Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Interactive effects of locus coeruleus structure and catecholamine synthesis capacity on cognitive function

Background The locus coeruleus (LC) produces catecholamines (norepinephrine and dopamine) and is implicated in a broad range of cognitive functions including attention and executive function. Recent advancements in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) approaches allow for the visualization and quantification of LC structure. Human research focused on the LC has since exploded given the LC’s role in cognition and relevance to current models of psychopathology and neurodegenerative disease. However, it is unclear to what extent LC structure reflects underlying catecholamine function, and how LC structure and neurochemical function are collectively associated with cognitive performance. Methods A partial least squares correlation (PLSC) analysis was applied to 19 participants’ LC structural MRI measures and catecholamine synthesis capacity measures assessed using [18F]Fluoro-m-tyrosine ([18F]FMT) positron emission tomography (PET). Results We found no direct association between LC-MRI and LC-[18F]FMT measures for rostral, middle, or caudal portions of the LC. We found significant associations between LC neuroimaging measures and neuropsychological performance that were driven by rostral and middle portions of the LC, which is in line with LC cortical projection patterns. Specifically, associations with executive function and processing speed arose from contributions of both LC structure and interactions between LC structure and catecholamine synthesis capacity. Conclusion These findings leave open the possibility that LC MRI and PET measures contribute unique information and suggest that their conjoint use may increase sensitivity to brain-behavior associations in small samples.
Effect of a Ballast Water Treatment System on Survivorship of Natural Populations of Marine Plankton in Persian Gulf, Iran

We investigated the viability of phytoplankton from ballast water of commercial and petroleum ships berthed at the ports of Kharg Island, Iran. Ballast water was carried in regional seas in order to assess the efficiency of this type of ballast water management at reducing the abundance and diversity of phytoplankton. Although there was an overall reduction in the average abundance and number of taxa after exchange this was not consistent between tanks and voyages. On some occasions there were changes in species composition after exchange. Mentioned research was a part of Regional and National plan and protection for environmental impact assessment and also control and prevention of navigation activities. The result showed that species were dominant in the samples of Ceratium sp. , Rhizosolenia sp. , Coscinodiscus jonesianus, Eucampia sp. , Chaetocerus diversicurvatus Thalassionema nitzschoides. Factors such as the depth of the water during the exchange process, the season and the method of exchange influenced the efficacy of the exchange process. The variability in the results after exchange mean that this is unlikely to be a ballast water management method that would give consistent results and careful consideration would have to be given to the suitability of using this method in regional seas as a means of reducing the risk of introducing non-native species.
EFFECT OF ORGANIC AND MINERAL FERTILIZATION AND HUMIC ACID APPLICATION ON INCREASING THE FLAVONOID CONTENT IN MORINGA OLEIFERA LEAVES

The presented research carried out in the growing season of 2020 at the Department of Horticulture and Landscape, College of Agriculture, University of Anbar, Iraq, investigated the impact of mineral (chemical) and organic (birds) fertilization and foliar application of the humic acid on the active substances of the moringa (Moringa oleifera) plant leaves. The treatments included an organic fertilizer (300 g plant-1 ), mineral fertilizer DAP (225 g plant-1 ), and humic acid (3000 ppm). The experiment ran in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. Results revealed that adding organic and mineral fertilizers and foliar application of humic acid affected and increased flavonoids significantly in moringa plant leaves, such as, six flavonoid components, i.e., catechin, quercetin, luteolin, rutin, apigenin, and kaempferol, amounting to 73.83, 21.51, 3.344, 20.55, 7.53, and 2.09 µg L -1 , respectively, compared with the control treatment (2.56, 3.22, 1.304, 2.25, 1.88, and 0.29 ppm, respectively).
Changes in Oral-Health-Related Quality of Life of Egyptian Children Treated under Dental General Anesthesia: A Prospective Study

Background: Treatment of young children under dental general anesthesia (DGA) is sometimes necessary due to lack of cooperation and the complexity of dental treatment. The aim of this study was to assess the changes in oral-health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) in children following treatment under DGA. Methods: A consecutive sample of 88 children aged 5 and younger who were referred to the department of pediatric dentistry, Cairo university, Egypt, for treatment under DGA was included. Parents were asked to complete the Arabic version of the Early Childhood Oral Health Impact Scale (A-ECOHIS) questionnaire before and 4 weeks after treatment. The Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used to compare baseline and follow up scores. Effect sizes (ES) were also calculated. Results: The overall ECOHIS scores decreased significantly from 16.72 (±7.07) to 0.9 (±3.08); (p < 0.001, Wilcoxon signed-rank test) after treatment under DGA, demonstrating a large effect size of 2.2. The scores of the two subscales of the ECOHIS, the child impact scale (CIS) and the family impact scale (FIS), also decreased significantly (p < 0.001). Conclusions: Treatment under DGA not only improved the OHRQoL of the Egyptian children in our sample significantly, but also had a positive effect on their families’ quality of life.
The kinetic Orbison illusion

In the typical Orbison illusion, the sides of a square placed on concentric circles appear to be bending toward the center of the circles. We report a motion version of the Orbison illusion (namely, the kinetic Orbison illusion). When a dot moves along a square trajectory against a background of concentric circles, the sides of the trajectory appear to bend toward the center and the corners appear to be sharpened. In the present study, observers adjusted the shape of a comparison stimulus to the shape of the perceived trajectory by bending the sides. The amount of illusion was operationally defined as the largest discrepancy between the square and adjusted shape in the comparison stimulus. It was found that the illusory bending was more than twice the static Orbison illusion and reached a maximum of 7.3% of the length of one side. Experiments including a comparison between fixation and pursuit conditions revealed that the main cause of the kinetic illusion was not motion streaks of the dot crossing background circles. We propose an alternative hypothesis based on induced motion generated by background circle motion, the direction of which is misperceived owing to the aperture problem.
Multiomics Data Reveal the Important Role of ANXA2R in T Cell–mediated Rejection After Renal Transplantation

Background. T cell–mediated rejection (TCMR) is a severe issue after renal transplantation, but research on its T cell–receptor (TCR) repertoire is lacking. This study intended to elucidate the TCR repertoire landscape in TCMR and hence identify novel potential targets. Methods. A total of 12 multiomics data sets were collected. The TRUST4 algorithm was used to construct and analyze the TCR repertoire in renal allografts with TCMR and stable renal function. Then, novel TCR-related key genes were identified through various criteria and literature research. In bulk transcriptome, cell line, single-cell transcriptome data sets, multiple immune cell infiltration algorithms, and gene set enrichment analysis were used to analyze potential mechanisms of the identified key gene. Twenty-three pathological sections were collected for immunofluorescence staining in the clinical cohort. Finally, the diagnostic and prognostic values of ANXA2R were evaluated in multiple renal transplant data sets. Results. Allografts with TCMR showed significantly increased clonotype and specific clonal expansion. ANXA2R was found to be a novel key gene for TCMR and showed strong positive connections with the TCR complex and lymphocyte cells, especially CD8+ T cells. Immunofluorescence staining confirmed the existence of ANXA2R+ CD8+ T cells, with their percentage significantly elevated in TCMR compared with stable renal function. Finally, both mRNA and protein levels of ANXA2R showed promising diagnostic and prognostic value for renal transplant recipients. Conclusions. ANXA2R, identified as a novel TCR-related gene, had critical roles in clinicopathology, diagnosis, and prognosis in renal transplantation, which offered promising potential therapeutic targets.
Improvement of memristive properties in CuO films with a seed Cu layer

