Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Statistical mechanics of disordered quantum optimization

The classical statistical mechanical approach to complexity theory proceeds from the study of ensembles of computationally intractable optimization problems as a species of unusual disordered magnetic systems. Over the last thirty years, researchers have used this approach to supplement worst-case hardness results encoded by complexity theory with detailed information about thermodynamic and dynamic phase transitions in the structure of typical cases. This exchange of ideas between classical statistical mechanics and computer science enabled the development of important heuristic algorithms such as simulated annealing and survey propagation and further refined our understanding of glassiness and critical slowing in physical disordered systems. In this thesis, we map out an analogous program in the quantum context. The question is simple: what can quantum statistical mechanics reveal about the difficulty of solving hard quantum optimization problems? Or more directly, what makes those problems hard even for quantum computers? In this pursuit, we introduce the study of ensembles of optimization problems whose complexity status is intrinsically quantum mechanical (Part I) and develop techniques to study quantum spin glasses and the transverse field adiabatic algorithm applied to classically hard random optimization problems (Part II). In particular, we introduce the study of random quantum satisfiability (QSAT) and identify the coarse aspects of its phase diagram, including a new form of entanglement transition. We generalize the cavity method to the study of quantum models and use it to study the transverse field Ising glass and frustrated AKLT models on the Bethe lattice. We further apply the cavity method to extract Griffiths-McCoy singularities in a diluted (classical) ferromagnet and finally observe that there are no Goldstone bosons on the Bethe lattice.
Some categories of lattices associated to a central idempotent

is of finite representation type, a similarRejection Lemma for the case (al) will be given in Theorem 4.2, in terms of 2I(A)and some numerical invariants.In the final subsection 4.3, a few remarks on related topics, in particular arelation to a result of [RV], will be stated without proof.1. In this section, let denote an arbitrary additive category, and Hom
Cash Reserve, CEO Health Risk, The Price Reaction Due to COVID-19 First Announcement on Leisure Industry

This study investigates stock market reaction on leisure industries to first announcement of COVID-19 case which affected Indonesia on 2nd March 2020. The method of this research is event study and supported by multiple linear regression to analyze the relationship between market reaction and independent variables. This paper uses Fama French three-factor models to estimate expected return on firms due to the COVID-19 announcement. Based on a calculation of Cumulative abnormal returns, the stock of tourism industries has a more negative reaction towards a confirmed first case of COVID-19 compared to other industries. We also find that Indonesian firms with greater cash reserves experienced less negative returns while firms with higher leverage ratios were penalized more. Additionally, we don’t find that firms with CEOs who were exposed to significant health risks from COVID-19 experienced worse stock market performances.
The dark side of the geography of innovation: relatedness, complexity and regional inequality in Europe

As regions evolve, their economies become more complex, and they tend to diversify into related activities. Although there is a bright side to this diversi ﬁ cation process in terms of economic development, there may also be a dark side to it, as it possibly contributes to regional inequalities. The paper uses data on industries and patents to analyse the diversi ﬁ cation patterns of 283 regions in 32 European countries over the past 15 years. We ﬁ nd that only the most economically advanced regions have the opportunity to diversify into highly complex activities. These regions tend to focus on related high-complex activities, while lagging regions focus on related low-complex activities, creating a spatial inequality feedback loop. This pattern creates a wicked problem for innovation policy: the strategy needed to improve the innovativeness of the European knowledge system might disproportionately bene ﬁ t regions that are already developed and foster disparities.
Minimal Walking Technicolour, the Top Mass and Precision Electroweak Measurements

We consider a minimal technicolour theory with two techniflavours in the adjoint representation of an SU(2) technicolour gauge group which has been argued to feature walking dynamics. We show how to naturally embed this theory in an extended technicolour model capable of generating the top quark mass. We investigate the precision constraints and conclude that such models, in the light of the most recent precision data fit, are not ruled out.
Symplectic Cohomology and the Stability of J-Anti-Invariant Cohomology

