Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Listvenite Formation During Mass Transfer into the Leading Edge of the Mantle Wedge: Initial Results from Oman Drilling Project Hole BT1B

This paper provides an overview of research on core from Oman Drilling Project Hole BT1B and the surrounding area, plus new data and calculations, constraining processes in the Tethyan subduction zone beneath the Samail ophiolite. The area is underlain by gently dipping, broadly folded layers of allochthonous Hawasina pelagic sediments, the metamorphic sole of the Samail ophiolite, and Banded Unit peridotites at the base of the Samail mantle section. Despite reactivation of some faults during uplift of the Jebel Akdar and Saih Hatat domes, the area preserves the tectonic “stratigraphy” of the Cretaceous subduction zone. Gently dipping listvenite bands, parallel to peridotite banding and to contacts between the peridotite and the metamorphic sole, replace peridotite at and near the basal thrust. Listvenites formed at less than 200°C and (poorly constrained) depths of 25–40 km by reaction with CO2‐rich, aqueous fluids migrating from greater depths, derived from devolatilization of subducting sediments analogous to clastic sediments in the Hawasina Formation, at 400°–500°. Such processes could form important reservoirs for subducted CO2. Listvenite formation was accompanied by ductile deformation of serpentinites and listvenites—perhaps facilitated by fluid‐rock reaction—in a process that could lead to aseismic subduction in some regions. Addition of H2O and CO2 to the mantle wedge, forming serpentinites and listvenites, caused large increases in the solid mass and volume of the rocks. This may have been accommodated by fractures formed as a result of volume changes, mainly at a serpentinization front.
Beam shaping and fiber coupling of high-power diode laser arrays

A technique for coupling the radiation of a high-power diode laser bar into one multimode fiber with high efficiency, easy alignment requirements and low manufacturing costs is demonstrated using a single fiber with 400 micrometers core diameter. The principal item of the fiber-coupling system is a pair of micro step-mirrors--a novel design for beam shaping. The overall efficiency from diode-laser to fiber is 71% with 20 W cw laser power through the fiber. Polarization and wavelength multiplexing renders the system scaleable to higher output power which makes it highly suitable for material processing and pumping of lasers.
Generalized dynamic Winkler model for nonlinear soil–structure interaction analysis

The beam on nonlinear Winkler foundation (BNWF) model is widely used in soil–structure interaction (SSI) analysis owing to its relative simplicity. This paper focuses on the development of a versatile dynamic BNWF model for the analysis of shallow and deep foundations. The model is developed as a stand-alone module to be incorporated in commercial nonlinear structural analysis software. The features of the model discussed are the loading and unloading rules, slack zone development, the modeling of cyclic degradation and radiation damping. The model is shown to be capable of representing various response features observed in SSI experiments. In addition, the predictions of the model for centrifuge tests of piles in weakening and partially weakening soil are shown to be in good agreement with the experimental results. This agreement demonstrates the potential of the model as a useful tool for design engineers involved in seismic design, especially performance-based design.
Evaluation of the influence of interface elements for structure – isolated footing – soil interaction analysis

In this study, two extreme cases of compatibility of the horizontal displacements between the foundation and soil are considered, for which the pressure and settlements of the isolated footings and member end actions in structural elements are obtained using the three dimensional models and numerical experiments. The first case considered is complete slip between foundation and soil, termed as the un-coupled analysis. In the second case of analysis, termed as the coupled analysis, complete welding is assumed of joints between the foundation and soil elements. The model and the corresponding computer program developed simulate these two extreme states of compatibility giving insight into the variation of horizontal displacements and horizontal stresses and their intricacies, for evaluation of the influence of using the interface elements in soil-structure interaction analysis of three dimensional multiscale structures supported by isolated footings.
Effects of Dam Construction on Temperatures of Columbia River

S 1958, the Richland Operations Office of the USAEC, with the cooperation of other federal agencies, has sponsored an annual program to reduce the temperature of the Columbia River during late summer in order to minimize the impact of plant operations. To evaluate the results of this program, a system of data coIlection points was installed, with particular emphasis on measurement accuracy. The resulting temperature data have been used to develop an environmental model capable of predicting temperature and associated water quality variables to a high degree of accuracy. ' While developing the model it beValidity of Data came apparent that some conclusions As the public record prior to 1963 regarding the effects of dams or imwas the only available source of inforpoundments on the Columbia River rnation, efforts were made to determine had to be reviewed.v" to what extent these data could be reAlthough a flow-through model of lied upon. Starting in 1933, records this type is capable of a high degree of of river temperature had been taken accuracy either in the prediction of at Rock Island Dam until the project future conditions or the creation of inwas sold to the Chelan County Public termediate data from old records, it Utility District. The measurements was thought advisable to conduct stanwere initiaIly taken in the cooling wadard statistical analyses to present the ter intake of the original hydraulic information in a standard 4 manner. turbine generator and later at the coolThe availability of sophisticated anaing water intake to the station service lytic techniques at the Pacific Northgenerator. Stream traverses were west Laboratory (Battelle-Northwest) made by H. A. Kramer, General Elec-
Building Bridges Across the Disciplines: Learning Science Through Technology

