Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Liver Pre-Metastatic Niche in Pancreatic Cancer: A Potential Opportunity for Intervention

Simple Summary Patients with pancreatic cancer have a very poor chance of long-term survival. This is usually due to advanced disease at the time of diagnosis, which commonly includes occult or clinically obvious liver metastases. Emerging evidence suggests that organs that develop metastases exhibit microscopic changes that favor metastatic growth, collectively known as “pre-metastatic niches”. Such pre-metastatic niches result from various signals originating from the primary pancreatic tumor that reprogram immune and other cells in the liver and other organs, thus enabling the growth of cancer cells once they spread. In this review, we summarize the latest discoveries regarding the liver pre-metastatic niche in pancreatic cancer. We are optimistic that intensified future research will help to reveal powerful diagnostic markers and targetable therapeutic pathways, which will ultimately benefit patients. Abstract Cancer-related mortality is primarily a consequence of metastatic dissemination and associated complications. Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the most lethal malignancies and tends to metastasize early, especially in the liver. Emerging evidence suggests that organs that develop metastases exhibit microscopic changes that favor metastatic growth, collectively known as “pre-metastatic niches”. By definition, a pre-metastatic niche is chronologically established before overt metastatic outgrowth, and its generation involves the release of tumor-derived secreted factors that modulate cells intrinsic to the recipient organ, as well as recruitment of additional cells from tertiary sites, such as bone marrow—all orchestrated by the primary tumor. The pre-metastatic niche is characterized by tumor-promoting inflammation with tumor-supportive and immune-suppressive features, remodeling of the extracellular matrix, angiogenic modulation and metabolic alterations that support growth of disseminated tumor cells. In this paper, we review the current state of knowledge of the hepatic pre-metastatic niche in PDAC and attempt to create a framework to guide future diagnostic and therapeutic studies.
Identification of coronaviruses in farmed wild animals reveals their evolutionary origins in Guangdong, southern China

Abstract Coronavirus infections cause diseases that range from mild to severe in mammals and birds. In this study, we detected coronavirus infections in 748 farmed wild animals of 23 species in Guangdong, southern China, by RT-PCR and metagenomic analysis. We identified four coronaviruses in these wild animals and analysed their evolutionary origins. Coronaviruses detected in Rhizomys sinensis were genetically grouped into canine and rodent coronaviruses, which were likely recombinants of canine and rodent coronaviruses. The coronavirus found in Phasianus colchicus was a recombinant pheasant coronavirus of turkey coronavirus and infectious bronchitis virus. The coronavirus in Paguma larvata had a high nucleotide identity (94.6–98.5 per cent) with a coronavirus of bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncates). These findings suggested that the wildlife coronaviruses may have experienced homologous recombination and/or crossed the species barrier, likely resulting in the emergence of new coronaviruses. It is necessary to reduce human–animal interactions by prohibiting the eating and raising of wild animals, which may contribute to preventing the emergence of the next coronavirus pandemic.
Comparison of axial length measurements in silicone oil–filled eyes using SS-OCT and partial coherence interferometry

The OA2000 is the preferred biometer for axial length measurement in silicone oil–filled eyes. The IOLMaster 500 and IOLMaster 700 overestimate the axial length, and the measurement errors increase with longer axial length. Purpose: To compare axial length (AL) measurements in silicone oil (SO)-filled eyes using swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT) (the IOLMaster 700 and OA2000) and partial coherence interferometry (the IOLMaster 500). Setting: Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Guangzhou, China. Design: Cross-sectional study. Methods: We enrolled phakic patients who underwent SO removal surgery. The AL measurements by the IOLMaster 500, IOLMaster 700, and OA2000, both before and after SO removal, were compared. Multiple regression analysis was performed to identify risk factors for the differences between preoperative and postoperative AL measurements. Results: 68 patients (68 eyes) with a mean age of 46.43 ± 13.24 years were included. No statistically significant difference was observed in the preoperative AL measurements between the IOLMaster 500 and IOLMaster 700 (25.48 ± 2.51 mm vs 25.49 ± 2.46 mm; P = .63), whereas the OA2000 yielded shorter AL (25.34 ± 2.36 mm) (both P < .001). After SO removal, the AL measurements showed no statistically significant differences among the 3 devices. In reference to the postoperative AL, the IOLMaster 500 and IOLMaster 700 tended to overestimate the AL in SO-filled eyes (both P < .001), and this measurement error increased with longer AL (β = 0.08 and 0.05, respectively; both P < .001). No statistically significant difference was observed between preoperative and postoperative AL measurements by the OA2000 (P = .18). Conclusions: The OA2000 is the preferred biometer for AL measurement in SO-filled eyes, whereas the IOLMaster 500 and IOLMaster 700 overestimate the AL especially for long eyes, which needs adjustment in clinical use.
The Relationship Between Trading Volume and Market Returns: A VAR/Granger Causality Testing Approach in the Context of Saudi Arabia

