Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
ELECTRON EFFECTIVE MASSES AND MOBILITIES IN HIGH-PURITY 6H-SIC CHEMICAL VAPOR DEPOSITION LAYERS

The first observation of cyclotron resonance in 6H‐SiC by optically detected cyclotron resonance (ODCR) spectroscopy at X‐band microwave frequency is reported. High purity undoped, n‐type 6H‐SiC layers grown by chemical vapor deposition (CVD), with residual doping concentrations in the 1014–1015 cm−3 range, were investigated. Effective mass values were determined as m*⊥=(0.42±0.02)m0 and m*∥=(2.0±0.2)m0. From the fit of the ODCR line shape, a remarkably high mobility at 6 K was deduced: μ⊥≊1.1×105 cm2/V s for electrons in the basal plane. The anisotropy of the effective mass and the carrier mobility is discussed in comparison with previously reported data.
Comparison of influence on psychosocial factors of single and recurrent sexual abuse in childhood

Aim: Sexual abuse in childhood, which is an important problem in the society, leads to many problems among the victims. This study aims to present the rate of being subject to recurrent sexual abuse and to find out the psychosocial characteristics of victims of recurrent sexual abuse. Materials and Methods: A total of 466 children were referred to the Ankara Child Follow-up Center during the first year. 35 children who had recurrent sexual abuse were compared with 36 first-time sexual abuse victims sociodemographic features, characteristics of sexual abuse and risk factors of sexual abuse. Results: 35 children who were victims of sexual abuse had been revictimized in the past. Children who had recurrent sexual abuse had statistically significantly higher rates of history of running away, school abstinence, broken family, problems in child-parent and parent-parent interrelations, alcohol use of family members, domestic violence and physical abuse than first-time sexual abuse victims. Conclusion: These findings support the need of immediate treatment both to the victims and their families to prevent recurrent sexual abuse to the child victims of sexual abuse. To achieve this, specialists working with children in various disciplines may collaborate with their colleagues in a multidisciplinary approach and they may provide proper treatments to the victims and their families to alleviate the risk factors. In hospital and school environments, victims of sexual abuse may be provided with the necessary skills of self-defense via psycho-education sessions, they may receive psychological support and their risky behaviors might be minimized while their social support mechanisms are being strengthened.
What is the Role of Firm-Specific Pay Policies on the Gender Earnings Gap in Canada?

Using data from the Canadian Employer-Employee Dynamics Database between 2001 and 2015, we examine the impact of firms' hiring and pay-setting policies on the gender earnings gap in Canada. Consistent with the existing literature and following Card, Cardoso, and Kline (2016), we find that firm-specific premiums explain nearly one quarter of the 26.8% average earnings gap between female and male workers. On average, firms' hiring practices – due to difference in the relative proportion of women hired at high-wage firms, or sorting – and pay-setting policies – due to differences in pay by gender within similar firms – each explain about one half of this firm effect. The compositional difference between the two channels varies substantially over the life-cycle, by parental and marital status, and across provinces.
HIGH-PRESSURE HYDRATION TREATMENT FOR SOYBEAN PROCESSING

The hydration of dry soybeans is an important first step of processing seeds into food products. This study on the effect of high-pressure treatment on the water uptake of soybeans concluded that high-pressure soaking can reduce soaking time. NMR analysis indicated that water mobility in a high-pressure soaked soybean was more restricted and water distribution was more uniform than that of a control sample. SEM analysis revealed that high pressure can change the microstructures of the seed coat and hilum, which aids in soybean water absorption and disrupts individual spherical protein body structures. Additionally, DSC and SDS-PAGE analysis revealed that partial proteins were denatured during the high-pressure soaking.
The role of solitons and the kinetics of precipitate growth in boron doped silicon–germanium alloys

