Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Usefulness of the Veterans Health Administration COVID-19 (VACO) Index for Predicting Short-Term Mortality among Patients of the COLOS Study

Advanced age is known to be a predictor with COVID-19 severity. Understanding of other disease progression factors may shorten the time from patient admission to applied treatment. The Veterans Health Administration COVID-19 (VACO index) was assumed to additionally anticipate clinical results of patients hospitalized with a proven infection caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Methods: The medical records of 2183 hospitalized patients were retrospectively analyzed. Patients were divided into four risk-of-death categories: low risk, medium risk, high-risk, and extreme risk depending on their VACO index calculation. Results: Significant differences in the mortality at the hospital after three months of discharge and six months after discharge were noticed. For the patients in the extreme-risk group, mortality reached 37.42%, 62.81%, and 78.44% for in-hospital, three months of discharge, and six months of discharge, respectively. The mortality marked as high risk reached 20.38%, 37.19%, and 58.77%. Moreover, the secondary outcomes analysis acknowledged that patients classified as extreme risk were more likely to suffer from cardiogenic shock, myocardial infarction, myocardial injury, stroke, pneumonia, acute kidney injury, and acute liver dysfunction. Patients at moderate risk were more often admitted to ICU when compared to other patients. Conclusions: The usage of the VACO index, combined with an appropriate well-defined medical interview and past medical history, tends to be a helpful instrument in order to predict short-term mortality and disease progression based on previous medical records.
Extension to the North Atlantic oscillation using early instrumental pressure observations from Gibraltar and south‐west Iceland

Early instrumental pressure measurements from Gibraltar and the Reykjavik area of Iceland have been used to extend to 1821 the homogeneous pressure series at the two locations In winter the two sites are located close to the centres of action that comprise the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO). The extended 'winter half-year' record of the NAO enables recent changes in the record to be placed in the context of the period 1823-1996 The period since the early 1970s is the most prolonged positive phase of the oscillation and the late 1980s and early 1990s is the period with the highest values (strongest westerlies) The winter of 1995-1996 marked a dramatic switch in the index, with the change from 1994-1995 being the greatest change recorded from one year to the next since the series began in 1923. (The extended Gibraltar and Reykjavik monthly pressures and the NAO series can be found on the Climatic Research Unit home page. www.cru. uea-ac.uk.
Weak thermal convection within tilted plume conduits

Shear from flow in the mantle tilts the conduits of mantle plumes. The density stratification at the top of the plume conduit is then unstable in cross section with cold material over hot. This stratification drives cross‐stream convection. Such convection including the Stokes' law rise of the plume conduit through the ambient mantle readily mixes isoviscous thermal plumes with their surroundings. Laboratory experiments by Kerr and Mériaux (2004) indicate that cross‐stream convection is weak within plumes with strongly temperature‐dependent viscosity and significant ∼56 viscosity contrasts. Analogy with stagnant‐lid convection provides scaling relationships with a Rayleigh number for cross‐stream convection within tilted plume conduits. Only material within a factor of a few e of the central viscosity of the plume convects significantly. The scaling analysis shows that the laboratory experiments by Kerr and Mériaux (2004) had the proper parameter range for the Hawaiian plume. The petrological conclusion that the plume conduit has been only mildly stirred by cross‐stream convection is reasonable. Cross‐stream convection is less likely for low‐flux plumes, like Galapagos, than high‐flux plumes and plumes in the deep mantle compared with those in the upper mantle.
Upper Plate Faults May Contribute to the Paleoseismic Subsidence Record Along the Central Hikurangi Subduction Zone, Aotearoa New Zealand

Earthquake‐driven subsidence can cause cascading hazards at the coast by exacerbating relative sea level rise, storm surges, tsunami, and tidal flooding. At Ahuriri Lagoon near Napier, Aotearoa New Zealand, paleoseismic uplift and subsidence are typically attributed to upper plate faults and subduction interface earthquakes, respectively. We test this assumption with elastic dislocation models of upper plate and subduction interface earthquakes informed by historical events, seismic surveys, and modern interface coupling data. We compared our surface deformation results to paleoseismic records preserved at Ahuriri Lagoon, which includes eight rapid subsidence (c. 0.5–1.2 m) and two rapid uplift events over the last c. 7 kyr. Our models demonstrate that offshore upper plate faults could cause subsidence of c. 0.5–1 m at Ahuriri Lagoon at recurrence intervals of c. 2 kyr. A range of subduction interface earthquakes can also produce subsidence at Ahuriri Lagoon, and may explain larger (>1 m) subsidence, but must rupture the currently creeping (i.e., aseismic) portions of the interface. We demonstrate that both upper plate fault and subduction interface earthquakes may have contributed to the Ahuriri Lagoon records, and that interface coupling may be more spatially or temporally heterogeneous than modern geodetic data suggest. Models of sea‐level rise and earthquake multi‐hazards that do not include the effects of upper plate faulting may mischaracterize risk at the coast.
Trends in Outcome of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation: 5000 Transplantations and 30 Years of Single-Center Experience

