Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Correlations between objective measurements and subjective evaluations of facial profile after orthodontic treatment

Objective To investigate the correlations between objective measurements and subjective evaluations of post-treatment facial attractiveness. Methods Ten orthodontists rated the subjective visual analog scale (VAS) scores of the facial profiles of 95 patients who had undergone orthodontic treatment. Post-treatment cephalograms and photographs were used. Eleven soft tissue measurements and eight maxillary incisor measurements were constructed and analyzed. Correlations between objective measurements and subjective VAS scores were evaluated using Pearson correlation and quadratic regression analysis. Results The VAS scores of different facial proportions were all correlated with the total VAS score. Among soft tissue measurements, the distances from the upper and lower lips to the E line, H angle, forehead inclination, distance from lower lip to the H line, and pogonion-menton angle were negatively correlated with the VAS scores. The Z angle, with a parabolic distribution, was also correlated with the VAS scores. Among maxillary incisor measurements, the distance from the maxillary incisors to the forehead’s anterior limit line and the angulation of the maxillary incisors to the APo line were negatively correlated with the VAS scores. Conclusions Several soft tissue and maxillary incisor position measurements were correlated with facial profile evaluation and therefore might be used to evaluate facial attractiveness.
The ceramic artifacts in archaeological black earth (terra preta) from lower Amazon region, Brazil: mineralogy

Sitios arqueologicos com Terra Preta, denominados de Terra Preta de Indio ou ainda Terra Preta Arqueologica (TPA) sao muito frequentes na Amazonia. As TPA geralmente contem fragmentos de vasos cerâmicos, por vezes abundantes, alem de liticos, que sao materiais de grande importância para os estudos arqueologicos. Para consubstanciar esses estudos, realizou-se pesquisas mineralogicas e quimicas em fragmentos cerâmicos provenientes de dois sitios arqueologicos da regiao de Cachoeira-Porteira, Estado do Para. Os fragmentos foram classificados segundo seus principais temperos em: cauixi, cariape, areia+feldspatos e caco de vaso cerâmico. Mineralogicamente sao compostos de quartzo, minerais de argila calcinados (especialmente caulinita), feldspatos (albita e microclinio), hematita, goethita, maghemita, variscita-estrengita, fosfatos amorfos, anatasio, e raramente apatita, rhabdophana e oxidos de Mn e Ba. Cauixi e cariape sao componentes orgânicos silicosos e amorfos a DRX. A composicao mineralogica e a morfologia dos seus graos indicam saprolito (material argiloso rico em quartzo) derivado de rochas igneas felsicas de granulacao fina ou rochas sedimentares ricas em argilominerais como materia-prima dos vasos cerâmicos. Neste material argiloso cauixi, cariape e/ou areias, ricas em silica, foram intencionalmente adicionados. O elevado conteudo de fosfatos de Al-Fe, amorfos ou como de baixa cristalinidade, originou-se a partir do contato entre a matriz argilosa da parede do vaso cerâmico com a solucao aquosa quente durante o cozimento diario de alimentos de origem animal (principal fonte de fosforo). A cristalizacao dos fosfatos deve ter prosseguida mesmo depois que os vasos foram descartados, e juntos com os restos de materia orgânica vegetal e animal incorporaram-se aos solos residuais. Participaram desta forma na formacao dos solos tipo TPA.
Fine-Tuning Self-Organizing Maps for Sentinel-2 Imagery: Separating Clouds from Bright Surfaces

Removal of cloud interference is a crucial step for the exploitation of the spectral information stored in optical satellite images. Several cloud masking approaches have been developed through time, based on direct interpretation of the spectral and temporal properties of clouds through thresholds. The problem has also been tackled by machine learning methods with artificial neural networks being among the most recent ones. Detection of bright non-cloud objects is one of the most difficult tasks in cloud masking applications since spectral information alone often proves inadequate for their separation from clouds. Scientific attention has recently been redrawn on self-organizing maps (SOMs) because of their unique ability to preserve topologic relations, added to the advantage of faster training time and more interpretative behavior compared to other types of artificial neural networks. This study evaluated a SOM for cloud masking Sentinel-2 images and proposed a fine-tuning methodology to separate clouds from bright land areas. The fine-tuning process which is based on the output of the non-fine-tuned network, at first directly locates the neurons that correspond to the misclassified pixels. Then, the incorrect labels of the neurons are altered without applying further training. The fine-tuning method follows a general procedure, thus its applicability is broad and not confined only in the field of cloud-masking. The network was trained on the largest publicly available spectral database for Sentinel-2 cloud masking applications and was tested on a truly independent database of Sentinel-2 cloud masks. It was evaluated both qualitatively and quantitatively with the interpretation of its behavior through multiple visualization techniques being a main part of the evaluation. It was shown that the fine-tuned SOM successfully recognized the bright non-cloud areas and outperformed the state-of-the-art algorithms: Sen2Cor and Fmask, as well as the version that was not fine-tuned.
Impact of variable look‐back periods on the incidence rates of chronic diseases using real world data

