Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Generic Drug Switch in Epilepsy – Pharmacokinetic and Clinical Aspects

Background and aim: Generic drugs contain the same active ingredients as brandname drugs, with the advantage of much lower costs. The aim of this thesis was to contribute new knowledge to the ongoing debate on the safety of generic antiseizure drug (ASD) substitutions. There was a particular emphasis on the pharmacokinetic and clinical outcomes. Methods: In papers I and II, a prospective naturalistic study of generic drug switching of levetiracetam (LEV) was conducted with repeated LEV serum concentration measurements and assessment of quality of life before and after the switch. In paper III, a cross-sectional survey study was conducted to explore associations between the characteristics of people with epilepsy (PWE) and their attitudes toward the generic substitution of ASDs. In paper IV, an online survey study of physicians’ perspectives on generic ASD substitution in epilepsy was conducted. Results: Paper I: Fluctuation of LEV serum concentrations was equal with branded LEV and the generic LEV. Within-subject variability was much larger than the small, non-significant differences between the two LEV products. No switchbacks occurred. Paper II: Irrespective of brand or generic treatment, subjects were less worried about seizures at the end of the study compared to at inclusion. Paper III: High proportions of PWE express concerns about generic substitution of ASDs. Survey respondents with prior experience of generic ASD substitution were more likely to accept a future switch. Paper IV: Neurologists in two major Swedish healthcare regions generally have positive attitudes toward the generic substitution of ASDs in epilepsy. Conclusions: Current evidence suggests that the pharmacokinetic consequences of generic substitutions of bioequivalent immediate release second-generation ASDs are negligible at group level. Data on clinical aspects of generic substitutions are not as robust, but real-world prospective data indicate that possible substitution risks are generally small to non-existent in treatment-adherent individuals. Future studies should elaborate on interventions to ensure treatment adherence and reduce worries in connection with a switch. A structured nurse-led follow-up could be a cost-effective example of such an intervention that could facilitate successful generic substitution and lead to substantial cost savings.
Chemical Composition of Essential Oils from Rosmarinus officinalis L and Acridicide Activity on Dociostaurus maroccanus Thunberg, 1815 in Morocco

This work aims to study the chemical composition of essential oils from Rosmarinus officinalis L. samples collected in spring in Moyen-Atlas (Morocco) and to test their insecticide activity on survival of the pest locust Dociostaurus maroccanus. These essential oils are characterized by the presence of 1,8-cineole (42,24%), α-pinene (16,31%), camphor (10.81%), sabinene (8,64%) and myrtenol (5,01%) as major compounds. Comparative analyses among plants collected in different countries evidenced 4 well defined chemotypes, associated to more or less extended territories. Our extract was active against locusts, as estimated by the determination of the LT50 (lethal time 50). LT50 obtained was around 2.25 days for females and 1.9 days in males. This effect can be attributed to one or several compounds of the extract. Given the high humidity of produced faeces, disturbance of water intake by rectum seems to be the most probable cause of mortality.
A Large Scale Study of User Behavior, Expectations and Engagement with Android Permissions

We conduct a global study on the behaviors, expectations and engagement of 1,719 participants across 10 countries and regions towards Android application permissions. Participants were recruited using mobile advertising and used an application we designed for 30 days. Our app samples user behaviors (decisions made), rationales (via in-situ surveys), expectations, and attitudes, as well as some app provided explanations. We study the grant and deny decisions our users make, and build mixed effect logistic regression models to illustrate the many factors that influence this decision making. Among several interesting findings, we observed that users facing an unexpected permission request are more than twice as likely to deny it compared to a user who expects it, and that permission requests accompanied by an explanation have a deny rate that is roughly half the deny rate of app permission requests without explanations. These findings remain true even when controlling for other factors. To the best of our knowledge, this may be the first study of actual privacy behavior (not stated behavior) for Android apps, with users using their own devices, across multiple continents.
AMEP_A_309440 431..438

1Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia; 2Department of Environmental Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia Introduction: The knowledge of basic medical science could help to remember a fact and be used to understand causal mechanisms of disease process that improve the accuracy of diagnostic formulations. Objective: To assess the perception and attitude of medical students towards basic medical science subjects along with retention rate and clinical relevance in Wollo University. Methods: Institutional-based cross-sectional study design was employed in Wollo University from September, 2020 to October, 2020. A pre-tested and structured selfadministered questionnaire was used for data collection. All opinions were rated using a positive-point Likert scale, which ranges from “strongly disagree” to “strongly agree. ” The data were entered and analyzed using SPSS version 20. Results: A total of 153 students participated with a 100% response rate. Among them, 45 (29.4%), 38 (24.8%), 39 (25.5%), and 31 (20.3%) were PC-II, C-I, C-II, and Intern students, respectively. Ninety-six (62.7%) of medical students were very much interested in basic medical science subjects. But, 113 (73.9%) of them did not have plans to join the subjects as a future career. The main reasons in more than half 85 (55.7%) of the respondents were less financial growth followed by less chance of promotion 31 (20.3%). There were 66.7% of the students who considered anatomy as clinically relevant, whereas 53.6% and 47.1% considered physiology and biochemistry, respectively, to be clinically relevant. The number of students who could recall anatomy and physiology during relevant clinical discussions was 102 (66.7%) and 85 (55.6%), respectively. This percentage was relatively less for biochemistry (26.8%). Conclusion: In conclusion, medical students have a positive attitude towards basic medical science subjects. However, they are hesitant to join the field because it offers them less financial growth and few chances of promotion. Moreover, anatomy and physiology were highly relevant subjects during clinical practice. But, the retention rate of basic medical science knowledge during their clinical year was low.
Management of brown plant hopper (BPH), Nilaparvata lugens (Stal) in rice of Bhadradri Kothagudem district

The study was undertaken to demonstrate on the management of brown plant hopper (BPH), Nilaparvata lugens in rice with formation of alleyways, recommended dose of nitrogen fertilizer, alternate wetting and drying, spraying of pymetrozine 50 WG 0.6 g/l and spraying azardiractin 1500 ppm 5ml /l for adult management. When results were compared with farmers practiced plots the hopper incidence was lower in the technology demonstrated plot with 10.1 and 15.7 adults /hill in tillering stage and 20.9 and 29.8 adults /hill in panicle stage with increased yield of 7.5 and 7.7 per cent during corresponding Kharif 2018 and Kharif 2019. The cost benefit ratio (BC Ratio) was higher with 2.1:1 and 2.6:1 in technology demonstrated plot and lower in farmer practiced plot with 1.70:1 and 1.86:1 in corresponding Kharif 2018 and Kharif 2019.
Deformable object classification through robot grasping

Learning about objects through manipulation importantly complements visual perception mainly to identify physical properties of objects such as stiffness, mass, or surface roughness. This holds both for human and robot perception. In this work, I study the classification of deformable objects by grasping them using four different robotic hands / grippers: Barrett Hand (3 fingers with adjustable configuration), qb SoftHand (5 fingers, 1 motor), and two industrial parallel jaw grippers (Robotiq 2F-85 and OnRobot RG6). The time series collected during object compression (and sometimes decompression) are fed into four different classifiers: k Nearest Neighbors (kNN) and LSTM applied on raw data, and kNN and SVM on features. I systematically compare the grippers’ performance, together with the effects of: (i) action parameters (grasping configuration and speed of squeezing), (ii) knowledge transfer ability, and (iii) individual sensory modalities. The Robotiq 2F-85 and the Barrett Hand perform best. The OnRobot RG6 is closely in line, and qb SoftHand performs significantly worse. The 2-finger grippers thus provide a more parsimonious solution to deformable object classification relying only on the stress/strain characteristics in only 2 sensory channels (position and effort), compared to the Barrett hand with 96 tactile sensors, 3 fingertip torque sensors, and 8 joint encoders. The supervised learning problem is complemented by principal component analysis to uncover the sources of variability in the data. This work provides a unique contribution in that it deploys four different robot hands/grippers on the same datasets and systematically studies their performance. Transfer learning between different robot hands remains a future challenge.
Gender Differences in State Anxiety Related to Daily Function Among Older Adults During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Questionnaire Study

