Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Diets of Longnose Sucker in Yellowstone Lake, Yellowstone National Park, USA

Abstract Invasive species introduction and expansion is the second greatest threat to global biodiversity decline after habitat degradation. Introduced in the 1930s, the benthivorous Longnose Sucker (Catostomus catostomus) became established in Yellowstone Lake, Wyoming, USA, and used tributary streams for spawning. With this introduction, concerns were raised regarding their possible competition for food resources with native adfluvial Yellowstone Cutthroat Trout (Oncorhynchus clarkii bouvieri). Additionally, insufficient literature exists on Longnose Sucker feeding habits throughout their range, and there has been no comprehensive study of Longnose Sucker diet in Yellowstone Lake. The need exists for understanding the community ecology and food web dynamics in Yellowstone Lake, especially as non-native Lake Trout (Salvelinus namaycush) have caused declines in Yellowstone Cutthroat Trout through predation. The objectives of this study were to examine possible size-specific shifts in feeding habits, evaluate feeding strategy, and compare historical and contemporary diet data of Longnose Suckers in Yellowstone Lake. Diet data collected during summer of 2018 were analyzed by length-class to test for size-specific diet shifts. As Longnose Sucker length increased, copepods (Diacyclops bicuspidatus thomasi, Leptodiaptomus ashlandi or Hesperodiaptomus shoshone) decreased in proportion by weight. In contrast, dipterans (Chironomidae) and amphipods (Hyalella spp. or Gammarus spp.) varied in proportion by weight in the diet across length classes. We assessed the feeding strategy by evaluating the relationship between prey-specific abundance and percent frequency of occurrence. This assessment indicates that Longnose Suckers have a heterogeneous diet and generalized feeding strategy as all prey items had a prey-specific abundance value of <50%. Diet composition differed significantly between historical and contemporary samples, likely related to the differences in sampling locations and possibly due to a Lake Trout-induced trophic cascade. This study established the diet composition and feeding habits of Longnose Suckers residing in Yellowstone Lake, thus, expanding our knowledge of Longnose Sucker feeding patterns and ecology.
blaKPC-2 and blaOXA-48 producing Klebsiella pneumoniae found in a Turkish hospital in the Balkans

Carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae carrying blaKPC-2, blaOxa48, and other metallo--lactamases (MBLs) are difficult to treat. This study was conducted to study the phenotypic and genotypic features of carbapenem resistance in isolates of K. pneumoniae isolated from a tertiary care hospital in the European region of Turkey. Isolates of K. pneumonia (n=100) resistant to at least one carbapenem (imipenem, meropenem, or ertapenem) were collected from 60 patients for 14 months. Carbapenem resistance was determined via the VITEK-2 system and the E-test confirmed this. The Modified Hodge Test (MHT) and Double Disc Synergy Test (DDST) were performed. Genes were analyzed by Sybr-Green real-time, multiplex and convensional polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Phylogenetic relatedness was analyzed by ERIC-PCR. The rate of resistance by E-test against ertapenem, imipenem, and meropenem were 98, 94, and 72%, respectively; 21% of isolates were somewhat susceptible to tygecycline. The MHT positivity was 98% and DDST was negative in all cases. There were 19 and 24% of isolates positive for blaKPC-2 and blaOxa-48, respectively. ERIC-PCR showed that all blaKPC-2-positive isolates were branched into two main clusters with 80.5% similarity. The results indicate that blaKPC-2 mediated carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP) infection is spreading in Turkey and blaOXA-48 endemicity continues to be a serious problem. The molecular determination of carbapenemases will be useful for patients with concurrent carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteria¬ceae (CRE) infections. This could prevented outbreaks and complications. Key words: Klebsiella pneumoniae, carbapenem resistance, blaKPC-2, blaOxa-48.
Effectiveness of Some Plant Extracts against Fusarium spp. Causing Cotton Seedlings Damping-off.

