Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
SSLayout360: Semi-Supervised Indoor Layout Estimation from 360 ◦ Panorama Supplementary Material

Table B1 provides summary statistics of the datasets used in the empirical evaluation of this paper. We utilize the standard training, validation, and test splits provided by Zou et al. [12, 13] for PanoContext, Stanford-2D3D, and MatterportLayout. For PanoContext evaluation, we follow the authors’ protocol of combining the training split of PanoContext with the entire Stanford-2D3D dataset for a total of 963 labeled training examples. Similarly, we augment the Stanford-2D3D training split with the entire PanoContext dataset, resulting in a combined total of 916 labeled training instances, for the evaluation of the Stanford-2D3D dataset. In our semi-supervised experiments, we follow the standard practice of combining the training and validation dataset splits, discarding all label information, as the source of unlabeled data [4, 7, 8]. Thus, we use 1,009 unlabeled instances for semi-supervised experiments on PanoContext, 949 on Stanford-2D3D, and 1,837 on MatterportLayout.
Complementarity, Relation-Specific Investment, and Opportunism: Explaining Asymmetric Governance Modes in Hub-and-Spoke Networks within the Enterprise Application Software Industry

In the enterprise application software industry, dominant system vendors (hubs) have formed strategic partnerships with small software companies (spokes), resulting in the emergence of hub-and-spoke networks. Based upon the concept of software stacks, we argue that the governance mechanisms applied by hub and spokes depend on the complementarity between hub’s and spoke’s resources. Specifically, we draw on the relational view and combine it with the resource dependence theory to develop a theoretical framework that explains the link between the type of complementarity and differential governance mechanisms. We are able to show that while hubs seek to take advantage of complementarities with the entire network of partners, spokes are primarily interested in gaining access to complementary resources and capabilities of the hub organization. In order to leverage the benefits of resource complementarity, hubs mainly invest in networkspecific resources to generate value. On the contrary, the spokes’ investments are hub-specific. Accordingly, hubs only face minor threats of opportunistic behavior on the part of a specific spoke, whereas the spokes’ existence is endangered by the threat of opportunistic behavior by the hub. Due to these three asymmetries, hubs apply formal governance mechanisms in order to efficiently coordinate the network of spokes, whereas spokes rely on informal governance mechanisms.
Education Enhances the Acuity of the Nonverbal Approximate Number System

All humans share a universal, evolutionarily ancient approximate number system (ANS) that estimates and combines the numbers of objects in sets with ratio-limited precision. Interindividual variability in the acuity of the ANS correlates with mathematical achievement, but the causes of this correlation have never been established. We acquired psychophysical measures of ANS acuity in child and adult members of an indigene group in the Amazon, the Mundurucú, who have a very restricted numerical lexicon and highly variable access to mathematics education. By comparing Mundurucú subjects with and without access to schooling, we found that education significantly enhances the acuity with which sets of concrete objects are estimated. These results indicate that culture and education have an important effect on basic number perception. We hypothesize that symbolic and nonsymbolic numerical thinking mutually enhance one another over the course of mathematics instruction.
Water, Sanitation and Hygiene Practices in Rural Area of Goa: A Cross-sectional Study

Introduction: Access to water, sanitation and hygiene is a major challenge in developing nations and more among rural population. In India, Swachh Bharat Mission was launched with the objective to provide sanitation facilities and eliminate open defecation. Objective: To assess the existing facilities and practices related to drinking water, sanitation and hygiene among household members in the rural population of Goa. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in the field practice area of Rural Health and Training Centre, Mandur, Goa. Individuals aged ≥ 18 years were interviewed from 100 households by house to house visits using semi-structured questionnaire. Results: Out of 100 households, 87 (87.0%) were having piped water supply into dwelling, 5 (5.0%) were using public tap and 8 (8.0%) were using water from well. Majority of the households, i.e., 94 (94.0%) were using sanitary latrine for defecation, 1 (1.0%) had community toilet and 5 (5.0%) were practicing open field defecation. Closed container was used by 89(89.0%) of the households for storing drinking water and 96 (96.0%) were using soap and water for hand washing. Conclusion: This study revealed that overall water and sanitation practices among the study population were satisfactory. However, measures need to be taken to abolish some of the bad practices such as open defecation and drainage of waste water in the open which was seen in few participants.
Software test automation: effective use of test execution tools

