Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The mechanism of oxidation of fullerenes with molecular oxygen

The novel allotrope of carbon, fullerene is a molecular analogue to the other form of sp hybridised carbon, graphite. In our general attempt to understand the carbon-oxygen reaction at an atomic level we use fullerenes as reference compounds in oxidation studies as they will not exhibit influences of electronic defects on the reactivity. The van der Waals crystals of C{sub 60} and of C{sub 70} can be prepared by slow sublimation with single crystalline quality and in absence of any detectable phase impurity due to the molecular separation procedures for the sublimation precursors. It is equally convenient to work on thin films of fullerenes on e.g. silicon (100) surfaces, on large single crystals and on sublimed powder. Solid fullerenes are air-sensitive materials. They degrade quickly within minutes into a stage of reduced solubility and become eventually fully polymerized upon air/sunlight exposure at 300 K. This property is reminiscent on coal degradation, a process in which a variety of gases are released at low rates. We first investigate this initial step of reactivity of fullerenes with air using temperature-programmed methods.
Applying Conservation of Energy to Estimate Earthquake Frequencies from Strain Rates and Stresses

Estimating earthquake occurrence rates from the accumulation rate of seismic moment is an established tool of seismic hazard analysis. We propose an alternative, fault‐agnostic approach based on the conservation of energy: the Energy‐Conserving Seismicity Framework (ENCOS). Working in energy space has the advantage that the radiated energy is a better predictor of the damage potential of earthquake waves than the seismic moment release. In a region, ENCOS balances the stationary power available to cause earthquakes with the long‐term seismic energy release represented by the energy‐frequency distribution's first moment. Accumulation and release are connected through the average seismic efficiency, by which we mean the fraction of released energy that is converted into seismic waves. Besides measuring earthquakes in energy, ENCOS differs from moment balance essentially in that the energy accumulation rate depends on the total stress in addition to the strain rate tensor. To validate ENCOS, we exemplarily model the energy‐frequency distribution around Southern California. We estimate the energy accumulation rate due to tectonic loading assuming poroelasticity and hydrostasis. Using data from the World Stress Map and assuming the frictional limit to estimate the stress tensor, we obtain a power of 0.8 GW. The uncertainty range, 0.3–2.0 GW, originates mainly from the thickness of the seismogenic crust, the friction coefficient on preexisting faults, and models of Global Positioning System (GPS) derived strain rates. Based on a Gutenberg‐Richter magnitude‐frequency distribution, this power can be distributed over a range of energies consistent with historical earthquake rates and reasonable bounds on the seismic efficiency.
Beyond the Basics: Adapting an Open Textbook to Accommodate a Flipped Class

Through a collaborative effort between an instructional design team and the Biology Department at the University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa, the OpenStax Biology 2e open, online textbook was modified with new features to improve student engagement and learning outcomes. This study investigated students’ perceptions of the customized textbook. A survey of 22 questions was completed by 446 students using the textbook as a part of an introductory Biology course. Changes made to the textbook were well received by the majority of students and suggestions were made for improvements. Current and future revisions to the textbook are discussed.
Effect of different storage condition on quality and shelf life of sapota (Manilkara achras) fruits

Sapota fruits are subjected to different storage temperature (cold [8°C] and ambient conditions) and chemicals (Potassium permanganate absorbent and salicylic acid) at different concentration to maintain the quality of fruits. The fruits were dipped in 1.5 mM of salicylic acid and KMnO4 then packed in CFB boxes and stored at cold and ambient condition evaluated for their effect on fruit quality. The change of chemical constituents was found to be slower in fruit stored at 8C as compared to control. The minimum PLW (13.78%), respiration rate (54.81 ml CO2 kg-1 h -1), maximum firmness (73.21 N) and minimum PG enzyme activity (46.97 μg -galatouronic acid-FW g h-) was recorded in C1M3 (8°C + KMnO4 in CFB box) followed by C1M2 (8°C + salicylic acid) interactions and then concluded that fruits kept in CFB boxes with KMnO4 stored at 8°C could prolong the shelf life of sapota.
Correlation coefficient studies in Knol-Khol (Brassica oleracea var. gongylodes) cv. White Vienna under Srinagar Garhwal Valley

