Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Application methods of Azospirillum brasilense in first- and second-crop corn

ABSTRACT This study investigated whether inoculation of Azospirillum brasilense in the seeds or sowing furrow could reduce the need for nitrogen fertilizer application in the corn grown in the first and second crop harvest. The experiments were conducted, in the municipality of Chapadão do Sul, MS, Brazil, in the first crop harvest (2014/2015) and in the second crop harvest (2016). The early maturity hybrids CD 384 HX and P3132H were used in the first and in the second harvest corn, respectively. In both experiments, the experimental design was the randomized blocks with eight treatments and three repetitions. At the silking (R1 stage), the leaf N concentration, relative chlorophyll index and nitrate reductase activity were measured, at the physiological maturity (R6 stage), the plant height, first ear insertion height, one hundred grain mass, grain yield and grain N concentration were measured. In the first crop harvest, the application of Azospirillum brasilense at the sowing furrow resulted in higher N concentration and relative chlorophyll index in corn leaves, while the inoculation of A. brasilense in the seeds provided higher N concentration in the grains. The nitrate reductase activity in corn leaves was lower when inoculation was performed. In the second crop harvest, the inoculation did not affected the N concentration in the leaves and in the grains, the relative chlorophyll index and the growth of corn plants. Inoculation in the sowing furrow associated with the application of 20 kg N ha-1 at sowing and 120 kg N ha-1 at topdressing resulted in lower nitrate reductase activity.
Study about Analysis of Current Case for Oriental Medical Disputes

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to analyze the current cases of oriental medical injury relief data from Korea Consumer Agency (KCA), and to report the current change of oriental medical disputes pattern. Methods: Oriental medical injury relief cases processed by KCA from January 2010 to February 2015 were collected and analyzed. Results: 149 Oriental medical injury relief cases from KCA were analyzed for the study. The highest number that had been relieved was 43 in 2014. In monthly status, 18 case in September was The highest. According to the record, the bigger city had the bigger amount of relief cases which was 53(Seoul), 43(Gyeng-gi), 11(Busan) and so on. In age categories, 30s had the highest number of injury relief cases. The injury relief cases of package program had been rapidly increasing since 2013. Cancellation was the dominant claims cause of package program and consumer required the refund of prepayment. Breast augmentation was the majority treatment type of injury relief cases of package program. Average prepayment of package program was ₩3,166,085. Conclusions: This study finded that the major cause of oriental medical dispute was changed from side effect of clinical treatment to patient’s satisfaction of medical service.
Breast-Conserving Treatment for Breast Cancer: Rational, Current Reality & Limitations

Recently published 20-years follow-up scientific data confirm that there is no difference in survival after breast conservation therapy or total mastectomy in women with stage I or II breast cancer. However, breast conservation treatment is associated with an increased risk of both positive margins and local recurrence. Current estimates suggest that 10 to 20% of women after breast-conserving treatment is at high-risk of local failures. This is a characteristic example of limitations and lack of generalizability of randomized controlled trials, although they provide the best available evidence for treatment decision-making. ost of the 20th century the Halsted radical mastectomy and during the last decades the modified total mastectomy, were the standardized operation for cancer of the breast in all stages, early or late. However, with advances in the understanding of breast cancer spread mechanisms a new concept towards a less radical surgery 1 has been developed with breast-conserving treatment increasingly to replacing mastectomy. The rational of a less extensive surgical approach has been based on both histological data indicated that small solid tumors can be completely removed by limited surgery and clinical results suggested that this approach might result in a lower side-effects profile than extensive surgery without increasing risk of cancer death. This creative thoughtful concept represents an important advance towards a lower morbidity and better quality of life of patients with breast cancer 1 and other solid tumors including gastric cancer. 2,3
Equilibrium and Kinetic Studies of Biosorptive Removal of 2,4,6-Trichlorophenol from Aqueous Solutions Using Untreated Agro-Waste Pine Cone Biomass

