Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Participation of Mapuche organizations in intercultural education for children: limitations and possibilities in Chile

ABSTRACT In the last few years, Chilean educational policies have emphasized the participation of indigenous communities in intercultural preschools. However, recent research has shown that the alliances between indigenous communities and these preschools are still weak. Thus, we focus on the perspective of Mapuche organizations – in Chile – regarding the limitations and possibilities for collaboration between their organizations and intercultural preschools. Using a qualitative methodology, we asked: What are the opinions of Mapuche organizations regarding preschools? What kind of cooperation is possible between Mapuche organizations and preschools? And what collaborations are possible between organizations and preschools? From an Indigenous Standpoint and cultural interface perspective, the results show that in order to forge collaborative alliances, the preschools should make profound changes (e.g., hierarchies, solid relationships, critical interculturalism, Mapuche preschools, indigenous knowledge). Finally, the indications put forward in educational policies should go hand-in-hand with concrete measures and resources in the preschool system.
Comparison of front-of-pack labels to help German consumers understand the nutritional quality of food products

Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) represent the most important causes of death worldwide, outweighing infectious diseases [1]. In Germany cardiovascular disease and cancers are the two leading causes of death, accounting for 42% and 23% of all deaths respectively among women, and 35% and 29% of all deaths among men [2]. The prevalence of obesity has increased during the last decades [3]: In 2013, 14.3% of women and 17.1% of men were obese [4], an increase of 3.3 percentage points among women and 5.0 percentage points among men compared to data collected in 1999 [5]. The prevalence of adult obesity is currently estimated to range between 16.5% and 23.9% in women and between 17.3% and 23.3% in men [6]. Multifactorial in their origin, nutrition is a common determinant of these NCDs [7]. Yet, dietary behavior is considered as a modifiable factor, yielding an important potential for the prevention of NCDs in the long term [8, 9]. Among the multiple strategies aiming at improving the dietary behavior of populations, some have been identified by the World Health Organization (WHO) as ‘best buys’, yielding high benefits for a reduced cost: taxation of less healthy products, regulation of marketing to children and front-of-pack labelling [8]. Frontof-Pack Labels (FoPLs) aim to enable consumers to make healthier choices at the point of purchase, by simplifying and helping them interpret the detailed nutritional information that is accessible at the back of the pack [8].
Identifying the neural network for neuromodulation in epilepsy through connectomics and graphs

Abstract Deep brain stimulation is a treatment option for patients with drug-resistant epilepsy. The precise mechanism of neuromodulation in epilepsy is unknown, and biomarkers are needed for optimizing treatment. The aim of this study was to describe the neural network associated with deep brain stimulation targets for epilepsy and to explore its potential application as a novel biomarker for neuromodulation. Using seed-to-voxel functional connectivity maps, weighted by seizure outcomes, brain areas associated with stimulation were identified in normative resting state functional scans of 1000 individuals. To pinpoint specific regions in the normative epilepsy deep brain stimulation network, we examined overlapping areas of functional connectivity between the anterior thalamic nucleus, centromedian thalamic nucleus, hippocampus and less studied epilepsy deep brain stimulation targets. Graph network analysis was used to describe the relationship between regions in the identified network. Furthermore, we examined the associations of the epilepsy deep brain stimulation network with disease pathophysiology, canonical resting state networks and findings from a systematic review of resting state functional MRI studies in epilepsy deep brain stimulation patients. Cortical nodes identified in the normative epilepsy deep brain stimulation network were in the anterior and posterior cingulate, medial frontal and sensorimotor cortices, frontal operculum and bilateral insulae. Subcortical nodes of the network were in the basal ganglia, mesencephalon, basal forebrain and cerebellum. Anterior thalamic nucleus was identified as a central hub in the network with the highest betweenness and closeness values, while centromedian thalamic nucleus and hippocampus showed average centrality values. The caudate nucleus and mammillothalamic tract also displayed high centrality values. The anterior cingulate cortex was identified as an important cortical hub associated with the effect of deep brain stimulation in epilepsy. The neural network of deep brain stimulation targets shared hubs with known epileptic networks and brain regions involved in seizure propagation and generalization. Two cortical clusters identified in the epilepsy deep brain stimulation network included regions corresponding to resting state networks, mainly the default mode and salience networks. Our results were concordant with findings from a systematic review of resting state functional MRI studies in patients with deep brain stimulation for epilepsy. Our findings suggest that the various epilepsy deep brain stimulation targets share a common cortico-subcortical network, which might in part underpin the antiseizure effects of stimulation. Interindividual differences in this network functional connectivity could potentially be used as biomarkers in selection of patients, stimulation parameters and neuromodulation targets.
Numerical investigation of Marine Hydrokinetic Turbines: methodology development for single turbine and small array simulation, and application to flume and full-scale reference models.

