Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Inhibition of a cortico-thalamic circuit attenuates cue-induced reinstatement of drug- seeking behavior in “relapse prone” rats

1 Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Michigan, 4137 Undergraduate Science Building, 204 Washtenaw Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States 2 Michigan Neuroscience Institute, University of Michigan, 205 Zina Pitcher Place, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States 3 Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest University, 1 Medical Center Drive, Winston Salem, NC 27157, United States 4 Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, 4250 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, United States
Spectral ringing suppression and optimal windowing for attenuation and Q measurements

In the first part of this paper, briefly the appearance of the Gibbs phenomenon in a discrete Fourier transform and its removal is discussed. The data-flipping method is then applied to suppress the ringing effect in the spectral ratios for a more accurate measurement of attenuation and Q from seismic or acoustic waves. Such a measurement is invariant to velocity change. The second part concerns optimal windowing of wave modes. Data flipping makes measurement less sensitive to window length. A floating-length window designed to pick up first arrivals cycle by cycle improves the result. A pickup of the first arrival up to the trough of the second cycle, instead of only to the zero-line before the trough of the second cycle, gives much better attenuation and Q estimates.
Who’s Watching the Children? Caregiver Features Associated with Physical Child Abuse vs Accidental Injury

Objectives— To compare caregiver features and caregiving arrangements of children with physical abuse versus accidental injuries. Study design— Data came from a prospective, observational, multicenter study investigating bruising and psychosocial characteristics of children younger than 4 years of age. Using logistic regression, we examined how abuse vs accidental injury and severity of injury were associated with caregiver sex, relation to the child, whether caregiving arrangements were different than usual at the time of injury, and length of the main caregiver’s relationship with his/her partner. Results— Of 1,615 patients, 24% were determined to have been physically abused. Abuse was more likely when a male caregiver was present (OR = 3.31, [2.38, 4.62). When the male was the boyfriend of the mother (or another female caregiver), the odds of abuse were very high (OR = 169.2 [61.3, 614.0]). Severe or fatal injuries were also more likely when a male caregiver was present. In contrast, abuse was substantially less likely when a female caregiver was present (OR = 0.25, [0.17, 0.37]) with the exception of a female babysitter (OR = 3.87 [2.15, 7.01]). Caregiving arrangements that were different than usual and caregiver relationships <1 year were also associated with an increased risk of abuse. Conclusions— We identified caregiver features associated with physical abuse. In clinical practice, questions regarding caregiver features may improve recognition of the abused child. This information may also inform future abuse prevention strategies.
Pharmacopée traditionnelle saharienne : Sahara septentrional

The traditionnal uses of plants for medicine were studied in north algerian Sahara. To date, 85 spontaneous medicinal plants have been identified, 35 are reported with the vernacular names and 17, selected because they have common medicinal use in 3 different geographical localities and may serve as an indicator of the major health problems of the populations.
NSCAT normalized radar backscattering coefficient biases using homogenous land targets

The NASA scatterometer (NSCAT) is a spaceborne radar sensor designed to measure the normalized radar backscattering coefficient σ0 of the Earth's surface. Over the ocean, backscatter measurements are used to infer surface wind vectors. Wind retrieval is based on a statistical relationship between short-ocean wave roughness (that causes the backscatter) and the surface wind speed and direction. For NSCAT geometry, multiple antennas are used to provide backscatter measurements at several azimuth directions to resolve wind direction ambiguities. To achieve the desired wind vector accuracy, these antenna beams must be calibrated within a few tenths of a decibel. A simple relative-calibration method is applied to the NASA scatterometer backscatter from homogenous, isotropic, large-area targets. These targets exhibit both azimuth and time invariant radar response. A simple polynomial model for incidence angle dependence of σ0 is used, and the mean radar response from all antenna beams is taken as the reference. Corrections (σ0 biases) are calculated as differences (in log space) between measurements from particular beam and the reference. This simple model is applied to data from the Amazon rain forest and the Siberian plain. These areas are tested for temporal stability within the calibration period (several weeks). High-resolution masks are applied to extract suitable calibration data sets. Calculated corrections for each antenna beam are added to NSCAT σ0 measurements as a function of incidence angle. The magnitudes of corrections show the necessity of on-orbit calibration.
Fe and O isotope composition of meteorite fusion crusts: Possible natural analogues to chondrule formation?