In this paper, we investigate the relationship between J-anti-invariant cohomology of a closed symplectic 4-manifold introduced by T. -J. Li and W. Zhang and new symplectic cohomologies introduced by L. -S. Tseng and S. -T. Yau. We also prove that the dimension of J-anti-invariant cohomology is constant for almost structures J which are compatible with a fixed symplectic form.
IL-13 Regulates Orai1 Expression in Human Bronchial Smooth Muscle Cells and Airway Remodeling in Asthma Mice Model via LncRNA H19

Background Increased proliferation and hypertrophy of airway smooth muscle cells (ASMCs) contribute substantially to airway remodeling in asthma. Interleukin (IL)-13 regulates ASMC proliferation by increasing Orai1 expression, the pore-forming subunit of store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE). The underlying mechanisms of this effect are not fully understood. Methods Bioinformatic analysis identified an interaction between microRNA 93–5p (miR-93-5p) and long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) H19, and between miR-93-5p and Orai1. RNA interference was used to investigate H19 knockdown on IL-13-induced proliferation and migration of in vitro cultured human bronchial smooth muscle cells (hBSMCs). Functional relevance of H19 in airway inflammation and airway remodeling was investigated in murine models of acute and chronic asthma. Results IL-13 concentration-dependently increased the expression of H19 and Orai1 and decreased the expression of miR-93-5p in hBSMCs. H19 knockdown partly reversed the effects of IL-13 on the expression of miR-93-5p and Orai1 and attenuated the proliferation and migration of hBSMCs promoted by IL-13. IL-13-promoted expression of Orai1 was attenuated by miR-93-5p mimic and increased by miR-93-5p inhibitor. IL-13-promoted proliferation of hBSMCs was increased by miR-93-5p inhibitor but not affected by miR-93-5p mimic, whereas IL-13-promoted migration of hBSMCs was increased by miR-93-5p inhibitor and attenuated by miR-93-5p mimic. The inhibiting effect of H19 knockdown on IL-13-induced Orai1 expression and the proliferation and migration of hBSMCs was counteracted by miR-93-5p inhibitor but only marginally or not impacted by miR-93-5p mimic. The expression of H19 and Orai1 was higher in the lungs of asthmatic mice than in control mice. In asthmatic mice, H19 siRNA reduced Orai1 expression, inflammatory cell infiltration, goblet cell hyperplasia, collagen deposition and smooth muscle mass in the lungs. Conclusion H19 may mediate the effects of IL-13 on Orai1 expression by inhibition of miR-93-5p in hBSMCs. H19 may be a therapeutic target for airway inflammation and airway remodeling.
Rural–Urban differences in Use of Rhythm Control Therapies in Patients with Incident Atrial Fibrillation: A Finnish Nationwide Cohort Study

Background: Rural–urban disparities have been reported in the access, utilization, and quality of healthcare. We aimed to assess whether use of antiarrhythmic therapies (AATs) in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) differs between those with rural and urban residence. Methods: The registry-based FinACAF cohort covers all patients with AF from all levels of care in Finland. Patients were divided into rural and urban categories and into urbanization degree tertiles based on their municipality of residence at the time of AF diagnosis. The primary outcome was the use of any AAT, including cardioversion, catheter ablation, and fulfilled antiarrhythmic drug (AAD) prescription. Results: We identified 177,529 patients (49.9% female, mean age 73.0 (SD13.0) years) with incident AF during 2010–2018. Except for AADs, the differences in AAT use were nonsignificant when patients were stratified according to the rural–urban classification system (urban vs. rural adjusted incidence rate ratios (aIRRs) with 95% CIs for any AAT 1.01 (0.99–1.03), AADs 1.11 (1.07–1.15), cardioversion 1.01 (0.98–1.03), catheter ablation 1.05 (0.98–1.12)). However, slightly higher use of all rhythm control modalities was observed in the highest urbanization degree tertile when compared to the lowest tertile (aIRRs with 95% Cis for any AAT 1.06 (1.03–1.08), AADs 1.18 (1.14–1.23), cardioversion 1.05 (1.02–1.08), catheter ablation 1.10 (1.02–1.19)). Conclusions: This nationwide retrospective cohort study observed that urban residence is associated with higher use of AADs in patients with incident AF. Otherwise, the observed disparities were only marginal, suggesting that in the use of rhythm control therapies, no large rural–urban inequity exists in Finland.
Selective ligand-doped liquid crystal-based sensor for detection of ferric cation

