Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Quantum computing, phase estimation and applications

Recently, the field of unconventional computing has witnessed a huge research effort to solve the problem of the assumed power of computers operating purely according to the laws of quantum physics. Quantum computing can be seen as a special intermediate case between digital and real analog computing. Importantly, there is a threshold theorem for error correction, as opposed to the pure analog case. Alternatively, quantum computing can be viewed as generalized probabilistic computing, where non-negative real probabilities are replaced with complex amplitudes. The main new resources are quantum mechanical phenomena such as state superposition, interference and entanglement. Superposition together with interference provide a special kind of parallelism, while entanglement, especially when spatially shared, supports unique means of communication. One of the most important theoretical result is a proof by Bernstein and Vazirani (1993) that there is an oracle relative to which there is a language that can be efficiently accepted by a quantum Turing machine, but cannot be efficiently accepted by a bounded-error probabilistic Turing machine. The problem which was considered is called Recursive Fourier Sampling and the proposed quantum algorithm gives a quasipolynomial speedup, O(n) versus O(nlogn). Next, Abrams and Lloyd showed that a quantum computer can efficiently simulate manybody quantum systems having a local Hamiltonian. An additional (informal) evidence of the assumed power of a quantum computer is a bounded-error quantum polynomial time algorithm for large integer factoring. The Abrams-Lloyd algorithm is potentially the most useful quantum algorithm known so far, and if a quantum computer is ever built, it will revolutionize quantum chemical calculations. Thus there is a growing consensus regarding investments into the experimental quantum computing. In this thesis, attention is paid to small experimental testbed applications with respect to the quantum phase estimation algorithm, the core approach for finding energy eigenvalues. An iterative scheme for quantum phase estimation (IPEA) is derived from the Kitaev phase estimation, a study of robustness of the IPEA utilized as a few-qubit testbed application is performed, and an improved protocol for phase reference alignment is presented. Additionally, a short overview of quantum cryptography is given, with a particular focus on quantum steganography and authentication. The work was supported by SSF Nanodev Consortium, by the European Commission through the IST-015708 EuroSQIP project and by the Czech Technical University through the grant CTU0507213.
Small‐N collisional dynamics: pushing into the realm of not‐so‐small N

In this paper, we study small-N gravitational dynamics involving up to six objects. We perform a large suite of numerical scattering experiments involving single, binary, and triple stars. This is done using the FEWBODY numerical scattering code, which we have upgraded to treat encounters involving triple stars. We focus on outcomes that result in direct physical collisions between stars, within the low angular momentum and high absolute orbital energy regime. The dependence of the collision probability on the number of objects involved in the interaction, N, is found for fixed total energy and angular momentum. Our results are consistent with a collision probability that increases approximately as N 2 . Interestingly, this is also what is expected from the mean free path approximation in the limit of very large N. A more thorough exploration of parameter space will be required in future studies to fully explore this potentially intriguing connection. This study is meant as a first step in an on-going effort to extend our understanding of small-N collisional dynamics beyond the threeand four-body problems and into the realm of larger-N.
ROBUST INDEPENDENT COMPONENT ANALYSIS

Independent component analysis (ICA) aims at decomposing an observed random vector into statistically independent variables. Deflation-based implementations, such as the popular one-unit FastICA algorithm and its variants, extract the independent components one after another. A novel method for deflationary ICA, referred to as RobustICA, is put forward in this paper. This simple technique consists of performing exact line search optimization of the kurtosis contrast function. The step size leading to the global maximum of the contrast along the search direction is found among the roots of a fourth-degree polynomial. This polynomial rooting can be performed algebraically, and thus at low cost, at each iteration. Among other practical benefits, RobustICA can avoid prewhitening and deals with real-and complex-valued mixtures of possibly non-circular sources alike. The absence of prewhitening improves asymptotic performances. Moreover, the algorithm shows a very high convergence speed in terms of the computional cost required to reach a given source extraction quality, particularly for short date records. These features are demonstrated by a comparative numerical analysis on synthetic date. RobustICA’s capabilities in processing real-world date involving complex non-circular strongly super-Gaussian sources are illustrated by the biomedical problem of atrial activity extraction in atrial fibrillation electrocardiograms, where it outperforms an alternative ICA-based technique.
Implications of the pulsar wind nebula scenario for a TeV gamma-ray source VER J2016+371

