Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Field Bioassay of Beaver Castoreum and Some of Its Components

The response of free-living beavers (Castor canadensis) to castoreum and some of its components was determined through a series of field bioassay experiments in southeastern Ohio. Beavers responded to test scents containing castoreum and the neutral and phenol components but not the carboxylic acid and amine components. Urine from the bladder did not attract beaver, whereas urine after it passed the castor sacs and mixed with the contents of the castor sacs was an attractant. No seasonal difference characterized the response to castoreum, and the response to castoreum from adult male and female beavers was not different. The function of odor profiles of beaver and scent mounds are discussed.
The PC Industry: New Economy or Early Life-Cycle?

The paper studies the co-evolution of industrial turbulence and financial volatility in the early phase of the life-cycle of an old high-tech industry and a new high-tech industry: the U.S. auto industry from 1899-1929 and the U.S. PC industry from 1974-2000. In both industries, the first three decades were characterized by industrial turbulence: radical technological change, high entry and exit rates, and rapidly falling prices. However, unlike in the auto industry, in the PC industry technological change and new entry did not lead to strong instability of market shares-at the core of the monopoly-destroying effect of Schumpeterian creative destruction-until the 1990s, when the lead of the incumbents from the pre-existing mainframe and minicomputer industries was undermined. In both industries, stock prices were the most volatile and idiosyncratic during those years in which technological change disrupted market shares the most (Autos: 1918-1928; PCs: 1990-2000).
THE SHARPE RATIO AND PREFERENCES: A PARAMETRIC APPROACH

We use a log-normal framework to examine the effect of preferences on the market price for risk, that is, the Sharpe ratio. In our framework, the Sharpe ratio can be calculated directly from the elasticity of the stochastic discount factor with respect to consumption innovations as well as the volatility of consumption innovations. This can be understood as an analytical shortcut to the calculation of the Hansen–Jagannathan volatility bounds, and therefore provides a convenient tool for theorists searching for models capable of explaining asset-pricing facts. To illustrate the usefulness of our approach, we examine several popular preference specifications, such as CRRA, various types of habit formation, and the recursive preferences of Epstein–Zin–Weil. Furthermore, we show how the models with idiosyncratic consumption shocks can be studied.
Talking to Adults : The Contribution of Multiparty Discourse to Language Acquisition

Contents: Editors' Introduction. Part I: Issues in the Development of Extended Discourse: Narratives and Explanations. D.E. Beals, C.E. Snow, Deciding What to Tell: Selecting and Elaborating Narrative Topics in Family Interaction and Children's Elicited Personal Experience Stories. A. Georgakopoulou, Greek Children and Familiar Narratives in Family Contexts: En Route to Cultural Performances. V.G. Aukrust, "What Did You Do in School Today? " Speech Genres and Tellability in Multiparty Family Mealtime Conversations in Two Cultures. S. Blum-Kulka, "Do You Believe That Lot's Wife Is Blocking the Road (to Jericho)? " Co-Constructing Theories About the World With Adults. A. Nicopoulou, Peer-Group Culture and Narrative Development. Part II: The Language of Affect and Humor: Pragmatic Developmental Perspectives. C. Herot, Socialization of Affect During Mealtime Interactions. R. Nevat-Gal, Cognitive Expressions and Humorous Phrases in Family Discourse as Reflectors and Cultivators of Cognition. A. Fasulo, V. Liberati, C. Pontecorvo, Language Games in the Strict Sense of the Term: Children's Poetics and Conversation. Part III: Issues of Context and Culture in Pragmatic Development. P. Brown, Everyone Has to Lie in Tzeltal. K. Aronsson, M. Thorell, Voice and Collusion in Adult-Child Talk: Toward an Architecture of Intersubjectivity. H. Kasuya, Bilingual Context for Language Development. C.E. Snow, S. Blum-Kulka, From Home to School: School-Age Children Talking With Adults.
Risk-Adjusted Analysis of Patients Undergoing Emergency Laparotomy Using POSSUM and P-POSSUM Score: A Prospective Study

