Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
STUDY OF SENSORINEURAL HEARING LOSS IN PATIENTS OF HEAD AND NECK CANCERS AFTER RADIO-CHEMOTHERAPY

an unseen misery and its problems are quiet deep and complex. In the current treatment of head and neck cancers especially squamous carcinoma strategies for organ preservation using radiation therapy for head and neck been the main stay of treatment. In radiation ABSTRACT  Introduction: The multimodality approach in locally advanced squamous cell carcinoma of head and neck has been found to reduce the risk of local failure and improves survival. Radiation treatment strategies have not been adopted to protect the inner ear. Radiation damage can thus occur from the pharyngo-tympanic tube to the brain stem auditory pathway and therefore may cause hearing loss.  Materials and methods: A total of 100 Histopathologically proved Head and Neck cancer patients were selected, out of which 66 patients were subjected to radiotherapy and 34 patients were subjected to concomitant chemoradiation to study the occurrence of SNHL from oct2017 to jan2019.  Results: The sensorineural hearing loss was more in higher frequencies. A paired sample t-test was conducted to compare the hearing losses before and 6, 12 months after therapy and were found to be significant (p<0.05). It was found that hearing loss was persistent. The difference of proportions of hearing loss after RT and RT+CT (p<0.05) after 1 month were found to be significant.  Conclusion: As the radiation field descends down from nasopharynx effect on otological structures decreases. Both incidence and severity of hearing loss increased with time especially at high frequencies. Patients who received concomitant chemoradiation experienced greater sensorineural hearing loss compared with patients treated with radiotherapy alone.
Tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase expression is prominent in human 2 hepatocarcinoma cells, but is mostly restricted to pericytes in other human 3 tumors

42 Tryptophan catabolism is used by tumors to resist immune attack. It can be catalyzed by 43 indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO1) and tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase (TDO). IDO1 is 44 frequently expressed in tumors and has been widely studied as a potential therapeutic target 45 to reduce resistance to cancer immunotherapy. In contrast, TDO expression in tumors is not 46 well characterized. Several human tumor lines express enzymatically active TDO in a 47 constitutive manner. In human tumor samples, TDO expression so far has been detected by 48 transcriptomic studies, but the lack of validated antibodies has precluded detection of the TDO 49 protein and identification of TDO-expressing cells. Here we develop novel TDO-specific 50 monoclonal antibodies and confirm by immunohistochemistry the expression of TDO in the 51 majority of human tumors. In all hepatocarcinomas, and in a few other tumors, TDO is 52 expressed in tumor cells themselves. However, in the other tumors, TDO expression is 53 restricted to pericytes, identified by their expression of PDGFR b and their location in vascular 54 structures. These TDO-expressing pericytes belong to morphologically abnormal tumor 55 vessels and are found in high-grade tumors in the vicinity of necrotic or hemorrhagic areas, 56 which are characterized by neoangiogenesis. We observed similar TDO-expressing pericytes 57 in inflammatory pulmonary lesions containing granulation tissue, and in chorionic villi, two 58 tissue types that also feature neoangiogenesis, suggesting a role for TDO in this process. Our 59 results confirm TDO as a relevant immunotherapeutic target in hepatocellular carcinoma. In 60 other tumor types, it is unclear at this stage whether TDO-expressing pericytes contribute to 61 immunosuppression.
Comparative Yield Patterns for FCC Unit Riser and Downer

In the present work, a one dimensional heterogeneous two phase model of the adiabatic FCC reactor assuming a plug flow for both the solid and gaseous phases has been developed. The reaction kinetics of the cracking reactions are represented by four lump kinetic models. The hydrodynamics of the riser are considered, taking the slip factor into account. The model involves ordinary differential equations, which are solved in order to obtain the yield patterns and study the effect of process variables like input catalyst temperature, and catalyst oil ratio on the yield of gasoline. Additionally, a model is developed for the downer reactor using hydrodynamic modeling, mass and energy balances. The model developed is solved using Runge- Kutta IV order implemented in MATLAB® software V2016 and the differences in the axial profiles and gasoline yield as compared with the riser reactor are discussed.
Ultrasound in the diagnosis of cystic intra-abdominal lesions in children - a cross-sectional study from a tertiary care hospital in South India

