Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Fusarium oxysporum & Fusarium solani: Identification, Characterization, and Differentiation the Fungal Phenolic Profiles by HPLC and the Fungal Lipid Profiles by GC-MS

Fusarium is a famous genus including a numerous species of endophytic fungi as it is known as a productive source of secondary metabolites which had various bioactivities. Fungal secondary metabolites are defined as chemical compounds produced by fungus and not essential for it. The common secondary metabolites of Fusarium sp. (e.g., phenols, flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins, and terpenes) had a wide range of biological properties comprising antioxidant, antidiabetic, antibacterial, antifungal, and cytotoxic activities. In this way, the present study was performed to evaluate the phenolic compounds and flavonoids of Fusarium oxysporum and Fusarium solani qualitatively and quantitatively via high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Moreover, lipid criteria of Fusarium oxysporum and Fusarium solani extracts had been displayed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and their fatty acids had been identified to define the prolific species of the most biological and valuable fatty acids. In discrimination between phenols and flavonoids of Fusarium oxysporum and Fusarium solani as natural biological constituents analyzed by HPLC, the methanolic extracts of Fusarium species revealed that phenols level was elevated in F. oxysporum than its level in F. solani as well flavonoids level was advanced in F. oxysporum compared to F. solani. Furthermore, the HPLC chromatograph showed significant detection for some phenols in F. oxysporum extract were disappeared in F. solani extract and also some flavonoids were detected in F. oxysporum extract were vanished in F. solani extract. On the other side, the quantitative lipid analysis of Fusarium species chloroform extracts showed significant elevation in F. oxysporum lipid amount compared to F. solani, as the qualitative lipid analysis by GC-MS indicated that the concentration of saturated fatty acids was receded in F. oxysporum (29.18%) than its concentration in F. solani (40.11%) and the ratio of oxidation was 3.73% in F. oxysoporum while in F. solani was 4.23%. These displayed data illustrated conclusively that Fusarium oxysporum had a wide medicinal effectiveness as antioxidant, anticancer, anti-inflammation, and cardioprotective action due to its plentiful content from valuable phenols, flavonoids, and fatty acids in comparison with F. solani, as it may be elected as an alternative natural drug for some pharmaceutical applications.
Nanostructured graphene for energy harvesting

(Received 1 August 2011; revised manuscript received 12 September 2011; published 6 October 2011)Engineered nonlinearities have been shown to play an important role in increasing the efﬁciency of energyharvesting devices. Macroscopic prototypes using this approach have been demonstrated recently [F. Cottone,H. Vocca, and L. Gammaitoni, Phys.Rev.Lett.
Spectral analysis of 10m resolution scalar velocity profiles in the stratosphere

Vertical profiles of scalar horizontal winds have been measured at high resolution (10m) in the 13 to 37 km region of the stratosphere. This resolution (at that range of altitude) represents the state-of-the-art, and is unique. Our goal was to ascertain whether or not the internal waves of the stratosphere behave consistently with the Garrett-Munk model which was originally created for oceanic internal waves. The power spectral densities (PSD's) of five profiles are presented and it is found that (a) they closely fit a straight line on a log-log graph even to wavelengths as small as 40m, and (b) the average slope is −2.7 ± . 2 (standard error = 0.1). We conclude that (a) stratospheric internal waves obey the Garrett-Munk model for vertical wave numbers, and (b) there is no statistically significant evidence for a break in the curve at high wave numbers when due allowance is made for aliasing effects.
First principles study on the local magnetic anisotropy near surfaces of Dy2Fe14B and Nd2Fe14B magnets

The electronic structures of a (001) surface of crystalline Dy2 Fe14B and Nd2 Fe14B have been studied and the crystal field parameters at the rare-earth sites have been estimated by using first principles calculations. It is shown that Dy or Nd ions at the surface exhibit an in-plane magnetic anisotropy and can be nucleation sites of magnetization reversal.
Single Charge Tunneling: Coulomb Blockade Phenomena in Nanostructures

