Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Parasitism of Native Luna Moths, Actias luna (L.) (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae) by the Introduced Compsilura concinnata (Meigen) (Diptera: Tachinidae) in Central Virginia, and Their Hyperparasitism by Trigonalid Wasps (Hymenoptera: Trigonalidae)

Abstract Parasitism rates of the nonnative tachinid fly, Compsilura concinnata (Meigen), on experimental populations of native luna moth caterpillars (Actias luna (L.)) were determined in central Virginia, where both C. concinnata and the gypsy moth, its biocontrol target, have become established in the past few decades. In a forest that has not yet had gypsy moth damage, we placed cohorts of second through fifth instar Actias luna caterpillars on understory hickory trees. At the end of each instar, surviving caterpillars were collected and reared. Four parasitoid species and two hyperparasitoid species emerged from the caterpillars and pupae. C. concinnata was the most common parasitoid, attacking 0% to 62% of the caterpillars recovered in each instar. Hyperparasitism of C. concinnata by trigonalid wasps was high: 47% and 16% in the two generations. UV light census data indicate that current saturniid populations in this area of central Virginia are robust, but the long-term effects of C. concinnata introductions on populations of these and other native macrolepidoptera should be monitored.
Lichenometry

s, 7th INQUA Congress, Boulder, Colorado, 25-26. Beschel, R.E. and Weidick, A. 1973: Geobotanical and geomorphological reconnaissance in West Greenland, 1961. Arctic and Alpine Research 5, 311-19. Billings, W.D. and Mooney, H.A. 1968: The ecology of arctic and alpine plants. Biological Reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society 43, 481-529. Birkeland, P.W. 1973: The use of relative-dating methods in a stratigraphic study of rock glacier deposits, Mt Sopris, Colorado. Arctic and Alpine Research 5, 401-16. 1981: Soil data and the shape of the lichen growth-rate curve for the Mount Cook area (Note). New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics 24, 443-45. 1982: Subdivision of Holocene glacial deposits, Ben Ohau Range, New Zealand, using relative-dating methods. Bulletin of the Geological Society of America 93,433-49. Birkenmajer, K. 1980: Age of the Penguin Island Volcano, South Shetland Islands (West Antarctica) by the lichenometric method. Bulletin de l’Acad&eacute;mie Polonaise des Sciences, S&eacute;rie des Sciences de la Terre 27, 69-76. 1981: Lichenometric dating of raised marine beaches at Admiralty Bay, King George Island (South Shetland Islands, West Antarctica). Bulletin de l’Acad&eacute;mie Polonaise des Sciences, S&eacute;rie des Sciences de la Terre 29, 119-27. Brodo, I.M. 1965: Studies of growth rates of corticolous lichens on Long Island, New York. Bryologist 68, 451-56. 1973: Substrate ecology. In Ahmadjian, V. and Hale, M.E. , editors, The lichens, New York: Academic Press, 401-41. Brown, D.H. and Beckett, R.P. 1984: Uptake and effect of cations on lichen metabolism. Lichenologist 16, 173-88. Brown, D.H. , MacFarlane, J.D. and Kershaw, K.A. 1983: Physiological-environmental interactions in lichens XVI. A reexamination of resaturation respiration phenomena. New Phytologist 93, 237-46. Burbank, D.W. 1981: A chronology of late Holocene glacier fluctuations on Mount Rainier, Washington. Arctic and Alpine Research 13, 369-86.
PALEOMERUS‐MEROSTOME OR MEROSTOMOID

The relation between segmentation and length of the head tagma in some groups of arthropods is discussed and used for a tentative assignation of Paleomerus to Merostomoidea Stormer, 1944. The relationships between Strabopidae Gerhardt, 1932, and Paleomeridae are discussed. A new specimen of P. hamiltoni gives some idea of the exterior surface of the exoskeleton.
Using Instructional Time and Race/Ethnicity to Predict Social Studies Accountability Test Results

