Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of soil-transmitted helminthes and its association with water, sanitation, hygiene among schoolchildren and barriers for schools level prevention in technology villages of Hawassa University: Mixed design

Background Soil-transmitted helminths (STH) remain one of the most common causes of morbidity among children in Ethiopia. Assessment of the magnitude of STH and its association with water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) and identify barriers for school-level prevention assist public health planners to prioritize promotion strategies and is a basic step for intervention. However, there is a lack of evidence on the prevalence of STH and its association with WASH and barriers for school-level prevention among schoolchildren. Objective To assess the prevalence of STH and its association with WASH and identify barriers for school level prevention in technology village of Hawassa University; 2019. Methods An institution-based analytical cross-sectional study was conducted on a sample of 1080 schoolchildren from September 5 to October 15, 2019. A two-stage cluster and purposive sampling technique were used to draw the study participants. A pretested, structured questionnaire, observation checklist, and in-depth interview were used to collect the data. Two grams of stool samples were collected from each study participant and examined using direct wet mount and Kato-Katz technique. Data were entered into Epi Info version 7 and analyzed using SPSS version 25. Both bi-variable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were done. Qualitative data were analyzed using thematic content analysis method by Atlas-Ti software and presented in narratives. Results The overall prevalence of STHs was 23.1% (95% CI = 21.4, 27.6). The identified predictors of STHs were large family size (AOR = 2.03; 95% CI = 1.53–3.99), absence of separate toilet room for male and female (AOR = 3.33; 95% CI = 1.91–5.79), toilet not easy to clean (AOR = 2.17; 95% CI = 1.44–3.33), inadequate knowledge about STHs (AOR = 2.08; 95% CI = 1.07–3.44) and children who had travelled greater than 100 meters to access toilet (AOR = 3.45; 95% CI = 2.24–8.92). These results were supported by the individual, institutional, socio-economic and cultural qualitative results. Conclusion The STHs was moderate public health concerns. Reinforcing the existing fragile water, sanitation and hygiene programs and regular deworming of schoolchildren may support to reduce the burden of STHs. Also, increasing modern family planning methods utilization to decrease family size is recommended.
MOLT AND MIGRATION IN THE NORTHERN ROUGH-WINGED SWALLOW

We describe the prebasic molt of Northern Rough-winged Swallows (Stelgidop- teryx serripennis) using museum specimens. Birds from eastern North America initiate their flight-feather molt about 40 days earlier than birds from west of the Rocky Mountains, sug- gesting that ecological differences between the two populations affect their molt schedules. In both populations, juveniles start their flight-feather molt I to 4 weeks later than adults, but the timing of body molt does not differ for adults and juveniles. Molt occurs simultaneously with the fall migration in both populations. However, eastern birds interrupt their migration when they reach the northern coast of the Gulf of Mexico. Here, they spend about two months finishing their flight-feather molt before crossing the Gulf in October and November. Molt and migration often are concurrent in diurnally migrating swallows, but the two activities do not occur simultaneously when migration must be sustained without interruption. Received 15 May
Mortality of Eggs of the Crocodile Crocodylus porosus in Northern Australia

Most mortality of eggs of Crocodylus porosus in northern Australia is caused by flooding. Floods are of two types, short-term caused by the interaction of rainfall and tidal move- ments, and long-term caused by heavy rain. The duration of inundation necessary to kill eggs in laboratory experiments is longer than that normally experienced during tidal flooding, but less than that experienced during long-term flooding. Nests beside rivers are more likely to be flooded than those in swamps. Predation by varanids and humans causes fewer losses but this is probably because eggs are killed by floods in most years before predators have a chance to take them. The presence of an adult crocodile at the nest appears to deter varanids. Aboriginal hunters apparently are less efficient at finding nests in swamps than nests along rivers.
Antimicrobial Efficacy of Moss Bryum argenteum (Hedw.) (Bryales: Bryaceae) against Plant Pathogen Pseudomonas syringae (PV.) (Pseudomonadales: Pseudomonadaceae)

