Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Normobaric Hyperoxia Combined With Endovascular Treatment for Patients With Acute Ischemic Stroke

Background and Objectives To investigate the safety and efficacy of normobaric hyperoxia (NBO) combined with endovascular treatment (EVT) in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS). Methods In this single-center, proof-of-concept, assessor-blinded, randomized, controlled pilot study, patients with AIS in the acute anterior circulation with large vessel occlusion who had an indication for EVT were randomly assigned to the EVT group or the NBO + EVT group. The NBO + EVT group was given 100% oxygen through a face mask initiated before vascular recanalization (10L/min for 4 hours), while the EVT group was given room air. The primary endpoint was infarct volume measured by MRI within 24–48 hours after randomization. Results A total of 231 patients were screened, and 86 patients were randomized into a ratio of 1:1 (EVT group, n = 43; NBO + EVT group, n = 43). The median infarction volume of the NBO + EVT group at 24–48 hours after randomization was significantly smaller than that of the EVT group (median 20.1 vs 37.7 mL, p < 0.01). The median mRS score at 90 days was 2 for the NBO + EVT group when compared with 3 for the EVT group (adjusted value 1.8, 95% CI 1.3–4.2; p = 0.038). Compared with the EVT group, the NBO + EVT group had a lower incidence of symptomatic intracranial hemorrhagic (7% vs 12%), mortality (9% vs 16%), and adverse events (33% vs 42%); however, such a difference was not statistically significant. Discussion NBO in combination with EVT seems to be a safe and feasible treatment strategy that could significantly reduce infarct volume, improve short-term neurobehavioral test score, and enhance clinical outcomes at 90 days when compared with EVT alone in patients with AIS. These observations need to be further confirmed by a large, multicenter, randomized clinical trial. Clinical Trials Registration NCT03620370. Classification of Evidence This pilot study provides Class I evidence that NBO combined with standard EVT decreases infarction volume in patients with acute anterior circulation stroke.
The population pharmacokinetics and dose optimization of polymyxin B in critically ill patients with or without extracorporeal membrane oxygenation

The presence of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is suggested to further exacerbate the pharmacokinetics (PK) alterations that occur during critical illness. The objectives of this study were to determine the population PK model of polymyxin B in critically ill patients with or without ECMO support investigated the influence of ECMO on PK variability and to identify an optimal dosing strategy.
Neurochemical profile of the myenteric plexus in the rat colorectal region

The enteric nervous system, a major subdivision of the autonomic nervous system, is known for its neurochemical heterogeneity and complexity. The myenteric plexus, one of its two principal components, primarily controls peristalsis and its dysfunction may lead to a number of gastrointestinal motility disorders. The myenteric neurons have been described to use a wide variety of neurotransmitters although no evidence has been reported for the existence of adrenergic neurons in the hindgut. This study aims at elucidating the chemical coding of neurons in the myenteric plexus of the rat colon and anorectal region with particular emphasis on cholinergic and the so‐called nonadrenergic, noncholinergic (NANC) transmitter systems. The immunostaining for choline acetyltransferase revealed an intense staining of the myenteric ganglia with clear delineation of their neuronal cell bodies and without local distributional differences in the colonic region. The myenteric ATPergic structures were mostly limited to fiber bundles surrounding unstained myenteric neurons and penetrating the two muscle layers. We also observed an abundance of intensely stained varicose substance P‐immunopositive fibers, ensheathing the immunonegative myenteric neuronal cell bodies in a basket‐like manner. Applying NADPH‐diaphorase histochemistry and nitric oxide synthase immunohistochemistry, we were able to demonstrate numerous nitrergic somata of myenteric neurons with Dogiel Type I morphology. Apart from the observed nitrergic distributional patterns, no distinct variations were found in the staining intensity or distribution of myenteric structures in the colon and anorectal area. Our results suggest that myenteric neurons in the distal intestinal portion utilize a broad spectrum of enteric transmitters, including classical and NANC transmitters.
Sprouty1 exerts a preventive effect on the initiation of psoriasis by inhibiting innate immune antimicrobial peptide cathelicidin and immunocytes

