Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Application of Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) and an Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) for Assessment of Safety Culture: An Integrated Modeling Approach

The primary purpose of this study was to apply structural equation modeling (SEM) integrated with an adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) approach to model the safety culture of the petrochemical industry of Japan. Workers from five companies located in the Chugoku region of Japan completed a paper-based survey distributed by email. SEM and ANFIS methods were integrated in order to identify and model the important factors of the safety culture. The results of SEM indicate that employee attitudes toward safety, coworker’s support, work pressure, and plant safety management systems were significant factors influencing violation behavior, personnel safety motivation, and personnel error behavior. Furthermore, the application of the ANFIS modeling approach showed that employees’ attitude was the most critical predictor of violation behavior and personnel error behavior, while coworkers support was the most critical predictor in modeling personnel safety motivation.
Improving the Quality and Safety of Airway Management

ii Acknowledgements . iii Included publications . iv Table of contents . vi List of figures . viii List of tables . x Outline of this thesis . xii Abbreviations . xiv Chapter 1. Literature review . 1 1.1. Assessment prior to airway management . 1 1.2. Planning the management of a patient’s airway . 16 1.3. Percutaneous emergency airway access . 18 1.4. Equipment to manage a difficult airway . 24 Chapter 2. An audit of airway management equipment in a metropolitan region. 29 Chapter 3. Equipment to manage a difficult airway during anaesthesia . 43 Chapter 4. Education in airway management . 68 Chapter 5. Thyromental distance measurement – fingers don’t rule. 80 Chapter 6. Airway management during an EXIT procedure for a foetus with dysgnathia complex . 87 Chapter 7. A prospective randomised trial comparing supraglottic airways for flexible bronchoscopy in children 94 Chapter 8. Failure to ventilate with supraglottic airways after drowning . 106 Chapter 9. An audit of laryngoscopes and application of a new ISO standard. 111 Chapter 10. Visual acuity during direct laryngoscopy at different illuminance levels . 123 Chapter 11. Parker Flex-Tip or standard tracheal tube for percutaneous emergency airway access? A prospective randomised trial. 138 Chapter 12. Experimental adaptation of the Enk Oxygen Flow Modulator for potential paediatric use . 149 Chapter 13. How anaesthetists in New Zealand disseminate critical airway information about patients . 159 Chapter 14. Discussion and conclusions . 171 Appendix index . 178
Detection of the Weaning Instant by Means of Recurrence Quantification Analysis

Weaning from mechanical ventilation is still one of the most challenging problems in intensive care. Unnecessary delays in discontinuation and weaning trials that are undertaken too early are both undesirable. This study investigate a method based on the analysis of heart rate and respiration rate by means of Recurrence Quantification Analysis (RQA), to detect if a patient on weaning trial is ready to remove its endotracheal tube. The analysis has been done on a database of patients, WEANDB, where they are classified, patients who overcome the process and those without. The proposed method is based on taking as reference for classification, time series RQA from the analysis of the physiological signals sliced in time. Two types of binary classifiers, “Support Vector Machine” and RQA signals histogram observation, both are used to differentiate successful trials on weaning from failed trials. The results show that the use of time series RQA gives promising results of classification, in both cases have been obtained results around 80% of success without having done an exhaustive parameter optimization.
Constraints on the Geometry and Frictional Properties of the Main Himalayan Thrust Using Coseismic, Postseismic, and Interseismic Deformation in Nepal

The geometry and frictional properties of a fault system are key parameters required to understand its seismic behavior. The Main Himalayan Thrust in Nepal is the type example of a continental megathrust and forms part of a fault system which accommodates a significant fraction of India‐Eurasia convergence. Despite extensive study of this zone of shortening, the geometry of the fault system remains controversial. Here, we use interseismic, coseismic, and postseismic geodetic data in Nepal to investigate the proposed downdip geometries. We use interseismic and coseismic data from previous studies, acquired before and during the 2015 Mw 7.8 Gorkha earthquake. We then supplement these by processing our own postseismic deformation data, acquired following the Gorkha earthquake. We find that kinematic modeling of geodetic data alone cannot easily distinguish between the previously proposed geometries. We therefore develop a mechanical joint coseismic‐postseismic slip inversion which simultaneously solves for the distribution of coseismic slip and rate‐strengthening friction parameters. We run this inversion using the proposed geometries and find that they are all capable of explaining the majority of geodetic data. We find values for the rate parameter, a , from the rate‐and‐state friction law that are between 0.8 and 1.6×10−3 , depending on the geometry used. These values are in agreement with results from laboratory studies and those inferred from other earthquakes. We suggest that the limitations of earthquake cycle geodesy partly explain the continued controversy over the geometry and role of various faults in the Nepal Himalaya.
Elastic–plastic-damage model of nano-indentation of the ion-irradiated 6061 aluminium alloy

