Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Rayleigh crosstalk in long cascades of distributed unsaturated Raman amplifiers

Rayleigh crosstalk caused by the double Rayleigh reflection of a signal is investigated in long systems consisting of distributed Raman amplifiers. A simple equation for the crosstalk-to-signal ratio is presented and it is shown that bidirectional pumping reduces crosstalk. Power penalties arising from the crosstalk are evaluated using a Gaussian crosstalk model.
Nasal Flow Simulation Using Heat and Humidity Models

The nasal cavity performs several important functions for the inhaled air, such as temperature and humidity adjustments. Although it is necessary to obtain velocity, temperature, and humidity distributions during inhalation in order to understand the nasal cavity's functions, it is difficult to measure them noninvasively in the nasal cavity. Therefore, we have continued to study nasal flow simulation with heat and humidity transport. In such a simulation, the governing equations include a continuum equation and the equations describing momentum, energy, and water transport. The temperature and humidity of the inhaled air are adjusted by heat and water exchange on the nasal cavity wall's surface. Therefore, in the simulation, these roles of the wall in the energy and water transport equations were included as the boundary conditions. Although in related studies of nasal flow simulation with heat and humidity transport, the nasal cavity wall's surface temperature and humidity were constant, here they were treated as degrees of using Newton's cooling law. A flow including temperature and humidity in a realistic human nasal cavity shape was simulated. The simulation results agreed well with the measurements reported by Keck at al. Therefore, this study concludes that our model can simulate the heat and humidity exchange occurring in the nasal cavity. In addition, it was found that the temperature and humidity adjustment functions worked effectively in the front and narrow regions of the nasal cavity.
Route Path Selection Optimization Scheme Based Link Quality Estimation and Critical Switch Awareness for Software Defined Networks

Software-defined network (SDN) is a new paradigm that decouples the control plane and data plane. This offered a more flexible way to efficiently manage the network. However, the increasing number of traffics due to the proliferation of the Internet of Things (IoT) devices also increase the number of flow arrival which in turn causes flow rules to change more often, and similarly, path setup requests increased. These events required route path computation activities to take place immediately to cope with the new network changes. Searching for an optimal route might be costly in terms of the time required to calculate a new path and update the corresponding switches. However, the current path selection schemes considered only single routing metrics either link or switch operation. Incorporating link quality and switch’s role during path selection decisions have not been considered. This paper proposed Route Path Selection Optimization (RPSO) with multi-constraint. RPSO introduced joint parameters based on link and switches such as Link Latency (LL), Link Delivery Ratio (LDR), and Critical Switch Frequency Score (CWFscore). These metrics encourage path selection with better link quality and a minimal number of critical switches. The experimental results show that the proposed scheme reduced path stretch by 37%, path setup latency by 73% thereby improving throughput by 55.73%, and packet delivery ratio by 12.5% compared to the baseline work.
Copgraph beetles in the conservation of the dry forest of the Enrique Quintero Arenas Botanical Garden, UFPS-Ocaña

The coprophages are a group of individuals of great importance in the ecological dynamism of natural areas given their specific adaptability of the species and their relationship to their distribution since it influences the quality and quantity of the resources they need for their development. In this sense, a study of mangrove coprophages in the dry inter-Andean forest on the grounds of the Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander Ocaña, as a fundamental basis for the in situ conservation of natural areas. For the taxa collection, it was carried out by random sampling within the area, using Pitfall traps made with 16-ounce vessels; inside they contained alcohol and soapy water for the capture and preservation of the species, where the attractant used was decomposing meat and pig manure. The traps were arranged in four sites (M1, M2, M3, and M4), with 15 traps in each of them. In total 824 individuals were registered, distributed in thirteen species, where the abundant corresponds to Canthidium aurifex, Eurysternus scarabaeus and Canthidium sp with 799 (96.96%) toral individuals; while 3.4% (25) of the species with six and one individual correspond to Oryctes nasicornis, Odontotaenius disjunctus, Monochamus sp, Hololepta quadridentata, Calathus fuscipes, Neoathyreus exacavatus, Onthophagus striatulus, Dichotomous sp, Copris lunares, Eurysternus marmoreusIn this way, the differences of two zones are documented, one with acidic to slightly acidic soils and another abundant in phosphates and little organic matter, given that the greater information of coprophages is influenced by environmental variables, in addition this abundance is related to abrupt edges adjacent to agricultural farms, where land tenure has changed the structure and functioning of the landscape typical of anthropic areas.
Independently Rotating Wheel Systems for Railway Vehicles-A State of the Art Review