The antifungal activity of 4 plant extracts from cinnamon (Cinnamomum zeylanicum), clove (Syzygium aromaticum), garlic (Allium sativum) and ginger (Zingiber officinale) was in vitro evaluated against 10 Fusarium spp. causing cotton seedlings damping-off. The pathogenicity of such Fusarium spp. on cotton seedlings was confirmed using soil infestation technique under greenhouse conditions. Experimental results were statistically analyzed and the least significant difference was used to compare means. Some of the tested isolates were found to be virulent on the two inoculated cultivars compared with the control. Other isolates were virulent on one of the tested cultivars only. The highest virulent degrees were recorded for F. moniliforme on the Giza-90 cultivar and F. oxysporum on the Giza-86 cultivar. Most of the applied plant extracts were found to be effective in inhibiting the Fusarium growth. The efficacy of all tested plant extracts was increased as the concentration increase. The potency of such extracts were varied depending on the concentrations and Fusarium spp. Garlic extract, at 20% concentration exhibited more than 50% inhibition against 80% of the tested species. Meanwhile, 94% inhibitions of all tested isolates were achieved by 4% concentration of the clove extract. Both of the clove and garlic extracts were successfully effective in suppressing the Fusarium growth in vitro. They could be promising as a source of natural eco-friendly phyto-fungicidal compounds for in vivo applications. (El-Samawaty A.M.A., Yassin M.A., Moslem M.A., Omar M.R. Effectiveness of Some Plant Extracts against Fusarium spp. Causing Cotton Seedlings Damping-off. Life Sci J 2013;10(4):510-515) (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite. com . 66
Mechanisms Underlying Recent Arctic Atlantification

Recent warming and reduced sea ice concentrations in the Atlantic sector of the Arctic Ocean are the main signatures of ongoing Arctic “Atlantification. ” The mechanisms driving the warming trends are nevertheless still debated, particularly regarding the relative importance of oceanic and atmospheric heat fluxes. Here, heat budgets along main Atlantic water pathways through the Barents Sea and Fram Strait are constructed to investigate the mechanisms of Atlantification during 1993–2014. The largest warming trends occur south of the winter ice edge, with ocean advection as the main driver. Warming in the marginal ice zone is mainly due to low surface heat loss from the 1990s to the mid‐2000s. In the ice‐covered northwestern Barents Sea, ocean advection and air‐sea heat fluxes act in concert to drive a gradual warming of the upper ocean. Despite a weakened stratification, no evidence is found of vertical oceanic temperature fluxes driving this upper‐ocean warming.
Do green knowledge and attitude influence the youth's green purchasing? Theory of planned behavior

The paper examines the role of green knowledge and green attitude in purchasing behavior of the youth in Ghana. This study focuses on investigating how green value and green trust mediates the relationship between green knowledge and green attitude and purchase behavior of the youth in Ghana. ,A quantitative approach was used. A total of 417 respondents were selected using convenient sampling method. Respondents were selected at leading shopping malls (grocery stores) in Accra the national capital of Ghana. Data was analyzed using the partial least square (PLS). Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to investigate the relationship among the variables. ,The findings indicate that there is a positive and significant relationship between green knowledge and purchasing behavior and also that there is a positive and significant relationship between green attitude and purchasing behavior. The findings revealed further that green trust do not mediate the relationship between green knowledge and purchasing behavior but green value does. The findings suggest that green value is more important in purchasing decision of the youth in Ghana than trust. ,Research is essentially cross-sectional and longitudinal studies and can validate findings in the long term. The researchers admit that this research work which is carried out only in Ghana cannot be used to generalize an assumption for the entire youth in Africa and beyond. The sample size could be improved and the study could be conducted in other African countries for the purposes of comparison. ,Business managers who are interested in sustainability of their firms and society at large can be guided by this insight that green knowledge and attitude influence purchase decisions of the youth. The findings that green trust do not mediate the relationship between green knowledge and purchasing behavior but green value does will guide managers on marketing and communication strategies especially toward the youth. ,The model argues that the youth purchasing behavior is influenced by green knowledge and attitude. The model suggests that that green value is more important in purchasing decision of the youth in Ghana than trust. The model further points out that green trust do not mediate the relationship between green knowledge and purchasing behavior.
Forecasting Malaysian Exchange Rate using Artificial Neural Network

