Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
U–Pb evidence for rapid formation of the Nohi Rhyolite, one of the largest caldera-forming volcanic complexes on Earth

U–Pb evidence for rapid formation of the Nohi Rhyolite, one of the largest caldera-forming volcanic complexes on Earth Hoshi, H. , Iwano, H. , Danhara, T. and Sako, K. 1 Aichi University of Education, Kariya, Aichi 448-8542, Japan; hoshi@auecc.aichi-edu.ac. jp 2 Kyoto Fission-Track Co., Ltd, Kita-ku, Kyoto 603-8832, Japan 3 Aichi University of Education, Kariya, Aichi 448-8542, Japan ___________________________________________________________________________
Budgetary Operations and Employment Generation: Nigerian Experience

Purpose – The study examines the relationship between ‘budgetary operations and employment generation: Nigerian experience’. In other to attempt the investigations, the study was guided by proffering answers to some cardinal related questions. Prominent among them bother on what functional relationship prevails between government economic, social, transfer expenditure and human development index in Nigeria? Design/methodology– The research design adopted in this study was ex-post facto design, where secondary data sourced from CBN bulletin and NBS annual reports for the period 1986 to 2018. The budgetary operations proxied by Economic Expenditure, Social Expenditure and Transfer Expenditurewhile employment generation for same period measured by Human Development Index (HDI). The study employed the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) technique to analyse the relationship between budgetary operations and employment generation in Nigerian economy after discovering a fractional integration amongst the employed variables with the aid of Augmented Dickey Fuller unit root test. Findings – The results of the study reveal that while economic expenditure, social expenditure as well as transfer expenditure all exert negative relationships with human development index which all negate the a priori expectations, on the other hand, only social expenditure is statistically significant in relation to human development index in Nigeria within the period of study. Conclusion – Premised on the findings of this study, the study concluded that employment generation issues have not been sufficiently captured in the national budget for capital projects, hence the adverse effect of economic expenditure, social expenditure and transfer expenditure on Human Development Index of Nigeria. Recommendations–The large labour force in Nigeria presents a big opportunity for development,therefore, the study suggested that the government should increase its capital expenditure on human capacity building, through building of skill acquisition centers, more schools to absorb school dropouts, providing accessible loans. Also, effective check and monitoring mechanism should be put in place for the possibility of morale hazard and fund misappropriation, thereby defeating the purpose of government effort in combating against unemployment rate in the country.
Does corporate governance affect financial reporting quality of politically connected firms?

Political connections raise the issue of corporate governance in the disclosure of information. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of political connections, the effectiveness of the board of commissioners and audit committees, and the quality of external audits on the quality of the company's financial statements. Using a sample of large companies in the Indonesian capital market as many as 871 samples. Regression analysis panel data was used for this analysis. It was found that political connections negatively affect on the quality of financial reporting. The quality of financial reporting of a politically connected firm is lower than those of politically unconnected firms. The effectiveness of the board of commissioners and audit committee is not effective enough in carrying out the internal monitoring function in the company. The influence of political connections can contribute to weak corporate governance and contribute to the low quality of financial reporting. The results of this study are expected to be a reference for investors to determine investment preferences in politically connected companies or not. For management, the results of this study are expected to be a consideration in recruiting the board of commissioners and other policies. Policymakers must encourage or mandate companies to disclose clearer information about the company's relationship with government, political parties, or politicians so that investors and all interested parties can use this information to better assess the quality of the company's financial statements. This study is the first trial to examine more comprehensively the role of political connections, the effectiveness of the board of commissioners and audit committee and the impact of external audit on the quality of financial reporting.
ROLE OF SUSTAINABLE QUALITY MANAGEMENT TO PROMOTE EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE AND CUSTOMER SATISFACTION AMONG EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS

Sustainable quality management among educational institutions is most important to produce quality education for the customers. It is one of the important elements to satisfy the customers. However, Indonesian educational sector requires significant reforms to enhance the education quality by enhancing the sustainable quality management. Therefore, objective of this study is to promote customer satisfaction with the help of sustainable quality management. Sustainable quality management include; critical success factors (CSFs) and national quality awards (NQAs). Survey was performed to collect the data from university employees. In survey, a questionnaire based on 5-point Likert scale was used. Findings of the study highlighted that sustainable quality management has crucial role in employee performance and customer satisfaction. Critical success factors (CSFs) and national quality awards (NQAs) has positive effect to improve the employee performance and boost the customer satisfaction level. Additionally, employee performance playing a mediating role between sustainable quality management and customer satisfaction.
INTERNATIONAL STRATEGIES FOR DISABILITY-RELATED WORK IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES: HISTORICAL, MODERN AND CRITICAL REFLECTIONS

