Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Endeavour Copper-Gold Porphyry Deposits, Northparkes, New South Wales: Intrusive History and Fluid Evolution

Four economic porphyry copper-gold deposits, Endeavour 22, 26, 27, and 48, occur within the Late Ordovician Goonumbla Volcanic Complex of central-west New South Wales, Australia. Together these deposits have a combined ore reserve of 63.6 million metric tons (Mt) at 1.1 percent copper and 0.5 g/t gold. Mineralization is centered in narrow, pipelike quartz monzonite porphyry (QMP) intrusive complexes. We have recognized at least nine intrusive phases within the Endeavour deposits. These are, in order of emplacement, as follows: a premineral equigranular monzodiorite; early-mineral, equigranular to weakly porphyritic biotite quartz monzonite (BQM) stocks and dikes; synmineral K-feldspar QMP (K-QMP) pipes and dikes; late-mineral augite-biotite–K-feldspar QMP (KA-QMP) intrusions and biotite QMP (B-QMP) dikes; and postmineral basaltic trachyandesite dikes, augite monzonite porphyry dikes, and basaltic dikes. Early-stage biotite-magnetite and propylitic alteration of the host volcanic rocks and K-feldspar alteration of the BQM occurred at each deposit during the intrusion of the BQM stocks and early-mineral B-QMP dikes. Transitional-stage unidirectional solidification textures and other related anisotropic textures formed mostly during the emplacement of K-QMP and KA-QMP intrusions. Main-stage sulfide mineralization at all four deposits is spatially and temporally associated with the K-QMP and, to a lesser extent, KA-QMP intrusions and their associated K-feldspar and sericite-hematite alteration assemblages, and is characterized by multiple generations of stockwork and sheeted quartz, K-feldspar, bornite, chalcopyrite, and gold-bearing veins. Late-stage sericite-quartz-copper-sulfide-carbonate-hematite alteration and vein assemblages formed prior to the emplacement of the postmineral intrusions. Weak to moderate postmineral propylitic alteration assemblages were the last alteration event related to the QMP intrusive complexes. Intrusive activity and associated biotite alteration occurred between 446 and 437 Ma, based on 40Ar/39Ar analyses of biotite and hornblende. Based on microthermometric analyses of fluid inclusions from early-, transitional-, main-, and late-stage veins, the Endeavour deposits formed at depths between 1,000 and 1,700 m below the paleosurface, with a lithostatic pressure regime prevailing throughout the early, transitional, and main stages and near-hydrostatic pressures during the late-stage sericitic events. The first three stages were dominated by high-temperature (460°–>550°C) magmatic-hydrothermal brines with salinities of ~55 to 60 wt percent NaCl ± KCl equiv. Although the late-stage fluids were cooler (350°–400°C) and less saline (~40 wt % NaCl equiv), their compositions are consistent with the magmatic-hydrothermal origin indicated by previous oxygen and hydrogen isotope studies, confirming that the Endeavour porphyry deposits are representatives of the orthomagmatic end member of the porphyry continuum.
Effects of Rigid Unsubmerged Vegetation on Flow Field Structure and Turbulent Kinetic Energy of Gradually Varied Flow

The influence of rigid unsubmerged vegetation on flow structure and turbulent kinetic energy of gradually varied flow are experimentally investigated in this research. Natural reed stems of different densities are employed to examine the effects of the rigid unsubmerged vegetation on the flow in rivers. The results reveal that the vegetation existence significantly changes the gradually varied flow state from type M1 to type M2 in the vegetation section. The traditional power law describing the vertical flow velocity profile is evidently invalid when the vegetation density becomes high. With the irregularity index proposed in the research, the irregularity of vertical flow velocity profile in vegetated reach can be exponentially described in relation to the vegetation density. Furthermore, the turbulent kinetic energy is found to increase and reach a maximum value near the end of the vegetation section that is a potential localized erosion area. The results of the research have significances in river ecological restoration applications utilizing aquatic vegetation. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
ESTIMATION OF ACTUAL IRON CONSUMPTION BY ADOLESCENT POPULATION IN REGION WITH HIGH CONTENT OF IRON IN DRINKING WATER

