Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Fairness and Wage Setting Theory and evidence from Domestic Outsourcing in Germany∗

In this paper, I estimate the effect of domestic outsourcing events on wages of workers that remain in outsourcing establishments. To do so, I use employer-employee linked data from Germany that include detailed administrative information on earnings, industry and occupation of employment. I exploit outsourcing event as my main source of identification and find substantial effects on the wages of workers that stay: high skilled workers typically receive immediate wage increases of about five log points, while low skilled workers typically face wage cuts of about one to two log points. Additionally, I find that, on average, the wage increases enjoyed by high skilled workers are positively correlated with changes in the skill ratio within the establishment. I propose a new theoretical model of wage setting in which fairness considerations generate spillover effects that are consistent with these two empirical findings. Taken together, these results indicate a role for fairness considerations in wage setting. ∗Department of Economics, University of Michigan; email: pdvl@umich.edu. I would like to thank Charles Brown and John Bound for guidance and suggestions, and Tadeja Gračner, Kyle Handley, Daniela Hochfellner, Dhiren Patki, Jeff Smith, Mel Stephens, Kevin Stange, Brenden Timpe, and Matthias Umkehrer for useful discussions. This study uses the Cross-Sectional model of the Linked Employer-Employee Data (LIAB) (Version 3, Years 1993-2010) from the IAB. Data access was provided via on-site use at the Research Data Centre (FDZ) of the German Federal Employment Agency (BA) at the Institute for Employment Research (IAB) and subsequently remote data access. All remaining errors are my own.
Employment potential of the green economy

The purpose of this chapter is to assess the employment potential of the green economy. To this end, a defi nition of green jobs is essential. Green jobs are jobs that reduce the environmental impact of economic activity, ultimately to sustainable levels. This chapter broadly defi nes ‘green jobs’ as work in industry, services and administration that contributes to preserving or restoring the quality of the environment. However, ‘green’ and ‘green jobs’ may also be further defi ned on this broad basis. Several international institutions – such as Eurostat, UNEP and the ILO – defi ne ‘green jobs’ along the lines of specifi c activities and sectors that are active in the green economy and contributing to improving the environment.
Threat effects of monitoring and unemployment insurance sanctions: evidence from two reforms

This paper studies threat effects of unemployment insurance (UI) benefit sanctions on job exit rates. Using a difference-in-differences design, I exploit two reforms of the Swedish UI system that made monitoring and sanctions considerably stricter at different points in time for different jobseeker groups. The results show that men and long-term unemployed individuals respond to the tighter monitoring and the threat of sanctions by finding jobs faster, whereas women do not. I also estimate the effect of receiving a sanction on the job exit rates and find significant sanction imposition effects. However, a decomposition exercise shows that these sanction imposition effects explain very little of the overall reform effects, so that most of the reform effects arise through threat effects. A direct policy implication is that the total impact of monitoring and sanctions may be severely underestimated when focusing solely on the effects on those actually receiving sanctions.
Role of Learning in Achieving Competitive Advantage of State Corporations: An Evaluation of State Corporations in Kenya

Despite overwhelming theoretical suggestions that organizational learning is strong positive determinant of competitive advantage, little empirical work exists to this theoretical underpinning. The relative absence of such research does not motivate leaders, managers and employees to adopt learning initiatives. This study examined the role of organizational learning in achieving competitive advantage of State Corporations in Kenya with a focus on organization’s learning culture, learning processes, systems thinking among state corporations. The study employed a descriptive, crosssectional research designand used both quantitative and qualitative methods to gather data from 198 staff from 35 state corporations comprising of senior managers, middle manager and non-management staff. Regression analysis was used to make inference on the associations between the dependentand independent variables using SPSS Version 22. Qualitative was analyzed using ATLAS.ti. Results from both simple and multiple linear regression revealed that each of independent variables was positively and significantly associated with competitive advantage. Both formal and informal learning processes that maximize utilization-focused knowledge acquisition and sharing approach are encouraged. To ensure staff or fully engaged in the learning process, organizations need to invest in building capacity of new and existing employees and partners to encourage reflective practices within the organization.Longitudinal studies can help strengthen similar future studies.
Online Appendix to The Effects of Government Bond Purchases on Leverage Constraints of Banks and Non-financial Firms

The household consists of three different groups: bankers, entrepreneurs, and the remaining household members. Similar to Gertler and Kiyotaki (2010) or Gertler and Karadi (2011), the share of household members in the banking sector in each period is s. In order to keep the shares constant over time, I assume that the number of workers who become bankers is exactly the same as bankers who return to the goods-producing sector. The probability of staying a banker p is exogenously fixed and does not change over time. The profits each bank manager potentially earns are not transferred to the household before the bank manager leaves the bank, which happens with a probability of ( 1 − p ) . 1 In addition, a specific share s of households becomes entrepreneurs. Like bank managers, entrepreneurs survive with a probability of p. During the time they are
Skilled Tradable Services: The Transformation of U.S. High-Skill Labor Markets