ABSTRACT A liquid crystal (LC) sensing platform was developed for detection of ferric ion (Fe3+) in aqueous solutions. In this platform, a N and S comprising ligand (2E)-2-(naphthylmethylene)hydrazinecarbothioamide (CTA) was doped in 4-cyano-4’-pentyl biphenyl (5CB) as the Fe3+ selective LCs. When the platform was submerged in the solution comprising Fe3+, the complex between Fe3+ and CTA formed, which disturbed the orientation of LC and cause a dim-to-light conversion of the picture of LCs. Based on previous studies, it has been suggested that 2:1 Fe3+: CTA complex were formed. The limit of detection of the platform for Fe3+ is 0.03 µM. This sensing platform did not respond to Ca2+, Cd2+, Mg2+, Cu2+, Na+, Zn2+, Pb2+ and Hg2+ metal ions. Furthermore, we also represented that this sensing platform is able to detecting Fe3+ in piped water. Due to the fact, the sign of this sensing platform is coloured under environmental light, which is easily comprehended by ordinary operators, it could be utilised as a mobile device to check the quality of water in any one place. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
The link between disc dispersal by photoevaporation and the semimajor axis distribution of exoplanets

We investigate the influence of photoevaporation of protoplanetary discs on the final distribution of exoplanets semi-major axis distances. We model giant planet migration in viscous discs affected by photoevaporation driven by either pure EUV or soft X-ray radiation (XEUV). We show that the final exoplanet distributions are strongly dependant on the choice of the photoevaporation model. In particular, we find that XEUV is more efficient than pure EUV radiation at parking planets at approximately 1-2 AU distance from their central star, hence roughly reproducing the observed peak in the exoplanets semi-major axis distributions. We note however that a more quantitative comparison with the observations is hindered by the oversimplified treatment of planetary accretion, which severely affects migration rates. For this reason, caution should be used when using these models to constrain details of disc clearing and/or migration from the observations. Nevertheless our results indicate that disc dispersal by photoevaporation may be the main driver of the features in the exoplanets semi-major axis distribution observed by recent surveys.
Association between Short-Term Exposure to Ozone and Heart Rate Variability: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

At present, ambient air pollution poses a significant threat to patients with cardiovascular disease (CVD). The heart rate variability (HRV) is a marker of the cardiac autonomic nervous system, and it is related to air pollution and cardiovascular disease. There is, however, considerable disagreement in the literature regarding the association between ozone (O3) and HRV. To further investigate the effects of short-term exposure to O3 on HRV, we conducted the first meta-analysis of relevant studies. The percentage change of HRV indicator(s) is the effect estimate extracted for the quantitative analysis in this study. In our meta-analysis, per 10 ppb increase in O3 was significantly associated with decreases in the time-domain measurements, for standard deviation of the normal-to-normal (NN) interval (SDNN) −1.11% (95%CI: −1.35%, −0.87%) and for root mean square of successive differences (RMSSD) −3.26% (95%CI: −5.42%, −1.09%); in the frequency-domain measurements, for high frequency (HF) −3.01% (95%CI: −4.66%, −1.35%) and for low frequency (LF) −2.14% (95%CI: −3.83%, −0.45%). This study showed short-term exposure to O3 was associated with reduced HRV indicators in adults, which suggested that the cardiac autonomic nervous system might be affected after O3 exposure, contributing to the association between O3 exposure and CVD risk.
Middle cerebral artery to uterine artery pulsatility index ratios in pregnancy with fetal growth restriction regarding negative perinatal outcomes