Simple Summary Despite several registry studies on the longitudinal outcomes of hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT), there is limited information on the major trends in HCT in developing countries. This single-center study evaluates the development of a large transplantation center over 30 years. The analysis includes 5185 transplantations and focuses on major trends in indications over time and changes in outcomes according to the underlying disease. The most significant improvements of survival after autoHCT were observed in Hodgkin’s disease (HR 0.1, 95% CI 0.1–0.3), multiple myeloma (HR 0.4, 95% CI 0.2–0.7) and solid tumors (HR 0.2, 95% CI 0.2–0.4). The most significant improvements in survival after alloHCT were observed for acute myeloid leukemia (HR 0.3, 95% CI 0.1–0.5), acute lymphoblastic leukemia (HR 0.2, 95% CI 0.1–0.5), Hodgkin’s disease (HR 0.1, 95% CI 0.0–0.4), non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas (HR 0.2, 95% CI 0.0–0.6), inborn diseases (HR 0.2, 95% CI 0.2–0.4) and acquired aplastic anemia (HR 0.3, 95% CI 0.2–0.8). Abstract In this single-center analysis, we evaluated the trends in 5185 hematopoietic cell transplantations performed between 1990 and 2022. The study group comprised 3237 allogeneic (alloHCT) and 1948 autologous (autoHCT) hematopoietic cell transplantations. In the multivariate analysis, there was an improvement in event-free-survival (EFS) after autoHCT (HR 0.6, 95% CI 0.4–0.7, p < 0.0001) due to reduced cumulative incidence of relapse in the last five years (56% in 2010–2014 vs. 38% in 2015–2022). An improvement in EFS after alloHCT over time was observed (HR 0.33, 95% CI 0.23–0.48, p < 0.0001), which was due to reduced non-relapse mortality. No difference in cumulative relapse incidence was observed over the last decade for allografted patients. Survival after autoHCT improved in Hodgkin’s disease (HR 0.1, 95% CI 0.1–0.3), multiple myeloma (HR 0.4, 95% CI 0.2–0.7) and solid tumors (HR 0.2, 95% CI 0.2–0.4), while after alloHCT, improvement was observed in acute myeloid leukemia (HR 0.3, 95% CI 0.1–0.5), acute lymphoblastic leukemia (HR 0.2, 95% CI 0.1–0.5), Hodgkin’s disease (HR 0.1, 95% CI 0.0–0.4), non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas and chronic lymphocytic leukemia (HR 0.2, 95% CI 0.0–0.6), inborn diseases (HR 0.2, 95% CI 0.2–0.4) and acquired aplastic anemia with matched related donors and matched unrelated donors (HR 0.3, 95% CI 0.2–0.8).
Comparing the migration of Eurasian Teal Anas crecca from two main wintering areas of Western Europe: A long‐term study from Essex, England, and the Camargue, France

MATTHIEU GUILLEMAIN1*, RICHARD HEARN2, ROY KING2, MICHEL GAUTHIER-CLERC3, GERALDINE SIMON3 and ALAIN CAIZERGUES4 1Office National de la Chasse et de la Faune Sauvage, CNERA Avifaune Migratrice, La Tour du Valat, Le Sambuc, 13200 Arles, France 2Wildfowl & Wetlands Trust, Slimbridge, Gloucester GL2 7BT, UK 3Centre de Recherche de la Tour du Valat, Le Sambuc, 13200 Arles, France 4Office National de la Chasse et de la Faune Sauvage, CNERA Avifaune Migratrice, 39 Bd. Albert Einstein, CS42355, 44323 Nantes,Cedex 3, France
Relative importance of dust inputs and aquatic biological production as sources of lake sediments in an oligotrophic lake in a semi‐arid area