We have prepared CuO-based structures including Au/CuO/Pt and Au/CuO/Cu/Pt films and studied the memristive characteristics of the two samples. Current-voltage curves of the samples suggest that both CuO-based films are typical memristive devices, showing conventional pinched hysteresis loops. Furthermore, the presented Au/CuO/Cu/Pt structure with a seed Cu layer between CuO and bottom electrodes Pt demonstrates more typical memristive and better retention characteristics than Au/CuO/Pt. In order to explore the conducting mechanism for improved memristive properties, the electric transport characteristics of the device are analyzed using a space charge limited current and charge trap defect theory.We have prepared CuO-based structures including Au/CuO/Pt and Au/CuO/Cu/Pt films and studied the memristive characteristics of the two samples. Current-voltage curves of the samples suggest that both CuO-based films are typical memristive devices, showing conventional pinched hysteresis loops. Furthermore, the presented Au/CuO/Cu/Pt structure with a seed Cu layer between CuO and bottom electrodes Pt demonstrates more typical memristive and better retention characteristics than Au/CuO/Pt. In order to explore the conducting mechanism for improved memristive properties, the electric transport characteristics of the device are analyzed using a space charge limited current and charge trap defect theory.
Tacrolimus Improves Therapeutic Efficacy of Umbilical Cord Blood-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Diabetic Retinopathy by Suppressing DRP1-Mediated Mitochondrial Fission

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a leading cause of blindness in diabetic patients. Umbilical cord blood-derived mesenchymal stem cells (UCB-MSCs) are emerging as a promising new drug for degenerative disease associated with diabetes. Recent studies have shown that high glucose-increased excessive calcium levels are a major risk factor for mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mtROS) accumulation and apoptosis. This study aimed to investigate the role of high glucose-induced NFATC1 signaling in mitochondrial oxidative stress-stimulated apoptosis and the effect of tacrolimus on the therapeutic efficacy of subconjunctival transplantation of UCB-MSCs in a DR rat model. High glucose increased mtROS and cleaved caspase-9 expression in UCB-MSCs. High glucose conditions increased O-GlcNAcylated protein expression and nuclear translocation of NFATC1. Tacrolimus pretreatment recovered high glucose-induced mtROS levels and apoptosis. In the DR rat model, subconjunctival transplantation of tacrolimus-pretreated MSCs improved retinal vessel formation, retinal function, and uveitis. In high glucose conditions, tacrolimus pretreatment reduced protein and mRNA expression levels of DRP1 and inhibited mitochondrial fission. In conclusion, we demonstrated that high glucose-induced O-GlcNAcylation activates NFATC1 signaling, which is important for DRP1-mediated mitochondrial fission and mitochondrial apoptosis. Finally, we proposed NFATC1 suppression by tacrolimus as a promising therapeutic strategy to improve the therapeutic efficacy of UCB-MSC transplantation for DR treatment.
High Sensitivity Interference Torsion Sensor Based on Dumbbell Fiber

In the field of engineering testing, fiber interferometric torsion sensor is used to measure the magnitude of torsion, and their sensitivity needs to be further improved and identify the direction of torsion. To improve the internal stress distribution when the fiber is twisted and increase the modulation of the twist on the refractive index of the fiber core, we designed and manufactured a dumbbell-shaped end structure fiber and constructed an interference torsion sensor with a structure of single-mode fiber dumbbell fiber single-mode fiber. The experimental results indicate that its torsional sensing sensitivity is 0.65 nm/(rad/m). When pretwisted to a pitch of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$450 ~\mu \text{m}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> on the dumbbell fiber, it has sensitivities of 2.13 and −1.57 nm/(rad/m) in both forward and reverse torsion directions, respectively. Meanwhile, the sensor can measure physical quantities such as refractive index, temperature, and strain, with sensitivities of 237 nm/RIU, −27 pm/°C, and −10 pm/<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mu \varepsilon $ </tex-math></inline-formula>, and has the advantage of resisting temperature crosstalk. The interference torsion sensor based on dumbbell fiber will play an important role in engineering monitoring.
Methane emission and digestibility of goats subjected to feed restriction

Currently, due to environmental and economic issues, ruminant production system has aimed at maximizing production, concomitant with an increased efficiency. Because of methane is produced in the process of feed energy utilization within the animal, its reduction is usually associated with improved productivity. Therefore, one of the strategies to optimizing energy use in ruminants is to minimize enteric methane (CH4) emission during the fermentation process, by reducing dry matter intake (Shibata and Terada, 2010). Feed restriction is a common practice on goat production in several parts of world, and can be used to exploiting the compensatory gain, resulting in better efficiency of animal feed energy utilization. Therefore, this study was carried out to evaluate the effect of feed restriction on methane emission and digestibility.
Paired growth of cultivated and halophytic wild rice under salt stress induces bacterial endophytes and gene expression responses

Introduction Utilizing salt-affected marginal lands in coastal regions can help meet the growing demand for rice. We explored a nature-based solution involving wild halophytic rice (O. coarctata, Oc) and commercial rice BRRI Dhan 67 (O. sativa, Os) grown in close proximity to each other under salt stress. Methods This was to investigate whether a paired planting strategy could help complement rice growth and yield under stress. We also investigated the gene expression and endophytic bacterial profiles of both Os and Oc in unpaired and paired conditions without and with salt. Results Paired plants exhibited lower salt damage indicators such as smaller reduction in plant height, electrolyte leakage and chlorophyll loss, as well as higher K+/Na+ ratio under saline stress. Some of the 39 endophytic bacteria in the mutualism experiment were unique to Oc and transferred to Os when paired. Differentially expressed genes in leaves of paired Os versus unpaired Os were 1097 (994 up-regulated, 101 down-regulated) without salt and 893 (763 up-regulated, 130 down-regulated) under salt stress. The presence of Oc plants under salt stress influenced major biological processes in Os, including oxidative stress; chitinase activity; phenylalanine catabolic process and response to ABA. Protein binding and serine/threonine kinase activity were primarily affected in molecular function. The downregulated WRKY transcription factor 22 in paired conditions under salt stress played a role in the MAPK signaling pathway, reducing respiratory cell death. The upregulated auxin-responsive protein IAA18 gene, involved in hormone signaling and cell enlargement, was present only in paired plants. Discussion Our findings therefore, offer insights into developing more effective cultivation strategies for sustainable rice production.
The Development of Magnolol-Loaded Intravenous Emulsion with Low Hepatotoxic Potential

Intestinal failure-associated liver disease (IFALD) is a severe liver injury occurring due to factors related to intestinal failure and parenteral nutrition administration. Different approaches are studied to reduce the risk or ameliorate the course of IFALD, including providing omega-3 fatty acids instead of soybean oil-based lipid emulsion or administering active compounds that exert a hepatoprotective effect. This study aimed to develop, optimize, and characterize magnolol-loaded intravenous lipid emulsion for parenteral nutrition. The preformulation studies allowed for chosen oils mixture of the highest capacity of magnolol solubilization. Then, magnolol-loaded SMOFlipid was developed using the passive incorporation method. The Box–Behnken design and response surface methodology were used to optimize the entrapment efficiency. The optimal formulation was subjected to short-term stress tests, and its effect on normal human liver cells and erythrocytes was determined using the MTT and hemolysis tests, respectively. The optimized magnolol-loaded SMOFlipid was characterized by the mean droplet diameter of 327.6 ± 2.9 nm with a polydispersity index of 0.12 ± 0.02 and zeta potential of −32.8 ± 1.2 mV. The entrapment efficiency of magnolol was above 98%, and pH and osmolality were sufficient for intravenous administration. The magnolol-loaded SMOFlipid samples showed a significantly lower toxic effect than bare SMOFlipid in the same concentration on THLE-2 cells, and revealed an acceptable hemolytic effect of 8.3%. The developed formulation was characterized by satisfactory stability. The in vitro studies showed the reduced cytotoxic effect of MAG-SMOF applied in high concentrations compared to bare SMOFlipid and the non-hemolytic effect on human blood cells. The magnolol-loaded SMOFlipid is promising for further development of hepatoprotective lipid emulsion for parenteral nutrition.
Insecticidal Activity of Tannins from Selected Brown Macroalgae against the Cotton Leafhopper Amrasca devastans

