Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Multiscale Interactions in the Life Cycle of a Tropical Cyclone Simulated in a Global Cloud-System-Resolving Model. Part II: System-Scale and Mesoscale Processes

Abstract The life cycle of Tropical Storm Isobel was simulated reasonably well in the Nonhydrostatic Icosahedral Atmospheric Model (NICAM), a global cloud-system-resolving model. The evolution of the large-scale circulation and the storm-scale structure change was discussed in Part I. Both the mesoscale and system-scale processes in the life cycle of the simulated Isobel are documented in this paper. In the preconditioned favorable environment over the Java Sea, mesoscale convective vortices (model MCVs) developed in the mesoscale convective systems (MCSs) and convective towers with cyclonic potential vorticity (PV) anomalies throughout the troposphere [model vortical hot towers (VHTs)] appeared in the model MCVs. Multiple model VHTs strengthened cyclonic PV in the interior of the model MCV and led to the formation of an upright monolithic PV core at the center of the concentric MCV (primary vortex enhancement). As the monolithic PV core with a warm core developed near the circulation center, the intensif.
Efficacy and Safety of ab Externo Phaco-Canaloplasty versus First-Generation iStent Bypass Implantation Combined with Phacoemulsification in Patients with Primary Open Angle Glaucoma-Early Results

This study evaluated the early outcomes of the hypotensive efficacy and safety profile of ab externo phaco-canaloplasty versus first-generation iStent bypass implantation combined with phacoemulsification in patients with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG). In total, 82 patients with POAG comprising 92 eyes were divided into phaco-canaloplasty (Group PC, (n = 47) or iStent combined with phacoemulsification (Group PiS, n = 45) groups. Primary outcome measures were intraocular pressure (IOP) reduction and number of glaucoma medications. Secondary outcome measures were best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), endothelial cell density (EECD), changes in anterior chamber depth (ACD), and complication rate. The follow-up period was approximately 6 months. Preoperative IOPs were 17.30 (15.00; 19.85) mmHg and 17.50 (15.10; 20.90) mmHg in the PC and PiS groups, respectively (p = 0.876). At the end of the follow-up, IOP decreased to 15.00 (13.00; 16.00) mmHg and 15.00 (14.00; 17.00) mmHg in the PC and PiS groups, respectively (p = 0.438). Medication usage decreased from 2.08 to 0.12 and 1.40 to 0.04 in PC and PiS eyes, respectively. Most patients in both groups were medication-free at 6 months follow-up. After 6 months of observation, EECD in PC and PiS groups decreased from 2309.50 (2032.00; 2533.00) to 1966.50 (1262.00; 2353.50) and 2160.00 (1958.50; 2372.50), to1231.00 (1089.00; 2050.00), respectively (p = 0.037). Pre-surgery BCVA was 0.80 (0.50; 1.00) and 0.60 (0.40; 1.00) in PC and PiS eyes, respectively (p = 0.456). Follow-up BCVA was 0.95 (0.60; 1.00) for PC and 1.00 (1.00; 1.00) for PiS. Hyphema and corneal oedema were noted on the first day post-surgery in both groups. Subsequent complications included a transient increase in IOP in the PC group. Phaco-canaloplasty and iStent bypass implantation combined with phacoemulsification significantly lowered IOP and decreased medication burden. All eyes in both groups maintained or exhibited improved BCVA relative to baseline. Both surgeries had low postoperative complication rates and exhibited comparable safety profiles over 6-month follow-up in patients with POAG.
n-type doping of (001)-oriented single-crystalline diamond by phosphorus

n-type doping of (001)-oriented single-crystalline diamond has been achieved using PH3 as doping gas and applying a newly optimized homoepitaxial growth technique based on plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition. Hall-effect measurements indicate n-type conductivity with highest mobilities of ∼350cm2∕Vs. Phosphorus doping is confirmed by secondary-ion mass spectroscopy.
The refractive‐index distribution normal to the polished surface of fused quartz measured by ellipsometry

