Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Thromboelastometry in Neonates with Respiratory Distress Syndrome: A Pilot Study

Background: Although respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) constitutes a postnatal risk factor for bleeding and thromboembolic events in neonates, few studies have addressed this issue. We aimed to evaluate the hemostatic profile of neonates with RDS using rotational thromboelastometry (ROTEM). Methods: An observational study was conducted from November 2018 to November 2020 in the NICU of General Hospital of Nikaia “Aghios Panteleimon”. Preterm and term neonates with RDS hospitalized in the NICU were included and EXTEM (tissue factor-triggered extrinsic pathway), INTEM (ellagic acid activated intrinsic pathway), and FIBTEM (with platelet inhibitor cytochalasin D) assays were performed at the onset of the disease. Results: A hypocoagulable profile was noted in neonates with RDS compared to controls, expressed as significant prolongation of EXTEM CT (clotting time) and CFT (clot formation time), lower EXTEM A10 (amplitude at 10 min), MCF (maximum clot firmness), and LI60 (lysis index). Furthermore, prolongation of INTEM CFT and FIBTEM CT, and decreased INTEM and FIBTEM A10 and MCF were found in neonates with RDS. Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that RDS is an independent factor for the recorded alterations in ROTEM variables. Conclusions: RDS is associated with a hypocoagulable profile and greater hyperfibrinolytic potential compared to healthy neonates.
BIOACCUMULATION TRENDS OF Cs-134 AND Cd-109 IN THE ASIAN TIGER SHRIMP Penaeus monodon VIA WATERBORNE EXPOSURE PATHWAY

Accumulation kinetic trends of cesium and cadmium in the Penaeus monodon were studied using Cs-134 and Cd-109 as a tracer. The objective of this study was to quantify the uptake and loss/depuration kinetic of these two radionuclides in the Penaeus monodon. Uptake and loss/depuration kinetic of these two radionuclides in the Penaeus monodon were varied widely, displayed a simple double kinetic model of linear and exponential trend with time unless modified by moulting at the stage in the mount cycle. Therefore, the variation of Cs-134 and Cd-109 bio-concentration factor could be concluded considerably influence by moulting cycle, environmental and biological condition as well as physico-chemical that direct effects on their uptake and loss/depuration kinetic.
Engineering a Clinical Force Measuring Walker for Patients Recovering from Median Sternotomy

Patients often need the use of their arms to assist with functional activities, but after bone disruption, pushing is frequently limited to <10 lb (4.5 kg). No method exists to measure arm weight bearing objectively in clinical settings. This project aimed to design, construct, and test a walker for patients who need to limit arm force to prevent excessive bone stress during post-fracture (iatrogenic or traumatic) ossification. First, a qualitative study was conducted to obtain critiques of a Clinical Force Measuring (CFM) walker prototype from rehabilitation professionals. Key statements and phrases were coded that allowed “themes” to emerge from transcribed interviews, which guided device revisions. Next, a second CFM Walker prototype was designed based on the qualitative data and device criteria/constraints and finally tested. The result was fabrication of a new lightweight, streamlined, and cost-effective prototype walker with a simple visual display and auditory cue with upper limit alarms. Key features included attachments for medical equipment and thin film force-sensing resistors integrated into the walker handles that progressively activated 3 LEDs and a buzzer when force exceeded programmed thresholds. The innovative CFM Walker will help patients with restricted arm froce, especially elderly adults, recover safer and faster in the future.
Influence of intrinsic point defects and substitutional impurities (Cl, I-S) on the electronic structure of 2H-SnS2

It was performed the systematic investigation of chemical modification regularities of electronic structure at the composition changes of “ideal” 2H-SnS2 crystal by using the self-consistent density functional theory method in the supercell model. It was analyzed the phases obtained during doping the sulfur sublattice by substitutional impurity Y→S (Y = Cl, I) as well as during changing tin disulfide structure due to the appearance of atomic vacancies in cation and anion sublattices (non-stoichiometry effects).
A Study on the Influence of Intellectual Capital and Intellectual Capital Complementarity on Global Initiatives

