Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Thermal Conductivity of GaAs and GaAs1−xPx Laser Semiconductors

Measurements of thermal conductivity for the range 3° to 300°K are reported for both pure and heavily doped n‐ and p‐type GaAs single crystals, and n‐type heavily doped polycrystalline GaAs1−xPx crystals with six compositions between x=0 and x=0.5. The alloy ingots have much lower K values due to alloy scattering, with a composition of 35% phosphide content (near the limit of laser operation) having a K less than 1/20 that of pure GaAs at 77°K. Hence heat dissipation is a serious obstacle to continuous operation of alloy lasers.
Stability for convex vector optimization problems

This article deals with the convergence (in the sense of Kuratowski–Painlevé) of the set of the minimal points of An to the set of minimal points of A, whenever {An } is a sequence of closed convex subsets of an Euclidean space, converging in the same sense to the set A. Next, we consider the convex vector optimization problem under the assumption that the objective function f is such that all its sublevel sets, restricted to the feasible region, are bounded. For this problem we investigate the convergence of the solution sets of perturbed (with respect to the feasible region and the objective function) problems both in the image space and in the decision space. We consider also the same topics for a linear problem. Finally, we apply our results to the study of stability for a vector programming problem with convex inequality and linear equality constraints.
NO PLANAR BILLIARD POSSESSES AN OPEN SET OF QUADRILATERAL TRAJECTORIES

The article is devoted to a particular case of Ivriĭ's conjecture on periodic orbits of billiards. The general conjecture states that the set of periodic orbits of the billiard in a domain with smooth boundary in the Euclidean space has measure zero. In this article we prove that for any domain with piecewise $C^4$-smooth boundary in the plane the set of quadrilateral trajectories of the corresponding billiard has measure zero.
Fourier finite-difference migration

Many existing migration schemes cannot simultaneously handle the two most important problems of migration: imaging of steep dips and imaging in media with arbitrary velocity variations in all directions. For example, phase‐shift (ω, k) migration is accurate for nearly all dips but it is limited to very simple velocity functions. On the other hand, finite‐difference schemes based on one‐way wave equations consider arbitrary velocity functions but they attenuate steeply dipping events. We propose a new hybrid migration method, named “Fourier finite‐difference migration,” wherein the downward‐continuation operator is split into two downward‐continuation operators: one operator is a phase‐shift operator for a chosen constant background velocity, and the other operator is an optimized finite‐difference operator for the varying component of the velocity function. If there is no variation of velocity, then only a phase‐shift operator will be applied automatically. On the other hand, if there is a strong variatio.
Focal ratio degradation performance of fiber positioning technology used in the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI)

The Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI) is a Stage IV ground-based dark energy experiment and will be used to conduct a five year survey covering 14,000 deg2 to z=3.5. This survey is accomplished using five thousand robotically positioned optical fibers that can be quickly reconfigured with a 5 μm positioning accuracy. The fiber performance in the near and far field of two types of robotic positioners are currently being investigated: tilting spine mechanical simulators and eccentric axis (or θ-φ) positioners. The far field performance of the fiber is important since the instrument efficiency is adversely affected if light from the fibers enters the spectrograph at a faster focal ratio than the spectrograph can accept (f/3.57 in the DESI design). This degradation of the focal ratio of light is caused by light entering the fiber off axis (tiliting positioner) or bending, twisting, and stress of the fiber (eccentric axis) positioner. The stability of the near field intensity distribution of the fiber is important since this determines the spectrograph point spread function (PSF). If the PSF changes from the calibration to the science exposures, this will result in an extraction bias. For DESI, a particular concern is the distortions in the PSF due to movement of the fibers during re-pointing.
Discovery of bipolar oh maser emission from the high-latitude supergiant star HD 101584

The discovery of OH 1667 MHz maser emission from the circumstellar envelope of the F-type supergiant star, HD 101584 (IRAS 11385-5517), is reported. The OH spectrum has a total velocity range of 84 km/s and shows two unusually broad emission features. Images obtained with the Australia Telescope show that the OH masers are located in a bipolar outflow. Along the bipolar axis there is a strong velocity gradient which is interpreted as resulting from an interaction between a hot stellar wind and a remnant circumstellar envelope
Fall experiences from the perspectives of people with osteoarthritis: in their own words