One of the dominant factors influencing the frequency aging of a crystal oscillator is the amount of surface irregularity left by polishing upon its crystal resonator. This paper deals with the refractive‐index distribution of fused quartz as a measure of polished layer depth. It is found that the refractive‐index distribution can be expressed by a combination of an exponential function and a linear function. The refractive index decreases exponentially from a surface value of 1.736 to a certain value at a depth of 50±10 A and from it decreases linearly to the bulk value of 1.460 at a depth of 2000±200 A.
Plasma Interleukin-6 Level Predicts the Risk of Arteriovenous Fistula Dysfunction in Patients Undergoing Maintenance Hemodialysis

Systemic inflammation has been proposed as a relevant factor of vascular remodeling and dysfunction. We aimed to identify circulating inflammatory biomarkers that could predict future arteriovenous fistula (AVF) dysfunction in patients undergoing hemodialysis. A total of 282 hemodialysis patients were enrolled in this prospective multicenter cohort study. Plasma cytokine levels were measured at the time of data collection. The primary outcome was the occurrence of AVF stenosis and/or thrombosis requiring percutaneous transluminal angioplasty or surgery within the first year of enrollment. AVF dysfunction occurred in 38 (13.5%) patients during the study period. Plasma interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels were significantly higher in patients with AVF dysfunction than those without. Diabetes mellitus, low systolic blood pressure, and statin use were also associated with AVF dysfunction. The cumulative event rate of AVF dysfunction was the highest in IL-6 tertile 3 (p = 0.05), and patients in tertile 3 were independently associated with an increased risk of AVF dysfunction after multivariable adjustments (adjusted hazard ratio = 3.06, p = 0.015). In conclusion, circulating IL-6 levels are positively associated with the occurrence of incident AVF dysfunction in hemodialysis patients. Our data suggest that IL-6 may help clinicians identify those at high risk of impending AVF failure.
Dietary Acrylamide Exposure and Cancer Risk: A Systematic Approach to Human Epidemiological Studies

Acrylamide, identified by the International Cancer Research Center as a possible carcinogenic compound to humans, is a contaminant formed as a result of the thermal process in many foods, such as coffee, French fries, biscuits and bread, which are frequently consumed by individuals in their daily lives. The biggest concern about acrylamide is that the health risks have not yet been fully elucidated. For this reason, many studies have been carried out on acrylamide in the food, nutrition and health equation. This study focused on epidemiological studies examining the associations between dietary acrylamide exposure and cancer risk. For this purpose, articles published in PubMed, Isı Web of Knowledge, Scopus and Science Direct databases between January 2002 and April 2022 were systematically examined using various keywords, and a total of 63 articles were included in the study. Although some studies on reproductive, urinary, gastrointestinal, respiratory and other systems and organs stated that there is a positive relationship between dietary acrylamide exposure and cancer risk, many publications did not disclose a relationship in this direction. Studies examining the relationship between dietary acrylamide exposure and cancer should be planned to include more people and foods in order to obtain more reliable results. Making research plans in this way is very important in terms of guiding health policies to be formed in the future.
Standard hemispheres as indicators of flow characteristics in lotic benthos research

SUMMARY. 1. Standard hemispheres of identical size and surface but different densities were exposed on a horizontal plane at the bottom of streams. The heaviest hemisphere moved was used as an indicator of flow conditions close to the substrate. 2. Techniques of manufacture, maintenance, and use of the equipment were considered in detail. 3. The method was an easily applicable and integrated indicator of key hydraulic characteristics (turbulence or force of flow prevailing at the stream bottom) previously measured in lotic benthos research, and can replace these more laborious techniques. 4. The hemispheres enabled a rapid flow characterization in stream reaches, in smaller areas where the benthos was being quantitatively sampled, and in en/exclosure cages used in experimental studies. 5. The method also has the potential to characterize and compare physics of flow in individual running water segments with regard to frequencies and intensities of disturbances caused by long-term variations in discharge. 6. The hemispheres could be used as a standard in benthic research. since they offer a well defined scale that is directly comparable not only between studies in running waters but also in wave-exposed shores of lakes and oceans.
Band alignment between Ta2O5 and metals for resistive random access memory electrodes engineering

