Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Processing of the Ti25Ta25Nb3Sn Experimental Alloy Using ECAP Process for Biomedical Applications

The development of titanium-β alloys for biomedical applications is associated with the addition of alloying elements or the use of processing techniques to obtain suitable bulk properties. The Ti25Ta25Nb3Sn alloy has been highlighted for its mechanical properties and biocompatibility. To further enhance the properties of titanium alloys for biomedical applications, equal channel angular pressing (ECAP) was used due to its capability of refining the microstructure of the alloy, leading to improved mechanical properties without significant changes in Young’s modulus. This study aims to evaluate the impact of ECAP on the microstructure of the Ti-25Sn-25Nb-3Nb alloy and investigate the correlation between the microstructure, mechanical properties, and corrosive behavior. Grain refinement was achieved after four ECAP passes, with an average grain diameter of 395 nm and a non-homogeneous structure, and microhardness was slightly increased from 193 to 212 HV after four ECAP passes. The thermomechanical aspects of the ECAP processing have led to the formation of a metastable α″ phase during the first two passes, while after four passes, the structure was composed only of the β phase. The corrosion resistance of the alloy was increased after four passes, presenting the best results in terms of the improvement of passivation corrosion density.
Educational Supervisors' Strategies in Improving ECCE Principals' Managerial Competence in the Digital Era: A Case Study

This study investigates the strategies educational supervisors employ to enhance the managerial competence of Early Childhood Care and Education (ECCE) principals in the digital era. A qualitative case study was conducted in Bandung City, with 7 educational supervisors as informants. Data were gathered through semi-structured interviews, observations, and document analysis, and thematically analyzed to discern patterns in strategy use, strategy evaluation, and challenges in the digital era. Key findings reveal supervisors' strategies are diverse and situational, including regular training, mentoring, coaching, collaborations, and supervision, all adapted to the digital context. Success is evaluated through data-driven indicators and evaluation processes, highlighting the role of monitoring, needs identification, socialization, and communication. Challenges faced include motivational deficits, resistance to change, and resource constraints. This research contributes to a deeper understanding of supervisory strategies in the digital era, emphasizing the importance of adaptable, context-sensitive approaches in enhancing ECCE principals' managerial competence. It underscores the role of digital fluency in leadership development and offers insights into effective strategies and prevalent challenges within early childhood education.
Classifying Indonesian Cyber Crime Cases under ITE Law Using a Hybrid of Mutual Information and Support Vector Machine

In Indonesia, the process of identifying and categorizing cyberlaw infringements traditionally involves manual procedures administered by experts, lawyers, or law enforcement personnel. This study introduces a method to enhance the analysis and processing of case chronological data through the application of text mining. Using the Support Vector Machine for classification, alongside feature extraction both with and without Mutual Information, the study aims to automate the classification of cybercrime cases. The preprocessing phase encompasses text cleaning, case folding, stop word removal, stemming, and tokenization and weighting with TF-IDF. The model achieved an accuracy rate of 95.45% during evaluation and 91.42% when tested on 35 data points with 1500 selected features. This performance surpasses the classification accuracy obtained in previous research.
The Effect of Calcium Ions on hIAPP Channel Activity: Possible Implications in T2DM

The calcium ion (Ca2+) has been linked to type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), although the role of Ca2+ in this disorder is the subject of intense investigation. Serum Ca2+ dyshomeostasis is associated with the development of insulin resistance, reduced insulin sensitivity, and impaired glucose tolerance. However, the molecular mechanisms involving Ca2+ ions in pancreatic β-cell loss and subsequently in T2DM remain poorly understood. Implicated in the decline in β-cell functions are aggregates of human islet amyloid polypeptide (hIAPP), a small peptide secreted by β-cells that shows a strong tendency to self-aggregate into β-sheet-rich aggregates that evolve toward the formation of amyloid deposits and mature fibrils. The soluble oligomers of hIAPP can permeabilize the cell membrane by interacting with bilayer lipids. Our study aimed to evaluate the effect of Ca2+ on the ability of the peptide to incorporate and form ion channels in zwitterionic planar lipid membranes (PLMs) composed of palmitoyl-oleoyl-phosphatidylcholine (POPC) and on the aggregation process of hIAPP molecules in solution. Our results may help to clarify the link between Ca2+ ions, hIAPP peptide, and consequently the pathophysiology of T2DM.
Brownian Aging as One of the Mechanistic Components That Shape the Single-Channel Ionic Currents through Biological and Synthetic Membranes