Meteorite fusion crust formation is a brief event in a high‐temperature (2000–12,000 K) and high‐pressure (2–5 MPa) regime. We studied fusion crusts and bulk samples of 10 ordinary chondrite falls and 10 ordinary chondrite finds. The fusion crusts show a typical layering and most contain vesicles. All fusion crusts are enriched in heavy Fe isotopes, with δ56Fe values up to +0.35‰ relative to the solar system mean. On average, the δ56Fe of fusion crusts from finds is +0.23‰, which is 0.08‰ higher than the average from falls (+0.15‰). Higher δ56Fe in fusion crusts of finds correlate with bulk chondrite enrichments in mobile elements such as Ba and Sr. The δ56Fe signature of meteorite fusion crusts was produced by two processes (1) evaporation during atmospheric entry and (2) terrestrial weathering. Fusion crusts have either the same or higher δ18O (0.9–1.5‰) than their host chondrites, and the same is true for Δ17O. The differences in bulk chondrite and fusion crust oxygen isotope composition are explained by exchange of oxygen between the molten surface of the meteorites with the atmosphere and weathering. Meteorite fusion crust formation is qualitatively similar to conditions of chondrule formation. Therefore, fusion crusts may, at least to some extent, serve as a natural analogue to chondrule formation processes. Meteorite fusion crust and chondrules exhibit a similar extent of Fe isotope fractionation, supporting the idea that the Fe isotope signature of chondrules was established in a high‐pressure environment that prevented large isotope fractionations. The exchange of O between a chondrule melt and an 16O‐poor nebula as the cause for the observed nonmass dependent O isotope compositions in chondrules is supported by the same process, although to a much lower extent, in meteorite fusion crusts.
Rate-Limited Sorption and Nonequilibrium Transport of Organic Chemicals in Low Organic Carbon Aquifer Materials

The rate-limited sorption and nonequilibrium transport of several hydrophobic organic chemicals in three low-organic carbon (< 0.025%) aquifer materials was investigated. Results of miscible displacement experiments performed at two pore water velocities and with very low solution-phase concentrations (30-60 {mu}g L{sup {minus}1}) were analyzed using a first-order mass transfer nonequilibrium model, as well as a model employing the local equilibrium assumption. Results of the analyses revealed sorption to be significantly rate limited, possibly by a diffusion-limited mechanism. The impact of rate-limited sorption on transport was dependent upon pore water velocity. The experiments performed at a faster velocity ({approximately} 1 cm/h) could be successfully simulated only with the nonequilibrium model, whereas the equilibrium model was adequate for the slower-velocity ({approximately} 0.2 cm/h) experiments. Comparison of experimental results to those reported in the literature revealed that time scale has a significant impact on the degree of nonequilibrium observed in, and on the values of rate constants determined from, experiments. Regression equations were developed for the two kinetics-associated parameters contained in the nonequilibrium model: first-order mass transfer constant and fraction of instantaneous sorption.
Coherent structures beneath wind waves and their influence on air‐water gas transfer

[1] Coherent structures generated beneath laboratory wind waves were investigated using particle image velocimetry. An algorithm was developed to detect these structures and to determine their size, vorticity, and kinetic energy. As the wind speed increased from 4.5 to 11.0 m s−1, the maximum vorticity of the coherent structures increased by 40%, their average size increased by 20%, their frequency of occurrence increased 400%, and the fraction of the water surface renewed by coherent structures increased from 0.12 to 0.33. Distributions of the total kinetic energy of the coherent structures as a function of size showed that the most energetic eddies occurred in the size range 0.8–1.6 cm in diameter. The near-surface flow could be divided into areas with one of two distinct characteristics: energetic regions occupied by coherent structures and quiescent regions largely devoid of coherent structures. A surface renewal model for air-water exchange was used to calculate the local transfer velocity in both types of regions. The model predicted that the gas transfer velocities in the energetic regions were 2.8 times larger than in the quiescent regions and that 60% of the total air-water gas flux occurred across the energetic regions at all wind speeds. In addition, the rate of turbulent kinetic energy dissipation was ∼2.5 times higher in the energetic regions compared to the quiescent regions at all wind speeds.
Illumination of rheological mantle heterogeneity by the M7.2 2010 El Mayor‐Cucapah earthquake

