Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
DETECTION OF CLASS 1 AND 2 INTEGRONS AMONG ENTEROPATHOGENIC ESCHERICHIA COLI ISOLATES

Patients and Methods: In total, 42 enteropathogenic E. coli strains were isolated from children with diarrhea and examined for the presence of class 1 and 2 integrons. The combined disk method was also performed to detect ESBL production. Statistical analysis was used for the comparison of the categorical data. Results: Class 1 integron was identified in 24 (57.1%) isolates, while only 2 (4.8%) isolates harbored class 2 integron. Integrons were significantly associated with resistance to certain antibiotics, including; co-trimoxazole (P = 0.016) and tetracycline (P = 0.006). Of the 42 enteropathogenic E. coli isolates, 9 (21.4%) isolates were ESBL producers. However, no significant association was observed between the existence of integrons and ESBL production (P = 0.26). Conclusions: Class 1 integrons are prevalent among enteropathogenic E. coli isolates, regardless of whether or not they produce ESBLs. This study emphasizes the alarming role of integrons in antibiotic resistance within diarrheagenic E. coli strains.
Establishment of a Rapid Plant Regeneration System in Physalis angulata L. through Axillary Meristems

An optimal plant propagation method of Physalis angulata L. , a medicinally important herbaceous plant species has been developed using axillary meristem explants. Shoot bud proliferation was initiated from axillary meristem explants cultured on MS medium supplemented with various concentrations of 0.5-2.5mg/L/(BAP)/(Zeatin)/(KIN). The maximum in vitro response of shooting frequency of explants (88.1%) and shoots per explant (42) was achieved with medium containing 1.0mg/L BAP. Multiple shoot culture was established by repeated subculturing of the shoot buds of axillary meristems on shoot multiplication medium. Among the subculture media BAP in combination with 1.5mg/L (IAA)+0.25mg/L(GA 3 ) produced maximum shoots per explant (128±0.29) after two weeks of culture. Effective in vitro shoot elongation and rooting was achieved on 1.0mg/L(GA 3 ) and 1.0mg/L(IBA), respectively. Most of the generated shoots were successfully transferred to soil under field conditions. The survival percentage of the transferred plants on soil was found to be 90 per cent. This protocol can be used for commercial propagation and for future genetic improvement studies.
Studies on in-vitro antioxidant activities of Carica papaya aqueous leaf extract.

The free radical scavenging activity of the aqueous leaf extraction of Carica papaya was studied by using different anti oxidant models of screening.e. g lipid peroxide(rat brain and liver),1,1-diphenyle hydrazyl (DPPH) ,2,2azinobis –(3-ethyle benzothiazoline -6-sulphonate) (ABTS) ,nitric oxide ,super oxide and hydroxyl radical model. The extract showed good dose dependent free radical scavenging activity in all the in vitro models. IC50 values were found to be 198,141,185,244, 323, 461 and 922 µg/ml respectively in DPPH, ABTS, nitric oxide, superoxide, hydroxyl ion, lipid peroxidation (liver and brain) inhibition assays. However the extract showed only moderate scavenging activity of hydroxyl radical and anti lipid peroxidation potential, which was performed using rat liver and brain homogenate. The results were observed in a concentration dependent manner. All the above in vitro studies clearly indicate that aqueous extract of Carica papaya has a significant antioxidant activity.
Analyzing the Influence of Qualitative Resistance Selection Pressure on Variation of Aggressiveness in Plasmopara Halstedii

Variation of aggressiveness in populations of race 710 of Plasmopara halstedii ((Farl.) Berl. et Toni) (sunflower downy mildew) was measured under different strategies of qualitative resistance selection pressure: mixture, alternation and monoculture of major resistance genes in comparison with a population under no selection pressure. Two sunflower lines showing different levels of quantitative resistance were used to measure four aggressiveness criteria: percentage infection, latent period, sporulation density and reduction of hypocotyl length. P. halstedii strains multiplied under varietal mixtures presented the greatest sporulation densities and shortest hypocotyl lengths, those multiplied under alternation presented a reduced latent period and shorter hypocotyl lengths compared with those not influenced by selection pressure. There were no significant differences between populations multiplied under monoculture of resistance genes and those under no selection pressure. These changes appear as being linked to the number of infected plants present. The results suggested that the method of Pl gene management affects aggressiveness because it determines the number of susceptible plants harbored by the parasite.
Vegetation-Environment Relationships Among Woody Species in Four Canopy-Layers in an Old-Growth Mixed Mesophytic Forest

