Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Polynya dynamics drive primary production in the Larsen A and B embayments following ice shelf collapse

[1] The climate-driven collapses of the Larsen A and B ice shelves have opened up new regions of the coastal Antarctic to the influence of sea ice resulting in increases in seasonal primary production. In this study, passive microwave remote sensing of sea ice concentration and satellite imagery of ocean color are employed to quantify the magnitude of and variability in open water area and net primary productivity (NPP) in the Larsen embayments between 1997 and 2011. Numerical model output provides context to analyze atmospheric forcing on the coastal ocean. Following ice shelf disintegration the embayments function as coastal, sensible heat polynyas. The Larsen A and B are as productive as other Antarctic shelf regions, with seasonally averaged daily NPP rates reaching 1232 and 1127 mg C m−2 d−1 and annual rates reaching 200 and 184 g C m−2 yr−1, respectively. A persistent cross-shelf gradient in NPP is present with higher productivity rates offshore, contrasting with patterns observed along the West Antarctic Peninsula. Embayment productivity is intimately tied to sea ice dynamics, with large interannual variability in NPP rates driven by open water area and the timing of embayment opening. Opening of the embayment is linked to periods of positive Southern Annular Mode and stronger westerlies, which lead to the vertical deflection of warm, maritime air over the peninsula and down the leeward side causing increases in surface air temperature and wind velocity. High productivity in these new polynyas is likely to have ramifications for organic matter export and marine ecosystem evolution.
The origin and evolution of Tertiary phosphorites from eastern England

Remanié deposits of nodular phosphorite are found at the base of the Coralline Crag (Pliocene) and the Red Crag (Plio-Pleistocene) of Suffolk and Essex. The phosphatic components include phosphorite concretions (nodules), phosphatized vertebrate teeth and bones, and cobbles of sandstone cemented by a phosphatic matrix ('boxstones'). The phosphorite mineral is carbonate fluorapatite (francolite). The source of the phosphorite concretions was the London Clay (Eocene). They formed in unlithified anoxic sediment around sites of organic decay. The source of the 'boxstones' was a Miocene mud-rich sand formation tentatively correlated with the Belgian Anversian. They were formed by concretionary growth in anoxic sediment around sites of organic decay by a similar mechanism to that producing the London Clay concretions. Miocene teeth and bones with a low organic content were phosphatized by an apatite replacement process. This replacement process also enriched the phosphate content of derived phosphatic fossils and phosphorite concretions from the London Clay. Phosphorite formation in eastern England was linked with periods of transgression, while periods of regression were important in concentrating dense phosphatic material as a remanié deposit.
Use of U.S. Croplands for Biofuels Increases Greenhouse Gases Through Emissions from Land-Use Change

Most prior studies have found that substituting biofuels for gasoline will reduce greenhouse gases because biofuels sequester carbon through the growth of the feedstock. These analyses have failed to count the carbon emissions that occur as farmers worldwide respond to higher prices and convert forest and grassland to new cropland to replace the grain (or cropland) diverted to biofuels. By using a worldwide agricultural model to estimate emissions from land-use change, we found that corn-based ethanol, instead of producing a 20% savings, nearly doubles greenhouse emissions over 30 years and increases greenhouse gases for 167 years. Biofuels from switchgrass, if grown on U.S. corn lands, increase emissions by 50%. This result raises concerns about large biofuel mandates and highlights the value of using waste products.
Methane oxidation activity in various soils and freshwater sediments: Occurrence, characteristics, vertical profiles, and distribution on grain size fractions

CH 4 oxidation activities from various soils and freshwater sediments were measured at low (≤2 parts per million by volume (ppmv)) and high (≥1000 ppmv) CH 4 mixing ratios. Most of the tested soils acted as sinks for atmospheric CH 4 . A correlation between the CH 4 oxidation activity and the numbers of methanotrophs was only observed at high (1000 ppmv) CH 4 mixing ratios. This indicates that the counted methanotrophs were not the bacteria which are oxidizing atmospheric CH 4 (≤1.7 ppmv). The CH 4 oxidation was due to prokaryotic microorganisms active only under oxic conditions
Experiencing Physical Warmth Promotes Interpersonal Warmth

