Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Adding typology to lexicostatistics: A combined approach to language classification

Abstract The ASJP project aims at establishing relationships between languages on the basis of the Swadesh word list. For this purpose, lists have been collected and phonologically transcribed for almost 3,500 languages. Using a method based on the algorithm proposed by Levenshtein (Cybernetics and Control Theory 10: 707–710, 1966), a custom-made computer program calculates the distances between all pairs of languages in the database. Standard software is used to express the relationships between languages graphically. The current article compares the results of our lexicon-based approach with the results of a similar exercise that takes the typological variables contained in the WALS database as a point of departure. We establish that the latter approach leads to even better results than the lexicon-based one. The best result in terms of correspondence with some well-established genetic and areal classifications, however, is attained when the lexical and typological methods are combined, especially if we select both the most stable Swadesh items and the most stable WALS variables.
Microphysical Structure and Evolution of a Central Sierra Nevada Orographic Cloud System

Abstract This paper describes complex microphysical interactions observed within an orographic cloud system over the central Sierra Nevada of California. Measurements of the physical structure and microphysical characteristics of this cloud system were made during the Sierra Cooperative Pilot Project (SCPP) with a 5-cm scanning radar, an instrumented aircraft, two rawinsonde stations, and a network of precipitation gauges across the mountain. The cloud system extended 130 km upwind of the Sierra Nevada crestline, was 4 km deep, had a base temperature of +5°C, and a top temperature of approximately −15°C. Cloud droplets rising from cloud base grew to sizes >50 μm and first encountered dendritic ice particles descending from cloud top over the middle elevations of the Sierra Nevada. Within this region, rapid removal of the large droplets by riming occurred, and secondary ice-crystal production due to rime splintering was observed. Needles produced by secondary ice-particle production were incorporated into .
Prevalence and Mortality of Infective Endocarditis in Community-Acquired and Healthcare-Associated Staphylococcus aureus Bacteremia: A Danish Nationwide Registry-Based Cohort Study

Abstract Background Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia (SAB) can be community-acquired or healthcare-associated, and prior small studies have suggested that this mode of acquisition impacts the subsequent prevalence of infective endocarditis (IE) and patient outcomes. Methods First-time SAB was identified from 2010 to 2018 using Danish nationwide registries and categorized into community-acquired (no healthcare contact within 30 days) or healthcare-associated (SAB >48 hours of hospital admission, hospitalization within 30 days, or outpatient hemodialysis). Prevalence of IE (defined from hospital codes) was compared between groups using multivariable adjusted logistic regression analysis. One-year mortality of S aureus IE (SAIE) was compared between groups using multivariable adjusted Cox proportional hazard analysis. Results We identified 5549 patients with community-acquired SAB and 7491 with healthcare-associated SAB. The prevalence of IE was 12.1% for community-acquired and 6.6% for healthcare-associated SAB. Community-acquired SAB was associated with a higher odds of IE as compared with healthcare-associated SAB (odds ratio, 2.12 [95% confidence interval {CI}, 1.86–2.41]). No difference in mortality was observed with 0–40 days of follow-up for community-acquired SAIE as compared with healthcare-associated SAIE (HR, 1.07 [95% CI, .83–1.37]), while with 41–365 days of follow-up, community-acquired SAIE was associated with a lower mortality (HR, 0.71 [95% CI, .53–.95]). Conclusions Community-acquired SAB was associated with twice the odds for IE, as compared with healthcare-associated SAB. We identified no significant difference in short-term mortality between community-acquired and healthcare-associated SAIE. Beyond 40 days of survival, community-acquired SAIE was associated with a lower mortality.
Normal degenerations of the complex projective plane.

