Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Implementing 5D BIM on construction projects: contractor perspectives from the UK construction sector

The purpose of this paper is to report on primary research findings that sought to investigate and analyse salient issues on the implementation of 5D building information modelling (BIM) from the UK contractors’ perspective. Previous research and efforts have predominantly focussed on the use of technologies for cost estimation and quantity takeoff within a more traditional-led procurement, with a paucity of research focussing on how 5D BIM could facilitate costing within contractor-led procurement. This study fills this current knowledge gap and enhances the understanding of the specific costing challenges faced by contractors in contractor-led projects, leading to the development of 5D framework for use in future projects. ,To develop a fully detailed understanding of the challenges and issues being faced in this regard, a phenomenological, qualitative-based study was undertaken through interviews involving 21 participants from UK-wide construction organisations. A thematic data analytical process was applied to the data to derive key issues, and this was then used to inform the development of a 5D-BIM costing framework. ,Multi-disciplinary findings reveal a range of issues faced by contractors when implementing 5D BIM. These exist at strategic, operational and technological levels which require addressing successful implementation of 5D BIM on contractor-led projects adhering to Level 2 BIM standards. These findings cut across the range of stakeholders on contractor-led projects. Ultimately, the findings suggest strong commitment and leadership from organisational management are required to facilitate cost savings and generate accurate cost information. ,This study highlights key issues for any party seeking to effectively deploy 5D BIM on a contractor-led construction project. A considerable cultural shift towards automating and digitising cost functions virtually, stronger collaborative working relationship relative to costing in design development, construction practice, maintenance and operation is required. ,By analysing findings from primary research data, the work concludes with the development of a 5D BIM costing framework to support contractor-led projects which can be implemented to ensure that 5D BIM is successfully implemented.
Effect of Exogenous Administration of Tamoxifen on Hormonal Profile and Sexual Maturity in Indian Native Kadaknath Fowl

The effect of exogenous administration of tamoxifen (TAM) on hormonal profile and sexual maturity in Indian native Kadaknath (KN) fowl was investigated. Day-old chicks from the same hatch were randomly divided into 15 groups with 20 chicks in each group (5 treatments×3 replicates). The chicks were placed in battery brooders with wire-mesh floors and reared under uniform husbandry conditions (14 h light/d, 25-32°C) on a standard basal diet. At the age of two weeks (wk), birds from the control group (T 1 ) were injected with maize oil intramuscularly (I/M), whereas the other four experimental groups T 2 , T 3 , T 4 and T 5 were given tamoxifen (I/M) dissolved in maize oil at the rate of 0.5 mg (0.5 TAM), 1.0 mg (1.0 TAM), 2.5 mg (2.5 TAM) and 5.0 mg (5.0 TAM)/kg body weight, respectively, up to 30 wks on every alternate day. At every 6-wk interval, blood samples were collected from nine birds of each treatment group for estimation of estrogen and progesterone. The same birds were sacrificed for determination of the weight of ovary, oviduct, liver and adipose tissue. There was no significant difference in egg production traits except onset of lay and egg number. Low doses of TAM (T 3 ) advanced the onset of egg laying by 15 days over the control. Tamoxifen influenced the hormonal profile (estrogen and progesterone) in a dose dependent manner. However, higher doses of TAM suppressed ovary and oviductal growth. From this study, it may be concluded that lower doses of TAM enhanced sexual maturity while higher doses suppressed ovary and oviductal growth.
Research on Cache Strategy of Supporting D2D Communication Based on Recommendation Mechanism