Abstract Purpose To explore real-life experiences of people with osteoarthritis (OA) to increase understanding of how they perceive contributing factors to falls, circumstances at time of falls, and consequences of falls. Materials and methods Four focus groups of 3–7 people with OA from the Chicago, IL, USA, and neighboring areas were conducted remotely via web-based videoconferencing. Inclusion criteria included history of falls in previous 12 months and hip and/or knee OA. Focus group transcripts were coded and analyzed using a modified grounded theory approach to identify themes. Results Focus group participants (n = 17) described experiences associated with fall-related events that resulted in the identification of four themes: (1) perception of falls and fall risks can be influenced by OA symptoms, (2) ability to remember circumstances of falls are influenced by consequences, (3) behaviors and attitudes that address OA symptoms and avoidance of falls are similar and (4) OA symptoms and falls have common psychological impacts on lives. Conclusion Our study highlights how people with OA define falls, perceive contributing factors to falls, and describe general and OA-related factors that contributed to their fall experiences. The shared experiences contributed to the creation of themes that represented various aspects of the circumstances and impact of falls. Consideration for the identified themes may enhance recording and reporting of falls, contribute to development of improved fall risk assessment tools, and prioritize research into the biopsychosocial effects of falls in people with OA. IMPLICATIONS FOR REHABILITATION Information about circumstances of a fall such as location, activity, and symptoms of osteoarthritis may be beneficial in creating tailored fall prevention training and education. Falls are a common problem for people with lower limb osteoarthritis that can lead to negative changes in activity and quality of life. The psychological impact of osteoarthritis symptoms may be contributing to fear of falling and decrease participation in daily activities. Awareness of the perceptions people with osteoarthritis have about their symptoms may provide educational and training opportunities to address the benefits of different therapeutic treatments. Awareness of perceptions people with osteoarthritis have about their risk of falling may provide educational and training opportunities to address the benefits of different therapeutic treatments.
The fast fashion vs environment debate: Consumers’ level of awareness, feelings, and behaviour towards sustainability within the fast-fashion sector

ABSTRACT The aim of this study is to investigate the level of knowledge (cognition), attitudes, and behaviour of customers toward sustainability issues in the context of fast fashion. It incorporates empirical evidence that focuses on investigating what consumers know and feel, and how they behave towards fast fashion brands in the context of sustainability, and further explores whether consumers’ knowledge about fashion is not sufficient to evoke environmentally friendly purchases. To facilitate a shift towards more sustainable fashion consumption if this is desirable, providing clear information about the environmental and the social impact of products and creating strong feelings, seems to be promising. The descriptive analysis of data collected from 97 consumers reveals that although most consumers claim to be knowledgeable about sustainability-related issues, they lack precise and accurate knowledge on aspects linked to the sustainable supply chain, including fabric, materials, recycling, or re-use of fashion items. Women appear to be more knowledgeable about this topic than men, but men are willing to pay a higher price for fast fashion brands that reflect their moral values.
Nonlinear elastic behaviour of SrTiO3 crystals in the quantum paraelectric regime

The ultra-low-frequency (Hz region) elastic behaviour of SrTiO3 has been examined over a wide temperature range including the cubic-tetragonal transition at Tc = 105 K and the quantum paraelectric region (T < 40 K) using a three-point–bending method. A giant elastic softening has been found in the tetragonal phase. It is explained by a model, which takes into account the motion of ferroelastic domain walls in response to the applied dynamic stress. In the quantum paraelectric regime we have detected nonlinear elastic anomalies in the real and imaginary parts of the complex Young's modulus. Our data can be consistently described if we assume that ferroelectric order is induced by the applied strain gradient, which due to flexoelectric coupling is equivalent to a homogeneous electric field. Below 25 K the induced ordered polarization clusters are frozen on the experimental timescale (11 Hz).
A Revised Perspective on the Evolution of Troponin I and Troponin T Gene Families in Vertebrates

Abstract The troponin (Tn) complex, responsible for the Ca2+ activation of striated muscle, is composed of three interacting protein subunits: TnC, TnI, and TnT, encoded by TNNC, TNNI, and TNNT genes. TNNI and TNNT are sister gene families, and in mammals the three TNNI paralogs (TNNI1, TNNI2, TNNI3), which encode proteins with tissue-specific expression, are each in close genomic proximity with one of the three TNNT paralogs (TNNT2, TNNT3, TNNT1, respectively). It has been widely presumed that all vertebrates broadly possess genes of these same three classes, although earlier work has overlooked jawless fishes (cyclostomes) and cartilaginous fishes (chimeras, rays, and sharks), which are distantly related to other jawed vertebrates. With a new phylogenetic and synteny analysis of a diverse array of vertebrates including these taxonomic groups, we define five distinct TNNI classes (TNNI1-5), with TNNI4 and TNNI5 being only present in non-amniote vertebrates and typically found in tandem, and four classes of TNNT (TNNT1-4). These genes are located in four genomic loci that were generated by the 2R whole-genome duplications. TNNI3, encoding “cardiac TnI” in tetrapods, was independently lost in cartilaginous and ray-finned fishes. Instead, ray-finned fishes predominantly express TNNI1 in the heart. TNNI5 is highly expressed in shark hearts and contains a N-terminal extension similar to that of TNNI3 found in tetrapod hearts. Given that TNNI3 and TNNI5 are distantly related, this supports the hypothesis that the N-terminal extension may be an ancestral feature of vertebrate TNNI and not an innovation unique to TNNI3, as has been commonly believed.
Cardiac troponins: Mechanisms of release and role in healthy and diseased subjects