Introduction: Pediatric abdominal cystic swellings are very common in clinical practice, with widely variable differential diagnoses. Demarcation of the organ of origin and possible nature of pathology is hence very essential. Objective: The objective of the study was to study the pattern of ultrasound diagnosed intra-abdominal cystic swellings in children and to evaluate the role of ultrasound as the primary imaging modality in these lesions. Materials and Methods: A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Radiodiagnosis, of a Medical College of Kerala, India. Study participants were children below 12 years presenting with intra-abdominal cystic swellings who underwent abdominal ultrasonography. Direct visualization at the time of surgery or histopathological diagnosis was the gold standard. Percentage of concordance between radiological findings and final diagnosis was calculated. Significance of ultra-sonological findings associated to malignancy was assessed using Chi-square test. Results: In this study, the most common organ of origin for the cysts was the kidney, and the most common diagnosis was hydronephrosis. In 62 out of the total of 65 cases, ultrasound was able to rightly predict the pathology as to benign or malignant, with an overall accuracy of 95.3%. It had a sensitivity of 71.4%, specificity of 96.6%, and positive predictive value of 83.3%, and negative predictive value of 98.2% in determining the benign or malignant nature of a cyst. Conclusions: Ultrasound was found to be highly accurate in ascertaining the organ of origin, and in predicting whether a cyst is benign or malignant.
Lithospheric Instability in Obliquely Convergent Margins: San Gabriel Mountains, S. California

Oblique convergence across the San Andreas Fault in southern California has lead to rapid uplift of the San Gabriel Mountains since 5 Ma. Tomographic models of this region include a sheet-like, high velocity anomaly, extending to depths greater than 200 km. One proposed mechanism for the formation of this feature is gravitational instability of the lithosphere, resulting in a cold thermal downwelling. We present a systematic study of the sensitivity of lithospheric deformation (lithospheric downwelling, topography, deﬂection of the Moho, convergent velocity proﬁle) to the viscosity structure in 2-D numerical models of lithospheric instability, including a pre-existing zone of weakness. Strike-parallel strain within a convergent region should create a local zone of weakness due to the non-Newtonian response of the lithosphere. Such a weak zone can focus convergent motion, increasing and localizing the growth-rate of a lithospheric instability. We ﬁnd that the observed characteristics of deformation depend on the width ( x w ) and relative viscous weakening factor ( f w ), the ratio of crust to mantle-lithospheric viscosity ( h c / h m ), and the absolute viscosity of the lithosphere ( h m ). For the San Gabriel Mountains, we ﬁnd that a range of models is capable of reproducing the observed Moho deﬂection and depth extent of the downwelling within the short time since the onset of convergence. However, only a small subset of models, ( x w = 20 km, f w = 50–100, h m = 7 . 5 × 10 20 –1 . 5 × 10 21 Pa s, h c / h m > 100) reproduce both the narrow, high topography and horizontal shortening proﬁle.
Chronic Morphine Augments G bg /G s a Stimulation of Adenylyl Cyclase: Relevance to Opioid Tolerance

In the current study, we investigated the neurochemical basis for the previously reported predominance of stimulatory m -opi-oid signaling in guinea pig longitudinal muscle/myenteric plexus (LMMP) preparations after chronic in vivo morphine exposure. As expected, recombinant G s a (rG s a ) dose-depen- dently stimulated adenylyl cyclase (AC) activity in LMMP membranes obtained from opioid naive as well as tolerant LMMP tissue. However, the magnitude of the increase was significantly greater in the latter than in the former. The G bg blocking peptide QEHA (50 m M ) essentially abolished stimulation by rG s a in LMMP membranes obtained from both opioid naive and tolerant animals. Interestingly, after partial blockade by lower QEHA concentrations, the incremental AC stimulation by rG s a in tolerant LMMP membranes was no longer observed, indicat-ing augmented G bg stimulatory responsiveness. Concomitant changes in the content of AC isoform protein are consistent with these biochemical observations. After chronic systemic morphine, AC protein is augmented significantly (56%). This increment is most likely to be composed of AC isoforms that are stimulated by G bg . This is the first demonstration in a complex mammalian tissue that persistent activation of opioid receptors results in augmented G bg /G s a AC stimulatory inter-activeness.
p -Regularity and p -Regular Modiﬁcation in (cid:62) -Convergence Spaces

