Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Quasinilpotents in rings and their applications

An element a of an associative ring R is said to be quasinilpotent if 1 − ax is invertible for every x ∈ R with xa = ax . Nilpotents and elements in the Jacobson radical of a ring are well-known examples of quasinilpotents. In this paper, properties and examples of quasinilpotents in a ring are provided, and the set of quasinilpotents is applied to characterize rings with some certain properties.
Knowledge of Ventilator Care Bundles among Registered Nurses in the Intensive Care Unit at Sarawak General Hospital, Malaysia

INTRODUCTION: Ventilator Care Bundles (VCB) is a group of evidence-based highimpact interventions for mechanically ventilated patients. The study aims to identify the knowledge of VCB among Intensive Care Unit (ICU) nurses at the local hospital in Sarawak, Malaysia. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A quantitative cross-sectional survey was conducted among 30 nurses who worked in the ICU at Sarawak General Hospital, Malaysia. A modified questionnaire with 20 items was used to measure the level of knowledge. Data analysis was performed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences Statistics 26.0 for Windows with p< 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS: The results revealed that 86.7% (n=30) of respondents had a high-level knowledge of the VCB. There is a significant relationship between the level of knowledge of VCB and qualification as a Registered Nurse (p=0.03), ICU post-basic qualification (p=0.02), and level of nursing education (p<0.001). The level of knowledge was significantly related to the level of education (r=0.71; p<0.001), the number of years qualified as a registered nurse (r=0.38; p=0.03), and post-basic qualification (r=0.42; p=0.02). CONCLUSION: The good level of knowledge regarding VCB implementation among registered nurses indicates that they are well-equipped with the proper knowledge for caring for mechanically ventilated patients.
Lead Time Management Strategies and Performance of Pharmaceutical Manufacturing Firms in Kenya

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of lead-time strategies on performance in pharmaceutical manufacturing firms in Kenya. Methodology: The study employed a cross sectional survey approach and concentrated on 30 Kenyan registered pharmaceutical companies. Officials working in production, distribution, logistics, and warehouse functions in all pharmaceutical registered enterprises in Kenya would be the unit of observation. The study employed census and purposive sampling methods. The data was obtained through the use of a questionnaire. The pilot data was validated for completeness, consistency, and reliability. The collected data was sorted, coded, and then put into the Statistical Package For social sciences (SPSS version 28). Tables were used to present the study's findings. Results: The findings revealed that lead time management strategies namely customer integration, supplier rationalization, product standardization, and inventory optimization had a positive significant influence on performance of pharmaceutical manufacturing firms. The study concluded that Pharmaceutical Manufacturing firms in Kenya had implemented the aforementioned lead-time strategies with the aim of improving their firm performance. Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: Supply chain management theory is advanced by studying lead-time methods and pharmaceutical manufacturing performance. It adds to current understanding by providing Kenyan-specific theoretical and empirical insights. The research also advances operations management theory by studying how lead-time strategies affect pharmaceutical manufacturing organizations. It fills a literature gap by providing insights into Kenya's pharmaceutical sector's operations and results. Kenyan pharmaceutical manufacturers may consider the study's lead-time strategy. With the research's insights, managers can improve supply chain operations, lead times, and operational performance. The study's findings can inform government plans to enhance Kenya's pharmaceutical manufacturing industry. By examining lead-time plans and performance, policymakers can target actions to improve the sector's competitiveness, efficiency, and public health. The report underlines the importance of industry standards for pharmaceutical lead time management. The study's findings can help industry groups and regulators set lead-time standards and best practices, improving performance and competitiveness. Scholars, legislators, and businesspeople share knowledge through the project. By spreading research findings through conferences, workshops, and publications, it encourages stakeholders to work together to tackle pharmaceutical production lead-time strategy difficulties and possibilities.
Direct numerical simulation of bubbly flows : coupling with scalar transport and turbulence

This thesis is devoted to the study of homogeneous bubbly flows and their coupling with scalar transport and turbulence. It focuses on the effects of finite size, hydrodynamic interactions, and suspension microstructure, which are investigated using direct numerical simulations at the bubble scale. The dynamics of laminar buoyancy-driven bubbly suspensions is first revisited. More specifically, the effect of volume fraction on the bubble drift velocity is clarified by connecting numerical results to theory for dilute ordered systems, and similarities between perfectly ordered and free disordered suspensions are evidenced. These results are then used for the modeling of passive scalar transport in laminar suspensions as described by an effective diffusivity tensor, and crucial differences between ordered and disordered systems with respect to scalar transport are highlighted. Lastly, turbulence is included in the simulations, and its interaction with a finite-size bubble is characterized. The behavior of a bubble as large as Taylor microscale is shown to share a number of common features with that of a microbubble, most notably, the flow sampled by the bubble is biased. A definition of the liquid flow seen by the bubble, as it enters in usual models for the added mass and the lift forces, is finally proposed
Validity of procalcitonin as diagnostic biomarker for infective endocarditis

