Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Temperature-dependence of plasticity and fracture in an Al-Cu-Li alloy

ABSTRACT The microstructure of an Al-Cu-Li alloy sheet is characterised in the solution treated, underaged, and peak aged tempers. Its mechanical response under uniaxial tension is measured at , , and along , , and to the rolling direction. The anisotropic stress-strain curves are interpreted using a polycrystal plasticity model, which implements three hardening modes suggested by the microstructure, viz., matrix hardening, hardening due to isotropic precipitates, and hardening due to anisotropic precipitates. Phenomenological activation theory based analysis of the work hardening suggests that the physical mechanism underlying work hardening due to anisotropic precipitates remains constant over the temperature range studied, while the mechanism underlying matrix hardening varies strongly with temperature.
Cotton gin trash compost and rice hulls as growing medium components for ornamentals

Summary Rooted cuttings of Dendranthema grandiflora Tzvelev. , Nerium oleander L. and Lantana camara L. , as well as seedlings of Pelargonium zonale L. were grown in media containing cotton gin trash compost, rice hulls, peat and perlite in various ratios, and their vegetative growth and flowering was determined and compared with a control medium of 1 peat:1perlite (by volume). When up to 60% of peat in the control medium was replaced by cotton gin trash compost plant height was slightly reduced, except in P. zonale, the number of flowers was increased, except in pot D. grandiflora, and flowering was accelerated in all species except N. oleander. When half or all the perlite of the control was replaced by rice hulls, plant height and flower number was similar to that of the control plants, except in pot D. grandiflora where the number of flowers was reduced and in cut D. grandiflora where both stem length and flower number were reduced; also, in L. camara total replacement of perlite by rice hulls gave shorter plants. In media that contained cotton gin trash compost, peat and rice hulls, plant height of all species except P. zonale was reduced. Partitioning of cotton gin trash compost or rice hulls in the media decreased their total porosity and their easily available water, while cotton gin trash compost increased bulk density. When rice hulls totally replaced the perlite, bulk density was decreased. The media with peat, cotton gin trash compost and rice hulls and the one with peat and rice hulls had the lowest easily available water and total porosity of all the media tested. Media with cotton gin trash compost had a high electrical conductance at the beginning of the culture period, but it fell to the level of the control by the end.
Natural Language Correction - Thesis Proposal

Tools that correct errors in human written texts are an important part of many existing systems used by countless people. Although the rise of deep neural networks in recent years made it possible to handle more complex errors including even grammatical and ﬂuency ones, current models still suffer from several problems. In this thesis proposal, we describe issues we ﬁnd are the most crucial in the area of the natural language correction and discuss what has been done so far to solve them. We further describe the work we performed until now, and ﬁnally we provide an overview of our future research plans.
Species densities, biological interactions and benthic ecosystem functioning: an in situ experiment

: Understanding how biota affect the functioning of ecosystems is imperative if we are to predict the impacts of ongoing biodiversity change on ecosystem service provision. Evidence from marine sediments — the most widespread habitat on earth — suggests that ecological function delivery is driven by the presence and densities of certain species. However, most experiments have been conducted using fixed density treatments and run for short durations (<4 wk) within homogenous laboratory microcosms. In nature, the impact of changing density in one species may depend on consequent changes in the densities of others. Moreover, evidence from vegetation assemblages suggests that the influence of complementarity among species increases in heterogeneous environments and over time. Here, we simulated a realistic pattern of biodiversity change by transplanting the macroinfaunal bivalve Scrobicularia plana into an intertidal mudflat at various densities. The impact on redox potential discontinuity (RPD) depth (a proxy for benthic functioning) was measured at 1, 5 and 9 wk. Increasing S. plana density negatively affected RPD depth (i.e. RPD depth became shallower) by causing the density of a functionally dominant species, Corophium volutator , to decline. Furthermore, the influence of density-dependent interspecific interactions (among macroinfauna) on RPD depth became increasingly positive as the exper-iment progressed. Our results reaffirm the direct functional importance of certain species in a natural ecosystem and highlight the indirect importance of other species to which their density is tightly coupled. An implication is that species loss could enhance functioning if it causes the density of a functionally dominant species to increase. Nevertheless, the apparent temporal emergence of interspecific facilitation suggests that diverse species assemblages promote high function delivery.
Growth and Differentiation of Human Dental Pulp Stem Cells Maintained in Fetal Bovine Serum, Human Serum and Serum-free/Xeno-free Culture Media

