Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Are you more than the sum of your parents’ genes? Phenotypic plasticity in a clonal vertebrate and F1 hybrids of its parental species

All known vertebrate clones have originated from hybridization events and some have produced distinct evolutionary lineages via hybrid speciation. Amazon mollies (Poecilia formosa) present an excellent study system to investigate how clonal species have adapted to heterogeneous environments because they are the product of a single hybridization event between male sailfin mollies (Poecilia latipinna) and female Atlantic mollies (Poecilia mexicana). Here, we ask whether the hybrid species differs from the combination of its parental species’ genes in its plastic response to different environments. Using a three‐way factorial design, we exposed neonates produced by Amazon mollies and reciprocal F1 hybrid crosses to different thermal (24°C and 29°C) and salinity (0/2, 12, and 20 ppt) regimes. We measured various ontogenetic and life history characteristics across the life span of females. Our major results were as follows: (1) Reaction norms of growth and maturation to temperature and salinity are quite similar between the two hybrid crosses; (2) Amazon molly reaction norms were qualitatively different than the P. latipinna male and P. mexicana female (L×M) hybrids for the ontogenetic variables; (3) Amazon molly reaction norms in reproductive traits were also quite different from L×M hybrids; and (4) The reaction norms of net fertility were very different between Amazon mollies and L×M hybrids. We conclude that best locale for Amazon mollies is not the best locale for hybrids, which suggests that Amazon mollies are not just an unmodified mix of parental genes but instead have adapted to the variable environments in which they are found. Hybridization resulting in asexuality may represent an underappreciated mechanism of speciation because the unlikely events required to produce such hybrids rarely occur and is dependent upon the genetic distance between parental species.
Perfectionism Profiles and Motivation to Exercise Based on Self-Determination Theory

This study complements extant variable-centered research that focus on the relationship between perfectionism and the autonomous and controlled motivation to exercise. A person-centered approach is used for identifying perfectionism profiles as well as analyzing inter-profile differences in terms of the six regulatory styles located on the autonomy-control continuum. A sample of 597 (Mage = 22.08, SD = 3.33) Ecuadorian undergraduates enrolled in a sport science degree program was employed. Latent Profile Analysis based on two higher-order perfectionism dimensions, Perfectionistic Strivings (PS) and Perfectionistic Concerns (PC), supported a four-class solution: Non-Perfectionists (low PS and PC), Adaptive Perfectionists (high PS and low PC), Maladaptive Perfectionists (high PS and PC), and Moderate Perfectionists (moderate PS and PC). Adaptive Perfectionists obtained the highest means on Intrinsic, Integrated, and Identified regulations. However, these differences where only significant when compared with Moderate Perfectionists, and only in the case of Integrated regulation, in comparison with Non-Perfectionists. In contrast, Maladaptive Perfectionists obtained significantly higher scores on Introjected and External regulations as well as on Amotivation than the other three classes. Results are discussed in light of Self-Determination Theory.
Molecular phylogenetics and generic assessment in the tribe Pavetteae (Rubiaceae)

This is the first phylogenetic study focused on the Pavetteae, one of the most species-rich and morphologically diverse tribes within the coffee family (Rubiaceae). Fifteen of the 17 currently recognized genera, represented by 85 taxa, were sequenced for rps16, trnT-F and ITS and analysed using Bayesian inference and maximum likelihood methods. The monophyly of the Pavetteae is confirmed. Four major lineages are identified, but their phylogenetic relationships are not fully resolved. The continental African genera Rutidea, Nichallea and Tennantia, the Madagascan genera Homollea and Robbrechtia, and the paleotropical genus Pavetta are monophyletic. Other genera are paraphyletic in their current circumscriptions and the following changes are made: Homolliella is placed in synonymy with Paracephaelis, and Coleactina and Dictyandra with Leptactina, resulting in four new combinations. The large paleotropical genus Tarenna is shown not to be monophyletic. In the future, the name Tarenna should not be used for continental African species. Most of these could be transferred to the hitherto monospe- cific genus Cladoceras, but other species might constitute altogether new genera. The relationship between the monophyletic Asian-Pacific and Madagascan Tarenna species remains unclear. The phylogeny of the Madagascan genera of the Pavetteae is largely unresolved and the largest Madagascar-centred genus Coptosperma was not recovered as monophyletic. The low resolution for the Madagascan taxa can be considered as an indication of rapid radiation. Further molecular and morphologi- cal studies are necessary to clarify the phylogeny of the Pavetteae, especially regarding the African Tarenna species and the Madagascan genera of the tribe.
Nutritional aspects of nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) silage

