Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The rheology and microstructure of concentrated non-colloidal suspensions of deformable capsules

Abstract A detailed study into the rheology and microstructure of dense suspensions of initially spherical capsules is presented, where capsules are composed of a fluid-filled interior surrounded by an elastic membrane. This study couples a lattice-Boltzmann fluid solver to a finite-element membrane model creating a robust and scalable method for the simulation of these suspensions. A Lees–Edwards boundary condition is used to simulate periodic simple shear to obtain bulk rheological properties, and three-dimensional results are presented for capsules in the regime of negligible inertia, Brownian motion and colloidal interparticle forces. The simulation results focus on describing the suspension rheology as a function of the particle concentration and deformability, and relating these macroscopic rheological findings to changes at the particle level, i.e. the suspension microstructure. Several important findings are made: suspensions of deformable capsules are found to be shear thinning, and the initially compressive normal stresses associated with rigid spherical suspensions undergo rapid changes with moderate levels of particle deformation. These normal stress changes are particularly evident in the first normal stress difference, which undergoes a sign change at fairly minor levels of deformation, and the particle pressure, which decreases rapidly with increasing particle deformability. Changes in the microstructure as quantified by the single-body microstructure and the pair distribution function are reported. Also, results calculating particle self-diffusion are presented and related to changes in the normal stresses.
The D/H ratio for Jupiter

Observations of Jupiter's spectrum near the R5(0) HD line at 6063.88 A are reported. A feature with an equivalent width of 0.065 + or - 0.021 mA is coincident with the expected line. This feature is compared with HD profiles computed for inhomogeneous scattering models for Jupiter to yield a range for the Jovian D/H ratio of 1.0-2.9 x 10 to the -5th. This D/H ratio is in the lower range of previously reported D/H values for Jupiter and corresponds to an essentially solar D/H ratio for Jupiter. The detection of HD features in the presence of probable blends with spectral features of minor atmospheric hydrocarbon molecules is discussed. Such blends may make unambiguous identification of HD features difficult. 26 references.
Changes in groundwater flow in an unconfined aquifer adjacent to a river under surface recharge

ABSTRACT The groundwater level in an unconfined aquifer near a river is strongly affected by rainfall and river level. The linearized Boussinesq equation has been used in numerous studies to analytically investigate the changes in groundwater level. A perturbation method was used to determine the non-linear term of the Boussinesq equation. The generalized integral transform technique (GITT) was subsequently used to obtain a semi-analytical solution. We compared this solution with a linearized analytical and non-linear numerical solution and investigated the influence of each parameter that affects the number of convergent terms in analytical solutions. To estimate the recharge volume, two methods, the Horton infiltration formula and a method in which the fraction of rainfall intensity is considered, were employed. Subsequently, the simulated groundwater levels were compared with the field data. Finally, the recharge type, namely unimodal, with and without the Horton infiltration formula was used to model the groundwater flow.
Nondestructive, inductive measurement of critical current densities of superconducting films in magnetic fields

An inductive method to detect a third harmonic voltage V/sub 3/ is widely used to measure critical current densities J/sub c/ of large-area superconducting films. Very recently Mawatari et al. have elucidated the generation mechanism of V/sub 3/ and derived the relationship between the coil ac current and V/sub 3/. We have supported this theory by experiment, and then used this method to measure J/sub c/ of YBCO films in dc magnetic fields at various temperatures (0-5 T, 66-77.3 K). The temperature and the field dependence of J/sub c/ was in good agreement with those measured by dc magnetization and transport measurement. It is demonstrated that this method can also be applicable to measure J/sub c/ in applied dc magnetic fields.
Exosomal miRNAs in the Tumor Microenvironment of Multiple Myeloma

