Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
THE EQUILIBRIUM STRUCTURE OF PROLATE MAGNETIZED MOLECULAR CORES

The structure of molecular cloud cores supported by thermal pressure and a poloidal magnetic field is reinvestigated in the magnetohydrostatic and axisymmetric approximation. In addition to oblate configurations found in earlier work, solutions yielding prolate spheroidal shapes have also been obtained for a reference state described by a uniform sphere threaded by a uniform background magnetic field. The solutions for prolate configurations are found to be relevant for lower masses than for their oblate counterparts. Of particular importance is the result that the prolate cloud cores have radii less than a maximum given by , where a is the sound speed and Pext is the external pressure of the background medium. The existence of such solutions obviates the presence of toroidal fields in such modeled structures.
Ionization state of inter-stellar medium in galaxies: evolution, SFR-M * -Z dependence, and ionizing photon escape

We present a systematic study for ionization state of inter-stellar medium in galaxies at z=0-3 with ~140,000 SDSS galaxies and 108 intermediate to high redshift galaxies from the literature, using an ionization-parameter sensitive line ratio of [OIII]5007/[OII]3727 and photoionization models. We confirm that z=2-3 galaxies show an [OIII]/[OII] ratio significantly higher than a typical star-forming galaxy of SDSS by a factor of >~10, and the photoionization models reveal that these high-z galaxies have an ionization parameter of log(qion/cm s^{-1})~7.6-9.0, a factor of ~4-10 higher than local galaxies. For galaxies at any redshift, we identify a correlation between the [OIII]/[OII] ratio and galaxy global properties of star-formation rate (SFR), stellar mass (M_star), and metallicity (Z). We extend the fundamental metallicity relation (FMR) and develop the fundamental ionization relation (FIR), a four-dimensional relation of ionization parameter, SFR, M_star, and Z. The intermediate and high-z galaxies up to z~3 follow the FIR defined with the local galaxies, in contrast with the FMR whose possible evolution from z~2 to 3 is reported. We find that the FMR evolution of z~2-3 appears, if one omits ionization parameter differences, and that the FMR evolution does not exist for an average metallicity solution of z~3 galaxies with a high-ionization parameter. Interestingly, all of two local Lyman-continuum emitting galaxies (LyC leakers) have a high [OIII]/[OII] ratio, indicating a positive correlation between [OIII]/[OII] and ionizing photon escape fraction (fesc), which is successfully explained by our photoionization models. Because [OIII]/[OII] ratios of z~2-3 galaxies, especially Ly-alpha emitters (LAEs), are comparable to, or higher than, those of the local LyC leakers, these high-z galaxies are candidates of Lyman-continuum emitting objects. (abridged)
The Roles of microRNA miR-185 in Digestive Tract Cancers

Digestive tract cancers represent a serious public health issue. In recent years, evidence has accumulated that microRNA miR-185 is implicated in the pathogenesis of this group of highly malignant tumors. Its expression variations correlate with clinical features, such as tumor size, lymph node metastasis, tumor node metastatic stage, survival, recurrence and response to adjuvant therapy, and have diagnostic and prognostic potential. In this review, we compile, evaluate and discuss the current knowledge about the roles of miR-185 in digestive tract cancers. Interestingly, miR-185 is apparently involved in regulating both tumor suppressive and oncogenic processes. We look at downstream effects as well as upstream regulation. In addition, we discuss the utility of miR-185 for diagnosis and its potential concerning novel therapeutic approaches.
HOW ACCURATE ARE INFRARED LUMINOSITIES FROM MONOCHROMATIC PHOTOMETRIC EXTRAPOLATION?

