Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Intramembrane signal transduction and cell envelope stress response in Bacillus subtilis

The bacterial cell envelope is the first and major line of defence against threats from the environment. It is an essential and vulnerable structure that gives the cell its shape and counteracts the high internal osmotic pressure. It also provides an important sensory interface and molecular sieve, mediating both information flow and controlled transport of solutes. The cell envelope is also the target for numerous antibiotics. Therefore, the monitoring and maintaining of cell envelope integrity in the presence of envelope perturbating agents and conditions is crucial for survival. In Bacillus subtilis a complex regulatory network, consisting of 7 signal transducing systems, orchestrates the cell envelope stress response. Two forms of regulatory systems can be found: ECF-sigma factors and two component systems (TCS). One of these TCS is the LiaRS system that responds to cell wall antibiotics that interfere with the undecaprenol cycle and to perturbation of the cytoplasmic me! mbrane. It is encoded by the last two genes of the liaIHGFSR locus. Without cell envelope stress, the last 4 genes are constitutively expressed from a weak promoter upstream of liaG to ensure the presence of the two-component system in the cell. The activated response regulator LiaR induces the expression of the lia operon. LiaR binds to a palindromic sequence with a 7-4-7 inverted repeat, which is located 75 bp upstream of the liaI start codon. In addition to the liaI promoter (PliaI), the promoter of the yhcYZ-yhdA operon and of the ydhE gene could be identified as target promoters of LiaR in B. subtilis. A systematic deletion analysis of the lia operon revealed that LiaF is a negative regulator of LiaR-dependent gene expression: a non-polar liaF deletion leads to constitutive activation of all three characterized LiaR-dependent promoters. The liaF gene is conserved in both sequence and genomic context in the Firmicutes group of Gram-positive bacteria, located directly upstream of liaSR orthologs. Therefore, LiaF together with LiaRS forms a three-component system. In the transition to stationary phase, PliaI is induced without exogenous stimuli. This induction is LiaR-dependent and additionally regulated by AbrB and Spo0A. During logarithmic growth the transition state regulator AbrB binds to the liaI promoter and prevents expression of the lia operon. Spo0A regulates PliaI induction in transition state indirectly by repressing the expression of AbrB.
Incorporation of Boron in Mesoporous Bioactive Glass Nanoparticles Reduces Inflammatory Response and Delays Osteogenic Differentiation

Mesoporous bioactive glass nanoparticles (MBG) are multifunctional building blocks for tissue regeneration and nanomedicine applications. Incorporation of biologically active ions can endow MBG with additional functionalities toward promoted therapeutic effects. Here, boron is incorporated into MBG by using a sol–gel approach. The concentration of boron incorporated is controllable by tuning the amount of boron precursor. Two types of boron‐doped MBG, namely 10B‐ and 15B‐MBG (5.8 and 6.5 mol% of B2O3, respectively) are synthesized. Boron incorporation does not significantly influence the particle morphology. All synthesized particles exhibit a sphere‐like shape with a size ranging from 100 to 300 nm. 10B‐ and 15B‐MBG show large specific surface area (346 and 320 m² g−1, respectively) and pore volume. Both boron‐doped MBG exhibit remarkable in vitro bioactivity and noncytotoxicity. Boron incorporation is shown to reduce the inflammatory response linked to macrophages as indicated by downregulated expression of pro‐inflammatory genes. However, boron incorporation delays the osteogenic differentiation in osteoblasts as indicated by the downregulated expression of pro‐osteogenic genes. The results demonstrate the promising potential of using boron‐doped MBG to modulate inflammatory response for bone regeneration under inflammatory conditions, as shown in this study for the first time.
Towards a panbiogeography of the seas

