Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Computation of turbulent flows over backward and forward-facing steps using a near-wall Reynolds stress model

Separation and reattachment of turbulent shear layers is observed in many important engineering applications, yet it is poorly understood. This has motivated many studies on understanding and predicting the processes of separation and reattachment of turbulent shear layers. Both of the situations in which separation is induced by adverse pressure gradient, or by discontinuities of geometry, have attracted attention of turbulence model developers. Formulation of turbulence closure models to describe the essential features of separated turbulent flows accurately is still a formidable task. Computations of separated flows associated with sharp-edged bluff bodies are described. For the past two decades, the backward-facing step flow, the simplest separated flow, has been a popular test case for turbulence models. Detailed studies on the performance of many turbulence models, including two equation turbulence models and Reynolds stress models, for flows over steps can be found in the papers by Thangam & Speziale and Lasher & Taulbee). These studies indicate that almost all the existing turbulence models fail to accurately predict many important features of back step flow such as reattachment length, recovery rate of the redeveloping boundary layers downstream of the reattachment point, streamlines near the reattachment point, and the skin friction coefficient. The main objectives are to calculate flows over backward and forward-facing steps using the NRSM and to make use of the newest DNS data for detailed comparison. This will give insights for possible improvements of the turbulence model.
Interaction Analysis in Online Learning Communities: The Student Leader

I used Blackboard, WebCT, Moodle, Nicenet and RCampus in teaching reading, writing, vocabulary and grammar courses to freshman students as a supplement to in-class instruction that depended on the textbook. In each online course, there was a student leader. Student leaders had the highest posts and responses (between 50- 150 posts) and the highest student-student and student-instructor interaction. Student leaders were the first to register. They posted their own threads, short paragraphs, poems and/ or stories on the online discussion board. One posted a daily quote, another posted a weekly poem of hers, and a third posted a daily joke. They could locate information from internet sites. They responded to threads posted by me or by their classmates. They created a warm online climate by responding to their classmates, by sending encouraging messages and thank-you notes, and inviting students to respond to their own posts. Student leaders had a higher proficiency level in EFL, were well-read, had a good writing ability, and many were creative writers. They were more competent and more comfortable with technology than their classmates and above all they were highly motivated and eager to learn. This qualitative study explores a sample of student leaders’ role in their online courses, their technological and linguistic competence, their personality traits, the online course environment, their attitutes and online learning experiences, and the instructor’s role and characteristics. It also provides sample posts and responses and reports results of interviews with a sample of student leaders.
Institutional Knowledge at Singapore Management University Institutional Knowledge at Singapore Management University Innovation and Price Competition in a Two-Sided Market Innovation and Price Competition in a Two-Sided Market

We examine a platform owner’s optimal two-sided pricing strategy while considering seller-side innovation decisions and price competition. We model the innovation race among sellers in both ﬁnite and inﬁnite horizons. In the ﬁnite case, we analytically show that the platform’s optimal seller-side access fee fully extracts the sellers’ surplus, and that the optimal buyer-side access fee mitigates price competition among sellers. The platform’s optimal strategy may be to charge or subsidize buyers depending on the degree of variation in the buyers’ willingness-to-pay for quality; this optimal strategy induces full participation on both sides. Furthermore, a wider quality gap among sellers’ products lowers the optimal buyer-side fee but leads to a higher optimal seller-side fee. In the inﬁnite innovation race, we perform computations to ﬁnd the stationary Markov equilibrium of sellers’ innovation rate. Our results show that when all sellers innovate, there exists a parameterization under which a higher seller-side access fee stimulates innovation. Shaojin Li is an Assistant Professor She received her Ph.D. in Economics Her research focuses on understanding the impact of frictions, such as information friction and ﬁnancial friction, on ﬁrms’ investment activities and the aggregate economy. She is also interested in understanding the impact of diﬀerent market structures on ﬁrms’ pricing decisions, innovation, and economic growth. She has presented her works at major economic conferences, including the North American Summer Meeting of the Econo-metric Society.
What Are the Challenges Faced by Women in the Games Industry?

