Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Hippocampal cells have behavioral correlates during the performance of an auditory working memory task in the rat

: Single unit activity was recorded from the rat hippocampal CA1 and CA3 subfields, dentate gyrus (DG), entorhinal cortex (EC), subicular complex (SB), motor cortex (MC), prefrontal cortex (PFC), and dorsomedial thalamus (DMT) during performance of a continuous non-matching-to-sample task. The rats made go and no-go responses to indicate whether the current tone was the same as (match) or different from (nonmatch) the preceding tone. About half of the units from the MC, CA1, CA3, and DG had motor correlates, increments of activity immediately prior to a go response. This suggests that those regions are involved in making a response. The CA1 and CA3 had more units with comparison-motor correlates, increases of activity prior to a correct go response on nonmatch trials. This pattern of activity suggests that the CA1 and CA3 are involved in a mnemonic process of comparison between retained and current stimuli in a nonspatial auditory task.
Aspiration Cytology of Metastatic Cervical Lymph Node: A Tertiary Health Centre Based Study

Objective: the present study was conducted to assess the prevalence and cytological pattern of various metastatic cervical lymph nodes in the southern part of Rajasthan, India. Material and Methods: The prospective study was conducted in a tertiary healthcare centre of southern Rajasthan, India during the period of 1 year from August 2018 to August 2019. 100 patients with cytologically diagnosed metastatic cervical lymph node were included in the study. Review of all cytological reports were done according to standard guidelines and the diagnosis was classified and correlated with patient age and sex to explore the pattern and association. Results: Age of the patients’ ranges from 29 to 70 years with the mean age of 54.16 years. Maximum patients (80%) were from the age group > 50 years. Among the 100 study participants, 83% were male and 17% were females (Male: Female ratio4.89:1). Primary site was known in 89% cases while primary was occult in 11% cases. Out of 89 cases of known primary, 32 cases had primary in oral cavity followed by 24 cases having primary in larynx. On cytological examination, squamous cell carcinoma was found to be the most common type of tumour type (71%) followed by Adenocarcinoma (20 %). Conclusion: Fine needle aspiration cytology is an effective, economical and reliable method in diagnosing metastasis with good degree of certainty. Squamous cell carcinoma is most common type of metastatic tumour which commonly affects older individuals after the fifth decade with male preponderance.
Effect of Different Time and Frequency of Weeding on Castor (Ricinus Communis L.) in Central Rift Valley of Ethiopia

The intensity of weed-crop competition varies at different stages of the crop. Knowledge on critical weed-crop competition period is very important to identify the best time of controlling weeds. Field experiment was conducted on the critical weed-crop competition period in castor (Ricinus communis L.) at Melkassa Agricultural Research Center and Arsi Negelle during 2011 and 2012 cropping seasons. The objective of the study was to determine the critical weed-crop competition period and yield loss due to weeds in castor. The experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design using three replications. The treatment combination were six hand weeding (weeding at 30 days, 30 and 50 days, 50 days , 50 and 70 days, 70 days and 30, 50 and 70 days after sowing) at different growth stages of the crop and weedy check. Ageratum conyzoides, Amaranthus hybridus, Galinsoga parviflora, Nicandra phaysalodes, Parthenium hysterophorus and Plantago lanceolata were dominant among dicot weeds whereas Digitaria ternata, Elusine indica, Eragrostis aspera and Setaria verticillata were dominant among monocot weeds. Significant variation in density and dry weight was obtained among different treatments. The density and dry weight of weeds were higher in un-weeded plots. Seed yield of castor showed significant difference at p ≤ 0.5 due to different treatments. The maximum seed yield was obtained from frequently weeded plots with a yield of 1850 and 2043 kg ha -1 at Arsi Negele and Melkassa respectively. Uninterrupted weed growth caused a reduction of 86% at Melkassa and 89% at Arsi Negele in yield compared to frequently weeded plots. Because the growth of the castor leaf area is slow in the early phases of development, weeds are able to grow quickly and cover the soil. The critical weed-crop competition period was found to fall within the duration of 30 to 50 days after sowing. Two times hand weeding at 30 and 50 days after sowing is necessary to prevent a significant castor yield loss.
Article (refereed) - postprint

