Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Epidemiological Profile of Urinary and Intestinal Schistosomiasis in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: A Seven-Year Retrospective Study

Background: Despite the marked decline of schistosomiasis in Saudi Arabia in recent years, it is still reported in several regions. This study investigates the epidemiology of schistosomiasis in Saudi Arabia over seven years (2014–2020). Methodology: A retrospective study was retrieved from the annual reports of the Ministry of Health. A Geographic Information System GIS, Chi-square, and logistic regression were used to analyze the data. Results: Out of the 4,371,481 tested, 680 cases were positive for schistosomiasis, with a cumulative incidence rate of 2.155/100,000 population. This number showed significant variation over the study period (p value < 0.001). The highest number of cases detected in 2015 was almost 2-fold (OR = 1.93; 95%CI: 1.36–2.74) higher than in 2020. Both clinical forms (urinary and intestinal schistosomiasis) exist in Saudi Arabia (79.6% and 20.4% of all schistosomiasis cases, respectively). Schistosomiasis was reported in seven out of thirteen regions. Among them, Mecca has a relatively high number of cases (OR = 5.57; 95%CI: 2.49–12.47). Conversely, the Eastern Province has a low number of cases (OR = 0.09; 95%CI: 0.02–0.39) when compared to the Najran region (p value > 0.001). Regarding the distribution of schistosomiasis cases by gender and nationality, we noticed that most of the positive cases were found among males (70.6%) and expatriates (83.6%). Conclusions: The persistence of schistosomiasis and the disparity in the demographic factors underscores the imperative for intensified and integrative One Health interventions to combat this disease in Saudi Arabia.
Development of Independent Value in Elementry Islamic School Mutiara Cendekia

The value of character education organizes a learning system that encourages the actualization of competence and independence of elementary school students. So that the lesson has become a habit for the local community, especially for elementary school students on the banks of the river who use independent transportation to school. Independence in the development of character education occurs through a value which is a term that cannot be separated from education. This study used a qualitative method, which is a scientific research method that aims to understand a phenomenon in its natural social context by prioritizing a deep communication process between researchers and the phenomenon being studied. The research's findings suggest possible outcomes that can be put into practice to building independent character. For students to successfully develop their own character, it is important for the school, teachers, and parents to work together. The role of the teacher in character development is very important, because the figure of a teacher becomes a source of inspiration and motivation for students. The attitude and behaviour of a teacher is also very imprinted on the students, where every utterance, the personality of a teacher can be a reflection for students. Teachers are not only academic educators but also must be able to become character, moral and cultural educators for their students. The method that is often used in character development is habituation, where teachers can familiarize students to apply certain values based on agreements that have been made together with students, for example about tidiness and this is carried out continuously so that it can become a daily activity, students as well as the teacher.
Ice water content‐extinction relationships and effective diameter for TTL cirrus derived from in situ measurements during ATTREX 2014

The NASA Airborne Tropical Tropopause Experiment (ATTREX) deployment in January–March 2014 yielded more than 34 h of cirrus cloud sampling in the tropical tropopause layer (TTL) over the western Pacific. Cirrus were encountered throughout the TTL, at temperatures between 185 and 207 K, with ice water content (IWC) ranging from >10 mg m−3 to below the instrumental detection limit of 1 μg m−3. Geometric optical extinction (σ) values determined from cloud particle probe measurements ranged from 10−3 m−1 to <10−7 m−1. The median effective diameter (Deff) for cirrus sampled at T > 192 K was 40–50 μm and exhibited a weak temperature dependence, while colder than 192 K, Deff decreased more strongly with decreasing T. From the ATTREX data, a new parameterization of the IWC‐σ relationship for TTL cirrus is derived that will improve the estimation of IWC from lidar and optical probe observations of these clouds.
The Messinian sea-level fall in the western Black Sea: small or large? Insights from offshore Romania

