Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
How and When Ethics Lead to Organizational Performance: Evidence from South Asian Firms

The objective of this paper was to examine the influence of determinants of business ethics, for instance, HR management ethics, ethics in corporate governance, and ethics in sales and marketing on organizational performance. The paper also examined mediation of human capital, structural capital and relational capital (dimensions of intellectual capital) in the connection between business ethics and organizational performance. Additionally, this research examined show technological change moderates between business ethics and organizational performance. Researchers collected 474 responses from March 2022 to November 2022 from the information technology sector in various cities in South Asian countries, including India, Pakistan, and Bangladesh, through structured questionnaires. PLS-SEM modeling was used for data analysis; we evaluated the measurement and structural models for this purpose. The research results suggest that ethics in corporate governance, HR management ethics, and ethics in sales and marketing have a notably positive effect on business ethics, leading to a substantial and affirmative impact on organizational performance. The findings also revealed a significant mediating influence of human capital, structural capital, and relational capital between exogenous variables and organizational performance. The findings further suggest that technological change significantly and positively moderates the relationship between business ethics and organizational performance in the high-tech industry. This research offers a novel modified conceptual framework that provides substantial theoretical and managerial implications to research scholars and industry practitioners.
Measurement of the depth of interaction of an LSO scintillator using a planar process APD

The authors have evaluated the performance of an avalanche photodiodes (APD)/lutetium oxyorthosilicate (LSO) module for use in positron emission tomography systems. They have used a recently developed APD detector in combination with a 3 /spl times/ 3 /spl times/ 30 mm/sup 3/ LSO scintillator to measure the depth of interaction of 511 keV photons from a /sup 22/Na source. The detectors were built using standard planar technology for silicon devices. Photodiodes with 3 mm diameter active area have been produced by deep boron diffusion, followed by shallow boron and phosphor diffusion. Because the structure has not been optimized yet, the authors only obtained a gain of 6 at 1300 V. A simple noise analysis of the detector characteristics indicate that they are still capable of measuring 511 keV photons with sufficient energy resolution for depth of interaction position measurement from a long LSO scintillator.
Research on soft x-rays in high-current plasma-focus discharges and estimation of plasma electron temperature

The paper presents results of experimental studies of dense and high-temperature plasmas, which were produced by pulsed high-current discharges within a modernised PF-1000U facility operated at different initial gas conditions, and supplied from a condenser bank which delivered energy of about 350 kJ. The investigated discharges were performed at the initial deuterium filling under pressure of 1.6–2.0 hPa, with or without an additional puffing of pure deuterium (1 cm3, under pressure 0.15 MPa, at instants 1.5–2 ms before the main discharge initiation). For a comparison discharges were also performed at the initial neon filling under pressure of 1.1–1.3 hPa, with or without the addition of deuterium puffing. The recorded discharge current waveforms, laser interferometric images, signals of hard x-rays and fusion neutrons, as well as time-integrated x-ray pinhole images and time-resolved x-ray signals were compared. From a ratio of the x-ray signals recorded behind beryllium filters of different thickness there were estimated values of a plasma electron temperature (Te) in a region at the electrode outlets. For pure deuterium discharges an averaged Te value amounted to 150–170 eV, while for neon discharges with the deuterium puffing it reached 330–880 eV (with accuracy of ±20%).
Phase estimation with the Lomb-Scargle periodogram method

The Lomb-Scargle periodogram method was developed for the spectral analysis of unevenly sampled data. To date program routines exist for the calculation of the so-called Lomb normalized periodogram (normalized spectral power as function of frequency). In geophysical applications the phase and amplitude spectra are also of interest. Commonly, phases and amplitudes of spectral components of unevenly sampled data are determined by least squares fit procedures which are independently performed after calculation of the Lomb normalized periodogram. In this paper, it is shown how the Lomb-Scargle periodogram method can be used for estimation of the phase and amplitude spectra. The extended program version of the Lomb-Scargle periodogram provides the same spectral information as the Fourier transformation in the case of evenly sampled data.
Aeroacoustics of the bullroarer

The present paper is about the physical understanding and a complete theoretical modelling of the sounding instrument called bullroarer and used by aboriginal tribesmen. The running of the bullroarer clearly involves aeromechanical aspects, closely related to the process of autorotation, as well as aeroacoustical aspects. Both are investigated here. The mechanical equations are solved in a first step, using a set of two-dimensional unsteady RANS computations as a way to deduce the instantaneous aerodynamic moment and forces. The kinematics and the unsteady forces are used in a second step to calculate the radiated sound field, according to the acoustic analogy. Preliminary theoretical results for the autorotation sound of a rectangular plate in stabilised conditions are found to agree well with measurements performed in an open-jet anechoic wind tunnel. The sound synthesis of a bullroarer based on the physical model is finally shown to fairly reproduce the main features observed in a typical time-frequency analysis.
Systematic Literature Review and Early Benefit of Cochlear Implantation in Two Pediatric Auditory Neuropathy Cases

