Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Treatise on the Isoptera of the World

ABSTRACT A comprehensive compendium on the taxonomy and biology of the 3106 living and fossil species of the worlds termites is presented, along with reviews of Isoptera morphology and evolution, identification keys, the history of termite systematics, and summary of the worlds 363 significant pest species. A complete bibliography is provided of nearly 5000 references covering virtually all aspects of termite taxonomy and biology through December 2011. The morphology of Isoptera is thoroughly reviewed and illustrated with original scanning electron micrographs and photomicrographs, covering the cuticular anatomy and those internal organs that are taxonomically and phylogenetically significant, including several new character systems. Terminology is presented for the systems of tibial spines and spurs so as to establish homologs. Keys are presented to the nine living families of termites, and the world subfamilies and genera of Archotermopsidae, Hodotermitidae, Kalotermitidae, Mastotermitidae, Rhinotermitidae, Serritermitidae, Stolotermitidae, and Stylotermitidae. A key to subfamilies of the Termitidae is included. A detailed morphological diagnosis for each family and subfamily is provided, along with images of exemplar species. The history of isopteran research in taxonomy, systematics, morphology, paleontology, and biology is reviewed from 1758 to the present, with emphasis on transformative workers such as Holmgren, Silvestri, Emerson, Roonwal, Noirot, and Sands. Evolution of the Isoptera is reviewed, including the diversity and natural history of genera and species in all Zoogeographic regions, major patterns in social biology, the phylogeny of Recent and fossil genera and families, and 135 million years of fossils preserved as compressions, mineralized replicas, and in amber. The definitive sister group to the Isoptera is the monogeneric family of wood roaches, Cryptocercidae (Cryptocercus), so the taxonomic ranks of the two groups are now Infraorder Isoptera and Infraorder Cryptocercoidea within Order Blattaria (roaches and termites). The compendium summarizes the taxonomic history, nomenclature, distribution, type locality, and repository, and all significant aspects of natural history and biology for each species of the world, exclusive of pest control and colony inquilines (termitophiles). The classification of Recent and fossil lower termites (all those exclusive of family Termitidae) used in the compendium is from Engel et al. (2009), which is based on morphology and largely congruent with molecular studies. Rhinotermitidae s.s. (exclusive of Stylotermitidae) may be paraphyletic with respect to Termitidae, although the six traditional subfamilies of the former are used here. A separate section summarizes the nomenclatural changes made in the compendium, including new synonymies, new combinations, status novus, lectotype selection etc. A detailed list is provided of museums and other institutional collections that house type specimens. An index is included. The Treatise is intended to provide an authoritative foundation for taxonomic work on the Isoptera, present and future.
Plant regeneration from callus culture of Arnica montana

The presented study was targeted to establish a protocol for indirect organogenesis from leaf explants of Arnica montana, an important medicinal plant for pharmaceutical and cosmetic use. For callus induction, two different types of explants (leaf and petiole segments) from three-months-old in vitro plants were cultivated on Murashige and Skoog medium (MS) supplemented with 0.1 mg/l 2,4-D (2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid). The efficiency of callus formation from leaf explants was 90%. Our results showed that shoot regeneration from leaf-derived callus was possible in MS medium supplemented with 1 mg/l BA (N-benzyladenine) and 0.1 mg/l 2,4-D. However, the intensity of shoot regeneration was low (0.86 shoots/explant). The organogenic capabilities were demonstrated during two subcultivations on the same medium. The mean number of shoots per explant increased gradually during passages and reaches up to 2.1. For micropropagation, the regenerated plants were cultivated on MS media, supplemented with cytokinins: BA, Kinetin, Zeatin and 2-iP (6-γ, γ-dimethylallylamino purine) and auxin IAA (indole-3-acetic acid). Rapid proliferation of shoots (16.3 shoots/explant) was achieved onto MS medium supplemented with 1.0 mg/l BA and 0.1 mg/l IAA. All the micro-shoots produced normal roots on 1⁄2 MS medium containing 0.5 mg/l IBA (indole butyric acid) in four weeks of culture.
Self-Efficacy and Declines Over Time in Attachment Anxiety During the Transition to Parenthood

Attachment anxiety can decline in relationships but little is known about how or why. A new framework—the Attachment Security Enhancement Model (ASEM)—suggests that what allays current (momentary) insecurity may not necessarily reduce attachment anxiety across time. This article differentiates momentary versus extended attachment processes by examining concurrent versus longitudinal associations. Cohabitating partners (N = 137 couples) were examined over a 2-year period as they became first-time parents, a transition that could change attachment tendencies. Consistent with ASEM predictions: (1) Anxiously attached spouses who perceived more proximal and sensitive reassurance from their partners felt less concurrent attachment anxiety but not less anxiety across time, and (2) attachment anxiety declined across time when spouses derived personal competence and self-efficacy from their new parenting role. These results document an important distinction between mitigating insecure thoughts and feelings that might reinforce attachment anxiety, versus encountering new experiences that may actually revise chronic insecurity.
Prune Belly Syndrome , the Unusual Presentation of the Rare Pathology

