Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Regression Modelling of Disease Risk in Relation to Point Sources

We describe a class of models for the investigation of possible raised risk of disease around putative sources of environmental pollution. An adaptation of the point process method suggested by Diggle and Rowlingson is presented, allowing the use of routinely available aggregated data and incorporating the more general distance–risk model suggested by Elliott and co‐workers. An application to data on cancers of the stomach around municipal solid waste incinerators is presented.
Atmospheric Loss of Exoplanets Resulting from Stellar X-Ray and Extreme-Ultraviolet Heating

Past studies addressing the thermal atmospheric escape of hydrogen from "hot Jupiters" have been based on the planet's effective temperature, which, as we show here, is not physically relevant for loss processes. In consequence, these studies led to significant underestimations of the atmospheric escape rate (≤103 g s-1) and to the conclusion of long-term atmospheric stability. From more realistic exospheric temperatures, determined from X-ray and extreme-ultraviolet (XUV) irradiation and thermal conduction in the thermosphere, we find that energy-limited escape and atmospheric expansion arise, leading to much higher estimations for the loss rates (≈1012 g s-1). These fluxes are in good agreement with recent determinations for HD 209458b based on observations of its extended exosphere. We also show that for young solar-type stars, which emit stronger XUV fluxes, the inferred loss rates are significantly higher. Thus, hydrogen-rich giant exoplanets under such strong XUV irradiances may evaporate down to their core sizes or shrink to levels at which heavier atmospheric constituents may prevent hydrodynamic escape. These results could explain the apparent paucity of exoplanets so far detected at orbital distances less than 0.04 AU.
Visible and far-ultraviolet WFPC2 imaging of the nucleus of the galaxy NGC 205

We have imaged the nucleus of NGC 205 through the F555W and F160BW filters of WFPC2 on the high-resolution planetary camera (PC). The nucleus consists of a resolved cluster of stars extending 7" X 6". The projected radial distribution of surface brightness can be fitted by a Hubble law with a small core of FWHM 214 x 190 mas (0.74 x 0.66 pc). We find that the nucleus of NGC 205 shares a number of characteristics with globular clusters. Absolute photometry is also presented in a half-arcsec aperture and is found to verify the amount of UV upturn observed in the spectral energy distribution of the nucleus by others (e.g., Bertola et al. 1995). Of the hypotheses available to explain the origin of the nucleus, the observations are most consistent with its being an intermediate age cluster. The most likely scenarios are that it is a either a star cluster whose orbit has decayed-therefore drawing it to rest at the galaxy center-or a cluster that has formed as the repository of the gas from generations of star formation. Together with the ground-based measurement of a low-velocity dispersion, the small core radius implies a 107 yr relaxation time, suggesting the cluster core may have collapsed. An upper limit of 9 x 10^4 M_☉ can be put on the mass of any central black hole.
Bayesian Survival Analysis Using Bernstein Polynomials

Abstract. Bayesian survival analysis of right‐censored survival data is studied using priors on Bernstein polynomials and Markov chain Monte Carlo methods. These priors easily take into consideration geometric information like convexity or initial guess on the cumulative hazard functions, select only smooth functions, can have large enough support, and can be easily specified and generated. Certain frequentist asymptotic properties of the posterior distribution are established. Simulation studies indicate that these Bayes methods are quite satisfactory.
Sloping convection in a rotating fluid

Abstract Laboratory experiments on thermal convection in a fluid which rotates about a vertical axis and is subject to a horizontal temperature gradient show that when the rotation rate Ω exceeds a certain critical value ΩR (which depends on the acceleration of gravity, the shape and dimensions of the apparatus, the physical properties of the fluid and the distribution and intensity of the applied differential heating) Coriolis forces inhibit overturning motion in meridian planes and promote a completely different type of flow which has been termed ‘sloping convection’ or ‘baroclinic waves’. The motion is then non-axisymmetric and largely confined to meandering ‘jet streams’, with trajectories of individual fluid elements inclined at only very small (though essentially non-zero) angles to the horizontal. The kinetic energy of the waves derives from the interaction of slight vertical motions with the potential energy field maintained by differential heating, and it is dissipated by friction arising largely.
One, two, many—Judging the number of concurrent talkers.

