Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Convolutional Neural Network for Breast and Thyroid Nodules Diagnosis in Ultrasound Imaging

Objective The incidence of superficial organ diseases has increased rapidly in recent years. New methods such as computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) are widely used to improve diagnostic efficiency. Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) are one of the most popular methods, and further improvements of CNNs should be considered. This paper aims to develop a multiorgan CAD system based on CNNs for classifying both thyroid and breast nodules and investigate the impact of this system on the diagnostic efficiency of different preprocessing approaches. Methods The training and validation sets comprised randomly selected thyroid and breast nodule images. The data were subgrouped into 4 models according to the different preprocessing methods (depending on segmentation and the classification method). A prospective data set was selected to verify the clinical value of the CNN model by comparison with ultrasound guidelines. Diagnostic efficiency was assessed based on receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. Results Among the 4 models, the CNN model using segmented images for classification achieved the best result. For the validation set, the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), accuracy, and area under the curve (AUC) of our CNN model were 84.9%, 69.0%, 62.5%, 88.2%, 75.0%, and 0.769, respectively. There was no statistically significant difference between the CNN model and the ultrasound guidelines. The combination of the two methods achieved superior diagnostic efficiency compared with their use individually. Conclusions The study demonstrates the probability, feasibility, and clinical value of CAD in the ultrasound diagnosis of multiple organs. The use of segmented images and classification by the nature of the disease are the main factors responsible for the improvement of the CNN model. Moreover, the combination of the CNN model and ultrasound guidelines results in better diagnostic performance, which will contribute to the improved diagnostic efficiency of CAD systems.
Behind the Nature of Titanium Oxide Excellent Surface Passivation and Carrier Selectivity of c-Si

We present an expanded study of the passivation properties of titanium dioxide (TiO2) on p-type crystalline silicon (c-Si). We report a low surface recombination velocity (16 cm/s) for TiO2 passivation layers with a thin tunnelling oxide interlayer (SiO2 or Al2O3) on p-type crystalline silicon (c-Si). The TiO2 films were deposited by thermal atomic layer deposition (ALD) at temperatures in the range of 80-300 ̊C using titanium tetrachloride (TiCl4) as Ti precursor and water as the oxidant. The influence of TiO2 thickness (5, 10, 20 nm), presence of additional tunneling interlayer (SiO2 or Al2O3), and post-deposition annealing temperature were investigated. We have observed that that SiO2 and Al2O3 interlayers enhance the TiO2 passivation of c-Si. TiO2 thin film passivation layers alone result in lower effective carrier lifetime. Further annealing at 200 ̊C in N2 gas enhances the surface passivation quality of TiO2 tremendously.
Genotype by Environment Interaction for Grain Yield and Association among Stability Parameters in Bread Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

Bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is most important cereal crop in Ethiopia. Lack of genotypes with wide stability across environments has been one of the most important constraints of wheat production in the country. Field experiments were conducted in Halaba and Bule, South Ethiopia, in 2016 and 2017, in order to estimate grain yield stability and association among stability parameters. Fifteen improved bread wheat genotypes were grown under randomized complete block design with three replications. Mean yield for Halaba 2016, Halaba 2017, Bule 2016 and Bule 2017 was 3.83, 1.89, 2.90 and 3.59 tons/ha, respectively. Genotypes Lemu (3.25 tons/ha) and Mandoyu (3.18 tons/ha) had high mean yield, and low values of environmental variance (S2i), coefficient of variation (CVi), stability variance (δ2i), ecovalence (Wi) and deviation from regression (S2di). Genotypes Biqa (3.69 tons/ha) and Shorima (3.66 tons/ha) had high mean yield, coefficient of regression (bi) and coefficient of determination (R2i ≥ 0.94) as well as low values of δ2i, Wi and S2di. Grain yield had positive rank correlation with bi (r = 0.75, p 2i (r = 0.70, p δ2i, Wi and S2di was high (r ≥ 0.98, p , Mandoyu and Hidase, and Biqa and Shorima would be recommended for wide adaption, and for more favorable environments, respectively. It could also be suggested that one of Wi, δ2i, S2di and rank sum would be used for ranking of genotypes.
of Basin and Range extension historyIdaho : Implications for Snake River Plain magmatism and its role in the Geochemistry and geochronology of the Jim Sage volcanic suite , southern

