Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Sleep Characteristics and Risk Factors of Korean Esports Athletes: An Exploratory Study

Background and ObjectiveaaAlthough sleep is a potentially important determinant of performance in esports, there have been no published data on the sleep behavior of professional esports athletes. The aim of this study is to investigate sleep aspects and sleep risk factors in esports athletes. MethodsaaThirty-four esports athletes were compared with 21 nonathletes from the general population to assess their sleep patterns and mood. Study 1 is a quantitative study with a 2-week observation period of sleep that was performed after evaluating insomnia severity, daytime sleepiness, sleep knowledge, and mood state. During the sleep observation period, participants recorded sleep diaries. In study 2, qualitative research was conducted with in-depth interviews from 6 participants. ResultsaaThe esports athlete group reported significantly delayed sleep phase compared to the nonathlete group (d = 2.10 hours, p < 0.001). The esports athlete group reported significantly lower sleep quality and scores for feeling refreshed upon awakening, higher depression scores and significantly higher proportion of individuals with clinical symptoms of depression compared to the nonathlete group (ps < 0.01). In study 2, six themes emerged from the interviews: sleep risk factors, sleep protective factors, lifestyle, stressors, organizational management, and demands for sleep/ psychological intervention. ConclusionsaaThe professional esports athletes showed more depressed mood and more delayed sleep phase compared to the non-athletes. A wide range of interventions tailored to esports athletes should be developed and implemented on both individual and organizational levels. Sleep Med Res 2020;11(2):77-87
EFFECT OF ONION JUICE (ALLIUM CEPA) ON PERFORMANCE, EGG QUALITY TRAITS, BIOCHEMICAL AND HEMATOLOGICAL PARAMETERS IN LAYING HENS

The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of onion juice through drinking water, on the production, egg quality, hematological and immune parameters in laying hens. A total of 240 Babcock hens (40 weeks old) were divided randomly into 5 groups (48 birds in each) and each group was further subdivided into 8 replicates, containing 6 birds in each subgroup. Onion juice at the rate of 0%, 0.25%, 0.5%, 1%, and 2% was added to the drinking water offered to groups A, B, C, D, and E, respectively for 12 weeks. Egg weight, and mean water consumption was increased significantly (P≤0.05) in group C. Moreover, egg mass also increased in group E supplemented with 2% onion juice. Regarding immunity, the 2% Onion juice group produced higher IgG at 6 weeks and 12 weeks of study as compared to control and other supplemented groups in the immunological response of laying hens vaccinated against the Newcastle Disease virus. For serological parameters, at the 6th week, cholesterol, LDL, and calcium significantly (P≤0.05) increased in group E however, in the 10th-week only ALT level increased in group B over control. For hematological parameters, only the hemoglobin level was found to be higher in the 1% onion juice group. It is concluded that the addition of 0.5mg/L onion juice in the laying hens via water had meaningfully increased egg weight and water intake while supplementation of 2mg/L onion juice had ominously increased egg mass and immunity concerning an increase in IgG level in laying hens. Though, other production and performance parameters, egg quality traits, hematological parameters, and serological parameters persisted non-significant.
STRUCTURAL CHANGES OF SCOTS PINE WOOD CAUSED BY LOCAL PRESSING IN THE LONGITUDINAL DIRECTION

An indentation can be formed when inserting a punch along wood fibers at the ends of blanks. The aim of this research is to study structural changes during local compression of wood in longitudinal pressing. Punches of prismatic shape were inserted into samples of Scots pine wood with different moisture content. The stages of wood deformation during the process were analyzed. The author then evaluated changes in the macrostructure of the wood and determined the conditions for obtaining a good-quality indentation. This led to a regression model enabling prediction of the depth of the densified zone. Its size is no more than 105% of the depth of penetration. Images of the densified zone were obtained using a scanning electron microscope, and changes in its microstructure were evaluated. The process of forming a “core” causes uncritical structural changes in the boundary undeformed sections. This underlines the possibility of using local pressing technology along the fibers as an alternative to traditional milling or drilling in order to form grooves and blind holes, for example for such joints as tongue and groove or mortise and tenon.
Ideas and Non-Balanced Economic Growth

Employment, consumption expenditure, and R&D investment have grown faster in the service sector than in the manufacturing sector, resulting in the serviceoriented economy. This paper shows that the difference in the idea production across sectors can cause the non-balanced sectoral growth. We build a two-sector growth model with endogenous technology. In this model, new ideas are produced using the current stock of ideas as an input, but the idea stock effect in idea production varies between sectors. Under the complementarity assumption between sectors, we show that this difference in idea production generates the non-balanced growth in R&D investment as well as in employment and consumption expenditure. ∗I would like to thank my advisor Chad Jones for his guidance and encouragement throughout the research. I am also grateful to Juho Kim, Claude M. Reichard, Francisco Santos, and John Weyant for helpful comments, and to the Samsung Scholarship Foundation for financial support.
Passive Investors are Passive Monitors

