Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
TAOPR1 SALT TOLERANCE GENE EXPRESSION AND PHYSIOLOGICAL TRAITS IN WHEAT

Salinity is an abiotic stress factor and a major challenge that has significant negative effects on wheat production. It is also a source of concern for plant breeders leading them to reach reliable screening criteria for salt tolerance in wheat genotypes. The physiological analysis showed that the three salt-tolerant wheat genotypes viz., Dijla, 2H, and 3H showed the highest rate for the physiological traits i.e., chlorophyll content (38.9, 39.5, and 42.1, respectively), carbohydrates (600.14, 590.6, 560.8: 2H, 3H, and Dijla, respectively), proline acid (24.30, 23.14, and 21.87: Dijla, 3H, and 2H, respectively) under salt stress conditions, except protein percentage (3.8% and 3.3%: Rabia and Ibaa99, respectively) and K+/Na+ ratio (6.3 and 5.9: 2H and Dijla, respectively). The salt-tolerant wheat genotypes 2H, Dijla, and 3H enunciated an increased rate of expression of salt-related genes (TaOPR1 gene and β-actin gene) with values of 6.498, 4.0, and 3.768, respectively compared to two other salinity-sensitive cultivars i.e., Ibaa99 and Rabia under salt stress conditions. The salinity-sensitive cultivars i.e., Ibaa99 and Rabia showed no gene expression and significant difference with the control treatment after being treated with salinity stress conditions.
Comparison results of nonstandard $P_2$ finite element methods for the biharmonic problem

As modern variant of nonconforming schemes, discontinuous Galerkin finite element meth- ods appear to be highly attractive for fourth-order elliptic PDEs. There exist various modifications and the most prominent versions with first-order convergence properties are the symmetric interior penalty DG method and the C 0 interior penalty method which may compete with the classical Morley nonconforming FEM on triangles. Those schemes differ in their various jump and penalisation terms and also in the norms. This paper proves that the best-approximation errors of all the three schemes are equivalent in the sense that their minimal error in the respective norm and the optimal choice of a discrete approximation can be bounded from below and above by each other. The equivalence constants do only depend on the minimal angle of the triangulation and the penalisation parameter of the schemes; they are independent of any regularity requirement and hold for an arbitrarily coarse mesh.
Detection of Violations of the Law of Pendulum Motion: Observers' Sensitivity to the Relation Between Period and Length

Newtonian mechanics show that the period of a freely swinging pendulum is proportional to the square root of its length. Subjects' use of this relationship in perceiving the naturalness of motion was tested by presenting displays with periods physically correct, too short, or too long for the lengths of the pendulums. Sensitivity to violations of the length-period relationship was assessed by col- lecting ratings of the perceived naturalness of the motion. Deviations as small as . I to . 2 sec were detected. The numerical ratings, however, varied widely among subjects and revealed a tendency to perceive physically correct motion as some- what more rapid than natural, The salience of violations of the length-period relationship was tested in a free response task asking subjects to comment on the appearance of the displays. Large deviations drew moderate numbers of observa- tions of the unnaturalness of the motion and a few statements about the percep- tion of forces acting on the pendulum. These comments sho.
The Topology of Chaos

