Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Impact of Number of Operators and Distance to Branch Piles on Woodchipper Operation

Branch chipping machines with low-power engines are distinguished with an intermittent operation due to a periodical supply of branches. A conventional drive speed control of these machines is not adapted to adjust the operating mode depending on frequency of material supply for shredding. This article discusses the issues related to the assessment of the application of adaptive systems similar in design to start–stop systems used in vehicles, as necessary in the driving of this type machine. During testing, an impact of a distance between a branch pile from the woodchipper, a number of operators on frequency of drive unit operating condition changes, and the mass and volume output (productivity) were considered. A percentage ratio of the active and passive (idle) operation in selected conditions of use was also determined. A low-power 9.5 kW engine-powered cylindrical-type woodchipper was used for testing. Material chopped in the chipper was freshly cut branches of oaks (Quercus L. Sp. Pl. 994. 1753) with a diameter in the largest cross-section ca. 80 mm and moisture content ca. 25%. Piles of branches were located at three different distances from the chipper, i.e., 3 m, 9 m and 15 m. Branches to the chipper were fed by one or two operators. It was demonstrated that the idle run time in tested conditions with one operator could be from 43% to 71% of the entire operating time. Frequency of operating condition changes when only one operator worked and fluctuated from ca. 6 to 2 times per minute. Increasing the number of operators from one to two had a slight impact on the frequency of operating condition changes (by ca. 7%) at the shortest distance from the chipper (3 m). However, at larger distances, the additional operator may increase the frequency of operating condition changes of the chipper by 77% for 9 m distance and 85% for 15 m distance. The mass and volumetric output of the cylindrical chipper in the most advantageous case is equal to 0.66 t/h and 3.5 m3/h, respectively. The increase of the branch pile distance from the chipper causes a drop in mass output by 32%, and volumetric output by 33.5%. The results of the tests confirmed the necessity for the development of low-power chipping machines designed for clearing operations rather than industrial production of biomass. A direction for development could be systems that adapt driving units to operating conditions, depending on a demand for the chipping process.
Aspectos reprodutivos de Goniopsis cruentata (Latreille) (Crustacea, Brachyura, Grapsidae) na Baía de Sepetiba, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil

The objective of this study was to get some knowledge about the reproductive aspects of Goniopsis cruentata (Latreille, 1803), concerning through sex ratio, morphological sexual maturity, reproductive period, fecundity and eggs size. The crabs were collected monthly in Itacuruca's Mangroves from November, 1997 to November, 1998. Four hundred and seven crabs were caught and they were 47% males, 36% females and 17% ovigerous females. The sex ratio was 1:1.13 (male:female) (X2= 1.54, p > 0.05). The relation of abdomen width (AW) and carapace width (CW) in females showed a positive allometric grow (b = 1.36), it suggests the size onset of maturity occur from 26.0 a 29.0 mm (CW) in females. The ovigerous females occured during all the research period, except for the winter months (June to August). The size of these ovigerous females varied from 26.0 to 48.8 mm with mean size 35.1 + 5.2 mm. Individual fecundity varied from 29,975 to 142,050 eggs and mean fecundity was 74,751 ± 27 eggs. The mean diameter of the eggs was 300 ± 20 µm.
OCCURRENCE OF BACILLUS CEREUS IN SOME MILK-BASED DESSERTS

A total of one hundred and fifty milk-based desserts samples including rice with milk, pudding, and custard (50 each) were collected from different localities in Assiut city, Egypt. The collected samples were examined for the isolation and enumeration of Bacillus cereus. The Most Probable Number technique was used for the enumeration of Bacillus cereus using tryptone soy polymyxin broth and Mannitol Egg Yolk Polymyxin (MYP) agar. The incidence of Bacillus cereus was 62%, 44% and 32% in the examined rice with milk, pudding, and custard samples, respectively. The Bacillus cereus count in most of the examined samples was in the range of 10-<10 2 CFU/g. The public health importance of Bacillus cereus was also discussed.
Mitigating Selection Bias: A Bayesian Approach to Two-stage Causal Modeling With Instrumental Variables for Nonnormal Missing Data