Background: Comparison of operative morbidity rates after emergency laparotomy between units may be misleading because it does not take into account the physiological variables of patients' conditions. Surgical risk scores have been created, and the most commonly used is the Physiological and Operative Severity Score for the enumeration of Mortality (POSSUM) or one of its modifications, the Portsmouth-POSSUM (P-POSSUM), usually requires intraoperative information. Objective: The objective of this study is to evaluate the POSSUM and P-POSSUM scores in predicting postoperative morbidity and mortality in patients undergoing emergency laparotomy. Methodology: This is a prospective, cross-sectional, and hospital-based study that was conducted at J.L. N. Medical College and Hospital, Ajmer, Rajasthan, India, from April 2017 to December 2017. Adult patients who presented at the causality and underwent emergency laparotomy were included in the study. Observed and predicted mortality and morbidity were calculated using POSSUM and P-POSSUM equations, and statistical significance was calculated using Chi-square test. Results: A total of 100 patients were included in this study, with a mean age of 42.83 ± 18.21 years. The observed (O) mortality was 12 (12.0%), while POSSUM predicted 40 (40%) and P-POSSUM 27 (27%). The O/E ratio for POSSUM was 0.29 and for P-POSSUM was 0.44, and this means that they both overestimate mortality. When the results were tested by Chi-square test, the P value was found to be 0.55 and 0.85 for POSSUM and P-POSSUM, respectively, which showed no significant correlation for observed and expected mortality. The observed morbidity was 69 (69%), while POSSUM expected morbidity was 79 (79%), O/E ratio is 0.87, and this again overestimates the morbidity. POSSUM is overpredicting the rate of morbidity, and test of correlation showed no significance with P = 0.75. Conclusion: POSSUM and P-POSSUM were found to overestimate mortality and morbidity in our patient's population.
Seasonal Abundance of Cereal Leaf Beetles (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) in Virginia Small Grains and Corn

Fields of soft red winter wheat, winter barley, and spring oats grown in eastern Virginia were monitored every 3 to 7 days in April and May during 1980–1982 to determine the incidence of Oulema melanopus (L.). Population peaks were attained in wheat and barley around mid-May and reached densities of 31.7 and 14.7 beetles per 0.3 m of row, respectively. Populations reached 196.7/0.3 m of row in spring oats in late May. ‘Coker 747’ and ‘McNair 1003’ wheat varieties had higher mean population levels than the other three varieties surveyed. ‘Barsoy’ barley had lower infestations than ‘Boone’ and ‘Rapidan. ’ Fields with highest O. melanopus densities, regardless of variety, were those expressing poor growth characteristics. Egg deposition in mid-April contained a higher incidence of multiple-egg clusters (two or more laid touching end to end) than during May. First preaestival adults were observed in field corn in early June. Peak population densities of over 24/0.5 m of row occurred between 10 and 15 June, then populations rapidly declined. Oulema melanopus were significantly more abundant on corn field edges than in the interior. Significantly more beetles were observed on field corn margins next to small grain than were observed adjacent to wooded areas.
Mechanism of enhanced luminescence in InxAlyGa1−x−yN quaternary epilayers

We report a firm evidence of enhanced luminescence from InGaN-like clusters in InxAlyGa1−x−yN quaternary alloys. Photoluminescence (PL) and Raman scattering measurements have been employed to study the optical properties of these alloys. The excellent correlation between the phonon replica structures accompanying luminescence line and the observed InGaN-related phonon modes in Raman spectra provide a powerful evidence showing that the existence of InGaN-like clusters is responsible for the enhanced luminescence in InxAlyGa1−x−yN quaternary alloys. In addition, the dependence of the PL emission energy on temperature in the low-temperature regime and on excitation power density can also be explained consistently with recombination mechanisms involving the localized states attributed to InGaN-like cluster size fluctuations.
Nuclear Transport of Parathyroid Hormone (PTH)-Related Protein Is Dependent on Microtubules

