Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The study of frozen Astacus leptodactylus tail fillet quality changes.

Chemical and microbial quality changes of freshwater crayfish (Astacus leptodactylus) tail fillet were studded during storage at freezing temperature. Samples were packaged and stored in -18 ° C in the freezer after fishing, preparation and peeling in the presence of air. Quality and microbial tests were performed on frozen fillets in time zero and once every month for 6 months with one treatment including three replicates for each test period. The results showed that at the end of six-months storage in freezer, the values (Mean±SE) of thiobarbituric acid (TBARS), peroxide value (PV) and total volatile nitrogenous bases (TVB-N) had reached from 0.05±0.005 to 1.45±0.25 mg, malondialdehyde / kg; 0 to 2.2±0.30 meqO2 kg /fish fat and 11.25±. 05 to 26.6±1.40 mg per 100 g of meat, respectively. These values were within the acceptable range for use in spite of exesting significant difference with each other (p<0.05). pH value had no significant changes (p>0.05) until the end of fifth months (6.2±0.25), but this value had a significant increase (6.57±0.55) after the sixth month (p<0.05). At the same time, Total viable of bacteria (TVC) and psychrotropic bacteria (PTC) were reached from 3.49±0.01 to 6.86±0.08 log CFU/g and from 1±0.0 to 6.75±0.25 log CFU/g. , respectively. Comparison of within group parameters during test period showed significant difference with each other (p<0.05) but from the sixth month psychrotropic bacteria were on the verge of taking the risk for human consumption.
The Incidence of Salmonella , Campylobacter , and Yersinia enterocolitica in Swine Carcasses and the Slaughterhouse Environment.

This study was done to evaluate the degree of contamination of cooler-ready hog carcasses and the slaughterhouse environment by Salmonella spp. , Campylobacter spp. and Yersinia enterocolitica . Samples from diaphragms and feces were collected from 200 market hogs in a Quebec slaughterhouse. Scalding-tank water and environmental swabs were also collected in the slaughterhouse. Specimens were tested for the presence of Salmonella spp. , Y. enterocolitica , and Campylobacter spp. Salmonella spp. were isolated from 45 (10%) of 448 samples. The distribution of the isolates were slaughtering floor (8.9%), feces (80.2%), cold-room floor (4.4%), and diaphragms (6.7%). Campylobacter spp. were isolated from 247 (61.7%) of 400 specimens, and C. coli , C. jejuni , and C. laridis accounted for 97%, 2%, and 1% of isolates, respectively. Ninety-nine percent of fecal samples were positive for the presence of C. coli . Y. enterocolitica was found in 42 (9.3%) of the 448 specimens. Of these, 85.7%, 11.9%, and 2.4% of the isolates came from fecal, diaphragm, and cold-room floor samples, respectively. Neither Salmonella spp. nor Y. enterocolitica were isolated from scalding-tank water.
Combined burning and mowing for restoration of abandoned semi‐natural grasslands

Questions Does reintroducing grassland management aid in the recovery of vegetation with high grassland species diversity in abandoned semi-natural grasslands? How do management tools and local topographic factors influence the magnitude of recovery? Do effective restoration tools and sites differ depending on measurement indices (community- and species-level responses)? Location Semi-natural grasslands surrounding Mt. Aso, Kumamoto Prefecture, Japan. Methods We conducted vegetation surveys in grassland sites with two land-use forms (continuously managed/restored after abandonment) and two management types (burning only/burning and mowing). We assessed restoration success by examining plant species composition using the similarity index. We also examined the community-level (i.e. species richness) and species-level (i.e. species occurrence) responses to land-use form, management type and local topographic factors (elevation and slope aspect). Results Reintroduction of grassland management can recover the plant species composition of restored sites. Combined burning and mowing management was a principal determinant of the species richness and occurrence of most grassland species. A north-facing slope was a clear topographic determinant of higher species richness. However, we also found that the presence of some of the grassland's endangered species (i.e. Achillea alpina subsp. subcartilaginea, Artemisia stolonifera and Viola orientalis) was limited in continuously managed sites and that the response to topographic factors was species-specific. Conclusions The reintroduction of combined burning and mowing management in various topographic areas is essential for both plant diversity recovery and local endangered species conservation for the restoration of abandoned semi-natural grasslands. Our results also suggest that selecting restoration sites on northern slopes can enhance the recovery of plant species diversity.
Maternal control of seed development mediated by the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway

Many plants exhibit post-zygotic barriers to hybridisation and failure of crosses is frequently associated with abnormal endosperm development. The “triploid block” is one such example that results from intraspecific crosses between diploid and tetraploid plants. Here, paternal excess usually leads to severe endosperm over-proliferation, failure of cellularisation and consequent arrest of embryo development. Most ecotypes of Arabidopsis thaliana tolerate 2xX4x crosses which result in enlarged viable seeds, however the Columbia (Col-0) ecotype exhibits a classic triploid block. Previous work suggested that some genes involved in regulation of the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway (FBP) could act as maternal modifiers of the Col4x-mediated triploid block, re-imposing a normal (balanced) developmental programme on the endosperm. The FBP operates in a specialised maternal layer of the seed coat, the endothelium, which lies adjacent to the endosperm. This study set out to understand the role of the FBP and its products in the regulation of seed development following 2xX4x crosses. To this end, a collection of FBP mutants was assembled to test their effect on alleviating the triploid block. Both light and confocal microscopy was utilised to assess the effects of FBP mutations on seed development and biochemical analysis (ESI–LC–MS/MS) was used to determine if particular products of the FBP were significant. In addition, a potential link between the hormone auxin and the FBP was investigated in seeds by utilising FBP mutants carrying the fluorescent auxin “response” reporter DR5rev::GFP. This work revealed that many (though not all) mutations of the FBP lead to alleviation of the triploid block and that, in particular, perturbations to the pathway that result in a reduction of proanthocyanidins or affect normal vacuolar biogenesis in the endothelium are associated with ‘rescue’ from Col4x-induced seed lethality. Preliminary evidence is presented that does suggest a potential link between auxin transport and products of the FBP though how this may operate is unclear.
ONE MORE ALBINARIA G&N-TYPE SPECIES PAIR FROM THE PELOPONNESE, ONCE MORCTATING A REVISED DEFINITION OF ALBINARIA AND ISABELLARIA (GASTROPODA PULMO NATA : CLAUSILIIDAE)

or G-type (Nordsieck, 1978) clausilial apparatus (= GA). In doing so, some doubt about the correctness of this classification was expressed, however, by questioning the status of Isabellaria as a 'good' genus next to Albinaria Vest, 1867. Later on, referring to morphological, molecularand biogeographical data on a small group ofspecies, various authors (Gittenberger, 1994; Schilthuizen et ah, 1995; Gittenberger & Schilthuizen, 1996; Douris et ah, 1998) argued that the two types of CA indicated as N(= Normal) and G-type by Nordsieck (1978) are not diagnostic for separate genera per se. Using molecular data, i.e. sequences of ITS1&2 rDNA from many more species, Ms. C. van Moorsel (personal communication) largely confirmed these views in far more detail. Therefore, the so-called Isabellaria species of the Peloponnese which have vicariant, very similar, Albinaria counterparts should be classified with Albinaria. Only in the NE. Peloponnese the genus Isabellaria, in a revised sense, is represented indeed, without similar, N-type CA species. The consequences this should have for the nomenclature of the clausiliid species in question are summarized. In this paper, one more clausiliid species from the SE. Peloponnese, with a G-type CA, is described as new to science. Exemplifying once more our views, it is classified with Albinaria, next to A. grayana (L. Pfeiffer, 1846), which is obviously its vicariant, very similar counterpart with an N-type CA. This species pair can easily be recognized by the presence of various characters which are unique among clausiliids from the Pelo-
EVALUATION OF THE DISK DIFFUSION METHOD FOR TESTING FLUCONAZOLE SUSCEPTIBILITY OF

Cryptococcus laurentii is a rare human pathogen ubiquitous in nature. This study aims to evaluate the disk diffusion method for testing fluconazole susceptibility of C. laurentii, and moreover, to assess the minimal fungicidal concentration (MFC) by the broth microdilution method. Eleven isolates of environmental C. laurentii complex were employed to determine the susceptibility to fluconazole by disk diffusion and by broth microdilution methods according to CLSI (Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute) guidelines and to determine the MFC by broth microdilution technique. The disk diffusion method indicated four susceptible, three susceptible-dose dependent and four resistant isolates while by the broth microdilution method 10 isolates were defined as susceptible and one susceptible-dose dependent. The agreement between the methods was 36.4%. One isolate showed MFC of 8 µg/mL and two of 64 µg/mL. Although only a small number of isolates were studied, results suggested that the disk diffusion method was not adequate to determine in vitro susceptibility to fluconazole for C. laurentii isolates, and that fluconazole, while it is a fungistatic antifungal, may present in vitro fungicidal activity for some isolates.
Caractérisation bioinformatique des nouvelles protéines mitochondriales chez les moules d’eau douce (Bivalvia : Unionoida)

