Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Development of Fertility, Social Status, and Social Trust of Farmers

Fertility, social status, and social trust are main social choice behaviors of Chinese farmers. This paper adopts the childbearing–value logic to establish a theoretical model of farmers’ childbearing–social status–social trust choices to examine the influence of farmers’ childbearing and social status on farmers’ social trust. The theoretical model showed that farmers will rationally choose the number of children to bear, emotional value, social value, economic value, social status, and social trust. The fertility of farmers’ children is actually a trade-off between quantity and value, and the fertility behavior affects social status through the direct mechanism of the number of children and the value of the adjustment mechanism, and together with the social status, through the direct mechanism, the adjustment mechanism of the number of children, the intermediate mechanism of social status, and the mixed adjustment mechanism. Asymmetry affects social trust equilibrium. Empirical research based on the CFPS (China Family Panel Studies) data in 2018 showed that farmers’ children quantity primarily inhibits, through the adjustment mechanism of children’s value–social status, social status and social trust; it exerts no direct impact or mediating effect on the social status. The economic value of children does not affect the social status, but it affects social trust through a positive child quantity adjustment mechanism, a negative social status mediation mechanism, and a negative mixed mediation mechanism. The social value of children affects social trust by the positive direct mechanism and the negative children quantity adjustment mechanism, as well as social trust by the negative direct mechanism, children quantity adjustment mechanism, children quantity–social status mixed adjustment mediating mechanism, and the positive social status–mediated mechanism. The emotional value of children affects the social status through the positive direct mechanism, as well as social trust through the positive direct mechanism, social status–mediated mechanism, and negative child quantity adjustment mechanism, and negative mixed mediation mechanism. Furthermore, social status positively impacts social trust rather than a symmetric transmission of the mediating effect of children’s value and the quantity adjustment effect of children’s value. However, no mediating effect of social trust was observed on children quantity. Social development leads to structural changes in the fertility value of farmers’ children, which makes farmers prefer their children’s social and economic value, exerting a complex impact on their own social status and social trust.
Timing and Frequency Matter: Same Race/Ethnicity Teacher and Student Achievement by School Level and Classroom Organization

Existing research examines whether studying with teachers of the same race/ethnicity affects student achievement, but little is known about whether those effects vary by timing and frequency. We use 7 years of administrative data from third through eighth graders in Indiana to estimate the heterogenous links between same race/ethnicity teachers and achievement by school level (i.e., elementary vs. middle schools) and self-contained classroom (i.e., self-contained vs. departmentalized classrooms). We find that the positive links between same race/ethnicity teachers and improved achievement are stronger for elementary school students and students in self-contained classrooms, particularly for Black students. Our findings highlight the importance of timing and frequent exposure to same race/ethnicity teachers in academic trajectories.
Media Integration of Islamic Sex Education for Early Childhood

Islamic sex education for early childhood uses the integration of important media taught in the digital era. This cannot be separated from the many cases of sexual violence that occur. This research aims to find out the use of media integration in the implementation of Islamic sex education for early childhood in Al-Hikmah Kindergarten Kutasari Purbalingga. This research is a qualitative research case study approach. Data collection techniques with semi-structured in-depth interviews, documentation, and direct observation. The study subjects were determined by snowball sampling techniques. Participants in the study were the Principal and 7 central teachers. Data analysis techniques using interactive data analysis models that is data reduction, data presentation, and withdrawal and testing of conclusions or verification. Testing the validity of data with the triangulation of sources and techniques. The results showed that the integration of Islamic sex education media for early childhood through central learning with the theme "My Body" increases children's knowledge to be more concrete about sexuality issues so as to stimulate child growth and development.
Computation of pull-out resistance of pressure-grouted soil nails in sand using cavity expansion and contraction solutions

ABSTRACT Pressure-grouted soil nailing has been extensively used as a soil stabilization technique in transportation infrastructure projects, wherein resistance against pull-out failure is offered by shear resistance mobilized along the nail–soil interface. However, the different stages of soil nail installation significantly alter the soil properties and residual normal stress at the grout-soil interface and thereby the maximum pull-out shear stress. This article presents a computational procedure to predict the maximum pull-out shear stress of pressure-grouted soil nails in sand, incorporating the variation in soil properties and stresses throughout the installation processes and loading. The procedure is formulated within the framework of cavity expansion-contraction solutions as the entire installation and testing phases resemble either expansion or contraction of a cylindrical cavity. The proposed approach was validated using grouting and pull-out test data of soil nails in sand. The influence of various parameters on pull-out shear stress has also been examined.
Joke identification, comprehension and appreciation by Spanish intermediate ESL learners: an exploratory study