Background/Aim: Fetal growth restriction (FGR) causes a high risk of perinatal morbidity and mortality, and the timing of the correct delivery time decision remains controversial. Cerebroplacental ratio (CPR), umbilical artery, uterine artery (UA) and middle cerebral artery (MCA) Doppler studies are used to predict adverse perinatal outcomes in FGR. However, since there is insufficient reliability for each separately and together, the search for new methods continues. This retrospective study was conducted to determine the degree of neonatal morbidity in fetuses suspected of having FGR by evaluating the MCA to UA pulsatility index (PI) ratios together with frequently used Doppler examinations. Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study conducted in a single-center hospital with the approval of the Medical Institutional Ethics Committee. A total of 424 pregnant women admitted to a tertiary hospital and diagnosed with FGR between July 2020 and December 2021 who were informed and approved were included in the study. Gestational age was confirmed by first trimester sonographic measurements of pregnancy. All pregnant women were examined by Doppler USG and umbilical artery, mean UA, fetal MCA, ductus venosus, CPR (MCA/umbilical artery pulsatility index ratio) and cerebrouterine ratio (MCA/UA) PI values were measured. Negative perinatal outcomes were recorded as blood gas level of the newborn at 7.2 and below, Apgar score of 7 and below at the fifth minute, and needing neonatal intensive care (NICU). Adverse perinatal and postnatal outcomes were recorded and compared with Doppler findings. If there were no signs of a negative perinatal outcome, it was considered a positive outcome. If at least one of the symptoms of adverse perinatal outcomes was present, it was considered a negative outcome Results: Decreased CPR and decreased MCA to UA PI were significantly and positively associated with an increased likelihood of exhibiting negative perinatal outcomes in pregnancies with FGR (P < 0.001, P < 0.001, respectively). The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis showed that the optimal cut-off value for MCA to uterine artery PI was 1.41 to predict FGR with 57.37% sensitivity and 62.50% specificity (AUC: 0.629; 95% CI: 0.581–0.675). When the CPR cut-off value was taken as 1.2069, the sensitivity was 42.86% and the specificity 83.93% in predicting negative perinatal outcomes in CPR values below this value (P < 0.001). Conclusion: CPR is the most successful criterion in distinguishing between positive and negative perinatal outcomes. It has been demonstrated that the MCA to uterine artery PI ratio values after CPR can also be used for this distinction. MCA to UA PI ratio sensitivity was higher than CPR and umbilical artery. This situation shows that MCA to uterine artery PI ratio (alone or when evaluated together with PPV and NPV ratios) is a criterion that can be added to other Doppler examinations in predicting negative perinatal outcomes.
Rational equivariant rigidity

We prove that if G is S^1 or a profinite group, then all of the homotopical information of the category of rational G-spectra is captured by the triangulated structure of the rational G-equivariant stable homotopy category. That is, for G profinite or S1, the rational G-equivariant stable homotopy category is rigid. For the case of profinite groups this rigidity comes from an intrinsic formality statement, so we carefully relate the notion of intrinsic formality of a differential graded algebra to rigidity.
Burg-Metzner-Sachs symmetry, string theory, and soft theorems

We study the action of the BMS group in critical, bosonic string theory living on a target space of the form $\mathbb{M}^{d}\times C$. Here $M^{d}$ is $d$-dimensional (asymptotically) flat spacetime and $C$ is an arbitrary compactification. We provide a treatment of generalized Ward--Takahashi identities and derive consistent boundary conditions for any $d$ from string theory considerations. Finally, we derive BMS transformations in higher dimensional spacetimes and show that the generalized Ward--Takahashi identity of BMS produces Weinberg's soft theorem in string theory.
Insect‐plant‐fungus interactions in mycorrhizal associations, with a focus on spittlebugs and ectomycorrhizal host plants

