Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Clinical Characteristics and Predictors of Mortality between Direct and Indirect ARDS

Background and Objectives: Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) is a heterogeneous syndrome that encompasses lung injury from a direct pulmonary or indirect systemic insult. Studies have shown that direct and indirect ARDS differ in their pathophysiologic process. In this study, we aimed to compare the different clinical characteristics and predictors of 28-day mortality between direct and indirect ARDS. Materials and Methods: The data of 1291 ARDS patients from September 2012 to December 2021 at the Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University were reviewed. We enrolled 451 ARDS patients in our study through inclusion and exclusion criteria. According to the risk factors, each patient was divided into direct (n = 239) or indirect (n = 212) ARDS groups. The primary outcome was 28-day mortality. Results: The patients with direct ARDS were more likely to be older (p < 0.001) and male (p = 0.009) and have more comorbidity (p < 0.05) and higher 28-day mortality (p < 0.001) than those with indirect ARDS. Age and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) were predictors of 28-day mortality in the direct ARDS group, while age, MODS, creatinine, prothrombin time (PT), and oxygenation index (OI) were independent predictors of 28-day mortality in the indirect ARDS group. Creatinine, PT, and OI have interactions with ARDS types (all p < 0.01). Conclusions: The patients with direct ARDS were more likely to be older and male and have worse conditions and prognoses than those with indirect ARDS. Creatinine, PT, and OI were predictors of 28-day mortality only in the indirect ARDS group. The differences between direct and indirect ARDS suggest the need for different management strategies of ARDS.
Radio emission of highly inclined cosmic ray air showers measured with LOPES

Aims. The capability of radio antenna arrays to measure cosmic ray air showers with very large zenith angles is explored. This is important, since a possible neutrino detection has to fulfill two requirements. First: antennas should be able to detect very inclined cosmic ray air showers, and second: it should be possible to estimate the distance to the shower maximum, since neutrinos are most likely to travel far through the Earth’s atmosphere without interaction and induce air showers close to the ground. Methods. LOPES (LOFAR PrototypE Station; LOFAR – LOw Frequency ARray), an array of dipole antennas, is used for the detection of inclined cosmic ray air showers. LOPES is co-located and triggered by the KASCADE (KArlsruhe Shower Core and Array DEtector) experiment, which also provides information on air shower properties such as electron and muon numbers on the ground, as well as the arrival direction. Radio emission of nearly vertical cosmic ray air showers has been detected by LOPES. Results. LOPES-10 (the first phase of LOPES, consisting of 10 antennas) detected a significant number of cosmic ray air showers with a zenith angle larger than 50 ◦ , and many of these have very high radio field strengths. The most inclined event that has been detected with LOPES-10 has a zenith angle of almost 80 ◦ . This is proof that the new technique is also applicable for cosmic ray air showers with high inclinations, which in the case that they are initiated close to the ground, can be a signature of neutrino events. Conclusions. Our results indicate that arrays of simple radio antennas can be used for the detection of highly inclined air showers, which might be triggered by neutrinos. In addition, we found that the radio pulse height (normalized with the muon number) for highly inclined events increases with the geomagnetic angle, which confirms the geomagnetic origin of radio emission in cosmic ray air showers.
Field-Induced Commensurate-Incommensurate Phase Transition in a Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya Spiral Antiferromagnet

We report an observation of a commensurate-incommensurate phase transition in a Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya spiral magnet Ba_2CuGe_2O_7. The transition is induced by applying a magnetic field in the plane of spin rotation. In this experiment we have direct control over the strength of the commensurate potential, while the preferred incommensurate period of the spin system remains unchanged. Experimental results for the period of the soliton lattice and bulk magnetization as a function of external magnetic field are in quantitative agreement with theory.
Monitoring Colonies of Large Gulls Using UAVs: From Individuals to Breeding Pairs

