Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Traders

The eighteenth-century expansion of the Durrani, Qing and Romanov empires deeper into Eurasia brought liquid wealth from the increasingly globalised economy into this space, stimulating commercial opportunities and the closer integration of the continental interior. This chapter uncovers one of the outcomes of this process as the empowerment of new commercial groups. Afghans, Pashtuns and Muslims from the Indo-Afghan frontier—generally seen by scholars only as pastoralists and peddlers—were the entrepreneurial lynchpins of the developments examined in this chapter. As former peddlers harnessed market opportunities and channelled the benefits accrued from political patronage into new business ventures, they accumulated capital and widened the geographic scope of their operations. In so doing, they posed serious competition to established north-Indian magnate groups, while also changing the character of commerce itself.
Implementing CIFS: The Common Internet File System

The first developer's guide to Microsoft®'s Internet/Intranet file sharing standardFor years, developers and administrators have struggled to understand CIFS, Microsoft's poorly documented standard for Internet file sharing. Finally, there is an authoritative, cross-platform guide to CIFS capabilities and behavior. Implementing CIFS not only delivers the priceless knowledge of a Samba Team member dedicated to investigating the inner workings of CIFS, it also identifies and describes crucial specifications and supporting documents. Provides essential information for designing and debugging large Windows® and/or Samba networks Offers clear, in-depth introductions to Server Message Block (SMB), NetBIOS over TCP/IP (NBT), browser services, and authentication Drills down into the internals of CIFS, exposing its behavior on the wire and at the desktop-and its strange quirks Presents illustrative code examples throughout Reflects years of work reviewing obscure documentation, packet traces, and sourcecode Includes the SNIA CIFS Technical ReferenceImplementing CIFS will be indispensable to every developer who wants to provide CIFS compatibility-and every administrator or security specialist who needs an in-depth understanding of how it really works.
Creating Shared Value through Strategic CSR in Tourism

Literature review about corporate social responsibility (CSR) suggests that there are organisational benefits to be gained from unintentional discretionary expenditure in laudable behaviour. With this in mind, the methodology integrates insights from the ‘stakeholder theory’ and the ‘resource-based view theory of the firm’ to sharpen the strategic base for CSR investment. Quantitative and qualitative research techniques have been used to discover how business organisations are creating shared value for themselves and for society. The main study was carried out amongst hotel enterprises in Malta. The quantitative analysis tested the relationship between Strategic CSR (in terms of the organisational benefits) against the firms’ commitment, behaviour and resources devoted to CSR. Secondly the qualitative phase of this study involved an analysis of interviews with owner-managers across the Maltese hospitality industry and with experts who are responsible for setting policies in the tourism regulatory context. The results have indicated that responsible behaviour led to the firms’ financial performance and market standing, effective human resources management and operational efficiencies. Following the empirical findings a model representing the ‘creation of shared value’ for business and society has been put forward.
Silver nanoprisms/graphene oxide/silicon nanowires composites for R6G surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy sensor

In this study, Silver nanoprisms/Graphene Oxide/Silicon nanowires (AgNPr/GO/SiNWs) nanocomposites have been fabricated for Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (SERS) of Rhodamine 6G (R6G). The SiNWs have been synthesized using the metal-assisted chemical etching method. The surface morphologies of the SiNWs samples have been investigated using scanning electron microscopy. By varying the etching time from 5 to 30 min, the nanowire lengths have been tuned from 2 to 10 µm. While the average nanowire diameter remained unaffected (30-60 nm) with the increase in etching time, increments of nanowires length were found to alter the bundle morphology. The final SERS structure is obtained by depositing the GO layer followed by AgNPr. The obtained SERS sensor exhibited an enhanced efficiency as compared to AgNPr/SiNW matrix. The results demonstrate that a maximum efficiency factor of 6.1×1010 could be achieved with sensor fabricated with 30 min etched SiNWs.
METAL NANOPARTICLES AFFECT GLOBAL DNA METHYLATION LEVEL AND GENE EXPRESSION IN EARLY GERMINATION OF SOYBEAN

Nowadays, metal-based nanoparticles have been widely applied at a small dose for plant-growth and agronomic yield promotion, leading to significant economic and environmental benefits. The interaction mechanism between nanoparticles (NPs) and plants has been reported, however, not been completely elucidated yet. Therefore, this study aims to look at the global DNA methylation status and the expression of germinationrelated genes of NP treated soybean plants. The analysis indicated that the global DNA methylation, one important epigenetic mechanism in controlling gene expression, of NP treated plants was obviously changed from the control plants, especially in primary roots. The DNA methylation levels in primary roots were decreased significantly at 18 hours and increased at 48 hours after seed treatment with Fe or Co NPs and these values were opposite with Cu, ZnO NP treatment. Together with changes in DNA methylation, the expression of representative germination-related genes such as Glyma.08G018000, Glyma.07G007000, Glyma.09G21700, Glyma.04G096500 and Glyma.02G163900, which encoding for enzymes involved in ethylene biosynthesis and mobilization of seed reserves was increased under all NP treatments. The obtained results suggest that metal-based nanoparticles stimulate seed germination and seedling growth of soybean via regulation of DNA methylation and related gene expression.
Lean Roadmap: A Step by Step Guide for a Process Manager