Background: Infective endocarditis (IE) is still a fatal infection with high morbidity and mortality. Successful patient outcomes depend on prompt diagnosis and effective therapy. Blood cultures are usually time consuming and sometimes echocardiography is falsely negative. Thus, a straightforward blood test may assist early diagnosis of IE. Multiple studies have revealed that procalcitonin (PCT) was highly associated with bacteremia - the main diagnostic criteria for endocarditis - in patients with fever. Objectives: We aimed to assess the diagnostic significance of procalcitonin concentration in suspected patients of IE. Patients and methods: Twenty-two patients admitted to Assiut University Heart Hospital with a suspicion of IE were enrolled in a prospective study. Based on clinical, microbiological, and echocardiographic findings, Modified duke criteria were applied to the cases to confirm their diagnosis as definite, possible, or rejected IE cases before testing for procalcitonin was done. The study also included fifteen healthy volunteers for comparison with IE patients. Results: Procalcitonin was significantly higher (P-value <0.05) in patients diagnosed as definite and possible IE than with healthy volunteers. The area under the ROC curve was 0.705. At cutoff value of 0.425 ng/ml, the procalcitonin test's sensitivity, specificity, negative predictive value, and positive predictive values were 47.6%, 93.3%, 56%, and 90.9%, respectively. Conclusion: This study implies that procalcitonin may be a valuable supplementary diagnostic marker in IE diagnosis. A threshold value of 0.425 ng/ml should be used for ruling out endocarditis in routine clinical practice and the diagnosis of IE can be strongly excluded below this value.
Groups whose bipartite divisor graph for character degrees has four or fewer vertices

Let [Formula: see text] be a finite group and [Formula: see text] be the set of nonlinear irreducible character degrees of [Formula: see text]. Suppose that [Formula: see text] is the set of primes dividing some elements of [Formula: see text]. The bipartite divisor graph for [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], is a graph whose vertices are the disjoint union of [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text], and a vertex [Formula: see text] is connected to a vertex [Formula: see text] if and only if [Formula: see text]. In this paper, we consider groups whose graph has four or fewer vertices. We show that all these groups are solvable and determine the structure of these groups. We also provide examples of any possible graph.
On-Ground Calibration and Optical Alignment for the Orion Optical Navigation Camera

The Orion Multi-Purpose Crew Vehicle on-board Navigation System will utilize the Optical Navigation measurements of the Moon and Earth during cis-lunar operations. Misalignment or an un-calibrated optical navigation camera may cause large measurement residuals in any on-board attitude determination and navigation system. Therefore, a novel estimation technique to calibrate the internal camera parameters, and a high accuracy optical alignment procedure to estimate the external camera alignment are introduced in this paper. The intrinsic camera parameters such as the focal length, the principle point offsets, and the camera lens distortion parameters will be estimated and evaluated using images of star fields. This calibration estimation technique can be used either on-ground or in flight. The proposed technique in this paper is using the discrepancy between imaged star vectors attained from the OpNav camera, and the matched star vectors from the star catalog to determine the changes in internal camera parameters. This gave rise to the two basic types of calibration the attitude dependent and attitude independent methods. The former utilizes the errors in imaged and cataloged vectors themselves, and the latter using the discrepancy in angles between pairs of vectors from the camera and catalog. The alignment procedure is carried out measurements taken off alignment cubes mounted on the Orion frame and also the measurements from the OpNav focal plane. It is assumed that the alignment cubes and OpNav camera are rigidly mounted to the frame so that flexing effects do not significantly alter the orientation of the cubes relative to the OpNav camera.
Description of the Outstanding Universal Value (OUV) of the Proposed Marine Nomination Properties of the Bonaire and Curaçao Marine Parks (BCMP)

