Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Location-free link state routing for underwater acoustic sensor networks

We propose a location-free link state routing protocol for Underwater Acoustic Sensor Networks (UASNs). Additionally, we present the mathematical background for the theoretical capacity and transmission power metrics of an underwater acoustic channel. UASNs are formed by devices enabled with acoustic communication capabilities that are deployed underwater to perform collaborative monitoring tasks. Information is collected by a sink at the surface also equipped with a radio. The underwater communication channel is characterized by a limited bandwidth and high propagation delay. The network topology constantly changes due to mobility of the nodes. In our routing protocol, every node ranks the quality of the path that it offers toward the sink. Packet forwarding is performed hop-by-hop considering one or several routing metrics, e.g., hop count or pressure. To avoid communication void problems, every node selects a one-hop neighbor within an area that guarantees progress toward a sink. Our strategy is loop-free. It includes a recovery mode handling network topology changes. Our routing protocol was implemented in NS-3 to conduct experiments.
Biochemical properties of V91G calmodulin: A calmodulin point mutation that deregulates muscle contraction in Drosophila

A mutation (Cam7) to the single endogenous calmodulin gene of Drosophila generates a mutant protein with valine 91 changed to glycine (V91G D‐CaM). This mutation produces a unique pupal lethal phenotype distinct from that of a null mutation. Genetic studies indicate that the phenotype reflects deregulation of calcium fluxes within the larval muscles, leading to hypercontraction followed by muscle failure. We investigated the biochemical properties of V91G D‐CaM. The effects of the mutation on free CaM are minor: Calcium binding, and overall secondary and tertiary structure are indistinguishable from those of wild type. A slight destabilization of the C‐terminal domain is detectable in the calcium‐free (apo‐) form, and the calcium‐bound (holo‐) form has a somewhat lower surface hydrophobicity. These findings reinforce the indications from the in vivo work that interaction with a specific CaM target(s) underlies the mutant defects. In particular, defective regulation of ryanodine receptor (RyR) channels was indicated by genetic interaction analysis. Studies described here establish that the putative CaM binding region of the Drosophila RyR (D‐RyR) binds wild‐type D‐CaM comparably to the equivalent CaM‐RyR interactions seen for the mammalian skeletal muscle RyR channel isoform (RYR1). The V91G mutation weakens the interaction of both apo‐ and holo‐D‐CaM with this binding region, and decreases the enhancement of the calcium‐binding affinity of CaM that is detectable in the presence of the RyR target peptide. The predicted functional consequences of these changes are consonant with the in vivo phenotype, and indicate that D‐RyR is one, if not the major, target affected by the V91G mutation in CaM.
Human-Robot Interaction

It is interesting to explore the world of robotic research to understand the complex work and issues that are being dealt with researches around the world. This paper discusses current achievements in robotics by scientists and big corporations it also explore the effect that robots may have on the society and also look into the ethical issues that may arise with this new domain of Human Robot Interaction. I will look at how scientist achieve anthropomorphism by creating more realistic interactions between humans and robots to deceive humans into believing robots can actually understand the humans.
ZZX_MT: the BeiHang MT System for NTCIR-9 PatentMT Task

paper, we describe ZZX_MT machine translation system for the NTCIR-9 Patent Machine Translation Task(PatentMT). We participated in the Chinese-English translation subtask and submit three results, which correspond to three different models or decoding algorithms respectively. Both of the first two are phrase-based SMT approaches integrating the BTG constraint into reordering models, and the last one is a hybrid system, which is an SMT system while using an example-based decoder. As a PBSMT, ZZX_MT uses a Tree-Tree model to combine the global and local reordering together. In this model, we will use the BTG for the global reordering, and assume the structure of the BTG tree is independent of the local reordering of the two adjacent phrase pairs, so we can design the global and local reordering models respectively. Also, we provide a tree isomorphism model to use the source-side parser tree to constrain the BTG tree, and provide a local reordering model. Through the tree isomorphism model, we can incorporate the linguistic syntactic knowledge into the formally syntax-based translation model. In order to consider the global reordering further, ZZX_MT provides an example-based decoder, using the translation example to constrain the translation sentence's structure.
Inherently Lower Complexity Architectures using Dynamic Optimization

