Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Fear of predators alters herbivore regulation of soil microbial community function

Abstract Fear of predation can affect important ecosystem processes by altering the prey traits expression that, in turn, regulates the quantity and quality of nutritional inputs to soil. Here, we aimed to assist in bridging a knowledge gap in this cascading chain of events by exploring how risk of spider predation may affect grasshopper prey performances, and the activity of various microbial extracellular enzymes in the soil. Using a mesocosms field‐experiment, we found that grasshoppers threatened by spider predation ate less, grew slower, and had a higher body carbon to nitrogen ratio. Herbivory increased activity of all microbial extracellular enzymes examined, likely due to higher availability of root exudates. Predation risk had no effect on C‐acquiring enzymes but decreased activity of P‐acquiring enzymes. We found contrasting results regarding the effect of predation on the activity of N‐acetyl‐glucosaminidase and leucine arylamidase N‐acquiring enzymes, suggesting that predation risk may alter the composition of N‐inputs to soil. Our work highlighted the importance of soil microbial enzymatic activity as a way to predict how changes in the aboveground food‐web dynamics may alter key ecosystem processes like nutritional‐cycling.
Clinical and cognitive correlates tractography analysis in patients with white matter hyperintensity of vascular origin

Purpose White matter hyperintensity lesions (WMHL) in the brain are a consequence of cerebral small vessel disease and microstructural damage. Patients with WMHL have diverse clinical features, and hypertension, advanced age, obesity, and cognitive decline are often observed. However, whether these clinical features are linked to interrupted structural connectivity in the brain requires further investigation. This study therefore explores the white matter pathways associated with WMHL, with the objective of identifying neural correlates for clinical features in patients with WMHL. Methods Diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and several clinical features (MoCA scores, hypertension scores, body mass index (BMI), duration of hypertension, total white matter lesion loads, and education. ) highly related to WMHL were obtained in 16 patients with WMHL and 20 health controls. We used diffusion MRI connectometry to explore the relationship between clinical features and specific white matter tracts using DSI software. Results The results showed that the anterior splenium of the corpus callosum, the inferior longitudinal fasciculus, the anterior corpus callosum and the middle cerebellar peduncle were significantly correlated with hypertension scores (false discovery rate (FDR) = 0.044). The anterior splenium of the corpus callosum, the left thalamoparietal tract, the inferior longitudinal fasciculus, and the left cerebellar were significantly correlated with MoCA scores (FDR = 0.016). The anterior splenium of corpus callosum, inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus, cingulum fasciculus, and fornix/fimbria were significantly correlated with body mass index (FDR = 0.001). Conclusion Our findings show that hypertension score, MoCA score, and BMI are important clinical features in patients with WMHL, hypertension degree and higher BMI are associated with whiter matter local disconnection in patients with WMHL, and may contribute to understanding the cognitive impairments observed in patients with WMHL.
Clinical and endoscopic features of primary small bowel lymphoma: a single-center experience from mainland China

Objective The worldwide incidence of primary small intestinal lymphoma (PSIL) is increasing. However, little is known about the clinical and endoscopic characteristics of this disease. The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical and endoscopic data of patients with PSIL, with the goal of enhancing our understanding of the disease, improving diagnostic accuracy, and facilitating more accurate prognosis estimation. Methods Ninety-four patients diagnosed with PSIL were retrospectively studied at Qilu Hospital of Shandong University between 2012 and 2021. The clinical data, enteroscopy findings, treatment modalities, and survival times were collected and analyzed. Results Ninety-four patients (52 males) with PSIL were included in this study. The median age of onset was 58.5 years (range: 19-80 years). Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (n=37) was the most common pathological type. Abdominal pain (n=59) was the most frequent clinical presentation. The ileocecal region (n=32) was the most commonly affected site, and 11.7% of patients had multiple lesions. At the time of diagnosis, the majority of patients (n=68) were in stages I-II. A new endoscopic classification of PSIL was developed, including hypertrophic type, exophytic type, follicular/polypoid type, ulcerative type, and diffusion type. Surgery did not show a significant increase in overall survival; chemotherapy was the most commonly administered treatment. T-cell lymphoma, stages III-IV, “B” symptoms, and ulcerative type were associated with poor prognosis. Conclusion This study provides a comprehensive analysis of the clinical and endoscopic features of PSIL in 94 patients. This highlights the importance of considering clinical and endoscopic characteristics for accurate diagnosis and prognosis estimation during small bowel enteroscopy. Early detection and treatment of PSIL is associated with a favorable prognosis. Our findings also suggest that certain risk factors, such as pathological type, “B” symptoms, and endoscopic type, may affect the survival of PSIL patients. These results underscore the need for careful consideration of these factors in the diagnosis and treatment of PSIL.
Autism trends in a medium size coastal town of England