Psoriasis is an immune‐mediated skin disease dominated by the cutaneous immune system. Keratinocytes have been considered important triggers that initiate psoriasis. The key molecules and events of keratinocytes that link the innate immune system in psoriasis must be investigated in more detail. Human psoriasis skin and primary human keratinocyte were detected in vitro. Epidermis specific transgenic mouse strain (Krt14‐Sprouty1 tg) was used to further investigate psoriasis‐like skin inflammation in vivo.
Car usage, CO 2 emissions and fuel taxes in Europe

The number of diesel cars in Europe has grown signiﬁcantly over the last three decades, a process usually known as dieselization, and they now account for nearly 40% of the cars on the road. We build on a dynamic general equilibrium model that makes a distinction between diesel motor and gasoline motor vehicles and calibrate it for main European countries. Firstly, we ﬁnd that the dieselization can be explained by a change in consumer preferences paired with the productivity gains from the specialization of the European automotive industry. Secondly, the lenient tax policies in favor of diesel fuel help to explain the rebound effect in road trafﬁc. Finally, from a normative standpoint, the model suggests that a tax discrimination based on the carbon content of each fuel (higher for diesel relative to gasoline) would actually be more effective in curbing CO 2 emissions rather than a tax based on fuel efﬁciency. Based on the existing studies, we also document that other external costs of diesel are always higher than those of gasoline, and the Pigouvian tax rates should reﬂect this aspect. This recommendation is radically different to the existing fuel tax design in most European countries.
Springer MRW: [AU:, IDX:]

Social integration is a multidimensional construct that can be defined as the extent to which individuals participate in a variety of social relationships, including engagement in social activities or relationships and a sense of communality and identification with one’s social roles (Holt-Lunstad and Uchino 2015; Brissette et al. 2000). Social integration and social support are often used interchangeably but represent different conceptual approaches to understanding the influence of social relationships. For example, the classic paper by Cohen and Wills (1985) drew the distinction between structural and functional aspects of social support. Social integration is viewed as structural, because it represents the presence or absence of support, whereas perceived social support and received social support are viewed as functional aspects of relationships (e.g., HoltLunstad et al. 2017). Further, social integration has been measured in a variety of ways including role-based measures, participation-based measures, perceived integration, and complex measures (Brissette et al. 2000). Role-based measures assess the number of different kinds of relationships in which an individual participates. For example, the Social Network Index (Cohen et al. 1997) assesses participation in 12 different types of relationships (spouse, parents, parents-in-law, children, other close relatives, close neighbors, friends, workmates, schoolmates, fellow volunteers, members of religious affiliation). Respondents are asked to report whether they have spoken to each either over the phone or in person within the last 2 weeks. This scale can be used to assess both network size and diversity. Larger population studies often opt to assess fewer roles, but sensitivity should be used to eliminate those roles that may not be relevant to the specific sample or to include those that may be most salient. Participation-based measures assess the frequency of participation in social activities. Some measures assess how often participants engage in specific social activities over the past year. For example, the Welin Activity Scale (WAS; Welin et al. 1992) includes social activities, home activities, and activities outside the home. The Social Participation Scale (SPS) includes four categories including intimate relationships, formal involvement in organizations, active social leisure, and passive solitary leisure – although the sum of the
2 Fate and Transport of Microplastics in Marine Ecosystems

Seafood is an important food source, and this chapter addresses the food safety concerns related to plastic particles in different seafood. Here we focus on those species which are commonly consumed by humans, such as bivalves, gastropods, cephalopods, echinoderms, crustaceans, and finfish. The objectives of this chapter are to (1) outline the major sources, fate, and transport dynamics of microplastics in marine ecosystems, (2) provide a critical assessment and synthesis of microplastics in seafood taxa commonly consumed by humans, (3) discuss the implications of microplastics with regard to human health risk assessments, and (4) suggest future research priorities and recommendations for assessing microplastics in marine ecosystems in the context of global food security and ocean and human health.
▶Adjuncts to Transfusion: Fibrinogen Concentrate