Prune-belly syndrome (PBS) is a rare congenital disorder that mainly affects males and is manifested by a triad of weak or deficient abdominal wall muscles, urinary tract malformation, and cryptorchidism. It has an estimated incidence of 2 3 per 100,000 live births. Although it has been reported to almost always affect males, there have been a few reported cases of females affected with PBS in the literature [1]. We hereby report three cases of PBS delivered at King Abdullah University Hospital (KAUH), a tertiary academic hospital in North of Jordan. Each of these cases has something peculiar that makes this series worth reporting. We also conducted a thorough literature review about PBS and included a quick review about presentation, management and suggestions.
Emergence of Argumentation in Elementary Students’ Science Learning

In the field of science education, argumentation has been supported as a core practice for scientific literacy. Although studies on student argumentation have exploded in recent years, research on argumentation as an emergent phenomenon in school science education has been very limited. This paper aims to explore whether and how elementary students’ argumentation spontaneously emerges in the science classroom setting without pre-designed argument-focused interventions. A qualitative case study was conducted in a fifth-/sixth-grade science classroom in Canada over a 4-month period. Data were collected with multiple methods, including observation and interviews. Qualitative data analysis revealed student argumentation often occurred spontaneously in their collaborative problem-solving, when they 1) questioned the rationales of each other’s ideas and 2) attempted to reach consensus on their group problem-solving. It was also found that students’ appreciation of their collaboration and teachers’ scaffolding in problem-solving contexts positively influenced scientific argumentation to emerge and develop.
Glioma stem cells and their roles within the hypoxic tumor microenvironment

Tumor microenvironments are the result of cellular alterations in cancer that support unrestricted growth and proliferation and result in further modifications in cell behavior, which are critical for tumor progression. Angiogenesis and therapeutic resistance are known to be modulated by hypoxia and other tumor microenvironments, such as acidic stress, both of which are core features of the glioblastoma microenvironment. Hypoxia has also been shown to promote a stem-like state in both non-neoplastic and tumor cells. In glial tumors, glioma stem cells (GSCs) are central in tumor growth, angiogenesis, and therapeutic resistance, and further investigation of the interplay between tumor microenvironments and GSCs is critical to the search for better treatment options for glioblastoma. Accordingly, we summarize the impact of hypoxia and acidic stress on GSC signaling and biologic phenotypes, and potential methods to inhibit these pathways.
A Comparative Decomposition Analysis of the Factors Driving Energy-Related Carbon Emissions from Three Typical Provinces in China: Jiangsu, Henan and Inner Mongolia

Abstract: An accurate understanding of the real situation of energy-related carbon emissions and the main factors driving the carbon emissions increments are crucial for China to realize its emission mitigation targets. Adopting the comparative decomposition of an extended LMDI (Log-Mean Divisia Index) approach, this study decomposed the changes in carbon emissions of Jiangsu, Henan, and Inner Mongolia, which are located in the eastern, central and western parts of China. This analysis led to three main findings. 1) During the period of 1996–2017, the energy-related carbon emissions in the examined provinces exhibited upward trends, but with some differences among the provinces. 2) The influences of driving factors on carbon emissions varied distinctly in different provinces and economic stages. Economic growth had the largest positive effect on provincial carbon emissions increases. From 1996 to 2017, the contribution rates of economic development to emissions growth in Henan, Jiangsu and Inner Mongolia were 307.19%, 205.08% and 161.26%, respectively. This influence was followed by urbanization and population size. 3) Energy intensity played a leading role in facilitating emissions-reduction in the examined provinces, except for during the tenth Five-Year Plan, followed by the energy structure. The effect of rural population proportion was the weakest among all the curbing factors. Furthermore, urban and rural resident′s energy consumption per capita demonstrated relatively minor impacts and disparate directions of influence in the different provinces and economic periods, but began to play increasing roles in driving up provincial emissions changes. For example, residential energy consumption in Jiangsu contributed over 7.9% to the total carbon emission growth in 1996-2017, among which urban residents' per-capita energy consumption contributed more than 3.8%. In view of these findings, policy makers should formulate targeted emission reduction measures that are based on the distinct situations and key factors which affect carbon emissions in each province.
Computational modeling identifies embolic stroke of undetermined source patients with potential arrhythmic substrate

