Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An Investigation into the Prevention of Dark Cutting in Cattle Due to the Effects of Altitude and Silage

The objective of the study was to investigate methods for the prevention of dark cutting in meat from cattle due to high altitude origin and silage use in fattening. Brown Swiss male vealers (n=83) were sourced from the highlands of the Eastern Anatolian Region of Turkey, where the altitude is approximately 1.800 m, and transported to Antalya province. Holstein male vealers (n=43) were sourced from Antalya province. Both Brown Swiss and Holstein male veal were divided into four groups. Group-I: Basic ration plus sunflower meal (SFM); Group-II: Basic ration(BR) plus sunflower meal(SFM) and 2.000 IU vitamin E/head/day; Group III: Basic ration(BR) plus cottonseed meal(CSM) and 2.000 IU vitamin E/head/day and Group IV: Basic ration(BR) plus cottonseed meal. Vitamin E supplements were provided for 120 day before slaughter. Mean musculus longissimus dorsi dark carcass rates measured in Brown Swiss and Holstein male vealers were 55.40% and 67.40% at pH≤6.01, respectively, at 24 h after slaughter. Vit-E supplementation lessened the dark carcass problem so meat color traits of bulls transported from high altitude to low altitude and raised with high levels of silage can be improved with cottonseed meal plus Vit-E supplementation.
Relationship between brain morphology and ecology in New Zealand Galaxiidae, particularly Galaxias vulgaris (Pisces: Salmoniformes)

Size‐related changes in the relative proportions of the forebrain, optic lobes, and cerebellum occur in Galaxias vulgaris Stokell. The relative increase in size of the forebrain and reduction in size of the optic lobes are associated with a change from the free‐swimming existence of recently hatched fish to the cryptic habits of adults. The relative increase in size of the cerebellum is associated with a move from quiet waters to riffles. Dorsal brain patterns of juvenile and adult G. vulgaris, Galaxias maculatus (Jenyns), and Neochanna burrowsius (Phillipps) are compared and related to the known ecology of these species. Inferences are drawn on the ecology of the less well known Galaxiidae by comparing their dorsal brain patterns with those of G. vulgaris, G. maculatus, and N. burrowsius.
A GENETIC ASSESSMENT OF THE EASTERN WOLF (CANIS LYCAON) IN ALGONQUIN PROVINCIAL PARK

Abstract Recent genetic data indicate that the eastern wolf is not a subspecies of the gray wolf (Canis lupus), but is a North American wolf more similar to the red wolf (C. rufus) and closely related to the coyote (C. latrans). The eastern wolf has been proposed as a separate species, C. lycaon. The largest protected area containing this wolf is Algonquin Provincial Park in Ontario, Canada, which is bounded to the south by areas containing the Tweed wolf or eastern coyote, a hybrid of the western coyote and eastern wolf. We assessed the relationships of animals in the park by using DNA profiles that comprised the genotype from 17 autosomal and 4 Y-linked microsatellite loci and the mitochondrial DNA control region. These profiles were used to establish maternity, paternity, and kin relationships for 102 wolves that were studied from 24 packs over a 12-year period. Genetic data do not support the hypothesis that a pack comprises an unrelated breeding pair and their offspring. There is evidence of frequent pack splitting, pack fusion, and adoption. Some unrelated individuals in the packs were identified as immigrants into the park. We found high levels of genetic structuring between the Tweed wolves to the southeast and the Algonquin Park wolves (RST = 0.114). Lower levels of genetic differentiation with animals to the north and west (RST = 0.057 and RST = 0.036) and high genetic diversity suggest that park animals are not an island population but the southern part of a larger metapopulation of C. lycaon.
Dynamics of shallow-water assemblages in the Saipan Lagoon

The Saipan Lagoon (Northern Mariana Islands) was first examined for benthic compo- sition and habitat distribution in the late 1940s. Here, we employ a 4-stage approach to evaluate and explain change in the distribution of the 9 habitats previously demarcated. We show that there have been considerable reductions in seagrass, staghorn Acropora, and Acropora palifera dominated habi- tats (-3.72, -1.26, and -1.37 km 2 , respectively) that were replaced by 6.16 km 2 of sand (~20% of the lagoon area). Multiple regressions showed that the spatial extent of Enhalus seagrass was positively related with, and best predicted by, the adjacent watershed area and lagoon width. Although the interaction was not as strong, Enhalus also increased in accordance with human development. The size of the Halodule seagrass and macroalgal habitat was negatively related to water-flow velocities and positively related to human development, while its integrity (i.e. the density of seagrass within a given habitat) decreased with human development. Taken together, the results suggest Enhalus and Halodule respond differently to proxies of watershed pollution, and contradict contemporary doctrine linking pollution with reduced seagrass density. This study found no relationship between offshore habitats and watershed characteristics, but suggests their expansion and contraction on relatively short time scales is a result of large-scale disturbances such as typhoons. We posit that, while habitat integrity can be altered by human disturbances, habitat identity is only altered under extreme condi- tions. In summary, this study advances habitat mapping by increasing resolution and accuracy, which, in turn, improves the texture at which reef ecology is used by management.
Why one e‐business adoption model won't fit all firm sizes: The case of Lebanon's e‐service industry