Band alignment of resistive random access memory (RRAM) switching material Ta2O5 and different metal electrode materials was examined using high-resolution X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Schottky and hole barrier heights at the interface between electrode and Ta2O5 were obtained, where the electrodes consist of materials with low to high work function (Φm,vac from 4.06 to 5.93 eV). Effective metal work functions were extracted to study the Fermi level pinning effect and to discuss the dominant conduction mechanism. An accurate band alignment between electrodes and Ta2O5 is obtained and can be used for RRAM electrode engineering and conduction mechanism study.
Fundamental Studies on One-Dimensional Cannonball Targets at 10.6 µm Laser Wavelength

A new scheme for the inertial confinment fusion (ICF) pellet, called a Cannonball target, has been investigated experimentally using a 10.6 µm laser. The fuel pellet is surrounded by a tamper with a vacuum between the two, and the laser energy is introduced into this space through a small hole in the tamper. The fundamental properties of the Cannon-ball target, such as its absorption and hydrodynamics, and the emission spectra of ions and electrons, have been investigated. The results show a good absorption of 50% and a high hydrodynamic efficiency of 16%. It was found possible to suppress hot-electron preheating.
Electrical conductivity studies in (Ag3AsS3)x(As2S3)1−x superionic glasses and composites

Compositional, frequency, and temperature studies of impedance and electrical conductivity in (Ag3AsS3)x(As2S3)1−x superionic glasses and composites were performed. Frequency range from 10 Hz to 3 × 109 Hz and temperature interval 300–400 K were used for the measurements. Compositional dependences of electrical conductivity and activation energy are analyzed; the most substantial changes are observed with the transition from (Ag3AsS3)0.4(As2S3)0.6 glass to (Ag3AsS3)0.5(As2S3)0.5 composite. With increase of Ag3AsS3 content, the investigated materials are found to have crystalline inclusions and show the two-phase composite nature. Addition of Ag3AsS3 leads to the increase of electrical conductivity whereas the activation energy decreases.
Estimating the erosion and degradation performance of ceramic and polymeric insulator materials in high current arc environments

Modeling the erosion and holdoff degradation performance of various commercially available polymeric and ceramic insulators is addressed. The insulators are tested on a surface discharge switch at approximately 300 kA in atmospheric air. Test diagnostics include the surface voltage holdoff recovery and the eroded mass loss of the insulator and electrode materials used. The ceramic materials tested include several types of aluminum and magnesium silicates, several alumina and zirconia composites, and aluminum and silicon nitride. The polymeric insulators include polyvinyl chloride, low- and high-molecular-weight polyethylene, polytetrafluoroethylene, polyamide, acetyl, polyamide-imide, and several types of glass-reinforced epoxies, melamines, and phenolics. The test results indicate that the holdoff degradation resistance and erosion rates can be qualitatively predicated by the use of merit figures which are based on the thermochemical properties of the insulator. The results also show that the holdoff degradation and erosion rates can be improved for some thermoset polymers by a suitable choice of electrode material and/or by the ultraviolet stabilization of the insulator. >
When feedback is not enough: The impact of regulatory fit on motivation after positive feedback

Feedback is widely used in coaching practice, however, empirical findings are inconsistent regarding the motivational effect of feedback. Positive or negative feedback can be framed in a way that aligns with an individual’s preferred manner during goal pursuit, that is, their regulatory fit. This study is the first to examine the effect of regulatory fit within feedback sign on motivation. This study aimed to investigate the impact of positive feedback framed to fit or not-fit individuals’ regulatory focus on level of motivation.A repeated measures randomly controlled study design was utilised.Participants comprised 29 coachees undertaking a five-session coaching programme. They were randomly allocated to two treatment groups whereby positive non-authentic feedback, framed to either fit or not-fit an individual’s induced regulatory promotion focus was provided on an online leadership skills activity. In addition, level of motivation was measured pre and post feedback.A repeated measure anova analysis indicated that motivation was significantly higher after positive feedback in the regulatory fit condition than in the non-fit condition. There was no relationship between level of mood and motivation after feedback.Findings suggest that feedback framed to fit the regulatory focus of coachees will increase level of motivation. Implications for coaching practice include that when providing feedback in coaching, feedback effectiveness may be increased by framing feedback to the individuals’ regulatory (promotion) focus.
Enhancement of Bonding and Mechanical Performance of Epoxy Asphalt Bond Coats with Graphene Nanoplatelets