Passively managed index funds now own more than 25% of U.S. mutual fund and ETF assets. Using a new research design based on index reconstitutions, we study the governance implications of passive investing by directly examining the voice and exit mechanisms. We find that index funds are more likely to vote with a firm’s management. Moreover, while they do regularly exit positions and omit holdings in their target benchmark, they do not use the exit mechanism to enforce good governance. Our results show that passive investing shifts power from investors to firm managers.
ADHD in Women: A Review of Educational and Psychological Outcomes Through Early Adulthood

Writer’s Comment: Before I wrote my literature review, I wrote a case study for this course which focused on a close female friend of mine who received countless diagnoses before finally being diagnosed with ADHD in early adulthood. In an interview, she described her other diagnoses and how the symptoms overlapped with those of ADHD and obscured her primary diagnosis. Fascinated and appalled by her experience, when given the assignment I felt compelled to write my review on ADHD in girls and women. ADHD diagnoses are often overlooked or not considered to be a strong fit for many girls due to the lack of representation in ADHD diagnostic criteria and research, contributing to why my friend and countless other girls remain undiagnosed. It is my hope that the information in my review inspires researchers, clinicians, educators, and parents alike to consider females more substantially when looking at ADHD.
Complementary Feeding Practices and Determinants of Micronutrient Status of Rural Young Children in the Philippines

Owing to suboptimum feeding practices, Filipino infants are vulnerable to undernutrition during the first two years of life. This present paper aimed to determine the complementary feeding practices of young children 6–23 mo old, and to assess the micronutrient status of children – with particular reference to hemoglobin (Hb), ferritin, zinc, and their determinants. The present paper was part of the randomized community trial (RCT) on micronutrient powder (MNP) supplementation involving four randomly selected barangays in Calauan, Laguna, Philippines, and covering a total of 126 children 6–23 mo old. Baseline and endline assessments were done to determine Hb, ferritin, retinol, zinc, and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels. Child’s breastfeeding and complementary feeding practices, weight, length, and dietary intakes were collected monthly for six months. Stepwise linear regression was performed to determine the biological and environmental factors associated with micronutrient status of the study children. The 24-hour dietary assessment showed that children consumed mainly thin porridge or lugaw – boiled rice mixed with broth of boiled fish, meat, or vegetables – and biscuits/bread as complementary foods. The majority of children had inadequate intake of energy, protein, and key micronutrients based on a single day food recall at endline assessment. Carbohydrates from complementary food remained the major energy contributor among children 6–11 mo (68.0%) and 12–23 mo old (66.9%). The prevalence of stunting, underweight, and wasting was 10.4%, 13.6%, and 8.0%, respectively. The mean Hb was 11.2 g/dL, of which 35.7% of infants were anemic (Hb<11.0 g/dL). The mean serum ferritin used to indicate storage iron was 23.8 ug/L, of which 27.8% of infants had low iron storage. Hb, ferritin, and zinc concentrations at endline consistently related to the corresponding outcome variables of Hb, ferritin, and zinc at endline, respectively. Adequacy of energy, vitamin A, and iron intake was positively associated with Hb at endline period. Other nutrition factors played a role in the level of Hb, including continued breastfeeding beyond one year and episode of diarrhea. Ferritin level at endline was associated with vitamin C adequacy, breastfeeding practices, child’s length, marker of infection (CRP), and occupation of household head in the expected directions. Stunting was strongly associated with zinc concentration at endline. There is an urgent need to improve the complementary food in terms of energy, protein, and micronutrient adequacy of complementary foods of children in the studied communities through increasing density and bioavailability of macroand micronutrients.
The protective effects of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor against radiation-induced lung injury

Background Radiation-induced lung injury (RILI) is a common complication of thoracic cancer radiation therapy. Currently, there is no effective treatment for RILI. RILI is associated with chronic inflammation, this injury is perpetuated by the stimulation of chemokines and proinflammatory cytokines. Recent studies have demonstrated that granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) plays a pivotal role in inflammation and fibrosis. This study aimed to investigate the protective effect of GM-CSF against the development of RILI in lung tissue. Method First, a single fraction of radiation at a dose of 16 Gy was targeted at the entire thorax of wild-type (WT) C57BL/6 mice and GM-CSF–/– mice to induce RILI. Second, we detected the radioprotective effects of GM-CSF by measuring the inflammatory biomarkers and fibrosis alteration on radiated lung tissues. Furthermore, we investigated the potential mechanism of GM-CSF protective effects in RILI. Results The GM-CSF–/– mice sustained more severe RILI than the WT mice. RILI was significantly alleviated by GM-CSF treatment. Intraperitoneally administered GM-CSF significantly inhibited inflammatory cytokine production and decreased epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in the RILI mouse model. Conclusions GM-CSF was shown to be an important modulator of RILI through regulating inflammatory cytokines, which provides a new strategy for the prevention and treatment of RILI.
Nintedanib—A Potential New Therapy for Systemic Sclerosis-associated Interstitial Lung Disease

Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is an autoimmune disorder characterized by inflammation and fibrosis of the skin and other internal organs, especially the lungs. SSc-associated interstitial lung disease (SSc-ILD) is the most common complication of SSc and leading cause of morbidity and mortality in these patients. As such, there is a significant unmet need for earlier, more accurate diagnosis and implementation of safe, more effective therapies. The pathogenesis of SSc-ILD is a complex process that involves cellular and humoral immune dysregulation, inflammatory mediators, and vascular and fibrotic mechanisms. Traditional therapeutic strategies have focused on reducing chronic inflammation and the immunomodulation. Mycophenolate mofetil is currently considered the first-line therapy for SSc-ILD based on the Scleroderma Lung Study (SLS-II) trial which showed equivalent efficacy with fewer adverse events compared to cyclophosphamide. Nintedanib is an intracellular tyrosine kinase inhibitor with antifibrotic, anti-inflammatory, and vascular remodeling effects. Currently approved for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, nintedanib was recently evaluated for safety and efficacy in SSc-ILD. Based upon the results of this pivotal trial, nintedanib is the first ever treatment approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for SSc-ILD. This review focuses on the pathogenesis of SSc-ILD and the role of nintedanib in the treatment algorithm for these patients.
Is the Pushed Output-Based Instruction Effective in Promoting Iranian EFL Learners Grammatical Accuracy in Writing?

In an attempt to contribute to the ongoing debate about how output tasks affect noticing of linguistic forms, the present study set out to investigate the effect of pushed output tasks on grammatical accuracy in sentence writing of Iranian EFL learners. Fifty homogenous Iranian EFL learners were randomly assigned to two experimental and control groups. Then, every group underwent ten different treatment sessions. The control group received writing instruction through conventional methods, while the experimental group received instruction through two pushed output tasks. In the case of the experimental group, in the first five treatment sessions, four grammatical structures were presented through picture cued tasks. The next five treatment sessions directed at other structures took place via reconstruction tasks. Two different versions of the writing section of the Preliminary English Test (PET) were used as pre/post-test. The results indicated that the experimental group significantly outperformed the control group. Therefore, it might be argued that pushed output-based tasks had a positive effect on the Iranian EFL learner’s grammatical accuracy in sentence writing. These findings provide empirical support for the output hypothesis and have pedagogical implications for the choice of output-oriented grammar tasks.
Configurational Transitions of Benzene and Pyridine Adsorbed on Pt{111} and Cu{110} Surfaces: An Infrared Study

Reflection−absorption infrared spectroscopy (RAIRS) is used to compare and contrast the coordination, bonding, and configurational transitions for benzene and pyridine adsorbed on Pt{111} and Cu{110}. Benzene adsorbs on both surfaces with its molecular plane parallel to the surface. As a result, the out-of-plane CH bending mode is the only IR-active mode observed on each surface. On Cu{110} a single absorption band is seen at around 680 cm-1, whereas on Pt{111} two bands are observed with frequencies of 900 and 830 cm-1 and the latter splits at high coverages. The differences are attributed to the relative strengths of the interaction of benzene with the two surfaces and the occupation of 3-fold and 2-fold adsorption sites. The adsorption of pyridine also shows distinct differences on the two surfaces. On Cu{110}, pyridine initially adsorbs with its molecular axis perpendicular to the surface plane, with vibrational frequencies similar to those of the free molecule. On Pt{111} the orientation of the molec.
STUDIES ON ANTIOXIDANT AND ANTIARTHRITIC POTENTIALS OF JATROPHA TANJORENSIS ELLIS AND SAROJA

