Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Practical Guidance on the Use of Cladribine Tablets in the Management or Relapsing Multiple Sclerosis: Expert Opinion from Qatar

Abstract The increasing availability of high-efficacy disease-modifying therapies (DMT) for the management of relapsing multiple sclerosis (RMS) has increased the potential for individualised patient management but has added complexity to the design of treatment regimens. The long-term application of immune reconstitution therapy (IRT) is supported by an increasing database of real world studies that have added important information on the long-term safety and efficacy of this approach. Cladribine tablets (CladT) is an IRT given as two annual short courses of treatment, following which a majority of patients then demonstrate no significant MS disease activity over a period of years. Whether, and how, to treat patients beyond the first two years of treatment remains a matter for debate, as clinical evidence accumulates. We, a group of neurologists who manage people with RMS in Qatar, provide our expert consensus recommendations on the application and long-term management of CladT therapy based on our experience with treatment in the last 5 years. These include pragmatic recommendations for people with MS disease activity in years 3 and 4 (ie up to four years following first dose of CladT), and for people with or without MS disease activity in subsequent years. We believe our recommendations will help to ensure the optimal application of CladT-based IRT, with the potential benefit for the patient of achieving prolonged periods free of both MS disease symptoms and the burden of regular applications of immunosuppressive DMT.
o be or not to be in social media : How brand loyalty is affected by social media ?

There is an ongoing debate over the activities of brands and companies in social media. Some researchers believe social media provide a unique opportunity for brands to foster their relationships with customers, while others believe the contrary. Taking the perspective of the brand community building plus the brand trust and loyalty literatures, our goal is to show how brand communities based on social media influence elements of the customer centric model (i.e., the relationships among focal customer and brand, product, company, and other customers) and brand loyalty. A survey-based empirical study with 441 respondents rand loyalty ustomer centric model was conducted. The results of structural equation modeling show that brand communities established on social media have positive effects on customer/product, customer/brand, customer/company and customer/other customers relationships, which in turn have positive effects on brand trust, and trust has positive effects on brand loyalty. We find that brand trust has a fully mediating role in converting the effects of enhanced relationships in brand community to brand loyalty. The implications for marketing practice and future research are discussed. © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Effect of lactate supplementation on V̇O2peak and onset of blood lactate accumulation: A double-blind, placebo-controlled trial

Background: Professional and recreational athletes use ergogenic aids to enhance aerobic performance, facilitate training adaptations, and reduce recovery time. While the ergogenic effect of commonly marketed and commercially available ergogenic aids (i.e., sodium bicarbonate and β-alanine) have been investigated extensively, the effectiveness of lactate supplementation on aerobic capacity markers (i.e., VO2peak and the onset blood lactate accumulation) has not been thoroughly investigated. Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of lactate supplementation on VO2peak and the onset blood lactate accumulation (OBLA). Methods: Eighteen healthy individuals (14 men and 4 women, age: 24 ± 5 years, height: 171 ± 7 cm, body mass: 76 ± 17 kg) participated in a double-blind-placebo-controlled study and were randomly assigned to one of 2 groups: placebo (PLA, n = 8), or supplement (SUP, n = 10) consisting of a combination of magnesium lactate dihydrate and calcium lactate monohydrate. Prior to and following supplementation, participants performed a cycling graded exercise test to determine VO2peak, time to exhaustion, power output, VO2 and % VO2peak associated with OBLA. Results: There were no statistically significant differences between PLA and SUP in direct markers of aerobic capacity (all p > .05). Heart rate at OBLA was reduced by 6 ± 6% in the PLA group post-supplementation compared to pre-supplementation (p = .03). Conclusions: Lactate supplementation did not present an advantage over a placebo in improving aerobic capacity. The results from this study support those by previous investigators suggesting that there is no physiological rationale for using lactate supplementation to improve aerobic capacity and/or performance.
Reduced Graphene Oxide/Organic Dye Composites for Bioelectroconversion of Saccharides: Application for Detection of Saccharides and α-Amylase Assessments

