Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Optimized protocol for quantification of extracellular nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide: evaluating clinical parameters and pre-analytical factors for translational research

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+), a coenzyme for more than 500 enzymes, plays a central role in energy production, metabolism, cellular signaling, and DNA repair. Until recently, NAD+ was primarily considered to be an intracellular molecule (iNAD+), however, its extracellular species (eNAD+) has recently been discovered and has since been associated with a multitude of pathological conditions. Therefore, accurate quantification of eNAD+ in bodily fluids such as plasma is paramount to answer important research questions. In order to create a clinically meaningful and reliable quantitation method, we analyzed the relationship of cell lysis, routine clinical laboratory parameters, blood collection techniques, and pre-analytical processing steps with measured plasma eNAD+ concentrations. Initially, NAD+ levels were assessed both intracellularly and extracellularly. Intriguingly, the concentration of eNAD+ in plasma was found to be approximately 500 times lower than iNAD+ in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (0.253 ± 0.02 μM vs. 131.8 ± 27.4 μM, p = 0.007, respectively). This stark contrast suggests that cellular damage or cell lysis could potentially affect the levels of eNAD+ in plasma. However, systemic lactate dehydrogenase in patient plasma, a marker of cell damage, did not significantly correlate with eNAD+ (n = 33; r = −0.397; p = 0.102). Furthermore, eNAD+ was negatively correlated with increasing c-reactive protein (CRP, n = 33; r = −0.451; p = 0.020), while eNAD+ was positively correlated with increasing hemoglobin (n = 33; r = 0.482; p = 0.005). Next, variations in blood drawing, sample handling and pre-analytical processes were examined. Sample storage durations at 4°C (0–120 min), temperature (0° to 25°C), cannula sizes for blood collection and tourniquet times (0 – 120 s) had no statistically significant effect on eNAD+ (p > 0.05). On the other hand, prolonged centrifugation (> 5 min) and a faster braking mode of the centrifuge rotor (< 4 min) resulted in a significant decrease in eNAD+ levels (p < 0.05). Taken together, CRP and hemoglobin appeared to be mildly correlated with eNAD+ levels whereas cell damage was not correlated significantly to eNAD+ levels. The blood drawing trial did not show any influence on eNAD+, in contrast, the preanalytical steps need to be standardized for accurate eNAD+ measurement. This work paves the way towards robust eNAD+ measurements, for use in future clinical and translational research, and provides an optimized hands-on protocol for reliable eNAD+ quantification in plasma.
Risk Behavior and Psychological Stress on the Incidence of Hypertension among Productive Age in Urban Communities

Indonesia has an increasing trend of hypertension cases annually. The incidence of hypertension in Indonesia was 25,8% in 2013 and 34,1% in 2018, with a higher prevalence in urban areas. Although the prevalence of hypertension is higher in older age, the potential burden of disease is greater at a younger age in experiencing cardiovascular disease and kidney failure in the future. This study aims to determine the relationship between risk behavior and psychological stress on hypertension among productive age in urban Indonesia. This is analytical observational research with a cross-sectional design that uses secondary data from the fifth Indonesian Family Life Survey (IFLS-5). The sample size was 3193 respondents who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The analysis is univariate, bivariate, and multivariate. Bivariate analysis using Chi-square and Fisher test obtained factors related to hypertension incidence are age 55-64 years old (p<0,001), age 45-54 years old (p<0,001), age 35-44 years old (p<0,001), education level (p=0,004), physical activity (p=0,020), and obesity (p<0,001). There is no significant relationship in other variables, including psychological stress. While through the test of logistic regression in multivariate analysis, factors that affect hypertension are age (p<0,001), gender (p=0,011), and obesity (p<0,001). The study concludes that obesity is the strongest influential variable on the incidence of hypertension among productive age in urban Indonesia. After controlling for other variables, obese individuals had 3,538 times more potential to develop hypertension compared to non-obese individuals (OR=3,538; 95% CI=2,763-4,532).
THE EFFECT OF ADDING DIFFERENT TYPES OF PROBIOTICS IN FISH FEED ON THE GROWTH AND SURVIVAL RATE OF CARP (Cyprinus carpio)

