Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Underwater light climate and the growth and pigmentation of planktonic blue-green algae (Cyanobacteria) I. The influence of light quantity

The influence of variation in light quantity on the growth and pigmentation of eight strains of planktonic blue-green algae has been investigated under defined laboratory conditions. In light-limited cultures the relative concentrations of chlorophyll and phycobiliproteins per cell decline at a similar rate with increasing irradiance. Once maximum growth rate is reached, however, exposure to higher photon flux densities results in a further decline in light-harvesting capacity per cell and also in a reduction in the light absorption bandwidth owing to a preferential decrease in phycobiliprotein synthesis. Quantitative and qualitative changes in the net rates of pigment synthesis at high irradiance appear to be part of an overall mechanism that serves to maintain maximum growth rate under conditions that might otherwise favour chlorophyll photooxidation. At irradiances below those required for maximum growth rate, the net rates of chlorophyll and phycobiliprotein synthesis decline as growth becomes progressively light-limited. Such limitations of pigment synthesis appear to be imposed by genotypic constraints on the maximum cell density and on the size of photosynthetic units rather than by either light or nutrient limitation of chlorophyll and phycobiliprotein synthesis.
Heterosis and combining ability for quality and yield in early maturing single cross hybrids of maize (Zea mays L.)

Combining ability analysis was conducted in early maturing maize (Zea mays L.) inbred lines for quality and yield attributes. The ratio of non additive/additive gene effect revealed that there was preponderance of non additive gene action in the expression of all the traits under study. Inbred lines L9 and L10 were good general combiner for all the three quality traits. While inbred line L9 was also good general combiner for grain yield, oil content, starch content and protein content. Single cross L15 x T1 had positive significant sca effects for oil content along with starch content with highest estimate of heterobeltiosis for oil content. In general parental inbreds possessed high per seperformance for quality traits along with grain yield per plant and 100 grain weight.
Group Experience Therapy for outpatients with Borderline Personality Disorder features: preliminary results on its effectiveness in a randomized trial

Objective: Group Experience Therapy (GET; Visintini et al., 2019) is a structured treatment for patients with Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) features. The study aimed at evaluating GET effectiveness in a longitudinal, single-blind, two-arm parallel design, comparing GET with Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT; Linehan, 1993, 2014). The individual variability was expected to be consistent. Methods: The sample was comprised of 95 outpatients, assigned to groups with the minimisation procedure and assessed every three months. Treatments were delivered by 28 therapists at the San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy. Hierarchical Linear Models with random effects were used; supplementary analyses were repeated for the completers’ subsample ( N = 53). Results: Suicidality, self-harm, emotional and behavioral dysregulation decreased in both groups after one year. Strategies to regulate intense emotions and mindfulness skills improved better in GET for the completers. Unconditional growth models indicated that subjects differed in the elevation and in the rate of change. Discussion: GET and DBT reached comparable outcomes on target variables over one year. Group setting or the intensity of treatment could be hypothesized as GET-specific therapeutic mechanisms.
Biological and cultural success of song memes in indigo buntings

Song behavior, breeding success, and survival of individuals and the survival of their local song traditions or memes were compared in two populations of Indigo Buntings (Passerina cyanea) in southern Michigan. First-year males were less successful than older males. First-year males with the song of a neighboring adult tended to be more successful in mating and in fledging young than were 1st-yr males that retained an individualistic song. Adults that were members of a local song neighborhood tended to be more successful than adults that were not. Reproductive and survival success of individual birds did not vary with the number of males in the meme. The different song traditions (memes) are equivalent in biological terms to mating success, breeding success, and survival of their bearers. Memes are successful in a cultural sense if they survive from year to year. Meme survival is determined largely by the number of individual birds in the song group; chances are high that at least one male with the song will return in the larger groups. Songs are learned outside the family context, kin usually do not have the same song, and a female selects a mate independently of whether his song is the same as her father's. The change over time in the local meme pool is independent of any obviously associated genetic traits, and cultural extinction of song memes is described in probabilistic terms of meme size.
Internal Stress Generation in Rattan Canes

