Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
In-center hemodialysis six times per week versus three times per week.

BACKGROUND In this randomized clinical trial, we aimed to determine whether increasing the frequency of in-center hemodialysis would result in beneficial changes in left ventricular mass, self-reported physical health, and other intermediate outcomes among patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis. METHODS Patients were randomly assigned to undergo hemodialysis six times per week (frequent hemodialysis, 125 patients) or three times per week (conventional hemodialysis, 120 patients) for 12 months. The two coprimary composite outcomes were death or change (from baseline to 12 months) in left ventricular mass, as assessed by cardiac magnetic resonance imaging, and death or change in the physical-health composite score of the RAND 36-item health survey. Secondary outcomes included cognitive performance; self-reported depression; laboratory markers of nutrition, mineral metabolism, and anemia; blood pressure; and rates of hospitalization and of interventions related to vascular access. RESULTS Patients in the frequent-hemodialysis group averaged 5.2 sessions per week; the weekly standard Kt/V(urea) (the product of the urea clearance and the duration of the dialysis session normalized to the volume of distribution of urea) was significantly higher in the frequent-hemodialysis group than in the conventional-hemodialysis group (3.54±0.56 vs. 2.49±0.27). Frequent hemodialysis was associated with significant benefits with respect to both coprimary composite outcomes (hazard ratio for death or increase in left ventricular mass, 0.61; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.46 to 0.82; hazard ratio for death or a decrease in the physical-health composite score, 0.70; 95% CI, 0.53 to 0.92). Patients randomly assigned to frequent hemodialysis were more likely to undergo interventions related to vascular access than were patients assigned to conventional hemodialysis (hazard ratio, 1.71; 95% CI, 1.08 to 2.73). Frequent hemodialysis was associated with improved control of hypertension and hyperphosphatemia. There were no significant effects of frequent hemodialysis on cognitive performance, self-reported depression, serum albumin concentration, or use of erythropoiesis-stimulating agents. CONCLUSIONS Frequent hemodialysis, as compared with conventional hemodialysis, was associated with favorable results with respect to the composite outcomes of death or change in left ventricular mass and death or change in a physical-health composite score but prompted more frequent interventions related to vascular access. (Funded by the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases and others; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00264758.).
Modified switched IMM estimator based on autoregressive extended Viterbi method for maneuvering target tracking

: In this paper, a new approach of maneuvering target tracking algorithm based on the autoregressive extended Viterbi (AREV) model is proposed. In contrast to weakness of traditional constant velocity (CV) and constant acceleration (CA) models to noise effect reduction, the autoregressive (AR) part of the new model which changes the structure of state space equations is proposed. Also using a dynamic form of the state transition matrix leads to improving the rate of convergence and decreasing the noise effects. Since AR will impose the load of overmodeling to the computations, the extended Viterbi (EV) method is incorporated to AR in two cases of EV1 and EV2. According to most probable paths in the interacting multiple model (IMM) during non-maneuvering and maneuvering parts of estimation, EV1 and EV2 respectively can decrease load of overmodeling computations and improve the AR performance. This new method is coupled with proposed detection schemes for maneuver occurrence and termination as well as for switching initializations. Appropriate design parameter values are derived for the detection schemes of maneuver occurrences and terminations. Finally, simulations demonstrate that the performance of the proposed model is better than the other older linear and also nonlinear algorithms in constant velocity motions and also in various types of maneuvers.
Simulation of large-scale ice-sheet surges: The ISMIP HEINO experiments

