Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
GenX: an extensible X-ray reflectivity refinement program utilizing differential evolution

GenX is a versatile program using the differential evolution algorithm for fitting X-ray and neutron reflectivity data. It utilizes the Parratt recursion formula for simulating specular reflectivity. The program is easily extensible, allowing users to incorporate their own models into the program. This can be useful for fitting data from other scattering experiments, or for any other minimization problem which has a large number of input parameters and/or contains many local minima, where the differential evolution algorithm is suitable. In addition, GenX manages to fit an arbitrary number of data sets simultaneously. The program is released under the GNU General Public License.
A new shell formulation using complete 3D constitutive laws

This paper should not be only regarded as a presentation of new shell elements but rather as a methodology which can be applied to most classical shell elements and has two aims: Achieving the same results in bending cases while breaking from plane stress state hypothesis and adding a normal stress component for process simulations such as hydro‐forming, hemming, sheet metal forming with bottoming, flanging, incremental forming and so on. Owing to the non‐linear applications quoted before, only shell elements with one integration point on the mid‐plane are selected: Triangles that are naturally constant strain elements and reduced integration quadrilaterals. The method mainly consists of adding a central node at the center (of gravity for a triangle) with two degrees of freedom: Two translations normal to the mid‐surface for which one corresponds to the bottom surface (‘lower skin’ of the shell) and the other to the top surface (‘upper skin’ of the shell). Then a full 3D constitutive strain–stress behavior can be used. For triangles in bending state—either based on Kirchhoff's or on Mindlin's assumptions—, it is shown that the results are exactly the same as those given by the initial formulation of these elements using a plane stress hypothesis. For quadrilaterals, the results are slightly different but many numerical examples—including non‐linear computations—prove that those differences are not significant. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Development of an Ecological Momentary Assessment-Triggered Text Message Library for Peripheral Artery Disease

This study developed an ecological momentary assessment (EMA)-triggered text message library based on the behavior change wheel framework to encourage exercise engagement in patients with peripheral artery disease (PAD). This study was conducted in three steps. In Step 1, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 15 patients with PAD. Their accounts of their exercise experiences revealed six barriers and three facilitators through thematic analysis. In Step 2, based on the findings from the prior step, the EMA survey was developed; its items included barriers to exercise, PAD-related leg symptoms, and general conditions. In Step 3, intervention functions to overcome exercise barriers were mapped, and 120 text messages were generated. Responses to the exercise barriers in the EMA survey triggered the automatic text messages. Additional studies are needed to examine the end-user acceptability of the text message library and the effectiveness of EMA-triggered text message interventions.
Precise Discrimination for Multiple Etiologies of Dementia Cases Based on Deep Learning with Electroencephalography

Introduction: It is critical to develop accurate and universally available biomarkers for dementia diseases to appropriately deal with the dementia problems under world-wide rapid increasing of patients with dementia. In this sense, electroencephalography (EEG) has been utilized as a promising examination to screen and assist in diagnosing dementia, with advantages of sensitiveness to neural functions, inexpensiveness, and high availability. Moreover, the algorithm-based deep learning can expand EEG applicability, yielding accurate and automatic classification easily applied even in general hospitals without any research specialist. Methods: We utilized a novel deep neural network, with which high accuracy of discrimination was archived in neurological disorders in the previous study. Based on this network, we analyzed EEG data of healthy volunteers (HVs, N = 55), patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD, N = 101), dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB, N = 75), and idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH, N = 60) to evaluate the discriminative accuracy of these diseases. Results: High discriminative accuracies were archived between HV and patients with dementia, yielding 81.7% (vs. AD), 93.9% (vs. DLB), 93.1% (vs. iNPH), and 87.7% (vs. AD, DLB, and iNPH). Conclusion: This study revealed that the EEG data of patients with dementia were successfully discriminated from HVs based on a novel deep learning algorithm, which could be useful for automatic screening and assisting diagnosis of dementia diseases.
A bridge to recovery: an interpretative phenomenological analysis with peer support specialists in Singapore

ABSTRACT Recovery-oriented mental health care approach is gaining acceptance in Asian countries, including Singapore. Following Western countries, Singapore started hiring peer support specialists (PSS) as part of mental healthcare services. The aim of this paper was to explore and understand how individual peer support specialists in Singapore perceive and make sense of their role given their unique perspective as both recipients and providers of mental healthcare treatment. Six PSS in Singapore were interviewed utilizing a semi-structured interview schedule. Interviews were transcribed verbatim and analysed using interpretative phenomenological analysis. Four superordinate themes were generated illustrating how PSS viewed their role: embracing and embodying recovery, balancing on a bridge, impossible without support, and helping to end stigma. Findings also illustrated participants’ awareness of the nature of the job and the role of PSS as still in the infancy stage. They embraced a recovery-oriented mindset despite experiencing stigma from professionals and/or their social support. The need to understand familial attitudes towards the PSS role is discussed. The limitations, contributions to the research, and several areas for future research are also outlined.
Factors Associated with Leg Ulcers in Adults with Sickle Cell Disease in Brazil

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To define the prevalence of leg ulcers and identify the clinical and laboratory factors associated with leg ulcers in adult participants. METHODS The authors conducted a cross-sectional study of 1,109 patients who were 18 years or older with SS or Sβ0-thalassemia genotypes from a Brazilian cohort. Investigators assessed the prevalence of factors associated with leg ulcers from 2013 to 2017. RESULTS The prevalence of leg ulcers was 21%. Increasing age (odds ratio [OR], 1.07; range, 1.06–1.09), male sex (OR, 2.03; range, 1.44–2.87), treatment with chronic transfusion therapy (OR, 1.88; range, 1.15–3.03), higher indirect bilirubin levels (OR, 1.48; range, 1.02–2.16), and low hemoglobin levels (OR, 2.17; range, 1.52–3.11) were associated with leg ulcers. Participants who self-reported as Black (OR, 6.75; range, 2.63–21.32), mixed (OR, 3.91; range, 1.55–12.20), and other/unknown (OR, 3.84; range, 1.04–15.24) were more likely to have leg ulcers compared with those who self-reported as White. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of leg ulcers in this Brazilian cohort was higher than the prevalence reported in developed countries. Known factors such as age and male sex were corroborated. The increased bilirubin level and decreased hemoglobin levels among participants with leg ulcers support the hypothesis that hemolysis is correlated with leg ulcer pathogenesis. Self-reported black skin color was an independent predictor of leg ulcers and warrants further study to understand the etiology and implications of this finding.
COVID-19, jobs and skills—Exploratory analysis of the job postings in the US and UK healthcare job market

The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly affected all spheres of life, including the healthcare workforce. While the COVID-19 pandemic has started driving organizational and societal shifts, it is vital for healthcare organizations and decision-makers to analyze patterns in the changing workforce. In this study, we aim to identify patterns in healthcare job postings during the pandemic to understand which jobs and associated skills are trending after the advent of COVID-19. Content analysis of job postings was conducted using data-driven approaches over two-time intervals in the pandemic. The proposed framework utilizes Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) for topic modeling to evaluate the patterns in job postings in the US and the UK. The most demanded jobs, skills and tasks for the US job postings are presented based on job posting data from popular job posting websites. This is obtained by mapping the job postings to the jobs, skills and tasks defined in the O*NET database for the healthcare occupations in the US. The topic modeling results clearly show increased hiring for telehealth services in both the US and UK. This study also presents an increase in demand for specific occupations and skills in the USA healthcare industry. The results and methods used in the study can help monitor rapid changes in the job market due to pandemics and guide decision-makers to make organizational shifts in a timely manner.
The tumor microenvironment and triple-negative breast cancer aggressiveness: shedding light on mechanisms and targeting

ABSTRACT Introduction In contrast to other breast cancer subtypes, there are currently limited options of targeted therapies for triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Immense research has demonstrated that not only cancer cells but also stromal cells and immune cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME) play significant roles in the progression of TNBC. It is thus critical to understand the components of the TME of TNBC and the interactions between the various cell populations. Areas covered The components of the TME of TNBC identified by single-cell technologies are reviewed. Furthermore, the molecular interactions between the cells and the potential therapeutic targets contributing to the progression of TNBC are discussed. Expert opinion Single-cell omics studies have contributed to the classification of cells in the TME and the identification of important cell types involved in the progression and the treatment of the tumor. The interactions between cancer cells and stromal cells/immune cells in the TME have led to the discovery of potential therapeutic targets. Experimental data with spatial and temporal resolution will further boost the understanding of the TME of TNBC.
On new geometric conditions for some weakly lower semicontinuous functionals with applications to the rank-one conjecture of Morrey

We obtain new geometric necessary conditions for a function f to define a lower semicontinuous functional of the form If(u) = ∫Ωf(u)dx, where u satisfies a given conservation law, Pu = 0, defined by a differential operator P of degree one with constant coefficients. Those conditions imply the so-called Λ-convexity condition known as the rank-one condition when we deal with a functional of the calculus of variations. In particular, we derive some new geometric properties of quasi-convex functions and state some new questions related to the rank-one conjecture of Morrey.
Snapshots of the first-step self-splicing of Tetrahymena ribozyme revealed by cryo-EM

Abstract Tetrahymena ribozyme is a group I intron, whose self-splicing is the result of two sequential ester-transfer reactions. To understand how it facilitates catalysis in the first self-splicing reaction, we used cryogenic electron microscopy (cryo-EM) to resolve the structures of L-16 Tetrahymena ribozyme complexed with a 11-nucleotide 5′-splice site analog substrate. Four conformations were achieved to 4.14, 3.18, 3.09 and 2.98 Å resolutions, respectively, corresponding to different splicing intermediates during the first enzymatic reaction. Comparison of these structures reveals structural alterations, including large conformational changes in IGS/IGSext (P1-P1ext duplex) and J5/4, as well as subtle local rearrangements in the G-binding site. These structural changes are required for the enzymatic activity of the Tetrahymena ribozyme. Our study demonstrates the ability of cryo-EM to capture dynamic RNA structural changes, ushering in a new era in the analysis of RNA structure-function by cryo-EM.
Electrically conducting mixtures

Mixtures consisting of conducting particles dispersed in an insulating medium are considered, and the electrical conduction which can occur by particles touching is related to the proportion of conducting material present in the mix, and its conductivity. It is found that limiting values of conduction can be obtained for a random dispersion and also for the situation where the conducting material lies in interconnecting channels, both systems being observed in practical mixtures. The way in which the basic relationship can be modified by particle size, shape and orientation, contact resistance and particle packing is also considered.
120 MeV swift Au9+ ion induced phase transition in ZrO2: monoclinic to tetragonal and cubic to tetragonal structure

This study reports the effect of 120 MeV swift Au9+ ion irradiation on the structures of monoclinic, tetragonal and cubic ZrO2, probed through x-ray diffraction (XRD) and Raman spectroscopy. Three phases of ZrO2 were prepared using the solution combustion method. The tetragonal and cubic phases of ZrO2 were stabilized at room temperature by adding 6% and 10% of yttrium ions, respectively. Both the XRD and Raman results confirm the partial phase transition from monoclinic to tetragonal, which was approximately 74%. Tetragonal ZrO2 is stable under 120 MeV Au9+ ion irradiation. Interestingly, a phase transition from cubic to tetragonal ZrO2 was observed under 120 MeV Au9+ ion irradiation. The roles of transient temperature, defects and strain in the lattice induced by swift heavy ions are discussed. This study reveals the structural stability of different phases of ZrO2 under swift heavy ion irradiation and should be helpful in choosing potential hosts for various applications such as inert fuel matrix inside the core of nuclear reactors, oxygen sensors and accelerators, and radiation shielding.
Holmium laser enucleation of the prostate in men on active surveillance for prostate cancer with refractory lower urinary tract symptoms secondary to enlarged prostates