This study proposes a two-stage causal modeling with instrumental variables to mitigate selection bias, provide correct standard error estimates, and address nonnormal and missing data issues simultaneously. Bayesian methods are used for model estimation. Robust methods with Student’s t distributions are used to account for nonnormal data. Ignorable missing data are handled by multiple imputation techniques, while nonignorable missing data are handled by an added-on selection model structure. In addition to categorical treatment data, this study extends the work to continuous treatment variables. Monte Carlo simulation studies are conducted showing that the proposed Bayesian approach can well address common issues in existing methods. We provide a real data example on the early childhood relative age effect study to illustrate the application of the proposed method. The proposed method can be easily implemented using the R software package "ALMOND" (Analysis of Local Average Treatment Effect for missing or/and Nonnormal Data).
Optimal production decisions in biopharmaceutical fill-and-finish operations

Abstract Fill-and-finish is among the most commonly outsourced operations in biopharmaceutical manufacturing and involves several challenges. For example, fill-operations have a random production yield, as biopharmaceutical drugs might lose their quality or stability during these operations. In addition, biopharmaceuticals are fragile molecules that need specialized equipment with limited capacity, and the associated production quantities are often strictly regulated. The non-stationary nature of the biopharmaceutical demand and limitations in forecasts add another layer of challenge in production planning. Furthermore, most companies tend to “freeze” their production decisions for a limited period of time, in which they do not react to changes in the manufacturing system. Using such freeze periods helps to improve stability in planning, but comes at a price of reduced flexibility. To address these challenges, we develop a finite-horizon, discounted-cost Markov decision model, and optimize the production decisions in biopharmaceutical fill-and-finish operations. We characterize the structural properties of optimal cost and policies, and propose a new, zone-based decision-making approach for these operations. More specifically, we show that the state space can be partitioned into decision zones that provide guidelines for optimal production policies. We illustrate the use of the model with an industry case study.
Interactive Effects of CO2 and O3 on the Growth of Trisetum flavescens and Trifolium pratense Grown in Monoculture or a Bi-Species Mixture

SUMMARY Golden oat grass (Trisetum flavescens L.) and red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) were grown as monocultures or bi-species mixtures under controlled conditions and exposed to ambient (350 ppm) or elevated (580 ppm) CO2, with or without addition of O3 (diel profile with 150 ppb maximum). Shoot biomass measurements after the initial growth and two re-growth periods were used to determine the specific responses of both species, and the difference in the specific response between monocultures and mixtures. T. pratense was much more responsive to CO2, O3, and their combination, compared to T. flavescens. In the case of O3 but not of CO2, the difference in sensitivity between species was larger in mixture than in monoculture. In contrast to elevated CO2, O3 significantly reduced the root:shoot ratio in the mixture, which could explain the increasing negative effect of O3 on clover with progressing harvests. The relative CO2 stimulation of T. pratense and of the cumulative mixture shoot biomass was larger in the presence than in the absence of O3, which was due to an almost complete protection from O3 stress by elevated CO2. In the mixture, the fraction of T. flavescens was small and increased during the experiment; this increase was most pronounced with O3, but any change in mixture biomass was dominated by the response of T. repens. The results confirm that in grass/legume mixtures legumes are most sensitive to elevated CO2 and O3, but the magnitude of specific responses depends on canopy structure and of plant development. Elevated CO2 minimizes the negative impacts of O3 stress on above- and below-ground plant growth.
Analyzing Machine Learning Models that Predict Mental Illnesses from Social Media Text

