Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A SIMPLE CONNECTION BETWEEN THE NEAR- AND MID-INFRARED EMISSION OF GALAXIES AND THEIR STAR FORMATION RATES

We have measured the near-infrared colors and the fluxes of individual pixels in 68 galaxies common to the Spitzer Infrared Nearby Galaxies Survey and the Large Galaxy Atlas Survey. Pixels from each galaxy are grouped into regions of increasingly red near-infrared colors. As expected, the majority of pixels are shown to have relatively constant NIR flux ratios (log10 I3.6/I1.25 = −0.30 ± 0.07 and log10 I4.5/I3.6 = −0.19 ± 0.02), representing the blackbody continuum emission of main sequence stars. However, pixels with red NIR colors correspond to pixels with higher Hα emission and dust extinction. We show that the NIR colors are correlated to both quantities, with the strongest correlation to the intrinsic Hα emission. In addition, in regions of high star formation, the average intensity of pixels in red-excess regions (at 1.25 μm, 3.6 μm, 4.5 μm, 5.6 μm, 8.0 μm and 24 μm) scales linearly with the intrinsic intensity of Hα emission, and thus with the star formation rate (SFR) within the pixel. This suggests that most NIR-excess regions are not red because their light is being depleted by absorption. Instead, they are red because additional infrared light is being contributed by a process linked to star formation. This is surprising because the shorter wavelength bands in our study (1.25 μm–5.6 μm) do not probe emission from cold (10–20 K) and warm (50–100 K) dust associated with star formation in molecular clouds. However, emission from hot dust (700–1000 K) and/or polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) molecules can explain the additional emission seen at the shorter wavelengths in our study. The contribution from hot dust and/or PAH emission at 2 μm–5 μm and PAH emission at 5.6 μm and 8.0 μm scales linearly with warm dust emission at 24 μm and the intrinsic Hα emission. Since both are tied to the SFR, our analysis shows that the NIR excess continuum emission and PAH emission at ∼1–8 μm can be added to spectral energy distribution models in a very straightforward way, by simply adding an additional component to the models that scales linearly with SFR.
HARD X-RAY AND ULTRAVIOLET EMISSION DURING THE 2011 JUNE 7 SOLAR FLARE

The relationship between X-ray and UV emission during flares, particularly in the context of quasi-periodic pulsations, remains unclear. To address this, we study the impulsive X-ray and UV emission during an eruptive flare on 2011 June 7 utilizing X-ray imaging from RHESSI and UV 1700 Å imaging from SDO/AIA. This event is associated with quasi-periodic pulsations in X-ray and possibly UV emission, as well as substantial parallel and perpendicular motion in the hard X-ray footpoints. The motion of the footpoints parallel to the flare ribbons is unusual; it reverses direction on at least two occasions. However, there is no associated short timescale motion of the UV bright regions. Over the same time interval, the footpoints also gradually move apart at v ≈ 12 km s−1, consistent with the gradual outward expansion of the UV ribbons and the standard flare model. Additionally, we find that the locations of the brightest X-ray and UV regions are different, particularly during the early portion of the flare impulsive phase, despite their integrated emission being strongly correlated in time. Correlation analysis of measured flare properties, such as the footpoint separation, flare shear, photospheric magnetic field, and coronal reconnection rate, reveals that—in the impulsive phase—the 25–50 keV hard X-ray flux is only weakly correlated with these properties, in contrast with previous studies. We characterize this event in terms of long-term behavior, where the X-ray non-thermal, thermal, and UV emission sources appear temporally and spatially consistent, and short-term behavior, where the emission sources are inconsistent and quasi-periodic pulsations are a dominant feature requiring explanation. We suggest that the short timescale behavior of hard X-ray footpoints and the nature of the observed quasi-periodic pulsations are determined by fundamental, as yet unobserved properties of the reconnection region and particle acceleration sites. This presents a challenge for current three-dimensional flare reconnection models.
National Forest Visitation Preferences and Avenues to Participation for Urban Hispanic Recreationists in the Portland Metropolitan Area (USA)

