Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Role of the Millennial Generation as Candidates for Legislative Members in 2024 Election

The millennial generation has great potential to serve as legislative candidates in the 2024 election. They bring new perspectives, innovative thinking, and technological skills that can make a positive contribution to the legislative process. This research aimed to analyze and describe the role of the millennial generation as legislative candidates in the 2024 election. This research used descriptive qualitative techniques, which required a literature review that involved searching for relevant reading material in books or articles. This research shows that there was a challenge for the millennial generation in facing the 2024 election, namely that there is a negative stigma, sometimes they are said to tend to be lazy, anti-social, and even seen as not understanding politics and not caring about national conditions, although this is not entirely true. Motives and encouragement of the Millennial Generation to Become Candidates for Legislative Membership in 2024 are due to the hope that this generation can bring more adaptive, inclusive, and progressive changes to the policy-making process, such as the call to be involved in the political process, feel better represented, and hope for change. The potential for the millennial generation becomes legislative members in the 2024 election, because they have creativity and innovation, progressive thinking, and acceptance of the millennial generation in society in the 2024 election.
Clinical Reactivations of Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2 Infection and Human Immunodeficiency Virus Disease Progression Markers

Background The natural history of HSV-2 infection and role of HSV-2 reactivations in HIV disease progression are unclear. Methods Clinical symptoms of active HSV-2 infection were used to classify 1,938 HIV/HSV-2 co-infected participants of the Women's Interagency HIV Study (WIHS) into groups of varying degree of HSV-2 clinical activity. Differences in plasma HIV RNA and CD4+ T cell counts between groups were explored longitudinally across three study visits and cross-sectionally at the last study visit. Results A dose dependent association between markers of HIV disease progression and degree of HSV-2 clinical activity was observed. In multivariate analyses after adjusting for baseline CD4+ T cell levels, active HSV-2 infection with frequent symptomatic reactivations was associated with 21% to 32% increase in the probability of detectable plasma HIV RNA (trend p = 0.004), an average of 0.27 to 0.29 log10 copies/ml higher plasma HIV RNA on a continuous scale (trend p<0.001) and 51 to 101 reduced CD4+ T cells/mm3 over time compared to asymptomatic HSV-2 infection (trend p<0.001). Conclusions HIV induced CD4+ T cell loss was associated with frequent symptomatic HSV-2 reactivations. However, effect of HSV-2 reactivations on HIV disease progression markers in this population was modest and appears to be dependent on the frequency and severity of reactivations. Further studies will be necessary to determine whether HSV-2 reactivations contribute to acceleration of HIV disease progression.
Register placement for low power clock network

In modern VLSI designs, the increasingly severe power problem requests to minimize clock routing wirelength so that both power consumption and power supply noise can be alleviated. In contrast to most of traditional works that handle this problem only in clock routing, we propose to navigate standard cell register placement to locations that enable further less clock routing wirelength and power. To minimize adverse impacts to conventional cell placement goals such as signal net wirelength and critical path delay, the register placement is carried out in the context of a quadratic placement. The proposed technique is particularly effective for the recently popular prescribed skew clock routing. Experiments on benchmark circuits show encouraging results.
MicroRNA: Important Player in the Pathobiology of Multiple Myeloma

Recent studies have revealed a pivotal role played by a class of small, noncoding RNAs, microRNA (miRNA), in multiple myeloma (MM), a plasma cell (PC) malignancy causing significant morbidity and mortality. Deregulated miRNA expression in patient's PCs and plasma has been associated with tumor progression, molecular subtypes, clinical staging, prognosis, and drug response in MM. A number of important oncogenic and tumor suppressor miRNAs have been discovered to regulate important genes and pathways such as p53 and IL6-JAK-STAT signaling. miRNAs may also form complex regulatory circuitry with genetic and epigenetic machineries, the deregulation of which could lead to malignant transformation and progression. The translational potential of miRNAs in the clinic is being increasingly recognized that they could represent novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets. This review comprehensively summarizes current progress in delineating the roles of miRNAs in MM pathobiology and management.
Suppressor Function of Umbilical Cord Blood-Derived CD4+CD25+ T-Regulatory Cells Exposed to Graft-versus-Host Disease Drugs

