Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Biodiversity and Abundance of Phytoplankton from Muthupettai Mangrove Region, South East Coast of India

Phytoplanktons are of great ecological worth since they comprise the major portion of primary producers in the marine environment. In the present study, a total of 95 species of phytoplankton were recorded from both the stations, of which, station I recorded 87 species and station II recorded 76 species. The phytoplankton species are maximum were observed in station I and minimum were observed station II. The phytoplankton recorded with the present study was belongings to families Coscinodisceae (17) > Ceratiaceae (12) > Chaetoceraceae (11) > Biddulphoidae (9) > Naviculaceae (9) > Triceratiinae (6) > Solenoidae (6) > Fragilariaceae (5) > Dinophyceae (5) > Cyanophyceae (4) > Euodicidae (3) > Eucambiinae (2) > Prorocentraceae (2) > Triadiniaceae (2) > Isthiminae (1) > Gonyaulacaceae (1). The percentage contribution of phytoplankton families at two different station was in a decrease order as given below: Coscinodisceae (17.89%) >Ceratiaceae (12.63%) > Chaetoceraceae (11.57%) > Biddulphoidae (9.47%) > Naviculaceae (9.47%) > Triceratiinae (6.31%) > Solenoidae (6.31%) >Fragilariaceae (5.26%) > Dinophyceae (5.26%) > Cyanophyceae (4.21%) >Euodicidae (3.15%) > Eucambiinae (2.10%) > Prorocentraceae (2.10%) > Triadiniaceae (2.10%) > Isthiminae (1.05%) > Gonyaulacaceae (1.05%). The data analysis in Margalef’s species richness (d’), Shannon-Weiner diversity function (H’), Pielou’s evenness (J’) and Simpson’s dominance (1-λ’) was used to reflect the underlying changes in physical and chemical properties of phytoplankton species. The species richness and diversity of phytoplankton at three sampling stations were determined using Pielous evenness were highest at the station I (0.9215) and lowest at the station II (0.8340). Both Margalef’s diversity and richness were highest at the stations 1 (4.2157 and 5.3810) and lowest at the station II (4.1452 and 5.1073). Both Shannon and Simpson indices were highest at the stations I (4.3261 and 0.9175) and lowest at the station II (4.2958 and 0.9051).
The Earliest Bryological Data from East-Central Europe

This paper presents an annotated list of bryophyte species recorded within the present area of Poland and Kaliningrad Oblast (Russia), which were published in various botanical works between 1590 and 1730 in the pre-Linnaean period of plant taxonomy. Amongst a number of early botanical works, two catalogues are of special importance. These are the treatise on plants of the Kingdom of Poland by G. Rzączyński, of 1721, and a catalogue of plants recorded in the vicinity of Warsaw by H. C. Erndtel, of 1730. The first bryological records from the area of contemporary Poland originate from the village of Miłomłyn (German Liebemühl) and from the vicinity of the city of Gdańsk (German Danzig) and were published in 1590 and in 1643, respectively. In the pre-Linnaean period of botany, 24 bryophyte species were known from the area of today's Poland, including two liverworts and 22 mosses. For each species, localities are provided and polynomial synonyms appearing in the early literature are thoroughly discussed.
Forest Cover Influences Territoriality of Collared Forest-Falcons in a Modified Landscape of Tropical Moist Forest

Abstract Little is known of how territoriality of tropical forest raptors may be influenced by habitat reduction or fragmentation. We compared territory size and territorial defense behavior of Collared Forest-Falcons (Micrastur semitorquatus) in four 2500-ha survey quadrants with differing percent cover of tropical moist forest in a modified landscape in east-central Mexico. We delineated territories of Collared Forest-Falcons using playbacks of a simulated intruder, and calculated territory size and core area size using GIS. We also measured latency, duration, and type of territorial response of falcons to playbacks. We estimated a mean territory size of 205.5 ± 98.7 ha for seven Collared Forest-Falcons, although territories were significantly larger in low-forest-cover landscapes (mean 288.6 ± 76.9 ha), compared to those with high forest cover (mean 143.1 ± 58.3 ha). Collared Forest-Falcons showed stronger territorial behavior when defending territories with greater forest cover, responding for a longer time (5.9 ± 3.3 min), and including vocalizations with flights toward the speaker, compared to territories with low forest cover, where falcons mainly vocalized for 2 ± 1.1 min. Our results suggest that the Collared Forest-Falcon is sensitive to the extent of forest cover in the landscape, compensating for reduced forest cover by expanding the area defended, but investing less in defense of this area. This may have long-term implications for the acquisition of resources such as nest sites, and population dynamics of Collared Forest-Falcons in areas of reduced forest cover.
Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Plants

