Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Changes in Flood Risk under Global Warming Estimated Using MIROC5 and the Discharge Probability Index

We evaluated change in flood risk under global warming using the output from the latest version of the Model for Interdisciplinary Research on Climate (MIROC5), an atmosphere-ocean general circulation model. River discharge for the 21st century were simulated for the two Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP4.5 and RCP8.5) scenarios and converted to the Discharge Probability Index (DPI) to evaluate future flood risk. The occurrence of flood events corresponding to various DPI categories was calculated for each continental region. The results show a significant increase in the risk of massive flood incidents during the 21st century in Asia, Africa, Oceania, and South America, with relatively large differences between the two scenarios. In contrast, both scenarios showed only slight increases in massive flood risk in North America and almost no change in Europe. For the RCP8.5 scenario in particular, the risk of massive flood occurrence will increase approximately ten times in Africa, seven times in Asia, and five times in South America by the end of the current century. Further analyses indicated that these projected flood increases will occur mainly due to the increases in the number of rainy days and the annual maximum daily precipitation, and the decrease in snowmelt in high latitudinal regions will play an important role on the unchanged risk in Europe in spite of the projected increase in precipitation.
Phonetic cue‐weighting in the acquisition of a second language: Evidence from Greek speakers of English.

The most difficult speech‐sound contrasts for foreign‐language learners are often the ones that have multiple phonetic cues, especially if the cues are weighted differently in the foreign and native languages. Greek speakers of English were studied to determine on what basis they are making discrimination and identification between English vowels. The use of spectral and duration cues of English vowel minimal pairs (e.g., “beat” versus “bit”) in Greek speakers were studies using perception and discrimination tasks. There were two forms of perceptual, minimal pair identification tasks. One used natural stimuli and the other used matched vowel duration words to “force” the use of spectral cues. Performance was impaired for Greek speakers across both perceptual identification tasks compared to native speakers. But performance was the worst for Greek speakers for the matched duration condition. Interestingly, an AB‐X discrimination task with the same stimuli did not hamper the performance of the Greeks compar.
The long-term effects of families and educational provision on gifted children

Why are some children identified as gifted while others of the same potential are not? To find out why and what the consequences might be, in 1974 I began in England with 70 children recognised as gifted. Each of these Target children was matched for age, sex and socio-economic level with two Control children in the same school class (N=210). But where the first Control child had an identical intelligence, the second was chosen at random. Sixty-three schools were involved. Investigation was via a battery of tests and interactive questioning of pupils, teachers and parents in their schools and homes over 35 years. A major difference was that those labelled gifted had significantly more emotional problems (p<.01) than either of their Controls. By their mid-40s, whether labelled as gifted or not, high scholastic achievements at school had not reliably delivered outstanding life success. In general, though, the higher the intelligence the more successful the individuals were likely to be as adults in terms of life achievements. The vital foundations of recognisable success for the entire sample were hard work, emotional support and a positive personal outlook. An approach is suggested to increase the proportion of children recognised as gifted.
Experimental investigation of transport properties in chalcogenide materials through 1∕f noise measurements

Low-frequency noise spectral density in chalcogenide-based phase-change memory cells has been measured, discussing the role of trapping centers and static disorder as responsible for a noise level in the vitreous insulating state two orders of magnitude higher than in the ordered conducting polycrystalline one. The magnitude of 1∕f noise has been also studied as a function of the applied voltage and exploited to experimentally investigate the transport mechanisms in chalcogenide alloys, showing that the exponential increase of noise spectral density with voltage can be quantitatively explained by considering an avalanchelike multiplication phenomenon.
The Importance of Hope for Quality of Life in patients with Multiple Sclerosis

