Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Die Auswirkungen kleinskaliger Umweltgestaltung auf das Mikroklima

In der Arbeit wird das dreidimensionale numerische Mikroklimamodell ENVI-met entwickelt. ENVI-met simuliert das Kleinklima in stadtischen Strukturen durch die Losung der physikalischen Grundgleichungen fur die Windstromung, die Thermodynamik und die Strahlungsbilanz an Oberflachen. Die ubliche Modellauflosung liegt zwischen 0.5 und 10 m und ermoglich somit eine realitatsnahe Abbildung von komplexen Stadtstrukturen. Durch die Kopplung mit pflanzenphysiologischen Modellen ermoglicht ENVI-met, den Einfluss von Vegetation (Gras, Einzelbaume, Parks) auf das Mikroklima vollstandig zu simulieren. ENVI-met ist ein instationares Rechenmodell und daher in der Lage die im Tagesverlauf variierenden Erwarmungs- und Abkuhlungszyklen am Boden sowie an Dachern und Fassaden in Abhangigkeit vom Sonnenstand zu bestimmen. Die Dissertation beschreibt alle dem Modell zugrundeliegenden physikalischen Gleichung sowie ihre numerischen Losung und die Konzeption des numerischen Modells. Anhand von drei Beispielen unterschiedlicher Komplexitat werden einige Modellergebnisse prasentiert und diskutiert. Das Modell ist Freeware und kann unter \(\textit {http://www.envi-met.com}\) aus dem Internet bezogen werden.
The Beasts At Large – Perennial Questions and New Paradigms for Caribbean Translocation Research. Part II: Mammalian Introductions in Cultural Context

ABSTRACT Looking to clarify outstanding questions about human-animal dynamics in the pre-Columbian Caribbean, archaeologists have recently renewed investigation into the sociocultural context of mammal translocations to the islands. In this second instalment of a three-article series, I examine Amerindian ethnophoresy, that is, the process of anthropogenic species dispersal and its associated cultural practices, drawing on archaeological, ethnographic, and ethnohistoric evidence. Building on the ethnozoogeographic baselines established in Part I, I consider the tangible and intangible roles of introduced mammals, with particular attention given to subsistence, status, symbolic and ritual dimensions. I discuss enduring speculation over the management and incipient domestication of these species and its broader significance. Collectively, these topics are important because they inform explanation of the cause, extent and consequences of non-native animal introductions and allow us to understand translocation as an adaptive response to the natural and cultural environment. I conclude that resolution of the managed/domesticated status of non-native animals, in particular, constitutes the most critical research area in Caribbean ethnophoresy since this bears directly on the environmental impact and ecological legacy of mammal introductions in the region. This last topic is addressed in Part III of the series.
The Investigation of Preference Attributes of Indonesian Mobile Banking Users to Develop a Strategy for Mobile Banking Adoption

A new normal has been established as a result of the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on social behavior, technology, and business. This has a significant effect on how technology is used, such as mobile banking services, which offer more hygienic and secure payment alternatives than cash. Mobile banking has been viewed as having the ability to enhance access to unbanked customers in developing economies such as Indonesia, where 100 million people remain unbanked. This study aims to develop strategies using importance-performance analysis (IPA) to improve adoption based on the perceived importance and performance of 1441 mobile banking users during the COVID-19 pandemic. Data were collected using an online questionnaire administered during the period of September 2022 to March 2023 using the mobile banking adoption attributes of Attitude, Perceived Usefulness, Perceived Ease of Use, Compatibility, Subjective Norm, Interpersonal Influence, External Influence, Perceived Behavior Control, facilitating conditions, self-efficacy, firm reputation, trust, disease risk, performance risk, financial risk, privacy risk, time risk, psychological risk, and perceived risk. IPA results were divided into four quadrants: “concentrate here”, “keep up the good work”, “low priority”, and “possible overkill” with a representation that respondents regard as important and well-addressed. The findings show that bank strategists seeking competitive advantage must push innovation efforts to protect users by improving privacy risk and financial risk and enhancing mobile banking security from potential cyberattacks. Digital banks and associated institutions need to educate mobile banking customers on the benefits of security measures for these services, which may improve confidence and trust, and consequently, accelerate mobile banking adoption.
The effect of moth trap type on catch size and composition in British Lepidoptera

