Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An Omnidirectional Aerial Manipulation Platform for Contact-Based Inspection

This paper presents an omnidirectional aerial manipulation platform for robust and responsive interaction with unstructured environments, toward the goal of contact-based inspection. The fully actuated tilt-rotor aerial system is equipped with a rigidly mounted end-effector, and is able to exert a 6 degree of freedom force and torque, decoupling the system's translational and rotational dynamics, and enabling precise interaction with the environment while maintaining stability. An impedance controller with selective apparent inertia is formulated to permit compliance in certain degrees of freedom while achieving precise trajectory tracking and disturbance rejection in others. Experiments demonstrate disturbance rejection, push-and-slide interaction, and on-board state estimation with depth servoing to interact with local surfaces. The system is also validated as a tool for contact-based non-destructive testing of concrete infrastructure.
From Land to Sea, a Review of Hypertemporal Remote Sensing Advances to Support Ocean Surface Science

Increases in the temporal frequency of satellite-derived imagery mean a greater diversity of ocean surface features can be studied, modelled, and understood. The ongoing temporal data “explosion” is a valuable resource, having prompted the development of adapted and new methodologies to extract information from hypertemporal datasets. Current suitable methodologies for use in hypertemporal ocean surface studies include using pixel-centred measurement analyses (PMA), classification analyses (CLS), and principal components analyses (PCA). These require limited prior knowledge of the system being measured. Time-series analyses (TSA) are also promising, though they require more expert knowledge which may be unavailable. Full use of this resource by ocean and fisheries researchers is restrained by limitations in knowledge on the regional to sub-regional spatiotemporal characteristics of the ocean surface. To lay the foundations for more expert, knowledge-driven research, temporal signatures and temporal baselines need to be identified and quantified in large datasets. There is an opportunity for data-driven hypertemporal methodologies. This review examines nearly 25 years of advances in exploratory hypertemporal research, and how methodologies developed for terrestrial research should be adapted when tasked towards ocean applications. It highlights research gaps which impede methodology transfer, and suggests achievable research areas to be addressed as short-term priorities.
High-Throughput Phenotyping of Fire Blight Disease Symptoms Using Sensing Techniques in Apple

Washington State produces about 70% of total fresh market apples in the United States. One of the primary goals of apple breeding programs is the development of new cultivars resistant to devastating diseases such as fire blight. The overall objective of this study was to investigate high-throughput phenotyping techniques to evaluate fire blight disease symptoms in apple trees. In this regard, normalized stomatal conductance data acquired using a portable photosynthetic system, image data collected using RGB and multispectral cameras, and visible-near infrared spectral reflectance acquired using a hyperspectral sensing system, were independently evaluated to estimate the progression of fire blight infection in young apple trees. Sensors with ranging complexity – from simple RGB to multispectral imaging to hyperspectral system – were evaluated to select the most accurate technique for the assessment of fire blight disease symptoms. The proximal multispectral images and visible-near infrared spectral reflectance data were collected in two field seasons (2016, 2017); while, proximal side-view RGB images and multispectral images using unmanned aerial systems were collected in 2017. The normalized stomatal conductance data was correlated with disease severity rating (r = 0.51, P < 0.05). The features extracted from RGB images (e.g., maximum length of senesced leaves, area of senesced leaves, ratio between senesced and healthy leaf area) and multispectral images (e.g., vegetation indices) also demonstrated potential in evaluation of disease rating (|r| > 0.35, P < 0.05). The average classification accuracy achieved using visible-near infrared spectral reflectance data during the classification of susceptible from symptomless groups ranged between 71 and 93% using partial least square regression and quadratic support vector machine. In addition, fire blight disease ratings were compared with normalized difference spectral indices (NDSIs) that were generated from visible-near infrared reflectance spectra. The selected spectral bands in the range 710–2,340 nm used for computing NDSIs showed consistently higher correlation with disease severity rating than data acquired from RGB and multispectral imaging sensors across multiple seasons. In summary, these specific spectral bands can be used for evaluating fire blight disease severity in apple breeding programs and potentially as early fire blight disease detection tool to assist in production systems.
Welfare Quality® parameters do not always reflect hen behaviour across the lay cycle in non-cage laying hens