This paper investigates the relationship between trading volume and market returns in the Saudi stock market. Daily data of number of shares traded and TASI returns from 2010 till mid-2021 are used for the same. The Granger causality test reveals a unidirectional relationship from returns to volume. This is supported by the findings of the VAR test and the Impulse Response Function (IRF) test. Trading volume does not carry informational content and cannot predict prices. Returns do impact volume, but the effect is not steady. The results do not provide support for the Sequential Information Arrival Hypothesis (SIAH). The asymmetric information model and the difference of opinion model can provide an explanation for the obtained results.
Ultrawideband, Low-Profile, and Low-RCS Conformal Phased Array With Capacitance-Integrated Balun and Multifunctional Meta-Surface

In this article, a 2–18 GHz phased array antenna with low-profile, low radar cross section, (RCS) and cylindrically conformal shape is presented. To achieve 9:1 impedance bandwidth with extra-low profile, the distributed capacitance structure is added into the feeding balun instead of the traditional shorting strips for the resonance suppression. This structure can avoid introducing the parasitic loop-mode, the elimination of which generally increases the antenna profile based on existing methods. Furthermore, to improve the impedance matching without prominently increasing the antenna profile, a triply-layer folded meta-surface (MS) is designed and enables the wide-scanning capacity for the proposed antenna. In addition, by etching the orthogonally polarized slots on the folded MS, the 0°/180° reflection phase for the orthogonal-polarized incident wave can be achieved. The etched slots are tightly and periodically located to improve the bandwidth of 0°/180° reflection phase and maintain the impedance matching. When an incident wave with the orthogonal polarization arrives at the array, an ultrawideband RCS reduction can be achieved and the radiating performance is maintained, owning to the multifunctional MS without lossy loads. A $19\times19$ prototype array is fabricated and measured to validate the correctness of this design. Finally, the proposed array antenna achieves the working band of 2–18 GHz and low profile together with the wide-scanning and low-RCS performance.
Emotional Intelligence as a Predictor of Motivation, Anxiety and Leadership in Athletes

Nowadays, emotional intelligence is not only understood as the recognition of our own emotions but also the regulation of these emotions. In the field of sports, the concept of sports leadership is increasingly relevant, understood as a behavioral and cognitive process closely related to sports success, based on interpersonal relationships, trust, respect and the feeling of coherence. In this study, we intend to analyze the relationship between sports success and emotional intelligence to verify their relationship and the influence of other variables such as sports anxiety. As a sample, we took a total of 165 active sportsmen and women studying for both undergraduate and master’s degrees related to the sciences of physical activity and sport. The expected results aim to demonstrate the relationship between emotional intelligence, sports leadership and sports anxiety.
4-Aminoquinoline-Based Adamantanes as Potential Anticholinesterase Agents in Symptomatic Treatment of Alzheimer’s Disease

