Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Physical Method for the Calibration of the AVHRR/3 Thermal IR Channels. Part II: An In-Orbit Comparison of the AVHRR Longwave Thermal IR Channels on boardMetOp-Awith IASI

AbstractObtaining stable and accurate satellite radiances for climate change research requires extremely high standards for satellite calibration. Many satellite sensors do not currently meet the accuracy criteria, especially heritage sensors such as the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR), which shows scene temperature–dependent trends and biases of up to 0.5 K. Recently, however, a detailed study of the AVHRR/3 prelaunch data showed significant problems with both the calibration algorithm and the prelaunch data and indicated that the inherent accuracy of the AVHRR may actually be quite high. A new approach has been suggested that fixed many of the issues with the current (operational) calibration, but has not yet been applied to the in-orbit case. In this paper the behavior of the AVHRR in orbit is examined and compared to the operational AVHRR radiances from the Meteorological Operation (MetOp)-A with those based on the new calibration to radiances derived from the Infrared Atmosphere Soun.
Interface microstructure engineering by high power impulse magnetron sputtering for the enhancement of adhesion

An excellent adhesion of hard coatings to steel substrates is paramount in practically all application areas. Conventional methods utilize Ar glow etching or cathodic arc discharge pretreatments that have the disadvantage of producing weak interfaces or adding droplets, respectively. One tool for interface engineering is high power impulse magnetron sputtering (HIPIMS). HIPIMS is based on conventional sputtering with extremely high peak power densities reaching 3kWcm−2 at current densities of >2Acm−2. HIPIMS of Cr and Nb was used to prepare interfaces on 304 stainless steel and M2 high speed steel (HSS). During the pretreatment, the substrates were biased to Ubias=−600V and Ubias=−1000V in the environment of a HIPIMS of Cr and Nb plasma. The bombarding flux density reached peak values of 300mAcm−2 and consisted of highly ionized metal plasma containing a high proportion of Cr1+ and Nb1+. Pretreatments were also carried out with Ar glow discharge and filtered cathodic arc as comparison. The adhesion was ev.
Periodic radio variabilities of the blazar 1156+295: harmonic oscillations

(Quasi)-periodic oscillations of the radio luminosity of a typical blazar 1156+295 were analysed to investigate the dynamic processes associated with the central engine of the active galactic nucleus. Three numerical techniques, the Lomb-Scargle periodogram, the Weighted Wavelet Z-transform and the improved Phase Dispersion Minimization, were used to search for candidate periodicities in the radio light curves of 1156+295 at 14.5, 8.0 and 4.8 GHz. The results of these methods are consistent with the detection of four periodic components with characteristic periods of similar to 1.7 (P-4), similar to 2.4 (P-3), similar to 3.4 (P-2) and similar to 7.5 yr (P-1), which suggest a harmonic relationship in frequency of 4: 3: 2: 1 with f(1) as the fundamental frequency. Except for the fact that P-1 persistently shows in the whole time span, the three others appear intermittent and are only prominent during certain time ranges. The second harmonic mode (P-2) is most powerful at all three observing frequency bands. The multiplicity and harmonic relation of the periodicities in 1156+295 reconfirms that global p-mode oscillations of the accretion disc are coupled to the jet. The oscillation of the disc is likely driven by Kelvin-Helmholtz instabilities in the inner edge of the accretion disc.
Investment Decisions of Energy Sector Companies on the Indonesia Stock Exchange: Theory and Evidence

This paper focused on strategic corporate financial decisions regarding investments to increase firm value moderated by profitability in emerging markets. The analytical method used was panel data analysis, with a total number of observations of 260 energy sector companies on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2019-2021. The results of the Chow Test, Hausman Test, and Lagrange Multiplier Test show the selected random effect model. The model shows that there is an effect of investment decisions on firm value in a positive direction and the moderating role of profitability strengthens this effect. The results of the robustness check show that the research model is still consistent with previous findings. Investment decisions have an effect on firm value, and profitability moderates this effect, both in the assumption of changes in control variables or model estimation using quantile regression. Our findings are in line with the idea of ​​signaling theory that information on the company’s investment decisions is a positive signal that the company has good growth opportunities or prospects so that it will increase the firm value and ultimately have an impact on the prosperity of shareholders. Furthermore, profitability strengthens the positive signal of the company’s reputation in the eyes of investors.
A Case of Spontaneous Multivessel Coronary Artery Dissection