Template-based extrapolations from only one photometric band can be a cost-effective method to estimate the total infrared (IR) luminosities ( ) of galaxies. By utilizing multi-wavelength data that covers across 0.35–500 μm in GOODS-North and GOODS-South fields, we investigate the accuracy of this monochromatic extrapolated based on three IR spectral energy distribution (SED) templates out to . We find that the Chary & Elbaz template provides the best estimate of in Herschel/Photodetector Array Camera and Spectrometer (PACS) bands, while the Dale & Helou template performs best in Herschel/Spectral and Photometric Imaging Receiver (SPIRE) bands. To estimate , we suggest that extrapolations from the available longest wavelength PACS band based on the Chary & Elbaz template can be a good estimator. Moreover, if the PACS measurement is unavailable, extrapolations from SPIRE observations but based on the Dale & Helou template can also provide a statistically unbiased estimate for galaxies at . The emission with a rest-frame 10–100 μm range of IR SED can be well described by all three templates, but only the Dale & Helou template shows a nearly unbiased estimate of the emission of the rest-frame submillimeter part.
AN ANISOTROPIC NONCONFORMING FINITE ELEMENT WITH SOME SUPERCONVERGENCE RESULTS

The main aim of this paper is to study the error estimates of a nonconforming finite element with some superconvergence results under anisotropic meshes. The anisotropic interpolation error and consistency error estimates are obtained by using some novel approaches and techniques, respectively. Furthermore, the superclose and a superconvergence estimate on the central points of elements are also obtained without the regularity assumption and quasi-uniform assumption requirement on the meshes. Finally, a numerical test is carried out, which coincides with our theoretical analysis.
Evidence of spin density wave in LaFeAsO, the parent material of the new Fe-based oxypnictide superconductors

The Fe-based Oxypnicide superconductors have generated a huge amount of interest; they are a high temperature superconductor, with a Tc of 55K, but do not have the two dimensional copper oxygen layer that was thought essential for superconductivity at these high temperatures. Initial studies have hinted towards the possibility of a spin density wave (SDW) in these compounds and how they could play an important role in the superconductivity. SDW's occur at low temperatures in low-dimensional materials with strong electron correlations or in metals with a high density of states at the Fermi surface. A transition to the SDW state has many similarities to the superconducting transition, driven by the condensation energy with an energy gap opening, and in many materials the SDW state occurs adjacent in the phase diagram to the superconducting state. In these materials it is believed that electron doping suppresses the SDW instability allowing superconductivity to emerge. In this paper we report on the first direct experimental evidence of a SDW in the LaFeAsO parent compound as observed with inelastic neutron scattering. We show that these excitation derive from a two-dimensional Fermi surface nesting with a nesting vector of (\pi,\pi,0).
Gamma-ray bursts from massive Population-III stars: clues from the radio band

Current models suggest gamma-ray bursts could be used as a way of probing Population III stars - the first stars in the early Universe. In this paper we use numerical simulations to demonstrate that late time radio observations of gamma-ray burst afterglows could provide a means of identifying bursts that originate from Population III stars, if these were highly massive, independently from their redshift. We then present the results from a pilot study using the Australia Telescope Compact Array at 17 GHz, designed to test the hypothesis that there may be Population III gamma-ray bursts amongst the current sample of known events. We observed three candidates plus a control gamma-ray burst, and make no detections with upper limits of 20-40 uJy at 500-1300 days post explosion.
On BCL-Algebra

It has been found that the BCL-algebra is more extensive class than BCK/BCI/BCH-algebra. In this paper we study some properties of BCL-algebra of type (2,0) We also find deformation of such algebra and illustrate the connection between divisible algebra and deformation function.
The instability of time-dependent jets

The central focus of my thesis is to study the instability jets of various complexity by analyzing the linear and nonlinear dynamics. We applied this methodology to four different situations in order to learn the following. First, what asymmetries develop between cyclones and anticyclones because of finite variations in the free surface? Second, how is the stability of a jet flowing along a topographic step altered by the topography beneath? Third, can parametric instability arise in shear flows? Fourth, can an idealized model of a tidally and topographically forced coastal jet develop instabilities, and if so, can these instabilities become turbulent? Thesis Supervisor: Glenn R. Flierl Title: Professor of Physical Oceanography, Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences
Facial microbial flora in bearded versus nonbearded men in the operating room setting: A single-center cross-sectional STROBE-compliant observational study

Beards are controversial in the operating room setting because of the possible retention and shedding of pathogens. Surgical site infection poses a significant burden on healthcare systems. All male healthcare workers who entered the operating room were approached to participate in the study. Four facial swab samples were anonymously collected and a hygiene practice questionnaire was administered. Sample A was taken from the upper and lower lips, sample B from cheeks, and samples C and D were collected by 20 and 40 cm shedding below the face. Colony-forming units (CFUs) and minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of meropenem resistance were determined for samples A and B. Random samples from A, B, C, and D, in addition to meropenem-resistant isolates were cultured with chlorohexidine. Sixty-one bearded and 19 nonbearded healthcare workers participated in the study. 98% were positive for bacterial growth with CFU ranging between 30 × 104 and 200 × 106 CFU/mL. Bacterial growth was significantly higher in bearded participants (P < .05). Eighteen (27.1%) isolates were resistant to meropenem; of these which 14 (77.8%) were from bearded participants, this was not statistically significant. Chlorohexidine was effective in inhibiting the growth of all strains including the meropenem-resistant isolates. Bearded men in the operating room had a significantly higher facial bacterial load. Larger-scale resistance studies are needed to address facial bacterial resistance among healthcare workers in the operating room. This study aimed to estimate the facial microbial load and identify strains and antimicrobial resistance profiles in bearded versus nonbearded male healthcare workers in the operating room of a tertiary hospital in the Middle East.
Impact of Informative Priors on Model Fit Indices in Bayesian Confirmatory Factor Analysis

Abstract Assessing model fit is a key component of structural equation modeling (SEM); however, measures of fit in Bayesian SEM remain limited. Recently, versions of frequentist fit indices have been adapted for use in Bayesian models, but the impact of prior information on these fit indices remains unknown. This simulation study investigates the performance of three fit indices (RMSEA, CFI, and TLI) in Bayesian confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) across a variety of prior specifications that included different degrees of informativeness and inaccuracy. Results show that Bayesian fit indices are impacted by prior choice, particularly when sample sizes are small. We discuss implications of assessing model fit with Bayesian fit indices and provide recommendations for applied researchers.
The Effect of Exercise Training and Royal Jelly on Hippocampal Cannabinoid-1-Receptors and Pain Threshold in Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis in Rats as Animal Model of Multiple Sclerosis

Cannabinoid-1-receptors (CB1R) are therapeutic targets for both the treatment of autoimmune diseases, such as multiple sclerosis (MS), and some related symptoms such as pain. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of aerobic training and two dosages of royal jelly (RJ) on hippocampal CB1R and pain threshold (PT) in an experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) model. To this end, 56 female Sprague-Dawley rats with EAE were randomly assigned to one of the following eight conditions: (1) EAE; (2) sham; (3) 50 mg/kg RJ (RJ50); (4) 100 mg/kg RJ (RJ100); (5) exercise training (ET); (6) ET + RJ50; (7) ET + RJ100; and (8) not EAE or healthy control (HC). Endurance training was performed for five weeks, four sessions per week at a speed of 11–15 m/min for 30 min, and RJ was injected peritoneally at doses of 50 and 100 mg/kg/day). One-way analysis of variance and Tukey’s post hoc tests were performed to identify group-related differences in pain threshold (PT) and CB1R gene expression. Endurance training had no significant effect on PT and hippocampal CB1R in rats with EAE. CB1R gene expression levels in the RJ100 group were higher than in the EAE group. Further, PT levels in the ETRJ50 and ETRJ100 groups were higher than in the EAE group. The combination of ET and RJ50 had a higher impact on PT and CB1R, when compared to the ET and RJ50 alone. Next, there was a dose-response between RJ-induced CB1R gene expression and RJ dosages: higher dosages of RJ increased the CB1R gene expression. The overall results suggest that the combination of ET and increasing RJ dosages improved pain threshold probably related to CB1R in an EAE model, while this was not observed for ET or RJ alone.
Blood Biomarkers from Research Use to Clinical Practice: What Must Be Done? A Report from the EU/US CTAD Task Force

Timely and accurate diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) in clinical practice remains challenging. PET and CSF biomarkers are the most widely used biomarkers to aid diagnosis in clinical research but present limitations for clinical practice (i.e., cost, accessibility). Emerging blood-based markers have the potential to be accurate, cost-effective, and easily accessible for widespread clinical use, and could facilitate timely diagnosis. The EU/US CTAD Task Force met in May 2022 in a virtual meeting to discuss pathways to implementation of blood-based markers in clinical practice. Specifically, the CTAD Task Force assessed: the state-of-art for blood-based markers, the current use of blood-based markers in clinical trials, the potential use of blood-based markers in clinical practice, the current challenges with blood-based markers, and the next steps needed for broader adoption in clinical practice.
Evaluation of Orthodontic Mini-Implant Placement in the Maxillary Anterior Alveolar Region in 15 Patients by Cone Beam Computed Tomography at a Single Center in South India

Background In this study, we aimed to evaluate orthodontic mini-implant placement in the maxillary anterior alveolar region by cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) in 15 patients at a single center in South India. Material/Methods A total of 15 CBCT scans of orthodontic patients after completion of leveling and aligning stage were included. The thickness of labial alveolar bone, labio-palatal bone, and inter-radicular distance between the maxillary central incisors (U1-U1), maxillary central and lateral incisor (U1–U2), and maxillary lateral incisor and canine (U2–U3) at vertical levels 4 mm, 6 mm, and 8 mm above the interdental cementoenamel junction were measured. Descriptive statistics, ANOVA, and Tukey post hoc tests were done to assess the differences among the groups. An independent t test was done to analyze differences by sex. Results The thickness of cortical bone in the labial region was higher in the U2–U3 site than in the U1-U1 site, at a height of 4 mm. Also, there was a significant difference between 4 mm and 8 mm heights in the U2–U3 region. No significant difference was noted in bone dimensions among men and women and in the labio-palatal bone thickness among the different sites. The inter-radicular distance was the highest between the U2–U3 site, while it was the lowest in the U1–U2 site. Conclusions The findings from this center showed that when CBCT was used to evaluate orthodontic mini-implant placement in the maxillary anterior alveolar region, the U2–U3 and U1-U1 locations at heights between 6 mm to 8 mm apical to the interdental cementoenamel junction were optimal for placement of the mini-implants.
Floquet theory and economic dynamics (extended version).

Floquet theory is an appropriate tool for studying ordinary linear recurrence and differential equations with periodic coefficients, and is a generalization of the theory for constant coefficients. Floquet theory has still not found its way into economics, although it seems to be relevant for economic dynamics. As well as a discussion of this relevance and an illustration of it in the context of the Samuelson-Hicks multiplier-accelerator model, this article contains an appendix that provides a quite complete exposition of Floquet theory for recurrence equations.
THREE-DIMENSIONAL SIMULATIONS OF BI-DIRECTED MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMIC JETS INTERACTING WITH CLUSTER ENVIRONMENTS

We report on a series of three-dimensional magnetohydrodynamic simulations of active galactic nucleus (AGN) jet propagation in realistic models of magnetized galaxy clusters. We are primarily interested in the details of energy transfer between jets and the intracluster medium (ICM) to help clarify what role such flows could have in the reheating of cluster cores. Our simulated jets feature a range of intermittency behaviors, including intermittent jets that periodically switch on and off and one model jet that shuts down completely, naturally creating a relic plume. The ICM into which these jets propagate incorporates tangled magnetic field geometries and density substructure designed to mimic some likely features of real galaxy clusters. We find that our jets are characteristically at least 60% efficient at transferring thermal energy to the ICM. Irreversible heat energy is not uniformly distributed, however, instead residing preferentially in regions very near the jet/cocoon boundaries. While intermittency affects the details of how, when, and where this energy is deposited, all of our models generically fail to heat the cluster cores uniformly. Both the detailed density structure and nominally weak magnetic fields in the ICM play interesting roles in perturbing the flows, particularly when the jets are non-steady. Still, this perturbation is never sufficient to isotropize the jet energy deposition, suggesting that some other ingredient is required for AGN jets to successfully reheat cluster cores.
Mathematical Models for Systems Reliability

Preliminaries The Poisson process and distribution Waiting time distributions for a Poisson process Statistical estimation theory Generating a Poisson process Nonhomogeneous Poisson process Binomial, geometric, and negative binomial distributions Statistical Life Length Distributions Stochastic life length models Models based on the hazard rate General remarks on large systems Reliability of Various Arrangements of Units Series and parallel arrangements Series-parallel and parallel-series systems Various arrangements of switches Standby redundancy Reliability of a One-Unit Repairable System Exponential times to failure and repair Generalizations Reliability of a Two-Unit Repairable System Steady-state analysis Time-dependent analysis via Laplace transform On model 2(c) Continuous-Time Markov Chains The general case Reliability of three-unit repairable systems Steady-state results for the n-unit repairable system Pure birth and death processes Some statistical considerations First Passage Time for Systems Reliability Two-unit repairable systems Repairable systems with three (or more) units Repair time follows a general distribution Embedded Markov Chains and Systems Reliability Computations of steady-state probabilities Mean first passage times Integral Equations in Reliability Theory Introduction Example 1: Renewal process with a general distribution Example 2: One-unit repairable system Example 3: Effect of preventive replacements or maintenance Example 4: Two-unit repairable system Example 5: One out of n repairable systems Example 6: Section 7.3 revisited Example 7: First passage time distribution References Index A Problems and Comments section appears at the end of each chapter.
Elemental abundances of low-mass stars in nearby young associations: AB Doradus, Carina Near and Ursa Major†

We present stellar parameters and abundances of 11 elements (Li, Na, Mg, Al, Si, Ca, Ti, Cr, Fe, Ni and Zn) of 13 F6–K2 main-sequence stars in the young groups AB Doradus, Carina Near and Ursa Major. The exoplanet-host star ι Horologii is also analysed. The three young associations have lithium abundance consistent with their age. All other elements show solar abundances. The three groups are characterized by a small scatter in all abundances, with mean [Fe/H] values of 0.10 (σ = 0.03), 0.08 (σ = 0.05) and 0.01 (σ = 0.03) dex for AB Doradus, Carina Near and Ursa Major, respectively. The distribution of elemental abundances appears congruent with the chemical pattern of the Galactic thin disc in the solar vicinity, as found for other young groups. This means that the metallicity distribution of nearby young stars, targets of direct-imaging planet-search surveys, is different from that of old, field solar-type stars, i.e. the typical targets of radial velocity surveys. The young planet-host star ι Horologii shows a lithium abundance lower than that found for the young association members. It is found to have a slightly super-solar iron abundance ([Fe/H] = 0.16 ± 0.09), while all [X/Fe] ratios are similar to the solar values. Its elemental abundances are close to those of the Hyades cluster derived from the literature, which seems to reinforce the idea of a possible common origin with the primordial cluster.
EPISODIC ACTIVITIES OF SUPERMASSIVE BLACK HOLES AT REDSHIFT z ⩽ 2: DRIVEN BY MERGERS?

It has been suggested for quite a long time that galaxy mergers trigger activities of supermassive black holes (SMBHs) on the grounds of imaging observations of individual galaxies. To quantitatively examine this hypothesis, we calculate quasar luminosity functions (LFs) by manipulating the observed galaxy LFs (z ≲ 2) and theoretical merger rates from semi-analytical formulations. We find that the model reproduces the observed quasar LFs provided that the mass ratio (q) of the secondary galaxy to the newly formed one changes with cosmic time. The results show that the fraction of major mergers decreases from fmaj ∼ 0.2 at z ∼ 2 to fmaj → 0 at z ∼ 0. As a consequence, the newly formed SMBHs from major mergers at z ∼ 2 may acquire a maximal spin due to the orbital angular momentum of the merging holes. Subsequently, random accretion led by minor mergers rapidly drives the SMBHs to spin down. Such an evolutionary trend of the SMBH spins is consistent with the fact that radiative efficiency of accreting SMBHs strongly declines with cosmic time, reported by Wang et al. This suggests that minor mergers are important in triggering activities of SMBHs at low redshift, while major mergers may dominate at high redshift.