Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
ISOLASI NEMATODA PATOGEN SERANGGA STEINERNEMA DAN HETERORHABDITIS

Isolation of Entomopathogenic Nematodes Steinernema and Heterorhabditis. Entomopathogenic nematodes from the genus Steinernema and Heterorhabditis (Rhabditida: Steinernematidae and Heterorhabditidae) are promising biological control agent of insect pests. Indigenous nematodes have been isolated and collected for the use in local biological control program of important insect pests. The nematodes were isolated using soil baiting method with insect larvae. Laboratory tests have shown that the mealworm larvae Tenebrio molitor (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) served as a good alternative to the standard insect bait, the greater wax moth larvae Galleria mellonella (Lepidoptera: Galleriidae) for isolation and maintenance of nematodes. Both nematodes were successfully isolated using T. molitor larvae from 13% soil samples (26 out of a total of 207) collected from 14 locations in West and Central Java and Lampung provinces in the period of 1993 until 2006. Heterorhabditis (9%) was more prevalent than Steinernema (4%). Both nematodes were successfully propagated on mealworm larvae.
Influence of plant photosynthetic characteristics on DO distribution, purification effect in constructed wetlands

The aim of this study is to investigate the plant photosynthetic characteristic and its influence on the distribution of dissolved oxygen (DO) and removal efficiency of pollutants in constructed wetlands. The photosynthetic characteristics of several typical plant species, such as Reed, Canna, Ipomoea and Dracaena were measured. Besides, the relationship between net photosynthesis rate (Pn) and DO distribution as well as the pollutant removal effect in constructed wetlands were investigated. Therefore, most appropriate plants were selected out and then the DO condition would be improved. Thus the nitrogen removal effect could be enhanced. Results indicated that Pn had distinct effect on the DO distribution, and the DO concentration in the midst of wetland was higher than that in ends. Accordingly, the oxygen supply capability of plants was verified and reed was the preferred plant in present study, particularly demonstrating stronger oxygen supply capability. Results also showed that Pn was remarkably related with the removal effect of TN and NH~+_ 4 -N. As a result, oxygen supply could be strengthened to enhance nitrogen removal effect by means of selecting plants with strong oxygen supply capacity or appropriately increasing planting density.
Characteristics of Rooting and Leaf Emergence Rate, Early Growth and Heading Date of Rice Seedlings with Different Plant Age in Leaf Number

Eleven kinds of rice seedlings with different plant age in leaf unmber in the range 0-7.2 (counting the incomplete leaf as the first leaf), raised under the same condition, were grown in the phytotron-controlled day/night temperature (25/20 or 20/15°C) with natural light to clarify the characteristics of rooting and leaf emergence rate after transplanting, and also the difference of earfy growth and heading date. Both the number of new roots and total new root length at 7 days after transplanting (TP) were higher in the seedlings with more leaves due to the nodal position of emerged new roots. The reverse relation was observed in the leaf emergence rate during that period due to the difference in average leaf blade length. Transplanting injury, indicated by the leaf emergence rate during 3 days after TP, increased in proportion to the number of leaves of the seedling, and was not observed in the youngest seedling without foliage leaf. The number of new roots showed a highly significant negative or positive correlation with leaf emergence rate or leaf elongation rate from the leaf sheath, respectively. Each of the growth parameters at 21 days after TP was superior in proportion to the number of leaves of seedlings, but the difference of each parameter among the seedlings decreased in order of: (1) plant length and age in leaf number, (2) number of tillers and roots, and (3) dry weight over time after TP due to the faster growth rate of seedlings with fewer leaves. Although the number of leaves on the main culm was almost the same among the seedlings (range 15.6-16.5), the dates of flag leaf emergence and heading were delayed proportionally in the seedlings with fewer leaves.
Determinants of temporal variation in moth abundance

The year to year variation in abundance of noctuid moths was investigated in three Central European habitats that differed in their successional status and degree of disturbance. Constancy in terms of abundance was associated with the successional status of the locality and the potential population growth rate (PGR) of the moths. The highest variation was recorded for species with a high population growth rate. The constant environment associated with the climax habitat supported populations of moths with low variation in abundance and low PGR. The geographical distribution of the species investigated was positively correlated with their potential population growth rate and variation in abundance. More data on the distribution of species and ecosystem succession are needed to explain biogeography in terms of ecological principles.
APPARENT DIGESTIBILITY OF SELECTED PROTEIN INGREDIENTS FOR LARGER YELLOW CROAKER PSEUDOSCIAENA CROCEA

