Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Sleep duration and cardiovascular risk: results of the large-scale epidemiology study ESSE-RF

Background. The recent data suggest that sleep disorders are associated with cardiovascular diseases. We assessed the relation between self-reported sleep duration and cardiovascular and metabolic disorders in the large-scale epidemiological study. Material and methods. The ESSE-RF is a population-based cross-sectional study involving 22,258 participants aged 25–64 years from 13 regions of the Russian Federation. In 2012–2014, all subjects underwent a structured interview including questions about average daily sleep duration, lifestyle, complaints and diseases. The current analyses considered the associations with the following disorders: obesity, hypertension, coronary artery disease, myocardial infarction, stroke (cerebral thrombosis or hemorrhage) and diabetes mellitus. Results. Altogether 20,359 respondents were included in the final analysis. The mean self-reported sleep duration was 7.0 h per night: 23.3% participants reported sleeping less than 6 h while 4.5% subjects slept more than 9 h. We found both short and long sleep duration to be associated with self-reported cardiovascular diseases. The association was independent of age, sex, body mass index, blood pressure, lipids and glucose levels. The multivariable odds were higher for obesity in short-sleepers compared to those sleeping 7–8 h. In the meanwhile, the association was U- shaped for coronary artery disease. A J -shaped relation was found for myocardial infarction. No relation was found for hypertension, diabetes mellitus or stroke. Conclusions. Differences in sleep duration may have health consequences given associations between short and long sleep duration and cardiometabolic outcomes.
Information sharing by nurses in intensive care units with and without interdisciplinary rounds

Information Sharing by Nurses in Intensive Care Units With and Without Interdisciplinary Rounds Situation awareness and distributed situation awareness are important concepts in critical care, where large interdisciplinary teams must coordinate their activities through information sharing to provide lifesaving treatment to patients. Little is known, however, about how nurses contribute to distributed situation awareness in different types of intensive care settings. The purpose of this study was to explore information sharing by nurses in two intensive care units, with and without interdisciplinary rounds. The method of rapid qualitative inquiry was used, which emphasizes data triangulation and iterative data analysis. In each of two intensive care units studied, four RNs were observed for eight hours each, and the content and characteristics of information sharing were recorded. This was followed by chart reviews to determine the impact of information sharing by nurses on patient care. The results demonstrated that there was little difference in the type of information shared, the pattern of information sharing by nurses in the two units, and the impact that information sharing had on patient care. An important exception, however, was that nurses in the unit without interdisciplinary rounds contacted physicians twice as often as nurses in the unit with interdisciplinary rounds. The results were integrated into a revised model of distributed situation awareness.
Clinicopathological pattern of brain tumors: A 3-year study in a tertiary care hospital in India

Background: Brain tumors are heterogeneous group of neoplasms, affecting different age groups. Although some studies have been published regarding pathological pattern of brain tumors from different countries of the world and also from India, comprehensive clinicopathological studies from Eastern India is lacking. Aims: The aim of this study was to observe recent incidence of different brain tumors and to study clinical and histopathological spectrum of brain tumors in Eastern India. Materials and Methods: The present study was a cross-sectional observational study involving 130 cases of brain tumors which were diagnosed during the 3-year study period (January 2010–December 2012). Data regarding clinical presentation and radiological features of all cases were collected from all patients. Histopathological diagnosis was correlated with clinical and radiological diagnosis. Results: We found 130 cases of brain tumor with a male preponderance. The cases were distributed in a wide age range from 4 years to 78 years with the mean age of 42.38 years. Most common tumor type in our study was neuroepithelial tumor (92 cases, 70.76%). Among the neuroepithelial tumors, most frequent subtype was astrocytic tumor (54 cases, 41.5%). The second most frequent brain tumor was meningioma (20 cases, 15.3%). We found higher incidence of oligodendroglial tumor (8.46%) and medulloblastoma (7.69%) in our series. Conclusion: Males are more predispose to brain tumors in comparison to females. Astrocytic tumors are most common subtype in Eastern India. However, the WHO Grade I neoplasms are more frequent brain tumors.
Clinical Profile Of Atrial Septal Defects In children at Sohag University hospital