Estimating disease incidence based on secondary data requires a look‐back period to exclude patients with pre‐existing disease from the incidence risk set. However, the optimal length of the look‐back period and its impact on incidence rates are often unknown. We studied the impact of the length of the look‐back period on incidence rates of 24 different chronic diseases.
Discovering novel hub genes and pathways associated with the pathogenesis of psoriasis

In‐depth analysis on the rambling genes of psoriasis may help to identify the pathologic mechanism of this disease. However, this has seldom been performed. Using bioinformatic approaches, we analyzed four gene expression profiles in gene expression omnibus (GEO) database, identified the differentially expressed genes (DEGs), and found out the overlapping DEGs (common DEGs, CDEGs) in the above four profiles. The CDEGs were further subjected to Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis, Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis and protein‐protein interaction (PPI) network analysis, and hub genes were ranked. We identified 139 CDEGs associated with a variety of GO processes including keratinization, immune and inflammatory responses, and type 1 interferon signaling pathway. These CDEGs were enriched in a variety of KEGG processes, including cytokine‐cytokine receptor interaction and chemokine signaling. PPI analysis showed that seven genes (HERC6, ISG15, MX1, RSAD2, OAS2, OASL, and OAS3) were likely the novel hub genes of psoriasis. RT‐qPCR identified that five (ISG15, MX1, OAS2, OASL, and OAS3) of the seven predicted hub genes were overexpressed in TNF‐α stimulated HaCaT cell lines, a result quite consistent with the predictions. The study provides new information in exploring the mechanisms and therapeutic targets of psoriasis.
Comment on: Are survival rates for northern spotted owls biased?

Loehle et al. recently estimated survival rates from radio-telemetered northern spotted owls (Strix occidentalis caurina (Merriam, 1898)) and suggested that survival rates estimated for this species from capture–recapture studies were negatively biased, which subsequently resulted in the negatively biased estimates of rates of population change (λ) reported by Anthony et al. (Wildl. Monogr. No. 163, pp. 1–47 (2006)). We argue that their survival estimates were inappropriate for comparison with capture–recapture estimates because (i) the manner in which they censored radio-telemetered individuals had the potential to positively bias their survival estimates, (ii) their estimates of survival were not valid for evaluating bias, and (iii) the size and distribution of their radiotelemetry study areas were sufficiently different from capture–recapture study areas to preclude comparisons. In addition, their inferences of negative bias in rates of population change estimated by Anthony et al. were incorrect and r.
Innate Immune Cells may be Involved in Prepubertal Bovine Mammary Development

Pre-pubertal bovine mammary development involves ductal and stromal tissue changes. In mice, this process is impacted by presence of innate immune cells. Whether or not such immune cells are present or involved in bovine mammary development is unknown. We studied the presence, location and changes in numbers of eosinophils, mast cells and macrophages in pre-pubertal bovine mammary tissue. Chemical stains and immunofluorescence were used to identify the cells in formalin fixed, paraffin embedded mammary tissue. The first set (ONT) included samples (n=4/week) from birth to 6 weeks of age. Another set (OVX) determined the influence of ovaries, 19 animals were intact or ovariectomized 30 days before sampling. They were 90, 120 or 150 days old at examination. The third set (EST) allowed examination of the potential influence of exogenous estrogen on innate immune cells in the mammary gland. Samples were from calves given estrogen implants (n=6) or placebo (n=4) at 56 days old, and sampled at 70 days old. We examined 20 images each of NEAR and FAR stroma from every animal. More eosinophils were observed in NEAR versus FAR in the ONT and OVX , more mast cells observed in NEAR versus FAR in ONT. More macrophages were observed in NEAR versus FAR in ONT and EST. We show, for the first time, that innate immune cells are present in prepubertal bovine mammary tissue and that abundance is related to the epithelial structure. We suggest a possible role for these cells in control of bovine mammary development.
A new species of Eptesicus (Mammalia: Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) from the Atlantic Forest, Brazil