41 A relationship between increasing water temperature and amoebic gill disease (AGD) 42 prevalence in Atlantic salmon ( Salmo salar ) has been noted at fish farms in numerous 43 countries. In Scotland (UK) temperatures above 12°C are considered to be an important risk 44 factor for AGD outbreaks. Thus, the purpose of this study was to test for the presence of an 45 association between temperature and variation in the severity of AGD in Atlantic salmon at 46 10°C and 15°C. The results showed an association between temperature and variation in 47 AGD severity in salmon from analysis of histopathology and Paramoeba perurans load, 48 reflecting an earlier and stronger infection post amoebae exposure at the higher temperature. 49 Whilst no significant difference between the two temperature treatment groups was found in 50 plasma cortisol levels, both glucose and lactate levels increased when gill pathology was 51 evident at both temperatures. Expression analysis of immune and stress related genes showed 52 more modulation in gills than in head kidney, revealing an organ-specific response and an 53 interplay between temperature and infection. In conclusion, temperature may not only affect 54 the host response, but perhaps also favours higher attachment/growth capacity of the 55 amoebae as seen with the earlier and stronger P. perurans infection at 15°C.
Evidence for the Factorial Validity of the Beck Hopelessness Scale in Spanish with Clinical and non-Clinical Samples

The purpose of the present study is to evaluate the internal structure of the Spanish adaptation of the Beck Hopelessness Scale (Beck et al., 1974) given its usefulness and relevance in the prediction of suicidal behaviors. The responses to the scale of 1260 university students (M = 4.79, SD = 4.29) and of a clinical sample in which 150 young people with suicide attempt of high lethality (M = 8.51, SD = 2.38) participated were analyzed. The internal structure of the scale is examined by confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) in three phases. In the first pahse, the original model is compared with four models found Evidencias de validez factorial de la Escala de Desesperanza de Beck en Español con muestras clínicas y no clínicas Alicia Edith Hermosillo-De la Torre; Cecilia Méndez-Sánchez; Fabiola González-Betanzos How to cite this article: Hermosillo-De la Torre, A.E. , Méndez-Sánchez, C. & González-Betanzos, F. (2020). Evidence for the Factorial Validity of the Beck Hopelessness Scale in Spanish with Clinical and non-Clinical Samples. Acta Colombiana de Psicología, 23(2), 159-169. http://www.doi. org/10.14718/ACP.2020. 23.2. 7 Recibido, octubre 10/2018; Concepto de evaluación, enero 18/2019; Aceptado, febrero 22/2019 Runnig head: Factorial Validity of the Beck Hopelessness Scale
Academic Entitlement Beliefs of Information Systems Students: A Comparison with Other Business Majors and An Exploration of Key Demographic Variables and Outcomes

Academic entitlement has received much attention in both academic and practitioner outlets. It is defined as “the tendency to possess an expectation of academic success without taking personal responsibility for achieving that success” (Chowning & Campbell, 2009 p. 982). The concept evolved from research in the area of generalized entitlement and narcissism resulting in a context-specific measure useful in understanding entitlement beliefs specific to educational environments. The overall goal of this research is to provide an introductory understanding of entitlement beliefs among information systems students and subsequently compare them to the greater population of students in a business college. Data was collected from 529 undergraduate students at a public university in the southeastern United States. A series of nested models were analyzed to better understand the overall structure of the construct and determine the extent of differences in the two populations. Additional demographic factors were examined including age, gender, employment status, and self-reported GPA (overall and within major). For the sample examined in the current study, findings indicated undergraduate information systems students are quite similar in their entitlement beliefs when compared to students in the other disciplines. Additionally, within-major GPA was found to be significantly related academic entitlement among both populations. A discussion of the findings is provided along with general recommendations for future research.
Rice-cold tolerance across reproductive stages

