Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Quality Characteristics of Bread Produced from Wheat and White Kidney Bean Composite Flour

Aim: To evaluate the Quality characteristics of Bread produced from Wheat and Kidney Bean composite flour blend. Study Design: Composite bread was produced from wheat and kidney bean flour of various proportions (10, 15, 20 and 25%). Proximate (protein, ash, moisture, fibre, fat and carbohydrate) composition, functional (Bulk density, foaming capacity, swelling index, water absorption capacity and oil absorption capacity) properties and sensory (appearance, taste, flavour, texture and overall acceptability) attributes were determined. Results: Bread was produced from wheat and kidney beans composite (B, C, D and E) flour. The bread samples were subjected to physical, proximate and sensory analyses. The functional properties of the composite flour blends were also determined. The functional properties shows a significant (P<0.05) difference in water absorption capacity, oil absorption capacity and swelling index with values ranged from 1.10 – 0.60 ml/g, 1.03 – 0.76 ml/g and 5.92 – 2.89 ml/g respectively. The bulk density and foaming capacity shows significant (P<0.05) difference with its values ranging from 0.90 – 0.97 g/ml and 32.69 – 26.94 cm3 respectively as kidney beans flour increases. The result of the physical properties shows significant (P<0.05) difference in dough height, proofing rate, loaf volume, specific volume, baking loss and oven spring with values ranging from 1.169 – 3.39 cm3, 0.01 – 0.02 cm3/min, 0.79 – 1.19 cm3, 0.32 – 0.48 cm3/g, 1.59 – 2.79 and 101.58 – 102.79 respectively while the loaf weight ranged from 243.21 – 246.09 g. proximate composition of the sample were also analyzed and the result shows significant (P<0.05) difference in crude protein, moisture content, ash, crude fat, crude fibre and carbohydrate with values ranging from 8.36 – 10.47%, 22.18 – 23.28%, 0.97 – 1.38%, 11.80 – 12.94%, 0.29 – 0.59% and 51.33 – 57.10% respectively. The results of the sensory scores shows a significant (P<0.05) difference in all the samples analyzed. However, sample C with 15% kidney beans flour was most preferred. Conclusion: It could be concluded that increased in kidney beans flour addition in the production of composite bread had significant (P<0.05) impact on the proximate, physical and organoleptic properties of the bread. Hence, 85% wheat to 15% kidney bean flour should be used in bread making.
Towards managing and controlling food safety based on contamination with fungi and its mycotoxins

A significant portion of the agricultural produce in the countries and the world over become unfit for human consumption due to mycotoxins contamination of grains and cereals. The main toxic effects are carcinogenicity, genotoxicity, teratogenicity, nephrotoxicity, hepatotoxicity, reproductive disorders and imunosuppression. This study was done to identify the molds and aflatoxins that contaminate cereal–based baby foods and corn–based snacks products. The most frequent fungal genera found in the samples were Aspergillus, Penicillium, Alternaria, Fusariumand Cladosporium with frequencies of 41, 16, 10, 8 and 3%, respectively. Additionally, the numbers of contaminated cereal–based baby foods samples with AFB1, B2, G1 and G2 were 14, 2, 6 and 4%. Also, 34, 14, 18 and 8% of corn-based snack samples respectively. Ten essentials oils of (cinnamon, cumin, clove, fennel, garlic, lemon grass, marjoram, peppermint, rosemary and thyme) plants using in combating aflatoxigenic mold A. flavus growth and its aflatoxins production. The ten essential oils showed notable inhibitory effects on A. flavus growth and its aflatoxins production. Cinnamon and garlic essential oils caused complete inhibition to all types of aflatoxins at concentrations of 60 and 80μl respectively. There were some alterations produced by cinnamon, garlic and cumin essential oils at sub-lethal inhibitory concentrations such as abnormal cell shape, leakage of cell wall and the membranous organelles were disrupted.
Effectiveness of a Summer Bridge Program at McLennan Community College

