Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Lebbeus spongiaris, a new species of deep-water shrimp (Crustacea : Decapoda : Caridea : Hippolytidae) from Izu Islands, Japan

A new species of hippolytid shrimp, Lebbeus spongiaris, is described on the basis of two specimens (one male and one female) from off Izu-Oshima Island, Izu Islands, Japan, at depths of 257-264 m. The pair of specimens were found in an opened cavity of an unidentified sponge. The new species may represent the first example of commensalism with sponges in the genus Lebbeus. It appears close toL. microceras (Kr0yer),L. schrencki (Brashnikov), L. carinatus Zarenkov and L. comanthi Hayashi and Okuno. Differences between the new species and the other four close relatives are discussed.
Three‐Dimensional Modeling of Fine Sediment Transport by Waves and Currents in a Shallow Estuary

A suspended sediment transport model is implemented in the unstructured-grid SUNTANS model and applied to study ﬁne-grained sediment transport in South San Francisco Bay. The model enables calculation of suspension of bottom sediment based on combined forcing of tidal currents and wind waves. We show that accurate results can be obtained by employing two-size classes which are representative of microﬂocs and macroﬂocs in the Bay. A key ﬁnding of the paper is that the critical calibration parameter is the ratio of the erosion of the microﬂocs to macroﬂocs from the bed. Different values of this erosion ratio are needed on the shallow shoals and deeper channels because of the different nature of the sediment dynamics in these regions. Application of a spatially variable erosion ratio and critical shear stress for erosion is shown to accurately reproduce observed suspended sediment concentration at four-ﬁeld sites located along a cross-channel transect. The results reveal a stark contrast between the behavior of the suspended sediment concentration on the shoals and in the deep channel. Waves are shown to resuspend sediments on the shoals, although tidal and wind-generated currents are needed to mix the thin wave-driven suspensions into the water column. The contribution to the suspended sediment concentration in the channel by transport from the shoals
Capital structure decisions of shipbuilding companies : a study of determinants and adjustment speeds in the period 1997-2013

This thesis aims to investigate which factors are the major determinants of capital structure decisions for globally listed shipbuilding companies, and how quickly they adjust their capital structures when deviating from their target leverage ratios. Earlier academic articles have highlighted a number of firm specific factors that determine capital structures in other industries. This thesis gives special attention to the similarities between the merchant shipping industry researched by Drobetz et al. (2013) and the shipbuilding industry. We will use and apply determinants tested on the shipping industry to our sample of shipbuilders, but also add a set of new industry specific variables. To a large extent, unobserved company specific effects drive shipbuilders’ capital structure decisions. Using a range of multiple regression models we find size, asset risk, and the market to book ratio to be the most influential observable determinants of capital structure. Our results imply that shipbuilding companies do not follow one explicit capital structure theory, but a combination of the trade-off theory and the pecking order theory. The former theory dominates the firm level determinants, whereas the latter dominates with regards to the influence from the macroeconomic environment. Shipbuilders can be said to have relatively lower adjustment than deviation costs compared to other industries, as shipbuilders tend to adjust their capital structures significantly faster. The rate of adjustment is heavily dependent on macroeconomic cycles because the shipbuilders actively change their leverage ratios much slower in times of recession. This indicates that the adjustment costs increase during worsened economic conditions.
A Note on Vowel Harmony in Middle Korean

Various proposals for the vowel system in Middle Korean (henceforth MK) of the 15th century have been offered, and included in these are various explanations of vowel harmony. Some postulate forced vowel systems to obtain simple vowel harmony rules, and others vowel systems which would require a diacritic feature for vowel harmony. Many of proposed MK vowel systems have been posited on the basis of Altaic patterns. In this paper, the author proposes a vowel system which in itself is a natural one, and attempts to treat the process of vowel harmony without recourse to any diacritic feature. In setting up this vowel system the author has not been influenced by "altaic" preconceptions, but rather has considered the problem only in relation to Middle Korean.
Effect of salt stress on growth and antioxidant enzymes in two cultivars of maize (zea mays l.)

