Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Demographic history of the fragmented yellowthroated bulbul (Pycnonotus xantholaemus) population in the Deccan Peninsula, India

The yellow-throated bulbul (YTB) is an endemic passerine restricted to scrub forests along hill slopes with exposed rocky outcrops in the Deccan Peninsula, India. It is found in small, discontinuous populations and is vulnerable to extinction due to ongoing habitat loss and subsequent population decline. To assess the genetic connectivity and past demography, we sequenced 1050 nucleotide base pairs of the mitochondrial control region of 60 individuals that represent distinct populations in the geographic range of the species. We recovered 39 haplotypes defined by 81 variable sites. Haplotype diversity was high with low nucleotide diversity, suggesting rapid population growth from a founder population with a small effective population size. The negative values of Tajima’s D and Fu’s Fs and small positive value of Ramos-Onsins and Rozas’ R2 suggest deviation from neutrality and population expansion. The haplotype network and demographic ex pansion parameters further suggest historical population expansion. Mismatch analysis statistics and Bayesian skyline plots estimate population expansion during the late Pleistocene. Al though the species presently occurs in small, disconnected we found no structuring of the population. Dispersal events are the most likely explanation for the absence of genetic structuring in the YTB population. These results represent important data for the design of a conservation plan for this endemic and globally threatened species.
Pelletized Soy-based Bioplastic Fertilizers for Container-crop Production

Research examining biocontainers for container-crop production has demon- strated that bioplastics made from soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr. ] can supply mineral nutrients to plants. Using soybean-based bioplastics and biochar (BC), we created pelletized fertilizer designed to be incorporated into soilless substrate. We evaluated the growth of ‘Honeycomb’ marigold ( Tagetes patula L.), ‘Montego White’ snapdragon ( Antirrhinum majus L.), and ‘Laser Synchro Scarlet’ cyclamen ( Cyclamen persicum Mill.) grown with pelletized soy-based bioplastic fertilizers [soy-bioplastic polymer (SP.A) compounded with poly(lactic) acid (PLA) or polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA), containing 15% or 25% BC] or a synthetic controlled-release fertilizer (CRF). Our objectives were to evaluate the effectiveness of prototype SP.A-based fertilizers and compare their performance to that of a traditional CRF for growing common greenhouse crops. In our ﬁrst experiment, treatments of 0, 346, or 691 g nitrogen (N)/m 3 of substrate from different fertilizer types were applied to marigold in containers with 15.2-cm top diameter, and in our second experiment, 0,
Changing civil servants’ behaviour concerning the opening of governmental data: evaluating the effect of a game by comparing civil servants’ intentions before and after a game intervention

Open data policies are increasingly being adopted by governments. However, civil servants find it challenging to comply with open data policies. Gaming can help civil servants to practise opening data and can change their behaviour to support the opening of more data. In this article, the effect of playing a game is evaluated in an experiment in which several factors that influence the opening of data are compared before and after the game. The benefits appeared in unexpected ways and areas. Data management, privacy and security knowledge was transferred using the game, the perception of benefits showed significant changes, and behavioural intention was positively affected. Points for practitioners Civil servants’ behaviour influences how public policies are enacted. The release of open data by governments is related by many as crucial for increasing public transparency and civic participation, and generating new economic opportunities. Games can influence the attitude of civil servants and, consequently, change governments’ decisions. Transferring knowledge and providing insights from new experiences can influence civil servants’ attitudes to open data. Moreover, governments can use games to influence civil servants’ attitudes.
Iron-catalyzed reactions may be responsible for the biochemical and biological effects of asbestos.

The most carcinogenic forms of asbestos contain iron to levels as high as 36% by weight and catalyze many of the same biochemical reactions that freshly prepared solutions of iron do, i.e. oxygen consumption, generation of reactive oxygen species, lipid peroxidation and DNA damage. The participation of iron from asbestos in these reactions has been demonstrated using the iron chelator desferrioxamine B which inhibits iron-catalyzed reactions. Iron appears to be redox active on the asbestos fiber, but chelation and subsequent iron mobilization from asbestos by a variety of chelators, e.g. citrate, EDTA or nitrilotriacetate, makes the iron more redox active resulting in greater oxygen consumption and production of oxygen radicals in the presence of reducing agents. Iron also appears to be important for some of the asbestos-dependent biological effects on tissues or cells in culture, such as phagocytosis, cytotoxicity, lipid peroxidation and DNA damage. Therefore, redox cycling of iron to generate oxygen radicals at the surface of the fiber and/or in solution, as mobilized, low molecular weight chelates, may be very important in eliciting some of the biological effects of asbestos in vivo.
Effect of Panchgavya and jivamrut on yield, chemical and biological properties of soil and nutrients uptake by kharif groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.)

