Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Plasma Cortisol and Chloride Stress Responses in Juvenile Walleyes during Capture, Transport, and Stocking Procedures

Abstract Extensively reared juvenile walleyes Stizostedion vitreum subjected to capture and transport stressors associated with stocking procedures in South Dakota and Minnesota displayed acute increases in plasma cortisol and extended declines in concentrations of plasma chloride. In four separate South Dakota transport hauls, mean plasma cortisol in walleyes rose from 12–49 ng/mL at the time of trap-net capture to 138–174 ng/mL after 1 h of transport; these concentrations remained increased at 3 h. Plasma chloride decreased by about 19% during this period; by 3 h, mean values had dropped about 30%, to 53–61 meq/L. Similarly, in Minnesota mean plasma cortisol in captured and transported walleyes increased from 13–26 ng/mL during trap-net capture to 154–214 ng/mL by 1 h after transport in three separate trials and remained at the higher values at 3 h posttransport. Mean plasma chloride concentrations dropped about 28%, to 65–72 meq/L, by 3 h after transport and remained significantly decreased at 68–82 me.
Effects of Extrusion Process Variables on Quality Properties of Wheat-Ginseng Extrudates

The present study investigated the effects of extrusion process variables (feed moisture, screw speed, and barrel temperature) on the physical [expansion ratio, water absorption index (WAI), and water solubility index (WSI)], pasting, and thermal properties of wheat-ginseng extrudates (WGE). A wheat flour-ginseng powder (GP) blend (10% GP, w/w) was extruded in a twin-screw extruder (L/D ratio of 25:1) with full factorial combinations of feed moisture (25, 30, and 35%), screw speed (200 and 300 rpm), and zone 5 barrel temperature (110, 120, 130, and 140°C). The expansion ratios of WGE were significantly increased with decreasing feed moisture, decreasing screw speed, and increasing barrel temperature. Increasing feed moisture significantly increased WAI values of WGE and significantly decreased WSI values of WGE. However, an increase in either screw speed or barrel temperature caused a significant decrease in WAI values of WGE and a significant increase in WSI values of WGE. Rapid visco analyzer peak viscosity values of WGE were significantly affected by changes in extrusion process variables studied, indicating that the degree of starch degradation and/or gelatinization in WGE is a very important factor associated with their peak viscosity. WAI values of WGE were positively correlated (r = 0.88, p ≤ 0.001) with peak viscosity values of WGE samples, whereas WSI values of WGE samples were negatively correlated (r = 0.82, p ≤ 0.001). Increasing feed moisture resulted in an increase in values of transition peak temperature (Tp) of WGE, whereas increasing screw speed and barrel temperature each led to a decrease in Tp values of WGE, determined by differential scanning calorimetry.
Aqueous Biphasic Systems of Hydrophilic Ionic Liquids + Sucrose for Separation

In this work, we proposed a new aqueous biphasic system (ABS) composed of hydrophilic ionic liquids (ILs, namely, 1-allyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride, [Amim]Cl, 1-allyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide, [Amim]Br, and 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate, [Bmim]BF4) and sucrose, forming an upper IL-rich phase and a lower sucrose-rich phase. The effects of IL structure on the phase equilibrium were investigated. It was found that the formation of ABS could be promoted by the increase of the side-chain length of ILs, but the effect was weaker than that of the anion. On the basis of phase diagrams we described, it was concluded that the chaotropicity decreased in the order [Bmim]BF4 > [Amim]Br > [Amim]Cl. This is consistent with IL + salt systems with which they were compared; however, the proposed systems are more environmentally benign for separating ILs from the aqueous phase.
Modified rothamsted carbon model for andosols and its validation: changing humus decomposition rate constant with pyrophosphate-extractable Al