Th e purpo se of this stud y was to in v e s ti g ate s tudent s' learnin g and under s t a nding of the c oncept of forces in the context of a Year 9 c l ass st u d y ing an integr a ted technology unit called th e Bridge Project . D a t a con s i sted of ca ses prepared from observational fie l d notes and formal interviews with the teachers and five of the st u dent s in the c l ass. The res u lts of the ca s e study ind i cated that a ll five interv i ewed st u dents recognised pa s sive forces invo l ved in the equi li br iu m sit u ation of t h e bridge and fo ur of the five s tud ents ap p eare d to accept a force as a fea tur e of i nteract i o n between two objects . T h e resu l ts were surprising when com p ared w it h a vast body of literature that suggests that the major i ty of st u dents of this age associate forces on l y wit h movement and as a p r operty of a sing l e object . S ev era l asp e cts of the cour se that ma y ha v e contribut e d to the s tudent s' under s tanding of f o r c e s a re discussed. R ece n tl y in W ester n Austra l ia, subjec t s s u c h a s man u al a r ts , h ome econom i c s and com p ut in g have b e en s uper s eded b y t h e new l ear n ing area of Tec h nology and Enterpri s e. Th i s new l earning area , t o be i mp l emen t ed in schoo l s ove r th e next fo ur yea r s , i s d escr i be d i n th e recent l y pu bli she d Curri c ulum Fram e work (C u rric ul um Cou n c il , 1 998) a nd h as a s t a tu s eq ui va l e n t w i t h m o r e tra diti ona l l ear n i n g areas s u c h as scie n ce , m a th e m a ti cs a n d E n g li s h . T h e T ec hn o l ogy a nd E nterp r i se l ear n i n g a r ea is d ir ect l y link e d w i th th e Sc i e n ce l ear nin g a r ea i n t
E-field Sensors and Sensor-based Control Strategies for M/M Safe Cooperation

Abstract In this paper we describe the use of an artificial sensitive skin, realized by means of E-field sensors, for enhancing safety and man machine cooperation in robotic work-cells. Sensory signal from the sensitive skin are interpreted with the aid of additional information about the robot's motion, so to provide emergency stop signal in case of unintentional proximity or contact between man and robot or, alternatively, in case of intentional contact by the man, to transmit suitable commands. An experimental prototypal installation on an industrial manipulator is described and results of various tests are illustrated.
New iron-based SiC spherical composite magnetic abrasive for magnetic abrasive finishing

SiC magnetic abrasive is used to polish surfaces of precise, complex parts which are hard, brittle and highly corrosion-resistant in magnetic abrasive finishing(MAF). Various techniques are employed to produce this magnetic abrasive, but few can meet production demands because they are usually time-consuming, complex with high cost, and the magnetic abrasives made by these techniques have irregular shape and low bonding strength that result in low processing efficiency and shorter service life. Therefore, an attempt is made by combining gas atomization and rapid solidification to fabricate a new iron-based SiC spherical composite magnetic abrasive. The experimental system to prepare this new magnetic abrasive is constructed according to the characteristics of gas atomization and rapid solidification process and the performance requirements of magnetic abrasive. The new iron-based SiC spherical composite magnetic abrasive is prepared successfully when the machining parameters and the composition proportion of the raw materials are controlled properly. Its morphology, microstructure, phase composition are characterized by scanning electron microscope(SEM) and X-ray diffraction(XRD) analysis. The MAF tests on plate of mold steel S136 are carried out without grinding lubricant to assess the finishing performance and service life of this new SiC magnetic abrasive. The surface roughness(Ra) of the plate worked is rapidly reduced to 0.051 μm from an initial value of 0.372 μm within 5 min. The MAF test is carried on to find that the service life of this new SiC magnetic abrasive reaches to 155 min. The results indicate that this process presented is feasible to prepare the new SiC magnetic abrasive; and compared with previous magnetic abrasives, the new SiC spherical composite magnetic abrasive has excellent finishing performance, high processing efficiency and longer service life. The presented method to fabricate magnetic abrasive through gas atomization and rapid solidification presented can significantly improve the finishing performance and service life of magnetic abrasive, and provide a more practical approach for large-scale industrial production of magnetic abrasive.
Study of Geothermal Energy Resources of Pakistan for Electric Power Generation