The three-dimensional, dynamic/thermodynamic ice-sheet model SICOPOLIS (SImulation COde for POLythermal Ice Sheets) is applied to the ISMIP HEINO (Ice Sheet Model Intercomparison Project–Heinrich Event INtercOmparison) set-up. ISMIP HEINO has been designed to study large-scale ice-sheet instabilities, similar to those of the Laurentide ice sheet which are likely the cause of Heinrich events, on a simplified geometry which consists of a flat square with 4000 km side length. This square contains an area which resembles Hudson Bay and Hudson Strait, on which rapid sediment sliding can occur. The ice sheet is built up over 200 ka by assuming a temporally constant glacial climate. For the standard set-up of ISMIP HEINO, we obtain an oscillatory behaviour of the ice sheet with a main period of approx. 7.5 ka. One cycle consists of a gradual growth phase, followed by a massive surge through “Hudson Bay” and “Hudson Strait” owing to rapid sediment sliding on a molten bed. The occurrence of internal oscillations is robust against moderate variations of the surface boundary conditions and the strength of the sediment sliding. These findings support the idea of a free oscillatory mechanism as the main cause for large-scale ice-sheet surges. key words: ice sheet, Heinrich event, instability, surge, model intercomparison
Migration Timing, Routes, and Connectivity of Eurasian Woodcock Wintering in Britain and Ireland

Migration represents a critical time in the annual cycle of Eurasian woodcock ( Scolopax rusticola ), with potential consequences for individual fitness and survival. In October–December, Eurasian woodcock migrate from breeding grounds in northern Eurasia over thousands of kilometres to western Europe, returning in March–May. The species is widely hunted in Europe, with 2.3–3.5 million individuals shot per year; hence, an understanding of the timing of migration and routes taken is an essential part of developing sustainable flyway management. Our aims were to determine the timing and migration routes of Eurasian woodcock wintering in Britain and Ireland, and to assess the degree of connectivity between breeding and wintering sites. We present data from 52 Eurasian woodcock fitted with satellite tags in late winter 2012–2016, which indicate that the timing of spring departure varied annually and was positively correlated with temperature, with a mean departure date of 26 March (± 1.4 days SE). Spring migration distances averaged 2,851 ± 165 km (SE), with individuals typically making 5 stopovers. The majority of our sample of tagged Eurasian woodcock migrated to breeding sites in northwestern Russia (54%), with smaller proportions breeding in Denmark, Scandinavia, and Finland (29%); Poland, Latvia, and Belarus (9.5%); and central Russia (7.5%). The accumulated migration routes of tagged individuals suggest a main flyway for Eurasian woodcock wintering in Britain and Ireland through Belgium, the Netherlands, and Germany, and then dividing to pass through the countries immediately north and south of the Baltic Sea. We found a weak positive relationship between breeding site longitude and wintering site latitude, suggesting broadly parallel migration routes from distinct breeding areas but some mixing of individuals from different breeding areas at the same wintering site.
E conomic A nalysis of L aw R eview

Does the occurrence of crimes increase or decrease on sporting event days? There is no conclusive answer in the literature. This article uses a database that combines crime occurrences in the Metropolitan Region of Porto Alegre and the performance of soccer matches in a panel of daily data for the period 2014-2018. Considering matches as an exogenous variable, we estimated an autoregressive distributed lag model (ARDL). We found that the hypothesis of reduction of crime due to the greater security adopted in 2014 - the year in which Brazil hosted the World Cup - is supported. Also, we found a 4-day delayed small, but positive effect of matches on crime
Categorization: Identity, Social Process and Epistemology

Categorization is central to all classification and knowledge. It is also central to sociology. With respect to social identity - the classification of humans - it is defined as the identification of others (in contrast to self- and group identification). Social identification, involving both similarity and difference, is constituted in a dialectical interplay between internal and external identification. The latter is categorization. The impact on identity of categorization depends not simply on cognitive internalization, but also on its consequences, and the capacity of actors to make their identifications of others count. Conceptualizing the social world as three orders - the individual, the interactional, and the institutional - categorization is central to understanding each. Following a consideration of a range of institutionalized social contexts in which categorization is significant, the critical implications of this approach for recent discourses about `difference' are outlined.
Des outils statistiques pour l'analyse des semis de points dans l'espace écologique

