Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Explainable cross-task adaptive transfer learning for motor imagery EEG classification

Objective. In the field of motor imagery (MI) electroencephalography (EEG)-based brain-computer interfaces, deep transfer learning (TL) has proven to be an effective tool for solving the problem of limited availability in subject-specific data for the training of robust deep learning (DL) models. Although considerable progress has been made in the cross-subject/session and cross-device scenarios, the more challenging problem of cross-task deep TL remains largely unexplored. Approach. We propose a novel explainable cross-task adaptive TL method for MI EEG decoding. Firstly, similarity analysis and data alignment are performed for EEG data of motor execution (ME) and MI tasks. Afterwards, the MI EEG decoding model is obtained via pre-training with extensive ME EEG data and fine-tuning with partial MI EEG data. Finally, expected gradient-based post-hoc explainability analysis is conducted for the visualization of important temporal-spatial features. Main results. Extensive experiments are conducted on one large ME EEG High-Gamma dataset and two large MI EEG datasets (openBMI and GIST). The best average classification accuracy of our method reaches 80.00% and 72.73% for OpenBMI and GIST respectively, which outperforms several state-of-the-art algorithms. In addition, the results of the explainability analysis further validate the correlation between ME and MI EEG data and the effectiveness of ME/MI cross-task adaptation. Significance. This paper confirms that the decoding of MI EEG can be well facilitated by pre-existing ME EEG data, which largely relaxes the constraint of training samples for MI EEG decoding and is important in a practical sense.
Illumination of vein quartz textures in a porphyry copper ore deposit using scanned cathodoluminescence: Grasberg Igneous Complex, Irian Jaya, Indonesia

Abstract Vein quartz from the Grasberg Igneous Complex in Irian Jaya, Indonesia, displays a wide range of features when observed using scanned cathodoluminescence imaging on the electron microscope. Examination of seventeen samples revealed concentric growth zoning, quartz-filled microfractures, dark luminescence near sulfides, changes in crystal size and orientation from vein edges to vein centers, turbid growth zoning, and the truncation of concentric growth zoning. Individual features observed along two large photomosaic traverses from vein margins to vein centers coupled with trace element analyses from the electron microprobe allow determination of a detailed history of fracture infilling. The two traverses indicate a simple, two-stage history of crystal growth into an open fracture followed by mechanical closing of the fracture with resulting microfractures. Electron microprobe trace-element analyses show that the Fe content of quartz reaches values of up to 4900 ppm in dark-luminescent regions near sulfide crystals and decreases smoothly to ~200 ppm along traverses away from the sulfides. The solution to the diffusion equation coupled with existing experimental data about Fe diffusion in SiO2 indicate the duration of the diffusion was perhaps on the order of thousands of years.
An update on the current and emerging pharmacotherapies for basal cell carcinomas

ABSTRACT Introduction Despite surgical approach is still the mainstay for basal cell carcinoma (BCC) management, several issues may limit the use of this technique, leading to the need for new treatments to offer patients a personalized approach. Areas covered A comprehensive review of the available and emerging pharmacologic strategies for BCC management, including mechanisms of action, and potential adverse effects, has been performed to provide with an up-to-date manuscript on the current treatment scenario of BCC. Globally, targeting the Sonic-Hedgehog pathway is one of the main mechanisms of action of currently investigated drugs. Other alternatives are based on the concept of an enhancement of the immune response such as immune checkpoint inhibitors, or intra-tumor treatments. Expert opinion Although low-risk BCCs are often treated with destructive methods or topical treatments, surgery is the mainstay of treatment for the majority of BCCs. However, several factors may limit the use of surgery in BCC management. Recently, major knowledge on BCCs pathogenesis has led to the development of effective and selective drugs. In our opinion, soon many drugs will be licensed, allowing clinicians to offer patients with BCC the right treatment at the right moment. Certainly, further studies are needed.
Factors associated with use of community-based, peer-led sexual and reproductive health services by adolescent boys and young men aged 18–24 in Lusaka, Zambia: A case control study nested in the Yathu Yathu trial