The effect of various concentrations of NaCl (50, 75, 100, 125, 150 mM ) was determined on the growth and biochemistry of two maize (Zea mays L.) cultivars (Pioneer X8F932 and DK -C61-42). Seed germination under salt stress conditions was more affected in cv. Pioneer X8F932 than cv. DK-C61-42. A significant reduction (p<0.05) in root and shoot growth was observed at 100, 125 and 150 mM salt concentrations in both the cultivars. Salt stress also caused a decrease in fresh weight of seedlings in a dose dependant manner (p˃0.05). Among the two cultivars DK-C61-42 showed better tolerance towards salt stress (tolerance index = 105.4 at 75 mM) compared to Pioneer X8F932 (tolerance index = 76 at 50 mM). Total soluble protein content increased in both the cultivars under salt stress in a dose dependant manner with maximum protein content at 150 mM (6.004 mg/g tissue in DK-C61-42 and 7.375 mg/g tissue in cv. Pioneer X8F932). In DK-C61-42 highest peroxidase activity was at 125 mM (0.017 mg/g tissue) while in Pioneer X8F932 highest peroxidase activity was at 50 mM (0.006 mg/g tissue). The difference in enzyme activity between control and salt treated seedlings was significant (p<0.05). The catalase activity decreased under salt stress conditions in case of DK-C61-42 while an increase in activity of the enzyme was observed in Pioneer X8F932 at high salt concentrations. Among the two cultivars DK-C61-42 was better adapted towards salinity stress.
The Politics of Education in Developing Countries: From Schooling to Learning

The issue of quality in education is still one of the key current debates within international education policy. There are comments that development education has a significant contribution to make to these debates. Skinner, Blum and Bourn (2013) suggested that greater collaboration between the field of development education and international education policy could facilitate the creation of an agenda that focuses on education quality and learning processes, as opposed to the current preoccupation with education access and outcomes.
Ameliorative Effect of Lycopene against Cardiac Toxicity Induced By Tilmicosin in Male Albino Rats

Original Research Article Tilmicosin is amacrolide antibiotic known to induce cardiotoxic effect when administered at large doses. The present study was carried out to investigate whether Lycopene (LYC) would ameliorate the acute cardiotoxic effect of tilmicosin antibiotic in treated rats. Fifty male albino rats were used throughout the experiment. They were divided equally into five groups, as follows: Group (1) (control), injected s/c with isotonic saline solution, Group (2) administrated 0.2 cm olive oil oral by stomach tube daily and kept also as control and scarified after 15 days. Group (3) administrated 10 mg / kg of lycopene dissolved in olive oil and given by stomach tube daily and scarified after 15 days Group (4) administrated 60 mg / kg of tilmicosin single subcutaneous dose and scarified after 5 days. Group (5) (Prophylactic group) administrated 10 mg / kg of lycopene for 15 days then 60 mg / kg tilmicosin s/c and scarified after 5 days. The effects of tilmicosin were evaluated with respect to alterations in serum, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), creatine kinase (CK) activities also measurement of total malondialdehyde (MDA), catalase activity (CAT) and glutathione content of the heart tissues and histopathological findings of the heart sections in tilmicosin-treated rats with or without Lycopene. On the other hand, pretreatment of rats with Lycopene revealed marked decrease in cardiac biochemical parameters toward the normal limits. It concluded that lycopene effectively combated oxidative damage and protected antioxidant defense status of the cell against tilmicosin cardiotoxicity.
Diltiazem Added to Local Anesthetic in Sonar Guided Coracoid Infraclavicular Brachial Plexus Block . Dose Sparing Effect