The time dependence of the thermoelectric transport properties of boron doped Si70Ge30 alloys has been investigated for times between 1 and 8700 h at an isothermal heat treatment temperature of 1100 K. Changes in the Seebeck coefficient, electrical resistivity, and carrier concentration which result from the precipitation of boron are reported. Three distinct stages are observed in the precipitation process: (a) an initial stage of precipitate zone growth lasting for about 1000 h characterized by a parabolic rate law, (b) a final stage commencing after about 4000 h and obeying the conventional Lifshitz–Slyozov post nucleation rate law, and (c) a lengthy intermediate stage lasting for about 3000 h in which the transition from initial to final stage takes place. A recently proposed soliton model for the kinetics of precipitate growth in binary phase systems is found to correctly reproduce the experimental observations. It is also reported that the precipitation process is reversible and the precipitated bor.
Nurse Resilience in Acute Clinical Settings

them (McAllister & McKinnon, 2009). Lim, Bogossian, and Ahern (2010) identified a variety of coping strategies including problem solving, seeking social support, self-controlling, escape-avoidance and distancing. Coping skills are able to be learned and strengthened through educational experiences. A range of coping skills that can be put into practice during challenging times, enables a more resilient individual (McAllister & McKinnon, 2009). This idea is supported by Lowe (2013), who expressed the opinion that improved well-being and positive coping skills are shown to be effective in reducing stress levels and fostering characteristics of resilience. Kornhaber and Wilson (2011), along with Glass and Rose (2008), hypothesised that formal supports, for instance professional counselling and clinical supervision, have shown to be successful coping strategies and ways of managing workplace adversity, additionally contributing to mental health and wellbeing. As explained by Lowe (2013), a supportive and healthy work environment for nurses will foster resilience and reduce the impact of stress. Supportive social networks contribute to the regulation of the effects of challenging work environments and have been proven to be features of resilient nurses. Van Heugten (2012) explains how collaborating with colleagues and building strong relationships have been shown to reduce risk factors associated with demanding situations, such as the risk for depression, anxiety and post-traumatic stress disorder. Workplaces where nurses are inspired to develop trust, faith and hope with one another, assist with cultivating caring relationships. Hart, Brannan, and De Chesnay (2012) concluded that human interaction and deep connections with other individuals were important factors that contributed to an individual’s development of resilience.
Electrostatic Free Energy of Solvation of an Arbitrary Charge Distribution in the Block−Walker Inhomogeneous Dielectric

We derive the expressions for the electrostatic free energy and entropy of an arbitrary charge distribution in the dielectric characterized by the distance-dependent Block−Walker (BW) permittivity function er exp(−a ln er / r), where a is the solute radius and er is the permittivity of the bulk solvent. This function describes well the effect of dielectric inhomogeneity (e.g., due to nonuniform spatial distribution of dipoles of solvent molecules). As the charge distribution deviates from the center of the solute cavity or as er becomes smaller, the dielectric inhomogeneity gains in importance. The BW function well reproduces the observed free energies and entropies of solvation of univalent ions, without any parametric fittings: its mathematical form leads to appropriate effective radii of solvated ions and produces their sensitive dependence on temperature. We also try to microscopically interpret the BW model by comparing it with the mean spherical approximation (MSA) for the ion−dipolar system and pr.
Photochemistry of ring‐substituted polystyrenes. II. Photolyses of poly(p‐fluoro‐, p‐chloro‐, and p‐bromostyrene)s

The photodegradation of thin films of p-fluoro (PPFS), p-chloro (PPCS), and p-bromo (PPBS) styrenes brought about by exposure to 254-nm radiation under high vacuum was studied. Mass spectroscopic measurements indicated that hydrogen and hydrogen halides were the only gaseous products because yields of H2 and HF from poly(p-fluorostyrene) were much smaller than the corresponding yields of chloro- and bromo-substituted polymers. UV and visible spectra of degraded films indicated the presence of unsaturated species, for the initial rates of formation were comparable in PPFS and PS but considerably greater in PPCS and PPBS. Solubility and molecular weight data indicated simultaneous crosslinking and chain scission; both PPCS and PPBS showed an inordinately high susceptibility to crosslinking. These observations can be rationalized in terms of the energetics of abstraction reactions by H and halogen atoms and in terms of scission of the Ph–Br and Ph–Cl bonds which lead to the participation of radicals in the para position in crosslinking. Some qualitative correspondence between the Hammett parameters of the p-substituents and rates of H2 formation in the substituted polymers was observed. Quantum yields of gaseous product formation and probabilities of crosslinking and chain scission were also determined for the three polymers. Mechanisms of the various reactions are discussed.
SOME CAUTIONS ON THE INTERPRETATION OF MÖSSBAUER SPECTRA IN MINERALOGICAL STUDIES OF VOLCANIC SOILS