Semipermeable membranes enable the separation of a given system from its environment. In biological terms, they are responsible for cells’ identity. In turn, the functioning of ion channels is crucial for the control of ionic fluxes across the membranes and, consequently, for the exchange of chemical and electrical signals. This paper presents a model and simulations of currents through ionic nanochannels in an attempt to better understand the physical mechanism(s) of open/closed (O/C) sequences, i.e., random interruptions of ionic flows through channels observed in all known biochannels and in some synthetic nanopores. We investigate whether aging, i.e., the changes in Brownian motion characteristics with the lapse of time, may be at least one of the sources of the O/C sequences (in addition to the gating machinery in biochannels). The simulations based on the approximated nanostructure of ion channels confirm this postulation. The results also show the possibility of changing the O/C characteristics through an appropriate alteration of the channel surroundings. This observation may be valuable in technical uses of nanochannels in synthetic membranes and allow for a better understanding of the reason for the differences between the biochannels’ activity in diverse biological membranes. Proposals of experimental verification of this aging O/C hypothesis are also presented.
A search for evidence of secondary static stress triggering during the 1992 Mw7.3 Landers, California, earthquake sequence

Secondary triggering of aftershocks is widely observed and often ascribed to secondary static stress transfer. However, small to moderate earthquakes are generally disregarded in estimates of Coulomb stress changes (ΔCFS), either because of source parameter uncertainties or a perceived lack of importance. We use recently published high‐quality focal mechanisms and hypocenters to reassess the role of small to moderate earthquakes for static stress triggering of aftershocks during the 1992 Mw7.3 Landers, California, earthquake sequence. We compare the ΔCFS imparted by aftershocks (2≤M≤6) onto subsequent aftershocks with the total ΔCFS induced by the M>6 main shocks. We find that incremental stress changes between aftershock pairs are potentially more often positive than expected over intermediate distances. Cumulative aftershock stress changes are not reliable for receivers with nearby aftershock stress sources because we exclude unrealistic aftershock stress shadows that result from uniform slip models. Nonetheless, 27% of aftershocks receive greater positive stress from aftershocks than from the main shocks. Overall, 85% of aftershocks are encouraged by the main shocks, while adding secondary stress encourages only 79%. We infer that source parameter uncertainties of small aftershocks remain too large to convincingly demonstrate (or rule out) that secondary stress transfer induces aftershocks. An important exception concerns aftershocks in main shock stress shadows: well‐resolved secondary stress from detected aftershocks rarely compensates negative main shock stress; these aftershocks require a different triggering mechanism.
Subtitles in VR 360° video. Results from an eye-tracking experiment

Virtual and Augmented Reality, collectively known as eXtended Reality, are key technologies for the next generation of human – computer – human interaction. In this context, 360° videos are becoming ubiquitous and especially suitable for providing immersive experiences thanks to the proliferation of a ﬀ ordable devices. This new medium has an untapped potential for the inclusion of modern subtitles to foster media content accessibility (Gejrot et al., 2021), e.g., for the deaf or hard-of-hearing people, and to also promote cultural inclusivity via language translation (Orero, 2022). Prior research on the presentation of subtitles in 360° videos relied on subjective methods and involved a small number of participants (Brown et al., 2018; Agulló, 2019; Oncins et al., 2020), leading to inconclusive results. The aim of this paper is to compare two conditions of subtitles in 360° videos: position (head-locked vs ﬁ xed) and colour (monochrome vs colour). Empirical analysis relies on novel triangulation of data from three complementary methods: psycho-physiological attentional process measures (eye movements), performance measures (media content comprehension), and subjective task-load and preferences (self-report measures). Results show that head-locked coloured subtitles are the preferred option.
Perceptions of mental health services among the children who are in conflict with the law in Jammu and Kashmir

