Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Impact Of COVID-19 Pandemic On Mental Health In Pakistan: A Systematic Review

Epidemics and pandemics ravage human population in different ways. Recent COVID-19 has engulfed the whole world and casted significant social and psychological impacts on individuals around the globe. This review article includes literature from January 2020 to November 2020 on the psychological impact of corona virus pandemic on individuals in Pakistan. Literature on psychological impact was searched via electronic databases and reputable websites including Google Scholar, PubMed, Elsevier, Science Direct, Scopus and Springer by using the searching keywords: COVID-19 and psychological problems, COVID-19 and mental health, impact of corona/novel corona virus and COVID-19 and medical personnel or health care professionals in Pakistan. Total of 12 articles were selected for review. The results of study highlighted the psychological impacts of COVID-19 on students, health workers, slum community and general public who were more likely to develop the stress, anxiety, and depression, post traumatic and additional indicators of mental distress like psychological distress associated with economic recession. It was concluded that Covid-19 should not be solely treated as a life-threatening virus and a risk for physical health, but the mental health services should also be promoted to safeguard the psychological impact of the virus on Pakistani population in general, and students and healthcare providers in particular.
Effects of Repeated Jump Testing and Diurnal Changes on Subsequent Countermovement Jump and Squat Jump Output and Force-Time Characteristics

Abstract Harrison, PW, James, LP, Jenkins, DG, Holmberg, PM, and Kelly, VG. Effects of repeated jump testing and diurnal changes on subsequent countermovement jump and squat jump output and force-time characteristics. J Strength Cond Res 38(1): 174–179, 2024—The aim of this brief study was to investigate the effects of repeated jump testing on performance over 2 consecutive days while considering the possibility of diurnal changes. Fourteen male subjects and 14 recreationally active female subjects completed countermovement jump (CMJ) and squat jump (SJ) testing on 5 occasions (baseline [0,800], 5 minutes [0,820], 8 hours [1,600], 24 hours [0,800], and 32 hours [1,600]) over 32 hours. An additional rested baseline test was conducted on a separate day in the afternoon (1,600) to compare jump performance between morning and afternoon baseline values. Excluding small decreases in CMJ height at 24 hours (p = 0.292, Cliff’s delta = −0.225) in male subjects and similar decreases in CMJ height at 5 minutes (p = 0.034, Cliff’s delta = −0.245) in addition to SJ height:contraction time at 32 hours (p = 0.126, Cliff’s delta = 0.153) in female subjects, findings generally showed no changes in jump performance over multiple assessments. Squat jump metrics may have showed small improvements between morning and afternoon baseline values in male subjects (SJ height:contraction time [p = 0.030, Cliff’s delta = 0.225]) and female subjects (SJ height [p = 0.013, Cliff’s delta = 0.173] and SJ height:contraction time [p = 0.091, Cliff’s delta = 0.163)]. As jump performance was largely unaffected by repeated jump testing, the present findings support the use of monitoring practices and research designs that require multiple jump assessments within acute periods (∼32 hours).
Engaging Imagination and Developing Creativity in Education

Efforts to define and measure creativity by qualifying it with analytical and logical conditions have not proved to be very useful. In this paper we attempt to use a different method to crack the code of creativity, a method we call: dialectical explication. We see this type of explication as being more appropriate to cover a polysemic and fluid concept that is manifested in many fields and is driven by emotions and motivations and not only by cognitive processes. The first part of this paper reviews and criticizes several traditional approaches to study the nature of creativity, the most prominent being the psychometric and the biographical schools of research. The second part shows how an explanation based on the ability to locate different and even contradictory meanings on a flexible semantic space could help to capture the ill-defined nature of the concept. The paper includes implications of the different efforts to define creativity for the teacher and the educational system.
Protecting Civilians in Conflict: Human Rights and Humanitarian Law

This essay aligns its argument with the strand in international legal thought that argues that humanitarian and human rights law build on two very distinct perspectives of protection of civilians during armed conflicts; and therefore, present two independent legal regimes, which were not necessarily designed to closely coexist (Droege 2008: 548). However, the realities of armed conflicts require their interdependency for the sake of their common aim – protection of innocent victims of armed conflicts. As the essay suggests, this interplay is not necessarily smooth or easy. There exist lacunae in application of both and further improvement in application of existing regimes is necessary to ensure protection of civilians.
Changes in floodplain inundation under nonstationary hydrology for an adjustable, alluvial river channel

