Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Analysis of the Resonant Characteristics of a Tonpilz Transducer with a Fixed Tail Mass by the Equivalent Circuit Approach

In this paper, the resonant characteristic of a Tonpilz transducer with a fixed tail mass has been studied by means of an equivalent circuit approach. An equivalent circuit has been designed to describe the characteristic of a Tonpilz transducer that has an additional resonance because of its fixed tail mass. The transmitting voltage response of the transducer calculated by the designed circuit has been compared with that by the FEA (finite element analysis) to confirm the validity of the circuit. This equivalent circuit approach produces identical results with the FEA, in which the variation of resonant frequencies and TVR has been clearly figured out in relation to the stiffness of the mounting fixture and the mass of the tail mass. The suggested equivalent circuit can be utilized to figure out the characteristics of the Tonpilz transducer more efficiently than FEA that requires much calculation time and revision of the models in accordance with the variation of design variables.
Mode transitions between bound and leaky regimes in lossy dielectric waveguides: a numerical investigation

The authors present a novel numerical study of mode transitions between bound and leaky regimes in a lossy-substrate dielectric rib waveguide. An entire-domain basis Galerkin's method is employed to determine the wavenumbers of the transmission line modes. The obtained results show that as the loss tangent gradually increases from zero to infinity, the plots of the attenuation constants alter between regions of constant and linear variation. In the progress of this behavior the modes evolve from leaky to bound state, or the inverse, and their corresponding poles in the spectral plane cross the real axis.
Classification-learning-based framework for predicting railway track irregularities

Railway track irregularities are key factors that affect the safety of trains and the comfort of passengers. In this study, a railway track is separated into consecutive track maintenance units, which are used as research objects. We propose a novel framework, which is referred to as the tree-augmented naïve Bayes-track quality index (TAN-TQI), to identify possible underlying patterns or rules for predicting track irregularities based on the characteristic deterioration of track maintenance units. The prediction framework is validated using track irregularity data measured using track geometry cars. Our evaluation shows that the prediction performance of the TAN-TQI framework is better than that of the state-of-the-art method, the short-range prediction method for track quality index.
Earthquakes Triggered by Fluid Diffusion and Boosted by Fault Reactivation in Weiyuan, China Due to Hydraulic Fracturing

Hydraulic fracturing has induced small‐to‐moderate‐size earthquakes around the world. Identifying spatio‐temporal evolution of microseismicity is important for understanding the physical processes that control hydraulic fracturing‐induced seismicity. In this study, we build an enhanced earthquake catalog from continuous seismic data recorded by 1‐year temporary deployment with an automatic procedure and relocate 18,663 earthquakes in the Weiyuan shale gas block in the southern Sichuan Basin, China. Our catalog, with a maximum ML of 3.5, has a completeness magnitude (Mc) of 0.4, which is ∼23 times more events than listed in the standard National Earthquake Data Center (NEDC) of China. Most earthquakes are clustered near hydraulic fracturing wells and delineate many pre‐existing faults in the north‐south direction. The space‐time evolution of microearthquakes indicates fluid diffusion processes as the primary drivers for seismicity in this region. The fast earthquake migration patterns show that permeability within a fault zone could be affected by fault‐valve behaviors and enhanced by earthquake rupture process. We find that the Gutenberg‐Richter b‐values increase systematically with depth, and b‐values further away from hydraulic fracturing pads are generally low, especially for three strands with relatively high migration velocities. Our results confirm that earthquake clusters in Weiyuan are induced by hydraulic fracturing and the reactivated faults act as conduit networks for fluid flow, which promote triggering of earthquakes further away from the hydraulic fracturing pad. This study provides additional evidence for hydraulic fracturing‐induced earthquake in the southern Sichuan Basin and advances our understanding of injection induced earthquakes.
Evaluation of base transit time in ultra-thin carbon-doped base InP/lnGaAs heterojunction bipolar transistors