Miles, M. 2007-01. International Strategies for Disability-related Work in Developing Countries: historical, modern and critical reflections. Revised version of a paper first published in the Zeitschrift Behinderung und Dritte Welt, 3/2003, pp. 96-106, and here reproduced with permission. Internet publication URLs: www.independentliving. org/docs7/miles200701.html and www.independentliving. org/docs7/miles200701.pdf
Moving to Fluidity: Regional Growth and Labor Market Churn∗

This paper studies the connection between regional growth trends and labor market dynamics. New data on manufacturing worker flows for U.S. cities 1957-1981 show that growing cities see on average more new hires and more voluntary quits, but fewer forced layoffs. Moreover, recessions in growing cities are special in that hiring and quits are low, whereas their key feature in shrinking cities is a spike in layoffs. A model of migration and on-the-job search accounts for the common factor in growth, quits and layoffs in the cross section of cities. Its key feature is that jobs can become at risk: they have lower match surplus and are more likely to terminate. In growing cities, better prospects from on-the-job search lead workers to quit jobs at risk earlier, which reduces layoffs and misallocation. ∗Email addresses: eran.hoffmann@mail.huji. ac.il, piazzesi@stanford.edu, schneidr@stanford.edu. An earlier version was called "Jobs at risk, regional growth, and labor market flows". We thank Tanya Baron, Mike Elsby, Ed Glaeser, Erik Hurst, Lisa Kahn, Philipp Kircher, Antonella Trigari, Eric Smith, Joseph Zeira, and audiences at Hebrew University, Midwest Macro 2019, Search and Matching Conference at BI Norway, 2019, EEA-ESSEM 2019, and Frontiers of Macroeconomics at TAU, 2019, NBER conference on Cities, Labor markets, and the Global Economy 2019 for helpful comments. This research was supported by a grant from the United States Israel Binational Science Foundation (BSF), Jerusalem, Israel.
Decompressive Craniectomy for Intractable Intracranial Hypertension Dirençli İntrakranial Hipertansiyonda Dekompresif Kraniektomi

1 Bulent Bakar1, Mehmet Murat Sumer2, Ismail Hakki Tekkok3 1Kirikkale University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neurosurgery, Kirikkale, 2Guven Hospital, Department of Neurology, Ankara, 3TOBB-ETU Hospital, Department of Neurosurgery, Ankara, Turkey İntrakranial Hipertansiyon için Kraniektomi / Craniectomy for Intracranial Hypertension Decompressive Craniectomy for Intractable Intracranial Hypertension
Socioeconomic determinants of breastfeeding practices in South India - A hospital-based cross-sectional study

Background: Breastfeeding is an unparalleled universally recommended intervention for the promotion of health and nutrition of children and reduction of mortality. In spite of the WHO recommendations and baby-friendly hospital initiative, breastfeeding practices are inappropriate due to maternal, infant, socioeconomic, and cultural factors. Objective: The objective of this study was to determine the socioeconomic factors associated with inappropriate breastfeeding practices. Secondary objective was to determine the knowledge level of mothers on ideal breastfeeding recommendations. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in pediatric wards of a tertiary care teaching institution from January 2017 to July 2017. Mothers having children aged 7–60 months were included in the study. A sample size of one thousand was planned. After obtaining informed consent from mother, detailed feeding history including the timing of initiation of breastfeeding following childbirth, duration of exclusive breastfeeding, and age at which breastfeeding was discontinued was noted. Possible determinants considered were gender of the child, place of residence, maternal age, maternal education, maternal employment, number of children at home, type of family, whether mother was counseled during antenatal period, mode of delivery, and hospitalization in newborn period. Knowledge of mother on breastfeeding was probed and the response recorded. Univariate analysis followed by regression was performed to determine the significant factors. Results: 59% (95% confidence interval 55.9–62.1) of mothers initiated breastfeeding within 1 h of childbirth. 70.2% (95% CI - 67.3–73) exclusively breastfed their babies for 6 months and above. 43.6% (95% CI - 39.2–48.1) of mothers with children of age 25–60 months breastfed their babies up to 2 years and beyond. On univariate analysis, female gender, maternal employment, operative delivery, and hospitalization in the newborn period were identified as risk factors for inappropriate breastfeeding practices, which were confirmed by regression. Overall, only 26.6% (95% CI - 23.9–29.5) of mothers had appropriate knowledge about ideal breastfeeding recommendations. Conclusion: Female gender, maternal employment, operative delivery, and hospitalization in newborn period are significant independent risk factors for inappropriate breastfeeding practices. Only a quarter of mothers had adequate knowledge of breastfeeding recommendations.
Comparison of erythrocyte indices and haematological indices as markers of iron status of lagos children with cyanotic congenital heart disease

Among other conditions, uncorrected cyanotic congenital heart lesions may potentially have adverse effects on iron balance (1). These cardiac lesions keep the body in a state of constant hypoxia (2). Unabated hypoxias and attendant secondary erythrocytosis lead to polycythemia and depletion of iron stores (1). An additional cause of iron depletion is the bleeding tendency consequent upon thrombocytopenia and haemostatic abnormalities (2,3). Reduction of body iron has three main stages, which constitute a continuum from iron depletion, through iron deficiency to iron deficiency anaemia (4). With iron depletion, iron requirement exceeds intake causing progressive depletion of iron store (4), is reflected as a reduction in Original Article
Conventional neuromuscular monitoring versus acceleromyography: it's not the monitor but the anesthetist.

