Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Comparison of flow behavior and physicochemical characteristics of low-cholesterol mayonnaises produced with cholesterol-reduced egg yolk

Abstract Egg yolk is common functional ingredient in food production, mainly in mayonnaise as an emulsifier. Egg yolk cholesterol was removed using β-cyclodextrine, treated with α-amylase, and low-cholesterol mayonnaise produced. The flow behavior of cholesterol-reduced mayonnaise was investigated at different cholesterol-reduced egg yolk and xanthan gum content. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of different formulations at various percentages of egg yolk (EY; 4 and 6 percent by weight) and xanthan gum (XG; 0.5 and 0.7 percent by weight) on flow behavior and physicochemical properties of reduced-fat and low-cholesterol mayonnaise prepared with cholesterol-reduced liquid egg yolk and to obtain suitable model for mayonnaise formulations. The aim of the study was to develop a reduced-fat and low-cholesterol mayonnaise with properties similar to those of typical mayonnaise in the market. For this purpose, four reduced-fat and low-cholesterol mayonnaise formulations were prepared in the laboratory using cholesterol-reduced EY. They were compared with a commercial mayonnaise from a local market as a control sample. According to results, color parameters and flow behaviors of the samples compared with the control sample indicated that the samples had higher values of lightness and yellowness, and presented lower values of yield stress and flow behavior index and higher values of consistency coefficient with respect to the commercial product, except recipe that included 6% of EY and 0.7% of XG, which exhibited similar values to the typical commercial one in the market. The Herschel Bulkley model was employed in order to evaluate the effect of EY and XG ratios on mayonnaise rheological behavior. In general, the results obtained suggest that the recipe with EY (6 wt%) and XG (0.7 wt%) had better rheological characteristics and physicochemical properties those prepared with various formulations, maintaining the reduced-fat and low-cholesterol mayonnaise prepared with β-cyclodextrine-treated cholesterol-reduced EY. It can be interpreted that the developed product may have potential use in industrial application.
Balancing Ecosystem and Threatened Species Representation in Protected Areas and Implications for Nations Achieving Global Conservation Goals

Balancing the representation of ecosystems and threatened species habitats is critical for optimizing protected area (PA) networks and achieving the Convention on Biological Diversity strategic goals. Here we provide a systematic approach for maximizing representativeness of ecosystems and threatened species within a constrained total PA network size, using Australia as a case study. We show that protection of 24.4% of Australia is needed to achieve 17% representation for each ecosystem and all threatened species habitat targets. When the size of the PA estate is constrained, trade‐off curves between ecosystem and species targets are J‐shaped, indicating potential “win‐win” configurations. For example, optimally increasing the current PA network to 17% could protect 9% of each ecosystem and ensure that all threatened species achieve at least 78% of their targets. This method of integrating species and ecosystem targets in PA planning allows nations to maximize different PA goals under financial and geographical constraints.
Habitat Characteristics That Influence the Occurrence of Wood Turtles at the Southern Limits of Their Range in the Central Appalachians

Abstract Topographical features and environmental variables form geographic range boundaries and limit species' distributions. Studies of Wood Turtle (Glyptemys insculpta) limitations in the northern reaches of their geographic range are fairly well documented; however, few studies exist that investigate ecological factors that affect distribution at the southern extent of their range. Our objectives were to 1) determine aquatic and terrestrial habitat characteristics relevant to Wood Turtle presence or absence and 2) determine the approximate southern geographic boundary of Wood Turtles in the Cacapon River Watershed, West Virginia, USA. We conducted random surveys of 100 sites along the Lost and North rivers during summer 2010, and 64% contained Wood Turtles. Proximity to the Cacapon River, elevation, soil pH, canopy cover, and slope influenced the presence of Wood Turtles. In addition, Wood Turtles occurred at sites with higher herbaceous species richness and diversity, especially in locations along the North River. Vegetative community composition differed between terrestrial sites associated with these two rivers in the field and shrub layers (regardless of turtle presence), and differed in the site × river interaction in the tree layer. Wood Turtles on the Lost and North rivers, at their southern range limits in West Virginia, are associated with lower elevation, gentler slopes, higher soil pH, and higher tree canopy cover, and also are located closer to the confluence of the Cacapon River. We recommend creating and managing riparian buffers along waterways where Wood Turtles occur to provide essential terrestrial habitat and to promote adult survivorship and population stability.
What if an English philologist becomes a teacher? A case study on foreign language teaching anxiety (FLTA)

