Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Bigel formulations of St. John’s wort extract in wound healing: toxicological aspects

Abstract This study aimed to investigate the toxicological profile of hyperforin (HP) in silico and to assess it in vivo after topical application of an HP-rich St. John’s wort (SJW) extract. The former analysis predicted low toxicity because of HP’s inability to bind DNA or proteins, but structural alerts for skin irritation/corrosion, carcinogenicity, and mutagenicity were found. Animal studies involved the treatment of excision wounds in Wistar rats with poloxamer 407/borage oil formulations (bigels; Bs) containing HP-rich SJW extract previously developed by us. The effects of semisolids comprising ‘free’ extract (B/SJW) or extract loaded in nanostructured lipid carriers (B/NLC-SJW) were compared to positive (commercial herbal product) and negative (untreated) controls after 2-, 7-, 14-, and 21-day applications. Malondialdehyde (MDA) and ABTS assays evaluated the degree of oxidative stress—treatment with bigels did not affect MDA favorably but led to an increased radical-cation scavenging capacity (compared to controls). Gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), aspartate aminotransferase (ASAT), alanine aminotransferase (ALAT), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) enzyme levels were measured as indicators for liver/tissue damage. Treatment with both B/SJW and B/NLC-SJW for 21 days resulted in lower GGT and ASAT levels than those in controls. Two-day application of the biphasic semisolids contributed to normalized ALAT levels (lower than in both negative and positive controls), and the same trends were observed in LDH levels after a 7-day treatment. The promising results obtained after the B/NLC-SJW application suggest that this drug delivery system may not only preserve HP in SJW extract effectively but also ‘expose’ its cyto-/hepatoprotective potential.
An analysis of the motivations of Oregon's ranchers to diversify into agritourism

Cattle ranches are unique American cultural icons. Unfortunately, ranching is also associated by some with the exploitation of natural resources and labeled an environmentally destructive activity motivated by greedy and neglectful livestock operators (Jacobs, 1991; Wuerthner, 1990). Some believe that livestock ranching is a major contributor to unsustainable land use practices in the western United States (Fleichner, 1994; Wuerthner, 1990). Even so, stereotypes and negative associations have been slowly evolving into a more positive correlation between agricultural lands and conservation of unique landscapes. Such changes are especially evident on privately owned lands where conservation easements and land trusts exist. These official programs and ranchers’ land stewardship management practices result in ranching being increasingly seen by researchers as a way to feasibly conserve open space and wildlife habitat (Huntsinger & Hopkinson, 1996; Wright, 1993). Cattle ranchers have also had to deal with problems caused by urban sprawl, population growth, large lot development, globalization, and market volatility (Natural Resources Conservation Service, 2000). According to the American Farmland Trust (2002), more than six million acres of the country’s farmland were lost between 1992 and 1997 to urban development. This poses a real problem for some ranchers who choose to continue ranching and affects the future survival of a traditional industry on local, state and national levels. In an effort to minimize the economic, social, and operational constraints imposed by both external (e.g., low market prices) and internal (e.g., lack of family involvement) environments, diversification into another commercial enterprise has been gaining favor among farmers and ranchers.
The Pennsylvanian Pewamo Formation and Associated Haybridge Strata: Toward the Resolution of the Jurassic Ionia Red Bed Problem in the Michigan Basin, U.S.A.

Abstract Two distinct and newly recognized, formation-scale stratigraphic units, predominantly red-bed sandstones and shales, are found on the surface and in the shallow subsurface of the central Michigan region. Here, we use core, field, and laboratory observations to document these strata, which we propose as one new formation, the Pewamo Formation. The Pewamo Formation consists of eolian quartz sandstones with red coloration due to iron-oxide diagenesis, and interbedded interdune lacustrine siliciclastic mudstones. We also describe for the first time the Haybridge strata, which contains red sandstones, red and gray shales, and coal, and has plant fossils and paleosol features. Macroscopic plant fossils and palynomorphs suggest a Pennsylvanian age for both units. These newly described continental deposits provide data about past environments, life, and climate for the late Carboniferous of Michigan. In addition, this study is an evaluation of Michigan's controversial “Jurassic red beds” and “Ionia sandstone. ”
Quantitative validation of entrepreneurial opportunity competency model: AMOS-SEM approach

