Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Hormono-biological therapy in metastatic breast cancer: preclinical evidence, clinical studies and future directions

Breast cancer growth is regulated by coordinated actions of the estrogen receptor (ER) and various growth factor receptor signalling pathways. This complex interactive signalling potentially explains some of the reasons behind endocrine therapy action and resistance. Recent research into the molecular biology of ER signalling has revealed new molecular targets which, if present in cancer cells, might be additionally targeted using various signal transduction inhibitors to overcome or prevent resistance to endocrine therapy. The dynamic inverse relationship between the expression of ER and growth factor receptors brings more excitement to the potential of restoring ER expression in apparently ER-negative cells by inhibition of growth factor signalling. The multiple pathways involved in activating ERs also provide a rationale for combining endocrine and non-endocrine therapies that block different signalling pathways. Ongoing clinical trials promise to further improve the present care for breast cancer patients.
The Adverse Effects of Thalassemia Treatments Including Blood Transfusion and Main Pharmacological Therapies

A B S T R A C T Background: Beta-thalassemia major (β-TM) is a disorder which needs lifelong blood transfusions. Our aim was to examine the treatments side effects in thalassemic patients. Methods: 110 β-TM patients attending two centers were invited to the study. Those who consented were asked to complete a questionnaire. The questionnaire covered demographical information, used medications and their side effects. The data was analyzed using SPSS software version 14. Results: Data was collected between August 2008 and July 2009. Patients' age was 14.0±1.32 years. The duration of treatment was 11.3±7.5 years. Thalassemic patients received blood transfusions, deferoxamine and supportive medications. Number of medications, received by patients was 3.9±1.9. Hemosiderosis in heart (11%) and endocrine system (8%) were main blood transfusion side effects. A few had hepatitis B or C. Conclusion: Because of prevalence of side effects of therapies, reviewing and improving treatment protocol by designing new medicines with lower side effects and establishment of an adverse reactions team seemed necessary.
Risk Factors and the Biochemical Evaluation of Biliary Calculi in Rural Kolar, Karnataka, India: A Rural Perspective of an Urban Disease

Objective: To estimate the biochemical parameters which are responsible for the causation of biliary calculi, with risk factor correlation in Kolar district, Karnataka. Materials and Methods: Clinically diagnosed and postoperatively collected gall stones were analyzed to find their chemical composition, such as cholesterol, triglycerides and bilirubin and to evaluate the risk factors which were responsible for the causation of biliary calculi. Out of 4256 surgical admissions in our institute, gall stones were removed from fifty patients who presented with acute abdomen, who were confirmed to have calculus cholecystitis on sonography and these were selected for this study. A detailed history was taken from the patients to analyze the risk factors. The stones were analyzed for their composition; the serum of the patients was collected for analysis of fasting lipid and other serum parameters. Statistical analysis was done by using the SPSS package to find out the descriptive parameters. Results: The highest incidence was seen in patients in the age group of 41-50 years. The female to male ratio was 2.57:1. Among the risk factors, hyperlipidaemia was observed in 64% of the cases, 40% had a sedentary life style, 30% had a history of high fatty diet intake and 12% were on OCP’s. The biochemical analysis of the stones showed 68% patients to have mixed stones, with bilirubin being the major constituent of these stones. Bile culture was positive in 68% of the patients, with E.coli being the most common type of organism observed. Chronic cholecystitis was the most common histopathological finding. Conclusion: Only few studies have been done, which have considered the clinical, epidemiological and the biochemical analysis of gall stone in the south Indian urban population. This study adds to the knowledge of the gall stone risk factors in the rural parts of south India. However, more studies with respect to the pathogenesis of gall stones with more number of patients has to be done, to further conclude the gall stone analysis and the risk factors.
Socio- demographic correlates of overweight and obesity among adults in rural Meerut