Based on the conviction that modern superscalar outof-order designs squander useful resources for little incremental gain, the BOA team embarked on a design effort to develop an architecture where computational elements dominated the design. At the same time, we wanted to preserve the ability to adapt to changing workload behavior dynamically, but without the overhead inherent in traditional out-of-order designs. We turned to maturing dynamic compilation technology to achieve dynamic adaptability, while keeping core complexity low.
Studies of muscle proteins in embryonic myocardial cells of cardiac lethal mutant mexican axolotls (Ambystoma mexicanum) by use of heavy meromyosin binding and sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis

In the Mexican axolotl Ambystoma mexicanum recessive mutant gene c, by way of abnormal inductive processes from surrounding tissues, results in an absence of embryonic heart function. The lack of contractions in mutant heart cells apparently results from their inability to form normally organized myofibrils, even though a few actin-like (60-A) and myosin-like (150-A) filaments are present. Amorphous "proteinaceous" collections are often visible. In the present study, heavy meromyosin (HMM) treatment of mutant heart tissue greatly increases the number of thin filaments and decorates them in the usual fashion, confirming that they are actin. The amorphous collections disappear with the addition of HMM. In addition, an analysis of the constituent proteins of normal and mutant embryonic hearts and other tissues is made by sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) gel electrophoresis. These experiments are in full agreement with the morphological and HMM binding studies. The gels show distinct 42,000-dalton bands for both normal and mutant hearts, supporting the presence of normal actin. During early developmental stages (Harrison's stage 34) the cardiac tissues in normal and mutant siblings have indistinguishable banding patterns, but with increasing development several differences appear. Myosin heavy chain (200,000 daltons) increases substantially in normal hearts during development but very little in mutants. Even so the quantity of 200,000-dalton protein in mutant hearts is significantly more than in any of the nonmuscle tissues studied (i.e. gut, liver, brain). Unlike normal hearts, the mutant hearts lack a prominent 34,000-dalton band, indicating that if mutants contain muscle tropomyosin at all, it is present in drastically reduced amounts. Also, mutant hearts retain large amounts of yolk proteins at stages when the platelets have virtually disappeared from normal hearts. The morphologies and electrophoresis patterns of skeletal muscle from normal and mutant siblings are identical, confirming that gene c affects only heart muscle differentiation and not skeletal muscle. The results of the study suggest that the precardiac mesoderm in cardiac lethal mutant axolotl embryos initiates but then fails to complete its differentiation into functional muscle tissue. It appears that this single gene mutation, by way of abnormal inductive processes, affects the accumulation and organization of several different muscle proteins, including actin, myosin, and tropomyosin.
Relationship between the Pathogenic Representatives of Periodontal Pockets Microbiocenosis in Patients with Periodontitis with Varying Degrees of Severity

Periodontitis is a common disease that is considered to be a manifestation of the distortion of the ratio between the normal and conditionally pathogenic microflora of periodontal pockets. In this study, the ratio between the six most important periodontal pathogens and the total microflora of the periodontal pocket in healthy individuals and patients with varying severity of periodontitis was ascertained by quantitative real-time PCR. It was ascertained that the relative content ofPorphyromonas gingivalis,Prevotella intermedia, andTannerella forsythensis(Bacteroides forsythus) persistently develops in the total microflora of the periodontal pocket upon progressing periodontitis; this value is higher than that in the control group by more than two orders of magnitude upon a severe degree of chronic generalized periodontitis.
Phytoplankton Community Structure Based on Photopigment Markers in a Mid-Atlantic U.S. Coastal Lagoon: Significance for Hard-Clam Production

