Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
THE NATURE OF GAMMA-RAY EMISSION OF TYCHO'S SUPERNOVA REMNANT

The nature of the recently detected high-energy and very high-energy γ-ray emission of Tycho's supernova remnant (SNR) is studied. A nonlinear kinetic theory of cosmic-ray (CR) acceleration in SNRs is employed to investigate the properties of Tycho's SNR and their correspondence with the existing experimental data, taking into account that the ambient interstellar medium (ISM) is expected to be clumpy. It is demonstrated that the overall steep γ-ray spectrum observed can be interpreted as the superposition of two spectra produced by the CR proton component in two different ISM phases: the first γ-ray component, extending up to about 1014 eV, originates in the diluted warm ISM, whereas the second component, extending up to 100 GeV, comes from numerous dense, small-scale clouds embedded in this warm ISM. Given the consistency between acceleration theory and the observed properties of the nonthermal emission of Tycho's SNR, very efficient production of nuclear CRs in Tycho's SNR is established. The excess of the GeV γ-ray emission due to the clouds' contribution above the level expected in the case of a purely homogeneous ISM is inevitably expected in the case of Type Ia SNe.
The Relationship between Cyber-Ostracism and Adolescents’ Non-Suicidal Self-Injury: Mediating Roles of Depression and Experiential Avoidance

Based on the experiential avoidance model, the current study aims to test the relationship between cyber-ostracism and adolescents’ non-suicidal self-injury and to explore the mediating roles of depression and experiential avoidance. A sample of 1062 middle school students completed questionnaires on cyber-ostracism, depression, experiential avoidance, and self-injurious behavior. The results showed that cyber-ostracism, depression, experiential avoidance, and non-suicidal self-injury were positively correlated with each other. After controlling for gender and age, the mediation model test shows that cyber-ostracism was significantly and positively associated with non-suicidal self-injury. Depression and experiential avoidance mediated the relationship between cyber-ostracism and non-suicidal self-injury parallelly and sequentially. This study highlights the potential mechanisms of action between cyber-ostracism and adolescent non-suicidal self-injury and finds that cyber-ostracism is a risk factor for non-suicidal self-injury. This founding suggests that extra attention should be paid to the role of the online environment in addition to the offline environment experiences for the intervention of non-suicidal self-injury.
THE POSITION/STRUCTURE STABILITY OF FOUR ICRF2 SOURCES

Four close radio sources in the International Celestial Reference Frame (ICRF) catalog were observed using phase referencing with the VLBA at 43, 23, and 8.6 GHz, and with VERA at 23 GHz over a one-year period. The goal was to determine the stability of the radio cores and to assess structure effects associated with positions in the ICRF. Although the four sources were compact at 8.6 GHz, the VLBA images at 43 GHz with 0.3 mas resolution showed that all were composed of several components. A component in each source was identified as the radio core using some or all of the following emission properties: compactness, spectral index, location at the end of the extended emission region, and stationary in the sky. Over the observing period, the relative positions between the four radio cores were constant to 0.02 mas, the phase-referencing positional accuracy obtained at 23 and 43 GHz among the sources, suggesting that once a radio core is identified, it remains stationary in the sky to this accuracy. Other radio components in two of the four sources had detectable motion in the radio jet direction. Comparison of the 23 and 43 GHz VLBA images with the VLBA 8.6 GHz images and the ICRF positions suggests that some ICRF positions are dominated by a moving jet component; hence, they can be displaced up to 0.5 mas from the radio core and may also reflect the motion of the jet component. Future astrometric efforts to determine a more accurate quasar reference frame at 23 and 43 GHz and from the VLBI2010 project are discussed, and supporting VLBA or European VLBI Network observations of ICRF sources at 43 GHz are recommended in order to determine the internal structure of the sources. A future collaboration between the radio (ICRF) and the optical frame of GAIA is discussed.
Supernova-driven Turbulence and Magnetic Field Amplification in Disk Galaxies

