Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Quadratic $d$-numbers

Here we constructively classify quadratic $d$-numbers: algebraic integers in quadratic number fields generating Galois-invariant ideals. We prove the subset thereof maximal among their Galois conjugates in absolute value is discrete in $\mathbb{R}$. Our classification provides a characterization of those real quadratic fields containing a unit of norm -1 which is known to be equivalent to the existence of solutions to the negative Pell equation. The notion of a weakly quadratic fusion category is introduced whose Frobenius-Perron dimension necessarily lies in this discrete set. Factorization, divisibility, and boundedness results are proven for quadratic $d$-numbers allowing a systematic study of weakly quadratic fusion categories which constitute essentially all known examples of fusion categories having no known connection to classical representation theory.
A Method to Reduce the Coherent Betatron Oscillations in a Muon g-2 Storage Ring Experiment using RF Fields

On Kim,1, 2 Meghna Bhattacharya,3 SeungPyo Chang,1, 2 Jihoon Choi,1 Jason D. Crnkovic,4 Sudeshna Ganguly,5 Selçuk Hacıömeroğlu,1, ∗ Manolis Kargiantoulakis,6 Young-Im Kim,7 Hogan Nguyen,6 Yuri F. Orlov,8 B. Lee Roberts,9 Yannis K. Semertzidis,1, 2 Vladimir Tishchenko,4 Nam H. Tran,9 and Esra Barlas Yucel5 Institute for Basic Science, Center for Axion and Precision Physics, Daejeon, 34051, South Korea Korea Advanced Institute for Science and Technology, Department of Physics, Daejeon, 34141, South Korea University of Mississippi, Department of Physics and Astronomy, 38677, MS, USA Brookhaven National Laboratory, Physics Department, Upton, 11973, NY, USA University of Illinois, Department of Physics, Urbana, 61820, IL, USA Fermilab, Particle Physics Division, Batavia, 60510, IL, USA Korea University, Department of Psychiatry, Seoul, 136-701, South Korea Cornell University, Department of Physics, Ithaca, 14853, NY, USA Boston University, Physics Department, Boston, 02215, MA, USA (Dated: April 23, 2019)
K-theoretic crystals for set-valued tableaux of rectangular shapes

In earlier work with C. Monical (2018), we introduced the notion of a K-crystal, with applications to K-theoretic Schubert calculus and the study of Lascoux polynomials. We conjectured that such a K-crystal structure existed on the set of semistandard set-valued tableaux of any fixed rectangular shape. Here, we establish this conjecture by explicitly constructing the K-crystal operators. As a consequence, we establish the first combinatorial formula for Lascoux polynomials $L_{w\lambda}$ when $\lambda$ is a multiple of a fundamental weight as the sum over flagged set-valued tableaux. Using this result, we then prove corresponding cases of conjectures of Ross-Yong (2015) and Monical (2016) by constructing bijections with the respective combinatorial objects.
Absorbing Markov Chain Traffic Flow Assignment Using a Dynamic Route Choice Model

An appropriate analysis of the pedestrian movement is needed to evaluate the impact of street improvement projects and spatial changes. The authors propose the method to develop a pedestrian traffic flow assignment considering roundabout flow and cyclic flow. The authors first apply the absorbing Markov chain model for the pedestrian flow to describe the flow-independent traffic assignment. The model can also consider various paths including cyclic flow. The authors then propose a dynamic route choice model to set the transition probabilities in the absorbing Markov chain model. These models are applied for the behavior data in city center in Shunan City, Japan. The results show that street environment affect pedestrians' route choice and that the effect of a program spread in the network with a gradual decrease. 中心市街地における歩行者流動の分析は，中心市街地活性化施策や都市空間の改変の評価にとって，不可欠となっている．一方で，中心市街地での歩行者交通量の適切な配分手法は確立されているとはいえない．本研究では，歩行者交通量の配分に吸収マルコフ連鎖を適用し，リンク間の遷移確率の設定として動的な逐次経路選択モデルを適用した．吸収マルコフ連鎖はflow independentかつ周回経路を含む配分であり，歩行者交通と親和性が高いといえる．動的離散選択モデルを用いた逐次選択モデルでは，街路環境が回遊行動の経路選択に与える影響を分析し，プログラムの街路ネットワーク上での空間的な波及効果の減衰が割引因子として表現できることを示した．また，経路を列挙しない吸収マルコフ連鎖を用いた交通流配分では，回遊行動の特徴である周回経路や迂回経路を考慮した配分が行えることを示した．
Writer's Block: The Cognitive Dimension

