Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Compilation of alluvial channel data : Laboratory and field

In recent years, attempts have been made to develop numerical models for unsteady flows in channels with sediment transport. The work presented in Reports KH-R-43A and KH-R-43B was conducted to analyze two essential ingredients of any numerical model: the relationship between the hydraulic variables (slope, depth, and velocity), and the predictor of sediment concentration. Report KH-R-43A presents a detailed analysis of the two components and examines their role in numerical modeling. Six hydraulic relationships and 13 sediment concentration predictors are examined and compared. New relationships are then developed which appear to be more accurate than the existing techniques. Finally, the new relationships are utilized in a numerical unsteady flow, moveable bed model which uses a four-point implicit finite difference solution scheme. The data base utilized in the first report is presented in Report KH-R-43B. The data base contains 7,027 records (5,263 laboratory records and 1,764 field records), in 77 data files. Not all records were used in the final analyses, but they have been included in an attempt to provide a historically complete set of alluvial channel observations. The material presented in these reports is essentially the same as the thesis submitted by the author in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. A common list of references, with data sources separated from other references, has been included in both reports.
A single-center retrospective observational cohort study on postoperative pain management: better with single or continuous doses of opiates or acetaminophen?

Background: Proper pain management after cardiac surgery is essential for the prevention of postoperative complications, and several protocols have been proposed in this regard. The continuous administration of an opioid is a common approach now because it allows for more prolonged post-surgical analgesic effects. However, this method has several problems, such as the incidence of protracted delirium, nausea, and vomiting. The present study aims to evaluate the effects of two opioid administration methods on postoperative pain management and other clinical outcomes after cardiac surgery. Methods: This is a retrospective observational cohort study that enrolled 184 adult patients who underwent elective cardiac surgery. After ICU admission, patients were divided into two groups: 101 patients who received a single administration of fentanyl (25 mg boluses and a 30 min lockout time) and an administration of acetaminophen (l5 mg kg-1 and a 6 hour lockout time) [group S] and 83 patients who underwent continuous administration of fentanyl (25 mg hour-1 with 35 mg boluses and a 30 min lockout time) and an administration of acetaminophen (l5 mg kg-1 and a 6 hour lockout time) [group C]. For all patients, the Intensive Care Delirium Screening Checklist (ICDSC) scores were measured soon after extubation (0 hours) and 12, 24, and 36 hours later. Similarly, for all patients, NRS scores were also quickly measured after extubation (0 hours) and 8, 16, and 24 hours later. Results: ICDSC scores in group S were significantly lower than those in group C 0 and 12 hours after extubation (p < 0.001). However, ICDSC scores 24 and 36 hours post extubation did not differ significantly between the two groups. NRS scores did not differ significantly between the two groups until 24 hours after extubation. Conclusions: Compared with single administration of fentanyl with acute administration of acetaminophen, continuous administration of postoperative fentanyl with acute administration of acetaminophen may lead to increased risk for postoperative delirium. Therefore, acute administration of fentanyl may be preferable for continuous use in postoperative cardiac surgery patients.
Price Risk Modelling of Different Size Vessels in the Tanker Industry Using Autoregressive Conditional Heteroskedasticity (ARCH) Models

This paper examines volatility as a measure of risk in the world tanker market for second hand ships. In particular, it models and compares time varying risks between different size vessels. The recently developed class of Autoregressive Conditional Heteroskedasticity (ARCH) models are utilised for this purpose. It is found that monthly price returns of small vessels are broadly less volatile than larger ones, and the nature of these volatilities vary across sizes. A downward trend in risks is observed in the VLCC and Suezmax carriers, suggesting that risks in the tanker industry have decreased since the first part of the 1980's.
UPDATE ON SULFATE-INDUCED HEAVE IN TREATED CLAYS; PROBLEMATIC SULFATE LEVELS

