Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Sarcopenia on Postoperative Outcomes Following Emergency Laparotomy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Emergency laparotomy procedures have high rates of postoperative mortality and morbidity in older patient. Sarcopenia is associated with poor postoperative outcomes in elective surgeries and there is growing evidence for its use as a risk predictor in the emergency setting. The study aimed to evaluate the effect of sarcopenia on postoperative mortality and morbidity following emergency laparotomy. Five electronic databases were systematically searched (MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and Web of Science) from conception until the 14th February 2022. All prospective cohort studies were included. Risk of bias was assessed with the Newcastle-Ottawa score. Pooled meta-analyses were estimated using the Mantel-Haenszel and inverse-generic variance method for mortality and morbidity outcomes. Eleven retrospective cohort studies were included, of which ten were included in the meta-analysis comprising of 3492 patients (1027 sarcopenic, 2465 non-sarcopenic). The study level incidence of sarcopenia ranged from 24.6 to 50.3% with a median rate of 25.1%. Sarcopenia was associated with increased 30-day mortality (OR 2.36, 95% CI, 1.66, 3.37, I2 = 43%), 90-day mortality (OR 2.51, 95% CI, 1.79, 3.52, I2 = 0%), and length of hospital stay (in days) (MD 1.18, 95% CI, 0.42, 1.94, I2 = 0%, P=0.002), but not incidence of postoperative major complications (OR 1.49, 95% CI, 0.86, 2.56, I2 = 70%, P = 0.15). Sarcopenia predicts poor outcomes following emergency laparotomy. We suggest assessment of sarcopenia should be incorporated into acute surgical assessment to identify high risk patients and inform clinical decision-making prior to an emergency laparotomy.
On the 0/1 test for chaos in continuous systems

In this paper we discuss in detail the resonance and oversampling features of the 0/1 test for chaos in continuous systems and propose methods to avoid those undesired features. Our method is based on certain frequency properties of the 0/1 test. When reconstructing the phase space, our approach is compared with the first minimum of the mutual information method. Several numerical results for typical chaotic systems (including memristive circuits) are included. Abstract. In this paper we discuss in detail the resonance and oversampling features of the 0/1 test for chaos in continuous systems and propose methods to avoid those undesired features. Our method is based on certain frequency properties of the 0/1 test. When reconstructing the phase space, our approach is compared with the ﬁrst minim um of the mutual information method. Several numerical results for typical chaotic systems (including memristive circuits) are included. Abstract. In this paper we discuss in detail the resonance and oversampling features of the 0/1 test for chaos in continuous systems and propose methods to avoid those undesired features. Our method is based on certain frequency properties of the 0/1 test. When reconstructing the phase space, our approach is compared with the ﬁrst minim um of the mutual information method. Several numerical results for typical chaotic systems (including memristive circuits) are included. Abstract. In this paper we discuss in detail the resonance and oversampling features of the 0/1 test for chaos in continuous systems and propose methods to avoid those undesired features. Our method is based on certain frequency properties of the 0/1 test. When reconstructing the phase space, our approach is compared with the ﬁrst minim um of the mutual information method. Several numerical results for typical chaotic systems (including memristive circuits) are included.
State Treasury and Budget System Online Monitoring (OM-SPAN) on Organizational Performance

Backgrounds: Prior to the adoption of the OM-SPAN program and its implementation, treasury officials must go to State Treasury Service Office (KPPN) to review the liquidation process through a Payment Order (SPM) and Fund Deposit Order (SP2D). Aim: This study aims to analyze and obtain empirical evidence on the effect of information quality, system quality, service quality, and trust on user satisfaction of the OM-SPAN application at the Treasury Officer of the Directorate General of Housing of the Ministry of PUPR. Furthermore, the effect of user satisfaction on organizational performance will also be analyzed. Methods: The sample consisted of 95 Treasury officials of the Directorate General of Housing of the Ministry of PUPR spread across work units and centers in 38 provinces in Indonesia. Findings: The findings and results of this study empirically show that user satisfaction with the OM-SPAN application is influenced by several factors, namely the information quality and system quality of the OM-SPAN application. The results of this study also concluded that user satisfaction with the OM-SPAN application has a positive effect on organizational performance. The findings and results of this study also make it clear that no empirical evidence explains the effect of service quality and trust as determinants of OM-SPAN application user satisfaction.
Spin transport in tantalum studied using magnetic single and double layers