A main purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of intellectual capital and intellectual capital complementarity on a firm’s global initiatives. Sample was selected with a type of purposive sampling. The selection criteria were that companies had to locate in Taiwan, but competing globally. Altogether 324 firms took part in the study. Structural Equation Modelling technique was used in the data analysis. Based on the analyses results, some implications are provided. Firstly, the importance of intellectual capital is again highlighted. It is confirmed that intellectual capital does enhance a firm’s global initiatives. Secondly, some moderating effects of business environment are found between intellectual capital and global initiatives. Thirdly, the important role of intellectual capital complementarity is identified. It is found that intellectual capital complementarity has positive effect on global initiatives in both high dynamic and low dynamic contexts. As a result, the value of intellectual capital components can mostly be actualized only in terms of their dynamic interrelationships and conjoint interaction.
Micro-Elimination: Updated Pathway to Global Elimination of Hepatitis C in Small Communities and Industrial Settings during the COVID 19 Pandemic

Background: In response to the goal of the World Health Organisation to eliminate hepatitis C virus infections by 2030, Romania is striving for national elimination. An already successful micro-elimination project was expanded to test-and-treat specific populations and at-risk groups. The aim of this project was to identify the individuals with HCV infection in disadvantaged regions who do not have proper medical care access. Materials and Methods: Our two-arm interventional cross-sectional study used rapid anti-HCV antibody testing on two population groups from the Romanian southwestern region of Oltenia, approached between September 2020 and May 2021. The first group consisted of predominantly over 40 years old individuals, recruited through five family doctors from two medium-sized towns (community lot—CL). We approached a second group, aged 18–65, through 11 medical offices of five large factories in the same region (industry lot, IL). A 12-items questionnaire was given to each participant, to determine risk factors and record demographic data. Eligible patients initiated antiviral therapy using direct-acting antivirals (DAAs). Results: We enrolled 15,383 individuals between all 16 locations. The overall prevalence by antibody testing was 0.77% (119 cases). Of these, 57 subsequently received treatment with DAAs. We identified blood transfusions as a risk factor within the CL. Participants in the IL reported a relatively high risk for the following situations: sharing of personal hygiene belongings with another person, performing previous blood transfusions, dental interventions and previous surgery. Conclusions: In this global context, the use of micro-elimination allows interventions to be faster and more efficient. This is possible by targeting smaller and specific HCV risk groups.
A comparison of the beginnings of exonym standardization in Croatian and Slovenian

This paper compares the beginnings of exonym standardization and some characteristics of the oldest exonyms in two similar Slavic languages, Croatian and Slovenian. It uses the comparative and exemplar methods. It is found that these processes were influenced by the sociopolitical environment of the time, especially language policies. It is shown that the nineteenth century was favorably inclined toward exonyms. They were often written inconsistently and unsystematically because there were no spelling norms for their writing and use. For some, the influences of foreign languages (German, Italian, etc.) are obvious. Numerous transitional forms also appeared, which did not become established.
High temperature‐induced myoglobin‐mimic catalytic structure having high axial ligand content for one‐compartment hydrogen peroxide fuel cells

A facile and inexpensive method of fabricating a myoglobin‐mimic nanostructure is introduced by evaluating the influence of temperature conditions on the axial coordination between the Fe core of hemin and amine of polyethyleneimine (PEI). Through the high‐temperature (100°C) synthesis condition, more hemin molecules are strongly attached to the carbon nanotube and PEI composite owing to the amide bond formation, whereas the energy distribution of hemin is deformed, and the electrical connection is improved by the coordination of axial ligands when the catalyst is synthesized on a lower temperature (25°C). Benefiting from the high concentration of axial ligands, the onset potential is positively shifted by 0.258 V, and the highest current density (155.43 μA cm−2) is observed with 10 mM H2O2 under physiological conditions. These phenomena occur because of the different hydrogen peroxide reduction reaction (HPRR) mechanisms and the overpotential stemming from the effect of the axial ligand, which induces the lowest catalytic and charge transfer resistance for HPRR at 51 and 820 Ω cm−2, respectively. In the polarization curves measured using a 3D printed membraneless flow‐type fuel cell, the maximum power density reaches 129.0 μW cm−2 with 0.340 V of open‐circuit voltage, respectively, which offers the best performance among the reported studies for the membraneless hydrogen peroxide fuel cells driving under physiological conditions so far.
Non-speculum sampling approaches for cervical screening in older women: randomised controlled trial