The Messinian sea-level fall in the western Black Sea is poorly understood and often debated. We provide evidence for the sea-level fall, offshore Romania. There, the Messinian sedimentation is closely related to the gravitational collapse of the basin margin above the Maykop shales. This thin-skinned system controlled the Messinian lowstand depocentres. We estimated about 500–600 m of sea-level drop based on the erosional valleys cut into the formed lower Pontian slope and the Messinian erosional surface (MES). The Messinian lowstand sediments are delimited by the basal erosional surface (BES) formed at the onset of the sea-level fall and by the MES related to transgressive wave erosion during the initial slow rise in sea level. Subsequent rapid sea-level rise drowned the remaining erosional topography on the lower Pontian palaeo-shelf. Similar features have been described in the Mediterranean Basin.
Quantifying advective and nonstationary effects on eddy fluxes in the AmeriFlux network

Our goal was to study the flows within and above of a forested area and assess the degree to which horizontal subcanopy motions transport significant amounts of CO2. This process can explain why ecosystem respiration appears to be underestimated on calm nights. It is essential to understand the physical and biological mechanisms that determine relevant processes that occur on these AÂ¢AÂAÂsuspectAÂ¢AÂAÂ nights.
Composición y abundancia estacional de aves acuáticas en tres paisajes de la laguna Mar Muerto, Oaxaca-Chiapas

Determinamos la composicion, abundancia y uso del espacio de la avifauna durante dos estaciones climaticas (estiaje y lluvias) en tres paisajes diferentes de la laguna Mar Muerto, ubicada entre los estados de Oaxaca y Chiapas, Mexico. Registramos un total de 40 especies de aves acuaticas y semiacuaticas. Las familias con mayor numero de especies fueron Ardeidae y Scolopacidae (nueve cada una) seguida por Anatidae y Laridae (con cuatro especies cada una). Registramos una mayor riqueza durante los meses de lluvia (33 especies) y menor en los meses de estiaje (29 especies). La riqueza especifica y abundancia mostraron patrones diferentes entre los paisajes: isla Los Pajaros, con 28 especies, seguida de las zonas circundantes a la comunidad de Santa Brigida, con 22 especies y Boca Tonala, con 14 especies. Los zonas mas frecuentadas por la avifauna en laguna Mar Muerto fueron el manglar (20 especies y 54.6% del total de las observaciones) y la planicie lodosa (20 y 16.2%), seguidos por la planicie de conchal (10 y 4.7%), el espejo de agua (10 y 2.6%) y finalmente la playa arenosa (9 y 3.4%). La laguna Mar Muerto es un sitio importante de descanso y alimentacion para especies de aves residentes y migratorias.
Pathobiology of Cognitive Impairment in Parkinson Disease: Challenges and Outlooks

Cognitive impairment (CI) is a characteristic non-motor feature of Parkinson disease (PD) that poses a severe burden on the patients and caregivers, yet relatively little is known about its pathobiology. Cognitive deficits are evident throughout the course of PD, with around 25% of subtle cognitive decline and mild CI (MCI) at the time of diagnosis and up to 83% of patients developing dementia after 20 years. The heterogeneity of cognitive phenotypes suggests that a common neuropathological process, characterized by progressive degeneration of the dopaminergic striatonigral system and of many other neuronal systems, results not only in structural deficits but also extensive changes of functional neuronal network activities and neurotransmitter dysfunctions. Modern neuroimaging studies revealed multilocular cortical and subcortical atrophies and alterations in intrinsic neuronal connectivities. The decreased functional connectivity (FC) of the default mode network (DMN) in the bilateral prefrontal cortex is affected already before the development of clinical CI and in the absence of structural changes. Longitudinal cognitive decline is associated with frontostriatal and limbic affections, white matter microlesions and changes between multiple functional neuronal networks, including thalamo-insular, frontoparietal and attention networks, the cholinergic forebrain and the noradrenergic system. Superimposed Alzheimer-related (and other concomitant) pathologies due to interactions between α-synuclein, tau-protein and β-amyloid contribute to dementia pathogenesis in both PD and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB). To further elucidate the interaction of the pathomechanisms responsible for CI in PD, well-designed longitudinal clinico-pathological studies are warranted that are supported by fluid and sophisticated imaging biomarkers as a basis for better early diagnosis and future disease-modifying therapies.
Sensory Attributes and Instrumental Chemical Parameters of Commercial Spanish Cured Ewes’ Milk Cheeses: Insights into Cheese Quality Figures