Albeit this investigation is interesting for its own sake, there are also applications to other problems in algebraic geometry. For example, Catanese [Ca] uses normal degenerations of P x P in order to study the Zariski closure of some open subsets of moduli spaces of certain surfaces S of general type. We also believe that the study of normal degenerations can be applied to the classification of normal surfaces. We actually give here a result in this direction.
High‐frequency bottom backscattering: Roughness versus sediment volume scattering

High‐frequency bottom acoustic and geoacoustic data from three well‐characterized sites of different bottom composition are compared with scattering models in order to clarify the roles played by interface roughness and sediment volume inhomogeneities. Model fits to backscattering data from two silty sites lead to the conclusion that scattering from volume inhomogeneities was primarily responsible for the observed backscattering. In contrast, measured bottom roughness was sufficient to explain the backscattering seen at a sandy site. Although the sandy site had directional ripples, the model and data agree in their lack of anisotropy.
Turbulence and random processes in fluid mechanics

The main aim of this book is to give its readers a background in fluid flow turbulence and related areas that will enable them to follow the literature of the subject and understand current research results. The authors stress fundamental concepts and basic methods and approaches, while attempting to introduce some recent ideas they believe will prove important to future work in turbulence. This book departs from conventional treatments of the subject as it stresses the dynamics of processes that participate in creating and maintaining turbulent flows, including stability, wave motion, and coherent structures. Although not covered in detail, the standard equilibrium turbulent flows, such as channel flow, boundary layers, and convection between two parallel plates are also described.
Talbot-carpets of periodic and quasi-periodic close-packed 2D mask structures calculated by a modified chirp-z-algorithm

In this contribution we simulate theoretically the resulting 3D Talbot-carpets of different initial close-packed 2D mask structures. Especially, we investigate the transition from regular periodic to quasi-periodic tessellations. For the pure periodic mask structure a hexagonally tessellation was selected. The calculated field distribution adjacent to the mask still shows a lateral six-fold symmetry but also a rather complex characteristics in the propagation direction. In particular, the appearance and the repetition of self-imaging planes deviate significantly from the classical Talbot-effect. For the quasi-periodic tessellation a Penrose tapestry based on rhombus pairs was chosen. A pronounced lateral fivefold symmetry becomes visible in the field distribution. In the propagation direction dominant planes with increased intensity are observed clearly, but, instead of a simple periodicity, a complex behavior becomes obvious. The numerical algorithm used in our simulations is based on a modified angular spectrum method, in which Bluestein's fast Fourier (FFT) algorithm is applied. This approach allows to decouple the sampling points in the real space and in the spatial frequency domain so that both parameter can be chosen independently. The introduced fast and flexible algorithm requires a minimized number of numerical steps and a minimal computation time, but still offers high accuracy.
RSSI Map-Based Trajectory Design for UGV Against Malicious Radio Source: A Reinforcement Learning Approach

Trajectory design is of great significance for the intelligent Unmanned Ground Vehicle (UGV) when performing various ground tasks. Though obstacle avoidance, speed control and other movement issues in the UGV navigation have been considered by the current research, the UGV path planning against malicious radio source is off the beaten path. To address such a research gap, we propose a reinforcement learning-based scheme to design UGV trajectory against malicious radio source as well as minimize the movement cost. Firstly, the malicious radio source detection and localization models are introduced after the Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) map establishment. Then, the RSSI Map-based UGV trajectory design problem is formulated, where the movement cost and security risk are both concerned. To solve the formed problem, we propose a reinforcement learning-based trajectory design scheme, whose complexities are analyzed in detail. Finally, experiments are conducted under various parameter settings, where the simulation results evaluate the correctness and effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.
Immunogenicity of Catch-Up Immunization with Conventional Inactivated Polio Vaccine among Japanese Adults