As a result of the inherent problems associated with the current anti-inflammatory agents, there is continuous search especially from natural sources for alternative agents. A good number of plants are employed in the treatment of inflammatory disorders by natural healers. Some of these plants include Aloe vera, Consolida regalis, Chasmanthera dependens, Culcasia scandens, Crataeva religiosa, Tanacetum vulgare, Holmskioldia sanguinea, Mitracarpus scaber, Turner ulmifolia , etc. Most of these plants have demonstrated varying activities in the various in vivo and in vitro inflammatory models. The potency of these plants is attributed to several active principles present in them, which may act at any of the multiple targets in the inflammatory response pathway. In addition to anti-inflammatory activity, some of these plants also possess beneficial properties such as antimicrobial, analgesic, antipyretic and antiulcer effects. These additional effects complement the inherent anti-inflammatory activity and may confer advantage on these plants. Some active anti-inflammatory principles of these plants have been identified, isolated and characterized. They include - lupeol, premnazole, (+) - usnic acid, (+) - pinitol, zanhasaponins A and B, sasanquol, parthenolide etc. These compounds could provide drugs with comparative advantage over existing agents and may as well serve as leads for further development into more active drugs with lesser adverse effects. This review discusses some of these plants with putative anti-inflammatory properties.
Allelochemicals and allelopathy of the root exudates of different resistant strawberry cultivars to replant disease

Three strawberry cultivars with different resistance to replant disease,‘Tutela’,‘All-star’ and ‘Toyonoka’,were used to study the differences on the species and contents of main phenolic acid in root exudates and the structures of rhizospheric microorganism after inoculation of F.oxysporum. Allelopathy of root exudates on the growth of different resistant strawberry cultivars and F.oxysporum were also studied,respectively.The results showed that the contents of p-hydroxybenzoic acid and benzoic acid in root exudates of ‘All-star’ were 0.062 4 and 0.017 3 mg/g DW,respectively,which was significantly higher than that of ‘Tudela’. The root height,root number and root fresh weight of ‘All-star’ were strongly inhibited at a higher concentration of root exudates with the value of allelopathic index more than 0.50,while ‘Tutela’ was not inhibited with an encouragement effect on the root growth at a lower concentration.The inhibit effect of ‘All-star’ root exudates was the weakest on the growth of F.oxysporum. There was a sharp decline on the population of bacterium and actinomycete with a significant increase on the population of fungi and F.oxysporum in rhizosphere of ‘All-star’ after inoculation,but in rhizosphere of ‘Tutela’,the population of bacterium,actinomycete,fungi and F.oxysporum all grew up significantly and the change rate was in the order of F.oxysporum,fungi,actinomycete,bacterium from high to low.The change tendency of rhizospheric microorganism of ‘Toyonoka’ was similar to that of ‘Tutela’ but with a smaller change rate.The microorganism structure in rhizosphere of the three cultivars had changed from bacterium-type to fungi-type,of which ‘All-star’ was the most obvious,followed by ‘Toyonoka’ and ‘Tutela’.
SIZE DIMORPHISM: A FACTOR IN ENERGY SAVINGS FOR BROAD-WINGED HAWKS

In this paper we demonstrate the relationship between size dimorphism and the energy requirements of nesting pairs of Broad-winged Hawks (Buteo platypterus) and present a model that predicts the total daily energy saved by a pair of nesting Broad-wings from the magnitude of their size dimorphism. The hypothesis tested was that the daily energy needs of a dimorphic pair of Broad-wings are reduced from that for a hypothetical monomorphic pair as a direct result of the male's smaller size. That is, as the male becomes smaller than the female the total energy requirements of the pair are reduced. In order to test this hypothesis, the specific objectives of this study were: (1) to determine the mean metabolic rate of captive male and female Broad-winged Hawks, (2) to estimate the daily energy requirements of free-ranging female Broad-wings during the nesting season from food habits data, and (3) to relate energy savings of nesting pairs of Broad-wings to size dimorphism.
Comparison between cuticular lipids on body parts of two honey bee subspecies