Los espectros Mossbauer de suelos Chilenos derivados de materiales volcanicos (Ultisoles y Andisoles), tomados a temperatura ambiente, son muy complejos y los ajustes realizados a traves del metodo de cuadrados minimos, llevan a varias interpretaciones diferentes. En la mayoria de los casos, solo es posible postular la presencia de oxidos de hierro comunmente presentes como maghemita (formula ideal , g Fe2O3), hematita (aFe2O3) y goethita (aFeOOH) en Andisoles, y maghemita, magnetita (Fe3O4), ferrihidrita (Fe5HO8.4H2O) y/o goethita en el Ultisol. En este articulo, se presentan estudios realizados empleando difraccion de rayos X y espectroscopia Mossbauer de fracciones de diferente tamano de particula provenientes de suelos Chilenos (suelo completo, arena, limo y arcilla), las cuales han sido sometidas a extracciones magneticas (arena) y tratamiento quimico disolutivo selectivo con NaOH (limo y arcilla), adaptados a suelos volcanicos. Cuando se analizan los resultados obtenidos con las fracciones tratadas, solo se confirma la presencia de magnetita en el Ultisol y se infiere la existencia de hematita. La separacion de la fraccion magnetica y los tratamientos quimicos resultan ser etapas esenciales en la preparacion de muestras para estudios mineralogicos de suelos Chilenos derivados de materiales volcanicos
Interpretation of the high-energy band within the photoelectro spectra of alkanes both in terms of appropriate orbitals and on the basis of chemical structure

Two generalized interpretations of the high-energy band (HEB) within the photoelectron spectra (PES) of alkanes, usually referred to as the C{sub 2s} band, have been suggested. The quantum chemical one consists of attributing to the HEB of any alkane (C{sub n}H{sub 2n+2}) the chain of n similar orbitals {eta}{sub k} (k = 1.n), each of them containing mainly one 2s{sub c} AO and some contributions of another four orbitals from its nearest environment. The structure of each orbital n{sub k} has been shown to be similar to that of the lowest totally symmetric mo of methane. The chemical interpretation of the same band involves relating it and the definite subspectrum of the full chemical graph of alkane, associated mainly with its C skeleton. The interrelation of these two complementary interpretations follows from the one-to-one correspondence between the orbitals {eta}{sub k} and the CH{sub 2}(CH{sub 3}) groups in alkane. 19 refs., 3 figs.
Longitudinal Trend of Fasting Blood Glucose and Related Factors in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes

Background: Control of diabetes plays an important role in improving complications and disabilities and quality of life. This study aimed to evaluate the 3-year changes in fasting blood glucose (FBG) values and its related factors in patients with type 2 diabetes. Methods: In this retrospective cohort study, 500 patients with type 2 diabetes covered by the National Diabetic Prevention and Care Plan during 2013–2016 were selected based on random cluster systematic sampling. A linear mixed model was used to study changes in FBG levels and their related factors. The data were analyzed using the R3.2. 0 software. Results: The patients' mean age was 47.7 years. Among these patients, 58.6% were female, 19.8% had a history of smoking. High FBG was associated with high disease duration, high body mass index (BMI), low age, normal BMI at baseline, insulin therapy, smoking, and family history of diabetes. Trend of FBG in follow-up was decreasing. Conclusions: Given that patients who received insulin therapy had higher mean FBG, it is recommended to examine their insulin dose and modifications should be made in terms of the patients' needs during their continuous follow-up. Weight loss during follow-up and cessation of smoking indicate a favorable prognosis of disease. More attention should be paid to younger patients in care. Patients are encouraged to start treatment and care at the same time diagnose.
Survey of the floristic composition and the structure of spontaneous vegetation present at green corn cultivated in organic no-tillage system