Approximately 1 in 10 children with hearing loss is affected by auditory neuropathy spectrum disorder (ANSD). People who have ANSD usually have great difficulty understanding speech or communicating. However, it is possible for these patients to have audiograms that may indicate profound hearing loss up to normal hearing. This disorder is prognosed with positive, intact or present otoacoustic emissions (OAE) and/or cochlear microphonics (CM) as well as abnormal or absent auditory brainstem responses (ABR). Treatment methods include conventional hearing aids as well as cochlear implants. Cochlear implants (CI) usually promise better speech understanding for ANSD patients. We performed a systematic literature review aiming to show what improvements can effectively be achieved with cochlear implants in children with ANSD and compare this with our experience with two cases of ANSD implanted at our clinic. The retrospective review of two young CI patients diagnosed with ANSD during infancy demonstrated improvements over time in speech development communicated by their parents.
Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption and Electrospray Ionization Tandem Mass Spectrometry of Microbial and Synthetic Biodegradable Polymers

The in-depth structural and compositional investigation of biodegradable polymeric materials, neat or partly degraded, is crucial for their successful applications. Obviously, an exhaustive structural analysis of all synthetic macromolecules is essential in polymer chemistry to confirm the accomplishment of a preparation procedure, identify degradation products originating from side reactions, and monitor chemical–physical properties. Advanced mass spectrometry (MS) techniques have been increasingly applied in biodegradable polymer studies with a relevant role in their further development, valuation, and extension of application fields. However, single-stage MS is not always sufficient to identify unambiguously the polymer structure. Thus, tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) has more recently been employed for detailed structure characterization and in degradation and drug release monitoring of polymeric samples, among which are biodegradable polymers. This review aims to run through the investigations carried out by the soft ionization technique matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS) and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) MS/MS in biodegradable polymers and present the resulting information.
D-Stable Robust Fault-Tolerant Control for Delta Operator Systems

The problem of fault-tolerant control for delta operator systems based on circular regional pole assignment, which is defined as D-stable robust fault-tolerant control, is studied. By use of linear matrix inequalities, the two sufficient conditions that the poles of the closed-loop system are assigned in a specific circular region and the nominal system possessing integrity against actuator failure are presented. Then, by means of algebraic Riccati equations, the robust fault-tolerant control problem for uncertain delta operator systems based on regional pole assignment is discussed, with the design methods for D-stable fault-tolerant controller and D-stable robust fault-tolerant controller both given. The proposed method can unify some previous related results of continuous and discrete time systems into the delta framework.
Implications of Sea Breezes on Air Quality Monitoring in a Coastal Urban Environment: Evidence From High Resolution Modeling of NO2 and O3

Coastal urban environments face unique challenges associated with air quality‐meteorology interactions. In this study, high resolution chemical transport modeling over the Greater Boston area was performed to improve our understanding of sea breezes impacts on the spatiotemporal variability of primary and secondary pollutants. We perform WRF‐Chem simulations at 3 km resolution over June 22 to 10 July 2019 (a period that included 10 sea breeze occurrences), and use Pandora tropospheric NO2 column, surface air quality monitoring, and vertical meteorological aircraft profiles for evaluation. The model generally reproduces observed spatiotemporal variability of air pollution during sea breezes well. Tropospheric columns of NO2 predicted by the model and observed by the Pandora instrument show that sea breezes are associated with rapid increases and steep gradients in tropospheric NO2 and confirm accumulation of local primary emissions. Spatial heterogeneity in tropospheric NO2 is strongly governed by inland penetration lengths of the sea breeze front. Process diagnostics show that three sea‐breeze days where O3 observations recorded hourly concentrations >70 ppb have both efficient net chemical O3 production in the boundary layer (>10 ppb/hr) and rapid O3 convergence in the near‐surface convergence zone (>20 ppb/hr). During sea breezes, interactions between photochemistry, the convergence zone inland penetration, and urban NOx titration effects, contribute to strong heterogeneity and high O3 inland that is not captured by the current monitoring network. We discuss monitoring needs and model applications for the sea breeze scenarios, with broad implications for air quality monitoring in coastal urban environments.
Effect of Bilateral Controls on Opportunism: The Mediating Role of Commitment

