Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Disruption of Vitamin D Signaling Impairs Adaptation of Cerebrocortical Microcirculation to Carotid Artery Occlusion in Hyperandrogenic Female Mice

Vitamin D deficiency contributes to the pathogenesis of age-related cerebrovascular diseases, including ischemic stroke. Sex hormonal status may also influence the prevalence of these disorders, indicated by a heightened vulnerability among postmenopausal and hyperandrogenic women. To investigate the potential interaction between sex steroids and disrupted vitamin D signaling in the cerebral microcirculation, we examined the cerebrovascular adaptation to unilateral carotid artery occlusion (CAO) in intact, ovariectomized, and hyperandrogenic female mice with normal or functionally inactive vitamin D receptor (VDR). We also analyzed the morphology of leptomeningeal anastomoses, which play a significant role in the compensation. Ablation of VDR by itself did not impact the cerebrocortical adaptation to CAO despite the reduced number of pial collaterals. While ovariectomy did not undermine compensatory mechanisms following CAO, androgen excess combined with VDR inactivity resulted in prolonged hypoperfusion in the cerebral cortex ipsilateral to the occlusion. These findings suggest that the cerebrovascular consequences of disrupted VDR signaling are less pronounced in females, providing a level of protection even after ovariectomy. Conversely, even short-term androgen excess with lacking VDR signaling may lead to unfavorable outcomes of ischemic stroke, highlighting the complex interplay between sex steroids and vitamin D in terms of cerebrovascular diseases.
Simulation of land use/cover dynamics in the Yayo coffee Forest biosphere reserve, southwestern Ethiopia

Abstract Successful implementation of natural resource planning and land management systems requires understanding of how land use and land cover (LULC) have changed in the past and how they will change in the future, taking into account both space and time. The Yayo Coffee Forest Biosphere Reserve (YCFBR), in southwestern Ethiopia, is currently experiencing the consequences of different human actions such as wildfires and the expansion of coffee plantations. Although the Biosphere Reserve (BR) has undergone significant changes and efforts since it was registered by UNESCO in 2010 as a high biodiversity area of international importance, there is still a lack of information about the anticipated changes in LULC in the future. The primary aim of the study is to simulate the potential changes in LULC in the YCFBR area for the upcoming three decades. In this study, we utilized Landsat satellite imagery taken in 1992, 2007, and 2022 for analysis. The findings suggest that the agricultural area is expected to grow from 20.3% in 2022 to 24% in 2052, while the proportion of open forest is predicted to rise from 13.4% in 2022 to 18% in 2052. In addition, there is an anticipated decrease in both high forest and grazing lands. High forest is expected to decline from 50.1% in 2022 to 40% in 2052, while grazing lands are projected to decrease from 8.3% in 2022 to 6% in 2052. Thus, the study revealed a significant shift of grazing land to agriculture and high forest to more open forest types. We recommend a proper land use zoning to prevent further loss of the forest cover due to human activities and also restore the degraded parts of the area.
Validation of the Spanish Version of the Massachusetts General Hospital-Sexual Functioning Questionnaire (MGH-SFQ) with Sexual Arousal Measures in Men

Abstract. Objective. Provide new validity evidence of the Spanish version of the Massachusetts General Hospital-Sexual Functioning Questionnaire (MGH-SFQ) by associating its scores with measures of sexual arousal. Method. In a sample of 48 men, using a quasi-experimental design, sexual functioning, propensity for sexual inhibition/excitation, subjective sexual arousal, and genital response (penile plethysmography recorded with Biopac MP150 equipment) were evaluated. Results. Arousal and erection scores correlated with sexual inhibition due to the threat of performance failure (r = .29; p < .05) and genital response (r = .31; p < .05), respectively. Participants with diﬃculties in sexual functioning indicated greater sexual inhibition due to the threat of performance failure (p = .04) and lower intensity in their genital response (p = .05). Conclusions. The validity of the measures obtained with the Spanish version of the MGH-SFQ is supported, showing the erection item to be useful for the detection of possible erectile disorders.
Erratum: ``Cyclogenesis in the deep ocean beneath the Gulf Stream, 1, Description''