Introduction: Bryophytes are considered as a remarkable reservoir of new, natural products or secondary compounds, many of which have shown interesting biological activity. Biological activities of number of liverworts and mosses were studied which suggests that they contain a large number of terpenoids and phenolic compounds. Aims: To assess antimicrobial activity of moss Bryum argenteum (Hedw.) (Bryales: Bryaceae) methanolic crude extract against plant pathogen Pseudomonas syringae (pv.) (Pseudomonadales: Pseudomonadaceae).
Ecology of Co-existing White-cheeked and New Holland Honeyeaters

The ecology and breeding biology of White-cheeked Phylidonyris nigra and New Holland P. novaehollandiae Honeyeaters has been studied since 1967 in the Brisbane Waters National Park north of Sydney, NSW. This is an area where the ranges of the two birds overlap and in one study plot, a heath, both nest close to each other. Only the White-cheeked occurs in a second plot, a dry sclerophyll woodland, near the heath. Breeding bird censuses have revealed that during most years similar numbers of honeyeaters nest during the autumn and spring but there can be considerable variation in numbers between years. The number of nesting pairs may be related to weather and to long-term changes in vegetation but there is no consistent pattern and numbers may be determined by environmental factors outside the study area. Both species forage in similar ways and take insects and nectar from the same places. It is suggested that the presence of both on the heath for part of the year is related to the abundance of nectar. In other places where the species overlap they are separated by habitat. Data on clutch size, nest sites and breeding success are presented and discussed.
Relations between multidimensional attitude toward death and psychological distress in firefighters

Abstract To investigate firefighters’ multidimensional attitude toward death and psychological distress, 60 firefighters completed the Death Attitude Profile-Revised and the General Health Questionnaire-28. As predicted, fear of death and escape acceptance were positively related to severe depression and anxiety/insomnia. However, contrary to predictions, neutral acceptance and death avoidance were not associated with psychological distress. Our results indicate that it would be advisable to examine the effectiveness of preventive and therapeutic interventions for firefighters aimed at reducing the fear of death and escape acceptance.
Futibatinib Is a Novel Irreversible FGFR 1–4 Inhibitor That Shows Selective Antitumor Activity against FGFR-Deregulated Tumors

Preclinical characterization of futibatinib, an irreversible FGFR1–4 inhibitor, demonstrates selective and potent antitumor activity against FGFR-deregulated cancer cell lines and xenograft models, supporting clinical evaluation in patients with FGFR-driven tumors. FGFR signaling is deregulated in many human cancers, and FGFR is considered a valid target in FGFR-deregulated tumors. Here, we examine the preclinical profile of futibatinib (TAS-120; 1-[(3S)-[4-amino-3-[(3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)ethynyl]-1H-pyrazolo[3, 4-d] pyrimidin-1-yl]-1-pyrrolidinyl]-2-propen-1-one), a structurally novel, irreversible FGFR1–4 inhibitor. Among a panel of 296 human kinases, futibatinib selectively inhibited FGFR1–4 with IC50 values of 1.4 to 3.7 nmol/L. Futibatinib covalently bound the FGFR kinase domain, inhibiting FGFR phosphorylation and, in turn, downstream signaling in FGFR-deregulated tumor cell lines. Futibatinib exhibited potent, selective growth inhibition of several tumor cell lines (gastric, lung, multiple myeloma, bladder, endometrial, and breast) harboring various FGFR genomic aberrations. Oral administration of futibatinib led to significant dose-dependent tumor reduction in various FGFR-driven human tumor xenograft models, and tumor reduction was associated with sustained FGFR inhibition, which was proportional to the administered dose. The frequency of appearance of drug-resistant clones was lower with futibatinib than a reversible ATP-competitive FGFR inhibitor, and futibatinib inhibited several drug-resistant FGFR2 mutants, including the FGFR2 V565I/L gatekeeper mutants, with greater potency than any reversible FGFR inhibitors tested (IC50, 1.3–50.6 nmol/L). These results indicate that futibatinib is a novel orally available, potent, selective, and irreversible inhibitor of FGFR1–4 with a broad spectrum of antitumor activity in cell lines and xenograft models. These findings provide a strong rationale for testing futibatinib in patients with tumors oncogenically driven by FGFR genomic aberrations, with phase I to III trials ongoing. Significance: Preclinical characterization of futibatinib, an irreversible FGFR1–4 inhibitor, demonstrates selective and potent antitumor activity against FGFR-deregulated cancer cell lines and xenograft models, supporting clinical evaluation in patients with FGFR-driven tumors. Graphical Abstract: http://cancerres.aacrjournals. org/content/canres/80/22/4986/F1.large. jpg. Graphical Abstract
Predictors at admission of mechanical ventilation and death in an observational cohort of adults hospitalized with COVID-19

