Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Automatic phone set extension with confidence measure for spontaneous speech

Extending the phone set is one common approach for dealing with phonetic confusions in spontaneous speech. We propose using likelihood ratio test as a confidence measure for automatic phone set extension to model phonetic confusions. We first extend the standard phone set using dynamic programming (DP) alignment to cover all possible phonetic confusions in training data. Likelihood ratio test is then used as a confidence measure to optimize the extended phonetic units to represent the acoustic samples between two standard phonetic units with high confusability. The optimum set of extended phonetic units is combined with the standard phone set to form a multiple pronunciation dictionary. The effectiveness of this approach is evaluated on spontaneous Mandarin telephony speech. It gives an encouraging 1.09% absolute syllable error rate reduction. Using the extended phone set provides a good balance between the demands of high resolution acoustic model and the available training data.
Detecting and Browsing Events in Unstructured text

Previews and overviews of large, heterogeneous information resources help users comprehend the scope of collections and focus on particular subsets of interest. For narrative documents, questions of "what happened? where? and when? " are natural points of entry. Building on our earlier work at the Perseus Project with detecting terms, place names, and dates, we have exploited co-occurrences of dates and place names to detect and describe likely events in document collections. We compare statistical measures for determining the relative significance of various events. We have built interfaces that help users preview likely regions of interest for a given range of space and time by plotting the distribution and relevance of various collocations. Users can also control the amount of collocation information in each view. Once particular collocations are selected, the system can identify key phrases associated with each possible event to organize browsing of the documents themselves.
A Neuroergonomic Approach for the Investigation of Cognitive Processes in Interactive Assembly Environments

The present article describes a scenario and respective neuro-cognitive psychological methods for the investigation of human-machine interaction in a factory context. Due to a growing demand for flexible production systems, adaptive interfaces for the optimal support of workers in manufacturing become increasingly relevant. Interacting in a complex production environment requires the acting person to filter multiple sources of information, to attentively select relevant information, to integrate perceptual information with action goals, to monitor these in working memory and to control the appropriate response actions. Cognitive control mechanisms in this multi-task situation will be analyzed in a research project on the basis of a neuroergonomic approach. The underlying attentional selection mechanisms and mental workload limitations are investigated in an assembly line scenario, where human performance and physiological parameters are assessed while the operator is performing an assembly task. In this scenario, instructions are presented via Augmented Reality systems, allowing for the presentation of task-relevant information at any time during the action sequence. Additionally, the production environment is simulated by a video projection of a typical factory surrounding. By experimentally varying task complexity and action goals, constraints on user interface design and human-machine interaction will be derived.
Storage stability and solubility of poly(urea-formaldehyde) microcapsules containing A-olefin drag reducing polymer

Microcapsules containing α-olefin drag reducing polymer were prepared by in situ and interfacial polymerization with urea, formaldehyde, and styrene as shell materials, respectively. IR spectrums of prepared shells indicated the formations of poly(urea-formaldehyde) and polystyrene in the microencapsulating process. The morphologies of uncoated particles and microcapsules were observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) which proved that the α-olefin drag reducing polymer particles were effectively coated. For the purpose of determining the stability of microcapsules in transportation and storage, the static pressure experiment was carried out and lasted for 6 months. In this process, microcapsules with polystyrene as shell material stuck together after 3 months; however, those with poly(urea-formaldehyde) kept the state of particles. The thermal characteristics of uncoated particles (core), poly(urea-formaldehyde) (shell), and microcapsules with that as shell material were characterized by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) which proved that thermal stable temperature of microcapsules containing α-olefin drag reducing polymer with poly(urea-formaldehyde) as shell material was below 225°C, and the mean heat absorbed by microcapsules in the temperature increasing process was 1.5–2.0 W/g higher than that by cores. The evaluation of drag reducing rate of microcapsules showed that the microencapsulating process had no influence on the drag reduction of α-olefin drag reducing polymer. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
A novel detection scheme for space-time block coded systems with imperfect CSI and CFO estimation

In this paper we propose a new detection scheme for space-time block coded (STBC) systems over a flat Rayleigh fading channel. The new detector is derived for receivers having unknown channel state information (CSI) and carrier frequency offset (CFO). The proposed detector is based on a maximal ratio combiner (MRC) which optimizes the output in terms of maximum signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) along with a maximum likelihood (ML) detector. Theoretical analysis and simulation results show the importance and advantages of proposed scheme for different modulation schemes and in the presence of multiple estimation error variances. The proposed decoder outperforms the conventional decoder in terms of bit error rate (BER).
Ecological and Sociodemographic Determinants of House Infestation by Triatoma infestans in Indigenous Communities of the Argentine Chaco

