Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Use of Electronic Health Record Metadata to Identify Nurse-Patient Assignments in the Intensive Care Unit: Algorithm Development and Validation

Background Nursing care is a critical determinant of patient outcomes in the intensive care unit (ICU). Most studies of nursing care have focused on nursing characteristics aggregated across the ICU (eg, unit-wide nurse-to-patient ratios, education, and working environment). In contrast, relatively little work has focused on the influence of individual nurses and their characteristics on patient outcomes. Such research could provide granular information needed to create evidence-based nurse assignments, where a nurse’s unique skills are matched to each patient’s needs. To date, research in this area is hindered by an inability to link individual nurses to specific patients retrospectively and at scale. Objective This study aimed to determine the feasibility of using nurse metadata from the electronic health record (EHR) to retrospectively determine nurse-patient assignments in the ICU. Methods We used EHR data from 38 ICUs in 18 hospitals from 2018 to 2020. We abstracted data on the time and frequency of nurse charting of clinical assessments and medication administration; we then used those data to iteratively develop a deterministic algorithm to identify a single ICU nurse for each patient shift. We examined the accuracy and precision of the algorithm by performing manual chart review on a randomly selected subset of patient shifts. Results The analytic data set contained 5,479,034 unique nurse-patient charting times; 748,771 patient shifts; 87,466 hospitalizations; 70,002 patients; and 8,134 individual nurses. The final algorithm identified a single nurse for 97.3% (728,533/748,771) of patient shifts. In the remaining 2.7% (20,238/748,771) of patient shifts, the algorithm either identified multiple nurses (4,755/748,771, 0.6%), no nurse (14,689/748,771, 2%), or the same nurse as the prior shift (794/748,771, 0.1%). In 200 patient shifts selected for chart review, the algorithm had a 93% accuracy (ie, correctly identifying the primary nurse or correctly identifying that there was no primary nurse) and a 94.4% precision (ie, correctly identifying the primary nurse when a primary nurse was identified). Misclassification was most frequently due to patient transitions in care location, such as ICU transfers, discharges, and admissions. Conclusions Metadata from the EHR can accurately identify individual nurse-patient assignments in the ICU. This information enables novel studies of ICU nurse staffing at the individual nurse-patient level, which may provide further insights into how nurse staffing can be leveraged to improve patient outcomes.
Galaxy Clusters Associated with Short GRBs. I. The Fields of GRBs 050709, 050724, 050911, and 051221a

We present a search for galaxy clusters in the fields of three bona fide short gamma-ray bursts (050709, 050724, and 051221a) and the putative short-burst GRB 050911, using multislit optical spectroscopy. These observations are part of a long-term program to constrain the progenitor age distribution based on the fraction of short GRBs in galaxy clusters and early-type galaxies. We find no evidence for cluster associations at the redshifts of the first three bursts, but we confirm the presence of the cluster EDCC 493 within the error circle of GRB 050911 and determine its redshift, z = 0.1646, and velocity dispersion, σ ≈ 660 km s-1. In addition, our analysis of Swift XRT observations of this burst reveals diffuse X-ray emission coincident with the optical cluster position, with luminosity LX ≈ 4.9 × 1042 ergs s-1 and temperature kT ≈ 0.9 keV. The inferred mass of the cluster is 2.5 × 1013 M☉, and the probability of chance coincidence is about 0.1%-1%, indicating an association with GRB 050911 at the 2.6-3.2 σ confidence level. A search for diffuse X-ray emission in coincidence with the 15 other short GRBs observed with XRT and Chandra reveals that, with the exception of the previously noted cluster ZwCl 1234.0+02916 likely associated with GRB 050509b, no additional associations are evident to a typical limit of 3 × 10-14 ergs s-1 cm-2, or M ≲ 5 × 1013 M☉, assuming a typical z = 0.3. The estimated fraction of short GRBs hosted by galaxy clusters of about 5%-20% is in rough agreement with the fraction of stellar mass in clusters of ~10%-20%.
New Results from the X-Ray and Optical Survey of the Chandra Deep Field-South: The 300 Kilosecond Exposure. II.