Multiple myeloma (MM) is a malignancy of plasma cells in the bone marrow and is characterized by the clonal proliferation of B-cells producing defective monoclonal immunoglobulins. Despite the latest developments in treatment, drug resistance remains one of the major challenges in the therapy of MM. The crosstalk between MM cells and other components within the bone marrow microenvironment (BME) is the major determinant of disease phenotypes. Exosomes have emerged as the critical drivers of this crosstalk by allowing the delivery of informational cargo comprising multiple components from miniature peptides to nucleic acids. Such material transfers have now been shown to perpetuate drug-resistance development and disease progression in MM. MicroRNAs(miRNAs) specifically play a crucial role in this communication considering their small size that allows them to be readily packed within the exosomes and widespread potency that impacts the developmental trajectory of the disease inside the tumor microenvironment (TME). In this review, we aim to provide an overview of the current understanding of the role of exosomal miRNAs in the epigenetic modifications inside the TME and its pathogenic influence on the developmental phenotypes and prognosis of MM.
Isolation and Determination of Antibacterial Sensitivity Characteristics of Staphylococcus aureus from Lactating Cows in West Shewa Zone, Ethiopia

Staphylococcus (S.) aureus is one of the etiologies of bovine mastitis, hindering milk production and productivity in dairy farms. This study was aimed at assessing the distribution of bovine mastitis and the isolation rate of S. aureus in milked cows of West Shewa Zone. The clinical mastitis was diagnosed by physical methods including observation and palpation, whereas the subclinical mastitis was tested by the California mastitis test (CMT). All of the cows tested for mastitis were aseptically sampled (teat-milk) for bacteriology. The bacterium was primarily identified based on colony characterization, catalase, coagulase tests, and Gram stain reaction. Finally, MALDI-TOF Biotyper confirmed the species. The antibacterial sensitivity characteristics of the isolates to different antibacterial drugs were tested by the disk diffusion method. The drugs were selected based on the frequent usage in veterinary medicine in the study area. By using particular primers, the presence of the resistance (mecA and blaZ), and thermonuclease (nuc) genes were determined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The data were analyzed by R statistical software. The associations between the dependent variables (prevalence of mastitis and S. aureus) and the explanatory variables were analysed by chi-square (χ2) and logistic regression tests at a 95% confidence interval (CI). Accordingly, 258 lactating cows were examined, of which 97 (37.6%) were mastitis positive. Of these mastitis positive cows, 59 (60.8%) were subclinical and 38 (39.2%) were clinical. Among the 258 milk samples, 43 (16.7%) were positive for S. aureus. According to the results of the current investigation, subclinical mastitis was significantly more prevalent than clinical mastitis (p < 0.05). The disease was found varied with the lactation stage of the animal, milking with washed hand, udder washing before milking, and tick infestation of the teat. In comparison to animals from farms with lower number of lactating cows, the prevalence of the bacteria was significantly higher in animals managed in farms with large (OR = 12.58, 95% CI = 2.33–68.54, and p < 0.05) and medium (OR = 12.58, 95% CI = 2.33–68.54, and p < 0.05) population of lactating cows per herd. The isoation rate of the bacterium was also found significantly higher in tick-infested cows (OR = 27.69, 95% CI = 9.71–93.01, and p < 0.05) than tick free cows. The antibiogram tests revealed that the isolates resisted penicillin G and tetracycline group drugs (oxytetracycline and tetracycline). Moreover, the nuc gene was confirmed to be present in all of the examined isolates. However, they were not found harboring blaZ and mecA genes. We concluded that S. aureus is sustaining as a main causative agent of bovine mastitis, and they were resistant to the frequently used antibiotics in public and veterinary medicines in the study areas. Therefore, research-based interventions need to be taken in action to combat the pathogen.
The assessment of e‐HRM tools and its impact on HRM system effectiveness and organizational effectiveness: An empirical study of selected multinational companies in Ghana