Introduction Adolescents and young people (AYP) aged 15–24 years have the least access to facility-based sexual and reproductive health (SRH) services, including HIV services. The Yathu-Yathu cluster-randomized trial (CRT) in Zambia tested whether a novel peer-led community-based approach increased knowledge of HIV status amongst AYP. In this nested case-control study, we aimed to identify factors associated with non-attendance to the Yathu Yathu hubs by adolescent boys and young men (ABYM) aged 18-24-years. Methods Yathu Yathu was a CRT conducted in two communities in Lusaka, Zambia, with 10 intervention and 10 control zones. AYP in all zones were offered prevention points cards (PPC), which incentivized and tracked service use at the hubs and health facility. In intervention zones, services were provided to AYP through community-based spaces (hubs) led by peer support workers. In these zones, cases were defined as those not having accessed any service at a hub and controls as those that accessed at least one service. Data were collected from October 2020 to January 2021 and analysed using methods appropriate for unmatched case-control studies. Results 161 cases and 160 controls consented to participate in the study. Participants aged 20–24 years (adjOR 1.99, 95%CI 1.26–3.12, p = 0.003), who were educated up to college level (adjOR 8.47,95%CI 2.08–34.53, p = 0.001) or who reported being employed in the last 12 months (adjOR 2.15, 95%CI 1.31–3.53, p = 0.002) were more likely to not attend the hubs. ABYM who had a friend with a PPC were more likely to attend the hubs (adjOR 0.18 95%CI 0.09–0.35, p<0.001). Most cases reported having their last HIV test at the local government health facility (58%) while most controls reported HIV-testing at a Yathu Yathu hub (82%). Among the controls, 84% (134/160) rated the hub experience as excellent. Among cases, 65% (104/161) stated they didn’t visit the hubs “due to employment”. Conclusions Despite Yathu Yathu services being community-based and more accessible compared to health facilities, we found age, education and employment were associated with not attending hubs. Strategies are needed to reach employed young men who may not have access to SRH/HIV services during conventional working hours and to better utilise peer networks to increase service use.
Effects of root mat buoyancy and heterogeneity on floating fen hydrology

Floating fen ecosystems are home to several protected habitats and species. Their development and conservation require special attention regarding water management. Although they are known to be heterogeneous and partially buoyant, their root mats are simulated in hydrological models as homogeneous, static systems. The objective of this study is to quantify root mat heterogeneity and buoyancy and to assess their effects on groundwater flow and transport, and to determine if these factors need to be taken into account in modelling.
Retrospective investigation of >400 patients undergoing thoracic endovascular aortic repair with or without cerebrospinal fluid drainage

Abstract OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to analyse the risks and benefits of cerebrospinal fluid drainage (CSFD) placement in patients undergoing thoracic endovascular aortic repair. METHODS Between 2009 and 2020, 411 patients underwent thoracic endovascular aortic repair in 1 institution where 236 patients (57%) received a preoperative CSFD. Patient and outcome characteristics were retrospectively analysed and compared between patients with and without preoperative CSFD placement. RESULTS Preoperative CSFD was performed significantly more frequently in elective patients, especially those undergoing distal stent graft extension following frozen elephant trunk-stent placement (P < 0.001). Significantly fewer CSFD was placed in patients with acute aortic injury (P < 0.001). The incidence of permanent spinal cord ischaemia (SCI) was higher in patients without preoperative CSFD [10 patients (2%) vs 1 patient (0.2%), P = 0.001]. Postoperative CSFD was placed in 3 patients (0.7%). Severe CSFD-associated complications affected 2 patients (0.5%) namely, a subdural spinal haematoma causing permanent paraplegia in one of those 2 patients. CONCLUSIONS CSFS placement is associated with low procedural risk and can potentially help to prevent SCI. However, the SCI incidence is most likely also associated with other preoperative factors including the patient’s haemodynamics. Hence, a general recommendation for placing a preoperative CSFD cannot be made when relying on the present evidence.
Antibiotic prescription for children with acute respiratory tract infections in rural primary healthcare in Guangdong province, China: a cross-sectional study

