Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The anatomy of palate of Chroniosaurus dongusensis (Chroniosuchia, Chroniosuchidae) from the Upper Permian of Russia

Abstract: This article presents a detailed description and reconstruction of the palate of Chroniosaurus dongusensis, a chroniosuchid tetrapod from the Upper Permian of Russia, based on a new, chemically prepared specimen representing a juvenile animal with skull length of about 70 mm. It provides new information on this poorly known portion of the skull. The vomer, palatine and ectopterygoid are elongate bones bearing tusks on their lateral margins: six on the vomer, at least nine on the palatine and at least seven on the ectopterygoid. The anterior portion of the vomer is broad and meets its fellow in the median plane. The pterygoid is the largest and longest element of the palate. The anterior end of the pterygoid is divided into a pair of processes; the medial process meets its fellow in the median plane, and the anterior ends of these fit between the vomers. The medial margin of the palatal ramus bears no denticles and the edge is distinctly bevelled, produced into a dorsally inturned flange. The parasphenoid extends anteriorly into a long and narrow cultriform process located between the medial margins of the palatal rami of the pterygoids. The transverse process of the pterygoid is small, but distinct. The ventral surface of the pterygoid bears rows of small denticles that radiate from a site immediately lateral to the articular portion of the pterygoid. The posterior portion of the parasphenoidal plate extends into a short but distinct laterodorsally oriented processes. Using additional data derived from the current study, we performed a cladistic analysis based on an earlier one by the same authors. This analysis recovered 6 most parsimonious trees. The results differed slightly from the previous analysis in that all placed Chroniosaurus below the Viséan and Namurian anthracosaur Eoherpeton at the base of the Embolomeri, a group of Upper Carboniferous stem amniotes, rather than more crownward as in some of the previous trees.
Immunotherapy and Hypofractionated Radiotherapy in Older Patients with Locally Advanced Cutaneous Squamous-Cell Carcinoma of the Head and Neck: A Proposed Paradigm by the International Geriatric Radiotherapy Group

Simple Summary Older patients are at risk of skin cancer. Head and neck cutaneous squamous-cell carcinoma is due to prolonged sun exposure. When the disease is advanced, it requires a combination of an operation to remove the cancer, followed by radiotherapy for possible cure. However, older patients may not tolerate surgery. Recent studies show that this type of cancer may be very vulnerable to immunotherapy. We propose to combine immunotherapy with a short treatment course of radiotherapy instead of the conventional surgery and radiotherapy because those two treatments may work together to improve cure rates. However, clinical studies should be performed to verify our hypothesis. Abstract Cutaneous skin carcinoma is a disease of older patients. The prevalence of cutaneous squamous-cell carcinoma (cSCC) increases with age. The head and neck region is a frequent place of occurrence due to exposure to ultraviolet light. Surgical resection with adjuvant radiotherapy is frequently advocated for locally advanced disease to decrease the risk of loco-regional recurrence. However, older cancer patients may not be candidates for surgery due to frailty and/or increased risk of complications. Radiotherapy is usually advocated for unresectable patients. Compared to basal-cell carcinoma, locally advanced cSCC tends to recur locally and/or can metastasize, especially in patients with high-risk features such as poorly differentiated histology and perineural invasion. Thus, a new algorithm needs to be developed for older patients with locally advanced head and neck cutaneous squamous-cell carcinoma to improve their survival and conserve their quality of life. Recently, immunotherapy with checkpoint inhibitors (CPIs) has attracted much attention due to the high prevalence of program death ligand 1 (PD-L1) in cSCC. A high response rate was observed following CPI administration with acceptable toxicity. Those with residual disease may be treated with hypofractionated radiotherapy to minimize the risk of recurrence, as radiotherapy may enhance the effect of immunotherapy. We propose a protocol combining CPIs and hypofractionated radiotherapy for older patients with locally advanced cutaneous head and neck cancer who are not candidates for surgery. Prospective studies should be performed to verify this hypothesis.
Relation between Parenting Style of Primary School Age Children and their Psychosocial Behaviors

