Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Negative sampling in semi-supervised learning

We introduce Negative Sampling in Semi-Supervised Learning (NS3L), a simple, fast, easy to tune algorithm for semi-supervised learning (SSL). NS3L is motivated by the success of negative sampling/contrastive estimation. We demonstrate that adding the NS3L loss to state-of-the-art SSL algorithms, such as the Virtual Adversarial Training (VAT), significantly improves upon vanilla VAT and its variant, VAT with Entropy Minimization. By adding the NS3L loss to MixMatch, the current state-of-the-art approach on semi-supervised tasks, we observe significant improvements over vanilla MixMatch. We conduct extensive experiments on the CIFAR10, CIFAR100, SVHN and STL10 benchmark datasets.
Seven Myths about Education

Introduction Myth 1: Facts Prevent Understanding Myth 2: Teacher-led Instruction is Passive Myth 3: The 21st Century Fundamentally Changes Everything Myth 4: You Can Always Just Look it Up Myth 5: We Should Teach Transferable Skills Myth 6: Projects and Activities are the Best Way to Learn Myth 7: Teaching Knowledge is Indoctrination Conclusion
Empirical Analysis of Drivers' Yellow Stopping Behaviors Associated with Dilemma Zones

Dynamic dilemma zones are basically a result of varying driving behaviors in response to yellow lights at signalized intersections. This paper comprehensively reviews the recent research practices on the characteristics of dilemma zones, and presents a study on factors impacting the driver’s stopping behavior involved in the dilemma zone problems. Some contributing factors, such as progression quality, lane used by vehicle, and type of vehicle, are explored in this study based on video observations and analysis of observed yellow-onset vehicular trajectory data. Results from the binary logistic regression analysis indicate that the type of vehicle, lane used, and speed/distance at the yellow onset significantly impact the probability of stopping in response to the yellow interval, whereas progression quality is not statistically significant. Lane used by vehicle has a significant impact on driver’s stop decision making. Traveling in the left-side through lane makes drivers 1.8 times more likely to run yellow than traveling in the right-side through lane. Drivers of trucks are found to be more likely to make pass decisions than drivers of passenger vehicles. Car, SUV, and Van, and Light Truck have similar downstream boundaries of Type II dilemma zone while Heavy Truck has the furthest upstream boundary of Type II dilemma zone. Additionally, although progression quality is not statistically significant, drivers in a better progression are found to be more likely to make a pass decision than drivers in an unfavorable progression. Specifically, the upstream boundary of Type II dilemma zone tends to be further from stop line as the progression quality increases. Finally, an example showing the comparison between Type I and Type II dilemma zones is studied.
BioRID P3: design and performance compared to Hybrid III and volunteers in rear impacts at deltaV=7 km/h

Several investigators have noted limitations of the most commonly used dummy in rear impact testing, the Hybrid III dummy. A dummy for rear impact testing, the BioRID I, has previously been presented. It was a step towards an effective tool for seat performance testing, but it was concluded that its neck extension and T1 upward motion were too small and that is user-friendliness could be improved. A new BioRID prototype has been developed. It has new neck muscle substitutes with damping and elastic elements that are independent of each other and fitted inside the torso. The new neck muscle substitutes extend to T3 and thus also load the upper thoracic spine. The new dummy has a softer thoracic spine and a torso made of softer rubber than was used for the original dummy. The BioRID prototype's performance was compared to that of volunteers, the BioRID I and Hybrid III in rear impacts at delta V=7 km/h. The kinematics response of the new BioRID prototype appears to be more human-like than that of the BioRID I and Hybrid III. The dummy also provides repeatable test results and is more user-friendly than the BioRID I.
Microscopic Polyangitis in Pediatric Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: A Unique Presentation of Pulmonary - Renal Syndrome and Case Report of an Overlap Syndrome

