Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Impact of Web-Based Educational Intervention on Preventive Behaviors of Breast Cancer among Damanhour University Female Students

Background : Breast cancer, the most typical cancer in women, is a significant global health concern. Unhealthy habits that may influence students' health and way of life as adults usually accompany the university years. Following these health-promoting behaviors is one of the best strategies for university students to protect and regulate their health against breast cancer because they are closely linked to health promotion and illness prevention. Aims: to evaluate the impact of web-based educational intervention on preventive behaviors of breast cancer among Damanhour University female students. D esign: A Randomized educational intervention trial (pre-post& follow up) design. Subjects: fourth grade female university students. Tools : four tools; tool (I) online breast cancer knowledge assessment structured questionnaire. Tool (II) online Healthy Promoting Life-Style Behaviors Profile Scale (HPLP). Tool (III) online behaviors questionnaire sheet toward Breast self-examination, and tool (IV) : web-based educational intervention satisfaction scale. Results: There was a positive correlation between students’ attitude toward BSE, level of knowledge, level of BC prevention practices and level of HPLP behaviors respectively as the students’ attitude toward BSE improved, the level of BC knowledge, BSE practices and total score of HPLP scale improved and vice versa. Conclusion: In order to improve university female students' BC preventative & screening practices (BSE), the study found that the research hypothesis is validated and that the HBM-based preventive educational website was a useful and effective way to do so. Recommendations: Researchers should repeat this study with an observational checklist of breast self-examination (BSE) to address BSE practices skills objectively.
Ecological and histological investigation of species complex Diaporthe eres on Fraxinus excelsior seed from Montenegro

Investigation of different seed diseases of common ash has great significance due to occurrence of ash dieback across Europe caused by Hymenoscyphus fraxineus Baral, Queloz and Hosoya (T.Kowalski) and still not completely defined strategies about regeneration of this species. Species complex Diaporthe eres are familiar pathogens of common ash. During the monitoring of health condition of common ash in Montenegro Diaporthe eres was frequently isolated from common ash seeds. The aim of this research was to investigate temperature conditions that contribute to the growth of Diaporthe eres strains from Montenegro in infected seeds and histological characteristics of Diaporthe eres spread in seeds. Growth of Diaporthe eres pure cultures on tested temperatures showed the fastest growth on 25°C and the absence of growth on 35°C. Mechanical damage did not significantly contribute to occurrence of infection. Microscopic examination of heavy infected seeds showed that hyphae of D.eres were visible on outer parts of seed spreading inside the core. In this research we investigated some basic bio ecological characteristics of D. eres associated with decline of F. excelsior seed in Montenegro.
Analyzing the impact of neoadjuvant radiation dose on pathologic response and survival outcomes in esophageal and gastroesophageal cancers.

Background The optimal neoadjuvant radiation therapy (RT) dose prior to esophagectomy is unknown. We compared patients receiving lower-dose RT (LD-RT) of 41.4-45 Gy versus those receiving higher-dose RT (HD-RT) of 50-54 Gy. Methods Patients with non-metastatic esophageal or gastroesophageal cancer diagnosed from 2004 to 2015 who underwent neoadjuvant chemoradiation (CRT) followed by esophagectomy were identified using the National Cancer Database (NCDB) and divided into LD-RT and HD-RT groups. Logistic regression was used to evaluate predictors of HD-RT utilization and propensity score matching. Overall survival (OS) was compared between HD-RT and LD-RT groups using Cox regression. Logistic regression was performed with respect to pathologic complete response (pCR), positive surgical margins, postoperative mortality, and readmission rates. Results We identified 7,996 patients meeting inclusion criteria, of which 5,732 (71.7%) received HD-RT. At median follow-up of 3.3 years, 3-year OS was 48.7% for HD-RT versus 48.4% for LD-RT (P=0.734). pCR rates were 20.3% with HD-RT versus 16.3% with LD-RT [odds ratio (OR) 1.24; 95% CI: 1.06-1.44; P=0.006]. There were no statistically significant differences between HD-RT and LD-RT with respect to positive margins, 90-day postoperative mortality, or readmission rates. In a separate analysis of patients treated with CRT alone and no subsequent esophagectomy, HD-RT was associated with improved OS (HR 0.83; 95% CI: 0.78-0.88; P<0.001). Conclusions Our analysis suggests that 41.4-45 and 50-54 Gy dose regimens are similar in survival and postoperative outcomes. However, in cases of equivocal resectability, a higher RT dose of 50-54 Gy may be preferred.
Evaluation of Serum Zinc Level in Patients with Pattern Hair Loss (A Case-Controlled Study)