Background The COVID-19 pandemic poses a challenge to people’s day-to-day functioning and emotional and physical health, especially among older adults. Objective The aim of this study is to analyze gender differences in state anxiety, daily functional self-actualization, and functional cognition as well as the relationships among those factors in older adults during the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown. Methods We collected data on the web from a sample of 204 people (102 men and 102 women) aged 60 years and older. In addition to a demographic questionnaire, we used the State-Trait Personality Inventory to assess state anxiety, the Daily Functional Actualization questionnaire to evaluate daily functional self-actualization, and the Daily Living Questionnaire to measure functional cognition. Results Significant gender differences were found for state anxiety (t202=−2.36, P=.02); daily functional self-actualization (t202=2.15, P=.03); and the functional cognition components: complex tasks (Z=−3.07, P=.002); cognitive symptoms that might be interfering (Z=−2.15, P=.028); executive functions (Z=−2.21, P=.024); and executive function monitoring (Z=−2.21, P=.027). Significant medium correlations were found between both state anxiety level and daily functional self-actualization (r=−0.62, P<.001) and functional cognition (r=0.37-0.40, P<.001). Gender predicted 3% of the variance in state anxiety level, while daily functional self-actualization predicted 41% and complex activities (Daily Living Questionnaire) predicted an additional 3% (F3,200=58.01, P<.001). Conclusions In older adults, anxiety is associated with cognitive decline, which may harm daily functional abilities and lead to social isolation, loneliness, and decreased well-being. Self-awareness and knowledge of gender differences and relationships between common available resources of daily functional self-actualization and functional cognition with anxiety may be strengthening factors in crisis periods such as the COVID-19 pandemic.
Media usage profile of adolescents in varied economic background

Media plays an important role in social development and teenagers are the future of the society. This study made an attempt to elicit responses from teenagers on media content by projecting questions such as; what kind of content are teenagers viewing/reading mostly? What are their favourite programmes; Do they search for any information about nutrition and health related matters? What is the primary source of information for teenagers about health and nutrition? ; and how do they spend their leisure-time? This cross-sectional study adopted stratified random sampling from three types of economic groups using a self-administered questionnaire as a tool for data collection. Results revealed that parents and Internet are serving as primary source of health and nutrition information for teenagers. Teenagers of poor families’ have low access to Internet, which manifests the glaring ‘digital divide’. Contrary to this, boys of poor families watching porn visuals is significantly highest compared to all strata of boys and girls, which clearly indicates the misuse of Internet by boys of poor families. This study recommends that parents, the media, health practitioners and policy makers, among others look into possible ways of increasing the benefits and reducing the harm that media can have on the development of children and adolescents. Key words: Mass media, teenagers, economic background, digital divide, health and nutrition information.
An Open Trial of Group Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) With an Adjunctive Mobile App for Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD)

Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) is a common and debilitating condition. Effective treatments exist, but they are timeand resource-intensive. This study tested the initial efficacy and acceptability of a novel treatment protocol designed to increase efficiency: acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) taught in groups and through an adjunctive mobile app. Participants were 21 individuals with GAD who received six weeks of 2-hour group ACT sessions as well as access to an adjunctive ACT mobile app. Significant improvements occurred in worry, anxiety, social functioning, and depression as well as relevant processes (psychological inflexibility, anxiety-related cognitive fusion). In-the-moment improvements were also observed in symptoms and ACT processes immediately after completing mobile app sessions. Treatment was perceived as credible and acceptable overall. However, rates of reliable and clinically significant change were low, and app usage did not correlate with change in worry. Overall, this study suggests that an efficient, brief ACT group intervention combined with a mobile app may lead to improvements in GAD but may not be sufficient for clinically significant change. A detailed overview of the treatment is included, and guidance for clinicians interested in implementing this protocol is discussed.
Association of Metastasis with Clinicopathology in Mexican Cases of Osteosarcoma, Giant Cell Tumor and Chondrosarcoma

