Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Soil N transformations and its controlling factors in temperate grasslands in China: A study from 15N tracing experiment to literature synthesis

Temperate grasslands in arid and semiarid regions cover about 40% of the total land area in China. So far, only a few studies have studied the N transformations in these important ecosystems. In the present study, soil gross N transformation rates in Inner Mongolia temperate grasslands in China were determined using a 15N tracing experiment and combined with a literature synthesis to identify the soil N transformation characteristics and their controlling factors in a global perspective. Our results showed that the rates of gross N mineralization and immobilization NH4+ were significantly lower, while autotrophic nitrification rates were significantly higher in Chinese temperate grassland soils compared to other regions in the world. In particular, the primary mineral N consumption processes, i.e., immobilization of NO3− and NH4+, and dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium, were on average much lower in temperate grassland soils in China, compared to other temperate grassland regions. The reduced heterotrophic activity and microbial growth associated with lower soil organic carbon and arid climate (e.g., mean annual precipitation) were identified as the main factors regulating soil N cycling in the studied regions in China. To restrict NO3− accumulation and associated high risks of N losses in these arid and semiarid ecosystems in China, it is important to develop the regimes of soil organic C and water management that promote the retention of N in these grassland ecosystems.
Thermo-Hydraulic Modeling of JT-60SA TF02 Coil and Feeder for First Operation Predictions

During the commissioning phase of JT-60SA magnet system, which included the cool-down in 2020 and the energization of the 18 Toroidal Field (TF) coils up to a nominal current of 25.7 kA in 2021, the combined helium flow issued from TF02 coil and feeder outlet showed a higher temperature profile than the one of the other TF coils when energized, pointing to the presence of an extra joint resistance in the TF02 and associated feeder circuit. To analyze this temperature excursion and the potential associated risks, the TF02 hydraulic circuit and feeder have been modelled with the thermo-hydraulic CryoSoft suite in the framework of a collaboration between Fusion for Energy and CEA. This paper describes the different numerical models developed along with simplifying analytical strategies, comprising detailed THEA models of the TF02 feeder and a model of the TF02 hydraulic circuit in FLOWER. These models consider the variable thermal and hydraulic geometry along the feeder length, include static and transient heat loads from different sources, and account for the heat exchange between the feeder and the TF02 Lateral Pancake at the feeder Terminal Joint (TJ), thus enabling a detailed description of the helium temperature variations in the system. In addition to the static energization load, the discharge of the Equilibrium Field coils has been modelled and its impact on the helium temperature at the outlet and feeder TJ analyzed. Model results show that the temperature excursion due to a faulty joint in the feeder should not put at risk the operation of TF02 coil.
Collision Avoidance of Autonomous Vehicles with E-bike at Un-signalized Occluded Intersections Based on Reinforcement Learning

Un-signalized occluded intersections are residential road intersections with narrow lanes and surrounding buildings, which are prone to traffic accidents. This work uses deep reinforcement learning to design driving strategies for Autonomous Vehicles (AVs) for avoiding collision and reducing damage to electric bicycles (e-bikes) with dangerous behaviors at un-signalized occluded intersections. The conflict-avoidance behavior of e-bikes is modeled. It adopts a multi-objective reward function that considers the injury severity of e-bike riders and the driving safety and comfort of AVs. A deep deterministic policy gradient method is used to train the model to control the acceleration and steering of AVs. The performance of the proposed method is compared with that of an autonomous emergency braking system and a risk-aware high-level decision strategy by simulation experiments. Experimental results show that the driving strategy can reduce the collision probability by 26.38% on average, and the injury can be reduced by 14.05% on average when the collision is unavoidable. To our knowledge, this is the first paper that employs reinforcement learning to model and design driving strategies for AVs conflicting with e-bikes. It can be used to improve the state of the art in AV control and safety at intersections.
Analysis and assessment of air quality in the cities area of Wrocław (Poland) and Lviv (Ukraine)

