Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
nffiECT-CONTACT EVAPORATION

Evaporation of a liquid occurs when molecules escape from the main body of the liquid due to thermal agitation. The escaping molecules move with sufficient speed to break through the interfacial surface tension; i.e., they possess kinetic energy exceeding the work function of cohesion at the surface. Since only a small portion of the molecules is at any instant located near enough to the surface and moving in the proper direction to escape, the rate of evaporation is limited. Ai; the faster molecules emerge, those left behind possess less average energy, thereby lowering the temperature of the liquid. If evaporation takes place in a closed vessel, the escaping molecules accumulate as vapor above the liquid. Many of them return to the liquid; such returns are more frequent as the density and pressure of the vapor increases. The process of escape and return eventually reaches equilibrium when external energy or work transfer ceases. The vapor is then said to be "saturated," its density and pressure no longer increase and the cooling effect ceases. Evaporation is a major chemical engineering unit operation for separating liquids and solids and, in particular, recovering solute from the solvent (frequently water). The pulp and paper industry is a large user of evaporation equipment. Evaporation is also used extensively in the production of table, industrial, and
Is Minimum Wage an Effective Anti-Poverty Tool?

ABSTRACT The minimum wage has been at the center of much political debate recently. Many policy makers and scholars believe that increasing the minimum wage only has positive effects for the lowest-wage workers in society. Most believe that the economy aggregately benefits from increasing the minimum wage. Many studies do indeed show low-wage workers are pulled out of poverty. But others show that some workers, including the poor, lose their jobs from increases in the minimum wage, creating yet more poverty. This study examines the U.S. aggregate economy, identifying the effect minimum wage has on poverty for all U.S. residents.
Primary tumor resection benefited the survival of patients with distant metastatic gastric cancer

Background: The role of surgery in the treatment of patients with distant metastatic (M1) gastric cancer (GC) remains controversial currently. This study aimed to clarify the impact of primary tumor resection (PTR) on the survival of such patients. Materials and Methods: The surveillance, epidemiology, and end results database was adopted to extract eligible patients. We designed a retrospective case–control study. The patients were divided into two groups according to whether they received PTR. The 1:1 propensity score matching (PSM) analysis was performed to balance the confounding factors between no-surgery and surgery groups. The categorical variables were described with Chi-square tests. Cancer-specific survival (CSS) and overall survival (OS) were evaluated by Kaplan–Meier method with log-rank test. Cox proportional hazard models were utilized to identify prognostic factors of CSS. Results: A total of 1716 patients were included, including 1108 (64.6%) patients without surgery and 608 (35.4%) patients with surgery. After PSM, most confounders were well balanced between the two comparison groups. Survival analysis in matched cohorts indicated that surgery exerted significant survival advantages in both CSS and OS curves. The median CSS was 11.0 (9.8–12.2) months in the surgery group versus 9.0 (8.0–10.0) months in the no-surgery group (P < 0.001). Multivariable Cox regression analysis identified surgery as an independent prognostic factor for favorable prognosis (hazard ratio: 0.689, 95% confidence interval: 0.538–0.881, P = 0.003). Conclusion: Surgery showed significant survival benefits for the patients with M1 stage GC. Our study has provided additional evidence to support PTR for these patients.
Employee quality and stock price crash risk

ABSTRACT Employees are practitioners of firm activities and play an important role in corporate governance, and their quality will affect stock price crash risk. We investigate the effect of employee quality on stock price crash risk. Using a sample of Chinese-listed firms, we find that employee quality has a significant negative influence on stock price crash risk and the effect is only significant in state-owned enterprises and high-tech firms. The findings are robust to an alternative measure of employee quality and controlling for missing variables and endogeneity. We further find that the effect is achieved by improving internal control quality, therefore, internal control plays a mediating role in employee quality and stock price crash risk. Our study provides new empirical evidence for human capital theory of corporate governance, and also provide implications for monitoring stock price crash risk.
Photosynthetic Performance and Potency of Cannabis sativa L. Grown under LED and HPS Illumination

