Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effects of Heterogeneity on Self-Organized Pedestrian Flows

This investigation focuses on how the heterogeneity of pedestrian characteristics influences the buildup of congestion and affects the efficiency of pedestrian flows. Three commonly used parameters in pedestrian models–-desired speed, body size, and reaction time–-were varied in the population. Real pedestrian flows are heterogeneous regarding pedestrian characteristics. However, not much is known about the way that affects the qualities of the flow and how important it is to the outcomes of microsimulation models. The NOMAD model developed by Delft University of Technology is used to perform simulations in which the aforementioned heterogeneity is introduced. The investigation was carried out by creating bidirectional flows with fixed demands. The flows were analyzed by observing the development of breakdowns, average speeds, and average densities for different demands. It is shown that the influence of heterogeneity on breakdown probabilities and flow efficiency is considerable. To investigate this further, the dynamic lane formation process is investigated in detail. In addition to further insights into the causes for breakdown, it is found that the number of lanes increases with the decrease in heterogeneity in desired speed and in body size. However the opposite happens for heterogeneity in reaction time. Results indicate that heterogeneity in the population has a large impact on the flow quality and should be included in models explicitly to improve prediction performance.
Action anticipation using latent goal learning

To get something done, humans perform a sequence of actions dictated by a goal. So, predicting the next action in the sequence becomes easier once we know the goal that guides the entire activity. We present an action anticipation model that uses goal information in an effective manner. Specifically, we use a latent goal representation as a proxy for the "real goal" of the sequence and use this goal information when predicting the next action. We design a model to compute the latent goal representation from the observed video and use it to predict the next action. We also exploit two properties of goals to propose new losses for training the model. First, the effect of the next action should be closer to the latent goal than the observed action, termed as "goal closeness". Second, the latent goal should remain consistent before and after the execution of the next action which we coined as "goal consistency". Using this technique, we obtain state-of-the-art action anticipation performance on scripted datasets 50Salads and Breakfast that have predefined goals in all their videos. We also evaluate the latent goal-based model on EPIC-KITCHENS55 which is an unscripted dataset with multiple goals being pursued simultaneously. Even though this is not an ideal setup for using latent goals, our model is able to predict the next noun better than existing approaches on both seen and unseen kitchens in the test set.1
Examining Insensitivity to Probability in Evidence‐Based Communication of Relative Risks: The Role of Affect and Communication Format

Affect can influence judgments of event riskiness and use of risk‐related information. Two studies (Ns: 85 and 100) examined the insensitivity‐to‐probability effect—where people discount probability information when scenarios are affect‐rich—applying it to evidence‐informed risk communication. We additionally investigated whether this effect is moderated by format, based on predictions from the evaluability and pattern‐recognition literatures, suggesting that graphical formats may attenuate insensitivity to probability. Participants completed a prior beliefs questionnaire (Study 1), and risk perception booklet (both studies) that presented identical statistical information about the relative risks associated with two scenarios—one with an affect‐rich outcome, the other an affect‐poorer outcome. In Study 1, this was presented graphically. In Study 2, information was presented in one of three formats: written, tabular, or graphical. Participants provided their perceptions of the risk for each scenario at a range of risk‐levels. The affect‐rich scenario was perceived as higher in risk, and, importantly, despite presenting identical relative risk information in both scenarios, was associated with a reduced sensitivity to probability information (both studies). These differences were predicted by participants’ prior beliefs concerning the scenario events (Study 1) and were larger for the single‐item written format than graphical format (Study 2). The findings illustrate that insensitivity to probability information can occur in evidence‐informed risk communications and highlight how communication format can moderate this effect. This interplay between affect and format therefore reflects an important consideration for information designers and researchers.
Fetal Malnutrition and Associated Factors among Term Newborn Babies at Birth in South Gondar Zone Hospitals, Northwest Ethiopia

Background Undernutrition contributes to almost half of all under-five deaths. Fetal malnutrition (FM) has been implicated in both short- and long-term consequences among fetal, neonatal, and adult life. Currently, Ethiopia lacks information on the prevalence of fetal malnutrition and its associated factors. This study, therefore, is aimed at assessing the prevalence of FM at birth and its associated factors in South Gondar zone hospitals, northwest Ethiopia. Methods A cross-sectional study was carried out from November 1, 2019, to April 30, 2020, among four hospitals of South Gondar zone. All women with their live newborns who met the eligibility criteria were included. Clinical assessment of nutritional status including other anthropometric measurements was done immediately after delivery. The newborn was declared as fetal malnourished if the clinical assessment of nutritional status cut-off point is less than 25. Data were collected by trained clinical midwives. Besides bivariate regression analysis, a multivariable logistic regression analysis was done to identify associations. Results A total of 1592 mothers with their live newborns participated in this study. The prevalence of fetal malnutrition was 21.7% (95% CI: 19.7-23.9). Intimate partner violence (AOR: 1.97, 95% CI: 1.52-2.56), placental weight less than 512 grams (AOR: 2.76, 95% CI: 2.13-3.57), and small for gestational age (AOR: 1.96, 95% CI: 1.46-2.62) were significantly associated with fetal malnutrition. Conclusions The prevalence of fetal malnutrition was a public health problem in this study. Intimate partner violence, placental weight, and small for gestational age were found the most significant variables. To avert fetal malnutrition, positive family relation and additional or balanced nutritional supplementation during pregnancy are critical. We recommend researchers do clinical follow-up research which comprises a detailed investigation of placental, maternal, and fetal factors including genes.
Beam-on-Nonlinear-Winkler-Foundation Modeling of Shallow, Rocking-Dominated Footings

