Morphological study of various shapes of coronoid process of known sex in dry human mandible in Saurashtra region

The mandible, the largest and strongest bone of the face, serves for the reception of the lower teeth. It consists of a curved, horizontal portion, the body, and two perpendicular portions, the rami, which unite with the ends of the body nearly at right angles1.The coronoid process of the mandible is anterior projection process gives attachment of muscles of mastication. This study was done to identify various shapes of coronoid process of dry human mandible in Saurashtra region in reference to gender without considering age. The material for this study comprised of 131 (262 sides) dry human mandibles out of which 79 are male (158 sides) and 52 are female (104 sides) from the osteology bank of Anatomy Department, M P Shah Govt. Medical College, Jamnagar, Gujarat, India. We observe three different variants of coronoid process namely triangular, rounded and hook shaped. We got 64.56% and 32.69% of triangular shaped, 12.66% and 28.85% of hook shaped and 22.78% and 38.46% of rounded shaped in male and female mandibles respectively. This study of shape of coronoid process will be beneficial for the Anthropologists, Forensic scientists and Reconstructive surgeons Key Word:Mandible, Coronoid process, Triangular, Rounded, Hook *Address for Correspondence: Dr.Jignesh Vadgama, Assistant professor, Department of Anatomy, 8th floor, M P Shah Government Medical College, Jamnagar-361008, Gujarat, INDIA. Email:dr_jigs_d@yahoo.co.in Received Date: 10/01/2019 Revised Date: 26/02/2019 Accepted Date: 14/04/2019 DOI: https://doi.org/10.26611/10011013 INTRODUCTION The mandible, the largest and strongest bone of the face, serves for the reception of the lower teeth. It consists of a curved, horizontal portion, the body, and two perpendicular portions, the rami, which unite with the ends of the body nearly at right angles1. The rami bear the coronoid and condylar processes. The coronoid process projects upwards and slightly forwards as a triangular plate of bone. Its posterior border bounds the mandibular notch, and its anterior border continuous into that of the ramus. The coronoid process is derived from a Greek word “korone” meaning “crow’s beak”2.The mandible or the submaxilla is a U shaped bone having curve shaped body with 2 rami. Each rami has coronoid and condylar processes. The coronoid process develops as a discrete entity within the mass of temporalis muscle. This process gives attachment to important muscle of mastication – Temporalis muscle attached to apex whole of the medial surface and anterior border and enchroching partially on its lateral surface. Rest of the lateral surface gives attachment to masseter3. Clinically, it is important as it is a membranous bone which can be removed intraorally without any functional deficiency and facial disfigurement for reconstruction of orbital floor deformities, alveolar defects, paranasal sinus augmentation, non-union fractures of mandible, osseous defect reconstruction, and other repairing procedures in craniomaxillofacial surgeries4. There exist variations in Access this article online Quick Response Code: Website: