Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Influence of Slope Gradient and Aspect on Soil Organic Carbon Content in the Region of Niš, Serbia

Topography-induced microclimate differences determine the local spatial variation of soil characteristics as topographic factors may play the most essential role in changing the climatic pattern. The aim of this study was to investigate the spatial distribution of soil organic carbon (SOC) with respect to the slope gradient and aspect, and to quantify their influence on SOC within different land use/cover classes. The study area is the Region of Niš in Serbia, which is characterized by complex topography with large variability in the spatial distribution of SOC. Soil samples at 0–30 cm and 30–60 cm were collected from different slope gradients and aspects in each of the three land use/cover classes. The results showed that the slope aspect significantly influenced the spatial distribution of SOC in the forest and vineyard soils, where N- and NW-facing soils had the highest level of organic carbon in the topsoil. There were no similar patterns in the uncultivated land. No significant differences were found in the subsoil. Organic carbon content was higher in the topsoil, regardless of the slope of the terrain. The mean SOC content in forest land decreased with increasing slope, but the difference was not statistically significant. In vineyards and uncultivated land, the SOC content was not predominantly determined by the slope gradient. No significant variations across slope gradients were found for all observed soil properties, except for available phosphorus and potassium. A positive correlation was observed between SOC and total nitrogen, clay, silt, and available phosphorus and potassium, while a negative correlation with coarse sand was detected. The slope aspect in relation to different land use/cover classes could provide an important reference for land management strategies in light of sustainable development.
The Advanced Added Skills Developed by Nurse Managers / Leaders in an Archipelago Region: Training Needs

Health service organizations expect manager nurses to develop activities that foster the best quality results both in terms of assistance and in terms of management. To do so, managers have to master management skills. To understand the activity carried out by the manager nurses in an archipelago with several islands. Descriptive, analytical and exploratory study of quantitative nature. The data collection instrument was an autofill questionnaire, which included a Perception Scale of the Work of the Manager Nurses. The academic qualifications of the nursing managers are as follows: postgraduate studies in specific areas other than management (15,9%); postgraduate studies in the field of management (36,5%) and master’s degree in different areas (17,5%). The results in the field of the skills of management of nursing care may be the ones that require a bigger investment in terms of training. Regarding the skills in the field of political intervention and advice, the results observed were below expectations. The need for specific training in the field of management is quite obvious; we were able to prove that most of the manager nurses do not possess specific training in the field of management which would allow them to perform the management tasks based on solid knowledge.
AHP based analysis of groundwater potential in the western escarpment of the Ethiopian rift valley

ABSTRACT This study investigated groundwater potential in the Western escarpment of the Ethiopian Rift valley, taking Dijo catchment as a case study, an area that is known for its critical shortage of water. Different thematic layers were used to determine the groundwater potential of the catchment. PCI Geomatica and Rockwork were used to automatically extract lineament and lineament orientation, respectively. Weights of parameters were computed using the analytical hierarchy process (AHP). Rank was assigned to each feature class for each thematic map according to their characteristics and interrelationship with groundwater. Once the mapping was done, validation of the estimated result was done. Accordingly, the result indicates that there is a matching between the analysis results and samples taken from boreholes with an accuracy result of 79.2%. The results revealed that nearly half of the catchment was found to have high-to-very-high groundwater potential while the remaining exhibiting limited potential for groundwater. Despite the high potential, there is a critical shortage of water. This is partly attributed to poor planning and limited capacity in identifying water resource potential. Thus, we suggest that efforts should be made to exploit the available water resources thereby to solve the societal problem.
Insight Into the Early Exhumation of the Cycladic Blueschist Unit, Syros, Greece: Combined Application of Zoned Garnet Geochronology, Thermodynamic Modeling, and Quartz Elastic Barometry

