Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Local Hidden Variable Theories for Quantum States

While all bipartite pure entangled states violate some Bell inequality, the relationship between entanglement and non-locality for mixed quantum states is not well understood. We introduce a simple and eﬃcient algorithmic approach for the problem of constructing local hidden variable theories for quantum states. The method is based on constructing a so-called symmetric quasi-extension of the quantum state that gives rise to a local hidden variable model with a certain numbers of settings for the observers Alice and Bob. We use this method to analytically construct local hidden variable theories for any bound entangled state based on a real unextendible product basis (UPB) with two measurement settings for Alice and Bob. The problem can be approached by semi-deﬁnite programming and we present our numerical and analytical results for various classes of states.
A REVIEW OF THE EUROPEAN STRUCTURAL AND INVESTMENT FUNDS IN HEALTH

The aim of this paper is to investigate different aspects and give a synthesized review on the importance of the European Structural and Investment Funds (ESIFs) in health, an area that is less studied in previous research about the investments of the EU funds in the EU. Based on theoretical review, the paper confirms that health can be connected with most of the investment priorities of the EU cohesion policy. Regarding the structure of the ESIFs in health, the results of the multivariate cluster analysis show that EU Member States which have higher regional inequalities in health, lower public health service capacities, lower government expenditure on health and lower self-reported health as good or very good direct a significant share of funds to finance health infrastructure and access to health. In the context of building resilient societies, in using different investment opportunities of the ESIFs for health, it is necessary to strengthen other fields related to health, to combine instruments of financing through an integrative approach and to monitor and evaluate the effects of investments continually.
Left ventricular myocardial work index and short-term prognosis in patients with light-chain cardiac amyloidosis: a retrospective cohort study

Background Reports show that the left ventricular myocardial work index (LVMWI) is a novel parameter for evaluating cardiac function. Decompensated heart failure leads to a high rate of early mortality in advanced patients with light-chain cardiac amyloidosis (AL-CA) and prevents them from a relatively delayed response to chemotherapy. This study aimed to assess the association of the LVMWI with short-term outcomes and to construct a simple model for risk stratification. Methods A total of 79 patients with an initial diagnosis of AL-CA were included in this retrospective cohort study. LVMWI was calculated by integrating brachial artery cuff blood pressure and left ventricular longitudinal strain (LVLS). The short-term outcome was defined as 6-month all-cause mortality. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC), logistic regression, and Kaplan-Meier analysis were used in this study. Results The median follow-up time was 21 months (3–36 months), and 23 (29%) patients died in the first 6 months. The time-dependent ROC and the area under the curve (AUC) showed that the LVMWI had the best predictive potential at the 6-month time point [AUC =0.805; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.690–0.920]. A bivariate prognostic model based on the LVMWI was constructed, and D-dimer showed a synergistic effect with optimum predicted potential (AUC =0.877; 95% CI: 0.791–0.964). Kaplan-Meier analysis demonstrated that patients with two, one, and none of the variates beyond the cut-off value bore a different risk of 6-month all-cause mortality (accumulated mortality was 86%, 30%, 3%, respectively; log-rank, P<0.001). Multivariate nested logistic regression showed that the level of D-dimer provided an incremental prognostic value (Δχ2=10.3; P=0.001) to the value determined from New York Heart Association (NYHA) classification and the LVMWI. Conclusions The LVMWI is associated with the short-term outcome of patients with AL-CA. The D-dimer test provides additional prognostic information for the LVMWI.
Implicitly disentangled renormalization

We propose a new implementation of real-space renormalization group (RG) transformations for quantum states on a lattice. Key to this approach is the removal of short-ranged entanglement, similar to Vidal's entanglement renormalization (ER), which allows a proper RG flow to be achieved. However, our proposal only uses operators that act locally within each block, such that the use of disentanglers acting across block boundaries is not required. By avoiding the use of disentanglers we argue many tensor network algorithms for studying quantum many-body systems can be significantly improved. The effectiveness of this RG approach is demonstrated through application to the ground state of a 1D system at criticality, which is shown to reach a scale-invariant fixed point.
Theoretical prediction of the fine and hyperfine structure of heavy muonic atoms

Precision calculations of the fine and hyperfine structure of muonic atoms are performed in a relativistic approach and results for muonic $^{205}\mathrm{Bi}, ^{147}\mathrm{Sm}$, and $^{89}\mathrm{Zr}$ are presented. The hyperfine structure due to magnetic dipole and electric quadrupole splitting is calculated in first-order perturbation theory, using extended nuclear charge and current distributions. The leading correction from quantum electrodynamics, namely vacuum polarization in Uehling approximation, is included as a potential directly in the Dirac equation. Also, an effective screening potential due to the surrounding electrons is calculated, and the leading relativistic recoil correction is estimated.
Molecular Mechanisms of RSV and Air Pollution Interaction: A Scoping Review

