Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Transportation of complexing agents released by pulp and paper industry: A Finnish lake case

Complexing agents (EDTA, DTPA) are used to bind metal ions in pulp and paper industry. Their role will increase significantly when the total chlorine free (TCF) processes will be applied to a larger extent. EDTA and DTPA were analysed in the waters from the southern part of the Lake Saimaa (SE Finland) influenced by the effluents of three pulp and paper mills. The samples were collected at different distances from the points of emission. The results of analyses suggest that EDTA can persist in lake water and is able to propagate for considerable distances, while DTPA can be detected only in the near surroundings of the site of release. Some EDTA was found even in the sampling points that were considered as background reference. The environmental fate of complexing agents is discussed.
Electronic Energy Relaxation in Toluene Vapor

Fluorescence and crossover to the triplet state are the only important relaxation paths for toluene excited to the lowest vibrational level of the first singlet state. The fluorescent yield at 2668A is 0.30 ± 0.07 and this is zero at 2400 A. The triplet yield (Cundall method) is 0.70 ± 0.03 at 2668 A and is lower at shorter wavelengths. Probably fluorescence and crossover to the triplet state occur only from the vibrationless level of the upper singlet state under the experimental conditions used. Some other process must become important at short wavelengths, and this process competes successfully with vibrational relaxation. Fluorescence of toluene is quenched by krypton and xenon presumably because of collision‐induced crossover to the triplet state.
PENINGKATAN KUALITAS SEMEN KAMBING BOER DENGAN PEMBERIAN VITAMIN E DAN MINERAL Zn

Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui pengaruh penambahan vitamin E dan mineral Zn terhadap kualitas semen kambing Boer. Rancangan yang digunakan adalah rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) dengan empat perlakuan, yakni P0= tanpa penambahan vitamin E maupun mineral Zn; P1= pemberian vitamin E 50 IU/ekor/hari; P2= pemberian mineral Zn 25 mg/ekor/hari; P3= pemberian vitamin E 50 IU/ekor/hari dan mineral Zn 25 mg/ekor/hari. Penelitian menggunakan 12 ekor kambing berumur 3 tahun, masing-masing perlakuan menggunakan 3 ekor kambing. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis menggunakan analisis ragam dan dilanjutkan dengan uji beda nyata terkecil (BNT). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemberian vitamin E dan mineral Zn serta kombinasi keduanya tidak memengaruhi volume semen kambing Boer, tetapi berpengaruh terhadap motilitas dan persentase spermatozoa abnormal (P<0,05) dan terhadap persentase spermatozoa hidup (P<0,01). Pemberian mineral Zn dan campurannya dengan vitamin E mampu meningkatkan kualitas spermatozoa kambing Boer.
Development and performance evaluation of impact bambara groundnut sheller

A b s t r a c t. A centrifugal bambara groundnut sheller was designed, constructed and evaluated. The sheller consists of a feed hopper with a flow rate control device, shelling unit, separating unit and power system. Nine different impellers were used for the investigation at three different pod moisture contents. Results of the performance tests were examined using a 3x3x3 factorial design with moisture content, impeller slot angulations and number of impeller slots as variables. Results showed that moisture content, impeller slot angulations, number of impeller slots and interaction between these variables statistically affected the performance indicators (shelling efficiency, percentage of breakage, percentage of partially shelled pods, percentage of unshelled pods and winnowing efficiency) at the significance level of 5%. The forward facing impeller with eight slots gave the best performance of 96% shelling efficiency, 3.4% breakage, 0.6% partially shelled pods. No unshelled pods were recorded, and winnowing efficiency of 97.3% was recorded at an average feed rate of 215.8 kg h -1 .
DENSITY FUNCTIONAL THEORY OF CRYSTAL GROWTH : LENNARD-JONES FLUIDS

We employ an extension of density functional theory to the dynamics of phase transitions in order to study the velocities of crystal growth and melting at planar undercooled and superheated crystal‐melt interfaces. The free energy functional we use has a square‐gradient form, with the parameters for a Lennard‐Jones interaction potential determined by a modified weighted density approximation (MWDA) applied locally through the liquid–solidinterface. We explore the role of the density change on freezing in crystal and melt growth, and discover a significant asymmetry between freezing and melting both close to and far from the equilibrium freezing point. The behavior of the superheated solid is governed by the close proximity of a spinodal, whereas in the undercooled liquid there is no evidence for a spinodal and the growth at large undercoolings is affected instead by the density deficit that appears in front of the growinginterface. Comparisons are made with other density functional approaches and with computer simulations.
Éthyl 5-méthylthio-3-(4-nitrophényl)-3a-phényl-3a,4-dihydro-3H-[1,2,4]­triazolo[4,3-a][1,5]benzodiazépine-1-carboxylate