Improving bonding and mechanical strengths is important for the application of bond coats used in the construction of steel deck bridges. Graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) are attractive nanofillers for polymer modification because of their low cost, ultra-high aspect ratio, and extraordinary thermal and mechanical performance. In this paper, GNPs were used to reinforce the epoxy asphalt bond coat (EABC). The morphology, viscosity–time behavior, contact angle, dynamic mechanical properties, and mechanical and bonding strengths of GNP-reinforced EABCs were investigated using laser confocal microscopy, a Brookfield rotational viscometer, a contact angle meter, dynamic mechanical analysis, a universal test machine, and single-lap shear and pull-off adhesion tests. GNP dispersed non-uniformly in the asphalt phase of EABC. The viscosity of the neat EABC was lowered with the inclusion of GNPs and thus the allowable construction time was extended. The existence of GNPs enhances the hydrophobicity of the neat EABC. When adding more than 0.2% GNP, the storage modulus, crosslinking density and glass transition temperatures of both asphalt and epoxy of the neat EABC increased. The mechanical and bonding properties of the neat EABC were greatly enhanced with the incorporation of GNPs. Furthermore, the mechanical and bonding strengths of the modified EABCs increased with the GNP content. GNP-reinforced EABCs can be utilized in the pavement of long-span steel bridges with long durability.
Comparison between global latent heat flux computed from multisensor (SSM/I and AVHRR) and from in situ data

Abstract The accurate estimate of the latent heat flux (LHF) is important to understand better the coupling between the atmosphere and the ocean and their respective circulation. In the near future, the availability of satellite-derived datasets over long periods will allow us to perform studies that, so far, have only been possible with historic in situ datasets. Therefore, a natural issue to explore is how the computation derived from both data types agree on LHF estimates, Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set (COADS) on one hand and satellite-derived parameters on the other hand are input to a similarity theory-based model and treated in completely equivalent ways to compute global latent heat flux. In order to compute latent heat flux exclusively from satellite measurements, an empirical relationship (Q−W relationship) is used to compute the air mixing ratio from Special Sensor Microwave/Imager precipitable water W and a new one is derived to compute the air temperature also from retrieved W (T−W r.
Simulation of Water Balance Components Using SWAT Model at Sub Catchment Level

Simulation of Water Balance Components (WBCs) is import for sustainable water resources development and management. The Soil Water and Assessment Tool (SWAT) is a semi-distributed hydrological model to estimate the WBCs by forcing the hydrological response unit (HRU) and meteorological variables. The developed model simulates five WBCs viz. surface runoff, lateral flow, percolation, actual evapotranspiration and soil water at sub catchment level. To demonstrate the model compatibility a case study taken over Chittar catchment, Tamilnadu, India. The catchment was divided in to 11 sub catchments. The ten year interval LULC (i.e., 2001 and 2011), twenty year daily meteorological data (i.e., 2001–2020) and time invariant soil and slope data were used in developing the water balance model. Developed model was calibrated and evaluated with river gauge monthly discharging using SUFI-2 algorithm in SWAT-CUP. The model calibration performed in two stage i.e., pre-calibration (2001–2003) and post-calibration (2004–2010). The model performance was evaluated with unseen river gauge discharging data (i.e., 2011–2015). Then, results of statistical outputs for the model were coefficient of determination (R2) is 0.75 in pre-calibration, 0.94 in post-calibration and 0.81 in validation. Further strengthen the model confidential level the sub catchments level monthly actual evapotranspiration were compared with gridded global data GLEAM v3.6a. Finally, the developed model was simulate the five WBCs whereas, surface runoff, lateral flow, percolation, actual evapotranspiration and soil water at sub catchment level during 2001–2020. The sub catchment level WBCs trend helps to make fast and accurate decision. At all 11 sub catchments a long drought was observed during 2016–2018 due to failure of northeast monsoon. The WBCs were directly reinforced by their north east monsoon which gives the major portion of rainfall i.e., September to December. Hence all the WBCs were directly correlated with rainfall with or without time lag. By understanding the sub catchment level of monthly WBCs over the Chittar catchment is useful for land and water resource management.
Sources of information on sustainable innovation: a citation-based systematic literature review and content analysis

