Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Spatial Variation in Coastal Dune Evolution in a High Tidal Range Environment

Coastal dunes have global importance as ecological habitats, recreational areas, and vital natural coastal protection. Dunes evolve due to variations in the supply and removal of sediment via both wind and waves, and on stabilization through vegetation colonization and growth. One aspect of dune evolution that is poorly understood is the longshore variation in dune response to morphodynamic forcing, which can occur over small spatial scales. In this paper, a fixed wing unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), is used to measure the longshore variation in evolution of a dune system in a megatidal environment. Dune sections to the east and west of the study site are prograding whereas the central portion is static or eroding. The measured variation in dune response is compared to mesoscale intertidal bar migration and short-term measurements of longshore variation in wave characteristics during two storms. Intertidal sand bar migration is measured using satellite imagery: crescentic intertidal bars are present in front of the accreting portion of the beach to the west and migrate onshore at a rate of 0.1–0.2 m/day; episodically the eastern end of the bar detaches from the main bar and migrates eastward to attach near the eastern end of the study area; bypassing the central eroding section. Statistically significant longshore variation in intertidal wave heights were measured using beachface mounted pressure transducers: the largest significant wave heights are found in front of the dune section suffering erosion. Spectral differences were noted with more narrow-banded spectra in this area but differences are not statistically significant. These observations demonstrate the importance of three-dimensionality in intertidal beach morphology on longshore variation in dune evolution; both through longshore variation in onshore sediment supply and through causing longshore variation in near-dune significant wave heights.
Correlation Coefficient Studies on Certain Quantitative Traits in the Silkworm, Bombyx mori L.

To understand the relationship among different quantitative traits, correlation studies were performed by utilizing eighty-eight inbred strains of silkworm, Bombyx mori L. on twelve economic characters. Analysis resulted in correlation of 5th instar period with total larval period (r ＝ 0.7882), cocoon weight with shell weight (r ＝ 0.8326), shell weight with shell ratio (r ＝ 0.5067), shell ratio with raw silk ％ (r ＝ 0.7570), raw silk ％ with filament length (r ＝ 0.3490), filament size (denier) with reelability (r ＝ 0.3193) and boil-off loss % (r ＝ 0.2792). Negative correlation was observed among filament length with filament size (r ＝ 0.7582) and reelability with boil-off loss % (r ＝ -0.3236). Correlation of different quantitative characters for quality silk production is discussed.
Wärmeübergang bei Düsenströmung senkrecht zur Austauschfläche

An Dusentrocknern mit grosen Austauschflachen werden Warmeubergangszahlen gemessen, die sich dimensionslos darstellen lassen. Im Vergleich zu Untersuchungen an Einzeldusen und Dusengruppen mit kleinen Dusenteilungen werden starkere Abweichungen festgestellt, die auf die gegenseitige Beeinflussung der Dusenstrahlen auf der Austauschflache und auf die Storungen der Freistrahlen durch die Abluftstromung zuruckzufuhren sind. Bei konstanter Motorleistung last sich die Warmeubergangszahl in Abhangigkeit von der geometrischen Anordnung der Dusen bestimmen und ein Maximum nachweisen.
One Dimensional Segregated Single AU Sites on Step-Rich ZnO Ladder for Ultrasensitive NO 2 Sensors

Summary Here, we develop a freestanding ladder-like ZnO surface with abundant unsaturated step defects, which could efficiently anchor Au1 sites with one-dimensional assembling for the ultrasensitive NO2 detection. The dimension of the obtained ZnO hexagonal ladder could be precisely controlled through reasonably regularizing the nucleation and growth rate. Following a layer-by-layer growth mode, the obtained ZnO would adopt the step-rich evolution. These ladder-like structures could provide abundant unsaturated step defects along with their curved edge profiles to serve as susceptible centers to site-selectively immobilize isolated Au1 species (Au1-ZnO). The obtained Au1-ZnO catalysts exhibit an outstanding NO2-sensing response (12.6 to 300 ppb) at a low operating temperature (150°C). The proposed step-induced strategy will broaden the rational design of special site-trapped supported metal catalysis for gas sensors.
Control of postharvest gray mold of ‘BRS Nubia’ table grape under cold storage

