Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Environmental and endogenous influences on carbohydrate assimilation and allocation of apple trees (Malus domestica Borkh)

The 'Royal Gala' apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) produces unsatisfactory fruit sizes in the Western Cape, South Africa. Girdling or scoring can reduce shoot growth via reductions in vegetative sink strength, whereas fruit thinning reduces the total fruit sink thus increasing individual fruit sink strength. Both practices, when applied during the first five weeks after full bloom, increase the proportional allocation of available carbohydrates to fruit growth. Reductions in sink demand can, however, affect carbon assimilation rates via end product feedback inhibition. This could be a transient or long-term effect, influenced by the degree of sink reduction and periods of carbon-supply limitation. The objective of this study was to investigate the individual and combined effects of early-season (13-40 days after full bloom, OAFB) scoring and various thinning intensities, giving a range of sink strength reductions, on gas exchange and underlying photosynthetic capacity throughout the season. At 20, 50 and 85 OAFB, photosynthetic light response curves were performed on bourse shoot leaves at leaf temperatures of 20, 25, 30 and 35°C, and A/c; curves were measured at 25°C. Light-saturated net C02 assimilation rate (Am . ) was generally reduced by scoring and thinning throughout the season, although there was no response to thinning at 20 OAFB. The response to scoring was temperature-dependent at 20 OAFB, with significant reductions in Am. " only at 30°C and above. Oark respiration rates were not influenced by treatments but showed the expected increases with increasing temperature. The reductions in Amax due to scoring and thinning were attributable to both reductions in stomatal conductance, and reductions in maximum rate of carboxylation by rubisco (Vcma,) and maximum rate of electron transport (JmllX)' Vcm", was significantly lower in the scored treatments at 85 OAFB. Jmax increased substantially from 20 to 50 OAFB and was decreased significantly by scoring at 85 DAFB, and by thinning at 20 OAFB but not thereafter. Therefore, slight feedback inhibition was evident only during the early season in thinned trees but did not influence AmllX, whereas small reductions in Amsx thereafter were due to lower stomatal conductances. In contrast, scoring resulted in seasonlong reductions in stomatal conductance and gradual down-regulation of photosynthetic Stellenbosch University http://scholar.sun.ac.za
Government Contracts for Legal Services: Does a Previous Contracting Relationship Alter Accountability?

This research examines 130 government contracts for legal services, specifically focusing on how decisions to include various accountability clauses are influenced by previous relationships between the government and its private sector contractors. Overall, the findings illustrate that prior positive contract experiences decrease the use of clauses that facilitate disclosure of information but increase the use of contract details. The evidence suggests an important role for relationships in new governance: contracting with familiar contractors may reduce the cost and use of some forms of accountability but not necessarily reduce overall accountability.
Intrinsic and Extrinsic Work Motivation among US and Norwegian High School Students

This article utilizes comparable survey data to examine the antecedents and correlates of intrinsic and extrinsic work motivation among US and Norwegian high school students. It builds on prior studies of young Americans’ work motivations, as well as cross-national research which has primarily been preoccupied with the work values of adults. Analyses reveal that US respondents, ethnic minority youth in both countries, and young men in both countries, are more motivated by extrinsic work rewards than their respective comparison categories. Intrinsic aspects of work on the other hand are most highly valued by young women, students who do well in school, and students with artistic ambitions. Little evidence is found of parental education influencing work motivation in either context, signalling a break with earlier studies.
Linking suburban youth in Madrid and Paris. The role of civil society structures in the integration of children from Muslim backgrounds

This comparative study focuses on how civil society structures influence youth from a Muslim background in their upward mobility and local belonging (to the neighbourhood and to the city). Under comparison are one banlieue in Paris and one barrio in Madrid, similar in terms of social precarity and yet different in their degree of ethnic and religious diversity, their connection to the city centre, the state funding they receive and their civic participation. In the case of the neighbourhood of San Cristóbal (Madrid), a lack of state investment has resulted in a diminished capacity for civil society to connect young people to new opportunities. However, their daily contact with the city centre, the ethnic diversity in the neighbourhood and collaborative efforts between secular and religious structures work together to foster a sense of mixed belonging among young Spanish Muslims. In contrast, significant investment by the State in the suburb of Les Bosquets (Paris) since the riots in 2005 have indeed linked young people to new opportunities, but at the cost of an institutionalisation of civil society structures. In Les Bosquets, increased ethnic segregation, geographical isolation, and the estrangement of religious and ‘laic’ (i.e. secular) organisations are all responsible for the new sense of malaise felt by youths, thus severely affecting their sense of belonging.
GROWTH AND REPRODUCTION OF THE MINUTE LAND SNAIL PUNCTUM PYGMAEUM (DRAPARNAUD)