Despite the growing female interest in gaming, women still represent an alarmingly low percentage of game producers. Thus, a Systematic Literature Review has been carried out to understand what challenges women face within the games industry and what approaches have been made to promote more gender-aware companies. The studies encountered show that gender stereotypes are still highly present in video game companies, affecting the entry and permanence of women in the field. Nevertheless, approaches have been discussed that involve hiring more women, inducing them into leadership positions, and adopting gender-sensitive communication strategies. The results can help future researchers understand which approaches work and which do not.
T ECHNOLOGY D ESIRABILITY Research-in-Progress

Continuous-use of IT is a key post-adoption behavior and has been typically explored based on adoption theories, portraying individuals as rational actors whose decisions are driven by intentions. Yet, continuous-use may not always be shaped by conscious rationality as emotions have been suggested to directly influence post-adoption and to overcome the formation of conscious intentions. The present paper takes a non-rational view of continuous-use and examines how it can be shaped by emotional involvement and value commitment. Building on previous work in Psychology, Marketing and Economic psychology, the present paper introduces the concept of IT Desirability, and argues for its central role, along with IT Loyalty, in explaining and predicting continuous-use. IT Desirability reflects the passionate and affective relationship individuals experience with IT and is hypothesized to significantly influence their future IT-related decisions. The non-rational perspective suggested here complements existing rational models and provides a new lens for exploring individual mental processes capable of shaping continuous-use.
EFFICACY OF NSAIDS IN POST-ERCP PANCREATITIS

: Objective: To determine efficacy of diclofenac suppository in reducing post-ERCP pancreatitis (PEP) and identify risk factors for PEP. Methods: This is a placebo-based prospective study at Department of Medicine, DHQ Teaching Hospital, Sargodha performed from January 2018 to June 2019. Patients were randomized to receive diclofenac suppository or glycerin suppository before ERCP. Both groups were compared for PEP using chi square x 2 test while risk factors for PEP were determined using binary logistic regression. Results: Total of 165 patients with mean age 49.1(±15.2) and male to female ratio 1/1.6 (63/102) were included. Among 82 (49.7%) patients in diclofenac group, 8 (9.7%) developed pancreatitis while 19(22.9%) of 83(50.3%) in placebo group had PEP (p value 0.02). After multivariate analysis, age>45 years (p value 0.014, OR 3.2), Bilirubin >3 mg/dl (p value 0.004 OR 3.58), time to cannulation> 5 minutes (p value<0.000 OR 9.2), use of precut (p value< 0.000 OR 4.9), pancreatic duct cannulation (p value 0.000 OR 5.46) and total procedure time >30 minutes (p value 0.01 OR 3.92) were risk factors for PEP. Conclusion: Pre-procedure Diclofenac suppository reduces post-ERCP pancreatitis. Age > 45 years, serum bilirubin > 3 mg/dl, cannulation time > 5 minutes, use of precut, pancreatic duct cannulation and procedure time > 30 minutes are risk factors for post-ERCP pancreatitis.
CULTIVATION AND CONSTITUENT SCREENING OF MILK MUSHROOM (CALOCYBE INDICA) AND ITS CYTOTOXICITY POTENTIAL AGAINST MCF 7 CELL LINES

Calocybe indica , commonly known as milk mushroom, is a species of edible mushroom native to India. Mushrooms accumulate a variety of compounds, including carbohydrate, glycosides, phytosterols, phenol, tannins, flavanoids, terpenoids and saponins. Antioxidant compounds prevent oxidative damage related to aging and diseases, such as atherosclerosis, diabetes, cancer and cirrhosis. In this study, Calocybe indica was cultivated on three different substrates namely paddy straw, sugarcane bagasse and cocopeat: rice bran (1:1). Chemical constituents present in Calocybe indica were analysed and cytotoxicity were screened against cancer cell lines. The results showed that the cocopeat: rice bran (1:1) substrate resulted higher yield with high amount of Carbohydrate, Protein and Vitamin A than paddy straw and sugarcane bagasse as a substrate. Constituent analysis showed higher concentration of phenols, flavonoids, tannins, terpenoids, saponins and absence of glycosides and alkaloids. Different concentrations of Calocybe indica (1ng, 10ng, 100ng, 1  g, 10  g, 100  g) were evaluated against MCF 7 cell lines for cytotoxicity studies by MTT assay. In all cases crude extract of 100  g showed maximum cell apoptotic potential than the rest.
Molecular uropathology and cancer genetics for the urologist: key findings for classification and diagnosis

