Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Pediatric Non-Rhabdomyosarcoma Soft Tissue Sarcomas: Standard of Care and Treatment Recommendations from the European Paediatric Soft Tissue Sarcoma Study Group (EpSSG)

Abstract This paper describes the standard of care for patients with non-rhabdomyosarcoma soft tissue sarcomas (NRSTS) and the therapeutic recommendations developed by the European paediatric Soft tissue sarcoma Study Group (EpSSG). NRSTS form a very mixed group of mesenchymal extraskeletal malignancies. Their rarity, heterogeneity, and aggressiveness make the management of children and adolescents with these tumors complex and challenging. The overall cure rate for patients with NRSTS is around 70%, but survival depends on several prognostic variables, such as histotype and tumor grade, extent of disease and stage, tumor size, and tumor site. While surgery remains the mainstay of treatment for most of these tumors, a multimodal therapeutic approach including radiotherapy and chemotherapy is required in many cases. The EpSSG NRSTS 2005 study was the first prospective protocol tailored specifically to NRSTS. Together with the ARST0332 study developed by the North-American Soft Tissue Sarcoma Committee of the Children’s Oncology Group (COG), the EpSSG NRSTS 2005 study currently represents the benchmark for these tumors, establishing risk-adapted standards of care. The EpSSG has developed common treatment recommendations for the large group of adult-type NRSTS (including synovial sarcoma), and specific treatment recommendations for other particular adult-type histologies (ie, alveolar soft-part sarcoma, clear cell sarcoma and dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans); other highly malignant tumors with a biology and clinical behavior differing from those of adult-type NRSTS (ie, rhabdoid tumors and desmoplastic small round cell tumor); and soft tissue tumors of intermediate malignancy (ie desmoid-type fibromatosis, inflammatory myofibroblastic tumors, and infantile fibrosarcoma). New effective drugs are needed for patients whose NRSTS carries the worst prognosis, ie, those with unresectable tumors, metastases at diagnosis, or relapsing disease. Progress in this area relies on our ability to develop international integrated prospective collaborations, both within existing pediatric oncology networks and, importantly, between the communities of specialists treating pediatric and adult sarcoma.
Pulsed Demand Modeling for the Optimal Placement of Water Quality Sensors in Water Distribution Networks

This paper deals with the issue of the consistency of water distribution network (WDN) modeling concerning the nature of demand for the optimal water quality sensor placement. In this regard, a biobjective optimization for the sensor placement is carried out by minimizing the contamination extension or the contaminated population in the trade‐off with the number of sensors installed, by considering two alternative demand modeling conditions, that is, smooth and pulsed demand, respectively. The real layout of the two Italian WDNs is considered for the application of the methodology. The results show that for a given placement of sensors, the contamination extension always increases when the pulsed demand is considered. Furthermore, optimal sensor positions are affected by the pulsed demand especially in the case of highly looped WDN layouts and when the extent of contamination is used as objective function.
Calculation of magnetic coupling constants with hybrid density functionals

The currently available computational methods for the calculation of magnetic coupling constants with density functional theory have been reviewed. These methods include modern approximations to the exchangecorrelation functional, such as hybrid, range-separated and double-hybrid functionals, as well as approaches to treat the severe spin symmetry problems encountered in density functional calculations of magnetic interactions. In addition to the commonly used unrestricted Kohn–Sham formalism, density functional methods based on multireference wave functions and ensemble densities are also discussed. Performance of these models based on various studies has been summarized. The results indicate that self-interaction error plays an important role in the performance of density functional methods and is responsible for many of their shortcomings. If the self-interaction error and problems related to spin symmetry are treated in a theoretically correct manner, density functional theory can offer a very good description of magnetic coupling constants.
Momentum/Energy Integral Technique (MEIT) User's Manual

Abstract : This document presents a user's manual for the Momentum/Energy Integral Technique (MEIT) Computer Program, including a general description of the theory and solution procedure, the verification of the approach, as well as a detailed set of input instructions. MEIT is a boundary layer integral code which solves both the integral momentum and energy equations to predict the heat transfer coefficient for rocket nozzle environments. A significant difference between MEIT and previous boundary layer codes is its ability to account for the effects of surface roughness. (Author)
Record of bees and wasps (Insecta: Hymenoptera) during the dry season in a floodplain in the South Pantanal, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil

We reported the hymenopteran fauna (except Formicidae) in a floodable area in the South Pantanal, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. The study was conducted in a riparian forest of the Miranda river, located in the Passo do Lontra region, Corumbá. The collection occurred in the dry season of August 2016 using different capture methods. A total of 137 individuals distributed in 18 families, 43 genera, and 64 morphospecies (10 nominal) were collected. The families with the greatest richness were Diapriidae and Ichneumonidae with 11 morphospecies each (17% of the total), followed by Platygastridae and Braconidae with 10 and nine, respectively. Two species were newly recorded for Brazil: Gryonoides pulchellus Dodd, 1920 (Platygastridae) and Losada penai Fritz, 1873 (Crabronidae), plus 22 new records for Mato Grosso do Sul. This study increases about 5.2% of the wasp fauna recorded in Mato Grosso do Sul, as well as for the Pantanal.
IMPACT OF HEAT STRESS ON AGRO-MORPHOMETRIC AND FIBERRELATED TRAITS IN INDIGENOUS UPLAND COTTON GENOTYPES UNDER SEMI-ARID CONDITIONS

To understand the impact of heat stress on agro-morphological and fiber quality-related traits in cotton, nine locally developed cotton genotypes were grown under heat stress conditions (Late sowing) at the cotton research station, Bahawalpur. Genotypes were laid-out under randomized complete block design (RCBD) in triplicates, where plant to plant and bed to bed distance was maintained as 30 cm and 75 cm, respectively. Data was collected from selected, guarded plants for agronomic as well as fiber quality-related traits. The resultsunveiled the presence of significant variations for studied traits under high temperature conditions. The correlation analysis revealed the significant association of seed cotton yield with plant population (0.403**), monopodial branches per plant (0.267**), fiber strength (0.070*), CLCuV incidence percentage (-0.475**), fiber length (-0.447**), nodes per plant (-0.186*), sympodial branches per plant (-0.186*), and fiber fineness (-0.077*). The multivariate approaches i.e., Principal component, biplot, and cluster analysis classify and characterize cotton genotypes on the basis of their heat tolerance capacity. Moreover, these multivariate analyses showed that BH-377, BH-272, and BH-283 were the most heat tolerant genotypes while BH-283 and BH-284 showed comparatively good CLCuV tolerance. Therefore, these genotypes should be recommended for sowing in heat and CLCuV effected areas of Pakistan after their large-scale, multilocation testing.
Bootstrap for estimating the mean squared error of the Spatial EBLUP

This work assumes that the small area quantities of interest follow a Fay-Herriot model with spatially correlated random area effects. Under this model, parametric and nonparametric bootstrap procedures are proposed for estimating the mean squared error of the EBLUP (Empirical Best Linear Unbiased Predictor). A simulation study compares the bootstrap estimates with an asymptotic analytical approximation and studies the robustness to non-normality. Finally, two applications with real data are described.
Assessment of the Quality of Active Family Leisure