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a complex set of neurodevelopmental conditions which affects just under 1% of the global population. This study aims to investigate the trends in ASD diagnoses in a typical English deprived coastal community over the last two decades. ASD information for patients registered at Fleetwood GP practices were provided for the period between July 1952 to March 2022. The incidence and prevalence were calculated and Poisson regression modelling was employed to estimate the effects of age and sex on the number of ASD diagnoses over time. The study shows that there has been an upward trend in the number of ASD diagnoses over the past two decades. Model’s results showed that sex differences in ASD diagnoses are less pronounced when accounting for time trends. The study findings show that Fleetwood has experienced a similar rise in ASD cases as the rest of the UK, most likely due to increased awareness that may explain the time effects over gender differences. However, due to the small sample size of the study, confirmation of the gender results and identification of the factors determining the temporal trends are needed in order to determine the gender effects in ASD diagnosis.
Excellent efficacy and beneficial safety during observational 5-year follow-up of rapid steroid withdrawal after renal transplantation (Harmony FU study)

ABSTRACT Background We previously reported excellent efficacy and improved safety aspects of rapid steroid withdrawal (RSWD) in the randomized controlled 1-year “Harmony” trial with 587 predominantly deceased-donor kidney transplant recipients randomized either to basiliximab or rabbit antithymocyte globulin induction therapy and compared with standard immunosuppressive therapy consisting of basiliximab, low tacrolimus once daily, mycophenolate mofetil and corticosteroids. Methods The 5-year post-trial follow-up (FU) data were obtained in an observational manner at a 3- and a 5-year visit only for those Harmony patients who consented to participate and covered clinical events that occurred from the second year onwards. Results Biopsy-proven acute rejection and death-censored graft loss rates remained low and independent of RSWD. Rapid steroid withdrawal was an independent positive factor for patient survival (adjusted hazard ratio 0.554, 95% confidence interval 0.314–0.976; P = .041). The reduced incidence of post-transplantation diabetes mellitus in RSWD patients during the original 1-year study period was not compensated by later incidences during FU. Incidences of other important outcome parameters such as opportunistic infections, malignancies, cardiovascular morbidity/risk factors, donor-specific antibody formation or kidney function did not differ during FU period. Conclusions With all the limitations of a post-trial FU study, the Harmony FU data confirm excellent efficacy and beneficial safety aspects of RSWD under modern immunosuppressive therapy over the course of 5 years after kidney transplantation in an immunologically low-risk, elderly population of Caucasian kidney transplant recipients. Trial registration: Clinical trial registration number: Investigator Initiated Trial (NCT 00724022, FU study DRKS00005786)
Intelligibility in Context Scale: Growth Curves for Typically Developing English-Speaking Children Between Ages 2;6 and 9;11

