Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Automatic houseware registration system for informationally-structured environment

To provide daily-life assistance appropriately by a service robot, the management of houseware's information in a room or a house is an indispensable function. Especially, the information about what and where objects are in the environment are fundamental and critical knowledge. We can track housewares with high reliability by attaching markers such as RFID tags to them, however, markerless housewares management system is still useful since it is easy-to-use and low cost. In this work, we present an object management system using an egocentric vision and a region-based convolutional neural network (R-CNN) to automatically detect and register housewares. The proposed system consists of smart glasses equipped with a wearable camera, a cloud database which manages object information, and a processing server for detecting and registering housewares to the cloud database. We perform two experiments. First, we train the R-CNN on a newly-constructed dataset to detect various housewares and configure a houseware-specific detector. All systems are composed of ROS packages. Second, we conduct experiments for automatic housewares registration using the proposed system. We demonstrate that the proposed system can detect, recognize, and register housewares approximately in real time.
Online learning for multi-channel opportunistic access over unknown Markovian channels

A fundamental theoretical problem in opportunistic spectrum access is the following: a single secondary user must choose a channel to sense and access at each time, with the availability of each channel (due to primary user behavior) described by a Markov Chain. The problem of maximizing the expected channel usage can be formulated as a restless multi-armed bandit. We present in this paper an online learning algorithm with the best known results to date for this problem in the case when channels are homogeneous and the channel statistics are unknown a priori. Specifically, we show that this policy, that we refer to as CSE, achieves a regret (the gap between the rewards accumulated by a model-aware Genie and the policy) that is bounded in finite time by a function that scales as O(log t). By explicitly learning the underlying statistics over time, this novel policy outperforms a previously proposed scheme shown to provide near-logarithmic regret.
Activation protein 1-dependent transcriptional activation of interleukin 2 gene by Ca2+/calmodulin kinase type IV/Gr

The Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase (CaMK) type IV/Gr is selectively expressed in T lymphocytes and is activated after signaling via the T cell antigen receptor (TCR), indicating that it mediates some of the Ca(2+)-dependent transcriptional events that follow TCR engagement. Here we show that CaMKIV/Gr induces the transcription factor activation protein 1 (AP-1) alone or in synergy with T cell mitogens and with the p21ras oncoprotein. CaMKIV/ Gr signaling is associated with transcriptional activation of c-fos but is independent of p21ras or calcineurin. AP-1 is an integral component of the nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) transcriptional complex, which is required for interleukin 2 gene expression in T cells. We demonstrate that CaMKIV/Gr reconstitutes the capacity of the cytosolic component of NFAT to direct transcription from NFAT sites in non-T cells. These results reveal a central role for CaMKIV/Gr as a Ca(2+)-regulated activator of gene transcription in T lymphocytes.
Real-time Haptic Modeling and Simulation for Prosthetic Insertion

In this work a surgical simulator is produced which enables a training otologist to conduct a virtual, real-time prosthetic insertion. The simulator provides the Ear, Nose and Throat surgeon with real-time visual and haptic responses during virtual cochlear implantation into a 3D model of the human Scala Tympani (ST). The parametric model is derived from measured data as published in the literature and accounts for human morphological variance, such as differences in cochlear shape, enabling patient-specific preoperative assessment. Haptic modeling techniques use real physical data and insertion force measurements, to develop a force model which mimics the physical behavior of an implant as it collides with the ST walls during an insertion. Output force profiles are acquired from the insertion studies conducted in the work, to validate the haptic model. The simulator provides the user with real-time, quantitative insertion force information and associated electrode position as user inserts the virtual implant into the ST model. The information provided by this study may also be of use to implant manufacturers for design enhancements as well as for training specialists in optimal force administration, using the simulator. The paper reports on the methods for anatomical modeling and haptic algorithm development, with focus on simulator design, development, optimization and validation. The techniques may be transferrable to other medical applications that involve prosthetic device insertions where user vision is obstructed.
Sensitive fluorescence detection of nucleic acids based on isothermal circular strand-displacement polymerization reaction

Here we have developed a sensitive DNA amplified detection method based on isothermal strand-displacement polymerization reaction. This method takes advantage of both the hybridization property of DNA and the strand-displacement property of polymerase. Importantly, we demonstrate that our method produces a circular polymerization reaction activated by the target, which essentially allows it to self-detect. Functionally, this DNA system consists of a hairpin fluorescence probe, a short primer and polymerase. Upon recognition and hybridization with the target ssDNA, the stem of the hairpin probe is opened, after which the opened probe anneals with the primer and triggers the polymerization reaction. During this process of the polymerization reaction, a complementary DNA is synthesized and the hybridized target is displaced. Finally, the displaced target recognizes and hybridizes with another probe, triggering the next round of polymerization reaction, reaching a target detection limit of 6.4 × 10−15 M.
The limitations of the clinical oral examination in detecting dysplastic oral lesions and oral squamous cell carcinoma.

