Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
NUTRITIONAL VALUE AND NATURAL OCCURRENCE OF MYCOBIOTA AND AFLTOXINS IN WHEAT and maize GRAINS

The results of this study revealed that the values of moisture contents significantly increased while ash and carbohydrate were significantly decreased with storage. The change in the crude protein, fat and fiber contents of wheat grain samples were not significantly affected. Alternaria alternata (45.3% of the total propagules) followed by Aspergillus (13.3%) with A. flavus and A. niger (5.42% each) are the most common in freshly harvested wheat grains. Rarely occurred aspergilla include A. candidus, A. fumigatus and A. ochraceus. Rhizopus (1 species, 16.26%) and Mucor (2, 11.82%) followed by Penicillium (1, 4.93%) and Fusarium (3, 3.45%) were also dominant. On the other hand, Aspergillus, Eurotium and Penicillium dominated in stored grains on almost both isolation media. A. flavus, A. niger, E. chevalieri, E. repens, E. rubrum, P. aurantiogriseum, P. chrysogenum and P. expansum were the most common species. With respect to maize grains, A. niger followed by A. flavus were common on both freshly harvested and stored kernels, while Eurotium represented by E. chevalieri and E. rubrum on stored maize only. Total aflatoxin level in all local and imported samples tested was ≤ 10 µg kg-1 using both analytical methods (HPLC and Kits) in both freshly and stored wheat and maize grain samples which is below the permissible limit.
HISTOLOGICAL AND IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL STUDIES OF THE CORNEA OF SOME ANIMAL SPECIES; I. REAPPRAISAL OF CHOLINERGIC INNERVATION

The corneas of rat, mouse and guinea pig were investigated usinglight and electron microscopy as well as immunohistochemistry. We,here, examined the cholinergic structures in the cornea by immunohistochemistryfor choline acetyltransferase of the two forms, the alternativesplice variant from choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) cDNA preferentiallylocated in peripheral nerves (pChAT) and the common type (cChAT). Positive staining for cChAT was found only in non-neuronal epithelialcells, while pChAT positive staining occurred exclusively in nervefibers being distributed throughout the cornea. Such pChAT positivenerve axons were frequently smooth with few varicosities, except fortheir terminal swellings. The distribution pattern of pChAT positivenerves was compared with that of three neuropeptides known to befound in corneal nerves, including protein gene product 9.5 (PGP 9.5), substance P (SP) and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP). The co-localization of pChAT with either of these neuropeptides hasbeen assumed on the base of their great similarity in distributionpattern and closeness in their routes inside the cornea. From theseresults it is concluded that rat, mouse and guinea pig corneas havelittle morphological differences and have a remarkable non-neuronalcholinergic activity in their epithelium together with what can besuggested to be cholinergic nerves represented in the pChAT positivenerve fibers. The function of acetyl choline in the corneal epitheliumand the possible origin and function of corneal cholinergic nerves hasbeen discussed.
Experimental study of a pulsating round impinging jet

En vue d'ameliorer les transferts de chaleur entre un fluide et une paroi, on etudie la possibilite de controler les structures tourbillonnaires d'un jet circulaire impactant par application d'une excitation acoustique. On mesure pour cela les champs de vitesse et de temperature ainsi que les profils instantanes de pression et de la valeur locale du coefficient d'echange thermique. Les resultats montrent que les tourbillons, qui se forment dans la couche cisaillee du jet, provoquent une separation de l'ecoulement, qui n'est pas favorable au transfert thermique entre le fluide et la paroi. On observe qu'une petite modulation de la vitesse du jet influence fortement la creation des tourbillons. Pour certaines valeurs de la frequence de modulation, on observe que la circulation des tourbillons diminue et, en consequence, empeche la separation de l'ecoulement a la paroi. On montre ainsi que le coefficient d'echange peut etre influence par les modulations de vitesse appliquee au jet.
Leaf heliotropism in Pterodon pubescens, a woody legume from the Brazilian cerrado