Background. This study examines the effects of the most commonly used graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) prophylactic drugs on inducing apoptosis and suppressor cell function of human umbilical cord blood (UCB) CD4+25+ Treg and CD4+25− cells. Methods. Cyclosporin A (CSA), methylprednisolone (MP), methotrexate (MTX), and mycophenolic acid (MPA) were added to the final 6 days of expansion cultures of Treg or CD4+25− T-cells isolated from the same donor and each concurrently cultured under the same conditions. Cell viability was measured for CD4+25+ as compared to CD4+25− T-cells and Treg function was assessed. The effects of these immunosuppressive drugs, Treg cells, or both also were tested in a primary allogeneic mixed lymphocyte response (MLR) response. Results. The cell viability percentages were lower for CD4+25− cells than for Treg cells when MP, MTX, or MPA was added for the last 6 days of an expansion culture. Under these interleukin (IL)-2 based expansion conditions, CSA had no effect. The addition of any of the four GVHD prophylactic agents to the expansion phase of culture did not reduce the MLR suppressive capacity of Treg cells. Overall MLR suppression was increased when Treg cells were added along with CSA and MP to a primary MLR culture, whereas MTX modestly reduced Treg suppression. Conclusion. These data indicate a general resistance of expanded UCB Treg cells to GVHD immune suppressive agents and support trials to test UCB Treg infusions under the cover of GVHD prophylactic drugs in hematopoietic cell transplantation.
Inhibition of benzo(a)pyrene-induced mouse forestomach neoplasia by conjugated dienoic derivatives of linoleic acid.

Grilled ground beef contains factors that inhibit the initiation of mouse epidermal carcinogenesis by 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene. Previously we isolated an active principal and characterized it as an isomeric mixture of conjugated dienoic derivatives of linoleic acid (CLA). We now show that synthetic CLA inhibits the initiation of mouse forestomach tumorigenesis by benzo(a)pyrene. Four and 2 days prior to p.o. treatment with benzo(a)pyrene, female ICR mice were given (a) CLA in olive oil, (b) linoleic acid in olive oil, or (c) olive oil alone or plus 0.85% saline (control groups). Three days later the cycle was repeated for a total of 4 times. At 30 wk of age, the mice were sacrificed. In three independent experiments, mice treated with CLA developed only about half as many neoplasms/animal as mice in the control groups (P less than 0.025); in two of the experiments tumor incidence was also reduced (P less than 0.05). There were no significant differences in food intake or body weight among the groups. High-performance liquid chromatography/gas chromatography analysis established that, following intubation, only the c-9, t-11 CLA isomer was incorporated into forestomach phospholipids. In studies aimed at elucidating the mechanism of action, we found that CLA is an effective antioxidant. Under the conditions of the test CLA was more potent than alpha-tocopherol and almost as effective as butylated hydroxytoluene. These observations indicate that CLA might serve as an in situ defense mechanism against membrane attack by free radicals and may, at least in part, explain the anticarcinogenic properties of CLA.
Characterizing and Modeling Seasonality in Extreme Rainfall