Parenting style has a great effect on psychosocial behaviors of the school age children. Aim: to assess the relation between parenting style of primary school age children and their psychosocial behaviors. Design: a descriptive cross-sectional study design . Settings: conducted in two medical centers and five Maternal and Child Health (MCH) centers at Tanta city, El Gharbia Governorate. Subjects: a number of 300 mothers with their primary school children were selected randomly from the previous settings. Tool of the study: A structured interview schedule was used to obtain the necessary data for the study. It consists of four parts as following: Part (1) : a) Socio-demographic characteristics of parents. b) Socio-demographic characteristics of child. Part (II): Parenting Styles and Dimensions Questionnaire short version. Part (III): The Home and Community Social Behavior Scales (HCSBS). Part (IV): The Stirling Children’s Wellbeing Scale (SCWBS). Results: It was found that authoritative parenting style was highly used by almost the majority (89.3%) of the studied parents. The authoritarian parenting style was moderately used by more than half (57.0%) of the studied parents. The permissive parenting style was moderately used by more than two fifths (45%) of them. There was a positive statistically significant correlation between total score of authoritative parenting style and total score of social and psychological behavior (p <0.001). While, there was a negative statistically significant correlation between the total score of authoritarian parenting style and the total score of social and psychological behavior (p=0.
Significant depletions of the ionospheric plasma density at middle latitudes: A possible signature of equatorial spread F bubbles near the plasmapause

[1] Plasma density irregularities in the equatorial F region ionosphere are generally called equatorial spread F (ESF). Large-scale plasma bubbles associated with ESF processes are generated in the bottomside F region and penetrate the F peak to the topside F region. It is still not fully understood how high ESF bubbles can reach. In this paper, we present the measurements of deep depletions of the ionospheric plasma density at 840-km altitude with the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP) satellites in the evening sector on 29 October 2003. The plasma depletions occurred after an interval of strong southward interplanetary magnetic field (IMF). A prominent feature of the observations is that the plasma depletions occurred at very high magnetic latitudes (MLAT), as well as at equatorial latitudes. The equatorial depletions were identified as plasma bubbles. The depletions at middle latitudes (20°–46° MLAT) were separated from the conventional ionospheric midlatitude trough and identified as the extension of ESF flux tubes into these latitudes. It implies that the plasma bubble, which caused the emptied flux tube at 46° MLAT, reached the altitude of 6800 km over the magnetic equator. The observations may represent the highest altitude/latitude of plasma bubbles that has ever been reported in the literature. For the plasma depletions at even higher latitudes (47°–49° MLAT) near the subauroral polarization stream (SAPS)/midlatitude trough, there are two candidate generation mechanisms. One is the extension of ESF flux tubes into these latitudes, implying that the plasma bubbles reached the altitude of 8400 km over the magnetic equator. Because the SAPS/midlatitude trough corresponds to the plasmapause at the plasmaspheric heights, the observations suggest that ESF plasma bubbles may have reached the plasmapause. Another mechanism is a field-aligned, low-density structure between the plasmasphere and ionosphere, and the plasma structure is generated through the strong electric field in the subauroral polarization stream region.
Moho depth and Vp/Vs in Ireland from teleseismic receiver functions analysis

S U M M A R Y This work presents a teleseismic P-wave receiver function study on 34 stations deployed across Ireland in order to determine the first-order crustal properties, thickness (H) and mean crustal Vp/Vs, over the entire island. We apply the H − Vp/Vs stacking method, which exploits the information contained in both the Ps and the multiple phases from the free-surface. In this way, we obtain the first Moho depth and Vp/Vs maps of Ireland based on a uniform distribution of measurements. The results are used to examine in detail the lateral variation of crustal thickness and Vp/Vs ratio across the major terrane boundaries in Ireland. Our results show a good agreement with the available previous estimates from onshore wide-angle/refraction experiments and add new information in poorly constrained areas such as Northern Ireland and the NW coast of Ireland. The mean Vp/Vs ratio is 1.73 ± 0.05 with a consistently low (≈1.70) value in the Leinster domain and in central Ireland. The mean crustal thickness is 30.9 ± 2.3 km. The southern portion of the island shows a nearly flat Moho at a depth of 32–33 km, while north of the Southern Uplands Fault, a relatively higher spatial frequency variation in Moho topography exists with values ranging from 28 to 32 km. This reflects the complex history of multiphase terranes accretion during the Caledonian orogeny, although locally, the superposition of more recent geological processes is not excluded. Crossing the Iapetus Suture Zone, our results support the presence of a ‘transitional’ Moho, that is, a 3–4 km smooth seismic transition between crust and mantle, while Moho depth remains constant. Anomalous values in Northern Ireland are interpreted as evidence of a 5to 6-kmthick high S-wave velocity layer just above the Moho.
Characterization of Newcastle Disease Virus Circulating in Vaccinated Poultry Farms in Egypt During 2020

