Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Title : Semaphorin 4 D induces inhibitory synapse formation by rapid 1 stabilization of presynaptic boutons via MET co-activation 2 3 Abbreviated title : Sema 4 D induces inhibitory bouton stabilization via MET 4 5

43 Changes in inhibitory connections are essential for experience-dependent circuit adaptations. 44 Defects in inhibitory synapses are linked to neurodevelopmental disorders, but the molecular 45 processes underlying inhibitory synapse formation are not well understood. Here we use high 46 resolution two-photon microscopy in organotypic hippocampal slices to examine the signaling 47 pathways induced by the postsynaptic signaling molecule Semaphorin4D (Sema4D) during 48 inhibitory synapse formation. By monitoring changes in individual GFP-labeled presynaptic 49 boutons we found that the primary action of Sema4D is to induce stabilization of presynaptic 50 boutons within tens of minutes. Stabilizing boutons rapidly recruited synaptic vesicles, which 51 was followed by accumulation of postsynaptic gephyrin. Newly formed inhibitory synapses 52 were complete and functional after 24 hours, as determined by electrophysiology and 53 immunohistochemistry. We further showed that Sema4D signaling is regulated by network 54 activity and can induce a local increase in bouton density, suggesting a possible role in circuit 55 adaptation. We further examined the intracellular signaling cascade triggered by Sema4D and 56 found that bouton stabilization occurred through rapid remodeling of actin, and this could be 57 mimicked by the actin-depolymerizing drug Latrunculin B or by reducing ROCK activity. 58 The intracellular signaling cascade required activation of the receptor tyrosine kinase MET, 59 which is a well-known autism risk factor. Our immunohistochemistry data suggests that MET 60 may be localized to presynaptic inhibitory axons. Together, our data yield important insights 61 in the molecular pathway underlying activity-dependent Sema4D-induced synapse formation 62 and reveal a novel role for MET in inhibitory synapses. 63 64 65 Significance Statement 66 GABAergic synapses provide the main inhibitory control of neuronal activity in the brain. We 67 make important steps in unraveling the molecular processes that take place when formation of 68 inhibitory synapses is triggered by a specific signaling molecule, Sema4D. We find that this 69 process depends on network activity and involves specific remodeling of the intracellular 70 actin cytoskeleton. We also reveal a previously unknown role for MET in inhibitory synapses. 71 As defects in GABAergic synapses have been implied in many brain disorders, and mutations 72 in MET are strong risk factors for autism, our findings urge for a further investigation of the 73 role of MET at inhibitory synapses. 74 75 2 All rights reserved. No reuse allowed without permission. (which was not peer-reviewed) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. The copyright holder for this preprint . http://dx.doi. org/10.1101/100271 doi: bioRxiv preprint first posted online Jan. 13, 2017;
Fiscal Monetary Services and Inflation

In this paper I use a Fisher ideal index to track the monetary services provided by marketable US government debt. To do so, I ﬁrst develop the theory necessary to consider using such a statistical index number, show how the value of these ﬁscal monetary services expand the ﬁscal capacity to borrow, and provide evidence that the monetary services are primarily safety services. I then use Jord`a (2005) projections to estimate the impact of such monetary services on inﬂation. I ﬁnd that a one-percent increase in ﬁscal monetary services produces a positive and statistically-signiﬁcant inﬂationary response that peaks between four and ﬁve basis points and persists for eight months. Given that the average growth rate of the ﬁscal monetary services in my sample is 2.5 percent, the impact is also economically signiﬁcant. To-gether, these results suggest that there is a monetary services channel to the ﬁscal theory of the price level. These results suggest that there is a monetary services channel to the FTPL. is, while ﬁnding evidence linking the stock of outstanding principal to the price level diﬃcult to come by, my ﬁndings oﬀer another plausible channel.
Mean age of tumor onset in hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC) families correlates with the presence of mutations in DNA mismatch repair genes.

