences of dementia and cognitive impairment; prevalences of dementia, cognitive impairment, Alzheimer’s disease, and vascular dementia; and Mini-Mental State Examination thresholds for dementia diagnosis were estimated. Results: Dementia and cognitive impairment incidences decreased in younger groups, which generally showed more-positive temporal trends. The prevalences of overall dementia, cognitive impairment, and Alzheimer’s disease were stable or increasing; longer disease durations and increasing dementia subtype classification success may mask positive changes in incidences. Vascular dementia increased while unclassified dementia generally decreased. Conclusion: The cognitive health of the very old may be changing in the 21st century, possibly indicating a trend break.
A risk-predictive model for obstructive sleep apnea in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Background Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSA) is increasingly reported in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Our research aimed to analyze the clinical characteristics of patients with overlap syndrome (OS) and develop a nomogram for predicting OSA in patients with COPD. Methods We retroactively collected data on 330 patients with COPD treated at Wuhan Union Hospital (Wuhan, China) from March 2017 to March 2022. Multivariate logistic regression was used to select predictors applied to develop a simple nomogram. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), calibration curves, and decision curve analysis (DCA) were used to assess the value of the model. Results A total of 330 consecutive patients with COPD were enrolled in this study, with 96 patients (29.1%) confirmed with OSA. Patients were randomly divided into the training group (70%, n = 230) and the validation group (30%, n = 100). Age [odds ratio (OR): 1.062, 1.003–1.124], type 2 diabetes (OR: 3.166, 1.263–7.939), neck circumference (NC) (OR: 1.370, 1.098–1,709), modified Medical Research Council (mMRC) dyspnea scale (OR: 0.503, 0.325–0.777), Sleep Apnea Clinical Score (SACS) (OR: 1.083, 1.004–1.168), and C-reactive protein (CRP) (OR: 0.977, 0.962–0.993) were identified as valuable predictors used for developing a nomogram. The prediction model performed good discrimination [AUC: 0.928, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.873–0.984] and calibration in the validation group. The DCA showed excellent clinical practicability. Conclusion We established a concise and practical nomogram that will benefit the advanced diagnosis of OSA in patients with COPD.
Uncovering the unique characteristics of the mandible to improve clinical approaches to mandibular regeneration

The mandible (lower jaw) bone is aesthetically responsible for shaping the lower face, physiologically in charge of the masticatory movements, and phonetically accountable for the articulation of different phonemes. Thus, pathologies that result in great damage to the mandible severely impact the lives of patients. Mandibular reconstruction techniques are mainly based on the use of flaps, most notably free vascularized fibula flaps. However, the mandible is a craniofacial bone with unique characteristics. Its morphogenesis, morphology, physiology, biomechanics, genetic profile, and osteoimmune environment are different from any other non-craniofacial bone. This fact is especially important to consider during mandibular reconstruction, as all these differences result in unique clinical traits of the mandible that can impact the results of jaw reconstructions. Furthermore, overall changes in the mandible and the flap post-reconstruction may be dissimilar, and the replacement process of the bone graft tissue during healing can take years, which in some cases can result in postsurgical complications. Therefore, the present review highlights the uniqueness of the jaw and how this factor can influence the outcome of its reconstruction while using an exemplary clinical case of pseudoarthrosis in a free vascularized fibula flap.
Factors Influencing Consumers' Intentions to Switch to Live Commerce From Push-Pull-Mooring Perspective

Conventional e-commerce retailers are less advantageous in attracting online consumers than streamers in live commerce. In China, live commerce has gradually become the mainstream sales channel. Based on the push-pull-mooring model of migration theory, this study aims to identify the reasons that urge online consumers to switch from shopping on conventional e-commerce to live commerce, as well as the potential obstacles of such a switch. About 306 Chinese consumers with conventional e-commerce and live-stream shopping experience participated in this study. The results indicate that live commerce's attractiveness has the greatest impact on consumers' willingness to switch to live commerce, followed by dissatisfaction with conventional e-commerce, while switching costs has no significant effect. Low interactivity most greatly impacts dissatisfaction with conventional e-commerce, while streamers' charisma greatly impacts on live commerce's attractiveness, and low familiarity impacts switching costs. The authors analyze the data by gender and occupation to yield additional findings.
Reducing the Biases in Simulated Radar Reflectivities from a Bulk Microphysics Scheme: Tropical Convective Systems

AbstractA well-known bias common to many bulk microphysics schemes currently being used in cloud-resolving models is the tendency to produce excessively large reflectivity values (e.g., 40 dBZ) in the middle and upper troposphere in simulated convective systems. The Rutledge and Hobbs–based bulk microphysics scheme in the Goddard Cumulus Ensemble model is modified to reduce this bias and improve realistic aspects. Modifications include lowering the efficiencies for snow/graupel riming and snow accreting cloud ice; converting less rimed snow to graupel; allowing snow/graupel sublimation; adding rime splintering, immersion freezing, and contact nucleation; replacing the Fletcher formulation for activated ice nuclei with that of Meyers et al.; allowing for ice supersaturation in the saturation adjustment; accounting for ambient RH in the growth of cloud ice to snow; and adding/accounting for cloud ice fall speeds. In addition, size-mapping schemes for snow/graupel were added as functions of temperature and m.
Shear-layer pressure fluctuations and superdirective acoustic sources

We consider a sequence of boundary-value problems for the acoustic wave equation, with the pressure specified on the boundary as a function of space and time, and simulating features of the pressure field measured just outside a turbulent shear layer supporting large-scale coherent structures. The boundary pressure field has the form of a travelling subsonic plane wave, modulated by a large-scale envelope function. Three models for the envelope distribution are studied in detail, and the particular features which they exhibit are shown to be representative of large classes of amplitude functions. We start by looking at the hydrodynamic near field of the boundary pressure fluctuations, over spatial regions throughout which the motion can be taken as incompressible. Very close to the boundary, the pressure fluctuations decay exponentially with transverse distance, while at sufficiently large distances from the whole wave packet on the boundary, the pressure fluctuations have a dipole algebraic decay. We investigate the transition from exponential to algebraic decay, and find that it is effected through quite a complicated multilayer structure which depends crucially on the detailed form of the envelope. Acoustic fields are then determined both from exact solutions to the wave equation, and from matching arguments. In some cases, where the boundary source is compact, the distant acoustic fields have a simple compressible dipole type of behaviour. In other cases, however, when the boundary source is non-compact, the acoustic field has a superdirective character, the angular variation being described by exponentials of cosines of the angle with the streamwise direction. It is shown how the superdirective acoustic sources are completely compatible with the features of the inner incompressible field, and a criterion for the occurrence of the superdirective acoustic fields will be given. Superdirective fields of this kind have been observed in measurements by Laufer & Yen (1983) on a low-speed round jet of Mach number 0.1, and the general relation of our results to those experiments is explained.