This study aimed to determine the effect of giving different types of probiotics in fish feed on carp's growth and survival rate (Cyprinus carpio). It was an experimental study with a completely randomized design that included four treatments and three replications. The treatment was divided into (A) 0 mL/kg addition of probiotics, (B) 10 mL/kg addition of probiotics, (C) 15 mL/kg addition of probiotics, and (D) 3 mL/kg addition of probiotics. The stocking density was 20 fish/aquarium, and the feeding frequency was three times per day. This study showed that adding different types of probiotics had a significant effect (p<0.05) on length growth, weight growth, and survival rate of carp. The best results for getting the highest length growth were obtained in treatment B with a value of 1,96 cm, and the highest increase in weight growth was also obtained in treatment B with a value of 1,49 g. Moreover, the highest survival rate observed was also obtained in treatment B, with a percentage of 85%.
Body Posture and Low Back Pain: Differences between Folk and Ballroom Dancers

(1) Background: Dance is extremely diverse in its styles. Each of them presents different training, dynamics, and figures that may impact the body posture and the occurrence of low back pain. This observational study aimed to compare the sagittal curvatures and the range of motion (ROM) of the spine, as well as the low back pain occurrence and its intensity between folk and ballroom dancers. (2) Methods: Fifty-one participants took part in the study (nineteen folk dancers, fifteen ballroom dancers, and seventeen non-dancers) aged 18–32. Study groups did not differ in anthropometric parameters as well as in dancing experience and training frequency. Study procedures included a self-administered questionnaire and a physical examination of the sagittal spine curvatures and ROM. The questionnaire included questions about epidemiological data and the occurrence of chronic pain and its intensity using a Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). (3) Results: There was a significant difference in thoracic kyphosis angle between study groups (p = 0.02). The greatest angle was found in folk dancers and the lowest in ballroom dancers (40 vs. 33 respectively). We have found no significant differences in spine ROM, low back pain occurrence, and intensity between study groups (p > 0.05). We have found no correlation between low back pain and spine curvatures and ROM in dancers (p > 0.05), however, we found a very strong and negative correlation between thoracic spine range of motion and the pain intensity in non-dancers (R= −0.95, p = 0.003). The analysis also revealed that only in folk dancers, but not in ballroom dancers, the BMI correlates positively with dancing experience (R = 0.67, p = 0.002). (4) Conclusions: There are no differences in low back pain occurrence and pain intensity between folk and ballroom dancers, however, the prevalence of low back pain in dancers is very high. Folk dancers seem to have more flexed body posture compared to ballroom dancers.
Challenges in Diagnosing Post-Splenectomy Cytomegalovirus Mononucleosis

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection is often asymptomatic. However, in certain individuals, it can cause non-specific signs and symptoms that maybe hard to recognise. The condition may therefore be overlooked or misdiagnosed, leading to prolonged illness and serious sequelae. In this case report, we present a rare instance of CMV infection in an HIV-negative patient who had a remote history of splenectomy and was experiencing prolonged fever and markedly elevated white blood cell (WBC) count. LEARNING POINTS The clinical presentation of CMV infection in a post-splenectomy patient can be intricate and deceptive, involving non-specific symptoms such as prolonged fever and a markedly elevated WBC count. The decision on treatment among individuals without apparent risk factors (such as AIDS, transplant, or cancers) led to in-depth deliberations and discussion. Post-splenectomy patients with CMV infection may exhibit prolonged illness, potentially leading to severe consequences if left untreated.
Profiling of the bacterial pathogens associated with hospital acquired infections in hospitals within makurdi metropolis, middle belt, nigeria.