Abstract We examined vegetation-environment relationships among woody species in four canopy-strata within an old-growth mixed mesophytic forest. We hypothesized that 1) the most important environmental variables determining vegetation composition would differ among canopy-layers and 2) the maximum abundance of Quercus spp. would occur under different environmental conditions than those of Acer spp. Overstory and mid-story vegetation were arrayed along gradients of soil fertility and elevation. The shrub-layer and the ground-layer were most strongly correlated with soil fertility and pH. Across strata, Quercus spp. were consistently located in ordination space on well-lit upper slopes with low soil pH. Acer rubrum was found across a wide array of environmental conditions and Acer saccharum was found in mesic areas.
A National Study of the Current Status of State School Counseling Models

A national survey was conducted using a structured interview to investigate the status of school counseling models in all 50 states and the District of Columbia. Findings determined that 17 states have established models, 24 states are progressing in model implementation, and 10 states are at a beginning stage of model development. Implications for state-level practice, professional advocacy, school counseling policy, and future research are discussed.
Dietary fish oil and experimental atherosclerosis

textabstractIn the review of (most human) fish oil studies in chapter 1 it was shown that the data are not all confirmative and only a few studies were well-controlled. However, the safety of the needed experimental high doses of fish oil requires further investigation. The general aims of this thesis were to investigate the effects of high doses of dietary fish oil on: 1. plasmalipids, 2.membrane phospholipid fatty acid composition, 3. membrane function, 4. sensitivity of membranes to lipid peroxidation, 5. morphology of various tissues 6. myocardial function during normoxia, and after ischemia and reperfusion, 7. platelet function 8. prostanoid synthesis, 9. platelet vessel wall interaction, and 10. rate of regression of atherosclerotic lesions. For the optimal control of our studies we performed the experiments in an animal model. The pig was chosen because its anatomy, physiology and lipid metabolism are similar to that of man. Swine are also known to develop spontaneously atherosclerotic lesions, which are similar to the atherosclerotic lesions in man.
The activity budgets and activity patterns of sympatric grey rhebok and mountain reedbuck in a highveld grassland area of South Africa

Behavioural observations were carried out on grey rhebok and mountain reedbuck at Sterkfontein Dam Nature Reserve, South Africa, for a period of 1 year between May 2001 and April 2002. Four harem herds of grey rhebok, five territorial male mountain reedbuck and female mountain reedbuck (herds grouped as one individual) were monitored to determine activity budgets and activity patterns. Both species spent more time feeding in the late afternoon during relatively cool temperatures, and more time resting in the middle of the day during relatively high temperatures. Statistical comparisons between the two species of the percentage time feeding and resting found no differences between them, although mountain reedbuck spent more time resting overall than grey rhebok. Both species were active at night.
Weight and egg quality correlation relationship on different age laying hens

With the aim to determine the influence of Lohman Brown laying hen hybrids age and eggs weight on some characteristics of eggs quality-structure and their correlation relationship, experiment was conducted on two egg samples (160 + 160 = 320 eggs) derived from 20 weeks (the oviposition intensity - 18.29%) and 28 weeks (maximum oviposition - 95.69%) old hens. With laying hens aging there was statistically significant increase (P 0.05) and percentage of albumen share 0.086 (P > 0.05). At 28 weeks old laying hens (heavier eggs) correlation coefficient between egg weight and percentage share of shell, yolk and albumen were: raw shell -0.142 (P > 0.05), egg yolk -0.776 (P < 0.001) and 0.534 egg albumens (P < 0.001).
Is a robust phylogeny of the enterobacterial plant pathogens attainable?

Sequences from gapA, gyrA and ompA were used to evaluate the relationships of the enterobacterial plant pathogens, and assess whether a robust phylogeny can be ascertained using this group of housekeeping genes. Up to 48 taxa were included in a combined phylogenetic analysis to explore the evolutionary distribution of plant pathogenic species across the family Enterobacteriaceae. Phylogenies were reconstructed from gapA, gyrA and ompA gene sequences using maximum parsimony and maximum likelihood algorithms, and phylogenetic congruence was evaluated by the incongruence length difference test and the partition addition bootstrap alteration approach. The resulting gene trees were found to be incongruent, with gapA supporting a monophyletic origin for the plant pathogenic species. In contrast, gyrA and ompA supported multiple polyphyletic origins of Erwinia, Brenneria, Pectobacterium and Pantoea in conjunction with a previously published 16S rDNA phylogeny. However, none of the trees (not even the published 16S rDNA gene tree) supports the current taxonomic classification of these genera into four clades, with Pantoea forming the only monophyletic group in the gapA, gyrA and 16S rDNA trees. Finally, the gapA, gyrA and previously published 16S rDNA phylogenies differ in the taxonomic placement of several bacterial strains which are separated in the three trees. The observed incongruence among the four gene histories is likely to be the result of horizontal transfer events, confounding the search for a robust set of housekeeping genes with a shared evolutionary history that could be used to confidently characterize the relationships of the plant pathogenic enterobacteria.
Konkan Kanyal-Characters and performance of a newly discovered goat germplasm of Maharashtra

This study was conducted on 252 animals of Konkan Kanyal goat population belonging to different sex and age groups existing in the different villages of Kudal, Dodamargi, Malvan, Verungla and Sawantwari tehsils of Sindhudurg district of Konkan region of Maharashtra state of India. The Kanyal goats are mainly reared under free range system. Animals are predominantly black with white marking in a specific pattern, however, brown coat with the similar pattern of white or light brown marking are also available. The average body measurements for height at withers, body length, chest girth, paunch girth, face length, horn length, ear length, tail length were estimated. The body weights of adult male and females were 35.26 and 29.80 under field conditions. The average milk production per lactation was 69.035 liter in a lactation period of 96.199±17.49 days and an average milk production 0.609±0.095 liter/day. Average age at first kidding, kidding interval, twinning were recorded under farm conditions. The meat of Kanyal goats is red with fine and firm fiber. Close housing with raised floor are constructed for these goats. Only about 3.0% mortality was reported hence these are well adapted to the agro-ecological conditions of Konkan region. Based on the unique morphology and performance better than the other nondescript goats of the same area Konkan Kanyal goats can be recommended as a new goat breed of Maharashtra state which can be exploited for improving the other local goats for meat purpose.
Flower Bud Stage and Chill Hours Influence the Activity of GA3 Applied to Rabbiteye Blueberry

Additional index words. Vaccinium ashei, gibberellic acid Abstract. Individual flower clusters of 'Tifblue' rabbiteye blueberry (Vaccinium ashei Reade) were treated with 300 ppm GA3 at several flower bud stages to determine the activity of the growth regulator in promoting fruit set. Applications were made one time only at a specified stage of flower development, or once followed by a second application. A single application of GA 3 when flower buds had elongated but corollas had not expanded (stage 5) led to the largest increase in fruit set. Two applications of GA3, 10 to 18 days apart, increased fruit set compared with a single application at flower developmental stages other than stage 5. Fruit set promoted by a single spray of GA3 imposed on fully expanded corollas (stage 6) decreased with increasing number of chill hours (350, 520, 760, or 1150). Chemical names used: gibberellic acid (GA 3).
Excised twig assay to evaluate cherry rootstocks for tolerance to Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae

An excised twig assay was developed to evaluate cherry rootstocks (hybrids of Prunus avium L.; P. canescens Bois.; P. cerasus L.; P. fruticosa Pall.; P. mahaleb L.; P. pseudocerasus Lindl.) for their tolerance to Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae van Hall. Twigs of Napoleon', Corum', and F12/1 in 1988 and 10 more rootstocks in 1989 were inoculated with water, one avirulent (K4), or one of three virulent strains (W4N54, AP1, and B-15) of bacteria at 10 5 , 10 6 , and 10 7 colony forming units (cfu)/ml in 1988 and with 10 7 cfu/ml in 1989 (.)
Detection of three honeybee viruses simultaneously by a single Multiplex Reverse Transcriptase PCR

