Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Tensor interaction constraints from beta decay recoil spin asymmetry of trapped atoms

We have measured the angular distribution of recoiling daughter nuclei emitted from the Gamow-Teller {beta} decay of spin-polarized {sup 80}Rb. The asymmetry of this distribution vanishes to lowest order in the standard model (SM) in pure Gamow-Teller decays, producing an observable very sensitive to new interactions. We measure the non-SM contribution to the asymmetry to be A{sub T}=0.015{+-}0.029 (stat) {+-}0.019 (syst), consistent with the SM prediction. We constrain higher-order SM corrections using the measured momentum dependence of the asymmetry, and their remaining uncertainty dominates the systematic error. Future progress in determining the weak magnetism term theoretically or experimentally would reduce the final errors. We describe the resulting constraints on fundamental four-Fermi tensor interactions.
Generic susceptibilities of the half-filled Hubbard model in infinite dimensions

(Dated: April 3, 2009)Around a metal-to-insulator transition driven by repulsive interaction (Mott transition) the singleparticle excitations and the collective excitations are equally important. Here we present results forthe generic susceptibilities at zero temperature in the half-ﬁlled Hubbard model in inﬁnite dimen-sions. Proﬁting from the high resolution of dynamic density-matrix renormalization at all energies,results for the charge, spin and Cooper-pair susceptibilities in the metallic and the insulating phaseare computed. In the insulating phase, an almost saturated local magnetic moment appears. In themetallic phase a pronounced low-energy peak is found in the spin response. It is the precursor ofthe magnetic moment in the insulator.
The current status of Pacifastacus leniusculus (Dana, 1852) and their effect on aquatic macroinvertebrate communities in Hungarian watercourses

The freshwater crayfish Pacifastacus leniusculus is among the most widespread invasive crayfish species in Europe. Pacifastacus leniusculus invaded Hungary around 1998 and here we investigated the recent expansion of this species and its impact on other aquatic macroinvertebrates. The colonization of watercourses throughout Europe by the signal crayfish resulted in negative impacts on the present aquatic communities. Our investigation (i.e. in Rába, Pinka, Gyöngyös-stream, Répce, Arany-stream and Strém systems) revealed that the distribution range of signal crayfish is still in expansion in the western part of Hungary and in all likelihood impacting the aquatic communities in these watercourses. Our results obviously demonstrated that signal crayfish densities were highest in habitats with gravel or coarse particulate organic matter, which seems to reflect a species-specific habitat preference. Our investigation proved that the presence of P. leniusculus had negative effects on a number of protected species such as Calopteryx virgo and Onychogomphus forcipatus next to a significant negative effect on the Odonata and Trichoptera species richness as well as on the abundances of Ephemeroptera, Odonata and Trichoptera. Our study in Hungary supports the notion of the significant negative impact of signal crayfish on native freshwater invertebrate communities throughout Europe. In order to assess whether these impacts are restricted to fast flowing waters only, an adequate monitoring plan providing more knowledge on this species with respect to biotic and abiotic preferences and aquatic macroinvertebrate composition is required.
Band structure theory of the bcc to hcp Burgers distortion

The Burgers distortion is a two-stage transition between body centered cubic (BCC) and hexagonal close-packed (HCP) structures. Refractory metal elements from the Sc and Ti columns of the periodic table (BCC/HCP elements) form BCC structures at high temperatures but transition to HCP at low temperatures via the Burgers distortion. Elements of the V and Cr columns, in contrast, remain BCC at all temperatures. The energy landscape of BCC/HCP elements exhibits an alternating slide instability, while the normal BCC elements remain stable as BCC structures. This instability is verified by the presence of unstable elastic constants and vibrational modes for BCC/HCP elements, while those elastic constants and modes are stable in BCC elements. We show that a pseudogap opening in the density of states at the Fermi level drives the Burgers distortion in BCC/HCP elements, suggesting the transition is of the Jahn-Teller-Peierls type. The pseudogap lies below the Fermi level for regular BCC elements in the V and Cr columns of the periodic table. The wave vector $k_S$ when the gap opens relates to the reciprocal lattice vector G=(1 $\frac{1}{2}$ $\frac{1}{2}$) of the distorted BCC structure as $k_S$=$\frac{1}{2}$G. BCC binary alloys containing both BCC/HCP and BCC elements exhibit a similar instability but stabilize part way through the BCC to HCP transition.
WHICH PHASE OF THE INTERSTELLAR MEDIUM CORRELATES WITH THE STAR FORMATION RATE?