Health benefits of outdoor recreation have been broadly demonstrated and land managers recognize the equity implications of providing safe and inclusive outdoor spaces. Data on public lands visitation and outdoor participation show that Hispanic recreationists are less likely to engage in outdoor leisure than White persons. Early studies of outdoor preferences of Hispanic persons identified a desire for large-group settings and social activities. To update our understanding of outdoor recreation needs, preferences, and constraints, we collaborated with a Latinx organization in Portland, Oregon (USA). We collaboratively designed three focus groups that combined structured engagement, cognitive sorting, and participatory mapping to elicit desired outdoor activities and settings and identify constraints and opportunities. Results suggest that urban Hispanic recreationists seek a variety of human-powered, motorized, and contemplative outdoor activities and gravitate toward familiar settings. Predominant barriers relate to a lack of experience with outdoor activities and gear and lack of exposure to public land settings. Study Implications: Early studies about Hispanic outdoor participation emphasized preferences for social activities in group settings. Urban Hispanic recreationists in our study sought a diversity of human-powered, motorized, and contemplative outdoor activities. Guided group outings and Spanish-language materials were identified as steps to increase participation. Barriers included a lack of awareness of prospective recreation sites, the absence of recreation partners, and unfamiliarity with outdoor gear. Agencies seeking to enhance access may gain the greatest efficiencies by enabling guided group events providing gear, instruction, and companionship. Outreach efforts in Spanish detailing information about setting and safety features would be well received.
Graduate Students are “Making a Big Fuss”: Responding to Institutional Betrayal Around Campus Sexual Violence and Sexual Harassment

ABSTRACT Research on sexual violence and sexual harassment (SVSH) in academia has grown since the 1980s; however, the needs of graduate student survivors have received comparably little attention, which contributes to forms of institutional betrayal that specifically impact graduate students. As part of a multi-campus study on experiences of SVSH and campus resources, graduate student researchers conducted in-depth interviews and focus group discussions with 43 fellow graduate students. Using thematic analysis, we identify three mechanisms that lead to graduate students’ feelings of institutional betrayal: “passing the harasser;” shifting responsibilities for SVSH-related prevention and response onto graduate students; and inadequate resources for preventing and responding to SVSH. Building on combined analytical frameworks, the Socio-Ecological Model and Whole School Approach, we offer student-centered and evidence-based multi-level imperatives for combatting graduate student SVSH and reducing institutional betrayal. Finally, we share a flowchart we designed to model how individuals can respond to SVSH within university settings.
Applicant Selection for Anesthesiology Residency Programs in Saudi Arabia

Background Anesthesiology is a medical specialty that involves pre, intra, and postoperative surgical and medical procedures; it is a profession shaped by the clinician’s medical knowledge and manual dexterity. To date, very few studies have addressed the selection criteria and factors associated with the applicant selection process for anesthesia residency programs in Saudi Arabia. Objectives We aimed to define the criteria, factors, and guidelines for candidate selection in anesthesia residency programs in Saudi Arabia. Methodology This was a cross-sectional study conducted using electronic questionnaires that were distributed to anesthesiology program directors in Saudi Arabia via email. The questionnaire was divided into six sections, and each section included various parameters such as demographic data, cognitive/academic activities, non-cognitive/non-academic activities, individual qualities, and red flags or negative factors of the individual. The participants rated each parameter, and the collected data were analyzed for statistical significance (p≤0.05). Results A total of 28 programs were included in this survey. All 14 parameters associated with individual qualities were found to be significantly important for applicant selection (p≤0.05). Except for delayed entry into residency after graduation, all 12 parameters associated with red flags or negative characteristics of individuals were significant for candidate selection (p≤0.05). Conclusion The results showed that academic/cognitive factors and non-academic/non-cognitive factors, along with the individual characteristics of the applicant, were given priority when selecting candidates for anesthesiology residency programs in Saudi Arabia.
Theoretical spectra of photoevaporating protoplanetary discs: an atlas of atomic and low‐ionization emission lines