Objectives The objective of this study is to understand the characteristics and patterns of the first antibiotic prescriptions for children with acute respiratory infections (ARIs) in rural primary healthcare (PHC) in Guangdong province, China. Design Cross-sectional study. Setting and participants We used prescription data generated from the electronic medical record system of 37 township hospitals in two counties of Shaoguan City, Guangdong province. 46 699 first prescriptions for ARIs in children aged 0–18 years were screened from 444 979 outpatient prescriptions recorded between November 2017 and October 2018. Outcome measures Descriptive analyses were used to report sociodemographic characteristics and antibiotic prescribing profiles. χ2 analysis and binary logistic regression were used to analyse the factors associated with antibiotic prescriptions in children. Results Of the 46 699 sampled cases, 83.00% (n=38 759) received at least one antibiotic as part of their first prescription. Of the 38 759 sampled cases treated with antibiotics, 40.76% (n=15 799), 56.15% (n=21 762) and 31.59% (n=12 244) received parenteral antibiotics, broad-spectrum antibiotics and two or more kinds of antibiotics, respectively. Multivariable analysis showed that children aged ≤5 years were less likely to be prescribed with antibiotics than those aged 16–18 years (OR 0.545, p<0.001). Those with health insurance were more likely to be prescribed with antibiotics than those without health insurance (OR 1.677, p<0.001). Conclusions Misuse and overuse of antibiotics were found in the prescriptions of children with ARIs in rural PHC. Antibiotic stewardship programme should be established to reduce the level of antibiotic prescriptions among children with ARIs in rural PHC, especially regarding the prescriptions of broad-spectrum antibiotics and parenteral antibiotics, tailored to different ages, sex and health insurance groups.
Association of Molecular Subtypes with Pathologic Response, PFS and OS in a Phase II Study of COXEN with Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy for Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer.

PURPOSE The COXEN gene expression model with chemotherapy-specific scores (for DD-MVAC and GC) was developed to identify responders to NAC. We investigated RNA-based molecular subtypes as additional predictive biomarkers for NAC response, PFS, and OS in patients treated in S1314. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN 237 patients were randomized between 4 cycles of ddMVAC (51%) and GC (49%). Based on Affymetrix transcriptomic data, we determined subtypes using 3 classifiers: TCGA (k=5), Consensus (k=6), and MD Anderson (MDA; k=3) and assessed subtype association with path response to NAC and determined associations with COXEN. We also tested whether each classifier contributed additional predictive power when added to a model based on pre-defined stratification factors (PS 0 vs. 1; T2 vs. T3, T4a). RESULTS 155 patients had gene expression results, received at least 3 of 4 cycles of NAC and had pT-N response based on RC. TCGA 3 group classifier BS/Neuronal, Lum, Lum infiltrated and GC COXEN score yielded the largest AUCs for pT0 (0.59 p=0.28; 0.60 p=0.18, respectively). For downstaging (<pT2), the 3 category Consensus classifier (BS/NE-like, Lum, Stroma-rich) increased the AUC from 0.57 (strat factors alone) to 0.61 (p=0.10). The MDA classifier AUC was 0.63 (p=0.18) and the GC COXEN score AUC was 0.62 (p=0.23), but neither significantly improved the AUC. There was no statistically significant association of stratification factors and subtypes with PFS or OS. CONCLUSIONS The Consensus classifier, based in part on the TCGA and MDA classifiers, modestly improved prediction for pathologic downstaging but subtypes were not associated with PFS or OS.
Reassessment of earthquakes, 1900–1999, in the Eastern Mediterranean and the Middle East

