Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Collins Guide to the Sea Fishes of Britain and North-Western Europe, by B. J. Muus and P. Dahlstrom. Collins, £2.95

It is pleasant to be able to welcome the arrival of a book which is actually cheaper to buy than its appearance would suggest, despite copious colour illustrations. These, by the distinguished Danish illustrator Preben Dahlstrom, are undoubtedly the book's main attraction; they are some of the best of European fishes ever produced accurate, correctly coloured, and suggesting the living fish. His presentation too is interesting. The whole fish is represented, and little vignettes show hooks, the species' food, the canned product, and occasionally witty little sketches, as of the wistful looking cat beneath a huge tunny! As a result Bent Muus's text, ably translated by Dr Gwynne Vevers, is rather overshadowed but more space has been found for it than in the original Danish edition (by using smaller type), and the species accounts are longer. Dr Vevers has also updated the scientific nomenclature. Two minor errors here are Gadus morrhua, instead of G. morhua, for the cod and Gobius minutus for the very abundant sand goby where the Danish edition gave it (correctly) as Pomatoschistus minutus. As a guide to the fish fauna of the coasts of Denmark this is as excellent a book as one could ask for, and it serves very well for North Sea fishes. But to claim that it is a valid guide for North-west Europe is a false pretence, for which the Danish publishers are responsible. The four pages devoted to gobies show six species dealt with in detail and three others merely mentioned but at least 16 species are found round the British Isles. Montagu's blenny, common in the western English Channel and on the western Irish coast, is dismissed in two lines of text, and the illustration is a parody of this beautiful little fish, owing a lot to Francis Day's (1881) widely-copied but inaccurate illustration. These examples could be multiplied many times over, but they serve to show that the book is far from adequate as a guide to the British fish. A number of commercially exploited crustaceans and molluscs are included, also with excellent illustrations, and the book concludes with an account of the history of fishing and the development of fishing techniques both interesting, and models of compression. ALWYNE WHEELER
Early mobilisation after transfemoral catheterisation is not associated with increased vascular incidents, and reduces back pain

Context While bed rest has been shown to be beneficial in the period following diagnostic transfemoral catheterisation, accumulating evidence suggests a shorter bed rest period may be as effective at preventing vascular complications (eg, bleeding and haematoma) as a longer one. A prolonged duration of bed rest may also be associated with more discomfort, patient dissatisfaction, back pain, voiding problems and groin site pain. 3 No conclusion has been made regarding the optimal bed rest period because definitions of early and late ambulation vary considerably among studies. This review evaluated all known interventional studies assessing the effect of the duration of bed rest after transfemoral catheterisation on the incidence of vascular complications.
Morfologia dos vasos da base do encéfalo do quati (Nasua nasua)

The morphology of the brain of coati, Nasua nasua, was studied, to compare the findings with other species described. The brains of five coatis were used, proceeding from the Scientific Breeding School (Cecrimpas), Unifeob. The animals were sacrificed in accordance with the legislation (Cobea). With a needle, the common carotid artery and the external jugular vein was cannulated to cranial direction, injected latex solution stained with colored red barium respectively. Afterwards the animals were fixed in 10% formaldehyde solution. Brain has its dependent nutrition of four arteries, the internal carotid arteries and the right and left vertebral arteries. These vessels had composed the basal and carotid circuits that anastomose through the cerebral arteries volumes. They run in the base of the brain under piamater meninges.
Changing the Course of Biodiversity Conservation in the Caatinga of Northeastern Brazil

Abstract: The 735,000‐km2 Caatinga is a mosaic of thorn scrub and seasonally dry forests, with more than 2000 species of vascular plants, fishes, reptiles, amphibians, birds, and mammals. Endemism in these groups varies from 7% to 57%. Inappropriate land use has already caused serious environmental damage and accelerating desertification, which is currently threatening about 15% of the region. Moreover, the rich and diversified biota of the Caatinga is poorly protected: only 11 reserves (<1% of the region) are strictly protected areas. A conservation strategy for the Caatinga biota should be designed to (1) avoid further habitat loss and desertification, (2) maintain key ecological services necessary for improving the living standards of the rural population, and (3) promote the sustainable use of the region's natural resources. Implementing an effective conservation agenda for the Caatinga is not an easy task but, with creativity and consistent financial support, it should be possible to nurture this unique biome and guarantee the preservation of its rich and diversified fauna and flora, and, with this, the well‐being of its rural populations.
The taxonomy and nomenclature of the wheats, barleys, and ryes and their wild relatives.