We present multiwavelength studies of a TeV gamma-ray source VER J2016+371 suggested to be associated with a supernova remnant CTB 87 (G74.9+1.2) and based on X-ray and radio morphologies, CTB 87 is identified as an evolved pulsar wind nebula. A source in the vicinity of VER J2016+371 is also detected at GeV energies by Fermi Gamma Ray Space Telescope suggesting a likely counterpart at GeV energies. We find that a broken power-law (BPL) distribution of electrons can explain the observed data at radio, X-ray and TeV energies, however, is not sufficient to explain the data at MeV--GeV energies. A Maxwellian distribution of electrons along with the BPL distribution of electrons in low magnetic fields can explain the observed multiwavelength data spanned from radio to TeV energies suggesting this as the most likely scenario for this source. We also find that although the hadronic model can explain the observed GeV--TeV data for the ambient matter density of $\sim 20~ \rm cm^{-3}$, no observational support for such high ambient density makes this hadronic scenario unlikely for this source.
THE LOCAL BLACK HOLE MASS FUNCTION DERIVED FROM THE MBH–P AND THE MBH–n RELATIONS

We present a determination of the supermassive black hole (SMBH) mass function for early- and late-type galaxies in the nearby universe (z < 0.0057), established from a volume-limited sample consisting of a statistically complete collection of the brightest spiral galaxies in the southern hemisphere. The sample is defined by limiting luminosity (redshift-independent) distance, DL = 25.4 Mpc, and a limiting absolute B-band magnitude, . These limits define a sample of 140 spiral, 30 elliptical (E), and 38 lenticular (S0) galaxies. We established the Sérsic index distribution for early-type (E/S0) galaxies in our sample. Davis et al. established the pitch angle distribution for their sample, which is identical to our late-type (spiral) galaxy sample. We then used the pitch angle and the Sérsic index distributions in order to estimate the SMBH mass function for our volume-limited sample. The observational simplicity of our approach relies on the empirical relation between the mass of the central SMBH and the Sérsic index for an early-type galaxy or the logarithmic spiral-arm pitch angle for a spiral galaxy. Our SMBH mass function agrees well at the high-mass end with previous values in the literature. At the low-mass end, although inconsistencies exist in previous works that still need to be resolved, our work is more in line with expectations based on modeling of black hole evolution.
Effects of a Cut, Lorentz-Boosted sky on the Angular Power Spectrum

The largest fluctuation in the observed CMB temperature field is the dipole, its origin being usually attributed to the Doppler Effect - the Earth's velocity with respect to the CMB rest frame. The lowest order boost correction to temperature multipolar coefficients appears only as a second order correction in the temperature power spectrum, $C_{\ell}$. Since v/c - 10-3, this effect can be safely ignored when estimating cosmological parameters [4-7]. However, by cutting our galaxy from the CMB sky we induce large-angle anisotropies in the data. In this case, the corrections to the cut-sky $C_{\ell}$s show up already at first order in the boost parameter. In this paper we investigate this issue and argue that this effect might turn out to be important when reconstructing the power spectrum from the cut-sky data.
THE FAINTEST RADIO SOURCE YET: EXPANDED VERY LARGE ARRAY OBSERVATIONS OF THE GRAVITATIONAL LENS SDSS J1004+4112