Background The Gran Chaco ecoregion, a hotspot for Chagas and other neglected tropical diseases, is home to >20 indigenous peoples. Our objective was to identify the main ecological and sociodemographic determinants of house infestation and abundance of Triatoma infestans in traditional Qom populations including a Creole minority in Pampa del Indio, northeastern Argentina. Methods A cross-sectional survey determined house infestation by timed-manual searches with a dislodging aerosol in 386 inhabited houses and administered questionnaires on selected variables before full-coverage insecticide spraying and annual vector surveillance. We fitted generalized linear models to two global models of domestic infestation and bug abundance, and estimated coefficients via multimodel inference with model averaging. Principal Findings Most Qom households were larger and lived in small-sized, recently-built, precarious houses with fewer peridomestic structures, and fewer livestock and poultry than Creoles’. Qom households had lower educational level and unexpectedly high residential mobility. House infestation (31.9%) was much lower than expected from lack of recent insecticide spraying campaigns and was spatially aggregated. Nearly half of the infested houses examined had infected vectors. Qom households had higher prevalence of domestic infestation (29.2%) than Creoles’ (10.0%), although there is large uncertainty around the adjusted OR. Factors with high relative importance for domestic infestation and/or bug abundance were refuge availability, distance to the nearest infested house, domestic insecticide use, indoor presence of poultry, residential overcrowding, and household educational level. Conclusions and Significance Our study highlights the importance of sociodemographic determinants of domestic infestation such as overcrowding, education and proximity to the nearest infested house, and corroborates the role of refuge availability, domestic use of insecticides and household size. These factors may be used for designing improved interventions for sustainable disease control and risk stratification. Housing instability, household mobility and migration patterns are key to understanding the process of house (re)infestation in the Gran Chaco.
Stress Relaxation Behavior of Cu-Ni-P Alloys Evaluated from Amplitude-Dependent Internal Friction

The strain-amplitude dependence of internal friction in Cu-0.41Ni-0.11P (mass%) alloys has been evaluated to reveal the relation between the amplitude-dependent internal friction and the stress relaxation performance. Annealing at 250°C after cold rolling causes a suppression of the strain-amplitude dependence with increasing annealing time in the range between 10 s and 104 s. Analysis of the amplitude-dependent internal friction reveals the plastic strain of the order of 10-9 as a function of effective stress on dislocation motion. It is found that the microflow stress at a constant level of plastic strain increases with increasing annealing time. This result is in line with the improvement in the stress relaxation performance but disagrees with a decrease in the tensile strength and yield stress after annealing. We believe that the increase in the microflow stress after annealing is caused by inhibition of dislocation motion due to Ni-P clusters, which were revealed by three-dimensional atom probe (3DAP) experiments.
Immunoglobulin Genomics in the Guinea Pig (Cavia porcellus)

In science, the guinea pig is known as one of the gold standards for modeling human disease. It is especially important as a molecular and cellular biology model for studying the human immune system, as its immunological genes are more similar to human genes than are those of mice. The utility of the guinea pig as a model organism can be further enhanced by further characterization of the genes encoding components of the immune system. Here, we report the genomic organization of the guinea pig immunoglobulin (Ig) heavy and light chain genes. The guinea pig IgH locus is located in genomic scaffolds 54 and 75, and spans approximately 6,480 kb. 507 VH segments (94 potentially functional genes and 413 pseudogenes), 41 DH segments, six JH segments, four constant region genes (μ, γ, ε, and α), and one reverse δ remnant fragment were identified within the two scaffolds. Many VH pseudogenes were found within the guinea pig, and likely constituted a potential donor pool for gene conversion during evolution. The Igκ locus mapped to a 4,029 kb region of scaffold 37 and 24 is composed of 349 Vκ (111 potentially functional genes and 238 pseudogenes), three Jκ and one Cκ genes. The Igλ locus spans 1,642 kb in scaffold 4 and consists of 142 Vλ (58 potentially functional genes and 84 pseudogenes) and 11 Jλ -Cλ clusters. Phylogenetic analysis suggested the guinea pig’s large germline VH gene segments appear to form limited gene families. Therefore, this species may generate antibody diversity via a gene conversion-like mechanism associated with its pseudogene reserves.
Biochemical Analysis of the Interactions between the Proteins Involved in the [FeFe]-Hydrogenase Maturation Process*