We report on spin transport in sputter-grown Ta films measured by ferromagnetic resonance. Spin diffusion length and spin mixing conductance are determined from magnetic damping measurements for a varying thickness of Ta layer $0\ensuremath{\le}{d}_{\mathrm{Ta}}\ensuremath{\le}10$ nm. The different boundary conditions of single- and double-magnetic-layer heterostructures $\mathrm{Py}|\mathrm{Ta}$ and $\mathrm{Py}|\mathrm{Ta}|\left[\mathrm{Py}|\mathrm{Fe}\right]$ allow us to significantly narrow down the parameter space and test various models. We show that a common approach of using bulk resistivity value in the analysis yields inconsistent spin diffusion length and spin mixing conductance values for magnetic single- and double-layer structures. X-ray diffraction shows that bulk Ta is a combination of $\ensuremath{\beta}\text{\ensuremath{-}}\mathrm{Ta}$ and $\text{bcc-}\mathrm{Ta}$. However, in the region of significant spin transport, $\ensuremath{\lesssim}2$ nm, there is an intermediate region of growth where the Ta lacks long-range structural order, as observed by transmission electron microscopy. Thickness-dependent resistivity measurements confirm that the bulk and intermediate regions have significantly different resistivity values. We find that the data can be well represented if the intermediate region resistivity value is used in the analysis. Additionally, the data can be fit if resistivity has the measured thickness dependence and spin diffusion length is restricted to be inversely proportional to resistivity. Finally, we rule out a model in which spin diffusion length is a constant, while the resistivity has the measured thickness dependence.
Asymptotics for minimizers of a class of Ginzburg-Landau equations with weight

On etudie le comportement asymptotique des solutions minimisantes de l'equation de Ginzburg-Landau: -div (p⊇u e )=(p/e 2 ) u e (1-|u e | 2 ) dans G et u e =gsur ∂G ou g est une donnee au bord et p est une fonction reelle positive reguliere. On etudie egalement l'energie renormalisee correspondante
PFKFB3 Inhibitor 3PO Reduces Cardiac Remodeling after Myocardial Infarction by Regulating the TGF-β1/SMAD2/3 Pathway

Adverse cardiac remodeling, including cardiac fibrosis, after myocardial infarction (MI) is a major cause of long-term heart failure. 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-biphosphatase 3 (PFKFB3), an enzyme that regulates glucose metabolism, also plays an important role in various fibrotic and cardiovascular diseases. However, its effects on MI remain unknown. Here, PFKFB3 inhibitor 3-(3-pyridinyl)-1-(4-pyridinyl)-2-propen-1-one (3PO) and a permanent left anterior descending ligation mouse model were used to explore the functional role of PFKFB3 in MI. We showed that PFKFB3 expression increased significantly in the area of cardiac infarction during the early phase after MI, peaking on day 3. 3PO treatment markedly improved cardiac function, accompanied by decreased infarction size and collagen density in the infarct area. Meanwhile, 3PO attenuated cardiac fibrosis after MI by reducing the expression of collagen and fibronectin in murine hearts. Notably, 3PO reduced PFKFB3 expression and inhibited the transforming growth factor-beta 1/mothers against the decapentaplegic homolog 2/3 (TGF-β1/SMAD2/3) signaling pathway to inhibit cardiac fibrosis after MI. Moreover, PFKFB3 expression in neonatal rat cardiac fibroblasts (NRCFs) increased significantly after MI and under hypoxia, whereas 3PO alleviated the migratory capacity and activation of NRCFs induced by TGF-β1. In conclusion, 3PO effectively reduced fibrosis and improved adverse cardiac remodeling after MI, suggesting PFKFB3 inhibition as a novel therapeutic strategy to reduce the incidence of chronic heart failure following MI.
Patterns of the urban Jordanian Arabic broken plural