A comprehensive understanding of seasonality in extreme rainfall is essential for climate studies, flood prediction, and various hydrological applications such as scheduling season‐specific engineering works, intra‐annual management of reservoirs, seasonal flood risk mitigation, and stormwater management. To identify seasonality in extreme rainfall and quantify its impact in a theoretically consistent yet practically appealing manner, we investigate a data set of 27 daily rainfall records spanning at least 150 years. We aim to objectively identify periods within the year with distinct seasonal properties of extreme rainfall by employing the Akaike information criterion. Optimal partitioning of seasons is identified by minimizing the within‐season variability of extremes. The statistics of annual and seasonal extremes are evaluated by fitting a generalized extreme value distribution to the annual and seasonal block maxima series. The results indicate that seasonal properties of rainfall extremes mainly affect the average values of seasonal maxima and their variability, while the shape of their probability distribution and its tail do not substantially vary from season to season. Uncertainty in the estimation of the generalized extreme value parameters is quantified by employing three different estimation methods (maximum likelihood, method of moments, and least squares), and the opportunity for joint parameter estimation of seasonal and annual probability distributions of extremes is discussed. The effectiveness of the proposed scheme for seasonal characterization and modeling is highlighted when contrasted to results obtained from the conventional approach of using fixed climatological seasons.
Signal dynamics in Sonic hedgehog tissue patterning

During development, secreted signaling factors, called morphogens, instruct cells to adopt specific mature phenotypes. However, the mechanisms that morphogen systems employ to establish a precise concentration gradient for patterning tissue architecture are highly complex and are typically analyzed only at long times after secretion (i.e. steady state). We have developed a theoretical model that analyzes dynamically how the intricate transport and signal transduction mechanisms of a model morphogen, Sonic hedgehog (Shh), cooperate in modular fashion to regulate tissue patterning in the neural tube. Consistent with numerous recent studies, the model elucidates how the dynamics of gradient formation can be a key determinant of cell response. In addition, this work yields several novel insights into how different transport mechanisms or `modules' control pattern formation. The model predicts that slowing the transport of a morphogen, such as by lipid modification of the ligand Shh, by ligand binding to proteoglycans, or by the moderate upregulation of dedicated transport molecules like Dispatched, can actually increase the signaling range of the morphogen by concentrating it near the secretion source. Furthermore, several transcriptional targets of Shh, such as Patched and Hedgehog-interacting protein, significantly limit its signaling range by slowing transport and promoting ligand degradation. This modeling approach elucidates how individual modular elements that operate dynamically at various times during patterning can shape a tissue pattern.
Interacting Glutamate Receptor-Like Proteins in Phloem Regulate Lateral Root Initiation in Arabidopsis[W][OA]

This article provides evidence of an interaction between two types of Glu receptor proteins that allow entry of calcium ions into the cytoplasm when activated by an amino acid. They reside in the phloem of Arabidopsis seedling roots, and from there they somehow affect the initial stages of the root branching process. Molecular, genetic, and electrophysiological evidence indicates that at least one of the plant Glu receptor-like molecules, GLR3.4, functions as an amino acid–gated Ca2+ channel at the plasma membrane. The aspect of plant physiology, growth, or development to which GLR3.4 contributes is an open question. Protein localization studies performed here provide important information. In roots, GLR3.4 and the related GLR3.2 protein were present primarily in the phloem, especially in the vicinity of the sieve plates. GLR3.3 was expressed in most cells of the growing primary root but was not enriched in the phloem, including the sieve plate area. GLR3.2 and GLR3.4 physically interacted with each other better than with themselves as evidenced by a biophotonic assay performed in human embryonic kidney cells and Nicotiana benthamiana leaf cells. GLR3.3 interacted poorly with itself or the other two GLRs. Mutations in GLR3.2, GLR3.4, or GLR3.2 and GLR3.4 caused the same and equally severe phenotype, namely, a large overproduction and aberrant placement of lateral root primordia. Loss of GLR3.3 did not affect lateral root primordia. These results support the hypothesis that apoplastic amino acids acting through heteromeric GLR3.2/GLR3.4 channels affect lateral root development via Ca2+ signaling in the phloem.
An Occlusion-Free Intraoperative Active Navigation System for Orthopedic Surgery

