Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Full- versus Half-Day Preschool Attendance: Effects in Young Children as Assessed by Teacher Ratings and Behavioral Observations.

VLIETSTRA, ALICE G. Fullversus Half-Day Preschool Attendance: Efects in Young Children as Assessed by Teacher Ratings and Behavioral Observations. CHILD DEVELOPMENT, 1981, 52, 603-610. Ongoing behaviors of children attending preschool for either full or half-days were recorded by naive observers and rated by the children's teachers. Observations indicated that the full-day children spent significantly more time working on tasks that were directed and guided by the teachers, interacting positively with their peers, and engaging in motoric activity than did the half-day children. The teachers rated the full-day children as more aggressive and less cooperative with their peers, and the boys were rated as more motoric than the girls. The results are discussed in relation to the role of motorio behavior in the teachers' and observers' perception of peer interaction as positive or aggressive.
A, B Seeing: The Role of Constructive Processes in Children's Comprehension Monitoring.

Using E. M. Markman's (1977, 1979) comprehension-monitoring paradigm, 192 skilled and less skilled readers from 3rd and 6th grade read stories containing inconsistent information. Half of the students constructed a storyboard representation of the story using plastic cutout figures placed on a background storyboard; half only read the text. Storyboard construction enhanced the integration of text propositions and increased inconsistency detection, particularly for less skilled readers. A story recall test also revealed significant effects of storyboard construction on the encoding and recall of critical propositions. These findings were interpreted in terms of the dual effects of storyboard construction on enhanced encoding and memory and its demands on proposition integration. Furthermore, it is proposed that storyboard construction can serve as a basis for effective intervention and training of proposition integration skills.
Spacing judgments as an index of study-phase retrieval.

It is hypothesized that the ability of subjects to judge how far apart two presentations of a word were in a list reflects study-phase retrieval of the trace of the first presentation of the word by its second presentation. Experiment 1 supported this hypothesis by demonstrating that the accuracy of spacing judgments for associatively related pairs of words, like that for repeated words, was high compared to that for unrelated words. Experiment 2 used spacing judgments to measure retrieval upon repetition of a homograph. In three conditions, context words accompanying a homograph on its two presentations were either the same, biased the same meaning, or biased different meanings. In all three conditions, later spacing judgments were more accurate than in an unrelated-word control. Accuracy did not depend on whether the two context words biased the same meaning or different meanings of the homograph.
Management of neonatal jaundice varies by practitioner type

Main outcome measures Compliance with national guidelines for screening, postdischarge follow-up, and management of newborns with hyperbilirubinemia. Results Of the 1890 potential respondents, 321 (17%) completed the survey. Only 41% of family physicians reported using national guidelines, compared with 75% and 69% of pediatricians and midwives, respectively (P < .001). Bilirubin was routinely measured for all newborns before discharge by 42% of family physicians, 63% of pediatricians, and 22% of midwives (P < .001). Newborn follow-up was completed within 72 hours after discharge by 60% of family physicians, 89% of pediatricians, and 100% of midwives. Management of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia differed significantly (P < .001), with 91% of family physicians, 99% of pediatricians, and 79% of midwives correctly managing a case scenario according to the guidelines. Conclusion The management of jaundice varied considerably among the different practitioner types, with pediatricians both most aware of the guidelines and most likely to follow them. Increased knowledge translation efforts are required to promote adherence to the jaundice management guidelines across all practitioner types, but particularly among family physicians. Editor’s kEy points • Hyperbilirubinemia continues to be the most common cause of neonatal readmission to hospitals in North America.
Comparison of the WAIS and WAIS—R: Different results for different IQ groups.

Using a procedure that eliminated repetition of identical items, thus avoiding order effects, we administered the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) and the WAis-Revised to 108 subjects. AH correlations between the two tests were significant and similar to those reported in the WAISR manual. For the group as a whole, verbal, performance, and full scale IQ scores on the WAIS-R were significantly lower than their respective WAIS scores; however, this difference was not consistent across IQ levels. Subjects of both average and borderline intelligence had WAIS IQ scores significantly above their WAIS-R scores. For the mildly retarded subjects, the performance IQs were equal for the WAIS and WAIS-R, whereas the WAIS-R verbal and full scale IQ scores were higher than the corresponding WAIS IQ scores. However, these score differences were small (1 point) and of little practical value. The differences of moderately retarded subjects, on the other hand, were large and in the reverse direction: The WAIS-R IQ scores were significantly higher than the WAIS IQ scores. Clinical implications of these findings are discussed. When an established test is revised, evaluation of the equivalence of the two forms is necessary. Since the publication of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Revised (WAIS-R), several comparisons of IQ scores obtained on the WAIS-R and WAIS have been published. When using subjects of average or above intelligence, the researchers generally have found lower IQ scores on the WAIS-R than on the WAIS. The exceptions to this finding are three studies, one with high-IQ subjects (Edwards & Klein, 1984) and two with mentally retarded subjects (Simon & Clopton, 1984; Spitz, 1986). The order of administration of the two forms of the Wechsler tests had an effect in some studies, but not in others. In Table 1 we provide a summary of the published literature to date on comparisons of the WAIS and the WAIS-R. Evidence that the differences between WAIS and WAIS-R scores are less at either extreme of the IQ distribution is accumulating (e.g., Mitchell, Grandy, &
Productivity Loss in Performance Groups: People Who See Themselves as Average Do Not Engage in'Social Loafing