Background: Cardiac defects are the most common type of birth defects . Atrial Septal Defect (ASD) is a common cardio-vascular malformation, it is caused by the spontaneous malformation of the interatrial septum resulting in one or more openings, commonly referred to as holes in the heart . Patients and methods : This study is a prospective hospital based study involving all children at the age from 0 to 18 years diagnosed by echo-cardiography as having isolated atrial septal defect and admitted to paediatric department , intermediate care and neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) ; also out patient clinic at Sohag university hospital during the period from January 2012 to January 2013 . Results : We studied [65] patients diagnosed by trans-thoracic echo-cardiography as isolated atrial septal defect (ASD) ,Their ages ranged from 5 days to 13 years with Mean ± SD ( 2.27 ± 2.8 years) . The main presenting Symptoms included ; reccurent chest infections , respiratory distress, feeding difficulties, exertional dyspnea,failure to thrive, manifestations of heart failure , and permanent cyanosis . Echo findings demonstrated that,the majority of cases had ASDII , followed by ASDI , then combined ASD , and less common type was sinus venosus ASD . Conclusion : The great majority of infants with ASDII are most often asymptomatic. Frequently,the condition is detected by a murmur on routine physical examination when they are school-aged children.
Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul Faculdade de Medicina Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Médicas: Psiquiatria

Introduction: Depressive symptoms are prevalent and responsible for severe economic and psychosocial damages. Despite representing a major cause of morbidity worldwide, we can found the sub-diagnostic as clinical services pattern in outpatient or primary care. This reality complicates the referrals early and appropriate treatment for this purpose. Objectives: Identify the presence of depressive symptoms in outpatients from a general hospital and their association with use of health resources. Describe the socio-demographic profile of these patients and evaluate the associations between depression scores and use of health resources over the 01 year (Article 1). Assess whether the performance o Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) Instruments, Depression Scale in General Hospital (EDHG) and Quality of Life instrument WHOQOL-Bref, vary with the application format (in person or by telephone) (Article 2). Methods: In a prospective and naturalistic cohort design (article 1) were invited 189 patients from Clinical Internal Medicine Department, Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre to participate in the study. We applied the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Scale Depression in General Hospital (EDHG) and the Uses of Health Resources Questionary at time 1 (baseline) and 14 months later (follow-up). We evaluated the prevalence of depressive symptoms in outpatients and their relationship with clinical use of health resources throughout the follow-up. The second article refers to a non-controlled experiment conducted at the Basic Health Unit (BHU) Santa Cecilia in Porto Alegre. For these participants (380) we have applied the same tools from study 1, coupled with the Whoqol-bref in format test-retest (7 days interval) in four groups of application (in person and by telephone). Thus, we evaluate if instruments that measure depressive symptoms and quality of life vary their performance when applied by telephone for this service. Results: We found a significant association between depressive symptoms and use of health resources, including mental health care, adherence to treatment, current treatment in mental health services and psychotropic use (Article 1). In the second article, the scales performance was invariant among different groups of
International Business Cycles in Emerging Markets

This paper documents cyclical behavior of real exchange rates (RERs) in emerging and developed economies: RERs are pro-cyclical in emerging markets and mildly counter-cyclical in developed economies. RER pro-cyclicality coincides with excess volatility of consumption and counter-cyclicality of the trade balance. The paper then re-evaluates the role of trend shocks and interest rate shocks in emerging economies, by incorporating these features into a standard international business cycle model where domestic and foreign goods are imperfect substitutes. In the model, estimated to match the behavior of the RERs, trend shocks play no role in TFP or GDP fluctuations in Mexico. Conversely, exogenous country risk shocks, without any frictions that would create supply-side effects, account for 78% of GDP fluctuations. The key is that domestic and foreign goods are imperfect substitutes, which dampens the impact of trend shocks and accentuates the impact of interest rate shocks on output and consumption.
Bayes Factors for Testing Order Constraints on Variances of Dependent Outcomes

Abstract In statistical practice, researchers commonly focus on patterns in the means of multiple dependent outcomes while treating variances as nuisance parameters. However, in fact, there are often substantive reasons to expect certain patterns in the variances of dependent outcomes as well. For example, in a repeated measures study, one may expect the variance of the outcome to increase over time if the difference between subjects becomes more pronounced over time because the subjects respond differently to a given treatment. Such expectations can be formulated as order constrained hypotheses on the variances of the dependent outcomes. Currently, however, no methods exist for testing such hypotheses in a direct manner. To fill this gap, we develop a Bayes factor for this challenging testing problem. Our Bayes factor is based on the multivariate normal distribution with an unstructured covariance matrix, which is often used to model dependent outcomes. Order constrained hypotheses can then be formulated on the variances on the diagonal of the covariance matrix. To compute Bayes factors between multiple order constrained hypotheses, a prior distribution needs to be specified under every hypothesis to be tested. Here, we use the encompassing prior approach in which priors under order constrained hypotheses are truncations of the prior under the unconstrained hypothesis. The resulting Bayes factor is fully automatic in the sense that no subjective priors need to be specified by the user.
Development of phosphorus sorption capacity-based environmental indices for tile-drained systems.