So far only a few studies have been conducted on the cuticular lipids of honey bees. Eggs and some body parts have been previously used in some chemical studies for certain purposes (e.g. the identification of egg marking pheromones and for investigating the role of hydrocarbons in nestmate recognition). In the present study, cuticular lipids of body parts (head, thorax and abdomen) were analyzed qualitatively by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry to identify the pattern of cuticular lipids on these parts for two main honey bee castes (workers and queens) and for two subspecies. The obtained results showed that the abdomen had the highest number of lipids in general and relatively minor differences between head and thorax lipids were found. Each subspecies had a specific lipid profile. Thus, the cuticular lipids could aid in the discrimination between honey bee subspecies. The conundrum behind the differences between body parts in lipid profiles may be related to the specific functions of each body part, and to role of lipids in protecting the body from desiccation.
Genetics, Molecular Biology, Evolution, Endocrinology, Embryology and Pathology of Sex Determination and Differentiation

s with a maximum length of 250 words should be provided for all Original Articles and Reviews, and with 100 words for Short Reports and Case Reports. Figures: Digital illustrations should be sharp with good contrast and color rendition. Resolution for all graphics should be at least 300 dots per inch. We request that all illustrations be in a common format such as . jpg (.jpeg .jpe), . tif (.tiff), . eps or . ppt. Tables must be in Word format. Please use Microsoft Word Table > Insert > Table commands from the menu bar to make tables. Literature cited: References should be quoted in the text as follows: single author: Jones (1999); two authors: Jones and Smith (2000); more than two authors: Jones et al. (2002). The reference list should be arranged alphabetically according to the first author’s surname. Examples of citations are as follows: (1) Jones A, Smith B: The sex determining gene of Tyranosaurus rex. J Ext Rept 7:1-5 (2002). (2) Jones A: Pathology of Sex Determination in Parrots (Fantasy Press, London 1999). (3) Smith B: Evolution of the Mullerian duct, in White M, Black N (eds): Sex Differentiation in Kangaroos (Outback Press, Sydney 2003). Papers published in electronic format exclusively should list authors, title and journal as above followed by the journal’s URL. Agreement between text citations and the reference list should be checked carefully, and the latter checked for accuracy. If many errors are found, the manuscript will be returned for corrections which may cause considerable delay in publication. Supplementary data may be submitted together with the manuscript, and will appear in their original form in the on-line version of the journal. The authors must refer to these data in their articles. Gene/protein nomenclature: Authors must use officially approved gene/protein designations and check out every single gene/protein name before placing them in their papers. Human gene symbols: Only official gene symbols of the International System for Genome Nomenclature (ISGN) are accepted. Authors must obtain or verify the official gene symbol of the gene(s) and indicate that they have done so in the submitted paper. This can be accomplished for human genes by contacting Dr. Sue Povey (HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee), Department of Biology, University College London, Wolfson House, 4 Stephenson Way, London, NW1 2HE (UK); Tel. +44 20 7679 7410; Fax +44 20 7387 3496; E-Mail nome@galton.ucl. uk; URL: www.gene. ucl. ac.uk/nomenclature/ Animal gene symbols: Authors submitting material on mouse and rat genetics should obtain correct genetic nomenclature before publication. Contact Lois Maltais, MGD Nomenclature Coordinator, The Jackson Laboratory, 600 Main Street, Bar Harbour, ME 04609 (USA); Tel. +1 207 288 6429; Fax +1 207 288 6132; E-Mail nomen@informatics.jax.org; MGD homepage: www.informatics.jax.org. Guidelines set forth by the International Committee on Standardized GeD ow nl oa de d by : 15 7. 55 . 3 9. 63 7 /2 2/ 20 16 6 :1 8: 08 A M
Seasonal Density Estimates of Tursiops truncatus (Bottlenose Dolphin) in the Mississippi Sound from 2011 to 2013