The demand for high-quality nutritional products has increased fruit consumption, as grapes, for this reason postharvest techniques are required to prevent losses, to preserve quality, to extend shelf life, and to attend to consumer needs. In this way, the objective of this study was to evaluate strategies to control gray mold caused by Botrytis cinerea in ‘BRS Nubia’ grapes during cold storage and shelf life periods. Grape bunches were harvested from a commercial vineyard in Marialva, Parana, Brazil. Grapes were subjected to the following treatments: cold storage at 2 oC (control), cold storage at 2 oC with SO2generating pads, cold storage at 2 oC and inoculated with B. cinerea suspension, and cold storage at 2 oC with SO2-generating pads and inoculated with B. cinerea suspension. The experiment was conducted in a complete randomized design with five replications per treatment using four bunches per experimental unit. A factorial arrangement (absence/presence of SO2 pads × absence/presence of Botrytis inoculation) was applied. At the end of 30 days of cold storage and 7 days of shelf life (22 oC), gray mold incidence, shattered berries, and physicochemical parameters were evaluated. The gray mold incidence on ‘BRS Nubia’ grapes decreased when SO2-generating pads were used during cold storage. Berry weight loss was greater in the treatments without SO2-generating pads after 30 days of cold storage followed by 7 days of shelf life. Berry firmness, soluble solids content (SS), total acidity (TA), SS/TA ratio, and anthocyanins concentration were not negatively affected by SO2-generating pad treatments. However, a slight increase in the shattered berries percentage was recorded for the SO2-generating pad treatments. No significant quality loss of ‘BRS Nubia’ grape was evident after 30 days of cold storage followed by 7 days of exposure at room temperature. In this context, SO2-generating pads can be used to control the gray mold incidence on ‘BRS Nubia’ table grapes during cold storage.
Study on genetic variations of the D-loop region in three Vietnamese ethnic groups Kinh, Lolo and Lahu

Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequence analysis has been widely used to investigate population genetic and evolutional history of different ethnic groups worldwide. In this study, the D-loop region of 119 Vietnamese individuals belonging to three different ethnic groups was sequenced and compared with reference mtDNA on rCRS for genetic variations. Total 218 genetic polymorphisms were found in this population, among which 48 variations appeared with frequencies of more than 0.1. Further statistical analysis showed that there were 23, 13 and 24 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) distributed differently between Kinh vs. Lolo, Kinh vs. Lahu , and Lolo vs. Lahu groups, respectively. The mean pairwise genetic distances between each pair of ethnic groups were 0.0101, 0.0098 and 0.0092 for Kinh Lolo, Kinh Lahu, Lolo Lahu, respectively. This indicated that although the Lolo and Lahu ethnic groups both belong to the Tibeto-Burman language group, the genetic distance between them was no closer than the genetic distances between them and the Kinh group of the Viet-Muong (Austroasiatic) language group. This study was the first research on the Dloop region of the Lolo and Lahu populations in Vietnam. These results provided more data for exploring the genetic background and the history of those ethnic groups as well as other minority ethnic groups in Vietnam.
Significant Decrease in Wet Deposition of Anthropogenic Chloride Across the Eastern United States, 1998–2018

Using deposition observations from precipitation samples collected by the National Atmospheric Deposition Program at 125 sites across the United States, we show that the mean wet deposition flux of non‐sea‐salt chloride (NSS Cl−) has decreased by 83% throughout the eastern United States between 1998 and 2018. We find that 30% of the sites switch from having excess Cl− to being depleted in Cl−. We attribute the observed decreases in NSS Cl− deposition to a 95% decrease in U.S. anthropogenic HCl emissions since 1998. We propose that industry emission controls that remove HCl as a cobenefit of NOx and SO2 have caused significant decreases in NSS Cl− deposition throughout the eastern United States, in addition to shifts from coal to natural gas and to coal with lower Cl− content. Our analysis implies that the lower tropospheric reactive inorganic chlorine burden was larger over the United States in the past than it is today.
Beyond objectivism: new methods for studying metaethical intuitions

