Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
MORBILLIVIRUS INFECTION IN TWO SPECIES OF PILOT WHALE (GLOBICEPHALA SP.) FROM THE WESTERN ATLANTIC

We report evidence of enzootic morbillivirus infection among long-finned, Globicephala melas, and short-finned, G. macrorhynchus, pilot whales in the western Atlantic. A retrospective serologic survey, using five morbilliviruses, was carried out on 99 G. melas from 14 stranding events between 1982 and 1993 and from 25 G. macrorhynchus stranded in 5 events between 1986 and 1994. A blood sample was also obtained from an adult G. melas by-caught in the western North Atlantic. Tissues were collected from 24 G. melas and 15 G. macrorhynchus for histology and immunoperoxidase staining. Neutralizing antibody titers were found in 92 (92%) of 100 G. melas and 16 (64%) of 25 G. macrorynchus, and titers were highest against cetacean morbilliviruses. Seroprevalence was similar between age classes and sexes. The earliest evidence of infection was in a G. melas that stranded in 1982. Stable antibody titers were observed in pilot whales under rehabilitation for up to eight months. Clinical disease consistent with morbillivirus pneumonia was detected in a G. melas calf. Immunoperoxidase staining confirmed that viral antigen was present in the lesions. We propose that enzootic infection in pilot whales is facilitated by population size, social structure, and migration patterns. Furthermore, through mixing with other odontocetes, pilot whales could act as vectors through the Atlantic. Clinical morbillivirus infection may precipitate mass strandings of highly social odontocetes.
Giving Exclusive Breastfeeding and Maternal Gestational Age Affects the Developmental Delay of Children Aged 3-36 Months

Developmental disorders can affect one or more areas of development such as gross motor, fine motor, speaking/using language, and social personality/independence. Factors that influence the development in children can come from internal factors (exclusive breastfeeding, and maternal gestational age) and external factors (maternal age and number of children under five in the family). Early detection of development is very important using the Developmental Pre-Screening Questionnaire or DENVER II. The objective of the study is to identify risk factors that influence delays in the development of children aged 3-36 months. This research is an analytic observational with case control approach. The research location was at Integrated Healthcare Unit, Primary Health Center of Rowosari, Semarang. The total sample of this study was 62 in children aged 3-36 months whose development was analyzed using the Developmental Pre-Screening Questionnaire instrument. The sampling technique used purposive sampling. The variables of this study were exclusive breastfeeding, gestational age, maternal age and the number of children under five in the family. Statistical tests used Chi-Square to analyze the relationship between internal and external factors with the delay in child development. The results show that exclusive breastfeeding (p=0.042) and gestational age (p=0.042) have a significant relationship with the development of children aged 3-36 months, while maternal age factors during pregnancy (p=0.425) and number of children under five (p=0,353) have no significant relationship. Thus, internal factors such as exclusive breastfeeding and maternal gestational age affect the developmental delay of children aged 3-36 months.
An Examination of the Night Burn Clinic Transition to Nurse Practitioner Coverage

Background/Significance: Burns are dynamic, evolving wounds requiring prompt attention and treatment (Morgan et al., 2018). Many studies have been conducted comparing physician outcomes to those of APNs showing no difference (McCleery, Christensen, Peterson, Humphrey, & Helfand, 2011; Naylor & Kurtzman, 2010; Pioro et al., 2001; Roche, Gardner, & Jack, 2017; Spetz, Skillman, & Andrilla, 2017). Time delays which allow for progression of the injury have a negative impact on patient outcomes. Any pathway allowing for quicker review of the burn by a burn specialist should be welcomed (Kelly et al., 2013). APNs can augment physician efforts and expand access to care (Newhouse et al., 2011). Few research studies have been conducted in ambulatory settings where residents and APNs are directly compared. Studies which characterize the variability in the care provided in this population can better inform future staffing decisions. Purpose/Aims: To describe the difference in visit length, pain scores and per patient revenue between patients cared for in an overnight burn clinic by APNs compared to resident physicians. Aim 1: To describe the demographic (age, gender, ethnicity) and clinical variables (time in clinic, pain, provider type) of patients seen in the overnight burn clinic. Aim 2: To examine the relationships among demographics (age, gender, Ethnicity), provider type, pain, and time in clinic in patients cared for in an overnight burn clinic. Aim 3: To identify factors (demographic, pain, and provider data) that explain the variance in the time spent in the clinic. A secondary aim is to examine the difference in revenue generated by APNs. Setting: A regional burn center walk-in outpatient clinic at a southern California level 1 trauma center. Design: Retrospective descriptive comparative design. Cases: All patients who presented to the burn clinic between the hours of 6 pm and 6 am during the time period from October 1, 2015 to November 30, 2019. Methods: Data were retrieved from the burn registry and the hospital EHR. Descriptive statistics were utilized to address Aim 1. Tests of association were used address Aim 2. Multivariable linear regression was used to address Aim 3. A simple comparison of revenue generated, addressed the secondary aim. Results: Visit length was shorter for patients seen by nurse practitioners. There was no difference in opiate prescribing during the visit or at discharge. There was a dramatic increase in revenue during the first year. Conclusions: Burn care is dynamic and evolving. More timely treatment and pain relief in a non-biased environment by specially trained providers has incrementally improved care provided to these vulnerable patients.
Threshold size for vernalization in Senecio jacobaea: genetic variation and response to artificial selection

1. Flowering in Senecio jacobaea is dependent on plant size at the time of vernalization and at the time of photoinduction in spring. We present data on genetic variation in the threshold size for vernalization in this species. 2. Field measurements revealed ample phenotypic variation in threshold size for flowering in a natural sand dune population of S. jacobaea. The parental generation of the artificial selection experiment, carried out in a climate chamber, showed that the genetic variation for this character was also very high. 3. In the artificial selection experiment offspring from different selection lines were compared. In the parental generation 56% of the largest plants did not flower. Large plants that remained vegetative in the parental generation did not flower after a second period of growth and subsequent vernalization. A selection line for ability to flower under the conditions provided was established by selecting the largest flowering plants. One generation of selection decreased the non-flowering fraction to 20%, compared to 38% in the control group, which was a second sample from the same seed pool as the parental generation. 4. In a second line, selection took place on low threshold sizes for vernalization, by selecting the smallest flowering plants in the parental generation. In this group the non-flowering fraction also decreased, and in addition the median threshold size was much lower than in the line selected for flowering ability only, indicating that selection on low threshold size was successful. 5. Significant differences in threshold size were found among five clonal families grown in a controlled environment. The within-clone flowering percentage was always below 100% for large plants. 6. The results show that threshold size for vernalization in S. jacobaea has a genetic component, and may be subject to natural selection.
The varied foraging mode of the subtropical eublepharid gecko Goniurosaurus kuroiwae orientalis

Insectivorous lizards usually employ one of two foraging modes, ambush ‘sit-and-wait’ or active ‘widely foraging’, but in the Gekkonomorpha the situation has been unclear. Therefore we quantified the foraging mode of the eublepharid gecko Goniurosaurus kuroiwae orientalis on Tokashikijima near Okinawajima, Japan, in September 1999. The taxon is rare, endangered and protected. On the selected semi-urban study site the gecko was confirmed as a nocturnal cursorial gecko, which also ascends trees up to 1.8 m. Foraging regimes of marked individuals, during repeated 30-min observation periods, could vary from immobility throughout, to active locomotion 84% of the time. Foraging mode was not significantly affected by sex, body length, mass or state of tail regeneration of the individuals, or by the timing of the observation. In males, at higher temperatures single moves became longer, while time allocated to moving was stable. In both sexes longer observation bouts included longer sitting pauses, which, given stable move duration, reduced the share of time spent moving and the moves per minute. Goniurosaurus kuroiwae orientalis averaged moving during 23% of the time, moving 0.39 times per minute, the moves lasting 77 s and the pauses lasting 745 s. Compared to other geckos, G. k. orientalis may be defined as a widely foraging animal, despite its mixed behaviour. This result supports the definition of the Eublepharidae as widely foraging and is compatible with two hypotheses, that early Gekkonomorpha were widely foraging or that they had an intermediate, undefined, foraging mode.
Some Options to Induce Oviposition in Turtles