Background: Secondary vasculitis is encountered in about one third of all cases of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Skin is most commonly involved in lupus-related small vasculitis. Although antineutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibodies (ANCA) associated vasculitis (AAV) is relatively uncommon, it can be the most dangerous manifestation associated with high mortality. SLE and AAV are separate diseases with different pathophysiologies and an overlap syndrome has only been reported few times in previous literature. Case Presentation: We present a unique case of a pediatric patient of pulmonary-renal syndrome, presenting with pulmonary alveolar hemorrhage and rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis. Serological and biopsy findings were suggestive of SLE and AAV occurring simultaneously. Renal biopsy demonstrated necrotizing and crescentic glomerulonephritis, superimposed on diffuse segmental proliferative lupus glomerulonephritis class IV. Conclusions: Presentations of autoimmune diseases and vasculitis can be multi-systemic. Considering overlap syndromes, especially in patients with underlying connective tissue disease or systemic vasculitis, is vital for prompt therapy and prevention of morbidity in this population.
The survival of star clusters with black hole subsystems

Recent observations have detected top-heavy IMFs in dense star forming regions like the Arches cluster. Whether such IMFs also exist in old dense stellar systems like globular clusters is difficult to constrain, because massive stars already became black holes (BHs) and neutron stars (NSs). However, studies of stellar dynamics find that BHs/NSs influence the long-term evolution of star clusters. Following Breen & Heggie (2013) and by carrying out two-component N-body simulations, we demonstrate how this dynamical impact connects with the shape of IMFs. By investigating the energy balance between the BH subsystem and the global, we find that to properly describe the evolution of clusters, a corrected two-body relaxation time, Trh, p = Trh/ψ, is necessary. Because ψ depends on the total mass fraction of BHs, M2/M, and the mass ratio, m2/m1, the cluster dissolution time is sensitive to the property of BHs or IMFs. Especially, the escape rate of BHs via ejections from few-body encounters are linked to mass segregation. In strong tidal fields, top-heavy IMFs easily lead to the fast dissolution of star clusters and the formation of BH-dominant dark clusters, which suggests that the observed massive GCs with dense cores are unlikely to have extreme top-heavy IMFs. With the future observations of gravitational waves providing unique information of BHs/NSs, it is possible to combine the multi-message observations to have better constrains on the IMFs of old star clusters.
Impulse Control with Discontinuous Setup Costs: Discounted Cost Criterion

This paper studies a continuous-review backlogged inventory model considered by Helmes et al. (2015) but with discontinuous quantity-dependent setup cost for each order. In particular, the setup cost is characterized by a two-step function and a higher cost would be charged once the order quantity exceeds a threshold $Q$. Unlike the optimality of $(s,S)$-type policy obtained by Helmes et al. (2015) for continuous setup cost with the discounted cost criterion, we find that, in our model, although some $(s,S)$-type policy is indeed optimal in some cases, the $(s,S)$-type policy can not always be optimal. In particular, we show that there exist cases in which an $(s,S)$ policy is optimal for some initial levels but it is strictly worse than a generalized $(s,\{S(x):x\leq s\})$ policy for the other initial levels. Under $(s,\{S(x):x\leq s\})$ policy, it orders nothing for $x>s$ and orders up to level $S(x)$ for $x\leq s$, where $S(x)$ is a non-constant function of $x$. We further prove the optimality of such $(s,\{S(x):x\leq s\})$ policy in a large subset of admissible policies for those initial levels. Moreover, the optimality is obtained through establishing a more general lower bound theorem which will also be applicable in solving some other optimization problems by the common lower bound approach.
Harnessing Complexity: Organizational Implications of a Scientific Frontier

A state-of-the-art guide to the new field of complexity-the tool leaders use to understand how people and organizations adapt in a world of rapid change. Harnessing Complexity will be indispensable to anyone who wants to better comprehend how people and organizations can adapt effectively in the information age. This book is a step-by-step guide to understanding the processes of variation, interaction, and selection that are at work in all organizations. The authors show how to use their own paradigm of "bottom up" management, the Complex Adaptive System-whether in science, public policy, or private commerce. This simple model of how people work together will change forever how we think about getting things done in a group. "Harnessing Complexity distills the managerial essence of current research on complexity.A very valuable contribution to the emerging theory of competition and competitive advantage. "-C.K. Prahalad, University of Michigan, coauthor of Competing for the Future"A brilliant exposition that demystifies both the theory and use of Complex Adaptive Systems. "-John Seely Brown, Xerox Corporation and Palo Alto Research Center
A METHOD FOR CONTROLLING COMPACTION OF GRANULAR MATERIALS