A contrast is drawn between the concept of speciation favoured in the Darwin–Wallace biogeographic paradigm (founder dispersal from a centre of origin) and in panbiogeography (vicariance or allopatry). Ordinary ecological dispersal is distinguished from founder dispersal. A survey of recent literature indicates that ideas on many aspects of marine biology are converging on a panbiogeographic view. Panbiogeographic conclusions supported in recent work include the following observations: fossils give minimum ages for groups and most taxa are considerably older than their earliest known fossil; Pacific/Atlantic divergence calibrations based on the rise of the Isthmus of Panama at 3 Ma are flawed; for these two reasons most molecular clock calibrations for marine groups are also flawed; the means of dispersal of taxa do not correlate with their actual distributions; populations of marine species may be closed systems because of self-recruitment; most marine taxa show at least some degree of vicariant differentiation and vicariance is surprisingly common among what were previously assumed to be uniform, widespread taxa; mangrove and seagrass biogeography and migration patterns in marine taxa are best explained by vicariance; the Indian Ocean and the Pacific Ocean represent major biogeographic regions and diversity in the Indo-Australian Archipelago is related to Indian Ocean/Pacific Ocean vicariance; distribution in the Pacific is not the result of founder dispersal; distribution in the south-west Pacific is accounted for by accretion tectonics which bring about distribution by accumulation and juxtaposition of communities; tectonic uplift and subsidence can directly affect vertical distribution of marine communities; substantial parallels exist between the biogeography of terrestrial and marine taxa; biogeographically and geologically composite areas are tractable using panbiogeographic analysis; metapopulation models are more realistic than the mainland/island dispersal models used in the equilibrium theory of island biogeography; and regional biogeography is a major determinant of local community composition. © 2005 The Linnean Society of London, Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2005, 84, 675–723.
Genetic Variability, Heritability and Genetic Advance in Mungbean (Vigna radiata L. Wilczek) Accessions

The present study was conducted to assess the magnitude of genetic variability, heritability in broad sense and genetic advance among thirteen mung bean accessions for growth and grain yield characters. The study was conducted at the Haramaya University Rare research site and Hirna research site during the 2012/2013 cropping season. Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications was used for both locations. Each genotype was planted on a 1.2 X 2m plot consisting of four rows, which accommodates ten plants per row and thus 40 plants per plot. The result showed that number of primary branches, pods per plant, seeds per plant and harvest index had high genotypic and phenotypic coefficients of variation at both locations. For all characters, phenotypic coefficient of variation was higher than genotypic coefficient of variation indicating that there was environmental influence on these traits. The combined results for heritability showed that the high estimates of heritability and genetic advance were scored for seeds per plant and seed yield indicating that these characters were under the control of additive genetic effects. High genetic advance expected as percent of mean coupled with high heritability was observed for number of primary branches at Hirna, number of seeds per plant at Rare and number of secondary branches, pods per plant and 100seed weight for combined analysis. The present findings could be useful for establishing selection criteria for high seed yield in the mung bean breeding.
A new genus and species of the family Isididae (Coelenterata: Octocorallia) from a CMAR Biodiversity study, and a discussion on the subfamilial placement of some nominal isidid genera

We describe a new abyssal genus and species of bamboo coral (family Isididae) with some markedly unusual characteris-tics, collected from a depth of just over 2000 m off southern Tasmania. Jasonisis thresheri n. gen., n. sp. possesses a fleshytegument that contains nematocysts, tubular axial internodes that are internally partitioned, scale-shaped sclerites thathave a morphology not recorded before for octocorals, and polyps that lack thorny rods or double stars in the pharynx.Molecular data place Jasonisis n. gen. in the subfamily Keratoisidinae whose definition is altered to incorporate the un-usual characters. We also report some comparative observations on the internal structure of the axial internodes of theisidid genera Keratoisis Wright, 1869, Lepidisis Verrill, 1883 and Isidella Gray, 1857, and we alter the definition of thesubfamily Mopseinae to allow the inclusion of the genera Tenuisis, Echinisis sensu Bayer & Stefani 1987 and Sclerisis sensu Bayer & Stefani 1987.
On the origin of European lilies: phylogenetic analysis of Lilium section Liriotypus (Liliaceae) using sequences of the nuclear ribosomal transcribed spacers

