Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Primary needle-knife fistulotomy for preventing post-endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography pancreatitis: Importance of the endoscopist’s expertise level

BACKGROUND Needle-knife fistulotomy (NKF) is used as a rescue technique for difficult cannulation. However, the data are limited regarding the use of NKF for primary biliary cannulation, especially when performed by beginners. AIM To assess the effectiveness and safety of primary NKF for biliary cannulation, and the role of the endoscopist’s expertise level (beginner vs expert). METHODS We retrospectively evaluated the records of 542 patients with naïve prominent bulging papilla and no history of pancreatitis, who underwent bile duct cannulation at a tertiary referral center. The patients were categorized according to the endoscopist’s expertise level and the technique used for bile duct cannulation. We assessed the rates of successful cannulation and adverse events. RESULTS The baseline characteristics did not differ between the experienced and less-experienced endoscopists. The incidence rate of post-endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) pancreatitis (PEP) was significantly affected by the endoscopist’s expertise level in patients who received conventional cannulation with sphincterotomy (8.9% vs 3.4% for beginner vs expert, P = 0.039), but not in those who received NKF. In the multivariable analysis, a lower expertise level of the biliary endoscopist (P = 0.037) and longer total procedure time (P = 0.026) were significant risk factor of PEP in patients who received conventional cannulation with sphincterotomy but only total procedure time (P = 0.004) was significant risk factor of PEP in those who received NKF. CONCLUSION Primary NKF was effective and safe in patients with prominent and bulging ampulla, even when performed by less-experienced endoscopist. We need to confirm which level of endoscopist’s experience is needed for primary NKF through prospective randomized study.
The cerebrospinal fluid changes and clinical characteristics of aseptic meningitis in Kawasaki disease

Background: Aseptic meningitis is not a common feature in Kawasaki disease (KD). However, it could cause difficulty in making correct and in-time diagnosis Methods: We retrospectively investigated patients of KD and bacterial meningitis (BM). Totally 38 KD patients and 126 BM patients were brought into this study. Clinical symptoms, signs and laboratory examinations were compared between the two groups, which included: duration of fever before lumbar puncture, conjunctiva injection, oral cavity change, rash, cervical lymphadenopathy and extremities change, vomiting, front fontanel bulging, neck stiffness, leukocytes, hemoglobin, platelets, C-reactive protein, cerebrospinal fluid examinations, liver function and urinalysis. Results: In clinical signs, vomit and neck stiffness were more prevalent in BM. KD patients showed higher blood leukocyte (p<0.001) and C-reactive protein (p<0.001) in the early febrile stage. Glucose in cerebrospinal fluid of BM patients was significantly lower than KD patients (p=0.003). In ROC curve, the optimal cutoff value of CSF glucose was 2.945mmol/L with the sensitivity of 84.2% and specificity of 71.4%. Pyuria was more prevalent in KD patients (p<0.001). There was no significant difference in front fontanel bulging, hemoglobin, platelet, alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase, albumin, cerebrospinal fluid leukocytes, cerebrospinal fluid protein and cerebrospinal fluid lactate dehydrogenase. Conclusions ： Full investigation of clinical manifestation and laboratory tests is necessary to distinguish KD with aseptic meningitis and BM. In CSF study, glucose level is more efficient than other items to distinguish these two diseases. Decreased CSF glucose is possibly an indicator of BM rather than KD.
Assessing Soil Water Repellency of a Sandy Field with Visible near Infrared Spectroscopy

