Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A short-term, high-fat diet up-regulates lipid metabolism and gene expression in human skeletal muscle 1–3

Background: Dietary fatty acids may be important in regulating gene expression. However, little is known about the effect of changes in dietary fatty acids on gene regulation in human skeletal muscle. Objective: The objective was to determine the effect of altered dietary fat intake on the expression of genes encoding proteins necessary for fatty acid transport and (cid:2) -oxidation in skeletal muscle. Design: Fourteen well-trained male cyclists and triathletes with a mean ( ± SE) age of 26.9 ± 1.7 y, weight of 73.7 ± 1.7 kg, and peak oxygen uptake of 67.0 ± 1.3 mL · kg (cid:3) 1 · min (cid:3) 1 consumed either a high-fat diet (HFat: > 65% of energy as lipids) or an isoenergetic high-carbohydrate diet (HCho: 70–75% of energy as carbohydrate) for 5 d in a crossover design. On day 1 (baseline) and again after 5 d of dietary intervention, resting muscle and blood samples were taken. Muscle samples were analyzed for gene expression [fatty acid translocase ( FAT/CD36 ), plasma membrane fatty acid binding protein ( FABPpm ), carnitine palmitoyltransferase I ( CPT I ), (cid:2) -hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase ( (cid:2) -HAD ), and uncoupling protein 3 ( UCP3 )] and concentrations of the proteins FAT/CD36 and FABPpm. Results: The gene expression of FAT/CD36 and (cid:2) -HAD and the gene abundance of FAT/CD36 were greater after the HFat than after the HCho diet ( P < 0.05). Messenger RNA expression of FABPpm , CPT I , and UCP-3 did not change significantly with either diet. Conclusions: A rapid and marked capacity for changes in dietary fatty acid availability to modulate the expression of mRNA-encoding proteins is necessary for fatty acid transport and oxidative metabolism. This finding is evidence of nutrient-gene interactions in human skeletal muscle.
EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibition by Atorvastatin Reduces Neointimal Inﬂammation in a Rabbit Model of Atherosclerosis

Objectives. To study the effect of the 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA)-reductase inhibitor atorvastatin on the potential mechanisms involved in the recruitment of monocytic cells into the vessel wall. Background. Inhibitors of HMG-CoA-reductase reduce cardiovascular mortality though the mechanisms yet elucidated. Most ischemic events are secondary to disruption of atherosclerotic plaques highly inﬁltrated by macrophages. induced by tumor necrosis factor were downregulated by atorvastatin. Conclusions. In a rabbit atherosclerosis model, atorvastatin diminishes the neointimal inﬂammation, and this could contrib-ute to the stabilization of the atherosclerotic plaque. This may be an additional explanation for the reduction of acute ischemic events in patients treated with statins.
Role of Demographic Variables in Investment Decisions

Investment behaviour of an investor is strongly influenced by his/her risk tolerance level. However demographic characteristics of the investors drive their risk aptitude. Present study aims at investigating the critical role of demographic variables of age, gender, income, marital status, educational qualifications and occupation on risk tolerance level of investors. An instrument developed by Gomez-Mejia and Balkin (1989) is used to measure the risk aversion level. To interpret the results, the scores were evaluated by the theory developed by Barsky et al. (1997) is used. Regression analysis is used to investigate the relationship between above mentioned demographic variables and overall risk tolerance level, high risk tolerance level and low risk tolerance level of investors with respect to investment behaviour. The results of the study indicate that the dynamic role of demographic variable in present scenario is influencing the risk tolerance and aversion aptitudes to a large extent. The regression results indicate that demographic variables of age, gender, income and marital status have a significant relationship with overall risk tolerance level. The results of the study gives valuable insights into investor‟s risk tolerance level which can be used to make necessary changes in portfolio management strategies.
Selective inhibition of T2AA for human PCNA over PCNA homolog in Trypanosoma

Proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) coordinates many functions including cell cycle progression and DNA replication in eukaryotic cells. Inhibition of the PCNA protein function in Trypanosoma brucei could be a new strategy in controlling Human African Trypanosomiasis. In the present study, we explored the function of TbPCNA by deregulation the protein expression through the overexpression, and by applying the small molecule inhibition. Overexpression of human PCNA or T. brucei PCNA wild-type proteins inhibits the parasite proliferation. On the other hand, T. brucei that overexpress the HsPCNA M40A or TbPCNA M40A mutants grew normally, indicating that inhibition of PIP-box protein interaction is important for the lethal phenotype. In testing this hypothesis, we applied the small molecule inhibitor T2 amino alcohol (T2AA). Proliferation in parasites that overexpress HsPCNA resumed after T2AA treatment, but not parasites that overexpressed TbPCNA. We concluded that T2AA selectively inhibits HsPCNA not TbPCNA. This data presented here will be a prerequisite for investigating TbPCNA interacting proteins and discovering inhibitors that specifically target TbPCNA to kill the parasite.
The in ﬂ uence of perceived uncertainty on entrepreneurial action in the transition to a low-emission energy infrastructure: The case of biomass combustion in The Netherlands Technological Forecasting & Social Change

The transition towards renewable energy production will notoccur withoutthe involvement of entrepreneurs who dare to take action amidst uncertainty. In an earlier article, a conceptual model was introduced for analyzing how perceived uncertainties in ﬂ uence the decisions and actions of entrepreneurs involved in innovation projects that aimed at developing and implementing renewable energy technologies. In this article, the conceptual model is applied to stand-alone biomass combustion projects in the Netherlands. Although none of the biomass combustion projects has been abandoned, some entrepreneurs clearly have more dif ﬁ culty to turn their project into a success than others. To create insight into the underlying dynamics of these projects, the article analyzes what types of positive or negative interaction patterns occur over time between (internal or external) factors in the project environment, perceived uncertainties, motivation and entrepreneurial action and how these patterns can be stimulated or prevented. The results provide several lessons to take into account when designing policies for stimulating the development and implementation of biomass combustion. © 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Factor and Epidermal Growth a Cleavage of TNF-Tetraspanins Regulate ADAM10-Mediated

Several cytokines and growth factors are released by proteolytic cleavage of a membrane-anchored precursor, through the action of ADAM (a disintegrin and metalloprotease) metalloproteases. The activity of these proteases is regulated through largely unknown mechanisms. In this study we show that Ab engagement of several tetraspanins (CD9, CD81, CD82) increases epidermal growth factor and/or TNF- (cid:1) secretion through a mechanism dependent on ADAM10. The effect of anti-tetraspanin mAb on TNF- (cid:1) release is rapid, not relayed by intercellular signaling, and depends on an intact MEK/Erk1/2 pathway. It is also associated with a concentration of ADAM10 in tetraspanin-containing patches. We also show that a large fraction of ADAM10 associates with several tetraspanins, indicating that ADAM10 is a component of the “tetraspanin web. ” These data show that tetraspanins regulate the activity of ADAM10 toward several substrates, and illustrate how membrane compartmentalization by tetraspanins can control the function of cell surface proteins such as ectoproteases. The Journal of Immunology, 2008, 181: 7002–7013.
Evolution of Cancer, Adaptive Immunity, and Immunotherapy

: The first clinical trials to investigate the efficacy of immunotherapy in cancer were problematic because of issues related to product availability, cost, and purity. Moreover, these factors could have contributed to the modest efficacy of these agents. The ability to clone specific genes coupled with the development of recombinant DNA technology removed some major barriers such that only 20 years later, approval of the first engineered monoclonal antibody (mAb) for clinical use occurred with practice-changing implications. Subsequent to rituximab, more than 30 additional mAbs have indications for a number of hematologic malignancies and solid tumors. Indeed, the application of adaptive immunity is now an integral component of therapy for many cancers. This paper delves into the complex science of immunology by investigating how the term evolution is applicable to tumorigenesis, the adaptive immune response, and cancer therapy.
Pre-proofs Smoking , distress and COVID-19 in England : cross-sectional population sur ‐ veys from 2016 to 2020

This is a PDF file of an article that has undergone enhancements after acceptance, such as the addition of a cover page and metadata, and formatting for readability, but it is not yet the definitive version of record. This version will undergo additional copyediting, typesetting and review before it is published in its final form, but we are providing this version to give early visibility of the article. Please note that, during the production process, errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain.
Who Benefits From Chatting, and Why? The Roles of Extraversion and Supportiveness in Online Chatting and Emotional Adjustment

