Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Influence of Type and Concentration of Plasticizers on the Properties of Harumanis Mango Dregs Fruit Leather

ABSTRACT Mango dregs are a by-product that can be used as raw material for fruit leather because of their sufficient fiber and sugar content. The plasticizer forms the desired fruit leather texture that is not brittle and can be rolled up. This study determined the effect of the type and concentration of plasticizer on the physicochemical characteristics of mango dregs fruit leather. This research consisted of four treatments (mango dregs + 3% glycerol (G3); mango dregs + 5% glycerol (G5); mango dregs + 3% sorbitol (S3); mango dregs + 5% sorbitol (S5)) and control (mango dregs). Based on moisture content, hygroscopicity, and hardness results S3 produced the lowest moisture content i.e. 12.89%, hygroscopicity, i.e. 4.8 × 10−3 ±0.16 × 10−3 g H2O/g solid/hour, and hardness i.e. 3456.35 g. Fruit leather with the lowest water activity, reducing sugar, and total sugar was obtained by G5 i.e. 0.426 ± 0.004; 33.82%; and 53.60%, in order. Based on tensile strength, elongation, and Young’s modulus results G3 produced the lowest tensile strength i.e 3.89 MPa, highest elongation i.e. 43.73% and lowest Young’s modulus i.e. 8.88 MPa compared by control sample. Color characteristics show that G3 produced the best characteristics i.e. 57.15 ± 3.747 (L*), 15.33 ± 0.148 (a*), and 48.43 ± 5.765 (b*). Morphological properties by SEM showed that all treated samples exhibited compact, homogeneous, slightly spotted and have layers. The hedonic-quality organoleptic test showed that the mango dregs fruit leathers had a yellow (3.0), slightly strong taste (>2.5), smooth texture (2.8–3.0), and soft (3.0).
Correction and compensation of an airborne fluxgate magnetic tensor gradiometer

An airborne fluxgate magnetic tensor gradiometer is built on fluxgates to measure directional derivatives of the magnetic field. It has been used to carry out many geophysical exploration programs quickly and efficiently. However, two key issues greatly reduce the data quality of a tensor gradiometer. One is that the fluxgate magnetic tensor gradiometer suffers various errors, such as scale drift, non-orthogonality, misalignment, zero offset, dynamic, and nonlinear errors of individual fluxgates, along with differences between characteristics of fluxgates. The other is that manoeuvring an aircraft flying in the geomagnetic field can generate magnetic interference effects on a tensor gradiometer. Regarding the common airborne fluxgate magnetic tensor gradiometer that has a cross-shaped structure, we have proposed the magnetic interference model of the aircraft and the error model of a single fluxgate. Then we have seamlessly combined these two models into the unified calibration model of a tensor gradiometer by a recursive method. Finally, we have simultaneously determined the correction coefficients and the magnetic properties of the aircraft by a calibration flight at high altitude in an area of low magnetic gradient. We have evaluated the performance of the proposed method through simulation and actual flight results using a microlight aircraft. The root-mean-square noise of each component has reached the level of less than 1.5 nT/m, and the improvement ratios are from 4096 to 17444 in terms of the measured field data of tensor components. The proposed method reduces the reliance of the installation on the aircraft and can easily be applied to other tensor gradiometers, such as airborne superconducting magnetic tensor gradiometers. In this paper, the correction coefficients of a fluxgate magnetic tensor gradiometer and the magnetic properties of an aircraft are determined. A recursive method is used to combine the magnetic interference model and the error model into a unified calibration model. The method is significant as there will be a greater use of airborne magnetic tensor gradiometers using a wide range of aircraft.
Toroidal-dipole induced plasmonic perfect absorber

We present a new kind of perfect absorber which roots in a toroidal dipole resonance. The toroidal metastructure consists of a metallic circular groove with a depth asymmetry, which couples to the toroidal dipole field in the near-infrared region and thus realizes nearly unit absorbance, acting as a perfect absorber. Moreover, this absorber owns a high sensitivity of 609.6 nm/RIU to the dielectric surroundings. Furthermore, by tuning the geometric parameters, both the toroidal dipole resonance and perfect absorbance characteristics are insensitive to the circular groove width, providing profound fabrication tolerance in future experiments.
NUMERICAL SOLUTION OF THE EQUATION FOR UNSTEADY BOUNDARY LAYER FLOW OF NON-NEWTONIAN FLUIDS PAST SEMI-INFINITE PLATE

