Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
DETECTION OF BUILDING DAMAGE IN THE 2010 HAITI EARTHQUAKE USING HIGH-RESOLUTION SAR INTENSITY IMAGES

Two sets of high-resolution SAR imageries from TerraSAR-X were used to calculate radar characteristics like correlation coefficient and backscatter difference for building damage detection after the 2010 Haiti earthquake in the city center of Port-au-Prince. The Normalized Difference Vegetation Index from a Quickbird image was used to delineate non-vegetated areas. The threshold values for correlation coefficient and backscatter differences were determined to find the change. By our threshold values, we could achieve reasonable detection accuracy in lowand moderate-density areas.
Operator-dependent reproducibility of size measurements of small phantoms and lung nodules examined with low dose thin-section

Operator-dependent reproducibility of size measurements of small phantoms and lung nodules examined with low dose thin-section / G.Picozzi; S. Diciotti; M. Falchini; S. Foresti; F. Gallesi; E. Cavigli; L. Livi; N. Villari; M. Mascalchi. In: INVESTIGATIVE RADIOLOGY. ISSN 0020-9996. STAMPA. vl.41:(2006), pp. 831-839. [10.1097/01.rli. 0000242837.11436. 6e] Original Citation: Operator-dependent reproducibility of size measurements of small phantoms and lung nodules examined with low dose thin-section
The Fountain Hills impact‐modified CB chondrite and thermal history of the CB asteroid

Abstract— Fountain Hills is a metal‐rich chondrite with mineral and whole chondrite oxygen isotope compositions that suggest it is a CB chondrite. However, its petrologic characteristics suggest that it has been modified by shock and recrystallization to a greater degree than other CB chondrites. It differs texturally from the CB chondrites in that its metal is interstitial to the silicate and does not occur as discrete clasts as in the other CB chondrites. Portions of Fountain Hills appear to be recrystallized and it contains large (mm‐size) olivine rimmed by pyroxene. A characteristic of the CB chondrites is the presence of small sulfide blebs in large metal clasts and anomalously heavy (15N‐enriched) nitrogen often associated with metal surrounding the sulfide blebs, but Fountain Hills lacks sulfide and its nitrogen is relatively light. The differences between Fountain Hills and the other CB chondrites can be attributed to a secondary process, most likely impact‐melting and recrystallization, that overprinted its primary features and it is inferred that Fountain Hills is an impact‐modified CB chondrite.
The Effect of Glutamate on Neurite Outgrowth in Fiddler Crab (Uca pugilator) X-organ Cells

Glutamate is the primary excitatory neurotransmitter in the mammalian central nervous system. It is of particular interest because of its supposed role in the processes of learning and memory, and also because of its potential toxic effects that have been linked to neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s. Although glutamate is necessary for normal cell functioning, high levels of glutamate receptor activation can result in cell death, a phenomenon known as excitotoxicity. It has been suggested that glutamate also plays an important role in the insect and crustacean nervous systems, allowing for the examination of excitotoxicity in these organisms. The current study aims to determine the effect of high concentrations of glutamate on the neurite outgrowth of cultured fiddler crab ( Uca pugilator ) cells. Cells were obtained from the x-organ, a neurohemal organ located in the crustacean eyestalk, and were cultured for 24 hours in simple culture medium. After 24 hours, cells exhibiting neurite outgrowth were photographed and treated with one of four concentrations of glutamate. The treatment groups included: control with 0 mM glu, 0.1 mM glu, 1 mM glu, and 10 mM glu. After another 24 hours, the cells were photographed a second time and the neurite outgrowth was measured and compared. Higher concentrations of glutamate had a negative effect on neurite outgrowth, causing the neurites to retract or slow their growth. Glutamate receptors were also located in the x-organ cells using immunocytochemistry with fluorescence. This study provides insight into the workings of the crustacean nervous system and shows that fiddler crabs are a model organism in which to examine the effects of excitotoxicity, which may lead to future knowledge about the mechanisms of neurodegenerative diseases.
Magnetic polarity stratigraphy of the Neogene Siwalik Group at Khutia Khola, far western Nepal

