Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Bank Lending To Small And Medium Scale Enterprises And Its Implication On Economic Growth In Nigeria

There has not been unanimity on the effect of small and medium scale enterprises lending on economic growth in Nigeria. It is based on this, the study employed time series data from 1992 to 2013 to examine the impact of small and medium scale enterprises (SMEs) lending on economic growth in Nigeria using Augmented Dickey-Fuller (ADF) unit root test, Johansen cointegration test and vector error correction model techniques. The unit test results indicated that all the variables were non stationary at level but became stationary after first difference. The Johansen cointegration test showed evidence of long run relationship between small and medium scale enterprises lending and economic growth. The vector error correction model results revealed that lending to small and medium scale enterprises leads to economic growth in Nigeria. Also, the study found that bank lending rate does not impact on SMEs lending in Nigeria. The implication of these results is that lending to small and medium scale enterprises is crucial to the growth of Nigerian economy. The policy recommendation is that SMEs should be redefined in order to have greater access to fund, lowering of bank lending rate from the prevailing rate; stringent collateral security requirement should be relaxed to increase SMEs access to formal financial institutions, and encouragement of financial institutions to lend to SMEs by providing guarantees, interest rate subsidies. These will enhance credit availability to SMEs which will boost their productivity.
Growing Old amongst Strangers and Staying Healthy, As Experienced by Elderly Sri Lankan Immigrants Living in Norway

The purpose of this qualitative study has been to investigate the meaning and practices of staying healthy as experienced by elderly Sri Lankan immigrants living in Norway. The aim and goal being to obtain new knowledge that could help nurses and the Norwegian health sector provide culturally congruent care to elderly Sri Lankan immigrants The theoretical reference frame: The study is guided by Leininger‟s (1995, 2001) Culture Care Theory. Leininger (2001) predicts that specific culture, health and care knowledge gained from using the culture care theory would give a wealth of information that would help achieve the goal of the theory. That is to make nursing care decisions and actions that are culturally congruent with the beliefs, practices, and values of the life ways of the clients. The theory and study has a trans-cultural focus. With a trans-cultural focus according to Leininger (1995, 2001), nurses think about culture care differences (diversity) and similarities (universality) across cultures in order to assist people to attain and maintain meaningful and therapeutic health care practices that are culturally based. Culture, health and illness as viewed by Helman (2000) too has been looked into as it seemed relevant in further understanding the concept of culture in association to health. Design and Method: This is a qualitative study conducted in 2005/2006.Convenience purposive snowball sampling as described by Polit & Beck (2004) was used to recruit seven informants. Data collection is based on a qualitative semi structured interview guide. To make sense of the data collected a template analysis style (Polit and Beck 2004) was applied. Findings and Conclusion: While a very few similarities exist, there are more significant differences exhibited by Sri Lankan elderly immigrants compared to the Norwegian elderly in their meanings and practices of staying healthy. Nurses and health care professionals who do not recognise these significant similarities or differences might not possibly be able to offer culture congruent care that maintains or improves the Health and well being of these elderly clients.
Cellium® GC: evaluation of a new natural active ingredient in 210 mg/ml topical solution, through scalp biopsy

Financial support: Donation of medication by Legacy Healthcare (Epalinges, Switzerland). ABS TRACT Introduction: Androgenic alopecia is a progressive alteration of the scalp with few treatment options, which motivates the search for new local or systemic medications to control this pathology. Objective: To evaluate patient tolerance for and identify the action mechanism of the Cellium GC compound in the treatment of androgenic alopecia. Methods: Male patients (n = 20) with androgenic alopecia participated in this open prospective study. The compound was used on the scalp twice a day, at home, for 12 consecutive weeks. Biopsies were carried out before and after treatment to evaluate the alterations in the cutaneous immune response, cellular proliferation and anti-apoptosis activity. Questionnaires were administered to evaluate efficacy and patient satisfaction. Results: Nineteen patients completed the study, with an average satisfaction of 8.3 out of 10. Immunohistochemical analyses of scalp biopsies showed a significant increase in the cutaneous immune response after treatment: 73.9% increase in CD1A+ Langerhans cells (p = 0.003, t paired test), 41.7% increase in the cellular proliferation marker Ki-67+ (p = 0.012), and an 89% increase in BCL-2+ anti apoptotic proteins (p = 001). The product was also found to be tolerable and safe. Conclusions: Cellium GC improved the skin’s immune defense and the proliferation of keratinocytes, and produced high levels of patient satisfaction in the treatment of androgenic alopecia.
Exploring the Effect of Quality Relationship between Opportunism and Loyalty