A METHOD IS PRESENTED FOR ESTABLISHING THE PROPER MAXIMUM DENSITY VALUES TO BE USED FOR CONTROLLING THE COMPACTION OF GRANULAR MATERIALS WHICH ELIMINATES THE INCONSISTENCIES FREQUENTLY ENCOUNTERED WITH METHODS NOW IN USE. THE PROPOSED METHOD ACCOUNTS FOR VARIATIONS OF THE MAXIMUM OBTAINABLE DENSITY OF A GIVEN MATERIAL, FOR A GIVEN COMPACTIVE EFFORT, DUR TO FLUCTUATIONS IN GRADATION. IT IS PROPOSED THAT BY SPLITTING THE MATERIAL ON THE NO. 4 U.S. STANDARD SIEVE AND DETERMINING THE SPECIFIC GRAVITY, THE COMPACTED DENSITY AND THE LOOSE DENSITY OF EACH OF THE TWO FRACTIONS, A CURVE OF MAXIMUM DENSITY VERSUS PERCENT PASSING NO. 4 SIEVE CURVE CAN BE PLOTTED, WHICH CURVE VALUES WILL CORRELATE CLOSELY WITH THE DENSITIES OBTAINABLE IN THE FIELD, USING MODERN COMPACTION EQUIPMENT. AS THE DENSITY CURVE CAN BE ESTABLISHED IN THE LABORATORY PRIOR TO CONSTRUCTION, THE ACTUAL FIELD CONTROL PHASE IS REDUCED TO PERFORMING FIELD DENSITY TESTS ONLY, FREEING THE FIELD INSPECTOR FROM PERFORMING TIME-CONSUMING STANDARD DATA ACCUMULATED WHILE APPLYING THE METHOD TO MORE THAN 30 METHOD TO MORE THAN 30 HIGHWAY PROJECTS HAVE BEEN SUMMARIZED AND TYPICAL RESULTS ARE PRESENTED. THE METHOD IS APPLICABLE EITHER TO SPECIFICATIONS REQUIRING COMPACTING TO A GIVEN PERCENT OF MAXIMUM DENSITY OR TO SPECIFICATIONS REQUIRING COMPACTION TO A GIVEN COMPACTION RATIO. USE OF THIS METHOD ELIMINATES THE DANGER OF APPLYING THE WRONG STANDARD TO CMPACTION CONTROL OF GRAVELLY SOILS. /AUTHOR/
Handbook of University-wide Entrepreneurship Education

Contents: 1. Legitimacy Across the University: Yet Another Entrepreneurial Challenge G. Page West III, Elizabeth J. Gatewood, Kelly G. Shaver PART I: PHILOSOPHY AND THEORY 2. From Commerce to Culture: Entrepreneurship in the Mainstream William Scott Green 3. Advancing the Authentic: Intellectual Entrepreneurship and the Role of the Business School in Fine Arts Entrepreneurship Curriculum Design Gary D. Beckman, Richard A. Cherwitz 4. The Microfoundations of Entrepreneurial Learning and - Education: The Experiential Essence of Entrepreneurial Cognition Norris F. Krueger 5. Entrepreneurship as a Liberal Art Jerry Gustafson PART II: PLANNING AND IMPLEMENTATION 6. Academic Entrepreneurship: Possibilities and Pitfalls Anthony Mendes, Cynthia Kehoe 7. Entrepreneurship Education - Meeting the Skills Needs of Graduates in Ireland Briga Hynes, Michele O'Dwyer, Naomi Birdthistle 8. Building an Entrepreneurial University: A Case Study Using a New Venture Development Approach K. Mark Weaver, Robert D'Intino, DeMond Miller, Edward J. Schoen 9. Teaching Entrepreneurship Through Science-Oriented Teams and Projects: Three Case Studies Jed C. Macosko, A. Daniel Johnson, Sarah M. Yocum PART III: INTERSECTIONS AND PRACTICE 10. Balsamic Vinaigrette: Entrepreneurship in the Arts and Sciences Kelly G. Shaver 11. Interdisciplinarity in Cross-Campus Entrepreneurship Education Frank Janssen, Valerie Eeckhout, Benoit Gailly, Sophie Bacq 12. Lights, Camera, Action: Advancing Liberal Arts Values - Entrepreneurially Lynnette Claire 13. Entrepreneurship Simulation Game Seminars: Perceived Learning Effects on Natural Science, Liberal Arts and Business School Students Christian Lendner, Jutta Huebscher 14. Intersecting Entrepreneurship and Law: An Experiential Learning Exchange Matthew M. Mars, Sherry Hoskinson 15. Assessing the Impact of Entrepreneurship Education: A Methodology and Three Experiments from French Engineering Schools Alain Fayolle, Benoit Gailly 16. Leadership Studies, Civic Engagement, and Entrepreneurship: Exploring Synergies on the Practical Side of Liberal Education Samuel M. Hines, Jr. Index
The Stability Derivatives of the Navion Aircraft Estimated by Various Methods and Derived from Flight Test Data