Summary We have reappraised locations and surface wave magnitudes of earthquakes this century in the Eastern Mediterranean and the Middle East, between 10° and 44°N and 18° and 70°E. The results are presented in an improved parametric catalogue of shallow earthquakes (h ≤ 40 km), large enough (MS ≥ 6.0) to be of interest in seismotectonics and earthquake engineering. A considerable number of early events of 6 ≤ MS < 7.2, not included in other catalogues, have been identified and their magnitudes assessed. We find that ISS/ISC locations are systematically shifted by 10–30 km to the north or northeast of their macroseismic epicentres. Also we derived a regional average relationship between log M0 and MS. We show that the correlation of magnitude with epicentral intensity is very weak, as is expected, and a source of error in frequency relations.
Clinical definition of secondary resistance to immunotherapy in non‐small cell lung cancer

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (PD‐1/PD‐L1 and CTLA‐4 blockade) have revolutionized the treatment landscape in non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Secondary resistance to immunotherapy (IO), which poses a substantial challenge in clinical settings, occurs in several initial responders. Currently, new treatment approaches have been extensively evaluated in investigational studies for these patients to tackle this difficult problem; however, the lack of consistency in clinical definition, uniform criteria for enrollment in clinical trials, and interpretation of results remain significant hurdles to progress. Thus, our expert panel comprehensively synthesized data from current studies to propose a practical clinical definition of secondary resistance to immunotherapy in NSCLC in metastatic and neoadjuvant settings. In addition to patients who received IO alone (including IO‐IO combinations), we also generated a definition for patients treated with chemotherapy plus IO. This consensus aimed to provide guidance for clinical trial design and facilitate future discussions with investigators. It should be noted that additional updates in this consensus are required when new data is available.
Simulations of a Centrifuge Test with Lateral Spreading and Void Redistribution Effects

AbstractNumerical simulations of a centrifuge test, in which dissipation patterns, lateral spreading, and shear strain localization were measured and recorded, are performed for validation of the numerical modeling approach and insight on the deformation mechanisms. The constitutive model calibration process is performed based on available laboratory data and is described in detail. The model container and construction sequence are simulated to provide good approximations of the boundary conditions and initial stress distributions. Two approaches for simulating successive shaking events are presented and compared. The key observations and mechanisms from the centrifuge test, namely (1) the dynamic response and onset of liquefaction, (2) the amount and pattern of surface deformation, (3) the patterns of pore pressure dissipation and void ratio redistribution, and (4) the difference in response between a sand profile treated and not treated with liquefaction drains, are all reasonably captured and bounded b.
Clinical Outcomes in Sebaceous Carcinoma: A Retrospective Two-Center Cohort Study

BACKGROUND Sebaceous carcinoma (SC) is a rare, potentially recurrent, and life-threatening cutaneous malignancy that can be associated with Muir–Torre syndrome (MTS), a DNA mismatch repair-driven genodermatosis. Earlier studies examining factors associated with recurrence have focused on periocular tumors only. OBJECTIVE Examine outcomes of SC and identify factors associated with recurrence. MATERIALS AND METHODS Retrospective study from 2 tertiary care centers. RESULTS Sixty-seven cases from 63 patients were identified, including 7 cases of MTS and 13 arising in the context of immunosuppression. Fifty-five cases (82.1%) were treated with complete circumferential peripheral and deep margin assessment (CCPDMA) methods. Five recurrences developed during the postoperative period. On univariate analysis, periocular location (odds ratio [OR] 7.6, p = .0410), and lesion size ≥2 cm (OR 9.6, p = .005) were associated with recurrence, whereas CCPDMA (OR 0.052, p = .0006) was inversely associated with recurrence. On multivariate analysis, only lesion size ≥2 cm (OR 9.6, p = .0233) and CCPDMA approaches (OR 0.052, p = .007) were significant. CONCLUSION Non–complete circumferential peripheral and deep margin assessment methods and large lesion size were independent risk factors predicting recurrence, whereas anatomic subtype and MTS status were not. These findings can assist in identifying SC cases that may benefit from more aggressive treatment and closer surveillance.
Patient-reported outcome measures in diabetes outpatient care: a scoping review