The paper presents experimental and numerical characterization of damage evolution for ion-irradiated materials subjected to plastic deformation during nano-indentation. Ion irradiation technique belongs to the methods where creation of radiation-induced defects is controlled with a high accuracy (including both, concentration and depth distribution control), and allows to obtain materials having a wide range of damage level, usually expressed in terms of displacements per atom (dpa) scale. Ion affected layers are usually thin, typically less than 1 micrometer thick. Such a low thickness requires to use nano-indentation technique to measure the mechanical properties of the irradiated layers. The He or Ar ion penetration depth reaches approximately 150 nm, which is sufficient to perform several loading-partial-unloading cycles at increasing forces. Damage evolution is reflected by the force-displacement diagram, that is backed by the stress–strain relation including damage. In this work the following approach is applied: dpa is obtained from physics (irradiation mechanisms), afterwards, the radiation-induced damage is defined in the framework of continuum damage mechanics to solve the problem of further evolution of damage fields under mechanical loads. The nature of radiation-induced damage is close to porosity because of formation of clusters of vacancies. The new mathematical relation between radiation damage (dpa) and porosity parameter is proposed. Deformation process experienced by the ion irradiated materials during the nano-indentation test is then numerically simulated by using extended Gurson–Tvergaard–Needleman (GTN) model, that accounts for the damage effects. The corresponding numerical results are validated by means of the experimental measurements. It turns out, that the GTN model quite successfully reflects closure of voids, and increase of material density during the nano-indentation.
Latin American undergraduates and learning patterns in the transition to higher education: an exploratory study in Colombia

The aim of this study was to analyse the relationship between learning patterns, associated factors, and academic performance in 115 Colombian first-year university students. We posed the need to discuss the Vermunt model in other contexts, with an aim to supply evidence toward a more robust, inclusive model in analyzing learning processes.
Experimentation of NHT And TPS Learning Model Using CTL Approach Towards Mathematics Learning Outcomes Viewed from Student Learning Styles

This study aims to find out (1) which NHT cooperative learning model with the CTL approach provides better learning outcomes than the TPS learning model with the CTL approach, (2) which ones provide better learning outcomes for each learning style, (3) in each model with which learning approach provides better learning outcomes in each learning style, (4) in each learning style, which provides better learning outcomes for each model with a learning approach. This study is a quasi-experimental research. The population in this study were all eighth grade students of Sukoharjo Middle School 2 with a sampling technique using ramdom sampling clusters. The data analysis technique uses two-way variance analysis with cells not the same as the normality test prerequisite test and data homogeneity test. The results of this study are (1) The NHT learning model with the CTL approach has better learning outcomes than the TPS learning model with the CTL approach, (2) Students with learning styles on the kinesthetic type provide higher learning outcomes than students with learning styles of the type audio, students' mathematical learning outcomes with learning styles on kinesthetic types as well as students with learning styles in the visual type and student mathematics learning outcomes with learning styles in the visual type as well as students with learning styles on the audio type, (3) for each learning model, consistent with the results of the learning style type, (4) for each learning style type , it applies consistently to the results of the learning model.
Understanding Work Teams From a Network Perspective: A Review and Future Research Directions

As social network theory and methodology advance, scholars in multiple fields have increasingly become interested in examining work teams using network perspectives. Social networks not only enabled work team researchers to theorize about interdependencies and the dynamic interplay of team components (i.e., individuals, dyads, and whole teams) but also provided a methodological tool kit with which to operationalize and test hypotheses about such interdependencies. To this end, the purpose of this article is to conduct an integrative review of organizational teams research that has adopted a social network perspective to highlight what is known and what remains to be addressed. We then outline an agenda for future research that introduces three promising areas to guide researchers to move the field forward. We conclude that a more thorough integration of the networks and teams literatures offer great promise for advancing both our science and practice.
Assessing and Modeling Soil Detachment Capacity by Overland Flow in Forest and Woodland of Northern Iran

Land use has significant effects on the erosion process, since it influences the soil detachment capacity by causing an overland flow (Dc). The effects of different land uses on the rill detachment capacity have not been explained in depth, and the hydraulic parameters providing accurate estimates of this soil property have not been completely identified. This study quantifies Dc at low flow rates in woodland and forestland, compared to two other land uses (cropland and grassland), in the Saravan watershed (Northern Iran), and develops prediction models of Dc and rill erodibility (Kr). Dc was measured on undisturbed soil samples, collected in the four land uses, and characterized in terms of the main physico-chemical properties in a flume experiment, simulating five slopes and five shallow water flows. The results showed that Dc was significantly lower in woodland and forestland compared to cropland and grassland, as the consequence of the changes in the main soil properties and the more developed vegetation cover and structure. Dc was positively correlated to clay and silt contents of soils, and negatively correlated to sand content, aggregate stability, root density, and organic matter. The stream power and unit stream power were found to be very accurate predictors of Dc in woodland and forestland, respectively. Kr values, which assumed the lowest values in woodland and forestland, were provided by interpolating Dc and the shear stress of water flow. Overall, this study has confirmed that vegetation cover and improved soil properties in forestland and woodland may help to reduce erosion in delicate environment ecosystems, such as the forests of Northern Iran.
Asymmetric Momentum Threshold Effect of Copper Futures Returns on Spot Returns Volatility in London Metals Exchange under High Volatility