La reproduction (oviposition et œufs) et la naissance (taille a l'eclosion, croissance et taille a la maturite) ont ete etudiees chez P. pygmaeum. La reproduction est comparee avec celle d'autres especes de petits escargots vivant dans la litiere de feuille
Effect of Aspergillus meal prebiotic (fermacto) on performance of broiler chickens in the starter phase and fed low protein diets

SUMMARY Aspergillus meal is a feed additive used to improve broiler gut health and performance. Trials reported here indicate that Aspergillus meal may offer a protein sparing effect when used with low protein diets. Aspergillus meal might offer better results when the level of protein and amino acids is lower than those recommended by NRC or applied in commercial flocks. Lower levels of protein and amino acids as compared with those recommended by NRC or applied in commercial flocks are also a potential environmental benefit. Thus, low protein diets are of interest and important for feed additive evaluation and animal performance.
Preventive Effect of Bridelia micrantha Leaf Extract on Insulin Resistance and Dyslipidaemia in Rats Fed with High Salt Diet

The preventive effect of Bridelia micrantha leaf extract on insulin resistance and dyslipidaemia in high-salt diet rats were investigated. Twenty-four Wistar rats were divided into four groups of six rats each. Group one serves as control and was fed with normal feed for 6 weeks, group 2 was fed with high salt diet only for 6 weeks while groups 3 and 4 were fed with high-salt diet and orally administered methanol extract of Bridelia micrantha leaf at a dose of 50 and 200 mg/kg/day simultaneously for 6 weeks. At the end of the study, fasting blood glucose level, fasting blood insulin level and lipid profile and were measured. Homeostasis model of assessment for IR (HOMA-IR), triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index triglyceride (TG)/HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C) and total cholesterol (TC)/HDL-C ratios were estimated. Fasting insulin, HOMA-IR and TyG levels of rats given highsalt diet only significantly increased compared with control showing induction of insulin resistance. There was also impaired glucose tolerance and dyslipidaemia in the high-salt diet only rats. The high-salt diet rats administered Bridelia micrantha at doses of 50 and 200 mg/kg/day lower the above parameters significantly when compared with the group given only high-salt diet, with stronger impact by the methanolic extract. In Conclusion, oral administration of Bridelia micrantha leaf extract could prevent the development of insulin resistance and hyperlipidaemia in high-salt diet-fed rat.
DISTRIBUTION OF DATE PALMS IN THE MIDDLE EAST BASED ON FUTURE CLIMATE SCENARIOS

SUMMARY One consequence of climate change is change in the phenology and distribution of plants, including the date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.). Date palm, as a crop specifically adapted to arid conditions in desert oases and to very high temperatures, may be dramatically affected by climate changes. Some areas that are climatically suitable for date palm growth at the present time will become climatically unsuitable in the future, while other areas that are unsuitable under current climate will become suitable in the future. This study used CLIMEX to estimate potential date palm distribution under current and future climate scenarios using one emission scenario (A2) with two different global climate models (GCMs), CSIRO-Mk3.0 (CS) and MIROC-H (MR). The results of this study indicated that Saudi Arabia, Iraq and Iran are most affected countries as a result of climate change. In Saudi Arabia, 129 million ha (68%) of currently suitable area is projected to become unsuitable by 2100. However, this is based on climate modelling alone. The actual decrease in area may be much smaller when abiotic and other factors are taken into account. On the other hand, 13 million ha (33%) of currently unsuitable area is projected to become suitable by 2100 in Iran. Additionally, by 2050, Israel, Jordan and western Syria will become climatically more suitable. Cold and heat stresses will play a significant role in date palm distribution in the future. These results can inform strategic planning by government and agricultural organizations to identify areas for cultivation of this profitable crop in the future, and to address those areas that will need greater attention because they are becoming marginal regions for date palm cultivation.
Experiences of occupation-based practice: An Australian phenomenological study of recently graduated occupational therapists

Introduction The call for occupational therapists to embrace occupation-based practice has increased in recent decades. Little is known about how occupational therapists perceive and implement occupation-based practice. This study aims to uncover the experiences of new and recent graduates using occupation in their practice. Method A phenomenological design guided the development of semi-structured interviews. New and recent Australian occupational therapy graduates were interviewed about their experiences of occupation in their practice. Interview transcripts formed the data and themes were developed by thematic analysis. Findings Eighteen occupational therapists were interviewed. Three main themes emerged from the data. Overall, graduates found it challenging to embrace occupation in their everyday practice, deciding it is more pressing to remediate impairments than to enable occupations. Some participants stated that occupation-based practice was unrealistic given the efficiency pressures of their practice environments. However, graduates felt that with more experience they would be able to implement occupation in their daily practice. Conclusion Recently graduated occupational therapists in Australia find it challenging to consistently implement occupation in their daily practice. Confidence to apply occupation-based skills is an important factor for implementing occupation in practice. Some recent graduates are choosing impairment-based techniques over occupation-based practice.
The Practice of Fairtrade Support

