Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Robust Design for IRS-Aided C-RAN With Constrained Wireless Fronthaul Links

In this paper, an intelligent reflecting surface (IRS)-aided downlink cloud radio access network (C-RAN) is studied, wherein the baseband unit (BBU) pool communicates with the users through multiple remote radio heads (RRH). Specifically, the IRSs are deployed to assist both the wireless fronthaul link and the user access link. Due to the limitation of the fronthaul capacity, the BBU pool deals with the baseband signals by point-to-point compression or multivariate compression and sends the quantization bits to the RRHs via the fronthaul link. Considering the imperfect channel state information (CSI) for both the conventional direct channel and the IRS cascaded channel, we investigate the robust design by jointly optimizing the transmit beamformers for BBU pool and RRHs, the passive beamformer for IRSs and the fronthaul compression under point-to-point compression and multivariate compression, respectively. Specifically, we derive the closed-form user downlink rate and the achievable rate for the wireless fronthaul under imperfect CSI. To tackle the non-convex problem, we adopt the successive convex approximation (SCA) approach and transform it into a tractable form. Then utilizing the alternating optimization (AO) approach, we divide the transformed problem into three sub-problems which can be efficiently solved. Furthermore, since the fronthaul link and access link work on time division duplex (TDD) mode, we also discuss the joint optimization taking the time allocation into consideration. Finally, via numerical results, the effectiveness of the proposed robust design is verified.
An Insight into Deep Learning based Cryptojacking Detection Model

To autonomously identify cyber threats is a non-trivial research topic. One area where this is most apparent is in the evolution of evasive cyber assaults, which are becoming better at masking their existence and obscuring their attack methods (for example, file-less malware). Particularly stealthy Advanced Persistent Threats may hide out in the system for a long time without being spotted. This study presents a novel method, dubbed CapJack, for identifying illicit bitcoin mining activity in a web browser by using cutting-edge CapsNet technology. Thus far, it is aware that deep learning framework CapsNet is pertained to the problem of detecting malware effectively using a heuristic based on system behaviour. Even more, in multitasking situations when several apps are all active at the same time, it is possible to identify fraudulent miners with greater efficiency.
Regularity of solutions for spatially homogeneous Boltzmann equation without angular cutoff : non Maxwellian molecule type (Mathematical Analysis in Fluid and Gas Dynamics)

The spatially homogeneous Boltzmann equation without angular cutoff is discussed on the regularity of solutions for the modified hard potential and Debye-Yukawa potential. When the angular singularity of the cross section is moderate, any weak solution having the finite mass, energy and entropy lies in the Sobolev space of infinite order for any positive time, while for the general potentials, it lies in the Schwartz space if it has moments of arbitrary order. The main ingredients of the proof are the suitable choice of the mollifiers composed of pseudo-differential operators and the sharp estimates of the commutators of the Boltzmann collision operator and pseudo-differential operators. The method developed here also provides some new estimates on the collision operator.
Does Computer Adaptive Curriculum Enhance Students' Achievement in Math? A Quasi-Experimental Study

This study evaluates the effects of a computer-adaptive curriculum on students’ math achievement in kindergarten through third grade. Istation ’s computer-adaptive curriculum was a treatment, and Istation’s Indicators of Progress ( ISIP ™) Math assessments were used to measure student s’ math achievement. Data were collected in the 2019-2020 school year under a quasi-experimental research setting. Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) results show that the use of computer-adaptive curriculum makes a measurable difference in students’ achi evement in math. Students who spent more time on computer-adaptive curriculum outperformed students who spent less time or no time on computer-adaptive curriculum across grades. Students in lower grades (kindergarten and first grade) had significantly higher gain scores than students in higher grades (second and third grades).
Free Search and Particle Swarm Optimisation applied to Non-constrained Test