This paper reports on an exploratory study examining joke identification, appreciation and comprehension by Spanish intermediate ESL learners. The study is based on a relevance-theoretic classification of jokes, which assumes that humorousness results from manipulation of three parametres: make-sense frames, cultural information and utterance interpretation. It firstly ascertains whether Spanish ESL learners recognise orally-delivered samples of seven types of purportedly jocular texts. Secondly, it examines whether these learners actually regard such texts as comical and why. Finally, it looks into the learners’ interpretative problems in order to single out which joke type(s) is/are more challenging. The study relies on quantitative and qualitative data elicited through an online questionnaire comprising four tasks. The results indicate no correlation between joke identification and appreciation, and independence of successful joke recognition from sophisticated interpretative skills. Jokes involving invalidation of an activated make-sense frame were most easily identified and found most funny, but jokes exploiting cancellation of an initial, seemingly plausible, interpretation posed more difficulties.
Combined Radiographic Features and Age Can Distinguish Mycoplasma pneumoniae Pneumonia from Other Bacterial Pneumonias: Analysis Using the 16S rRNA Gene Sequencing Data

The study objective was to evaluate chest radiographic features that distinguish Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (MPP) from other bacterial pneumonias diagnosed based on the bacterial floral analysis with 16S rRNA gene sequencing, using bronchoalveolar lavage fluid samples directly obtained from pneumonia lesions. Patients were grouped according to the dominant bacterial phenotype; among 120 enrolled patients with CAP, chest CT findings were evaluated in 55 patients diagnosed with a mono-bacterial infection (one bacterial phylotype occupies more than 80% of all phylotypes in a sample) by three authorized respiratory physicians. Among this relatively small sample size of 55 patients with CAP, 10 had MPP, and 45 had other bacterial pneumonia and were categorized into four groups according to their predominant bacterial phylotypes. We created a new scoring system to discriminate MPP from other pneumonias, using a combination of significant CT findings that were observed in the M. pneumoniae group, and age (<60 years) (MPP–CTA scoring system). When the cutoff value was set to 1, this scoring system had a sensitivity of 80%, a specificity of 93%, a positive predictive value of 73%, and a negative predictive value of 95%. Among the CT findings, centrilobular nodules were characteristic findings in patients with MPP, and a combination of chest CT findings and age might distinguish MPP from other bacterial pneumonias.
Trends in the Epidemiology of Allergic Diseases of the Airways in Children Growing Up in an Urban Agglomeration

The prevalence of asthma and allergies among children has become an increasing problem in the last few decades. Data on the population of children and adolescents, especially living in polluted cities, are limited and based on studies carried out in small groups. In our study, we analyzed the incidence of asthma and allergic rhinitis between 2014 and 2018. We analyzed data collected from nearly 30,000 children aged seven to eight and adolescents aged 16–17, which allowed us to assess the frequency of allergic diseases in the population of children and youth in Krakow. More than 40% of respondents reported allergic symptoms, and nearly 50% of them were not diagnosed and treated. In the group of seven- and eight-year-olds with a positive history of allergies, 52% had allergic rhinitis and 9.1% had asthma. In the group of 16–17-year-olds, allergic rhinitis was diagnosed in 35.8%, while asthma was found in 4.9% of cases. The results obtained over the course of 10 years has shown the reduction in the frequency of asthma (from 22% in the case of asthma in both age groups) and allergic rhinitis cases (from 63.9% in adolescents). In our opinion, this can be considered a positive effect of the preventive measures taken in Kraków after 2010. Although there is still a higher incidence of allergic diseases among children and young people living in urban areas compared to rural areas, the trend apparently has reversed for some diseases.
Awareness, Perceptions, Gaps, and Uptake of Maternity Protection among Formally Employed Women in Vietnam