Soil water repellency (WR) is a widespread phenomenon caused by aggregated organic matter (OM) and layers of hydrophobic organic substances coating the surface of soil particles. These substances have a very low surface free energy, reducing a soil's water attraction. There is focus on WR due to its effects on germination, root growth, liquid–vapour dynamics, surface erosion and leaching of chemicals through fingered flow paths. However, common techniques for measuring WR are time-consuming and expensive. Meanwhile, it is well established that visible near infrared (vis-NIR) spectroscopy is a reliable method for determining soil OM. Potentially it could therefore provide fast measurements of WR through autocorrelation with OM. The aim of this study was to test the feasibility of vis-NIR spectroscopy for estimating the WR of soils with a small gradient in soil organic carbon (SOC) and texture, and to evaluate the effect of soil pretreatment on the predictive ability of WR models. A total of 87 soil samples from an agricultural coarse sandy field in Denmark were analysed for SOC, particle size fractions, water content and WR. Soil samples were scanned with a vis-NIR sensor (350–2500 nm) after air- and oven-drying at 60°C and 105°C. WR, expressed as liquid surface tension (mN m−1), was determined using the molarity of ethanol droplet test. Partial least squares regression models of SOC, texture and water content showed no predictive ability (r2 values between 0.10 and 0.51). However, successful models (r2 = 0.85) were generated for WR. The majority of bands important in the vis-NIR region of WR models were related to different components of OM indicating that, across the investigated field, WR was related to specific hydrophobic components of soil OM rather than to the total amount of carbon. A lower prediction error of the WR model for soils dried at 105°C (1.93 mN m−1) than at 60°C (2.52 mN m−1) can be explained by a lower range of WR values for the soils dried at 105°C. Moreover, a higher temperature reduced the number of absorption bands related to OM, indicating a degradation of hydrocarbon groups and a more hydrophobic character of the soil.
Th22 Cells Promote in vitro Proliferation and Cytokine Secretion in HaCaT and HRMC cells via Production of IL-22 and Stimulation of PI3K/AKT Signaling

Background: T helper (Th) 22 cells function in the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), but their exact role remains unclear. We examined in vitro interactions of Th22 cells with different target cells.Methods: Flow cytometry was used to isolate Th22 cells from the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of 5 healthy subjects. The optimal co-culture ratio of effector:target (E:T) cells and the optimal co-culture concentration of recombinant interleukin (rIL) -22 were determined. The levels of IL-22, proliferation of target cells, and the levels proinflammatory cytokines in different culture systems with human keratinocyte cells (HaCaT) and human renal mesangial cells (HRMC) were determined. Western blotting was used to assess changes in the levels of proteins in the PI3K/AKT pathway.Results: The levels of IL-22 were greater when HaCaT and HRMC cells were co-cultured with Th22 cells or rIL-22, and co-culturing with contact had a greater effect than co-culturing without contact. The levels of cytokines were also significantly greater when target cells were co-cultured with Th22 cells. IL-22mAb reversed the effect of IL-22. Th22 cells significantly activated PI3K/AKT signaling in HaCaT and HRMC cells; LY294002 (an inhibitor of this pathway) reversed this effect and also downregulated the levels of proinflammatory cytokines; IL-22mAb had a similar but weaker effect. Conclusions: Our results suggest that Th22 cells promote cell proliferation and secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines of their target cells via IL-22-mediated stimulation of PI3K/AKT signaling.
Comparison of whole-body vibration training, strength training and health education on physical function and neuromuscular function of individuals with knee osteoarthritis: a randomized clinical trial

