Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Human lateral Frontal Pole contributes to control over social-emotional action

38 Regulation of emotional behavior is essential for human social interactions. Recent work has 39 exposed its cognitive complexity, as well as its unexpected reliance on portions of the anterior 40 prefrontal cortex (aPFC) also involved in exploration, relational reasoning, and counterfactual choice, 41 rather than on dorsolateral and medial prefrontal areas involved in several forms of cognitive 42 control. This study anatomically qualifies the contribution of aPFC territories to the regulation of 43 social-emotional actions, and explores a possible structural pathway through which emotional 44 regulation might be implemented. 45 We provide converging evidence from task-based fMRI, diffusion-weighted imaging, and 46 functional connectivity fingerprints for a novel neural element in emotional regulation. Task-based 47 fMRI in human male participants (N = 40) performing a social-emotional approach-avoidance task 48 identified aPFC territories involved in the regulation of social-emotional actions. Connectivity 49 fingerprints, based on diffusion-weighted imaging and resting-state connectivity, localized those task-50 defined frontal regions to the lateral frontal pole (FPl), an anatomically-defined portion of the aPFC 51 that lacks a homologous counterpart in macaque brains. Probabilistic tractography indicated that 10-52 20% of inter-individual variation in social-emotional regulation abilities is accounted for by the 53 strength of structural connectivity between FPl and amygdala. Evidence from an independent 54 replication sample (N = 50; 10 females) further substantiated this result. These findings provide novel 55 neuroanatomical evidence for incorporating FPl in models of control over human social-emotional 56 behavior. 57
MORTALITY AND MULTIPLE

Background : Mortality rates in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) are 1.5-1.6 fold higher than in the general population 1,2 . No recent data on mortality in large cohortsof RApatientsinItalyare available. Objectives : The aim of this study was to assess standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) and multiple causes of death in RA subjects living in the Veneto Region between
NUMERICAL COMPUTATIONS OF TIYRBULENot AMPLIFICATION IN SHOCK WAVE INTERACTIONS

Numerical computations are presented which illustrate and test various effects pertinent to the amplification and generation of turbulence in shock wave—turbulent boundary layer interactions. Several fundamental physical mechanisms are identified. Idealizations of these processes are examined by nonlinear numerical calculations. The results enable some limits to be placed s on the range of validity of existing linear theories. *Research Associate, supported by NASA Grant NAG1-109. Senior Staff Scientist, ICASE, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, supported by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration under NASA Contract Nos. NAS1-15810, NAS1-16394, and NAS1-17070. 'Head, Viscous Flow Branch, High —Speed Aerodynamics Division, NASA Langley Research Center, Associate Fellow AIAA. Introduction The applic&tion of low-speed turbulence modeling approaches to the calculation of high-speed boundary layers has proven quite successful, even up to Mach numbers on the order of 20 (e.g., Ref. 1). However, for shock waveturbulent boundary layer interactions computational results which are based on essentially low-speed turbulence models are generally unsatisfactory when applied to separated flow cases, where the mean flow is no longal largely pressure driven (e.g., Ref ,_ 2-3). The shock wave, from a simplistic viewpoint, could be considered as a very steep prr.sure gradient. Indeed, low-speed information, both theoretical and experimental (e.g., Refs. 4-5), for ouch pressure gradients indicate that "rapid distortion" concepts hold and, in the limit of extremely sharp gradients the Reynolds stress and turbulence intensities are "frozen ; " since there is insufficient residence time in the gradient for the turbulence to alter at all, let alone equilibrate. However, experimental information for shock wave-boundary layer interactions indicates significant amplifications of Reynolds stress and turbulence intensity across the shock wave (e.g., Refs. 6-11) and subsequent improvement in the capacity to withstand separation (Ref. 12). Evidently some new physics, associated perhaps with compressibility phenomena, is responsible for this amplification. Thiip is a situation where our extraordinary good fortune in applying low-speed turbulence modeling to high-speed flows has expired. The simpler aspects of the shock wave-turbulence interaction, i.e., the ba_Acal1,,y linear effects, are amenable to analysis. The decomposition of a general fluctuation into acoustic, entropy, and vorticity waives is well-known (e.g., Ref. 13). Some thro-e decades ago, Moore (Ref. 14), Ribner (Ref. 15), f Chang (Ref. 16), and Kerrebrock (Ref. 13), examined the effects of a shock
Advances of Sea-Ice Observations since ARCTIC 91