BACKGROUND The clinical oral examination (COE) is the criterion standard for the initial detection of oral lesions that harbor dysplasia or oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) at an early stage when they are most treatable. The authors conducted a systematic review to assess the effectiveness of the COE in predicting histologic diagnosis of dysplasia or OSCC. METHODS The authors conducted automated searches of PubMed, Web of Knowledge, and the Cochrane Library from 1966 through 2010 for randomized controlled trials and observational studies that included the terms "oral mucosal lesion screening" and "oral lesions. " They determined the quality (sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and diagnostic odds ratio) of selected studies by using the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies tool. RESULTS The overall diagnostic odds ratio was 6.1 (95% confidence interval, 2.1-17.6); therefore, the COE was considered to have poor overall performance as a diagnostic method for predicting dysplasia and OSCC. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS On the basis of the available literature, the authors determined that a COE of mucosal lesions generally is not predictive of histologic diagnosis. The fact that OSCCs often are diagnosed at an advanced stage of disease indicates the need for improving the COE and for developing adjuncts to help detect and diagnose oral mucosal lesions.
Vibriocidal Assays to Determine the Antibody Titer of Patient Sera Samples

The vibriocidal titer assay can be used to detect antibodies against Vibrio cholerae in serum samples, serving as an indicator of prior infection and potential protection against cholera. The assay can be utilized in research and clinical settings to test the effectiveness of vaccines, and also in epidemiological studies relevant to cholera transmission and surveillance. This unit outlines the steps involved in conducting an easily interpreted colorimetric vibriocidal titer assay with a relatively short turnaround time for results of around 8 hr, with final result observations in 24 hr. The assay can also be easily scaled up or down to accommodate as many or as few serum samples available and is not V. cholerae strain specific. Curr. Protoc. Microbiol. 23:6A.3. 1‐6A.3. 9. © 2011 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Deviancy training and association with deviant peers in young children: Occurrence and contribution to early-onset conduct problems

The relationships of deviant talk and role taking during peer interaction, association with deviant peers, and growth in overt and covert conduct problems during kindergarten and first grade were examined in a community sample of 267 boys and girls. At entry to kindergarten, high levels of overt and covert conduct problems predicted association with deviant peers, and deviant peer association predicted deviant talk and role taking during peer interaction during kindergarten. Association with deviant peers, and deviant talk and role taking predicted growth in overt and covert conduct problems on the playground, in the classroom, and at home during kindergarten and first grade. Peer processes associated with growth in conduct problems that escalate rapidly during late childhood and adolescence appear to occur in earlier childhood. These peer processes may play a central role in the evolution of conduct problems to include covert as well as overt forms.This research was supported by National Institute of Health Grant MH57342.
Modelling Analysis and Auto-detection of Cryptographic Misuse in Android Applications

Cryptographic misuse affects a sizeable portion of Android applications. However, there is only an empirical study that has been made about this problem. In this paper, we perform a systematic analysis on the cryptographic misuse, build the cryptographic misuse vulnerability model and implement a prototype tool Crypto Misuse Analyser (CMA). The CMA can perform static analysis on Android apps and select the branches that invoke the cryptographic API. Then it runs the app following the target branch and records the cryptographic API calls. At last, the CMA identifies the cryptographic API misuse vulnerabilities from the records based on the pre-defined model. We also analyze dozens of Android apps with the help of CMA and find that more than a half of apps are affected by such vulnerabilities. Keywords—Modelling Analysis; Cryptographic Misuse; Vulnerability; Android.
From Intelligent Manufacturing to Smart Manufacturing for Industry 4.0 Driven by Next Generation Artificial Intelligence and Further On

Smart manufacturing (SM) is emerging as a new version of intelligent manufacturing (IM), reflecting the magnitude and impact of smart technologies such the Internet of Things, Cloud Computing, Cyber-Physical Systems and Big Data on Industry 4.0. This paper addresses how IM evolves to SM along with artificial intelligence (AI) evolution. To this end, this study first summarizes how the symbolic AI (called AI 1.0) characterized by structured contents and centralized control structures evolves into the next-generation AI (called AI 2.0) characterized by unstructured contents, decentralized control structures and machine learning (especially deep learning), and explain show IM enabled by AI 1.0 evolves into SM by AI 2.0 accordingly. Then, the comparison of IM and SM is discussed in detail. Finally, the further development of smart manufacturing for Industry 4.0 is given.
An iISS formulation for establishing robust stability of dynamical networks with neutral, retarded and communication delay

