Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Data proxies for assessment of urban soil suitability to support green infrastructure

Use of urban green infrastructure (GI) such as rain gardens, wetlands, and cisterns is a management option to provide ecosystem services such as stormwater detention, community green space, and pollinator habitat in urban core areas. It would be beneficial to efficiently and inexpensively characterize land parcels for GI suitability. We hypothesize that the capability of urban soils to support green infrastructure might be adequately characterized by extant site land cover rather than comparatively expensive and slow soil sampling and testing. As a pilot study, we directly characterized soil taxonomic, physical, and chemical characteristics and measured the percentage of vegetated, bare, and paved land cover for perimeters and interiors of 62 vacant lots and city parks located in Cleveland, Ohio, United States. All vacant lots and park areas were vegetated to some extent, and we were able to relate surface vegetation to several soil properties. Our results indicate that vegetation is correlated to sandiness, drainage capability, and basic metrics of nutrient availability for these sites, and that it might be possible with a group of such studies to identify a minimum suite of observations necessary to characterize urban lots in any city for GI suitability.
Benthic foraminiferal dissolved-oxygen index and dissolved-oxygen levels in the modern ocean

Changes in oxygen concentrations at the sediment-water interface play a major role in controlling benthic foraminiferal assemblages and morphologic characteristics; such changes are reflected in size, wall thickness, porosity, and also taxa (genera and species) of foraminifera present. These morphologic and taxonomic differences have been quantified as a dissolved-oxygen index. This paper demonstrates that the foraminiferal oxygen index derived from bathyal and abyssal Holocene faunas correlates well with the dissolved-oxygen levels in overlying waters. This index is then used for paleoenvironmental interpretations.
Results from a Nationwide Evaluation Study of Labor Market-Integrative Health Promotion for the Unemployed: Impact of the JOBS Program Germany

Compared to the employed, the unemployed suffer from poorer health, especially in terms of mental health. At the same time, health promotion rarely reaches unemployed people. The “JOBS Program” is an intervention to promote health and labor market integration and has shown positive effects in the USA and Finland. In this confirmatory study, we investigated whether the JOBS Program achieves similar effects in Germany. We applied a randomized controlled trial to compare an intervention group (IVG) with a waiting control group (WCG) before (T0; N = 94) and shortly after (T1; n = 65) the intervention. Concerning our primary outcomes, the JOBS Program Germany was beneficial: Compared to the WCG, the regression estimated that the IVG had (1) a 2.736 scale point higher level of life satisfaction (p = 0.049), (2) a 0.337 scale point higher level of general health (p = 0.025), and (3) a 14.524 scale point higher level of mental well-being (p = 0.004). Although not statistically significant, job search-specific self-efficacy also appeared to be positively associated with the intervention. This study provides evidence of the effectiveness of JOBS Program on the abovementioned outcomes, including for older and long-term unemployed people, supporting the benefits of regular implementation of this program for a wide range of unemployed people in Germany.
Magnesium Isotope Variations in Granite Regoliths From Two Contrasting Climates

Magnesium (Mg) isotopes have been utilized to constrain continental weathering; however, to date, little is known about the climate effects on Mg isotope fractionation during weathering. In this study, we measured δ26Mg values of bulk regolith and exchangeable fraction in two granite regolith profiles developed under temperate, semiarid and tropical, humid climate conditions, respectively. Combined with mineralogy and element composition, we aimed to investigate how climate influences fractionation patterns of Mg isotopes during chemical weathering. At the temperate site, δ26Mg values of regolith are slightly higher than that of the bedrock and negatively correlated with τMg,Th. Correspondingly, the exchangeable Mg is characterized by low δ26Mg values. These results can be explained by the formation of small number of clay minerals. For the tropical regolith profile, δ26Mg values decrease toward the surface, and the regolith has either lower δ26Mg values above −250 cm or higher δ26Mg values below −250 cm relative to the bedrock. The δ26Mg value of exchangeable Mg is markedly lower than that of the regolith and varies significantly. These results can be explained by the mixing of Mg from solid weathering products and atmospheric deposition. The Mg from rainwater and/or marine aerosol deposit on the regolith and some may enter the crystal structure of the illite. The deposited Mg can overprint the granitic Mg, and the δ26Mg value of shallow regolith samples will reflect mixing between granitic and atmospheric sources. The compilation of our and previously published Mg isotopic data reveals the potential control of climate on Mg isotope fractionation during continental weathering.
Reemplazo y fragmentación de pastizales pampeanos semiáridos en San Luis, Argentina

