Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Far North Geomapping Initiative: Quaternary geology of the Great Island–Kellas Lake area, northern Manitoba (parts of NTS 54L, M, 64I, P)

This is the second of a multi-year collaboration between the Manitoba Geological Survey, the Geological Survey of Canada and the University of Waterloo to investigate the surficial geology in northern Manitoba, as part of the Manitoba Far North Geomapping Initiative. This surficial geology study aims to elucidate the glacial geology and geomorphology of Manitoba’s far north (north of 58°) – an objective that, in conjunction with detailed bedrock mapping, will provide a modern geoscience knowledge base tailored towards current and future mineral exploration and development. This report presents a summary of fieldwork activities related to a month-long detailed survey in summer 2010. Geological observations, sampling of glacial sediments (till) and/or measurements of ice-flow indicators were recorded at 237 stations within an 8100 km2 area in northeastern Manitoba, which extends from south of the Seal River in the Great Island area to Kellas Lake in the north. A series of 1:50 000 scale surficial geology maps is in progress for the Great Island–Kellas Lake area, which encompasses 5700 km2. The preliminary findings of this mapping are presented herein. The Quaternary geology survey focused on collection of ice-flow indicator data and till samples for dispersal train analysis. Samples were collected from till plains, till blankets, till veneers and from streamlined terrain and Rogen moraine terrain, in an effort to establish sediment–landform relationships in northeastern Manitoba. Once analysis and interpretations are completed, these relationships will be applied to update drift-prospecting methodologies for northern Manitoba. Additionally, Rogen moraine and streamlined terrain areas were mapped and sampled throughout the study area. To investigate the internal architecture of Rogen moraine ridges in the area, shallow shear-wave seismic reflection surveys were carried out on three Rogen moraine ridges in separate fields. Several ground-penetrating radar surveys were also attempted, but due to a combination of silty sand tills and permafrost, electromagnetic wave penetration was insufficient. New results are discussed to further the understanding of the Rogen moraine ridged landscape and to eventually postulate a formation model for Rogen moraines near the Keewatin Ice Divide in northern Manitoba. New ice-flow indicators were found that delimit ice flow to the northeast, east and east-southeast, in addition to known ice-flow indicators trending towards the southeast, south, southwest and west-southwest. These new ice-flow indicators are usually rare and protected features, but also include fine striations on top of outcrops that signify the youngest regional flows. Not all striations and grooves developed and/or preserved directional indicators and it is hoped that dispersal train analysis, of pebbles and till matrix geochemistry, will provide additional constraints for relative chronology of the multiple ice-flow directions.
Financial Development, Trade Openness and Economic Growth: The Evidence from West African Countries Revisited

This study investigates the relationship among financial development, trade openness and economic growth for a panel of 11 West African countries over the period from 1985 to 2018. Contrary to most existing studies, the analysis makes use of the Common Correlated Mean Group method and the Seemingly Unrelated Regression Estimator (SURE) to cope with both heterogeneity and cross-sectional dependency across countries. The study provides various pieces of evidence through whole-panel and countrylevel analyses. The results from the panel analysis show that financial development and trade openness have, on average, positive effects on economic growth both in the short and long run. The Granger causality tests show that real GDP, financial development and trade openness are mutually causal, implying that their simultaneous development should be promoted. In the short run, however, there is unidirectional causality flowing from trade openness to financial development. The results also show that investment is an important channel through which financial development and trade feed economic growth. The country-level results reveal, however, considerable heterogeneity across countries. The long-run growth effect of financial development is positive in 8 countries while that of trade openness is positive in 6 countries. The results have important policy implications for the financial sector and trade development of West African countries.
Combustion of microalgae Nannochloropsis oculata biomass: cellular macromolecular and mineralogical content changes during thermal decomposition