In this study, PQQ-dependent glucose dehydrogenase (PQQ-GDH) was immobilized onto reduced graphene oxide (rGO) modified with organic dyes from three different classes (acridine, arylmethane, and diazo); namely, neutral red (NR), malachite green (MG), and congo red (CR) formed three types of biosensors. All three rGO/organic dye composites were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and Raman spectroscopy. The impact of three rGO/organic dye modifications employed in bioelectrocatalytic systems on changes in enzyme activity and substrate selectivity was investigated. The highest sensitivity of 39 µA/cm2 was obtained for 1 mM of glucose when a rGO_MG/PQQ-GDH biosensor was used. A significant improvement in the electrochemical response of biosensors was attributed to the higher amount of pyrrolic nitrogen groups on the surface of the rGO/organic dye composites. Modifications of rGO by NR and MG not only improved the surfaces for efficient direct electron transfer (DET) but also influenced the enzyme selectivity through proper binding and orientation of the enzyme. The accuracy of the biosensor’s action was confirmed by the spectrophotometric analysis. Perspectives for using the proposed bioelectrocatalytic systems operating on DET principles for total or single monosaccharide and/or disaccharide determination/bioconversion systems or for diagnoses have been presented through examples of bioconversion of D-glucose, D-xylose, and maltose.
Prevalence, distribution and epidemiological risk factors of foot-and-mouth disease among the cattle population of Bangladesh: A meta-analysis

Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is a devastating viral infection of cloven-hoofed animals. The disease turned into an endemic in Bangladesh causing prodigious impairment to the nation’s economy and livestock population. For further usage, developing a detailed summary of the disease condition in Bangladesh is imperative. Hence, this study identified the prevalence of FMD among cattle populations accompanying by potential risk factors and climatic variables. Using the Jamvoi 1.2. 27 software, the authors analysed 30 studies for estimating the random model effect function. Based on the meta-analysis, the overall pooled prevalence of FMD was 25% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 15-35%). The research professed a significant difference between the prevalence rate of males (33%, CI: 22-45%) and females (26%, CI: 14-39%). Moreover, the study reported a noteworthy line of the tendency for the increasing rate of prevalence in adult and old animals than in young individuals. Furthermore, the results showed high prevalence rates in dry season compared to wet season. Thus, this study will permit the government to implement an immediate control program. Moreover, each data gathered will help the prevention of FMD.
Remains of Clidastes Cope, 1868, an unexpected mosasaur in the upper Campanian of NW Germany

Abstract The mosasaurine Clidastes sp. is recognised from cranial and post-cranial remains collected at four localities in NW Germany. Cranial material was found in pelagic turbiditic marls which crop out near the village of Beckum, while post-cranial skeletal elements were collected from sandy limestones exposed near the villages of Schöppingen, Coesfeld and Billerbeck. In stratigraphic order, the units producing these specimens of Clidastes are the Coesfeld, Baumberge and Beckum formations of late Campanian (Late Cretaceous) age. The cranial material comprises the anterior part of a skull and a single isolated tooth, while post-cranial bones comprise a few isolated vertebrae and a partial skeleton including forelimb bones and an articulated vertebral column. Clidastes is known to date from the western North Sea Basin (England), southern Sweden, as well as from North America (Western Interior Seaway and Gulf Coast).
Culinary capital and conceptualisations of school mealtime

This paper presents ethnographic work conducted to investigate how notions of culinary capital have the potential to shape the everyday experiences of children during mealtime in school. Children's early experiences with mealtimes and food are critical determinants for eating behaviour over the life course. The paper presents an account of conceptual debates based on longstanding ethnographic work on school food with a particular focus on a case study of Maple Field Academy to frame the research. Research methods used included semi‐structured interviews, fieldnotes and photographs with the aim of capturing a rich picture of the school. This paper introduces Laird's sensory theory to frame the discussion. This research calls for the need to recognise the social good that can be realised from participating in mealtimes and school is a microcosm of society, which means it can function as a driver for social change. The paper calls for more engagement with social theorising on studies which focus on researching food in school.
Ultrasound Evaluation of Neonatal Hip Joint Problems”