W wielu współczesnych miastach głównym zagrożeniem dla środowiska i zdrowia ludności jest zanieczyszczenie powietrza. Prowadzone na świecie badania wykazały związek zanieczyszczenia powietrza pyłem zawieszonym, ditlenkiem azotu (NO2), tlenkiem węgla (CO), ditlenkiem siarki (SO2) a wzrostem zachorowalności populacji ludzkiej (Sterbeck i inni, 2002, Zwoździak i inni, 2010, Badyda i inni, 2012). Długotrwałe narażenie na podwyższone poziomy zanieczyszczeń wpływa na wzrost zachorowalności na choroby układu oddechowego, w tym nowotwory płuc (Juda-Rezler, 2006). Osobami najbardziej narażonymi na skutki zanieczyszczeń powietrza są najczęściej osoby starsze, dzieci i osoby chore (Wcisło, 2008). Emisja zanieczyszczeń gazowych do powietrza powoduje również pogorszenie stanu i zmniejszenie liczby zasobów środowiskowych, zakwaszenie gleb i akumulacji toksyn w organizmach roślinnych (Juda-Rezler, 2006). Celem pracy było przeprowadzenie analizy porównawczej jakości powietrza atmosferycznego w aglomeracji miejskiej Lwowa (Ukraina) i Wrocławia (Polska). Wybrane miasta należą do kategorii miast o podobnej gęstości zaludnienia, odznaczają się wpływem źródeł przemysłowych, transportu samochodowego na jakość powietrza oraz są ważnymi ośrodkami nauki i kultury. Ocena charakteru zanieczyszczenia i porównanie jakości powietrza we Wrocławiu i Lwowie polega na opracowaniu strategii poprawy jakości powietrza na Przegląd Naukowy – Inżynieria i Kształtowanie Środowiska nr 68, 2015: 178–192 (Prz. Nauk. Inż. Kszt. Środ. 68, 2015) Scientifi c Review – Engineering and Environmental Sciences No 68, 2015: 178–192 (Sci. Rev. Eng. Env. Sci. 68, 2015)
An Empirical Study of Dynamic Capability: Leveraging The Roles of Virtual Leadership and Relational Capital

The problems that arise are the lack of co-creation product development, low technology utilization, and organizational difficulties in adapting to market changes. From these problems, this study offers the role of dynamic capability (DC) to be adaptive during market changes by optimizing organizational resources in creating creativity. DC requires the role of virtual leadership (VL) and relational capital (RC) to encourage creative performance (CP). The evidence gap is another problem in the form of contradiction in the research results on the influence of VL on CP, which are still inconclusive. This research empirically tests the role of DC with VL and RC as antecedent variables that can be used as strategies for achieving CP. The sampling technique used was purposive sampling to obtain 180 respondents who are creative industry leaders in Central Java. This study uses the perspective of dynamic capability theory (DCT). The analysis tool is structural equation modeling (SEM), which is processed using AMOS software. The results of this study empirically prove that the role of DC can be fully mediated. This study provides practical contributions for managers to encourage organizational members to improve sensing, learning, integration, and reconfiguration capabilities in using virtual technologies and networked organizations.
Relationship between Anemia and Academic Performance in Chinese Primary School Students: Evidence from a Large National Survey

Anemia is a global public health problem, especially common among children in developing countries, which affects their physical and mental health development. However, there is currently a lack of research on the relationship between anemia and academic performance. The objective of this study was to explore the association between anemia and academic performance, and the possible factors mediating this association among Chinese children. The data for this study came from the baseline survey of the Chinese Education Panel Survey Elementary School Cohort. The cohort was conducted from September 2018 to June 2019 in 160 elementary schools, covering 20 provinces and 40 counties/districts throughout China. Paper-based questionnaires were used, completed by 4th grade students, parents, head teachers, main teachers, and principals. The data used included questionnaire responses, physical measurements, and academic performance of 17,695 students. Based on students’ hemoglobin levels and school altitude data, we grouped them into anemia and nonanemia categories using WHO criteria. The anemia group had 1,154 individuals, while the nonanemia group had 16,541 individuals. An ordinary least squares regression and mediation effect analysis were conducted. Our findings found the prevalence of anemia was 6.52% among Chinese Grade 4 students. Students without anemia had a higher average test score for three academic subjects than students with anemia (P<0.001); their test scores for Chinese, Mathematics, and English were also higher (P<0.05). Multivariate regression analysis showed a negative association between anemia and average test scores as well as individual test scores for the three subjects. Mediation analysis found that anemia affected academic performance directly (P<0.05), and indirectly by decreasing the cognition score (P<0.05). The indirect effect was 19.9% of the total effect. Findings highlighted anemia affected academic performance both directly and indirectly. Nutrition-related interventions should be implemented to prevent a decrease in academic performance among students with anemia.
Examining job involvement and perceived organizational support toward organizational commitment: job insecurity as mediator