Bu calisma, Turkiye'deki bir devlet universitesinde pedagojik formasyon sertifika programina kayitli olan Ingiliz Dili ve Edebiyati (ELL) son sinif ogrencilerinin ogretim kaygisini etkileyen faktorleri ve kaygiyi azaltma stratejilerini arastirmayi amaclamaktadir. Ayrica, pedagojik formasyon programindan sorumlu olan 9 uygulama ogretmeni calismaya katkida bulunmustur. Calisma grubunun ogretim deneyimi 10 hafta surmustur ve uygulama ogretmenlerinin goruslerine gore adaylar, bir cok ogretim becerisini kazanmistir. Diger taraftan, kaygi, ogretim surecini olumsuz etkileyen bir durum olarak tanimlanmistir. Bu calismada, arastirmaci Ingiliz dili ve edebiyati son sinif ogrencilerini aday ogretmenler olarak adlandirmistir. Arastirmada kullanilan araclar; ogretmen adaylarinin gunlukleri, mikro ogretim videolari ve acik uclu mulakat sorularidir. Veri toplama surecinde, arastirmaci kategorileri belirlemek ve belirleyici kategorilere ornek sayisini hesaplamak icin 'icerik analizi' uygulamistir (Silverman, 2000). Daha sonra, her kategori tekrarlanan konusma birimlerine gore adlandirilmistir. Hem aday ogretmenlerden hem de uygulama ogretmenlerinden kaygi uyandiran faktorleri ve basa cikma stratejilerini tanimlamalari istenmistir. Arastirma sonuclari, hem aday ogretmenlerin hem de uygulama ogretmenlerinin yabanci dil ogretimi kaygisina iliskin ortak inanislara sahip oldugunu ortaya koymustur. Buna gore, her iki grup da deneyim eksikliginin kaygiya neden olan bir faktor oldugunu ileri surmustur. Bunun disinda, uygulama ogretmenleri yabanci dil ogretimi kaygisini, kisilik ozellikleri ve yetersiz akademik basari ile iliskilendirmistir. Arastirmanin bulgularina gore, ogretmen adaylarinin yabanci dil ogretimi kaygisi; sinif yonetimi, toplum icinde konusma kaygisi, olumsuz degerlendirilme korkusu, ogrenciler tarafindan gozlemlenme ve deneyim eksikligi olmak uzere 5 baslik altinda sunulmustur.
Four Hypotheses to Explain Axillary Budbreak after Removal of Flower Shoots in a Cut-rose Crop

When flower-bearing shoots in cut-rose (Rosa ×hybrida) are harvested (removed), a varying number of repressed axillary buds on the shoot remainder start to grow into new shoots (budbreak). Besides removing within-shoot correlative inhibition, it is hypothesized that shoot removal leads to 1) increased light intensity lower in the crop canopy; 2) changes in the light spectrum (particularly red:far-red ratio); and 3) changed source:sink ratio (i.e., the ratio between supply and demand of assimilates). As a fourth hypothesis it is proposed that the degree of budbreak on a shoot remainder is also influenced by the correlative inhibition exerted by other shoots on the plant. It is the goal of this work to determine which of these four hypotheses is most important for budbreak in a cut-rose crop. Four experiments were conducted, in which these factors were varied by leaf removal, removal of mature shoots, varying the number of young shoots, shading of the crop, and application of direct light on the buds. Increase in source:sink ratio was not consistently associated with higher budbreak. If source:sink ratio was decreased by removal of leaves or a mature shoot, budbreak showed even a tendency to increase. Budbreak was subject to correlative inhibition exerted by other shoots on the plant. Treatments where more light reached the bud (as a result of less shoots, no shading of the crop, application of local light) increased budbreak. Increased red:far-red ratio had the same result as more light reaching the bud but was often interrelated with light intensity. It was concluded that after removal of the flower-bearing shoot, among the factors tested, light intensity on the buds was an important and consistent factor explaining budbreak on the shoot remainder, whereas the effect of light spectrum should be further investigated
Entérite nécrotique chez le pollet de gril III. Etude des facteurs favorisant la multiplication de Clostridium perfringens et la transmission expérimentale de la maladie