La mise en relation d'un ou de plusieurs semis de points avec des cartes de variables environnementales est centrale en Ecologie. Les points representent en general des localisations d'individus d'une ou de plusieurs especes. Cette these presente une demarche pour identifier les variables environnementales qui sont les plus structurantes de la distribution des points. Elle repose sur l'exploration des donnees dans l'espace geographique et dans l'espace defini par les variables environnementales (espace ecologique). L'analyse d'un seul semis et celle de plusieurs semis de points sont considerees. Des collaborations ont permis de developper ou d'ameliorer des outils d'analyse spatiale (analyse discriminante sur vecteurs propres du graphe de voisinage) ou ecologique (ENFA, analyse K-select, analyse factorielle des rapports de selection), reposant sur la theorie de l'analyse factorielle. Une bibliotheque de fonctions pour le logiciel R, adehabitat, a ete programmee pour faciliter cette demarche d'analyse
The Use of COIR as a Containerized Growing Medium for Douglas-fir Seedlings

N than peat moss and a peat moss-sawdust mixture. Bulk densities of coir and coir-based media were lower than those in peat moss and a peat moss-sawdust mixture. After 21 wk, seedlings grown in coir-based media were significantly smaller and had lower foliar N and Ca than those grown in peat moss. Because of coir’s many favorable qualities, we suggest further research using culturing regimes specific to the substrate’s nutrient properties.
Association of Prior Statin Therapy With Cardiovascular Outcomes in Patients With Initial Diagnosis of OCAD and LDL-C Below 1.8 mmol/L

This study investigated the effect of prior statin therapy on cardiovascular outcomes in patients with a diagnosis of obstructive coronary artery disease (OCAD) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) <1.8 mmol/L. A total of 1330 patients with baseline LDL-C <1.8 mmol/L were included; 548 had received prior statin therapy [prior statin (+)] and 782 had no prior statin [prior statin (−)]. Major adverse cardiac and cerebral event (MACCE) during hospitalization and a median follow-up of 25 months were analyzed. Compared with the prior statin (−) group, who displayed similar atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk burden including 71.6% with hypertension, 39.1% with diabetes, and 76.1% with ≥3 risk factors, the prior statin (+) group had significantly lower incidence of composite MACCE, all-cause death and cardiovascular death. After multivariable adjustment, non-prior statin therapy was independently associated with all-cause death [hazard ratio (HR) 2.09, 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.13-3.87, P = . 019] and cardiovascular death (HR 2.28, 95% CI, 1.04-5.00, P = .040), particularly in the subgroups aged ≥65 years and with hypertension. Overall, compared with "naturally" LDL-C <1.8 mmol/L without statin, prior statin therapy to achieve an LDL-C <1.8 mmol/L independently predicted a lower risk of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in patients with a diagnosis of OCAD.
The development of rubi web (rumah biologi web) in biodiversity concept

This study aims to develop a web-based learning media, namely RUBI WEB (Rumah Biologi Web) in the concept of biodiversity. The research method used in this research is a modified development research method from Borg & Gall (2003) whose stages consist of information gathering, planning, product development, and initial field trials. Aspects of the assessment of the material assessed include aspects of material and aspects of language, then aspects of media assessment that are assessed include aspects of software engineering, aspects of instructional design, and aspects of visual communication. The results of the material feasibility test by material experts obtained a percentage value of 80% and media feasibility tests by media experts obtained a percentage value of 83.4%. The results of the user response test by students obtained a percentage value of 86. Therefore, it can be interpreted that the RUBI WEB website learning media in the concept of biodiversity is included in the grade A+ category with a range of percentile ratings between 96-100%, best imaginable adjectives category, acceptable level of acceptance, and NPS (Net Promotore Score) in class promoter, i.e. users are satisfied and loyal to RUBI WEB media, so that they can make users want to recommend this media to others
Organizational Learning of Absorptive Capacity and Innovation: Does Leadership Matter? European Management