This study investigated the relationship among the variables instructional time configuration, gender, race/ethnicity, and poverty to predict the academic performance of seventh-grade students on a statemandated social studies accountability test. Results of 24,919 seventh-grade student social studies test scores from 117 middle schools, as well as a survey given to principals of the same 117 middle schools, were analyzed. A hierarchical multiple regression analysis showed that when controlling for poverty, the variables instructional time configuration and race/ethnicity were significant, explaining 11% of the variation in student social studies accountability test results; a small effect. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) were also used to illuminate the relationship of these variables on accountability test performance.
Protein requirements for females of Nellore, Nellore × Angus and Nellore × Simmental fed on two forage: concentrate ratios

This study aimed to determine the protein requirements for females of Nellore, F1 Nellore × Angus and F1 Nellore × Simmental fed on two concentrate levels (30 and 50%). Sixty heifers from three genetic groups with 18 months of age were used: 20 Nellore, 20 Nellore × Angus and 20 Nellore × Simmental. Twelve heifers of the reference group (four of each genetic group) were slaughtered at the beginning of the experiment. Another 12 heifers (four of each genetic group) were fed on the level of maintenance and 36 heifers (12 animals of each genetic group) were kept in power system ad libitum with 30% (six of each group) or 50% (six of each group) dietary dry matter in concentrate. Heifers were randomly assigned to six treatments in a 3 × 2 factorial arrangement (three genetic groups and two diets) with six replicates per treatment. Nine more heifers (three from each genetic group) were used to estimate the apparent digestibility coefficients of food in a parallel experiment. A model was fitted according to the protein retained as function of the gain of empty body weight (EBW) and retained energy (RE) to calculate the protein net requirements. To estimate the metabolizable protein requirements for maintenance the consumption of metabolizable protein was contrasted with EBW. The joint use of the equation net protein gain (NPG) = 197.40 × EBWg - 11.14 × RE is recommended to predict the protein net requirements for weight gain. Protein and metabolizable protein net requirements for maintenance are 1.07 and 3.88 g/EBW0.75/day, respectively. The use efficiency of metabolizable protein for gain of all genetic groups is 37.04%.
Stuttering and compulsive manipulation of tools after hemorrhage in the anterior corpus callosum and cingulate gyrus: a case study

ABSTRACT Purpose: This report describes a female patient with acquired stuttering and compulsive manipulation of tools after hemorrhage in the cingulate gyrus and anterior corpus callosum. To investigate the relation between callosal stuttering and lesions of the corpus callosum, analysis of earlier studies was performed along with analysis of this patient's stuttering. Methods: The patient received speech therapy over a 7-week period and tests of speech fluency were undertaken at 91 and 128 days after lesions developed. Results: Speech sample analysis revealed the following: (1) stuttering frequency during the first test was lower than during the second test, (2) during the first test, blocks and simultaneous struggle were observed. However, blocks were absent during the second test, (3) stuttering adaptation effects were 0% during the first and second tests. Stuttering and accessory symptoms such as closing of the eyes and neck muscle tension persisted after compulsive manipulation of tools had ceased. Conclusions: The relationship between onset of acquired stuttering and the lesion's location in the corpus callosum is unclear. Features of stuttering and accessory symptoms were observed to be similar to past reports of psychogenic stuttering. The present patient appeared to present with a combination of neurogenic and psychogenic stuttering, similar to the case presented by our previous study.
Effect of Substrate Concentration on Short Chain Fatty Acid Production in In vitro Cultures of Human Faeces with Lactulose, a Rapidly Fermented Carbohydrate

Objective : Fermentation of unabsorbable carbohydrate produces short chain fatty acids (SCFA) and rapidly lowers human colonic pH. SCFA produced in vivo will be absorbed. However, in vitro batch cultures are often used for assessing the fermentation characteristics of a carbohydrate. These models have several limitations. The accumulation of fermentation products due to increased substrate concentration may transform bacterial activity. In addition the enzymes involved in the fermentation process may become saturated producing misleading results. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of substrate concentration on SCFA production in vitro. Design : The effect of substrate concentration was estimated using incremental portions of lactulose in an in vitro fermentation model. Comparison of the total SCFA produced from increasing amounts of carbohydrate with those calculated by multiples of that produced from 2.5 mg/ml lactulose showed a progressive decrease in the production of SCFA with increasing lactulose. Results : The SCFA production from 10 mg/ml lactulose was significantly less than that from 7.5 mg/ml and when compared with amounts predicted from multiples of 2.5 mg/ml lactulose, was significantly reduced by 40-60%. Conclusion : Substrate concentration must be carefully selected to give a true index of SCFA production from rapidly fermentable carbohydrates.
Biology and ecomorphology of stream fishes from the rio Mogi-Guaçu basin, Southeastern Brazil