Necrotic enteritis was reproduced experimentally in two week old broiler chickens by intravenous injection and also by oral administration of a pure culture of Clostridium perfringens. In the first experiment, gross and microscopic intestinal lesions, typical of necrotic enteritis, were observed in all diseased birds and mortality was obtained only in the group of birds that were injected with 0.4 ml or more of the pure culture of the microorganism. In the second experiment, the highest mortality was noted in the group of birds that received orally, in addition to the Clostridium culture, a solution of sodium bicarbonate, to obtain an alkaline intestinal content and opium to decrease the intestinal peristaltism. The gross and microscopie intestinal lesions of the diseased and killed birds were more severe than those observed in the other groups and were similar to those encountered in field outbreaks of necrotic enteritis.
Cationically Modified Nanocrystalline Cellulose/Carboxyl-Functionalized Graphene Quantum Dots Nanocomposite Thin Film: Characterization and Potential Sensing Application

In this study, highly functional cationically modified nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC)/carboxyl-functionalized graphene quantum dots (CGQD) has been described. The surface of NCC was first modified with hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTA) before combining with CGQD. The CGQD, CTA-NCC and CTA-NCC/CGQD nanocomposites thin films were prepared using spin coating technique. The obtained nanocomposite thin films were then characterized by using the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) which confirmed the existence of hydroxyl groups, carboxyl groups and alkyl groups in CTA-NCC/CGQD. The optical properties of the thin films were characterized using UV–Vis spectroscopy. The absorption of CTA-NCC/CGQD was high with an optical band gap of 4.127 eV. On the other hand, the CTA-NCC/CGQD nanocomposite thin film showed positive responses towards glucose solution of different concentration using an optical method based on surface plasmon resonance phenomenon. This work suggests that the novel nanocomposite thin film has potential for a sensing application in glucose detection.
SENTIMENT ANALYSIS IN ANNUAL REPORTS FROM BRAZILIAN COMPANIES LISTED AT THE BM&FBOVESPA

We investigated the association between the tone of annual reports issued by a sample of listed Brazilian firms and market variables (abnormal returns, trading volume and price volatility). The tone was measured using sentiment analysis techniques (Liu et al., 2005; Liu, 2010). As in Loughran and McDonald (2011), we developed and used lists of positive, negative, litigious, uncertainty-related and modal words in Portuguese to assess the tone of annual reports. Using a sample of 829 annual reports from 1997 to 2009, we observed a weak association between the tone of annual reports and stock market variables in Brazil. Additionally, we considered a sub-sample prior to GAAP changes in Brazil (1997-2007) and our results are maintained. Contrary to other studies using data from the United States, we found that the tone of annual reports released by Brazilian firms is not conducive to estimating returns. Keywords : sentiment analysis, textual sentiment, positive words, negative words, annual reports.
University of Southern Denmark The Danish Noun Plural Landscape Basbøll, Hans; Kjærbæk, Laila; Lambertsen, Claus

This article examines the Danish noun plural system in spoken language, i.e. we depart from a – radically new – sound perspective. We consider suffixes where the categorisation is not isomorphic with the orthographically determined categories. We give an overview of phonological stem changes, and we find interesting patterns of stød change in monosyllables. We identify 25 different combinations of suffixation and stem change and give lexical frequencies for them. We consider two aspects of plural formation that are relevant for the investigation of first language acquisition, viz. the gradation of stem change and the predictability of plural suffixes from gender and from stem-final phonology; we detect four classes of stem-final phonemes, i.e. segment types, which have different patterns of plural suffixation, and we point to some reasons why just these distinctions – mainly in sonority – can be relevant.
Seed-propagated Muscari comosum (L.) Mill.: Effects of sowing date and growing conditions