Internal stress development was investigated in rattan canes (Calamus merrillii Becc.) following the procedures used in trees. Measurements showed that longitudinal compressive stresses existed at the periphery while longitudinal tensile stresses existed at the core. Such stresses originated from the fibers. Fiber MFA was observed to be beyond 20" and the lignin content was above 30%. Considering its similarities to compression wood tracheids, it was assumed that the rattan fibers generated longitudinal compressive stress. The amount of stress varied from base to top and from periphery to core because of the variation in the proportion of fibers along these points. This is why the longitudinal compressive stress that was generated at the base was higher than at the top and high longitudinal compressive stress was developed at the periphery. As a response to this high peripheral stress, longitudinal tensile stress was induced at the core.
Geometrics of growth in four species of Spodoptera

Four species of Spodoptera (Noctuidae: Lepidoptera) viz., S. litura (F.), S. mauritia Boisduval, S. exigua (Hub.) and S. frugiperda ( J.E. Smith) were reared on castor, rice, chickpea and on artificial diet, respectively under laboratory conditions during 20172019 at the Department of Entomology, College of Agriculture, PJTSAU, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad. The observations on the geometrics of growth in terms of width of head capsule (widest head width) confirming to Dyar’s law were made. In S. litura the linear growth ratio was 1.45 confirming a regular geometrical progression in the consecutive larval instars. In S. mauritia and S. frugiperda it was 1.62 and 1.94, respectively; but in S. exigua it was observed to vary as 1.41 (between 1st and 2nd instars), 2.61 (2nd and 3rd instars), 1.05 (3rd and 4th instars) and 1.64 (4th and 5th ), with a mean of 1.68, and slightly deviating from Dyar’s law. In specific, it was of the ratio of 2.61 between 2nd and 3rd instars showing the maximum progression factor, and confirming the variation among the four species evaluated.
The Initial Neutral Lipid Reserves of Juveniles of Globodera Spp

The neutral lipid reserves of newly-formed juveniles from field and pot-grown populations of Globodera pallida and G. rostochiensis have been studied using a quantitative histochemical technique based on scanning microdensitometry. Significant differences occurred between the mean neutral lipid content of newly-formed juveniles of G. pallida that were not related to the fecundity of the females. Pot experiments for G. rostochiensis confirmed that the proportion and fecundity of females did not influence the neutral lipid content of the juveniles. The lipid reserves were maintained within close limits and the level was similar to that of juveniles of the parental generation. This shows that intraspecific competition between females does not result in a reduced neutral lipid content of their progeny which may impair the subsequent survival and potential infectivity of the unhatched juveniles.
Reinvigoration treatments for the micropropagation of mature chestnut trees

Pour faciliter l'etablissement in vitro du châtaignier, differents traitements, tels que des applications de 6-benzylaminopurine (BA, pulverisation ou trempage de 2 h), le greffage sur porte-greffe juvenile, seul ou combine avec des pulverisations de BA, ont ete appliques au materiel preleve dans la couronne de cinq châtaigniers adultes. On a compare le comportement durant l'etablissement, la multiplication et l'enracinement in vitro, du materiel non traite (temoin) et du materiel rajeuni. Durant l'etablissement in vitro, la reactivite du materiel temoin a ete relativement faible pour tous les clones (variations entre 0 et 22 %). Le greffage, seul ou combine avec des pulverisations de BA, augmente significativement la reactivite des explants provenant de la cime des arbres, atteignant 94 % pour le clone HV. En ce qui conceme la phase de multiplication, les meilleurs resultats ont ete obtenus avec les microboutures derivees du materiel provenant de la couronne, pulverise avec BA (C+S), ainsi qu'avec ceux des greffes pulverisees avec BA (G+S). Dans les deux cas, on a obtenu des valeurs bien superieures a celles du temoin. Un comportement similaire a ete observe dans leur aptitude a l'enracinement. Ces resultats montrent que les traitements C+S et G+S induisent un certain rajeunissement du materiel adulte. En combinant les pretraitements in vivo avec un systeme de culture repetee des explants in vitro en position horizontale (recyclage), les microboutures derivees de la couronne presentent un taux de multiplication significativement superieur a celui des explants en position verticale et/ou horizontale non recycles. De plus, avec ce systeme on a obtenu des taux d'enracinement (63 et 28 % pour les clones 431 et HV, respectivement) similaires a ceux precedemment trouves dans des cultures derivees de rejets de la base du meme arbre.
Burmagomphus asahinai sp. nov., a new species from Cambodia and Thailand, with a description of the male of B. gratiosus Chao, 1954