Nearby spiral galaxies show an extremely tight correlation between tracers of molecular hydrogen (H2) in the interstellar medium and tracers of recent star formation, but it is unclear whether this correlation is fundamental or accidental. In the galaxies that have been surveyed to date, H2 resides predominantly in gravitationally bound clouds cooled by carbon monoxide (CO) molecules, but in galaxies of low metal content the correlations between bound clouds, CO, and H2 break down, and it is unclear if the star formation rate (SFR) will then correlate with H2 or with some other quantity. Here, we show that star formation will continue to follow H2 independent of metallicity. This is not because H2 is directly important for cooling, but instead because the transition from predominantly atomic hydrogen (H i) to H2 occurs under the same conditions as a dramatic drop in gas temperature and Bonnor–Ebert mass that destabilizes clouds and initiates collapse. We use this model to compute how SFR will correlate with total gas mass, with mass of gas where the hydrogen is H2, and with mass of gas where the carbon is CO in galaxies of varying metallicity, and show that preliminary observations match the trend we predict.
Ultraviolet Survey of CO and H2 in Diffuse Molecular Clouds: The Reflection of Two Photochemistry Regimes in Abundance Relationships

We carried out a comprehensive far-UV survey of 12CO and H2 column densities along diffuse molecular Galactic sight lines. This sample includes new measurements of CO from HST spectra along 62 sight lines and new measurements of H2 from FUSE data along 58 sight lines. In addition, high-resolution optical data were obtained at the McDonald and European Southern Observatories, yielding new abundances for CH, CH+, and CN along 42 sight lines to aid in interpreting the CO results. These new sight lines were selected according to detectable amounts of CO in their spectra and provide information on both lower density (≤100 cm−3) and higher density diffuse clouds. A plot of log N(CO) versus log N(H2) shows that two power-law relationships are needed for a good fit of the entire sample, with a break located at log N(CO , cm −2) = 14.1 and log N(H2) = 20.4, corresponding to a change in production route for CO in higher density gas. Similar logarithmic plots among all five diatomic molecules reveal additional examples of dual slopes in the cases of CO versus CH (break at log N = 14.1, 13.0), CH+ versus H2 (13.1, 20.3), and CH+ versus CO (13.2, 14.1). We employ both analytical and numerical chemical schemes in order to derive details of the molecular environments. In the denser gas, where C2 and CN molecules also reside, reactions involving C+ and OH are the dominant factor leading to CO formation via equilibrium chemistry. In the low-density gas, where equilibrium chemistry studies have failed to reproduce the abundance of CH+, our numerical analysis shows that nonequilibrium chemistry must be employed for correctly predicting the abundances of both CH+ and CO.
Impact of the Anodic and Cathodic Electro-Activation Treatment on the Physico-Chemical and Antioxidant Capacity of Red Beetroot Juice