Sustainable innovation practice is an important step to survive globally in a competitive environment for an economy or business commuity. This study aimed to provide comprehensive insights into sustainable innovation research. To this end, we conducted a citation-based systematic literature review (SLR) to identify evolving trends in sustainable innovation research. We reviewed 747 articles from the major database from 1998 to 2019 to identify an influential journals, authors, articles and trends of keywords. We also performed content analysis (CA) of the most influential articles to identify research attributes, such as sustainable innovation concepts, unit of analysis, data, method, and research themes. We synthesised and interpreted the results of both the SLR and CA to formulate future research directions. The paper reveals that out of various themes, the sustainable business model (SBM) has been the most focused area within the top-100 most influential paper, implying that the SBM is a critical challenge for sustainable innovation practices and quality management. Such a finding is useful for future researchers to understand current trends and explore existing gaps in sustainable innovation research.
Branching ratio in the decay of 7 Be

The branching ratio for $^{7}\mathrm{Be}$ electron-capture decay to the first excited state in $^{7}\mathrm{Li}$ has been measured by implanting a 20-MeV $^{7}\mathrm{Be}$ beam into a silicon detector telescope and counting the subsequent $\ensuremath{\gamma}$ decays with well calibrated Ge(Li) detectors. A branching ratio of 10.7\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.2% was obtained. This value is in agreement with past measurements but does not agree with a recently suggested higher value. Sources of uncertainties and implications for nuclear physics and astrophysics are discussed.
Ensemble Learning-Based Edge Caching Strategies for Internet of Vehicles: Outage and Finite SNR Analysis

In this paper, an ensemble learning-driven edge caching (ELDEC) strategy and a meta-based ensemble learning-driven edge caching (MELDEC) strategy are proposed for content popularity prediction and cache content placement in Internet-of-Vehicles (IoV) networks. Specifically, the proposed MELDEC and ELDEC strategies incorporate meta learning and ensemble learning for enhanced content popularity prediction in IoV networks. Closed-form outage probability and finite signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) diversity gain expressions are also derived to establish the relationship between the proposed edge caching strategies and the wireless performance of IoV networks. When compared against benchmark schemes, the proposed MELDEC and ELDEC strategies achieve near-optimal cache hit rates, outage probability, and finite SNR diversity gain under imperfect channel state information (CSI) estimation. We also show that the outage probability decay rate in the IoV network depends on the number of base stations and roadside units, and it is independent of the content popularity prediction of the MELDEC strategy, ELDEC strategy, and benchmark schemes. The performance analysis demonstrates that the proposed MELDEC and ELDEC strategies are promising solutions towards achieving reliable content access in IoV networks.
Dust ion-acoustic solitary waves in a dusty plasma with positive and negative ions

Properties of small but finite amplitude dust ion-acoustic (DIA) solitary waves in a dusty plasma composed of inertialess electrons, positive and negative inertial ions, and immobile negative/positive charged dust grains are investigated. By using the multifluid dusty plasma model, the Kortweg–de Vries equation and energy integral for small and large amplitude solitary pulses, are derived. It is found that the presence of the negative ions modifies the properties of the solitary DIA waves, and provides the possibility of positive and negative solitary potential structures to coexist. The present results may be useful for understanding the salient features of localized DIA excitations that may appear in data from forthcoming laboratory experiments and space observations.