The dustfall (DF) and mass sedimentation rate (MSR) in Lake Alchichica, Central Mexico, were studied from June 2006 to June 2008. DF ranged between 0·11–0·93 g m−2 d−1 in the warm and rainy season and 0·54–1·21 g m−2 d−1 in the cold and dry season. MSR varied from 0·52–2·40 g m−2 d−1 in the stratification season to 1·14–5·07 g m−2 d−1 in the circulation season. The timing of the highest fluxes of DF and MSR is most likely a product of several factors coinciding during the cold and dry season: (a) availability of dust sources and the presence of strong winds (>7·5 m s−1) in the DF case, and (b) the circulation period of the lake and the availability of nutrients in the MSR case. As expected, the DF in Alchichica was high and similar to that found in other arid and semi‐arid areas. However, the MSR was higher than that reported for other oligotrophic lakes. Particles captured in the aerial traps consisted mainly of detrital minerals; in contrast, particles found in the water traps were mostly biogenic and, to a lesser extent, detrital minerals. The MSR was one to seven times higher than the DF. In spite of the oligotrophic status of Lake Alchichica, the large size of the settled phytoplankton (autochthonous, waterborne) is what leads to the high MSR, which surpasses the DF (allochthonous, airborne) derived from whirlwinds originating in easily eroded terrains that are characteristic of arid/semi‐arid areas. Our results indicate that caution must be taken in considering that the DF amount measured through DF collectors located at the lake shore does actually represent the DF entering into the lake. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Victims of human trafficking and exploitation in the healthcare system: a retrospective study using a large multi-state dataset and ICD-10 codes

Trafficking and exploitation for sex or labor affects millions of persons worldwide. To improve healthcare for these patients, in late 2018 new ICD-10 medical diagnosis codes were implemented in the US. These 13 codes include diagnosis of adult and child sexual exploitation, adult and child labor exploitation, and history of exploitation. Here we report on a database search of a large US health insurer that contained approximately 47.1 million patients and 0.9 million provider organizations, not limited to large medical systems. We reported on any diagnosis with the new codes between 2018-09-01 and 2022-09-01. The dataset was found to contain 5,262 instances of the ICD-10 codes. Regression analysis of the codes found a 5.8% increase in the uptake of these codes per year, representing a decline relative to 6.7% annual increase in the data. The codes were used by 1,810 different providers (0.19% of total) for 2,793 patients. Of the patients, 1,248 were recently trafficked, while the remainder had a personal history of exploitation. Of the recent cases, 86% experienced sexual exploitation, 14% labor exploitation and 0.8% both types. These patients were predominantly female (83%) with a median age of 20 (interquartile range: 15–35). The patients were characterized by persistently high prevalence of mental health conditions (including anxiety: 21%, post-traumatic stress disorder: 20%, major depression: 18%), sexually-transmitted infections, and high utilization of the emergency department (ED). The patients’ first report of trafficking occurred most often outside of a hospital or emergency setting (55%), primarily during office and psychiatric visits.
A new calibration of seismic velocities, anisotropy, fabrics, and elastic moduli of amphibole‐rich rocks

A large portion of the middle to lower crust beneath the continents and oceanic island arcs consists of amphibolites dominated by hornblende and plagioclase. We have measured P and S wave velocities (Vp and Vs) and anisotropy of 17 amphibole‐rich rock samples containing 34–80 vol % amphibole at hydrostatic pressures (P) up to 650 MPa. Combined petrophysical and geochemical analyses provide a new calibration for mean density, average major element contents, mean Vp‐P and Vs‐P coefficients, intrinsic Vp and Vs anisotropy, Poisson's ratios, the logarithmic ratio Rs/p, and elastic moduli of amphibole‐rich rocks. The Vp values decrease with increasing SiO2 and Na2O + K2O contents but increase with increasing MgO and CaO contents. The maximum (≤0.38–0.40 km/s) and minimum S wave birefringence values occur generally in the propagation direction parallel to Y and normal to foliation, respectively. Amphibole plays a critical role in the formation of seismic anisotropy, whereas the presence of plagioclase, quartz, pyroxene, and garnet diminishes the anisotropy induced by amphibole crystallographic preferred orientations (CPOs). The CPO variations cause different anisotropy patterns illustrated in the Flinn diagram of Vp(X)/Vp(Y)‐Vp(Y)/Vp(Z) plots. The results make it possible to distinguish, in terms of seismic properties, the amphibolites from other categories of lithology such as granite‐granodiorite, diorite, gabbro‐diabase, felsic gneiss, mafic gneiss, eclogite, and peridotite within the Earth's crust. Hence, amphibole, aligned by dislocation creep, anisotropic growth, or rigid‐body rotation, is the most important contributor to the seismic anisotropy of the deep crust beneath the continents and oceanic island arcs, which contains rather little phyllosilicates such as mica or chlorite.
Extensive Green Roofs and Mosses: Reflections from a Pilot Study in Terra Alta, West Virginia