This study aims to determine the influential factors for e‐readiness among enterprises in developing countries based on their size. Given the well‐recognized value of e‐readiness in promoting e‐business in developing economies, and based on the Perceived e‐Readiness Model that was previously suggested in the literature, the study considered the impact of internal and external factors by firm size on the adoption of e‐business. Survey data were collected from 276 Lebanese senior managers operating in the e‐service industry, and a multiple discriminant function analysis was used to determine whether a set of variables is effective in predicting the e‐readiness of enterprises in two size categories, that is, large and small to medium enterprises. The study observed that the factors that influence enterprises' e‐business adoption vary depending on the firm's size and that one adoption model does not fit “e‐service firms” of different sizes. Large enterprises are more influenced by managers' commitment and the e‐readiness of supporting industries than their smaller counterparts. The research findings will be of interest to managers, policymakers, and academics in the e‐services industry.
Assessing the Predictive Validity of Simple Dementia Risk Models in Harmonized Stroke Cohorts

Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text. Background and Purpose: Stroke is associated with an increased risk of dementia. To assist in the early identification of individuals at high risk of future dementia, numerous prediction models have been developed for use in the general population. However, it is not known whether such models also provide accurate predictions among stroke patients. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine whether existing dementia risk prediction models that were developed for use in the general population can also be applied to individuals with a history of stroke to predict poststroke dementia with equivalent predictive validity. Methods: Data were harmonized from 4 stroke studies (follow-up range, ≈12–18 months poststroke) from Hong Kong, the United States, the Netherlands, and France. Regression analysis was used to test 3 risk prediction models: the Cardiovascular Risk Factors, Aging and Dementia score, the Australian National University Alzheimer Disease Risk Index, and the Brief Dementia Screening Indicator. Model performance or discrimination accuracy was assessed using the C statistic or area under the curve. Calibration was tested using the Grønnesby and Borgan and the goodness-of-fit tests. Results: The predictive accuracy of the models varied but was generally low compared with the original development cohorts, with the Australian National University Alzheimer Disease Risk Index (C-statistic, 0.66) and the Brief Dementia Screening Indicator (C-statistic, 0.61) both performing better than the Cardiovascular Risk Factors, Aging and Dementia score (area under the curve, 0.53). Conclusions: Dementia risk prediction models developed for the general population do not perform well in individuals with stroke. Their poor performance could have been due to the need for additional or different predictors related to stroke and vascular risk factors or methodological differences across studies (eg, length of follow-up, age distribution). Future work is needed to develop simple and cost-effective risk prediction models specific to poststroke dementia.
Reproductive biology of Argenteohyla siemersi pederseni Williams and Bosso, 1994 (Anura: Hylidae) in northeastern Argentina

The present study describes the reproductive biology of Argenteohyla siemersi pederseni in a modified “quebracho” forest of Schinopsis balansae in northeastern Argentina. Observations were made between January 2007 and March 2009 at El Perichón, Corrientes Province, Argentina. Argenteohyla s. pederseni bred once per year over a 3-day period in a semi-permanent pond during the first spring rains in mid-September. Males called while floating on the water surface. The advertisement call was short and repeated at regular intervals in relatively fast succession, forming groups of multiple calls. Aggressive calls were evoked in two different agonistic interactions. Eggs were black, laid in three-dimensional arrangements interspersed within the submerged vegetation. Egg number per clutch ranged from 2638 to 8987. Tadpole redescription shows many differences and similarities with previous descriptions. The reproductive biology of A. s. pederseni has several similarities with another pond-dwelling casque-headed frog species.
HCMV gB genotypes in cervical secretion and placenta tissues in the state of Espírito Santo, Southeastearn Brazil

Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) displays genetic variability in several regions, supposed to be related with strain-specific tissue tropism and immunopathogenesis. Based on sequence variation in the UL55 gene that encodes gB glycoprotein, HCMV strains can be assigned to one of four genotypes. Previous studies have addressed gB genotyping mostly by investigating strains derived from immunosuppressed patients, sometimes without previous knowledge about genotype distribution in a geographic area. The present study verified the distribution of HCMV gB genotypes of strains obtained from immunocompetent women at Vitoria City, Espirito Santo State, Southeastern, Brazil. The HCMV genome was extracted from their cervical secretion, fetal and maternal placenta tissues (chorionic villous and decidua) from abortion cases and from white blood cells (WBCs). HCMV genotyping was performed by restriction fragment length polymorphism analyses of amplified product from the high variability site of the UL55 gene. All four genotypes were observed in both cervical secretion and placenta, whereas in WBCs a single gB1 genotype was detected. HCMV gB1 and gB2 genotypes were detected, respectively, in nine and in six of the 23 studied samples, while gB3 and gB4 were each found in four separate samples of the total. The differences in genotype frequency were not considered statistically significant. No mixed genotype infection was observed. The results indicated that the four gB HCMV genotypes had no particular tropism for placenta tissues and that all genotypes circulated within immunocompetent women at the time and in the region of study.
Bayesian Transfer Learning for Object Detection in Optical Remote Sensing Images