Background: Activation of [FeFe]-hydrogenases requires coordinated interactions between the maturases HydE, HydF, and HydG. Results: We characterized the interactions of HydF with HydE, HydG, and the hydrogenase that occur independently of the HydF GTPase activity, related to the dissociation step. Conclusion: Additional insights into the [FeFe]-hydrogenases maturation process are provided. Significance: This study contributes to a more detailed picture of how [FeFe]-hydrogenases are assembled. [FeFe]-hydrogenases are iron-sulfur proteins characterized by a complex active site, the H-cluster, whose assembly requires three conserved maturases. HydE and HydG are radical S-adenosylmethionine enzymes that chemically modify a H-cluster precursor on HydF, a GTPase with a dual role of scaffold on which this precursor is synthesized, and carrier to transfer it to the hydrogenase. Coordinate structural and functional relationships between HydF and the two other maturases are crucial for the H-cluster assembly. However, to date only qualitative analysis of this protein network have been provided. In this work we showed that the interactions of HydE and HydG with HydF are distinct events, likely occurring in a precise functional order driven by different kinetic properties, independently of the HydF GTPase activity, which is instead involved in the dissociation of the maturases from the scaffold. We also found that HydF is able to interact with the hydrogenase only when co-expressed with the two other maturases, indicating that under these conditions it harbors per se all the structural elements needed to transfer the H-cluster precursor, thus completing the maturation process. These results open new working perspectives aimed at improving the knowledge of how these complex metalloenzymes are biosynthesized.
Depression in Patients with Type II Diabetes: Case study at Diabetic Outpatient Clinic, in Samut Prakan

This descriptive research studied the depression level of patients with diabetes type II at diabetic clinics in Samut Prakarn, and, identified the causes of severe depression in patients with type 2. There were 209 participants enrolled in the study. The samples were selected by opportunistic sampling technique. The data were collected from May 2013 to July 2013, using the CES-D questionnaire, with Cronbach’s coefficient alpha 0.82 and guidelines for interviews. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics. Research Results: 1. 66 percent of participants had a depression score at a low level. 2. The CES-D showed that, 44 percent were unhappy and 38 percent did not feel that their life was enjoyable. 29 percent felt no hope for the future, 5.6 percent were easily upset and 8.3 percent suffered from insomnia and severe depression. 3. Half of the participants mentioned that troubled family relationships was a main cause of their depression, 42.9 percents felt worrying about their illness, 35.3 percent blamed over work and almost 15 percent identified loss of love as the cause of depression.
Measurement of Relaxation Shrinkage in Woven Wool Fabrics

Relaxation shrinkage in wool fabrics is normally measured after relaxation of the fabric in water or steam. Values obtained for relaxation shrinkage after wet relaxation depend on the manner in which the fabric is dried. If the wet fabric is dried directly in an oven, the values for relaxation shrinkage are low, but if the fabric is allowed to dry under ambient conditions before oven drying, values are high. Steaming procedures produce relaxation shrinkage values that are considerably lower than those obtained with wet relaxation. An interlaboratory trial conducted using thirteen commercial worsted fabrics has determined the repeatability and reproducibility of different meth ods for calculating the magnitude of relaxation shrinkage. The practical significance of the different methods has been assessed from garment trials where fabric shrinkage, resulting from making-up and from wear, was examined. A procedure for measuring relaxation shrinkage is recommended.
Crystal structure of Mycobacterium tuberculosis ketol‐acid reductoisomerase at 1.0 Å resolution – a potential target for anti‐tuberculosis drug discovery

The biosynthetic pathway for the branched‐chain amino acids is present in plants, fungi and bacteria, but not in animals, making it an attractive target for herbicidal and antimicrobial drug discovery. Ketol‐acid reductoisomerase (KARI; EC 1.1.1.86) is the second enzyme in this pathway, converting in a Mg2+‐ and NADPH‐dependent reaction either 2‐acetolactate or 2‐aceto‐2‐hydroxybutyrate to their corresponding 2,3‐dihydroxy‐3‐alkylbutyrate products. Here, we have determined the crystal structure of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mt) KARI, a class I KARI, with two magnesium ions bound in the active site. X‐ray data were obtained to 1.0 Å resolution and the final model has an Rfree of 0.163. The structure shows that the active site is solvent‐accessible with the two metal ions separated by 4.7 Å. A comparison of this structure with that of Mg2+‐free Pseudomonas aeruginosa KARI suggests that upon magnesium binding no movement of the N domain relative to the C domain occurs. However, upon formation of the Michaelis complex, as illustrated in the structure of Slackia exigua KARI in complex with NADH.Mg2+. N‐hydroxy‐N‐isopropyloxamate (IpOHA, a transition state analog), domain movements and reduction of the metal–metal distance to 3.5 Å are observed. This inherent flexibility therefore appears to be critical for initiation of the KARI‐catalyzed reaction. This study provides new insights into the complex structural rearrangements required for activity of KARIs, particularly those belonging to class I, and provides the framework for the rational design of Mt KARI inhibitors that can be tested as novel antituberculosis agents.
Web Search Result using the Rank Improvement

