Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Temporal Dynamics of Zostera marina L. off the Lagoon of Grado (Northern Adriatic Sea, Italy)

Abstract The temporal dynamics of biomass, phenology and sexual reproduction of Zostera marina were investigated during 1997 in a shallow meadow located off the eastern sea entrance of the Lagoon of Grado (northern Adriatic Sea). Total biomass and the relative contribution of the above- and below-ground compartments were measured, as well as the shoot density and phenological parameters of vegetative and fertile shoots. Flowering and seed production were also investigated and the stages of spathe maturation were recorded. Total biomass was highest in summer and lowest in autumn; the relative contribution of the above-ground compartment, mainly composed of leaf blades, was highest in summer and lowest in autumn, when it accounted for about 40% and 7%, respectively. Below-ground organs (rhizomes and roots) accounted for a higher fraction during the autumn-winter period. Shoot density and all the phenological features of vegetative shoots, except the number of leaves per shoot, changed widely throughout the year with maxima generally occurring in spring-summer and minima in autumn-winter. With regard to the sexual reproduction, the flowering of Z. marina was at the initial stage and the density of fertile shoots m−2 was lower in winter than in spring (6 vs 265 fertile shoots m−2), when ripe fruits occurred on spathes. In summer, the fertile shoots still present (5 fertile shoots m−2) were dark-brown coloured with evident signs of decay. A pollination success of 55% was observed and a potential of seed production of more than 20000 seeds m−2 was estimated in spring. The seasonal plant dynamics and the timing of the sexual reproduction of Z. marina at Grado seem to be similar to those observed in the Lagoon of Venice and in some areas outside the Mediterranean Sea. The results of this paper and the published data emphasise the great variability in the temporal dynamics, phenological features of both vegetative and reproductive shoots, and in the potential seed production of Z. marina. In this respect, the well known phenotypic plasticity of this species may account for its ability to live in variable environmental conditions. The high potential of sexual reproduction, however, is apparently in contrast with the absence of records of seedlings in the northern Adriatic Sea.
Factors affecting citizenship education according to perceptions and experiences of secondary-school teachers

Bu arastirmada vatandaslik egitimini etkileyen okul, cevre, ogrenci, ogretmen ve program kaynakli faktorlerin ortaogretim ogretmenlerinin algilarina ve deneyimlerine gore degerlendirilmesi amaclanmistir. Arastirma nitel bir arastirma olup, olgu bilime gore desenlenmistir. Katilimcilar maksimum cesitlilik ornekleme gore secilmistir. Arastirmanin calisma grubu 2017-2018 egitim ogretim yilinda Gaziantep ilinin Şahinbey ilcesinde 3 farkli ortaogretim kurumunda gorev yapan 8 cografya, tarih ve felsefe ogretmeninden olusmustur. Arastirmada veriler yari yapilandirilmis gorusme formu yoluyla toplanmistir. Veriler icerik analizi yoluyla analiz edilmistir. Veriler arasindaki iliskiler nedensel aglarla kurulmus ve gosterilmistir. Arastirmadan ortaya cikan sonuclar katilimci ogretmenlerin vatandaslik ve vatandaslik egitimi kavramlarini birey, devlet, hak, sorumluluk vb. olmak uzere literaturle benzer kodladiklari gorulmektedir. Arastirmada katilimcilarin tamaminin ogretim sureclerinde vatandaslik bilgi ve becerisine yonelik calismalar yaptiklari anlasilmaktadir. Vatandaslik egitimi surecinde ogretim programlarinin izlendigi ve informal (plansiz) egitim yoluyla da destek alindigi gorulmektedir. Katilimcilara gore vatandaslik egitimi uzerinde okul, cevre, ogrenci, ogretmen ve program kaynakli olumlu ve olumsuz bircok faktor etkilidir.
A Late Miocene to Late Pleistocene Reconstruction of Precipitation Isotopes and Climate From Hydrated Volcanic Glass Shards and Biomarkers in Central Alaska and Yukon

The Pliocene (5.3–2.6 Ma), an epoch with periods of climatic warmth and possible analogue for the future, has been well‐characterized globally by marine geochemical proxies. However, far less is known about Pliocene warmth at continental high latitudes, where the greatest impacts of warming are expected. This study seeks to better characterize the Pliocene climate of central Alaska and Yukon based on a reconstruction of the stable hydrogen isotope composition of precipitation relative to modern (ΔδDprecip) preserved in volcanic glass shards, a proxy for mean air temperature. The studied tephras are from a regional suite of outcrops that, when assembled into a composite record of ΔδDprecip, can be used to resolve broad trends during the late Miocene (6.7–5.86 Ma, n = 5), Pliocene (5.08–2.81 Ma, n = 7), and late Pleistocene (0.74–0.03 Ma, n = 3). These trends indicate that Pliocene ΔδDprecip estimates were generally more enriched in heavy isotopes than the latest Miocene, Pleistocene, and modern intervals. ΔδDprecip is likely influenced by changes in regional boundary conditions including orographic barriers, depositional environments, and ocean‐atmospheric circulation, but ΔδDprecip trends are most consistent with reconstructed temperatures from Yukon‐Alaska and North Pacific marine records. As such, this record appears predominantly sensitive to regional climate. Furthermore, qualitative temperature inferences from branched‐chain glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers (brGDGTs) from four of our sites dating between 2.91 and 6.17 Ma corroborate elevated temperatures during the early Pliocene. Overall, this study demonstrates the viability of volcanic glass δD as a proxy for ΔδDprecip and late Cenozoic climate change in this region.
Morphological Characteristics of Four Species in the Genus Skeletonema in Coastal Waters of South Korea