The corrego Pauliceia is a direct tributary of the rio Mogi-Guacu, located in Santa Rita do Passa Quatro, State of Sao Paulo, Southeastern Brazil. This stream runs inside a savannah-like (cerrado) environment and it associated vegetation. Biological and ecomorphological aspects of its fish community were studied in three stretches of the stream, denominated herein as the upper, middle and lower courses. The fish fauna recorded in this study consisted of 15 species, belonging to five orders and nine families, based in a total of 715 collected individuals representing 1,450 kg of biomass. The most important abiotic factors related to the occurrence and distribution of the fish fauna were the substrate, current speed, and presence or absence of riparian vegetation. The analysis of 336 stomach contents of 13 species demonstrated that 65% of food items are autochthonous, 32% allochthonous, and 3% are of unknown origin. Four alimentary guilds could be identified, based on the predominant food items: omnivores with tendency to insectivory - Astyanax paranae, A. fasciatus and Piabina argentea; larvivores - Corydoras difluviatilis, Cetopsorhamdia iheringi, Phenacorhamdia tenebrosa, Characidium gomesi, Eigenmannia virescens, and Rhamdia quelen; periphyton feeders - Hisonotus sp. , Hypostomus ancistroides and Synbranchus marmoratus; and piscivore - Hoplias malabaricus. Reproductions data are presented for Astyanax altiparanae and Hisontus sp. Three ecomorphological groups could be established, based on swimming, feeding, and microhabitat strategies: nektonic (A. fasciatus, A. paranae, Bryconamericus stramineus, P. argentea, H. malabaricus and Phallotorynus jucundus), benthic (C. gomesi, P. tenebrosa, C. iheringi, R. quelen, C. difluviatilis, H. ancistroides and Hisonotus sp.), and necktobenthic (E. virescens and S. marmoratus).
The rice coleoptile: an example of anaerobic nitrate assimilation

Nitrate present in rice caryopses can be reduced to ammonium and the ammonium subsequently assimilated by the coleoptile during anaerobic germination. All the enzymes of nitrate reduction and ammonia assimilation are present in the coleoptile. The supply of 15 NO 3 confirms that the nitrate nitrogen is anaerobically incorporated into amino acids. Under anoxia, nitrate and nitrite reductase activities are increased in the coleoptile by exogenous nitrate. The importance of nitrate utilization during the anaerobic germination of rice caryopses is discussed
Impact of heat shock on heat shock proteins expression, biological and commercial traits of Bombyx mori

We report the thermotolerance of new bivoltine silkworm, Bombyx mori strains NB4D2, KSO1, NP2, CSR2 and CSR4and differential expression of heat shock proteins at different instars. Different instars of silkworm larva were subjected to heat shock at 35°C, 40°C and 45°C for 2 hours followed by 2 hours recovery. Heat shock proteins were analyzed by SDS‐PAGE. The impact of heat shock on commercial traits of cocoons was analyzed by following different strategies in terms of acquired thermotolerance over control. Comparatively NP2 exhibited better survivability than other strains. Resistance to heat shock was increased as larval development proceeds in the order of first instar > second instar > third instar > fourth instar > fifth instar in all silkworm strains. Expression of heat shock proteins varies in different instars. 90 kDa in the first, second and third instars, 84 kDa in the fourth instar and 84, 62, 60, 47 and 33 kDa heat shock proteins in fifth instar was observed in response to heat shock. Relative influence of heat shock on commercial traits that correspond to different stages was significant in all strains. In NB4D2, cocoon and shell weight significantly increased to 17.52% and 19.44% over control respectively. Heat shock proteins as molecular markers for evaluation and evolution of thermotolerant silkworm strains for tropics was discussed.
Fecundity and Oviposition in the Grasshoppers Melanoplus sanguinipes (F.) and Melanoplus bivittatus (Say)