We present a calculation of the atomic and low-ionization emission line spectra of photoevaporating protoplanetary discs. Line luminosities and profiles are obtained from detailed photoionization calculations of the disc and wind structures surrounding young active solartype stars. The disc and wind density and velocity fields were obtained from the recently developed radiation-hydrodynamic models of Owen et al. that include stellar X-ray and EUV irradiation of protoplanetary discs at various stages of clearing, from primordial sources to inner hole sources of various hole sizes. Our models compare favourably with currently available observations, lending support to an X-ray driven photoevaporation model for disc dispersal. In particular, we find that X-rays drive a warm, predominantly neutral flow where the O I 6300 A line can be produced by neutral hydrogen collisional excitation. Our models can, for the first time, provide a very good match to both luminosities and profiles of the low-velocity component of the O I 6300 A line and other forbidden lines observed by Hartigan et al., which covered a large sample of T-Tauri stars. We find that the O I 6300 A and the Ne II 12.8 μm lines are predominantly produced in the X-ray-driven wind and thus appear blueshifted by a few km s −1 for some of the systems when observed at non-edge-on inclinations. We note, however, that blueshifts are only produced under certain conditions: X-ray luminosity, spectral shape and inner hole size all affect the location of the emitting region and the physical conditions in the wind. We caution therefore that while a blueshifted line is a tell-tale sign of an outflow, the lack of a blueshift should not be necessarily interpreted as a lack of outflow. Comparison of spectrally resolved observations of multiple emission lines with detailed model sets, like the one presented here, should provide useful diagnostics of the clearing of gaseous discs.
GC-MS analysis of Anadara uropigimelana and screening of its in vitro antioxidant and antiproliferative effect against MCF-7 cells

In many researchers have shifted their attention away from synthetic bioactive compounds to naturally existing ones for the purpose of novel therapeutic drugs. Such studies focused on the bioactive compounds from plants or animal sources including marine bivalves. Anadara uropigimelana is one of the most abundant marine bivalves along the coastal zones of the Mediterranean Sea, Port Said, Egypt. In the present study, live samples of A. uropigimelana ( Au ) were collected from the intertidal zones during winter to avoid elevated water temperature and gametogenesis during summer. GC-MS analysis was used to identify and characterize the bioactive compounds in Au extract. The protein content, flavonoid, and antioxidants of the Au extract were assessed. Its DPPH radical scavenging activity and its cytotoxicity (MTT assay) against the human breast cancer cells (MCF-7) were performed. Twenty-eight compounds were identified with a variety of referenced pharmacological activities. The MTT results showed that Au extract has a cytotoxic effect against MCF-7 (IC 50 value was 0.579 mg/ml after 72 h of treatment). Au extract exhibited higher DPPH scavenging activity, with IC 50 of 59.61 µg/ml, than that of the ascorbic acid. The present results indicate that Au extract showed rich content of flavonoids and proteins with appreciated antioxidant activity and cytotoxic effect against a representative cancer cell model. The present study spotlighted one of the ecologically neglected marine bivalves, that offers a valuable tissue extract, which could be beneficially used as a natural source of bioactive compounds with its considerable content of protein, flavonoids, and antioxidants.
Factors Affecting Customer Satisfaction on Shopee

