Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Human Papillomavirus-Associated Head and Neck Cancers. Where are We Now? A Systematic Review

Background Human papillomavirus targets the skin and mucous membranes, producing benign hyperplastic lesions and precancerous and cancerous lesions. An increasing number of head and neck cancersin particular, oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma, laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma, and oral squamous cell carcinoma, are attributable to HPV infection. HPV-induced HNCs typically affect younger, nonsmoking patients with no prior history of heavy alcohol use, more extensive sexual history, and higher socioeconomic status. Aim The purpose of the review is to present the most recent and well-established findings concerning HPV-induced head and neck cancers and consequently to provide medical specialists with essential information regarding the epidemiology, the role of HPV in HNC cancerogenesis, prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Material and Methods All authors independently have searched The EMbase, Medline/Pubmed, and Cochrane databases by using the following keywords “head and neck cancer”, “human papillomavirus”, “HPV”, “HPV biology”, “oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma”, “carcinogenesis”, “transoral surgery”, “robotic surgery”. The last search was conducted in March 2022. The references of the publications of interest were also screened for relevant papers. There were no limitations in regard to the publication date. Conclusion Aiming to avoid the epidemic of HPV-induced HNC, it is paramount to improve the access to vaccination as well as resolve parental concerns regarding vaccine safety. Physicians should rely on reduced-dose radiation and aim to reduce the overall treatment time. Thanks to a more elaborate understanding of the genomic background of HPV-induced HNC, precision medicine could become a relevant part of patients’ management. In comparison to traditional techniques and non-operative treatment, transoral robotic surgery (TORS) offers similar oncologic and functional outcomes, with a possible benefit on long-term quality of life. However, more research is needed to establish clear guidelines indicating when TORS resections should be supported with adjuvant therapy.
MACHO 96-LMC-2: Lensing of a Binary Source in the Large Magellanic Cloud and Constraints on the Lensing Object

We present photometry and analysis of the microlensing alert MACHO 96-LMC-2 (event LMC-14 in an earlier paper). This event was initially detected by the MACHO Alert System and subsequently monitored by the Global Microlensing Alert Network (GMAN). The ~3% photometry provided by the GMAN follow-up effort reveals a periodic modulation in the light curve. We attribute this to binarity of the lensed source. Microlensing fits to a rotating binary source magnified by a single lens converge on two minima, separated by Δχ2 ~ 1. The most significant fit X1 predicts a primary which contributes ~100% of the light, a dark secondary, and an orbital period (T) of ~9.2 days. The second fit X2 yields a binary source with two stars of roughly equal mass and luminosity and T = 21.2 days. Observations made with the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) resolve stellar neighbors which contribute to the MACHO object's baseline brightness. The actual lensed object appears to lie on the upper LMC main sequence. We estimate the mass of the primary component of the binary system, M ~ 2 M☉. This helps to determine the physical size of the orbiting system and allows a measurement of the lens proper motion. For the preferred model X1, we explore the range of dark companions by assuming 0.1 M☉ and 1.4 M☉ objects in models X1a and X1b, respectively. We find lens velocities projected to the LMC in these models of X1a = 18.3 ± 3.1 km s-1 and X1b = 188 ± 32 km s-1. In both these cases, a likelihood analysis suggests an LMC lens is preferred over a Galactic halo lens, although only marginally so in model X1b. We also find X2 = 39.6 ± 6.1 km s-1, where the likelihood for the lens location is strongly dominated by the LMC disk. In all cases, the lens mass is consistent with that of an M dwarf. Additional spectra of the lensed source system are necessary to further constrain and/or refine the derived properties of the lensing object. The LMC self-lensing rate contributed by 96-LMC-2 is consistent with model self-lensing rates. Thus, even if the lens is in the LMC disk, it does not rule out the possibility of Galactic halo microlenses altogether. Finally, we emphasize the unique capability of follow-up spectroscopic observations of known microlensed LMC stars, combined with the nondetection of binary source effects, to locate lenses in the Galactic halo.
On asymptotic behavior of the modified Arratia flow

We study asymptotic properties of the system of interacting diffusion particles on the real line which transfer a mass [arXiv:1408.0628]. The system is a natural generalization of the coalescing Brownian motions. The main difference is that diffusion particles coalesce summing their mass and changing their diffusion rate inversely proportional to the mass. First we construct the system in the case where the initial mass distribution has the moment of the order greater then two as an $L_2$-valued martingale with a suitable quadratic variation. Then we find the relationship between the asymptotic behavior of the particles and local properties of the mass distribution at the initial time.
The Chern Character of {\theta}-summable Fredholm Modules over dg Algebras and the Supersymmetric Path Integral