The main purpose of this study is to examine the casual model and explain the relationship of opportunism, conflict, trust, commitment, satisfaction, and loyalty between hospitals and their suppliers. A survey is conducted of local community hospitals, regional hospitals and medical centers in Taiwan. Primary data is gathered using a questionnaire; this study investigates hospitals’ procurement staffs that are responsible for selecting medical device suppliers. The sample consists of 481 valid responses for applying structural equation modeling (SEM) in this research. The study confirms almost all hypothesized associations between the constructs examined, indicating that the supplier’s opportunistic behavior reduces trust and generates conflict. According to the significant mediation effect, showed that commitment plays a mediated role between trust and satisfaction, and satisfaction is a mediated factor to loyalty. Thereby displaying trust in addition to being an important factor in the success of supply chain management, but also an important factor in the success of alliances.
Exploring the educational landscape of juggling – challenging notions of ability in physical education

ABSTRACT Background: Research on physical education (PE) shows a prevalence of narrow and reductionist views on what counts as ability. These views tend to privilege certain students and marginalize others, and often equate ability with technique-based sport performance. A lot of research is still directed towards the above problem. However, very few have devoted time and energy to actually resolving this problem. If no alternatives to narrow and reductionist views of ability are presented, then research will struggle to make a difference to the practice of PE. Assuming that movement is a key element in PE, the question of what counts as ability in PE is, we argue, a question of what capabilities a learner needs to develop in order to move in different ways. Investigating what movement capability can mean will provide possibilities for discussing and negotiating the meaning of ability in PE when the learning goal is something other than technique-based sport performance. Purpose: The aim of this paper is to further advance the knowledge base of what movement capability can mean within the context of PE. By achieving this aim, we intend to challenge narrow views on ability and thereby provide enhanced possibilities for PE to make a difference for students’ abilities through education. Theory and method: The process of coming to know something can be seen as exploring, with all senses, a landscape. Exploration involves recognizing details and nuances of the landscape and their relationships to one another. In this investigation, we examine what there is to know in the landscape of juggling using Ryle’s and Polanyi’s notions of knowing and learning. In line with a focus on the learners’ perspectives, interviews and observations were conducted with students whilst they were coming to know juggling. Ethnographic-type conversations were used to help students describe what they seemed to know or were aiming to know. Students were invited to write diaries with a focus on their experiences during the learning process, which we hoped could extend our insights regarding the experiential aspects in learning. Findings: Findings of the investigation suggest that in the group of students, four significant ways of knowing the landscape of juggling are important: grasping a pattern; grasping a rhythm; preparing for the next throw and catch and navigating one’s position and throwing. The research challenges the narrow view on ability as technique-based sport performance by providing examples of what movement capability can mean in terms of knowing a movement landscape alternatively to knowing a specific movement ‘in the right way. ’
The Relationship between Adolescents’ Perceived Attachment to Parents and Peers, and their Substance Use Behaviour

This study aims to examine the relationship between adolescents’ perceived attachment to parents and peers, and their substance use behaviour among high school students in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. To achieve the purpose of the study, a descriptive correlational research design was used. Participants (n = 321) were selected using stratified random sampling technique from two secondary schools. Data were gathered using inventory of Parent and Peer Attachment (IPPA) and Alcohol, Smoking and substance Involvement Screening Test (ASSIST) in May and & June, 2016. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics (p < 0.05; CI: 95%). Results revealed that adolescents have good attachment with their mother and peers, whereas their attachment to their father was relatively low. Besides, the findings indicated that statistically significant difference was observed among adolescents of different age groups on their attachment with their mother, father and peers. In Addition, this study revealed that a great proportion of adolescents abused the commonly used drugs in Ethiopia (i.e. tobacco, alcohol, khat and cannabis). Moreover, a correlation analysis showed that there was a statistically significant negative correlation between adolescentmother attachment and tobacco smoking. On the other hand, direct relationship between adolescent-father attachment and alcoholism were also uncovered. Finally, Stakeholders should raise community awareness on the importance of adolescent-parent relationship on adolescents’ problematic behaviour.
Running Title : Basic psychological needs and students ’ motivation

