Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Wind Effects, Unsteady Behaviors, and Regimes of Propagation of Surface Fires in Open Field

The subject of this article concerns the unsteady effects (fire intensity, wind) upon the propagation and, more generally, the behavior of surface fires in open fields. The study focused on two sources of unsteadiness: the first one resulting from the regime of propagation (wind driven or plume dominated), which can affect greatly the behavior of the flame front and consequently the fire intensity, the second one resulting from the wind gusts associated with the conditions of flow of wind in real conditions. The study was based on numerical simulations, using a multiphase formulation, and on spectral analysis of the time evolution of the fire line intensity. The calculations were performed in 2D for a homogeneous vegetation layer (grassland) and for a large interval of wind conditions (10 m open wind velocity U10 ranged between 1 m/s and 25 m/s). The results have highlighted the link between the unsteady character of flame front behavior and the regime of propagation (plume dominated, wind driven). A particular interest was focused on the role played by two potential sources of instabilities, namely the Kelvin-Helmholtz instability (wind effects) and the thermo-convective instability (plume effects), upon the behavior of fires. A second set of simulations has been carried out using unsteady wind conditions, reproduced using sinusoidal boundary conditions for the streamwise velocity, with a frequency ranging between 0.5 Hz and 3 Hz.
Influence of Ultrasound-Assisted Osmotic Dehydration and Freezing on the Water State, Cell Structure, and Quality of Radish (Raphanus sativus L.) Cylinders

Ultrasound-assisted osmodehydrofreezing technique is a partial dehydration technique prior to freezing to diminish the tissue damage and preserve the quality by quickly removing part of the water from vegetable tissues. In this study, radish cylinders with three different water contents (85%, 80% and 75%, w/w) were dehydrated by osmotic dehydration (OD) and ultrasound-assisted osmotic dehydration (UOD). The effects of OD and UOD pretreatment on the characteristics (e.g., latent heat of fusion of ice, freezable water and microstructure) of dehydrated products and quality attributes (e.g., freezing time, firmness, drip loss and ascorbic acid content) of osmodehydrofrozen products were investigated. Ultrasound application significantly shortened the time of dehydration and subsequent freezing. Compared to OD products with equal water content, UOD products exhibited less freezable water content and better preservation on firmness and microstructure. After freezing/thawing, frozen products of UOD also displayed less drip and ascorbic acid losses and better firmness than that of OD.
Metal Binding in Estuarine Humic and Fulvic Acids: FTIR Analysis of Humic Acid-Metal Complexes

Humic and fulvic acids isolated from salt marsh estuaries of the southeastern United States had copper binding capacities (CuBC) of 0.16 to 0.26 µg atm Cu2+ mg−1 humic acid and 0.17 to 0.24 µg atm Cu2+ mg−1 fulvic acid. Competitive reactions of humic substances with alkaline earth elements Ca2+ and Mg2+ reduced the CuBC by only 11% for fulvic acids and by 17% for humic acids. Competition with the trivalent metal ions Al3+ and Fe3+ reduced the CuBC in humic substances by 30–40%. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectral analyses of the humic-metal complexes suggest that Cu(II) may be bound preferentially by oxygen-containing functional groups in estuarine fulvic acids, but there is a much higher involvement of nitrogen-containing functional groups in binding Cu(II) to estuarine humic acids. FTIR spectra were also collected for humic acid-metal complexes of Ag, Au, Hg, Mn and Pb.
Blood cadmium levels in nonexposed male subjects living in the Rome area: relationship to selected cardiovascular risk factors

Blood cadmium (B-Cd) levels were determined in non-occupationally exposed men aged 55–75 years living in the Rome area (Italy) who participated in an epidemiological survey for coronary heart disease (New Risk Factors Project). Among the subjects considered in this study (n= 1223), the geometric mean and the geometric standard deviation for B-Cd were 4.58 and 1.84 nmol/liter, respectively. In never smoked and current smokers, the geometric means (geometric standard deviation) for B-Cd were 2.98 nmol/liter (1.61 nmol/liter) and 7.83 nmol/liter (1.68 nmol/liter), respectively. In linear regression analysis B-Cd levels were significantly and positively associated with daily cigarette consumption (r= 0.5501,P< 0.0001), alcohol consumption (g/day;r= 0.1033,P= 0.0003), non–high-density-lipoprotein cholesterol levels (mmol/liter;r= 0.0848,P= 0.0030), triglyceride levels (mmol/liter, after log-normal transformation;r= 0.0695,P= 0.0151), and blood lead levels (μmol/liter, after log-normal transformation;r= 0.2506,P< 0.0001). B-Cd levels were inversely related to skinfold thicknesses (mm;r= −0.1094,P< 0.0001), body mass index (kg/m2;r= −0.0482,P= 0.0922), and diastolic blood pressure (mm Hg;r= −0.0638,P= 0.0257). No linear correlation was found between B-Cd and systolic blood pressure or mean blood pressure. In multiple regression analysis daily cigarette consumption and blood lead levels were significant predictors of B-Cd level, explaining 30.26 and 2.86% of total variance, respectively. B-Cd was not a significant predictor of diastolic, systolic, or mean blood pressure in multiple regression analyses.
A Comprehensive Review of the Application Characteristics of Biodiesel Blends in Diesel Engines