The nonlinear behavior of shallow foundations under large amplitude earthquake-induced loading can result in dissipation of seismic energy through the mechanism of soil yielding beneath the foundation. In addition, foundation uplifting may shift the period of the soil-foundation-structure system away from the damaging energy content of most earthquakes. However, this yielding and uplifting may lead to excessive transient and permanent deformations (settlement, rocking, and sliding). Therefore, modeling procedures that account for foundation nonlinearity and uplift are needed before these benefits can be realized in performance based earthquake engineering (PBEE) practice. This paper adopts a beam-on-nonlinear-Winkler-foundation (BNWF) simulation methodology for modeling shallow foundation-structure systems, where seismically-induced rocking plays a predominant role in their response. Numerical results demonstrate that reasonable comparison between the nonlinear Winkler-based approach, and experimental response in terms of moment-rotation, settlement-rotation, and shear-sliding displacement can be obtained, given an appropriate selection of model and soil properties.
Analysis of Ergonomics Risk Factors and Manual Material Handling Assessing Alternative Using Cost Benefit Methods

This research to analyze the factors that cause risks of low back pain (L5/S1) on Manual Material Handling activities at raw material warehouse and finished goods warehouse. Objective is to determine the factors that cause low back pain (L5/S1), analyze the proposed improvement work system alternative with benefit cost ratio (B/C). The importance of cost-benefits analysis of ergonomics interventions has been emphasized (Tompa et al., 2009; Rivilis et al., 2008). Methodology by observing MMH working system, and distributing job discomfort survey. For the quantitative calculation used RWL, LI and Chaffin’s Model. The model of analysis shows the factor effected to RWL and LI is variable V (vertical distance), D (distance movement), and L (heavy of load). Examples of alternatives proposed : (1) addition of scissor of lift trolleys, (2) addition in amount of workers and (3) modifying of lifting method. Alternative whose the B/C value ≥ 1 are feasible economically to be used. Top management needs a cost-benefit analysis proving the positive outcomes. This economics evaluation showed that ergonomic intervention justifies the costs of the implementation, leading to positive outcomes.
Additions

tion in astrodynamics; trajectory and attitude control; bioastronautics; education via satellites: and safety-inyouth rocket experiment (SYRE). The contributors come mainly from the USA and USSR, but there are also papers from the Argentine, Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Sweden and the UK. The field is a wide one but special mention should be made of the 11 papers on propulsion plus others on materials, global photography. Mariner IV, Zond-5, Dodge, Bombex and the Apollo life support and biological systems. It is an admirably produced volume as regards text, numerous figures and many plates; it is expensive. Large libraries should have a copy on their shelves for reference purposes. — J . L . NAYLER.
A model for identifying owner's needs in the building life cycle

AbstractBuilding life cycle is a process which covers not only the construction phase but also the feasibility, the de- sign and the operation phases. Identifying the owner's needs in all phases of this process is of paramount importance for achieving satisfactory results for the building project. Additionally, the owner's needs should be fulfilled by the work scope of every stakeholder involved in the project. Nevertheless, these needs are not always adequately considered in building projects. Thus, the purpose of the research reported in this paper has been to develop a model that allows for the identification of the owner's needs in all phases of the building life cycle. The article presents a six level classifica- tion system for the information required in the project and a two-dimensional model that maps the life cycle and the logical actions to be undertaken in each phase. The model has been corroborated and improved by applying the Delphi technique to a panel of ten experts in two rounds. The prac.
INVENTARISASI SERANGGA POLINATOR DI LAHAN PERTANIAN KACANG PANJANG (Vygnacylindrica) KOTA PEKANBARU DAN PENGEMBANGANNYA UNTUK SUMBER BELAJAR PADA KONSEP POLA INTERAKSI MAKHLUK HIDUP DI SMP

