Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Isolation, Identification And Antimicrobial Susceptibility Profiles Of E. Coli O157: H7 From Raw Cow Milk In And Around Modjo Town, Ethiopia

A cross sectional study was conducted from December 2017 to April 2018 in and around Modjo town, Ethiopia with the objectives of isolating and identifying Escherchia coli O157:H7 from raw cow milk, assessing the sources of milk contamination and determining the antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of the isolates. A total of 214 milk and swab samples were collected for laboratory detection of Escherichia coli O157:H7. Samples were cultured in selective media to detect the presence of non-sorbitol fermenting (NSF) Escherichia coli. Biochemical and serological tests were employed to confirm E. coli O157:H7 strain. The overall isolation rate of E. coli and E. coli O157:H7 were found to be 46.26% and 4.2%, respectively. The highest prevalence was recorded in samples obtained from cafeterias (11.76%) compared with samples from farms (2.78%) and milk collection centers (2.63%). There was statistically significant difference (p<0.05) of E. coli O157:H7 between sample sources, sample types and sampling points except between farm scale and types of materials (plastic and stainless steel) used to contain milk. All isolated E. coli O157:H7 strains were subjected to 10 selected antibiotics using the agar disc diffusion method for their susceptibility patterns. Even though all the isolates were susceptible to ciprofloxacine (100%), most of the isolates showed resistance to more drugs with 100% resistance of all the isolates to ampicillin and cefoxitin. It was concluded that unhygienic practices of milking and post-harvest handling along the dairy value chain contribute to the microbial contamination of milk. The detection of E. coli O157:H7 in milk show public health significance due to its zoonotic potential. These findings stress the need for an integrated control of E. coli O157:H7 from production to consumption of foods of animal origin, particularly milk which was the focus of this study. So that there should be awareness creation and public education in milk supply chain from production to consumption to limit the milk-borne pathogens resulting from contamination. [Corresponding Author: Negesse Welde, Fufa Abunna, Bihonegn Wodajnew: Isolation, Identification And Antimicrobial Susceptibility Profiles Of E. Coli O157: H7 From Raw Cow Milk In And Around Modjo Town, Ethiopia] [Negesse Welde Fufa Abunna & Bihonegn Wodajnew. Isolation, Identification And Antimicrobial Susceptibility Profiles Of E. Coli O157: H7 From Raw Cow Milk In And Around Modjo Town, Ethiopia. J Am Sci 2020;16(6):62-79]. ISSN 1545-1003 (print); ISSN 2375-7264 (online). http://www.jofamericanscience. org. 8. doi:10.7537/marsjas160620.08.
Magosternarchus, a New Genus with Two New Species of Electric Fishes (Gymnotiformes: Apteronotidae) from the Amazon River Basin, South America

A new group of predaceous apteronotid electric fishes is described from recent trawl collections made in large, white- and black-water river channels of the Amazon Basin in Brazil. Magosternarchus, n. gen., is diagnosed by greatly enlarged jaws and teeth. The type species, Magosternarchus raptor, n. sp. , possesses uniquely enlarged premaxillary bones and an associated hypertrophied mesethmoid. Magosternarchus duccis, n. sp. , is unique in its strongly projecting lower jaw that includes and often extends dorsal to the upper jaw and snout. The only identifiable stomach contents in specimens of both species of Magosternarchus are tails of other gymnotiform fishes. Shared features of the ethmoid and jaw bones, mesopterygoid, opercle, gillrakers, basibranchials, and infraorbital laterosensory canal suggest that Magosternarchus is most closely related to Sternarchella. Um novo grupo de peixes eletricos predadores, capturados recentemente com redes de arrasto, e descrito proveniente de canais de rios da Bacia Amazonica Brasileira. Magosternarchus, gen. nov., e diagnosticado pela presenca de dentes e de mandibulas bem desenvolvidas. A especie tipo, Magosternarchus raptor, sp. nov., possui uma expans ao dos premaxilares associada ao mesetmoide hipertrofiada que e unica entre os peixes eletricos. Magosternarchus duccis, sp. nov., e diferenciado por apresentar a mandibula inferior prolongada, a qual se extende dorsalmente sobre a mandibula superior e o focinho. O unico material identificado no conteudo estomacal dos especimens das duas especies de Magosternarchus foram elementos das nadadeiras caudais e das vertebras de outros peixes eletricos. Caracteres comuns relativos aos ossos etmoide e das mandibulas, mesopterigoide, operculo, rastros branquiais, elementos do basibranquial e canal do infraorbital sugerem que Magosternarchus e filogeneticamente mais proximo do genero Sternarchella.
Defining a Phenotypic Variability and Productivity in Wild Type Red Clover Germplasm