Background: This study was performed to evaluate the addition of diltiazem to local anesthetic during sonar guided infraclavicular brachial plexus block as regards to its intra and postoperative analgesic quality. Methods: In a randomized, prospective double blind study, 90 patients aged between 18-70 years with ASA Grade I and II, were randomly classified into 3 groups. Group I received 30 ml containing 14 ml 0.5% bupivacaine and 14 ml lidocaine 2% plus 2 ml saline and group II received same volume of local anesthetic and diltiazem 20mg in 2 ml saline. while group III received 30 ml containing 10 ml 0.5% bupivacaine , 10 ml lidocaine 2% and diltiazem 20mg in 10 ml saline. Onset of sensory and motor block , quality of the block , postoperative analgesia, and any complications of the procedure were recorded. Results: Onset of sensory and motor block was significantly shorter in group II compared to other groups. Quality of the block in the three groups was comparable. Significantly prolonged duration of sensory and motor block and prolonged duration of analgesia were present in group II compared to other groups. Time of first analgesic request was significantly longer in group II. Analgesic consumption was lower in group II. Hemodynamic changes and side effects were comparable. Conclusion: The addition of 20mg diltiazem to local anesthetic solution in sonar guided infraclavicular brachial plexus block hastened the onset of anesthesia and prolonged duration of postoperative analgesia without complications and can have a dose sparing effect on local anesthetics sufficient to produce adequate block.
Issues faced by Parents of Children with Cochlear Implant in Everyday Life

DOI: 10.21276/sjams.2018. 6.12. 27 Abstract: The current study is observational study was conducted on a total of 100 participants. The participants were parents (from either parents or both) of children with cochlear implant. The data was collected from subjects who had enrolled in different government schemes (MBSY, ADIP, RBSK) for receiving free of cost pre and post cochlear implant services. Two groups of Life Stress after CI & Depression after CI with Mean 1.92 & 2.23 & S.D 0.63 & 0.46 respectively among the response of the questionnaire 16 responses out of 28. The current study described parent’s everyday problems that are associated with raising children who undergo CI. So while planning intervention to children we need work upon the issues which parents of children with CI are going through and could at the same time empower parents to acquire specific competencies in efficiently solving problems and coping with various parenting demands.
Brand personality and its impact on brand trust and brand commitment: an empirical study of luxury fashion brands

ABSTRACT This study employed Aaker’s methodology to empirically investigate the personality of luxury fashion brands and explored the impact of brand personality on brand trust and brand commitment based on a sample of American consumers. Results of Study 1 revealed that American consumers perceive six distinct personality dimensions and 37 personality traits in luxury fashion brands. Study 2 validated the results from Study 1 and further clearly indicated that brand personality has a significant effect on both brand trust and brand commitment. The findings provide insights into the underlying values that consumers seek from luxury fashion consumption and lend a theoretical guidance to practitioners in the luxury fashion industry in their efforts to win customers’ brand commitment and loyalty.
Convection Enhances Magnetic Turbulence in AM CVn Accretion Disks

We present the results of local, vertically stratified, radiation magnetohydrodynamic shearing-box simulations of magnetorotational instability (MRI) turbulence for a (hydrogen poor) composition applicable to accretion disks in AM CVn type systems. Many of these accreting white dwarf systems are helium analogs of dwarf novae (DNe). We utilize frequency-integrated opacity and equation-of-state tables appropriate for this regime to accurately portray the relevant thermodynamics. We find bistability of thermal equilibria in the effective-temperature, surface-mass-density plane typically associated with disk instabilities. Along this equilibrium curve (i.e., the S-curve), we find that the stress to thermal pressure ratio α varied with peak values of ∼0.15 near the tip of the upper branch. Similar to DNe, we found enhancement of α near the tip of the upper branch caused by convection; this increase in α occurred despite our choice of zero net vertical magnetic flux. Two notable differences we find between DN and AM CVn accretion disk simulations are that AM CVn disks are capable of exhibiting persistent convection in outburst, and ideal MHD is valid throughout quiescence for AM CVns. In contrast, DNe simulations only show intermittent convection, and nonideal MHD effects are likely important in quiescence. By combining our previous work with these new results, we also find that convective enhancement of the MRI is anticorrelated with mean molecular weight.
Holocene palaeoseismologic record of earthquakes on the Zemuhe fault on the southeastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau

SUMMARY Historical and instrumental records of large earthquakes within the southeastern region of the Tibetan Plateau appeared to show an irregular and complex behaviour in the seismic activity over a relatively short-time period. However, whether this kind of earthquake behaviour can be extrapolated over long-time periods is not well addressed. Herein, we present about an 8000yr earthquake record using palaeoseismological techniques from the Zemuhe fault (ZMHF) to assess the earthquake behaviour and show the complexity of faulting within the region of the Tibetan Plateau. The ZMHF along with the Anninghe (ANHF) and Xiaojiang (XJF) faults, form the N–S-striking active fault zone at the tectonic boundary of the southeastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau. In the historical record, a large earthquake occurred in 1850 AD at M 7.5 along the ZMHF, with a coseismic left-lateral displacement of 3.6–4.8 m along the Daqingliangzi section where we excavated several trenches in a small triangular-shaped sag pond. We analyse the depositional sequences and deformation evidence in the trenches to recreate the sequence of earthquakes that occurred from the early Holocene until the present. From trenching and 14 C ages, five palaeoseismic events are identified and named Z through V from youngest to oldest at 1370 AD–present, 690–940 AD, 5900–1400 BC, 6590–6350 BC and 7380–7110 BC. We associate two young events Y and Z with the historical records of 814 AD M 7 and 1850 AD M 7.5, respectively. Moreover, integrated palaeoearthquake results on ages of one event occurred slightly younger than 1700–1100 BC and 1540–1270 BC from previous palaeoseismic studies, we further constrain the age of event X at 1700–1400 BC. The average recurrence interval of earthquakes at the Daqingliangzi section on the ZMHF is about 2300yr. The recurrence interval of palaeoseismic events during the early Holocene and late Holocene is shorter than that of the middle-Holocene. The interval between event V and W is 1030–520yr, 2514–2214yr between X and Y and 1036yr between Y and Z; however, the recurrence interval between W and X is much longer at 5190–4650yr. Holocene surface-faulting events along the ZMHF appear to be unevenly spaced in time. The irregular recurrence intervals of earthquakes on the ZMHF might be related to complexity of fault interactions in the left-lateral fault system located along the eastern and northern boundaries of the Sichuan-Yunnan block and may indicate regional irregularities of large earthquakes within the southeastern region of the Tibetan Plateau.
In vitro Degradability, Gas Production, and Energy Value of Different Hybrids of Sorghum after Storage in Mini-Silos

Abstract This experiment compared silages obtained from 3 hybrids of sorghum grown on 2 farms of the Po Valley (one irrigated and one not), in terms of in vitro degradability, gas production (GP), and energy value. Hybrids (forage, sweet or grain genotypes) were sown in experimental plots (3 plots × 3 hybrids), harvested at late-milk stage of maturity, and ensiled into mini-silos (3 silos × 3 hybrids) for 60 d. After ensiling, silages were analyzed for composition and fermentation profile. Two incubations (at 48 h) were carried out to measure NDF degradability (NDFd), GP, and the metabolizable energy (ME) content of silages. Data of silage composition were submitted to ANOVA, considering farm (F), hybrid (H), and F × H interaction as variation sources. Incubation (run) was also considered as a fixed effect in the statistical model for the parameters obtained by in vitro incubation (NDFd, GP, and energy content). On the irrigated farm (Farm 2), the DM contents of silages were higher than those of the non-irrigated one (P<0.001) and the fermentation profile was more favorable. Values of GP at 24 and 48 h and ME content were higher (P<0.05) for silages of Farm 2 in comparison with Farm 1. Within hybrids, the grain sorghum revealed the greatest DM content whereas the forage sorghum, as expected, was the richest in fibrous fraction content, followed by the sweet and grain genotypes (P<0.001). Consequently, values of GP were significantly (P<0.01) influenced by hybrid (167, 200, 215 ml/g DM and 229, 257, 267 ml/g DM for forage, sweet and grain genotypes after 24 and 48 h of incubation, respectively). The F × H interaction was significant for all considered parameters excluding DM, lignin, ash, pH, and in vitro parameters. On the two farms, in general, forage and grain genotypes were largely different, whereas the sweet sorghum was quite similar to the forage in one case or grain in the other. Results of this experiment highlight the large variability of the nutritional values of sorghum hybrids grown in different conditions.
Time-Series Prediction of the Oscillatory Phase of EEG Signals Using the Least Mean Square Algorithm-Based AR Model