We study a group of service industries that are skill-intensive, widely traded, and have recently seen explosive wage growth. Between 1980 and 2015, these ? Skilled Tradable Services? accounted for a sharply increasing share of employment among the highest earning Americans. Unlike any other sector, their wage growth was strongly biased toward the densest local labor markets and the highest paying firms. These services alone explain 30% of the increase in inequality between the 50th and 90th percentiles of the wage distribution. We offer an explanation for these patterns that highlights the complementarity between the non-rivalry of knowledge and changes in communication costs.
In-centre night dialysis program: a single-centre experience

The number of people receiving maintenance haemodialysis (HD) in Australia has increased from 251 per million population in 1995 to 515 per million population in 2014. In-centre night haemodialysis (INHD) was introduced in one unit as a response to the rising numbers of people requiring HD. This study was designed as a quality project to evaluate a new service and its impact on the patients during the first 12 months of the INHD service. Patients were interviewed at initiation of INHD and then at six and 12 months. Thematic analysis was used to provide a descriptive account of receiving HD therapy in an in-centre environment at night. Findings of the study showed that INHD has positive effects on physical health and lifestyle, but that patients also experienced new symptoms related to longer hours of dialysis and poor sleep quality. Patients felt isolated from the rest of the dialysis patients and adapted the INHD environment to suit their own personal needs. INHD is a new approach to the delivery of HD treatments, which has been developed in response to the increasing demand for dialysis services. More study is required into this novel model of care to understand the risks and benefits of INHD to patients and staff, and to optimise the delivery of safe and effective HD.
The Management of Tree Root Systems in Urban and Suburban Settings II: A Review of Strategies to Mitigate Human Impacts

Root systems of nearly all trees in the built environment are subject to impacts of human activities that can affect tree health and reduce longevity. These influences are present from early stages of nursery development and throughout the life of the tree. Reduced root systems from root loss or constriction can reduce stability and increase stress. Natural infection of urban tree roots after severing has not been shown to lead to extensive decay development. Roots often conflict with infrastructure in urban areas because of proximity. Strategies to provide root space under pavements and to reduce pavement heaving have been developed, but strategies for prevention of foundation and sewer pipe damage are limited to increasing separation or improved construction.
Do Right to Carry Laws Increase Violent Crime? A Comment on Donohue, Aneja, and Weber · Econ Journal Watch : shall-issue, gun control

Along with coauthors, John J. Donohue of the Stanford Law School regularly releases empirical research finding that certain laws concerning the carrying of firearms, those known as right-to-carry or RTC laws, increase violent crime. We have engaged with the previous releases to show that the latest findings are not robust, and here we do so again. This time we address something maintained in the previous releases, namely the weighting of fixed-effects regressions by population, and something that is new to the last two versions, namely a synthetic control procedure. Perhaps after another round or two it will be time to recap all the robustness criticisms to date, but here we confine ourselves to the two new criticisms. Donohue, Abhay Aneja, and Kyle Weber (hereafter DAW) have produced two revisions (2018a; b) to their 2017 working paper, which itself is part of a series of papers dating back 15 years (Donohue 2003; Aneja, Donohue, and Zhang 2010; 2011; 2012; 2014; see also Aneja, Donohue, Pepper, et al. 2012). That paper adds a synthetic control analysis and finds that RTC laws increase violent crime. They conclude, as they state in the abstract of the latest revision:
Beating the Black Box of Risk-Weighted Capital: Is a Leverage Ratio Justified?

We compare the relevance of two alternative measures of bank capitalization, namely the Basel II compliant risk-weighted assets ratio to a riskinsensitive leverage ratio, by assessing their predictive power for bank distress amid the subprime crisis. Using governmental capital injections for banks and subprime-losses as dependent variables in a set of cross-sectional regressions, we find that each of the two measures loses its predictive power, once it has been mandatory implemented by the regulator. These results could be regarded as a Goodhart’s law to the extent that the two regulatory capital standards cease to be a good measure when they become a target. Our results further suggest that banks are able to circumvent each of the two regulatory requirements if they are implemented on a stand-alone basis. We thus support the decision to enhance the risk weighted capital regulation standards of Basel III with a simultaneously binding leverage ratio restriction.
The Res i l ience of the Premium for Homes in New Urbanis t Neighborhoods