Most Japanese adults are vaccinated twice with the Sabin trivalent oral polio vaccine. Booster vaccination is recommended for Japanese travelers to polio-endemic/high-risk countries. We assessed the catch-up immunization of healthy Japanese adults aged ≥20 years with two doses of standalone conventional inactivated polio vaccine (cIPV). Immunogenicity was evaluated by serum neutralization titers (pre-booster vaccination, 4–6 weeks after each vaccination) against type 1, 2, and 3 poliovirus strains. The participants were 61 healthy Japanese adults (26 men/35 women; mean age ± standard deviation age 35.8 ± 8.0 years). Seropositivity rates (percentage of participants with anti-poliovirus antibody titers ≥1:8) pre-vaccination were 88.5%, 95.1%, and 52.5% for Sabin strains (type 1, 2, and 3); 72.1%, 93.4%, and 31.1% for virulent poliovirus strains (type 1: Mahoney; type 2: MEF-1; and type 3: Saukett); and 93.4%, 93.4%, 93.4%, and 88.5% for type 2 vaccine-derived poliovirus strains (SV3128, SV3130, 11,196, and 11,198). After one cIPV dose, all seropositivity rates increased to 98.4–100.0%. After two cIPV doses, the seropositivity rates reached 100% for all strains. cIPV was well tolerated, with no safety concerns. Catch-up immunization with standalone cIPV induced robust immune responses in Japanese adults, indicating that one booster dose boosted serum-neutralizing antibodies to many strains.
Closure of field‐aligned currents carried by super‐Alfvénic auroral electrons

A linear analysis is carried out to investigate how the return current is generated for the field-aligned current carried by a super-Alfvenic auroral electron beam. If the electron beam is a thin sheet with thickness less than or equal to the electron inertia length (L {approx lt} c/{omega}{sub pe}), the negative space charge of the beam is neutralized by the ion polarization current produced by the beam. The return current in this case is generated on the two outsides of the beam connected to the polarization current to form a closed current loop. This current structure can explain the thin (a few kilometers) current sheets in the auroral arcs observed by satellites. The current in the thin electron beam propagates at the beam speed which is super-Alfvenic. If the beam width is much greater than the electron inertia length, the polarization current is not enough to neutralize the negative space charge of the super-Alfvenic beam, so that the beam current must be neutralized by the background electrons.
Equivalent Circuit for Coaxial Discontinuities Filled With Dielectric Materials - Frequency Extension of the Marcuvitz's Circuit

An equivalent circuit for coaxial discontinuities is presented and discussed. The cell used is a circular waveguide filled with a dielectric material measured in reflection/transmission. The circuit is obtained by using two well known methods: the Marcuvitz's circuit for a cell measured in reflection and an analytical resolution using the mode-matching method. The interest of the new circuit is that it has wider frequency and geometrical ranges than the Marcuvitz's circuit and is much simpler than the mode-matching method. Using this circuit, complex permittivity can be calculated from measurements of the S-parameters (S11 and S21). Experimental results are presented up to 18 GHz. Frequency and geometrical ranges of validity are also discussed.
UNCERTAINTY EVALUATION VIA FUZZY ENTROPY FOR MULTIPLE FACTS

The fuzzy entropy designed for multiple facts selection has been carried out in this work. The entropy for the fuzzy data with respect to a specified fact is designed through a distance measure method. The obtained fuzzy entropy is then applied for the selection from multiple facts. From the relevant fuzzy entropy, it is concluded that data uncertainty information is limited by the total fact of n-1. The bounded calculation of data uncertainty to each fact is proven for multiple facts, and the decision of fuzzy data to the certain fact among multiple facts has been considered with the assistance of fuzzy entropy calculation. To cite this document: Sanghyuk Lee and T.O. Ting, "Uncertainty evaluation via fuzzy entropy for multiple facts", International Journal of Electronic Commerce Studies, Vol.4, No.2, pp. 313-322, 2013. Permanent link to this document: http://dx.doi. org/10.7903/ijecs.1124
Skeletal ontogeny of the Plainfin Midshipman, Porichthys notatus (Percomorphacea: Batrachoidiformes)