Background: Late-gadolinium enhanced (LGE)-MRI has revealed atrial fibrotic remodeling in embolic stroke of undetermined source (ESUS) patients comparable to that observed in atrial fibrillation (AFib) patients. The absence of AFib in ESUS patients may be due to differences in the fibrotic substrate characteristics or the lack of triggers needed to initiate AFib. We used simulations in computational models reconstructed from LGE-MRI scans to study the role of atrial fibrosis as a pathophysiological link between AFib and ESUS. Methods: ESUS (per standard criteria) was verified by a neurologist. 45 ablation-naive AFib patients and 45 ESUS patients within three months of stroke underwent LGE-MRI for fibrosis assessment. Left atrial (LA) models were built from LGE-MRI scans. Fiber orientations were mapped into each LA model using universal atrial coordinates. Burst pacing from 15 known AFib trigger sites was used to test inducibility of arrhythmia sustained by reentry. Results: We observed sustained reentry in 23/45 (51%) ESUS and 28/45 (62%) AFib models. Overall, the fibrosis burden was significantly higher for patients in whom simulations showed inducibility (16.8 {+/-} 5.04% vs. 10.19 {+/-} 3.14%; P<0.0001); however, within the inducible and non-inducible sub-groups, there was no significant difference in fibrosis burden for ESUS vs. AFib patients (P=0.068 and P=0.58, respectively). This suggests that the presence of a pre-clinical substrate in ESUS is correlated with fibrosis burden, although exceptions to this supposition were not uncommon (i.e., inducible low-fibrosis and non-inducible high-fibrosis models). Conclusions: In this modeling study, pro-arrhythmic properties of fibrosis in ESUS and AFib are indistinguishable suggesting that some ESUS patients have a pre-clinical fibrotic substrate but do not have AFib due to a lack of suitable triggers.
Personalized prediction of disease activity in patients with rheumatoid arthritis using an adaptive deep neural network

Background: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) lacks reliable biomarkers that predict disease evolution on an individual basis, potentially leading to over- and undertreatment. Deep neural networks learn from former experiences on a large scale and can be used to predict future events as a potential tool for personalized clinical assistance. Objective: To investigate deep learning for the prediction of individual disease activity in RA. Methods: Demographic and disease characteristics from over 9500 patients and 65.000 visits from the Swiss Quality Management (SCQM) database were used to train and evaluate an adaptive recurrent neural network (AdaptiveNet). Patient and disease characteristics along with clinical and patient reported outcomes, laboratory values and medication were used as input features. DAS28-BSR was used to predict active disease and future numeric individual disease activity by classification and regression, respectively. Results: AdaptiveNet predicted active disease defined as DAS28-BSR>2.6 at the next visit with an overall accuracy of 75.6% and a sensitivity and specificity of 84.2% and 61.5%, respectively. Regression allowed forecasting individual DAS28-BSR values with a mean squared error of 0.9, corresponding to a variation between predicted and true values at next visit of 8%. Apart from DAS28-BSR, the most influential characteristics to predict disease activity were joint pain, disease duration, age and duration of treatment. Longer disease duration, age >50 years or antibody positivity marginally improved prediction performance. Conclusion: Deep neural networks have the capacity to predict individual numeric disease activity in RA. Low specificity remains challenging and might benefit from alternative input data or outcome targets.
High Prevalence of Deep Venous Thrombosis in Non-Severe COVID-19 Patients Hospitalized for a Neurovascular Disease

Introduction: Severe SARS-CoV-2 infection induces COVID-19 along with venous thromboembolic occurrences particularly in intensive care units. For non-severe COVID-19 patients affected by neurovascular diseases, the prevalence of deep venous thrombosis (DVT) is unknown. The aim of our study was to report data obtained after systematic Doppler ultrasound scanning (DUS) of lower limbs in such patients. Methods: Between March 20 and May 2, 2020, the deep venous system of 13 consecutive patients diagnosed with neurovascular diseases and non-severe COVID-19 was investigated with a systematic bedside DUS. Results: Thirteen patients were enrolled in the study including 9 acute ischaemic strokes, 1 occlusion of the ophthalmic artery, 1 transient ischaemic attack, 1 cerebral venous thrombosis and 1 haemorrhagic stroke. On admission, the median National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score was of 6 (IQR, 0–20). During the first week after admission, and despite thromboprophylaxis, we found a prevalence of 38.5% of asymptomatic calves’ DVT (n = 5). One patient developed a symptomatic pulmonary embolism and 2 other patients died during hospitalization. The outcome was positive for the other patients with a discharge median NIHSS score of 1 (IQR, 0–11). Discussion/Conclusion: Despite thromboprophylaxis, systematic bedside DUS showed a high prevalence (38.5%) of asymptomatic DVT in non-severe COVID-19 patients suffering from a neurovascular disease. In the absence of a reliable marker of DVT, we suggest that this non-invasive investigation could be an interesting tool to monitor peripheral venous thrombotic complications in such patients.
Do Specialty Programs for Justice-Involved People With Mental Illness Exacerbate Stigma?