In this paper, we study dynamical networks consisting of neutral subsystems and propose a method that enables us to verify their stability and robustness with respect to time delays and disturbances. Time-delays are allowed not only to reside in both subsystems and interconnection channels in either of discrete and distributed forms, but also to appear in the neutral form. Each neutral subsystem is assumed to have a sort of integral input-to-state stable property. No assumption is made on the interconnection topology. A small-gain-type sufficient condition for global asymptotic stability and robustness of the network is developed and a Lyapunov-Krasovskii functional proving the stability is constructed.
End-to-End Saliency Mapping via Probability Distribution Prediction

Most saliency estimation methods aim to explicitly model low-level conspicuity cues such as edges or blobs and may additionally incorporate top-down cues using face or text detection. Data-driven methods for training saliency models using eye-fixation data are increasingly popular, particularly with the introduction of large-scale datasets and deep architectures. However, current methods in this latter paradigm use loss functions designed for classification or regression tasks whereas saliency estimation is evaluated on topographical maps. In this work, we introduce a new saliency map model which formulates a map as a generalized Bernoulli distribution. We then train a deep architecture to predict such maps using novel loss functions which pair the softmax activation function with measures designed to compute distances between probability distributions. We show in extensive experiments the effectiveness of such loss functions over standard ones on four public benchmark datasets, and demonstrate improved performance over state-of-the-art saliency methods.
Plants in movement – Floristic and climatic characterization of the New Jersey hinterland during the Palaeogene–Neogene transition in relation to major glaciation events

Abstract. Mid-Oligocene to Early Miocene terrestrial palynomorphs from the New Jersey hinterland (eastern North America: IODP-Expedition 313) were analysed, using light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy, to infer altitudinal spatial and long-term temporal vegetation migration in context of global climate change. The mesophytic forest was the most widespread vegetation type in the hinterland, with Quercus (Group Quercus, Quercus/Lobatae and aff. Group Protobalanus) being the dominant taxon. Pollen grains of the extinct genus Eotrigonobalanus (Fagaceae) are documented. To infer possible topographic palaeovegetation movements during the selected time interval terrestrial palynomorphs were assigned to six vegetation units. Relative abundances of vegetation units show weak temporal and spatial fluctuations, with the sum of bisaccate pollen grains being most pronounced. Periodic changes in vegetation units suggest movements of the plant cover responding to orbital-scale glacial-interglacial changes of the Oligocene and early Miocene. Relative abundances of several taxa (e.g. Carya) did not change significantly during the Oligocene, but alterations are recognizable when compared with an already published late Middle Miocene record from the same area, probably indicating biotic responds to environment change. A pollen-based bioclimatic analysis with four standard parameters (mean annual temperature, mean temperatures of the coldest and warmest month, mean annual precipitation) was performed to reconstruct palaeoclimatic changes indicating weak fluctuations in temperature and precipitation.
Industrie 4.0: Hit or Hype? [Industry Forum]

In Germany, the term Industrie 4.0 is currently prevalent in almost every industry-related fair, conference, or call for public-funded projects. First used at the Hanover Fair in 2011, the term, raised numerous discussions, and the major question is: is it a hit or hype? Even in politics, this term is used frequently with respect to German industry, and research efforts relating to it are currently supported by €200 million from government-funding bodies? the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research and the German Federal Ministry of Economic Affairs and Energy. The term Industrie 4.0 refers to the fourth industrial revolution and is often understood as the application of the generic concept of cyberphysical systems (CPSs) to industrial production systems (cyberphysical production systems). In North America, similar ideas have been brought up under the name Industrial Internet by General Electric. The technical basis is very similar to Industrie 4.0, but the application is broader than industrial production and also includes, e.g., smart electrical grids. The various definitions have caused confusion rather than increasing transparency. Overambitious marketing reinforced the confusion (Industrie 4.0 is already being done). This obscures the real and sound future visions behind Industrie 4.0. This column is intended to provide easy-to-understand access to the core ideas of Industrie 4.0 and describes the basic industrial requirements that need to be fulfilled for its success.
The Interplay of Stop Signal Inhibition and Inhibition of Return

Inhibition of return (IOR) refers to slower responding to a stimulus that appears in the same rather than a different location as that of a preceding stimulus. The goal of the present study was to examine the relationship between IOR and stop signal inhibition. Participants were presented with two stimuli (S1 and S2) on each trial. On half of the trials (go trials), participants were required to make a speeded button-press response to report the location of S1; on the other half of trials (stop trials), they were required to cancel the response to S1, as indicated by the appearance of a stop signal at a variable delay (stop signal delay, SSD) after the appearance of S1. Success in cancelling an S1 response varied directly as a function of the SSD: The longer the delay, the more difficult it was for participants to cancel the prepared response. We examined the magnitude of IOR in the S2 reaction times as a function of whether participants made a correct go response to S1, made an erroneous non-cancelled response to S1, or successfully cancelled a response to S1. Our results indicated that the presentation of a stop signal increased the magnitude of IOR, even when the S1 response was not successfully cancelled. However, this was true only when the to-be-cancelled response involved the same effectors as the response used to reveal IOR. These results suggest that there may be a motor component to IOR that is sensitive to the same inhibitory processes that are used to cancel responses in a stop signal paradigm.
A Decision Procedure for a Fragment of Linear Time Mu-Calculus

