Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Investigating A Hypothesis on The Mechanism of Long-Term Memory Storage

Memory is a fundamental cognitive function of the human, and long-term memory (LTM) plays a substantial role in it. Despite all the research, the mechanism of the storage of LTM data in the brain, as well as the brain areas responsible for it, are not clearly identified yet. There is an ancient philosophical idea that the human memory is stored in an extracorporeal space, i.e. the human soul. In this study, using a materialistic approach, we aimed to take one step in investigating the role of human soul in brain functionality by assessing the compliance of this old idea with the available neuroscientific facts. Although with the current knowledge of the human it is not possible to accept nor to deny or examine the existence of soul, we think people in the fields of neuroscience, psychology, or psychiatry should start speaking about â€œhuman soulâ€ in their works; belief in soul is nearly as old as the history of human, and one day people should start to scientifically investigate it.
Residue analysis and degradation dynamics of fenoxanil in rice

The method for the determination of fenoxanil residues in paddy plant,soil and water were estimated for evaluating the safety of fenoxanil in paddy field.The samples were extracted with ethyl acetate,cleaned-up using a Florisil solid phase extraction cartridge,and subsequently determinate by gas chromatography-electron capture detector(GC-ECD). Average recoveries of fenoxanil in paddy plant,soil and water were found in the range of 74.98%-102.96% at the three spiking levels from 0.05 mg·kg-1 to 5.00 mg·kg-1 with relative standard deviations of 0.68%-8.07%. The limits of quantification(LOQ) in paddy plant,soil and water were 0.05 mg·kg-1.The field experiments demonstrated that the decline curves of fenoxanil in paddy field were accorded with the first-order kinetics equation.The half-lives of fenoxanil in paddy plant,soil and water were 3.62-5.51,3.60-24.32,2.29-26.66 d,respectively.Fenoxanil is easily degradable pesticide in paddy plant,soil and water.
Spatial distribution and seasonal variation of mesozooplankton biomass in the Gulf of Lions (northwestern Mediterranean)

Des peches verticales de zooplancton ont ete realisees du fond a la surface (ou de 600 m a la surface au dela du talus continental) a 113 stations, reparties sur cinq periodes pendant trois ans, couvrant les differentes saisons. La biomasse, le nombre total des copepodes et d'autres organismes du mesozooplancton sont rapportes par metre carre. Durant mai/juin 1988 la biomasse totale est significativement plus elevee par comparaison a septembre 1986, decembre 1986 et fevrier 1988. Les plus fortes valeurs de la biomasse sont observees dans la province oceanique et les valeurs les plus faibles dans la province cotiere. L'abondance des copepodes est significativement plus elevee en septembre 1986 comparee aux autres periodes
Effective weed management in clusterbean (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba) through post-emergence herbicide

A field experiment was conducted at the Research Farm of Agricultural Research Station, Swami Keshwanand Rajasthan Agricultural University, Bikaner during the rainy (kharif) seasons of 2012, 2013 and 2014 to test the effi- cacy of different weed control measures against weeds in clusterbean [Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (L.) Taub. ]. The experiment comprising seven weed control treatments, viz. imazethapyr 40 g/ha, quizalofop ethyl 37.5 g/ha, fenoxaprop-p-ethyl 50 g/ha, imazethapyr + imazamox 40 g/ha, pendimethalin 0.75 kg/ha as pre-emergence (PE), hand-weeding twice at 20 and 40 days after sowing (DAS) and weedy check was laid out in a randomized block design with four replications. Amongst the herbicidal treatments, post-emergence application of imazethapyr + imazamox 40 g/ha applied at 34-leaf stage resulted in the lowest weed density and dry weight of both grassy and broad-leaf weeds. Application of imazethapyr alone at 40 g/ha applied at 34-leaf stage significantly reduced the density and dry weight of broad-leaf weeds, but it was not effective against grassy weeds. Pods/plant and seed and straw yields, net returns and benefit: cost ratio were also superior with imazethapyr + imazamox 40 g/ha com- pared to the other treatments.
Eosinophilic esophagitis in children: A cross‐sectional study from a tertiary care center