Since the advent of biodiesel as a renewable alternative fuel, it has attracted wide attention from researchers. The raw materials of biodiesel generally produced by transesterification of animal fats, plants, algae or even waste cooking oil, which makes full use of natural resources and alleviates increasingly problematic oil shortages and environmental pollution. Biodiesel can be directly applied to vehicle engines without any modification and will both improve the combustion quality of the engine and reduce the harmful emissions from the engine. This study mainly summarizes the influence of biodiesel applications on diesel engines, including the impact on engine performance, combustion characteristics, emission characteristics, vibration, noise characteristics, and compatibility. In particular, unregulated emissions such as volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), which are rarely mentioned in other review articles, are also discussed in this study.
Efficiency of Asean-5 Markets: An Detrended Fluctuation Analysis

This study intends to analyse efficiency, in its weak form, in the financial markets of Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand (Asean-5), and China, during the global pandemic (Covid-19). Different approaches have been undertaken to carry out this analysis in order to determine whether: Asean -5 financial markets and China are efficient, in their weak form, during the analysis period? The results indicate that the random walk hypothesis is rejected in all markets. The values of the variance ratios are, in all cases, lower than the unit, which implies that the returns are autocorrelated over time and, there is a reversion to the average, in all indices. In corroboration, the exponents Detrended Fluctuation Analysis (DFA), indicate significant long memories with a larger incidence in the Philippines and Singapore markets, however the Chinese market evidences anti persistence. These results demonstrate that stock prices do not completely reflect the available information and that stock prices movements are not i.i. d. This has implications for investors, as some returns can be expected, creating opportunities for arbitrage and abnormal returns, contrary to the assumptions of random walk and information efficiency. These conclusions also allow market regulators to implement measures to ensure better information in these regional markets.
Resource orchestration for team‐based innovation: a case study of the interplay between teams, customers, and top management

The resource orchestration concept has attracted considerable interest in contemporary innovation research. However, resource orchestration is a manager-centric framework and not all of its components necessarily reflect the value-creation processes of organizations focusing on team-based innovation. Drawing on a single-case study of an innovative Swedish software company, we illustrate the roles of autonomous teams, customers, and top managers in orchestrating resources for team-based innovation. Moreover, we introduce the concept of resource flocculation to describe how key actors co-orchestrate various resource orchestration processes. The study contributes to research on resource orchestration by adapting the model to the conditions characterizing team-based innovation, and to research on team-based innovation by addressing how innovative teams are related to over-all resource orchestration processes and, ultimately, organizational innovation outcomes.
Effect of White, Black Rice and their Mixtures on Induced-Hypercholesterolemia in Rats

