Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The fight against COVID-19 in sub-Saharan Africa-a threat to the continuous management of HIV patients: application of the action areas of the Ottawa charter for health promotion

The Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) was detected in December 2019 in the Hubei Province of China. Also known as COVID-19, the outbreak was declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO) in March 2020. Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), which is the region hardest hit by HIV, is also highly affected by COVID-19. The fight against COVID-19 in SSA might threaten the continuous management of persons living with HIV (PLHIV). This commentary uses the five action areas of the Ottawa charter for health promotion to address the issue. If the issues raised in this commentary are not addressed quickly by SSA governments, every single link of the supply chain in the HIV response will be disrupted. This disruption might result in more stock-outs, shortages and a lack of access to ART in the months ahead. The SSA governments must ensure that HIV treatment adherence is not compromised owing to a shift of focus to the fight against COVID-19. They should ensure that everyone on HIV treatment gets an adequate supply of antiretroviral therapy (ART).
Phytotoxicity of Cypermethrin Pesticide on Seed Germination, Growth and Yield Parameters of Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata)

The experiment was carried out at Federal College of Forestry Jos, in Jos North Local Government Area of Plateau State to determine the phytotoxicity of cypermethrin pesticide on seed germination, growth and yield parameters of cowpea. Cypermethrin is popularly used by farmers as a means of treating seeds before planting to prevent insect, pest and birds attack. Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) involving 5 treatments T0 as control (No cypermethrin used), T1 with 0.25% cypermethrin (0.25ml of cypermethrin in 99.75ml of water), T2 with 0.50% cypermethrin (0.50ml of cypermethrin in 99.50ml of water), T3 with 0.75% cypermethrin (0.75ml of cypermethrin in 99.25ml of water) and T4 contained 1.00% cypermethrin (1.0ml of cypermethrin in 99.00ml water). Data was collected on radicle length, plumule length, number of leaves, number of branches, stem girth, number of seeds/pod, 100 seed weight, pod length and dry matter. Data collected was subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA) at 5% level of significance using SPSS 23 and where significance was declared, Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT) was used to separate the means. The result of the research indicates that significance difference occurs in the radicle length (P<0.05) in which T1 has the highest mean value. The stem girth shows a significance difference with T0 having the highest mean value (7.32) at P<0.05. The result for the number of branches and the number of leaves shows significance difference with T0 having the highest mean values 39.15 and 101.65 respectively at P<0.05 level of significance. The yield parameters shows a significance difference for number of seeds/pod, 100 seed weight, pod length, as well as the total dry matter. The highest mean values for the yield parameters are observed in T0 with mean values 18.52, 18.53, 16.35 and 68.35 for number of seeds/pod, 100 seed weight, pod length and total dry mass respectively. Alpha amylase enzyme activity was observed to be higher at lower concentration of the cypermethrin (T1) on day 2 (2.75) but the increase in the enzyme activity tilted towards the highest concentration (T4) on day 3 and day 4 with mean value 2.70 and 3.10 at 5% level of significance.
Assurance Levels, CPA Fees, and Financial Reporting Quality: Inferences from U.S. Private Firms

Are “full audits” cost-effective in improving financial reporting quality compared to “reviews,” which are based primarily on analytical procedures and inquiries? The answer is important because independent verification cost-effectiveness is being challenged globally and recent advances in confirmatory data analytics may change the economics of reviews and audits. We obtain financial statement data for U.S. private firms having financial statements compiled, reviewed, or audited. We examine four accounting-based financial reporting quality proxies and, to reflect broader economics, we examine cost of debt. We find financial reporting quality for both reviews and audits is significantly better than for compilations, but is statistically indistinguishable between reviews and audits, on average. Cost of debt significantly decreases with each additional level of CPA firm verification service, although reviews capture most of the cost of debt benefit increment between audits and compilations. We estimate incremental CPA service fees and find that, when compared to compilations, reviews are associated with less than half the fee increment for an audit. Overall, our tests are consistent with enhanced reporting quality from both reviews and audits, and diminishing marginal returns to “full” audit procedures beyond a review for both financial reporting quality and cost of debt.
Comprehensive Classification of the RNase H-like domain-containing Proteins in Plants