Constraining conditions and mechanisms of the early stages of exhumation from within subduction zones is challenging. Although pressure, temperature, and age can be inferred from the exhumed rock record, it is generally difficult to derive each of these parameters from any single rock, thus demanding assumptions that diverse data from multiple samples can be safely combined into a single pressure‐temperature‐time (P‐T‐t) path that might then be used to infer tectonic context and mechanisms of exhumation. Here, we present new thermobarometric and geochronologic information preserved in a single sample from Syros, Greece, to deduce the conditions and rates of the earliest phase of exhumation as a part of the well‐preserved high‐pressure metamorphic rocks of the Cycladic Blueschist Unit (CBU). The sample studied here is a garnet‐bearing, quartz‐mica schist that records two distinct metamorphic events. Results from thermodynamic models and quartz‐in‐garnet elastic geobarometry show that metamorphic garnet cores formed as P‐T conditions evolved from ∼485°C and 2.2 GPa to 530°C and 2.0 GPa, and that garnet rims formed as conditions evolved from ∼560°C and 2.1 GPa to ∼550°C and 1.6 GPa. Sm‐Nd geochronology on garnet cores and rims yields ages of 45.3 ± 1.0 and 40.5 ± 1.9 Ma, respectively, thus indicating a 4.8 ± 2.1 Myr growth span. Given the decompression path calculated based on garnet core and rim P‐T estimates, we conclude that the distinct phases of garnet growth preserve evidence of the initial exhumation of portions of the CBU.
Global Survey of Electron Precipitation due to Hiss Waves in the Earth’s Plasmasphere and Plumes

We present a global survey of energetic electron precipitation from the equatorial magnetosphere due to hiss waves in the plasmasphere and plumes. Using Van Allen Probes measurements, we calculate the pitch angle diffusion coefficients at the bounce loss cone, and evaluate the energy spectrum of precipitating electron flux. Our ∼6.5‐year survey shows that, during disturbed times, hiss inside the plasmasphere primarily causes the electron precipitation at L > 4 over 8 h < MLT < 18 h, and hiss waves in plumes cause the precipitation at L > 5 over 8 h < MLT < 14 h and L > 4 over 14 h < MLT < 20 h. The precipitating energy flux increases with increasing geomagnetic activity, and is typically higher in the plasmaspheric plume than the plasmasphere. The characteristic energy of precipitation increases from ∼20 keV at L = 6–∼100 keV at L = 3, potentially causing the loss of electrons at several hundred keV.
Capacitive Coupling of Conducting Polymer Tattoo Electrodes with the Skin

Tattoo electronics is one of the emerging technologies in skin compliant biosensing. The growing interest in their large application in health monitoring raises several interrogations on how these sensors interface with the skin. In this paper, the bioimpedance at the interface of the skin and ultra‐conformable tattoo electrodes made of conducting polymers are focused on. The electrochemical characteristics of these electrodes differ from traditional gelled Ag/AgCl electrodes. The modeling of equivalent circuits in different skin‐electrode configurations proposes the explanation of the biopotentials transduction mechanism. The strong agreement between the circuit model and experimental values reveals the capacitive coupling of conducting polymer tattoo electrodes where circuit's values reflect the electrodes’ and skin physical characteristics. Additional studies underline an enhanced signal stability in inter/intra‐subject evaluations using dry tattoos beneficial for broad long‐term recordings. This study provides a comprehensive explanation of the skin/tattoo electrode interface model. The understanding of this interface is essential when designing next generation wearable biomonitoring devices using imperceptible interfaces.
Three-Dimensional Numerical Investigations of the Flow Pattern and Evolution of the Horseshoe Vortex at a Circular Pier during the Development of a Scour Hole

