Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Metagenomic Strain-Typing Combined with Isolate Sequencing Provides Increased Resolution of the Genetic Diversity of Campylobacter jejuni Carriage in Wild Birds

As the world’s leading cause of human gastro-enteritis, the food- and waterborne pathogen Campylobacter needs to be intensively monitored through a One Health approach. Particularly, wild birds have been hypothesized to contribute to the spread of human clinical recurring C. jejuni genotypes across several countries. A major concern in studying epidemiological dynamics is resolving the large genomic diversity of strains circulating in the environment and various reservoirs, challenging to achieve with isolation techniques. Here, we applied a passive-filtration method to obtain isolates and in parallel recovered genotypes from metagenomic sequencing data from associated filter sweeps. For genotyping mixed strains, a reference-based computational workflow to predict allelic profiles of nine extended-MLST loci was utilized. We validated the pipeline by sequencing artificial mixtures of C. jejuni strains and observed the highest prediction accuracy when including obtained isolates as references. By analyzing metagenomic samples, we were able to detect over 20% additional genetic diversity and observed an over 50% increase in the potential to connect genotypes across wild-bird samples. With an optimized filtration method and a computational approach for genotyping strain mixtures, we provide the foundation for future studies assessing C. jejuni diversity in environmental and clinical settings at improved throughput and resolution.
A Self-Supervised Learning-Based Channel Estimation for IRS-Aided Communication Without Ground Truth

Deep learning (DL) is an emerging paradigm for accurate channel estimation for intelligent reflecting surface (IRS)-aided wireless communication systems. It has been proven to be a promising way to achieve better channel estimation performance for the IRS-aided wireless communication system than traditional methods (e.g., least-square algorithm). However, existing DL-based methods rely on ground truth (labels of the true channels) which is difficult to obtain in real networks. In this paper, we propose a self-supervised learning (SSL) method for the IRS channel estimation problem. No ground truth channel is needed in the training, while a simple and novel self-supervised denoising formula without a clean reference signal is presented. Particularly, in the training phase, the self-supervised signal and the input are the received signal vector and its noisy version, respectively. While in the inference phase the input is the estimated channel by using the least-square method and the output is the refined channel estimation. That is, our neural network-based channel estimation algorithm is not reciprocal for training and testing. We demonstrate that the proposed SSL solution has good convergence performance and generalization ability through numerical simulations. Interestingly, we find a “double descent” phenomenon in the learning curve during the test phase, i.e., when we gradually increase the number of training epochs, the performance first gets better, then becomes worse, and further gets better again. Besides, we propose to analyze SSL using the loss landscape and centered kernel alignment method. The results show that the self-supervised model has a similar loss landscape and representational similarity to the supervised model. We explored the effects of different signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs), different neural network sizes, and different training data volumes on our algorithm through numerical simulations. Extensive numerical simulation results show that our SSL algorithm is still competitive without ground truth. We also show that the developed scheme exhibits robustness to SNR ratio mismatch.
Linear shape oscillations and polymeric time scales of viscoelastic drops

Abstract We study small-amplitude axisymmetric shape oscillations of viscoelastic drops in a gas. The Jeffreys model is used as the rheological constitutive equation of the liquid, which represents a liquid with a frequency-dependent dynamic viscosity. The analysis of the time-dependent deformations caused by the oscillations yields the characteristic equation for the complex frequency, which describes the oscillation frequency and damping rate dependence on the viscous liquid behaviour and the stress relaxation and deformation retardation time scales ${\lambda }_{1} $ and ${\lambda }_{2} $ involved in the viscoelastic material law. The aim of this study is to quantify the influences of the two time scales on the oscillation behaviour of the drop and to propose an experimental method to determine one of the time scales by measuring damped oscillations of a drop. A proof-of-concept experiment is presented to show the potential and limitations of the method. Results show that values of ${\lambda }_{2} / {\lambda }_{1} $ from these measurements are orders of magnitude smaller than typical values used in simulations of viscoelastic flows.
Industrial Role Optimization in Regional Development through Corporate Social Responsibility