One of the primary scientific results of the Synoptic Ocean Prediction (SYNOP) observational program was the discovery of strong cyclones in the deep ocean beneath the large amplitude Gulf Stream meander troughs that routinely form at about 68°W. These strong well-organized cyclones extend to at least 3500 m below the sea surface and are an important component of the overall dynamical variability of the Gulf Stream and adjacent deep waters. Typically, a small amplitude Gulf Stream meander “stalls” near 68°W and begins to amplify. As the amplitude of troughs in the Gulf Stream jet increases, the currents at 3500 m strengthen and turn, forming a cyclonic circulation pattern. During SYNOP, six well-defined instances of meander trough amplification and deep cyclogenesis occurred. The cyclones were characterized by strong swirl speeds (up to 0.5 m s−1) and were long-lived (typically lasting 6–9 weeks) frequent occurrences (present 35% of the time during the 25 month deployment period). The structure of the cyclones at 3500 m is characterized by increasing velocity from the cyclone center out to some radius of maximum velocity and decreasing velocity beyond that radius. This structure was robust over the lifetime of an event and from event to event. Cyclone radius and the radius to maximum velocity were consistently ≃130 km and ≃55 km, respectively. Evidence of cyclones at upper measurement levels and the low vertical shear values apparent in the deep water below the thermocline indicate that the cyclones extended throughout the entire water column; from the benthic boundary layer, through the thermocline, and to the ocean's surface.
Occupational therapy services for children with Autism Spectrum Disorder on the primary healthcare platform

INTRODUCTION: The diagnosis of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is complex. In a low middle income country, like South Africa, early recognition of ASD rarely occurs on the primary health care (PHC) platform.To mitigate late diagnosis of ASD, which has a poorer prognosis, the purpose of this study was to identify the knowledge and clinical competencies required by inexperienced occupational therapists to improve early detection of and service delivery for children with ASD at the PHC level METHODS: A descriptive qualitative design explored the perceptions of occupational therapy experts as to the required knowledge and clinical competencies necessary for inexperienced occupational therapists to deliver services to children with ASD on the PHC platform. Thematic inductive analysis was used to analyse the data FINDINGS: Two themes emerged: Theme one: the perceived critical knowledge for early identification, assessment and treatment of children with ASD.Theme two: the clinical competencies required forassessment and effective treatment of children with ASD on the PHC level CONCLUSION: This study identified the perceived knowledge and clinical competencies needed to improve early identification and service community-based delivery for children with ASD on the PHC platform by early career occupational therapists IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE ■ This study provides critical knowledge and clinical competencies to occupational therapists to facilitate effective therapeutic services to children with ASD on the PHC platform. ■ The study identified appropriate screening, assessment and intervention that could assist occupational therapy service planners to reduce the gap of service delivery for children with ASD within the concept of UHC provision on a community-based level in SA. ■ Faculty at tertiary educational institutions may utilise the findings in order to adapt curriculums to better prepare inexperienced occupational therapists with working with children with ASD on the community-based level.
Towards a Realistic Model for Cavity-Enhanced Atomic Frequency Comb Quantum Memories

Atomic frequency comb (AFC) quantum memory is a favorable protocol in long distance quantum communication. Putting the AFC inside an asymmetric optical cavity enhances the storage efficiency but makes the measurement of the comb properties challenging. We develop a theoretical model for cavity-enhanced AFC quantum memory that includes the effects of dispersion, and show a close alignment of the model with our own experimental results. Providing semi quantitative agreement for estimating the efficiency and a good description of how the efficiency changes as a function of detuning, it also captures certain qualitative features of the experimental reflectivity. For comparison, we show that a theoretical model without dispersion fails dramatically to predict the correct efficiencies. Our model is a step forward to accurately estimating the created comb properties, such as the optical depth inside the cavity, and so being able to make precise predictions of the performance of the prepared cavity-enhanced AFC quantum memory.
Fatal road traffic crashes: comparisons by road user types and measures of exposure

Mobility practices are changing in favor of active transportation modes (walking and cycling), for different reasons: health benefits, environmental protection and economic crisis. Then, a better understanding of road traffic risk associated with road user types, taking into account the exposure, is needed. This paper assesses the exposure-based fatality rates of road traffic crashes in France. The fatality rates were defined as the ratio of the number of fatalities by the exposure data to road traffic. Fatality data were provided from the French national police data of road traffic casualties over the 2007-2008 period. The exposure data were provided from the latest national household travel survey (ENTD) conducted from April 2007 to April 2008 where the three following measures of mobility were used: (1) the time spent in travelling, (2) the distance travelled and (3) the number of trips undertaken. Annual fatality rates were assessed by sex, age and road user types, based on these three different measures of mobility.
Operationalizing Collaborative Business Models: A Practitioner Capabilities Lens

This paper offers insight into the boundary-spanning practitioners and the operationalization of their capabilities that are critical to sustainable value co-creation, delivery, and capture within collaborative business models. Few empirical studies have focused on the concept of collaborative business models - those business models in which value is co-created, delivered, and captured between practitioners outside the boundaries of a single firm - and research into the dynamic/ordinary capabilities of their boundary-spanning practitioners appears neglected. The study is centered on three firms that form a solutions collaborative (public-private) business model. A case study methodology is deployed to examine the firms as three embedded units of analysis. The data sources consist ofsemi-structured interviews supplemented by archives of publications. The findings advance understanding of practitioner dynamic/ordinary capabilities in solutions collaborative business models that are critical to support value co-creation, delivery, and capture.
The Correlation of Nurse's Work Environment with Missed Nursing Care in Hospital

