Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The 1997 PMSE season ‐ Its relation to wind, temperature and water vapour

Factors determining the onset and decay of the Polar Mesosphere Summer Echo (PMSE) season in 1997 are examined. PMSE from the ESRAD radar at 68°N, 20°E are compared with simultaneous observations of stratospheric winds, upper‐mesosphere temperature, upper mesosphere water vapour and noctilucent clouds. There was a 3‐week delay from the start of summer, defined by temperature or stratospheric winds, to the start of PMSE. At the end of the summer, the return to winter conditions was simultaneous in all three parameters. Noctilucent clouds at 55–60°N were confined to the period of lowest temperatures, when PMSE were also present throughout the day. Water vapour observations show an increase during the summer, possibly taking place in late May, at about the time PMSE first appeared. It seems likely that the start of the PMSE season is determined by water vapour availability, while the end of the season is determined by temperature.
Organic food and farming: Scientific facts and consumer perceptions

Organic farming in the EU is a system of agriculture and food production that combines favourable environmental and animal welfare standards and is supported by EU law (Regulations (EC) No 834/2007 (1) and 889/2008/EC (2)). The organic production system strives for minimal disruption of the natural equilibrium while ensuring the production of high-quality food. To ensure that organic farmers and processors produce or process foods in accordance with organic legislation, designated control bodies and authorities certify and inspect each organic practitioner (cf. list of EU control bodies and authorities). Compliant produce is required to carry the EU organic logo (Figure 1).
On the Measurement of Heat Waves

AbstractDespite their adverse impacts, definitions and measurements of heat waves are ambiguous and inconsistent, generally being endemic to only the group affected, or the respective study reporting the analysis. The present study addresses this issue by employing a set of three heat wave definitions, derived from surveying heat-related indices in the climate science literature. The definitions include three or more consecutive days above one of the following: the 90th percentile for maximum temperature, the 90th percentile for minimum temperature, and positive extreme heat factor (EHF) conditions. Additionally, each index is studied using a multiaspect framework measuring heat wave number, duration, participating days, and the peak and mean magnitudes. Observed climatologies and trends computed by Sen's Kendall slope estimator are presented for the Australian continent for two time periods (1951–2008 and 1971–2008). Trends in all aspects and definitions are smaller in magnitude but more significant for .
Percolation Theory for Flow in Porous Media

In this age of modern era, the use of internet must be maximized. Yeah, internet will help us very much not only for important thing but also for daily activities. Many people now, from any level can use internet. The sources of internet connection can also be enjoyed in many places. As one of the benefits is to get the on-line percolation theory for flow in porous media book, as the world window, as many people suggest.
Nursing Documentation: A survey of Hemodialysis Documentation Status at Kenyatta National Hospital’s Renal Unit

Documentation is a valuable method of demonstrating that a nurse has applied nursing knowledge, skills and judgment as per the professional nursing standards. Hence, nursing documentation is a record of nursing care that is planned and delivered to individual clients by qualified nurses or other caregivers under the direction of a qualified nurse (Urquhart et al, 2009). It is also a vital tool for effective communication amongst health care team members. Nursing documentation has been one of the most important functions of nurses since the time of Florence Nightingale as it serves multiple and diverse purposes. Currently, there is an evolving quality agenda in healthcare that has significant implications for acceptable documentation requirements. This makes documentation importantin evaluating care conducted by a caregiver. Proper documentation is essential in an event of law suit as it provides evidence that the care that was provided met professional standards (Gugerty et al, 2007).
The value of dual-energy computed tomography (DECT) in the diagnosis of urinary calculi: a systematic review and meta-analysis of retrospective studies