Background R-loop is a nucleic acid structure containing an RNA-DNA hybrid and a displaced single-stranded DNA. Recently, accumulated evidence showed that R-loops widely present in various organisms’ genomes and are involved in many physiological processes, including DNA replication, RNA transcription, and DNA repair. RNase H-like superfamily (RNHLS) domain-containing proteins, such as RNase H enzymes, are essential in restricting R-loop levels. However, little is known about the function and relationship of other RNHLS proteins on R-loop regulation, especially in plants. Results In this study, we characterized 6193 RNHLS proteins from 13 representative plant species and clustered these proteins into 27 clusters, among which reverse transcriptases and exonucleases are the two largest groups. Moreover, we found 691 RNHLS proteins in Arabidopsis with a conserved catalytic alpha-helix and beta-sheet motif. Interestingly, each of the Arabidopsis RNHLS proteins is composed of not only an RNHLS domain but also another different protein domain. Additionally, the RNHLS genes are highly expressed in different meristems and metabolic tissues, which indicate that the RNHLS proteins might play important roles in the development and maintenance of these tissues. Conclusions In summary, we systematically analyzed RNHL proteins in plants and found that there are mainly 27 subclusters of them. Most of these proteins might be implicated in DNA replication, RNA transcription, and nucleic acid degradation. We classified and characterized the RNHLS proteins in plants, which may afford new insights into the investigation of novel regulatory mechanisms and functions of R-loops.
STEAM Learning in Early Childhood Education: A Literature Review

This literature review covers articles and books about STEAM (Science, Technology, Engineering, Arts, and Mathematics) in early childhood education. STEAM learning is considered to be an appropriate approach to answering the challenges of the 21 st century as it integrates the hard and soft skills needed by children. It is exciting to note that in most articles, STEAM is a popular pedagogical method to improve creativity, problem-solving skills, scientific inquiry and critical thinking, and to provide other cognitive benefits. It is taught in integrated learning in early childhood education and is conducted through children’s daily observation. The literature also discusses that the impact of STEAM learning makes children more active and able to take initiatives in their own knowledge. Teachers who are influenced by the integrated professional development of STEAM positively influence children through their professional learning. Another finding from this review is that experience of STEAM can increase children’s self-confidence. In addition, STEAM learning is considered to be able to integrate the skills needed by children. STEAM encourages children to build knowledge about the world around them by observing, investigating and asking questions. This review aims to consider advanced learning in early childhood education through STEAM.
Hybrid Machine Learning Approaches for Landslide Susceptibility Modeling

This paper presents novel hybrid machine learning models, namely Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy Inference System optimized by Particle Swarm Optimization (PSOANFIS), Artificial Neural Networks optimized by Particle Swarm Optimization (PSOANN), and Best First Decision Trees based Rotation Forest (RFBFDT), for landslide spatial prediction. Landslide modeling of the study area of Van Chan district, Yen Bai province (Vietnam) was carried out with the help of a spatial database of the area, considering past landslides and 12 landslide conditioning factors. The proposed models were validated using different methods such as Area under the Receiver Operating Characteristics (ROC) curve (AUC), Mean Square Error (MSE), Root Mean Square Error (RMSE). Results indicate that the RFBFDT (AUC = 0.826, MSE = 0.189, and RMSE = 0.434) is the best method in comparison to other hybrid models, namely PSOANFIS (AUC = 0.76, MSE = 0.225, and RMSE = 0.474) and PSOANN (AUC = 0.72, MSE = 0.312, and RMSE = 0.558). Thus, it is reasonably concluded that the RFBFDT is a promising hybrid machine learning approach for landslide susceptibility modeling.
MESSENGER Observations of Mercury’s Exosphere

Sodium, calcium, and magnesium have been observed in Mercury’s exosphere during three flybys by the MESSENGER spacecraft. Each species shows a distinct spatial distribution, pointing to differences in the source and transport processes responsible for ejecting each exospheric component from the surface. We will present the observations of Mercury’s neutral exosphere and highlight temporal variations and differences between the three observed species. We will also discuss the modeling effort that has been undertaken to understand the neutral sources.
The effects of Rosmarinus officinalis essential oil on the quality changes and fatty acids of Ctenopharyngodon idella