A field experiment was conducted at the Agronomy Instructional Farm, Chimanbhai Patel College of Agriculture, Sardarkrushinagar Dantiwada Agricultural University, Sardarkrushinagar-385506, District Banaskantha (North Gujarat) during kharif 2011 to 2016 to study the effect of panchgavya and jivamrut on yield, chemical and biological properties of soil and nutrient uptake by kharif groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L). The soil of experimental plot was loamy sand in texture, low in organic carbon and available nitrogen, medium in available phosphorous and high in available potash. The 27 treatment combinations in the experiment comprised of 9 levels of panchgavya and jivamrut including RDF and control and three stages of application (branching, flowering and branching + flowering stages) were tried in randomized block designed with factorial concept. The results revealed that foliar spray of panchgavya @ 4 % + soil application of jivamrut @ 500 lit. /ha recorded significantly higher pod yield (1563 kg/ha) than rest of the treatments but remained at par with treatments foliar spray of panchgavya @ 2 % + jivamrut @ 500 l/ha as soil application (Bn5) and (application of 100% RDN through FYM (Bn0). Application of bionutrients (panchgavya and jivamrut) at both the stages i.e. at branching and flowering stages recorded significantly the highest pod yield (1482 kg/ha) as compared to single application either at branching or flowering stage. Significantly the highest uptake of N, P and K by kernel and haulm was recorded by application of Panchgavya (6 % foliar spray) + Jivamrut (soil application @ 500 l/ha). Application of bionutrients at both the stages, i. e. at branching + flowering stage (S3) registered significantly higher uptake of N, P and K by kernel and haulm. The soil quality parameters such as the microbial count of bacteria and the chemical properties of the soil viz; available P, K and OC (organic carbon) in the soils are remarkably enhanced. Among various stages of application, population of rhizobium, azospirillum and azotobacter was noted the highest when panchgavya was applied both at branching and flowering stages to kharif groundnut as compared to application at individual stage only
Evaluating Protective Terpenoid Aldehyde Compounds in Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) Roots

Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) has epidermal glands containing terpenoid aldehyde (TA) compounds that protect the plant from pests and diseases. One TA, gossypol, has two forms (+) and (-) that are present in varying amounts. This study evaluated the variation in roots for TA compounds and how environment affected the levels of these compounds. Similar to seed, gossypol was the predominant TA in roots. No heliocides were detected with only trace amounts of other TAs, such as hemigossypolone or hemigossypol, detected in a few lines. Among the glanded lines, there were significant differences in gossypol content. Percent plus gossypol was consistently 4% - 10% higher in roots than seed. One line, “Mac7”, had 12 - 14 ug/mg gossypol in roots and 18 ug/mg in seed as well as >90% (+) gossypol in both roots and seed. Unlike other tissues in glandless cotton, the roots of glandless lines consistently produced detectable amounts of gossypol with 77% to 82% in the (+) form. Multi-year field tests showed that although gossypol levels in the roots were more affected by insect pressure or other environmental conditions than seed, there was selectable variation in upland cotton for root gossypol content. Unlike other parts of a glandless plant, the roots retained a functioning biochemical pathway for gossypol production.
Projected changes in mean temperature and total precipitation and climate suitability of cassava (Manihot esculenta) in major growing environments of India

Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) is an important food crop of India cultivated in an area of 228 000 ha for food, feed and fuel, contributes to food security, equity, poverty alleviation and environmental protection. This study examined the projected climatic changes in the major cassava growing environments of India and also calibrated and evaluated the EcoCrop model to study the impact of 2030 climate on cassava climate suitability in the major growing environments of India. The current climate and future climate projections of 22 GCMs from the SRES-A1B emission scenario were used for the study. The projected change in annual mean temperature and total annual precipitation in the major growing areas ranged from 0.9 to 1. 2ºC and from 6.8 to 112.4 mm, respectively. The calibrated data were used to drive the EcoCrop model to find out the suitability of current and future climatic conditions. The change in suitability for all the 22 GCMs used was calculated on pixel basis and the mean suitability change indicate that cassava is actually positively impacted in the current growing areas of India with -2.2 to 15% changes in climate suitability. This study concluded that cassava is potentially highly resilient to future climatic changes and it can become a future crop in India, where other crops would fail due to climate change.
Identification of Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci by SodA Gene Sequence Analysis

A total number of 50 internal sodA gene sequences with 416 nucleotides was analyzed to determine the discriminative power of the gene for the identification of the Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci (CoNS). The mean similarity between these CoNS species was found to be 80.4% indicating a good discriminative power although low sequence divergence was observed between some of the species. The relatedness between these staphylococcal species was further explored by constructing phylogenetic analysis. Six clusters was revealed, with four of these supported by significant bootstrap values of >95% while the other two clusters were less robustly supported at bootstrap values of about 92%. Following that, the identification of 200 clinical isolates of CoNS isolates were determined phenotypically by a commercial diagnostic kit and also genotypically using the sodA gene sequencing method. The Microgen Staph ID was found to be quite reliable for commonly isolated clinical CoNS species e.g., S. capitis subsp. capitis, S. haemolyticus and a majority of the S. epidermidis isolates. However, for the less commonly encountered species, the kit was unreliable. Identification by sodA sequencing method was found to be more reliable with homology values of at least 98%. However, like other nucleotide sequence based identification, the discriminative power of sodA at subspecies level was poor whereby the final identification had to be supplemented with biochemical tests.
Microbiological Evaluation of Ten Commercial Cough Syrups during Storage

Fifty samples of 10 different brands of cough syrups were analyzed for microbial quality during storage at ambient temperature (28 ± 2°C) and refrigeration temperature (4 ± 2°C). Physicochemical studies were also conducted to ascertain the stability of their active ingredients. Alcoff ® cough syrup recorded the highest average bacterial count of 2.0 × 10 5 cfu/ml at ambient temperature, and 1.5 × 10 5 cfu/ml at refrigeration temperature, while Benylin ® with 9.0 × 10 4 cfu/ml at ambient temperature and Tutolin ® with 6.4 × 10 4 cfu/ml at refrigeration temperature were the least. Parkalin ® had the highest average fungal count of 5.6 × 10 4 cfu/ml at ambient temperature while Emzolyn ® with 2.2 × 10 4 cfu/ml was least. The fungal counts at refrigeration temperature showed that Tutolin ® and Piriton ® with 2.4 × 10 4 cfu/ml each was the highest, while Coflin ® with 4.0 × 10 3 cfu/ml was the least. The percentage occurrence of isolates were Staphylococcus aureus (100%), Micrococcus spp. (80%), Bacillus subtilis (90%), Azotobacter spp. (10%), Proteus spp. (20%), Lactobacillus spp. (40%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (20%), Aspergillus fumigatus (100%), Aspergillus niger (100%), Aspergillus flavus (100%), Fusarium solani (50%) and Penicillium spp. (40%). The antibiotic susceptibility of isolates showed that S. aureus was sensitive to gentamycin (100%) and resistant to cloxacillin (100%), ampicillin (100%), and penicillin (100%). Proteus spp. was sensitive to gentamycin (100%) but resistant to colistin (100%), nitrofurantoin (100%), cotrimoxazole (100%), tetracycline (100%), and ampicillin (100%). P. aeruginosa was resistant to all antibiotics tested. The level of antibiotic resistance of bacterial isolates in cough syrup is a problem to public health. The cough syrups evaluated did not generally meet the standards for microbial limit as specified in official monographs. These products can adversely affect health status of consumers, hence, the need for regular quality control and assurance.
The interaction effect of FYM, fertilizers and bio- fertilizers on yield attributes of onion