This study aims to investigate the effect of the usage of e‐HRM on HRM system effectiveness and organizational effectiveness. The dearth of empirical studies in developing countries, especially in Ghana, warranted this study. The study adopts a quantitative cross‐sectional approach and uses descriptive and inferential research approaches. The targeted population was employees, HR professionals, and line managers at Tata Africa Holdings (Ghana) Limited, Alliance Motors (Ghana) Limited, and MTN Ghana Limited (N = 610). The sample size was determined using Cochran's (1977) sample size formula (n = 236). Data was collected using a structured questionnaire constructed in Likert‐scale style and self‐administered. The sampling technique was stratified random sampling. Data were analyzed using structural equation model‐partial least square (version 3.0). The results revealed that e‐HRM tools have statistical significance for policy‐level effectiveness, technical effectiveness, strategic effectiveness, and human resource management effectiveness. There is a positive relationship between policy‐level effectiveness and organizational effectiveness and between strategic‐level effectiveness and organizational effectiveness. However, there is a negative relationship between technical effectiveness and organizational effectiveness and between HRME and OE. It was recommended that management introduce e‐HRM technologies since they have a positive relationship between HRM effectiveness and organizational effectiveness.
A public study of the lifetime distribution of soap films

We present data for the lifetime distribution of soap films made from commercial dish-washing solution and contained in sealed cylinders. Data for over 2500 films were gathered during a 2-month exhibition on the science and art of bubbles and foams in Dublin’s Science Gallery. Visitors to the gallery were invited to create 10–20 parallel soap films in acrylic tubes which were sealed with cork stoppers. Individual film bursts occurred at random and were uncorrelated. The total number of remaining films in the tubes was recorded every day. Visitors could monitor the status of their soap film tube and the daily updated histogram of the lifetime of all films. The histogram of the bubble lifetimes is well described by a Weibull distribution, which indicates that the failure rate is not constant and increases over time. Unsealed cylinders show drastically reduced film lifetimes. This experiment illustrates the difference between the unpredictability of the lifetime of individual films and the existence of a wel.
Modeling and Analysis of Air-Ground Integrated Networks With Flexible Beam Coverage

Air platforms, such as unmanned aerial vehicles, airships, and balloons are expected to complement traditional ground networks to provide flexible coverage solutions. However, most existing models for air-ground integrated networks (AGINs) neglect the spatial dependence caused by the complementary deployment of the aerial and ground nodes. Accordingly, in this paper, we propose two AGIN models with horizontal dependence that differ in the vertical dimension, namely uniformly independent altitudes and location-dependent altitudes. The air platforms serve as aerial base stations, distributed as a marked Poisson hole process, and provide flexible beam coverage through varying altitudes. Under this setup, we propose a region-based user association scheme and derive the association probabilities as well as the serving distance distributions of an arbitrarily located user. Considering Nakagami fading and air-to-ground propagation properties, we characterize the signal-to-interference ratio and area spectral efficiency for each model. Using the proposed analytical framework, we demonstrate the importance of deploying the air platforms more sensibly to provide targeted services and flexible beam coverage in reducing the load of base stations and improving the user coverage and network capacity performance.
Androgen Deprivation Therapy for Prostate Cancer Influences Body Composition Increasing Risk of Sarcopenia

Computed tomography (CT) scans used in treatment response assessment in prostate cancer (PCa) patients are a useful tool for nutritional status evaluation. The aim of this study was to assess the nutritional status, including sarcopenia development based on CT scans, in PCa patients and its association with progression-free survival (PFS). Sixty-four PCa patients were included (group 1: 34 patients undergoing androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) with docetaxel due to newly diagnosed, hormone-sensitive, metastatic PCa and group 2: 30 patients with castration-resistant metastatic PCa continuing ADT therapy with enzalutamide or abiraterone acetate). Nutritional status was evaluated with anthropometrical parameters, Nutritional Risk Score (NRS), and CT scans at the L3 vertebrae. Survival analyses were performed. According to NRS, nutritional status was significantly related to PFS. In both groups, there was a significant reduction in muscle tissue (total muscle tissue and skeletal muscle index). A significant increase in the distribution of adipose tissue (subcutaneous fat, visceral fat, subcutaneous adipose tissue index, and visceral adipose tissue index) in group one was observed. Sarcopenia was diagnosed in patients but with no influence on PFS. Significant reduction in muscle mass and increase in fat mass was observed in patients treated for PCa with no impact on PFS. The NRS was related to PFS in PCa patients and associated with body composition, assessed by CT after the castration therapy. Long-term castration combined with abiraterone therapy with prednisone or enzalutamide significantly influenced muscle tissue and may lead to sarcopenia development.
Uniform laminar wetland flow through submerged and floating plants

