Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Disclosure of Strategic Managers’ Factotum: Behavioral Incentives of Innovative Business

Many kinds of research has suggested that innovation is positively linked to business performance and that it acts as an intermediary between organizational variables and financial performance measured by earnings achieved. Researchers worldwide have paid great attention to identifying and exploiting the main drivers of innovation management, which has led to many research articles that have adopted different approaches and identified several factors that are related to innovation. Nevertheless, there is some ambiguity about the critical behavioral factors for innovation. Therefore, this study aims to identify behavioral incentives, or key factors, that impact business innovation and financial stability, mainly in the field of strategic management, and to reveal the latest trend in corporate innovation policy by using bibliographic mapping. The purpose is to precisely define specific incentives that can influence the overall productivity and profitability of a business, and this list of innovation factors can be of benefit to a strategic manager in introducing or supporting innovative activities. The analysis is preceded by an in-depth study of publications from the Web of Science and Scopus databases and based on the VOS Viewer method (which is a mapping and clustering program for network data), the available keywords are analyzed, and then a list of incentives in strategic innovation is compiled.
Children’s friendship quality trajectories from middle childhood to early adolescence and prediction from sex

We investigated the development of children’s self-reported positive (Companionship and Recreation, Validation and Caring, Help and Guidance, Intimate Disclosure, and Conflict Resolution) and negative (Conflict and Betrayal) friendship quality from the third to sixth grades using The National Institute of Child Health and Development (NICHD) Study of Early Child Care and Youth Development data (NICHD SECCYD; n = 1,364; M age = 9.03 years; 51.70% boys at recruitment). Consistent with expectations, growth models suggested that children reported higher positive, and lower negative, friendship quality with age. Boys had significantly lower positive friendship quality at third grade and slower increases than girls. Boys had slower decreases in negative friendship quality than girls. It is possible that different social orientations explain sex differences in friendship quality trajectories. Further research is needed to explore other factors that might account for individual differences in friendship quality trajectories.
Transcriptional analysis of the human D4Z4 and mouse Dux arrays

Facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (FSHD) is the third most common form of muscular dystrophy in Caucasians. FSHD is caused by contraction of a 3.3kb repeat array, D4Z4, to below 11 repeat units. Each of these repeat units contains an ORF encoding the DUX4 gene and at the beginning of the work described in this thesis expression of transcripts from the most distal repeat of this D4Z4 array had been reported. However, expression data from the DUX4 gene was new and most research focussed on contraction of the array having a position affect on the expression of neighbouring genes. There is a similar Dux array located in the mouse genome. This array also contains an ORF in each repeat and transcripts from this gene have been detected in a number of different tissues. This array is not present in the same chromosomal location as the D4Z4 array in humans so is unlikely to be a true ortholog, however it is the only Dux array in the mouse genome and may therefore be functionally equivalent. The work described in this thesis provides evidence for transcription from multiple repeats of the D4Z4 array in a human embryonal carcinoma cell line and gives information on the sequence variation within these transcripts. In addition, this work contributes to an understanding of expression from the mouse Dux array. Similar to the human array, expression appears to come from multiple repeat units, and analysis of the sequences amplified by RT-PCR identifies variants which suggest some of these transcripts are non-coding. The aim of this work is to determine whether human DUX4 and mouse Dux genes have equivalent functions with the long-term goal of producing a mouse model for FSHD
The Influence of Solonetz Soil Limited Growth Conditions on Bread Wheat Yield