Abstract Muscari comosum is a widespread Mediterranean species with a long use as food. The edible part is the bitter bulb that has to be cooked. The increasing value of bulbs, also due to a renewed cultural interest toward traditional foods and their benefits for health, claims to enhance the agricultural production. Surprisingly, no agronomic studies about the best practice of propagation exist. We tested whether and how germination rate and weight and size of bulbs, after one growing season, were affected by sowing date (autumn–spring), growing condition (greenhouse, shaded greenhouse and open field), and container’s volume. Results showed that the best-sowing period ranges between September and January; following this period there is a huge decrease in germination rate. The time of seedling emergence was higher in open field than in protected environment. The longer interval of growing was observed with the sowing of October that produced heavier and larger bulbs. The best combination to obtain larger bulbs is sowing in October under greenhouse. However, under shaded conditions it was possible to obtain satisfactory results even with medium-late sowing (December and January). Containers with higher volume generally performed better. We conclude that mass propagation of M. comosum could be efficiently performed for agronomic purposes using nurseries. In fact, due to the high rate of germination and to the ease of obtaining the seeds from wild populations or from cultivations, there is the possibility to produce large quantities of bulbs to develop new crops of this traditional food.
Identification of Polymorphic Microsatellite Markers Linked to Cowpea Resistance to Cowpea Aphid Borne Mosaic Virus (CABMV) in Burkina Faso

Cowpea is rich in proteins and contains essential amino acids. It is used for nutrition. For the producers, it is an important source of incomes. Cowpea is mainly grown for its grains, its leaves, its young pods. However several viral diseases attack cowpea. The most dangerous one is yellow mosaic transmitted by aphids or Cowpea Aphid Borne Mosaic Virus (CABMV). This disease causes the decrease of crop at a rate of 60 to 90% and provokes dwarfism, chlorosis of nervures. The identification of polymorphic microsatellite markers linked to cowpea resistance to Cowpea Aphid Borne Mosaic Virus (CABMV) in Burkina Faso will allow to get resistant varieties to this disease. Extracting the genomic DNA of cowpea plants, their PCR amplification and the identification of polymorphic markers through the revelation of the PCR products have been carried out. Wenty seven (27) primers pairs having SSRs polymorphism test have allowed PCR amplification of the target DNA samples. The sizes of the different fragments ranged between 900 and 50 bases pairs (bp). The microsatellite polymorphism test was done with DNA extracted from six lines of cowpea KVx771-10 x IT93K693-2, ITN87-71-21 pl. 12, resistant to CABMV, Diébougou Local, KVx396-4-5-2D, moderately resistant to CABMV, KVx 61-1 and Gorom Local, very sensitive to CABMV. On a total of 27 markers, seventeen (17) markers revealed polymorphisms microsatellite loci between the six lines of cowpea, a polymorphism rate of 62.96 % obtained for these markers. The bands of the same size present in resistant and susceptible varieties could correspond to alleles of the gene conferring susceptibility to CABMV and those of same size present only in resistant varieties would be alleles of the gene conferring resistance to CABMV. The identified polymorphic markers will be used for validation. K ey wo rd s
Distribution of Blood Groups in Patients with Angiographically Defined Coronary Artery Disease in Iranian Community

In the past, the relationship between coronary artery disease (CAD) and been studied extensively. The ABO blood group has a significant effect on homeostasis and is therefore associated with adverse cardiovascular events. This study aimed to determine the distribution of ABO blood group and rhesus (Rh) status (ABO/Rh) in patients with different severity of CAD in Iranian community. A total of 1,236 CAD patients undergoing angiography were evaluated and their ABO/Rh blood type was determined in a study center between February 2005 and December 2010. Of the 1,236 records, only 1,046 medical documents recorded the number of involved vessels. The patients were classified according to the number of significantly affected stenotic vessels into single vessel (1VD), two vessels (2VD), and three vessels (3VD) disease subgroups. A substantially different ABO/Rh blood groups distribution was seen in the examined samples (O: 29.7%, A: 39.7%, B: 22.2%, AB: 8.3%, Rh positivity: 89.2%). The ABO/Rh blood group phenotype distribution in CAD patients with 1VD, 2VD, and 3VD was as follows: 37.5%, 41.3%, and 41.5%, respectively, for group A; 24.1%, 20.5%, and 20.6%, respectively, for group B; 31.2%, 26.8%, and 30.2%, respectively, for group O; 7.1%, 11.4% and 7.7%, respectively, for group AB (p = 0.26), and 88.7%, 90.5%, and 87.6%, respectively, for Rh positivity, (p = 0.47). In addition, no significant correlation was not found among the ABO/Rh blood group distribution and the number of vessels involved, however, according to the different distribution of ABO/Rh blood group in CAD patients and healthy population, ABO/Rh might have an unknown role in CAD patients. Keywords: Coronary artery disease, Blood group, Stenosis, Vessel, Rhesus.
Characterization of gp120 Binding to the CD4 Antigen and Detection of Specific Inhibitors