Purpose of review To highlight the latest changes in prostate cancer (PCa), urothelial carcinoma, upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) and renal cell carcinoma (RCC) diagnosis and the impact of genetics in this field. Recent findings Breast cancer1/2 mutations start to play a major role in PCa treatment with regard to personalized medicine. In urothelial carcinoma an overlap between histological pathological and molecular findings exists, fibroblast growth factor receptor alteration are starting to play a major role, programmed death-ligand 1 although problematic is still important in the treatment setting. UTUC is rare, but genetically different from urothelial carcinoma. In the development of RCC, different genetic pathways such as Von Hippel–Lindau, but also tuberous sclerosis 1/2 and others play a major role in tumor development. Summary Over the last years, genetics has become increasingly important role in the diagnosis and the treatment of patients with urological malignancies. The upcoming 5th edition (1) of the WHO still considers conventional surgical pathology as the diagnostic gold standard, but molecular pathology is gaining importance not only for diagnosis, but also in personalized treatment, of prostate, kidney cancer and urothelial carcinomas. Therefore, a close collaboration between surgical urology, pathology and oncology departments is mandatory. In this review, we will discuss the latest evolutions in PCa, urothelial carcinoma, upper urinary tract carcinomas and RCC s in the field of genetics in urology.
Upper gastrointestinal bleeding in coronavirus disease 2019 patients

Purpose of review Upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB) has significant morbidity and UGIB cases have been described in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients. Management of this condition can be challenging considering both the possible severe COVID-19-related pneumonia as well as the risk of the virus spreading from patients to health operators. The aim of this paper is to review the most recent studies available in the literature in order to evaluate the actual incidence of UGIB, its clinical and endoscopic manifestations and its optimal management. Recent findings UGIB has an incidence between 0.5% and 1.9% among COVID-19 patients, and it typically presents with melena or hematemesis. Peptic ulcers are the most common endoscopic findings. High Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI), dialysis, acute kidney injury and advanced oncological disease increase the risk for UGIB. Although anticoagulants are commonly used in COVID-19 patients they are not associated with an increased incidence of UGIB. Conservative management is a common approach that results in similar outcomes compared to upper GI endoscopic treatment. Apparently, UGIB in COVID-19 seems not have a detrimental effect and only one study showed an increased mortality in those who developed UGIB during hospitalization. Summary Incidence of UGIB in COVID-19 patients is similar to that of the general population. Despite the widespread use of anticoagulants in these patients, they are not associated with an increased risk of UGIB. Conservative management could be an effective option, especially for patients that are at risk of intubation.
JAC pp453-9 MW3240

The widespread use of broad-spectrum antibacterial agents and the increased susceptibility of some of the population, such as immunocompromised people has led to an increase in the incidence of serious yeast infections. The treatment of these infections with classical and newer antifungals has created an increased demand for in-vitro antifungal susceptibility testing. Considerable effort has been made to define the conditions necessary to achieve reproducible in-vitro susceptibility testing of antifungal agents. As a result of many collaborative studies, consensus within the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards (NCCLS) has been achieved and a reference broth macrodilution method for antifungal susceptibility testing of yeasts has been developed. Reports of comparative studies have documented excellent agreement between the NCCLS reference macrodilution method and microdilution testing, suggesting that the microdilution test is an adequate tool for antifungal susceptibility testing of yeasts when performed following the NCCLS for macrodilution susceptibility testing. Despite this progress, some problems still remain. Partial inhibition of fungal growth in vitro often takes place over a range of flucytosine or azole concentrations and the reference method may not detect clinically relevant amphotericin B resistance. Some of these findings could be related to the variation in MICs obtained under different test conditions, for instance, because of the differing pH values and buffer systems used. The aim of this study was to determine the in-vitro activity of five antifungal drugs against different yeasts using RPMI medium with three different buffer systems.
Supporting information for Unravelling the key role of surface feature behind facet-dependent photocatalysis of anatase TiO2

