Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Neoarchean Greenstone Metamorphism in the Eastern Dharwar Craton, India: Constraints from Monazite U-Th-Pbtotal Ages and PT Pseudosection Calculations

The Archean Hutti-Maski greenstone belt (HMGB) and the south Kolar greenstone belt (SKGB) are the two richest gold provinces in India. Here, we present results of texturally constrained U-Th-Pbtotal/CHIME dating of monazites and PT pseudosection analyses to understand the geochronological and metamorphic evolution of the two greenstone terrains. The ages of felsic volcanism are constrained at ca. 2669 ± 22 Ma in the HMGB and 2661 ± 32 Ma in the SKGB. The HMGB rocks underwent midamphibolite facies metamorphism at ca. 2564 ± 12 Ma. The inferred PT path indicates a contemporaneous PT increase of up to ∼6 kbar and ∼620°C followed by postpeak near-isothermal decompression for the HMGB rocks. The SKGB rocks underwent a lower amphibolite facies metamorphism at ca. 2546 ± 12 Ma and are characterized by a synchronous PT increase of up to ∼4.6 kbar and ∼600°C, followed by decompressional cooling. These results indicate a mixed arc/plume setting for the evolution of both the greenstone belts, as suggested by several earlier works. The HMGB rocks record a pervasive postpeak metamorphic K-rich fluid alteration event at ca. 2414 ± 18 Ma that is discernible by monazite growth proximal to K-feldspar veins and garnet breakdown domains. Similar, although less prevalent, monazite age record of ca. 2414 ± 26 Ma from the SKGB rocks is manifested by postmetamorphic shear-induced hydrothermal activity. Considering the worldwide scenario, the HMGB and SKGB are ∼100 Ma younger and witnessed a higher grade of metamorphism than the greenstone belts in the Abitibi province and the Yilgarn Craton.
Physical characteristics of North American ginseng (Panax quinquefolius L.) root

JDeparlmelll of Agricultural and Bioresource Engineering, University of Sasklllc! lelVan. SaskaTOon. SK, Canada S7N 5A9; lDepartmell1o! Geography. Sim01l Fraser University, Burnaby. BC. Calltula V5A 156: JMillistl}"ofAgricu/lure. Fisheries and Food, Abbotsford, BC, COllada V3G 2M3; alld'Milli,I'II}' ofAgriCIIltllre, Fisheries alld Faod, Kalll/oaps, BC, Callada V2C 4N7. Received 8 May /998; accepted /0 Allgllst /999.
Unveiling Entrepreneurial Intentions: A Study of Business Graduates in South Punjab's Higher Education Institutions with a Focus on Gender Moderation

In underdeveloped countries like Pakistan there is lack of entreprenurial activities.In order to enhance the entreprenurial activity,it is the need of the hour to identify the personal & socio-economic factors that leads towards the creation of new ventures. Current study was an effort to examine the determinants (entrepreneurial attitudes, lack of fiancé, financial returns and entrepreneurial motivation) of entrepreneurial intentions among business graduates of higher education institutions (HEIs) of southern Punjab, Pakistan with moderating role of gender. The study has used quantitative research design. Population of the study was all the business graduates of HEIs of Southern Punjab. Convenience sampling was used to select the respondents from target population. Sample size was 370.A self-administered questionnaire was used to collect the data from respondents.SmartPLS & SPSS software was used for the analysis of collected data. The findings have established significant positive relationship of all determinants with entrepreneurial intentions except attitude. Moreover, the results have shown that gender does not moderate the relationship between determinants and entrepreneurial intentions of business graduates. Future research can be conducted to explore the reasons for such unexpected results. This study has made a significant contribution to the literature and came to the conclusion that there is a dire need to encourage entrepreneurial mind-set among youth and to create awareness and skills that are necessary to create new businesses.
Undiagnosed diabetic retinopathy in Northeast China: prevalence and determinants

