Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Continuous planting Eucalyptus plantations in subtropical China: Soil phenolic acid accumulation and adsorption physiognomies

As phenolic acids accumulated in monocropping plantations, their allelopathic effects caused the soil’s fertility to decline and productivity to decrease. The effects of stand age and generational turnover of phenolic acids in soil remain unclear. Therefore, we conducted an experiment to examine the changes in phenolic acid content and accumulation characteristics in soils from Eucalyptus plantations in terms of planting years and generations. Soils were collected from three Eucalyptus plantations: a 6-year-old first-generation plantation (6a1g), 9-year-old first-generation plantation (9a1g) and 6-year-old second-generation plantation (6a2g). Seven phenolic acids were identified from different soil samples by high-performance liquid chromatography. In addition, exogenous phenolic acids were added to the soil samples to study the kinetics as well as the adsorption and desorption characteristics of soils. The total of seven phenolic compounds in 6a1g (38.451 μg g–1) was higher than that of the 9a1g and 6a2g soils, and the total of 6a2g (27.257 μg g–1) was higher than that of the 9a1g (15.536 μg g–1). In the tested soil, the p-hydroxybenzoic acid accounted for 51.6% (for 6a1g), 51.1% (for 9a1g) and 33.5% (for 6a2g) of the total amount of the seven phenolic acids, the p-hydroxybenzoic may have had a higher allelopathic capacity in these Eucalyptus plantation soils. Soil bulk density showed a strong positive correlation with vanillic and ferulic acids, and SOM also had an extremely positive correlation with p-hydroxybenzoic and coumalic acids. The findings demonstrated that the adsorption and desorption rates and amounts of each phenolic acid in the soil of 6a1g were higher than those in the soil of 9a2g and 6a2g using both a kinetic adsorption experiment and isothermal adsorption and desorption experiments. But among the three soils, 9a1g soil had the lowest adsorption rate, which resulted in the lowest accumulation capacity. It is noticed that the Pseudo-second-order kinetic model can be used to describe the kinetic adsorption better than the Pseudo-first-order kinetic model and the Elovich model, and the Freundlich model could fit the desorption isotherms better than the adsorption isotherms. However, more study of this phenomenon is essential to better understanding its mechanisms and how they function in order to address issues with soil degradation in future intergenerational Eucalyptus plantings.
‘No one likes a grass’ Female police officers’ experience of workplace sexual harassment: A qualitative study

Sexual harassment is multifaceted and complicated, creating a hostile environment dominated by sexually motivated behaviours. It is experienced by many, particularly in the workplace. For example, many police officers experience sexual harassment from a colleague. Despite this, sexual harassment remains under-researched, with limited exploration into victims’ experiences first-hand. As such, the current study aimed to research female police officers’ experiences of sexual harassment by colleagues to investigate risk factors of sexual harassment and barriers to reporting. Seven transcripts were collected using semi-structured interviews, both in-person and online. Despite the assurance of anonymity, officers feared coming forward for research owing to identification concerns. Interpretative phenomenological analysis was used for the analysis to extract in-depth accounts from participants. Results showed that police culture contributed significantly to facilitating sexual harassment. For example, a male-dominant force, a hierarchical structure and the blue wall of silence. In addition, participants faced barriers to reporting sexual harassment. For example, a rumour mill culture and oppositional reactions from colleagues. Furthermore, the sexual harassment that the participants faced negatively affected their attitudes to work, and their physical and mental health.
Fast ac electro-osmotic micropumps with nonplanar electrodes

This letter demonstrates dramatic improvements in flow rate and frequency range over conventional planar ac electro-osmotic (ACEO) pumps by exploiting three-dimensional (3D) stepped electrodes. A 3D ACEO pump was fabricated by electroplating steps on a symmetric electrode array and tested against a state-of-the-art asymmetric planar ACEO pump in a microfluidic loop. For all frequencies (0.1–100kHz), the 3D pump had a faster flow rate, in some cases by an order of magnitude. Their experimental results suggest that, after some optimization, mm/s velocities will be attainable with alternating battery voltages, which presents an exciting opportunity for microfluidics.
Married women pre-marital HIV testing status in Ethiopia: Individual and community level factor analysis