Abstract Abstract Background: Due to the Jammu and Kashmir conflict, many teenagers are involved in disputes with the law. The conflict made generations suffer for decades. Such children made the mobs; being involved in life-threatening situations and the risk they confront develop psychiatric disorders. As a result of the various tense conditions when applied in multiple anti-social activities, aberrant children sent to correctional homes have to encounter numerous psychological disorders. Aim: The motive of the study is to explore the level of awareness, availability of services, stigma and obstacles to seeking assistance. Method: Due to the open-ended interview questions and a small sample size of 15 respondents, this study employed a qualitative methodology – a thematic analysis was done. Results: The findings revealed that, although the stigma is not publicly acknowledged, children who break the law and seek mental health services (MHS) are stigmatised. It was also shown that minor offenders fear that when they receive services provided by the staff of the observation home (OH), there will be a violation of their privacy and fear unforeseen repercussions. Conclusion: Collaborative action must proactively raise appropriate awareness to lessen the stigma linked with mental health problems, especially regarding MHS among these teenagers.
Biomass and diversity of epiphytic liverworts along environmental gradients in a cloud forest in Mexico

ABSTRACT Introduction Bryophytes can reach levels of coverage sufficient to influence key ecological processes; for example, their water retention capacity can supply an appreciable amount of humidity to forest ecosystems. The variation in biomass and diversity of epiphytic liverwort species in a Mexican cloud forest (CF) in the state of Hidalgo was estimated along elevation and latitude gradients, as was the relationship between epiphytic liverwort structural attributes and environmental factors. Methods Liverwort species were sampled in three municipalities with CF in Hidalgo State, at elevations of 1345–2019 m. In each municipality, two 0.1 ha plots were located at the two extremes of the gradient. For each of 10 trees per plot, three 10 × 10 cm areas of bark were selected as microplots, and from each microplot, samples of liverwort were obtained to determine structural data for the liverworts. Key results Species diversity was highest at the upper elevation level (1985–2001 m), and lowest at the lower elevation level (1345–1375 m). The highest dry and saturated weight values (15.20 g and 83.30 g, respectively) were found at lower elevations, and the lowest (11.78 g and 60.04 g, respectively) at high elevations. Conclusion Species diversity was positively related to elevation gradient, and species biomass decreased gradually with elevation. Beta diversity values were not associated with geographical distance between sites. Local factors, such as light input, available area, phorophyte species, humidity and temperature, may have more influence on the growth of epiphytic liverworts than elevation or geographical distance.
Assess the Association Between Periodontitis and Maxillary Sinusitis: A Cross-Sectional Cone-Beam Computerized Tomography (CBCT) Study

Background/purpose Periodontal pathologies which are considered odontogenic in origin can be a major cause of maxillary sinusitis, along with other dental and non-dental causes. The aim of this study is to define and assess the relationship between periodontitis and maxillary sinusitis. Material and methods A total of 415 CBCT datasets of periodontitis patients were cross-sectionally evaluated. Alveolar bone loss and maxillary sinus mucosal thickening were measured in coronal and sagittal sections, these two variables represent the severity of periodontitis and maxillary sinusitis, respectively. Results This study found that mucosal thickening was significantly higher in patients with increased alveolar bone loss severity (P=0.03). Mucosal thickening was significantly higher among males (83.5%) than among females (69.8%) (P=0.001). moderate or severe alveolar bone loss had a significantly higher risk of mucosal thickening with an odds ratio of 1.8 when compared to those with mild alveolar bone loss (95% CI: 1.04-3.2). Males had an increased risk of mucosal thickening compared to females with an odds ratio of 2.2 (95% C.I.: 1.4-3.6). Conclusion In conclusion, periodontal structure can affect maxillary sinus and its health. Therefore, after confirming a diagnosis of maxillary sinusitis, a detailed examination of periodontal health is needed. These results can be used to increase the awareness of dental students and practitioners in clinical and diagnostical judgement.
Agility and resilience : the adaptive capacity of Friends of the Earth International and Greenpeace

