Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Change Detection Techniques for Canopy Height Growth Measurements Using Airborne Laser Scanner Data

This paper analyzes the potential of airborne laser scanner data for measuring individual tree height growth in a boreal forest using 82 sample trees of Scots pine. Point clouds (10 points/m 2 , beam size 40 cm) illuminating 50 percent of the treetops were acquired in September 1998 and May 2003 with the Toposys 83 kHz lidar system. The reference height and height growth of pines were measured with a tacheometer in the field. Three different types of features were extracted from the point clouds representing each tree; they were the difference between the highest z values, the difference between the DSMs of the tree crown, and the differences between the 85 th , 90 th and 95 th percentiles of the canopy height histograms corresponding to the crown. The best correspondence with the field measurements was achieved with an R 2 value of 0.68 and a RMSE of 43 cm. The results indicate that it is possible to measure the growth of an individual tree with multi-temporal laser surveys. We also demonstrated a new algorithm for tree-to-tree matching. It is needed in operational growth estimation based on individual trees, especially in dense spruce forests. The method is based on minimizing the distances between treetops in the Ndimensional data space. The experiments showed that the use of the location (derived from laser data) and height of the trees were together adequate to provide reliable tree-totree matching. In the future, a fourth dimension (the crown area) should also be included in the matching.
Molecular profiling in the treatment of colorectal cancer: focus on regorafenib

: Metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) is a highly heterogeneous disease. Its treatment outcome has been significantly improved over the last decade with the incorporation of biological targeted therapies, including anti-EGFR antibodies, cetuximab and panitumumab, and VEGF inhibitors, bevacizumab, ramucirumab, and aflibercept. The identification of predictive biomarkers has further improved the survival by accurately selecting patients who are most likely to benefit from these treatments, such as RAS mutation profiling for EGFR antibodies. Regorafenib is a multikinase inhibitor currently used as late line therapy for mCRC. The molecular and genetic markers associated with regorafenib treatment response are yet to be characterized. Here, we review currently available clinical evidence of mCRC molecular profiling, such as RAS , BRAF , and MMR testing, and its role in targeted therapies with special focus on regorafenib treatment.
druid . dk Research Strategies in Science-based Start-ups Effects on Performance in Danish and Swedish Biotechnology

Although biotech start-ups fail or succeed based on their research few attempts have been made to examine if and how they strategize in this core of their activity. Popular views on Dedicated Biotech Firms (DBFs) see the inherent uncertainty of research as defying notions of strategizing, directing instead the attention to the quality of their science, or the roles of boards, management, and collaborative networks etc. Using a unique comprehensive dataset on Danish and Swedish biotech start-ups in drug discovery this paper analyzes their research strategies. Adopting a Simonean point of departure we develop a contingency view on complex problem solving which structures the argument into three steps: 1) Characterising the problem architectures addressed by different types of DBFs; www.druid. dk 2) Testing and confirming that DBFs form requisite research strategies, by which we refer to problem solving approaches developed as congruent responses to problem architectures; 3) Testing and confirming that financial valuation of firms is driven by achievements conforming to requisite research strategies. These strategies, in turn, require careful combination of multiple dimensions of research. Findings demonstrate that Shonhoovens classical argument that " strategy matters " is valid not only for the larger high-tech firms covered by her study, but also for small research-based start-ups operating at the very well springs of knowledge where science directly interacts with technologies. Even though a lot more research is needed along these lines, these findings offer new implications for the understanding, management, and financing of these firms.
Multilevel Analysis of Skilled Birth Attendant after ANC Follow Up in Ethiopia, 2023: Based on Ethiopian Mini Demographic and Health Survey Data

