Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Modeling atmospheric longwave radiation at the surface during overcast skies: The role of cloud base height

The behavior of the atmospheric downward longwave radiation at the surface under overcast conditions is studied. For optically thick clouds, longwave radiation depends greatly on the cloud base height (CBH), besides temperature and water vapor profiles. The CBH determines the cloud emission temperature and the air layers contributing to the longwave radiation that reaches the surface. Overcast situations observed at Girona (NE Iberian Peninsula) were studied by using a radiative transfer model. The data set includes different seasons, and a large range of CBH (0–5000 m). The atmosphere profiles were taken from the European Center for Medium‐Range Weather Forecast analysis. The CBH was determined from ceilometer measurements and also estimated by using a suitable method applied to the vertical profile of relative humidity. The agreement between calculations and pyrgeometer measurements is remarkably good (1.6 ± 6.2 W m−2) if the observed CBH is used; poorer results are obtained with the estimated CBH (4.3 ± 7.0 W m−2). These results are better than those obtained from a simple parameterization based upon ground‐level data (1.1 ± 11.6 W m−2), which can be corrected by adding a term that takes into account the CBH (−0.1 ± 7.3 W m−2). At this site, the cloud radiative effect (CRE) at the surface lies in the range 50–80 W m−2, has a clear seasonal behavior (higher CRE in winter), and depends upon the CBH. For the cold and the warm seasons, CRE decreases with CBH at a rate of −5 and −4 W m−2/km, respectively. Results obtained for other climates (subarctic and tropical) are also presented.
Application of Postharvest Treatments to Alleviates Chilling Injury and Maintains Quality of Cherry Tomatoesduring Cold Storage

This study was carried out during 2022 and 2023 seasons on cherry tomatoes cv. Katalina-522 to study the effect of dipping fruits in a solution of arginine (AG) at 0.5 mM for 10 min, glycine betaine (GB) at 30 mM for 10 min, salicylic acid (SA) at 2 mM for 5 min, and sodium nitroprusside (SNP – a nitric oxide (NO) donor) at 2 mM for 30 min and then sealed in polypropylene film,active modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) at 5% O 2 + 5% CO 2 or 5% O 2 + 8% CO 2 and passive MAP in addition to untreated fruits (control) during storage at 5°C for 20 days plus 2 days at 20°C (shelf life) on alleviatingchilling injury and maintaining fruit quality attributes. Results indicated that cherry tomato fruits treated with all postharvest treatments were effective in reducing weight loss, loss of firmness, chilling injury, color change and modifying the atmosphere inside the package, as well as maintaining ascorbic acid, total phenolic content, antioxidant activity and the overall appearance of fruits during all storage periods plus shelf life as compared with untreated control. Samples treated with SA, SNP and GB appeared without any symptoms of chilling injury till the end of storage, while active MAP at 5% O 2 + 5% CO 2 and arginine treatments delayed the beginning of chilling injury and recorded a slight score at the end of storage. Furthermore, SA was the most effective treatment in preserving all the qualityattributes of fruits and gave an excellent appearance of fruits for 20 days at 5°C plus 2 days at 20°C, while SNP and GB treatments gave a good appearance at the same period.
Effect of Educational Program Regarding Greenhouse and Global Warming Consequences on Knowledge and Daily Life Practices among University Nursing Students

Abstract Background: Globally, an average temperature of the surface of the planet has increased. The main source of this problem was the rise in greenhouse gas concentrations brought by human activity. As a result, education of global warming becomes a key topic for students. Aim of the study: to evaluate the effect of educational program about greenhouse and global warming consequences on knowledge and daily life practices among university nursing students. Design: A quasi-experimental design was used. Setting: Faculty of Nursing, Tanta University. Subjects : A simple randomized sample of 200 nursing students from the first level of the faculty was chosen to make up the sample size. Tools: In order to gather the required data, the researcher used two tools, which were as follows: Tool I: Self-administered questionnaire which composed of two parts, part I: Socio-demographic characteristics, Part ІІ: Students’ knowledge regarding greenhouse effect and global warming. Tool II: Daily living practices questionnaire. Results : There was significant improvement in the total mean knowledge and daily living practices immediately post and one month after intervention. There was a statistically significant positive correlation between total knowledge mean and total daily living practices mean regarding global warming. Conclusion: The majority of studied university students had better overall understanding and practices, which is evidence of successful and beneficial of educational program. Recommendations: To raise the level of environmental awareness among all university students, it can be advised to incorporate climate change topics into the nursing student's curricula.
Complex karyotype in chronic lymphocytic leukemia