A new species of the genus Eptesicus Rafinesque (Mammalia: Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) from Atlantic Forest, Brazil is described. This species is distinct from its congeners based on external and cranial morphometrics, as well as on qualitative traits such as a more reddish coloration, more inflated muzzle and rounder ears.
Allelopathic influence of dominant weeds of North-Western Himalayan region on common cereal crops

A study on the allelopathic potential of Ageratum conyzoides and Eupatorium adenophorum two dominant weeds of North-Western Himalayan region on three common cereals viz., Triticum aestivum cv. HPW-42 (wheat), Oryza sativa cv. Hasanshrai basmati (paddy) and Zea mays cv. Girija (maize) revealed significant inhibition of seed germination. Lower concentration of E. adenophorum macerated aqueous extract showed stimulatory effect on plumule growth in wheat and maize seedlings while all other treatments led to inhibition of plumule length. Likewise, the radicle length was significantly more in case of maize seedlings on exposure to E. adenophorum macerated aqueous extract (50 per cent) than that of control. All other treatments caused significant reduction in the radicle growth. The inhibitory effect was much pronounced for radicle growth as compared to the plumule growth for all the treatments except E. adenophorum macerated aqueous extract (50 per cent). There was a significant reduction in seed vigor index in case of all the treatments except E. adenophorum macerated aqueous extract (50 per cent). Among the test crops, maize with larger seeds was least sensitive to the application of various extracts/fractions while wheat and paddy with small seeds were more susceptible to the allelopathic effect of both weeds. The results of the study could be important in planning the area under different crops in view of the prevalent agro-ecosystem for better outputs.
A Gamma Beta Mixture Model for Channel Multipath Components Clustering

In this paper, a Gamma Beta Mixture Model (GBMM) is proposed to cluster channel multipath components (MPCs) where the gamma distribution is utilized to fit the delay data and angle data is fitted with beta distribution. We utilize the expectation-maximization (EM) algorithm to get the optimal GBMM parameters. Specially, in the M step of the EM algorithm, the Newton-Raphson method is utilized to optimize the GBMM parameters since we could not get closed solutions. To verify the clustering effect, an outdoor-to-indoor (O2I) measurement activity at 3.5 GHz was conducted. Simulation results based on real channel measurement data indicate that, compared with Gaussian mixture model (GMM), GBMM has better clustering performance.
Phaseless Approach to Microwave Biomedical Imaging: System Requirements towards Clinical Applications

A preliminary study on the implementation of a microwave imaging system for biomedical applications is outlined in this work. A low-cost, portable and easy implementable measurement setup for dielectric characterization of biomedical scenario, specifically in the field of breast imaging, is discussed. It is combined with the use of a phaseless reconstruction strategy for the solution of the related non-linear inverse scattering problem.
Toscana Virus Epidemiology: From Italy to Beyond

Toscana virus (TOSV) is an arthropod-borne virus which is transmitted to humans by Phlebotomus spp sandflies. Infection is the cause of brain injuries, such as aseptic meningitis and meningoencephalitis, in Italy mainly during the summer. More recently some unusual clinical manifestations due to TOSV with severe sequelae, such as ischemic complications and hydrocephalus, have been reported. TOSV represents an important emerging pathogen and its presence is being investigated in several European countries on the Mediterranean basin, including Italy, France, Spain, Portugal and Cyprus. Phylogenetic analysis has distinguished two genotypes of TOSV, A and B; the first is circulating mainly in Italy and the second in Spain, indicating a different geographic distribution possibly related to the vector. This distribution, evolving with the climate, globalization and habitat modification, has implications for the epidemiology of TOSV.
Barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crus-galli) Control in Water-Seeded Rice (Oryza sativa) with Cyhalofop-butyl1