You don t know what it is, wrote Flaubert, to stay a whole day with your head in your hands trying to squeeze your unfortunate brain so as to find a word. Writer s block is more than a mere matter of discomfort and missed deadlines; sustained experiences of writer s block may influence career choices. Writers in the business world, professional writers, and students all have known this most common and least studied dysfunction of the composition process. Rose, however, sees it as a limitable problem that can be precisely analyzed and remedied through instruction and tutorial programs. Rose defines writer s block as an inability to begin or continue writing for reasons other than a lack of skill or commitment, which is measured by passage of time with limited functional/ productive involvement in the writing task. He applies the information processing models of cognitive psychology to reveal dimensions of the problem never before examined.In his three-faceted approach, Rose develops and administers a questionnaire to identify blockers and nonblockers; through simulated recall, he selects and examines writers experiencing both high and low degrees of blocking; and he proposes a cognitive conceptualization of writer s block and of the composition process.In drawing up his model, Rose delineates many cognitive errors that cause blocking, such as inflexible or conflicting planning strategies. He also discusses the practice and strategies that promote effective composition. "
Existence and regularity of pre-invariant measures, transition functions and time homogeneous It\^o-SDEs

We show existence of a pre-invariant measure $m$ for a large class of divergence and non-divergence form elliptic second order partial differential operators with locally Sobolev regular diffusion coefficient and locally square integrable drift. Subsequently, we derive regularity properties of the corresponding semigroup which is defined in $L^s(\mathbb{R}^d,m)$, $s\in [1,\infty]$, including the classical strong Feller property and classical irreducibility. This leads to a transition function of a Hunt process that is explicitly identified as a solution to an SDE. Further properties of this Hunt process, like non-explosion, moment inequalities, recurrence and transience, as well as ergodicity, including invariance and uniqueness of $m$, and uniqueness in law, can then be studied using the derived analytical tools and tools from generalized Dirichlet form theory.
Climate Change Impacts on Precipitation Extremes over the Columbia River Basin Based on Downscaled CMIP5 Climate Scenarios

Hydro-climate extreme analysis helps understanding the process of spatiotemporal variation of extreme events due to climate change, and it is an important aspect in designing hydrological structures, forecasting floods and an effective decision making in the field of water resources design and management. The study evaluates extreme precipitation events over the Columbia River Basin (CRB), the fourth largest basin in the U.S., by simulating four CMIP5 global climate models (GCMs) for the historical period (1970-1999) and future period (2041-2070) under RCP85 GHG scenario. We estimated the intensity of extreme and average precipitation for both winter (DJF) and summer (JJA) seasons by using the GEV distribution and multi-model ensemble average over the domain of the Columbia River Basin. The four CMIP5 models performed very well at simulating precipitation extremes in the winter season. The CMIP5 climate models showed heterogeneous spatial pattern of summer extreme precipitation over the CRB for the future period. It was noticed that multi-model ensemble mean outperformed compared to the individual performance of climate models for both seasons. We have found that the multi-model ensemble shows a consistent and significant increase in the extreme precipitation events in the west of the Cascades Range, Coastal Ranges of Oregon and Washington State, the Canadian portion of the basin and over the Rocky Mountains. However, the mean precipitation is projected to decrease in both winter and summer seasons in the future period.
Support-free volume printing by multi-axis motion