The ability of listeners to judge the number of concurrent talkers was examined. Ten female and 11 male Japanese talkers each recorded 20 familiar Japanese words consisting of four consonant–vowel syllables each. In each trial, a number of different talkers was chosen randomly from the same‐sex group, and presented synchronously to four native Japanese listeners, who were asked to judge how many talkers were present. The range of talker numbers was unknown to the listeners. To eliminate cues associated with level, the over‐all sound pressure level was varied randomly in each trial, with RMS levels of the individual words equalized. It was found that judgments were nearly perfect for up to two talkers, but deteriorated abruptly for three or more talkers. In the latter case, the number of talkers was underestimated, although estimates increased slightly as the number of talkers increased. Factors that may promote sound source separation, such as lexicality (e.g., forward versus reverse speech) and spatial s.
On derivations of standard operator algebras and semisimple H *-algebras

In this paper we prove the following result. Let X be a real or complex Banach space, let L ( X ) be the algebra of all bounded linear operators on X , and let A ( X ) ⊂ L ( X ) be a standard operator algebra. Suppose we have a linear mapping D : A ( X ) → L ( X ) satisfying the relation D ( A 3 ) = D ( A ) A 2 + AD ( A ) A + A 2 D ( A ), for all A ∈ A ( X ). In this case D is of the form D ( A ) = AB − BA , for all A ∈ A ( X ) and some B ∈ L ( X ). We apply this result, which generalizes a classical result of Chernoff, to semisimple H *-algebras.
The flow between shrouded corotating disks

An experimental investigation of the flow between shrouded corotating disks has been performed. Three distinct regions of flow are observed: a solid body inner region near the hub, an outer region dominated by large counter‐rotating vortices, and a boundary layer region on the shroud. The inner and outer regions were very two dimensional, with little variation in the direction parallel to the spin axis. The shroud boundary layer region was more three dimensional and contained a pair of toroidal vortices whose vorticity was in the ±θ direction. The effects of varying the Ekman number (ν/R2Ω) and the axial separation of the disks were studied. A decrease in the Ekman number or an increase of the axial separation of the disks resulted in fewer large vortices in the outer region yielding an increase in the relative motion in the inner region with a consequent increase in overall mixing. Corotating vortical structures were observed in the inner region at the largest axial separations and smallest Ekman numbers.
Precise certification of the temperature measuring system of the original Koesters interferometer and ways of its improvement

Large Koesters interferometer for long gauge block measurements is known as a unique instrument, which for many decades is being used for the realization of the SI length unit with extremely low uncertainty values. High-precision certification of the temperature measuring system of the original Koesters interferometer has been realized, when using two alternative systems, operating simultaneously. The uncertainty level of each of the reference system is well below 1 mK. Our systems are based on platinum resistance thermometers (PRTs), calibrated directly on a gauge block with the application of the correction on velocity error. Advantages and some drawbacks of the original system are outlined. We show that in the original Koesters interferometer of INMETRO, as a result of systematic thermocouple offsets, which are specific for each particular thermocouple and the way how it is located inside the instrument, the accuracy of the system is limited to about 2 mK. The basic result of this study is that the chamber of the interferometer permits to improve gauge block temperature measurements, when the fine effects, associated with a small overheating of the gauge block surface by the measurement current of resistance thermometer, can be detected. Those effects are energy dissipation of a heat wave during its propagation in the artifact and the velocity effect in self-heating measurements. Local overheating of long gauge blocks by PRT current, which lies in range of ~0.1 mK, is found to be one of the limiting factors in precise temperature measurements of the blocks.
Complex angular momenta and the black hole glory