Fourteen Italian families affected with hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC) were screened for germline mutations at three DNA mismatch repair (MMR) genes, MSH2 , MLH1 , and GTBP , by using a combination of different methods that included an in vitro synthesized protein assay, single-strand conformation polymorphism analysis, and direct sequencing. DNA alterations were observed in six instances, including a single base deletion in MSH2 exon 14, an A-to-G transition in the splice donor site of MLH1 exon 6, and two missense mutations in MLH1 exons 5 and 9. A previously reported common mutation affecting the splice donor site of MSH2 exon 5 was identified in two families. No mutations were detected in the GTBP gene. In total, eight of 16 Italian HNPCC families (50%), including two previously reported kindreds, were found to carry a mutation in MMR genes. We compared the mean age of colorectal cancer onset in the index cases (three patients for each family) between the two groups of kindreds, those with identified mutation vs. those without, and found that the first had a significantly lower value (43.0 vs. 53.7 years, P = 0.014). This finding suggests that HNPCC families with a more advanced age of tumor onset are less likely to be associated with known MMR genes.
Machine Learning for Mask Synthesis and Verification

The explosion of machine learning and AI techniques have brought great opportunities of data-assisted optimization for VLSI design automation problems. Recent studies have demonstrated promising results dealing with lithography compliance issues. In this chapter, we will introduce successful attempts using machine learning for mask synthesis and verification, including lithograph modeling, hotpsot detection, mask optimization, and layout pattern generation. We hope this chapter can motivate future research on AI-assisted DFM solutions.
The Transforming Importance of Social Skills in the Labor Market in the 2010s

The growing importance of social skills has led to an increase in returns to wages and employment for workers specializing in social skill-intensive occupations. Between 2012 and 2019, social skill-intensive occupations grew by 3 percentage points as a share of the U.S. labor force. Math-intensive occupations also grew by a similar amount during this time. To analyze these patterns, I utilize a model of team production where workers trade tasks to exploit their comparative advantage. Social skills reduce coordination costs between workers and allow them to specialize and cooperate with other workers more effectively by trading tasks. This model predicts that workers adept in social skills sort into occupations that utilize and reward their abilities more, which is evaluated by looking at the changes between the NLSY79 and NLSY97 survey waves. Using various skill measures and covariates across these waves, I find that the positive labor market returns to social skills slightly diminished in the 2010s when compared to the greater returns of the 2000s. Table of
STRENUOUS CIRCUIT RESISTANCE EXERCISE AND RECOVERY

Ortego,AR,Dantzler,DK,Zaloudek,A,Tanner, J,Khan,T,Panwar,R, Hollander, DB, and Kraemer, RR. Effects of gender on physiological responses to strenuous circuit resistance exercise and recovery. J Strength Cond Res 23(3): 932–938, 2009—Few studies have focused upon the physiological responses to circuit weight training (CWT) in men and women, and an investigation of possible gender differences could lead to optimal exercise prescriptions and improved adaptation outcomes. The purpose of the study was to determine the effects of gender on cardiovascular and metabolic responses to CWT and consequent recovery. Ten healthy men and 10 healthy women completed an initial session to collect descriptive data and determine a 12 repetition maximum (12RM) for 6 different upperand lower-body resistance exercises. This was followed by 2 identical sessions of a CWT protocol on 2 separate days at least 48 hours apart. The first session was used to familiarize subjects with the equipment and the testing protocol. The second session was used to determine physiological responses. Each subject performed 10 repetitions of 6 exercises for 3 circuits at a 12RM load. _ VO2 and respiratory exchange ratio (RER) were continuously monitored, whereas heart rate (HR) and blood pressure (BP) were taken at the end of each circuit. Across the exercise session, men revealed greater absolute and relative _ VO2, relative lean body mass _ VO2, systolic BP (SBP), RER, and recovery _ VO2 when compared with the female subjects. There were no differences in HR, diastolic BP (DBP), or recovery RER. The present study provides a greater insight into gender differences in cardiovascular and metabolic responses to circuit weight training. These gender differences should be taken into consideration for development of CWT protocols for men and women.
Effect of Cinnamomum cassia Stem-Bark Extracts on the Synthesis and Secretion of Insulin in RIN-m5F Cells