Abstract Background Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) can cause severe illness and death. Predictors of poor outcome collected on hospital admission may inform clinical and public health decisions. Methods We conducted a retrospective observational cohort investigation of 297 adults admitted to eight academic and community hospitals in Georgia, United States, during March 2020. Using standardized medical record abstraction, we collected data on predictors including admission demographics, underlying medical conditions, outpatient antihypertensive medications, recorded symptoms, vital signs, radiographic findings, and laboratory values. We used random forest models to calculate adjusted odds ratios (aORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for predictors of invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) and death. Results Compared with age <45 years, ages 65–74 years and ≥75 years were predictors of IMV (aOR 3.12, CI 1.47–6.60; aOR 2.79, CI 1.23–6.33) and the strongest predictors for death (aOR 12.92, CI 3.26–51.25; aOR 18.06, CI 4.43–73.63). Comorbidities associated with death (aORs from 2.4 to 3.8, p <0.05) included end-stage renal disease, coronary artery disease, and neurologic disorders, but not pulmonary disease, immunocompromise, or hypertension. Pre-hospital use vs. non-use of angiotensin receptor blockers (aOR 2.02, CI 1.03–3.96) and dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers (aOR 1.91, CI 1.03–3.55) were associated with death. Conclusions After adjustment for patient and clinical characteristics, older age was the strongest predictor of death, exceeding comorbidities, abnormal vital signs, and laboratory test abnormalities. That coronary artery disease, but not chronic lung disease, was associated with death among hospitalized patients warrants further investigation, as do associations between certain antihypertensive medications and death.
Spinal angiolipoma: a report of two cases and review of the literature

Spinal angiolipomas (SALs) are extremely rare benign tumors composed of both mature fatty tissue and anomalous vascular channels. We present two cases of SALs and review the clinical presentation, radiological appearance, pathological aspects, and treatment of this distinct clinicopathological mass. The patients’ neurologic symptoms improved postoperatively and follow-up revealed no signs of tumor recurrence or neurological deficit. SAL should be considered as a differential diagnosis in patients with spinal cord compression. Magnetic resonance imaging is important for detecting and characterizing SALs. The gold standard treatment modality should be total resection.
Clinical waste management under COVID-19 scenario in Malaysia

Malaysia recorded 8904 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) cases and 124 deaths as of 27 July 2020. Globally, everyday there are thousands of new cases of COVID-19 being recorded. Due to the high number of infections globally and nationwide the increase in the amount of clinical waste (CW) generation was expected. Malaysia has reported a 27% (by weight) increase in the generation of CW which was mostly attributed to COVID-19 related waste. This article presents the impacts of COVID-19 in waste generation, policy and regulation of CW management (CWM) in Malaysia and a case study on the CWM at a selected hospital used as a COVID-19 focal point. The current practice of CWM due to COVID-19 related cases follows the existing policy and legislation of CWM detailed in the Schedule Waste Regulation (2005), Environmental Quality Act, 1974, and with the standard operating procedure provided by the Ministry of Health, Malaysia. The case study conducted through survey and questionnaire interviews revealed that the CWM in government hospitals followed existing guidelines for CWM for COVID-19 waste, with some additional precautions and rules by the waste management contractors.
Diabetes mellitus is associated with a higher risk for major depressive disorder in women than in men