The wheat yield variation on solonetz and chernozem soil in six environments was in study in order to obtain information for use of genetic variability and for building strategy in plant breeding for less productive and marginal environments. The sample of eight bread wheat varieties: Renesansa, Pobeda, Rapsodija, Dragana, Cipovka, Evropa 90, NSR-5 and Nevesinjka, which are characterized by tolerance to stressful growing conditions and broader adaptability, was selected for the study. The trial was established by Randomized Complete Block Design in three replications at two locations in the Pannonian Plain, Northern Serbia in two vegetation periods 2004/2005 and 2008/2009. Locations differed in a soil type, primarily. The tested locality was on solonetz, while control locality was on chernozem soil type. Additive Main and Multiplicative Interaction model (AMMI) grouped varieties that exhibited strong reaction to environmental improvement (Nevesinjka and Evropa 90). varieties showing fairly small GE interaction (Renesansa, Cipovka and Pobeda) and varieties having the ability for maximum use of less productive soil in better meteorological conditions (Dragana, Rapsodija and NSR-5). Meteorological conditions significantly influenced the effect of soil quality variation on grain yield in trial. Varieties have interacted differently with the environment, depending on their genetic background.
Can Social Networks Make Us More Sensitive to Social Discrimination? E-Contact, Identity Processes and Perception of Online Sexual Discrimination in a Sample of Facebook Users

In recent years psychosocial studies have given a growing attention to online intergroup contact in reducing prejudice. Nevertheless, there is still a lack of evidence on processes that could mediate this relation. The present study aimed to fill this gap. Focused on intergroup relationships between people with different sexual orientations, it examined whether and to what extent identity processes—i.e., sexual identity commitment and exploration—mediated the relationship between online intergroup contact and perception of mediated and vicarious sexual online discrimination on Facebook. Data was collected with a sample of 357 Facebook users (Mage = 26.07, SD = 8.37; females: 64.9%, males: 35.1%) who completed an online questionnaire. A full Structural Equation Modeling was tested. Results showed that: (a) Online contact was positively associated with perceived online sexual discrimination; (b) online contact was positively associated with identity exploration but not commitment; (c) exploration—but not commitment—was positively associated with perceived online sexual discrimination; (d) sexual identity exploration—but not commitment—mediated the relationship between online contact and perception of sexual discrimination, increasing the positive effect of contact on perceived discrimination. Limitations and directions for future research were discussed.
Handbook of Phytochemical Constituents of GRAS Herbs and Other Economic Plants

CRC Handbook of Phytochemical Constituents of GRAS Herbs and Other Economic Plants is a unique catalog that includes more than 15,000 phytochemical constituents from over 1,000 higher plant species. This volume covers all of the generally-recognized-as-safe (GRAS) herbs and at least 250 important food and medicinal plants. Each entry features the scientific name, one or more common names, a listing of phytochemical constituents, a single datum or range of quantitative data (wet-weight to dry-weight in parts per million), two-letter abbreviation identifying the plant part, and three-letter abbreviation(s) indicating the source(s) of the data. The extraordinary amount of data compiled into an easy-to-use tabular format makes the CRC Handbook of Phytochemical Constituents of GRAS Herbs and Other Economic Plants a volume useful to all pharmacologists, toxicologists, nutritionists, pharmacognicists, and food scientists.
An Effective Method to Extract Overtones of Surface Wave From Array Seismic Records of Earthquake Events

Surface wave dispersion curves are extensively used to map the lithospheric shear‐wave velocity structures. However, traditional methods have difficulty extracting overtone dispersion curves from both ambient noise and seismic event data. Recently, Wang et al. (2019, https://doi.org/10.1029/2018JB016595) proposed a new array‐based method, the frequency‐Bessel transform (F‐J) method, to extract high frequency overtones from ambient noise data. However, because the Green's functions of earthquakes are complex, the F‐J method cannot be directly applied to extract overtones from earthquake event data. In this paper, we analyze the differences between ambient noise and earthquake event data and verify that the F‐J method can be efficiently applied to event data by controlling the azimuthal range and adopting time windows. For the F‐J method using earthquake records, the time windows calculated by group velocity intervals can improve the overtone extraction efficiency. We named this application of the F‐J method with time windows using event data the multiwindow F‐J (MWFJ) method to distinguish the two techniques. Further verifications were performed using real data from three earthquakes recorded by the U.S. Transportable Array. Compared to traditional methods for extracting overtones from earthquakes, the MWFJ method can effectively extract higher‐frequency (0.02–0.4 Hz, for the data used in this work) and higher‐resolution overtones from event data. Moreover, the overtones extracted from earthquakes are more sensitive to deeper structures than those extracted from ambient noise. The complementarity of the F‐J and MWFJ methods for the extraction of overtones indicates that better imaging results may be obtained by combining these two methods.
Conflicts over wildlife conservation: Learning from the reintroduction of beavers in Scotland

Abstract Species reintroductions have become a common conservation tool, but they can be controversial and may generate social conflicts. We examine the social dimension of beaver reintroduction in Scotland to understand the issue, the potential for, and impact of, conflict between groups or individuals with differing views on beavers and reintroductions. Using a literature review and semi-structured interviews, we studied planned and unplanned beaver reintroductions to three contrasting landscapes in Scotland: in Knapdale, the reintroduction was planned and science-led, whereas in Tayside and the Highlands, the reintroductions were accidental and/or illegal. Our results highlight the context dependency and complexity of reintroductions. Nationally, the reintroduction of beavers has not become a conflict. At the local scale, we found the Tayside situation to be a conflict with major consequences on the debate at the national scale. While there were no conflicts in the Highlands and Knapdale, the reintroduction remains controversial. The level of conflict depended on the reintroduction process, relationships between stakeholders and their perspectives on their role in nature, their perceptions of landscapes, and the potential issue of lack of control and uncertainty around reintroductions. Based on these findings, the study outlines lessons learned in terms of management, guidelines and implications for future species reintroductions. We argue that to prevent future conflicts over reintroductions, processes must go beyond addressing the effects of reintroduced species on the environment and people's perceptions and acceptance of these species. Reintroduction processes require engagement in effective discussions which involve all actual and potential stakeholders to agree on broad and long-term conservation plans at the landscape scale. A free Plain Language Summary can be found within the Supporting Information of this article.
Determination of phenological and pomological characteristics of some apple cultivars in Nİğde-Turkey ecological conditions.

The aim of this study was to define phenological and pomological characteristics of some apple varieties grafted on dwarf and semi-dwarf rootstocks. The experiment was conducted at Sazlıca/Niğde on the orchard of private sector during 2006 and 2007. In this experiment, bud swelling, bud breaking, begin of blooming, full blooming, last blooming and harvesting data of Galaxy, Mondial Gala, Red Chief, Super Chief, Oregon Spur, Scarlet Spur, Early Red One, Granny Smith and Fuji (Standard type) apple varieties were observed. The results from our research shown that, full blooming date was 20 Aprilto 10 May, fruit harvesting was between 20 August and 13 October. Average weight of the fruits was 144.6 g (Galaxy Gala) to 216.3 g (Fuji). The average width of the fruits was 70.1 mm (Galaxy Gala) to 81.7 mm (Fuji). The average height of the fruits was 57.6 mm (Mondial Gala) to 70.3 mm (Granny Smith). The fruit index was 1.13 (Early Redone) to 1.22 (Galaxy Gala, Mondial Gala). The number of seeds was 6.5 (Galaxy Gala) to 9.3 (Granny Smith). The content of soluble solids in the fruits was 12.2 % (Granny Smith) to 16.5 % (Fuji). The starch amount was 1.82 (Early Red One) to 3.00 (Mondial Gala). As a result, according to phenological, pomological properties and yield results of investigated varietes for the conditions of Niğde, the cultivation of Galaxy Gala, Red Chief, Oregon Spur, Granny Smith and Fuji should recommend.
Inducible deletion of Dicer or Drosha reveals multiple functions for miRNAs in postnatal epidermis and hair follicles

miRNAs make up one of the most abundant classes of regulatory molecules as each miRNA is estimated to regulate hundreds of mRNAs. The repressive effects on individual target mRNAs are typically relatively mild and the deletion of individual or even multiple related miRNAs often results in subtle phenotypes. Changes in the miRNA expression profiles of multiple tumor samples, including melenoma and epithelial skin cancers, suggest a widespread alteration in miRNA networks during tumorigenesis. Similarily, miRNA networks are essential for the development of multiple systems, including the hair follicle. Although a few epidermal miRNAs have been studied in adult skin, global miRNA loss has not been evaluated. Two key endonucleases, Dicer and Drosha, are required for miRNA biogenesis; however both enzymes have miRNA-independent functions of processing siRNA or preribosomal RNAs, respectively. To elucidate miRNA function in adult skin, we generated mice with inducible epidermal deletion of each endonuclease and assayed for shared phenotypes. Deletion of Dicer or Drosha in adult life resulted exclusively in a shared spectrum of phenotypes, indicating that their major function is in miRNA biogenesis, rather than in non-miRNA dependent roles. Interestingly neither enzyme was necessary to maintain resting hair follicles, but both were required during distinct phases of adult hair follicle growth: for the viability of the transient amplifying population; for normal hair shaft formation; and for initiation of hair follicle regression. After prolonged loss of either enzyme, follicular degradation occurred concomitantly with epidermal thickening and dermal inflammation, suggesting additional miRNA roles in hair follicle maintenance and epidermal homeostasis. Analysis of miR-205 targets, a miRNA highly expressed throughout the hair follicle growth cycle, revealed significantly increased levels of Zeb2, and E2F1 in Dicer mutant skin suggesting that deregulation of these factors may contribute to Dicer and Drosha mutant phenotypes, facilitating future studies of their regulation and function in the skin. These results demonstrate specific requirements for miRNAs in maintaining the ability of adult hair follicles to grow and regenerate, and indicate that Drosha and Dicer dependent miRNAs play multiple roles at successive time points of the hair follicle growth cycle. Degree Type Dissertation Degree Name Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) Graduate Group Cell & Molecular Biology First Advisor Sarah E. Millar Second Advisor Edward E. Morrisey This dissertation is available at ScholarlyCommons: http://repository.upenn. edu/edissertations/587
Insights From CMIP6 for Australia's Future Climate

Outputs from new state‐of‐the‐art climate models under the Coupled Model Inter‐comparison Project phase 6 (CMIP6) promise improvement and enhancement of climate change projections information for Australia. Here we focus on three key aspects of CMIP6: what is new in these models, how the available CMIP6 models evaluate compared to CMIP5, and their projections of the future Australian climate compared to CMIP5 focussing on the highest emissions scenario. The CMIP6 ensemble has several new features of relevance to policymakers and others, for example, the integrated matrix of socioeconomic and concentration pathways. The CMIP6 models show incremental improvements in the simulation of the climate in the Australian region, including a reduced equatorial Pacific cold tongue bias, slightly improved rainfall teleconnections with large‐scale climate drivers, improved representation of atmosphere and ocean extreme heat events, as well as dynamic sea level. However, important regional biases remain, evident in the excessive rainfall over the Maritime Continent and rainfall pattern biases in the nearby tropical convergence zones. Projections of Australian temperature and rainfall from the available CMIP6 ensemble broadly agree with those from CMIP5, except for a group of CMIP6 models with higher climate sensitivity and greater warming and increase in some extremes after 2050. CMIP6 rainfall projections are similar to CMIP5, but the ensemble examined has a narrower range of rainfall change in austral summer in Northern Australia and austral winter in Southern Australia. Overall, future national projections are likely to be similar to previous versions but perhaps with some areas of improved confidence and clarity.
Genetic barcoding facilitates captive and wild management of three cryptic African crocodile species complexes

Management of threatened species with conserved morphology is hindered by misidentification and potential hybridization in captivity. African crocodiles of the genera Osteolaemus, Crocodylus and Mecistops were previously considered monotypic, but have recently been identified as consisting of three, two and two cryptic species, respectively. Mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) new and published sequences from 310 wild‐caught specimens were compared with 71 US zoological specimens to identify (barcode) species. We also sequenced either nuclear lactate dehydrogenase A or an anonymous microsatellite flanking sequence in both wild and captive specimens to identify potential first‐generation intra‐generic hybridization in captive populations. The Osteolaemus COI barcoding gap was 7–9% sequence divergence. In contrast, the two African Crocodylus species had a 4.7% barcoding gap. These results, in addition to a previously published Mecistops barcoding gap (4.9%), support the use of barcoding as a tool for diagnosing African crocodile species in captive populations. Captive individuals from 14 collections in the US represented five of the seven putative African taxa. Nuclear heterozygosity at fixed polymorphisms differentiating species within genera suggested that 23% of the captive Osteolaemus samples were admixed O. tetraspis × O. sp. nov. cf. tetraspis – West Africa, while no ex situ hybrids were found for Crocodylus or Mecistops. Our results underscore the need to formally recognize divergent crocodile taxa, especially in light of regional threats, and for proper captive breeding management.
Characterization of Protein Kinases Activated during Treatment of Cells with Okadaic Acid

Six renaturable protein kinases that utilize the myelin basic protein (MBP) as a substrate were activated during prolonged exposure of cardiac myocytes to okadaic acid (OA). We characterized the substrate preference and activation of these kinases, with particular emphasis on 3 novel kinases-MBPK-55, MBPK-62 and MBPK-87. The transcription factors c-Jun, Elk, ATF2, and c-Fos that are used to assess mitogen-activated protein kinase activation were all poor substrates for these three kinases. MAPKAPK2 was also not phosphorylated. In contrast, Histone IIIS was phosphorylated by MBPK-55 and MBPK-62. These protein kinases were activated in cultured cardiac fibroblasts, H9c2 cardiac myoblasts, and Cos cells. High concentrations (0.5 to 1 μM) of OA were essential for the activation of the protein kinases in all of the cell types examined, whereas calyculin A [an inhibitor of protein phosphatase 1 (PP1) and PP2A], cyclosporin A (a PP2B inhibitor), and an inactive OA analog all failed to activate these kinases. The high dose of okadaic add that is required for kinase activation was also required for phosphatase inhibition, as assessed by immunoblotting whole cell lysates with anti-phosphothreonine antibodies. A variety of chemical inhibitors, including PD98059 (MEK-specific), genistein (tyrosine kinase-specific) and Bisindolylmaleimide I (protein kinase C-specific), failed to inhibit the OA activation of these kinases. Thus, MBPK-55 and MBPK-62 are also Histone IIIS kinases that are widely expressed and specifically activated upon exposure to high OA concentrations.
ANTIPEROXIDATIVE, FREE RADICAL SCAVENGING AND METAL CHELATING ACTIVITIES OF BOERHAAVIA DIFFUSA L.

Boerhaavia diffusa, a green leafy vegetable and medicinal plant as whole was traditionally used in treating different ailments due to its multiple pharmacological activities viz., immuno suppressant, anti-diabetic, analgesic, hepatoprotective, antiviral and antifibrinolytic activity, etc. The therapeutic importance of plants is mainly due to polyphenols and their antioxidant properties. In the present study, the antioxidant potency of methanolic extract of B. diffusa (BDE) was investigated using various in vitro model systems such as DPPH, superoxide, nitric oxide radical, hydroxyl radical scavenging, reducing power and iron chelating activity. Antiperoxidative activity of B. diffusa was also studied in linoelic acid emulsion system. BDE showed significant scavenging activity against hydroxyl and superoxide radical. It also significantly inhibited the lipid peroxidation in linoleic acid emulsion system. Multiple antioxidant activity of BDE was also evident from its significant reducing power and ferrous ion chelating potency. The data obtained in the in vitro models clearly establish the antioxidant potency of BDE. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS Boerhaavia diffusa is a well known green leafy vegetable plant, consumed by South Asian population due to its nutraceutical properties. This plant is one of the major ingredients of many herbal preparations for various disorders. But the scientific validation of the mechanism responsible for the nutraceutical properties of the plant is not fully done. So we made an attempt to evaluate the antioxidant potential of this plant, since oxidative stress play very important role in the etiology of many diseases. These results can be used to explain the beneficial effects and further application of this plant as a medicinal food against various disorders.