Study purpose. The study was aimed at assessing the quality of active family leisure and identifying motivations for and interests in health-enhancing and recreational physical activity of parents and children. Materials and methods. The study involved 106 families. A set of generally accepted research methods was used including theoretical analysis and generalization of scientific and methodological literature as well as domestic and international practical experience related to family leisure; sociological methods (questionnaire surveys), and mathematical statistics methods. Results. The questionnaire survey provided an opportunity to identify priority areas of joint physical activity of children and parents and to assess the quality of family well-being and active family leisure. The attitude of parents to winter types of recreation in the organization of active leisure was identified. According to the survey data, 9.4% of the families had a high level, 59.4% had an average level, 30.3% had a satisfactory level, and 0.9% had an unsatisfactory level of family well-being. The vast majority of respondents (45.2%) believed that their family members had a satisfactory level of physical activity, 40.6% of families reported they had an average level, only 10.4% indicated they had a high level, and 3.8% said they had an unsatisfactory level. Among the surveyed families, 63.2% indicated an average level of satisfaction with family leisure, 29.2% rated their leisure as satisfactory, and the remaining 3.8% indicated an excellent or unsatisfactory level. Conclusions. The focus was on identifying prevailing motivations, which contribute to the optimization of the family leisure process and the degree of activity when using recreational technologies. The obtained results indicate a significant potential for expanding physical activity of families with children, including through the use of winter recreation.
Structure SLAM with points, planes and objects

ABSTRACT Simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) is a fundamental problem for indoor mobile robots operating in unknown environments. While visual SLAM systems often use geometry features, the reconstructed maps lack semantic information. On the other hand, current object detection methods provide rich information about the scene from the image. In this paper, we present a structure SLAM system with feature points, geometry planes, and semantic objects. Unlike other systems modeling planes and objects as collections of points, we choose a parametric representation for these landmarks. For every single frame, we start by generating cuboid candidates of detected objects with varying dimensions and orientations, then use 2D-3D fitting constraints to calculate the cuboid's translation, and finally introduce 3D spatial and 2D image constraints to select the best cuboid candidate. For SLAM optimization, the detected planes and objects can provide geometry constraints to improve the localization result, and act as landmarks to reconstruct a semantic map. Experiments on the ICL NUIM RGB-D dataset show that the proposed point-plane-object SLAM system can slightly improve localization accuracy, and is able to build a semantic map of the environment. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
Bilingualism, Culture, and Executive Functions: Is There a Relationship?

The relationship between executive functions (EF) and bilingualism has dominated debate in the field. This debate was characterised by optimism for a bilingual advantage until the last decade, when a steady stream of articles reported failure to find a consistently positive effect for bilingualism. In addition to addressing concerns about study quality, this turn of events has spurred research into other variables that may explain the conflicting findings. While recent studies have focused on sociodemographic variables and interactional contexts such as age, code-switching frequency, and socioeconomic class to account for various group and individual differences, the impact of culture is seldom scrutinised. This paper examines the possible effect of culture among bilingual studies on EF by first contextualising how bilingual EF are studied and outlining the absence of culture as a macro variable, followed by a discussion on how culture and language are often conflated. This paper directs attention to the small but emerging research that tracks the importance of culture as a separate variable from language. This review discusses why macro culture and individual monoculturalism or biculturalism need to be carefully elucidated as a factor that can interact with the bilingual experience in shaping EF.
Ensembles of Classifiers: a Bias-Variance Perspective

Ensembles are a straightforward, remarkably eﬀective method for improving the accuracy, calibration, and robustness of neural networks on classiﬁcation tasks. Yet, the reasons underlying their success remain an active area of research. Building upon Pfau (2013), we turn to the bias-variance decomposition of Bregman divergences in order to gain insight into the behavior of ensembles under classiﬁcation losses. Introducing a dual reparameterization of the bias-variance decomposition, we ﬁrst derive generalized laws of total expectation and variance, then discuss how bias and variance terms can be estimated empirically. Next, we show that the dual reparameterization naturally introduces a way of constructing ensembles which reduces the variance and leaves the bias unchanged. Conversely, we show that ensembles that directly average model outputs can arbitrarily increase or decrease the bias. Empirically, we see that such ensembles of neural networks may reduce the bias. We conclude with an empirical analysis of ensembles over neural network architecture hyperparameters, revealing that these techniques allow for more eﬃcient bias reduction than standard ensembles.
Low‐Frequency Weather and the Emergence of the Climate