Electron transit times in the carbon-doped base of InP/InGaAs heterojunction bipolar transistors (HBTs) are investigated from the current gains. The base layers were heavily doped to 2.5/spl times/10/sup 19/ cm/sup -3/ and the thicknesses W/sub B/ were varied from 50 to 1300 /spl Aring/. The estimated base transit time /spl tau//sub B/ shows linear dependence on W/sub B/ when W/sub B/ is smaller than 150 /spl Aring/, whereas it has quadratic dependence on W/sub B/ above this value. The linear behaviour of /spl tau//sub B/ on W/sub B/ is evidence of dominant ballistic electron transport in the ultra-thin base layer of InP/InGaAs HBTs.
Application of Level-of-Service Methods for Evaluation of Operations at Pedestrian Facilities

Several methods for assessment of the quality of operations of pedestrian facilities on the basis of pedestrian level of service (LOS) have been proposed. Some of these methods use the principles of vehicular traffic to evaluate pedestrian traffic operations. Other methods are more concerned with the facility design and walking environment than with the actual pedestrian flows. To draw a complete picture of LOS determination methods for pedestrian facilities, it is necessary to review, compare, and contrast the various methods in the literature that assess quality of service for pedestrian facilities. This paper compares some of the more common and widely accepted methods for determination of the pedestrian LOS at sidewalks. These include the Highway Capacity Manual 2000 method, the Australian method, the Trip Quality method, the Landis model, and the conjoint analysis approach. After the methods and their associated measured criteria are described, a total of 13 sidewalks at two study sites were evaluated. The study sites are located in the downtown area of Birmingham, Alabama, and represent pedestrian operations at urban sidewalks. The comparison provides useful information on the consistency of the outcomes from the various methods and identifies needs for modifications and improvements. This is particularly useful in determining possible improvements to the existing Highway Capacity Manual 2000 method in the upcoming version of the Highway Capacity Manual.
Sistem Informasi Pengelolaan Dana Desa Pada Desa Hilizoliga Berbasis Web

Sistem yang dibangun adalah sebuah sistem yang membahas tentang Sistem Informasi pengelolaan Dana Desa pada Desa Hilizoliga dengan menggunakan bahasa pemrograman PHP dan Database menggunakan MySQL, dimana sistem yang sudah dibangun, pihak aparat desa Hilizoliga akan lebih mudah memproses mengelola dana desa serta alokasi dana desa sehingga lebih cepat, tepat guna, efektif, efesien dan transparant. Sistem ini dapat menangani proses pengisian data, perubahan data, penghapusan data, pencarian data dan laporan data uang serta memberikan informasi pengelolaan dana desa di desa Hilizoliga Kata Kunci : Sistem Informasi, Pengelolan Dana Desa, PHP, MySQL
An improved inverter output filter configuration reduces common and differential modes dv/dt at the motor terminals in PWM drive systems

In this paper, an improved inverter output filter is proposed for pulsewidth-modulated (PWM) drive systems. The proposed filter is shown to effectively reduce both the differential and common modes dv/dt at the motor terminals, even in the presence of long motor leads. Reducing differential mode dv/dt reduces overvoltages at the motor terminals and lowers the stress on the motor insulation. Lowering common mode dv/dt is shown to significantly reduce high-frequency leakage currents to ground and induced shaft voltage in the motor. An important advantage of the approach is that the filter can be installed within the inverter enclosure to achieve both the differential and common modes dv/dt reductions at the motor terminals. Thus, the use of the filter can contribute to enhanced bearing life and improve reliability of PWM drive systems. Analysis, design equations, and experimental results on a 480-V 20-hp PWM drive system are presented. The filter configuration is an excellent candidate for many new and retrofit PWM 480-V/575-V drive systems.
Assessment of Direct Seeded and Transplanting Methods of Rice Cultivars in the Western Part of Uttar Pradesh