Abstract Pakistan is an energy deficient society and is facing a severe shortage of electric power. The country's electricity demand is rising 11% annually, while production is far less than the demand. The energy sector relies heavily on the imports of fossil fuels to satisfy their energy needs, while development of hydropower is very slow. Renewable energy development in the country is almost negligible and no major policy exists to exploit the renewable resources. This study discusses the scope of power production from geothermal energy. Geothermal energy is now considered one of the promising alternate energy resources. It is renewable, reliable, clean, and safe for the environment. Pakistan has enough economically and technically exploitable geothermal potential that can be harnessed and utilized. Geothermal reservoirs in the northern areas of Pakistan have been identified long ago, however, no serious effort has been made to use this potential for electric power production. This study not only encompasses the availability of such resources but also suggests the means to convert this energy into a useful form. In the end, the social, economical, and environmental impacts of this form of energy have also been discussed.
Low-Temperature Rheology and Thermoanalytical Investigation of Lubricating Oils: Comparison of Phase Transition, Viscosity, and Pour Point

According to the ASTM D97, the pour point is the temperature below which petroleum products cease to flow. To evaluate the relevance of pour point measurements for synthetic lubricating oils, we investigated the crystallization, melting temperature and low-temperature flow behavior of one mineral and five synthetic lubricating oils. The classification of three groups emerged from this process. The formation of paraffin crystals in mineral oils (I) below the crystallization temperature causes shear-thinning behavior and a yield point. The crystallization temperature determined in the thermal analysis and rheology correlates well with the pour point. Synthetic lubricating oils, which solidify glass-like (II), exhibit a steady viscosity increase with falling temperature. The temperature at which viscosity reaches 1000 Pas corresponds well to the pour point. Synthetic oils, especially esters, with complex crystallization behavior (III), exhibit supercooling depending on the shear rate and cooling conditions. For these lubricating oils, the pour point provides no information for low-temperature applicability.
Single-phase power active filter and compensator using instantaneous reactive power method

The paper deals with the new method of analysis, synthesis and experimentation of single-phase power active filters. Using a new particular transformation theory the ordinary single-phase system can be transformed into equivalent two-axes orthogonal one. The new original thought is based on the idea that ordinary single-phase quantity can be complemented by fictitious second phase, so that both of them will create orthogonal system, as is usual in three-phase systems. Application of above theory makes possible to use complex methods of analysis as instantaneous reactive power method, which have not been usable for single-phase systems so far. Both, the active and reactive powers can be determined by this way. Practical application of the method is outlined for the case of reference current determination for single-phase power active filter. The paper shows some examples of the simulation verification results, which proved a high accuracy and extremely fast response of the single-phase active filter with control, based on the introduced method. The effectiveness of proposed control algorithm is also demonstrated by experimental results, which were carried out on the single-phase active parallel filter.
Finite Element Formulations for Lateral Torsional Buckling of Shear Deformable Planar Frames

Laterally unsupported steel frames commonly occur in industrial structures and pipe racks. In these applications, frames are typically unsupported in the lateral direction at the beam to column junctions, a key difference from typical details in commercial applications. Present design procedures in structural steel standards are not intended for the design of these types of structures. It is thus of interest to develop analysis and design tools for such structures that are reliable, systematic, and simple enough to be implemented in structural analysis software and used in design offices. Towards this goal, this doctoral thesis contributes to two aspects of importance to the lateral torsional buckling analysis of laterally unsupported plane frames: (a) the incorporation of shear deformation effects in the buckling analysis of thin walled members, and (b) the quantification and modelling of partial warping restraints provided by moment connections in typical moment resisting plane frames to adjoining beams and columns. The theory and finite element developed under item (a) deviate from conventional theories in three respects: 1) It is based on general non-orthogonal coordinates, which makes it particularly suited for the effective modeling of members with eccentric supports (i.e., supports that do not coincide with the location of the shear centre; 2) It captures shear deformation effects due to bending and warping; 3) It incorporates the effect of load position relative to the shear centre. A new variational principle for the problem is developed from first principle. The variational principle is used to formulate the governing differential equations for thin-walled members based on the principle of stationary total potential energy. The closed form solutions of the resulting field equations and boundary conditions are developed for the cases of column flexural buckling, column torsional buckling, and lateral torsional buckling of beams under uniform moments, and comparisons to classical solutions were conducted. A finite element is then developed for more general cases of loading schemes and boundary conditions and compared to predictions based on classical solutions and general finite element analysis results undertaken. In all cases examined, the present solution provides buckling resistance predictions lower than those based on the classical solution that do not include the effect of shear deformation. Shear deformation effects are found negligible when predicting buckling resistances for columns of typical geometries, but it can be significant when predicting the buckling resistance of beams under high moment gradients. Towards item (b), a formulation of the partial warping restraint provided by common moment connections to adjoining members is developed based on a shell formulation. The finite element developed is designed to interface with other collinear elements such as that developed under task (a), to accurately and efficiently predict the lateral buckling resistance of moment resisting plane frames. …
Sustainable human behaviours for combating sixth mass extinction