Considering that acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibition is the most important mode of action expected of a potential drug used for the treatment of symptoms of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), our previous pilot study of 4-aminoquinolines as potential human cholinesterase inhibitors was extended to twenty-two new structurally distinct 4-aminoquinolines bearing an adamantane moiety. Inhibition studies revealed that all of the compounds were very potent inhibitors of AChE and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), with inhibition constants (Ki) ranging between 0.075 and 25 µM. The tested compounds exhibited a modest selectivity between the two cholinesterases; the most selective for BChE was compound 14, which displayed a 10 times higher preference, while compound 19 was a 5.8 times more potent inhibitor of AChE. Most of the compounds were estimated to be able to cross the blood–brain barrier (BBB) by passive transport. Evaluation of druglikeness singled out fourteen compounds with possible oral route of administration. The tested compounds displayed modest but generally higher antioxidant activity than the structurally similar AD drug tacrine. Compound 19 showed the highest reducing power, comparable to those of standard antioxidants. Considering their simple structure, high inhibition of AChE and BChE, and ability to cross the BBB, 4-aminoquinoline-based adamantanes show promise as structural scaffolds for further design of novel central nervous system drugs. Among them, two compounds stand out: compound 5 as the most potent inhibitor of both cholinesterases with a Ki constant in low nano molar range and the potential to cross the BBB, and compound 8, which met all our requirements, including high cholinesterase inhibition, good oral bioavailability, and antioxidative effect. The QSAR model revealed that AChE and BChE inhibition was mainly influenced by the ring and topological descriptors MCD, Nnum, RP, and RSIpw3, which defined the shape, conformational flexibility, and surface properties of the molecules.
Divergent Analyses of Genetic Relatedness and Evidence-Based Assessment of Therapeutics of Staphylococcus aureus from Semi-intensive Dairy Systems

Use of antibiotics without following standard guidelines is routine practice in developing countries which is giving rise to genetic divergence and increased drug resistance. The current study analyzed genetic divergence and drug resistance by S. aureus and therapeutic efficacy of novel antibiotic combinations. The study revealed that 42.30% (minimum 20%-maximum 70%) of milk samples are positive for S. aureus. Study also revealed seven SNPs in the S. aureus nuc gene (c.53A>G, c.61A>G, c.73T>C, c.93C>A, c.217C>T, c.280T>C, and c.331T>A). Local isolates Staph-2 and Staph-3 were closely related to Bos taurus nuc gene (bovine S. aureus), while Staph-1 was closely related to Homo sapiens (human S. aureus) indicating shifting of host. Change of two amino acids and staphylococcal nuclease conserved domain was observed in all local isolates of S. aureus. The isoelectric points predicted by protParam of Staph-1, Staph-2, and Staph-3 proteins were 9.30, 9.20, and 9.20, respectively. The antibiotic susceptibility profile of S. aureus presented highest resistance against penicillin (46.67%) and glycopeptide (43.33%). When a single antibiotic regimen was adopted in a field trial, the highest efficacy was reported in the case of oxytetracycline (80%) while lowest was presented by azithromycin. Among antibiotics' combined regimen, the highest efficacy (80%) was presented by gentamicin with oxytetracycline: cefotaxime with vancomycin; and ciprofloxacin with vancomycin. The current study concluded rising percentages of S. aureus from dairy milk, proofs of genetic host shifts, and altered responses of in on field therapeutics.
Development and Analysis of an Elasto-flexible Morphing Wing

This work presents the investigation of a biologically inspired morphing wing consisting of an articulated frame structure and an elasto-flexible membrane cover. This design allows large changes in planform and airfoil shape, which can be used to adapt the aerodynamic characteristics to varying flight conditions. Results from wind tunnel tests and numerical simulations show the aerodynamic characteristics of the wing as a function of the planform configuration as well as the influence of the passive membrane deformation due to its aero-elastic behavior.
Evaluation of Odd–Even Day Traffic Restriction Experiments in Delhi, India