Intro. -01 Intro. -02 Intro. -03 Exp’tal-01 Exp’tal-02 Exp’tal-03 Exp’tal-04 Exp’tal-05 Exp’tal-06 Exp’tal-07 Exp’tal-08 Embed-01 Embed-02 Embed-03 Embed-04a Embed-04b Topology of Orbits-01 Topology of Orbits-02 Topology of Orbits-03a Topology of Orbits-03b Topology of Orbits-04 Topology of Orbits-04a Topology of Orbits-04b Topology of Orbits-05a Topology of Orbits-05b Topology of Orbits-06 Topology of Orbits-07 Topology of Orbits-08 Topology of Orbits-09 Topology of Orbits-10 Topology of Orbits-11 Topology of Orbits-12 Topology of Orbits-13 Topology of Orbits-14 Topology of Orbits-15 Topology of Orbits-16 Topology of Orbits-17 Program-01 Program-02 Program-03 Program-04 Program-05 Program-06 Program-07 Program-08 Program-09a Program-09b Program-10a Program-10b Program-11 Program-12 Reps-01 Reps-02 Reps-03 Reps-04 Reps-05 Reps-06 Reps-07 Reps-08 Reps-09 Class-01 Class-02 Class-03 Class-04 Class-05 Bases-01 Bases-02 Bases-03 Bases-04 Tori-01 Tori-02 Tori-03 Tori-04 Tori-05 Tori-06 Tori-07 Tori-08 Tori-09 Tori-10 Tori-11 Tori-12 Tori-13 Tori-14 Tori-15 Tori-16a Tori-16b Tori-16c Tori-17 Tori-18 Tori-19 Tori-20 Summary-01 Summary-02 Summary-03 Summary-04 Summary-05 Summary-06 Summary-07 Summary-08 Summary-09 Summary-10 The Topology of Chaos
Study of Chaos and Scaling in Classical SU(2) Gauge Theory

Following a recent suggestion by Nielsen, Rugh, and Rugh, we study the energy scaling of the maximal Lyapunov exponent of classical Hamiltonian SU(2) lattice gauge theory. It is shown that the conjectured scaling behavior $\lambda_0\sim E^{1/4}$ at small energies on the lattice is a finite-time artifact. New numerical results for the maximal Lyapunov exponent are presented for lattices up to size $20^3$ and over two orders of magnitude in the energy per plaquette.
Infrastructure and
 Intra‐Regional
 Trade in Africa

This study examines the impact of infrastructural development on bilateral trade flows using a panel of 51 African countries from 2003 to 2015. An infrastructure-augmented gravity model was estimated with different indicators of infrastructural development. Three aggregate indicators were computed namely: (i) a soft infrastructure index, (ii) a hard infrastructure measure, and (iii) an effective infrastructure index combining both soft and hard infrastructure components. The soft and hard infrastructure indices were constructed using the principal component analysis. Disaggregated hard infrastructural development indices for transport, information and communication technologies (ICT), and electricity were also used to assess their differential effects on intra-African trade. By adopting the Pseudo Poisson Maximum Likelihood estimator with High Dimension Fixed Effects, the results confirm that both hard and soft infrastructures matter for trade in Africa. A disaggregation of the hard infrastructure index reveals that the electricity composite index has a greater impact on trade flows relative to transport and ICT infrastructures. Importantly, there is evidence that soft infrastructure matters most and complements hard infrastructure in the region. Targeted policies and resources should be chan-nelled towards improving energy infrastructure and soft infrastructure in terms of streamlining trading rules and procedures to better propel and maximise the benefits of intra-African trade.
Exponential approximation of waiting time and queue size for queues in heavy traffic

An exponential approximation for the stationary waiting time distribution and the stationary queue size distribution for single-server queues in heavy traffic is given for a wide class of queues. This class contains for example not only queues for which the generic sequence, i.e. the sequence of service times and interarrival times, is stationary but also such queues for which the generic sequence is asymptotically stationary in some sense. The conditions ensuring the exponential approximation of the characteristics considered in heavy traffic are expressed in terms of the invariance principle for the stationary representation of the generic sequence and its first two moments.
Enhanced Functional Properties of Bioplastic Films Using Lignin Nanoparticles from Oil Palm-Processing Residue

The development of bioplastic materials that are biobased and/or degradable is commonly presented as an alleviating alternative, offering sustainable and eco-friendly properties over conventional petroleum-derived plastics. However, the hydrophobicity, water barrier, and antimicrobial properties of bioplastics have hindered their utilization in packaging applications. In this study, lignin nanoparticles (LNPs) with a purification process were used in different loadings as enhancements in a Kappaphycus alvarezii matrix to reduce the hydrophilic nature and improve antibacterial properties of the matrix and compared with unpurified LNPs. The influence of the incorporation of LNPs on functional properties of bioplastic films, such as morphology, surface roughness, structure, hydrophobicity, water barrier, antimicrobial, and biodegradability, was studied and found to be remarkably enhanced. Bioplastic film containing 5% purified LNPs showed the optimum enhancement in almost all of the ultimate performances. The enhancement is related to strong interfacial interaction between the LNPs and matrix, resulting in high compatibility of films. Bioplastic films could have additional advantages and provide breakthroughs in packaging materials for a wide range of applications.
Engineering properties of peat soils in peninsular, Malaysia