Neural oscillations are vital for the functioning of a central nervous system because they assist in brain communication across a huge network of neurons. Alpha frequency oscillations are believed to depict idling or inhibition of task-irrelevant cortical activities. However, recent studies on alpha oscillations (particularly alpha phase) hypothesize that they have an active and direct role in the mechanisms of attention and working memory. To understand the role of alpha oscillations in several cognitive processes, accurate estimations of phase, amplitude, and frequency are required. Herein, we propose an approach for time-series forward prediction by comparing an autoregressive (AR) model and an adaptive method (least mean square (LMS)-based AR model). This study tested both methods for two prediction lengths of data. Our results indicate that for shorter data segments (prediction of 128 ms), the AR model outperforms the LMS-based AR model, while for longer prediction lengths (256 ms), the LMS- based AR model surpasses the AR model. LMS with low computational cost can aid in electroencephalography (EEG) phase prediction (alpha oscillations) in basic research to reveal the functional role of the oscillatory phase as well as for applications for brain-computer interfaces.
eview rom perception to memory : Changes in memory systems across the lifespan

Human memory is not a unitary entity; rather it is thought to arise out of a complex architecture involving interactions between distinct representational systems that specialize in perceptual, semantic, and episodic representations. Neuropsychological and neuroimaging evidence are combined in support of models of memory systems, however most models only capture a ‘mature’ state of human memory and there is little attempt to incorporate evidence of the contribution of developmental and senescence changes in various processes involved in memory across the lifespan. Here we review behavioral and emantic memory ognitive development ognitive aging euroimaging edial temporal lobe TL neuroimaging evidence for changes in memory functioning across the lifespan and propose specific principles that may be used to extend models of human memory across the lifespan. In contrast to a simplistic reduced version of the adult model, we suggest that the architecture and dynamics of memory systems become gradually differentiated during development and that a dynamic shift toward favoring semantic memory occurs during aging. Characterizing transformations in memory systems across the lifespan can illustrate and inform us about the plasticity of human memory systems. refrontal cortex © 2013 Published by Elsevier Ltd.
Unclassified ENV / WKP ( 2014 ) 14

3 RÉSUMÉ . 4 INTRODUCTION . 6 LITERATURE REVIEW . 9 DESCRIPTION OF SOCIO-ECONOMIC AND ATTITUDINAL VARIABLES USED IN THE ANALYSIS . 13 EMPIRICAL RESULTS . 15 1 Factors affecting waste generation . 16 2 Factors affecting waste separation . 18 3 Factors affecting waste prevention . 22 4. Factors affecting the disposal of waste containing hazardous materials . 29 POLICY IMPLICATIONS . 30 REFERENCES . 32 ANNEX 1: VARIABLE DESCRIPTIONS . 36 ANNEX 2: RECYCLING SERVICE AVAILABILITY AND USE OF PAY-AS-YOU-THROW WASTE CHARGES, POPULATION DISTRIBUTIONS . 38 ANNEX 3: WASTE SEPARATION FREQUENCY BY COUNTRY (IN PERCENTAGES) . 39 ANNEX 4: MIXED WASTE: COLLECTION FREQUENCY BY COUNTRY (IN PERCENTAGES) . 40 ANNEX 5: DATA SOURCES AND LIMITATIONS . 41 Tables Table 1. MSW generation around the world . 7 Table 2. Summary of the results in previous studies in developed countries. 11 Table 3. Factors affecting the reported mixed waste volume generated for disposal (OLS) . 17 Table 4. Participation in separation of waste – Probit (marginal effects) . 19 Table 5. Intensity of Waste Separation for recyclable materials OLS . 22 Table 6. Factors influencing the use of the recycling logo in the purchasing decision – Probit (marginal effects) . 23 Table 7. Factors influencing the decision to compost food waste Probit (marginal effects) . 24 Table 8. Factors influencing the use of reusable shopping bags – Probit (marginal effects) . 25 Table 9. Factors influencing the choice of food items with less packaging – Probit (marginal effects) . 27 Table 10. Summary of factors predicting waste prevention behaviours . 28 Table 11. Factors predicting improper disposal of waste containing hazardous materials – Probit (marginal effects) . 29