Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A thermodynamic and dynamic subgrid closure model for two‐material cells

A general and robust subgrid closure model for two‐material cells is proposed. The conservative quantities of the entire cell are apportioned between two materials, and then, pressure and velocity are fully or partially equilibrated by modeling subgrid wave interactions. An unconditionally stable and entropy‐satisfying solution of the processes has been successfully found. The solution is valid for arbitrary level of relaxation. The model is numerically designed with care for general materials and is computationally efficient without recourse to subgrid iterations or subcycling in time. The model is implemented and tested in the Lagrange‐remap framework. Two interesting results are observed in 1D tests. First, on the basis of the closure model without any pressure and velocity relaxation, a material interface can be resolved without creating numerical oscillations and/or large nonphysical jumps in the problem of the modified Sod shock tube. Second, the overheating problem seen near the wall surface can be solved by the present entropy‐satisfying closure model. The generality, robustness, and efficiency of the model make it useful in principle in algorithms, such as ALE methods, volume of fluid methods, and even some mixture models, for compressible two‐phase flow computations. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Common Patterns of Hydrolysis Initiation in P-loop Fold Nucleoside Triphosphatases

The P-loop fold nucleoside triphosphate (NTP) hydrolases (also known as Walker NTPases) function as ATPases, GTPases, and ATP synthases, are often of medical importance, and represent one of the largest and evolutionarily oldest families of enzymes. There is still no consensus on their catalytic mechanism. To clarify this, we performed the first comparative structural analysis of more than 3100 structures of P-loop NTPases that contain bound substrate Mg-NTPs or their analogues. We proceeded on the assumption that structural features common to these P-loop NTPases may be essential for catalysis. Our results are presented in two articles. Here, in the first, we consider the structural elements that stimulate hydrolysis. Upon interaction of P-loop NTPases with their cognate activating partners (RNA/DNA/protein domains), specific stimulatory moieties, usually Arg or Lys residues, are inserted into the catalytic site and initiate the cleavage of gamma phosphate. By analyzing a plethora of structures, we found that the only shared feature was the mechanistic interaction of stimulators with the oxygen atoms of gamma-phosphate group, capable of causing its rotation. One of the oxygen atoms of gamma phosphate coordinates the cofactor Mg ion. The rotation must pull this oxygen atom away from the Mg ion. This rearrangement should affect the properties of the other Mg ligands and may initiate hydrolysis according to the mechanism elaborated in the second article.
A highly effective therapeutic ointment for treating corals with black band disease

Infectious disease outbreaks are a primary contributor to coral reef decline worldwide. A particularly lethal disease, black band disease (BBD), was one of the first coral diseases reported and has since been documented on reefs worldwide. BBD is described as a microbial consortium of photosynthetic cyanobacteria, sulfate-reducing and sulfide-oxidizing bacteria, and heterotrophic bacteria and archaea. The disease is visually identified by a characteristic dark band that moves across apparently healthy coral tissue leaving behind bare skeleton. Despite its virulence, attempts to effectively treat corals with BBD in the field have been limited. Here, we developed and tested several different therapeutic agents on Pseudodiploria spp. corals with signs of active BBD at Buck Island Reef National Monument in St. Croix, USVI. A variety of therapies were tested, including hydrogen peroxide-based treatments, ointment containing antibiotics, and antiviral/antimicrobial-based ointments (referred to as CoralCure). The CoralCure ointments, created by Ocean Alchemists LLC, focused on the dosing regimen and delivery mechanisms of the different active ingredients. Active ingredients included carbamide peroxide, Lugol’s iodine solution, along with several proprietary essential oil and natural product blends. Additionally, the active ingredients had different release times based on treatment: CoralCure A-C had a release time of 24 hours, CoralCure D-F had a release time of 72 hours. The ointments were applied directly to the BBD lesion. Also, jute rope was saturated with a subset of these CoralCure ointment formulations to assist with adhesion. These ropes were then applied to the leading edge of the BBD lesion for one week to ensure sufficient exposure. Corals were revisited approximately three to five months after treatment application to assess disease progression rates and the presence/absence of lesions—the metrics used to quantify the efficacy of each treatment. Although most of the treatments were unsuccessful, two CoralCure rope formulations—CoralCure D rope and CoralCure E rope, eliminated the appearance of BBD in 100% of the corals treated. As such, these treatments significantly reduced the likelihood of BBD occurrence compared to the untreated controls. Additionally, lesions treated with these formulations lost significantly less tissue compared with controls. These results provide the mechanisms for an easily employable method to effectively treat a worldwide coral disease.
Cigarette Smoking and Peripheral Vascular Disease are Associated with Increasing Risk of ESKAPE Pathogen Infection in Diabetic Foot Ulcers