: Cinnamomum cassia ( C. cassia ) crude stem-bark extracts possess some hypoglycemic properties through inhibiting the uptake of glucose by the intestines and/or enhancing insulin sensitivity. To further investigate the mechanism through which the hypoglycemic effect is exerted, this research explored the influence of the extracts of the crude stem-bark of C. cassia, with various polarities, on particular aspects of glucose consumption as well as glucose-stimulated insulin synthesis and secretion by RIN-m5F cells. All C. cassia extracts did not enhance glucose consumption when compared to the untreated cells ( p ˂0.001). However, lower concentrations of the extracts significantly increased mRNA levels of Glucose Transporter 2 (GLUT2) and glucokinase genes. Furthermore, all C. cassia extracts significantly stimulated/increased total insulin synthesis (intracellular and secreted) when compared with the control cells, though the effect was not dose-dependent except for water extracts at higher concentration ( p <0.001). The results of this investigation revealed that generally, the extracts upregulated the expression of Musculoaponeurotic fibrosarcoma homolog A (MafA), the transcription factor involved in insulin gene expression, while that of the Pancreatic Duodenal Homeobox-1 (PDX-1) gene was mostly suppressed. In concluding, the results of this study proposes that C. cassia stem-bark extracts may exert hypoglycemic effects through stimulating insulin synthesis and secretion in the RIN-m5F pancreatic beta cells.
Tabletop Extreme-Ultraviolet Source Using High Harmonic Generation for Polarization Sensitive Imaging

Tabletop Extreme-Ultraviolet Source Using High Harmonic Generation for Polarization Sensitive Imaging Taylor Jordan Buckway Department of Physics and Astronomy, BYU Master of Science We are developing a tabletop extreme-ultraviolet source using high harmonic generation at Brigham Young University. The thesis goes over the theory of high harmonic generation using the three-step model. This tabletop source was designed for probing magnetic domains of iron nanoparticles. We present optimization of the 42 eV and 52 eV harmonics through phase matching. Phase matching consists of tuning the intensity of the IR beam and pressure of the gas medium. The target gas medium used for this thesis is argon. The 42 eV harmonic was optimized to 8.2 billion photons per second. This was used with a 1500 mm focal-length lens, 15 mm medium length, laser power of 1.53 Watts, and a pressure of 12 Torr of argon gas. The 52 eV harmonic was optimized to 1.5 billion photons per second with a 1500 mm focal-length lens, 20 mm medium length, laser power of 3.29 W, and 14.9 Torr of argon gas. There are two designs for selection of harmonics: 1) a tunable design consisting of a toroidal mirror and flat diffraction grating and 2) a set of normal-incidence extreme-ultraviolet mirrors designed for 42 or 52 eV photons. Magnetic imaging uses x-ray magnetic circular dichroism to obtain magnetic contrast and use it to visualize magnetic nanosystems. Therefore, the high harmonic source also needs to generate circularly polarized light. Generating circularly polarized high harmonics is possible with a bichromatic beam. This is achieved using an apparatus called the MAZEL-TOV designed by Oren Cohen’s group at Technion University in Israel. The MAZEL-TOV consists of a BBO crystal for second harmonic generation, a pair of pulse delay compensation plates, and a quarter-wave plate. These optics are placed inline with the laser beam. We have successfully optimized the circularly polarized extreme-ultraviolet harmonics with the MAZEL-TOV. A spectrometer was made to calibrate the harmonics in the MAZEL-TOV spectrum. The tabletop source was then used to demonstrated coherent diffraction imaging of two pinholes.
DOES THE CONTENT AND MODE OF DELIVERY OF INFORMATION MATTER FOR ELECTORAL ACCOUNTABILITY? EVIDENCE FROM A FIELD EXPERIMENT IN MEXICO∗