The cellular macromolecular and mineralogical content changes during the combustion of Nannochloropsis oculata biomass have been investigated. A Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analyzer was used to investigate the cellular macromolecular content changes of biomass at every stage of decomposition during heating to 1200 ̊C. From ambient temperatures to 190 ̊C, similar spectra were obtained, indicating relatively little change in the chemical structure of the biomass material. Changes in the spectra are very noticeable from 190 to 1200 ̊C. The combustion process begins with thermal cracking of the OH groups of silanol that escape together with moisture at temperatures up to 190 ̊C. Subsequent temperature increase decreased intensity of the spectrum, indicating thermal degradation of the organic compounds derived from lipids, proteins, and carbohydrates. These processes occur up to 800 ̊C. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) results showed that the mineral constituents of biomass degraded during the combustion process, and a portion reacted to form new compounds such as melilite (Ca6Na2O15Si4). The SEM images show a morphological distinction between biomass and its residue at 1200 ̊C, due to the decomposition and rearrangement of the mineral content during heating. Fragmentation of the samples also occurred during heating, characterized by more uniform residue at 1200 ̊C.
CLINICAL ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT OF EQUINE WOUNDS

The present study was carried on 355 drafting equine (135 horses, 210 donkeys and 10 mules) suffered from different varieties of skin wounds. These animals were subjected to full clinical study including history, physical and clinical inspection in addition to parasitological and hist-opathological examinations for the suspected non-traumatic lesions. The incidence, according to, the locations of wounds were in the head regions (28.2%), neck (5.6%), back (2.8%), shoulders (5.6%), chest (4.2%), gluteal region (2.8%), and abdomen (5.6%), fore limbs (19.7%) and hind limbs (25.4%). Wounds were treated either by surgical debri-dement, high-pressure lavage, suturing, infusion, lancing, excisions, electro-surgery and/or bandaging. Modified – shaped wound defects were closed completely or partially by the aid of centripetal closure, undermining, local skin flap and relaxing incisions. Exuberant granulation tissue was seen as a common complication of wounds of the lower limbs in donkeys and horses. Mal-interference, chemical irritants, motion and infection promote its development. Primary closure was suited to fresh wound that minimally traumatized while in contaminated wounds delayed primary closure was adopted within 4-5 days of injury before the formation of granulation tissue.
Quantifying mis-modelling effects in the GNSS yaw- attitude and phase wind-up

The yaw-attitude modelling of GNSS satellites is a critical objective underlying the phase wind-up (PWU) correction and orbit determination. The attitude mis-modelling during the eclipse seasons may lead to a significant impact in the Precise Point Positioning (PPP), applications with demanding availability requirements. The current study focuses on the numerical investigation of the GNSS yaw-attitude model as this has been implemented into our Analysis Centre Software (ACS) Orbit Determination and Positioning (ODP) module. We focus on periods during the eclipse and their impact on the PWU by considering tabulated GNSS precise orbit data. The present analysis aims at quantifying underlying issues in precise applications such as the impact of the yaw-angle mis-modelling to the PWU effect. The yaw-attitude analysis has been performed for daily and annual time periods. The modelling of the yaw-angle variations over annual periods, as a function of the β angle during a GNSS draconic year forms a useful prediction scheme of the GNSS eclipse seasons and the expected impact in the user’s observations. The current approach has been applied for satellites included in the GPS Blocks IIA, IIR, IIF and the GLONASS-M series.
Common European Framework Implementation and English Language Learning Challenges

This paper is a short review regarding the challenges of implementing Common European Framework on EFL context outside of the Europe. It is mainly focused on the limitations of CEF, investigated the common reasons of the discrepancy between EFL and ESL learners` proficiency levels according to CEF, and finally presented the possible adopted version of Comprehensible Input by Stephen Krashen in EFL context as the probable solution to overcome some problems that EFL learners may encounter while learning a foreign language.
Impact-related ore deposits