This paper presents a new method to fabricate 3D models on a robotic printing system equipped with multi-axis motion. Materials are accumulated inside the volume along curved tool-paths so that the need of supporting structures can be tremendously reduced - if not completely abandoned - on all models. Our strategy to tackle the challenge of tool-path planning for multi-axis 3D printing is to perform two successive decompositions, first volume-to-surfaces and then surfaces-to-curves. The volume-to-surfaces decomposition is achieved by optimizing a scalar field within the volume that represents the fabrication sequence. The field is constrained such that its iso-values represent curved layers that are supported from below, and present a convex surface affording for collision-free navigation of the printer head. After extracting all curved layers, the surfaces-to-curves decomposition covers them with tool-paths while taking into account constraints from the robotic printing system. Our method successfully generates tool-paths for 3D printing models with large overhangs and high-genus topology. We fabricated several challenging cases on our robotic platform to verify and demonstrate its capabilities.
LOS INVENTARIOS DE HIMENÓPTEROS (INSECTA: HYMENOPTERA) EN CUBA: LOGROS, LIMITACIONES Y PERSPECTIVAS FUTURAS

A review of 17 Hymenoptera inventories carried out in Cuba during last years is made, analyzing its results, deficien- cies and perspectives of using those data in new studies related to biodiversity, ecology, biogeography and conservation. East- ern Cuba is the best represented region in those inventories; most of the Cuban protected areas (both approved and new pro- posals) lack information about hymenopterans, and available data are biased toward Aculates. A reanalysis of inventory data is needed, including an update of the species taxonomic status, standardization and quantification of the sampling techniques and improvement of the geographical information. A consensus and standard sampling methodology for future inventories at coun- try level is proposed. Support of regional initiatives such as PRIBES is thought to be advantageous.
Perspective: Climate Forcings in the Industrial Era

The forcings that drive long-term climate change are not known with an accuracy sufficient to define future climate change. Anthropogenic greenhouse gases (GHGs), which are well measured, cause a strong positive (warming) forcing. But other, poorly measured, anthropogenic forcings, especially changes of atmospheric aerosols, clouds, and land-use patterns, cause a negative forcing that tends to offset greenhouse warming. One consequence of this partial balance is that the natural forcing due to solar irradiance changes may play a larger role in long-term climate change than inferred from comparison with GHGs alone. Current trends in GHG climate forcings are smaller than in popular "business as usual" or 1% per year CO growth scenarios. The summary implication is a paradigm change for long-term climate projections: uncertainties in climate forcings have supplanted global climate sensitivity as the predominant issue.
Ostracods and sedimentology of the La Serre Devonian/Carboniferous stratotype section (La Serre, Montagne Noire, France)