Batrachoidiformes are benthic fishes that utilize the undersides of rocks as spawning nests. Their larvae are attached to the nest and nourished by a large yolk sac. The evolutionary shift from feeding, free‐swimming larvae to sedentary larvae that are reliant on their yolk sac for nutrition can lead to changes in skeletal development. Batrachoidiformes also have many morphological specializations, such as five pectoral‐fin radials (versus four in other acanthomorphs) that are of uncertain homology, the determination of which may have phylogenetic implications. A larval series of Porichthys notatus was collected and its skeletal ontogeny is described. In P. notatus the ossification of the pharyngeal toothplates occurs relatively later than in percomorphs with free‐swimming larvae. The posterior basibranchial copula cartilage (= fourth basibranchial) in Porichthys notatus has a unique development among fishes: it initially develops as a paired element at 6.8–7.1 mm NL before fusing posteriorly and forming single median cartilage at 7.4 mm SL. Cartilages of hypobranchial four are transitory, being observed in two specimens of 6.8 and 7.3 mm NL before fusing with ceratobranchial four. The previously identified dorsalmost pectoral radial is a bone formed by a hypertrophied propterygium that ossifies later in development. The earliest stages of P. notatus have three dorsal spines, but during late larval development, the growth of the third dorsal spine is interrupted. The development of P. notatus is compared and discussed in context to that of other acanthomorph.
Beliefs and acceptance of covid-19 vaccination among nursing students: a cross-sectional study

Introduction: COVID-19 is a disease that causes severe respiratory infections and has spread to various countries around the world, including Indonesia. The Indonesian government has made efforts to curb the spread of COVID-19 through vaccination. However, public acceptance of the vaccine varies among Indonesians related to COVID-19 vaccination beliefs. The purpose of this study was to assess the relationship between beliefs and acceptance levels of Covid-19 vaccination among nursing students. Methods: This research used correlation analysis with a cross-sectional study involving 145 nursing students which selected by simple random sampling. This study used self-administered questionnaire to measure beliefs and acceptance of COVID-19 vaccination. Data were analyzed by Pearson’s Product Moment. Results: The result showed that there is a high correlation between beliefs and acceptance of COVID-19 vaccination among nursing students with p value=0,000 and r=0,876. Conclusion: Beliefs is one of the factors that influenced the acceptance of vaccination COVID-19 among nursing students, which can be used as a basis for providing future health education.
Optimal delivery of aerosolized medication to mechanically ventilated pediatric and neonatal patients: A scoping review

Objectives Delivering aerosolized medication to patients during mechanical ventilation is a common practice in respiratory therapy for adult, pediatric, and neonatal populations. However, aerosol delivery in pediatric populations is inconsistent and challenging, impacting how the drug is delivered. Some factors that influence drug delivery efficiency are directly under the purview of the clinician or therapist administering the drugs. However, excessive variability exists amongst clinicians and therapists working at the same site and between different sites. This review aims to systematically summarize the literature to identify current practice variations, identify common practices, and provide suggestions to guide future research in this area. In addition, this scoping review aims to identify the available evidence and knowledge gaps in the literature regarding the delivery of aerosolized medication to pediatric populations during mechanical ventilation. More specifically, the question that guided our research was: What are the best strategies for optimizing aerosol delivery of medication to pediatric patients, including neonates, while on mechanical ventilation? Methods A scoping review, using the Joanna Briggs Institute methodology, was conducted until September 2022 in the CINAHL, EMBASE (Ovid), and Medline (Ovid) databases. Our initial search yielded 248 articles. After screening the titles, abstracts, and full text of the articles according to inclusion and exclusion criteria, five articles were analyzed. Results We identified three main topics for discussion: the type of device used for administering aerosolized medication, appropriate mechanical ventilation settings, and optimal placement of the nebulizer delivery system. Conclusion Of the three topics we intended to discuss, we only found enough evidence to suggest using mesh nebulizers to increase aerosol deposition. We found conflicting or outdated results for the other two topics. This demonstrates a significant gap in the literature since aerosol medications are routinely administered to mechanically ventilated neonatal and other pediatric patients.
Answering Clinical Questions Using Machine Learning: Should We Look at Diastolic Blood Pressure When Tailoring Blood Pressure Control?

