Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Deep Spectral–Spatial Feature Fusion-Based Multiscale Adaptable Attention Network for Hyperspectral Feature Extraction

Discriminant features captured from hyperspectral images (HSIs) can be used to accurately distinguish on-ground objects and materials for Earth observation. Typically, this process is hampered by inherent channel correlations and sample arrangements in the spectral and spatial domains. Deep learning (DL) networks play substantial roles in capturing discriminant features. However, their performances would be degraded when all information is modeled with equal importance. To tackle the aforementioned problem, we propose a deep spectral–spatial feature fusion-based multiscale adaptable attention network (SF2MSA2N). Our motivation is to strengthen the local considerable segments of spectral–spatial features by dual multiscale adaptable strategies. We aim to promote adequate fusion and collaboration between spectral and spatial features. Dual multiscale adaptable attention mechanisms are proposed to enhance the extraction ability for key informative features. Specifically, the spatialwise attention provides an adaptable weight construction strategy for neighboring regions by unifying two metrics. The spectralwise attention adaptively strengthens the significant spectral channels in local channel segments. Their adaptive multiscale frameworks reduce the effect of imbalanced information. Inspired by the multimodal compact bilinear pooling (MCBP), we design an outer product-based feature fusion strategy and its convolution-based variant for better feature extraction (FE) performance. Multiple experiments conducted on four typical hyperspectral datasets prove that SF2MSA2N is capable to extract better features than several state-of-the-art techniques.
Optical dispersion relations in amorphous semiconductors InSb and GeSe2

The pseudodielectric-function spectra, e(E)=e1(E)+ie2(E), of amorphous (a-) InSb and GeSe2 semiconductors in the 1.5–5.5 eV photon-energy range at room temperature were measured by spectroscopic ellipsometry. The samples studied were prepared by radio frequency planar magnetron sputtering (a-InSb), and by the melt-quenching technique (a-GeSe2). The e2(E) spectra for these semiconductors showed a single broad peak (a-InSb) and a double-peaked structure (a-GeSe2), respectively. The single broad peak found in a-InSb is typically observed in amorphous tetrahedral semiconductors. The double-peaked structure in the e2(E) spectrum of a-GeSe2 closely resembles the a-Se and a-Te spectra and is described by a simple model consisting of two valence bands and a lower conduction band. The experimental e2(E) spectra are analyzed using Jellison-Modine model [Appl. Phys. Lett. 69, 371 (1996)], and excellent agreement is achieved between the calculation and experiment over the entire range of photon energies. Dielectric-r.
Kerr metric in Bondi-Sachs form

A metric representing the Kerr geometry has been obtained by Pretorius and Israel. We make coordinate transformations on this metric, to bring it into Bondi-Sachs form. We investigate the behavior of the metric near the axis of symmetry and confirm elementary flatness, and we also confirm that it is asymptotic to the Bondi-Sachs form of the Schwarzschild geometry. The results obtained here are needed so that numerical relativity codes based on the characteristic formalism can be applied to a situation that contains a rotating black hole.
MSR-DoS: Modular Square Root-Based Scheme to Resist Denial of Service (DoS) Attacks in 5G-Enabled Vehicular Networks

Traffic safety and efficiency are extremely significant in both private and public transportation. The fifth-generation (5G)-enabled vehicular networks works wirelessly to share information among vehicles for helping drivers and passengers. Since the vehicle broadcasts the traffic status messages, privacy and security are considered as a challenging issue in 5G-enabled vehicular networks. In order to satisfy these privacy and security requirements, many privacy-preserving and security attacks schemes have been proposed. Nevertheless, since these schemes use a complex elliptic curve and bilinear pair cryptography operations, the performance efficiency of in terms of communication and computational costs is not satisfactory, which denial of service (DoS) attacks occurs. To address this, this paper proposes modular square root-based to resist denial of service (DoS) attacks (MSR-DoS) scheme in 5G-enabled vehicular networks. Our MSR-DoS scheme satisfies authenticity of source, integrity of message, pseudonym privacy-preserving, unlinkable, traceable and revocable in vehicular networks. The security of our work is proved under burrows abadi needham (BAN) logic. The performance analysis and comparison shows that MSR-DoS scheme has less communication and computational costs as compared to the most recent existing works. Meanwhile, the proposed MSR-DoS scheme reduces the computation overhead of signing the message and verifying the message by 99.80% and 98.55%, respectively.
Quantized zero-bias conductance plateau in semiconductor-superconductor heterostructures without topological Majorana zero modes