Semiarid pampa grassland replacement and fragmentation in San Luis, Argentina: Understanding rates of natural grassland transformation and fragmentation and their relation with soil and climatic characteristics is relevant for identifying potential conservation sites, for sustainable management and for land-use planning. In this study, five Landsat images (1985, 1992, 1997, 1999, 2001), covering 4129.9 km 2 , were used to quantify the amount of natural grassland areas replaced by exotic pastures or crops, and to analyze the pattern and rate of change of these grasslands in a 16-year period. Grassland transformation rates were measured using a mixed classification and post-change detection method. A fuzzy classification was used to analyze changes in proportions of bare soil. Auxiliary data (an agronomic aptitude map, an ecological condition map and paddock subdivisions) were related with the classified images to analyze ecological patterns. Image classification showed that between 1985 and 2001, natural grassland cover was reduced from 84.5 to 37.8% and that the annual transformation rate increased significantly from 1.4 to 10.9%.
Extracellular vesicles in hematological malignancies: EV-dence for reshaping the tumoral microenvironment

Following their discovery at the end of the 20th century, extracellular vesicles (EVs) ranging from 50-1,000 nm have proven to be paramount in the progression of many cancers, including hematological malignancies. EVs are a heterogeneous group of cell-derived membranous structures that include small EVs (commonly called exosomes) and large EVs (microparticles). They have been demonstrated to participate in multiple physiological and pathological processes by allowing exchange of biological material (including among others proteins, DNA and RNA) between cells. They are therefore a crucial way of intercellular communication. In this context, malignant cells can release these extracellular vesicles that can influence their microenvironment, induce the formation of a tumorigenic niche, and prepare and establish distant niches facilitating metastasis by significantly impacting the phenotypes of surrounding cells and turning them toward supportive roles. In addition, EVs are also able to manipulate the immune response and to establish an immunosuppressive microenvironment. This in turn allows for ideal conditions for heightened chemoresistance and increased disease burden. Here, we review the latest findings and reports studying the effects and therapeutic potential of extracellular vesicles in various hematological malignancies. The study of extracellular vesicles remains in its infancy; however, rapid advances in the analysis of these vesicles in the context of disease allow us to envision prospects to improve the detection and treatment of hematological malignancies.
Monitoring the Spread of Grapevine Viruses in Vineyards of Contrasting Agronomic Practices: A Metagenomic Investigation