Ordinary and partial differential equations of fractional order have been the focus of many studies due to their frequent appearance in various applications in fluid mechanics, viscoelasticity, biology, physics and engineering. Consequently, considerable attention has been given to the solutions of fractional ordinary differential equations, integral equations and fractional partial differential equations of physical interest. Most nonlinear fractional differential equations do not have exact analytic solutions, so approximation and numerical techniques must be used. The equation for unsteady boundary layer flow of non-Newtonian fluids past semi-infinite plate is solved numerically. The graphical presentation is also given.
A fringe projector-based study of the Brighter-Fatter Effect in LSST CCDs

To achieve the goals of the Large Synoptic Survey Telescope for Dark Energy science requires a detailed understanding of CCD sensor effects. One such sensor effect is the Point Spread Function (PSF) increasing with flux, alternatively called the `Brighter-Fatter Effect. ' In this work a novel approach was tested to perform the PSF measurements in the context of the Brighter-Fatter Effect employing a Michelson interferometer to project a sinusoidal fringe pattern onto the CCD. The Brighter-Fatter effect predicts that the fringe pattern should become asymmetric in the intensity pattern as the brighter peaks corresponding to a larger flux are smeared by a larger PSF. By fitting the data with a model that allows for a changing PSF, the strength of the Brighter-Fatter effect can be evaluated.
Robust Stochastic Stability and 
 H∞ Control for Uncertain Singular Markovian Jump Systems with Multiplicative Noise

This paper focuses on the problems of robust stability and stabilization and robust H∞ control for uncertain singular Markovian jump systems with (x,v)‐dependent noise. The parameter uncertainties appearing in state, input, disturbance as well as diffusion terms are assumed to be time‐varying but norm‐bounded. Based on the approach of generalized quadratic stability, the memoryless state feedback controller is designed for the robust stabilization problem, which ensures that the resulting closed‐loop system has an impulse‐free solution and is asymptotically stable in the mean square. Furthermore, the results of robust H∞ control problem are derived. The desired state feedback H∞ controller is presented, which not only meets the requirement of robust stabilization but also satisfies a prescribed H∞ performance level. The obtained results are formulated in terms of strict LMIs. What we have obtained can be viewed as corresponding extensions of existing results on uncertain singular systems. A numerical example is finally given to demonstrate the application of the proposed method.
Improvements on a unified dark matter model

We study, by means of a spherical collapse model, the effect of shear, rotation, and baryons on a generalized Chaplygin gas (gCg) dominated universes. We show that shear, rotation, and the baryon presence slow down the collapse with respect to the simple spherical collapse model. The slowing down in the growth of density perturbation is able to solve the instability of the unified dark matter (UDM) models described in previous papers (e.g., Sandvik et al. 2004) at the linear perturbation level, as also shown by a direct comparison of our model with previous results.
Nonlinear dispersive partial differential equations of physical relevance with applications to vortex dynamics

Nonlinear dispersive partial differential equations occur in a variety of areas within mathematical physics and engineering. We study several classes of such equations, including scalar complex partial differential equations, vector partial differential equations, and finally non-local integro-differential equations. For physically interesting families of these equations, we demonstrate the existence (and, when possible, stability) of specific solutions which are relevant for applications. While multiple application areas are considered, the primary application that runs through the work would be the nonlinear dynamics of vortex filaments under a variety of physical models. For instance, we are able to determine the structure and time evolution of several physical solutions, including the planar, helical, self-similar and soliton vortex filament solutions in a quantum fluid. Properties of such solutions are determined analytically and numerically through a variety of approaches. Starting with complex scalar equations (often useful for studying two-dimensional motion), we progress through more complicated models involving vector partial differential equations and non-local equations (which permit motion in three dimensions). In many of the examples considered, the qualitative analytical results are used to verify behaviors previously observed only numerically or experimentally.
Jet stream dynamics from a potential vorticity gradient perspective: The method and its application to a kilometre‐scale simulation