Light-emitting diodes (LEDs) can be used as an energy efficient alternative to high-pressure sodium (HPS), which have historically been the standard for supplemental lighting in cannabis cultivation. However, there is a lack of scientific understanding in the cannabis industry regarding plant physiology, which has resulted in the adoption of cannabis cultivation methods based on hearsay rather than scientific research. The goals of this study were to 1) compare LED lighting options that are commonly used in the cannabis industry and 2) compare the top performing LED light with an industry standard HPS light. Specifically, three LED lights were compared (California Light Works ((SolarSystem 1100), BIOS Lighting (Icarus Gi2), and Fluence Bioengineering (now Fluence by Osram) (SPYDR xPLUS)), based on light distribution, leaf temperature, and photosynthetic performance indices. The LED versus HPS comparison was based on light response curves measured at photosynthetic photon flux densities (PPFD) of (0, 100, 200, 300, 400, 500, 750, 1000, 1250, 1500, 1750 and 2000 μmol∙m−2∙s−1), carbon assimilation rates (A) μmol CO2 m−2∙s−1 using a LiCor-6800 and resulting cannabinoid potency (THCA). The SPYDR xPLUS-Fluence by Osram had the highest performing LED light used in the LED comparison. At the suggested distance from bulb to canopy in the HPS versus LED comparison (6 inches for LEDs and 4 ft for HPS), carbon assimilation rates displayed a 142% percent increase in plants grown under LED vs. HPS with average photon flux densities of 795 and 298 μmol∙m−2∙s−1 for LED and HPS, respectively. All cultivars of Cannabis sativa L. showed increased cannabinoid potency when grown under LED illumination. The results of this study provide further insight regarding the selection of supplemental light to achieve maximum productivity of Cannabis sativa L.
Intention-Aware Sequential Recommendation With Structured Intent Transition

Human behaviors in recommendation systems are driven by many high-level, complex, and evolving intentions behind their decision making processes. In order to achieve better performance, it is important for recommendation systems to be aware of user intentions besides considering the historical interaction behaviors. However, user intentions are seldom fully or easily observed in practice, so that the existing works are incapable of fully tracking and modeling user intentions, not to mention using them effectively into recommendation. In this paper, we present the Intention-Aware Sequential Recommendation (ISRec) method, for capturing the underlying intentions of each user that may lead to her next consumption behavior and improving recommendation performance. Specifically, we first extract the intentions of the target user from sequential contexts, then take complex intent transition into account through the message-passing mechanism on an intention graph, and finally obtain the future intentions of this target user from inference on the intention graph. The sequential recommendation for a user will be made based on the predicted user intentions, offering more transparent and explainable intermediate results for each recommendation. Extensive experiments on various real-world datasets demonstrate the superiority of our method against several state-of-the-art baselines in sequential recommendation in terms of different metrics.
Need Analysis for the Development of STEM-PjBL Physics Teaching Materials to Improve Students' Problem Solving Ability in the 21st Century

— This study aims to analyze the needs of teachers and students related to the development of physics teaching materials in the 21st century towards increasing of ability of the grade X High School students in solving problems. The research sample in this study were the students of grade X in the city of Surakarta. Data analysis was carried out descriptively, the data obtained in this study were data from interviews, questionnaires and student preliminary tests. The results of this study indicate that students need supporting teaching materials in the form of learning media accompanied by pictures and videos equipped with a learning model that can improve students' ability to solve problems, namely STEM-PjBL-based E-module.
Plant indicator species for the conservation of priority forest in an insular forestry area, Yambaru, Okinawa Island

ABSTRACT Degradation of old-growth forests is an important issue for global biodiversity conservation. Robust indicator species greatly facilitate the identification of old-growth forests requiring protection. Understanding why particular species are associated with priority forests is necessary for assessing the reliability of indicator species. Here, we surveyed the vegetation of 69 sites in Yambaru forests (Okinawa Island) varying in forest age and analyzed the relationships between the dominance of vascular species and three criterion parameters (forest age and species richness (SR) of epiphytes and endangered plants). Eleven species showing significant positive correlations with three parameters were designated as potential candidate indicator species, ten of which were woody species. Of the above eleven candidate indicator species, Distylium racemosum was considered one of the most useful indicator species because it can be easily identified in the field and its ecological characteristics are well documented. Regarding three woody traits – sprouting ability, annual growth rate and wood density – which are expected as the cause of indexing, endangered SR increased when tree species with low sprouting ability and high wood density were dominant, and epiphyte SR increased when tree species with low annual growth rate and high wood density were dominant. These woody species traits were associated with forest age and could explain why D. racemosum is an indicator of priority forest. These results suggest that large trees with such woody characteristics are effective indicators of priority forests.
Complementing mobile measurements with Walking Interviews: a case study on personal exposure of commuters in Chennai, India

ABSTRACT When commuters move around the city they are exposed to different environmental stressors, of which air and noise pollution have an especially adverse physical and mental health impact. Most exposure research uses sensor data (stationary or wearable) or closed questionnaires to measure personal exposure. However, these methods do not give insight into on-site perceptions of exposed individuals and their related behaviour. To address this, we discuss (1) existing methods to research perceived and measured exposure in transit and (2) introduce a novel mixed-method approach, which we tested in a case study in Chennai, India. We used Walking Interviews and GPS-tracking to investigate perceptions and behaviour regarding air and noise pollution on the move and combined it with data of wearable sensors. The results show that the perception of air and noise pollution is highly context-dependent. This mixed-method approach is advantageous for an investigation of perceived and objective exposure and the related behavioural patterns while moving around the city. Such qualitative and quantitative exposure data of commuters can be spatially visualized and communicated to decision-makers with help of qualitative geographic information system (GIS) approaches. We argue that the potential of this mixed-methods approach to support healthier daily commutes in urban areas should be further elaborated in urban and transport-related studies.
Dual tasking interferes with dynamic balance in young and old healthy adults