The present work discusses the adsorptive removal of a phenolic pollutant, i.e., 2,4,6-trichlorophenol (TCP), using low cost untreated agricultural waste pine cone powder (PCP). The present biosorbent was thoroughly characterized with the help of FTIR, SEM, XRD, and CHN analysis. The presence of amine (-NH2), hydroxyl (-OH) and carbonyl (C=O) functional groups was detected by the FTIR analysis. The important biosorption factors like agitation time, biomass dosage, initial adsorbate concentration, and the initial pH were examined by batch studies. The biosorption kinetic process was fast, reaching equilibrium in 75 min. The experimental kinetic data revealed an excellent agreement with the pseudo second order (PSO) model. On the other hand, the Langmuir isotherm model best described the equilibrium data with the maximum biosorption capacity (qmax) of 243.90 mg/g. These values are better than the adsorption capacities of most agro-based untreated adsorbents previously reported in the literature. Owing to fast removal rates and high biosorption capacity, PCP can be used for cost-effective treatment of TCP from aqueous streams.
The influence of estrogens on the lung vasculature of the premature rabbit neonate.

Pregnant white New Zealand rabbits were injected with 25 mg/kg ethamoxytriphetol (MER-25) daily between day 21 and 26 of gestation in order to study the influence of estrogens on the blood vessels of the fetal lungs. Controls received daily intramuscular injections of cotton seed oil. The test rabbits were divided into 2 groups; 1 group received only MER-25 the other received concomitantly a daily dose of 20 mcg 17-beta-estradiol. On the 27th day of gestation the rabbits were delivered by caesarean section and the liveborns were sacrificed 5 to 7 minutes after birth and lung biopsies were obtained. The average weight of the liveborns in the controls was significantly more than that of the treated animals. Histologic preparations showed that in the treated rabbits the lung vessels had thicker walls narrower lumens and a decreased lumen to wall ratio when compared with the findings in the controls. The vascular changes in the lungs of the offspring of MER-25 treated rabbits were absent when 17-beta-estradiol was administered concomitantly with MER-25 to the pregnant mothers. Results suggest that estrogens influence the degree of dilatation of lung vessels.
Fast response of UV photodetector based on Ag nanoparticles embedded uniform TiO2 nanotubes array

Titanium dioxide (TiO2) has drawn a potential research interest for ultraviolent (UV) photodetector (PD) applications because of its tunable bandgap in UV absorption region, low-absorption coefficient in visible region, n-type semiconducting property, and excellent chemical stabilities. In this study, attempts were made to explore the performances of TiO2 nanostructures such as nanotubes (NTs) and nanorods (NRs) based UV PDs embedded with 23 nm plasmonic silver (Ag) nanoparticles (NPs), which offer the local surface plasmonic resonance or near-field enhancement. The vertical TiO2 NTs and NRs with high uniformity and height of 1 μm were successfully synthesized using simple and low-cost electrochemical anodization and hydrothermal growth techniques, respectively onto Ti substrates. From the x-ray diffraction analysis, it was ascertained that the anatase phase has been formed for NTs, whereas the rutile phase dominated the NRs. All these nanostructures were characterized by various material characterization techniques such as field emission scanning electron microscopy, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, UV–vis–NIR and Raman spectroscopy to investigate their surface and structural morphologies and absorption spectra. Efforts were put to fabricate Ag/(with or without Ag NPs) TiO2 nanostructures/Ti based UV PDs, where Ag has been utilized as top electrode and Ti served the purpose for bottom electrode. The electrical characteristics such as current–voltage, responsivity, detectivity, external quantum efficiency (EQE), rise and decay times were systematically investigated under 365 nm UV light radiance. Among all the UV PDs, TiO2 NTs anchored with the Ag NPs offer better photocurrent, responsivity (1.37 A W−1), detectivity (5.18 × 1010 Jones), EQE (465.42%), rise (0.43 s) and decay (0.70 s) times. In order to have better insight on the device operational principle, a band diagram was proposed and it was realized that desorption of oxygen ions, increment of free electron carriers, and localized surface plasmonic effect were responsible for obtaining improved photoresponse.
Early Leaf Removal as a Strategy to Improve Ripening and Lower Cluster Rot in Cool Climate (Vitis vinifera L.) Pinot Grigio