Supernovae are known to be the dominant energy source for driving turbulence in the interstellar medium. Yet, their effect on magnetic field amplification in spiral galaxies is still poorly understood. Analytical models based on the uncorrelated-ensemble approach predicted that any created field will be expelled from the disk before a significant amplification can occur. By means of direct simulations of supernova-driven turbulence, we demonstrate that this is not the case. Accounting for vertical stratification and galactic differential rotation, we find an exponential amplification of the mean field on timescales of 100Myr. The self-consistent numerical verification of such a "fast dynamo" is highly beneficial in explaining the observed strong magnetic fields in young galaxies. We, furthermore, highlight the importance of rotation in the generation of helicity by showing that a similar mechanism based on Cartesian shear does not lead to a sustained amplification of the mean magnetic field. This finding impressively confirms the classical picture of a dynamo based on cyclonic turbulence.
Orbits of Cesàro type operators

A bounded linear operator T on a Banach space X is called hypercyclic if there exists a vector x ∈ X such that its orbit, {Tnx }, is dense in X. In this paper we show hypercyclic properties of the orbits of the Cesàro operator defined on different spaces. For instance, we show that the Cesàro operator defined on Lp [0, 1] (1 < p < ∞) is hypercyclic. Moreover, it is chaotic and it has supercyclic subspaces. On the other hand, the Cesàro operator defined on other spaces of functions behave differently. Motivated by this, we study weighted Cesàro operators and different degrees of hypercyclicity are obtained. The proofs are based on the classical Müntz–Szász theorem. We also propose problems and give new directions (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
WhatsApp as a Tool for Researching the Everyday Lives of Venezuelan Refugees Settling in Brazil

In this article, we explore the role that WhatsApp can play as a research tool for investigating the experiences of settling refugees. Messaging apps can help researchers collect data about people’s everyday lives while also providing insights into processes that are difficult to study as they happen. The communicative affordances of messaging apps also facilitate spontaneous interactions in research and the flexibility needed when working with mobile groups of people, such as refugees. We build on our experience of interacting together with Venezuelan refugees through the Conexión Sin Fronteras (Connection Without Borders) WhatsApp group, which was designed by the researchers in the form of an intervention focused on building community among Venezuelans settling in the city of Boa Vista, Brazil. Our experience shows that data collection in WhatsApp allows researchers to obtain relevant insights into social support, relationship-building, and negotiations of rules in a group context. However, our research outlines challenges related to the varied engagement of participants in WhatsApp group chats and the difficulty for researchers to be always present during group conversations. Limitations to the use of WhatsApp in research with refugee populations also include restrictions in terms of internet capacity shaping the types of data participants choose to share. In this context, it is crucial to address barriers to access to connectivity and create opportunities to enhance refugees’ literacy regarding data collection in digital spaces. We hope these findings will contribute to the development of inclusive methodological approaches using mobile apps in refugee settings.
Clustering and descendants of MUSYC galaxies at z < 1.5