We present results from 300 ks of X-ray observations of the Chandra Deep Field-South. The field of the four combined exposures is now 0.1035 deg2, and we reach a flux limit of 10-16 ergs s-1 cm-2 in the 0.5-2 keV soft band and 10-15 ergs s-1 cm-2 in the 2-10 keV hard band, i.e., a factor of 2 fainter than the previous 120 ks exposure. The total catalog is composed of 197 sources including 22 sources detected only in the hard band, 51 only in the soft band, and 124 detected in both bands. We now have the optical spectra for 86 optical counterparts. The log N-log S relationship of the whole sample confirms the flattening with respect to the ASCA hard counts and the ROSAT soft counts. The average logarithmic slopes of the number counts are α = 0.66 ± 0.06 and α = 0.92 ± 0.12 in the soft and hard bands, respectively. Double power-law fits to the differential counts show evidence of further flattening at the very faint end to slopes of 0.5 ± 0.1 and 0.6 ± 0.2 in the soft and hard bands, respectively. We compute the total contribution to the X-ray background (XRB) in the 2-10 keV band, which now amounts to (1.45 ± 0.15) × 10-11 ergs cm-2 s-1 deg-2 (after the inclusion of the ASCA sources to account for the bright end) to a lower flux limit of 10-15 ergs s-1 cm-2. This corresponds to 60%-90% of the unresolved hard XRB, given the uncertainties on its actual value. We confirm previous findings on the average spectrum of the sources, which is well described by a power law with Γ = 1.44 ± 0.03, and the progressive hardening of the sources at lower fluxes. In particular, we find that the average spectral slope of the sources is flatter than the average for fluxes lower than 9 × 10-15 ergs s-1 cm-2 in the hard band. The hardening of the spectra is consistent with an increasing fraction of absorbed objects (NH > 1022 cm-2) at low fluxes. From 86 redshifts available at present, we find that hard sources have on average lower redshifts (z ≤ 1) than soft sources. Their typical luminosities and optical spectra show that most of these sources are obscured active galactic nuclei (AGNs), as expected by AGN population synthesis models of the XRB. We are still in the process of finding hard sources that constitute the remaining fraction of the total XRB. Most of the sources detected only in the soft band appear to be optically normal galaxies with luminosities LX ≃ 1040-1042 ergs s-1. This population appears to be a mix of normal galaxies, possibly with enhanced star formation, and galaxies with low-level nuclear activity.
A HIGH-RESOLUTION STUDY OF THE H i–H2 TRANSITION ACROSS THE PERSEUS MOLECULAR CLOUD

To investigate the fundamental principles of H2 formation in a giant molecular cloud, we derive the H i and H2 surface density (ΣH i and ΣH2) images of the Perseus molecular cloud on sub-pc scales (∼0.4 pc). We use the far-infrared data from the Improved Reprocessing of the IRAS Survey and the V-band extinction image provided by the COMPLETE Survey to estimate the dust column density image of Perseus. In combination with the H i data from the Galactic Arecibo L-band Feed Array H i Survey and an estimate of the local dust-to-gas ratio, we then derive the ΣH2 distribution across Perseus. We find a relatively uniform ΣH i∼ 6–8 M☉ pc−2 for both dark and star-forming regions, suggesting a minimum H i surface density required to shield H2 against photodissociation. As a result, a remarkably tight and consistent relation is found between ΣH2/ΣH i and ΣH i + ΣH2. The transition between the H i- and H2-dominated regions occurs at N(H i) + 2N(H2) ∼ (8–14) × 1020 cm−2. Our findings are consistent with predictions for H2 formation in equilibrium, suggesting that turbulence may not be of primary importance for H2 formation. However, the importance of a warm neutral medium for H2 shielding, an internal radiation field, and the timescale of H2 formation still remain as open questions. We also compare H2 and CO distributions and estimate the fraction of “CO-dark” gas, fDG ∼ 0.3. While significant spatial variations of fDG are found, we do not find a clear correlation with the mean V-band extinction.
Information literacy instruction in university libraries of Islamabad, Pakistan: a study of librarians' perceptions, practices, barriers, and strategies