Background Knee osteoarthritis (KOA) is one of the leading causes of global disability which causes knee pain, stiﬀness, and swelling. Impaired neuromuscular function contributes to the development and/or progression of KOA. As a new modality to treat KOA, whole-body vibration (WBV) training is considered to improve pain and physical function effectively. However, limited numbers of studies were designed to investigate the effect of WBV on neuromuscular function in KOA.Methods 81 eligible participants with KOA were randomly allocated to WBV, strength training (ST) and health education (HE) groups. Each group of participants was encouraged to perform the WBV training, similar strength training and health education program, respectively. These supervised interventions were performed three times per week for 8 consecutive weeks. Neuromuscular function was measured with isokinetic muscle strength and proprioception. Physical function was assessed with Timed Up and Go (TUG) and 6-min Walk Distance tests. Results Physical function and neuromuscular function did not show significant difference between three groups (p > 0.05). However, post-hoc test showed that isokinetic knee muscle strength of WBV group (peak torque of extensor at 180°/s, peak torque of flexors at 180°/s, peak work of extensor at 180°/s, and peak work of flexor at 90°/s, all p < 0.05) increased significantly compared with HE group. Similarly, compared with ST group, muscle strength of WBV group (peak torque of extensor at 180°/s and peak work of extensor at 180°/s, p < 0.05) improved significantly. Conclusion The current study showed that the advantage of WBV training on muscle strength gain in patients with KOA compared with similar strength training without vibration and health education.Trial registration It was registered at Chinese Clinical Trial Registry a priori as a clinical trial (ID: ChiCTR-IOR-16009234). Registered 21 September 2016.
Antibiotic Stewardship Program Experience in a Training and Research Hospital

Objectives: Antibiotic Stewardship Programs (ASP) have been developed for the spread of rational antibiotic use. Our hospital is one of the first centers where ASP applications were launched in Turkey. In this study, we aimed to share our experience with ASP which has been applied in our hospital since 2013. Methods: We adapted ASP to our hospital program from Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s ASP checklist. Revisions on surgical prophylaxis guidelines and practices were performed. Surgical prophylaxis was evaluated from hospital infection surveillance and antibiotic usage by point prevalence surveys. Antibiotic consumption indexes (ACI) were calculated from hospital pharmacy records. Rapid antigen detection test (RADT) for Group A beta-hemolytic streptococcus and influenza rapid antigen test were started to be used. Cumulative antibiotic susceptibility results were prepared annually. Results: Surgical prophylaxis was started to be administered in the operating room within 60 min of incision. Third-generation cephalosporin usage for surgical prophylaxis could be restricted in all clinics but the duration could only be shortened in neurosurgery and general surgery. There was no statistically significant change in antibiotic usage rates and appropriateness between 2014 and 2018. ACI for the class J01 in adult wards was 80.5 daily defined doses (DDD) per 100 patient days in 2014 and reduced to 64.8 DDD per 100 patient days in 2018. 22.445 pediatric patients presenting with complaints of the upper respiratory tract were evaluated with RADT and 75.1% were treated without antibiotics. Conclusion: In this global antimicrobial resistance era, all hospitals should have motivated antimicrobial stewardship teams. Each hospital should establish its own stewardship program and often revise it. Improvement in rational antibiotic use is hard to achieve without multidisciplinary involvement.
Dynamics, diversity and experimental precision in final irrigated rice testing: a time meta-analysis

The objective of this study was to investigate diversity, experimental conditions and dynamics of the Irrigated Rice Breeding Program of Minas Gerais – Brazil, by meta-analysis. The target traits were grain yield, plant height and days to flowering. Evaluations were based on estimates of 376 genotypes grown at three locations, in two final comparative trials, in 14 growing seasons. Stability of the overall averages of the traits plant height and days to flowering was observed, indicating an adequate plant height and medium cycle. High average yields (>5,000 kg ha-1), good experimental accuracy and genetic variability were recorded. However, the genetic variability of all traits decreased over time, indicating the need to increase genotypic diversity. The parameter estimates of the morphoagronomic traits studied in time meta-analysis indicated the dynamic nature and good accuracy of the Irrigated Rice Breeding Program of Minas Gerais.
Adversarial Analysis for Source Camera Identification

Recent studies highlight the vulnerability of convolutional neural networks (CNNs) to adversarial attacks, which also calls into question the reliability of forensic methods. Existing adversarial attacks generate one-to-one noise, which means these methods have not learned the fingerprint information. Therefore, we introduce two powerful attacks, fingerprint copy-move attack, and joint feature-based auto-learning attack. To validate the performance of attack methods, we move a step ahead and introduce the higher possible defense mechanism relation mismatch. which expands the characterization differences of classifiers in the same classification network. Extensive experiments show that relation mismatch is superior in recognizing adversarial examples and prove that the proposed fingerprint-based attacks are more powerful. Both proposed attacks show excellent attack transferability to unknown samples. The Pytorch® implementations of these methods can download from an open-source GitHub project https://github.com/Dlut-lab-zmn/Source-attack.
Pengaruh Mekanisme Bonus, Tunneling Incentive, dan Debt Covenant Terhadap Transaksi Transfer Pricing