Abstract : For application to a new technique of predicting aerodynamic loads, a study was made to determine the accuracy of dynamic stability derivatives as predicted for the North American Navion by several different sources. Using the results of flight tests as the norm, estimates from wind tunnel tests and several texts were compared and found to be accurate to within the order of 20% with a few exceptions. It is believed that the results of the study would be typical of single engine light aircraft with straight wing and tail, propeller propulsion, and low power effects.
Design principles of surfacings on orthotropic steel bridge decks

This dissertation describes the research into surfacings of orthotropic steel bridge decks. The motive for this research is the frequently reported problems of this type of structures including cracking and rutting of surfacing materials and fatigue related cracks in the steel plate. An intensive experimental program was carried out on three wearing course materials, namely mastic asphalt, guss asphalt and an open synthetic material. The program also included on a bituminous based membrane material. The results of the experimental program were analysed to characterise the complex mechanical behaviour of the different materials. Within the framework of this research, models that describe the response of the surfacing materials were developed, including a newly developed unified model that describes the time-temperature characteristics of many road materials. Furthermore, constitutive relations for elastic as well as inelastic response of the materials were developed. All the developed models were implemented in the Finite Element System CAPA-3D. For verification of the different models results of laboratory tests and full-scale experiments in the LINTRACK APT facility were used. Furthermore, a scientific approach in which the non-linear response of the materials, the geometry and the load are well presented, was used to give an insight into the interaction between the different components of the structure and the vehicle at different temperatures. Because this scientific approach is too sophisticated and expensive for routine analyses and design of the structure, a practical design concept is proposed. In this concept, the geometry and the load are well presented, but the material behaviour is simplified
On-line monitoring of water distribution networks

This thesis is concerned with the development of a computer-based, real-time monitoring scheme which is a prerequisite of any form of on-line control. A new concept, in the field of water distribution systems, of water system state estimation is introduced. Its function is to process redundant, noise-corrupted telemeasurements in order to supply a real-time data base with reliable estimates of the current state and structure of the network. The information provided by the estimator can then be used in a number of on-line programs. In view of the strong nonlinearity of the network equations, two methods of state estimation, which have enhanced numerical stability, are examined in this thesis. The first method uses an augmented matrix formulation of a classical least-squares problem, and the second is based on a least absolute value solution of an over determined set of equations. Two water systems, one of which is a realistic 34-node network, are used to evaluate the performance of the proposed methods . The problem of bad data processing and its extension to the validation of network topology and leakage detection is also examined. It is shown that the method based on least absolute values estimation provides a more immediate indication of erroneous measurements. In addition, this method demonstrates the useful feature of eliminating the effects of gross errors on the final state estimate. The important question of water system observability is then studied. Two original combinatorial methods are proposed to check topological observability. The first one is an indirect technique which searches for a maximum measurement-to-branch matching and then attempts to build a spanning tree of the network graph using only the branches with measurement assignment. The second method is a direct search for an observable spanning tree. A number of systems are used to test both techniques, including a 34-node water supply network and an IEEE 118-bus power system. The problem of minimisation of distributed leakages is solved efficiently using a state estimation technique. Comparison of the head profile achieved for the calculated optimal valve controls with the standard operating conditions for a 25-node network indicates a major reduction of the volume of leakages. In the final part of this thesis a software package, which simulates the real-time operation of a water distribution system, is described. The programs are designed in such a way that by replacing simulated measurements with live telemetry data they can be directly used for. water network monitoring and control.
Using Agent-Based Modeling for Water Resources Planning and Management