Objective To report the prevalence and contributing factors of undiagnosed diabetic retinopathy (DR) in a population from Northeastern China. Subjects/Methods A total of 800 subjects from the Fushun Diabetic Retinopathy Cohort Study were enrolled. A questionnaire assessing incentives and barriers to diagnosis of DR was administered. Logistic regression was used to identify clinical and sociodemographic factors associated with undiagnosed DR. In a prespecified subgroup analysis, we divided patients into vision-threatening diabetic retinopathy (VTDR) and non-VTDR (NVTDR) subgroups. Results Among 800 participants with DR, 712 (89.0%) were undiagnosed. Among 601 with NVTDR, 566 (94.2%) were undiagnosed. Among 199 with VTDR, 146 (73.4%) were undiagnosed. The risk factors affecting the timely diagnosis of NVTDR and VTDR exhibit significant disparities. In multivariate models, factors associated with undiagnosed VTDR were age over 60 years (OR = 2.966; 95% CI = 1.205-7.299; P = 0.018), duration of diabetes over 10 years (OR = 0.299; 95% CI = 0.118-0753; P = 0.010), visual impairment or blindness (OR = 0.310; 95% CI = 0.117-0.820; P = 0.018), receiving a reminder to schedule an eye examination (OR = 0.380; 95% CI = 0.163-0.883; P = 0.025), and the belief that “people with diabetes are unlikely to develop an eye disease” (OR = 4.691; 95% CI = 1.116-19.724; P = 0.035). However, none of the factors were associated with undiagnosed NVTDR (all P ≥ 0.145). Conclusion Our research has uncovered a disconcerting trend of underdiagnosis in cases of DR within our population. Addressing determinants of undiagnosed DR may facilitate early detection.
A Saudi Hospital’s Experience in the Management of Well-Appearing Neonates at Increased Risk for Early-Onset Bacterial Sepsis

Background: Early-onset neonatal bacterial sepsis (EOS) is a serious medical condition where pathogenic bacterial species are isolated from the blood of newborns within the first 72 hours of life. Neonatal healthcare providers face challenges in managing well-appearing newborns born at 35 weeks gestational age or more who are at an increased risk of developing EOS. The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) has recommended three approaches for managing EOS. One of these approaches includes enhanced observation to observe the progression of the newborn's clinical condition within the first 48 hours after birth. The AAP recommends that birth centers should adopt institutional approaches that are tailored to their specific local resources and structures. It recommends that the chosen approach is evaluated to identify infrequent negative outcomes and to confirm its effectiveness. Aims: To report our experience in managing EOS in newborns born at 35 weeks gestation or later with an increased risk for EOS. Methods: This was a review of electronic medical records from the past five years. We included a sample of newborns born at or after 35 weeks gestational age who were at increased risk of EOS and appeared to be healthy. We implemented universal antenatal culture-based screening for Group B streptococcus (GBS). We followed the recommendations of the AAP in 2012 to manage these newborns. We performed a complete blood count (CBC) with differential and C-reactive protein (CRP) tests to predict EOS. We also considered the newborns symptomatic if they displayed any clinical signs of EOS. Results: A total of 806 newborns were included in the study, out of which 27 (3.3%) of them had symptoms of EOS, while the remaining 782 newborns appeared healthy. Predictive blood tests were performed on 281 (34.9%) of the newborns, out of which 126 (44.8%) of them had a positive test result. However, blood cultures were obtained from 134 (16.6%) of the total cohort. Intravenous antibiotics were administered to 33 (4.1%) of the newborns. All symptomatic newborns had a positive predictive blood test result, and two of them had culture-proven EOS. Blood cultures obtained from the remaining 107 asymptomatic newborns were negative. In this context, 140 newborns needed to be pricked for positive predictive blood tests to predict one case of EOS. However, if the positive predictive blood tests were only performed on symptomatic newborns, then only 14 newborns would need to be pricked to predict one case of EOS. Conclusion: Based on the present study, it is advised to follow the current AAP recommendation against predicting EOS by solely relying on CBC with differential or CRP. The study suggests that the enhanced observation approach is a more sensible option for managing EOS, but this needs to be confirmed in a larger study.
The relationship between dry grassland vegetation and microclimate

