Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Implementing an oral health tool and motivation interviewing tool to improve oral health care among type II diabetics on a northern plains reservation

Type II diabetes and periodontal disease are two common chronic diseases that have been shown to have a physiologically bi-directional relationship. In recent years, type II diabetes and periodontal disease have reached epidemic proportions throughout the United States; disproportionately affecting racial and ethnic minorities such as American Indians. American Indians often have diabetes rates that are two times the general U.S. population and periodontal disease rates that are equally as high. Adding to the oral health disparity in American Indian populations, accessing dental care is often limited making oral health preventive behaviors especially important. This project chose to examine oral health in a group of American Indian adults with type II diabetes focusing on 1) the identification of oral health status using the Oral Health Assessment Tool 2) the facilitation of oral health care to the local Indian Health Service agency and 3) supporting and improving preventive oral health behaviors through motivational interviewing. Participants took part in bi-weekly face-to-face motivational interviewing sessions with their oral health status being evaluated using the Oral Health Assessment Tool concurrently. Participants were referred to the local Indian Health Service agency for dental care based on Oral Health Assessment scores. Scores could range from 0 (good oral health) to 16 (poor oral health). The overall analysis of data found a slight improvement in average Oral Health Assessment Tool scores from 2.75 at baseline to 2.25 at three months. Content analysis of the motivational interviewing sessions found an increased interest among participants to improve oral health behaviors such as brushing for longer periods of time or a desire to quit smoking. The findings of this study are encouraging. While the Oral Health Assessment Tool scores did not improve by leaps and bounds, it does show promise for the use of motivational interviewing to improve preventive oral health behaviors in the American Indian population while also showing the ease of integrating the Oral Health Assessment Tool into general diabetes care.
Influence of mesoscale eddies on the cross-shelf phosphate transport of the Kuroshio Current northeast of Taiwan: A modeling study

The Kuroshio Current flows northeastward along the East China Sea (ECS) shelf break, carrying a large amount of nutrients, and is thus an important source of nutrients for the ECS. The mainstream and transport of the Kuroshio Current are significantly affected by mesoscale eddies. However, the influence of mesoscale eddies on the Kuroshio nutrient input into the ECS is unknown. We add constructed cyclonic and anticyclonic eddies to a hydrodynamic model to explore the influence of mesoscale eddies on cross-shelf Kuroshio phosphate input into the ECS. This model suitably reproduces the fate of mesoscale eddies and the variation in the Kuroshio Current during eddy-current interactions. The simulation results reveal that during the strong interaction between the Kuroshio Current and mesoscale eddy east of Taiwan, the cyclonic eddy reduces the on-shelf phosphate flux, while the anticyclonic eddy increases the Kuroshio phosphate input to the ECS. When the anticyclonic eddy moves to the Okinawa Trough, it reduces the Kuroshio phosphate input into the ECS.These basic features are not sensitive to the initial latitude of the eddy center east of Taiwan. The change in cross-shelf phosphate flux is caused by the changes in cross-shelf velocity and phosphate concentration along the shelf. Momentum balance analyses suggest that the change in cross-shelf velocity is mainly caused by the change in the pressure gradient term due to eddy-induced changes in sea surface height in the horizontal direction and isotherm tilting in the vertical direction. The advection-diffusion equation analysis shows that the change in phosphate concentration along the shelf is attributed to changes in the upper horizontal advection and lower vertical advection of phosphate, which are induced by the upper phosphate change and vertical velocity change along the shelf, respectively. This study has important implications for the possible response of the ECS ecosystem to mesoscale eddies that are partly triggered by enhanced typhoons east of Taiwan under global warming.
Factors Influencing the Reproductive Efficiency of Dairy Herds in the Dominican Republic