We introduce the notion of a {\theta}-summable Fredholm module over a locally convex dg algebra {\Omega} and construct its Chern character as an entire cyclic cocyle in the entire cyclic complex of {\Omega}, leading to a cohomology class in the entire cyclic cohomology of {\Omega}. This extends the cocycle of Jaffe, Lesniewski and Osterwalder to the differential graded case. Using this Chern character, we prove an index theorem involving an abstract version of a Bismut-Chern character constructed by Getzler, Jones and Petrack. Our theory leads to a rigorous construction of the path integral for N=1/2 supersymmetry and provides a framework that allows to conduct a proof of the Atiyah-Singer theorem by means of a well-defined Duistermaat-Heckman type localization formula on loop space.
Thermal effects in carbonaceous dust

The temperature dependence of optical and IR absorption in hydrogenated amorphous carbon (HAC) shows that the concentration of aromatic (CH) and aliphatic (CH n , where n=2, 3) groups together with the bandgap energy Eg is a strong function of temperature. The rate constant, kl' describing the closure of the bandgap in HAC, is found to be k1",6.8(s-1) exp[ -(8000±2000)/T], and the elimination of H from HAC is also described by k1. At dust temperatures, between 40 and 70 K, CH and CHn concentrations in HAC are enhanced by reaction with H atoms liberated from traps with binding energies 0.05-0.2 eV. I show that the ratio of optical depth for CH (3.3-). Ull) and CHn (3.4-J.lm) absorbers, 1: (3.3)/1: (3.4), is ;(; 1 for dust that has been heated to 50-60 K for an extended time, but is otherwise small in unheated dust. These data also show that partial graphitization of HAC can occur in sources where the dust temperature T", 200 K. The release of partially graphitized 0.001-0.002 ). Ull aromatic clusters in shocks may be the initial stage in the creation of small graphite grains.
FORCED FIELD EXTRAPOLATION: TESTING A MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMIC (MHD) RELAXATION METHOD WITH A FLUX-ROPE EMERGENCE MODEL

We undertake an attempt to reconstruct the Sun's non-force-free magnetic field. The solar corona is often considered to be magnetohydrostatic. We solve the full MHD equations with a semi-realistic atmosphere model to attain this stationary state. Our method is tested with a Sun-like model which simulates the emergence of a magnetic flux rope passing from below the photosphere into the corona. Detailed diagnostics shows that our method can model the forced field more successfully than the optimization and potential method, but it still needs to be applied to real data.
Investigation of scaling laws in a turbulent boundary layer flow with adverse pressure gradient using PIV

We present an experimental investigation and data analysis of a turbulent boundary layer flow at a significant adverse pressure gradient at Reynolds number up to Reθ = 10, 000. We combine large-scale particle image velocimetry (PIV) with microscopic PIV for measuring the near wall region including the viscous sublayer. We investigate scaling laws for the mean velocity and for the total shear stress in the inner part of the boundary layer. In the inner part the mean velocity can be fitted by a log-law. In the outer part of the inner layer the log-law ceases to be valid. Instead, a modified log-law provides a good fit, which is given in terms of the pressure gradient parameter and a parameter for the mean inertial effects. Finally we describe and assess a simple quantitative model for the total shear stress distribution which is local in wall-normal direction without streamwise history effects.
Impact resistance of BIPV systems: New testing procedure for performance assessment of multifunctional products

Building integrated photovoltaics (BIPV) is progressively achieving an advanced level of technical maturity and considerable market penetration. In the last kilometre for considerable market implementation, major challenges are today mostly related to improving cost‐effectiveness and product reliability. BIPV multifunctional products are still framed in complex and sometimes unclear qualification processes, in the grey area between electrotechnical and construction sectors, impacting commercialization and users' confidence. The EN 50583 part 1 and part 2 standards today represent the main regulatory framework in Europe for BIPV. However, acts in force for product certification, in the construction and electrical sectors, in most national and local contexts are not yet harmonized for BIPV and imply wide margins of interpretation. The product's qualification in the EU is therefore based on electrical standards for photovoltaics modules or, on the other hand, on standards for construction products. To overcome some of these barriers and challenges, the authors propose a newly developed procedure for testing the impact resistance of BIPV products, introducing a performance‐based approach with the goal of combining building and electrical‐related limit states and responding to the need for a harmonized assessment to ensure the product's safety in use. The methodology and preliminary findings resulting from the application of real test cases, taking also into account the effect of temperature, are presented and analysed. As a result, it is envisaged that the implementation will help operators and prospective normative upgrades, ensuring more outstanding product quality for BIPV's market and driving towards a drop in life cycle costs.
The ‘walk on boundary’ algorithms for solving boundary value problems