In todays fast paced global economy, the accuracy in forecasting the foreign exchange rate or predicting the trend is a critical key for any future business to come. The use of computational intelligence based techniques for forecasting has been proved to be successful for quite some time. This study presents a computational advance for forecasting the Foreign Exchange Rate in Kuala Lumpur for Ringgit Malaysia against US Dollar. A neural network based model has been used in forecasting the days ahead of exchange rate. The aims of this research are to make a prediction of Foreign Exchange Rate in Kuala Lumpur for Ringgit Malaysia against US Dollar using artificial neural network and determine practicality of the model. The Alyuda NeuroIntelligence software was utilized to analyze and to predict the data. After the data has been processed and the structural network compared to each other, the network of 2-4-1 has been chosen by outperforming other networks. This network selection criteria are based on Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) value which shows the lowest of them all. The training algorithm that applied is Quasi-Netwon based on the lowest recorded absolute training error. Hence, it is believed that experimental results demonstrate that Artificial Neural Network based model can closely predict the future exchange rate.
Glazed Photovoltaic-thermal (PVT) Collectors for Domestic Hot Water Preparation in Multifamily Building

Photovoltaic–thermal collector generates electrical and thermal energy simultaneously from the same area. In this paper performance analysis of a potentially very promising application of a glazed photovoltaic–thermal collector for domestic hot water preparation in multifamily building is presented. Solar system in multifamily building can be installed on the roof or integrated in the façade of the building. The aim of this simulation study is to show difference of thermal and electrical performance between façade and roof installation of a glazed photovoltaic-thermal collectors at three European locations. Subsequently, this study shows benefit of photovoltaic-thermal collector installation in comparison with side-by-side installation of conventional system. For the purpose of simulation study, mathematical model of glazed photovoltaic-thermal collector has been experimentally validated and implemented into TRNSYS. A solar domestic hot water system with photovoltaic–thermal collectors generates more electrical and thermal energy in comparison with a conventional system across the whole of Europe for a particular installation in a multifamily building. The specific thermal yield of the photovoltaic–thermal system ranges between 352 and 582 kWh/m2. The photovoltaic–thermal system electric yield ranges between 63 and 149 kWh/m2. The increase in electricity production by the photovoltaic–thermal system varies from 19% to 32% in comparison with a conventional side-by-side system. The increase in thermal yield differs between the façade and roof alternatives. Photovoltaic-thermal system installation on the roof has higher thermal yield than conventional system and the increase of thermal yield ranges from 37% to 53%. The increase in thermal yield of façade photovoltaic-thermal system is significantly higher in comparison with a conventional system and ranges from 71% to 81%.
Substance use among commercial motorcyclists and its relationship with life satisfaction and significant depressive symptoms

ABSTRACT Background: The study examines substance use rates and their relationship with significant depressive symptoms and satisfaction with life among commercial motorcyclists. Methods: Participants were assessed with Alcohol, Smoking and Substance Involvement Screening Test (ASSIST), PHQ-9, and Satisfaction with life scales (SWLS). The odds of developing depression were calculated for each substance use variable using chi-square. The relationship between substance use variables and SWLS was explored using independent t-test. A p-value of 0.05 or below was adjudged significant. Results: The lifetime and current prevalence of any substance use was 61.0% (95% CI = 56.3–65.3) and 53.7 (49.0–58.4) respectively. Alcohol was the commonest substance used, followed by cigarettes, tramadol, and cannabis in that order. Twenty-six percent had significant depressive symptoms mostly in the mild form. Participants with a history of lifetime and current use of any substance, lifetime, and current use of alcohol significantly had higher odds of experiencing significant depressive symptoms. No significant association between substance use variables and satisfaction with life scores. Conclusion: Findings show a high rate of substance use among commercial motorcyclists, even above the national average, with most being dissatisfied with life. Effort at reducing substance use and misuse may go a long way in reducing road traffic accidents, psychiatric morbidities and improving overall wellbeing.
Innovative Hydrodynamic Disintegrator Adjusted to Agricultural Substrates Pre-treatment Aimed at Methane Production Intensification—CFD Modelling and Batch Tests