Wetland flow is currently actively studied because of its applications in stormwater management, wastewater treatment and habitat restoration. This research applies the well-established poroelastic media flow theory to uniform laminar wetland flow through submerged and floating vegetation, where the linear interaction between the pore water and the vegetation skeleton is considered in the equations of motion. The effects of vegetation porosity on the velocity, the shear stress and the energy distributions in different layers are first derived analytically and interpreted graphically and physically. As special cases, the homogeneous water flow, as also floating, submerged and emergent vegetation flows are then discussed. This research provides qualitative understanding of wetland flow on velocity, shear stress and energy distributions, indicating that a plant applies a significant resistance to the flow system and dissipates most of the flow energy. The results serve a benchmark framework for the future study on turbulent vegetation flow.
Birth or burst of financial bubbles: which one is easier to diagnose?

Abreu and Brunnermeier (2003) have argued that bubbles are not suppressed by arbitrageurs because they fail to synchronise on the uncertain beginning of the bubble. We propose an indirect quantitative test of this hypothesis and confront it with the alternative according to which bubbles persist due to the difficulty of agreeing on the end of bubbles. We present systematic tests of the precision and reliability with which the beginning t_1 and end t_c of a bubble can be determined. For this, we use a specific bubble model, the log-periodic power law singularity (LPPLS) model, which represents a bubble as a transient noisy super-exponential price trajectory decorated by accelerated volatility oscillations. Generalising the estimation procedure to endogenise the beginning of the fitting time interval, we quantify the uncertainty on the calibrated t_1 and t_c (as well as the other model parameters) via the eigenvalues of the Hessian matrix, which characterise the shape of the calibration cost function in the different directions in parameter space, on many synthetic data and four historical bubble cases. We find overwhelming evidence that the beginning of bubbles is much better constrained that their end. Our results are robust over all four empirical bubbles and many synthetic tests, as well as when changing the time of analysis (the "present") during the development of the bubbles. As a bonus, we find that the two structural parameters of the LPPLS model, the exponent m controlling the super-exponential growth of price and the angular log-periodic frequency omega describing the log-periodic acceleration of volatility, are very "rigid" according the Hessian matrix analysis, which supports the LPPLS model as a reasonable candidate for describing the generating process of prices during bubbles.
Eosinophil: A New Circulating Biomarker for Risk of Poor Outcome in Stroke Patients Undergoing Mechanical Thrombectomy

Objective Acute ischemic stroke (AIS), caused by occlusion of large vessel, is a serious life-threatening disease. This study aimed to comprehensively investigate the association of 14 common and readily available circulating biomarkers with the 90-day modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score in patients undergoing mechanical thrombectomy (MT). Methods This study included patients with anterior circulation large vessel occlusive stroke treated with MT from 05/2017 to 12/2021. Baseline comparisons of poor outcome were performed among enrolled patients. Factors that may be associated with the mRS score were assessed using correlation analysis. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to evaluate the predictive value of circulating biomarkers and poor outcome. Results The mRS score has a strong correlation with neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and eosinophil levels (all rs>0.4 in absolute value and all P<0.001) in addition to a high correlation with National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score (rs=0.40, P<0.001). There was also a high correlation between NLR and eosinophil (rs=−0.58, P<0.001). In the multivariate regression analysis, only neutrophil (adjusted OR=1.301, 95% CI: 1.155−1.465, P<0.001), eosinophil (adjusted OR<0.001, 95% CI: <0.001−0.016, P<0.001), and NLR (adjusted OR=1.158, 95% CI: 1.082−1.241, P<0.001) were independently associated with poor outcome. Conclusion This study evaluated a series of circulating biomarkers and found that neutrophil, eosinophil, and NLR independently predicted poor outcome after MT in AIS patients. There was a significant negative correlation between eosinophil and NLR levels.
Physiological and Morphological Responses of Blackberry Seedlings to Different Nitrogen Forms

Blackberries are an emerging third-generation fruit that are popular in Europe, and specific nitrogen (N) supply is an important factor affecting their growth and development. To study the optimal N fertilizer for blackberry seedlings, no N (CK), nitrate (NO3−)–N, ammonium (NH4+)–N and urea were applied to one-year-old ‘Ningzhi 4’ blackberry plants at a key growth period (from May to August) to explore the effects of different N forms on the physiological characteristics. Correlation and principal component analysis were used to determine the relationships between various indexes. Ammonium (NH4+) or urea-fed plants had a better growth state, showed a greater plant height, biomass, SPAD values and enhanced antioxidant enzyme activities and photosynthesis. In addition, NH4+ was beneficial to the accumulation of sugars and amino acids in leaves and roots, and promoted the transport of auxin and cytokinin to leaves. NO3− significantly inhibited root growth and increased the contents of active oxygen, malondialdehyde and antioxidants in roots. Correlation and principal component analysis showed that growth and dry matter accumulation were closely related to the antioxidant system, photosynthetic characteristics, amino acids and hormone content. Our study provides a new idea for N regulation mechanism of blackberry and proposes a scientific fertilization strategy.
The Meteorological Measurement System on the NASA ER-2 Aircraft

Abstract A Meteorological Measurement System (MMS) was designed and installed on one of the NASA high-altitude ER-2 aircraft (NASA 706). The MMS provides in situ measurements of free-stream pressure (±0.3 mb), temperature (±0.3°C), and wind vector (±1 m s−1). It incorporates a high-resolution inertial navigation system (INS) specially configured for scientific applications, a radome differential pressure system for measurements of the airflow angles, and a compact, computer-controlled data acquisition system to sample, process and store 45 variables on tape and on disc. The MMS hardware and software development is described and resolution and accuracy of the instrumentation discussed. Custom software facilitates preflight system checkout, inflight data acquisition, and fast postflight data download. It accommodates various modes of MMS data: analog and digital, serial and parallel, and synchronous and asynchronous. Flight results are presented to demonstrate the capability of the system.
GALACTIC COSMIC-RAY INTENSITY MODULATION BY COROTATING INTERACTION REGION STREAM INTERFACES AT 1 au

We present a new model that couples galactic cosmic-ray (GCR) propagation with magnetic turbulence transport and the MHD background evolution in the heliosphere. The model is applied to the problem of the formation of corotating interaction regions (CIRs) during the last solar minimum from the period between 2007 and 2009. The numerical model simultaneously calculates the large-scale supersonic solar wind properties and its small-scale turbulent content from 0.3 au to the termination shock. Cosmic rays are then transported through the background, and thus computed, with diffusion coefficients derived from the solar wind turbulent properties, using a stochastic Parker approach. Our results demonstrate that GCR variations depend on the ratio of diffusion coefficients in the fast and slow solar winds. Stream interfaces inside the CIRs always lead to depressions of the GCR intensity. On the other hand, heliospheric current sheet (HCS) crossings do not appreciably affect GCR intensities in the model, which is consistent with the two observations under quiet solar wind conditions. Therefore, variations in diffusion coefficients associated with CIR stream interfaces are more important for GCR propagation than the drift effects of the HCS during a negative solar minimum.