Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Exploring the mechanisms of host-specificity of a hyperparasitic bacterium (Pasteuria spp.) with potential to control tropical root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.): insights from Caenorhabditis elegans

Plant-parasitic nematodes are important economic pests of a range of tropical crops. Strategies for managing these pests have relied on a range of approaches, including crop rotation, the utilization of genetic resistance, cultural techniques, and since the 1950’s the use of nematicides. Although nematicides have been hugely successful in controlling nematodes, their toxicity to humans, domestic animals, beneficial organisms, and the environment has raised concerns regarding their use. Alternatives are therefore being sought. The Pasteuria group of bacteria that form endospores has generated much interest among companies wanting to develop microbial biocontrol products. A major challenge in developing these bacteria as biocontrol agents is their host-specificity; one population of the bacterium can attach to and infect one population of plant-parasitic nematode but not another of the same species. Here we will review the mechanism by which infection is initiated with the adhesion of endospores to the nematode cuticle. To understand the genetics of the molecular processes between Pasteuria endospores and the nematode cuticle, the review focuses on the nature of the bacterial adhesins and how they interact with the nematode cuticle receptors by exploiting new insights gained from studies of bacterial infections of Carnorhabditis elegans. A new Velcro-like multiple adhesin model is proposed in which the cuticle surface coat, which has an important role in endospore adhesion, is a complex extracellular matrix containing glycans originating in seam cells. The genes associated with these seam cells appear to have a dual role by retaining some characteristics of stem cells.
Using the work of Jorge Luis Borges to identify and confront students’ misconceptions about infinity

In this article, we present a teaching design that uses the short story called The Library of Babel written by Jorge Luis Borges. The purpose of this didactic design was to identify and confront students' misconceptions about infinity. During the implementation of the teaching design, a misconception about infinity was identified, one where students equate very large quantities with infinity. As part of the design, students were orientated to discover by themselves that such conception of infinity is not adequate. Some students managed to notice this inconsistency, but in other cases the misconception persisted. This work represents a contribution to the efforts that have been made to use literary works as a tool to foster high school students’ understanding of mathematical notions.
Association Between Multi-Morbidities and Polypharmacy Among Older Adults at an Academic Medical Center in Saudi Arabia

Background: Polypharmacy, or the routine use of five or more medications, can result in impacting patients' quality of life. Objective: to examine the association between multi-morbidities and polypharmacy, and to examine prescription practices in the elderly. Methods: This is a retrospective cross-sectional study. Data were gathered from electronic medical records (EMR) at King Fahad University Hospital (KFHU) and the Family & Community Medicine Center (FCMC) of Imam Abdulrahman bin Faisal University (IAU), between January 1, 2019, and December 31, 2020. We included individuals aged 60 and above with at least one dispensed prescription in 2019 and 2020. Of the 76,216 patient records reviewed, 5,060 met the inclusion criteria. Polypharmacy was defined as a monthly average of five or more prescribed medications. The prevalence of polypharmacy was calculated by year, sex, and age group, and findings were summarized using mean medication numbers and standard deviations for each stratum. An app using R programming language was developed to help visualize patients' medication histories through interactive plots. Results: Polypharmacy prevalence was 46% in 2019 and 44.6% in 2020. The mean and standard deviation of medications per person was 5.17 (3.42) in 2019 and 5.04 (3.37) in 2020. Females had a higher average number of medications than males, 5.17 (3.47) vs 5.04 (3.32). The age group of 80-85 had the highest number of medications at 5.6 (3.6), while those aged 90 and above had the lowest number at 4.48 (2.64). The presence of comorbidities was positively associated with the mean monthly medication count (P value < 0.01). Conclusion: Our study revealed a high prevalence of polypharmacy among elderly patients at KFHU/FCMC, and a positive association with multi-morbidities. Consequently, measures must be taken to mitigate this globally emerging issue's impact and rapid progression.
Smart City in Indonesia: Review Studies and Lessons for Sumatra

Smart city is a concept that has gained increasing attention in Indonesia in recent years. This study uses bibliometric analysis to explore the development and trends of smart city research in Indonesia from 469 articles. The results show that the number of publications on smart city in Indonesia has increased significantly in recent years. Employing various bibliometric techniques, the study's results reveal key insights into the dynamics of Smart City research in Indonesia. The most prominent keywords reflect the multidisciplinary nature of the topic and its relevance to urban development, technology, governance, and environmental concerns. This study also found that in Sumatra, the development of Smart Cities is still in its early stages, but has the potential to improve the quality of life for citizens and address urban challenges. By comprehensively mapping the intellectual landscape of Smart City research in Indonesia, this research contributes to a better understanding of the key themes, trends, and collaborative networks shaping the discourse in this important domain.
Association Between Executive Dysfunction-Related Activities of Daily Living Disability and Clinical Dementia Rating Domain Patterns in Patients With Vascular Dementia and Age-Matched Patients With Alzheimer’s Dementia