The first step in the attack of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) on human T lymphocytes is binding of the viral coat protein, gp120, to the CD4 antigen on the surface of the cells. The present study examines 125I-gp120 binding to CEM and U937 cells. The results of this study show that this process is more complex than previously thought, consisting of multiple binding components, some of which may reflect processes occurring after the actual binding. Despite its complexity, measurement of the inhibition of 125I-gp120 binding by monoclonal antibodies to the CD4 antigen or to gp120 generally parallels direct measurement of the inhibition of HIV-1 binding to cells expressing the CD4 antigen (CD4 positive). Furthermore, aurintricarboxylic acid and pentosan polysulphate, inhibitors of the association of HIV-1 with cells, also inhibit 125I-gp120 binding. This is the first case in which a small molecule has been shown to inhibit gp120 binding using a classical radioligand binding assay. Two other inhibitors of HIV-1 association with cells, dextran sulphate and chondroitin sulphate, were less effective as 125I-gp120 binding inhibitors, suggesting that prevention HIV-1/cell association can be produced by mechanisms other than direct inhibition of gp120/CD4 binding.
The complete chloroplast genome sequence of Indian barnyard millet, Echinochloa frumentacea (Poaceae)

Abstract We report the complete chloroplast genome sequence of the important nutritious millet crop Indian barnyard millet, Echinochloa frumentacea Link (Poaceae). The size of the circular chloroplast genome is 139 593 bp in length with a typical quadripartite structure, containing pair of inverted repeats of 22 618 bp, flanked by large single copy and small single copy regions of 81 839 bp, 12 518 bp, respectively. Overall GC content of the genome was 38.6% and consists of 112 individual genes, including 77 protein coding genes, 30 tRNA genes, four rRNA genes and one conserved open reading frame. In addition, phylogenetic analysis with grass species has revealed that E. frumentacea is diverged around 1.9–2.7 million years with its close relatives, E. oryzicola and E. crus-galli.
Effect of dietary administration of rosemary extract on the oxidative stability of pigeon meat

The oxidative status and meat quality of pigeons fed a standard diet or a diet with the addition of rosemary extract were studied. The trial was carried out on 45 pairs of breeders per treatment. Pigeons were fed the two diets ad libitum for 120 days, after which 30 fryer pigeons per group were slaughtered. Half of the refrigerated carcasses were used for analyses of the fresh meat and the remainder was stored under vacuum conditions for 90 days at -18°C. The pectoralis major muscles were removed and analysed for pH, colour, water-holding capacity, tenderness, fatty acids and oxidative stability. The oxidative status of the young birds was affected by the dietary treatment. Generally, the physical traits were better in the supplemented group. The positive effect was more relevant in frozen meat as also denoted by the significant diet x storage interactions. The positive effect of rosemary extract during storage was also confirmed by the lipid oxidation level which, after freezing-thawing, was lower in pigeons in the supplemented group.
Archaeopteris roemeriana (Göppert) sensu Stockmans, 1948 from the Upper Famennian of Belgium : anatomy and leaf polymorphism

The anatomy of the latéral system of Archaeropteris roemeriana is described based on specimens in the Stockmans collection. New collections from Langlier Quarry, in the Bocq valley, Belgium, provided additional morphological information. Leaves are more abundant on one side of some axes; on végétative ultimate axes a marked différence in leaf size on opposite sides of the branch is inferred from bilatéral symmetry of the xylem tissue. In contrast, fertile ultimate axes resemble strobili and the xylem tissue is radially symmetrical. The number of sporophylls per cm and the number of orthostiches is also greater than on comparable végétative axes. The anatomy of A. roeme¬ riana is compared with that of A. macilenta from North America, the only other species for which anatomy is known. The use of leaf size for spécifie delimination in Archaeopteris is discussed with reference to the leaf size polymorphism inferred for A. roemeriana. These considé¬ rations also raise the question of wether A. roemeriana is synonymous with A. halliana. Key-words: Archaeopteris anatomy leaf polymorphism Famen¬ nian Belgium.