The current study aimed to provide more insight into the role of online chatting in young adults’ emotional adjustment. A model was tested that takes into account (a) extraversion of individuals who communicate online, (b) the kind of peers these individuals communicate with online (i.e., online-exclusive peers vs. friends), and (c) the extent to which effects of online chatting on emotional adjustment are mediated by individuals’ ability to provide support to others. Young adults (age M = 18.9) filled out questionnaires about themselves and their fellow students at three measurements with a 4-month interval. Results showed that only for less extraverted individuals, chatting with peers found exclusively online directly predicted higher self-esteem and indirectly predicted less depressive symptoms through increases in supportiveness. Thus, results supported a model of social compensation where effects of online chatting with online-exclusive peers improved young adults’ emotional adjustment. The displacement perspective holds that direct effects of with online-exclusive peers at Time 1 on self-esteem and depressive symptoms at Time 3 disappear after including deteriorating effects of with online-exclusive peers on supportiveness at Time 2 (Path B), which, in turn, decreases self-esteem (Path C1) and increases depressive symptoms (Path C2). In contrast, the stimulation perspective suggests that more time spent chatting with online-exclusive peers may lead to more self-esteem (Path A1) and less depressive symptoms (Path A2). The stimulation perspective furthermore holds that direct effects of chatting with online- exclusive peers at Time 1 on self-esteem and depressive symptoms at Time 3 disappear after including beneficial effects of chatting with online-exclusive peers on supportiveness (Path B), which in turn leads to more self-esteem (Path C1) and less depressive symptoms (Path C2). The rich-get-richer hypothesis holds that chatting predicts more self-esteem and less depressive symptoms more strongly for individuals with high extraversion by improving supportiveness more strongly for these individuals (Path D). In contrast, the social compensation hypothesis holds that chatting predicts more self-esteem and less depressive symptoms more strongly for individuals with low extraversion by improving supportiveness more strongly for these individuals (also Path D).
Complication of Abnormal Placental Implantation Complication of Abnormal Placental Implantation

The objective: To review all articles published from Saudi Arabia for 18 years to illustrate the complication of abnormal placentation. Materials and methods: In a retrospective study, all publications of placenta previa in our region reviewed. The survey conducted at King Abdulaziz University in J, Saudi Arabia. PubMed, which is a free database search, used to determine the number of publications of placenta previa in Saudi Arabia data collected for 18 years from January 2000 to May 2018. Only (ISI) publication is selected “All abstracts that appeared in the PubMed database collected analyzed meticulously for the year of publication, type of research, institute and the region, and the complication that illustrated in each publication. ” The inclusion criteria, as well as exclusion criteria, were clearly defined before the study. The studies defined according to abstract, title, year of publications, the aim, materials and methods, results, and conclusions. Statistical analysis SPSS statistical software (version 22) is used for analysis. Data are coded for numbers and percentages. Results: The number of publication retrieved when we used (placenta previa Saudi Arabia) was 40, but only 19 publications included as for inclusion criteria. Conclusion: Placenta previa is a significant cause of maternal morbidity and mortality. Every hospital must have a clear protocol and a team to manage all cases of placenta previa.
University of Birmingham Opportunistic wetland formation on reconstructed landforms in a sub-humid climate

Initiation of wetland features is integral to sustaining landscape eco-hydrological function and meeting defined goals in surface mine reclamation. Within the sub humid climate of the Athabasca Oil Sands, Canada, the water generation mechanisms (external water sources, internal feedback mechanisms) that enable wetlands to form opportunistically on recently reconstructed landscapes are currently unknown, restricting the flexibility in mine closure planning. To address this knowledge gap, we interpret site and local physical characteristics of opportunistic wetlands within the Athabasca Oil Sands through a synoptic survey. Wetlands formed in ~ 8% of the random survey transect areas designed and planted for forestlands. Wetlands had vegetation structures characteristic of woody Salix spp. swamps and narrow-leaved Carex spp. marsh wetland types, with minor coverage of open water marshes. Wetlands formed opportunistically over a range of slopes, aspects and topographic positions, across contrasting fine and coarse-textured landforms. However, different wetland establishment and maintenance controls exist on fine and coarse-textured landforms. On coarse-textured landforms with large groundwater transmissivity, wetland formation was influenced by landscape-scale factors; wetlands were restricted to the toes of slopes and areas intersecting groundwater. On fine-textured constructed landforms, small and large wetlands occurred on lower landscape elevations with the potential for the external (cumulative) water sources, and in hydrologically isolated locations with little potential for runoff contribution from adjacent forestlands (saturation and wetland formation through internal feedback mechanisms). Regardless of landscape position, wetlands formed on flat areas and in shallow inward draining endorheic pans with clay rich soils where low water storage potential promotes frequent surface saturation. These findings have important implications in landscape reclamation design, suggesting that passive techniques that support internal feedback mechanisms may offer a more cost effective reclamation approach compared to more active, expensive techniques that aim to develop wetlands with external water sources.
Stomatal Behavior and Water Status of Maize, Sorghum, and Tobacco under Field Conditions AT LOW SOIL

Diurnal changes in the vertical profiles of irradiance incident upon the adaxial leaf surface (I), leaf resistance (r,), leaf water potential (4'), osmotic potential (7r), and turgor potential (P) were followed concurrently in crops of maize (Zea mays L. cv. Pa6O2A), sorghum (Sorghum bicolor [L.] Moench cv. RS 610), and tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L. cv. Havanna Seed 211) on several days in 1968 to 1970 when soil water potentials were low. The r1, measured with a ventilated diffusion porometer, of the leaves in the upper canopy decreased temporarily after sunrise [H0530 hours Eastern Standard Time] as I increased, but then r1 increased again between 0700 and 0830 hr Eastern Standard Time as the A', measured with a pressure chamber, decreased rapidly from the values of -7, -4 and -6 bars at sunrise to minimal values of -18, -22 and -15 bars near midday in the maize, sorghum, and tobacco, respectively. The 7r, measured with a vapor pressure osmometer, also decreased after sunrise, but not to the same degree as the decrease in A', so that a P of zero was reached in some leaves between 0730 and 0800 hours. The lower (more negative) -r of leaves in the upper canopy than those in the lower canopy gave the upper leaves a higher P at a given 4, than the lower leaves in all three species; leaves at intermediate heights had an intermediate P. This difference between leaves at the three heights in the canopy was maintained at all values of 4'. The ri remained unchanged over a wide range of P and then increased markedly at a P of 2 bars in maize,
Adipose Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 and Obesity Correlation with insulin resistance and depot-speci ﬁ c release from adipose tissue in vivo and in vitro

OBJECTIVE d To study expression of the recently-identi ﬁ ed adipokine dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP4) in subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) and visceral adipose tissue (VAT) of patients with various BMIs and insulin sensitivities, as well as to assess circulating DPP4 in relation to obesity and insulin sensitivity. RESEARCH d DPP4 expression was measured in SAT and VAT from 196 subjects with a wide range of BMIs and insulin sensitivities. DPP4 release was measured ex vivo in paired biopsies from SAT and VAT as well as in vivo from SAT of lean and obese patients. Circulating DPP4 was measured in insulin-sensitive and insulin-resistant BMI- matched obese patients. RESULTS d DPP4 expression was positively correlated with BMI in both SAT and VAT, with VAT consistently displaying higher expression than SAT. Ex vivo release of DPP4 from adipose tissue explants was higher in VAT than in SAT in both lean and obese patients, with obese patients displaying higher DPP4 release than lean controls. Net release of DPP4 from adipose tissue was also demonstrated in vivo with greater release in obese subjects than in lean subjects and in women than in men. Insulin-sensitive obese patients had signi ﬁ cantly lower circulating DPP4 than did obesity-matched insulin-resistant patients. In this experiment, DPP4 positively correlated with the amount of VAT, adipocyte size, and adipose tissue in ﬂ ammation. CONCLUSIONS d DPP4, anovel adipokine, hasa higher release from VAT that is particularly pronounced in obese and insulin-resistant patients. Our data suggest that DPP4 may be a marker for visceral obesity, insulin resistance, and the metabolic syndrome.
Applied Categorical and Count Data Analysis