Measuring success or failure in the conservation of seabirds depends on reliable long-term monitoring. Traditionally, this monitoring has been based on line transects and total or point counts, all of which are sensitive to subjective interpretation. Such methods have proven to consistently record fewer individuals than intensive efforts, while requiring many hours of fieldwork and resulting in high disturbance. New technologies, such as drones, are potentially useful monitoring tools, as they can cover large areas in a short time, while providing high-resolution data about bird numbers and status. This study conducted two types of Uncrewed Aerial Vehicle (UAV) surveys in a big colony of multispecies breeding gulls. From a 25 m height, we photographed 30 circle plots where nests were also counted on the ground, showing that the number of occupied nests/breeding pairs could be estimated accurately by multiplying the number of counted individuals with a 0.7 conversion factor. A fixed-wing UAV was used to photograph the entire island to compare drone counts with counts conducted by traditional methods, were we counted a higher number of breeding pairs than the traditional count (1.7–2.2 times more individuals). It was concluded that UAVs provided improved estimates of colony size with much reduced monitoring effort.
Knockdown of CLAUDIN-6 Inhibited Apoptosis and Induced Proliferation of Bovine Cumulus Cells

This study aims to investigate the effects of CLAUDIN-6 (CLDN6) on cell apoptosis and proliferation of bovine cumulus cells (CCs). Immunofluorescence staining was used to localize CLDN6 protein in CCs. Three pairs of siRNA targeting CLDN6 and one pair of siRNA universal negative sequence as control were transfected into bovine CCs. Then, the effective siRNA was screened by real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) and Western blotting. The mRNA expression levels of apoptosis related genes (CASPASE-3, BAX and BCL-2) and proliferation related genes (PCNA, CDC42 and CCND2) were evaluated by RT-qPCR in CCs with CLDN6 knockdown. Cell proliferation, apoptosis and cell cycle were detected by flow cytometry with CCK-8 staining, Annexin V-FITC staining and propidium iodide staining, respectively. Results showed that the CLDN6 gene was expressed in bovine CCs and the protein was localized in cell membranes and cytoplasms. After CLDN6 was knocked down in CCs, the cell apoptosis rate significantly decreased and the pro-apoptotic genes BAX and CASPASE-3 were down-regulated significantly, whereas the anti-apoptotic gene BCL-2 was markedly up-regulated (p < 0.05). Additionally, CLDN6 knockdown significantly enhanced cell proliferation of CCs at 72 h after siRNA transfection. The mRNA levels of proliferation-related genes PCNA, CCND2 and CDC42 increased obviously in CCs with CLDN6 knockdown (p < 0.05). After CLDN6 was down-regulated, the percentage of CCs at S phase was significantly increased (p < 0.05). However, there was no remarkable difference in the percentages of cells at the G0/G1 phase and G2/M phase between CCs with or without CLDN6 knockdown (p > 0.05). Therefore, the expression of CLDN6 and its effects on cell proliferation, apoptosis and cell cycle of bovine CCs were first studied. CLDN6 low expression inhibited cell apoptosis, induced cell proliferation and cell cycle arrest of bovine CCs.
Current Applications of Plant-Based Drug Delivery Nano Systems for Leishmaniasis Treatment

Leishmania is a trypanosomatid that causes leishmaniasis. It is transmitted to vertebrate hosts during the blood meal of phlebotomine sandflies. The clinical manifestations of the disease are associated with several factors, such as the Leishmania species, virulence and pathogenicity, the host–parasite relationship, and the host’s immune system. Although its causative agents have been known and studied for decades, there have been few advances in the chemotherapy of leishmaniasis. The urgency of more selective and less toxic alternatives for the treatment of leishmaniasis leads to research focused on the study of new pharmaceuticals, improvement of existing drugs, and new routes of drug administration. Natural resources of plant origin are promising sources of bioactive substances, and the use of ethnopharmacology and folk medicine leads to interest in studying new medications from phytocomplexes. However, the intrinsic low water solubility of plant derivatives is an obstacle to developing a therapeutic product. Nanotechnology could help overcome these obstacles by improving the availability of common substances in water. To contribute to this scenario, this article provides a review of nanocarriers developed for delivering plant-extracted compounds to treat clinical forms of leishmaniasis and critically analyzing them and pointing out the future perspectives for their application.
Intraoral Scanners for In Vivo 3D Imaging of the Gingiva and the Alveolar Process