After graduation, high school seniors face difficult decisions concerning their postsecondary education. Postsecondary education occurs after high school, including enrollment in four-year universities, two-year higher-education institutions, or trade schools. The importance of obtaining a college education is evident in the projected difference in income between individuals who hold a high school diploma and those who hold a postsecondary degree (Baum & Payea, 2013). However, being underprepared for the rigors of college-level work is a barrier that many students must overcome before they even begin college courses. Students considered underprepared typically do not have the academic and affective skills needed to succeed in college-level courses. Affective skills are those needed for students to control their emotions during the learning process (Vermunt, 1996). The gap in preparedness between secondary and postsecondary education causes approximately 40% of graduating seniors who enter college to require DE courses before starting college-level courses (Adams, 2012), and the number of students who enter postsecondary education requiring DE is a challenge for both twoand four-year institutions of higher education (Pretlow & Wathington, 2012). According to ACT (2015), students not considered college ready at the beginning of their freshman year are less likely to succeed in reaching their educational goals by comparison to those who are. Researchers at a California institute found that approximately 72% of students identified as college ready graduated, while only approximately 39% of students deemed underprepared did so (Allen & Bir, 2012). The attrition rate among students deemed as underprepared is a driving force that has led twoand four-year universities to create summer bridge programs to increase the academic and affective skills students need to be successful in college. These programs focus on decreasing the length of students’ DE course sequences and increasing academic preparedness and the affective skills needed to be successful at the college level. The components of summer bridge programs vary across institutions in length, focus, and structure; however, one commonality is that all are designed to help underprepared students achieve their postsecondary goals.
The Effects of Country Image on Service Quality: A Case of 5G Network Introduction in Thailand

The purposes of this research were to measure and compare the service quality perceptions of three potentially 5G network providers of the country from the U.S., South Korea, and China. Four hundred and thirty eight questionnaires were answered by perspective end-users in Bangkok. Statistical instruments such as mean, standard deviation, t-test, and OneWay-ANOVA with the significant level at 0.05 were selected to complete the process of data analysis. The results revealed that the highest service quality ranking was the 5G network providers from the U.S., South Korea, and China respectively. In hypothesis test, the average service quality of the U.S. was significantly higher than those of China. In addition, the study found that the service quality of network providers between developed countries (the U.S., and South Korea) and developing country (China) in this case were significantly different as well. Keywords—5G Network Provider, Country image, SERVQUAL, Thailand.
Is Monetary Policy Responsive to External Reserves?: empirical evidences from Nigeria

The global economy has witnessed extraordinary boost in the accumulation of external reserves, following the Asian financial crisis of the 1990s. External reserves increased sharply from US$1.2 trillion in 1995 to over US$10.0 trillion in January 2012. Developing countries increased their share from 30.0 per cent in 1990 to 67.0 per cent in 2011. Nigeria is not left out in this trend, as external reserves grew from US$5.5 billion in 1999 to US$34.68 billion in March 2012, representing over 530 per cent increase within the period. This placed Nigeria as the 44th largest reserves holder in the world. Reflecting on this phenomenal increase in Nigeria’s reserves, that places Nigeria in such a strategic position, there is the need to examine, if the Central Bank of Nigeria considers the changes in the level of reserves, in its monetary policy decision making. The study applied an Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) approach to an extended version of the Taylor-type rule to estimate the monetary policy reaction function for Nigeria, with emphasis on external reserves. The results show that the Central Bank of Nigeria reacts to changes in the level of external reserves and exchange rate, in addition to output gap, thereby rendering the cogent conventional Taylor rule inadequate to assess the monetary policy reaction function of the Central Bank of Nigeria. This justifies the modification of the rule to incorporate other variables in addition to inflation and output to capture the reaction of monetary policy to developments in the economy. The study also validates the interest rate smoothing behavior, showing that the Central Bank of Nigeria is concerned with costs associated with interest rate variability.
The Global Financial Cycle and Capital Flow Episodes: A Wobbly Link?