Background: The assessment in neonates, such as developmental hip dislocation (DDH) and septic hip arthritis, is very important from a clinical standpoint. In this regard, ultrasound imaging has shown to be invaluable due to the fact that it allows for assessment without the use of ionising radiation. The purpose of this research was to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonography in the diagnosis of DDH and septic hip arthritis in neonates. Methods: Newborns at Benha University Hospital and other private facilities were analysed using a comparative cross-sectional research methodology. The study population was subjected to in-depth interviews, physical exams, and ultrasound assessments. The ultrasound evaluation looked at the shape of the hip, the location of the femoral head, and the strength of the hip joint. The degree of irregularity was determined by a combination of measurements and visual inspections, such as measuring alpha and beta angles. Patients who had favourable ultrasonography results were monitored and referred to specialists as needed. Conclusions Both the positive and negative predictive capacities of ultrasonography were quite high (80% and 100%, respectively). In addition, a high area under the curve (AUC=0.949) and associated 92% diagnostic accuracy rate were found when employing ROC curve analysis to differentiate DDH from normal findings using hip ultrasonography. Furthermore, a positive family history (p=0.007), oligohydramnios (p=0.003), and caesarean section (p=0.008) were all significantly associated with an increased risk of DDH incidence, as determined by the study's analysis into probable DDH causes based on the analysed data. We conclude that ultrasound is a useful and non-invasive method for assessing hip joint issues in neonates, especially DDH. The clinical examination of newborns with suspected hip abnormalities benefits greatly from its accuracy and its capacity to detect related risk factors.
Molecular docking studies on α-amylase inhibitory peptides from milk of different farm animals.

Milk derived peptides have emerged as a popular mean to manage various lifestyle disorders such as diabetes. Fermentation is being explored as one of the faster and efficient way of producing peptides with antidiabetic potential. Therefore, in this study an attempt was made to comparatively investigate the α-amylase (AA) inhibitory properties of peptides derived from milk of different farm animals through probiotic fermentation. Peptide's identification was carried out using LC-MS-QTOF and inhibition mechanism were characterized molecular docking. Results obtained showed an AA-IC50 value between 2.39 and 36.1 µg protein equivalent for different fermented samples. Overall, Pediococcus pentosaceus MF000957 (PPe) derived fermented milk from all animals indicated higher AA inhibition than other probiotic derived fermented milk (AA-IC50 values of 6.01, 3.53, 15.6 and 10.8 µg protein equivalent for bovine, camel, goat and sheep fermented milk). Further, molecular docking analysis indicated that camel milk derived peptide IMEQQQTEDEQQDK and goat milk derived peptide DQHQKAMKPWTQPK were the most potent AA inhibitory peptides. Overall, the study concluded that fermentation derived peptides may prove useful in for managing diabetes via inhibition of carbohydrate digesting enzyme AA.
Organic carbon transport in the Songhua River, NE China: Influence of land use

Carbon transported by rivers is an important component of the global carbon cycle. Here, we report on organic carbon transport along the third largest river in China, the Songhua River, and its major tributaries. Water samples were collected seasonally or more frequently to determine dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and particulate organic carbon (POC) concentrations and C/N and stable carbon isotopic ratios. Principal component analysis and multiple regression analysis of these data, in combination with hydrological records for the past 50 years, were used to determine the major factors influencing the riverine carbon fluxes. Results indicate that the organic carbon in the Songhua River basin is derived mainly from terrestrial sources. In the 2008–2009 hydrological year, the mean concentrations of DOC and POC were 5.87 and 2.36 mg/L, and the estimated fluxes of the DOC and POC were 0.30 and 0.14 t·km−2·year−1, respectively. The riverine POC and DOC concentrations were higher in subcatchments with more cropland, but the area‐specific fluxes were lower, owing to decreased discharge. We found that hydrological characteristics and land‐use type (whether forest or cropland) were the most important factors influencing carbon transport in this system. Agricultural activity, particularly irrigation, is the principal cause of changes in water discharge and carbon export. Over the last 50 years, the conversion of forest to cropland has reduced riverine carbon exports mainly through an associated decrease in discharge following increased extraction of water for irrigation.
Risks and Benefits of Propofol and Midazolam for Sedation during Upper Gastrointestinal Endoscopy in Egyptian Cirrhotic Patients