Introduction: Missed nursing care is a caring aspect needed for patients who have intentionally or not been eliminated or significantly postponed. One of the factors that can affect missed nursing care is the work environment of the nurse. The aspects contained in the work environment of nurses include staffing and resources; quality of basic nursing care; nurse and doctor relationship; participation of nurses in hospital affairs; as well as nurse manager ability, leadership, and nurse support. Method: This research study used correlational analysis and a cross-sectional design approach which was carried out on 56 nurses as respondents using two instruments, that is Misscare Survey and the PES-NWI questionnaire. Results: The study using the Spearman Rank test showed that there was a significant relationship between the work environment of nurses and missed nursing care (ρ <0.05). Conclusions: The better nurse's work environment is lower missed nursing care.
BUILDING EDGE DETECTION FROM VERY HIGH-RESOLUTION REMOTE SENSING IMAGERY USING DEEP LEARNING

Abstract. Detection of Building edges is crucial for building information extraction and description. Extracting structures from large-scale aerial images has been utilized for years in cartography. With commercially available high-resolution satellites, many aerial photography usages can now employ satellite imagery. Edge detection is focused on pinpointing distinct transitions between greyscale image regions and attributing their origins to underlying physical processes. Detecting building boundaries from very high-resolution (VHR) remote sensing data is essential for many geo-related applications, such as urban planning and management, surveying and mapping, 3D reconstruction, motion recognition, image registration, image enhancement and restoration, image compression, and more. The rapid evolution of convolutional neural networks (CNNs) has led to substantial breakthroughs in edge detection in recent years. Sharp, localized changes in brightness characterize edges in digital images. In most cases, edge detection requires some kind of image smoothing and separation. Differentiation is an ill-conditioned problem, and smoothing leads to information loss. It is challenging to create an edge detection method that works everywhere and adapts to any future processing stages. Therefore, throughout the development of digital image processing, numerous edge detectors have been created, each with its own unique set of mathematical and algorithmic properties. Several edge detectors have been developed due to application needs and the subjective nature of edge definition and characterization. We propose a deep learning technique, particularly convolutional neural networks(CNNs), that offers a promising approach to automatically learn and extract features from very high-resolution remote sensing imagery, leading to more accurate and efficient building edge detection.
Determinants of Attitude Toward End-of-Life Care Among Junior Physicians: Findings from a Nationwide Survey in Japan

Background: Physicians' attitudes can be critical in quality end-of-life care. However, the determinants of the attitudes and whether the attitudes can be modified remain unclear. Objectives: To investigate factors correlated with physicians' positive attitudes toward end-of-life care and whether these attitudes are modifiable through acquired factors (e.g., education or mentorship). Design: A nationwide survey was conducted in 300 institutions and selected randomly from 1037 clinical training hospitals in Japan. Participants: From each selected institution, two resident physicians of postgraduate year (PGY) 1 or 2 and two clinical fellows from PGY 3–5 were requested to answer the survey. Measurements: The primary outcome was the Frommelt Attitudes Toward the Care of the Dying (FATCOD) scale score. Factors (e.g., the respondents' age, sex, number of years of clinical experience, training environment, religion, and beliefs around death) were examined for correlation with FATCOD score. Results: In all, 198 physicians and 134 clinical fellows responded to the survey (response rate: 33.0% and 22.3%, respectively). Factors with the strongest correlation with FATCOD scores were mostly unmodifiable factors (e.g., being female and one's beliefs around death). Modifiable factors were also identified—number of patient deaths experienced, level of interest in palliative care, availability of support from senior mentors, and frequency of consultation with nonphysician medical staff. Conclusion: Physicians' attitudes toward end-of-life care correlate more strongly with nonmodifiable factors, but attitudes can be meaningfully improved via mentoring by senior physicians. Future studies are warranted to determine the effective interventions to foster positive attitudes among physicians involved in end-of-life care.
Localisation of active substances in Hedera helix leaves and Linaria vulgaris shoots used in pharmaceutical and cosmetic industry

Although Hedera helix and Linaria vulgaris are considered toxic plants, their extracts containing many bioactive compounds are commonly used in the pharmaceutical and cosmetics industries. Plant secretory structures are considered the primary site of synthesis and accumulation of many valuable metabolites. The presence of secretory structures and the location of active substances in H. helix leaf petioles and L. vulgaris inflorescence shoots were detected using light microscopy and histochemical and fluorescence tests. The analyses showed schizogenic secretory ducts in the H. helix petioles and capitate glandular trichomes on the surface of the L. vulgaris shoots. The secretion and secretory cells of the H. helix ducts and the L. vulgaris trichomes contained acidic and neutral lipids, sesquiterpenes, polyphenols, tannins, flavonoids, phenolic acids, neutral and acidic polysaccharides, proteins and alkaloids. Data on the secretory structures and taxonomic and morpho-anatomical traits of the analysed raw materials may help evaluate their quality (falsification).
Practical pathway for the management of depression in the workplace: a Canadian perspective