Aim of this study is to determine physical and mechanical properties of tropical peatland in West Malaysia. To know the proper methods of ground improvement and to know the scale of improvement works, a proper soil investigation requires. A study on peatland in Peninsular, Malaysia was conducted to determine stratigraphy of peat layer, bearing capacity, physical properties, unconfined compressive strength and consolidation properties. Some conventional laboratory and field experiments were done to determine its physical and mechanical properties and to find the soil profile. From experiments it was observed that the depth of the peat was moderate and it had high water, organic and fibre content. The soil was acidic and it had low bearing capacity and had low unconfined compressive strength. Its compressibility was very high and it had high settlement value. These properties should be considered when ground improvement works are undertaken for this type of problematic soil in construction industry.
Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific 93:422-427, August 1981 SPECTRA AND INTERNAL MOTIONS OF SUPERNOVA REMNANTS AND RING NEBULAE IN THE MAGELLANIC CLOUDS

New data are presented and interpreted for supernova remnants (SNR) and for other large ring-nebulae in the Magellanic Clouds. Shock velocities determined for the SNRs by different methods are reasonably consistent; however, densities determined by different methods are slightly discordant, probably because of the effects of preionization, magnetic fields, or some source of excitation. Emission from the large rings, N9 and N70, may be characterized by a single temperature (~ 12,000 K), which is more like the situation expected in an H II region than in a recombination zone behind a shock.
Measuring the Ion Current in Electrical Discharges using Radio-frequency Current and Voltage Measurements

This letter describes a technique for measuring the ion current at a semiconductor wafer that is undergoing plasma processing. The technique relies on external measurements of the radio-frequency (rf) current and voltage at the wafer electrode. The rf signals are generated by the rf bias power which is normally applied to wafers during processing. There is no need for any probe inserted into the plasma or for any additional power supplies which might perturb the plasma. To test the technique, comparisons were made with dc measurements of ion current at a bare aluminum electrode, for argon discharges at 1.33 Pa, ion current densities of 1.3–13 mA/cm2, rf bias frequencies of 0.1–10 MHz, and rf bias voltages from 1 to 200 V. Additional tests showed that ion current measurements could be obtained by the rf technique even when electrically insulating wafers were placed on the electrode and when an insulating layer was deposited on the electrode.
Film Condensation of R-134a on Tube Arrays With Plain and Enhanced Surfaces: Part II—Empirical Prediction of Inundation Effects

New predictive methods for R-134a condensing on vertical arrays of horizontal tubes are proposed based on visual observations revealing that condensate is slung off the array of tubes sideways and significantly affects condensate inundation and thus the heat transfer process. For two types of three-dimensional (3D) enhanced tubes, the Turbo-CSL and the Gewa-C, the local heat flux is correlated as a function of condensation temperature difference, the film Reynolds number, the tube spacing, and liquid slinging effect. The measured heat transfer data of the plain tube were well described by an existing asymptotic model based on heat transfer coefficients for the laminar wavy flow and turbulent flow regimes or, alternatively, by a new model proposed here based on liquid slinging. For the 26 fpi low finned tube, the effect of inundation was found to be negligible and single-tube methods were found to be adequate.
Robust ℒ︁2‐gain feedforward control of uncertain systems using dynamic IQCs

We consider the problem of robust ℒ︁2‐gain disturbance feedforward control for uncertain systems described in the standard LFT form. We use integral quadratic constraints (IQCs) for describing the uncertainty blocks in the system. For technical reasons related to the feedforward problem, throughout the paper, we work with the duals of the constraints involved in robustness analysis using IQCs. We obtain a convex solution to the problem using a state‐space characterization of nominal stability that we have developed recently. Specifically, our solution consists of LMI conditions for the existence of a feedforward controller that guarantees a given ℒ︁2‐gain for the closed‐loop system. We demonstrate the effectiveness of using dynamic IQCs in robust feedforward design through a numerical example. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Vibration Characteristics of Disks-Spindle System in Hard Disk Drives