In the current study, a three-dimensional CFD model is utilized to investigate the variation of the flow structure and bed shear stress at a single cylindrical pier during scour development. The scour development is presented by seven solidified geometries of the scour hole, collected during previous experimental work at different scour stages. Different turbulence models are evaluated and the (k-ω) model is chosen due to its relative accuracy in capturing the flow oscillation and vortex shedding at the pier downstream side with personal computer computational and storage resources. The numerical results are verified against dimensionless parameters from different previous experimental works. This research describes in detail the flow structure and bed shear stress variations through seven stages of the scour hole development. The dimensionless area-averaged circulation coefficient (Ψi) is developed to evaluate the changes in the vortex strength through the scouring process by eliminating the calculation area effect. It was concluded that the circulation in the (Y) direction is the main driving factor in the development of the scour hole more than the circulation in the (X) direction. The ratio between the horseshoe vortex (HV) mean size and the scouring depth (DV/dS) in addition to the location of the maximum bed shear stress are investigated during different stages of the scour development.
Global distribution of material inflows to in‐use stocks in 2011 and its implications for a circularity transition

Around 40% of global raw materials that are extracted every year accumulate as in‐use stocks in the form of buildings, infrastructure, transport equipment, and other durable goods. Material inflows to in‐use stocks are a key component in the circularity transition, since the reintegration of those materials back into the economy, at the end of the stock's life cycle, means that less extraction of raw materials is required. Thus, understanding the geographical, material, and sectoral distribution of material inflows to in‐use stocks globally is crucial for circular economy policies. Here we quantify the geographical, material, and sectoral distributions of material inflows to in‐use stocks of 43 countries and 5 rest‐of‐the‐world regions in 2011, using the global, multiregional hybrid units input–output database EXIOBASE v3.3. Among all regions considered, China shows the largest amount of material added to in‐use stocks in 2011 (around 46% of global material inflows to in‐use stocks), with a per capita value that is comparable to high income regions such as Europe and North America. In these latter regions, more than 90% of in‐use stock additions are comprised of non‐metallic minerals (e.g., concrete, brick/stone, asphalt, and aggregates) and steel. We discuss the importance of understanding the distribution and composition of materials accumulated in society for a circularity transition. We also argue that future research should integrate the geographical and material resolution of our results into dynamic stock‐flow models to determine when these materials will be available for recovery and recycling. This article met the requirements for a Gold‐Gold JIE data openness badge described in http://jie.click/badges
Public Perceptions of Women’s Inclusion and Feelings of Political Efficacy

Theoretical work argues that citizens gain important symbolic benefits when they are represented by gender-inclusive institutions. Despite the centrality of this claim in the literature, empirical evidence is mixed. In this article, I argue that these mixed findings are—in part—because many Americans hold beliefs about women’s inclusion that are out of step with reality. Leveraging variation in survey respondents’ beliefs about women’s representation, I examine how these perceptions influence attitudes toward Congress and state legislatures. In both cases, I find that believing women are included is associated with higher levels of external efficacy among both men and women. Using panel data, I then show that when citizens’ underestimations (overestimations) are corrected, their levels of efficacy increase (decrease), shedding further light on this relationship. The findings presented in this research add new theoretical insights into when, and how, Americans consider descriptive representation when evaluating the institutions that represent them.
The Spatiotemporal Characteristics and Climatic Factors of COVID-19 in Wuhan, China

COVID-19 is threatening the whole world. This paper aims to explore the correlation between climatic factors and the morbidity of COVID-19 in Wuhan, China, mainly by using a geographic detector and GWR model. It was found that the response of the morbidity of COVID-19 to meteorological factors in Wuhan is different at different stages. On the whole, the morbidity of COVID-19 has a strong spatial aggregation, mainly concentrated in the central area of Wuhan City. There is a positive correlation between wind speed and the spread of COVID-19, while temperature has a negative correlation. There is a positive correlation between air pressure and the number of COVID-19 cases. Rainfall is not significantly correlated with the spread of COVID-19. It is concluded that wind speed, relative humidity, temperature, and air pressure are important meteorological factors affecting the spread of COVID-19 in Wuhan. Any two variables have greater interaction with the spatial distribution of the incidence rate of COVID-19 than any one factor alone. Those findings not only provide a new insight for the key intervention measures and the optimal allocation of health care resources accordingly but also lay a theoretical foundation for disease prevention, disease intervention and health services.
Role of ACE2 And TMPRSS2 Protease In SARS-CoV-2 Dynamics Among Household Contacts of PCR-Confirmed Cases: Impact of A Combined Serological Signature Analysis On Diagnosis