The National Institute of Rehabilitation (Mexico City) has reported that OS is the most frequent malignant bone tumor (46.6%) followed by the CS (8.7%) and the most frequent benign bone tumor was GCTb (14.6%), this study were performed during the period of 2000-2005. (Baena-Ocampo et al., 2009; Uribe-Rosales et al., 2014). Different studies showed that the lung is the most common site of metastases in this kind of tumors. (Llamas-Duran et al., 2011;Yang et al., 2012; Choeyprasert W et al., 2014) OS is the most common malignant primary bone tumor; predominantly affecting young people, comprising about 20% of primary bone sarcoma (Huang et al., 2015) of 11% to 20% of patients have detectable metastases at
Comparison and Contrast of Islamic Water Management Principles with International Water Law Principles: A Case Study of Helmand River Basin

1 Research Center, Ghalib University, Herat, Afghanistan; loodin2234@gmail.com 2 Professor, Geography in the College of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, Oregon State University, USA; Aaron.Wolf@oregonstate.edu * Correspondence: loodin2234@gmail.com ; Tel. : 0093-798-697-629 Abstract: Considering the negative impacts of climate changes along with the rapid increase in population in Islamic dominated states, e.g., the Middle East, water tension among upstream and downstream states is increasing. Despite the importance of water management in Islamic culture, the role of religion has been under-valued and under-emphasized by the scholars. The paper has sought to compare and contrast Islamic water management principles (IWMP) with international water law principles (IWLP). The findings from this analysis show not only that IWMP are in conformity with IWLP, but that in many cases, IWMP can be more effective. For instance, where international water accords between riparian states of a shared river basin are poorly developed and lack enforcement mechanisms under IWLP, those upstream states can abuse their geographical locations depriving those downstream-ers. In contrast, IWMPs stress the equitable and reasonable use of water resources among upstream and downstream users of a shared watercourse. Moreover, although IWLPs emphasize the conservation and preservation of ecosystems and the environment at the basin level, the inter-basin states especially those upstream can pose significant harm to the ecosystems. On the other side, Islam as the religion of peace, has placed much emphasis on the preservation of nature. For example, the verse, “. And waste not by excess, for Allah loves not the wasters” [Quran, 7:31], illustrates the importance of the sustainable use of water and the environment. It is argued that if Islamic Water Management Principles are incorporated into the management instrument of Islamic States, the issue of equitable and sustainable use of water among Muslim-dominated riparian states (e.g., Iran, Afghanistan, etc.) will be solved.
Exercise Improves Endothelial Function via the lncRNA MALAT1/miR-320a Axis in Obese Children and Adolescents

Background Endothelial dysfunction commonly occurs in obese children and adolescents, leading to an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases. Exercise has significant protective effects against endothelial dysfunction through regulating some noncoding RNAs. This study aimed to investigate the relationship of long noncoding RNA MALAT1 and microRNA-320a (miR-320a) with the exercise-induced improvement of endothelial dysfunction in obese children and adolescents. Methods Sixty obese children and adolescents were included in this study, including 40 cases that received 12-week exercise training and 20 cases that received only diet control. The anthropometric and blood indices before and after exercise were recorded and compared, and the endothelial dysfunction was evaluated by examining the levels of markers, including VCAM-1, ICAM-1, and E-selectin, using an ELISA assay. The expression levels of noncoding RNAs were assessed using real-time quantitative PCR, and their correlation with patients' recorded indices and endothelial dysfunction markers was analyzed. Results The 12-week exercise training significantly decreased the levels of VCAM-1, ICAM-1, and E-selectin and could inhibit MALAT1 but promote miR-320a expression in obese children and adolescents. The expression of MALAT1 and miR-320a was correlated with the changes in the anthropometric and blood indices of obese children and adolescents, and their correlations with endothelial dysfunction markers were obtained. Conclusion All the data revealed that exercise has significantly protective effects against endothelial dysfunction and can regulate the expression of the MALAT1/miR-320a axis. MALAT1 and miR-320a were correlated with endothelial dysfunction markers, indicating that the MALAT1/miR-320a axis may be related with the alleviating effects of exercise on endothelial function in obese children and adolescents.
Relationship between P2XR4 Gene Variants and the Risk of Schizophrenia in South-East of Iran: A Preliminary Case-Control Study and in Silico Analysis