The external appearance of some of the Protected Designation of Origin (PDO) cured cheeses is similar to other cheese samples made in Spain: 1 kg and 2.5–3 kg formats, cylindrical, and with or without a pleita mark on the surface. In this work, commercial cured ewe’s milk cheese samples with a similar external appearance were analyzed, including five PDO and five non-PDO samples. The parameters analyzed were color, texture, pH, humidity, water activity, and the volatile profile. Additionally, a descriptive and consumer-sensory analysis of the cheese samples was carried out. Statistical analysis of the results showed that luminosity, color coordinates a* and b*, percentage of deformation, humidity, water activity, and acid contents were significantly higher in non-PDO cheese samples. The breaking force, maximum force, and the content of esters were significantly higher in those cheese samples with PDO. In addition, PDO cheese samples showed higher scores for all attributes evaluated by consumers, except for color. These results suggest that PDO cheeses are placed on the market with a higher degree of ripening than non-PDO ones and that consequently they are more positively valued by consumers.
TREE RING PRECIPITATION RECORDS FROM BAOTOU AND THE EAST ASIA SUMMER MONSOON VARIATIONS FOR THE LAST 254 YEARS

The precipitations from February to early July ( R 27E ) and from June to early August ( R 68E ) in Baotou, Inner Mongolia, China have been reconstructed based on tree ring width for the period between 1742 and 1996 The explained variances of reconstruction are 43 40% and 32 60%, respectively The annual dry wet years and decadal dry wet intervals are well identified by dryness/wetness indices derived from historical documents The strength variation of the East Asian Summer Monsoon is analyzed through the R 68E reconstruction The power spectrum analysis shows that there were quasi cycles of 34 29, 12 63, 7 5, 5 11~5 22, 4 53~4 62 , 3 16~3 53 and 2 05 years in the precipitation on from June to early August
EVALUATING THE IMPACT OF MARKETING COMMUNICATION MIX ON CUSTOMER SATISFACTION: THE MEDIATING ROLE OF SERVICE QUALITY DELIVERY

Customers are important stakeholders in the financial industry, and therefore management must place a high priority on their satisfaction. In this paper, we investigated the impact of marketing communication mix on customer satisfaction being mediated by service quality within the financial industry. Data was drawn from marketing and sales managers of financial institutions, non-financial institutions, and microfinance companies. A sample of 372 marketing and sales managers participated in this study from financial, non-financial, and microfinance institutions across the three business regions in Ghana. The study deployed the quantitative approach to achieve the objective set. Partial Least Square-Structural Equational Modeling version 3.3 was adopted in this study to analyze the data and its processing. Out of the eleven hypotheses formulated, seven of them were significant, while four were insignificant. According to the findings, firms with greater levels of marketing communication mix should employ this performance metric to attract and achieve high-quality customer satisfaction because customer satisfaction is critical to a company's success. To management, it set a ground for them as superintendents of businesses to tailor-make their products in line with the customers’ preferences and satisfaction. The limitations and future research directions are equally presented in the paper.
Mass transfer on rotating disk by adsorption and electrochemical methods