Objective Although the Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR) scale was originally developed to stage Alzheimer’s dementia (AD), it is now used globally for various types of dementia. The aim of this study was to investigate the characteristic pattern of CDR domains and its association with neuropsychological findings and activities of daily living (ADL) in patients with vascular dementia (VaD) and patients with AD. Methods We recruited very mild to mild VaD and AD patients who were age-matched among the first visitors to a dementia clinic. All subjects underwent a standardized clinical interview, physical and neurological examinations, and laboratory tests, including brain magnetic resonance imaging, according to the protocol of the Korean version of the Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer’s Disease assessment battery. Results A total of 105 pairs of VaD and AD patients participated in this study. Although the adjusted scores on Korean version of the Mini-Mental State Examination were similar between the two groups, the VaD patients performed better on the Boston Naming Test, Word List Memory, Word List Recall, Word List Recognition, and Constructional Recall Test. However, the scores on global CDR, CDR sum of boxes, and ADL-related CDR domains were higher in VaD patients than in AD patients (p<0.001). The VaD patients also showed poor performances on the Disability Assessment for Dementia Scale, Frontal Assessment Battery, Executive Clock Drawing Task, and Stroop tests. Conclusion Despite similar general cognitive function and better memory function, patients with VaD tend to be staged as severer dementia on the CDR scale than patients with AD because of more impaired ADL associated with executive dysfunction.
Novel approach for quantitative and qualitative authors research profiling using feature fusion and tree-based learning approach

Article citation creates a link between the cited and citing articles and is used as a basis for several parameters like author and journal impact factor, H-index, i10 index, etc., for scientific achievements. Citations also include self-citation which refers to article citation by the author himself. Self-citation is important to evaluate an author’s research profile and has gained popularity recently. Although different criteria are found in the literature regarding appropriate self-citation, self-citation does have a huge impact on a researcher’s scientific profile. This study carries out two cases in this regard. In case 1, the qualitative aspect of the author’s profile is analyzed using hand-crafted feature engineering techniques. The sentiments conveyed through citations are integral in assessing research quality, as they can signify appreciation, critique, or serve as a foundation for further research. Analyzing sentiments within in-text citations remains a formidable challenge, even with the utilization of automated sentiment annotations. For this purpose, this study employs machine learning models using term frequency (TF) and term frequency-inverse document frequency (TF-IDF). Random forest using TF with Synthetic Minority Oversampling Technique (SMOTE) achieved a 0.9727 score of accuracy. Case 2 deals with quantitative analysis and investigates direct and indirect self-citation. In this study, the top 2% of researchers in 2020 is considered as a baseline. For this purpose, the data of the top 25 Pakistani researchers are manually retrieved from this dataset, in addition to the citation information from the Web of Science (WoS). The self-citation is estimated using the proposed model and results are compared with those obtained from WoS. Experimental results show a substantial difference between the two, as the ratio of self-citation from the proposed approach is higher than WoS. It is observed that the citations from the WoS for authors are overstated. For a comprehensive evaluation of the researcher's profile, both direct and indirect self-citation must be included.
The extent of the commitment of Saudi manufacturing firms to a budget and its impact on planning, controlling, and performance evaluation

The purpose of this study is to ascertain the extent of the commitment of manufacturing firms listed on the Saudi Exchange that generate raw materials to a budget and its impact on planning, controlling, and performance evaluation, and the significance of having all administrative divisions participate in the preparation of budgets. Questionnaires were developed to gather data to answer the research questions. The results revealed that the firms included in the study apply and prepare budgets regularly to use them effectively to control the production process and evaluate the performance of departments. They also use budgets to plan revenues and expenses. A budget uses outputs to address current deviations and faults to prevent future occurrence and improve the efficiency of the manufacturing processes. Some obstacles partially limit the budget's use for controlling and evaluating performance in some Saudi manufacturing firms. It is recommended that companies have a department that solely focuses on budgets, as it was found that some firms prepare budgets through financial and administrative departments and don’t have a designated department for budgets.
Psychometric Evaluation of a Persian Version of Beliefs about Emotions Scale in Community and Clinical Samples

