Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect of Moringa oleifera feed supplementation on the serum biochemical profile of broilers challenged with very virulent infectious bursal disease virus

Objective: This study was conducted to assess the effect of dietary Moringa oleifera leaf (MOL) feed supplementation on serum biochemical parameters of broilers challenged with very virulent infectious bursal disease virus (vvIBDV). Materials and methods: Two hundred and forty day-old Ross 308 hybrid broiler chicks were randomly assigned into four groups (A, B, C and D) of 60 chicks each and raised in deep litter housing. Broiler starter (BS) and broiler finisher (BF) mash were formulated each with 5% MOL included as part of the feed ingredient for broilers in groups A and B while BS and BF for broilers in groups C and D were formulated without MOL. Broilers in groups A, B and C were challenged intraocularly at 35 days of age with with 0.05 mL of a live vvIBDV, while those in group D served as control. Blood was collected from 10 broilers in each group via the wing vein at 35, 38 and 42 days of age to determine their serum biochemical profile. Results: The level of melondialdehyde (MDA) was observed to significantly decrease in groups A and C. There was a significant decrease in the level of AST in group A, B, C and D. The values of ALT significantly decreased in group A, B, C and D. Conclusion: Supplementing broilers feed with MOL neither protect the liver from damage nor prevent lipid peroxidation.
The intervention of valproic acid on the tumorigenesis induced by an environmental carcinogen of PAHs.

This study investigated whether valproic acid (VPA, a histone deacetylase inhibitor) can interfere with the carcinogenicity of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). A typical representative compound of PAHs, 7,12-Dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA), was used to induce rat breast cancer. The results showed that therapeutic concentration of VPA (50 and 100 mg/kg) delayed the occurrence of tumors, reduced tumor formation rate and attenuated tumors growth, and have a protective effect on normal tissues. The macrophage-mediated inflammatory response was found to be associated with the observed effect of VPA. In addition, we screened and validated a possible gene, Sema3c, which was involved in DMBA-induced breast cancer development and can be inhibited by VPA.
Older Women’s Experiences in the Icelandic Workforce – Positive or Negative?

The purpose of the study is to gain a deeper understanding of older women’s experiences in the labour market, how they value their job opportunities and perceived attitudes towards them. Qualitative interviews were conducted with seven women aged 57–74 years who all have at least 10 years working experience after they turned 40. Experiencing discrimination in the workforce was often mentioned by the women. Their experience is that men are less discriminated against on grounds of age than women. Older women pride themselves for participating in the workforce for being reliable, unselfish and undemanding rather than being experienced, skillful and good at their jobs. The results indicate that it is important to research further the well-being of older women in the labour market and try to change the negative attitudes and discrimination that appear prevalent. Ageism against older women can affect their well-being and health and must be prevented.
Growth and Characterization of Radiation Sensors Based on Single Crystals of Hybrid Metal–Organic Methylammonium Lead Bromide and Iodide Perovskite

The inverse temperature (T)‐dependent methods yield single crystals of methylammonium lead halide perovskite with strained lattices. In contrast, the antisolvent diffusion method (antisolvent‐vapor crystallization (AVC)) produces unstrained MAPbBr3 crystals with more uniform growth features and lower density of defects. The powder X‐ray diffraction (XRD) measurements confirm the cubic and the tetragonal structure of the MAPbBr3 and the MAPbI3 samples, respectively. The XRD pole figure measurements (MAPbBr3) reveal a roughly parallel dominant (100) lattice plane to the sample surface. An optimal crystal growth combines growth of a seed on an oriented substrate by the AVC method followed by either the AVC or a T‐dependent method. The estimated resistivity ρ and the density of trap state ntrap values for the MAPbI3 samples are 107 Ωcm and 1010 cm−3, respectively. The X‐ray detection test reveals promising electrical properties of the MAPbI3 material. Results from the Hall measurements in van der Pauw geometry for the MAPbBr3 samples agree with those in the literature: the charge‐carrier concentration of 109−1010 cm−3 and the mobility of 7–289 cm2 V−1 s−1, ntrap of 109−1010 cm−3, and ρ of 107–108 Ωcm. These electrical parameters indicate that the MAPbBr3 samples satisfy requirements for radiation sensors.
The Structure of Ecological Networks Across Levels of Organization