Numerical calculations relevant for a complex angular momentum (CAM) description of black-hole scattering have been performed for the first time. The study concerns the relatively simple case of monochromatic scalar waves scattered off a Schwarzschild black hole, but the approach can easily be generalized to more complicated situations. The interpretative power of the CAM representation is discussed and is found to be very appealing: all features of the black-hole scattering cross sections can be understood in terms of interference between a few surface waves (represented by a sum over the so-called Regge poles) and a single optical ray (a smooth background integral). In a specific example we show that only one Regge pole is needed to describe the glory oscillations that occur for large scattering angles.
Energetics Analysis of the Global Circulation during the Special Observation Periods of FGGE

Abstract A global energetics analysis is presented for the FGGE SOP-1 and SOP-2 with ECMWF and GFDL data sets. Both global integral properties and spectral characteristics are examined. There is a large discrepancy between the present FGGE analysis and previously available estimates concerning the level of available potential energy and kinetic energy. This discrepancy is attributable to an earlier restriction of data coverage. There is a significant seasonal difference in the energy reservoir of the Northern Hemisphere, whereas the difference is minor in the Southern Hemisphere. This leads to a seasonal contrast of the globally integrated energy budget which comes mostly from the Northern Hemisphere. Both the global energy level and the intensity of the general circulation are more pronounced during SOP-1 than during SOP-2. One major focus of attention in this study is an energetics comparison of ECMWF and GFDL data sets. There is a twofold difference in the intensity of the general circulation as measur.
Fourier series with positive coefficients

Extending a result of N. Wiener, it is shown that functions on the circle with positive Fourier coefficients that are pth power integrable near 0, 1 < P < 2, have Fourier coefficients in lp . The following result was proved (but never published) by Norbert Wiener in the early 1950's. (See [1, pp. 242, 250] and [3].) WIENER'S THEOREM. // YLcneint is the Fourier series of a function f € L1(—7T, 7t) with cn > 0 for all n, and f restricted to a neighborhood (—6,6) of the origin belong to L2(—6,6), then f belongs to L2(—tt,tt). A question which immediately arises in connection with this result is the following: does the theorem remain true if one replaces L2(—6,6) and L2(—tt,tt) in its statement respectively by Lp(—6,6) and Lp(—-k,tt), with 1 < p < oo? In 1969 Stephen Wainger showed, by ingenious counterexamples, that the answer is negative for 1 < p < 2 [4]. If p is an even integer or oo it is very easy to see that the answer is "yes. " For every other exponent between 2 and oo it is "no," as was shown in 1975 by Harold S. Shapiro [3]. These negative results have been extended to compact abelian groups [2]. However, the conclusion of Wiener's theorem can be stated equivalently as "then J2 cn < °°-" This suggested the following theorem. THEOREM. If¿~2cneint is the Fourier series of a function f S Lx(—tt, tt) with cn > 0 for all n, and f restricted to a neighborhood (—6,6) of the origin belongs to Lp(—6,6) with 1 < p < 2, then ^cn < °°> where p' = p/(p — 1). PROOF. (See [3, p. 12].) Let h(t) be the 27r-periodic function which for |t| < -k is defined by M-KIA M Si, I 0, 6 < \t\ < it. Received by the editors March 2, 1987. 1980 Mathematics Subject Classification. Primary 42A32, 42A16; Secondary 43A15. 1 The research presented here was supported in part by a grant from the University Research Council of DePaul University. ©1987 American Mathematical Society 0002-9939/87 $1.00 + $. 25 per page
L2-Theory of the Maxwell operator in arbitrary domains

CONTENTSIntroduction § 1. Classes of functions. Boundary conditions § 2. Definition of the Maxwell operator. Inclusion in the elliptic theory § 3. Bounded domains with Lipschitz boundary § 4. Domains with piecewise-smooth boundary § 5. Asymptotic properties of the discrete spectrum of the operator § 6. Comments and bibliographic notes References
Metric versions of Herstein's theorems on Jordan maps

Let A be a Banach algebra and let B be an ultraprime Banach algebra. If Φ: A → B is a surjective continuous linear map which tends to satisfy the Jordan multiplicativity condition, then we show that Φ comes near to satisfy either the multiplicativity or the anti-multiplicativity condition. In fact, we give a quantitative estimate of this phenomenon. Furthermore, we estimate how much a continuous linear map Δ: B → B approaches to satisfy the derivation identity in the case when Δ tends to satisfy the Jordan derivation identity
Thunderstorm Electrification—A Numerical Study

Abstract The results of a numerical model of thunderstorm electrification that includes riming electrification compare favorably with many cloud observations. A strong electric charge accumulates through two major stages in the cloud: Stage 1 occurs near the cloud top (−30°C) in the developing stage when large space charges accumulate due to gravitational separation between negative graupel and positive snow crystals. Stage 2 occurs near the −10°C level in the mature stage. In stage 2 negative space charge greatly accumulates when negative graupel particles falling from upper levels of the cloud are combined with upward moving negative snow crystals from lower levels. Positive charging of graupel below the −10°C level plays a critical role in accumulation of the large negative space charge at that level. Electric development depends highly on microphysical processes, and different electric structures are calculated for maritime and continental thunderstorms. Based on model results, reasons for infrequent .
Impulse control of portfolios with jumps and transaction costs

An investor holds shares in one risky asset and one non-risky asset for a finite time period. The risky asset moves according to a geometric Brownian motion with jumps at the times of a Poisson process. The investor is to choose instants at which to rebalance the portfolio, pay fixed and variable transaction costs, and consume a non-negative amount of wealth. Total expected discounted consumption is to be maximized. The optimal investment plan is characterized in terms of quasi-variational inequalities. Properties of the optimal solution are derived without recourse to numerical computation.
A discrete random walk model for diffusion in media with double diffusivity

Abstract Diffusion in the presence of high-diffusivity paths is an important issue of current technology. In metals, high-diffusivity paths are identified with dislocations, grain boundaries, free surfaces and internal microcracks. In pourous media such as rocks, fissures provide a system of high-flow paths. Recently, based on a continuum approach, these phenomena have been modelled, resulting in coupled systems of partial differential equations of parabolic type for the concentrations in bulk and in the high-diffusivity paths. This theory assumes that each point of the medium is simultaneously occupied by more than one diffusion or flow path. Here a simple discrete random walk model of diffusion in a medium with double diffusivity is given.
Experimental verification of the Biot-Savart-Lorentz and Ampere force laws in a closed circuit, revisited

In a completely new experimental analysis it is shown that the experimental value of the slope F/sub c/d/I/sup 2/ (electrodynamic force/current/sup 2/) for specific pi-frames is in excellent agreement, within the error, with the value calculated theoretically using the Biot-Savart-Lorentz and Ampere force laws for the same pi-frames, in contradiction to other experiments and theories which state the opposite. In the analysis, which uses the least-square fitting routine MINUIT, the restoring force of the moving pi-frame, the surface tension of mercury, and the pinch effect were taken into account in a precise way. The experiments concerned the quantitative measurements of the force acting on the moving pi-frame from the rest pi-frame, and the current in the closed circuit. >
Tailoring light emission properties of fluorophores by coupling to resonance-tuned metallic nanostructures

We report the enhancement of the radiative decay rate of ${\mathrm{Eu}}^{3+}$ fluorophores by coupling them to nanoscopic gold disks located on a substrate. When the plasmon resonance frequency of the disks coincides with the fluorophore emission frequency, each disk acts as a supplemental antenna for the fluorophore by converting its nonradiative near field into radiating far field, thereby increasing its radiative decay rate dramatically. The radiative rate is measured by time-correlated single-photon counting for resonant and nonresonant metallic nanodisks. Supplementary theoretical model calculations are found to be in remarkably good agreement with the experiment.
SKY GLOW AND OUTDOOR LIGHTING TRENDS SINCE 1976 AT THE LOWELL OBSERVATORY

Urban sky-glow (light pollution) trends, recorded photoelectrically in intermediate-band b (472 nm) and y (551 nm) filters at the original site of the Lowell Observatory on Mars Hill near downtown Flagstaff, Arizona, reflect not just the population growth of the surrounding city but also some ameliorating effects of lighting controls and a changing mix of outdoor lighting sources. Since 1976 the sky brightness increased in b but has been virtually constant in y. New ordinances limit lighting growth near observatories and require monochromatic low-pressure sodium luminaires for most applications.
Second-harmonic generation in periodically poled lithium niobate waveguides fabricated by femtosecond laser pulses

The authors have demonstrated the second-harmonic generation (SHG) in optical channel waveguides which were fabricated in periodically poled lithium niobate (PPLN) by tightly focused femtosecond laser (781nm) pulses. The measured quasi-phase-matched wavelength and 3dB bandwidth for SHG in a 44.8-mm-long PPLN waveguide which has a domain period of 16. 6μm were about 1563 and 0.25nm, respectively. The value of the index difference between the fundamental and harmonic wavelengths in laser written waveguide was inferred to be 0.047.
Azimuthally sensitive HBT in Au+Au collisions at sqrt(snn) = 200 GeV

Author(s): Adams, J.; Adler, C. ; Aggarwal, M.M. ; Ahammed, Z. ; Amonett, J.; Anderson, B.D. ; Arkhipkin, D. ; Averichev, G.S. ; Badyal, S.K. ; Balewski, J.; Barannikova, O. ; Barnby, L.S. ; Baudot, J.; Bekele, S. ; Belaga, V.V. ; Bellwied, R. ; Berger, J.; Bezverkhny, B.I. ; Bhardwaj, S. ; Bhati, A.K. ; Bichsel, H. ; Billmeier, A. ; Bland, L.C. ; Blyth, C.O. ; Bonner, B.E. ; Botje, M. ; Boucham, A. ; Brandin, A. ; Bravar, A. ; Cadman, R.V. ; Cai, X.Z. ; Caines, H. ; Sanchez, M. Calderon de la Barca; Carroll, J.; Castillo, J.; Cebra, D. ; Chaloupka, P.; Chattopadhyay, S. ; Chen, H.F. ; Chen, Y. ; Chernenko, S.P.; Cherney, M. ; Chikanian, A. ; Christie, W. ; Coffin, J.P.; Cormier, T.M. ; Cramer, J.G. ; Crawford, H.J.; Das, D. ; Das, S. ; Derevschikov, A.A. ; Didenko, L. ; Dietel, T. ; Dong, W.J.; Dong, X. ; Draper, J.E. ; Du, F. ; Dubey, A.K. ; Dunin, V.B. ; Dunlop, J.C. ; Majumdar, M.R. Dutta; Eckardt, V. ; Efimov, L.G. ; Emelianov, V. ; Engelage, J.; Eppley, G. ; Erazmus, B. ; Estienne, M. ; Fachini, P.; Faine, V. ; Faivre, J.; Fatemi, R. ; Filimonov, K. ; Filip, P.; Finch, E. ; Fisyak, Y. ; Flierl, D. ; Foley, K.J.; Fu, J.; Gagliardi, C.A. ; Gagunashvili, N. ; Gans, J.; Ganti, M.S.; Gaudichet, L. ; Geurts, F.
Oscillations and secondary bifurcations in nonlinear magnetoconvection

Complicated bifurcation structures that appear in nonlinear systems governed by partial differential equations (PDEs) can be explained by studying appropriate low-order amplitude equations. We demonstrate the power of this approach by considering compressible magnetoconvection. Numerical experiments reveal a transition from a regime with a subcritical Hopf bifurcation from the static solution, to one where finite-amplitude oscillations persist although there is no Hopf bifurcation from the static solution. This transition is associated with a codimension-two bifurcation with a pair of zero eigenvalues. We show that the bifurcation pattern found for the PDEs is indeed predicted by the second-order normal form equation (with cubic nonlinearities) for a Takens-Bogdanov bifurcation with Z2 symmetry. We then extend this equation by adding quintic nonlinearities and analyse the resulting system. Its predictions provide a qualitatively accurate description of solutions of the full PDEs over a wider range of parameter values. Replacing the reflecting (Z2) lateral boundary conditions with periodic [O(2)] boundaries allows stable travelling wave and modulated wave solutions to appear; they could be described by a third-order system.