Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Tylenchus (Irantylenchus) Clavidorus N.Sp. and Merlinius Camelliae N. Sp. (Tylenchida: Nematoda) From Iran

Tylenchus (Irantylenchus) clavidorus n. subgen. , n. sp. is characterized by its moderately developed spear with a rounded to clavated basal swelling; by the ventral junction of oesophageal lumen with spear base (spear lumen), and by the position of the dorsal oesophageal gland-outlet (half to one spear length behind spear base). Tylenchus vicinus Szczygiel, 1970 belongs also to this subgenus. Merlinius camelliae n. sp. is distinguished by the annulated tail tip with thickened cuticle, by an offset spermatheca, by the spicula with curved and notched distal end and by the strongly curved gubernaculum.
Preferences of lambs offered Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum L.) and barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) herbage as choices

Partial preference for feeds in ruminants is a welldocumented phenomenon although their explanation can be elusive. The hypothesis was tested that sheep offered herbage of two annual grass species differing in chemical composition free-choice would select a diet that would maximize the nutritive value of the diet compared with sheep offered each herbage separately through a greater nutrient balance and synchronization of nutrient release for efficient ruminal microbial function. Fifteen male lambs were placed into metabolic cages, and randomly assigned to three treatments (n = 5): Italian ryegrass fresh herbage (treatment R), barley fresh herbage (treatment B) or free-choice Italian ryegrass and barley fresh herbage (treatment RB). Both herbages had similar crude protein concentrations but Italian ryegrass herbage had higher concentration of water-soluble carbohydrates and lower concentration of fibre than barley herbage. Lambs were exposed to the treatments for 15 d. Lambs on treatment RB showed a partial preference of 0AE82 (s.e. 0AE031) for Italian ryegrass. Lambs on treatment RB had higher intakes of digestible dry matter and higher values for nitrogen retention than lambs on treatment B although similar to that of lambs on treatment R. The results for the dietary choices were not always consistent with maximizing the nutritive value of the diet. Other explanations, such as lambs needed to sample and track the nutritive value of dietary options or there was the development of transient food aversions, were also possible.
The cytotaxonomy of three species in the jenningsi-group of the subgenus Simulium (Diptera: Simuliidae) in New York State

The chromosomal constitutions of three species in the jenningsi-group in the Adirondacks and the Finger Lakes Region in New York State are detailed. No sibling species were found in Simulium jenningsi, S. fibrinflatum, or S. luggeri in these areas. The species were found to differ by 6 fixed inversions and by 19 floating inversions. 4 of which are related to sex determination in S. jenningsi. The major chromosomal differences between the venustutm-group and the jenningsi-group are detailed. The ancestral condition for each arm was determined using ex-group and L′ analyses. A phylogenetic sequence for these three species from the ancestral condition is proposed.
A TSK-Type Convolutional Recurrent Fuzzy Network for Predicting Driving Fatigue

Driver fatigue monitoring is very important for driving safety, and many intricate factors while driving make fatigue monitoring harder. To effectively predict driving fatigue, this article proposes a new deep learning framework called TSK-type convolution recurrent fuzzy network (TCRFN) based on the spatial and temporal characteristics of electroencephalogram (EEG) signals. In TCRFN, the convolution block is first introduced to extract spatial dependencies from EEG signals. Furthermore, since EEG noise has a strong spatial dependence, this convolutional neural networks is used to reduce the impact of noise. Additionally, a new local feedback method in fuzzy neural network is proposed to process the EEG signals, which can better capture the temporal dependencies from EEG signals. Finally, a logarithmic spatial firing layer function is used in the proposed TCRFN. The activation performance of this function is smoother, which allows more feature numbers and provides better prediction. The experimental results show that the proposed TCRFN model has better antinoise performance and prediction accuracy compared with other widely used and state-of-the-art models.
Galaxy optical variability of Virgo cluster: new tracer for environmental influences on galaxies