The correct name for the tribe that contains the wheats, barleys, and ryes and their wild relatives is TRITICEAE Dumort. The genus Triticum L. emend. is treated to include both the diploid, allotetraploid, and allohexaploid wheats (Triticum L.), and the diploid species and the allotetraploid and allohexaploid species of interspecific hybrid origin that were formerly placed in the genus Aegilops L. In the geuus Triticum L. emend. , there are 10 diploid species; one allotetraploid wheat species of hybrid origin (T. turgidum L. emend.) which includes many cultivars, three botanical varieties, and one auto-allohexaploid form; one allohexaploid wheat (T. × aestivum L. emend.) which is a hybrid complex that includes many cultivars; 10 other allotetraploid or allohexaploid species of interspecific hybrid origin; and numerous other artificial and natural interspecific hybrids. Section HORDEUM of the genus Hordeum L. contains the cultivated barleys and their wild relatives which are all classified under one species.
Mitochondrial DNA variation in Atlantic and Pacific walruses

We used restriction enzyme analysis of polymerase chain reaction amplified mitochondrial DNA to assess genetic differentiation of two subspecies of walruses: Atlantic walruses (Odobenus rosmarus rosmarus) from Greenland and Pacific walruses (O. r. divergens) from the Chukchi Sea. Each subspecies has distinct monophyletic mitochondrial DNA haplotypes. Mitochondrial DNA sequence divergence between Atlantic and Pacific subspecies was 1.0–1.6%. Several haplotypes were observed for each subspecies. Haplotype frequencies varied among sampling locations of Atlantic walruses, suggesting that mitochondrial DNA may be useful for walrus stock identification.
Density-Dependent Interactions Between Hydrilla verticillata (L.F.) Royle and Phytoplankton: A Mesocosm Experiment

The management of submerged macrophytes is regarded as a potential method to control algal blooms. However, cell densities in algal blooms often have a wide range. Understanding interactions between varying phytoplankton cell densities and submerged macrophytes may help to develop conservation strategies. In this study, we investigated the density-dependent interactions between the submerged macrophyte Hydrilla verticillata (L.F.) Royle and the varying concentrations of phytoplankton in an enclosed environment. Our results showed that H. verticillata controlled the density of phytoplankton in the system that maintained it at approximately 30% of the initial level, promoted high phytoplankton diversity, and attained greater biomass and plant length in the low initial phytoplankton density treatment (7.5 × 106 cells/L). In the systems without H. verticillata, phytoplankton multiplied to a density by approximately ninefolds of the initial level during the experiment period, and a number of Bacillariophyta and Chlorophyta species disappeared, which indicated decreased phytoplankton diversity. When the initial phytoplankton density was high (1.9 × 108 cells/L), H. verticillata did not effectively control phytoplankton cell density and the presence of H. verticillata did not significantly influence the final phytoplankton cell density or species composition, while the proportion of Microcystis spp. was increased. High cell density phytoplankton conditions had a negative effect on the biomass and length of H. verticillata. Initial phytoplankton cell density is an important factor that needs to be considered for predicting whether submerged macrophyte planting could inhibit the algal bloom.
Population fluctuations and habitat selection in the Eurasian red squirrel Sciurus vulgaris

The population fluctuations of Eurasian red squirrel Sciurus vulgaris during ten winters showed a strong relation to Norway spruce Picea abres cone crop one year before Neither, Scots pme Pinus sylvestris cone crop nor mean temperature in December and January had an additional significant effect on the fluctuations The one-year time-lag between the good spruce cone crop and mcreased red squirrel density suggests that the rich food supply first mcrease the winter survival and then the reproductive success The highest density-index of red squirrels was found m old forest dominated by Norway spruce (mean density-index 34 km−2) This habitat was also occupied in all 10 winters Other habitats with lower densities were occupied in fewer winters The vanation in density-index was also highest in this habitat indicating that the dispersion of red squirrel individuals in different habitats follow the food supply
Alteração em atributos fisicos de um solo sob pastagem após escarificação