Background: Although androgenetic alopecia affects both males and females, trace elements may play as crucial impact. Objectives: To evaluate serum zinc in patients with pattern hair loss (PHL) and to compare the findings with normal controls. Patients and Methods: This study is a cross sectional observational case control study conducted at outpatient clinic of Dermatology, Andrology and STDs Department, Mansoura University hospital in the period between May 2022 and May 2023. The study included 100 subjects, divided into two groups: the first consisted of 50 patients (Male and female) with pattern hair loss and the second was 50 subjects (control group). The serum zinc assay was done for all participants. Results: The mean serum zinc level in the cases group was 75.36±19.29 and 71.73±20.19 in the control group, with no statistically significant difference between the two groups (p= 0.360). Low zinc levels were found in 56% of cases and 60% of controls, with no significant difference between the two groups (p= 0.685). There was no significant variation in serum zinc levels across the different degrees of hair loss in either male or female patients. The best cutoff point of serum zinc level to identify patients with PHL was less than 68.85. This value showed mild sensitivity and specificity with no significant value (p= 0.261). Conclusion: Zinc deficiency cannot be viewed as a direct etiologic component in the development of androgenic alopecia and not all androgenic alopecia patients may benefit from obtaining nutritional supplements. There is disagreement on the function of supplementing with zinc.
The frictional strength of talc gouge in high‐velocity shear experiments

Talc is present in several large‐scale fault zones worldwide and is mineralogically stable at temperature of the upper crust. It is therefore necessary to gain a better understanding of the frictional behavior of talc under a wide range of slip velocity conditions occurring during the seismic cycle. We analyzed the frictional and structural characteristics of room‐dry and water‐saturated talc gouge by shear experiments on a confined gouge layer at slip velocity range of 0.002–0.66 m/s and normal stress up to 4.1 MPa. Room‐dry talc showed a distinct slip‐strengthening with the initial friction coefficient of μ ~ 0.4 increased systematically to μ ~ 1 at slip distance D > 1 m. Room‐dry talc also displayed velocity‐strengthening at slip distances shorter than 1 m. The water‐saturated talc gouge displayed systematic low frictional strength of μ = 0.1–0.3 for the entire experimental range, with clear velocity‐strengthening behavior with positive (a‐b) values (rate dependence parameter of rate and state friction) of 0.01–0.04. The microstructural analyses revealed distributed shear and systematic dilation (up to 50%) for the room‐dry talc, in contrast to the extreme slip localization and strong shear compaction for water‐saturated talc. We propose that talc frictional strength is controlled by lubrication along cleavage surfaces that is facilitated by adsorbed water (room‐dry) and surplus water (water‐saturated). This mechanism can explain our experimental observations of slip‐strengthening and velocity‐strengthening for both types of talc gouge, as well as other clay minerals. It is thus expected that talc presence in fault zones would enhance creep and inhibit unstable slip.
Effect of Cellulase Enzyme Treatment on Cyst Wall Degradation of Acanthamoeba sp.

Aim The goal of this study is to know the potential of cellulase in the degradation of cyst wall Acanthamoeba sp. Methods Sample of Acanthamoeba sp. obtained from isolate collection of Department of Parasitology FKUI of which two samples come from patient and one sample is from environment. All three samples were cultured using non-nutrient agar (NNA) media and identified by PCR and sequencing. The concentration of cellulase concentration used was 50 U, 100 U, 150 U, 200 U, 250 U, and 300 U with the incubation time used being 2 hours, 4 hours, 6 hours, 8 hours, and 24 hours. Furthermore, treatment results with the most optimum concentration and incubation time were observed by using SEM to see changes in the surface of the walls of the cyst. A cysticidal test was performed to determine the effectiveness cysticidal action of disinfectant solution, cellulase, and the combination of disinfectant solution and cellulase in killing Acanthamoeba sp. cyst assessed by their viability value. Results The most optimal cellulase concentration in killing Acanthamoeba sp. cysts was 300 U with an incubation time of 24 hours. Percentage of viability of Acanthamoeba sp. which was exposed to a disinfectant solution for 24 hours was 95%, cellulase alone for 24 hours 75%, and the combination of cellulase and disinfectant solution for 24 hours 25%. Conclusions Cellulase is capable of degrading Acanthamoeba sp. cyst wall. Optimal cellulase concentration in degrading Acanthamoeba sp. cyst wall is 300 U with an optimal incubation time being 24 hours. The addition of cellulase to the disinfectant solution has the potential to increase the effectiveness of the disinfectant solution because cellulase is capable of degrading the cyst wall allowing the disinfectant solution to enter and kill Acanthamoeba sp. cysts.
Radarbasierte Analyse der Hagelgefährdung in Deutschland