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is a genetically heterogeneous disease with chromosomal and genomic aberrations found in more than 80% of patients, either by conventional or by molecular cytogenetics. Complex karyotype (CK) is defined as the presence of ≥ 3 structural or numerical aberrations in the same clone of CLL malignant cell and is considered a potential prognostic parameter in CLL. The detection of CK in CLL patients can potentially affect prognosis and treatment, considering that CK is associated with the progression of HLL and a worse prognosis, as well as with a higher risk of developing Richter transformation. This review will assess the complexity of karyotype analysis in CLL and its prognostic importance and implications.
A new broadband cross-dipole CP antenna with modified square-cavity reflector

ABSTRACT A new broadband cross-dipole CP antenna with modified square-cavity reflector is proposed in this work. The cross-dipole CP antenna is composed of four rotated L-shaped patches, a pair of vacant-quarter feeding loops as sequential-phase feeding network, two modified trapezoid-microstrip lines as impedance tuner, and a square-cavity reflector with four parasitic strips. Different from the traditional vacant-quarter rings, the modified vacant-quarter loops with trapezoid-microstrip lines are utilized to increase the impedance bandwidth (IBW) and provide 90° phase difference. First, the rotated L-shaped patches are used to obtain wide CP operation. Second, a square-cavity reflector is utilized for enhancing the radiation gains. Moreover, four parasitic strips are inserted into the reflector to increase the CP bandwidth. Therefore, multiple CP resonant points could be stimulated simultaneously by fully utilizing these elements, resulting in a wide CP performance. Finally, the proposed cross-dipole CP antenna has a wider −10 dB IBW of 100% (1.0–3.0, 2.0 GHz), broader 3-dB ARBW of 71.2% (1.25–2.65, 1.95 GHz), and a higher radiation gain, which can cover the WiBro (2.3–2.39 GHz) and GPS (L1 1.575 GHz) bands.
Nocebo effects in visceral pain: concept and design of the experimental randomized-controlled pain study ‘NoVis’

The role of psychological factors in the pathophysiology and treatment of chronic visceral pain in disorders of gut-brain interactions (DGBI) is increasingly appreciated. Placebo research has underscored that expectations arising from the psychosocial treatment context and from prior experiences shape treatment responses. However, effects of negative expectations, i.e., nocebo effects, as they are likely crucial elements of DGBI patients’ clinical reality, have thus far only rarely been investigated in the context of visceral pain, with untapped potential for improved prevention and treatment. The experimental randomized-controlled pain study “NoVis,” carried out within the Collaborative Research Center (CRC) 289 (“Treatment Expectation”), aims to close gaps regarding the generation and persistence of nocebo effects in healthy volunteers. It is designed to elucidate effects of negative expectations in a multiple-threat paradigm with intensity-matched rectal distensions and cutaneous thermal stimuli, allowing to test nocebo effects in the visceral and somatic pain modalities. Negative expectations are experimentally induced by elements of doctor-patient communication (i.e., instruction) and/or by surreptitious amplification of symptom intensity (i.e., experience/learning) within a treatment context. Accordingly, the repeated measures between-subject design contains the between-group factors “treatment instruction” (negative vs. control) and “treatment experience” (negative vs. control), with volunteers randomized into four experimental groups undergoing several pain stimulation phases (repeated factor). This allows to compare the efficacy of instruction vs. experience, and more importantly, their combined effects on the magnitude of negative expectations and their impact on pain responses, which we expect will be greatest for the visceral modality. After a Baseline, short-term effects are assessed during a test phase accomplished on study day 1 (Test-1 Phase). To explore the persistence of effects, a second test phase is accomplished 1 week later (Test-2 Phase). Effects of negative expectations within and across pain modalities are assessed at the subjective and objective levels, with a focus on psychophysiological and neuroendocrine measures related to stress, fear, and anxiety. Since nocebo effects can play a considerable role in the generation, maintenance, or worsening of chronic visceral pain, and may even constitute risk factors for treatment failure, knowledge from experimental nocebo research has potential to improve treatment outcomes in DGBI and other clinical conditions associated with chronic visceral pain.
Lowstand alluvial bypass systems: Incised vs. unincised

