Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Importance of Desmosome Formation for Glandular Organization of LS174T Human Colon Cancer Cells in Organ Culture

LS174T human colon cancer cells exhibited typical epithelial polarity and formed glandular structures with microvilli, tight junctions, desmosomes and basal laminae arranged in order as in normal intestinal epithelial cells when combined with fetal rat mesenchymes or collagen gels in organ culture. Quantitative analysis showed that the number of desmosomes per unit area was always much greater in subluminal areas of lumen‐forming LS174T cells than in other areas irrespective of the culture period or culture method, and this was also the case with rat intestinal epithelial cells in normal development. In contrast, no such clear relationship could be found between the glandular organization of LS174T cells and formation of other ultrastructural components examined (microvilli, tight junctions and basal laminae). These results suggest that desmosome formation plays important role in the glandular organization of intestinal epithelial cells.
Sex-specific covariation among life-history traits of yellow perch (Perca flavescens)

Questions: How do life-history traits covary among populations? Do two-trait models show different patterns of covariation than multi-trait models? Is covariation different for males and females? Is covariation among traits within populations (many generations) different to that among populations (one generation)? Organism: A sexually dimorphic medium-sized freshwater fish, yellow perch (Perca flavescens). Study system: Over 70 lakes in central North America. Methods: Fish older than young-of-the-year were collected using standardized autumn surveys. Mean life-history traits were calculated for each population by sex. Conclusions: Life-history traits generally covaried in the predicted manner among populations. Traditional two-trait comparisons resulted in similar conclusions as more complex models of covariation. Male and female patterns of covariation differed substantially for relationships between growth and age/size at maturation, moderately for lifespan and age at maturation, but were similar for size at maturation and maximum size. The relationships between female growth rate and maturation depended on the cause of variability in growth rates. Slow-growing populations matured young and small in warm lakes but old and large in cold lakes. Patterns of covariation in life-history traits were similar for temporal and spatial variability in traits.
DETEKSI FINANCIAL STATEMENT FRAUD DENGAN ANALISIS FRAUD TRIANGLE PADA PERUSAHAAN MANUFAKTUR YANG TERDAFTAR DI BEI

ABSTRACT The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of fraud triangle in explaining the occurrence of financial statement fraud. Fraud triangle consists of pressure, opportunity, and rationalization. Four variables are proxied from pressure (financial stability, personal financial need, external pressure, and financial targets). Two variables are proxied from opportunity (nature of industry and effective monitoring). And one last variable is proxied from rationalization. Based on logistic regression analysis there are 77 companies that commit fraud, and 31 companies that do not commit fraud during 2014-2017. From this study it can be concluded that there is a positive influence between external pressure (LEV) on financial statement fraud, and six other variables consisting from financial stability, personal financial needs, financial targets, nature of industry, effective monitoring, and rationalization has no effect on financial statement fraud. This result supports the fraud triangle theory in explaining the occurrence of financial statement fraud. Keywords: financial statement fraud, pressure, opportunity, rationalization
Hydration characteristics of cement-bonded composites made from rattan cane and coconut husk

This work examines the effect of CaCl 2 on the hydration of rattan ( Laccosperma secundiflorum ) and coconut ( Cocos nucifera ) husk particles mixed with Portland cement. Hydration tests were conducted in sealed thermally insulated containers using an aggregate/cement/water ratio of 15 g : 200 g : 90.5 ml. CaCl 2 was added at four concentrations (by weight of cement): 0 (control) 1, 2 and 3% for the rattan and coconut husk particles, and at 0 (control) and 3% for a 50:50 mixture (by weight) of rattan and coconut husk. Hydration temperature was monitored on-line over a period of 23 h. The compatibility of both aggregates and their 50:50 mixture with Portland cement was assessed using the parameters of time to maximum hydration temperature, maximum hydration temperature, inhibitory index, and rate of heat generation. Findings showed that without CaCl 2 both aggregates exhibited relatively low level of compatibility with Portland cement, with the rattan particles exhibiting relatively higher degree of inhibition. The addition resulted in reduced setting time (about 60%), increased hydration temperature (50–80%), lower inhibitory index and higher rate of heat generation in all the aggregate/cement mixtures. Recommendations for further research include the identification of the cement-inhibitory chemicals present in coconut husk and rattan and investigations on the mechanism of CaCl 2 interaction with rattan/cement and coconut husk/cement systems.
Genetic and Biochemical Properties of Arabidopsis RNA Polymerases IV and V