ABSTRACT Purpose Scholars have conducted extensive research on channel control, which includesboth unilateral and bilateral controls. Researchers have mainly focused on the impact of unilateral controls, whereas bilateral controls have been given little attention. As an important classification of channel control, bilateral controls can save the cost of enterprise channel control and are conducive to the long-term development of channel relationships. This paper aims to investigate how bilateral controls impact opportunism. We attempt to answer the following: (1) How do bilateral controls (bilateral incentives, bilateral monitoring, and bilateral enforcement) affect distributors’ opportunism? (2) What is the mechanism by which bilateral controls affect distributors’ opportunism? Methodology/Approach The study proposed a research model usingbilateral incentives, bilateral monitoring, bilateral enforcement, and commitment as the antecedents, and distributor’s opportunism as the consequence. To test the model, we collected data from manufacturers in multiple industries, and analyzed the data from 200 valid responses using a multiple regression approach. Findings Both bilateral incentives and bilateral enforcement would respectively decrease distributor’s opportunism, and bilateral monitoring would increase distributor’s opportunism. Commitment has a mediating role on the relationship between bilateral incentives, bilateral monitoring, bilateral enforcement, and distributor’s opportunism. Research implications Based on expectations of fairness and equitable treatment over the long run, manufacturers need to improve their commitment, and distributors need to curb their opportunism. Whereas a firm’s self-monitoring of investments can meet partners’ expectations, this study suggests that bilateral monitoring decreases commitment and facilitates distributor’s opportunism. Managers should therefore carefully use bilateral monitoring strategies for channel management. Practical implications The study found that both bilateral incentives and enforcement can facilitate commitment and mitigate opportunism. Bilateral enforcement (versus bilateral incentives) has a larger negative impact on opportunism. Bilateral monitoring can mitigate commitments and facilitate opportunism. Additionally, our findings reveal that commitment strengthens the negative effect of both bilateral incentives and bilateral enforcement on opportunism and mitigates the positive effect of bilateral monitoring on opportunism. The findings serve as a base for marketing practitioners managing inter-firm relationships. Originality/Value This study makes two contributions to existing literature. First, it empirically tested the impact of bilateral incentives, bilateral monitoring, and bilateral enforcement on opportunism, thereby enriching the literature on bilateral controls in the marketing channel. Second, it aims to further clarify the mechanism of bilateral controls affecting opportunism. Our study laid a foundation for a follow-up study on commitment.
Uncertainty and Emergent Constraints on Enhanced Ecosystem Carbon Stock by Land Greening

Significant land greening since the 1980s has been detected through satellite observation, forest inventory, and Earth system modeling. However, whether and to what extent global land greening enhances ecosystem carbon stock remains uncertain. Here, using 40 global models, we first detected a positive correlation between the terrestrial ecosystem carbon stock and leaf area index (LAI) over time. Then, we diagnose the source of uncertainty of simulated the sensitivities of ecosystem carbon stock to LAI based on a traceability analysis. We found that the sensitivity of gross primary productivity (GPP) to LAI is the largest contributor to the model uncertainty in more than 60% of the vegetated grids. Using the ensemble of four long‐term global data sets of GPP and three satellite LAI products from 1982 to 2014, we provided an emergent constraint on the ecosystem carbon stock increase as 0.75 ± 0.46 kg C m−2 per unit LAI over global land areas. Furthermore, the biome‐based results reveal that the tropical forest regions have the highest inter‐model variation and model bias. Overall, this study identifies the uncertainty source and provides constrained estimates of the greening effect on ecosystem carbon stock at the global scale.
Contact Binaries in the Field of Stellar Clusters

Several contact binary systems in four stellar clusters or their fields are reported here; NGC7789-V12, EP Cep and ES Cep in NGC188, NGC104-V95 and V710 Mon. Their multiple light curves were analyzed by the 2010 version of the W-D code, and their physical parameters were obtained.
A Novel Approach to Staging and Detection of Colorectal Cancer in Early Stages

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a significant problem affecting patients all over the world. Since it is the fourth most common cause of cancer-related deaths, many scientists aim to expand their knowledge on the detection in early stages and treatment of this disease. Chemokines, as protein parameters involved in many processes accompanying the development of cancer, constitute a group of potential biomarkers that could also be useful in the detection of CRC. For this purpose, our research team used the results of thirteen parameters (nine chemokines, one chemokine receptor and three comparative markers, i.e., CEA, CA19-9 and CRP) to calculate one hundred and fifty indexes. Moreover, for the first time, the relationship between these parameters during the ongoing cancer process and in comparison to a control group are presented. As a result of statistical analyses using patients’ clinical data and the obtained indexes, it was established that several of the indexes have a diagnostic utility that is much higher than the tumor marker that is currently the most commonly used (CEA) currently. Furthermore, two of the indexes (CXCL14/CEA and CXCL16/CEA) showed not only extremely high usefulness in the detection of CRC in its early stages, but also the ability to determine whether the stage is low (stage I and II) or high (stage III and IV).
Doppler optical coherence tomography in determination of suspension viscosity

