Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Serum adenosine deaminase levels are associated with diabetic kidney disease in type 2 diabetic patients

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the association between adenosine deaminase (ADA) levels and diabetic kidney disease (DKD) in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D). In this study, patients with T2D who had been screened for DKD were recruited. Patients with an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) < 60 mL/min/1.73 m2 or a urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR) ≥ 30 mg/g for 3 months were identified as having DKD. The prevalence of DKD was 13.3%, and the range of serum ADA levels was 4–37 U/L. Serum ADA levels were positively associated with cystatin C levels and UACR (r = 0.295 and r = 0.302, respectively, both P < 0.05) and negatively associated with eGFR (r = −0.342, P < 0.05). The proportion of participants with DKD increased significantly from 3.8% in the first tertile (T1) to 13.6% in the second tertile (T2) and 25.9% in the third tertile (T3) of ADA (P for trend < 0.001). After adjusting for clinical risk factors for DKD via multiple logistic regression, the corresponding odds ratios (ORs) of DKD for the participants in T2 and T3 vs those in T1 of ADA were 5.123 (1.282–20.474) and 10.098 (1.660–61.431), respectively. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis revealed that the optimal cutoff value of ADA to indicate DKD was 10 U/L. Its corresponding sensitivity and specificity were 75.5 and 56.4%, respectively. Our results demonstrated that serum ADA levels were closely associated with DKD and partly reflect the risk of DKD in patients with T2D.
Long-Term Complications in Youth-Onset Type 2 Diabetes.

BACKGROUND The prevalence of type 2 diabetes in youth is increasing, but little is known regarding the occurrence of related complications as these youths transition to adulthood. METHODS We previously conducted a multicenter clinical trial (from 2004 to 2011) to evaluate the effects of one of three treatments (metformin, metformin plus rosiglitazone, or metformin plus an intensive lifestyle intervention) on the time to loss of glycemic control in participants who had onset of type 2 diabetes in youth. After completion of the trial, participants were transitioned to metformin with or without insulin and were enrolled in an observational follow-up study (performed from 2011 to 2020), which was conducted in two phases; the results of this follow-up study are reported here. Assessments for diabetic kidney disease, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and nerve disease were performed annually, and assessments for retinal disease were performed twice. Complications related to diabetes identified outside the study were confirmed and adjudicated. RESULTS At the end of the second phase of the follow-up study (January 2020), the mean (±SD) age of the 500 participants who were included in the analyses was 26.4±2.8 years, and the mean time since the diagnosis of diabetes was 13.3±1.8 years. The cumulative incidence of hypertension was 67.5%, the incidence of dyslipidemia was 51.6%, the incidence of diabetic kidney disease was 54.8%, and the incidence of nerve disease was 32.4%. The prevalence of retinal disease, including more advanced stages, was 13.7% in the period from 2010 to 2011 and 51.0% in the period from 2017 to 2018. At least one complication occurred in 60.1% of the participants, and at least two complications occurred in 28.4%. Risk factors for the development of complications included minority race or ethnic group, hyperglycemia, hypertension, and dyslipidemia. No adverse events were recorded during follow-up. CONCLUSIONS Among participants who had onset of type 2 diabetes in youth, the risk of complications, including microvascular complications, increased steadily over time and affected most participants by the time of young adulthood. Complications were more common among participants of minority race and ethnic group and among those with hyperglycemia, hypertension, and dyslipidemia. (Funded by the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases and others; ClinicalTrials.gov numbers, NCT01364350 and NCT02310724.).
Association of Proportional Recovery After Stroke With Health-Related Quality of Life

Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text. Background and Purpose: No data exists on whether proportional recovery (PR) is associated with health-related quality of life (HRQOL) domains. We evaluated whether PR was associated with domain-specific HRQOL scores at 3 months after ischemic stroke. Methods: This prospective cohort study enrolled patients with ischemic stroke between January 2017 and June 2018. Impaired strength was assessed using the Fugl-Meyer Upper Extremity (range, 0–66 points) and Motricity Index (range, 0–100 points) during index hospitalization and 3 months. Both measures are well-validated and reliable in patients with stroke to assesses motor functioning. PR (defined as 70% of difference between initial score and maximum possible recovery) was calculated from the initial measurements. HRQOL was measured using Neuro-QOL domains: upper extremity, depression, and cognition domains. PR was evaluated with HRQOL domains using binomial logistic regression. Results: Final analysis included 84 patients (mean age 67.8±16.4 years; 44% male; 51.2% White). For both Fugl-Meyer Upper Extremity and Motricity Index, the PR threshold was met for 48.8% of patients. Failure to meet Motricity Index PR was only associated with increased odds of HRQOL depression impairment (adjusted odds ratio, 11.8 [95% CI, 1.23–112.7]). Failure to meet Fugl-Meyer Upper Extremity PR threshold was not associated with HRQOL impairment after adjustment. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that reaching the PR threshold provides poor discrimination of HRQOL. Despite not meeting expected PR thresholds, patients can still maintain un-impaired HRQOL, suggesting other factors play a role in preserved HRQOL.
The effect of food insecurity during college on graduation and type of degree attained: evidence from a nationally representative longitudinal survey