Background: Obesity is most common nutritional disorder in developed countries and is assuming significant dimensions in developing countries. Objectives: To find out the prevalence of overweight and obesity in adults aged 18 years and above and socio-demographic factors affecting overweight and obesity in rural population of Meerut. To suggest measures for prevention of overweight and obesity in adults population of rural Meerut. Material and Methods: In present community based cross sectional study 1382 individuals aged 18 years and above were covered from 400 families spread over 5 villages with the help of systemic random sampling in rural area of Meerut District. The Individuals were interviewed and examined personally using Pre-designed and Pre-tested Questionnaire. Results: Out of 1382 individuals 244 (17.7%) were having BMI ≥ 25. Prevalence of obesity in females (22%) was found more than males (13.8%). Prevalence of Overweight and Obesity increased with advancing age, maximum being in age group 50-59 years (22.2%). Maximum numbers of males (19.9%) were overweight in their most productive life (30 -39 years) whereas maximum females were overweight in their menopausal decade i.e. 40-49 years (32.8%). Overweight was more in persons who were married (18.9%), professional/Technical person (33.3%), Savarna upper caste (23.1%), belonging to high standard of living index (21.0%), person living in joint families (18.2%), and Alcoholics (18.6%) while smokers were having lower prevalence of overweight (10.6%). Conclusion: The prevalence of Overweight and Obesity is increasing in adult population of rural area. Various socio-demographic correlates are affecting the prevalence of Overweight and Obesity in Rural population.
Violence Against Women in Disasters

Although data are limited, field reports indicate that reported violence against women increases in communities hit by environmental disasters. Seventy-seven Canadian and U.S. domestic violence programs participated in a study of organizational readiness, impact, and response employing a mail survey and open-ended telephone interviewing. Low levels of in-house emergency preparedness were found, but also strong interest in increasing disaster readiness. Those programs most severely impacted by disasters reported increased service demands, as long as 1 year after the event, and decreased organizational resources. Strategies are suggested for more fully engaging women's services in community-based disaster mitigation, planning, and response.
Bone Cement Implantation Syndrome: A Case Report and Literature Review

Cardiopulmonary dysfunction resulting from cement arthroplasty procedures is known as bone cement implantation syndrome (BCIS). Here we report the case of an 82-year-old woman who suffered from lethal progression of heart block after application of bone cement into the intertrochanteric area. The possible etiology, associated risk factors, and preventive measures for BCIS have been reviewed.
Constipation-related Migraine Is Linked To The Effect Of The Valsalva Maneuver On The Eye: A Case Report And A Mechanistic Review

Constipation-induced migraine finds rare mention in headache literature. In this self-report, I describe occurrence of pulsating migrainous headache after straining at stools. Surprisingly, reducing rise in intra-thoracic pressure by keeping the mouth open, and, limiting choroidal congestion by forcibly screwing the eyelids together during constipation-related Valsalva maneuver prevented further development of migraine attacks. Constipation is a very common human experience and should be regarded as an important precipitating factor in some migraine patients, particularly those who are found refractory to routine preventive strategies. Use of both adaptive maneuvers is suggested for migraine patients with severe constipation, whether or not they are aware of this potential pathogenetic link. I also describe my own migrainous positive scotoma and discuss the relevant mechanisms.
Inhibitors of sodium-hydrogen exchange as therapeutic agents for the treatment of heart disease