This article presents an evaluation of Particle Swarm Optimisation (PSO) with variable inertia weight and Free Search (FS) with variable neighbour space applied to nonconstrained numerical test. The objectives are to assess how high convergence speed reflects on adaptation to various test problems and to identify possible balance between convergence speed and adaptation, which allows the algorithms to complete successfully the process of search on heterogeneous tasks with limited computational resources within a reasonable finite time and with acceptable for engineering purposes precision. Modification strategies of both algorithms are compared in terms of their ability for search space exploration. Five numerical tests are explored. Achieved experimental results are presented and analysed.
Emergent spacetime, and a model for unitary gravitational collapse in AdS

We propose a CFT unitary description of the gravitational collapse. The starting point is the model of a black hole in AdS proposed by Maldacena in arXiv: 0106112 [hep-th]. We show that by proposing a two-copies version of the AdS/CFT conjecture, the process of formation of black holes so as other spacetimes with horizons may be described as an unitary process in the dual field theory. In doing this, we construct a well defined framework to describe general spacetimes as entangled states, in terms of the spectrum of states on the exact Anti-de-Sitter background. As application, we show how the description of the Hawking-Page transition results simplified in this formalism and some novel aspects may be observed. Finally, a simplified analysis based on weakly coupled bulk fields is discussed.
Israeli global mobile families returning home: children’s social-cultural identities in transition

ABSTRACT This study used interviews and image-based associations with ten Israeli families (mothers and children) who had undertaken long-term work-related journeys lasting between six and nine years, during which they lived in at least two countries before returning to Israel. We explored their experiences and their children's socio-cultural pattern of identity formation both before and after returning to Israel. We distinguished four consecutive stages in the children’s identity formation. Each stage is characterized by a distinct socio-cultural pattern (mastery abroad, adjustment to returning home, shock and disappointment, and finally a sense of inner confidence and peace) and a matching identity (global-international, glocal-international, glocal-Israeli, and local-Israeli). The first two stages reflect the children’s time in the host countries, and the last two relate to their integration after returning to Israel. The results of this study are positioned in a broader context using two theoretical lenses – the U-Curve Theory of Adjustment and the Cultural Identity Framework. The combination of these two led us to come up with a fresh conceptualization (the GALUT model) to reflect the international-Israeli experience of the “relocation graduates’” return to Israel, which may contribute to the understanding of similar processes among children in various international contexts.
Fitting Procedure to Reconstruct the Size Distribution and the Concentration of Silver Colloidal Nanoparticles from UV-Vis Spectra

In this work, a complete fitting procedure of UV-Vis spectra of silver nanoparticles in colloidal solutions is reported. The fitting function, based on the Beer–Lambert law, Mie theory, and log-normal probability distribution of nanoparticles’ sizes, is developed and confirmed by 33 different independent measurements. In order to validate the accuracy of the function’s behavior on different spectra, freely accessible measurements were used, proving that the fitting function works independently of the method of their production—laser or chemical synthesis of nanoparticles. The developed fitting function is, to the best of our knowledge, novel and not based on any conventional spectral analysis approaches like the Mie–Gans procedure. Furthermore, since fitted parameters are all physical, it allows determination of the mode diameter of nanoparticles as well as the standard deviation of the log-normal distribution of sizes. It enables the reconstruction of size distribution of nanoparticles in colloidal solution. Step-by-step derivation of the fitting function is provided with a physical explanation of all parameters. The importance of Lorentzian dependence emerging at the core of Beer–Lambert law is physically discussed and linked to harmonic oscillator behavior of localized surface plasmon resonance of silver nanoparticles in a colloidal solution. Size distribution reconstruction from fitted parameters according to a log-normal distribution function is provided and a concentration calculation is presented.
K3 surfaces over finite fields with given L-function

The zeta function of a K3 surface over a finite field satisfies a number of obvious (archimedean and l-adic) and a number of less obvious (p-adic) constraints. We consider the converse question, in the style of Honda-Tate: given a function Z satisfying all these constraints, does there exist a K3 surface whose zeta-function equals Z? Assuming semi-stable reduction, we show that the answer is yes if we allow a finite extension of the finite field. An important ingredient in the proof is the construction of complex projective K3 surfaces with complex multiplication by a given CM field.
Evolution of Pulverized Fault Zone Rocks by Dynamic Tensile Loading During Successive Earthquakes