Alluvial systems ranging in age from Miocene to late Pleistocene are observed beneath the southern Java Sea Shelf, offshore northwest Java. A combination of seismic reflection attributes, time slices, and horizon slices extracted from three-dimensional seismic volumes have enabled identification of these alluvial systems. The plan-view expression of these systems ranges from low sinuosity to high sinuosity, and incised to unincised. Widths of individual channels range from 100 to 250 m. Meander belt widths range from 2 to 6 km. In some instances, well-developed minor tributary feeder systems can be observed to be associated with major trunk valleys. Late Pleistocene alluvial systems imaged on the shelf were active during periods of lowered sea level when vast shelf areas were emergent. Of these systems only a select few are characterized by incision. Incision is inferred where trunk channels of fluvial systems are associated with minor, orthogonal, deeply etched tributary channels/valleys. The incised trunk valleys range from 0.5 to 5 km wide and contain channels within them; the incised tributary valleys are an order of magnitude narrower and are characterized by well-developed dendritic drainage patterns. Valley incision, which likely formed within a period of 3-5 k.y. , can be traced more than 200 km inboard of the shelf edge. The presence of numerous unincised alluvial systems on marine shelves of the southern Java Sea suggests that valley incision likely characterizes only the lowest of lowstands. To the extent that the Pleistocene can be used as an analog to older sections, we conclude that unincised lowstand alluvial bypass systems can constitute a more common response to sea level lowering than do incised systems.
Historical variations in the density and distribution of impacting debris in the inner solar system - Evidence from planetary imaging

The global cratering records are examined on the basis of planetary images to establish for each planet the global succession of stratigraphic units and the variations in crater densities among these global provinces. Crater density on a global scale on each of the planets is mapped to establish the range of variation of crater density of post-highland plains for Mercury, moon, and Mars. A narrow diameter-range (5-10 km) was chosen for this purpose. Crater abundance in this size range has been continuously mapped for available coverage for each of the three planets. Craters in this size range superposed on the plains usually display pristine morphology suggesting that most were formed after the plains. Evidently, most preexisting craters in this size range were erased by the plains-forming processes.
Pampean deformation in the Sierra Norte de Córdoba, Argentina: Implications for the collisional history at the western pre‐Andean Gondwana margin

In the Sierra Norte de Córdoba, Argentina, at the inferred western pre‐Andean Gondwana margin, structural analyses show that Upper Proterozoic–Lower Cambrian strips of metamorphic clastic rocks underwent two stages of a compressive deformational history. The D1 deformation led to the formation of an S1 cleavage/foliation and affected an older granite. It is related to F1 folding around ∼N‐S to NE‐SW trending axes that partly record a steep plunge. Reconstructed fold structures display maximum wavelengths and amplitudes on a scale of hundreds of meters to kilometers. A steep to overturned dip of thick packages of metaconglomerates and metasandstones is related to this folding event. Also, because of variably oriented L1 lineations and dextral shearing, structures of the D1 deformation are assigned to different structural domains interpreted as the result of strain partitioning during dextral transpression. Strips of post‐D1 granite and clastic mylonites with a dextral sense of shear are attributed to the second‐stage deformational event. The late stage dextral shearing and mylonitization locally affected intrusions of granites and dacitic porphyries. In the country rocks it took place along preexisting S1 planes or locally developed S2/C2 planes related to F2 fold structures with steeply plunging axes. The regional metamorphism accompanying the deformation was in the range of the subgreenschist facies–greenschist facies transition and greenschist facies. The emplacement of synkinematic intrusions presumably followed active dextral shear zones. It cannot be excluded that during compressive deformation, older (normal) fault lines were reactivated and caused strain partitioning and later dextral shearing. After cessation of compressive deformation, granites and granodiorites intruded the deformed clastic succession and led to contact metamorphism of variable extent. Younger high‐level intrusions record chilled margins also at angular xenoliths. Isotopic dates from granitoids, dacites, and metaclastic rocks in the Sierra Norte area and surroundings suggest that compressive deformations and metamorphism took place during the Early Cambrian Pampean orogeny. The deformational and metamorphic history can be attributed to either ridge subduction/collision or collision of the Pampean terrane with the western pre‐Andean Gondwana margin. The two‐stage kinematics suggests that (oblique? ) collision was followed by a change to dextral displacements in the upper plate during the final state of and after collisional tectonics. The Sierra Norte area represented the upper (eastern) plate as supposed part of the Río de la Plata craton and its cover, overriding the lower plate that consisted of an accretionary complex in the west.
Mode I Microscopic Cracking Process of Granite Considering the Criticality of Failure

Rock failure under tensile loading conditions is significant for rock engineering stability and underground energy development. However, a comprehensive understanding of the rock cracking process and the corresponding failure pattern at microscale remains unclear. Therefore, the cracking process and the damage evolution of rock and their underlying mechanisms were systematically investigated. In this study, the fracture behavior of granite was examined by performing mode I fracture tests. For extensive analysis of the cracking process, the cracks were captured in real‐time by scanning electron microscope, and the two fracture toughnesses of the double‐K model were evaluated. Subsequently, fracture morphologies of the post‐failure specimens were analyzed to further investigate the cracking mechanisms. The experimental results indicated the following: (a) the propagated direction of cracks was controlled by the fracture toughness of mineral grains and grain boundaries; and (b) the ratio of the two fracture toughnesses was correlated with fracture tortuosity. Furthermore, two damage modes of granite were found: catastrophic failure and non‐catastrophic failure modes. The former showed precursory behavior prior to catastrophic failure, while the latter did not. The underlying mechanisms of damage modes were revealed as follows: (a) the increased degree of heterogeneity caused by mineral composition complexity led to the early arrival of precursors; and (b) the occurrence of catastrophic or non‐catastrophic failure mode was determined by the difference in grain‐scale heterogeneity. Our results found at microscale also have implications for understanding the macroscopic failure process of rocks.
The Effect of School Sand Play Group Counseling on Self-Concept,
 Self-Injury Function, and Suicide Ideation in Elementary School Students
 with Experience of Self-Injury: A Preliminary Study

