Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Incidence and factors associated with mortality of neonatal sepsis

Background Neonatal sepsis is one of the major causes of mortality and long term morbidity in neonates, particularly in premature and low birth weight infants. The incidence of neonatal sepsis varies from 1 to 4 in 1000 live births in developed countries and 10 to 50 in 1000 live births in developing countries. The mortality rate of neonatal sepsis remains high, especially in developing countries. Objective To describe the incidence, mortality rate, and factors associated 'With mortality in neonatal sepsis in Sanglah Hospital, Denpasar. Methods A retrospective, cohort study was conducted in the Perinatology Ward, Department of Child Health, Sanglah Hospital, Denpasar, Bali from January to December 2008. One hundred thirty􀁄eight patients 'With neonatal sepsis were enrolled in this study. Patients' characteristic data were collected including sex, mode of delivery (spontaneous, non􀁄spontaneous), condition at birth (vigorous, asphyxic), gestational age (premature, full tenn), birth weight «2500 grams, > 2500 grams), and sepsis classifica􀁄 tion (early onset sepsis, late onset sepsis). Outcomes were grouped into alive and dead. Results A total of 138 cases of neonatal sepsis were reviewed, 59.4% of whom were boys, 63.0% spontaneously delivered,39.1 % asphyxic, 53.6% 'With low birth weight, 50.7% premature, and 84.8% with early onset sepsis. The incidence of neonatal sepsis was 5% of babies admitted, 'With a mortality rate of 28.3%. Low birth weight and prematurity were significantly associated with mortality in neonatal sepsis (RR8.4, 95% CI 2.4 to 29.0, P = 0.001 and RR3.4, 95% ClI.O to 11.0, P 􀀂 0.042, respectively). Conclusion The incidence of neonatal sepsis in Sanglah Hospital was 5% of babies admitted, with a mortality rate of 28.3%. Low birth weight and prematurity were significantly associated with mortality in neonatal sepsis. 2011;51:144-8].
Medical evidence and Incapacity Benefit: evaluation of a pilot study

• Doctors conducting scrutiny of the paper evidence found the case notes more helpful than the existing forms, because they contained fuller, more accurate and more upto-date information and, unlike the existing forms, they were available for all cases. This was particularly the case for re-referral cases and for customers with mental health conditions, where there is often insufficient information on the current forms.
Sleep patterns in the genetically obese Zucker rat: effect of acarbose treatment

Sleep patterns were continuously recorded in the genetically obese Zucker rat. Under normal feeding conditions, Zucker rats showed large amounts of slow-wave sleep (SWS) and normal amounts of pardoxical sleep (PS). In addition, both SWS and PS were equally distributed throughout the nychthemeron. When acarbose (an alpha-glucosidase inhibitor that slows absorption of glucose, reduces plasma insulin, and increases plasma somatostatin) was added to food pellets, the daily duration of SWS was markedly decreased, whereas PS was significantly increased. These results clearly show that sleep in the Zucker rat differs substantially from that classically observed in normal lean rats. In addition, they suggest that anomalies of insulin and somatostatin production and/or levels may cause the sleep disturbances observed in Zucker rats.
Efficacy of Varenicline, an 42 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Partial Agonist, vs Placebo or Sustained-Release Bupropion for Smoking Cessation A Randomized Controlled Trial