Due to the energy transfer during an impact event, the earth surface is extensively modified at the location of collision. As a consequence, the potential of the formation of ore deposits at impact sites sh ould be considered. Relative to the time of impact, the following classification ha s been proposed: progenetic, syngenetic and epigenetic deposits. Two world-class mining districts are discussed further: the Witwatersrand Au-U deposits and the Cu -Ni-PGE deposits of the Sudbury Complex. The deposits of Witwatersrand own their preservation to the Vredefort impact event and are therefore classified as a progenetic deposit, whereas the syngenetic Sudbury ore bodies are origi nated from an impact generated melt. At both localities the impacts led to hy drothermal activity which could be regarded as an epigenetic overprint.
Molecular Identification of Some Respiratory Pathogens from Broiler Chickens in Sharkia Governorate, Egypt

In this study, we investigated the prevelance of avian influenza virus (AIV) (subtypes H5 and H9), infectious bronchitis virus (IBV), Newcastle disease virus (ND) and Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG) incriminated in respiratory troubles among chicken broilers at different localities in Sharkia Governorate during 2013-2017 outbreaks. Out of 53 broiler flocks, 225 chickens showing respiratory manifestations were examined. Viral isolation from respiratory tissues, serological and molecular identification were done. Based on hemagglutination inhibition (HI) test, for 42 positive haemagglutinating allantoic fluids, the prevalence of NDV and AIV (H9 and H5 subtypes) was 64.3%, 45.3%and 2,4% respectively. Two diagnostic polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays were used. Based on TaqMan probe base real-time PCR, 17/19, 10/42 and 1/42 flocks were confirmed to be infected with IBV, AIV subtype H9 and H5 respectively. Moreover, conventional PCR amplification for detection of Mycoplasma gallisepticum in 25 flocks was performed and revealed 56% (14/25) positive flocks. Subsequently, amplified products of three M. gallisepticum representative isolates were sequenced and phylogenitically analyzed with other strains on GenBank. The results revealed that the three examined isolates were wild type (field isolates). We could conclude that there were continuous circulation of different respiratory agents (viral (NDV, AIVH9 & H5, and IBV) and bacterial (MG) in broiler flocks in Sharkia Governorate either as single or mixed infection although wide using of different vaccination regimes and antibiotics so early diagnosis of these pathogens is considered the most effective tool in prevention and control of diseases.
Early introduction of complementary food and childhood stunting were linked among children aged 6-23 months

Background: Indonesia’s national stunting prevalence remains high. The transition from exclusive breastfeeding to poor complementary feeding practices may put infants at higher risk of becoming stunting. Objective: This study aimed to analyze the relationship between the early introduction of complementary food and stunting among young children aged 6-23 months in Kebumen Regency. Methods: A cross-sectional study design was conducted among 307 young children in Kebumen Regency, Central Java Province, Indonesia, by using multistage cluster sampling. Our primary outcome was stunting or height-for-age z-score <-2, whereas independent variables were child, maternal, and household factors. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression were performed to assess significant determinants at the level of significance 0.05. Results: Timely introduction of complementary food was a protective factor against stunting (AOR= 0.54; 95%CI: 0.31-0.94). Female children were less likely to be associated with stunting (AOR= 0.54; 95%CI: 0.32-0.93). Conversely, variables which significantly increased the risk of becoming stunting included older children aged 12-17 months (AOR= 2.01; 95%CI: 1.05-3.84) and 18-23 months (AOR= 4.17; 95%CI: 2.15-8.08) and maternal occupation in agricultural sectors (AOR= 3.77; 95%CI: 1.17-12.1). Conclusions: Child factors associated with stunting was the first timing of complementary feeding, child sex, and child age. The maternal factor linked to stunting was the mother's occupation in the agricultural sector. This study indicated that child and maternal factors play essential roles in childhood stunting.
Is there any relationship between unilateral vestibular neuritis and internal acoustic canal measurements?