AbstractAgent-based systems have been developed for many scientific applications and simulation studies to model a group of actors and their interactions based on behavioral rules. Agent-based models and multiagent systems simulate the emergence of system-level properties based on the actions of adaptive agents that interact with other agents, react to environmental signals, and optimize decisions to achieve individual goals. In water resources planning and management, agent-based modeling has been applied to explore, simulate, and predict the performance of infrastructure design and policy decisions as they are influenced by human decision making, behaviors, and adaptations. The goal of this paper is to provide a comprehensive introduction to agent-based modeling for water resources researchers, students, and practitioners, and to explore water resources systems as complex adaptive systems that can be studied using agent-based modeling. Agent-based modeling is defined, and the characteristics of complex .
Elastic electromagnetic form factors of vector mesons

A symmetry-preserving approach to the two valence-body continuum bound-state problem is used to calculate the elastic electromagnetic form factors of the $\ensuremath{\rho}$-meson and subsequently to study the evolution of vector-meson form factors with current-quark mass. To facilitate a range of additional comparisons, ${K}^{*}$ form factors are also computed. The analysis reveals that vector mesons are larger than pseudoscalar mesons; composite vector mesons are nonspherical, with magnetic and quadrupole moments that deviate $\ensuremath{\sim}30%$ from point-particle values; in many ways, vector-meson properties are as much influenced by emergent mass as those of pseudoscalars; and vector-meson electric form factors possess a zero at spacelike momentum transfer. Qualitative similarities between the electric form factors of the $\ensuremath{\rho}$ and the proton, ${G}_{E}^{p}$, are used to argue that the character of emergent mass in the Standard Model can force a zero in ${G}_{E}^{p}$. Moreover, the existence of a zero in vector-meson electric form factors entails that a single-pole vector-meson dominance model can only be of limited use in estimating properties of off-shell vector mesons, providing poor guidance for systems in which the Higgs mechanism of mass generation is dominant.
Patchworks:

In this note, we want to introduce a concept that as we shall see exhibits an interesting relationship with hierarchies: We define a collection C P(X ) of subsets of a set X to be a patchwork if <{C$ C and C # C$ C{< implies C # C$ C # C and C # C$ C # C. In this note, we will investigate patchworks C that contain a maximal hierarchy. We will show that this holds if and only if (i) the empty subset <, all one-element subsets [x] (x # X ) of X, and the set X itself belong to C, and (ii) the patchwork is ample, that is, A, B # C and *[C # C | A C B]=2 implies B&A # C. 2001 Academic Press
Manufacturing Planning and Control Systems

The book is well-known for having the most current coverage available. A "non-numerical" approach is used with thoroughly integrated real applications. The Third Edition will provide complete integration of JIT concepts and techniques, continued use of real-world examples, and improved organization and style. There is more coverage of global factors, human issues, and strategic issues. The book also provides an introduction to production planning and control, as well as coverage of more advanced topics.
Recommendations for Design, Construction, and Maintenance of Bridge Approach Slabs: Synthesis Report

Bridge approaches provide smooth and safe transition of vehicles from highway pavements to bridge structures. However, settlement of the bridge approach slab relative to bridge decks usually creates a bump in the roadway. The bump causes inconvenience to passengers and increases the cost of maintenance and repairing of the distressed approach slabs. Typically, the Texas Department of Transportation (TxDOT) spends millions of dollars annually to mitigate the bump problem across the state. The present research aims to better understand the mechanisms that cause the bump problem, to review currently used methods to mitigate this problem around the world, and to develop the methods that are appropriate for researching them in real field conditions. As a part of this research, a synthesis was prepared by conducting a comprehensive literature review of the past research on the subject and also by conducting a survey with all 25 districts to understand the local conditions that contribute to the bump problem in the bridges. The literature review also identified several technologies that were used to mitigate the problem. All these details along with district wide surveys are covered in this synthesis report.
Transmission line matrix (TLM) techniques for diffusion applications

PART I - Theory: 1. The Theory and Implementation of Lossless TLM Algorithms 2. The Development of Lossy TLM Algorithms 3. The Theory of Lossy TLM PART II - Applications: 4. Heat Transfer Applications of Lossy TLM Algorithms 5. The Application of TLM Algorithms to Particle Diffusion 6. Diffusion/Drift Models 7. TLM Algorithms for Laplace and Poisson Equations 8. TLM and Inverse Problems 9. Other Applications