: Fuzzy convergence spaces are extensions of convergence spaces. spaces are important fuzzy convergence spaces. In this paper, p -regularity (a relative regularity) in (cid:62) -convergence spaces is discussed by two equivalent approaches. In addition, lower and upper p -regular modiﬁcations in (cid:62) -convergence spaces are further investigated and studied. Particularly, it is shown that lower (resp., upper) p -regular modiﬁcation and ﬁnal (resp., initial) structures have good compatibility.
Subjective Evaluation on Three Types of Cognitive Load and its Learning Effects

—Cognitive Load Theory (CLT) distinguishes between three types of cognitive loads: intrinsic, extraneous, and germane. The present study primarily seeks to examine whether partic- ipants evaluate cognitive loads correctly when the extraneous and intrinsic cognitive loads are experimentally manipulated. The results showed that the participants evaluated the intrinsic and extraneous cognitive loads correctly, and also evaluated the germane load based on the manipulation of the extraneous load. The study also seeks to identify the type of cognitive load that contributes to learning effects; the results indicate that greater germane and lesser extraneous loads contribute to learning effects. However, the learning effects were not noticeable when far transfer problems were used.
Kinetic Modelling and Error Analysis of the Bioremediation of Used Motor Oil Contaminated Soil Using Palm Bunch Ash as Stimulant

The spillage of petroleum and its derivatives in soil and water has caused severe hazards to human health, led to serious environmental problems, caused economic loss and lower ground water usage. This research was conducted in order to compare the biostimulation potential of palm bunch ash (PBA) for the remediation of used motor oil contaminated soil as well as to obtain the best kinetic model that fits the experimental data in the treatment cells labelled T 1 to T 12 . D-optimal design of response surface methodology of Design expert was used to generate ten experimental runs with PBA as numerical factor and pollution level (5% and 10%) as categorical factor. Samples were taking from each of the treatment cells for analysis of Oil and Grease Content (O&G) and Total Heterotrophic Bacteria Count (THBC) at two-week interval. After ten (10) weeks, the results showed T 1 , T 2 , T 3 , T 4 , T 5 , T 6 , T 7 , T 8 , T 9 , T 10 , T 11 , and T 12 exhibited 86.5%, 100%, 79.2%, 74.5%, 95.5%, 79.2%, 100%, 99.4%, 99.0%, 63.0%, 88.0%, and 58% oil and grease degradation, respectively. The R 2 values showed that the first and second order kinetic models fitted the experimental data. Comparing the results of the error analysis of the studied kinetics, it was found that the first order kinetic model best fits the degradation of used motor oil in all the treatment cells. The biodegradation rate constant values are high for the treatment cells with 5% pollution level for the zero, first and second order kinetic models. It was also observed that the THBC in all the treatment cells followed the batch growth culture of microorganisms. From the results of this work, it can be concluded that the application of PBA stimulates the growth of microorganisms that enhanced the consumption of used motor oil in the soil. Thus, can be applied to develop an environmentally safe, robust, and economically viable treatment strategy for oil contaminated soil.
Density and P-wave velocity structure beneath the Paran (cid:2) a Magmatic Province: Refertilization of an ancient lithospheric mantle Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems

We estimate density and P-wave velocity perturbations in the mantle beneath the southeastern South America plate from geoid anomalies and P-wave traveltime residuals to constrain the structure of the lithosphere underneath the Paran (cid:2) a Magmatic Province (PMP) and conterminous geological provinces. Our analysis shows a consistent correlation between density and velocity anomalies. The P-wave speed and density are 1% and 15 kg/m 3 lower, respectively, in the upper mantle under the Late Cretaceous to Cenozoic alkaline provinces, except beneath the Goi (cid:2) as Alkaline Province (GAP), where density ( 1 20 kg/m 3 ) and velocity ( 1 0.5%) are relatively high. Underneath the PMP, the density is higher by about 50 kg/m 3 in the north and 25 kg/m 3 in the south, to a depth of 250 2 300 km. These values correlate with high-velocity perturbations of 1 0.5% and 1 0.3%, respectively. Proﬁles of density perturbation versus depth in the upper mantle are different for the PMP and the adjacent Archean S ~ ao Francisco (SFC) and Amazonian (AC) cratons. The Paleoproterozoic PMP basement has a high-density root. The density is relatively low in the SFC and AC lithospheres. A reduction of density is a typical characteristic of chemically depleted Archean cratons. A more fertile Proterozoic and Phanerozoic subcontinental lithospheric mantle has a higher density, as deduced from density estimates of mantle xenoliths of different ages and composition. In conjunction with Re-Os isotopic studies of the PMP basalts, chemical and isotopic analyses of peridodite xenoliths from the GAP in the northern PMP, and electromagnetic induction experiments of the PMP lithosphere, our density and P-wave speed models suggest that the densiﬁcation of the PMP lithosphere and ﬂood basalt generation are related to mantle refertilization. Metasomatic refertilization resulted from the introduction of asthenospheric components from the mantle wedge above Proterozoic subduction zones, which sur-rounded the Paran (cid:2) a lithosphere. The high-density PMP lithosphere is presently gravitationally unstable and prone to delamination.
Health-seeking behavior and associated factors during the first episode of childhood diarrhea and pneumonia in a coastal area of Bangladesh

Background: Pneumonia and diarrhea are the leading causes of under-five (U5) child mortality in Bangladesh. Seeking appropriate care in timely manner may prevent U5 child mortality due to pneumonia and diarrhea, and thus, it is important to understand perception and barriers of health-seeking behavior of parents during childhood pneumonia and diarrhea in order to develop healthcare policies, and design programs to improve health care utilization practices in disadvantaged areas. The study aimed to explore the factors affecting health-seeking behavior during the first episode of childhood diarrhea and pneumonia.Methods: In a cross-sectional study, survey interviews with 392 mothers, and two focus group discussions (FGD) with fathers (n = 16) were conducted in two villages of Teknaf Upazila in a coastal district in Bangladesh.Results: Logistic regression analysis indicated that during childhood diarrhea, mother’s age, household monthly income, monthly health expenditure and mother’s knowledge regarding danger signs, and during childhood pneumonia, mothers’ education level, monthly household income, monthly expenditure for treatment, household size, and knowledge regarding danger signs were the predictors of mothers’ health-seeking behavior. Results from FGDs indicate that financial problems, low education, distance to health facilities, poor transport facilities hinder the ability to seek timely care during childhood diarrhea and pneumonia.Conclusions: Policies and programs should be in place to address barriers of health-seeking behaviors to reduce child mortality due to diarrhea and pneumonia in coastal areas.
Speciﬁc Cleavages by RNase H Facilitate Initiation of Plus-Strand RNA Synthesis by Moloney Murine Leukemia Virus

Successful generation, extension, and removal of the plus-strand primer is integral to reverse transcription. For Moloney murine leukemia virus, primer removal at the RNA/DNA junction leaves the 3 (cid:1) terminus of the plus-strand primer abutting the downstream plus-strand DNA, but this 3 (cid:1) terminus is not efﬁciently reutilized for another round of extension. The RNase H cleavage to create the plus-strand primer might similarly result in the 3 (cid:1) terminus of this primer abutting downstream RNA, yet efﬁcient initiation must occur to synthesize the plus-strand DNA. We hypothesized that displacement synthesis, RNase H activity, or both must participate to initiate plus-strand DNA synthesis. Using model hybrid substrates and RNase H-deﬁcient reverse transcriptases, we found that displacement synthesis alone did not efﬁciently extend the plus-strand primer at a nick with downstream RNA. However, speciﬁc cleavage sites for RNase H were identiﬁed in the sequence immediately following the 3 (cid:1) end of the plus-strand primer. During generation of the plus-strand primer, cleavage at these sites generated a gap. When representative gaps separated the 3 (cid:1) terminus of the plus-strand primer from downstream RNA, primer extension signiﬁcantly improved. The contribution of RNase H to the initiation of plus-strand DNA synthesis was conﬁrmed by comparing the effects of downstream RNA versus DNA on plus-strand
Protective effect of antioxidants against retinal injury induced by infrared radiation