Mark Fewster, Dorothy Graham; Addison-Wesley, 1999; Software Test Automation: Effective Use of Test Execution Tools; 1999; 574 pages; 0201331403, 9780201331400; This book describes how to build and implement an automated testing regime for software development. It presents a detailed account of the principles of automated testing, practical techniques for designing a good automated testing regime, and advice on choosing and applying off-the-shelf testing tools to specific needs. This sound and practical introduction to automated testing comes from two authors well known for their seminars, consultancy and training in the field. file download zine.pdf
A 3‐year field measurement of methane and nitrous oxide emissions from rice paddies in China: Effects of water regime, crop residue, and fertilizer application

A 3‐year field experiment was conducted to simultaneously measure methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions from rice paddies under various agricultural managements including water regime, crop residue incorporation, and synthetic fertilizer application. In contrast with continuous flooding, midseason drainage incurred a drop in CH4 fluxes while triggering substantial N2O emission. Moreover, N2O emissions after midseason drainage depended strongly on whether or not fields were waterlogged due to intermittent irrigation. Urea application tended to reduce CH4 emissions but significantly increased N2O emissions. Under a water regime of flooding‐midseason drainage‐reflooding‐moist intermittent irrigation but without water logging (F‐D‐F‐M), both wheat straw and rapeseed cake incorporation increased CH4 emissions by 252%, and rapeseed cake increased N2O by 17% while wheat straw reduced N2O by 19% compared to controls. Seasonal average fluxes of CH4 ranged from 25.4 mg m−2 d−1 when no additional residue was applied under the water regime of flooding‐midseason drainage‐reflooding to 116.9 mg m−2 d−1 when wheat straw was applied at 2.25 t ha−1 under continuous irrigation flooding. Seasonal average fluxes of N2O varied between 0.03 mg N2O‐N m−2 d−1 under continuous flooding and 5.23 mg N2O‐N m−2 d−1 under the water regime of F‐D‐F‐M. Both crop residue‐induced CH4, ranging from 9 to 15% of the incorporated residue C, and N2O, ranging from 0.01 to 1.78% of the applied N, were dependent on water regime in rice paddies. Estimations of net global warming potentials (GWPs) indicate that water management by flooding with midseason drainage and frequent water logging without the use of organic amendments is an effective option for mitigating the combined climatic impacts from CH4 and N2O in paddy rice production.
A MULTISCALE APPROACH FOR STATISTICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF FUNCTIONAL IMAGES

In this paper we use an approach of spatial multiscales for an improved characterization of functional pixel intensities of images. Examples are numerous such as temporal dependence of brain response intensities measured by fMRI or frequency dependence of NMR spectra measured at each pixel. The overall goal is to improve the misclassification rate in clustering (unsupervised learning) of the functional image content into a finite but unknown number of classes. Hereby we adopt a non-parametric point of view to reduce the functional dimensionality of the observed pixel intensities, modelled to be of a very general functional form, by a combination of “aggregation” and truncation techniques. Clustering is applied via an EM-algorithm for estimating a Gaussian mixture model in the domain of the discrete wavelet transform of the pixel intensity curves. We show improvements of our multiscale method, based on complexity-penalised likelihood estimation for Recursive Dyadic Partitioning of the image, over existing monoscale approaches, by simulated and real data examples, and we give some theoretical treatment of the resulting misclassification rate in the simplified set-up of the “horizon” model of two classes.
ADOPTION OF IMPROVED SOYBEAN PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGIES IN BENUE STATE, NIGERIA

Introduction Soybean (Glycine max L.) is a leguminous crop that grows in tropical, sub-tropical and temperate climates Adeniyan and Ayoola, (2006). It is originated from the People's Republic of China, other major producing countries include; U.S.A, Brazil and Argentina (Misari and Idowu, 1995). It was introduced to Nigeria in 1908 (Misari and Idowu, 1995). The world experienced shortage of oil seeds immediately after the World War II which accelerated the drive for increased Soya bean production in Nigeria (Dugje et al., 2006). Furthermore, Soya bean cultivation in Nigeria has expanded as a result of its nutritive, economic and diverse domestic usage. The crop can be grown successfully in many states of Nigeria by the use of low agricultural inputs (Idrisa, 2009). In the traditional Soya bean growing areas, it is most commonly intercropped with cereal crops like maize, sorghum and millet (Adeniyan and Ayoola, 2006). Soya bean is consumed as food (milk), used for production of edible oil, animal feeds, edible protein and for industrial purposes (Abdullahi, 2004). One of the industrial uses of soybeans is in the production of biofuel. According to Hill et al; (2006), an acre of soybeans could yield 66 gallons of biodiesel compared to 84 gallons for sunflower and over 600 gallons of palm oil. Research efforts to improve the existing Soybean varieties, to expand and increase production in Nigeria were initiated in different research institutes from the mid 1970’s (Misari and Idowu, 1995). Notably among the various research institutes is the International Institute for Tropical Agriculture (IITA) by initiating research work on Soya bean in the 1970’s and has made substantial effort to improve the output of the crop (Abdullahi, 2004). The good varieties of soybean produced in Nigeria includes, TGX1448-2E, TGX19046F, TGX1830-2E; and TG X 1485-2E-ID ABSTRACT Lack of appropriate technologies uptake among small scale farmers have always led to low productivity. This study examined the adoption of improved soybean production technologies by farmers in Tarka Local Government Area of Benue State, Nigeria. Data for the study were collected through the use of structured questionnaires from purposive randomly selected sample of 73 soybeans farmers. Descriptive statistics and Tobit regression model were used to analyze the data. The mean age of soybeans farmers was 41 years with an average farm experience of 17 years; access to credit and extension contact were relatively low. Tobit analysis results shows that household size, education, experience, membership of association, extension contact and output significantly affected farmers’ decision to adopt improved soybean production technologies. The major constraints identified were costly technologies and lack of extension services. It was therefore recommended that farmers should make their cooperative societies more viable, strong and proactive so that their resources could be harnessed and adequately utilized for higher productivity.
ScholarWorks @ Georgia State University