Despite their low abundance, ostracods are very diversified in the La Serre Devonian-Carboniferous (= D-C) Global Stratotype Section and Point (= GSSP). Seventy-one species are identified, 58 in the Devonian and 29 in the Carboniferous. The ostracod fauna is composed of ostracods belonging to the Eifelian ecotype alone or to a mixed assemblage of the Eifelian and Thuringian ecotypes. The relative abundance of these two ecotypes, the abnormal number of instars in some beds, the presence of ostracods in oolites and the occurrence of reworked specimens in elements of microbreccia give evidence for important changes in the conditions of the environment close to the D-C boundary. In the Late Devonian, ostracods display a regressive trend from deep environments below storm wave base to highly agitated environments above fair-weather wave base. But the sea level curve is not completely recorded in the La Serre section since two tectonic disturbed beds are present in the upper part of the profile. The number of ostracod species disappearing during the Hangenberg Event at La Serre seems to be less important in comparison with other sections investigated in Germany and Poland. The sedimentological study displays a standard sequence composed of six carbonate microfacies (MF1 to MF6) and shows a quite abrupt transition from shallow hemipelagic environments (MF1) to shoreface-foreshore microbioclastic and ooidal shoals (MF2-MF5) reaching the upper beach foreshore (MF6). No evidence of subaerial emergence is found, nor any sedimentary structures indicating intertidal restricted environments. Microbreccias are abundant in MF5 and MF6; they are moderately to poorly sorted, subangular to subrounded, and show mixing of different eroded microfacies. All this supports strong and brief erosional phases within the transitonal zone around 10 m water depth. The sea level trend points to a general regression starting near the Hangenberg Horizon sensu FEIST et al. (2000), from our sample 37 (Fig. 2), to the top of the section (sample 64) as showed by the shift of microfacies 1 to microfacies 6 and the quite abrupt appearance of proximal coquina layers, interpreted tempestites, toward the upper part of the section. The energy level was very high as indicated by the broken oolites, the microbreccias and the lamination patterns. Finally a sea level increase (transgression) seems to have occurred in the uppermost part of the profile. Sea-level fluctuations were probably about ten of meters or more, as indicated by the erosion of microfacies 1 whose fragments form part of the microbreccias of microfacies 6. The study of ostracods and the sedimentology confirm that the La Serre section is far from being an ideal GSSP.
NUMERICAL TOOLS DEVELOPED AT ONERA FOR THE AERODYNAMIC ASSESSMENT OF PROPELLERS AND COUNTER-ROTATING OPEN ROTORS

ONERA has developed and validated computational tools which aim at predicting the aerodynamic performance of propellers and open rotors together with the aerodynamic sources responsible for radiated noise. The objective of this paper is to discuss the strengths and weaknesses of these approaches (ranging from simple blade-element theory to 3D CFD methods), through validation against experimental data when available. It is concluded that simple methods can predict correctly the propeller performance at nominal conditions but CFD methods are required to address off-design configurations where strong unsteady effects or separated flows can appear. In particular, CFD methods are well suited to predict the unsteady aerodynamic sources of noise for an installed configuration.
Renal differentiation from adult spermatogonial stem cells

Abstract There is considerable interest in the use of multi-potent stem cells in kidney tissue regeneration. We studied if spermatogonial stem cells have the ability to undergo kidney differentiation. Spermatogonial stem cell differentiation was induced using in vitro and ex vivo co-culture techniques. Conditioned media from human kidney fibroblasts induced the expression of epithelial and endothelial lineages in spermatogonial stem cells, consistent with nephrogenesis. Furthermore, we showed that these cells up-regulated renal tubular-specific markers alkaline phosphatase, mineralocorticoid receptor, renal epithelial sodium channel and sodium-glucose transporter-2 (p < 0.05). GFP-labeled spermatogonial stem cells were engrafted into metanephric kidney organ cultures harvested from E12.5 mouse embryos. After 5 days of organ culture, focal anti-GFP staining was detectable in all inoculated kidneys demonstrating integration of spermatogonial stem cells into the developing kidney (p < 0.01). Histological assessment showed early nephron-like architecture. In summary, we show that spermatogonial stem cells have the potential to generate renal tissue and lay the foundations for further investigations into a novel therapeutic approach for renal insufficiency.
Innovative haematological parameters in clinical practice