RSV is one of the major infectious agents in paediatrics, and its relationship with air pollution is frequently observed. However, the molecular basis of this interaction is sparsely reported. We sought to systematically review the existing body of literature and identify the knowledge gaps to answer the question: which molecular mechanisms are implied in the air pollutants–RSV interaction? Online databases were searched for original studies published before August 2022 focusing on molecular mechanisms of the interaction. The studies were charted and a narrative synthesis was based upon three expected directions of influence: a facilitated viral entry, an altered viral replication, and an inappropriate host reaction. We identified 25 studies published between 1993 and 2020 (without a noticeable increase in the number of studies) that were performed in human (n = 12), animal (n = 10) or mixed (n = 3) models, and analysed mainly cigarette smoke (n = 11), particulate matter (n = 4), nanoparticles (n = 3), and carbon black (n = 2). The data on a damage to the epithelial barrier supports the hypothesis of facilitated viral entry; one study also reported accelerated viral entry upon an RSV conjugation to particulate matter. Air pollution may result in the predominance of necrosis over apoptosis, and, as an effect, an increased viral load was reported. Similarly, air pollution mitigates epithelium function with decreased IFN-γ and Clara cell secretory protein levels and decreased immune response. Immune response might also be diminished due to a decreased viral uptake by alveolar macrophages and a suppressed function of dendritic cells. On the other hand, an exuberant inflammatory response might be triggered by air pollution and provoke airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR), prolonged lung infiltration, and tissue remodeling, including a formation of emphysema. AHR is mediated mostly by increased IFN-γ and RANTES concentrations, while the risk of emphysema was related to the activation of the IL-17 → MCP-1 → MMP-9 → MMP-12 axis. There is a significant lack of evidence on the molecular basics of the RSV–air pollution interaction, which may present a serious problem with regards to future actions against air pollution effects. The major knowledge gaps concern air pollutants (mostly the influence of cigarette smoke was investigated), the mechanisms facilitating an acute infection or a worse disease course (since it might help plan short-term, especially non-pharmacological, interventions), and the mechanisms of an inadequate response to the infection (which may lead to a prolonged course of an acute infection and long-term sequelae). Thus far, the evidence is insufficient regarding the broadness and complexity of the interaction, and future studies should focus on common mechanisms stimulated by various air pollutants and a comparison of influence of the different contaminants at various concentrations.
The Molecular Structures of the Local Arm and Perseus Arm in the Galactic Region of l = [139.°75, 149.°75], b = [−5.°25, 5.°25]

Using the Purple Mountain Observatory Delingha (PMODLH) 13.7 m telescope, we report a 96 deg2 12CO/13CO/C18O mapping observation toward the Galactic region of l = [139. °75,149. °75], b = [−5. °25, 5. °25]. The molecular structures of the Local Arm and Perseus Arm are presented. Combining H i data and part of the Outer Arm results, we obtain that the warp structure of both atomic and molecular gas is obvious, while the flare structure only exists in atomic gas in this observing region. In addition, five filamentary giant molecular clouds on the Perseus Arm are identified. Among them, four are newly identified. Their relations with the Milky Way large-scale structure are discussed.
Inversion of time domain electromagnetic data for the detection of Unexploded Ordnance

Unexploded Ordnance (UXO) discrimination is achieved by extracting parameters from geophysical data that reflect characteristics of the target that generated the measured signal. Model-based parameters are estimated through data inversion, where the optimal parameters are those that produce acceptable agreement between observed and predicted data and satisfy any prior information we have of the target. These parameters are then used as inputs to statistical classification methods to determine the likelihood that the target is, or is not, a UXO. The task of accurately recovering model parameters is more difficult when sensor data are contaminated with geological noise originating from magnetic soils. In regions of highly magnetic soil, magnetometry and electromagnetic sensors often detect large anomalies that are of geologic, rather than of metallic origin. In this thesis I investigate different methods of recovering the dipole polarization tensor from time domain electromagnetic (TEM) data. The different data inversion methods are characterized by the amount of a priori information used. Different a priori information considered include target location and depth estimated from other data sets, and knowledge of the different types of UXO that can be expected at the site. In the first part of this thesis, I assume that the influence of background geology can be removed through a data pre-processing procedures such that the UXO can be assumed to sit in free space. In the second part of this thesis we take a closer look at the influence of viscous remnant magnetization on electromagnetic data. Several software and hardware based approaches are proposed for improving detection and discrimination of UXO in geologically magnetic areas.
The Wold Representation, Degree of Non-Cointegration, and the Johansen Trace Test

The empirical size and power properties of the Johansen vector autoregression based trace test for cointegration are considered in the case where the data is generated by a sequence of vector moving average processes with declining degrees of non-cointegration. Rejection frequencies are sensitive to the trade off between degrees of freedom in estimation and how well the fitted VAR model approximates the underlying VMA. Conventional null distributions can provide a poor basis for inference in this situation.
Shot noise and biased tracers: A new look at the halo model