The persistent environmental relevance of phosphorus (P) and P sorption capacity (PSC) on P loss to surface waters has led to proposals for its inclusion in soil fertility and environmental management programs. As fertility and environmental management decisions are made on a routine basis, the use of laborious P sorption isotherms to quantify PSC is not feasible. Alternatively, pedotransfer functions (pedoTFs) estimate PSC from routinely assessed soil chemical properties. Our objective was to examine the possibility of developing a suitable pedoTF for estimating PSC and to evaluate subsequent PSC-based indices (P saturation ratio [PSR] and soil P storage capacity [SPSC]) using data from an in-field laboratory where tile drain effluent is monitored daily. Phosphorus sorption capacity was well predicted by a pedoTF derived from soil aluminum and organic matter (R² = .60). Segmented-line relationships between PSR and soluble P were observed in both desorption assays (R² = .69) and drainflows (R² = .66) with apparent PSR thresholds in close agreement at 0.21 and 0.24, respectively. Negative SPSC values exhibited linear relationships with increasing soluble P concentrations in both desorption assays and drainflows (R² = .52 and R2 = .53 respectively), whereas positive SPSC values were associated with low SP concentrations. Therefore, PSC-based indices determined using pedoTFs could estimate the potential for subsurface soluble P losses. Also, we determined that both index thresholds coincided with the critical soil-test P level for agronomic P sufficiency (22 mg kg-1 Mehlich-3 P) suggesting that the agronomic threshold could serve as an environmental P threshold.
Integrating socio-economic activities of the local community into chemistry lessons: a case of fermentation and incomplete combustion at Malambanyama Day Secondary School in Chibombo District in Central Province of Zambia

The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of integrating socio-economic activities of the local community into chemistry lessons, on attitude and performance of learners. Mixed method research design was used to collect both quantitative and qualitative data. Quantitative data was gathered by CATs and the attitude questionnaire while focus group interviews were used to collect qualitative data. The only grade 12 class at Malambanyama Day Secondary school comprising 43 learners was purposively selected since learners were information-rich. The learners were randomly selected into groups 1 and 2, and the two groups were assigned to the control and treatment groups. The data collected were analyzed by the independent samples t-test, and the Qualitative Data Analysis software. Results obtained indicated that participants’ attitude at pre-intervention was neutral and positive at post-intervention. Pre-test CAT indicated that the two groups were equal in conceptual understanding: (group 1 M = 39.71, SD = 14.94, group 2 M = 39.12, SD = 11.35), t (32) = . 129, P = . 449, α = . 05 at confidence level 95%. At posttest 1 CAT, results were statistically significant (group 1 M = 65.79, SD = 14.94 while group 2 M = 54.58, SD = 11.35), P = . 029, t (29) = 1.972, α = . 05 at confidence level 95%. At posttest 2 CAT, results were not statistically significant: (group 1 M = 50.91, SD = 16.52, group 2 M = 54.05, SD = 18.14), p = . 278, t (41) = -. 594, α = . 05 at confidence level 95%. Qualitative data analysis results also indicated that learners’ attitude towards chemistry improved when socio-economic activities of learners were incorporated in chemistry lessons. It was, therefore, concluded that integration of socio-economic activities of the local community into chemistry lessons improve both the attitude and academic performance of learner.
A qualitative multi-level examination of the factors influencing the career advancement of female managers in the Turkish banking sector : insights from three organisations

i ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS . ii LIST OF TABLES . ix LIST OF FIGURES . x Chapter 1 : INTRODUCTION . 1 1.1 Research Background. 1 1.2 Aims of the study . 4 1.3 Outline of the thesis . 5 1.4 Summary . 6 Chapter 2 : LITERATURE REVIEW . 7 2.
Increasing physical activity for osteoporosis prevention among female students of Isfahan: A theory-based interventional study

Background: Undoubtedly regular physical activity has a crucial role in the prevention of many diseases, especially osteoporosis and also increasing mental and physical efficiency. Considering the importance of physical activity education for school age children, this study was performed to determine effect of health education on knowledge, perceptions and practice of the second grade middle schools' girl students in Isfahan related to osteoporosis preventive physical activity. Methodology: This is a quasi-experimental interventional study was conducted in Isfahan (2010). The research population encompasses 130 students that were randomly divided to groups, experimental (n = 66) and control (n = 64). The instruments for data collection were standard health belief model (HBM)-based scale and physical activity questionnaire. The standard scale was completed 3 times (before, immediately and 2 months after education) and physical activity questionnaire was completed 2 times (before and 2 months after education) by students of both groups. After pre-test, 4 educational sessions were performed in an experimental group. Finally, data collected and analysed by SPSS 16 software. Participation of individuals in this research was voluntary and with informed consent. Results: Findings showed that demographic characteristics of studied population in two groups were similar before intervention (P > 0.05). Before intervention, there were no significant differences between the scores of HBM structures in two groups (P> 0.001). After the intervention, it was observed significant differences in the levels of knowledge, perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, perceived benefits, perceived barriers and behaviour between experimental and control groups (P < 0.001). Conclusion: According results, intervention has a positive impact on the pattern of physical activity and it can be concluded that intervention is effective in increasing/improving the knowledge, individual perceptions and practice of the students.
Geochemistry and Microtextures of Vein Calcites Pervading the Izu‐Bonin Forearc and Rear Arc Crust: New Insights From IODP Expeditions 352 and 351

International Ocean Discovery Program Expeditions 352 and 351 drilled into the Western Pacific Izu‐Bonin forearc and rear arc. The drill cores revealed that the forearc is composed of forearc basalts (FAB) and boninites and the rear arc consists of FAB‐like rocks. These rocks are pervaded by calcite veins. Blocky vein microtextures enclosing host rock fragments dominate in all locations and suggest hydrofracturing and advective fluid flow. Significant diffusion‐fed and crystallization pressure‐driven antitaxial veining is restricted to the rear arc. The lack of faults and presence of an Eocene sedimentary cover in the rear arc facilitated antitaxial veining. Rare earth element and isotopic (δ18O, δ13C, 87Sr/86Sr, and Δ47) tracers indicate varying parental fluid compositions ranging from pristine to variably modified seawater. The most pristine seawater signatures are recorded by FAB‐hosted low‐T (<30 °C) vein calcites. Their 87Sr/86Sr ratios intersect the 87Sr/86Sr seawater curve at ~35–33 and ~22 Ma. These intersections are interpreted as precipitation ages, which concur with Pacific slab rollback. Boninite‐hosted low‐T (<30 °C) vein calcites precipitated from seawater that was modified by fluid‐rock interactions. Mixing calculations yield a mixture of >95% seawater and <5% basaltic 87Sr/86Sr. In the rear arc, low‐T rock alteration lowered the circulating seawater in δ18O and 87Sr/86Sr. Thus, vein calcites precipitated from modified seawater with up to 20–30% basaltic 87Sr/86Sr at temperatures up to 74 ± 12 °C. These results show how the local geology and vein growth dynamics affect microtextures and geochemical compositions of vein precipitates.
Assessing mixed methods research quality in the European student mobility literature

Mixed methods research (MMR) integrates quantitative and qualitative research approaches to reach more valid, complete, or refined conclusions. MMR is emerging as a distinct research approach that can be particularly useful for understanding complex phenomena, like international student mobility. While other fields have established frameworks for conducting MMR, no such framework exists for European student mobility researchers. As a first step toward creating a MMR framework, this exploratory study systematically analyzed and assessed the quality of 24 MMR studies within European student mobility research using content analysis, where quality is operationalized as the alignment between the MMR rationales and study designs. Concerns arose for 10 of the 24 sampled articles, illustrating the need to establish frameworks and ensure a shared understanding of MMR. I provide three directions for future research that will inform the creation of MMR frameworks specific to European student mobility research.
Evaluating the role of social attention in the causal path to Autism Spectrum Disorder

This thesis evaluated the evidence for the hypothesis that early disruptions in social attention are involved in the causal pathway to Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). The sample included infants at high and low familial risk for neurodevelopmental disorders participating in a prospective longitudinal study, and their family members. Five studies were conducted to test whether social attention atypicalities precede the onset of behavioural symptoms and whether they are related to familial, genetic and epigenetic burden for ASD. Chapter 2 examined neural correlates of attention measured with multi-channel electroencephalography in 8-month-old infants attending to faces and non-social stimuli, in relation to outcomes at age 3. Chapter 3 used structural equation modelling to investigate whether disruptions in neural response have cascading effects on learning from the environment via looking behaviour. Next, to further understand whether disruptions in social attention lie between genetic risk and ASD phenotype, Chapter 4 examined the association between ability to detect eye-gaze direction in a familial sample, severity of ASD symptoms and polygenic risk for ASD. Chapter 5 explored these patterns earlier in development, looking at the relationship between social attention at 14 months of age and familial burden, polygenic risk and parentreport traits of ASD and ADHD. Finally, Chapter 6, leveraging DNA methylation data, explored whether epigenetic signals were associated with early neural and behavioural correlates of social attention as well as developmental change leading to atypical outcome. Taken together, this work examined in depth the multifaceted nature of social attention, pointing to neural and behavioural atypicalities at critical time points as promising targets for cognitive and affective interventions. Furthermore, it pioneers future work integrating genetics, epigenetics and early neurocognitive measures of social attention in large prospective longitudinal studies of individuals at increased vulnerability for neurodevelopmental disorders, to shed light on the developmental mechanisms underlying the emergence of ASD.