Objective Dual-energy computed tomography (DECT) imaging technology opens a new idea and method for analyzing stone composition, which can obtain several quantitative parameters reflecting tissue-related information and energy images different from traditional images. However, the application of DECT in diagnosing urinary calculi remains unknown. This study aims to evaluate the value of DECT in diagnosing urinary calculi by meta-analysis. Methods PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library were searched to articles published from the establishment of the databases to April 18, 2023. We reviewed the articles on the diagnosis of urinary calculi detected by DECT, established standards, screened the articles, and extracted data. Two researchers carried out data extraction and the Cohen’s unweighted kappa was estimated for inter-investigator reliability. The quality of the literature was evaluated by the diagnostic test accuracy quality evaluation tool (QUADAS-2). The heterogeneity and threshold effects were analyzed by Meta-Disc 1.4 software, and the combined sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood ratio, negative likelihood ratio, and diagnostic ratio were calculated. The combined receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve was drawn, and the value of DECT in the diagnosis of urinary calculi was evaluated by the area under the curve (AUC). The meta-analysis was registered at PROSPERO (CRD42023418204). Results One thousand and twenty-seven stones were detected in 1,223 samples from 10 diagnostic tests. The analyzed kappa alternated between 0.78-0.85 for the document’s retrieval and detection procedure. The sensitivity of DECT in the diagnosis of urinary calculi was 0.94 (95% CI [0.92–0.96]). The positive likelihood ratio (PLR) of DECT in the diagnosis of urinary stones was 0.91 (95% CI [0.88–0.94]), and the negative likelihood ratio (NLR) was 0.08 (95% CI [0.05–0.11]). The specificity of DECT for detecting urinary calculi was 0.91 (95% CI [0.88–0.94]). The area under the curve of the summary receiver operator characteristic (SROC) was 0.9875. The sensitivity of dual-energy CT in the diagnosis of urinary calculi diameter <3 mm was 0.94 (95% CI [0.91–0.96]). The PLR of DECT in the diagnosis of urinary stones diameter <3 mm was 10.79 (95% CI [5.25 to 22.17]), and the NLR was 0.08 (95% CI [0.05–0.13]). The specificity of DECT for detecting urinary calculi <3 mm was 0.91 (95% CI [0.87–0.94]). The SROC was 0.9772. Conclusion The DECT has noble application value in detecting urinary calculi.
Optimization of CMT welding process parameters of dissimilar hot rolled E250 and polymer sandwich steel lap joints

Abstract Lap joints of 1.5 mm thin sheets of dissimilar hot rolled E250 with polymer sandwich steel (MPM) were produced by cold metal transfer (CMT) process, closer to the real application. The polymer layer polystyrene-butadiene-styrene sandwiched between two DC06 sheets of MPM was found to be intact at significantly lower heat inputs (0.16 − 0.24 kJ/mm), which otherwise had been quite challenging during TIG welding leading to huge rejections. After several iterative trials for acceptable weld quality, experiments were conducted as per L9 orthogonal array, Taguchi technique with welding speed (WS), wire feed rate (WFR) and welding torch orientation (TO) as the process parameters. The joints were investigated through optical macrograph, micrographs, hardness, tensile lap shear tests and fractography on the fractured specimen. Optimum parameters were determined for maximizing shear strength. The sample with optimized parameters exhibited 6% improvement in shear strength achieving 152.09 MPa and polymer layer retention. ANOVA analysis suggested WS to be most significant parameter with 69.85% contribution affecting shear strength. Coefficient of determination (R 2) for the shear strength was 87.26% derived from the linear regression model. Significantly, lower error 0.96% computed from the confirmatory test concluded very effective optimization. Highlights Thin sheets of polymer sandwich steel (MPM) sheets were joined successfully with hot rolled E250 sheet without thermal disengagement of the polymer layer in MPM by CMT welding. Under optimal parameters MPM/E250 joints exhibited excellent mechanical properties. Fractography analysis revealed ductile failure mode. The error between experimental and predicted results by Taguchi was significantly lower and very well within the acceptable range.
Storm time enhancements of 630.0 nm airglow associated with polar cap patches