Purpose: The aim of this study was to quantify the clinical utility of the Intelligibility in Context Scale (ICS) English version by characterizing the growth patterns of the ICS composite scores and seven ICS individual item scores of typically developing American English–speaking children. Method: Parents of 545 typically developing children aged 2;6–9;11 (years;months) completed the ICS. Using a proportional odds model, we regressed ICS composite scores on age and computed for model-estimated mean and lower quantile ICS composite scores. Logistic regression and proportional odds modeling were utilized to quantify the relationship of individual ICS items and age. Results: ICS composite scores of typically developing children changed with age, but change was small and incremental, with scores compressed between 3 and 5 across the range of ages. An average child (i.e., on the 50th percentile) is expected to have an ICS composite score of 4 beginning at 3;0 and an ICS composite score of 5 by 6;6. On average, parents gave different intelligibility ratings based on communicative partners, and the rating differences between communicative partners decreased with age. Conclusions: Given that ICS scores increase with age, the expected score for average children also increases. A child's age is a main factor for interpreting ICS scores.
Forbidden structures and algorithms in graphs and digraphs

The ingredients of a typical structure theorem in graph theory include a containment relation and a family of graphs F . The theorem then describes the structure of graphs that do not contain (in the sense of the given relation) any member of F . Perhaps the most celebrated structure theorem in graph theory is one due to Robertson and Seymour that describes the structure of all graphs not containing a particular graph as a minor. The graph minor theorem has many algorithmic consequences. One such consequence is a polynomial-time algorithm to solve the disjoint-paths problem in graphs. At the heart of the algorithm is a structure theorem which says that every graph either has a large grid minor or has bounded tree-width. In this thesis we prove several excluded structure theorems that we similarly use to obtain polynomial-time algorithms. One such theorem says that if a digraph G does not contain a digraph H as an immersion, then the cutwidth of G is bounded by a function of the size of H and the independence number of G. As a consequence of this theorem, we obtain a polynomial-time algorithm to solve the edge-disjoint paths problem in digraphs with bounded independence number. Another structure theorem proved in this thesis says that if a tournament T does not contain a subdivision of a digraph H as a subgraph, then the pathwidth of the tournament is bounded by a function of the size of H. We use this theorem to obtain a polynomial-time algorithm to test whether a tournament contains a subdivision of a fixed digraph. In the second part of this thesis, we use a structure theorem of Chudnovsky and Seymour to prove two approximate versions of Hadwiger's conjecture for the class of claw-free graphs. Hadwiger's conjecture says that every graph with chromatic number χ has a clique minor of size χ. We prove that every claw-free graph with chromatic number χ has a clique minor of size 2c3 . We also prove that a claw-free graph with n vertices and independence number α has a clique minor of size na .
The relationship between Indonesian young people’s knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) of MyPlate with sociodemographic, body satisfaction, accessibility, and source of information

MyPlate is a 2017 campaign about Indonesian Balanced Nutrition Guidelines. Nutrition knowledge of young people plays an important role since nutritional status of young people affects offspring’s health. Moreover, they are more likely to be obese later in life, particularly in urban areas. The main objective of this descriptive study was to assess the relationship between knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) of MyPlate with sociodemographic, body satisfaction (BS), accessibility and source of information. Data were collected in a cross-sectional study involving 413 young people in Jakarta. The online questionnaire was modified from previous studies, validated by three experts, pre-tested and proven to be reliable through Cronbach’s alpha value of 0.714. In this study, most participants had poor knowledge (54%), good attitude (80%), fair practice (72%), fair BS (51%) and good accessibility (70%). Chi-square analysis showed significant relationships (p-value < 0.05) of knowledge with BS, education level, major; attitude with accessibility; practice with BS and accessibility; BS with gender; accessibility with socioeconomic status; source of information with education level and major. Moreover, the biggest source of MyPlate information was this questionnaire (45%), which means they were not familiar with MyPlate before. This study verifies the necessity to intensify its promotion and improve nutritional knowledge and practice in young people.
Sub-acute effects of psilocybin on EEG correlates of neural plasticity in major depression: Relationship to symptoms

