Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Jaqen: A High-Performance Switch-Native Approach for Detecting and Mitigating Volumetric DDoS Attacks with Programmable Switches

The emergence of programmable switches offers a new opportunity to revisit ISP-scale defenses for volumetric DDoS attacks. In theory, these can offer better cost vs. performance vs. ﬂexibility trade-offs relative to proprietary hardware and virtual appliances. However, the ISP setting creates unique challenges in this regard—we need to run a broad spectrum of detection and mitigation functions natively on the programmable switch hardware and respond to dynamic adaptive attacks at scale. Thus, prior efforts in using programmable switches that assume out-of-band detection and/or use switches merely as accelerators for speciﬁc tasks are no longer sufﬁcient, and as such, this potential remains unrealized. To tackle these challenges, we design and implement Jaqen, a switch-native approach for volumetric DDoS defense that can run detection and mitigation functions entirely inline on switches, without relying on additional data plane hardware. We design switch-optimized, resource-efﬁcient detection and mitigation building blocks. We design a ﬂexible API to construct a wide spectrum of best-practice (and future) defense strategies that efﬁciently use switch capabilities. We build a network-wide resource manager that quickly adapts to the attack posture changes. Our experiments show that Jaqen is orders of magnitude more performant than existing systems: Jaqen can handle large-scale hybrid and dynamic attacks within seconds, and mitigate them effectively at high line-rates (380 Gbps).
Does Bisphosphonate Delay Bone Healing After Proximal Femoral Nail Anti-Rotation

BackgroundBisphosphonates are widely used for osteoporotic patients to decrease the rate of osteoporotic fractures and they have been shown to reduce the mortality rate in clinical trials. A yearly intravenous zoledronic acid in a clinical study (The HORIZON-RFT) significantly reduced any new clinical fracture and also secondary prevention of hip fracture while bisphosphonates are known to delay remodeling of bone raising the risk that they may delay fracture healing. However, current studies lack data demonstrating whether bisphosphonate (BPs) delays bone healing after hip fracture treatment in clinical practice. Purpose of study was to determine whether treating elderly patients with Bisphosphonate (BP’s) after proximal femoral nail fixation (PFNA) for intertrochanteric fractures delays fracture healing compared to similar patients not treated with BP’s. A secondary goal was to compare the functional outcome, complications and mortality between the two treatment groups.MethodsOne hundred ninety-six elderly patients underwent PFNA fixation for intertrochanteric fracture between 2015 and 2017 with age > 60 years and minimum 1-year follow-up inclusive of functional scores and complications.Intervention: Surgical treatment of intertrochanteric fracture plus calcium and vitamin D supplementation.Main Outcome Measurements: Time to clinical union and radiographic union (weeks), the functional outcome (Harris Hip Score) and complications including mechanical failure and mortality rate. Setting: Level 1 Trauma CenterResults There were comparable functional class and comorbidity between those with BP’s and not treated BP’s. In addition, there was no different in mortality rate (4.0%% vs 6.6%, p=0.537), time to clinical union (6.0 weeks vs 6.0 weeks, p=0.822), radiographic union (11.8 weeks vs 12.0 weeks, p=0.849), and functional outcome (Harris Hip Score) (74.4 vs 69.9, p=0.177) between two groups.ConclusionsBP’s can be used after surgical treatment of an osteoporotic hip fracture without concern that fracture healing will be delayed.Level of Evidence: Prognostic level III.
Role of Therapeutic Plasma Exchange in Guillain-Barre Syndrome after Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant: Report of Two Cases.

BACKGROUND Guillain-Barre Syndrome (GBS) is an acute inflammatory polyneuropathy characterized with rapid, progressive, ascending, and symmetrical weakness and areflexia. It is supposed to be an autoimmune disease related with production of antibodies by T lymphocytes activated against antigenic proteins of the peripheral nerves. Guillain-Barre Syndrome occurring after hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) has been associated with viral infections or toxic effects of chemotherapy. METHODS We report two GBS cases after HSCT treated successfully by means of therapeutic plasma exchange. RESULTS In a total of 257 patients, 2 cases (0.8%) were diagnosed with GBS following HSCT. Allogeneic HSCT was performed and complete remission was achieved. Diagnosis of GBS was established on the 45th and 69th days with respect to clinical, cerebrospinal fluid, and electromyography findings. Patients did not respond to treatment consisting of intravenous immunoglobulins (IVIG) (1 g/kg/day) for 2 days and methylprednisolone (1 g/kg/day). Mechanical ventilation was indicated in one patient due to the involvement of respiratory muscles. Therapeutic plasma exchange resulted in complete recovery in both cases. CONCLUSIONS Guillain-Barre Syndrome is a rare but serious complication, which may occur after HSCT. Increased awareness and early diagnosis are crucial in the management of GBS. First line treatment consists of IVIG and steroids and therapeutic plasma exchange must be considered without delay in refractory cases.
Flood event attribution and damage estimation using national- scale grid-based modelling: Winter 2013/14 in Great Britain Short title: Winter 2013/14 flood attribution and damage estimation