Background: Nosocomial bacteria are bacteria that cause diseases acquired from the hospital environments. Aim: This study looked into profile of bacterial pathogens associated with nosocomial infections in hospitals within Makurdi metropolis. Result: A total of 71 bacterial pathogens were encountered from 240 samples analysed from three hospitals in Makurdi metropolis. Of the 71 isolates, 46(64.8%) were Gram positive and 25(35.2%) were Gram negative. The Gram positive constituting S. aureus (50.70%) and staphylococcus spp (14.08%) while the Gram negative constituting E. coli (15.50%), klebsiella spp (7.04%) and P. aeruginosa (12.68%). Out of 21(29.58%) isolates cultured from hand swabs, the bacterial pathogens from hand swab at F M C was the highest 12(57.14%) followed by C H M 5(23.81%) while B M M C has the least profile of 4(19.05%). With regards to hospital air, the highest profile of nosocomial bacteria was also from F M C 8(61.54%), followed by B M M C 4(30.77%) while C H M had just only one isolate 1(7.69%). Of 21(29.58%) isolates from B M M C; 10(47.62%) S. aureus, 4(19.05%) Staphylococcus spp, 2(9.52%) P. aeruginosa and 5(23.81%) Escherichia coli were obtained. In C H M, out of 18(25.35%) bacterial pathogens evolved constituting 12(66.67%) S. aureus, 2(11.11%) Staphylococcus spp, 1(5.56%) P. aeruginosa and 3(16.67%) E. coli. Whereas, the profile of 32(45.07) isolates in Federal Medical Centre Makurdi constituting 14(43.75%) S. aureus, 4(12.50%) Staphylococcus spp, 6(18.75%) P. aeruginosa, 3(9.38%) E. coli and 5(15.63%) Klebsiella spp were obtained. The antibiotic susceptibility pattern to Staphylococcus spp reveals that the highest level of sensitivity were demonstrated by Cloxacillin and Ofloxacin with 50%, followed by Augumentin and Cefuroxime with 40%, Gentamicin (30%), Erythromycin (20%) and least sensitivity with Ceftriazone (10%) while Ceftazidime has the highest resistance recorded 0% sensitivity. E. coli has the highest sensitivity on Ceftazidime having 81.8% and Gentamicin 63.6%, Ofloxacin also displayed a high level of sensitivity to isolates tested with 63.6% sensitive, follow by Cefuroxime (45.5%). Conclusion: This study showed that nosocomial bacterial pathogens particularly, S. aureus, P. aeruginosa, Staphylococcus spp and enteric bacteria, E. coli and Klebsiella spp are the predominant pathogens associated with infections acquired in hospital environment.So, information on resistance patterns of isolates encountered in this study will assist the clinicians in making improvement in management of nosocomial infections. Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.18(2) 2019 p.368-378
Potential co-infection of influenza A, influenza B, respiratory syncytial virus, and Chlamydia pneumoniae: a case report with literature review

The occurrence of a co-infection involving four distinct respiratory pathogens could be underestimated. Here, we report the case of a 72-year-old woman who presented to a community hospital with a cough productive of sputum as her main clinical manifestation. Antibody detection of common respiratory pathogens revealed potential co-infection with influenza A, influenza B, respiratory syncytial virus, and Chlamydia pneumoniae. We treated her with 75 mg oseltamivir phosphate administered orally twice daily for 5 days, 0.5 g azithromycin administered orally for 5 days, and 0.3 g acetylcysteine aerosol inhaled twice daily for 3 days. The patient showed a favorable outcome on the eighth day after early diagnosis and treatment. Since co-infection with these four pathogens is rare, we performed an extensive PubMed search of similar cases and carried out a systematic review to analyze the epidemiology, clinical manifestations, transmission route, susceptible population, and outcomes of these four different pathogens. Our report highlights the importance for general practitioners to be vigilant about the possibility of mixed infections when a patient presents with respiratory symptoms. Although these symptoms may be mild, early diagnosis and timely treatment could improve outcomes. Additionally, further research is warranted to explore the potential influence of SARS-CoV-2 infection on the co-occurrence of multiple respiratory pathogens.
Board Characteristics And Financial Firms Performance In GCC

The study aims to bring forth evidence of the link among various boards' characteristics with the financial performance of banks operating within GCC markets. The sample consists of 97 banks with the time-series-cross-section (TSCS) data spanning for 10 years from 2010 to 2019. Non-financial sector firms have been excluded, as every sector has a different set of regulations and operating activities. The Random Effects model is employed for analysis. Findings reveal that the board meetings, board independence, and female board members have a negative and significant effect on the financial performance, which is measured by ROA (Return on Assets). However, the board size was found to be insignificant in the GCC financial firm context.
Analysis of the Sports Psychological Profile, Competitive Anxiety, Self-Confidence and Flow State in Young Football Players

The objective of this study was to analyse the correlations among the sports psychological profile, competitive anxiety, self-confidence and the flow state of young football players. Additionally, potential distinctions based on age category, competitive level and field position were explored. This study included 328 participants divided into two groups: Group 1, 14–15 year olds, and Group 2, 16–18 year olds (M = 15.85; SD = 1.44). Data were collected by using the Psychological Inventory of Sports Execution (IPED), the Revised Competitive State Anxiety Inventory-2 (CSAI-2R) and the Flow State Scale (FSS). The findings revealed positive associations between the sports psychological profile and self-confidence, as well as with the flow state. Conversely, competitive anxiety demonstrated negative relationships with the sports psychological profile, self-confidence and the state of flow. Moreover, superior scores were observed in the analysed variables for the older age category and higher competitive level, with no notable disparities based on field positions. These results underscore the interplay of psychological factors in the performance of football players and underline distinctions among players according to their category (age and level). This emphasises the importance of scrutinising these variables in athletes to comprehend their profiles and enable targeted interventions aimed at enhancing their psychological resources for competitive scenarios.
Water and nitrogen movement through a semiarid dryland agricultural catchment: Seasonal and decadal trends

Water and nutrient budgets in dryland agroecosystems are difficult to manage for efficiency and water quality. This is particularly true where complex terrain and soilscapes interact with pronounced hydrologic seasonality. The purpose of this research was to understand water and hydrologic nitrogen (N) export from a hillslope dryland agroecosystem in a semiarid region where most precipitation occurs outside the growing season. We studied 13 years (2001–2013) of records of water and N inputs and outputs from a 12 ha no‐till artificially drained catchment in the semiarid Palouse Basin of eastern Washington State, USA. Fall‐ and winter‐dominated annual precipitation averaged 462 mm. About 350 mm went to evapotranspiration; crops used ~160 mm from stored soil water during the summer dry‐down season. Soil water replenishment after crop senescence, during the fall wet‐up season, delayed the threshold onset of the high‐discharge season until December. Winter‐dominated drainage fluxes averaged 111 mm or 24% of annual precipitation. Nitrate export in drainage averaged 15 kg·N·ha−1·year−1, which was about 10 times the average rate of dissolved organic N export and 15% of the average rate of N application in chemical fertilizer. Fertilizer applications to the catchment were reduced, due to cropping changes, by 1/3 during the last 5 years of the study; however, no corresponding reduction was observed in the nitrate export flux. This lack of change could not be attributed to mineralization of the soil‐organic N legacy of fertilization nor to hydrologic lag of the catchment. Likeliest explanations are (a) despite the reduction, N application continued to exceed crop uptake and accumulation in organic matter; (b) seasonal and interannual variability of catchment connectivity resulted in year‐to‐year field‐scale nitrate storage and carryover. Water and N use efficiencies observed here may be near maximum obtainable for existing crops in this climate. Substantial improvements that would also address multiple environmental issues associated with the N cascade may involve shifts to perennial systems and/or rotations in which N is fixed biologically.
Modeling postconvective submesoscale coherent vortices in the northwestern Mediterranean Sea: MODELING POSTCONVECTIVE SCVS