This paper discusses the asymmetric momentum threshold effect of copper futures returns on spot returns volatility in the London Metal Exchange. Referring the Threshold Autoregressive (TAR) and Momentum Threshold Autoregressive (MTAR) models, this study utilizes a Hybrid MTAR-GARCH model to test the asymmetric momentum threshold effects of LME copper futures returns on spot returns volatility. It is revealed that there are indeed asymmetric momentum threshold effects of LME copper futures returns on spot returns volatility. This finding would be beneficial to financial decision-making concerning copper price hedging, arbitrage and investment amidst high volatility market conditions.
Interhemispheric Coupling Mechanisms in the Middle Atmosphere of WACCM6

Simulations with the Community Earth System Model, version 2, using the Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model version 6 [CESM2(WACCM6)] configuration, show evidence of dynamical coupling from the high latitudes of the winter middle atmosphere to the tropics and the middle and high latitudes of the summer hemisphere. Analysis of monthly and daily output covering 195 simulation years indicates that the response in the summer middle and high latitudes has a weak overall magnitude of a few kelvins or less in temperature but has a repeatable pattern whose structure and phase agree with observational studies. Lag correlation indicates that perturbations in wave activity in the winter stratosphere, as quantified by Eliassen–Palm (EP) flux divergence, are accompanied by perturbations in the transformed Eulerian-mean meridional wind extending into the summer hemisphere. There is not an appreciable correlation with momentum forcing in the summer hemisphere by either resolved waves or parameterized gravity waves. The rapid circulation response and the lack of a wave response in the summer hemisphere suggest that the interhemispheric coupling that is simulated in WACCM6 in both the stratosphere and the mesosphere owes its existence to a circulation that develops to restore balance to the zonally averaged state of the atmosphere. This is an alternative explanation for the coupling from the winter stratosphere to the summer mesosphere; previous studies have assumed a necessary role for wave activity in the summer hemisphere.
Influence of Mergers and Acquisitions on New Technology Adoption by Mobile Network Operators in Ghana

The 1990s onwards recorded a wave of cross-border mobile network operator mergers across the world, including Vodafone Group’s acquisition of majority stake in the state-owned Ghana Telecom (GT) in August 2008 and Bharti Airtel taking over Zain Ghana operations as part of its acquisition of Zain Africa in July 2010. The objective of this study was to assess the influence of mergers and acquisitions on deployment of new mobile technologies using two Ghanaian mobile telecommunication companies as case studies. The study adopted a qualitative research methodology involving the analysis of secondary data, mainly relevant news reports and company reports. The study identified five major themes which largely influenced their investment and technology deployment decisions. First, the need for market growth, revenue increase, and brand extension were found to be the primary motives for the acquisitions. Second, it was found that one of the Companies had to deal with political and legal uncertainties that characterised the acquisition of a strategic national incumbent, thus delaying new technology deployment. Third, the analysis revealed that one of the companies again had to embark on far reaching organizational change and restructuring processes in order to reduce cost as well as to position itself favourable for the competitive telecom market. Fourth, the study found that both companies following the completion of the acquisition and ensuing matters being addressed made significant investments to upgrade their network infrastructure and technology. Finally, the analysis showed the perception of the technology, company policy and other factors also influenced the pace of technology deployment. The overall conclusion of the findings is that the acquisitions provided incentives for the case study telecom companies to expand their network infrastructure and deploy new technologies.
Volunteer ambulance officers find a voice