The control of spontaneous plants is one of the biggest challenges faced by organic no-tillage system (NTS). Thus, the use of cultural practices that help on it becomes relevant. The objective of this research was to evaluate the population density, the level of infestation and fresh and dry weight of spontaneous plants community of the green corn cultivated in organic NTS. The trial was conducted in a randomized block design, with six replications and five treatments, consisting of three soil coverings in the organic NTS and organic and conventional systems using intensive soil tillage without covering. For soil covered treatments was used millet as grass specie and sunn hemp as leguminous specie as well as the intercropping between both species. The green corn (AG 1051 hybrid) was sowed at 1.0 m. between rows and 0.20 m. between plants. Infestation, density and fresh weight and dry weight evaluations of spontaneous plants were performed on the V5 (five developed leaves) stage of corn. The use of single millet straw and intercropped straw provided a reduction of the infestation percentage and absolute spontaneous plants density. Both organic and conventional intensive soil tillage systems without covering showed higher relative density for the specie Galinsoga quadriradiata. The highest relative densities in organic NTS were attributed to Amaranthus spp. , C. rotundus and Oxalis spp. The percentage of infestation by spontaneous plants did not reach the level of economic damage in any of the treatments studied since the average productivity of ears without straw had been within the Brazilian average (9,000 to 15,000 Kg ha ). Keywords— Crotalaria juncea, Pennisetum americanum, organic farming, weed management.
Silicene/MoS2 Heterojunction for High-Performance Photodetector

In this article, we report that the photoconductive gain of the photodetector can be appreciably increased by forming a heterojunction between silicene and MoS2. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, it is for the first time that the silicene/MoS2 heterojunction has been investigated as a high-performance device for photodetector applications. Density function theory is used to study the performance of the photodetector in terms of performance parameters like responsivity, detectivity, and optical gain. A comparison of the proposed photodetector with the state-of-the-art photodetectors available in the open literature reveals that the proposed photodetector offers improved performance over the reported photodetectors.
Principals' Ordeal with Bureaucracy = Okul Müdürlerinin Bürokrasi ile Imtihani.

The purpose of this study is to reveal how school principals position themselves against bureaucracy and investigate their conceptions of bureaucracy in public education system. Phenomenological approach was used to analyze the qualitative data. Participants were 19 primary, middle and high school principals from 11 provinces of Turkey. The quantitative data was collected from 445 principals and were used in the level 2 (26 sub-regions) based on TURKSTAT regional classification. At least one province of each of these sub-regions was selected. Findings indicate that principals conceive bureaucracy based on dysfunctional aspects of Weberian bureaucracy. Principals interpret bureaucracy as “an instrument of domination, disrupts relations between individuals and institutions, a red-tape, slows down the process, the routine of the public and prevents communication. ” Bureaucratic roles of public bureaucrats were also emphasized in the study. Findings suggest that bureaucratic roles and street-level bureaucracy should be taken into account in principal selection and training processes.
Characterizing Water and Solute Movement by Time Domain Reflectometry and Disk Permeametry

To investigate a rapid, nondestructive way of characterizing solute transport properties, time domain reflectometry (TDR) and disk permeametry have been used in combination. Calibration measurements had previously related TDR measurements to both the volumetric water content and the pore water concentration of Cl - . Laboratory measurements from a horizontal TDR probe were used to estimate transport parameters in a soil column by applying a one-dimensional numerical model in an inverse sense. A vertical TDR probe was used to provide independent verification of these parameters. A repacked column of Ramiha silt loam (an Andic Dystrochrept) was used under unsaturated, transient flow conditions. The disk permeameter, set to a pressure head of - 50 mm and containing a solution of 0.032 M KCl, was placed straight onto the repacked soil column, which had an initial water content of 0.32 m 3 m -3 . The soil wet to 0.60 m 3 m -3 . However, in the columns only an envelope of Cl - concentration could be obtained, due to exchange between the initially resident Ca 2+ and the invading K + . This illustrates why cation exchange needs to be considered when TDR is used to infer solute movement. From the numerical simulations, values for the solute dispersivity and the retardation were found to be 2.3 mm and 1.2, respectively. The retardation is shown to be due to the anion-exchange capacity varying with the concentration of the invading soil solution.
Glucosinolate Sinigrin Improves Insulin Resistance to Suppress Glutathione Consumption in Type 2 Diabetic Mice