A model was constructed using regression techniques that selected the independent variables (regressors) explaining the most variability within the data for the variable “days to first service”. The resulting model contained eight regressors: breed, cooling system, both geographical region categories, average amount of milk produced, number of employees involved in estrus detection, and the interactions of breed by cooling system and breed by average amount of milk produced. Most of the variance within the model was explained by the region categories. Relative to the Cibao region, the effects of the Santo Domingo region were associated with fewer days to first service and the effects of the Southwest region were associated with higher days to first service. An increase in days to first service was also associated with the number of employees involved in estrus detection and the average amount of milk produced. Introduction Days to first service is inversely related to estrus detection in the early postpartum period [5] and is the number of days from parturition to the first insemination in a given lactation. Optimal days to first service to achieve a 13-month calving interval is around 75 d. As days to first service increase, days open and subsequently calving interval and average days in milk also tend to increase; thereby, decreasing lifetime milk production and profits. Postpartum estrus detection and postpartum management (i.e. how efficiently postpartum cows return to having a normal reproductive tract and to normal cycling activity) can be assessed by examining days to first service. By identifying the regressors that explain the largest proportion of the variation within the data, the variables that are associated with postpartum estrus detection and postpartum reproductive management can also be identified. Average days to first service range from 89 to 108 in the farms surveyed (see Table 9, chapter 4). Decreasing these averages could help set the foundation for improving reproductive efficiency within the D. R.
Towards e‐judicial services in Malawi: Implications for justice delivery

In Malawi, the judiciary rolled out an electronic case management system in 2015 in response to the ongoing public sector reforms being championed by the Malawi Government. In this study, we employed the information systems (IS) success model to systematically investigate the benefits that an electronic case management system has brought about to the judiciary of Malawi. Specifically, three themes are pursued as follows: the services offered through an electronic case management system in the judiciary of Malawi; benefits of an electronic case management system; and challenges affecting the use of an electronic case management system in the judiciary of Malawi. Methodologically, the study is guided by a survey design and a questionnaire was used to collect data from various staff in the judiciary including judges, court clerks, court registrars, and information technology personnel. The study reveals that the implementation of an electronic case management system has impacted positively on the security of court files by easing the tracking and retrieving of case files thereby contributing to efficiency in justice delivery. However, the implementation of an electronic case management system has not been spared from challenges, which include frequent loss of network and poor Internet connection.
Transcriptomic and metabolic regulatory network characterization of drought responses in tobacco

Drought stress usually causes huge economic losses for tobacco industries. Drought stress exhibits multifaceted impacts on tobacco systems through inducing changes at different levels, such as physiological and chemical changes, changes of gene transcription and metabolic changes. Understanding how plants respond and adapt to drought stress helps generate engineered plants with enhanced drought resistance. In this study, we conducted multiple time point-related physiological, biochemical,transcriptomic and metabolic assays using K326 and its derived mutant 28 (M28) with contrasting drought tolerance. Through integrative analyses of transcriptome and metabolome,we observed dramatic changes of gene expression and metabolic profiles between M28 and K326 before and after drought treatment. we found that some of DEGs function as key enzymes responsible for ABA biosynthesis and metabolic pathway, thereby mitigating impairment of drought stress through ABA signaling dependent pathways. Four DEGs were involved in nitrogen metabolism, leading to synthesis of glutamate (Glu) starting from NO−3 /NO−2 that serves as an indicator for stress responses. Importantly, through regulatory network analyses, we detected several drought induced TFs that regulate expression of genes responsible for ABA biosynthesis through network, indicating direct and indirect involvement of TFs in drought responses in tobacco. Thus, our study sheds some mechanistic insights into how plant responding to drought stress through transcriptomic and metabolic changes in tobacco. It also provides some key TF or non-TF gene candidates for engineering manipulation for breeding new tobacco varieties with enhanced drought tolerance.
INSTRUCTIONAL, PSYCHOLOGICAL AND SOCIAL EFFECTS OF LARGE CLASSES ON STUDENTS OF THE DEPARTMENT OF BASIC EDUCATION, UNIVERSITY OF EDUCATION, WINNEBA, GHANA

