Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
From Data-based to Model-based AI: Representation Learning for Planning ( RLeap ) ∗ (Long version)

Two of the main research threads in AI revolve around the development of data-based learners capable of inferring behavior and functions from experience and data, and model-based solvers capable of tackling well-deﬁned but intractable models like SAT, classical planning, and Bayesian networks. Learners, and in particular deep learners, have achieved considerable success but result in black boxes that do not have the ﬂexibility, transparency, and generality of their model-based counterparts. Solvers, on the the hand, require models which are hard to build by hand. RLeap is aimed at achieving an integration of learners and solvers in the context of planning by addressing and solving the problem of learning ﬁrst-order planning representations from raw perceptions alone without using any prior symbolic knowledge. The ability to construct ﬁrst-order symbolic representations and using them for expressing, communicating, achieving, and recognizing goals is a main component of human intelligence and a fundamental, open research problem in AI. The success of RLeap requires the development of radically new ideas and methods that will build on those of a number of related areas that include planning, learning, knowledge representation, combinatorial optimization and SAT. The approach to be pursued is based on a clear separation between learning the symbolic representations themselves, that is cast as a combinatorial optimization problem , and learning the interpretations of those representations, that is cast as a supervised learning problem from targets obtained from the ﬁrst part. RLeap will address both problems in the settings of planning and generalized planning where plans are general strategies. The project can make a signiﬁcant diﬀerence in how general, explainable, and trustworthy AI can be understood and achieved.
CUSTOMERS’ REPURCHASE INTENTION OF SOUTH KOREAN BEAUTY

The aim of this research is to examine the key factors that influence Indonesian customers to repurchase South Korean beauty products. This study intents to verify the relationships between four variables namely perceived price, country of origin, customer satisfaction, and repurchase intention. This study applies structural equation modelling (SEM) by using software AMOS version 24 and software SPSS version 16 in order to examine the proposed model, examine the hypotheses, and determine the relationships between the four marketing variables. In total, there were 166 valid respondents that were gathered through primary data collection method analysed in this study. Results show that perceived price significantly influences customer satisfaction, country of origin significantly influences perceived price and customer satisfaction, and customer satisfaction significantly influences repurchase intention. However, the results also show that perceived price does not influence repurchase intention and country of origin does not influence repurchase intention.
Goal Recognition with Timing Information

Goal recognition has been extensively studied by AI researchers, but most algorithms take only observed actions as input. Here we argue that the time taken to carry out these actions provides an additional signal that supports goal recognition. We present a behavioral experiment confirming that people use timing information in this way, and develop and evaluate a goal recognition algorithm that is sensitive to both actions and timing information. Our results suggest that existing goal recognition algorithms can be improved by incorporating a model of planning time on both synthetic data and human data, and that these improvements can be substantial in scenarios in which relatively few actions have been observed.
The Effect of Exchange, SBIS, and Profit-Based Financing on The Level of Risk of Financing Problems

This study aims to determine the effect of exchange rates, Bank Indonesia Sharia Certificates (SBIS), and profit-based financing on the level of risk of financing problems in Sharia Commercial Banks in Indonesia. The data used were the secondary data from January 2015 to October 2021. The population was the Sharia Commercial Bank in Sharia Banking Statistics published by the Financial Services Authority (OJK), by using non-probability sampling technique. The data analysis used was multiple linear regression using STATA software. The results of this study indicate that partially the independent variable namely the exchange rate has an insignificant negative effect on the risk level of problem financing. Moreover, SBIS has a significant negative effect on the level of risk of non-performing financing, and profit-based financing has a significant negative effect on the level of risk of financing problems.
Transversality for time-periodic competitive-cooperative tridiagonal systems

Transversality of the stable and unstable manifolds of hyperbolic periodic solutions is proved for tridiagonal competitive-cooperative time-periodic systems. We further show that such systems admit the Morse-Smale property provided that all the fixed points (of the corresponding Poincare map) are hyperbolic. The main tools used here are the integer-valued Lyapunov function, as well as the Floquet theory developed in [1] for general time-dependent tridiagonal linear systems.
On a Class of Warped Product Submanifold in a Lorentzian Paracosymplectic Manifold

Recently Y{\"u}ksel et. al. \cite{SY} shows that there doesn't exist any proper semi-slant warped product submanifolds in a Lorentzian paracosymplectic manifold. In the present article, we first define and give preparatory lemmas for a new generalize class of semi-slant submanifolds called pointwise semi-slant submanifolds in a Lorentzian paracosymplectic manifold, and then we ensure by presenting some existence results and characterization theorem that there exist a non-trivial pointwise semi-slant warped product submanifolds in a Lorentzian paracosymplectic manifold counter to warped product semi-slant submanifolds in a Lorentzian paracosymplectic manifold.
Investigating The Implementation of Student-centered Approach in Efl Speaking Classroom