The problem of finding relevant documents has become much more difficult due to the return a large number of Web pages generally in the form of ranked list data on the WWW. This result increases the users’ searching time to find the desired information within the search results, while in general most users just want to result pages to find new/different results. Thus a work is done which reduced a search space and high priority pages are to move upwards in the result list. The Web mining tools are used to classify, cluster and order the documents so that users can easily navigate through the search result and find the desired Information content . The method first performs query clustering in query logs and then capture the weight of clicked web pages in each cluster and also capture the rank of that pages then we find out the new rank by adding the weight and existing rank, Now apply the Insertion Sort and set the level according the high priority In this paper, architecture is being proposed that introduces methods that order the results according to both the relevancy and the importance of documents. This proposed work results in reduced search space as user intended pages tend to move up words in result list.
Stress processes in caring for an end-of-life family member: Application of a theoretical model

Objectives: Family caregivers play a vital role in maintaining the lives of individuals with advanced illness living in the community. However, the responsibility of caregiving for an end-of-life family member can have profound consequences on the psychological, physical and financial well-being of the caregiver. While the literature has identified caregiver stress or strain as a complex process with multiple contributing factors, few comprehensive studies exist. This study examined a wide range of theory-driven variables contributing to family caregiver stress. Method: Data variables from interviews with primary family caregivers were mapped onto the factors within the Stress Process Model theoretical framework. A hierarchical multiple linear regression analysis was used to determine the strongest predictors of caregiver strain as measured by a validated composite index, the Caregiver Strain Index. Results: The study included 132 family caregivers across south-central/western Ontario, Canada. About half of these caregivers experienced high strain, the extent of which was predicted by lower perceived program accessibility, lower functional social support, greater weekly amount of time caregivers committed to the care recipient, younger caregiver age and poorer caregiver self-perceived health. Conclusion: This study examined the influence of a multitude of factors in the Stress Process Model on family caregiver strain, finding stress to be a multidimensional construct. Perceived program accessibility was the strongest predictor of caregiver strain, more so than intensity of care, highlighting the importance of the availability of community resources to support the family caregiving role.
Evaluate Nodes Importance in the Network Using Data Field Theory

Evaluating nodes importance in the network is an important research topic in the fields of complex networks, social network analysis and graph-based data mining. Enlightened by the knowledge of physical field, this paper proposes a topological ranking algorithm based on data field theory. Its basic idea is that each node in the network can be viewed as a material particle which creates a potential field around itself and the interaction of all nodes forms a topological field over the network. By defining and computing the topological potential score of each node, we can obtain a more accurate global ranking which can reflect nodes importance in the network. The theory and experimental results on toy and real-world networks indicate that when each node only influences its neighbors, the topological ranking is consistent with the degree ranking; as the node's influence spreads, the topological ranking turns out to have similar linear relevance with PageRank sort; when the influence reaches the diameter of the network, the topological ranking is close to the closeness ranking this time. Hence, this method not only provides a general framework for some classic ranking measures, but is also able to obtain an accurate ranking of vital nodes by optimizing correlative parameters, which can reveal the position differences of network topology.
SGDB: a database of synthetic genes re-designed for optimizing protein over-expression

Here we present the Synthetic Gene Database (SGDB): a relational database that houses sequences and associated experimental information on synthetic (artificially engineered) genes from all peer-reviewed studies published to date. At present, the database comprises information from more than 200 published experiments. This resource not only provides reference material to guide experimentalists in designing new genes that improve protein expression, but also offers a dataset for analysis by bioinformaticians who seek to test ideas regarding the underlying factors that influence gene expression. The SGDB was built under MySQL database management system. We also offer an XML schema for standardized data description of synthetic genes. Users can access the database at , or batch downloads all information through XML files. Moreover, users may visually compare the coding sequences of a synthetic gene and its natural counterpart with an integrated web tool at , and discuss questions, findings and related information on an associated e-forum at .
Active learning for sparse bayesian multilabel classification

We study the problem of active learning for multilabel classification. We focus on the real-world scenario where the average number of positive (relevant) labels per data point is small leading to positive label sparsity. Carrying out mutual information based near-optimal active learning in this setting is a challenging task since the computational complexity involved is exponential in the total number of labels. We propose a novel inference algorithm for the sparse Bayesian multilabel model of [17]. The benefit of this alternate inference scheme is that it enables a natural approximation of the mutual information objective. We prove that the approximation leads to an identical solution to the exact optimization problem but at a fraction of the optimization cost. This allows us to carry out efficient, non-myopic, and near-optimal active learning for sparse multilabel classification. Extensive experiments reveal the effectiveness of the method.