The Jim Sage volcanic suite (JSVS) exposed in the Jim Sage and Cotterel Mountains of southern Idaho (USA) consists of two volcanic members composed of ~240 km3 of Miocene rhyolite lavas separated by an interval of lacustrine sediments. It is capped by rheomorphic ignimbrite and as much as 100 m of basaltic lava fl ows probably derived from the central Snake River Plain (SRP) province to the north. The occurrence of volcanic vents in the JSVS links the lava fl ows to their local eruptive centers, while the adjacent Albion–Raft River–Grouse Creek metamorphic core complex exposes ~3000 km2 of once deep-seated rocks that offer constraints on the composition of the potential crustal sources of these rhyolites. U-Pb zircon ages from the rhyolite lavas of the JSVS range from 9.5 to 8.2 Ma. The Miocene basalt of the Cotterel Mountains has an Sr/Sri composition of 0.7066–0.7075 and εNd(i) = –3.7, and the rhyolite lavas of the JSVS have Sr/Sri = 0.7114–0.7135 and εNd(i) values that range from –6.7 to –7.1. Zircon from the rhyolites of the JSVS range in δOzr (Vienna standard mean ocean water, VSMOW) from –0.5‰ to 5.7‰ and have εHf(i) values ranging from –0.8 to –6.8. Based on geochronology, whole-rock major elements, trace elements, isotopes (Sr and Nd), and in situ zircon O and Hf isotopic compositions, we infer that the JSVS is genetically related to the central SRP province. The eruption of the low-δ18O rhyolites of the JSVS, outside of the main topographic extent of the SRP province (without the large calderas inferred for the SRP rhyolites) implies that there might be an alternative mechanism for the formation of the low-δ18O signature other than the proposed assimilation of hydrothermally altered caldera blocks. One suggestion is that the north to south propagation of SRP-type lowδ18O rhyolitic melt along the Albion fault led to off-axis magmatism. Another possibility is that there was prior and widespread (across a region wider than the SRP) hydrothermal alteration of the crust related to its earlier magmatic and faulting history. The eruption of SRP-type lavas in the hanging wall of an evolving metamorphic core complex helps us outline the role of the SRP magmatic province in the extensional evolution of the northeastern Basin and Range. The lavas of the JSVS imply the addition of basalt, related to the SRP hotspot, to the crust beneath the Raft River Basin that provided a heat source for crustal melting and weakening of the deep crust; this led to a vertical component of crustal fl ow and doming during extension, after the eruption of the 9.5–8.2 Ma JSVS rhyolites. This younger than 8.2 Ma component of vertical motion during faulting of the Miocene stratifi ed sequence of the Raft River Basin and the rotation of the Albion fault to shallower angles collectively resulted in the subhorizontal detachment structure imaged seismically beneath the Raft River Basin.
TRADITIONAL AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE TREATMENTS IN CHILD AND ADOLESCENT MENTAL HEALTH

This publication is intended for professionals training or practicing in mental health and not for the general public. The opinions expressed are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the editors or IACAPAP. This publication seeks to describe the best treatments and practices based on the scientific evidence available at the time of writing as evaluated by the authors and may change as a result of new research. Readers need to apply this knowledge to patients in accordance with the guidelines and laws of their country of practice. Some medications may not be available in some countries and readers should consult the specific drug information since not all dosages and unwanted effects are mentioned. Organizations, publications and websites are cited or linked to illustrate issues or as a source of further information. This does not mean that authors, the Editor or IACAPAP endorse their content or recommendations, which should be critically assessed by the reader. Websites may also change or cease to exist.
THE FORMATION, FATE, AND EFFECTS OF “FLOC” FROM ACID MINE DRAINAGE IN STREAM WATERS