The quest for various countries, especially the developing ones to achieve universal education and the fast growing population have resulted in high enrolment of students in universities of many developing countries. The study therefore investigated the instructional, psychological and social effects large classes have on students of the Department of Basic Education, Winneba, Ghana. The purposive sampling technique was used to select all 893 students in the Department for the 2014/2015 academic year but 642 usable questionnaires were used for the analysis. The findings revealed that the instructional, psychological and social effects of large classes on the students were low even though the social effect was found to have higher mean score than instructional and psychological effects. It was also found out that there was no significant difference in the views of male and female students on the instructional effect of large classes. Again, no significant difference existed in the views of male and female students on the psychological effect of large classes. Similarly, no significant difference was established in the views of male and female students on the social effect of large classes. Among the recommendations were that workshops and seminars should be regularly organised for lecturers to enable them share their experiences and strategies in teaching large classes, and to adopt effective teaching and classroom management techniques, especially for large classes.
Proposed solutions for marine debris in the Windward Islands- perspectives from key policy makers and policy influencers

With the rise of regionalization and globalized approaches to dealing with the associated sources and impacts of marine debris, it is often a challenge to properly capture the unique context and special needs of small island developing states (SIDS) worldwide. In the SIDS context, locals’ perspectives should have a voice in scientific research, as well as in devising potential solutions, at all and different scales. With the view to tailor solutions for the prevention, reduction and mitigation of marine debris, this research explores the professional opinion of local knowledge holders including policy makers from government organizations (GOs) and key policy influencers in non-governmental organizations (NGOs) in the five English-Speaking Windward Islands of the Eastern Caribbean. To achieve that objective, surveys were conducted with these two groups in Barbados, Dominica, Grenada, St. Lucia and St. Vincent and the Grenadines. On the causes of the debris problem, the survey revealed that the lack of a proper waste management systems on islands, recycling limitations and inappropriate disposal behaviors of the population are generally thought to be the main contributory factors to the accelerating problem of marine debris. Further, phenomena such as Sargassum influxes, sea level rise and extreme weather events exacerbate the problem including most especially tropical storms and hurricanes. On the recommended solutions, over eighty percent of the participants identified monitoring and policing services as a main constraint that prohibits sound coastal and marine litter handling. Ninety-five percent identified establishing feasible recycling systems and sixty-seven percent identified changing social behaviors (including a combination of product and consumer literacy, disposal habits, compliance with laws and regulations) as national priorities for enabling on-the-ground actions for better coastal and marine litter prevention and reduction going forward. These findings reinforce recently published work which indicates the need for effective solid waste management systems in the Eastern Caribbean for cleaner and healthier oceans. An additional recommendation was proposed to address a major source of the marine litter problem- upstream producers. Furthermore, given the natural events component, this research proposes incorporating the Sendai Framework for disaster risk reduction in future proposed mitigation measures with a view to building the resilience of SIDS and local communities in combating the impacts of marine debris.
Dysregulated lipid metabolism in lymphangioleiomyomatosis pathogenesis as a paradigm of chronic lung diseases

A chronic inflammatory condition characterizes various lung diseases. Interestingly, a great contribution to inflammation is made by altered lipids metabolism, that can be caused by the deregulation of the mammalian target of rapamycin complex-1 (mTORC1) activity. There is evidence that one of mTOR downstream effectors, the sterol regulatory element-binding protein (SREBP), regulates the transcription of enzymes involved in the de novo fatty acid synthesis. Given its central role in cell metabolism, mTOR is involved in several biological processes. Among those, mTOR is a driver of senescence, a process that might contribute to the establishment of chronic lung disease because the characteristic irreversible inhibition of cell proliferation, associated to the acquisition of a pro-inflammatory senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) supports the loss of lung parenchyma. The deregulation of mTORC1 is a hallmark of lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM), a rare pulmonary disease predominantly affecting women which causes cystic remodeling of the lung and progressive loss of lung function. LAM cells have senescent features and secrete SASP components, such as growth factors and pro-inflammatory molecules, like cancer cells. Using LAM as a paradigm of chronic and metastatic lung disease, here we review the published data that point out the role of dysregulated lipid metabolism in LAM pathogenesis. We will discuss lipids’ role in the development and progression of the disease, to hypothesize novel LAM biomarkers and to propose the pharmacological regulation of lipids metabolism as an innovative approach for the treatment of the disease.
The impact of post PCNL tube type on blood loss and postoperative pain