Na+-H+ exchanger (NHE) is a family of transporters of critical importance to the regulation of intracellular pH values, which act by removing protons in exchange for concomitant Na+ influx. There are at least eight isoforms in the NHE family that have thus far been cloned, which have been given the designation NHE-1 to NHE-8. NHE-1 is the so-called housekeeping isoform found in most tissues and is the major isoform in the cardiac cell. There is now very compelling evidence that its activation contributes to paradoxical induction of cell injury and NHE-1-selective inhibitors have been extensively demonstrated to possess excellent cardioprotective properties which appear to be superior to other strategies. Recent evidence also suggests that NHE inhibition may be conducive to attenuating the remodelling process after myocardial infarction, independently of infarct size reduction and attenuation of subsequent postinfarction heart failure. As such, inhibitors of NHE-1 offer substantial promise for clinical development for protecting the myocardium against acute injury as well as chronic postinfarction responses resulting in the evolution to heart failure. An evaluation of patent disclosures reveals a variety of NHE-1-specific inhibitors under development. Generally, these agents are guanidine compounds demonstrating relatively equal efficacy in terms of cardiac protection, although they differ substantially in terms of potency and selectivity towards NHE-1 versus other NHE isoforms. A large number of beneficial properties has been claimed for these compounds that could benefit conditions such as hypertension, atherosclerosis, shock, thrombosis, myocardial infarction, heart failure and others. However, based on experimental data, it is most likely that protection of the ischaemic and reperfused myocardium such as during coronary artery surgery, as well as limiting myocardial remodelling and heart failure, will emerge as the two primary targets for NHE-1 inhibitors in cardiovascular therapeutics.
Carences en folates chez les sujets âgés hospitalisés: fréquence, clinique, traitement, résultats thérapeutiques

Les auteurs trouvent chez 73% des 400 sujets âges etudies une carence en folate. Les troubles cliniques ne sont pas specifiques notamment les troubles psychiques. L'anemie macrocytaire est exceptionnelle chez le vieillard. Le dosage de l'acide folique etant delicat et onereux il est conseille un apport mensuel par voie parenterale lors de l'admission de tout sujet âge a l'hopital ou devant l'apparition de troubles psychiques chez le vieillard
A Retrospective Analysis of Hypopharynx carcinoma Cases Treated in Menia Cancer Center and Gharbia Cancer Society Egypt in the Period from 2007-2014

Purpose: The aim was to define all clinico-pathological data, different treatment modalities and to define the different prognostic factors which affect the locoregional control, distal metastatic disease, overall survival (OAS) and disease free survival (DFS). Patients and Methods: This is a retrospective study on 126 patients with hypopharyngeal cancer who were treated at the Gharbia Cancer Society and Menia Oncology Center from the year 2007to 20014. All patients with hypopharyngeal cancer with complete file data were eligible for this study. All the patients who were treated by either radical or post operative radiotherapy were treated in supine position and were planned through 2-D simulator, patients were treated by a dose of 50-70 Gy according to the patient tolerance together with concurrent cisplatin.Results:This research also observed that considerable statistical connection among surgical therapy, locoregional control, and survival averages. Patients who were treated by radical surgery had an excellent locoregional control than to other patients who were treated by radical radiotherapy, and they also had the best survival averages between all the other therapy groups. The intermediate 6 months DFS and OAS averages for all studied patients were 40.1% and 47.5% respectively, while 12 months survival rates were 20.9% and 15.2% respectively. The median DFS was 5 months and median OAS was 7 months. Conclusion: This study supports that radical surgical treatment and post operative radiotherapy is recommended as the treatment of choice for operable hypopharyngeal cancer. [Mohamed Mahmoud, and Sherweif Abdelfatah. A Retrospective Analysis of Hypopharynx carcinoma Cases Treated in Menia Cancer Center and Gharbia Cancer Society Egypt in the Period from 2007-2014. Cancer Biology 2019;9(3):61-65]. ISSN: 2150-1041 (print); ISSN: 2150-105X (online). http://www.cancerbio. net.8. doi:10.7537/marscbj090319.08.
A New Approach to Estimating Multilevel Factor Models

Dynamic factor models with a hierarchical loading structure have been useful big data technique to model group and between group relationships. The purpose of this paper is to pursue new methods of estimating these models based on the latest research in this area. My contributions are threefold: I will bring to the table new methodology to estimate multilevel dynamic factor models (MLDFMs). Also, I will provide a method of testing for breakpoints in the model parameters which could occur for a variety of reasons. Lastly, I will apply this application to a dataset of 60 countries and show while regional factors are increasing in importance, the idea of a global business cycle is not well supported by the data.
Efficient Post-Compromise Security Beyond One Group