The Los Roques and las Aves oceanic coral reef archipelagos of Venezuela lie in a biogeographically unique area of the Caribbean and possess extensive lagoonal seagrass beds mangroves and shallow macroalgae meadows rich with sea life. These areas form part of a biogeographic unity together with Bonaire and Curaçao as part of the Leeward Antilles ridge islands. Both archipelago’s are areas of low human impact. While the Aves islands remain uninhabited and are an area of restricted fishing activity, Los Roques, has been a managed park since 1972. While both archipelago’s represent similarly rich biodiversity values, Los Roques has been much better documented than Las Aves. Los Roques is the largest coral reef marine protected area of Venezuela. It is about 157 km from Venezuela's mainland coast and covers about 225,153 ha. It is a recognized Important Bird Area (IBA) of Venezuela on account of its large seabird breeding colonies. Notwithstanding year-round habitation by about 1500 people and receiving 75 thousand visitors a year it has among the lowest levels of human ecological impact in the Caribbean and represents intact and well-connected coastal ecosystems. Recent assessments show that it also possesses exemplary fish faunas (Elise et al. 2017), that may be considered as a benchmark for overfished coral reef fish faunas throughout the region. In 2012, Los Roques was designated as a shark sanctuary on account of its documented importance as a shark nursery area. Local park management enjoys broad community support from the various stakeholders who have a convergent and largely shared vision regarding a sustainable future for the park. Thanks to effective management Los Roques has also successfully maintained its importance to seabird colonies for the last 50 years since the earlies surveys. Even though the area has been found to be vulnerable to climate change and how this appears to affect regional oceanographic processes, the geographic location of these archipelago’s, the current management regime, and which largely safeguard them from most hurricane damage, and the current management regime, have been effective in protecting the unique biodiversity and coastal ecosystems of these intact coralline island systems.
The Lognormal Distribution.

Lloyds Bank has its main root in a substantial private bank founded in Birmingham nearly two centuries ago; one hundred years ago this Bank still had only the one office in Birmingham, with a related private banking house in Lombard Street. But by amalgamation it has absorbed scores of other eighteenth and nineteenth century banks, both private and joint-stock, and at least two of the former reach back into Restoration London, perhaps Cromwellian London. Although the records of these historic businesses have been gravely impaired, especially by bombing in 1940-41, the Bank still possesses rich material for the economic and social historian. This material has been at the disposal of Professor R. S. Sayers and, though the gaps in the records have prevented him from presenting a full and systematic history of the Bank, he presents in this book a picture of English banking development as illustrated in the records of Lloyds Bank.
A Distribution Free Interval Estimate for Coefficient Alpha

Scales are important tools for obtaining quantitative measures of theoretical constructs. Once a set of measures to be used in a scale is selected, reliability is commonly examined in order to assess their measurement quality. To date, Cronbach’s coefficient alpha is the most commonly reported index of measurement quality for assessing scale reliability. In this paper, an asymptotic distribution of the natural estimator of coefficient alpha is derived. A new interval estimate and a statistical test on the significance of the sample estimate of the coefficient are also presented. The proposed approach is compared to four popular methods commonly used to compute confidence intervals (CI) for alpha using a Monte Carlo simulation study. An R function for implementing the proposed CI approach is also provided.
Low-Rank Tensor Decomposition via Multiple Reshaping and Reordering Operations

Tensor decomposition has been widely applied to find low-rank representations for real-world data and more recently for neural-network parameters too. For the latter, the unfolded matrices may not always be low-rank because the modes of the parameter tensor do not usually have any physical meaning that can be exploited for efficiency. This raises the following question: how can we find low-rank structures when the tensor modes do not have any physical meaning associated with them? For this purpose, we propose a new decomposition method in this paper. Our method uses reshaping and reordering operations that are strictly more general than the unfolding operation. These operations enable us to discover new low-rank structures that are beyond the reach of existing tensor methods. We prove an important theoretical result establishing conditions under which our method results in a unique solution. The experimental results confirm the correctness of our theoretical works and the effectiveness of our methods for weight compression in deep neural networks.
The Plausibility of Sampling as an Algorithmic Theory of Sentence Processing

Abstract Words that are more surprising given context take longer to process. However, no incremental parsing algorithm has been shown to directly predict this phenomenon. In this work, we focus on a class of algorithms whose runtime does naturally scale in surprisal—those that involve repeatedly sampling from the prior. Our first contribution is to show that simple examples of such algorithms predict runtime to increase superlinearly with surprisal, and also predict variance in runtime to increase. These two predictions stand in contrast with literature on surprisal theory (Hale, 2001; Levy, 2008a) which assumes that the expected processing cost increases linearly with surprisal, and makes no prediction about variance. In the second part of this paper, we conduct an empirical study of the relationship between surprisal and reading time, using a collection of modern language models to estimate surprisal. We find that with better language models, reading time increases superlinearly in surprisal, and also that variance increases. These results are consistent with the predictions of sampling-based algorithms.
Model Selection for Multilevel Mixture Rasch Models