Introduction Both diabetes mellitus and being female significantly increase the risk of being diagnosed with major depressive disorder (MDD). The diagnosis of MDD, combined with diabetes mellitus, can be detrimental in terms of mortality and morbidity. We aimed at investigating the impact of diabetes mellitus on the gender gap in MDD over the course of a human lifetime. Research design and methods In a cross-sectional study over the course of 17 years, medical claims data of the general Austrian population (n=8 996 916) between 1997 and 2014 was analyzed. Of these, 123 232 patients with diabetes mellitus were extracted and compared with non-diabetic controls. Results In a cohort of 123 232 patients with diabetes mellitus and 1 933 218 controls (52% females, 48% males), women with diabetes had 2.55 times increased ORs to be diagnosed with MDD compared with women without diabetes (95% CI 2.48 to 2.62, p<0.001) between the age of 30 and 69 years. The effect of diabetes mellitus on the prevalence of MDD was significantly smaller in men (OR=1.85, 95% CI 1.80 to 1.91, p<0.001). Between 0 and 30 years and after age 70 years, the gender gap of MDD was not different between patients with and without diabetes mellitus. The peak of the gender gap in MDD in patients with diabetes mellitus was around the age of 40–49 years. A sensitivity analysis identified overweight, obesity and alcohol dependence as the most potent influencing factors of the widening of the gender gap among patients with diabetes mellitus. Conclusions Diabetes mellitus is a stronger risk factor for MDD in women than in men, with the greatest width of the gender gap between 40 and 49 years. High-risk patients for MDD, such as overweight female patients with diabetes, should be more carefully assessed and monitored.
Disparities in COVID-19 Incidence, Hospitalizations, and Testing, by Area-Level Deprivation — Utah, March 3–July 9, 2020

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has had a substantial impact on racial and ethnic minority populations and essential workers in the United States, but the role of geographic social and economic inequities (i.e., deprivation) in these disparities has not been examined (1,2). As of July 9, 2020, Utah had reported 27,356 confirmed COVID-19 cases. To better understand how area-level deprivation might reinforce ethnic, racial, and workplace-based COVID-19 inequities (3), the Utah Department of Health (UDOH) analyzed confirmed cases of infection with SARS-CoV-2 (the virus that causes COVID-19), COVID-19 hospitalizations, and SARS-CoV-2 testing rates in relation to deprivation as measured by Utah's Health Improvement Index (HII) (4). Age-weighted odds ratios (weighted ORs) were calculated by weighting rates for four age groups (≤24, 25-44, 45-64, and ≥65 years) to a 2000 U.S. Census age-standardized population. Odds of infection increased with level of deprivation and were two times greater in high-deprivation areas (weighted OR = 2.08; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.99-2.17) and three times greater (weighted OR = 3.11; 95% CI = 2.98-3.24) in very high-deprivation areas, compared with those in very low-deprivation areas. Odds of hospitalization and testing also increased with deprivation, but to a lesser extent. Local jurisdictions should use measures of deprivation and other social determinants of health to enhance transmission reduction strategies (e.g., increasing availability and accessibility of SARS-CoV-2 testing and distributing prevention guidance) to areas with greatest need. These strategies might include increasing availability and accessibility of SARS-CoV-2 testing, contact tracing, isolation options, preventive care, disease management, and prevention guidance to facilities (e.g., clinics, community centers, and businesses) in areas with high levels of deprivation.
Estimating Trunk Angle Kinematics During Lifting Using a Computationally Efficient Computer Vision Method

Objective A computer vision method was developed for estimating the trunk flexion angle, angular speed, and angular acceleration by extracting simple features from the moving image during lifting. Background Trunk kinematics is an important risk factor for lower back pain, but is often difficult to measure by practitioners for lifting risk assessments. Methods Mannequins representing a wide range of hand locations for different lifting postures were systematically generated using the University of Michigan 3DSSPP software. A bounding box was drawn tightly around each mannequin and regression models estimated trunk angles. The estimates were validated against human posture data for 216 lifts collected using a laboratory-grade motion capture system and synchronized video recordings. Trunk kinematics, based on bounding box dimensions drawn around the subjects in the video recordings of the lifts, were modeled for consecutive video frames. Results The mean absolute difference between predicted and motion capture measured trunk angles was 14.7°, and there was a significant linear relationship between predicted and measured trunk angles (R2 = .80, p < .001). The training error for the kinematics model was 2.3°. Conclusion Using simple computer vision-extracted features, the bounding box method indirectly estimated trunk angle and associated kinematics, albeit with limited precision. Application This computer vision method may be implemented on handheld devices such as smartphones to facilitate automatic lifting risk assessments in the workplace.
Inhibition of mitochondrial oxidative metabolism attenuates EMCV replication and protects β-cells from virally mediated lysis