This study delves into the intricate relationships among job involvement (JI), perceived organizational support (POS), job insecurity (JIS), and organizational commitment (OC), with a particular focus on the mediating role of JIS within the context of the Malaysian private sector. The research delves into the antecedents of job insecurity and organizational commitment, offering insights to enhance commitment. Our study involved 440 employees in the Malaysian private sector, utilizing self-report questionnaires administered online. Notably, our findings underscore the significance of employment flexibility, job positions, and tenure in shaping JIS. Furthermore, we identify significant relationships among the variables: POS negatively predicts JIS, while JI, JIS, and POS collectively predict OC, with JIS partially mediating the POS-OC relationship. These empirically-grounded insights offer actionable guidance for organizations, empowering human resources practitioners to craft effective talent retention strategies and allocate resources strategically. In doing so, organizations can enhance employee productivity and bolster organizational commitment, ultimately contributing to sustained success in a dynamic work environment. These findings hold valuable implications for human resources practitioners, guiding the development of talent retention strategies and resource allocation to enhance employee productivity.
Using Deep Learning to Estimate Tropical Cyclone Intensity from Satellite Passive Microwave Imagery

A deep learning convolutional neural network model is used to explore the possibilities of estimating tropical cyclone (TC) intensity from satellite images in the 37- and 85–92-GHz bands. The model, called “DeepMicroNet,” has unique properties such as a probabilistic output, the ability to operate from partial scans, and resiliency to imprecise TC center fixes. The 85–92-GHz band is the more influential data source in the model, with 37 GHz adding a marginal benefit. Training the model on global best track intensities produces model estimates precise enough to replicate known best track intensity biases when compared to aircraft reconnaissance observations. Model root-mean-square error (RMSE) is 14.3 kt (1 kt ≈ 0.5144 m s−1) compared to two years of independent best track records, but this improves to an RMSE of 10.6 kt when compared to the higher-standard aircraft reconnaissance-aided best track dataset, and to 9.6 kt compared to the reconnaissance-aided best track when using the higher-resolution TRMM TMI and Aqua AMSR-E microwave observations only. A shortage of training and independent testing data for category 5 TCs leaves the results at this intensity range inconclusive. Based on this initial study, the application of deep learning to TC intensity analysis holds tremendous promise for further development with more advanced methodologies and expanded training datasets.
Controlled-source seismic experiment at Hole 581C

Seismic refraction lines fired to ocean bottom seismometers (OBS) and to the ocean sub-bottom seismometer (OSS) at Site 581 provide some of the highest quality refraction data yet obtained in the deep ocean. A particularly useful subset of these data had a Soviet air gun as a source and an OBS as a receiver. Excellent data with a shot spacing of less than 250 m are well recorded out to a range of 45 km. These data are analyzed with WKBJ, r-p inversion, and reflectivity modeling which are used to obtain seismic models. The resulting model for the Northwest Pacific crust agrees with that obtained by Anosov et al. (1982) for the same region. It differs from "standard" ocean crust models in that it contains a low-velocity zone for both P and S waves near the top of Layer 3. Strong shear conversion at the base of the sediments is easily identified on the different components, yielding an accurate sediment shear velocity of 210 m/s. The value of using a very large air gun as a refraction source and geophones as sensors is obvious from the results obtained.
On the compensator of step processes in progressively enlarged filtrations and related control problems