The neutralising process associated with buffering of waters when acid mine drainage (AMD) is mixed with natural waters of higher pH (e.g. pH 7 or above) results in the formation of precipitated material that is described as floc due to its characteristic finely dispersed and fluffy nature. Flocs have high specific surface areas and can promote sorption of heavy metals and other contaminants present in the acid mine drainage. When floc is extracted with solutions of decreasing pH the release of occluded metals will be restricted because of the excess base that is present until completely consumed by the reconstituting acid. Floc materials are demonstrated to be highly stable, and unlikely to remobilize metals in the down gradient streams in the tested pH range down to pH 4. The likely effects of sediment containing floc on species of aquatic biota can be predicted by extraction with 1M hydrochloric acid and comparison of metal concentrations with ANZECC sediment guidelines. A case study involving floc dispersion that showed some guideline values were exceeded for metals in sediment was able to demonstrate that there was no sustained effect downstream of a mine by comparing sediment toxicity with both upstream and downstream sites.
EATING DISORDERS IN PRIMARY CARE

© 2010 Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Health service utilization among adults with eating disorders is high, and hospitalization expenses are on the rise. Among adults with eating disorders, at least half had their disorder first diagnosed by their primary care physicians. Although primary care physicians are in a unique role to diagnose and treat eating disorders, reviews of medical education frequently show a lack of adequate training in their identification and treatment, and hence health care professionals may only detect an eating disorder once substantial medical and psychological consequences have developed. This review discusses the main eating disorders seen in primary care, including anorexia nervosa (AN), bulimia nervosa (BN), binge-eating disorder (BED), night-eating syndrome (NES), and eating disorder not otherwise specified (EDNOS), detailing the signs and symptoms of each of these eating disorders, screening tests Eating disorders, which are associated with a host of adverse medical morbidities, negative psychological sequelae, and considerable reductions in quality of life, should be diagnosed and treated promptly. However, primary care physicians may find it uniquely challenging to detect eating disorders in their early stages, before obvious physical problems arise and while psychological symptoms are subtle. Although psychological symptoms may dominate the presentation, the physician is an integral member of the treatment team and is in a unique role to diagnose and treat eating disorders. This clinical review surveys the eating disorders literature, identified by searching MEdlinE and PubMed for articles published from January 1, 1983, to September 30, 2009, using the following keywords: anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, eating disorders, eating disorders NOS, binge eating, binge eating disorder, and night eating syndrome. This review also focuses on practical issues faced by primary care physicians in the management of these conditions and other issues central to the care of these complex patients with medical and psychiatric comorbid conditions.
Entrepreneurial Interest Among Students in Palembang and Malang in the Digital Era

This research aims to determine the differences in entrepreneurial interest between Palembang and Malang students in the digital era to create employment and reduce unemployment, especially unemployment from college or university graduates. This research is a quantitative study using comparative research. A number of research respondents were 200 students. The selection of respondents was using incidental techniques. The data collection method uses the Likert scale. The data analysis method used was the Independent Sample T-Test technique. Based on the results of the research analysis, it was known 0.000 where (** <0.05), then Ha is accepted, and Ho rejected. It can be concluded that there was a difference in entrepreneurial interest between Palembang and Malang Students in the digital era. For further researchers, it is important to develop other variables and to compare the latest theories on variables to research so that further research can be developed in the future.
Objective Comparison between Platelet Rich Plasma Alone and in Combination with Physical Therapy in Dogs with Osteoarthritis Caused by Hip Dysplasia