A sequence of major flood events in Britain over the last two decades has prompted questions about the influence of anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions on flood risk. Such questions are difficult to answer definitively, as a range of other factors are involved, but modelling techniques allow an assessment of how much the chance of occurrence of an event could have been altered by emissions. Here, the floods of Winter 2013/14 in Great Britain are assessed by combining ensembles of climate model data with a national-scale hydrological model and, for one severely-impacted river basin (the Thames), a detailed analysis of flood inundation and the increased number of residential properties placed at risk. One climate model ensemble represents the range of possible weather under the current climate, while 11 alternative ensembles represent the weather as it could have been had past emissions not occurred. The pooled ensemble results show that emissions are likely to have increased the chance of occurrence of these floods across much of the country, with a stronger influence on longer duration peaks (~10 days or more) than for shorter durations (consistent with observations). However, there is substantial variation in results between alternative ensembles, with some suggesting likely decreases in the chance of flood occurrence, at least in some regions of the country. The influence on flows and property flooding varies spatially, due to both spatial variation in the influence on precipitation and variation in physical properties that affect the transformation of precipitation to river flow and flood impacts, including flood defences. This complexity highlights the importance of using hydrological modelling to attribute hydrological impacts from meteorological changes. Changes in snow occurrence in a warming climate are also shown to be important, with effects varying spatially.
Predicted Sources of Samples Returned From Chang’e−5 Landing Region

China's Chang’e‐5 (CE‐5) has returned 1.731 kg lunar samples from a young mare unit on December 2020. Here, the authors used a spatially resolved numerical model, which considers both impact mixing and volcanic effusion, to estimate the evolving distribution of components over the landing region. Using this model, the age composition of surface scooped and sub‐surface drilled CE‐5 samples and their sources were traced back. The proposed model predicts that local mare material predominates in both surface and sub‐surface samples and the nonlocal mare component is ∼1%. There is ∼40% of nonmare component. The composition of both nonmare components in the surface and sub‐surface samples are similar: Abundant components are basin‐sourced melts, where the Imbrium melt are ∼ 25% among all the melt. The ejecta of Sharp B, Harding, Copernicus, and Aristarchus crater that possess different compositions of basin‐sourced melt may have significantly altered the material composition of the landing surface.
RE-EVALUATING HORTON’S INTELLECTUALIST THEORY OF RELIGIOUS CHANGE IN IGBO LAND

Religious change is ongoing phenomenon in any human society, and it varies from society to society. There are many reasons or factors that are responsible for religious change in any society or culture. And its interpretation by different models differs greatly depending on the theory employed to investigate the nature of change. Factors of religious change keep changing with time, and there is no single factor that can be seen that is responsible for religious change. Horton‟s intellectualist theory of religious change focuses more on the development of the traditional African cosmology in response to the world cosmology precipitated by the two world religions (Christianity and Islam). Through this way, the features of traditional cosmology keeps crumbling in the face of world religions and non religious factors, hence religious change from traditional religion to Christianity or Islam. Religious change has taken different dimension in this age of scientific discoveries. Missionaries are not seen in great numbers as it used to be but religious change keeps taking place rapidly. Intellectualist theory of Horton forms as a base for explanation of religious change not on efforts of missionaries or other religious factors.
Carabo-Cone, Dalcroze, Kodály, and Orff Schulwerk Methods