We examined the brightness of 630.0 nm airglow, I630, associated with polar cap patches observed during a magnetic storm that occurred on 22 January 2012. Brightness was measured using an all‐sky imager (ASI) located at Longyearbyen, Svalbard. The observed I630 was compared with the F region electron density observed by the European Incoherent Scatter Svalbard Radar (ESR). The I630 was positively correlated with the F2 layer peak electron density, NmF2, and inversely correlated with the altitude of the F2layer peak electron density, hmF2, as expected from the known relationship between these parameters. To estimate the altitude of the peak emission of the airglow, we performed model calculations of the volume emission rate, V630, under quiet and disturbed conditions, using Mass Spectrometer Incoherent Scatter modeled neutral gas profiles and the electron density profile obtained from the ESR data. In order to validate the V630 calculation, I630 was calculated by integrating the V630 along altitude and then compared with the ASI‐observed I630. During the observation periods the measured brightness frequently exceeded the calculated I630; we infer that in most cases, low‐energy particle precipitation is responsible for the extra brightness. However, when there was less particle precipitation, the observed values were in good agreement with the calculated values. Under the magnetically disturbed conditions during our observations, the model calculation showed that the altitude of V630 peak increases, the thickness of the emission layer increases, and patch brightness increases.
Evidence for a winter sink of atmospheric carbonyl sulfide in the northeast Atlantic Ocean

Atmospheric and dissolved carbonyl sulfide (COS) concentrations were measured on 473 samples during three cruises into the northeast Atlantic Ocean. The cruises took place in April/May 1992, January 1994, and September 1994, covering three seasons. In January 1994, persistent undersaturation of COS in seawater with respect to the atmosphere was observed. This is the first data set to show a strong and persistent undersaturation with the mean saturation ratio (SR) being 46% and the standard deviation 13%. In April 1992, the seawater was slightly supersaturated, with a SR of 126±58 %. Only in September 1994, strong supersaturation of 214±86% was observed. The measured air concentrations were relatively uniform, averaging 410±67 pptv in January 1994, 466±42 pptv in April 1992, and 396±18 pptv in September 1994. Sea-to-air fluxes of COS were estimated using three different exchange models. We obtained moderate to low COS emissions in September (19 to 33 nmol m−2 d−1) and April/May (5 to 10 nmol m−2 d−1), in contrast to a significant flux from the atmosphere into the ocean in January (−76 to −31 nmol m−2 d−1). The strong seasonal variation of COS emissions with the possibility of reversed fluxes into the ocean during winter must be considered in future oceanic source estimates. The possible effect of an open ocean winter sink on global marine emissions of COS could be a reduction by some 10–15%.
Wet subduction versus cold subduction

In situ X‐ray diffraction study of post‐spinel transformation in hydrous peridotite (2 wt.% H2O) indicates that the phase boundary is shifted to higher pressures by 0.6 GPa relative to anhydrous peridotite at 1473 K, whereas, it shows no obvious shift at high temperature around 1873 K. A linear equation for the boundary is P (GPa) = −0.002 T (K) + 26.3, which is applicable for temperatures below 1800 K. The present data shows that a significant part of the depressions seen in the 660‐km seismic discontinuity may be affected by existence of water. It is also well resolved that the olivine‐wadsleyite phase transformation corresponding to the 410‐km seismic discontinuity is shifted to lower pressures by 1–2 GPa by the addition of water. Thus, the topography of seismic discontinuities in the transition zone associated with slabs can be attributed not only to cold subduction but also wet subduction.
Morphology, seismic structure and tectonic development of the Powell Basin, Antarctica