Major depressive disorder (MDD) and other mental health issues pose a substantial burden on the workforce. Approximately half a million Canadians will not be at work in any week because of a mental health disorder, and more than twice that number will work at a reduced level of productivity (presenteeism). Although it is important to determine whether work plays a role in a mental health condition, at initial presentation, patients should be diagnosed and treated per appropriate clinical guidelines. However, it is also important for patient care to determine the various causes or triggers including work-related factors. Clearly identifying the stressors associated with the mental health disorder can help clinicians to assess functional limitations, develop an appropriate care plan, and interact more effectively with worker’s compensation and disability programs, as well as employers. There is currently no widely accepted tool to definitively identify MDD as work-related, but the presence of certain patient and work characteristics may help. This paper seeks to review the evidence specific to depression in the workplace, and provide practical tips to help clinicians to identify and treat work-related MDD, as well as navigate disability issues.
Fear learning and aversive stimuli differentially change excitatory synaptic transmission in perisomatic inhibitory cells of the basal amygdala

Inhibitory circuits in the basal amygdala (BA) have been shown to play a crucial role in associative fear learning. How the excitatory synaptic inputs received by BA GABAergic interneurons are influenced by memory formation, a network parameter that may contribute to learning processes, is still largely unknown. Here, we investigated the features of excitatory synaptic transmission received by the three types of perisomatic inhibitory interneurons upon cue-dependent fear conditioning and aversive stimulus and tone presentations without association. Acute slices were prepared from transgenic mice: one group received tone presentation only (conditioned stimulus, CS group), the second group was challenged by mild electrical shocks unpaired with the CS (unsigned unconditioned stimulus, unsigned US group) and the third group was presented with the CS paired with the US (signed US group). We found that excitatory synaptic inputs (miniature excitatory postsynaptic currents, mEPSCs) recorded in distinct interneuron types in the BA showed plastic changes with different patterns. Parvalbumin (PV) basket cells in the unsigned US and signed US group received mEPSCs with reduced amplitude and rate in comparison to the only CS group. Coupling the US and CS in the signed US group caused a slight increase in the amplitude of the events in comparison to the unsigned US group, where the association of CS and US does not take place. Excitatory synaptic inputs onto cholecystokinin (CCK) basket cells showed a markedly different change from PV basket cells in these behavioral paradigms: only the decay time was significantly faster in the unsigned US group compared to the only CS group, whereas the amplitude of mEPSCs increased in the signed US group compared to the only CS group. Excitatory synaptic inputs received by PV axo-axonic cells showed the least difference in the three behavioral paradigm: the only significant change was that the rate of mEPSCs increased in the signed US group when compared to the only CS group. These results collectively show that associative learning and aversive stimuli unpaired with CS cause different changes in excitatory synaptic transmission in BA perisomatic interneuron types, supporting the hypothesis that they play distinct roles in the BA network operations upon pain information processing and fear memory formation.
Comparative assessment of dexmedetomidine and butorphanol for attenuation of etomidate-induced myoclonus: A double-blind, randomised controlled study

Background and Aims: Etomidate is a popular induction agent, but its use is associated with myoclonus in 50%–80% of non-premedicated patients. This study aims to compare dexmedetomidine and butorphanol for their relative efficacy in preventing etomidate-induced myoclonus. Methods: This randomised study was conducted after obtaining institutional ethical committee clearance and written informed consent from sixty American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) I or II consenting patients between 18 and 60 years of age of either sex who had been scheduled for elective surgeries under general anaesthesia. Patients were randomly allocated to dexmedetomidine 0.5 μg/kg (Group D) or butorphanol 0.015 mg/kg (Group B). Both the drugs were given as an infusion over a period of 10 min before induction of anaesthesia. The primary outcome was the incidence of myoclonic movements after etomidate, and the secondary outcomes were the severity of myoclonus, changes in the haemodynamic parameters and incidence of airway complications. Normally distributed variables were compared using Student's t-test, and non-normally distributed variables were compared using Mann–Whitney U test. Qualitative data were analysed using Chi-square/Fisher's exact test. A P-value <0.05 was considered significant. Results: The incidence of etomidate-induced myoclonus was significantly higher in group B compared to group D (P = 0.035). The median (interquartile range [IQR]) of myoclonus grade in patients of group D was 0.00 (0.00–3.00), and group B was 2.50 (0.00–3.00) (P = 0.035). Haemodynamics and airway-related complications were comparable between the groups. Conclusion: Dexmedetomidine was more effective than butorphanol in preventing etomidate-induced myoclonus.