Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Error Analysis of Sundanese English Pronunciation on Fricatives Sound

Abstraks Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kesalahan-kesalahan umum yang biasanya ditemukan pada mahasiswa suku Sunda yang ada di jurusan Bahasa dan Sastra Inggris tahun ajaran 2013 dalam mengikuti matakuliah pronounciation, khususnya pada masalah bunyi mendesis. Adapun fokus penelitian ini ditujukan pada mahasiswa baru yang berlatarbelakang budaya Sunda dengan tujuan untuk mengetahui keakurasian pengucapan kata-kata yang mengandung unsur desisan/desahan. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif. Peneliti sebagai pengumpul data melakukan hal-hal sebagai berikut: melalui observasi langsung terhadap mahasiswa suku Sunda. Merekam atau mencatat cara pengucapan (pronounciation) dan menganalisis kesalahan-kesalahannya berdasrkan konsep Error Analisis dari beberapa sumber. Hasil penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa mahasiswa yang berasal dari Sunda pada umumnya bnyak melakukan kesalahan dalam pengucapan kata-kata yang mengandung desahan. Dengan demikian hasil penelitian ini diharapkan dapat memberikan koreksi dan masukan bagi para pelajar atau mahasiswa yang berasal dari Sunda. --- Abstract This study is aimed to find out the errors that commonly made by Sundanese student of English Letters Department in the year 2013 who already taken a pronunciation class, in pronouncing a fricative sounds. The reseacher focuses on freshman student who has Sundanese cultural background to know their accuracy in pronouncing some fricative’s words. The reseacher uses qualitative method on writing his thesis. He also analyzes the collected data through descriptive analysis technique in order to reach the objective of the research. The reseacher involves himself to collect data by observing the respondents, recording their pronunciation and analyzing the error on their pronunciation based on theories of error analysis which are taken from some relevant references. On the conclusion, the reseacher finds that Sundanese student of English Letters Department are made some error on their pronunciation. Error of omission and error of addition are found on the vowels and consonant sound except the fricatives sound. While error of selection, is occurred both on the fricatives sound and the rest of sound. The reseacher also finds that overgeneralization is one of the reasons why the Sundanese student made errors on their pronunciation.
The influence of the Determinants and Generation Type on Intention to Retire

This is a proactive study to assist the Malaysian Ministry of Education to understand better about factors that associated with the determinants of early retirement among government female secondary school teachers. This paper illustrates the determinants of intention to retire among government female secondary school teachers. These determinants were chosen based on the three faculty of human beings called physical, mental and spiritual. Health and Financial resources represent the physical and mental aspects respectively, while job satisfaction and work performance represent the spiritual aspect. In addition, it elaborates the influence of generation type on the relationship between the determinants and the intention to retire. Two hundred and ninety-two (292) samples were collected using structured questionnaire via convenience sampling technique and analysed with SPSS and PLS-SEM statistical tools. The results indicated that health, financial resource and work performance forms the determinants of intention to retire, while job satisfaction do not. Generation type moderates the relationship between the determinants and intention to retire. These findings provide a proxy of early retirement of the teacher from the job or leaves the job elsewhere for better prospect. This study can be the benchmark for the Malaysian Government-Ministry of Education to address the shortage of manpower at the secondary school level. In addition, the strategic insights and practical knowledge provided by this study can assist the Malaysian Government-Ministry of Education to formulate strategies to manage shortage of teacher at the secondary school and increase to labor force participation of women. Research paper Keywords: Intention to Retire; Health; Financial Resources; Job Satisfaction; Work Performance; Generation Type Reference to this paper should be made as follows: Wen Huey, K. , & Muthuveloo, R. (2019). The influence of the Determinants and Generation Type on Intention to Retire: A Study Among Government Female Secondary School Teachers. , Journal of Entrepreneurship, Business and Economics , 7 (2s), 7–41.
Long non-coding RNA MALAT1 regulates cholesterol accumulation in ox-LDL-induced macrophages via the microRNA-17-5p/ABCA1 axis

Atherosclerosis (AS), a major cause of cardiovascular disease, has developed into a serious challenge to the health system. The long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) metastasis associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 (MALAT1) is associated with the pathogenesis of AS. However, whether MALAT1 can affect cholesterol accumulation in macrophages during AS progression, and the potential molecular mechanism involved in this progression have not been elucidated. In the present study, the mRNA expression level of MALAT1 was measured using reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) and the protein expression level was detected via western blot analysis. Oil Red O staining was used for detecting lipid accumulation in macrophages. Bioinformatics, dual-luciferase reporter and RT-qPCR assays were used to investigate the relationship between MALAT1 and the microRNA (miR)-17-5p/ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) axis. The present results suggested that the MALAT1 expression level was significantly decreased in patients with AS and in oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL)-stimulated macrophages. Knockdown of MALAT1 increased ox-LDL uptake, lipid accumulation and the total cholesterol (T-CHO) level in ox-LDL-induced macrophages. In addition, MALAT1 inhibition significantly decreased the mRNA and protein expression levels of scavenger receptor (SR) class B member 1, apolipoprotein E (ApoE) and ABCA1. However, MALAT1 increased the expression level of SR class A. Subsequently, the present study investigated whether MALAT1 could target miR-17-5p to regulate the expression level of ABCA1, which is involved in cholesterol efflux from macrophages. The present results suggested that inhibition of miR-17-5p reversed the effects of MALAT1 knockdown on T-CHO content, and protein expression levels of ApoE and ABCA1 in ox-LDL-stimulated macrophages. In summary, knockdown of MALAT1 may promote cholesterol accumulation by regulating the miR-17-5p/ABCA1 axis in ox-LDL-induced THP-1 macrophages.
Home and school factors as determinants of achievements in reading comprehehension among senior secondary school students in Ogun State Nigeria

A dissertation submitted to the Dept. of Language Education and Social Studies, Faculty of Education, University of Botswana in partial fulfillment of the requirement of the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Language Education. Citation: Julius, A. T. (2014) Home and school factors as determinants of achievements in reading comprehension among senior secondary school students in Ogun State Nigeria, University of Botswana.
REIT industry liquidity, valuation, and ownership reactions to ETF inceptions

ABSTRACT We examine the impact of Real Estate Investment Trust (REIT) Exchange Traded Fund (ETF) inceptions on the valuation, ownership structure, and liquidity of the U.S. REIT market. We posit that the relative homogeneity and concentration of the REIT industry creates a strong interconnection among REITs, especially for events that involve a significant number of firms in the industry. Initial perusal of the data suggests that the scarce supply of REITs forces new funds to include, on average, 60% of all existing REITs in their portfolios thus shocking the industry as a result of fund creations. We find that REITs experience a significant increase in institutional ownership and in stock turnover upon ETF inceptions. Small REITs experience a positive valuation effect, a significant increase in number of shareholders, and a significant reduction in shadow cost, while large capitalization REITs experience a significant negative valuation effect. We attribute this result to portfolio rebalancing effects driven by the increased visibility and coverage of small REIT stocks as a consequence of fund inceptions. We additionally find that buy-and-hold abnormal returns are positive and significant for all REITs, suggesting a permanent impact of ETF inceptions on REIT valuations. Finally, we find that REIT ETF inceptions create permanent increases in volatility in the REIT industry.
Improving the Writing Abilities of First Year Undergraduates through Extensive Reading

anxiety level and type of anxiety when experiencing writing, the Second Language Writing Anxiety Inventory (SLWAI) developed by Cheng (2004) containing a 22-item questionnaire was used. The SLWAI is scored on a five-point Likert response scale ranging from 1 (strongly disagree) to 5 (strongly agree). The subcategory items were distributed as follows: Somatic anxiety (2, 6, 8, 11, 13, 15, 19), Cognitive anxiety (1, 3, 7, 9, 14, 17, 20, 21), and Avoidance behavior (4, 5, 10, 12, 16, 18, 22). Five of the items (1, 4, 17, 18, and 22) were negatively worded and required reverse scoring before being summed up to yield scores. A high score obtained indicates a high level of ESL writing anxiety. A total score above 65 points indicates a high level of writing anxiety, a total score below 50 points indicates a low level of writing anxiety, and a total score in-between indicates a moderate level of writing anxiety. the treatment participants read the provided materials three hours per they beginning, participants motivated recipes
Socio-Cultural Impacts Of Marine Conservation Areas In Indonesian Fishing Communities

Marine conservation areas in Indonesia are a challenge and a necessity, as part of the effort to balance the socio-cultural needs of the fisherman community and the wish to conserve existing resources for the future. The implemented marine conservation areas have been undertaken to protect turtles, coral reefs, and fish was positively related to the improved economic household situation. Meanwhile, this research suggests that marine conservation area, which also takes socio-cultural impacts, has the implementation to succeed in the fishing communities. The study examined the socio-cultural situation of local fishing communities in the District of Sutera, Pesisir Selatan Regency, Province of West Sumatra, Indonesia, where turtles, coral reefs, and fish conservation implemented. The collect data used observation and interviewed are applied. The result of this study will be considered socio-cultural factors and involving local communities when implemented conservation areas. The impacts of socio-cultural potential benefit on the marine conservation areas and the fishing community’s livelihoods in general.
Drug dealing and drug using behaviors among people who inject drugs in Colombia: A cross-sectional study

ABSTRACT Introduction: People who inject drugs (PWID) are highly exposed to drug-dealing networks. In Colombia, a recent dramatic increase in drug consumption has been reported. However, involvement of PWID in drug dealing, their demographics, and drug using behaviors has not been studied. Methods: A cross-sectional study involving 1,099 PWID recruited by Respondent Driven-Sampling in five Colombian cities was conducted in 2014. Correlates of demographic characteristics, drug dealing, and injection behaviors were examined by multivariate analysis, and a binary logistic regression model. Results: Drug-dealing PWID were predominantly male (86%) with a mean age of 26 years. 56% of participants—of whom 64% had low familial socioeconomic status—had been involved in drug dealing in the previous six months. Compared to non-drug-dealing PWID, drug-dealing PWID reported higher daily injection rate (AOR: 1.3), higher odds of injection equipment confiscation by the police (AOR: 1.4), and were less likely to pay for the drugs they injected (AOR: 0.6). Conclusions: Involvement of Colombian PWID in drug dealing was higher than previously reported, and drug-dealing PWID presented sociodemographic vulnerabilities and risky injection practices. Addressing these findings may lead to effective policy design and implementation, decreased drug-dealing involvement, harm reduction, and consumption prevention.
Real-World Evaluation of Hematologic Toxicity Associated with nab-Paclitaxel Plus Gemcitabine for Advanced Pancreatic Cancer

Albumin-bound paclitaxel (nab-paclitaxel), in combination with gemcitabine, is used for firstor second-line treatment of advanced pancreatic cancer (APC). The objectives of this retrospective single institution study are to report the rates of hematologic toxicity, febrile neutropenia (FN), growth factor utilization, progression-free and overall survival of nab-paclitaxel–gemcitabine in a real-world, non-clinical trial setting. Patients with APC treated with nab-paclitaxel—gemcitabine between January 1, 2012 and December 31, 2014 were identified. Data were retrospectively collected from the electronic medical record under an institutional IRB-approved protocol. A total of 29 patients treated with nab-paclitaxel—gemcitabine were included in the analyses. Half of the patients (52%) had received previous therapy for advanced disease, with the majority of those patients (80%) receiving FOLFIRINOX. Grade ≥3 neutropenia and thrombocytopenia were reported in 31% and 21% of patients. FN was observed in 1 patient (3%), and growth factor was utilized in 10% of patients. Most patients (86%) required at least one dose modification, with 76% of patients having dose omission due to toxicity. Median progression-free survival was 3.9 months and median overall survival was 5.4 months. Our results suggest that the rates of hematologic toxicity in the real-world setting are similar to those seen in clinical trial population, despite variances in clinical practice. It remains unclear whether the underutilization of growth factor support affects the incidence of neutropenia outside of clinical trials. The short overall and progression-free survival observed in this study population are not unexpected, as the majority of patients received nab-paclitaxel—gemcitabine as second-line therapy.
Estimation of Leaf Photosynthetic Capacity From Leaf Chlorophyll Content and Leaf Age in a Subtropical Evergreen Coniferous Plantation