Objectives: In this study, we aimed to compare the internal acoustic canal (IAC) measurements of the affected and unaffected sides of patients with unilateral vestibular neuritis (VN) on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Patients and Methods: January 2017 and December 2019, a total of 120 patients (65 males, 55 females; mean age 58.3±12.5 years; range, 21 to 83 years) who were diagnosed with VN according to clinical findings, video head impulse test (vHIT), and MRI findings were enrolled in this study. All measurements were performed on the axial constructive interference in steady state (CISS) sequences. The IAC inlet, mid-canal, and outlet widths were measured at the most distinctive cross-section of the facial nerve and superior vestibular nerve bifurcation. While calculating the length of IAC, the points were taken on the basis of where the inlet and outlet widths of the canal were measured. Results: According to the vHIT results, a single semicircular canal (SCC) was affected in 102 (85%) patients, while more than one SCC was affected in 18 (15%) patients. The inlet, mid-canal and outlet values of the affected side were significantly lower than those of the unaffected side (p<0.05). Regarding the IAC length measurement, there was no significant differences between the affected and unaffected sides (p>0.05). All of these parameters were slightly higher in males; however, this difference was not statistically significant (p>0.05). Conclusion: Our study results showed that the widths of the IAC were lower in the affected side of patients with unilateral VN. These findings may help to explain why acute VN cases occur only unilaterally, suggesting that a small sectional diameter of the IAC is a potential risk factor for VN.
Evolution of arterial hypertension in patients with hepatitis C virus cirrhosis after antiviral treatment

Background: Chronic hepatitis C (HCV) infection has direct and indirect manifestations that promote vascular resistance. On the other hand, HCV infection leads to liver cirrhosis and complications such as cardiomyopathy, characterized by a hyperdynamic state with low peripheral vascular resistance. The aim of this paper is to study the evolution of arterial hypertension in patients with liver cirrhosis, after the cure of HCV infection. Methods: This is a prospective observational cohort study including 261 hypertensive patients with compensated HCV cirrhosis who underwent direct-acting antiviral treatment. Blood pressure was monitored at the initiation of antiviral therapy and at 3, 6 and 12 months follow-up. Screening for cirrhosis complications was performed and patients were also monitored by electrocardiography, liver and kidney function tests, serum lipids and N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide. Results: Virologic response after antiviral treatment led to a better control of arterial hypertension with a decrease of 24 hours mean blood pressure by 15% (p=0.04, CI 95%). In patients with stable liver disease serum levels of N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide slowly decreased at 6 and 12 months (p=0.02, p=0.03), while in patients with cirrhosis decompensation the levels increased. Also, patients with decompensated cirrhosis presented lower blood pressure values and required discontinuation of antihypertensive drugs. Conclusions: Curing HCV infection may lead to a better control of blood pressure in patients with compensated liver disease. However, an abrupt decrease in blood pressure may be a clinical sign of progressive liver disease and cirrhotic cardiomyopathy.
Economics and yield advantages of Sugarcane and Sugarbeet intercropping system in Northern Karnataka

Field trials were conducted during two consecutive kharif seasons of 2010-11 and 2011-12 at University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad to evaluate tropical sugar beet cultivars (Cauvery, Shubhra, Magnolia and Calixta) with different row proportions (1:1, 1:2 and 1:3) in sugarcane. There were seventeen treatment combinations laid out in randomised complete block design with three replications. On the basis of results obtained from pooled analysis of two years data, Intercropping of Sugarcane + sugar beet (irrespective of sugar beet cultivars) in 1:2 and 1:3 RP recorded significantly higher net returns (Rs.196845 to 208766 ha & Rs.184429 to 197398 ha in 1:2 and 1:3 RP, respectively) but B:C was significantly higher in 1:1 RP (3.25 to 3.29). Similarly with respect to intercropping yield advantages, sugarcane + sugar beet (irrespective of sugar beet cultivars) in 1:2 and 1:3 RP recorded significantly higher sugarcane equivalent yield (SEY) (122.43 to 128.03 t ha & 119.24 to 125.32 t ha in 1:2 and 1:3 RP, respectively), LER (1.66 & 1.65to 1.67 in 1:2 and 1:3 RP, respectively), ATER (1.08 & 1.05 to 1.07 in 1:2 and 1:3 RP, respectively) and SPI (184.89 to 206.93 & 183.89 to 204.21 in 1:2 and 1:3 RP, respectively),when compared to 1:1 RP [(SEY:116.02 to 118.45 t ha), (LER: 1.40 to 1.41),(ATER:1.00 to 1.01) and (SPI:160.30 to 185.06)].
THE EFFECT OF SALINITY ON GROWTH OF GYMNODINIUM BREVE DAVIS