PTH-related protein (PTHrP) was first discovered as a circulating factor secreted by certain cancers and is responsible for the syndrome of humoral hypercalcemia of malignancy induced by various tumors. The similarity of its N terminus to that of PTH enables PTHrP to share the signaling properties of PTH, but the rest of the molecule possesses distinct functions, including a role in the nucleus/nucleolus in reducing apoptosis and enhancing cell proliferation. PTHrP nuclear import is mediated by importin β1. In this study we use the technique of fluorescence recovery after photobleaching to demonstrate the ability of PTHrP to shuttle between cytoplasm and nucleus and to visualize directly the transport of PTHrP into the nucleus in living cells. Endogenous and transfected PTHrP was demonstrated to colocalize with microtubule structures in situ using various high-resolution microscopic approaches, as well as in in vitro binding studies, where importin β1, but not importinα , enhanced the microtubular associa.
A Scheme To Generate Starting Models For Interpretation Of Shallow Surface Wave Data

The SASW and other surface-based seismic methods are used to develop shear wave velocity profiles from surface wave data. The process involves generation of a dispersion curve (Rayleigh wave velocity as a function of frequency or wavelength), which reflects the mechanical character of the shallow subsurface. The dispersion curve is inverted to obtain the shear wave velocity profile. We have developed a new straightforward scheme to create high-quality starting models to be used in shear wave velocity inversion. Key parameters of the model are the thickness and shear wave velocity of the layers. The preferred layer geometry is obtained by using a family of exponential functions such that layer thickness increases exponentially with depth. The optimum curvature of the exponential function used to construct the starting model is determined by minimizing dispersion error. We incorporate two key simplifying assumptions: first, the depth associated with a given Rayleigh wave velocity in the dispersion curve is equal to one third of its wavelength, and second, the shear wave velocity is equal to the Rayleigh wave velocity. Theoretical dispersion curves are generated using a forward model that considers plane wave propagation of fundamental-mode Rayleigh waves. The model corresponding to the best fit to the experimental dispersion curve can then be used as a starting model for a linearized inversion scheme. The results are illustrated using synthetic data for a normally dispersive site and another containing distinct shear wave velocity reversals. We find that for simple profiles, the proposed method can stand alone as a rough method of inversion. For more complicated profiles, linearized inversion following calculation of the starting model with the proposed method may provide a good answer.
Avaliação em promoção da saúde: foco no "município saudável" Health promotion evaluation: focus on "healthy cities"

Since the Healthy City movement is a health promotion strategy, an update study was carried out to put into context the health promotion evaluation debate stressing the principles to be considered in an evaluation initiative and in the problematic of Health Cities projects. A literature review of “Healthy Cities” was conducted. A typology based on of Healthy Cities papers found in MEDLINE, LILACS and published in the “Health Promotion International” between 1985 and 2000 was proposed taking into consideration the main focus of each paper. Articles on evaluation were analyzed in more details according to stressing methods, research tools, indicators, study results, and critical appraisal of their models. Finally, it is highlighted initiatives that would come close to the principles of “Health Promotion” and adopt evaluation as a tool for building up capabilities and the empowerment of community groups involved with Healthy Cities initiatives.
Do people with low self-esteem really want to feel better? Self-esteem differences in motivation to repair negative moods

This research examined the hypothesis that people with low self-esteem (LSE) are less motivated than people with high self-esteem (HSE) to repair their negative moods. In Study 1, participants completed diaries in response to either a success or a failure in their everyday lives. Participants described what they intended to do next and the reasons behind those plans. After failure, fewer LSE than HSE participants expressed a goal to improve their mood. A follow-up investigation (Study 2) suggested that this difference was not due to a self-esteem difference in knowledge of mood repair strategies. In Study 3, after undergoing a negative mood induction, fewer LSE than HSE participants chose to watch a comedy video, even though both groups believed the comedy video would make them happy. Studies 4 and 5 explored possible reasons why LSE people are less motivated than HSE people to repair their negative moods.
Regional Variation in the Territorial Songs of Superb Lyrebirds in the Central Tablelands of New South Wales