Most Skeletonema species have been identified under the name of S. costatum. To assess the morphological species diversity in the genus Skeletonema, we surveyed the nine localities in the coastal waters of South Korea. The light microscopy (LM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observations in this study showed that ultrastructural features of genus Skeletonema discriminated among four species: S. dohrnii Sarno & Kooistra, S. marinoi Sarno & Zingone, S. subsalsum (Cleve) Bethge, and S. tropicum Cleve. In S. dohrnii, cell diameters were 3-6 μm and the pervalvar axes were 13-19 μm. One or two partial chloroplasts were visible in a cell. Cells of S. marinoi were 4-10 μm and the pervalvar axes were 8-18 μm. Each cell contained one chloroplast. Cells of S. subsalsum which contained 1-2 chloroplasts were 8-13 μm and the pervalvar axes were 11-20 μm. Cells of S. tropicum were 10-18 μm and the pervalvar axes were 4-9 μm. 2-4 chloroplasts were seen in each cell. Tip width of fultoportula in S. dohrnii and S. marioni was flared and flat, but that in S. subsalsum and S. tropicum was narrow. Morphological groups among them, S. dohrnii and S. marinoi were the most widely distributed in all seasons, while S. tropicum was only occurred in a summer season.
Do herbivores exert top-down effects in Neotropical savannas? Estimates of biomass consumption by leaf-cutter ants

Abstract Question: Plant communities in Paleotropical savannas are regulated by a combination of bottom-up and top-down effects. However, the paucity of ungulates and other large herbivores in Neotropical savannas has led to speculation that these communities are primarily structured by physical factors such as fire, precipitation and soil chemistry. We addressed the following question: How much plant biomass is consumed by leaf-cutter ants in Neotropical savannas, and is it comparable to the amount of biomass consumed by herbivores in Paleotropical savanna sites? Location: Our study was conducted at the Estação Ecológica do Panga, located 30 km south of Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil. All field work was conducted in the vegetation type known as cerrado sensu stricto. Methods and Results: Using direct measurements of herbivory, coupled with estimates of plant productivity and ant colony density, we found that leaf-cutter ants (Atta spp.) consume 13–17% of the foliar biomass produced annually by woody plants in a Neotropical savanna (Brazilian cerrado). Although comparisons with other savanna systems are complicated by methodological differences among studies, the proportion of biomass consumed by Atta species is about 25% of that consumed by the entire ungulate community in some African savannas and greater than or comparable to the total herbivory observed in some terrestrial ecosystems. Conclusions: We hypothesize that this intense biomass consumption by Atta will have important ecological consequences for the cerrado ecosystem, because leaf-cutter abundance increases in fragmented or degraded habitats. These effects are likely to be exacerbated as anthropogenic pressure in this biodiversity hotspot increases.
Analysis of increasing IFN–γ expression in mice’s lung tissue infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis by giving purple leaf methanol extract

Context: Tuberculosis is an infectious disease that highly depends on the immune response. Purple leaves (Graptophyllum pictum (L) Griff) has an immune–modulatory activity. Aims: The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of purple leaf methanol extract (EMDU) on the expression of IFN–γ in mice lung tissue infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Materials and Methods: M. tuberculosis was infected in mice. The EMDU was given with dose (1.703, 3.406, 6.812) mg kg BW for 14 d after infection. The expression of IFN–γ protein (expression obtained from mice’s lung tissue) was examined using immunohistochemical examination using IFN–γ anti monoclonal antibodies. Calculations performed on immunoreactive cells showed positive expression and reddish–brown appearance on the cytoplasm. Calculated as many as ten fields of view using a light microscope at 400 times magnification, then the mean value is taken. The mean value of the number of immunoreactive cells is included as data. Data analysis by one way ANOVA and Duncan test. Results: The treatment group showed that IFN–γ expression in mice tuberculosis was significantly increased (p < 0.05) of EMDU. Conclusions: Administration of EMDU increase of IFN–γ expression in mice tuberculosis.
Sulfur Supplementation of Urea-containing Silages and Concentrates. I. Feed Intake and Lactation Performance