Mycorrhizal plants mediate interactions between their root‐associated fungal symbionts and insect herbivores. Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) associations tend to boost phloem sap sucking insects and host specialist chewing insects but depress host generalist chewing insects. In turn, insect herbivores have only small negative effects on the abundance of AM fungi. Ectomycorrhizal (EM) associations, less studied, have no consistent effect on phloem sap‐sucking or chewing insects, but their insect herbivores have strong negative effects on EM fungal abundance. Spittlebugs (Hemiptera: Cercopoidea) feed on xylem sap and are disproportionately associated with EM plants, probably because many EM fungi are especially well equipped to access nitrogen (N) from complex soil organic matter. Assimilated N is transported in host plant xylem sap as amino acids, the primary food source for xylem‐feeding insects. Although EM plants account for only 2% of all vascular plants, about 19% of spittlebugs have EM primary hosts. This compares to 9% of hosts that are rhizobial or actinorhizal N‐fixing plants, alternative modes of root‐associated N acquisition that also attract spittlebugs. Notable spittlebug EM host plants include Pinus and Abies (Pinaceae), Quercus, Alnus and Betula (Fagales), Salix (Salicaceae), Eucalyptus (Myrtaceae) and the gymnosperm Gnetum (Gnetales). Some EM plants, including several Pinus species, host spittlebug pests and some play an important role in the ecology of spittlebug vectors of the bacterial plant pathogen Xylella fastidiosa. The fossil record and dated molecular phylogenies suggest that spittlebugs initially evolved in parallel with EM Pinaceae.
HfO2-based resistive switching memory devices for neuromorphic computing

HfO2-based resistive switching memory (RRAM) combines several outstanding properties, such as high scalability, fast switching speed, low power, compatibility with complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor technology, with possible high-density or three-dimensional integration. Therefore, today, HfO2 RRAMs have attracted a strong interest for applications in neuromorphic engineering, in particular for the development of artificial synapses in neural networks. This review provides an overview of the structure, the properties and the applications of HfO2-based RRAM in neuromorphic computing. Both widely investigated applications of nonvolatile devices and pioneering works about volatile devices are reviewed. The RRAM device is first introduced, describing the switching mechanisms associated to filamentary path of HfO2 defects such as oxygen vacancies. The RRAM programming algorithms are described for high-precision multilevel operation, analog weight update in synaptic applications and for exploiting the resistance dynamics of volatile devices. Finally, the neuromorphic applications are presented, illustrating both artificial neural networks with supervised training and with multilevel, binary or stochastic weights. Spiking neural networks are then presented for applications ranging from unsupervised training to spatio-temporal recognition. From this overview, HfO2-based RRAM appears as a mature technology for a broad range of neuromorphic computing systems.
ANTI-GRAVITY AND GALAXY ROTATION CURVES

Une modification de l'attraction gravitationnelle Newtonienne qui apparait dans le contexte des tentatives modernes visant a unifier la gravite avec les autres forces dans la nature peut produire des courbes de rotation pour les galaxies spirales qui sont presque plates de 10 a 100 kpc, peut lier les amas de galaxies et peut fermer l'univers avec la densite de matiere baryonique compatible avec la nucleosynthese originelle
VLA Observations of the Interacting-Wind Binary System WR 147

Wolf-Rayet stars are losing mass via their strong winds. Some of them show thermal and nonthermal radio emission, and from this group, some have companions that are forming binary systems. It has been suggested that the synchrotron emission arises from the interaction region where the winds of the two stars collide. WR 147 seems to be one of these systems, having a companion and emitting thermal as well as nonthermal radiation. Besides, it has been suggested that it has an anisotropic wind. In this work, we present VLA observations that provide new information on this system. The thermal main component (WR 147S) shows a flux density increase of ~25% from 1995 to 1996. This could be due to a change in the wind parameters. The nonthermal wind-interaction zone (WR 147N) remained constant in flux. To first approximation, our maps are consistent with an isotropic wind from WR 147S. However, our results show possible faint condensations in the wind that have moved away by ~0. ″2 from WR 147S in a time interval of ~1.4 yr. This fact seems to indicate that we are dealing with an inhomogeneous wind. Finally, in a qualitative manner, the morphology of WR 147N resembles a shock like those modeled theoretically for interacting winds. In order to have a more quantitative description of the shock, we have fitted a curve that follows adequately the observed shape. This curve was obtained by fixing the ratio of momenta between the interacting stellar winds. In this way, we have derived a range of possible inclination angles of the system (45° ± 15°) by projecting the theoretical curve onto the plane of the sky. Thus, our results give further support to the interpretation of WR 147 as an interacting-wind binary system.