“Warmth” is the most powerful personality trait in social judgment, and attachment theorists have stressed the importance of warm physical contact with caregivers during infancy for healthy relationships in adulthood. Intriguingly, recent research in humans points to the involvement of the insula in the processing of both physical temperature and interpersonal warmth (trust) information. Accordingly, we hypothesized that experiences of physical warmth (or coldness) would increase feelings of interpersonal warmth (or coldness), without the person's awareness of this influence. In study 1, participants who briefly held a cup of hot (versus iced) coffee judged a target person as having a “warmer” personality (generous, caring); in study 2, participants holding a hot (versus cold) therapeutic pad were more likely to choose a gift for a friend instead of for themselves.
Enstatite meteorites and their parent bodies

— Enstatite meteorites are highly reduced rocks that consist of major, nearly FeO-free enstatite, variable amounts of metallic Fe, Ni and troilite, and a host of rare minerals formed under highly-reducing conditions. They are comprised of the EH and EL chondrites and the aubrites. Here I discuss some of their properties and the nature and number of their parent bodies. Conclusions: 1. EH and EL chondrites show bulk compositional differences in non-volatile major elements that were established by nebular, not planetary processes. Occurrence of abundant breccias among them but lack of clasts of EL in EH chondrites (and vice versa) suggests that EH and EL chondrites represent two separate parent bodies. 2. Aubrites were not derived from known enstatite chondrites on the same parent bodies. Aubrites represent samples from a third enstatite meteorite parent body. 3. The aubrite parent body may have experienced collisional break-up and gravitational reassembly of the debris into a rubble-pile object. 4. The aubrite source material (parent body) was probably enstatite chondrite-like in composition, but had a higher troilite/metallic Fe, Ni ratio, higher contents of titanium and diopside, and possibly less plagioclase than known enstatite chondrites. 5. Shallowater, the only non-brecciated aubrite, does not appear to have formed on the EH, EL, or aubrite parent bodies by either internal (igneous) or external (impact) melting processes. Instead, Shallowater may be a sample from yet a fourth enstatite meteorite parent body. 6. Shallowater experienced a complex three-stage cooling history, requiring an equally complex mode of origin: collisional break-up of a molten or partly molten body by impact with a solid body, followed by gravitational reassembly. 7. It is unknown why some enstatite meteorite parent bodies melted (the aubrite and Shallowater bodies), and others did not (the EH and EL bodies). If unipolar dynamo induction by a primordial T Tauri sun was the dominant heat source that heated asteroidal-sized bodies in the early Solar System, then the aubrite and Shallowater parent bodies may have melted because they were of intermediate sizes, whereas the EH and EL bodies did not melt because they were either much smaller or much larger.
Holocene Chronology of the Brattforsheden Delta and Inland Dune Field, Sw Sweden

Abstract Brattforsheden is a large glacifluvial deposit in southwestern Sweden and associated with it is one of Sweden’s largest inland dune fields. Although the relative ages of the Brattforsheden depos-its are well known, absolute ages from the area are few. In this study we have used optically stimulat-ed luminescence (OSL), surface exposure (10Be) and radiocarbon (14C) dating to provide an absolute chronology for the deglaciation and for the Holocene development of the aeolian dunes. Our data show that the deglaciation took place just before 11 ka (11.5 ± 0.6 ka OSL, 11.3 ± 0.8 ka 10Be), in line with the 14C-based regional deglaciation age. Aeolian dunes started forming immediately after degla-ciation and were active for at least 2000 years, well after vegetation had established. Renewed aeolian activity occurred 270-180 years ago, resulting in the deposition of sand sheets. Comparison between dating methods and studies of OSL dose distributions show that glacial, glacifluvial and littoral sedi-ments suffer from incomplete bleaching and thus that mean OSL ages from such deposits overesti-mate the true depositional age. By using small aliquots and statistical age models, this effect can part-ly be countered. Also, some of the 10Be ages appear too old, which may be due to previous exposure.
Reptile tracks (Rotodactylus) from the Middle Triassic of the Djurdjura Mountains in Algeria

In 1983, during stratigraphic investigations in the Djurdjura Mountains, vertebrate tracks were discovered in the Middle Triassic Haizer-Akouker Unit at the Belvedcre (Bkherdous) locality in Algeria. The footprints are about 2 cm long and consist of impressions of four clawed digits (I-IV), plus a reverted digit V. Manus imprints were overstepped by those of the pes. Originally interpreted as lizard footprints, they have been recently diagnosed as Rotodactylus cf. bessieri Demathieu 1984. In the current literature, Rotodactylus trackmakers are regarded as a group closest to dinosaurs among stem archosaurs. The footprints demonstrate a terrestrial sedimentary regime in the Maghrebids area during the ? late Anisian.
Experiment study of pore structure effects on velocities in synthetic carbonate rocks

ABSTRACTCarbonate rocks have a complex pore structure, show strong heterogeneity, and have a wide range of velocities that lead to more complicated velocity-porosity relationships compared with sandstones. We designed and prepared 72 carbonate synthetic cores with known pore structures according to the control variate principle. We measured the P- and S-wave velocities of these cores by an ultrasonic pulse transmission method, analyzed the effects of the pore aspect ratio (AR) and pore size d on velocities, and compared the experimental results with predictions of effective medium theories (EMTs). The matrix of our synthetic cores was consolidated mixture of carbonate cuttings and epoxy. We randomly imbedded predesigned penny-shaped silicone disks or expandable polystyrene balls into the matrix during the core preparation process to simulate secondary pores. The experimental results indicated that Han’s empirical linear velocity-porosity relation was a good prediction for cores with only interparticle por.
Shared Genetic Susceptibility to Ischemic Stroke and Coronary Artery Disease

Martin Dichgans, MD*; Rainer Malik, PhD*; Inke R. König, PhD; Jonathan Rosand, MD; Robert Clarke, FRCP; Solveig Gretarsdottir, PhD; Gudmar Thorleifsson, PhD; Braxton D. Mitchell, PhD; Themistocles L. Assimes, MD; Christopher Levi, MD; Christopher J. O ́Donnell, MD; Myriam Fornage, PhD; Unnur Thorsteinsdottir, PhD; Bruce M. Psaty, MD; Christian Hengstenberg, MD; Sudha Seshadri, MD; Jeanette Erdmann, PhD; Joshua C. Bis, PhD; Annette Peters, PhD; Giorgio B. Boncoraglio, MD; Winfried März, MD; James F. Meschia, MD; Sekar Kathiresan, MD; M. Arfan Ikram, MD; Ruth McPherson, FRCPC; Kari Stefansson, MD; Cathie Sudlow, FRCP; Muredach P. Reilly, MB; John R. Thompson, PhD; Pankaj Sharma, PhD; Jemma C. Hopewell, PhD; John C. Chambers, MRCP; Hugh Watkins, FRCP; Peter M. Rothwell, FMedSci; Robert Roberts, MD; Hugh S. Markus, FRCP; Nilesh J. Samani, MD; Martin Farrall, FRCPath; Heribert Schunkert, MD; the METASTROKE Consortium; the CARDIoGRAM consortium; the C4D consortium; the International Stroke Genetics Consortium
The Effects of Gridding Algorithms on the Statistical Moments and Their Trends of Daily Surface Air Temperature

AbstractThis paper explores the effects from averaging weather station data onto a grid on the first four statistical moments of daily minimum and maximum surface air temperature (SAT) anomalies over the entire globe. The Global Historical Climatology Network–Daily (GHCND) and the Met Office Hadley Centre GHCND (HadGHCND) datasets from 1950 to 2010 are examined. The GHCND station data exhibit large spatial patterns for each moment and statistically significant moment trends from 1950 to 2010, indicating that SAT probability density functions are non-Gaussian and have undergone characteristic changes in shape due to decadal variability and/or climate change. Comparisons with station data show that gridded averages always underestimate observed variability, particularly in the extremes, and have altered moment trends that are in some cases opposite in sign over large geographic areas. A statistical closure approach based on the quasi-normal approximation is taken to explore SAT’s higher-order moments and po.
Space–time Antarctic surface mass-balance variability from climate models

Abstract The interannual to interdecadal variability and space–time statistics (including radius of decorrelation) of the Antarctic surface mass balance (SMB) are evaluated from climate models and meteorological analyses. At model resolution scales (>100 km), the interannual relative standard deviation of precipitation ranges from ∼5% (remotest interior) to ∼40% and possibly more. Time variability is spatially coherent at distances of ∼500km on average, less than 300 km in the interior near ridges, but in excess of 700 km in some regions. As far as spatial distributions are concerned, interannual statistics can be broadly transposed to interdecadal time-scales. The amplitude of variability may also be extrapolated across time-scales, using a ‘white’ spectrum hypothesis according to one coupled ocean– atmosphere model, but a significantly ‘red’ spectrum hypothesis according to another. Surface sublimation and blowing-snow processes are estimated to have limited contributions to the statistics of the SMB at model-resolved scales. Precipitation statistics can thus largely be transposed to SMB. The information reported here is expected to be useful for defining the details of field programmes such as the International Trans-Antarctic Scientific Expedition (ITASE), for extrapolating the spatial significance of field SMB data and for better interpreting Antarctic ice-sheet surface elevation changes from satellite altimetry.
Storm-driven cusp behaviour on a high energy gravel beach

ABSTRACT Poate, T.G. , Masselink, G. , McCall, R.T. , Russell, P.E. , Davidson, M.A., 2014. Storm-driven cusp behaviour on a high energy gravel beach. In: Green, A.N. and Cooper, J.A. G. (eds.), Proceedings 13th International Coastal Symposium (Durban, South Africa), Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 70, pp. 645–650, ISSN 0749-0208. Gravel and mixed sand-gravel beaches are characterised by steep reflective profiles which provide effective forms of wave absorption and therefore coastal defence to many mid-latitude regions, including northwestern Europe and North America. In the UK the combination of energetic wave conditions and large tides creates very dynamic and responsive morphology often dominated by cuspate features. Recent storm-responsive field campaigns at Loe Bar, Cornwall, UK, have captured highly energetic wave conditions (Hs = 2.5–5.8 m) using temporary video camera installations, low tide 3D topographic surveys with real time kinematic GPS, local tide level measurements and inshore directional wave data. Characterised by fine gravel (D50 = 3 mm) and a steep reflective profile (tanβ = 0.118), the barrier at Loe Bar is exposed to an annual 10% exceedence significant wave height Hs10% of 2.4 m arriving predominantly from the southwest (Atlantic Ocean) and shore-normal to the beach. Under medium-wave conditions (Hs = 2–3 m), contrasting cusp behaviour was recorded with accretion and erosion, principally, through horn growth and decay (bed-level change Δz = c. 1 m). During more energetic conditions (Hs = 5.8 m), the morphological response is more consistent and the waves drive erosion of the lower profile causing bed-level changes over a tide in excess of 1.5 m. Very rapid recovery to pre-storm bed levels is observed with defined cusp evolution occurring within 12 hours during the falling limb of the storm as incident wave energy decreases. The unique gravel cusp dataset suggests free behavior due to cusp morphodynamic feedback, rather than hydrodynamic forcing, plays an dominant role in cusp evolution.
Epidemiological profile of tuberculosis cases reported among health care workers at the University Hospital in Vitoria, Brazil.

OBJECTIVE To describe the epidemiological profile of tuberculosis cases reported among health care workers in the Tuberculosis Control Program of the Cassiano Antonio of Moraes University Hospital in Vitoria, Brazil. METHODS A retrospective descriptive study of secondary data was conducted between 2002 and 2006. RESULTS Twenty-five cases of health care workers with tuberculosis were reported: 8 in nursing technicians (32%); 4 in doctors (16%); 3 in nurses (12%); 2 in radiology technicians (8%) and 8 in professionals from other categories (32%). Of those 25 health care workers, 14 (56%) were male and 11 (44%) were female. The incidence of the disease was highest among those from 35 to 39 years of age. The predominant clinical presentation was extrapulmonary (12 cases, 48%), followed by pulmonary (11 cases, 44%) and a combination of the two (2 cases, 8%). Regarding comorbidities, AIDS, alcoholism and smoking, respectively, were present in 33.3% of the study population. Outcomes were as follows: 22 cases of cure (88%); 2 transfers (8%); and 1 death (4%). The proportion of health care workers diagnosed with tuberculosis in the period studied was 2.53%. CONCLUSIONS The results show the need for heath care workers who work in the tuberculosis control program to fill out the field "professional occupation" on the tuberculosis case registry database reporting forms. In addition, this situation draws attention to the need to implement an occupational tuberculosis control program.
Metamorphic Environments around the Cretaceous Kurihashi Pluton in the Kitakami Mountains, NE Japan: in Comparison to the Ganidake Pluton ‐ Kamaishi Skarn Metasomatism