Shot noise is an important ingredient to any measurement or theoretical modeling of discrete tracers of the large scale structure. Recent work has shown that the shot noise in the halo power spectrum becomes increasingly sub-Poissonian at high mass. Interestingly, while the halo model predicts a shot noise power spectrum in qualitative agreement with the data, it leads to an unphysical white noise in the cross halo-matter and matter power spectrum. In this work, we show that absorbing all the halo model sources of shot noise into the halo fluctuation field leads to meaningful predictions for the shot noise contributions to halo clustering statistics and remove the unphysical white noise from the cross halo-matter statistics. Our prescription straightforwardly maps onto the general bias expansion, so that the renormalized shot noise terms can be expressed as combinations of the halo model shot noises. Furthermore, we demonstrate that non-Poissonian contributions are related to volume integrals over correlation functions and their response to long-wavelength density perturbations. This leads to a new class of consistency relations for discrete tracers, which appear to be satisfied by our reformulation of the halo model. We test our theoretical predictions against measurements of halo shot noise bispectra extracted from a large suite of numerical simulations. Our model reproduces qualitatively the observed sub-Poissonian noise, although it underestimates the magnitude of this effect.
LINE DERIVED INFRARED EXTINCTION TOWARD THE GALACTIC CENTER

We derive the extinction curve toward the Galactic center (GC) from 1 to 19 μm. We use hydrogen emission lines of the minispiral observed by ISO-SWS and SINFONI. The extinction-free flux reference is the 2 cm continuum emission observed by the Very Large Array. Toward the inner 14″ × 20″, we find an extinction of A2.166 μm = 2.62 ± 0.11, with a power-law slope of α = −2.11 ± 0.06 shortward of 2.8 μm, consistent with the average near-infrared slope from the recent literature. At longer wavelengths, however, we find that the extinction is grayer than shortward of 2.8 μm. We find that it is not possible to fit the observed extinction curve with a dust model consisting of pure carbonaceous and silicate grains only, and the addition of composite particles, including ices, is needed to explain the observations. Combining a distance-dependent extinction with our distance-independent extinction, we derive the distance to the GC to be R0 = 7.94 ± 0.65 kpc. Toward Sgr A* (r < 0.″5), we obtain AH = 4.21 ± 0.10, AKs = 2.42 ± 0.10, and AL′ = 1.09 ± 0.13.
Time Evolution in Open String Theory

We discuss a general iterative procedure for constructing time dependent solutions in open string theory describing rolling of a generic tachyon field away from its maximum. These solutions are characterized by two parameters labelling the initial position and velocity of the tachyon field, but one of these parameters can be removed by using time translation symmetry. The Wick rotated version of the resulting one parameter family of inequivalent solutions describes a one parameter family of boundary conformal field theories, each member of which is related to the boundary conformal field theory describing the original D-brane system by a nearly marginal deformation. We apply this technique to construct a time dependent solution on a D-brane in bosonic string theory which can be interpreted as the creation of a lower dimensional brane during the decay of an unstable D-brane.
Comparison of DNA purification methods for high‐throughput sequencing of fungal communities from wine fermentation

High‐throughput sequencing approaches, which target a taxonomically discriminant locus, allow for in‐depth insight into microbial communities’ compositions. Although microorganisms are historically investigated by cultivation on artificial culture media, this method presents strong limitations, since only a limited proportion of microorganisms can be grown in vitro. This pitfall appears even more limiting in enological and winemaking processes, during which a wide range of molds, yeasts, and bacteria are observed at the different stages of the fermentation course. Such an understanding of those dynamic communities and how they impact wine quality therefore stands as a major challenge for the future of enology. As of now, although high‐throughput sequencing has already allowed for the investigation of fungal communities, there is no available comparative study focusing on the performance of microbial deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) extraction in enological matrixes. This study aims to provide a comparison of five selected extraction methods, assayed on both must and fermenting must, as well as on finished wine. These procedures were evaluated according to their extraction yields, the purity of their extracted DNA, and the robustness of downstream molecular analyses, including polymerase chain reaction and high‐throughput sequencing of fungal communities. Altogether, two out of the five assessed microbial DNA extraction methods (DNeasy PowerSoil Pro Kit and E.Z.N.A.® Food DNA Kit) appeared suitable for robust evaluations of the microbial communities in wine samples. Consequently, this study provides robust tools for facilitated upcoming studies to further investigate microbial communities during winemaking using high‐throughput sequencing.
On the Embodiment of Social Cognition Skills: The Inner and Outer Body Processing Differently Contributes to the Affective and Cognitive Theory of Mind