This study aimed to assess the reliability of two intraoral surface scanners for the representation of the alveolar process in vivo. Complete maxillary scans (CS 3600, Carestream and TRIOS 3, 3Shape) were repeatedly obtained from 13 fully dentate individuals. Scanner precision and agreement were tested using 3D surface superimpositions on the following reference areas: the buccal front teeth area, the entire dental arch, the entire alveolar process, or single teeth by applying an iterative closest point algorithm. Following each superimposition, the mean absolute distance (MAD) between predefined 3D model surfaces was calculated. Outcomes were analyzed through non-parametric statistics and the visualization of color-coded distance maps. When superimpositions were performed on the alveolar process, the median scanner precision was below 0.05 mm, with statistically significant but negligible differences between scanners. The agreement between the scanners was approximately 0.06 mm. When single-tooth superimpositions were used to assess the precision of adjacent alveolar soft-tissue surfaces, the median error was 0.028 mm, and there was higher agreement between the scanners. The in vivo reliability of the intraoral scanners in the alveolar surface area was high overall. Single-tooth superimpositions should be preferred for the optimal assessment of neighboring alveolar surface areas relative to the dentition.
KLT-like behaviour of inflationary graviton correlators

We use the spinor helicity formalism to study KLT-like relations for the inflationary graviton four-point correlation function. New features are observed in this correlation function compared to the graviton scattering amplitude in flat spacetime. After obtaining the general momentum dependence, collinear, squeezed and collapsed limits are considered to further study the features of the correlation function, and the relation to the corresponding flat space scattering amplitude.
THE DISCRETE GAUSS IMAGE PROBLEM

The Gauss Image problem is a generalization to the question originally posed by Aleksandrov, who studied the existence of the convex body with prescribed Aleksandrov’s integral curvature. A simple discrete case of the Gauss Image Problem can be formulated as follows: given a ﬁnite set of directions in R n and the same number of unit vectors, does there exist a convex polytope in R n containing the origin in its interior with vertices at given directions such that each normal cone at the vertex contains exactly one of the given vectors in its interior? We pose a combinatorial problem, called the Assignment Problem, for discrete measures. It is shown that the discrete Gauss Image Problem and the Assignment Problem are equivalent. We establish a geometric condition for measures which solves the Assignment Problem and, hence, the Gauss Image Problem. We also show that generically, the Assignment Problem has a solution. The proper reformulation for the uniqueness questions is also addressed and analyzed. The work establishes interesting connections of the Discrete Gauss Image problem to Hall’s marriage theorem and transportation polytopes.
Manipulating exchange bias using all-optical helicity-dependent switching

Deterministic all-optical control of magnetization without an applied magnetic field has been reported for various materials such as ferrimagnetic and ferromagnetic thin films, as well as granular recording media. Here we demonstrate optical control of the magnetic configuration of an antiferromagnetic layer through the exchange bias interaction using the helicity of a femtosecond pulsed laser on IrMn/[Co/Pt] xN antiferromagnetic/ferromagnetic heterostructures. We show that the magnitude and the sign of the exchange bias field can be deterministically controlled without any applied magnetic field, only by changing the helicity of the light, the laser fluence, or the number of light pulses. We also present the combined effects of laser pulses with an applied magnetic field. This study lays the foundation for the development of new applications based on spintronic devices where the exchange bias phenomenon is routinely used to pin the magnetization orientation of a magnetic layer in one direction.
Factors Influencing Breast Cancer Early Detection Behavior Using Breast Self–Examination