Spontaneous coronary artery dissection (SCAD) is a non-traumatic separation of the epicardial coronary arterial wall leading to luminal obstruction with subsequent myocardial ischemia and infarction. Herein, we describe an interesting case of acute coronary syndrome due to multivessel SCAD without an underlying susceptibility or trigger, and review the literature for SCAD management.
Over- and under-convergent step responses in fractional-order transfer functions

In this paper we highlight a remarkable difference between the step responses of a classical second-order transfer function and its fractional-order counterpart. It can be easily shown that the step response of a stable classical second-order transfer function crosses its final value infinitely over time. In contrast, it is illustrated here that the step responses of a fractional-order counterpart of the classical second-order model possess only a finite number of such crossovers. In other words, for such a system one can find a specific time instant after which the step response is over or under-convergent to its final value. This property interprets some phenomena observed in the real-world and should be considered during the design of the control system.
SEMI-DISCRETE CENTRAL DIFFERENCE METHOD FOR DETERMINING SURFACE HEAT FLUX OF IHCP

We consider an inverse heat conduction problem(IHCP) in a quarter plane which appears in some applied subjects. We want to determine the heat flux on the surface of a body from a measured temperature history at a fixed location inside the body. This is a severely ill-posed problem in the sense that arbitrarily “small” differences in the input temperature data may lead to arbitrarily “large” differences in the surface flux. A semi-discrete central difference scheme in time is employed to deal with the ill posed problem. We obtain some error estimates which also give the information about how to choose the step length in time. Some numerical examples illustrate the effects of the proposed method.
The dynamic effect of pipe-wall viscoelasticity in hydraulic transients. Part I—experimental analysis and creep characterization

The mechanical behaviour of the pipe material determines the pressure response of a fluid system during the occurrence of transient events. in viscoelastic pipes, typically made of polyethylene (pe), maximum or minimum transient pressures are rapidly attenuated and the overall pressure wave is delayed in time. this is a result of the retarded deformation of the pipe-wall. this effect has been observed in transient data collected in a high-density pe pipe-rig, at imperial college (london, uk). several transient tests were carried out to collect pressure and circumferential strain data. the pipe material presented a typical viscoelastic mechanical behaviour with a sudden pressure drop immediately after the fast valve closure, a major dissipation and dispersion of the pressure wave, and transient mechanical hysteresis. the creep-function of the pipe material was experimentally determined by creep tests, and, its order-of-magnitude was estimated based on pressure-strain data collected from the pipe-rig. a good agreement between the creep functions was observed. creep tests are important for the characterization of the viscoelastic behaviour of pe as a material; however, when pe is integrated in a pipe system, mechanical tests only provide an estimate of the actual mechanical behaviour of the pipe system. this is because creep depends on not only the molecular structure of the material and temperature but also on pipe axial and circumferential constraints and the stress-time history of the pipe system.
Reduced Graphene Oxide/Polyelectrolyte Multilayers for Fast Resistive Humidity Sensing

Fast humidity sensors are of interest due to their potential application in new sensing technologies such as wearable personal healthcare and environment sensing devices. However, the realization of rapid response/recovery humidity sensors remains challenging primarily due to the sluggish adsorption/desorption of water molecules, which particularly impacts the response/recovery times. Moreover, another key factor for fast humidity sensing, namely the attainment of equal response and recovery times, has often been neglected. Herein, the layer-by-layer (LbL) assembly of a reduced graphene oxide (rGO)/polyelectrolyte is demonstrated for application in fast humidity sensors. The resulting sensors exhibit fast response and recovery times of 0.75 and 0.85 s (corresponding to times per RH range of 0.24 and 0.27 s RH−1, respectively), providing a difference of only 0.1 s (corresponding to 0.03 s RH−1). This performance exceeds that of the majority of previously reported graphene oxide (GO)- or rGO-based humidity sensors. In addition, the polyelectrolyte deposition time is shown to be key to controlling the humidity sensing kinetics. The as-developed rapid sensing system is expected to provide useful guidance for the tailorable design of fast humidity sensors.
A note on power-law scaling in a Taylor-Couette flow