Burmagomphus asahinai sp. nov. (holotype ♂: Cambodia, Cardamom Mts., Koh Kong Province, Thma Bang District, 6 km SW of its centre, rapids at the Thma Bang River, 25 August 2011, RMNH) is described from Koh Kong Province of Cambodia and Nakhon Nayok, Chiang Mai and Parchuap Khiri Khan Provinces of Thailand and is compared with its nearest congeners. While the mesepisternum pattern is closest to that of B. gratiosus Chao, 1954, the female head sculpture combines structures found separately in B. gratiosus and B. williamsoni Förster, 1914. A redescription of B. gratiosus, including the hitherto unknown male, is provided based on a pair from Guizhou Province, China.
Can match play kicking and physical performance outcomes be replicated in an Australian football small-sided game?

ABSTRACT Introduction: This study investigated if the technical and physical match performance outcomes can be replicated in a 5v6 small-sided game (SSG). Methods: Sixteen youth Australian Football (AF) players (mean ± SD; age 16.5 ± 1.0 years, height 179.1 ± 8.0 cm, weight 69.5 ± 9.5 kg) were randomly recruited. Participants were assessed in the SSG during the week prior to the assessed match play. The technical variables assessed were kicking proficiency, number of kicks executed and the amount of time each player had with the ball before kick execution (i.e., under 2s, 2-4s, over 4s). The physical variables assessed were odometer, meters travelled per minute, maximum velocity and percentage of high intensity running. Results: The results suggest kicking proficiency, the number of kicks executed, meters travelled per minute and percentage of high intensity running were all higher in the SSG than during match play. Furthermore, the SSG had less technical variability in comparison to match play. During match play, players had less time affordance to execute a kick and achieved higher maximum running velocities than during the SSG. Conclusion: This research provides coaches with greater insights into the technical and physical performance demands of match play.
Morphology and morphogenesis of the marine ciliate Ponturostyla enigmatica (Dragesco & Dragesco-Kernéis, 1986) Jankowski, 1989 (Ciliophora, Hypotrichida, Oxytrichidae)

The morphology, infraciliature and morphogenetic events during binary division of the marine hypotrich ciliate, Ponturostyla enigmatica (Dragesco & Dragesco-Kerneis, 1986) Jankowski, 1989 collected from the coastal area near Qingdao (Tsingtao), China were investigated. This poorly-known species is characterized by: in vivo size of 130–280 × 50–90 μm, usually with 4 (3–7) macronuclear nodules; 5 to 9 marginal rows of cirri on each side; cortical granules in lines on the ventral surface, but irregularly scattered on the dorsal side; contractile vacuole in mid-body near left margin; 42–61 adoral membranelles; usually 4 complete and several shortened dorsal kineties; 2–3 dorsomarginal kineties; marine. Its morphogenetic processes exhibit the following details: 1) five frontoventral-transverse cirral anlagen together with the UM-anlage develop into 8 frontal, 5 ventral and 5 transverse cirri in the pattern of Oxytricha-Stylonychia ; 2) marginal rows derive from a single anlage-unit on each side in both dividers, which originates apokinetally to the right of the old structure, while all parental rows are morphogenetically inactive and gradually resorbed during the dividing process; 3) three left dorsal and one dorsomarginal anlagen are formed initially as two groups in both proter and opisthe giving rise to all dorsal kineties (the rest are formed by the fragmentation of these anlagen); 4) the old adoral zone of membranelles will be completely retained for the proter and 5) no caudal cirri are formed during morphogenesis. Based on the data obtained, new or improved diagnoses for Ponturostyla and related genera are supplied in the present paper, and a new combination is suggested: Ponturostyla grandis (Stein, 1859) nov. comb. (formerly Pleurotricha grandis Stein, 1859).
A big data analysis on the five dimensions of emergency management information in the early stage of COVID-19 in China

