Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Study on Flaking Process in Bearings by White Etching Area Generation

White etching area (WEA) is widely known as a microstructural change caused by rolling contact fatigue of a bearing. It has been reported that early flaking accompanied by the WEA occurred in such bearings as those for automotive alternators, and effective measures have been demanded. The WEA type microstructural change has so far been studied in detail, particularly for butterfly, which was metallographically characterized as follows: First, the WEA coexists with microcracks, which was initiated by nonmetallic inclusions and extended at the angle of 45 deg to the raceway. Second, according to the TEM study, the WEA consists of ultrafine grain as small as approximately 10 nm in diameter. The authors want to establish a counter measure against the early flaking from a material side. Its realization requires the clarification of flaking processes, especially the cause-effect relationship between microcrack and WEA, so that an appropriate measure is taken in the prevention of microcrack or WEA itself. In this study, high carbon chromium bearing steel (JIS SUJ2) specimens containing voids with a few µm diameter were prepared through powder metallurgy, and were subjected to rolling contact fatigue tests by thrust-type testers. Many 45 deg microcracks and WEA initiated by the voids were successfully reproduced just below the raceway. It was found by observation that a microcrack forms first and then WEA generation follows. In addition, the stress analysis by computer simulations found out that WEA generates only in the hydrostatic compressive region localized by the presence of the microcrack. Therefore, WEA in rolling contact fatigue is a secondary phenomenon preceded by a microcrack. It was concluded that an effective counter measure against the early flaking with WEA is to improve the resistance to microcrack initiation during rolling contact fatigue.
GAN-Leaks: A Taxonomy of Membership Inference Attacks against Generative Models

Deep learning has achieved overwhelming success, spanning from discriminative models to generative models. In particular, deep generative models have facilitated a new level of performance in a myriad of areas, ranging from media manipulation to sanitized dataset generation. Despite the great success, the potential risks of privacy breach caused by generative models have not been analyzed systematically. In this paper, we focus on membership inference attack against deep generative models that reveals information about the training data used for victim models. Specifically, we present the first taxonomy of membership inference attacks, encompassing not only existing attacks but also our novel ones. In addition, we propose the first generic attack model that can be instantiated in a large range of settings and is applicable to various kinds of deep generative models. Moreover, we provide a theoretically grounded attack calibration technique, which consistently boosts the attack performance in all cases, across different attack settings, data modalities, and training configurations. We complement the systematic analysis of attack performance by a comprehensive experimental study, that investigates the effectiveness of various attacks w.r. t. model type and training configurations, over three diverse application scenarios (i.e., images, medical data, and location data).
The Impact of Migration on Foreign Trade in Bolivia

A pesar de que la relacion entre migracion y comercio exterior no fue extensivamente estudiada, resultados empiricos muestran que se pueden perder importantes factores determinantes de comercio pueden ser omitidos si factores adicionales, incluyendo la migracion, no son considerados. Este documento testea la significancia de la migracion sobre el comercio internacional en una economia pequena como Bolivia. Testeamos el impacto de inmigracion asi como emigracion sobre importaciones, exportaciones y comercio intra-industria. Utilizamos modelos de gravedad para este fin. Controlamos por tamano de la economia, ubicacion geografica de los paises con los cuales se comercia y cambios en los terminos de intercambio. Los resultados muestran un impacto relativamente similar de la emigracion e inmigracion sobre el comercio; confirmando tambien para Bolivia, el efecto positivo encontrado en la literatura. A pesar que los flujos migratorios no son tan grandes como los que existen en otros paises. La elasticidad de importaciones es ligeramente superior, sin embargo todas las elasticidades estimadas se encuentran cercanas a los valores encontrados en la literatura. Encontramos un efecto positivo de los flujos de migracion tambien en el comercio intra-industria, sorprendentemente el impacto es mayor en el flujo de emigrantes que en el flujo de inmigrantes. Las estimaciones muestran que existe un efecto positivo de la migracion sobre el comercio internacional aun si la proporcion de migrantes es relativamente baja.
Jahnula species from North and Central America, including three new species.