One third of the world’s fishing produce is not directly used for human consumption. Instead, it is used for making animal food or is wasted as residue. It would be ideal to use the raw material thoroughly and to recover by-products, preventing the generation of residues. With the objectives of increasing the income and the production of the industry, as well as minimizing environmental and health problems from fish residue, chemical silage from Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) processing residues was developed after homogenization and acidification of the biomass with 3% formic acid: propionic, 1:1, addition of antioxidant BHT and maintenance of pH at approximately 4.0. Analyses to determine the moisture, protein, lipids and ash were carried out. The amino acids were examined in an auto analyzer after acid hydrolysis, except for the tryptophan which was determined through colorimetry. The tilapia silage presented contents that were similar to or higher than the FAO standards for all essential amino acids, except for the tryptophan. The highest values found were for glutamic acid, lysine and leucine. The results indicate a potential use of the silage prepared from the
Habitat selection by an Alpine ungulate: the significance of forage characteristics varies with scale and season

Habitat selection in ungulates should ensure access to abundant forage of sufficiently high quality. Species living in rugged mountain areas have to face nutritional bottlenecks regularly and should show particularly sophisticated habitat selection behaviour. However, patterns and mechanisms of such adaptations remain little studied. We analysed habitat selection and its seasonal variability of 10 GPS-collared red deer Cervus elaphus living in a topographically challenging landscape of the Swiss Alps. We hypothesised that resource selection by red deer was scale-dependent and predicted that scale-dependence would vary among seasons in relation to seasonal changes of available forage biomass and quality, which we sampled across the entire study area of 250 km 2 . The studied population of Alpine red deer undertook altitudinal migrations and showed scale-dependent habitat selection that was strongest in winter and declined through spring and summer. Selection occurred mostly at the larger (landscape/home-range location) scale and less so at the smaller (within home-range) scale. Topographic parameters were selected mainly at the landscape scale and mostly in winter. About 70% of all instances of preference for habitat parameters were associated with above-average forage characteristics, represented mostly by higher crude protein content, in a few cases also by higher biomass or both. The overall pattern of space use by red deer characterised by migration and seasonal habitat selection was therefore closely linked to the quality of food resources, although some trade-offs with avoiding human disturbance may also have been involved.
3D printed locking osteosynthesis screw threads have comparable strength to machined or hand‐tapped screw threads

Additive manufacturing, aka three dimensional (3D) printing, is increasingly being used for personalized orthopedic implants. Additively manufactured components normally undergo further processing, in particular 3D printed locking osteosynthesis plates require post‐printing screw thread creation. The aim of this study was to compare 3D printed threads with machined and hand‐tapped threads for a locking plate application. Pushout tests were performed on 115 additively manufactured specimens with tapered screw holes; additive manufacture was performed at 0°, 20°, 45°, or 90° build orientations. The screw holes were either machined, hand‐tapped or 3D printed. The 3D printed screw holes were left as printed, or run through with a tap lubricated with water or with thread cutting oil. Printed threads run through using oil, with a build orientation of 90°, had comparable pushout force (median: 6377 N 95% confidence interval [CI]: 5616‐7739 N) to machined (median: 6757 N; 95% CI: 6682‐7303 N) and hand‐tapped (median: 7805 N; 95% CI: 7154‐7850 N) threads. As printed threads and those run through using water had significantly lower pushout forces. This study shows for the first time that 3D printed screw threads for a locking osteosynthesis plate application have comparable strength to traditionally produced screw threads.
Assortative Preferences and Information Constraint in Choice of Major

The primary objective of this study is to examine the contribution of available information constrained by parents fields of study to the observed assortative preferences in their children’s choice of major. Comparable to panel models, we define within-family transmission functions with one-to-two matches (one for each parent). Using the confidential major file of the 2011 National Household Survey from Canada, the results show that children’s choice of field of study exhibits significant assortative preferences isolated from ability sorting and unobserved differences across majors and other family characteristics. With some caution, we attribute this persisting assortative tendency to the information asymmetry across alternative majors built on by parents educational backgrounds within families.
Diet of the Australian bass, Macquaria novemaculeata (Perciformes : Percichthyidae), in the Sydney Basin

Stomach contents of Australian bass, M. novemaculeata, sampled from the Hawkesbury River and Georges River in the Sydney Basin, New South Wales, between November 1977 and January 1982 were analysed by the occurrence and points methods. Stomach fullness was also recorded. A total of 143 aquatic and terrestrial animal taxa were present in the diet, and these were grouped into 19 food types for analysis. M. novemaculeata is a euryphagic carnivore. Season and habitat type had significant effects on composition of the diet. Insects were the most important food type, followed by fish and large crustaceans. A large proportion of the diet of bass was derived from allochthonous sources, mainly during summer, and especially in lotic habitats. Mean stomach fullness was highest in spring and lowest in winter. Young M. novernaculeata (TL 11-47 mm) from the Hawkesbury River estuary fed on far fewer prey taxa (mainly chironomids and copepods) than did adults. Dietary overlap occurs between M. novemaculeata and many other carnivorous freshwater vertebrates in the Sydney Basin. However, persistent competitive clashes are generally avoided, either by differences in microhabitat preference and feeding behaviour or by larger-scale habitat partitioning.
Resistance to thermal stress in preadult Drosophila buzzatii: variation among populations and changes in relative resistance across life stages