Newcastle disease virus (NDV) is responsible for huge economic losses in birds worldwide. This study aims to isolate, identify, pathotype, and genetically characterize field isolates of NDV from various governorates in Egypt in 2020 (Giza, Gharbya, Kalyobiya, Cairo, and Menofiya). After the third passage, 23 of 50 infected samples (46%) showed positive hemagglutination activity in the collected allantoic fluid. The results revealed that all isolates from the governorates of Menoufia, Cairo, and Giza were velogenic, with a Mean death time (MDT) of 48 hours and an Intracerebral pathogenicity index (ICPI) ranging from 1.55-1.65. Sequencing the 766-bp segment, including the 3' end of the matrix gene and the 5' end of the fusion gene from three different isolates, indicated that they all possessed the 112RRQKRF117 motif typical of the virulent isolates. The sequenced isolates were grouped with class II genotype VIIb and had a high genetic distance to the LaSota reference strain. It is concluded that NDV strains circulating among vaccinated poultry farms in Egypt are virulent genotype VII and had a high genetic distance to the LaSota reference strain, resulting in significant economic losses.
Improving Tropical Precipitation Forecasts from a Multianalysis Superensemble

Abstract This paper utilizes forecasts from a multianalysis system to construct a superensemble of precipitation forecasts. This method partitions the computations into two time lines. The first of those is a control (or a training) period and the second is a forecast period. The multianalysis is derived from a physical initialization–based data assimilation of “observed rainfall rates. ” The different members of the reanalysis are produced by using different rain-rate algorithms for physical initialization. The basic rain-rate datasets are derived from satellites’ microwave radiometers, including those from the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) satellites and the Special Sensor Microwave Imager (SSM/I) data from three current U.S. Air Force Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP) satellites. During the training period, 155 experiments were conducted to find the relationship between forecasts from the multianalysis dataset and the best “observed” estimates of daily rainfall totals. This re.
Analysis of Student Tendencies in the Learning Process: Judging from Cheating Behavior

This study discusses the analysis of cheating behavior in the world of education. This type of research uses a qualitative descriptive method. The research subjects were SMP Nurul Khoir Jambi students, with a total population of 94 students and a sample of 34 students. The sampling technique used is random. Then, the data collection techniques used were Google Forms, interviews with two questions, and documentation. This study found that the number of students who often cheated was 15 people, the number of students who sometimes cheated was 10 people, and the number of students who rarely cheated was nine people.
A phonological investigation into the Meroitic ‘syllable’ signs – ne and se and their implications on the e sign

One of the most striking things about the Meroitic script is the inclusion of a distinct set of, traditionally termed, „syllable‟ signs (1a). 1 These „syllable‟ signs seem to show a disparity in the uniform structure of the script where (following Hintze 1973a) every consonant sign includes an inherent unmarked „a‟ vowel (1b); where there is a change in the vowel quality, a separate vowel sign is positioned following the consonant sign (1c). Since Hintze‟s (1973a) revision, the signs have the following traditional transliteration (italics) and phonemic transcription (slash brackets):
Elucidating multidecadal saltwater intrusion and vegetation dynamics in a coastal floodplain with artificial neural networks and aerial photography