There are several elements that have a direct impact on the level of enjoyment that consumers derive from online shopping. Consequently, the purpose of the present study was to investigate the personal experiences of Shopee users and the elements that influence their degree of satisfaction. The result of this study is expectantly to allow Shopee to strengthen their business policy and practices on how they can provide better service to the customer. A total of 162 Shopee customers who met the study's eligibility standards were asked to complete a series of questions. Using descriptive, correlational, and ANOVA analyses, the questionnaire data were examined. This study employed four independent variables: perceived usefulness, perceived usability, perceived trust, and perceived convenience. These independent variables were derived from the Technology Acceptance Model (henceforth TAM) and their link to the dependent variable, namely Shopee customer satisfaction, was examined. The findings indicate that all variables were significantly correlated. The findings further revealed that perceived trust and perceived usefulness of use are the highest determinants of consumer satisfaction. The results of this study lead to a better understanding of the level of consumer satisfaction with online shopping services, particularly Shopee. Future research could be extended to a variety of online shopping platforms for comparison. Intervening variables could have also been included such as psychological, emotional, attitudes and others as to obtain a more comprehensive result.
Gluon Propagators in 3D SU(2) Theory and Effects of Gribov Copies

Infrared behavior of the Landau gauge gluon propagators is studied numerically in the 3d SU(2) gauge theory on the lattice. A special accent is made on the study of Gribov copy effect. For this study we employ an efficient gauge-fixing algorithm and a large number of gauge copies (up to 280 copies per configuration). It is shown that, in the deep infrared region, the Gribov copy effects are very significant. Also we show that, in the infinite-volume limit, the zero-momentum value of the propagator does not vanish.
A Comparative Study on Assessment Practices Between Private and Public Early Childhood Centres in Kumasi Metropolis, Ghana

Purpose: Despite numerous quantitative studies on teachers’ conceptions and practices of assessment, little research exists regarding the unique assessment environment of Kumasi Metropolis, Ghana. This study uses quantitative data to compare how teachers in private and public early childhood centres employ assessment practice in Kumasi Metropolis, Ghana. Methodology: The study adopted a participant selection model in which quantitative data was analysed to select 232 participants from 149 schools with the use of descriptive survey design. Results: The findings revealed that both private and public early childhood teachers make use of both formative and summative assessment practices in their classroom settings. Further analysis of the data revealed that both private and public teachers in the early childhood centres employed multiple assessment tools when assessing learning outcomes among children. However, public early childhood teachers have higher level of understanding of assessment practices than their counterparts in the private centres. Unique Contributions to Theory, Policy and Practices: It is therefore recommended that headteachers in collaboration with the Metro Education Directorate should organise workshop to equip ECE teachers with skills on the use of the various assessment types in the early childhood centres especially those in the private schools. Again, headteachers and circuit supervisors, within Kumasi Metropolis should encourage ECE teachers to continually use multiple assessment tools in assessing learning outcomes. Lastly, more workshops and in-service trainings should be organized by the headteachers, with support from Metro Education Directorate, for private early childhood teachers in the Kumasi Metropolis to equip them with the knowledge on assessment practices, since they seem to have limited knowledge on it.
HOW TO SEARCH FOR ISLANDS OF NEUTRAL HYDROGEN IN THE z  ∼  5.5 IGM

Observations of the Lyman-alpha (Lyα) forest may allow reionization to complete as late as z ∼ 5.5, provided the ionization state of the intergalactic medium (IGM) is sufficiently inhomogeneous at these redshifts. In this case, significantly neutral islands may remain among highly ionized gas with the ionized regions allowing some transmission through the Lyα forest. This possibility has the important virtue that it is eminently testable with existing Lyα forest data. In particular, we describe three observable signatures of significantly neutral gas in the z ∼ 5.5 IGM. We use mock quasar spectra produced from numerical simulations of reionization to develop these tests. First, we quantify how the abundance and length of absorbed regions in the forest increase with the volume-averaged neutral fraction in our reionization model. Second, we consider stacking the transmission profile around highly absorbed regions in the forest. If and only if there is significantly neutral gas in the IGM, absorption in the damping wing of the Lyα line will cause the transmission to recover slowly as one moves from absorbed to transmitted portions of the spectrum. Third, the deuterium Lyβ line should imprint a small but distinctive absorption feature slightly blueward of absorbed neutral regions in the Lyβ forest. We show that these tests can be carried out with existing Keck HIRES spectra at z ∼ 5.5, with the damping wing being observable for and the deuterium feature observable with additional high-resolution spectra for .
Robust Estimation for Weibull Regression Model