ABSTRACT Moral realists often assume that folk intuitions are predominantly realist, and they argue that this places the burden of proof on antirealists. More broadly, appeals to intuition in metaethics typically assume that folk judgments are generally consistent across individuals, such that they are at least predominantly something, if not realist. A substantial body of empirical work on moral objectivism has investigated these assumptions, but findings remain inconclusive due to methodological limitations. Objectivist judgments classify individuals into broad categories of realism and antirealism, but they do not address more specific conflicts in the metaethical literature between different types of realism and antirealism, such as between nonnaturalism and divine command theory, or between noncognitivism and error theory. Further, the data currently show that the folk are objectivists about some moral claims but not others, raising questions that have not been addressed in previous studies about how much of the moral domain is judged to be objective, and about how endorsements of different types of realism and antirealism are distributed among different types of moral claims. Here, I present a new survey that addresses these limitations. The results challenge both of the empirical assumptions identified above, with important implications for metaethical methodology.
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND HUMAN JOBS

The development of artificial intelligence (AI) does influence human jobs but not necessarily in a negative way. Although labor force participation rates and firms’ job vacancies for human labor decline, the unemployment rate may be lower than that in an economy without AI. In an economy with heterogeneously skilled workers, the invention of AI usually has a negative effect on the skilled labor market but a positive effect on the unskilled labor market. The overall unemployment rate may decline as AI develops.
Physiological and Oxidative Effects of Native Piperaceae From Brazilian Amazon on Growth of Weed

The use of bioherbicides for the sustainable management of weeds is one of the main challenges of agriculture. With this approach, the application of complex (crude) extract has shown to be inore efficient and less expensive due to phytotoxic (together) presence, than single, isolated, or majority compounds. In this perspective, the aqueous extract of the five Piper spp. (Piper divaricatum, P. hispidum, P. marginatum, P. peltatum, and P. reticulatum) native from the Amazon region, Brazil were used to evaluate the physiological and oxidative effects on the emergence and growth of common weeds under controlled conditions and in greenhouse. The extract obtained in sufficient quantity and the expected inhibitory effect was used in biochemical assays again with lettuce (indicator plant) and weeds seedlings, focusing on antioxidative enzymes activity. We verify the allelopathic potential of the P. divaricatum and P. peltatum, which caused high toxicity to lettuce and weeds seedlings in vitro and in vivo assays. In both Piper extract at 1.5%, the emergence inhibition of weed seedlings was up to 70%. This concentration also influenced the growth of seedlings. As to responses of antioxidative enzymes, we found that lettuce seedlings were widely affected by the exposition of Piper extracts (P. divaricatum and P. peltatum) at 5%, with an input of 89%, 300%, and 290% on SOD, CAT, and APX activities, respectively. Thus, Piper divaricatum and P. peltatum are potent allelopathic species that could contribute to minimize the damage of crops caused by weed competitions.
Moringa oleifera Leaf Extract Extends Lifespan and Ameliorate HAART Drug-Induced Locomotor, Reproductive, and Antioxidant Deficits in Drosophila melanogaster