Saltwater intrusion has been recognized as a major driver of ecological regime shifts in coastal wetlands, but few studies have incorporated long‐term salinity modelling data into the understanding of vegetation dynamics. This study uniquely combined artificial neural network (ANN) modelling and time series of aerial photographs to elucidate saltwater intrusion and mangrove encroachment into the freshwater floodplain of the Loxahatchee River over a period of six decades. Three ANN models were developed to simulate river salinity on a daily time step using freshwater inflow, rainfall and tide as inputs. With 8 years of measured data for training and testing, the ANN models demonstrated comparable or superior model performance for salinity simulation to their hydrodynamic counterparts. Modelling of historical salinity (1948–2011) using the ANNs indicated that the intensity of saltwater intrusion clearly correlated with watershed hydrology, which, in turn, was linked to historical watershed alterations and regional rainfall variability. Interpretation of the 1940, 1953, 1964, 1979, 1985 and 1995 aerial photographs revealed the progressive encroachment of mangroves and displacement of bald cypress and freshwater communities in the floodplain. The spatial extent of mangrove encroachment was related to the increasing mortality of bald cypress under the chronic effect of cumulative salinity exposure. The ecohydrological controls over vegetation changes in the Loxahatchee River support the ongoing ecosystem restoration programme, which aims to achieve incremental freshwater flow targets to protect and restore the floodplain ecosystem. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Interaction between the MJO and Polar Circulations

AbstractA tropical–polar connection and its seasonal dependence are examined using the real-time multivariate Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO) (RMM) index and daily indices for the annular modes, the Arctic Oscillation (AO) and the Antarctic Oscillation (AAO). On the intraseasonal time scale, the MJO appears to force the annular modes in both hemispheres. On this scale, during the cold season, the convection in the Indian Ocean precedes the increase of the AO/AAO. Interestingly, during the boreal winter (Southern Hemisphere warm season), strong MJOs in the Indian Ocean are related to a decrease of the AAO index, and AO/AAO tendencies are out of phase. On the longer time scales, a persistent AO/AAO anomaly appears to influence the convection in the tropical belt and impact the distribution of MJO-preferred phases. It is shown that this may be a result of the sea surface temperature (SST) changes related to a persistent AO, with cooling over the Indian Ocean and warming over Indonesia. In the Southern Hemisp.
Planning and Decision Support Tools for the Integrated Water Resources Management in Vietnam

Within the German-Vietnamese joint research project “Integrated Water Resources Management Vietnam”, Planning and Decision Support Tools on a regional scale are being developed. A Water Balance Tool is utilized to calculate and assess water demands and compares these with the quantity of water resources to identify surpluses or deficits. The sensitivity of water resources and the contamination potential are combined to display water quality aspects within a Contamination Risk Tool. A resulting evaluation is carried out with a Ranking Tool. It identifies areas with high priority need for action. The Planning and Decision Support Tools are being discussed with Vietnamese institutions and authorities.
The equation of state, amorphization, and high-pressure phase diagram of muscovite

The equation of state of (KAl3Si3O10(OH)2) muscovite has been measured to 20 GPa using X ray diffraction through the diamond anvil cell. The isothermal bulk modulus (K0T) of muscovite is 61.4 (±4.0) GPa with a pressure derivative of 6.9 (±1.4), in good agreement with Brillouin spectroscopic and shock wave measurements. Above 18 GPa at room temperature, muscovite loses its long-range crystalline order and amorphizes near 27 GPa The phase diagram of muscovite between 2 and 22 GPa at approximately 800°C has been investigated using the laser-heated diamond anvil cell. Between 1.8 and 3.7 GPa, muscovite transforms into an assemblage containing KAlSi3O8-sanidine, Al2O3-corundum, H2O, and cymrite-structured KAlSi3O8·H2O, consistent with previous piston-cylinder studies. The K-cymrite phase appears to persist metastably to greater than 10 GPa. Between 3.7 and 4.0 GPa, muscovite breaks down to wadeite-structured K2Si4O9, Al2SiO5-kyanite, Al2O3-corundum, and H2O, and between 10.9 and 12.0 GPa, muscovite transforms to an assemblage containing hollandite-structured KAlSi3O8, Al2O3-corundum, and H2O: this assemblage remains stable to at least 21 GPa. In accord with previous work on granitic and K-feldspar-phlogopite systems our results indicate that muscovite may transform into the hydrous phase K-cymrite under deep crustal PT conditions.
Baroreflex sensitivity following acute upper-body exercise in the cold among stable coronary artery disease patients