Abstract Thirty-two lactating cows were in a 2 × 2 factorial experiment; factors were corn silage treated with . 5% urea or 2.8% soybean meal at ensiling time and concentrates containing 0 or . 9% added sodium sulfate. In a 19-week experiment cows fed soybean corn silage consumed more dry matter per unit body weight and produced more milk than cows on urea corn silage (P In a second experiment 24 cows arranged in a 2 × 2 × 2 factorial were fed .5% urea silage or 3.5% soybean meal silage and concentrates containing 0 or .8% added urea, each with 0 or .8% added sodium sulfate. No treatment differences were detected in feed intake or milk yield during 40 weeks. Sulfur supplementation increased sulfur in ration dry matter from .13% to .22% (Experiment I) and . 11 to . 18% (Experiment II) and also changed the ratio of nitrogen to sulfur from 19:1 to 11:1 (Experiment I) and 21:1 to 13:1 (Experiment II).
Minimizing the ripple effect caused by operational risks in a make-to-order supply chain

Purpose: This paper aims to introduce a web-based pilot system for minimizing the ripple effect (i.e. spreading of the negative impact of an exceptional event along the supply chain from its original position) caused by operational risks in the context of make-to-order supply chains. Design/methodology/approach: The study employs a design science research methodology, which covers three major stages: system requirements identification, business process design and the implementation and evaluation of a web-based pilot system. Findings: The developed system has the potential to significantly reduce the negative impact of the ripple effect caused by operational risks in a make-to-order supply chain in terms of material shortages, late deliveries and subsequent additional costs associated with expediting measures when a customer order is running late. Research limitations/implications: The system presented in this paper is a prototype that needs to be further developed and tested in the future. Practical implications: This paper provides integrated business processes and useful guidelines for supply chain managers and information system developers in dealing with the ripple effect in the supply chain. Originality/value: In contrast to prior studies that have focused on investigating the impact of the ripple effect on the supply chain caused by natural or man-made disasters, this research attempts to offer a novel approach to address the research problem (i.e. the ripple effect caused by operational risks such as delays) directly from the design science perspective.
Carabid Beetles (Coleoptera, Carabidae) as Indicatorsof Hydrological Site Conditions in Floodplain Grasslands

The relationship of carabid beetle species occurrence patterns and environmental variables characterising the hydrological regime has been studied at the River Elbe in Central Germany. Both flood duration and groundwater depth had major influence on species assemblages as the ordination of study plots mainly followed a gradient along these two variables. The simultaneous ordination of the plots according to species occurrence and environmental parameters showed a highly significant joint structure with the first two axes of a co-inertia analysis, explaining >98% of the variance. A total of 27 species out of 129 caught fulfilled criteria of fidelity and specificity to the plots of the five clusters revealed by their abiotic conditions and were sufficiently abundant to be suitable indicators for one or a combination of clusters of plots.
Experimental and molecular evidence of Reptalus panzeri as a natural vector of bois noir

Bois noir (BN) is an economically important grapevine yellows disease induced by the stolbur phytoplasma and principally vectored by the cixiid Hyalesthes obsoletus. This study addresses the involvement of other planthoppers and/or leafhoppers in BN epidemics in the South Banat district of northeastern Serbia, by performing transmission experiments and multilocus typing of stolbur phytoplasma isolates to determine the vector-related characteristics of the disease. Transmission trials were conducted with adults of two cixiid congeners, Reptalus panzeri and R. quinquecostatus, which were found to harbour stolbur phytoplasma in the vineyards under study. A molecular characterization of stolbur phytoplasma isolates was performed by sequence analysis and/or RFLP typing of the two housekeeping genes tuf and secY and the two membrane proteins stamp and vmp1. Transmission trials with naturally infected R. panzeri adults from either the BN-infected vineyards or maize redness (MR)-affected maize fields revealed a high stolbur phytoplasma transmission efficiency to grapevines. In contrast, experiments conducted with stolbur-positive R. quinquecostatus originating from BN-infected vineyards, provided no evidence for a vector role of this species. Seven stolbur phytoplasma genotypes, all of which were tuf-b types, were detected among the grapevine- and insect-associated field samples according to the tuf/secY/vmp1/stamp typing. STOLg was the genotype most frequently found in naturally infected grapevine (42%), as well as R. panzeri originating from the vineyards (85%) and maize fields (98%). The same genotype was found in all experimental plants inoculated by R. panzeri, confirming its vectorship of the disease.
The Effectiveness of Using a Mobile Messenger as an Educational Supporting Tool among Nursing Students