Aim: To evaluate the longevity and ameliorative activities of Moringa oleifera leaf (MOL) extract against some HAART drug-induced toxicities in Drosophila melanogaster. Materials and Methods: The research was conducted at the Drosophila laboratory, Africa Centre of Excellence in phytomedicine Research and Development (ACEPRD), University of Jos-Nigeria, between August 2019 March 2020. D. melanogaster (1-3 day) were first exposed for life to different concentrations of MOL (50 – 500 mg) or 25 mM Ascorbic acid or 1000 μL distilled water to determine longevity. Secondly, flies were fed on 46.56 mg of HAART drugs (Efavirenz-based or Original Research Article Iorjiim et al.; JOCAMR, 11(4): 33-46, 2020; Article no.JOCAMR. 62136 34 Dolutegravir-based) alone or supplemented with MOL 250 mg or 500 mg per 10 g fly food in five replicates for seven days. Afterward, longevity, fecundity, and negative geotaxis were evaluated. Also, activities of Superoxide dismutase, Catalase, as well as Malondialdehyde content as biomarkers of oxidative stress were evaluated using whole fly homogenate. Statistical significance was taken at P<0.05 or (P<0.006) (Bonferroni adjusted P-value for multiple curve comparisons. Results: The MOL extract significantly (P<0.001) increased fly longevity compared to control groups. Similarly, supplementation with 500 mg MOL extracts significantly (P<0.05) ameliorate HAART drug-induced deficits in climbing ability, fecundity, SOD, and CAT activities as well as MDA content compared to groups exposed to HAART drugs alone respectively. Conclusion: The results suggest that M. oleifera leaf extract extends lifespan and ameliorate HAART drug-induced toxicities via its antioxidant activities. This was supported by improved locomotor and reproductive decline, and restoration of the deficits in the biomarkers of oxidative stress (SOD, CAT, and MDA) in D. melanogaster.
Physiological responses on the Concept II BikeErg and Concept II RowErg in well-trained male rowers

Stationary cycling is a common training mode of rowers, used to provide variety in training programs and prevent overuse injuries commonly associated with the repetitive nature of the rowing stroke. The purpose of this study was to investigate the differences in physiological responses on a Concept II BikeErg (Concept II BikeErg; Concept2 Inc., US) and Concept II RowErg (Concept II Model D; Concept2 Inc., US) at matched submaximal workloads so training load can be appropriately prescribed for stationary cycling. Ten well-trained, male rowers completed 6 min of exercise at four submaximal workloads (50%, 62.5%, 75% and 87.5% of their most recent 2000 m RowErg score) interspersed with 2-minute recovery periods on both ergometers in a single day. Ergometer order was randomised and balanced between groups. At matched power output (PO) results while on the RowErg were significantly higher across all workloads for rate of oxygen consumption ( V ˙ O 2 ), rate of carbon dioxide production ( V ˙ CO 2 ), minute ventilation ( V ˙ E ) and heart rate (HR) (p < 0.05) and across the final two workloads for Rating of Perceived Exertion (RPE) and blood lactate concentration (BLa) (p < 0.05). When oxygen uptake at a fixed value ( V ˙ O 2 = 3.5 L.min−1) was matched between groups results while on the RowErg were significantly lower for PO, BLa, V ˙ CO 2 , RER and RPE whereas V ˙ E and HR were similar to the BikeErg. These results support the understanding that displayed power output on the RowErg does not account for all work done during the rowing stroke cycle, specifically during the recovery phase. In conclusion, the physiological responses on the Concept II BikeErg are no more closely aligned to the Concept II RowErg than previously shown for similar cycle ergometers from different manufacturers. Due to the lack of consistency between Concept II BikeErg and Concept II RowErg PO, HR is better suited for the prescription of training loads on the BikeErg.
The Wave Energy Converter Design Process: Methods Applied in Industry and Shortcomings of Current Practices

Wave energy is among the many renewable energy technologies being researched and developed to address the increasing demand for low-emissions energy. The unique design challenges for wave energy converter design—integrating complex and uncertain technological, economic, and ecological systems, overcoming the structural challenges of ocean deployment, and dealing with complex system dynamics—have lead to a disjointed progression of research and development. There is no common design practice across the wave energy industry and there is no published synthesis of the practices that are used by developers. In this paper, we summarize the methods being employed in WEC design as well as promising methods that have yet to be applied. We contextualize these methods within an overarching design process. We present results from a survey of WEC developers to identify methods that are common in industry. From the review and survey results, we conclude that the most common methods of WEC design are iterative methods in which design parameters are defined, evaluated, and then changed based on evaluation results. This leaves a significant space for improvement of methods that help designers make better-informed decisions prior to sophisticated evaluation, and methods of using the evaluation results to make better design decisions during iteration. Despite the popularity of optimization methods in academic research, they are less common in industry development. We end this paper with a summary of the areas of WEC design in which the testing and development of new methods is necessary, and where more research is required to fully understand the influence of design decisions on WEC performance.
Present‐Day Deformation Mechanism of the Northeastern Mina Deflection Revealed by the 2020 Mw 6.5 Monte Cristo Range Earthquake