ABSTRACT From 1978 to 2006, oviposition was induced in 13 North American turtle species. Of 245 inductions, 195 used oxytocin alone, 22 used arginine vasotocin (AVT) alone, 13 used a combination of oxytocin and ketamine, 8 combined propranolol and oxytocin, and 7 used propranolol and AVT. For wild Chrysemys picta picta, oxytocin-induced eggs were as viable as natural nest eggs. Suggested dosage ranges for oxytocin used alone vary from 0.7 to 4.0 units per 100 g, depending on species. In species where more than 28 animals were injected with the suggested dosage all eggs were oviposited after the first injection between 74% and 82% of the time. With a second injection, all eggs were laid between 83% and 94% of the time. It would be desirable to find a combination of easy-to-use drugs that yielded a higher success rate with the initial injection, especially for species with a history of not responding to oxytocin. Although only small numbers (13 animals) were involved, there was a suggestion that the combination of ketamine and oxytocin may prove more effective than oxytocin alone. A significant adverse effect observed with oxytocin induction was that some successfully induced turtles still displayed nesting behavior over the following days to weeks. This adverse effect might increase the risk of predation or trauma to wild animals after treatment with oxytocin. It might be avoided by using a more physiologic drug combination to induce oviposition rather than oxytocin alone. Natural oviposition is complex and, at least, involves the interaction of peripheral beta-adrenergic neurons, AVT, and prostaglandin F2α (PGF). Other, more physiologic approaches to induce oviposition might be to use a beta-adrenergic blocker with oxytocin or PGF, PGF + oxytocin, PGF + ketamine, or oxytocin + ketamine.
Nutrient limitation of periphyton growth in tributaries and the mainstem of a central North Island river, New Zealand

Abstract The management of nutrient inputs into New Zealand waterways is a key focus for environmental agencies, but few North Island studies have examined whether nitrates, phosphates or a combination of nutrients limit periphyton proliferations. The underlying volcanic geology that the Rangitikei River, a large central North Island river, drains would suggest nitrogen (N) as a likely limiting nutrient for periphyton growth. However, examination of nutrient ratios in water samples indicated N‐limitation consistently at only 7 of 11 sites sampled on the mainstem and tributaries of the Rangitikei River. The actual effect of nutrient limitation on periphyton growth was investigated at those same sites using in situ nutrient diffusing substrates. Nutrient limitation was also examined upstream and downstream of sewage discharges from the townships of Taihape, Hunterville, and Bulls. The nutrient diffusing substrates indicated N was the limiting nutrient for periphyton growth at most sites in the mainstem and several tributaries of the Rangitikei River. Sewage discharges at both Taihape and Bulls seemed to alter the nutrient balance in the receiving waterways to the extent that the nutrient diffusing substrates did not indicate any nutrient limitation.
The biogeography of Gentoo Penguins (Pygoscelis papua)

Gentoo Penguins (Pygoscelis papua (J.R. Forster 1781)) are defined morphologically as a single species with a northern and southern subspecies. Differences in nuptial displays and particularly mating calls, however, suggest isolation among island archipelagos of different ocean basins. We thus asked whether genetic divergence of populations could be con- firmed using molecular markers. A phylogenetic tree was constructed from a sample of 110 Gentoo Penguins and 58 haplo- types from the control region of the mitochondrial DNA. Reanalyses of historical data on morphology were conducted to construct additional phylogenetic trees for comparison. In agreement with differences in mating calls, the phylogenetic tree that was based on mitochondrial DNA showed a deep division between populations in the Indian and Atlantic oceans. The current systematic division into two subspecies based on morphology was not supported. The division between populations in the Indian and Atlantic oceans was great enough to justify taxonomic revision, with at least three distinct clades: two in the respective sub-Antarctic and Antarctic zones of the Atlantic Ocean, and a deeply divergent and unnamed third clade in the sub-Antarctic Indian Ocean. In contrast to more pelagic species like Rockhopper Penguins (Eudyptes chrysocome (J.R. Forster, 1781)), the restricted coastal foraging ranges of Gentoo Penguins and the distances among isolated oceanic archi- pelagos could explain the distribution of genetically differentiated populations.
Changes in Kopanisti cheese during ripening using selected pure microbial cultures

Four combinations of pure microbial cultures previously isolated from Kopanisti cheese were used and assessed as inoculums of the fresh cheese curd, instead of the ripe Kopanisti of questionable quality which is traditionally used. These cultures were Penicillium K1; Penicillium K1+ Trichosporon beigelii; Penicillium K1+ Kluyveromyces marxianus var lactis; and Penicillium K1+ Rhodotorula mucilaginosa. The cheeses produced were all of good quality with no significant differences in organoleptic evaluation, moisture or free fatty acid content, although significant differences in pH and cheese proteolysis were found. In all ripe cheeses the yeasts of Trichosporon beigelii and Kluyveromyces marxianus var lactis were the predominant species, while the mould Penicillium K1was not found. These pure microbial cultures, especially the combination of Penicillium K1+ Trichosporon beigelii, show that it is possible to successfully substitute the inoculum of ripe Kopanisti cheese.
Can firm innovativeness affect performance? The role of external involvement

This research attempts to complement ongoing discussions on the effects of firm innovativeness on performance and explain the role of external involvement in the relationship between firm innovativeness and performance in B2B settings. More importantly, we investigate the effect of supplier involvement, customer involvement, and the interaction of both in the process of innovativeness, and explain how customer involvement and supplier involvement take effects in B2B settings. Using the perspective of organizational information processing theory, we apply the hierarchical regression to examine the moderation effects of external involvement on the relationship between firm innovativeness and performance. Findings show that in B2B settings customer involvement strengthens the positive effects of firm innovativeness on performance, whereas supplier involvement weakens the positive effects of firm innovativeness on performance. We also find that the interaction of customer involvement and supplier involvement weakens the positive effects of firm innovativeness on performance in B2B settings. These conclusions contribute to the knowledge of external involvement and firm innovativeness in B2B settings, and provide theoretical contributions and managerial insights for both academics and practitioners.
Fatalismo ante la posibilidad de contagio por el coronavirus: Generación y validación de un instrumento (F-COVID-19)

El coronavirus ha generado una suerte de "histeria colectiva" en diversas poblaciones. Por lo tanto, nuestro objetivo fue validar un test que mida el fatalismo ante la posibilidad de contagio por el coronavirus. Se realizo un proceso de validacion en cinco fases: Busqueda de la literatura y construccion del primer borrador, juicio de fondo con 28 expertos, evaluacion de forma con 280 personas, piloto para analisis factorial exploratorio en 389 personas (en ambas se conto con 17 ciudades de Peru) y confirmacion de la validez del constructo final con 10 expertos. Los estadisticos de KMO (0,779) y Bartlett (572,6; gl = 21; p < 0,001) presentaron resultados aceptables y significativos. La varianza total explicada por los 7 items distribuidos en 2 factores es de 58,9%, lo cual es adecuado. Los analisis robustos muestran que la estructura factorial es satisfactoria (X2 = 21,161; p = 0,007; CFI = 0,984; GFI = 0,996; TLI = 0,957; RMSEA = 0,067 y RMSR = 0,033). Se genero una escala de 7 items para medir las medidas fatalistas que las personas podrian tener o tomar si es que llegasen a enfermarse del coronavirus
Composition and abundance of oligochaetes [Annelida: Oligochaeta] in springs of Krakow-Czestochowa Upland [Southern Poland]: effect of spring encasing and environmental factors

