Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Mantle flow, dynamic topography, and rift-flank uplift of Arabia

Rift-flank uplift adjacent to the Red Sea is asymmetric, i.e., a broad tilt of the entire Arabian plate along an axis parallel to the rift and more localized uplift on the African shoulder. A suite of models has been proposed to explain this pattern, but no model has considered the dynamic effects of large-scale mantle flow. Recent high-resolution images from seismic tomography show a massive, anomalously slow shear velocity structure that emerges from the core-mantle boundary beneath South Africa and that reaches close to the surface at the Red Sea. This buoyant megaplume has been identified as the driving mechanism for anomalously high topography in southern Africa and rifting in East Africa; in this paper we investigate its role in present-day African-Arabian topography. In particular, we present predictions of dynamic topography based on viscous-flow simulations initiated using seismically inferred mantle heterogeneity. These predictions demonstrate that viscous stresses associated with mantle flow are responsible for the long-wavelength signal in African-Arabian flank uplift. Our results do not preclude localized topographic contributions from other processes, particularly within the near field of the Red Sea.
Climate-Induced Changes in Rates of Headland-Beach Progradation along the Southern Coast of Lake Erie

ABSTRACT Mattheus, C.R. , 2014. Climate-induced changes in rates of headland-beach progradation along the southern coast of Lake Erie. Isolated portions of the sediment-starved U.S. Lake Erie coast have prograded over the last 100 years in response to littoral drift disruption by hard-structure installation. Published nautical charts offer insight into decadal-scale sediment dynamics operating around this erosional coastline's prograding headland beaches. Nearshore-surface models constructed from historical bathymetry data sets show that headland-beach progradation occurs with little change in shoreface-profile shape; beach-area gain therefore provides a metric for sediment-volume change. A time-series analysis of beach growth, lake level, drought occurrence, and winter-ice cover suggests that headland geomorphology is partly climate driven. Decreased rates of beach progradation experienced along studied headlands between the late 1930s and early 1950s followed extreme drought conditions, exceptionally low lake levels, and low winter-ice covers. Reduced sediment supply to headland beaches is inferred by hampered bluff erosion during periods of low lake level, affiliated with less direct wave impact on bluffs, and drought conditions, associated with reduced groundwater-related mass wasting of bluffs. Similar drought and low-lake-level conditions existed throughout the 1960s; however, this period experienced high winter-ice covers and was unaffiliated with a change in headland-beach progradation rate, likely due to diminished sediment losses from adjacent nearshore regions during winter seasons. Reduced bluff erosion of the 1930s was induced by a combination of low lake levels and drought conditions and, along with nearshore-sediment losses in absence of winter-ice cover, stunted headland-beach growth during the subsequent period of lake-level rise. A decadal delay of headland-shoreline response to these climate extremes attests to the nearshore system's poor buffering capacity to environmental changes altering sediment availability.
Euesperides 2005: Preliminary Report on the Spring 2005 season

Abstract This paper is a preliminary report on the Spring 2005 season of the excavations at Euesperides (Benghazi). Work continued in Areas P and Q, and on the processing of finds from the 2005 and previous seasons. In Area P a series of domestic deposits dated to the last quarter of the fourth or first quarter of the third century BC was excavated, including a hearth, a probable domestic altar and associated votive deposits, and a series of post-holes perhaps connected with furniture and a loom. Two small external yard areas seem to have been used for purple dye production. In Area Q late occupation to the west of the street is dated to the late fourth century BC; to the east of the street, the latest stratigraphy appears to have been truncated and the occupation levels so far excavated here date from 470 down to 300 BC. Selected finewares from the excavations are presented, ranging in date from the sixth to the third centuries BC. Work on the coarse pottery and amphora assemblages has begun to distinguish products of different production centres within Cyrenaica. Besides demonstrating the quantities of imported coarsewares from Corinth, the Aegean and the Punic world, we can now recognise four classes of Cyrenaican amphorae, including exports present at Punic Sabratha. The study of the wall plaster, environmental remains and other finds are also briefly discussed. Euesperides is a site both of archaeological importance and of considerable scientific interest for its rare wetland vegetation, but both of these aspects remain vulnerable to ongoing damage as a result of urban development, uncontrolled rubbish dumping and a lack of effective protection of the site.
Effectiveness of Farm yard Manure, Poultry Manure and Fertilizer -NPK on the Growth Parameters of French Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) in Shimoga, Karnataka

