Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Zebraﬁsh R-cadherin (Cdh4) Controls Visual System Development and Differentiation

In zebraﬁsh, R-cadherin (cadherin-4 or Cdh4) is expressed in the retina and in retinorecipient brain regions, suggesting that Cdh4 functions during visual system development. Cdh4 function was examined during retinogenesis and retinal axon outgrowth using antisense morpholino oligonucleotides and mutant Cdh4 construct expression. In knockdowns, Cdh4 was reduced or absent, eyes were small, and retinae lacked discrete laminae. Increased cell death produced the small eye phenotype. Zn5-, Pax6-, and zpr-1–positive cells were reduced or absent in knockdown retinas but, when present, were in the correct laminae. Cdh4 knockdowns had sparse or absent retinal ganglion cell axons. When present, axons projected contralaterally but lacked ﬁne branching and failed to reach the tectum or arborize the entire tectum. Mutant Cdh4 construct expression during retinal ganglion cell differentiation reduced or ablated neurite formation. Cdh4 is necessary for neural retina survival and differentiation, and required for normal retinotectal projection formation and tectal arborization. Developmental Dynamics 233:930–945, 2005.
Austin Endocrinology and Diabetes Case Reports Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: Current Perspectives

GDM is a multifactorial disorder which is increasing globally because of the lifestyle and genetic predisposition as GDM and T2DM clusters in the family. Though mothers return to normal glycemic states after delivery it is associated with increased short and long term maternal and fetal complications. There is no cure yet been found; however it can be managed by lifestyle modifications and thereby maintaining desired glycemic levels. As screening based on risk factors leave many of the women undiagnosed, universal screening has to be recommended and medical nutrition therapy should be necessarily individualized to reduce and prevent further complications both in mother and fetus. In this review we highlight the key factors responsible for the development of GDM which are usually overlooked such as depression, smoking, stress, calorie intake, age at menarche, vitamin and trace mineral deficiencies, lack of physical activity besides the genetic factors. Recent research into genetics causing GDM has led to identifying genes specific to GDM. This review is an overview of pathophysiology, role of ethnicity, risk factors, genetics, screening, diagnosis and treatment that leads to GDM based on the recent literature. Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) is defined as any degree of glucose intolerance causing hyperglycemia with onset or first recognition during pregnancy at any trimester. It is a multifactorial and polygenic disorder characterized by insulin resistance and pancreatic beta cell dysfunction. This metabolic condition remains for a time period i.e., till the delivery of the baby, having both short and long term complications. Most of the cases can be treated by diet, exercise and upon persistent high glycemic index insulin therapy will be given. Most women with GDM will return to normal glucose tolerance after delivery, a significant number may continue to be hyperglycemic after delivery. There are many genes identified by genome wide association studies that are associated significantly with GDM that play a role in the pathogenesis of GDM. The absence of universally validated guidelines for screening and diagnosis, following selective screening strategy, lack of awareness of the consequences of GDM, all together
Effects of 5 (cid:1) -Alkyl-Benzothiadiazides on ( R , S )- (cid:1) -Amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic Acid (AMPA) Receptor Biophysics and Synaptic Responses