The studied carried out interaction effect of FYM, fertilizers (inorganic fertilizers-NPK) and biofertilizers (PSB inoculation and Azospirillum inoculation) on Yield attributes (neck thickness, Equatorial diameter and Polar diameter) of bulbs of 12 onion cultivars. The effect of organic manure M0 (Control), M1 (FYM 10 t ha) and M2 (FYM 20 t ha) and effect of inorganic fertilizers at F0 (0% RD of NPK), F1 (50% RD of NPK) and F2 (100% RD of NPK) and effect of bio-fertilizers at B0 (No-inoculation), B1 (PSB inoculation) and B2 (Azospirillum inoculation) observed varied in onion bulbs. The result of present study clearly revealed that the neck thickness, equatorial and polar diameter of bulb, bulb yield of onion crop increased significantly with the application of FYM, significantly affected by 100% RDF of inorganic fertilizers and less significantly due to inoculation of Azospirillum and PSB respectively. The experiment was laid out at College Farm, College of Agriculture, S.K. Rajasthan Agricultural University, Bikaner, during “Rabi” season of 2015-16 and 2016-17.
Safeners for chlorsulfurononmaize (Zeamays L.)

doi:10.1111/j.1757-837X.2010. 00047.x Abstract Introduction Chlorsulfuron inhibits acetolactate synthase (ALS), a key enzyme in plants needed in the biosynthesis of the branched amino acids isoleucine, leucine and valine. Maize is a susceptible crop to the action of this herbicide. Objectives This article examines the synthetic compound 1-(4-fluorophenylthiocarbamoyl)4-methylpiperazine as a possible safener for chlorsulfuron in maize (Zea mays L. cv. Kneja 530). Methods Commercial herbicide safener, 1,8-naphthalic anhydride, was used as a standard. Maize seeds were impregnated with 1-(4-fluorophenylthiocarbamoyl)-4-methylpiperazine or naphthalic anhydride by soaking for 5 h in aqueous solutions, followed by a herbicide treatment for 5 h. Plants were grown as water cultures. Results Changes in growth and in specific activity of acetolactate synthase were determined 8 and 12 days after the treatment. Shoot length and fresh weight of maize plants treated with 10 5 M chlorsulfuron were inhibited 59% and 52%, respectively, compared with untreated plants, whereas pretreatment with 5 10 4 M 1-(4-fluorophenylthiocarbamoyl)-4-methylpiperazine and naphthalic anhydride reduced these inhibitions. Moreover, the decrease in the root growth caused by chlorsulfuron alone was almost completely reversed by 1-(4-fluorophenylthiocarbamoyl)-4-methylpiperazine. The specificity of naphthalic anhydride and 1-(4-fluorophenylthiocarbamoyl)-4-methylpiperazine’s action on acetolactate synthase was supported by the lack of effect on the enzyme activity in vitro. However, pretreatment of seeds with both safeners overcomes chlorsulfuroninduced inhibition of acetolactate synthase activity in leaves and roots, 8 and 12 days after treatment. Conclusion Our data showed that the synthetic compound 1(4-fluorophenylthiocarbamoyl)-4-methylpiperazine was a more active herbicide safener in the roots whereas the naphthalic anhydride, in the leaves.
Impact of different land uses on soil properties

As we all know that population is increasing all over the world and with the increase in population agriculture land is used intensively and due to intensive use of land soil is degrading like deficiency of nutrient is increasing in numbers, erosion is increasing etc. all these shows that there is risk of sustainability. Changes in land use can significantly affect soil properties. Land use change can simultaneously cause both beneficial and harmful effects, because any change in land use has important consequences for many biological, chemical, and physical processes in soils and so indirectly the environment. Unsuitable land use due to human activities is a widespread problem that leads to land degradation. The conversion of pasture or forest land to cropland leads to a decrease in soil organic matter content, aggregate stability and hydraulic conductivity. The decrease in hydraulic conductivity, aggregate stability is due to decrease in soil organic matter and the decrease in organic matter is due to continues cultivation. Natural vegetative cover plays an important role for the quality of soil and with the change of land use like from forest to agriculture land or agriculture land to industrial land use decrease the soil health.
Growth-inhibitory Responses of Human Intestinal Bacteria to Extracts from Indian and African Plants

31과 50종 인도산 식물체 84 시료와 12파 20종 아프리카산 식물체 27 시료의 메탄을 조추출물의 5종 장내세균(Bifidobacterium bifidum, Bifidobacterium longum, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Clostridium perfringens, Escherichia coli)에 대한 생육억제활성을 in vitro 혐기조건하에서 여지확산법으로 검정한 결과 억제활성은 공시세균과 식물체의 종류 및 부위에 따라 달리 나타났다. 인도산 식물체 시료중, Cymbopogon citratus 전부위, Ocimum basilicum 전부위, Madhuca indica 꽃 및 Aegle marmelos 잎 추출물이 Cl. perfringens에 대하여 강한 생육저해활성을 나타낸 반면, O. basilicum 전부위 추출물은 E. coli에 대하여 중간정도의 생육저해활성을 보였다. 그러나, 이들 식물체들은 공시 유산균의 생육에는 영향을 미치지 않았다. 이러한 결과로 부터 이들 열대식물들의 약리학적인 작용을 일부 설명할 수 있을 것으로 사료된다. 【Methanol extracts from 84 Indian plant samples (50 species in 31 families) and 27 African plant samples (20 species in 12 families) in vitro were tested for their growth-inhibitory activities against Bifidobacterium bifidum, Bifidobacterium longum, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Clostridium perfringens, and Escherichia coli, using a paper disc agar diffusion method under $O_2-free$ conditions. The responses varied with bacterial strain, plant species and plant part. Extracts from Cymbopogon citratus whole plants, Ocimum basilicum whole plant, Madhuca indica flowers, and Aegle marmelos leaves among Indian plant samples moderately or strongly inhibited the growth of Cl, perfringens whereas moderate growth-inhibitory activity against E. coli was obtained from extract of Indian O. basilicum whole plants. These plant extracts did not affect the growth of the lactic acid forming bacteria tested. These results may be an indication of at least one of the pharmacological actions of these tropical plants. 】
Outlier Detection using Nonparametric Depth-Based Techniques in Hydrology

Several issues arise when extending the methods of outlier detection from a single dimension to a higher dimension. These issues include limited methods for visualization, marginal methods inadequacy, lacking a natural order and limitation in parametric modeling. The intension to overcome and address such limitations the nonparametric outlier identifier, based on depth functions, is introduced. These identifiers comprise of four threshold type outlyingness functions for outlier detection that are Mahalanobis distance, Tukey depth, spatial Mahalanobis depth, and projection depth. The object of the present research is the application of the proposed nonparametric technique in hydrology. The study is intended to be executed in two different frameworks that are multivariate hydrological data analysis and functional hydrological data analysis. The event of a flood is graphically represented by hydrograph whose components are used for computing flood characteristics that are peak(p) and volume(v). These characteristics are frequently employed for the various types of analysis in the multivariate study. Whereas, hydrograph is exhaustively employed in the analysis of functional data so that all the important information regarding flood event are not missed while analysis. The proposed technique in a multivariate framework is applied to the bivariate flood characteristics (p,v)while in functional framework proposed approach is applied to the initial two scores of principal components denoted as (z_1,z_2 ), since initial two principal components capture major variation of data employed for analysis.
Is GCG Strengthening the Influence Between Sustainability Reporting to Financial Performance? (A study in IDX companies)

This study investigates the sustainability reporting differences between banks and nonbanks sample firms and examines the effect of Good Corporate Governance (GCG) in strengthening the influence between Sustainability Reporting (SR) to firm financial performance. The GCG proxied by the Corporate Governance Perception Index (CGPI). The independent-sample t-test implemented to analyze the differences. The results report evidence that there are differences in sustainability reporting between the bank and nonbank, in economic and social dimensions, and also in CGPI. The average score of the sustainability reporting index in banks is better than nonbank, while the average rating of CGPI nonbank is higher than bank sample firms. The multiple regressions implemented in investigating the effect of GCG in strengthening the influence between SR to financial performance. The empirical evidence shows that GCG enhances the relationship between Sustainability Reporting (SR) to firm performance in the economic dimension only. The result suggests that the better the GCG, the stronger the relationship. Keywords—sustainability reporting, GCG index, firm performance, bank, non-bank