The aim of the present work was to study the feasibility of using electro-activation as a nonthermal treatment to produce stable beetroot juice. Specifically, red beetroot juice was electro-activated under two different reactor configurations by using three electric current intensities (100, 200, and 300 mA) during 120 min. Different parameters of the juice were measured such as the pH, redox potential, juice titratable acidity, Brix degree and total dry matter, color, betalain and polyphenolic contents, and antioxidant capacity of the electro-activated juice. By using the reactor Configuration A in which the targeted juice was electro-activated in the anodic compartment of the used reactor, acidic juice with pH 4 and 5 as well as a redox potential close to +300 mV was obtained. The Brix degree, color, dry matter, and phenolic content were not significantly influenced by this electro-activation. However, the treatment permitted increasing the antioxidant capacity of the juice as measured by the DPPH and ABTS assays. By using the reactor Configuration B in which the targeted beet juice was electro-activated in the cathodic compartment of the used compartment, a juice with an alkaline pH of approximately pH 9 and a reducing redox potential of −697 mV was obtained. With this reactor configuration, the Brix degree and total dry matter were not affected, but the color and total polyphenolic content changed. The betalains and polyphenolic compounds were degraded under the alkaline conditions of this electro-activation treatment, which had a negative consequence on the juice quality by decreasing its antioxidant capacity. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that anodic electro-activation of a beet juice can be technologically feasible since this treatment permitted producing stable juice as well as maintaining the main physico-chemical properties of the juice, enhancing its antioxidant capacity, and keeping the juice color at high level.
Engineering arbitrary pure and mixed quantum states

This work addresses a fundamental problem of controllability of open quantum systems, meaning the ability to steer arbitrary initial system density matrix into any final density matrix. We show that under certain general conditions open quantum systems are completely controllable and propose the first, to the best of our knowledge, deterministic method for a laboratory realization of such controllability which allows for a practical engineering of arbitrary pure and mixed quantum states. The method exploits manipulation by the system with a laser field and a tailored nonequilibrium and time-dependent state of the surrounding environment. As a physical example of the environment we consider incoherent light, where control is its spectral density. The method has two specifically important properties: it realizes the strongest possible degree of quantum state control --- complete density matrix controllability which is the ability to steer arbitrary pure and mixed initial states into any desired pure or mixed final state, and is "all-to-one", i.e. such that each particular control can transfer simultaneously all initial system states into one target state.
Online Reviews by Beauty Vloggers of Local Lipsticks Product Impact on Purchase Intention

Lipstick is a necessity for all women, yet many Indonesian women continue to favor international brands since they are more familiar. The local cosmetics business is rising fast, but it has obstacles, such as a strong demand for premium or high-brand cosmetics, such as Korean items, which remain popular among young women in Indonesia. Today, beauty vloggers are regarded as a reputable source of information on a certain cosmetics product. The purpose of this study is to explore the effect of competence, trustworthiness, and beauty on the purchase intention of a local lipstick product, as mediated by customer attitude and persuasive talents. This study adopts a quantitative methodology, gathering data using an online survey platform from participants (Google Form). Researchers collected 146 questionnaires from Greater Jakarta women who had viewed YouTube beauty vlogger reviews and reside in Jakarta. In this research, SEM-PLS is utilized to test hypotheses and analyze data. It has been discovered that knowledge, dependability, and beauty have a considerable impact on purchase intent, as mediated by consumer attitude. When a beauty vlogger recommends a local product's lipstick, persuasive talents have a large direct impact on consumer purchase intentions.
Application of three-body stability to globular clusters – I. The stability radius

The tidal radius is commonly determined analytically by equating the tidal field of the galaxy to the gravitational potential of the cluster. Stars crossing this radius can move from orbiting the cluster centre to independently orbiting the galaxy. In this paper, the stability radius of a globular cluster is estimated using a novel approach from the theoretical standpoint of the general three-body problem. This is achieved by an analytical formula for the transition radius between stable and unstable orbits in a globular cluster. A stability analysis, outlined by Mardling, is used here to predict the occurrence of unstable stellar orbits in the outermost region of a globular cluster in a distant orbit around a galaxy. It is found that the eccentricity of the cluster-galaxy orbit has a far more significant effect on the stability radius of globular clusters than previous theoretical results of the tidal radius have found. A simple analytical formula is given for determining the transition between stable and unstable orbits, which is analogous to the tidal radius for a globular cluster. The stability radius estimate is interior to tidal radius estimates and gives the innermost region from which stars can random walk to their eventual escape from the cluster. The time-scale for this random walk process is also estimated using numerical three-body scattering experiments.
Selecting the Best Surgical Treatment Methods in Oro-Antral Communications