Removal of basal leaves early in the vegetative and reproductive development of grapevines is a tool used to decrease fruit set, lower cluster rot severity, and improve fruit quality. However, the considerable time required for implementation limits its use by grapegrowers. Efficient mechanization can potentially mitigate these issues, albeit this practice has not yet been compared to manual application at prebloom and after-bloom stages in a cool and humid growing region where cluster rot is the major limitation for yield and fruit quality. The goal of this study was to compare mechanical leaf removal (ME) with the manual (MA) removal of six leaves at the prebloom (PB) and after-bloom (AB) phenological stages over two seasons in Pinot Grigio (a tight-clustered cultivar). Fruit set was only decreased in 2017 by MA of six basal leaves at PB (PB-MA); however, PB reduced cluster compactness in each season. The loss of fruit to gray mold was lowered by all leaf removal treatments in the drier 2017 season, but only MA treatments mitigated loss from sour rot in that year. This indicates that a clear fruit zone and reduced cluster compactness are both needed to lower the effect of cluster rot disease. Only PB treatments enhanced fruit quality, likely driven by a similar reduction in cluster compactness. The results suggest that ME at PB may be used to decrease fruit loss to gray mold in dry seasons and enhance fruit Brix. Nevertheless, PB-MA can be an effective means to reduce fruit loss to sour rot in drier seasons and enhance ripening in years with high precipitation during veraison. This information provides a single approach to alleviate two prominent issues facing seasonal management strategies in cool climate viticulture.
Antifungal Activity of Compounds obtained from Sawdust and Stem Bark of Sasswood Tree (Erythrophleum suaveolens) on Wood Rot Fungi

Extracts and compounds from the sawdust and stem bark of Erythrophleum suaveolens were studied for antifungal activity. The plant materials were extracted using hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol to obtain the crude extracts. Column chromatography over silica gel was used to purify the extracts and obtain pure compounds. Betulin and 21- acetoxylupenone were obtained from the stem bark and cycloeucalenol from the sawdust. The compounds were very active on most of the fungi with zones of inhibition between 18 to 23 mm. Minimum Inhibition Concentration (MIC) was highest at 50 µg/mL against Aspergillus fumigatus, Coniophora puteana, Fibroporia vaillantii, Fomitopsis pinicoca, Gloeophyllum sepiarium, Phaeolus schweinitzii and Rhizopus spp . whereas antifungal activity was least at MFC of 200 µg/mL. The study demonstrated that E. suaveolens stem bark and sawdust isolates possess antifungal activity and could be used in the control of the soft-rot, brown-rot, wet rot and white-rot of wood and diseases caused by wood fungi. Keyword : Antifungal, Betulin, Erythrophleum suaveolens, 21-acetoxylupenone.
Eligibility for HIV Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis among men who have sex with men: portuguese, portuguese migrants and migrants in Portugal

8 RESUMO 9 INTRODUCTION 11 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM AND SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY 13 THEORETICAL BACKGROUND 14 INTRODUCTION 14 THE EPIDEMIOLOGY OF HIV 15 The Concept of PrEP 18 CLINICAL TRIALS 19 CLINICAL TRIALS AMONG MSM 21 iPrEx 21 US MSM SAFETY TRIAL 22 The PROUD study 23 The IPERGAY study 23 RATIONALE FOR HIV PROPHYLAXIS USING ANTIRETROVIRAL AGENTS 24 DISEASE BURDEN OF HIV IN MSM 25 MIGRANTS AND HIV 27 HIV AND MSM IN PORTUGAL 29 THE CDC ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA 30 OBJETIVES 31 PAPER 32 CONCLUSION: 54 REFERENCES 55
YIELD OF FABA BEAN (Vicia faba, L.) AS INFLUENCED BY PLANTING DENSITY, HUMIC ACID RATE AND PHOSOHORUS FERTILIZATION LEVEL UNDER DRIP IRRIGATION SYSTEM IN SANDY SOILS