In the literature of object detection in optical remote sensing images, a popular pipeline is first modifying an off-the-shelf deep neural network, then initializing the modified network by pretrained weights on a source data set, and finally fine-tuning the network on a target data set. The procedure works well in practice but might not make full use of underlying knowledge implied by pretrained weights. In this article, we propose a novel method, referred to as Fisher regularization, for efficient knowledge transferring. Based on Bayes’ theorem, the method stores underlying knowledge into a Fisher information matrix and fine-tunes parameters based on the knowledge. The proposed method would not introduce extra parameters and is less sensitive to hyperparameters than classical weight decay. Experiments on NWPUVHR-10 and DOTA data sets show that the proposed method is effective and works well with different object detectors.
Medicinal plants in Himachal Pradesh, north western Himalaya, India

Himachal Pradesh, in the Indian Himalaya, has a rich diversity of medicinal plants, which are widely used. This paper brings together existing information with the results from recent field surveys. A total of 643 species of medicinal plants are identified; many different plant parts are used for the treatment of various ailments. The number of medicinal plant species decreased with increasing altitude. The plants are classified according to nativeness, endemism, and rarity, and prioritized for cultivation. Existing strategies for in-situ and ex-situ conservation, cultivation and propagation are reviewed and a range of actions for cooperative implementation by all stakeholders are suggested.
External Diseconomies of Business Improvement Districts: Negative Impact on Residential Property Values – Evidence from the City of Westminster

ABSTRACT The study was conducted in the City of Westminster in the UK, in which eight BIDs have been established since the Business Improvement Districts Regulations were enacted in 2004. The purpose of this study is to examine whether the establishment of BIDs has had a negative impact on residential property values in response to criticism that BIDs disproportionately represent commercial interests, and hence while business and property owners benefit from BIDs, local residents are disadvantaged. Data used in this study were obtained from the Land Registry’s Price Paid Data (PPD) from 2005 to 2015, and the analysis was based on a hedonic pricing model and the difference in differences method. The findings indicate that BIDs have a statistically significant positive effect on the value of residential properties located within their “boundaries”, but a statistically significant negative effect on those in their “operating area”. In short, the results indicate that BIDs might depress residential property values in their operating areas.
Host cell–plasmid interactions in the expression of DNA donor activity by F+ strains of Escherichia coli K‐12

DNA transfer directly from cell to cell (conjugation) is common among prokaryotes, particularly Gram‐negative bacteria like Escherichia coli. The phenomenon invariably requires a set of plasmid genes in the DNA donor cell. In addition, E. coli itself makes limited and specific contributions to the donor activity of strains carrying the conjugative plasmid F. These contributions have yet to be defined biochemically, but it is already clear that the cell envelope is an importan nexus between plasmid‐ and chromosome‐encoded proteins required for the establishment and maintenance of DNA donor activity.
Glutamic Acid Production in Biotin-rich Media by Temperature-sensitive Mutants of Brevibacterium lactofermentum, a Novel Fermentation Process

Temperature-sensitive mutants were derived from Brevibacterium lactofermentum strain 2256 in a search for mutants which would produce a large amount of L-glutamic acid in biotin- rich media at the nonpermissive temperature. A total of 159 mutant strains was selected which showed adequate growth at 30°C but showed little or no growth at 37°C on minimal medium. Twenty of these were found to produce glutamic acid in a biotin-rich medium after a temperature shift from 30°C to 37°C, while the wild-type strain 2256 did not produce it under the same cultural condition.One of the typical mutant strains, Ts-88, produced approximately 2g/dl of glutamic acid from beet molasses (the yield > 55%) in the presence of 33 µg/liter of biotin when tempera- , ture was shifted from 30°C to 40°C during the cultivation. It was concluded that, by controlling only temperature during fermentation, glutamic acid production could be realized in media containing biotin-rich natural carbon sources, without any chemical control such as.
The Passway of Women Entrepreneurship: Starting from Social Capital with Open Innovation, through to Knowledge Sharing and Innovative Performance