A split plot design experiment based with three replications was conducted to compare differences between direct seeded rice and transplanting methods. Different cultivation methods were transplanting in wet lands, DSR:dry seeding (sowing dry seeds into dry soil),wet seeding (sowing pre-germinated seeds on wet puddle soils) and water seeding (seeds sown into standing water) in the main plots and different cultivars were "Pusa Basmati-1","Pusa Sugendha-4","Pusa Sugendha5",and"Vallabh 22" in the sub-plots during 2010 to 2012.According to analysis of variance, the effects of cultivars on all yield components (panicle/m 2 ,seed/panicle, and 1000grain weight),plant height, panicle length, and total tiller were significant, while the effect of cultivation method was significant on the rest of the traits except for grain weight. The largest and least number of seed/panicle was obtained under interaction effect of transplanting method of "Vallabh-22" and direct seeded method as distribution of "Pusa Sugendha-5", respectively. Plant height in wide raised Beds method of "Pusa Sugendha-5"and transplanting method of"Vallabh-22" appeared to be the highest and lowest, respectively. The largest and least number of tillers and fertile tillers were obtained in direct seeded method of "Pusa Basmati-1" and transplanting method of "Pusa Sugendta-4", respectively. The yield across different varieties was not significant, while different cultivation methods were significant. The most and least yield was seen in transplanting and direct seeded methods, respectively. Yield amount was significant between transplanting and dry seeding methods, but because of 20 to 30% reduction in production cost due to the omission of seedling and transplanting operations, as well as reduction in the length of crop cultivation period in direct seeded method that caused conserved water and energy, a little reduction in direct seeded method will be compensating. Thus, direct seeded method as dry seeding is introduced as an economical method for rice production in this area and “Vallabh-22" has the better compatibility to this method than other varieties.
Development of a Coupled Air and Particle Thermal Model for Engine Icing Test Facilities

• Air and water vapor are treated as ideal gases• Air is continually well mixed• No supersaturation• 1-D air and particle flow• Dilute system (no particle interaction)• Particles are spherical• Discrete particle size distribution (bins)• Uniform temperature within the particle• Supercoolingcan occur • Mixed phase particles are not spatially resolved• Phase change occurs at particle surface at particle temperature• Adiabatic tunnel walls• The flow of particles and air is a continuous stream• The fundamental CV is adiabatic and mass is conserved
A Multi-Parameter Multi-Objective Approach to Reduce Pump Noise Generation

Abstract Noise emission from axial piston machines has been studied for several decades by many researchers and pump manufacturers. Different design methods for reducing the sources of pump noise have been proposed and are in use. The authors have studied and compared the effectiveness of several passive design methods. This paper presents a short overview of the existing design methods. The challenges in reducing both fluid borne noise sources (FBNS) and structure borne noise sources (SBNS) in a unified way are discussed. A computer aided multi-objective optimization procedure, which helps minimize the pump noise sources in a broad operating range, has been proposed by the authors. The optimization procedure is described in detail along with the mathematical model of the pump in this paper. An important contribution of the multi-objective parameterized approach is that the compression and the expansion region of the valve plate are simultaneously optimized unlike most previous works which consider compression and expansion separately. The parameterization of the valve plate is also explained. A case study and noise level measurements to prove the effectiveness of the optimization procedure are included.
A “White-Space” Effect in Users’ Anticipation of the Challenges Involved in Using Everyday Products

Although the use of prospective workload judgments (i.e., judgments obtained from users prior to any actual interaction with a product) may be appealing for a variety of logistical reasons, a growing literature highlights the biases and metacognitive misconceptions that sometimes lead such judgments to be far from what is found in post-performance evaluations. The current study uses the NASA Task Load Index (NASA-TLX) in a prospective workload judgment task that employs two familiar stimulus sets from the human factors literature as to-be-rated designs: 1) control-burner arrangements on cooktops, and 2) control layouts for pointing tasks that vary in terms of Fitts’ Law parameters. Participants made reliable errors (compared to known performance outcomes) when judging both stimulus sets. In general, lower workload judgments were associated with designs that had greater intervening white space between controls and displays/targets.
Precision Motion Control of Linear Motor Drive Systems for Micro/Nano-Positioning