Background Cervical cancer disproportionately affects women ≥65 years, especially those not screened regularly. Speculum use is a key barrier. Aim To assess if offering non-speculum clinician-taken sampling and self-sampling increases uptake for lapsed attenders aged 50–64 years. Design and setting Pragmatic randomised control trial conducted at 10 general practices in East London, UK. Method Participants were 784 women aged 50–64 years, last screened 6–15 years before randomisation. Intervention participants received a letter offering the choice of non-speculum clinician- or self-sampling. Control participants received usual care. The main outcome measure was uptake within 4 months. Results Screening uptake 4 months after randomisation was significantly higher in the intervention arm: 20.4% (n = 80/393) versus 4.9% in the control arm (n = 19/391, absolute difference 15.5%, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 11.0% to 20.0%, P<0.001). This was maintained at 12 months: intervention 30.5% (n = 120/393) versus control 13.6% (n = 53/391) (absolute difference 17.0%, 95% CI = 11.3% to 22.7%, P<0.001). Conventional screening attendance within 12 months was very similar for both intervention 12.7% (n = 50/393) and control 13.6% (n = 53/391) arms. Ethnic differences were seen in screening modality preference. More White women opted for self-sampling (50.7%, n = 38/75), whereas most Asian and Black women and those from other ethnic backgrounds opted for conventional screening. Conclusion Offering non-speculum clinician-taken sampling and self-sampling substantially increases uptake in older lapsed attendee women. Non-speculum clinician sampling appeals to women who dislike the speculum but still prefer a clinician to take their sample. Providing a choice of screening modality may be important for optimising cervical screening uptake.
Water-insoluble and water-soluble NHC complexes and their applications in hydrogenation reactions

The synthesis of novel Ru(II), Os(II), Rh(III) and Ir(III) mono N -heterocyclic carbene (NHC) complexes with a pyridine substituent via transmetallation reactions from the corresponding Ag (I) complexes is reported. While N -alkyl substituted NHC complexes are almost insoluble in water, sulfonated N -alkyl substituted NHC complexes display good solubility in water. All complexes were examined as catalysts in transfer hydrogenation of acetophenone. Additionally, the water-soluble complexes were examined in the complete hydrogenation of acetophenone with H 2 (g).
Efficient Distribution of Copyright Revenue

Habitually, copyright royalties are set at a specific percentage of sales. In this paper, we consider the efficiency of such an arrangement. In particular, we show that in the most realistic scenario in which the final sales of the creation that generates copyright income is subject to risk, then the only case in which we can guarantee that the efficient contract will involve a fixed percentage royalty is when both parties to the contract (creator and distributor) have constant and common relative risk aversion. Out of all efficient contracts, that which is finally selected will depend on some type of bargaining process. For the case of constant and common risk aversion, in the Nash bargaining model copyright revenue should be shared in proportions equal to the relative bargaining powers of the creator and the distributor. JEL Classification N: D5
A Time to Adapt, Not “Return to Normal”: Lessons in Compassion and Accessibility from Teaching During COVID-19

COVID-19 drastically altered teaching and learning. The unprecedented public health crisis forced educators to transition courses online, to learn new technologies, and to embrace adaptability and flexibility. These pedagogical changes brought with them new challenges and stressors, causing many educators to long for a “return to normal” in education. In this conversation, I reflect on the transformative lessons we as educators can learn from teaching during the pandemic. I argue that teaching during COVID-19 has presented opportunities for educators to become more compassionate toward students. Some of the ways we restructured our courses may also make education more accessible to vulnerable groups. Examining the lessons I have learned in compassion and accessibility through teaching sociology during COVID-19, I suggest that now is a time to adapt, not return to normal.
A Study of Phytochemistry, Genoprotective Activity, and Antitumor Effects of Extracts of the Selected Lamiaceae Species