Customs and culture should create women’s independence to actualize themselves in an era of emerging social progress in order to lead to the domination of women in the development of creative businesses. This research examines the role of social capital and whether it becomes a supporting or hindering factor in developing the creative industry of women entrepreneurs by examining the role of information sharing and innovations. Employing purposive sampling, questionnaires were distributed to 200 women entrepreneurs, and data were analyzed by using Structural Equation Modeling(PLS–SEM)software with SmartPLS Version 3.0. Social capital has a positive influence on the business performance of women entrepreneurs in Bali, Indonesia. Thus, the beliefs and norms that exist in the social capital of the Balinese Hindu concept can filter the information obtained from various information in business, which will ultimately be utilized by women entrepreneurs to create various innovations to meet the market demand. However, opportunities for women entrepreneurs are very limited to capital due to lack of guarantees to get capital, and a lack of entrepreneurship skills in the technological era, market access, bureaucracy, and legalization. Further, managerial skills, access to information technology, as well as the perspective that the men must be superior in Balinese culture and customs, make business for women entrepreneurs limited.
Coadjuvant Anti-VEGF A Therapy Improves Survival in Patients with Colorectal Cancer with Liver Metastasis: A Systematic Review

Background: the presence of liver metastasis in colorectal cancer (CRC) remains one of the most significant prognostic factors. Objective: systematically review the results of studies evaluating the benefit of adding bevacizumab to a normal chemotherapy regime in the survival of patients with colorectal-cancer liver metastasis (CRLM). Search methods: Pubmed and Google Scholar databases were searched for eligible articles (from inception up to the 2 April 2019). Inclusion criteria: studies including patients with CRLM receiving anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF; bevacizumab) as treatment, overall survival as an outcome; regarding language restrictions, only articles in English were accepted. Main results: Eleven studies met the inclusion criteria. In 73% of these cases, chemotherapy with bevacizumab was an effective treatment modality for treating CRLM, and its administration significantly extended both overall survival (OS) and/or progression-free survival (PFS). Nevertheless, three articles showed no influence on survival rates of bevacizumab-associated chemotherapy. Author conclusions: It is necessary to standardize methodologies that aim to evaluate the impact of bevacizumab administration on the survival of patients with CRLM. Furthermore, follow-up time and the cause of a patient’s death should be recorded, specified, and cleared in order to better calculate the survival rate and provide a comparison between the produced literature.
Comparison of chlorsulfuron and metsulfuron for control of Allium vineale L.

Summary The response of natural and planted stands of Allium vineale L. to chlorsulfuron and metsulfuron was determined in field experiments in Illinois, U.S.A. , in 1982 and 1983. In natural stands very low rates of either herbicide controlled A. vineale. Chlorsulfuron, applied in the spring at 20 g ha−1, reduced aerial bulblet production by 99% but when it was applied in the fall it reduced aerial bulblet production by only 59%. All rates of metsulfuron (5–20 g ha−1), at both times of application, effected better than 94% reduction in plant density and yield of aerial bulblets. In a glasshouse experiment, plants derived from aerial bulblets were more susceptible to chlorsulfuron than plants derived from soft offset bulbs. Soft offset bulbs were, therefore, used to establish a uniform stand of A. vineale in the field. In this experiment, non-linear regression analysis showed that metsulfuron was two to three times more active than chlorsulfuron. GR95 values calculated from the computed regression equations show that metsulfuron and chlorsulfuron, applied in April at 5 and 15 g ha−1, respectively, reduced aerial and underground bulb production by 95%.
Apoptotic Cell Death Observed during the Expression of Hybrid Lethality in Interspecific Hybrids between Nicotiana tabacum and N. suaveolens

Hybrid seedlings from the cross Nicotiana tabacum ×N. suaveolens, obtained by test-tube pollination and ovule culture, expressed lethality at 28°C. Characteristic lethal symptoms in these hybrid seedlings consisted of browning of hypocotyls and roots. One hundred and seventeen hybrid seedlings were eventually obtained by the use of test-tube pollination and ovule culture. Hybrid seedlings maintained at 36°C did not express any lethal symptoms. Hybrid seedlings used for further experiments were transferred to 36°C immediately after germination at 28°C. When hybrid seedlings cultured at 36°C were transferred to 28°C, their growth stopped and lethal symptoms were expressed. During the progressive expression of lethality, apoptotic features such as chromatin condensation, nuclear fragmentation and DNA fragmentation were detected. On the other hand, there was no sign of apoptotic cell death in the hybrid seedlings at 36°C. Based on the observation that the same lethal symptoms and the same apoptotic features were observed in the reciprocal cross, N. suaveolens ×N. tabacum, we suggest that not only the underlying causes of hybrid lethality but also the underlying causes of apoptotic cell death are due to the interaction of coexisting heterogeneous genomes, rather than to the effect of cytoplasmic genes. Furthermore, the progression of apoptotic cell death in the cross N. tabacum × N. suaveolens began in stems and roots, followed by leaves.