Background : Upper gastrointestinal (GI) endoscopy, either diagnostic or therapeutic, is frequently performed under conscious sedation in cirrhotic patients. The standard agent, on the other hand, is not yet well established. Objective: Comparison between propofol and midazolam for conscious sedation during upper GI endoscopy in patients with liver cirrhosis in terms of safety and effectiveness. Patients and methods: Sixty cirrhotic (Child-Pugh A or B) patients, at Al-Azhar University Hospitals' Endoscopy Unit, were included in the study and randomly assigned to either propofol group (30 patients) or midazolam group (30 patients). Patients aged 18 to 65 years with known chronic liver disease who presented for upper GI endoscopy for routine variceal screening or banding were eligible. Patients with advanced or decompensated liver disease (Child score >10) were excluded. Sedation was administered by an anesthesiologist. Results : Our results observed clearly that the recovery time, patient satisfaction, and the incidences of hypoxia differ significantly between groups. Conclusions: propofol is safe and effective when compared to midazolam for sedation during upper GI endoscopy in cirrhotic patients
The Effect of Two Years of Secukinumab Treatment on Bone Metabolism in Patients with Radiographic Axial Spondyloarthritis: Results from Daily Clinical Practice

Background Our objective was to explore bone-related outcome and bone turnover markers (BTM) during 2 years of secukinumab treatment in patients with radiographic axial spondyloarthritis (r-axSpA) in daily clinical practice. Methods Included were consecutive r-axSpA outpatients from the Groningen Leeuwarden axSpA (GLAS) cohort treated with secukinumab for 2 years. At baseline and 2 years, spinal radiographic damage was assessed using the modified Stoke Ankylosing Spondylitis Spinal Score (mSASSS; 0–72), cervical facet joint involvement according the “de Vlam” scoring method (0–15) and radiographic vertebral fractures (VF) using the “Genant” method (grade 0–3). At all visits, BTM reflecting collagen resorption (serum type I collagen C-telopeptide; sCTX), collagen formation (procollagen type 1 N-terminal peptide; PINP) and bone mineralization (bone-specific alkaline phosphatase; BALP) were measured and expressed in Z-scores to correct for the normal influence of age and gender. Results 17 r-axSpA patients were included; 53% male, mean age was 47±15 years, mean Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Score (ASDAS) 3.9±1.2, and 53% was biological naïve. The median 2-year progression rates were 1.1 for mSASSS and 0.5 for facet joints, which was less than the smallest detectable change. One traumatic VF (grade 3) occurred. Serum levels of sCTX and PINP remained stable during secukinumab treatment and BALP decreased significantly after 2 years, with median 0–2 year change in Z-scores of +0.1, −0.4, and −1.2, respectively. Conclusion This explorative study of r-axSpA patients treated with secukinumab in daily clinical practice showed low radiographic spinal progression during 2 years of follow-up. Collagen resorption and formation markers remained stable, whereas mineralization marker BALP decreased significantly after 2 years. Our results are in line with the results of in vitro studies demonstrating that inhibition of IL17-A resulted in suppression of osteogenic differentiation with significant decrease in mineralization.
TOWARD DATA LAKES FOR CRISIS MANAGEMENT

Abstract. The content of the data lake comes (is filled) from different sources, and different users (experts in various fields) of the same data can download and analyse the same data for their (different) needs and analysis. Big Data about the human environment and the effect of natural and human-caused disasters (in this case: heat islands, earthquakes and lava flows, and landmine contamination) on that environment have been available to many people for years and are the subject of discussions, but there are still numerous research challenges in the form of structuring and storing data and analysis results. This implies certain requirements for efficient integration, access and querying of the various data in the data repository for the described purpose. Data lakes and data warehouses are offered as solutions to this problem. Well-designed data lakes can be a basic building block for different solutions in the analysis of the effects of disasters on the environment, and high-quality data warehouses for modelling future potential disasters in the same area. This paper presents certain personal observations and certain proposals for the creation of efficient data lakes and data warehouses (based on many years of work on problems in areas: humanitarian demining, heat islands and volcanic activity) for the needs of decision-making in crisis based on examples from practice. The goal is to influence the development of a unique framework for the creation and maintenance of a data lake, in terms of its better utilization so that it does not become a data swamp.
TikTok/Flipgrid for Foreign Language Learning in Higher Education: A Case Study