Introduction: an oro-antral communication is defined as a permanent pathological connection between the maxillary sinus and the septic oral cavity. Several flaps can be used for the closure (buccal flap, palatal flap, combination techniques) but relapses occur often in case of a large defects and underlying general conditions. Bichat fad pad flap is a multipotent pedicled fatty tissue that is easily accessible from the oral cavity that can be used for the closure of medium-sized defects, even in immunocompromised patients due to its stem cell capacity. Materials and methods: the medical information of the patients diagnosed with oro-antral communications who were admitted and treated in the Oral and Maxillo-Facial Clinic Targu Mures, between 2013 and 2020 were analyzed. A database containing general information, reported causes, associated diseases, surgical methods used during admission, and relapses, was created. The information was statistically processed. The written consent and ethical approval were obtained. Results: the study shows that from a total of 140 cases, 72 were treated using buccal advancement flap, 49 using Bichat fat pad flap, and 19 using palatal flaps. The dimensions of the communications ranged between 0.3 cm and 1.5 cm. Several statistically significant results could be found when comparing the surgical methods. Of the 72 patients treated with buccal advancement flaps, 25 presented relapses as opposed to the patients treated with Bichat fat pad flaps who showed no complications, p < 0.05. Analysing this aspect further, all large defects (10 cases) ranging from 0.6 cm to 1.5 cm treated with advancement buccal flaps (Rehrmann flaps) showed relapses (p < 0.05). Considering the general conditions, out of 7 patients who received radiotherapy 4 presented relapses, as opposed to the healthy patients, p < 0.05. Regarding the reintervention for the relapsed cases, the majority of the cases treated a second time with buccal advancement flap (5 out of 7 cases) failed as opposed to the Bichat fat pad flap with no further relapses (p < 0.05). Conclusions: the most frequently used surgical treatment is the buccal flap, which also has the highest relapse rate. Both primary treatment with Bichat fat-pad flap and re-treatment of relapses using this flap have had 100% success rates, even in patients with general associated conditions, in contrast with patients treated by using the buccal flap. The dimensions of the oro-antral communication and general conditions are crucial factors for the success of the surgical treatment.
Electron-phonon coupling in the C60 fullerene within the many-body GW approach

We study the electron-phonon coupling in the C60 fullerene within the first-principles GW approach, focusing on the lowest unoccupied t1u threefold electronic state which is relevant for the superconducting transition in electron-doped fullerides. It is shown that the strength of the coupling is significantly enhanced as compared to standard density functional theory calculations with (semi)local functionals, with a 48% increase of the electron-phonon potential Vep with respect to the LDA value. The calculated GW value for the contribution from the Hg modes of 93 meV comes within 4% of the most recent experimental values. The present results call for a reinvestigation of previous density functional based calculations of electron-phonon coupling in covalent systems in general.
Noncommutative massive unquenched ABJM

In this paper, we study noncommutative massive unquenched Chern–Simons matter theory using its gravity dual. We construct this novel background by applying a TsT-transformation on the known parent commutative solution. We discuss several aspects of this solution to the Type IIA supergravity equations of motion and, amongst others, check that it preserves [Formula: see text] supersymmetry. We then turn our attention to applications and investigate how dynamical flavor degrees of freedom affect numerous observables of interest. Our framework can be regarded as a key step toward the construction of holographic quantum Hall states on a noncommutative plane.
A unified polar cap/striped wind model for pulsed radio and gamma-ray emission in pulsars

Because of the recent discovery by Fermi of about 50 new gamma-ray pulsars, it has become possible to look for the statistical properties of their pulsed high-energy emission, especially their light curves and phase-resolved spectra. These pulsars emit, by definition, mostly gamma-ray photons, but some of them are also detected in the radio band. For those seen in these two extreme energies, the relation between the time lag of the radio/gamma-ray pulses and the gamma-ray peak separation, when both high-energy pulses are seen, helps to constrain the magnetospheric emission mechanisms and location. This idea is analysed in detail in this paper, assuming a polar cap model for the radio pulses and a striped wind geometry for the pulsed high-energy counterpart. Combining the time-dependent emissivity in the wind, supposed to be inverse Compton radiation, with a simple polar cap emission model along and around the magnetic axis, we compute the radio and gamma-ray light curves, summarizing the results in several phase plots. We study the phase lag as well as the gamma-ray peak separation dependence on the pulsar inclination angle and on the viewing angle. Using the gamma-ray pulsar catalogue, compiled from the Fermi data, we are able to predict the radio lag/peak separation relation and to compare it with available observations taken from this catalogue. This simple geometric model, combining polar cap and striped wind radiation, is satisfactory for explaining the observed radio/gamma-ray correlation. This supports the idea of distinct emission locations for the radio and gamma-ray radiation. Nevertheless, time retardation effects, such as curved space–time and magnetic field lines winding up close to the neutron star, can lead to a discrepancy between our predicted time lag and a more realistic relation as deduced from the gamma-ray catalogue. Moreover, as there is no accurate polar cap description available so far, large uncertainties remain on the altitude and geometry of the radio emission.
Flare Activity of Wide Binary Stars with Kepler

We present an analysis of flare activity in wide binary stars using a combination of value-added data sets from the NASA Kepler mission. The target list contains a set of previously discovered wide binary star systems identified by proper motions in the Kepler field. We cross-matched these systems with estimates of flare activity for ∼200,000 stars in the Kepler field, allowing us to compare relative flare luminosity between stars in coeval binaries. From a sample of 184 previously known wide binaries in the Kepler field, we find 58 with detectable flare activity in at least 1 component, 33 of which are similar in mass (q > 0.8). Of these 33 equal-mass binaries, the majority display similar (±1 dex) flare luminosity between both stars, as expected for stars of equal mass and age. However, we find two equal-mass pairs where the secondary (lower mass) star is more active than its counterpart, and two equal-mass pairs where the primary star is more active. The stellar rotation periods are also anomalously fast for stars with elevated flare activity. Pairs with discrepant rotation and activity qualitatively seem to have lower mass ratios. These outliers may be due to tidal spin-up, indicating these wide binaries could be hierarchical triple systems. We additionally present high-resolution adaptive optics images for two wide binary systems to test this hypothesis. The demographics of stellar rotation and magnetic activity between stars in wide binaries may be useful indicators for discerning the formation scenarios of these systems.
Botulinum Toxin Intervention in Cerebral Palsy-Induced Spasticity Management: Projected and Contradictory Effects on Skeletal Muscles

Spasticity, following the neurological disorder of cerebral palsy (CP), describes a pathological condition, the central feature of which is involuntary and prolonged muscle contraction. The persistent resistance of spastic muscles to stretching is often followed by structural and mechanical changes in musculature. This leads to functional limitations at the respective joint. Focal injection of botulinum toxin type-A (BTX-A) is effectively used to manage spasticity and improve the quality of life of the patients. By blocking acetylcholine release at the neuromuscular junction and causing temporary muscle paralysis, BTX-A aims to reduce spasticity and hereby improve joint function. However, recent studies have indicated some contradictory effects such as increased muscle stiffness or a narrower range of active force production. The potential of these toxin- and atrophy-related alterations in worsening the condition of spastic muscles that are already subjected to changes should be further investigated and quantified. By focusing on the effects of BTX-A on muscle biomechanics and overall function in children with CP, this review deals with which of these goals have been achieved and to what extent, and what can await us in the future.
Supernovae as laboratories for neutrino properties

The present thesis aims to be an analysis of various aspects of neutrino phenomenology in two different scenarios. On the one hand, we address the study of non-standard neutrino interactions (NSI) in accelerator and reactor terrestrial experiments. On the other hand, we discuss the propagation of supernova (SN) neutrinos, taking into account the recent developments showing the importance that neutrino background may have in their evolution. This effect, neglected for a long time, may be of capital importance when trying to understand the neutrino signal from a future galactic SN. Our SN neutrino analysis is presented both in absence and presence of NSI.