Predicting the frequency and aerial extent of flooding in river valleys is essential for infrastructure design, environmental management, and risk assessment. Conventional flood prediction relies on assumptions of stationary flood distributions and static channel geometries. However, nonstationary flow regimes are increasingly observed and changes in flow and/or sediment supply are known to alter the geometry and flood conveyance of alluvial channels. Systematic changes in flows and/or channel geometry may amplify or attenuate the frequency and/or extent of flood inundation in unexpected ways. We present a stochastic, reduced complexity model to investigate such dynamics. The model routes a series of annual peak discharges through a simplified reach‐averaged channel‐floodplain cross section. Channel width, depth, and slope are permitted to adjust annually by a user‐specified fraction toward equilibrium geometries predicted based on each year's peak discharge and sediment supply. Modeled channel adjustments are compared with empirical observations for two rivers in Minnesota, USA that have experienced multiple large floods over the past 6 years. The model is then run using six hypothetical scenarios simulating nonstationary flow regimes with temporal adjustments in the mean and/or variance of the governing peak‐flow distributions. Each scenario is run repeatedly while varying parameters that control the amount of fractional adjustment that channel geometries can make annually. Results indicate that the intra‐annual mean horizontal width of floodplain inundation primarily depends on the governing peak‐flow distribution's coefficient of variation, but the intra‐annual frequency of floodplain inundation (i.e., the fraction of modeled years with inundation) primarily depends on the amount of channel adjustment permitted annually.
Electrostatic fate of N -layer moiré graphene

Twisted N -layer graphene (TNG) moiré structures have recently been shown to exhibit robust superconductivity similar to twisted bilayer graphene (TBG). In particular for N = 4 and N = 5, the phase diagram features a superconducting pocket that extends beyond the nominal full ﬁlling of the ﬂat band. These observations are seemingly at odds with the canonical understanding of the low-energy theory of TNG, wherein the TNG Hamiltonian consists of one ﬂat-band sector and accompanying dispersive bands. Using a self-consistent Hartree-Fock treatment, we explain how the phenomenology of TNG can be understood through an interplay of in-plane Hartree and inhomogeneous layer potentials, which cause a reshufﬂing of electronic bands. We extend our understanding beyond the case of N = 5 realized in experiment so far. We describe how the Hartree and layer potentials control the phase diagram for devices with N > 5 and tend to preclude exchange-driven correlated phenomena in this limit. To circumvent these electrostatic constraints, we propose a ﬂat-band paradigm that could be realized in large-N devices by taking advantage of two nearly ﬂat sectors acting together to enhance the importance of exchange effects
The Aquila Digital Community The Aquila Digital Community

In this paper, we present a priori error analysis of a hybridizable discontinuous Galerkin (HDG) method for a distributed optimal control problem governed by diﬀusion equations. The error estimates are established based on the projection-based approach recently used to analyze these methods for the diﬀusion equation. We proved that for approximations of degree k on conforming meshes, the orders of convergence of the approximation to ﬂuxes and scalar variables are k + 1 when the local stabilization parameter is suitably chosen.
CD19, ALDH18A1, and CACNA1G as Significant Hub Genes in End-Stage Osteoarthritis