BACKGROUND: Functional mobility requires an ability to adapt to environmental factors together with an ability to execute a secondary task simultaneously while walking. A complex dual-tasking gait test may provide an indication of functional ability and falls risk among community-dwelling older adults. PURPOSE: The aim of this cross-sectional study is to investigate age-related differences in dual-tasking ability and to evaluate whether dual-tasking ability is related to executive function. METHODS: Forty-one community-dwelling healthy older and forty-one younger adults completed a dual-tasking assessment in which concurrent tasks were incorporated into the Functional Gait Assessment (FGA). The manual dual-task involved carrying a glass of water (FGA-M) while the cognitive dual-tasks involved numeracy (FGA-N) and literacy (FGA-L) related tasks. FGA scores under single (FGA-S) and dual-task conditions together with associated dual-task costs and response accuracy were determined. Executive function was assessed using The Behavioural Assessment of the Dysexecutive Syndrome (BADS). RESULTS: FGA-N and FGA-L scores were adversely affected in both groups compared to FGA-S (p≤0.001). However, score reductions and dual-task costs were significantly greater for older adults compared to younger adults on FGA-N (p≤0.05) and FGA-L (p≤0.001), with older adult performance on FGA-N associated with falls risk (p≤0.05). Executive function did not appear to be related to dual-tasking ability. CONCLUSION: Findings suggest that cognitively demanding tasks while walking, have a deleterious effect on dynamic balance and could place older adults at a greater risk of falls.
Uncooperative Effect of Hydrogen Bond on Water Dimer

The water dimer demonstrates a completely different protype in water systems, it prefers not forming larger clusters instead existing in vapor phase stably, which contracts the viewpoint of the cooperative effect of hydrogen bond (O–H ··· O). It is well accepted that the cooperative effect is beneficial to forming more hydrogen bonds (O–H ··· O), leading to stronger H-bond (H ··· O) and increase in the O–H bond length with contraction of intermolecular distance. Herein, the high-precision ab initio methods of calculations applied on water dimer shows that the O–H bond length decreases and H-bond (H ··· O) becomes weaker with decreasing H-bond length and O ··· O distance, which can be considered as the uncooperative effect of hydrogen bond (O–H ··· O). It is ascribed to the exchange repulsion of electrons, which results in decrease of the O–H bond length and prevents the decrease in the O ··· O distance connected with the increasing scale of water clusters. Our findings highlight the uncooperative effect of hydrogen bond attributed to exchange repulsion of electrons as the mechanism for stabilizing water dimer in vapor phase, and open a new perspective for studies of hydrogen-bonded systems.
Effect of the 90-second ‘Gear’ exercise programme on cardiometabolic risk factors in persons with an elevated risk of cardiovascular disease

Background High-intensity interval training has recently gained popularity at improving cardiometabolic health. However, a close investigation of high-intensity interval training reveals that the exercise duration is similar to moderate-intensity continuous exercise. Objective To compare the effect of the time-efficient ‘Gear’ exercise programmes to traditional exercise on cardiometabolic risk factors in persons with an elevated risk of cardiovascular disease. Methods The study implemented a six-week, randomised controlled trial. The variables were low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, total cholesterol, glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c), blood pressure and body composition. Forty-eight participants completed the study. Participants were randomly assigned to either the ‘Gear’ exercise programme repeated at different times during the day (GEP-DT): cycled for 90 seconds, repeated three times/day, for three days/week (n = 12); ‘Gear’ exercise programme at one point in time (GEP-OT): cycled for 90 seconds followed by 4 minutes and 30 seconds rest, repeated three times at one point in time, for three days/week (n = 14); 30 minutes of moderate-intensity continuous cycling repeated three days/week at 55–69% HRmax (n = 11); and the controls, who were encouraged not to exercise (n = 11). Results The 90-second GEP-DT intervention reduced HbA1c post six-weeks of training (MD = 0.1±0.4, % Δ = −1.3%, d = −0.70). The GEP-OT group decreased blood triglycerides with a large effect size (MD = 0.6±1.3, % Δ = −31.9%, d = −0.83). Conclusion The novel 90-second ‘Gear’ exercise programme moderately reduced HbA1c and the 18-minute GEP-OT lowered blood triglycerides. ‘Gear’ exercise programmes will encourage future research in persons with non-communicable diseases, and it should be considered as a public health initiative to promote exercise in clinical, home and work environments.
Perceived supervisor support and learner’s career curiosity: the mediating effect of sense of belonging, engagement and self-efficacy