The effects of the use of essential oil of Rosmarinus officinalis on the chemical quality and fatty acids of fish fillets of Ctenopharyngodon idella were investigated during frozen storage at -18 oC for 6 months. Fish fillets were divided into three groups the control (C) without rosemary essential, the second group with 0.2 % rosemary essential oil (A) and the third with 0.4 % rosemary essential oil (B). According to compositional analysis of the rosemary essential oil by GC-MS, the α-pinene (31.91%) and 1, 8- cineol (14.66%) were the predominant components. Results showed that there were no significant differences of protein in group C and A, but were between A and B (P 0.05). Effect of rosemary essential oil showed that the least change fatty acids were on polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) and saturated fatty acids (SFA), respectively. Microbial results showed TVC content of fillets fish did not exceed the limit during storage period for A and B Groups (< 7 log CFU/g). Rosemary essential oil with 0.2% and 0.4 % was effective in controlling the chemical compositions and fatty acids, but sensory attributes reveals a decreasing trend in the attributes like color, odour, taste, firmness and general acceptance for two groups (P< 0.05), but group A indicated better scores than Group B at the end of the storage period.
Does Contract Employment Affect the Behaviour of Employees?

This study sought to examine the effect of contract employment on the behaviour of employees at the Ghana Shippers Authority, in term of their commitment, work initiative and job satisfaction. The study was cross-sectional in nature, utilizing the quantitative approach. The study adopted the descriptive design. Using a simple random sampling technique, this research sampled 142 employees to participate in the research. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data from the respondents, which was analysed with the use of Pearson Product Moment Correlation, a Simple Linear Regression and an Independent T-Test. The reliability of the instrument was tested with the use of Cronbach’s Alpha reliability co-efficient. The study found that contract employment had a moderate relationship with all the variables under study and a weak effect on the variables. Again, the study did not find any significant differences between the behaviour of contract employees and permanent employees. This findings call for further studies to identify the reasons for differing findings in empirical literature, with regards to this subject.
Resequencing and association mapping of the generalist pathogen Botrytis cinerea

We performed whole genome resequencing of 84 field isolates of Botrytis cinerea, largely collected from a local set of plant species. Combined with 13 previously resequenced isolates sampled from diverse locations, this gave a collection of 97 isolates for studies of natural variation. Alignment to the reference sequence T4 and SNP detection provided further data for population genetics analysis including a mapping population for association studies. Although much of the genomic diversity was captured in the original 13 isolates, the additional genomes increased total diversity in the population by a third. Surprisingly, the same additional genomes increase mitochondrial diversity 2-fold. Across the population, LD was limited and decayed rapidly, reflecting frequent outcrossings. Effectively, this sampling strategy increased the level of genetic diversity available, whilst limiting the problem of population stratification and enabling GWAS of several phenotypes on common Arabidopsis plants affected in disease pathways. Overlap of results using all GWAS methods revealed numerous candidate genes / pathways that potentially contribute to its broad host range and offer conceivable pathogen decrease targets.
Multiclass Emotion Classification Using Pupil Size in VR: Tuning Support Vector Machines to Improve Performance

Emotion recognition and classification has become a popular topic of research among the area of computer science. In this paper, we present on the emotion classification approach using eye-tracking data solely with machine learning in Virtual Reality (VR). The emotions were classified into four distinct classes according to the Circumplex Model of Affects. The emotional stimuli used for this experiment is 360° videos presented in VR with four sessions stimulation according to the respective quadrant of emotions. Eye-tracking data is recorded using an eye-tracker and pupil diameter was chosen as a single modality feature for this investigation. The classifier used in this experiment was Support Vector Machine (SVM). The best accuracy is obtained from tuning the parameter in SVM and the best accuracy achieved was 57.65%.
THE ANTIBIOTICS RESISTANCE AND THE PRESCRIPTIONS’ PATTERN FOR URINARY TRACT INFECTIONS AT KING FAHAD SPECIALIST HOSPITAL