Abiotic and biotic factors can cause great damage to crops. So, a key approach is to investigate whether the crops’ wild relatives are more flexible to withstand abiotic and biotic stress. As well as to evaluate their phenotypic variability and productivity in response to changing climatic conditions. In this study, red clover germplasm was collected from natural red clover habitats and a field trial was arranged ex situ. Twelve phenotypic traits and their effects on final harvest were analysed in 2018–2019. Principal component analysis (PCA) demonstrated that the most important trait for biomass yield was the height of the plant during the first season of harvest (2018). Interestingly, that the most significant trait in the second year of harvest (2019) was growth habit. Meantime, two way-joining analysis was performed to extent of phenotypic variation within and among red clover accessions, based on the most important trait for biomass yield. We found three main groups based on variation in plant height: “cultivars”, “wilds” and “mediators”. This analysis leads to identify typical populations of wild type red clover, which has not been done yet. Finally, the feed value of each red clover accession was analysed. It was found that “cultivars” have a higher level of crude proteins, while “wilds” contains higher levels of crude fibre. This indicates that there is a relationship between plant structure elements and forage value which is particularly important to select a breeding material.
Xq28 Duplication Syndrome, Int22h1/Int22h2 Mediated

Clinical characteristics The int22h1/int22h2-mediated Xq28 duplication syndrome is a recently recognized X-linked intellectual disability syndrome characterized in males by cognitive impairment, behavioral and psychiatric problems, recurrent infections and atopic diseases, obesity, and distinctive facial features. Females heterozygous for this duplication exhibit a milder phenotype (with learning difficulties and distinctive facies) or are clinically unaffected. To date 26 individuals (14 males and 12 females) with this recurrent duplication have been described. Diagnosis/testing The diagnosis of the int22h1/int22h2-mediated Xq28 duplication is established by detection of a 0.5-Mb duplication (hemizygous in males and heterozygous in females) at chromosome Xq28 extending from 154.1 Mb to 154.6 Mb in the reference genome (NCBI Build GRCh37/hg19). Management Treatment of manifestations: Early intervention with speech and physical therapy for young children with developmental delay; special education programs for school-aged children with intellectual disability. Recurrent bacterial infections are treated with standard antibiotics; recurrent ear infections are treated in the standard manner. Nutritional counseling and regular exercise for obese individuals. Standard management for behavioral and psychiatric problems. Surveillance: The following monitoring is recommended: assessment of developmental progress and cognitive abilities; screening for behavioral and psychiatric problems; and routine audiologic and ophthalmologic evaluations. Evaluation of relatives at risk: Clinically asymptomatic children who have the familial duplication should be assessed and monitored for developmental delay with the goal of early initiation of therapies and support if needed. Genetic counseling The int22h1/int22h2-mediated Xq28 duplication is inherited in an X-linked manner. The father of an affected male will not have the disorder nor will he be hemizygous for this Xq28 duplication. All mothers (tested to date) of individuals with this Xq28 duplication were found to be heterozygous for the duplication. When mothers are heterozygous for this Xq28 duplication, the chance of transmission in each pregnancy is 50%: sons who inherit the duplication will be affected; daughters who inherit the duplication will be heterozygotes and may have a milder phenotype or may be clinically unaffected. Prenatal testing using genomic testing that will detect this Xq28 duplication is possible when the mother is known to be heterozygous for the duplication.
Effect of drought on leaf development and dry matter production of the cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz.) plant.

Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) was grown in the field to study the effect of water deficit caused by drought on leaf and plant development, storage root growth and yield. Soil water content in the first 50 cm was monitored weekly. Leaf number per plant, leaf area index (LAI), leaf lobe length, plant and storage root dry matter accumulation were measured every two weeks. Leaf emergence, stem elongation and leaf senescence were also investigated. Water stress during drought was found to reduce leaf emergence rate (LER) and the size of the leaves emerged and expanded during the drought period. It also increased leaf senescence at the base of the canopy when LAI was > 3, leading eventually to a decreased LAI. The reduction in LAI was associated with a lower dry matter production. Storage root production was less sensitive to water stress than shoot growth since the proportion of assimilate translocated in the storage roots increased.
Short-Time Treatment with Alkali and/or Hot Water To Remove Common Pathogenic and Spoilage Bacteria From Chicken Wing Skin.

Dipping in 10% trisodium phosphate (TSP) at 10°C for 15 s and/or hot water (95°C) for 5 s significantly (P < 0,05) reduced the numbers of live Salmonella typhimurium , Listeria monocytogenes , and Staphylococcus aureus inoculated on the surface of chicken wings. Mean reductions after treatment with TSP (after storage at 10°C or 4°C, respectively) were 93.45% and 62.42% for S. typhimurium , 80.33% and 54.45% for S. aureus , and 39.04% and 81.41 % for L. monocytogenes . Similarly treatment with hot water resulted in reductions of 83.5% and 47.44%, 90.19% and 91.49%, and 68.57% and 77.83%, respectively, for the three bacterial species. The combined effects of TSP and hot water were 94.76% and 99.67%, 84.41 % and 96.68%, and 79.49% and 94.88%. After treatment with TSP, there was always a better recovery of L. monocytogenes when the wings were stored at 10°C compared to 4°C. No similar storage temperature effect on recovery of L. monocytogenes was observed in the absence of TSP. Based on the smell and appearance of uninoculated, fresh chicken wings after treatment with 10% solutions of TSP or Na2CO3 (10°C) and hot water, the control group was always preferred after 1 day of storage, but not after 6 days of storage. Combination treatment with TSP and hot water showed that after 7 days of storage the number of spoilage organisms was 3 log units higher on the control samples than on the treated wings. The combined TSP and hot water treatments were more effective in reducing counts of S. typhimurium , S. aureus , and L. monocytogenes than the combined Na2CO3 and hot water treatment (95°C for 5 s). Changes in subcutaneous temperature as a result of treatment with TSP and hot water treatment were minimal.
A semantic web vision for an intelligent community transport service brokering system

Advances in semantic web research in recent years offer an opportunity for heterogeneous objects to exchange data and information in an interoperable way to make data and services machine-accessible and machine-processable. This paper describes a semantic web vision for an intelligent community transport service brokering system. The use of ontological approach to develop a semantic web brokering system opens up the data set for agent-based planning in reservation and scheduling. As ontologies are the building blocks of the semantic web and small simple ontologies are often constructed individually by different users, ontology integration approach is proposed to achieve data interoperability in the proposed system. An application scenario is used to demonstrate how the semantic web based system will be used. Future research of this project is to construct the community transport service ontology to conduct proof of concept for the intelligent brokering system.
A Comprehensive Review of the Antifertility and Pharmacological Properties of Neem (Azadirachta indica)

The astounding properties of Neem have made it a charismatic plant and deliberated as a primeval cure for the modern world. Azadirachta indica (Neem) is an evergreen plant native to Sub-continent region, Africa and America. The extensive use of Azadirachta indica (Neem) in Homeopathic and Ayurveda medicine is offering solutions to the major issues facing mankind. This review article elaborates on the contraceptive as well as other pharmacological chattels like anti-inflammatory, anti-bacterial, anti-fungal, anti-ulcer, insecticidal, larvicidal and additional medicinal uses of Neem. The tremendous rise of the human population in contrast to the natural resources has alarmed the scientists to ponder, how to abate this escalating ratio besides the control of unwanted pregnancies in the animals to avoid the zoonotic threat. Thus, the use of Neem helps govern the population pressure and promote its therapeutic potential in the fields of medicine and agriculture.
Anticompulsive-like effect of nitric oxide synthase inhibitors in marble-burying test

Nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitors decrease marble burying behavior (MBB), and the effect of several compounds that also attenuate MBB (such as classical antidepressants) engages the nitrergic system. In the present study, we tested the effect of the NOS inhibitor aminoguanidine (AMG) in attenuating MBB. For comparative reasons, we also tested the effect of selective inhibitors of neuronal (NOS1) and inducible (NOS2) isoforms NPA and 1400W, respectively. Our results indicate that AMG and NPA, but not 1400W, reduced the number of buried marbles in the marble burying test (MBT), which is considered an anticompulsive-like effect. No effect of AMG in the anxietyor locomotor-related parameters of the elevated plus maze was observed. Taken together, our data is consistent with the current literature that suggests that nitric oxide inhibitors, putatively acting through the neuronal isoform of the synthesis enzyme (NOS1), exhibit anticompulsive-like properties. Keywords​: marble burying test, nitric oxide synthase inhibitors, elevated plus maze, anxiety, repetitive behavior, NOS Repetitive behaviors are prominent elements of the normal repertoire that animals acquire and develop at an early age. These stereotyped movements are regulated by a series of reverberatory loops in the cortico-striato-thalamo-cortical circuitry ​(1)​. Disruptions or imbalances (such as stressful situations or trauma) in the components of this circuitry lead to pathological conditions such as Parkinson’s disease, autism, and obsessive compulsive disorder ​(2)​. Transgenic animals lacking docking proteins in cortico striatal glutamatergic synapses exhibit exacerbated repetitive movements, such as grooming and
Kapsaisin Uygulanan Diabetik Sıçanların Karaciğer Dokusunda GPX 1’in Real Time-PCR ile Expresyon Profilinin Çıkarılması

The purpose of the present study was to determine the Glutathione Peroxidase 1 (GPX 1) gene expression by Real Time PCR in the liver of healthy and diabetic rats treated with capsaicin. Twenty Sprague-Dawley rats were used in our study. Rats were divided into four groups: Group I: diabetic rats (n=5), Group II: capsaicin injected rats (n=5), Group III: Capsaicin injected diabetic rats (n=5), and Group IV: control rats (n=5). Capsaicin injection began 72 h after streptozotocin (STZ) injection. Capsaicin (1 mg/kg) was prepared in 10% ethanol, 1% Tween 20, and 80% sterile water and subcutaneously injected daily in both Groups II and III for two weeks. The results of RT-PCR conducted to determine GPX 1 gene expression indicated that capsaicin treated diabetic rats had higher GPX 1 expression compared to all groups including control (P<0.05). As a result, capsaicin causes an increase in GPX 1 gene expression at transcription level in the diabetic rat liver. Further investigation is needed to determine if such an increase occurs at protein level using various methods such as western-blot analysis.
Ecotoxicology of copper and cadmium in a contaminated grassland ecosystem. I: Soil and vegetation contamination

(1) Emissions of cadmium and copper from a metal refinery caused widespread contamination of soil and vegetation. Dispersal followed an exponential decay away from the source area with elevated levels persisting to 3 km from the refinery. (2) Soil profiles were characterized by surface retention of metals which was more prominent for copper than for cadmium. (3) The flora indigenous to the refinery was of low diversity and dominated by metaltolerant populations of Agrostis stolonifera and Festuca rubra. (4) Vegetation levels of copper and cadmium showed marked seasonal variation in contaminated sites, with peak values occurring in the winter months. The increased levels were from a combination of root absorption and accumulation of particulates adhered to external leaf surfaces. (5) Sequential soil extractions and vegetation analysis implied a much greater mobility of cadmium compared to copper.
The effect of hemispherical surface on noise suppression of a supersonic jet

High pressure gas venting operations, known as blowdowns, such as from natural gas pipelines, are known to produce significant noise. One device which has shown some potential for noise abatement is a hemispherical acoustic reflector, which has been observed to be effective for pressure ratios from 2 to 4. However, typical pipeline venting operations occur at pressure ratios far exceeding this. Therefore, the present study aims to experimentally investigate the influence of hemispherical noise reduction reflector on sonic jet flows at pressures more typical of pipeline venting operations. Results of experimental noise measurements from blowdowns with and without two different size acoustic reflectors are presented. The smaller acoustic reflector was found to strongly interact with the jet, in a manner making it unsuitable for extended use without a significant increase in structural support. The larger reflector showed levels of noise reduction on par with those seen at lower pressures. This suggests that acoustic reflectors of suitable scale, when appropriately structurally supported, are a suitable noise reduction method for the high pressure venting typical of blowdown operations.
Defining Relative Strengths of Classifiers at Randomly Generated Datasets