A field experiment was conducted to evaluate the manual potential of two organic manure :- Farmyard manure (FYM), Poultry manure (PM) vis-a-vis, 0% to100% recommended dose of fertilizer – NPK and to find out the most productive cropping system at various combination of organic manure and chemical fertilizer. Field experiment was carried out for the period of six months January to June 2010, to determine the affect of organic and chemical fertilizer application on the growth parameters of French bean (Phaseolus vulgaris). During the study it was noticed that the organic manure enhanced the function of chemical fertilizer. The capital used for making organic manure is cheaper than that of chemical fertilizers and maintain the soil fertility.
Long-term effects of forest liming on soil, soil leachate, and foliage chemistry in northern Pennsylvania

Sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marsh.) decline disease, decreased growth, and regeneration failure have been related to a low supply of Ca and Mg. There is increased interest in augmenting cation availability via liming, but there is little information on the amounts of lime required and the longevity of the lime treatment. A single application of 22.4 Mg ha-1 of dolomitic limestone in 1985 at four forested sites in Potter County, PA has shown that soil, soil water, and sugar maple foliage chemistry are significantly altered by liming and the changes in soils and foliage persist as long as 21-yr post-treatment. By 2001, only 3 kg ha-1 of lime remained undissolved while increases in exchangeable Ca and Mg, and pH continued through 2006 at depths up to 35 to 45 cm. Exchangeable Mn and Al concentrations were significantly reduced by lime application, though effects were slower to develop at deeper depths. Soil solution chemistry from 1996 was highly variable but reflected the changed soil nutrients. On limed plots, sugar maple foliage had elevated concentrations of Ca and Mg in 2006 samples, indicating the persistence of the lime treatment. Comparison of Ca/Al ratios in soil solution, soils, and foliage show inconsistencies from previous published risk thresholds. Species-specific thresholds of Ca and Mg availability in soil and foliage have better potential management application and should be more rigorously tested as stress indicators.
Comparative Study of Seasonal Variation in Physicochemical Properties of Selected Wetlands of Mehsana Districts, North Gujarat

The present work was assessing seasonal variation in physicochemical characteristics of some selected wetlands of mehsana districts during the period of March 2013-february 2014 for winter, summer and monsoon season. various parameter were measured like pH, calcium hardness, total hardness, phosphate (PO4 -), chloride (Cl), potassium (K+), sodium (Na+), carbonate (CO3 -) and bicarbonate (HCO3 -), total alkalinity, Biological oxygen demand, (BOD),Dissolved Oxygen (DO). Data analysis reveals that pH and BOD were higher in summer, Total hardness, potassium, sodium, phosphate, carbonate were medium in summer, calcium hardness, chloride, bicarbonate, total alkalinity and DO were lower in summer. Calcium hardness, bicarbonate, total alkalinity were higher in monsoon season, chloride, DO and BOD were medium in monsoon whereas pH, total hardness, potassium, sodium, phosphate and carbonate were lower in monsoon. Total hardness, potassium, sodium, chloride, phosphate, carbonate and DO were higher in winter, pH, Calcium hardness, chloride; bicarbonate and total alkalinity were medium in winter whereas BOD was lower in winter season. Introduction Water is one of the most important factors for all living organisms, imagine a form of life that can impossible without water. Approximately 71% of the earth surface covered by water in the form of oceans, glaciers, fresh water bodies, rivers, wells, lakes (Patel and Patel, 2012; Nirmala et al 2012). Out of which only 3% of water occupied by fresh water and less than 1% water is occupied by lakes and ground water. Wetlands are one of the sources of water and transitional area between land and water. Wetland includes a differential habitat with permanent or temporary water bodies with variety of function and value likes diversity of organism included threatened and endangered species, nutrient recycling, purification of water and Ground water recharge. (Pramod, et al 2011; Sarkar and Upadhyay ,2013) Quality of water in ponds, river may vary subject on geological morphology, vegetation and land use. Physicochemical properties were influence by season to season and also anthropogenic activities like agriculture, urbanization, domestic sewage etc. in the catchment area resulted in deterioration of water quality. (Bhat et al, 2009) The present study is mainly focused on impact of seasonal changes in physicochemical characteristics like pH, Calcium hardness, Total hardness, Phosphate (PO4 -), Chloride (Cl-), Potassium (K+), Sodium (Na+), Carbonate (CO3 -) and Bicarbonate (HCO3 -), Total alkalinity, Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD), Dissolved Oxygen (DO). MATERIALS AND METHODS
Task-Aware Dynamic Model Optimization for Multi-Task Learning

Multi-task learning (MTL) is a field in which a deep neural network simultaneously learns knowledge from multiple tasks. However, achieving resource-efficient MTL remains challenging due to entangled network parameters across tasks and varying task-specific complexity. Existing methods employ network compression techniques while maintaining comparable performance, but they often compress uniformly across all tasks without considering individual complexity. This can lead to suboptimal solutions due to entangled network parameters and memory inefficiency, as the parameters for each task may be insufficient or excessive. To address these challenges, we propose a framework called Dynamic Model Optimization (DMO) that dynamically allocates network parameters to groups based on task-specific complexity. This framework consists of three key steps: measuring task similarity and task difficulty, grouping tasks, and allocating parameters. This process involves the calculation of both weight and loss similarities across tasks and employs sample-wise loss as a measure of task difficulty. Tasks are grouped based on their similarities, and parameters are allocated with dynamic pruning according to task difficulty within their respective groups. We apply the proposed framework to MTL with various classification datasets. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed approach achieves high performance while taking fewer network parameters than other MTL methods.
Early and late Holocene glacial fluctuations and tephrostratigraphy, Cabin Lake, Alaska

Marked changes in sediment types deposited in Cabin Lake, near Cordova, Alaska, represent environmental shifts during the early and late Holocene, including fluctuations in the terminal position of Sheridan Glacier. Cabin Lake is situated to receive meltwater during periods when the outwash plain of the advancing Sheridan Glacier had aggraded. A brief early Holocene advance from 11.2 to 11.0 cal ka is represented by glacial rock flour near the base of the sediment core. Non‐glacial lake conditions were restored for about 1000 years before the water level in Cabin Lake lowered and the core site became a fen. The fen indicates drier‐than‐present conditions leading up to the Holocene thermal maximum. An unconformity spanning 5400 years during the mid‐Holocene is overlain by peat until 1110 CE when meltwater from Sheridan Glacier returned to the basin. Three intervals of an advanced Sheridan Glacier are recorded in the Cabin Lake sediments during the late Holocene: 1110–1180, 1260–1540 and 1610–1780 CE. The sedimentary sequence also contains the first five reported tephra deposits from the Copper River delta region, and their geochemical signatures suggest that the sources are the Cook Inlet volcanoes Redoubt, Augustine and Crater Peak, and possibly Mt Churchill in the Wrangell Volcanic field.
Efficacy and safety of eptinezumab for migraine: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Background: Calcitonin gene-related peptides (CGRP) have been considered a new effective means to prevent and treat migraine. Eptinezumab is a new class of CGRP antagonists that has been ratified for clinical treatment. The purpose of this systematic review was to assess and contrast the therapeutic effect and safety of eptinezumab in the management of migraine in comparison with a placebo. Materials and Methods: We systematically searched PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and the US National Institutes of Health Clinical Trials Registry from the earliest date to February 16, 2023, for randomized controlled trials (RCTs). The mean difference (MD) and risk ratio (RR) were chosen to assess clinical indicators. Results: In total, there were 2, 739 patients in four RCTs, who were ultimately included. Our summarized results showed that eptinezumab had better healing efficacy compared to placebo with respect to monthly migraine days (MD = −1.56, 95% conﬁdence interval [CI]: −2.32, −0.79, P < 0.001), improving ≥75% migraine responder rate (RR = 1.80, 95% CI: 1.40, 2.33, P < 0.001), ≥50% migraine responder rate (RR = 1.46, 95% CI: 1.33, 1.61, P < 0.001), and 100% migraine responder rate (RR = 2.41, 95% CI: 1.08, 5.38, P < 0.001). Furthermore, compared with placebo, there was no significant increase for treatment-related adverse events (RR = 1.01, 95% CI 0.94, 1.10, P = 0.71) and serious AEs (RR = 0.93, 95% CI 0.46, 1.90, P = 0.84). It was found that all dosages except for 10 mg had significant efficacy compared with placebo, especially 300 mg (P < 0.001). Conclusion: Eptinezumab has good healing efficacy and insignificant adverse effects in treating migraine, particularly the dosage of 300 mg.
Scanning Electron Microscopic Study of the Tongue Papillae Formation

Objectives: To clarify the morphology of the tongue papillae formation and the metabolic characteristics along the papillae distribution in rats. Methods: The experiment was designed as a cross-sectional study and included; a scanning electron and light microscopic examination, connective tissue core analysis, and an enzyme activity test on rat tongue samples of the embryonic (n = 60) and postnatal (n = 12) periods. Results: The primordium of fungiform papillae (FuP) was already formed on embryonic day 15 (E15), and filiform papillae (FiP) was formed on E17. In the postnatal period, the middle and posterior parts of the tongue quickly developed toward the anterior part of the oral cavity. Three types of FiP were found: round, conical and branched. According to the enzyme activity test, all energy, lipid, protein and sugar metabolic enzymes showed significant differences along the tongue parts. Conclusion: No positional difference was found in the morphology of rat tongue papillae during the embryonic period. During the postnatal period, the morphology and enzyme activities of the tongue mucosa displayed differences expressing tongue development and its functional characteristics among the described tongue parts—listed above.
Meltwater and Sediment Dynamics of the Greenland Ice Sheet