'Walk on boundary' algorithms for solving potential and diffusion boundary value problems are suggested. It is shown that the usual Monte Carlo technique is not applicable in the case of stationary problems, and new statistical estimates based on the conformal transformation of the spectral parameter are suggested. The cost of suggested algorithms is studied. In the case of non-stationary problems one uses equivalent Volterra integral equations. These equations are solved by the 'walk on boundary' algorithm.
Aspects of vane film cooling with high turbulence : Part II-Adiabatic effectiveness

A four-vane subsonic cascade was used to investigate the influence of turbulence on vane film cooling distributions. The influence of film injection on vane heat transfer distributions in the presence of high turbulence was examined in part 1 of this paper. Vane effectiveness distributions were documented in the presence of a low level of turbulence (1 percent) and were used to contrast results taken at a high level (12 percent) of large-scale turbulence. All data were taken at a density ratio of about 1. The three geometries chosen to study included one row and two staggered rows of downstream film cooling on both the suction and pressure surfaces as well as a showerhead array. Turbulence was found to have a moderate influence on one and two rows of suction surface film cooling but had a dramatic influence on pressure surface film cooling, particularly at the lower velocity ratios. The strong pressure gradients on the pressure surface of the vane were also found to alter film cooling distributions substantially. At lower velocity ratios, effectiveness distributions for two staggered rows of holes could be predicted well using data from one row superposed. At higher velocity ratios the two staggered rows produced significantlymore » higher levels of effectiveness than values estimated from single row data superposed. Turbulence was also found to reduce effectiveness levels produced by showerhead film cooling substantially. « less
One component regularity for the Navier–Stokes equations

We establish sufficient conditions for the regularity of solutions of the Navier–Stokes system based on conditions on one component of the velocity. The first result states that if , where and 54/23 ⩽ r ⩽ 18/5, then the solution is regular. The second result is that if , where and 24/5 ⩽ r ⩽ ∞, then the solution is regular. These statements improve earlier results on one component regularity.
Synchronization of reinforced stochastic processes with a network-based interaction

Randomly evolving systems composed by elements which interact among each other have always been of great interest in several scientific fields. This work deals with the synchronization phenomenon, that could be roughly defined as the tendency of different components to adopt a common behavior. We continue the study of a model of interacting stochastic processes with reinforcement, that recently has been introduced in Crimaldi et al. (2016, arXiv:1602.06217). Generally speaking, by reinforcement we mean any mechanism for which the probability that a given event occurs has an increasing dependence on the number of times that events of the same type occurred in the past. The particularity of systems of such stochastic processes is that synchronization is induced along time by the reinforcement mechanism itself and does not require a large-scale limit. We focus on the relationship between the topology of the network of the interactions and the long-time synchronization phenomenon. After proving the almost sure synchronization, we provide some CLTs in the sense of stable convergence that establish the convergence rates and the asymptotic distributions for both convergence to the common limit and synchronization. The obtained results lead to the construction of asymptotic confidence intervals for the limit random variable and of statistical tests to make inference on the topology of the network given the observation of the reinforced stochastic processes positioned at the vertices.
Evaluation of a Comprehensive Profile of Salivary Analytes for the Diagnosis of the Equine Gastric Ulcer Syndrome

Simple Summary Equine gastric ulcer syndrome (EGUS) is a common and worldwide-distributed clinical situation with highly unspecific clinical signs, which is diagnosed by gastroscopic examination. Saliva is a biological fluid that has been gaining importance over the years as a diagnostic sample. Because previous studies have shown that some biomarkers change their concentration in saliva in horses with EGUS, the possible usefulness of a profile of biomarkers measured in this fluid for EGUS diagnosis has been studied in this report. A total of 23 salivary biomarkers were measured in horses with EGUS, and values were compared with those obtained in healthy animals and horses with diseases with similar symptoms to EGUS but with a negative diagnosis at gastroscopic examination. A total of 17 biomarkers were increased in saliva from horses diagnosed with EGUS compared to healthy animals, and three of those analytes showed a modest but significant statistical power for discriminating EGUS from other diseases. Abstract In this report, the measurement of salivary biomarkers as an aid for diagnosis of equine gastric ulcer syndrome (EGUS) was studied. A comprehensive panel of 23 salivary analytes was measured in the saliva of horses affected by EGUS and compared to healthy animals and horses with other diseases clinically similar to EGUS but with a negative diagnosis at gastroscopic examination. A total of 147 horses were included in the study and divided into heathy population (n = 12), the EGUS group (n = 110), and the group of horses with other diseases (n = 25). From the 23 analytes studied, 17 showed increased values in EGUS horses when compared to healthy ones, and uric acid, triglycerides, and calcium were significantly increased in horses with EGUS compared to the group of other diseases. The receiver operating characteristic curve analyses showed a modest but significant discriminatory power of those three analytes to identify EGUS from other diseases with similar symptoms. The discriminatory power enhanced when the results of the three analytes were combined. In conclusion, the results showed that selected salivary analytes could have potential use as biomarkers in horses with EGUS.
On the critical points of random matrix characteristic polynomials and of the Riemann $\xi$-function