Numerical investigation of Marine Hydrokinetic Turbines: methodology development for single turbine and small array simulation, and application to flume and full-scale reference models. Amir Teymour Javaherchi Mozafari Professor Alberto Aliseda Department of Mechanical Engineering A hierarchy of numerical models, Single Rotating Reference Frame (SRF) and Blade Element Model (BEM), were used for numerical investigation of horizontal axis Marine Hydrokinetic (MHK) Turbines. In the initial stage the SRF and BEM were used to simulate the performance and turbulent wake of a flumeand a full-scale MHK turbine reference model. A significant level of understanding and confidence was developed in the implementation of numerical models for simulation of a MHK turbine. This was achieved by simulation of the flume-scale turbine experiments and comparison between numerical and experimental results. Then the developed numerical methodology was applied to simulate the performance and wake of the full-scale MHK reference model (DOE Reference Model 1). In the second stage the BEM was used to simulate the experimental study of two different MHK turbine array configurations (i.e. two and three coaxial turbines). After developing a numerical methodology using the experimental comparison to simulate the flow field of a turbine array, this methodology was applied toward array optimization study of a full-scale model with the goal of proposing an optimized MHK turbine configuration with minimal computational cost and time. In the last stage the BEM was used to investigate one of the potential environmental effects of MHK turbine. A general methodological approach was developed and experimentally validated to investigate the effect of MHK turbine wake on the sedimentation process of suspended particles in a tidal channel.
Vibration of a Thermoelastic Microbeam due to the Thermoelectrical Effect of a Strip of Graphene

In this work, an analysis of thermoelastic, homogeneous, and isotropic microbeams was conducted in the context of the non-Fourier heat conduction law. The first end of the microbeam was based on a graphene strip, which was connected to an electrical voltage source. Under simple boundary conditions maintained by fixed side ratios, the Lord–Shulman model of generalized thermoelasticity was applied. The microbeam was thermally loaded with a heat source due to the thermal effect of the electrical current that ran through the strip of graphene. Laplace transformation of the time variable was utilized to solve controlled differential equations. All the solutions were found in the Laplace transform domain. Tzou's approximation approach, which relies on an iteration formula, was used to numerically calculate the Laplace transform inversions. For different values of the electrical voltage and the resistance of the graphene strip, different graphs were used to show the numerical results. The electrical voltage and the electrical resistance were reported to have significant influences on all the studied functions of the microbeam. Thus, controlling a microbeam’s vibration and energy could be accomplished by tuning the electrical resistance and applied voltage.
The relationship between resilience and student success among a sample of South African engineering students

Abstract There is a growing need to understand the role of non-cognitive factors in relation to university students’ academic performance and successful adaptation to university life. This study investigated the relationship between the non-cognitive factor “resilience” and student success (academic performance, turnover intentions, brain-body optimisation) among South African university students. This cross-sectional correlational study analysed data from 360 first-year students. Self-report data were collected using the Neurozone Assessment, comprising two subscales: the Brain Performance Diagnostic and the Resilience Index. Turnover intentions were assessed using the Neurozone Assessment, and students’ academic marks were obtained via the university’s management information system. Correlational analyses revealed significant positive relationships between the Stress Mastery and Positive Affect components of resilience and academic performance, a significant negative relationship between the Positive Affect component of resilience and turnover intentions, as well as significant positive relationships between brain-body optimisation and all three components of resilience (Stress Mastery, Positive Affect, and Early-Life Stability). Through regression analyses, we identified the behavioural predictors that underlie resilience and outline a framework for implementing behavioural interventions to enhance resilience and increase student success. Resilience is an important non-cognitive determinant of student success in first-year students.
Vocational Rehabilitation in the COVID-19 Era: The Importance of Supervision

The rehabilitation counseling profession, as an essential career, has been facing unforeseen and unprecedented complications as a result of the coronavirus-19 pandemic. As practitioners were required to begin completing their work virtually or using telehealth modalities, it became apparent that may be gaps in preparation for such a shift. It is as yet unknown what implication these changes have on employment rates of people with disabilities, in addition to other markers for independence (e.g., independent living). Implications of the sudden shift to virtual practice are especially of interest following the changes to the comprehensive system of personnel development legislated by the Workforce Innovation and Opportunity Act reauthorization of 2014. Decreased educational requirements may lead vocational rehabilitation (VR) employees to navigate a national crisis without the essential knowledge domains required for qualified provider status. The current study asked VR personnel to indicate their comfort and preparedness in various areas, in light of the pandemic and virtual service provision (N = 88). Items were assessed at three levels: Counselor, Agency, and Client. Taken together, the results indicate that the sample feels able to maintain evidence-based services, and that supervisors have been regularly available during this uncertain time. Implications for rehabilitation researchers, supervisors, and educators are discussed.
What Keeps Elderly Indonesians Working?