This study was designed to evaluate the genoprotective, antigenotoxic, as well as antitumor potential of methanolic, ethanolic, and aqueous extracts of Melissa officinalis, Mentha × piperita, Ocimum basilicum, Rosmarinus officinalis, Salvia officinalis, and Satureja montana (Lamiaceae), in different model systems. The polyphenols in these extracts were quantified both spectrophotometrically and using HPLC-DAD technique, while DPPH assay was used to assess the antioxidant activity. The genoprotective potential was tested on pUC19 Escherichia coli XL1-blue, and the antigenotoxicity on Salmonella typhimurium TA1535/pSK1002 and human lung fibroblasts, while the antitumor activity was assessed on colorectal cancer cells. Rosmarinic acid, quercetin, rutin, and luteolin-7-O-glucoside were among the identified compounds. Methanolic extracts had the best DPPH-scavenging and SOS-inducing activities, while ethanolic extracts exhibited the highest antigenotoxicity. Additionally, all extracts exhibited genoprotective potential on plasmid DNA. The antitumor effect was mediated by modulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), nitric oxide (NO) production, and exhibition of genotoxic effects on tumor cells, especially with O. basilicum ethanolic extract. Generally, the investigated extracts were able to provide antioxidant protection for the acellular, prokaryotic, and normal human DNA, while also modulating the production of ROS and NO in tumor cells, leading to genotoxicity toward these cells and their decrease in proliferation.
Effect of Epidural Dexmedetomidine as an Adjuvant to Local Anesthetics for Labor Analgesia: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

Background This study aims to determine the analgesic effect and safety of dexmedetomidine as an adjuvant to epidural local anesthetics during labor. Methods Randomized controlled trials comparing epidural blocks with or without dexmedetomidine for labor analgesia were comprehensively searched. Review manager 5.4 was used to analyze the extracted data. Results Compared with placebo and opioids, dexmedetomidine relieved labor pain of 15 min (P=0.002), 30 min (P=0.01), and 120 min (P=0.02) after block and at the moment of fetal disengagement (P=0.0002), decreased mean arterial pressure of 120 min (P=0.01), heart rate of 30 min (P=0.003), 60 min (P < 0.00001), and 120 min (P < 0.00001) after block, blood loss (P=0.02), and the incidence of nausea/vomiting (P=0.006), and increased the incidence of maternal bradycardia (P=0.04). However, sensitivity analysis only found that the incidence of nausea/vomiting was significantly different. Compared with placebo, dexmedetomidine relieved labor pain of 30 min after block (P < 0.00001) and did not increase the incidences of side effects, but only two studies were enrolled. Compared with opioids, dexmedetomidine decreased the incidence of nausea/vomiting (P=0.002), increased the incidence of maternal bradycardia (P=0.04), and had a similar effect on labor pain relief; however, sensitivity analysis found that significant difference existed only at the incidence of nausea/vomiting. Other outcomes from meta-analysis or subgroup analysis were not different. Conclusions Epidural dexmedetomidine has the potential to offer a better analgesic effect than placebo, similar labor pain control to opioids, and has no definite adverse effects on the parturient or fetus, but more high-quality studies are needed to confirm these conclusions.
Wave‐Packet Dynamics in Nonlinear Disordered Chains under the Effect of Acoustic Waves

In this work, the wave‐packet dynamics is considered under the effect of diagonal disorder distribution, electron–lattice interaction, and acoustic‐wave pumping. Electronic transport is taken into account quantum mechanically, whereas lattice vibrations are described through a classical nonlinear Morse Hamiltonian. The electronic hopping term takes the form of an exponential function of the effective distance between nearest‐neighbor lattice elements. The electron wave‐packet is initially localized at the first site of the chain alongside a Gaussian pulse generator. The results suggest that the disorder distribution breaks down the solitonic energy profile that exists within this kind of nonlinear Morse lattice. On the other hand, it is shown that the acoustic pumping sustains the wave packet dynamics within this disordered nonlinear model.
Biological Mechanisms and Therapeutic Opportunities in Mammographic Density and Breast Cancer Risk