Alkyl-substituted benzothiadiazides (BTDs) were tested for their effects on ( R , S )- (cid:1) -amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepro-pionic acid (AMPA)-type glutamate receptors. In excised patches, the 5 (cid:1) -ethyl derivative “D1” blocked the desensitization of AMPA receptor currents during prolonged application of glutamate (EC 50 , 36 (cid:2) M), and it slowed deactivation of re- sponses elicited by 1-ms glutamate pulses greater than 10-fold. [ 3 H]Fluorowillardiine binding to rat synaptic membranes was increased by D1 by a factor of 3.6 (EC 50 , 17 (cid:2) M) with a Hill coefficient near 2. In hippocampal slices, the compound revers-ibly increased excitatory postsynaptic currents and field exci- tatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) with thresholds around 10 (cid:2) M. The size of the alkyl substituent influenced both the potency and nature of the drug effect on synaptic currents: 5 (cid:1) -methyl compounds had a 2-fold greater effect on response amplitude than on response duration, whereas 5 (cid:1) -ethyl compounds like D1 caused greater increases in duration than am- plitude. In tests with recombinantly expressed AMPA receptor subunits, D1 preferred the glutamate receptor (GluR) subunit GluR4 flip (0.64 (cid:2) M) over GluR4 flop (5.3 (cid:2) M); similar affinities but with smaller flip-flop differences were obtained for GluR1 through 3. These results show that D1 and congeners are significantly more potent than the parent compound IDRA-21 and that they differ in two fundamental aspects from cyclothiazide, the most widely studied BTD: 1) D1 markedly increases the agonist affinity of AMPA receptors and 2) it has immediate and large effects on field EPSPs. The large gain in potency conferred by alkyl substitution suggests that the 5 (cid:1) substituent is in intimate contact with the receptor, with the size of the substituent determining the way in which receptor kinetics is changed.
Residual Tumor Characteristics Following Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy in Breast Cancer

Neoadjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer leaves behind a residual tumor that is substantially different in its characteristics from the original tumor. The histological changes and receptor changes have been systematically evaluated in large studies. However, the nucleolar morphology of the residual cancer has not been well characterized. This study evaluated the nucleolar morphology in the residual cancer using haematoxylin eosin for evaluation of nucleolar number and size in relation to mitotic index, mAgNOR assessment, and an immunohistochemistry panel consisting of Ki-67, p53, CCND1, E-Cad, ER, PR, Her2Neu, CD3, CD8 and CD68. Another sample of patients were studied by exome analysis of a 344 candidate cancer gene panel. The results were collated to infer the nature of the residual tumor. There was an increase in nucleolar number and size following neoadjuvant chemotherapy. The mitotic rate, and positive staining for Ki-67 and CCND1 were reduced in the residual tumor. 344 candidate cancer gene panel exome analyses showed residual tumor with fewer mutations and the more common known driver mutation in breast cancer such as CREBP, ERBB2, PARP, TOP2A, P53 etc. COL1A1 was the only gene mutation demonstrated in the residual tumor that was not found in the untreated primary surgical group. Mutation analyses in the post treatment cases using the targeted exome sequencing of 344 genes in 11 cases showed no mutations in 7 cases in the residual tumor. Of the 4 cases with mutations identified in the residual tumor, the number of mutations were fewer than 4 in 3 cases. The predominant mutation involved p53 in 2 cases and other genes include ERRB2, CREBBP, HDAC1, TRAPP, PARP1 and GNAS. Our study differed from the others in that it did not show as many mutations. The mutational profiles were also different. This could be attributed to our small sample size. In a study done by Balko JM et al. on molecular profiling of triple negative breast cancers after NAC, the identified alterations were categorized into several key pathway or functional groups: cell cycle alterations (amplifications in CDK4 , CDK6 , CCND1-3 , CCNE1 or AURKA and loss of CDKN2A , CDKN2B or RB1 ); PI3K/mTOR alterations (amplifications of AKT1-3 , PIK3CA , RAPTOR , RICTOR , loss or mutation of PTEN , truncations or nonsense mutations in TSC1 , amplifications or mutations in PIK3CA or PIK3R1 ); growth factor receptor (GFR) amplifications ( EGFR , MET , KIT , FGFR1-2 and 4 or IGF1R ); Ras/MAPK alterations (amplifications/gains of KRAS , BRAF , RAF1 , or truncations of NF1 ); or DNA repair alterations (truncations, loss or mutations of BRCA1 , BRCA2 , or mutations in ATM ). They highlighted similarity of their series to basal-like primary breast cancers in the TCGA with respect to potentially targetable alterations. These included PTEN alterations (PI3K and AKT inhibitors), amplifications of JAK2 (ruxolinib or tofacitinib), CDK6 , CCND1 ,
Evaluation of Contributing Factors for Pedestrian Crash by Modeling Exposure and Road Environment Variables: The Case of Burayu Town, Oromia Regional State