Condensation of N-p-nitrophenyl-C-ethoxycarbonylnitril­im­ine with 2-methylthio-4-phenyl-3H-1,5-benzodiazepine leads to the title compound, C26H23N5O4S. It has been established that 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition occurs on the C4 =N5 double bond of the 1,5-benzodiazepine.
A study of the power absorption and temperature distribution during microwave reheating of instant rice

Summary Microwave heating is a rapid and convenient food-reheating method. However, uneven heating often occurs. To study the ‘cold spot’ problem of chilled instant rice during microwave reheating, online monitor was used to determine the temperature distribution during reheating. A cylindrical model was used to simulate the microwave reheating process of instant rice, and Lambert’s law was applied to analyse the microwave power absorption of rice and to predict the reheating temperature. The results showed that the internal temperature was highest at the geometric centre during microwave reheating. The predicted data using Lambert’s law matched the experimental results with relatively good agreement, and the correlation coefficient R2 is between 0.990 and 0.999.
Solid state chemistry of Fe–Ga mixed oxides

Several Fe–Ga mixed oxide samples denoted as Fe1 − xGax (x = 0, 0.10, 0.25, 0.50, 0.75, 0.90) have been synthesised by a conventional coprecipitation method at controlled pH, dried at 363 K for 24 hours and calcined at 673 K and 1073 K for 3 hours. All samples were characterised by X-ray diffraction, chemical analyses, thermogravimetry and differential thermal analysis (TG-DTA) and FT-IR and UV-VIS spectroscopies. It was found all materials formed a solid solution, α-(Fe,Ga)2O3, in the entire Fe/Ga compositional range until 673 K. Samples calcined at 1073 K gave rise to biphasic systems for x > 0.5 due to the different structure of β-Ga2O3 compared to α-Fe2O3. Surface acidity of samples was studied by pivalonitrile molecule adsorption on a pressed pellet of each material, and weak Lewis acidity was found in all cases, it not being possible to distinguish between both types of cation site on the surface, and Bronsted acidity that increased with increasing Ga content. Methanol molecules were also adsorbed, showing an increase of reactivity for those samples with very low Ga content.
Electronic Structure of Vertically Aligned Mn-Doped CoFe2O4 Nanowires and Their Application as Humidity Sensors and Photodetectors

Vertically aligned CoFe2O4 and 10% Mn-doped CoFe2O4 nanowires were synthesized by the gas-phase reduction/substitution reaction of pregrown α-Fe2O3 nanowires. They consisted of perfect single-crystalline cubic structures grown along the [110] direction. The increase of the lattice constant provides evidence for the effective Mn substitution. We investigated their electronic structures using X-ray absorption spectroscopy and X-ray magnetic circular dichroism. The results suggest that as the Mn substitutes, Mn2+/Mn3+ ions would occupy the octahedral (Oh) sites, Mn4+ ions form at the tetrahedral (Td) sites, and a fraction of the Co2+ ions migrate from the Oh sites to the Td sites. The effective Mn substitution can increase the hole concentration, which makes it possible to develop humidity sensors operating at room temperature. Furthermore, it induces high photocurrents upon irradiation of visible light.
Naturally high nitrate concentrations in groundwaters from the Sahel

Nitrate concentrations in excess of 50 to 100 mg L−1 NO3-N are found widely in interstitial waters from unsaturated Quaternary sands in northern Senegal. These high concentrations and correspondingly enhanced NO3/Cl ratios are being produced in the soil zone beneath both uncultivated and rain-fed cultivated areas. High nitrate (avg. 11 mg L−1 NO3-N) is also found extensively in shallow groundwaters. The NO3-N signature is preserved as a result of the aerobic conditions. The unsaturated zone contains a history of N inputs over a period of approximately 50 to 400 yr. Variations in the NO3/Cl ratio are mainly related to the growth of natural or introduced leguminous vegetation. There is also evidence that high ratios relate to wetter and low values to more arid climatic periods. These results, taken together with evidence from other parts of the world, demonstrate that high nitrate concentrations are likely to be a widespread and established phenomenon of groundwaters in semiarid regions.
Effects of Azospirillum inoculation on sweetpotato grown on sandy tin-tailing soil