The Effect of Bonus Mechanisms, Tunneling Incentive and Debt Covenant on Transfer Pricing Transactions. (Empirical Study of Manufacturing Companies Listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2014-2018). This study aims to determine the effect of bonus mechanism, tunneling incentive and debt covenants on transfer pricing transactions in manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in the period of 2014-2018.The sample of this research is manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in the period 2014-2018. By using purposive sampling method which consists of 6 companies. The data used in the form of financial statements with multiple regression analysis methods are processed using SPSS 23. The results of the study that the bonus mechanism affected the transfer pricing transaction with a significant value of 0.002, tunneling incentive affected the transfer pricing transaction, with a significant value of 0.004 and the debt covennat had no effect on the transfer pricing transaction with a significant value of 0.153.
Application of Taguchi method for the design of cement mortars containing waste materials

Industries related to the acquiring of building materials may soon face a shortage of natural resources and an associated increase in costs of their acquisition. Therefore, it is necessary to look for possible ways to reduce the exploitation of natural resources and instead use recycled raw materials. Such policies fit into one of the most important trends in modern construction, which is sustainable development. In the conducted research, the Taguchi method was utilized in order to investigate the impact of modifying cement mortars with rubber and cork waste on the selected properties of the obtained composites. Thanks to the above method, we managed to obtain the desired information about mortars in a shorter time and at a lower cost than using traditional testing methods. Using the selection in planning method, we confirmed that rubber waste can be a good substitute for sand in mortars.
Cenobamate for the Treatment of Focal Seizures

Epilepsy is a common neurological disease. Anti-seizure medication (ASM) is the first-line treatment, beginning with monotherapy and, in uncontrolled epilepsy, progressing to combination therapy over time, with the goal of seizure freedom. Cenobamate is an oral ASM approved for the treatment of focal (partial-onset) seizures in adults. Two clinical studies (C013, C017) evaluated adjunctive cenobamate in uncontrolled focal epilepsy despite treatment with one to three ASMs. In C013, cenobamate 200 mg/day, and in C017, cenobamate 100, 200, and 400 mg/day reduced seizure frequency by 55.6%, 35.5%, 55.0%, and 55.0%, respectively. Up to 20% more cenobamate-treated (C013: 200 mg/day, C017: 400 mg/day) patients achieved zero seizures versus placebo during the maintenance phase of therapy. Three cases of drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms, including one fatality, were reported during clinical development with starting doses ≥50 mg/day and weekly up-titration. Safety data from C013, C017, and an open-label safety study (C021), demonstrated the most common adverse events associated with cenobamate were central nervous system-related. Given the efficacy and seizure-free rates, along with the side effect profile confirmed in C021 with a lower initial dose and slower up-titration every 2 weeks, cenobamate is a potentially important addition to currently available ASMs.
Super-replication on illiquid markets—semistatic approach

We investigate the pricing-hedging duality for path dependent European options under model uncertainty in discrete time. The super-replicating portfolio consists of a dynamically traded illiquid risky stock and a static position in vanilla options which can be exercised at maturity. We provide the minimal super-replication price as the supremum of penalized expectations of the payoﬀ over all probability measures which are consistent with observed market prices.
Idealization of j-approximation spaces