Abstract Pairs of Melanoplus sanguinipes and M. bivittatus were reared in cages and the eggs produced by each female were counted. M. sanguinipes laid an average of 328.7 eggs per female, 9.4 eggs per day, and an average of 21.8 eggs per pod. M. bivittatus laid an average of 354.9 eggs per female, 11.0 eggs per day, and 43.3 eggs per pod. M. sanguinipes produced a pod every 2.3 days and M. bivittatus one every 3.9 days. Feeding M. sanguinipes only every second day approximately doubled the longevity and oviposition period but halved the number of eggs per day.
Use of Botanicals for the Management of Pulse Beetle (Callosobruchus maculatus F.) in Lentil

Some plant materials, sweet flag ( Acorus calamus ), goat weed ( Ageratum conyzoids ), lantana ( Lantana camara ), Indian privet (Vitex negundo ), mug-wort ( Artimisia vulgaris ), chinaberry ( Melia azederach ), rice husk ash, mustard (Brassica spp.) oil and neem ( Azadirechta indica ) oil were evaluated for their effects against pulse beetle ( Callosobruchus maculatu s F.). The powder or oil from the above plant materials were thoroughly admixed at the rate of 0.5, 1 and 2% w/w or v/w with lentil grains. Randomly selected 25 pulse beetle adults were exposed to the grains for each concentration of the main treatment. Rhizome powder of sweet flag, rice husk ash and mustard oil showed a significant effect in killing the pulse beetle within a week at 0.5, 1 and 2% concentrations. Neem oil was found very effective with 100% mortality of the beetle within two days. Other tested materials also showed insect killing properties but the effect was comparatively lower than that of sweet flag rhizome powder, mustard oil, neem oil and rice husk ash. Key words : Botanicals; Callosobruchus maculates ; Lentil; Pulse beetle DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.3126/narj.v4i0. 4860 Nepal Agriculture Research Journal Vol. 4&5, 2001/2002 Page: 27-30 Uploaded date : 8 June, 2011
CYTOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF NECROPSY GUIDED IMPRESSION SMEARS OF CHRONIC RESPIRATORY DISEASE OF CHICKENS

The study was conducted to develop a cytology based diagnostic tool for the diagnosis of avian Mycoplasma and E. coli infections at post mortem in the field condition. A total of 38 culture and PCR confirmed Mycoplasma , E. coli or mixed infected samples were used for this study. Lung impression smears were prepared on glass slide from the samples at post mortem examination. Inflammatory cells were counted on microscope after Giemsa staining. Cell counts were analyzed with Bonferroni joint confidence interval and Mann-Whitney U test. The average cell percentages in healthy cases were 73.54- 81.66%, 9.63-13.37% and 7.42-14.38% for lymphocyte, heterophil, and macrophage, respectively. In case of Mycoplasma infection, average percentages of lymphocyte, heterophil and macrophages were 82.01-88.10%, 5.6 to 8.16% and 4.52 – 9.68%, respectively. In E. coli infection, average percentage of lymphocyte, heterophil and macrophages were found as 64.44-70.76%, 19.73-23.47% and 8.9- 12.7%, respectively. In mixed infection, lymphocyte, heterophil and macrophage were found as 76.08-80.50%, 13.47 –17.63% and 4.56 –7.66%, respectively. Statistical analyses revealed that in Mycoplasma infection number of lymphocyte and in E. coli infection number of heterophil increased significantly (p< 0.01). In MC complex, number of heterophil increased and macrophages decreased significantly (p < 0.01). These findings could help identification of Mycoplasma , E. coli or Mycoplasma - E. coli complex at post mortem examination in the field condition . DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.3329/sja.v10i2. 18331 SAARC J. Agri. , 10(2): 95-105 (2012)
Nestling Tree Swallow (Tachycineta bicolor) Diets in an Upland Old Field in Western Michigan

Abstract We collected and identified 1852 prey items from 89 boluses delivered to 62 nestling tree swallows (Tachycineta bicolor) at 14 nests in an upland old field in western Michigan. We found that 90.8% of nestling diets was insects from the Orders Diptera, Homoptera, Hymenoptera and Coleoptera. We also found clam and snail shells in boluses. Over the most common brood sizes of 4–6 nestlings, brood size was inversely proportional to the number of items per bolus delivered to nestlings although mean dry and mean organic weight of boluses did not differ. Bolus composition was not influenced by weather conditions. Nestling diets at our study site were similar in the proportions of many prey items, such as Diptera and Homoptera, to tree swallow nestling diets in other habitats but contained fewer aquatic forms such as Odonata and Ephemeroptera.
Evidence of public service motivation of social workers in China