Light trapping is a common method for collecting flying insects, particularly Lepidoptera. Many trap designs are employed for this purpose and it is therefore important to know how they differ in their sampling of the flying insect fauna. Here we compare three Robinson-type trap designs, each of which employs a 125W mercury vapour bulb. The first uses a standard bulb; the second uses the same bulb with the addition of a Pyrex beaker, often deployed to prevent bulbs from cracking in the rain, and the third uses a bulb coated with a substance that absorbs visible wavelengths of light (also known as a black light). The black light trap caught fewer moths than either of the other traps, and had lower macromoth species richness and diversity than the standard + beaker trap. This lower species richness could be accounted for by the smaller number of moths caught by the black light trap. Furthermore the black light caught a different composition of both species and families to the other two trap types. Electromagnetic spectra of the three trap types showed the black light trap lacked peaks in the visible spectrum present in both of the other traps. We therefore conclude that the addition of a beaker to a Robinsontype trap does not make catches incomparable, but use of a black light does. These differences are probably due to lower total emission of radiation in the black light trap, thus catching fewer moths overall, and the lack of visible radiation produced, meaning that moths most sensitive to visible wavelengths are not attracted.
Human Biomonitoring Guidance Values for Deoxynivalenol Derived under the European Human Biomonitoring Initiative (HBM4EU)

The mycotoxin deoxynivalenol (DON) was one of the priority substances in the European Joint Human Biomonitoring Initiative (HBM4EU) project. In this study, to better interpret the actual internal exposure of DON in the general population and safeguard public health, human biomonitoring guidance values of DON for the general population (HBM-GVGenPop) were derived. The HBM-GVGenPop of DON was based on either the total DON (DON and its glucuronides) or DON’s main metabolite (DON-15-GlcA) levels in 24-h urine samples, resulting in a HBM-GVGenPop of 0.023 µg/mL for the total DON or a HBM-GVGenPop of 0.020 µg/mL for DON-15-GlcA. The use of 24-h urine samples is recommended based on the fact that DON and its metabolites have a short elimination half-life (T1/2), and 95% of the cumulative amount was excreted within 12 h after DON intake. The T1/2 for DON, DON-15-GlcA, and total DON were estimated to be 2.55 h, 2.95 h, and 2.95 h, respectively. Therefore, a 24-h urine sample reflects almost all of the DON exposure from the previous day, and this type of sample was considered for the derivation of a HBM-GVGenPop for DON.
Association of Malnutrition with Surgical and Hospital Outcomes after Spine Surgery for Spinal Metastases: A National Surgical Quality Improvement Program Study of 1613 Patients