Anaemia is a global public health problem affecting populations in both developing and developed countries. According to the World Health Organisation (WHO) anaemia affects 1.62 billion people, which corresponds to 25% of the world population. In case of anaemia microcytic erythropoiesis is frequently due to iron deficiency and α- or β-thalassaemia. It is important to discriminate between iron-deficiency anaemia and thalassaemia in order to avoid unnecessary iron therapy and to prevent the development of haemosiderosis which may result in serious complications like cardiomyopathy, liver fibrosis or endocrine dysfunctions. A variety of laboratory parameters is available for anaemia screening and assessment of iron status. However, no single marker or combination of tests is optimal for discrimination between iron deficiency, functional iron deficiency and thalassaemia. In this thesis, the additional value of innovative haemocytometric parameters reflecting haemoglobin content of red blood cells and reticulocytes is investigated in subjects with microcytic anaemia, patients undergoing haemodialysis treatment, subjects with community acquired pneumonia, and women during pregnancy. Clinical studies revealed the usefulness of innovative haemocytometric parameters for haemoglobinisation of red blood cells (RBC) and reticulocytes, RBC-He and Ret-He. The applicability of newly derived discriminating algorithms for the screening and diagnosis of haematological abnormalities is evaluated. Subsequently, the laboratory screening for anaemia is improved by the development of advanced discriminating algorithms for the diagnosis of iron-deficient erythropoiesis and thalassemia. This thesis provides a basis for improved diagnostics of anaemia using specific parameters or advanced algorithms, depending on the patient group involved.
REGIONAL FLOOD FREQUENCY ANALYSIS FOR SELECTED BASINS IN UTAH PART II: WEBER RIVER BASIN

The main objective of the study was to improve the accuracy of estimates of 5-, 10-, 25-, 50- and 100-yr peak discharge values for ungaged, unregulated watersheds in the Weber River basin. Detailed flood-frequency analysis was done for streamflow gaging stations in and around this basin. Flood frequency prediction equations for selected recurrence intervals were developed using a regression model with selected watershed and meteorological characteristics as explanatory variables. The work completed in Part I and Part II also contributed to the development of a map for the entire State of Utah depicting site-specific skew coefficients for use in the flood frequency analysis.
Producer–market orientation of community-based tourism (CBT) products: A case study in Bali, Indonesia

Community-based tourism (CBT) provides an attractive alternative to mass tourism. In Bali, Indonesia, it is a potentially significant contributor to tourism development. The aim of this research was to obtain a greater understanding of CBT through an examination of relevant issues, and the perceptions of the host communities and tourists regarding CBT products. This study used a mixed methods approach to collect data from the host communities and tourists who visited the villages in Bali. Five main elements of CBT products came to light during a review of the literature in the preliminary phase of the research. Subsequently, aspects of authenticity and change for development as important features of sustainable CBT products were identified and added to the study during the qualitative phase of the research. At the conclusion of Research Phase 1, the qualitative stage, four additional elements had been identified, making a total of 10. These 10 CBT product elements were then further subdivided and formed the variables for the data collection instrument used in Research Phase 2, the quantitative study. The Research Phase 1 qualitative results indicate that the CBT tourists clearly identified their expectations of CBT products and were supportive of a sustainable industry to preserve the villagers‟ way of life and the rural environment. However, they were also concerned about safety and hygiene. The Research Phase 2 quantitative results consistently show similar findings. Furthermore, a significant number of tourists expressed a willingness to use and consume products and services provided by the community. As part of the research, two types of CBT tourists were identified – „overnighters‟ and „daytrippers‟. Both groups sought the same type of attractions, albeit in different degrees of intensity, yet they required different types and standards of services and facilities. The overnighter group intermingled, they wanted to experience the local culture and lifestyle, and were more accepting of the local amenities. By contrast, the
Estimation of flash flood potential for large areas

A methodology for determining the potential for flash floods in small basins within large geographical areas is presented. Geographical Information Systems (GIS) technology is used to assimilate digital spatial data, remotely sensed data, with physically-based hydrologic-hydraulic models of catchment response. The methodology uses digital terrain elevation data, digital river reach data, and the US Geological Survey land-use and land-cover data to produce estimates of the effective rainfall volume of a certain duration required to produce flooding in small streams. This flood potential index is called threshold runoff. For operational application, soil water accounting models are used to yield estimates of effective precipitation over areas of 1000 km 2 . Maps of flash flood potential can then be constructed using remotely-sensed and on-site data. Examples of application in various regions of the USA are discussed.