For a step process X with respect to its natural filtration F , we denote by G the smallest right-continuous filtration containing F and such that another step process H is adapted. We investigate some structural properties of the step process X in G . We show that Z = ( X , H ) possesses the weak representation property with respect to G . Moreover, in the case H = 1 [ τ , + ∞ ) , where τ is a random time (but not an F -stopping time) satisfying Jacod’s absolute continuity hypothesis, we compute the G -predictable compensator ν G , X of the jump measure of X . Thanks to our theoretical results on ν G , X , we can consider stochastic control problems related to model uncertainty on the intensity measure of X , also in presence of an external risk source modeled by the random time τ .
MODELING OF A RECLAIMED SURFACE COAL MINE SPOIL AQUIFER USING MODFLOW

Improved prediction of the postmining water levels in mine spoil can be useful in preventing future acid mine drainage production. Using a computer model (MODFLOW), a reclaimed surface mine aquifer under steady-state conditions was simulated. To calibrate the hydrologic model, the hydraulic conductivity of the spoil had to be increased by as much as 200 times above values empirically determined by field tests. These modifications were justified by the presence of large open voids and conduits in the spoil. Simulated recharge to the spoil was primarily from fracture zones in adjacent unmined areas. Recharge from precipitation was established at a low level (10% of the mean precipitation), because of mining-induced changes to the soil structure. The steady-state calibrated model exhibited head levels 8.7% above and a discharge rate that was within 5.7% of measured field conditions. These results indicate that MODFLOW can be successfully used to simulate the ground water table and discharge rates of mine spoil after reclamation. Using the calibrated model, a constant-discharge test was applied to the aquifer. The model did not accurately simulate the results of an aquifer test performed in the field. The heterogeneous nature of the mine spoil is believed to facilitate unquantified anisotropic ground water flow, which was not accounted for in the simulations. However, the steady-state simulation with MODFLOW proved to be useful in modeling spoil under variable site conditions. Additional
Composition and Financial Performance of Farmers' Cooperative Societies in Kericho County, Kenya

The main focus of this study was to analyse the relationship between board composition and the financial performance of farmers' cooperative societies in Kericho County, Kenya. The study was based on the Stakeholder Theory and adopted a correlational research design. The target population consisted of accounting officers, auditors, chief executive officers, directors, managers, and employees from the 51 farmers' cooperative societies registered by the Ministry of Cooperatives in Kericho County. A sample size of 303 participants was determined through Yamane's (1967) formula. Data was collected using a structured questionnaire, and subject experts were consulted to enhance the validity of the research instrument. The instrument's reliability was measured using Cronbach's alpha coefficient, which yielded a result of 0.8999, indicating sufficient reliability for the study. A pilot study was conducted in Bomet County, using 10% of the sample size to evaluate the research instrument's validity. The data from the study was analysed using descriptive statistics, that is, mean and standard deviation, and inferential statistics using correlation and multiple regressions. The results were presented using frequency tables. The study found that board composition was statistically significant (Beta=0.431; p=0.000<0.055) and positively influenced the financial performance of farmers' cooperative societies. Overall, the study concluded that board composition had a positive statistically significant relationship with the financial performance of the farmer cooperative societies. The findings from this study could be used to improve the delivery of services to farmers by cooperative society management. It can also help policymakers, such as the government and other stakeholders, make informed decisions and policies to enhance the performance of cooperative societies across the country. Finally, the study's findings will benefit researchers interested in studying the relationship between board composition and the financial performance of farmers' cooperative societies.
Tilgangur og tengsl ungmenna við eigið líf, annað fólk, náttúru og hið yfirskilvitlega