Abstract: Field experiments were conducted in 1996 and 1997 to evaluate barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crus-galli) control, rice (Oryza sativa) yield, and grain quality with cyhalofop-butyl applied early postemergence (EPOST) or late postemergence (LPOST) in drained or flooded plots at rates of 0.15 to 0.4 kg ai/ha and standard treatments of molinate or propanil. Control with cyhalofop-butyl at 0.15 and 0.2 kg/ha applied in drained plots was greater compared to propanil and generally increased when treatments were applied EPOST to plots reflooded 2 d after treatment. Barnyardgrass control with cyhalofop-butyl at 0.15 and 0.2 kg/ha applied in flooded plots was similar to or better than the control obtained with molinate. Rice yields generally reflected differences in barnyardgrass control and were greatest with cyhalofop-butyl applied EPOST in drained plots. The 0.4 kg/ha rate of cyhalofop-butyl resulted in rice foliar injury and significant reductions in grain yield. Grain qualitative characteristics (total milling yield, grain vitreosity, grain length, and grain length to width ratio) were better with cyhalofop-butyl applied EPOST in drained plots compared with propanil or molinate. Nomenclature: Cyhalofop-butyl; molinate; propanil; barnyardgrass, Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) Beauv. #3 ECHCG; rice, Oryza sativa L. ‘Ispaniki A’. Additional index words: Weed management, ECHCG. Abbreviations: DAT, days after treatment; DBH, days before harvest; EPOST, early postemergence; LPOST, late postemergence; POST, postemergence.
Growth curves of broilers chickens organs of two strains.

This work was conducted to study the development of organs in Ross and Cobb male and female broilers from 1 to 56 days of age. 1920 chicks of each strain were distributed into 4 groups of 120 birds of each sex. Four birds of each group were slaughtered weekly, and the organs were weighed and processed to determine chemical composition. The organ weights, protein, fat, water and ash weights were applied to Gompertz equation. The organ growth and nutrient deposition rates were determined by derived of the equations. Ross strain had the mature heart weight (30.5g for male and 20.3g for female) higher than Cobb (26.6g for male and 19.6g for female). Ross reached the age of maximum growth 3.5 and 1.2 day latter for male and female, respectively. Cobb strain had the mature intestine rate (0.0394 for male and 0.0365 for female) higher than Ross (0.0373 for male and 0.0323 for female). The mature gizzard weight was higher for female (150.7g for Cobb and 130g for Ross) than male (110.9g for Ross and 99g for Cobb). The heart growth rates were similar for both strains till 28 days, after that, Ross had higher rates than Cobb. The maximum growth rates of liver of males Cobb and males Ross were similar (1.6 g/day) but higher than female Ross (1.27g/day) and Cobb (1.17g/day). The maximum growth rates of intestine and proventriculum of Ross (0.26g/day for male and 0,25g/day for female) were superior to those of Cobb (0.25g/day for male and 0.24g/day for female). However, the maximum growth rate of gizzard was greater in Cobb (1.50g/day) and Ross (1.45g/day) females compared to Cobb (1.28g/day) and Ross (1.25g/day) males. In conclusion, the organ growth of Ross was superior to Cobb.
Analysis of Spatial Patterns and Spatial Association between the Invasive Tree-of-Heaven (Ailanthus altissima) and the Native Black Locust (Robinia pseudoacacia)

Abstract Invasive exotic plants can persist and successfully spread within ecosystems and negatively affect the recruitment of native species. The exotic invasive Ailanthus altissima and the native Robinia pseudoacacia are frequently found in disturbed sites and exhibit similar growth and reproductive characteristics, yet each has distinct functional roles such as allelopathy and nitrogen fixation, respectively. Spatial point pattern analysis of trees in a silvicultural experiment was used to analyze the potential intraspecific and interspecific interference between these two species by looking at their individual spatial distribution and their spatial association. Analysis of spatial point patterns in the field with Ripley's K indicated that A. altissima and R. pseudoacacia were positively associated with each other along the highly disturbed skid trails in the majority of the field sites. Robinia pseudoacacia was clumped in the majority of the sites, whereas A. altissima was randomly distributed in most sites. Locally, increased disturbances could lead to more opportunities for A. altissima to invade, interact with R. pseudoacacia and other native species and potentially have an effect on the native plant community.
Long‐term canopy dynamics in a large area of temperate old‐growth beech (Fagus crenata) forest: analysis by aerial photographs and digital elevation models