Apparent digestibility coefficients of dry matter, crude protein, crude lipid, energy and phosphorous in white fish meal, brown fish meal, meat and bone meal, soybean meal, peanut meal, rapeseed meal and cottonseed meal were determined respectively for large yellow croaker. Apparent digestibility coefficients were determined by using a reference diet with 0.1% chromic oxide indicator and test diets that contained 70% reference diet, by weight, and 30% of the test feed ingredient being evaluated. The fish averaging 15.0±1.6g were reared in floating sea cages. Feces samples were manually stripped from anesthetized fish to prevent contacting with water. Apparent digestibility coefficients of dry matter ranging from 43.6% to 70.0%, and the values for rapeseed and cottonseed meal were lower (50.6% and 43.6%) than those for other tested feedstuffs. Apparent digestibility coefficients of energy reflected the differences in dry matter digestibility, the higher digestibility coefficients were observed for white fish meal and brown fish meal of 82.6% and 80.5%, and lower digestibility coefficients were found in rapeseed meal (66.4%) and cottonseed meal (42.9%). Apparent digestibility coefficients of crude protein ranged from 70.9% to 92.4% indicated that these feedstuffs could be efficiently utilized by large yellow croaker. Apparent digestibility coefficients of crude lipid were higher than 74.2% except for cottonseed meal (61.3%). Apparent digestibility coefficients of phosphorous were low (from 9.3% for cottonseed meal to 62.3% for white fish meal) and showed significant differences among the feed ingredients. These data provide more precise informations concerning nutrient and energy utilization of large yellow croaker for these protein ingredients and will allow ingredient substitutions in practical feed based on the levels of fish nutrients.
Isolation and Characterization of Ricin E from Castor Beans

A toxic protein, distinct from ricin D, was isolated from castor beans produced in Japan and referred to as ricin E. Ricin E was extracted from defatted meal of castor beans and purified by gel filtration through Sephadex G-75 column followed by DEAE- and CM-cellulose column chromatographies. Ricin E was found to be a glycoprotein and had two N-terminal amino acids, Ile and Ala, which were identical to those of ricin D. The molecular weight of ricin E was 64,000 by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and its sedimentation coefficient was 4.45 S. The isoelectric point of ricin E, estimated to be 8.8 by ampholine electrophoresis, was higher than that of ricin D. Ricin E had equal toxicity for mice and equal cytoagglutinating activity for Sarcoma 180 ascites tumor cells to those of ricin D, and this cytoagglutination was inhibited by galactose.
Comparison of Toxin Composition Between Populations of Alexandrium spp. from Geographically Distant Areas.

Axenic clonal isolates of the dinoflagellates Alexandrium tamarense and A. catenella derived from benthic cysts from Ofunato Bay (Iwate Prefecture, Japan), Tanabe Bay (Wakayama Prefecture, Japan) and motile cells from the Seto Inland Sea were subjected to toxin analysis by HPLC. Toxin contents and compositions of two or four sexually different vegetative cell germinated from each cyst were compared, In A. tamarense, the toxin compositions (mole%) of six isolates were relatively constant, but one isolate showed a clear distinction in a lack of N-sulfocarbamoyl (Cx) toxins. In A. catenella, the toxin composition was rather uniform within a geographical region. Moreover, toxin compositions of A. catenella isolates from Tanabe Bay and the Seto Inland Sea were clearly distinguished from those of A. catenella from Ofunato Bay. These results indicate the occurence of inter-and intra-specific indigenous populations from distant localities, and the toxin profiles separate one morphospecies into two regional populations.
Studies of growth in the clonal herb Glechoma hederacea. I: Patterns of physiological integration