We show that partially separated Andreev bound states (ps-ABSs), comprised of pairs of overlapping Majorana bound states (MBSs) emerging in quantum dot-semiconductor-superconductor heterostructures, produce robust zero bias conductance plateaus in end-of-wire charge tunneling experiments. These plateaus remain quantized at $2e^2/h$ over large ranges of experimental control parameters. In light of recent experiments reporting the observation of robust $2e^2/h$-quantized conductance plateaus in local charge tunneling experiments, we perform extensive numerical calculations to explicitly show that such quantized conductance plateaus, which are obtained by varying control parameters such as the tunnel barrier height, the super gate potential, and the applied magnetic field, can arise as a result of the existence of ps-ABSs. Because ps-ABSs can form rather generically in the topologically trivial regime, even in the absence of disorder, our results suggest that the observation of a robust quantized conductance plateau does not represent sufficient evidence to demonstrate the existence of non-Abelian topologically-protected Majorana zero modes localized at the opposite ends of a wire.
Spontaneous microcavity-polariton coherence across the parametric threshold: Quantum Monte Carlo studies

We investigate the appearance of spontaneous coherence in the parametric emission from planar semiconductor microcavities in the strong coupling regime. Calculations are performed by means of a Quantum Monte Carlo technique based on the Wigner representation of the coupled exciton and cavity-photon fields. The numerical results are interpreted in terms of a non-equilibrium phase transition occurring at the parametric oscillation threshold: below the threshold, the signal emission is incoherent, and both the first and the second-order coherence functions have a finite correlation length which becomes macroscopic as the threshold is approached. Above the threshold, the emission is instead phase-coherent over the whole two-dimensional sample and intensity fluctuations are suppressed. Similar calculations for quasi-one-dimensional microcavities show that in this case the phase-coherence of the signal emission has a finite extension even above the threshold, while intensity fluctuations are suppressed.
A review on ecology, biology, and management of a detrimental pest, Tuta absoluta (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae)

Insect pests are the forcing barrier for crop production worldwide. Of those insects, lepidopteran forms a major group of pests damaging from larval, pupal to adult stages. A leaf-mining insect i.e., Tuta absoluta of the lepidopteran group is a serious pest of tomato throughout the globe. The widespread outreach resulting from this challenging pest posed a great threat in every habituated continent recently. The extensive infestations fortified by feeding grubs on tomato and other Solanaceous crops have unprecedented economic losses of the yield. Due to the entophytic nature of the pest, it makes growers difficult to manage the tomato leaf miner pest. So, every approach is to be foreseen to manipulate the pest environment not favoring them for survival, multiplication, and growth. Thence, a complete package of useful tactics including physical, biological, mechanical, biotechnical, botanical, and chemical measures are fruitful to harness the real impact of pest management. The best control strategies are accessed and complied herein considering the actual know-how on the nature of pests and effective mitigating measures to assure the crops in this review paper.
Formation of Terrestrial Planets from Protoplanets. II. Statistics of Planetary Spin