SUMMARY This paper surveys the state-of-the-art in the field of Independently Rotating Wheel systems (IRW) for railway vehicles. Various methods that have been adopted to provide guidance capability to the system are discussed. Results of the stability and response characteristics of such systems obtained through both experimental and analytical efforts by various researchers are reviewed. Some critical research needs are identified.
Does Institutional Quality Influence the Oil price-economic Growth Nexus: Evidence from African Oil Exporting Economies

The primary contribution of this study is to investigate how institutional quality affects the relationship between the oil price changes and economic growth on net oil exporters in African countries split into net oil exporters and net oil importers. Whether oil price changes are good for the growth patterns of African economies lies on the interaction between oil prices and institutional quality. Oil price increases for oil exporting economies result in increased revenue which will be distributed to economic boosters of the economy however, the net effect of such revenues to the economies solely depends on how institutions distribute the oil rents to the various sectors of the economy. In contrast to the traditional direct effect of oil price changes to economic growth, this study shows that the impact of oil price on economic growth is non-monotonic in institutional quality. Oil exporting economies can benefit from oil price increase if they have good institutions. This has been assessed by including an interaction term, oil price-institutional quality, in the Panel Auto-Regressive (PARDL) using the Pooled Mean Group (PMG) model. Such a methodological framework has an added advantage over other model as it allows for modelling of data with different orders of integration. The PMG estimator allows the intercepts, short-run coefficient, and the error variance to differ freely across groups while the long-run coefficients are the same. Using data from 1990 to 2016, it is revealed that the sign of the coefficient interaction is positive and significant as theoretically expected. Furthermore, the coefficient of the interaction term is greater than the coefficient of oil price as anticipated. This would mean that as long as institutional quality is good enough, oil price changes positively influence economic performance on oil exporting economies. As such, the findings of this thesis have important policy implications. Since implementation of quality institutions is an on-going process, the study results suggest that institutions should be strengthened towards economic activities rather than for political mileage.
Patterns of Care and Treatment Pathways for Non-Surgically Managed Early and Locally Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Patients at Ain Shams University Clinical Oncology Department: a Retrospective and Descriptive Analysis