The stoloniferous clonal herb Glechoma hederacea (Labiatae) has a decussate phyllotaxy. Each node bears two leaves which emerge from the opposite faces of a quadrangular stolon. Anatomical studies showed that the vascular tissue of the stolon is concentrated into four major bundles, and leaf traces connect each leaf of a ramet to the proximal pair of vascular bundles. These two vascular bundles also provide the vascularization for the secondary stolon developing from the axial of that leaf. Transport of resources in the vascular system was analysed using acid fuchsion dye and 14 C-labelled photoassimilate. All transport of dye in the xylem was acropetal (.)
Ecology, Economics, and Network Dynamics

In a seminal 1972 paper, Robert M. May asked: "Will a Large Complex System Be Stable? " and argued that stability (of a broad class of random linear systems) decreases with increasing complexity, sparking a revolution in our understanding of ecosystem dynamics. Twenty-five years later, May, Levin, and Sugihara translated our understanding of the dynamics of ecological networks to the financial world in a second seminal paper, "Complex Systems: Ecology for Bankers. " Just a year later, the US subprime crisis led to a near worldwide "great recession," spread by the world financial network. In the present paper we describe highlights in the development of our present understanding of stability and complexity in network systems, in order to better understand the role of networks in both stabilizing and destabilizing economic systems. A brief version of this working paper, focused on the underlying theory, appeared as an invited feature article in the February 2020 Society for Chaos Theory in Psychology and the Life Sciences newsletter (Hastings et al. 2020).
The Dynamic Of Landing Blue Swimming Crab (Portunnus pelagicus) Cathes in Pangkajene Kepulauan South Sulawesi, Indonesia

Based on numerous research and landing trends, blue swimming crab (Portunus pelagicus) in Indonesia are presently under considerable pressure, as the volume and sizes of catches are decreasing. However, the management strategy for blue swimming crab still lacks crucial information. For this reason, a study in relation to the dynamics of the catch landing characteristics of blue swimming crab is important. Therefore, the objectives of this study are to analyse the dynamic of blue swimming crab catches. The study was conducted in Pangkajene Kepulauan, South Sulawesi Indonesia one of the focal points for landing blue swimming crab in Indonesia. The catches, both in total weight and morphometrics were compared between the monsoon season (month) and the phases of the moon. The results of this study concluded that the greatest landings of crab catches in Pangkajene Kepulauan occurred in the dry season (June) during the new moon. A comparison of the morphometrics of gear also concluded a similar result, where the width, length and weight also achieved the highest value during the dry season (June).
Solid-State Fermentation and Characterization of Amylase from a Thermophilic Aspergillus niger Isolated from Municipal Compost Soil

Screening of the six compost fungi for their ability to produce amylase using solid-state fermentation (SSF) revealed that Aspergillus niger was the best amylase producer. Among the several agronomic wastes, the highest yield of amylase from A. niger was obtained with rice bran. Soluble starch and peptone (1% w/w) when used as carbon and nitrogen supplements, respectively, enhanced the enzyme production. The optimum pH, temperature and incubation period for amylase production by the isolate were found to be 6.0, 30°C and 120 h, respectively. The apparent molecular weight of the enzyme following sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis was found to be 55 kDa. The partially purified enzyme was optimally active at 70°C and pH 5.0 and 9.0. The results obtained in the present study suggest that the A. niger isolated from the compost pile may act as a potent source for the industrial production of amylase. The enzyme being stable at elevated temperatures and under both acidic and alkaline pH can meet the requirements of food, beverage and detergent industries where often extremes of pH and temperatures are involved.
Rice Hulls, Leaf-waste Pellets, and Pine Bark as Herbicide Carriers for Container-grown Woody Ornamentals