Large strike‐slip faults experience numerous earthquakes during which transient tensile and compressive mean normal stress perturbations travel along opposing sides of the fault. Research exploring dynamic rock fracture through multiple earthquake cycles has focused predominantly on transient compressive loading, but little is known about off‐fault damage development due to successive tensile loading. We investigate damage accumulation by transient tensile loading over multiple earthquake cycles using a modified sample configuration for uniaxial compressive loading apparatuses consisting of a Westerly granite rock disk bonded to two lead disks. We show that fracture density increases during each successive loading cycle, and pulverized rock can be produced under tension at strain rates as low as 10−3 s−1. Therefore, pulverized rock can form at low strain rates, and its texture and extent may be controlled by the size of the coseismic tensile stress perturbation and the number of slip events on the fault.
Observations and Theory of Star Cluster Formation

o o o o o o o o oo o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o Y ung stars f rm n a wide range f scales, pr ducing aggregates and clusters with vari us degrees f gravitati nal self-binding. The l se aggregates have a hierarchical structure in b th space and time that resembles interstellar turbulence, suggesting that these stars f rm in nly a few turbulent cr ssing times with p siti ns that map ut the previ us gas distributi n. Dense clusters, n the ther hand, are ften well mixed, as if self-gravitati nal m ti n has erased the initial fine structure. Nevertheless, s me f the y ungest dense clusters als sh w subclumping, s it may be that all stellar clustering is related t turbulence. S me f the densest clusters may als be triggered. The evidence f r mass segregati n f the stars inside clusters is reviewed, al ng with vari us explanati ns f r this effect. Other aspects f the the ry f cluster f rmati n are reviewed as well, including many specific pr p sals f r cluster f rmati n mechanisms. The c nditi ns f r the f rmati n f b und clusters are discussed. Critical star f rmati n efficiencies can be as l w as 10% if the gas rem val pr cess is sl w and if the stars are b rn at subvirial speeds. Envir nmental c nditi ns, particularly pressure, may affect the fracti n and masses f clusters that end up b und. Gl bular clusters may f rm like n rmal pen clusters but in c nditi ns that prevailed during the f rmati n f the hal and bulge, r in interacting and starburst galaxies t day. Vari us the ries f r the f rmati n f gl bular clusters are summarized.
The Psychological Relieving Effect of Drug Provocation Test in Drug Hypersensitivity

Purpose Drug hypersensitivity is an adverse drug reaction mediated by immunological mechanisms and is accompanied by a significant socioeconomic burden. The drug provocation test (DPT) is the gold standard for drug allergy diagnosis; however, a standardized protocol does not exist. This study aimed to investigate the effects of psychological relief from DPT in patients with drug hypersensitivity. Patients and Methods A total of 46 patients who had experienced drug hypersensitivity were administered DPT after admission to our clinic at Dong-A University Hospital and asked to complete the questionnaires before and after DPT. Anxiety and depressive symptom levels were assessed using the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI)-II, respectively. Results There was a significant decrease in the BAI and BDI-II scores after DPT than before DPT, respectively (BAI: 10.22 ± 10.75 vs 7.26 ± 6.95, P=0.025; BDI-II: 13.00 ± 7.92 vs 11.17 ± 7.80, P = 0.019). Twenty-two patients with non-anaphylactic drug hypersensitivity showed a significant decrease in the BDI-II scores after DPT (11.50 ± 7.60 vs 9.50 ± 5.98, P = 0.009), but not in the BAI scores (8.45 ± 7.41 vs 6.18 ± 4.58, P = 0.127). However, there were no statistically significant differences in the BDI-II and BAI scores before and after DPT (BAI: 11.83 ± 13.05 vs 8.25 ± 8.56, P = 0.664; BDI-II: 14.38 ± 8.11 vs 12.71 ± 9.01, P = 0.215) in 24 patients with anaphylaxis. Conclusion DPT may reduce the psychological burden in patients with drug hypersensitivity, especially in those without anaphylaxis.
Acrophialophora jodhpurensis: an endophytic plant growth promoting fungus with biocontrol effect against Alternaria alternata