Abstract. Cold temperature stress at the reproductive stage, particularly at booting and flowering stages can cause significant reductions in rice (Oryza sativa L.) yield particularly at high latitudes and elevation. Although genotypic variation for cold tolerance is known to exist, the tolerance mechanisms and genotypic consistency across the stages are yet to be understood for segregating populations. Three experiments were conducted under controlled temperature glasshouse conditions to determine floral characteristics that were associated with cold tolerance at the flowering stage and to determine genotypic consistency at the booting and flowering stages. Twenty F5 Reiziq × Lijiangheigu lines from two extreme phenotypic bulks selected for cold tolerance at booting stage in the F2 generation were utilised. Spikelet sterility under cold stress at booting was significantly correlated with spikelet sterility under cold stress at flowering (r = 0.62**) with five lines identified as cold tolerant across reproductive stages. There was also a positive correlation (r = 0.47*) between spikelet sterility under cold stress at booting at the F5 and at the F2 generation. The quantitative trait loci (QTL; qLTSPKST10.1) previously identified on chromosome 10 contributing to spikelet sterility within the F2 generation, was also identified in the F5 generation. Additionally, genomic regions displaying significant segregation between the progenies contrasting for their cold tolerance response phenotype were identified on chromosomes 5 and 7 with Lijiangheigu as allelic donor and an estimated reduction in spikelet sterility of 25% and 27%, respectively. Although genotypic variation in spikelet sterility at the booting stage was not related to the development rate for heading or flowering, those cold-tolerant genotypes at the flowering stage were the quickest to complete flowering. Cold-tolerant genotypes at the flowering stage had larger numbers of dehisced anthers and subsequently pollen number on stigma, which contributed to reduced spikelet sterility. It is concluded that enhanced anther dehiscence plays a significant role in improved cold tolerance at the flowering stage.
Benthic and Pelagic Foraging of Two Japanese Cormorants, Determined by Simultaneous Recording of Location and Diving Activity

One male and one female Japanese Cormorants, Phalacrocorax filamentosus, breeding at Teuri Island, Hokkaido, foraged within 5km of the island and in the strait between the island and mainland (17-27km from the island). The foraging range of Japanese Cormorants appeared to be limited to the neritic water between 10 and 60m sea depth, where the seabed sediment was mainly rock and sand. Both birds showed high foraging site fidelity, with the male foraging to the south-east and the female to the north-east of the island. The male sometimes foraged in shallow water ( 40m), the male may have fed on epipelagic schooling fish. In contrast, the female did not reach the sea-bottom in deep or shallow waters, and it may have fed on epipelagic schooling fish.
Evaluation of Liver Function Tests among Sudanese Malaria Patients

Background: Malaria is a major public health problem in tropical areas. It is responsible for infecting 300-500 million people and 1-3 million deaths annually. The liver takes part in malaria parasite live cycle, this leads to the destruction of liver cells and leads to liver function tests abnormalities. Objective: To assess liver function tests in Sudanese adult patients infected with malaria parasite compared with a healthy control group. Methods: In a case-control study, 150 malaria patients were recruited to assess liver function tests compared to another 50 healthy people as control group. Results: The study showed that malaria-infected patients have significant elevation in total bilirubin, direct bilirubin, indirect bilirubin, alanine amino transferase (ALT), aspartate amino transferase (AST) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). Tests also show a significant decrease in albumin level, whereas there is no significant difference in total protein levels between malaria patients and control group. Conclusion: malaria infection affects liver parameters, for it increases levels of direct bilirubin, indirect bilirubin, total bilirubin, AST, ALT, and LDH also decrease the level of albumin but the level of total protein is not affected.
Acute Poisoning in Children in Aden-Yemen