Three new species of loculoascomycetes collected from freshwater habitats in North America are described as new species of Jahnula ( Jahnulales, Dothideomycetes). All three share these morphological features: hyaline to blackish translucent, membranous ascomata with subtending, wide, septate brown, spreading hyphae; peridia composed of large angular cells; hamathecium of septate pseudoparaphyses; 8-spored, clavate to cylindrical asci; and 1-septate, broadly fusiform, brown, multiguttulate ascospores. Four additional species, J. aquatica, J. bipolaris, J. potamophila, and J. seychellensis, are reported for the first time from the western hemisphere.
Performance changes following a field conditioning program in junior and senior rugby league players.

Gabbett, T. J. Performance changes following a field conditioning program in junior and senior rugby league players. J. Strength Cond. Res. 20(1):215-221. 2006. -This study investigated training loads, injury rates, and physical performance changes associated with a field conditioning program in junior and senior rugby league players. Thirty-six junior (16.9 [95% confidence interval: 16.7-17.1] years) and 41 senior (25.5 [23.6- 27.3] years) rugby league players participated in a 14-week preseason training program that included 2 field training sessions each week. Subjects performed measurements of standard anthropometry (height, body mass, and sum of 7 skinfolds), muscular power (vertical jump), speed (10-, 20-, and 40-m sprint), agility (L run), and maximal aerobic power (multistage fitness test) before and after training. Improvements in agility, muscular power, and maximal aerobic power were observed in both the junior and senior players following training; however, the improvement in maximal aerobic power and muscular power were greatest in the junior players. Training loads and injury rates were higher in the senior players. These findings demonstrate that junior and senior rugby league players adapt differently to a given training stimulus and that training programs should be modified to accommodate differences in training age.
EUCRICETODON ASIATICUS (MATTHEW AND GRANGER), AN OLIGOCENE RODENT (CRICETIDAE)

Eumys asiaticus was described by Matthew and Granger, based on specimens collected from the Hsanda Gol Formation, Mongolia in the 1920's by the Central Asiatic Expedition of the American Museum of Natural History. Later collections from the same area provide additional char- acters for systematic evaluation of this cricetid rodent. E. asiaticus shows more features in common with the genus Eucricetodon of Europe than with the genus Eumys of North America. It is reassigned to Eucricetodon based primarily on 1) shape of the infraorbital foramen and inclination of the anterior plate of the zygoma, 2) surface ornamentation of the incisor, and 3) presence of a small metacone and hypocone on M3.
Relationship between Job Satisfaction and Turnover Intention: Evidence from Bangladesh

Nowadays job satisfaction and turnover intention are the most important and widely researched variables. Job satisfaction increases loyalty and professional commitment to the organization which leads to productivity. On the other hand, the turnover intention has serious negative consequences for effective organizational operations. The purpose of this exploratory study is to find out the relationship between job satisfaction and turnover intention of employees working in some selected sectors in Comilla, Bangladesh. The study considered a sample of 355 employees across various sectors to find out the different opinions about the levels of their satisfaction related factors and turnover intention. For the purpose of in-depth analysis, statistical tools, inter-correlation matrix, and multiple regression techniques had been used. The results indicate that there were a significant inverse relationship between job security-turnover intention, pay-turnover intention, and promotion-turnover intention. The results will help organizations understand how to address employees’ demands and concerns toward their jobs and discover successful ways of retaining them. This in turn will reduce the turnover rate and the associated costs.
Groupwork researchers as ‘temporary insiders’

