Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Using nonsense words to investigate vowel merger1

In previous work, we have found that New Zealand listeners who produce merged tokens of near and square can accurately distinguish between the vowels in perception even though they report that they are guessing. The ability to distinguish the vowels is affected by a variety of factors for these listeners, including the likelihood that the speaker and experimenter maintain the distinction (Hay et al. 2006b; Hay et al. 2010). In this article, we report on experiments that examine the production and perception of real and nonsense words in the context of two mergers: the Ellen/Allan merger in New Zealand English and the lot/thought merger found in American English. The results demonstrate that speakers’ degree of merger depends at least partially on whether the word is a real or nonsense word. Additionally, the results indicate that a token's real word status affects the merger differently in production and perception. We argue that these results provide evidence in favour of a hybrid model of speech production and perception, one with both abstract phoneme-level representations and acoustically detailed episodic representations.
Evidence, Age, and Thickness of a Frozen Paleolake in Utopia Planitia, Mars

Abstract Recent mapping studies west of Elysium Mons, Mars, have pinpointed subice features that suggest the existence of a frozen paleolake in Utopia Planitia as recently as 1.8 billion years ago. The subice features are interpreted to be hyaloclastic ridges and hills, table mountains, associated jokulhlaup deposits, and fluvial channels. Photoclinometric studies of these features and of a basal scarp around the northwest flank of Elysium Mons interpreted to have been an ice-sheet boundary indicate that the maximum thickness of ice within the basin may have been about 180 m. This thickness of ice during a relatively late stage of Martian geologic history would have important implications concerning the atmospheric, the climatic, and possibly the exobiologic history of the planet.
Library Promotion by Governance Institute of Home Affairs (GIHA) Library: An Overview

Background: The ramifications of technological advancement is necessary for optimal operation of library and prompt provision of information. Purpose: This research aims to obtain an overview and analyze library promotion, as well as the development strategy carried out by the Governance Institute of Home Affairs (GIHA) Library. Method: It uses a qualitative method with data collection techniques in the form of interviews, observation, and documentation. Results: The results show an inconsistency in the promotion carried out by the GIHA Library. The promotion aspect of the library had been fulfilled, the Branding aspect contained digital library branding, and the IPDN library had utilized social media as a library promotion tool. However, in the copywriting aspect, the Customer Relationship Management aspect, the promotion roadmap and the design of library promotion programs have not been implemented properly. Conclusion: The library promotion implementation is not good enough. The development strategy that the GIHA Library can carry out is to increase the digital-based promotion. Keywords: Digital-Based Promotion, Library Promotion, University Library Abstrak Latar Belakang: Implikasi dari perkembangan teknologi menuntut perpustakaan menjawab tantangan agar dapat menyelenggarakan fungsi perpustakaan secara optimal dan menyajikan kebutuhan informasi secara cepat dan tepat. Tujuan: Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk memperoleh gambaran umum dan menganalisis promosi perpustakaan serta menganalisis strategi pengembangan promosi perpustakaan yang dapat dilakukan oleh Perpustakaan IPDN. Metode: Metode penelitian adalah kualitatif. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan wawancara, observasi dan dokumentasi. Hasil: Hasil Penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat inkonsistensi promosi perpustakaan yang dilakukan oleh Perpustakaan IPDN. Pada aspek promosi perpustakaan telah terpenuhi, pada aspek branding terdapat branding perpustakaan digital, dan perpustakaan IPDN telah memanfaatkan media sosial sebagai alat promosi perpustakaan. Akan tetapi pada aspek copywriting, aspek Customer Relationship Management, roadmap promosi dan perancangan program promosi perpustakaan belum diimplementasikan secara baik. Kesimpulan: Penyelenggaraan promosi perpustakaan IPDN termasuk dalam kategori kurang. Strategi pengembangan promosi perpustakaan yang dapat dilakukan oleh Perpustakaan IPDN adalah meningkatkan promosi perpustakaan berbasis digital. Kata kunci: Promosi Berbasis Digital; Promosi Perpustakaan; Perpustakaan Perguruan Tinggi
Floor space requirement for housing and welfare of pigs under Indian perspective