Abstract Objective: To examine the effect of food insecurity during college on graduation and degree attainment. Design: Secondary analysis of longitudinal panel data. We measured food insecurity concurrent with college enrolment using the 18-question United States Department of Agriculture Household Food Security Survey Module. Educational attainment was measured in 2015–2017 via two questions about college completion and highest degree attained. Logistic and multinomial logit models adjusted for socio-demographic characteristics were estimated. Setting: USA Participants: A nationally representative, balanced panel of 1574 college students in the USA in 1999–2003 with follow-up through 2015–2017 from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics. Results: In 1999–2003, 14·5 % of college students were food-insecure and were more likely to be older, non-White and first-generation students. In adjusted models, food insecurity was associated with lower odds of college graduation (OR 0·57, 95 % CI: 0·37, 0·88, P = 0·01) and lower likelihood of obtaining a bachelor’s degree (relative risk ratio (RRR) 0·57 95 % CI: 0·35, 0·92, P = 0·02) or graduate/professional degree (RRR 0·39, 95 % CI: 0·17, 0·86, P = 0·022). These associations were more pronounced among first-generation students. And 47·2 % of first-generation students who experienced food insecurity graduated from college; food-insecure first-generation students were less likely to graduate compared to first-generation students who were food-secure (47·2 % v. 59·3 %, P = 0·020) and non-first-generation students who were food-insecure (47·2 % v. 65·2 %, P = 0·037). Conclusions: Food insecurity during college is a barrier to graduation and higher-degree attainment, particularly for first-generation students. Existing policies and programmes that help mitigate food insecurity should be expanded and more accessible to the college student population.
How semantic knowledge enhances word recognition? New evidence from struggling readers performances

Abstract The current study examined the contribution of semantic knowledge to the process of reading aloud unfamiliar words among thirty non-typical readers from third grade. The performances of reading aloud were tested by using three lists of pseudowords: semantic, phonological, and un-trained. For each pseudoword in the list of semantic condition, an invented meaning was matched, and the participants orally trained to learn such invented meaning. For the list of the phonological condition, the participants were orally taught the pronunciation of the pseudowords only, while the third list of pseudowords was not trained at all. After the training phase, the subjects were examined by reading aloud the pseudowords which were presented randomly. For all lists of the pseudowords, there was no orthographic exposure before the reading trial. The findings showed that the higher levels of accuracy were significantly recorded for the semantic condition as compared to the other conditions, without a significant difference in the reading rate between all the conditions. The current findings were discussed in the context of the contribution of semantic activation to reading aloud of written words.
Approach to the High-Risk Cardiac Patient

To the Editor E lectroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is recognized as a safe and effective treatment for severe treatment-resistant depression. Certain medical conditions can lead to serious complications and need to be considered before initiating treatment. Significant cardiac comorbidities present risks of particular importance in affected patients. During ECT, a surge of catecholamines is often seen with the stimulus-induced seizure activity, resulting in increased heart rate, blood pressure, and cardiac output. Patients with heart failure and low ejection fraction may be unable to tolerate this sympathetic discharge due to hemodynamic instability and arrhythmias. Because of these complications and concerns for increased mortality, certain providers may be hesitant to initiate treatment in affected patients. In this case, wewill discuss the consideration of risks and benefits and treatment planning for a patient with severely reduced ejection fraction who underwent a successful ECT series in hopes of helping other providers considering ECT in similar patients.
Rat bite fever, a diagnostic challenge: case report and review of 29 cases

Rats can transmit Streptobacillus moniliformis, which may cause rat‐bite fever (RBF), a rare and potentially lethal zoonosis. Fastidious in vitro growth and unspecific symptoms, including fever, arthralgia, and polymorphous skin lesions, complicate the diagnosis. Rat‐bite fever follows exposure to contaminated bodily fluids of infected rodents; however, reports on Streptobacillus moniliformis‐related infections are few so far. A female patient presented with painful hemorrhagic pustules and purpuric lesions on hands and feet. She developed fever and migratory polyarthralgia. Blood culture yielded growth with Streptobacillus moniliformis. The patient owned rats and handled contaminated rat feces and urine, making this the most likely etiology of infection. We report a case of RBF due to Streptobacillus moniliformis in a rat handling‐patient. Difficulties in clinical and microbiological diagnosis highlight the need for a thorough and complete history‐taking and a greater understanding of this rare infectious disease.
Hybrid Algorithm Based on Genetic Simulated Annealing Algorithm for Complex Multiproduct Scheduling Problem with Zero-Wait Constraint