For the first time, the formation of submesoscale coherent vortices (SCVs) during intermediate and deep convection events is documented in a realistic high-resolution (1 km) numerical simulation of the oceanic circulation in the northwestern Mediterranean Sea. Winter intermediate and deep convection leads to the formation of anticyclonic and cyclonic eddies with lifetimes exceeding 1 year. By focusing on three typical eddies, the main characteristics of such vortices are discussed. The anticyclonic eddies are typical of SCVs observed in deep convection areas so far. They are characterized by a small radius (∼6.5 km) and orbital peak velocities of about 7 cm/s located at great depth (∼1500 m) or intermediate depth (∼500 m). The cyclonic vortices show very similar characteristics, such as a high Rossby number (∼0.4), but with surface-intensified structures. The long lifetimes of both anticyclonic and cyclonic eddies reflect very slow diffusive processes between their core and their surroundings and a strong resistance to external perturbations. These long-lived eddies are found to participate in the spreading of a significant portion (from 15 to 35%) of the convected waters in the Gulf of Lions and contribute to the ventilation of the deep basin.
Predicting of a person's position in trajectory tracking from a continuous video stream

The paper proposes a method for predicting when a person enters a forbidden zone during his trajectory following a video stream, considering individual body parts. The authors used the PP-TinyPose PaddleHub neural network model with its implementation based on two deep neural networks to detect key points of the human body. The paper considers an example of human position prediction from a continuous video stream in indoor trajectory tracking. The authors predicted each key point in the coordinate space of the video stream using a recurrent deep neural network algorithm.
Spatial prediction of winter wheat yield gap: agro-climatic model and machine learning approaches

This study aimed to identify the most influential soil and environmental factors for predicting wheat yield (WY) in a part of irrigated croplands in southwest Iran, using the FAO-Agro-Climate method and machine learning algorithms (MLAs). A total of 60 soil samples and wheat grain (1 m × 1 m) in 1200 ha of Pasargad plain were collected and analyzed in the laboratory. Attainable WY was assessed using the FAO method for the area. Pearson correlation analysis was used to select the best set of soil properties for modeling. Topographic attributes and vegetation indices were used as proxies of landscape components and cover crop to map actual WY in the study area. Two well-known MLAs, random forest (RF) and artificial neural networks (ANNs), were utilized to prepare an actual continuous WY map. The k-fold method was used to determine the uncertainty of WY prediction and quantify the quality of prediction accuracy. Results showed that soil organic carbon (SOC) and total nitrogen (TN) had a positive and significant correlation with WY. The SOC, TN, normalized different vegetation index (NDVI), and channel network base level (CHN) were recognized as the most important predictors and justifying more than 50% of actual WY. The ANNs outperformed the RF algorithm with an R 2 of 0.75, RMSE of 400 (kg ha−1), and RPD of 2.79, according to statistical indices. The uncertainty analysis showed that the maximum uncertainty of the prediction map [400 (kg ha−1)] was very low compared to the mean value [4937 (kg ha−1)] of WY map. Calculation yield gap using the FAO-agro-climatic model showed that the average yield gap of the region was about 50% of actual yield. The findings of this study demonstrated that integrating simulated attainable crop growth using crop model and a set of soil and environmental covariates with the ANNs algorithm can effectively predict WY gaps in large areas with acceptable and reasonable accuracy. The study emphasizes that the implementation of efficient management practices has the potential to enhance agricultural production in the study area and similar regions. These results represent a significant advancement of sustainable agriculture and provide valuable insights for ensuring global food security.
Integrating values, ascribed responsibility and environmental concern to predict customers’ intention to visit green hotels: the mediating role of personal norm

Introduction It is crucial to understand the environmental friendly behavior of tourists. The utilization of natural resources by the tourists poses a significant threat to environmental sustainability. Fostering environmental friendly practices within tourism industry will help to protect future generation. The current study will evaluate the influence of values, ascribed responsibility, environmental concern and personal norms on customers’ intention to visit green hotels. Furthermore, it will assess the mediating effect of personal norms via ascribed responsibility and environmental concern. Methods The study collected data from Data 347 customers through a questionnaire survey method. Partial least square-structural equation model (PLS-SEM) was employed for the analysis of data. Results and discussion The findings indicate that values are significant factors affecting ascribed responsibility and environmental concern. Environmental concern direct impact on intention was insignificant. However, the environmental concern significantly affect intention to visit green hotels via personal norms indicating full mediating impact of personal norms.