Pork production in India has almost doubled from 0.204 MT to 0.402 MT in last decade (2007â€“08 to 2017â€“18). Best utilization of pen space without adversely affecting the productivity and well-being of pigs is crucial for pork sector. Most of the developed countries recommend floor space requirement of 0.15 m2/pig for weaners and South Asian countries as 0.3 to 0.5 m2/pig without any provision of open space. In India, very few studies have been carried out on space allowance in pigs. Since, Indian Standards (IS: 3916â€“1966) for pig housing are very old (1960s), study on the floor space requirement for individual pig in all the stages and different group sizes is very much essential for practical pig rearing. The negative impact of crowding on feed intake and growth is well documented. Higher stocking density may also adversely affect feed conversion efficiency. However, reduction in floor area (33% and 50%) in comparison to IS did not affect major performance traits. Space allowance is one of the important factors in the establishment of social rank. In European countries, the most economical allocation of pen floor space was less than the space needed for optimal performance. Reduced space allowances may lead to amplified aggression-related skin lesion scores. Thus, in space restricted environments, the dominance hierarchy becomes less stable amongst pigs and tail and ear biting are also commonly observed. Based on studies done so far it is concluded that there is scope of reduction in floor space allowance in comparison to IS specifications without compromising welfare status of pigs and further research in this area need to be encouraged.
Detailed 40Ar/39Ar Geochronology of the Loyalty and Three Kings Ridges Clarifies the Extent and Sequential Development of Eocene to Miocene Southwest Pacific Remnant Volcanic Arcs

The 2015 VESPA voyage (Volcanic Evolution of South Pacific Arcs) was a seismic and rock dredging expedition to the Loyalty and Three Kings Ridges and South Fiji Basin. In this paper we present 33 40Ar/39Ar, 22 micropaleontological, and two U/Pb ages for igneous and sedimentary rocks from 33 dredge sites in this little‐studied part of the southwest Pacific Ocean. Igneous rocks include basalts, dolerites, basaltic andesites, trachyandesites, and a granite. Successful Ar/Ar dating of altered and/or low‐K basalts was achieved through careful sample selection and processing, detailed petrographic and element mapping of groundmass, and incremental heating experiments on both phenocryst and groundmass separates to interpret the complex spectra produced by samples having multiple K reservoirs. The 40Ar/39Ar ages of most of the sampled lavas, irrespective of composition, are latest Oligocene to earliest Miocene (25–22 Ma); two are Eocene (39–36 Ma). The granite has a U/Pb zircon age of 23.6 ± 0.3 Ma. 40Ar/39Ar lava ages are corroborated by microfossil ages from associated sedimentary rocks. The VESPA lavas are part of a >3,000 km long disrupted belt of Eocene to Miocene subduction‐related volcanic rocks. The belt includes arc rocks in Northland New Zealand, Northland Plateau, Three Kings Ridge, and Loyalty Ridge and, speculatively, D’Entrecasteaux Ridge. This belt is the product of superimposed Eocene and Oligocene‐Miocene remnant volcanic arcs that were stranded along and near the edge of Zealandia while still‐active arc belts migrated east with the Pacific trench.
Relationship between mechanical and magnetic properties in cold rolled low carbon steel

Structure-sensitive properties of minor hysteresis loops have been compared with Vickers hardness and ductile-brittle transition temperature (DBTT) obtained by Charpy impact test for cold rolled low carbon steel. Minor loops were measured with increasing magnetic field amplitude, step by step, and were analyzed in connection with the rolling reduction. We found that minor-loop coefficients deduced from relations between minor-loop parameters increase with increasing rolling reduction and have a simple relationship with both mechanical properties, Vickers hardness, and DBTT. We also found that these coefficients have a linear relation with coercive force obtained by the major loop. The present analysis method using minor loops is highly effective for nondestructive evaluation of ductile-brittle transition, in terms of the high sensitivity to lattice defects as well as low measurement field.
A Case Report of Safe Coadministration of Amiodarone with Short‐Term Treatment Nirmatrelvir‐Ritonavir

