Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A.J. Omoway

Unsteady flow of an incompressible electrically conducting viscous fluid past a semi-infinite accelerating vertical porous medium is considered. The diffusionthermo effect was taken into consideration. The coupled partial differential equations describing the conservation of mass, momentum and energy are obtained and solved analytically. The present analytical results were compared with those available in the literature excellent agreement was observed. The effects of flow parameters and thermo physical properties on the flow, velocity, temperature and concentration fields across the boundary layer are investigated. The forms of wall shear stress, Nusselt number and Sherwood number are derived. The fluid velocity decreases as either Schmidt number, porosity parameter, Hartmann number increased while temperature increased as Dufour number increased. The concentration decreased as Schmidt number increased.
Analysis of Athletes' Physiological Arousal Stimulation Strategies in Sports Competition Based on Cooperative Learning Theory

If Athletes Want to Maintain the Best Competitive State and Good Sports Results in Sports Competitions, They Not Only Need Excellent Special Skills and Physical Fitness, But Also Have the Best Physiologic Arousal Ability in Competitions. the Level of Physiologic Arousal Ability Affects the Athletes' Performance in Competitions. the Level of Physiological Arousal Can Play a Positive or Negative Role in Competitive Sports. in Daily Training, All Efforts Should Be Made to Stimulate the Physiological Calling Level of Sports, So That Athletes' Physiological Arousal Can Be More Adapted to Their Own Physical Conditions. While Creating Life Value and Satisfying Noble Psychological Needs, How to Awaken and Stimulate the Physiological Level during Competition and Training is the Focus of This Article. Based on the Theory of Cooperative Learning, This Paper Sums Up the Basic Concept of Cooperative Learning in Physical Education Teaching Practice, and Analyzes the Performance of Physiological Arousal and the Arousal and Stimulation Strategies of Athletes.
FACTORS AFFECTING IMPLEMENTATION OF PUBLIC PROCUREMENT IN COUNTY GOVERNMENTS; A CASE OF KISII COUNTY, KENYA

The purpose of this study was to investigate the factors affecting the implementation of Public Procurement in County Governments taking special case of Kisii County. This was necessitated by lack of proper implementation of the process, with the provisions of the procurement act remaining only on paper. The study therefore aimed to investigate the effect of procurement lead-time on the implementation of Public Procurement in Kisii County; determine the influence of external pressure on the implementation of Public Procurement in Kisii County; establish the effect of service providers’ awareness of procuring process on implementation of Public Procurement in Kisii County and find out the measures taken by Kisii County to effectively implement the Public Procurement.The findings of the study were important to the county management to understand the issues of procurement and how to improve on them. The findings of this study show that long lead time at the Kisii County had a negative effect on the implementation of public procurement; external interferences at Kisii County had a negative effect on the implementation of public procurement; and service providers’ unawareness of the procurement process negatively affected public procurement implementation. Based on the findings, this study recommends; Kisii County management should reduce procurement lead time to conform to the PPDA 2013; ensure through in-house laws that there are no unwarranted external interference from political leaders, community leaders and other self interest group; introduce a self assessment mechanism that will improve on its procurement transparency and integrity and formulate a training program to create awareness of the procurement process among its suppliers.
Labour Supply and Taxation Executive Summary