An integrated approach to weed control in nursery containers is crucial if herbicide applications during the growing season are to be reduced. This experiment, conducted in 2002 and 2003 in Urbana, Ill. , evaluated rice hulls, leaf-waste pellets, and pine bark as herbicide carriers for the preemergence herbicides oryzalin at 2 lb/acre a.i. and diuron at 1 lb/acre a.i. The efficacy of the treatments in controlling annual weeds and the phytotoxic effects of the treatments on the woody plant species were evaluated in separate completely randomized designs. For the efficacy experiment, no ornamental plants were present and containers were each seeded with a mixture of 1:1:1 (by volume) of annual bluegrass (Poa annua), common groundsel (Senecio vulgaris), and shepherd’s purse (Capsella bursa-pastoris) immediately after treatment applications. For the phytotoxicity experiment, ‘Goldflame’ spirea (Spiraea japonica), ‘Hetz Midget’ american arborvitae (Thuja occidentalis), and ‘Snowmound’ nippon spirea (Spiraea nipponica) were evaluated. No weed seeds were sown in the phytotoxicity containers. Treatments for both experiments included spray applications of herbicides with water or with one of the organic mulches as a carrier or one of the mulches alone. Evaluations were done 45 and 120 days after treatment (DAT) in both years. The organic carriers with herbicide sprays gave efficacy visual ratings equivalent to water as a carrier for both herbicides. Phytotoxicity was not observed in the spirea species in either year. For ‘Hetz Midget’ american arborvitae in 2002, diuron with water had the highest visual phytotoxicity rating. Diuron phytotoxicity on the ‘Hetz Midget’ american arborvitae was alleviated when diuron was applied with any of the three mulches as a carrier. Pine bark treatments increased plant biomass for ‘Goldflame’ spirea in 2003, 45 DAT. At 120 DAT in 2002, pine bark gave increased plant biomass as compared with no organic mulch treatments for ‘Goldflame’ spirea. The study was conducted to ascertain whether the use of organic mulches as carriers could reduce phytotoxic effects of a herbicide on container-grown woody ornamentals, improve crop plant biomass, and act as a herbicide carrier for container-grown woody ornamentals.
A new species of Scinax Wagler (Anura: Hylidae) from Cerrado of Brazil

A new species of Scinax of central Brazil, closer to the Scinax maracaya (Cardoso & Sazima), from the Cerrado biome (open formations) is described. This new species is characterized by the following combination of traits: moderate size (males 28.4–30.8 mm snout vent length); presence of several flash orange-yellowish transversal stripes on thigh; vocal sac well developed; snout acuminate in profile; advertisement call with one note, 4–15 pulses, and dominant frequency 2.93–3.27 kHz. Description of the advertisement call and comments on natural history and habitat are provided.
Simplified, Efficient System for In Vivo Mass Production of Gypsy Moth Nucleopolyhedrosis Virus

Efficient methods for mass production of Lymantria dispar (L.), nucleopolyhedrosis virus (NPV) were developed. Fifth-stage larvae were infected with NPV and held at 29°C until ca. 75% of the insects were dead. Larvae were then frozen (−20°C) for 18 h, lyophilized, and transferred to an apparatus that dislodged the allergenic, urticarious setae. The final step in the production system involved milling the lyophilized larvae to obtain a virus powder. The freeze-drying dehairing-milling technique was less costly than the previous system and produced a technical product with fewer contaminants and virtually no larval setae.
Regulation of telomerase by genistein in human prostate cancer cells

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Georgetown University, 2008. ; Includes bibliographical references. Genistein, the most abundant isoflavonoid found in soy and other leguminous plants such as lentils, has cancer growth modulating effects that vary based on its concentration. It is unclear which particular concentrations of genistein have a cancer promoting or cancer inhibiting effect. The mechanism for enhanced cancer cell proliferation by genistein is also unknown. One molecular target of genistein is telomerase. Telomerase imparts endless replicative potential to cancer cells by facilitating proliferation and survival through the alteration of growth factors and apoptotic proteins. Having previously determined that pharmacological concentrations of genistein repress telomerase activity and prostate cancer cell growth, we examined the effect of physiologically achievable concentrations of genistein on telomerase activity and cancer cell proliferation. We found that physiologically achievable concentrations of genistein enhance telomerase activity and human prostate cancer cell growth. Signal transducers and activators of transcription 3 (STAT3) activation and increased STAT3 binding to the telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) promoter by physiological concentrations of genistein were identified as the mechanism for enhanced telomerase activity in human prostate cancer cells. ; The mechanism for genistein-induced activation of STAT3 was then determined. A physiological concentration of genistein activated signaling proteins upstream of STAT3 including JAK2, Akt, Src, and MAPK p44/42 in human prostate cancer cells. Specific shRNA inhibition of these signaling proteins in stable STAT3 reporter prostate cancer cells reduced STAT3 reporter activity and cancer cell proliferation. Genistein treatment of cells with the signaling proteins inhibited did not increase STAT3 reporter activity and cancer cell proliferation to the level observed in genistein treated control cells, indicating that JAK2, Akt, Src, and MAPK p44/42 are necessary for genistein-induced activation of STAT3. The data collectively suggests that physiologically achievable concentrations of genistein enhance cancer cell proliferation by increasing telomerase activity via STAT3 activation mediated by upstream signaling proteins. The result that physiological concentrations of genistein promote prostate cancer cell growth indicates that prudence should be exercised when genistein is considered for chemotherapeutic purposes as unfavorable effects in individuals with prostate cancer is possible.
Physiological responses of c 4 grasses to prolonged heat stress