Mixture item response theory (MixIRT) models can sometimes be used to model the heterogeneity among the individuals from different subpopulations, but these models do not account for the multilevel structure that is common in educational and psychological data. Multilevel extensions of the MixIRT models have been proposed to address this shortcoming. Successful applications of multilevel MixIRT models depend in part on detection of the best fitting model. In this study, performance of information indices, Akaike information criterion (AIC), Bayesian information criterion (BIC), consistent Akaike information criterion (CAIC), and sample-size adjusted Bayesian information criterion (SABIC), were compared for use in model selection with a two-level mixture Rasch model in the context of a real data example and a simulation study. Level 1 consisted of students and Level 2 consisted of schools. The performances of the model selection criteria under different sample sizes were investigated in a simulation study. Total sample size (number of students) and Level 2 sample size (number of schools) were studied for calculation of information criterion indices to examine the performance of these fit indices. Simulation study results indicated that CAIC and BIC performed better than the other indices at detection of the true (i.e., generating) model. Furthermore, information indices based on total sample size yielded more accurate detections than indices at Level 2.
Local Perceptions of Climate Change Impacts in St. Kitts (Caribbean Sea) and Malé, Maldives (Indian Ocean)

Small Island Developing States (SIDS) are now experiencing the local consequences of a changing climate, environment, and society. Nonetheless, climate change research frequently remains at regional or national levels. Without locally grounded data, islanders’ perceived impacts of the changes might not be considered, thereby causing difficulties when policy and practice responses are implemented without accounting for local understandings. To contribute to addressing this gap, this study examines perceptions of climate change and associated environmental and social changes in two SIDS case studies: St. Kitts in the Caribbean Sea and Malé Atoll, Maldives in the Indian Ocean. Through these two case studies, we assess perceptions of changing social and natural environments through a closed-question, face-to-face survey. Our results suggest that in both island case studies, communities perceive environmental changes to be happening that demand negotiation with the social changes of daily life. Results also suggest that perceived climate change impacts are only part of the equation, as social and economic impacts reveal two case studies of changing island societies. While the geographic context in each case study differs, this study reveals the perceived impacts of climate change and social changes at a local level, providing valuable insights and angles for formulating policies and actions to deal with the myriad of social and environmental changes affecting SIDS.
Towards development of Spark-Less-Avalanche-Microstructures

Spark-Less-Amplification-Microstructures are a new type of gaseous detectors, which should allow overcoming the discharge limitations of the current MPGD technologies. Preliminary studies revealed that sparks usually appear in the narrow region of the amplification gap, where the electric field lines are parallel to each other. The SLAM detector is specifically designed to overcome these disadvantageous regions by ensuring radial electric fields in the anode region of the avalanche gap.
Global stability of a fractional order HIV infection model with cure of infected cells in eclipse stage

Modeling by fractional order differential equations has more advantages to describe the dynamics of phenomena with memory which exists in many biological systems. In this paper, we propose a fractional order model for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection by including a class of infected cells that are not yet producing virus, i.e., cells in the eclipse stage. We first prove the positivity and bound-edness of solutions in order to ensure the well-posedness of the proposed model. By constructing appropriate Lyapunov functionals, the global stability of the disease-free equilibrium and the chronic infection equilibrium is established. Numerical simulations are presented in order to validate our theoretical results.
Impact of Hydrodynamic Interaction Between Pontoons on Global Responses of a Long Floating Bridge Under Wind Waves

The hydrodynamic interaction between floating bridge pontoons and its impact on the bridge global responses are investigated in the current study. The global model for end-anchored floating bridge for Bjørnefjord crossing is modelled in ORCINA-OrcaFlex. Forty-six pontoons are used to support the bridge, with a centerline distance of 100m between two pontoons. Two models are setup for comparison: (1) The OrcaFlex model with hydrodynamic coefficients of pontoons without hydrodynamic interaction; (2) The OrcaFlex model with hydrodynamic interaction coefficients, which were calculated by ANSYS-AQWA. Firstly, a case study of hydrodynamic interaction effects on added mass, potential damping and diffraction force is given, showing that the piston and sloshing modes have strong correlation with the resonances. Then two sea states were run on the two models with and without hydrodynamic interaction effects. The first order wave effects are included in the analysis. The observed extremes of the time-domain bridge girder bending moments and motions were compared between two models. The comparison shows both reduction and increase of bridge responses depending on the wave directions. A sensitivity test of drag coefficients applied on the pontoon vertical motion is carried out as a rough examination of the neglected viscous damping on the hydrodynamic resonances. The viscous damping effects on the resonances should be further quantified.
Transient Hydrodynamics of Piano Key Weirs

: Piano Key Weirs generate complex flow patterns in their vicinity. These patterns are not only variant in space but also fluctuate over time. Time variant dynamics in the inlet key originate from the presence of separation bubbles which form at the entrance edge to the inlet key. This turbulent bubble periodically sheds vortices which cause regular pressure undulations. In the outlet key, a fluctuating zone of negative pressure can form under a drowned nappe under unaerated conditions. These two dynamic pressure fields create unique forces on the sidewall which separates the inlet and outlet keys. They are thus the subject of a research study utilizing both physical and numerical modelling to investigate their effect on the structural behaviour of this wall.