This paper aims to build a generic roadmap for implementing Lean in different domains in order to improve the business processes. The customization of this roadmap makes it possible to adapt the steps to be followed for Lean implementation, the process manager’s requirements and available resources. An application has been developed in order to facilitate the customization of this roadmap. An analysis of methods from a literature review for Lean implementation was conducted in order to identify the steps to be included in the roadmap. A rigorous approach based on set theory, was therefore proposed and followed to build the roadmap. This roadmap is defined as a set of phases associated with principles, and each phase is defined as a set of steps associated with tools. This roadmap shows to the process manager, the objectives to aim for, the Lean principles to satisfy, and the Lean tools to use.
Analytical Solutions for the Radial Consolidation of Unsaturated Foundation with Prefabricated Vertical Drain Based on Fourier Series Expansion Theory

This paper presents the analytical solution of the radial consolidation of a prefabricated vertical drain (PVD) foundation under the unsaturated condition. In the proposed modeling, air and water phases in the foundation are thought to dissipate horizontally toward to the drain, and the smear effect, drain resistance and external time-dependent loading are fully considered. The analytical mathematical tools, namely the general integration method, Fourier series expansion method, decoupling method and the constant variation method, are utilized to solve the partial differential equations. Moreover, the current solutions are verified with existing solutions in the literature. Finally, a case study considering the ramp loading and exponential loading is conducted to investigate the consolidation patterns under various loading parameters. The results show that smear effect and drain resistance can significantly hinder the dissipation process of excess pore pressures, and different external loading types will lead to various dissipation characteristics (i.e., peak values).
Food Quality Management: Technological and Managerial Principles and Practices

This book describes Food Quality Management in one integrated concept. Firstly, all relevant aspects of food quality management are brought into one model, which forms the framework for this book. Secondly, the authors introduce the techno-managerial approach. This approach starts from the idea that food quality is the combined effect of food behaviour and human behaviour. The contemporary use of technological and managerial theories and models, is the core element of this approach. It is used to predict food systems behaviour and to generate adequate improvements to the system. Moreover, special attention is paid to food quality management from a chain perspective. Topics covered include technological food quality properties, quality management and decision making behaviour in organisations. Quality design, control, improvement and assurance are dealt with in detail, with special attention paid to the use of tools and methods. This book describes quality assurance systems currently in use, ranging from international QA-systems like GMP, HACCP, ISO and BRC. Furthermore, policy and business strategy principles are discussed in the framework of food quality management and the concept of TQM receives special attention. Finally, expected future developments in food quality management are considered.
Noise and Vibration Reduction Technology in New Generation Hybrid Vehicle Development

The new gasoline hybrid car, "the Prius", has achieved both two-liter class power performance and world top-class gas mileage with the new Toyota Hybrid System "THS II". Compared with the previous THS, the electric motor drive power of the THS II has been boosted by 50% and the weight of this system has been reduced by 20%. This paper describes the NV problems caused by the improvements to the hybrid system, and the countermeasures for them. It also describes the technologies for reduction of engine start vibration. Finally an evaluation method and countermeasures against interior engine noise are described.
Watching me, watching you: The use of CCTV to support safer work places for public transport transit officers

As part of her research into the culture and safety values of WA's Transit Officers, Christine embarked on a total immersion ethnographic investigation and underwent a twelve week training programme with a new intake of recruits before being allocated her own series of night-time shifts. Although Christine has a past life with the same organisation as Manager Occupational Safety, Health and Environment, this has proved to be a mixed blessing. Lelia Green
Lateral Blow out Failure of Headed Studs Near a Free Edge

Pullout tests with headed studs placed near a free edge have been carried out. In most of the tests blow-out failure occurred. On the basis of this and other available test results an empirical equation for calculating the failure load was derived. The equation takes into account the influence of the edge distance, the concrete strength and the load bearing area. The equation for calculating the failure load shows good agreement with the test results. The equation for calculating the critical edge distance at which the failure mode changes to steel rupture or to concrete cone failure is given. The values for critical edge distance are different from the values in ACI 349, Appendix B, because of the ACI 349 overestimates the concrete capacity for large edge distances.
Performance of agronomical and seed biochemical traits of soybean genotypes in relation to their tolerance and preference by Nezara viridula