During periods from January 1 to January 15 and April 15 to April 30, 2016, the Government of the National Capital Territory of Delhi, India, implemented an odd–even vehicle rule. Under this rule, between 08:00 and 20:00, only cars with even-numbered plates were allowed to operate on even-numbered dates of the calendar and only cars with odd-numbered plates on odd-numbered dates. In light of the varying experiences of vehicle restriction practices from around the world, this study evaluated the effects of both phases of the odd–even policy on transport patterns and vehicle use in Delhi. Observational surveys were carried out at four locations in Delhi to observe traffic flow and vehicle occupancy data. Speed data were extracted for 38 origin–destination pairs during the January phase and for 66 pairs for the April phase, with a sample of roads from all over Delhi and with Google Maps API (application programming interface) software. During the experimental periods, car flow rates on roads were reduced by less than 20%, but rates increased for motorized two-wheelers, buses, and autorickshaws. There was an insignificant rise in car occupancy rates: most car owners did not opt for carsharing. No improvements in levels of particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter < 2.5 µm (PM2.5) were detected. These experiments show that the odd–even rule was not effective in reducing measureable PM2.5 pollution in Delhi.
Preparation, Characterization, and In Vitro Release of Curcumin-Loaded IRMOF-10 Nanoparticles and Investigation of Their Pro-Apoptotic Effects on Human Hepatoma HepG2 Cells

Curcumin (CUR) has a bright future in the treatment of cancer as a natural active ingredient with great potential. However, curcumin has a low solubility, which limits its clinical application. In this study, IRMOF-10 was created by the direct addition of triethylamine, CUR was loaded into IRMOF-10 using the solvent adsorption method, and the two were characterized using a scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), dynamic light scattering (DLS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis (TG) methods, and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) analysis. We also used the MTT method, 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) staining, the annexin V/PI method, cellular uptake, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) to perform a safety analysis and anticancer activity study of IRMOF-10 and CUR@IRMOF-10 on HepG2 cells. Our results showed that CUR@IRMOF-10 had a CUR load of 63.96%, with an obvious slow-release phenomenon. The CUR levels released under different conditions at 60 h were 33.58% (pH 7.4) and 31.86% (pH 5.5). Cell experiments proved that IRMOF-10 was biologically safe and could promote curcumin entering the nucleus, causing a series of reactions, such as an increase in reactive oxygen species and a decrease in the mitochondrial membrane potential, thereby leading to cell apoptosis. In summary, IRMOF-10 is an excellent drug carrier and CUR@IRMOF-10 is an effective anti-liver cancer sustained-release preparation.
CHARACTERISTICS STUDY OF LIQUID FUEL FROM PYROLYSIS OF POLYETHYLENE PLASTIC WASTE

Polyethylene plastic waste was selected as pyrolysis feedstock. This plastic waste is not recycled mechanically and is abundantly available at the landfill. The plastic-type of low and high-density polyethylene (LDPE and HDPE) was converted into pyrolysis liquid fuel (PLF). This study aims to characterize the physicochemical properties of the PLF to attest to its potential use as a kerosene fuel for household purposes. The PLF was generated from the collecting of household plastic waste through pyrolysis. A design of the simple non-catalytic semi-batch reactor was applied to pyrolyze this plastics waste into PLF at about 360 °C and isothermal residence time up to about 1 hour. The high enough PLF yield of 50.3% (v/w) and 77.0% (v/w) was obtained from LDPE and HDPE plastics waste, respectively. The dominance of alkane (CH) and alkenes (C=C) functional groups of PLF and commercial kerosene fuel was analyzed by the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) spectra. Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometer (GC-MS) analysis indicates that most PLF substances in the form of tetradecane (C14H30), pentadecane (C15H32), hexadecane (C16H34), octadecene (C18H36), eicosane (C20H42) are similar to commercial kerosene substances. The combustion properties of this PLF are so similar to the standard values of the kerosene fuel. The combination of thermal efficiency, ηT using wick stove and PLF from LDPE and HDPE of 45.66% and 32.37%, respectively was obtained in this work.
Spectroscopic and Petrographic Investigations of Lunar Mg-Suite Meteorite Northwest Africa 8687

