Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Two Translations of Edward Said‘s Orientalism by Kamal Abu-Deeb and Muhammad Enani: A Comparative Study

Ghayeth Ersheidat (Corresponding Author) Yarmouk University Irbid, Jordan Hafsa Tahir Virtual University of Pakistan Pakistan ABSTRACT Translation is an important practice which aids in developing a mutual understanding between cultures. But the performance of translation varies from culture to culture. Orientalism, a book by Edward Said tackles cultural studies within which he has challenged the idea of orientalism or the distinction between East and West, as he views it. It has been translated by the scholars belonging to different cultures worldwide. The present study discusses the variations of the two translations of Edward Said‘s book Orientalism undertaken by Kamal Abu Deeb (the professor of Arabic literature) and Muhammad Enani (the famous Egyptian writer and translator). The focus was led on exploring the differences and similarities of the Target Text (TT) and comparing them to the Source Text (ST). Whereas, comparison and analysis constituted mainly of stylistic, structural and theoretical features. In addition, this study sheds light on the reasons behind the appearance of the second translated version by Enani. The data were collected from the first chapter of each book and analyzed by using a descriptive method based on theories and strategies of translation. The findings of the study indicate the differences in choice of translation methodologies made by the two translators, as revealed by their different approaches of translation; Abu Deeb used literal translation method which made the text obscure and hard to understand. On the other hand, for retranslating Orientalism, Enani used idiomatic translation method and domesticized the text in order to make it accessible and easy to understand by the Arab Reader.
Evolution of Microsporogenesis in Palms (Arecaceae)

The main features of microsporogenesis, or male meiosis (cytokinesis, intersporal wall formation, and tetrad form), are described in 24 species of palms (Arecaceae). The species examined belong to two of the five subfamilies recognized in the latest classification of the family. To reconstruct the evolution of microsporogenesis features within the palms, recently published phylogenies of the family are used as a historical framework. Although the ancestral sequence of microsporogenesis in palms could not be inferred without ambiguities, our results show that the co‐occurrence of both simultaneous and successive cytokinesis within the same species has evolved independently several times. Tetrad forms and the intersporal wall formation are highly labile features.
DISPERSAL AND MATING IN THE FIELD BY MALE PINK BOLLWORM, PECTINOPHORA GOSSYPIELLA, LABELED WITH 32P

Radioactive phosphorus was fed to laboratory‐reared male pink bollworms, Pectinophora gossypiella (Saunders), for studies of dispersal and mating in the field. Released moths either irradiated with 20 Krad or unirradiated, were found predominantly within a few hundred meters of the release points. Prior to formation of a plant canopy, daytime‐resting places of moths were soil crevices at the bases of the plants. Later, when a protective plant canopy had formed, about half of the moths took resting places in the lower canopy, many in withered blooms. Little mating occurred between released males and native females, probably due to the great preponderance of native males in the test area. The technique of autoradiography of native females to determine mating with released labeled males was simple and effective.
Allocation of gene products to daughter cells is determined by the age of the mother in single Escherichia coli cells

Gene expression and growth rate are highly stochastic in Escherichia coli. Some of the growth rate variations result from the deterministic and asymmetric partitioning of damage by the mother to its daughters. One daughter, denoted the old daughter, receives more damage, grows more slowly and ages. To determine if expressed gene products are also allocated asymmetrically, we compared the levels of expressed green fluorescence protein in growing daughters descending from the same mother. Our results show that old daughters were less fluorescent than new daughters. Moreover, old mothers, which were born as old daughters, produced daughters that were more asymmetric when compared to new mothers. Thus, variation in gene products in a clonal E. coli population also has a deterministic component. Because fluorescence levels and growth rates were positively correlated, the aging of old daughters appears to result from both the presence of both more damage and fewer expressed gene products.
Complex patterns of expression suggest extensive roles for the α2β1 integrin in murine development