ContextVarenicline, a partial agonist at the α4β2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor, has the potential to aid smoking cessation by relieving nicotine withdrawal symptoms and reducing the rewarding properties of nicotine.ObjectiveTo determine the efficacy and safety of varenicline for smoking cessation compared with placebo or sustained-release bupropion (bupropion SR). Design, Setting, and ParticipantsA randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial conducted between June 2003 and March 2005 at 14 research centers with a 12-week treatment period and follow-up of smoking status to week 52. Of 1413 adult smokers who volunteered for the study, 1027 were enrolled; 65% of randomized participants completed the study.InterventionVarenicline titrated to 1 mg twice daily (n = 344) or bupropion SR titrated to 150 mg twice daily (n = 342) or placebo (n = 341) for 12 weeks, plus weekly brief smoking cessation counseling.Main Outcome MeasuresContinuous abstinence from smoking during the last 4 weeks of treatment (weeks 9-12; primary end point) and through the follow-up period (weeks 9-24 and 9-52). ResultsDuring the last 4 weeks of treatment (weeks 9-12), 43.9% of participants in the varenicline group were continuously abstinent from smoking compared with 17.6% in the placebo group (odds ratio [OR], 3.85; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.69-5.50; P<.001) and 29.8% in the bupropion SR group (OR, 1.90; 95% CI, 1.38-2.62; P<.001). For weeks 9 through 24, 29.7% of participants in the varenicline group were continuously abstinent compared with 13.2% in the placebo group (OR, 2.83; 95% CI, 1.91-4.19; P<.001) and 20.2% in the bupropion group (OR, 1.69; 95% CI, 1.19-2.42; P = .003). For weeks 9 through 52, 23% of participants in the varenicline group were continuously abstinent compared with 10.3% in the placebo group (OR, 2.66; 95% CI, 1.72-4.11; P<.001) and 14.6% in the bupropion SR group (OR, 1.77; 95% CI, 1.19-2.63; P = .004). Treatment was discontinued due to adverse events by 10.5% of participants in the varenicline group, 12.6% in the bupropion SR group, and 7.3% in the placebo group. The most common adverse event with varenicline was nausea, which occurred in 101 participants (29.4%). ConclusionsVarenicline is an efficacious, safe, and well-tolerated smoking cessation pharmacotherapy. Varenicline's short-term and long-term efficacy exceeded that of both placebo and bupropion SR.Trial Registrationclinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00143364
(E)-2-[1-(1-Benzothiophen-2-yl)ethylidene]-N-phenylhydrazinecarboxamide

The title compound, C17H15N3OS, crystallizes with two unique molecules, denoted 1 and 2, in the asymmetric unit. The two molecules are closely similar and overlay with an r.m.s. deviation of 0.053 Å. Both molecules adopt E configurations with respect to the C=N bonds. The dihedral angles between the benzothiophene groups and N-bound phenyl rings are 36.36 (9)° for molecule 1 and 29.71 (9)° for molecule 2. The C=N—NH—C(O)NH ethylidene–hydrazinecarboxamide units are also reasonably planar, with r.m.s. deviations of 0.061 and 0.056 Å, respectively, for the two molecules. The methyl substituents lie 0.338 (3) and 0.396 (3) Å, respectively, from these planes. The C=N—NH—C(O)NH planes are inclined to the phenyl rings at 13.65 (11) and 15.56 (11)°, respectively, in molecules 1 and 2. This conformation is enhanced by weak intramolecular C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds between ortho-H atoms of the two phenyl rings and the carbonyl O atoms, which generate S(6) rings in each molecule. In the crystal, pairs of molecules are linked by pairs of intermolecular N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds into dimers. Alternating dimers are further interconnected by weak C—H⋯O contacts into zigzag rows along b. The rows are stacked along a by C—H⋯π contacts involving the benzene ring from molecule 2 and the thiophene ring from molecule 1 of adjacent benzothiophene units.
2-[2-(Benzylsulfanyl)phenyl]-1,1,3,3-tetramethylguanidine

The molecular structure of the title compound, C18H23N3S, shows it to be a derivative of an aminothiophenol possessing a tetramethylguanidine group with a localized C=N double bond of 1.304 (2) Å and a protected thiol functional group as an S-benzyl thioether. The two aromatic ring planes make a dihedral angle of 67.69 (6)°.
1,3-Bis(2-phenylethyl)benzimidazolium-2-dithiocarboxylate

The title compound, C24H22N2S2, crystallizes with two independent mol­ecules in the asymmetric unit; these have essentially the same geometry. However, the dihedral angles between the planes of the two phenyl rings are 30.8 (1) and 21.6 (1)°, respectively, in the two mol­ecules.
2-(5-Chloro-2-oxoindolin-3-ylidene)hydrazinecarbothioamide

The title molecule, C9H7ClN4OS, is almost planar, with an r.m.s. deviation of 0.034 (2) Å for the mean plane through all the non-H atoms. Intramolecular N—H⋯O and N—H⋯N hydrogen bonds form S(6) and S(5) ring motifs, respectively. In the crystal, molecules are assembled into inversion dimers through pairs of co-operative N—H⋯Cl interactions. These dimers are connected along the b axis by N—H⋯O and N—H⋯S hydrogen bonds, generating layers parallel to (103). The layers are further connected along the a axis into a three-dimensional network, through weak π–π stacking interactions [centroid–centroid distance = 3.849 (2) Å].
The transition of early school-leavers from mainstream post-primary school into a Youthreach education centre: an exploration of staff perspectives and the implications for the centre's guidance service

ix Chapter 1 – Introduction . 1 1.1 Overview . 1 1.2 Aims and Objectives of the Present Study . 2 1.3 Structure of the Present Study . 2 Chapter 2 – Literature Review . 5 2.
Health Status Report among Thai Population: The Analysis of the Health and Welfare Survey 2003 (รายงานสถานะสุขภาพคนไทย : การวิเคราะห์ข้อมูลจากการสำรวจอนามัยและสวัสดิการ พ.ศ. 2546)