As environmental issues, politics and economic activity have become increasingly global in character, transnational social movement organizations (TSMOs) have emerged to exert their influence on decision-making across scales and to catalyze social change towards a sustainable future. The underlying assumption of this dissertation is that TSMOs face complex and dynamic internal and external pressures, which test their organizational viability over time. In order to maintain their viability, TSMOs have to build adaptive capacity, the ability to repeatedly and reliably develop strategic responses to change. I challenge the emerging consensus in the social movement and organizational literatures that a decentralized and informal structure provides an adaptive advantage for TSMOs. Instead, I propose that different structural configurations can result in distinct and equally viable approaches to building adaptive capacity. I focus on two TSMOs, Friends of the Earth International (FoEI) and Greenpeace. Whereas FoEI has a decentralized and informal structure, Greenpeace has a relatively more centralized and formalized structure. However, FoEI and Greenpeace both exhibit organizational viability based on evidence including their income level and membership. Therefore, I assume that FoEI and Greenpeace have built adaptive capacity, which can be analyzed by exploring their typical strategic responses to four key organizational challenges: 1) tactical innovation, the challenge of creatively adjusting tactics to disrupt the status quo; 2) managing external relations, the challenge of partnering with other actors or remaining independent; 3) organizational maintenance, the challenge of securing resources in order to survive; and 4) managing internal relations, the challenge of resolving internal conflict. FoEI, as a 'global grassroots movement,' continuously expands its tactical repertoire; develops collaborative partnerships; depends on a mass voluntary base; and resolves conflict through participatory dialogue; which I label the Agility Model of building adaptive capacity. In contrast, Greenpeace, as a 'global campaigning organization,' specializes in high profile, nonviolent, direct action tactics; predominately operates independently; secures financial support; and resolves conflict through managing for coherence; which I label the Resilience Model. I analyze these models, and conclude that FoEI and Greenpeace are hybrid systems and that other unique adaptive capacity models at the organizational and movement levels are possible.
Distributions and origins of clay minerals and quartz in surface sediments of the Arabian Sea

ABSTRACT Mineral distributions in surface sediments of the Arabian Sea (north of 5°N) reflect several sedimentary origins and processes. Smectite- and quartz-rich sediments occurring along the Indian margin have been derived from the western regions of peninsular India. In the northern- and western-most areas of the Arabian Sea, sediments probably have been derived from several sources: Indus River, Iran-Makran region, Arabian peninsula, and Somalia; these different sediment sources appear to have characteristically high amounts of quartz, illite, chlorite, or palygorskite. In addition, smectite becomes a significant component in the sediments off Somalia (Horn of Africa). The sediments derived from the peninsular India and Indus River may have been dispersed by prevailing surface oceanic irculation in the region. Sediments from other sources probably have been transported by wind. The sediments of the distal Indus Fan appear to be a mixture of sediments derived from the Indus River, Iran-Makran, and Arabia-Somalia regions. Palygorskite clays from the arid regions of Arabia-Somalia appear to have been transported by winds eastward to as far as the Indian continental margin. In the southernmost region of study, relatively high kaolinite, derived from the tropical soils of Africa, Madagascar, and southern India characterize the sediments.
Enhancing Contact Stability in Admittance-Type Haptic Interaction Using Bidirectional Time-Domain Passivity Control