Introduction Discrete Outcomes Data Source Outline of the Book Review of Key Statistical Results Software Contingency Tables Inference for One-Way Frequency Table Inference for 2 x 2 Table Inference for 2 x r Tables Inference for s x r Table Measures of Association Sets of Contingency Tables Confounding Effects Sets of 2 x 2 Tables Sets of s x r Tables Regression Models for Categorical Response Logistic Regression for Binary Response Inference about Model Parameters Goodness of Fit Generalized Linear Models Regression Models for Polytomous Response Regression Models for Count Response Poisson Regression Model for Count Response Goodness of Fit Overdispersion Parametric Models for Clustered Count Response Loglinear Models for Contingency Tables Analysis of Loglinear Models Two-Way Contingency Tables Three-Way Contingency Tables Irregular Tables Model Selection Analyses of Discrete Survival Time Special Features of Survival Data Life Table Methods Regression Models Longitudinal Data Analysis Data Preparation and Exploration Marginal Models Generalized Linear Mixed-Effects Model Model Diagnostics Evaluation of Instruments Diagnostic-ability Criterion Validity Internal Reliability Test-Retest Reliability Analysis of Incomplete Data Incomplete Data and Associated Impact Missing Data Mechanism Methods for Incomplete Data Applications References Index Exercises appear at the end of each chapter.
Robust Antiviral Efﬁcacy upon Administration of a Nucleoside Analog to Hepatitis C Virus-Infected Chimpanzees (cid:1)

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infects an estimated 170 million individuals worldwide and is associated with an increased incidence of liver ﬁbrosis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Currently approved therapies to treat HCV infection consist of combinations of pegylated alpha interferon and ribavirin which result in a sustained viral response in 40 to 60% of patients. Efforts to develop improved therapies include the development of direct inhibitors of virally encoded enzymes such as the viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase. A nucleoside analog, 2 (cid:1) - C -methyl-7-deaza-adenosine (MK-0608), has been shown to inhibit viral RNA replication in the subgenomic HCV genotype 1b replicon, with a 50% effective concentration (EC 50 ) of 0.3 (cid:1) M (EC 90 (cid:2) 1.3 (cid:1) M). To determine efﬁcacy in vivo, MK-0608 was administered to HCV-infected chimpanzees, resulting in dose- and time-dependent decreases in plasma viral loads. In separate experiments, chimpanzees dosed for 7 days with MK-0608 at 0.2 and 2 mg per kg of body weight per day by intravenous administration experienced average reductions in viral load of 1.0 and >5 log 10 IU/ml, respectively. Two other HCV-infected chimpanzees received daily doses of 1 mg MK-0608 per kg via oral administration. After 37 days of oral dosing, one chimpanzee with a high starting viral load experienced a reduction in viral load of 4.6 log 10 , and the viral load in the other chimpanzee fell below the limit of quantiﬁcation (LOQ) of the HCV TaqMan assay (20 IU/ml). Importantly, viral load remained below the LOQ throughout the duration of dosing and for at least 12 days after dosing ended. The results demonstrate a robust antiviral effect on the administration of MK-0608 to HCV-infected chimpanzees.
Efﬁcacy of Vaccination with Different Combinations of MF59-Adjuvanted and Nonadjuvanted Seasonal and Pandemic Inﬂuenza Vaccines against Pandemic H1N1 (2009) Inﬂuenza Virus Infection in Ferrets (cid:1)

Serum antibodies induced by seasonal inﬂuenza or seasonal inﬂuenza vaccination exhibit limited or no cross-reactivity against the 2009 pandemic swine-origin inﬂuenza virus of the H1N1 subtype (pH1N1). Ferrets immunized once or twice with MF59-adjuvanted seasonal inﬂuenza vaccine exhibited signiﬁcantly reduced lung virus titers but no substantial clinical protection against pH1N1-associated disease. However, priming with MF59-adjuvanted seasonal inﬂuenza vaccine signiﬁcantly increased the efﬁcacy of a pandemic MF59- adjuvanted inﬂuenza vaccine against pH1N1 challenge. Elucidating the mechanism involved in this priming principle will contribute to our understanding of vaccine- and infection-induced correlates of protection.