The aim of the work is to evaluate the effect of infrared radiation on retinal rabbit rhodopsin and the protecting role of different antioxidants. NewZealand albino rabbits were exposed to infrared radiation 10 minutes direct or fractionated into 5 settings (2 minutes every day), with and without omega-3, Ginko Biloba extract and Grape seed extract as antioxidants supplementation. The rhodopsin has been extracted after decapitation of rabbits, total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and Fourier infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) of bleached rhodopsin was investigated. The data indicated that very high significant decrease (p˂0.001) in the total antioxidant capacity after exposure to IR for 10 minutes direct or fractionated and changes in the spectral fingerprint region. After treating the rabbits with antioxidants, there were improvement in TAC and matched spectral fingerprint region with control. It may be concluded that the antioxidants omega-3, Ginko Biloba extract and Grape seed extract can protect retinal rhodopsin from oxidative stress that takes place after exposure to infrared radiation. The direct dose of infrared radiation leads to more damage than fractionated dose on retinal rhodopsin.
On Regularized Newton-type Algorithms and A Posteriori Error Estimates for Solving Ill-posed Inverse Problems

Ill-posed inverse problems have wide applications in many fields such as oceanography, signal processing, machine learning, biomedical imaging, remote sensing, geophysics, and others. In this dissertation, we address the problem of solving unstable operator equations with iteratively regularized Newton-type algorithms. Important practical questions such as selection of regularization parameters, construction of generating (filtering) functions based on a priori information available for different models, algorithms for stopping rules and error estimates are investigated with equal attention given to theoretical study and numerical experiments. INDEXWORDS: irregular operator equation, nonlinear ill-posed problem, iterative regularization, stopping rule, image restoration, inverse scattering problem, a posteriori error estimate, inverse magnetometry problem. ON REGULARIZED NEWTON-TYPE ALGORITHMS AND A POSTERIORI ERROR ESTIMATES FOR SOLVING ILL-POSED INVERSE PROBLEMS
Seismic Risk Evaluation of Buckling Restrained Braced Building with Irregularities using Pushover Analysis

Earthquake is a natural calamity which occurs frequently on the earth’s surface and leads to lots of damage to life and property. It occurs due release of energy from earth’s crust which results in shaking of ground. Nowadays, greatest challenge for a civil engineer is to make buildings which are seismic resistant because in today’s building construction irregularities cannot be avoided. These problems of irregularities can be overcome by incorporating the bracing into the structure. Braced frames are very good in resisting large number of lateral forces such as earthquake, wind forces and they have reduced lateral deflection. In this study, G+10 story building is being analysed by considering vertical and horizontal irregularities using different types of steel bracing system such as v-type steel bracing and diagonal type buckling restrained bracing and their results are compared with bare frame model. Steel braced model shows good results as compared to buckling restrained bracings models.
Pluri-potential theory on Grauert tubes of real analytic Riemannian manifolds, I

We develop analogues for Grauert tubes of real analytic Riemannian manifolds (M,g) of some basic notions of pluri-potential theory, such as the Siciak extremal function. The basic idea is to use analytic continuations of eigenfunctions in place of polynomials or sections of powers of positive line bundles for pluripotential theory. The analytically continued Poisson-wave kernel plays the role of Bergman kernel. The main results are Weyl laws in the complex domain, distribution of complex zeros of eigenfunctions on locally symmetric spaces, and estimates of triple products of eigenfunctions.