In this study, efficiency of the endophytic fungal isolate Msh5 was evaluated on promoting tomato plant growth and controlling Alternaria alternata, the causal agent of early blight in tomatoes. Morphological and molecular (ITS and tub2 sequences) analyses revealed that the fungal isolate, Msh5, was Acrophialophora jodhpurensis (Chaetomium jodhpurense Lodha). This beneficial fungus was capable of producing indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), urease, siderophore, extracellular enzymes, and solubilized phosphate. Under laboratory conditions, the Msh5 isolate of A. jodhpurensis inhibited A. alternata growth in dual culture, volatile and non-volatile metabolites assays. The supernatant of this endophytic fungus was capable of reducing spore germination and altering the hyphal structure of A. alternata and the spores produced germ tubes showed vacuolization and abnormal structure compared to the control. Also, the effect of A. jodhpurensis on plant growth parameters (such as shoot and root weight and length) and suppressing A. alternata was investigated in vivo via seed inoculation with spores of A. jodhpurensis using 1% sugar, 0.5% carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) or 0.5% molasses solution as stickers. Colonization of tomato roots by the endophytic fungus resulted in significant increasing plant growth parameters and reduction in the progress of the diseases caused by A. alternata compared to the controls. Among the different coating materials used as stickers, sugar was found to be the most effective for enhancing plant growth parameters and decreasing the disease progress. Therefore, A. jodhpurensis isolate Msh5 can be suggested as a potential biofertilizer and biocontrol agent for protecting tomato plants against A. alternata.
Believing Processes during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Qualitative Analysis

Cognition, emotion, emotional regulation, and believing play a special role in psychosocial functioning, especially in times of crisis. So far, little is known about the process of believing during the COVID-19 pandemic. The aim of this study was to examine the process of believing (using the Model of Credition) and the associated psychosocial strain/stress during the first lockdown in the COVID-19 pandemic. An online survey via LimeSurvey was conducted using the Brief Symptom Inventory-18 (BSI-18), the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), and a dedicated Believing Questionnaire, which assesses four parameters of credition (propositions, certainty, emotion, mightiness) between April and June, 2020, in Austria. In total, n = 156 mentally healthy participants completed all questionnaires. Negative credition parameters were associated with higher global symptom load (from BSI-18): narratives: r = 0.29, p < 0.001; emotions r = 0.39, p < 0.001. These findings underline the importance of credition as a link between cognition and emotion and their impact on psychosocial functioning and stress regulation in implementing novel strategies to promote mental health.
Water Surface Mapping from Sentinel-1 Imagery Based on Attention-UNet3+: A Case Study of Poyang Lake Region

The mapping of water surfaces is important for water resource and flood monitoring. Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) images can be used to monitor water bodies and detect floods over large areas. To address the problem of low identification accuracy in different time phases and different scales of water area, a water surface mapping method based on Attention-UNet3+ with SAR images is proposed in this paper. In the model, full-scale skip connections are introduced for combining feature maps from different scales and improving the accuracy of narrow water identification; the spatial attention module is used to obtain the importance of each connected feature, which can reduce the number of false alarms caused by speckle noise and water shadows in SAR data; the deep supervision module is used to learn hierarchical representative features from comprehensive aggregated feature maps to provide the periodic output capability of the model and meet the needs of rapid and large-scale water identification. The effectiveness of Attention-UNet3+ is verified by experiments in the Poyang Lake region with Sentinel-1 SAR images. The results show that the proposed Attention-UNet3+ outperforms the conventional threshold segmentation and deep learning models such as UNet, Deepvlabv3+, and SegNet, with an average IOU/Kappa value of 0.9502/0.9698. Multitemporal Sentinel-1 images in 2021 covering Poyang Lake are used for time series water surface mapping with the proposed method, and it is found that the detected water area of Poyang Lake has a good correlation with the corresponding water level values at observation stations. The Pearson coefficients are about 0.96. The above results indicate that the proposed method achieves good water surface mapping performance.
The Pandemic as a Soundtrack for the Dissertation Journey: Obtaining Flow During Unprecedented Times