The aim of this research project is to investigate the impacts of the implementation of Student-Centered Approach (SCA) on improving Kurdish EFL students’ speaking skills at the tertiary level. It also aims to explore the types of activities that teachers use to enhance the students’ oral expression and motivate them to practice their speaking. To achieve this aim, a mixed research method was used, including both qualitative and quantitative approaches. The participants of this research were 181 first-year students and 12 instructors who taught speaking modules at two public universities. The data was collected using two tools: a questionnaire and interviews analyzed using the SPSS program and thematic analysis. The results showed that the SCA was implemented by the instructors in the oral lesson and had positive impacts on improving Kurdish EFL students’ speaking skills.
Global Antimicrobial Resistance Gene Study of Helicobacter pylori: Comparison of Detection Tools, ARG and Efflux Pump Gene Analysis, Worldwide Epidemiological Distribution, and Information Related to the Antimicrobial-Resistant Phenotype

We conducted a global-scale study to identify H. pylori antimicrobial-resistant genes (ARG), address their global distribution, and understand their effect on the antimicrobial resistance (AMR) phenotypes of the clinical isolates. We identified ARG using several well-known tools against extensive bacterial ARG databases, then analyzed their correlation with clinical antibiogram data from dozens of patients across countries. This revealed that combining multiple tools and databases, followed by manual selection of ARG from the annotation results, produces more conclusive results than using a single tool or database alone. After curation, the results showed that H. pylori has 42 ARG against 11 different antibiotic classes (16 genes related to single antibiotic class resistance and 26 genes related to multidrug resistance). Further analysis revealed that H. pylori naturally harbors ARG in the core genome, called the ‘Set of ARG commonly found in the Core Genome of H. pylori (ARG-CORE)’, while ARG-ACC—the ARG in the accessory genome—are exclusive to particular strains. In addition, we detected 29 genes of potential efflux pump-related AMR that were mostly categorized as ARG-CORE. The ARG distribution appears to be almost similar either by geographical or H. pylori populations perspective; however, some ARG had a unique distribution since they tend to be found only in a particular region or population. Finally, we demonstrated that the presence of ARG may not directly correlate with the sensitive/resistance phenotype of clinical patient isolates but may influence the minimum inhibitory concentration phenotype.
Effect of V cut in perforated twisted tape insert on heat transfer and fluid flow behavior of tube flow: An experimental study

ABSTRACT Present study investigates the heat transfer and friction characteristics of heat exchanger tube fitted with perforated twisted tape (PTT) insert having V cuts. A copper tube of 1 m length and 0.032 m inner diameter is used as test section to collect the experimental data by varying the twist ratio of PTT from 2 to 6 for the Reynolds number range of 2,700–23,400. V cuts are introduced in the PTT and the V-cut relative pitch ratio is varied from 1 to 2. The maximum thermo-hydraulic performance parameter is found to be 1.58.
Statistical considerations for crowdsourced perceptual ratings of human speech productions

ABSTRACT Crowdsourcing has become a major tool for scholarly research since its introduction to the academic sphere in 2008. However, unlike in traditional laboratory settings, it is nearly impossible to control the conditions under which workers on crowdsourcing platforms complete tasks. In the study of communication disorders, crowdsourcing has provided a novel solution to the collection of perceptual ratings of human speech production. Such ratings allow researchers to gauge whether a treatment yields meaningful change in how human listeners' perceive disordered speech. This paper will explore some statistical considerations of crowdsourced data with specific focus on collecting perceptual ratings of human speech productions. Random effects models are applied to crowdsourced perceptual ratings collected in both a continuous and binary fashion. A simulation study is conducted to test the reliability of the proposed models under differing numbers of workers and tasks. Finally, this methodology is applied to a data set from the study of communication disorders.
Voxel Benchmarks for 3D Pathfinding: Sandstone, Descent, and Industrial Plants

Voxel grids are an increasingly common enabler for pathfinding in 3D spaces. Currently in this area there exists only a limited number of publicly available benchmarks. This makes it difficult to establish state-of-the-art performance and to compare the strengths and weaknesses of competing search techniques. In this work, we introduce three new and diverse sets of voxel benchmarks intended to help fill this gap. We further describe our methodology for generating and selecting a representative set of pathfinding queries. Our dataset comprises 46 distinct voxel maps and 92,000 problem instances. The data is drawn from distinct application domains: computer video games, industrial plant layouts and sandstone porosity scans. Featuring distinctive geometric properties and a variety of challenging query types, these new datasets allow practitioners to evaluate algorithmic performance across a variety of settings encountered when pathfinding in practice.
Contribution of Evaporation to Precipitation Changes in the Yangtze River Basin—Precipitation Recycling

Locally evaporated water vapor is an important source of precipitation in China. The spatiotemporal variation characteristics of the precipitation recycling ratio (ρ) in the Yangtze River Basin (YRB) in 1979–2020 were calculated and analyzed, and the contribution of internal and external cycling precipitation changes to the total precipitation changes in YRB under climate change was studied. The results show that the annual average ρ in YRB is approximately 10.3%, with the highest value of 21.8% in summer, lower than 10% in spring and autumn, and the lowest in winter, with only approximately 3.5%. Over the past 40 years, the annual average ρ in YRB has shown an increasing trend, with an increased rate of 0.4%/10a, especially in summer, with an increasing rate of 1.2%/10a. In terms of spatial distribution, ρ in YRB shows an obvious difference between the eastern and western regions, with that in the upstream western region being significantly higher than that in the downstream eastern region. The annual average ρ in the upstream region was 15–35% and can reach 20–50% in summer. The annual average ρ in the downstream region is below 10%. In general, precipitation formed by advection moisture accounts for the majority of the total precipitation in YRB. From 1979 to 2020, the annual precipitation in YRB showed an increasing trend. The cumulative increase is about 47.4 mm, of which 68.9% was contributed by local evaporation, and 31.1% was contributed by external moisture.
Seroprevalence and Biomarkers Detection of Human Herpes Virus (HHV-8) in Patients with Kaposi Sarcoma

Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) represents the most prevalent malignancy among untreated HIV-positive individuals. Herpesvirus linked with Kaposi's sarcoma (KSHV; also termed as human herpesvirus 8 (HHV8)). In this study, blood samples were collected from 120 individuals, 60 of them had HHV-8 infection with kaposi sarcoma and 60 persons as apparently healthy control. These patients attended Baghdad Teaching Hospital from the period of 15th February 2021 to 15th January 2022. Infections are seen to be more prevalent in the age group of 25-49 years when compared to other groups. The distribution of the biomarkers confirmed that 50, 25 and 80% of the 20 infected patients were positive for Ca19.9, Ca125 and Ca15.3 respectively. The Ca19.9, Ca125, and Ca15.3 biomarkers all produced good results in patients with Human Herpes Virus 8 (HHV-8) infections, leading us to the conclusion that these biomarkers gave favorable results. All of the PCR products showed a positive amplification at 434bp. Phylogenetic analysis confirmed the belongingness to the HHV strain. Further, this could lead to the development of a novel molecular diagnostic tool.
Strategies of water flow treatment of Paringin Pit Lake to meet wastewater discharge compliance

Coal mining by the open-pit mining method creates the formation of a pit lake. The ex-mining site, over time, was gradually filled with contaminated water and must be returned to the water quality standard of compliance level. With proper treatment, the pit lakes have the potential for several benefits and subsequent uses. This study aimed to analyze the existing condition of the Paringin Pit Lake at South Kalimantan by identifying the quality of the water flow, and it is compliance with the parameter threshold values. The results showed that the pit lake water management had been carried out supported by good management of the catchment area and was indicated the stable category by geology technical study. The success of its revegetation processed in the area was shown by an erosion study in which the result was a very low-level category. No less important is the management of runoff water both in the quantity of water balance control and consistent water quality treatment to meet the quality standard values that have been set. The Paringin Pit Lake water management strategy is a form of activity that demonstrates compliance with good and responsible mining principles to support sustainable development that can serve as a good reference and example for other mining activities in terms of mine closure preparation.
Raman Spectroscopy to Monitor the Delivery of a Nano-Formulation of Vismodegib in the Skin

Raman spectroscopy was used to detect low quantities of Vismodegib in the skin after its topical application via transfersomes. Vismodegib is a novel antineoplastic drug approved for oral administration for treatment of basal cell carcinoma. Transfersomes loaded with Vismodegib were prepared by thin film resuspension and extrusion, and were characterized physicochemically. Transfersomes were applied to human and pig skin specimens using the Saarbrücken penetration model. The skin was then sectioned by tape stripping, followed by penetration assessment by UV-Vis spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy in a confocal Raman microscope. Raman signals from Vismodegib and transfersomes were recovered from skin sections, showing a similar distribution in the stratum corneum obtained by the other techniques. On the other hand, pig and human skin showed differences in their penetration profiles, proving their lack of equivalence for assessing the performance of these transfersomes. Raman spectroscopy appears as a potential non-invasive, direct tool for monitoring hard-to-detect molecules in a complex environment such as the skin.
Comprehensive Learning Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm With Local Search for Multimodal Functions

A comprehensive learning particle swarm optimizer (CLPSO) embedded with local search (LS) is proposed to pursue higher optimization performance by taking the advantages of CLPSO’s strong global search capability and LS’s fast convergence ability. This paper proposes an adaptive LS starting strategy by utilizing our proposed quasi-entropy index to address its key issue, i.e., when to start LS. The changes of the index as the optimization proceeds are analyzed in theory and via numerical tests. The proposed algorithm is tested on multimodal benchmark functions. Parameter sensitivity analysis is performed to demonstrate its robustness. The comparison results reveal overall higher convergence rate and accuracy than those of CLPSO, state-of-the-art particle swarm optimization variants.
Consensus of High-Order Discrete-Time Multiagent Systems With Switching Topology

The communication cost is generally higher for the consensus of high-order multiagent systems than that for low-order multiagent systems. In this paper, two novel distributed protocols are proposed to address the consensus of high-order discrete-time multiagent systems. By the proposed consensus protocols, each agent only needs to transmit the value of a variable to neighbor agents regardless of the order of agent dynamics. Theoretical analysis shows that the proposed protocols guarantee asymptotic consensus of the agent states in different cases of communication graphs, including jointly connected ones. Simulative examples verify the theoretical results and the efficacy of the proposed protocols.
Which Hypothesis is Valid for OECD Countries in the Context of the Relationship between Energy Consumption and Economic Growth? A Panel Data Analysis

In the study, panel data analysis was conducted on 32 OECD countries covering the period 1990-2018. To analyse the effect of energy consumption on economic growth, first, a cross-section dependence test of the variables was carried out, then CADF Test, which is the most suitable unit root test based on the obtained results results, was applied. According to the findings of the Hausman, autocorrelation, and heteroscedasticity tests, it has been decided to use the Driscoll-Kraay test for the model’s forecast. The forecast results demonstrate that energy consumption positively affects economic growth. Westerlund ECM Panel Cointegration Test was conducted to determine the long-term relationship, and it concluded that the variables acted together in the long term. Emirmahmutoglu & Kose and Dumitrescu & Hurlin tests were used to determine the direction of the relationship between energy consumption and growth. Through the results of both tests, a maximum number of countries emerged respectively in the null hypothesis with no causality relationship and then in the growth hypothesis explaining the causality relationship from energy to growth. Along with the panel fisher and panel Z_NT test results of both causality tests, a causality relationship has been detected from energy to growth.
Intensity-Based Camera Setup for Refractometric and Biomolecular Sensing with a Photonic Crystal Microfluidic Chip

Label-free sensing is a promising approach for point-of-care testing devices. Among optical transducers, photonic crystal slabs (PCSs) have positioned themselves as an inexpensive yet versatile platform for label-free biosensing. A spectral resonance shift is observed upon biomolecular binding to the functionalized surface. Commonly, a PCS is read out by a spectrometer. Alternatively, the spectral shift may be translated into an intensity change by tailoring the system response. Intensity-based camera setups (IBCS) are of interest as they mitigate the need for postprocessing, enable spatial sampling, and have moderate hardware requirements. However, they exhibit modest performance compared with spectrometric approaches. Here, we show an increase of the sensitivity and limit of detection (LOD) of an IBCS by employing a sharp-edged cut-off filter to optimize the system response. We report an increase of the LOD from (7.1 ± 1.3) × 10−4 RIU to (3.2 ± 0.7) × 10−5 RIU. We discuss the influence of the region of interest (ROI) size on the achievable LOD. We fabricated a biochip by combining a microfluidic and a PCS and demonstrated autonomous transport. We analyzed the performance via refractive index steps and the biosensing ability via diluted glutathione S-transferase (GST) antibodies (1:250). In addition, we illustrate the speed of detection and demonstrate the advantage of the additional spatial information by detecting streptavidin (2.9 µg/mL). Finally, we present the detection of immunoglobulin G (IgG) from whole blood as a possible basis for point-of-care devices.
Root Canal Configuration of Mandibular Anterior Teeth in Baghdad City by Cone Beam Computed Tomography

Background Appropriate root canal morphology knowledge is vital for successful endodontic treatment. One of the main reasons for root canal treatment failure is the lack of knowledge of canal morphology, causing missed uncleaned and unshaped canals and compromising the favorable outcome. Objectives To investigate root canal morphology of mandibular anterior teeth by CBCT imaging in a sample of the Iraqi population in Baghdad city. Materials and Methods A total of 441 healthy, untreated fully erupted mandibular anterior teeth from 75 CBCT scans were examined and investigated for root canal morphology categorized by Vertucci classification. The entire root length was examined in the axial section with a slice thickness of half a millimetre. Results All examined teeth had single roots. Obtained data expressed as number and percentage of canal configuration. The chi-square test showed a non-significant difference between males and females. Type I configuration was the most common 80%, while type III accounted only for 17%. Conclusion Single rooted with Type I canal configuration is the most prevalent in mandibular anterior teeth in the Iraqi subpopulation. However, the incidence of more than one root canal with different canal configurations is also detected.