Paraheliotropic leaflet movements were observed in Pterodon pubescens, a woody legume native to the cerrado vegetation of Central Brazil. As a result of the daily changes in orientation of the leaflets, the plants reduced the leaf area exposed to vertical radiation at midday by as much as 40%. Some leaflets were restrained in a horizontal position from 9:00 to 14:00 h. Measurements of chlorophyll a fluorescence were taken in the early morning, when all the leaflets were horizontal; at midday, in vertical and restrained, horizontal leaflets; and in late afternoon, when the leaflets had returned naturally to the horizontal position. The potential quantum yield (Fv/Fm) after 30 minutes of dark adaptation was lower in the horizontal leaflets (0.66±0.08) than in the vertical leaflets (0.74±0.03) at midday, indicating a slight photoinhibition in the horizontal position. The effective quantum yield (∆F/F’m) under conditions of natural radiation at midday was reduced to 0.13±0.06 in the horizontal leaflets, with a photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) of 1211 μmol m s, while the vertical leaflets maintained values of 0.50±0.17 with PPFD of 272 μmol m s. The electron transfer rate calculated for the leaflets in the two positions at midday was almost as high in vertical leaflets (average of 120 and maximum of 198 μmol ms) as in horizontal leaflets (average of 152 and maximum of 190 μmol m s), that were receiving four times as much radiation. In the morning the maximum electron transfer rate (250 to 300 μmol ms) was reached at an irradiance of 500 μmol m s whereas, at midday, there was no saturation in the horizontal leaflet up to irradiances of 2000 μmol m sand saturation was observed at 1500 μmol m s in the vertical leaflet with an eletron transfer rate of 400 μmol m s. The paraheliotropic movement of the leaflets of Pterodon pubescens in natural conditions maintains an elevated rate of photochemical reactions although the irradiance is drastically reduced. Additional
EFFECT OF FEEDING LOW-PROTEIN, L-LYSINE AND DL-METHIONINE-SUPPLEMENTED DIETS ON THE GROWTH PERFORMANCE AND CARCASS CHARACTERISTICS OF BROILERS

Two hundred day-old unsexed broiler (Cobb 500) chicks wererandomly distributed to four groups. The first (control) group was fedon starter (22% CP, 3100 Kcal/kg ME, 1.10% Lysine, and 0.48%Methionine) and finisher (20% CP, 3200 Kcal/Kg ME, 0.90% Lysine,and 0.35% Methionine) diets. The other three groups were fed onthree starter and finisher isocaloric isonitrogenou diets with 2% lowerprotein content than the diets of control group with addition of gradedlevels of L-lysine HCl and DL-methionine to give 120%, 140%, and160% of the NRC (2000), At the end of starting period, the increasedLysine and Methionine content of the low-protein starter's rationsdidn't affect body weight and gain but increased the feed consumptionand decreased the feed conversion ratio of the birds. At the end offinishing period, body weight, body gain, feed intake, and breast meatyield increased significantly with the increasing of synthetic aminoacids in the diets, while the best feed conversion ratio was obtainedwith 120% amino acids level. Plasma uric acid level increased with feeding broiler on low protein diets and with increasing of syntheticamino acids supplementation to the diets. Plasma Creatinineincreased in the birds fed on low-protein diet supplemented with thehighest synthetic amino acids level (160%). Plasma Calcium wasn'taffected by the treatment while phosphorus increased in the birds fedon low-protein, DL-Methionine and L-lysine supplemented dietscompared with the control group, which might be as indicator forenhanced growth of these groups. It could be concluded that theminimum levels of protein (20% and 18% for starting and finishingperiods, respectively) in the broiler's diets supplemented with 120% ofNRC requirements for Lysine and Methionine requirements ensure anoptimum body weights, body gains, and feed conversion ratios withreduced plasma level of Uric acid but were inadequate to produce thehighest breast meat yield.
Will Ms ever be as frequent as Mr? A corpus-based comparison of gendered terms across four diachronic corpora of British English

In order to investigate frequency and context of usage of gender marked language, four equal sized and equivalently sampled corpora of British English in a range of written genres (press, fi ction, general prose, learned writing), from 1931, 1961, 1991 and 2006 were compared. Terms that were investigated included male and female pronouns, man, woman, boy and girl, gender-related profession and role nouns such as chairman, spokesperson and policewoman, and terms of address such as Mr and Ms. Some reductions in frequencies of male terms were found over time, particularly in terms of decreases of male pronouns and Mr. However, equal frequencies did not necessarily equate with equal representation. A qualitative analysis of man and woman found that while there had been some reductions in gender stereotypes, others were being maintained (such as a lack of adjectives like successful or powerful being applied to words like woman). Additionally, the term girl was still more likely than the term boy to refer to adults, and it was oft en used in a disparaging or sexual way. The article concludes with a discussion of the sort of linguistic strategies that appear to have been successful in terms of equalising gender representation.
Consumo alimentar e padrão de refeições de adolescentes, São Paulo, Brasil