Rannsóknir benda til þess að ungmenni í samtímanum upplifi líf sitt síður merkingarbært en ungmenni gerðu áður, og þau eigi erfiðara með að finna lífi sínu tilgang. Í þessari grein er sjónum beint að því hvaða tilgang og merkingu ungmenni upplifa í tengslum við eigið líf, annað fólk, náttúru og hið yfirskilvitlega. Vísbendingar eru um að það að upplifa sterk siðferðistengsl við sjálfa sig, annað fólk, náttúru og umhverfi sitt hafi jákvæð áhrif á líf einstaklinga og hjálpi þeim að takast á við erfiðleika og áskoranir. Í auknum mæli er litið á sterk andleg tengsl við veruleikann sem mikilvægan þátt í heilbrigðu lífi og til að geta tekist á við áföll og veikindi. Rannsóknin byggist á gögnum úr alþjóðlegu könnuninni Health Behaviour in School-Aged Children (HBSC) og Íslensku æskulýðsrannsókninni sem lögð var fyrir vorið 2022. Þátttakendur voru alls 1288, þar af voru drengir 51,8% og stúlkur 48,2%. Svarendur voru úr 8. bekk (N = 705) og úr 10. bekk (N = 583) grunnskóla. Stuðst er við svokallaðan „spiritual health“- mælikvarða sem þróaður hefur verið af alþjóðlegu rannsóknarteymi. Í rannsókninni var réttmæti kvarðans í íslensku samhengi kannað og leiddi greining í ljósi gott innra samræmi. Niðurstöður sýna að meirihluti ungmenna upplifði merkingarbær tengsl við annað fólk og náttúru og taldi mikilvægt að finna til persónulegs tilgangs. Minnst var tenging ungmenna við hið yfirskilvitlega, þ. e. að tengjast æðri mætti og telja mikilvægt að íhuga eða biðja. Ólíkt fyrri rannsóknum þá kom í ljós að tengsl við aðra var sá þáttur sem skoraði hæst, en tengsl við eigið sjálf fylgdi fast í kjölfarið. Þá sýna niðurstöður að drengir á Íslandi skora lítillega hærra en stúlkur á tengslum við hið yfirskilvitlega, sem er ekki í samræmi við fjölþjóðlegar rannsóknir. Niðurstöður þessarar rannsóknar sýna að ástæða er til að huga að því hvernig skapa megi ungmennum samfélag og svigrúm til að upplifa persónulegan tilgang og finna til merkingarbærra tengsla við annað fólk, náttúru og hið yfirskilvitlega.
Cancer Spheroid Segmentation Based on Vision Transformer

Two-dimensional (2D) cultures have long been the standard in vitro drug discovery paradigm. However, three-dimensional (3D) culture models, e.g. spheroids and organoids, has revolutionized the screening for new bioactive substances, drug repositioning and precision medicine, once they better mimic the natural cell environment, and consequently, provide more accurate information. Despite the advances, analyzing these images of 3D structures takes a lot of time, money, and effort. Therefore, better, more precise and more adaptive segmentation models are required due to the demand for analysis automation. In this work, by contrasting its performance with CNNs that concentrate on medical image segmentation, we explore the applicability of Transformer models to the human cancer spheroid task. Additionally, we release our own dataset that is prepared for semantic segmentation benchmarking. Our experiments showed that the CNN models were superior at handling training with fewer samples because the Transformer’s self-attention mechanism requires considerably more data and training time before converging to a learned pattern.
An observational study on treatment regimens and effectiveness for psoriasis in real-world settings among 407 patients in Southeast China

Introduction While new targeted therapies have advanced psoriasis treatment, real-world data on comparative effectiveness is lacking. This study analyzed treatment regimens and response in an observational cohort, examining potential disparities between clinical trials and routine practice. Methods Data from the Psoriasis Standardized Diagnosis and Treatment Center registry were analyzed. Patients with ≥1 follow-up were included. Treatment response was assessed using PASI 50/90 criteria. Factors associated with response were analyzed. Results 407 patients were included (46 first-time diagnosed, 361 previously diagnosed). A higher proportion of first-time diagnosed patients achieved treatment response than previously diagnosed (76.1% vs. 62.6%). Multivariable analysis identified factors associated with reduced response in previously treated patients. Conclusion This real-world study found lower treatment response rates compared to clinical trials, especially in previously treated patients. Disparities highlight remaining unmet needs for psoriasis management. Combination and rotational strategies may improve outcomes in patients unresponsive to available therapies. Ongoing research on novel targets and pathways is warranted to address treatment gaps.