The study objective was to adjust the hydrodynamic disintegrator dedicated to sewage sludge pre-treatment (HDS) to work with agricultural substrate. This involved the development and implementation of a mathematical model of flow via the device’s domain. An innovative disintegrator (HAD—hydrodynamic disintegrator for agriculture) was designed, built, and tested based on the obtained results. The main improvements to the HDS include the implementation of shredding knives in order to overcome clogging by crushed substrate, and the application of ribs in the recirculation zone, contributing to the development of an additional structure damage zone. The challenge of this study was also to determine the operating parameters of the HDA that would provide for an increase in methane production with positive energy balance. The testing procedures, for which maize silage was selected, involved batch disintegration tests and biochemical methane potential tests. No clogging of rotor or spontaneous shutting off of the device, in other words, problems that had occurred in the HDS, were observed. The applied pre-treatment method permitted an increase in the methane potential of maize silage by 34.4%, 27.0%, and 21.6%, respectively for samples disintegrated at energy densities of 10 kJ/L, 20 kJ/L, and 35 kJ/L with net energy profit.
Improving the representation of cropland sites in the Community Land Model (CLM) version 5.0

<p>The incorporation of a comprehensive crop module in land surface models offers the possibility to study the effect of agricultural land use and land management changes on the terrestrial water, energy and biogeochemical cycles. It may help to improve the simulation of biogeophysical and biogeochemical processes on regional and global scales in the framework of climate and land use change. In this study, the performance of the crop module of the Community Land Model version 5 (CLM5) was evaluated at point scale with site specific field data focussing on the simulation of seasonal and inter-annual variations in crop growth, planting and harvesting cycles, and crop yields as well as water, energy and carbon fluxes. In order to better represent agricultural sites, the model was modified by (1) implementing the winter wheat subroutines after Lu et al. (2017) in CLM5; (2) implementing plant specific parameters for sugar beet, potatoes and winter wheat, thereby adding the two crop functional types (CFT) for sugar beet and potatoes to the list of actively managed crops in CLM5; (3) introducing a cover cropping subroutine that allows multiple crop types on the same column within one year. The latter modification allows the simulation of cropping during winter months before usual cash crop planting begins in spring, which is an agricultural management technique with a long history that is regaining popularity to reduce erosion and improve soil health and carbon storage and is commonly used in the regions evaluated in this study. We compared simulation results with field data and found that both the new crop specific parameterization, as well as the winter wheat subroutines, led to a significant simulation improvement in terms of energy fluxes (RMSE reduction for latent and sensible heat by up to 57 % and 59 %, respectively), leaf area index (LAI), net ecosystem exchange and crop yield (up to 87 % improvement in winter wheat yield prediction) compared with default model results. The cover cropping subroutine yielded a substantial improvement in representation of field conditions after harvest of the main cash crop (winter season) in terms of LAI magnitudes and seasonal cycle of LAI, and latent heat flux (reduction of winter time RMSE for latent heat flux by 42 %). Our modifications significantly improved model simulations and should therefore be applied in future studies with CLM5 to improve regional yield predictions and to better understand large-scale impacts of agricultural management on carbon, water and energy fluxes. </p>
Assessment of the experimental infection by Echinostoma paraensei (Lie & Basch, 1967) (Trematoda: Echinostomatidae) in two Biomphalaria tenagophila (D’Orbigny, 1835) (Gastropoda: Planorbidae) isolates resistant and susceptible to Schistosoma mansoni (Sambon, 1907) (Trematoda: Schistosomatidae)