Seaweeds, also known as marine macroalgae, are renewable biological resources that are found worldwide and possess a wide variety of secondary metabolites, including tannins. Drifted brown seaweed (DBSW) is particularly rich in tannins and is regarded as biological trash. The cotton leaf hopper Amrasca devastans (Distant) has caused both quantitative and qualitative losses in cotton production. Drifted brown seaweeds (DBSWs) were used in this study to extract, qualitatively profile, and quantify the levels of total tannins, condensed tannins, hydrolyzable tannins, and phlorotannins in the seaweeds; test their insecticidal activity; and determine the mechanism of action. The largest amount of tannin extract was found in Sargassum wightii Greville (20.62%) using the Soxhlet method (SM). Significantly higher amounts of hydrolyzable tannins (p = 0.005), soluble phlorotannins (p = 0.005), total tannins in the SM (p = 0.003), and total tannins in the cold percolation method (p = 0.005) were recorded in S. wightii. However, high levels of condensed tannins (CTAs) were observed in Turbinaria ornata (Turner) J. Agardh (p = 0.004). A. devastans nymphs and adults were examined for oral toxicity (OT) and contact toxicity (CT) against DBSW tannin crude extract and column chromatographic fractions 1 (Rf = 0.86) and 2 (Rf = 0.88). Stoechospermum polypodioides (J.V. Lamouroux) J. Agardh crude tannin was highly effective against A. devastans using the OT method (LC50, 0.044%) when compared with the standard gallic acid (LC50, 0.044%) and tannic acid (LC50, 0.122%). Similarly, S. wightii fraction 2 (LC50, 0.007%) showed a greater insecticidal effect against A. devastans adults in OT than gallic acid (LC50, 0.034%) and tannic acid (LC50, 0.022%). The mechanism of action results show that A. devastans adults treated with crude tannin of T. ornata had significantly decreased amylase, protease (p = 0.005), and invertase (p = 0.003) levels when compared with the detoxification enzymes. The levels of glycosidase, lactate dehydrogenase, esterase, lipase, invertase, and acid phosphate activities (p = 0.005) of S. wightii were reduced when compared with those of the Vijayneem and chemical pesticide Monocrotophos. In adult insects treated with LC50 concentrations of S. wightii tannin fraction 1, the total body protein (9.00 µg/µL) was significantly reduced (OT, LC50—0.019%). The SDS-PAGE analysis results also show that S. wightii tannin fraction 1 (OT and CT), fraction 2 (OT), and S. polypodioides fraction 2 (CT) had a significant effect on the total body portion level, appearance, and disappearance of some proteins and polypeptides. This study shows that the selected brown macroalgae can be utilized for the safer management of cotton leaf hoppers.
A Comparison of Financial Well-Being and Its Antecedents Across Different Employment Categories in Malaysia

This study compares the level of financial well-being (FWB) and its antecedents(financial stress, financial behaviour, financial literacy, and the internal locus of control(LOC)) across individuals of different employment categories in Malaysia. Second, it investigates the relationship between those antecedents and FWB and compares the differences in the strength. Data were collected from 1,867 respondents from four employmentgroups using a questionnaire-based survey. Descriptive statistics and analysis of variance (ANOVA) were conducted to achieve the first research objective, and ordinary leastsquares (OLS) regression was used to achieve the second research objective. The resultsindicate that FWB and its antecedents of Malaysian employees vary considerably acrossemployment categories. The FWB of the unemployed and private-sector workers is significantly lower than their government sector and self-employed counterparts. Financialstress, financial behavior, and an internal LOC are the most determinative of employees’FWB, however, they have varying degrees of impact across different employment categories. The results relate to employers and policymakers in formulating strategies to promotehigher FWB among Malaysian employees, based on their employment categories.