In this paper we provide an overview of the literature relating labour supply to taxes and welfare benefits with a focus on presenting the empirical consensus. We begin with a basic continuous hours model, where individuals have completely free choice over their hours of work. We then consider fixed costs of work, the complications introduced by the benefits system, dynamic aspects of labour supply and we place the analysis in the context of the family. The key conclusion of this work is that in order to estimate the impact of tax reform and be able to generalise results, a structural approach that takes account of many of these issues is desirable. We then discuss the “new Tax Responsiveness” literature which uses the response of taxable income to the marginal tax rate as a summary statistic of the behavioural response to taxation. Underlying this approach is the unsatisfactory nature of using hours as a proxy for labour effort for those with high levels of autonomy on the job and who already work long hours, such as the self employed or senior executives. After discussing relevant theory we then provide a summary of empirical estimates and the methodology underlying the studies. Our conclusion is that hours of work are relatively inelastic for men, but are a little more responsive for married women and lone mothers. On the other hand, participation is quite sensitive to taxation and benefits for women. Within this paper we present new estimates form a discrete participation model for both married and single men based on the numerous reforms over the past two decades in the UK. We find that the participation of low education men is somewhat more responsive to incentives than previously thought. For men with high levels of education, participation is virtually unresponsive; here the literature on taxable income suggests that there may be significant welfare costs of taxation, although much of this seems to be a result of shifting income and consumption to non-taxable forms as opposed to actual reductions in work effort. ∗Acknowledgements. This paper is a chapter prepared for the The Mirrlees Review: Reforming the Tax System for the 21st Century, conducted at the Institute for Fiscal Studies. We would like to thank the contributors to this volume and in particular Stuart Adam, Richard Blundell, Mike Brewer, Eric French and Guy Laroque for their comments. Financial support by the ESRC is gratefully acknowledged. Costas Meghir has been financed by the ESRC Professorial Fellowship Scheme. JEL Codes: J22, H24, H31.
Changes in Male Testosterone Levels over the Last Century As Reflected In Facial Width-Height

Purported changes in male fertility and testosterone levels over the last 50 years remain controversial. The present study addressed this issue indirectly via a facial metric, the bizygomatic width-to-height (FWH) ratio, which has been shown to be reflective of testosterone levels. FWH ratios were assessed from photographs of Major League Baseball (MLB) players dating back to 1870. There was a progressive increase in FWH ratios over the past 120 years which was independent of height. FWH ratios, weight and BMI increased more after WWII than before. The results do not support an inference, based on declining sperm counts, that testosterone levels have declined.
Towards a Formal Model of Social Data

Computational social science (CSS) is an emerging field of research that seeks to apply computational methods and tools to important and interesting social science questions and problems. Situated within CSS, Social data analytics as a research stream aims to collect, archive, retrieve, process, transform, analyse, and report social data from social media platforms such as Facebook and twitter. Formal methods, models and tools for social data are largely limited to graph theoretical approaches informing conceptual developments in relational sociology and methodological developments in social network analysis. As far as we know, there are no integrated modelling approaches to social data across the conceptual, formal and software realms. Social media analytics can be undertaken in two main ways ”Social Graph Analytics” and ”Social Text Analytics” (Vatrapu, in press/2013). Social graph analytics is concerned with the structure of the relationships emerging from social media use. It focuses on identifying the actors involved, the activities they undertake, and the artifacts they create and interact with. Social text analytics is more concerned with the substantive nature of the interactions, it focuses on the topics discussed and how they are discussed. What keywords appear? What pronouns are used? How far are negative or positive sentiments expressed? In this report, we first present and discuss a conceptual model of social data followed by a formal model based on set theory. Second, we exemplify the semantics of the formal model with real-world social data examples. Third, we briefly present and discuss the Social Data Analytics Tool (SODATO) that realizes the conceptual model in software and provisions social data for computational social science analysis based on the formal model. Finally, we exemplify our approach with help of a case study on big social data of the fast fashion company, H&M. from its Facebook page.
Palaeomagnetism and 40 Ar / 39 Ar geochronology of mafic dykes from the eastern Bushveld Complex ( South Africa )

S. Letts,1 T. H. Torsvik,1,2 S. J. Webb,1 L. D. Ashwal,1 E. A. Eide3 and G. Chunnett4 1School of Geosciences, Private Bag 3, University of the Witwatersrand, WITS, 2050, South Africa 2Geological Survey of Norway, Leiv Eirikssonsvei 39, N-7491 Trondheim; and Institute for Petroleum Technology and Applied Geophysics, NTNU, N-7491 Trondheim, Norway. E-mail: trond.torsvik@ngu.no 3Geological Survey of Norway, Leiv Eirikssonsvei 39, N-7491 Trondheim, Norway 4Anglo Platinum, PO Box 62179, Marshalltown, 2107, South Africa
EFFECT OF FIRM CASH-FLOW STRUCTURE ON THE FINANCING POLICY OF WOMEN LED SMALL AND MEDIUM SIZE ENTERPRISES IN KENYA