Interactions connect the units of ecological systems, forming networks. Individual-based networks characterize variation in niches among individuals within populations. These individual-based networks merge with each other, forming species-based networks and food webs that describe the architecture of ecological communities. Networks at broader spatiotemporal scales portray the structure of ecological interactions across landscapes and over macroevolutionary time. Here, I review the patterns observed in ecological networks across multiple levels of biological organization. A fundamental challenge is to understand the amount of interdependence as we move from individual-based networks to species-based networks and beyond. Despite the uneven distribution of studies, regularities in network structure emerge across scales due to the fundamental architectural patterns shared by complex networks and the interplay between traits and numerical effects. I illustrate the integration of these organizational scales by exploring the consequences of the emergence of highly connected species for network structures across scales.
INTENTION TO ADOPT: USING OF BARCODE SYSTEM TO REDUCE HEALTH SERVICE ERRORS

This study aims to examine the factors driving the intention to adopt an information system through the use of patient barcode system at a hospital in Surakarta. This study is necessary to explore the variables forming the information system adoption intention in order to improve the performance of hospital medical personnel. Survey method and questionnaire were applied in data collection. The data were collected using a probability sampling technique resulting in a number of 100 questionnaires to be processed. SPSS was used to test the instrument of the study, while SEM using AMOS method was applied to test hypotheses. The results showed that to be able to increase the confidence of user to form the intention to adopt barcode systems in hospitals is influenced by the condition of the facility not because of management pressure and social pressure. Intention to Adopt Information System, Trust, Facility Condition, Managerial Pressure, Social Pressure, Barcode System.
UPSTREAM PATHWAYS REGULATING ERYTHROPOIETIN GENE EXPRESSION IN THE LIVER DURING ACUTE PHASE RESPONSE: A CENTRAL ROLE FOR IL-6.

The acute phase response is the systemic reaction of an organism to insults like infection, trauma, or burning and it represents the first line of defense of the body to tissue-damaging attacks.The source of circulating erythropoietin (EPO), the mediators and the mechanisms involved in the up-regulation of EPO-gene-expression during acute-phase reaction are still poorly understood. Acute phase reaction was induced either by intramuscular turpentine oil (TO) or intraperitoneal LPS injection into wild type and IL-6 knockout (KO) mice. Animals were sacrificed at different time points and blood, liver and muscle tissue were collected. Serum levels of erythropoietin were measured by ELISA; liver and injured muscle samples were processed for RNA isolation and for protein analysis. EPO, HIF-1alpha and HIF-2alpha-mRNA was analysed by RT-PCR and the protein levels by western blot and EMSA. HIF-1alpha and HIF-2alpha localization was performed through immunofluorecence staining. EPO, HIF-1 and HIF-2 gene and protein expression were also analyzed in isolated mouse hepatocytes following stimulation with IL-6. In the wild type animals erythropoietin serum levels increased dramatically at 12h after the insults together with the hepatic gene expression. In TO-treated animals the EPO-gene expression reached a peak of 8.2-fold increase at 12h and in LPS treated mice a similar induction was recorded at 6 hours (about 4.5-fold increase). In the IL6KO strain, the up-regulation after the inflammatory stimuli was much lower (only 2.0-fold increase). A progressive up-regulation of HIF-1alpha and HIF-2alpha was detectable until 6 hours after the insults, but only HIF-1alpha up-regulation was reduced in IL-6KO mice. In isolated hepatocytes, stimulation with a single dose of IL-6 induced a nuclear accumulation of HIF-1alpha, in parallel with an increase of EPO mRNA. No effect on HIF-2alpha expression was reported. These results suggest that EPO may be added to the increasing group of positive acute phase-proteins and it might represent the major source of the hormone under these conditions in murine liver. Interleukin-6 appears to be the main regulator of EPO-gene-expression and a major contributor for HIF-1alpha induction in hepatocytes and Kupffer cells during acute-phase-response. The increase of HIF-2alpha, predominantly expressed in endothelial cells and fibroblast-like cells, seems not to be affected by the lack of IL-6.
Raindrop Signature from Microwave Radiometer Over Deserts