A hygienic estimation of the actual average daily dose (AADD) of iron, consumed by the adolescent population with the sources of its per oral administration in human bodies in the conditions of iron excess (0.8 mg/l) in tap water has been performed. An object of the study was a random sample of 156 schoolchildren aged 14-17 years from Vladivostok. Methods: all adolescents were interviewed with use of a questionnaire that included questions about daily consumption of tap water, bottled water, 21 food products and dishes. Iron concentration in food and drinking water was determined according to the reference tables and laboratory findings. Results: the harmless levels of AADD of iron for adolescent health (about 17 mg/day) were stated. An occurrence frequency of iron consumption deficiency was equal to 28.08 (boys) and 58,54 (girls) cases per 100 adolescents. Conclusions: against iron excess in tap water according to the organoleptic limiting sign of iron content harmfulness (up to 2.7 MPC), iron consumption deficiency is formed by lower intake of high bioavailable iron sources: eggs, fishes (girls), eggs, sausage products and animal meat (boys).
Higher congruences between newforms and Eisenstein series of squarefree level

Let $p\geq 5$ be prime. For elliptic modular forms of weight 2 and level $\Gamma_0(N)$ where $N>6$ is squarefree, we bound the depth of Eisenstein congruences modulo $p$ (from below) by a generalized Bernoulli number with correction factors and show how this depth detects the local non-principality of the Eisenstein ideal. We then use admissibility results of Ribet and Yoo to give an infinite class of examples where the Eisenstein ideal is not locally principal. Lastly, we illustrate these results with explicit computations and give an interesting commutative algebra application related to Hilbert--Samuel multiplicities.
The Rootstock Influences Growth and Development Of ‘Deveci’ Pear

The vegetative and reproductive performance of the ‘Deveci’ pear (Pyrus communis L.) grown on three rootstocks [Quince BA 29, EMC (Cydonia oblonga) and a seedling of P. communis] were compared between 2012 and 2013. Vegetative growth characteristics such as the rootstock and trunk diameter, leaf lamina width, leaf lamina length, leaf area, leaf petiole length and thickness, plant height and canopy volume were examined. Phenological characteristics such as the time of first flowering, full flowering, days from full flowering to maturity, harvest date and fruit weight and yield were also investigated. Phenological characteristics were seen in the EMC earlier than in the BA 29 or in the seedling. The most vigorous trees were on the BA 29 followed by the EMC and the seedling. The highest leaf lamina width, length, area and leaf petiole length were obtained from trees on the BA 29 rootstock followed by the EMC and seedling. EMC had a lower leaf petiole thickness than the others. The trees grafted on the BA 29 rootstock had a higher rootstock diameter, trunk diameter, plant height, and plant width and canopy volume than the others. The highest fruit weight and yield per tree were obtained from the trees on the BA 29 (405.7 g and 8.33 kg, respectively) and the EMC (157.6 g and 2.37 kg, respectively) followed by the seedling (62.6 g and 0.69 kg, respectively). As a result of this growing period, we suggest that the ‘Deveci’ pear should be grown on the BA 29 quince rootstock because of the more vigorous growth and the higher yield
Fluxes of CH4 and CO2 from soil and termite mounds in south Sudanian savanna of Burkina Faso (West Africa)