PurposeThis study investigates the relationship between perceived supervisor support (PSS) and learner career curiosity and tests the mediating role of sense of belonging, engagement and learning self-efficacy.Design/methodology/approachThe authors used a three-wave repeated cross-sectional data collected from 509 final-year undergraduate students of 11 Nigerian public universities, who had completed the compulsory work placement to analyze the influence of PSS on learner’s career curiosity via a parallel mediation involving sense of belonging, engagement (behavioural, emotional and cognitive) and self-efficacy.FindingsThe results show that engagement mediates the path through which PSS influences career curiosity. However, the authors found no evidence that sense of belonging and self-efficacy mediated the relationship between PSS and learner’s career curiosity in this population.Originality/valueThe findings of this study highlight the importance of PSS as a resource that influences learner’s career curiosity, particularly during a work placement.
Prediction of Power Outage Quantity of Distribution Network Users under Typhoon Disaster Based on Random Forest and Important Variables

Typhoons can have disastrous effects on power systems. They may lead to a large number of power outages for distribution network users. Therefore, this paper establishes a model to predict the power outage quantity of distribution network users under a typhoon disaster. Firstly, twenty-six explanatory variables (called global variables) covering meteorological factors, geographical factors, and power grid factors are considered as the input variables. On this basis, the correlation between each explanatory variable and response variable is analyzed. Secondly, we established a global variable model to predict the power outage quantity of distribution network users based on Random Forest (RF) algorithm. Then the importance of each explanatory variable is mined to extract the most important variables. To reduce the complexity of the model and ease the burden of data collection, eight variables are eventually selected as important variables. Afterward, we predict the power outage quantity of distribution network users again using the eight important variables. Thirdly, we compare the prediction accuracy of a model called the No-model that has been used before, Linear Regression (LR), Support Vector Regression (SVR), Decision Tree Regression (DTR), RF-global variable model, and RF-important variable model. Simulation results show that the RF-important variable model proposed in this paper has a better effect. Since fewer variables can save prediction time and make the model simplified, it is recommended to use the RF-important variable model.
Enantiomeric profiling of chiral biomarkers

Wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) is an innovative tool that, unlike traditional epidemiological approaches, is capable of providing real-time profiling of community health and lifestyle along with emerging trends and changes in pattern usage of drugs in wastewater. By using human urinary excreted indicators, so-called “biomarkers”, WBE provides estimates at population level. Therefore, the choice and the evaluation of suitable biomarkers of exposure to drugs is of fundamental importance for the public health monitoring. Moreover, since many drugs are chiral, the investigation on enantiomeric profiling of chiral biomarkers provides a new dimension to WBE. To aid enantiomeric profiling in WBE, sensitive enantioselective methodologies are required. In this thesis, two novel multiresidue analytical methods based on chiral liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry were developed and validated. The first method investigated the main human biomarkers for the detection of illicit drugs of abuse and potentially abused licit drugs. New biomarkers were investigated, such as mephedrone, PMA and all MDMA’s metabolites. Furthermore, a case study on mephedrone posed the basis for a novel approach towards biomarker selection in estimation of human exposure to chiral drugs with limited metabolism data. As a result, mephedrone was a suitable biomarker due to its stability in wastewater. In addition, some of its metabolites were also proposed as potential candidates for mephedrone use. The second method explored biomarkers of quinolones’ use, as they represent one class of antibiotics with rising concern in antibiotic resistance. The most comprehensive panel of quinolones’ biomarkers was considered for the first time in WBE studies. Both methodologies were applied to wastewaters from eight locations in Europe allowing the first pan-European studies on enantiomeric profiling of chiral biomarkers. Key findings of this research included: the detection of high mephedrone loads only in the UK, thus indicating human consumption; the detection of HMMA, a MDMA metabolite, as a suitable indicator of MDMA consumption and the determination of different synthetic production routes of methamphetamine across Europe. With regards to quinolones’ biomarkers, higher ofloxacin loads were found in Southern European cities along with differences in enantiomeric fraction with respect to Northern ones. Moreover, ofloxacin’s metabolites showed ofloxacin use and ulifloxacin was found as a result of prulifloxacin consumption. Therefore, enantiomeric profiling led to an understanding of: (i) new patterns of emerging drugs of abuse, (ii) changes in patterns of classical illicit drugs and (iii) quinolones with the verification of the origin of drug residue, potency of abused drug and its synthetic route and (iv) quinolones’ metabolic profiles. Moreover, the simultaneous determination of quinolones’ biomarkers in European samples allowed for the verification of spatial and temporal trends of quinolones’ use and the occurrence of their resistance genes. This proof-of-concept research will facilitate further advances in the WBE field.