Aim: The aim of this study was to test the mediating role of the satisfaction of dental students’ basic psychological needs of autonomy, competence, and relatedness on the association between learning climate, feedback, and student motivation. The latter was based on the Self-Determination Theory’s concepts of differentiation of autonomous motivation, controlled motivation, and amotivation. Methods: A cross-sectional correlational study was conducted where 924 students completed selfreported questionnaires measuring motivation, perception of the learning climate, feedback, and basic psychological needs satisfaction. Descriptive statistics, Cronbach’s alpha scores, and bivariate correlations were computed. Mediation of basic needs on each predictor-outcome association was tested based on a series of regression analyses. Finally, all variables were integrated into one structural equation model, controlling for the effects of age, gender, and year of study. Results: Cronbach’s alpha scores were acceptable (.655 to .905). Correlation analyses showed positive and significant associations between both an autonomy-supportive learning climate and the quantity and quality of feedback received, and students’ autonomous motivation, which decreased and became negative when correlated with controlled motivation and amotivation, respectively. Regression analyses revealed that these associations were indirect and mediated by how these predictors satisfied students’ basic psychological needs. These results were corroborated by the structural equation analysis, in which data fit the model well and regression paths were in the expected direction. Conclusion: An autonomy-supportive learning climate and the quantity and quality of feedback were positive predictors of students’ autonomous motivation and negative predictors of amotivation. However, this was an indirect association mediated by the satisfaction of students’ basic psychological needs. Consequently, supporting students’ needs of autonomy, competence and relatedness might lead to optimal types of motivation, which has an important influence on dental education.
Social guidance and counselling support services on the study habits of distance learners: A case of learners in Bachelor of Education programmes by distance learning of University of Nairobi, Kenya

Distance learners in some studies have reported feelings of isolation and lack of direction in developing effective study habits. The purpose of this study is to establish the extent to which social guidance and counselling influence study habits of learners in Bachelor of Educational programmes by distance learning of the University of Nairobi. Data were collected using structured questionnaire. Simple random and stratified random sampling methods adopted to select the 327 participants from a target population of 2199. Cronbach’s alpha of α =0.76 zero was attained as the reliability coefficient of the pre-test instruments. Simple and multiple linear regression and Pearson Correlation Coefficient models determine the predictor variable. Results show that social guidance and counselling mean score of 3.29 and standard deviation of 1.297 were similar to composite mean score of 3.29 and standard deviation of 1.297. Therefore, the results of the study demonstrate that social guidance and counselling is critical in enhancing study habits of distance learners. The study recommends that education policy makers and universities should integrate social guidance and counselling in the curriculum to address myriad challenges facing distance learners in connection to their study habits. Key words: Social guidance, counselling, study habits, support services, distance learners.
“The Silent Catastrophe”: Exclusionary Students’ Food Provision Fit for the Quality Assurance Era? University of ESwatini

This study examines thefood provision arrangement at University of ESwatini in enhancing teaching. The Opportunity gap explanatory framework was used to unpack the institutional contexts. The descriptive survey design was employed. The targeted population were students who have been studying at the university for more than a year.Participants were sampled through purposive stratified sampling and random sampling.Data was collected through semi structured questionnaires. Content analysis was used to analyse the data. The study indicated that food provision led to unexpected social dynamics which work against effective teaching for all students. Dynamics include students’ vulnerability to unprofessional practices: prostitution, exclusion to equal opportunities to teaching. The findings indicated that new food provision arrangement was undermined by the country’s sustained economic decline, which cause the delay in students’ allowances’ distributions. It concluded that food provision programme threatenedsocial, educational standards, students’ opportunities to learning and infringement of some students’ rights to food, particularly the poor, who attended classes without proper food.It concluded that institutional policies and other policies were overlooked by both government and University when abolishing the inclusive food provision programme.
Literacy Achievement in the Primary Grades in High-Poverty Schools

Researchers have achieved consensus on several major questions pertaining to reading: How do typically progressing children learn to read? Why do some children have difficulty? What features of instruction are most likely to help the most children become good readers? This consensus, reflected in papers, books, and policy documents (e.g., Armbruster, Lehr, & Osborn, 2001; McCardle & Chhabra, 2004; National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, 2000; Neuman & Dickinson, 2001; Rayner, Foorman, Perfetti, Pesetsky, & Seidenberg, 2001; Snow, Burns, & Griffin, 1998; Stone, Silliman, Ehren, & Apel, 2004), is derived from decades of scientific work funded by the U.S. Department of Education, the National Institutes of Health, and many other institutions and agencies. Some schools serving high-poverty children can, and do, “beat the odds” (Denton, Foorman, & Mathes, 2003; Slavin, Madden, Dolan, & Wasik, 1996; Taylor, Pearson, Clark, & Walpole, 2000). Nevertheless, we have not yet succeeded in implementing research-based instruction on a widespread, consistent basis. This chapter summarizes a body of work generated from a 5-year longitudinal program of reading research conducted in high-poverty, urban schools in Grades K–4, positioning major findings in relation to the context of current reading research. It highlights the importance of teachers and teaching in student progress and reports some detailed findings about teacher knowledge pertaining to reading and language. Professional development and school leadership are also noted to be critical influences on teachers’ ability to raise the academic language proficiency and academic performance of students at risk.
News Uncertainty in Brexit U.K