This paper aims to build the evidence base for groupwork through an exploration of the potential for participant observation in groups. The value of the participant observation method is considered by presenting the available literature and by analysing its use with a particular group. The group used as a case example is one for parents and carers experiencing difficulties with the behaviour of their adolescent children, and it illustrates both the dilemmas and the opportunities of participant observation. This group’s structure is described in detail to provide the backcloth against which the observation took place and to link the process of participant evaluation with the specific detail of the group programme.The paper develops a variant of the notion of the participant observer, in this case as an active temporary insider in the group, in which the process of independent evaluation by a person external to the group inevitably becomes part of the group process itself. There is discussion of how best to use this characteristic of participant observation, concluding with some guidelines emerging from the research. The guidance is intended to aid temporary insiders to provide independent evaluation and to build the evidence base. The paper is a collaboration between a groupwork academic and a groupwork practitioner.
Differences of foraging behavior between provenances of Pinus massoniana in heterogeneous nutrient environment

Three provenances of Pinus massoniana with different phosphorus using efficiency including Xinyi of Guangdong,Wuping of Fujian and Cenxi of Guangxi were selected to investigate the foraging mechanism in heterogeneous nutrient environments and foraging behavior differences among the three provenances.In heterogeneous environment,larger seedling height,greater stem diameter,enhanced photosynthesis ability and higher dry matter accumulation were observed in comparison with homogeneous environment.These results suggested that root morphological plasticity and physiological plasticity of Pinus massoniana play an important role in acquiring nutrients in heterogeneous environment.It was root proliferation and effective absorption of N,P,K in rich nutrient patch that increase the foraging ability of Pinus massoniana in heterogeneous nutrient environment.Foraging nutrient of Pinus massoniana in heterogeneous environment mainly depended on the proliferation and elongation of lateral roots during initial stage of root colonization in riched-nutrient patch,and then depend on increase of new lateral roots and amount and density of fibrous root.Higher efficiency of nutrient acquisition of root in heterogeneous nutrient environment mainly attributed to large absorption of N,P,K in rich nutrient patch.Based on synthetical comparing analysis,Cenxi of Guangxi and Wuping of Fujian were superior to Xinyi of Guangdong with higher foraging ability and competitive advantage in heterogeneous environment.
Experimental Study and Modeling of Yield Power-Law Fluid Flow in Pipes,and Annuli

At the last TUDRP Advisory Board Meeting (May 2005), the first report that covered flow loop development activities and experimental investigations was presented. The dynamic testing facility (DTF) was modified to conduct rheology and hydraulic investigations on both compressible and incompressible fluids. Flow loop instrumentations and data acquisition system were installed. A limited number of experiments were also carried out with bentonite muds. Due to experimental difficulties, bentonite muds were not considered in the current investigation. This is the second report, which presents results of modeling and experimental investigations on laminar flow of Yield Power-Law (YPL) fluids in pipes and annuli. The effects of pipe eccentricity, diameter ratio and fluid rheology on friction pressure loss are studied in depth. A block diagram that outlines the structure of the current investigation is shown in Fig. 1. Extensive flow experiments with polymer-based fluids were carried out using the dynamic testing facility (Fig. 2). Different formulations of test fluids were prepared by varying concentrations of Xanthan Gum (XCD) and Polyanionic Cellulose (PAC). Eccentricities of the annular test sections were varied from 0% to 100%. Annular test sections with four different diameter ratios (Table 1) were investigated. Test sections were arranged in two different ways: i) three-pipe and one-annulus configuration and ii) three-annulus and one-pipe configuration. Three pipe sections (viscometers) were used to determine fluid rheology and verify the absence of wall slip. Flow rate was varied from 0.024 gpm to 21.91 gpm [0.09 l/min to 82.82 l/min]. Test temperatures and pressures were ranging from 82°F to 113°F [27.78°C to 45°C] and from 20.94 psi to 193.2 psi [144.37 KPa to 1332 KPa]. TUDRP
Effect of N, P, K fertilization on young citrus tree growth, fruit yield and quality in area of red soil