The evolution of information technology has exerted great influence on nursing education via new pedagogy of knowledge delivery without time and place restriction. Mobile technology revolutionises nursing education and clinical practice via empowering skills of critical thinking and clinical decision-making through learning. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of using mobile messenger (Whatsapp) as an educational supporting tool among nursing students. The study design used is a Cluster Randomized Control Trail. Two nursing colleges were selected. Sample size was 93 participants, 48 from the Kuala Terengganu Nursing College Kuala Terengganu as the intervention group while the control group were recruited among 45 participants from UniSZA Nursing College. There is a significant difference in the level of knowledge between pre and posttest among intervention group (mean difference was -8.70 with a standard deviation 8.42, p-value< 0.001) and 93.8 percent of the respondents perceived the usefulness of using WhatsApp mobile messenger to enhance learning. This demonstrates that learning through mobile messenger (WhatsApp) enhances learning and is well received as a new method of learning by almost all students. Keywords: Mobile learning, WhatsApp messenger, Social Interaction
A pathomorphological study of the sublethal toxicity of cypermethrin in Sprague Dawley rats

Introduction : A study was undertaken to investigate the potential toxic effects of cypermethrin in adult Sprague Dawley male rats, with particular emphasis on its effect on the nervous and digestive systems. Materials and Methods: The clinical signs, gross and histological alterations were analyzed, to study the effects of different doses of cypermethrin. Results: Medium and high doses produced nervous signs in animals. Gross lesions were observed in the intoxicated groups, such as, bloat, congestion of lungs, heart, brain, pulmonary haemorrhage, and degenerative changes in the liver and kidneys. Microscopically effects on all organs were mild-to moderate degenerative changes at the low-dose level. Medium- and high-dose intoxicated groups revealed necrotic changes, extensive haemorrhages, congestion in organs like liver, kidney, and lungs apart from the changes observed in low-dose group animals. Conclusions: The text to abstract): The present study reveals that cypermenthrin can produce toxic effects in mammals at sublethal doses.
Fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas Rafinesque) reproduction in outdoor microcosms : an assessment of the ecological effects of fish density

This study was part of a research program designed to evaluate fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas) reproduction in 17-m 3 outdoor microcosms as a test system to investigate ecosystem-level impacts of toxicants. Sex ratios of fathead minnow (FHM) adults at stocking were manipulated to regulate the biomass and numbers of young-of-the-year (YOY) following reproduction. This study reports the effect of fish densities obtained from six different sex ratios on microcosm ecology that were compared to a fishless control during a 4.5-month period. Fish sampled during the study were representative of the actual population. Taxa collected from FHM stomachs were very diverse (16 groups) representing various communities and trophic levels. Bacillariophyta, filamentous algae, and macrophytes were the dominant food source ; however, Crustacea, rotifers, chironomids, and other macroinvertebrates were also important. Effects on community structure were investigated using multivariate discriminant analysis. There were no fish density effects on zooplankton or benthic macroinvertebrate community structures. Microcosms with high FHM densities had fewer emerging chironomids, and phytoplankton levels were elevated. Phytoplankton taxa, which discriminated phytoplankton community structure differences between fish biomass groups, were also positively correlated with total phosphorus.
Interprofessional Practice and Education Through 100 Years of Families in Society

This article explores 100 years of interprofessional practice and education (IPE) through the archives of Families and Society: The Journal of Contemporary Social Services. A journal-specific archival and systematic review employing quantitative and qualitative methods identifies early references to, and frequency of, terms and meanings associated with IPE; examines meanings associated with terms describing interprofessional interactions; and explores related contexts, settings, and populations served. Articles were searched using key terms from two scoping IPE reviews and narrowed based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. An Excel© spreadsheet was prepared using descriptive, qualitative, and coded items. Findings revealed early references to IPE-related concepts, an expanded list of classifications and descriptions of interprofessional interactions, and an extensive list of practice settings and populations served through IPE-related activities. Implications for social work education, practice, policy, and research are addressed.
Species richness and assemblage structure of Trichoptera in Danish streams.

SUMMARY 1. Species richness and assemblages of Trichoptera from 157 ‘pristine’ Danish lowland stream sites were analyzed, for dependence on geographical position of the sites and simple physical variables, using two way indicator species analysis and detrended correspondence analysis. 2. A total of 106 species were recorded, representing » 90% of the species pool known from Danish streams. Only seven species occurred at more than half the sites, whereas an additional 11 species were found at more than a quarter of the sites. 3. Although sites showed significant regional differences in environmental variables (stream order, width, slope and presence/absence of riparian forest), species richness and assemblages were primarily correlated with stream order, width and slope. Maximum richness was found at the largest (5th order) stream sites. 4. Regional differences in species assemblages were found, with several species being absent from the islands Funen and Bornholm. Species assemblages also differed between forested and non-forested stream sites. 5. We found evidence that stream temperature may be of only minor importance in determining Trichoptera species richness and assemblage composition in Danish streams compared to other size-related physical factors.