Weibull regression model is one of the most prevalently used parametric regression models. Estimation of the parameters of this model is affected by the presence of outliers. Outliers may be caused by actual rare events or by measurement, coding, or data entry errors, which cause a serious problem in parameter estimation. Therefore, robust estimation methods are used to overcome this problem since they are insensitive to perturbations. This paper discusses the efficiency of using two robust estimation methods, the M-estimation method and the MM-estimation method for estimating the parameters of Weibull regression model. Also, a Monte Carlo simulation study was conducted to compare the performance of robust M-estimation and MM-estimation methods with the maximum likelihood method for estimating the parameters of Weibull regression model in the presence of outliers. The simulation results showed that the robust MM-estimation method gives better performance than the maximum likelihood method and the M-estimation method.
Psychometric Performance of a Condition-Specific Quality-of-Life Instrument for Dutch Children Born with Esophageal Atresia

A condition-specific instrument (EA-QOL©) to assess quality of life of children born with esophageal atresia (EA) was developed in Sweden and Germany. Before implementing this in the Netherlands, we evaluated its psychometric performance in Dutch children. After Swedish–Dutch translation, cognitive debriefing was conducted with a subset of EA patients and their parents. Next, feasibility, reliability, and validity were evaluated in a nationwide field test. Cognitive debriefing confirmed the predefined concepts, although some questions were not generally applicable. Feasibility was poor to moderate. In 2-to-7-year-old children, 8/17 items had >5% missing values. In 8-to-17-year-old children, this concerned 3/24 items of the proxy-report and 5/14 items of the self-report. The internal reliability was good. The retest reliability showed good correlation. The comparison reliability between self-reports and proxy-reports was strong. The construct validity was discriminative. The convergent validity was strong for the 2-to-7-year-old proxy-report, and weak to moderate for the 8-to-17-year-old proxy-report and self-report. In conclusion, the Dutch-translated EA-QOL questionnaires showed good reliability and validity. Feasibility was likely affected by items not deemed applicable to an individual child’s situation. Computer adaptive testing could be a potential solution to customizing the questionnaire to the individual patient. Furthermore, cross-cultural validation studies and implementation-evaluation studies in different countries are needed.
A general approach to quantum Hall hierarchies

The Abelian hierarchy of quantum Hall states accounts for most of the states in the lowest Landau level, and there is evidence of a similar hierarchy of non-Abelian states emanating from the ν=5/2 Moore–Read state in the second Landau level. Extending a recently developed formalism for hierarchical quasihole condensation, we present a theory that allows for the explicit construction of the ground state wave function, as well as its quasiparticle excitations, for any state based on the Abelian hierarchy. We relate our construction to structures in rational conformal field theory and stress the importance of using coherent state wave functions, which allows us to formulate an extension of the bulk–edge correspondence that was conjectured by Moore and Read. Finally, we study the proposed ground state wave functions in the limiting geometry of a thin torus and argue that they coincide with the known exact results.
Localising centralised climate policies in Ghana: insights from 3 local governments

ABSTRACT Urban climate governance scholarship has paid little attention in Sub-Saharan Africa, where studies of this kind are needed. Using semi-structured interviews with officials from three local governments with populations less than 300,000 inhabitants, this paper explores how centralized climate policies are implemented locally in Ghana. The results show that though the national climate policies are good tools, local government’s ability to implement them is quite limited due to a lack of independence and funding to make climate decisions. But with the growing climate crisis, the paper concludes that urban climate governance is likely to improve especially in developing countries.