Following the process-based definition of absorptive capacity, this study seeks to explore the mediating role of transformational and transactional leadership styles in the relationship between the three learning processes of absorptive capacity and innovation. Based on a survey in the United Arab Emirates (UAE), it was found that transformational leadership mediates the relationship between exploratory and transformational learning processes and innovation. It was also found that transactional leadership did not mediate the relationship between the internal exploitative learning process and innovation. Whilst several researchers have noted a need to develop a better theoretical understanding of the mechanisms explaining the interplay between absorptive capacity and innovation, we provide theoretical explanations of the underlying mechanism and further offer explanations as to why some firms are better able to convert external knowledge into strategic innovations when compared with others. The implications of these findings for theory and practice are delineated.
Selective upstream influence on the unsteadiness of a separated turbulent compression ramp flow

A study of the shock-wave/boundary-layer interaction induced by a compression ramp was carried out using high-fidelity simulations. The objective was to investigate the influence of upstream disturbances on low-frequency separation unsteadiness. Two computations were performed for a 24° compression ramp at Mach 2.25, one highly resolved case and one reduced-resolution case. The reduced-resolution case was run for an extended duration to capture many cycles of low-frequency unsteadiness. Basic flow characteristics, including statistics on the boundary layer, wall pressure, and skin friction, were computed. Frequency spectra were calculated to confirm the presence of low-frequency unsteadiness. The influence of upstream disturbances on large-scale separation unsteadiness was investigated using correlations, filtering, and conditional averaging based on the position of the primary separation shock. Low-frequency unsteadiness was found to be related to structures near the wall (y/δ < 0.5) with a time scale greater than 20δ/U∞, whereas higher frequency separation motion could be attributed to turbulent boundary layer structures with a time scale on the order of δ/U∞. The finding that the separation region responds selectively to certain large-scale, near-wall perturbations in the incoming flow supports a model of separation unsteadiness in which external forcing by certain components of boundary layer turbulence drives a weakly damped global mode of the separation bubble. This contrasts with suggestions that have been made in the literature that the separation region oscillates on its own, as in an amplified global mode.A study of the shock-wave/boundary-layer interaction induced by a compression ramp was carried out using high-fidelity simulations. The objective was to investigate the influence of upstream disturbances on low-frequency separation unsteadiness. Two computations were performed for a 24° compression ramp at Mach 2.25, one highly resolved case and one reduced-resolution case. The reduced-resolution case was run for an extended duration to capture many cycles of low-frequency unsteadiness. Basic flow characteristics, including statistics on the boundary layer, wall pressure, and skin friction, were computed. Frequency spectra were calculated to confirm the presence of low-frequency unsteadiness. The influence of upstream disturbances on large-scale separation unsteadiness was investigated using correlations, filtering, and conditional averaging based on the position of the primary separation shock. Low-frequency unsteadiness was found to be related to structures near the wall (y/δ < 0.5) with a time scale gr.
Turbulent stress at the ice/ocean interface and bottom surface hydraulic roughness during the SHEBA drift : The surface heat budget of arctic ocen (SHEBA)