Abstract We conducted vessel-based line-transect sampling from December 2011 to November 2013 to quantify Tursiops truncatus (Bottlenose Dolphin) density over 8 consecutive seasons in the Mississippi Sound. Density estimates showed temporal variation ranging from 0.27 Dolphins/km2 (CV% = 31.3) in spring 2013 to 1.12 Dolphins/km2 (CV% = 21.6) in spring 2012. Density in winter and summer was stable compared to fall and spring, which fluctuated across years. We also noted spatial variation—density was commonly highest in the central and eastern portions of the Mississippi Sound. Spatial and temporal variation in temperature and salinity were potentially driving shifts in Bottlenose Dolphin density. Additional regularly collected density estimates using standardized protocols are needed in order to draw more definitive conclusions regarding the status and trend of this population.
Nutritional quality of okra as affected by tank silt and organic manures

To evaluate the efficiency of tank silt with organic manures, pot culture experiment was conducted at Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru College of Agriculture and Research Institute, Karaikal on Sorakudy soil series using okra as test crop with 13 treatments. Wherein, absolute control and application of 100% recommended dose of fertilizer (RDF) was compared with the application of tank silt (TS) alone @ 2 t ha-1 and different organic manures viz., press mud (PM), sewage sludge (SS), water hyacinth compost (WHC), FYM and spent wash (SW). The same set of treatments were repeated with 100% RDF. The results revealed that fruit yield was higher with TS+PM+ remaining through fertilizer (RTF) and it was comparable with RDF, TS+RTF, TS+SS+RDF and TS+PM+RDF. With regard to the quality of fruits, the chlorophyll and ascorbic acid content was higher in TS+WHC+RDF and TS+PM+RDF, respectively. The mucilage content was more with TS+SW+RDF. The absolute control treatment recorded the highest crude fibre content and physiological loss in weight (PLW). The study revealed that addition of this organo mineral amendments could positively influence the yield and quality of okra when applied over and above the 100% RDF rather than accounting their nutrient contribution during fertilization.
223 Muscular Dystrophies

Brenda L Banwell 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 Historical overview Descriptions of boy with progressive motor paralysis (now known as “Duchenne muscular dystrophy”) date back to reports by Dr. Charles Bell in 1830. Dr. Edward Meryon, in his book Practical and Pathological Researches on the Various Forms of Paralysis published in 1864, described the clinical and pathological findings in eight affected boys from three families. He was the first to recognize the maternal inheritance of this disorder. In his report he stated that “fibers were found to be completely destroyed, the sarcous element being diffused, and in many places converted into oil globules and granular matter, whilst the sarcolemma and tunic of the elementary fiber was broken down and destroyed. ” Over the next 100 years, genetic and phenotypically distinct forms of muscular dystrophy were recognized. In the late 1970s, genetic studies linked the Duchenne gene to chromosome Xp21, and the cDNA and protein product, dystrophin, were discovered in 1987. Many other genes encoding structural proteins associated with the sarcolemma, nuclear membrane proteins, and proteins involved in myofiber metabolism have now been sequenced and mutations ascribed to specific forms of dystrophy. The genes for other dystrophies have yet to be discovered. This chapter discusses the management of patients with muscular dystrophy and highlights issues pertinent to specific forms of dystrophy. Even with the best current management, the inexorable downhill progression of the dystrophic process cannot be arrested. The recent rapid advances in gene therapy, however, hold promise that the course of these diseases eventually may be mitigated. Epidemiology The incidence of several forms of muscular dystrophy is listed in Table 223.1. Some dystrophies show regional variability due to founder effects or the relative frequency of consanguineous marriages. The incidence of milder forms of dystrophy, mild variants of more severe dystrophies, and severe forms of dystrophy that result in death before diagnosis is likely underestimated.
Evaluation of Southeastern Coyote Diets During the Wild Turkey Reproductive Season