Plants are unique among eukaryotes in having five multi-subunit nuclear RNA polymerases: the ubiquitous RNA polymerases I, II and III plus two plant-specific activities, nuclear RNA polymerases IV and V (previously known as Polymerases IVa and IVb). Pol IV and Pol V are not required for viability but play non-redundant roles in small interfering RNA (siRNA)-mediated pathways, including a pathway that silences retrotransposons and endogenous repeats via siRNAdirected DNA methylation. RNA polymerase activity has not been demonstrated for Polymerases IV or V in vitro, making it unclear whether they are catalytically active enzymes. Their largest and second-largest subunit sequences have diverged considerably from Pol I, II and III in the vicinity of the catalytic center, yet retain the invariant Metal A and Metal B amino acid motifs that bind magnesium ions essential for RNA polymerization. By using site-directed mutagenesis in conjunction with in vivo functional assays, we show that the Metal A and Metal B motifs of Polymerases IV and V are essential for siRNA production, siRNA-directed DNA methylation, retrotransposon silencing, and the punctate nuclear localization patterns typical of both polymerases. Collectively, these data show that the minimal core sequences of polymerase active sites, the Metal A and B sites, are essential for Pol IV and Pol V biological functions, implying that both are catalytically active. Citation: Haag JR, Pontes O, Pikaard CS (2009) Metal A and Metal B Sites of Nuclear RNA Polymerases Pol IV and Pol V Are Required for siRNA-Dependent DNA Methylation and Gene Silencing. PLoS ONE 4(1): e4110. doi:10.1371/journal.pone. 0004110 Editor: Frederic Berger, Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, Singapore Received October 8, 2008; Accepted November 30, 2008; Published January 1, 2009 Copyright: ! 2009 Haag et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Funding: Work in the Pikaard lab is supported by National Institutes of Health grant GM077590. The Pontes laboratory is supported by a grant from the Edward Mallinckrodt Foundation. The content of this paper is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily reflect the views of the NIH or the Edward Mallinckrodt Foundation. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist. * E-mail: pikaard@biology.wustl. edu
Quantitative Ultrastructure of Mammalian Skeletal Muscle

The sections in this article are: 1 Physiological Functions 1.1 Excitation-Contraction Coupling 1.2 Contractile System 1.3 Metabolic Systems 1.4 Other Systems 2 Methods of Observation 2.1 Selection of Muscle for Morphometric Analysis 2.2 Electron Microscopy 2.3 Stereological Analysis 3 Morphometric Results 3.1 Membrane Systems 3.2 Contractile Systems 3.3 Metabolic Systems 4 Muscle Fiber Diversity 4.1 Contractile and Metabolic Systems 4.2 Metabolic and EC Coupling Systems 4.3 Contractile and EC Coupling Systems 5 Muscle Fiber Plasticity
Protein kinase inhibitors and other cytotoxic metabolites from the fungal endophyte Stemphylium botryosum isolated from Chenopodium album

The endophytic fungus Stemphylium botryosum was isolated from leaves of the medicinal plant Chenopodium album collected in Egypt. Extracts of the fungus grown on rice exhibited considerable cytotoxicity when tested in vitro against L5178Y mouse lymphoma cells. Upon chemical investigation they afforded the macrocyclic lactones curvularin (1) and dehydrocurvularin (2), as well as altersolanol A (3), tetrahydroaltersolanol B (4), stemphyperylenol (5) and macrosporin (6). The structures of all isolated compounds were determined by 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry as well as by comparison with published data. Compounds 1-3 exhibited considerable cytotoxicity against L5178Y cells with EC50 values of 16, 1.4 and 0.6 μM, respectively, whereas the remaining compounds showed only modest activity. All compounds were further tested for protein kinase inhibitory activity in an assay involving 24 different kinases. Compound 3 was the most potent inhibitor displaying EC50 values ranging between 1.9 and 29.4 μM toward individual kinases, followed by 6 (EC50 = 2.3 - 27.1 μM). Compounds 4 and 5 showed moderate activity, while 1 and 2 were inactive.
Evaluation of Antibacterial Effect of Diode laser 980 nm, Triple Antibiotic Past, and Calcium Hydroxide on Enterococcus Faecalis Biofilm

Aim: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the anti-biofilm capacity of Diode laser 980 nm, triple antibiotic mixture and calcium hydroxide.Methods: Eighty five single-rooted teeth with mature apices were prepared using Protaper Universal rotary nickel titanium system till size # F4 then contaminated with E.faecalis. Irrigation done using 2.5% sodium hypochlorite followed by 17% EDTA. Samples were divided into 4 groups (n= 20) according to the irrigant activation method. Laser group,TAP group, Ca(OH)2group and the control group. Residual bacteria were plated onto Brain Heart Infusion media and determined as colony-forming units (CFU mL-1). Data were analyzed using one way ANOVA followed by performance of Tukey post hoc tests. Significance was set at p < 0.05. Results: There was a statistically significant reduction in the mean numbers of colony-forming units among all groups. However, none of the activation methods was able to kill E. faecalis biofilm completely. The Laser group behaved most effectively among all groups.Conclusion: The adjunctive use of 980nm laser is an effective method for bacterial reduction after chemo-mechanical instrumentation of the root canal.
Host specialization and species diversity in the genus Stylops (Strepsiptera: Stylopidae), revealed by molecular phylogenetic analysis

Host specialization is an important ecological characteristic of parasitic species. The identification of the parasitic strategy of the genus Stylops (Strepsiptera; Stylopidae) is, however, ambiguous. According to the number of recognized species based on existing taxonomy, highly specialized and supergeneralistic species exist in this genus. Our research aims to clarify the concept of host specialization in the genus Stylops, in which all of the members are parasites of Andrena bees. Based on the phylogenetic analysis of the parasites (mostly females) and the mapping of hosts onto the phylogenetic tree, we tested three hypotheses of host specialization: (1) each species of the genus Stylops is associated with a single host species; (2) Stylops species are specialized to a group of closely related hosts; and (3) a single Stylops species is a generalist, parasitizing all host Andrena species in this particular region. Our evidence clearly shows a close relationship between the parasite and the host: one species of Stylops attacks one or a few host species of Andrena bees, usually from a single subgenus. Moreover, a moderate generalistic strategy is also likely in a few Stylops species. According to our results, the species diversity of the strepsipteran parasites of bees must be reconsidered. A single European species of Stylops should be divided into a higher number of valid species. © 2015 The Linnean Society of London
Growth and reproduction of the gilthead seabream Sparus aurata in Mellah lagoon (north-eastern Algeria)

Gilthead seabream Sparus aurata (L.), a protandrous hermaphrodite, was caught in Mellah lagoon (Algeria) from July 1997 to June 1998. Its age, growth and reproduction were studied. Fish ranged in size from 157 to 610 mm total length and weighed from 60 to 4000 g wet weight. There were fish aged 1 + to 7 + years old in the samples. Direct scale readings were made by counting the number of rings. These were compared with the data obtained by backcalculating the lengths at different ages. These two methods were in agreement and showed that the growth rate of gilthead seabream in Mellah lagoon is very high compared to other study areas. The growth parameters of the Von Bertalanffy equation were: L ∞ = 55.33 cm, K = 0.513, t 0 = - 0.282, with F ’ = 7.359. The fitted length-weight relationship was W = 1.292. 10 -2 L 3.06 . The reproductive season extended from October to January, with a peak in December. Sex inversion occurred at a total length of 44 cm. Sexual maturity was reached at 32.6 cm total length.
Does age make difference amongst the angel investors?