Intraoperative optical tracking system (OTS) suffers from the visual occlusion problem when an obstacle blocks the visual cone (VC) of the OTS. In this article, angle and distance margins are proposed to quantify the degree of danger of an obstacle based on its spatial relationship to the VCs of the OTS. Based on this mathematical modeling, an active navigation system (ANS) is proposed, where the navigation robot is used to adjust the pose of the OTS before occlusion occurs. Circular and translational trajectories are proposed as basic adjusting trajectories for the OTS. A dual-step optimization is then established to find the optimal observation pose of the OTS and plan an occlusion-free adjusting trajectory for the navigation robot. Finally, simulations and experiments are conducted to validate the effectiveness of the proposed method. The results demonstrate that the proposed method effectively keeps the VCs of the OTS away from the moving path of the obstacle, and thus maintaining consistent navigation. This active navigation method is promising for the safe operations of surgical systems employing optical navigation.
The Expression of the Developmentally Regulated Proto-oncogenePax-3 Is Modulated by N-Myc*

N-Myc is a member of the Myc family of transcription factors that have been shown to play a pivotal role in cell proliferation and differentiation. In this report, we have investigated the relationship between N-Myc and the developmental control gene Pax-3. Using transient transfection assays, we show that the Pax-3 promoter is activated by both N-Myc-Max and c-Myc-Max. Moreover, we show that Myc regulation ofPax-3 promoter activity is dependent upon a noncanonical E box site in the 5′ promoter region of Pax-3. In addition, we show that ectopic expression of both N-Myc and c-Myc leads to increased expression of Pax-3 mRNA. Furthermore, we show that Pax-3 mRNA expression is cell cycle-regulated and that the 5′ promoter region of Pax-3 (bp −1578 to +56) can direct cell cycle-dependent gene expression with kinetics similar to that of the endogenous transcript. Site-directed mutagenesis of the E box site within the Pax-3 promoter significantly altered the pattern of expression through the cell cycle. These results suggest that the Myc family of transcription factors may modulate Pax-3 expression in vivo.
Energy Optimization of Distributed Video Processing System in Dynamic Environment

To create a future society based on cyber-physical systems, we need real-time digital twins made with cameras and sensors. The challenge is making this energy-efficient. A model in [1] suggests dividing video analysis tasks among terminals, edge servers, and cloud servers to minimize power consumption. This paper addresses energy optimization in dynamic environments with a two-level approach: detecting and categorizing environmental changes (LEC and SEC) and using a two-level adaptive evolutionary algorithm (TAEA) to make corresponding adjustments. A case study with a differential evolution algorithm demonstrates its effectiveness in minimizing energy costs and improving processing accuracy and latency violations.
AN AUTOMATIC LANGUAGE IDENTIFICATION USING AUDIO FEATURES

An automatic Language Identification (LID) is the task of automatically recognizing a language from the given spoken utterance. Language identification is used to identify the language of the particular audio and reduce the complexity of the audio sample. LID systems that rely on multiple language phone recognition language modeling (PRLM) and n-gram language modeling produces the best performance in formal LID evaluations. By contrast, Gaussian mixture model (GMM) systems, which measure acoustic characteristics, are far more computationally efficient but tended to provide inferior levels of performance. We have described here the efficiency of an LID system for two different languages namely English and Hindi. The evaluation of languages is done on the standard recorded databases, from which features are extracted using Mel-frequency cepstral coefficients (MFCC). The language models are done using PRLM and classification is done using Gaussian mixture model (GMM). The obtained results ensure that accuracy of LID is efficient for the chosen languages and the system performance is evaluated on both PRLM and GMM.
HPC-Reuse: Efficient Process Creation for Running MPI and Hadoop MapReduce on Supercomputers

Hadoop and Spark analytics are used widely for large-scale data processing on commodity clusters. It is better choice to run them on supercomputers in aspects of productivity and maturity rather than developing new frameworks from scratch. YARN, a key component of Hadoop, is responsible for resource management. YARN adopts dynamic management for job execution and scheduling. We identify three Ds (3D) dynamic characteristics from YARN-like management: on-Demand (processes created during job execution), Diverse job, and Detailed (fine-grained allocation). The dynamic management does not fit into typical resource managers on supercomputers, for example PBS, that are identified having three Ss (3S) static characteristics: Stationary (no newly created process during execution), Single job, and Shallow (coarse-grained allocation). In this paper, we propose HPC-Reuse located between YARN-like and PBS-like resource managers in order to provide better support of dynamic management. HPC-Reuse helps avoid process creation, such as MPI-Spawn, and enable MPI communication over Hadoop processes. Our experimental results show that HPC-Reuse can reduce execution time of iterative PageRank by 26%.
A Classification Framework and Survey for Design Smell Management