We add to the literature on the influence of the global financial cycle (GFC) and gyrations in capital flows. First, we build a new measure of the GFC based on a structural factor approach, which incorporates theoretical priors in its definition. This measure can also be decomposed in a price-based and quantity-based version of the GFC, which is novel in the literature. Second, we compare our measure to other common existing indicators of the GFC. Third, we estimate the influence of the fluctuations in the GFC on capital flow episodes (sudden stops, flights, retrenchments, surges) and currency crises, also testing for its stability and linearity. We find that the nexus between the GFC and capital flow episodes is generally consistent and not very wobbly. In line with theoretical priors, we find some evidence that the GFC is more important for sudden stops when it is more negative, i.e. the relationship is (mildly) convex, in keeping with a role for occasionally binding constraints, but the evidence for this feature is not strong. JEL Classification: F32, F33, F36, F42, F44
Prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella and Yersinia in the feces of hunted wildlife in Abeokuta, Nigeria

Meat from wildlife contributes significantly to food security and income generation in many African communities. Salmonellae and yersiniae are important causes of foodborne infections. This study investigated the presence and antimicrobial resistance of salmonellae and yersiniae in the fecal contents of hunted wild rodents and ruminants at a wildlife meat-processing center in Abeokuta, Nigeria. Bacteria were isolated and identified by selective culture methods and biochemical characterization. Antimicrobial susceptibility was determined by the Kirby Bauer disk diffusion method. Salmonellae were isolated from 15 (9.8%) and yersiniae from 11 (7.2%) samples out of 153. Salmonellae were detected in nine cane rats (Thryonomys swinderianus), five royal antelopes (Neotragus pygmaeus) and one African giant rat (Cricetomys gambianus). Yersiniae were detected in eight cane rats, two royal antelopes and one waterbuck (Kobus ellipsiprymnus). The levels of resistance in Salmonella isolates were 100% for ampicillin and ceftiofur, 93.3% for tetracycline, 33.3% for cefotaxime, 26.7% for ceftazidime, 13.3% for amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, nalidixic acid and sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim, and 6.7% for gentamicin, streptomycin and norfloxacin. The levels of resistance in yersiniae isolates were 81.8% for ampicillin, 72.7% for ceftiofur, 63.6% for nalidixic acid, 54.5% for cefotaxime, ceftazidime and sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim, 36.4% for tetracycline, 27.3% for amoxicillin/clavulanic acid and streptomycin, 18.2% for ciprofloxacin, and 9.1% for chloramphenicol and gentamicin. All the isolates showed multiresistance to antimicrobials from at least three different classes. The detection of antimicrobial resistant salmonellae and yersiniae in wildlife is of veterinary and public health significance as these organisms can be transmitted to domestic animals and humans.
Yearly variation in allelopathic compound production along a climatic gradient. A case of study of Empetrum nigrum

4 Introduction . 4 Material and methods . 8 Study region . 8 Study design . 8 Chemical extraction . 9 Analysis of chemical composition . 9 Antioxidant activity analysis . 10 Average shoot length . 10 Weather data . 11 Statistical analysis . 11 Results . 13 Batatasin-III and caffeic acid concentration. 13 Antioxidant activity and shoot length . 14 Ordination analysis . 14 Effects of weather variables on plant traits. 15 Discussion . 15 Site differences and effects of weather on concentration of batatasin-III and caffeic acid . 16 Site differences and effects of weather on antioxidant activity and shoot growth . 17 Bibliography . 18 Figures . 24 Tables . 29
Effect of Spraying Seaweed Extracts and Silicon on yield and Fruit Quality of Zaghloul Date Palms Grown under Sandy Soil Conditions

This study was carried out through 2014 and 2015 in a private date palm orchard located in New Assuit City district, Assuit Governorate to study the effect of spraying with different concentrations of two seaweed extraction, (Eprosil-k at 4%) and (Oligo-x at 2 or 4%) either alone or with silicon nutrient at (0.5%), on yield and fruit quality of Zaghloul date palms. palms sprayed three times during grown seasons (first of April, May and June) with Seaweed extracts at 2 or 4% either alone or with silicon were very effective on improving yield and fruit quality (fruit weight, dimensions, total soluble solids and sugar contents) in comparison with control treatment. The promotion on these characters was observed when the concentrations of Oligo-x (Seaweed extract compound) were increased from 2 to 4%. The best results with regard to yield and fruit quality of Zaghloul date palms were obtained due to spray the palms three times with a mixture of seaweed extract (Oligo-x at 4%) and silicon nutrient at 0.5%.
Study on impact of self-help groups in east khasi hills district of Meghalaya

Self-help group is a method of organizing the poor and the marginalized people to come together for solving their individual problems. The present study was conducted in ten selected villages from Mylliem and Mawphlang Blocks of East Khasi Hills district of Meghalaya. For study six beneficiaries and six non-beneficiaries from each village were selected randomly as respondents to comprise a sample of 120 respondents. The findings of the study indicate overall medium impact followed by high and low overall impact on beneficiaries on their socio economic status. Further, the study reveals significant difference amongst impact mean score of both type of respondents. Membership in SHG helped in income generation, banking and increased in extension contact, decision making, confidence building, risk taking ability achievement motivation and leadership. SHGS are further helpful in opening up entrepreneurial avenues and overall in the enhancement of socio-economic status of beneficiaries were reflected through the present study.
Differences in 1-Year Persistence Rates by the Institutional Status of Hispanic Community College Students in Texas

In this investigation, the 1-year persistence rates of Hispanic students in Texas community colleges were analyzed for the 2007-2008 through the 2013-2014 academic years. Of particular interest was whether the 1-year persistence rates of Hispanic students different by their institutional status (i.e., stayed at the same community college or transferred to a different community college). Inferential statistical analyses revealed the presence of statistically significant differences in the 1-year persistence rates of Hispanic students in Texas community colleges by institutional status in the 2007-2008, 20082009, 2009-2010, 2011-2012, 2012-2013, and 2013-2014 academic years. The 1-year persistence rates were higher for Hispanic Texas community college students when they stayed at the same community college rather than when they transferred to a different community college. The 1-year persistence rates of Hispanic students who stayed at the same Texas community college ranged from a low of 54% to a high of 60%. In comparison, the 1-year persistence rates of Hispanic students who transferred to a different Texas community college ranged from a low of 42% to a high of 51%.
A Life Event and Social Stratification Analysis of Poverty Transitions in Western European Countries

This is a pre-copyedited, author-produced version of the following book chapter: Vandecasteele, L. (2012). Life Events and Poverty Risks: a European Comparative Analysis (pp. 448-466). In J. Motmans Joz, D. Cuypers, P. Meier, D. Mortelmans & P. Zanoni (Eds.), Equal is not enough: challenging differences and inequalities in contemporary societies. Antwerp: Policy Research Centre on Equal opportunities. Please refer to the published version when citing this book chapter.
THROUGH SCIENTIFIC APPROACH BY USING PROBLEM SOLVING TO IMPROVE MATHEMATICAL UNDERSTANDING ABILITY STUDENTS

This research is a research through a scientific approach by using problem solving to improve the understanding of mathematical abilities of vocational students. This research is a quasi-experimental form the which aims to test the achievement and improvement of students' understanding of mathematical skills through a scientific approach, using problem solving rather than learning that only uses a scientific approach. And examine the implementation of learning steps through a scientific approach, using problem solving. The population in this study were all students of class X Vocational School in Bandung Regency, while the sample was class X students from one of the Vocational Schools roomates were determined purposively and were randomly selected from the existing class X. Based on the results of the data analysis, it was concluded that the achievement and improvement of the understanding of mathematical abilities of Vocational students who learning obtained through the scientific approach, using problem solving was better than reviews those who obtained using the scientific approach learning only. And the implementation of learning through a scientific approach, using problem solving is Carried out in accordance with the planned learning steps
TURUN KAUPPAKORKEAKOULUN JULKAISUJA PUBLICATIONS OF THE TURKU SCHOOL OF ECONOMICS AND BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION

This paper analyzes the certainty equivalent deterministic characterization of a class of stochastic valuations arising typically in studies considering irreversible investment in the presence of revenue and cost uncertainty. We demonstrate that certainty equivalence can be attained by adjusting either the growth rate of the underlying diffusions modelling the revenues and costs or by adjusting the interest rate at which future cash flows are discounted. We also consider the comparative static properties of these adjustments and demonstrate that the sensitivity of the optimal policy with respect to changes in volatility is a process-specific, and not a payoff-specific, property.
A review of the biomechanical determinants of rugby scrummaging performance

Background The scrum is a physical contest unique to the game of rugby union, important for determining match outcomes. Objective This review will describe the current understanding of the kinetic and kinematic determinants of successful scrum performance to support coaching interventions and inform on future research. Methods Literature review. Results Individual and combined scrumming forces increase with playing level but there is no concurrent increase in body mass or player strength. There is very little variation in individual kinematics between individuals and across levels of play, suggesting that there are limited possible techniques for successful scrummaging. Live scrum contests are dynamic and require constant adjustments to body positions in response to increased compressive force and exaggerated lateral and vertical force components. Skilled performers are able to exert high levels of horizontal force while maintaining effective body positions within this dynamic environment. Conclusion Success in scrummaging depends on the optimisation of joint angles and force production at the individual level, and the coordination of effort at a team level. The analysis presented here demonstrates that producing large scrum-specific forces and achieving the optimal ‘body shape’ are essential for successful scrum performance.
Influence of Concrete Cracking in the Tensile Strength of Cast-in Headed Anchors

Abstract—Headed reinforcement bars are increasingly used for anchorage in concrete structures. Applications include connections in composite steel-concrete structures, such as beam-column joints, in several strengthening situations as well as in more traditional uses in cast-in-place and precast structural systems. This paper investigates the reduction in the ultimate tensile capacity of embedded cast-in headed anchors due to concrete cracking. A series of nine laboratory tests are carried out to evaluate the influence of cracking on the concrete breakout strength in tension. The experimental results show that cracking affects both the resistance and load-slip response of the headed bar anchors. The strengths measured in these tests are compared to theoretical resistances calculated following the recommendations presented by fib Bulletin no. 58 (2011), ETAG 001 (2010) and ACI 318 (2014). The influences of parameters such as the effective embedment depth (hef), bar diameter (ds), and the concrete compressive strength (fc) are analysed and discussed. The theoretical recommendations are shown to be over-conservative for both embedment depths and were, in general, inaccurate in comparison to the experimental trends. The ACI 318 (2014) was the design code which presented the best performance regarding to the predictions of the ultimate load, with an average of 1.42 for the ratio between the experimental and estimated strengths, standard deviation of 0.36, and coefficient of variation equal to 0.25.
THRESHOLD DYNAMICS IN A STOCHASTIC SIRS EPIDEMIC MODEL WITH NONLINEAR INCIDENCE RATE

We discuss the dynamic of a stochastic Susceptible-InfectiousRecovered-Susceptible (SIRS) epidemic model with nonlinear incidence rate.The crucial threshold R̃0 is identified and this will determine the extinction and persistence of the epidemic when the noise is small. We also discuss the asymptotic behavior of the stochastic model around the endemic equilibrium of the corresponding deterministic system. When the noise is large, we find that a large noise intensity has the effect of suppressing the epidemic, so that it dies out. Finally, these results are illustrated by computer simulations.