Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Associations Between Happiness Motives and Well-Being in China: The Mediating Role of Psychological Need Satisfaction and Frustration

Happiness can be pursued based on hedonic motives (i.e., seeking pleasure and comfort) and/or eudaimonic motives (i.e., seeking to develop and make the best use of the self). Substantial studies have found that hedonic and eudaimonic motives relate to well-being outcomes in different ways. However, these findings were predominantly based on Western samples, while study about the relationship between happiness motives and well-being outcomes in Eastern cultures is scanty. Furthermore, little is known about the mechanisms that underlie these associations. To address these gaps, we conducted two studies based on Chinese college students. In study 1 (N = 301), structural equation modeling demonstrated that eudaimonic motives were positively associated with life satisfaction and meaning in life, but hedonic motives were not significantly associated with either indicator of well-being. In study 2 (N = 526), structural equation modeling showed that (1) hedonic motives had an indirect effect on life satisfaction through need frustration and (2) eudaimonic motives had indirect effects on life satisfaction and meaning in life through need satisfaction and need frustration. These findings highlight the important roles that the satisfaction and the frustration of basic psychological needs play in translating happiness motives into well-being outcomes.
Spatial-Temporal Inventory Rebalancing for Bike Sharing Systems With Worker Recruitment

Bike-sharing systems usually suffer from out-of-service events due to bike underflow or overflow. We propose to recruit workers to rebalance station loads. We partition the complex rebalancing problem in temporal and spatial domains. The temporal domain is divided into a sequence of slices with a fixed duration. In each slice, we allocate a pair of overflow/underflow stations to a worker such that the cost is minimized, which is NP-hard. A 3-approximation algorithm is proposed. We further investigate the worker shortage case and extend the matching algorithm to consider the number of unsatisfied users. Then, the configuration dynamic in the sequence of slices is captured by determining the rebalancing target for each rebalancing operation. We investigate heuristic approaches to minimize the total number of bike movements. Furthermore, we extend our scheme to dockless BSSs using clustering techniques. We simulate our algorithms on both real-world and synthetic datasets. Experiment results show that our approaches can reduce the average total detour per slice. In worker shortage, considering the number of unsatisfied users could improve the long-term performance of rebalancing. Besides, we find that our scheme could maintain worker satisfaction over multiple time slices, which indicates the sustainability of our rebalancing scheme.
Methane Emission Factors from Vietnamese Rice Production: Pooling Data of 36 Field Sites for Meta-Analysis

Rice production is a significant source of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in the national budget of many Asian countries, but the extent of emissions varies strongly across agro-environmental zones. It is important to understand these differences in order to improve the national GHG inventory and effectively target mitigation options. This study presents a meta-analysis of CH4 database emission factors (EFs) from 36 field sites across the rice growing areas of Vietnam and covering 73 cropping seasons. The EFs were developed from field measurements using the closed chamber technique. The analysis for calculating baseline EFs in North, Central and South Vietnam in line with the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Tier 2 methodology was specified for the three cropping seasons being early-(E), mid-(M) and late-year (L) seasons. Calculated average CH4 EFs are given in kg ha−1 d−1 and reflect the distinct seasons in North (E: 2.21; L: 3.89), Central (E: 2.84; M+L: 3.13) and South Vietnam (E: 1.72; M: 2.80; L: 3.58). Derived from the available data of the edapho-hydrological zones of the Mekong River Delta, season-based EFs are more useful than zone-based EFs. In totality, these average EFs indicate an enormous variability of GHG emissions in Vietnamese rice production and represent much higher values than the IPCC default. Seasonal EFs from Vietnam exceeded IPCC defaults given for Southeast Asia corresponding to 160% (E), 240% (M) and 290% (L) of the medium value, respectively.
AJIT: Accountable Just-in-Time Network Resource Allocation with Smart Contracts

New applications such as remote surgery and connected cars, which are being touted as use cases for 5G and beyond, are mission-critical. As such, communications infrastructure needs to support and enforce stringent and guaranteed levels of service before such applications can take off. However, from an operator's perspective, it can be difficult to provide uniformly high levels of service over long durations or large regions. As network conditions change over time, or when a mobile end point goes to regions with poor coverage, it may be difficult for the operator to support previously agreed upon service agreements that are too stringent. Second, from a consumer's perspective, purchasing a stringent service level agreement with an operator can also be expensive. Finally, failures in mission critical applications can lead to disasters, so infrastructure should support assignment of liabilities when a guaranteed service level is reneged upon - this is a difficult problem because both the operator and the customer have an incentive to lay the blame on each other to avoid liabilities of poor service. To address the above problems, we propose AJIT, an architecture that allows creating fine-grained short-term contracts between operator and consumer. AJIT uses smart contracts to allow dynamically changing service levels so that more expensive and stringent levels of service need only be requested by a customer for short durations when the application needs it, and operator agrees to the SLA only when the infrastructure is able to support the demand. Second, AJIT uses trusted enclaves to do the accounting of packet deliveries such that neither the customer requesting guaranteed service levels for mission-critical applications, nor the operator providing the infrastructure support, can cheat.
Resolving ecological feedbacks on the ocean carbon sink in Earth system models