Background: To examine the hypothesis that ACE2 and TMPRSS2 expression are related to disease susceptibility and severity across age groups and to evaluate the role children play in the household transmission of SARS-CoV-2.Methods: We used a combined serological strategy to confirm past infection in subjects diagnosed with COVID-19 between march 10th and June 2nd 2020 and to evaluate their household members. We also quantified ACE2 and TPMRSS2 expression from saliva. A total of 258 households were included in the study, for a total of 650 volunteers (including 89 children aged under 18 years of age). Results: Our combined testing strategy increased our sensibility by 10%. Antibody indexes decreased with age in children and increased with age in adults. They also increased with disease severity. ACE2 expression was slightly increased in younger children. ACE2 was not related to any other factors. We did not find any relationship between TMPRSS2 expression and any of the studied factors. Children are less frequently infected by SARS-CoV-2 (OR=0,56), they present fewer symptoms and decreased severity. Age and sharing the bedroom with an index case increases the risk of acquiring the infection. The risk in adults increases with age, whereas in children, it increases in younger children. Conclusions: Our results do not support that the level of expression of ACE2 and TMPRSS2 might be related to susceptibility or severity of COVID19 disease. Children have a decreased susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection compared to adults and, when infected, they present less symptoms and a more benign course.
Dwindling Relevance of Large Volcanic Eruptions for Global Glacier Changes in the Anthropocene

Large volcanic eruptions impact climate through the injection of ash and sulfur‐containing gases into the atmosphere. While the ash particles fall out rapidly, the gases are converted to sulfate aerosols that reflect solar radiation in the stratosphere and cause a lowering of the global mean surface temperature. Earlier studies have suggested that major volcanic eruptions resulted in positive mass balances and advances of glaciers. Here, we perform a multivariate analysis to decompose global glacier mass changes from 1961 to 2005 into components associated with anthropogenic influences, volcanic and solar activities, and the El Niño‐Southern Oscillation. We find that the global glacier mass loss was mainly driven by the anthropogenic forcing, interrupted by a few years of intermittent mass gains following large volcanic eruptions. The relative impact of volcanic eruptions has dwindled due to strongly increasing greenhouse gas concentrations since the mid‐20th century.
Study on an Intelligent Prediction Method of Ticket Price in a Subway System with Public-Private Partnership

The accurate and rapid prediction of ticket prices for a public-private partnership (PPP) subway system, which is an important research topic in the field of civil engineering management, is of critical importance to ensure its smooth operation. To effectively cope with the effects of multiple influencing factors and strong nonlinearity among them, the mean impact value (MIV) method and the back-propagation (BP) feed-forward neural network improved by the sparrow search algorithm (SSA) are used in this study to develop an intelligent prediction model. First, we considered the relationship of the supply and the subway system service, which is a typical quasi-public product, and analyzed the relevant factors affecting its price adjustment. Then, we developed an intelligent method for the prediction of ticket prices based on the SSA-BP. This model not only makes full use of the powerful nonlinear modeling ability of the BP algorithm, but also takes advantage of the strong optimization ability and fast convergence speed of the SSA. Finally, this study screened out the key input factors by adopting the MIV method to simplify the structure of the BP algorithm and achieve a high prediction accuracy. In this study, Beijing Subway Line 4, Wuhan Metro Line 2, and Chengdu Metro Line 1 were selected as case study sites. The results showed that the linear correlations between influencing factors and ticket price for the PPP subway system service were weak, which indicated the need for using nonlinear analysis methods such as the BP algorithm. Compared with other prediction methods (the price adjustment method based on PPP contract, the traditional BP algorithm, the BP neural network improved by the genetic algorithm, the BP algorithm improved by the particle swarm optimization, and the support vector machine), the model proposed in this paper showed better prediction accuracy and calculation stability.
An extensive record of orogenesis recorded in a Madagascar granulite