The 15 May 2020 Monte Cristo Range Mw 6.5 earthquake occurred in the northeast of the Mina deflection, which accommodates approximately a quarter of the relatively dextral motion between the Pacific and North American plates. The Monte Cristo Range event provides an opportunity to study the present‐day regional deformation mechanism and active tectonics. In this study, we investigate the source rupture process of the event using joint inversion of interferometric synthetic aperture radar and broadband seismic data. We find that the rupture propagates almost simultaneously on two main segments. The fault motion changes from the predominantly sinistral slip near the epicenter on the eastern segment to the oblique slip on the western segment, with a maximum coseismic slip of 0.8 m. Our results suggest that the accommodation of slip transfer localized in the northeastern Mina deflection tends to transform from the wrench‐ to extension‐dominated transtension.
Entrepreneurship in rural regions: the role of industry experience and home advantage for newly founded firms

ABSTRACT Industry experience and home advantage can have a varying influence on entrepreneurial competitiveness, depending on the regional context. We use matched employer–employee data from Statistics Sweden to analyse new firm formation in rural, urban and metropolitan regions. The results suggest that industry experience has a positive effect on firm survival, while firm growth is more influenced by home advantage. Interestingly, a positive home advantage only exists in rural regions, where native entrepreneurs create significantly more jobs than non-locals.
Differences in Family-Owned SMEs’ Ethical Behavior: A Mixed Gamble Perspective of Family Firm Tax Evasion

We develop a mixed gamble perspective of tax evasion that explains why family firms vary in how they weigh the costs and benefits of tax evasion. Testing our framework on family firms from India, we find that family firm identity is negatively related to tax evasion when firm performance is high. However, when firm performance is low, family firm identity is positively related to tax evasion. Our study therefore reveals why some family firms refrain from tax evasion, some rationalize it for the sake of the family firm, and others see tax evasion as a financial gain worth the risks.
Differentiation of Self and Its Relationship with Emotional Self-Regulation and Anxiety in a Spanish Sample

Abstract This study analyzes the relationship of differentiation of self with emotional self-regulation and anxiety, and the differences in these variables based on the sex and the age of the participants. The study involved a Spanish sample of 216 subjects who answered the Differentiation of Self Scale (DSS), the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (ERQ) and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI). The results show that differentiation is related to emotional regulation and anxiety. Furthermore, differences in differentiation of self, emotional self-regulation and anxiety depending on sex and age are observed. Implications for clinical practice and suggestions for future lines of research are discussed.
Molecular Detection of Cucumber Mosaic Virus and Tobacco Mosaic Virus Infecting African Nightshades (Solanum scabrum Miller)

The two viruses cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) and tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) are among the major viruses that constrain the production of African nightshade (ANS). The ANS provides high proportions of micronutrient content and has medicinal, economic, and agronomic benefits. In this study, we utilized molecular methods to detect these viruses present in ANS at two locations in Kenya: Kisii and Kakamega counties. Ribonucleic acid (RNA) was extracted from leaves of ANS plants exhibiting viral symptoms and sequenced on the Illumina MiSeq platform for phylogenetic studies. The isolates were grouped based on nucleotide and sequence identity. We detected two isolates of CMV and one isolate of TMV in ANS samples. The isolate sequences have been deposited in the GeneBank to obtain accession numbers. Cucumber mosaic virus nucleotide sequence closely resembled the Kirinyaga isolates in Kenya classified in subgroup I. Tobacco mosaic virus phylogenetic studies revealed close resemblance of isolates KY810785.1 from Britain and AF273221.1 from the USA in clade 1 based on nucleotide and amino acid sequences. This is an indication that the virus is widely distributed across the world. Detection of these two viruses in Kenya suggests that they are prevalent in crop-growing regions and the germplasms. African nightshade could also act as a virus reservoir infecting other plants. This study will inform management options to prevent virus epidemics and be in control of vectors.