Different isolates of Biomphalaria tenagophila show a large spectrum of compatibility to the trematode Schistosoma mansoni, ranging from entirely refractory to highly susceptible. The aim of this study was to verify the pattern of compatibility of two B. tenagophila geographical isolates, resistant and susceptible to S. mansoni, when infected with Echinostoma paraensei. The snails were exposed to different numbers of miracidia, and mortality, histopathological characteristics and the number of cercariae released were evaluated. A correlation between the number of miracidia and the infectivity rate of B. tenagophila (TAIM) was observed. There was no correlation between the number of miracidia used and the number of cercariae released for both B. tenagophila isolates. Biomphalaria tenagophila (SJC) showed little susceptibility to the E. paraensei infection. The results demonstrate different degrees of compatibility for the two B. tenagophila isolates when infected with E. paraensei, and may contribute to studies about host-parasite relationships.
Achievement Across the Life Span: Perspectives From the Terman Study of the Gifted

The Terman Study of the Gifted presents a unique opportunity to study the implications of achievement for life satisfaction in adulthood and aging. This article uses a life-span developmental perspective to summarize research concerning the lifetime achievement of the Terman sample, their appraisals of living up to their intellectual abilities, and their approaches to aging. A large majority of the Terman men reached high levels of occupational achievement, while the achievements of the Terman women were more varied. The historical context is important in understanding these gender differences. The participants’ appraisals of having lived up to their intellectual abilities were generally positive, and appraisals were related to lifetime achievement pattern and gender. Early knowledge of being labeled as gifted was negatively related to participants’ appraisals of their life accomplishments in adulthood. Finally, the lives of the Terman Study participants provide insight into possibilities for successful aging.
Combining Egalitarian and Proportional Sharing Rules in Team Tournaments to Incentivize Energy-Efficient Behavior in a Principal-Agent Context

Triggering the energy-efficient behavior of agents in firms simultaneously decreases costs and mitigates CO2 emissions. If firms use team tournaments to increase energy-efficient behavior and thus employee performance, they may face unintended consequences, like a bifurcation effect: Individuals drop out if they believe that they cannot win the contest. By contrast, high-performing employees may overexert themselves. Additionally, some individuals might be tempted to free-ride. In a field experiment with truck drivers, we analyze whether proportional sharing of the bonus within teams based on individual effort instead of egalitarian sharing reduces both bifurcation and free-riding during team tournaments. Our results reveal that (1) the team contest improves performance; (2) this increase in performance is overall slightly stronger under the proportional than under the egalitarian sharing rule, using ceteris paribus comparisons; and (3) the performance increase is mainly driven by the team member performing worse.
Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia illucens) Meal as a Promising Feed Ingredient for Poultry: A Comprehensive Review

Insects could be a potential replacement of protein-rich ingredients in poultry diets. Among these insects, black soldier fly (BSF), Hermetia illucens, has a high content of protein and fat, which reinforces the potential of using it in poultry feed formulation and makes it one of the most promising insect species for commercial production. Protein content as well as amino acid profile in H. illucens larvae is comparable to those in many protein-rich feedstuffs such as fish meal and soybean meal. BSF can convert organic wastes into a precious source of nutrients, such as proteins, lipids, and chitin, which contribute to reducing the environmental burden and pollution potential arising from organic waste accumulation. This review emphasizes the significance of this insect as a “green” technology in the extremely variable recycling of organic waste and generates a sustainable protein source as well as the importance of its use as a substitute of protein-rich feedstuff in poultry feed manufacturing.
Mathematical modeling of supercritical CO2 extraction of Eugenia pyriformis Cambess. leaves

Abstract Supercritical CO2 extracts of Eugenia pyriformis leaves are potential sources of α-amyrin and β-amyrin, which are bioactive compounds with several possible pharmacological applications. Supercritical CO2 extractions were performed to obtain kinetic curves at 60, 70, and 80 °C, and pressures of 150, 175, and 200 bar. Herein, the second order, equilibrium, as well as broken and intact cell mathematical models were evaluated, and the model based on Freundlich and Langmuir adsorption isotherm was also assessed. All tested models adequately represented the experimental kinetics and the Freundlich isotherm model best described the extraction kinetics.