Abstract Background and Aim The prevalence of eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is rising in the West. However, data from the Indian subcontinent is limited. In this prospective cross‐sectional study, we estimated the prevalence of EoE among children undergoing elective upper gastrointestinal endoscopy (UGIE). Methods We enrolled 200 consecutive children (123 boys, median age 10.25 years [interquartile range 8.25–14.5]) between March 2020 and November 2022 at our center. Clinical characteristics, endoscopic findings, and laboratory parameters were noted. A total of 12 mucosal biopsies (3 each from the middle and lower third of the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum) were obtained. EoE was diagnosed if the peak eosinophil count was ≥15/high‐power field (HPF) in absence of gastric and duodenal eosinophilia. Results The commonest indications for UGIE were gastroesophageal reflux disease‐like symptoms (29%), inflammatory bowel disease (22.5%), celiac disease (15%), and abdominal pain (13%). EoE was detected in seven children, suggesting an overall prevalence of 3.5%. Of the 20 children evaluated for dysphagia, 4 (20%) had EoE. Also, two of three (67%) children presented with food bolus impaction along with dysphagia had EoE. Of the seven children with EoE, three (43%) had bronchial asthma, two (28.5%) had peripheral eosinophilia, and one (14%) had elevated serum IgE. Trachealization and linear furrows were found in 57% and 71% cases, respectively. Four children received high‐dose proton pump inhibitor (PPI) for 12 weeks, two received PPI+ stricture dilatation, and one received systemic steroids. All achieved clinical, endoscopic, and histopathological remission. Conclusion Hospital‐based prevalence of EoE among children undergoing elective UGIE was 3.5%. EoE patients had favorable outcomes with PPI.
Engineers, figuring it out: Collaborative learning in cultural worlds

Although open‐ended projects are common in the first and final years of US engineering programs, middle‐year courses tend to utilize simpler highly constrained problems. Such problems can elicit knowledge and social practices typical of school activity (“School World”), with limited applicability in real engineering work (“Engineering World”). They can also result in inequitable participation in groups.
Evaluation of Global Post-Outbreak COVID-19 Treatment Interventions: A Systematic Review and Bibliometric Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

Purpose The outbreak of COVID-19 has led to a global pandemic with millions of cases and deaths. Many randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were conducted to establish effective therapies. However, the methodological quality of these trials is paramount, as it directly impacts the reliability of results. This systematic review and bibliometric analysis aim to assess the methodological approach, execution diversity, global trends, and distribution of COVID-19 treatment RCTs post-outbreak, covering the period from the second wave and onward up to the present. Methods We utilize articles from three electronic databases published from September 1, 2020, to April 1, 2023. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied to identify relevant RCTs. Data extraction involved the collection of various study details. Risk of Bias (RoB) 2 tool assessed methodological quality, while implementation variability was evaluated against registration information. Bibliometric analysis, including keyword co-occurrence and country distribution, used VOSviewer and Tableau software. Results Initially, 501 studies were identified, but only 22 met the inclusion criteria, of which 19 had registration information. The methodological quality assessment revealed deficiencies in five main domains: randomization process (36%), deviations from intended interventions (9%), missing outcome data (4%), measurement of the outcome (18%), and selection of reported results (4%). An analysis of alignment between research protocols and registration data revealed common deviations in eight critical aspects. Bibliometric findings showcased global collaboration in COVID-19 treatment RCTs, with Iran and Brazil prominently contributing, while keyword co-occurrence analysis illuminated prominent research trends and terms in study titles and abstracts. Conclusion This study offers valuable insights into the evaluation of COVID-19 treatment RCTs. The scarcity of high-quality RCTs highlights the importance of enhancing trial rigor and transparency in global health emergencies.
Targeted therapies in children with renal cell carcinoma (RCC): An International Society of Pediatric Oncology—Renal Tumor Study Group (SIOP‐RTSG)‐related retrospective descriptive study

Abstract Introduction Introduction: Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is a very rare pediatric renal tumor. Robust evidence to guide treatment is lacking and knowledge on targeted therapies and immunotherapy is mainly based on adult studies. Currently, the International Society of Pediatric Oncology–Renal Tumor Study Group (SIOP‐RTSG) 2016 UMBRELLA protocol recommends sunitinib for metastatic or unresectable RCC. Methods This retrospective study describes the effects of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI), anti‐programmed cell death 1 (PD‐(L)1) monoclonal antibodies, and immunotherapeutic regimens in advanced‐stage and relapsed pediatric RCC. Results Of the 31 identified patients (0–18 years) with histologically proven RCC, 3/31 presented with TNM stage I/II, 8/31 with TNM stage III, and 20/31 with TNM stage IV at diagnosis. The majority were diagnosed with translocation type RCC (MiT‐RCC) (21/31) and the remaining patients mainly presented with papillary or clear‐cell RCC. Treatment in a neoadjuvant or adjuvant setting, or upon relapse or progression, included mono‐ or combination therapy with a large variety of drugs, illustrating center specific choices in most patients. Sunitinib was often administered as first choice and predominantly resulted in stable disease (53%). Other frequently used drugs included axitinib, cabozantinib, sorafenib, and nivolumab; however, no treatment seemed more promising than sunitinib. Overall, 15/31 patients died of disease, 12/31 are alive with active disease, and only four patients had a complete response. The sample size and heterogeneity of this cohort only allowed descriptive statistical analysis. Conclusion This study provides an overview of a unique series of clinical and treatment characteristics of pediatric patients with RCC treated with targeted therapies.
Born with a "Silver Spoon;;: The Origin of World Trade in 1571