In their recent article, Marzolini et al. recommend against the use of nirmatrelvir/ritonavir in amiodaronetreated patients, due to a risk of toxicity. They argue that its very long halflife makes it useless to stop amiodarone to mitigate the drug– drug interaction (DDI). The report of our experience illustrates that this DDI could be managed safely provided careful monitoring. A 72yearold patient presented with protracted COVID19. He suffered from follicular lymphoma treated by rituximabc y c l o p h o s p h a m i d e d o x o r u b i c i n vincristineprednisone, and persistent atrial fibrillation treated by amiodarone and anticoagulated by apixaban for 4 months. COVID19 had been diagnosed 3 months earlier, and despite treatment with remdesivir, persistent high viralload shedding and pneumonia were demonstrated, delaying the next chemotherapy course. Considering the risk– benefit balance, we started nirmatrelvir/ritonavir during hospitalization under clinical surveillance and therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM). Apixaban was transiently relayed by nadroparin. Amiodarone was halted 48 hours before nirmatrelvir/ritonavir initiation and restarted 96 hours after completion of the 5day antiviral course. Clinical tolerance was good and TDM of amiodarone and metabolite showed no accumulation (Table 1). The patient improved gradually and his viral load was undetectable on Days 7 and 14 after treatment initiation. Amiodarone is known for its potent class III antiarrhythmic activity. Its lipophilic nature results in broad accumulation in the peripheral adipose and muscular tissues, leading to a large distribution volume and a very long terminal halflife (55 days). The drug is mainly eliminated by cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) into desethylamiodarone, a metabolite with pharmacodynamic effect close to the parent drug. Knowing that DDI between amiodarone and nirmatrelvir/ritonavir is mainly mediated through irreversible CYP3A4 inhibition by ritonavir, acute toxic accumulation seems highly improbable if amiodarone is discontinued before nirmatrelvir/ritonavir initiation. Moreover, the existence of an active CYP3A4produced metabolite— namely desethylamiodarone— makes clinical relevance of the shortterm DDI further questionable. As a matter of precaution, knowing the relatively slow and variable absorption as well as the extensive enterohepatic recirculation of amiodarone, we decided to apply a 2day washout period after the last amiodarone dose before nirmatrelvir/ritonavir start. Our findings suggest that there might not be an irrevocable contraindication for the use of nirmatrelvir/ritonavir in amiodaronetreated patients. Our approach deserves a formal DDI study before being accepted as standard. Meanwhile it should be restricted to selected cases, after careful weighing of risks and benefits, and provided that close supervision, notably TDM, is applied.
Periodic brake orbits in the planar isosceles three-body problem

A brake orbit is an orbit that starts with zero initial velocity. The purpose of this paper is to find periodic brake orbits in the isosceles three-body problem. We use various shooting arguments; we follow a curve of brake initial conditions under the flow until it reaches a suitable surface, and show that the image curve includes a point that corresponds to a periodic orbit. As a result, we prove the existence of six types of periodic brake orbits.
Phylogenetic Analysis and Genetic Structure of Schlegel’s Japanese Gecko (Gekko japonicus) from China Based on Mitochondrial DNA Sequences

Gekko japonicus, i.e., Schlegel’s Japanese Gecko, is an important species which is widely distributed in East Asia. However, the information about population genetics of this species from China remains unclear. To address this issue, we used sequences from a fragment of the mitochondrial protein-coding gene cytochrome c oxidase I to estimate genetic diversity, genetic structure, and historical demography of G. japonicus populations from China. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that G. japonicus had a close relationship with Gekko wenxianensis. A total of 14 haplotypes were obtained, of which haplotype 1 was the most common and widely distributed. The genetic diversity of G. japonicus was comparatively low across different geographic populations. The populations of G. japonicus were divided into four groups which exhibited low levels of genetic differentiation, and expressed an unclear pattern of population structuring. In addition, potential population expansion of G. japonicus has occurred as well. Overall, these results demonstrate that the populations of G. japonicus reveal low genetic diversity in China, which is attributed to the founder and bottleneck events among populations. Our results will provide meaningful information on the population genetics of G. japonicus and will provide some insights into the study of origin of populations.
Acoustic Eigenfrequencies in Concentric SPHEROIDAL-SPHERICAL Cavities: Calculation by Shape Perturbation

Abstract The acoustic eigenfrequenciesfnsmin concentric spheroidal–spherical cavities are determined analytically, for both Dirichlet and Neumann boundary conditions, by a shape perturbation method. Two types of cavities are examined, one with spheroidal outer and spherical inner boundary and inversely for the other. The analytical determination is possible in the case of smallh=d/(2R2), (h⪡1), wheredis the interfocal distance of the spheroidal boundary and 2R2the length of its rotation axis. In this case exact, closed form expressions are obtained for the expansion coefficientsgnsm(2)andgnsm(4)in the resulting relationfnsm(h)=fns(0) [1+h2gnsm(2)+h4gnsm(4)+Oh6)]. Analogous expressions are obtained with the use of the parameterv=1−(R2/R2′)2, (∣v∣⪡1) where 2R2′ is the length of the other axis of the spheroidal boundary. There is no need for using any spheroidal wave functions and the expansion formulas connecting them with the concentric spherical ones. The pressure field is expressed in terms of spherical wave functions, while the equation of the spheroidal boundary is given in terms of the spherical co-ordinates. Numerical results are given for various values of the parameters.
Numerical Analysis of a Two-Dimensional Magnetoplasmadynamic Arcjet

The effect of electrode cone guration on thrust characteristics of a two-dimensional magnetoplasmadynamic (MPD) arcjet was numerically investigated. A simple magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) model was developed and the numerical results were compared with the experimental data for several electrode geometries. To understand the features of the e owe eld, we introduced a magnetosonic Mach number, which is dee ned as local velocity divided by a propagation speed of the MHD disturbance. Based on the magnetosonic Mach number distribution of the e owe eld, the model can explain the thrust characteristics of the MPD arcjet, especially the superiority of a short cathode under various anode cone gurations. Because the electromagnetic thrust is unaltered for the same anode cone guration, the electrothermal component of thrust makes a difference between the long and the short cathodes. With a short cathode cone guration, the large heat deposition near the cathode tip, which is inevitable to MPD arcjets, can be cone ned in the submagnetosonic region where the local e ow is accelerated to magnetosonic velocity. Then the thermal deposition into the submagnetosonic region can be efe ciently recovered through transmagnetosonic acceleration, resulting in a large thrust generation.
An improved finite frequency approach to robust H∞ filter design for LTI systems with polytopic uncertainties

In this paper, the finite frequency robust H∞ filtering problem ( H∞ ‐FFRFP), design of a robust filter minimizing the H∞ norm from the disturbance input to the estimation error evaluated over a prescribed finite frequency domain, is considered for continuous‐time and discrete‐time linear time‐invariant (LTI) systems with polytopic parameter uncertainties. By means of the generalized Kalman–Yakubovich–Popov (KYP) lemma in combination with a result known as Finsler's lemma, the H∞ ‐FFRFP is cast as a linear matrix inequality (LMI) optimization. Examples are given to demonstrate that the proposed condition can achieve improvement over the previous ones in the literature. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Is a linear space contained in a submanifold? – On the number of derivatives needed to tell

Abstract Let Xn ⊂ or Xn ⊂ ℙn + a be a patch of a C∞ submanifold of an affine or projective space such that through each point x ∈ X there exists a line osculating to order n + 1 at x. We show that X is uniruled by lines, generalizing a classical theorem for surfaces. We describe two circumstances that imply linear spaces of dimension k osculating to order two must be contained in X, shedding light on some of Ein's results on dual varieties. We present some partial results on the general problem of finding the integer m0 = m0(k, n, a) such that there exist examples of patches Xn ⊂ ℙn + a, having a linear space L of dimension k osculating to order m0 — 1 at each point such that L is not locally contained in X, but if there are k-planes osculating to order m0 at each point, they are locally contained in X. The same conclusions hold in the analytic category and complex analytic category if there is a linear space osculating to order m at one general point x ∈ X.
Combining the intensity and sequencing of the poverty experience: a class of longitudinal poverty indices

Summary. Traditional measures of the persistence of poverty do not devote enough attention to the sequence of spells of poverty. We propose a new class of indices which measures the severity of chronic poverty, taking into account the way in which spells of poverty and non‐poverty follow one another along individual life courses. All the years spent in poverty concur with the measurement of the persistency of poverty, albeit with a decreasing contribution provided that the distance between two consecutive spells of poverty becomes longer. Moreover, the distance from the poverty line and the poverty persistence probabilities are explicitly taken into account. A macrolevel index, which allows comparisons across nations and accounts for the mobility in the national income distributions, is also provided and it is used to explain the differentials of persistence of poverty among young European adults.
Reliability and Validity of the Emotional Eater Questionnaire in Romanian Adults

Negative emotions and chronic stress trigger abnormal compensatory behaviors known as emotional eating (EE). EE is a well-known mediator for increased body mass index and weight gain. Our aim was to analyze the factor structure and validity and reliability of the Emotional Eater Questionnaire (EEQ) in a sample of 200 Romanian adults with excess weight. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to assess the construct validity. The mindful eating questionnaire (MEQ) was used to test concurrent validity. Cronbach’s alpha and Spearman correlations were used to analyze internal and external reliability. The socio-demographic characteristics were used as factors for convergent validity. PCA revealed the existence of three major factors, disinhibition, type of food, and guilt, which accounted for 64.9% of the variance. Concurrent validity showed medium to large associations with MEQ (r = 0.650; p < 0.001) and a large association with the emotional subscale of MEQ (r = 0.732; p < 0.001). Reliability was adequate with Cronbach’s alfa = 0.841 and ICC = 0.775. In a multivariate model, the highest contribution to the EE score was the age (beta = −0.327), followed by feminine gender (beta = 0.321), high levels of perceived stress (beta = 0.215), BMI (beta = 0.184) and lower perceived health status (beta = 0.184). The Romanian version of the EEQ is a reliable and valid tool for measuring emotional eating in adults with excess weight.
Pixel-Wise Classification of Hyperspectral Images With 1D Convolutional SVM Networks

Nowadays, remote sensing image analysis is needed in various important tasks such as city planning, land-use classification, agriculture monitoring, military surveillance, and many other applications. In this context, hyperspectral images can play a useful role, but require specific handling. This paper presents a convolutional neural network based on one-dimensional support vector machine (SVM) convolution operations (1D-CSVM) for the analysis of hyperspectral images. SVM-based CNN (CSVM) was introduced first for the classification of high spatial resolution RGB images. It relies on linear SVMs to create filter banks in the convolution layers. In this work, the network is modified to cope with one-dimensional hyperspectral signatures and perform pixel-based classification. It thus analyzes each pixel spectrum independently from the pixel spatial neighborhood. Experiments were carried out on four benchmark hyperspectral datasets, Salinas-A, Kennedy Space Center (KSC), Indian Pines (IP) and Pavia University (Pavia-U). Compared to state-of-the-art models, the proposed network produces promising results for all tested datasets, with an accuracy up to 99.76%.
Chile's social outburst: Major arguments and demands by athletes, coaches, and leaders of the Chilean Olympic Movement

The social upheaval in Chile, mainly attributed to inequalities, injustices and inequities, and protected by a political, social and economic systems, among others, was not alien to the Chilean Olympic Committee, its National Olympic Academy and the High Performance Athletes, who convened and developed in Santiago of Chile, the First Citizen Dialogue of the National Federated Sport to address these issues. The purpose of this study, unprecedented for the Chilean situation, was to analyse different points of view and identify the most important and salient arguments relevant to understanding the main demands and proposals made on behalf of Chileans stakeholders. As a methodological approach, the interpretive paradigm was utilized, along with a qualitative approach, based on hermeneutic phenomenology and associated to the main thematic components in Citizen Dialogues. The discussion group comprised athletes, coaches, and national leaders, forming a sample of n = 285 people that congregated in discussion groups. Grounded Theory was used in the analysis, which led to the determination of conclusions regarding the problems facing sport and then, improvements were proposed. In general, there is consensus among the opinions and arguments of the different actors, and very few disagreements. In conclusion, it is clear that sports activity in Chile is still in a precarious stage, with certain characteristics of amateurism in the various spheres, with the absence of adequate resources and an insufficient institutional and organizational framework which has not ensured adequate policies, security, and incentives to the different taking part actors. In-depth measures are clearly needed.