A seven year study of territorial songs of the Superb Lyrebird Menura novaehollandiae in the Central Tablelands of New South Wales found clear evidence of regional song variation. Songs were locationally distinct and did not vary in structure in seven years. Twelve different dialect groups were found within a 35 km radius, each of which comprised from 5-50 or more singing males in native forest habitats. Groups were reliably identified according to their songs and no evidence of migration was found. Regional variation in song was greatest in geographically separated habitats but song variation was still apparent at locations only 5 km apart in acoustically isolated gullies. Some groups used only one territorial song but other groups consistently used up to three different songs and sometimes combined them. Mimicry was incorporated into some songs. The songs of seven groups are compared and described.
Regional variation in otolith geochemistry of juvenile Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) in coastal Newfoundland

We examined spatial variation in otolith geochemistry as a natural tag in juvenile Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) to resolve geographic patterns during early life history. Individuals from 54 inshore sites spanned five embayments in eastern Newfoundland. Otolith composition differed at all spatial scales and related inversely to spatial scale. Classification analysis revealed increasing discrimination at coarser spatial scales: site (26%–58%), bay (49%), and coast (76%). Assignment success declined by ∼10% per added site with increasing sampling sites per bay, demonstrating fine-scale (<100 km) variation. When we partitioned environmental variability from observed otolith chemistry using predictive models, assignment success improved by 56%, 14%, and 5% for site, bay, and coast, respectively. Our results demonstrate environmental influence on spatial structure of otolith chemistry and illustrate the importance of resolving baseline variability in otolith chemistry when conducting assignment tests. Collective.
A new Piranhea from Brazil, and the subsumption of the genus Celaenodendron (Euphorbiaceae - Oldfieldioideae)

Summary: Piranhea securinega is described as new fron Serra de Itapira-aba, Municipio de Janutiria, Minas Gerais, Eastern Brazil, and the genus Celaenodendron, with one species in Western Mexico, is transferred to Piranhea. A key to the resultant four species is presented. Furthermore, a new variety of P trifoliolata Baill. is described from Venezuela. depressis nec apiculatis praeterquam mericarpiis vix neque manifeste carinatis differt; a P. mexicana (Standl.) Radcl. -Sm. foliolis perceptibiliter angustioribus terminalibus brevius petiolulatis lateralibus interdum sessilibus, nervis tertiariis quaternariisque supra magis subtiliter reticulatis ac prominentibus, sepalis masculis maioribus (1 - 1.5 nec 0.5 mm longis), sepalis foemineis non persistentibus, fructibus pubescentibus, ac stylorum columna longiore (usque 5 mm longa neque 0 - 0.5 mm) distinguenda; a P longepedunculataJabl. foliis minoribus (foliolo terminali usque 7.5 cm longo, neque (6)10 - 16 cm longo) laminis obtusis neque plerumque acuminatis, pedicellis fructificantibus brevioribus (2 - 3.5 cm, neque 4 - 9 cm longis) dignoscenda. Typus: Brazil, Minas Gerais, Ratte Fonseca & Castro 2639 (holotypus UB; isotypi, CAS, E, K). A dioecious tree 10 - 25 m tall, up to 60 cm d.b. h. , much-branched from the base, limbs divergent. Bark smooth and somewhat Eucalyptus-like, olive-green and patterned like guava. Wood extremely hard, bending the edge of a machete and only allowing a bullet to enter a few mm when fired at close range. Twigs dark brown, whitish-lenticellate. Young shoots and petioles evenly pubescent. Stipules and perulae 3 mm long, triangular-lanceolate, pubescent without, puberulous within, dark brown. Petioles 2 - 4 cm long; petiolules 0.5 - 1.5(2) mm long, or leaflets subsessile. Leaflets 3 - 5, the terminals up to c. 7.5 x 3 cm, the second (pair) up to c. 6.5 x 3 cm, and the third (when present) up to c. 4 x 1.5 cm, elliptic, obtuse at the apex, cuneate at the base, entire or + so, firmly chartaceous, lateral nerves 7 - 13 pairs, camptodromous or weakly brochidodromous, with interstitials, somewhat prominent above and beneath, tertiary and quaternary nerves finely reticulate, slightly prominent, lamina glabrous above except for the puberulous midrib, evenly
Investigations on effects of different diet compositions on the quality of excreta in fattening turkeys with special emphasis on Clostridium perfringens prevalence.