Objective Diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) and ESKAPE pathogens have attracted attention globally, but the role of ESKAPE pathogens in diabetic foot infection is not well described. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical features, antimicrobial resistance, and risk factors for ESKAPE infection in patients with DFUs. Methods A retrospective study was conducted on 180 patients with diabetic foot infection admitted to The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University (Luzhou, China), from January 2017 to April 2021. Antimicrobial susceptibilities of all isolates were determined. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to analyze the independent risk factors for ESKAPE infection, multidrug-resistant (MDR)-ESKAPE infection, MDR-pathogen infection, and severe group in patients with DFUs. Results A total of 206 isolates were collected, of which 42.2% were ESKAPE pathogens. The independent risk factors for ESKAPE infection were cigarette smoking (OR = 1.958; 95% CI, 1.015–3.777) and peripheral vascular disease (OR = 2.096; 95% CI, 1.100–3.992), while alcohol consumption (OR = 2.172; 95% CI, 1.104–4.272) was the independent risk factor for MDR-pathogen infection. Additionally, the independent risk factors for severe DFU group were invasive treatment (OR = 326.642; 95% CI, 76.644–1392.08), the duration of systemic antibiotic treatment (OR = 0.918; 95% CI, 0.849–0.992), and length of hospital stay (OR = 1.145; 95% CI, 1.043–1.256). No independent risk factors for MDR-ESKAPE infection were found. Conclusion Our data established the microbiological features of ESKAPE pathogens and clinical manifestations of diabetic foot infection, and provide support for monitoring and management of ESKAPE infection in patients with DFUs in southwest China.
Survival Outcomes of Complete Pulmonary Metastasectomy for Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinomas

Purpose Metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is relatively poor; however, depending on the selected cases, pulmonary metastasectomy can be a practical therapeutic option. This study aimed to identify the outcomes of complete metastasectomy based on each primary site and to investigate unfavorable prognostic factors. Patients and Methods We used the database from the Metastatic Lung Tumour Study Group of Japan. Between November 1980 and April 2017, 231 patients were deemed eligible. According to anatomy and the current epidemiology of HNSCC, the patients were divided into three groups: nasopharynx, oropharynx, and salivary gland (n = 40, Group 1), oral cavity, tongue, and paranasal sinuses (n = 69, Group 2), and larynx and hypopharynx (n = 122, Group 3). Results The 5-year overall survival after complete pulmonary metastasectomy was 58.5%, 25.0%, and 46.9% in G1, 2, and 3, respectively (p < 0.01). Multivariate analyses revealed unfavourable prognostic factors to be G2, and pathological maximum diameter was >20 mm. Therefore, on dividing group 1 and 3 with or without diameter, the 5-year overall survival was significantly worse in HNSCC with a diameter >20 mm (n = 74) than that in the remnant (n = 88; 61.9% vs 35.5%; p < 0.01). Conclusion According to the multi-institutional Japanese data, pulmonary metastasectomy from HNSCC indicates a potential survival benefit. Oral cavity, tongue, and paranasal sinuses cancer, and tumour size (>20 mm) were poor prognostic factors for pulmonary metastasectomy from head and neck cancer.
Association between coronary artery calcium and all-cause mortality: A large single-center retrospective cohort study