Introduction: Dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) are an accessible cell source with therapeutic applicability in regeneration of damaged tissues. Current techniques for expansion of DPSCs require the use of Fetal Bovine Serum (FBS). However, animal-derived reagents stage safety issues in clinical therapy. By expanding DPSCs in serumfree/ xenofree medium (SF/XF-M) or in medium containing human serum (HS-M), the problems can be eliminated. Therefore, the aim of our study was to identify suitable cell culture media alternatives for DPSCs. Methods: We studied the isolation, proliferation, morphology, cell surface markers (CD29, CD44, CD90, CD105, CD31, CD45 and CD146), stemness markers expression (Oct3/4, Sox2, Nanog and SSEA-4) and in vitro multilineage differentiation of DPSCs in HS-M or SF/XF-M in comparison to FBS-M. Results: DPSCs expressed the cell surface and stemness markers in all studied conditions. The proliferation analysis of cells cultured in different HS concentrations revealed that cells isolated in 20% HS-M and passaged in 10% or 15% HS-M supported the cell growth. Direct isolation of cells in SF/XF-M did not support cell proliferation. Therefore, cells cultured in 20% HS-M were used for further SF/XF-M studies. However, proliferation of DPSCs was significantly lower in SF/XF-M when compared with cells cultured in FBS-M and HS-M. In addition, proliferation of DPSCs in SF/XF-M could be enhanced by addition of 1% HS in cell culture medium. There were differences in osteogenic, chondrogenic and adipogenic differentiation efficacy between cells cultured in FBS, HS and SF/XF differentation media. More pronounced adipogenic and osteogenic differentiation was observed in HS differentiation medium, however, in FBS-M cultured cells more effective chondrogenic differentiation was detected. Conclusions: Our results indicate that HS is a suitable alternative to FBS for the expansion of DPSCs. The composition of SF/XF-M needs to be further optimized in terms of cell expandability and differentiation efficiency to reach clinical applicability.
Effects of Almix Herbicide on Metabolic Enzymes in Different Tissues of Three Teleostean Fishes Anabas testudineus, Heteropneustes fossilis and Oreochromis niloticus

Three Indian freshwater teleostean fishes Anabas testudineus, Heteropneustes fossilis and Oreochromis niloticus were exposed to almix (66.67 mg/l) under laboratory condition for a period of 30 days to investigate the activity of transaminases (alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST)), and phosphatase (alkaline phosphatase (ALP)) in the gill, intestine, heart and muscle tissues. ALT levels showed significant elevation (p H. fossilis > A. testudineus. Therefore, assessment of these metabolic enzymes in tissue systems is important for evaluation of the herbicidal contamination like almix on fish species.
Rice Dreg Protein as an Alternative to Soy Protein Isolate: Comparison of Nutritional Properties

Rice dreg protein could be a valuable source of plant-based proteins, as an alternative to soy proteins in some food products. Here, nutritional properties of rice dreg protein were compared with those of soy protein isolate. The protein content of rice dreg protein was approximately 62.6 g/100 g sample, with large amounts of fat, carbohydrate, and ash. The denaturation temperatures of rice protein isolate from rice dreg protein were 47.4 and 97.2°C, respectively. This indicated that these proteins could be denatured during rice syrup processing to form aggregates, but were relatively more stable than rice endosperm protein and soy protein isolate. The main amino acids in rice dreg protein and rice protein isolate were Glu, Pro, Arg, Asp, and Leu, with Lys as the lowest content. Most of essential amino acids and nutritional parameters of rice protein isolate and rice dreg protein met the suggested nutritional requirements for a child according to FAO/WHO, and were relatively higher than those of soy protein isolate. In addition, rice protein isolate showed better digestibility than soy protein isolate during four hours sequential pepsin and pancreatin digestions. The final digestibility value was 96.66% for rice protein isolate compared to 91.41% for soy protein isolate. Thus rice dreg protein could potentially replace soy proteins as a good source of value-added protein for human nutrition in response to the increasing demand for plant proteins.
Determining Nutrient Diagnostic Norms for Greenhouse Roses

Greenhouse-grown cut roses are an economically important and intensive horticultural cropping system receiving large water, fertilizer, agrochemicals, and labor inputs. This study was conducted to establish and validate norms for the nutrient diagnosis techniques Diagnosis and Recommendation Integrated System (DRIS) and Compositional Nutrient Diagnosis (CND) for cut roses (Rosa spp. L.) growing on soil beds within greenhouses in the BogotaPlateau, Colombia. Information used in this study was obtained from a database of plant tissue and soil analyses, including 1914 foliar analyses of different rose cultivars grafted on the rootstock R. 3 'Natal Briar'. Theoretical validation proved that the generated norms are suitable for crop nutrient status diagnosis, allowing for the correlation of nutrient balance indices with crop flower productivities across a range of cultivars and plant ages. Analysis of the results provided by both DRIS and CND procedures indicated that element relations associated with nitrogen, phosphorous, magnesium, manganese, and boron had a higher influence on the nutritional balance and productivity of roses growing under the conditions of the studied region. In addition, it was preliminarily determined that the use of these diagnostic norms could be extended to rose crops growing under other, and different, rootstocks, production and environmental conditions, and management.
Octopod beak identification — resolution at a regional level (Cephalopoda, Octopoda: southern Africa)