In D2D wireless cache network, a good cache strategy is very important, but the current cache strategy has the problems of low cache hit rate and high base station cost. Aiming at this problem, this paper proposes a smart base station cache strategy based on recommendation mechanism. Through the Q-learning algorithm to learn user mobility and file popularity information, a base station cache strategy with the goal of minimizing long-term base station cost is obtained. How to formulate the base station cache strategy and set the recommendation mechanism under different user movement scenarios in the cellular network. The simulation results show that the lower the user’s mobility rate is, the smaller the optimal recommendation strength is. In the four user mobility scenarios in the simulation, the proposed cache strategy reduces the core network cost by up to 22.4% compared with the greedy cache, and it is reduced by up to 18.6% recommended strategy.
Polytrichum tongariroense Colenso, a resurrected name in New Zealand Dendroligotrichum (Polytrichaceae)

gemmae lacking, rhizoidal gemmae present, plants not silt-encrusted, very rare. S. amplexa (Lesq.) R.H. Zander Syntrichia montana var. calva has been recorded mainly from walls, but records also include growth on tertiary limestone rocks, concrete, soil, and calcareous or volcanic rocks in open and warm habitats. When enquiring about the European distribution, I asked if there was any evidence that this plant has increased in frequency in recent years, but this was not thought to be the case. I thank John Grimshaw, the botanist at Colesbourne Park, who with the kind permission of the owners Henry and Caroline Elwes arranged the visit. I am grateful to Jonathan Sleath for identification of the plant and Tom Blockeel for confirmation. Tom also provided comments on the text and the record from Greece. I thank the following people for information on the European distribution: Jean Werner, Henk Greven, Heike Hoffman (NISM database), Claudia & Thomas Schneider, and Thierry Mahevas. I thank Cambridge University Press for permission to use the extract from the key to Syntrichia in Smith’s (2004) flora.
Youth Mobilization to Stop Global Climate Change: Narratives and Impact

Galvanized by Greta Thunberg’s idea for Friday school strikes, “climate strikes” emerged in 2018 and 2019 as a form of youth social movement demanding far-reaching action on climate change. Youths have taken various actions to combat climate change, but academics have not paid sufficient attention to youth climate mobilization. This study thus examines the questions of what has motivated youth to mobilize and how they have shaped global climate politics and governance. This study focuses particularly on the narrative of youth activists to address their understanding of climate change and their ideas regarding how to respond to it. Youth collective action has succeeded in problematizing global climate inaction and inertia and in framing climate change from a justice perspective, but activists have faced limitations in converting their moral legitimacy into the power required for sweeping changes. Overall, this study demonstrates the emergence of young people as agents of change in the global climate change arena and the urgency of engaging them in climate change governance and policymaking.
Anomalous Ocean Conditions May Explain the Recent Extreme Variability in Fraser River Sockeye Salmon Production

Abstract Record low returns of sockeye salmon Oncorhynchus nerka to the Fraser River in 2009 were followed by record high returns to the river in 2010, providing an unprecedented opportunity to examine links between oceanic factors and the survival of Pacific salmon stocks. The low returns in 2009 indicated poor early marine survival of juvenile sockeye salmon in 2007. The poor survival was likely due to low food levels arising from unfavorable wind and runoff conditions in the Strait of Georgia and the Queen Charlotte Sound-Hecate Strait region in the spring of 2007. Conversely, the high returns in 2010 were associated with a large smolt output from the Fraser River and good early marine survival in 2008. This enhanced survival was likely associated with adequate food levels arising from favorable oceanic conditions in the Strait of Georgia and the Queen Charlotte Sound-Hecate Strait region in the spring of 2008. We speculate that ocean factors during the subsequent marine years also affected brood year strength. Specifically, the back-to-back La Nina winters of 2007–2008 and 2008–2009 would have negatively influenced the survivability of the 2007 entry stocks, while the El Niño winter of 2009–2010 would have positively affected the survivability of the 2008 entry stocks. We conclude that poor early marine survival leads to low production. However, if large numbers of healthy fish survive the early marine entry, and if conditions during at least one of the two ocean winters in the Gulf of Alaska are favorable to stock survivability, then returns to the river can be high.
THE EFFECT OF WORK DISCIPLINE AND WORK MOTIVATION ON EMPLOYEE PRODUCTIVITY WITH COMPETENCE AS INTERVIENING VARIABLES