Objective: This research is primarily conducted to determine the psychometric properties of the Beliefs about Emotions Scale (BES) in community and clinical samples. The BES is a scale measure used for evaluating individuals’ beliefs in terms of how acceptable it is for them to experience and express their emotions. Method : This study was conducted on two separate samples. In the first part, 300 individuals were selected from a general sample in Tehran using the quota sampling method. For the second part of the study, we used purposive sampling to gather data from 119 patients suffering from Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) and 121 patients from Somatic Symptoms Disorder (SSD), whose disorders were diagnosed based on the DSM-5 diagnostic criteria. The BES structural validity was examined through Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA). Additionally, test-retest composite and internal consistency indices were explored to investigate the reliability of the BES score. Finally, the associations of the BES score with the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), Young Schema Questionnaire (YSQ), Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale (MPS), Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS), and Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (ERQ) scores were highlighted to investigate the discriminant and convergent validity of the BES score. Results: According to CFAs, the one-factor model for the BES demonstrated a good fit with the data collected from both the clinical and community samples. The internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha) was satisfactory in the community sample (α = 0.84) and the clinical samples of SSD (α = 0.86) and MDD (α = 0.83). The community sample demonstrated high overall test-retest reliability (ICC = 0.93, P < 0.001; 95% CI: 0.89 - 0.95). In terms of convergent validity, the findings confirmed that in the MMD sample, there was a significant relationship between the BES and almost all measures (including Depression (r = 0.39, P < 0.01), Anxiety (r = 0.21, P < 0.05), Self-Sacrifice (r = 0.27, P < 0.01), MPS-total score (r = 0.22, P < 0.05), DERS total score (r = 0.50, P < 0.01), and Suppression (r = 0.38, P < 0.01). However, in the SSD group, this finding was not found. Conclusion: The results demonstrated that the Persian BES is a reliable and valid scale of maladaptive beliefs about emotions which could be implemented for both clinical and research aims.
ARTICLE-FINANCIAL INCLUSION AND ECONOMIC GROWTH IN SAUDI ARABIA: AN EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS

short-term and long-term impact on Saudi Arabia economy using secondary data for the period of 2004 to 2018. ARDL the Auto Regressive Distributed Lag for co-combination strategy and the Pairwise VAR Granger causality Wald tests were utilized to break down the targets of the study. The study reveals that an expansion in the broad money, domestic credit to the private area by banks and loan-to-deposit proportion in commercial banks lead to a huge impact on the monetary development over the long haul. An expansion in GDP per capita, money supply and internet usage lead to significant impact in the financial inclusion the long run. The Pairwise VAR Granger causality Wald tests indicator affirms the significant relationship between the different components of GDP and financial inclusion and show a unidirectional causes and effects between broad money, loan-to-deposit proportion in banks, domestic credit to private area by banks and GDP. Likewise, a unidirectional causality was found between cash flexibility and financial inclusion. Increasing the attention of financial literacy, expanding the access of accessible financial services, advancing the online clients, and increment in the number of adults with bank accounts would improve the financial inclusion in Saudi Arabia
Low Prevalence of Asymptomatic Malaria in Pregnancy among Subjects Attending Antenatal Clinic at a Tertiary Hospital in Bauchi, Nigeria: A Preliminary Report

Background: Asymptomatic malaria in pregnancy still posed clinical challenge and diagnostic problem. The preventive measures are often advocated during antenatal visits. This study assessed the prevalence of asymptomatic malaria in pregnancy among subjects attending ante-natal clinics. Methodology: The cross-sectional study was conducted among 140 volunteer asymptomatic pregnant women attending antenatal clinics at Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University Teaching Hospital (ATBUTH) between July and September 2017. A structured questionnaire was used to obtain data on sociodemography, obstetric history and malaria control practices from the subjects following an informed consent. They were subjected to malaria screening by rapid diagnostic test (RDT) and Giemsa-stained blood smears were prepared for RDT-positive subjects. The malaria positive subjects were treated according to national treatment guidelines on malaria in pregnancy. Results: The overall mean (standard deviation) age of the 140 subjects was 24.2 (±10.3) years with majority within the age group of 27-32 years (41.4%, 58/140; p<0.05). Only three of the 140 subjects had malaria parasitaemia giving a prevalence of 2.1% (3/140). Among all the variables analyzed, malaria in pregnancy was associated with only older age (p<0.05) in the present study. Conclusion: The study revealed low prevalence of asymptomatic malaria among pregnant women attending ATBUTH, Nigeria and could be attributed to the satisfactory ante-natal and malaria prevention practices. However, elaborate epidemiological studies are required to ascertain the finding.
Gastrointestinal Parasite Infections and Environmental Sustainability of the Ovine Sector: Eimeria spp. Infections and Nitrogen and Phosphorus Excretions in Dairy Sheep in Italy