Background: Schizophrenia (SZN) is a heterogeneous disorder. Recently, the role of purinergic receptor’s signaling in mental disorders has implicated. There is no evidence regarding the association of P2XR4 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and the risk of behavioral disorders. Therefore, this preliminary study, we determined the association of rs1169727A/G and rs25644A/G variants located in P2XR4 gene with the risk of SZN. Methods: This case-control study was performed on 150 SZN patient referring to Baharan Hospital, Zahedan (Eastern of Iran) in 2018. Genotyping was done by tetra-amplification refractory mutation system polymerase chain reaction (Tetra ARMS-PCR). Different databases were used to determine the effects of the SNPs on the secondary structure of P2XR4 pre-mRNA and protein as well as binding of transcriptional regulators. Results: The G allele of rs1169727 significantly increased the risk of SZN (OR=1.41, 95%CI=1.02–1.93, P=0.039), but there was no significant association was found between the other SNP and SZN. Moreover, GG model of rs1169727 (OR=2.46, 95%CI= 1.32–4.62, P=0.004) and rs25644 (OR=3.45, 95%CI= 1.12–5.10, P=0.013) increased the risk of SZN. The substitution of A and G alleles of rs1169727 significantly altered the secondary structure of pre-mRNA (P=0.1). In silico analysis revealed that rs25644A/G could act as an intronic cryptic donor site. Screening for flanking sequence of rs1169727A/G and rs25644A/G predicted a novel enhancer and silencer for both SNPs. Conclusion: rs1169727A/G and rs25644A/G are linked to SZN susceptibility in a sample of the Iranian population. In-silico analysis indicated that rs25644 have substantial roles in determining the pre-mRNA and protein structure of P2XR4 gene.
CLEBSCH ANTI-REDUCTION OF LIE–POISSON SYSTEMS

We propose a systematic procedure called the Clebsch anti-reduction for obtaining a canonical Hamiltonian system that is related to a given Lie–Poisson equation via a Poisson map. We describe both coordinate and geometric versions of the procedure, the latter apparently for the first time. The anti-reduction procedure gives rise to a collection of basic Lie algebra questions and leads to classes of invariants of the obtained canonical Hamiltonian system. An important product of anti-reduction is a means for numerically integrating Lie–Poisson systems while preserving their invariants, by utilizing symplectic integrators on the anti-reduced system. We give several numerical examples, including the Kida vortex, a model system for the rattleback toy, and the heavy top on a movable base with controls.
Beggars do not Envy Millionaires: Social Comparison, Socioeconomic Status, and Subjective Well-Being

In this chapter I review theory and evidence linking socioeconomic status in society to subjective wellbeing. Research on this topic includes studies across countries and cultures and two primary theoretical perspectives that make predictions about the direction and strength of the relationship between SES and subjective well-being—need theory and social comparison theory. This chapter suggests that both need theory and social comparison theories can explain some of the patterns of associations between SES and SWB but that both theories are underspecified to fully predict the ways in which associations between SES and SWB shift as a function of situation, culture, and context. Notably, social cognitive tendencies and cultural definitions of the self that arise from SES, may elicit differential bases for SWB and constrain researchers’ ability to make complete conclusions about how SES relates to SWB. The chapter closes with an examination of lay beliefs about links between SES and SWB and their capacity to elicit future directions in research in this important domain of inquiry. This added complexity is an important next step in understanding the bidirectional relationships between money and happiness.