Introduction: Receiving skilled health professional’s care before, during and after childbirth is a key intervention to prevent maternal and newborn deaths. Despite the efforts being made by the Government of Ethiopia and other stakeholders to increase the institutional delivery by skilled birth attendant, most Ethiopian women are giving birth at home and skilled birth attendant remains low. Therefore, the main objective of our research was to determine the magnitude and to identify the positional predictors of skilled birth attendant among mother who gave birth after having ANC follow up. Methods: An in-depth secondary data analysis was performed using the Interim Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey (EMDHS) 2019 data set. A weighted sample of 2,888 mothers was included in the final analysis. Four models were fitted. Variables with p-value ≤ 0.25 in the bi-variable multilevel logistic regression model were included in the multivariable multilevel logistic regression model. The Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) with a 95% Confidence Interval (95% CI) was computed. Variables with a P-value of less than 0.05 in the multi-variable multilevel logistic regression were declared as statistically significant predictors. Result: The overall magnitude of skilled birth attendance was 65.03% (CI: 63.3, 66.75). Residence (Rural; AOR: 0.32; 95% CI: 0.16, 0.65), educational status (No education; AOR: 0.33; 95% CI: 0.16, 0.72), religion (Muslim; AOR: 2.17; 95% CI: 1.30, 3.59, protestant: AOR: 0.57; 95% CI: 0.36, 0.90 and Others; AOR: 0.21; 95% CI: 0.07, 0.65), wealth index (Poor; AOR: 0.44; 95% CI: 0.32, 0.60, middle: AOR: 0.60; 95% CI: 0.44, 0.82), frequency of ANC visits (One ANC visit; AOR: 0.19; 95% CI: 0.11, 0.33, 2-3 ANC visits; AOR: 0.57; 95% CI: 0.45, 0.70), parity (Para 1; AOR: 3.11; 95% CI: 1.85, 5.25), community contraceptive use (High proportion of contraceptive non-use; AOR: 0.50; 95% CI: 0.29, 0.88), and age at first birth ( ≤ 15; AOR: 1.38; 95% CI: 1.01, 1.89) are statistically significant factors. Conclusion: The utilization of skilled birth attendant service is very low. We found that a higher level of women’s, education, higher household wealth index, younger age at first birth, primipara, being a rural resident, living in a community with high proportion of contraceptive non-use and having few numbers of ANC visit were significant predictors of SBA. Therefore, improving women’s education and household wealth, giving special attention for teenagers and primiapra women as well as encouraging pregnant mothers to have frequent ANC visits are vital for the health policies aiming to increase SBA services utilizations in Ethiopia.
When Did the FOMC Begin Targeting the Federal Funds Rate? What the Verbatim Transcripts Tell Us

In October 1982 the FOMC deemphasized M1 and moved to what is commonly referred to as a borrowed reserves operating procedure. Sometime thereafter the FOMC switched to a funds rate targeting procedure but never formally announced the change. Given the close correspondence between a borrowed reserves operating procedure and a funds rate targeting procedure, Thornton (1988) suggested that the FOMC went immediately to a funds rate targeting procedure. Others date the switch to the funds rate procedure later. Meulendyke (1998) suggests the switch came in late 1987, while others suggest the change occurred later. This paper reviews the verbatim transcripts of the FOMC meetings to establish the timing of the switch. The verbatim transcripts suggest that the FOMC effectively switched to a funds rate targeting procedure in 1982. The documentary evidence is supported by an analysis of the spread between the funds rate and the funds rate target, which suggests that the differences in the behavior of the spread before October 1979 and after October 1982 are relatively small and economically unimportant.
The Conjunction Fallacy: Confirmation or Relevance? *