Micro and Nano-technologies need precision machines that can produce motion accuracy down to micro/nano-meter range. At the same time, these machines have to operate at high speeds to yield high productivity. Such an increasingly tight control performance requirement puts a significant challenge to control community and forces control engineers to look beyond traditional linear control theory for more advanced nonlinear controllers. This research is to present an advanced nonlinear adaptive robust control approach to achieve micro/nanometer level positioning accuracy for micro/nano-manipulation type applications. In addition, the proposed control strategy is implemented on a commercial linear motor drive system with a position measurement resolution of 20 nanometers by an external laser interferometer. Experimental results for both long-range high-speed/high-acceleration motions and short-range slow motions are presented to demonstrate the precision motion that can be achieved by the proposed method and various practical issues that remain to be solved. It is found that for motions with a maximum speed of 2 m/sec and maximum acceleration of 45 m/sec2 , the steady state position tracking error is within the linear encoder resolution of 0.5 μm when the system comes to a stop and within 5 μm during the 2 m/sec constant speed period. Furthermore, the maximal position tracking during the entire motion is mostly within 20μm. For slow motions with a maximal speed of only 0.0002m/sec, the steady state position tracking error with the external laser interferometer position measurement is mostly within 0.1 μm when the system comes to a stop and within 0.2 μm during the constant low speed period, and the maximal position tracking during the entire motion is within 2μm. Copyright © 2007 by ASME
Protective role of melatonin against adipose-hepatic metabolic comorbidities in experimentally induced obese rat model

Background Adipose and hepatic metabolic dysfunctions are critical comorbidities that also aggravate insulin resistance in obese individuals. Melatonin is a low-cost agent and previous studies suggest that its use may promote metabolic health. However, its effects on some comorbidities associated with obesity are unknown. Herein, we investigated the hypothesis that melatonin supplementation would attenuate adipose-hepatic metabolic dysfunction in high fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity in male Wistar rats. Materials and methods Twenty-four adult male Wistar rats (n = 6/group) were used: Control group received vehicle (normal saline), obese group received 40% high fat diet, melatonin-treated group received 4 mg/kg of melatonin, and obese plus melatonin group received 40% HFD and melatonin. The treatment lasted for 12 weeks. Results HFD caused increased food intake, body weight, insulin level, insulin resistance and plasma and liver lipid but decreased adipose lipid. In addition, HFD also increased plasma, adipose and liver malondialdehyde, IL-6, uric acid and decreased Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, glutathione, nitric oxide and circulating obestatin concentration. However, these deleterious effects except food intake were attenuated when supplemented with melatonin. Conclusion Taken together, the present results indicate that HFD exposure causes adipose-hepatic metabolic disturbance in obese animals, which are accompanied by oxidative stress and inflammation. In addition, the present results suggest that melatonin supplementation attenuates adipose-hepatic metabolic dysfunction, accompanying obesity by suppression of oxidative stress/inflammation-dependent mechanism and increasing circulating obestatin.
Behavioral aspects of nurse practitioners associated with optimal multiple sclerosis care in Spain

Background Nurse practitioners (NPs) play a critical role in the multidisciplinary management of patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). Neurologists´ behavioral characteristics have been associated with suboptimal clinical decisions. However, limited information is available on their impact among NPs involved in MS care. The aim of this study was to assess nurses´ therapeutic choices to understand behavioral factors influencing their decision making process. Methods A non-interventional, cross-sectional, web-based study was conducted. NPs actively involved in the care of patients with MS were invited to participate in the study by the Spanish Society of Neurology Nursing. Participants answered questions regarding their standard practice and therapeutic management of seven simulated relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS) case scenarios. A behavioral battery was used to measure participants´ life satisfaction, mood, positive social behaviors, feeling of helpfulness, attitudes toward adoption of evidence-based innovations, occupational burnout, and healthcare-related regret. The outcome of interest was therapeutic inertia (TI), defined as the lack of treatment escalation when there is clinical and radiological evidence of disease activity. A score to quantify TI was created based on the number of simulated scenarios where treatment intensification was warranted. Results Overall, 331 NPs were invited to participate, 130 initiated the study, and 96 (29%) completed the study. The mean age (SD) was 44.6 (9.8) years and 91.7% were female. Seventy-three participants (76.0%) felt their opinions had a significant influence on neurologists´ therapeutic decisions. Sixteen NPs (16.5%) showed severe emotional exhaustion related to work and 13 (13.5%) had depressive symptoms. The mean (SD) TI score was 0.97 (1.1). Fifty-six of NPs showed TI in at least one case scenario. Higher years of nursing experience (p = 0.014), feeling of helpfulness (p = 0.014), positive attitudes toward innovations (p = 0.046), and a higher intensity of care-related regret (p = 0.021) were associated with a lower risk of TI (adjusted R2 = 0.28). Burnout was associated with higher risk of TI (p = 0.001). Conclusions Although NPs cannot prescribe MS treatments in Spain, their behavioral characteristics may influence the management of patients with RRMS. Continuing education and specific strategies for reducing occupational burnout may lead to better management skills and improve MS care.
Simulations of axionlike particles in the postinflationary scenario