The contribution of West African savanna ecosystems to global greenhouse gas budgets is highly uncertain. In this study we quantified soil‐atmosphere CH4 and CO2 fluxes in the southwest of Burkina Faso from June to September 2005 and from April to September 2006 at four different agricultural fields planted with sorghum (n = 2), cotton, and peanut and at a natural savanna site with termite (Cubitermes fungifaber) mounds. During the rainy season both CH4 uptake and CH4 emission were observed in the savanna, which was on average a CH4 source of 2.79 and 2.28 kg CH4‐C ha−1 a−1 in 2005 and 2006, respectively. The crop sites were an average CH4 sink of −0.67 and −0.70 kg CH4‐C ha−1 a−1 in the 2 years, without significant seasonal variation. Mean annual soil respiration ranged between 3.86 and 5.82 t CO2‐C ha−1 a−1 in the savanna and between 2.50 and 4.51 t CO2‐C ha−1 a−1 at the crop sites. CH4 emission from termite mounds was 2 orders of magnitude higher than soil CH4 emissions, whereas termite CO2 emissions were of the same order of magnitude as soil CO2 emissions. Termite CH4 and CO2 release in the savanna contributed 8.8% and 0.4% to the total soil CH4 and CO2 emissions, respectively. At the crop sites, where termite mounds had been almost completely removed because of land use change, termite fluxes were insignificant. Mound density‐based upscaling of termite CH4 fluxes resulted in a global termite CH4 source of 0.9 Tg a−1, which corresponds to 0.15% of the total global CH4 budget of 582 Tg a−1, hence significantly lower than those obtained previously by biomass‐based calculations. This study emphasizes that land use change, which is of high relevance in this region, has particularly affected soil CH4 fluxes in the past and might still do so in the future.
Title Learning to perform a new movement with robotic assistance : comparison of haptic guidance and visual demonstration

Background: Mechanical guidance with a robotic device is a candidate technique for teaching people desired movement patterns during motor rehabilitation, surgery, and sports training, but it is unclear how effective this approach is as compared to visual demonstration alone. Further, little is known about motor learning and retention involved with either robot-mediated mechanical guidance or visual demonstration alone. Methods: Healthy subjects (n = 20) attempted to reproduce a novel three-dimensional path after practicing it with mechanical guidance from a robot. Subjects viewed their arm as the robot guided it, so this "haptic guidance" training condition provided both somatosensory and visual input. Learning was compared to reproducing the movement following only visual observation of the robot moving along the path, with the hand in the lap (the "visual demonstration" training condition). Retention was assessed periodically by instructing the subjects to reproduce the path without robotic demonstration. Results: Subjects improved in ability to reproduce the path following practice in the haptic guidance or visual demonstration training conditions, as evidenced by a 30–40% decrease in spatial error across 126 movement attempts in each condition. Performance gains were not significantly different between the two techniques, but there was a nearly significant trend for the visual demonstration condition to be better than the haptic guidance condition (p = 0.09). The 95% confidence interval of the mean difference between the techniques was at most 25% of the absolute error in the last cycle. When asked to reproduce the path repeatedly following either training condition, the subjects' performance degraded significantly over the course of a few trials. The tracing errors were not random, but instead were consistent with a systematic evolution toward another path, as if being drawn to an "attractor path". Conclusion: These results indicate that both forms of robotic demonstration can improve shortterm performance of a novel desired path. The availability of both haptic and visual input during the haptic guidance condition did not significantly improve performance compared to visual input alone in the visual demonstration condition. Further, the motor system is inclined to repeat its previous mistakes following just a few movements without robotic demonstration, but these systematic errors can be reduced with periodic training. Published: 31 August 2006 Journal of NeuroEngineering and Rehabilitation 2006, 3:20 doi:10.1186/1743-0003-3-20 Received: 19 January 2006 Accepted: 31 August 2006 This article is available from: http://www.jneuroengrehab. com/content/3/1/20 © 2006 Liu et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Simplified modelling of areal average infiltration at the hillslope scale