Cash flow and financial structures are very critical for survival of firms yet it is not clear how the cash flow structure affects the financing policy of small and medium size enterprises (SMEs) given the inconclusive theoretical and empirical evidence. Objective: This study is a follow up of an earlier published study done by the same researchers regarding effect of quality of financial information on the financing policy of women. This study sought to appraise the effect of cash-flow structure on the financing policy of women led SMEs in Kenya. Methodology: The target population of 1,746 firms yielded a sample size of 290 firms assuming normal distribution at 0.05 level of significance. Following data cleaning procedure, an actual sample size of 188 firms from the 290 in the original qualified for analysis. The study tested the hypothesis that cash flow structure, as proxied by the operating cash flow as a ratio of all the cash flows, had no significant effect on financing policy as indicated by the debt equity ratio. Secondary data relating to business cash flows, debt and equity was collected on a cross-sectional basis. The study rejected null hypothesis and found out that cash flow structure positively affects the financing policy of women-led SMEs in Kenya. Findings: The study finds that firm cash flow structure has a significant positive effect on the finance policy (debt-equity ratio) of the women led SMEs.the study also finds that as the operating cash flow ratio increases through enhanced cash flows from operating activities, the proportion of debt in the overall capital of the SME also increases. This is possibly because with more cash flows from operations, the firm can easily be able to finance the debt obligations.
The EUropean-VGOS Project

In Spring 2018 the Bonn correlation centre started a collaboration with the three European stations of Wettzell, Onsala and Yebes, equipped with both S/Xand broadband systems, to perform VGOSWalter Alef · Helge Rottmann · Jan Wagner · Tuomas Savolainen Max Planck Institute for Radio Astronomy, Auf dem Hügel 69, DE-53121 Bonn, Germany Simone Bernhardt · Laura La Porta Reichert GmbH/BKG, Hittorfstr. 26, DE-53129 Bonn, Germany Arno Müskens · Axel Nothnagel Institute of Geodesy and Geoinformation, University of Bonn, Nußallee 17, DE-53115 Bonn, Germany Pablo de Vicente · Javier Gonzaléz Garcı́a · I. Martı́ Vidal Observatorio de Yebes (IGN), Cerro de la Palera S/N, Yebes, Guadalajara, Spain Christian Plötz · Torben Schüler Geodätisches Observatorium Wettzell, Bundesamt für Kartographie und Geodäsie (BKG), Sackenrieder Str. 25, DE-93444 Bad Kötzting, Germany Rüdiger Haas Chlamers University of Technology Onsala Space Observatory, SE-439 92 Onsala, Sweden James M. Anderson Technical University of Berlin, Institut für Geodäsie und Geoinformationstechnik, Straße des 17. Juni 135, DE-10623 Berlin, Germany, also at: GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, Department 1, Geodesy, Telegrafenberg, DE-14473 Potsdam, Germany Tuomas Savolainen Aalto University Department of Electronics and Nanoengineering, PL 15500, 00076 Aalto, Finland, also at: Aalto University Metsähovi Radio Observatory, Metsähovintie 114, FI-02540 Kylmälä, Finland Des Small Joint Institute for VLBI ERIC, Oude Hoogeveensedijk 4, NL7991 PD Dwingeloo, The Netherlands (Correspondence: alef@mpifr-bonn.mpg.de) like test sessions. The aim is to verify and develop further the processing chain for VGOS experiments endto-end, from the scheduling to the analysis of the derived observables. We will present the current status of
Implicit Definition of Flow Patterns in Street Canyons—Recirculation Zone—Using Exploratory Quantitative and Qualitative Methods