Introduction to Single Charge Tunneling M.H. Devoret, H. Grabert. Charge Tunneling Rates in Ultrasmall Junctions G.L. Ingold, Yu V. Nazarov. Transferring Electrons One by One D. Esteve. Josephson Effect in Low-Capacitance Tunnel Junctions M. Tinkham. Coulomb-Blockade Oscillations in Semiconductor Nanostructures H. Van Houten, et al. Macroscopic Quantum Tunneling of Charge and Co-Tunneling D.V. Averin, Yu. V. Nazarov. One-Dimensional Arrays of Small Tunnel Junctions P. Delsing. Single Charges in Two-Dimensional Junction Arrays J.E. Mooij, G. Schon. Possible Applications of the Single Charge Tunneling D.V. Averin, K.K. Kikharev. Index.
Reliability of isokinetic hip abductor and adductor strength measurements: A systematic review and meta-analysis

The aims of this study were to: (I) examine the reliability of the abduction and adduction isokinetic strength measurements in healthy subjects and athletes; (II) determine which position is the most valid and reliable for strength measurement; and (III) determine the most reliable velocity to assess hip abductor and adductor strength. The databases used were Web of Science, SCOPUS, MedLine and PubMed. The metafor package of R software was used to conduct meta-analysis. A total of 767 studies were identified through a search of electronic databases, of which 10 were included in this meta-analysis. The main finding of the study revealed; (I) the reliability of isokinetic force measurement is good in abduction (ICC = 0.83) and adduction (ICC = 0.81); (II) standing position presents good reliability in abduction (ICC = 0.83) and adduction (ICC = 0.79); (III) the lateral position presents good reliability in abduction (ICC = 0.83) and adduction (ICC = 0.82); (IV) the velocity of 60°/s (ICC = 0.84), 90°/s (ICC = 0.84) and 120°/s (ICC = 0.86) show good reliability for abduction, and; (V) the velocity of 30°/s (ICC = 0.76), 60°/s (ICC = 0.83), and 120°/s (ICC = 0.89) show good reliability for adduction. Many factors influence the reliability of isokinetic assessments of the hip abductors and adductors, the best known of which are body position, isokinetic velocity, and type of muscle contraction. And although most of the researchers opt for the evaluation in lateral position, and at low velocities, our results conclude that the standing position, at a velocity of 120°/s is a better alternative to evaluate these movements (ABD-ADD), and not only because of its good reliability, but also because of the similarity of the evaluation with the gestures developed within the sport.
Upper and lower musculoskeletal back pain, stress, physical activity, and organisational work support: An exploratory study of police investigative interviewers

Police investigative interviewers in special victims’ units have particularly stressing work conditions. Being few in numbers, with highly specialised competence, the health and well-being of this workgroup are key. This study explores the prevalence of muscular lower and upper back pain and stress and associations with physical activity and organisational work support among 77 police investigators. The police investigative interviewers reported high levels of physical activity. Compared to other police employees, they reported similar levels of musculoskeletal back pain, higher levels of upper back pain, and higher levels of stress. Physical activity was not related to musculoskeletal back pain. In the regression analysis, musculoskeletal back pain was negatively associated with organisational work support. Limitations due to low statistical power and a cross-sectional design apply. However, the study provides interesting insight into the prevalence of musculoskeletal back pain and its association with organisational work support and stress among police employees.
Finite sample behaviour of the level shift model using quasi-differenced data

When using quasi-differenced data in a model where a break in the intercept is allowed, asymptotic distributions of the M, ADF, and P T statistics are the same as those in the model where only an intercept and a time trend are included. However, the finite sample behaviour for common sample sizes used in empirical applications is very different. Finite-sample critical values are calculated using two different methods to select the break point and the lag length. Comparison with asymptotic and finite-sample distributions of a model, where only a constant and a time trend are included in the set of deterministic components, shows strong differences. In particular, these differences are more clear for the M and P T statistics, whereas the ADF statistics is not affected too much. An empirical application is performed to show the pitfalls of using asymptotic or finite-sample critical values for a model where a break in the intercept has not been taken into account.
Heteroepitaxial growth of GaAs on (100) Ge/Si using migration enhanced epitaxy

In this paper, heteroepitaxial growth of GaAs on nominal (100) Ge/Si substrate was investigated. The root-mean square surface roughness of the sample where the first few monolayers of the GaAs were nucleated by migration enhanced epitaxy (MEE) is four times smaller compared to the sample without such a process, indicating better surface planarity. From the (004) x-ray diffraction rocking curve measurement, the full width at half maximum of the GaAs layer nucleated by MEE is 40% lower compared to that of the GaAs layer without such a process, indicating better crystal quality. Furthermore, it was found that the sample where the GaAs layer was nucleated by MEE experienced early relaxation. As the MEE process promotes two-dimensional growth, the GaAs layer where nucleation was initiated by such a process has fewer islandlike formations. This leads to a pseudomorphically grown GaAs layer, which experiences higher strain compared to the GaAs layer with more islandlike formations, where most relaxation occurs o.
Scheduling collateral sensitivity‐based cycling therapies toward eradication of drug‐resistant infections

Drug resistant pathogens are a global public health threat and their control has become a challenging task. A new health paradigm has been proposed in recent years through clinical research, this is the sequential use of drugs where resistance to one drug induces sensitivity to another drug, a concept called collateral sensitivity and its converse is known as cross resistance. However, the order and time of cycling between drugs need to be tailored to the pathogen population presented in the host. Here, by abstracting mutation networks of collateral sensitivity based on switched systems, we explore the control theoretical aspects and implications of collateral sensitivity on the impact of eradication of drug‐resistant pathogens. Our numerical simulations illustrate the potential implications of our approach to mitigate drug resistance or even eradicate pathogenic populations.
Applications of the Lie theory of extended groups in Hamiltonian mechanics: the oscillator and the Kepler problem

Abstract The method of the Lie theory of extended groups has recently been formulated for Hamiltonian mechanics in a manner which is consistent with the results obtained using the Newtonian equation of motion. Here the method is applied to the three-dimensional time-independent harmonic oscillator and to the classical Kepler problem. The expected constants of motion are obtained. Previously unobserved relations between generators and invariants are also noticed.
Justification and the Psychology of Human Reasoning

This essay grows out of the conviction that recent work by psychologists studying human reasoning has important implications for a broad range of philosophical issues. To illustrate our thesis we focus on Nelson Goodman's elegant and influential attempt to "dissolve" the problem of induction. In the first section of the paper we sketch Goodman's account of what it is for a rule of inference to be justified. We then marshal empirical evidence indicating that, on Goodman's account of justification, patently invalid inferential rules turn out to be "justified. " We conclude that something is seriously wrong with Goodman's story about justification. In the second section we attempt to patch Goodman's account. The notion of epistemic authority and the social aspect of justification play central roles in the alternative account of justification that we propose.
Division of Magnetic Flux Rope via Magnetic Reconnection Observed in the Magnetotail

Using high‐resolution data from Magnetospheric Multiscale (MMS) mission, we report an intense current layer at the center of a flux rope (FR) in the magnetotail. The intense current layer is caused by the compression of the ion bulk flows at the center of a FR rather than two interlaced flux tubes reported at the magnetopause previously. The intense current layer has been identified as an electron diffusion region of the magnetic reconnection, and the hall magnetic field generated by magnetic reconnection makes the FR show crater‐shaped. The reconnecting current layer is supported by the poloidal magnetic field of the FR, and it is dividing the FR into two secondary FRs. The observations suggest that magnetic FR can be compressed easily to excite instability inside it as it is propagating in the magnetotail current sheet, thus changing its magnetic topology.
Optimizing Li‐Excess Cation‐Disordered Rocksalt Cathode Design Through Partial Li Deficiency

Li‐excess disordered rocksalts (DRXs) are emerging as promising cathode materials for Li‐ion batteries due to their ability to use earth‐abundant transition metals. In this work, a new strategy based on partial Li deficiency engineering is introduced to optimize the overall electrochemical performance of DRX cathodes. Specifically, by using Mn‐based DRX as a proof‐of‐concept, it is demonstrated that the introduction of cation vacancies during synthesis (e.g., Li1.3‐xMn2+0.4‐xMn3+xNb0.3O1.6F0.4, x = 0, 0.2, and 0.4) improves both the discharge capacity and rate performance due to the more favored short‐range order in the presence of Mn3+. Density functional theory calculations and Monte Carlo simulations, in combination with spectroscopic tools, reveal that introducing 10% vacancies (Li1.1Mn2+0.2Mn3+0.2Nb0.3O1.6F0.4) enables both Mn2+/Mn3+ redox and excellent Li percolation. However, a more aggressive vacancy doping (e.g., 20% vacancies in Li0.9Mn3+0.4Nb0.3O1.6F0.4) impairs performance because it induces phase separation between an Mn‐rich and a Li‐rich phase.
Real World Efficacy and Safety of Sofosbuvir + Velpatasvir + Voxilaprevir in Romanian Patients with Genotype 1b HCV Infection Non-reponders to DAAs Therapy.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS The sofosbuvir (SOF) / velpatasvir (VEL) / voxilaprevir (VOX) combination has been evaluated in more than 800 patients enrolled in phase II and phase III studies, where it demonstrated excellent safety and efficacy, achieving overall sustained viral response (SVR) rates of more than 95%. We aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of SOF/VEL/VOX in a real-world study, including patients previously treated for genotype 1b hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection that did not obtain a sustained viral response with previous direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) therapy. METHODS In Romania, through a nationwide government-funded program in 2019-2020, 213 patients with chronic hepatitis C non-responders to previous DAAs therapy, received treatment with SOF/VEL/ VOX 400/100/100 mg/day for 12 weeks. We performed a retrospective longitudinal study that included 143 individuals who were treated in Bucharest, Iași, Craiova and Constanța clinics, all with genotype 1b HCV infection. Efficacy was assessed by the percentage of patients achieving SVR 12 weeks post-treatment (SVR12). Serious adverse events (SAE) were registered. RESULTS Our cohort comprised 53% males with a median age of 60 years (27÷77); 47% were pre-treated with ombitasvir/paritaprevir/ritonavir+dasabuvir ± ribavirin, 40% with ledipasvir/SOF, 13% with elbasvir/ grazoprevir. 42% of patients associated co-morbidities, 45% had compensated liver cirrhosis, 2% had treated hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and 1% had hepatitis B virus co-infection. SVR by intention to treat was reported in 139/143 (97.2%) and per protocol in 141/143 (98.6%). No predictive factors for SVR were identified. Rate of liver decompensation in patients with cirrhosis was 6% and was statistically associated in multivariate analysis with Child-Pugh score (p<0.01) and with severe steatosis (p=0.004). Occurrence of new HCC was reported in 3.6% of all patients with cirrhosis and was associated with poor liver function [higher Child-Pugh score (p=0.001) and low albumin levels (p=0.02)]. Serious adverse events related to therapy were reported in 1/143(0.7%). CONCLUSIONS SOF/VEL/VOX was highly efficient in our population of patients with a 97.2% SVR. Liver decompensation occurred in 6% of cirrhotic patients at SVR, related to hepatic dysfunction.
Registration and statistical analysis of PET images using the wavelet transform

We have described a general procedure for the processing and analysis of PET data. We have used the multiresolution framework of the wavelet transform to derive new solutions for the two main processing steps. The first task was to align the various brain images using a general affine deformation model. Our registration procedure uses a continuous polynomial spline image model and takes advantage of the multiresolution structure of the underlying function spaces. This method implements a nonlinear least squares optimization technique with a coarse-to-fine iteration strategy that substantially improves the overall performance of the algorithm. The second task was to analyze the series of registered images and to detect the between group differences in metabolic brain activity. We chose to take advantage of the orthogonality and localization properties of the wavelet transform. Our approach was to apply this transform to the group-difference image and identify the wavelet channels that are globally significantly different from noise. >
Simultaneous Nonlinear Estimation

An iterative procedure is given for the estimation of a vector of parameters some of which may be common to more than one of a set of nonlinear regression equations in the model presented. The procedure is given for the situation when the covariance matrix in the model is known and is extended to include the model when the covariance matrix is unknown. The covariance matrix allows for correlation between observations made on different regression equations but for the same value of the independent vector of variables. Under certain assumptions the procedure is shown to converge to a consistent estimator of the vector of parameters with probability one. The procedure is illustrated with data from a compartmental tracer experiment.
A Persistence-Based Wold-Type Decomposition for Stationary Time Series

The Classical Wold Decomposition Theorem allows to split a weakly stationary time series x into a non-deterministic component, driven by uncorrelated innovations, and a deterministic term. This decomposition is a special case of the Abstract Wold Theorem, which deals with isometric operators defined on Hilbert spaces. As the lag operator is isometric on the Hilbert space H_t(x) spanned by the sequence {x_{t-k}_k}, the Classical Wold Decomposition for time series obtains. Moreover, the \emph{scaling operator} is isometric on the Hilbert space H_t(e), spanned by the classical Wold innovations of x, and it provides an Extended Wold Decomposition. Thus, the process x may be seen as a sum, across scales, of uncorrelated components that explain different layers of persistence, from temporary fluctuations to low-frequency shocks. Multiscale impulse response functions are, then, defined. Conversely, the sum of suitable uncorrelated components delivers a weakly stationary process. This decomposition fruitfully applies to ARMA and fractional ARIMA processes.
Oblique and parallel modes of vortex shedding in the wake of a circular cylinder at low Reynolds numbers

Two fundamental characteristics of the low-Reynolds-number cylinder wake, which have involved considerable debate, are first the existence of discontinuities in the Strouhal-Reynolds number relationship, and secondly the phenomenon of oblique vortex shedding. The present paper shows that both of these characteristics of the wake are directly related to each other, and that both are influenced by the boundary conditions at the ends of the cylinder, even for spans of hundreds of diameters in length. It is found that a Strouhal discontinuity exists, which is not due to any of the previously proposed mechanisms, but instead is caused by a transition from one oblique shedding mode to another oblique mode. This transition is explained by a change from one mode where the central flow over the span matches the end boundary conditions to one where the central flow is unable to match the end conditions. In the latter case, quasi-periodic spectra of the velocity fluctuations appear; these are due to the presence of spanwise cells of different frequency. During periods when vortices in neighbouring cells move out of phase with each other, ‘vortex dislocations’ are observed, and are associated with rather complex vortex linking between the cells. However, by manipulating the end boundary conditions, parallel shedding can be induced, which then results in a completely continuous Strouhal curve. It is also universal in the sense that the oblique-shedding Strouhal data (Sθ) can be collapsed onto the parallel-shedding Strouhal curve (S0) by the transformation, S0 = Sθ/cosθ, where θ is the angle of oblique shedding. Close agreement between measurements in two distinctly different facilities confirms the continuous and universal nature of this Strouhal curve. It is believed that the case of parallel shedding represents truly two-dimensional shedding, and a comparison of Strouhal frequency data is made with several two-dimensional numerical simulations, yielding a large disparity which is not clearly understood. The oblique and parallel modes of vortex shedding are both intrinsic to the flow over a cylinder, and are simply solutions to different problems, because the boundary conditions are different in each case.