Bruelheide, H. ; Jandt, U. : The relationship between dry grassland vegetation and microclimate along a west-east gradient in Central Germany. – Hercynia N.F. 40 (2007): 153 -176. In the southern Harz and Kyffhauser Mountains dry grasslands are found on calcareous soils on gypsum bedrock along a steep climatic gradient. With only little differences in soils and land use, climate can be assumed to be the main factor controlling the occurrence of different vegetation types of dry grasslands. For gradient studies at broader scales, climate data are normally available only from official weather stations and, thus, refer to macroclimate. As the microclimate encountered by plants on a specific site usually differs considerably from standard weather station recordings, this paper addresses the questions (1) whether a gradient in the study area is also apparent in microclimate, (2) whether macroclimate is reflected in microclimate, and (3) to which degree microclimate explains the floristic gradient in the study area. Climate data were compiled at three different temporal scales for twelve sites along a gradient running from north-west to south-east at equal altitudes: (1) long-term averages from official meteorological stations, (2) hourly temperature records over one year from automatic microclimate datalogger and monthly precipitation recordings from 12 dry grassland sites, and (3) half-hourly temperature, air humidity and evaporation data over one day from a measurement campaign carried out simultaneously at all sites. The results showed that a microclimate gradient was clearly apparent in precipitation but not in temperature. Dry grasslands in the southern Harz and Kyffhauser Mountains encounter more or less the same microclimatic conditions with respect to temperature but differ considerably in amount of precipitation. In consequence, there was no correlation between microclimate and macroclimate for temperature but a significant relationship for precipitation. The floristic inventory of the study sites showed a clear gradient from west to east, which is well reflected in microclimate conditions. Among all climate variables measured, stronger correlations with floristic composition were encountered for precipitation than for temperature. We conclude from this that the most relevant climate factor for the differentiation of dry grassland vegetation along the studied gradient is precipitation rather than temperature. Keywords: climate gradient, dry grassland, floristic gradient, Kyffhauser, microclimate, precipitation, Southern Harz Mountains, vegetation gradient
Triaxial Compression of Sand Reinforced with Fibers

Results from drained triaxial compression tests on specimens of fiber-reinforced sand are reported. It is evident that the addition of a small amount of synthetic fibers increases the failure stress of the composite. This effect, however, is associated with a drop in initial stiffness and an increase in strain to failure. Steel fibers did not reduce initial stiffness of the composite. The increase in failure stress can be as much as 70% at a fiber concentration of 2% (by volume) and an aspect ratio of 85. The reinforcement benefit increases with an increase in fiber concentration and aspect ratio, but it also depends on the relative size of the grains and fiber length. A larger reinforcement effect in terms of the peak shear stress was found in fine sand, compared to coarse sand, when the fiber concentration was small (0.5%). This trend was reversed for a larger fiber concentration (1.5%). A model for prediction of the failure stress in triaxial compression was developed. The failure envelope has two segments: a linear part associated with fiber slip, and a nonlinear one related to yielding of the fiber material. The analysis indicates that yielding of fibers occurs well beyond the stress range encountered in practice. The concept of a macroscopic internal friction angle was introduced to describe the failure criterion of a fiber-reinforced sand. This concept is a straightforward way to include fiber reinforcement in stability analyses of earth structures.
A study of the dynamics of a marine sandwave

The movement of the crest of a sandwave was studied using cross-sectional profiles obtained from lines of sea-bed reference stakes. Measurements were made, over a six month period, before and after flood and ebb tides in relation to both spring and neap tides and surface wave conditions. Additional observations were obtained on a daily basis, over an equinoctial neap to spring to neap tidal period, in conjunction with boundary layer flow measurements. Tracer experiments were conducted to study the dispersion of sediment from the sandwave crest. The results showed that the sandwave was relatively stable at neap tides, whilst at higher tidal ranges, the crest position oscillated with successive flood and ebb tides. Net flank erosion occurred on the less steep, upstream slope during the dominant ebb tide. This, together with increased deposition on the lee slope, caused the crest to advance. It was not possible to extrapolate sandwave migration over long periods as the tidal dynamic trends were interrupted by wind stress and surface wave activity. High particle orbital velocities, generated at the sea-bed by storm waves, caused major reductions in crestal heights. Calculated volumes of sediment eroded and accreted were used, with boundary layer flow measurements, to calculate threshold velocities for the movement of the sediment and sediment transport rates.
Effectiveness of Problem Based Learning Models Assisted by Worksheets on Students' Critical Thinking Ability