A compactacao do solo pode ser considerada uma das principais causas de degradacao de pastagens. Entre varias tecnicas de mobilizacao do solo para rompimento de camadas compactadas, a escarificacao apresenta aspectos positivos para um manejo conservacionista. Objetivou-se, neste trabalho, avaliar as alteracoes ocorridas na resistencia do solo a penetracao, porosidade do solo e densidade do solo de um Latossolo Vermelho-Amarelo, sob pastagem mediante sua escarificacao. Implementou-se um experimento em uma area de Brachiaria decumbens Stapf. em Nova Odessa (SP), utilizando um escarificador com discos de corte e ponteiras aladas. A resistencia do solo a penetracao foi avaliada utilizando um penetrografo hidraulico eletronico e a densidade do solo e porosidade do solo, a partir de amostras indeformadas. As camadas de solo identificadas por analise multivariada da resistencia do solo a penetracao foram alteradas pela escarificacao. A escarificacao do solo reduziu significativamente os valores de resistencia do solo a penetracao. A escarificacao do solo promoveu maiores alteracoes nos atributos fisicos na profundidade de 0,0-0,1 m, na entrelinha da passagem das hastes do escarificador.
Fungus Consumption by the Siskiyou Chipmunk within a Variously Treated Forest

Mycophagy (consumption of fungi) by the Siskiyou chipmunk (Eutamias siskiyou) was studied during the summers of 1978 and 1979. Fecal pellets were sampled from livetrapped chipmunks in two sites within a shelterwood-logged coniferous forest in Jackson County, Oregon. Slash (logging residue) was mechanically piled and then burned (treated) in one area but not in another. Habitat analyses indicated that huckleberry (Vaccinium membranaceum) was severely reduced, and exposure of mineral soil increased in the treated study site. Sixteen genera of hypogeous, mycorrhizal fungi, representing three classes, were identified in fecal samples taken from animals in both sites. Spores of Rhizopogon spp. were most frequently encountered in both sites. The frequencies of occurrence for II of the 16 fungal genera were greater for samples from the untreated site, 2 significantly so. Endogone spp. occurred exclusively in fecal samples from the treated site, but no fungal type from this site exhibited a significantly greater frequency. The reduction of spores in samples from the treated site is thought to be a function of diminished sporocarp availability that resulted from slash treatment. Differential microhabitat selection by the sexes may also account for some differences in the observed spore frequencies.
Disturbance effects on herbaceous layer vegetation and soil nutrients in Populus forests of northern lower Michigan

Recent disturbance models have identified changes in resource availability as factors that control plant community response. Soil nutrient resources typically are assumed to change following forest disturbance, usually with nutrient availablity increasing initially and subsequently decreasing through later stages of succession. We examined the effects of disturbance (clearcut harvesting with a brief recovery period) on soil organic matter, pH and extractable soil nutrients in successional aspen forests of northern lower Michigan to determine relationships of these variables to changes in herbaceous layer vegetation. Two site types were identified: drymesic (glacial outwash sands, low in organic matter) and mesic (calcareous clay till, high in organic matter). Extractable nutrient concentrations were 1.5 to 3 times higher in the A1 horizon of mesic sites than those of dry-mesic sites. Soil pH and cations increased after disturbance on mesic sites, but not on dry-mesic sites. Patterns of change with disturbance were less pronounced in lower horizons on both site types. Herblayer species diversity increased after disturbance on mesic sites, but with decreases in the importance of shade-tolerant tree species and Maianthemum canadense. Species characteristic of open habitats (e.g. Pteridium aquilinum, Rubus spp., Fragaria virginiana, and Diervilla lonicera), increased in importance. Soil factors, species composition and diversity on dry-mesic sites changed little after disturbance, with Pteridium aquilinum and ericaceous species remaining dominant in both mature (55–82 yr) and disturbed (≤ 15 yr) stands. These results suggest that soil nutrient resources do not always change through secondary succession and that patterns of change can be distinctly site-dependent. Disturbance response patterns in the herbaceous layer of these aspen forests are also site-dependent.
Effects of dietary nucleotides on the antioxidant status and serum lipids of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