Two field experiments were carried out in the Agricultural Research Station, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, El-Khattara Region, Sharkia Governorate, Egypt, during the two winter seasons of 2015/2016 and 2016/2017 to find out the response of faba bean (improved Giza 3 cv.) to three planting densities (80000, 100000 and 120000 plants/fad.), three humic acid rates (zero, 2 and 4 kg humic acid/fad.) and four phosphorus levels (zero, 15.5, 31 and 46.5 kg P2O5/fad.). The results of the combined analysis revealed that increasing planting density significantly decreased number of pods and branches/plant, and seed weight/plant as well as protein yield/fad. , while, plant height and biological yield/fad. , were significantly increased by increasing plant densities up to 120000 plants/fad. The highest value of seed yield/fad. , was obtained by planting faba bean on density 100000 plants/fad. Results of the combined analysis also showed that, increasing humic acid rates up to 4 kg/fad. , significantly increased number of pods/plant, weight of seeds/plant and protein yield/fad. , but, hundred seed weight, plant height and number of branches/plant were not affected by the application of humic acid. Meanwhile, biological and seed yields/fad. , were responded to the application of humic acid rate up to 2 kg/fad. In general, application of phosphorus fertilizer up to 46.5 kg P2O5/fad. , significantly increased all traits under study such as number of branches and pods/plant, weight of seeds/plant, seed and biological yields/fad. , and protein yield/fad as compared to other rates (combined data), while, hundred seed weight significantly increased by increasing P levels up to 31 kg P2O5/fad. Interaction results showed that, faba bean plants received 31 kg P2O5/fad. , and 2 kg humic acid/fad. , or received 2 kg humic acid under medium density (100000 plants/fad.) produced the highest value of seed yield/fad.
Effect of Intrinsic and Extrinsic Factors on the Storage Stability of Sardine Oil

Oil extracted from pelagic fishes, rich in n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) like Eicosapentaenoic acid and Docosahexaenoic acid, have numerous health benefits. The oil also contains impurities like di- and mono glycerides, free fatty acids, phospholipids, unsaponifiable matter, metal ions and volatile compounds. Most of these impurities are removed by refining process without affecting valuable n-3 PUFA. However, due to the presence of residual impurities, environmental factors and higher degree of unsaturation, the oil exhibit hydrolytic and oxidative instability during storage. This study was aimed to identify the most detrimental factors causing hydrolytic and oxidative instability and deterioration of n-3 PUFA content in sardine oil during five-week storage. The effect of various extrinsic and intrinsic factors on the storage stability was investigated. The hydrolytic and oxidative instability was estimated by free fatty acid (FFA) content and totox value (TV) respectively. Moisture, sunlight, ferric ions and FFA were found to be most detrimental to oil quality and n-3 PUFA content. Although, addition of phosphotidylcholine and phospholipase-A showed high degree of hydrolytic and oxidative instability, n-3 PUFA destruction was minimal. Interestingly, even in the presence of ferric ions and FFA, phosphotidylcholine and phospholipase-A exhibited n-3 PUFA protection. The exact mechanism by which phosphotidylcholine and phospholipase-A offered protection to n-3 PUFA needs further investigation. From this study, it can be concluded that removing ferric ions, moisture and FFA from crude oil during refining is essential. Further, the refined oil must be stored under dark conditions in airtight containers to retard deterioration of oil quality.
Awareness Regarding Sex Knowledge Among Adolescent Girls (16-20 Years)

Abstract The present study aim to know the level of sex knowledge among adolescent girls in the age group of 16 to 20 years. The sample consisted of 75 adolescent girls from 3 different educational institutes of Pathankot city (Punjab). Purposive sampling technique was used to select the sample. Interview schedule was used for the collection of the data. The information was collected from the respondents related to menarche, masturbation, homosexuality, heterosexuality and source of information. The results of this study revealed that the girls had poor level of sex knowledge. Though girls knew about certain topics but were hesitant to talk about them.
Oviductal and uterine leiomyomata in mares

This paper describes a case of a sessile uterine leiomyoma in a 17-year-old chronic infertile Selle Francais mare. The mass was removed by transendoscopic electrocoagulation. In the same period, 725 mares were screened for oviductal and uterine solid masses in a slaughterhouse survey. Two uterine masses and one oviductal mass were detected in three different mares. Histological and immunohistochemical examination revealed leiomyoma in the four masses. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first report of an oviductal leiomyoma in a mare.
Influence of Different Levels of Crude Protein and Metabolizable Energy on Production Performance of Ross Broiler