OBJETIVO: Avaliar o consumo alimentar e o padrao de refeicoes de adolescentes, Sao Paulo, Brasil. METODOS: Por meio do Recordatorio de 24 horas, avaliou-se o consumo energetico total, de macronutrientes, calcio, ferro e vitamina A e a omissao de refeicoes ou sua substituicao por lanche, de adolescentes de uma escola publica de Ilhabela. Comparou-se o consumo alimentar por grupo com a Pirâmide Alimentar do adolescente. Foi realizada analise descritiva, aplicou-se o teste Qui-quadrado (p < 0,005), alem de analise qualitativa. RESULTADOS: o consumo energetico total foi inferior ao estimado para 66% dos adolescentes, o percentual de carboidratos foi abaixo do recomendado e o de lipidios e proteinas acima do recomendado. Houve omissao do cafe da manha entre 21% dos adolescentes e um terco deles substituiu almoco ou jantar por lanche. CONCLUSAO: Os adolescentes apresentaram insuficiencia calorica na dieta e baixo consumo de frutas, verduras e legumes; o padrao de refeicoes foi satisfatorio, mas o cafe da manha deve ser incentivado.
THE HERBICIDES DALAPON AND DIURON TESTED FOR GENOTOXICITY IN Drosophila melanogaster

The herbicides dalapon and diuron, used in large quantities in Mexico, were evaluated for genotoxicity in Drosophila melanogaster. Tests for the induction of sex-linked recessive lethals were carried out with both compounds. With diuron only, a test for sex chromosome loss using a repair deficient system was carried out in addition. Under the conditions of experiments, dalapon proved negative and diuron positive in the recessive lethal test. The results obtained for the sex chromosome loss test are largely negative. There is no indication of a true genotoxic effect of diuron in this assay.
[Prevalence and factors associated with abdominal obesity and excess weight among adults from Maranhão, Brazil].

OBJECTIVE To determine the prevalence of excess body weight and abdominal obesity and assess the association with socioeconomic, demographic and behavioral factors among adults of Maranhão, Brazil. METHODS Multistage cluster sample investigated through a household survey on 1,005 adults aged 20 to 59 years (393 men and 612 women). Anthropometric measures: weight, height and waist circumference (WC) were assessed. Abdominal obesity was defined as WC > 80 for women and WC > 94 for men. Body mass index (BMI), weight in kilograms divided by the square of height in meters, > 25 kg/m² was considered excess body weight. The dependent variable was divided into four categories: normal BMI and WC, excess body weight only (EBW), abdominal obesity only (AO) and abdominal obesity with excess body weight (AOEBW). Multinomial logistic regression was used for statistical analysis and estimates took the complex sampling design into account. RESULTS Among men the prevalence of AO was 1.3%, EBW 20.3% and AOEBW 27.5%. Among women 15.5% presented AO, 1.3% EBW and 42.0% AOEBW. There was a significant statistical difference among sexes (p value < 0.001). In the multivariable analysis, among men, schooling > 9 years and living with a partner were factors associated with higher prevalence of EBW. Age > 35 years, family income > two minimum wages and living with a partner were associated with higher prevalence of AOEBW. Among women, age > 35 and living with a partner were factors associated with AO. Age > 35 years, living with a partner and schooling < 9 years were associated with a higher prevalence of AOEBW. CONCLUSION the prevalence of EBW was higher among men whereas AO prevailed among women. Factors associated with excess body weight, abdominal obesity and both excess body weight and abdominal obesity varied.
Multicenter controlled randomized clinical trial of akatinol memantine for treatment of Aizheimer's disease