The conjunction fallacy is the well-documented empirical finding that subjects sometimes rate a conjunction A & B as more probable than one of its conjuncts, A . Most explanations appeal in some way to the fact that B has a high probability. But Tentori et al. (2013) have recently challenged such approaches, reporting experiments which find that (1) when B is confirmed by relevant evidence despite having low probability, the fallacy is common, and (2) when B has a high probability but has not been confirmed by relevant evidence, the fallacy is less common. They conclude that degree of confirmation, rather than probability, is the central determinant of the conjunction fallacy. In this paper, we address a confound in these experiments: Tentori et al. (2013) failed to control for the fact that their (1)-situations make B conversationally relevant, while their (2)-situations do not. Hence their results are consistent with the hypothesis that con-versationally relevant high probability is an important driver of the conjunction fallacy. Inspired by recent theoretical work that appeals to conversational relevance to explain the conjunction fallacy, we report on two experiments that control for this issue by making B relevant without changing its degree of probability or confirmation. We find that doing so increases the rate of the fallacy in (2)-situations, and leads to comparable fallacy-rates as (1)-situations. This suggests that (non-probabilistic) conversational relevance indeed plays a role in the conjunction fallacy, and paves the way toward further work on the interplay between relevance and confirmation.
The application of the eHealth literacy model in digital health interventions: A scoping review of the literature

Background: Digital health interventions (DHIs) are increasingly adopted worldwide to address various public health issues. In 2006, Norman and Skinner introduced the “eHealth literacy model”, encompassing six domains of skills and abilities (basic, health, information, scientific, media, and computer) needed to effectively understand, process, and act on health-related information. Little is known about whether these domains are assessed or accounted for in DHIs. Objective: To explore how DHIs assess and evaluate the eHealth literacy model, and understand what health conditions are addressed and which technologies are employed. Methods: We conducted a scoping review of the literature on DHIs, based on RCT design, and reporting the assessment of any domain of the eHealth literacy model. We searched the Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (MEDLINE), Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), Excerpta Medica dataBASE (EMBASE), and Cochrane Library. We performed a duplicate selection and data extraction process; we charted the results according to the country of origin, health condition, technology used, and eHealth literacy domain. Results: We identified 132 unique DHIs, conducted in 26 different countries between 2001 and 2020. Most DHIs were conducted in English-speaking countries (81/132, 61%), were delivered via web (69/132, 52%), and addressed noncommunicable diseases (57/132, 43%), or mental health issues (26/132, 20%). None of the interventions assessed all six domains of the eHealth literacy model. Most studies
Approaching cave level identification with GIS: A case study of Approaching cave level identification with GIS: A case study of Carter Caves Carter Caves

Cave passages that are found at similar elevations are grouped together and called levels. The current understanding is that passages within a level are speleogenetically linked to a common static baselevel or stratigraphic control. Cave levels have provided an interpretive framework for deciphering cave development, landscape evolution, and climatic changes. Cosmogenic dating has been successfully used to interpret levels in Mammoth Cave and the Cumberland Plateau; however, this technique is expensive and there are limited funding resources available. Geographic information systems may be used as preliminary procedures to identify cave levels and constrain the timing of level development. A GIS method is applied to the Carter Cave system in northeastern Kentucky. Cave entrance elevations along stream valleys were found by extracting elevation values from a 10×10 m digital elevation model. Using a histogram generated from the frequency of cave elevations and a natural breaks classifier, four cave levels were identified in the Carter Cave system. This work improves the understanding of the Carter Cave system evolution and contributes toa methodology that can be used to ascertain an erosion history of karst systems.
Incidence of endotracheal tube colonization with the use of PneuX Endotracheal Tubes in cardiac surgical patients

Introduction: Ventilator associated pneumonia (VAP) develops in up to 25% of patients after cardiac surgery. Colonisation of the ET tube contributes to VAP. The PneuX endotracheal tube (ETT) has been shown to halve VAP in high-risk patients undergoing cardiac surgery. We report on the secondary analysis of bacterial colonisation in relation to VAP between the PneuX and standard ETTs. Methods: This was a randomised control trial; Group A (PneuX ET tube, n=120) and Group B (Standard ET tube, n =120). Inclusion criteria; patients > 70 years ± ejection fraction < 50% undergoing cardiac surgery. Incidence of post-operative VAP and analysis of bacterial colonisation within the ETT (n=234) was measured for patients requiring <24hrs, 24-48hrs and > 48hrs of intubation. Results: Baseline patient demographics were comparable. VAP was lower at 10.8% in group A versus 21% in group B (p=0.03). Incidence of VAP was lower at each time point for group A. There was a lower incidence of ETT colonisation within group A for patients needing > 48hrs intubation. There was no difference in the type of bacterial colonisation (p=0.5) or the mean value of colony forming units; 4.35x10 7 (1.18x10 8 ) and 2.16x10 8 (1.24x10 9 ) in A and B respectively (p=0.8). Conclusion: Colonisation of the ETT does not seem to play an important role in early VAP. There is a tendency for reduced ETT colonisation in the PneuX tube as duration of intubation increases. This may have an impact on reducing the incidence of late-onset VAP.
changes in the distributions of depressive symptom items in the general population: a cross-sectional study using the exponential distribution model