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death worldwide, but little is known about how patients with this disease are managed. We aim to study patterns of care and treatment pathways of non- surgically managed early and locally advanced NSCLC patients from January 2015 to December 2018 in Ain Shams University Clinical Oncology Department. In this retrospective analysis we included patients the met the following criteria; age >18, histologically confirmed NSCLC patients whom didn’t undergo surgical resection with at least 6 months of follow up data. We collected data from Clinical Oncology department archive in Ain Shams university hospital. Our primary objective is to identify the patterns of care and treatment pathway for non surgically managed NSCLC patients in ASUCOD from January 2015 to December 2018. 86 patients finally met our inclusion criteria. Median age at diagnosis of 61 years with a range of (38-85), 95.3% were male. Most of the patients were stage III; 40.7% were stage IIIA, 41.9% were stage IIIB, and 9.3% were stage IIIC. 41 were treated radically, 37 received palliative treatment and only 8 patients received supportive care. Overall median progression free survival in our patients was 9.23 (7.4-13.5) and overall survival duration was13.4 (9.5-18.0). In radically treated patients, 68.3% received sequential chemoradiotherapy (sCRT), 29.2% received concurrent chemoradiotherapy (cCRT) or 2.4% received definitive radiotherapy alone (RT). In palliative treated patients, 73% received chemotherapy alone (CTX), 8.1% received palliative RT and 18.9% received both chemotherapy and palliative dose of radiotherapy (CRT). All treatment modalities were similar regarding median progression free survival and overall survival durations, 17.5 (3.6–19.6) and 20.6 (3.6–31.6) in cCRT, 17.5 (3.6–19.6) and 23.3 (17.7–31.2) in sCRT, 12.9 and 13.4 RT group, P value=0.57 and 0.16 receptively. Similarly, progression free survival and overall survival durations were 8.8 (3.0–15.8) and 16.2 (3.6–18.7) in CRT, 5.3 (0.4–7.6) and 8.6 (6.2–10.2) in CTX, 8.5 (0.4–8.5) and 8.5 (0.4–8.5) in palliative RT group, P value=0.64 and 0.15 receptively. In our study, first-line chemotherapy were Gemcitabine plus Cisplatin (41.9%) or Carboplatin (35.1%). The Second -line chemotherapy were Docetaxel (63.1%) or Paclitaxel plus Carboplatin (26.3%). Paclitaxel plus Carboplatin were the most regimen given with RT. Most of the patients received radiation dose of 60Gy/30Fr (73.2%). Regarding the incidence of toxicity, there were significant high rates of esophagitis in cCRT in grade 3 or more compared to sCRT. We have found that less than half of this study population were treated radically while the other half received palliative treatment. And only few patients received best supportive care. Radically treated patients had higher progression free survival and overall survival durations compared to palliative and supportive treatment.
Doppler spectrogram analysis of human gait via iterative adaptive approach

Doppler spectrogram analysis of the human gait is a useful tool for discriminating various microDoppler tracks due to the movements of different body parts. A data-dependent algorithm, namely the short-time iterative adaptive approach, is used to obtain a more accurate spectrogram than the one provided by the conventional short-time Fourier transform-based approaches. The performance of the approaches is demonstrated and contrasted using both simulated and measured human gait data.
AI-Based Vehicular Network toward 6G and IoT: Deep Learning Approaches

In recent years, vehicular networks have become increasingly large, heterogeneous, and dynamic, making it difficult to meet strict requirements of ultralow latency, high reliability, high security, and massive connections for next generation (6G) networks. Recently, deep learning (DL) has emerged as a powerful artificial intelligence (AI) technique to optimize the efficiency and adaptability of vehicle and wireless communication. However, rapidly increasing absolute numbers of vehicles on the roads are leading to increased automobile accidents, many of which are attributable to drivers interacting with their mobile phones. To address potentially dangerous driver behavior, this study applies deep learning approaches to image recognition to develop an AI-based detection system that can detect potentially dangerous driving behavior. Multiple convolutional neural network (CNN)-based techniques including VGG16, VGG19, Densenet, and Openpose were compared in terms of their ability to detect and identify problematic driving.
How to Improve Students' Analytical Ability: Using Sparkol Videoscribe Assisted by PhET Simulation

The Covid-19 pandemic caused the learning process to carried out online, and to improve students' analytical skills, it was necessary to have supporting media in the online learning process. So that this study aims to determine the feasibility of physics learning media using Sparkol Videoscribe assisted by PhET simulation to improve students' analytical skills in terms of the validity, practicality, and effectiveness of the media developed. This study uses the ADDIE research model, namely analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation. The subject of this research is the students of class X MIPA MA Syamsul Huda Kedungreja. Data collection techniques used are validation sheets, student response questionnaires, observation sheets, and learning outcomes tests. The results of this study indicate that: (1) the validation results obtained from the validator expert get a value of 3.84 by material experts and 3.85 by media experts include a very good category, so it can be said to be valid, (2) physics learning media using Sparkol Vvideoscribe is practical because it can be carried out in limited trials and broad trials well, and gets a positive response from students, (3) the results of the analytical ability test increase learning outcomes with an N-gain of 0.71 including the category high, so it is declared effective. Thus the physics learning media using sparkol videoscribe assisted by PhET simulation in this study is declared valid, practical, and effective so that it is feasible to use it to improve students' analytical skills
Individual Carbon Dioxide Emissions and Potential for Reduction in the Netherlands and the United Kingdom