An experiment was carried out at Horticultural Research Centre, H.N.B. Garhwal University, Chauras Campus (Uttarakhand), India during winter season, 2016-2017 with knol-khol cv. White Vienna to study the correlation coefficient between various traits. Association of yield with other characters revealed that, the knob yield per plot was highly positively significant correlation with fresh weight of knob, whole plant weight, fresh weight of leaves, plant height at harvest, knob length, Knob diameter, dry weight of leaves and days taken to complete harvest at both genotypic and phenotypic levels, where as significantly negative correlation at genotypic and phenotypic levels was observed in days taken to knob initiation. However, the association among yield components had found that the plant height at harvest showed significantly positive correlation with knob diameter, knob length, fresh weight of knob, fresh weight of leaves, whole plant weight, dry weight of leaves and dry weight of knob. The days taken to knob initiation showed highly significant positive correlation at genotypic and phenotypic levels with days taken to first harvest only, whereas knob diameter, knob length and dry weight of leaves showed negatively significant correlation with days taken to knob imitation at genotypic and phenotypic levels. The days taken to complete harvest showed positive correlation at genotypic and phenotypic levels with Knob diameter, knob length, fresh weight of knob, fresh weight of leaves and dry weight of knob. The Fresh weight of knob showed positive significant correlation at phenotypic and genotypic levels with fresh weight of leaves, whole plant weight and dry weight of leaves.
Antioxidant and Antidiabetic Potential of Saponin Fraction Isolated from Moringa oleifera Leaves

To assess total phenolic contents, total flavonoid contents (TPC, TFC), DPPH scavenging and antidiabetic (antiglycation and alpha amylase hindrance) activities of Moringa oleifera (MO) leaves, bio- assay guided fractionation was used with thin layer chromatography profile to isolate saponin fraction (SF). The TPC and TFC were 9.7-12.8 GAE and 5.3-9.3 CE (g/100 g dry weight), respectively and aqueous and methanol fractions were more effective. DPPH scavenging activity ranged 69.5-83.1%. SF displayed noteworthy antioxidant ability (p<0.046) and it was leading inhibitor of glycation (p<0.041) after MeOH with 48.1% restriction. Enzyme inhibition by MO fractions was negligible (3.4-9.2%) and it was less impressive by SF as compared to MeOH extract. Percent reduction in enzyme activity by SF was non- significant (p>0.198), nullifying its concentration dependent impact.
An Experimental Study of a Carbon-Phenolic Ablation Material.

Abstract : The experimental results from a ground-test program are presented for a carbon-phenolic heat-shield material designated Narmco 4028. The tests were conducted in supersonic streams of air, nitrogen, and air-nitrogen mixtures at model stagnation pressures from 0.07 to 11 atmospheres (1 atmosphere equals 101.325 kN/m2) and stagnation enthalpies from 1100 to 11000 Btu/lbm (2.55 to 25.50 MJ/kg). Mechanical char removal of the material did not occur in the nitrogen tests but did occur in air and air-nitrogen mixtures at pressures as low as 2.4 atmospheres depending upon the oxygen mass fraction in the stream. The experimental results were compared with predictions from an ablation computer program.
Genetic recombination in fast-spreading coxsackievirus A6 variants: a potential role in evolution and pathogenicity

