Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Analysis of Incident Energy and Arc Flash Boundary Behavior in Electric Power Distribution Systems

The integration of renewable generation systems into electricity distribution grids is becoming increasingly common. New generation plants are commonly connected to electricity grids by modifying their design and operating conditions. Photovoltaic plants are being integrated into large transmission grids, limiting their capacity and altering the conditions for which they were designed. Electricity distribution grids must also cope with the connection of new photovoltaic installations for self-consumption, which can range from a few kW for domestic use to several MW for large industries. For this analysis we focus exclusively on the phenomenon of arc flash (AF) in alternating current (AC) because most AF accidents happen in this type of AC systems, and distribution networks worldwide operate with this type of current, even though they do it at different frequencies. IEEE 1584™-2018 has increased the calculation accuracy to determine the incident energy of power systems. Nevertheless, the changing dynamics of power systems due to the connection of new installations and the uncertainty associated with the design parameters has pushed us to develop this study focused on the behavior of AF. This article studies the impact of certain parameters on the calculation of incident energy, as well as on the arc flash boundary (AFB) in an electrical distribution network where a 4 MW photovoltaic generation plant is connected. The most interesting objective of this analysis is to determinate the behavior of the electrical distribution network, considering certain design parameters that may vary throughout its useful life. In particular, the variability of the short-circuit impedance of power transformers and their impact to the distribution network where they are connected has been studied. Other variables such as the opening time of the circuit breakers and the length of the cables are also analyzed, considering a photovoltaic generation plant integrated in the distribution network. Each of the parameters analyzed are extremely important in current power transmission networks. So far, AF analyses do not assume the errors due to the inaccuracy of the data used to parameterize the simulation model. Thanks to this analysis, it will be proven how the variability of certain parameters affects the accuracy of AF analysis in a real distribution network, demonstrating to society the importance of having real, updated and accurate data before proceeding to simulate the system under study.
İklim Değişikliği Farkındalığı ve Kurum Algısı: Avrupa Ülkeleri Üzerine Ampirik Bir Analiz

İklim değişikliğine uyum ve iklim değişikliği ile mücadele politikalarının tasarımında, bireylerin iklim farkındalıkları önemli bir yer tutmaktadır. Bu çalışma sosyodemografik değişkenlerle beraber bireylerin ekonomik ve siyasi kurumlara ilişkin algılarının, iklim farkındalığı üzerindeki etkisini araştırmaktadır. Bu doğrultuda, Avrupa Sosyal Anketi (ESS) 10. Etap verileri kullanılarak, Avrupa Birliği üyesi 19 ülkede (20.004 kişi) iklim farkındalığı ve kurumlara ilişkin algı arasındaki ilişki analiz edilmiştir. Sıralı lojistik model tahminlerinden elde edilen sonuçlar, yaşadığı ülkenin “kapsayıcı” kurumlara sahip olduğunu düşünen bireylerin iklim farkındalığının, kurumların “dışlayıcı” yapıda olduğunu düşünenlere göre daha yüksek olduğunu göstermektedir. Bununla birlikte, yüksek gelire ve sol görüşe sahip olmanın iklim farkındalığını pozitif yönde etkilediği bulunurken, cinsiyet, yaş ve eğitim düzeyi farklılıklarının iklim değişikliği farkındalığı üzerine istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir etkisi tespit edilmemiştir. Ayrıca yapılan analizler, Orta ve Doğu Avrupa ülkelerinde yaşayan bireylerin, AB-15 ülkelerine kıyasla daha yüksek düzeyde farkındalığına sahip olduğunu ortaya koymuştur. Bu bulgular, iklim değişikliği ile mücadele etme sürecinde sosyoekonomik faktörlerin yanı sıra kurumların yapısına ilişkin algının da önemli bir rol oynadığına dikkat çekmektedir. Dolayısıyla, çalışma AB ülkelerinin iklim değişikliği ve çevre konularında daha uyumlu ve etkin politikalar izleyebilmesi için öncelikle bireysel farkındalığı artıracak kurumsal yapıları geliştirmeye yönelmeleri gerektiği sonucuna varmaktadır.
Waiting, Banning, and Embracing: An Empirical Analysis of Adapting Policies for Generative AI in Higher Education

Generative AI tools such as ChatGPT have recently gained significant attention in higher education. This study aims to understand how universities establish policies regarding the use of AI tools and explore the factors that influence their decisions. Our study examines ChatGPT policies implemented at universities around the world, including their existence, content, and issuance dates. Specifically, we analyzed the top 500 universities according to the 2022 QS World University Rankings. Our findings indicate that there is significant variation in university policies. Less than one-third of the universities included in the study had implemented ChatGPT policies. Of the universities with ChatGPT policies, approximately 67 percent embraced ChatGPT in teaching and learning, more than twice the number of universities that banned it. The majority of the universities that ban the use of ChatGPT in assessments allow individual instructors to deviate from this restrictive policy. Our empirical analysis identifies several factors that are significantly and positively correlated with a university's likelihood of having a ChatGPT policy, including the university's academic reputation score, being in an English-speaking country, and the general public attitudes toward ChatGPT. In addition, we found that a university's likelihood of having a ban policy is positively associated with faculty student ratio, citations, and the English-speaking country dummy, while negatively associated with the number of peer universities within the same country that have banned ChatGPT. We discuss the challenges faced by universities based our empirical findings.
Screening of the Anti-Neurodegenerative Activity of Caffeic Acid after Introduction into Inorganic Metal Delivery Systems to Increase Its Solubility as the Result of a Mechanosynthetic Approach

The proven anti-neurodegenerative properties of caffeic acid in vivo are limited due to its poor solubility, which limits bioavailability. Therefore, caffeic acid delivery systems have been developed to improve caffeic acid solubility. Solid dispersions of caffeic acid and magnesium aluminometasilicate (Neusilin US2—Neu) were prepared using the ball milling and freeze-drying techniques. The solid dispersions of caffeic acid:Neu obtained by ball milling in a 1:1 mass ratio turned out to be the most effective. The identity of the studied system in comparison to the physical mixture was confirmed using the X-Ray Powder Diffractionand Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy techniques. For caffeic acid with improved solubility, screening tests were carried out to assess its anti-neurodegenerative effect. The obtained results on the inhibition of acetylcholinesterase, butyrylcholinesterase, tyrosinase, and antioxidant potential provide evidence for improvement of caffeic acid’s anti-neurodegenerative activity. As a result of in silico studies, we estimated which caffeic acid domains were involved in interactions with enzymes showing expression relevant to the neuroprotective activity. Importantly, the confirmed improvement in permeability of the soluble version of caffeic acid through membranes simulating the walls of the gastrointestinal tract and blood-brain barrier further strengthen the credibility of the results of in vivo anti-neurodegenerative screening tests.
LONG-STANDING COMPLEX REGIONAL PAIN SYNDROME-TYPE I: PERSPECTIVES OF PATIENTS NOT AMPUTATED

Objective Complex Regional Pain Syndrome type I (CRPS-I) is an often intractable regional pain syndrome, usually affecting limbs in which amputation may be a final resort. Not all patients are suited for amputation. This retrospective case series with explorative interviews aims to gain insight in the quality of life in those who have been denied an amputation and their functioning with CRPS-I. Patients and methods Between 2011 and 2017, 37 patients were denied an amputation. Participants were interviewed regarding quality of life, treatments received since their outpatient clinic visit and their experiences at our outpatient clinic. Results A total of 13 patients participated. Most patients reported improvements in pain, mobility and overall situation. All patients received treatments after being denied an amputation, with some reporting good results. Many felt they had no part in decision making. Of the 13 participants 9 still had an amputation wish. Our participants scored worse in numerous aspects of their lives compared with patients with an amputation from a previous CRPS-I study of us. Conclusion This study shows that amputation should only be considered after all treatments have been tried and failed, since most participants reported improvements in aspects of their functioning over time. LAY ABSTRACT People with complex regional pain syndrome suffer from severe pains, usually in a limb, which can lead to serious and longstanding disability. Sometimes when all other treatments have been tried, amputation is the only option left. Not all patients are suitable for amputation. This study tries to gain insight into those patients who have been denied an amputation. Our findings show that over time most patients reported improvements in pain, mobility and overall situation. All patients received further treatments after being denied amputation. Our study showed that amputation should only be considered after all other treatments have been tried and have failed, since over time, most of our participants still reported improvements in various aspects of their functioning.
Robust Low-Rank Matrix Recovery

This paper focuses on robust estimation of the low-rank matrix $\Theta^*$ from the trace regression model $Y=\text{Tr} (\Theta^{*T} X) +\epsilon$. It encompasses four popular problems: sparse linear models, compressive sensing, matrix completion and multi-task regression as its specific examples. Instead of optimizing penalized least-squares, our robust penalized least-squares approach is to replace the quadratic loss by its robust version, which is obtained by the appropriate truncations or shrinkage of the data and hence is very easy to implement. Under only bounded $2+\delta$ moment condition on the noise, we show that the proposed robust penalized trace regression yields an estimator that possesses the same rates as those presented in Negahban and Wainwright (2011, 2012a) with sub-Gaussian error assumption. The rates of convergence are explicitly derived. As a byproduct, we also give a robust covariance matrix estimator called the shrinkage sample covariance and establish its concentration inequality in terms of the spectral norm when the random sample has only bounded fourth moment.
Etnomatematika pada Bentuk Jajanan Tradisional di Desa Kemiren Banyuwangi Khas Suku Osing sebagai Bahan Pembelajaran Matematika

Etnomatematika hadir dalam rangka menjembatani antara peserta didik dan kebudayaan, sehingga matematika mudah dipahami. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan etnomatematika pada bentuk jajanan tradisional di desa Kemiren, Banyuwangi khas suku Osing dan menyusun lembar kerja peserta didik dengan melibatkan etnomatematika. Jajanan tradisional khas Osing di desa Kemiren, Banyuwangi dijadikan sebagai objek penelitian karena jajanan tersebut diyakini masih tetap terjaga keunikannya. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan etnografi. Metode pengumpulan data yaitu observasi oleh 3 orang observer, wawancara dengan 3 pembuat jajanan tradisional khas suku Osing, dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat etnomatematika pada bentuk jajanan tradisional di desa Kemiren, Banyuwangi khas suku Osing yaitu konsep bilangan pecahan dan bilangan bulat, konsep aljabar dan perbandingan, konsep bangun datar dan ruang, konsep transformasi, konsep kesebangunan dan kekongruenan, serta konsep aritmatika sosial.
Fixed-mesh approach for different dimensional solids in fluid flows : application to biological mechanics

S. Miyauchi, A. Ito, S. Takeuchi and T. Kajishima, Fixed-mesh approach for different dimensional solids in fluid flows : application to biological mechanics, Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Sciences, Vol. 6, pp.818-844, UMP, 2014
Dose estimation in X-ray backscatter imaging with Timepix3 and TLD detectors

Nowadays, the detection of backscatter X-rays has become an essential part of road security scanners, where individuals are at risk of an accidental exposure to the pulsed photon radiation fields generated by the devices that implement this technique. Dose to soft-tissue measurements of a pulsed radiation field generated by a commercial cargo X-ray backscattering device are presented using a Timepix3 detector. To accurately estimate the imparted dose, the energy spectrum of a backscattering cargo scanner is measured with a thick CdZnTe hybrid semiconductor pixel detector. The deconvolution of this measured spectrum is performed and the contributions to the dose are calculated by means of the mass energy-absorption coefficients for soft-tissue. This methodology was assessed through a Monte-Carlo simulation, together with verification measurements using thermoluminescent detectors (TLDs) as a standard dosimetry system. Measurements of direct irradiation, for a 30 s scan with the device at 2 m from the detector, yielded a dose of (4.9 ± 0.7) μGy and (3.6 ± 0.3) μGy for the Timepix3 and TLDs, respectively. In a simulated cargo environment, with the detector behind a 1 mm thick steel wall, 30 s scan time, and 2 m source to detector distance, the dose measured by the Timepix3 was (1.7 ± 0.1) μGy, while for the TLDs (1.4 ± 0.6) μGy, showing that the proposed methodology has a similar response as compared to a standard dosimetry system.
EAE of Mice: Enzymatic Cross Site-Specific Hydrolysis of H2A Histone by IgGs against H2A, H1, H2B, H3, and H4 Histones and Myelin Basic Protein

Histones play vital roles in chromatin function and gene transcription; however, they are very harmful in the intercellular space because they stimulate systemic inflammatory and toxic responses. Myelin basic protein (MBP) is the major protein of the axon myelin–proteolipid sheath. Antibodies–abzymes with various catalytic activities are specific features of some autoimmune diseases. IgGs against individual histones (H2A, H1, H2B, H3, and H4) and MBP were isolated from the blood of experimental-autoimmune-encephalomyelitis-prone C57BL/6 mice by several affinity chromatographies. These Abs–abzymes corresponded to various stages of EAE development: spontaneous EAE, MOG, and DNA–histones accelerated the onset, acute, and remission stages. IgGs-abzymes against MBP and five individual histones showed unusual polyreactivity in the complex formation and enzymatic cross-reactivity in the specific hydrolysis of the H2A histone. All the IgGs of 3-month-old mice (zero time) against MBP and individual histones demonstrated from 4 to 35 different H2A hydrolysis sites. The spontaneous development of EAE over 60 days led to a significant change in the type and number of H2A histone hydrolysis sites by IgGs against five histones and MBP. Mice treatment with MOG and the DNA–histone complex changed the type and number of H2A hydrolysis sites compared to zero time. The minimum number (4) of different H2A hydrolysis sites was found for IgGs against H2A (zero time), while the maximum (35) for anti-H2B IgGs (60 days after mice treatment with DNA–histone complex). Overall, it was first demonstrated that at different stages of EAE evolution, IgGs–abzymes against individual histones and MBP could significantly differ in the number and type of specific sites of H2A hydrolysis. The possible reasons for the catalytic cross-reactivity and great differences in the number and type of histone H2A cleavage sites were analyzed.
The lung microbiota in nontuberculous mycobacterial pulmonary disease

Background The role of bacterial microbiota in the pathogenesis of nontuberculous mycobacterial pulmonary disease (NTM-PD) is unclear. We aimed to compare the bacterial microbiome of disease-invaded lesions and non-invaded lung tissue from NTM-PD patients. Methods We analyzed lung tissues from 23 NTM-PD patients who underwent surgical lung resection. Lung tissues were collected in pairs from each patient, with one sample from a disease-involved site and the other from a non-involved site. Lung tissue microbiome libraries were constructed using 16S rRNA gene sequences (V3–V4 regions). Results Sixteen (70%) patients had Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC)-PD, and the remaining seven (30%) had Mycobacterium abscessus-PD. Compared to non-involved sites, involved sites showed greater species richness (ACE, Chao1, and Jackknife analyses, all p = 0.001); greater diversity on the Shannon index (p = 0.007); and genus-level differences (Jensen-Shannon, PERMANOVA p = 0.001). Analysis of taxonomic biomarkers using linear discriminant analysis (LDA) effect sizes (LEfSe) demonstrated that several genera, including Limnohabitans, Rahnella, Lachnospira, Flavobacterium, Megamonas, Gaiella, Subdoligranulum, Rheinheimera, Dorea, Collinsella, and Phascolarctobacterium, had significantly greater abundance in involved sites (LDA >3.00, p <0.05, and q <0.05). In contrast, Acinetobacter had significantly greater abundance at non-involved sites (LDA = 4.27, p<0.001, and q = 0.002). Several genera were differentially distributed between lung tissues from MAC-PD (n = 16) and M. abscessus-PD (n = 7), and between nodular bronchiectatic form (n = 12) and fibrocavitary form (n = 11) patients. However, there was no genus with a significant q-value. Conclusions We identified differential microbial distributions between disease-invaded and normal lung tissues from NTM-PD patients, and microbial diversity was significantly higher in disease-invaded tissues. Trial registration Clinical Trial registration number: NCT00970801.
The development of adolescents’ loneliness during the COVID-19 pandemic: The role of peer status and contact with friends

The COVID-19 measures raised societal concerns about increases in adolescents’ loneliness. This study examined trajectories of adolescents’ loneliness during the pandemic, and whether trajectories varied across students with different types of peer status and contact with friends. We followed 512 Dutch students (Mage = 11.26, SD = 0.53; 53.1% girls) from before the pandemic (Jan/Feb 2020), over the first lockdown (March-May 2020, measured retrospectively), until the relaxation of measures (Oct/Nov 2020). Latent Growth Curve Analyses (LGCA) showed that average levels of loneliness declined. Multi-group LGCA showed that loneliness declined mostly for students with a victimized or rejected peer status, which suggests that students with a low peer status prior to the lockdown may have found temporary relief from negative peer experiences at school. Students who kept all-round contact with friends during the lockdown declined in loneliness, whereas students who had little contact or who did not (video) call friends did not.
No evidence for seasonal variations of the incidence of testicular germ cell tumours in Germany

The pathogenesis of testicular germ cell tumours (GCTs) is still incompletely understood. Any progress in its understanding must derive from observational studies. Recently, it has been suggested that the incidence of GCTs may follow a seasonal pattern based on circannual changes in the Vitamin D serum levels, with maximum incidence rates in winter months. To examine this promising hypothesis, we studied monthly incidence rates of testicular GCTs in Germany by analysing 30,988 GCT cases aged 15–69 years, diagnosed during 2009–2019. Monthly incident case numbers with data regarding histology and patient age were obtained from the Robert Koch Institut, Berlin, along with annual male population counts. We used precision weighting for deriving pooled monthly incidence rates for GCTs of the period 2009–2019. We stratified pooled rates by histology (seminoma and nonseminoma) and age (15–39 and 40–69 years). By assuming a cyclical effect, we used an estimator of the intensity of seasonal occurrence and report seasonal relative risks (RR). The mean monthly incidence rate was 11.93/105 person-months. The seasonal RR for testicular cancer over-all is 1.022 (95% CI 1.000–1.054). The highest seasonal RR was found in the subgroup of nonseminoma aged 15–39 years, with a RR 1.044 (95% CI 1.000–1.112). The comparison of the pooled monthly rates of the winter months (October—March) with the summer months (April-September) revealed a maximum relative difference of 5% (95% CI 1–10%) for nonseminoma, aged 15–39 years. We conclude that there is no evidence of a seasonal variation of incidence rates of testicular cancer. Our results are at odds with an Austrian study, but the present data appear sound because the results were obtained with precision weighted monthly incidence rates in a large population of GCT cases.
The relationship between study findings and publication outcome in anesthesia research following implementation of mandatory trial registration: A systematic review of publication bias

Previously, we reviewed 1052 randomized-controlled trial abstracts presented at the American Society of Anesthesiologists annual meetings from 2001–2004. We found significant positive publication bias in the period examined, with the odds ratio for abstracts with positive results proceeding to journal publication over those with null results being 2.01 [95% confidence interval: 1.52, 2.66; P < 0.001]. Mandatory trial registration was introduced in 2005 as a required standard for publication. We sought to examine whether mandatory trial registration has decreased publication bias in the anesthesia and perioperative medicine literature. We reviewed all abstracts from the 2010–2016 American Society of Anesthesiologists meetings that reported on randomized-controlled trials in humans. We scored the result of each abstract as positive or null according to a priori definitions. We systematically searched for any subsequent publication of the studies and calculated the odds ratio for journal publication, comparing positive vs null studies. We compared the odds ratio from the 2010–2016 abstracts (post-mandatory trial registration) with the odds ratio from the 2001–2004 abstracts (pre-mandatory trial registration) as a ratio of odds ratios. We defined a 33% decrease in the odds ratio as significant, corresponding to a new odds ratio of 1.33. We reviewed 9789 abstracts; 1049 met inclusion criteria as randomized-controlled trials, with 542 (51.7%) of the abstracts going on to publication. The odds ratio for abstracts with positive results proceeding to journal publication was 1.28 [95% CI: 0.97, 1.67; P = 0.076]. With adjustment for sample size and abstract quality, the difference in publication rate between positive and null abstracts was statistically significant (odds ratio 1.34; 95% CI: 1.02, 1.76; P = 0.037). The ratio of odds ratios, comparing the odds ratio from the 2010–2016 abstracts (post-mandatory trial registration) to the odds ratio from the 2001–2004 abstracts (pre-mandatory trial registration), was 0.63 (95% CI: 0.43, 0.93); P = 0.021). We present the first study in the anesthesia and perioperative medicine literature that examines and compares publication bias over two discrete periods of time, prior to and after the implementation of mandatory trial registration. Our results suggest that the amount of publication bias has decreased markedly following implementation of mandatory trial registration. However, some positive publication bias in the anesthesia and perioperative medicine literature remains.