We measure the evolution of galaxy clustering out to a redshift of z ≃ 1.5 using data from two Multi-wavelength Survey by Yale-Chile (MUSYC) fields, the Extended Hubble Deep Field-South (EHDF-S) and the Extended Chandra Deep Field-South (ECDF-S). We use photometric redshift information to calculate the projected-angular correlation function, ω(σ), from which we infer the projected correlation function Ξ(σ) We demonstrate that this technique delivers accurate measurements of clustering even when large redshift measurement errors affect the data. To this aim we use two mock MUSYC fields extracted from a A-cold dark matter (ACDM) simulation populated with GALFORM semi-analytic galaxies which allow us to assess the degree of accuracy of our estimates of Ξ (σ) and to identify and correct for systematic effects in our measurements. We study the evolution of clustering for volume limited subsamples of galaxies selected using their photometric redshifts and rest-frame r-band absolute magnitudes. We find that the real-space correlation length r 0 of bright galaxies, M r < -21 (rest-frame) can be accurately recovered out to z ≃ 1.5, particularly for ECDF-S given its near-infrared photometric coverage. For these samples, the correlation length is consistent with a constant value of r o = (2.6 ± 0.3) h -1 Mpc for the ECDF-S field, and r o = (3.0 ± 0.4) h -1 Mpc for the EHDF-S field from a median redshift z med = 0.37 to z med = 1.15. There is mild evidence for a luminosity-dependent clustering in both fields at the low-redshift samples (up to (z) = 0.57), where the correlation length is higher for brighter galaxies by up to 1 Mpc h -1 between median rest-frame r-band absolute magnitudes of ~ 18 to ~ -21.5. As a result of the photometric redshift measurement, each galaxy is assigned a best-fitting template; we restrict to E and E + 20 per cent Sbc types to construct subsamples of early-type galaxies (ETGs). These ETGs are separated into samples at different redshift intervals so that their passively evolved luminosities (to z = 0) are comparable. Our ETG samples show a strong increase in r o as the redshift increases, making it unlikely (95 per cent level) that ETGs at median redshift z med = 1.15 are the direct progenitors of ETGs at Zmed = 0.37 with equivalent passively evolved luminosities.
Chemical evolution of the bulge of M31: predictions about abundance ratios

We aim at reproducing the chemical evolution of the bulge of M31 by means of a detailed chemical evolution model, including radial gas flows coming from the disk. We study the impact of the initial mass function, the star formation rate and the time scale for bulge formation on the metallicity distribution function of stars. We compute several models of chemical evolution using the metallicity distribution of dwarf stars as an observational constraint for the bulge of M31. Then, by means of the model which best reproduces the metallicity distribution function, we predict the [X/Fe] vs. [Fe/H] relations for several chemical elements (O, Mg, Si, Ca, C, N). Our best model for the bulge of M31 is obtained by means of a robust statistical method and assumes a Salpeter initial mass function, a Schmidt-Kennicutt law for star formation with an exponent k=1.5, an efficiency of star formation of $\sim 15\pm 0.27\, Gyr^{-1}$, and an infall timescale of $\sim 0.10\pm 0.03$Gyr. Our results suggest that the bulge of M31 formed very quickly by means of an intense star formation rate and an initial mass function flatter than in the solar vicinity but similar to that inferred for the Milky Way bulge. The [$\alpha$/Fe] ratios in the stars of the bulge of M31 should be high for most of the [Fe/H] range, as is observed in the Milky Way bulge. These predictions await future data to be proven.
The Effect of Independence And Competence On Audit Quality With Professional Skepticism As A Moderating Variable

The purpose of this study is to see how independence and competence interact with professional skepticism as a moderating variable. A quantitative approach was adopted, utilizing data collection technique of questionnaires. The participants in this study were auditors working for all public accounting companies in Surabaya. A total of 129 responders were chosen from a pool of 230 auditors. Purposive sampling was utilized to collect data. The descriptive statistics and SPSS program were utilized to analyze the data in this study. The findings revealed that audit quality was positively influenced by independence, competence, and professional skepticism. Professional skepticism also enhances the relationship between independence and quality, but it cannot strengthen the relationship between competence and quality.
ADAR: Application-Specific Data Allocation and Reprogramming Optimization for 3-D TLC Flash Memory