Abstract The all-round and multilevel responses to the epidemic, with professional medical institutions, the governments and the public as the main agents of response and the media as the bridge of communication, are key to developing the public health emergency management system with regard to emerging infectious diseases and diseases with unknown etiology in the information age. This study creates an analysis framework concerning the five dimensions of information—the epidemic itself and the medical, governmental, public and media responses—and analyzes the evolution, interaction and trends of five dimensions using big data within the period of observation For the four dimensions other than the media response, the level of information related to the epidemic and the medical response is relatively high, while the level of response by medical institutions and the governments are similar, and both are higher than the public response. The media coverage of the epidemic remains at a high level of information. In relation to such diseases, the government should take the role of big data analytics seriously, lead a multi-agent social collaboration network, and further strengthen the ‘One Planning Plus Three Systems’ framework related to emergency management in China.
Identification of dorsal guard hairs of five Indian species of Mongoose, Herpestes Illiger (Mammalia: Carnivora)

Les poils de garde dorsaux de 5 especes indiennes du genre Herpestes ont ete etudies. Aucun caractere pris separement ne s'est revele etre specifique. Cependant, la combinaison de caracteres tels que la disposition des bandes, le nombre des ecailles, leur forme, leur marge, la configuration et l'indice medullaires, permet d'identifier chaque espece par ses poils de garde. Une cle de determination est ainsi proposee. Par ailleurs, la structure des poils de garde dorsaux confirme la validite de H. palustris comme espece distincte.
Does Infrastructural Absorptive Capacity Stimulate FDI-Growth Nexus in ECOWAS?

Abstract The study assesses the relevance of infrastructural absorptive capacity in the foreign direct investment (FDI)-growth argument in ECOWAS. Though foreign aid has received a vast attention in the literature, however, an assessment of how the infrastructural readiness of the host economies drives the effectiveness of aid was vocal in this re-examination. The study assesses this main thrust in ECOWAS Sub-region for the period 1995–2017 using the system GMM estimation approach. The result suggests that FDI promotes growth though growth responded less proportionately to FDI influx. Alternatively, following the interaction of FDI and physical infrastructures, the responsiveness of FDI declined. Specifically, the responsiveness of GDP growth declined from 29.2% to 0.21% for road infrastructures. It hence becomes expedient for African government and policy makers to channel a viable development path towards enhancing transport and road infrastructures in order to attract financing into the space and the livelihood of poor rural population.
Insect Herbivores and Leaf Damage along Successional and Vertical Gradients in a Tropical Dry Forest

The availability and quality of resources for herbivores in tropical dry forests (TDFs) vary in time and space, affecting herbivore guilds differently across spatial scales (both horizontally and vertically), with consequences to the distribution of leaf damage in these forests. We attempted to elucidate the distribution patterns of herbivorous insect guilds and leaf damage throughout the secondary succession and vertical stratification along the rainy season in a Brazilian TDF. With the advance of the succession, a greater richness and abundance of herbivorous insects were found, resulting in higher leaf damage in intermediate and late stages. This pattern, however, was not observed for the frequency of leaf miners. At a smaller spatial scale, the host tree height positively affected the richness and abundance of insects. The higher leaf damage was found in canopy, which also harbored a greater richness and abundance of chewing herbivores compared to the understory at both the beginning and the end of the rainy season. Although for sap‐sucking insects, this was only true at the beginning of the season. We detected a decrease in insect richness and abundance at the end of the rainy season, probably due to a synchronization of insect activity with the availability of young, highly nutritious plant tissues. These results are consistent with other studies that found a general trend of increasing richness and abundance of herbivorous insects and leaf damage throughout the secondary succession (early to late stages) and between vertical strata (understory to canopy), suggesting that forest complexity positively affects herbivores.
Yield and Composition of Soybean Seed from Parents with Different Protein, Similar Yield

Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr. ] seed yields often show a negative association with seed protein. The objective of this study was to determine if this association could be minimized by crossing a high and a normal protein line of equal seed yield. An F2 population of 1000 plants was grown. Plants were harvested individually and seed evaluated for oil content using the nuclear magnetic resonance technique. Two bulk populations were developed: one included the 8% having the highest oil and the other the 8% having lowest oil. With the high negative correlation between seed protein and oil, the low oil population was expected to provide lines having high seed protein concentration. The two populations were advanced in bulk through the F6 generation, after which 200 plants were harvested individually from each population and 200 F7 lines grown from each. The F7 lines were harvested individually and seed analyzed for seed protein and oil. The 18 lines having the highest protein and the 18 lines having the highest oil were selected for further evaluation in replicated trials. Lines were evaluated in five environments for seed yield protein, and oil. The overall mean seed yield of the high protein lines averaged 6% less than the overall mean of the lines selected for high oil; however, when seed yield of the two highest protein lines at each environment were compared with the two highest oil lines, the high protein lines had a 1% advantage in seed yield, an 18% advantage in seed protein, and a 20% reduction in oil. The results demonstrate the potential for developing soybean lines high in seed protein and equal in seed yield to lines having high oil content.
Investigating the effectiveness of Mountain Pine Beetle mitigation strategies

We review a broad range of mitigation strategies associated with the management of Mountain Pine Beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins). We consider: methods that are currently utilised or have been proposed for controlling beetle populations; the manner in which the effectiveness of these approaches is monitored and assessed; and the role that remotely sensed data may play in a large-area monitoring system. To this end, we first examine the goals of effectiveness monitoring and introduce a general classification system to clarify the purpose and practice of efficacy monitoring. Based on these principles, the review is then structured around effectiveness evaluations for managing forest pests, primarily Mountain, Southern (Dendroctonus frontalis Zimmermann), and Western Pine Beetles (Dendroctonus brevicomis LeConte) throughout North America, and grouped by management strategy: silvicultural treatments; prescribed burns; and the use of attractants, repellants and insecticides. Finally, we propose the use of remotely sensed data as a complementary tool for monitoring changes in the extent and severity of Mountain Pine Beetle damage across large areas. Use of such data enables assessment of the efficacy of landscape level management practices, directing the application of new mitigation activities, and reducing the risk of future infestations.
Field Dispersal and Population Sizes of Native Drosophila from North Carolina

Native Drosophila were periodically captured, dusted with micronized fluorescent dust and released during the summer of 1977 at two locations near Raleigh, North Carolina. Two or three days after each release, flies were collected in baited traps placed at regular intervals along a transect (800 m or 1,200 m long) centered on the point of release. Recaptured data provided estimates of the shape of the distribution of release flies as well as the dispersal rate of Drosophila, in particular D. melanogaster and D. simulans. Simultaneously collected unmarked flies provided estimates of natural population densities and effective sizes during the summer and early fall. Movement of marked flies averaged 150 m per day with a variance of around 20,000 m2. The observed distribution of a large sample of marked flies appeared to fit a Brownian motion model, in spite of a tendency for Drosophila to aggregate in moist, shady spots. The density of flies varied over the 4 mo tested, ranging from near zero to roughly 2-3 flies per 100 m2 for both D. melanogaster and D. simulans at the two experimental sites. Wright's formulas give estimates of effective population size in the range of 1,000-10,000 individuals during the peak summer populations, while the neighborhood (breeding) radius varied between 200-400 m. Dispersion and population size may be underestimated since evidence suggested dispersion of marked flies beyond the experimental area.