Using National Travel Survey (NTS) data from the Netherlands and the United Kingdom, this paper examines how passenger transport emissions are divided across society and how similar this distribution is across these two countries. By looking across a series of data over time, the paper examines the relationships between socioeconomic characteristics and individual greenhouse gas emissions, the stability of these relationships over time, and the extent to which these relationships are similar in these two countries. Suitable policy measures for different socioeconomic groups are then examined. The general effectiveness and acceptability of these measures are then discussed by drawing on pan-European (Euro-barometer) survey results. Analyses of the NTS data reveal that about 10% of the Dutch population is responsible for almost half of all travel-related carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions in the Netherlands. Similarly, in the United Kingdom, about 20% of the population is responsible for 60% of the passenger–transportation-related CO2 emissions. Analysis of pan-European opinion surveys shows that there is a clear awareness among the majority of the population that the type of car and the way in which it is used have important impacts on the environment. Despite this awareness, however, only a minority seem prepared to take action to reduce the environmental consequences of their travel behavior. The study supports the argument that the willingness to change behavior is a complex mixture of individual and social interests. A major challenge is how to encourage changes in behavior to reduce transport emissions with the right policies at the right time in the right place.
Modeling of control loop behavior of magamp post regulators

Small-signal control models are presented for a magamp switching-mode post regulator. Two commonly used current reset schemes are considered: an external reset scheme and a self-reset scheme. Models for both continuous and discontinuous modes of operation are presented. It is mathematically shown that the open-loop gain is a two-pole, single-zero transfer function for continuous-mode operation and a single-pole function for discontinuous-mode operation. The equations for predicting the loop gains for both types of reset circuits are derived and verified experimentally. It is shown that the loop gain characteristics of a magamp regulator depend on power circuit parameters, the reset circuit parameters, and the saturable reactor parameters. Therefore, in a normal design procedure of a magamp, if the design parameters of the saturable reactor are changed, a corresponding change of the compensation network must be made to optimize the control performance. The models presented provide the designer with a tool to facilitate the feedback loop design of a voltage-mode magamp post regulator. <<ETX>>
Secondary metabolites of a marine-derived Penicillium ochrochloron

Extremophilic fungi have received considerable attention recently as new promising sources of biologically active compounds with potential pharmaceutical applications. This study investigated the secondary metabolites of a marine-derived Penicillium ochrochloron isolated from underwater sea sand collected from the North Sea in St. Peter-Ording, Germany. Standard techniques were used for fungal isolation, taxonomic identification, fermentation, extraction, and isolation of fungal secondary metabolites. Chromatographic separation and spectroscopic analyses of the fungal secondary metabolites yielded eight compounds: talumarin A (1), aspergillumarin A (2), andrastin A (3), clavatol (4), 3-acetylphenol (5), methyl 2,5-dihydro-4-hydroxy-5-oxo-3-phenyl-2-furanpropanoate (6), emodin (7) and 2-chloroemodin (8). After co-cultivation with Bacillus subtilis, the fungus was induced to express (-)-striatisporolide A (9). Compound 1 was evaluated for antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Acinetobacter baumannii, Mycobacterium smegmatis, and M. tuberculosis, as well as cytotoxicity against THP-1 cells. The compound, however, was not cytotoxic to THP-1 cells and had no antibacterial activity against the microorganisms tested. The compounds isolated from P. ochrochloron in this study are well-known compounds with a wide range of beneficial biological properties that can be explored for pharmaceutical, agricultural, or industrial applications. This study highlights the bioprospecting potential of marine fungi and confirms co-cultivation as a useful strategy for the discovery of new natural products.
DOING IT RIGHT, BUT GETTING IT WRONG: BEST PRACTICES FOR REFUGEE FOCUSED INCUBATORS