The authors predicted that individuals who see themselves as average (e.g., who have a generalized belief in being no better or worse than others) do not engage in social loafing, unlike those who see themselves as generally superior to others. As expected, study participants who felt uniquely superior expended less effort when working collectively than when working coactively on an easy task, but they actually worked harder collectively than coactively on a more challenging task. Such effects did not occur in participants who perceived themselves as average. Taken together, these findings provide further support for S. J. Karau and K. D. Williams's (1993) collective effort model. They also suggest that what people come to believe about the relation between the self and others is a crucial factor in collective work contexts.
The Prevalence of Education and Training Activities among Welfare and Food Stamp Recipients

oft-stated goal of breaking the poverty cycle is providing disadvantaged citizens with access to the education, training, and work experience that they need to qualify for and keep well-paying jobs. At present, little is known about the frequency with which adults invest in new skills beyond their early twenties. Nor do we know if the adults being pushed most by public policy to upgrade their skills—recipients of government transfers—invest more in skill building than other adults. What sorts of skill building are they choosing, and how often? Recent congressional action has increased the incentives for welfare recipients to seek new skills, while altering the system for providing education and training services. In 1996, the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act (PRWORA) replaced Aid to Families with Dependent Children (AFDC), a federal-state cash assistance entitlement for low-income families, with Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF), a block-grant program that imposes federal limits on cash assistance receipt and increasingly stringent work requirements for welfare recipients. PRWORA also substantially increases states' flexibility to design their own welfare-to-work programs and make their own spending decisions regarding training and employment services. Legislation in 1997 created the Welfare-to-Work Grants Program, which provides funds to local programs that assist the hardest-to-employ TANF recipients and noncustodial parents of TANF children. In 1998, the Workforce Investment Act overhauled national employment and training policy generally, requiring states to provide all employment and training services through "one-stop" career centers. Other important changes related to work have been occurring for both families and other low-income adults. PRWORA reduced food stamp benefit amounts and excludes most legal immigrants from the program. Able-bodied adults without dependents may only receive three months' worth of food stamp benefits over three years unless they are working 20 hours per week or in low labor demand areas. In addition, many states have restricted or eliminated General Assistance payments for portions of the low-income population over the last 10 years, adding to pressures for recipients to become selfsufficient through employment (Gallagher 1999). Assessing the impact of these changes on participation in education and training programs requires a baseline measure of how often disadvantaged populations engaged in skill-building activities before reform. The first wave of the National Survey of America's Families (NSAF), a nationally representative survey of households that collects a wide range of economic, demographic, and program participation data, provides just such a baseline. It shows that even before national reform, a greater share of welfare recipients— around one in four—invested in new work The Prevalence of Education and Training Activities among Welfare and Food Stamp Recipients
Voluntary Facial Expression of Emotion: Comparing Congenitally Blind With Normally Sighted Encoders

The ability of congenitally blind persons to produce voluntarily facial expressions of a number of emotions was compared with that of normally sighted individuals using both objective facial measurement and observer recognition. Results revealed that there were almost no significant differences between blind and sighted participants with respect to the number and type of facial action units produced. The portrayals of the blind participants were significantly more poorly recognized by observers than were those of the sighted participants (except for happiness). Correspondence analyses of the data showed differences between sighted and blind participants in the dimensional structure of the expressions (as based on the similarity among emotions with respect to both objective measurement and judgments). Overall, the data relativize earlier conclusions on the facial expression of blind as compared with sighted persons and suggest specific hypotheses and procedures for further work in this area.
Density functional study of the electronic properties of SnO2(110) surface modified by benzoic acids

iv Chapter 1: Introduction.1 1.1. Transparent metal oxide and self-assembled monolayer . 5 1.1.1. Transparent metal oxides with self-assembled monolayer.5 1.1.2. Self-assembled monolayer on transparent oxide.6 1.2. Interface models for metal oxide/organic interfaces.8 1.2.1. Push-back model.9 1.2.2. Integer-charge transfer model.10 1.2.3. Induced density of states model.13 1.2.4. Crispin`s and Heimel`s models.14 1.2. 5. Band bending model.17 Chapter 2: Density functional method.19 2.1 Density Functional theory.19 2.1.1 Born-Oppenheimer approximation.20 2.1.2 Hart-Fock approximation.22 2.1. 3 Thomas-Fermi model for free electrons.26 2.1. 4 Kohn-Sham equation.28 2.1. 5 Local Density approximation.33 2.1. 6 Generalized Gradient approximation.34 2.2 Basis set functions.36 2.2.1 Gaussian basis set.36 2.2.2 Plane-wave basis set.37 2.3 Pseudo potential.39 2.4 NMR calculation on Quantum Espresso.40 Chapter 3: Cluster model of SnO2(110) with benzoic acids.42 3.1 Modeling of SnO2(110) surface.44 3.2 Calculation results and discussion.45 3.3 Conclusions.47 Chapter 4: Cellulose triacetate-I structure calculation on Quantum espresso program
Depression in rheumatoid arthritis: A re-evaluation.

ABSTRACT: Diagnosing mood disorders in chronic illness is problematic. Under-standing the value of individual symptoms in predicting depression is one approachto this problem. The contribution of individual symptoms to the diagnoses of majordepressive disorder (MDD) was examined in 82 patients with confirmed rheuma-toid arthritis (RA) and a control sample of ISO university employees. Comparisonsbetween DSM-HI and DSM-EQ-R rates of MDD were derived using the Inventoryto Diagnose Depression (IDD). It was found that cognitive-affective symptomssuch as dysphoric mood, acknowledgment of guilt, and suicidal ideation were themost efficient predictors of MDD. According to DSM-IH-R criteria, 16% of the RAsample met criteria for diagnosis of MDD, while 27% of the R A sample met criteriaaccording to the DSM-1H. RA patients reported that their arthritis affected theirmood at least occasionally. Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic, systemic, inflammatory disease thataffects approximately 1% of the population (Zvaifler, 1988). In addition to thepain and physical disability that are principal features of the illness (Potts,Weinberger, & Brandt, 1984), a variety of psychological factors has beenidentified as concomitant to disease(Anderson, Bradley, Young, McDaniel, W Frank et al., 1988; Rimon, 1974; Rimon & Laakso, 1984;Zaphiropoulos & Burry, 1974). The assessment and diagnosis of depression in RA has been questioned onclosely interrelated, conceptual, and methodological grounds. First, the few earlystudies citing the prevalence of depression in RA (e.g., Bishop et al., 1987;Zaphiropoulos & Burry, 1974) utilized instruments that were not designed todiagnose depression. These instruments contain many somatic items that arecommon to both depression and chronic illness (Turk, Rudy, & Stieg, 1987). Researchers in these studies typically have used self-report instruments such asREHABILITATION PSYCHOLOGY Vol. 36, No. 4,1991
ELECTROMYOGRAPHIC STUDY OF THE HUMAN LARYNX AND ITS CLINICAL APPEICATION

Electromyographic examinations were performed on the crycothyroid muscle, the vocal muscle, the arytenoid muscle and the posterior cricoarytenoid muscle of the normal and paralyzed human larynx. A suitable concentric needle electrode was designed for the purpose of intralaryngeal examinations under observation with laryngeal mirror. The action current of a single neuromuscular unit of the vocal muscle was 100*V, and the maximal frequency of spike discharges was 20 per second. The electrical activity of the vocal muscle increased in higher pitch of the voice, while no differnce of the activity was observed in higher intensity. In whispering, contraction of the adductor muscles was much weaker than in ordinary phonation. Respiratory fluctuations in the activity of the laryngeal muscles were observed; activation of the abductor muscles occurred at inspiration, that of the adductor muscles at expiration. The electromyogram, recorded on unilateral and bilateral paralysis of the recurrent laryngeal nerves, revealed that the arytenoid muscle received motor fibers from bilateral recurrent nerves, though none from the superior laryngeal nerve. Various figures of the paralyzed vocal cords, from midline to cadaveric position, were observed on the patients with recurrent laryngeal nerve paralysis. In recovery stage of a patient, true figures of the abductor paralysis were investigated by means of laryngoscopic and electromyographic examination. On clinical examination of the laryngeal paralysis, electromyogram also presented important and reliable findings in diagnosis, suggesting the grade of the lesion, its localization and the prognosis of the condition.
Watching Teacher Candidates Watch Themselves: Reflections on a Practicum Program in Turkey