This study emphasizes findings from literature reviews that aimed to describe and present the current teaching strategies in Music education. These teaching strategies are one of the needed primary skills of Music teachers to address the learning challenges, competencies, and diverseness of the existing curriculum, help them to explore the needs of the students, and give them a framework of what could be the best and appropriate strategy in delivering a lesson. This study employed a descriptive method to gather information about present conditions through a library method and literature review. The data were analyzed using explanatory synthesis. Based on the literature review, the researcher identified four well-known teaching strategies in Music education: the Carabo-Cone Method, Dalcroze Method, Kodaly Method, and Orff Schulwerk Approach. The researcher used four criteria in synthesizing reviews such as the proponent, foundation, philosophy, and methodology. Conclusion of the results and discussions, the four teaching strategies also varied in four indicators, yet similarly focused on using the senses for holistic growth and development and providing all students with the opportunity to be successful. The quality of education depends mostly on the part of the teacher. The different Music teaching strategies serve as a guide to fulfilling the purpose satisfactorily that a teacher and a student needs. It is recommended to analyze its implications towards different modes of learning as global education facing numerous challenges in terms of economic crisis, pandemic, and educational incapability and inequalities that could affect the educational system.
CAMA Centre for Applied Macroeconomic Analysis Deep Habits and Exchange Rate Pass-through CAMA Working Paper 17 / 2016 April 2016

Habit persistence at the level of individual goods varieties can explain incomplete exchange rate pass-through to international prices. Deep habits give rise to a dynamic import demand function that leads to import price markup adjustments, independently of nominal pricing frictions. Augmenting a standard New Keynesian two-country model with deep habits, we obtain low exchange rate pass-through to import prices even when local currency prices are relatively flexible. As prices become more rigid, the presence of deep habits further reduces the pass-through of exchange rate fluctuations. Without deep habits, the model requires implausibly high degrees of price stickiness to match the pass-through dynamics triggered by an exchange rate shock in a vector autoregression. | T H E A U S T R A L I A N N A T I O N A L U N I V E R S I T Y
Recovery Yield and Bioactivities Evaluation on Essential Oil and Ethanolic Extract of Star Anise (Illicium verum Hook.f.)

This study focused on the extraction of the essential oil and extract from star anise (Illicium verum Hook.f.) and the evaluation of the physicochemical properties and bioactivities of these products. This study was conducted by 'one factor at a time' method on the factors affecting on the extraction yield of essential oil and the antioxidant activity of the extract.
Determination of Element Levels in Selected Wild Mushroom Species in Turkey Using Non-Destructive Analytical Techniques

The elemental concentration of K, Fe, Cu, Mn, Zn, Pb, Cd, Ni, Sn, Br, Sr, Ti, Rb, As, Th, an U in eleven wild growing mushroom species collected from various regions of Turkey were determined by using non-destructive nuclear analytical techniques like tube-excited energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence and gamma ray spectroscopic measurements. The highest element concentrations for K, Fe, Cu, Mn, Zn, Pb, Cd, Ni, Sn, Br, Sr, Ti, Rb, As, Th, and U were 50977 ± 3982, 2971 ± 749, 99.1 ± 5.5, 71.3 ± 49.1, 266 ± 109, 5.6 ± 0.1, 3.08 ± 0.91, 3.6 ± 0.7, 1.6 ± 0.1, 27.2 ± 19.7, 19.9 ± 2.1, 602. ± 166, 72.4 ± 24.5, 3.7 ± 0.7, 1.8 ± 0.9 and 0.42 ± 0.13 mg/kg dry mass, respectively.
First Appearance Data of selected acritarch taxa and 1 correlation of Lower and Middle Ordovician Stages 2 3