The current work concentrates on generating different topologies by using the concept of the ideal. These topologies are used to make more thorough studies on generalized rough set theory. The rough set theory was first proposed by Pawlak in 1982. Its core concept is upper and lower approximations. The principal goal of the rough set theory is reducing the vagueness of a concept to uncertainty areas at their borders by increasing the lower approximation and decreasing the upper approximation. For the mentioned goal, different methods based on ideals are proposed to achieve this aim. These methods are more accurate than the previous methods. Hence it is very interesting in rough set context for removing the vagueness (uncertainty).
Morphological Structure of South African Non-Descript Does Raised in Syferkuil Farm, Capricorn District of Limpopo Province Using Factor Analysis

| Goat is one of important livestock in Africa for meat and milk productions. This research was aimed to characterize the morphological structure in South African non-descript does (1-2 years of age). Two body parameters including body measurements (14 variables) and body indices (11 variables) were used in this study and taken from fifty (n = 50) does. The data of two body parameters were used to characterize the animal’s morphological structure. Factor analysis including Pearson’s correlations, Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and multiple regression analysis were used for evaluations. Results of Pearson’s correlation analysis of body measurements indicated that body weight had a positive and highly statistical association with body length (r = 0.84, P<0.01). While in body indices the body weight had a positive and highly statistical correlation with area index (r = 0.83, P<0.01). PCA results showed that two body parameters in this study were explained about 80% of total variance in animal’s morphological structure. Despite, three PC’s of body indices in does have very high correlation with body weight (R2 = 0.82). Meanwhile, four PC’s of body measurements in does have moderate correlation with body weight (R2 = 0.59). It can be concluded that six body measurements (bicostal diameter, ear length, head width, head length, heart girth, cannon circumference) and six body indices (length index, depth index, conformation index, proportionality, thoracic development, cannon thickness index) were classified into first component that explain about 30.06% in body measurements and 48.88% in body indices. The results revealed that the first component in the body indices can be used as the criteria for South African non-descript goat because it represents the animal’s morphological structure and body weight.
Cultural Policy as a Part of National Security of Ukraine Under Global Transformations

The article reveals the important role of culture as the basis of national security. The key components of cultural policy that form the basis of national security are identified, the main vectors of cultural policy that should be developed and implemented in the national security system are analyzed as a priority. The directions of improvement of cultural policy of Ukraine in the conditions of global transformations and challenges at this stage are offered. It is determined that the key indicators of the effectiveness of cultural policy and measures in the national security system should be the level of protection of citizens.
Computational investigation of light harvesting in purple photosynthetic bacteria

Purple photosynthetic bacteria achieve remarkably high light harvesting efficiency, thus reconciling multiple competing processes in the chromatophore. The first step in photosynthesis is the capture and transport of light energy in the form of short-lived electronic excitation called excitons. Rapid long-range exciton transport is key to the high light harvesting efficiency associated with purple bacteria. The light harvesting system of purple bacteria consists of light harvesting complex 2 (LH2), light harvesting complex 1 (LH1) and reaction center (RC) assembeled into a structure known as the chromatophore. The pigments embedded into the complexes in the chromatophore are placed close together and are tightly held by their surrounding proteins. Pigment excited states thus interact very strongly and are also strongly coupled to surrounding environmental fluctuation. Exciton dynamics in purple bacteria is thus described using the hierarchy equations of motion (HEOM) for open quantum systems, which does not rely on assumptions of relative interaction strengths and includes quantum coherence effects. An efficient implementation of the HEOM is developed and utilized to describe exciton dynamics in the light harvesting complexes of purple bacteria, and calculate excitation transfer between LH2-LH2, LH2-LH1 and LH1-RC pairs. It is shown that strong environmental coupling is reponsible for rapid exciton relaxation into equilibrium prior to intercomplex exciton transfer, thus allowing inter-complex transfer rates to be calculated with the much simpler generalized Förster theory. The effect of intra-complex correlated environmental fluctuations is also examined and found to substantially affect inter-complex exciton transfer. Strong coupling between pigments within a complex results in inter-pigment quantum coherence that significantly improves the rate of inter-complex exciton transfer, vital to efficient light harvesting in purple bacteria.