The middle Miocene–Pliocene Siwalik Group was deposited in the Himalayan foreland basin in response to uplift and erosion in the Himalayan fold-thrust belt. Results of thermal demagnetization experiments on samples from the Siwalik Group in central and western Nepal demonstrate that laminated siltstones yield paleomagnetic data useful for tectonic and magnetostratigraphic studies. Sandstones and paleosols of the Siwalik Group, however, generally display highly erratic paleomagnetic behavior during thermal demagnetization. On the basis of these observations, siltstones from a well-exposed, 2423-m-thick section of the Siwalik Group in Khutia Khola, far western Nepal, were sampled for magnetic polarity stratigraphy. The Siwalik Group is composed of informal lower, middle, and upper members. Correlation of the resulting polarity stratigraphy with the geomagnetic polarity timescale indicates that the exposed section spans 13.30 to 7.65 Ma. The lower-middle Siwalik boundary occurs at 11.05 Ma, near the beginning of chron C5n. The rate of sediment accumulation increases upsection, similar to rate changes previously observed in the Pakistan Siwalik Group, and probably in response to increasing proximity of the Himalayan thrust belt. In the Khutia Khola section, a discordant declination indicates that this region has rotated about a vertical axis 16.6° counterclockwise with respect to the Indian subcontinent. Measurements of δ 13 C in paleosol carbonate indicate the predominance of C 3 plants until 7.65 Ma, and the clear presence of C 4 plants higher in the undated portion of the section.
Assessing the Martian surface distribution of aeolian sand using a Mars general circulation model

A sand transport model using White's [1979] sand flux equation and the Mars general circulation model [Pollack et al., 1990] was developed to understand the erosional sources, transport pathways, and depositional sinks of windblown sand on Mars. An initially uniform distribution of sand (4 mm over the entire surface) is regionally transported based on wind stress, saltation threshold, and percentage of topographic trapping. Results are consistent with the observed polar and Hellespontus dunes and Christensen's [1986] modeled block size distribution, but only for an extremely low saltation threshold (0.024 N/m 2 ). Low thresholds generally result in transport of sand-sized particles originating in the northern mid latitudes to the north pole, and transport from the northern lower latitudes to the southern hemisphere. Our results indicate that the polar dune fields could form in 50,000 years, consistent with the active polar dunes and lack of longitudinal dunes observed on the surface of Mars.
EXPERIMENTAL OBSERVATIONS ON SOME NON-OPTIMAL MATERIALS FROM SOUTHERN SOUTH AMERICA

Abstract Historically, lithic analyses and studies were based on the attributes and characteristics of artifacts derived from flint and/or flint-like materials. However, during the last decades, emphasis has been put on another rocks used for manufacturing stones tools; among others, quartzite, quartz, and other rocks with diverse fractures. Over the years, a number of experiments using varied flaking techniques and strategies were conducted in the Americas. In this endeavor, diverse non-flint-like materials were used to replicate varied core and bifacial reduction strategies. Among others, crystal quartz as well as varied acid and black volcanic rocks were flaked. The experimental observations allowed observing that several of these raw materials show subtle but different flaking qualities as well formal macroscopic attributes on the resulting products and by-products. Then, this paper presents and discusses some flaking qualities and attributes observed on some non-flint-like materials from South America.
Geological and biological evidence for regional drainage reversal during lateral tectonic transport, Marlborough, New Zealand