Air pollution is a major health hazard for the population that increasingly lives in cities. Street-scale Air Quality Models (AQMs) are a cheap and efficient way to study air pollution and possibly provide solutions. Having to include all the complex phenomena of wind flow between buildings, AQMs employ several parameterisations, one of which is the recirculation zone. Goal of this study is to derive an implicit or explicit definition for the recirculation zone from the flow in street canyons using computational fluid dynamics (CFD). Therefore, a CFD-Large Eddy Simulation model was employed to investigate street canyons with height to width ratio from 1 to 0.20 under perpendicular wind direction. The developed dataset was analyzed with traditional methods (vortex visualization criteria and pollutant dispersion fields), as well as clustering methods (machine learning). Combining the above analyses, it was possible to extract qualitative features that agree well with literature but most importantly to develop quantitative expressions that describe their topology. The extracted features’ topology depends strongly on the street canyon dimensions and not surprisingly is independent of the wind velocity. The developed expressions describe areas with common flow characteristics inside the canyon and thus they can be characterised as an implicit definition for the recirculation zone. Furthermore, the presented methodology can be further applied to cover more parameters such us oblique wind direction and heated-facades and more methods for data analysis.
School-Based Management in the Graduated Empowerment Perspective

This study was critical analysis of the example of School-Based Management (SBM) in the perspective of graduated empowerment. as educators and educators in Islamic boarding schools, especially in terms of low income and graduated contributions to Islamic boarding schools. The main focus of this analysis was seen from the side of human resource management in the context of SBM in Indonesian boarding schools. The article reveals the activities of graduated who are empowered to achieve the goals of Islamic boarding schools. Using qualitative methods, data collection through interviews and participation in graduated activities. Interviews were conducted with research informants consisting of boarding school supervisors, school principals, teachers, graduated. The management of human resources in Da’arul Rahman Islamic boarding school in terms of selection and placement of educators and education personnel based on Kyai's agreement with the priority of Da’arul Rahman's Islamic boarding school graduated who meet the standards of educational needs and education staff needed by Islamic boarding schools.
How to increase the uptake of development interventions? Considering the Theory of Planned Behaviour

A crucial prerequisite for the success of development interventions is their uptake by the targeted population. We use the set-up of interventions conducted in Indonesia and Pakistan to investigate dis-/incentivising factors for a programme's uptake and support. Making use of a framework grounded on psychological theory - The Theory of Planned Behaviour - we consider three determinants for intervention uptake: personal attitudes; subjective norms (influenced by important others); and the perceived ease of performing the desired behaviour. As most development interventions are characterised by a cooperation between local and international agents, we investigate a potentially important dis-/incentivising factor further: the salience of the implementer's background. Our findings show that attitudes, subjective norms, and ease of use are indeed associated with increased uptake in our two culturally different settings. Conducting a framed field experiment in Indonesia, we go on to show that the study population in the Acehnese context exhibits higher levels of support for the project if the participation of international actors is highlighted. We find that previous experience with the respective actor is pivotal. To strengthen supportive behaviour by the target population for locally led projects, it is essential to foster local capabilities to create positive experiences. Hence, our results encourage development research and cooperation, first, to consider personal attitudes, subjective norms, and the perceived ease of use in the design of interventions in order to increase uptake. Second, and depending on the country context, implementers should consider previous experience with and attitude towards partners - either local or international - when aiming to achieve behavioural change.
A Discrete Time Hazard Model for Germany #458

The coexistence of social health insurance and private health insurance in Germany is subject to intense public debate. As only few have the opportunity to choose between the two systems, they are often regarded as privileged by the health insurance system. Applying a hazard model in discrete time, this paper examines the role of incentives set by the regulatory framework as well as the infl uence of individual personality characteristics on the decision to opt out of the statutory system. To address potential endogeneity of one of the key explanatory variables an instrumental variable approach is also applied. The estimation results yield robust evidence on the choice of health insurance type that is consistent with rational decision making, with both incentives set by regulation and personality traits as relevant determinants. JEL Classifi cation: C13, C23, I13
An anthropometric and cephalometric study to correlate facial form to pharyngeal airway in Class I and Class II malocclusions