The integration of outcome-based measurements to animal welfare assessment programmes can provide a new perspective on the individual animal’s experience. Identifying variability in individual experiences can facilitate understanding of animals at the periphery of the welfare spectrum, compared to those at the average. Welfare Quality® physical measurements and behavioural observations were taken from the same fifteen non-cage laying hens throughout their production cycle. The average amount of time performing each of nine behaviours and the amount of variation in each behaviour’s performance was compared at four different ages: 19, 28, 48 and 66 weeks. The same analysis was performed for all Welfare Quality® physical measurements. To identify associations between a hen’s behaviour and her physical condition, a cluster analysis was performed for all ages, as well as on data collated from all ages. No differences were observed among the four ages for the average amount of time performing many of the behaviours, but the amount of variability differed for most behaviours observed. Physical measurements taken at 19 weeks differed from those taken at later ages. Bodyweight consistently clustered with time spent preening, yet the patterns of clustering differed at each age. These results highlight the importance of age when conducting welfare assessments. Auditors also should report not only the average, but the variability of responses; while the average response of the flock may appear consistent across time or treatment, differences among the hens within the same flock may vary drastically.
Signatures of the Arctic Stratospheric Ozone in Northern Hadley Circulation Extent and Subtropical Precipitation

Previous studies showed that Antarctic ozone could modulate the Hadley circulation (HC) and precipitation in the Southern Hemisphere. However, whether and how, if any, Arctic stratospheric ozone (ASO) modulates the northern HC and subtropical precipitation remains unclear. We found an out‐of‐phase relationship between the northern HC extent (HCE) and ASO during boreal spring on interannual timescales during 1979–2014. Decreased (increased) ASO tends to result in an equatorward (poleward) shift of HCE by +0.67° (−0.45°) latitude per one standard deviation of decreased (increased) ASO year. Observational analysis and model simulations show that increased ASO leads to an equatorward shift of HCE and subtropical moistening via weakened eddy momentum flux and decreased subtropical static stability, accompanied with negative eddy momentum flux divergence anomalies and northward meridional wind anomalies over the subtropics. Our results may help to understand the linkage between the Arctic and midlatitudes, especially important for the subtropical precipitation and hydrological cycle.
Sustainable management of coffee fruit waste biomass in ecological farming systems at West Lampung, Indonesia

Present study focuses on fruit waste biomass generated during the postharvest treatments of coffee cherries (Coffea spp.) and its subsequent utilization within the waste-less, sustainable and ecological farming systems. Investigated samples were collected at the organic shaded multi-culture coffee plantations in West Lampung, Indonesia. Within the determination of most suitable subsequent utilization, the samples were subjected to the analysis of their basic chemical parameters, energy potential and ash composition. Three samples kinds were defined: I. CP (outer skin, pulp), II. CH (husk, silver skin, parchment) and III. CA (burned mixture of previous two waste materials). Obtained values proved following results; CP: Mc - 79.21%, Ac - 2.05%, CV - 17.19 MJ/kg; CH: Mc - 21.08%, Ac - 6.50%, CV - 18.14 MJ/kg; CA: Mc - 30.79%, Ac - 28.11%. Measured values proves the suitability of tested materials for combustion processes as a renewable source of clean energy (high energy potential), but also for the composting purposes (Potassium content K2O - 10.946%). A great potential of tested materials within their subsequent reuse was proved, as well as the fact that they represent a commodity suitable for further valorization.
FLOW AROUND BLUFF BODIES WITH CORNER MODIFICATIONS ON CROSS-SECTIONS