p. 17) in the following terms: "Only after the Portuguese had worked their way down the West African coast, rounded the Cape of Good Hope, crossed the Indian Ocean and established themselves in the Spice Islands of Indonesia and on the shore of the South China Sea; only after the Spaniards had attained the same goal by way of Patagonia, the Pacific Ocean and the Philippines? then and only then was a regular and lasting maritime connection established between the four great continents. " Although Boxer does not pick a specific date for the birth of global trade, his logic leads us to choose 1571? the year the city of Manila was founded. Manila was the crucial entrep? t linking substantial, direct, and continuous trade between America and Asia for the first time in history. For our purposes, global trade emerged when all important popu lated continents began to exchange products continuously? both with each other directly and indirectly via other continents? and in values sufficient to generate crucial impacts on all the trading partners. It is true that there was an important intercontinental trade before 1571, but there was no direct trade link between America and Asia, so the world market was not yet fully coherent or complete. To understand the global significance of the direct Pacific trade between America and Asia? international trade history's "missing link"? it is useful first to discuss the underlying economic forces that motivated profitable world trade in the early modern period. The singular product most responsible for the birth of world trade was silver.
Abundance and composition of marine litter around Gökçeada Island (Northern Aegean Sea)

Marine debris are frequently studied on beaches and occasionally in coastal waters, but links between these two environments have rarely been studied. Litter items were collected by hand in the Gökçeada beaches supralittoral zone, consisting of sandy or rocky beaches, and collected from subtidal areas between 50–450 m depth range on the continental shelf with bottom trawling. Collected litter were sorted and categorized by type, usage and origin. On the beaches, litter density varied from 0.1 to 22.1 items per 100 m2. Plastic materials dominated the composition of waste materials (59%) followed by soft plastic, nylon (11.5%). Eight percent of litter was of foreign in origin coming from two countries (Greece and Bulgaria). Offshore, during 32 hauls only 12 items were collected, and the number of debris ranged from 0 to 1.6 items km−2. Gökçeada Island should be further monitored in order to develop regional marine litter management solutions.
EXPLORING THE IMPACT OF TRUST ON CUSTOMER LOYALTY IN THE TELECOMMUNICATION INDUSTRY

This study explores the impact of brand experience, service quality, customer satisfaction, and trust on customer loyalty within the mobile telecommunications sector in Batam City. The participants of this research were residents of Batam who utilized cellular telecommunications services. Data was collected through an online questionnaire via Google Forms, targeting 300 respondents who were customers of mobile telecommunications services. The data analysis revealed several key findings: 1. A significant positive relationship exists between brand experience and customer loyalty. 2. Service quality is strongly linked to customer satisfaction. 3. There is a notable connection between brand experience and customer trust. 4. Customer satisfaction significantly influences customer loyalty.5. Service quality indirectly affects customer loyalty through customer satisfaction. 6. Interestingly, the study found no direct significant relationship between trust and loyalty, nor between brand experience and loyalty when mediated by trust. These results suggest that while brand experience, trust, and customer satisfaction are important factors influencing loyalty, trust does not directly contribute to building customer loyalty, nor does brand experience impact loyalty through trust. Moreover, maintaining high service quality is emphasized as a fundamental requirement for telecommunications service providers. This research provides valuable insights into the dynamics of customer loyalty in the mobile telecommunications context, offering practical implications for businesses in this industry aiming to enhance their customer retention strategies.
Nickel–cobalt contents of olivine record origins of mantle peridotite and related rocks

Abstract Olivine is distinguished from all other minerals in providing a remarkable chemical narrative about magmatic processes that occurred in Earth’s crust, mantle, and core over the entire age of Earth history. Olivines in mantle peridotite have Ni contents and Mg numbers that were largely produced by equilibrium crystallization in an early turbulently convecting magma ocean; subsequent stages of partial melting operated to slightly elevate Ni and Mg number in residual olivines. Olivines from Archean komatiites from the Abitibi greenstone belt have Ni contents and Mg numbers that are consistent with an extensively melted peridotite source at great depths in the mantle. Olivines from basaltic oceanic crust, the Icelandic mantle plume and other Phanerozoic occurrences have compositions that record magma chamber crystallization, recharge, mixing, and partial melting. Olivines from the present-day Icelandic mantle plume have compositions that are consistent the melting of a peridotite source; unlike Hawaii, the melting of recycled crust as a distinct pyroxenite lithology is not evident in the olivine chemistry of Iceland. Paleocene picrites from Baffin Island and West Greenland from the ancient Icelandic plume have olivines with Ni contents that are consistent with either Ni-rich peridotite that formed by core-mantle interaction or by low-pressure crystallization of hot and deep magmas. In general, hot magma oceans, mantle plumes, and ambient mantle magmatism form in ways that are captured by the compositions of the olivine crystals that they contain.
Risk, Outcomes, and Trends of Clostridium Difficile Infection in Multiple Myeloma Patients from a Nationwide Analysis