Head Injury ▶Neurotrauma, Anesthesia Management ▶Neurotrauma, Prognosis and Outcome Predictions # Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2015 P.J. Papadakos, M.L. Gestring (eds.), Encyclopedia of Traum DOI 10.1007/978-3-642-29613-0 ▶Traumatic Brain Injury, Anesthesia for ▶Traumatic Brain Injury, Emergency Department Care ▶Traumatic Brain Injury, Mild (mTBI) ▶Traumatic Brain Injury, Severe: Medical and Surgical Management
Regularity of Dirac-harmonic maps with -curvature term in higher dimensions

In this paper, we will study the partial regularity for stationary Dirac-harmonic maps with λ-curvature term. For a weakly stationary Dirac-harmonic map with λ-curvature term (φ, ψ) from a smooth bounded open domain ⊂ Rm with m ≥ 2 to a compact Riemannian manifold N , if ψ ∈ W 1,p( ) for some p > 2m 3 , we prove that (φ, ψ) is smooth outside a closed singular set whose (m − 2)-dimensional Hausdorff measure is zero. Furthermore, if the target manifold N does not admit any harmonic sphere Sl , l = 2, . ,m−1, then (φ, ψ) is smooth. Mathematics Subject Classification 53C43 · 58E20
Measuring Environmental Attitudes and Behaviors

This chapter1 discusses the basis of our approach, situating it in the existing research on environmental attitudes and behaviors and presenting related scales and surveys. First, the concepts of environmental attitudes and behaviors are discussed with a special emphasis on behavior that has an impact on the environment. Subsequently, the key empirical findings on the factors shaping these attitudes and behaviors will be presented. Afterward, we describe the measurement variants of these dimensions. In particular, the focus is on the measurement of environmental attitudes and behaviors in surveys and on the sub-dimension of emissions-related behavior, which has rarely been included in social science surveys. Finally, obstacles to the inclusion of emission-relevant questions in the survey context are identified.
Machine Learning in Stroke Medicine: Opportunities and Challenges for Risk Prediction and Prevention

Precision medicine aims to individualize prevention, diagnostics, and therapeutics by understanding differences in individuals’ genetics, lifestyle, and environment [2]. Over the past years, we have been witnessing an unprecedented push toward a more data-driven approach in healthcare that promises to take precision medicine to the next level, in part through artificial intelligence (AI). Simply put, AI can be understood as a set of sophisticated computational methods that seek to mimic human cognitive functions, including visual perception, speech recognition, and decision-making [3, 4]. AI uses certain machine learning (ML) algorithms to “learn” features from large datasets [3] and recognize patterns that are often invisible to the human eye [5–7]. Capitalizing on the availability of big data and ever-increasing computational power and storage capacities [1, 8], these novel tools seek to improve population health and well-being and to reduce healthcare costs. A surge in scientific publications documents the potential to harness artificial intelligence in healthcare to prevent, diagnose, and treat diseases [9]. One of the pressing disease areas in focus for AI researchers is stroke, a leading cause of disability and mortality worldwide [3, 8]. Researchers aim to develop applications to optimize stroke diagnosis, treatment, and rehabilitation [10–12], and they also use AI to better understand risk. Several well-established risk prediction models have
Hannah Arendt’s Hidden Phenomenology of the Body

Amongst the Arendtian scholars, there is almost a consensus on Arendt’s supposedly reluctance to the question of the body. The Arendtian body is said to belong to the unpolitical realm of necessity, in other words, the body is a private matter that should not appear in public. It is antipolitical. However, in this paper, I want to suggest that there is a possibility to outline a phenomenology of embodied political action in what I think to be Arendt’s hidden phenomenology of the body. To make my point, I will first show that what the scholars call the Arendtian body is in fact an Arendtian Body. Secondly, in the German version of The Human Condition, Arendt surprisingly used the Heideggerian term Befindlichkeit (disposition) that, I will argue, outline the basis of a political phenomenology of the body in Arendt’s work. More precisely, I will try to show that political action is embodied, that there is a hexis, a pathos and an ethos of action.
Unsafe Behaviors and Anabolic Steroid Use implications for public health

Anabolic-androgenic steroids (AAS), more colloquially termed anabolic steroids, consist of testosterone and synthetic testosterone derivatives. Unlike classic drugs Running Title (Short Title): Anabolic Steroid Abuse E. J. Ip (*) Clinical Sciences Department, Touro University California College of Pharmacy, Vallejo, CA, USA Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA e-mail: eip@touro.edu; ericip@stanford.edu M. D. Silva Clinical Sciences Department, Touro University California College of Pharmacy, Vallejo, CA, USA e-mail: msilva5@student.touro.edu © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2022 V. B. Patel, V. R. Preedy(eds.), Handbook of Substance Misuse and Addictions, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-67928-6_134-1 1 of abuse which have been around for many decades or centuries, AAS initially started among athletes in the 1950s and spread to the general male population in the 1980s. The majority of AAS users classify themselves as recreational exercisers rather than athletes or bodybuilders and are primarily motivated to use AAS to increase muscle mass and strength and enhance appearance. AAS use is not without adverse effects, particularly when supraphysiologic doses are being used. The chapter goes on to discuss research detailing AAS users engaging in polypharmacy, risky injection practices, high-risk sexual behaviors, and illicit drugs as well as discussing the impact of AAS use on mental health and crime.
Soil N

Faeces from cows with different milk yield and non-lactating cows were applied to soil to investigate whether soil N2O efflux is related to feeding-induced differences in faecal microbiome and abundances of nitrification and denitrification genes. Fungal 18S-rRNA gene abundance was the highest in the faeces of the non-lactating group. The 18S-rRNA/ergosterol ratio showed a strong positive correlation with the 18S-rRNA/fungal glucosamine ratio. The milk-yield groups did not affect the gene abundances of bacterial 16S rRNA, AOB amoA, nirS and nosZ clade I, or the 16S-rRNA/muramic acid (MurN) ratio. In contrast, nirK gene abundance was generally the lowest in the high-yield group. The 16S-rRNA/MurN ratio showed a strong positive correlation with the 16S-rRNA/bacterial PLFA ratio. Cow faeces application to soil increased microbial biomass and ergosterol contents as well as the gene abundances of 18S-rRNA and nosZ clade I, compared with the non-amended control soil. Cumulative ΣCO2 efflux was roughly twice as high as the control, without differences between the faeces treatments. Cumulative ΣN2O efflux showed a 16-fold increase after applying high-yield cow faeces to soil, which was above the sevenfold increase in the non-lactating faeces treatment. The ΣN2O efflux from soil was positively related to faecal MurN and total PLFA concentration but also to soil nirK at day 14. The comparison of genome markers with cell wall (glucosamine) and cell membrane components (ergosterol) showed that the fungal cells were much larger in energy-rich faeces than in C-limited soil. A cow diet reduced in protein decreased the ΣN2O efflux from faeces amended soil.
In Vivo Mycobacterium tuberculosis to Virulence of Suboptimal Antigen Presentation Contributes

Mycobacterium tuberculosis commonly causes persistent or chronic infection, despite the development of Ag-speciﬁc CD4 T cell responses. We hypothesized that M. tuberculosis evades elimination by CD4 T cell responses by manipulating MHC class II Ag presentation and CD4 T cell activation and tested this hypothesis by comparing activation of Ag85B-speciﬁc CD4 T cell responses to M. tuberculosis and M. bovis bacillus Calmette–Gue´rin (BCG) Pasteur in vivo and in vitro. We found that, although M. tuberculosis persists in lungs of immunocompetent mice, M. bovis BCG is cleared, and clearance is T cell dependent. We further discovered that M. tuberculosis –infected macrophages and dendritic cells activate Ag85B-speciﬁc CD4 T cells less efﬁciently and less effectively than do BCG-infected cells, in vivo and in vitro, despite higher production and secretion of Ag85B by M. tuberculosis . During BCG infection, activation of Ag85B-speciﬁc CD4 T cells requires fewer infected dendritic cells and fewer Ag-producing bacteria than during M. tuberculosis infection. When dendritic cells containing equivalent numbers of M. tuberculosis or BCG were transferred to mice, BCG-infected cells activated proliferation of more Ag85B-speciﬁc CD4 T cells than did M. tuberculosis –infected cells. Differences in Ag85B-speciﬁc CD4 T cell activation were attributable to differential Ag presentation rather than differential expression of costimulatory or inhibitory molecules. These data indicate that suboptimal Ag presentation contributes to persistent infection and that limiting Ag presentation is a virulence property of M. tuberculosis . The Journal of Immunology , 2016, 196: 000–000.
S3×Z4 × Z2 symmetry for normal neutrino mass ordering