PATTERNS OF THE URBAN JORDANIAN ARABIC BROKEN PLURAL by Netta Ben-Meir The Arabic plural system is of great linguistic interest due to its diversity, complexity, and resistance to classification. Arabic is a non-concatenative language that applies a masculine and feminine suffix plural, a dual, and a “broken plural” to mark number. The broken plural involves vowel changes internal to the noun stem and is defined by 30 to 34 distinct patterns. Previous research has established the broken plural as a primarily iambic productive pattern that adheres to a CVCVVtemplate, but more recent evidence suggests that all of the templates in the system are productive to some extent. Much of the previous research also focuses on Modern Standard Arabic while ignoring colloquial dialects of Arabic. The focus of this study is the Urban Jordanian dialect of Arabic based on data collected from a native speaker. The study begins by introducing the Arabic plural system and the Urban Jordanian dialect of Arabic. Previous work on the Arabic broken plural is examined, in particular the application of the framework of prosodic morphology. The study outlines the shortcomings of prosodic morphology in capturing the true nature of the plural system. The data gathered for Urban Jordanian Arabic are then presented systematically, with detailed analyses of certain patterns. Based on the resistance of the data to defaulting to any singular pattern, a framework is presented that defines the pluralization process as a product of phonetic and semantic “gang effects” (Dawdy-Hesterberg & Pierrehumbert, 2014), enforced by frequency distributions and entrenchment.
Rapid Pitch Angle Evolution of Suprathermal Electrons Behind Dipolarization Fronts

The pitch angle distribution (PAD) of suprathermal electrons can have both spatial and temporal evolution in the magnetotail and theoretically can be an indication of electron energization/cooling processes there. So far, the spatial evolution of PAD has been well studied, leaving the temporal evolution as an open question. To reveal the temporal evolution of electron PAD, spacecraft should monitor the same flux tube for a relatively long period, which is not easy in the dynamic magnetotail. In this study, we present such an observation by Cluster spacecraft in the magnetotail behind a dipolarization front (DF). We find that the PAD of suprathermal electrons can evolve from pancake type to butterfly type during <4 s and then to cigar type during <8 s. During this process, the flow velocity is nearly zero and the plasma entropy is constant, meaning that the evolution is temporal. We interpret such temporal evolution using the betatron cooling process, which is driven by quasi‐adiabatic expansion of flux tubes, and the magnetic mirror effect, which possibly exists behind the DF as well.
Designing algebraic tasks for 7-year-old students - a pilot project inspired by Davydov's learning activity concept

The issue of this article is to identify and discuss what conditions may be necessary to build into tasks to make it likely for students to be involved in an algebraic Learning Activity inspired by Davydov. Data from a pilot study was used in which a group of students (N=28) in grade 1 (7-year-olds) were invited to participate in discussions and laborations of how to decide whether two or more variables are equal or not, and making unequal “variables” equal by the help of measurement, abstract symbols and relational material. Three tasks were designed and from the analysis we will highlight five requirements for tasks that have the potential to enable students to engage in an algebraic learning activity.
A second-order asymptotic-preserving and positivity-preserving discontinuous Galerkin scheme for the Kerr–Debye model

In this paper, we develop a second-order asymptotic-preserving and positivity-preserving discontinuous Galerkin (DG) scheme for the Kerr–Debye model. By using the approach first introduced by Zhang and Shu in [Q. Zhang and C. -W. Shu, Error estimates to smooth solutions of Runge–Kutta discontinuous Galerkin methods for scalar conservation laws, SIAM J. Numer. Anal. 42 (2004) 641–666. ] with an energy estimate and Taylor expansion, the asymptotic-preserving property of the semi-discrete DG methods is proved rigorously. In addition, we propose a class of unconditional positivity-preserving implicit–explicit (IMEX) Runge–Kutta methods for the system of ordinary differential equations arising from the semi-discretization of the Kerr–Debye model. The new IMEX Runge–Kutta methods are based on the modification of the strong-stability-preserving (SSP) implicit Runge–Kutta method and have second-order accuracy. The numerical results validate our analysis.
The Use of Analogy for the Determination of Pre-Service Science Teachers' Cognitive Structures about the Concept of Atom.