Background: Acute poisoning is one of the main childhood accidents. It is the third most common emergencies of pediatrics leading to increased childhood morbidity and mortality. Methods: Retrospective study for medical records of patients admitted to the Pediatric Emergency Department in public and private hospital during January 2013 to January 2017 in Aden city. The study population consisted of children up to 15 years of age who were referred to the Pediatric Emergency Department with acute poisoning. Data were extracted from medical charts, including demographic data (age, sex, and residency), route of poisoning, causative agent for acute poisoning, and outcome of acute poisoning. Result: The total number of poisoned children that could be enrolled during this period was 146; 58 (39.8%) were males less than 5 years old. According to residency 58.9% living in Urban areas, while 41.1% in rural areas. Most of cases poisoning was through the oral route 110 (75.3). Petroleum products in the form of kerosene were implicated 51(34.9%) cases. Conclusion: Acute poisonings are still a significant cause of morbidity among children in Aden- Yemen. Male child less than 5 years old particularly those from urban area continue as the highest risk group for acute positing attempt from ingestions. Kerosene agents are the most frequent agents causing poisoning.
EFFICIENCY OF THREE INSECTICIDES AND ITS LATENT EFFECTS ON SOME BIOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL ASPECTS OF AMERICAN BOLLWORM IN THE COTTON. HELICOVERPA ARMIGERA (HÜB.)

Laboratory tests have been conducted in Bollworms Research Department, Plant Protection Research Institute (Sharkia Branch). Field experiments have been conducted at Aga, Dakahlia governorate during 2018 cotton season to evaluate the efficiency of Lufenuron, Pyridalyl and Chlorpyrifos on larval population of H. armigera (Hub.) as well as their effect on some biological and biochemical aspects in cotton fields.Results showed that, three insecticides had toxic effect on the newly hatched larvae of H. armigera. The highest toxic effect was recorded with Lufenuron (LC50 value was 0.95ppm) followed by Chlorpyrifos (LC50 value was 4.29 ppm) while the lowest was recorded with Pyridalyl (LC50 value was 6.02 ppm). The three pesticides caused increasing in the larval and pupal mortality and decreasing the larval and pupal duration also the larval and pupal weight, pupation, sex ratio percentages, adult longevity, oviposition periods, the number of laid eggs and hatchability percentages. Also the results showed changes in the activity of carbohydrates (amylase, trehalase, invertase), transaminase (ALT & AST) enzymes, acetylcholinestriase enzyme, total soluble protein (TSP) and total lipid (TL) on the American bollworm larvae treated with the three pesticides (Lufenuron, Pyridalyl and Chlorpyrifos). Field experiments showed that, the three insecticides caused population's reduction percentages of the H. armigera larvae in cotton fields. Chlorpyrifos caused the highest reduction reached (80.06%) while, Pyridalyl caused the lowest reduction reached (65.28%) as compared with control. Mean while population reduction rate resulted from used Lufenuron insecticide reach (70.07%).
Constraints Faced by the Women Self Help Groups in Nagaland and Suggest Measures to Overcome

Although women Self Help Group (SHG) act as a catalyst in mobilizing poor women to attain socio and economic empowerment, it has been observed that women Self Help Group are facing various constraints which act as a barrier for many SHG to function effectively. In this context, it is important to study the nature of constraints facing by the Self Help Group and suggest suitable measure to overcome. Such, study to identify the nature and complexities of problems facing by the Self Help Group would help in strategizing policy measures for Self Help Group. Therefore, in this study attempt has been made to identify constraints faced by the Self Help Group and suggest suitable measures to overcome such constraints. The study was conducted in selected districts Nagaland. Multistage purposive random sampling was adopted for sampling 120 Self Help Groups for detailed study. Garrett’s Ranking Technique was applied for interpreting the results and to draw conclusion from the findings. From the study it was found out that the lack of technical know-how for taking up productive activities, lack of marketing facilities and inadequate loan amount which was ranked first, second respectively followed by lack of training facility for skill improvement, low social educational background of the members and delay in sanctioning loans. Original Research Article Murry et al.; JEMT, 26(6): 13-18, 2020; Article no.JEMT. 59539 14
Dominance-specific vigilance in the tufted titmouse: effects of social context