Objective Previous studies have revealed that coronary artery calcium is related to cardiovascular diseases and mortality. However, most studies have been conducted in Western countries and have excluded patients with pre-existing heart disease. We investigated the association between coronary artery calcium (CAC) and all-cause mortality in an Asian cohort and in subgroups stratified by age, sex, smoking, obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, blood pressure, and biochemical parameters. Methods We conducted a retrospective cohort study on 4529 health examinees who underwent multidetector computed tomography in a tertiary medical center in Taiwan between 2011 and 2016. The mean follow-up was 3.5 years. Cox regression was used to estimate the relative hazards of death. Stratified analyses were performed. Results The all-cause mortality rates were 2.94, 4.88, 17.6, and 33.1 per 1000 person-years for CAC scores of 0, 1–100, 101–400, and >400, respectively. The multivariable adjusted hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals [CIs]) for all-cause mortality were 0.95 (0.53, 1.72), 1.87 (0.89, 3.90), and 3.05 (1.46, 6.39) for CAC scores of 1–100, 101–400, and >400, respectively, relative to a CAC score of 0. Compared with CAC ≤ 400, the HRs (95% CIs) for CAC > 400 were 6.46 (2.44, 17.15) and 1.94 (1.00, 3.76) in younger and older adults, respectively, indicating that age was a moderating variable (p = 0.02). Conclusion High CAC scores were associated with increased all-cause mortality. Although older adult patients had higher risks of death, the relative risk of death for patients with CAC > 400 was more prominent in people younger than 65 years.
Genetic diversity and evolutionary convergence of cryptic SARS- CoV-2 lineages detected via wastewater sequencing

Wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) is an effective way of tracking the appearance and spread of SARS-COV-2 lineages through communities. Beginning in early 2021, we implemented a targeted approach to amplify and sequence the receptor binding domain (RBD) of SARS-COV-2 to characterize viral lineages present in sewersheds. Over the course of 2021, we reproducibly detected multiple SARS-COV-2 RBD lineages that have never been observed in patient samples in 9 sewersheds located in 3 states in the USA. These cryptic lineages contained between 4 to 24 amino acid substitutions in the RBD and were observed intermittently in the sewersheds in which they were found for as long as 14 months. Many of the amino acid substitutions in these lineages occurred at residues also mutated in the Omicron variant of concern (VOC), often with the same substitutions. One of the sewersheds contained a lineage that appeared to be derived from the Alpha VOC, but the majority of the lineages appeared to be derived from pre-VOC SARS-COV-2 lineages. Specifically, several of the cryptic lineages from New York City appeared to be derived from a common ancestor that most likely diverged in early 2020. While the source of these cryptic lineages has not been resolved, it seems increasingly likely that they were derived from long-term patient infections or animal reservoirs. Our findings demonstrate that SARS-COV-2 genetic diversity is greater than what is commonly observed through routine SARS-CoV-2 surveillance. Wastewater sampling may more fully capture SARS-CoV-2 genetic diversity than patient sampling and could reveal new VOCs before they emerge in the wider human population.
Associations between health-related quality of life and measures of adiposity among Filipino adults

Objective Estimate associations between the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and adiposity in a low-income population. Methods In a cluster random sample of 3796 Filipinos aged 40–70 years in Nueva Ecija province, we measured body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), and six dimensions of HRQoL using the 20-item Short Form Health Survey. We stratified by sex and used nonparametric regression to graph mean HRQoL in each dimension by BMI, WC, and WHR. We used ordinary least squares regression to estimate differences in each HRQoL dimension by categories of BMI, WC, and WHR adjusted for sociodemographic characteristics and smoking. Results Mean HRQoL was lowest for health perception (Males: 67.5 (SD = 15.9); Females: 66.7 (15.8)) and highest for role functioning (Males: 97.5 (12.9); Females: 97.4 (13.3)). Mean (SD) values of BMI, WC, and WHR were 22.1 (3.6), 84.8 cm (9.5), and 0.9 (0.1), respectively for males, and 23.7 (4.2), 86.5 cm (10.2), and 0.9 (0.1), respectively, for females. There was no evidence that higher BMI was associated with lower HRQoL. Adjusted mean social functioning was 4.92 (p = 0.076) higher for males with high BMI risk (8.6% prevalence) compared with acceptable BMI risk (50.3%). Mean social functioning was 3.61 (p = 0.012) and 5.48 (p = 0.017) lower for females with high WC (44.7%) and WHR (83.1%), respectively, compared with those with low WC (23.8%) and WHR (3.6%). Mean physical functioning was lower by 2.70 (p = 0.204) and 1.07 (p = 0.198) for males and females, respectively, with high compared with low WC. Mean physical functioning was 3.93 (p = 0.037) lower for males with high (7.6%) compared with low (38.8%) WHR. Mean role functioning was 1.09 (p = 0.124) and 2.46 (p = 0.158) lower for males with borderline and high WHR, respectively. Conclusions There is discordance between future adiposity-related health risk and current experience of HRQoL.
Dispositional and ideological factor correlate of conspiracy thinking and beliefs