The final stage of terrestrial planet formation is known as the giant impact stage, where protoplanets collide with one another to form planets. The initial spin state of terrestrial planets is determined at this stage. We statistically investigate the spin parameters of terrestrial planets assembled from protoplanets using N-body simulations. As initial conditions, we adopt the oligarchic growth model of protoplanets. For the standard disk model, typically two Earth-sized planets form in the terrestrial planet region. We find that the spin angular velocity of the planets is well expressed by a Gaussian distribution, and their obliquity is well expressed by an isotropic distribution. The typical spin angular velocity is given by the critical spin angular velocity for rotational instability under the assumption of perfect accretion in collisions. We show the dependencies of the spin parameters on the initial protoplanet system parameters. The initial orbital separation and velocity anisotropy of protoplanets barely affect the spin parameters. The bulk density of protoplanets does not affect the obliquity distribution, while the spin angular velocity increases with the bulk density.
Evolution of Photospheric Vector Magnetic Field Associated with Moving Flare Ribbons as Seen by GST

The photospheric response to solar flares, also known as coronal back reaction, is often observed as sudden flare-induced changes in the vector magnetic field and sunspot motions. However, it remains obscure whether evolving flare ribbons, the flare signature closest to the photosphere, are accompanied by changes in vector magnetic field therein. Here we explore the relationship between the dynamics of flare ribbons in the chromosphere and variations of magnetic fields in the underlying photosphere, using high-resolution off-band Hα images and near-infrared vector magnetograms of the M6.5 flare on 2015 June 22 observed with the 1.6 m Goode Solar Telescope. We find that changes of photospheric fields occur at the arrival of the flare ribbon front, thus propagating analogously to flare ribbons. In general, the horizontal field increases and the field lines become more inclined to the surface. When ribbons sweep through regions that undergo a rotational motion, the fields transiently become more vertical with decreased horizontal field and inclination angle, and then restore and/or become more horizontal than before the ribbon arrival. The ribbon propagation decelerates near the sunspot rotation center, where the vertical field becomes permanently enhanced. Similar magnetic field changes are discernible in magnetograms from the Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager (HMI), and an inward collapse of coronal magnetic fields is inferred from the time sequence of nonlinear force-free field models extrapolated from HMI magnetograms. We conclude that photospheric fields respond nearly instantaneously to magnetic reconnection in the corona.
Complicated Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy of Complete Ventricular Atrio Block: About a Case in a 42-Year-Old Patient

Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy (MHC) complicated atrioventricular block (AVM) is very rare. The clinical case we report in-volves a 42-year-old patient with a family history of MHC who experienced syncope of effort. The Electrocardiogram (ECG) shows a complete ventricular atrio block. The biological assessment in search of a metabolic or infectious cause of THE BAV is without particularity. Echocardiography revealed a predominant asymmetric hypertrophy to the septal wall without obstruction of the left ventricle. The management consisted of an implementation of a pacemaker with a good evolution. The treatment of MHC is based on the prevention of sudden death by the Implant Automatic Defibrillator (ICD).
On the choice of variable for atmospheric moisture analysis

The implications of using different control variables for the analysis of moisture observations in a global atmospheric data assimilation system are investigated. A moisture analysis based on either mixing ratio or specific humidity is prone to large extrapolation errors, due to the high variability in space and time of these parameters and to the difficulties in modeling their error covariances. Using the logarithm of specific humidity does not alleviate these problems, and has the further disadvantage that very dry background estimates cannot be effectively corrected by observations. Relative humidity is a better choice from a statistical point of view, because this field is spatially and temporally more coherent and error statistics are therefore easier to obtain. If, however, the analysis is designed to preserve relative humidity in the absence of moisture observations, then the analyzed specific humidity field depends entirely on analyzed temperature changes. If the model has a cool bias in the stratosphere this will lead to an unstable accumulation of excess moisture there. A pseudo-relative humidity can be defined by scaling the mixing ratio by the background saturation mixing ratio. A univariate pseudo-relative humidity analysis will preserve the specific humidity field in the absence of moisture observations. A pseudo-relative humidity analysis is shown to be equivalent to a mixing ratio analysis with flow-dependent covariances. In the presence of multivariate (temperature-moisture) observations it produces analyzed relative humidity values that are nearly identical to those produced by a
The ALMA View of GMCs in NGC 300: Physical Properties and Scaling Relations at 10 pc Resolution