Magnesian suite (Mg-suite) rocks represent plutonic materials from the lunar crust, and their global distribution can provide critical information for the early magmatic differentiation and crustal asymmetries of the Moon. Visible and near-infrared (VNIR) spectrometers mounted on orbiters and rovers have been proven to be powerful approaches for planetary mineral mapping, which are instrumental in diagnosing Mg-suite rocks. However, due to the scarcity and diversity of Mg-suite samples, laboratory measurements with variable proportions of minerals are imperative for spectral characterization. In this study, spectroscopic investigation and petrographic study were conducted on lunar Mg-suite meteorite Northwest Africa 8687. We classify the sample as a pink spinel-bearing anorthositic norite through spectral and petrographic characteristics. The ground-truth information of the Mg-suite rock is provided for future exploration. Meanwhile, the results imply that the VNIR technique has the potential to identify highland rock types by mineral modal abundance and could further be applied in extraterrestrial samples for primary examination due to its advantage of being fast and non-destructive.
PUFA Changes in White Adipose Tissue during Hibernation in Common Hamsters

Hibernators save energy during winter by expressing torpor bouts characterized by strongly reduced body temperature and metabolic rate. Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), specifically n-6 PUFAs, are known to positively affect hibernation performance and thereby energy savings predominantly in fat-storing hibernators. Accordingly, hibernators usually retain PUFAs and mobilize monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) or saturated fatty acids (SFAs) during hibernation. In food-storing common hamsters (Cricetus cricetus), however, we previously found that PUFA proportions in white adipose tissue (WAT) decreased during winter, indicating that individuals did mobilize PUFAs. To further investigate these patterns, we analyzed PUFA changes in WAT during hibernation as well as hibernation performance in free-ranging and captive common hamsters with lower prehibernation PUFA proportions compared to those in the previous study. Under controlled conditions, total PUFAs, n-6 PUFAs, and SFAs increased while n-3 PUFAs and MUFAs decreased during hibernation. Higher prehibernation n-6 PUFA proportions resulted in fewer torpor bouts and less time spent in torpor. In free-ranging hamsters, n-6 PUFAs increased while n-3 PUFAs and SFAs decreased during winter. Prehibernation n-6 PUFA proportions, however, did not affect hibernation performance. In summary, these results indicate that the mobilization or retention of n-6 PUFAs during hibernation could depend on their availability in WAT or in the diet before the onset of the hibernation period.
Ramifications of crop residue loading for soil microbial community composition, activity and nutrient supply

Variable results have been reported on the effects of crop residue loads on soil microbial properties. We investigated changes in soil bacterial composition, β‐glucosidase enzyme activity and nutrient bioavailability in response to wheat residue loading. The treatments included three levels of above‐ground wheat residues (removed, retained or supplemented), with or without fertilizer N. Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes and Verrucomicrobia (the first two are copiotrophs) were less abundant where residues were removed than where residues were retained or supplemented, but the reverse was true for Actinobacteria, Cyanobacteria, Chloroflexi and Nitrospirae (all oligotrophs, although some Actinobacteria can be copiotrophic). Actinobacteria were also less abundant where fertilizer N was applied, and the abundances of their genera (including Arthrobacter and Mycobacterium) increased where residues were removed, confirming that they were oligotrophic in this study. β‐diversity showed similar differences in the bacterial community structures because of residue management, but α‐diversity was not affected by residue management or N fertilizer. β‐glucosidase enzyme activities increased as C inputs increased with residue manipulation and N fertilizer. The enzyme activities increased with increasing residue loading in the 0–15 cm soil depth, but decreased with soil depth. Soil K supply increased with increasing residue loading, but nitrate‐N supply was highest with residue retention. These results demonstrate remarkable resilience of soil microbial functioning under a wide range of crop residue inputs, without adverse effects on enzyme activity attributable to inorganic N fertilizer. The increasing β‐glucosidase activity with increasing residue loading probably explains why crop residue return does not always increase soil C stocks.
Comparison of Colposcopic Biopsy and Conization Results in Association with Overtreatment or Missed Diagnosis

Objective: To compare pathological results of colposcopic biopsy and cold knife conization in association with overtreatment and missed diagnosis perspective. Materials and Methods: The data of 72 patients who were referred to the gynecologic oncology clinic because of the presence of atypical cytology and/ or high-risk human papillomavirus and underwent colposcopic biopsy and cold knife conization were retrospectively analyzed. Cases with discordant results were examined, particularly in terms of overtreatment and missed diagnosis. Results: Efficacy of colposcopic biopsy was evaluated; the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive