Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Distinct Exosomal miRNA Profiles from BALF and Lung Tissue of COPD and IPF Patients

Background: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) and Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (IPF) are chronic, progressive lung ailments which are characterized by distinct pathologies. Early detection biomarkers and disease mechanisms for these debilitating diseases are lacking. Exosomes are small extracellular vesicles attributed to carry proteins, mRNA, miRNA and sncRNA to facilitate cell-to-cell communication under normal and diseased conditions. Exosomal miRNAs have been studied in relation to many diseases. However, there is little to no knowledge regarding the miRNA population of BALF or the lung tissue derived exosomes in COPD and IPF. Here, we determined and compared the miRNA profiles of BALF and lung tissue-derived exosomes from healthy non-smokers, healthy smokers, and patients with COPD and IPF in independent cohorts. Results: Exosome characterization using NanoSight particle tracking and TEM demonstrated that the BALF-derived exosomes were approximately 89.85 nm in size and ~2.95 X 1010 particles/mL. Lung-derived exosomes were ~146.04 nm in size and ~2.38 X 1011 particles/mL. NGS results identified three differentially expressed miRNAs in the BALF, while one in the lung-derived exosomes from COPD patients as compared to healthy non-smokers. Of these, three- and five-fold downregulation of miR-122-5p amongst the lung tissue-derived exosomes from COPD patients as compared to healthy non-smokers and smokers, respectively. Interestingly, there were key 55 differentially expressed miRNAs in the lung tissue-derived exosomes of IPF patients compared to non-smoking controls. Conclusions: Overall, we identified specific miRNAs to develop as biomarkers or targets for pathogenesis of these chronic lung diseases.
Resource allocation for energy efficiency optimization in uplink–downlink decoupled 5G heterogeneous networks

Heterogeneous networks (HetNets) are a practical solution for traffic offloading from a high powered base station (HBS) to a low powered base station (LBS). In the HetNets, uplink (UL)–downlink (DL) decoupled access (UDDa) strategy is an optimal solution that ensures cell association, independently, in the UL and DL. This strategy offloads HBS cell edge mobile device (MD) to the nearby LBS in the UL. However, energy‐efficient cell association for traffic offloading from HBS to LBS, relay, or device to device (D2D) in the UL employing UDDa strategy has not been explored in the past work. We formulate mathematical models which ensure energy‐efficient cell association, power allocation, and traffic offloading employing traditional UL‐DL coupled access (UDCa) and UDDa strategies in the HetNets. The formulated problems are concave fractional programming (CFP) problems. The CFP is changed to a concave optimization problem using Charnes–Cooper transformation (CCT). The transformed problems are solved using an outer approximation algorithm to obtain ϵ=10−3 optimal solution. Simulation results show the effectiveness of UDDa strategy over UDCa strategy in terms of MDs association, traffic offloading in the UL and DL, interference mitigation in the UL, data rate, and energy efficiency in the HetNets.
Quantitative analysis of different LED lamp configurations in indoor VLC system

In this article, an indoor environment of 5 × 5 × 3 m3 dimensions is considered and a total of nine LED lamps are installed at the ceiling in a symmetrical pattern. The inter‐spatial separation between LED lamps is varied to achieve the dual purpose of lighting and communication services. The multipath channel impulse response for distinct receiver locations is also calculated under line‐of‐sight (LOS) and non‐line‐of‐sight (NLOS) channel conditions. Several performance parameters, that is, illumination uniformity, received power fluctuations, root‐mean‐delay spread (RMDS), are evaluated to estimate the performance of the proposed system. The results show that spatial separation of 1.5 m between the LED lamps outperforms the other considered spatial separations, and the error‐free data transmission rate for the proposed system comes out to be about 40 Mbps across the entire receiver plane. Furthermore, an RGB image is transmitted at 40 Mbps and the received image quality is estimated in terms of image quality parameter, that is, structure similarity index (SSIM) over the receiver plane. The results outlined that the received image shows 100% similarity with the transmitted image, and thus, the proposed system can be effectively deployed in practical indoor environments.
Vulnerable road user safety: A systematic review and mesh‐networking based vehicle ad hoc system using hybrid of neuro‐fuzzy and genetic algorithms

Intelligent Transport System (ITS) involves a number of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) interventions for efficient road safety management. Over the last few decades, there has been a significant increase in the safety of Vulnerable Road Users (VRU's). This study aims to identify the most frequent, regularly occurring causes of road accidents and outline actions that can be used as a baseline for improving road traffic safety. The main contributions in this paper include the following: a graphical investigation for finding out the overall rate of road accidents (injuries and deaths) in India. Based on graphical analysis, major loopholes responsible for road accidents in India are summed up. This paper discusses various issues faced by already available pedestrian and vehicular safety techniques. After analysis of the available techniques and their related case studies in a systematic way, it is observed that they are not able to overcome the loopholes (Collision Occurrence, Traffic Congestion, Pedestrian Crossing alert, Red Light violation, and Non‐Propagation of Distress Signal) present in the current “Road Transport Management (RTM) System” of India. Finally, after deep analysis of already available techniques, a futuristic approach “Mesh‐Networking based Vehicle Ad‐Hoc System (MN‐VAS) using hybrid of Neuro‐Fuzzy and Genetic Algorithm based Load Balancing on Node” is proposed for the safety of VRU's. This hybrid approach has been discussed with domain experts for practical input, and we concluded that this might be a good option for better RTM System in India.
A two‐level clustering mechanism for energy enhancement in Internet‐of‐Things‐based wireless sensor networks

Wireless sensors are considered the key elements in enabling efficient Internet of Things (IoT) networking and services. One of the key objectives in designing a WSN is increasing network lifetime by reducing the overall network energy consumption. To achieve this, several techniques have been proposed to extend the network lifetime, such as clustering. Clustering divides the network into several clusters, each with its own member nodes and a cluster‐head (CH) node. In this paper, a novel clustering mechanism is developed with the objective of extending network lifetime through load balancing in wireless sensor networks (WSNs). This is achieved by electing a new node to a provides specific tasks in the WSN to decrease energy consumption and enhance network lifetime. This node is called a relay node that is responsible of delivering the received data packets from the CHs, and then forwards them to the central node (sink). Unlike previous clustering schemes, the proposed algorithm consists of three main processes: CH selection, relay node selection, and medium access control processes. These processes depend on energy level and user's distributions. The performance of the proposed algorithm is investigated through simulation experiments in terms of network lifetime under various network parameters. The results reveal that the proposed mechanism significantly enhances network lifetime compared to previously proposed algorithms.
Swelling of Shales: A Multiscale Experimental Investigation

Shale swelling can cause a series of problems during the exploitation of shale gas. However, because of the complex fabric of shale, a thorough understanding of shale swelling has not been gained. In this work, an experimental multiscale approach is employed to characterize the swelling properties of a shale sample from Sichuan basin of China. Wetting/drying tests are performed by environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM), and deformation of the material is measured by analyzing the ESEM micrographs using digital image correlation (DIC) techniques. Investigations are conducted at three distinct scales, enabling the macroscopic behavior to be linked to the microscopic mechanisms (e.g., the role of inclusions, the behavior of clay particles). The macroscopic swelling of the tested shale is less than 2%. This limited swelling is mainly due to the presence of nonswelling inclusions as well as the low swelling capacity of the clay inside the shale. Microcracking is evidenced along both the wetting and .
Effects of Melatonin at Different

Meandros Med Dent J 2021;22:177-86 ORCID ID: orcid.org/0000-0001-8800-9787 Ad dress for Cor res pon den ce/Ya zış ma Ad re si: Ferhat Şirinyıldız MD, Aydın Adnan Menderes University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Aydın, Turkey Phone : +90 507 662 77 99 E-mail : ferhat.sirinyildiz@gmail.com Received/Geliş Ta rihi : 19.02. 2021 Accepted/Ka bul Ta ri hi : 23.03. 2021 Anah tar Ke li me ler Antioksidan, deneysel epilepsi, melatonin, oksidatif stres, PTZ, sıçan
Formulation of Heterolipid-Based Hollow Nanoparticles Improves the Physicochemical and Gastroprotective Properties of Cimetidine

Purpose: The purpose of the present study is to improve the physicochemical and gastroprotective properties of the BCS class III drug, cimetidine using nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC); thus, improving the overall absorption and bioavailability of cimetidine. Methods: Cimetidine-loaded NLCs were formulated by melt-fusion followed by high pressure homogenization (HPH) using rational blends of the solid lipids, Precirol ATO5 and beeswax, and the liquid lipid, Kolliphor ELP. In vitro physicochemical characterization (particle size, electric charge, polydispersity index, thermal analysis, particle optics, entrapment efficiency) and in vivo gastroprotective evaluations were carried out respectively. Results: Cimetidine-loaded NLCs were stable (-31 to -37 mV), polydispersed (0.1 – 0.4) with particle sizes ranging from 113 – 153 nm. Thermal analysis confirmed that cimetidine was molecularly dispersed in the NLC due to low matrix crystallinity. In vitro release of cimetidine showed sustained release effect and entrapment efficiency (EE %) was concentration-dependent in the range of 85 – 96 %. There was improved gastric ulcer inhibition by the cimetidine-loaded nanoparticles. Conclusion: The improved physicochemical and gastroprotective profiles obtained from the study suggest that NLC is a very promising delivery system for cimetidine.
Fungi Associated with three Common Bark Beetle Species in Norwegian Scots Pine Forest

Pityogenes bidentatus, P. quadridens and Ips acuminatus are known to be associated with fungi. However, little is known about the associations between the three beetle species and fungi in Norwegian Scots pine forest. This study reports species associated with the three beetle species in Norway. In total, 60 specimens P. bidentatus, 66 of P. quadridens, and 30 of I. acuminatus were collected and dissected. A total number of 560 fungal isolates including 46 species were obtained. In this study, ten ophiostomatoid species were found in association with the three investigated bark beetle species. Pityogenes bidentatus was found to be associated with 24 species of fungi. Five of these species were ophiostomatoid fungi. These were Graphilbum sp.1, Grosmannia europhioides, Ophiostoma ips, O. minus and O. sp. 1. Graphilbum sp.1 was the most abundant species, found in 31.7% of the samples. Two other fungi species with high frequency of occurrences were Fuscoporia sp.1 (15%) and Geosmithia sp.1 (20%). Pityogenes quadridens was found to be associated with 30 species of fungi. Six of these species were ophiostomatoid fungi. These were Leptographium chlamydatum, Graphilbum sp.1, Grosmannia olivacea, O. bicolor, O. minus and O. saponiodorum. However, these were isolated in low frequency. The species with highest frequency of occurrences were Allantophomopsis sp.1 (31.8%), Geosmithia sp.1 (31.8%) and Phacidiopynis sp.1 (30.3%). Ips acuminatus was found to be associated with eleven species of fungi. Four of these were ophiostomatoid fungi. These were Graphilbum sp. 1, Graphium sp. O. minus and O. macrosporum. The fungi with highest frequency of occurrences were Graphilbum sp. 1 (87%) and Phoma spp. (60%). Some of the ophiostomatoid species found in this study have not been registered in Norway before. Ophiostoma sp. 1 might be a new species and not yet described. Graphilbum sp.1 and Geosmithia sp.1 are undescribed species that are found in other studies.
Economic Development and Foreign Capital Investment Inflow in Nigeria

The study investigates the influence of economic development on the foreign capital investment inflow in Nigeria. The time series secondary data covering the period 1990 to 2019 used for the study were obtained from the Central Bank of Nigeria Statistical Bulletin, Nigeria Stock Exchange fact sheet, Journals libraries and Internet. The study analyzed the data with the use of unit root test to determine the stationarity or otherwise of the time series data employing Augmented Dickey Fuller (ADF) and Phillip-Perron (PP) unit root test. Vector Error Correction Estimates was deployed in determining the influence of the independent variables on the dependent variable. Granger causality test was also applied in establishing the direction of causality among the variables of the study. The findings revealed that gross domestic product (GDP) and market capitalization (MCAP) has positive but insignificant influence on foreign capital investment inflow in Nigeria. The granger causality result confirms evidence of bi-directional causality movement between gross domestic product (GDP) and foreign capital investment inflow (FCII) in Nigeria. It is recommended that by deliberate effort, the Nigeria authority should improve capital expenditure spending on infrastructure of relevant sectors that will ensure enhancement of economic growth.
A Proposal for Sleep Scoring Analysis Designed by Computer Assisted using Physiological Signals

Sleep is utterly regarded as compulsory component for a person’s prosperity and is an exceedingly important element for wellbeing of a healthy person. It is a condition in which an individual is physically and mentally at rest. The conception of sleep is considered extremely peculiar and is a topic of discussion and researchers all over the world has been attracted by this concept. Sleep analysis and its stages is analyzed to be useful in sleep research and sleep medicine area. By properly analyzing the sleep scoring system and its different stages has proven helpful for diagnosing sleep disorders. As it’s seen, sleep stage classification by manual process is a hectic procedure as it takes sufficient time for sleep experts to perform data analysis. Besides, mistakes and irregularities in between classification of same data can be recurrent. Therefore, the use of automatic scoring system in order to support reliable classification is highly in greater use. The scheduled work provides an insight to use the automatic scheme which is based on real time EMG signals and Artificial neural network. EMG is an electro neurological diagnostic tool which evaluates and records the electrical activity generated by muscle cells. The sleep scoring analysis can be applied by recording Electroencephalogram (EEG), Electromyogram (EMG), and Electrooculogram (EOG) based on epoch and this method is termed as PSG test or polysomnography test. The epoch measured has length segments for a period of 30 seconds. The standard database of EMG records was gathered from various hospitals in sleep laboratory which gives the different stages of sleep. These are Waking, Non-REM1 (stage-1), NonREM2 (stage-2), Non-REM3 (stage-3), REM. The collection of data was done for the period of 30 second known as epoch, for seven hours. The dataset obtained from the biological signal was managed so that necessary data is to be extracted from degenerated signal utilized for the purpose of study. As a matter of fact, it is known electrical signals are distributed throughout the body and is needed to be removed. These unwanted signals are termed as artifacts and they are removed with the help of filters. In this proposed work, the signal is filtered by making use of low-pass filter called Butterworth. The withdrawn characteristics were instructed and categorized by utilizing Artificial Neural Network (ANN). ANN, on the other hand is highly complicated network and utilizing same in the field of biomedical when contracted with electrical signals, acquired from human body is itself a novel. The precision obtained by the help of the procedure was discovered to be satisfactory and hence the process is very useful in clinics of sleep, especially helpful for neuro-scientists for discovering the disturbance in sleep.
A REVIEW ON PHYSIOLOGICAL CHANGES ASSOCIATED WITH COLD WATER EXPOSURE

Hydrotherapy is an established ancient method of treatment, employing water at varying temperatures to produce different physiological effects. It is considered to be an integral part of the Natural System of Medicine which had a diverse mode of applications ranging from compress, baths, immersions, and direct applications. Cryotherapy or cold water exposure is a kind of hydrotherapic intervention where the application of water can be administered at a temperature less than 15 Celsius. This cold water exposure can bring a significant physiological effect that constructs the therapeutic aspects of a specified modality. More number of studies are concern about the effects of hydrotherapy, where there is a lack of temperature-specific study irrespective the mode of applications. This review is conducted with the primary aim to explore the physiological effects that are associated with cold water exposure alone irrespective of the mode on which it is administered. We carry out PubMed, Science direct and Google Scholar Boolean searches to collect the relevant articles that reported the effects of cold water exposure. Our review concluded with the suggestion that cold water exposure can be an effective treatment choice that can be administered to have varied physiological effects.
FACTORS INFLUENCING ADHERENCE TO ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY AMONG HIV INFECTED CHILDREN ATTENDING THE DAY CARE HOSPITAL AT THE BAMENDA REGIONAL HOSPITAL, NORTH WEST CAMEROON

Paediatric adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART) is important in achieving efficiency of treatment and preventing failure to therapy. The aim of this study was to determine the rate of adherence to ART and identify factors influencing adherence to paediatric ART at the Day Hospital of the Bamenda Regional Hospital. We conducted a cross-sectional study with 213 children (≤ 14 years old) who were on antiretroviral therapy for at least six months. Adherence was assessed retrospectively, through self-administered questionnaires to the patients or their caregivers. An adherence rate of ≥ 95% was considered accepted as optimal adherence. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 20.0 (SPSS Inc Chicago USA) statistical packages. Overall, the adherence rate for the 213 participants was 26.8%. Significantly low levels of adherence were observed among caregivers who either had no formal education, were grandparents and had formal employment (P<0.05). The major patients‟ factors associated to non-adherence was refusal to take medicine while forgetfulness by caregivers accounted for the majority caregivers‟ factor. The highest number of caregivers who forgot to administer medicine were those with primary education, grandparents and the self-employed. Poor attitude of health care provider and long waiting time at the clinic were the major reasons for non-adherence. Paediatric adherence to ARV at this Day Care Hospital is low. The patient, caregiver, health-care-provider, and the health facility all contribute to this frightening percentage of non-adherence.
Research on stability and sensitivity of the rotating machines with overhung rotors to lateral vibrations

The rotating machines with overhung rotors form a broad class of devices used in many types of industry. For this kind of rotor machine in the paper, there is investigated an influence of dynamic and static unbalance of a rotor, parallel and angular misalignments of shafts, and inner anisotropy of rigid couplings on system dynamic responses. The considerations are performed through a hybrid structural model of the machine rotor-shaft system, consisting of continuous beam finite elements and discrete oscillators. Numerical calculations are carried out for parameters characterizing a heavy blower applied in the mining industry. The main goal of the research is to assess the sensitivity of the imperfections mentioned above on excitation severity of rotor-shaft lateral vibrations and motion stability of the machine in question.
OAEM_A_297083 45..50

1Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Gauhati Medical College and Hospital, Guwahati, Assam, India; 2Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Assam Medical College and Hospital, Dibrugarh, Assam, India; 3Department of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India; 4Department of Radiology, FAAMC and Hospital, Barpeta, Assam, India; 5Central Forensic Science Laboratory, Directorate of Forensic Science Services, Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India, Bhopal, India Purpose: Death due to acute poisoning is one of the significant health challenges to copeup. It is imperative to know the death victims’ pattern due to acute poisoning to prepare the relevant preventive and remedial measures. Therefore, the present study aimed to assess the pattern of the dead victims of acute poisoning in a tertiary care centre. Materials and Methods: It is a hospital record-based study and conducted in a tertiary care centre. Descriptive statistics to study the distribution of the cases among different age groups, sex, type of poison compounds was computed and analysed using SPSS software version 20. Results: The present study detected poisonous substances in 244 (41.8%) cases out of 584 death cases of suspected acute poisoning with the male preponderance of 62.29%. A higher incidence of acute poisoning was noticed among the young age group 21–30 years (33.6%) with 48 (31.6%) cases among males and 34 (36.9%) cases of the female. The Organophosphates (OP) was the main compound found in 151 (61.9%) fatal cases, followed by Carbamate in 45 (18.4%) cases. We also observed a maximum, 76 (36.2%) cases of suicidal victims in the age group of 21–30 years. Children and lower age group were more vulnerable to accidental poisoning as 26.5% cases of accidental death were reported in both the age group of 0–10 and 11–20 years respectively, gradually declining and practically found nil in above 60 years group. These differences of frequencies were found statistically significant (p < 0.0001), χ = 55.1. Conclusion: The results suggest due consideration to the young adolescents’ groups without any sexual discrimination to define guidelines for appropriate handling, storage and transportation of the poisonous compounds. Organophosphate’s involvement as the most preferred agent in acute poisoning is to be remembered to help manage poisoning cases.