Abstract We modified the Rothamsted carbon model (RothC) to adopt it to Andosols. We changed the decomposition rate constant of the humus (HUM) pool because the presence of Al-humus complexes in Andosols gives HUM strong stability. In addition, the inert organic matter (IOM) pool was set at zero, because the soil did not contain carbon when it was formed from fresh volcanic ash. H(f) was defined as the factor required to divide the decomposition rate constant of the HUM pool so that the modelled soil organic carbon (SOC) level matched the measured level. H(f) was calculated for 32 Japanese Andosols, and the relationships between H(f) and soil properties such as contents of acid-oxalate-extractable Al, Fe, and Si (Mo, Feo, and Sio) or pyrophosphate-extractable Al (Alp) were analysed. The equation H(f) =1.20 + 2,50Alp(% ), (r 2 = 0.518) was selected to divide the decomposition rate constant of HUM. The modified model was tested for four long-term experimental data sets on Andosols under various climatic conditions, soil textures, and management techniques from north to south across Japan. We obtained considerably improved fits between the contents of modelled and measured SOC by using the modified RothC instead of the original model. Use of this modified model may contribute to the improvement of the performance of existing SOC2 models in modelling Andosols. It can be used for estimating CO2 emission from soils, as well as for planning suitable organic matter management in Japanese Andosols.
Plain DFT and hybrid HF‐DFT LCAO calculations of SnO2 (110) and (100) bare and hydroxylated surfaces

The density functional LCAO calculations using DFT (PBE) and hybrid HF‐DFT (B3LYP) functionals are presented for the electronic and structural properties of bare and hydroxylated low index surfaces of SnO2 crystal. The dissociative and associative water adsorption on (110) and (100) SnO2 surfaces is investigated. The role of geometrical and chemical‐bonding factors in the relative stability of different adsorption structures is discussed. The comparison of plain DFT functionals with the B3LYP hybrid functional shows that, in contrast to former DFT plane‐wave calculations (spontaneous dissociation), an associative adsorption of the water molecules becomes possible not only in the case of the (100) surface but also at the most stable (110) surface. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Photoprotection of Wood Using Polyester-Type UV-Absorbers Derived from the Reaction of 2-hydroxy-4(2,3-epoxypropoxy)-benzophenone with Dicarboxylic Acid Anhydrides

Abstract Polyester-type UV absorbers were created by reacting the epoxy-functionalized UV absorber 2-hydroxy-4(2,3-epoxypropoxy)-benzophenone (HEPBP) with maleic, phthalic, or succinic anhydride. The ability of the UV absorbers to photostabilize wood was then examined. Fourier transform infra-red (FTIR) spectroscopy confirmed that HEPBP reacted with phthalic anhydride to create a polyester that preserved the UV-absorbing benzophenone group. There was less evidence that the polyester was formed when HEPBP was reacted with maleic or succinic anhydride. HEPBP-phthalic anhydride was the most effective UV absorber at photostabilising wood. This UV absorber showed increased UV absorption around 270 nm, formed a leach-resistant film at wood surfaces and was able to restrict both weight and tensile strength losses of thin wood veneers during accelerated weathering, unlike chromium trioxide and a UV absorber-hindered amine light stabilizer. We conclude that polymeric polyester-type UV absorbers show promise as a way of photostabilizing wood and briefly discuss how more effective systems could be developed in future.
Comparative Solution Equilibrium Study of the Interactions of Copper(II), Iron(II) and Zinc(II) with Triapine (3‐Aminopyridine‐2‐carbaldehyde Thiosemicarbazone) and Related Ligands

The interactions of Cu II ,Z n II and Fe II with Triapine (3-aminopyridine-2-carbaldehyde thiosemicarbazone), which is currently undergoing phase II clinical trials as a chemotherapeutic antitumour agent, were investigated in a water/DMSO mixture. The proton-dissociation constants of the ligands, the stability constants and the coordination modes of the metal complexes formed were determined by pH-potentiometric, UV/Vis spectrophotometric, EPR, 1 H NMR spectroscopic and ESI-MS methods. Two N-terminally dimethylated derivatives of Triapine were also studied. Mono- and bis-ligand com
The influence of hygiene in catch handling on the storage life of iced cod and plaice

Summary Investigations of commercial fisheries in the North Sea and the Kattegat show that the bacterial load of the fish as caught is generally low. Substantial bacterial infection may occur, however, during sorting, gutting and other fish handling on deck, depending on the hygienic standard on board. The influence of the hygiene in catch handling on the storage life of iced cod and plaice was studied at all seasons of the year. During the first week of iced storage, no difference was found in the eating quality and in the contents of TVA in plaice and TVB in cod, whether the initial bacterial infection was low, medium or high. The three levels of infection were the result of very clean, reasonably clean and very dirty handling conditions, respectively. During the second week of storage, little difference was found between fish handled under very clean or reasonably clean conditions. Very dirty conditions, however, resulted in a slightly faster decrease of quality and in 1–3 days reduction in the total storage life in ice.
Effect of Sorbed Fe(II) on the Initial Reduction Kinetics of 6-Line Ferrihydrite and Amorphous Ferric Phosphate by Shewanella putrefaciens