Classification is notoriously computing-intensive, especially with large datasets. The common (mis)understanding is that cross-validation (CV) tests on subsets of the training data are the only recourse for the selection of best classifier for given dataset. We have shown in [9] that best classifier can be selected on basis of a few prediction factors (related to training volume, number of features and feature value distribution) calculated from the dataset. In this paper, we report promising results of a series of runs with a number of strong classifiers (Support Vector Machine kernels, Decision Tree variants, Naive Bayes and also K Nearest Neighbor Classifiers and Neural Networks) with randomly generated datasets (gensets). We outline the relative strengths of these classifiers in terms of four prediction factors and generalize the findings to different types of datasets (word sense disambiguation, gensets and a protein recognition dataset).
Assessment of Guidance and Counselling Service Centre in Higher Education Institutions: A Qualitative Research

Background: Guidance and counseling services in all higher education institutions cannot be overstated due to increasingly complexities of modern life that have placed heavy demands and responsibilities on students. This study tried to assess how Counseling Service Center of higher education institutions (HEI) can better serve students to be successful academically, socially and psychologically. Methods: Explorative qualitative research was conducted in higher education institutions students. Accordingly, 12 club representatives and secretaries were selected from four campuses purposively. Totally 48 participants for focus group discussion(FGD) were conducted with each two club representatives such as academic, gender, welfare, peace, students council and discipline clubs. The collected data were analyzed qualitatively on thematic basis. Results: The most commonly observed problems in the campus were: academic (study skill, time management and career counseling need), psychological (stress, anxiety, depression drug addiction, sexual related problems, suicide, and loneliness (homesickness)) and interpersonal relationship (lack of conflict management skill, violence handling, discrimination, assertiveness, communication) problems. Conclusion: Students academic, psychological and interpersonal relationship problems can bring about academic failure among higher education institutions students. The respondents suggested that academic and psychological problems needs more attention to intervene for students’ academic success
Does Test-Based Teacher Recruitment Work in the Developing World? Experimental Evidence from Ecuador

IZA DP No. 13830 OCTOBER 2020 Does Test-Based Teacher Recruitment Work in the Developing World? Experimental Evidence from Ecuador* Since 2007, the Ecuadorian government has required teacher candidates to pass national skill and content knowledge tests before they are allowed to participate in merit-based selection competitions for tenured positions at public schools in an attempt to raise teacher quality. We evaluate the impact of this policy using linked administrative teacher information to data from a unique experimental study where almost 15,000 kindergarten children were randomly assigned to their teachers in the 2012-2013 school year in Ecuador. We find positive and significant effects of test-screened tenured teachers of at least a 0.105 standard deviation for language and a 0.085 standard deviation for math, which persist even after controlling for teacher education, experience, cognitive ability, personality traits and classroom practices. JEL Classification: I20, I21, I25, I28, J45
THE CARBON-ORGANIC MATTER FACTOR IN VARIOUS SOIL TYPES

The estimation of organic matter in soils has followed various fashions, the oldest and simplest method being the measurement of loss on ignition which has been replaced, for certain purposes, by the determination of organic carbon which is multiplied by an accepted factor to obtain the estimate of organic matter. From the latter part of the nineteenth century onwards it has been a frequent practice to use a value of 1.724 for the conversion factor, based on the assumption that the organic matter contains 5800 carbon (Cf. LUNT, 1931; BROADBENT 1953; READ and RIDGELL 1922). If there were unequivocal evidence that the carbon content of soil organic matter was constant this method would no doubt be acceptable. The question of the carbon-organic matter factor has arisen again from some analyses that have been made of the organic matter of some natural British soils of definable ecological types: mull, mor, fen, and bog. In the present paper some of the simpler results of this survey are briefly discussed, in order to focus attention on some of the problems involved in the use of such a factor.