1 Long‐term canopy dynamics in a large area of temperate old‐growth beech forest in the Daisen Forest Reserve, south‐western Japan (11.56 ha studied over 43 years), were investigated using digital elevation models (DEMs) of the canopy surface, constructed from aerial photographs taken in the growing season (i.e. with foliage) in 1958, 1978, 1992 and 2001. A ground surface DEM at the same resolution (a 2.5 × 2.5 m grid) was constructed using aerial photographs taken when foliage was absent (winter 2002). Canopy height data were obtained by calculating differences in elevation between the canopy and the ground surface, and a canopy height profile was constructed. 2 Topographic data for a 4‐ha plot, located within the 11.56‐ha area, were obtained via a ground survey and used to validate the ground surface DEM derived from aerial photographs. 3 Canopy height class distributions changed significantly over the 43 years. The total number of gaps, defined as areas where canopy height was ≤ 15 m, decreased but total gap area increased over time. Total gap area in 2001 was twice that of 1958. The density of gaps decreased as gap size increased. 4 Gap formation rates increased from 0.47% year−1 (1958–78) to 1.30% year−1 (1992–2001), with a mean of 0.77% year−1, and substantially exceeded closure rates, which fluctuated from 0.28% year−1 (1958–78) to 0.54% year−1 (1978–92), with a mean of 0.39% year−1. Gaps generally expanded and became connected to each other. 5 Temporal variation in gap formation and closure might be correlated with the frequency and severity of typhoon disturbances but, if the observed trends continue, this old‐growth beech stand may become an open stand. The long‐term dynamics of this forest type appear to be far from equilibrium.
Biology, Behavior, and Resources of Resident and Anadromous Fish in the

PREFACE This document is the final report of research for a project funded by the City of Portland (COP) and conducted by the Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife (ODFW). The general objective was to evaluate aquatic habitat and biotic communities in the lower Willamette River, and provide guidance for protecting species of threatened and endangered salmonids. Our report includes five research papers that describe how we addressed project hypotheses and objectives, how we reached our conclusions, and why we made our recommendations. The papers are listed and numbered in the Table of Contents, and the numbers are used to reference each paper in the Summary. The Summary integrates the results, conclusions, and recommendations, and provides the best overall picture of the status of aquatic resources in the lower Willamette River. The recommendations presented here were developed by the principal investigators, and will not necessarily be adopted as policies or guidelines by the Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife.
A further contribution to the taxonomy of the genus Tubificoides Lastockin (Oligochaeta: Tubificidae)

The species of the genus Tubificoides with hair setae and with at least some bifid setae as opposed to pectinate setae in the dorsal bundles are reviewed. Tubificoides insularis (Stephenson) is removed from synonymy with T. benedii (d'Udekem), and T. apectinatus (Brinkhurst) is divided into that species and two new species, Tubificoides pseudapectinatus and T. parapectinatus. Four other new species are described, T. imajimai, T. swirencoides, T. scoticus, and T. bakeri. Three other taxa are described but not named because of lack of adequate material. Tubificoides amplivasatus (Erseus) is reported from Scotland. Nearly all Tubificoides species have more limited distributions than were apparent when the genus was expanded by Brinkhurst and Baker (1979. Can. J. Zool. 57: 1553–1569).
Changes in the diet of the Australasian gannet (Morus serrator) in response to the 1998 mortality of pilchards (Sardinops sagax)

The diet of Australasian gannets (Morus serrator) breeding in Port Phillip Bay was investigated before and after a mass mortality of pilchards (Sardinops sagax) in southern Australian waters in 1998. Gannets usually feed on inshore pelagic schooling fish, such as pilchards and barracouta (Thyrsites atun), and to a lesser extent on other species. Pilchards represented ~60% of the gannet diet examined before the spread of pilchard deaths into Victorian waters, but this component declined to 5% following the mortality event. This reduction was compensated by a substantial increase in the amount of barracouta taken, supporting the view that the gannet is a flexible forager. However, the 1998 mortality of pilchards is likely to have wider implications since pilchards are an important prey for other piscivorous fish, seabirds and marine mammals.