Incomplete utilization of reactive ferric iron minerals by dissimilatory iron-reducing bacteria has been ascribed to inhibition by adsorption of Fe2 + to the mineral or bacterial surfaces. We tested this hypothesis by monitoring the reduction of 6-line ferrihydrite and amorphous ferric phosphate by Shewanella putrefaciens for up to 50 hours, at circumneutral pH and in the presence of excess electron donor. The microbial iron reduction incubations were performed with Fe(III) substrates or bacteria that had been exposed beforehand to solutions containing dissolved Fe2 + (range: 0–500 μ M) for relatively short durations (≤12 hours). The reduction rates were not, or only weakly, affected by pre-sorbed Fe2 +. A slight decrease in the reduction rate was observed for ferric phosphate particles whose ferrozine-extractable Fe2 + concentrations approached the estimated mineral surface site density. Thus, under the range of experimental conditions considered here, sorbed Fe2+ did not limit the transfer of electrons from membrane-bound reductases to Fe(III) centers at the mineral surface. We hypothesize that adsorption of Fe2 + inhibits the initial Fe(III) reduction kinetics only when the surface sites of the mineral surface, or the metal binding sites in the bacterial cell wall, are (nearly) all saturated with Fe2 +.
Synthesis of peptides onto the surface of poly(ethylene terephthalate) particle track membranes

In this article, we describe the synthesis of polypeptides onto the whole specific surface of poly(ethylene terephthalate) particle track membranes. In this case, initial functionalization is necessary. It had been done by an optimized surface oxidation in accordance with the method of Marchant-Brynaert, J.; Deldime, M. ; Dupont, I. ; Dewez, J.-L. ; Schneider, Y. -J. (J Colloid Interface Sci 1995, 173, 236). Subsequent activation with carbodiimide and reaction with multifunctional amines yielded an aminated surface. The synthesis of peptides was carried out by two different means: first, by the coupling of single amino acids analogous to the method of Merrifield, and second, by coupling of presynthesized polypeptides consisting of 18 helix-forming amino acids. Analytical characterization was carried out by fluorescence spectroscopy by using the label Fluram (r) and confirmed by the results of X-ray photoelectron (XP) spectroscopy. Only the stepwise synthesis led to a dense surface functionalization with peptides, whereas the coupling of fragments resulted in lower yields of coupling.
Mode-Switching of the Self-Motion of a Camphor Boat Depending on the Diffusion Distance of Camphor Molecules

We demonstrated mode-switching of self-motion coupled with diffusion of molecules at a solid/liquid interface. A camphor boat moved spontaneously on water and the mode of self-motion depended on the setup of the boat. When a camphor disk was connected to the center of a larger plastic plate, intermittent motion (alternating between rest and rapid motion) was observed. When the position of the camphor disk was changed from the center to one of its edges, the period of intermittent motion decreased, and intermittent motion changed to continuous motion. The features of this self-motion and mode-switching were qualitatively reproduced by a numerical calculation using a mathematical model that incorporates the distribution of camphor molecules at the solid/liquid interface.
Generalized minimum miscibility pressure correlation

Correlations for predicting minimum miscibility pressure (MMP) are important tools in the selection of candidate reservoirs for gas miscible flooding. It is important that such correlations be accurate. Several CO2 MMP correlations have been published. None of these can be used with enough confidence for final project design, but are useful for screening and preliminary work. Correlations published on CO2 miscible flooding show temperature to be the most important parameter, but they disagree with regard to the effect of oil type. Compared with CO2 miscible flooding, little has been published on high-pressure hydrocarbon gas miscible flooding, and no correlation is available for predicting MMP with lean hydrocarbon gases or nitrogen. In 1960, Benham and coworkers presented empirical curves from which miscibility conditions can be estimated for reservoir oils being displaced by rich gas within a pressure range of 1500 to 3000 psia. From Benham's data, the proposed equations have been derived for predicting MMP. These equations are a result of curve fitting Benham's data. 22 references.
Crystal Structures of Ln(III) (Ln = La, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, and Gd) Complexes with N,N,N′,N′-Tetraethyldiglycolamide Associated with Homoleptic [Ln(NO3)6)]3−