In response to the rising numbers of refugees worldwide, many aid organizations suggest entrepreneurship as a preferred route to refugee economic self-reliance in a new country. Incubators have long provided assistance to nascent entrepreneurs and are utilized worldwide to offer support to entrepreneurial businesses. Yet, little research examines refugee-focused incubators or considers refugee-specific constraints. Herein, we argue that refugee status has specific implications for how refugee entrepreneurs accumulate and deploy human, social and financial capital. Thus, refugee status affects the types of services transitioning refugees require from incubators. This paper considers refugee-specific resources and uses a case study approach to investigate resource provision in a refugee-focused incubator in the United States. We find that even when an incubator follows best practices in terms of service provision, it may still miss the mark in terms of meeting key resource needs of refugees. Specifically, this paper illuminates how refugee entrepreneurs need (more) incubator support in terms of (1) addressing mental health in service provision, (2) building community within the incubator and (3) balancing financial tradeoffs associated with culturally-based businesses. Findings are novel when tied to a resource-based lens and help build theory regarding entrepreneurship among less-served populations.
Understanding Informed Design through Trade-Off Decisions With an Empirically-Based Protocol for Students and Design Educators

Trade-off decisions, which necessitate striking a balance between two or more desirable but competing features, are a crucial part of design practice. However, they are known to be difficult for student designers to make. While designers, educators, and researchers have numerous methods to assess the quality of design artifacts, these methods are not necessarily easy to use, nor do they indicate design competency. Moreover, they are not grounded in a definition of engineering design. The objectives of this study were twofold. First, we developed a protocol to depict design artifact quality through the lens of design trade-off decisions. We aimed to produce a protocol that:(1) encompasses multiple complementary and competing dimensions, (2) can be applied consistently and systematically, and (3) indicates design competency. We conceptualized a quantitative representation of the degree to which a design artifact addresses human, technical, and economic requirements called the Trade-off Value Protocol. Second, we tested the Trade-off Value Protocol by applying it to 398 middle school students’ design artifacts of energy-efficient homes. We used an etic approach of thematic analysis to identify the patterns of variation therein. We found five distinct patterns of variation in the set of student design artifacts, which suggested certain trends in the way that students address design dimensions and demonstrate varying levels of design competency. The Trade-off Value Protocol isolates an important feature of design competency with which beginning designers often struggle and could be a tool for educators to help students become more informed designers.
Association of Serum Biomarkers With Pulmonary Involvement of Rheumatoid Arthritis Interstitial Lung Disease: From KORAIL Cohort Baseline Data

Objective The increase in mortality in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients with interstitial lung disease (ILD) is well known However, there are few studies on serum markers that can evaluate acute exacerbation or prognosis in RA-ILD patients The purpose of this study was to identify the association between biomarkers and lung lesions in patients with RA-ILD Methods We analyzed 153 patients with serum samples in a prospective, multicenter cohort of Korean RA-ILD patients The serum levels of biomarkers, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP-7), surfactant protein-D (SP-D), and Krebs von den Lungen-6 (KL-6) were measured and correlated with forced vital capacity (FVC), diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide (DLCO) and the results of computed tomography (CT) CT results were interpreted semi-quantitatively according to the extent of lung lesions (grade 1, 0%∼25%; grade 2, 26%∼50%; grade 3, 51%∼75%; grade 4, 76%∼100%) Results MMP-7, SP-D, and KL-6 were negatively correlated with FVC (MMP-7, r=−0267, p=0001; SP-D, r=−0250, p=0002; KL-6, r=−0223, p=0006) and DLCO (MMP-7, r=−0404, p<0001; SP-D, r=−0286, p=0001; KL-6, r=−0226, p=0007) In addition, MMP-7, SP-D, and KL-6 tended to increase with higher grades of lung lesions on CT (MMP-7, p=0013; SP-D, p<0001; KL-6, p<0001) Conclusion MMP-7, SP-D, and KL-6 can be used to evaluate the functional and anatomical status of lung involvement in the RA-ILD patients