Pedestrian-vehicle crashes presents an important public health problem worldwide, above 32% of traffic fatality victims in the worlds are pedestrians die each year on the world’s roads. Developing countries account for more than 40% of world’s pedestrian deaths disproportionate to their vehicle population. Ethiopia is among the countries with high pedestrian crash records. Despite the worse happening of the problem, no study so far conducted with regard to pedestrian crash fatalities and injuries particularly in the selected study area. The aim of this study was to evaluate the Contributing Factors for pedestrian crash by modeling exposure and road environment variables in Burayu Town, Oromia Regional state. The method used in this research is mixed log it analysis using SPSS software. The sampling technique applied to this study is convenience sampling approach, which was chosen in order to save costs and time. The study included all pedestrian crash conducted using police record secondary data collected from police stations records in Burayu Town. Five-year pedestrian crash was also collected to conduct the analysis and modeling in SPSS software by mixed logit modeling. A total of 344 Pedestrian crashes were recorded from January 01, 2015 to December 31, 2019. Of these crashes, 72(21%) were fatal injury, 254(74%) severe injury and 18(5%) were slightly injury. Hence, the results of the study showed the existence of large difference in pedestrian-vehicle crash victims among drivers and pedestrian in their sex and age levels. The modeling results show that higher pedestrian crash severities were associated with increasing pedestrian age, male pedestrians, minibus, casual drivers, less educated and less experienced drivers, nighttime and weekend crashes, and residential land uses. A comprehensive evaluation was done on crashes involving pedestrians in the Burayu Town. Younger male drivers were the groups with high proportion of involvement in pedestrian crash. Pedestrians and the working age groups of the population were highly affected. Public awareness creation campaigns in line with enforcement of pedestrian safety rules were recommended.
CCS investigation of the CD in synthetic air at atmospheric pressure

The barrier discharge in the coplanar arrangement operating in a single-filament mode was studied spectroscopically. The evolution of the discharge luminosity was measured by the technique of cross-correlation spectroscopy. The 1D-spatially and temporally resolved luminosities of the first negative (at 391.5 nm) and the second positive (at 337.1 nm) system of molecular nitrogen were recorded using the above-mentioned technique. A cathode-directed ionizing wave (IW) was clearly seen on the plot for radiation intensity at 337.1 nm. In addition to this, also observed was a wave of the enhanced electric field propagating over the anode. In this paper, the propagation of these waves is described and their velocities are determined. The discharge evolution is divided into three phases—the Townsend phase, the phase of the IWs propagation and the extinction phase. Since the above-mentioned luminosity distributions could be interpreted approximately as the electric field (for 391.5 nm) and the electron density (for 337.1 nm) distribution, the qualitative description of the discharge is made accordingly. All these parameters are compared with similar measurements of the volume discharge. Apart from this, an attempt to determine the reduced electric field is made according to the kinetic model. (Some figures in this article are in colour only in the electronic version)
Title Structural investigations of the ferredoxin and terminal oxygenase components of the biphenyl 2 , 3-dioxygenase from Sphingobium yanoikuyae B 1