Abstract Hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) is a common global epidemic. From 2008 onwards, many HFMD outbreaks caused by coxsackievirus A6 (CV-A6) have been reported worldwide. Since 2013, with a dramatically increasing number of CV-A6-related HFMD cases, CV-A6 has become the predominant HFMD pathogen in mainland China. Phylogenetic analysis based on the VP1 capsid gene revealed that subtype D3 dominated the CV-A6 outbreaks. Here, we performed a large-scale (near) full-length genetic analysis of global and Chinese CV-A6 variants, including 158 newly sequenced samples collected extensively in mainland China between 2010 and 2018. During the global transmission of subtype D3 of CV-A6, the noncapsid gene continued recombining, giving rise to a series of viable recombinant hybrids designated evolutionary lineages, and each lineage displayed internal consistency in both genetic and epidemiological features. The emergence of lineage –A since 2005 has triggered CV-A6 outbreaks worldwide, with a rate of evolution estimated at 4.17 × 10−3 substitutions site-1 year−1 based on a large number of monophyletic open reading frame sequences, and created a series of lineages chronologically through varied noncapsid recombination events. In mainland China, lineage –A has generated another two novel widespread lineages (–J and –L) through recombination within the enterovirus A gene pool, with robust estimates of occurrence time. Lineage –A, –J, and –L infections presented dissimilar clinical manifestations, indicating that the conservation of the CV-A6 capsid gene resulted in high transmissibility, but the lineage-specific noncapsid gene might influence pathogenicity. Potentially important amino acid substitutions were further predicted among CV-A6 variants. The evolutionary phenomenon of noncapsid polymorphism within the same subtype observed in CV-A6 was uncommon in other leading HFMD pathogens; such frequent recombination happened in fast-spreading CV-A6, indicating that the recovery of deleterious genomes may still be ongoing within CV-A6 quasispecies. CV-A6-related HFMD outbreaks have caused a significant public health burden and pose a great threat to children’s health; therefore, further surveillance is greatly needed to understand the full genetic diversity of CV-A6 in mainland China.
Effect of vessel sealant for open ovariohysterectomy in bitches with pyometra

The study was carried out to find the effect of bipolar electrothermal vessel sealant device on surgical time, blood loss and intraoperative complication during open ovariohysterectomy of pyometra affected bitches. The present study results showed, mean surgical time (minutes) for haemostasis of left and right ovarian pedicle was 02:44±00:27, 02:18±00:27 with bipolar Vessel sealant device and 4:41±00:40, 05:06 ± 00:51 with conventional suture ligation respectively. The mean blood loss from the ovarian pedicle in milliliter was 2.008±0.152 with suture ligation and 0.000 with EBVS without any complication. Based on this study reports we conclude that electrothermal bipolar vessel sealant device was effective and safe with reduced the surgical time and blood loss without any complication.
Interface Controlled Secondary Structure Changes of the Fibril Forming Peptides B18 and b Amyloid

Protein misfolding and aggregation are currently being subject of intensive studies. This interest is mainly motivated by the sharp increase in the occurrence of genetic and sporadic amyloidosis and the outbreak of the bovine spongiform encephalopathy, an infectious protein-misfolding disease. These diseases are characterized by a progressive transition from correctly folded proteins (usually in α-helix or random coil structure) into an aggregated state rich in β -sheet structure (amyloid fibrils). The reasons for the conversion of normal proteins into pathological aggregates are still not completely understood. However, it is known that the increase of physiological protein concentration underlies the in vivo aggregation process. Moreover, strategies for the treatment of protein misfolding diseases must involve either stabilization of the fibril precursors, or inhibition of aggregation into the cross-β core structure, common to amyloid fibrils, in view of the exceptional stability of the aggregates. In this work the interaction of B18 and amyloid β -peptide with modified surfaces was characterized. In addition, the conformation of the two peptides in the presence of amphiphiles and in the presence of newly synthesized nanoparticles was determined. B18 peptide is a sequence of the sea urchin protein bindin, which is a protein involved in the fertilization process. Amyloid β -peptide results from the proteolytic cleavage of the transmembranar amyloid precursor protein, and is the main constituent of the neuritic plaques found in Alzheimer’s disease. Both peptides show high propensity for aggregation in amyloid fibrils. The degree of adsorption of B18 and amyloid β -peptide was studied by reflectometry techniques and by atomic force microscopy. Strong peptide affinity for surfaces may be a reason for the local increase in peptide concentration, leading then to aggregation. B18 and amyloid β -peptide were found to adsorb on hydrophobic surfaces and on films with charge opposite to that of the net peptide. The peptides showed higher affinity for hydrophobic surfaces which constitute a potential location for peptide accumulation and fibril formation. The interaction of B18 and amyloid β -peptide with (i) nonionic, (ii) cationic and (iii) anionic—hydrogenated and perfluorinated—amphiphiles was characterized by circular dichroism spectroscopy. A transition from random coil to α-helix structure was observed for B18 in the presence of charged amphiphiles, in monomeric or micellar state. In the
Artist or Crafts(wo)man