A brief background on sulfate-induced heave in lime- and portland cement-treated clay soils and some examples of projects affected by this phenomenon are presented. The nature and details of the phenomenon are covered as known at this time. A type of swell test that may be used to indicate the nature of problems is introduced, as well as some results from known affected sulfate-bearing soils. The main thrust of discussion is the determination of soluble sulfates and how varied the results of such testing can be depending on the procedure used to extract sulfate from the soil. Recommended procedures for extraction and determination of sulfates are provided. Levels of sulfates that represent potential problems are discussed. The conclusions include the minerals that need to be controlled, recommended determination of sulfate levels, recommended testing for problematic behavior, recommended problematic sulfate levels, and recommended research to achieve solutions to the problem.
Synthetic Jet Actuation - Modeling, Actuator Development and Application to Separation Control

Abstract : This work presents an investigation of synthetic jet actuation for separation control over wings/airfoils, in steady and unsteady flows, the development of high-power, compact synthetic jet actuators (SJA) for flow separation control, the modeling and control of such actuators and the modeling and control of the resulting SJA-controlled aerodynamics and wing/airfoil, respectively. The developed actuator is compact enough to fit in the interior of a NACAOOl5 profiled wing with a chord of 0.375 m. Test bench experiments showed that the multi-piston actuator array was capable of producing exit velocities of up to 90 rn/s for an actuator frequency of 130 Hz. The actuator was placed in a NACA 0015 wing and tested in a wind tunnel. An experimental investigation into the effects of a synthetic jet actuator on the performance of the wing, in steady flow, is described. Emphasis is placed on the capabilities of the actuator to control the separation of the flow over the wing at high angles of attack. The investigation included the use of force balance measurements, on -surface flow visualization with oil and tufts, off-surface flow visualizations with smoke, surface pressure distribution measurements and wake surveys.
Verification of Delft FLS

Nowadays flooding because of a dike breach can be simulated with high accuracy by use of computer models. Delft FLS, which stands for DELFT Flooding System, developed by WL - Delft Hydraulics, is such a model. The hydrodynamic processes occurring during a flooding are complex, for example moving hydraulic jumps and propagating bores. The implementation of the hydrodynamic laws in the computer model must be done correctly to be able to calculate these processes accurately. To verify the accuracy of the model an experiment was developed and executed in which these hydrodynamic processes occurred. The experimental results were compared with the numerical results to allow statements about the accuracy of the model. The experiment concerned the flooding of a basin of 8 m by 23 m. When a gate was lifted a reservoir emptied into the basin, which was thereby flooded. Three experiments were executed, two with different initial water layers in the basin and one with an initially dry basin. A video camera above the basin recorded the development of the flooding in the horizontal plane. The water depths were registered with wave gauges. The first numerical results seemed to agree reasonably well with the experimental data. However the calculated lateral flow velocity was too high. The dike-break is modelled in the computer program as a linear in time decreasing height of a dam. A numerical momentum conservative method is normally used in Delft FLS to calculate the flow through the breach. In the experiment a lifted gate represented the dike-break. The flow could not be calculated with the momentum conservative method because of a loss of momentum due to a force against the gate. An energy conservative numerical method is needed to calculate the flow. After applying the energy conservative numerical method the calculated results agreed very well with the experimental results. Verification of the computer model Delft FLS showed that the numerical methods used in the computation core of the program are very suitable to calculate the complex hydrodynamic processes of flooding. The methods are mass, energy and momentum conservative, which results in very accurate computations of two-dimensional dynamic flow with discontinuities in it.
Work wellness of employees in the earthmoving equipment industry

