THE STUDY OF THE PREVALENCE OF EXPRESSION OF ANGIOTENSIN II TYPE 1 RECEPTOR POLYMORPHISMS AND SUSCEPTIBILITY TO HYPERTENSION AMONG RENAL FAILURE AND CORONARY HEART DISEASE PATIENTS

The main objective of the current study is to assess the relation of polymorphisms of AGTR1 with hypertension, and perform a metaanalysis of association of the rs5186 SNP and hypertension to both understand the relation between genetic variant and hypertension across multiple populations. The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) plays a fundamental role in blood pressure maintenance and is implicated as a likely etiologic factor in the development of hypertension, gene expression and protein expression of the angiotensin II type I receptor (AT1R) (SNP ID: rs5186) and its association with essential hypertension in a Northern Indian population, AGTR1 encodes the type 1 receptor, which mediates the main cardiovascular impact of angiotensin II including vasoconstriction, stimulation of Na+ reabsorption and aldosterone secretion. This gene may play a role in the generation of reperfusion arrhythmias following rebuilding of blood flow to the ischemic or infracted myocardium. Expression of AT1R gene and the A1166C polymorphism are analyzed in 60 hypertensive patients; the first 30 patients taken from AKU disease, and the other 30 patients taken from cardiology, CCU. Identification and Detection of Polymorphisms of AT1R gene by Total DNA extraction, PCR and routine analysis. The distribution of genotypes in the patients (with heart & kidney), and control groups accordance with the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, showed that heterozygous genotypic pattern (CC) is more frequent in patients with kidney and heart cases, than (AC) while in controls the most frequent genotype was AA. There was a significant association found in the AT1R genotypes (AC+CC) with essential hypertension (X =64.765, p = 0.000) compared with control, also a significant association of hypertension (AT1R occurrence) in alleles (A+C) (X =22.947, p = 0.000) compared with control . By comparing genotyping distributions of (AT1R) (A1166C) gene between group 3 & group 4 (kidney & heart patients respectively) significant difference occurred, (x2 =22.947, p = 0.000), but there was no significant difference when genotyping distributions of (AT1R) (A1166C) gene compared between alleles groups (X =0.178, p = 0.673). Our study also showed that by comparing the means values of biochemical parameters between control group and kidney patients, the results showed that, There were significant differences between control group (group 1) and Kidney patients group (group 3), according to urea, creatinine, cholesterol and TG, (p<0.001), While there was no significant difference between control group (group 1) and Kidney patients (group 3), with respect to Hb where (p=.077). Also comparing the biochemical parameters between control and heart cases groups , the results showed that, There were significant differences between control group (group 1) and heart patients group (group 3), according to Ck, Ck-mb, cholesterol, TG, and TG LDH, (p<0.001). While there was no significant difference between control group (group 1) and heart patients (group 3), with respect to Hb where (p=.085). Our study reveals that A allele and AA genotype of AT1R A1166C gene polymorphism are associated with a protective effect against essential hypertension, while C allele and AC genotype of AT1R A1166C are correlated with the raised danger of basic hypertension in kidney and heart diseases.