Previous studies, both in psychology and linguistics, have shown that individuals with mental illnesses show deviations from normal language use, that these differences can be used to make predictions, and used as a diagnostic tool. Recent studies have shown that machine learning can be used to predict people with mental illnesses based on their writing. However, little attention is paid to the interpretability of the machine learning models. In this talk we will discribe our analysis of the machine learning models, the different language patterns that distinguish individuals having mental illnesses from a control group, and the associated privacy concerns. We use a dataset[1] of Tweets that are collected from users who reported a diagnosis of a mental illnesses on Twitter. Given the self-reported nature of the dataset, it is possible that some of these individuals are actively talking about their mental illness on social media. We investigated if the machine learning models are detecting the active mentions of the mental illness or if they are detecting more complex language patterns. We then conducted a feature analysis by creating feature vectors using word unigrams, part of speech tags and word clusters [4] and used feature importance measures and statistical methods to identify important features. This analysis serves two purposes: to understand the machine learning model, and to discover language patterns that would help in identifying people with mental illnesses. Finally, we conducted a qualitative analysis of the misclassifications to understand the potential causes for the misclassifications.
Following Politicians on Social Media: Effects for Political Information, Peer Communication, and Youth Engagement

Young citizens increasingly turn to social media platforms for political information. These platforms enable direct communication between politicians and citizens, circumventing the influence of traditional news outlets. We still know little about the consequences of direct contact with politicians on such platforms for citizens’ political participation. Here, we argue that the interplay of different actors in the political news diet of citizens should be investigated from a networked communication perspective. Relying on a cross-sectional survey of young Danes (15–25 years old, n = 567), we investigate the relationship between following politicians on social media and: (a) the composition of young citizens’ political media diet; and (b) their civic messaging and campaign participation. Following political actors on social media relates to increased campaign engagement and can be a catalyst for young people’s exposure to campaign news, but their friends and followers function as the main node of their political online networks. We document a process of the de-mediation of politics on social media: Established news media lose influence as primary information sources for young citizens. We discuss these results in the context of users’ active curation and passive selection of their political social media diet.
Fruit-feeding butterflies guide of subtropical Atlantic Forest and Araucaria Moist Forest in State of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil

This study presents a compilation of fruit-feeding butterflies species for Rio Grande do Sul Atlantic Forest aiming to be a tool for identification of these lepidopterans from two phytophysiognomies of this biome. Samples were carried out for more than four years with entomological nets and bait traps techniques in areas of Subtropical Atlantic Forest (SAF) and Araucaria Moist Forest (AMF). Seventy-six butterfly species were recorded in this region of Atlantic Forest, 60 species for SAF and 53 for AMF. Fruit-feeding butterflies represent about 50% of the total species richness of the Nymphalidae recorded for the region, a value of the same order of those found for similar studies in tropical forests regions. Dasyophthalma rusina is a new record for Rio Grande do Sul.
The Profile of Ponzi Scheme Victims in China and the Characteristics of Their Decision-making Process

ABSTRACT Ponzi schemes have begun flourishing in China in recent years. However, there is a dearth of empirical research on the victims of Ponzi schemes. The current study investigated the demographic characteristics of the victims of a Ponzi scheme based on archived data of 698 people, 30 of whom were invited to participate in in-depth interviews. Based on the interview data, we investigated why the victims invested in the scheme the first time, why they invested in the same scheme repeatedly, and why many of them relentlessly participated in other similar schemes after the disclosure of the current one without effectively learning from their failures. Inspired by institutional anomie theory, the current study suggests that specific sociocultural contexts (i.e., high living expenses, a high inflation rate, fake advertisements from newspapers, an inadequate banking system, and an ambiguous legal system) play vital roles in shaping victims’ motivation, decision-making, and investment behaviors. The practical implications of the current study are also discussed.
CRYPTIC DIVERSITY IN PHYTOPLANKTON CULTURES IS REVEALED USING A SIMPLE PLATING TECHNIQUE 1