We investigate the relationship between the optical variability of galaxies and their distances from the centre of the Virgo cluster using Palomar Transient Factory data. We define the ratio between the standard deviation of the galaxy brightness and the mean value of the standard deviation as a measure of a galaxy’s optical variability. A sample of 814 Virgo galaxies with 230 263 observations shows a monotonically decreasing trend of optical variability with increasing clustercentric distance. The variability level inside the cluster is 3. 2σ higher than the level outside. We fit the variability with a linear function and find that the data reject a distance-independent model. We examine 217 background galaxies for comparison and find no significant trend in galaxy variability. We assess the relation with Monte Carlo simulation by rebuilding the brightness of each galaxy. The simulation shows a monotonically decreasing relation for member galaxy variability and a distance-independent relation for background galaxies. Our result is consistent with the theory that the cold gas flowing inwards the cluster centre fuels AGN activity. This work is a new implementation of the method using optical variability to investigate the relation between galaxies evolution and their environment.
Sport and physical activity in the urban area – housing estate greens for three generations

Research aim: Playgrounds were historically designed only for children, today we can observe new concept of recreation sites, aimed for all ages. Traditional playground was furniture with kids’ equipment, while universal playgrounds have also facilities for adults. These facilities enable families to play together. Research methods: Research project ds-300 AWF was a continuation of the ds-114 AWF – the MNiSW grant. Using the field survey with participant observations, structured and semi-structured interviews methods, factors determining the ‘inclusive urban playground’ for three generations were identified. Research results: To achieve the open access to the universally designed, inclusive playgrounds for all ages, basic components should be included: physical accessibility, age and developmental appropriateness, physical, social and sensory-stimulating components. Conclusions: Results show that exciting, engaging and challenging sport and recreation housing green areas are important to encourage physical activities for all age and enhance social, mental and physical skills of the three generations.
Decay threshold of acetylated rattan against white and brown rot fungi

The decay resistance of acetylated rattan was compared to beech and pine wood. Calamus manan grown under rubber tree canopy of different ages (10 and 13 years) was acetylated to different levels by reaction times (0·25–24 h) and was subjected to decay against the white and brown rot fungi, T. versicolor and C. puteana. Protection against decay occurred at 13·4 and 9·0% weight gains (WGs) against T. versicolor and 13·5 and 10·3% WG against C. puteana for 10 and 13 years old rattan respectively.
Spherical Gaussian‐based Lightcuts for Glossy Interreflections

It is still challenging to render directional but non‐specular reflections in complex scenes. The SG‐based (Spherical Gaussian) many‐light framework provides a scalable solution but still requires a large number of glossy virtual lights to avoid spikes as well as reduce clamping errors. Directly gathering contributions from these glossy virtual lights to each pixel in a pairwise way is very inefficient. In this paper, we propose an adaptive algorithm with tighter error bounds to efficiently compute glossy interreflections from glossy virtual lights. This approach is an extension of the Lightcuts that builds hierarchies on both lights and pixels with new error bounds and new GPU‐based traversal methods between light and pixel hierarchies. Results demonstrate that our method is able to faithfully and efficiently compute glossy interreflections in scenes with highly glossy and spatial varying reflectance. Compared with the conventional Lightcuts method, our approach generates lightcuts with only one‐fourth to one‐fifth light nodes therefore exhibits better scalability. Additionally, after being implemented on GPU, our algorithms achieve a magnitude of faster performance than the previous method.
Modelling protein synthesis, a step to an accurate estimate of net primary production: Phaeocystis pouchetii colonies in Belgian coastal waters