The role of coyotes (Canis latrans) as predators of wild turkeys (Mel- eagris gallopavo) remains unclear. We determined proportion of wild turkey and other prey species in coyote scats collected during the wild turkey reproductive and non-reproductive seasons from 4 study areas with wild turkey populations. Wild turkey constituted only a small portion (x = <4%) of coyote diet on all study areas. Wild turkey increased in coyote diet during the wild turkey reproductive season, but the differences were not significant. Wild turkeys have evolved in the presence of predators and possess adaptations for dealing with predation such as wariness, large clutch sizes, and roosting at night. Wild turkeys in quality habitat appear to maintain populations when sympatric with coyotes.
Protective rain shields alter leaf microclimate and photosynthesis in organic apple production

Plastic rain shields reduce the leaf and fruit wetness and protect apple trees against major leaf diseases and hail damage. Shielding the trees may reduce incoming radiation, especially in the ultraviolet (UV) region of the light spectrum, and affect the microclimate and photosynthesis. In July of 2014 and June of 2015, we measured the leaf microclimate and photosynthetic performance using chlorophyll fluorescence and gas exchange in the apple cultivar ‘Santana’ grown in three treatments. In one treatment the trees were exposed to natural light and sprayed (control), and in two treatments the trees were unsprayed and shielded with a plastic film not permeable to UV-light (UV-) or a plastic film permeable to UV-light (UV+). The light transmittance was reduced in the shielded treatments, protecting the leaves from high solar irradiance during noon on sunny days, and avoiding afternoon depression of photosynthesis. Due to this, the leaf photosynthetic rates were often higher in the protected trees in comparison to the control trees at similar high light intensities, whereas there were no differences between treatments on cloudy days. The effect of the UV+ film on photosynthesis did not differ from the UV- film, except there was a tendency for higher values accompanied with increased light transmittance of the UV+ film. We conclude that a microclimate with more diffused light maintained the photosynthetic yield, despite a lower light level under the rain shields.
Generation mean analysis of quantitative traits in restorer lines of rice (Oryza sativa L.).

Gene action and inheritance of quantitative traits associated with good out-pollination, agronomic and grain quality in restorer lines of rice was studied by generation mean analysis through six parameter model of Hayman. Eleven traits namely days to 50 per cent flowering, flag leaf area, plant height, number of panicles plant -1 , panicle length, number of filled grains panicle -1 , 100 seed weight, grain yield plant -1 , kernel length, kernel breadth and kernel length/breadth ratio were studied in five crosses viz., BCW 56 / C20 R, BCW 56 / 1005, C 20 R / DR 714-1-2R, C 20 R / 1005 and DR 714-1-2R / 1005. The A, B, C and D scales are significant and epistasis was noticed for all the characters in all the crosses except for plant height in cross BCW56/C20R, 100 seed weight in C20 R/DR 714-1-2 Rand kernel breadth in C 20 R / 1005. Grain yield plant-1recorded dominance variance in all the crosses. Hence, heterosis breeding can be exploited in all the crosses by crossing the parents with high yielding CMS sources for identifying heterotic combinations. Additive and non additive gene effects with duplicate type of epistasis was observed for yield and quality characters like plant height, number of panicles plant -1 , panicle length, number of filled grains panicle -1 , 100 seed weight, grain yield plant -1 , kernel length, kernel breadth and kernel L/B ratio in most of the crosses studied. Biparental mating, reciprocal recurrent selection and diallele selective mating systems could be exploited to obtain desirable recombinants having the characteristics of a restorer line with tallness, desirable flowering duration, reduced flag leaf area and more number of fertile spikelets. In crosses BCW 56 / C 20 R and BCW 56 / 1005 biparental mating followed by selection will be desirable to utilize both additive and non-additive gene action for number of filled grains panicle -1 and grain yield plant -1 . The fixable gene effects namely additive (d) and additive x additive (i) gene effects were highly significant for the traits days to 50 per cent flowering in BCW 56 x C 20 R and C 20 R /DR 714-1-2Rand 100 seed weight in crosses BCW 56 /C 20 R and C 20 R/ 1005 and offer scope for improvement through phenotypic selection based on pedigree method in segregating generations by isolating desirable lines for the important floral, yield and quality traits for use as male parents in hybridization programmes.