In 2003, National Statistical Office and International Health Policy Program developed the 9items for assessing health status. The 9 items consist of 4 items assessing physical health (mobility,self care, usual activities, illness/ discomfort), 3 items assessing mental health (anxiety/ depressed,cognition, social function) and 2 items assessing overall health (when compared with last year, andothers). The measure was named the 9-THAI (9-item Thai Health status Assessment Instrument). The objectives of this study were to report health status of Thai general population from the surveyand examine known-group validity of the 9-THAI.In all, 37,202 Thais aged 15 years or over were sampled from in- and out- municipality inevery province by using stratified two stage sampling method. Health status among subjects wholived in northern region, out-municipality, had income in poorest quintile, or were in UniversalCoverage (30 baht) scheme were lowest. They reported significantly higher percentage of problemsin 7 health domains, lower physical and mental scores than those living in other regions, in-municipality,having higher income, or being eligible to other insurance schemes, when statistically testedby Chi-square, t-test, ANOVA methods as appropriate. Health policy makers should be concernedwith these specific groups. Higher percentage of problem in 7 domains and lower scores of physicaland mental scores were also found in poor health groups including those who reported having sickness,being hospitalized or having chronic diseases. The results supported validity of the 9-THAIfor future applications.Key words: health status, Health and Welfare Survey 2003, physical health score, mental health score,construct validity
Adult nurse turnover and retention : South London project report

This project was commissioned by Health Education South London (HESL) in response to the workforce planning process for 2014/15 indicating an unprecedented increase in demand for adult nurses in NHS Trusts. The focus of the project was to identify issues and interventions to improve retention of adult nurses and reduce the rate of leaving jobs (turnover). During 2015 the work of the project has included: a systematic literature review to examine evidence of determinants, costs and interventions of adult nurse turnover; analysis of adult nurse workforce data to identify trends and rates in sub-groups of nurses and by characteristics of their employment context; interviews with senior nurse and human resource managers across South London for views and examples of initiatives to reduce turnover; interviews with adult nurses and nurse managers managers as to their views on the issues and initiatives that might help retain nurses. The evidence from each element is presented and then synthesised.
Optimizing the Enzyme/Prodrug Axis of Suicide Gene Therapy Using Protein Engineering Strategies

By Adam James Johnson, Ph.D. Washington State University December 2011 Chair: Margaret E. Black The unifying goal of cancer therapy is to selectively eradicate cancer cells while sparing normal tissue from damage. As many current anticancer therapies lack specificity and cause unwanted side effects there is an unmet medical need for the development of clinical strategies able to overcome these obstacles. Suicide gene therapy (SGT) is an anticancer strategy with promise to reach this goal. Nevertheless, limitations such as poor prodrug activation and suicide enzyme immunogenicity hinder its applicability in a clinical setting. The work herein describes efforts to overcome these limitations. We evaluated whether the combination of enzyme and pathway engineering strategies would augment prodrug activation for the cytosine deaminase/5fluorocytosine (CD/5FC) SGT system and demonstrated that the bacterial CD mutant bCD1525 showed a superior combination of tumor cytotoxicity and bystander activity in vitro and in vivo relative to all wild-type and mutant constructs examined. Results suggest that the use of pathway engineering in combination with our previously identified CD mutants negatively influences bystander activity in vivo and diminishes the
(Z)-1-(2-Chlorophenyl)-3-methyl-4-[2-(4-nitrophenyl)hydrazin-1-ylidene]-1H-pyrazol-5(4H)-one

There are two independent molecules, A and B, in the asymmetric unit of the title compound, C16H12ClN5O3. The relative orientations of the chlorophenyl ring with respect to the pyrazole ring in the two crystallographically independent molecules are different, and their corresponding dihedral angles are −53.3 (2) and 114.09 (18)° in molecules A and B, respectively. There are two strong intramolecular N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds, and two weak intramolecular C—H⋯O and C—H⋯Cl hydrogen bonds. The crystal packing is constructed by weak C—H⋯O and N—H⋯O interactions, and two π–π stacking interactions [centroid–centroid distances = 3.7894 (9) and 3.5719 (10) Å], forming a molecular ladder along the a axis.
2-(4-Aminophenyl)-1,3-benzothiazole

The title compound, C13H10N2S, contains two independent molecules in its asymmetric unit, with slightly different conformations. In one molecule, the dihedral angle between the benzothiazole unit and the benzene ring is 6.73 (1)°, while the corresponding angle in the other molecule is 1.8 (1)°. In the crystal structure, the molecules are linked into layers by N—H⋯N hydrogen bonds.
The relation between chronic aseptic arthritis and previous Chlamydia infection among middle aged Iraqi patients.

Aims: This study was conducted to detect and evaluate the relation between chronic aseptic arthritis and previous Chlamydia trachomatis infection among middle aged Iraqi patients. Study Design: Cross sectional study Place and Duration of Study: private clinic in Al-Door city/ Salahaddin Province / Iraq, between October 2012 and May 2013. Methodology: This study included 33 known patients with chronic arthritis, with negative rheumatoid factor (RF) in their sera, aging from 26 to 61 years. Septic arthritis was excluded by history, clinical examination, and blood investigations. The ESR for these patients was estimated. Other 33 subjects were taken as a control group. Chlamydia trachomatis IgM and IgG were estimated by ELISA test (sandwich method) for both groups' sera, and results were statistically Clinical Practice Article Albayati et al.; BJMMR, 8(4):353-361, 2015; Article no.BJMMR. 2015.459 354 analyzed. Results: The female: male ratio in current study is (5.6: 1), with mean age of (46) years old. More than half of cases (52%) were having ESR value of 40-60. A highly significant statistical difference (P<0.001) was noticed between study groups in regard to C. trachomatis IgG mean levels in their sera calculated by unpaired Ttest. Conclusion: There is a significant relation between chronic arthritis and previous Chlamydia infection in current study (demonstrated by high titer of antiChlamydia trachomatis IgG).
3-(4-Fluorobenzyl)-1H-isochromene-1-thione

In the molecule of the title compound, C16H11FOS, the benzene ring is oriented at a dihedral angle of 89.68 (3)° with respect to the planar [maximum deviation 0.009 (2) Å] isocoumarin ring system. An intramolecular C—H⋯S interaction results in the formation of a planar five-membered ring. In the crystal structure, intermolecular C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds link the molecules into chains parallel to the c axis. A π–π contact between the isocoumarin rings [centroid–centroid distance = 3.818 (3) Å] may further stabilize the structure.
(2-Chloro-3,5-dinitrophenyl)(piperidin-1-yl)methanone

In the title compound, C12H12ClN3O5, the piperidine ring adopts a chair conformation. One of the nitro groups is almost coplanar with the aromatic ring [O—N—C—C = −1.4 (2)°], whereas the other one is significantly twisted out of the ring plane [O—N—C—C = 34.7 (2)°]. The crystal packing is stabilized by intermolecular π–π stacking interactions with centroid–centroid distances of 3.579 (3) Å.
5-(Trifluoromethoxy)isatin

The title compound [systematic name: 5-(trifluoromethoxy)-1H-indole-2,3-dione], C9H4F3NO3, crystallized with two molecules in the asymmetric unit. Intermolecular N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds link the molecules to form layers parallel to the ab plane. In addition, π–π stacking interactions are observed with a centroid–centroid distance of 3.721 (1) Å. The near planarity of the two isatin ring systems is illustrated by by the maximum deviations of 0.023 (1) and 0.025 (1) Å for the N atom in each case.
Vitamin D, bilirubin and urinary albumin-creatinine ratio in adults with sickle cell anaemia

Background: The interaction between vitamin D deficiency (VDD) and dysfunction of both the kidney and liver is still poorly understood in different health states of SCA. This study determined serum levels of vitamin D and indices of liver and renal function in adult sickle cell anaemia subjects. Methods: Sixty subjects with sickle cell anaemia (30 in steady state [SSCA] and 30 in vaso-occlusive crisis [VOC]) and 30 apparently healthy individuals with HbAA genotype were recruited into this study. Standard methods were used for the determination of total protein, albumin, bilirubin, urinary creatinine and albumin while serum vitamin D was determined using ELISA. Differences between groups were determined using Student’s t-test or Man-Whitney U test as appropriate. P <0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Results: Serum vitamin D was significantly lower in sickle cell anemia (SCA) subjects and the deficiency was more profound in VOC when compared with the control subjects. SCA subjects with vitamin D level <50 nmol/L had significantly higher levels of total bilirubin (TBIL) and conjugated bilirubin (CBIL) compared with those who had ≥50 nmol/L vitamin D level. No significant difference in vitamin D level between SCA subjects with once or less episodes of SCA crisis per year and SCA subjects with two or more episodes of SCA crisis per year although, the median vitamin D level was lower in the latter. Conclusion: Vitamin D deficiency is more pronounced in SCA subjects in vaso-occlusive crisis and hyperbilirubinaemia was observed in SCA subjects with low serum vitamin D level.
Haemophilus influenzae, deuxième cause des méningites bactériennes de l'enfant à Madagascar.

Summary: Haemophilus influenzae, the second cause of bacterial meningitis in children in Madagascar. The Haemophilus influenzae b is one of the main germs causing bacterial meningitis in children in countries where the vaccine anti-Haemophilus influenzae b is not widely used. In Madagascar, no epidemiological study on this germ has been carried out. The objective of this research is to assess the role of Haemophilus influenzae meningitis in Antananarivo and to determine its epidemiologi cal aspects and evolution. A multicentric study coordinated by the Institut Pasteur de Madagascar included all children less than 15 years old with infectious syndromes associated to a syndrome of meningial irritation and/or convulsion and/or coma. These children were admitted in the pediatric service of the three main hospitals in Antananarivo from June 1998 and June 2000. A lumbar punc ture was performed on each child; the cerebrospinal fluid was set aside for cytobacterial and bio chemical controls completed with an antimicrobial sensitivity testing and a soluble antigens research. Out of 160 case studies, the Haemophilus influenzae b arrives at the second place among the agents causing bacterial meningitis in children. This type of bacteria is the source of 32% of meningitis after the Streptococcus pneumoniae (34%). It affects 96 % of children less than two years old, with a maximal frequency before the age of one year. The lethality rate is 28.6% and the neurological sequelae were observed in 31.4% of patients. Haemophilus influenzae is sensitive to the third generation cephalosporins but shows high resistance to chloramphenicol (42%), amoxicil lin (29%) and gentamicin (22%). The relatively high frequency as well as the high lethality rate cau sed by the Haemophilus influenzae b meningitis, affecting selectively the children under two years old, bring in the need to introduce the a n t i -Haemophilus influenzae b vaccine in the national vac cination program in Madagascar. This vaccine has proved to be efficient in many countries where it has been used. Furthermore, in the probabilistic treatment of bacterial meningitis in children, the third generation cephalosporins should be used in the first place.
Clinical effects of irrigation with Saussurea lappa extract in the treatment of chronic periodontitis: A pilot randomized trial

Introduction: Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease manifested as the destruction of tooth supporting tissues, which may progress to tooth loss. The chemical antimicrobial agents are often applied locally into the periodontal pocket as adjuncts to conventional mechanical periodontal therapy, but these have various adverse effects. Root extract of Saussurea lappa has shown anti-inflammatory and anti-bacterial properties. Hence, the present study was aimed to assess and compare the effect of root extract of S. lappa to chlorhexidine gluconate as subgingival irrigant as an adjunct to scaling and root planing (SRP). Materials and Methods: Thirty chronic periodontitis patients in the age group of 25-45 years were selected for the study. Five hundred and forty periodontal pockets were treated by three different procedures: Group1: Subjects treated by SRP only, Group 2: In addition to SRP, irrigation with S. lappa extract was done and Group 3: Chlorhexidine was used as irrigant along with SRP. Periodontal clinical recordings (modified sulcular bleeding index, probing pocket depth, clinical attachment level, and the presence of pus discharge) were done at 0, 7, 14, 28, and 42 days. Results: The periodontal parameters studied improved in all the three groups over the time period. In 4-5 mm pockets, S. lappa treated group showed significant improvement than chlorhexidine treated group. Furthermore, a dramatic decrease in periodontal pockets with pus discharge was seen in this group. Conclusion: Subgingival irrigation with S. lappa might be a promising adjunct to conventional treatment options in the management of periodontal infections.