This article employs a practice–theoretical approach in order to explore how preferences towards Fairtrade goods emerge and are sustained through engagement in varied social practices. In recent years, the rates of Fairtrade consumption have been growing steadily both within the UK and globally and this growth has been widely represented as the result of thousands of individual citizen-consumers ‘voting’ for fairer trade. This article moves away from current accounts of (Fairtrade) consumption that rely on models of conscious and expressive consumer choice and instead demonstrates how consumption is shaped by shared structures of knowledge, institutional frameworks and infrastructures of provision. In so doing, attention is drawn to the wider practice of Fairtrade support which is collectively constituted by agents from diverse social backgrounds and in which consuming Fairtrade goods forms only one part of what is means to be a ‘Fairtrade supporter’.
Endogenous IFN-α Production by Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells Exerts an Antiviral Effect on Thymic HIV-1 Infection1

Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDC) are the principal producers of IFN-α in response to viral infection. Because pDC are present in the thymus, we investigated the consequences of HIV-1-induced IFN-α production by thymic pDC. We observed that thymic pDC as well as thymocytes express intracellular IFN-α upon infection with HIV-1. However, only the pDC could suppress HIV-1 replication, because depletion of pDC resulted in enhancement of HIV-1 replication in thymocytes. Thymic pDC could also produce IFN-α in response to CpG oligonucleotides, consistent with the observations of others that peripheral pDC produce IFN-α upon engagement of TLR-9. Importantly, CpG considerably increased IFN-α production induced by HIV-1, and addition of CpG during HIV-1 infection enhanced expression of the IFN response protein MxA in thymocytes and strongly reduced HIV-replication. Our data indicate that thymic pDC modulate HIV-1 replication through secretion of IFN-α. The degree of inhibition depends on the level of IFN-α produced by the thymic pDC.
Exceptionally big individual perch (Perca fluviatilis L.) and their growth

In Lake Windermere (U.K.) where there was a dense, slow-growing population of perch (Perca fluviatilis L.) which had an lx of about 180 mm, there co-existed a few individuals with an lx of 463 mm. Data from 137 of these big perch, mostly caught in gillnets fishing for Esox lucius L. , were examined. Their early growth was identical to that of normal perch, but, at an age, varying between individuals, from 1 to 8 and averaging 4 years, their growth accelerated for about 4 years and then followed a von Bertalanffy model with an lx of 463 mm. They thus had a ‘double’ growth-curve that is revealed only if individual growth is examined. Acceleration tended to occur in certain calendar years and was correlated with strong year-classes of young perch. Growth was greater in years with warm summer water temperatures. There were no changes in the growth of big perch, after they had achieved 290 mm, during a period of great changes in the population density and an increase in the growth of normal perch < 290 mm. No more big perch were caught in Windermere between 1967 and 1990. Net selection, length-weight relationships, seasonal cycle in gonad weight, and opercular-body length relationship were the same as those of normal perch. The few available data suggest that big perch were piscivorous, feeding largely on small perch. The distribution of sites in the lake where big perch were caught is contagious, catches follow the negative binomial; but within fishings that caught big perch at the same site and time, catches were more evenly distributed than random. It is postulated that most adults would have accelerated their growth if they had sustained piscivory. Similar big perch have been found in other lakes.
Structured & learnable regularizers for modeling inverse problems in fast MRI

Contemporary Magnetic Resonance imaging technology has enabled structural, anatomical and functional assessment of various organ systems by allowing in-vivo visualization of those organs in terms of the biophysical parameters of the tissue. MRI still suffers from the slow image acquisition. The prolonged scan time enforces trade-offs between image quality and image acquisition time, often resulting in low spatial resolution, low signal to noise ratio, presence of artifacts resulting from patient or physiological motion. Therefore, the inverse problems that arise from MR image reconstruction tend to maximize image quality from minimally acquired signal observations. We study study the manipulation of the number of observations, based on the knowledge of the underlying image structure . We start with studying an existing two step acquisition technique that seems to produce high quality reconstructions of dynamic MR images. We consider the recovery of a matrix X, which is simultaneously low rank and joint sparse, from few measurements of its columns using a two-step algorithm. Here, X captures a dynamic cardiac time-series. Our main contribution is to provide sufficient conditions on the measurement matrices that guarantee the recovery of such a matrix using a particular two-step algorithm. We illustrate the impact of the sampling pattern on reconstruction quality using breath held cardiac cine MRI and cardiac perfusion MRI data, while the utility of the algorithm to accelerate the acquisition is demonstrated on MR parameter mapping. In the next study, another structure is explored, where the underlying static image is assumed to be piece-wise constant. Here, we consider the recovery of a continuous domain piecewise constant image from its non-uniform Fourier samples using a convex matrix completion algorithm. We assume the discontinuities/edges of the image are localized to the zero levelset of a bandlimited function. The proposed algorithm reformulates the recovery of the unknown Fourier coefficients as a structured low-rank
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Allelopathic Potential of Hairy Vetch (Vicia Villosa) and Cowpea (Vigna Unguiculata) Methanol and Ethyl Acetate Extracts on Weeds and Vegetables