Light and dark rates of net protein synthesis by Phaeocystis pouchetii colonies were measured in Belgian coastal waters during the spring bloom of 1984 by following I4C-bicarbonate and l5N03/13NH4: assimilation into cellular proteins during natural 1ight:dark cycles. A close agreement was found between the 2 tracer methods. Ambient inorganic nitrogen was shown to be the most important factor controlling protein synthesis in the light, which was considered to proceed at a constant rate in the whole euphotic layer. Protein synthesis in the dark, on the other hand, was found to be controlled by both inorganic N and 'previous light history' of the cells. The relation between specific protein synthesis and external inorganic nitrogen obeyed Michaelis-Menten kinetics for both light and dark processes. The Michaelis-Menten constant K, was 4 µmoles N 1-1 while the maximum specific protein synthesis rates p,, were respectively 3 and 1.8 % h-' for the light and dark processes. The relation between protein assimilation in the dark and 'previous light history' could be expressed by a linear relation between dark specific protein synthesis and the number of hours spent at 3 8 J cm-'h-', the energy threshold for the occurrence of dark protein synthesis. From the knowledge of these control mechanisms a simple mathematical model was established in order to calculate daily integrated net primary production from the hourly variations of light intensity in the water column and ambient inorganic N concentrations. These estimates have been compared with those calculated from classical methods for measurements of primary production.
Histology of chrysanthemum roots exposed to salinity stress and Phytophthora cryptogea

Rooted cuttings of Chrysanthemum morifolium 'Paragon' grown in nutrient solution were given a 24-h pulse exposure to salinity by amending the solution with 200 mequiv. NaCl/L. The cuttings were then returned to nonsalinized solution; one half were inoculated with motile zoospores of Phytophthora cryptogea Pethybr. & Laff, and the other half were maintained as non-inoculated controls. Nonstressed cuttings also were inoculated with P. cryptogea, and roots from all treatments were sampled at various intervals thereafter for light and electron microscopy. Penetration of nonstressed roots by P. cryptogea was frequently limited to three or four cell layers 6–12 h after inoculation. Formation of appositions adjacent to hyphae, increased wall staining density, and accumulation of osmiophilic material in cell vacuoles were associated with sites of limited penetration. In contrast, hyphae of P. cryptogea rapidly colonized salinity-stressed roots, causing extensive necrosis within 12–24 h after inoculation. The cyto.
A Model to Predict Children’s Reaction Time at Signalized Intersections

Traffic accident statistics in urban areas, both locally in Croatia and at the European level, identify children as a group of vulnerable road users. The analysis of the parameters that influence the interaction of child pedestrians and other road users requires special attention. This paper presents the results of research about the reaction time of children, measured both in laboratory conditions, via a computer reaction time test, and in actual traffic conditions. The results of the reaction time test in a situation with expected stimuli (a computer test) of children aged 6 to 10 years were compared with the results of the reaction time of adult traffic participants, drivers, who also took part in the computer test. Standard deviations of the reaction times between the control group (drivers, adults) and each subgroup of children were significantly different (p < 0.05). The results suggest that the largest developmental jump occurs between preschool children and first-grade children. In actual traffic conditions, the reaction time of children aged 4 to 16 years at the signalized intersection was measured. The model for predicting the reaction time of children in real traffic conditions was created using a neural network. The model prediction results matched well with the values measured in actual traffic conditions, for the observed intersection (correlation coefficient is 94.56%) and for the validation intersection (correlation coefficient is 92.29%). Parameters influencing children’s reaction times in real traffic conditions were identified by applying both statistical analysis and the neural network model developed. Using both methods, the same key distractors were identified—the movement of children in the group and the use of mobile phones. The case study was conducted at selected signalized intersections in the city of Osijek, Croatia.
Obstructive sleep apnea and fatigue in patients with inflammatory arthritis taking TNF-inhibitors

p>Background: Fatigue is common in inflammatory arthritis (IA). Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) causes fatigue and is common in IA. OSA and IA are associated with systemic inflammation, including elevated levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα). Tumor necrosis factor inhibitors (TNFi) reduce musculoskeletal symptoms and fatigue in IA. The effects of TNFi on OSA are unknown. Our goal was to explore the relationships between TNFi, fatigue, and OSA in IA. Methods: Consecutive patients starting TNFi for IA and high risk for OSA were enrolled. OSA was assessed with the Apnea Hypopnea Index (AHI) and percent time below 90% oxygen saturation (%time < 90%). Fatigue was assessed with the Functional Severity Scale (FSS). Sleep was assessed with the Functional Outcome of Sleep Questionnaire (FOSQ). IA was assessed with the patient global assessment of arthritis (PGA). Parameters were compared before and after TNFi. Changes in OSA, sleep, and fatigue outcomes were adjusted for changes in the PGA. Findings: Eighteen participants completed the study between September 2011 and February of 2014. The mean age was 54 years. 72% were male. Before and after TNFi: mean AHIs were 12.5 and 13.1, respectively (p=0.97); mean %times < 90% were 29.5 and 35.4, respectively (p=0.18); and mean FSS scores were 43.1 and 41.3, respectively (p=0.08); mean FOSQ scores were 11.4 and 11.8, respectively (p=0.09). Conclusions: OSA parameters did not improve with TNFi, but there were statistically non-significant trends toward improvement in fatigue and sleepiness with TNFi.
Expression of α -, β -, and γ -hENaC mRNA in the Human Nasal, Bronchial, and Distal Lung Epithelium