We propose a non-renormalizable B − L model with S3×Z4 × Z2 symmetry which successfully accommodates the current active–sterile neutrino mixing in 3 + 1 scheme. The S3 flavor symmetry is supplemented by Z4⊗Z2 symmetry to consolidate the Yukawa interaction of the model. The presence of S3⊗Z4⊗Z2 flavour symmetry plays an important role in generating the desired structure of the neutrino mass matrix. The model can reproduce the recent observed active-neutrino neutrino oscillation data for normal ordering in which two sterile–active mixing angles θ14,24 get the best-fit values and the obtained values of θ34, δ14, δ14, the sum of neutrino mass and the effective neutrino masses are within their currently allowed ranges.
AWell-Balanced SPH-ALE Scheme for ShallowWater Applications

In this work, a new discretization of the source term of the shallow water equations with nonflat bottom geometry is proposed to obtain a well-balanced scheme. A Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics Arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian formulation based on Riemann solvers is presented to solve the SWE.Moving-Least Squares approximations are used to compute highorder reconstructions of the numerical fluxes and, stability is achieved using the a posteriori MOOD paradigm. Several benchmark 1D and 2D numerical problems are considered to test and validate the properties and behavior of the presented schemes.
Exact results for $Z_m^{\rm OS}$ and $Z_2^{\rm OS}$ with two mass scales and up to three loops

We consider the on-shell mass and wave function renormalization constants $Z_m^{\rm OS}$ and $Z_2^{\rm OS}$ up to three-loop order allowing for a second non-zero quark mass. We obtain analytic results in terms of harmonic polylogarithms and iterated integrals with the additional letters $\sqrt{1-\tau^2}$ and $\sqrt{1-\tau^2}/\tau$ which extends the findings from Ref. [1] where only numerical expressions are presented. Furthermore, we provide terms of order ${\cal O}(\epsilon^2)$ and ${\cal O}(\epsilon)$ at two- and three-loop order which are crucial ingrediants for a future four-loop calculation. Compact results for the expansions around the zero-mass, equal-mass and large-mass cases allow for a fast high-precision numerical evaluation.
B̄ 0 , B − and B̄ 0 s decays into J / ψ and K K̄ or πη

We study the B̄0 s → J/ψK+K−, B̄0 → J/ψK+K−, B− → J/ψK 0K−, B̄0 → J/ψπ0η and B− → J/ψπ−η decays and compare their mass distributions with those obtained for the B̄0 s → J/ψπ+π− and B̄0 → J/ψπ+π−. The approach followed consist in a factorization of the weak part and the hadronization part into a factor which is common to all the processes. Then what makes the reactions different are some trivial Cabibbo– Kobayashi–Maskawa matrix elements and the weight by which the different pairs of mesons appear in a primary step plus their final state interaction. These elements are part of the theory and thus, up to a global normalization factor, all the invariant mass distributions are predicted with no free parameters. Comparison is made with the limited experimental information available. Further comparison of these results with coming LHCb measurements will be very valuable to make progress in our understanding of the meson–meson interaction and the nature of the low lying scalar meson resonances, f0(500), f0(980) and a0(980).
The energetics of a semi-Lagrangian dynamical core

The dependence of the energetics of the new Met Office semi-Lagrangian dynamical core on resolution, departure point calculation and diffusion are investigated and compared with results from the old Eulerian model at resolutions typically used for climate modelling. At a typical climate model resolution the semiLagrangian core energetics differ from the Eulerian. The most significant difference is lower transient eddy kinetic energy in the semi-Lagrangian core. Increasing horizontal resolution increases the transient eddy kinetic energy. Vertical resolution and time resolution have only a small impact on the energetics. The energetics of the dynamical core show a strong sensitivity to the departure point calculation; higher order schemes increase the transient eddy kinetic energy of the dynamical core.