Objectives: Urinary tract infection (UTI) is one of the diseases with a highest prevalence in the world. This study evaluated the antibiotics resistant and the prescription pattern for UTI with the aim to participate as an effective monitoring study that enhances rational antibiotics’ prescription. Methods: We conducted a retrospective cross-sectional study at King Fahad Specialist Hospital from May 2018 to January 2019. We included a total of 306 patients with UTI. 204 patients diagnosed clinically and empirically treated (Group A), 102 patients underwent urine for culture and sensitivity tests (Group B). Results: UTI showed higher occurrence in female in both Groups A (61%) and B (65%). The mean age was higher in Group B (55.8 years) than Group A (39.44 years). The most commonly prescribed antibiotics for UTI were Trimethoprim + Sulfamethoxazole (TMP+SMX) (56%) and ciprofloxacin (15%). Escherichia coli was the most commonly isolated organism (36.3%) followed by Klebsiella pneumonia (30%). Although 41.17% of organisms were sensitive to TMP+SMX, 38.2% were resistant to it. The organisms were sensitive to amikacin in 80.4% and to gentamicin in 61.8% whereas, 61.8% were resistant to ampicillin. Luckily, no resistance was reported neither for nitrofurantoin nor for vancomycin. Conclusion: The study showed significant resistance to the commonly prescribed TMP+SMX and ciprofloxacin compared to absolute sensitivity to the less prescribed nitrofurantoin. This necessitates special consideration for local susceptibility in empirical therapy.
Mutagenic effect of ethyl methane sulfonate (EMS) on barnyard millet (Echinochloa frumentaceae) variety CO(KV)2

Barnyard millet variety CO (KV) 2 was treated with 2 different doses of EMS (Ethyl Methane Sulfonate) (ie. 0.2%, 0.4%, 0.6%, 0.8% and 1.0%). Six days after treatment germination percentage was calculated and LD50 value were fixed as 0.51%EMS. M1 population was raised with two treatments 04% and 0.5%. Seedlings with normal growth and development were observed in 0.4% EMS dose and very poor establishment, stunted growth and 80% spikelet sterility was observed in 0.5% EMS treatment. In M2 generation macro-mutants such as plant type, earliness, study stem, bigger panicle size and higher plant yield (28g/plant) were obtained.
Chrysomya chloropyga larvae meal as a protein source for broiler nutrition

ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This study investigated the possibility of using Chrysomya chloropyga (copper bottom blow fly) larvae meal as a protein source in broiler nutrition. At first the chemical composition of the larvae meal was determined before three balanced diets were formulated containing 5%, 10% and 15% larvae meal, along with a maize-soya based control diet. The four diets were fed to 320 day-old Cobb 500 broiler chickens. A three phase feeding system were used i.e. starter (900g per bird), grower (1200g per bird) and finisher (1200g per bird). Each treatment was replicated eight times. The effect of the copper bottom blow fly larvae on the production parameters of broilers were determined. Treatment had no effect on average intake per bird, feed conversion ratio (FCR), European production efficiency factor (EPEF) or livability. Broilers that were fed the 10% inclusion had a slightly higher live weight at slaughter and average daily gain (ADG) than the other three treatments. The chemical, physical, carcass and sensory characteristics were then evaluated. Treatment had no effect on cold carcass weight, dressing percentage, thigh-, drumstick- wing and back yields. The 10% inclusion had a higher breast portion yield than the other treatments. No differences were observed regarding the yields of skin plus fat, muscle or bone percentages. Treatment did not affect meat colour. No differences were observed regarding the initial pH (pHi) of the breast and thigh meat, or the ultimate pH (pHu) of the breast. The pHu of the thigh of the 5% and 15% inclusion were lower than that of the Control and 10% inclusion. The control meat had a higher moisture content and a lower ash content than the three treatment diets. Protein and fat did not differ. No differences regarding the amino acid composition and the mineral composition in the broiler meat were observed. Few differences were observed for sensory attributes of the broiler meat. The 5% inclusion had the highest chicken aroma, the control had the lowest chicken aroma and the 10% and 15% were intermediate. The control had the highest initial juiciness, while the 10% and 15% had significant lower values for initial juiciness. Lastly the organ, gut and tibia bone parameters were evaluated. Treatment had no effect on gizzard erosion and all gizzard scores were normal. Treatment had no effect on gizzard, liver, heart, bursa or spleen weights or the weight of these organs relative to live weight. Treatment had no effect on tibia bone breaking force and tibia bone breaking strength. Treatment had little effect on tibia bone mineral composition, with only a difference in the potassium (K) content; the control had a lower K content than the three larvae fed diets. Overall the study concluded that copper bottom blow fly larvae meal can be used in broiler diets at inclusions levels of up to 15% without any negative effect while 10% inclusion yielded positive results in some instances. %%%%AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die doel van die studie was om die…
The use of Information Technology as a Mediator on the Effect of Transformational Leadership and Creativity towards Student Achievement