Sustainable development is a complex problem that demands a partnership to create synergy from government and the industrial sector. This partnership is created through corporate social responsibility (CSR) program with the sustainable development principle. East Java, one of the provinces in Indonesia, has developed CSR forums in the regencies/cities to synergize the company’s CSR programs with the regional development programs. This study aims to minutely examine how the industrial world optimally performs its role in regional development with its social responsibility. This research used the content analysis method, while the respondents were 18 CSR Forums out of regencies/cities in East Java, and companies incorporated in those forums. The results showed that most of the companies had carried out their social responsibilities with variations in their numbers and activities. A report said that three trillion rupiah were granted for the CSR fund. It was a significant amount compared to the 30 trillion development budgets of East Java in 2018. The implementation of CSR tends to be charity, instead of be directed and arranged into continuous and sustainable programs. The CSR Forums are to perform a proactive synergy between companies and the government. However, due to various limitations and constraints of each region, this has not reached its optimal level. Ongoing efforts are needed to establish government and industry harmonization with the intention that the existing CSR funds unquestionably become one of the regional development reinforcements. Keywords: Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR), CSR Forum, Regional Development
A Characterization of the Extended Best φ-Approximation Operator

Given an non necessarily linear operator T defined from an Orlicz space L φ′(Ω, 𝒜, μ) into itself, where φ′ denote the derivative of a strictly convex function φ, we give necessary and sufficient conditions on T assuring that this operator is an extended best φ-approximation operator given a suitable σ-lattice ℒ ⊆ 𝒜.
Effects of Plyometric Training with Resistance Bands on Neuromuscular Characteristics in Junior Tennis Players

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of 6 weeks (conducted twice per week for a total of 12 sessions) of plyometric training with resistance bands on different neuromuscular characteristics among the sample of junior tennis players. Thirty junior tennis players between the ages of 12 and 14 years (age 13.5 ± 1.8 years; weight 51.3 ± 12.5 kg; height 162.7 ± 12.6 cm) were allocated to either the control group (standard in-season regimen) (CG; n = 15) or the experimental group, which received additional plyometric training with resistance bands (TG; n = 15). Pre- and post-tests included: anthropometric measures; 20 m sprint time (with 5, 10, and 20 m splits), squat jump (SQ Jump); vertical countermovement jump (CMJ); vertical countermovement jump with arm swing (CMJ_free arms); single leg (left) countermovement jump (CMJ_L); single leg (right) countermovement jump (CMJ_R); standing long jump (L_Jump); single leg (left) triple jump (SLTH-L); single leg (right) triple jump (SLTH-R); generic change of direction speed (CODS) (20Y test and T-test); reactive agility test (WS-S). After the training intervention, the TG showed significant (“p < 0.05”) improvements in CMJ (F = 7.90, p = 0.01), CMJ_L (F = 5.30, p = 0.03), CMJ_R (F = 11.45, p = 0.00), and SLTH-L (F = 4.49, p = 0.04) tests. No significant changes were observed in the CG after the training intervention. Our findings provide useful information for coaches to create a wide range of tennis-specific situations to develop a proper performance, especially for their player’s neuromuscular fitness.
A complete 3D particle tracking algorithm and its applications to the indoor airflow study

While most research on particle tracking velocimetry (PTV) is devoted either to 2D flows or to small-scale 3D flows, this paper describes a complete 3D PTV algorithm and some applications to indoor airflow velocity measurements. A particle detection procedure especially adapted to the physical characteristics of neutrally buoyant helium-filled soap bubbles is described. To recover longer trajectories, a temporal tracking algorithm is used based on polynomial regression and including a cross-gap and a forward–backward strategy. In order to increase the measurement area and the number of trajectories, the correspondence problem is addressed by a new procedure involving fundamental matrices from both a three and a two-camera arrangement. 3D reconstruction is done by a least-squares method. Some guidelines are given in terms of camera and light positioning for 3D PTV in large volumes. Applications of the algorithm include Lagrangian tracking in (i) a 3.1 m × 3.1 m × 2.5 m light-gray walled test-room; (ii) a 5.5 m × 3.7 m × 2.4 m black walled test-room; (iii) over a heat source; (iv) inside an experimental aircraft cabin. Results show that the algorithm is capable of tracking more than 1400 tracers in volumes up to 3 m × 3 m × 1.2 m.
Evaluation of geometric conservation law using pressure‐based fluid solver and moving grid technique