[1] Upper ocean turbulence and mean current data from the 1997-1998 Surface Heat Budget of the Arctic Ocean (SHEBA) drift in the western Arctic Ocean were used to estimate turbulent shear stress at the ice/ocean interface and hydraulic roughness of the ice undersurface. Techniques for determining interfacial stress from velocity covariance measurements in the ice/ocean boundary layer (IOBL) are complicated by buoyancy flux and the heterogeneity of the ice undersurface, where protrusions corresponding to relatively small upper surface features become major obstacles when compared to the scale of the IOBL. In addition, ice deformation forced relocation of the main SHEBA oceanographic program about midway through the experiment. Hence, there were two different measurement sites to consider. Three different methods were used to compute the undersurface roughness characterizing the undeformed, multiyear floe occupied by the SHEBA project. The first was straightforward (naive) application of the law of the wall to turbulent stress and mean velocity measurements from the turbulence instrument cluster nearest to the interface, assuming a logarithmic velocity profile and constant stress. For the second method, local turbulence closure was used to model the entire IOBL in order to estimate the impact of Coriolis stress attenuation and buoyancy forces on stress and shear near the boundary. A third method, proposed here for the first time, estimated mixing length and eddy viscosity from a scale inversely proportional to the wave number at the peak of the weighted vertical velocity spectrum. The last method appears most robust, in that it shows no overall difference in z 0 between the two sites and only minor seasonal and directional differences. The best estimate for the undersurface roughness of undeformed, multiyear ice at the SHEBA site is 0.0048 m < z 0 < 0.007, i.e., about 6 mm. Specification of a regional aggregate under-ice roughness requires additional consideration of the added drag from isolated pressure keels and floe edges, along with reduced drag from smoother, newly frozen ice and open water.
Pliocene insectivores from Węże

This paper contains a description of 18 insectivore species recovered from the bone breccia at Weze near Dzialoszyn (province of Lodź). The described forms include four new species and one new genus: Erinaceus samsonowiczi n. sp. , Blarinoides mariae n. gen., n. sp. , Neomys soriculoides n. sp. , Suncus zelceus n. sp. The writer explains his methods of work and discusses the age and origin of the breccia, as well as the problem of the palaeogeographic distribution of some species found in the Weze bone breccia.
Prevalence of Hepatitis b and c viral infections among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected patients on highly active anti-retroviral therapy (haart) in the university of port harcourt teaching hospital

Introduction : This study determined the prevalence of hepatitis B and C viral infections among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected patients on highly active anti-retroviral therapy (HAART) in the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital. Methodology : It was a purposive, cross-sectional study that was conducted in the Anti-retroviral clinic of the facility and a sample size of 38.33 (increased to 100, due to perceived small size), using a prevalence of 2.56% from a previous study by Nnakenyi et al. (2019). Results : There was more female participation, 77.0%, majority had secondary school education, 59.0%, mostly Civil servants, 43.0%, Christians, 87.0% and mainly of Ijaw ethnicity, 39.0%. Majority had heard of HBV and HCV, 84.0%, mainly in the hospital, 36.9%, with the least from friends/family members, 6.0%, 98.0% had not been infected by any of the hepatic viruses, all of them affirmed that the viruses can be treated, 100.0%, while 72.0% confirmed the efficacy of medical treatment for the viruses and 46.0% had been vaccinated against the viruses. Also, majority opined that sexual intercourse is the main route for transmission of the hepatic viruses, 51.0%, followed by blood transfusion, 37.0% and lifestyle is the most common risk factor to contract the viruses, 71.0%. The prevalence of HBV, HCV and VDRL among HIV-infected patients on HAART was 96.0%, 98.0% and 99.0% respectively. Similarly, we observed statistical significance of HBV (0.042) and HCV (0.021), as well as, venereal diseases (0.028). Conclusion : There is low prevalence of the hepatic viruses among HIV infected persons in the study population, while the existence of a venereal disease is a risk factor to contracting the hepatic viruses, owing to similar pathways of transmission, thus, rigorous efforts at educating the populace about the risk factors and common routes of transmission of these viruses is required.
ADEMU WORKING PAPER SERIES In Search of the Transmission Mechanism of Fiscal Policy in the Euro Area

This paper applies the DSGE-VAR methodology to assess the size of fiscal multipliers in the data and the relative contributions of two transmission mechanisms of government spending shocks, namely hand-to-mouth consumers and Edgeworth complementarity. Econometric experiments show that a DSGE model with Edgeworth complementarity is a better representation of the transmission mechanism of fiscal policy as it yields dynamic responses close to those obtained with the flexible DSGE-VAR model (i.e. an impact output multiplier larger than one and a crowding-in of private consumption). The estimated share of hand-to-mouth consumers is too small to replicate the positive response of private consumption.