Companies must pay attention to the ability of employees, payback to employees, sanctions against discipline violations, tighter supervision in an effort to improve or improve employee performance. Work discipline is an important factor in improving employee performance. With good work discipline from employees such as arriving on time, carrying out work in accordance with what has been set by the company, obeying company regulations will be able to improve the performance of these employees so that company targets will be achieved.The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of work discipline and work motivation on employee productivity with competence as an interviening variable at PT. Denso Indonesia Plan 2 Cibitung Bekasi Jawa Bara. This research uses the type of research kquantitative research. This research was conducted at PT. Denso Indonesia Plan 2 Cibitung Bekasi West Java, with a population of 192 employees. In this study a sample of 130 people with a tolerance limit of 5%. The sampling technique used in this study is the Purpose Sampling technique to determine the research sample with certain considerations aimed at making the data obtained later more representative. As for the sample is a production employee who has worked for more than 3 years and worked as a machine operator. Test the validity and reliability of the data using the product moment correlation formula from Pearson and Cronbach's Alpha. Data analysis techniques used to test hypotheses are multiple linear regression analysis and Path analysis.
Paternal Association of Increased Susceptibility to Viral Haemorrhagic Septicaemia (VHS) in Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

Farming of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in Europe is hampered by unacceptably heavy losses due to the severe infectious disease viral haemorrhagic septicaemia (VHS). Strain-dependent variation of VHS resistance exists. A long-term breeding programme to increase VHS resistance in rainbow trout has been started in Denmark. This programme will be based on experimental VHS challenge of the parental fish (n = 84) as well as their normal and gynogenetic offspring (16 fullsib F1 groups). We found a paternal influence on the average VHS resistance of the offspring; partial regression coefficients for sire-offspring were estimated at 0.30 ± 0.09 and for dam-offspring at −0.1 ± 0.12.
Nerve Growth Factor Signaling and Its Contribution to Pain

Abstract Nerve growth factor (NGF) is a neurotrophic protein essential for the growth, differentiation, and survival of sympathetic and sensory afferent neurons during development. A substantial body of evidence, based on both animal and human studies, demonstrates that NGF plays a pivotal role in modulation of nociception in adulthood. This has spurred development of a variety of novel analgesics that target the NGF signaling pathway. Here, we present a narrative review designed to summarize how NGF receptor activation and downstream signaling alters nociception through direct sensitization of nociceptors at the site of injury and changes in gene expression in the dorsal root ganglion that collectively increase nociceptive signaling from the periphery to the central nervous system. This review illustrates that NGF has a well-known and multifunctional role in nociceptive processing, although the precise signaling pathways downstream of NGF receptor activation that mediate nociception are complex and not completely understood. Additionally, much of the existing knowledge derives from studies performed in animal models and may not accurately represent the human condition. However, available data establish a role for NGF in the modulation of nociception through effects on the release of inflammatory mediators, nociceptive ion channel/receptor activity, nociceptive gene expression, and local neuronal sprouting. The role of NGF in nociception and the generation and/or maintenance of chronic pain has led to it becoming a novel and attractive target of pain therapeutics for the treatment of chronic pain conditions.
Capture myopathy in a corsican red deer Cervus elaphus corsicanus (Ungulata: Cervidae)

Abstract The present study focused on the importance of translocation as stressful event in an endangered cervid species causing fatal consequences during capture operations. Fourteen free-ranging Sardinian red deer (Cervus elaphus corsicanus) have been captured for restocking propose in a protected area of southwestern Sardinia. The cervids were chemically immobilized, transported to a restocking area and released in the wild. Sixteen hours after the release, a pregnant hind was found dead and a complete necropsy was performed. Post-capture blood samples showed increased levels of creatine kinase, lactate dehydrogenase, cortisol and potassium and were highly indicative of stress-linked muscle damage. The macro- and microscopic lesions consisted of muscular and cardiac degeneration, and renal injury. In the kidneys, the presence of myoglobin in intratubular casts, detected by immunohistochemistry assay, suggested an acute renal failure associated with myoglobinuric nephrosis as a consequence of rhabdomyolysis. The pathological findings were indicative of capture myopathy in a Cervus elaphus corsicanus. This condition has never been reported in the endangered Corsican red deer. This report underlines that mortality from capture is a risk that must be considered during restocking programs. Further studies are needed to minimize stress to preserve wildlife from the risk of fatal consequences due to human interactions.
Moderate water restriction differentially constrains reproduction in two species of dwarf hamster (Phodopus)