Background: The initial step involved in oxidative hydroxylation of monoaromatic and polyaromatic compounds by the microorganism Sphingobium yanoikuyae strain B1 (B1), previously known as Sphingomonas yanoikuyae strain B1 and Beijerinckia sp. strain B1, is performed by a set of multiple terminal Rieske non-heme iron oxygenases. These enzymes share a single electron donor system consisting of a reductase and a ferredoxin (BPDO-FB1). One of the terminal Rieske oxygenases, biphenyl 2,3-dioxygenase (BPDO-OB1), is responsible for B1's ability to dihydroxylate large aromatic compounds, such as chrysene and benzo[a]pyrene. Results: In this study, crystal structures of BPDO-OB1 in both native and biphenyl bound forms are described. Sequence and structural comparisons to other Rieske oxygenases show this enzyme to be most similar, with 43.5 % sequence identity, to naphthalene dioxygenase from Pseudomonas sp. strain NCIB 9816-4. While structurally similar to naphthalene 1,2-dioxygenase, the active site entrance is significantly larger than the entrance for naphthalene 1,2-dioxygenase. Differences in active site residues also allow the binding of large aromatic substrates. There are no major structural changes observed upon binding of the substrate. BPDO-FB1 has large sequence identity to other bacterial Rieske ferredoxins whose structures are known and demonstrates a high structural homology; however, differences in side chain composition and conformation around the Rieske cluster binding site are noted. Conclusion: This is the first structure of a Rieske oxygenase that oxidizes substrates with five aromatic rings to be reported. This ability to catalyze the oxidation of larger substrates is a result of both a larger entrance to the active site as well as the ability of the active site to accommodate larger substrates. While the biphenyl ferredoxin is structurally similar to other Rieske ferredoxins, there are distinct changes in the amino acids near the iron-sulfur cluster. Because this ferredoxin is used by multiple oxygenases present in the B1 organism, this ferredoxin-oxygenase system provides the structural platform to dissect the balance between promiscuity and selectivity in protein-protein electron transport systems. Published: 9 March 2007 BMC Structural Biology 2007, 7:10 doi:10.1186/1472-6807-7-10 Received: 11 October 2006 Accepted: 9 March 2007 This article is available from: http://www.biomedcentral. com/1472-6807/7/10 © 2007 Ferraro et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
F ACTORS A FFECTING THE A UDITOR I NDEPENDENCE : A PPROACH OF THE S UBJECT AND F RAMEWORK IN F INANCIAL S TATEMENT A UDITING IN V IETNAM

This study employed a subject-based framework to explore the factors that affect auditor independence in financial statement auditing in Vietnam. The data collected using one-on-one interview and group discussion techniques were qualitatively analyzed through open coding, axial coding, and selective coding. Thereafter, 100 experienced practicing auditors were interviewed to confirm the results of the research. The research ﬁndings showed that the main factors affecting auditor independence are personal characteristics of the auditor, the audit firm's environment, and legal enviroment in audit. At the same time, the research uncovered several new factors affecting auditors’ independence in Vietnam, namely, ethical awareness of auditors, learning and training, industry-specific skills, corporate governance, economic development of the country and international integration. These findings can serve to guide the management of the process of auditing financial statements while adhering to the ethical framework of auditing in Vietnam.
Psychological Survival in Banjica Concentration Camp due to Inmate Creativity. A Recommendation to Future Victims

Artistic activity, as a psychological defensive mechanism, was not sufficiently analyzed in Banjica (Banyitsa) concentration camp. The aim of this study was to examine retrospectively the psychological state of the prisoners, and the influence of creativity to their survival in the camp. Banjica was the largest concentration camp in Serbia, through which passed about 25,000 prisoners, while 1,000 of them died, over 4,000 were executed, and several thousands were deported to other European labor and death camps. In order to survive psychologically, many prisoners used certain cognitive, emotional and social mechanisms, but also creativity. There were 351 drawings and watercolors, and 257 design products available for examination, created by 30 professional artists and 139 incarcerated amateurs, who were 24 to 47 years of age (31.3 on average). In addition to these 169 visual artists, many other prisoners were engaged in poetry, literature, music, and the theatre. The main subjects of artistic activity were the prisoners themselves and the situation in Banjica camp, which were most often depicted in realistic and expressionistic manner. Creativity was very important psychologically to both artists and their fellow-inmates. Of the mentioned 169 artists and amateurs, even 121 managed to survive (71%). Some of them were promoted to University professors or Academy members later on. In conclusion, artistic activity most likely influenced a better survival of the imprisoned artists and other creative inmates. Creativity could be a recommendation to future victims of long-lasting extreme social conditions.
The clustering pa(cid:614)ern of Chinese house price dynamics

: This paper investigates the clustering pa(cid:614)ern of house price dynamics in 34 major cities in China over the period 2005–2016. Hierarchical agglomerative clustering is implemented based on a distribution-based dissimilarity measure, the Kullback-Leibler divergence, which measures the similarity between house price appreciation trajectories. The clustering procedure reveals a broad two-cluster structure: one relatively homogeneous slow-growing market cluster and one red-hot market cluster which, however, has a higher degree of within-cluster heterogeneity. The two-cluster partition also indicates a geographical pa(cid:614)ern that separates out Eastern China. However, this clustering pa(cid:614)ern is mainly shaped by the market structure in the recent period after 2014. Prior to 2014, and especially before 2010, the interurban housing market in China could be considered a homogenous market in terms of house price changes.
Interactive comment on “A global viral oceanography database (gVOD)”