The influence of adiabatic and diabatic processes on the midlatitude circulation is a formidable research question, especially considering their projected changes under global warming. This study presents the prospects, merits, and caveats of a potential vorticity (PV) gradient perspective as a means to disentangle the contributions of adiabatic and diabatic processes affecting the midlatitude circulation. Theoretical considerations reassess the link between the PV gradient and the jet stream. They reveal that the maximum isentropic PV gradient is consistently located on the stratospheric side of the jet, whereas the gradient of ln(PV)$$ \ln \left(\mathrm{PV}\right) $$ is shifted to the tropospheric side but, in general, is better aligned with the jet axis. The stratospheric shift of the PV gradient results from variations in stability across the tropopause, whereas the tropospheric shift of the ln(PV)$$ \ln \left(\mathrm{PV}\right) $$ gradient results from variations in vorticity. Regions of high PV gradient may serve as a proxy for the curvature of the wind field in the case of sufficiently small variations in stability. Otherwise, they depict variations in both wind and thermal stratification along tropopause‐intersecting isentropic surfaces. Lagrangian “PV gradient thinking” is demonstrated in two case studies of jet streak evolution in a simulation with 1.1 km grid spacing performed with the graphics‐processing‐unit‐enabled numerical weather prediction model Consortium for Small‐Scale Modelling featuring on‐line air parcel trajectories. Dry deformation drives the Lagrangian evolution of the PV gradient in the first case, whereas there is a pronounced influence of diabatic modification in the second case. The Lagrangian PV gradient perspective presented offers fresh insight into adiabatic and diabatic processes underlying the midlatitude circulation variability and change.
Evaluating Neck Circumference as an Independent Predictor of Metabolic Syndrome and Its Components Among Adults: A Population-Based Study

Background Metabolic syndrome (MetS), a public health problem worldwide, represents a high-risk condition for cardiovascular disease and diabetes. The reserve of subcutaneous fat in the upper torso is an important factor in the development of MetS and its risk factors. As neck circumference (NC) is a simple and reliable index that indicates upper-body subcutaneous fat accumulation, this study was conducted to investigate the association between NC with MetS and its components in a large population-based sample of Iranian adults. Methods The present cross-sectional study was conducted among 2094 individuals aged 20-70 years from Yazd Health Study (YaHS). MetS was defined based on the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III (ATP III) criteria. NC more than 40.25 cm for men and more than 35.75 cm for women was considered a high-risk NC. Logistic regression analysis was applied to obtain the associations of NC with MetS and its component. Results After adjusting for age, BMI, energy intake, physical activity, and smoking in those whose NC was higher than normal, the risk of the MetS (odds ratio {OR}: 2.32; 95%CI: 1.55-3.46, P<0.001 in men and OR: 2.56; 95%CI: 1.76-3.74, P<0.001 in women), abdominal obesity (OR: 4.39; 95%CI: 2.67-7.23, P<0.001 in men and OR: 1.92; 95%CI: 1.27-2.90, P=0.002 in women), high blood pressure (OR: 1.54; 95%CI: 1.07-2.21, P=0.02 in men and OR: 1.51; 95%CI: 1.06-2.14, P=0.02 in women), low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) (OR: 1.47; 95%CI: 1.01-2.15, P=0.04 in men and OR: 1.69; 95%CI: 1.23-2.32, P=0.001 in women), and hypertriglyceridemia (OR: 1.41; 95%CI: 1.03-1.99, P=0.04 in men and OR: 1.68; 95%CI: 1.17-2.41, P=0.005 in women) were higher. There was no significant difference in the risk of hyperglycemia between the two NC groups in both sexes. The Pearson's correlation coefficients of NC with waist circumference, hip circumference, body mass index, and waist-to-height ratio were 0.52, 0.43, 0.41, and 0.31, respectively (P<0.001). Moreover, NC had a considerable correlation with serum triglyceride, high-density lipoprotein, systolic blood pressure, and diastolic blood pressure (0.27, -0.30, 0.29, 0.25, P<0.001), respectively. Conclusion Increased NC was significantly associated with higher odds of MetS and its components. Since NC measurement is simple, inexpensive, reliable, and less invasive, it can be used as a complementary tool in the screening and diagnosis of MetS and its risk factors in clinical and community programs especially in developing countries.
Transient acetaldehyde production by SO2-producing Saccharomyces cerevisiae promotes the survival of Oenococcus oeni during co-fermentation