A single multiplex reverse transcriptase (RT) polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay was developed for the simultaneous detection of three honeybee viruses: acute bee paralysis virus (ABPV), sacbrood virus (SBV) and black queen cell virus (BQCV). Unique PCR primers were designed from the complete genome sequence to amplify fragments of 900 bp from ABPV, 434 bp from SBV and 316 bp from BQCV. Individual bee pupae homogenates or total RNA extracted from these crude extracts were used in the RT-PCR amplification. Sequence analysis of the fragments amplified revealed nucleotide sequence identities between 97 and 98% for each virus against its reference strain. In a blind test, samples containing various combinations of ABPV, SBV and BQCV were successfully identified. Furthermore, field samples of honeybee pupae were screened for viral infections, and evidence of virus inapparent infection as well as virus co-infection were found.
A revision of the Zygothrica samoaensis species group (Diptera: Drosophilidae), with division into three species subgroups and description of five new species

This revision deals with the Zygothrica samoaensis species group, which includes 15 species, five of which are described as new to science. Two synonymies are proposed: Z. vietnamensis Grimaldi, 1990, as a junior synonym of Z. flavofinira Takada, 1976, and Z. britannia Grimaldi, 1990, as a junior synonym of Z. malaysiana Grimaldi, 1990. The samoaensis group is divided into three species subgroups: (i) the samoaensis subgroup, consisting of nine species, including a new species, Z. australiaensis sp. nov.; (ii) the fijiana subgroup of Z. fijiana Takada, 1976, and two new species, Z. triscutellaris sp. nov. and Z. bicornigera sp. nov.; and (iii) the leptorostra subgroup of Z. leptorostra Grimaldi, 1990, and two new species, Z. pimacula sp. nov. and Z. quintamaculata sp. nov. Supplementary information on geographic distribution is provided for some species, as well as a key to all species of the samoaensis group. Zygothrica kokodana Grimaldi, 1990, and Z. paleovitta Grimaldi, 1990, have closer affinity with the hirticornis and the quadrivittata species groups, respectively, and so are moved to the corresponding genus Hirtodrosophila.
Evaluation of Allelopathic Potential of Wood Chips for Weed Suppression in Horticultural Production Systems

Shredded and chipped wood mulches are used for weed suppression in perennial fruit crops, in urban landscapes, and occasionally in vegetable crops. Wood chip mulches with weed-suppressing allelochemicals may be more effective for weed control, especially under sustainable and organic production systems, than mulches without such properties. The objective of this study was to test for the presence of water-soluble allelochemicals in wood chips derived from tree species, often found in wood resource recovery operations in the southeastern US. Presence of allelochemicals in water eluates of woodchips and leaves was evaluated in a lettuce bioassay. Eluates of wood chips from red maple (Acer rubrum L.), swamp chestnut oak (Quercus michauxii Nutt.), red cedar (Juniperus silicicola L.H. Bailey), neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss.), and magnolia (Magnolia grandiflora L.) highly inhibited germinating lettuce seeds, as assessed by inhibition of hypocotyl and radicle growth. The effects of wood chip eluates from these five species were more than that found for eluates from wood chips of black walnut (Juglans nigra L.,) a species previously identified to have weed-suppressing allelochemicals. Tests on red cedar, red maple, and neem showed that water-soluble allelochemicals were present not only in the wood but also in the leaves. In greenhouse trials, red cedar wood chip mulch significantly inhibited the growth of florida beggarweed (Desmodium tortuosum DC.), compared to the gravel-mulched and no-mulch controls.
Phylogenetic relationships of tropical eastern Pacific snappers (Lutjanidae) inferred from mitochondrial DNA sequences

