Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Empowering community-changers: Developing civic efficacy in elementary classrooms

Abstract This study examined the effects of behavioral and social engagement and classroom supportiveness on the development of civic efficacy in fourth-grade science classrooms. We define civic efficacy as children's beliefs that they are not only capable of making a difference in their community, but they also feel a responsibility to do so. This study enrolled 815 students (48% female) across 39 classrooms, including 31 fourth-grade teachers at 25 schools in a large urban school district in the South Central U.S. Stepwise regression showed that behavioral engagement, social engagement, and classroom supportiveness in science class all positively predicted civic efficacy, and social engagement accounted for the greatest amount of variance in that civic efficacy. Findings suggests that social engagement is a stronger driver of civic efficacy than behavioral engagement and classroom supportiveness, pointing to the importance of collaboration and teamwork in science classrooms. We discuss implications for elementary classroom practices.
Constraints on cold dark matter accelerating cosmologies and cluster formation

We discuss the properties of homogeneous and isotropic flat cosmologies in which the present accelerating stage is powered only by the gravitationally induced creation of cold dark matter (CCDM) particles ({Omega}{sub m}=1). For some matter creation rates proposed in the literature, we show that the main cosmological functions such as the scale factor of the universe, the Hubble expansion rate, the growth factor, and the cluster formation rate are analytically defined. The best CCDM scenario has only one free parameter and our joint analysis involving baryonic acoustic oscillations + cosmic microwave background (CMB) + SNe Ia data yields {Omega}-tilde{sub m}=0.28{+-}0.01 (1{sigma}), where {Omega}-tilde{sub m} is the observed matter density parameter. In particular, this implies that the model has no dark energy but the part of the matter that is effectively clustering is in good agreement with the latest determinations from the large-scale structure. The growth of perturbation and the formation of galaxy clusters in such scenarios are also investigated. Despite the fact that both scenarios may share the same Hubble expansion, we find that matter creation cosmologies predict stronger small scale dynamics which implies a faster growth rate of perturbations with respect to the usual {Lambda}CDM cosmology. Such results pointmore » to the possibility of a crucial observational test confronting CCDM with {Lambda}CDM scenarios through a more detailed analysis involving CMB, weak lensing, as well as the large-scale structure. « less
Implications of PSR J0737-3039B for the Galactic NS-NS binary merger rate

The Double Pulsar (PSR J0737-3039) is the only neutron star-neutron star (NS-NS) binary in which both NSs have been detectable as radio pulsars. The Double Pulsar has been assumed to dominate the Galactic NS-NS binary merger rate R_g among all known systems, solely based on the properties of the first-born, recycled pulsar (PSR J0737-3039A, or A) with an assumption for the beaming correction factor of 6. In this work, we carefully correct observational biases for the second-born, non-recycled pulsar (PSR J0737-0737B, or B) and estimate the contribution from the Double Pulsar on R_g using constraints available from both A and B. Observational constraints from the B pulsar favour a small beaming correction factor for A (~2), which is consistent with a bipolar model. Considering known NS-NS binaries with the best observational constraints, including both A and B, we obtain R_g=21_{-14}^{+28} per Myr at 95 per cent confidence from our reference model. We expect the detection rate of gravitational waves from NS-NS inspirals for the advanced ground-based gravitational-wave detectors is to be 8^{+10}_{-5} per yr at 95 per cent confidence. Within several years, gravitational-wave detections relevant to NS-NS inspirals will provide us useful information to improve pulsar population models.
Sweden’s Approach to COVID-19 in the Context of a Poised National Self-Image

At the beginning of the Pandemic, Sweden took a different path from her Nordic neighbours and many other countries, namely by not implementing a "forced mass lockdown" or applying stringent restrictions. This paper sets out to examine Sweden s national strategy for responding to COVID-19. This research seeks to address the extent to which the underlying concepts of Swedish "ethos" and "tradition" influenced or shaped the national strategy to avoid forced mass lockdown during the pandemic. To prevent an enforced lockdown to control the spread of COVID-19, the Swedish government presented a range of different measures, both "voluntary and legally binding". The strategy employed by the Public Health Authority was based on notions of "individual responsibility" and "mutual trust" between the government and the citizenry. The guidelines were often ambiguous and left to individuals to interpret for themselves. © 2022 Centro de Estudos Sociais da Universidade de Coimbra. All rights reserved.
Type 2 diabetes mellitus patients’ knowledge, attitude and practice of lifestyle modifications

Background Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a significant health burden globally, with uncontrolled DM often resulting in short- and long-term complications. Unfortunately, healthcare providers have little control over patients’ necessary lifestyle modification practices outside the consultation room. Aim To determine the level of knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) of lifestyle modifications among patients with T2DM attending the National District Hospital Outpatient Department, Bloemfontein, and identify possible barriers to lifestyle modifications experienced by patients. Setting Outpatient Department at a Free State hospital. Methods Using a cross-sectional study, patients with previously diagnosed T2DM were invited to participate. Respondents completed a structured questionnaire to assess their KAP regarding lifestyle modifications. Results Of the 149 respondents, 64.4% (n = 94) were obese and 24.0% (n = 35) overweight despite good knowledge of lifestyle modifications. Respondents displayed a positive attitude toward physical exercise but less so to adjusting their diets. In practice, 63.4% (n = 83) claimed to exercise regularly, but two-thirds irregularly monitored their weight. The practice of a controlled and planned diet was poor. Perceived barriers to lifestyle modifications included being too busy to engage in physical exercise, bad weather and financial constraints. Conclusion Despite displaying good knowledge regarding lifestyle modifications, the attitude and practice thereof remain poor. It is essential to re-emphasise to patients why it is crucial to engage in lifestyle modification practices and assess whether they are doing so correctly. Contribution It highlights the importance of lifestyle considerations of T2DM patients in the clinical context.
Revealing genetic diversity of Indian mustard (Brassica juncea) for yield improvement