Many approaches and tools have been developed to detect, correct or reduce design smells. This technical report presents a taxon-omy for design smell management approaches, using feature diagrams as a graphical guidance to illustrate it. This taxonomy can help in various ways. Newcomers in the domain can use it to get acquainted with the important aspects of design smell management, tool builders may use it to compare and improve their tools, and software developers may use it to assess which tool or technique is most appropriate to their needs.
SLADO: Semantic lexical alignment for domain-specific ontologies

Domain-specific ontologies encode reusable domain vocabulary and represent established domain semantics. The alignment of such ontologies requires an approach based on a semantic analysis of its components. This paper presents SLADO, Semantic Lexical Alignment for Domain-specific Ontologies. The proposed approach aims to use the available dictionaries and lexical resources in the underlying domain and to mine the ontology information to extract words from the string features of the input ontologies. The string features are processed as word wrappers, where every string is assumed to contain some word(s). The architecture of SLADO uses a mixture of lexical and knowledge-based methods in a semantic approach. It first identifies the semantic words from the ontology labels, and then determines the output by comparing the extracted words and their synonyms using lexical resources such as WordNet.
Success in a Statistics Course: How Important is Grit?

Success in a statistics course depends on many factors including student attitudes and behaviors. In the first of two studies we had students complete a self-assessment at the beginning of the semester. The responses were later evaluated to determine what characteristics distinguish stronger students from weaker students. In the second study, assessments were made at the end of the semester. The students’ self-reflections were correlated with expected course grades and, as expected, stronger students reported behaviors consistent with a stronger work ethic. To the extent that pre-course and post-course assessments reveal student characteristics associated with academic success, the information may be useful in identifying promising students and in further developing those traits in all students.
LMSim : Computing Domain-specific Semantic Word Similarities Using a Language Modeling Approach

We propose a method to compute domain-speciﬁc semantic similarity be-tween words. Prior approaches for ﬁnding word similarity that use linguistic resources (like WordNet) are not suitable because words may have very speciﬁc and rare sense in some particular domain. For example, in customer support domain, the word escalation is used in the sense of “problem raised by a customer” and therefore in this domain, the words escalation and complaint are semantically related. In our approach, domain-speciﬁc word similarity is captured through language modeling. We represent context of a word in the form of a set of word sequences containing the word in the domain corpus. We deﬁne a similarity function which computes weighted Jaccard similarity be-tween the set representations of two words and propose a dynamic programming based approach to compute it ef-ﬁciently. We demonstrate eﬀectiveness of our approach on domain-speciﬁc corpora of Software Engineering and Agri-culture domains.
Proposal of Differential Privacy Anonymization for IoT Applications Using MQTT Broker

IoT applications require secure communication methods that protect personal information contained in communication data. This study focuses on MQTT, a low-cost protocol used for IoT communication, and proposes a mechanism to anonymize communication data between IoT and clients. MQTT is a publish-subscribe model of communication where a broker handles many-to-many communications among clients. Due to the concentration of communications on the broker, it is efficient to anonymize data there. Therefore, the proposed mechanism performs differential privacy anonymization of communication data on the MQTT broker. We also propose a mechanism to anonymize data according to anonymization criteria required by senders and receivers using topic names and user properties, which are features of MQTT. We implemented the proposed mechanism in an FPGA-based MQTT broker and confirmed that it achieves the same throughput and low latency as regular MQTT communication and satisfies IoT applications such as power control and automated driving that require sub-millisecond latency.