We present new radio observations of the large-separation gravitationally lensed quasar SDSS J1004+4112, taken in a total of 6 hr of observations with the Expanded Very Large Array. The maps reach a thermal noise level of approximately 4 μJy. We detect four of the five lensed images at the 15–35 μJy level, representing a source of intrinsic flux density, after allowing for lensing magnification, of about 1 μJy, intrinsically probably the faintest radio source yet detected. This reinforces the utility of gravitational lensing in potentially allowing us to study nJy-level sources before the advent of the Square Kilometre Array. In an optical observation taken three months after the radio observation, image C is the brightest image, whereas the radio map shows flux density ratios consistent with previous optical observations. Future observations separated by a time delay will give the intrinsic flux ratios of the images in this source.
Higher-Spin Interactions: three-point functions and beyond

This Thesis reviews some recent developments about higher-spin interactions in flat and constant curvature backgrounds. Particular attention is given to the ambient-space formulation of the problem, both at the cubic and at the quartic order, with some emphasis on the structure of the solution to the Noether procedure that can be expressed in terms of powers of the standard Yang Mills amplitudes. We also highlight how some aspects of String Theory appear to reflect key properties of Field Theory that go beyond its low energy limit.
Using Absorbable Sutures for Traumatic Wound Closure to Avoid Additional Hospital Visits for Suture Removal During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Introduction The COVID-19 pandemic worldwide forced governments to undertake intervention measures to encourage social distancing. Meanwhile, traumatic skin lacerations require multiple hospital visits for dressing changing and suture removal since they are usually repaired with non-absorbable sutures. These visits can be avoided by using absorbable sutures instead. However, absorbable sutures carry the “potential” risk of wound infection. In the current study, our first objective was to determine the non-inferiority of absorbable sutures regarding infection rate after repairing traumatic wound lacerations in comparison to the conventional non-absorbable ones. Our second objective was to evaluate the superiority of absorbable sutures in regard to postoperative clinic visits for suture removal and wound dressing compared to the non-absorbable ones. Methods A sample of 471 patients with traumatic skin lacerations was analyzed during the COVID-19 pandemic in April 2020. In the control group, wounds were repaired using non-absorbable sutures, while rapid-onset absorbable sutures were used in the treatment group. By conducting a phone/video call follow-up after 21 days, several parameters regarding infection signs and clinic visits were compared between both groups. Results A significant decrease in total trauma patients (45.4%) and those who required suturing (51.2%) was observed in April 2020 compared to the same month of the previous four years (p = 0.001 (2016), p = 0.027 (2017), p = 0.027 (2018), and p = 0.001 (2019)). Regarding wound infection, no statistically significant difference (p = 0.623) was observed between the absorbable (3.2%) and non-absorbable (4.9%) groups. Using absorbable sutures resulted in significantly (p < 0.001) fewer postoperative hospital visits compared to using non-absorbable sutures (mean: one versus three visits). Conclusion Using absorbable sutures to repair traumatic wound lacerations is safe regarding wound healing and infection rates. They also reduce postoperative hospital visits since they are not intended to be removed. Therefore, they should be considered during a pandemic to reduce hospital visits for suture removal, which will subsequently enhance social distancing and relieve hospital load.
Evaluation of aonla (Phyllanthus emblica) genotypes under semi-arid conditions

The present study was carried out to evaluate the aonla (Phyllanthus emblica L. syn. Emblica officinalis Gaertner) genotypes for their growth, yield and fruit quality attributes under the semi-arid condition. The evaluated genotypes had significant variability for the observed parameters. Chakaiya and BSR 1 were found comparatively less vigorous amongst selected genotypes. The number of male flowers, female flowers and total number of flowers, on 10 cm length of indeterminate branch varied from 650.67 to 1488.3, 4.33 to 12.33 and 657.0 to 1499.0, respectively. Sex ratio (male/female) ranged between 96.04 (NA 6) and 262.28 (S 1). Among the genotypes under investigation, NA 20 gave maximum yield, with higher fruit weight (54.96 g) and pulp per cent (93.87). TSS and TSS: acid ratio was observed higher in BSR 1. Total sugars, reducing sugars and non-reducing sugars content was found highest in genotype Krishna. Ascorbic acid and tannin content was recorded highest in Chakaiya and NA 10, respectively.
LONG-TERM SPECTRAL VARIATIONS OF ULTRALUMINOUS X-RAY SOURCES IN THE INTERACTING GALAXY SYSTEMS M 51 AND NGC 4490/85