Aims: This study intent to describe the importance of Hope for Quality of Life in patients with Multiple Sclerosis. Evidence has indicated that Hope is important as a buffer between risk factors, physical and psychological health status and quality of life for patients with multiple sclerosis. Methods: The study was exploratory and descriptive. Setting: A general Hospital in Lisbon Portugal. Participants: 280 patients with Multiple Sclerosis. We explore the relationship between Hope and Quality of Life. The instruments used are Multiple Sclerosis Quality of Life scale (MSQol-54) and the Hope Scale. Results: The correlation between Hope scale and the domains of MSQOL-54: Physical Health (r=0.24, p<0.05), Physical Role Limitations (r=0.25, p<0.05), Emotional Role Limitations (r=0.35, p<0.05), Pain (r=0.28, p<0.05),Well-being (r=0.48, p<0.01), Energy (r=0.42, p<0.01), Health in General (r=0.41, p<0.01), Social Function (r=0.45, p<0.01), Cognitive Function (r=0.28, p<0.05), Health Distress (r=0.52, p<0.01), Overal Qol (r=0.49, p<0.01), Sexual function (r=0.33, p<0.05), Change in Health (r=-0.17, p<0.05), and Satisfaction with sexual function (r=0.33, p<0.05). Conclusions: There is a statistically significant correlation between the variables, suggesting that Hope can play an important role in the Quality of Life of patients with multiple sclerosis especial in domains as perception of Wellbeing, Health in General and Social Function and Distress.
Commissioning of the CCD231 4K×4K detector for PMAS

The PMAS integral field spectrophotometer, operated at the Calar Alto Observatory 3.5m Telescope, is one of the most demanded instruments of its kind. The optical system was designed for a camera field of view to accommodate a 4K×4K detector with 15μm pixels. However, due to a failure of one of the initially foreseen 2K×4K CCDs in a mosaic configuration, only half of the available field of view could be covered to date. Owing to the high demand from the user community, an upgrade to the full complement of 4K×4K pixels was envisaged, based on the availability of the new e2v CCD231 device. We describe the specification, implementation, test, and commissioning of this new detector for PMAS.
Locally linear actions on 3-manifolds

Let a finite group G act topologically on a closed smooth manifold Mn. One of the most natural and basic questions is whether such an action can be smoothed. More precisely, let γ:G × Mn → Mn be a topological action of G on Mn. The action γ can be smoothed if there exists a smooth action and an equivariant homeomorphism It is well known that for n ≤ 2 every finite topological group action on Mn is smoothable. However already for n = 3 there are examples of topological actions on 3-manifolds which cannot be smoothed (see [1, 2] and references there). All these actions fail to be smoothable because of bad local behaviour.
Quantification of Protein Uptake by Endocytosis in Carnivorous Nepenthales

Carnivorous plants adsorb prey-derived nutrients partly by endocytosis. This study quantifies endocytosis in Drosophyllum lusitanicum, Drosera capensis, Drosera roseana, Dionaea muscipula and Nepenthes × ventrata. Traps were exposed to 1% fluorescent-labeled albumin (FITC-BSA), and uptake was quantified repeatedly for 64 h. Formation of vesicles started after ≤1 h in adhesive traps, but only after 16 h in species with temporary stomach (D. muscipula and N. × ventrata). In general, there are similarities in the observed species, especially in the beginning stages of endocytosis. Nonetheless, further intracellular processing of endocytotic vesicles seems to be widely different between species. Endocytotic vesicle size increased significantly over time in all species except in D. capensis. Fluorescence intensity of the endocytotic vesicles increased in all species except D. muscipula. After 64 h, estimates for FITC-BSA absorption per gland ranged from 5.9 ± 6.3 ng in D. roseana to 47.8 ± 44.3 ng in N. × ventrata, demonstrating that endocytosis substantially contributes to the adsorption of prey-derived nutrients.
GEANT4 physics evaluation with testbeam data of the ATLAS hadronic end-cap calorimeter

The validation of GEANT4 physics models is done by comparing experimental data from beam tests of modules of the ATLAS hadronic end-cap calorimeter with GEANT4 based simulations. Various physics lists for the simulation of hadronic showers are evaluated. We present results of studies of the calorimeter performance parameters (like energy resolution and shower shapes) as well as results of investigations of the influence of the Birks' law and of cuts on the time of development of hadronic showers.
Method of Averages and Its Comparison with the Method of Least Squares