Abstract. Bryophytes are increasingly used in “green roofs” (especially in Europe), usually mixed with Sedum in prevegetated mats rolled onto roofs. In this paper, we briefly review the roof moss literature and also report our preliminary findings on voluntarily established roof moss communities near Terra Alta, West Virginia. We found 11 bryophyte species (including one liverwort) on four partly shaded roofs (differing in material, aspect, and pitch) that had apparently been relatively undisturbed for over 40 years. Species richness and composition varied considerably among roofs. The most frequent and abundant taxa were Hedwigia ciliata, Plagiomnium cuspidatum, Brachythecium laetum, and Platygyrium repens, each of which dominated a different roof. We suggest that Hedwigia merits further investigation as a candidate for extensive green roofs, based on drought-tolerance and a growth-form similar to that of Racomitrium -- which is used for green roofs in Japan. We hope that our review and preliminary data will encourage others to study roof mosses, which could potentially play an important role in the worldwide greening of cities.
Prosodic Analysis of Humor in Stand-up Comedy

The present study investigated the prosodic features employed by Trevor Noah to create humor in his stand-up comedy. The study used quantitative paradigms to frame the verbal narrative. The research employed, Prosodic Markers of Saliency in Humorous Narratives (Pickering et al., 2009) as theoretical framework for prosodic features. Firstly, the data was anatomized via systematic prosodic and cognitive incongruities between the jokes’ setup and the punch lines. Secondly, for each humorous narrative, a series of measurements including pitch, volume, and pause, as identified by Praat (6.1), were used as a framework to dig out the implicit and explicit factors that caused humor in stand-up acts. The data analysis showed that the orator employed a substantial pause before delivering his punch lines which created humor. The study concluded that prosody played a vital role in creating humor, which falls within the domain of linguistics. The study was significant as it contributed to research concerning narrative forms of jokes based on instrumental prosodic analysis. Further, the research might be conducted to analyze other paralinguistic markers of humor, such as the use of laughter and smile during the delivery of jokes in different Pakistani sitcoms and stand-up comedy, to enlarge the studies on humor’s scope.
RELATIVELY NEGATIVE δ13C RATIOS OF MESOZOOPLANKTON IN THE SUNDAYS RIVER ESTUARY, COMMENTS ON POTENTIAL CARBON SOURCES

Summary Mesozooplankton, submergent and fringing macrophytes and particles suspended in the water column in the Sundays River estuary South Africa were analyzed for δ13C isotope ratios. Highly negative values (−28.3‰ to −32.0‰) for the mesozooplankton species suggest the possibility of phytoplankton rather than detritus derived from macrophytes as carbon source.
A hemispheric mechanism for the atlantic multidecadal oscillation

Abstract The physical processes associated with the ∼70-yr period climate mode, known as the Atlantic multidecadal oscillation (AMO), are examined. Based on analyses of observational data, a deterministic mechanism relying on atmosphere–ocean–sea ice interactions is proposed for the AMO. Variations in the thermohaline circulation are reflected as uniform sea surface temperature anomalies in the North Atlantic. These anomalies are associated with a hemispheric wavenumber-1 sea level pressure (SLP) structure in the atmosphere that is amplified through atmosphere–ocean interactions in the North Pacific. The SLP pattern and its associated wind field affect the sea ice export through Fram Strait, the freshwater balance in the northern North Atlantic, and consequently the strength of the large-scale ocean circulation. It generates sea surface temperature anomalies with opposite signs in the North Atlantic and completes a negative feedback. The authors find that the time scale of the cycle is associated with the.
Serial Dependence in Perception.