This article presents the findings of a study that investigates pre-service English teachers’ reflections on their teaching performance after watching their videotaped lessons in company with their university supervisor. This study, conducted during the spring semester practicum program in the 2007-2008 academic year, examines how the teacher candidates felt about their teaching while watching a video of a real lesson taught in a classroom. The findings of this study suggest that after the teacher candidates watched their own teaching with the supervisor, they made specific comments about teacher talk and about students’ participation and interest in the lesson. The findings also show that the use of video recording in the practicum program provided opportunities for reflection and helped teacher candidates evaluate their performance more critically. Key words: Non-native speaker pre-service English teachers, practicum, reflective teaching, videobased reflection sessions Este articulo presenta los hallazgos de un estudio que investiga las reflexiones de futuros profesores de ingles respecto a su desempeno docente despues de haber visto con su asesor de practica de la universidad las grabaciones de sus propias clases. Este estudio, realizado durante la practica semestral de primavera en el periodo academico 2007-2008, examina como se sintieron los practicantes respecto a su forma de ensenar cuando veian un video de una clase dictada en un salon de clase real. Los hallazgos del estudio sugieren que despues de que los practicantes o futuros docentes observaron en compania de su supervisor su forma de ensenar, hicieron comentarios relacionados especialmente con la forma de hablar de los profesores y con la participacion e interes de los estudiantes en la clase. Los hallazgos tambien muestran que la grabacion en video en el programa de practica docente genero oportunidades para reflexionar y ayudo a los practicantes a evaluar su desempeno de una forma mas critica. Palabras clave: profesores de ingles no nativos en formacion, practica docente, ensenanza reflexiva, sesiones de reflexion basadas en videos
Interpersonal processes in friendship: A comparison of abused and nonabused children's experiences.

Although parental maltreatment has been presumed to have deleterious effects on children's abilities to form close relationships, observations of abused children with their best friends have rarely been conducted. Sixteen 9- to 14-year-old physically abused children and 32 matched nonabused children were observed during a 1.5-hr sequence of unstructured and structured tasks. Coding focused primarily on intimacy, conflict, and affective expression. Abused children and their friends displayed less overall intimacy than nonabused children and their friends, although peak levels of intimacy were similar for the 2 groups. Dyads containing an abused child were more conflictual than dyads without abused children, especially during game-playing activities. Abused boys and their friends also displayed more negative affect during game playing than did dyads of nonabused friends. Abused girls and their friends displayed less positive affect than other friendship dyads during activities involving primarily conversation and discussion. Several effects of gender and context not specific to abuse were also obtained.
Dual mechanisms of negative priming

Three experiments examined whether negative priming is a dually determined effect produced by inhibitory mechanisms and by a memorial process. Younger adults (Experiment 1) and older adults (Experiments 1-3) were tested in procedures that varied the likelihood of inducing retrieval of the prior trial. 'This was done by making test-trial target decoding difficult (Experiments 1 & 2) or by making prior information useful on some nonnegative priming trials (Experiment 3). Younger adults demonstrated negative priming under retrieval and nonretrieval conditions, with patterns of performance indicating different sources of negative priming effects. Older adults showed negative priming only under retrieval-inducing conditions, consistent with the view of deficient inhibitory mechanisms for older adults. The data suggest that contextual variables critically determine whether negative priming is largely due to inhibition or to episodic retrieval.
Implementing a Posttraumatic Stress and Functional Outcome Screening Process for Trauma Patients at a Level 1 Adult Trauma Center

The trauma program at a level 1 adult trauma center identified a need for a standardized approach at screening the trauma patient for posttraumatic stress and quality of life post injury. Utilizing a multidisciplinary team, a process of screening the patients prior to discharge and 6 months after discharge was developed. A mechanism for tracking the screening results in the trauma registry has led to appropriate interventions and follow-up of cases. An additional benefit of using the trauma registry is for potential future research on the subject.
Compensation seeking, comorbidity, and apparent exaggeration of PTSD symptoms among Vietnam combat veterans.

We evaluated whether veterans who apparently exaggerate their symptoms are more likely to be (a) seeking disability compensation or (b) suffering from more comorbid pathology than nonexaggerating veterans. Fifty-four of 145 (37%) veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder who completed the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 (J. N. Butcher, W. G. Dahlstrom, J. R. Graham, A. Tellegen, & B. Kaemmer, 1989) were identified as apparent exaggerators, with F (Frequency) - K (Correction ) >13. These participants scored higher than nonexaggerators on self-report measures of various psychological symptoms but were no more likely to be seeking compensation or to have comorbid substance use or other anxiety disorders. Affective disorder was overrepresented among apparent exaggerators, however. Findings support the hypothesis of increased comorbidity among symptom exaggerators as measured by the F - K index but not the commonly held belief that symptom exaggerators are more likely to seek compensation.