Aiming at the complex multiproduct scheduling problem with 0-wait constraint, a hybrid algorithm based on genetic algorithm (GA) and simulated annealing (SA) algorithm was studied. Based on the results of pruning and grading to the operation tree of complex multiproduct, the design structure matrix (DSM) with precedence constraints was established. ,en, an initial population coding method based on DSM was proposed and three strategies to optimize the initial population were proposed to improve the quality of the initial population for the situation of multiple operations in the same grade which need to be processed on the same machine. ,e specific process flow and the setting method of related parameters for the hybrid algorithm were given out. For the infeasible solution produced in the crossover operation, the repair method was proposed. In the decoding process with makespan as the optimization objective, the chromosome genes were classified and the decoding for complex multiproduct scheduling problem with 0-wait constraint was realized through the analysis of its characteristics. ,e effectiveness of the proposed algorithm for complexmultiproduct scheduling problemwith 0-wait constraint is verified by the test of related examples in the existing literature.
A Linux Kernel Implementation of the Homa Transport Protocol

Homa/Linux is a Linux kernel module that implements the Homa transport protocol. Measurements of Homa/Linux reconfirm Homa’s superior performance compared to TCP and DCTCP. In a cluster benchmark with 40 nodes, Homa/Linux provided lower latency than both TCP and DCTCP for all message sizes; for short messages, Homa’s 99th percentile tail latency was 7–83x lower than TCP and DCTCP. The benchmarks also show that Homa has eliminated network congestion as a significant performance limitation. Both tail latency and throughput are now limited by software overheads, particularly software congestion caused by imperfect load balancing of the protocol stack across cores. Another factor of 5–10x in performance can be achieved if software overheads can be eliminated in the future.
Validation and Prediction of the Temperature-Dependent Henry's Constant for CO2–Ionic Liquid Systems Using the Conductor-like Screening Model for Realistic Solvation (COSMO-RS)

Henry's constant H of carbon dioxide in a number of ionic liquids (ILs) has been studied using the predictive method COnductor-like Screening MOdel for Realistic Solvation (COSMO-RS). Experimental H values for 14 CO2–IL systems spread over a temperature range of (283 to 333) K have been used to estimate the parameters λ1 and λ2 of the combinatorial term to calculate the chemical potential. The H values of CO2 in 18 other ILs have been validated and found to be in good agreement with the experimental data with a relative deviation of less than 10 %. Cation groups like imidazolium, pyridinium, ammonium, uronium, thiouronium, and phosphonium have been studied. A total of 12 anions such as L–, BF4–, EtSO4–, TFA–, OctSO4–, Tf2N–, mFAB–, eFAB–, mFAP–, eFAP–, pFAP–, and bFAP– were studied to find the most favorable cation and anion combination for high CO2 solubility. It was observed that increasing the fluorination of organic anions containing fluoro alkyl groups gave lower Henry's constant values (following th.
Attitudes of Non-native Speakers of English Studying in Australia towards World Englishes

The present study explores attitudes of non-native speakers of English studying in a reputable university in Melbourne, Australia, towards world Englishes. In particular, the study investigates different attitudes between students enrolled in a university subject, which indirectly promotes the students’ acceptance towards them and those who have not taken the subject towards world Englishes. The present study uses the direct approach, which allows informants to give an account of their attitudes (McKenzie, 2010). By adopting a questionnaire designed by Yoshikawa (2005), the present study seeks to answer two research questions: (1) Do non-native English students taking the subject have different attitudes from non-native English students who have not taken the subject towards world Englishes? (2) Do the students enrolled in Linguistic-Related majors have different attitudes from the students enrolled in Non-Linguistic-Related majors towards world Englishes? The findings of the study will contribute to the literature on world Englishes and the identification of a possible way to promote the acceptance of world Englishes. The results show that informants who are taking/have taken the subject tend to have more positive attitudes towards non-Inner Circle varieties than those who have not taken the subject. Similar results are also shown among informants grouped based on their majors in which Linguistics-Related ones are more acceptant. However, there is no significant difference regarding their attitudes toward Inner Circle English.
Risk and Financial Performance Primary and Secondary Stakeholder Activism on Firms ' Perceived Environmental Social Movements , Risk Perceptions , and Economic Outcomes : The Effect of