A pot experiment in greenhouse was conducted to study on influence of N, P and K fertilization on young citrus tree growth and fruit yield and quality during 1999 to 2001.The results showed that the OPT treatment(Balanced fertilization, the rate g/(kg·a): N 0.15、P 0.05、K 0.15、Ca 0.23、Mg 0.0326、B 0.0006、Zn 0.004、Mo 0.0016、Cu 0.0005) increased leaf number and leaf weight and great affected on citrus tree shoot growth. The shoot growth without N, P and K treatments was only 14.5%, 74.5% and 91.6% compared with OPT treatments, respectively. Fertilization also influenced on citrus flowering and fruiting. The numbers of flower without N, P and K treatments were only 28.9%, 89.8% and 91.9% of OPT treatment, the fruiting rate were only 24.3%, 83.3% and 93.0% of OPT treatments and the yield of fruits decreased by 22.2%, 16.8% and 21.2%, respectively. The trial also found that some quality parameters especially orange appearance and commercial quality was affected by N, P and K fertilization. For N, P and K fertilizers, N had the greatest influence on citrus tree growth, and K showed the little response on nutritional growth stage. However, N and K had more influence on orange yield and quality than that of P. Three years study indicated that N, P, and K fertilization significantly promoted citrus growth in young stage and improved both fruit yield and quality as well.
The Role of Parent-Child Relationships in Developing Self-Authorship Among Korean College Females

The purpose of our study is to explore dynamic mechanisms within families and self-authored decisions among Korean female college students. In particular, we investigated how parent-child interactions influence the development of self-authorship and self-authored decisions within Korean culture through interviews with 14 female college students. Results showed unique cultural influences on how female college students interacted with parents and interpreted and reflected parents' opinions in their self-authored decisions. These results suggest further research on gender differences and complex family influences on self-authored decisions within cultural contexts.
Extended Follow-Up and Analysis with Central Radiological Review of Patients Receiving FavId® (Id/KLH) Vaccine Following Rituximab.

Background: Idiotype vaccination (Id/KLH) is a promising approach to the treatment of patients (pts) with B-cell malignancies. Our experience suggests that Id/KLH may function best in pts with lower tumor burden who are less heavily pretreated. We have conducted a phase II trial of Id/KLH following cytoreduction with rituximab in patients with treatment naive (TN) or relapsed/refractory (R/R) follicular NHL (FL). Treatment: Pts received rituximab, 375mg/m2, IV, weekly x 4, wk 1–4. Pts with without progression received Id/KLH, 1 mg, SQ, monthly x 6, starting on wk 12, with GM-CSF, 250 mcg, SQ, on days 1–4. Pts could receive booster Id/KLH on a reduced schedule until disease progression. Results: One hundred three pts were enrolled and received rituximab; 89 pts received Id/KLH. The last patient was registered in Dec 2003. Among these 89 evaluable pts, 55 were R/R to prior therapy, and 34 were TN. The overall response rate (ORR) following rituximab (assessed at month 3 based on a centralized read of CT scans) was 49% (44/89). Following Id/KLH, the ORR improved to 64% (57/89). The median time for improved response following initiation of Id/KLH treatment was 6.6 months (range 5.8 – 23.4 months) which was consistent with the time required to demonstrate an immune response in those pts tested. Prognostic factors for time to tumor progression (TTP) were evaluated and demonstrated a significant negative relationship for liver involvement (hazard ratio; HR = 9.3, p=0.0017) and 3 or more prior regimens (HR=4.7, p=0.0035). Median TTP has not been reached in the TN group (N=34) and in pts who relapsed after prior chemotherapy (N=26), with an actuarial 18 month progression free survival rate of 69% and 70%, respectively. The group of pts who would be eligible for the ongoing phase 3 randomized registration study (N=71) of rituximab followed by Id/KLH have also not reached median TTP. T-cell responses to both Id and KLH were observed in 80% and 86% of pts respectively (N=15) and were seen after a median of 2 doses of Id/KLH. Likewise, antibody responses to Id and KLH were seen in 13% and 69% respectively (N=23) and developed after a median of 5 to 6 doses of Id/KLH. Conclusion: Id/KLH, administered following rituximab to pts with FL, appears to result in an increase in the response rate and TTP compared to that reported for rituximab alone. We also observed a high rate of cellular immunity against idiotype following Id/KLH. These data support the design of an ongoing PIII clinical study of Id/KLH following rituximab which excluded pts with poor prognostic indicators.
Assessment of potential distribution of Bactrocera dorsalis in the world based on predictive species distribution models