Transformational leadership, creativity, and information technology are expected to improve students’ academic achievement in educational institutions. The purpose of this study, is to determine the direct effect of transformational leadership, creativity, and the use of information technology as a mediator towards student achievement. This is an explanatory research with data collected from 205 students of NU Senior High School 1 Gresik consisting of a total of 419 students. Data were obtained by distributing questionnaires to respondents from 6 types of extracurricular activities. The result was tested using the validity and reliability test, and processed with Smart PLS software version 3.0. The results showed that Transformational leadership, creativity, and information technology has a direct and significant effect on student achievement.
Seroprevalence and some Demographic Factors Associated with Toxoplasma gondii Infection among Male Population in Duhok Province/Iraq

هدفت الدراسة الحالية إلى دراسة معدل الانتشار المصلي لعدوى المقوسات الكوندية وعلاقته ببعض العوامل الديموغرافية بين الذكور في محافظة دهوك/ العراق. تم جمع ما مجموعه 424 عينة دم عشوائية من السكان الذكور من مختلف الأعمار (18-60) سنة وفئات اقتصادية اجتماعية مختلفة. من بين 424 عينة تم فحصها ، كانت 108 (25.47 ٪) إيجابية المصل منها 88 (20.75 ٪) تم العثور عليهاإيجابية مصليا ل IgG، في حين أن 20 (4.72 ٪) عينة كانت إيجابية مصليا لل IgM. فيما يتعلق بمهنة الذكور الماخوذة منهم العينات، أعلى نسبة لداء المقوسات المزمن اثبتت مصليا عند العمال، يليهم رجال الشرطة والمتقاعدون بمعدلات 23.96 ٪ و 23.6 ٪ و 23.07 ٪ على التوالي. أظهرت الفئة العمرية 18-30 سنة أعلى معدل مصل الدم الذي كان 26.6 ٪. مما يعني انخفاض معدل الإيجابية المصلية مع زيادة العمر. فيما يتعلق بفصائل الدم، كانت أعلى نسبة مصليا للIgG في كل من فصيلة الدم O + و B-، والتي كانت 23.2 ٪ و 23.1 ٪ على التوالي. وقد لوحظ ارتفاع معدل إيجابية المصل لدى الذكور المتزوجين (21.32 ٪) بالمقارنة مع الذكور غير المتزوجين (19.05 ٪) والخصبة 22.3 ٪ مقابل الذكور العقيمة 12.5 ٪. تظهر هذه الدراسة أهمية العوامل الديموغرافية لوبائية المقوسات الكوندية لدى الذكور، والتي تدعم دور الصحة العامة في السيطرة على الأمراض المعدية.
Effect of Bt cotton expressing Cry1Ac and Cry2Ab2 protein on soil nematode community assemblages in Mwea, Kenya

1 Embu University College, University of Nairobi, P.O Box 6-60100, Embu, Kenya. 2 National Agricultural Research Laboratories, Kenya Agricultural Research Institute, P.O Box 14733-00800, Nairobi, Kenya. 3 School of Biological Sciences, University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 30197-00100, Nairobi, Kenya. 4 Horticultural Research Centre, Kenya Agricultural Research Institute, P.O. Box 220, Thika. Corresponding author email address: hwkaruri@gmail.com
Do Data Breaches Damage Reputation? Evidence from 43 Companies Between 2002 and 2018

While data breaches have become more common, there is little evidence that companies that incur them experience a persistent decline in financial performance or security prices. Using new firm-level data between 2002 and 2018, this paper finds that firms experience a 26–29% increase in reputational intangible capital following an average data breach. However, the largest and most salient breaches are associated with a 5–9% decline in reputational intangible capital following a data breach. These effects are concentrated among firms in consumer-facing industries: smaller (larger) data breaches are associated with more positive (negative) effects. These results suggest that current regulatory guidance may not provide complete incentives for firms to invest in cybersecurity capabilities, particularly for small- to medium-sized breaches.