High bit-density flash memories, such as triple-level cell (TLC) and quad-level cell (QLC), have been widely used in flash memory-based storage systems, offering significantly high capacity. However, these high bit-density flash memories suffer from asymmetric access performance on the different pages that sharing the same physical cells. Meanwhile, 3-D flash memory adopts stacking technology to increase capacity and reduce cost per bit. The flash unit can be reprogrammed many times as long as the voltage increases. The reprogramming technology is also an effective solution for further increasing the 3-D flash capacity, allowing multiple program operations in an erase cycle. Considering the restrictions of reprogram operations, solid-state drives (SSDs) should capture the access pattern to perform more reprogramming operations to realize the joint optimization of read and write performance. In this work, we propose an application-specific data allocation and reprogramming technique named ADAR to enhance the read and write performance of 3-D TLC flash memory-based SSDs. The core idea is to allocate low-latency least significant bit (LSB) and central significant bit pages to frequently updated write data (termed hot write data) to improve the write performance, and reprogram the pages from high-latency pages (e.g., most significant bit page) to low-latency pages (e.g., LSB page mode) to enhance the read performance while initially storing frequently read data (termed hot read data) in high-latency pages. We explored data access patterns and designed an effective hotness identification method to present a new data allocation and reprogramming technique for 3-D TLC flash memory. Based on a modified 3-D TLC SSD simulator with typical workloads, our evaluation showed that our technique achieved 35.36% and 25.72% performance improvements in read and write latencies, respectively.
Direct method for calculating temperature-dependent transport properties

We show how temperature-induced disorder can be combined in a direct way with first-principles scattering theory to study diffusive transport in real materials. Excellent (good) agreement with experiment is found for the resistivity of Cu, Pd, Pt (and Fe) when lattice (and spin) disorder are calculated from first principles. For Fe, the agreement with experiment is limited by how well the magnetization (of itinerant ferromagnets) can be calculated as a function of temperature. By introducing a simple Debye-like model of spin disorder parameterized to reproduce the experimental magnetization, the temperature dependence of the average resistivity, the anisotropic magnetoresistance, and the spin polarization of a Ni 80 Fe 20 alloy are calculated and found to be in good agreement with existing data. Extension of the method to complex, inhomogeneous materials as well as to the calculation of other finite-temperature physical properties within the adiabatic approximation is straightforward.
Discovery of a spiral-host episodic radio galaxy

We report the discovery of a unique radio galaxy at z = 0.137, which could possibly be the second spiral-host large radio galaxy and also the second triple–double episodic radio galaxy. The host galaxy shows signs of recent star formation in the ultraviolet but is optically red and is the brightest galaxy of a possible cluster. The outer relic radio lobes of this galaxy, separated by ∼1 Mpc, show evidence of spectral flattening and a high fraction of linear polarization. We interpret that these relic lobes have experienced re-acceleration of particles and compression of the magnetic field due to shocks in the cluster outskirts. From the morphology of the relics and galaxy distribution, we argue that re-acceleration is unlikely to be due to a cluster–cluster merger and speculate about the possibility of accretion shocks. The source was identified from Sloan Digital Sky Survey, Galaxy Evolution Explorer, NRAO VLA Sky Survey and Faint Images of the Radio Sky at Twenty-Centimetres survey data, but we also present follow-up optical observations with the Lulin telescope and 325-MHz low-frequency radio observations with the Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope. We briefly discuss the scientific potential of this example in understanding the evolution of galaxies and clusters by accretion, mergers, star formation and active galactic nucleus feedback.
Artificial magnetism and magnetoelectric coupling from dielectric layers

We investigate a high-order homogenization (HOH) algorithm for periodic multilayered stacks. The mathematical tool of choice is a transfer matrix method. Expressions for effective permeability, permittivity and magnetoelectric coupling are explored by frequency power expansions. On the physical side, this high-order homogenization uncovers a magnetoelectric coupling effect (odd order approximation) and artificial magnetism (even order approximation) in moderate contrast photonic crystals. Comparing the effective parameters' expressions of a stack with three layers against that of a stack with two layers, we note that the magnetoelectric coupling effect vanishes while the artificial magnetism can still be achieved in a center symmetric periodic structure. Furthermore, we numerically check the effective parameters through the dispersion law and transmission curves of a stack with two dielectric layers against that of an effective bianisotropic medium: they present a good agreement in the low frequency (acoustic) band until the first stop band, where the analyticity of the logarithm function of transfer matrix ($\log\{T\}$) breaks down.
STATISTICAL TIME-RESOLVED SPECTROSCOPY: A HIGHER FRACTION OF SHORT-PERIOD BINARIES FOR METAL-RICH F-TYPE DWARFS IN SDSS