The purpose of this mixed methods study was to investigate the experiences of practitioner-scholars as they conducted their dissertations amidst the COVID-19 pandemic; the methodology utilized surveys at four time points across a 1-year span. Findings indicated increased impacts as the pandemic progressed, as well as both negative and positive pandemic impacts related to flow, as measured by the Work-Related Flow Inventory (WOLF). These impacts largely depended on the doctoral students’ personal and work life situations, indicating a need for doctoral programs to provide individualized support as students progress through their dissertation journeys, particularly during times of crisis.
The evolution of low-mass close binary systems. III. 1. 50 M/sub sun/+0. 50 M/sub sun/: Unsteady mass loss and shrinking secondaries

The evolution of a binary system of 1.50 M/sub sun/ and 0.50 M/sub sun/ components with initial separation 3.00 R/sub sun/ is computed. In the computation, both components are followed simultaneously.The more massive component (primary) fills its Roche lobe during core hydrogen burning (case A evolution), and mass transfer quickly grows to a typical thermal time scale rate (approx.1.1 x 10/sup -7/ M/sub sun/ yr/sup -1/). The primary's rapid decrease in mass and its underluminosity lead to the growth of an abnormally deep surface convection zone, preventing stabilization of the mass loss rate. Runaway (dynamical time scale) mass loss develops, reaching 1.5 x 10/sup -4/ M/sub sun/ yr/sup -1/. This rate is itself unsteady because of a Bath-type mechanism. Two runaway episodes occur, leaving a 0.67 M/sub sun/+1.33 M/sub sun/ binary still in a semidetached state.The deep convective envelope of the secondary dominates its evolution, leading to contraction in response to accretion, and avoidance of contact. The rapid compression of the secondary's core during dynamical time scale mass transfer causes runaway hydrogen burning, driving large-scale convection which ultimately mixes the star completely.The behavior of the system modeled, and the absence of observational counterparts to it, are interpreted as supporting themore » fission theory of the origin of close binaries, and as indicating that most W UMa systems have always been contact binaries. « less
Fixed Effects Regression Models

About the Author Series Editor's Introduction 1. Introduction 2. Linear Fixed Effects Models: Basics 3. Fixed Effects Logistic Models 4. Fixed Effects Models for Count Data 5. Fixed Effects Models for Events History Data 6. Structural Equation Models With Fixed Effects Appendix 1 Appendix 2 References Author Index Subject Index
A questionnaire development to assess the social representation of nurses in the Basque Country: a psychometric assessment

Background Only a few Spanish studies have explored how nurses are seen by society and no validated tools exist for this purpose in the scientific literature. Objectives The aim was create and evaluate the psychometric characteristics of a questionnaire that explored the social representation of nursing in social and health care. Methods Qualitative and quantitative methods were used to develop the questionnaire and the first version was created based on existing studies. A three-round Delphi technique was used that involved nurses, doctors, journalists and a politician. The pilot questionnaire was then tested and retested with 23 journalism students, with an interval of 10–14 days between the two phases. After further modifications, the questionnaire was sent to all the third and fourth year journalism students at the University of the Basque Country. Principal component factor analysis was used to identify the key components for the questionnaire. Results A total of 141 third and fourth year journalism students took part in the study. The internal consistency of the 43-item perception section of the questionnaire had a Cronbach’s alpha value of 0.90. The 42.7% agreed or strongly agreed that nursing was an eminently scientific profession and 26.3% agreed or strongly agreed with the statement that nurses were presented in the media as health educators and disseminators. Just under a fifth (19.9%) agreed with the statement that society was aware of the competencies that nurses required. Conclusions The questionnaire provided the first validated tool that allowed researchers to assess how nursing, and all of its areas of professional development, were perceived by society. This could enable studies to assess the evolution of the profession over time and between different socio-cultural contexts.