Unravelling the key role of surface feature behind facet-dependent photocatalysis of anatase TiO2 Yung-Kang Peng,*a,b Benedict Keeling,a Yiyang Li,a Jianwei Zheng,a Tianyi Chen,a Hung-Lung Chou,c Tim J. Puchtler,d Robert A. Taylord and Shik Chi Edman Tsang*a aThe Wolfson Catalysis Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3QR, UK bDepartment of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China cGraduate Institute of Applied Science and Technology, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 10617, Taiwan dClarendon Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3PU, UK
Extracellular Traps Promotes Formation of Neutrophil Leukotoxin GH Staphylococcus aureus

Staphylococcus aureus secretes numerous virulence factors that facilitate evasion of the host immune system. Among these molecules are pore-forming cytolytic toxins, including Panton–Valentine leukocidin (PVL), leukotoxin GH (LukGH; also known as LukAB), leukotoxin DE, and g -hemolysin. PVL and LukGH have potent cytolytic activity in vitro, and both toxins are proinﬂammatory in vivo. Although progress has been made toward elucidating the role of these toxins in S. aureus virulence, our understanding of the mechanisms that underlie the proinﬂammatory capacity of these toxins, as well as the associated host response toward them, is incomplete. To address this deﬁciency in knowledge, we assessed the ability of LukGH to prime human PMNs for enhanced bactericidal activity and further investigated the impact of the toxin on neutrophil function. We found that, unlike PVL, LukGH did not prime human neutrophils for increased production of reactive oxygen species nor did it enhance binding and/or uptake of S. aureus . Unexpectedly, LukGH promoted the release of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), which, in turn, ensnared but did not kill S. aureus . Furthermore, we found that electropermeabilization of human neutrophils, used as a separate means to create pores in the neutrophil plasma membrane, similarly induced formation of NETs, a ﬁnding consistent with the notion that NETs can form during nonspeciﬁc cytolysis. We propose that the ability of LukGH to promote formation of NETs contributes to the inﬂammatory response and host defense against S. aureus infection. The Journal of Immunology , 2013, 191: 000–000.
Interactions of Divalent Cations with the Carboxylate Moiety

The interactions between the divalent salts CaCl2, MnCl2 and NiCl2 with the carboxylic acid groups in an arachidic acid Langmuir monolayer are studied using vibrational sum frequency spectroscopy (VSFS). At low salt concentrations the charging of the monolayer is shown to behave in accordance with classical theories of the electrical double layer. However, deviations from classical theories are readily apparent at concentrations starting from 1 μM and shown to differ depending on the nature of the cation, indicating an ion specific effect. From the analysis of the carboxylate symmetric vibration at least two different types of ion pair interactions between the divalent cations and the carboxylic acid moiety are detected: a solvent-separated and two (or more) possible contact ion-pairs and/or complexes. By using different VSFS polarization schemes the molecular orientation of the vibration is elucidated and further insight into the state of the carboxylic acid is gained. The ordering of water molecules in the diffuse layer as a result of the surface potential of the charged monolayer is also probed and found, at low ionic strengths, to be in agreement with the behaviour predicted by the Gouy-Chapman model. At high concentrations the hydration within the Stern layer can be detected and found to differ with the nature of the electrolyte. Additionally, the importance of the purity grade of the salts used for correctly interpreting the results is shown theoretically and verified experimentally, where trivalent ions affect the surface at concentrations several orders of magnitude below those from mono and divalent ions. Finally, diffusion is shown to play a major role in the kinetics of deprotonation of the monolayer at submicromolar concentrations, while higher valency cations are also shown to deprotonate the surface at a quicker rate through electroflux.
A Computational Model of Seizure Termination and Postictal Generalized EEG Suppression