Background: Evidence suggests that serotonergic psychedelics (e.g. psilocybin), have rapid-acting and long-lasting antidepressant effects after a single dose. However, the mechanism underlying these effects remain unclear. One proposed mechanism is that these drugs promote neuroplasticity. However, this has not been conclusively demonstrated in humans. Aims: We hypothesized that relative to placebo, psilocybin would: (1) increase electroencephalographic (EEG) correlates of neuroplasticity, (2) reduce depression symptoms, and (3) changes in EEG would correlate with improvements in depression. Methods: In this double-blind, placebo-controlled, within-subject study, individuals with major depressive disorder (MDD; n = 19) were administered placebo followed by psilocybin (0.3 mg/kg) in a fixed order (placebo, followed by psilocybin 4 weeks later). EEG indices of neuroplasticity (tetanus-induced long-term potentiation) as assessed via auditory evoked theta (4–8 Hz) power and measures of depression (GRID Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression-17 (GRID-HAM-D-17)) were measured at several time-points after placebo and psilocybin (24 h and 2 weeks after each session). Results: EEG theta power doubled in amplitude 2 weeks after a single psychedelic dose of psilocybin but not after placebo. Further, improvements in depression symptoms 2 weeks after psilocybin were correlated with increases in theta power. Conclusions: The increased theta power observed represents evidence of sustained changes in the brain following psilocybin. Given the correlation with enhancement in depressive symptoms, changes in theta may represent an EEG biomarker of the sustained effects of psilocybin, and may shed light on potential mechanisms of psilocybin’s antidepressant effect. Taken together, these results complement the emerging notion that psilocybin, and perhaps other psychedelics, can produce long-term alterations in neuroplasticity.
Old dog, new tricks? Exploring the potential functionalities of ChatGPT in supporting educational methods in social psychiatry

Background: Artificial Intelligence is ever-expanding and large-language models are increasingly shaping teaching and learning experiences. ChatGPT is a prominent recent example of this technology and has generated much debate around the benefits and disadvantages of chatbots in educational domains. Aim: This study seeks to demonstrate the possible use-cases of ChatGPT in supporting educational methods specific to social psychiatry. Methods: Through interactions with ChatGPT 3.5, we asked this technology to list six ways in which it could aid social psychiatry teaching. Subsequently, we requested that ChatGPT perform one of the tasks it identified in its responses. Findings: ChatGPT highlighted several roles it could fulfil in educational settings, including as an information provider, a tool for debates and discussions, a facilitator of self-directed learning and a content-creator for course materials. For the latter scenario, based on another prompt, ChatGPT generated a hypothetical case vignette for a topic relevant to social psychiatry. Conclusions: Based on our experiences, ChatGPT can be an effective teaching tool, offering opportunities for active and case-based learning for students and instructors in social psychiatry. However, in their current form, chatbots have several limitations that must be considered, including misinformation and inherent biases, although these may only be temporary in nature as these technologies continue to advance. Accordingly, we argue that large-language models can support social psychiatry education with appropriate caution and encourage educators to become attuned to their potential through further detailed research in this area.
ESD whistlers from local Thunderstorms observed at Srinagar (L = 1.28) – First observation from Low Latitudes

This paper reports the first observation of extremely small dispersion (ESD) whistlers from thunderstorms recorded during magnetic storm period at a low latitude ground station Srinagar (geomag. lat., 240 10' N; L=1.28). ESD whistlers with dispersion varying from 4-5 sec1⁄2 surprisingly in large numbers were recorded on 06 April, 2011 at Srinagar during local thunderstorm period in the daytime afternoon. Such type of daytime ESD whistlers from local thunderstorm recorded during magnetic storm period at Srinagar has never been reported from any of the low latitude ground stations and is the first observation from low latitudes. Results of the study of the characteristics of daytime ESD whistlers from local thunderstorms observed at Srinagar shows that these whistlers are ducted whistlers and are found to obey perfectly the Eckersley law. Since the dispersion of these daytime ESD whistlers are found in the extremely small range of the order of 5 sec1⁄2 which clearly shows that these whistlers have propagated over an extremely small path along the ducted field lines. It is proposed that daytime ESD whistlers from local thunderstorms recorded at Srinagar are the VLF waves radiated from the return stroke of lightning discharge present in local thunderstorms penetrated the ionosphere in waveguide mode and then they propagated to the other hemisphere along the geomagnetic field line of latitude ~ 50 in whistler duct formed by the local thunderstorm electrostatic electric fields. After reaching the opposite hemisphere, these whistler waves again traverse in the waveguide mode to reach the observing station Srinagar. The generation and propagation mechanisms of these ESD whistlers observed during local thunderstorms are discussed.
ZerosofNetworkedSystemswithTime-invariant Interconnections