The cardiac troponins (cTns), cardiac troponin C (cTnC), cTnT, and cTnI are key elements of myocardial apparatus, fixed as protein complex on the thin filament of sarcomere and are involved in the regulation of excitation–contraction coupling of cardiomyocytes in the presence of Ca2+. Circulating cTnT and cTnI (cTns) increase following cardiac tissue necrosis, and they are consolidated biomarkers of acute myocardial infarction (AMI). However, the use of high sensitivity (hs)‐immunoassay tests for cTnT and cTnI has made it possible to identify a multitude of other clinical conditions associated with increased circulating levels of cTns. cTns can be measured also in the peripheral circulation of healthy subjects or athletes, suggesting that different mechanisms are involved in the release of cTns in the blood independently of cardiac cell necrosis. In this review, the molecular/cellular mechanisms involved in cTns release in blood and the exploitation of cTnI and cTnT as biomarkers of cardiac adverse events, in addition to cardiac necrosis, are discussed.
Stability of Hydrogen/Hydrocarbon Blended Fuel Flames

Anexperimentalandnumericalinvestigationispresented todelineatetheeffectson thestability ofnaturalgasjet e ames when hydrogen is added. It is observed that the e ame liftoff height decreases nonlinearly with the addition of hydrogen in a natural gas e ame. Blowout velocity sharply increases with theincrease of hydrogen content in the mixture. It is evident that hydrogen fuel dominates the stability behavior of the mixed fuel. The turbulent mixing rate of nonreacting hydrogen/hydrocarbon hybrid fuel was computed numerically. The Favre averaged Navier ‐ Stokes equations were solved numerically, and the local concentrations of hydrogen and hydrocarbon fuels were calculated for different inlet mixture conditions. The signie cance of the local concentration on the e ame stability mechanism is presented. Nomenclature BH = function of mass diffusivity of atom H BO = function of mass diffusivity of atom O BOH = function of mass diffusivity of radical OH Cr = concentration of the reactant mixture DH = binary diffusion coefe cient of H atom DO = binary diffusion coefe cient of O atom DOH = binary diffusion coefe cient of OH radical dj = burner diameter H = characteristic e ame length, Eq. (4) h = e ame length k 0 = general rate of reaction for hydrocarbon fuel L H = normalized liftoff height RH = Reynolds number based on characteristics e ame length H Re j = jet exit Reynolds number r = multiplication factor . SL/max = maximum laminar e ame speed for pure fuel Ub = blowout velocity Un = normalized blowout velocity
An investigation of the response of the radiochromic dosimeter PRESAGETM to irradiation by 62 MeV protons

Measurements of the 62 MeV proton beam at the Clatterbridge Centre for Oncology using the radiosensitive plastic PRESAGETM have previously shown a dependence of the dosimeter sensitivity (dose-response slope) on the linear energy transfer (LET) of the ionising particles. This work focuses on a possible explanation in terms of track structure theory (TST). Experimental measurements of highly irradiated PRESAGETM samples established the D37 parameter of the theory to be of the order of 1000 Gy. Initial attempts at applying the theory showed good agreement of the theoretical and experimental values of relative effectiveness, but more work is needed to verify the model and understand its different parameters.
Evaluating the efficiency and productivity of general workers in structural work practices of building construction through work-based training applications

Abstract Poor training procedures have been a substantial impact on the efficiency and productivity of workers in the construction industry of many countries. By using structured work-based training methods, this study aims to assess the effectiveness and productivity of general workers in structural work practices during building construction. A training model was developed through a comprehensive literature review and a series of expert discussions. The model was applied to hundreds of general workers engaged in seven building projects through effective supervision practices within a systematic framework. The quantitative values in the results show the variations in worker productivity and performance, which have further led to efficient methods of rewarding workers. The results also produced a new roadmap with proactive approaches to resource leveling and productivity benchmarking practices in construction operations. The study adds new characteristics and values to supervision practices towards strengthening the chain relationships among the training components, worker performance and productivity. Despite being limited to the structural practices of building projects and the Sri Lankan context, the study findings will have a significant impact on the current practices of numerous industry sectors in many developing nations.
Clinical Reasoning: A 26-Year-Old Woman With Recurrent Pain, Weakness, and Atrophy in Bilateral Upper Limbs During Pregnancy and Puerperium