Resistance to a short term exposure to a high temperature stress was examined in eggs, larvae and pupae of Drosophila buzzfltii from seven localities. Across development, pupae were most resistant, followed by eggs, and then first and third-instar larvae. Variation among populations for resistance to heat stress was significant in all life stages. However, there was much less variation among populations where measured as eggs and pupae than for both first and third instar larvae. Older larvae showed large changes both in viability and developmental time, while exposure of young larvae to heat stress led to a decline in viability without delayed development. Populations that had the shortest developmental time at 25oC were relatively the most resistant to heat stress as larvae. High relative resistance at one preadult life stage was not necessarily associated with relatively high resistance at another, or with previous measurements of resistance for adults from these populations. Comparison of populations that were more similar in their pattern of change in resistance across development suggested a relationship with the climate of origin. The possibility that developmental variation in the expression of heat shock proteins may cause variation in resistance to thermal stress for different life stages is discussed.
FOREST EDGES AND TREE GROWTH RATES IN THE NORTH CAROLINA PIEDMONT

Forest fragmentation is a common process in forests worldwide, with implications for tree species composition and abundance. In particular, the effects of forest– non-forest edges on microclimate are often profound, usually resulting in increased light available to plants along the forest–non-forest edge. Using dendrochronological techniques, we assessed the effect of edges on the growth rates of four overstory species common in the North Carolina Piedmont: Acer rubrum, Liriodendron tulipifera, Liquidambar styraciflua, and Pinus taeda. Transects from the edge into the forest interior were established on 62 edges of varying aspect and ages in the Duke Forest (Durham, North Carolina, USA). Within a transect, all stems >10 cm in diameter were cored, and their spatial positions relative to the edge were recorded. Along each transect, a set of environmental and edaphic variables was measured including soil texture, soil concentrations of plant nutrients, and percentage of canopy closure. All transects were geo.
Efeitos ambientais e genéticos sobre escores visuais e ganho de peso à desmama de animais formadores da raça Brangus

The objective of this work was to study the effects of age of cow at calving (IPV) and age of calf at weaning (IDD) as well as the direct additive genetic effects (AD) and maternal (AM), and the individual heterozygosity (HI) on visual scores of conformation (CD), precocity (PD) and musculature (MD) and average daily weight gain from birth to weaning (GND), for animals used to form the Brangus breed. The study analyzed 53,683, 45,136, 52,937 and 56,471 records on CD, PD, MD and GND, respectively for animals born from 1986 to 2002. The data were provided by "Gensys Consultores Associados S/C Ltda". The environmental and genetics effects on these traits were analyzed using the least square method applying mathematical models that included fixed effects of contemporary group (GC) and IPV, IDD, AD, AM and HI as covariates. All environmental effects included in the model showed significant influence on the evaluated traits at weaning, except for IDD on GND and AM on all traits. All traits were significantly influenced by AD and HI. These results indicated that environmental and genetic effects were important sources of variation for these traits and, consequently, they should be considered in genetic evaluations.
Response of Birds and Reptiles to Fire Regimes on Pastoral Land in the Victoria River District, Northern Territory.

Birds and reptiles were censused at two sites of contrasting soil texture (clay, loam) on pastoral land in the Victoria River District, Northern Territory. Both sites comprised 16 plots (each of 2.6 ha) subjected to seven different experimental fire regimes (unburnt, burnt in the early dry season at 2, 4 and 6 year intervals, and burnt in the late dry season at 2, 4 and 6 year intervals) beginning five years before sampling (and thus, not all regimes had been operationally distinct between the onset of the experiment and this sampling). The regimes were deconstructed to four fire factors: the imposed regime, the time since last fire, the number of fires since the inception of the experiment, and the number of hot (=late dry season) fires. Of 30 species recorded from at least four plots, 12 were significantly associated with time since last fire. These responses were mostly to the extremes - some species were associated with the most recently burnt areas, and others occurred mainly in the plots which had been unburnt the longest. Longer- term responses to fire regimes were generally less clearcut, possibly because the relatively short duration of the imposed experimental fire treatments had not yet brought about substantial environmental divergence. Key words: fire regime, tropical savannas, birds, reptiles, diversity.
Germination of Piptochaetium napostaense (Speg.) Hackel and Stipa tenuis Phil. and seedling survival under field conditions