Novel lanthanoid(III) (Ln(III)) complexes with N,N,N′,N′-tetraethyldiglycolamide (TEDGA), [Ln(TEDGA)3][Ln(NO3)6] (Ln = La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, and Gd), have been synthesized and characterized cryst.
In-assisted deoxidation of GaAs substrates for the growth of single InAs/GaAs quantum dot emitters

We report a systematic study of the In-assisted deoxidation (IAD) of epitaxial GaAs(100) substrates. Optimized IAD conditions resulting in a pit-free and smooth GaAs surface are found. Photoluminescence lines from single quantum dots (QDs) with linewidths in the range of 250–400 μeV are observed from low-density InAs QDs grown at a distance of 10 nm from a GaAs surface deoxidized under an optimized condition. Our study shows that IAD is very promising for application in the growth of nanostructures on patterned GaAs substrates.
ARSENIC REMOVAL DURING PRECIPITATIVE SOFTENING

Because utilities with hard waters tend to have higher concentrations of arsenic, removal of arsenic via precipitative softening processes was investigated in the context of the more stringent proposed arsenic regulation. Arsenic removal can be facilitated by a variety of solids formed during softening including CaCO3, Mg(OH)2, Mn(OH)2, and Fe(OH)3. The extent of As(V) removal is decreased in the presence of orthophosphate and carbonate. As(III) removal is much lower than As(V) removal. At typical solids concentrations, arsenic removal followed a linear isotherm for CaCO3, Mg(OH)2, and Fe(OH)3, with constant percentage arsenic removal regardless of initial arsenic concentrations. However, for Mn(OH)2 solids arsenic removal was sensitive to arsenic concentrations. A framework for predicting arsenate removal when multiple solids form during softening is presented.
Leaf analysis as a guide to the nutrition of fruit crops. I. General principles, sampling techniques and analytical methods.

The general principles of leaf analysis and the factors influencing leaf composition are reviewed briefly. Methods of leaf sampling, including a statistical analysis of the method used at Long Ashton, are described. The overall sampling error, expressed as the coefficient of variation, is of the order of 6%, of which about I-2 occurs at the analytical stage. Analytical methods are given for determining total N, P, K, Ca and Mg in leaf dry matter.
Trichloro[methylenebis(diphenylphosphine oxide-O)]antimony(III)

The asymmetric unit of the title complex, [SbCl 3 {[(C 6 H 5 ) 2 PO] 2 CH 2 }], comprises two independent molecules, in both of which the Sb atoms are in flattened square-pyramidal environments, with the basal planes each defined by two O and two Cl atoms, and the apical atom being Cl in each molecule. The geometry can alternatively be described as distorted octahedral as a result of coordination by a sixth (Cl) atom at a longer distance.
Fabrication of 2D gold nanowires by self-assembly of gold nanoparticles on water surfaces in the presence of surfactants

Self-assembly of metallic nanostructures using 2D templates consisting of surfactant systems at the air/water interface is demonstrated (see Figure). The morphology of the resulting nanostructures can be partially controlled by adjusting parameters such as the molecular structure of the surfactant, the chemical properties of the assembly units, and the surface pressure.
Electron multiplication in liquid cyclohexane and propane

Previous studies of prebreakdown phenomena in very pure liquid cyclohexane have shown that, in a point-plane electrode assembly and for negative polarity of the point, a regular current pulse regime can be observed. This pulse regime, very similar to Trichel pulses found in air, corresponds to a mechanism of electron avalanche in the liquid phase of cyclohexane. Experimental and semiempirical investigations lead to the conclusion that the electrical discharge in the liquid phase of cyclohexane (N=5.57*10/sup 21/ cm/sup -3/) is similar to that in the vapor phase at a number density of only approximately 2.5*10/sup 21/ cm/sup -3/. The same results are obtained in propane. From known values of the multiplication coefficient alpha in gaseous propane and cyclohexane, values of alpha in the liquid phases are estimated according to the electric field. >
Gemischte Tristannide der Reihe CaSn3 – SrSn3 – BaSn3: Synthesen, Kristallstrukturen, Chemische Bindung