Major intracontinental strike‐slip faults tend to mark boundaries between lithospheric blocks of contrasting mechanical properties along much of their length. Both crustal and mantle heterogeneities can form such boundaries, but the role of crustal versus mantle strength contrasts for localizing strain sufficiently to generate major faults remains unclear. Using the crustal velocity field observed through the Global Positioning System (GPS) in the epicentral area of the M7.2 2010 El Mayor‐Cucapah earthquake, Baja California, we find that transient deformation observed after the event is anomalously small in areas of relatively high seismic velocity in the shallow upper mantle (∼50 km depth). This pattern is best explained with a laterally heterogeneous viscoelastic structure that mimics the seismic structure. The mantle of the Southern Colorado River Desert (SCRD) and Peninsular Ranges (PR), which bound the fault system to its east and west, respectively, have anomalously high viscosity and seismic velocity. We hypothesize that compared with the rest of the San Andreas fault (SAF) system to its north, the strike‐slip fault system in northern Baja California is narrow because of the presence of the PR and SCRD high‐viscosity regions which bound it.
Expression of a Dominant Negative Mutant of Interleukin-1 ␤ Converting Enzyme in Transgenic Mice Prevents Neuronal Cell Death Induced by Trophic Factor Withdrawal and Ischemic Brain Injury

To explore the role of the interleukin (IL)-1 ␤ converting enzyme (ICE) in neuronal apoptosis, we designed a mutant ICE gene (C285G) that acts as a dominant negative ICE inhibitor. Microin-jection of the mutant ICE gene into embryonal chicken dorsal root ganglial neurons inhibits trophic factor withdrawal–induced apoptosis. Transgenic mice expressing the fused mutant ICE-lacZ gene under the control of the neuron specific enolase promoter appeared neurologically normal. These mice are deficient in processing pro–IL-1 ␤ , indicating that mutant ICE C285G blocks ICE function. Dorsal root ganglial neurons isolated from transgenic mice were resistant to trophic factor withdrawal–induced apoptosis. In addition, the neurons isolated from newborn ICE knockout mice are similarly resistant to trophic factor withdrawal–induced apoptosis. After permanent focal ischemia by middle cerebral artery occlusion, the mutant ICE C285G transgenic mice show significantly reduced brain injury as well as less behavioral deficits when compared to the wild-type controls. Since ICE is the only enzyme with IL-1 ␤ convertase activity in mice, our data indicates that the mutant ICE C285G inhibits ICE, and hence mature IL-1 ␤ production , and through this mechanism, at least in part, inhibits apoptosis. Our data suggest that genetic manipulation using ICE family dominant negative inhibitors can ameliorate the extent of ischemia-induced brain injury and preserve neurological function. A poptosis or programmed cell death is a cellular suicide mechanism under internal cellular control (1, 2). The genetic control of programmed cell death is best understood in the nematode Caenorhabditus elegans (3). Mutations in the gene ced-3 eliminate essentially all programmed cell death that occur during the development of C. elegans (4). Genetic mosaic analysis showed that ced-3 acts cell autonomously to induce cell death and thus, ced-3 is an essential component in the cellular suicide mechanism of C. elegans (5). Members of the IL-1 ␤ converting enzyme (ICE) 1 family are mammalian homologues of the C. elegans ced-3 gene product (6). Microinjection of crmA, a serpin encoded by the cowpox virus that is a specific inhibitor of ICE, inhibited neuronal cell death induced by trophic factor deprivation (7). Peptide inhibitors of the ICE family delay motor neuron death in vitro and in vivo (8). Thus, the ICE pro-tease family plays an important role in mammalian neuronal apoptosis. Traditionally, ischemia-mediated neuronal cell death has been attributed to necrosis, rather than to apoptosis. This is based on the morphological feature of dying neurons of post-ischemic brain …
An Investigation of Self-Regulatory Behaviours of Older Drivers