2 Table des matières . 3 Liste des tableaux . 5 Liste des figures . 8 Liste des abréviations et sigles . 9 Remerciements . 11 Chapitre 1 : Introduction générale . 13 Section 1.1 : La mitochondrie et son génome . 13 Section 1.2 : La double transmission uniparentale . 14 Section 1.3 : Les moules d’eau douce (Unionoida) . 16 Section 1.4 : Nouveautés et nouveaux gènes . 18 Section 1.5 : Objectifs et hypothèses . 22 Chapitre 2 : In silico analyses of mitochondrial ORFans in freshwater mussels (Bivalvia: Unionoida) provide framework for future studies of their origin and function. 23 Section 2.1: Introduction . 23 Section 2.2: Materials and methods . 26 Section 2.2.1: Sequences used in the analyses . 26 Section 2.2.2: Analyses of ORFan sequences and protein secondary structures . 30 Section 2.2.3: Functional analyses of ORFan proteins . 30 Section 2.3: Results . 31 Section 2.3. 1: Rate of evolution of ORFan genes and proteins . 31 Section 2.3. 2: Conserved structures in ORFan protein sequences . 40
Co‐existence of distinct Ostreococcus ecotypes at an oceanic front

Western boundary currents support high primary production and carbon export. Here, we performed a survey of photosynthetic picoeukaryotes in the North Pacific Ocean in four transects crossing the Kuroshio Front. Prasinophyte algae comprised 85% of 18S rRNA gene sequences for photosynthetic taxa in the <5 μm size fraction. The picoplanktonic (<2 μm) genera Micromonas and Ostreococcus comprised 30% and 51% of the total photosynthetic 18S rDNA sequences from five stations. Phylogenetic analysis showed that two Ostreococcus ecotypes, until now rarely found to co‐occur, were both present in the majority of samples. Ostreococcus ecotype OI reached 6,830 ± 343 gene copies mL−1, while Ostreococcus ecotype OII reached 50,190 ± 971 gene copies mL−1 based on qPCR analysis of the 18S rRNA gene. These values are higher than in studies of other oceanographic regions by a factor of 10 for OII. The data suggest that meso‐ and finer‐scale physical dynamics had a significant impact on the populations at the front, either by mingling ecotypes from different source regions at fine scales (∼10s km) or by stimulating their growth through vertical nutrient injections. We investigate this hypothesis with an idealized diffusion‐reaction model, and find that only a combination of mixing and positive net growth can explain the observed distributions and overlap of the two Ostreococcus ecotypes. Our field observations support larger‐scale numerical ocean simulations that predict enhanced biodiversity at western boundary current fronts, and suggest a strategy for systematically testing that hypothesis.
Recent decline of an endangered, endemic rodent: does exclusion of disturbance play a role for Hastings River mouse (Pseudomys oralis)?