The hypothetical benefits accruing to animals participating in foraging groups are of two classes, improved predator avoidance and enhanced foraging efficiency (reviewed by Krebs and Davies 1987). These two classes of benefits often are not independent; for example, there is a growing literature demonstrating that the size of the foraging group influences how individuals' time budgets are apportioned among such antagonistic activities as vigilance for predators and foraging (e.g., Pulliam 1973, Powell 1974, Caraco 1979, Barnard 1980, Bertram 1980, Caraco et al. 1980a, Elgar and Catterall 1981, Lendrem 1983, Studd et al. 1983, Elgar et al. 1984). Several studies on how birds make this tradeoff between foraging efficiently and avoiding predators have demonstrated that as flock size increases the proportion of time allocated by individuals to foraging activities is increased, while the flock's aggregate vigilance level is maintained or even increased (e.g., Powell 1974, Siegfried and Underhill 1975, Caraco 1979, Jennings and Evans 1980, Sullivan 1984a). Most previous studies have failed to consider that individuals differing in dominance status probably experience different benefits and costs associated with flock membership (but see Moore 1972, cited in Caraco 1979; Caraco 1979; Ekman and Askenmo 1984; Ekman 1987). In particular, the time available for foraging should be more constrained for subordinates if higher-ranking conspecifics interfere with their foraging. The present study addresses experimentally the possibility that subordinates are more vigilant than dominants because they must keep higher-ranking conspecifics under surveillance to avoid aggressive interactions while also remaining vigilant for predators (cf. Robinson 1981, Waite 1986). Using captive Tufted Titmice (Parus bicolor), I examined the nonexclusive hypotheses that socially foraging animals are vigilant for (1) predators and (2) other foraging group members and, thus, vigilance is subject to control by at least two proximate factors, group size and dominance status, respectively. One prediction can be generated from each of these hypotheses, respectively: (1) a dominant titmouse should be more vigilant when foraging solitarily than when foraging as a member of a dyad, and (2) a subordinate titmouse should be more vigilant than a dominant titmouse when they forage together. METHODS
Seasonal Variation in the Haematological Parameters of the Adult Mallard Duck in a Tropical Environment

Duck production is a growing poultry enterprise in Nigeria and they are mostly reared in extensive management system. However, the haematological profiles as influenced by the tropical environment have not been well documented. The objective of the present study was to examine the seasonal variation in the haematological parameters of the adult Mallard duck in the tropical environment of Nigeria; as they effects duck production adversely. The Erythrocyte, leucocyte and platelet counts, as well as the erythrocyte osmotic fragility of the domestic duck of the mallard breed during the wet and dry seasons in the hot humid tropical environment of the Experimental Animal Unit of the Department of Veterinary Physiology, Biochemistry and Pharmacology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria was investigated. The study showed that the values of the packed cell volume (PCV), mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH) and platelet were significantly higher in the dry season than in the wet season, but the red blood cell (RBC), haemoglobin (Hb), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC), total and differential leucocyte values were similar in the two seasons. The erythrocyte fragility was also higher in the dry season. Original Research Article Olawuwo et al.; JALSI, 23(6): 30-37, 2020; Article no.JALSI. 58863 31 In conclusion the higher PCV, MCH and platelet values in the dry season might have resulted from haemoconcentration occasioned by higher evaporative heat loss, which is a common occurrence in the dry season. The higher erythrocyte fragility could have been the result of stress induced by the high ambient temperature during the dry season, or higher metabolic rate associated with lactic acid accumulation, which has been shown to increase erythrocyte osmotic fragility.