Objective To evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of akatinol memantine in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Methods Two hundred and forty-one patients with AD were randomly assigned to receive 10 mg of donepezil daily or 20 mg of memantine daily for 24 weeks.The primary efficacy variables were the Clinician' s Interview-Based Impression of Change Plus (CIBIC-Plus),the Alzheimer Disease Assessment Scale-cognition (ADAS-cog) and the Activities of Daily Living (ADL). The secondary efficacy variables were the Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI) and the Mini-Mental Status Examination (MMSE). Results Two hundred and seven patients completed the study and were evaluated at week 24.Both memantine and donepezil had significant efficacies at the end point, according to the ADAS-cog, the ADL, the NPI and the MMSE.Patients receiving memantine had a similar outcome as those receiving donepezil, according to the results of all the variables changes (CIBIC-Plus: memantine 3.4±0.8vs donepezil 3.5±0.8; ADAS-cog: memantine-4.7±5.8 vs donepezil-4.6±6.5; ADL: memantine -2.4±6.7 vs donepezil-2.2±5.3 ; NP1: memantine-5.8±9.0 vs donepezil-3.1±8.5 ; MMSE:memantine 1.7±3.1 vs donepezil 1.8±2.8, all P >0.05). The adverse events were as following: donepezil group 41.88% and memanintine group 30.58%. Conclusion The memantine as a new drug for AD, has the similar efficacy as donepezil, and it is safe. Key words: Alzheimer disease; Memantine; Indans; Piperidines ; Randomized controlled trial
Effect of ergot alkaloids on liveweight gain and urine lysergol level in ewe hoggets and heifers

Ingestion of ergot alkaloids can reduce live-weight gain (LWG) in sheep and cattle. The objective of this experiment was to determine if the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for urinary lysergol level provided an accurate measure of ergot alkaloid dietary intake. Forty hoggets and 60 heifers were fed ryegrass seed containing ergovaline (EV) (0.0 to 75.0 μg EV/kg LW hogget; 0.0 to 35.0 μg EV/kg LW heifer) daily. The feeding trial was repeated after 30 days for the hoggets. Urine lysergol:creatinine ratio increased linearly for hoggets from 1.91 to 5.80 (P<0.001) and LWG was linearly suppressed from 110 to 60 g/d (P<0.01) and 30 days later, from 35 to -130 g/d (P<0.05) for intakes of 0.0 to 75.0 μg EV/kg LW. Heifer urine lysergol:creatinine ratio increased linearly from 1.60 to 5.21 and LWG declined from 1.0 to 0.85 kg/d for intakes of 0.0 to 35.0 μg EV/kg LW (P<0.05). Urinary lysergol:creatinine ratio increased by 0.056 ± 0.007 (P<0.001, r = 0.67) in hoggets and by 0.082 ± 0.006 (P<0.001, r = 0.77) in heifers, for every 1 μg EV/kg LW consumed. These studies demonstarted a strong relationship between ergot alkaloid dietary intake and urine lysergol:creatinine ratio.
Ecology of the rare but irruptive Pilliga mouse, Pseudomys pilligaensis. III. Dietary ecology

The diet of the Pilliga mouse, Pseudomys pilligaensis, was analysed from 430 faecal samples collected from ~340 individuals across different seasons over a period of five years that included a wild fire and subsequent irruption and sharp decline of the population. The primary food items in all seasons were seeds and fruits from diverse plant species, but the mice also consumed a wide range of other foods, including leaves, invertebrates, fungi and mosses. Invertebrates, the second most abundant type of food item, were eaten in all seasons but, with fungi, increased in winter and spring when consumption of seeds and fruits declined. Mice consumed significantly more fungi and mosses before the wild fire than after it. Diets differed between sites rather little in the proportions of food categories, but greatly in the relative proportions of particular seed types in the seed+fruit category. The population irruption could have been triggered by a high reproductive rate that coincided with higher consumption by females of protein-rich foods such as invertebrates and fungi. Population density collapsed at sites as soil stores of utilisable seeds became depleted, mice surviving where their diet could remain diverse.
Deep unfolding-based output feedback control design for linear systems with input saturation

In this paper, we propose a deep unfolding-based framework for the output feedback control of systems with input saturation. Although saturation commonly arises in several practical control systems, there is still a scarce of effective design methodologies that can directly deal with the severe non-linearity of the saturation operator. In this paper, we aim to design an anti-windup controller for enlarging the region of stability of the closed-loop system by learning from the numerical simulations of the closed-loop system. The data-driven framework we propose in this paper is based on a deep-learning technique called Neural Ordinary Differential Equations. Within our framework, we first obtain a candidate controller by using the deep-learning technique, which is then tested by the existing theoretical results already established in the literature, thereby avoiding the computational challenge in the conventional design methodologies as well as theoretically guaranteeing the performance of the system. Our numerical simulation shows that the proposed framework can significantly outperform a conventional design methodology based on linear matrix inequalities.
ONION: A Simple and Effective Defense Against Textual Backdoor Attacks