We present a comprehensive petrological and geochronological study of a single granulite sample from the lithosphere‐scale Beraketa shear zone in southern Madagascar to constrain the orogenic history of Gondwana assembly in this region. The studied sample provides a panoply of data constraining the prograde, retrograde, and late metasomatic history of the region via the application of Ti‐in‐quartz, Ti‐in‐zircon, Zr‐in‐rutile, and Al‐in‐orthopyroxene thermobarometry; phase‐equilibrium modelling; U–Pb monazite, zircon, and rutile petrochronology; and trace element diffusion chronometry in rutile. Our results reveal five stages of metamorphism along a narrow clockwise P–T path that may have begun as early as 620–600 Ma and certainly by 580–560 Ma, based on the oldest concordant zircon dates. The rock was heated to >725°C at less than 7.5 kbar (Stage 1) before burial to ~8 kbar (Stage 2). By c. 540 Ma, the rock had heated to ~970°C at ~9 kbar, and lost approximately 12% melt (Stage 3), before decompressing and cooling to the solidus at ~860°C and 6.5 kbar within 10 Ma (Stage 4). The vast majority of monazite and zircon dates record Stage 4 cooling and exhumation. Monazite and zircon rim dates as young as c. 510 Ma record subsolidus cooling (Stage 5) and associated symplectite formation around garnet. U–Pb rutile dates record partial resetting at c. 460 Ma; Zr‐ and Nb‐in‐rutile diffusion chronometry link these dates to a metasomatic event that lasted <1 Ma at ~600°C. In addition to chronicling a near‐complete cycle of metamorphism in southern Madagascar, this study constrains the rates of heating and cooling. We estimate that heating (7–14°C/Ma) outpaced reasonable radiogenic heating rates with modest mantle heat conduction. Therefore, we conclude that elevated mantle heat conduction or injection of mantle‐derived magmas likely contributed to regional ultrahigh‐temperature metamorphism (UHTM). Exhumation and cooling from peak metamorphic conditions to the solidus occurred at rates greater than 0.45 km/Ma and 14°C/Ma.
Discovery, Engineering, and Synthetic Application of Transaminase Biocatalysts

Transaminases have attracted considerable interest in their use as biocatalysts for the synthesis of compounds containing chiral amine units, which are widespread within the pharmaceutical, agrochemical, and fine chemical industry. Recent developments in enzyme- and process-engineering have expedited their use in asymmetric synthesis; however, industrial applications are still hindered by a number of factors, including equilibrium thermodynamics, product inhibition, and poor substrate tolerance. Detailed and comprehensive approaches to each of these challenges have been reported during the last two decades; the most representative enzyme discovery and screening strategies, protein and equilibrium engineering, and immobilization techniques are reviewed herein. Furthermore, we present a detailed look into the applications of transaminases for the synthesis of a variety of amine-containing compounds and the integration of transaminases into multienzymatic systems that allow access to a variety of highly comp.
Trademarks, patents and the appropriation strategies of incumbents: the scope of new firm formation in European regions

ABSTRACT Analysis of the relationship between knowledge spillovers and new firm formation in 980 NUTS-3 regions at the industry level shows that regional knowledge stocks represented by patents positively influence new firm formation, but that knowledge protection and appropriation strategies of incumbents discourage it. Knowledge stocks represented by trademarks translate into higher entry rates in the absence of a pronounced appropriation strategy of incumbents or when entrants do not directly compete with the trademarking incumbents. Our findings highlight the two-sided effects of trademarks: as an indicator of product novelties as well as a potential expression of strengthened incumbent appropriation strategies.