A one-parameter family of point processes describing the distribution of the critical points of the characteristic polynomial of large random Hermitian matrices on the scale of mean spacing is investigated. Conditionally on the Riemann hypothesis and the multiple correlation conjecture, one of these limiting processes also describes the distribution of the critical points of the Riemann $\xi$-function on the critical line. We prove that each of these processes boasts stronger level repulsion than the sine process describing the limiting statistics of the eigenvalues: the probability to find $k$ critical points in a short interval is comparable to the probability to find $k+1$ eigenvalues there. Conditionally on the Riemann hypothesis we prove a similar property for the critical points and zeros of the Riemann $\xi$-function: most of the small gaps between the critical points come from adjacent small gaps between the zeros.
On The Exact Controllability of Impulsive Fractional Semilinear Functional Differential Inclusions

In this paper, we deal with the exact controllability for impulsive fractional semilinear functional differential inclusions in Hilbert spaces. Under suitable assumptions, the exact controllability of the control systems are formulated and proved. The main tools in our study rely on the fixed point theorem for multivalued maps due to Dhage associated with evolution systems.
WAVE PROPAGATION IN A 1D FLUID DYNAMICS MODEL USING PRESSURE-AREA MEASUREMENTS FROM OVINE ARTERIES

This study considers a 1D fluid dynamics arterial network model with 14 vessels developed to assimilate ex vivo 0D temporal data for pressure-area dynamics in individual vessel segments from 11 male Merino sheep. A 0D model was used to estimate vessel wall parameters in a two-parameter elastic model and a four-parameter Kelvin viscoelastic model. This was done using nonlinear optimization minimizing the least squares error between model predictions and measured cross-sectional areas. Subsequently, estimated values for elastic stiffness and unstressed area were related to construct a nonlinear relationship. This relation was used in the network model. A 1D single vessel model of the aorta was then developed and used to estimate the inflow profile and parameters for total resistance and compliance for the downstream network and to demonstrate effects of incorporating viscoelasticity in the arterial wall. Lastly, the extent to which vessel wall parameters estimated from ex vivo data can be used to realistically simulate pressure and area in a vessel network was evaluated. Elastic wall parameters in the network simulations were found to yield pressure-area relationships across all vessel locations and sheep that were in ranges comparable to those in the ex vivo data.
Research challenges to ultra‐efficient inorganic solid‐state lighting

Solid‐state lighting is a rapidly evolving, emerging technology whose efficiency of conversion of electricity to visible white light is likely to approach 50% within the next several years. This efficiency is significantly higher than that of traditional lighting technologies, giving solid‐state lighting the potential to enable significant reduction in the rate of world energy consumption. Further, there is no fundamental physical reason why efficiencies well beyond 50% could not be achieved, which could enable even more significant reduction in world energy usage. In this article, we discuss in some detail: (a) the several approaches to inorganic solid‐state lighting that could conceivably achieve “ultra‐high,” 70% or greater, efficiency, and (b) the significant research questions and challenges that would need to be addressed if one or more of these approaches were to be realized.
Esophageal obstruction due to trichobezoar in a she-camel (Camelus dromedarius)

Background: Occurrences of esophageal foreign bodies are common in camels. Esophageal obstruction in camels due to bezoars is rare. Case Description: This report describes esophageal obstruction in camel due to trichobezoar. A 2-year-old she-camel presented with a history of inability to swallow and there was food and water regurgitation for one day before. Radiography and endoscopic examination revealed an oval-shaped foreign body embedded in the esophageal lumen in the level distal third of the neck. The foreign body was successfully removed using cervical esophagotomy under general anesthesia. Successful esophagostomy revealed trichobezoar weighing 45 g and measuring 85 mm × 75 mm × 42 mm. The trichobezoar removed from the esophagus was the cause of esophageal obstruction. Conclusion: Esophageal obstruction in camel could be due to trichobezoar. Radiography and endoscopy are valuable diagnostic methods to determine the position and nature of an obstructive object.
Blow up of solutions of semilinear heat equations in general domains

Consider the nonlinear heat equation vt - Δv = |v|p-1v in a bounded smooth domain Ω ⊂ ℝn with n > 2 and Dirichlet boundary condition. Given up a sign-changing stationary classical solution fulfilling suitable assumptions, we prove that the solution with initial value ϑup blows up in finite time if |ϑ - 1| > 0 is sufficiently small and if p is sufficiently close to the critical exponent . Since for ϑ = 1 the solution is global, this shows that, in general, the set of the initial data for which the solution is global is not star-shaped with respect to the origin. This phenomenon had been previously observed in the case when the domain is a ball and the stationary solution is radially symmetric.