1. Bacteria-free Gymnodinium breve were exposed to media with salinity values ranging from 6.3 to 46.0%o; the best growth occurred between 27 and 37%o. These results indicate G. breve to be a relative stenohaline dinoflagellate.2. Field evidence associates high incidence of dense populations with salinity levels a few parts per thousand below those of the offshore waters of the Gulf of Mexico. Our results suggest that this field distribution does not represent a salinity requirement per se, since salt concentrations equivalent to those of the open Gulf did not inhibit growth of this organism in culture.3. No instances of optimal growth occurred in culture media with salinity levels of 24%o or less. Under equivalent estuarine conditions salinity may be a limiting factor in the natural distribution of G. breve.
Additively manufactured titanium alloys and effect of hydroxyapatite coating for biomedical applications: A review

Metallic implants are extensively used to treat a spectrum of orthopaedic related disorders. Among the metals, titanium and its alloys are considered most excellent and indispensable material for the production of orthopaedic implants regarding their sterling mechanical properties and exceptional biocompatibility. Recently, rapid progress in developing non-toxic titanium-based alloys with modulus similar to that of human bone has inspired researchers globally. Thus, many studies have focused on titanium alloys, their heat treatment processes and several processing technologies. Additive manufacturing has been designed to enhance their mechanical properties tailored towards biomedical applications. Inarguably, the need to further improve on the implant’s biocompatibility with bodily environment for optimum service life is of great importance. Hence, hydroxyapatite coating provides an improvement as demonstrated by in vitro as well as in vivo studies. The present article critically reviews, based on recent scientific literatures, the progress made thus far in the development of titanium-based alloys, additive manufacturing processes and their heat and surface treatments tailored towards biomedical applications.
The effect of Balint training on the psychological skills of residents beyond family medicine residency

Background: Engaging with the psychological well-being of patients is central to patient care. The empathy and psychological skills of practitioners may be enhanced by Balint training during the residency years. However, there is scarce evidence concerning the outcomes of Balint training beyond graduation. Objective: The aim of the study was to compare the psychological skills of practising family medicine graduates who had received Balint training during their residency compared to the skills of those who did not. Design: Cross-sectional, mixed-methods study. Setting: Family medicine graduates at the American University of Beirut. Methods: A telephone-based interview or an online-based questionnaire was used to survey family medicine graduates between 2007 and 2018. Those who graduated between 2012 and 2018 had received Balint training, whereas the remainder had not. Psychological skills and abilities were measured using an 11-item Psychological Medicine Inventory (PMI) questionnaire. Results: Thirty-seven family medicine graduates participated in the study, with a response rate of 69.8%. There was no difference in the PMI item scores between those who received Balint training as compared to those who did not. In response to an open-ended question, participants emphasised the importance of Balint seminars in improving their communication abilities, dealing with ‘difficult’ patients, finding blind spots and developing the doctor–patient relationship. Exploratory factor analysis revealed three components that explained 80.6% of the total variance. None of these components was associated with Balint training. Conclusion: Although PMI scores did not differ between those who received Balint and those who did not, Balint training may improve family medicine graduates’ confidence to engage with the psychological problems of patients beyond residency based on the statements made by the practising graduates.