This paper has two major objectives. The first objective intends to answer the following question which is of significant interest to information system (IS) researchers and practitioners: How does user satisfaction (satisfaction) respond to changes in system use and system attributes? The second and more ambitious objective is to promote the application of economic theories in user behavior research. In contrast to prior research that conceived the development of user satisfaction as an information valuation and integration process, we consider such development to be embedded in the IS consumption process, that is, users gain utility (satisfaction) from consuming (using) the system. This perspective enables us to re-conceptualize user satisfaction as a proxy of utility and apply utility research in economics to study user satisfaction. An economic model of user satisfaction was developed. Two empirical studies were conducted to examine the research model. The findings confirmed the consumptive nature of user satisfaction. Apart from enriching our understanding of user satisfaction, this research demonstrates the usefulness of economic theories in user behavior research.
Late Triassic tectonic inversion in the upper Yangtze Block: Insights from detrital zircon U–Pb geochronology from south‐western Sichuan Basin

The Sichuan Basin and the Songpan‐Ganze terrane, separated by the Longmen Shan fold‐and‐thrust belt (the eastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau), are two main Triassic depositional centres, south of the Qinling‐Dabie orogen. During the Middle–Late Triassic closure of the Paleo‐Tethys Ocean, the Sichuan Basin region, located at the western margin of the Yangtze Block, transitioned from a passive continental margin into a foreland basin. In the meantime, the Songpan‐Granze terrane evolved from a marine turbidite basin into a fold‐and‐thrust belt. To understand if and how the regional sediment routing system adjusted to these tectonic changes, we monitored sediment provenance primarily by using detrital zircon U‐Pb analyses of representative stratigraphic samples from the south‐western edge of the Sichuan Basin. Integration of the results with paleocurrent, sandstone petrology and published detrital zircon data from other parts of the basin identified a marked change in provenance. Early–Middle Triassic samples were dominated by Neoproterozoic (~700–900 Ma) zircons sourced mainly from the northern Kangdian basement, whereas Late Triassic sandstones that contain a more diverse range of zircon ages sourced from the Qinling, Longmen Shan and Songpan‐Ganze terrane. This change reflects a major drainage adjustment in response to the Late Triassic closure of the Paleo‐Tethys Ocean and significant shortening in the Longmen Shan thrust belt and the eastern Songpan‐Ganze terrane. Furthermore, by Late Triassic time, the uplifted northern Kangdian basement had subsided. Considering the eastward paleocurrent and depocenter geometry of the Upper Triassic deposits, subsidence of the northern Kangdian basement probably resulted from eastward shortening and loading of the Songpan‐Ganze terrane over the western margin of the Yangtze Block in response to the Late Triassic collision among Yangtze Block, Yidun arc and Qiangtang terrane along the Ganze‐Litang and Jinshajiang sutures.
A twentieth century perspective on summer Antarctic pressure change and variability and contributions from tropical SSTs and ozone depletion

During the late twentieth century, the Antarctic atmospheric circulation has changed and significantly influenced the overall Antarctic climate, through processes including a poleward shift of the circumpolar westerlies. However, little is known about the full spatial pattern of atmospheric pressure over the Antarctic continent prior to 1979. Here we investigate surface pressure changes across the entire Antarctic continent back to 1905 by developing a new summer pressure reconstruction poleward of 60°S. We find that only across East Antarctica are the recent pressures significantly lower than pressures in the early twentieth century; we also discern periods of significant positive pressure trends in the early twentieth century across the coastal South Atlantic sector of Antarctica. Climate model simulations reveal that both tropical sea surface temperature variability and other radiative forcing mechanisms, in addition to ozone depletion, have played an important role in forcing the recent observed negative trends.
End-user evaluation of Solar Home System as a viable energy system for rural development in South Africa