Indian start-ups are growing fastest nowadays and obtained acclamation for being the 3rd largest start-ups economy. Studies on start-ups have compared different types of investors naming angel investors, venture capitalist, banks etc., in various perspectives. However, studies analysing the intra-investors features especially amongst the angel investors in terms of their characteristics, investment pattern and risk management strategies are sparse. Further, studies on angel investors of Indian economy is very less. This paper attempts to meet the gap in researches by analysing the differences amongst angel investors in Indian context. This is an earliest study to analyse whether the angel investors of different types are homogeneous in terms of their age or not. This study further explores the influences angel investor's age in their investment decisions and risktaking ability. Parametric statistical tests were used to analyse 1243 angel investments made in Indian start-ups during the period 2014-2018. Findings of the study shows that the angel investors belong to different education level, occupational background, domicile, industrial experience, functional area experience, investment experience are heterogeneous in terms of their age. It is found that the angel investors living in metro cities holding post-graduation and above, working in corporate/academic sector with general management expertise and having investment experience of 11-15 times are appear to be significantly older than their other counterparts. A positive correlation found between age of investors and start-ups shows that the elder investors are more risk-averse in nature and tend to invest in well-established firms than early stage ones.
Investigation of lateral impact behavior of RC columns

Reinforced concrete (RC) columns which are the main vertical structural members are exposed to several static and dynamic effects such as earthquake and wind. However, impact loading that is sudden impulsive dynamic one is the most effective loading type acting on the RC columns. Impact load is a kind of impulsive dynamic load which is ignored in the design process of RC columns like other structural members. The behavior of reinforced concrete columns under impact loading is an area of research that is still not well understood; however, work in this area continues to be motivated by a broad range of applications. Examples include reinforced concrete structures designed to resist accidental loading scenarios such as falling rock impact; vehicle or ship collisions with buildings, bridges, or offshore facilities; and structures that are used in high-threat or highhazard applications, such as military fortification structures or nuclear facilities. In this study, free weight falling test setup is developed to investigate the behavior effects on RC columns under impact loading. For this purpose, eight RC column test specimens with 1/3 scale are manufactured. While drop height and mass of the striker are constant, application point of impact loading, stirrup spacing and concrete compression strength are the experimental variables. The time-history of the impact force, the accelerations of two points and the displacement of columns were measured. The crack patterns of RC columns are also observed. In the light of experimental results, low-velocity impact behavior of RC columns were determined and interpreted. Besides, the finite element models of RC columns are generated using ABAQUS software. It is found out that proposed finite element model could be used for evaluation of dynamic responses of RC columns subjected to low-velocity impact load.
Tacit Collusion of Partial Cross Ownership Under Cournot Competition

Partial cross ownership (PCO) among firms affects their incentives to engage in tacit collusion. We analyze collusion behavior in an n-firm industry which allows asymmetric cross ownership, under Cournot competition. We find that in some ways increasing PCO hinders tacit collusion under the traditional uniform output distribution scheme. However, this scheme is not always feasible for collusion. For a greater variety of situations, we examine different subgame perfect equilibriums and conclude that, tacit collusion can be facilitated when PCO increases.
Essays on macro-finance