Characteristic features useful for distinguishing between lower beaks of 14 species of Octopoda (Cephalopoda) were determined in a study of southern African members of the order. The beak of each species is described and illustrated, and a key to aid identification is presented. Regressions relating beak dimensions with length and mass of the whole animal are also provided for use in predator/prey studies.
7. Edigheji.pmd

The need to promote an inclusive development strategy and incubate a virile indigenous entrepreneurial class remains a key challenge for the Malaysian and South African states in their quest for the democratic developmental state. For the absence of a virile indigenous business class that can embed with the state in the development process remains a daunting obstacle. The Chapter therefore examines the institutional characteristics that enabled the Malaysian state to incubate a Malay entrepreneurial class and significantly reduce the level of poverty, and the organisational structures created by the post-apartheid South African state to promote a black business class and to reduce the high level of poverty among its population. ‘Institution’ is used here to mean organisations, which are arenas of contestations and where trade-offs are made by the contending groups, but not in terms of rules that constrain human behaviour. The choice of Malaysia and South Africa as case studies arises partly from the common social, economic and political features both countries share: heterogeneity in terms of religion, race and ethnic considerations. For instance, the minority race and ethnic groups are in charge of the real sector of the economies, while the majority ethnic group dominates the politics and state institutions after independence. In Malaysia, while the economy and politics are controlled by people of Chinese descent, the state institutions have the indigenous Malays in the majority. The same is true of South Africa where the economy is dominated by the minority white population while the
CONVEX SEMIGROUPS ON Lp-LIKE SPACES

In this paper, we investigate convex semigroups on Banach lattices. We assume that the Banach lattice is σ-Dedekind complete and satisfies a monotone convergence property, having L-spaces in mind as a typical application. We show that the basic results from linear C0-semigroup theory extend to the convex case. We prove that the generator of a convex C0-semigroup is closed and uniquely determines the semigroup whenever the domain is dense. Moreover, the domain of the generator is invariant under the semigroup. The results are discussed in several examples such as semilinear heat equations, or nonlinear integro-differential equations.
In Vitro and In Vivo Evaluation of Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) Genotypes for Pre- and Post-attachment Resistance against Witchweed (Striga asiatica L. Kuntze)

Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) production in sub-Saharan Africa is seriously constrained by both biotic and abiotic stresses. Among the biotic stresses is witchweed (Striga spp.), a noxious parasitic weed causing major damage in cereal crops, such as sorghum. However, resistance through reduced germination stimulant production or altered germination stimulant composition provides a sustainable and most effective way for managing the parasitic weeds. Laboratory and glasshouse experiments were conducted using seven (7) sorghum genotypes to evaluate their resistance or tolerance the witch weed (Striga asiatica L. Kuntze). The first experiment was a laboratory agar gel assay arranged in a completely randomized design with six (6) replications to evaluate the effects of the seven (7) sorghum genotypes on the production of strigolactones by determining the percentage germination and the furthest germination distance of the Striga seeds. The second experiment was a seven (7) (sorghum genotypes)∗two (2) (Striga treatments) factorial glasshouse experiment conducted to evaluate the effects of Striga on sorghum growth, physiological and yield components of sorghum, Striga syndrome rating, and number of Striga per plant. The genotypes showed a significant ( ) difference in germination percentage and furthest germination of Striga seeds in the agar gel assay. Genotypes SV4, Mahube, and ICSV 111 IN showed the least germination percentage and lowest germination distance, implying that these varieties either produced low strigolactones or altered their composition. In contrast, Kuyuma, Wahi, SV2, and Macia caused high Striga seed germinations and high furthest germination distances, suggesting that these sorghum genotypes were susceptible to Striga infection. The sorghum × Striga × time interactions were significant ( ) on sorghum height. It was found that the heights of sorghum genotypes ICSV 111 IN and Mahube were not altered by Striga infection, but the heights of Kuyuma, Macia, SV2, SV4, and Wahi were reduced by Striga infection. The interaction of sorghum∗Striga effects was significant ( ) on chlorophyll fluorescence. Striga infection did not alter the chlorophyll content of ICSV 111 IN and SV4. The sorghum∗Striga interaction effects were significant ( ) on head index, leaf biomass, leaf index, root biomass, root index, plant biomass, and root : shoot ratio. Assessing Striga tolerance based on sorghum heights, chlorophyll content, and root : shoot ratio parameters, it could be concluded that the sorghum genotypes Mahube, ICSV 111 IN, and SV4 tolerated Striga infection, whereas Kuyuma and SV2 could be susceptible.
Optical modulation from 5 to 11 μm wavelength range using Ge-rich graded SiGe waveguides