Background: Cancer is one of the problems in both developed and developing countries. Cancer is very dangerous because it causes death for the sufferer. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), 11.6% of women will experience breast cancer. Breast cancer is in the second position, after cervical cancer, which affects women worldwide. Based on the results of a survey conducted by Balitbangkes in 2019, cancer is the fifth leading cause of death in Indonesia. Research Aim: to determine the relationship between knowledge, attitude, and IEC (Information, Education, and Communication) on BSE (Breast Self – Examination) behavior at MTS Nahdhotul Muslimin, Suggestion: It is recommended that the UPTD of Karya Mukti public health center establish a health information and counseling center in schools so that it is easily accessible to the students, and conduct health counseling about breast self-examination in schools.
NGC 6791: A Probable Bulge Cluster without Multiple Populations

NGC 6791 is a unique stellar cluster, key to our understanding of both the multiple stellar population phenomenon and the evolution and assembly of the Galaxy. However, despite many investigations, its nature is still very controversial. Geisler et al. found evidence suggesting that it was the first open cluster to possess multiple populations, but several subsequent studies did not corroborate this. It has also been considered a member of the thin or thick disk or even the bulge, and either as an open or globular cluster or even the remnant of a dwarf galaxy. Here we present and discuss detailed abundances derived from high-resolution spectra obtained with UVES at VLT and HIRES at Keck of 17 evolved stars of this cluster. We obtained a mean [Fe/H] = +0.313 ± 0.005, in good agreement with recent estimates, and with no indication of star-to-star metallicity variation, as expected. We also did not find any variation in Na, in spite of having selected the very same stars as in Geisler et al., where an Na variation was claimed. This points to the presence of probable systematics in the lower-resolution spectra of this very high metallicity cluster analyzed in that work. In fact, we find no evidence for an intrinsic spread in any element, corroborating recent independent APOGEE data. The derived abundances indicate that NGC 6791 very likely formed in the Galactic bulge and that the proposed association with the thick disk is unlikely, despite its present Galactic location. We confirm the most recent hypothesis suggesting that the cluster could have formed in the bulge and radially migrated to its current location, which appears to be the best explanation for this intriguing object.
Emission-line diagnostics of nearby H ii regions including interacting binary populations

We present numerical models of the nebular emission from H II regions around young stellar populations over a range of compositions and ages. The synthetic stellar pop- ulations include both single stars and interacting binary stars. We compare these models to the observed emission lines of 254 HII regions of 13 nearby spiral galax- ies and 21 dwarf galaxies drawn from archival data. The models are created using the combination of the Binary Population and Spectral Synthesis (bpass) code with the photoionization code cloudy to study the differences caused by the inclusion of interacting binary stars in the stellar population. We obtain agreement with the observed emission line ratios from the nearby star-forming regions and discuss the effect of binary star evolution pathways on the nebular ionization of H II regions. We find that at population ages above 10 Myr, single-star models rapidly decrease in flux and ionization strength, while binary-star model still produce strong flux and high O III/H\b{eta} ratios. Our models can reproduce the metallicity of H II regions from spiral galaxies but we find higher metallicities than previously estimated for the H II regions from dwarf galaxies. Comparing the equivalent width of H\b{eta} emission between mod- els and observations, we find that accounting for ionizing photon leakage can affect age estimates for HII regions. When it is included, the typical age derived for HII regions is 5Myr from single-star models, and up to 10Myr with binary-star models. This is due to the existence of binary-star evolution pathways which produce more hot WR and helium stars at older ages. For future reference, we calculate new BPASS binary maximal starburst lines as a function of metallicity, and for the total model population, and present these in Appendix A.
A Robust Parallel Initialization Method for Monocular Visual-Inertial SLAM