One of the ways to intensify the process is the use of rotating elements, which increase the mass transfer coefficients many times over. In this study, the mass transfer coefficient was determined by adsorption and electrochemical methods, using a rotating disk (RD) to study the effect of rotation on the mass transfer intensity. For adsorption method, a dilute solution of methylene blue was used, and silica gel foils on rotation disk were used as adsorbents. The measurements were performed under diffusion-controlled conditions, and the color intensity of the surface was determined using SIGMA Scan Pro. The study of mass transfer by electrochemical method was performed in batch systems with a volume of 20 dm3 and 0.8 dm3 , using a solution of sulfuric acid and copper sulfate, and potassium ferricyanide (III), potassium ferricyanide (II), and potassium chloride. Disks with diameters of 0.8 cm, 1 cm, 2 cm, 5.6 cm, and 20 cm were used in the rotation range up to 800 rpm. After determining the operating voltage, the current intensity was measured at different rpm and the mass transfer coefficients were calculated. It was found that the mass transfer coefficient increases as the rotation speed of the RD increases, and that is does not depend on the diameter of RD. It is shown that the current density increases with the increase of the RD speed, while the diffusion layer thickness decreases. A comparative analysis of the results obtained by the adsorption and electrochemical methods was made and the results were compared with literature correlations.
ECONOMIC POLICY UNCERTAINTY, GLOBALIZATION AND BANKING STABILITY

This paper is accomplished to assess the influence of global economic policy uncertainty and globalization on the stability of the banking system in Asian countries. Although the stabilization of the banking system is a subject of great interest to many researchers, there has yet to be research that simultaneously evaluates the influence of these two factors on its stability. simultaneously evaluates the influence of these two factors on its stability. Based on data from Asian countries and the two-step systematic GMM regression method, the research results show that economic policy uncertainty and globalization erode the banking sectors' stability in Asia. Additionally, the study provides evidence that a country's banking system with a high globalization index will be strengthened in an environment of policy uncertainty. Moreover, financial, economic, and political globalization can reverse the influence of global economic policy uncertainty on the banking system's stability. These findings hold significant policy implications for governments, policymakers, and banking managers.
Direct Oral Anticoagulants in Special Patient Populations

Anticoagulants are a cornerstone of treatment in atrial fibrillation. Nowadays, direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) are extensively used for this condition in developed countries. However, DOAC treatment may be inappropriate in certain patient populations, such as: patients with chronic kidney disease in whom DOAC concentrations may be dangerously elevated; frail elderly patients with an increased risk of falls; patients with significant drug–drug interactions (DDI) affecting either DOAC concentration or effect; patients at the extremes of body mass in whom an “abnormal” volume of distribution may result in inappropriate drug concentrations; patients with recurrent stroke reflecting an unusually high thromboembolic tendency; and, lastly, patients who experience major hemorrhage on an anticoagulant and in whom continued anticoagulation is deemed necessary. Herein we provide a fictional case-based approach to review the recommendations for the use of DOACs in these special patient populations.
Effects of the safari hunting tourism ban on rural livelihoods and wildlife conservation in Northern Botswana

Abstract This paper examines the effects of the safari hunting ban of 2014 on rural livelihoods and wildlife conservation in Northern Botswana using the social exchange theory. The paper used both primary and secondary data sources. Data were analysed qualitatively. Results indicate that the ban led to a reduction of tourism benefits to local communities such as: income, employment opportunities, social services such as funeral insurance, scholarships and income required to make provision of housing for the needy and elderly. After the hunting ban, communities were forced to shifts from hunting to photographic tourism. Reduced tourism benefits have led to the development of negative attitudes by rural residents towards wildlife conservation and the increase in incidents of poaching in Northern Botswana. The implications of hunting ban suggest that policy shifts that affect wildlife conservation and rural livelihoods need to be informed by socio-economic and ecological research. This participatory and scientific approach to decision-making has the potential to contribute sustainability of livelihoods and wildlife conservation in Botswana.
Development of barium hexaferrite core–shell composites as high-performance microwave absorption by optimizing hydrothermal synthesis