Abstract : The research was conducted to investigate diversity insectpollinators inlong beans (Vygna cylindrica) agricultural land Pekanbaru City in February to June, 2014. Research results are used to development of instructional media in the form of learning modules, student worksheet and interactivemediaofthe results ofthe inventoryof insectpollinators . This research was carried out by two stage that is the field research stage and media development stage. The research was conducted at 3 locations observation using total sampling at each station. Station I: located in the Tenayan Raya District, Seroja Kulim Street. Spacious long beans gardenrange between ± 60x 40 meters. Station II: located in the Rumbai District, Palas Village, Tengku Ibrahim Street Spacious long beans garden ±60x 40meters. Station III : located in the Tampan District, Bina Widya Street, faculty of Agriculture, University of Riau. Spacious longbeans gardenrange between±25x 30 meters the inventory of insect pollinators and environmental physical parameters include temperature, humidity and light intensity . The results showed that there are seven species of insect pollinator sare found in the long beans (Vygna cylindrica) agricultural land Pekanbaru City. Belonging to 6 families and 3 orders that the Order Hymenoptera Family Anthporidae (1 species), Family Apidae (2 species), Family Pesvinae (1 species). Order Diptera Family Syripidae (1 species) and Order Lepidoptera Family Lycanidae (1 species) . temperatures ranged between from 25.4 to 31.9 O C, humidity ranged between 69-84% and light intensity ranges from 1673.2 to 3173.5 all physical environmental factors are still within the range of tolerance. Results of the study can be used as a source of learning namely learning modules, student worksheets and interactive media on the concept of interaction patterns of living creatures in Junior High School. Key Word: Type Insect Pollinator, Bean, Learning Resources.
A Mobile Agent-Based Method to Counter Sinkhole Attacks in Wireless Sensor Networks

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are an applied technology widely used in various areas. According to the WSN limitations, they usually face many types of attacks. The sinkhole attack is the most popular and dangerous attack in the routing of WSNs. There are many approaches to counter sinkhole attacks in the literature. The mobile agent methods generate better results in facing sinkhole attacks and overcoming the WSN limitations. In this paper, we present a new mobile agent-based method that applies the trust value of each sensor to detect and prevent sinkhole attacks. We compute the trust values to inform the sensor nodes about their neighbors' reputations. As shown in the experiments, the proposed method generates better results in packet loss ratio. It also fixes the security flaws of previous works and reduces the agents' overhead in the network compared to previous methods.
Optimal network tearing using simulated annealing

A new algorithm for optimal tearing of networks is presented. The algorithm is based on the simulated annealing principle and is able to divide a power system network model into a number of subnetworks in order to optimise the use of parallel computer systems for network analysis. Computational examples are given which illustrate the properties of the new algorithm. The results obtained are compared with those obtained by the iterative improvement method, and it is shown that the annealing algorithm finds significantly better solutions.
Modeling Space Suit Mobility: Applications to Design and Operations

Computer simulation of extravehicular activity (EVA) is increasingly being used in planning and training for EVA. A space suit model is an important, but often overlooked, component of an EVA simulation. Because of the inherent difficulties in collecting angle and torque data for space suit joints in realistic conditions, little data exists on the torques that a space suit’s wearer must provide in order to move in the space suit. A joint angle and torque database was compiled on the Extravehicular Maneuvering Unit (EMU), with a novel measurement technique that used both human test subjects and an instrumented robot. Using data collected in the experiment, a hysteresis modeling technique was used to predict EMU joint torques from joint angular positions. The hysteresis model was then applied to EVA operations by mapping out the reach and work envelopes for the EMU.
Assessing secondary students’ scientific literacy: A comparative study of suburban schools in England and Malaysia

This study sought to assess the level of secondary students’ scientific literacy in suburban schools in Malaysia and England, a research area which to date has not been fully explored in the literature. The study analysed the data using the OECD’s three domain-specific competencies of scientific literacy, namely: i) explain phenomena scientifically, ii) evaluate and design scientific enquiry, and iii) interpret data and evidence scientifically. To assess the level of secondary students’ scientific literacy in these contexts, the study applied the scientific literacy assessment instrument called the ‘Nature of Scientific Literacy Test’ (NOSLiT), first developed by Wenning (2006). The results indicated that the level of scientific literacy of English students was higher than that of Malaysian students across all three domain-specific competencies. Despite the fact that NOSLiT is a systematic and reliable instrument for assessing the level of students’ scientific literacy, the study found that OECD’s three domain-specific competencies of scientific literacy provided better insights into the level of secondary students’ scientific literacy in Malaysian and English suburban schools. It is suggested that future studies should use a qualitative approach to both data collection and analysis to understand the level of students’ scientific literacy in more detail.
PWM technique for power MOSFET inverter