Simple Summary Finding successful treatments against osteoarthritis without secondary effects and objectively assessing their effectiveness in dogs is always challenging. In this sense, the aim of this study was to objectively assess the efficacy of platelet rich plasma alone and in combination with physical therapy by using a force platform in dogs with hip osteoarthritis. Dogs receiving only the platelet rich plasma treatment showed a significant improvement in limb function, although the effect decreased after 180 days; in contrast, the combined therapy maintained the maximum level of efficacy throughout the study period. Our study proved that physical therapy does not increase the level of efficacy of platelet rich plasma therapy but objectively contributes to prolonging its effect for more than this time period. Abstract Osteoarthritis (OA) is one of the most significant joint diseases worldwide. There are different therapies for OA treatment, and a relatively new strategy is the use of plasma rich in growth factors (PRGF), a platelet rich plasma (PRP) derivative. The objective of this study was to objectively assess the efficacy and duration of the effect of an intraarticular injection of PRGF and a combination of PRGF + physical therapy. The objective assessment was provided using a force platform. The obtained parameters were peak vertical force (PVF) and vertical impulse (VI). A total of 24 dogs with lameness and pain associated to OA attributable to bilateral hip dysplasia were included in the study. Animals were divided into two study groups and evaluated at baseline and at 30, 90, and 180 days after intraarticular PRGF or PRGF + physical therapy. Significant differences were observed at every checkpoint with respect to basal time in both groups. However, after 180 days, the PRGF group showed a decrease in PVF and VI with respect to the values obtained at 90 days. However, the PRGF + physical therapy group maintained increased values of both PVF and VI values during the 180-day study period.
A Sociological Inquiry into Time Management in Postgraduate Studies by e-Learning in Greece.

This paper presents the findings from a small scale sociological investigation which studied the way mature students manage their time while attending to postgraduate studies by e-learning. Thirty postgraduate students from the University of the Aegean, Greece, were asked to record their daily activities using a semi-structured time-use diary over a period when the demands of the course were at their peak. Follow up interviews with the students were conducted once they handed in their diaries whereby they were asked to reflect on their recorded activities. Two groups of students have emerged from analysing the diaries as having distinctive patterns of time usage; namely, married women with children and married men and single individuals. Policy implications are discussed, as the disparities in the experience of attending to e-learning programmes while at home constitute a severe source of resistance to the stated aim of elearning programmes, which is to overcome social and geographical marginalisation.
The In-Situ Quantification of Structural Radiation Damage in Zircon Using Laser-Induced Confocal Photoluminescence Spectroscopy

We present a new methodology for laser-induced steady-state photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy of Dy3+ that aims at a direct quantification of the amorphous fraction fa present in zircon (ZrSiO4), which undergoes a transition from a crystalline to a metamict state due to cumulative self-irradiation damage caused by the radioactive decay of substituted U and Th. Using state-of-the-art confocal spectrometers attached to optical microscopes, measurements may be performed non-destructively on the micrometre length-scale with the option to visualize radiation-damage patterns as revealed by hyperspectral PL maps. Zircon from the Ratnapura district (Sri Lanka, ~520 Ma), was used as reference material to substantiate the applicability of the proposed method. The accumulation of radiation damage in this material was investigated in detail and obtained fa values correlate with calculated α-doses in accordance to the direct impact model reported variously in the literature. The impact of chemically-induced, heterogeneous broadening of Raman and Dy3+ emission spectral bands is discussed on two examples from Mt. Malosa district, Malawi. A mean weighted U-Pb isotope age of 111 ± 1 Ma (pegmatitic-type) and a discordia age of 112 ± 1.6 Ma (hydrothermal-type) as obtained by LA-ICP-MS confirm their close genetic and temporal relationship. Studied zircon examples demonstrate that the amount of radiation damage present may have a substantial effect on the precision of LA-ICP-MS ages, but cannot be considered an exclusive cause for bias of obtained isotope ages.
Exploring environmental literacy through demographic variables