Hudson, Benjamin Douglas (Ph.D., Geological Sciences) Meltwater and Sediment Dynamics of the Greenland Ice Sheet0 Thesis directed by Doctor Irina Overeem and Professor James P.M. Syvitski The Greenland Ice Sheet (GrIS) is an important part of the Earth system, impacting climate, the land it occupies, and the ocean it borders. Its meltwater delivers fresh water to fjords and the coastal ocean, influencing sea level, ocean circulation, and sea ice formation. Its sediment decreases fjord light availability and delivers nutrients to the ocean. Sediment also fills fjord basins, builds Greenland’s continental shelf, and serves as an archive of the Earth’s past. GrIS baseline meltwater and sediment dynamics are poorly characterized. Only one river out of approximately 300 in Greenland has a discharge record longer than 5 years and sediment dynamics have been studied at limited locations. Even less well understood is how ‘downstream’ systems respond to GrIS mass loss, the rate of which has quadrupled since the 1990s. This dissertation employs both field and satellite techniques to better characterize understudied meltwater and sediment dynamics of the GrIS. In Chapter 2, I assessed Greenland river plume dynamics between 2000 and 2012 using NASA MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) imagery.
Comparing Non-Invasive Spectrophotometry to Hematology Analysis for Hemoglobin Measurements in Sickle Cell Disease Patients

Highlights The following are some of the highlights of our study: The SpHb concentration was found to be higher than the lab Hb concentrations, with a positive correlation. SpHb measurement sensitivity and precision were lower than expected. Non-invasive SpHb measurement can play a role in excluding anemia in outpatient clinics. The PI values among the SCD patients were lower than the patients with a normal hemoglobin structure. SpHb measurement requires technological improvements to overcome the low PI observed in SCD patients. Abstract Patients with sickle cell disease (SCD) require repeated blood sampling for hemoglobin (Hb) concentration measurements. The primary aim of this study was to compare non-invasive spectrophotometric hemoglobin (SpHb, g/dL) measurements to those taken via an automated hematology analyzer (Hb, g/dL) in patients with SCD visiting outpatient clinics and to investigate the correlations and agreements between both measurement techniques. Secondarily, we aimed to identify the SpHb cut-off concentration for the diagnosis of anemia and to monitor the effects of the pleth variability index (PVI, %) and perfusion index (PI) on SpHb measurements. The results gained from the examination of one hundred and fifty-eight patients indicated that the SpHb measurements overestimated the lab Hb concentrations, with a mean (SpHb-Hb) bias of 0.82 g/dL (SD 1.29). The SpHb measurements were positively correlated with the Hb measurements (Kendall’s tau correlation (τ), n = 158, τ = 0.68, p < 0.001), with an intra-class correlation (ICC) of 0.67 and a 95% CI from 0.57 to 0.74 (p = 0.000). The SpHb cut-off concentration to diagnose anemia was 11.4 and 11.7 g/dL for males and females, respectively. SpHb sensitivity was low for males and females at 64.4% and 57.1%; however, the specificity was higher at 90.9% and 75%, with positive predictive values (PPVs) of 95.6 and 85.7, respectively. No correlation existed between SpHb measurements and the PVI (%) in contrast with a moderate correlation with the PI (r = 0.049, p = 0.54, and r = 0.36, p < 0.001, respectively). The mean PI was low at 2.52 ± 1.7. In conclusion, the SpHb measurements were consistently higher than the lab Hb concentrations, with a positive correlation. The sensitivity and precision of the SpHb measurements were lower than expected. However, the SpHb specificity and its positive predictive values (PPVs) indicated that it is less likely for a patient with a positive SpHb test result for anemia to be non-anemic. These results will allow SpHb measurement to play a role in excluding the presence of anemia. In light of the low PI values determined, the SpHb measurements were challenging to take and, thus, require further technological improvements.
Deficit irrigation an option to mitigate arsenic load in rice grain.

Field trial was carried out during 2008 to assess impact of irrigation on arsenic status of soil, leaf and grain of rice and water use efficiency of the crop. Four levels of irrigation i) continuous ponding (CP); ii) intermittent ponding (IP); iii) saturation and iv) aerobic were imposed to the crop during 15 to 45 days after transplanting (DAT). Rest of the period, irrespective of regimes crop was exposed to CP. Highest grain yield recorded under IP. Arsenic load in soil, leaf and grain attained highest value under CP and decreased in the order of IP>Saturated>Aerobic regimes. Impact of irrigation regimes on variation in total arsenic load was maximum in soil (80.5%) followed by leaf (40%) and grain (18%). Arsenic added to the rice field through contaminated water poses strong relationship with total arsenic status of soil, leaf and grain. Water use efficiency attained highest value under aerobic regime and closely followed by IP.