A sinusoidal PWM (pulsewidth-modulated) inverter suitable for use with power MOSFETs is described. The output waveforms in the proposed PWM inverter are investigated both theoretically and experimentally. A modulating signal for the three-phase PWM inverter is obtained by adding the harmonic components of integer multiples of three to the three-phase sine waves. By using the proposed modulating signal, the amplitude of the fundamental component is increased about 15% more than that of a conventional sine-wave inverter and the commutation number of the inverter is decreased to two-thirds of a conventional one. >
End-users Participation Approach towards Effective Housing Occupancy in Malaysia: A Review

Having considered housing as vital among other human needs, various governments have geared efforts towards providing housing for their citizens but there exists the challenge of occupancy in most cases. This study aims at investigating the housing delivery system in Malaysia in relation to occupancy status and takes a systematic evaluation of some existing literature on the end-users relevancy in building projects acceptability. The study uses computer search web namely, science direct, Scopus, web of science and Proquest to access the research keywords. Thus, the literature reveals that there exists a remarkable non-occupancy in Malaysia’s housing system. This study proffers end-users’ participation in Malaysia housing delivery system as an approach that could eradicate non-occupancy.
Investigation the Cytotoxicity of 5-AZA on Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Cell Line In Vitro and Characterization the Underlying Molecular Mechanisms of Cell Death and Motility

DNA methylation is a reversible biochemical process determinant of gene expression that is frequently observed in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). This is believed to arise from aberrant DNA methyltransferase activity establishing abnormal levels of DNA methylation in tumor cells. DNA methyltransferase inhibitor, 5-azacytidine (5-AZA), is a clinically used epigenetic drug which induces promoter demethylation and gene re-expression in human cancers. In this study, we investigated the cytotoxicity of on MOLT4 and Jurkat leukemic cell line in vitro and characterized the underlying molecular mechanisms of cell death and motility. MOLT4 and Jurkat cells were treated with 5-AZA for 12, 24 and 48 hours. The effect of the 5-AZA treatment on cell viability (MTT assay), apoptosis (annexin V/PI staining), microRNA (miRNA) and mRNA expression (real-time PCR) was measured. The results showed that 5-AZA could induce MOLT4 and Jurkat apoptotic cell death in vitro in a time-dependent manner and probably via apoptotic mechanisms. We found that treatment with 5-AZA could increase the expression of epigenetically silenced miRNAs, miR-34a, miR-34b and miR-124-1 in treated cells. In addition, mRNA analyses demonstrated that MOLT4 and jurkat cells, expressed p53 gene more than 10-fold higher compared with untreated cells in three independent experiments while the cells suppressed the expression of a subset of functionally related genes including MYC, BCL2, APEX, SIRT1, SNAIL1 and vimentin to some extent, following 5-AZA treatment. We found that a miRNAs expression level in treated cell lines was closely correlated to the expression of their target genes. Together, these findings suggest that 5-AZA may affect the viability of MOLT4 and jurkat cells, at least in part, by regulating the transcription of genes that are associated with cellular apoptotic response.
Naturally coloured roots as a tool for studying root interactions in mixed cropping  

The objective of this study was to evaluate the usage of species with coloured roots to study root growth patterns during intercropping. Red beet (Beta vulgaris L. cv. Detroit), having clear red roots, was used in a semi-field and field experiment to allow identification and quantification of roots of the individual species in the mixture. In the field experiment, red beet was strip intercropped with lucerne (Medicago sativa L. cv. Creno) and kale (Brassica oleracea L. var. Sabellica), respectively while the red beet-lucerne intercropping was conducted in large rhizoboxes where root growth distribution and 15N isotope uptake was determined. The study confirmed that the direct visual measurement of root growth using species with coloured roots and indirect tracer uptake measurements contributed to the success of studying root growth dynamics in intercropping systems. Red beet root intensity was not considerably affected by the strip intercropping when the crops were established at the same time, but when established between existing lucerne strips, a reduction in roots at the border row was shown. Lucerne and kale were both observed to be able to exploit the deep soil layers beneath the red beet border row.
The effect of TQM implementation on firm performance in the Tunisian context

Total quality management (TQM) is an integrated management system designed to make the best use of an organisation's resources in order to increase the quality of a firm's products/services, to satisfy customer needs and improve the efficiency of the production processes. Advocates of TQM have suggested that there should be a positive relationship between implementing TQM practices and performance measures. Recent research (Sila, 2007; Santos-Vijande and Alvarez-Gonzalez, 2007) on TQM has examined the relationships between the TQM practices and various levels of organisational performance. This study examines the direct and indirect effects of these practices on operating and financial performance. The model is tested using structural equations, making a survey of quality managers in 66 Tunisian firms. The causal analysis results show no significant and direct, but a significant indirect relationship between the use of TQM and improvement in financial performance. Similarly, the TQM implementation has a positive and significant impact on operating performance.