Abstract The purpose of this paper is to develop both numerical and experimental methods that can be used for easy prediction of vibration characteristics of disk-spindle systems in hard disk drives (HDDs). First, the effective numerical method, i.e., Finite element method (FEM), for the modeling of the whole disks and spindle system under real product constraint conditions has been discussed. So the dynamics properties of the disk-spindle system during the system design can be are analyzed conveniently. Finally, these analytical predictions by FEM are verified through the proposed modal testing setup. The dynamic characteristics of the whole assembly have been measured through externally induced excitations. Results obtained using numerical and experimental methods agree very well. As demonstrated, the numerical methodology, i.e., FEM can provide much detailed information on the design of the disk-spindle system before it is built and tested to confirm the system design.
Do sustainable food system innovations foster inclusiveness and social cohesion? A comparative study

Introduction Existing food systems are not only responsible for severe environmental damage, but also face pressing social challenges, with people having uneven access to safe and healthy food, good working conditions, and political participation. These socio-ethical aspects play a key role in successful food transitions. So far, aspects of social cohesion and inclusiveness within social food innovations have rarely been analyzed in more depth. Many social innovations have emerged over the last few decades, such as land cooperatives, farm leasing models, community-supported agriculture, or citizen shareholder companies. Expectations towards these financing models vary from facilitating more investment in a sustainable and socially responsible agri-food sector and a shift towards more local food to the creation of transparent relationships between food producers and consumers. Objectives It is against this backdrop that this paper compares three different food innovations—citizen shareholder companies, community-supported agriculture, and food co-ops—regarding their inclusiveness, the degree of member involvement, and the quality of experienced connectedness. Methods Empirically, this paper draws on quantitative and qualitative data, including an online survey, two focus group discussions, and a broad literature search. Results Findings reveal that all food innovations show a rather low level of inclusiveness, although efforts are being made to overcome barriers to access. Food innovations generate social cohesion between different actors along the value-added chain, which is constituted differently in a more service-oriented versus a community-oriented model. Discussion Overall, these innovations provide key momentum towards the dominant food regime by rewarding producers for sustainable practices, establishing stronger producer–consumer relationships, and motivating consumers to assume shared responsibility. Based on the different approaches adopted, we consider the food innovations as complementary for food system transitions.
HERBIG-HARO OBJECTS IN THE RECEDING LOBE OF THE L 1551 OUTFLOW

A spectrum has been obtained of two Herbig-Haro objects which are seen against the receding lobe of the bipolar outflow within the dark cloud Lynds 1551. Positive heliocentric velocities up to 90 km s-1 have been measured from the H-alpha line which point to an association of these emission knots with the embedded infrared source L 1551-IRS 5 rather than with other young stellar objects in this part of the sky. There is a velocity range of 50-100 km s-1 within each object. [S II] lambda-6716 is also detected at a strength of about 50% of H-alpha. Along the entire length of the slit there is a broad H-alpha emission with strength about 4 times that normally seen in emission from the night sky. This feature partially resolves into two components, one of which we suggest is from the general Galactic field, and the other from extended bow-shock emission.
Optical Spectra of Orientationally Disordered Crystals. I. Theory for Translational Lattice Vibrations

There is a class of crystals in which the molecules are arranged on or near regular positions in space, but are irregularly oriented. The irregular orientation of the molecules frequently perturbs only slightly the translational lattice vibrations of the crystal, that would be perfectly periodic if the irregular orientation were absent. For a first approximation, then, the crystal can be considered to have mechanically regular vibrations. In particular, any normal vibration can be described in terms of a wave vector k that is the wave vector of the dominant Fourier component of the vibration. The irregular orientation of the molecules will cause the dipole‐moment change due to a displacement of a particular molecule to depend in magnitude and direction upon its own orientation and upon the orientation of its neighbors. The crystal is thus in a sense electrically irregular.The theory of the optical spectra due to the translational lattice vibrations of these mechanically regular, electrically irregular cry.
Transfer-Printed Photonic Crystal Nanobeam Laser With Unidirectional Coupling to SiNx Waveguide