The extracellular matrix plays important roles in embryogenesis. The integrin family of adhesion receptors may mediate critical cellular interactions with the extracellular matrix during development. In this study, we elucidated the developmental spatial and temporal expression pattern of the α2β1 integrin heterodimer, a cell surface receptor for collagens and laminin. We generated reagents for studying the α2β1 integrin and examined the developmental expression of the integrin in postimplantation mice. A partial length murine α2 cDNA was isolated and the protein encoding region was found to be 82% homologous to that of the human α2 cDNA. A synthetic peptide corresponding to the carboxy‐terminus of murine α2 was used to generate α2‐specific antiserum. The antiserum and riboprobes derived from both the α2 cDNA and the previously characterized murine β1 subunit cDNA were used to determine the spatiotemporal expression of the α2 subunit by immunocytochemistry and of the α2 and β1 mRNAs by in situ hybridization. Both approaches gave concordant results. Expression of the α2 integrin subunit was observed in both the maternal and embryonic components of the placenta, namely the perivascular and basal zone decidual cells and decidual cells and spongiotrophoblasts at the maternal/embryonic junction. Expression was also observed in cells actively producing and remodeling the extracellular matrix in the maternal uterus and in the developing gut, lens, cartilage, bone, and tooth of the embryo. Generally, expression of the α2 integrin subunit was found in cells entering their later stages of differentiation such as in chondrocytes as they became hypertrophic, ameloblasts and odontoblasts as they became columnar and began to secrete the matrix of the tooth, endothelial cells after they formed tubules, in the lens just prior to and during lens fiber production, and in the collecting ducts of the kidney only after full gestation. Throughout embryogenesis, β1 mRNA was widely distributed and present in cell types expressing α2 mRNA and protein. The developmental expression pattern of the α2β1 integrin suggests roles for the integrin in placental development and matrix assembly and remodeling. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Phylogenetics and differentiation among the western taxa of the Erebia tyndarus group (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae)

The phylogenetic relationships among six members of the ‘tyndarus’ group in the Erebia genus of Satyrid butterflies, i.e. E. tyndarus, E. cassioides, E. nivalis, E. calcaria, E. hispania and E. ottomana were analysed using data from 19 presumptive enzyme loci, as well as 440 and 429 bp, respectively, from the mitochondrial large ribosomal subunit (16S) and subunit 1 from the NADH dehydrogenase (ND1) genes. The two types of molecular data (allozymes and mtDNA) yielded largely congruent tree topologies. The two basal, independent lineages formed by E. ottomana and E. hispania are contrasted by a group of Genetically closely related taxa, suggestive of a recent radiation associated with allopatric speciation, and competitive exclusion. The time of divergence for the radiation event is similar for both allozymes and mtDNA with an estimation of 440000 years ago. The lineages involved in this radiation do not comply with all the criteria necessary to assign to each of them full species rank, but they can no more be included in one single species unit. Such situations involving more than two alio- or parapatric lineages may explain why polytomies are so often met in phylogenetic reconstructions, after the lineages have reached full species rank. © 2002 The Linnean Society of London, Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2002, 75, 319–332.
Validation of a prototype hybrid eye-tracker against the DPI and the Tobii Spectrum

We benchmark a new hybrid eye-tracker system against the DPI (Dual Purkinje Imaging) tracker and the Tobii Spectrum in a series of three experiments. In a first within-subjects battery of tests, we show that the precision of the new eye-tracker is much better than that of both the DPI and the Spectrum, but that accuracy is not better. We also show that the new eye-tracker is insensitive to effects of pupil contraction on gaze direction (in contrast to both the DPI and the Spectrum), that it detects microsaccades on par with the DPI and better than the Spectrum, and that it can possibly record tremor. In the second experiment, sensors of the novel eye-tracker were integrated into the optical path of the DPI bench. Simultaneous recordings show that saccade dynamics, post-saccadic oscillations and measurements of translational movements are comparable to those of the DPI. In the third experiment, we show that the DPI and the new eye-tracker are capable of detecting 2 arcmin artificial-eye rotations while the Spectrum cannot. Results suggest that the new eye-tracker, in contrast to video-based P-CR systems [Holmqvist and Blignaut 2020], is suitable for studies that record small eye-movements under varying ambient light levels.
Physico-chemical properties of Blighia sapida (ackee) oil extract and its potential application as emulsion base

Oil extracted from the ripe ackee (Blighia sapida L) aril was characterized by the classical titrimetric and gravimetric analyses following the British Pharmacopoeia (BP) procedures. Dynamic and kinematic viscosities as well as the true density of the lipid were determined. The sample was subjected to instrumental polarimetric and gas chromatographic analyses. In each test, arachis oil (BP) and/or oleic acid was used as reference. The extraction and purification method produced 37.0 ± 4.9%, on dry weight basis, of bright-yellow oil with characteristic roasted ackee scent. Acid, ester, hydroxyl and saponification values were 1.83 (±0.01), 64.52 (±0.18), 28.01 (±0.04) and 743 (±0.19) respectively. Its specific gravity was 0.905 (±0.008) while the optical rotation was 1.453. The gas chromatography showed several well-defined peaks with two peaks at elution times of 15.41min (n-hexane) and 17.44 min (oleics acid). The sample has comparable specific gravity, viscosities and true density values as arachis oil BP. On the other hand, it contains higher levels of saponifiable matters, free acid and hydrolysable matters than arachis oil. The characteristic properties of ackee oil suggest potential for its application as pharmaceutical base and may satisfy some of the deficiencies of arachis and, possibly, some other vegetable oils. Key words: Ackee oil, extraction, characterization, pharmaceutical base.
A Brief Review of the Effects of Vitamin D on Multiple Sclerosis