Background: Malnutrition is a common condition that may exacerbate many medical and surgical pathologies. However, few have studied the impact of malnutrition on surgical outcomes for patients undergoing surgery for metastatic disease of the spine. This study aims to evaluate the impact of malnutrition on perioperative complications and healthcare resource utilization following surgical treatment of spinal metastases. Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study using the 2011–2019 American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database. Adult patients with spinal metastases who underwent laminectomy, corpectomy, or posterior fusion for extradural spinal metastases were identified using the CPT, ICD-9-CM, and ICD-10-CM codes. The study population was divided into two cohorts: Nourished (preoperative serum albumin values ≥ 3.5 g/dL) and Malnourished (preoperative serum albumin values < 3.5 g/dL). We assessed patient demographics, comorbidities, intraoperative variables, postoperative adverse events (AEs), hospital LOS, discharge disposition, readmission, and reoperation. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to identify the factors associated with a prolonged length of stay (LOS), AEs, non-routine discharge (NRD), and unplanned readmission. Results: Of the 1613 patients identified, 26.0% were Malnourished. Compared to Nourished patients, Malnourished patients were significantly more likely to be African American and have a lower BMI, but the age and sex were similar between the cohorts. The baseline comorbidity burden was significantly higher in the Malnourished cohort compared to the Nourished cohort. Compared to Nourished patients, Malnourished patients experienced significantly higher rates of one or more AEs (Nourished: 19.8% vs. Malnourished: 27.6%, p = 0.004) and serious AEs (Nourished: 15.2% vs. Malnourished: 22.6%, p < 0.001). Upon multivariate regression analysis, malnutrition was found to be an independent and associated with an extended LOS [aRR: 3.49, CI (1.97, 5.02), p < 0.001], NRD [saturated aOR: 1.76, CI (1.34, 2.32), p < 0.001], and unplanned readmission [saturated aOR: 1.42, CI (1.04, 1.95), p = 0.028]. Conclusions: Our study suggests that malnutrition increases the risk of postoperative complication, prolonged hospitalizations, non-routine discharges, and unplanned hospital readmissions. Further studies are necessary to identify the protocols that pre- and postoperatively optimize malnourished patients undergoing spinal surgery for metastatic spinal disease.
Emotional Design of Packaging: A Bibliometric Analysis

This study aims to explain the present research status and trends in the field of Emotional Design of Packaging (EDOP). A total of 129 scholarly articles were selected from high-quality journals in the Web of Science (WoS) database, and a systematic review of the EDOP field was undertaken, utilising a combination of CiteSpace and VOSviewer for bibliometric analysis. The findings reveal substantial advancements over the past two decades, with prospects for continued expansion. There exists a pressing requirement for enhanced collaboration across countries, institutions, and authors within this field. The core research themes in this area are Emotional Communication of Brand Packaging, Emotional Triggers for Packaging Design, Emotional Experience and User Satisfaction, and Emotional Design and Consumer Behaviour. It is worth mentioning that these four research themes correspond to the evolutionary trend of EDOP research history, with crossovers between periods arranged in an overlapping relationship. Additionally, Sensory Characteristics of Food Packaging and Emotional Measurement of Users, Modelling the Relationship between Packaging Design, Branding and Consumer Behaviour, and the Role of Cigarette Packaging Design in Tobacco Marketing collectively form the fundamental knowledge base in this area. This study not only addresses the current research gap in this field but also provides valuable references and guidance for future researchers.
Teacher–Student Model Using Grounding DINO and You Only Look Once for Multi-Sensor-Based Object Detection

Object detection is a crucial research topic in the fields of computer vision and artificial intelligence, involving the identification and classification of objects within images. Recent advancements in deep learning technologies, such as YOLO (You Only Look Once), Faster-R-CNN, and SSDs (Single Shot Detectors), have demonstrated high performance in object detection. This study utilizes the YOLOv8 model for real-time object detection in environments requiring fast inference speeds, specifically in CCTV and automotive dashcam scenarios. Experiments were conducted using the ‘Multi-Image Identical Situation and Object Identification Data’ provided by AI Hub, consisting of multi-image datasets captured in identical situations using CCTV, dashcams, and smartphones. Object detection experiments were performed on three types of multi-image datasets captured in identical situations. Despite the utility of YOLO, there is a need for performance improvement in the AI Hub dataset. Grounding DINO, a zero-shot object detector with a high mAP performance, is employed. While efficient auto-labeling is possible with Grounding DINO, its processing speed is slower than YOLO, making it unsuitable for real-time object detection scenarios. This study conducts object detection experiments using publicly available labels and utilizes Grounding DINO as a teacher model for auto-labeling. The generated labels are then used to train YOLO as a student model, and performance is compared and analyzed. Experimental results demonstrate that using auto-generated labels for object detection does not lead to degradation in performance. The combination of auto-labeling and manual labeling significantly enhances performance. Additionally, an analysis of datasets containing data from various devices, including CCTV, dashcams, and smartphones, reveals the impact of different device types on the recognition accuracy for distinct devices. Through Grounding DINO, this study proves the efficacy of auto-labeling technology in contributing to efficiency and performance enhancement in the field of object detection, presenting practical applicability.
Transient Receptor Potential Ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) Modulation by 4-Hydroxynonenal (4-HNE) in Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma Cell Lines: Putative Roles for Therapies