Background extinction is a natural phenomenon. Anthropogenic biodiversity loss has been addressed from the various view points. The debate is continuing to identify the root cause of the anthropogenic mass extinction, also called the sixth extinction. The present communication discusses various anthropogenic drivers of the biodiversity loss and explains the ongoing sixth mass extinction using Garrett Hardin's “the tragedy of the commons”. Such explanations provide options for policy makers and for us to save the precious biodiversity of our planet. It has been demonstrated that presently we share about one third of the Net Primary Productivity which must be reduced through reducing our food consumption and by reducing our utilization of energy. Promotion of sustainable human behaviours to ameliorate the problem of anthropogenic extinction or the sixth extinction has been discussed in the light of recent findings from neurobiology and molecular biology. Biodiversity conservation through providing benefit to the people may be effective conservation strategies which would save the interest of human civilizations as well as other life forms on the earth.
Effects of Location Elements on Home Purchase Prices and Rents in San Francisco Bay Area

Land-market theory emphasizes travel savings as well as access to amenities as the underlying determinants of land prices. A series of hedonic models for implicit estimation of land values, along with explicit estimation of median housing price and monthly contract rent across the San Francisco Bay Area's census tracts, is investigated. The benefits and valuation of location are assessed by including a variety of travel-based explanatory variables (including average trip characteristics and automobile ownership) as well as measures of local land use patterns—after controlling for various structural characteristics of the dwelling units. In many of the models, lot size is interacted with location attributes to elucidate the direct dependence, if any, of land values on location. The results indicate that changes in accessibility and travel costs affect land and dwelling-unit values in highly statistically and economically significant ways. For example, the coefficient estimates associated with travel-time r.
Customer Adoption of Mobile Banking: An Integration of TAM with Trust and Social Influnce

The customers of mobile banking have increased rapidly with the development of mobile internet. So there is a need to identify the factors that influence customer acceptance of mobile banking service, and need to research how the factors influence. This research proposed a mobile banking user adoption model based on the TAM, integrating social influence, and trust perception to predict the user intention. The comprehensive research model was empirically examined. We found that perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, social influence, and trust perception have significantly effects on user adoption. In addition, we also tested that perceived ease of use has significant effects on perceived usefulness. All hypotheses were supported in this research.
IP routing by an optical spectral-amplitude-coding CDMA network

An optical spectral-amplitude-coding CDMA network is proposed as a solution to the IP routing bottleneck in the global Internet. Its performance has been analysed for two different cases. For a given peak bit rate the network performance can be improved by reducing channel utilisation. However, when each user in the network has a fixed average bit rate, an optimal utilisation exists for the overall network performance. Analytical results clearly indicate that optical spectral-amplitude-coding CDMA technology may be a good candidate for the future IP backbone.
Dynamic Response of Stiffened Plates under Air Blast

A numerical investigation is presented to examine the effect of stiffener configuration on the response of rectangular plate subjected to air blast loading. Dynamic response of the plate, with various stiffener layouts under air blast is analysed. The plate is modelled using shell elements and the effect of strain rates are considered using Johnson-Cook (J-C) model, under air blast load applied in the form of an equivalent rectangular uniform pulse. A modal analysis is carried out to obtain the natural frequencies of the plates that help in assessment and influence on their dynamic response. Analysis is carried out from the perspective of understanding the dynamic response of the plate, with stiffener, in comparison with equivalently thickened unstiffened plate. The results indicate that the equivalently thickened unstiffened plates exhibit higher peak displacement as compared to the stiffened plate, signifying the importance of the stiffeners placed strategically. It is concluded that the stiffener layout and strain rate consideration governs the dynamic response of the plates subjected to small duration blast loading.
Electro-mechanical analysis of a dielectric EAP actuator

Dielectric Electro-Active Polymers (EAP's) can achieve substantial deformation (>300% strain) while, compared to their ionic counterparts, sustaining large forces. This makes them attractive for various actuation and sensing applications such as light weight and energy efficient valve and pumping systems. This paper provides a systematic experimental investigation of the quasi-static and dynamic electro-mechanical properties of a commercially available dielectric EAP actuator in the frequency range up to 20Hz. In order to completely characterize the fully coupled behavior force vs. displacement measurements at various constant voltages and force vs. voltage measurements at various fixed displacements are conducted. The experiments are conducted with a particular focus on the hysteretic and ratedependent material behavior.