Variable ultraluminous X-ray sources (ULXs), which are considered to be black hole binaries (BHBs), are known to show state transitions similar to Galactic BHBs. However, the relation between the ULX states and the Galactic BHB states is still unclear, primarily due to the less well-understood behaviors of ULXs in contrast to the Galactic BHBs. Here, we report a statistical X-ray spectral study of 34 energy spectra from seven bright ULXs in the interacting galaxy systems M 51 and NGC 4490/85, using archive data from multiple Chandra and XMM-Newton observations spanning a few years. In order to compare them with Galactic BHB states, we applied representative spectral models of BHBs—a power-law (PL), a multi-color disk blackbody (MCD), and a slim-disk model—to all the ULX spectra. We found a hint of a bimodal structure in the luminosity distribution of the samples, suggesting that ULXs have two states that respectively have typical luminosities of (3–6)× 1039 and (1.5–3)× 1039 ergs s−1. Most spectra in the brighter state are explained by the MCD or the slim-disk model, whereas those in the fainter state are explained by the PL model. In particular, the slim-disk model successfully explains the observed spectral variations of NGC 4490/85 ULX-6 and ULX-8 by changes of the mass accretion rate to a black hole of an estimated mass of <40 M☉. From the best-fit model parameters of each state, we speculate that the brighter state in these two ULXs corresponds to the brightest state of Galactic BHBs, which is often called the “apparently standard state. ” The fainter state of the ULXs has a PL-shaped spectrum, but the photon index range is much wider than that seen in any single state of Galactic BHBs. We thus speculate that it is a state unique to ULXs. Some sources show much fainter and steeper spectra than the faint state, which we identified as yet another state.
Improvement of Freeze-Dried Survival of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum Based on Cell Membrane Regulation

The cell membrane of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum is a key structure for cell survival. In this study, we aimed to improve the lyophilization resistance of L. plantarum by regulating the cell membrane structure. Unsaturated fatty acids or cell membrane-regulating substances were added during culturing to determine their effect on the composition of cell membrane fatty acids and the survival rate of the cells after freeze-drying. The results showed that Tween 80, β-carotene and melatonin increased the lyophilization survival rate of L. plantarum by 9.44, 14.53, and 18.34%, respectively. After adding a lyophilization protective agent at a concentration of 21.49% at a 1:1 ratio, a combination of Tween 80, melatonin, and β-carotene was added to regulate the cell membrane, which increased the lyophilization survival rate by 32.08–86.05%. This study proposes new research directions and ideas for improving the survival rate of probiotics for industrial production.
STAR FORMATION AND FEEDBACK IN SMOOTHED PARTICLE HYDRODYNAMIC SIMULATIONS. II. RESOLUTION EFFECTS

We examine the effect of mass and force resolution on a specific star formation (SF) recipe using a set of N-body/smooth particle hydrodynamic simulations of isolated galaxies. Our simulations span halo masses from 109 to 1013 M☉, more than 4 orders of magnitude in mass resolution, and 2 orders of magnitude in the gravitational softening length, ϵ, representing the force resolution. We examine the total global SF rate, the SF history, and the quantity of stellar feedback and compare the disk structure of the galaxies. Based on our analysis, we recommend using at least 104 particles each for the dark matter (DM) and gas component and a force resolution of ϵ ≈ 10−3Rvir when studying global SF and feedback. When the spatial distribution of stars is important, the number of gas and DM particles must be increased to at least 105 of each. Low-mass resolution simulations with fixed softening lengths show particularly weak stellar disks due to two-body heating. While decreasing spatial resolution in low-mass resolution simulations limits two-body effects, density and potential gradients cannot be sustained. Regardless of the softening, low-mass resolution simulations contain fewer high density regions where SF may occur. Galaxies of approximately 1010 M☉ display unique sensitivity to both mass and force resolution. This mass of galaxy has a shallow potential and is on the verge of forming a disk. The combination of these factors gives this galaxy the potential for strong gas outflows driven by supernova feedback and makes it particularly sensitive to any changes to the simulation parameters.
Disks and outflows in CO rovibrational emission from embedded, low-mass young stellar objects