In sheep farming, gastrointestinal parasites can be responsible for significant reductions in animal health and production. Nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) fecal excretions are the main determining factors for N2O emissions from manure management and may pose other environmental problems, such as the acidification and eutrophication of natural habitats. By using the Mini-FLOTAC technique on fecal samples from sheep of different ages and physiological status from 19 dairy sheep farms in Tuscany (central Italy), gastrointestinal parasite infections were evaluated. The animal N and P fecal contents were also assessed, with the aim of evaluating possible relationships between the identified parasites and the environmental sustainability of the examined farms. The obtained results showed that Eimeria spp. (86.36%) and gastrointestinal strongyle (54.55%) infections are prevalent in the examined farms. Moreover, significantly higher (p ≤ 0.05) P and Eimeria oocyst/gram-of-feces (OPG) values were found in fecal samples from animals < 1 year of age, and a significant (p ≤ 0.05) positive correlation resulted between N content and Eimeria OPG in fecal samples from animals in the first month of lactation. The findings from this study suggest for the first time that Eimeria spp. infections may have an impact on the environmental sustainability of sheep farming.
Cervical Cancer Screening Barriers Among Citizens of Jeddah

Introduction: The cervix, a cylindrical structure made of stroma and epithelium, is the lowest point of the uterus. A tissue-proven biopsy of the cervix with histological confirmation is necessary for aberrant cytologic results of Papanicolaou (Pap) smears to rule out cervical cancer. This study investigates barriers to cervical cancer screening among women. Methodology: A cross-sectional study including 665 Saudi Arabian women residing in Jeddah between the ages of 21 and 65 years was carried out from May to November 2023. A four-part online survey was used to gather the data, which included questions about demographics, cervical cancer screening status, screening barriers, and predictors of cervical cancer screening. Results: The most common barrier to Pap test screening was "have not been to a doctor/no regular provider" (39.7%, N = 251), followed by "lack of provider recommendation/or limited or no information in the community" (30.4%, N = 192) and "low priority/did not perceive need/being healthy" (27.7%, N = 175). Conclusion: The study provides valuable insights into the factors influencing cervical cancer screening in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. The low prevalence of screening indicates a need for increased awareness and targeted interventions to improve uptake.
Development of the 2Gather Mobile Apps and its Analysis of The Tourism Sector's Potential

Traveling will be more enjoyable if one has friends who regularly share vacation moments with them. Aside from that, it can be a fantastic opportunity to learn new skills such as language, and local culture. This research aims to fulfill the needs of solo travelers, which is travel-social platform that connects users to meet and socialize, allowing them to make friends while traveling throughout Indonesia. The research was conducted out through a combination of structured workflow and development tools. to be able to develop and build a mobile site that is organized and easier, we need to implement what is called "Software Development Life Cycle" or SDLC in early development. In this research, People's desire to travel has been indirectly triggered by the emergence of the phenomenon of revenge traveling because of the Covid-19 pandemic. Furthermore, the current trend in people's vacation styles has shifted to the point where they feel more confident when traveling in groups because tourists are looking for new travel experiences while staying within their budget. Nonetheless, they face difficulties, such as the difficulty of making new friends who share their interests and dream destinations. To address this issue, 2Gather has launched a travel-social platform where users can meet, socialize, and make friends all over Indonesia, allowing them to travel together in a safe, comfortable, and enjoyable experience. 2Gather leave no stone unturned to give our user the best functionalities in the app.
Direct Effects of Marital Empathy, Body Image, and Perceived Social Support on Quality of Life of Married Women with Breast Cancer and the Mediating Role of Perceived Marital Quality

Objective: Breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer in women worldwide, and its incidence has increased recently. Diagnosing cancer can create many challenges, especially for married women. The aim of the present study was thus to evaluate the effect of the relationships among marital empathy, body image, and perceived social support on quality of life (QoL) and the mediating role of perceived marital quality. Method : Married women with breast cancer (N = 160) were selected through purposive accessible sampling. Measures included body image scale, Batson empathy adjectives, multidimensional scale of perceived social support, perceived marital quality, and QoL. The research method was descriptive-correlational and using structural equation modeling. Results: The best model obtained showed that all predictors directly predicted QoL: marital empathy, body image, and perceived social support (P < 0.001). Predictors (except for perceived social support by family, friends, and others) also worked indirectly through perceived marital quality to predict QoL (P < 0.001). Conclusion: Several variables predicted QoL for women with breast cancer, including body image and marital empathy. Most of such variables had both a direct effect and an indirect effect, working through perceived marital quality to affect QoL. Social support, however, had only a direct effect on QoL.