Rainfall estimates from spaceborne microwave radiometers form the foundation of global precipitation data sets. Since the beginning of the satellite microwave rainfall estimation era in the 1980s, the primary signature leveraged over land for these estimates has been the brightness temperature (TB) depression due to ice particle scattering. Contrary to this practice, time series analyses based on observations from two spaceborne radars and two spaceborne radiometers reveal a TB increase at H19 due to raindrop emission as the primary cloud particle signature over desert terrain. Low surface emissivity supports the use of liquid raindrop emission as the primary signature over desert surfaces. In these regions, the surface rain rate better correlates with the liquid raindrop emission signal than with the scattering induced by ice further aloft, suggesting a new potential for improving rainfall estimation over deserts by exploiting the liquid raindrop emission signature.
Ultrastructure of spermatophoral sperm in the freshwater gastropod Thiara amarula (Linnaeus, 1758) (Cerithioidea: Thiaridae) potential taxonomic features including eusperm nuclear content differentiation

The ultrastructure of spermatophoral sperm is investigated for the first time in a cerithioidean gastropod. Thiara amarula (Linnaeus, 1758), a widespread Indo-West Pacific species of the Thiaridae, produces uniaxonemal euspermatozoa and multiaxonemal paraspermatozoa. Euspermatozoa possess a laterally-flattened acrosomal vesicle (with eccentrically positioned invagination and subacrosomal material), a tubular, laterally-compressed nucleus, an elongate midpiece (with four, straight, equal-sized mitochondria each with parallel cristae), an elongate glycogen piece and an end piece. The eusperm nucleus exhibits or is associated with a number of unusual features including: (1) nuclear contents differentiated into two components (fibrous, highly electron-dense material, enclosing a pair of less-dense, finely granular tracts); (2) nuclear invagination with two elongate grooves aligned at 90 degrees to the axonemal central microtubules and parallel with the 1 and 5 axonemal doublets; (3) a periodically-banded rootiet associated with the centriolar complex near the nuclear apex; (4) an electron-dense structure attaching the nucleus to the axoneme at the nucleus-midpiece junction. Feature (1) has been reported elsewhere in Melanoides tuberculata (Thiaridae), but in no other examined gastropods (or other molluscs) and its purpose is unknown. Paraspermatozoa of T. amarula possess an elongate head region (up to 14 axonemes and large, irregular mitochondria enclosed by sheath of spherical, dense vesicles), a short 'glycogen' region and a posterior tuft of glycogen tails. The two sperm types do not form spermatozeugmata and observations suggest that neither type undergoes any noticeable structural change while inside the spermatophore. Sperm features suggest a close relationship between T. amurula and M. tuberculata and more broadly with other 'Group T cerithioidean families exhibiting four equal-sized eusperm mitochondria, including Potamididae, Modulidae, Scaliolidae, Melanopsidae, Semisulcospiridae and Pleuroceridae.
Chronotype and time metaphors: morning-types conceive time as more friendly and less hostile

Abstract Recent studies have shown that diurnal preference (Morningness–Eveningness, also labeled chronotype) is an important predictor of temporal perspectives. In the present paper we draw upon these results in a study aiming to investigate differences between Morning-, Neither- and Evening-types in conceiving time. Based on data gathered from a sample of 316 university students, we analyzed associations between chronotype and dimensions of Time Metaphors Questionnaire. Morning preference was associated with a more positive, friendly view of time, whereas evening preference was related to conceiving time as negative and hostile. The above results were obtained using both dimensional and circadian typology approaches. The results are in line with a growing body of data indicating elevated negative emotionality of Evening-types. Possible mechanisms underpinning these associations are discussed in light of recent developments in the field of chronopsychology.
Perspectives on the future of manufacturing within the Industry 4.0 era