The objectives of this study were to determine the psychometric properties of the Survey Work-home Interaction-Nijmegen (the SWING), to determine the prevalence of workhome interaction and to determine if differences regarding work-home interaction exist between different demographic groups. Random samples (n = 528) were taken of employees in the earthmoving equipment industry in eight provinces in South Africa. The SWING and a biographical questionnaire were administered. Structural equation modelling showed that a four-factor model (which measures negative work-home interference, positive work-home interference, negative home-work interference and positive home-work interference) fitted the data best. This factor structure was equivalent across important subgroups. Cronbach alpha coefficients showed that all four factors were reliable. Multivariate analysis of variance and one-way analysis of variance were used to determine the differences between work-home interaction and various demographic characteristics. The results indicated that there were statistically significant differences between the demographic groups based on age, gender, language, ethnicity, a partner's contribution to household income and the different business units.
EFFECTS OF TRUCKS ON FREEWAY VEHICLE HEADWAYS UNDER OFF-PEAK FLOW CONDITIONS

The results of a study to determine the effects of the presence of heavy trucks on traffic flow in sections of freeway as an operational measure of total throughput capacity are presented. The variable used to evaluate truck impacts was time headway. Data were collected at two sites on the Houston, Texas, freeway system during off-peak flow conditions. After each observed headway had been classified as to types of vehicles involved in the interaction, various statistical tests were performed to analyze variations in headway due to headway type, lane width, and traffic volume. Headway type (i.e., the types of vehicles involved in the headway interaction) was shown to be the major determinant in length of the headway; those that involved trucks exhibited the greatest magnitude. (Author)
PREDICTION OF FLEXIBLE PAVEMENT DEFLECTIONS FROM LABORATORY REPEATED-LOAD TESTS

RESEARCH IS REPORTED WHICH CONSTITUTES SIGNIFICANT PROGRESS TOWARD THE UNDERSTANDING OF PAVEMENT BEHAVIOR WITH REGARD TO FATIGUE CRACKING OF BITUMINOUS SURFACES SUBJECTED TO MANY REPETITIONS OF HEAVY LOADS. A THOROUGH REVIEW IS PRESENTED OF EXISTING INFORMATION ON THE RESILIENT CHARACTERISTICS OF FINE-GRAINED SUBGRADE SOILS, GRANULAR BASED MATERIALS, AND BITUMINOUS SURFACE COURSES. SUGGESTED METHODS FOR PREDICTING DEFLECTIONS OF BITUMINOUS PAVEMENTS FROM LABORATORY REPEATED-LOAD TESTS ARE DEVELOPED. TEST DATA FROM FIELD TESTS ON PROTOTYPE PAVEMENTS AND LABORATORY TESTS ON THE COMPONENTS OF THESE PAVEMENTS ARE USED TO DEMONSTRATE THE APPLICABILITY OF THE PROPOSED METHODS.
Aerodynamics of flexible membranes

Membrane wings are used both in nature and small aircraft as lifting surfaces. For these low Reynolds number applications, separated flows are common and are the main sources of unsteadiness. Adaptability of the membrane wing is known to improve the vehicle performance; and membrane compliancy in animal wings such as bats contributes significantly to their astonishing flights. Yet, the aerodynamic characteristics of the membranes are still largely unknown. An experimental study of flexible membranes at low Reynolds numbers was undertaken. Two-dimensional membrane aerofoils were investigated, with particular focus on the unsteady aspects. Membrane deformation, flow fields and fluid-structure interaction were examined over a range of angles of attack and freestream velocities. A comprehensive study of the effect of membrane pre-strain and excess length was carried out. Low aspect ratio membrane wings were investigated for rectangular and nonslender delta wings. The amplitude and mode of membrane vibration are found to be dependent mainly on the location and the unsteadiness level of the shear layer. The results indicate a strong coupling of unsteady flow with the membrane oscillation. With increasing Reynolds number, the separated shear layer becomes more energetic and closer to the surface. The membrane not only has smaller size of the separation region compared to a rigid aerofoil, but also excites the roll-up of large vortices which might lead to delayed stall. The membrane aerofoils with excess length exhibit higher vibration modes, earlier roll-up and smaller separated region, compared to the ones with pre-strain. This smaller separated region delays the onset of membrane vibrations to a larger incidence. For the low aspect ratio membrane wings, the combination of tip vortices and leading-edge vortex shedding results in a mixture of streamwise and spanwise vibrational modes. The flexibility benefits the rectangular wing more than the delta wing by increasing the maximum normal force and the force slope by a larger amount. Similar to the two-dimensional membrane aerofoils, the Strouhal numbers of the oscillations are on the order of unity, and there is a coupling with the wake instabilities in the post-stall region. Stronger tip vortices on membrane wings contribute significantly to total lift enhancement.
Field quantization