Entrepreneurial opportunity competencies have been recognized as the initial stage of entrepreneurship and is seen as a critical competency needed by technical college students in their training as technicians that will lead them to improve their innovativeness and willingness to start their own enterprises after graduation. The objective of the study is to determine the important elements of entrepreneurial opportunity competencies required by technical college students for self-employment in Nigeria. Descriptive survey research design has been used for the collection of the data, which includes using a questionnaire to determine the respondents’ opinions and views. A structure questionnaire titled “Important elements of Entrepreneurial Opportunity Competencies required by Technical College Students for self-employment Questionnaire (IEOCTCSQ)” with 11 items was designed to collect data. The target population constitute 650 teachers and 241 entrepreneurs. The reliability of the instrument was determined through Cronbach’s alpha and the value obtained was . 828. Accordingly, the data analysis was performed using AMOS version 23.0. The study established 8 important elements of entrepreneurial opportunity competencies in the model worthy for inclusion in the programs of technical colleges of Nigeria. It is recommended that the implementation of this EOC model by technical colleges should be closely monitored by college administrators. The impact of this model may include graduating students with entrepreneurial opportunity competencies who will become self-employed by starting up their own venture.
Synthesis, Characterization of Chromium Oxide Powders and Coatings

The chromium oxide powders are transformed into plasma sprayable particles by using synthetic polymers for agglomeration. In order to carry out the agglomeration process, spray drying technique was employed. This research work highlights the significance of the process variables that control the synthesis of plasma spray powder and consequently, the properties that were suited for plasma spray coating. Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS) was used to characterize the elemental composition, while scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to analyse the morphology and powder grain sizes and X-ray diffraction (XRD) was used to identify the phase structure. And for the development of coatings on the substrates, Atmospheric plasma spray (APS) technique was used. The plasma sprayable powders were created with the intention of investigating for use as corrosion-resistant coatings.
Gas Prospective Areas in the Zagros Domain of Iran and in the Gulf Iranian Waters

In the Province of Fars and in its offshore, gas reserves in excess of 600Tcf, discovered in Permo-Triassic carbonates well sealed by the anhydrite of the Dashtak Fm, were originated from Early Llandoverian highly organic and radioactive shales. The current distribution of this source rock was influenced by the pre-Permian erosion on a system of N-S tilted blocks. Extensive geochemical modeling has shown that oil generation began in the Middle Jurassic in some areas, while the onset of gas window was reached locally as early as Middle Cretaceous. A suite of cumulative isopachs shows the evolution of the source rocks maturity through time. It also provides a reliable image of the geometry of the reservoirs, the long range migrations and the location of large size oil and gas accumulations on a few continuous regional highs, prior to the Zagros orogeny. Huge amounts of gas and limited amounts of light oil later re-accumulated in the Zagros folds, formed during the Late Miocene and Pliocene. The characteristics of the Dalan and Kangan reservoirs, and the areal extent of the Dashtak Fm, which seals the system, could be deduced from paleogeographic reconstruction, distribution of facies, and isopachs. The distribution of the reservoirs, seals, surface oil and gas seepages and hydrocarbon-related indications, together with the location of the gas fields, makes possible to select, among the numerous PermoTriassic prospects, those which are the most attractive. Some prospects may also contain light oil rings below gas. THE SILURIAN SOURCE ROCKS : In the Zagros Foothills of Iran, a variety of Proterozoic rocks were uplifted by Proterozoic salt diapirs (Hormuz Fm), but no source rocks were found in the few Hormuz samples we analyzed. No source rocks were found either in the Cambro
ASSESSMENT OF 17BETA-ESTRADIOL REMOVAL FROM WASTEWATER VIA ABIOTIC AND BIOTIC ROUTES AND POTENTIAL EFFECTS ON FOOD CHAIN PATHWAYS

Removal of endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs) from domestic wastewater is a major concern for the safety of human health and the environment. Human derived EDCs, such as 17β-estradiol, estrone and estriol, are present in domestic wastewater effluent at levels high enough to endanger normal endocrine functions of aquatic organisms, leading to decreased fecundity and feminization. Sorption onto specific media, activated sludge, and extended sludge retention time are key processes influencing EDC degradation in wastewater treatment facilities. Fixed bed biofilters are an alternative to these two separate components; they combine the process of mechanical (physical straining) and biological filtration into a single unit. The goal of this project was to quantify the mechanical and biological filtration potential of three mineral-based media incorporated into laboratory-scale static-bed biofilters for removal of 17βestradiol. Sorption rates were quantified for brick, calcined clay, and sand media by exposing each media to increasing concentrations of 17β-estradiol and modeled the resulting data using isotherm relationships. Calcined clay removed significantly more 17β-estradiol via mechanical straining from simulated wastewater than either crushed brick or sand. At concentrations less than 100 ng/L 17β-estradiol, the clay media sorbed more than 60% of 17β-estradiol from solution. The three media were then tested in a static bed biofilter to examine both sorption and biodegradation by bacterial films
Próba oszacowania maksymalnych przepływów wód lodowcowych lądolodu Wisły na Pomorzu