A simple technique has been developed to probe the occurrence of cryptic genetic diversity in populations of laboratory‐maintained phytoplankton cultures. This agarose‐based method allows the investigator to plate a broad range of fragile algae, including representatives of the Raphidophyceae, Synurophyceae, Prymnesiophyceae, and Dinophyceae. Heterosigma akashiwo (Hada) Hada ex Y. Hara et Chihara was selected as a model system for our genetic diversity study. Further optimization of the plating technique for this alga demonstrated that colony formation was independent of the physiological state of the parent culture and yet dependent on incident light intensity. The density at which cells were plated affected colony formation and the rate of growth, with intermediate densities (∼103 cells per plate) performing best. High‐metal stress was used as the selective screen for assessing genetic variability within a single H. akashiwo culture. To this end, “clonal” lines (quotation marks used to indicate that within‐clone diversity was expected) were generated from individual plated colonies, and their tolerance was measured by plating on selective medium. Results of these experiments suggest the following: (i) “clonal” lines generated from a single H. akashiwo culture displayed a significant variation in stress tolerance; (ii) “clonal” lines chosen for their ability to grow on selective plates retained this tolerance in the absence of stress, indicating that the observed variation is heritable; and (iii) genetic variation is continually generated in growing cultures. Our results are consistent with a conceptual model, presented here, in which stress tolerance among the individuals in a culture has a genetic basis that varies over a continuous spectrum.
Phylogeography of black bears (Ursus americanus) of the Pacific Northwest

Phylogeographic study across codistributed taxa provides temporal and spatial perspectives on the assemblage of communities. A repeated pattern of intraspecific diversification within several taxa of the Pacific Northwest has been documented, and we contribute additional information to this growing data set. We analyzed variation in two mitochondrial genes (cytochrome b and control region) for the black bear (Ursus americanus) and expand previous analyses of phylogeographic variation. Two lineages (coastal and continental) exist; the coastal lineage extends along the Pacific coast from the Takhin River north of Glacier Bay National Park, southeast Alaska, to northern California, whereas the continental lineage is more widespread, occurring from central Alaska to the east coast. Both lineages occur along the coast of southeast Alaska, where interlineage divergence ranged from 3.1 to 3.6% (uncorrected p distances). Multiple lineages of other species have also been identified from southeast Alaska, indicatin.
A Retrospective Review of Tumor Lysis Syndrome Associated With Colorectal Cancer

Tumor lysis syndrome (TLS) is a life-threatening oncologic condition that is most commonly linked with hematologic malignancies and uncommonly seen in solid tumors, including colorectal cancer (CRC). Therefore, a lack of awareness regarding TLS in CRC could lead to significant morbidity and mortality. This study aims to explore the clinical characteristics and outcomes of TLS in patients with CRC. A systematic review of the literature was performed by searching PubMed using the keywords “tumor lysis syndrome” and “colorectal cancer”. The English-language case reports and abstracts that the search results yielded were reviewed, and additional articles of interest were identified from reference lists. Information regarding the patients (age at diagnosis, presentation, and comorbidities), the tumors (histology, grade, and stage), radiologic investigations, treatment modalities (surgery, radiation, and systemic therapy), and the outcomes (response, adverse events) were recorded, when available. Descriptive statistics, such as frequency counts, medians, and ranges, were used to characterize the pooled sample. Nine case reports of TLS in CRC were identified in the literature; one additional case was added from our patient database. The median age of these patients was 58.5 years (range: 42-82 years) with 70% of these patients being male. Of note, 100% of these patients had metastatic colon cancer and 80% had metastatic involvement of the liver; 70% of these cases were associated with therapy-induced TLS with the median time-to-event being three days (range: 18 hours-30 days) after receiving chemotherapy. When looking at laboratory parameters, uric acid and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were consistently elevated in all the cases, but 50% of the cases had hyperkalemia and 50% had hyperphosphatemia. Treatment of TLS included supportive measures with IV hydration. Five out of 10 patients received urate oxidase and only one underwent hemodialysis. The overall mortality was 60%. TLS can occur with CRCs that demonstrate a high tumor burden. While most cases are associated with therapy, some cases are spontaneous in nature. Keeping in mind the high mortality associated with TLS, physicians should have a high degree of suspicion and should be aware of the fatal complications associated with TLS. Timely implementation of prophylactic and therapeutic measures including IV hydration as well as the use of xanthine oxidase inhibitors such as allopurinol can be life-saving in these cases.
Feed restriction: productive performance, hematological parameters, gastrointestinal tract and carcass of rabbits