8 9 First Appearance Data (FADs) of selected, easily recognizable acritarch morphotypes 10 are assessed to determine their potential contribution to correlation of Lower and Middle 11 Ordovician stages and substage divisions along the Gondwanan margin (Perigondwana) and 12 between Perigondwana and other palaeocontinents. The FADs of nineteen genera, species 13 and species groups are recorded throughout their biogeographical ranges. The taxa 14 investigated fall into three groups. Some have FADs at about the same level throughout their 15 biogeographical ranges and are useful for long-distance and intercontinental correlation. 16 Among these are: Coryphidium, Dactylofusa velifera, Peteinosphaeridium and 17 Rhopaliophora in the upper Tremadocian Stage; Arbusculidium filamentosum, Aureotesta 18 clathrata simplex and Coryphidium bohemicum in the lower–middle Floian Stage; 19 Dicrodiacrodium in the upper Floian Stage; Frankea in the Dapingian–lower Darriwilian 20 stages; and Orthosphaeridium spp. , with FADs in the Dapingian–lower Darriwilian stages of 21 Perigondwanan regions and at about the same level in Baltica. Other taxa, however, have 22 diachronous (or apparently diachronous) FADs, and this needs to be taken into account when 23 using them for correlation. A second group of genera and species, comprising Striatotheca, 24 the Veryhachium lairdii group and the V. trispinosum group, have a recurring pattern of 25 FADs in the Tremadocian Stage on Avalonia and in South Gondwana and West Gondwana, 26 but in the Floian Stage of South China and East Gondwana. The third group, consisting of 27 Arkonia, Ampullula, Barakella, Dasydorus, Liliosphaeridium and Sacculidium, have FADs 28 that are markedly diachronous throughout their biogeographical ranges, although the global 29 FADs of Arkonia, Ampullula, Liliosphaeridium and Sacculidium are apparently in South 30 China and/or East Gondwana. It is possible that diachronous FADs are only apparent and an 31 artefact of sampling. Nevertheless, an alternative interpretation, suggested by recurring 32
New Coordination Polymer Changing Its Color upon Reversible Deintercalation and Reintercalation of Water: Synthesis, Structure, and Properties of Poly[Diaqua-(μ2-Squarato-O,O‘)-(μ2-4,4‘-Bipyridine-N,N‘)- Manganese(II)] Trihydrate

The new coordination polymer poly[diaqua-(μ2-squarato-O,O‘)-(μ2-4,4‘-bipyridine-N,N‘)-manganese(II)] trihydrate was prepared by hydrothermal reaction of MnCl2·4 H2O with squaric acid and 4,4‘-bipyridine in water. In the crystal structure the manganese atoms are octahedrally coordinated by two squarate anions, two 4,4‘-bipyridine ligands, and two water molecules. The squarate anions and the 4,4‘-bipyridine ligands connect the metal atoms into interpenetrated sheets and are connected via O−H···O hydrogen bonding. From this arrangement channels are formed in which additional water molecules are intercalated. The channel water molecules can be reversibly de- and intercalated by heating or in a vacuum in a presumably topotactic reaction. The water molecules bound to the manganese atoms can also be removed on heating leading to the new intensely yellow compound Mn(C4O4)(4,4‘-bipyridine). Even this compound incorporates water leading to the formation of the starting material. The reaction is accompanied with a c.
Trends in Analytical Developments and Earth Science Applications in LA‐ICP‐MS and LA‐MC‐ICP‐MS for 2004 and 2005

This review of laser ablation‐inductively coupled plasma‐mass spectrometry includes research that employed quadrupole instruments, and single‐collector and multicollector magnetic sector field instruments. The most important trend in 2004–2005 was the growing appreciation that small matrix effects in LA‐(MC)‐ICP‐MS need to be addressed in order to produce highly precise and accurate data by the method. The issue is most acute for isotope ratio measurements that require standard‐sample‐standard bracketing but can also be important for certain elemental analysis. Matrix‐dependent elemental and isotopic fractionations were studied from the standpoint of laser‐sample interactions and the behaviour of laser‐generated particles in the ablation cell, transfer tubing and ICP torch. Innovations in LA‐(MC)‐ICP‐MS involved signal smoothing, in torch laser ablation, on‐line isotope dilution and molecular oxide monitoring. Other important research was carried out on the calibration and homogeneity of various reference materials; and the exploration of mature (in situ U‐Pb geochronology) and emerging (apatite fission‐track chronometry, U‐Th/He thermochronology, boron/strontium/uranium‐series isotopic microanalysis) applications in the Earth sciences.
Synthese von optisch aktiven, natürlichen Carotinoiden und strukturell verwandten Naturprodukten. I. Synthese der chiralen Schlüsselverbindung (4R, 6R)‐4‐Hydroxy‐2,2,6‐trimethylcyclohexanon