Background. Previous research has reported inconsistent evidence of the trajectory of depressive symptoms across the adult lifespan. We investigated how the distributions of each item score change with age and determined whether the trajectory of depressive symptoms varied with the scoring methods of the questionnaire. Methods. We analyzed data collected from 21,040 subjects who participated in the national survey in Japan. Depressive symptoms were assessed using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D). The CES-D has 20 items, each of which is scored in four grades of ‘‘rarely,’’ ‘‘some,’’ ‘‘much,’’ and ‘‘most of the time. ’’ We used the exponential distribution model which fits the distributions of 16 negative symptom items of CES-D, with the probabilities of ‘‘some,’’ ‘‘much,’’ ‘‘most,’’ and ‘‘rarely’’ expressed as P , Pr , Pr 2 , and 1 − P × ( r 2 + r + 1). Results. The distributions of the responses to 16 negative symptom items followed the common exponential model across all age groups. The mean of the estimated parameter r of 16 negative items showed a U-shape pattern, being high during 12–29 years, remaining low during 30–50 years, and then increasing again over 60 years. The trajectory of depressive symptom scores simulating the binary method was different from that of the empirical scores using the Likert method. Conclusions. Our findings show that the increase in the depressive symptoms score during older age is based on the increase of the parameter r . The differences in the scoring method may contribute to the different age-related patterns across the adult lifespan.
Long‐term variability in solar radiation in Krakow based on measurements of sunshine duration

The article presents characteristics of long‐term variability in sunshine duration and total solar radiation in Krakow, reconstructed based on the relative intensity of total radiation (global transmission). The analysis is based on hourly sunshine duration data from the period 1884–2010 and total radiation intensity data from the period 2003–2007. Results show that the variability of incident solar radiation depends on global factors – circulation‐type and anthropogenic‐type factors, in particular by industralization between the 1950s and 1980s – which are affected by local conditions. Copyright © 2013 Royal Meteorological Society
On mixed-integer random convex programs

We consider a class of mixed-integer optimization problems subject to N randomly drawn convex constraints. We provide explicit bounds on the tails of the probability that the optimal solution found under these N constraints will become infeasible for the next random constraint. First, we study constraint sets in general mixed-integer optimization problems, whose continuous counterpart is convex. We prove that the number of support constraints (i.e., constraints whose removal strictly improve the optimal objective) is bounded by a number depending geometrically on the dimension of the decision vector. Next, we use these results to show that the tails of the violation probability are bounded by a binomial distribution. Finally, we apply these bounds to an example of robust truss topology design. The findings in this paper are a first step towards an extension of previous results on continuous random convex programs to the case of problems with mixed-integer decision variables that naturally occur in many real-world applications.
Business and Management Studies

In this modern era, healthcare services are provided through technology, one of which is m-health apps. As a developing country, Bangladesh pursues to offer healthcare facilities to its citizen by using modern technology. However, IT adoption is different among younger and older generations, and several factors impact the adoption intention. This research aims to investigate determinants influencing elderly citizens of Bangladesh to adopt m-health apps. This study applies PLS (Partial Least Squares) statistical technique based on Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) to achieve research objectives. A quantitative research methodology approach was adopted, and a structured questionnaire was disseminated to the 112 target respondents. Purposive random sampling technique was used in this study. The underpinning theory used in this research endeavor is the UTAUT model (Unified Theory on Acceptance and Use of Technology), incorporating several variables such as the quality of m-health apps, perceived risk, and cost. The findings demonstrate that social influence and app quality have a significant positive impact on older people's willingness to adopt m-health apps. In addition, the behavioral intention of users and actual usage behavior have a significant positive association. By extending the UTAUT model with some rationally related variables, this research has contributed to the ICT of the healthcare profession. M-health app providers need to consider improving the features of apps as the quality of apps is regarded as a critical criterion for users. © 2022
Experimental Studies of Gas-Escape and Water-Escape Structures: Mechanisms and Morphologies

Abstract Water-escape and gas-escape structures were generated in the laboratory to assess variations in deformational structures generated during these events. Particulate fluidization was observed to be the method by which grains were redistributed during water escape. Resulting structures of particulate fluidization comprised disrupted and downward-deflected primary laminations, and a massive-appearing column of sand above the point source. Gas experiments, with a low flow rate (6.167 × 10−6 m3/s) allowed gas to disperse through fractures, and only subtle deformation was achieved. Aggregative fluidization (i.e., fluid movement through sediment as bubbles) was the mechanism for grain displacement during gas escape. With increased flow rate (7.67 × 10−5 m3/s) aggregative fluidization occurred and particles were carried upward in the wake of the passing gas bubble. Aggregative fluidization resulted in broken, upwards-warping laminations and convoluted bedding. Experiments illustrate a significant morphological difference between water escape and gas escape. Water-escape structures were bounded by downwards-warping laminations, consistent with water-escape structures encountered in the rock record. Gas-escape structures displayed upwards-warping laminations, and could represent a formation mechanism for convolute bedding.
mother-child interaction, differences in sexual attitudes, and inter-generational disagreement on sexuality

The current paper examines the frequency of inter-generational disagreement reported by mothers and adolescents as a function of the quality of their interaction, and the match between their sexual attitudes. We expected that the quality of family interaction would act as a "family asset" that would enable members of families to manage and control the tensions caused by differences in (sexual) attitudes. Data on 319 British adolescent-mother pairs were analysed using structural equation modelling, revealing good support for these expectations: differences in sexual attitudes were more strongly linked to inter-family disagreement in low quality of mother-child interaction families than in high quality of mother-child interaction families. Implications of the study are discussed.
Measuring and Mapping Undernutrition and its Determinants among Under-five Children in Odisha

: In the last two decades, Odisha experienced sustained high economic growth and subsequent reduction in incidence of poverty. Despite that, the prevalence of undernutrition among under-five children in Odisha remains comparable to many African countries. Literature firmly establishes that adequate nutrition plays a crucial role for the early childhood development. Thus, by considering the outcome of undernutrition (stunting, underweight, CIAF), this study looks at the factors influencing its regional variation across the districts of Odisha. This paper analyses nationally representative household datasets (National Family Health Survey, 2015–16) to discern the extent of undernutrition prevalence in Odisha. Undoubtedly, Odisha has performed better in this regard than economically well off states such as Gujarat, Haryana, and Maharashtra. However, present study found evidences of regional disparity among undernourished children in Odisha and its associated factors. Our analysis illustrates spatial homogeneity in mean prevalence of undernutrition across the districts. Children in the coastal plain region are better nourished compared to the children from highland and mountainous region. In tribal dominated districts children are more vulnerable to all forms of undernutrition. In western Odisha intra-district disparity is very high in all forms of undernutrition. Our findings reveal that wealth index, child’s age, mother’s educational status, mother’s body mass index, religion, social groups, region of residence, food security and hygiene-sanitations are significant predictors of childhood undernutrition. This study suggests comprehensive region, districts and population specific interventions to achieve child related SDGs in Odisha by 2030.