Students try to understand many abstract concepts by using mental models they have created by thinking and imagining. Students must have a functional and dynamic atomic model in their minds in order to understand the atomic and atomic concepts. In this study; it was aimed to determine the models of science student candidates using the analogy of atomic concepts by using analogies. The study carried out in the spring semester of 2016 - 2017 academic year; 47 science teachers were involved with the undergraduate students studying in the second grade. In the study, it was desired to establish an analogy of the atomic concept and to explain this analogy in order to determine the atomic models in the minds of the prospective teachers. Subsequently, in the course of modern physics, the students were told about the atom and atom modeling, and they were asked to establish an analogy with the atomic concept. First of all, their characteristics were examined by analyzing the types of analogies, origin, relationship and similarity that teacher candidates established. Then the answers given by the teacher candidates were separated by categorized by qualitative analysis method and the frequency values were obtained. It has been determined that prospective teachers use daily information in their analogies and use concrete concepts to establish analogies. It is also seen that teacher candidates often try to establish similarities in their analogies in their constructs. Teacher candidates have established similarities in the analogies of atoms such as shape, orientation, disintegration. The analogies used by the prospective teachers initially represented Dalton, Thomson and Bohr atom models; and modern atomic theory, Bohr and Rutherford atomic models. It has been determined that the students do not represent any atomic model of the analogy established by the 7th modern physics lesson before 19th. Article visualizations:
On the rotation of a circular porous particle in 2D simple shear flow with fluid inertia

We investigate numerically the rotational behaviour of a circular porous particle suspended in a two-dimensional (2D) simple shear flow with fluid inertia at particle shear Reynolds number up to 108. We use the volume-averaged macroscopic momentum equation to formulate the flow field inside and outside the moving porous particle, which is solved by a modified single relaxation time lattice Boltzmann method. The effects of fluid inertia, confinement of the bounding walls, and permeability of the particle are studied. Our two-dimensional simulation results confirm that the permeability has little effect on the rotation of a porous particle in unbounded shear flow without fluid inertia (Masoud, Stone & Shelley, J. Fluid Mech., vol. 733, 2013, R6), but also suggest that the role of permeability cannot be neglected when the confinement effect is significant, or the fluid inertia is not negligible. The fluid inertia and the confined walls have similar effects on the rotation of a porous particle as that on a solid impermeable particle. The angular velocity decays with an increase in fluid inertia, and the confinement effect suppresses the angular velocity to a shear rate ratio below 0.5. A simple scaling argument based on the balance of torque exerted by fluid flows adjacent to the two bounding walls and that due to the flow recirculation can explain our results.
On the Persistence of the Eigenvalues of a Perturbed Fredholm Operator of Index Zero under Nonsmooth Perturbations

Let H be a real Hilbert space and denote by S its unit sphere. Consider the nonlinear eigenvalue problem Lx + εN ( x ) = λx , where ε, λ ∈ R , L : H → H is a bounded self-adjoint (linear) operator with nontrivial kernel and closed image, and N : H → H is a (possibly) nonlinear perturbation term. A unit eigenvector ¯ x ∈ S ∩ Ker L of L (corresponding to the eigenvalue λ = 0) is said to be persistent if it is close to solutions x ∈ S of the above equation for small values of the parameters ε (cid:54) = 0 and λ . We give an aﬃrmative answer to a conjecture formulated by R. Chiappinelli and the last two authors in an article pub-lished in 2008. Namely, we prove that if N is Lipschitz continuous and the eigenvalue λ = 0 has odd multiplicity, then the sphere S ∩ Ker L contains at least one persistent eigenvector. We provide examples in which our results apply, as well as examples showing that if the dimension of Ker L is even, then the persistence phenomenon may not occur.
Response mechanisms of 3 typical plants nitrogen and phosphorus nutrient cycling to nitrogen deposition in temperate meadow grasslands