Abstract Context. The role of disturbance and its exclusion is fundamental to the conservation of threatened species. Aims. We used the habitat accommodation model as a framework to investigate the importance of forest disturbance for the endangered Hastings River mouse, Pseudomys oralis, focusing on timber harvesting. Methods. Our study comprised two separate surveys. We resurveyed old survey sites (n = 24) where the species was originally recorded as either present (logging excluded) or absent (subsequently logged). A second survey targeted trapping in high-quality habitat stratified by different times since logging. Finally, we analysed a 15-year trapping dataset targeting P. oralis to assess associations with co-occurring species. Key results. The resurvey of old sites resulted in 12 P. oralis individuals being trapped, compared with 46 individuals in original surveys. Substantial declines were observed over time in transects where logging was excluded (60–82% decline), whereas there was little change at transects where P. oralis was not previously trapped and that were subsequently logged. The second survey yielded 27 P. oralis captures at post-logging sites assessed as high quality. Occupancy was very high (ψ = 0.93 ± 0.21) in transects logged 7–15 years ago and was 60% less in transects where logging was excluded for 35–45 years (ψ = 0.37 ± 0.22), whereas occupancy in transects logged 2–6 years ago was intermediate. This pattern of higher occupancy in logged areas was mirrored for the mean number of P. oralis trapped per transect. Ordination of habitat data showed an association of P. oralis with heath, mat-rushes and logs, whereas rats (Rattus and Melomys) were associated with ferns and shrubs. Camera traps revealed low background levels of predator presence. A negative exponential relationship was found between probability of occupancy of P. oralis and rat abundance from a 15-year trapping dataset (44 275 trap-nights), suggesting that rats may compete with P. oralis. Conclusions. Our results supported the habitat accommodation model and suggested that disturbance is likely to influence the persistence of P. oralis. However, an interaction between predation and loss of cover from high-frequency disturbance (fire or intense grazing) cannot be excluded as a key threat. Implications. Disturbance should be incorporated into the management of some species. Adaptive monitoring is recommended to assess alternative management regimes.
QUANTITATIVE ASSESSMENT OF FATTY ACID PROFILE AND NUTRITIONAL STATUS OF GENETICALLY MALE TILAPIA (Oreochromis niloticus Linnaeus, 1758)

The study identified fatty acid profile and nutrient contents of Genetically Male Tilapia with a view to provide nutritional data for dietary planning. Fatty acid methyl esters were determined by gas chromatograph and were identified using retention time in comparison with an external standard (Supelco TM 37 component FAME Mix). Nutrient contents were determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The major saturated fatty acids (28.20%) were palmitic and myristic acids. Oleic a cid was the prominent monounsaturated (16.24%) while dominant polyunsaturated (50.77%) was of ω-6 series and was found chiefly in linoleic fatty acid. The prominent essential fatty acids were C18:3n-3 (27.43%) and C18:2n-6 (23.33%) with a mean free fatty acid component of 0.92%. The mean value of ω3/ ω-6 ratio of 1:1.13 was within the recommended daily intake of EPA and DHA needed for normal human health. Mean values for nutritional attributes were: moisture 71.13%, protein 16.90%, lipid 6.17%, carbohydrate 0.38% and calorie 6.50kJ/g. High mineral contents were observed. The significance of this study was its revelation that GMT is a good source of essential fatty acids and the fish belongs to highprotein, low- oil category.
Faunistic and anatomical data on the Antarctic Opisthobranchia (Mollusca, Gastropoda) in the collections of the Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences

Five opisthobranch species were collected during the Belgian and Belgian-Dutch Antarctica expeditions to the Riiser-Larsen Sea, the Princess Ragnhild Coast (" Mi ssio n Iris " ) (1960-1967) and Admiralty Bay (King George Island) (1987-1991). These species include Philine alata THI ELE, 1912, Bathyberthella antarctica WILLAN & BERTSCH, 1987, Notaeolidia gigas EUOT, 1905, Aegires ( Anaegires) albus THIELE, 1912 and Austrodoris kerguelenensis BERGH, 1884. This material is deposited in the Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences. The present con­ tribution pro vides anatomical and faunistic data on this collec­ tion and extends the distributional range of several species.
Repetition of Hydrogen Peroxide Treatment Induces a Chilling Tolerance Comparable to Cold Acclimation in Mung Bean

Mungbeanseedlings(VignaradiataL.)ofthecultivarTainanNo.5(achilling-sensitivecultivar)pretreated with multiple sprays of 200 mM H2O2 showed a tolerance to chilling at 4 8C for 36 h, measured by electrolyte leakage, that was greater than that induced by a single treatment and similar to that induced by cold-acclimation at 10 8C for 48h.TwoH2O2treatmentsatanintervalof3hgavetheoptimumchillingtolerance. ToleranceinducedbyH2O2could be distinguished from that induced by acclimation at 10 8C according to length at 4 8C and corresponding electrolyte leakage. Chilling tolerance induced by H2O2 depended on accumulation of glutathione (GSH), which could be significantly reversed by pretreatment with buthionine sulfoximine (BSO). In contrast, tolerance induced by incubation at 10 8C for 48 h in light was neither accompanied by accumulation of GSH nor reversed by BSO, suggesting that there are at least two independent mechanisms of developing chilling tolerance. Chilling tolerance of both cold-acclimated and H2O2-treated seedlings was decreased by ethyleneglycol-bis(aminoethylether)-N,N#-tetra- acetic acid (EGTA) but not by ruthenium red, indicating that the influx of Ca 2+ from extracellular, but not intracellular, pools is an important signal in the induction of tolerance. In confirmation, sprays of Ca 2+ could be substituted for H2O2.
Effect of Chitosan on the Formation of Heterocyclic Aromatic Amines and Some Quality Properties of Meatball