This paper studies zeros of networked linear systems with time-invariant interconnection topology. While the characterization of zeros is given for both heterogeneous and homogeneous networks, homogeneous networks are explored in greater detail. In the current paper, for homogeneous networks with time-invariant interconnection dynamics, it is illustrated how the zeros of each individual agent’s system description and zeros denable from the interconnection dynamics contribute to generating zeros of the whole network. We also demonstrate how zeros of networked systems and those of their associated blocked versions are related.
Management of urinary tract infections in the community; clinical audit and patient survey.

BACKGROUND Urinary tract infection (UTI) is a common ailment but can develop into sepsis. The outcomes related to UTI may potentially be affected by both patient and clinician management of UTI. AIM To explore the circumstances around a single UTI episode, to determine if there are patient and clinician related variables that may contribute to differences in management. DESIGN & SETTING Survey and clinical audit in 12 General Practices in England. METHOD Patients, n=504, completed a bespoke survey and their corresponding index UTI consultation was audited . The TARGET (Treat Antibiotics Responsibly, Guidance, Education and Tools) UTI audit toolkit was utilised. RESULTS Males self-manage their UTI symptoms - eg, increased fluid intake (P<0.001, Chi-squared test) and analgesics use (P 0.036, Chi-squared test) - and indicate they lack UTI knowledge when compared to females (P 0.002, Kruskal-Wallis test). Males also claimed to have waited significantly longer for a consultation appointment (P 0.027, Chi-squared test). Antibiotics were prescribed in 98% of all cases, with adherence to clinical diagnostic guidelines lowest in females <65 years. Only 41% (89/221 of cases in this guideline sub-cohort) would have been a UTI - according to TARGET criteria - following a medical record audit. CONCLUSION UTI symptom management by clinicians is sub-optimal; (the lack of) symptoms are often insufficiently recorded in medical records. Additionally, suboptimal adhere to guidelines concerning urinalysis and microbiological investigation is common. Known increased clinical risks for males may be compounded by their more limited knowledge of (self)-managing UTI and their comparatively late presentation.
On the Auslander–Reiten conjecture for Cohen–Macaulay rings and path algebras

ABSTRACT In this note, it is shown that the validity of the Auslander–Reiten conjecture for a given d-dimensional Cohen–Macaulay local ring R depends on its validity for all direct summands of d-th syzygy of R-modules of finite length, provided R is an isolated singularity. Based on this result, it is shown that under a mild assumption on the base ring R, satisfying the Auslander–Reiten conjecture behaves well under completion and reduction modulo regular elements. In addition, it will turn out that, if R is a commutative Noetherian ring and 𝒬 a finite acyclic quiver, then the Auslander–Reiten conjecture holds true for the path algebra R𝒬, whenever so does R. Using this result, examples of algebras satisfying the Auslander–Reiten conjecture are presented.
Identification of the shared gene signatures and molecular pathways in systemic lupus erythematosus and diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma

Diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL) incidence is higher in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients than the general population, but the molecular mechanisms behind this link remain ambiguous. The aim of this study was to investigate shared gene signatures and molecular pathways between SLE and DLBCL.