Background: Transient receptor potential channels (TRP) are overexpressed in some pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PDAC) patients and cell lines, settling them as putative therapeutic targets in this disease. Reactive oxygen species (ROS), with levels increased in PDAC, modulate some members of the TRP family renamed “redox channels”. Here, we investigate the direct effects of 4-hydroxinonenal (4-HNE) on TRPA1, natively expressed in PDAC cell lines and in association with cell migration and cell cycle progression. Methods: We performed microfluorimetry experiments, while the activation of resident membrane channels was investigated using confocal microscopy. We applied a prospective molecular docking of 4-HNE using Autodock and AutoDock Tools4. Also, we simulated the diffusion of 4-HNE through the membrane from the extracellular space with the Permeability of Molecules across Membranes (PerMM) web server. The analysis of cell migration was performed using the wound healing assay, and cell cycle progression was acquired using a Beckman Coulter CytoFlex flow cytometer. Results: Our results show, for the first time in PDAC, that 4-HNE diffuses through the cell membrane and rapidly activates Ca2+ uptake in PDAC cells. This process depends on TRPA1 activation, as 4-HNE forms a covalent binding with a pocket-like region within the intracellular N-terminal of the channel, shaped by the cysteine residues 621, 641, and 665. The activation of TRPA1 by 4-HNE inhibits cell migration and induces cell cycle arrest in the G2/M phase. Conclusions: Our study brings new insights into the effects of 4-HNE, highlighting the activation of the TRPA1 channel, a druggable, putative target for PDAC-expressing tumors.
Paleomagnetism and Tectonic Significance of the Goble Volcanics of Southern Washington

The upper Eocene to lower Oligocene Goble Volcanic series of southwest Washington is a thick sequence of areal to submarine basaltic to andesitic flows, pyroclastics, and minor sediments. Major element geochemical analyses suggest that these rocks may represent early magmatism of the Cascade arc. Paleomagnetic results from 37 sites indicate that the direction of remanent magnetization in the Goble Volcanics has a declination of 18.5°, an inclination of 57.5°, and a circle of 95% confidence of 4.33°. The expected upper Eocene direction in the sampling area is ^ = 353.5°; T = 61.5°. Thus the Goble Volcanics block appears to have rotated approximately 25° in a clockwise direction relative to the North American interior since the late Eocene. Comparison of this result with those of Cox, Simpson, and Plumley for the Oregon Coast Range, which show an apparently greater degree of rotation, suggests that the Goble Volcanics are not part of the Coast Range block. This also is supported by geochemical and geophysical differences between the provinces. Simpson (1977) has proposed two models to explain the Coast Range rotation. Model I assumes that the block extends to the Olympic Mountains and rotated seaward around its northern end in response to extension from behind. Model II assumes the block did not extend as far as the Olympic Mountains, and that it rotated around a pivot point at its southern end. Both models have major problems, which are compounded by results from the Goble Volcanics. Two possible models for rotation of the Goble Volcanics as part of an independent block have been examined. These are: (1) the "ball-bearing model", in which an equant block rotates between right-lateral faults in a large continental shear zone; and (2) the "Fitch model", wherein an equant block rotates between a subduction zone and a transcurrent fault pair formed in response to oblique subduction. A preferred but very tentative model proposed in this thesis to explain rotation in both the Goble and Coast Range blocks is a revised model I. It assumes a break in the Coast Range block near the Columbia River. The Coast Range would then rotate around a pivot point in the Tillamook highland area. The Goble Volcanics, which would lie northeast of the rotating block, might then rotate independently in a "ball-bearing" fashion between right-lateral strike-slip faults trending northwest-southeast. These faults, including the Brothers, Eugene Denio, Vale and Portland fault may have formed in response to basin and range extension. In particular, the Portland fault which may extend through the Coast Range block, and possible faults to the north parallel to the Olympic Wallowa lineament may have been responsible for the rotation of the Goble Volcanics.
Changing phytoplankton phenology in the marginal ice zone west of the Antarctic Peninsula