Background Patient-reported outcome (PRO) measures are increasingly used in clinical diabetes care to increase patient involvement and improve healthcare services. The objectives were to identify instruments used to measure PROs in outpatient diabetes clinics and to investigate the use of these PRO measures alongside the experiences of patients and healthcare personnel in a clinical setting. Research Design and Methods A scoping review was conducted according to the framework of Arksey and O’Malley with scoping searches of Cinahl, EMBASE, Medline and Health and Psychosocial Instruments. Studies reporting on adults with diabetes in a clinical setting where the PRO measure response directly affected patient care were eligible for inclusion. Results In total, 35 197 citations were identified, of which 7 reports presenting 4 different PRO measures were included in the review. All four of the included items measured psychosocial aspects of diabetes, and three included elements of the Problem Areas in Diabetes scale. All the patients were satisfied with the use of PRO measures in clinical care, whereas the level of satisfaction among healthcare personnel with PRO measures varied within and among studies. Conclusions The limited number of eligible studies in this review suggests that research on PRO measures for diabetes outpatient care is scarce. Patients welcome the opportunity to express their concerns through the systematic collection of PRO measures, and some healthcare personnel value the broader insight that PRO measures provide into the impact of diabetes on patients’ lives. However, the heterogeneity among services and among patients challenges the implementation of PRO measures. Research is needed to explore how PRO measures in clinical outpatient care affect healthcare personnel workflow. Review registration https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/46AHC
Performance evaluation of Espline HTLV-I/II, a newly developed rapid immunochromatographic antibody test for different diagnostic situations

ABSTRACT Antibody screening tests for human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) are performed based on methods such as chemiluminescent enzyme immunoassay (CLEIA), chemiluminescence immunoassay (CLIA), electrochemiluminescence immunoassay, and particle agglutination (PA). Espline HTLV-I/II, a commercially available, easy-to-use, and rapid immunochromatographic antibody test (IC), was developed for situations where expensive instruments and laboratory equipment are not available. In this report, we compared the performance of IC with the above existing tests using diverse samples derived from asymptomatic HTLV-1 carriers and patients with HTLV-1-associated diseases in collaboration with 11 Japanese institutes. We found that IC detected HTLV-1 infection in all samples from HTLV-1-associated diseases, including adult T-cell leukemia, HTLV-1-associated myelopathy, and HTLV-1 uveitis (200/200). The sensitivity of IC compared with CLIA, CLEIA, and PA was 99.2% (363/366), 100% (241/241), and 100% (47/47), respectively, and the specificity was 99.4% (994/1000), 100% (60/60), and 100% (40/40), respectively. The positive and negative predictive values of IC were 99.7% [95% confidence interval (CI): 99.12–99.92] and 99.5% (95% CI: 98.82–99.75), respectively. However, IC had difficulty in correctly judging samples that were diagnosed as seroreactive in other first screening tests but negative by a confirmatory test; for example, of 612 confirmed negative samples that were CLIA seroreactive, 332 samples were IC positive. These results confirmed that IC has sufficient sensitivity and specificity as a screening test for HTLV-1, although, like the other screening tests, it also requires a confirmatory test to determine HTLV-1 infection correctly. IMPORTANCE The World Health Organization estimated that 5–10 million people are infected with human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1). This number is likely to be underestimated because reliable endemic data are available for only approximately 1.5 billion people worldwide. The point-of-care test is a powerful tool for the easy and quick detection of infections without the requirement for expensive instruments and laboratory equipment. Espline HTLV-I/II, a newly developed rapid immunochromatographic antibody test that was evaluated in this study, might significantly advance our understanding of the global epidemiology of HTLV-1 infection. The World Health Organization estimated that 5–10 million people are infected with human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1). This number is likely to be underestimated because reliable endemic data are available for only approximately 1.5 billion people worldwide. The point-of-care test is a powerful tool for the easy and quick detection of infections without the requirement for expensive instruments and laboratory equipment. Espline HTLV-I/II, a newly developed rapid immunochromatographic antibody test that was evaluated in this study, might significantly advance our understanding of the global epidemiology of HTLV-1 infection.