The objectives of this work were to investigate the germination of Piptochaetium napostaense and Stipa tenuis under laboratory conditions and to evaluate the effects of different plant canopy cover on seedling emergence and survival of the two species in the field. Fresh seeds of both species present a high level of dormancy associated with the lemma and palea, preventing seedling emergence immediately after the seeds fall in NovemberPecember. Seventy per cent of the seedlings of both species emerged in autumn. The germination behavior of these grass species may be an ecological adaptation serving to avoid seedling loss through exposure to the high temperatures and drought occurring during summer in the Calden District. Seedling survival was greater in the grazed, low plant canopy cover site, indicating that a certain degree of disturbance to reduce neighbouring plant interference favours seedling establishment in both species.
The Effect of Preceding Crop and Pre‐Sprouting on Crop Growth, N Use and Tuber Yield of Maincrop Potatoes for Processing Under Conditions of N Stress

Factorial field trials were carried out on an experimental farm near Kassel, Germany, in two consecutive seasons (2003 and 2004) in order to examine the impact of leguminous and cereal preceding crops (i) on soil N availability under subsequent potatoes and (ii) the effect of preceding crop and pre-sprouting of seed tubers on crop development, N uptake, N utilization efficiency and total and size-graded tuber yields relevant for processing into either crisps or French fries. In addition, an approach to analyse complex field experiments using mixed models is discussed. Soil mineralized nitrate-N at emergence of the potato crop was affected by the preceding crop and was highest when potatoes followed peas, while the short-term alfalfa/grass/clover ley appeared too sensitive to environmental conditions in the preceding cropping season, and its efficiency in terms of N supply may be hard to predict. Pre-sprouting advanced crop development and dry matter accumulation of the canopy, translocation of assimilates and N from canopy into tubers and allowed an increased N utilization efficiency. The positive effect of pre-sprouting on total tuber yield was compensated up to the final harvest, but a higher percentage of marketable tuber yield for French fries (>50 mm) was found independently of the date of harvest. An increasing N supply (after peas and a following catch crop) may be efficient in terms of higher yields of the marketable size-grades (40-65 mm) for crisps, but increase oversized tuber yields in seasons not affected by Phytophthora infestans. Average tuber fresh weight responded consistently and positively to seed-tuber preparation (pre-sprouting), cultivar (cv. Agria) and an increased N supply (after peas).
Measuring the Effectiveness of Student Teams Achievement Divisions as a Teaching Strategy on Grade 10 Learners’ Economic Knowledge

Abstract Economics education focuses on the teaching and learning of Economics as a subject. It encompasses the content to be taught (what), the methods of teaching (how), the evaluation of those methods (why), and information of general interest to teachers of Economics from elementary through to graduate school level. This paper investigates the effectiveness of the pedagogic method of the student teams’ achievement divisions (STAD) as a cooperative learning and teaching strategy as compared to the direct-instructional method in building the economic knowledge of grade 10 learners at secondary schools in the Free State. Data was collected from 229 grade 10 Economics learners and eight teachers at secondary schools in the Free State. Teachers used both STAD and direct instruction by teaching the topic, ‘Contemporary Economics Issues’, from the Economics curriculum of the Curriculum and Assessment Policy Statement (CAPS). Learners completed a forty-response-item multiple-choice questionnaire on Economics as a pre-test and post-test. The statistical findings of this study reveal that STAD significantly increased learners’ knowledge of the ‘Contemporary Economics Issues’ module as a teaching strategy, as compared to the direct-instruction method. The results further indicated that STAD as a teaching method improved learners’ learning, when teachers who were well trained in both the cooperative learning teaching strategy and in the subject of Economics were involved.
Pointwise multipliers from BMOA α to BMOA β

Let g be an analytic function on the open unit disk D in the complex plane C. We will study the following operator In this article we study the operators Ig , Jg from BMOA α to BMOA β (from D α to D β) (α ≤ β). And we study pointwise multipliers from BMOA α to BMOA β (from D α to D β) (α ≤ β).
Analysis on Oral History Attitudes of Pre-service Teachers

Abstract The present study aimed to investigate pre-service teachers’ attitudes towards oral history methods. The research was conducted at a public university in Turkey’s Mugla province. A total of 322 pre-service teachers constituted the research sample. For this study a five-level Likert scale was used to collect the data. Within the overall aim of the study, the collected data was analyzed by using SPSS. The result showed that there was a significant difference among the pre-service teachers studying Social Studies in their attitudes for Oral History studies. In addition, it was concluded that when the time allocated to media tools for Oral History studies increased, the attitude to Oral History studies became more positive. Moreover, a comment was made as when the level of interest in Oral History studies rose, the attitudes to Oral History studies also became more positive. Some suggestions aregiven at the end of the study.