Evidence that information campaigns help voters select better politicians is mixed. We propose that comparative performance information and public dissemination may moderate information’s effects on electoral accountability, by respectively helping voters to identify malfeasance incumbent parties and facilitating coordination around the information. We test these mechanisms using a large-scale field experiment that provided voters with the results of audit reports documenting mayoral malfeasance before the 2015 Mexican municipal elections. We find that neither benchmarking incumbent performance against mayors from other parties within the state, nor accompanying leaflet delivery with loudspeakers announcing the leaflets’ delivery, significantly moderated the effects of information on voter beliefs or incumbent party vote share. Comparative performance information’s ineffectiveness likely reflects voters’ limited updating from the particular comparison provided, while the loudspeaker created common knowledge without meaningfully facilitating voter coordination. The results highlight challenges in designing informational campaigns to capture the theoretical conditions conducive to electoral accountability.
Some recent results on renormalization-group properties of quantum field theories

We discuss some higher-loop studies of renormalization-group flows and fixed points in various quantum field theories Copyright R. Shrock. This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. Published by the SciPost Foundation. Received 31-01-2022 Accepted 11-04-2022 Published 31-05-2022 Check for updates doi:10.21468/SciPostPhysProc.6. 005
Open Research Online ExoMars TGO/NOMADUVIS vertical proﬁles of ozone: Part 2: The highaltitude layers of atmospheric ozone

Solar occultations performed by the Nadir and for MArs ultraviolet and visible spectrometer (UVIS) onboard the ExoMars Trace Gas Orbiter (TGO) have provided a comprehensive mapping of atmospheric ozone density. The observations here extend over a full Mars year (MY) between April 21, 2018 at the beginning of the TGO science operations during late northern summer on Mars (MY 34, L s = 163°) and March 9, 2020 (MY 35). UVIS provided transmittance spectra of the Martian atmosphere allowing measurements of the vertical distribution of ozone density using its Hartley absorption band (200–300 nm). The overall comparison to water vapor is found in the companion paper to this work (Patel et al., 2021, Our findings indicate the presence of (a) a high-altitude peak of ozone between 40 and 60 km in altitude over the north polar latitudes for at least 45% of the Martian year during midnorthern spring, late northern summer-early southern spring, and late southern summer, and (b) a second, but more prominent, high-altitude ozone peak in the south polar latitudes, lasting for at least 60% of the year including the southern autumn and winter seasons. When present, both high-altitude peaks are observed in the sunrise and sunset occultations, suggesting that the layers could persist during the day.
FIRST-YEAR UNDERGRADUATE ENGINEERING STUDENTS

First-year undergraduate engineering students are exposed to numerous stressors, including high academic demands and adjusting to new social support networks. Positive adaptations through the use of personal resources e.g. resilience has been associated with improved well-being outcomes in literature. A sample of 8 first-year undergraduate engineering students was examined in terms of i) the prevalence of Eudaimonic WellBeing (EWB) and resilience and ii) the role of resilience on EWB. EWB was assessed using the Flourishing Scale and resilience was measured using the Brief Resilience Scale. Findings uncovered low prevalence of EWB and resilience in the study population. The means of both FS and BRS scores were found to be significantly lower in the study population, compared to findings from other empirical studies. No significant relationship was found between resilience and EWB. Areas for future research is discussed.
New Complexity Results for Structurally Restricted Numeric Planning