Abstract. The Earth’s oceans are one of the largest sinks in the Earth system for anthropogenic CO2 emissions, acting as a negative feedback on climate change. Earth system models predict, though, that climate change will lead to a weakening ocean carbon uptake rate as warm water holds less dissolved CO2 and biological productivity declines. However, most Earth system models do not incorporate the impact of warming on bacterial remineralisation and rely on simplified representations of plankton ecology that do not resolve the potential impact of climate change on ecosystem structure or elemental stoichiometry. Here we use a recently-developed extension of the cGEnIE Earth system model (ecoGEnIE) featuring a trait-based scheme for plankton ecology (ECOGEM), and also incorporate cGEnIE's temperature-dependent remineralisation (TDR) scheme. This enables evaluation of the impact of both ecological dynamics and temperature-dependent remineralisation on the soft-tissue biological pump in response to climate change. We find that including TDR strengthens the biological pump relative to default runs due to increased nutrient recycling, while ECOGEM weakens the biological pump by enabling a shift to smaller plankton classes. However, interactions with concurrent ocean acidification cause opposite sign responses for the carbon sink in both cases: TDR leads to a smaller sink relative to default runs whereas ECOGEM leads to a larger sink. Combining TDR and ECOGEM results in a net strengthening of the biological pump and a small net reduction in carbon sink relative to default. These results clearly illustrate the substantial degree to which ecological dynamics and biodiversity modulate the strength of climate-biosphere feedbacks, and demonstrate that Earth system models need to incorporate more ecological complexity in order to resolve carbon sink weakening.
Antioxidant Phytochemicals in Fruits and Vegetables: Diet and Health Implications

Received for publication 26 May 1999. Accepted for publication 10 Aug. 1999. Mention of a trade name, proprietary product ,or specific equipment does not constitute a guarantee by the U.S. Dept. of Agriculture and does not imply its approval to the exclusion of other products that may be suitable.The cost of publishing this paper was defrayed in part by the payment of page charges. Under postal regulations, this paper therefore must be hereby marked advertisement solely to indicate this fact. To whom reprint requests should be addressed (phone: (617) 556-3311; fax: (617) 556-3299; e-mail: prior@hnrc.tufts. edu). Increased consumption of fruits and vegetables has been associated with protection against various age-related diseases (Ames et al., 1993; Steinberg, 1991). What dietary constituents are responsible for this association is not known, but well-characterized antioxidants, including vitamins C and E, or β-carotene, are often assumed to contribute to the observed protection (Ames et al., 1993; Buring and Hennekens, 1997; Gey et al., 1991; Stahelin et al., 1991; Steinberg, 1991; Willett, 1994). However, the results from intervention trials have not been conclusive regarding the protection following supplementation with such antioxidants (Hennekens et al., 1996; Omenn et al., 1996; Prieme et al., 1997; Van Poppel et al., 1995). Recent epidemiological evidence indicates that the putative beneficial effects of a high intake of fruits and vegetables on the risk of diseases of aging may not be exclusively due to these antioxidants (Hertog et al., 1992; Knekt et al., 1997), but other antioxidant phytochemicals contained in fruits and vegetables may be equally important. To critically evaluate the potential roles of these phytochemicals in prevention of agerelated diseases, we will discuss the free radical or oxidative stress theory of aging and present data on the antioxidant capacities of fruits, vegetables, and their phytochemical components, mainly flavonoids. Reports on the absorption of these flavonoids and the effects of fruit and vegetable intake on the antioxidant status in humans will be reviewed.
An Environmental Escherichia coli Strain Is Naturally Competent to Acquire Exogenous DNA