Modern secure messaging protocols such as Signal [1] can offer strong security guarantees, in particular PostCompromise Security (PCS) [2]. The core PCS mechanism in these protocols is designed for pairwise communication, making it inefficient for large groups. To address this, recently proposed designs for secure group messaging, ART [3], IETF’s MLS Draft-07 [4]/TreeKEM [5], use group keys derived from tree structures to efficiently achieve PCS in large groups. In this work we explore the healing behaviors of the pairwise and group-key based approaches. We show that both approaches have inherent limitations to what they can heal, and that without additional mechanisms, both ART and TreeKEM/MLS Draft-07 offer significantly weaker PCS guarantees than those offered by groups based on pairwise PCS channels: for example, we show that if new users can be created dynamically, ART, TreeKEM, and MLS Draft-07 never fully heal authentication. The core underlying problem is that the scope of the healing in ART and MLS is limited to a single group. We lay out the design space of this complex healing problem to identify mechanisms that narrow the gap between the pairwise and group-key approaches, and provide stronger healing for both. Optimizing security and minimizing overhead leads us to a promising solution based on (i) global updates and (ii) post-compromise secure signatures. We provide a security definition for post-compromise secure signatures and an instantiation. Notably, our solution can also be used to improve the healing properties of pairwise protocols such as Signal towards new users who did not previously receive a message of a compromised user.
Mid-infrared photonic devices for on-chip optical gas sensing

Gas detection is crucial in a wide range of fields and applications, such as safety and process control in the industry, atmospheric sciences, and breath diagnostics. Optical gas sensing offers some key advantages, compared to other sensing methods such as electrochemical and semiconductor sensing: high specificity, fast response, and minimal drift. Wavelengths between 3 and 10 μm are of particular interest for gas sensing. This spectral range, called the mid-infrared (mid-IR), is also known as the fingerprint region, because several gas species can be identified by their sharp absorption lines in this region. The most relevant mid-IR-active gases are the trace gases carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), carbon monoxide (CO), ammonia (NH3), and nitrous oxide (N2O). They are greenhouse gases, contributing to global warming. They are waste products of human activities and widely used in agriculture and industry. Therefore, it is crucial to accurately and extensively monitor them. However, traditional optical gas sensors with a free-space optical path configuration, are too bulky, power-hungry, and expensive to be widely adopted. This thesis presents mid-IR integrated photonic devices that enable the on-chip integration of optical gas sensors, with a focus on CO2 sensing. The reported technologies address the fundamental sensor functionalities: lightgas interaction, infrared light generation, and infrared light detection. The thesis introduces a novel mid-IR silicon photonic waveguide that allows a light path as long as tens of centimeters to fit in a volume smaller than a few cubic millimeters. Mid-IR CO2 spectroscopy demonstrates the high sensing performance of the waveguide. The thesis also explores the refractive index sensing of CO2 with a mid-IR silicon photonic micro-ring resonator. Furthermore, the thesis proposes platinum nanowires as low-cost infrared light sources and detectors that can be easily integrated on photonic waveguides. Finally, the thesis presents a large-area infrared emitter fabricated by highspeed wire bonding and integrated in a non-dispersive infrared sensor for the detection of alcohol in breath. The technologies presented in this thesis are suited for cost-effective mass production and large-scale adoption. Miniaturized integrated optical gas sensors have the potential to become the main choice for an increasingly broad range of existing and new applications, such as portable, distributed, and networked environmental monitoring, and high-volume medical and consumer applications.
Bacteriological Study of Subclinical Mastitis in Batna and Setif Governorates Algeria

This study focused on the diagnosis of sub-clinical mastitis by the California Mastitis Test (CMT) and bacteriological analysis of milk samples. The identification of the bacterial strains was performed using API systems (API Staph, API Strep, API 20 E). It covered a total of 50 lacting dairy cows in Batna and Setif Governorates. The CMT results showed a positivity rate of 29.44% with a score 1-4 (i.e > 200,000 cells / ml). The bacteriological study revealed the isolation of 89 bacterial strains distributed as follows: 27 strains of staphylococci including 23 coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS) that are generally implicated in sub-clinical mastitis, 39 streptococcal strains including 10 strains of Lactococcus lactis ssp lactis, 23 strains of Enterobacteriaceae mainly represented by E.coli. The use of the CMT in association with the identification of the pathogenic bacterial strains gives a precise image on the health status of the bovine udder and the appropriate measures to apply to reduce the incidence of mastitis.
Reading Strategies of Iranian Postgraduate English Students Living at ESL Context in the First and Second Language