Maternity protection is a normative fundamental human right that enables women to combine their productive and reproductive roles, including breastfeeding. The aim of this study is to examine the uptake of Vietnam’s maternity protection policy in terms of entitlements and awareness, perceptions, and gaps in implementation through the lens of formally employed women. In this mixed methods study, we interviewed 494 formally employed female workers, among whom 107 were pregnant and 387 were mothers of infants and conducted in-depth interviews with a subset of these women (n = 39). Of the 494 women interviewed, 268 (54.3%) were working in blue-collar jobs and more than 90% were contributing to the public social insurance fund. Among the 387 mothers on paid maternity leave, 51 (13.2%) did not receive cash entitlements during their leave. Among the 182 mothers with infants aged 6–11 months, 30 (16.5%) returned to work before accruing 180 days of maternity leave. Of 121 women who had returned to work, 26 (21.5%) did not receive a one-hour paid break every day to express breastmilk, relax, or breastfeed, and 46 (38.0%) worked the same or more hours per day than before maternity leave. Although most women perceived maternity leave as beneficial for the child’s health (92.5%), mother’s health (91.5%), family (86.2%), and society (90.7%), fewer women perceived it as beneficial for their income (59.5%), career (46.4%), and employers (30.4%). Not all formally employed women were aware of their maternity protection rights: women were more likely to mention the six-month paid maternity leave (78.7%) and one-hour nursing break (62.3%) than the other nine entitlements (2.0–35.0%). In-depth interviews with pregnant women and mothers of infants supported findings from the quantitative survey. In conclusion, although Vietnam’s maternity protection policy helps protect the rights of women and children, our study identified implementation gaps that limit its effectiveness. To ensure that all women and their families can fully benefit from maternity protection, there is a need to increase awareness of the full set of maternity entitlements, strengthen enforcement of existing policies, and expand entitlements to the informal sector.
Protective and Risk Factors at the Intersection of Chronic Pain, Depression, Anxiety, and Somatic Amplification: A Latent Profile Approach

Objective Research indicates a complex nexus between chronic pain, depression, anxiety, and somatic amplification (PDAS) symptoms, marked by high rates of co-morbidity and mutually maintaining mechanisms. Although recent frameworks have attempted to explain co-occurrence rates of pain and other comorbid disorders, the interrelations between PDAS and their impacts on pain outcomes have not been adequately examined with a person-centered approach. Using nationally representative data, this study assessed the heterogeneity in PDAS symptomatology and examined links among risk and protective factors in different profiles. Methods Data were derived from 1027 participants in the National Survey of Midlife Development in the United States (MIDUS) who completed telephone interviews or self-report measures that assessed PDAS, various sources of social supports (family, friends, spouses/partners, religion, coworkers, and supervisors), and the number of healthcare visits. Results We found heterogeneity in symptom severity rather than symptom type across classes over time. Regardless of comorbidity severity, people reported similar levels of somatic symptoms, which may help clinicians more effectively diagnose comorbidity issues among chronic pain patients. As PDAS symptomatology increased by group, the perceived levels of social support decreased. Membership in a higher symptom severity class was associated with being female, younger age, and an increase in medical, but not mental health visits. Limitations Limitations included the use of a cross-sectional design, reliance on self-report measures, and a sample largely comprised of Whites. Conclusion PDAS co-occurs across classes, which may relate to shared risk and protective factors. This study lays the foundation to investigate similar questions for overlapping symptoms that occur during the same period, which would shed light on whether—among middle to older age adults—these disorders are attributable to a common mechanism and if they may inform transdiagnostic treatments.
Utility of percutaneous ultrasound guided biopsy in the diagnosis of anterior mediastinal mass lesions

Introduction: mediastinal masses include a broad spectrum of histopathological and radiological entities. Although imaging modalities aid at narrowing the purposed differential diagnosis, accurate categorization is not always possible. Objective: to assess the efficacy as well as safety of percutaneous ultrasound guided biopsy modality in the proper diagnosis of anterior mediastinal lesions.Materials and methods: Forty patients presented with anterior mediastinal masses were enrolled in this study. Each patient was subjected to CT chest with contrast, US guided biopsy from the anterior mediastinal lesions and obtained specimens underwent histopathological examination. Then, patients were observed for possible post-procedural complications. Results: 97.5% of the included cases were symptomatic; with dyspnea [representing 62.5%] was the most frequent complaint among our cases, followed by cough and fever representing 50% and 37%, respectively. The most frequent lesions were lymphoma (40%) followed by metastatic carcinoma (25%) and thymoma (15%). Two cases showed inconclusive results (failure rate 5%). Conclusions: Combined clinico-radiological data can narrow the differential diagnosis of anterior mediastinal masses; yet histopathological examination remains the mainstay of the precise diagnosis. Percutaneous US guided biopsy is claimed to be a useful, minimally invasive cost-effective tool for proper sampling, with minimal complications and low failure rate.
Insulin Receptors and Insulin Action in the Heart: The Effects of Left Ventricular Assist Devices

This year, 2022, marks the 100th anniversary of the isolation of human insulin and its administration to patients suffering from diabetes mellitus (DM). Insulin exerts many effects on the human body, including the cardiac tissue. The pathways implicated include the PKB/Akt signaling pathway, the Janus kinase, and the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway and lead to normal cardiac growth, vascular smooth muscle regulation, and cardiac contractility. This review aims to summarize the existing knowledge and provide new insights on insulin pathways of cardiac tissue, along with the role of left ventricular assist devices on insulin regulation and cardiac function.
Plagiotheciumtalbotii, a new species from the Aleutian Islands (Alaska, U.S.A.)

﻿Abstract Plagiotheciumtalbotiisp. nov. is described from Attu Island, Alaska, U.S.A. The newly-described species is not similar in appearance to any Northern Hemisphere species; only the habit is similar to P.platyphyllum. However, it not only occupies a different habitat than that species, but genetically and morphologically, it is clearly distinct from it. The results of DNA sequencing, a detailed description of the morphological features, illustrations, ecological preferences and currently known geographical distribution of P.talbotii are presented. The most important distinguishing morphological features of this species are: the size of the plant; dimensions and symmetry of the leaves; dimensions of cells and their areolation; entire leaf apex; and long decurrencies with some inflated cells. Additionally, we propose to place P.talbotii in section Plagiothecium, which is confirmed by genetic analysis and morphological features.
Teacher perspectives of virtual classroom and distance teaching during the COVID-19 pandemic: A cross-sectional study from the Gaza Strip (Palestine)

Abstract The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly influenced educational systems and to prevent the large scale of infections, schools were closed and teachers had to transition to distance teaching through virtual classrooms. This study aims to evaluate teacher perspectives on using virtual classrooms in distance teaching. Data were collected using an online survey that was completed by a convenience sample of 559 teachers from public schools in the Gaza Strip, Palestine. The results revealed that teachers had a moderate level of preference (2.99 ± 0.68) and low level of satisfaction (2.24 ± 0.80) and effectiveness (2.43 ± 0.67) of using virtual classrooms in distance teaching. The most important obstacles facing teachers are related to continuous cutting off of electricity and unavailable internet connection. KEYWORDSVirtual classrooms; distance teaching; COVID-19 pandemic; Gaza Strip; Palestine
Hybrid Epoxy-Alkyl Sol–Gel Coatings Reinforced with SiO2 Nanoparticles for Corrosion Protection of Anodized AZ31B Mg Alloy

AZ31B Mg alloys were anodized at different potentials using an alkaline electrolyte. Then, an epoxy-alkyl silane sol reinforced with SiO2 nanoparticles was prepared by sol–gel and deposited on top of the optimized anodic layers. 1-Methyl imidazole was added to the sol to promote a partial epoxy ring aperture and improve the condensation degree of the inorganic network. The results showed the curing temperature affects the inorganic polycondensation of the organic-inorganic network; this effect was analyzed by 29Si and 13C solid-state NMR spectroscopy. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy in 3.5 wt% NaCl solution revealed that the corrosion resistance is enhanced by the anodized process obtained for Mg alloy anodized at 100 V/2 min. However, a quick deterioration of the oxide film with immersion time was evident, showing a reduction of the protection efficiency (ηE%) of 76.5% after 16 h/immersion. The deposition of an epoxy-alkyl coating improved the ηE% up to 98.6% after 72 h/immersion. The proposed hybrid coating used for post-sealing the porous anodized Mg alloy looks like a good alternative protective barrier to control the corrosion process of Mg alloys. A suitable compromise between cross-linking network and curing temperature is necessary to obtain a good barrier coating.
Improving innovation performance through environmental practices in the fashion industry: the moderating effect of internationalisation and the influence of collaboration

Abstract In recent years, the scientific literature on supply chain management has increasingly debated on environmental sustainability as well as collaboration, presenting these issues as an important source of innovation along the supply chain. By combining literature streams on environmental sustainability, supply chain collaboration and innovation at the supply chain level, this paper aims to analyse whether the adoption of environmental sustainability practices and collaboration along the supply chain implies better innovation performance, in terms of differentiation from the competitors for higher quality, product or process. The paper also investigates whether the internationalisation, in terms of both production and distribution activities, negatively moderates this relationship. The study focuses on the fashion industry, and a survey of major Italian fashion companies was conducted. The main results of the research clearly show the positive impact of these practices on innovation performance. The paper also proves the existence of a moderating effect exerted by internationalisation on the relationship between environmental sustainability and innovation performance.
Beyond mentoring: social support structures for young Australian carpentry apprentices

With growing recognition of the extent to which work, mental health and wellbeing intersect, it is important to understand the critical role effective apprenticeship support arrangements play in helping Australia's youth make the transition from school to work. This study considers how pastoral care, mentoring and other forms of social support contribute to apprenticeships. In particular, the forms of support provided to young carpentry apprentices by some of Australia's leading construction firms and training organisations were investigated. It finds the best and most effective support for mental health and wellbeing is informal. While these can be the most difficult forms of support to explicitly and formally nurture, the report and good practice guide offer ideas on how informal bases of support can be encouraged to flourish.