To investigate how generalizable public service motivation (PSM) observed in Western society is to China and examine the instrumentality of public service motivation, two studies were conducted independently. In Study 1, confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) is implemented to test the existence of PSM based on 99 social workers in Region A of one city located in Eastern China. In Study 2, another CFA process is implemented to confirm the construct validity of PSM, based on 474 social workers in Region B of the same city. In Study 2, we evaluated the instrumentality of PSM. These studies not only provide evidence for the construct validity of PSM, but also produce interesting results that relate to the history and institutional background of Chinese social work. Points for practitioners Results of the study have confirmed the generalizability of public service motivation (PSM) observed in Western society in China and examined the instrumentality of the construct in China. The results identify several key implications for professionals working in social work management and administration: (1) PSM can be used as an additional tool to recruit and select individuals who are best suited for social work; (2) For management in social work or other public sectors, PSM could be as a direction in training and development; (3) More importantly, PSM could provide additional view of incentives in social work or other public sectors.
Investigation of antioxidant activity of alcoholic extract of Globularia alypum L.

Hydroethanolic extract from leaves of Globularia alypum L. (HEGA), Globulariaceae, was screened for its content on total polyphenols, flavonoids and anthocyanins. Its antioxidant activity was also assessed in chemical and biological systems. Analysis of the antioxidant compounds reveals that the HEGA contains high amounts of polyphenols, flavonoids and anthocyanins. Besides, it shows a significant antioxidant activity. When tested in HeLa cells, the extract exerts an antiproliferative effect. The concentration leading to a 50% inhibition was estimated at 1.53 mg/ml. The pretreatment of HeLa cells with non cytotoxic concentration of the leaf extract protects them from Fe 2+ and hydrogen peroxide induced oxidative stress. A good protection against lipid peroxidation was obtained and evidenced by a decrease in the level of two lipid peroxidation (LPO) products, Malodialdehyde (MDA) and conjugated dienes (CD). Besides, a decrease in catalase and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities was obtained. This suggests a recovery of the oxidative balance in the treated cells.
Primary production of an atoll in the Laccadives

According to YONGE (1960) "an atoll raised to the surface in the midst of oceanic waters may be described as a large scale experiment in nature". Earlier studies have contributed to an understanding of primary production of atolls and coral reefs of the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans (SARGENTan d AUSTIN, 1949, 1954; ODUMa nd ODUM1, 955; KOHNa nd HELBRICH1, 957; ODUMB, URKHOLDER and RIVERO1, 959 ; GORDOaNn d KELLY1, 962). Comparable information on the atolls of the Indian Ocean has been completely lacking. Since GARDINER (1903-1906) published his classical work on the Maldive and Laccadive Archipelagoes, practically no knowledge has been added to the atolls of the Laccadives
Modern Methods for the Quantitative Analysis of Plant Hormones

CONTENTS INTRODUCTION 107 PURIFICATION PROCEDURES 108 Solid-Phase Extraction 108 High-Performance Liquid Chromatography 109 Immunoaf inity Chromatography 110 PHYSICOCHEMICAL ASSAYS 111 HPLC-BasedMethods 111 GC-Based Methods 113 Quantification of Ethylene 118 IMMUNOASSAYS 119 Radioimmunoassays 120 Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assays . 121 CONCLUSIONS 122
Microevolution in predominantly clonal populations of pelagic Daphnia (Crustacea: Phyllopoda): Selection, exchange, and sex

The study addresses the problem of gene pools and units of microevolution in mainly apomictic species. The genetic variation of Daphnia cucullata at the phosphoglucose‐isomerase locus was studied in 6 lakes for 3–6 consecutive years. The two most distant lakes were 12 km apart. All lakes were sampled once a year; in one of the lakes (Klostersee), the main basin (WT) and the largest bay (WB, volume 1/7 of WT) were sampled every month for 2½ years.