The era of the baby boom and the improvement in the quality of life brought the Indonesian population to an aging phase. The increasing elderly population in Indonesia is not in line with the labor force participation rate of the elderly which tends to stagnant and decline based on BPS data from 2003 to2019. This study aims to examine the determinants of the participation of the elderly to work, not only from the supply side but also from the demand side of the labor market that has never been studied in the Indonesian elderly. We use the 2018 Susenas and the 2018 Podes by Badan Pusat Statistik (BPS). We used logistic regression to analyze the variables that drive the elderly to work. From the results of the study, it is known that with a confidence level of 1 percent, poverty status, the distance to urban centers (access to work) and village industrial structure (with the agricultural sector) plays a role in increasing the opportunities for the elderly to work. While the living arrangement, age, education, and ownership of pensions contribute otherwise.There is a corrigendum for this article: https://journals.ums. ac.id/index.php/JEP/article/view/16187
Early Protective Role of Inflammation in Cardiac Remodeling and Heart Failure: Focus on TNFα and Resident Macrophages

Cardiac hypertrophy, initiated by a variety of physiological or pathological stimuli (hemodynamic or hormonal stimulation or infarction), is a critical early adaptive compensatory response of the heart. The structural basis of the progression from compensated hypertrophy to pathological hypertrophy and heart failure is still largely unknown. In most cases, early activation of an inflammatory program reflects a reparative or protective response to other primary injurious processes. Later on, regardless of the underlying etiology, heart failure is always associated with both local and systemic activation of inflammatory signaling cascades. Cardiac macrophages are nodal regulators of inflammation. Resident macrophages mostly attenuate cardiac injury by secreting cytoprotective factors (cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors), scavenging damaged cells or mitochondrial debris, and regulating cardiac conduction, angiogenesis, lymphangiogenesis, and fibrosis. In contrast, excessive recruitment of monocyte-derived inflammatory macrophages largely contributes to the transition to heart failure. The current review examines the ambivalent role of inflammation (mainly TNFα-related) and cardiac macrophages (Mφ) in pathophysiologies from non-infarction origin, focusing on the protective signaling processes. Our objective is to illustrate how harnessing this knowledge could pave the way for innovative therapeutics in patients with heart failure.
A Survey of Bahamian and Jamaican Teachers’

The purpose of this study was to investigate the level of self-reported job satisfaction andmotivation among teachers in the Bahamas and Jamaica. A total of 168 Bahamian (n =75) andJamaican (n = 93) teachers completed the Teacher Motivation and Job Satisfaction Survey.Overall results indicate that teachers in the Bahamas reported higher levels of job satisfaction ascompared to teachers in Jamaica. Other findings relating to job satisfaction and motivation arediscussed, and various aspects of job satisfaction are discussed in relationship to the principlesof Invitational Education.
Hydrophobic Drug Release Studies from the Core/Shell Magnetic Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles and their Anticancer Application

Multiple therapeutic hydrophobic drugs can be delivered simultaneously by inorganic, biocompatible iron core mesoporous silica shell nanoparticles. We synthesized superparamagnetic iron oxide nanocrystals encapsulated within mesostructured silica spheres through the sol-gel process. The dose of hydrophobic drugs Paclitaxel (PTX) and Camptothecin (CPT) loading and released on Fe3 O4 @SiO2 core/shell nanoparticle detected by U.V-visible spectrophotometry using a platform of nanoparticles (NPS). After being subjected to external heating, the drug release efficiency of paclitaxel (PTX) and camptothecin (CPT) Fe3 O4 @SiO2 core/shell nanoparticles is increased. Paclitaxel (PTX) and Camptothecin (CPT) Fe3 O4 @SiO2 core/shell nanoparticles did not heat the solution when an alternating magnetic field (AMF) was applied, and there was only mild drug leakage. When compared to Fe3 O4 @MSNs, the nanoparticles (PTX) and (CPT) Fe3 O4 @MSNs function as cancer-targeting mediators, increasing the killing of PANC-1 cancer cells. Human cancer cells were given these therapeutic anticancer water-insoluble drugs with nanoparticles, which is a valuable vehicle for drug delivery, and induced the inhibition of proliferation. Therefore, the goal of this study to emphasize Fe3 O4 @SiO2 core/shell potential as a superior candidate for hydrophobic drug delivery to the PANC-1 cancer cell.
Factors and variables to promote a knowledge-sharing culture change in higher education institutions of developing countries