Effect of different concentrations 5% and 10% of white, black rice (Oryza sativa, L. indica) and their mixtures as powder on biological and biochemical changes of hypercholesterolemic rats were investigated. Forty-eight white male albino rats weighing 140±10g were used and divided to 8 groups, each group (6) rats. Rats infected of hypercholesterolemic by injected with Triton-X-100 (100mg/ kg body weight). Glucose, serum liver functions (GOT GPT and ALP), T.G, T.C, LDL-c, HDL-c, VIDL-c, AIT, kidney functions (uric acid, urea and creatinine) were determined. Also, identification of phenolic compounds were determined using HPLC technique. The obtained results of hypercholesterolemic rats revealed that white, black rice as powder improve serum glucose level, liver functions, kidney functions and lipid profile in rats especially 10% black rice powder. The HPLC results showed that the black rice had higher bioactive compounds than white rice, besides the fact that it has so many health benefits الملخص تأثير الأرزالأبيض والأسود ومخلوتهما علي الجرذان المصابة بإرتفاع مستوي الکوليستيرول في الدم تم دراسة تأثير ترکيزات مختلفة 5٪، 10٪ من الأرز الأبيض والأسود ومخلوتهم کمسحوق على التغيرات البيولوجية والکيميائية الحيوية للجرذان المصابة بارتفاع مستوي الکوليسترول. حيث تم استخدام ثمانية وأربعون من ذکور الجرذان البيضاء وزنها (140جم ± 10جم) وقسمت إلى 8 مجموعات، کل مجموعة بها (6) جرذان. وتم اصابة الجرذان بارتفاع الکوليسترول عن طريق الحقن بمادة تريتون اکس 100 بجرعة (100مجم/کجم من وزن الجسم). تم تقدير کلا من مستوى الجلوکوز ووظائف الکبد في الدم(( (GOT, GPT و)الکوليسترول الکلى والجليسريدات الثلاثية والکوليسترول عالي الکثافة و الکوليسترول المنخفض الکثافة و الکوليسترول المنخفض جدا الکثافة الدم، ألانين أمينو ترانسفيراز و الفوسفاتيز القلوي ( وظائف الکلي ( حمض البوليک ، اليوريا والکرياتينين) . کذلک تم تحديد التعرف على المرکبات الفينولية في مسحوق الأرز الأبيض والأسود بواسطة جهاز الکروماتوجرافي الغازي عالي الأداء. وأظهرت النتائج المتحصل عليها من الفئران المصابة بارتفاع الکوليسترول أن الأرز الأبيض والأسود کمسحوق يحسن مستوي الجلوکوز في الدم ووظائف الکبد والکلى والدهون في الجرذان التي تغذت على مسحوق الأرز الأسود بترکيز10%. کذلک اظهرت نتائج الکروماتوجرافى الغازى عالى الأداء أن الأرز الأسود يحتوي على ترکيزات عالية من کل المرکبات النشطة الفعالة أعلي من الأرز الأبيض، إلى جانب حقيقة أن له العديد من الفوائد الصحية. الکلمات المفتاحيه: مسحوق الأرز ـ الجرذان ـ ارتفاع مستوي الکوليسترول في الدم - المرکبات الفعالة ـ التحاليل الکيميائية الحيوية.
Pengaruh Shift Kerja dan Burnout Terhadap Perilaku Kesehatan dan Keselamatan Kerja (K3)

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dampak shift kerja dan burnout terhadap perilaku kesehatan dan keselamatan kerja (K3) karyawan divisi operasional di PT X di Kabupaten Paser. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif. Subjek penelitian yang terdiri dari 105 karyawan menjadikan peneliti menggunakan teknik purposive sampling. Metode pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah skala perilaku K3, shift kerja dan burnout. Data penelitian dianalisis dengan regresi linier berganda dengan program Paket Statistik untuk Ilmu Sosial (SPSS) 20.0 untuk Windows. Hasil penelitian dengan tingkat kepercayaan 95% menunjukkan bahwa: (1) terdapat pengaruh positif dan signifikan shift kerja terhadap perilaku karyawan K3 dengan koefisien beta (β) = 0,389, nilai t> t tabel (3,966> 1,983) dan nilai p = 0,000 (p <0,05); (2) ada dampak negatif dan signifikan burnout pada perilaku karyawan K3 dengan koefisien beta (β) = -0.227, nilai t> t tabel (2,311> 1,983) dan nilai p = 0,023 (p <0,05); (3) ada dampak nyata dan signifikan shift kerja dan burnout pada perilaku karyawan K3 dengan nilai f> f tabel (21,534> 3,090) dan nilai p = 0,000 (p <0,05). Artinya, semakin tinggi nilai kesesuaian shift kerja dan semakin rendah burnout pada karyawan, semakin tinggi perilaku karyawan K3. Sebaliknya, semakin rendah nilai kesesuaian shift kerja dan semakin tinggi burnout pada karyawan, semakin rendah perilaku K3 karyawan divisi operasi PT X di Kabupaten Paser. Kontribusi berdampak shift kerja dan burnout pada perilaku karyawan K3 sebesar 0,297 (29,7 persen).
On the starting vortex generated by a translating and rotating flat plate