Introduction: The relationship between upper airways and changes in facial morphology has been extensively debated in the literature and remains controversial. Although many studies have been done regarding comparison of the nasopharyngeal space among patients with vertical and sagittal dysplasia, none so far has been carried out regarding relation between nasopharyngeal space and facial form. In view of the need to uncover new evidence to contribute to and assist in addressing this complex issue, this composite study was aimed to evaluate the variations in pharyngeal airway spaces in Class I and Class II malocclusions and their effect on facial form. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted on 180 subjects aged between 18 and 26 years. Subjects were divided into two groups; Class I and Class II malocclusions. Pharyngeal airway and facial forms were analyzed by cephalometrics and anthropometrics, respectively. Results: Results showed that McNamara's lower pharyngeal width is significantly less in Class II males than Class I males with statistically significant (P = 0.009). Anthropometrically, nasal width (alr-all) is significantly less in Class II females than in Class I females (P = 0.021). The lower aerial width and adenoid pharyngeal wall area had statistically significant difference between normo-, hypo-, and hyper-divergent growth patterns. Conclusion: It was concluded that sagittal mandibular development had significant effects on the dimensions of lower pharyngeal airway passage. Vertical dysplasia significantly affects the upper pharyngeal airway passage with a lesser value in vertical growth pattern than horizontal growth pattern. Facial form in vertical dysplasia showed a statistically significant difference between normal, horizontal, and vertical growth patterns. A significant correlation was found between variation in pharyngeal airway spaces to facial form in sagittal and vertical dysplasia.
The Acceptance of ICT by Geriatricians reinforces the value of care for seniors in Morocco

Recently, a demographic shift characterized by a relative aging of the population has been noticed in Morocco. This phenomenon is likely to evolve over the coming decades. Also, the latest census of population shows that 8% of Moroccan population is elderly, which represents two million people. Moroccan National Center for Demographic Studies projects an increase of this figure; it will double in the coming years to reach five million. “It is therefore “important to get prepared to help this category of population both socially and medically” said Dr Mustapha Oudrhiri, geriatrician and chairman of the Moroccan Association of Gerontology. Abstract
FACTORS INFLUENCING IMPLEMENTATION OF CONSTITUENCY DEVELOPMENT FUNDED PROJECTS IN KENYA: A CASE OF JUJA CONSTITUENCY

The purpose of this study was to assess the factors influencing implementation of constituency development funded projects in Juja Constituency Kiambu County. The study objectives were to establish whether monitoring and evaluation and project funding, have any influence on the implementation of CDF projects in Juja Constituency. The study adopted agency theory, theory of project implementation, and public value theory to provide an overview discussion of the vaibles. A survey research design was used in this study because it is a very powerful form of qualitative analysis that involves a careful and complete observation of a social unit irrespective of what type of unit is under study. A census sampling was composed of all the 80 employees from Juja CDF offices. Data was collected using questionnaires. Data was analyzed using analytical tools such as mean as a measure of central tendency, percentages since they are very useful for showing and summarizing data when any complex models are needed. Correlations was used to establish the level of collinearity among the independent variables. In addition multiple regressions was used to determine the effect of a set of independent variable on dependent variable. The study finding reveled that all the variables were among the factors influencing strategy implementation on development-funded projects in Juja constituency. The study revealed that all the factors had a positive and statistically significant effect on the implementation of development projects in Juja constituency. The study concluded that monitoring and evaluation had a significant effect on implementation. It also concluded that project funding had a significant effect on implementation of projects. Therefore, the study recommends that constituency should come up with more innovative ways of monitoring and evaluating the proposed projects. Further the study recommended an improvement of funding criteria. The study also recommend the inclusion of other factors that may affect the implementation of development projects such as political interests, project planning, and training of employees.