C 4 grasses are best adapted to the transition, warm-arid, and warm-humid climatic zones and have the ability to acquire thermotolerance by exposure to acute heat stress. Exposure to sub-lethal temperatures results in changes in physiological, biochemical, metabolic, and molecular processes. The response of two warm-season grasses to prolonged heat stress was investigated. Plants of hybrid bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon × C. transvaalensis 'Tifway') and Japanese lawn grass (Zoysia japonica Steud. 'Meyer') were exposed for 168 h to supraoptimal temperature conditions (47°C) in controlled-environment chamber. Compared with zoysiagrass, bermudagrass showed greater damage. Metabolite pro- fi les were affected by prolonged heat exposure, with signifi cant differences between these species. Consistent differences were found in total soluble sugars accumulation over the study period and severity of plant organ senescence. Bermu- dagrass roots were more affected, as compared to leaves. Leaf proteins expression determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis showed an early degradation in zoysiagrass, as thermal exposure proceeded. A signifi - cant net decline in protein content was observed after 48 h of exposure, while in bermudagrass an analogous decline was not detected until 96 h of treatment. Although heat stress is not considered a detrimental factor to C 4 grass species, the two species showed signifi cant differences in their physiological response to continuous high temperatures.
Soil fungi isolated from Icelandic farmland

Fungi were isolated from soil samples collected at the farm Brydju­ holt,in Southern Iceland in the fall of 1981 and 1982, from five adjacent sites, each representing different vegetation. Using soil dilution method the fungi were isolated and grown in pure culture. Only the species which could be identified to a species are reported or 5 zygomycetes, 6 ascomycetes and 27 hyphomycetes, a total of 38 species. Thereof 17 species are reported new to Iceland. Little is known about fungi in Icelandic soils. LAUBE (1971) investigated Icelandic Mucorales, and some ascomycetes, thereof several species iso­ lated from soil. From soil samples collected in Surtsey in 1972, 11 species of soil fungi were isolated (HENRIKSSON & HENRIKSSON 1974). Following win­ terkilling of grasses in 1968 and 1969, KOMMEDAHL (1972) and KOMMEDAHL & Einar 1. SIGGEIRSSON (1973) isolated 6 Fusarium species from soil and root samples collected from spots of killed grasses in South and North Ice­ land. Clearly, fungi of other genera grew amongst the Fusarium colonies, but only three such species were mentioned. Guoriour Gyoa EYJ6LFS­ D6TIIR, Sigurgeir 6LAFSSON & BREWER (1988) compared the fungal floras found in highland and lowland sheep pastures (experimental grazing pens) based on fungi isolated from 40 and 54 soil samples respectively, collected in the summers of 1982 and 1983. They reported 30 species from the low­ land plot and 21 species from the highland plot, a total of 38 different spe­ cies. Several other taxa which were not assigned to a species, were also re­ ported. GRAVESEN et al. (1983) and HALLAS & GRAVESEN (1987) investigated the microfungi and mites isolated from hay and haydust, some of which may originate from soil. This investigation is based on 17 soil samples from farmland in South­ ern Iceland, collected in the fall of 1981 and 1982. Samples were collected from the lowest area of a mire where Sphagnum was px:edominant, from gently sloping areas of the mire, from adjacent dry Racomitrium-dominated moss and grass heath, from a rind of uncultivated grassland connecting the heath to the mire, from a hayfield cultivated 30 years earlier from the moss and grass heath, and from dried mire near a drainage ditch.