Bactrocera dorsalis,a worldwide quarantine insect pest,had great danger to more than 250 kinds of fruits and vegetables.The original distribution locations were collected in this investigation,then the MAXENT and GARP models were applied to predict the potential distribution of Bactrocera dorsalis around the world.Central and south parts of Africa were the original area of the pest.According to the results of the two models,the main areas of the pest potential distribution were similar,including south part of North America,north,central and east parts of South America,south part of Asia and the coastal region of Oceania.ROC curve was used to evaluate the accuracy of the models,the AUC value of MAXENT was 0.82,while that of GARP was 0.92,which indicated that the GARP model was more accurate than MAXENT.The results suggested that the models could be useful in determination and prevention of Bactrocera dorsalis.
Factors Contributing to Maternal Mortality in North-Central Nigeria: A Seventeen-year Review

Maternal mortality ratio in Nigeria is one of the highest in the world. This paper reports a facility based study in northcentral Nigeria to determine the magnitude, trends, causes and characteristics of maternal deaths before and after the launch of the Safe Motherhood Initiative in Nigeria, with a view to suggesting strategic interventions to reduce these deaths. The records of all deliveries and case files of all women who died during pregnancy and childbirth between January 1, 1985 and December 31, 2001, in the maternity unit of Jos University Teaching Hospital, Jos, Nigeria, were reviewed. Data collected were analysed for socio-biological variables including age, booking status, educational level, parity, ethnic group, marital status, mode of delivery, duration of hospital stay before death occurred, cause (s) of maternal deaths. There were 38,768 deliveries and 267 maternal deaths during the period under review, giving a maternal mortality ratio (MMR) of 740/100,000 total deliveries. The trend fluctuated between 450 in 1990 and 1,010/100.000 deliveries in 1994. The mean age of maternal death was 26.4 (SD 8.1) years. The greatest risk of MMR was among young teenagers (>15 years) and older women (< 40 years). Parity-specific maternal mortality ratio was highest in the grand multiparous women. Unbooked as well as illiterate women were associated with very high maternal mortality ratio. The Hausa - Fulani ethnic group contributed the largest number (44%) by tribe to maternal mortality in our study. The major direct causes of deaths were haemorrhage (34.6%), sepsis (28.3%), eclampsia (23.6%) and unsafe abortion (9.6%). The most common indirect causes of death were hepatitis (18.6%), anaesthetic death (14.6%), anaemia in pregnancy (14.6%), meningitis (12.0%), HIV/AIDS (10.6%) and acute renal failure (8.0%). Seventy- nine percent of the maternal deaths occurred within 24 hours of admission. Most of the deaths were preventable. A regional-specific programme should be planned to reduce the deplorably high maternal mortality in northcentral Nigeria. ( Afr J Reprod Health 2005; 9[3]:27-40) Keywords: MMR, age, parity, illiteracy, haemorrhage, eclampsia, abortion, Nigeria
A Three-step General Map Matching Method in the GIS Environment: Travel/Transportation Study Perspective

Despite its application in many fields, map matching in studies of travel/transport geography is unique in two aspects: 1) The correct road links traversed by the traveler need to be unambiguously identified; 2) All the identified links should form a meaningful travel route. This paper discusses the application of map matching methodologies in the context of deriving people’s travel behavior from GPS-traced multi-modal trip data. In recognition of the disadvantages associated with the existing algorithms, this research proposed and implemented a heterogeneous map matching approach suitable for travel/activity research needs which is uniquely characterized by: 1) data preprocessing with point cluster reduction and density leverage; 2) offering the candidate solution within a pool of “the best”; 3) the balancing of matching results from multiple matching factors with rank aggregation; 4) Utilizing the network constraint attributes to increase the matching accuracy; and 5) Use of the Dempster belief test to discern the noise and off-road travel.