In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird die raumliche und zeitliche Variabilitat von Hagelgewittern in Deutschland untersucht und eine umfangreiche Klimatologie uber das Auftreten von Hagelsturmen in Deutschland in den Jahren 2005 bis 2011 erstellt. Grundlage dafur sind flachendeckend vorliegende Radar- und Blitzdaten.
Social Dynamics and Intelligence of Killer Whales (Orcinus Orca)

The present study undertakes a comprehensive investigation into the behavioral and social complexity of Orcinus orca, commonly referred to as killer whales. Utilizing a multimodal approach that combines acoustic analysis, behavioral observation, and social network mapping, this research addresses four primary dimensions: the species' specialized communication techniques, intricate social structures, cooperative hunting strategies, and evidence for cultural transmission. Our analysis reveals that killer whales employ diverse acoustic and non-acoustic signals, enabling intricate communication networks essential for social bonding and collaborative behaviors. Social structures within pods are observed to be highly hierarchical, often influenced by matrilineal lineages, thereby indicating advanced social organization. Cooperative hunting strategies differ depending on prey type and local environmental conditions, reflecting a high degree of behavioral adaptability and specialization. The study also furnishes compelling evidence for the cultural transmission of learned behaviors across generations, suggesting a complexity often attributed solely to primates. Understanding these multidimensional characteristics holds substantial implications for the broader marine biology animal cognition field, especially for conserving this apex predator. However, it is essential to note the limitations of this study, including potential observer bias, restricted sample size due to observational limitations, and the inconclusive nature of some findings on cultural transmission. Further research is imperative, both to validate and extend these results. Advancements in remote sensing technologies and machine learning algorithms offer promising avenues for future research, which is pivotal for developing nuanced and effective conservation strategies for Orcinus orca in an era of rapidly changing oceanic ecosystems.
Aggregate Shape Effects on Ballast Tamping and Railroad Track Lateral Stability

Tamping is a common railroad maintenance activity often used to correct railroad profile. During tamping, tamping arms inserted into the ballast layer raise and loosen aggregates by squeezing and vibrating. As a result, the tamping process may cause serious problems such as derailment due to decreased track lateral stability and track buckle. This paper is aimed at applying discrete element modeling (DEM) concepts to railroad ballast to investigate effects of aggregate shape, texture and angularity on improved ballast compaction, strength, track stability, and resistance to lateral deformations by means of quantifying aggregate morphology from image analysis. An aggregate image analyzer recently developed and readily available for scanning ballast aggregates at the University of Illinois was successfully utilized to establish a library of representative aggregate particles from flat and elongated shapes to more cubical particles ranging from high angularity crushed particles to rounded gravels. A total of 11 aggregate shape libraries established this way with varying shape properties were used to construct ballast layers in a DEM computer program DBLOKS3D, which properly modeled individual aggregate particles as rigid shaped geometric blocks or discrete elements. Tie pull out tests were simulated in the DEM analyses to investigate before and after tamping of ballast compaction, strength and stability conditions. Tamping was found to significantly decrease the shear resistance of angular aggregates for up to 40%. Flatness and elongation of a particle had only a minor effect on lateral stability when aggregate breakdown was not considered.
The mantle plume debate in undergraduate geoscience education: Overview, history, and recommendations

Mantle plume theory has been widely, but not universally, accepted in the geosciences for several decades, but recent critical evaluation has led to an intense debate regarding the existence of mantle plumes. I provide an overview of mantle plume theory and the current skepticism. The results of a poll taken after the 2005 AGU Chapman Conference, “The Great Plume Debate” are presented to give general readers a sense for which arguments specialists consider to be strongest in favor of, or opposing, mantle plume theory. Mantle plume theory first appeared in introductory textbooks in the late 1970s, and the theory was presented in most introductory textbooks by the end of the 1980s. In light of the current debate most recent editions have introduced language indicting debate and uncertainty about mantle plume theory. However, none of these textbooks offers any alternative hypotheses; advanced textbooks also give little attention to alternative hypotheses. I assert that, without the presentation of alternative theories, students will simply accept the one presented as fact. The current debate should be seen as a teaching opportunity. It should be conveyed to students that this debate reflects the fact that geology is a very dynamic science and that first-order problems remain in the geosciences to be addressed by current and future generations.
Long Term Toxicity of Aspartame on Ovaries and Blood Components of Adult Female Albino Rats

Introduction: Aspartame (ASP) is a synthetic sweetener low-caloric consumed worldwide by 200 million subjects. Recently, drawbacks of aspartame have been detected on several body tissues including the reproductive system and blood parameters. Aim: The present work aimed to detect effects of long-term intake of aspartame at two doses over blood picture and ovaries in adult female albino rats. Material and Methods: In the present work, 40 adult female albino rats divided into 4 groups, two control groups (without any treatment) and another two groups receiving aspartame (50, and 100mg/kg/b.wt) using oral gavage for 91days. First, rats were euthanized, then, blood samples and ovarian tissues, collected for histomorphological studies. ANOVA and post-hoc test employed to compare group means under study. Results: ASP (50 & 100 mg/kg/b.wt) had resulted in a considerable decrease in serum estrogen and significant changes in blood picture parameters: decrease in RBC count, MCV, MCH and a significant decrease in WBC count than in control groups. Histopathological results were indicative of significant ovarian tissue affection in form of decreased ovarian follicles, less mature graafian follicles, most cells showed vacuolations, some showed atrophic changes. Ovarian stroma revealed a large number of noticeably dilated and congested blood vessels. There were hemorrhagic and necrotic foci with chronic inflammatory infiltrate and fibrosis. An increase in surrounding adipose tissue was detected. A notable drop in serum estrogen detected in aspartame groups in contrast to control groups. Conclusion: Aspartame has a negative effect (50 &100mg/kg/b.wt/day doses) on blood components and a considerable histopathological deterioration of ovarian structures. Recommendations: Further studies needed to detect whether aspartame effects were reversible or not.
INVIVO STUDY OF AQUEOUS EXTRACT OF SNAKE FRUIT SEEDS IN FEMALE RATS WITH ANEMIA

Anemia remains a global nutritional problem in children, pregnant women and female adolescents because of increasing its prevalence. This study aimed to analyze the effects of aqueoes extract of snake fruit seed (AES) on body weight (BW), body length (BL), body fat percentage (BFP), and wet organ weight in female rats with anemia. This animal experiment used the pre-posttest control group design. A total of 30 female wistar rats with anemia were randomly divided into 5 groups: the negative and positive control groups were given a low iron diet with or without administration of 3.7 mg/200gBW iron supplements, and the treatment (AES1-3) groups were given a low iron diet+AES administration (25,50, and 100 mg/200gBW respectively) for 28 days. Data were analyzed using SPSS 26.0, and STATA MP 17. The average of BW, wet liver, and kidney weights in the AES2 group significantly increased, compared to other rat groups. The average of BFP in the AES2 group significantly decreased, compared to the control groups. The average of BL and wet spleen weight did not differ among rat groups. In conclusion, administration of 50 mg/200gBW AES increases BW, wet organ weights, and decreases BFP, but has no effect on BL.
Effects of Eucalyptus species on soil physicochemical properties in Ruhande Arboretum, Rwanda

This study combines research on soil physical and chemical properties as affected by four Eucalyptus species in Ruhande arboretum. The soil samples for research properties were taken from 0-20 cm depth using auger and one undisturbed core from each sampling unit was taken for the analysis of soil bulk density. Soil bulk density and moisture did not differ significantly between all treatments. Sand proportions differed significantly only between E. tereticornis and E. maidenii whereas silt and clay were non-significant. The soil under Eucalyptus was sandy, with sand proportion ranging from 66.4-71%. Bulk density increased with increasing sand whereas moisture content showed a reverse trend. The soil samples for studying chemical properties were taken as described in Nsabimana et al. 2008. All chemical parameters except base saturation differed significantly between treatments. Soil pH was strongly acidic but rich in total nitrogen and organic carbon which was attributed to higher litter production, its relatively faster rate of decomposition, and greater amount of residues produced by the eucalypts. Carbon/nitrogen ratio, CEC, and BS were high under all treatments while the available phosphorus was lower which was attributed to the low pH. Future studies should test if the species similarly affect the soil or not and confirm if the species increase soil nutrients. Benchmarked study sites should be used to enable differences in the species effects on the site if any.
Rift Valley Fever Virus (RVFv) Dissemination inside Mosquitoes and Investigation of the Influence of Climate on Mosquitoes Abundance

One year surveys were conducted at two sites in Khartoum State capital of Sudan: Hellat Kuku and Soba West. The study was focused into two species of mosquitoes: Aedes vexans and Culex quinquefasciatus. This selection was based on previous investigations indicated their being positive for RVF. The study aimed to investigate on RVFv dissemination inside two species mosquitoes in Khartoum State (Sudan) and investigation of the influence of climate on mosquitoes abundance. Weekly aspiration of wild mosquitoes has been conducted during 1st July 20111st July 2012. The collected mosquitoes were identified by using classical keys. Data of climate were obtained from Sudan Meteorology Authorities. Males and females of the two mosquitoes species were divided into three cohorts: salivary glands, abdomen, and wings and legs. RVF Virus was therefore examined into twelve pools using RealTime PCR technique. Results showed that Temperature, precipitation, and RH were significantly associated with the number of aspirated mosquitoes. The virus has been detected inside the pools of the abdomen and salivary glands of Ae. vexans mosquitoes. However, pools of salivary glands of Cx. quinquefasciatus were negative of the virus in spite of dissemination of the virus in the wings and legs. Based on these results it can be concluded that climatic factors affected on the number of aspirated mosquitoes during the study period. Ae. vexans mosquitoes exhibited an indicator of being competent to transmit the virus in contrast to Cx. quinquefasciatus.
New constraints on timing and kinematics of rifting at Cape Roberts Basin and Roberts Ridge from integrated seismic and core analysis of fault arrays

ii Dedication . iv Acknowledgments. v Vita . vii List of Tables . xi List of Figures . xii Chapter 1: Introduction . 1 Chapter 2: Geologic Setting . 5 2.1: West Antarctic Rift System and Transantarctic Mountains . 5 2.2: Victoria Land Basin and the western Ross Sea . 6 2.3: Terror Rift . 6 2.4: Cape Roberts Basin and Roberts Ridge . 7 Chapter 3: Models for the Development of the Cape Roberts Basin . 9 3.1: Current Testable Models . 9 3.2: Testable Analog Sandbox Models . 12 Chapter 4: Data and Methods . 22 ix 4.1 Data Sets for Study . 22 4.2 Methods for Seismic Interpretation . 23 4.3 Methods for Interpretation of Bathymetry . 25 4.4 Interpreting Faults in the CRP-3 Drill Core . 25 4.5 Correlating Faults from Core with Faults in Seismic . 27 Chapter 5: Results . 36 5.1 Mapped Seismic Horizons . 36 5.2 Mapped Faults in Seismic . 37 5.2.1 Cape Roberts Basin Fault Geometry . 37 5.2.2 Terror Rift Fault Geometry. 39 5.2.3 Timing of Faulting . 39 5.2.4 Faulting in the CRP-3 Drill Core . 40 5.2. 5 Bathymetric Mapping . 41 Chapter 6: Discussion . 58 6.1 Fault Comparisons. 58 6.1. 1 Comparison of faults between seismic and drill core . 58 6.1. 2 Comparison with previous fault mapping studies . 60 6.1. 3 Comparison of faults with magnetic anomaly patterns . 61 6.1. 4 Regional fault comparisons . 62 x 6.2 Fault Comparisons with Sandbox Models . 64 6.3 Preferred Structural Model for Development of the Cape Roberts Basin . 68 6.4 Cape Roberts Basin Rifting and the Transantarctic Mountains Front . 71 6.5 Reconstruction of Ice Flow . 72 Chapter 7: Conclusions . 83 References . 85 Appendix A: Interpreted Seismic Profiles . 89