The present paper proposes a novel strategy to enhance admittance-type haptic interaction using bidirectional time-domain passivity control. While admittance-type haptic interaction is widely employed in human-robot collaboration, its ability to render low virtual inertia can be limited, leading to unstable interactions with rigid environments. The proposed strategy seeks to stabilize a lower range of virtual inertia while maintaining responsive behavior in free space. The Franka Emika Collaborative robot was utilized in various experiments to test the approach, and the results indicate that the bidirectional time-domain passivity controller can improve interaction performance relative to the conventional unidirectional time-domain passivity approach. This technique may aid in reducing operator fatigue during the manipulation of heavy, non-back drivable industrial robots while preserving a lightweight feel.
A Reactive Voltage Compensation-Based Control Scheme to Extend Speed Range in Five Phase Open-End Winding Induction Motor Drives

A reactive voltage compensation based control scheme for extending the speed range in dual inverter-fed five phase induction motor drives with open-end stator windings is proposed in this paper. In the dual inverter-fed five phase drive topology used to implement the proposed control scheme, one inverter is powered from a DC source while a charged capacitor acts as the DC-link of the other inverter. Since the control scheme is developed by considering the motor current vector as the reference, the motor voltage can be resolved into its active and reactive components. The capacitor-fed inverter is controlled in such a way that it compensates the increasing reactive voltage drop inside the motor as the speed increases, thereby extending the constant power speed region of the drive. The scheme also ensures that the voltage across the capacitor is maintained at the required level, under all operating conditions of the drive. This feature also safeguards the capacitor against overcharging. In addition, the auxiliary plane harmonics generated by both inverters are nullified in an average sense, in a switching period. The proposed control scheme is substantially simpler compared to the existing schemes, due to the unified PWM scheme and reduction in PI controllers. The experimental validation of the proposed scheme is carried out on an open-end winding induction motor under transient as well as steady state operating conditions. TMS320F28335 DSP based digital controller is used for implementation of the control algorithm.
New oscillation criteria for second-order delay dynamic equations with a sub-linear negative neutral term on time scales

In this paper, some sufﬁcient conditions for the oscillation of all solutions of second order dynamic equations with a negative sub-linear neutral term are established. The obtained results provide a uniﬁed platform that adequately covers both discrete and continuous equations. Furthermore, it covers a wide range of equations by utilizing different time scales. Illustrative examples are provided.
Effects of Biochar Recycling on Switchgrass Growth and Soil and Water Quality in Bioenergy Production Systems

Effects of Biochar Recycling on Switchgrass Growth and Soil and Water Quality in Bioenergy Production Systems. (May 2011) Derek Howard Husmoen, B.S., University of Wisconsin – River Falls Co-Chairs of Advisory Committee: Dr. Donald M. Vietor Dr. Tony L. Provin Intensive biomass production in emerging bioenergy systems could increase nonpoint-source sediment and nutrient losses and impair surface and groundwater quality. Recycling biochar, a charcoal byproduct from pyrolysis of biomass, provides potential sources of mineral nutrients and organic carbon for sustaining biomass productivity and preserving soil and water. Yet, research is needed to verify that recycling of pyrolysis biochars will enhance crop growth and soil and environmental quality similar to black carbon or biochar derived from burning of biomass in tropical or Terra Preta soils. The experimental design of this study consisted of 3 replications and four biochar rates (0, 4, 16, and 64 Mg ha) incorporated in both a sandy loam and clay soil with and without fertilizer sources of N, P, and K. The sandy loam and clay soils were studied in separate experiments within a set of 24 box lysimeters seeded with switchgrass. Simulated rain was applied at 50% and 100% establishment of switchgrass for each soil type. Runoff and leachate were collected and analyzed for total and dissolved N, P, K and organic C. After the second rain event, each soil type and the accumulated switchgrass was sampled and analyzed.