In this paper, we study an expressive fragment, namely Gµ, of linear time µ-calculus as a high-level goal specification language. We define Goal Progression Form (GPF) for Gµ formulas and show that every closed formula can be transformed into this form. Based on GPF, we present the notion of Goal Progression Form Graph (GPG) which can be used to describe models of a formula. Further, we propose a simple and intuitive GPG-based decision procedure for checking satisfiability of Gµ formulas which has the same time complexity as the decision problem of Linear Temporal Logic (LTL). However, Gµ is able to express a wider variety of temporal goals compared with LTL.
A Novel Block-based Watermarking Scheme Using the SVD Transform

In this paper, a block-based watermarking scheme based on the Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) is proposed. Our watermark, a pseudo-random Gaussian sequence, is embedded by modifying the angles formed by the right singular vectors of each block of the original image. The orthogonality property of the right singular vector matrix is preserved during the embedding process. Several experiments have been carried out to test the performance of the proposed scheme against different attack scenarios. We conclude that the proposed scheme is resistant against common signal processing operations and attacks, while it preserves the quality of the original image.
Friction behavior of 304 stainless steel of varying hardness lubricated with benzene and some benzyl structures

The lubricating properties of some benzyl and benzene structures were determined by using 304 stainless steel surfaces strained to various hardness. Friction coefficients and wear track widths were measured with a Bowden-Leben type friction apparatus by using a pin-on-disk specimen configuration. Results obtained indicate that benzyl monosulfide, dibenzyl disulfide, and benzyl alcohol resulted in the lowest friction coefficients for 304 stainless steel, while benzyl ether provided the least surface protection and gave the highest friction. Strainhardening of the 304 stainless steel prior to sliding resulted in reduced friction in dry sliding. With benzyl monosulfide, dibenzyl disulfide, and benzyl alcohol changes in 304 stainless steel hardness had no effect upon friction behavior.
Non‐mRNA 3′ end formation: how the other half lives

The release of nascent RNA from transcribing RNA polymerase complexes is required for all further functions carried out by RNA molecules. The elements and processing machinery involved in 3′ end formation therefore represent key determinants in the biogenesis and accumulation of cellular RNA. While these factors have been well‐characterized for messenger RNA, recent work has elucidated analogous pathways for the 3′ end formation of other important cellular RNA. Here, we discuss four specific cases of non‐mRNA 3′ end formation—metazoan small nuclear RNA, Saccharomyces cerevisiae small nuclear RNA, Schizosaccharomyces pombe telomerase RNA, and the mammalian MALAT1 large noncoding RNA—as models of alternative mechanisms to generate RNA 3′ ends. Comparison of these disparate processing pathways reveals an emerging theme of evolutionary ingenuity. In some instances, evidence for the creation of a dedicated processing complex exists; while in others, components are utilized from the existing RNA processing machinery and modified to custom fit the unique needs of the RNA substrate. Regardless of the details of how non‐mRNA 3′ ends are formed, the lengths to which biological systems will go to release nascent transcripts from their DNA templates are fundamental for cell survival.WIREs RNA 2013, 4:491–506. doi: 10.1002/wrna.1181
A new reconfigurable frequency selective surface design with wide tuning range

A new reconfigurable frequency selective surface (RFSS) design is introduced. The structure comprises a planar array of vertical dipoles which are pinned to the substrate at the center. The dipoles in each row are connected together with two long horizontal stripes at the top and the bottom so that by moving connecting stripes forward and backward horizontally, dipoles can rotate around their center. By controlling the movement of connecting stripes, the resonant frequency of the structure can be tuned. A very wide tuning range (more than 140% fractional bandwidth), with a negligible loss of performance, is obtained in filtering response. In order to attain physical insight of the performance of the structure we will first consider the equivalent circuit of the unit cells to obtain resonant frequencies and then simulate the structure using CST Microwave Studio. A good agreement between the results is observed. Moreover some preliminary experimental results provided to allow justification of the validity of our novel design. These features make the proposed structure promising for designing smart surfaces and filters to null out interference and also for implementing as an efficient switching device. The design can be scaled to find applications in different ranges of frequencies.