According to the concept of uniformity in geological processes it was assumed a hypothesis that the beginning of the Pomeranian outwash fans accumulation was controlled by the active phase of the glacier surge when processes of the end moraine ridges incision and the canyon formation started. There were prepared cross sections used for different hydraulic parameters measurements and calculations (e.g. flow velocity and discharges) for 168 canyons on the basis of the DEM. The transition of the instability subglacial drainage system into the tunnel drainage caused violent outburst floods. Estimations suggest the extreme character of the Pomeranian meltwater discharges with a scale of 5×10 to 1×10 m/s.
Artificial Outcrops Give Real Experience in Interpreting a Geologic History: The CMUland Group Project for Historical Geology Courses

A basic goal of historical geology courses is for students to gain an understanding of the methods, theories, and logic used in interpreting geologic histories. This is traditionally taught as a series of individual, isolated lessons in identification of rocks, fossils, and sedimentary structures and interpretations of radiometric dating, sequences of events, past depositional environments, and past tectonic events. A supplemental project incorporating these lessons teaches students to evaluate different types of data and use critical thinking to reconstruct a geologic history. Here, a semester-long, group project has been developed that allows students to use their lab- and classroom-honed skills on real rocks in a field setting. Our “field area” includes 11 artificial outcrops, representing six rock types. Students must: (1) identify rock types and fossils; (2) calculate radiometric ages; (3) recognize stratigraphic contacts, geologic structures, and cross-cutting relationships; and (4) critically evaluate this data to give a chronological history of past environments, tectonic events, and even climate. Assessment shows that student learning was enhanced greatly as a result. Not only did students acquire more experience and a deeper understanding in the mechanics of historical geology, they also gained an appreciation for the work required to interpret a geologic history.
Parameterization of wave run-up on beaches in Yucatan, Mexico: a numerical study

Run-up parameterization is an important tool for conducting vulnerability studies on flooding and erosion in coastal areas. This study makes use of a coupling between the SWAN and SWASH models, to investigate the influence of beach morphology and tidal water level on run-up statistics. Furthermore the applicability of current run-up parameterizations on model predictions for various beach profiles in Yucatan (Mexico) is evaluated. Results revealed that tidal water level has more influence than foreshore slope on run-up statistics. The model simulations at four different Yucatan locations showed saturation of the high frequency (f > 0.05 Hz) swash height and setup with increasing deep water wave height, whereas the infragravity swash height (f < 0.05 Hz) did not saturate for the considered conditions. The simulated 2% exceedence value was often within 25% of run-up parameterizations.
Timing of Synorogenic Granitoids in the South Qinling, Central China: Constraints on the Evolution of the Qinling‐Dabie Orogenic Belt

The ca. 400‐km‐long granitoid belt in the South Qinling is believed to be a synorogenic product of the collision between the North and South China Blocks along the Qinling‐Dabie orogenic belt in central China. Single and multigrain zircon U‐Pb dating of six of these granitoid bodies indicate that the granitoids were formed between \documentclass{aastex} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{bm} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{pifont} \usepackage{stmaryrd} \usepackage{textcomp} \usepackage{portland,xspace} \usepackage{amsmath,amsxtra} \usepackage[OT2,OT1]{fontenc} \newcommand\cyr{ \renewcommand\rmdefault{wncyr} \renewcommand\sfdefault{wncyss} \renewcommand\encodingdefault{OT2} \normalfont \selectfont} \DeclareTextFontCommand{\textcyr}{\cyr} \pagestyle{empty} \DeclareMathSizes{10}{9}{7}{6} \begin{document} \landscape $$220\pm 1$$ \end{document} and \documentclass{aastex} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{bm} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{pifont} \usepackage{stmaryrd} \usepackage{textcomp} \usepackage{portland,xspace} \usepackage{amsmath,amsxtra} \usepackage[OT2,OT1]{fontenc} \newcommand\cyr{ \renewcommand\rmdefault{wncyr} \renewcommand\sfdefault{wncyss} \renewcommand\encodingdefault{OT2} \normalfont \selectfont} \DeclareTextFontCommand{\textcyr}{\cyr} \pagestyle{empty} \DeclareMathSizes{10}{9}{7}{6} \begin{document} \landscape $$205\pm 1$$ \end{document} Ma, supporting the idea that the collision between the North and South China Blocks happened in the Triassic. The formation of these synorogenic granitoids in the South Qinling is similar in time but slightly later than the rapid exhumation of the ultrahigh‐pressure metamorphic rocks and their country rocks in the eastern part of the Qinling‐Dabie orogen, suggesting a close relationship between the rapid exhumation of the ultrahigh‐pressure metamorphic rocks in the Dabie Mountains and the formation of the South Qinling granitoids. According to regional geology, the breakoff of a subducted slab, if there was any, should have occurred at a shallower depth in the South Qinling compared with that in the Dabie Mountains and Sulu terrane. This shallow breakoff is likely to have disturbed the asthenosphere seriously, leading to the melting of the overlaying lithosphere as well as the formation of the granitoid belt.
A cross-sectional study evaluating the knowledge, attitude, and practice of evidence-based medicine among resident doctors of a health-care Institution of National Importance in India