A Computational Model of Seizure Termination and Postictal Generalized EEG Suppression Yuhan Liu Master of Applied Science Department of Edward S. Rogers Sr. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Toronto 2019 Understanding seizure termination is clinically relevant as it is sometimes followed by the postictal generalized EEG suppression state (PGES), which is a period with suppressed activities and has been found to be associated with sudden unexpected death in epilepsy. This work aims to investigate the hypothesis that the balance of excitation and inhibition (E/I balance) in pathological brain network plays an important role in the dynamics of seizure and PGES. A network of 1000 Izhikevich model neurons was developed, and simulation results were compared with recordings from human epileptic patients. Reduced dominant frequency rise and decay rate before seizure termination and suppression in activity following termination were observed in iEEG recordings of seizures followed by PGES. Those characteristics were reproduced in the simulated local field potential by changing the E/I balance of the model network. Those results highlight the importance of E/I balance in the dynamics of seizure and PGES.
OAEM_A_298315 143..150

1Emergency and Critical Care Departments, King Fahd Hospital of the University, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia; 2Department of Emergency Medicine, King Fahd Specialist Hospital, Dammam, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Introduction: Septic shock still carries a high mortality rate despite all advances in emergency and critical care practices. Early interventions have been proven in many aspects to improve outcome. However, early administration of vasopressors namely norepinephrine in septic shock is still controversial. Objective: To identify the association between early norepinephrine administration and mortality in septic shock patients. Methods: A retrospective review of a prospectively collected ICU data for septic shock patients in medical and surgical intensive care units for one year period was carried out. Case definition was based on sepsis 3 definitions. Data included patients' characteristics of demographics, admission diagnosis, APACHE II score, physiological data (including vital signs and laboratory values). The primary outcome was 28 days of mortality. Results: A total of 243 patients identified during the study period, 132 (54.3%) were male. The mean age was found to be 58.9 ± 20.3. The overall rate of 28 days mortality was 87 (47.5%). Norepinephrine was started for 68.9% of the patients in ICU, the rest were started in the emergency department. The highest survival rates were among patients who received norepinephrine within first hour (58.1%) and second (51.5%). A binary logistic regression analysis has been performed to adjust for possible confounders. It was revealed that being intubated and mechanically ventilated or having higher APACHE II score were strongly associated with non-survival rates (OR=7.049, p-0.002), (OR=1.124, p-<0.001) respectively. Conclusion: Our results showed that septic shock patients who had early administration of norepinephrine had a higher survival rate. Intubation and invasive ventilation and higher APACHE II score associated with higher none survival rate.
Proton block of proton-activated current.

influence physiological and pathological behaviors of the host cells. The TRPV1 cation channel is a polymodal nociceptor that is activated by heat and ligands such as capsaicin and is highly sensitive to changes in extracellular pH. In the body core, where temperature is usually stable and capsaicin is normally absent, H + released in response to ischemia, tissue injury, or inflammation is the best-known endogenous TRPV1 agonist, activating the channel to mediate pain and vasodilation. Paradoxically, removal of H + elicits a transient increase in TRPV1 current that is much larger than the initial H + -activated current. We found that this prominent OFF response is caused by rapid recovery from H + inhibition of the excitatory current carried by H + -activated TRPV1 channels. H + inhibited current by interfering with ion permeation. The degree of inhibition is voltage and permeant ion dependent, and it can be affected but not eliminated by mutations to acidic residues within or near the ion selectivity filter. The opposing H + -mediated gating and permeation effects produce complex current responses under different cellular conditions that are expected to greatly affect the response of nocicep-tive neurons and other TRPV1-expressing cells.