An 8-week feeding experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary nucleotides (0, 0.5, 1, 1.5 and 2 g kg−1) on serum antioxidative biomarkers and lipid contents of rainbow trout fingerlings. The serum triglycerides and low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-C levels were significantly decreased in fish fed diets containing 1.5 and 2 g kg−1, whereas serum high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-C was higher in trout receiving diets with those levels of nucleotides. A significant decrease in thiobarbituric acid reactive substances concentration was observed in groups receiving 1.5 or 2 g kg−1 of dietary nucleotides in comparison with control group (−32% and −27%, respectively). A significant decrease was observed in catalase and serum glutathione peroxidase activity in trout fed 1.5 and 2 g kg−1 dietary nucleotides compare with other groups. There were no significant changes in serum superoxide dismutase activity among the experimental groups. In conclusion, these results suggest that dietary nucleotides may reduce lipid peroxidation by increasing the levels of antioxidant lipoprotein, HDL-C, and decreasing the LDL-C, the main substrate of lipid peroxidation.
INDOOR FLIGHT EXPERIMENTS WITH TRAINED KESTRELS I. FLIGHT STRATEGIES IN STILL AIR WITH AND WITHOUT ADDED WEIGHT

Two kestrels, a male and a female, were trained to fly over 50 and 125 m in a windless corridor. Both distances were flown with or without dead weights attached to the feet during 13 flight sessions for each bird. Added weight was either 0.3 N (31 g lead) or 0.6 N (61 g). Each session was devoted to one distance and one flight weight category. Flight duration was automatically recorded at the landing points and at four positions along the track. Gliding bouts were hand-clocked and flight altitudes were estimated with the aid of sidewall markings. An analysis was made of 1226 flights by the female over a total of 100 km, and 1017 flights by the male over 84.6 km. Different flight strategies were observed under the different experimental situations, and were compared with model predictions for optimal speeds. In the unloaded situations the birds flew at velocities close to the maximum range speed. Under load, speeds were lower and close to the predicted speeds for minimum power when 0.6 N was added to the weight.
Variabilidad en el crecimiento de plántulas de ocho procedencias de Abies religiosa (H.B.K.) Schlecht. et Cham., en condiciones de vivero

Abies religiosa shows a wide distribution in Mexico and extends from the States of Sinaloa and San Luis Potosi in the north part of Mexico up to Puebla and Tlaxcala in the south, but there are also populations of this species in Guatemala. The forests in the Valle de Mexico region are located in the mountainous areas around Mexico City and socially and ecologically are very important because they are a significant component of the periurban forest of this Metropolitan Area. Unfortunately these stands have been declining for the last 30 or more years and it is imperative to look for solutions to restore these areas. The objective for this project was to determine the variation in growth (height and basal diameter) among eight provenances of this species and was used a random block design with 64 replicates. Measurements were done every three months through a period of a year. Seedlings from San Nicolas Coatepec provenance showed the top values in height (37,2 cm), however the growth rate was only significantly different with Cofre de Perote. The biggest basal diameter growth was recorded in seedlings from Coatepec (DISEFO) provenance, and it was significantly different from the rest of provenances, but no pattern of geographicallydetermined variation was observed among the growth response from the different provenances.
Diversity in the coding regions for the coat protein, VPg, protease, and putative RNA-dependent RNA polymerase among tomato ringspot nepovirus isolates