New urbanism, also known as, traditional neighborhood development (TND), is a community development concept that advocates harmonizing demand for scarce development resources like land with a mix of uses—commercial and residential—associated with traditional neighborhoods (Fulton, 1996). By mixing, rather than separating, uses in pedestrian-oriented and transit-oriented spaces, TND adds value in the market according to its proponents (Congress for the New Urbanism, 2014). The Congress for the New Urbanism also suggests that homes in TND neighborhoods command a premium and retain value in the market because of walkable access to amenities (Congress for the New Urbanism, 2014). Indeed, the street networks in TND neighborhoods tend to be grid-like rather than curvilinear as in conventional neighborhoods, while the orientation of homes toward the street facilitates pedestrian trips to recreational or to shopping destinations (Plaut and Boarnet, 2003). Unfortunately, the literature on TNDs provides little empirical evidence on the willingness of buyers to pay such premiums over the long term. In this regard, the literature is limited in two fundamental ways: in temporal scale and in spatial scale. Taken together, these limitations make it difficult to ascertain the resiliency of these premiums. The temporal limitation relates to the fact that, at most, data for nine years of single-family home sales transactions are used to estimate TND premiums. While this is a reasonable time horizon to account for any randomness, more research with data from as long or longer periods of time is needed to make a definitive statement on the resiliency of TND premiums. The spatial limitation relates to the fact that the number of comparable neighborhoods used to estimate premiums is very small. Plaut and Boarnet (2003) used three neighborhoods (one TND and two conventional neighborhoods), Tu and Eppli (1999) used nine census
Overcoming the design, build, test (DBT) bottleneck for synthesis of nonrepetitive protein-RNA binding cassettes for RNA applications

The design-build-test (DBT) cycle in synthetic biology is considered to be a major bottleneck for progress in the field. The emergence of high-throughput experimental techniques, such as oligo libraries (OLs), combined with machine learning (ML) algorithms, provide the ingredients for a potential “big-data” solution that can generate a sufficient predictive capability to overcome the DBT bottleneck. In this work, we apply the OL-ML approach to the design of RNA cassettes used in gene editing and RNA tracking systems. RNA cassettes are typically made of repetitive hairpins, therefore hindering their retention, synthesis, and functionality. Here, we used a strong repression effect that occurs when an RBP binds its binding site within the ribosomal initiation region of E. coli to generate using an OL-experiment thousands of new binding sites for the phage coat proteins of bacteriophages MS2 (MCP), PP7 (PCP), and Qβ (QCP). We then applied a connected neural network ML approach to vastly expand this space of binding sites to millions of additional predicted sites, which allowed us to identify the structural and sequence features that are critical for the binding of each RBP. To verify our approach, we designed new non-repetitive binding site cassettes of ten sites each containing either experimentally verified or predicted sites, and tested their functionality in U2OS mammalian cells. We found that all of our cassettes exhibited multiple trackable puncta. Additionally, we designed and verified a cassette containing predicted binding sites, where each site can bind both PCP and QCP. Consequently, we provide the scientific community with a novel resource for rapidly creating functional non-repetitive binding site cassettes using one or more of three phage coat proteins with a variety of binding affinities for any application spanning bacteria to mammalian cells.
Early mathematics achievement in the context of the National Numeracy Strategy

Introduction We report here on a cohort of English pupils who have been tracked through primary school during the first five years of the new National Numeracy Strategy (NNS) (DfEE 1999). A limited longitudinal study of young children’s early mathematical development took place, initially within three testing cycles: at the mid-point and towards the end of their reception year (at age five-years) and again at the mid-point of Year 1 (at age six-years). These cycles were located within the broader context of progress through to the end of Key Stage 1 (at seven-years) and Key Stage 2 (at 11-years) on the basis of national standardised assessment tests (SATs). The results for the first stage of the study have been reported in the British Educational Research Journal (Aubrey and Godfrey 2003) and the results for second stage are in submission (Aubrey, Godfrey and Dahl 2005).
The Implementation of Financial Management and Family Investment Learning Package to Improve Financial Literacy of Housewives

The Purposes of this study are reviewing social empowerment through the implementation of financial management and family investment learning package to improve financial literacy.The subject of this research is 50 housewives who are the members of PKK team in Malang City.The data collected throughobservation, free interview and non-test evaluation. The result of this research shows that there is a proof of cognitive learning result improvement (knowledge) and learning application improvement on financial managementand family investment indaily life. Therefore this conditioncan beinterpreted as an improvement onfinancial literacy ofthe research objects (housewives).
CORRELATES OF CRIME IN URBAN MAKURDI, NIGERIA

This study examined the social and physical correlates of crime in Makurdi town with a view to predicting their influence on the emerging crime pattern especially in a rapidly developing city in the global south. The study sought to provide insights on the pattern of crime and the key determinants of the distribution of opportunities for crime within the built environment, using Makurdi, Nigeria as the case study. To achieve this, the study utilized the survey research design to obtain data on social and physical attributes of the study area. Makurdi residential areas were divided into fifty-seven spatial units and a total of seven hundred and sixty-eight structured questionnaires were administered on household heads. The aggregated social and physical variables were regressed against the levels of victimization, theft, rape, assault, burglary and armed robbery so as to identify the major correlates of these crimes. The results suggest that age is a predictor of incidences of victimization and burglary while the age of buildings had a significant influence on incidences of victimization. Building density was linked to incidences of victimization and rape. Income and employment status were predictors of theft and assault while fences and houses with open frontages significantly influenced the occurrence of armed robbery and assault. The results of the analysis have given credence to the surveillance principle and the need for capable guardians as advanced by proponents of crime prevention through environmental design and the routine activities theory.
The effect of metabolic syndrome and its components in midpregnancy on neonatal outcomes

Background: The prevalence of metabolic syndrome has been rising worldwide in recent decades. Determining the associations between metabolic syndrome and its components in midpregnancy with neonatal anthropometric indices and outcomes is a major challenge in both public health and clinical care. Methods: This prospective cohort study was performed on 238 pregnant women at 24-28 weeks of gestation. Metabolic syndrome was recognized with 3 or more of the following criteria: triglyceride ≥ 247 mg/dL; HDL < 61 mg/dL; GCT ≥ 140 mg/dL; prepregnancy body mass index ≥ 30 kg/m2; and blood pressure ≥ 130/85 mmHg. Statistical analysis was performed through descriptive statistics, including mean, standard deviation, frequency, and percentage, Mann-Whitney test, Chi-square test, Fisher’s exact test, linear and logistic regression in SPSS 21.0. P values < 0.05 were considered significant. Results: There was a significant association between blood hypertriglyceridemia in weeks 24-28 and anthropometric indices, including weight, height, and jaundice, in the first 24 hours of birth. Metabolic syndrome also had a significant relationship with jaundice (P=0.002). The results of linear regression analysis revealed that metabolic syndrome was positively associated with birth weight (B=0.18, P=0.003) and height (B=0.18, P=0.009). Among the components of metabolic syndrome, the results showed a direct relationship between increased blood triglyceride of the mother and newborn’s weight (B=0.11, P=0.011) and height (B=0.14, P=0.007). Also, increased BMI had a significant direct relationship with the newborn’s weight (B=0.11, P=0.023) and height (B=0.12, P=0.023). Moreover, decreased HDL had a significant reverse relationship with the newborn’s weight (B=0.09, P=0.042). Conclusion: Presence of metabolic syndrome and its components in midpregnancy may influence neonatal outcomes, especially anthropometric indices. However, more studies should be conducted to further investigate these relationships.
Do migrant networks affect education in source countries? Evidence from urban Mexico

This paper examines whether family and community migration experience affect the probability of high school graduation in urban Mexico. Bivariate random effects dynamic Probit models are estimated to control for the potential correlation of unobservables across migration and education decisions as well as within groups of individuals such as the family. Significant migrant network effects are detected. Having a migrant father (mother) increases the likelihood of US migration by 5 percentual points (9 p.p.). Similarly, a migrant mother (elder migrant sibling) increase the likelihood of high school graduation by 12 p.p. (6 p.p). Negative migrant selection is detected. JEL classification: I21, F22, J61, C35.
The Identification of Key Gene Expression Signature and Biological Pathways in Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma

Purpose: To investigate the potential mechanisms contributing to metastasis of clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC), screen the hub genes, associated pathways of metastatic ccRCC and identify potential biomarkers. Methods: The ccRCC metastasis gene expression profile GSE47352 was employed to analyze the differentially expressed genes (DEGs). DAVID was performed to assess Gene ontology (GO) and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses. The protein-protein interaction (PPI) network and modules were constructed. The function pathway, prognostic and diagnostic analysis of these hub genes was picked out to estimate their potential effects on metastasis of ccRCC. Results: A total of 873 DEGs were identified (503 upregulated genes and 370 downregulated genes). Meanwhile, top 20 hub genes were displayed. GO analysis showed that the top 20 hub genes were enriched in regulation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase signaling, positive regulation of DNA replication, protein autophosphorylation, protein tyrosine kinase activity, etc. KEGG analysis indicated these hub genes were enriched in the Ras signaling pathway, PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, HIF-1 signaling pathway, Pathways in cancer, etc. The GO and KEGG enrichment analyses for the hub genes disclosed important biological features of metastatic ccRCC. PPI network showed the interaction of top 20 hub genes. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) revealed that some of the hub genes was associated with metastasis, epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT), hypoxia cancer and adipogenesis of ccRCC. Some top hub genes were distinctive and new discoveries compared with that of the existing associated researches. Conclusions: Our analysis uncovered that changes in signal pathways such as Ras signaling pathway, PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, etc. may be the main signatures of metastatic ccRCC. We identified several candidate biomarkers related with overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) of ccRCC patients. Accordingly, they might be novel therapeutic targets and used as potential biomarkers for diagnosis, prognosis of ccRCC.