Two models for estimating expected areal‐average infiltration rate, Ī, at the hillslope scale are presented. The first relies upon the condition of a negligible infiltration of surface water running downslope (run‐on process) into a previous heterogeneous soil. It is an adapted version of an earlier semi‐analytical model. The second incorporates the run‐on process and is based on a lumped approach that uses an effective saturated hydraulic conductivity. This latter was parameterized in terms of the main characteristics of rainfall and soil. Both the models were tested by comparison with the results carried out by Monte‐Carlo simulations over different soil types. It was found that the first model simulated Ī with maximum errors in magnitude typically less than 10%. The second model provided similar errors in the total volume of overland flow, and the rising limb of the hydrograph experienced a distortion. Lastly, satisfactory results were obtained by comparing the model without run‐on with an empirical approach particularly accurate for fine‐textured soils. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Sign switching behavior of cross-county interest rate correlations: Theory and Evidence

This paper considers the well established empirical fact that conditional correlations among cross-country interest rates switch signs. Switching implies an alternation of coupling and decoupling of global bond markets over time. This evidence is robust to alternative estimation schemes. Here we use a seminonparametric (SNP) model with a BEKK-GARCH variance function to estimate conditional second moments both to confirm these results and to provide auxiliary models for structural estimation of term structure models. Using an extensive historical analysis, we find that major driving forces behind the sign-switching behavior of conditional correlations between the Eurodollar rate and the Euroyen rate are synchronization and dis-synchronization of business cycles and coordination and discoordination of monetary policies triggered by international policies and financial market crashes. Especially, we find that the two interest rates are more likely to couple when both the U.S. and Japan slip into a recesion while the likelihood of decoupling is highest when both economies are in expansion. We also explore whether proposed International Affine Term Structure Models (IATSMs) and International Quadratic Term Structure Models (IQTSMs) are able to reproduce the sign-switching behavior of conditional correlations among crosscountry interest rates. We find that a small subset of the IATSMs can generate sign-switching behavior but only by forgoing their ability to describe other features such as the positivity of nominal interest rates, heteroskedasticity in volatility, and correlations among underlying state variables. In contrast, the IQTSMs are able to generate it without limiting their ability to describe other dynamic features. Using the MCMC-Efficient Method of Moments (EMM), we test the empirical performance of the models in reproducing the sign-switching behavior of conditional correlations. The result suggests that the IATSMs conclusively fail to capture it while the IQTSMs are relatively successful but fail to reproduce ephemeral ones.
Meaning-Making in Literature: Unlocking Stances and Perspectives of ESL Readers

Meaning-making in reading literary texts is a process that is widely theorised, applied in instructions, and observed through research. While recognitions have been given to the value of literature for different purposes, trends in educational policies for literature in different curricula do not secure a clear and systematic way of how meaning-making should be explored. Research into meaning-making demonstrates the need to examine the process as this remains to be understudied. This study observed the meaning-making process through the stances and perspectives adopted among a group of ESL readers when meaning was made in reading a literary text. This case study employed Concurrent Verbal protocol for data collection. 31 participants, majoring in Teaching English as a Second language (TESL) were selected for the study. Qualitative data from the verbal protocol sessions were quantified using a pre-established set of 24 themes derived from the theoretical framework of the study. The themes were based on the Efferent, Aesthetic, and Critical stances and also the public and private perspectives of the Text, Reader, Universal Values, and Writer. The findings indicate that the Critical is favoured over the Efferent and Aesthetic stances. Public Textual Perspectives were also preferred over the Private Textual, Reader, Universal, and Writer’s perspectives. The implication of examining the meaning-making process from multiple perspectives would nurture learning aptitudes and encourage personal connection and engagement to literature. Future research should consider expanding the investigation into the meaning-making process on other categories of readers as well as literary genres.
Fast Training of word 2 vec Representations Using N-gram Corpora

In this paper, we study methods to train the popular word2vec vector space representation of the lexicon using only n-gram collections. By using the n-grams rather than the full text corpus we gain a substantial speed-up in training, as well as get the opportunity to train from corpora which would not be available otherwise.
Mineralogical characteristics of johannsenite in the Sasa ore field