It is shown, under fairly general conditions, that the standard deviation of the residuals of the straight line fitting a set of points with uniformly spaced abscissas by the method of averages is at most 2/3 times as great as the standard deviation of the least‐squares line. Theorems of significance in the practical use of the method of averages are proven in the course of the analysis.
Dynamic Behavior Analysis and Synchronization of Memristor-Coupled Heterogeneous Discrete Neural Networks

Continuous memristors have been widely studied in recent years; however, there are few studies on discrete memristors in the field of neural networks. In this paper, a four-stable locally active discrete memristor (LADM) is proposed as a synapse, which is used to connect a two-dimensional Chialvo neuron and a three-dimensional KTZ neuron, and construct a simple heterogeneous discrete neural network (HDNN). Through a bifurcation diagram and Lyapunov exponents diagram, the period and chaotic regions of the discrete neural network model are shown. Through numerical analysis, it was found that the chaotic region and periodic region of the neural network based on DLAM are significantly improved. In addition, coexisting chaos and chaos attractors, coexisting periodic and chaotic attractors, and coexisting periodic and periodic attractors will appear when the initial value of the LADM is changed. Coupled by a LADM synapse, two heterogeneous discrete neurons are gradually synchronized by changing the coupling strength. This paper lays a good foundation for the future analysis of LADMs and the related research of discrete neural networks coupled by LADMs.
Tropical-cyclone forecasting: A worldwide summary of techniques and verification statistics

Abstract Questionnaire replies from forecasters in 16 tropical-cyclone warming centers are summarized to provide an overview of the current state of the science in tropical-cyclone analysis and forecasting. Information is tabulated on the data sources and techniques used, on their role and perceived usefulness, and on the levels of verification and accuracy of cyclone forecasting.
Learning from Their Mistakes: Using Students' Incorrect Proofs as a Pedagogical Tool

Abstract We describe a system whereby students in a proof-based mathematics course review and critique the proofs written by their peers. This peer review system—which is roughly modeled on the way peer reviews are used in teaching college composition—requires students to read mathematics more actively than they might if only reading proofs that are known to be correct. In this way, the potential for mistakes in the students' work is used as a pedagogical tool that can benefit the entire class.
A segmented regime-switching model with its application to stock market indices

This paper evaluates the ability of a Markov regime-switching log-normal (RSLN) model to capture the time-varying features of stock return and volatility. The model displays a better ability to depict a fat tail distribution as compared with using a log-normal model, which means that the RSLN model can describe observed market behavior better. Our major objective is to explore the capability of the model to capture stock market behavior over time. By analyzing the behavior of calibrated regime-switching parameters over different lengths of time intervals, the change-point concept is introduced and an algorithm is proposed for identifying the change-points in the series corresponding to the times when there are changes in parameter estimates. This algorithm for identifying change-points is tested on the Standard and Poor's 500 monthly index data from 1971 to 2008, and the Nikkei 225 monthly index data from 1984 to 2008. It is evident that the change-points we identify match the big events observed in the US stock market and the Japan stock market (e.g., the October 1987 stock market crash), and that the segmentations of stock index series, which are defined as the periods between change-points, match the observed bear–bull market phases.
Language-based retrieval difficulties in arithmetic: A single case intervention study comparing two children with SLI

The aim of this single-case intervention study was to examine whether difficulties in fluently retrieving language-based material are related to learning to retrieve arithmetical facts from long-term memory. Two 10-year-old Finnish-speaking children considered to have Specific Language Impairment (SLI) were trained individually twice a week for two months using computerised game-like addition tasks. The participants were matched for non-verbal reasoning and non-verbal numerical skills as well as linguistic skills (verbal short-term memory, comprehension and vocabulary). The key cognitive difference between the participants was naming fluency. Child A had difficulties in fluently retrieving language-based material while child B’s performance on the same task was close to age-mean. A multiple baseline across-subjects design was used, with three baseline assessments and three follow-up assessments. Before the intervention both children used finger-counting strategies only. During the intervention child B progressed from finger-counting strategies to fact retrieval, while child A continued to use finger counting only. The results suggest that the benefit of an intervention programme, focusing on teaching fluent calculation skills with simple additions, is related to the specific features of the child’s language competencies. It is proposed that an inability to shift from a finger counting to a fact retrieval strategy is connected to difficulties in fluent retrieval of language-based material from long-term memory.
Exploring the links between communication skills and social competence