Ternary mixed Ca/Sr/Ba tristannides of overall composition ASn3 (A = Ca, Sr, Ba) were synthesized from mixtures of the elements. The structures of the compounds were determined by means of single-crystal X-ray data or Rietveld powder refinements. All structures exhibit close packed ordered ASn3 layers containing Sn Kagome nets, which are stacked in different orientations. Depending on the stacking sequences, the resulting tin polyanion resembles the oxygen nets of the cubic (corner sharing octahedra, c stacking, Cu3Au-type structure, i.e. CaSn3) or of the hexagonal perovskites (face sharing octahedra, h stacking, Ni3Sn-type structure, i.e. BaSn3). In the binary compound CaSn3 (Cu3Au-type) up to 46(5) % of calcium can be substituted against strontium (cubic, space group Pmm, a = 479.75(3), Z = 1, RP = 0.0587, RBragg = 0.0343). The known binary phase SrSn3 forms the Mg3In structure type with a (hhcc)3 stacking sequence and exhibits no noticeable phase width. A small partial substitution of strontium, against barium (Sr0.91(2)Ba0.09(2)Sn3 to Sr0.81(2)Ba0.19(2)Sn3: trigonal, space group Rm, a = 698.9(2)/701.21(14), c = 2472.4(10)/2465.0(7) pm, Z = 9, R1 = 0.0637/0.0738) causes the packing to switch to the (hhc)3 stacking of the TaCo3-type structure. At a Ba proportion of 26(2) % (Sr0.74(2)Ba0.26(2)Sn3: hexagonal, space group P63/mmc, a = 704.21(12), c = 2197.6(5) pm, Z = 8, R1 = 0.0705) a further structure change to the BaSn2.57Bi0. 43 structure type ((hhhc)2-stacking) occurs. The series is terminated with the pure h stacking of BaSn3, the stability range of which starts at the composition Sr0.22(2)Ba0.78(2)Sn3 (hexagonal, space group P63/mmc; a = 717.92(12), c = 548.15(10) pm, Z = 2, R1 = 0.0297). As easily noted from this series, the stacking sequence depends on the ratio of the atomic radii of the contributing atoms/ions. The observed trend can be rationalized by the decreasing coordination number of tin when going from c to h stacking. Covalent as well as metallic aspects of the chemical bonding in the tristannides are discussed on the basis of the results of FP-LAPW calculations (density of states, band structure and valence electron densities).
Letter. Thermochemistry and high-pressure equilibria of the post-perovskite phase transition in CaIrO3

Abstract To study the ambient analog of the deep mantle MgSiO3 perovskite to post-perovskite phase transition, high-temperature drop calorimetry experiments of perovskite and post-perovskite phases of CaIrO3 system as well as high-pressure phase equilibrium experiments in the CaIrO3 system were made. The enthalpies for dissociation of CaIrO3 (298 K) to CaO + Ir + O2 (1573 K) were 486.7 ± 9.2 kJ/mol for post-perovskite and 454.5 ± 12.5 kJ/mol for perovskite. From the difference between them, the phase transition enthalpy from perovskite to post-perovskite at 298 K is -32.2 ± 15.5 kJ/mol. This gives 2.7 ± 15.6 kJ/mol as formation enthalpy of CaIrO3 perovskite from CaO + IrO2 at 298 K. Using the phase transition enthalpy and volume change of . 0.48 ± 0.02 cm3/mol determined in this study, the phase equilibrium boundary is calculated to be P (GPa) = 0.040 T (K) - 67.1. The strongly positive slope agrees with that obtained in high-pressure experiments. This is consistent with a large positive Clapeyron slope of post-perovskite phase transition in MgSiO3 recently reported from experimental and theoretical studies.
Correlation between resistivity and diffusion in thin films

Empirical equations have been derived that relate resistivity to diffusivity and activation energies for thin films. Results for the Cr/Au structure agree with published data on the interdiffusion of Cr and Au thin films at temperatures ranging from 350 to 450 °C. The following relationships were determined: Δρ/ρ0C=λ exp(−Q/kT); Δρ/ρ0C=nDt/χ2; Δρ/ρ0C=ψ exp(−χ2/4Dt) and D=Nχ2 /t exp(−Q/kT), where Nχ2/t=D0(cm2/s) is the frequency factor; Δρ is the change in resistivity; ρ0 is the room temperature resistivity; χ is film thickness; T is temperature; t is time; C is concentration; k is Boltzman’s constant; D is diffusion coefficient; and n, ψ, N, and λ are constants. Analysis of the Cr/Au resistivity data using these equations gives D0=1.2×10−7 cm2/s and Q=1.00 eV for Cr diffusion in Au; and D0=1.0×10−7 cm2/s and Q=1.06 eV for Au diffusion in Cr. These values were verified by analysis using Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy and, they are consistent with those reported for grain boundary diffusion.