Abstract Sweetpotato [Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam. ], the second most important root crop in Malaysia after cassava, is grown mainly on marginal soils such as peat and sandy tin‐tailing. The sandy tin‐tailing soil, with more than 90% sand, requires higher fertilizer input. Thus, the cost of crop production on such soil can be very expensive when the prize of fertilizer increases. The use of bio‐fertilizer such as the nitrogen (N)‐fixing bacteria can reduce fertilizer application and consequently reduces production cost. This study was undertaken to investigate the possibility of using Azospirillum brasilense to replace N fertilizer for sweetpotato variety UPMSS5 production on sandy tin‐tailing soil. Three strains of A. brasilense, namely sp7, UPMB12, and UPMB14 were used. They were inoculated with and without N fertilizer application at 1/3 (33 kg N ha‐1) of the 100 kg N ha‐1 recommended for sweetpotato production on sandy soils. The results showed that plants inoculated with Azospirillum produced similar or .
Crescimento e sintomas visuais de deficências de micronutrientes em umbuzeiros

The effect of micronutrient omission on growth and nutritional deficiency symptoms in umbuzeiro seedlings cultivated in nutrient solution was evaluated in this work. The experimental design was completely randomized with four replication and seven treatments, being them: complete (all the nutrients), with individual omission of B, Cu, Fe, Mn and Zn and simultaneous omission of Zn and Cu. The absence of B, Cu, Fe, Mn and Zn in the nutrient solution implicated on the reduction plants development inducing morphologic alterations with characteristic symptoms of nutritional deficiency of each nutrient. The umbuzeiro was shown more demanding in B, Fe and Zn in the initial phase of growth than Mn and Cu. The reduction in the total dry matter of the umbuzeiro seedlings was influenced in the following order: Fe > B > Zn > Zn+Cu > Cu > Mn.
Uptake and Distribution of Arsenic in Chickpea: Effects on Seed Yield and Seed Composition

Chickpea plants were grown in arsenic (As)–contaminated soils (5 mg kg−1 of dry soil) and investigated for As uptake, distribution, and effects on growth, yield, and quality of seeds. The roots accumulated the greatest As (7 mg kg−1 dry weight), followed by stem (4.8 mg), leaves (4.0 mg), and seeds (0.7 mg). Arsenic inhibited the growth of the roots and shoots (as dry weight) by 65% and 60%, respectively, over controls. The shoot/root ratio declined from 4.3 in the control to 3.5 in As-treated plants. The seed yield (g) and number of pods plant−1 decreased by 66 and 53%, respectively, over controls. A marked increase in membrane damage coupled with reduction in chlorophyll and relative leaf water content occurred in As-treated plants. The contaminated plants showed 34% and 25% decrease over control in sucrose content in their leaves and seeds, respectively. The accumulation of seed reserves such as starch, proteins, sugars, and minerals was inhibited significantly due to As-treated plants. Storage proteins such as albumins, globulins, glutelins and prolamins decreased significantly with larger effect on glutelins. The contents of minerals such as calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P), and iron (Fe) declined greatly in the seeds of As-treated plants. The accumulation of amino acids such as lysine, methionine + cystine, phenylalanine + tyrosine, proline, threonine, tryptophan, and valine was inhibited significantly in the seeds of As-applied plants compared to the control. The findings indicated that As application markedly reduced the quality of the chickpea seeds, especially in terms of proteins and minerals.
Genetic Study of Key Spanish Grapevine Varieties Using Microsatellite Analysis

One hundred eleven Spanish accessions of Vitis vinifera L. that had been previously differentiated by a morphological and isoenzymatic survey have been analyzed in order to resolve existing doubts and to build an easily accessible database for comparison with existing databases. Ninety-six different genotypes were observed through the analysis of 13 microsatellite loci (VVMD5, VVMD7, VVMD27, VVMD28, VVS2, VVS5, VVS29, ssrVrZAG 29, ssrVrZAG 62, ssrVrZAG 67, ssrVrZAG 83, ssrVrZAG 79, and ssrVrZAG 112). Some of the coincidences found correspond to sports. Some other cases may be viewed as authentic synonymies, while others are errors. The analysis of genetic similarity does not allow for the drawing of any general conclusions about the origin of Spanish variety groupings, although the high proportion of alleles shared among certain varieties may suggest a common origin.
The delta9-desaturation of dietary trans octadecenoic acids (trans11 and trans12 18:1) and the clinical relevance in humans