This study surveyed 656 drivers aged 55 years and older and 29 former drivers in Victoria, examining the extent and nature of self-regulation in this group and the characteristics of those who self-regulate and those who do not. The proportion of drivers who reported avoiding driving situations varied across different driving situations. The most commonly avoided situations were driving at night, at night when wet and in busy traffic. Approximately three-quarters of current drivers said that they had thought about giving up driving one day, however, only 20 per cent said that they had actually made plans for this. The single most important issue that would concern drivers about not being able to drive one day was a loss of independence. Regression modelling was conducted to identify key characteristics of those who avoided any of the eight specific driving situations. This study has provided a rich source of information about driversafety self-regulatory practices. (a)
Gem corundum deposits in Vietnam

Since 1983, gem-quality rubies have been recovered from the Luc Yen and Quy Chau mining areas in northern Vietnam. Since 1991, 'basaltic'-type blue-green-yellow ('BGY') sapphires have been mined in southern Vietnam. This article briefly reviews the history and geology of these different areas and shows the importance of marble and basalt-type deposits. Other types of corundum occurrences are found in amphibolite, pegmatite, gneiss and metasomatite. The gemmological, chemical and isotopic characteristics of these different types of corundum are described. The most notable features of rubies contained in marbles are that many crystals have blue colour zones, and inclusions of rutile, anhydrite and salts. The primary fluid inclusions are composed of carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulphide with native sulphur and diaspore daughter minerals. Sapphires from placers in basalts are characterized by inclusions of columbite, pyrochlore and baddeleyite. The trace element contents of corundums allow distinction of rubies in marbles from sapphires in basalts and metamorphic rocks. Rubies have high chromium (0.54<Cr2O3<O.66 wt.%)and low iron (0.01<FeO<0.07 wt.%) contents. The geological origin of Vietnam corundums can be clearly determined from the isotopic composition of their structural oxygen, i.e. δ 18O = 21.0 ± 0.9% for rubies in marbles and δ 18O = 6.6 ± 0.4% for sapphires in basalts.
Microfossil paleoenvironments and sequence stratigraphy of Tertiary cool-water carbonates, onshore G

The onshore Tertiary Gippsland Basin recordsthe transition from terrestrial sediments to platform cool water carbonates This paper is the first integrated study ofthe carbonate sediments to combinesequence stratigraphy biostratigraphy and paleoenvironmental analyses and then quantify Oligo Miocene eustatic sea level and climatic fluctuations Data for this study are derived from continuously cored wells tied to a regional network ofseismic profiling The 16 000 km2 of the onshore Gippsland Basin containsup to 500 meters of carbonates which are assigned to the Seaspray Group and its con stituent formations including the Lakes Entrance Gippsland Limestone and Wuk Wuk Marl Formations This group is now divided into nine new sequence stratigraphic intervals partTB 14 Early Miocene Based on microfossil evidence eutrophic upwelling paleo environments are suggested for the marly transgressive systems tracts TST s ofthe LEF sequences whereas their highstand system tracts s mixed carbonates and clastics are interpreted to have formed under warm water oligotrophic conditions ii Four comprising the Gippsland Limestone Formation GLF GLF Early Miocene The Early Miocene GLF consists of interbedded marly limestones representing depo sition in cold water mid to outer shelf depths Near the end of the Early Mioceneand the top of theGLF warm shallow oligotrophic condi tions appear in the HST ofTB 2 1 iii One or two inthe Wuk Wuk Marl Formation WWM TheMiddle Miocene WWM records the first twosequences ofthe Mid Miocene Cli matic Optimum with an influx of the Orbulina lineage and globorotaliids They are tied to the sequence chronostratigraphic cycles TB 2 3 and TB 24 Relative depths of sea level change together with sedimentation rates were determined from accommodation calculations on seismic lines fo raminiferal assemblages and durations of sequence chronostratigraphic cycles The data suggest water depths varied between 0 200 m and the secular eustatic variation was similar Sedimentation rate is highest in oligotrophic HST facies The paleoenvironments vary from terrestrial lignites to outer shelfcarbonates overa horizontal distance of 5 km This suggest a carbonate ramp with an average slope of30 existed in the onshore Gippsland Basin during Oligocene and Miocene times A hinge point at the c1astic carbonate in terface allowed Oligo Miocene subsidence and marine transgression into the onshore part ofthe basin The events can be tied to the separation of Australia Lord Howe Rise and Antarctica and the development of early glacialinterglacial eustatic cycles
PERENCANAAN EKO-DRAINASE KAWASAN PERUMAHAN TEMBALANG PESONA ASRI – SEMARANG

As the construction rapidly growing in Indonesia, it causes the land decreasing that can be used to absorb water. This phenomenon will cause an often flood in rainy season and drought in dry season. On the other side, the degradation of land infiltrations as the effect of the changing of environment. Before the development of the area , the studied area contribute s of flow by 0,167 m 3 /s and volume of run-off equal to 601,2 m 3 . After the construction of Tembalang Pesona Asri regency , the post-development peak of flow and run-off volume increase to 0,573 m 3 /s and 2061,8 m 3 . Eco-drainage is defined as efforts to manage the excess of rainfall water by infiltrating into the ground as much as possible or flowing naturally into the river without exceeding the capacity of the river before. Eco-drainage facilities that o ffer ed in this final task included infiltration wells, and bioretention cell. To restore the flow and volume of runoff around the pre-construction condition, the minimum eco-drainage facilities need 177 units of infiltration wells with diameter size dimension of 1,5m depth of 3m , 1300 m 2 of bioretention cell which 560 m 2 located in Blok R and 740 m 2 in Blok A . The construction of this Eco-drainage facility in the Tembalang Pesona Asri regency area can decrease runoff of 1220,419 m 3 or 83,5 % from the runoff water cause by the regency construction. This construction of the Eco-drainage facility need approximately 3 months of time with total cost Rp. 1.209. 126.133 ,- (one billion two hundred and nine million one hundred twenty-six thousand one hundred and thirty-three rupias). The houses total in Tembalang Pesona Asri Regency are 287 units, so each house’s contribution is equal to Rp. 4.212. 983,- (four million two hundred twelve thousand nine hundred eighty three.
Resistance to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in triple-negative breast cancer mediated by a reversible drug-tolerant state

Resistance to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in triple-negative breast cancer can be mediated by a reversible chemotherapy-tolerant state. Metabolizing cancer chemoresistance Triple-negative breast cancer is an aggressive malignancy that is not susceptible to hormone inhibition and must therefore be treated with conventional chemotherapy. This includes neoadjuvant chemotherapy, where the treatment is initiated before surgical resection, but unfortunately, patients develop resistance to this intervention, which makes it difficult to fully eradicate their tumors. By tracking individual tumor cell clones and analyzing the genomics of patient-derived xenografts, Echeverria et al. found that this resistance to neoadjuvant therapy can be mediated by a reversible mechanism targetable by a pharmacological inhibitor of mitochondrial metabolism. Eradicating triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) resistant to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) is a critical unmet clinical need. In this study, patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models of treatment-naïve TNBC and serial biopsies from TNBC patients undergoing NACT were used to elucidate mechanisms of chemoresistance in the neoadjuvant setting. Barcode-mediated clonal tracking and genomic sequencing of PDX tumors revealed that residual tumors remaining after treatment with standard frontline chemotherapies, doxorubicin (Adriamycin) combined with cyclophosphamide (AC), maintained the subclonal architecture of untreated tumors, yet their transcriptomes, proteomes, and histologic features were distinct from those of untreated tumors. Once treatment was halted, residual tumors gave rise to AC-sensitive tumors with similar transcriptomes, proteomes, and histological features to those of untreated tumors. Together, these results demonstrated that tumors can adopt a reversible drug-tolerant state that does not involve clonal selection as an AC resistance mechanism. Serial biopsies obtained from patients with TNBC undergoing NACT revealed similar histologic changes and maintenance of stable subclonal architecture, demonstrating that AC-treated PDXs capture molecular features characteristic of human TNBC chemoresistance. Last, pharmacologic inhibition of oxidative phosphorylation using an inhibitor currently in phase 1 clinical development delayed residual tumor regrowth. Thus, AC resistance in treatment-naïve TNBC can be mediated by nonselective mechanisms that confer a reversible chemotherapy-tolerant state with targetable vulnerabilities.