Much evidence has shown that perception is biased towards previously presented similar stimuli, an effect recently termed serial dependence. Serial dependence affects nearly every aspect of perception, often causing gross perceptual distortions, especially for weak and ambiguous stimuli. Despite unwanted side-effects, empirical evidence and Bayesian modeling show that serial dependence acts to improve efficiency and is generally beneficial to the system. Consistent with models of predictive coding, the Bayesian priors of serial dependence are generated at high levels of cortical analysis, incorporating much perceptual experience, but feed back to lower sensory areas. These feedback loops may drive oscillations in the alpha range, linked strongly with serial dependence. The discovery of top-down predictive perceptual processes is not new, but the new, more quantitative approach characterizing serial dependence promises to lead to a deeper understanding of predictive perceptual processes and their underlying neural mechanisms. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Psychology, Volume 75 is January 2024. Please see http://www.annualreviews. org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.
The Medieval Metal Industry Was the Cradle of Modern Large-Scale Atmospheric Lead Pollution in Northern Europe

There is great concern for contamination of sensitive ecosystems in high latitudes by long-range transport of heavy metals and other pollutants derived from industrial areas in lower latitudes. Atmospheric pollution of heavy metals has a very long history, and since metals accumulate in the environment, understanding of present-day pollution conditions requires knowledge of past atmospheric deposition. We use analyses of lead concentrations and stable lead isotopes (206Pb/207Pb ratios) of annually laminated sediments from four lakes in northern Sweden (∼65° N) to provide a decadal record of atmospheric lead pollution for the last 3000 years. There is a clear signal in the sediments of airborne pollution from Greek and Roman cultures 2000 years ago, followed by a period of “clean” conditions 400−900 A.D. From 900 A.D. there was a conspicuous, permanent increase in atmospheric lead pollution fallout. The sediments reveal peaks in atmospheric lead pollution at 1200 and 1530 A.D. comparable to present-day lev.
Vector-Transmitted Flaviviruses: An Antiviral Molecules Overview

Flaviviruses cause numerous pathologies in humans across a broad clinical spectrum with potentially severe clinical manifestations, including hemorrhagic and neurological disorders. Among human flaviviruses, some viral proteins show high conservation and are good candidates as targets for drug design. From an epidemiological point of view, flaviviruses cause more than 400 million cases of infection worldwide each year. In particular, the Yellow Fever, dengue, West Nile, and Zika viruses have high morbidity and mortality—about an estimated 20,000 deaths per year. As they depend on human vectors, they have expanded their geographical range in recent years due to altered climatic and social conditions. Despite these epidemiological and clinical premises, there are limited antiviral treatments for these infections. In this review, we describe the major compounds that are currently under evaluation for the treatment of flavivirus infections and the challenges faced during clinical trials, outlining their mechanisms of action in order to present an overview of ongoing studies. According to our review, the absence of approved antivirals for flaviviruses led to in vitro and in vivo experiments aimed at identifying compounds that can interfere with one or more viral cycle steps. Still, the currently unavailability of approved antivirals poses a significant public health issue.
Comparing bacterial dynamics for the conversion of organics and humus components during manure composting from different sources

The study aimed to compare the differences in organic fractions transformation, humus components and bacterial community dynamics during manure composting from different sources, and to identify the key biotic and abiotic factors driving the humification process. Five types of manure [pig manure (PM), cow dung (CD), sheep manure (SM), chicken manure (CM), and duck manure (DM)] were used as raw materials for 30 days composting. The results showed the obvious difference of organic fractions decomposition with more cellulose degradation in CD and SM composting and more hemicellulose degradation in PM and CM composting. Composting of PM and CD contained significantly higher humus fractions than the other composts. Fluorescence spectra indicated that SM composting tended to form structurally stable humic acid fractions, while CM and DM tended to form structurally complex fulvic acid fractions. Pearson correlation analysis showed that humification process of composts in category A (PM, CD) with higher humification degree than category B (SM, CM, and DM) was positively correlated with lignin and hemicellulose degradation. Bioinformatics analysis found that Lysinibacillus promoted the degradation of hemicellulose and the conversion of fulvic to humic acid in the composts of category A, and in category B, Thermobifida, Lactobacillus, and Ureibacillus were key genera for humic acid formation. Network analysis indicated that bacterial interaction patterns had obvious differences in composting with different humus and humification levels.