Stellar multiplicity lies at the heart of many problems in modern astrophysics, including the physics of star formation, the observational properties of unresolved stellar populations, and the rates of interacting binaries such as cataclysmic variables, X-ray binaries, and SNe Ia. However, little is known about the stellar multiplicity of field stars in the Milky Way (MW), in particular about the differences in the multiplicity characteristics between metal-rich disk stars and metal-poor halo stars. In this study we perform a statistical analysis of ∼14,000 F-type dwarf stars in the MW through time-resolved spectroscopy with the sub-exposures archived in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey. We obtain absolute radial velocity (RV) measurements through template cross-correlation of individual sub-exposures with temporal baselines varying from minutes to years. These sparsely sampled RV curves are analyzed using Markov chain Monte Carlo techniques to constrain the very short-period binary fraction for field F-type stars in the MW. Metal-rich disk stars were found to be 30% more likely to have companions with periods shorter than 12 days than metal-poor halo stars.
Casimir interaction between a perfect conductor and graphene described by the Dirac model

We adopt the Dirac model for graphene and calculate the Casimir interaction energy between a plane suspended graphene sample and a parallel plane perfect conductor. This is done in two ways. First, we use the quantum-field-theory approach and evaluate the leading-order diagram in a theory with $2+1$-dimensional fermions interacting with $3+1$-dimensional photons. Next, we consider an effective theory for the electromagnetic field with matching conditions induced by quantum quasiparticles in graphene. The first approach turns out to be the leading order in the coupling constant of the second one. The Casimir interaction for this system appears to be rather weak. It exhibits a strong dependence on the mass of the quasiparticles in graphene.
Lack of a genetic cline and temporal genetic stability in an introduced barnacle along the Pacific coast of Japan

Background Large numbers of exotic marine species have been introduced worldwide. Monitoring of introduced species is important to reveal mechanisms underlying their establishment and expansion. Balanus glandula is a common intertidal barnacle native to the northeastern Pacific. However, this species has been introduced to Japan, South America, South Africa, and Europe. While a latitudinal genetic cline is well known in its native range, it is unclear whether such a genetic cline occurs in introduced areas. Twenty years have passed since it was first identified in Japan and its distribution now ranges from temperate to subarctic regions. Methods In the present study, we examined genotypes of cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) of mitochondrial (mt)-DNA and elongation factor 1a (EF1) across the distribution of B. glandula in Japan at high and mid intertidal zones. Results At all sampling sites, native northern genotypes are abundant and I did not detect significant effects of latitude, tide levels, or their interaction on genotypic frequencies. Further, I did not detect any change of genotype composition between data collected during a study in 2004 and samples in the present study collected in 2019. Data from the present study offer an important baseline for future monitoring of this species and supply valuable insights into the mechanisms of establishment and expansion of introduced marine species generally.
Wave-particle duality in classical mechanics

Until recently, wave-particle duality has been thought of as quantum principle without a counterpart in classical physics. This belief was challenged after (i) finding that average dynamics of a classical particle in a strong inhomogeneous oscillating field resembles that of a quantum object and (ii) experimental discovery of "walkers" - macroscopic droplets that bounce on a vertically vibrating bath of the same fluid and can self-propel via interaction with the surface waves they generate. This paper exposes a new family of objects that can display both particle and wave features all together while strictly obeying laws of the Newtonian mechanics. In contrast to the previously known duality examples in classical physics, oscillating field or constant inflow of energy are not required for their existence. These objects behave deterministically provided that all their degrees of freedom are known to an observer. If, however, some degrees of freedom are unknown, an observer can describe such objects only probabilistically and they manifest weird features similar to that of quantum particles. We show new classical counterparts of such quantum phenomena as particle interference, tunneling, above-barrier reflection, trapping on top of a barrier, and spontaneous emission of radiation. In the light of these findings, we hypothesize that quantum mechanics may emerge as approximation from a more profound theory on a deeper level.