Are orchestral musicians artists or crafts(wo)men? This article offers a principal discussion of the concepts of artist and crafts(wo)man, as well as the relation between these concepts, from a philosophical point of view. We discuss the concept of ‘the crafts(wo)man’ based on Richard Sennett’s discussions of this concept, in which Hannah Arendt’s thinking plays an important role. Then, we turn our attention to Aristotle’s distinction between poiesis and praxis, as well as his concept of techne, as discussed by Martin Heidegger, and Plato’s discussion of inspiration as a basic fundament for artistic performance. Next, we address Walter Benjamin’s discussion on artwork in an age of technological reproducibility, and we draw lines between characteristic aspects in Sennett’s argument and the tension between professional thinking and the philosophy of art. This article is part of the ongoing project, Discourses of Academization and the Music Profession in Higher Music Education (DAPHME), conducted by a team of senior researchers in Sweden, Norway and Germany and founded by the Swedish Riksbank. The overall purpose of DAPHME is to investigate how processes of academisation affect students at institutes of higher music education in Europe, especially the education of orchestral musicians of the Western classical tradition.
Effect of Magnetized Water and NPK Fertilization Treatments on Growth and Field Performance of Gladiolus

The current investigation was carried out at Vegetables Research Station of Olericulture and Floriculture Dept., Faculty Agric. , Mansoura Univ., Egypt, during the season of 2018 and 2019, to study the effect of irrigation water type (magnetized and non-magnetized water), four inorganic NPK fertilizer rates (50, 75, 100 and 125 kg/fed) and their interactions on growth and field performance of gladiolus plant spikes and corms (cv. Rose Supreme) cultured under the conditions of silty loam soil with developed furrow irrigation system. The experiment was laid out as strip-plot design with three replicates. The obtained data of this study obviously indicated that, all tested parameters such as vegetative growth characters (shoots and leaves number/plant, .), leaves chemical composition (N, P, K, .), flowering characteristics (spike number, length and fresh weight, .) and corm yield and its components (corm number, fresh weight and diameter, .) had significantly been influenced with irrigation water type, NPK fertilizer rates and their interaction. Regarding the effect of irrigation water type, the magnetized water gave the maximum values for most forecited parameters, except vegetative growth parameters, characters of spike number and fresh weight and corm diameter as compared with the non-magnetized one. Concerning the impact of NPK fertilizer rate, the rate of 125 kg fed recorded significant values for all mentioned parameters compared with 50 kg fed of fertilizer rate. Respecting the influence of interaction treatments, the combination treatment between magnetized water and NPK fertilizer rate at 125 kg fed had significant effects on all aforementioned studied parameters as compared with interaction treatment between non-magnetized water and 50 kg fed of fertilizer rate, therefore, it could be recommended that this interaction treatment is the best one for obtaining high characters of gladiolus growth and field performance of plants under similar research conditions.
Transition to university: contributions of a specialist mathematics school

School-university transition in mathematics is of global concern, with multiple cognitive, social and affective disjunctures evidenced. Access to, successful participation in and retention on, competitive mathematically intensive degree courses remain particular challenges in England, especially for disadvantaged young people with high mathematical aptitude. One response has been to establish mathematics specialist schools aimed at such students aged 16–18. Early cohorts have achieved encouraging progression to and through such university courses, but more qualitative and longitudinal outcomes have been less well evidenced. The reported study harnessed a student lens and documentary scrutiny to analyse the contribution to building for successful transition of the particular approaches used. Data suggest that the model adopted has initially supported transition to target degree courses well. I relate the findings to known transition challenges in the global issue of successful passage into and through university mathematics education. I argue many of those are in principle transferable to other post-16 contexts. The study therefore offers evidence suggesting broadly applicable specific strategies that can begin to address widely problematic disjunctures in transition.
The normal range of separation time of the umbilical cord in Iraqi Newborn