Synthesis of optically active natural carotenoids and structurally related compounds. I. Synthesis of the chiral key compound (4R, 6R)-4-hydroxy-2,2,6-trimethylcyclohexanone. A technical synthesis of (4R, 6R)-4-hydroxy-2,2,6-trimethylcyclohexanone (7) starting from the readily available oxo-isophorone (2) is described. 7 is an ideal precursor for the synthesis of naturally occurring, optically active hydroxylated carotenoids (e.g. zeaxanthin, cryptoxanthin and structurally related compounds). Chirality is introduced at C(6) by a stereoselective fermentative hydrogenation of the double bond using baker's yeast as the biocatalyst. Thereafter the carbonyl group at C(4) is reduced selectively and stereospecifically by chemical methods to the corresponding alcohol. Chemical reduction is preferably carried out by hydrogenation in the presence of a nickel catalyst or using triisobutylaluminium as the reducing agent. Stability, stereochemistry and physical properties of 7 and the stereoisomers thereof are discussed.
Long term performance cobalt oxide silica membrane module for high temperature H2 separation

Here we show the long term performance at high temperatures of a multi-tube module containing 8 membranes in 4 parallel lines with a total of 545 cm2 area. The membranes were prepared via thin film dip coating of cobalt oxide silica (CoOxSi) sol–gel on tubular alumina supports. A preliminary study found that the sol–gel containing 20 mol% cobalt oxide formed the best microporous structure with the highest surface area and pore volume. All resulting membranes delivered permeances of ∼1 × 10−7 mol m−2 s−1Pa−1 at 500 °C, indicating a high repeatability for the membrane fabrication process. The permselectivities of helium (He) and hydrogen (H2) over carbon dioxide (CO2) and nitrogen (N2) increased from 10–20 at 100 °C to values close to 1000 at 500 °C. Additionally, the apparent energies of activation (Eact) for the smaller kinetic diameter gases He and H2 at 12.2 and 19.5 kJ mol−1 were high and contrary to the negative values for larger gases N2 and CO2 at −1.8 and −7.4 kJ mol−1. These remarkable results were attributed to the molecular sieving mechanism of the microporous silica which was enhanced by the embedding of cobalt oxide into the matrix, delivering structural control with an average pore size of 3 A. The Eact for H2 permeance was higher than that of He, indicating that the cobalt oxide played an important role in H2transport. Two membrane lines performed exceptionally well for binary gas mixture processing with H2 purity reaching values close to 100% in the permeate stream for argon (Ar) concentrations of up to 80% in the retentate stream. A major finding here is that the binary gas selectivity was independent of temperature, contrary to the permselectivity observed for single gas permeance. Further, the H2 flow rate was greatly affected by the concentration of Ar in the mixture, while the temperature dependency played only a marginal role. In particular, competitive adsorption in the percolative pathways containing pore constrictions or bottlenecks of the anisotropic CoOxSi matrix allowed Ar to impede H2 diffusion. Finally, the CoOxSi membranes proved thermally stable and robust for 2000 h of testing for various thermal cycles up to 500 °C.
Protection mechanisms of DMDHEU treated wood against white and brown rot fungi

Abstract The resistance of beech and pine wood blocks treated with 1,3-dimethylol-4,5-dihydroxyethylene urea (DMDHEU) against Trametes versicolor and Coniophora puteana increased with increasing weight percent gain (WPG) of DMDHEU. Full protection [mass loss (ML) below 3%] was reached at WPGs of approximately 15% (beech) and 10% (pine). Untreated and DMDHEU treated blocks were infiltrated with nutrients and thiamine prior to fungal incubation and it was observed whether the destruction or removal of nutrients and vitamins during the modification process has an influence on the ML caused by the fungi. This study revealed that no considerable differences were found. Then, the cell wall integrity was partly destroyed by milling and the decay of the fine wood powder filled into steel mesh bags was compared to that of wood mini-blocks. The purpose of this study was to examine whether the effects of surface area, cell wall bulking, and reduction in micro-void diameters play a role in decay resistance. The ML caused by the fungi, however, also decreased with increasing WPG and showed comparable patterns similar to the case of mini-blocks. ML of powder bearing the highest WPG appeared to be caused by losses in DMDHEU during fungal incubation. For brown rotted wood, the infrared absorption ratios at 1030 cm-1 and 1505 cm-1 revealed decreasing decay of polysaccharides with increasing WPG of treated wood.
On the Complexity of Equilibrium Computation in First-Price Auctions

We consider the problem of computing a (pure) Bayes-Nash equilibrium in the first-price auction with continuous value distributions and discrete bidding space. We prove that when bidders have independent subjective prior beliefs about the value distributions of the other bidders, computing an $\varepsilon$-equilibrium of the auction is PPAD-complete, and computing an exact equilibrium is FIXP-complete.