We have conducted a 12CO(2–1) survey of several molecular gas complexes in the vicinity of H ii regions within the spiral galaxy NGC 300 using the Atacama Large Millimeter Array (ALMA). Our observations attain a resolution of 10 pc and 1 , sufficient to fully resolve giant molecular clouds (GMCs) and the highest obtained to date beyond the Local Group. We use the CPROPS algorithm to identify and characterize 250 GMCs across the observed regions. GMCs in NGC 300 appear qualitatively and quantitatively similar to those in the Milky Way disk: they show an identical scaling relationship between size R and linewidth ΔV (ΔV ∝ R0.48±0.05), appear to be mostly in virial equilibrium, and are consistent with having a constant surface density of about 60 pc−2. The GMC mass spectrum is similar to those in the inner disks of spiral galaxies (including the Milky Way). Our results suggest that global galactic properties such as total stellar mass, morphology, and average metallicity may not play a major role in setting GMC properties, at least within the disks of galaxies on the star-forming main sequence. Instead, GMC properties may be more strongly influenced by local environmental factors such as the midplane disk pressure. In particular, in the inner disk of NGC 300, we find this pressure to be similar to that in the local Milky Way but markedly lower than that in the disk of M51, where GMCs are characterized by systematically higher surface densities and a higher coefficient for the size–linewidth relation.
On the use of the semiclassical approximation for the calculation of oscillator strengths and photoionization cross sections

The semiclassical formula for the radial integrals of bound-bound dipole transitions derived in a previous paper is modified for obtaining more accurate estimates and extending to bound-free transitions. The possibility of these is due to the special definition of the mean value of energy generalizing that of the previous paper. It is shown that the definition is optimal in the sense of the best agreement between semiclassical and exact quantum mechanical results in a limiting case. Matching with the corresponding expression for free-free transitions is also obtained. Good agreement with experiment and more accurate calculations is found.
PROPAGATION IN A WAVEGUIDE WITH GLIDE REFLECTION SYMMETRY.

An exact formulation of the boundary value problem for an infinite lossless iris-loaded periodic wave guide with glide reflection symmetry has been obtained for TM wave propagation. The characteristic equation for the fundamental propagation constant β0 is solved for real as well as complex roots. The solutions are plotted in the form of k–β diagrams. The effect of variation of certain parameters is studied. On the basis of the periodicity of the solutions for β0 it is demonstrated that the effective period of this structure is half its translation period. A discussion of the k–β plots is presented and some comments on the properties of the complex waves in lossless periodic wave guides are included.
Experimental and Numerical Study on Heat Transfer with Impinging Circular Jet on a Convex Hemispherical Surface

In this paper, the experimental and numerical study has been carried out to investigate the water jet impingement on a convex hemispherical surface. The pressure and skin friction coefficient distributions on the impingement surface were analyzed numerically. A great deal of attention was paid to analyze the effects of the jet impingement exit velocity and the nozzle-to-surface distance on the heat transfer characteristics. A comparison of the heat transfer coefficient was performed between the jet impingement on the convex surface and the flat plate. The results show that the Nusselt number for the convex surface is higher than that for the flat surface. The local Nusselt number is decreased monotonically from its maximum value at the stagnation point for lower Reynolds numbers. A secondary maxima occurs for higher Reynolds numbers. The experiment and simulation were performed with the following parameters: the jet impingement Reynolds number of Re = 1947–19478, and the nozzle-to-surface distance of L/D = 2.5–25.
A Proposal for measuring Anisotropic Shear Viscosity in Unitary Fermi Gases