Ciaran A. J. O’Hare,1 Giovanni Pierobon,2, a Javier Redondo,3, 4 and Yvonne Y. Y. Wong2 School of Physics, The University of Sydney, and ARC Centre of Excellence for Dark Matter Particle Physics, NSW 2006, Australia School of Physics, The University of New South Wales, Sydney NSW 2052, Australia Departamento de Fisica Teorica, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain Max-Planck-Institut für Physik (Werner-Heisenberg-Institut), Föhringer Ring 6, 80805 München, Germany (Dated: March 31, 2022)
DR3: Value-Based Deep Reinforcement Learning Requires Explicit Regularization

Despite overparameterization, deep networks trained via supervised learning are easy to optimize and exhibit excellent generalization. One hypothesis to explain this is that overparameterized deep networks enjoy the benefits of implicit regularization induced by stochastic gradient descent, which favors parsimonious solutions that generalize well on test inputs. It is reasonable to surmise that deep reinforcement learning (RL) methods could also benefit from this effect. In this paper, we discuss how the implicit regularization effect of SGD seen in supervised learning could in fact be harmful in the offline deep RL setting, leading to poor generalization and degenerate feature representations. Our theoretical analysis shows that when existing models of implicit regularization are applied to temporal difference learning, the resulting derived regularizer favors degenerate solutions with excessive"aliasing", in stark contrast to the supervised learning case. We back up these findings empirically, showing that feature representations learned by a deep network value function trained via bootstrapping can indeed become degenerate, aliasing the representations for state-action pairs that appear on either side of the Bellman backup. To address this issue, we derive the form of this implicit regularizer and, inspired by this derivation, propose a simple and effective explicit regularizer, called DR3, that counteracts the undesirable effects of this implicit regularizer. When combined with existing offline RL methods, DR3 substantially improves performance and stability, alleviating unlearning in Atari 2600 games, D4RL domains and robotic manipulation from images.
Exploring Event-Driven Dynamic Context for Accident Scene Segmentation

The robustness of semantic segmentation on edge cases of traffic scene is a vital factor for the safety of intelligent transportation. However, most of the critical scenes of traffic accidents are extremely dynamic and previously unseen, which seriously harm the performance of semantic segmentation methods. In addition, the delay of the traditional camera during high-speed driving will further reduce the contextual information in the time dimension. Therefore, we propose to extract dynamic context from event-based data with a higher temporal resolution to enhance static RGB images, even for those from traffic accidents with motion blur, collisions, deformations, overturns, etc. Moreover, in order to evaluate the segmentation performance in traffic accidents, we provide a pixel-wise annotated accident dataset, namely DADA-seg, which contains a variety of critical scenarios from traffic accidents. Our experiments indicate that event-based data can provide complementary information to stabilize semantic segmentation under adverse conditions by preserving fine-grained motion of fast-moving foreground (crash objects) in accidents. Our approach achieves +8.2% performance gain on the proposed accident dataset, exceeding more than 20 state-of-the-art semantic segmentation methods. The proposal has been demonstrated to be consistently effective for models learned on multiple source databases including Cityscapes, KITTI-360, BDD, and ApolloScape.