Abstract The technological choices facing the manufacturing industry are vast and complex as the industry contemplates the increasing levels of digitization and automation in readiness for the modern competitive age. These changes broadly categorized as Industry 4.0, offer significant transformation challenges and opportunities, impacting a multitude of operational aspects of manufacturing organizations. As manufacturers seek to deliver increased levels of productivity and adaptation by innovating many aspects of their business and operational processes, significant challenges and barriers remain. The roadmap towards Industry 4.0 is complex and multifaceted, as manufacturers seek to transition towards new and emerging technologies, whilst retaining operational effectiveness and a sustainability focus. This study approaches many of these significant themes by presenting a critical evaluation of the core topics impacting the next generation of manufacturers, challenges and key barriers to implementation. These factors are further evaluated via the presentation of a new Industry 4.0 framework and alignment of I4.0 themes with the UN Sustainability Goals.
The Effects of Micro-organisms in Simulated Soil Burial on Cellulosic and Proteinaceous Textiles and the Morphology of the Fibres

ABSTRACT The aim of this research was to compare the performance of different cellulosic and proteinaceous textiles when exposed to the action of micro-organisms and to produce reference data for fibre identification of biodegraded textiles. Thus, the effects of micro-organisms grown in simulated soil burial on the textiles and their fibres were investigated. Cotton, linen, hemp, nettle, silk, and wool textiles were used for the experiments. Samples were buried in loam soil for 2, 4, 8, 16, and 32 weeks in a laboratory environment away from light. The cellulosic textiles were more readily attacked by microorganisms, followed by the wool, while the preservation of the silks was remarkable. The molecular composition and structure of the fibres, as well as the structure of the textiles themselves seem to be responsible for the different degrees of deterioration. The morphology of all fibres apart from silk was severely affected, in some cases to unrecognisable degrees. Notable degradation patterns developed like diagonal splits and grooves in cotton; longitudinal splits, erosion, and fibrillation in linen, hemp, and nettle; shedding of the scales and fibrillation in wool; and exposure of the inner fibrils in silk.
Phosphorus content in soil and in fresh and cooked red beet in dependence on different fertilization

Three-year field fertilization trial with red beet (Beta vulgaris var. conditiva) was carried out in a hillymountainous part of Croatia. The trial was set up according to the Latin square method with four fertilization treatments (unfertilized control, 5 kg m-2 stable manure, and 50 and 100 g m-2 NPK 5-20-30). The highest soil phosphorus content was obtained in the treatment with 100 g m-2 NPK 5-20-30 or stable manure (up to 139 mg P2O5 kg-1 soil). In all three investigation years, the highest fresh and cooked red beet phosphorus content was recorded in the treatment with 5 kg m-2 stable manure (400 and 358 mg P 100 g-1 dry weight). The highest values were recorded in 2005, probably owing to very good agroecological conditions. Cooked red beet phosphorus content was 10 % lower than in fresh red beet in all trial years.
Trade‐offs between seed size and biotic interactions contribute to coexistence of co‐occurring species that vary in fecundity