Extreme Events an Geophysical Mon © 2012. American 10.1029/2011GM We survey atmospheric variability from weather scales up to several hundred kiloyears. We focus on scales longer than the critical τw ≈ 5–20 day scale corresponding to a drastic transition from spectra with high to low spectral exponents. Using anisotropic, intermittent extensions of classical turbulence theory, we argue that τw is the lifetime of planetary-sized structures. At τw, there is a dimensional transition; at longer times the spatial degrees of freedom are rapidly quenched, leading to a scaling “low-frequency weather” regime extending out to τc ≈ 10–100 years. The statistical behavior of both the weather and low-frequency weather regime is well reproduced by turbulence-based stochastic models and by control runs of traditional global climate models, i.e., without the introduction of new internal mechanisms or new external forcings; hence, it is still fundamentally “weather. ” Whereas the usual (high frequency) weather has a fluctuation exponent H > 0, implying that fluctuations increase with scale, in contrast, a key characteristic of low-frequency weather is that H 0; that is, where fluctuations again increasewith scale, climate states thus appear unstable; this regime is thus associated with our notion of climate change. We use spectral and difference and Haar structure function analyses of reanalyses, multiproxies, and paleotemperatures.
The effect of capsulated nanosilica-epoxy healing agents on the self-healing ability of glass fibers-epoxy composites under mechanical loading

In this study, the effect of using an epoxy healing agent containing silica nanoparticles instead of the neat epoxy healing agent on the self-healing ability of glass fibers/epoxy composites under the flexural, tensile and shear loadings was assessed. For doing this, in the first step, the silica nanoparticles (0, 1, 2 and, 3 wt.%) were dispersed into the ethyl acetate/epoxy healing agent. Then, these mixtures were encapsulated with the urea-formaldehyde polymer by an in-situ polymerization method. Finally, the glass fibers/epoxy composite containing 14 wt. % microcapsules along with 2 wt. % NiCl2(imidazole)4 catalyst were fabricated. To understand how the mechanical-healing behaviors of these composites under the various mechanical loads, these composites were destructed with a quasi-static penetration test for the creation of delamination damage. The healing process was done by the thermal activation method. The obtained results showed that the highest healing efficiency under the flexural, tensile and shear loads belonged to the composite containing 1 wt. % nanosilica into the healing agent, which were 89.8, 87.8, and 156.8%, respectively. The hackles of microcapsules, reduction in the thickness of microcapsules, formation of nanocomposite healing shell and the agglomeration of silica nanoparticles on the healed area were the influence factors on the healing ability of these composites. This work can give a view for healing the microcracks into composite structures by nanocomposite healing agents, which have the higher healing ability and better performance under mechanical loads than conventional healing agents.
An Overview of Methods in the Analysis of Dependent ordered catagorical Data: Assumptions and Implications

Subjective assessments of pain, quality of life, ability etc. measured by rating scales and questionnaires are common in clinical research. The resulting responses are categorical with an ordered structure and the statistical methods must take account of this type of data structure. In this paper we give an overview of methods for analysis of dependent ordered categorical data and a comparison of standard models and measures with nonparametric augmented rank measures proposed by Svensson. We focus on assumptions and issues behind model specifications and data as well as implications of the methods. First we summarise some fundamental models for categorical data and two main approaches for repeated ordinal data; marginal and cluster-specific models. We then describe models and measures for application in agreement studies and finally give a summary of the approach of Svensson. The paper concludes with a summary of important aspects.
Tests of Fit based on Normalized Spacings