The dwarf hamsters Phodopus campbelli and P. sungorus are found in semi-arid areas of Siberia and northern Mongolia, but habitat and diet differences suggest species differences in water regulatory efficiency. These differences were investigated by examining the effect of moderate water restriction (50% of ad libitum consumption) on solitary dams and on their reproductive success. In response to water restriction, P. sungorus dams lost less body mass than P. campbelli dams, and despite similar litter sizes, P. sungorus produced heavier litters and pups than P. campbelli, indicating that P. sungorus pups were larger. These results suggest that P. sungorus is more tolerant of water restriction than P. campbelli. In a second experiment the possibility that paternal care may mitigate the effects of water restriction was examined by leaving the mated pair together throughout lactation. Pairing reduced mass loss by P. campbelli dams and increased the proportion of large P. campbelli pups at weaning, but had no .
Structure Function and Splice Site Analysis of the Synaptogenic Activity of the Neurexin-1β LNS Domain

Recent findings suggest that the neurexin-neuroligin link promotes both GABAergic and glutamatergic synaptogenesis, but the mechanism by which neurexins influence the clustering of appropriate neuroligins and postsynaptic differentiation remains unclear. Previous studies suggested that the presence or absence of alternatively spliced residues at splice site 4 (S4) in the neurexin LNS domain may regulate neurexin function. We demonstrate that addition of the S4 insert selectively reduces the ability of neurexin-1β to cluster neuroligin-1/3/4 and glutamatergic postsynaptic proteins, although clustering of neuroligin-2 and GABAergic postsynaptic proteins remain strong. Furthermore, addition of the S4 insert decreases the binding affinity of neurexin-1β to neuroligins-1 and -4 but has little effect on binding to neuroligins-2 and -3. Additional structure-function studies reveal the neurexin binding interface mediating synaptogenic activity to be composed primarily of residues in the β2β3, β6β7, and β10β11 loops on one rim of the LNS domain β sandwich. Mutation of two predicted Ca2+-binding residues disrupts postsynaptic protein clustering and binding to neuroligins, consistent with previous findings that neurexin-neuroligin binding is Ca2+ dependent. Glutamatergic postsynaptic clustering was more readily disrupted by the mutagenesis than GABAergic postsynaptic protein clustering. Perhaps neurexins-neuroligins, or neurexin-1β at least, is most important for GABA synapse formation or controlling the balance of GABA and glutamate synapses. These results suggest that differential neurexin-neuroligin binding affinities and splice variations may play an instructive role in postsynaptic differentiation.
Dormancy patterns in accessions of caryopses from savanna grass species in South Eastern Botswana

SUMMARY Caryopsis dormancy patterns of indigenous grass species from South Eastern Botswana were studied. Observed dormancy patterns in accessions from Aristida congesta, Aristida stipitata, Chloris virgata, Eragrostis superba, Eragrostis rigidior, Heteropogon contortus, Rhyncelytrium repens, Schmidtia pappophoroides, and Tragus berteronianus, indicated a drought avoidance dormancy syndrome while caryopses from Cynodon dactylon did not show dormancy. Under room storage conditions, most accessions lost at least part of their dormancy within 6 to 12 months. For some species differences in dormancy pattern were observed between accessions from the same season, as well as for accessions from different seasons. As the type of dispersal unit of the plant may influence its dormancy mechanisms, it is argued, that studies of dormancy patterns and mechanisms of indigenous grass species should include information on the seed dispersal strategy of the species and be based on the comparison of more than one accession.
Quantitative studies on variation in sperm head morphology of the hopping mouse, Notomys alexis