The amount of fluid covering the epithelium of the airways and alveolar space is modulated by active transport of Na+ from the lumen through the apical membrane Na+ permeant ion channels towards the interstitial space. We have measured the subunit expression of the amiloride-sensitive human Na+ channel (hENaC) by concomitant assessment of α -, β -, and γ -hENaC mRNA in the nasal, bronchial, and peripheral lung epithelia of adult patients undergoing lobectomy secondary to lung cancer. The study employed quantitative competitive reverse-transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction and qualitative in situ hybridization techniques. The hENaC mRNA content of each sample was normalized to the amount of epithelial cell-specific cytokeratin 18 (CK18) mRNA. Nasal epithelium contained significantly more (p < 0.05) α -hENaC mRNA (18 ± 5 SD amol/fmol CK18), than bronchus (8 ± 2 SD amol/fmol) and peripheral lung (9 ± 2 SD amol/fmol). The ratio of γ -hENaC/ α -hENaC mRNA concentration was lowest in the nasal area, and it in.
SUMO-1 promotes degradation of the polyglutamine disease protein ataxin-3

Abstract Polyglutamine (polyQ) diseases are caused by the expansion of polyQ repeats in the respective gene products. Intracellular accumulation of disease proteins is a hallmark of polyQ diseases; however, whether the increased aggregation of polyQ protein is the cause of diseases is still controversial. Efforts have been made to clarify the relationship between protein aggregation and pathogenesis of polyQ diseases. Especially, the roles of post-translational modifications garner attention because of their roles in regulating protein stability and aggregation. Small ubiquitin-like modifiers (SUMO) covalently attach to target proteins and affect the diverse cellular processes. PolyQ proteins such as huntingtin and ataxin-1 are covalently modified by SUMO-1 and consequently accumulate in the insoluble fraction. To study the effects of SUMO-1 on the polyQ protein ataxin-3, we examined SUMO-1 modification of ataxin-3 and tested if SUMOylation modulates ataxin-3 aggregation. Surprisingly, ataxin-3 was not covalently modified by SUMO-1; instead, SUMO-1 interacted with ataxin-3 mostly in nucleus and as a result reduced the cellular level of ataxin-3. MG132 treatment blocked the effect of SUMO-1 suggesting that SUMO-induced degradation of ataxin-3 is mediated by ubiquitin–proteasome system. Chase experiment confirmed that such effects were indeed due to the increased degradation of ataxin-3 by SUMO-1. While the aggregation of ataxin-3 was not affected by SUMO-1, the presence of polyQ-expanded ataxin-3 increased the recruitment of SUMO-1 into nuclear bodies. These results together suggest that SUMO-1 contributes to the regulation of the cellular level of ataxin-3 protein by facilitating the degradation process.
Killer whales (Orcinus orca) in Angolan and Gulf of Guinea waters, tropical West Africa