In Reply:—We appreciate Drs. Fisher’s and Shafer’s interest in our work. We agree with their view that our model did not optimally fit all data points. There is a large variation in the placebo and 2.0 mg/kg group, and it was difficult to define a model that optimally fits these data points. For higher doses of sugammadex, the model fits the data very well. We have conducted a Phase 2 clinical trial. Those studies attempt to learn what is a good (if not optimal) drug regimen to achieve useful clinical value (acceptable benefit/risk). In contrast to the confirming phases of drug development, the learning phases entail so-called explanatory analyses; i.e., analyses that estimate the quantitative relationship between inputs and outcomes according to some mechanistic view of the relationship. In a Phase 2 study, a nominal design, including all ostensibly controllable factors affecting the conduct of the trial, is an abstract ideal. In fact, in any real study, deviations from nominal design are inevitable. We decided to apply the model to our data which has been defined a priori, and has been used for several data sets on sugammadex which already have been published. We did not want to retrospectively change the predefined approach of our statistical efficacy analysis. In future confirmatory studies on sugammadex it will be possible to develop and apply a more sophisticated model. The suggestions of Drs. Fisher and Shafer will be very useful in that context. Karin S. Khuenl-Brady, M.D., D.E. A.A. ,* Matthias Eikermann, M.D., Ph.D. *Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria. karin.khuenlbrady@i-med.ac. at
Deep learning of brain lesion patterns and user-defined clinical and MRI features for predicting conversion to multiple sclerosis from clinically isolated syndrome

Abstract Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a neurological disease with an early course that is characterised by attacks of clinical worsening, separated by variable periods of remission. The ability to predict the risk of attacks in a given time frame can be used to identify patients who are likely to benefit from more proactive treatment. We aim to determine whether deep learning can extract latent MS lesion features that, when combined with user-defined radiological and clinical measurements, can predict conversion to MS (defined with criteria that include new T2 lesions, new T1 gadolinium enhancing lesions and/or new clinical relapse) in patients with early MS symptoms (clinically isolated syndrome), a prodromal stage of MS, more accurately than imaging biomarkers that have been used in clinical studies to evaluate overall disease state, such as lesion volume and brain volume. More specifically, we use convolutional neural networks to extract latent MS lesion patterns that are associated with conversion to definite MS (based on the McDonald 2005 criteria) using lesion masks segmented from baseline MR images. The main challenges are that lesion masks are generally sparse and the number of training samples is small relative to the dimensionality of the images. To cope with sparse voxel data, we propose utilising the Euclidean distance transform (EDT) for increasing information density by populating each voxel with a value indicating distance to the closest lesion boundary. To reduce the risk of overfitting resulting from high image dimensionality, we use a synergistic combination of downsampling, unsupervised pretraining and regularisation during training. A detailed analysis of the impact of EDT and unsupervised pretraining is presented. In contrast to our previous work, which only used automatically learned image features for prediction, we incorporate three user-defined magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) measurements and eight user-defined clinical measurements into the prediction model. In total, the baseline user-defined measurements consist of 11 features. Using the baseline MRI scans and all available measurements from 140 subjects in a sevenfold cross-validation procedure, we demonstrate that our model can achieve an average accuracy rate of 75.0% (SD = 11.3%) in predicting disease activity that is indicative of radiological or clinical conversion to definite MS within two years, which is higher than the 65.0% (SD = 14.6%) that is attained with lesion volume alone. More significantly, our model also outperformed a random forest using all available user-defined measurements (67.9%, ), thereby demonstrating the potential benefit of automatic extraction of latent lesion features by deep learning.
Gay male pornography and the racialisation of desire

Abstract Very few studies have focused on the role pornography plays in influencing and modelling sexual desire on the basis of race and ethnicity. Using sexual script theory as an analytic tool, the purpose of this empirical study was to explore indicators of the racialisation of desire based on a sample of gay male pornography users in Québec (Canada) (n = 974). Because gay male pornography use is widespread, and because it is not simply used for the purposes of education and validation but also influences sexual norms and cultural scripts in a social context where sexual racism seems prevalent, this study offers a new perspective on a timely phenomenon. Based on our findings, the final nested linear regression model demonstrates that higher levels of racialised desire attributed to gay male pornography use were associated with the following: being at least 55 years old; having a yearly income of less than $45,000 CAD; using interracial gay male pornography; not primarily using gender-diverse gay male pornographic content (heterosexual, bisexual, transsexual); having higher levels of perceived pressure to conform; having a higher preference for bareback pornography; and having higher levels of acquired sexual knowledge.
Joint single cell DNA-seq and RNA-seq of gastric cancer cell lines reveals rules of in vitro evolution