Doppler optical coherence tomography (DOCT) provides a non-disruptive, high resolution and real-time method for imaging flow velocity profiles inside small channels and capillaries. DOCT has been mostly used in the biomedical field to image blood flow. However, applications in the field of rheology have been rare. In this thesis, the time domain DOCT (TD-DOCT) was utilized to measure flow velocity profiles inside capillaries with high resolution. Time domain configuration was chosen due to the ability to implement dynamic focusing and, in addition, to have sufficient velocity range, especially at high speeds. The accuracy and reliability of the laboratory-built DOCT device was verified with Newtonian suspension and, further, the performance was compared to the commercial DOCT. In vivo measurements with slime mould Physarum polycephalum showed the versatility of DOCT to measure the flow velocity profile of a different kind of scattering suspension even with very low flow rates. The effects of multiple scattering on the accuracy of the measured flow velocity profiles were experimentally studied with two phantom configurations. The first case consisted of the static superficial layer, where the plain glass capillary with flowing Intralipid suspension was embedded into a cuvette. In the second case the moving superficial layer was made by introducing a second glass capillary in front of the studied flow. The results showed that multiple scattering has noticeable effect on the accuracy of the measured flow velocity profiles, especially at the deeper regions. Novel application of the DOCT technique is presented by implementing it to a capillary viscometer. As a result, the absolute viscosity of the Newtonian suspension is derived with high precision directly from the measured flow velocity profile and pressure drop without making any assumption of the flow under study. The results are consistent with the reference values measured with the commercial viscometer.
Role of 4D Sonography in the Assessment of Fetal Anomalies In Role of 4D Sonography in the Assessment of Fetal Anomalies In The 1st and 2nd Trimesters of Pregnancy The 1st and 2nd Trimesters of Pregnancy

Background : Routine ultrasound (US) study establishes itself as a major milestone of antenatal care if resources are facilitated to perform such studies in the second trimester, though routine scanning is increasingly going to begin in the ﬁ rst trimester nowadays, particularly in high-resource settings. Objective : To assess the role of four-dimensional (4D) US in the evaluation of the presence of fetal congenital malformations in the ﬁ rst and second trimesters of pregnancy compared with 2D. Patients and methods : The study was conducted on 50 high-risk pregnant women ( ﬁ rst and second trimester); some of them were examined in their ﬁ rst trimester, whereas others were diagnosed in their second trimester as part of fetal anomaly scan. Part of routine maternal care, suspected cases were advised to undergo 4D US, and data were collected mainly from the 4D unit at Al-Hussien University Hospital. Results : The study compared 2D US and 4D US in the detection of fetal anomalies. A total of 50 women with 56 fetuses were checked by 2D and 4D US, and 52 showed anomalies. Results showed an advantage of 4D US over 2D US in 13% of the examined fetuses, equal ﬁ ndings noted in 30%, and limited information in 17% of the examined cases. 4D US is more useful in some anomalies of the face and extremities only. Conclusion : According toourresults,3D/4DUSappears bene ﬁ
Factors that predict mortality rate in biliary atresia

Fac Med Baghdad 2014; Vol.56, No.2 Received: Feb. 2014 Accepted March. 2014 Background: B.A is a relatively rare obstructive condition of the bile ducts causing neonatal jaundice. The etiology is unknown but is the result of a progressive obliterative process of variable extent. If not treated, B.A is fatal within the first 2 years of life. Objectives: The aim of this study was to analyze & discuss the impact of many patients' factors on short-term outcome of patients with B.A who underwent Kasai operation in our department. Methods: A prospective study on 34 patients with B.A surgically managed at pediatric surgical department /Medical City during the period Nov. 2006 to Sept. 2013. The patients were followed-up for 2-3 months and the outcome were evaluated by morbidity and mortality rates according to different patients' parameters (preoperative, intraoperative and postoperative factors) . Results: the mean age of the infants was (61.6 ± 8.1) days with a female to male ratio of 1.27:1. All the patients had type ш biliary atresia. Infants with body weight < 3.5 kg were about 10 folds more likely to die than those with body weight > 3.5 kg. Infants who passed greenish bowel motion at the 4th – 5th postoperative day were about 6 folds more likely to die p.value= 0.026. Infants with postoperative anastomotic leak were about 7 folds more likely to die than those with no leak p.value = 0.013. Strong highly significant correlation had been found among high death rate and reoperation rate (r = 0.78 and p < 0.001). of the thirty four infants, 24 (70.6%) survived, unfortunately, 10 infants (29.4%) died. the ratio of death to survive was 0.4: 1. Conclusions: the survival with native liver following drainage surgery for biliary atresia in our center, compared favorably with other international figures. Body weight, significant impaired liver function, severe associated anomalies, anastomotic leak and re-intervention, all, greatly contribute to increase mortality rate of those infants.