Simple Summary Grapevine red blotch virus (GRBV) and grapevine Pinot gris virus (GPGV) are two of the most concerning grapevine viruses in Canada. Currently, the secondary spreading of these viruses (spreading via an insect vector) in Canada is poorly documented. To monitor the spreading of these viruses, we deployed virus-free grapevines onto two virus-infected vineyards with different agronomic practices. One vineyard was organic while the other was conventional. Using two independent diagnostic tools, namely the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and the high-throughput sequencing technique (HTS), we have found that GPGV is spreading in both vineyards. The spread of GPGV was noticeably faster in the organic vineyard than in the conventional one, possibly due to a higher insect population. There was no evidence of the spreading of GRBV. A small collection of plant species in and around the vineyard was also tested by the two methods above. None of the non-grape species harbored any grapevine viruses but a large portion of the wild grape found on the edge of the vineyard carried GPGV. This study is the first direct proof of insect-mediated spreading of GPGV in North America. Abstract This study investigated the transmission of grapevine viruses, specifically grapevine red blotch virus (GRBV) and grapevine Pinot gris virus (GPGV), in vineyards in Niagara Region, Ontario, Canada. Forty sentinel vines that were confirmed free of GRBV and GPGV by both high-throughput sequencing (HTS) and endpoint polymerase chain reaction (PCR) were introduced to two vineyards (one organic and one conventional) that were heavily infected with both GRBV and GPGV. Four months post-introduction, the sentinel vines were relocated to a phytotron. The HTS results from 15 months post-introduction revealed a widespread infection of GPGV among the sentinel vines but did not detect any GRBV. The GPGV infection rate of sentinel vines in the organic vineyard (13/18) was higher than in the conventional vineyard (1/19). The possibility of an alternative viral reservoir was assessed by testing the most abundant plants in between rows (Medicago sativa, Trifolium repens, Cirsium arvense and Taraxacum officinale), perennial plants in border areas (Fraxinus americana, Ulmus americana, Rhamnus cathartica) and wild grape (unknown Vitis sp.). The HTS result showed that cover crops and perennial plants did not harbor any grapevine viruses, while 4/5 wild grapes tested positive for GPGV but not GRBV. A pairwise sequence identity analysis revealed high similarities between the GPGV isolates found in the established vines on the vineyard and the newly contracted GPGV isolates in the sentinel vines, implicating a recent transmission event. This work provides novel insights into the spread of grapevine viruses in Niagara Region and is also the first direct proof of the spread of GPGV in natural vineyard conditions in North America.
AN OVERVIEW ON PSYCHOLOGICAL COUNSELING SERVICES IN HIGHER EDUCATION

The concepts of psychological counseling a part of modern education. Psychological counseling have an important place in our education system at every level. Psychological counseling, which has a history of nearly 70 years in Turkey, has made great strides in recent years. The university process, which is an important step for adulthood, is also a process in which many changes are experienced in student life. In primary, secondary and high school terms, more teacher effective system where responsibilities are left to the student, achieving academic success, ensuring personal development and even it leaves more order to take new decisions that will change its life. In 21st century the alterations, in the world and in Turkey have raised the need of psychological counseling. In schools of study, students can get new things from a new perspective by telling trustworthy person about their problems. Here it is important to define the problem and to include psychological counseling in the solution process. The data is obtained by searching the literature.
S OCIAL C OGNITION , M INDREADING AND N ARRATIVES . A C OGNITIVE S EMIOTICS P ERSPECTIVE ON N ARRATIVE P RACTICES FROM E ARLY M INDREADING TO A UTISM S PECTRUM D ISORDERS

The basic challenge for the strong version of the narrative competency hypothesis is: why and how should narrative competency be, in Gallagher’s (2007: 354) terms, “the basis for our use of folk psychological concepts like beliefs, desires, reasons”? In particular, how could it be the basis of human children’s ability to represent others’ false beliefs ? What could it be about the memorable chronological sequence of events (encoded in a narrative) that could anchor the basic (and arguably unique) human ability to represent another’s false belief? Given what it takes to understand and frame a narrative, the idea of grounding a human child’s ability to understand and represent another’s false belief into her narrative competency would only make sense for children who have been shown to successfully pass the standard false belief task at around age 4. (Jacob 2011: 535)
Infectious Endophthalmitis: Ongoing Challenges and New Prospectives

Endophthalmitis is a rare but potentially sight and organ-threatening ocular emergency characterized by marked intraocular inflammation. It can be categorized into two broad categories of exogenous and endogenous types. Exogenous endophthalmitis is caused by inoculation of the globe by either bacterial or fungal microorganisms from an external environment and most commonly occurs as a complication of intraocular surgeries or procedures and open globe injuries. Blurred vision and pain are the main symptoms, and gram-positive coagulase-negative organisms are the main etiology of exogenous endophthalmitis. Endogenous endophthalmitis is caused by the hematogenous spread of microorganisms from distant sites of the body into the globe. Both categories lead to subsequent intraocular inflammation and potentially severe visual and anatomical devastating consequences. In addition, they have different risk factors and causative microorganisms, and thus, require somehow different diagnostic and treatment approaches. In this review chapter, further review of infectious endophthalmitis in terms of risk factors, causative pathogens, clinical presentations, prognosis, prevention, and the latest therapeutic recommendations are discussed.
Very low frequency earthquakes off the Pacific coast of Tohoku, Japan