Spermatozoa from the Australian conilurine rodent, Notomys alexis, display a remarkable degree of variability in head morphology. This variation was quantified by differential counting (n=18 animals) and image analysis (n=4 animals) of spermatozoa recovered from the cauda epididymidis and vasa deferentia. Variability in sperm morphology was exhibited in all individuals examined regardless of age. Sperm heads examined by phase contrast microscopy could be classified into four main types, and in addition, often bizarre forms occurred that ranged in shape from having a small dorsocaudal projection to being ovoid or dome-shaped. Measured by image analysis, sperm nuclear size for Notomys alexis ranged from 2.21 to 6.94 μm2 (mean 4.34 ± 0.94 μm2) as compared with a range of 4.53–5.82 μm2 (mean 5.33 ± 0.26 μm2) for spermatozoa from Pseudomys australis, a closely related species. The acrosome of Notomys alexis spermatozoa also exhibited considerable morphological variation as detected by immunolocalisation with a monoclonal antibody to a mammalian acrosomal antigen. This variability exhibited by both the acrosome and the nucleus of the sperm head in Notomys alexis may relate to low levels of intermale sperm competition that probably occurs in these animals.
Postembryonic development of γ‐aminobutyric acid‐like Immunoreactivity in the brain of the sphinx moth Manduca sexta

We have investigated the distribution of immunocytochemical staining for the neurotransmitter γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA) in the brain of the sphinx moth Manduca sexta during larval, pupal, and adult development. In the larval brain, about 300 neurons are GABA‐immunoreactive. All neuropil areas except the mushroom bodies and central complex show intense immunostaining. Only minor changes in the pattern of immunoreactivity occur during larval development. During metamorphosis, changes in immunostaining occur in two phases. Beginning in wandering fifth‐instar larvae (stage W2), immunoreactivity appears in numerous neurons of the central body and optic lobe and becomes more intense during early pupal stages. At the same time, GABA‐like immunoreactivity disappears in most neuropil areas of the brain and becomes faint in many immunoreactive somata. Neurons with arborizations in the ventrolateral protocerebrum, however, continue to exhibit intense immunostaining during this period, and strongly immunolabeled fibers connect these areas with the ventral nerve cord. The second phase of transformation begins around pupal stage P5/P6, when faint immunostaining appears in many previously nonimmunoreactive somata and most neuropil areas of the brain. In subsequent stages (P8–P10), this immunoreactivity disappears again in most somata, but in certain cell groups, it becomes more intense and gradually develops to the adult pattern. Most larval GABA‐immunoreactive neurons appear to survive through metamorphosis into the adult. Neurons in the midbrain that acquire GABA‐like immunoreactivity during metamorphosis usually lie adjacent to larval immunostained neurons, suggesting common lineages. The onsets of the two developmental phases of GABA‐like immunoreactivity correlate with sharp rises in hemolymph titers of ecdysteroid hormones, suggesting a role for ecdysteroids in the regulation of GABA synthesis. We hypothesize that the disappearance of GABA in many areas of the brain starting 2 days prior to pupation dramatically alters its functional circuitry and thus may account for profound changes in the behavior of the animal. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Growth and mortality of Hepatus pudibundus (Crustacea: Calappidae) in south-western Brazil

The predatory action of the pink shrimp (Farfantepenaeus brasiliensis and Farfantepenaeus paulensis) trawling fishery in south-western Brazil affects populations of some benthic species and Hepatus pudibundus is an abundant by-catch in this fishery. Individual growth and mortality of H. pudibundus were studied by taking monthly samples for a year from the by-catch of the pink shrimp fishery in the Ubatuba region. The von Bertalanffy growth model described growth of H. pudibundus (K=2.73 y-1, CW∞=82.97 mm; K=2.62 y-1, CW∞=66.72 mm, for males and females respectively). Modal progression of the monthly average sizes was related to increasing values of relative condition index. The instantaneous coefficients of total, natural, and fishing mortality were: males, Z=7.62 y-1; M=1.80 y-1; F=5.83 y-1; females, Z=7.36 y-1; M=1.80 y-1; F=5.56 y-1. Length composition and mortality analysis suggest that H. pudibundus in the Ubatuba region might be overfished.