Purpose This paper aims to measure the perceptions of librarians about information literacy (IL) instruction, their current IL practices and the problems they face while offering IL instructional programs in public and private sector university libraries in Islamabad, the capital city of Pakistan. Design/methodology/approach A quantitative research design was adopted, and a survey was carried out for this study to collect the data through an online questionnaire for the university librarians. All librarians (a total of 120) were approached to collect the data, of whom 92 (76.6%) responded to the survey. Findings The findings reveal that the librarians working in the university libraries of Islamabad are aware of the significance of IL instruction to fulfil the information needs of their library users. A majority of the librarians indicated having adequate skills to offer IL instruction. Moreover, the majority of the librarians are offering IL instruction to users at their respective universities. However, some of the barriers affecting IL instruction programs were also reported including the absence of IL instruction courses in the library and information science (LIS) curriculum, a shortage of trained library professional staff to provide IL instruction, a lack of commitment among librarians for IL instruction, a lack of training opportunities for librarians and a lack of interest from library users. These obstacles have a negative effect on IL instruction in the university libraries of Islamabad. Therefore, this study suggests that librarians are needed to take several necessary steps to overcome these obstacles to achieve the best results in IL instruction programs. Originality/value This study presents a picture of the status of IL skills, current practices and barriers to offering IL instruction in the university libraries of Islamabad. This research bridges the gap in the existing literature and will help to create awareness about the importance of IL skills among LIS professionals in Pakistan. Moreover, the findings of this study will help encourage librarians for the enhancement of IL instruction services in university libraries of Islamabad in particular and Pakistan in general.
Anxiety and variation of clinical parameters during third molar surgery

During dental appointments, patients often present anxiety and exacerbated fear, especially in surgical procedures. These reactions can promote systemic alterations, such as elevated blood pressure, fainting, and convulsions. The aim of this study was to evaluate the level of anxiety of patients during the lower third molar extraction procedure, seeking indicative parameters of possible complications and, at the same time, contributing to a safe and less uncomfortable procedure for the patient. Forty patients needing extraction of the lower third molar were selected. The study had an evaluator to monitor the systemic variables: blood pressure, oxygen saturation, respiratory and heart rate - while the same surgeon performed the surgical procedures, always using the same surgical technique for all patients. At the anamnesis and at the end of the surgery, the patients answered a visual analogue scale (VAS) questionnaire on anxiety. The results showed that for the four variables observed during the surgery, only the oxygen saturation did not present a statistically significant variation during the procedure. All the others showed changes, mainly during the use of the high-speed engine. We concluded that anxiety, fear and stress showed influences on systemic factors during the extraction procedure. It shows the importance of careful anamnesis and the knowledge of patient systemic diseases before starting any surgery to prevent risks or complications.
ON MULTIVALUED f-NONEXPANSIVE MAPS

In this paper we prove coincidence and common fixed points results for single-valued maps / and multivalued /-nonexpansive maps with star-shaped weakly compact domains in Banach spaces, which extend the theorems of [3], [6], [8] and others. Moreover weak convergence and strong convergence results for coincidence point sets have also been proved, extending a result in [1].
Symmetry restoration in mean-field approaches

The mean-field approximation based on effective interactions or density functionals plays a pivotal role in the description of finite quantum many-body systems that are too large to be treated by ab initio methods. Examples are strongly interacting atomic nuclei and mesoscopic condensed matter systems. In this approach, the linear Schrodinger equation for the exact many-body wave function is mapped onto a non-linear density-dependent one-body potential problem. This approximation, not only provides computationally very simple solutions even for systems with many particles, but due to the non-linearity, it also allows for obtaining solutions that break essential symmetries of the system, often connected with phase transitions. However, mean-field approach suffers from the drawback that the corresponding wave functions do not have sharp quantum numbers and, therefore, many results cannot be compared directly with experimental data. In this article, we discuss general group theoretical techniques to restore the broken symmetries, and provide detailed expressions on the restoration of translational, rotational, spin, isospin, parity and gauge symmetries. In order to avoid the numerical complexity of exact projection techniques, various approximation methods available in the literature are examined. We present applications of the projection methods to simple nuclear models, realistic calculations in relatively small configuration spaces, nuclear energy density functional theory, as well as in other mesoscopic systems. We also discuss applications of projection techniques to quantum statistics in order to treat the averaging over restricted ensembles with fixed quantum numbers. Further, unresolved problems in the application of the symmetry restoration methods to the energy density functional theories are highlighted.
The Role of Wave Breaking in the Development and Subseasonal Forecasts of the February 2021 Great Plains Cold Air Outbreak

The February 2021 cold air outbreak (CAO) was a high‐impact event in the South‐Central Plains of the United States. This study examines important precursors to the event that likely impacted its predictability in subseasonal forecasts. We use reanalysis to show that the CAO was facilitated by two distinct wave breaks—an East Siberian Sea anticyclonic wave break and a Labrador Sea cyclonic wave break. We also use European Center for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts and National Center for Environmental Prediction subseasonal‐to‐seasonal models to investigate the impact of the wave breaks on the forecast skill of the event at a ∼2–3 weeks lead time. Ensemble members successfully simulating these features produce more negative temperature anomalies across the Great Plains, corresponding to better positioning of anomalous ridging. These results demonstrate that successfully simulating persistent anticyclones can improve central US extreme cold forecasts at long leads.
Global Attractors in Abstract Parabolic Problems

Preface 1. Preliminary concepts 2. The abstract Cauchy problem 3. Semigroups of global solutions 4. Construction of the global attractor 5. Application of abstract results to parabolic equations 6. Examples of global attractors in parabolic problems 7. Backward uniqueness and regularity of solutions 8. Extensions 9. Appendix Bibliography Index.
Inferences from Multinomial Data: Learning About a Bag of Marbles

A new method is proposed for making inferences from multinomial data in cases where there is no prior information. A paradigm is the problem of predicting the colour of the next marble to be drawn from a bag whose contents are (initially) completely unknown. In such problems we may be unable to formulate a sample space because we do not know what outcomes are possible. This suggests an invariance principle : inferences based on observations should not depend on the sample space in which the observations and future events of interest are represented. Objective Bayesian methods do not satisfy this principle. This paper describes a statistical model, called the imprecise Dirichlet model, for drawing coherent inferences from multinomial data. Inferences are expressed in terms of posterior upper and lower probabilities. The probabilities are initially vacuous, reflecting prior ignorance, but they become more precise as the number of observations increases. This model does satisfy the invariance principle. Two sets of data are analysed in detail. In the first example one red marble is observed in six drawings from a bag. Inferences from the imprecise Dirichlet model are compared with objective Bayesian and frequentist inferences. The second example is an analysis of data from medical trials which compared two treatments for cardiorespiratory failure in newborn babies. There are two problems : to draw conclusions about which treatment is more effective and to decide when the randomized trials should be terminated. This example shows how the imprecise Dirichlet model can be used to analyse data in the form of a contingency table.
Orbital and physical parameters of the close binary system GJ 9830 (HIP 116259)

We present the complete set of physical and geometrical parameters of the visual close binary system GJ 9830 for the first time by applying Al-Wardat’s complex method. This method combines magnitude difference from speckle interferometry, synthetic spectral energy distributions of the binary components which are constructed based on grids of Kurucz blanketed models (ATLAS9), and the orbital solution using Tokovinin’s dynamical method to estimate the parameters of individual components. The analysis of the system by employing synthetic photometry resulted in the following set of parameters: Teff = 6220 ± 100 K, log g = 4.30 ± 0.12, R = 1.10 ± 0.08 R⊙for the primary component and Teff = 4870 ± 100 K, log g = 4.60 ± 0.11, R = 0.709 ± 0.07 R⊙for the secondary component. The recently published dynamical parallax from the Gaia space mission was used to calculate the total mass of the binary system as 1.75 ± 0.06 ℳ⊙, which coincides with those estimated using Al-Wardat’s method as ℳA = 1.18±0.10 ℳ⊙, ℳB = 0.75±0.08 ℳ⊙. The analysis of the system reveals that both components are characteristic of main sequence stars and have an age of around 1.4±0.50 Gyr. The evolutionary tracks and isochrones of the system’s components are discussed, and the fragmentation process is suggested as the most likely process for the formation of the system.
HARPS-N high spectral resolution observations of Cepheids I. The Baade-Wesselink projection factor of δ Cep revisited