Introduction Marriage between serodiscordant individuals accounts for 65–85% of new infections. Pre-marital Human Immune Virus (HIV) testing opens the door for HIV infection prevention and control. There are no studies that have evaluated the coverage and factors influencing pre-marital HIV testing at the community level in Ethiopia. Methods This study was conducted using 10,008 samples of data extracted from Ethiopian demographic and health surveys (EDHS), 2016. To identify individual and community level factors a multi-level binary logistic regression model was used. Among fitted models, “full” model was taken as the best model. To declare the presence or absence of significant association with pre-marital HIV testing, a p-value < 0.05 with confidence interval (CI) was used. Results In Ethiopia, 21.4% (95% CI: 20.6, 22.2%) of study participants had pre-marital HIV testing. Age 35–49 years (AOR = 0.25; 95% CI: 0.09, 0.66), educated (AOR = 1.76; 95% CI: 1.17, 2.79), rich (AOR = 1.95; 95% CI: 1.13, 3.55), having media exposure (AOR = 1.54; 95% CI: 1.30, 4.71), and high community level literacy (AOR = 0.38; 95% CI: 0.22, 0.66) were factors significantly associated with pre-marital HIV testing. Conclusion The low coverage of pre-marital HIV testing in Ethiopia is insufficient to have a significant influence on the HIV/Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) epidemic. Information dissemination to create awareness about human rights and public health implications of pre-marital HIV testing áre necessary while it is made mandatory.
Enhancement of Rotor Loading and Suppression of Stator Separation through Reduction of the Blade–Row Gap

An immersed boundary (IB) method is applied to study the effect of the blade–row gap in a low-speed single-stage compressor. The advantage of using an IB method is that the rotor/stator interface can be eliminated and, thus, the blade–row interaction can be considered at an extremely small gap. The IB method was modified to internal-flow problems, and the adaptive mesh refinement (AMR) technique, together with a wall model, used to facilitate the simulations for high Reynolds-number flows. The results showed that both the pressure rise and the efficiency were observed to be higher in the smaller-gap cases. Comparisons between the results of two gaps, 35%ca and 3.5%ca, are highlighted and further analysis at a specific flow coefficient showed that the increase of the stage performance was contributed to by the enhancement of rotor loading and the suppression to the flow separation of the stator. Correspondingly, the increases of the total pressure rise on the rotor and the stator outlets were observed to be 0.5% and 4.3%, respectively. Although the increase on the rotor outlet is much lower than that on the stator outlet, its significance is that a higher level of static pressure is formed near the hub of the gap, which, thus, reduces the adverse pressure gradient of this region in the stator passage. This improvement suppresses the flow separation near the hub of the stator and, thereby, results in a considerable increase to the pressure rise on the stator outlet as a consequence. The effect of the gap on unsteady pressure fluctuation is also presented.
EstimationsLpdes opérateurs de Schrödinger sur les groupes nilpotents

Resume Dans cet article, on se propose d'etudier la continuite dans les espaces L p des groupes nilpotents des operateurs: ∇ 2 (− Δ + W ) −1 , W 1/2 nabla;(− Δ + W ) −1 et ∇(− Δ + W ) −1/2 ou Δ est un sous-Laplacien et W un potentiel qui verifie d'assez bonnes conditions.
High resolution magnetic field measurements in high-mass star-forming regions using masers

Abstract The bright and narrow spectral line emission of masers is ideal for measuring the Zeeman-splitting as well as for determining the orientation of magnetic fields in 3-dimensions around massive protostars. Recently, polarization observations at milliarcsecond resolution of 6.7-GHz CH3OH masers have uniquely been able to resolve the morphology of magnetic fields close to massive protostars. The observations reveal that the magnetic fields are along outflows and/or on the surfaces of circumstellar tori. Here we present three different examples selected from a total number of 7 massive star-forming regions that were investigated at 6.7-GHz with the EVN in the last years.
Nanomaterial Characterization in Complex Media—Guidance and Application

A broad range of inorganic nanoparticles (NPs) and their dissolved ions possess a possible toxicological risk for human health and the environment. Reliable and robust measurements of dissolution effects may be influenced by the sample matrix, which challenges the analytical method of choice. In this study, CuO NPs were investigated in several dissolution experiments. Two analytical techniques (dynamic light scattering (DLS) and inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS)) were used to characterize NPs (size distribution curves) time-dependently in different complex matrices (e.g., artificial lung lining fluids and cell culture media). The advantages and challenges of each analytical approach are evaluated and discussed. Additionally, a direct-injection single particle (DI sp)ICP-MS technique for assessing the size distribution curve of the dissolved particles was developed and evaluated. The DI technique provides a sensitive response even at low concentrations without any dilution of the complex sample matrix. These experiments were further enhanced with an automated data evaluation procedure to objectively distinguish between ionic and NP events. With this approach, a fast and reproducible determination of inorganic NPs and ionic backgrounds can be achieved. This study can serve as guidance when choosing the optimal analytical method for NP characterization and for the determination of the origin of an adverse effect in NP toxicity.
Identification and Estimation of Gaussian Affine Term Structure Models

This paper develops new results for identification and estimation of Gaussian affine term structure models. We establish that three popular canonical representations are unidentified, and demonstrate how unidentified regions can complicate numerical optimization. A separate contribution of the paper is the proposal of minimum-chi-square estimation as an alternative to MLE. We show that, although it is asymptotically equivalent to MLE, it can be much easier to compute. In some cases, MCSE allows researchers to recognize with certainty whether a given estimate represents a global maximum of the likelihood function and makes feasible the computation of small-sample standard errors.
Finite-Thrust Lambert Transfer Based on Multistage Constant-Vector Thrust Control

In this work, an efficient multistage constant-vector thrust control algorithm is proposed for spacecraft to achieve finite-thrust Lambert transfer considering J2 perturbation. In contrast to most designs that apply continuous-thrust requiring time-varying direction and the magnitude of the thrust, the proposed control scheme utilizes a multistage constant-vector thrust, which means the modulus and direction of the thrust are constant in each stage determined by a given set of time nodes dividing the whole transfer time, which reduces the control complexity of the engine. Based on the multistage sensitivity matrix, which describes the first-order relationship between the thrust and the change of the orbital elements, a rapid algorithm is presented to obtain the multistage constant-vector thrust solution with the required accuracy. Furthermore, the optimization problem of the multistage constant-vector thrust solution is established, and the direct optimization method is proposed to obtain an optimal multistage constant-vector thrust solution for a given set of time nodes. Based on this approach, the node-sequence optimization method is further proposed to obtain a series of feasible optimized solutions rapidly corresponding to a monotonically increasing time-node sets. Compared with the existing finite-thrust methods, the presented methods balance the fuel consumption and control requirements of the engine because the situation that the engine always needs to change the direction and the magnitude of the thrust could be avoided, which are practical options for engineering applications.
On Markov Sufficient Statistics in Non-Additive Bayes Problems of Sequential Analysis

The question of finding Markov sufficient statistics (see definition 3) in the problem of minimisation of the functional (2) is considered. It is supposed that the parameter $\theta $ is the random moment at which the density $f_0 $ changes to $f_1 $ (§ 1–3) or to one of the $f_1 , \cdots ,f_m $ (§ 5). In the case when the densities $f_0 ,f_1 , \cdots ,f_m $ belong to the exponential family and the functional which is minimized is a non-additive one of a special form, we find a finite number of Markov sufficient statistics. Connections between the problem considered and other problems of sequential analysis are also discussed.
A Method for Incorporating Changes in Extracellular Volume and Myocyte Size Into the Cardiac Bidomain Equations

This study aims to develop a robust approach for integrating simultaneous changes in extracellular volume (ECV) and myocyte size into the cardiac bidomain equations. We developed a straightforward method for scaling conduction velocity (CV) in cardiac tissue as a function of ECV and myocyte radius (r). Simulations of apical pacing were performed in a computational model of human ventricular epicardium under control conditions $(r=10.6 \ \mu m)$ and in myocyte hypertrophy $(r=15.45\mu m)$, and for three different ECV levels (21.5, 25 and 30%) that correspond to values reported in healthy and diseased hearts. Increasing ECV shortened total activation time (faster CV) under both control and hypertrophic conditions (control: 200, 189 and 178 ms; myocyte hypertrophy: 162, 154 and 145 ms; values for ECV of 21.5, 25 and 30, respectively). Increasing r to the myocyte hypertrophy state also shortened total activation time on average by 23%. These findings demonstrate that changes in both ECV and cell radius noticeably alter ventricular conduction. Future work will expand the method to include diffuse fibrosis and to match QRS durations in patient-specific hearts with normal and hypertrophic geometries.
TT Arietis: Photometric variability from 1985 to 1994

Results of photoelectric observations of TT Ari during the 1985{1994 interval are presented. Observations were carried out at the Rozhen and Belogradchik observatories as part of our programme for the study of anti-dwarf novae. The long-term light curve in the standard UBV system is constructed and peculiar- ities of the long-term behaviour of the star in this time interval are discussed. 21 moments of maxima and 14 mo- ments of minima are added to the list of known maxima and minima of 3.2-hour modulations. The period of 3.2- hour modulations during the 1987/1988, 1989/1990 and 1990/1991 seasons is determined. In our 29 observing runs we searched for 20-min quasi-periodic variations, which were detected in 25 of them. Our results show that in 1989, the 20-min modulation mean period reached a lo- cal maximum of 19.45 min and declined afterwards. The mean brightness variability analysis during the aforemen- tioned seasons conrmed the reliability of the 3: d 8p eriod suspected by Semeniuk et al. (1987).
Oscillatory flow in curved pipes. Part 2. The fully developed case

A theoretical and experimental investigation of oscillatory flow in curved pipes is presented. The equations for fully developed laminar flow are found to depend on an amplitude parameter G and a frequency parameter α. Initially the Navier–Stokes equations are expanded in terms of G and the resulting linearized equations are solved numerically using finite Hankel integral transforms. A further expansion is used for the case α → 0 and closed-form solutions are presented. Laser-Doppler anemometry has been used to obtain velocity information in oscillatory air flow in small-diameter curved glass tubes. Using this technique, low-Reynolds-number experiments were carried out and comparison between theory and experiments is presented. For α [les ] 1 the velocity distributions found are essentially those for steady flow, while for α [ges ] 11·0 the results are not at variance with earlier work. It is for the transition stage between these two regimes that unexpected behaviour is recorded, but a satisfactory explanation is found in terms of general trends within the flow.
Intention to Use Mobile Augmented Reality in the Tourism Sector

This article examines the main variables that influence the intention to use Augmented Reality (AR) applications in the tourism sector in Jordan. The study model has been constructed based on the unified theory of acceptance and the use of technology2 (UTAUT2), by incorporating a new construct (aesthetics) to explore the usage intention of Mobile Augmented Reality in Tourism (MART). A questionnaire was used and distributed to a sample of 450 participants. Data were analyzed using the Smart PLS version 3.0. for testing 12 hypotheses. 29 measurement items were carefully reviewed based on previous studies that were selected to assess the research hypotheses. The findings revealed that the proposed model elucidates 35.7% of the variance in the users’ intention to use MART. The results also showed that both performance expectancy and aesthetics were found to be the most significant factors at level (0.001). Four variables, respectively, were at level (0.01) which consisted of social influence, facilitating conditions, hedonic motivation, and price value. The weakest effect was effort expectancy at level (0.05). As the use of AR has become important for tourists, this study establishes a research base that can be built upon for future researchers. MART developers can benefit from the results of this research to design and deliver this service successfully and to ensure that its adoption by users is achieved.
Variety of rumen microbial populations involved in biohydrogenation related to individual milk fat percentage of dairy cows