Background: Patients hospitalized with hematologic malignancy are particularly vulnerable to infection. We sought to determine the risk of Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) in hospitalization with multiple myeloma (MM), as well as its outcomes and trends, using a nationally representative database. Methods: The Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS) from January 2010 to September 2015 was used for this study. We identified all patients aged 18 years or older with a diagnosis of MM using the International Classification of Disease, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-9-CM) codes. We identified trends in the annual rates of CDI in MM using negative binomial regressions with robust error variance. We conducted multivariate logistic regression to determine the incidence and the associated risk factors of CDI in MM and compared the outcomes between those with and without CDI using the propensity score method inverse probability weighting to adjust for baseline covariates. Results: In our cohort study of 114,249 MM patients, 45.96% were females and 54.04% were males. CDI was present in 3.1% of the MM patients. The number of CDI cases increased over the study period with an average rate of 3.27% per year. The mortality rate decreased over the same period with an average rate of 10% decrease per year. Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), neutropenia, inflammatory disease, atrial fibrillation (AF), and chronic kidney disease (CKD) were significant associated risk factors of CDI in MM patients. After adjusting for covariates, patients with CDI had a prolonged hospital stay, inpatient mortality, and significantly increased odds of acute kidney injury (AKI) and AKI requiring hemodialysis, along with higher healthcare resources utilization with significantly higher hospital costs. Conclusion: MM patients with CDI have significantly increased odds of inpatient mortality, AKI, and AKI requiring hemodialysis. They also have increased healthcare resource utilization compared with those without CDI. Despite the increased rate of the CDI over the years, the mortality rate is going down.
Long- and short-term changes in nutrient availability following commercial sawlog harvest via cable logging

Soil nutrient availability often limits forest productivity, and soils vary considerably in their ability to supply nutrients (Cole 1995). Most southern Appalachian forests are minimally managed, with no fertilizer inputs or routine thinning regime. Nutrient availability is regulated by atmospheric inputs and the internal cycling of nutrients through such processes as forest floor decomposition (Hursh 1928; Alba.n 1982), soil organic matter mineralization, and the weathering of parent material or primary minerals. Long-term studies in undisturbed forests have shown that soil cation concentrations often decline over time (Binkley et al. 1989; Billett et al. 1990; Knoepp and Swank 1994; Richter et al. 1994). These decreases result from the sequestration of nutrients in aboveground biomass and/or leaching to streams (Johnson et al. 1988; Knoepp and Swank 1994). The sequestration of nutrients has raised questions about the long-term effects of harvesting vegetation and its associated nutrient removal on long-term soil nutrient availability and site productivity. The responses of soil nutrient pools to forest harvesting vary according to harvest method and forest type. Research has shown that a whole-tree harvest can decrease both total N and exchangeable base cations (Mroz et al. 1985; Waide et al. 1988; Knoepp and Swank 1997). While nutrient declines do not always occur (Hendrickson et al. 1989), the potential for such losses has raised concerns about long-term forest productivity when whole-tree harvesting methods are
Psychotherapy for Irritable Bowel Syndrome: A Systematic Review

Psychotherapy has many forms, such as cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), mindfulness therapy (MFT), and hypnotherapy, to name a few. Cognitive behavioral therapy is the gold standard in therapy-based treatment and is used for cognitive restructuring to reduce safety-seeking and avoidant behaviors. While the main application of psychotherapy is psychological disorders, recent studies have found that it is beneficial for somatic and physiological symptoms such as chronic pain or even irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Irritable bowel syndrome is a common but debilitating gastrointestinal condition that has a prevalence of 12% in the United States and costs the average patient $9,776 annually in 2023. Irritatable bowel syndrome is a condition of exclusion but consists of abdominal discomfort or pain and must be associated with altered bowel habits as stated in the Rome IV criteria. At least half of these patients also exhibit extracolonic symptoms, most commonly psychological disorders like anxiety and stress. The true etiology of IBS is not understood, but ideas such as the brain-gut axis, stress response system, and gut microbiota have been evaluated. Treatment of IBS is extensive and heavily relies on the patient-physician interaction, but pharmacologic therapies have been employed and are sometimes unsuccessful. Irritable bowel syndrome impacts an individual as a whole, making them hesitate whether or not they eat a particular food or even go out to do an activity because of the unpredictable bowel pattern. Finding a better solution is essential to improving the patient's quality of life (QoL), especially by addressing how they perceive the illness, how they adjust to it, and even how they determine what foods to consume. This paper aims to evaluate whether or not psychotherapy can be employed to improve all aspects of IBS, as well as if it can reduce the cost of IBS treatment.