This study aims to investigate the effect of selected demographic variables on pre-service teachers’ environmental literacy. Although there are several demographic variables to have some degree of relationship with components of environmental literacy, gender, academic major, and grade level are chosen to investigate further in the Turkish context because of their prevalent usage in earlier studies. The sample of the study is comprised of 560 pre-service teachers enrolled in different academic majors. Environmental Literacy Test (ELT) was used as an instrument to assess environmental literacy and MANOVA was performed to investigate differences of PTs’ environmental literacy in terms demographic variables. Findings of the study indicated that gender, year of enrollment, and academic major had significant effect on components of environmental literacy.
THREE ARABIC DIALECTS

Different studies show different and to some extent inconsistent mechanisms for the articulation of Arabic uvular, pharyngeal and laryngeal sounds, i.e. gutturals, and emphatic sounds. The current study uses ultrasound imaging of the tongue to examine the articulations involved in guttural and emphatic sounds in three Arabic dialects, Egyptian, Saudi and Palestinian. This investigation attempts to answer the question: what are the tongue shapes during the production of both inherently retracted /ʕ, ħ, ʁ, χ, q/ and secondarily retracted /ðʕ, sʕ, tʕ, dʕ/ sounds. Articulatory results indicate that these sounds are produced with different tongue root and tongue dorsum retraction mechanisms. Pharyngeals are articulated with tongue root retraction and statistically do not involve significant tongue dorsum retraction. Uvulars and emphatics show tongue root and tongue dorsum retraction with inconsistent tongue root retraction. Laryngeals do not show any significant tongue retraction.
Optimization Design of Hybrid Mufflers on Broadband Frequencies Using the Genetic Algorithm

Recently, there has been research on high frequency dissipative mufflers. How- ever, research on shape optimization of hybrid mufflers that reduce broadband noise within a constrained space is sparse. In this paper, a hybrid muffler composed of a dissipative muffler and a reactive muffler within a constrained space is assessed. Using the eigenvalues and eigenfunctions, a coupling wave equation for the perfo- rated dissipative chamber is simplified into a four-pole matrix form. To efficiently find the optimal shape within a constrained space, a four-pole matrix system used to evaluate the acoustical performance of the sound transmission loss (STL) is eval- uated using a genetic algorithm (GA). A numerical case for eliminating a broadband venting noise is also introduced. To verify the reliability of a GA optimization, optimal noise abatements for two pure tones (500 Hz and 800 Hz) are exemplified. Before the GA operation can be carried out, the accuracy of the mathematical models has been checked using experimental data. Results indicate that the maximal STL is precisely located at the desired target tone. The optimal result of case studies for eliminating broadband noise also reveals that the overall sound power level (SWL) of the hybrid muffler can be reduced from 138.9 dB(A) to 84.5 dB(A), which is superior to other mufflers (a one-chamber dissipative and a one-chamber reactive muffler). Consequently, a successful approach used for the optimal design of the hybrid mufflers within a constrained space has been demonstrated.
Obstructions to Lagrangian Cobordisms between Legendrians via Generating Families

The technique of generating families produces obstructions to the existence of embedded Lagrangian cobordisms between Legendrian submanifolds in the symplectizations of 1-jet bundles. In fact, generating families may be used to construct a TQFT-like theory that, in addition to giving the aforementioned obstructions, yield structural information about invariants of Legendrian submanifolds. For example, the obstructions devised in this paper show that there is no generating family compatible Lagrangian cobordism between the Chekanov-Eliashberg Legendrian $m(5_2)$ knots. Further, the generating family cohomology groups of a Legendrian submanifold restrict the topology of a Lagrangian filling. Structurally, the generating family cohomology of a Legendrian submanifold satisfies a type of Alexander duality that, when the Legendrian is null-cobordant, can be seen as Poincare duality of the associated Lagrangian filling. This duality implies the Arnold Conjecture for Legendrian submanifolds with linear-at-infinity generating families. The results are obtained by developing a generating family version of wrapped Floer cohomology and establishing long exact sequences that arise from viewing the the spaces underlying these cohomology groups as mapping cones.