Abstract We consider the trailing-edge vortex produced in an inviscid fluid by the start-up motion of a two-dimensional flat plate. A general starting motion is studied that includes the initial angle-of-attack of the plate (which may be zero), individual time power laws for plate translational and rotational speeds and the pivot position for plate rotation. A vortex-sheet representation for a start-up separated flow at the trailing edge is developed whose time-wise evolution is described by a Birkhoff–Rott equation coupled to an appropriate Kutta condition. This description includes convection by the outer flow, rotation and vortex-image self-induction. It admits a power-law similarity solution for the (small-time) primitive vortex, leading to an equation set where each term carries its own time-wise power-law factor. A set of four general plate motions is defined. Dominant-balance analysis of this set leads to discovery of three distinct start-up vortex-structure types that form the basis for all vortex motion. The properties of each type are developed in detail for some special cases. Numerical and analytical solutions are described and transition between solution types is discussed. Singular and degenerate vortex behaviour is discovered which may be due to the absence of fluid viscosity. An interesting case is start-up motion with zero initial angle of attack coupled to power-law plate rotation for which time-series examples are given that can be compared to high Reynolds number viscous flows.
Coupling Between Velocity Oscillations and Solid Propellant Combustion.

Abstract : Studies are being conducted to define and characterize the basic fluid mechanics and heat transfer mechanism controlling the coupling between acoustic and radial profiles of the mean and oscillatory velocity are being measured at several axial stations in a cold flow rocket simulator. Recent studies have concentrated on measuring the structure of the acoustic waves and how this structure relates to the oscillatory heat flux data reported earlier. In particular, the radial profiles of the magnitude and phase (relative to the head end acoustic pressure) of the acoustic velocity have been measured at several axial stations. At low acoustic pressures (i.e., 0.05%) the acoustic waves extend across the entire cross-section in the region upstream of the transition in the mean velocity profile. Nonplaner and nonlinear behavior is also observed in the near surface regions. Downstream of the velocity transition, the acoustic waves do not penetrate through the near wall turbulence. At higher acoustic pressures (i.e., 0.4%) the upstream nonlinearities increase in magnitude and extend across the entire port. Downstream of the velocity transition the core nonlinearities decay while the linear component penetrates through the turbulence to the wall. Originator-supplied keywords include: Velocity coupling; and Combustion instability.
Hydraulic gradient, aging, and water quality effects on hydraulic conductivity of a vertisol

Aging, manifested by an increase with time of the aggregate mechanical strength, has been reported recently to affect the response of a soil to water quality. However, experimental evidence demonstrating its effect on the hydraulic conductivity is lacking, We present the results of aging, hydraulic gradient, and water quality effects on the saturated hydraulic conductivity of disturbed smectitic soil samples (A horizon, Chromic Haploxerert), The effects of two hydraulic gradients (2.9 and 12) and two leaching durations (3-4 and 20 h) vc cre tested. Soil consecutively leached with 0.5, 0.05, 0.01, and 0.003 M Cl- solutions (Na adsorption ratio, SAR = 10) or 0.5, 0.01 M Cl- solutions and deionized water (SAR = 0), The saturated hydraulic conductivity of the soil decreased with an increase in soil exchangeable Na percentage and a decrease in total electrolyte concentration. Also, the relative hydraulic conductivity of the soil decreased from 1.1 to 0.94 when subjected to a high-hydraulic gradient treatment, and subsequently increased to 2.32 under prolonged leaching with 0.01 M Cl- solution of SAR = 0. This decrease was attributed to the compression of clay particles at the column outlet. The subsequent increase in hydraulic conductivity was ascribed to thixotropic stabilization of the clay fabric and cohesive bond development. The effects of hydraulic gradient and aging were less pronounced in soil in equilibrium with solution of SAR = 10 because the higher sodicity increased the repulsion forces between clay particles, thus reducing clay-to-clay contact, Some practical consequences were postulated concerning aging effect under field conditions.
Nonlinear Increase of Vegetation Carbon Storage in Aging Forests and Its Implications for Earth System Models

Vegetation carbon stock (Cveg) in global forests, which is important for C cycle‐climate feedbacks, commonly increases with forest age. Due to the allometric growth of plants, the nonlinear increase in Cveg with woody fraction (fw) is expected across space. However, it remains unclear whether such a nonlinear relationship between Cveg and fw can be constrained by observations and further used to benchmark Earth system models (ESMs). Here, based on the in situ measurements at 1,145 forest sites, we found that the nonlinear relationship between Cveg and fw followed an exponential equation (i.e., Cveg=bea·fw ). Then, we showed that such an exponential dependence of Cveg on fw also exists in ESMs of CMIP5 and CMIP6 (all P < 0.01), even though age‐dependent processes have not been incorporated in most models. However, the exponential Cveg‐fw relationship varied greatly among the models, and the coefficient b was systematically lower in the ESMs (0.08 ± 0.11; mean ± SD) than the observations (0.28). Based on a compiled forest age data set, we further found that the observed nonlinear increase of Cveg with forest age across the Northern Hemisphere (>30°N) was not captured by ESMs. These findings reveal a high disagreement on the spatially nonlinear relationship between vegetation carbon stock and woody fraction in current ESMs. The exponential relationship based on observations provides one useful benchmark for ESMs when they implement the age‐dependent processes in the future.
Exact solution of the multicomponent Falicov-Kimball model in infinite dimensions

Abstract The exact solution for the thermodynamic and dynamie properties of the infinite-dimensional multicomponent Falicov-Kimball model for arbitrary concentrations of d and f electrons is presented. The emphasis is on a descriptive derivation of important physical quantities by the equation-of-motion technique. We provide a thorough discussion of the f-electron Green's function and of the susceptibility to spontaneous hybridization. The solutions are used to illustrate different physical systems ranging from the high-temperature phase of the YbInCu4 family of materials to an examination of classical intermediate-valence systems that can develop a spontaneous hybridization at T = 0.
Energy transfer structures associated with large-scale motions in a turbulent boundary layer

Abstract The role of large-scale motions (LSMs) in energy transfer is investigated by analysing wall-parallel velocity fields at low-to-moderate Reynolds number ($Re_{\tau }=1200\text {--}3500$), which are obtained via a two-dimensional (2-D) particle image velocimetry measurement with large field-of-view. Two types of energy flux, i.e. local interscale energy flux and in-plane spatial energy flux are inspected in detail. Targeting the energy transfer in large-scale regime, an anisotropic filter is designed based on the zero-crossing scale boundary in a 2-D energy transfer spectrum, across which the net energy flux is the maximum. This ‘optimal’ energy flux boundary separates the scale space into an energy donating large-scale part and an energy receiving small-scale one. The crossover energy flux, as well as the associated flow field structures, are studied by conditional statistics and linear stochastic estimation, in which the statistical spanwise symmetry is deliberately broken by designing special velocity gradient conditions for event probing. A strong connection between large-scale energy flux events and LSMs are found. Namely, forward scatter events have higher probability to reside on the wavy flank of low-momentum LSMs, if compared with the scenario of being clamped in the middle of two streamwise-aligned high- and low-momentum LSMs (Natrajan & Christensen, Phys. Fluids, vol. 18, issue 6, 2006, pp. 299–325). Meanwhile, pairs of positive and negative spatial transfer events tend to locate inside LSMs. It is thus argued that the meandering nature of LSMs, which forms the necessary velocity gradient, might play a determining role in the process of large-scale energy transfer. The spatial correlation between them is then schematized in a conceptual model, which explains most of the present observations.
Analysis and Attribution of Climate Change in the Upper Atmosphere From 1950 to 2015 Simulated by WACCM‐X

Monitoring climatic changes in the thermosphere and ionosphere and understanding their causes is important for practical purposes. To support this effort and facilitate comparisons between observations and model results, a long transient simulation with the Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model eXtension (WACCM‐X) from 1950 to 2015 was conducted. This simulation used realistic variations in solar and geomagnetic activity, main magnetic field changes, and trace gas emissions, including CO2, thereby including all known drivers of upper atmosphere climate change. Analysis of the full 1950–2015 interval with a standard multilinear regression approach demonstrated difficulties in removing solar cycle effects sufficiently to obtain reliable trends. Results improved when an (F10.7a)2 was included in the regression model, in addition to terms for F10.7a, KP, and the trend itself. Comparisons with previous studies and analysis of spatial variations in trend estimates confirmed that the increase in CO2 concentration is the main driver of trends in thermosphere temperature and density, but at high (magnetic) latitudes effects of main magnetic field changes play a role as well, especially in the Northern Hemisphere. Spatial patterns of trends in hmF2, NmF2, and total electron content indicate a superposition of CO2 and geomagnetic field effects, with the latter dominating trends in the region of ∼50–20°N, ∼60°W to 20°E. Additional model experiments to investigate the indirect dynamical effects of climate change in the lower atmosphere (<50 km) on the upper atmosphere (>100 km) suggested that these effects are small and insignificant. However, current model limitations could mean that these effects are underestimated.