Despite theoretical advances, the ecological factors and functional traits that enable species varying in seed size and fecundity to coexist remain unclear. Given inherent fecundity advantages, why don't small‐seeded species dominate communities? In perennial grasslands, we evaluated whether small‐seeded species are less tolerant of competition from the community dominant bunchgrass than large‐seeded species, but also less vulnerable to seed predation by mice. We also explored whether trade‐offs involving competitive tolerance include two other functional traits, height and leaf mass per area (LMA). We added seeds of 17 forb species to plots where bunchgrass competition and rodent seed predation were manipulated across sites varying in bunchgrass productivity and thus competitive intensity. Seeds were added at densities mimicking interspecific variation in fecundity among target species. Standardizing for differences in fecundity (i.e. seed input, which enabled us to evaluate inherent interspecific differences in susceptibility to biotic interactions), bunchgrass competition more greatly reduced recruitment and establishment of small‐ versus large‐seeded species, whereas rodent seed predation more greatly reduced the recruitment of large‐ versus small‐seeded species. Plant height and LMA were unrelated to the competition effect size. Small‐seeded species abundance decreased across sites increasing in bunchgrass productivity, whereas this was not the case for large‐seeded species. For adult plants but not seedlings, community‐weighted functional trait means (CWM) for seed size, height and LMA increased in plots with versus without bunchgrass competition and the CWM for seed size and height also increased at sites with greater bunchgrass productivity (for adults only). In contrast, rodent seed predation had no significant effects on CWM seed size. At the end of the experiment, adult abundance positively correlated with plant fecundity in plots lacking bunchgrass, indicating the inherent advantages accrued to high fecundity small‐seeded species. However, with bunchgrass competition, abundances were equalized across species due to reduced competitive tolerance of high fecundity small‐seeded species. Synthesis. Our results suggest that coexistence among subordinate forb species varying in seed size and fecundity is in‐part due to a trade‐off involving competitive tolerance and fecundity, mediated by seed size and associated functional traits.
Unidirectional ultrabroadband and wide-angle absorption in graphene-embedded photonic crystals with the cascading structure comprising the Octonacci sequence

Using the transfer matrix method, a unidirectional absorber with an ultrabroadband absorption bandwidth and angular stability is realized in the graphene-embedded photonic crystals (GPCs) arranged by the cascading structure formed with the periodic sequence and the quasi-periodic Octonacci sequence in the terahertz regime. As a result, the surface conductivity of the graphene sheet can be modulated via the chemical potential, and the characteristics of the proposed absorber are tunable. Compared to the structure spliced by the diverse periodic sequences, the relative absorption bandwidth of the proposed composite construction is up to 94.53%, which far outweighs that of the periodic one. We compare the Octonacci sequence, the Fibonacci sequence, and the Thue–Morse sequence, and the calculated results reveal the advantage of the Octonacci sequence in the expansion of the absorption bandwidth. Under the optimization of the related parameters, the incident wave is primarily reflected in the forward propagation and absorbed in a wide range of θ under the TM mode in backward propagation, which shows the splendid unidirectionality and angular stability. The impacts of the chemical potential, structural thicknesses, and stack numbers on the absorption properties are also investigated in detail. Additionally, the impedance match theory and the interference field theory are introduced to explain the intrinsic absorption mechanism of the presented GPCs. In short, the unidirectional broadband and angle-insensitive absorber has extensive application prospects in optical sensing, optical filtering, photodetection, and solar energy collection.
Effect of LP-system activation using externally added potassium thiocyanate, glucose oxidase, and glucose on total bacterial count and pH variability in raw buffalo milk

Lactoperoxidase system has received high attention for raw milk preservation, because the system exerts hypothiocyanate ions to inhibit the growth of broad spectrum bacteria. The effectiveness of Lactoperoxidase system varies with LP-component concentration. LP-system was activated using different enzyme (glucose oxidase), substrate (glucose) concentrations in the presence of potassium thiocyanate at 37C. Comparison was made by measuring extent of bacterial multiplication (SPC) and pH variation. At 37C, for control milk, total bacterial count was around 5.057±0.057 log10 cfu/ml at 0 hour but it showed increasing effect up to 8.732±0.024 log10 cfu/ml after 5 hour. Whereas total bacterial count for LP-activated milk under varying concentrations of thiocyanate (30, 15 and 7.5 mg/l) with 2000 mg/l glucose and 400 U/l glucose oxidase was 7.239±0.239, 8.241±0.037 and 8.900±0.055 log10 cfu/ ml respectively after 9 hour at 37C that clearly indicated the effectiveness of LP-component concentration on bacterial multiplication. pH of activated milk was continuously decreasing in milk samples with lower enzyme (glucose oxidase) substrate (glucose) concentration.