Viral infection is one environmental factor that may contribute to the initiation of pancreatic β-cell destruction during the development of autoimmune diabetes. Picornaviruses, such as encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV), induce a pro-inflammatory response in islets leading to local production of cytokines, such as IL-1, by resident islet leukocytes. Furthermore, IL-1 is known to stimulate β-cell expression of iNOS and production of the free radical nitric oxide. The purpose of this study was to determine whether nitric oxide contributes to the β-cell response to viral infection. We show that nitric oxide protects β-cells against virally mediated lysis by limiting EMCV replication. This protection requires low micromolar, or iNOS-derived, levels of nitric oxide. At these concentrations nitric oxide inhibits the Krebs enzyme aconitase and complex IV of the electron transport chain. Like nitric oxide, pharmacological inhibition of mitochondrial oxidative metabolism attenuates EMCV-mediated β-cell lysis by inhibiting viral replication. These findings provide novel evidence that cytokine signaling in β-cells functions to limit viral replication and subsequent β-cell lysis by attenuating mitochondrial oxidative metabolism in a nitric oxide–dependent manner.
The critical closing pressure contribution to dynamic cerebral autoregulation in humans: influence of arterial partial pressure of CO2

Dynamic cerebral autoregulation (CA) is often expressed by the mean arterial blood pressure (MAP)–cerebral blood flow (CBF) relationship, with little attention given to the dynamic relationship between MAP and cerebrovascular resistance (CVR). In CBF velocity (CBFV) recordings with transcranial Doppler, evidence demonstrates that CVR should be replaced by a combination of a resistance–area product (RAP) with a critical closing pressure (CrCP) parameter, the blood pressure value where CBFV reaches zero due to vessels collapsing. Transfer function analysis of the MAP–CBFV relationship can be extended to the MAP–RAP and MAP–CrCP relationships, to assess their contribution to the dynamic CA response. During normocapnia, both RAP and CrCP make a significant contribution to explaining the MAP–CBFV relationship. Hypercapnia, a surrogate state of depressed CA, leads to marked changes in dynamic CA, that are entirely explained by the CrCP response, without further contribution from RAP in comparison with normocapnia.
Expanded roles of pyruvate-sensing PdhR in transcription regulation of the Escherichia coli K-12 genome: fatty acid catabolism and cell motility

The transcription factor PdhR has been recognized as the master regulator of the pyruvate catabolism pathway in Escherichia coli , including both NAD-linked oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate to acetyl-CoA by PDHc (pyruvate dehydrogenase complex) and respiratory electron transport of NADH to oxygen by Ndh-CyoABCD enzymes. To identify the whole set of regulatory targets under the control of pyruvate-sensing PdhR, we performed genomic SELEX (gSELEX) screening in vitro. A total of 35 PdhR-binding sites were identified along the E. coli K-12 genome, including previously identified targets. Possible involvement of PdhR in regulation of the newly identified target genes was analysed in detail by gel shift assay, RT-qPCR and Northern blot analysis. The results indicated the participation of PdhR in positive regulation of fatty acid degradation genes and negative regulation of cell mobility genes. In fact, GC analysis indicated an increase in free fatty acids in the mutant lacking PdhR. We propose that PdhR is a bifunctional global regulator for control of a total of 16–23 targets, including not only the genes involved in central carbon metabolism but also some genes for the surrounding pyruvate-sensing cellular pathways such as fatty acid degradation and flagella formation. The activity of PdhR is controlled by pyruvate, the key node between a wide variety of metabolic pathways, including generation of metabolic energy and cell building blocks.