The diffusion of antibiotic resistance determinants in different environments, e.g., soil and water, has become a public concern for global health and food safety and many efforts are currently devoted to clarify this complex ecological and evolutionary issue. Horizontal gene transfer (HGT) has an important role in the spread of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). However, among the different HGT mechanisms, the capacity of environmental bacteria to acquire naked exogenous DNA by natural competence is still poorly investigated. This study aimed to characterize the ability of the environmental Escherichia coli strain ED1, isolated from the crustacean Daphnia sp. , to acquire exogenous DNA by natural competence. Transformation experiments were carried out varying different parameters, i.e., cell growth phase, amount of exogenous DNA and exposition to artificial lake water (ALW) and treated wastewater to mimic environmental-like conditions that may be encountered in the agri-food system. Results were compared with those showed by the laboratory E. coli strain DH5α. Our experimental data, supported by genomic sequencing, showed that, when exposed to pure water, ED1 strain was able to acquire exogenous DNA with frequencies (10–8–10–9) statistically higher than the ones observed for DH5α strain (10–10). Interestingly, higher values were retrieved for ED1 than DH5α strains exposed to ALW (10–7 vs. 10–9, respectively) or treated wastewater (10–8 vs. 10–10, respectively). We tested, therefore, ED1 strain ability to colonize the rhizosphere of lettuce, a model plant representative of raw-consumed vegetables of high economic importance in the ready-to-eat food industry. Results showed that ED1 strain was able to efficiently colonize lettuce rhizosphere, revealing a stable colonization for 14 days-long period. In conclusion, ED1 strain ability to acquire exogenous DNA in environmental-like conditions by natural competence, combined with its ability to efficiently and stably colonize plant rhizosphere, poses the attention to food and human safety showing a possible route of diffusion of antibiotic resistance in the agri-food system, sustaining the “One Health” warnings related to the antibiotic spread.
Demographic and Clinical Differences Between Bipolar Disorder Patients With and Without Alcohol Use Disorders

Background Bipolar disorder (BD) and alcohol use disorder (AUD) are two major independent causes of psychopathology in the general population. The prevalence of AUD in BD is high. Identifying the clinical and demographic features of patients with BD who may develop AUD could help with early identification and intervention. Methods Data from 238 patients diagnosed with BD were gathered on alcohol use, social demographics, longitudinal course of BD, clinical features of the most severe lifetime manic and depressive episodes, comorbid physical diseases, anxiety disorders, and other substance use disorders. Results We found that 74 of 238 BD patients had AUD (67 with alcohol dependence and 7 with alcohol abuse). Bivariate logistic regression analysis and multivariate logistic regression analysis found that the best predictors of AUD in patients with BD were being male (OR = 2.086, 95% CI = 1.094–3.979, p = 0.001), younger (OR = 0.965, 95% CI = 0.935–0.996, p = 0.026), and comorbidity with other unclassified substance dependence (OR = 10.817, 95% CI = 1.238–94.550, p = 0.031). Conclusions Male, younger current age, and having other substance use disorders were independently associated with AUD.
Nutritional Status and Symptoms in Preschool Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Two-Center Comparative Study in Chongqing and Hainan Province, China

Objective: The study aimed to compare the nutritional status and symptoms of preschool children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) from two regions of China, and to analyze the association between nutritional status and symptoms of ASD. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 738 ASD children and 302 typically developing children (TD) were recruited from Chongqing and Hainan of China. Symptoms of ASD children were evaluated with the Autism Behavior Checklist (ABC), Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS), and Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS). Neurodevelopment of ASD children was assessed with the Gesell Developmental Scale (GDS). Nutritional status was evaluated by anthropometric measures, biochemical detection of micronutrients, and providing questionnaire and food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) to caregivers. Results: Comparing ASD children with local TD children, ASD children consumed fewer whole grains, milk and dairy products, beans and soy products, vegetables, and fruits than local TD children in both regions. The serum concentrations of folate, vitamin B12 (VB12), and vitamin D (VD) were consistently lower in ASD children in both regions. Comparing the ASD children between the two regions, the ASD children in Chongqing had significantly higher mean scores of CARS, SRS, and ABC than those in Hainan. The ASD children in Chongqing consumed fewer whole grains, seafood, and fruits than those in Hainan. The serum concentrations of ferritin, vitamin A (VA), VB12, and VD were reduced in the ASD children of Chongqing than those in Hainan, and the ASD children in Chongqing had higher deficiency rates of zinc, ferritin, VA, and VD than those in Hainan. The serum levels of VA, VD, and folate showed a negative association with symptom scores of ASD children. VD and zinc levels had a positive association with the GDS scores of ASD children. Conclusions: ASD children exhibit a higher risk of nutrient deficiencies than neurotypical children, and there are regional differences in the nutritional status of ASD children. Micronutrients VA, VD, folate, and zinc levels were correlated with symptoms and development of ASD children. Therefore, it is essential to provide detailed nutrition evaluation and individualized nutrition interventions for ASD children from different backgrounds.
Modeling and Analysis of a Virus that Replicates Selectively in Tumor Cells