Background: Osteoarthritis is one of the principal causes of chronic joint disease and may progressively engender disability in elderly individuals. The present study aimed to identify differentially expressed genes and associated signaling pathways in end-stage osteoarthritis. Methods: Differentially expressed messenger RNAs in the early and end stages of osteoarthritis were examined through gene expression omnibus 2R (GEO2R) in the GSE32317 dataset. Subsequently, gene ontology (GO) enrichment, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), and protein-protein interaction (PPI) analyses were conducted. Furthermore, microRNAs targeting hub genes were investigated using the miRcode database. This study was conducted jointly at Bam University of Medical Sciences and Rajaie Cardiovascular, Medical and Research Center on October 2022. Results: Differentially expressed data demonstrated downregulation in 134 genes and upregulation in 189 genes in end-stage knee osteoarthritis. The results of the enrichment and PPI analyses determined 4 end-stage knee osteoarthritis-related hub genes: IL-1B, CD19, CACNA1G, and ALDH18A1. The knee osteoarthritis-related key genes were involved in the Wnt signaling, B cell receptor signaling, calcium signaling, circadian entrainment, arginine and proline metabolism, axon guidance, and cytokine-cytokine receptor pathways. Additionally, the microRNAs targeting the 4 aforementioned genes were predicted. Conclusion: The present study is the first to provide fresh insights into the potential therapeutic targets of key genes, namely CD19, CACNA1G, and ALDH18A1, differentially expressed in end-stage osteoarthritis and their relevant signaling pathways and interactive microRNAs.
Compete or Complement? How the World Bank Responds to the Establishment of the AIIB ∗

China’s establishment of the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB) un-derscores the rising super power’s ambition to offer new sources of funding to developing countries. The prospect of alternative funding does not necessarily imply a shift away from the West’s foremost development organization, the World Bank. Experts estimate that the developing world requires trillions of dollars in infrastructure investment. So the AIIB could very well complement World Bank efforts, simply filling funding gaps. Still, the terms of AIIB loans are touted to be less intrusive than World Bank loans, void of policy conditionality. The AIIB option also enables governments to follow new leadership of the global economy under China. This paper thus examines the impact of the AIIB’s founding on World Bank lending. Using the generalized synthetic control method, we estimate a decrease in the number of World Bank projects for AIIB founding members, an effect concentrated in infrastructure-intensive projects. Our results suggest that the AIIB represents real competition for Western influence in the developing world.
One of the main neotectonic structures in the NW central Anatolia: Beypazarı Blind Thrust Zone and related fault-propagation folds

Bu makalede Turkiye jeoloji literaturunde “Beypazari fleksuru / monoklinali” olarak bilinen yapinin “Beypazari fay ilerleme kivrimlari” olarak anilmasinin daha uygun olacagi onerilmektedir. Beypazari, Kilci ve Basoren kor bindirmeleri ile Erenler geri bindirmesinden meydana gelen Beypazari Kor Bindirme Zonu (BKBZ), deprem etkinliginin de gosterdigi uzere aktif neotektonik bir yapidir. Kuzey Anadolu Fay Zonu, Kirikkale-Erbaa Fay Zonu ve Eskisehir Fay Zonu arasindaki etkilesimden dogan KB-GD daralma sonucu olusan Eldivan-Elmadag Kistirilmis Tektonik Kamasi, Abdusselam Kistirilmis Tektonik Kamasi ile birlikte Beypazari Kor Bindirme Zonu da Anadolu levhasinin ic deformasyonunu karsilamaktadir.
The Effects of Metformin on Hyperandrogenism and Menstrual Functions in Insulin Resistant Adolescents with PCOS Adolesan Polikistik Over Sendromlu Hastalarda Metformin Tedavisinin Hiperandrojenizm ve Menstrual Fonksiyonlar Üzerine Etkisi

Aim: To investigate the effects of metformin therapy on hyperandrogenism and menstrual functions in adolescent patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and insulin resistance (IR). Material and Method: This study was conducted with 50 adolescents with PCOS. Hormonal and ultrasonographic assessments were done at the early follicular phase. On the day of 19-21 of the cycle, progesterone levels were measured and patients were questioned for menstrual periods. Body-mass-indexes (BMI), waist-hip ratios, and Ferriman-Gallwey scores were calculated for all patients. IR is diagnosed according to HOMA index and insulin-resistant patients were instructed to use 1500 mg/day metformin for 3 months. After treatment, measurements were repeated by the same researcher. Results: Mean age and BMI values were similar between groups. Although the values of BMI and waist/hip ratio decreased after treatment, the decrement didn't reach the values of the IR-group. Free testosterone levels were significantly higher in IR+ subjects compared to controls and decreased considerably after metformin. Sex hormone-binding globulin levels were increased with treatment and as a result, free androgen indexes were decreased. 17 OH progesterone levels were significantly higher in the IR+ group and regressed to similar levels with IR negatives with metformin. While mean levels of fasting insulin were 19.21 IU/ml in the IR+ group, it regressed to 13.14 IU/ml after treatment. Also fasting glucose/insulin ratios were increased as expected. Finally, a significant improvement in the treatment group was observed at menstrual irregularity. Conclusion : Consequently, this study supports the conclusion that metformin reduces hyperandrogenism, regulates menstruation and improves ovulatory functions.
HSOA Journal of Alternative, Complementary & Integrative Medicine

In the enteric nervous system, there are a large number of Enteric Glial Cells (EGCs) around enteric neurons, and they interact with each other to regulate the function of the gastrointestinal tract. EGCs were only considered to have the function of nutrition and support of enteric neurons in the previous studies, but with the large number of researches in recent years, EGCs have an important regulatory role in the enteric nervous system, enteric mucosal barrier, and enteric neuroimmune system both in the physiological and pathological states. EGCs can affect the axonal maintenance of enteric neurons, enteric neuronal survival and genesis, and the regulation of intestinal motility; affect the integrity and permeability of the intestinal mucosal barrier; respond to intestinal inflammation; and influence the function of intestinal neuroimmunological regulation.
Phytochemical composition, acute toxicity, hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effects of ethanol extract of Allium sativum (garlic) bulb in male Wistar rats

Allium sativum (garlic) has been used in traditional medicine in Nigeria in the treatment of various ailments such as cold, cough, and microbial infections; and there have been various claims about its pharmacological activities including anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic, antioxidant, antidiabetic, and anticancer properties. However, there are insufficient data to back up these claims. It is against this backdrop, this study evaluated the phytochemical composition, acute toxicity, hypoglycaemic and hypolipidemic potentials of ethanol extract of A. sativum bulb in male Wistar rats in order to validate its therapeutic use as hypoglycaemic and hypolipidemic agent. Twenty adult male Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups of five rats each where group 1 (control) received normal saline while group 2-4 received the extract at the doses of 200, 400, and 1000mg/kg b.w respectively for fourteen days. T-test and one-way ANOVA were used to test for significant (p<0.05) differences among the groups. Qualitative and quantitative phytochemical screening of the extract indicated the presence of flavonoids (17.59±0.01), saponins (13.55±0.01), alkaloids (2.06±0.06), tannins (0.04±0.00), phenols (0.01±0.00), phlobatanin, phytosterols and terpenoids whereas steroids, anthraquinones and glycosides were not detected. The administration of the extract produced a significant (P<0.05) decrease in the blood glucose concentration in the treatment groups compared to the control group, whereas a significant (P<0.05) decrease was observed in the total cholesterol concentration of group 4 only relative to the control. Furthermore, there was a significant (P<0.05) increase in the HDL concentrations and a significant (P<0.05) decrease in the triglycerides and LDL concentrations respectively in all treatment groups compared to the control group. From these findings therefore, we conclude that A. sativum offers both hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effects in male Wistar rats.
Inhibition gates supralinear Ca<sup>2+</sup> signaling in purkinje cell dendrites during practiced movements

Motor learning involves neural circuit modifications in the cerebellar cortex, likely through re-weighting of parallel fiber inputs onto Purkinje cells (PCs). Climbing fibers instruct these synaptic modifications when they excite PCs in conjunction with parallel fiber activity, a pairing that enhances climbing fiber-evoked Ca 2+ signaling in PC dendrites. In vivo, climbing fibers spike continuously, including during movements when parallel fibers are simultaneously conveying sensorimotor information to PCs. Whether parallel fiber activity enhances climbing fiber Ca 2+ signaling during motor behaviors is unknown. In mice, we found that inhibitory molecular layer interneurons (MLIs), activated by parallel fibers during practiced movements, suppressed parallel fiber enhancement of climbing fiber Ca 2+ signaling in PCs. Similar results were obtained in acute slices for brief parallel fiber stimuli. Interestingly, more prolonged parallel fiber excitation revealed latent supralinear Ca 2+ signaling. Therefore, the balance of parallel fiber and MLI input onto PCs regulates concomitant climbing fiber Ca 2+ signaling. DOI: https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.36246. 001
Addition of Sofosbuvir to the Standard Pegylated Interferon-Ribavirin Therapy in Treatment-naive & - experienced Patients with Chronic Hepatitis C Infection