The paper presents the mineralogical, crystallographic and crystallochemical characteristics of johannsenite in the Sasa ore field. Investigations were conducted lit the Faculty of Mining and Geology. ~tip, and at the Institute for Crystllography and Petrography in Zurich, Switzerland.
Department of Transportation National Highway Traffic Safety Administration 49 Cfr Part 572 Anthropomorphic Test Devices; Q3s 3-year-old Child Side Impact Test Dummy, Incorporation by Reference; Proposed Rule Department of Transportation National Highway Traffic Safety Administration 49 Cfr Part 572

1 Subtitle E of MAP–21, entitled ''Child Safety Standards,'' includes § 31501(a) which states that, not later than 2 years after the date of enactment of the Act, the Secretary shall issue a final rule amending Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard Number 213 to improve the protection of children seated in child restraint systems during side impact crashes. 2 Drawings and the PADI for the Q3s are available for examination in the docket for this NPRM. 3 A discussion of NHTSA's research evaluating and developing the side impact test procedure can be found in Sullivan et al. SUMMARY: This document proposes to amend our regulations to add specifications and qualification requirements for an anthropomorphic test device (ATD) representing a 3-year-old child, called the ''Q3s'' side impact test dummy. The agency plans to use the Q3s to test child restraint systems to new side impact performance requirements which NHTSA will propose to adopt into the Federal motor vehicle safety standard for child restraint systems by way of a separate NPRM. Adopting side impact protection requirements is consistent with a statutory provision set forth in the ''Moving Ahead for Progress in the 21st Century Act'' (July 6, 2012), that the agency issue a final rule to improve the protection of children seated in child restraint systems during side impacts. DATES: You should submit your comments early enough to ensure that Docket Management receives them not later than January 21, 2014. Proposed effective date: The CFR would be amended on the date 60 days after date of publication of the final rule. ADDRESSES: You may submit comments to the docket number identified in the heading of this document by any of the following methods: • Federal eRulemaking Portal: Go to http://www.regulations. gov. Follow the online instructions for submitting comments. Regardless of how you submit your comments, you should mention the docket number of this document. You may call the Docket at 202–366– 9324. Instructions: For detailed instructions on submitting comments and additional information on the rulemaking process, see the Public Participation heading of the Supplementary Information section of this document. Note that all comments received will be posted without change to http:// www.regulations. gov, including any personal information provided. Please see the Privacy Act discussion below. Privacy Act: Anyone is able to search the electronic form of all comments received into any of our dockets by the name of the individual submitting the comment (or …
GNSS Interference Threats and Countermeasures

Reliable positioning and navigation is becoming imperative in more and more applications for public services, consumer products, and safety-critical purposes. Research for finding pervasive and robust positioning methodologies is critical for a growing amount of societal areas while making sure that navigation is trustworthy and the risks and threats of especially satellite navigation are accounted for. This book provides a comprehensive survey of the effect of radio-frequency interference (RFI) on the Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) as well as of the spoofing threats. Through case studies and practical implementation/applications, this resource presents engineers and scientists with a better understanding of interference and spoofing threats, ultimately helping them to design and implement robust systems
Living with linear features: impact of roads, recreational trails and transmission line rights-of-way on small mammals in Newfoundland

Linear features have the capacity to degrade landscapes and impact wildlife. I used mark-recapture methods to examine the relationship between small mamma ls and linear features (roads, trails and transmission lines) in boreal forest and barren ecosystems on the island of Newfoundland, Canada. I live-trapped 25 Microtus pennsylvanicus and 314 Sorex cinereus at increasing distances from linear features over a total of 3600 trap nights. Relative abundance of these species did not differ between trapping distances. However, the relationship between linear features and abundance differed between species, favouring the introduced habitat generalist S. cinereus and disturbing the native habitat specialist M. pennsylvanicus. PCA suggests that microhabitat and food availability are important determinants of population density of these species. This study is the first to examine the relationship between Newfoundland’s small mammals and anthropogenic linear features on the landscape, making the findings an important contribution to the management planning for the environmental impacts of linear features.