Stuck or sluggish malolactic fermentation (MLF) can be problematic in stressful wine conditions, particularly white and sparkling base musts/wines. In these cases, knowledge of yeast-bacteria strain compatibility and the amount of sulfur dioxide (SO2) a yeast strain produces are important considerations for successful MLF. Here, laboratory- and pilot-scale co-fermentations in Chardonnay were used to investigate the effect of yeast-derived SO2 on Oenococcus oeni survival. Although yeast-derived SO2 is generally inhibitory, we show that SO2 production (to approximately 65 mg/L) can be uncoupled from O. oeni survival in the early stages of co-fermentation. Bacterial survival in the presence of specific SO2-producing yeast strains was correlated with the early, transient formation of high acetaldehyde concentrations. Oenococcus oeni survival coincided with molecular SO2 concentrations remaining below an extremely low threshold of inhibition, which exponentially increased from approximately 3–6 µg/L in the first three days of co-fermentation. Strain-dependent sensitivity of O. oeni to bound SO2 remains a possibility, although the extent and mechanism of such inhibition by the SO2 adduct during co-fermentation remain unclear. The choice of co-inoculation yeast strain also influenced wine diacetyl concentration, which was only detected in wines co-inoculated with high SO2-producing S. cerevisiae strains. The wines with high diacetyl concentrations were found to be distinct by a sensory panel, with comparatively high citation frequency for a buttery sensory attribute. Both the SO2- and acetaldehyde production capacity of yeasts are, therefore, seen as meaningful co-inoculation selection criteria. The range of yeast strains suitable for MLF induction by co-inoculation could be widened to include SO2-producing strains that transiently produce an early, high concentration of acetaldehyde. The effects of low, equilibrium concentrations of molecular SO2 should also be considered in conjunction with total SO2 as a measure of SO2 toxicity towards O. oeni following co-inoculation.
Evidence of in-plane ferromagnetic order probed by planar Hall effect in the geometry-confined ruthenate S r 4 R u 3 O 10

The magnetic structure in the strongly correlated ruthenate $\mathrm{S}{\mathrm{r}}_{4}\mathrm{R}{\mathrm{u}}_{3}{\mathrm{O}}_{10}$ has been debated for a long time and still remains elusive. Here, we perform a systematically planar Hall effect study on a single-crystalline $\mathrm{S}{\mathrm{r}}_{4}\mathrm{R}{\mathrm{u}}_{3}{\mathrm{O}}_{10}$ nanostripe with a thickness of less than 100 nm. Large sharp switching behavior is observed in the planar Hall resistance, unambiguously indicating a strong anisotropic in-plane ferromagnetic order in the nanostripe, which is in contrast to the bulk system. Temperature-dependent evolution of the in-plane magnetism reveals that the in-plane spin order transforms from a single-domain state below a Curie temperature ${T}_{C}$ into a multidomain state below a critical temperature ${T}_{M}$, probably due to the inherent strong spin-orbit coupling driven reconfiguration of spins between the $c$ axis and the $ab$ plane.
Optical crosstalk and ancillary measurements of free space coupled: InGaAs quad photoreceivers exposed to protons and alpha particles

Free space coupled, InGaAs PIN + TIA Quad Photoreceivers enable multiple space applications that require differential wavefront sensing, such as gravitational wave detectors, and position sensing and tracking, for example inter-satellite optical communication links. Optical crosstalk between the individual quadrants of the 2 × 2 photoreceiver array is a key parameter that limits the position and/or direction sensing error of the system. Therefore, it is imperative to ensure low crosstalk in the quad photoreceivers throughout the mission life. We present 1 mm, 1.5 mm, and 2 mm diameter low noise Quad Photoreceivers that demonstrate crosstalk < -30 dB up to 20 MHz frequency. These devices were subjected to 100 MeV Protons and 100 MeV/n Helium Ions up to a fluence of 1 × 1010 cm-2. These tests not only validate the devices for Geostationary Orbit missions, but also for deep space missions outside of Earth’s protective magnetosphere where Galactic Cosmic Rays are a significant component of the radiation environment. All devices were found to be fully functional after radiation, and their crosstalk was essentially unchanged in all cases. Pre- and Post- radiation results were also measured for Dark Current vs. Reverse Bias Voltage for the Quad Photodiodes, DC Responsivity of the Quad Photodiodes, Conversion Gain and Bandwidth of the PIN + TIA Quad Photoreceiver, TIA Drive Current, and Input Equivalent Noise Density of PIN + TIA. Although we observed an increase in dark current due to radiation induced displacement damage in the Quad Photodiode, we did not observe any change in any other parameter for Quad Photoreceivers.
On Maximum Likelihood Estimation of Dynamic Panel Data Models