Abstract Cancer cell lines are not homogeneous nor are they static in their genetic state and biological properties. Genetic, transcriptional and phenotypic diversity within cell lines contributes to the lack of experimental reproducibility frequently observed in tissue-culture-based studies. While cancer cell line heterogeneity has been generally recognized, there are no studies which quantify the number of clones that coexist within cell lines and their distinguishing characteristics. We used a single-cell DNA sequencing approach to characterize the cellular diversity within nine gastric cancer cell lines and integrated this information with single-cell RNA sequencing. Overall, we sequenced the genomes of 8824 cells, identifying between 2 and 12 clones per cell line. Using the transcriptomes of more than 28 000 single cells from the same cell lines, we independently corroborated 88% of the clonal structure determined from single cell DNA analysis. For one of these cell lines, we identified cell surface markers that distinguished two subpopulations and used flow cytometry to sort these two clones. We identified substantial proportions of replicating cells in each cell line, assigned these cells to subclones detected among the G0/G1 population and used the proportion of replicating cells per subclone as a surrogate of each subclone's growth rate.
Population and Noncompartmental Pharmacokinetics of Sodium Oxybate Support Weight‐Based Dosing in Children and Adolescents With Narcolepsy With Cataplexy

The pharmacokinetics (PKs) of sodium oxybate (SXB) was evaluated in a subset of participants from a study of SXB treatment in children (aged 7–11 years; n = 11) and adolescents (aged 12–17 years; n = 18) with narcolepsy with cataplexy. PK evaluation was conducted over 2 nights during the period when participants received a stable nightly SXB dose. The SXB dose on night 1 was half of night 2 and was administered in two equally divided doses: dose 1 was administered > 2 hours after the evening meal, and dose 2 was administered ≥ 4 hours after dose 1. Noncompartmental PK analysis demonstrated higher plasma concentrations post‐dose 2 vs. post‐dose 1, higher than dose‐proportional increases in area under the concentration‐time curve from 0 to 4 hours (AUC0–4h) after dose 1, indicating nonlinear clearance, and better correlation between exposure and mg/kg than exposure and gram dose. To confirm the noncompartmental findings, identify factors affecting SXB PK, and compare with prior results in adults, a population PK (PopPK) model was established combining PK data from the current study with prior data from adults (132 healthy volunteers and 13 with narcolepsy). A two‐compartment PopPK model with first‐order absorption and nonlinear clearance from the central compartment described the data well. PopPK identified weight as the main intrinsic factor and food as the main extrinsic factor affecting SXB PK, and predicts similar PK profiles on a mg/kg basis across ages. These results, along with previously reported efficacy and safety outcomes, support weight‐based SXB dose initiation in pediatric patients.
Metabolomic Analysis Reveals Distinct Profiles in the Plasma and Urine Associated with IgE Reactions in Childhood Asthma

Several metabolomics studies have identified altered metabolic pathways that are related to asthma. However, an integrative analysis of the metabolic responses across blood and urine for a comprehensive framework of asthma in early childhood remains lacking. Fifty-four age-matched children with asthma (n = 28) and healthy controls (n = 26) were enrolled. Metabolome analysis of the plasma and urine samples was performed using 1H-nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy coupled with partial least-squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA). Integrated analysis of blood and urine metabolic profiling related to IgE reactions for childhood asthma was investigated. A significantly higher plasma histidine level was found, in parallel with lower urinary 1-methylnicotinamide and trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) levels, in children with asthma compared to healthy controls. Compared to children without allergic sensitization, 11 (92%) plasma metabolites and 8 (80%) urinary metabolites were found to be significantly different in children with IgE and food sensitization respectively. There were significant correlations between the plasma 3-hydroxybutyric acid and excreted volumes of the hydroxy acids, which were strongly correlated to plasma leucine and valine levels. Urine N-phenylacetylglycine, a microbial-host co-metabolite, was strongly correlated with total serum and food allergen-specific IgE levels. Plasma pyruvate and urine valine, leucine, and isoleucine degradation metabolisms were significantly associated with allergic sensitization for childhood asthma. In conclusion, blood and urine metabolome reflect different metabolic pathways in allergic reactions. Plasma pyruvate metabolism to acetic acid appears to be associated with serum IgE production, whereas urine branched-chain amino acid metabolism primarily reflects food allergic reactions against allergies.