This study aims to describe the effectiveness of the Problem Based Learning (PBL) model assisted by worksheet on the critical thinking ability of students. This quasi-experimental study employs the nonequivalent posttest-only control group design with the cluster random sampling technique. The study sample consists of students from classes VII B and VII C in one of the Public Junior High Schools in Magelang, Central Java, Indonesia. The research instruments used are learning tools in the form of worksheet and critical thinking ability tests. The results of this research are; 1) students who are taught using the PBL learning model assisted by worksheet against critical thinking ability are said to be effective by obtaining learning completion has reached 75%, 2) students who are taught using the direct learning model against critical thinking ability are said to be ineffective by obtaining learning completion has not reached 75%, 3) critical thinking ability of learners taught using the worksheet-assisted PBL model more effective than using the direct learning model. This study implies differences in students' critical thinking abilities when comparing the worksheet-assisted PBL learning model to the direct learning model. Education needs to apply appropriate learning models to develop students' critical thinking skills.
Are acoustics enough? Semantic effects on auditory salience in natural scenes

Auditory salience is a fundamental property of a sound that allows it to grab a listener's attention regardless of their attentional state or behavioral goals. While previous research has shed light on acoustic factors influencing auditory salience, the semantic dimensions of this phenomenon have remained relatively unexplored owing both to the complexity of measuring salience in audition as well as limited focus on complex natural scenes. In this study, we examine the relationship between acoustic, contextual, and semantic attributes and their impact on the auditory salience of natural audio scenes using a dichotic listening paradigm. The experiments present acoustic scenes in forward and backward directions; the latter allows to diminish semantic effects, providing a counterpoint to the effects observed in forward scenes. The behavioral data collected from a crowd-sourced platform reveal a striking convergence in temporal salience maps for certain sound events, while marked disparities emerge in others. Our main hypothesis posits that differences in the perceptual salience of events are predominantly driven by semantic and contextual cues, particularly evident in those cases displaying substantial disparities between forward and backward presentations. Conversely, events exhibiting a high degree of alignment can largely be attributed to low-level acoustic attributes. To evaluate this hypothesis, we employ analytical techniques that combine rich low-level mappings from acoustic profiles with high-level embeddings extracted from a deep neural network. This integrated approach captures both acoustic and semantic attributes of acoustic scenes along with their temporal trajectories. The results demonstrate that perceptual salience is a careful interplay between low-level and high-level attributes that shapes which moments stand out in a natural soundscape. Furthermore, our findings underscore the important role of longer-term context as a critical component of auditory salience, enabling us to discern and adapt to temporal regularities within an acoustic scene. The experimental and model-based validation of semantic factors of salience paves the way for a complete understanding of auditory salience. Ultimately, the empirical and computational analyses have implications for developing large-scale models for auditory salience and audio analytics.
Updating Regional Farm Dam Characteristics for Use across the Murray Darling Basin

Regional farm dam characteristics have previously been developed for Victoria. In some cases these farm dam characteristics have been adopted for modelling outside of Victoria without any confirmation that they are representative of the local region. This paper describes the revision of these farm dam characteristics using data from across the Murray Darling Basin (MDB). The equation relating dam volume and surface area is validated with a larger dataset than previously. The magnitude and pattern of on-farm water use is explored using remotely sensed evapotranspiration data at a fine spatial scale. A new method for estimating a dam's upstream area is developed using high resolution terrain data. Lastly, the uncertainty associated with these regional farm dam characteristics is explored using a Monte-Carlo framework. The results of this study provide a greater degree of confidence in estimates of farm dam impacts across the MDB.
Bead–Spring Simulation of Ionomer Melts—Studying the Effects of Chain-Length and Associating Group Fraction on Equilibrium Structure and Extensional Flow Behavior