The mid-infrared (mid-IR) wavelength range host unique vibrational and rotational resonances of a large number of molecules. The spectrum fingerprint can be used to detect the molecular compositions in a non-intrusive way. To analyse simultaneously as many molecules as possible in the same device, wide operational bandwidth is a must. This work reports the first demonstration of optical modulation in mid-IR photonic circuit reaching wavelengths larger than 8 μm, showing wide optical modulation from 5.5 to 11 μm wavelength range. This experimental demonstration confirms current free-carrier absorption theoretical models, paving the way towards efficient, high-performance, electrically-driven integrated optical modulators. Those devices are expected to have a strong impact in many applications, as they can be used to greatly enhance the detection sensitivity by synchronous detection.
The Roles of Social Capital and Knowledge Sharing Behavior in Myanmar’s Private Banks

This research discloses the roles of social capital, knowledge sharing intentions, and knowledge sharing behavior in the context of Myanmar’s private banking sector. Two hundred and seventy five questionnaires were collected from mid-management level employees in the private banking sector using a survey technique. To estimate the proposed research model, structural equation modelling (SEM) was applied. The results, firstly highlight that social capital significantly influences knowledge sharing intentions, and secondly, that knowledge sharing intentions partially mediate the path from social capital and knowledge sharing behavior. This confirms the importance of socially-related factors regarding the motivation and behavior aspects of knowledge sharing between individuals. The findings enable organizations in Myanmar to appreciate the sharing behavior between employees, regarding knowledge. With respect to the practical implications, this study could offer useful insights into how organizations can design and implement effective practices to enhance knowledge sharing behavior in their organization, via effective stimulation of motivation. In this way, organizations can attain sustainable development of human capital and gain a competitive advantage.
Unprecedented Drought Challenges for Texas Water Resources in a Changing Climate: What Do Researchers and Stakeholders Need to Know?

Long‐range water planning is complicated by factors that are rapidly changing in the 21st century, including climate, population, and water use. Here, we analyze climate factors and drought projections for Texas as an example of a diverse society straddling an aridity gradient to examine how the projections can best serve water stakeholder needs. We find that climate models are robust in projecting drying of summer‐season soil moisture and decreasing reservoir supplies for both the eastern and western portions of Texas during the 21st century. Further, projections indicate drier conditions during the latter half of the 21st century than even the most arid centuries of the last 1,000 years that included megadroughts. To illustrate how accounting for drought nonstationarity may increase water resiliency, we consider generalized case studies involving four key stakeholder groups: agricultural producers, large surface water suppliers, small groundwater management districts, and regional water planning districts. We also examine an example of customized climate information being used as input to long‐range water planning. We find that while stakeholders value the quantitative capability of climate model outputs, more specific climate‐related information better supports resilience planning across multiple stakeholder groups. New suites of tools could provide necessary capacity for both short‐ and long‐term, stakeholder‐specific adaptive planning.
Circuitry and Synaptic Dysfunction in Alzheimer's Disease: A New Tau Hypothesis

For more than five decades, the field of Alzheimer's disease (AD) has focused on two main hypotheses positing amyloid-beta (Aβ) and Tau phosphorylation (pTau) as key pathogenic mediators. In line with these canonical hypotheses, several groups around the world have shown that the synaptotoxicity in AD depends mainly on the increase in pTau levels. Confronting this leading hypothesis, a few years ago, we reported that the increase in phosphorylation levels of dendritic Tau, at its microtubule domain (MD), acts as a neuroprotective mechanism that prevents N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAr) overexcitation, which allowed us to propose that Tau protein phosphorylated near MD sites is involved in neuroprotection, rather than in neurodegeneration. Further supporting this alternative role of pTau, we have recently shown that early increases in pTau close to MD sites prevent hippocampal circuit overexcitation in a transgenic AD mouse model. Here, we will synthesize this new evidence that confronts the leading Tau-based AD hypothesis and discuss the role of pTau modulating neural circuits and network connectivity. Additionally, we will briefly address the role of brain circuit alterations as a potential biomarker for detecting the prodromal AD stage.