We found very low frequency earthquakes (VLFEs) at a shallow subduction zone close to the Japan Trench off the Pacific coast of Tohoku, Japan. Centroid moment tensor solutions of VLFEs showed reverse fault mechanisms with a compression axis in the east‐west direction. A cross‐correlation analysis of seismograms with template events between 2005 and 2013 revealed three major VLFE clusters and their temporal evolution. A VLFE cluster in the central off‐Tohoku region located in the large slip area of the 2011 Tohoku earthquake was detectable only before the Tohoku earthquake. However, VLFEs in the northern and southern off‐Tohoku regions at the rim of the large slip area were activated after the Tohoku earthquake. The change in the activity may reflect the stress redistribution by the coseismic and/or afterslip processes of the Tohoku earthquake.
Assessing uncertainty in estimates of atmospheric temperature changes from MSU and AMSU using a Monte‐Carlo estimation technique

[1] Measurements made by the Microwave Sounding Unit (MSU) and the Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit (AMSU) provide a multidecadal record of global atmospheric temperature change, which have been used by several groups to produce long-term temperature records of thick layers of the atmosphere from the lower troposphere to the lower stratosphere. Here we present an internal uncertainty estimate for the Remote Sensing Systems data sets made using a Monte Carlo approach that includes contributions to the total uncertainty from sampling error, premerge adjustments to each individual satellite, and the merging procedure. The results can be used to estimate uncertainties in this product at all space and time scales of interest to any specific application. On small space and time scales sampling effects dominate. On the longer time scales intersatellite merging is important at all levels and the diurnal adjustment is a critical uncertainty for the two layers that have a significant surface component, particularly over land. A comparison of trends for the globe, tropics, and extratropics between the best estimate data set along with these error estimates and homogenized radiosonde estimates and available MSU/AMSU estimates from other groups is undertaken. This shows consistency between our product and those produced by others within the stated uncertainty for many regions and layers. In almost as many cases, however, the interdata set differences of the estimated trends are too large be accounted for by the internal uncertainty estimates derived herein.
A space‐time Neyman‐Scott model of rainfall: Empirical analysis of extremes

A spatial‐temporal model of rainfall, based on a Neyman‐Scott stochastic point process, is fitted to hourly data taken from nine sites in the Arno Basin, Italy. The stochastic model is an extension of the temporal Neyman‐Scott rectangular pulses model into two‐dimensional space and introduces a further parameter into the model. In the model, storms arrive in a Poisson process, where each storm consists of discs representing rain cells, with centers distributed over an area according to a spatial Poisson process. The cells have a random radius, lifetime, and intensity, with the intensity remaining constant over the area of the disc and cell lifetime. A fitting procedure is proposed which couples the results obtained in two preceding papers: the second‐order properties of the spatial‐temporal model and the third moment function of the single site model [ Cowpertwait, 1995 , 1998 ]. The model is validated by comparing extreme historical hourly data and equivalent data simulated using the fitted spatial‐temporal model. These comparisons are made using a regional frequency analysis, based on L moments, and log‐log plots of the upper distribution tail. The results indicate that the model is able to preserve regional extremes and support the use of the model in hydrological applications.
A Simple Model for Stratified Shelf Flow Fields with Bottom Friction