A prospective study was performed on 150 healthy term newborn babies who had been examined in postnatal ward of gynecology and obstetrics department at Al-Mahmodyia general hospital during the period from of April to December 2019. Among the total 150 surveyed cases, 71 cases were males (47%), 79 cases were females (53%). The mean time of umbilical cord separation for the male cases was 8.5 days, whereas that of the female cases was 8.3 days. In the studied newborns, the mean time of umbilical cord separation was 8.4 days, shortest documented time of separation was 4 days (3 cases) while the longest time of separation was 14 days (one case only). Most of the cases; 71 (47.33%) cases had separated the umbilical cord in the time period (>8 to 11 days), whereas the least group separated the UC in the time period (>11 days).
Demography of a wild boar (Sus scrofa L.) population in Tuscany, Italy [life tables]

Nous avons etudie les caracteristiques demographiques d'une population chassee de sangliers sur un territoire de 11 000 ha a Monticiano en Toscane de 1984 a 1991. Les 1244 sangliers preleves ont represente 83 % du tableau de chasse de deux equipes de chasseurs. Grâce a la distribution au hasard des surfaces chassees et aux modes de chasse pratiques l'echantillon recolte etait representatif de la population existante (sauf pour les marcassins de moins de 6 mois). Nous avons determine l'âge, le sexe, le poids et le statut reproducteur des animaux preleves. Soixante-dix pour cent en moyenne des individus de la population etaient âges de moins de 2 ans. Les rapports des sexes des embryons et des marcassins etaient legerement desequilibres en faveur des femelles, et celui des adultes etait desequilibre en faveur des mâles. La taille de la portee etait positivement correlee avec le poids, mais pas avec l'âge. La grande adaptabilite de l'espece aux changements des conditions environnementales a ete confirmee tout le long de l'etude par les variations des parametres demographiques. Les variations de la distribution des naissances, de la taille de la portee, du nombre des ovules fecondes et de la mortalite neo-natale suggerent l'existence de mecanismes efficaces permettant l'adaptation de la population aux conditions externes. Les tables de survie et de reproduction chez le sanglier montrent que l'espece a une strategie de type r, ce qui implique que l'expansion des populations de sangliers en Europe ne peut etre reellement controlee par les modes de chasse traditionnels.
Early–Middle Ordovician Graptolites from the Argentine Puna: Quantitative Paleobiogeographic Analysis Based on a Systematic Revision

Abstract. The updated taxonomic revision of the Early–Middle Ordovician graptolites from the eastern Argentine Puna allows describing Sigmagraptus praecursor, Baltograptus extremus, B. geometricus, B. vacillans, Cymatograptus protobalticus, Expansograptus constrictus, E. pusillus, E. similis, and Corymbograptus v-fractus tullbergi for the first time in this region. The analyzed material was collected from the volcano-sedimentary deposits assigned to the Cochinoca-Escaya Magmatic-Sedimentary Complex and exposed at the Muñayoc and Santa Rosa sections, Jujuy Province. This taxonomic analysis confirms the occurrence of 23 taxa in the studied region, from which S. praecursor, B. extremus, and E. pusillus were not previously documented in South America. Additionally, it contributes to the clarification of the faunal graptolite affinities earlier postulated for Northwestern Argentina. Quantitative paleobiogeographic analyses of clusters and principal coordinates were carried out, including the described species and previous certain graptolite assignations for the Puna region, to quantify its faunal affinities with Baltoscandia, Great Britain, North America, and Southwestern China. Finally, our results are discussed and compared with those formerly obtained in paleobiogeographic analyses based on different fossil groups from Northwestern Argentina.