Studies were performed on 25 karstic springs located in Southern Poland (50o10’ – 50o46’ N, 19o17’ – 19o54’E). They are natural or encased, differing also in discharge rate (0.01– 15 l s–1 in the southern part of KrakówCzęstochowa Upland while 20 – 1440 l s–1 in its northern part) and kind of bottom sediments (fine or coarse). 27 species and 1 genus representing 5 families were determined, among them Enchytraeidae were represented by the highest number of species whereas Tubificidae (mainly juvenile forms) were the most abundant. Among oligochaetes no crenobionts were found while crenophiles: Rhyacodrilus falciformis Bretscher and Stylodrilus heringianus Claparède were present in a half of the studied springs. In the majority of the studied springs the density of oligochaetes was significantly higher in fine sediments (ranges 200 – 13 200 ind. m–2) than in coarse ones (ranges 22–7900 ind. m–2) (P <0.05). The species diversity (H’) was also higher in fine sediments, especially in springs of the southern part of Upland. Oligochaeta were more abundant and diversified in encased springs than in natural ones and they inhabited preferably fine sediments. The discharge and springs localization (in southern or northern part of the studied area) were found to be not of importance for oligochaete composition and abundance.
A Note on Krugman’s Liquidity Trap and Monetary Policy at the Zero Lower Bound

ABSTRACT Krugman's ‘liquidity trap’ model constituted a ground-breaking contribution by attributing the long-lasting Japanese stagnation to a negative natural interest rate. Our critique to such a proposal will focus on three aspects. First, we will question the logical structure of the model, providing an alternative interpretation of its closure and arguing that aggregate demand has no crucial role in it. Second, we will argue that a negative natural interest rate can emerge only after a series of overtly restrictive assumptions in a model that does not treat capital and avoids long-run equilibrium analysis. Finally, we will discuss the mainstream literature which followed up until the recent rediscovery of the Secular Stagnation Theory. Within that line of literature, the key features of the ‘liquidity trap’ model continue to occupy a prominent role, thereby letting the critical issues that have been singled out resurface. Our conclusion is that the ‘liquidity trap’ explanation did not provide a satisfying rationale for Japan’s stagnation and cannot describe later economic predicaments either. A comparison with Post-Keynesian models shows their ability to offer insightful policy prescriptions without relying on those shaky theoretical foundations.
Tiller and rhizome growth of water-stressed Poa pratensis 'Merion' infected by Ustilago striiformis or Urocystis agropyri.

Growth of tillers and rhizomes of Poa pratensis Merion' infected by Ustilago striiformis (cause of of stripe smut) or Urocystis agropyri (cause of flag smut) was evaluated in nutrient solution alone and amended with polyethylene glycol to provide increasing levels of osmotically induced water stress. U. striiformis had no effect on total dry weight of rhizomes per shoot but decreased the percentage of rhizome dry weight as a portion of total shoot dry weight. Dry weight of tillers per shoot increased and was a greater percentage of total shoot dry weight than the percentage of total shoot dry weight in healthy plants (.)
Avaliação do vigor de sementes de trigo pelos tetes de envelhecimento acalerado e de frio

A pesquisa teve como objetivo estudar a eficiencia de diferentes procedimentos para a conducao dos testes de envelhecimento acelerado e de frio, visando a determinacao do vigor de sementes de trigo (Triticum aestivum L.). Utilizando-se as cultivares IAC-350 e IAC-370, cada uma representada por cinco lotes com germinacao inicial superior a 90%, conduziram-se testes de frio com e sem "terra" e de envelhecimento acelerado (tradicional e com solucao salina). Comparando-se os resultados desses testes com os resultados obtidos em testes de germinacao desses mesmos lotes, apos o armazenamento por 19 meses em ambiente nao controlado, concluiu-se que ambos os procedimentos empregados para o teste de envelhecimento acelerado, a 43oC durante 48h, foram eficientes para avaliar o vigor de sementes de trigo. O teste de frio, conduzido de acordo com o mesmo procedimento desenvolvido para sementes de milho, nao apresenta sensibilidade suficiente para detectar diferencas consistentes no vigor de lotes de sementes de trigo.