A 2500 km2 mountainous river catchment in northern South Island, New Zealand, drained southwards until the late Quaternary. The catchment is being transported laterally at c. 36 mm a−1 relative to the southern South Island by dextral strike-slip motion along the Pacific–Australian Plate boundary (Alpine Fault). This lateral motion has moved the eastern half of the catchment from a zone of uplift into a zone of subsidence over the past million years, triggering drainage reversal. Sedimentation from the catchment switched from a sedimentary basin in the SE to a basin in the north. Profiles of river terrace remnants, formed from glacial outwash, show that drainage reversal occurred in the latter stages of deposition of the oldest recognizable terrace. Clast imbrication patterns and clast petrography in that terrace indicate southward flow, whereas flow had a northerly component in younger terraces and a nearby active river. In addition, 1.6% genetic divergence of fish on either side of the new drainage divide is consistent with late Quaternary separation by drainage reversal. The timing of drainage reversal is estimated from regional terrace correlation and the magnitude of the genetic divergence to be between 100 and 200 ka bp.
Enhanced lunar semidiurnal equatorial vertical plasma drifts during sudden stratospheric warmings

Large scale electrodynamic and plasma density variations in the low latitude ionosphere have recently been associated with sudden stratospheric warming (SSW) events. We present average patterns of largely enhanced lunar semidiurnal equatorial vertical plasma drift perturbations during arctic winter low and high solar flux SSW events. These perturbations play a dominant role in the electrodynamic response of the low latitude ionosphere to SSWs. Our models indicate that the amplitudes of the enhanced lunar semidiurnal drifts are strongly local time and solar flux dependent, with largest values during early morning low solar flux SSW periods. These results suggest that ionospheric conductance strongly modulate low latitude ionospheric changes during SSWs. They also indicate that lunar semidiurnal effects need to be taken into account by global ionospheric models for their improved forecasting of the low latitude ionospheric response to SSW events, especially for low solar flux conditions.
Future Change of North Atlantic Tropical Cyclone Tracks: Projection by a 20-km-Mesh Global Atmospheric Model*

Possible future change in tropical cyclone (TC) activity over the North Atlantic (NA) was investigated by comparison of 25-yr simulations of the present-day climate and future change under the A1B emission scenario using a 20-km-mesh Meteorological Research Institute (MRI) and Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) atmospheric general circulation model. The present-day simulation reproduces many essential features of observed climatology and interannual variability in TC frequency of occurrence and tracks over the NA. For the future projection, the model is driven by the sea surface temperature (SST) that includes a trend projected by the most recent Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) multimodel ensemble and a year-to-year variation derived from the present-day climate. A major finding is that the future change of total TC counts in the NA is statistically insignificant, but the frequency of TC occurrence will decrease in the tropical western NA (WNA) and increase in the tropical eastern NA (ENA) and northwestern NA (NWNA). The projected change in TC tracks suggests a reduced probability of TC landfall over the southeastern United States, and an increased influence of TCs on the northeastern United States. The track changes are not due to changes of large-scale steering flows; instead, they are due to changes in TC genesis locations. The increase in TC genesis in the ENA arises from increasing background ascending motion and convective available potential energy. In contrast, the reduced TC genesis in the WNA is attributed to decreases in midtropospheric relative humidity and ascending motion caused by remotely forced anomalous descent. This finding indicates that the impact of remote dynamical forcing is greater than that of local thermodynamical forcing in the WNA. The increased frequency of TC occurrence in the NWNA is attributed to reduced vertical wind shear and the pronounced local warming of the ocean surface. These TC changes appear to be most sensitive to future change in the spatial distribution of rising SST. Given that most IPCC models project a larger increase in SST in the ENA than in the WNA, the projected eastward shift in TC genesis is likely to be robust.
Annual mean analysis of the tropical heat balance and associations with the Walker circulation

The present study presents an analysis of the annual mean tropical heat balance and its association with the Walker circulation (WC) using NCEP/NCAR Reanalysis data. This study shows the relative importance of diabatic data to produce vertical motion in the tropics and for the WC region. It is shown that ascending motion in the WC’s upward branch is determined by the joint effect of latent heating and radiative cooling processes while infrared radiation loss is associated to sink motions on the WC’s descending branch. In ascending branches of the WC vertical velocity from reanalysis is overestimated when latent heat is taken into account to drive motions. Radiative cooling is indentified as the main physical process yielding sinking motion in the WC’s downward branches. In upward branches of the WC, resulting diabatic processes (latent heat release) are balanced by adiabatic expansion (due rising motions). In descending branches of the WC, there is a near balance between radiative cooling (due to longwave emission) and heating (due to sinking motions).
Ethnic Preferences and Neighborhood Transitions

In the past decade there has been a growing literature focused on explaining the patterns of residential separation in U.S. metropolitan areas. The research of two decades ago which focused on the locational structure of the mono-centric city represented by studies by Alonso (1964), Mills (1967), Muth (1969) and Wingo (1961) was mostly concerned with the way in which land uses as a whole are structured in the city. There was much less attention directed to the issues of residential separation, especially the separation of ethnic areas within metropolitan areas. In the last dozen years at least three research streams have developed to explore the issue of residential patterning and neighborhood change. One of these streams considers neighborhood change as the outcome of a set of exogenous factors such as income, population growth, changing job locations and housing change. A second research stream also includes exogenous economic factors additionally includes the role of racially biased household preferences, racial discrimination in the functioning of the housing market and by extension in the transition of neighborhoods. The third research stream specifically examines the way in which discrimination affects the patterns of separation. Paralleling the debates about the factors which influence the nature of residential change and residential separation are empirical studies of residential change itself. An important aspect of understanding residential change is residential behavior and the resulting changes in residential separation. Much of the emphasis has been on the role of tipping and explanations of tipping.
New zooarchaeological and funerary perspectives on Mochica culture (a.d. 100–800), Peru

Abstract The Mochica culture developed on the northern Peruvian coast between a.d. 100 and 800. A zooarchaeological study of the remains discovered in graves at four main ceremonial sites—Sipán, San José de Moro, El Brujo, and Moche—provides evidence of 12 sacrificed species including domestic animals such as llamas, dogs, and guinea pigs, and wild animals such as bats and parrots. A comparison of zooarchaeological data with Mochica iconography shows that animals served a variety of ritual purposes, for example, as mortuary food and as guides for souls of the dead in the afterlife. They were also considered to be mediators between the world of the living and that of the dead. This study enhances our understanding of funerary and sacrificial rituals linked to animals in Mochica society as well as in the central Andes.
Altmetric Indices in the Field of Oncology: Journal Level

The study aims to analyze altmetric indices at the journal level in the field of oncology and also examine the relationship between altmetric indicators and citation-based indicators of the journals. The study includes an analytical approach. Altmetric indices were exported from Altmetric Explorer database, and citation-based indicators of oncology journals were gathered through Scopus in Microsoft Excel. SPSS software was utilized to analyze data inferentially and descriptively. The highest level of altmetric attention score belonged to CA-A CANCER JOURNAL FOR CLINICIANS in 2019. Twitter is the most used social media to share research outputs in oncology. There is a significant, positive, and moderate relationship between Altmetric Coverage and citation-based indicators (SNIP, SJR, and CiteScore). A significant, positive, and moderate relationship exists between Mean Altmetric Score and citation-based indicators (SNIP, SJR, and CiteScore). Journals, including high citation-based indicators in the field of oncology, are more likely to get more visibility via various social media. Researchers and policymakers could use altmetric indices via social media (such as Twitter) to improve health knowledge, connect the public and academics, and share clinical guides to enhance public health and reveal non-traditional scientific impact.
REE and Nd Isotope Stratigraphy of a Late Jurassic Carbonate Platform, Eastern Paris Basin, France