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is characterized as an autoimmune disease affecting the central nervous system. It is one of the most common neurological disorders in young adults. Over the past decades, increasing evidence suggested that hypovitaminosis D is a contributing factor to the risk of developing MS. From different risk factors contributing to the development of MS, vitamin D status is of particular interest since it is not only a modifiable risk factor but is also associated with MS disease activity. MS patients with lower serum vitamin D concentrations were shown to have higher disease activity. However, this finding does not demonstrate causality. In this regard, prospective vitamin D supplementation studies missed statistical significance in its primary endpoints but showed promising results in secondary outcome measures or post hoc analyses. An explanation for missed primary endpoints may be underpowered trials. Besides vitamin D supplementation as a potential add-on to long-term immunotherapeutic treatment, a recent laboratory study of our group pointed toward a beneficial effect of vitamin D to improve the efficacy of glucocorticoids in relapse therapy. In the following article, we will briefly review the effects of vitamin D on MS by outlining its effects on the immune and nervous system and by reviewing the association between vitamin D and MS risk as well as MS disease activity. We will also review the effects of vitamin D supplementation on MS risk and MS disease activity.
Persistency of tylophorine as an insect antifeedant against Spilosoma obliqua walker

The methanolic extract of Tylophora asthamatica (Asclepiadaceae) leaves was bioassayed by a leaf disc method for feeding deterrence using Spilosoma obliqua Walker as the test insect. Tylophorine, isolated from the extract was evaluated under laboratory and greenhouse conditions for its feeding deterrence, persistence and systemic properties by using the natural host plant (Ricinus communis) of the test insect. The antifeedant compound azadirachtin and crude neem extract were used as standards. Tylophorine produced complete inhibition of feeding under laboratory conditions and was persistent in field trials for two days as determined by the damage rating score. However, both tylophorine and the crude neem extract were shown to be nonsystemic when tested in the Hoagland culture media.
Investigating the Multidimensionality of the Work-Related Flow Inventory (WOLF): A Bifactor Exploratory Structural Equation Modeling Framework

This study investigated the factor structure of the Work-Related Flow Inventory (WOLF) through the application of the bifactor exploratory structural equation modeling (B-ESEM) framework. Using a sample of 577 Chinese teachers, we contrasted a series of competing models, including CFA, ESEM, bifactor CFA, and B-ESEM models. The results suggested that the B-ESEM structure with three S-factors (absorption, work enjoyment, and intrinsic work motivation) and one G-factor (global flow) was the best representation of the WOLF ratings. The results also supported the composite reliability and the strict invariance of this measurement structure between male and female groups. Relative to males, female teachers showed a higher level of global work-related flow experience. Finally, the nomological validity of WOLF ratings was supported by the statistical relationships of the WOLF factors with job satisfaction and autonomy.
Application of slow-release tablets to enhance white pine regeneration: growth response and efficacy against white pine blister rust

Three field studies were established in northeastern Ontario to test the ability of slow-release tablets to provide prophylactic protection against white pine blister rust (caused by Cronartium ribicola J.C. Fisch.) and thereby improve the long-term survival, health, and growth of eastern white pine (Pinus strobus L.) seedlings. Experimental treatments included factorial rate combinations the fungicide triadimefon (Bayleton®), the insecticide imidacloprid (Merit®), and fertilizer (NPK, 15:8.5:3.75). Mean foliar fungicide residues increased to maximal levels (0.21 to 3.1 µg/g fresh mass (fm)) within 1 to 2 years posttreatment and declined markedly to <0.3 µg/g fm 3 to 4 years posttreatment. Dose-dependent and temporal trends observed in foliar residue levels were reflected by parallel trends in efficacy. At ≥2000 ppm triadimefon, infection rates were reduced to between 35% and 70% and mortality rates were reduced to between 6% and 52% over seven growing seasons across the three sites. In contrast, untrea.
Assessing DNA Sequence Alignment Methods for Characterizing Ancient Genomes and Methylomes

Applying high-throughput DNA sequencing technologies to the ancient DNA molecules preserved in subfossil material can provide genetic information from past individuals, populations, and communities at the genomic scale. The combination of dedicated statistical techniques and specific molecular tools aimed at reducing the impact of post-mortem DNA damage can also help recover epigenetic data from ancient individuals. However, the capacity of different sequence aligners to identify ultrashort and deaminated ancient DNA templates and their impact on the characterization of ancient methylomes remain overlooked. In this study, we use both simulated and real ancient DNA sequence data to benchmark the performance of the read alignment tools most commonly used in ancient DNA research. We identify a read alignment strategy making use of the Bowtie2 aligner that substantially reduce computational times but shows increased sensitivity relative to previous recommendations based on the BWA aligner. This strategy significantly improves the genome coverage especially when DNA templates are shorter than 90 bp, as is typically the case for ancient DNA. It also impacts on ancient DNA methylation estimates as it maximizes coverage improvement within CpG dinucleotide contexts, which hold the vast majority of DNA methylation marks in mammals. Our work contributes to improve the accuracy of DNA methylation maps and to maximize the amount of recoverable genetic information from archeological and subfossil material. As the molecular complexity of ancient DNA libraries is generally limited, the mapping strategy recommended here is essential to limit both sequencing costs and sample destruction.
Interplay Between Keratinocytes and Fibroblasts: A Systematic Review Providing a New Angle for Understanding Skin Fibrotic Disorders