Our objective was to investigate the contribution of the rumen microbiome on the individual milk fat percentage (MFP) of Holstein dairy cows under the same nutritional and management conditions. From 92 early lactation dairy cows, the top 10 with the highest MFP (HF; n = 10) and the last 10 with the lowest MFP (LF; n = 10) were selected for the study. As a result, the milk trans-10, cis-12 C18:2 content was significant lower in the HF group than that in the LF group (P < 0.001). The rumen acetate to propionate ratio was significant higher in the HF group than that in the LF group (P = 0.035). According to the results of 16S rRNA gene sequencing, a minor but significant difference existed between the groups (P = 0.040). Three genera of the family Lachnospiraceae and four genera of the order Bacteroidales were identified to be the biomarkers for the LF group and HF group in the LEfSe analysis, respectively. Three microbial modules enriched by the family Lachnospiraceae were positively related to the milk trans-10, cis-12 C18:2 content (rs > 0.60, P < 0.05). According to the results of shotgun metagenome sequencing, three kinds of linoleic acid (LA) isomerase genes were present in the gene pools of the rumen microbiome. Among them, the relative abundance of Bifidobacterium LA isomerase (BBI) was higher in the HF group than that in the LF group (P = 0.007). Three metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) with LA isomerase genes were positively correlated to the milk trans-10, cis-12 C18:2 content (rs> 0.40, P < 0.05). Furthermore, all of these three MAGs were found to be able to produce lactate. Taken together, these results indicate that the increased relative abundance of microbial population with the trans-10 biohydrogenation pathway within the rumen microbiome contributes to the decrease of MFP via the increase of rumen trans-10, cis-12 C18:2 production. This study provides a new perspective for the development of measures for improving the milking performance of dairy cows.
Gallocatechin Gallate Inhibits the Replication of Pseudorabies Virus via Suppressing the Entry and Release Stages in Its Replication Cycle

Simple Summary The development of antiviral compounds is an important method for preventing virus infection. The pseudorabies virus (PRV), one kind of alpha-herpesvirus, which can induce lytic and latent infection in pigs, causes huge economic losses to the Asian swine industry. Not only pigs but also multiple species of infection hosts of PRV have been reported, such as horses, bats, wolves, mice, cattle, etc. More crucially, it has been shown that the pseudorabies virus might be transmitted to human beings from infected animals. However, anti-PRV drugs have been rarely studied. In this study, a library of natural compounds was screened using an EGFP-labeled PRV, and the results showed that gallocatechin gallate, which is an extract from green tea, could significantly inhibit the replication of PRV in a dose-dependent manner. Finally, it was demonstrated that the entry and release stages of the PRV replication cycle were significantly suppressed by gallocatechin gallate. This study offers a new venture for the development of treatments against pseudorabies disease. Abstract The pseudorabies virus is a widespread swine pathogen that has caused significant economic losses to the global pig industry. Due to the emergence of PRV variant strains in recent years, vaccines cannot provide complete protection against the infection of PRV. Therefore, the research on antiviral compounds is of great importance for PRV treatment. In this study, an EGFP-labeled PRV was used to screen anti-PRV compounds from 86 natural product extracts. Gallocatechin gallate was found to efficiently inhibit the replication of PRV with a half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 0.41 μM. In addition, it was found that gallocatechin gallate was unable to directly inactivate PRV and had no effect on the attachment stage of PRV. However, it was found that gallocatechin gallate significantly suppressed the viral entry stage. Furthermore, it was found that the release stage of PRV was also significantly suppressed by gallocatechin gallate. Together, this study found that gallocatechin gallate could efficiently inhibit the replication of PRV by suppressing the entry and release stages of PRV, which will contribute to the development of a new therapeutic strategy against PRV infection.