We present the case of a 26-year-old woman with recurrent episodes of severe pain, weakness, and atrophy in her bilateral upper extremities during pregnancy and puerperium. She reported 2 similar episodes at ages 5 and 10 years, after which she fully recovered. On examination, we observed significant atrophy in her bilateral upper extremity muscles with decreased strength. Needle electromyography (EMG) revealed neurogenic damage in her bilateral upper limbs. The patient's clinical manifestations and auxiliary examination suggested a brachial plexopathy. Metabolic and immune factors that may occur during pregnancy and puerperium were evaluated. We also screened for paraneoplastic, neoplastic, and genetic factors. Finally, a hereditary form of disease was considered. This case emphasizes the importance of early diagnosis and avoidance of triggers.
Estimation of suitable extractant and critical level of B in cauliflower (Brassica oleracea var. botrytis, cv. Sabour Agrim) for the soils of Indo-Gangetic plain of Bihar, India

This study is a synthesis of information on suitable extractant, critical level of B in soil and plant using cauliflower (Brassica oleracea var. botrytis) (Variety: Sabour Agrim) as a test crop grown in Inceptisols, Entisols and Alfisols of Indo-Gangetic plain of Bihar,India. A pot experiment was conducted with soils from 15 locations and five levels of B ( 0, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0 and 3.0 mg B kg-1) and was replicated thrice. Four extractant methodologies were used for determination of B. The critical level of B in soil and plant was 0.55 and 21.15 mg kg-1 respectively. Among the four extractant methodologies, viz. hot-water-soluble (HWS), 0.02M hot-CaCl2 (HCC), 0.5 (M) KH2PO4(PDP) and 0.05 (M) HCl used in the present study. HCC proved to be the suitable extractant depending on the soil properties. Assessment of different B application rates revealed that the application of B should be between 0.4 to 3.0 mg kg-1 to avoid deficiency and toxicity symptoms and 2.0 mg kg-1 of B application emerged as the best treatment.
Health Effects of Soy Isoflavones and Green Tea Catechins on Cancer and Cardiovascular Diseases Based on Urinary Biomarker Levels

Plant polyphenols have various health effects. Genistein, which is abundant in soybeans, and epigallocatechin-3-gallate, which is abundant in green tea, are major flavonoids, a subclass group of polyphenols. Several epidemiological studies have shown that these flavonoids have beneficial effects against cancer and cardiovascular diseases. However, other studies did not show such effects. Several confounding factors, including recall bias, are related to these inconsistent findings, and the determination of metabolites in the urine may be useful in reducing the number of confounding factors. Equipment, which can be used by research participants to collect samples from a portion of voided urine within 24 h without the help of medical workers, has been developed for epidemiological investigations. Previous studies, in which flavonoid metabolites in these urine samples were measured, revealed that soy intake was correlated with a reduced risk of certain types of cancer and cardiovascular diseases worldwide. Although soybeans and green tea consumption may have protective effects against cancer and cardiovascular diseases, further clinical studies that consider different confounding factors are required to provide evidence for the actual impact of dietary flavonoids on human diseases, including cancer and cardiovascular diseases. One possible mechanism involved is discussed in relation to the downregulation of reactive oxygen species and the upregulation of 5′-adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase elicited by these flavonoids.
The Combined Effects of an External Field and Novel Functional Groups on the Structural and Electronic Properties of TMDs/Ti3C2 Heterostructures: A First-Principles Study

The stacking of Ti3C2 with transition metal dihalide (TMDs) materials is an effective strategy to improve the physical properties of a single material, and the tuning of the related properties of these TMDs/Ti3C2 heterostructures is also an important scientific problem. In this work, we systematically investigated the effects of an external field and novel functional groups (S, Se, Cl, Br) on the structural and electronic properties of TMDs/Ti3C2X2 heterostructures. The results revealed that the lattice parameters and interlayer distance of TMDs/Ti3C2 increased with the addition of functional groups. Both tensile and compressive strain obviously increased the interlayer distance of MoS2/Ti3C2X2 (X = S, Se, Cl, Br) and MoSe2/Ti3C2X2 (X = Se, Br). In contrast, the interlayer distance of MoSe2/Ti3C2X2 (X = S, Cl) decreased with increasing compressive strain. Furthermore, the conductivity of TMDs/Ti3C2 increased due to the addition of functional groups (Cl, Br). Strain caused the bandgap of TMDs to narrow, and effectively adjusted the electronic properties of TMDs/Ti3C2X2. At 9% compressive strain, the conductivity of MoSe2/Ti3C2Cl2 increased significantly. Meanwhile, for TMDs/Ti3C2X2, the conduction band edge (CBE) and valence band edge (VBE) at the M and K points changed linearly under an electric field. This study provides valuable insight into the combined effects of an external field and novel functional groups on the related properties of TMDs/Ti3C2X2.