ABSTRACT Fantasia, R.L. ; Bricelj, V.M. , and Ren, L. , 2017. Phytoplankton community structure based on photopigment markers in a mid-Atlantic U.S. coastal lagoon: Significance for hard-clam production. In: Buchanan, G.A. ; Belton, T.J., and Paudel, B. (eds.), A Comprehensive Assessment of Barnegat Bay-Little Egg Harbor, New Jersey. Phytoplankton community structure at four contrasting sites in the Barnegat Bay-Little Egg Harbor (BB-LEH) Estuary was determined microscopically and by photopigment-CHEMTAX analysis. It was related to temperature, salinity, and weekly growth rates of juvenile hard clams, Mercenaria mercenaria, deployed at these sites during the summer in 2012 and 2013, pre- and post-Hurricane Sandy. Results indicated distinct differences in phytoplankton composition among sites, with a greater contribution of chlorophytes and cyanobacteria at the northernmost site, Island Beach State Park (IBSP). Photopigment analysis was useful in improving upon the taxonomic assessment of pico-coccoid (<3 μm) algae that are difficult to identify microscopically. The presence of the brown tide alga, Aureococcus anophagefferens, was confirmed by immunofluorescence during both years, with peak densities of 4.4 × 105 cells ml−1 in June 2013 at Sedge Island, in a Marine Conservation Zone that supports clam seeding. Concentrations of 19′but-fucoxanthin and A. anophagefferens showed a strong linear relationship, suggesting that this pigment is a good indicator of this pelagophyte in BB-LEH. The occurrence of brown tide was important to consider in CHEMTAX analysis as it affected the estimated contribution of diatoms to chl a, given that A. anophagefferens is also characterized by a relatively high fucoxanthin:chlorophyll a ratio. Generally, hard-clam tissue-growth rates were greatest at Sedge Island and Tuckerton, LEH, and least at IBSP, a lower salinity site, and off Harvey Cedars, a more developed site along a bulkheaded shoreline. Significant linear relationships were found between clam growth rate and diagnostic photopigments, with positive relationships for indicators of diatoms and negative relationships for those of cyanobacteria and chlorophytes.
NODE LOCALIZATION IN WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS

Awareness of location is one of the important and critical issue and challenge in wireless sensor network. Knowledge of Location among the participating nodes is one of the crucial requirements in designing of solutions for various issues related to Wireless sensor networks. Wireless sensor networks are being used in environmental applications to perform the number of task such as environment monitoring, disaster relief, target tracking, defences and many more. In many such tasks, node localization is inherently one of the system parameters. Node localization is required to report the origin of events, assist group querying of sensors, routing and to answer questions on the network coverage. So, one of the fundamental challenges in wireless sensor network is node localization. This paper provides an overview of different approach of node localization discovery in wireless sensor networks. The overview of the schemes proposed by different scholars for the improvement of localization in wireless sensor networks is also presented. Future research directions and challenges for improving node localization in wireless sensor networks are also discussed. Keywords—Localization technique, GPS, Anchor, Sensor node, Wireless Sensor Networks
A Proof of the Fisher Information Inequality via a Data Processing Argument

The Fisher information J(X) of a random variable X under a translation parameter appears in information theory in the classical proof of the entropy-power inequality (EPI). It enters the proof of the EPI via the De-Bruijn identity, where it measures the variation of the differential entropy under a Gaussian perturbation, and via the convolution inequality J(X+Y)/sup -1//spl ges/J(X)/sup -1/+J(Y)/sup -1/ (for independent X and Y), known as the Fisher information inequality (FII). The FII is proved in the literature directly, in a rather involved way. We give an alternative derivation of the FII, as a simple consequence of a "data processing inequality" for the Cramer-Rao lower bound on parameter estimation.
A randomized split-mouth clinical trial comparing  pain experienced during palatal injections with traditional syringe versus controlled-flow delivery Calaject technique.