Ionomers are associative polymers with diverse applications ranging from selective membranes and high-performance adhesives to abrasion- and chemical-resistant coatings, insulation layers, vacuum packaging, and foamed sheets. Within equilibrium melt, the ionic or associating groups are known to form thermally reversible, associative clusters whose presence can significantly affect the system’s mechanical, viscoelastic, and transport properties. It is, thus, of great interest to understand how to control such clusters’ size distribution, shape, and stability through the designed choice of polymer architecture and the ionic groups’ fraction, arrangement, and interaction strength. In this work, we represent linear associating polymers using a Kremer–Grest type bead–spring model and perform large-scale MD simulations to explore the effect of polymer chain-length (l) and fraction (fs) of randomly placed associating groups on the size distribution and stability of formed clusters. We consider different chain-lengths (below and above entanglement), varying fractions of associating groups (represented by ‘sticky’ beads) between 5 and 20%, and a fixed sticky–sticky nonbond interaction strength of four times that between regular non-associating beads. For all melts containing associating groups the equilibrium structure factor S(q) displays a signature ionomer peak at low wave vector q whose intensity increases with increasing fs and l. The average cluster size Nc increases with fs. However, the effect of chain-length on Nc appears to be pronounced only at higher values of fs. Under extensional flows, the computed stress (and viscosity) is higher at higher fs and l regardless of strain rate. Beyond a critical strain rate, we observe fragmentation of the associative clusters, which has interesting effects on the stress/viscous response.
Temperature dependence of the vapor pressure and evaporation coefficient of supercooled water

We report measurements of the vapor pressure of water over the supercooled temperature range 248 to 273 K derived from evaporation kinetics measurements of single water droplets. Accurate measurements of the relative humidity of the surrounding gas phase are derived from comparative and sequential measurements of the evaporation kinetics of droplets containing sodium chloride. The temperature dependence of the vapor pressure of supercooled water is shown to conform closely to the parameterization provided by Murphy and Koop (2005) once the uncertainties in experimental and thermophysical parameters are accounted for by ensuring an accurate representation of evaporation rates at temperatures above 273 K. Further, from a sensitivity analysis of all of the data over the full temperature range from 248 to 293 K, we can conclude that the evaporation coefficient of water, and thus the mass accommodation coefficient, is greater than, or equal to, 0.5.
FERTILITY STATUS AND POTASSIUM FRACTIONS OF ACID SOILS OF MOKOKCHUNG, NAGALAND UNDER SOME IMPORTANT LAND USE SYSTEMS

Eighty surface (0-20cm) soil samples were collected from different locations of Mokokchung district of Nagaland under various land use systems and analyzed for some important physical and chemical properties, SOC, available N, P, S and different forms of potassium. Soils of this district were acidic in reaction (pH 4.19-5.26) and normal in total soluble salts concentration (0.14 to 0.24 dSm -1 ). Slightly low pH was noticed in the soils of forest ecosystem. The CEC of the soils was quite low. (9.5 to 16.6 cmol (P + ) kg -1 ) and soils under forest land use indicated higher CEC than other land use systems. On the basis of average values, the soils of the district were high in organic carbon, medium in available nitrogen and low in available phosphorus contents. Higher values of SOC and available N, P and S were recorded in the soils of forest ecosystem followed by soybean, vegetable and cereal ecosystem. Available S in the soils varied from 13.8 to 37.6 kg ha -1 . The total K, 1N NH4OAc- K, water soluble- K, 1N HNO3 -K and 0.01M CaCl2 -K ranged between 1641 and 3455, 61.3 and 130.0, 4.8 and 9.5, 865 and 1497 and 16.4 and 36.3 mg kg -1 . Wide variations in K content were observed in four extractants and highest values were recorded in boiling 1N HNO3 K. The available K, water soluble K, boiling 1N HNO3K and 0.01 M CaCl2- K constituted 3.7, 0.3, 45.1 and 1.1% towards total K in these soils. Highly significant and positive relationship amongst different forms of K indicated an existence of dynamic equilibrium among various forms of K. All fractions of K were significantly and positively correlated with SOC.