Als Folge der t11 und t12 Supplementation (S 6.0 g/d) stieg der Gehalt von t11, t12 und c9,t11 CLA in den Lipiden des Serums sowie in den Membranen der Erythrozyten und peripheren mononuklearen Zellen signifikant an, wobei der Anteil von c9,t12 18:2 unverandert blieb. Die mittlere Konversionsrate von t11 lag bei 20 - 25 %. Die Serumlipide, Lipoproteine und Biomarker des Immunsystems und der Inflammation (Interleukine, TNFa, CRP, Prostacyclin, sPLA2, ICAM-1, Leptin, Adiponectin) unterlagen ebenfalls keinen Veranderungen. Die D9-Desaturation ist das Hauptkriterium, welches die t11 (naturliches trans-Isomere) von anderen trans 18:1 Isomeren wie t9- und t10-18:1, und resultierend aus den durchgefuhrten Studien, der t12 unterscheidet.
Efficient absorption of ammonia with hydroxyl-functionalized ionic liquids

Ammonia (NH3) emitted from the ammonia synthesis process is a kind of waste chemical resource and a major environmental pollutant. The traditional water scrubbing method suffers from high energy consumption due to the concentrated NH3 from aqueous ammonia. Therefore, it is desirable to develop novel absorbents for the efficient, reversible and environmentally-friendly recovery of NH3. In this paper, a series of hydroxyl-functionalized imidazolium ILs ([EtOHmim]X, X = [NTf2], [PF6], [BF4], [DCA], [SCN] and [NO3]) were designed and prepared. Their physical properties and NH3 absorption capacities under different temperatures and pressures were systematically investigated. The effects of hydroxyl cation, anionic structures, pressure and temperature on absorption performance were sufficiently studied. In addition, the absorption mechanism was investigated in detail by spectral analysis and quantum chemistry calculations. Compared with conventional IL [Emim]X, a higher absorption capacity was achieved by introducing the hydroxyl group on the imidazolium cation. The mechanism results showed the fascinating absorption performance of the task-specific ILs was attributed to the stronger hydrogen bonding interaction between NH3 and the H atom of the hydroxyl group. Considering the excellent absorption performance, high thermal stability, and super reversibility, this type of IL provides great improvement over conventional IL and shows their enormous potential in NH3 recovery.
The lithium extraction/insertion mechanism in Li2FeSiO4

The lithium extraction and insertion mechanism in the cathode material Li2FeSiO4 has been monitored by in situ X-ray diffraction and Mossbauer spectroscopy during the first two cycles. The residual amounts of Li2FeSiO4 and LiFeSiO4 in the fully charged and discharged states are 5% and 10%, respectively, on the basis of both Mossbauer spectroscopy and powder XRD studies; this is also in good agreement with the results of electrochemical measurements. The observed lowering of the potential plateau from 3.10 to 2.80 V during the first cycle can be explained by a structural rearrangement in which some of the Li ions (in the 4b site) and Fe ions (in the 2a site) become interchanged.
Reinvestigation of the molecular structure of gaseous p‐benzoquinone by electron diffraction

The molecular structure of gaseous p‐benzoquinone has been studied by electron diffraction at a nozzle‐tip temperature of 110–125°C. The molecule has D2h symmetry to within experimental error. The results for the more important distance (ra), bond angle, and rms amplitude (l) parameters are rC–H=1.089 A (0.011), rC=O=1.225 A (0.002), rC=C=1.344 A (0.003), rC–C=1.481 A (0.002), ∠C2C1C6=118.1° (0.3), ∠C3C2H=121.4° (assumed), lC–H=0.077 A (assumed), lC=O=0.0424 A (0.0020), lC=C=0.0446 A (0.0024), and lC–C=0.0546 A (0.0024). These values are in good agreement with those found in an early electron‐diffraction study by Swingle, and except for the length of the carbon‐carbon double bond, in excellent agreement with those found in the crystal by Trotter.
Effect of Triton X-405 on the Adsorption and Desorption of Single-Stranded DNA Fragments onto Positively Charged Latex Particles

The influence of a nonionic surfactant (Triton X-405) on the adsorption behavior of single-stranded oligodeoxyribonucleotide (poly(thymidylic acid) (dT35)) onto cationic aminated polystyrene latex particles has been investigated. A preliminary study was performed on the adsorption of Triton X-405 onto these cationic particles, showing a maximum amount of ∼0.5 mg m-2 at the plateau. Desorption of the nonionic surfactant even after an extensive cleaning procedure was not completed, indicating that probably low HLB (hydrophilic and lipophilic balance) species were still strongly adsorbed. The modification of the electrophoretic mobility of the latex particles together with the slight decrease in the colloidal stability suggested that the residual Triton X-405 molecules would adopt a flat conformation at the particles surface. Then, the adsorption behavior of dT35 onto precoated cationic latex was thoroughly examined under various conditions and compared with the case of bare latex particles. It was clearly e.
Concentrations of Ergosterol and Trichothecenes in the Grains of Three Triticum Species