Abstract İkinci, N. , Oberprieler, C. & Güner, A. : On the origin of European lilies: phylogenetic analysis of Lilium section Liriotypus (Liliaceae) using sequences of the nuclear ribosomal transcribed spacers. — Willdenowia 36: 647–656. — ISSN 0511-9618; © 2006 BGBM Berlin-Dahlem doi:10.3372/wi.36. 36201 (available via http://dx.doi.org/) The sequences of the nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region were analysed for 28 representatives of Lilium, one Nomocharis species and three outgroup taxa of Lilieae (Notholirion, Fritillaria and Cardiocrinum). 17 of the 20 members of Lilium sect. Liriotypus were included. A maximum parsimony analysis was carried out for the phylogenetic reconstruction. The results are not completely congruent with sectional delimitations of L. sect. Liriotypus based on morphological characters. They confirm the previous suggestion that L. sect. Liriotypus is monophyletic only if L. bulbiferum is excluded and placed in L. sect. Sinomartagon. The monophyly of the remaining L. sect. Liriotypus receives good support from bootstrap analysis. It can be divided into two groups, one comprising NE Turkish-Caucasian species and another the European species, L. candidum and the two Turkish endemics L. ciliatum and L. akkusianum. The results also show that L. ponticum cannot be included within the so-called L. carniolicum group of lilies.
Mapping Structural Connectivity Using Diffusion MRI: Challenges and Opportunities

Diffusion MRI‐based tractography is the most commonly‐used technique when inferring the structural brain connectome, i.e., the comprehensive map of the connections in the brain. The utility of graph theory—a powerful mathematical approach for modeling complex network systems—for analyzing tractography‐based connectomes brings important opportunities to interrogate connectome data, providing novel insights into the connectivity patterns and topological characteristics of brain structural networks. When applying this framework, however, there are challenges, particularly regarding methodological and biological plausibility. This article describes the challenges surrounding quantitative tractography and potential solutions. In addition, challenges related to the calculation of global network metrics based on graph theory are discussed.Evidence Level: 5Technical Efficacy: Stage 1
A one-dimensional modeling study on the effect of advanced insulation coatings on internal combustion engine efficiency

This article presents a study of the impact on engine efficiency of the heat loss reduction due to in-cylinder coating insulation. A numerical methodology based on one-dimensional heat transfer model is developed. Since there is no analytic solution for engines, the one-dimensional model was validated with the results of a simple “equivalent” problem, and then applied to different engine boundary conditions. Later on, the analysis of the effect of different coating properties on the heat transfer using the simplified one-dimensional heat transfer model is performed. After that, the model is coupled with a complete virtual engine that includes both thermodynamic and thermal modeling. Next, the thermal flows across the cylinder parts coated with the insulation material (piston and cylinder head) are predicted and the effect of the coating on engine indicated efficiency is analyzed in detail. The results show the gain limits, in terms of engine efficiency, that may be obtained with advanced coating solutions.
Urinary tract infections caused by extended spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae

Emerging antibiotic resistance due to extended spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) production limited the use of β-lactam antibiotics against Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae. This observational study was conducted at the Microbiology department of the Children’s Hospital, Lahore Pakistan, from June, 2009 to November, 2010 to determine the frequency and antimicrobial resistance of ESBL producing E. coli and K. pneumoniae. A total of 13638 urine samples were processed for culture and antimicrobial sensitivity testing. E. coli and K. pneumoniae were identified using API 20E. A double disk synergy test (DDST) was performed to determine ESBL production. ESBL production was detected in 312 (57.4%) E. col i and 386 (71.7%) K. pneumoniae . A multidrug resistance pattern was seen in ESBL producing E. coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae . ESBL producing E. coli showed maximum resistance to cefotaxime (100%), ceftazidime (99.4%) and cefuroxime (93.3%) while minimum resistance was seen with meropenem (1.3%), piperacillin/tazobactam (10.3%) and nitrofurantoin (27.6%). ESBL producing K. pneumoniae showed maximum resistance to ceftazidime (100%), cefotaxime (98.7%) and cefuroxime (98.1%) while minimum resistance was seen with meropenem (3.6%), piperacillin/tazobactam (17.6%), and nitrofurantoin (28.5%). In ESBL producing bacteria, high prevalence of antibacterial resistance of non-β-lactam antibiotics is a serious matter of concern. Monitoring of ESBL production and antimicrobial susceptibility testing are necessary to avoid treatment failure in patients with urinary tract infection (UTI). Key words : Extended spectrum, beta-lactamases, urinary tract infections, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae.
Chapter 15. The acquisition of obligatory and variable mood selection in epistemic predicates by L2 learners and heritage speakers of Spanish