The interweaving of in-person and online teaching at the university level requires the implementation of new resources that allow the coexistence of these two forms of education. To that end, we addressed the incorporation of TikTok and FlipGrid at the university for speaking practice in the foreign language classroom. We compared the results of this teaching experience in three courses, in two foreign languages, English B2 and Italian A2, in engineering degrees. The methodological design of this research comprised a classroom intervention, an analysis through surveys, and feedback sessions. The results indicate that the use of short videos for speaking practice is motivating and enriching in all the study groups and in both languages, although the participants do not consider the use of TikTok appropriate at university. In FlipGrid, on the other hand, there have been no doubts about its suitability for academic purposes. Besides, the comparison between languages, and therefore levels, indicates that Italian A2 learners view TikTok with a more positive attitude than those of English B2. Our findings bring to the fore the potential of short video recording and the need to link the academic and social contexts for a more well-rounded educational experience.
Risk Assessment of Psychotropic Drugs on Mitochondrial Function Using In Vitro Assays

Mitochondria are potential targets responsible for some drug- and xenobiotic-induced organ toxicities. However, molecular mechanisms of drug-induced mitochondrial toxicities are mostly unknown. Here, multiple in vitro assays were used to investigate the effects of 22 psychotropic drugs on mitochondrial function. The acute extracellular flux assay identified inhibitors of the electron transport chain (ETC), i.e., aripiprazole, phenytoin, and fluoxetine, an uncoupler (reserpine), substrate inhibitors (quetiapine, carbamazepine, buspirone, and tianeptine), and cytotoxic compounds (chlorpromazine and valproic acid) in HepG2 cells. Using permeabilized HepG2 cells revealed minimum effective concentrations of 66.3, 6730, 44.5, and 72.1 µM for the inhibition of complex-I-linked respiration for quetiapine, valproic acid, buspirone, and fluoxetine, respectively. Assessing complex-II-linked respiration in isolated rat liver mitochondria revealed haloperidol is an ETC inhibitor, chlorpromazine is an uncoupler in basal respiration and an ETC inhibitor under uncoupled respiration (IC50 = 135 µM), while olanzapine causes a mild dissipation of the membrane potential at 50 µM. This research elucidates some mechanisms of drug toxicity and provides some insight into their safety profile for clinical drug decisions.
Genotypic Variability in Wheat Response to Sodicity: Evaluating Growth and Ion Accumulation in the Root and Shoot

Soil sodicity is a major constraint to seedling emergence and crop production, potentially reducing plant growth due to physical and chemical constraints. Studying responses to ion imbalances may help identify genotypes tolerant to chemical constraints in sodic soils, thereby improving productivity. We evaluated the performance of four wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes in solutions with five sodium adsorption ratios (SARs) ranging from 0 to 60. For all four genotypes, seedling emergence and shoot dry matter (DM) decreased significantly with increasing SARs. A significant positive correlation was observed between Ca concentration in roots as well as both root and shoot DM for all genotypes. At SAR values > 20, the more tolerant genotype (EGA Gregory) displayed higher Ca concentrations in root tissues, whereas the more sensitive genotype (Baxter) exhibited Na-induced Ca deficiency. Thus, the selection of genotypes that are able to accumulate Ca in roots in sodic conditions may be a useful trait for selecting genotypes tolerant of soils with high ESP values. However, for soils that restrict plant growth at ESP (SAR) values of 6–10%, it is likely that growth is restricted by physical constraints rather than by a Na-induced Ca deficiency.