The Powell Basin, located near the Scotia-Antarctica strike-slip plate boundary, is bounded on three sides by continental crustal blocks, and it separates the South Orkney microcontinent from the northeastern Antarctic Peninsula. On the basis of the entire geophysical data set available, the main structural and geological elements of the basin are identified. The northern domain is characterized by an oceanic-like environment, with a ridge axis in the centre of the basin. Two conjugate deep, restricted sedimentary basins are located at the base of the northeastern and northwestern margins, and filled by thick sedimentary sequences. The southern domain is mainly floored by transitional crust and presents rift-related basement graben. The margins surrounding the basin are different, with the northern and southern margins mainly transcurrent, whereas most of the eastern and western margins show passive margin characteristics. The sedimentary sequences filling the basin have been correlated to the main tectonic processes responsible for Powell Basin opening, and partially dated using marine magnetic anomaly identifications. Three main evolutionary phases are recognized that explain the geological setting of the Powell Basin. An early phase of separation between the Antarctic Peninsula and the South Orkney microcontinent produced stretching and progressive continental lithospheric thinning, with the creation of restricted pull-apart basins (proto-Powell phase). This phase was followed by a northward movement, possibly accomplished with a clockwise rotation, of the South Orkney microcontinent (drift phase), with consequent oceanic crustal accretion in the northern sector of the basin, and development of rift-related structures in the southern sector (phase spanning 27-18 Ma, as determined from the marine magnetic anomalies). A successive clockwise rotation of the South Orkney microcontinent determined the complete development of the northern sector of the basin, with spreading and final structuration of the margins encircling the basin plain.
PACTA: An IoT Data Privacy Regulation Compliance Scheme Using TEE and Blockchain

Despite the existence of data privacy regulations, such as the general data protection regulation (GDPR), data leaks in the Internet of Things (IoT) still occur and cause significant harm due to the noncompliance of data users. To address this issue, a notable solution involves recording the process in an open, immutable blockchain and utilizing the trusted execution environment (TEE) for reliable compliance verification. Although substantial progress has been made in designing compliance schemes in recent years, current approaches suffer from various limitations, including compliance incompleteness, regulation faultiness, and privacy leak. This article introduces PACTA, an IoT data privacy regulation compliance scheme that leverages TEE and blockchain technology. In the protocol, PACTA efficiently handles both dynamic and static consent of data owners and utilizes TEE for compliance analysis of requests and processes. By storing encrypted critical data, the blockchain facilitates privacy-preserving audits of the entire compliance process. Additionally, we have designed a challenge–response protocol to address the silent behavior of the TEE. We demonstrate that PACTA effectively enforces regulation compliance while safeguarding privacy. We thoroughly evaluate our implementation’s efficiency and effectiveness using Ethereum and Intel SGX platforms.
First-time and repeat tourist destination image: the case of domestic tourists to Weh Island, Indonesia

This study aimed to offer insights into the relationship between tourists' previous experience and their evaluation of cognitive, affective, and overall images of a domestic tourism destination. Empirical data were collected in a popular domestic tourism destination in Indonesia – Weh Island. The findings of this study suggested that repeat tourists had a more positive evaluation of destination image towards Weh Island in relation to four dimensions of cognitive image (e.g. “quality of experience”, “infrastructure and attraction”, “value and environment”, and “comfort”) and an overall image. However, the previous experience with the destination did not influence the tourists' affective image of the destination. The study also discusses the managerial implications for Weh Island tourism destination marketing and positioning strategy.
Diagnostic Value of Immunological Biomarkers in Children with Asthmatic Bronchitis and Asthma

Background and Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the diagnostic value of immunological biomarkers in children with asthmatic bronchitis and asthma and to develop a machine learning (ML) model for rapid differential diagnosis of these two diseases. Materials and Methods: Immunological biomarkers in peripheral blood were detected using flow cytometry and immunoturbidimetry. The importance of characteristic variables was ranked and screened using random forest and extra trees algorithms. Models were constructed and tested using the Scikit-learn ML library. K-fold cross-validation and Brier scores were used to evaluate and screen models. Results: Children with asthmatic bronchitis and asthma exhibit distinct degrees of immune dysregulation characterized by divergent patterns of humoral and cellular immune responses. CD8+ T cells and B cells were more dominant in differentiating the two diseases among many immunological biomarkers. Random forest showed a comprehensive high performance compared with other models in learning and training the dataset of immunological biomarkers. Conclusions: This study developed a prediction model for early differential diagnosis of asthmatic bronchitis and asthma using immunological biomarkers. Evaluation of the immune status of patients may provide additional clinical information for those children transforming from asthmatic bronchitis to asthma under recurrent attacks.
Turbulence in the statically unstable oceanic boundary layer