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Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 Secretion by the L-Cell

Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) is a gut-derived peptide secreted from intestinal L-cells after a meal. GLP-1 has numerous physiological actions, including potentiation of glucose-stimulated insulin secretion, enhancement of β-cell growth and survival, and inhibition of glucagon release, gastric emptying, and food intake. These antidiabetic effects of GLP-1 have led to intense interest in the use of this peptide for the treatment of patients with type 2 diabetes. Oral nutrients such as glucose and fat are potent physiological regulators of GLP-1 secretion, but non-nutrient stimulators of GLP-1 release have also been identified, including the neuromodulators acetylcholine and gastrin-releasing peptide. Peripheral hormones that participate in energy homeostasis, such as leptin, have also been implicated in the regulation of GLP-1 release. Recent studies have begun to elucidate the intracellular signaling pathways that mediate the effects of GLP-1 secretagogues on the intestinal L-cell. The purpose of this review is to summarize the known signaling mechanisms of GLP-1 secretagogues based on the available literature. A better understanding of the pathways underlying GLP-1 secretion may lead to novel approaches by which the levels of this important insulinotropic hormone can be enhanced in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Genetic and Environmental Variation of Glucosinolate Content in Chinese Cabbage

Additional index words. Brassica rapa var. pekinensis, gluconasturtiin, glucobrassicin indole- 3-carbanol, phenethlyisothiocyanate, genotype · environment interaction Abstract. Strong evidence exists to suggest that increased consumption of glucosinolates from Brassica vegetables is associated with reduced risk of cancer induction and development. Development of elite germplasm of these vegetables with enhanced levels of glucosinolates will putatively enhance health promotion among the consuming public. To evaluate levels of glucosinolate phenotypic variation in Chinese cabbage tissue and partition the total phenotypic variation into component sources (genotype, environment, and genotype-by- environment interaction), a set of 23 Brassica rapa L. var. pekinensis genotypes were grown in two different environments (field plots and greenhouse ground beds). Gluconasturtiin and glucobrassicin were found to account for � 80% of total head glucosinolate content. Significant differences were found in glucosinolate concentrations between the lowest and highest genotypes for glucobrassicin (6-fold) and for gluconasturtiin (2.5-fold). Analysis of variance showed that for the three major glucosinolates (gluconasturtiin, glucobrassicin, and progoitrin), the genotypic effects described most of the phenotypic variation (62% averaged over the three compounds). The next most important factor was genotype · environment interaction (29%), whereas variation affiliated with the environment was found to be relatively minor (8%). These results suggest that genetic manipulation and selection can be conducted to increase glucosinolate content and the putative health promotion associated with consumption of Chinese cabbage.
A Review of Lightning Location Systems: Part 11-Performance Parameters and Existing Networks

The geolocation and analysis of lightning discharges are fundamental in a wide variety of applications. Typical users of lightning information are meteorological agencies, aviation or air traffic authorities, land management entities, electric power transmission and distribution operators and other public utilities. Nowadays the lightning strike hazards may be properly managed by using well performing Lightning Location Systems (LLS). All sensors and devices of a network used to detect and locate lightning events can be featured by parameters that numerically describe reliability, precision and ranges of operation. This paper proposes an overview on the main parameters of LLSs: Detection Efficiency, False Alarm Rate and Location Accuracy. The effects of Detection efficiency on cloud-to-ground flashes are discussed. Examples of performance parameters of LLS networks in the Mediterranean area are proposed and, finally, two ground truth reference towers are presented.
Investigating factors that improve golf scores by comparing statistics of amateur golfers in repeat scramble strokes and one-ball conditions

This study investigated how scores and statistics of amateur golfers changed when self-scramble (SC) was compared to normal play. Participants took two (SC2) to three (SC3) golf strokes each. Scores under these conditions were compared with those from normal round (NR) play to determine to what extent the scores and statistics would improve. Means, standard deviations, repeated measures one-way ANOVA, and a forward stepwise multiple regression analysis were performed for data analysis. The mean total score over nine holes by NR plays was 46.6 strokes, with a significant reduction of 7.7 strokes and 10.6 strokes under SC2 and SC3 conditions, respectively. Even when the three play conditions’ total scores decreased significantly for all subjects, the putt rate was around 38%, suggesting that the ratio of the number of putts per score did not change when play conditions changed. Stepwise multiple regression analysis for NR and SC2 using total score as the dependent variable and each statistic as the independent variables showed that greens in regulation (GIR) predicted 51.2% of the total score for NR; GIR and the One-Putt rate predicted 87.3% of the total score for SC2. These findings indicate that GIR is the most important factor for reducing non-professional golfers’ total scores. This study suggests that players gain experience in reducing their golf scores in a format that is similar to an actual game of golf.
Bioethanol production from coconut pulp residue using hydrothermal and postalkaline pretreatment

The objective of this study is to explore the feasibility of sequential hydrothermal and alkaline pretreatment in improving enzymatic hydrolysis and sugar production of coconut pulp residue for bioethanol production. Hydrothermal pretreatment with the different heating duration of 20, 40, 60 minutes yielded 32.27, 27.51, and 26.72 g/L of total sugar, respectively. After posttreatment with 1%, 2%, and 3% alkaline treatment, the further increment of almost 90% on sugar production was observed. Compared to the single pretreatment, the combination of hydrothermal and alkaline pretreatment significantly affected the enzymatic hydrolysis. The optimum condition for efficient hydrolysis was 40 minutes hydrothermal pretreatment, followed by 1% NaOH posttreatment. At these conditions, the total and reducing sugar was 257.14 ± 0.92 and 102.86 ± 0.82 g/L and the maximum ethanol achieved was 27.19 g/L on the 48 hours of fermentation with efficiency and ethanol productivity of 51.83% and 0.57 g/L/h, respectively.
Some new fungi associated with needle blight of conifers

A new phacidiaceous genus, Darkera, is erected to accommodate two species: D. abietis sp. nov. on Abies balsamea (L.) Mill, and A. concolor Lindl. & Gord. , and D. parca sp. nov. on Picea glauca (Moench) Voss and P. abies (L.) Karst. Their presumptive conidial states, Tiarosporella abietis sp. nov. and T. parca (Berk. & Br.) comb. nov., respectively, as well as T. pseudotsuga sp. nov. on Pseudotsuga meinziesii (Mirb.) Franco are also described. The relationship of Darkera to other phacidiaceous genera is discussed, with special reference to ascus apices and their reaction to Melzer's reagent.
Does Motivation, Personality and Environment Influence Enthusiasm of Generation Z to Contuining Study to Higher Education?

This study aims to analyze the influence of motivation, personality, and environment on students ‘interest to continue their studies to college. we used a sample of 162 students at 12th grade. Data analysis techniques using multiple linear regression analysis. The results show that motivation and environment significantly influence towards enthusiasm for continuing to higher education. However, not with personality variables. This proves that even though generation Z students have pragmatic personalities, underdeveloped social relationships, caution with their emotions, individualists, and open thinking, have not been proven to have an influence on interest in continuing their studies. So, even if the personality is good or bad does not have an influence on the interest in continuing their studies to college. Because of that, cooperation between family environments, school and community environment especially peer interaction very needed. The role of the main family environment in the lives of students, the family environment is expected to always support what is aspired by their children, especially in sub-indicators of family environment which has a moderate mean of social class and economic status.