The increase of nitrogen (N) deposition and the diversity of its components lead to significant changes in the structure and function of temperate meadow steppe, which could affect plant nutrient uptake, nutrient resorption and litter decomposition, thus affecting the biogeochemical cycle process. The distribution and metabolism of nitrogen and phosphorus in plants determine the growth process and productivity of plants. Plant nutrient uptake, nutrient resorption and litter decomposition play an important role in the nutrient cycling process of ecosystem. This study closely combined these three processes to carry out experiments with different nitrogen dosages and types, and systematically explored the response of nitrogen and phosphorus nutrient cycling to nitrogen deposition. The results showed that nitrogen deposition can greatly affect ecosystem nutrient cycle of nitrogen and phosphorus. Firstly, Nitrogen deposition has significant effect on plant nutrient uptake. Nitrogen uptake of stems and leaves increased with the increase of nitrogen addition dosage, while phosphorus uptake of stems and leaves showed a downward trend or no significant effect. Besides, nitrogen addition type had a significant effect on nitrogen and phosphorus content of stems. Secondly, Nitrogen addition dosage had a significant effect on plant nutrient resorption, while nitrogen addition type had no significant effect on it. Thirdly, nitrogen deposition has significant effect on litter decomposition. With the increase of nitrogen addition dosage, the initial nitrogen content of litters increased and the decomposition rate of litters accelerated. Nitrogen application type had significant effect on stem litter decomposition. These results indicated that nitrogen deposition significantly affects plant nutrient cycling, and thus affects the structure and function of grassland ecosystem.
Revolutionizing gut health: exploring the role of gut microbiota and the potential of microbiome-based therapies in lower gastrointestinal diseases

The gut microbiota comprises a collection of microorganisms residing in the human digestive system, including bacteria, viruses, and fungi. These microbes have critical roles in food breakdown, immune system regulation, and the production of essential nutrients. Several lower gastrointestinal (GI) diseases, including inflammatory bowel disease, irritable bowel syndrome, and colorectal cancer, have been associated with dysbiosis, which refers to an imbalance in the gut microbiota. Additionally, the gut microbiome and its microbial compounds affect disease development and the host’s immune response. Alterations in the gut-brain axis microbiome are also implicated in lower GI diseases. Therefore, microbiome-based therapies that regulate the gut microbiota (e.g., fecal microbiota transplantation and probiotics) are essential for the prevention and treatment of these diseases. This review aims to highlight the significance of gut microbiota and microbiome-based therapies in managing lower GI diseases.
Digital Entrepreneurship and Micro and Small Enterprises in Times of Covid-19 in Mexico

El COVID-19 ha afectado el desarrollo de las actividades económicas y ha aumentado el desempleo. La alternativa más viable es promover el emprendimiento. El emprendimiento digital tomó mayor importancia ante el confinamiento impuesto para frenar la propagación del COVID-19. El objetivo de esta investigación es analizar algunas áreas de trabajo para el desarrollo del emprendimiento digital con el objetivo de promover el autoempleo de los jóvenes. Se utilizó una metodología cualitativa con alcance transversal y descriptivo utilizando fuentes secundarias. Los resultados muestran que las herramientas tecnológicas como el Marketing de Contenidos y Redes Sociales, Inteligencia Artificial, Impresión 3D, Realidad Virtual, Big Data, Dispositivos a través de la Voz, Robotización, automatización y transformación digital de empresas, Comercio Electrónico y Ocio Digital son la nueva fuente para el desarrollo empresarial. Si bien México está preparado para la implementación de negocios vía Internet, cabe señalar que aún existen barreras como la burocracia, capacitación, mayor inversión, desconocimiento y resistencia al cambio. Entonces, es urgente desarrollar estrategias colaborativas público-privadas-académicas para fortalecer las instituciones, la infraestructura y las capacidades humanas enfocadas en las nuevas tecnologías para garantizar el empleo digno para la generación Z, también conocida como la generación Centennials, los nacidos entre 1995 y 2010.