We present a proposal to measure anisotropic shear viscosity in a strongly interacting, ultra-cold, unitary Fermi gas confined in a harmonic trap. We introduce anisotropy in this setup by strongly confining the gas in one of the directions with relatively weak confinement in the remaining directions. This system has a close resemblance to anisotropic strongly coupled field theories studied recently in the context of gauge-gravity duality. Computations in such theories (which have gravity duals) revealed that some of the viscosity components of the anisotropic shear viscosity tensor can be made much smaller than the entropy density, thus parametrically violating the bound proposed by Kovtun, Son and Starinets (KSS): $\frac {\eta} {s} \geq \frac{1}{4 \pi}$. A Boltzmann analysis performed in a system of weakly interacting particles in a linear potential also shows that components of the viscosity tensor can be reduced. Motivated by these exciting results, we propose two hydrodynamic modes in the unitary Fermi gas whose damping is governed by the component of shear viscosity expected to violate the KSS bound. One of these modes is the well known scissor mode. We estimate trap parameters for which the reduction in the shear viscosity is of order unity and find that the trap geometry, the damping timescales, and mode amplitudes are within the range of existing experimental setups on ultra-cold Fermi gases.
GLOBAL MINIMIZER OF THE GROUND STATE FOR TWO PHASE CONDUCTORS IN LOW CONTRAST REGIME

The problem of distributing two conducting materials with a prescribed volume ratio in a ball so as to minimize the first eigenvalue of an elliptic operator with Dirichlet conditions is considered in two and three dimensions. The gap e between the two conductivities is assumed to be small (low contrast regime). The main result of the paper is to show, using asymptotic expansions with respect to e and to small geometric perturbations of the optimal shape, that the global minimum of the first eigenvalue in low contrast regime is either a centered ball or the union of a centered ball and of a centered ring touching the boundary, depending on the prescribed volume ratio between the two materials.
Study of $B_c$ decays into charmonia and $D$ mesons

In the wake of recent measurements of the decays $B_c^+\to J/\psi D^+_s$ and $B_c^+\to J/\psi D^{\ast\,+}_s$ performed by the LHCb and ATLAS Collaborations, we recalculate their branching fractions in the framework of the covariant confined quark model. We compare the obtained results with available experimental data, our previous findings and numbers from other approaches.
Mass Reconstruction with Cosmic Microwave Background Polarization

Weak gravitational lensing by the intervening large-scale structure of the universe induces high-order correlations in the cosmic microwave background temperature and polarization fields. We construct minimum variance estimators of the intervening mass distribution out of the six quadratic combinations of the temperature and polarization fields. Polarization begins to assist in the reconstruction when E-mode mapping becomes possible on degree-scale fields, i.e., for an experiment with a noise level of ~40 μK arcmin and beam of ~7', similar to the Planck experiment; surpasses the temperature reconstruction at ~26 μK arcmin and 4'; and yet continues to improve the reconstruction until the lensing B-modes are mapped to l ~ 2000 at ~0.3 μK arcmin and 3'. Ultimately, the correlation between the E- and B-modes can provide a high signal-to-noise ratio mass map out to multipoles of L ~ 1000, extending the range of temperature-based estimators by nearly an order of magnitude. We outline four applications of mass reconstruction: measurement of the linear power spectrum in projection to the cosmic variance limit out to L ~ 1000 (or wavenumbers 0.002 ≲ k ≲ 0.2 in h Mpc-1), cross-correlation with cosmic shear surveys to probe the evolution of structure tomographically, cross-correlation of the mass and temperature maps to probe the dark energy, and the separation of lensing and gravitational wave B-modes.
Contrast and Island Sensitivity in Clausal Ellipsis

This paper offers a comprehensive and uniform theory of island repair in clausal ellipsis (sluicing and fragments). We show that the correct generalization defines the repairing and the nonrepairing types of TP ellipsis in terms of contrastivity: TP ellipsis with contrastive remnants does not repair islands, whereas TP ellipsis with noncontrastive remnants does. Contrary to the influential account of Merchant (2004), we base our explanation for the island sensitivity of contrastive fragments entirely on the notion of Parallelism. The island insensitivity of noncontrastive remnants, on the other hand, follows from the island node being deleted at PF. With this we simplify the theory of islands, and, by treating the different types of clausal ellipsis on a par, we move away from the construction-specific study of ellipsis that has characterized syntactic theorizing for the last forty years.