This thesis on topics in macro-finance, considers the relationship between the macroeconomy and also financial markets. We examine the key predictors, including macro determinants and technical indicators, of returns to the US stock market. Moreover, we investigate the links between financial markets internationally. We also study the importance of financial factors for monetary policy. In more detail, Chapter 2 constructs a flexible Bayesian framework to predict the equity premium, allowing for abrupt or gradual or even no changes in forecasting models and in coefficients. This approach has out-of-sample predictive power statistically and economically. Moreover, this model dominates its nested combination methods, including equal-weighted models, Bayesian and dynamic model averaging. By decomposing the prediction variance, we find that our approach precisely identifies the locally appropriate time variation in coefficients and the forecasting model over time, leading to mitigation of estimation risk. We then go on in Chapter 3 to model and predict financial integration, given the rapidly evolving nature of financial globalization. Importantly, this chapter allows national exposure to the global financial factors and the process driving volatility to vary over time. The obtained results show that financial integration is highly predictable, which has implications for international diversification, risk management and policy making. The CBOE volatility index (VIX) is identified as a strong predictor of financial integration, reflecting the vulnerability of financial markets to uncertainty. Our third main chapter, Chapter 4 studies how the impact of monetary policy shocks interact with the financial environment, in particular with financial uncertainty. The work identifies that monetary shocks have stronger, but less persistent, effects during periods of elevated financial uncertainty compared to more tranquil periods. These differences in effects among the uncertaintydependent states suggest that nonlinearities in the credit channel are stronger in the short run, whereas in the long run nonlinearities in the interest rate channel dominate.
A histochemical study of the red and white muscle fibers Part I. Activity of the succinoxydase system in muscle fibers

From the histochemical studies of succinic dehydrogenase on the striated muscle of the fish, frog, bird and mammal, the following results were obtained. (1) The red muscle fiber shows a higher succinic dehydrogenase activity, while the white muscle fiber a lower activity. The third type of muscle fiber "medium fiber", which is intermediate in the succinic dehydrogenase activity between the red and white muscle fiber, is observed practically in all of the striated muscle of mammals. (2) There is a good parallelism between succinic dehydrogenase activity and stainability to Sudan black B among the three types of muscle fibers. (3) From the nature of the constituent fibers, muscles can be divided into three groups, i. e. , gastrocnemius type, soleus type and diaphragma type. (4) Those belonging to the gastrocnemius type are composed of three types of fibers, i. e. , those of large size, low in activity of succinic dehydrogenase reaction and low in sudanophilicity; those of small size, high in enzymatic activity and in sudanophilicity; and those of medium size, moderate in enzymaticactivity and in sudanophilicity. (5) Those belonging to the soleus type, are composed of fibers almost equal in size which can be divided into two by the enzymatic activity and sudanophilicity, excepting the few with low enzymatic activity. (6) Those belonging to diaphragma type, are composed of three kinds of fibers showing different enzymatic activity as in the case of gastrocnemius type, but there is no correlation between the size and the enzymatic activity and sudanophilicity differing from the latter. (7) The difference in succinic dehydrogenase reaction as demonstrated among three types of fibers is due to the difference in number or in activity of mitochondria. (8) The pigeon breast muscle is composed mostly of red muscle fibers, and a few white muscle fibers, while the sparrow breast muscle is composed only of red muscle fibers. (9) The bloody colored muscle of the fish corresponds to the red muscle of the mammals. The white muscle of the fish is composed of three types of fibers. (10) The frog muscle is cmposed of three types of fibers.
Informational Role of Social Media: Evidence from Twitter Sentiment

Abstract This paper examines the information content of firm-specific sentiment extracted from Twitter messages. We find that Twitter sentiment predicts stock returns without subsequent reversals. This finding is consistent with the view that tweets provide information not already reflected in stock prices. We investigate possible sources of return predictability with Twitter sentiment. The results show that Twitter sentiment provides new information about analyst recommendations, analyst price targets and quarterly earnings. This information explains about one third of the predictive ability of Twitter sentiment for stock returns. Taken together, our findings shed new light on whether and why social media content has predictive value for stock returns.
Multimediasynergie in reclamecampagnes

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