Flow around Bluff Bodies with Corner Modifications on Cross-Sections by Rujun Liu University of New Hampshire, September, 2019 This research aims to illustrate how the flow around a cylinder changes when the cylinder’s cross-section is systematically changed from square to circle by modifying the corner radius. Numerous research studies have been performed on the flow around circular cylinders and square cylinders leading to a relatively complete understanding of them. In the early 20th century, von Kármán and Rubach described the theoretical basis and provided an analytical solution to the flow around circular cylinders at low Reynolds number. Later, experiments on the flow around square cylinders were conducted by Nakaguchi, Bearman, and other researchers. However, until now, only a few researchers have focused on how the flow structure evolves when the cylinder’s cross-section gradually changes from a square to a circle by increasing the radius of the corner edges. In this study, five numerical simulations were conducted. Each simulation performed calculations on a cylinder model where the shape was changed systematically from a square to a circle. C1 is a square cylinder with a side length of D = 0.375 inches and r/D = 0 where r is the radius of the corner edge; C2 to C4 denote three rounded-corner square cylinders with the same side length D and r/D ratios of 0.167, 0.247, and 0.333, respectively. C5 is a circular cylinder with a diameter of 0.375 inches (r/D = 0.5). Simulations were performed in two dimensions at Reynolds number of 10 to 200, using the control volume technique and Gauss-Siedel iterative method in conjunction with the Algebraic Multigrid (AMG) solver in ANSYS FLUENT 18.2. The simulated flow around the cylinders was illustrated by planar contours of various flow variables (e.g., velocity and pressure). The evolution of the flow behavior when transitioning from a square cylinder to a round cylinder are described by comparing the scaled reattachment length, Strouhal number, and drag coefficient between the different cylinders. It is shown that independent
Lake Spray Aerosol Incorporated into Great Lakes Clouds

Aerosol particles are generated by wind-driven processes in regions with large bodies of freshwater, but the impact of these particles on cloud properties and processes is poorly understood. Lake spray aerosol (LSA) production from freshwater wave breaking has the potential to contribute to cloud formation and modify cloud properties by acting as cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) and ice nucleating particles (INPs). To examine whether LSA reach cloud height and are incorporated into clouds over the Laurentian Great Lakes, sampling of atmospheric particles and cloud water was conducted over Lake Michigan during a summertime wave breaking event with wave heights > 1.4 m and wind speeds > 9 m s-1. Single-particle microscopy and spectroscopy identified ambient LSA that had composition (CaCO3 and organic material) and morphology (spherical) consistent with LSA generated in the laboratory from surface freshwater collected at the time of ambient sampling. Cloud water was aerosolized in the laboratory, and the resu.
Acoustical Energy of Return Strokes: A Comparison Between a Statistical Model and Measurements

This letter proposes a new statistical model of thunder. The tortuous geometry of the emitting return stroke is randomly generated to fit observations of negative cloud‐to‐ground discharges. Pressure waves are initialized by radiation‐hydrodynamics simulations and linearly propagated into an isothermal atmosphere incorporating standardized sound absorption. The thunder pressure frequency signal is defined as the product of the input pressure governed by a deposited energy with the stochastic frequency response of the elongated discharge. We find the low‐frequency content of thunder is mostly due to stroke elongation originating from tortuosity. Acoustic energy per stroke length and spectrum slope are statistically compared to measurements, with good agreement found. We show both a near‐ and far‐field regime of the acoustical energy over distance described by two different power laws. The correlation found between the lightning energy and the acoustic energy paves the way for using thunder measurement to estimate deposited energy.
Effect of a Habit of Skipping Meals on Dietary Life of College Students