Bioassay experiments were conducted to determine the phytotoxicity of methanol and ethyl acetate extracts of hairy vetch and cowpea residues on the germination and radicle elongation of three vegetable crops and three weed species. The species tested included common chickweed, redroot pigweed, wild carrot, tomato, corn, and cucumber. The extracts of both species were dissolved in methanol to yield seven concentrations ranging from 0 to 8 g/L. Germination was significantly reduced by methanol and ethyl acetate extracts of hairy vetch extracts except for corn and tomato. Common chickweed and wild carrot were the only species that showed consistent reduction in germination with the methanol and ethyl acetate cowpea extracts. The radicle growth of most species, with the exception of corn and cucumber, was reduced by the extracts of both cover crops. Corn and cucumber radicle elongation was stimulated at low concentrations of the extracts; however, these observations were not significantly different among treatments. This study demonstrated that methanol and ethyl acetate extracts of hairy vetch and cowpea contained allelopathic compounds and that their phytotoxicity is likely species specific. Future studies should focus on the identification and isolation of the allelochemical(s) found in the methanol and ethyl acetate extracts of the hairy vetch and cowpea residues. Nomenclature: Hairy vetch, Vicia villosa Roth; cowpea, Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp; common chickweed, Stellaria media (L.) Vill. STEME; redroot pigweed, Amaranthus retroflexus L. AMARE; wild carrot, Daucus carota L. DAUCA; corn, Zea mays L; cucumber, Cucumis sativus L; tomato, Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.
Macartney Rose (Rosa bracteata) Response to Herbicide and Mowing Treatments

Abstract Macartney rose is an aggressive thorny shrub that displaces forage species and hinders cattle grazing in rangelands and pastures of the southern United States. Historically, Macartney rose has proven to be extremely difficult to control even with high rates of soil residual herbicides such as picloram. Recent advances in herbicide chemistry warrant testing on this troublesome species. We compared mowing and late summer broadcast applications of thirteen herbicide treatments that included combinations of aminopyralid, fluroxypyr, metsulfuron, picloram, triclopyr, and 2,4-D. Treatments were applied to the same rose clumps for 2 consecutive yr. An additional mowing was done to one half of the rose clumps in each treatment 6 mo after the second herbicide treatment. At 11 mo after initial treatment (MAIT), mowing and all herbicide treatments performed very poorly and provided 35% control or less. At 12 mo after retreatment (24 MAIT), picloram + 2,4-D and aminopyralid + metsulfuron, both followed by mowing, were the most effective treatments, providing 72 to 91% control. All other treatments provided less than 70% control. However, complete clump mortality was very low across all treatments, ranging from 3 to 32%. These results indicate that Macartney rose suppression is possible with certain new herbicides, but complete clump kill is still lacking. Nomenclature: Aminopyralid, fluroxypyr, metsulfuron, picloram, triclopyr, 2,4-D, Macartney rose, Rosa bracteata J. C. Wendl. ROSBC Management Implications: Macartney rose is one of the most difficult-to-control thorny shrubs in pastures across the Southeast. We evaluated a suite of newer pasture herbicides that included several combinations of 2,4-D, aminopyralid, fluroxypyr, metsulfuron, picloram, and triclopyr. Broadcast treatments were applied for 2 consecutive yr in August over the same individual rose clumps and mowing was done 6 mo after the second application. We found that none of the herbicides and rates tested effectively killed entire clumps but that Macartney rose was suppressed best with picloram + 2,4-D treatments. Triclopyr was ineffective when applied alone or when tank-mixed with aminopyralid + 2,4-D or aminopyralid + metsulfuron. Metsulfuron was also ineffective and did not improve control when applied with aminopyralid alone or in combination with 2,4-D. These results indicate that typical annual broadcast applications currently utilized for broadleaf pasture weed control will not effectively eliminate the invasive shrub Macartney rose and more integrated methods need to be evaluated.