Abstract The effect of bottom friction on the subinertial frequency motion of stratified shelf flow fields is studied in a two-layer f-plane model with idealized shelf and slope bottom topography. Coastal-trapped fire waves and motion forced by the alongshore component of the wind stress at the coast are considered. Vertical turbulent-diffusion effects are assumed to be present in thin surface and bottom-boundary layers, but not at the density interface. Simplifications are achieved by assuming that typical alongshore scales are larger than the offshore scales given by the internal Rossby radius of deformation δ–R and the shelf-slope width, that the upper-layer depth is small compared with the lower-layer depth, and that the topography of the continental margin may be represented by a linear bottom slope of small magnitude. Some results are not dependent on the presence of variable bottom topography; these are obtained first with a flat-bottom ocean adjacent to a vertical coast. A characteristic feature o.
Assessment of crop damage using space remote sensing and GIS

This paper reports on a new Earth Observation (EO) research field concerning the potential use of space remote sensing for the assessment of crop damage at the field level. Digital field (cadastral) maps were used in order to overcome the problem of poor field boundary distinction (due to the current spatial resolution, small field size, a hilly landscape and the homogeneity of the area cover) and to estimate damage at field level. The relationship between crop damage estimations made by field observations and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) data was studied. By transforming the cadastral (field) map into a GRID format containing cells of one metre square (ArcView, Spatial Analyst), it was possible to determine the number of cells overlaying pixels or part of pixels only within the field area and the corresponding mean NDVI value. Various techniques, including Supervised Classification and Regression Models, were applied in order to study the correlation between NDVI values and those estimated by Hellenic Organization of Agricultural Insurance (HOAI) experts. The results appear to be very promising and the HOAI has decided to continue the research using the next generation high-resolution satellites.
Rock moisture measurements: techniques, results, and implications for weathering

Rock moisture is an important factor for the intensity and distribution of frost weathering processes. However, quantitative measurements are scarce, which is partly due to the lack of reliable measurement techniques. This paper presents five different techniques for obtaining rock moisture data. While collecting rock pieces and two‐dimensional geoelectric measurements allow determination of the spatial moisture distribution, the temporal variability can be derived from conductivity and time domain reflectometry records. Computer simulations, using rock properties and climatic records as input data, render it possible to clarify the important aspects that are responsible for the moisture distribution. It proved to be advisable to use several methods to check and validate the results.
Boulder movement at high northern latitudes of Mars

[1] We examine a narrow latitudinal band (60°N–70°N) on Mars to place constraints on the seasonally averaged velocity Q of boulder movements over patterned ground. These latitudes comprise a region of the northern lowlands where patterned ground covers nearly every surface. Here boulders meters in diameter are consistently found to be concentrated at or near the cracks that define the polygonal networks, indicating a mobilization process. Because impact craters are the source for many boulders, we can use craters and their degradation to estimate the time scales for boulder movement. We study and catalog 1018 degraded impact craters (100 m < D < 1 km) in 55 High Resolution Imaging Science Experiment (HiRISE) images. We find that crater degradation occurs on a time scale <∼1 Ma, which is too recent for melting-related mechanisms in a past, warmer epoch. Clustering of boulders occurs at a time scale of a few Ma or shorter, which means that boulders on 5–20 m diameter polygons move at seasonal velocities Q ∼1–10 μm/yr or faster.
High-Frequency Suspended Sediment Flux Measurements in a Small Estuary

In small estuaries, the predictions of scalar dispersion can rarely be predicted accurately because of a lack of fundamental understanding of the turbulence structure. Herein detailed turbulence measurements and suspended sediment concentrations were conducted simultaneously and continuously at high-frequency for 50 hours per investigation in a small subtropical estuary with semi-diurnal tides. The data analyses provided an unique characterisation of the turbulent mixing processes and suspended sediment fluxes. The turbulence was neither homogeneous nor isotropic, and it was not a Gaussian process. The integral time scales for turbulence and suspended sediment concentration were about equal during flood tides, but differed significantly during ebb tides. The field experiences showed that the turbulence measurements must be conducted at high-frequency to characterise the small eddies and the viscous dissipation process, while a continuous sampling was necessary to characterise the time-variations of the instantaneous velocity field, Reynolds stress tensor and suspended sediment flux during the tidal cycles.