We propose and study the hybrid integration of a 1D photonic crystal (PhC) nanobeam (NB) laser on a SiNx waveguide. With modifications by reduced-PhCs and a tapered beam to the NB laser, this integration can exhibit over 50% directional coupling to the specific waveguide output facet while maintaining a sufficient quality factor for low-threshold lasing. Using the transfer printing technique, we realized the proposed hybrid integration with optimized parameters, which showed significant planar laser emission from the SiNx waveguide facet in experiments while maintaining a low lasing threshold of 180 μW. In addition to verifying the unidirectionality of planar emission by simulation and experimental results, we further confirm its robustness by characterizing many transfer-printed NB lasers on SiNx waveguides under generally occurring displacement and rotational misalignments in the present transfer printing systems. We believe that the hybrid integration with compact size, unidirectional coupling, and low lasing threshold demonstrated herein can provide a helpful reference for designing PhC NB lasers coupled with SiNx waveguides in silicon-based photonic integrated circuits.
A Literature Review of Studies that Have Compared the Use of Face-To-Face and Online Focus Groups

Online communication in our work and private lives has increased significantly since the COVID-19 pandemic. Qualitative research has evolved with this trend with many studies adopting online methods. It is therefore timely to assess the use and utility of online focus groups compared to face-to-face focus groups. Traditional Pearl Growing Methodology was used to identify eligible papers. Data were extracted on data collection methods, recruitment and sampling strategies, analytical approaches to comparing data sets, the depth of data produced, participant interactions and the required resources. A total of 26 papers were included in the review. Along with face-to-face focus groups (n = 26) 16 studies conducted synchronous, eight asynchronous and two both online focus group methods. Most studies (n = 22) used the same recruitment method for both face-to-face and online focus groups. A variety of approaches to compare data sets were used in studies. Of the studies reporting on depth of data (n = 19), nine found that face-to-face groups produced the most in-depth data, four online groups and six equivalent data. Participant interaction was reported to be greater during face-to-face groups in 10 studies; three reported online groups produced greater interaction and six equivalent interaction. Detailed resource use comparisons were not presented in any of the studies. This review demonstrates that to date there is not a clear consensus as to whether face-to-face or online focus groups hold specific advantages in terms of the data produced and the resources required. Given these findings it may be appropriate for researchers to consider using online focus groups where time and resources are constrained, or where these are more practicable.
Type XXII Collagen Complements Fibrillar Collagens in the Serological Assessment of Tumor Fibrosis and the Outcome in Pancreatic Cancer

Circulating fragments of type III collagen, measured by PRO-C3, has shown promising results as a tumor fibrosis biomarker. However, the fibrotic tumor microenvironment consists of many other collagens with diverse functions and unexplored biomarker potential. One example hereof is type XXII collagen (COL22). In this study, we investigated the biomarker potential of COL22 by measuring this in serum. An ELISA, named PRO-C22, was developed and measured in two serum cohorts consisting of patients with various solid tumors (n = 220) and healthy subjects (n = 33) (Cohort 1), and patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) (n = 34), and healthy subjects (n = 20) (Cohort 2). In Cohort 1, PRO-C22 was elevated in the serum from patients with solid tumors, compared to healthy subjects (p < 0.01 to p < 0.0001), and the diagnostic accuracy (AUROC) ranged from 0.87 to 0.98, p < 0.0001. In Cohort 2, the high levels of PRO-C22, in patients with PDAC, were predictive of a worse overall survival (HR = 4.52, 95% CI 1.90–10.7, p = 0.0006) and this remained significant after adjusting for PRO-C3 (HR = 4.27, 95% CI 1.24–10.4, p = 0.0013). In conclusion, PRO-C22 has diagnostic biomarker potential in various solid tumor types and prognostic biomarker potential in PDAC. Furthermore, PRO-C22 complemented PRO-C3 in predicting mortality, suggesting an additive prognostic value when quantifying different collagens.