This paper focuses on the development of communicative competence and its importance in facil-Hating the child’s social interaction and social acceptance. The relationship between social competence and communicative competence in normally developing children and in children with specific language impairment (SLI) is discussed and some results of a five-year longitudinal study of the social, educational and communicative development of eight children with SLI are reviewed. Significant variability between the children in this group in their levels of social competence appears to be related to their linguistic competence. However, social acceptance is also found to vary according to situation.
Podvertising: Podcast Listeners’ Advertising Attitudes, Consumer Actions and Preference for Host-Read Ads

While comparatively few scholarly studies exist on podcast advertising, market research substantiates the effectiveness of podcast advertisements. This academic study probed podcast listeners’ attitudes toward podcast advertising and motivations for consumer actions through survey research with 1714 respondents. Extending past research on attitudes toward advertising within a medium (Aam), consumer action, and listener preference for host-read podcast advertisements, this study proposes a theoretical framework that seeks to contribute to a fundamental understanding of how listeners interact with and process podcast advertising. Scale development included modifying existing scales for other media as well as original scale development using qualitative methods that were tested for validity and internal consistency. Results from the survey revealed that: (1) Podcast listeners have favorable attitudes toward podcast advertising, particularly host-read advertisements; (2) Podcast listeners are motivated by functional and socio-emotional reasons for consumer actions, which correlate with positive attitudes toward podcast advertising; and (3) The podcast consumption levels of listeners are moderate predictors of their attitudes toward podcast advertising and subsequent consumer action, while gender and age are weaker predictors.
Prevalence of Osteoporosis in Cirrhosis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

The prevalence of osteoporosis in individuals with cirrhosis varies based on the diagnostic approach and etiology of the underlying liver disease. This systematic review aims to evaluate the prevalence of osteoporosis in individuals with cirrhosis. Electronic databases were searched for studies reporting the prevalence of osteoporosis among patients with cirrhosis. The primary outcome was the presence of osteoporosis, as determined by a dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) scan. Secondary outcomes were levels of biochemical markers of bone metabolism, including calcium, vitamin D, phosphorus, and parathormone (PTH) levels. A cohort of 836 patients from 10 studies was included in the final analysis. The pooled rate of osteoporosis was 14.80% (95% CI: 14.19-15.49). Pooled levels of biochemical markers of bone metabolism were as follows: calcium 9.09 mg/dL (95% CI: 8.73-9.45), 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OH vitamin D) 15.41 ng/mL (95% CI: 14.79-16.03), phosphorus 15.41 mg/dL (95% CI: 2.99-3.51), and PTH 26.58 pg/mL (95% CI: 25.45-27.71). Pooled levels of liver biochemistries were: bilirubin 3.04 mg/dL (95% CI: 2.84-3.25), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) 65.35 U/L (95% CI: 61.39-69.31), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) 50.17 U/L (95% CI: 46.18-54.10), alkaline phosphatase 133.31 U/L (95% CI: 124.89-141.73), and albumin 3.25 g/dL (95% CI: 3.05-3.45). Cirrhosis appears to be associated with an increased risk for osteoporosis, with a pooled prevalence of 15%. This can include men and individuals younger than 50 years of age, a cohort not typically considered to be at an increased risk of osteoporosis. Levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) were also significantly low. Further studies are required to evaluate the risk of osteoporosis based on the etiology and stage of cirrhosis, especially in younger males, to incorporate this into future prediction models for fragility fractures.
Proposed Marketing Strategy for Increasing Batik Danar Hadi Purchase Intention among Gen Y and Z

Batik is Indonesian heritage that remains popular and have special place in Indonesia’s fashion industry. Indonesian people nowadays especially generation Y and Z use batik only on certain occasions because most of them still have the impression that batik is old-fashioned and only can be used in certain events. Batik Danar Hadi is one of pioneers for batik brand in Indonesia, their products can be worn daily which not only used for formal or important occasions. This study aims to examines how ad informativeness, ad persuasiveness, and brand awareness variables will influence purchase intention on Batik Danar Hadi with generation Y and Z as the objects. After analysing the result, Researcher proposed marketing strategy to Batik Danar Hadi according to the research results. Researchers have distributed questionnaires to assess the variables of ad informativeness, ad persuasiveness, brand awareness and purchase intentions. The results of the survey were 426 respondents, 350 respondents filled in completely, 25 respondents were dropped due to invalid data (including inverse, standard deviation, and outliers), leaving 325 respondents who met the criteria. Before distributing the research questionnaires, the researcher had carried out a small sample measurement of 30 people to get suggestions, input, and comments from respondents if there were statements that could not be understood. In this study, instrument testing was carried out with reliability and validity tests, model testing, and hypothesis testing using the SmartPLS3 test tool. The researcher developed the solutions as a solution for the business issue in a form of marketing strategy. The results of this study indicate that ad informativeness and ad persuasiveness have a positive and significant effect on brand awareness, while brand awareness has a positive and significant effect on purchase intention.
The First Caltech-Jodrell Bank VLBI Survey. III. VLBI and MERLIN Observations at 5 GHz and VLA Observations at 1.4 GHz

We present the 5 GHz results from the first Caltech-Jodrell Bank (CJ1) VLBI survey. The 1.6 GHz maps were presented in two separate papers (Polatidis et al. 1995; Thakkar et al. 1995). These three papers complete the first stage of this program to map at both 1.6 and 5 GHz all objects accessible to Mark II VLBI in the complete sample of 135 objects with 1.3 > S_(5 GHz) ≥ 0.7 Jy, δ(1950) ≥ 35°, and |b| > 10°. The combination of the CJ1 sample with the Pearson-Readhead (PR) sample provides a complete, flux density-limited sample of 200 objects with S_(5 GHz) ≥ 0.7 Jy, δ(1950) ≥35°, and |b| > 10° for which all of the objects accessible to Mark II VLBI have been mapped at both 5 GHz(129 objects) and 1.6 GHz(132 objects). In addition to the 5 GHz VLBI maps, we present in this paper 5 GHz MERLIN observations of 20 objects and 1.4 GHz VLA observations of 92 objects in the combined CJ1 + PR sample. The VLA maps, together with L- band (1.3-1.7 GHz) maps available in the literature, provide a complete set of VLA maps for the combined CJ1 + PR sample. Finally, we present the radio spectra of the objects in the CJ1 sample. The combined CJ1 + PR VLBI surveys provide a sample which is large enough for a number of important astrophysical and cosmological studies. These will be presented in further papers in this series.
Memory effect in an incommensurate phase of barium sodium niobate

Abstract In order to investigate a microstructure giving rise to a memory effect in the incommensurate phase of barium sodium niobate (BSN), in-situ observations of a tetragonal-to-incommensurate phase transition were made in both non-annealed and annealed samples by means of a transmission electron microscope. Note that only the annealed sample exhibits the memory effect found in the incommensurate phase of BSN. In a case of the non-annealed sample, when the sample is cooled from the high-temperature tetragonal phase, a region having a plate-shaped contrast, a microdomain structure, appears around 260°C, together with a region having the dot-shaped contrast. From the examination of the contrast reverse in the satellite dark field images with different reflection spots, the microdomain structure is understood to be composed of two 1q ferroelastic microdomains and can be regarded as the 2q tetragonal state in an average structure. The region of the dot-shaped contrast is, on the other hand, the 1q orthorho.