Effect of the usage of chitosan (0.25, 0.50, 0.75 and 1%, w/w) on the formation of heterocyclic aromatic amines (HCAs) and some quality properties of meatball was investigated. Meatballs were cooked with hot plate at three different temperatures (150, 200 and 250C). pH and TBARS values increased with addition of chitosan, while cooking losses decreased. While no changes in L* values determined with chitosan addition, a* and b* values increased. Cooking caused a decrease in water content, L*, a* and b* values, while it increased pH and TBARS values. While 7,8-DiMeIQx, 4,8-DiMeIQx and MeAαC were not detected; varying amounts of IQx (up to 0.12 ng/g), IQ (up to 1.34 ng/g), MeIQx (up to 0.09 ng/g), MeIQ (<0.047 ng/g), PhIP (up to 2.66 ng/g) and AαC (up to 0.84 ng/g) were detected. While total HCA content ranged between 0.09 and 5.05 ng/g, adding chitosan decreased (20.00–59.80%) total HCA content. Practical Applications Heterocyclic aromatic amines (HCAs) are mutagenic and/or carcinogenic compounds that are formed during cooking of proteinaceous foods such as meat and fish. To date, various additives such as butylated hydroxyanisole, butylated hydroxytoluene, propyl gallate, tertiary butylhydroquinone, flavonoids and vitamins C and E, cherry, polyphenolic compounds from tea, spices, oligosaccharides and inulin and olive oil have been investigated for the inhibition of HCAs in meat and meat products. However, to the best of our knowledge, the effect of chitosan on the formation of HCAs in meatball has not been investigated in the literature. The present study was, therefore, undertaken in an attempt to investigate the effect of chitosan usage in the production of meatball on some quality criteria of meatballs and the formation of HCAs.
Combining essential oils and olive extract for control of multi-drug resistant Salmonella enterica on organic leafy greens

Organic fresh produce sales have been increasing in recent years and ensuring safety of produce is important. We investigated the combined antimicrobial effects of plant essential oils and olive extract against Salmonella on organic leafy greens. Organic baby spinach, mature spinach, romaine lettuce, and iceberg lettuce were inoculated with antibiotic-resistant Salmonella Newport and dip-treated in phosphate buffered saline, 3.0% hydrogen peroxide, 0.1% cinnamon leaf oil and 3.0% olive extract or 0.1% oregano oil and 3.0% olive extract combination treatments. Leaves were sampled on days 0, 1, and 3 for enumeration of survivors. Treatment with both antimicrobials induced reductions in Salmonella population of up to 3.5-4 logs, 3-logs and 3-4.4 logs CFU/g on baby spinach, mature spinach and romaine lettuce, respectively. Cinnamon leaf oil and olive extract treatment yielded about 3.0 logs, while oregano oil and olive extract treatment yielded about 3.5 logs CFU/g reduction on iceberg lettuce. Compared to previously reported treatments with individual antimicrobials, the combination treatments had greater antimicrobial effect. The results showed that combination treatments involving essential oils and olive extract are a potential option for use in the wash water for organic leafy greens.
Tree Root Spread in Relation to Branch Dripline and Harvestable Root Ball

Ninety-one percent to 95% of field-grown 3-year-old root systems of Gleditsia triacanthos L. , Populus × generosa A. Henry, and Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marsh were outside of the harvestable root ball. Seventy-seven percent of the Populus root system was growing beyond the branch dripline, whereas 59% and 54% were outside of the Gleditsia and Fraxinus driplines, respectively. Root spread to branch spread ratios are discussed.
A new species of Rhynchocalamus (Reptilia: Serpentes: Colubridae) from Turkey

A snake species new to science, Rhynchocalamus barani n. sp . , is described from Turkey. It differs from other Rhynchocalamus species in having higher numbers of dorsalia (17 instead of 15) and lower number of ventralia (163–173 instead of 180–240) and upper labials in contact with eye (1 instead of 2) and by a characteristic color-pattern of the body.