To the Editor, We read the recent article by Schober et al. published in The Prostate with great interest. In their single institution 6‐year retrospective review of patients who underwent holmium laser enucleation of the prostate (HoLEP) while on active surveillance (AS) for low‐risk prostate cancer (PCa), they concluded that HoLEP is a safe and efficacious procedure giving patients a significant improvement in voiding parameters. They suggested that HoLEP should be considered as an option for men seeking surgical treatment for refractory lower urinary tract symptoms secondary to a significantly enlarged prostate who are on AS for low‐risk PCa. They also demonstrated that nearly half of the men (8/20) presented for surgery with urinary retention and showed a postoperative improvement in the mean maximum flow rate and the median post‐void residual volume. They noted a drastic change in postoperative prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) values suggesting a postoperative decrease of up to 86%. It is to be noted here that the presence of urinary retention can alter PSA values. The authors provide some explanation for these results in their discussion including the retrospective nature of the study, small sample size, and the follow‐up being short‐term. This raises the question of the calculation of PSA in those on 5à‐reductase inhibitor therapy, as the duration of therapy before calculation seems to have been overlooked by the patients. Another factor that would add strength to these findings is to standardize the timing of HoLEP after the initiation of AS. We would like to ask if the authors would like to comment on the two patients who needed to undergo a radical prostatectomy post‐ HoLEP as these patients represent a group that would require two procedures for the same disease. Could a longer follow‐up or a longer monitoring period between the initiation of AS and the timing of HOLEP prevent this? Also, the reporting on the possible impact of prior HoLEP on transrectal or transperitoneal biopsies could help in further providing support to this study. In a recent retrospective review of men on AS, it was noted that 69% of the metastasis was to the lymph nodes. In a recent, observational study with over 8000 patients, it was noted that just under half of those on AS needed definitive treatment within 5 years. Lastly, we would also like to congratulate the authors for their endeavors. This study could provide a pathway for future research. CONFLICT OF INTEREST The authors declare no conflict of interest.
Ribosomal DNA gene copies are increased in blood and brain of Japanese schizophrenia patients

Past evidence has indicated increased ribosomal DNA (rDNA) content in the blood of patients with schizophrenia (SCZ) among European populations. Here, for the first time, we investigated the rDNA copy number (rDNAcn) of SCZ in East Asian populations as well as in blood and brain tissues. In this study, we measured 18S/28S rDNAcn in the peripheral blood of live participants (81 patients with SCZ and 98 healthy controls) and the dorsolateral prefrontal cortices (DLPFCs) of postmortem individuals (10 patients with SCZ and 23 non-psychiatric controls) in the Japanese population. Patients with SCZ had significantly increased 18S/28S rDNAcn in the blood compared to controls (p < 0.05). 18S rDNAcn was significantly increased in the brain of patients with SCZ compared to controls (p < 0.05). In conclusion, regarding the increased rDNAcn in the blood of patients with SCZ that was previously reported in Europeans, we successfully replicated this by using a different, ethnically East Asian, cohort. Additionally, we provide the first evidence of increased rDNAcn in the brain of patients with SCZ. These findings may help to elucidate the molecular underpinnings of SCZ pathophysiology related to ribosomal DNA abnormalities.
On the gravity-driven draining of a rivulet of viscous fluid down a slowly varying substrate with variation transverse to the direction of flow

In this paper we use a lubrication approximation to investigate the locally unidirectional gravity-driven draining of a thin rivulet of Newtonian fluid down a slowly varying substrate. The work generalizes the recent study by Duffy and Moffatt [Chem. Eng. J. 60, 141 (1995)] of gravity-driven draining down a locally planar substrate to include the effects of substrate variation transverse to the direction of flow. Asymptotic and numerical results are obtained for several simple convex and concave transverse substrate profiles. In all the cases investigated these results show a number of common features. In particular, they show that a single stable slowly varying rivulet running continuously from the top to the bottom of a large horizontal circular cylinder is possible only if the transverse substrate profile is a sufficiently shallow trough. If the profile is a deeper trough then no such rivulet is possible near the bottom of the cylinder, while if the profile is a ridge then no such rivulet is possible n.
Disentangling poststroke cognitive deficits and their neuroanatomical correlates through combined multivariable and multioutcome lesion‐symptom mapping

Studies in patients with brain lesions play a fundamental role in unraveling the brain's functional anatomy. Lesion‐symptom mapping (LSM) techniques can relate lesion location to cognitive performance. However, a limitation of current LSM approaches is that they can only evaluate one cognitive outcome at a time, without considering interdependencies between different cognitive tests. To overcome this challenge, we implemented canonical correlation analysis (CCA) as combined multivariable and multioutcome LSM approach. We performed a proof‐of‐concept study on 1075 patients with acute ischemic stroke to explore whether addition of CCA to a multivariable single‐outcome LSM approach (support vector regression) could identify infarct locations associated with deficits in three well‐defined verbal memory functions (encoding, consolidation, retrieval) based on four verbal memory subscores derived from the Seoul Verbal Learning Test (immediate recall, delayed recall, recognition, learning ability). We evaluated whether CCA could extract cognitive score patterns that matched prior knowledge of these verbal memory functions, and if these patterns could be linked to more specific infarct locations than through single‐outcome LSM alone. Two of the canonical modes identified with CCA showed distinct cognitive patterns that matched prior knowledge on encoding and consolidation. In addition, CCA revealed that each canonical mode was linked to a distinct infarct pattern, while with multivariable single‐outcome LSM individual verbal memory subscores were associated with largely overlapping patterns. In conclusion, our findings demonstrate that CCA can complement single‐outcome LSM techniques to help disentangle cognitive functions and their neuroanatomical correlates.
The Geometry of Multidimensional Quadratic Utility in Models of Parliamentary Roll Call Voting

The purpose of this paper is to show how the geometry of the quadratic utility function in the standard spatial model of choice can be exploited to estimate a model of parliamentary roll call voting. In a standard spatial model of parliamentary roll call voting, the legislator votes for the policy outcome corresponding to Yea if her utility for Yea is greater than her utility for Nay. The voting decision of the legislator is modeled as a function of the difference between these two utilities. With quadratic utility, this difference has a simple geometric interpretation that can be exploited to estimate legislator ideal points and roll call parameters in a standard framework where the stochastic portion of the utility function is normally distributed. The geometry is almost identical to that used by Poole (2000) to develop a nonparametric unfolding of binary choice data and the algorithms developed by Poole (2000) can be easily modified to implement the standard maximum-likelihood model.
Green American City: Civic Capacity and the Distributed Adoption of Urban Innovations

Why do some cities adopt practices to resolve social and environmental problems more rapidly and extensively than others? Although diffusion studies emphasize administrative adoption by central authorities, a range of private and public organizations are involved in the distributed adoption of innovations. The author argues that variation in the adoption of urban innovations results from persistent differences in cities’ organizational communities. An econometric analysis of the geographic dispersion of green construction practices and policies demonstrates that cities with greater civic capacity, where values-oriented organizations recognize and tackle social problems, see quicker and more extensive adoption. The effect is largest early in the diffusion process because nonprofits are themselves early adopters of green construction. Municipal policies later legitimate green building, but they follow prior individual organizations. The sequential framework of distributed and administrative adoption contributes to the understanding of the institutional determinants of responses to climate change, nonprofits as catalysts of urban innovation, and the consequences of urban governance on an intercity scale.