The nucleotide sequence of the coding regions for the genome-linked virion protein (VPg), protease (Pro), putative RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (Pol), and coat protein (CP) were determined for four tomato ringspot nepovirus isolates and compared with the published sequence of two other isolates. Phylogenetic analysis resulted in grouping of five isolates (from raspberry and peach) in one branch, while a grape isolate with only 80% nucleotide sequence identity to the other isolates was placed in a separate branch. Among the isolates, the deduced amino acid sequence was more conserved than the nucleotide sequence. In particular, the entire VPg sequence and conserved amino acid motifs within the Pro, Pol, and CP domains were identical in all isolates.
Male Morphotypes and Mating Behavior of the Dancing Shrimp Rhynchocinetes brucei (Decapoda: Caridea)

Abstract In crustaceans, the presence of large males with highly developed prehensile appendages (chelipeds or gnathopods) generally is suggestive of female monopolization during her receptive period. While mate guarding is common among some malacostracan crustaceans (brachyuran crabs and some amphipod families) it is relatively rare in caridean shrimp. Here we explored sexual dimorphism and the presence of morphotypic differences among males of the dancing shrimp Rhynchocinetes brucei. We furthermore quantified the behavioral events during mating interactions to examine whether mate guarding extends over the entire period of female receptivity. Males and females had similar body sizes, but males developed increasingly larger third maxillipeds and first chelipeds during ontogeny. Large males with hyperdeveloped maxillipeds and very large chelipeds featured a high degree of broken appendages and eyes, which probably results from intrasexual agonistic interactions. About 30% of the non-competitive male-female interactions with post-ovigerous females resulted in successful matings. Males usually initiated body contact with the female shortly after the female's parturial molt, and they frequently touched the female's genital region with their anterior body parts. The first (and in most cases only) spermatophore transfer event occurred at variable times (0.2-7 h) after the female's molt. Following spermatophore transfer some males guarded the female in the cage state (between their pereiopods) until the female had finished spawning and was ovigerous. Post-copulatory mate guarding could last up to 70 min, but not all males guarded the female after the copulation. We suggest that male guarding of the receptive female throughout the mating process reduces the risk of sperm competition.
Applications bio-médicales de l'électrophorèse capillaire.

L'electrophorese capillaire est une des principales microtechniques en emergence destinee a l'analyse qualitative et quantitative de solutions complexes a partir d'echantillons de tres faible volume. Dans cette technique, les molecules a analyser sont injectees dans un capillaire de faible diametre interne rempli d'un tampon, eventuellement d'un gel de silice greffe, au sein duquel la separation des molecules est realisee sous l'action d'un potentiel electrique pouvant atteindre 500 Volts/cm. L'application d'un tel champ electrique, rendu possible par le tres faible diametre du capillaire qui permet une dissipation optimale de la chaleur engendree par l'effet Joule, conduit a une separation rapide, sous des efficacites jusqu'a present rarement egalees, de molecules organiques sur une gamme tres importante de masse moleculaire et correspondant a des structures aussi variees que des sucres, des lipides, des peptides, des proteines ou des ions. L'electrophorese capillaire est aussi sur le point de pouvoir supplanter les techniques classiques d'etude de liaison et de dosage immunologique. Toutefois, c'est dans ses developpements recents que se trouvent les aspects les plus novateurs de cette technique avec son application a l'analyse directe de l'activite secretrice et du contenu d'une cellule vivante, donnant naissance a l'electrophorese capillaire sur cellule unique qui peut etre definie comme une forme originale de patch-clamp chimique.
Neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonists

Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) consist of five protein subunits surrounding a central ion channel. Although a considerable diversity of subunit combinations are possible, it seems that some may predominate. The current literature provides evidence that nAChRs may represent a rational target for the treatment of several diseases, including Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease, pain, tobacco dependency, schizophrenia, anxiety and depression. However, there are a number of remaining issues, particularly in minimising the potential side effects of nicotinic ligands, such as their action on the cardiovascular and gastrointestinal systems, drug dependence and sleep disturbance. The research for selective agents able to activate specific subtypes of nAChRs has been seen as a good opportunity to identify new potential drugs; this has led to a number of compounds belonging to different chemical classes. As far as nicotinic ligands are concerned, five classes with a high affinity for the α4β2- and α7-nAChRs were recently described by Schmitt. This review discloses recent reports from the patent literature of molecules targeting nAChRs. Information is also given on their potential therapeutic activity.