Young circumstellar disks that are still embedded in dense molecular envelopes may differ from their older counterparts, but are historically difficult to study because emission from a disk can be confused with envelope or outflow emission. CO fundamental emission is a potentially powerful probe of the disk/wind structure within a few AU of young protostars. In this paper, we present high spectral (R = 90 000) and spatial (∼0. �� 3) resolution VLT/CRIRES M-band spectra of 18 low-mass young stellar objects (YSOs) with dense envelopes in nearby star-froming regions to explore the utility of CO fundamental (Δv = 1) 4.6 μm emission as a probe of very young disks. CO fundamental emission is detected from 14 of the YSOs in our sample. The emission line profiles show a range of strengths and shapes, but can generally be classified into a broad, warm component and a narrow, cool component. The broad
Ultra-low transmission loss (7.7 dB/km at 750 nm) inhibited-coupling guiding hollow-core photonic crystal fibers with a single ring of tubular lattice cladding

The advent of photonic bandgap (PBG) guiding hollow- core photonic crystal fiber (HC-PCF) sparked the hope of guiding light with attenuation below the fundamental silica Rayleigh scattering limit (SRSL) of conventional step-index fibers. Unfortunately, the combination of the strong core-cladding optical-overlap, the surface roughness at the silica cladding struts and the presence of interface-modes limited the lowest reported transmission-loss to 1.2 dB/km at 1550 nm. This hope is recently revived by the introduction of hypocycloid core- contour (i.e. negative curvature) in inhibited-coupling (IC) guiding HC-PCF, and the reduction of their confinement loss to a level that makes them serious contenders for light transmission below the SRSL in UV- VIS-NIR spectral range. Here, we report on several IC guiding HC-PCFs with a hypocycloid core-contour and a cladding structure made of a single ring from a tubular lattice. The fibers guide in the UV-VIS and NIR, and among which we list one with a record transmission loss of 7.7 dB/km at ~750 nm (only a factor ~2 above the SRSL), and a second with an ultra-broad fundamental-band with loss in the range of 10-20 dB/km spanning from 600 to 1200 nm. Both fibers present near-single mode guidance and very low bend loss sensitivity. The results show that the limit in the transmission is set by confinement loss for wavelengths longer than ~1 {\mu}m and by surface- roughness for shorter wavelengths, thus indicating that transmission loss well below the SRSL in the visible is possible with a surface roughness reduction and would open the possibility of the first UV low-loss light- guidance.
Students Perception towards English Online Classroom Via Zoom During the Covid-19 Pandemic

This study aimed at determining the perceptions of English Language Education students of Politeknik Negeri Ujung Pandang on English Learning class via Zoom during the Covid-19 pandemic. The qualitative descriptive method was carried out by distributing questionnaires using Google Form to 45 English online classrooms students at Politeknik Negeri Ujung Pandang after completing the learning process for 3 months. The results of this study show that (1) the use of Zoom application provides new experiences in online learning activities, (2) students can easily operate some of the Zoom application features, (3) the learning process expects students to use the Zoom application, (4) the Zoom application is one of the e-learning tools that can support online learning activities continuously, (5) the use of Zoom application because the classmates agree to use the Zoom application, and (6) students can use the Zoom application easily in carrying out of online learning activities.