The objective of this study was to estimate the suitability of recommending Ross guide requirements of crude protein (C.P) and metabolizable energy (M.E) during the starter and finisher stages as compared with low and high amount of these nutrients at basrah region. Four treatment with three of 15 ROSS broiler chicks per replicated were used. The treatment were fed diets 1, 2, 3 and 4 which were contented 22, 23 % C.P (as ross guide recommended), (24, 25) % C.P and 2864, 2990 Kcal M.E/kg (as Ross guide), (3120 and 3207) Kcal M.E/kg diets respectively for the starter and 18, 19 % C.P (as Ross guide), 20, 21 % C.P and 2886, 3041 Kcal M.E/kg (as Ross guide), (3204, 3357) Kcal M.E/kg diet for the finisher period respectively, The ratio between M.E and C.P in these diets treatments were equal to 130 the starter diets and 160 to the finisher diets. Live body weight, weight gain, feed consumption, C.P and M.E consumption, production index, dressing percentage, thigh and Brest percentage high significantly (p<0.05) and low in the feed conversation ratio, abdominal fat and the gizzared percentage were reputed in treatment 3 as compared with treatments 1, 2 and 4 it can be concluded that diet contented Ross guide requirement of C.P and M.E were not fit enough of these nutrients to give better performance in basrah region. DOI : 10.7176/JBAH/9-18-04 Publication date :September 30 th 2019
Commissioning services and the new community pharmacy contract: (2) Drivers, barriers and approaches to commissioning

Results The response rate was 74%. 82% of PCTs reported access to funding to be a barrier to commissioning pharmacy services. Lack of PCT capacity was viewed as a barrier by 59% of PCTs and 53% viewed the impending PCT reconfiguration as a barrier. The main driver to commissioning was reported to be the new pharmacy contract (76%). Relationships between PCTs and local pharmaceutical committees (LPCs) were also viewed positively. The most common approach to commissioning adopted by PCTs was to engage proactively with LPCs and/or local pharmacists (92%). Most PCTs collaborated on the commissioning of pharmacy services with neighbouring PCTs (75%).
An assessment of diesel ethanol blend fueled diesel engine characteristics using butanol as cosolvent for optimum operating parameters

ABSTRACT Researchers found Diesel ethanol blends as one of the potential alternatives to fuel diesel engine and indicated that 45% ethanol can be utilized along with diesel using 10% butanol as co-solvent. However, the performance of this blend was found inferior compared to that of diesel. Hence, it is necessary to identify the engine operating parameters at which this blend performs better. The present study aims to utilize 45% ethanol by volume into diesel using 10% butanol as co-solvent in diesel engine and to identify the optimal engine operating parameters. The experimental study investigates the performance, combustion and emission characteristics of the Diesel Ethanol blend by varying the engine operating parameters, namely, Injection Timing, Nozzle Opening Pressure and Compression Ratio for various load conditions in a CI engine. The experiments to be conducted for determining optimal level of the three engine operating parameters were designed by Taguchi method using L9 orthogonal array. Then, the blend was tested as per the design of experiments for various engine operating parameters as fuel in a diesel engine under various load conditions. The results were compared to that of diesel as a base fuel. The test results showed that fuel blend produced 40.5% higher brake thermal efficiency and 33.5% increase in oxides of emissions when operated under Injection Pressure −190 bar, Injection Timing −29⁰ before top dead center (BTDC) and Compression Ratio – 19:1 compared to those operated under standard parameters. However, the emissions of CO & HC are found slightly higher compared to that of diesel.
Comparison of the increase in methane yield using alkali pretreatment for French weed and water lettuce prior to co‐digestion

Co‐digestion with cow dung was undertaken of French weed (a recalcitrant weed) and water lettuce (a spongy weed). Untreated and pretreated weeds were co‐digested separately with cow dung to compare the increase in the methane (CH4) yield. The ratio of weed‐to‐cow dung‐to‐water of 10:10:80 was initially prepared. The pretreatment of weeds was performed using 1% sodium hydroxide for 24 hr at 30°C. Both weeds had the potential to produce biogas. The pretreatment increased the CH4 yield for both weeds but differently. The increase in the CH4 yield from co‐digestion of the pretreated French weed was clearly greater than for the pretreated water lettuce. Pretreatment increased the CH4 yield obtained from co‐digestion of French weed from 174 to 209 L/kg chemical oxygen demand (COD) degraded. However, the yields of the untreated and pretreated water lettuce were comparable at 209 and 210 L/kg COD degraded, respectively. Thus, a recalcitrant weed such as French weed was worth pretreating prior to co‐digestion but not a spongy weed such as water lettuce.