: Climate change is altering global ocean phenology, the timing of annually 21 occurring biological events. We examined the changing phenology of the phytoplankton 22 accumulation season west of the Antarctic Peninsula to show that blooms are shifting later in the 23 season over time in ice-associated waters. The timing of the start date and peak date of the 24 phytoplankton accumulation season are occurring later over time from 1997 to 2022 in the 25 marginal ice zone and over the continental shelf. A divergence is seen between offshore waters 26 and ice-associated waters, with offshore bloom timing becoming earlier, yet marginal ice zone 27 and continental shelf bloom timing shifting later. Higher chlorophyll-a concentration (Chl-a) in 28 the fall season is seen in recent years, especially over the northern continental shelf. Minimal 29 long-term trends in annual Chl-a occurred, likely due to the combination of later start dates in 30 spring and higher Chl-a in fall. The most likely mechanism for later spring start dates is 31 increasing spring wind speed, leading to deeper wind mixing in a region experiencing sea ice
Severe Pneumonia Caused by Respiratory Syncytial Virus and Adenovirus in Children from 2 to 24 Months at Children’s Hospital 1 in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam

In Vietnam, due to the lack of facilities to detect respiratory viruses from patients’ specimens, there are only a few studies on the detection of viral pathogens causing pneumonia in children, especially respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and adenovirus (Adv). Here, we performed a cross-sectional descriptive prospective study on 138 children patients from 2 to 24 months old diagnosed with severe pneumonia hospitalized at the Respiratory Department of Children’s Hospital 1 from November 2021 to August 2022. The number of patients selected in this study was based on the formula n = ([Z(1 − α/2)]2 × P [1 − P])/d2, with α = 0.05, p = 0.5, and d = 9%, and the sampling technique was convenient sampling until the sample size was met. A rapid test was used to detect RSV and Adv from the nasopharyngeal swabs and was conducted immediately after the patient’s hospitalization. Laboratory tests were performed, medical history interviews were conducted, and nasotracheal aspirates were collected for multiplex real-time PCR (MPL-rPCR) to detect viral and bacterial pathogens. The results of the rapid test and the MPL-rPCR in the detection of both pathogens were the same at 31.9% (44/138) for RSV and 8.7% (7/138) for Adv, respectively. Using MPL-rPCR, the detection rate was 21% (29/138) for bacterial pathogens, 68.8% (95/138) for bacterial–viral co-infections, and 6.5% (9/138) for viral pathogens. The results showed few distinctive traits between RSV-associated and Adv-associated groups, and the Adv group children were more prone to bacterial infection than those in the RSV group. In addition, the Adv group experienced a longer duration of treatment and a higher frequency of re-hospitalizations compared to the RSV group. A total of 100% of Adv infections were co-infected with bacteria, while 81.82% of RSV co-infected with bacterial pathogens (p = 0.000009). This study might be one of the few conducted in Vietnam aimed at identifying viral pathogens causing severe pneumonia in children.
The impact of social status on the formation of collaborative ties and effort provision: An experimental study

We study whether competition for social status induces higher effort provision and efficiency when individuals collaborate with their network neighbors. We consider a laboratory experiment in which individuals choose a costly collaborative effort and their network neighbors. They benefit from their neighbors' effort and effort choices of direct neighbors are strategic complements. We introduce two types of social status in a 2x2 factorial design: 1) individuals receive monetary benefits for incoming links representing popularity; 2) they receive feedback on their relative payoff ranking within the group. We find that link benefits induce higher effort provision and strengthen the collaborative ties relative to the Baseline treatment without social status. In contrast, the ranking information induces lower effort as individuals start competing for higher ranking. Overall, we find that social status has no significant impact on the number of links in the network and the efficiency of collaboration in the group.