Numeric planning is known to be undecidable even under severe restrictions. Prior work investigated the decidability boundaries by restricting the expressiveness of the planning formalism in terms of the numeric functions allowed in conditions and effects. In this work, we ﬁx one speciﬁc such formalism, simple numeric planning ( SNP ), which, while only allowing linear conditions and action effects to add constants, is still undecidable. We analyse the complexity of SNP by (1) restricting the number of numeric variables, and (2) restricting the causal structure. First, we concentrate on numeric planning with exactly one (numeric) variable. We present a pseudo-polynomial algorithm to solve such tasks, and show NP -hardness and PSPACE -membership for the corresponding decision problem. Second, we restrict the interaction be-tween variables in terms of the causal graph. As our main result, we show that SNP with an arbitrary number of numeric causal-graph leaf variables is decidable, and lies in PSPACE if the propositional state space has ﬁxed size.
PLYOMETRIC TRAINING ALONE

Sáez Sáez de villarreal, E, Izquierdo, M, and Gonzalez-Badillo, JJ. Enhancing jump performance after combined vs. maximal power, heavy-resistance, and plyometric training alone. J Strength Cond Res 25(12): 3274–3281, 2011—The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of 5 different stimuli on jumping ability and power production after 7 weeks of training. Sixty-five (47 men and 18 women) physical education students were randomly assigned to 5 experimental groups that performed: combination of all training methods (A); heavyresistance training using full-squat exercise (i.e., 56–85% of 1 RM for 3–6 repetitions) (B); power-oriented strength training using a parallel-squat exercise (i.e., 100–130% of load that maximizes power output for 2–6 repetitions) (C); poweroriented strength training using a loaded countermovement jumping (i.e., 70–100% of load that maximizes power output for 2–5 repetitions; countermovement jump [CMJ]) (D); and plyometric jumping (E). The CMJ (cm), loaded CMJ (cm), maximum rate of force development (RFDmax) during early concentric phase of loaded CMJ (N s) and power output during early concentric phase of loaded CMJ (watts) were measured before and after 7 weeks of training. Significant improvements in CMJ (from 7.8 to 13.2%) were observed in all groups. Significantly greater increases in power output during loaded jumps were observed in A (10–13%) and D (8–12%) groups compared with in the other groups. Significant increases in RFDmax were observed in A (20–30%), C (18–26%), and D (20–26%) groups. The results of this study provide evidence to suggest that if training program is designed and implemented correctly, both traditional slow velocity training and faster poweroriented strength training alone, or in combination with plyometric training, would provide a positive training stimulus to enhance jumping performance.
The freshwater transport and dynamics of the western Maine coastal current

Observations in the Gulf of Maine, USA, were used to characterize the freshwater transport, temporal variability and dynamics of the western Maine coastal current. These observations included moored measurements, multiple hydrographic surveys, and drifter releases during April–July of 1993 and 1994. There is a strong seasonal signal in salinity and along-shore velocity of the coastal current, caused by the freshwater inputs of the rivers entering the western Gulf. Surface salinity within the coastal current during the spring freshet is typically 2 psu below ambient, and along-shore currents in the surface layer are directed southwestward at speeds of 0.10–0.20m s , occasionally reaching 0.50m s . The plume thickness is typically 10–20m in water depths of 50–100m, thus it is well isolated from the bottom over most of its areal extent. The along-coast freshwater transport within the plume varies considerably due to variations in wind stress, but on time scales of weeks to months it follows the variations of riverine input, with a time lag consistent with the advective velocity. Less than half of the transport of the coastal current is explained by the baroclinic gradient; the barotropic forcing associated with the larger-scale dynamics of the Gulf of Maine accounts for about 60% of the transport. The volume of freshwater transport in the coastal current exceeds the local riverine input of fresh water by 30%, suggesting a significant contribution of freshwater transport from the St. John River, 500 km northeastward. The measurements within the western Maine coastal current, however, indicate a significant decrease in the baroclinic transport of fresh water along the coast, with an e-folding scale of approximately 200 km. r 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Research_9762746 1..17

State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Biomaterial Fiber and Modern Textile, Chongqing 400715, China Division of Trauma and Surgical Intensive Care Unit, Research Institute of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210002 Jiangsu Province, China Institute of Textiles and Clothing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong