Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Modal Verb “Shall” in Contemporary American English: A Corpus-Based Study

This paper explored the modal verb shall in formal and informal writings in academic and fiction registers. It focused on the frequencies of shall across academic and fiction domains in contemporary American English and the differences in the usage of shall between academic and fiction registers of contemporary American English. The researchers used a corpus linguistic method. Data were collected from the Corpus of Contemporary American English (COCA) and analysed using Hanks’ (2004) Corpus Pattern Analysis technique. All occurrences of shall in academic and fiction writing styles of COCA were retrieved, and 400 concordance lines consisting of 200 texts from each domain were collected. The texts were analysed and described in accordance with their syntactic, stylistic, and semantic characteristics. Results showed that shall was rare in COCA’s academic and fiction registers as the overall frequencies were 59.77 and 68.34 words per million, respectively. From all the 400 tokens being analysed, the researchers found that shall in the observed data could be classified as rules and regulations, direction, prediction, volition, and etc. The uses of shall in both domains in COCA varied syntactically, semantically, and stylistically.
Mechanisms of Reduced Mid‐Holocene Precipitation in Arid Central Asia as Simulated by PMIP3/4 Models

We investigated the precipitation changes in mid‐latitude arid central Asia (ACA, including Central Asia and Xinjiang) and the related mechanisms in the mid‐Holocene using the output from the Paleoclimate Modeling Intercomparison Project phases 3 and 4 (PMIP3/4). The annual precipitation in ACA was decreased in the mid‐Holocene compared with the preindustrial period, consistent in direction with reconstruction records. Such change was mainly due to deficient winter and spring (December‐May) precipitation in the mid‐Holocene. The decrease in incoming solar radiation in the mid‐Holocene winter and spring caused stronger surface and tropospheric cooling in the northern low latitudes. It reduced the meridional temperature gradient in the troposphere, thereby weakening the westerly winds and related transport of water vapor. More importantly, the cooling weakened the local water cycle in ACA. Finally, the precipitation decreased over almost all of ACA. In the mid‐Holocene summer (June‐August), the meridional temperature gradient and related westerly winds were also reduced. It was mainly caused by stronger surface and tropospheric warming in the northern mid‐ to high latitudes. The stronger warming was due to increased summer incoming solar radiation in the mid‐Holocene. This process differed from that occurred in winter and spring. Therefore, the water vapor transport was weakened, and the summer precipitation was deficient in northern ACA. At the same time, strengthened descending motions contributed to the decrease in summer precipitation in most parts of Central Asia. On the contrary, intensified ascending motions increased summer precipitation in southeastern Xinjiang.
Impact of theoretical courses on physical health performance

Background: Physical activity, health fitness, and academic results are very important goals in student life. However, success lies in academic subjects in educational establishments. Our background reveals the contradictions between two philosophers who approved the importance of physical education (PE) as a component of the curriculum and others who reiterated that PE and sports would never be a component of the curriculum as is the case in Algerian universities. Methods: The research samples were selected by the intentional manner which included sixty students, aged around 18 years. Twenty girls who will pass the baccalaureate, twenty girls of the 1 st year department languages, and twenty girls of the 1 st year PE and sports for the academic year 2014-2015 were included in the study. They were tested based on the field tests developed by the Canadian Society for Exercise Physiology. Results: Our results confirm that the absence of PE lessons and sport case department languages leads to loss of fitness in the opposite of high-school and students of the Institute of Sports, where the effects return to the absence of the session of physical education and sport. Conclusion: Physical activities are very important in the life of our scholar girls, where the sport practice is a physical as well as a mental effort which is the key to a healthier life.
Semiparametric latent class analysis of recurrent event data

Recurrent event data frequently arise in chronic disease studies, providing rich information on disease progression. The concept of latent class offers a sensible perspective to characterize complex population heterogeneity in recurrent event trajectories that may not be adequately captured by a single regression model. However, the development of latent class methods for recurrent event data has been sparse, typically requiring strong parametric assumptions and involving algorithmic issues. In this work, we investigate latent class analysis of recurrent event data based on flexible semiparametric multiplicative modelling. We derive a robust estimation procedure through novelly adapting the conditional score technique and utilizing the special characteristics of multiplicative intensity modelling. The proposed estimation procedure can be stably and efficiently implemented based on existing computational routines. We provide solid theoretical underpinnings for the proposed method, and demonstrate its satisfactory finite sample performance via extensive simulation studies. An application to a dataset from research participants at Goizueta Alzheimer's Disease Research Center illustrates the practical utility of our proposals.
Antithrombotic Therapy Following Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement

Due to a large technical improvement in the past decade, transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) has expanded to lower-surgical-risk patients with symptomatic and severe aortic stenosis. While mortality rates related to TAVR are decreasing, the prognosis of patients is still impacted by ischemic and bleeding complications, and defining the optimal antithrombotic regimen remains a priority. Recent randomized control trials reported lower bleeding rates with an equivalent risk in ischemic outcomes with single antiplatelet therapy (SAPT) when compared to dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) in patients without an underlying indication for anticoagulation. In patients requiring lifelong oral anticoagulation (OAC), the association of OAC plus antiplatelet therapy leads to a higher risk of bleeding events with no advantages on mortality or ischemic outcomes. Considering these data, guidelines have recently been updated and now recommend SAPT and OAC alone for TAVR patients without and with a long-term indication for anticoagulation. Whether a direct oral anticoagulant or vitamin K antagonist provides better outcomes in patients in need of anticoagulation remains uncertain, as recent trials showed a similar impact on ischemic and bleeding outcomes with apixaban but higher gastrointestinal bleeding with edoxaban. This review aims to summarize the most recently published data in the field, as well as describe unresolved issues.
The coordinated production and transportation scheduling problem with a time-sensitive product: a branch-and-cut algorithm

In many supply chain scenarios in which short lifespan products are considered, production and transportation decisions must be made in a coordinated manner with no inventory stage. Hence, a solution to this problem conveys information about production starting times of each product lot at facility and delivery times of the lots to various customer-sites located in different geographic regions. In this paper, we study a variant of the problem that single product with limited shelf life is produced at single facility. Once produced, production lot is directly distributed to the customers with non-ignorable transportation time by single vehicle having limited capacity before the lifespan. Objective is to determine the minimum time required to produce and deliver all customer demands. To this end, we develop a branch-and-cut (B&C) algorithm using several valid inequalities adopted from the existing literature to improve lower bounds and applying a local search based on simulated annealing approach to improve upper bounds. On test problems available in the literature, we evaluate the performance of the B&C algorithm. Results show the promising performance of the B&C algorithm.
Relationships of Homophobic Bullying Victimization during Childhood with Borderline Personality Disorder Symptoms in Early Adulthood among Gay and Bisexual Men: Mediating Effect of Depressive Symptoms and Moderating Effect of Family Support

This study investigated (1) the associations of homophobic bullying victimization in childhood with borderline personality disorder (BPD) symptoms in early adulthood among gay and bisexual men; (2) the mediating effect of depressive symptoms on the association between homophobic bullying victimization and BPD symptoms, and (3) the moderating effects of perceived family support on the association between homophobic bullying victimization and BPD symptoms. A total of 500 gay or bisexual men aged between 20 and 25 years were recruited into this study. The experiences of physical, verbal and social relationship bullying victimization during childhood were evaluated using the Mandarin Chinese version of the School Bullying Experience Questionnaire. The experiences of cyberbullying victimization during childhood were evaluated using the Cyberbullying Experiences Questionnaire. BPD symptoms were assessed using the Borderline Symptom List. Depressive symptoms were examined using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale. Perceived family support was evaluated using the Family Adaptation, Partnership, Growth, Affection, and Resolve index. The results of mediation analyses demonstrated that all the types of homophobic bullying victimization in childhood were directly associated with BDP symptoms in young adulthood as well as indirectly associated with BPD symptoms through the mediation of depressive symptoms. The results of moderation analyses demonstrated that the association between homophobic bullying victimization and BPD symptoms decreased when the individuals had more family support. Intervention programs to reduce homophobic bullying victimization and enhance family support for gay and bisexual men and their families are necessary. Interventions to improve depressive and BPD symptoms among gay and bisexual men are also necessary, especially for those who experienced homophobic bullying victimization during childhood.
Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation: Clinical, Interventional, and Surgical Perspectives Part Pathophysiological and translational perspectives

Transcatheter aortic valves are typically implanted inside the native (or failed bioprosthetic’s) leaflets, permanently forcing the old leaflets open into a pseudo-cylindrical condition. Due to the passive nature of heart valves, the dynamics of the surrounding fluid environment is critical to their optimum performance. Following intervention, the haemodynamics of the region would ideally be returned to their healthy, physiological state, but major alterations are currently inevitable, such as increased peak flow velocity, the presence of stagnation regions, and increased haemolytic fluid environments. These leaflets reduce the volume of and restrict the flow into the Valsalva’s sinuses, and minimise the development of vortices and associated flow structures, which would aid washout and valve closure. Despite these differences to the healthy condition, implantation of these devices offers much improved flow from that of a moderately stenotic valve, with reduced transvalvular systolic pressure drop, peak blood velocity, and shear stress, which normally outweighs the disadvantages highlighted above, especially for high risk patients.
Relationship between Serum TSH Level and Adverse Pregnancy Outcome in Advanced Maternal Age

The purpose of this paper is to explore the relationship between serum thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels and adverse pregnancy outcomes in advanced maternal age. A total of 97 elderly parturient women who were treated in our hospital from June 2020 to March 2021 are included in this study. According to the TSH level, the parturient women are divided into three groups, including A (<0.25 μIU/ml), B (>4.00 μIU/ml), and C (0.25–4.00 μIU/ml) groups. The clinical data of all parturients are collected and sorted out. The serum levels of TSH, free triiodothyronine (FT3), and free thyroxine (FT4) are measured by chemiluminescence immunoassay. The levels of immunoglobulin (Ig) A, IgG, and IgM are determined by immunoturbidimetry. The incidence of adverse pregnancy outcomes is analyzed. The birth weight and Apgar score of newborns in the three groups are compared. The TSH level in group A is significantly lower than that in groups B and C, but the levels of FT3 and FT4 in group A are notably higher than those in groups B and C (P < 0.05). The levels of IgA, IgG, and IgM in group A are significantly higher than those in groups B and C (P < 0.05). The incidence of adverse pregnancy outcomes in group C is 2.38%, which is obviously lower than the 20.00% in group A and 17.14% in group B (P < 0.05). The birth weight and Apgar score of infants in group A and group B are significantly lower than those in group C (P < 0.05). TSH has a great influence on the pregnancy outcome in advanced maternal age, which should be paid more attention in clinic.
Explaining the Use of Traditional Law Enforcement Responses to Human Trafficking Concerns in Illicit Massage Businesses

Abstract Traditional police tactics such as rapid response and reactive enforcement continue to dominate the police response against human trafficking despite knowledge about the challenges and potential harm of using these tactics. Through the case of illicit massage businesses (IMBs), this study examines why police continue to rely on strategies that have received little empirical support. In-depth interviews with police, prosecutors, and other practitioners indicate that citizen concerns about human trafficking trigger police responses such as reactive investigations, sting operations, and shutdowns of IMBs. While law enforcement officials recognize the limited effectiveness and potential harm of the current response, adapting how police respond to IMBs is challenged by perceptual and institutional barriers. With these findings, the study contributes to the research and theory on traditional policing and informs targeted and victim-centered anti-trafficking efforts.
A detailed investigation of N95 respirator sterilization with dry heat, hydrogen peroxide, and ionizing radiation

In the present ongoing pandemic, the N95 respirator is an essential protective barrier to suppress the spread of the SARS-Cov-2 virus and protect the frontline worker from exposure. The N95 respirators are meant for single usage; however, they can be used after sterilization, considering the economy and shortfall in availability. At this juncture, the performance of the respirator after various types of sterilization and usage condition is required to be analyzed in detail. With this motto, this work has proceeded. The respirator’s filtration efficiency (FE), breathing resistance, and quality factor are evaluated for two face velocities (5.8 ± 0.2 and 26.4 ± 0.9 cm/s). Sterilization techniques used here are dry air oven heating at 70–80 ± 3°C for 30 and 60 min, gamma irradiation for cumulative dose 15 and 25 kGy, and soaking in liquid hydrogen peroxide for 30 min. The filtration performance and electrostatic surface charge density are used to determine the facemask’s efficacy after sterilization. The respirator’s physical, chemical, and morphological degradation were investigated using materials area density, microscopic analyses, FTIR, Raman spectroscopy, EPR, and TGA analyses. The highest reduction in filtration efficiency is 29.36 ± 0.49–36.08 ± 1.78% after irradiation due to a reduction in the charge density (71–133%) of the respirator layers. However, the FE does not reduce significantly (0.39 ± 0.52 to −2.46 ± 0.60) for dry air heat and H2O2 sterilization despite a change in charge density (0.4–53%), but there is no direct correlation with FE. Electrostatic charge measurement of the filtration layer is a crucial indicator of FE degradation. Hence, dry air heat and H2O2 soaking are found to be the most suitable sterilization methods. No significant degradation was observed on the physical, chemical, and morphological properties of respirators layers after sterilization.
Situation-Background-Assessment-Recommendation Technique Improves Nurse–Physician Communication and Patient Satisfaction in Cataract Surgeries

Background: Implementation of the Situation–Background–Assessment–Recommendation (SBAR) communication technique has been shown to increase nurse–physician communication and collaboration. However, data regarding its implementation in ophthalmology settings are limited. Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of implementing SBAR on nurse–physician communication and on the safety and satisfaction of patients undergoing cataract surgery. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in the Ophthalmology Department of Zhongshan Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China, from April 2016 to December 2018. SBAR was implemented through a 1-h course that was repeated every 2 months for 2 years. All nurses and physicians completed the Physician–Nurse Communication Satisfaction Questionnaire before SBAR implementation and 1- and 2-year post-implementation. In addition, all patients who underwent cataract surgery during the defined pre-implementation and 1- and 2-year post-implementation periods were invited to complete a patient satisfaction questionnaire. Results: In total, 10 nurses and 6 physicians completed all three pre- and post-implementation surveys. In addition, 1215 patients undergoing cataract surgery participated: 358 in the pre-implementation phase, 425 in the 1-year post-implementation, and 432 in the 2-year post-implementation. Physician–nurse communication significantly improved in both 1- and 2-year post-implementation periods compared with the pre-implementation phase (P < 0.01). In addition, there was a significant increase in patient satisfaction scores (P < 0.01) and a decrease in medical complaints and malpractices (P < 0.01) between the pre- and post-implementation phases. Conclusion: SBAR is a useful tool for enhancing nurse–physician communication and for improving the safety and satisfaction of patients undergoing cataract surgery.
Reproductive toxicity and biomaker response of male albino rats (Rattus norvegicus) exposed to cuprous oxide and petrol

The effect of cuprous oxide and petrol on albino rats was studied using selected parameters associated with rat haematology and semen. The haematological parameters evaluated were Pack cell volume (PCV), Haemoglobin (Hb), Red blood cell (RBC), Mean corpuscular Volume (McV), Mean Corpuscular Haemoglobin (McH) and Mean Corpuscular Haemoglobin Concentration(McHc), while the semen analysis carried out includes; Motility quantitative (M1), Debris quantitative (D1), sperm count (C), morphology primordial (Mp) and morphology structure (Ms). The results revealed the following; Group 1, 2, 3 and 4 had a mean value of 43.0, 31.0, 26.75 and 23.75 respectively for PCV with significant difference (P<0.05) in all the treated groups when compared to the control group. (Hb) had a mean value of 13.65, 9.475, 9.50 and 11.075 for group 1, 2, 3 and 4 respectively with a significant difference (P<0.05) recorded in group 2 and 3 when compared to the control. Group 1, 2, 3 and 4 had a mean value of 4.968, 2.965, 1.63 and 1.815 respectively for red blood cell (RBC) with significant difference (P<0.05) across the groups. A mean value of 8.713, 10.453, 3.45 and 13.655 for group 1, 2, 3 and 4 respectively was recorded for McV with a significant difference (P<0.05) in group all treated group compared to the control. Group 1, 2, 3 and 4 had a mean value of 2.765, 3.450, 5.93 and 5.565 respectively for McH. For McHc, group 1 had a mean value of 0.315 group 2 had 0.305, group 3 had 0.355 and group 4 had 0.483 with a significance difference (P<0.05) recorded for only group 4. In the semen analysis, M1 had mean values of 68.75, 38.75, 28.0 and 27.5 in group 1, 2, 3 and 4 respectively, D1 had 7.5, 11.25, 24.5 and 42.5 in group 1, 2, 3 and 4 respectively, C had 65.0, 52.5, 29.0 and 42.0 in group 1, 2, 3 and 4 respectively while Mp had 7.5, 11.25, 7.5 and 22.5 in group 1, 2, 3 and 4 respectively. The results indicate that cuprous oxide and petrol both have negative effect on the body and hence care should be taken in the storage and handling of petrol to avoid human exposure, also the concentration of cuprous oxide to be used in antifouling paints should be regulated to avoid harming to aquatic organisms.
Cytospin-A Regulates Colorectal Cancer Cell Division and Migration by Modulating Stability of Microtubules and Actin Filaments

Simple Summary In this study, we report the effects of depleting cytospin-A (CYTSA), also known as the sperm antigen with calponin homology and coiled-coil domain (SPECC1L) protein, on the proliferation and migration of colorectal cancer (CRC) cells. Mutations in this protein have been previously linked to different developmental disorders. In our studies, depletion of CYTSA in various CRC cells led to significant decreases in proliferation, increases in cell death, and increased formation of multinucleated cells. Knocking down CYTSA also led to severe inhibition of CRC cell migration and invasion. These effects could be related to a significant decrease in the stability of microtubules and alterations in polymerized actin filaments in CYTSA depleted CRC cells. Our studies, for the first time, provide evidence suggesting that targeting CYTSA may be a novel therapeutic strategy for patients with CRC. Abstract Proteins that interact with cytoskeletal elements play important roles in cell division and are potentially important targets for therapy in cancer. Cytospin-A (CYTSA), a protein known to interact with actin and microtubules, has been previously described to be important in various developmental disorders, including oblique facial clefting. We hypothesized that CYTSA plays an important role in colorectal cancer (CRC) cell division. The effects of CYTSA depletion on CRC cell proliferation were analyzed using cell growth assays, microscopic analyses of live and fixed cells, and time-lapse imaging. CYTSA depletion led to inhibition of cell proliferation, significant increases in CRC cell death, and accumulation of doublet cells during and following cell division. Depletion of CYTSA also resulted in strong inhibition of CRC cell migration and invasion. Mechanistically, CYTSA depletion resulted in significant decreases in the stability of microtubules and altered polymerization of actin filaments in CRC cells. Finally, bioinformatic analyses were performed to determine the correlation between CYTSA expression and survival of patients with CRC. Interestingly, a strong correlation between high CYTSA expression and poor survival was observed in the TCGA adenocarcinoma data set but not in an independent data set. Since inhibiting CYTSA significantly reduces CRC cell proliferation, migration, and invasion, targeting CYTSA may be a potential novel therapeutic option for patients with metastatic CRC.