WiwartM. ,�PerkowskiJ. ,�BudzynskiW. ,�SuchowilskaE. ,�BuśkoM. ,�MatysiakA. �(2011):�Concen - trations of ergosterol and trichothecenes in the grains of three Triticum species . �CzechJ. �FoodSci. ,� 29:�430-440. Theconcentrationsofergosterol, � typeAtrichothecenes � (HT-2� toxin, � T-2� tetraolandscirpentriol), � andtypeBtri - chothecenes �(deoxynivalenol, �3-acetyldeoxynivalenol, �15-acetyldeoxynivalenol, �nivalenol, �fusarenoneX)�weredetermined� inthegrainsofthreewheatwintercultivarsofTriticum aestivum, T. spelta ,�andT. durum . �Thehighestconcentrations� ofergosterol � (3.3� × � 10 4 � μg/kg) � anddeoxynivalenol � (654.67� μg/kg) � werenotedinthegrainofT. durum . � Ergosterol� concentrationsdidnotdecreasefollowingthefungicideapplication. �Theresultsoftheprincipalcomponentanalysis� showedthatthequantitativeandqualitativeprofilesoftoxicmetabolitesinT. durum differedsignificantlyfromthose� obtainedfortheremainingtwowheatspecies. �Astrongcorrelationbetweentheconcentrationsofergosterolandde- oxynivalenol �(r�=�0.920)�indicatedthepredominanceofpathogenicfungiofthegenusFusariuminwheatgrain.
Dissociation Energy of N2

An attempt has been made to observe the thermal dissociation of N2 in order to choose between the two values, 7.385 ev and 9.765 ev, for the dissociation energy of N2. At the highest available temperatures no dissociation could be observed, and a lower limit of 8.80 ev is set for D(N2).
A Case for Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase–Targeted Therapy for Infectious Disease

PI3Ks activate critical signaling cascades and have multifaceted regulatory functions in the immune system. Loss-of-function and gain-of-function mutations in the PI3Kδ isoform have revealed that this enzyme can substantially impact immune responses to infectious agents and their products. Moreover, reports garnered from decades of infectious disease studies indicate that pharmacologic inhibition of the PI3K pathway could potentially be effective in limiting the growth of certain microbes via modulation of the immune system. In this review, we briefly highlight the development and applications of PI3K inhibitors and summarize data supporting the concept that PI3Kδ inhibitors initially developed for oncology have immune regulatory potential that could be exploited to improve the control of some infectious diseases. This repurposing of existing kinase inhibitors could lay the foundation for alternative infectious disease therapy using available therapeutic agents.
Patient �ow dynamics in hospital systems during times of COVID-19: Cox proportional hazard regression analysis.

Objectives: The present study is aimed at estimating patient �ow dynamical parameters and requirement of hospital beds. Secondly, the effects of age and gender on parameters were evaluated. Patients and Methods: In this retrospective cohort study, 987 COVID-19 patients were enrolled from SMS Medical College, Jaipur (Rajasthan, India). The survival analysis was carried out from 29 Feb to 19 May 2020 for two hazards – ‘Hazard 1’ was hospital discharge and ‘Hazard 2’ was hospital death. The starting point for survival analysis of the two hazards was considered to be hospital admission . The survival curves were estimated and additional effects of age and gender were evaluated using Cox proportional hazard regression analysis. Results: The Kaplan Meier estimates of lengths of hospital stay (Median =10 days, IQR =10 days) and median survival rate ( more than 60 days due to large amount of censored data) were obtained. The Cox Model for ‘Hazard 1’ showed no signi�cant effect of age and gender on duration of hospital stay. Similarly, the Cox Model 2 showed no signi�cant difference of gender on survival rate. The case fatality rate 8.1 % , recovery rate 78.8% , mortality rate 0.10 per 100 person--days and hospital admission rate 0.35 per 10 5 person-days were estimated. Conclusion : The study estimates hospital bed requirement based on patient �ow dynamic parameters. Furthermore, study concludes that average length of hospital stay were similar for patients of both genders and all age groups.