Background/Objective: Skin fibrosis is the result of aberrant processes leading to abnormal deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM) in the dermis. In healthy skin, keratinocytes participate to maintain skin homeostasis by actively crosstalking with fibroblasts. Within the wide spectrum of fibrotic skin disorders, relatively little attention has been devoted to the role of keratinocytes for their capacity to participate to skin fibrosis. This systematic review aims at summarizing the available knowledge on the reciprocal interplay of keratinocytes with fibroblasts and their soluble mediators in physiological states, mostly wound healing, and conditions associated with skin fibrosis. Methods: We performed a systematic literature search on PubMed to identify in vitro and ex vivo human studies investigating the keratinocyte characteristics and their interplay with fibroblasts in physiological conditions and within fibrotic skin disorders including hypertrophic scars, keloids, and systemic sclerosis. Studies were selected according to pre-specified eligibility criteria. Data on study methods, models, stimuli and outcomes were retrieved and summarized according to pre-specified criteria. Results: Among the 6,271 abstracts retrieved, 73 articles were included, of which 14 were specifically dealing with fibrotic skin pathologies. Fifty-six studies investigated how keratinocyte may affect fibroblast responses in terms of ECM-related genes or protein production, phenotype modification, and cytokine production. Most studies in both physiological conditions and fibrosis demonstrated that keratinocytes stimulate fibroblasts through the production of interleukin 1, inducing keratinocyte growth factor (KGF) and metalloproteinases in the fibroblasts. When the potential of keratinocytes to modulate collagen synthesis by healthy fibroblasts was explored, the results were controversial. Nevertheless, studies investigating keratinocytes from fibrotic skin, including keloids, hypertrophic scar, and scleroderma, suggested their potential involvement in enhancing ECM deposition. Twenty-three papers investigated keratinocyte proliferation differentiation and production of soluble mediators in response to interactions with fibroblasts. Most studies showed that fibroblasts modulate keratinocyte viability, proliferation, and differentiation. The production of KGF by fibroblast was identified as key for these functions. Conclusions: This review condenses evidence for the active interaction between keratinocytes and fibroblasts in maintaining skin homeostasis and the altered homeostatic interplay between keratinocytes and dermal fibroblasts in scleroderma and scleroderma-like disorders.
Comparative Analysis of Thymic and Blood Treg in Myasthenia Gravis: Thymic Epithelial Cells Contribute to Thymic Immunoregulatory Defects

The thymus is involved in autoimmune Myasthenia gravis (MG) associated with anti-acetylcholine (AChR) antibodies. In MG, thymic regulatory T cells (Treg) are not efficiently suppressive, and conventional T cells (Tconv) are resistant to suppression. To better understand the specific role of the thymus in MG, we compared the phenotype and function of peripheral and thymic Treg and Tconv from controls and MG patients. Suppression assays with thymic or peripheral CD4 + T cells showed that the functional impairment in MG was more pronounced in the thymus than in the periphery. Phenotypic analysis of Treg showed a significant reduction of resting and effector Treg in the thymus but not in the periphery of MG patients. CD31, a marker lost with excessive immunoreactivity, was significantly reduced in thymic but not blood resting Treg. These results suggest that an altered thymic environment may explain Treg differences between MG patients and controls. Since thymic epithelial cells (TECs) play a major role in the generation of Treg, we co-cultured healthy thymic CD4 + T cells with control or MG TECs and tested their suppressive function. Co-culture with MG TECs consistently hampers regulatory activity, as compared with control TECs, suggesting that MG TECs contribute to the immune regulation defects of MG CD4 + T cells. MG TECs produced significantly higher thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) than control TECs, and a neutralizing anti-TSLP antibody partially restored the suppressive capacity of Treg derived from co-cultures with MG TECs, suggesting that TSLP contributed to the defect of thymic Treg in MG patients. Finally, a co-culture of MG CD4 + T cells with control TECs restored numbers and function of MG Treg, demonstrating that a favorable environment could correct the immune regulation defects of T cells in MG. Altogether, our data suggest that the severe defect of thymic Treg is at least partially due to MG TECs that overproduce TSLP. The Treg defects could be corrected by replacing dysfunctional TECs by healthy TECs. These findings highlight the role of the tissue environment on the immune regulation.