Recent studies [Lathrop et al., Phys. Rev. A 46, 6390 (1992); Lewis et al., Phys. Rev. E 59, 5457 (1999)] on Taylor–Couette flow, where the inner cylinder is rotating and the outer one is at rest, show that, despite earlier predictions [Wendt, Ing. Arch. 4, 557 (1933); Tong et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 65, 2780 (1990)], the non-dimensional torque (G=T/ρν2L) does not follow a fixed power-law scaling (i.e., G∼Reα, where α is a constant value) for 800<Re<1.23×106. Here, we perform simultaneous flow visualization and high precision torque measurements of the same flow configuration using a Haake RS-75 Rheometer to establish if this is also true in the lower Reynolds number range (Re<800). Results show that, although α varies with the Reynolds number, it can be approximated reasonably well with a constant value α=1 for Re/Rec<1 and α=1.5 for 1.5<Re/Rec<6.32. The latter finding is in good agreement with that of Wendt [Ing. Arch. 4, 557 (1933)]. A possible explanation for the differences with the results of earlier .
Extinction Behavior Of Snow Between 18 GHz And 90 GHz: Comparison Between Theory And Experiments

This paper studies the frequency dependence of the extinction rate in snow for the frequency range of 18 to 90 GHz. The results of three approaches are compared: independent scattering, dense medium theory using the quasicrystalline approximation (QCA), and dense medium theory using the quasicrystalline approximation with coherent potential (QCA-CP). The latter two theories predict an extinction rate that is lower than independent scattering for most cases. &CA-CP in particular compares very well with Monte Carlo simulations, while QCA shows promising results when compared with measured data. INTRODUCTION The extinction rate of snow is an intrinsic property used in different versions of radiative transfer theory. Thus, it is important to study this basic intrinsic property which is unaffected by other parameters such as snow layer thickness, the permittivity of the lower half space, etc. In this paper, we study the frequency dependence of the extinction rate between 18 and 90 GHz. In this frequency range, volume scattering is an important part of the extinction rate. Snow is modelled as a random distribution of ice particles with a size distribution. The three theories used are: independent scattering, dense medium theory using &CA, and dense medium theory using QCA-CP. The latter two theories predict an extinction rate that is lower than independent scattering for most cases. Such behavior has been verified by controlled Iaboratory experiments, and by Monte Carlo simulations of direct solutions of Maxwell’s equations of a medium containing up to 4000 particles. Theoretical results are compared with results from controlled laboratory experiments, Monte Carlo simulations, and extinction measurements of dry snow. The emphasis is on matching the data for a sample over the entire frequency range with one set of physical parameters.
Factors Affecting the Integrity of Financial Statements: Before and During the Pandemic

This study aims to determine the effect of auditor switching, audit tenure, and financial distress on the integrity of financial statements before and during the pandemic. The subject of this study is the financial sector which is listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2019 and 2020. The method used in this study is a quantitative method. The population used in this study were companies in the financial sector for the period 2019 and 2020. The sample of the study was taken using a purposive sampling technique so that there were 106 samples. The study data analysis technique used the Statistical Program for Social Software (SPSS) version 24.0 with descriptive statistics and multiple linear regression. The integrity of the financial statements in this study is measured using conservatism. The results of the study partially show that auditor switching and audit tenure have no significant effect on the integrity of financial statements before the pandemic and during the pandemic, while financial distress has no effect on report integrity before the pandemic but has a significant negative effect on the integrity of financial statements at the time of the pandemic. During the pandemic, there was a significant difference between the integrity of financial statements before and during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Research into Specific Mechanical Properties of Composites Produced by 3D-Printing Additive Continuous-Fiber Fabrication Technology