This study attempted to investigate the effect of group counseling for school sand play in terms of self-concept, self-injury function, and suicide ideation for elementary school students with self-injury experience. Among the students of A Elementary School in Asan-si, six students who reported their self-injury experiences in Wee-class counseling were selected as subjects of the study, and a total of 10 group counseling sessions were conducted from September to November 2021. To verify the effectiveness of group counseling, Piers-Harris Children s Self-Concept Scale-Korean Version (PHCSS), The ′ Functional Assessment of Self-Mutilation-Korean Version (FASM), and Suicidal Ideation Questionnaire-JR-Korean Version (SIQ-JR) were used as measurement tools, and Wilcoxon signed-ranks test was performed using the SPSS 21.0 program and the effect size was calculated. As a result of the analysis, the scale of self-injury frequency(z=-2.207, p=.027, Cohen's d=0.14) and internal motivation(z=-2.032, p=.042, Cohen's d=1.15) of the self-Mutilation function was significantly reduced. These results suggest that school sand play group counseling can be an effective way to reduce self-injury frequency.
Piezocapacitance spectroscopy of a radiation defect in silicon

In this article, using non-stationary capacitive deep-level spectroscopy (DLTS), the dependence of the parameters of the radiation defect with the ionization energy Ei = Ec − (0.33±0.02) eB arising after irradiation with n − Si · λ - quanta of the 60Co isotope and annealing the samples at 250°C on uniaxial compression was studied. It is shown that, under the action of pressure, Ei ΔEi changes depending on the crystallographic direction and reaches values of 0.06−0.12eB. A comparison is made with a similar effect for the level of the A-centre Ec − 0,17 eB.
Investigation of the SERS application of gold films deposited on uncured polydimethylsiloxane with tunable LSPR

We present an approach to investigate the localized surface plasmon resonance and surface-enhanced Raman scattering of gold films deposited on uncured polydimethylsiloxane via thermal evaporation. Differing from solid substrates, the liquid surface of uncured polydimethylsiloxane can serve as an isotropic substrate on which gold atoms nucleate and disperse to form characteristic microstructures in a controlled manner. By adjusting experimental parameters during film deposition, the absorption of resonant plasmon modes can be tuned in the visible spectral range due to the control of particle size and distribution in Au films. Furthermore, Raman measurements are conducted to investigate the enhancement of Raman signals in these films, and the experimental results are verified by simulation analysis. This work exhibits tunability of surface plasmon resonance frequency and enhanced Raman detection capability by depositing metal films on liquid surfaces, thus providing potential applications of these films in flexible biosensors and chemical detection.
Bed Topography and Mass-Balance Distribution of Columbia Glacier, Alaska, U.S.A., Determined from Sequential Aerial Photography

Abstract An internally consistent data set of geometry and flow variables for the lower part of Columbia Glacier, south-central Alaska, is derived entirely from vertical aerial photography. The principle of mass conservation is imposed on the data in the form of a centered finite-difference approximation of the continuity equation. It is applied on a 120-node section of a square grid covering the 15 km long, high-velocity stretch ending at the grounded, heavily calving terminus of this large glacier. Photography was obtained 22 times between June 1977 and September 1981. Surface altitudes on the dates of the flights and the displacement vectors between pairs of flights were determined photogrammetrically. Natural features on the glacier surface were sufficiently prominent and enduring to be followed from the date of one flight to the next. Because both the altitude points and displacement vectors were irregularly positioned spatially, interpolation was necessary to get values on the grid nodes. The points had already been subjected to the method of optimum interpolation to get surface altitudes on the grid nodes. The displacement vectors are subjected here to a constrained–interpolation method to get velocity vectors at the grid nodes that are consistent, through the continuity equation, with the other variables. The other variables needed to achieve closure of the variable set are bed topography and mass-balance distribution. The latter was taken to be a separate linear function of altitude for each time interval. Values for bed altitudes at 120 nodes and two coefficients of each 21 balance functions were inferred as the 162 model parameters in a non-linear minimization problem having 4305 observed velocity components as its data.