Photosynthetic rate is a key source of uncertainty in the modeling of the terrestrial carbon cycle. Recent studies have utilized leaf chlorophyll content (Chl) as a proxy for leaf photosynthetic capacity in croplands and deciduous forests, with little investigation into this relationship for other plant function types and for different leaf ages. In this study, we evaluated the relationship between the maximum rate of carboxylation (Vcmax25) and the maximum electron transport capacity (Jcmax25) at 25 °C with both leaf nitrogen and Chl from different leaf ages (current and previous year) in Masson's pine (Pinus massoniana Lamb.) and slash pine (Pinus elliottii Engelm.) species in a subtropical evergreen coniferous forest. Our results showed small changes in leaf nitrogen over the growing season. In contrast, Vcmax25, Jmax25, and Chl displayed larger seasonal variations. Vcmax25 was more related to leaf Chl than leaf nitrogen in both previous year's and current year's leaves, likely due to the variable partitioning of leaf nitrogen between and within photosynthetic and nonphotosynthetic fractions. Leaf Chl and month after budding (MAB) were the main predictors for Vcmax25 based on the random forest regression analysis. These findings highlighted the problem in using leaf nitrogen as a proxy for Vcmax25 where there is a dynamic nitrogen investment (i.e., with leaf ontogenesis, or between different species) and illustrated the value of using leaf Chl (as retrievable from remotely sensing) and MAB to constrain Vcmax25 in process‐based models to improve the simulation of photosynthetic rates in evergreen coniferous forests.
Causal ambiguity: shape-flip between product market competition at industry level and voluntary disclosure

This paper analyses the moderating effect of causal ambiguity on the relation between product market competition (i.e. product substitution) and firms’ voluntary disclosure behaviour. Our empirical results show a ‘shape-flipping function’. That is, we observe an inverse U-shaped relation between competition and disclosure when causal ambiguity is low. Such a relation gradually evolves towards a U shape as the level of causal ambiguity increases. Our theoretical explanation is that causal ambiguity relaxes or inhibits the intensity of the proprietary and agency costs of voluntary disclosure (underlying restrictions of competition), and simultaneously strengthens the subjacent incentives of competition to reveal information. We obtain empirical evidence of this global perspective based on logistic estimations of a sample of US manufacturing firms from 2002 to 2015. Our models use earnings per share (EPS) forecast as a proxy of voluntarily disclosed information, inverse margin rate as a proxy of product market competition at industry level, and several proxies of causal ambiguity (i.e. firm complexity and firm predictability).
Network correlation between investor’s herding behavior and overconfidence behavior