Abstract. Many granitic plutons of Early Cretaceous age are intruded on various scales in the Kitakami Mountains. The stock‐type Ganidake pluton accompanies enormous Fe‐Cu mineralization of the Kamaishi deposits, whereas the Kurihashi pluton accompanies less mineralization. To elucidate the cause of these differences, the metamorphic conditions and redox state of the contact metamorphic aureole around the Kurihashi pluton have been examined by the petrochemical study and gas analysis of the metamorphic rocks.
Water balance analysis for the Tonle Sap Lake–floodplain system

The Tonle Sap Lake of Cambodia is the largest freshwater body of Southeast Asia, forming an important part of the Mekong River system. The lake has an extremely productive ecosystem and operates as a natural floodwater reservoir for the lower Mekong Basin, offering flood protection and assuring the dry season flow to the Mekong Delta. In light of the accelerating pace of water resources development within the Mekong Basin and the anticipation of potentially significant hydrological impacts, it is critical to understand the overall hydrologic regime of Tonle Sap Lake. We present here a detailed water balance model based on observed data of discharges from the lake's tributaries, discharge between Mekong and the lake through the Tonle Sap River, precipitation, and evaporation. The overland flow between the Mekong and lake was modelled with the EIA 3D hydrodynamic model. We found that majority (53.5%) of the water originates from the Mekong mainstream, but the lake's tributaries also play an important role contributing 34% of the annual flow, while 12.5% is derived from precipitation. The water level in the lake is mainly controlled by the water level in the Mekong mainstream. The Tonle Sap system is hence very vulnerable, from a water quantity point of view, to possible changes in the Mekong mainstream and thus, development activities in the whole Mekong basin. From a biogeochemical point of view, the possible changes in the lake's own catchment are equally important, together with the changes in the whole Mekong Basin. Based on our findings, we recommend of continuing the monitoring programmes in lake's tributaries and urgently starting of groundwater measurement campaign within the floodplain, and including the groundwater modelling to be part of the hydrodynamic models applied for the lake. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Epidemiological Associations of Hearing Impairment and Health Among a National Cohort of 87 134 Adults in Thailand

Studies on socioeconomic and epidemiological effects of hearing impairment in middle-income countries of Southeast Asia are still quite scarce. This study examines the association between hearing impairment and health outcomes in Thailand. Data derived from a cohort of 87 134 Open University adults aged 15 to 87 years residing throughout Thailand. Approximately 8.5% of cohort members reported trouble hearing and 0.13% reported being deaf. After adjusting for age and gender, poor self-assessed health was strongly associated with some trouble hearing (odds ratio [OR] = 2.70, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.48-2.93) and deafness (OR = 3.08, 95% CI = 1.73-5.50). Population attributable fractions for hearing impairment were 12.9% for poor self-assessed health, 9.8% for poor psychological health, 3.3% for metabolic disorders, and 4.1% for cardiovascular conditions. More attention needs to be paid on hearing impairment with regular check-ups and early detections.
Congenital Unilateral Absence of the Vas Deferens as an Incidental Finding

Congenital unilateral absence of the vas deferens (CUAVD) is a disorder affecting up to 1% of males. As these patients are often asymptomatic the diagnosis is usually made incidentally in the context of imaging studies performed for other indications or during urologic surgical procedures like vasectomy or radical prostatectomy. Besides a potential clinical manifestation in terms of infertility due to obstructive azoospermia, CUAVD gains clinical importance because of its association with renal anomalies as well as mutations of the CFTR gene. Here we describe the case of a patient who was diagnosed with CUAVD during radical prostatectomy, review the currently available literature and give recommendations on the clinical management of patients with CUAVD.
Brain activation during a social attribution task in adolescents with moderate to severe traumatic brain injury

Brain activation during a social attribution task in adolescents with moderate to severe traumatic brain injury Randall S. Scheibel a b , Mary R. Newsome a b , Elisabeth A. Wilde a b c d , Michelle M. McClelland e f , Gerri Hanten b , Daniel C. Krawczyk e f g , Lori G. Cook e , Zili D. Chu c h , Ana C. Vásquez b , Ragini Yallampalli a b , Xiaodi Lin a b , Jill V. Hunter c h & Harvey S. Levin a b d