OBJECTIVE To compare the pain experienced by patients during injections of local anesthesia in the palate using the traditional syringe and the controlled flow technique with the Calaject system. METHOD AND MATERIALS A single-blind, split-mouth, randomized controlled trial was performed. Twenty-five volunteers were recruited in the Dental Hospital of the University of Barcelona, Spain. Each participant received two injections (0.3 mL of mepivacaine 3%), one with the traditional syringe (control side) and another with the Calaject system (experimental side), both during the same session. Pain intensity was evaluated after each injection with a 100-mm visual analog scale (VAS). A descriptive and bivariate statistical analysis was made. RESULTS The mean pain experienced was 44.8 mm (standard deviation [SD] 19.0, range 8-72) with the traditional injection and 28.8 mm (SD 19.7, range 8-72) with the Calaject system (P < .001). Moderate/severe pain was more frequently referred in the control side (68%) in comparison with the experimental side (28%). CONCLUSION Given the parameters of this study's design, the injection of local anesthetics in the palatal area with the Calaject controlled-flow system seems to reduce pain, in comparison to the use of a traditional syringe.
Tn5 Transposase Active Site Mutants*

Tn5 transposase (Tnp) is a 53.3-kDa protein that is encoded by and facilitates movement of transposon Tn5. Tnp monomers contain a single active site that is responsible for catalyzing a series of four DNA breaking/joining reactions at one transposon end. Based on primary sequence homology and protein structural information, we designed and constructed a series of plasmids that encode for Tnps containing active site mutations. Following Tnp expression and purification, the active site mutants were tested for their ability to form protein-DNA complexes and perform each of the four catalytic steps in the transposition pathway in vitro. The results demonstrate that Asp-97, Asp-188, and Glu-326, visible in the active site of Tn5 crystal structures, are absolutely required for all catalytic steps. Mutations within a series of amino acid residues that are conserved in the IS4 family of transposases and retroviral integrases also impair Tnp catalytic activity. Mutations at either Tyr-319 or Arg-322 reduce both hairpin resolution and strand transfer activity within protein-DNA complexes. Mutations at Lys-333 reduce the ability of Tnps to form protein-DNA complexes, whereas mutations at the less strongly conserved Lys-330 have less of an effect on both synaptic complex formation and catalytic activity.
Remote Sensing and GIS as an Advance Space Technologies for Rare Vegetation Monitoring in Gobustan State National Park, Azerbaijan

This paper describes remote sensing methodologies for monitoring rare vegetation with special emphasis on the Image Statistic Analysis for set of training samples and classification. At first 5 types of Rare Vegetation communities were defined and the Initial classification scheme was designed on that base. After preliminary Statistic Analysis for training samples, a modification algorithm of the classification scheme was defined: one led us to creating a 4 class’s scheme (Final classification scheme). The different methods analysis such as signature statistics, signature separability and scatter plots are used. According to the results, the average separability (Transformed Divergence) is 1951.14, minimum is 1732.44 and maximum is 2000 which shows an acceptable level of accuracy. Contingency Matrix computed on the results of the training on Final classi- fication scheme achieves better results, in terms of overall accuracy, than the training on Initial classification scheme.
Reflection as the Basis for Developing a Dynamic SoC Persistence System

Persistence is a common application requirement that is usually taken into account when the program is being developed. Different emerging techniques following the Separation of Concerns principle are focused on detaching crosscutting concerns, like persistence, from the main application code. Although this is a profitable principle, existing tools lack two main features: runtime adaptability and language independence. This paper shows how computational reflection can be employed as a suitable technique to overcome the two previous limitations, offering dynamic adaptation of persistence features in a language independent way and achieving transparent separation of the application’s persistence concern.
Fast approximate furthest neighbors with data-dependent hashing