Context. The projection factor p is the key quantity used in the Baade-Wesselink (BW) method for distance determination; it converts radial velocities into pulsation velocities. Several methods are used to determine p , such as geometrical and hydrodynamical models or the inverse BW approach when the distance is known. Aims. We analyze new HARPS-N spectra of δ Cep to measure its cycle-averaged atmospheric velocity gradient in order to better constrain the projection factor. Methods. We first apply the inverse BW method to derive p directly from observations. The projection factor can be divided into three subconcepts: (1) a geometrical effect ( p 0 ); (2) the velocity gradient within the atmosphere ( f grad ); and (3) the relative motion of the optical pulsating photosphere with respect to the corresponding mass elements ( f o−g ). We then measure the f grad value of δ Cep for the first time. Results. When the HARPS-N mean cross-correlated line-profiles are fitted with a Gaussian profile, the projection factor is p cc−g = 1.239 ± 0.034(stat . ) ± 0.023(syst . ). When we consider the different amplitudes of the radial velocity curves that are associated with 17 selected spectral lines, we measure projection factors ranging from 1.273 to 1.329. We find a relation between f grad and the line depth measured when the Cepheid is at minimum radius. This relation is consistent with that obtained from our best hydrodynamical model of δ Cep and with our projection factor decomposition. Using the observational values of p and f grad found for the 17 spectral lines, we derive a semi-theoretical value of f o−g . We alternatively obtain f o−g = 0.975 ± 0.002 or 1.006 ± 0.002 assuming models using radiative transfer in plane-parallel or spherically symmetric geometries, respectively. Conclusions. The new HARPS-N observations of δ Cep are consistent with our decomposition of the projection factor. The next step will be to measure p 0 directly from the next generation of visible interferometers. With these values in hand, it will be possible to derive f o−g directly from observations.
A Limit on the Warm Dark Matter Particle Mass from the Redshifted 21 cm Absorption Line

The recent Experiment to Detect the Global Epoch of Reionization Signature (EDGES) collaboration detection of an absorption signal at a central frequency of ν = 78 ± 1 MHz points to the presence of a significant Lyα background by a redshift of z = 18. The timing of this signal constrains the dark matter particle mass (mχ) in the warm dark matter (WDM) cosmological model. WDM delays the formation of small-scale structures, and therefore a stringent lower limit can be placed on mχ based on the presence of a sufficiently strong Lyα background due to star formation at z = 18. Our results show that coupling the spin temperature to the gas through Lyα pumping requires a minimum mass of mχ > 3 keV if atomic cooling halos dominate the star formation rate at z = 18, and mχ > 2 keV if cooling halos also form stars efficiently at this redshift. These limits match or exceed the most stringent limits cited to date in the literature, even in the face of the many uncertainties regarding star formation at high redshift.
Seismic diagnostics for transport of angular momentum in stars 2. Interpreting observed rotational splittings of slowly-rotating red giant stars

Asteroseismology with the space-borne missions CoRoT and Kepler provides a powerful mean of testing the modeling of transport processes in stars. Rotational splittings are currently measured for a large number of red giant stars and can provide stringent constraints on the rotation profiles. The aim of this paper is to obtain a theoretical framework for understanding the properties of the observed rotational splittings of red giant stars with slowly rotating cores. This allows us to establish appropriate seismic diagnostics for rotation of these evolved stars. Rotational splittings for stochastically excited dipolar modes are computed adopting a first-order perturbative approach for two $1.3 M_\odot$ benchmark models assuming slowly rotating cores. For red giant stars with slowly rotating cores, we show that the variation of the rotational splittings of $\ell=1$ modes with frequency depends only on the large frequency separation, the g-mode period spacing, and the ratio of the average envelope to core rotation rates (${\cal R}$). This leds us to propose a way to infer directly ${\cal R}$ from the observations. This method is validated using the Kepler red giant star KIC 5356201. Finally, we provide a theoretical support for the use of a Lorentzian profile to measure the observed splittings for red giant stars.