The authors of the manuscript construct the first global viral oceanography database containing viral abundance (VA) and viral production (VP) data with host and environmental parameters which are collected from published papers. Based on the database, the authors estimate the total viral number and biomass in the global ocean, and compare the technological bias of different methods of data generation. This database can be valuable for field and modeling studies in marine ecology, biogeochemistry and other areas of oceanography. This manuscript needs to be improved before accep-
Efﬁcient Incorporation of Tegument Proteins pUL46, pUL49, and pUS3 into Pseudorabies Virus Particles Depends on the Presence of pUL21 (cid:1)

The mature virion of the alphaherpesvirus pseudorabies virus (PrV) contains a minimum of 31 structural proteins which are recruited into the virus particle by a network of protein-protein interactions which is only incompletely understood. We show here that deletion of the tegument protein pUL21 resulted in a drastic decrease in the incorporation of the pUL46, pUL49, and pUS3 tegument components into mature virions. Moreover, the attenuated PrV strain Bartha (PrV-Ba), which, among other defects, carries mutations in pUL21, also fails to package pUL46, pUL49, and pUS3 efﬁciently. By the reconstitution of wild-type pUL21 expression to PrV-Ba and the transfer of mutated PrV-Ba pUL21 into wild-type PrV, we demonstrate that this phenotype is due to the mutated pUL21.
On the lack of beneficial role of Rh towards C-C bond cleavage during low temperature ethanol electrooxidation on Pt-Rh nanoalloys

Numerous reports in scientific literature claim the increased activity of Rh-containing systems towards C-C bond scission in electrocatalytic oxidation of ethanol at ambient temperatures. Due to the claimed C-C bond breaking ability, Rh-containing systems are intensively investigated and widely recognized as the most promising candidates as anode materials for ethanol-feed low temperature fuel cells. This study aims at verifying the claim of beneficial role of Rh towards C-C bond scission during low temperature ethanol electrooxidation on Pt-Rh nanoparticles. We determined that the surface-normalized amounts of CO 2 produced during ethanol oxidation are comparable on Pt, Rh and Pt-Rh nanoalloys, and smaller than CO 2 amounts obtained on exactly the same electrode from oxidation of monolayer of adsorbed CO. The whole amount of CO 2 detected during ethanol oxidation, regardless of Rh presence, or lack of thereof, seems to come exclusively from oxidation of submonolayer of CO ads produced during dissociative adsorption of ethanol at low electrode potential, and its subsequent oxidation at sufficiently high electrode potential. Our work suggest that Rh-containing alloys are not more active towards C-C bond scission than pure Pt, and on both metals the mechanism of oxidation of ethanol to CO 2 proceeds via the submonolayer of CO ads , which limits the quantity of CO 2 produced from ethanol at room temperature to negligible amount. The higher activity of Rh-containing materials towards C-C bond scission claimed in literature was determined to be due to overinterpretation of selectivity data.
Improved Prosthetic Myoelectric Affordable Hand Design Sensitivity of an Open-Source

 Abstract: Design and manufacture of tact hand an anthropomorphic, open-source(O-S), Myoelectric Prosthetic Hand (MPH) using persons with transradial amputations in emerging states are presented in this paper . The process of designing dependent on combining workability cost, performance, durability and effectiveness and then manufacturing by using the technology of 3D-printed(3D-P). The results showed that reduces in fatigue and pain caused by mass distributing to smoother tissues due to use materials are lighter and hollow instead of rigid injection molded plastic materials. Also improving in efficiency of performance represented by rotate and other movements in comparison with commercial sample . We label our diagram process, estimate the Sensitivity hand with together qualitative and measurable events of enactment, and show samples of the use of this hand to grip domestic objects.