Field or second quantization is carried through for electromagnetism, giving creation and annihilation operators for photons. Vacuum energy arises from field fluctuations, which causes the Casimir force and the Lamb shift of spectral lines. The connection between absorption, spontaneous emission and the stimulated emission of radiation is shown to emerge naturally. This yields Einstein’s equations for radiation in thermal equilibrium. The prerequisites for lasing, the operation and the properties of lasers are described. Fully coherent (Laser) states are expressed in terms of Fock states. The first and second order coherence of lasers and thermal sources are worked out. The Hanbury Brown and Twiss experiment is described and the application of the principle to determining stellar sizes and interaction regions in particle collisions from meson correlations are described.
Modelling of Zr-O and U-Zr-O melts oxidation and new crucible tests

This report summarises the results of task WP7.2 of the European COLOSS Project conducted within the 5 t h Framework Programme on "Nuclear Fission Safety". The objective of this multi-partner task is the development of models regarding the oxidation of U-O-Zr mixtures, in particular: Models that can adequately simulate the oxidation of U-O-Zr mixtures and related H 2 production during the core degradation phase of a severe accident. Models that can be integrated in SA codes. In order to modelling of Zr-O and U-Zr-O melts oxidation, it was agreed to use available FZK data on post-test examinations of molten materials oxidation in the CORA and QUENCH bundle tests, as well as new FZK tests (described in the Part I) on ZrO 2 crucible dissolution by molten Zry. These single effect tests were specially designed for the investigation of long-term behaviour during the melt oxidation stage. On this base, a new model (Part II of the report) for oxidation of molten Zr-O and U-Zr-O mixtures in steam was developed, in order to analyse and explain the H 2 peak production during the quenching of degraded rods.
Condensation and radiation transmittance of greenhouse cladding materials: part 3: results for glass plates and plastic films

Abstract The effect of condensate on the transmittances of single glass, low-emissivity glass, double glass, ordinary low-density polyethylene, anti-drop-condensation polyethylene and anti-dust polyethylene was investigated experimentally. The directional–hemispherical transmittances of the dry and the wet (i.e. covered with condensate) materials were measured under laboratory conditions using monochromatic radiation. Under dry conditions, the directional–hemispherical transmittances of the three plastic films and the single glass plate coincided within 3% for incidence angles up to 60°. The directional–hemispherical transmittances of dry low-emissivity glass and especially dry double glass were significantly lower than the three plastic films and the single glass plate. Depending on the cladding material and incidence angle, the effect of the presence of condensate on the directional–hemispherical transmittance was insignificant or negative (a reduction of up to 23% on plastic films without anti-drop agents). The presence of condensate caused similar transmittance reductions for single and double glass reaching 13–15% at incidence angles of 50–65°. The transmittance reductions determined for the wet low-emissivity glass were slightly smaller and limited to a maximum of 11% at an incidence angle of 70°. The addition of anti-drop agents to plastic films suppressed the transmittance reduction totally. The different influence of the condensate on the transmittance of different cladding materials was mainly due to shape of the condensate drops, which were much flatter on glass than on non-anti-drop plastics. Assuming uniformly diffuse radiation, condensate was found to lower the hemispherical–hemispherical transmittance by 8% for single and double glass, 5% for low-emissivity glass, 11% for low-density polyethylene and 13% for anti-dust polyethylene.
Using Low-Power Radios for Mobile Robots Navigation