Jatropha tanjorensis Ellis and Saroja an hybrid of Jatropha species and an unique Jatropha gossypifolia (euphorbiaceae) is an unique plant of Tiruchirapalli and Thanjavur districts, Tamilnadu, India. This plant drug was evaluated for its antioxidant and antiarthritic potential employing chemical methods. The plant Material is collected from in and around SASTRA University campus Thanjavur, Tamilnadu, INDIA shade dried coarsely powdered, ethanolic extract prepared, and both extract and fractions containing alkaloids were subjected to antioxidant activity using DPPH assay and biochemical parameters such as, inhibition of protein denaturation, membrane stabilization, and proteinase inhibitory action were evaluated to assess the antiarthritic effect of the selected drug. Ethanol extract and fractions collected revealed 77.7% and 74.8% free radical scavenging effect respectively, even at low concentration as much as 50μg/ml and comparable to the effect of standard (BHT). Extract revealed antiarthritic effect by preventing protein denaturation, increasing membrane stabilization and by proteinase inhibition. Isolated crude alkaloid fraction also showed similar activity. Data generated were compared with standard drug. Further in depth studies on this plant can result in an eco friendly cost effective antiarthritic herbal drug with antioxidant potential contributing towards the better healthcare of human society.
Carbon dioxide emissions from fossil‐fuel use, 1751–1950

Newly compiled energy statistics allow for an estimation of the complete time series of carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) emissions from fossil-fuel use for the years 1751 to the present. The time series begins with 3 × 10 6 metric tonnes carbon (C). This initial flux represents the early stages of the fossil-fuel era. The CO 2 flux increased exponentially until World War I. The time series derived here seamlessly joins the modern 1950 to present time series. Total cumulative CO 2 emissions through 1949 were 61.0 × 10 9 tonnes C from fossil-fuel use, virtually all since the beginning of the Industrial Revolution around 1860. The rate of growth continues to grow during present times, generating debate on the probability of enhanced greenhouse warming. In addition to global totals, national totals and 1° global distributions of the data have been calculated. DOI: 10.1034/j.1600-0889.1999. t01-3-00002.x
EXPLORING THE IMPACT OF MOB PROGRAMMING ON THE WELL-BEING OF DEVELOPERS: INSIGHTS FROM A SOFTWARE COMPANY

Research has demonstrated that software engineering teams nowadays face numerous challenges that revolve around the well-being (happiness) of the developers. One way to address these challenges can be through Mob Programming (MP). Mob programming represents a novel software development practice where a whole team works together on the same coding problem, at the same time, in the same space and on the same computer. In this study, we investigate the impact of using MP on the well-being of software developers. A qualitative method with semi-structured interviews and observations was applied for its ability to extract in-depth and valuable information. The participants selected for this study derived from four different development teams who worked at Fortnox AB in Växjö, where one of the four development teams used MP on a daily basis and the three other teams practise MP on an occasional basis. A total of 13 interviews were conducted at the company's offices. Thematic analysis is used to organize and create a structure regarding the information from the interviews. Two themes with specific sub-codes are created based on the thematic analysis: Team dynamics and Individual dynamics, which are derived from the interview questionnaire. The study found that the majority of software developers were impacted in a positive way regarding well-being while practising MP. Reduced stress and individual work pressure, and increased social interaction were two of some prominent factors that contributed to this result. However, stress was also found to have negative effects on some developers, which was associated with the constant attention and overlooking by others during the coding process.
A Novel Method for Medical Image Segmentation based on Convolutional Neural Networks with SGD Optimization

Background and Objectives: medical image Segmentation is a challenging task due to low contrast between Region of Interest and other textures, hair artifacts in dermoscopic medical images, illumination variations in images like Chest-Xray and various imaging acquisition conditions. Methods: In this paper, we have utilized a novel method based on Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) for medical image Segmentation and finally, compared our results with two famous architectures, include U-net and FCN neural networks. For loss functions, we have utilized both Jaccard distance and Binary-crossentropy and the optimization algorithm that has used in this method is SGD+Nestrov algorithm. In this method, we have used two preprocessing include resizing image’s dimensions for increasing the speed of our process and Image augmentation for improving the results of our network. Finally, we have implemented threshold technique as postprocessing on the outputs of neural network to improve the contrast of images. We have implemented our model on the famous publicly, PH2 Database, toward Melanoma lesion segmentation and chest Xray images because as we have mentioned, these two types of medical images contain hair artifacts and illumination variations and we are going to show the robustness of our method for segmenting these images and compare it with the other methods. Results: Experimental results showed that this method could outperformed two other famous architectures, include Unet and FCN convolutional neural networks. Additionally, we could improve the performance metrics that have used in dermoscopic and Chest-Xray segmentation which used before. Conclusion: In this work, we have proposed an encoder-decoder framework based on deep convolutional neural networks for medical image segmentation on dermoscopic and Chest-Xray medical images. Two techniques of image augmentation, image rotation and horizontal flipping on the training dataset are performed before feeding it to the network for training. The predictions produced from the model on test images were postprocessed using the threshold technique to remove the blurry boundaries around the predicted lesions. ======================================================================================================Copyrights©2021 The author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, as long as the original authors and source are cited. No permission is required from the authors or the publishers. ======================================================================================================