We analyse the finite sample properties of maximum likelihood estimators for dynamic panel data models. In particular, we consider transformed maximum likelihood (TML) and random effects maximum likelihood (RML) estimation. We show that TML and RML estimators are solutions to a cubic first-order condition in the autoregressive parameter. Furthermore, in finite samples both likelihood estimators might lead to a negative estimate of the variance of the individual-specific effects. We consider different approaches taking into account the non-negativity restriction for the variance. We show that these approaches may lead to a solution different from the unique global unconstrained maximum. In an extensive Monte Carlo study we find that this issue is non-negligible for small values of T and that different approaches might lead to different finite sample properties. Furthermore, we find that the Likelihood Ratio statistic provides size control in small samples, albeit with low power due to the flatness of the log-likelihood function. We illustrate these issues modelling US state level unemployment dynamics.
Empowerment of Robusta Coffee Farmers to Develop Entrepreneurs in Aceh Barat Based on Technology Application

Background: The problems of robusta coffee farmer in Aceh Barat Regency are lack of insight into the downstream potential of robusta coffee, lack of business development ideas and farmer do not understand making financial reports, legality and business organizational systems. For this reason, assistance are needed to coffee farmers so that they develop their business and increase their income. Contribution: Increasing insight into potential utilization and marketing, entrepreneurial development ideas, business finance. Method: Community service was held on 11-13 November 2022 at Teuku Umar University. The approach taken is in the form of a process of education, training and mentoring focuses on three stages: (1) Education of potential beneficiaries and development of the Robusta coffee business (2) Assistance in preparing financial reports, business organization systems and technology adoption and (3) Socialization of efficient coffee marketing channels. Results: The process that goes through each stage is the purchase of red cherries for robusta coffee. There are 3 sub-districts that currently can become suppliers of robusta coffee in Aceh Barat Regency, namely Woyla Induk District, Samatiga District and Meureubo District. The three districts have taken samples and carried out the drying process to become green beans. After purchasing the fruit, the next stage is the process of drying, roasting, grinding and packaging. Conclusion: The participants who were accompanied were able to apply coffee powder packaging technology at IBT, understand the legality of the robusta coffee business, understand the marketing of the robusta coffee business
Determinants of forgiveness after experiencing infidelity in a marital relationship

Marital infidelity, of whatever kind, causes serious conflicts in the relationship between spouses. Forgiveness is recognised as an important element in improving the relationship between spouses. It aids the conflict resolution process and increases commitment to the relationship. The aim of this study was to determine the determinants of forgiveness of infidelity in married people. A total of 373 people (339 women, 34 men), aged between 22 and 64 years, were studied. The study was conducted electronically using: Marital Forgiveness Scale (MOFS, Paleari, Regalia, Fincham, 2009; Polish adaptation Brudek, Steuden, 2015), Positivity Orientation Scale (Positivity Scale, Caprara et al., 2012; Polish adaptation Laguna, Oleś, Filipiuk, 2011), TIPI-PL (Ten Item Personality Inventory, Polish adaptation Sorokowska, Słotwińska, Zbieg, Sorokowski, 2014) and a personal questionnaire. The correlational analyses conducted showed a positive relationship between relationship commitment, relationship fulfilment, positive orientation and emotional stability and forgiveness in the subjects. The higher the level of forgiveness, the higher the positive orientation. The relationship between personality traits and forgiveness in people experiencing betrayal was partially confirmed. A positive relationship was shown at a weak level between benevolence and agreeableness and a negative one with conscientiousness. Fulfilment and commitment were shown to be significant predictors of forgiveness. The relationship between commitment and forgiveness is moderated by the trait conscientiousness. The adopted pattern of variables explains respectively 17% of the variation in the results of the forgiveness variable.