SUMMARY Normalized spacings provide useful tests of fit for many suitably regular continuous distributions; attractive features of the tests are that they can be used with unknown parameters and also with samples which are censored (Type 2) on the left and/or right. A transformation of the spacings leads, under the null hypothesis, to a set of z-values in (0, 1); however, these are not uniformly distributed except for spacings from the exponential or uniform distributions. Statistics based on the mean or the median of the z-values have already been suggested for tests for the Weibull (or equivalently the extreme-value) distribution; we now add the Anderson-Darling statistic. Asymptotic theory of the test statistics is given in general, and specialized to the normal, logistic and extreme-value distributions. Monte Carlo results show the asymptotic points can be used for relatively small samples. Also, a Monte Carlo study on power of the normal tests is given, which shows the Anderson-Darling statistic to be powerful against a wide range of alternatives; the mean and median can be non-consistent or even biased.
Lee-Yang measures and wave functions

We establish necessary and sufficient conditions for a Borel measure to be a Lee-Yang one which means that its Fourier transform possesses only real zeros. Equivalently, we answer a question of P\'olya who asked for a characterisation of those positive positive, even and sufficiently fast decaying kernels whose Fourier transforms have only real zeros. The characterisation is given in terms of Wronskians of polynomials that are orthogonal with respect to the measure. The results show that Fourier transforms of a rather general class of measures can be approximated by symmetrized Slater determinants composed by orthogonal polynomials, that is, by some wave functions which are symmetric like the Boson ones. Brief comments on possible interpretation and applications of the main results in quantum and statistical mechanics, to Toda lattices and the general solution of the heat equation, are given. We discuss briefly the possibility of represent the Riemann $\xi$ function as a partition function of a statistical mechanics system.
The convexity of Hadamard product of three functions

(z ∈ U). We say that f ∈ H is subordinate to g ∈ H in U, written f ≺ g, iﬀ there existsa Schwarz function ω, analytic in U with ω(0) = 0 and |ω(z)| < 1 in U such thatf(z) = g(ω(z)) for z ∈ U. Many classes of functions studied in geometric functiontheory can be described in the terms of subordination. Let us denotep
Apple and Pear Model for Optimal Production and Fruit Grade in a Changing Environment

Apple and pear crops are very important to the rural economy of Portugal. Despite significant improvements in productivity and quality, due to the introduction of new management techniques, model-based decision support may further increase the revenue of the growers. Available simulation models of orchard growth and production are scarce and are often highly empirical. This study presents a mechanistic model for the simulation of productivity and fruit grade of apple and pear orchards under potential and water-limited conditions. The effects of temperature extremes and rain on fruit set are addressed. The model was validated on apple and pear datasets derived from extensive experiments conducted in Central and Southern Portugal. Model performance is high and depicts the effect of crop load on productivity and fruit-size grade and the distribution of both crops. A simulation example shows the relationship between productivity and average fruit size for a hypothetical six-year-olc apple orchard. The model herewith presented is a tool that can be used to estimate optimal crop load for maximum revenue and productivity, fruit size distribution, water use, and other variables relevant for pome fruit production.
Compact group actions with the Rokhlin property and their crossed products

We present a systematic study of the structure of crossed products and fixed point algebras by compact group actions with the Rokhlin property. Our main technical result is the existence of an approximate homomorphism from the algebra to its subalgebra of fixed points, which is a left inverse for the canonical inclusion. Upon combining this with known results regarding local approximations, we show that a number of classes characterized by inductive limit decompositions with weakly semiprojective building blocks, are closed under formation of crossed products by such actions. Similarly, in the presence of the Rokhlin property, if the algebra has any of the following properties, then so do the crossed product and the fixed point algebra: being a Kirchberg algebra, being simple and having tracial rank zero, having real rank zero, having stable rank one, and absorbing a strongly self-absorbing $C^*$-algebra. The $K$-theory and the Cuntz semigroup of crossed products by Rokhlin actions are also studied. The methods of this paper unify, under a single conceptual approach, the work of a number of authors, who used rather different techniques. Our methods yield new results even in the well-studied case of finite groups actions with the Rokhlin property.