The nutrient intake, dietary habit and state of health of 3 groups of college students were investigated. Three groups consisted of “125 female students living with family”, “105 female students living on their own” and “60 male students living on their own”. We studied how the habit of skipping meals affected their dietary life and state of health.1) The nutrients, average intakes of which were found to be less than RDA, were Ca (75-80% of RDA) and Fe (60-70% of RDA) among females and Ca (85%) among males. The intakes by female students of these nutrients per 1, 000kcal were higher than those by male students.2) Percentage of students who skipped meals habitually (more than one meals skipped during the 3-day period) were as follows. Breakfast was skipped by 11% of female students living with family, 27% of female students living on their own, and 53% of male students living on their own. Lunch was skipped by 8% of female students living with family, 7% of female students living on their own, and 12% of male students living on their own. Supper was skipped by 2-5% of male students living on their own.3) Nutrient intakes were lowered by 10-25% due to skipping breakfast and by 35% due to skipping lunch. This was particularly notable for female students living on their own who skipped breakfast. Quality and quantity of the diets including between-meal snacks of the students who skipped no meals were satisfactory.4) The irregularity in taking meals and lack of interests in their dietary life were apparent among those who habitually skipped meals.5) There was no significant relation between the state of health and the habit of skipping meals investigated through presence/absence of subjective symptoms.
DETERMINAN INDEKS PEMBANGUNAN MANUSIA DI WILAYAH INDONESIA TIMUR (Studi kasus Pemerintah Kabupaten/Kota Provinsi Papua pada tahun 2013-2016)

ABSTRAK Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh Pendapatan Asli Daerah (PAD), DanaAlokasi Umum (DAU), Dana Alokasi Khusus (DAK), Dana Bagi Hasil (DBH), terhadap IndeksPembangunan Manusia (IPM) pada Kabupaten/Kota di Papua. Sampel yang digunakan dalampenelitian ini adalah 25 Kabupaten/Kota yang ada di Provinsi Papua. Jenis data yang dipakai adalahdata sekunder yang bersumber dari Laporan Realisasi APBD pada tahun 2013-2016, serta dataIndeks Pembangunan Manusia (IPM) yang diperoleh melalui website resmi Direktorat JendralPerimbangan Keuangan (DJPK) dan Badan Pusat Statistik (BPS). Metode pengambilan datamenggunakan teknik purposive sampling. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa Pendapatan Asli Daerah (PAD) dan Dana Alokasi Khusus(DAK), dan Dana Bagi Hasil (DBH), berpengaruh terhadap Indeks Pembangunan Manusia.Sedangkan Dana Alokasi Umum (DAU), tidak berpengaruh terhadap Indeks Pembangunan Manusia(IPM). Kata Kunci : Pendapatan Asli Daerah (PAD), Dana Alokasi Umum (DAU), Dana Alokasi Khusus(DAK), Dana Bagi Hasil (DBH), dan Indeks Pembangunan Manusia (IPM)
Evolution of the Josephine Peridotite Shear Zones: 2. Influences on Olivine CPO Evolution

Seismic anisotropy arises in the upper mantle due to the alignment of olivine crystal lattices and is often used to interpret mantle flow direction. Experiments on the evolution of olivine crystal‐preferred orientation (CPO) have found that the texture that develops is dependent on many factors, including water content, differential stress, preexisting CPO, and deformation kinematics. To evaluate the role of these factors in naturally deformed samples, we present microstructural transects across three shear zones in the Josephine Peridotite. Samples from these shear zones exhibit a mixture of A‐type textures, which have been associated with dry conditions and primary activation of the olivine [100](010) slip system, and of E‐type textures, which have been associated with wetter conditions and primary activation of the [100](001) slip system. CPOs with characteristics of both A‐type and E‐type textures are also present. CPO type does not evolve systematically as a function of either strain or water content. We used a micromechanical model to evaluate the roles of preexisting texture and kinematics on olivine CPO evolution. We find that the preexisting texture controls CPO evolution at strains up to 5 during simple shear. Kinematics involving a combination of simple shear and pure shear can explain the olivine CPOs at higher strain. Hence, preexisting CPOs and deformation kinematics should be considered in the interpretation of CPOs measured in naturally deformed rocks and of large‐scale patterns in upper‐mantle seismic anisotropy.
Space‐Based Observations for Understanding Changes in the Arctic‐Boreal Zone

Observations taken over the last few decades indicate that dramatic changes are occurring in the Arctic‐Boreal Zone (ABZ), which are having significant impacts on ABZ inhabitants, infrastructure, flora and fauna, and economies. While suitable for detecting overall change, the current capability is inadequate for systematic monitoring and for improving process‐based and large‐scale understanding of the integrated components of the ABZ, which includes the cryosphere, biosphere, hydrosphere, and atmosphere. Such knowledge will lead to improvements in Earth system models, enabling more accurate prediction of future changes and development of informed adaptation and mitigation strategies. In this article, we review the strengths and limitations of current space‐based observational capabilities for several important ABZ components and make recommendations for improving upon these current capabilities. We recommend an interdisciplinary and stepwise approach to develop a comprehensive ABZ Observing Network (ABZ‐ON), beginning with an initial focus on observing networks designed to gain process‐based understanding for individual ABZ components and systems that can then serve as the building blocks for a comprehensive ABZ‐ON.
Intercomparison of Snow Melt Onset Date Estimates From Optical and Microwave Satellite Instruments Over the Northern Hemisphere for the Period 1982–2015

Robust melt season timing and length estimates are important for hydrological and climatological applications; due to the large area and sparse in situ measurements, snow melt monitoring at the continental scale is only possible from satellites. We intercompared melt onset date (MOD) estimates obtained from optical and microwave satellite sensors over the Northern Hemisphere between 1982 and 2015 and subsequently analyzed the causes of the similarities and dissimilarities found. The optical satellite data are based on the mean surface albedo from the Satellite Application Facility for Climate Monitoring (CM SAF) CLouds, Albedo and RAdiation second release Surface ALbedo (CLARA‐A2 SAL) data set. The microwave satellite data are based on temporal variations in the differences of the brightness temperature from satellite passive microwave radiometers. The analysis shows that the microwave‐based method detects melt onset on average 10 days later than the albedo‐based method, which results from the different melt detection methods; the albedo‐based method observes the point when the spring snow metamorphism begins to have a detectable effect on snow albedo, whereas the microwave‐based method detects the appearance of meltwater in snowpack. The difference in MOD decreases in forests, because canopy protects snow from sunlight delaying snow metamorphism. Additionally, we analyzed the MOD estimates for trends across the Northern Hemisphere and separately for Eurasia and North America. A statistically significant negative trend toward earlier melt onset exists in all cases, which is consistent with previous studies.
Thyroid Papillary Carcinoma in Paediatric and Adolescent Patients: Evaluation of Surgical Treatment in a Single Centre

Aim: Thyroid cancers are the most commonly determined cancers in the paediatric age group. Although the rates of lymph node and distant metastasis are greater at the time of diagnosis in comparison with adult thyroid cancers, with the appropriate treatment protocols, the prognosis is excellent. In this paper we present the clinical characteristics of thyroid papillary carcinoma determined in children and adolescents in our clinic, the surgical techniques applied and the clinical results evaluated in the light of the relevant literature. Patients and Method: A retrospective evaluation was made of the patient records of 12 patients in the paediatric and adolescent age group from a total of 250 who underwent surgery for a diagnosis of thyroid papillary carcinoma at Ankara Oncology Training and Research Hospital between 2000 and 2007. Results: The incidence of thyroid and papillary carcinoma in childhood and adolescence was determined as 4.8%. The patients were all female with a mean age of 17.9 years (range, 11-21 years). At the time of diagnosis, lymph node metastasis was determined in 7 cases (58.3%) and lung metastasis in 4 (33.3%). Total thyroidectomy was performed on all patients and for those with lymph node metastasis, a modified radical neck dissection was also applied. Postoperatively, all patients were administered radioactive iodine therapy followed by levothyroxin therapy. During the mean follow-up period of 123 months, apart from in persistent patients, recurrence was not determined in any other patients. Conclusion: As thyroid papillary carcinoma in childhood and adolescence is characterised by lymph node and distant metastasis, even if the tumour is limited to the thyroid, because of frequent recurrence after treatment, total thyroidectomy and where necessary, modified neck dissection, are recommended for all patients rather than more conservative treatment protocols.