It is generally accepted that herding behavior and overconfidence behavior are unrelated or even mutually exclusive. However, these behaviors can both lead to some similar market anomalies, such as excessive trading volume and volatility in the stock market. Due to the limitation of traditional time series analysis, we try to study whether there exists network relevance between the investor's herding behavior and overconfidence behavior based on the complex network method. Since the investor's herding behavior is based on market trends and overconfidence behavior is based on past performance, we convert the time series data of market trends into a market network and the time series data of the investor's past judgments into an investor network. Then, we update these networks as new information arrives at the market and show the weighted in-degrees of the nodes in the market network and the investor network can represent the herding degree and the confidence degree of the investor, respectively. Using stock transaction data of Microsoft, US S&P 500 stock index, and China Hushen 300 stock index, we update the two networks and find that there exists a high similarity of network topological properties and a significant correlation of node parameter sequences between the market network and the investor network. Finally, we theoretically derive and conclude that the investor's herding degree and confidence degree are highly related to each other when there is a clear market trend.
Calcite and Vaterite Biosynthesis by Nitrate Dissimilating Bacteria in Carbonatogenesis Process under Aerobic and Anaerobic Conditions

Abstract This study deals with 16S-rDNA identified bacteria, Lysinibacillus sp. , Raoultella sp. , and Streptomyces sp. capable of precipitating CaCO3 through nitrate reduction aerobically and anaerobically. The produced CaCO3 crystals were analyzed using XRD, EDX, FTIR, TGA and SEM. The results showed that the carbonatogenic bacteria served as nucleation sites for CaCO3 precipitation with distinct variation in polymorph and morphology; reflecting strain-specific property. Notably, the amount of precipitated CaCO3 recorded 3.27 (aerobic), 1.55 (anaerobic), 4.15 (aerobic), 3.75 (aerobic) and 1.87 (anaerobic) g/100 mL of strains Lysinibacillus sp. , Streptomyces sp. and Raoultella sp. , respectively, after 240 h of incubation. The study of changes in media chemistry during carbonatogenesis process revealed positive correlation between bacterial growth, nitrate reductase activity, pH, EC, Ca2+ depletion, amount of deposited CaCO3 and NO3 − consumption. Therefore, the applications of these bacterial strains, which were employed for the first time in carbonatogenesis process, are promising in the environmental, biomedical and civil engineering fields.
The Polarization of Reality

Americans are polarized not only in their views on policy issues and attitudes toward government and society but also in their perceptions of the same factual reality. We conceptualize how to think about the “polarization of reality” and review recent papers that show that Republicans and Democrats view the same reality through a different lens. Perhaps as a result, they hold different views about policies and what should be done to address economic and social issues. We also show that providing information leads to different reassessments of reality and different responses along the policy support margin, depending on one's political leaning.
THE EFFECT OF INTELLECTUAL CAPITAL AND COMPANY SIZE ON STICKY COST

Sticky cost behavior becomes very important to know because sticky cost behavior can give a bad influence on the company in terms of obtaining the desired level of profit. By obtaining information about sticky cost behavior, it is expected that company management can be more careful in planning, controlling and making policies or decisions. This study aims to analyze and explain: (1) The effect of Intellectual capital on sticky cost and (2) the effect of company size on sticky cost. The population of this research is the manufacture companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (BEI) in 2014-2017. The total samples of this research are 46 companies. Technical analysis of data in this study is using WarpPLS 5.0. The results of data analysis prove that: (1) Intellectual capital has no significant effect on sticky cost, (2) company size has a significant effect on sticky cost.
Complex Stratification in the World System: Capitalist Totality and Geopolitical Fragmentation

Scholarly debate on territorialized geopolitics and internationalized capitalist accumulation has reached an impasse. Advocates of empire and transnational class and state formation underestimate the staying power of nation–states in the contemporary global order and extend theoretical claims beyond what the evidence allows. State-centric theorists of U. S. supremacy, meanwhile, fail to appreciate the subordination of all states to the law of value, operating in and through the uneven, hierarchical, and hypercomplex world market. Finally, theorists of “dual logics” cannot grasp the dialectical integration of state and capital. A way out of the impasse lies through the notion of a complexly stratified world system, which stresses capitalist specificity, capitalist totality, the multiplicity of states and capitals, and the ordering of the world in an imperialist chain. Understanding the world as complexly stratified in this way has serious implications for the conceptualization of contemporary imperialism.