Although risk assessments are critical inputs to economic and organizational decisionmaking, we lack a good understanding of the social and political causes of shifts in risk perceptions and the consequences of those changes. This article uses social movement theory to explain the effect of environmental activism on corporations’ perceived environmental risk and actual financial performance. We define environmental risk as audiences’ perceptions that a firm’s practices or policies will lead to greater potential for an environmental failure or crisis that would expose it to financial decline. Using data on environmental activism targeting U.S. firms between 2004 and 2008, we examine variation in the effectiveness of secondary and primary stakeholder activism in shaping perceptions about environmental risk. Our empirical analysis demonstrates that primary stakeholder activism against a firm affects its perceived environmental risk, which subsequently has a negative effect on the firm’s financial performance.
A Survey Paper on Issues and Challenges in Facial Expression Recognition with solution.

: With the progress of Facial Expression Recognition (FER) from research laboratory-controlled to testing in-the-wild conditions and the new accomplishment of Deep learning strategies in different fields, deep neural Networks have progressively been utilized to learn discriminative portrayals for programmed FER. Ongoing Deep FER frameworks for the most part center on different significant issues and difficulties: Imbalance, intra-class varieties, Illumination and differentiation over-fitting, and so forth brought about by an absence of adequate preparing datasets like FRE2013, CK+, AffectNet, EmotioNet, MMI, and so on. In this overview paper, Firstly present the accessible datasets that are generally utilized in the writing and give acknowledged information determination and assessment standards for these datasets and then focused on the issues and challenges with FER and provide the solution with respect to issues and challenges and summarized with competitive performances based on the static and dynamic images.
Composition, Physicochemical Properties, and Uses of Acorn Starch

The major component of acorn is starch, which may amount up to 55% of the dry weight. Lack of systematic knowledge on acorn starch greatly hinders the further development of acorns as sustainable crops. This review aims to summarize the current knowledge of the isolation, chemical composition, physicochemical properties, and uses of acorn starches and to provide future research directions. The amylose content of the acorn starches is reported to vary in the range of 20–39%. Moisture content, lipid, ash, and protein contents of the acorn starches have been reported varying from 2.20 to 15.50%, 0.23 to 2.64%, 0.01 to 1.41%, and 0.01 to 6.7%, respectively. Thermal and pasting properties that have usually been determined using differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) and rapid viscoanalyzer (RVA) are also discussed in this article. Acorn starch has great potential for various food and nonfood applications due to the unique structural and functional features.
Exploiting the Data Hierarchy with Geometry Aware Sparse Grids for Image Classiﬁcation

Currently, the geometry aware sparse grids allow us to use only simple stencils for image classiﬁcation on a normal resolution. In this thesis, I present the data hierarchy, a set of different coarsened images of the original data, that allow us to apply complex stencils on lower resolutions while still being able to process the original image through simple stencils. By exploiting the data hierarchy the accuracy in some cases is improved by nearly 5%. I also present the class of hierarchical parent stencils that can work vertically on the data hierarchy and uses fewer interaction terms allowing us to establish a data hierarchy without necessarily increasing the number of grid points. Smart use of the data hierarchy and multiple stencils allows us to apply sparse grid image classiﬁcation in cases that would have been infeasible before.
On the Role of Learning, Human Capital, and Performance Incentives for Wages

Performance pay for most workers makes up only a small fraction of total pay. In this paper, we show that performance pay is nevertheless important for the dynamics of wages over the life cycle because of the incentives it provides for human capital acquisition. We argue so within a model that combines three key mechanisms for wage growth and dispersion, namely, human capital accumulation on the job, employer learning about workers’ ability, and performance incentives. We use this model to account for the experience profile of wages, their dispersion, and their composition in terms of fixed and variable (performance) pay. Our model admits a decomposition of performance pay over the life cycle into four terms that capture: i) the trade-off between risk and incentives characteristic of moral-hazard situations; ii) the insurance that firms provide against uncertainty about ability; iii) incentives for effort due to this uncertainty (career concerns); and iv) incentives for effort from human capital acquisition. Despite its parsimony, the model fits the data very well, including the observation that performance pay as a share of total pay, which measures the sensitivity of pay to performance, first increases and then declines with experience after peaking at around 20 years, contrary to the prediction of standard models that this ratio should be increasing especially at the end of the life cycle. Our estimates imply that human capital acquisition and insurance against uncertainty about ability are quantitatively the most important determinants of the sensitivity of pay to performance. Importantly, we also find that through the cumulative impact of effort on human capital acquisition, incentives for performance are a critical source of wage growth and dispersion over the life cycle.