Replication-competent viruses have shown considerable promise in overcoming the inefficient gene transduction experienced by traditional gene therapy approaches to cancer treatment. The viruses infect tumor cells and replicate inside them, eventually causing lysis. Virus particles released during lysis are then able to infect other tumor cells, and, in this way, continuous rounds of infection and lysis allow the virus to spread throughout the tumor. Motivated by this novel cancer treatment, we formulate and analyse a system of partial differential equations that is essentially a radially-symmetric epidemic model embedded in a Stefan problem. We compare three, alternative virus-injection strategies: a fixed fraction of cells pre-infected with the virus are introduced throughout the entire tumor volume, within the tumor core, or within the tumor rim. For all three injection methods, simple and accurate conditions that predict whether the virus will control the tumor are derived.
miR-146a-5p Plays an Oncogenic Role in NSCLC via Suppression of TRAF6

Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the most deadly cancer in the world due to its often delayed diagnosis. Identification of biomarkers with high sensitivity, specificity, and accessibility for early detection, such as circulating microRNAs, is therefore of utmost importance. In the present study, we identified a significantly higher expression of miR-146a-5p in the serum and tissue samples of NSCLC patients than that of the healthy controls. In parallel, miR-146a-5p was also highly expressed in three human NSCLC adenocarcinoma-cell lines (A549, H1299, and H1975) compared to the human bronchial epithelium cell line (HBE). By dual-luciferase reporter assay and manipulation of the expressions of miR-146a-5p and its target gene, tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6), we showed that the functional effects of miR-146a-5p on NSCLC cell survival and migration were mediated by direct binding to and suppression of TRAF6. Overexpression of TRAF6 sufficiently reversed miR-146a-5p-induced cancer cell proliferation, migration, and apoptosis resistance. Our data implied that miR-146a-5p/TRAF6/NF-κB-p65 axis could be a promising diagnostic marker and a therapeutic target for NSCLC.
Spanish-Turkish Low-Resource Machine Translation: Unsupervised Learning vs Round-Tripping

The quality of data-driven Machine Translation (MT) strongly depends on the quantity as well as the quality of the training dataset. However, collecting a large set of training parallel texts is not easy in practice. Although various approaches have already been proposed to overcome this issue, the lack of large parallel corpora still poses a major practical problem for many language pairs. Since monolingual data plays an important role in boosting fluency for Neural MT (NMT) models, this paper investigates and compares the performance of two learning-based translation approaches for Spanish-Turkish translation as a low-resource setting in case we only have access to large sets of monolingual data in each language; 1) Unsupervised Learning approach, and 2) Round-Tripping approach. Either approach completely removes the need for bilingual data or enables us to train the NMT system relying on monolingual data only. We utilize an Attention-based NMT (Attentional NMT) model, which leverages a careful initialization of the parameters, the denoising effect of language models, and the automatic generation of bilingual data. Our experimental results demonstrate that the Unsupervised Learning approach outperforms the Round-Tripping approach in Spanish-Turkish translation and vice versa. These results confirm that the Unsupervised Learning approach is still a reliable learning-based translation technique for Spanish-Turkish low-resource NMT.
The Emerging Therapeutic Potential of Nitro Fatty Acids and Other Michael Acceptor-Containing Drugs for the Treatment of Inflammation and Cancer

Nitro fatty acids (NFAs) are endogenously generated lipid mediators deriving from reactions of unsaturated electrophilic fatty acids with reactive nitrogen species. Furthermore, Mediterranean diets can be a source of NFA. These highly electrophilic fatty acids can undergo Michael addition reaction with cysteine residues, leading to post-translational modifications (PTM) of selected regulatory proteins. Such modifications are capable of changing target protein function during cell signaling or in biosynthetic pathways. NFA target proteins include the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPAR-γ), the pro-inflammatory and tumorigenic nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling pathway, the pro-inflammatory 5-lipoxygenases (5-LO) biosynthesis pathway as well as soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH), which is essentially involved in the regulation of vascular tone. In several animal models of inflammation and cancer, the therapeutic efficacy of well-tolerated NFA has been demonstrated. This has already led to clinical phase II studies investigating possible therapeutic effects of NFA in subjects with pulmonary arterial hypertension. Albeit Michael acceptors feature a broad spectrum of bioactivity, they have for a rather long time been avoided as drug candidates owing to their presumed unselective reactivity and toxicity. However, targeted covalent modification of regulatory proteins by Michael acceptors became recognized as a promising approach to drug discovery with the recent FDA approvals of the cancer therapeutics, afatanib (2013), ibrutinib (2013), and osimertinib (2015). Furthermore, the Michael acceptor, neratinib, a dual inhibitor of the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 and epidermal growth factor receptor, was recently approved by the FDA (2017) and by the EMA (2018) for the treatment of breast cancer. Finally, a number of further Michael acceptor drug candidates are currently under clinical investigation for pharmacotherapy of inflammation and cancer. In this review, we focus on the pharmacology of NFA and other Michael acceptor drugs, summarizing their potential as an emerging class of future antiphlogistics and adjuvant in tumor therapeutics.