The geometric conservation law (GCL) is an important concept for moving grid techniques because it directly regulates the treatments of the fluid flow and grid movement. With the grid movement at every time instant, the Jacobian, associated with the volume of each element in curvilinear co‐ordinates, needs to be updated in a conservative manner. In this study, alternative GCL schemes for evaluating the Jacobian have been investigated in the context of a pressure‐based Navier‐Stokes solver, utilizing moving grid and the first‐order implicit time stepping procedure as well as the PISO scheme. GCL‐based on first and second‐order, implicit as well as time‐averaged, time integration schemes were considered. Accuracy and conservative properties were tested on steady‐state, laminar flow inside a 2D channel and time dependent, turbulent flow around a 3D elastic wing; both treated with moving grid techniques. It seems that the formal order of accuracy is not a decisive indicator. Instead, the speed of grid movement and the interplay between the flow solver and the GCL treatments make a more noticeable impact.
A global theorem for singularities of maps between oriented 2-manifolds

Let M and N be smooth compact oriented connected 2-manifolds. Suppose/: M-*N is smooth and every pointp € M is either a fold point, cusp point, or regular point of / i.e., / is excellent in the sense of Whitney. Let M + be the closure of the set of regular points at which / preserves orientation and M the closure of the set of regular points at which / reverses orientation. Let />„ . , p„ be the cusp points and ¡i(pk) the local degree at the cusp pointy. We prove the following: X(M) IxfM) + 2 p(pk) (deg/)X(AO where x is the Euler characteristic and deg is the topological degree. We show that it is a generalization of the Riemann-Hurwitz formula of complex analysis and give some examples. Proof of the theorem. Let C°°(A/, N) be the set of smooth maps from M to N topologized in the usual fashion, where two functions are close if all of their derivatives are close. Let/ G CM(M, N). We sayp is a regular point off if we can find local coordinates (x,y) nearp and (w, v) near f(p) withp and f(p) having coordinates (0, 0) such that/is given by u = x, v =* y. Sayp is a fold point if the equations can be put in the form u = x, v = y2. Sayp is a cusp point if the equations can be put in the form u = x, v = y3 — xy. It is well known for these dimensions that these three types of local maps are the only stable types and that the stable types are dense. (See Whitney [17] or Callahan [2].) Say/is excellent if every pointp G M is one of the above types for/. In the following discussion, we will assume that/ is excellent and that the images of the cusp points are distinct. We will find it convenient to use a different form for the equation at a cusp point. Let x = 3/2 + s,y = t. This clearly defines aC°° homeomorphism and the cusp equation becomes u — 3t2 + s, v = -2r3 st. The general fold is now along the / axis. If we want the ordered pairs of vectors (3/3i, 3/3/) and (3/3m, 3/3t? ) to be positively oriented in the tangent spaces TM and TN Presented to the Society, November, 6, 1976; received by the editors May 18, 1976 and, in revised form, August 22, 1976. AMS (MOS) subject classifications (1970). Primary 57D35, 57D45, 58C25; Secondary 57D25, 30A90.
The contribution of interaural intensity differences to the horizontal auditory localization of narrow bands of noise

Brief noise bursts (340‐ms, 20‐ms rise/fall times) consisting of third‐octave bands of noise (center frequencies 0.5, 1, 2, and 4 kHz) and bandpass noises with different degrees of low‐frequency content (0.5–4, 1–4, and 2–4 kHz) were recorded binaurally from 17 different locations (90 deg on the left to 90 deg on the right in 11.25‐deg steps) at the ears of KEMAR in an anechoic room and a reverberant room. The recorded sounds were processed by attenuating or removing interaural intensity differences (IIDs) and presented to five normally hearing subjects through insert transducers (ER‐3A) in a sound‐source identification task. The effect on localization accuracy of reducing IIDs by half was not significant. However, reducing IIDs to zero resulted in degraded localization accuracy for noise bands that contained energy above 1000 Hz. The results were similar for signals recorded in a reverberant room as for those recorded in an anechoic room. Results will be discussed with respect to the relative contributio.
Status of the Newborn Hearing Screening in the 4-Months Age National Infant Health Checkup in Korea: A Nationwide Population-Based Study

Background The aims of this study are to review data on 4-months age National Health Screening Program for Infants and Children (NHSPIC) using a National Health Insurance Service (NHIS) database, and to analyze the newborn hearing screening (NHS) results and related characteristics of the 4-months NHSPIC for 7 years in South Korea. Methods We analyzed a NHIS database of infants who had participated in the 4-month age NHSPIC from 2010 to 2016. According to the results of hearing questionnaires and physical examination, we analyzed the outcomes of NHS and related infantile and socioeconomic factors. Results Among 3,128,924 of total eligible infants in Korea between the year 2010 and 2016, 69.2% (2,164,621 infants) conducted 4-months age NHSPIC, and 94.4% (2,042,577 infants) of which performed hearing questionnaires regarding NHS. Among the total hearing examinees, premature infants accounted for 3.6%, infants who were hospitalized in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) for more than 5 days accounted for 5.6%, and infants with head and neck abnormalities were 0.6%. The NHS performing rate was 79.1% for total hearing examinees in 2010, but gradually increased to 88.9% in 2016. The NHS performing rate in 2016 was 93.4% for premature infants, 91.7% for NICU hospitalized babies. The mean referral rate was 0.6% for total hearing examinees, 1.4% for premature infants, and 2.3% for NICU hospitalized babies. When we analyzed the NHS performing rate and the referral rate according to the household income level, the NHS performing rate of infants in Medical Aid programs was the lowest as 65.6%, and the NHS performing rates in other five levels of NHIS was higher ranging between 85.1% to 86.0%. The referral rate of infants in the Medical Aid program (3.8%) was significantly higher than those of infants in other classes (1.10–1.25%). Conclusion The estimated overall NHS performing rate in Korea gradually increased and was 88.9% in 2016. The overall referral rate was low as 0.6%, and it was significantly different depending on the infant’s health condition and household income levels. We assume that our finding would help to establish policies managing hearing impaired children, and to develop the customized hearing care service programs considering the household economic levels.
Mechanically robust and electrically conductive carbon nanotube foams

We describe the fabrication of ultralow-density carbon nanotube (CNT) foams that simultaneously exhibit high electrical conductivities and robust mechanical properties. Our approach utilizes carbon nanoparticles as a binder to crosslink randomly oriented bundles of single-walled CNTs. The resulting CNT foams are the stiffest low-density nanoporous solids reported and exhibit elastic behavior up to strains as large as ∼80%. The use of the carbon binder also allows bulk electrical conductivity to be maintained at low densities.
Recherches axiomatiques sur la théorie des fonctions surharmoniques et du potentiel

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The Relation between Corruption and Economy in OECD Countries: A Moderating Role of Tax Revenue

This research study's goal is to examine how tax income influences the relationship between corruption and the economy in OECD countries. OECD countries 35 panel data from the years 1996 to 2021 have been used for this purpose. Economic growth is used as the dependent variable, corruption and tax revenue as the independent variables, and education, foreign direct investment (FDI), inflation, and governance as the control factors. First, we used the cross-sectional dependence CD test to check whether the cross-correlations of the errors are zero. Next, Panel unit-root test is used to check whether the data are stationary. Hausman test is used test to check whether endogenous regressors (predictor variables) are present in the regression model. Finally, Panel ARDL (PMG) techniques used for short-run and long-run analysis of variables. Similarly, the Baron and Kenny estimating process has been used to assess the direct and indirect link between these variables to discover the mediating influence between corruption, tax revenue, and economic growth. According to the panel ARDL (PMG) analysis's findings, economic growth is long-term positively impact by corruption, tax revenue, education, FDI, and governance. While inflation and political unrest have a negative and considerable impact on economic growth. The study's main finding is that tax revenue and corruption have a positive and substantial relationship with economic growth. The principal-Agent theory aids in understanding both governmental structure and the effects of corruption. The mediation analysis's conclusion is that corruption not only directly affects economic growth, but also indirectly. The study provides policymakers with comprehensive knowledge that decreasing corruption results in higher tax receipts and economic growth.
CCD photometry of the Uranian satellites

Broadband V and R CCD observations of the Uranian satellite system have been obtained over the full range of solar phase angles observable from Earth. These first visual observations of the phase curves of Miranda, Ariel, and Umbriel show that Ariel and Miranda exhibit the large opposition surges previously seen on the two outer Uranian satellites. Umbriel, however, lacks an appreciable opposition surge; its surface is either extremely compact or consists of small particles which lack a backscattered component. The tenuous structure of the other satellites is most likely due to the effects of eons of meteoritic gardening
Gram-Positive Bacteria Cell Wall Peptidoglycan Polymers Activate Human Dendritic Cells to Produce IL-23 and IL-1β and Promote TH17 Cell Differentiation

Gram-positive bacterial infections are a major cause of organ failure and mortality in sepsis. Cell wall peptidoglycan (PGN) is shed during bacterial replication, and Bacillus anthracis PGN promotes a sepsis-like pathology in baboons. Herein, we determined the ability of polymeric Bacillus anthracis PGN free from TLR ligands to shape human dendritic cell (DC) responses that are important for the initiation of T cell immunity. Monocyte-derived DCs from healthy donors were incubated with PGN polymers isolated from Bacillus anthracis and Staphylococcus aureus. PGN activated the human DCs, as judged by the increased expression of surface HLA-DR, CD83, the T cell costimulatory molecules CD40 and CD86, and the chemokine receptor CCR7. PGN elicited the DC production of IL-23, IL-6, and IL-1β but not IL-12p70. The PGN-stimulated DCs induced the differentiation of naïve allogeneic CD4+ T cells into T helper (TH) cells producing IL-17 and IL-21. Notably, the DCs from a subset of donors did not produce significant levels of IL-23 and IL-1β upon PGN stimulation, suggesting that common polymorphisms in immune response genes regulate the PGN response. In sum, purified PGN is a highly stimulatory cell wall component that activates human DCs to secrete proinflammatory cytokines and promote the differentiation of TH17 cells that are important for neutrophil recruitment in extracellular bacterial infections.
Band offsets of lattice-matched semiconductor heterojunctions through hybrid functionals and G 0 W 0

To assess the accuracy of hybrid functional and many-body GW methods, we study the band offsets for a set of lattice-matched semiconductor heterojunctions, including AlAs/GaAs(100), AlP/GaP(100), Si/GaP(110), Ge/GaAs(110), Ge/AlAs(110), Ge/ZnSe(110), and ZnSe/GaAs(110). The band-edge positions are first obtained for the bulk semiconductors and then aligned through the lineup of a local reference potential at the interface. The band-edge positions critically depend on the electronic-structure method, while the interface dipole is already well accounted for with semilocal density functionals. The two advanced electronic-structure schemes yield consistent valence-band offsets in close agreement with experiment, slightly improving upon semilocal functionals. At variance, conduction-band offsets are subject to larger deviations and improve with the accuracy of the calculated band gaps. In case one is willing to take band gaps from experiment, the best description of the band alignment for the present heterojunctions is achieved by relying on the calculated valence band offsets rather than on hybrid functionals in which the exchange mixing parameter is adjusted.
Differential Equations for Fq-Linear Functions☆

Abstract We study certain classes of equations for F q -linear functions which are the natural function field counterparts of linear ordinary differential equations. It is shown that, in contrast to both classical and p -adic cases, formal power series solutions have positive radii of convergence near a singular point of an equation. Algebraic properties of the ring of F q -linear differential operators are also studied.