This paper introduces novel research into specific mechanical properties of composites produced by 3D printing using Continuous-Fiber Fabrication (CFF). Nylon (Onyx) was used as the composite base material, while carbon constituted the reinforcement element. The carbon fiber embedment was varied in selected components taking values of 0°, 45°, 90°, and 135° for parts undergoing tensile testing, while one specific part type was produced combining all angles. Carbon-fiber-free components with 100% and 37% fillings were also produced for comparison purposes. Parts undergoing the Charpy impact test had the fibers deposited at angles of 0° and 90°, while one part type was also produced combining the four angles mentioned before. Carbon-fiber-free parts with 100% and 37% fillings were also produced for comparison purposes as with the first part. The Markforged MARK TWO 3D printer was used for printing the parts. These were subsequently scanned in the METROTOM 1500 computed tomography and submitted to the tensile and impact tests. The results showed that adding carbon fiber to the base material increased the volume of defects in the samples as a result of the porosity increase. Although the tensile testing manifested an overall increase in tensile strength Rm of up to 12 times compared to the sample without reinforcement, it was proven that an improper fiber orientation significantly diminished the strength and that combining the four selected angles did not lead to the highest strength values. Finally, the impact tests also showed that fiber-reinforced parts implied up to 2.7 times more work to fracture, and that an improved fiber orientation also led to strength reduction.
Bootstrapping: A Nonparametric Approach to Statistical Inference

PART ONE: INTRODUCTION Traditional Parametric Statistical Inference Bootstrap Statistical Inference Bootstrapping a Regression Model Theoretical Justification The Jackknife Monte Carlo Evaluation of the Bootstrap PART TWO: STATISTICAL INFERENCE USING THE BOOTSTRAP Bias Estimation Bootstrap Confidence Intervals PART THREE: APPLICATIONS OF BOOTSTRAP CONFIDENCE INTERVALS Confidence Intervals for Statistics With Unknown Sampling Distributions Inference When Traditional Distributional Assumptions Are Violated PART FOUR: CONCLUSION Future Work Limitations of the Bootstrap Concluding Remarks
A spectroscopic survey for lambda Bootis stars. II. The observational data

Bootis stars comprise only a small number of all A-type stars and are characterized as nonmagnetic, Population i, late B to early F-type dwarfs which show signicant underabundances of metals whereas the light elements (C, N, O and S) are almost normal abundant compared to the Sun. In the second paper on a spectroscopic survey for Bootis stars, we present the spectral classications of all program stars observed. These stars were selected on the basis of their Stromgren uvby colors as Bootis candidates. In total, 708 objects in six open clusters, the Orion OB1 association and the Galactic eld were classied. In addition, 9 serendipity non-candidates in the vicinity of our program stars as well as 15 Guide Star Catalogue stars were observed resulting in a total of 732 classied stars. The 15 objects from the Guide Star Catalogue are part of a program for the classication of apparent variable stars from the Fine Guidance Sensors of the Hubble Space Telescope. A grid of 105 MK standard as well as \pathological" stars guarantees a precise classication. A comparison of our spectral classication with the extensive work of Abt & Morrell (1995) shows no signicant dierences. The derived types are 0.23 0.09 (rms error per measurement) subclasses later and 0.30 0.08 luminosity classes more luminous than those of Abt & Morrell (1995) based on a sample of 160 objects in common. The estimated errors of the means are 0.1 subclasses. The characteristics of our sample are discussed in respect to the distribution on the sky, apparent visual magnitudes and Stromgren uvby colors.
A note on least-squares mixed finite elements in relation to standard and mixed finite elements

The least-squares mixed finite-element method for second-order elliptic problems yields an approximation u h ∈ V h C H 1 0 (Q) of the potential u together with an approximation p h ∈ r h ⊂ H(div; Q) of the vector field p = -AVu. Comparing u h with the standard finite-element approximation of u in V h , and p h with the mixed finite-element approximation of p, it turns out that they are higher-order perturbations of each other. In other words, they are 'superclose'. Refined a priori bounds and superconvergence results can now be proved. Also, the local mass conservation error is of higher order than could be concluded from the standard a priori analysis.
Field Performance of a Rapid Test to Detect Progressive, Regressive, and Abortive Feline Leukemia Virus Infections in Domestic Cats in Australia and Germany