Abstract Rare earth elements (REE) and Nd isotopes on the labile fraction of the Callovian–Oxfordian to Tithonian Jurassic carbonate platform of the eastern Paris Basin were used to reconstruct the composition of the contemporaneous waters from which the labile fraction may have originated. This sedimentary record shows a remarkable change in the manganese content between the clayey deposits at the top and bottom of the succession and the carbonate-platform deposits. The combined analyses of REE and Nd isotope ratios record the influence of emerged land and the Tethys Ocean. The REE patterns are similar to those of seawater in the middle part of the sedimentary record, suggesting REE removal by marine carbonate, while bell-shaped REE patterns are observed above and below, reflecting continent-derived REE carried by Fe–Mn coatings on detrital particles. Therefore, the REE patterns and their evolution through the sedimentary record highlight the roles played in the REE budget by Fe–Mn coatings on detrital particles and by marine carbonates. The predominant sources of Nd during platform evolution are characterized by the Nd isotope variations in the sediments; the nonradiogenic values (eNd(t) between −12 and −10) strongly suggest that the predominant source of Nd on the platform was the continental crust through weathering and river inputs, whereas some more radiogenic Nd (eNd(t) = −5) values are more typical of the Tethys seawater signature.
The tectonic fabric of the ocean basins

[1] We present a global community data set of fracture zones (FZs), discordant zones, propagating ridges, V-shaped structures and extinct ridges, digitized from vertical gravity gradient (VGG) maps. We use a new semi-automatic FZ tracking program to test the precision of our hand-digitized traces and find a Mean Absolute Deviation of less than 3.4 km from the raw VGG minima that most clearly delineate each feature, and less than 5.4 km from the FZ location predicted by fitting model profiles to the VGG data that represent the morphology of the individual FZs. These offsets are small considering gravity data only provide an approximation for the underlying basement morphology. We further investigate the origin of non-FZ seafloor fabric by combining published abyssal hill heights computed from gravity anomalies with global half-spreading rates. A residual abyssal hill height grid, with spreading rate effects removed, combined with our interpreted tectonic fabric reveals several types of seafloor fabric distinct from typical abyssal hills. Where discordant zones do not overprint abyssal hill signals, residual abyssal hill height anomalies correspond to seafloor that accreted near mantle thermal anomalies or zones of melt-depletion. Our analysis reveals several areas where residual abyssal hill height anomalies reflect pseudo-faults and extinct ridges associated with ridge propagation and/or microplate formation in the southern Pacific Ocean.
The geographical pattern of New Zealand's international trade: An application of the gravity model

This study uses the gravity model to analyse the geographical pattern of New Zealand's foreign trade, and the extent to which closer economic relations have influenced this pattern using cross-section data separately for each of the years 1987 through to 1992. This is then repeated using pooled cross-section time-series data for the period 1987 to 1992. The model includes exporters' and importers' incomes and populations, the distance between them, and dummy variables for preference under APEC, the British Commonwealth and CER, and resistance to trade with Socialist countries, as explanatory variables. All the coefficients are found to be statistically significant and of the expected signs except for the CER coefficient. These coefficients also remain stable over the different years sampled and are not significantly different from those for the pooled data set. The results show APEC, British Commonwealth membership, and Socialism have a significant influence on New Zealand's trade pattern, whereas CER has not affected New Zealand's pattern of trade over the period studied.
ADAPTAÇÃO DA QUINOA (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) PARA INCREMENTAR A DIVERSIDADE AGRÍCOLA E ALIMENTAR NO BRASIL

Quinoa cultivation (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.), a species belonging to Chenopodiaceae family of recent introduction in Brazil, began as a result of great efforts in research, experimentation and development in the last 15 years. Because it is a new plant in Brazilian agriculture, although it presents great perspective for its multiple applications, the establishment of a production chain is still at the onset and directly dependant on the link between demand and producer. However, under increasing phytossanitary problems, especially due to the soybean monocrop in the Brazilian Savannah, the demand for diversification has been intensified. Alternative crops, like quinoa, that allow interruption of pest and disease cycles, have called farmers attention. Their introduction, in rotation or successive cropping, shall contribute to reduce input, with favourable impact on the environment and human health. The various aspects of knowledge are approached with emphasis on the origin and importance for agriculture and food, for cultivar acquisition, agronomy and economical advantages of quinoa cultivation. The results obtained with the pioneer work, aiming at its adaptation to agro-pastoral systems are reviewed and demonstrate the prospect for economical exploitation. It is expected that the greater use and cultivation of quinoa in family agriculture or large-scale farming will create new'market opportunities.