Clostridium perfringens (Cl. perfringens) is one of the most important agents that cause enteric diseases in domestic animals worldwide (SONGER, 1996; WILLIAMS, 2003). In the last decade the ban of growth-promoting antibiotics was followed by several intestinal health disorders in poultry flocks with an epidemic of Cl. perfringens infections as the most remarkable one (KALDHUSDAL and LOVLAND, 2000; VAN IMMERSEEL et al., 2004). The incidence of Cl. perfringens associated necrotic enteritis (NE) and of subclinical Cl. perfringens infections has increased in countries that stopped using antibiotic growth promoters (KALDHUSDAL and LOVLAND, 2000; KNARREBORG et al., 2002). A rough examination of excreta (a mix between intestinal and caecal faeces) quality is one of the essential tools of veterinary inspection in flocks of fattening turkeys. In the case of changes (moisture, consistency, smell, colour, pH) potential reasons (including Cl. perfringens) are on debate. Against this background it is necessary to know the normal excreta composition at first before changes can be interpreted as results of influences like Cl. perfringens infections (BROUSSARD et al., 1986). The aim of the investigation presented here was to generate data on normal excreta quality in flocks of fattening turkeys under the influence of different diets and to figure out whether changes in excreta quality (found in visual evaluation) could be related to higher counts of Cl. perfringens within excreta. From published investigations it is known that starch sources with high levels of indigestible water-soluble non-starch polysaccharides (NSP) like wheat, oats, barley and rye and also certain protein sources like peas and rapeseed can promote Cl. perfringens proliferation (BRANTON et al., 1987; KALDHUSDAL and SKJERVE, 1996; ANNETT et al., 2002; KOCHER, 2003). From this point of view it was of special interest to test the hypothesis that Cl. perfringens infections of turkeys can be favoured by certain ingredients types and proportions of starch and protein sources in the diet.
Antioxidant Properties of Different Parts of Red and Black Adzuki Beans

The objective of this study was to investigate the polyphenolic compounds found in different parts of red and black adzuki beans and to determine the contribution of polyphenolic compounds to the antioxidant properties of adzuki beans. Total polyphenolic and proanthocyanidin contents were studied and their antioxidant activities were determined by ferric reducing antioxidant power, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), and 2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethyl- benzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt assay. The highest total polyphenolic content was found in seed coats (26.1∼33.9 mg/g), followed by whole beans (6.9∼8.0 mg/g) and dehulled beans (3.3∼3.4 mg/g). The highest total proanthocyanidin content was also found in seed coat with 26.5∼30.7 mg/g. Moreover, seed coats exhibited the highest antioxidant activity regardless of analytical methods. Antioxidant activity was positively and significantly correlated with total polyphenolic content with the exception of dehulled beans, in which there was no correlation with total polyphenolic content. In particular, the highest correlation was found between DPPH and total polyphenolic content (r=0.945, P<0.01) in whole beans.
School timetable construction : algorithms and complexity

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New records of Polypedilum Kieffer (Diptera: Chironomidae) from India

Summary Adult males of Polypedilum (Polypedilum) exterflexus n. sp. , P. (Tripodura) rectangulum n. sp. and life stages of P. (Tripodura) pruina Freeman are described from India. In addition, one species, Polypedilum clavipennae n. sp. with all the life stages not assigned to any one of the existing subgenera is also described, and it may be justified to erect it as a new subgenus in future.
Habitat-specific guild structure of forest birds in south-eastern Australia : a regional scale perspective.

1. The feeding guild is a useful tool for analysing community structure. Unfortunately, although there has been much work done on guilds of forest and woodland birds, there have been few studies in which differences between habitats have been assayed for consistency of guild structure. This can be done only by surveying replicate sites of each habitat type because this yields an indication of similarity between sites of the same class of habitat. If guild structure differs little between each replicate site, then one has confidence that that structure meaningfully characterizes the habitat type in question. 2. In this study, foraging information is used to produce a guild classification for birds of forests and woodlands of central Victoria, Australia