A total of 2,206 base pairs of coding sequences of mitochondrial DNA from nine of 10 lutjanine (Lutjanidae) species endemic to the eastern Pacific Ocean were used in a phylogenetic analysis to infer species relationships among lutjanines on either side of the Isthmus of Panama. Monotypic Hoplopagrus (guentherii) appears to be at the base of all lutjanines assayed to date and represents the first of five, eastward dispersal events of lutjanines from the Indo-Pacific to the Americas. Diversification of lutjanines in the Americas appears to have occurred primarily in the western Atlantic Ocean (Caribbean Sea) and been aided by an early Miocene eastward-flowing current and by more optimal lutjanine habitat in the warmer Caribbean waters. Five geminate species pairs in five, strongly supported clades were identified. In three, the trans-isthmian geminate species in the eastern Pacific belonged to clades in which basal and other members of the clade are endemic to the western Atlantic, suggesting that the ancestor to each species geminate pair dispersed westward into the eastern Pacific prior to closure of connections between the two oceans; the opposite occurred in one of the clades. The fifth clade contained only two species, one on either side of the Isthmus. Diversification in life-history and other traits in each geminate species pair appears to have been slight. Five lutjanine species possessing horizontal blue stripes (the blue-lined complex) and distributed from the western Indian Ocean to the eastern Pacific formed a strongly supported monophyletic clade. The lone blue-lined species in the eastern Pacific (Lutjanus viridis) could be conspecific with its highly dispersive sister species (Lutjanus kasmira) from the Indo-Pacific. The chronology of lutjanine diversification and closure of seawater exchange between the two oceans is briefly discussed.
Fungal screening for biological removal of extractives from Eucalyptus globulus wood

Wood extractives cause production troubles during pulp and paper manufacture. The potentiality of fungal strains for biotechnological removal of extractives from Eucalyptus globulus Labill. wood is evaluated here. First, a survey of fungi present in eucalypt woodlands in western Spain was carried out, and 90 species, including fungi strictly associated with eucalypt trees, were collected. Then, a total of 33 basidiomycetes, 21 ascomycetes, and 19 conidial fungi (including some strains from culture collections) were compared in terms of their capacity to decrease the acetone extract of eucalypt wood. High extractive removal (50-70% of initial content) was obtained with Ophiostoma, Mollisia, and Pleurotus species, as well as with Funalia trogii (Berk. in Trog) Bond. & Singer, Melanotus hepatochrous (Berk.) Singer, and Paecilomyces sp. Microscopic observation of the degraded wood revealed a correlation between extractive degradation and removal of spherical deposits in wood rays. Moreover, when extractive bi.
Antioxidant responses to water deficit by drought‐tolerant and ‐sensitive sugarcane varieties

Water deficit is the major yield-limiting factor of crop plants. The exposure of plants to this abiotic stress can result in oxidative damage due to the overproduction of reactive oxygen species. The aim of this work was to study the antioxidant-stress response of drought-tolerant (SP83-2847 and SP83-5073) and drought-sensitive (SP90-3414 and SP90-1638) sugarcane varieties to water-deficit stress, which was imposed by withholding irrigation for 3, 10 and 20 days. The drought-sensitive varieties exhibited the lowest leaf relative water content and highest lipid peroxidation, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and proline contents during the progression of the drought-stress condition. The antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), guaiacol peroxidase (GPOX) and glutathione reductase (GR) activities changed according to variety and stress intensity. SP83-2847 exhibited higher CAT and APX activities than the other varieties in the early stage of drought, while the activities of GPOX and GR were the highest in the other varieties at the end of the drought-stress period. A Cu/Zn SOD isoenzyme was absent at the end of drought period from the SP90-3414-sensitive variety. The results indicate that lipid peroxidation and early accumulation of proline may be good biochemical markers of drought sensitivity in sugarcane.
An Examination of School Counselor Involvement in School-Family-Community Partnerships

The study in this article investigated school counselor involvement in school-family-community partnerships and factors that influence such involvement. Participants were 235 members of the American School Counselor Association. Factor analyses of responses to the survey designed specifically for this study defined a set of factors that were used to examine variations in school counselor involvement in partnerships. Regression analyses revealed that (a) collaborative school climate, (b) school counselor role perceptions, (c) school counselor confidence in ability to build partnerships, and (d) school counselor attitudes about partnerships were significantly related to the counselors’ involvement in school-family-community partnerships. Implications for school counselor training, practice, and research are discussed.