Simple Summary Primary prevention approaches are urgently needed to curb the growing global breast cancer burden. Mammographic density, also known as breast density, is one of the most significant and common independent risk factors for breast cancer. As such, it is an exciting new potential target to reduce the incidence of breast cancer; we could in the future identify women with high mammographic density at an increased risk of breast cancer and take steps to reduce that risk. However, more research is needed to understand the biological mechanisms that underlie high mammographic density and how these might be used to develop new prevention strategies. Here, we review the current knowledge around the biology of mammographic density with a particular focus on immune system factors that could provide new therapeutic targets. Abstract Mammographic density is an important risk factor for breast cancer; women with extremely dense breasts have a four to six fold increased risk of breast cancer compared to women with mostly fatty breasts, when matched with age and body mass index. High mammographic density is characterised by high proportions of stroma, containing fibroblasts, collagen and immune cells that suggest a pro-tumour inflammatory microenvironment. However, the biological mechanisms that drive increased mammographic density and the associated increased risk of breast cancer are not yet understood. Inflammatory factors such as monocyte chemotactic protein 1, peroxidase enzymes, transforming growth factor beta, and tumour necrosis factor alpha have been implicated in breast development as well as breast cancer risk, and also influence functions of stromal fibroblasts. Here, the current knowledge and understanding of the underlying biological mechanisms that lead to high mammographic density and the associated increased risk of breast cancer are reviewed, with particular consideration to potential immune factors that may contribute to this process.
Synthesis of new 2-amino-4H-thiopyran derivatives via the one-pot reaction between 3,4-dihydro-3-((benzylamino)methylene)-4-thioxochromen-2-ones and alkyl-2-cyanoacetates in the presence of nano-ZnO catalysis

ABSTRACT One-pot reaction between 3,4-dihydro-3-((benzylamino)methylene)-4-thioxochromen-2-ones and alkyl-2-cyanoacetates in the presence of an excess amount of triethylamine and a catalytic amount of nano-ZnO particles in acetonitrile leads to new 2-amino-4H-thiopyran derivatives in high to excellent yields within 15 min. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
Craniofacial fluctuating asymmetry in gorillas, chimpanzees, and macaques.

OBJECTIVES Craniofacial fluctuating asymmetry (FA) refers to the random deviations from symmetry exhibited across the craniofacial complex and can be used as a measure of developmental instability for organisms with bilateral symmetry. This article addresses the lack of data on craniofacial FA in nonhuman primates by analyzing FA magnitude and variation in chimpanzees, gorillas, and macaques. We offer a preliminary investigation into how FA, as a proxy for developmental instability, varies within and among nonhuman primates. MATERIALS AND METHODS We generated 3D surface models of 121 crania from Pan troglodytes troglodytes, Gorilla gorilla gorilla, and Macaca fascicularis fascicularis. Using geometric morphometric techniques, the magnitude of observed FA was calculated and compared for each individual, sex, and taxon, along with the variation of FA across cranial regions and for each bilateral landmark. RESULTS Gorillas and macaques exhibited higher and more similar magnitudes of FA to each other than either taxon did to chimpanzees; variation in magnitude of FA followed this same trend. No significant differences were detected between sexes using pooled data across species, but sex did influence FA magnitude within taxa in gorillas. Further, variation in FA variance across cranial regions and by landmark was not distributed in any particular pattern. CONCLUSION Possible environmentally induced causes for these patterns of FA magnitude include differences in growth rate and physiological stress experienced during life. Developmental stability may be greatest in chimpanzees in this sample. Additionally, these results point to appropriate landmarks for future FA analyses and may help suggest more urgent candidate taxa for conservation efforts.