One of the first systematic sea ice studies in the central Arctic was carried out in 1991 during the International Arctic Ocean Expedition ARCTIC 91. The work program included in-situ measurements of physical sea-ice properties, and ground-based radar measurements in conjunction with the launch of the European Remote Sensing satellite ERS-1. Based on results and experiences made during this expedition, new measurement techniques were developed in the following years, in particular for the retrieval of sea-ice thickness. They were successfully tested and applied on several expeditions into the pack ice of the Arctic and Antarctic. Satellite instrument technology as well as the methods for analysing space-borne sea-ice observations have made large progress. Now, more than twenty years later, the annual Arctic summer sea-ice minimum extent has decreased dramatically, and the collected knowledge about sea-ice properties and interaction mechanisms between ocean, sea ice, and atmosphere is a key ingredient in explaining recent sea-ice cover variations and their impact on regional and global climate. In this paper, the authors pick up examples how sea-ice observation technology advanced during the past twenty years, thereby focusing on topics, which have largely been initiated during the ARCTIC 91 expedition. Zusammenfassung: Eine der ersten systematischen Untersuchungen des Meereises in der zentralen Arktis wurde 1991 während der Internationalen Nordpolarmeer-Expedition (ARCTIC 91) durchgeführt. Das Arbeitsprogramm beinhaltete in-situ Messungen von physikalischen Eigenschaften des Meereises sowie bodengebundene Radarmessungen im Zusammenhang mit dem Start des europäischen Fernerkundungssatelliten ERS-1. Auf Grundlage der auf dieser Expedition gewonnenen Ergebnisse und Erfahrungen wurden in den folgenden Jahren neue Messtechniken entwickelt, insbesondere für die Ermittlung der Meereisdicke. Diese Techniken wurden erfolgreich getestet und auf zahlreichen Expeditionen in das Packeis der Arktis und Antarktis angewendet. Auch die Technologie von Satelliteninstrumenten und die Methoden der Satellitendatenauswertung haben große Fortschritte gemacht. Mehr als zwanzig Jahre nach ARCTIC 91 nimmt das Sommerminimum der Meereisausdehnung dramatisch ab, und das gesammelte Wissen über die Eigenschaften des Meereises und die Wechselwirkung zwischen Ozean, Eis, und Atmosphäre ist eine wichtige Voraussetzung zur Erklärung von gegenwärtigen Variationen der Meereisbedeckung und deren Einfluss auf das regionale und globale Klima. In diesem Artikel zeigen die Autoren anhand von Beispielen, wie sich die Technologien zur Beobachtung des Meereises in den letzten 20 Jahren weiterentwickelt haben. Dabei konzentrieren sie sich auf Themenbereiche, die zu einem großen Teil auf der ARCTIC 91-Expedition
Limited effects of depth (0-80 cm) on communities of archaea, bacteria and fungi in paddy soil profiles Running title: microbial communities in paddy soil profiles

Most current microbial studies in paddy soils have focused on the top (0-20 cm) layer where rice roots are concentrated. To better understand the vertical distribution of microorganisms in paddy soils, we investigated the abundances, diversities and community compositions of archaea, bacteria and fungi in six geographically and climatically distinct paddy soil profiles from 0-80 cm depth. Although microbial abundances and OTU diversities largely decreased with soil depth, only the community composition of archaea (not bacteria or fungi) was associated with soil depth, echoing that only one archaeal OTU, but no bacterial or fungal OTUs, differed significantly between depth intervals in relative abundance. Mean annual temperature, precipitation and soil iron and manganese concentrations were significantly correlated with the ordinations of microbial communities for all three domains. Besides these common environmental factors, bacterial and archaeal community structures were also influenced by soil chloride and sulphate concentrations, while the concentrations of organic matter and total nitrogen were important explanatory factors for the variation in fungal community composition. Further analyses on putative bacterial functions showed significant differences between sampling sites rather than depth intervals, and suggested that bacterial OTUs that significantly varied in relative abundance across sampling sites might be functionally related to OM decomposition, sulphur oxidation and reduction, as well as nitrate reduction. Altogether, in the studied paddy soil profiles, the community composition and putative functions of bacteria were largely the same between different vertical layers each with a thickness of 20 cm. This study suggests that the community compositions of archaea, bacteria, and fungi are mainly driven by different soil chemical properties rather than soil depth, which could be linked to the ecological traits of the three microbial domains.
Drags : A Simple Algebraic Framework for Graph Rewriting I

We are interested in a natural generalization of term-rewriting techniques to what we call drags, viz. finite, directed, ordered, rooted multigraphs, each vertex of which is labeled by a function symbol. To this end, we develop a rich algebra of drags that generalizes the familiar term algebra and its associated rewriting capabilities. Viewing graphs as terms provides an initial building block for rewriting with such graphs, one that should impact the many areas where computations take place on graphs. This paper is dedicated to the memory of Maurice Nivat, a colleague and friend of both authors. During his career, Maurice impacted many research areas, including formal language theory, combinatorics, semantics of programming languages, concurrency, and discrete geometry. His interest in formal languages lead him to study confluence properties of rewriting words, and his interest in concurrency lead him to study languages of paths. The present work follows
Clean electricity Clean electricity procurement for procurement for electrolytic hydrogen: electrolytic hydrogen:

The degree of time matching between electricity consumption by water electrolyzers and contracted variable renewable energy (VRE) required to qualify as “low-carbon” hydrogen (H 2 ) has spurred a vigorous debate with billion-dollar ramifications. We show that conflicting literature results about the appropriate time-matching requirement are explained by two different interpretations of “additionality” of the contracted VRE. Significantly lower consequential emissions are achievable under annual time-matching in the additionality framework that presumes VRE for non-H 2 electricity demand does not compete with VRE for H 2 (“non-compete” framework), as opposed to the framework where all VRE resources are in direct competition (“compete”). We further investigate the interaction of time-matching requirements for H 2 production with four energy system-relevant policies, which suggests that the “compete” additionality framework without regard for the policy context is likely to overestimate the emissions impact of annual matching and underestimate those of hourly matching. We argue for a “phased approach” in defining time-matching requirements for the attribution of the H 2 production tax credits in the U.S. context - start with annual time-matching in the near-term, where conditions resemble the “non-compete” framework, followed by phase-in and subsequent phase out of hourly time-matching requirements as the grid is deeply decarbonized. The findings are broadly applicable to design low-carbon emissions accounting standards for any grid-connected load.
Estimating patterns in the under-reporting of suicide deaths in India: comparison of administrative data and Global Burden of Disease Study

Background: It has been proposed that the National Crime Records Bureau (NCRB), which reports suicides in India, differentially under-enumerates suicides by geographic and demographic factors. We assessed the extent of potential under-enumeration by comparing suicides recorded in NCRB data with recent estimates of Indian suicides developed by the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) initiative. Methods: Age standardised suicide rates were calculated for both data sources by sex, age and state, and rate ratios of NCRB to GBD estimates by corresponding strata were compared to ascertain the relative underreporting in the NCRB report. Results: The GBD study reported an additional 802,684 deaths by suicide (333,558 male and 469,126 female suicide deaths) compared to the NCRB report between 2005-2015. Among males, the average under-reporting was 27% (range 21%-31%) per year, and, among females, the average underreporting was 50% (range 47%54%) per year. Under-reporting was more evident among younger (15-29 years) and older age groups (≥60 years) compared to middle age groups. Indian states belonging to low Socio Demographic Index (SDI) generally had greater under-enumeration compared to middle and high SDI states. Conclusion: NCRB data under-reports suicides in India, and differentially by sex, age, and geographic area, possibly because of lack of community level reporting of suicides due to social stigma and legal consequences. While the recent decriminalisation of suicide is expected to improve community level reporting of suicides, suicide prevention policies should be developed, with a priority to address social stigma attached with suicide and suicidal behaviour, especially among females.
Numerical investigation of interaction between anticyclonic eddy and semidiurnal internal tide in the northeastern South China Sea