: Background and study aim : Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a major cause of liver diseases including chronic hepatitis‚ liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Egypt has the highest worldwide prevalence of HCV with more than 90% of HCV isolates are genotype 4 variants. To avoid progression of the disease and its complications, antiviral treatment is needed . Genotype-1 infected patients achieved a SVR ranging from 41-52% after 48 weeks of peginterferon-ribavirin with slight higher rates in genotype 4. This study was designed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of adding sofosbuvir to this standard combination therapy in naive patients with chronic hepatitis c and those previously experienced. Patients and methods : Ninety patients with chronic hepatitis c were included in this study. Forty five patients were treatment-naïve while the other 45 patients was failed previous course of pegylated IFN and ribavirin. All patients were evaluated by history, clinical examination, imaging and laboratory investigations. Sofosbuvir was added to the standard combination therapy. Side effects during therapy were observed in patients of both groups to assess safety. Real time quantitative PCR was repeated after 12 weeks from the end of treatment to evaluate sustained virological response (SVR) of patients in both groups to assess efficacy. Results : The overall SVR in all patients was 72.2%. It was achieved in (35/45) patients in the treatment-naïve group (77.8%) while in the experienced one, it was achieved in (30/45) patients (66.7%) with non-significant difference between both groups (p=0.239). In the treatment-experienced group, patients with breakthrough on old regimen (27/45) patients achieved SVR in a significantly lower rate than those in patients with history of relapse (51.9% vs 88.9 % respectively) (p=0.010). The main side effects developed were headache (84.4 & 55.6%), fever (64.4 & 51.1%), bone aches (57.8 & 40%) and asthenia (53.3 & 37.8%) in naïve and experienced groups respectively. headache was significantly more frequent in the treatment-naïve group (p=0.003). Conclusion : Adding sofosbuvir to standard combination therapy (peginterferon-ribavirin) is associated with increased SVR in both treatment-naïve and those experienced with high safety profile in both groups.
Identi ﬁ cation of ATF3 as a novel protective signature of quiescent colorectal tumor cells

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer and the second leading cause of death in the world. In most cases, drug resistance and tumor recurrence are ultimately inevitable. One obstacle is the presence of chemotherapy-insensitive quiescent cancer cells (QCCs). Identi ﬁ cation of unique features of QCCs may facilitate the development of new targeted therapeutic strategies to eliminate tumor cells and thereby delay tumor recurrence. Here, using single-cell RNA sequencing, we classi ﬁ ed proliferating and quiescent cancer cell populations in the human colorectal cancer spheroid model and identi ﬁ ed ATF3 as a novel signature of QCCs that could support cells living in a metabolically restricted microenvironment. RNA velocity further showed a shift from the QCC group to the PCC group indicating the regenerative capacity of the QCCs. Our further results of epigenetic analysis, STING analysis, and evaluation of TCGA COAD datasets build a conclusion that ATF3 can interact with DDIT4 and TRIB3 at the transcriptional level. In addition, decreasing the expression level of ATF3 could enhance the ef ﬁ cacy of 5-FU on CRC MCTS models. In conclusion, ATF3 was identi ﬁ ed as a novel marker of QCCs, and combining conventional drugs targeting PCCs with an option to target QCCs by reducing ATF3 expression levels may be a promising strategy for more ef ﬁ cient removal of tumor cells. Cell
How Much Do We Pay Attention? A Comparative Study of User Gaze and Synthetic Vision during Navigation

Data-driven saliency models have proved to accurately infer human visual attention on real images. Reusing such pre-trained models in video games holds significant potential to optimize game design and storytelling. However, the relevance of transferring saliency models trained on real static images to dynamic 3D animated scenes with stylized rendering and animated characters remains to be shown. In this work, we address this question by conducting a user study that quantitatively compares visual attention obtained through gaze recording with the prediction of a pre-trained static saliency model in a 3D animated game environment. Our results indicate that the tested model was able to accurately approximate human visual attention in such conditions.