Backdoor attacks are a kind of emergent training-time threat to deep neural networks (DNNs). They can manipulate the output of DNNs and possess high insidiousness. In the field of natural language processing, some attack methods have been proposed and achieve very high attack success rates on multiple popular models. Nevertheless, there are few studies on defending against textual backdoor attacks. In this paper, we propose a simple and effective textual backdoor defense named ONION, which is based on outlier word detection and, to the best of our knowledge, is the first method that can handle all the textual backdoor attack situations. Experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of our model in defending BiLSTM and BERT against five different backdoor attacks. All the code and data of this paper can be obtained at https://github.com/thunlp/ONION.
The epsilon constant conjecture for higher dimensional unramified twists of 
${\mathbb Z}_p^r$
 (1)

Abstract Let $N/K$ be a finite Galois extension of p-adic number fields, and let $\rho ^{\mathrm {nr}} \colon G_K \longrightarrow \mathrm {Gl}_r({{\mathbb Z}_{p}})$ be an r-dimensional unramified representation of the absolute Galois group $G_K$ , which is the restriction of an unramified representation $\rho ^{\mathrm {nr}}_{{{\mathbb Q}}_{p}} \colon G_{{\mathbb Q}_{p}} \longrightarrow \mathrm {Gl}_r({{\mathbb Z}_{p}})$ . In this paper, we consider the $\mathrm {Gal}(N/K)$ -equivariant local $\varepsilon $ -conjecture for the p-adic representation $T = \mathbb Z_p^r(1)(\rho ^{\mathrm {nr}})$ . For example, if A is an abelian variety of dimension r defined over ${{\mathbb Q}_{p}}$ with good ordinary reduction, then the Tate module $T = T_p\hat A$ associated to the formal group $\hat A$ of A is a p-adic representation of this form. We prove the conjecture for all tame extensions $N/K$ and a certain family of weakly and wildly ramified extensions $N/K$ . This generalizes previous work of Izychev and Venjakob in the tame case and of the authors in the weakly and wildly ramified case.
Shift equivalences through the lens of
Cuntz–Krieger algebras

Motivated by Williams' problem of measuring novel differences between shift equivalence (SE) and strong shift equivalence (SSE), we introduce three equivalence relations that provide new ways to obstruct SSE while merely assuming SE. Our shift equivalence relations arise from studying graph C*-algebras, where a variety of intermediary equivalence relations naturally arise. As a consequence we realize a goal sought after by Muhly, Pask and Tomforde, measure a delicate difference between SSE and SE in terms of Pimsner dilations for C*-correspondences of adjacency matrices, and use this distinction to refute a proof from a previous paper.
Phase randomness in a gain-switched semiconductor laser: stochastic differential equation analysis

We performed theoretical analysis of the phase randomness in a gain-switched semiconductor laser in the context of its application as a quantum entropy source. Numerical simulations demonstrate that phase diffusion r.m.s. exhibits non-linear dependence on the bias current, which could be of significant practical importance, particularly, in application to high-speed optical quantum random number generators. It is shown that phase diffusion between laser pulses cannot always be assumed to exhibit required efficiency, particularly, at high pulse repetition rates. It was also revealed that the gain saturation significantly affects the r.m.s. value of the phase diffusion and, in essence, determines the degree of non-linearity of its dependence on the pump current.
Experiences from Large-Scale Model Checking: Verifying a Vehicle Control System with NuSMV

In the age of autonomously driving vehicles, functionality and complexity of embedded systems are increasing tremendously. Safety aspects become more important and require such systems to operate with the highest possible level of fault tolerance. Simulation and systematic testing techniques often reach their limits in this regard. Here, formal verification as a long established technique can be an appropriate complement. However, the necessary preparatory work like adequately modeling a system and specifying properties in temporal logic are anything but trivial. In this paper, we report on our experiences applying model checking to verify the arbitration logic of a Vehicle Control System. We balance pros and cons of different model checking techniques and tools, and reason about our choice of the symbolic model checker NuSMV. We describe the process of modeling the architecture, resulting in ∼1500 LOC, 69 state variables and 38 LTL constraints. To handle this large-scale model, we automate and optimize the model checking procedure for use on multi-core CPUs and employ Bounded Model Checking to avoid the state explosion problem. We share our lessons learned and provide valuable insights for architects, developers, and test engineers involved in this highly present topic.