Measurements of turbulent stress, heat flux, salinity flux, and turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) dissipation were made in the oceanic boundary layer under freezing leads during the 1992 Lead Experiment project in the Arctic Ocean north of Alaska. Results from two instrument systems, one comprising a vertical array of four turbulence-measuring instrument clusters, the other an automated, loose-tethered microstructure profiler, show that forcing by modest surface fluxes (surface friction velocity u*0 ∼ 0.7 cm s−1, surface buoyancy flux 〈w′b′〉0 ∼ −0.7 × 10−7 W kg−1) substantially changes the scales and character of boundary layer turbulence relative to forcing by stress alone. Despite continuous freezing at the surface, a diurnal cycle of heating and cooling of the mixed layer was seen, with downward oceanic heat flux as high as 70 W m−2 observed at middepth in the mixed layer near solar noon. Heat flux was determined both by direct eddy covariance of temperature and vertical velocity at fixed levels and from TKE and thermal dissipation estimates from the profiling instrument, with reasonable agreement. Similarly, there was close correspondence between TKE dissipation estimates obtained from inertial subrange spectral levels at the fixed instruments and from microstructure shear profiles. TKE production was dominated by buoyancy flux through most of the boundary layer. Thermal and saline eddy diffusivities were computed from directly measured fluxes and mixed layer temperature and salinity gradients, with mean values of 0.046 and 0.049 m2 s−1 for temperature and salinity, respectively. Kolmogorov constants for relating thermal and saline dissipations to inertial subrange spectral levels were found to be 0.9 and 1.0, respectively, but with large scatter.
The Northern Belt 100 years on: a revised model of the Ordovician tracts near Leadhills, Scotland

ABSTRACT A new model for the provenance, depositional environment and tectonic setting of the Northern Belt of the Southern Uplands is presented. This turbiditic sandstone-dominated sequence was deposited in a sand-rich submarine fan environment, overlying sparse hemipelagic mudstones. The oldest sandstones are rich in juvenile ophiolitic material and record the first clastic input into the Southern Uplands basin. The bulk of the Northern Belt sedimentary sequence, however, is dominated by relatively quartzose sandstones derived from a Proterozoic continental/metamorphic source represented by the Midland Valley terrane of Scotland and Ireland. The quartzose-dominated succession was punctuated by the input of fresh volcanic detritus shed from an oceanic/continental island-arc situated to the W/NW of the Northern Belt basin, with sediment dispersal turning to the NE along the axis of the basin in Scotland. The tectonic setting of the Northern Belt basin remains uncertain. The complex provenance of the sandstones and recognition of major olistostrome units within the Northern Belt succession suggest that it was tectonically active. The onset of clastic deposition within the Southern Uplands terrane broadly corresponds to uplift and erosion of earlier obducted ophiolite in both Scotland and Ireland, possibly in response to collision of Cambrian–early Ordovician island-arc systems with the Laurentian continental margin. If this interpretation is correct, then the possibility arises that the Southern Uplands–Midland Valley terranes record the dismembering of this oceanic/continental island-arc complex within an overall transpressional regime.
Shack-Hartmann wavefront reconstruction by deep learning neural network for adaptive optics

Standard methods of Shack-Hartmann wavefront reconstruction rely on solving a system of linear equations, extracting wavefront estimates from measured wavefront slopes, which are calculated by retrieving centroids from a Shack-Hartmann Wavefront Sensor (SHWFS). As the dimensions of a micro-lens array in the SHWFS increase, the computational cost of processing wavefronts can become increasingly expensive. For applications that require rapid and accurate computations, such as closed-loop adaptive-optic systems, traditional centroiding and the least-squares reconstruction becomes the main bottleneck limiting performance. In this work, we apply a convolutional neural network (CNN) approach to directly reconstruct wavefronts from raw SHWFS measurements, circumventing both bottlenecks. The CNN model utilizes the ResU-Net framework to perform a zonal wavefront reconstruction, and a method for preprocessing the raw data was investigated with the prospect of enhancing the accuracy of this model specifically for the zonal approach to wavefront reconstruction.