Objective: To evaluate the impact of nephrostomy tube type on postoperative pain and blood loss following percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL). Methods: This is a prospective non-randomized study performed at Aga Khan University Hospital from July 2017 to June 2018. In this study we prospectively studied adult patients (16 to 65 years) who underwent unilateral PCNL. Patients who had nephrostomy with balloon (12Fr Foley’s catheter) were compared with patients who had nephrostomy without balloon (12Fr Nelaton™ catheter). STONE Nephrolithometry score was used to assess the stone complexity. Mean pain score at six and 24 hours and mean hemoglobin drop at 24 hours was compared between two groups using independent sample t-test, p-value of <0.05 was considered significant. Results: Over one year, 198 PCNL were performed out of which 119 were included for analysis. Sixty-six had nephrostomy tube with balloon and 53 had nephrostomy tube without balloon. Mean STONE score (9.66±1.4 vs. 9.64±1.24) and operative time (72.84±28.34 vs. 86.05±32.1 minutes) was comparable. Mean postoperative pain score at 6 hours and 24 hours postoperative was significantly lower in balloon group as compared to without balloon group. Mean Hemoglobin drop was similar in both groups (p=0.60). Conclusion: The use of nephrostomy tube with balloon after PCNL as this is associated with less pain and comparable hemoglobin drop as compare to nephrostomy tube without balloon.
CLINICOHEMATOLOGICAL, IMMUNOPHENOTYPING, MOLECULAR PROFILE, AND OVERALL SURVIVAL IMPACT IN ACUTE LYMPHOID LEUKEMIA PATIENTS FROM NORTH INDIA

Objective: Cytogenetic plays an inevitable role in predicting the diagnosis of acute leukemia. The recurrent chromosomal aberrations in acute leukemia have provided critical insights into the pathophysiological mechanism of leukemogenesis. Cytogenetics findings at diagnostics provide important information for decision-making in both childhood and adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). The cure rate for ALL is >80% in children and 35% in adults. Despite the therapeutic advances in ALL, several important biological and pathophysiological questions remain to be answered to achieve an accurate diagnosis, timely prognosis, and maximum therapeutic benefit. Methods: The present study was carried out at tertiary care hospital, New Delhi, India. A total of 144 newly diagnosed ALL patients were analyzed for clinicohematological profile, immunophenotyping, conventional, and molecular cytogenetics. Results: The study population was found to have normal karyotypes in most of the cases; however, abnormalities also reported. Our study clearly indicates that the application of fluorescence in situ hybridization has increased sensitivity and accuracy for detecting various chromosomal abnormalities, more so with the cryptic rearrangements. Conclusion: We observed that the prevalence of the molecular subgroup of leukemia with a potential for a favorable clinical outcome (ETV6-RUNX1 and hyperdiploidy) in precursor B-ALL is higher in the North India.
Prospective Study on Heart Disease Complicating Pregnancy

Prevalence of heart disease in pregnancy is 0.3 3 % worldwide (McFaul et al., 1998). In developing countries like India, Rheumatic heart disease is still predominate and comprises 56 89% (Siu et al., 2001). Which reflect on poor sanitary condition, causing repeated childhood streptococcal infection in rural areas which goes unnoticed. On the contrary many women with congenital heart disease survive into reproductive age group due to improved medical and surgical management than past, and reproduce a reasonably fair obstetric and fetal outcome. The irony is that they neglect the possibility ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 4 Number 8 (2015) pp. 215-222 http://www.ijcmas. com
Standardised nutrition diagnosis terminology: implications for dietetics practice