Killer whales Orcinus orca are considered to be relatively uncommon in tropical waters. Few sightings have been reported from the west coast of Africa due to a paucity of survey coverage. We present data on 32 killer sightings from tropical waters off Angola (N = 18), Gabon (N = 7), São Tomé (N = 6) and Cameroon (N = 1), comprising a combination of dedicated survey sightings (N = 21) and reliable anecdotal records (n = 11). Killer whales were reported from coastal waters, the shelf edge and deep, oceanic areas. Sightings indicate a probable year-round occurrence of killer whales within the region. Mean group size was 5.6 animals. There was no difference in group size between sightings in waters >200 m deep and those on the continental shelf. No photo-identification matches were found between Angola, Gabon and São Tomé. Re-sightings of two individuals occurred annually in São Tomé during 2002–2004. Killer whales had external appearance consistent with the Type A nominate species form. Antagonistic encounters were recorded between killer whales and humpback whales Megaptera novaeangliae off Angola, Gabon and Cameroon, and with sperm whales Physeter macrocephalus off Angola. Predation on ocean sunfish Mola mola was recorded in São Tomé, and possible predation on sharks was recorded twice in Gabon.
Cytological Effect of the Potassium Metabisulphite and Potassium Nitrate Food Preservative on Root Tips of Allium cepa L.

The effects of the food preservatives potassium metabisulphite (PMB) and potassium nitrate (PN) have been studied on root tips of Allium cepa L. (variety Kantartopu-3). Roots of A.cepa were treated with a series of concentrations, ranging from 50 ppm to 100,000 ppm for 3, 6, 12, 24 and 48 h. Examinations of roots were done in permanent root tip squash preparations stained by the Feulgen technique. PMB and PN effect on the relative duration of each mitotic stage as compared with the control. They are also caused reduction in the mitotic index, indicating mitotic inhibition and increased frequency of abnormal mitosis.The type of abnormalities induced are chromosome stickiness, c-metaphase, anaphase and telophase bridges, disturbed chromosomes of anaphase and telophase stages, anaphase lagging and forward chromosomes at anaphase and telophase and micronuclei formation at intephase cells.
The iron mineralization of Spongia officinalis L. (Porifera, Dictyoceratida) and its relationships with the collagen skeleton

Lepidocrocite (γ FeOOH) granules are frequently found in the spongin fibers of some horny sponges. The granules also contain calcite and a small amount of goethite (α FeOOH). In the genus Spongia, the amount of iron is highly variable according to the habitat and to the age of the fiber. Some indications about the skeletal growth and structure can be inferred from the distribution of the biominerals and the arrangement of the crystallites: i.e. (1) Mineralization is a slow process in comparison with fiber formation; (2) Secondary connective fibers may have a discontinuous growth; (3) The collagen microfibrils display a definite arrangement in the successive spongin layers; (4) Although spongin is a collagen highly resistant in vitro to enzymatic digestion, the sponge is able to perform remodeling of its skeleton through autodigestion of the fibers.
Hospitalization and 30-day fatality in 121,263 COVID-19 outpatient cases

To date, characterisation studies of COVID-19 have focussed on hospitalised or intensive care patients. We report for the first time on the natural history of COVID-19 disease from first diagnosis, including both outpatient and hospital care.Data was obtained from SIDIAP, a primary care records database covering >6 million people (>80% of the population of Catalonia), linked to COVID-19 RT-PCR tests, hospital emergency and inpatient, and mortality registers. All participants >=15 years, diagnosed with COVID-19 in outpatient between 15th March and 24th April 2020 (10th April for outcome studies) were included. Baseline characteristics, testing, and 30-day outcomes (hospitalisation for COVID-19 and all-cause fatality) were analysed.A total of 121,263 and 95,467 COVID-19 patients were identified for characterisation and outcome studies, respectively. Women (57.8%) and age 45-54 (20.2%) were predominant. 44,709 were tested, with 32,976 (73.8%) PCR+. From 95,467 cases, a 14.6% [14.4–14.9] were hospitalised in the month after diagnosis, with male predominance (19.2% vs 11.3%), peaking at age 75-84. Overall 30-day fatality was 4.0% [95%CI 3.9%-4.2%], higher in men (4.8%) than women (3.4%), increasing with age, and highest in those residing in nursing homes (25.3% [24.2% to 26.4%]). COVID-19 is seen in all age-sex strata, but severe forms of disease cluster in older men and nursing home residents. Although initially managed in primary care, 15% of cases require hospitalization within a month, with overall fatality of 4%.