We present a novel hashing strategy for approximate furthest neighbor search that selects projection bases using the data distribution. This strategy leads to an algorithm, which we call DrusillaHash, that is able to outperform existing approximate furthest neighbor strategies. Our strategy is motivated by an empirical study of the behavior of the furthest neighbor search problem, which lends intuition for where our algorithm is most useful. We also present a variant of the algorithm that gives an absolute approximation guarantee; to our knowledge, this is the first such approximate furthest neighbor hashing approach to give such a guarantee. Performance studies indicate that DrusillaHash can achieve comparable levels of approximation to other algorithms while giving up to an order of magnitude speedup. An implementation is available in the mlpack machine learning library (found at this http URL).
Fetal Leydig Cell Origin and Development

Male sexual differentiation is a complex process requiring the hormone-producing function of somatic cells in the gonad, including Sertoli cells and fetal Leydig cells (FLCs). FLCs are essential for virilization of the male embryo, but despite their crucial function, relatively little is known about their origins or development. Adult Leydig cells (ALCs), which arise at puberty, have been studied extensively and much of what has been learned about this cell population has been extrapolated to FLCs. This approach is problematic in that prevailing dogma in the field asserts that these 2 populations are distinct in origin. As such, it is imprudent to assume that FLCs arise and develop in a similar manner to ALCs. This review provides a critical assessment of studies performed on FLC populations, rather than those extrapolated from ALC studies to assemble a model for FLC origins and development. Furthermore, we underscore the need for conclusive identification of the source population of fetal Leydig cells.
Ligature Segmentation for Urdu OCR

Urdu script uses superset of Arabic alphabet, but uses Nastaliq writing style. Nastaliq script is highly cursive, context sensitive and is written diagonally from top right to bottom left with stacking of characters, which makes it very hard to process for OCR. In addition, line and word segmentation are non-trivial tasks as we have frequently merging lines and vertically overlapping words and ligatures. Due to the challanges in character segmentation most of the researchers have taken the next higher unit, ligature, as recognition unit. A ligature is a connected component of one or more characters including diacritic marks and usually an Urdu word is composed of 1 to 8 ligatures. In this paper, we present a methodology for segmenting the Urdu text into ligatures. A hybrid approach, which uses top down technique for line segmentation and bottom up design for segmenting the line into ligatures, has been employed. The various challenges encountered during ligature segmentation such as horizontally overlapping and broken lines, merged ligatures and diacritic association have been discussed in detail.
FrameBreak: Dramatic Image Extrapolation by Guided Shift-Maps

We significantly extrapolate the field of view of a photograph by learning from a roughly aligned, wide-angle guide image of the same scene category. Our method can extrapolate typical photos into complete panoramas. The extrapolation problem is formulated in the shift-map image synthesis framework. We analyze the self-similarity of the guide image to generate a set of allowable local transformations and apply them to the input image. Our guided shift-map method reserves to the scene layout of the guide image when extrapolating a photograph. While conventional shift-map methods only support translations, this is not expressive enough to characterize the self-similarity of complex scenes. Therefore we additionally allow image transformations of rotation, scaling and reflection. To handle this increase in complexity, we introduce a hierarchical graph optimization method to choose the optimal transformation at each output pixel. We demonstrate our approach on a variety of indoor, outdoor, natural, and man-made scenes.
State estimation with a remote sensor under limited communication rate

This paper deals with the problem of estimating the state of a discrete-time linear Gaussian stochastic dynamical system subject to a limitation on the communication rate from the remote sensor unit. More specifically, the attention is devoted to a 2-node network consisting of: (1) a remote node S which collects measurements of the given system, computes optimal state estimates at the full measurement rate and transmits them at a reduced communication rate; (2) a local node F that, based on received estimates, provides an estimate of the system state at the full rate. A measurement-independent strategy for deciding when transmitting estimates from S to F will be considered. Sufficient conditions for the boundedness of the state covariance at node F will be given. Further, it will be shown that the optimal communication strategy for a given rate is characterized by an upper bound on the time between consecutive transmissions.