Background: Sinigrin, an aliphatic glucosinolate, is absorbed from the intestine as allyl isothiocyanate (AITC) and conjugated with glutathione (GSH) followed by excretion as an N-acetylcysteine (AITC-NAC) into the urine. AITC is the crucial metabolized form which reflects the occurring bioavailability of dietary sinigrin. However, whether the anti-diabetic effects of dietary sinigrin and the quantitative of metabolic parameters AITC and AITC-NAC remain unknown in the type 2 diabetes model (T2D). Methods: A total of mice were divided into 6 groups: (i) normal control (ii) diabetic control, (iii) normal + 15 (μmol sinigrin/kg BW for all), (iv) diabetes + 15, (v) normal + 30 and (vi) diabetes + 30. After oral administration of sinigrin for 21 days, plasma, tissue, and urine were collected for analysis of metabolic parameters. Results: Administration of sinigrin reduced plasma glucose and significantly improved the insulin resistance of T2D mice. Besides, the treatment of sinigrin induced accumulates AITC levels in the liver and pancreas tissue results in enhancing GSH levels in these tissues (P<0.05). Sinigrin causes less elimination of AITC-NAC in T2D mice urine (below 10% excretion compared to 70% in normal mice P<0.05). These results indicated the collaboration of changeable sinigrin metabolism for its protective effect on T2D mice. Conclusions: Dietary intake of sinigrin possesses anti-diabetes and the changeable amount exposes AITC-NAC and AITC accumulation in the target tissue, enhancing the GSH levels may contribute to its protective effect. These findings may further justify the importance of sinigrin in phytomedicine.
New Simple Hydrophobic Proline Derivatives as Highly Active and Stereoselective Catalysts for the Direct Asymmetric Aldol Reaction in Aqueous Medium

New 4-substituted acyloxyproline derivatives with different hydrophobic properties of the acyl group were easily synthesized and used as catalysts in the direct asymmetric aldol reaction between cyclic ketones (cyclohexanone and cyclopentanone) and several substituted benzaldehydes. Reactions were carried out using water, this being the best reaction medium examined. Screening of these catalysts showed that compounds bearing the most hydrophobic acyl chains [4-phenylbutanoate and 4-(pyren-1-yl)butanoate] provided better results. The latter catalysts were successfully used in only 2 mol% at room temperature without additives to give aldol products in excellent stereoselectivities. These results demonstrate that derivatization of the proline moiety with the proper simple hydrophobic substituent in the 4-position can furnish highly active and stereoselective catalysts without the need of additional chiral backbones in the molecule. Finally, an explanation of the observed stereoselectivities in the presence of water is provided.
Effect of hydrothermal conditions on structural and textural properties of synthetic hydrotalcites of varying Mg/Al ratio

The synthetic hydrotalcites with Mg/Al molar ratios of 2.0−3.5 were synthesized by coprecipitation method at low supersaturation conditions followed by hydrothermal treatment under autogenous water vapor pressure at 70−140 °C. These synthesized samples were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction (P-XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and surface area measurements. The hydrothermal treatment at increasing temperature and longer aging time increased the crystallinity and crystallite size of the hydrotalcite significantly. The crystallinity and crystallite size of the hydrotalcite were observed to decrease on increasing the Mg/Al ratio. The surface area of hydrotalcite was observed to increase on increasing the Mg/Al molar ratio from 2.0 to 3.5. From the kinetic data for crystallization of hydrotalcite at different temperatures, the values of rate constants and activation energy were calculated. The Avrami−Erofeev mod.
Optical Properties of Short Range Ordered Arrays of Nanometer Gold Disks Prepared by Colloidal Lithography

The optical properties of gold nanodisk arrays prepared by colloidal lithography are studied experimentally. The arrays exhibit short range translational order and weak interparticle interactions. Tunable localized surface plasmon resonances are achieved by varying the diameter of the disks at constant disk height. The macroscopic optical properties are well-described by modeling the gold disks as oblate spheroids in the electrostatic limit. The optical sensing capabilities of the disks are investigated by varying the surrounding refractive index. It is found, in agreement with theory, that more oblate disk shapes have higher sensitivity. This suggests that nanodisks prepared by colloidal lithography are of interest as substrates for optimizing optical biosensing methods at the nanometer scale.