In conjunction with the enhancement of societal living standards and the rapid development of information technology, an extensive variety of high-capacity electronic devices are being introduced to the market. The heightened demands result in the generation of electromagnetic wave radiation, which poses a potential risk to human well-being. Barium hexaferrite (BHF) is one of the radar-absorbing materials (RAMs) that can absorb electromagnetic waves because it has a high anisotropic field. However, its drawbacks are narrow absorption and less stability. Molybdenum disulfide (MoS2), is the best candidate for the reinforcement of BHF. The study investigated the impact of increasing the thiourea, temperature, hydrothermal holding time, and sample thickness on reflection loss. This study used a two-step molten salt and hydrothermal synthesis to make a BaFe12O19@MoS2 core-cell composite. Two-step molten salt and hydrothermal synthesis methods created single-phase BaFe12O19@MoS2 core-cell composites that worked well. The results showed that adding MoS2 to BHF changed BHF's magnetic properties from hard to soft. Increasing the hydrothermal temperature up to 220 °C effectively reduced the reflection loss of BaFe12O19@MoS2. On a 2 mm thick sample containing 100 mmol thiourea, the study achieved an electromagnetic wave absorption of 99.97 % with a reflection loss of –35.41 dB (17.37 GHz). The results of this research can be applied to protect electronic devices vulnerable to signal interference from satellite radar systems at frequencies of 12–18 GHz
The Impact of Biomarkers on the Early Detection of Acute Mesenteric Ischemia

Background: acute mesenteric ischemia (AMI) is a life-threatening condition that is caused by inadequate blood flow through the mesenteric vessel and is related to high mortality rates due to systemic complications. This study aims to systematically review the available literature concerning the major findings of possible biomarkers for early detection of acute mesenteric ischemia in the human population. Methods: studies that measured the performance of biomarkers during acute mesenteric ischemia were identified with the search of PubMed, Embase, Medline, and Cochrane library. Results: from a total of 654 articles, 46 articles examining 14 different biomarkers were filtered, falling within our inclusion criteria. Intestinal fatty acid-binding protein (I-FABP) was the most commonly researched biomarker regarding AMI, with sensitivity ranging from 61.5% to 100% and specificity ranging from 40% to 100%. The second most commonly researched biomarker was D-dimer, with a sensitivity of 60–100% and a specificity of 18–85.71%. L-lactate had a sensitivity of 36.6–90.91% and a specificity of 64.29–96%. Several parameters within the blood count were examined as potential markers for AMI, including NLR, PLR, MPV, RDW, DNI, and IG. Citrulline, interleukin 6 (IL-6), and procalcitonin (PCT) were the least-researched biomarkers. Conclusion: different biomarkers showed different accuracies in detecting AMI. I-FABP and D-dimer have been the most researched and shown to be valuable in the diagnosis of AMI, whereas L-lactate could be used as an additional tool. Ischemia-modified albumin (IMA), alpha glutathione S-transferase (αGST), interleukin 6 (IL-6), and citrulline showed potential use in their respective studies. However, further research needs to be done on larger sample sizes and with controls to reduce bias. Several studies showed that neutrophil–lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet–lymphocyte ratio (PLR), mean platelet volume (MPV), red-cell distribution width (RDW), delta neutrophil index (DNI), and immature granulocytes (IGs) might be useful, as well at the same time be widely distributed and affordable in combination with other markers presenting higher specificity and sensitivity.
Immunological challenges during pregnancy : preeclampsia and egg donation

Human pregnancy is an interesting immunological paradox. The fetus is a semi-allograft, carrying paternal and maternal genes but is not rejected by the maternal immune system. The placenta is a key player in maintaining the pregnancy, since this fetus-derived organ is in direct contact with the mother. This thesis describes the results of investigations on the immune regulation at the fetal-maternal interface with emphasis on two immunological challenges during pregnancy. First, preeclampsia, which might be immunologically related to host versus graft disease as seen in solid organ transplantation and second, egg donation (ED) pregnancies, which show that even complete allogeneic fetal allografts can be tolerated by the mother. The immunological mechanisms involved in acceptance of the totally allogeneic fetus in ED pregnancies are not well understood yet. It is possible that it leads to differential immunological regulation. This hypothesis is tested in this thesis. We found differential immunological interactions in successful ED and in preeclamptic pregnancies compared with naturally conceived pregnancies. These results indicate that preeclampsia and ED pregnancies are indeed immunological challenges during pregnancy. It is a scientific challenge to further reveal the immunological mechanisms, contributing to precious information for the fields of immunology, transplantation and obstetrics.