Ambulance services are experiencing difficulties associated with providing a volunteer service, with a rapid turnover of volunteer ambulance officers (VAOs) and, at times, inadequate roster cover. The research project Stand Up and Be Counted was carried out in 2001 and 2002. It asked VAOs about the issues that were important to them in order to provide ambulance services with information on the motivations and support needs of VAOs, the demographics of the VAO population and factors impacting on recruitment and retention at an organisational level. Over 2,500 VAOs were surveyed in Western Australia, South Australia, Victoria, Tasmania, Queensland, Northern Territory, and New Zealand. The overall return rate was 38%. In this paper, a summary of the findings from the study is presented and reconsidered through a social capital framework. A significant value shared by many VAOs was “assisting the community”. Ambulance services should be encouraged to strengthen social capital by supporting community engagement. Ambulance services can assist VAOs to build stronger vertical networks within their organisation by improving communication systems so that volunteers can find a voice, be heard within their organisations, and be recognised by their communities for their role. The findings also showed that both clinical support systems that assist VAOs to provide an effective service, and effective communication systems are highly valued by volunteers. Ambulance services must provide VAOs with clinical support and a work culture that encourages the development of social capital both within their organisations and in communities, if they wish to retain this valuable service into the future.
Most family physicians report communicating the risks of adverse drug reactions in words (vs. numbers)

Family physicians can communicate the risk of adverse drug reactions to patients using words or numbers, and this format selection has important implications for patients’ risk perception and their ability to make informed decisions. The present study (i) assessed which formats family physicians preferred to communicate the risk of a given side effect, (ii) tested whether the severity of this adverse drug reaction affected this preference and (iii) investigated the types of verbal or numerical quantifier family physicians preferred to use in general (e.g., ratios, percentages). In a sample of 131 family physicians, most reported that they use words to communicate the risk of mild and severe adverse drug reactions to patients in a format selection task, but the verbal preference was weaker for severe adverse drug reactions. A quantifier selection task showed consistently, that the most common quantifiers family physicians reported to use were verbal frequencies and verbal probabilities. Family physicians and patients should be aware of the implications of this verbal preference.
Cardiopulmonary Effects of Propofol Infusion in Canvasback Ducks (Aythya valisineria)

Appropriate loading and infusion dosages of IV propofol were determined in five adult female canvasback ducks (Aythya valisineria). In these ducks, the dosage was determined as 15 mg/kg of propofol IV loading dose, delivered over 1 minute, followed by a constant infusion rate of 0.8 mg/kg/minute to maintain anesthesia. The cardiopulmonary effects and quality of anesthesia were then evaluated in seven canvasback ducks during constant infusion. Ducks were instrumented (arterial and venous catheters) during isoflurane anesthesia. Systolic, mean, and diastolic pressures, heart and respiratory rates, and esophageal temperature were recorded before propofol anesthesia (baseline and after the duck had recovered from isoflurane anesthesia), and at 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, and 35 minutes (5 minutes after infusion was discontinued) after induction. Arterial blood samples were collected at baseline and at 5, 10, 15, 30, and 35 minutes after induction and were analyzed for partial pressures of arterial oxygen (Pao2) and arterial carbon dioxide (Paco2) and arterial pH. One duck died during dose determination and another during the cardiopulmonary study, which suggests a low therapeutic index in canvasback ducks. During the anesthetic period (1-30 minutes), body temperature and Pao2 values decreased significantly and values of mean arterial pressure and Paco2 increased. The arterial pH decreased significantly at 5, 10, and 15 minutes after induction. Five minutes after propofol was discontinued (35 minutes), none of the physiologic values measured were significantly different from baseline values. Constant infusion of propofol in ducks has limited use in a clinical setting unless anesthetic depth is monitored and adjusted to accommodate individual variation in dose requirements. The major adverse effect of propofol is respiratory depression, and artificial ventilation of birds during propofol anesthesia is recommended to prevent complications.
Surveillance Data of Eight Consecutive Flu Seasons in Sicily (Italy): What Have They Told Us?

Influenza A and B outbreaks occur each year with different activity and molecular patterns. To date, knowledge of seasonal epidemiology remains a prerequisite not only to put in place the most effective immunization strategy against influenza but also to identify population groups at higher risk of developing serious complications. A retrospective analysis of influenza surveillance data from 2010 to 2018 aimed to explore the epidemiology of influenza in Sicily, at the primary care and hospital level. Overall, 6,740 patients with acute respiratory infection were tested, of which 3,032 (45.0%) were positive for influenza. The relative proportion of type A and B viruses markedly varied across seasons. Type A similarly spreads among children and adults, whereas type B was more commonly identified among pediatric population aged 5-9 years. The median age of confirmed influenza cases differed by health-care setting, increasing according to disease severity (range: 8-54 years). Among influenza-confirmed cases, more than 80% of hospitalized patients had an underlying medical condition. Cardiovascular disease, lung disease, diabetes, and obesity were some of the most frequent. Overall, patients admitted to an intensive care unit were more likely to have multiple comorbidities and being infected with influenza infection strongly increased the risk of severe clinical outcomes. Understanding of the epidemiology of influenza and the molecular features of circulating viruses is of paramount importance to optimize prevention and control strategies. Knowledge of predictors for the occurrence of severe forms of the disease may help to address adequate preventive measures to high-risk population groups.