Feed restriction is an strategy in animal production for cost reduction. The aim was to evaluate the effect of feed restriction on performance, hematological parameters, gastrointestinal tract and carcass of growing rabbits. The experimental period started at weaning (35 days) and finished at slaughter (84 days). A total of 24 New Zealand White rabbits were housing two per cage. A completely randomized design with two treatments and six replicates was used. The treatments were: Feed restriction (FR) and ad libitum (AL). In the FR each animal was feed about 45 g/day 35 to 42 days of age and 85 g/day 56 to 63 days of age. Live weight was similar from both feeding treatment at 84 days, and higher body weight gain and better feed conversion was reported after first restriction period (42 to 56 days). These results could mean that rabbits were efficient to gain weight after restriction period, which may suggest the occurrence of compensatory gain. Lower number of red blood cell, hemoglobin and haematocrit has been observed in rabbits subjected to FR than AL, however, all the hematological parameters were in a physiological range. No differences were observed for carcass weight and carcass yield, which means that FR did not affect the crucial traits for rabbit meat market. No effects of FR were detected on either gastrointestinal, liver and kidneys yield. It seems that FR could be adopted in farms, however further studies should be carried out for substantiation.
THE MARGINS OF FREE ACTION: TOWARD A SITUATIONAL UNDERSTANDING OF THE HUMAN BEING*

This article aims to describe the structural and ideological factors and conditions (on the micro, meso and macro levels) that determine people’s diverse margins of freedom. These factors converge on the specific micro-situations that individuals experience in their daily lives. We will begin by first establishing the three classical features of freedom from the philosophical point of view. Then, with the aid of Norbert Elias’ figurational sociology and the interaction rituals of Randall Collins, we will attempt to overcome the limitations of the philosophical concept of freedom. Finally, assuming that human beings always act in local micro-situations, we examine the fundamental (micro, meso and macro) factors that converge on these micro-situations and determine the different (broader or narrower) margins of freedom people enjoy. This theoretical model is not only applicable to individuals but also to groups. Indeed, this article is the first part of a wider project that aims to establish a situational anthropological model to show that people are essentially situational in their actions (freedom), in their thoughts (relativism) and in their creative possibilities (artistic creations), and that greater or fewer barriers exist depending on the micro-situation.
Evaluation of peanut cultivars for resistance to field infection by Sclerotium rolfsii

During 1983–1985, field plot studies were conducted to evaluate the relative severity of Sclerotium rolfsii among 16 peanut (Arachis hypogaea) cultivars. The valencia market types were significantly more susceptible than spanish, runner, or virginia types. Toalson, Tifrun, Pronto, and Sunbelt Runner had the fewest disease loci, and Early Bunch, Tifrun, Sunbelt Runner, Florigiant, NC 7, and GK 3 had the highest yields. The identification of cultivars with both low disease incidence and high yield performance should be a beneficial approach for control of stem rot
Macronutrients Uptake in Soybean as Affected by Bradyrhizobium japonicum Inoculation and Phosphorus (P) Supplements

Field and glasshouse experiments were conducted to study the effect of B. japonicum inoculation and phosphorus supplementation on macronutrient uptake by soybean. The treatments consisted of B. japonicum inoculation (with & without), phosphorus supplementation at the levels of 0, 20, 40 and 80 kg P·ha-1. Both treatments were replicated four times in a split plot design. The macronutrients considered were N, P, K, Ca and Mg. Results showed that inoculation with B. japonicum significantly contribute to the uptake of N, P, K, Ca and Mg in roots, shoots, pods and the whole soybean plant. Likewise, phosphorus supplementation significantly enhanced the uptake of N, P, K, Ca and Mg in roots, shoots, pods and the whole plant. The use of effective strains of rhizobia and P supplementation was an effective way of enhancing the growth of soybean, eventually the uptake of macronutrients in plant organs.