Different feline leukemia virus (FeLV) infection outcomes are possible in cats following natural exposure, such as progressive infections (persistent viremia), regressive infections (transient or no viremia followed by proviral persistence) and abortive infections (presence of only antibodies). Laboratory-based testing is currently required for categorization of infection outcomes in cats. The aim of this study was to evaluate the field performance of a novel, rapid, combination point-of-care (PoC) test kit commercially available in Europe (v-RetroFel®Ag/Ab; 2020–2021 version) to determine different FeLV infection outcomes by concurrent detection of FeLV antigen (p27) and antibodies against FeLV transmembrane envelope protein (p15E). A secondary aim was to evaluate the performance of the same test kit (v-RetroFel®FIV) to determine positive/negative feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) infection status by the detection of antibodies to FIV capsid protein (p24) and transmembrane glycoprotein (gp40). Two cohorts of domestic cats were recruited and tested with v-RetroFel® using plasma or serum, including cats in Australia (n = 200) and cats in Germany (n = 170). Results from p27 antigen PoC testing, proviral DNA PCR, and neutralizing antibody testing or testing for antibodies against non-glycosylated surface unit envelope protein (p45) were used to assign cats to groups according to different FeLV infection outcomes. Testing with a laboratory-based FeLV p15E antibody ELISA was also performed for comparison. In the first cohort, v-RetroFel®Ag/Ab correctly identified 89% (109/122) FeLV-unexposed cats and 91% (21/23) progressive infections, but no regressive (0/23) or abortive (0/32) infections. In the second cohort, v-RetroFel®Ag/Ab correctly identified 94% (148/158) FeLV-unexposed cats and 100% (4/4) progressive infections, but no regressive (0/2) and only 17% (1/6) abortive infections. There was test agreement between v-RetroFel®Ab and the p15E laboratory ELISA in 58.9% of samples. As a secondary outcome of this study, the sensitivity and specificity of v-RetroFel®FIV testing in cohort 1 were 94.7% (18/19) and 98.3% (178/181), and in cohort 2, 30.0% (3/10) and 100.0% (160/160), respectively. Prior history of FIV vaccination did not produce any false-positive FIV results. In conclusion, v-RetroFel®Ag/Ab (2020–2021 version) was unable to accurately determine different FeLV infection outcomes in the field. Improvements of the test prior to application to field samples are required.
A rate of convergence result for the super-critical Galton-Watson process

Let Z0 = 1, Z1, Z2, ··· denote a super-critical Galton-Watson process whose non-degenerate offspring distribution has probability generating function where 1 < m = EZ 1 < ∞. The Galton-Watson process evolves in such a way that the generating function Fn (s) of Zn is the nth functional iterate of F(s). The convergence problem for Z n, when appropriately normed, has been studied by quite a number of authors; for an ultimate form see Heyde [2]. However, no information has previously been obtained on the rate of such convergence. We shall here suppose that in which case Wn = m –nZn converges almost surely to a non-degenerate random variable W as n → ∞ (Harris [1], p. 13). It is our object to establish the following result on the rate of convergence of Wn to W.
Cylindrical-lens-based wavefront-reversing shear interferometer for the spatial coherence measurement of UV radiations

We present the design and results of a cylindrical-lens-based reversal shear interferometer for measuring the spatial coherence of partially or fully coherent UV beams. This is a modified Michelson interferometer consisting of only four optical components. The wavefront is reversed in one of the interferometer's arm by the combination of a plane mirror located at the focal plane of a cylindrical lens. The selected wavefront can be sheared at any arbitrary angle with respect to the incident wavefront by rotating the cylindrical lens, thus enhancing the capability of this design for a real 3-D wavefront evaluation. This interferometer is used to measure the spatial coherence of 255-nm UV radiations obtained from the second harmonic of a copper vapor laser for pump beams of different spatial coherence characteristics, a result being reported for the first time.