Background: Knowledge-sharing culture permits knowledge reuse, exchange of knowledge, experiences and insights in an institution to achieve strategic goals. Knowledge-sharing requires motivation through rewards and recognition to improve employee engagement. The article provides an analysis of factors to promote a knowledge-sharing culture change.Objectives: The two objectives were designed to examine the factors that promote knowledge-sharing culture change and to recommend strategies that encourage knowledge- sharing.Method: An online questionnaire was used to gather quantitative data from a higher education institution in Zimbabwe: a developing country on the African continent.Results: The results established that rewards, recognition, promotion and bonuses are significant factors in promoting a knowledge-sharing culture change. It emerged that 53.3% of the participants approved that knowledge- sharing is dependent on the disposition of the individual whilst the other 46.7% of the participants were either indecisive or disagreed with the proposition. Rewards are important to the extent that 91.7% of the participants approved the proposition. It was also confirmed by 95% of the participants that recognition adds value to an institution. Moreover, 80% of the participants submitted that recognition contributes to employee retention and engagement. Fascinatingly, 88.3% of the participants settled on the proposition that recognition allows access to top talent and 68.3% concurred that promotion encourages loyalty.Conclusion: Rewards, recognition, promotion and bonuses are important factors that encourage a knowledge-sharing culture. Rewards strengthen employee value proposition whilst recognition allows access to top talent. Promotion inspires employees whilst bonuses are perceived as signalling employee appreciation, which stimulates a knowledge-sharing culture.
The great wall of inflammatory bowel disease

Seven centuries later, we are building a great wall to help protect our patients living with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). In lieu of quartered troops, we have new therapeutic options; in place of watch towers, we have advanced diagnostic and surveillance modalities. The aim of our wall is to protect patients so that they can live the best quality of life possible, but at the same time, we must be sure to guard against trapping them within this same wall, causing them harm through over‐treatment and unnecessary medicalisation.
Morphological Characterization of Pollen in Some Varieties of Walnut (Juglans regia)

ABSTRACT In this study carried out to determine the pollen characteristics of walnut, Bilecik, Chandler, Fernette, Fernor, Kaman 1, Pedro, Şebin, and Şen 1 varieties were used as material. As a result of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) examination it was stated that the pollen shapes were oblate spheroidal for all the walnut varieties. The pollen of the varieties exhibited diversity in pollen length (37.54–40.52 µm), width (41.10–45.02 µm), pori diameter (2.45–3.61 µm), distance between pori (11.28–14.41 µm) and spinules (0.54–0.73 µm), pore (16.40–23.00) and spinules (20.50–43.50) number, spinule width (0.18–0.26 µm) and length (0.09–0.28 µm). Results showed that in particular, the Fernor had the largest pore diameter, so their number per unit area was low. In contrast, Bilecik had the smallest pore diameter. Distance between pori of this variety was the least. Therefore, a large number of pori was observed on the surface. In addition, spinules sizes were determined to be larger in Şen 1, but smaller in Chandler variety than the others. In particular, these morphological properties of pollen can be used for identification of different varieties. Also, the pollen shape and exine patterning of the varieties studied were illustrated by SEM images.
Defining and Measuring Forest Dependence in the United States: Operationalization and Sensitivity Analysis

This manuscript helps bridge a gap between theoretical work that advocates for a broad view of forest dependence, and empirical work that has focused narrowly on economic measures. Background: Forest dependence has been widely recognized as a valuable concept for understanding human communities’ well-being and vulnerability to shocks and changes. Past theoretical literature has highlighted the importance of recognizing various types of dependence—environmental, economic, and social—yet past empirical literature on the topic in the United States has almost exclusively relied on measures of economic dependence such as employment and earnings from the traditional forest products sector. Objective and Methods: As a first step to bridge the gap between the theoretical and empirical, we reviewed the existing, publicly available, reliable, wall-to-wall data sources to identify alternate proxy measures for forest dependence. Data availability made the analysis feasible only at the county level—the administrative subdivisions of the state—or higher. Results and Conclusions: We created environmental, economic, and social criteria based on threshold levels of the following proxy variables: forest area, earnings, employment, and indigenous population. Using these criteria, we identified 524 counties to be potentially forest-dependent of 3140 total counties in the United States. The largest concentration was in the Pacific Northwest and Southeast regions, and a higher proportion were non-metro counties than metro. Varying the threshold levels significantly changes the number of counties identified but does not alter the overall geographic trends.