xiii CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION.1 1.1 RESEARCH CONTRIBUTION . 4 1.1.1 Research questions.5 1.1.2 Aim and objectives: Phase 1 . 6 1.1.3 Aim and objectives: Phase 2 . 6 1.1. 4 Hypotheses.7 1.2 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY.7 1.3 THESIS STRUCTURE.8 CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW . 9 2.1 LITERATURE SEARCH STRATEGY.10 2.2 BACKGROUND TO THE RESEARCH.11 2.2.1 Evolution of the dietetics profession.11 2.2.2 Dietetics practice . 13 2.2.3 Clinical dietetics . 14 2.3 CASCADE MODEL.15 2.4 CARE PROCESSES IN OTHER PROFESSIONS . 17 2.5 EVOLUTION OF THE NUTRITION CARE PROCESS . 18 2.5. 1 Model for Provision of Nutrition Care (Mason et al., 1982) . 18 2.5. 2 Nutrition Care Process (Gates, 1992) . 20 2.5. 3 Nine-Step Nutritional Care Process (Kight, 1993). 21 2.5. 4 Nutrition Care Process (Brylinsky, 1996, p. 403) . 22 2.5. 5 Nutrition Care Model (Splett & Myers, 2001). 23 2.5. 6 Problem-based Nutrition Care Model (Lacey & Cross, 2002) . 23 2.5. 7 Summary of the pre-2003 models . 24 2.5. 8 Need for a standardised NCP.27 2.6 ADA’s STANDARDISED NCP . 27 2.6. 1 Relevance to the Cascade Model.29 2.6. 2 Difference between the NCP and MNT . 31 2.6. 3 Progress . 31 2.6. 4 Research . 32 2.7 NUTRITION DIAGNOSIS . 38 2.7. 1 Diagnosis concept in other healthcare professions.38 2.7. 2 History of Nutrition Diagnosis development . 40 2.7. 3 Components . 40 2.7. 4 Nutrition diagnostic process . 41 2.7. 5 Documentation.43 2.7. 6 Research . 43
Determinants of non-use of family planning methods by young married women (15-24 years) living in urban slums of Uttar Pradesh

Background: Total fertility rate of Uttar Pradesh is 2.7 with annual growth rate of 16.5. Age specific marital fertility rate (ASMFR) in Uttar Pradesh is highest in the age group of 20-24 years (383.9) followed by 15-19 years (271.0) age group. Use of contraceptives is also very low in this most productive age group. Among the Young married women in the age group of 15-24 years the contraceptive prevalence rate (CPR) is only 27.75% which is quite low than the target CPR of 60%. State level data presents a grim picture of contraceptive use in the slum areas in comparison to non-slum areas. This slum population is the most vulnerable section of our society. Aims & Objectives: i) To assess the prevalence of non-use of contraceptives among young married women living in urban slums. ii) To understand the reasons for non-use of contraceptives among young married women. iii) To explore the factors influencing non-use of contraceptive among young married women. Materials and Methods: A cross sectional study was carried out in the urban slums of Lucknow. Out of the eight Nagar-Nigam zones in Lucknow, one Urban-Primary Health Centre was selected randomly from each zone. From each Urban- Primary Health Centre, 2 slums were selected randomly. In selected slum, all the households were visited until at least 33 young married women (15-24 years) were interviewed using a pre-tested questionnaire to obtain the desired sample size of 535. The data was analyzed using SPSS 16.0. Results: Current use of contraceptives was found to be 33.8 % and almost two-thirds (66.2%) of the participants were not using any form of contraceptive method. The important reasons for non-use of contraception were embarrassment / hesitancy / shyness regarding family planning, lack of knowledge about the contraceptive method or place of availability of services, opposition to contraceptive use by husband or family members and women’s desire to get pregnant. About one third of the women had no perceived need for contraception. Among the various bio-social and fertility related variables, educational attainment of the women, employment status, parity, autonomy of the women, attitude of the husband towards family planning, motivation to adopt contraceptive and contact with ANM during home visits were the prime independent predictors for non-use of contraceptives. Conclusion: The study found contraceptive use to be very low among the young married women. The findings showed that motivation of women to adopt family planning method through counseling along with provision of youth friendly services are needed to be address to achieve improvement in contraceptive use among these young married women living in urban slums.