In 2001, South Africa’s government initiated an electrification programme with ambitions to improve its rural electrification access rate. Therefore, the government provided remote and rural areas without access to the grid with Solar Home Systems (SHSs). This study has evaluated whether the SHS has contributed to improved welfare for the users, and in which ways. The success of the fee for service arrangement and electricity demand beyond the given amount from the SHS has also been investigated. Two alternative solutions consisting of two mini-grid systems have been examined to evaluate if they had the potential to be a better solution for South Africa’s rural electrification in the future. Qualitative interviews were carried out in the Limpopo province to gather information directly from the SHS users. Data on consumption and demand beyond the energy provided by the SHS was also collected. Mini-grid1 was dimensioned for the same energy production as the SHS, while mini-grid2 was dimensioned to provide users with additional power to cover their demand for fridges found during the research. The systems were dimensioned using equations provided n chapter three and using the methods described in chapter four. The results showed that the end-users were pleased with the SHSs due to various reasons. The SHS resulted in reduced spending on lighting and phone charging. Furthermore, the interviewees experienced increased level of safety when candles were replaced with electric lights. The electric lights quality improved the possibility for children to study after dark. Mini-grid1 was estimated to have a LCOE of 1.3 ZAR/kWh, Mini-grid2: 1.4 ZAR/kWh and the SHS: 28 ZAR/kWh. The payback period for both mini-grids were 15 years, while the SHS had 41 years. This indicates that a mini-grid system could be a more economically viable solution. There are concerns attached to mini-grids regarding ownership and payment. There are also benefits due to the possibility of connecting the mini-grid to the main grid and supply electricity should be included in such a decision. Further, future investment in solar PV has the potential to provide cheaper electricity than the grid in South Africa. These are factors that need to be considered before changing the systems.
Partial Correlation Estimation by Joint Sparse Regression Models

This article features online supplementary material. In this article, we propose a computationally efficient approach—space (Sparse PArtial Correlation Estimation)—for selecting nonzero partial correlations under the high-dimension-low-sample-size setting. This method assumes the overall sparsity of the partial correlation matrix and employs sparse regression techniques for model fitting. We illustrate the performance of space by extensive simulation studies. It is shown that space performs well in both nonzero partial correlation selection and the identification of hub variables, and also outperforms two existing methods. We then apply space to a microarray breast cancer dataset and identify a set of hub genes that may provide important insights on genetic regulatory networks. Finally, we prove that, under a set of suitable assumptions, the proposed procedure is asymptotically consistent in terms of model selection and parameter estimation.
Reduction of the number of material parameters by ANN approximation of material functions in the viscoplasticity formulation for anisotropic solids

In recently proposed viscoplasticity formulation for anisotropic solids (metals) one needs to identify 28 material parameters to handle particular metal behaviour in adiabatic conditions [8, 2]. In [8] it was shown that without loss of model generality one can reduce this number to 21. The paper outlines a proposition of further reduction by using ANN approximation of selected material functions. As the result, we decrease the number of material parameters to 18.
Investor Protection and the Coasian View

Some legal regimes leave gaps in the protection provided by the law to firm investors. This paper considers the decision by a firm to opt out of the law and bridge those gaps using contracts. Examining the charters of a sample of Mexican firms, we find that private firms often enhance significantly the protection offered by the law to their investors, but public firms rarely do so. Motivated by these findings, we construct a model that endogenizes the degree of investor protection that firms provide, using as springboard the assumption that legal regimes differ in their ability to enforce what we call precisely filtering contracts, namely, contracts that provide protection only in those cases where expropriation can occur. Our model generates predictions about the types of contracts that would be employed and the levels of investor protection that they would provide across different legal regimes in both private and in public firms.
Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology

This study examined the incremental validity of proactive personality for predicting overall job performance over the Big Five in the context of an innovative software engineering job. Proactive personality and the Big Five were measured in a sample of 243 engineers and overall job performance was assessed through supervisor ratings in a sub-sample of 95 of these engineers. Results showed that even though proactive personality represents a valid and important predictor of performance it does not show a relevant increment on the prediction yielded by extraversion, openness, conscientiousness, emotional stability and organizational tenure. Implications for the relevancy and practical value of proactive personality for personnel selection are discussed