Specialty mental health probation caseloads have shown promise in reducing recidivism for justice-involved people with mental illness. However, assignment to these caseloads may be stigmatizing due to labeling effects. We examined (1) whether assignment to specialty probation versus traditional probation is associated with greater internalized stigma among clients and (2) whether probation officers are the source of some of this stigmatization. As part of a multisite longitudinal study, 138 specialty probation clients and 148 similar clients from traditional probation rated their internalized stigma of mental illness, and officers rated their attitudes toward each of their supervisees. Specialty probation clients experienced more internalized stigma (d = .61) than traditional clients. Although both specialty and traditional officers held stigmatizing attitudes toward clients, only traditional officers’ attitudes were associated with clients’ internalized stigma. Probation officers from both types of agency may benefit from antistigma interventions to effectively work with clients with mental illness.
Bilateral spores in New World grammitid ferns

Most of the grammitid ferns, now placed by many authors in a separate family, Grammitidaceae, or a subfamily, Grammitidoideae, of the Polypodiaceae, were at one time classified as members of the genus Polypodium. In 1967 Morton wrote, "Evidence . has been accumulating in recent years that there are two major groups of species-those centering around the true Polypodium, as typified by P. vulgare L. , and those belonging to Grammitis Swartz and some closely related small genera. " Ching (1940) created a family, Grammitaceae, to accommodate these dwarf polypodies. In 1947 Holttum recognized the family, which he revised to Grammitidaceae, and later wrote (1955), "There are no intermediates between them and any true Polypodiaceae, and a close relationship seems very doubtful. " After treating them, in 1947 and previously, as members of the Polypodiaceae, Copeland came to believe the group should have family status (1951). In her revision of Grammitis in New Guinea, Parris (1983) placed the genus in Grammitidaceae and gave a history of the family classification. Most authors have accorded the grammitid ferns family status, but W. Wagner (1973) retained them in a subfamily, the Grammitidoideae of the Polypodiaceae, and Tryon and Tryon (1982) placed them in a tribe, the Grammitideae of the Poly
Knowledge and attitude on infant oral health among graduating medical students in kulasekaram

AIM: This study was intended to evaluate the knowledge and attitudes regarding infant's oral health care among graduating medical students from Kulasekaram, Tamil Nadu. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional survey research design was employed in this study. Self-administered questionnaire of the validated “Graduating medical students' Knowledge and Attitudes Survey Regarding Infant's oral health care” were utilized to ascertain the baseline levels of knowledge and attitudes of graduating medical students' in Kulasekaram hospital. In this regard, a preliminary study with a convenience sample of 100 medical students was conducted so as to assess the knowledge of infant oral health care among graduating medical students in Kulasekaram. This study, while limited in sample size, benefits the general practitioners as target readers to assess the abnormalities in children at early stages of life. RESULTS: The results of the study revealed that the mean percentage score overall was 65.7%. Only 3.2% of participants obtained a passing score of 80% or greater. Widespread knowledge deficits and poor attitudes among graduating medical students were noted in this study, particularly in the domain of pharmacological management of pain. Positive correlations were observed between the respondents' score and level of education. Further analysis revealed respondents had an inaccurate self-evaluation of their pain management knowledge. CONCLUSION: The results of this study reveal that there is dearth of knowledge and attitudes of graduating medical students' regarding infant oral health care. Educational and quality improvement initiatives in oral health care of infants could enhance medical student's knowledge baseline in the area of oral health care and possibly improve practices.
Investigating the relationship between social support and quality of life in the elderly

BACKGROUND: Dynamic aging depends on providing opportunities to improve the quality of life of the elderly. The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between social support and quality of life in the elderly in Guilan. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This descriptive-correlational study was conducted in the elderly who visited urban public places in the East of Guilan (mosques, parks, weekly markets, and clubs). A total of 168 elderly who met the inclusion criteria were selected through two-stage, cluster, and convenience sampling. Data were collected using Phillips Standard 23-item social support scale and 12-item quality of life scale-short form. Data were analyzed through descriptive and inferential statistics (Pearson correlation coefficient). RESULTS: The mean score of social support in the elderly in Guilan was 73.25 ± 9.18 and the mean quality of life was obtained at 24.67 ± 7.06. Data analysis showed that there was a significant and positive correlation between social support and quality of life (r = 0.29, P < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: Increased social support leads to a higher quality of life in the elderly. Thus, it is necessary to timely identify the needs and promote comprehensive social support to improve the quality of life in the elderly.