Background: A cold environment and exercise separately affect the autonomic nervous system (ANS), baroreflex sensitivity (BRS), and blood pressure variability (BPV) but their combined effects on post-exercise recovery are not known. Our cross-over trial examined these responses following upper-body static and dynamic exercise performed in a cold and neutral environment in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). Methods: 20 patients with stable coronary artery disease performed both graded static (10%–30% of maximal voluntary contraction) and dynamic (light, moderate and high perceived intensity) upper-body exercise at −15°C and +22°C for 30 min. Electrocardiogram and continuous blood pressure were measured to compute post-exercise (10 and 30 min after exercise) spectral powers of heart rate (HR), blood pressure variability and BRS at low (0.04–0.15 Hz) and high (0.15–0.4 Hz) frequencies. Results: Static upper-body exercise performed in a cold environment increased post-exercise high frequency (HF) spectral power of heart rate (HF RR) (p < 0.001) and reduced heart rate (p = 0.001) and low-to-high frequency (LF/HF) ratio (p = 0.006) more than in a neutral environment. In addition, post-exercise mean BRS (p = 0.015) and high frequency BRS (p = 0.041) increased more following static exercise in the cold than in a neutral environment. Dynamic upper-body exercise performed in a cold environment reduced post-exercise HF BRS (p = 0.019) and systolic blood pressure (p = 0.003). Conclusion: Static upper-body exercise in the cold increased post-exercise BRS and overall vagal activity but without reduced systolic blood pressure. Dynamic upper-body exercise in the cold reduced post-exercise vagal BRS but did not affect the other parameters. The influence of cold exposure on post-exercise autonomic and cardiovascular responses following static upper-body exercise require further studies. This information helps understanding why persons with cardiovascular diseases are vulnerable to low environmental temperature. ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT02855905 (04/08/2016).
Various insulin delivery systems for management of diabetes mellitus

Insulin, a crucial polypeptide drug in management of diabetes, is degraded by the gastrointestinal enzymes and in the acidic harsh conditions of the stomach, following oral administration. Subcutaneous injection, although being effective, has several challenges and drawbacks. In the current study, the manuscript started by introduction about diabetes mellitus, its types, the complications of it on different body systems. Also, the manuscript discussed the role of insulin to regulate blood glucose concentration. The types of therapeutic insulin were discussed. Nanoparticle delivery systems used for delivery of insulin were mentioned in details such as liposomes, polymeric micelles, solid lipid nanoparticles and Nano-gels. Finally, the different routes of insulin administration are addressed such as subcutaneous, oral, rectal, pulmonary, buccal and vaginal routes.
Lightweight Blockchain-Enhanced Mutual Authentication Protocol for UAVs

With the rapid increase of data from unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), the security and privacy of data presents a severe challenge for UAV-based applications. Moreover, UAVs with constrained resources cannot be equipped with strong but complicated cryptographic primitives for authentication protocol design. Although some attempts have been made to deal with security and privacy issues for UAVs, most of the existing studies have been found numerous security vulnerabilities or own extreme communication/computation overheads. This article offers a lightweight and practical mutual authentication protocol solely comprised of bitwise XOR operations and one-way hash functions. Moreover, blockchain technology is utilized to alleviate the centralized trusted party (TA) issue. Then, security of our proposed authentication protocol is proved by widely adopted formal security proof—Real-or-Random model and informal security proof. The experimental results prove that the proposed protocol can achieve better security requirements (e.g., decentralized TA, replay attack defense, and session key security) with less communication cost (i.e., reduced by around 58.7% at most) and computation cost (i.e., reduced by around 98.9% at most) than related UAV authentication schemes.