After the Brexit referendum the behavior of the U.K. economy defied expectations, as it did notexhibit a V-shaped recession, but a slow decline in production. We address this puzzle through the lens of a setup with heterogeneous firms facing non-convex capital adjustment costs. We model the referendum as a news shock, with the time horizon and the content of the news being uncertain. Brexit uncertainty is informed by expectation data from the Decision Maker Panel, a novel survey of U.K. businesses, where each CFO provides probability distributions over the expected Brexit date and the long-run expected outcome of Brexit on firm-level sales, for different Brexit scenarios. We show that the long expected duration of the negotiations is key for the model to reproduce the post-referendum behavior of the U.K. economy. Intuitively, if the chances that uncertainty resolves in the short run are small, only relatively few firms find it worth to pay the inefficiency cost associated with an investment freeze. Concurrently, if the expected horizon of the news is longer, anticipation effects are smaller. The long-run effects of Brexit implied by U.K. business expectations are large, entailing losses of 4.8% and 7.7% of GDP for Soft and Hard Brexit, respectively. The transitional dynamics under policy uncertainty show that the referendum has produced significant economic damage, with a three-year cumulative loss of about 2% of GDP.
Running head: REGIONAL DIFFERENCES IN FAKING Do you fake more because of your neighbors? A multi-level study on regional and individual predictors of faking intentions across the U.S

Research on faking behavior and underlying intentions has mostly employed an intraindividual perspective, stressing the role of individual-level predictors. Inspired by theoretical arguments (e.g., from socioecological psychology) and cross-cultural studies, we hypothesize and demonstrate that in addition to individual-level predictors, there are also regional differences in faking intentions (within a country) and systematic links to regional-level features. Specifically, we tested and compared individualand region-level predictors of applicant faking intentions (N = 4860 MTurk workers) across the largest 50 Metropolitan Statistical Areas of the U.S. using multi-level techniques. We found individual-level effects of conscientiousness, competitive worldviews and religiosity on individual-level faking intentions. On the regional level, macropsychological conscientiousness was negatively associated with the average faking intentions in a region, while macro-psychological competitive worldviews (i.e., the prevailing competitive worldviews in a region) showed a positive relationship. Additionally, macro-psychological competitive worldviews predicted individual-level faking intentions even when controlling for individual-level competitive worldviews. No effects were found for regional parameters such as the economic situation of a region. We discuss implications for research and personnel selection.
EXTREMAL NORM FOR POTENTIALS OF STURM-LIOUVILLE EIGENVALUE PROBLEMS WITH SEPARATED BOUNDARY CONDITIONS

For the n-th eigenvalue of a Sturm-Liouville eigenvalue problem with separated boundary conditions, we express the infimum of the L1[0, 1] norm of potentials, in terms of a parameter λ and the boundary conditions. Also we indicate where the infimum can be attained. As an application, we obtain the extremum of the n-th eigenvalue of a problem for potentials on a sphere in L1[0, 1].
Real Term Structure and New Keynesian Models

Recently some authors have argued that a New Keynesian model with simple modifications can match the nominal term structure of interest rates. In this paper, I investigate how well these models do in matching the term structure of real rates using TIPS data. I find that a standard New Keynesian mode that is successful in matching nominal term structure properties cannot match real yield curve features. Then I investigate >the model's relative success in fitting the nominal term structure and show that the model generates implausibly volatile inflation expectations and an implausibly high inflation risk premium to fit the nominal yield curve to compensate for the lack of fit to real yields. I study various potential extensions of the benchmark model and find that incorporating labor market frictions, long-run productivity risks, and preference shocks is not helpful in matching real term structure features.
IMPLICATION OF MICROWAVES ON THE EXTRACTION PROCESS OF RICE BRAN PROTEIN

During the processing of rice grain, a wide range of by-products are generated, including Rice Bran (RB), which presents rich composition, offering great potential for application in the food and pharmaceutical industries. Thus, the objective of this work was to evaluate the best operating variables in the extraction of rice bran protein through alkaline extraction and Microwave-Assisted Extraction (MAE). It was found that MAE, in similar conditions, resulted in a higher yield of protein extraction and protein content in the extracted material in a relatively shorter process time, when compared to the values obtained in the alkaline extraction (MAE: yield: 22.04% higher, protein content: 6.19% higher, 30 times faster). In addition, the characterization of the extracts obtained showed that the use of microwaves did not affect the extracted rice bran proteins. Thus, it was possible to verify that MAE is potent and a strongly advisable technique for obtaining rice bran protein.