Background and Objectives: Evidence-based medicine (EBM) promotes the integration of updated– best evidence with patient preferences and medical expertise for clinical decision-making. Despite the availability of high-quality evidence such as systematic review and meta-analysis, some clinicians manage their patients based on past experiences and expert opinion. Thus, this study was proposed to assess the knowledge, attitude, and practice of EBM among resident doctors at a tertiary care hospital in India. Participants and Methods: This cross-sectional questionnaire-based study was conducted among senior residents and final-year postgraduates (PGs) who were independently involved in clinical decision-making. By convenience sampling method, the participants were recruited, and the validated EBM Questionnaire (EBMQ) was distributed online for assessing the knowledge, attitude, and practice of EBM. Descriptive statistics were represented as frequency and proportions. Results: A total of 102 resident doctors participated with male preponderance (74.5%). Nearly, 96 (94.1%) participants were already practicing EBM and 21.6% had undergone EBM training. Textbooks (50%) were the most often referred sources for EBM information. Specific EBM databases such as MEDLINE and Cochrane were also utilized by 37.3% of participants. More than 70% of participants understood the terms such as a randomized controlled trial, case–control study, and P value. A higher proportion (80.4%) of participants showed a positive attitude about patient care improved by EBM. Conclusions: The majority of the resident doctors exhibited good knowledge and a positive attitude toward applying EBM in clinical decision-making. Periodic training through workshops or courses and integration of EBM with the PG curriculum would potentially enhance the EBM practice.
Investigation of Conical Magneto-optical Trap as a Source of Slow Atoms

SummaryOne of the key elements of atomic sensors is a cold-atom source. It should be relatively simple, controllable, robust and compact. Conical magneto-optical trap (MOT) can become a useful tool for such devices as an atomic fountain, a gravimeter. We have developed and investigated the conical magneto-optical trap as a source of slow atoms on the rubidium fountain.
A steady‐state mass‐balance model for the franz josef glacier, new zealand: testing and application

Alexander, D.J., Davies, T.R. and Shulmeister, J., 2011. A steady‐state mass‐balance model for the Franz Josef glacier, New Zealand: testing and application. Geografiska Annaler, Series A: Physical Geography. 93, 41–54. Abstract We describe a simple steady‐state mass‐balance model for the Franz Josef glacier, South Island, New Zealand. Instead of using an ice‐flow rule in the model, a simple basal‐shear‐stress rule is calibrated to yield glacier surface slope as a function of ice depth. We test the model against known temperature cooling constraints required to emplace the Little Ice Age moraines. We then use our model to represent the reduction of ablation due to a rock avalanche falling on to the ablation zone of Franz Josef glacier about 10-000 to 13-000 years ago; it shows that at the temperature prevailing at that time (≤2°C cooler than at present, according to proxy data), rock avalanche debris covering a proportion of the ablation zone could cause an advance of the glacier from near Canavan's Knob to the Waiho Loop. By contrast, the 5°C cooling required for a purely climatically‐driven advance to the Loop contradicts proxy data. These findings are of significance to the ongoing debate on the climatic significance, or otherwise, of the Waiho Loop Moraine. The simple approach to glacier modelling developed in this study has the potential to test the effects of climate change and rock avalanches on glacier behaviour easily and effectively in glacial environments worldwide.
Activity and Dietary Spectrum of Golden Langur (Trachypithecus geei) in Kakoijana Reserve Forest, Assam, India

Langurs’ activity patterns and time allocation are primarily determined by environmental and habitat conditions. Activity pattern and feeding behaviour of golden langurs ( Trachypithecus geei ) were studied in Kakoijana Reserve Forest from January, 2015, to December, 2017. Focal animal scan sampling of six social troops (n = 11–20 individuals per troop) was done, and data were collected with a fixed time interval of 5 minutes from dawn to dusk. A total of 9940 scans were collected, and the golden langur has allocated the most time to resting in the study area (52.22 ±SD 3.11%), followed by feeding (28.87 ± 3.14), travelling (7.93 ± 1.47%), vigilance (6.51± 1.59%), grooming (3.40 ± 0.86%) and other miscellaneous activities comprising 1.07± 0.86% (n = 144). About 60% of total daily food was composed of leaves, followed by fruits (13.69±14.41%) and flowers (7.75± 9.91%). A total of 134 food plant species were used by the study troops and recorded in the study area. Albizia chinensis (7.35%), Mikania micrantha (7.08%), Thunbergia grandiflora (6.00%), Litsea monopetala (5.11%), and Albizia procera (4.36%) were among the top annual food plant species of study troops. There was significant monthly and seasonal variation in the plant parts eaten. The finding help in the proper management and conservation of the isolated population of golden langurs, which are endemic to Assam, India.