Abstract. We investigate the interaction between an anticyclonic eddy (AE) and semidiurnal internal tide (SIT) on the continental slope of the northeastern South China Sea (SCS), using a high spatiotemporal resolution numerical model. Two key findings are as follows: first, the AE promotes energy conversion from low-mode to higher-mode SIT. Additionally, production terms indicate that energy is also transferred from the SIT field to the eddy field at an average rate of 3.0 mW m−2 (accounting for 7 % of the incoming energy flux of SIT when integrated over the eddy diameter). Second, the AE can modify the spatial distribution of tidal-induced dissipation by refracting, scattering, and reflecting low-mode SIT. The phase and group velocities of the SIT are significantly influenced by the eddy field, resulting in a northward or southward shift in the internal tidal rays. These findings deepen our understanding of the complex interactions between AE and SIT, as well as their impacts on energy conversion, wave propagation, and coastal processes.
Parental Mediation of Advertising 2 Originality/value: This study adds novel insights to the literature on consumer socialization by investigating how parents – the primary socialization agents in children’s development of consumption-related behaviors – help children understand advertising across d

Purpose: The purposes of this study are (1) to examine how parents implement discussion-based parental mediation (i.e., active mediation) to influence the way children understand advertising on television, computers, and smartphones, and (2) to investigate factors associated with parental mediation practices. Design/methodology/approach: A survey was conducted with parents in Singapore whose children were watching television, using computers with internet access, and using smartphones. Findings: The degree to which parents engage in active mediation of advertising is similar across different media. Active mediation of advertising is more a function of parents’ attitudes toward advertising directed to children, parents’ concerns about media influence on their children, and parental self-efficacy, rather than the age of their children. Research limitations/implications: The survey was conducted in a single country and did not examine the consequences of parental mediation of advertising. Future research should consider cross-cultural perspectives and investigate the outcomes of parental mediation. Practical implications: For advertising practitioners, this study argues that it is important to understand how parents view different forms of advertising. For media educators and policy makers, this study suggests that various parental factors should be considered to develop effective guidelines for parents. Parental Mediation of Advertising 2 Originality/value: This study adds novel insights to the literature on consumer socialization by investigating how parents – the primary socialization agents in children’s development of consumption-related behaviors – help children understand advertising across different media.
Selecting the Most Optimal Conditions for the Polygraph Examination

We wrote (Saldžiūnas and Kovalenka 2008, 2009a, b, c, d), just like other authors, about the conditions of the polygraph examination which enable obtaining maximally objective and reliable results. Let us remember that the stimulus (or the question) applied and the environment are among factors important for the examination. Th e impact of the stimulus on the responses depends on the way the question is formulated (Kniazev et al. 2012) and on the depth, timbre, and duration of the voice
Evaluation of the Outcomes of Gastrointestinal Endoscopic Examination in Patients with Iron Deficiency in the Light of Current Guidelines

Introduction : Chronic blood loss and intestinal malabsorption of iron are two important causes of iron deficiency (ID) in adult patients. We evaluated the demographic data and endoscopy findings of patients who underwent endoscopic examination due to iron deficiency. Material and Method: The study was designed retrospectively.The database of patients who underwent endoscopic examination due to ID and/or iron deficiency anemia (IDA) in the endoscopy unit of our hospital between June 2017-April 2020 were found by scanning the hospital database. After exclusion of patients with active bleeding, remaining 326 patients were evaluated. Findings : Median age of the patients was 58 years. The participants included 182 males and 144 females. Ninety three patients were below 50 years of age whereas 133 patients were over 50 years old. Endoscopy (EGD) was performed in 13.2% of the patients; colonoscopy was performed in 2.5% of them; and endoscopy + colonoscopy (bidirectional procedure) was performed in 84.4%. Endoscopic examinations revealed pathological findings that may cause ID/ IDA in 69.3% of the patients; however, no gastrointestinal pathology was detected in 30.7%. Twelve patients were diagnosed with malign diseases. Detection of any pathology that may cause ID/IDA during endoscopic examinations was significantly more in the bidirectional examination group when compared to patients who had only EGD or colonoscopy (p<0.001). Furthermore, concomitant pathologies in both lower and upper GIS were detected in 17.5% of the patients in the bidirectional examination group. Conclusion : Bidirectional endoscopic examinations according to guideline recommendations increase diagnostic efficiency compared to one-sided examinations.
Corticotropin-releasing hormone-induced vasodilatation in the human fetal-placental circulation: involvement of the nitric oxide-cyclic guanosine 3',5'-monophosphate-mediated pathway.

This study has used an in vitro perfusion method to investigate the mechanism by which CRH causes vasodilatation in the human fetal-placental circulation. In normal term placentas, vasodilatory responses to human CRH (24-7000 pmol/L) were examined during submaximal vasoconstriction (100-120 mm Hg) of the fetal-placental vasculature induced by prostaglandin F2 alpha (0.7-2 mumol/L), KCl (50-100 mmol/L), or the thromboxane A2 mimetic, U46619 (0.05-0.5 mumol/L). Infusion of CRH caused a concentration-dependent vasodilatation that was similar in the presence of each constrictor agent (P > 0.05). The CRH antagonist, alpha-helical CRH-(9-41) (200 pmol/L), and a polyclonal CRH antiserum significantly inhibited CRH-induced vasodilatation during constriction with prostaglandin F2 alpha (P < 0.05). Vasodilatory responses to CRH were attenuated by the nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, N omega-nitro-L-arginine (100 mumol/L; P < 0.05), and the guanylate cyclase inhibitor, LY 83583 (1 mumol/L; P < 0.05), but not by the cyclooxygenase inhibitor, indomethacin (3 mumol/L; P > 0.05). In placentas of women with increased fetal vascular resistance, as demonstrated by Doppler ultrasound waveforms in vivo, CRH-induced vasodilatation was significantly reduced (P < 0.05). These results indicate that in the human fetal-placental circulation, CRH causes a vasodilatory response via a nitric oxide-/cGMP-dependent pathway. CRH may play a role in the control of vascular resistance to blood flow in the normal human placenta, and there may be a deficiency in the CRH signaling pathway of placentas with increased fetal vascular resistance.
Optimal economic design of mail surveys: influences on response rates and the impact of responses to a second mailing

Mail surveys are used to gather information in order to make inferences about populations. This study examines cost effective methods to maximize response rates to a mail survey. A consumer mail survey was developed and used to study consumer demand for safer foods. In addition, the study will verify if additional responses from follow-up mailings changes econometric analysis results, thus validating follow-up mailing costs. A test was created to maximize response rates and incentives were used in both mailings. An Ordinary Least Square (OLS) model was developed to analyze response rates and mail survey costs while a willingness to pay model and an ordered probit were used for the consumer demand analysis. Results showed that when a consumer survey was sent to a city within the school’s state no incentive should be included while if sent to a city outside the school’s state an incentive should be included. Moreover, if the outcome from the first mailing resulted in a low response rate a monetary incentive should be included in the follow-up mailing to increase response rates. Results from the consumer willingness to pay for irradiated salad greens showed that consumers are willing to pay higher prices for irradiated salad greens. Furthermore, results showed that there is no statistical difference between the coefficients, in both the willingness to pay and the ordered probit, from the model using additional observations from follow-up mailing and the model that included only observations from the first mailing. Even though coefficients were not statistically different in the ordered probit, significance of the marginal effects for some variables were different between models. OPTIMAL ECONOMIC DESIGN OF MAIL SURVEYS: INFLUENCES ON RESPONSE RATES AND THE IMPACT OF RESPONSES TO A SECOND MAILING