A specific interpretation of embodiment assigns a central role to the body representations (BR) in cognition. In the social cognition domain, BR could be pivotal in representing others’ actions and states. However, empirical evidence on the relationship between different BR and social cognition, in terms of Theory of Mind (ToM), in the same sample of participants is missing. Here, this relationship was explored considering individual differences in the action-oriented BR (aBR), nonaction-oriented BR (NaBR), and subjective predisposition toward internal bodily sensations (interoceptive sensibility, ISe). Eighty-two healthy adults were given behavioral measures probing aBR, NaBR, ISe, and affective/cognitive ToM. The results suggest that NaBR, which mainly relies on exteroceptive signals, predicts individual differences in cognitive ToM, possibly because it can allow differentiating between the self and others. Instead, the negative association between affective ToM and ISe suggests that an alteration of the internal body state representation (i.e., over-reporting interoceptive sensations) can affect emotional processing in social contexts. The finding that distinct aspects of the body processing from within (ISe) and from the outside (NaBR) differently contribute to ToM provides empirical support to the BR role in social cognition and can be relevant for developing interventions in clinical settings.
“Finding Common Ground” – Impact of a Complex Intervention on Collaboration in Augmentative and Alternative Communication Care of People without Natural Speech

Purpose Many care settings are characterized by collaboration between a variety of stakeholders. People without natural speech who rely on augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) are often strongly dependent on the involved stakeholders and collaboration among them. Since collaboration can be challenged by many barriers, this study examines the impact of a complex intervention on collaboration in AAC care. Methods In a quasi-experimental mixed methods intervention study which include AAC training, AAC therapy and case management, caregivers of AAC users were surveyed at 3 time points to assess collaboration and case management in the intervention versus comparison group. In addition, semi-structured focus group interviews were conducted with caregivers in the intervention group. Quantitative data were analyzed descriptively and by comparison of means. Qualitative data were analyzed using qualitative content analysis. Results The Mann–Whitney U-test showed significantly better collaboration in the intervention group with stakeholders that are more actively involved in AAC care, such as schools (p=0.026) and residential or social facilities (p=0.010), but not with passive stakeholders such as health insurance companies. Most aspects of case management were rated significantly better in the intervention group (p<0.001). The focus group results show mainly positive changes in collaboration with the active stakeholders, such as more commitment and openness toward AAC. Conclusion The results show a positive impact of the intervention on the collaboration between stakeholders involved in AAC care – especially with active stakeholders. In particular, the organization of care and the accompanying case management by the AAC consultation centers seem to positively affect collaboration.
On the deuterium abundance and the importance of stellar mass loss in the interstellar and intergalactic medium

We quantify the gas-phase abundance of deuterium and fractional contribution of stellar mass loss to the gas in cosmological zoom-in simulations from the Feedback In Realistic Environments project. At low metallicity, our simulations confirm that the deuterium abundance is very close to the primordial value. The chemical evolution of the deuterium abundance that we derive here agrees quantitatively with analytical chemical evolution models. We furthermore find that the relation between the deuterium and oxygen abundance exhibits very little scatter. We compare our simulations to existing high-redshift observations in order to determine a primordial deuterium fraction of (2.549 ± 0.033) × 10^(−5) and stress that future observations at higher metallicity can also be used to constrain this value. At fixed metallicity, the deuterium fraction decreases slightly with decreasing redshift, due to the increased importance of mass-loss from intermediate-mass stars. We find that the evolution of the average deuterium fraction in a galaxy correlates with its star formation history. Our simulations are consistent with observations of the Milky Way's interstellar medium (ISM): the deuterium fraction at the solar circle is 85–92 per cent of the primordial deuterium fraction. We use our simulations to make predictions for future observations. In particular, the deuterium abundance is lower at smaller galactocentric radii and in higher mass galaxies, showing that stellar mass loss is more important for fuelling star formation in these regimes (and can even dominate). Gas accreting on to galaxies has a deuterium fraction above that of the galaxies’ ISM, but below the primordial fraction, because it is a mix of gas accreting from the intergalactic medium and gas previously ejected or stripped from galaxies.
Fabrication of TiO2 nanofibre photoelectrode for photoelectrochemical cells

The TiO2 nanofibres (NFs), prepared with the electrospinning method, acted as the photoanode in a photoelectrochemical cell (PEC) for hydrogen generation. The fabrication parameters of Ti/PVP (polyvinylpyrrolidone) fibres were determined with the field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) method. The structure and morphology of the TiO2 fibres were characterized by using X-ray diffraction (XRD), FE-SEM, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM). The average diameter of the TiO2 fibre is 132 ± 16 nm. A three-electrode potentiostat was used to study the photoelectrochemical properties of the photoanode. The density photocurrent reached the saturation value of 80 mA·cm–2 at 0.2 V under the irradiation of a Xenon lamp.