In order to improve the initialization robustness of visual inertial SLAM, the complementarity of the optical flow method and the feature-based method can be used in vision data processing. The parallel initialization method is proposed, where the optical flow inertial initialization and the monocular feature-based initialization are carried out at the same time. After the initializations, the state estimation results are jointly optimized by bundle adjustment. The proposed method retains more mapping information, and correspondingly is more adaptable to the initialization scene. It is found that the initialization map constructed by the proposed method features a comparable accuracy to the one constructed by ORB-SLAM3 in monocular inertial mode. Since the online extrinsic parameter estimation can be realized by the proposed method, it is considered better than ORB-SLAM3 in the aspect of portability. By the experiments performed on the benchmark dataset EuRoC, the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed method are validated.
Supersymmetry solution for finitely extensible dumbbell model

Exact relaxation times and eigenfunctions for a simple mechanical model of polymer dynamics are obtained using supersymmetry methods of quantum mechanics. The model includes the finite extensibility of the molecule and does not make use of the self- consistently averaging approximation. The finite extensibility reduces the relaxation times when compared to a linear force. The linear viscoelastic behaviour is obtained in the form of the "generalized Maxwell model". Using these results, a numerical integration scheme is proposed in the presence of a given flow kinematics.
Observational clinical study of indications and outcome of re-exploration laparotomy in 50 patients

Background: Abdominal surgery that has to be re-done in association with initial surgery (Index surgery), within 60 days of initial surgery, is referred to as re-laparotomy. Redolaparotomies are called, on demand, if laparotomy has to be re-done because of patient condition and planned, if the second laparotomy is decided upon during the course of first surgery itself. Re-laparotomy is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. To find out incidence, indications, morbidity and mortality of re-laparotomy.Methods: This is a retrospective observational study of 50 cases of re-exploratory laparotomy from 2018 to 2020 done at tertiary care teaching hospital of South Gujarat.Results: In this study, majority of cases (56%) were seen in the 21-50 age group; males (37) more than females (13) with 3:1 ratio. Index operation was done in emergency in 78% (n=39) and planned in 22% (n=11) of patients. In our study mean duration between 2 laparotomies was 8 days with range of 3-20 days. It is also observed that mean duration of hospital stay among the discharged patients is 30 days with range of 15-60 days. In this study, mortality was 16% (n=8), out of which 5 patients were having co-morbidity. Out of 50 patients 34 (68%) developed local or systemic post-operative complications.Conclusions: The need for re-laparotomy supersedes risks of severe morbidities and high mortality in view of worsening clinical status of the patient.
GEMS: The Size Evolution of Disk Galaxies

We combine HST imaging from the GEMS 1 survey with photometric redshifts from COMBO-17 to explore the evolution of disk-dominated galaxies since z . 1 . 1. The sample is comprised of all GEMS galaxies with S´ersic indices n < 2 . 5, derived from ﬁts to the galaxy images. We account fully for selection eﬀects through careful analysis of image simulations; we are limited by the depth of the redshift and HST data to the study of galaxies with M V . − 20, or equivalently log ( M / M ⊙ ) & 10. We ﬁnd strong evolution in the magnitude–size scaling relation for galaxies with M V . − 20, corresponding to a brightening of ∼ 1 mag arcsec − 2 in rest-frame V -band by z ∼ 1. Yet, disks at a given absolute magnitude are bluer and have lower stellar mass-to-light ratios at z ∼ 1 than at the present day. As a result, our ﬁndings indicate weak or no evolution in the relation between stellar mass and eﬀective disk size for galaxies with log ( M / M ⊙ ) & 10 over the same time interval. This is strongly inconsistent with the most naive theoretical expectation, in which disk size scales in proportion to the halo virial radius, which would predict that disks are a factor of two denser at ﬁxed mass at z ∼ 1. The lack of evolution in the stellar mass–size relation is consistent with an “inside-out” growth of galaxy disks on average (galaxies increasing in size as they grow more massive), although we cannot rule out more complex evolutionary scenarios.