Kuswantoro H, Ginting E, Utomo JS, Yusnawan E. 2019. Performance of agronomical and seed biochemical traits of soybean genotypes in relation to their tolerance to and preference by Nezara viridula. Biodiversitas 20: 356-363. Qualitative and quantitative variations of biochemical compounds in plant organs is one of the causes leading to infestation by a certain pest which prefers to feed on particular genotypes than other genotypes. Objectives of this study is to find out the relationship of selected agronomical features and seed biochemical contents of soybean genotypes with their tolerance to Nezara viridula and also the preference of N. viridula to these genotypes. A total of 50 soybean germplasm were grown at Muneng research station during the dry season of 2016. The variability of the tested germplasm was reflected in the diversity of agronomic characters and seed biochemical contents. There was a significant positive correlation among the studied seed biochemical parameters, namely protein, methionine and cysteine contents. The protein and cysteine contents did not relate to N. viridula preference, but it was related to soybean tolerance against N. viridula. It was indicated by the insignificant positive correlation of protein and cysteine contents with the number of unfilled pods and the negative correlation of protein and cysteine contents with the ratio of number of unfilled pods to the total number of pods. Methionine content increased N. viridula preference, but it had no effect on soybean tolerance. Five genotypes, namely MLGG 0164, MLGG 0195, MLGG 0103, MLGG 0896 and MLGG 0196 were selected based on high seed biochemical contents which can be used as gene sources in soybean breeding programs. Among these five genotypes, MLGG 0195 had high protein, methionine and cysteine contents, but it was not tolerant to N. viridula. Hence, this genotype should be cultivated by controlling N. viridula optimally. MLGG 0196 had the highest methionine content, relatively high cysteine content, and N. viridula tolerance. This genotype can be used to improve seed biochemical content and plant tolerance against N. viridula.
Coupled dynamics and economic analysis of floating wind turbine systems

Against the backdrop of rising oil prices and increasing uncertainty in the future of energy and the health of the environment, wind energy is distinguished as a leading technology that is both technologically and economically viable for large-scale nonpetroleum and non-polluting energy generation. The deployment of wind energy technology on floating platforms in deep water offshore environments has emerged as a forward-thinking application of this technology. This thesis takes some early steps toward the development of innovative and costeffective floating platforms to support a 5-MW wind turbine for deployment in water depths of 30 300 meters. A tool for performing a coupled structural, hydrodynamic, and aerodynamic analysis of floating wind turbine systems in the frequency domain was developed and is presented. This analysis tool includes the effects of the gyroscopic loads of the wind turbine rotor on the tower and floater, the aerodynamic damping introduced by the wind turbine rotor, the hydrodynamic added mass and damping introduced by wave-body interactions, and the hydrodynamic forces caused by wave excitation. This analysis tool was applied to several structures representing excerpts of the design space of structures capable of supporting large wind turbines. The structures were evaluated on their dynamic performance in several environmental conditions and on their installed cost. An economic analysis was also carried out to determine the cost of the floating platform for the wind turbine per kWh of electricity generated. Thesis Supervisor: Paul Sclavounos Title: Professor of Mechanical Engineering
Technological revolutions and the evolution of industrial structures

In this work we discuss the impact of the new ICT techno-economic paradigm upon the vertical and horizontal boundaries of the firm and ask whether the change in the sources of competitive advantage has resulted in changes in the size distribution of firms and also in the degree of concentration of industries. Drawing both on firm-level and national statistical data we assess the evolution of the overall balances between the activities which are integrated within organizations and those which occur through market interactions. While the new paradigm entails “revolutionary” changes in the domain of technology, the modification in industrial structures has been somewhat more incremental. Certainly, the vertical and horizontal boundaries of firms have changed and together one is observing a turnover in the club of biggest world firms accounting also for a shift in the relative importance of industrial sectors. Nonetheless, we do not observe an abrupt fading of the Chandlerian multidivisional corporation in favour of smaller less-integrated firms.
Methods for assessing quality characteristics of non-grainstarch staples. (Part 4. Advanced methods.)

This manual sets out in a four-part publication the main methods necessary to evaluate the quality characteristics of nongrain starch staple (NGSS) food crops (cassava, sweet potato, banana, plantain, yam and cocoyam) and their processed products. It is designed to be a reference source and laboratory guide for food analysis laboratories and those concerned with the quality of NGSS. It is hoped that the provision of this manual and its active promotion through workshops will assist in the uptake of quality assessment methodologies, the setting of quality standards and to the improved quality of fresh material and their processed products. It is expected that the audience for this manual will be wide ranging and include: • public sector research and development establishments such as universities, colleges and research institutes-this would include bodies responsible for NGSS breeding programmes and food and nutrition programmes; • bureaux of standards/quality standards boards and other bodies responsible for setting and monitoring the standard of foods and raw materials within the NGSS sector; and • private sector quality control laboratories wishing to implement quality assurance systems utilizing NGSS or their by-products as raw materials for food or industrial applications. Different groups may wish to use different parts of the manual. The manual is divided into four parts: • Part 1 Introductory section; • Part 2 Field methods: methods that require a minimum of equipment and are suitable for use in situations where a laboratory is not readily available; • Part 3 Laboratory methods: this part brings together most of the standard laboratory methods for the analysis of NGSS food crops; and • Part 4 Advanced methods: in this part a diverse range of techniques is brought together. It includes methods of a more advanced nature and possibly requiring more sophisticated equipment than described in Part 3. This section may be used for research purposes.
A computer model to analyse the cost-effectiveness of hormone replacement therapy - a revised version

This report presents a computer model for evaluating the cost-effectiveness (CE) of Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT). The model is an extension of a previous model and includes also the risk of spine and wrist fracture. New Swedish data on risk of coronary heart disease and related mortality are included. The report describes the model's structure and data requirements; it also investigates the impact on the CE results by using the new model and by adding the wrist and spine fractures to the model. We further investigate whether the results are sensitive to the inclusion of Swedish risk and mortality data for CHD instead of using data based on the Framingham study. The results show that the incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs) are insensitive to the chosen model, to the assumption that the risk of wrist and spine fracture follows that of hip fracture, and to replacing the Framingham data with Swedish CHD risk and mortality data.
A comparative study among different methods of detection of colistin resistant gram negative bacilli in a tertiary care hospital

Background: Multi-drug resistant gram negative bacteria (MDR GNB) have become a major health challenge worldwide . Colistin has an excellent bactericidal activity against these MDR GNB. However, Colistin resistance has been reported globally. Material and methods : This study was conducted in the Department of Microbiology at Krishna Institute of Medical Sciences, Secunderabad from October 2017 to September 2018. Samples received to the laboratory were identified and AST was done by Vitek 2 compact system, those isolates which are colistin resistant were then later compared with disk diffusion and broth microdilution method. results : Most common isolate which shows colistin resistance were Klebsiella pneumoniae aeruginosa, followed by Acinetobacter baumannii and Escherichia coli . Colistin resistant isolates showed by Vitek 2 compact were further compared by reference broth microdilution method, it was found 65.6 % of them were actually susceptible to colistin, whereas 34.3 % showed resistance pattern. The differences between these two methods were found to be statistically significant. On comparison disk diffusion with BMD, it was found that the difference was not statistically significant. Based on these observations, it can be inferred that disk diffusion was an unreliable method to detect colistin susceptibility. Conclusion : of always be considered.
Beamforming for Performance Optimization of a Cellular Radio System

In recent years, the demand for reliable transmission of high speed data and multimedia traffic in wireless communications has been growing tremendously. To enhance the capacity of the existing and future generation wireless systems, attention has been recently turned into Smart Antenna (SA) and Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) systems which may use adaptive beamforming. This dissertation aims at investigating and designing beamforming algorithms for multiple antenna wireless communication systems. In the first part of the dissertation, the system level performance of the Universal Mobile Telecommunication System (UMTS) with SAs at the Base Stations (BSs) is evaluated by using a novel and dynamic system level simulator. Compared with other investigations, the present evaluation takes into account the dynamic and stochastic behaviour of the radio propagation channel along with power control, soft handover and code management. The second part of the dissertation is devoted to downlink beamforming based on uplink channel parameters for UMTS Frequency Division Duplex (FDD) systems. A robust transformation of uplink to downlink spatial covariance matrices is proposed in order to overcome the adverse effect of uplink channel estimation errors into downlink beamforming. This method performs better than the previous approaches and can be efficiently implemented for realistic wireless networks. Robust uplink and downlink beamforming algorithms based on an outage probability criterion have been proposed in the third part of the dissertation. These algorithms reduce the degradation in system level performance caused by the uncertainty of the uplink and downlink spatial covariance matrices. Compared with the earlier robust methods based on worst-case performance optimization, the proposed algorithms do not need the knowledge of the upper bound of the uncertainty. In the last part of this dissertation, a new stochastic approach is proposed for the design of a single user robust MIMO transmitter which has only partial Channel State Information (CSI). The proposed transmitter enhances the robustness of the MIMO system against erroneous CSI. A power control optimization problem for multiuser MIMO system is also solved in order to minimize the BS transmit power while maintaining a minimum level of Quality of Service (QoS) for all Mobile Stations (MSs).