This study explored how the Big Five personality traits, as well as measures of personality disorders, are related to two different measures of conspiracy theories (CTs)The two measures correlated r = . 58 and were applied to examine generalisability of findings. We also measured participants (N = 397) general knowledge levels and ideology in the form of religious and political beliefs. Results show that the Big Five and ideology are related to CTs but these relationships are generally wiped out by the stronger effects of the personality disorder scales. Two personality disorder clusters (A and B) were significant correlates of both CT measures, in both cases accounting for similar amounts of variance (20%). The personality disorders most predictive of conspiracy theories were related to the A cluster, characterized by schizotypal symptoms such as oddities of thinking and loose associations. These findings were corroborated by an additional analysis using Latent Semantic Analysis (LSA). LSA demonstrated that the items measuring schizotypal and related symptoms are cognitively related to both our measures of CTs. The implications for the studying of CTs is discussed, and limitations are acknowledged.
The uptake of key Essential Nutrition Action (ENA) messages and its predictors among mothers of children aged 6–24 months in Southern Ethiopia, 2021: A community-based crossectional study

Background Essential nutrition action(ENA) is a framework for managing advocacy, establishing a foundation, and implementing a comprehensive package of preventive nutritional activities. Essential Nutrition Actions study studies provide current information on each nutrition action, allowing health systems to focus more on nutrition, which is critical in tackling the "double burden" of malnutrition: underweight and overweight. Hence, this study aimed at assessing the level of ENA practice and its predictors among mothers of children aged 6 to 24 months in southern Ethiopia. Methods A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted from May 1 to 30, 2021 among randomly selected 633 mothers of children aged 6–24 months. A multi-stage sampling technique was used to access study participants. Data were collected by using a pretested, structured interviewer-administered questionnaire. To identify predictors of ENA practice, bivariable and multivariable logistic regression were used. The strength of the association was measured using an adjusted odds ratio with 95 percent confidence intervals. The statistical significance was declared at a p-value less than 0.05. Results A total of 624 participants took part in the study, with a response rate of 98.6%. The uptake of key ENA messages among mothers was measured using 27 items, and it was found to be 47.4% (95% CI: 43.8, 51.4). Complementary feeding was the commonest ENA message practiced by 66.7% of respondents, while prevention of iodine deficiency disorder was practiced by only 33.7% of respondents. Variables namely, mother’s education level of college and above [AOR: 3.90, 95% CI: 1.79, 8.51], institutional delivery [AOR: 2.75, 95% CI: 1.17,6.49], having PNC service [AOR: 2.95, 95% CI: 1.91, 4.57], being knowledgeable on ENA message [AOR: 2.37, 95% CI: 1.81, 3.26] and being a model household [AOR: 3.83,95% CI: 2.58, 5.69] were positively associated with a good uptake of key ENA messages. On the other hand, primiparity [AOR: 0.32, 95% CI: 0.21,0.56] was identified as a negative predictor. Conclusion The overall practice of key Essential nutrition action messages in the study area was low as compared to studies. Stakeholders must step up their efforts to improve and hasten the utilization of maternal and child health services, especially institutional delivery and Postnatal care by focusing on uneducated women to promote compliance to key ENA messages. Furthermore, health workers need to focus on awareness-raising and model household creation.
Impact of Freeze-Drying on Cord Blood (CB), Serum (S), and Platelet-Rich Plasma (CB-PRP) Preparations on Growth Factor Content and In Vitro Cell Wound Healing

Blood-based preparations are used in clinical practice for the treatment of several eye disorders. The aim of this study is to analyze the effect of freeze-drying blood-based preparations on the levels of growth factors and wound healing behaviors in an in vitro model. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and serum (S) preparations from the same Cord Blood (CB) sample, prepared in both fresh frozen (FF) and freeze-dried (FD) forms (and then reconstituted), were analyzed for EGF and BDNF content (ELISA Quantikine kit). The human MIO-M1 glial cell line (Moorfield/Institute of Ophthalmology, London, UK) was incubated with FF and FD products and evaluated for cell migration with scratch-induced wounding (IncuCyte S3 Essen BioScience), proliferation with cyclin A2 and D1 gene expression, and activation with vimentin and GFAP gene expression. The FF and FD forms showed similar concentrations of EGF and BDNF in both the S and PRP preparations. The wound healing assay showed no significant difference between the FF and FD forms for both S and PRP. Additionally, cell migration, proliferation, and activation did not appear to change in the FD forms compared to the FF ones. Our study showed that reconstituted FD products maintained the growth factor concentrations and biological properties of FF products and could be used as a functional treatment option.
Gestational weight gain and breastfeeding practices in relation to offspring body mass index among Amazonian young children

Excessive weight gain during childhood has been considered an early life risk factor for chronic disease in the long term. We examined the role of excessive gestational weight gain (GWG) and breastfeeding (BF) practices with the offspring's body mass index‐for‐age z‐score (zBMI) at 2 years.
Low‐frequency motions on the Scotian shelf and slope

Abstract An examination of current‐meter data gathered in 1967/68 on the continental shelf and slope off Nova Scotia has shown that meteorological forcing is an important source of energy. The response of currents to wind forcing is concentrated in a frequency band of 2.5 to 7 days. Daily mean currents of up to 25 cm/s appear to be associated with wind‐stress events. The highest correlations between wind and current are for the alongshore components of these variables. Wind‐induced currents may have been responsible for an intrusion of slope water onto the shelf which was observed in hydrographic sections from October and December 1968. Long data series (up to 167 days) formed by patching together shorter records demonstrate the existence of distinct low‐frequency variability at periods greater than 10 days. Some aspects of these motions suggest the presence of topographic Rossby waves on the shelf and slope. However, spatial and temporal coverage of data are not sufficient to define the sources of this v.
Airfoil Theory for Flows of Variable Velocity

In many cases of aircraft practice—notably that of the rotating wing—the lift surfaces are in air streams of variable velocity. There are two resulting effects tha t are excluded from a direct application of the usual airfoil formulas. One arises from the continuous wake of vortexes which are shed from the trailing edge with each change of circulation; the other, from the impulsive pressure because the air masses are accelerating. The purpose of this paper is to study this aerodynamic problem, taking into account these effects with a certain but sufficient degree of approximation. The first section deals with the general problem of an airfoil at constant angle of attack but with a variable stream velocity. The main result is an integro-differential relation between the velocity and circulation which is t rue for general flows. I t is given in two forms: the realistic, where the airfoil is assumed at some time to have started from rest; and the periodic, where the flow is periodic. The second section is a complete solution to the important practical case: velocity = constant + sinusoidal variation. In the third section the lift is calculated. In particular, an explicit formula is given for the case of the second section in the form of a Fourier series. The moment is not evaluated since the technique is similar. Finally, the solution to a numerical example is given.
Properties of H II Region Populations in Galaxies. I. The First-ranked H II Regions

H-alpha photometry of the brightest H II regions in 95 nearby spiral and irregular galaxies has been analyzed in order to study the dependence of the H II region populations on the properties of their parent galaxies. It is found that the brightest H II regions in Magellanic irregular galaxies are about 50 times brighter than those in early-type spirals of the same absolute magnitude. It is suggested that this difference is due to both an increase in the numbers of H II regions in late-type galaxies and a physical change in the characteristic sizes of the star-forming regions. 62 references.