Abstract Background: The guidelines recommend intensive blood pressure control. Randomized trials have focused on the relevance of the systolic blood pressure (SBP) lowering, leaving the safety of the diastolic blood pressure (DBP) reduction unresolved. There are data available which show that low DBP should not stop clinicians from achieving SBP targets; however, registries and analyses of randomized trials present conflicting results. The purpose of the study was to apply machine learning (ML) algorithms to determine, whether DBP is an important risk factor to predict stroke, heart failure (HF), myocardial infarction (MI), and primary outcome in the SPRINT trial database. Methods: ML experiments were performed using decision tree, random forest, k-nearest neighbor, naive Bayesian, multi-layer perceptron, and logistic regression algorithms, including and excluding DBP as the risk factor in an unselected and selected (DBP < 70 mmHg) study population. Results: Including DBP as the risk factor did not change the performance of the machine learning models evaluated using accuracy, AUC, mean, and weighted F-measure, and was not required to make proper predictions of stroke, MI, HF, and primary outcome. Conclusions: Analyses of the SPRINT trial data using ML algorithms imply that DBP should not be treated as an independent risk factor when intensifying blood pressure control.
Optical absorbance measurements and photoacoustic evaluation of freeze-thawed polyvinyl-alcohol vessel phantoms

Multispectral photoacoustic (MPA) imaging is a promising tool for the diagnosis of atherosclerotic carotids. Excitation of different constituents of a plaque with different wavelengths of the light may provide morphological information to evaluate plaque vulnerability. Preclinical validation of in vivo photoacoustic (PA) imaging requires a comprehensive phantom study. In this study, the design of optically realistic vessel phantoms for photoacoustics was examined by characterizing their optical properties for different dye concentrations, and comparing those to PA measurements. Four different concentrations of Indian ink and molecular dye were added to a 15 wt% PVA and 1 wt% orgasol mixture. Next, the homogeneously mixed gels were subjected to five freeze - thaw cycles to increase the stiffness of vessel phantoms (rinner = 2:5mm, router = 4mm). For each cycle, the optical absorbance was measured between 400 nm 990 nm using a plate reader. Additionally, photoacoustic responses of each vessel phantom at 808 nm were tested with a novel, hand-held, integrated PA probe. Measurements show that the PA signal intensity increases with the optical absorber concentration (0.3 to 0.9) in close agreement with the absorbance measurements. The freeze - thaw process has no significant effect on PA intensity. However, the total attenuation of optical energy increases after each freeze-thaw cycle, which is primarily due to the increase in the scattering coefficient. In future work, the complexity of these phantoms will be increased to examine the feasibility of distinguishing different constituents with MPA imaging.
Entropy, pressure, and chemical potential of multiple chain systems from computer simulation. I. Application of the scanning method

Using the scanning simulation method we study a system of many chains with excluded volume contained in a ‘‘box’’ on a square lattice. With this method an initially empty box is filled with the chains monomers step by step with the help of transition probabilities. The probability of construction, P of the whole system is the product of the transition probabilities used and hence the entropy S is known, (S∼ln P). Thus the pressure and the chemical potential can be calculated with high accuracy directly from the entropy using standard thermodynamic relations. In principle, all these quantities can be obtained from a single sample without the need to carry out any thermodynamic integration. Various alternatives for performing the scanning construction are discussed and their efficiency is examined. This is important due to the fact that for lattice polymer models the scanning method is ergodic (unlike some dynamical Monte Carlo techniques). The computer simulation results are compared to the approximate the.
Uncertainty of AR spectral estimates

The statistical uncertainty of autoregressive (AR) model heart rate (HR) power spectra was investigated. HR time series, obtained from 9 subjects in supine and standing positions, were fit to AR models by least squares minimization via singular value decomposition (SVD). AR spectral uncertainty due to inexact parameter estimation was assessed in a Monte Carlo study. For each of 50000 spectral realizations, all AR parameters were varied randomly within 1 standard deviation of their SVD estimated values. Histogram techniques were used to evaluate the resulting distribution of spectral estimates. It was determined that the uncertainty of HR AR spectral estimates can be quite high, especially at the locations of spectral peaks. Thus, AR spectra may be unreliable and assigning physiological origins to specific spectral features may be inappropriate. <<ETX>>