Abstract This paper addresses the general field of mobile robots navigation within fixed sensor networks. We focus on an innovative navigation for indoor environments that is based on Radio-Frequency (RF) communication and its Received Signal Strength (RSS). We propose two methods for guiding a robot towards an RF beacon using low-power radios, namely the oblivious and the iterative methods. While the former has negligeable resource requirements, the latter requires more memory, processing power and odometry but it presents a substantially improved performance. We noticed that noisy RSS measurements are the main obstacle in our problem, since the noise incurs great ambiguity in the RSS gradient climbing. Thus, we introduce antenna diversity in the beacon and omnidirectional antenna with shielding plane in the robot to reduce multi-path phenomena and provide a better relationship between robot-beacon distance and RSS. The efficiency of these techniques as well as the performance of the oblivious and iterative methods are evaluated via simulations and practical experiments with an autonomous mobile robot. The results validate the methods and confirm the viability of RSS-based navigation.
Flood Inundation Prediction

Every year flood events lead to thousands of casualties and significant economic damage. Mapping the areas at risk of flooding is critical to reducing these losses, yet until the last few years such information was available for only a handful of well-studied locations. This review surveys recent progress to address this fundamental issue through a novel combination of appropriate physics, efficient numerical algorithms, high-performance computing, new sources of big data, and model automation frameworks. The review describes the fluid mechanics of inundation and the models used to predict it, before going on to consider the developments that have led in the last five years to the creation of the first true fluid mechanics models of flooding over the entire terrestrial land surface. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics, Volume 54 is January 2022. Please see http://www.annualreviews. org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.
Meeting the Accuracy Challenge in Airborne Bathymetry

Abstract : The essential qualities for a successful airborne lidar bathymeter are accuracy, capability, and cost effectiveness. Over the past twenty five years, developments in lasers, optics, electronics, and computers have made it somewhat easier to construct viable airborne lidar systems with varying purposes, and an increasing number are being constructed. Fewer than ten airborne lidar bathymeters exist in the world today, however, because of limited demand and because of the fact that it is still very difficult to meet the above three requirements, particularly the first. It is not hard to get answers from a system. It takes a great deal of understanding and effort, however, to obtain results that will meet international accuracy standards and the operational requirements of the typical customer. The primary considerations in the design, construction, and operation of an airborne bathymeter must be data quality and depth measurement accuracy. Both the physical environment and system hardware components contribute many error sources that must be overcome. This requires thoughtful hardware and software system design and construction, as well as the prediction, modeling, and application of appropriate correctors. Operational procedures for quality control, calibration, and maintenance must be established and followed. In this paper, we describe the large number of hardware design features, software algorithms, bias correctors, displays, and operational procedures that have been developed to provide the basis for a system which will meet required accuracy standards while maintaining efficiency and cost-effectiveness. The above features have all been incorporated into the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers SHOALS operational airborne lidar bathymetry system. SHOALS has been operated, from both a helicopter and a fixed-wing aircraft, to meet a wide range of survey requirements in categories such as charting, dredging, coastal engineering, resource management, modeling.
Figurines

This book concerns figurines from cultures that have no direct links with each other. It explores the category of the figurine as a key material concept in the art history of antiquity through comparative juxtaposition of papers drawn from Chinese, pre-Columbian, and Greco-Roman culture. It extends the study of figurines beyond prehistory into ancient art-historical contexts. At stake are issues of figuration and anthropomorphism, miniaturization and portability, one-off production and replication, substitution and scale. Crucially, figurines are objects of handling by their users as well as their makers—so that, as touchable objects, they engage the viewer in different ways from flat art. Unlike the voyeuristic relationship of viewing a neatly framed pictorial narrative, as if from the outside, the viewer as handler is always potentially and without protection within the narrative of figurines. This is why they have had potential for a potent, even animated, agency in relation to those who use them.