Usually, Iranian students are not good in English which is considered as their foreign language. In this study, the researcher tries to investigate L1 and L2 reading strategies of Iranian university students of different level of English proficiency. The students responded to a reading strategy questionnaire and a semistructured interview. The findings showed that advanced proficiency students used more strategies reading in L2 compared to the other group of students. There was an overlap in the types of strategies used for both L1 and L2 reading proficiency levels. At the end of this study, some implications for ESL/EFL reading strategy instruction are provided.
MOTIVATIONAL FACTORS OF CZECH CORPORATE EXPATRIATES TO AN INTERNATIONAL ASSIGNMENT

Expatriation has become a natural part of internationalization process for many companies and a source of their global success. The article presents the results of research focusing on expatriates assigned abroad from their parent organization based in the Czech Republic. Dataset of 164 Czech expatriates was analyzed with the aim to identify the motivational factors to relocate. Based on the findings, the motivational factors can be summarized as personal growth, professional growth and financial benefits. Personal and professional development were quantified as the most important determinants for expatriation. Family reasons proved to be very disunited factor depending on an individual situation.
Awareness, Knowledge and attitude towards dental fluorosis among the public living in Dharmapuri district, Tamilnadu, India after implementation of fluorosis mitigation project

A well known endemic fluorosis area Dharmapuri district in Tamilnadu, India with most of the people are suffering from various degrees of skeletal, dental and non skeletal fluorosis, knowledge and attitude towards dental fluorosis necessary in prevention and early intervention after implementation of fluorosis mitigation project were not studied before. Objective: to study the awareness, knowledge and attitude towards dental fluorosis among Dharmapuri public aged 12-25 years living in Dharmapuri district, Tamilnadu, India after implementation of fluorosis mitigation project. Methods: A cross-sectional study random sample of 1000 aged 12-25 years. Data of awareness, knowledge and attitude toward dental fluorosis was collected through interview questionnaires. Result: Among the participants 21% know about the dental fluorosis, 20% know about its signs, 18% believed that it could result from highly fluoridated ground water consumption, 12% aware preventable method. Furthermore, approximately 42% of participants aware of Hogenakkal water supply project. 54% think that project is for water scarcity management, only 7% aware the main reason behind the project is eradication of fluorosis and 52% embarrassed with their teeth colour. Conclusion: Though Hogenakkal water supply and fluorosis mitigation project implemented in Dharmapuri and Kirshnagiri districts since from 2008, poor knowledge about cause and unaware of prevention methods about dental fluorosis are relatively high in Dharmapuri people will leads to poor quality of life and ultimately failure of this entire mitigation project. So, it’s become imperative to provide sustainable and reliable Cauvery river water supply with appropriate extended fluorosis mitigation measures to all the remote areas, may likely to prevent dental fluorosis in future and improve the quality of life.
The Superiority of the LM Test in a Class of Models Where the Wald Test Performs Poorly; Including Nonlinear Regression, ARMA, GARCH, and Unobserved Components

In models having a representation ε β γ + • = ) , ( x g y the standard Wald test for β̂ has systematically wrong size in finite samples when the identifying parameter γ is small relative to its estimation error; Nelson and Startz (2007). Here we study the LM test based on linearization of (.) g which may be interpreted as an approximation to the exact test of Fieller (1954) for a ratio of regression coefficients, or as a reduced form test which is exact when g(.) is linear. We show that this test has nearly correct size in non-linear regression, ARMA, GARCH, and Unobserved Components models when the Wald test performs poorly.