The study was carried out during rabi 2015-17 to understand the nature and magnitude of genetic variability and character association of 45 accessions of Indian mustard. These accessions were evaluated for 16 quantitative traits under standard package of practices. The results indicated high PCV and GCV for 1000 seed weight, stover nitrogen uptake (STNU) and seed nitrogen uptake (SNU) while it was low for NUE. High heritability coupled with high genetic advance as percent of mean was observed for 1000 seed weight, STNU and oil content which indicates the involvement of additive gene action, thus feasibility of improvement through simple selection. Seed yield had a positive and significant correlation with seed uptake efficiency, nitrogen harvest index and NUE. First five principal components gave eigenvalues >1.0 and cumulatively expressed 80.67% of the total variation (Table 2). PCA exhibited that plant height, NBP, number of siliquae in the main branch, nitrogen (%) in seed, total nitrogen (%), SNU and seed yield (Kg/ha) were among the most important traits accounting for more than 50% phenotypic variation. Therefore, these quantitative traits should be considered to enhance yield potential as they will be beneficial to develop promising varieties. Accessions such as IC67693, IC277700, IC268336 and RH-30 were identified to be distantly plotted on the dendrogram, thus more diverse in nature. Donors for various traits were also determined based on their pooled performance e.g. IC267693, IC338494, IC571625, IC339605 and IC571654 for seed yield.
Dentist’s preparedness in practice management during COVID-19 pandemic in Tamil Nadu – A cross sectional survey

Background: COVID 19 has created a major havoc amongst healthcare professionals, mainly Dental surgeons. However, it shall be difficult that Dental services would be denied to the people for long while. Hence, Dental practitioners must be fully prepared before resuming the services. Aim: Thus, the present survey was carried out to evaluate the attitude and preparedness of Dentist in clinical practice during pandemic. Materials and method: This online mode of cross-sectional survey was conducted through google forms among Dentists of Tamil Nadu. A pretested and validated questionnaire comprising 25 questions were used to enquire the sociodemographic details (5), attitude (7), and preparedness (13) regarding practising Dentistry during pandemic. 453 participants responded back and 52 respondents were rejected due to incomplete response. Data collected was entered in Excel sheet, coded, and analysed using SPSS software. Categorical variables are represented as N (%) and Pearson’s Chi-square test was carried out for inter-group comparison with p-value < 0.05. Results: Majority of the Dentists seemed to present with good attitude to face pandemic situations in an appropriate way. It was also found that a statistically significant difference exists among various aspects of preparedness of Dentists in terms of work experience and gender with p (<0.005). Conclusion: In the present survey, the attitude and preparedness of Dentists were found to be satisfactory concerning COVID-19, but some pitfalls exist in the preparedness necessitating the need for approaching towards essential preparedness to handle the pandemic in best possible way.
Metastability: A Potential-Theoretic Approach

Metastability is an ubiquitous phenomenon of the dynamical behaviour of complex systems. In this talk, I describe recent attempts towards a model-independent approach to metastability in the context of reversible Markov processes. I will present an outline of a general theory, based on careful use of potential theoretic ideas and indicate a number of concrete examples where this theory was used very successfully. I will also indicate some challenges for future work.
Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Porous NiTi Alloy Prepared by Integration of Gel-Casting and Microwave Sintering

Porous NiTi alloys were manufactured by integration of gel-casting and microwave sintering. The effects of sintering temperature on porosity, compressive strength, pore morphology and phase composition of sintered samples were researched. The results show that the porosity and the mean pore diameter of porous NiTi alloys decrease with increasing sintering temperature, whereas the content of the NiTi phase, the elastic modulus and compressive strength of sintered samples increase. When the gel body with the solid loading of 50 vol.% is microwave sintered at 1000 °C for 30 min, porous NiTi alloys are obtained with the porosity of 38.9%, the compressive strength of 254 MPa, elastic modulus of 4 GPa, and predominant phase of NiTi. The results suggest that the method is suitable for rapid preparation of large-size and complex-shape personalized products similar to human bones at a low cost.
Relationship between Testosterone and Sarcopenia in Older-Adult Men: A Narrative Review

Age-related decline in testosterone is known to be associated with various clinical symptoms among older men and it is possible that the accompanying decline in muscle mass and strength might lead to a decline in motor and physical functions. Sarcopenia is an important pathophysiological factor associated with frailty in older adults and is diagnosed in older adults as a decrease in muscle strength, muscle mass, and walking speed, which can lead to a significant decline in the quality of life and shortened healthy life expectancy. Testosterone directly interacts with the androgen receptor expressed in myonuclei and satellite cells and is also indirectly associated with muscle metabolism through various cytokines and molecules. Currently, significant correlations between testosterone and frailty in men have been confirmed by numerous cross-sectional studies. Many randomized control studies have also supported the beneficial effect of testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) on muscle volume and strength among men with low to normal testosterone levels. In the world’s aging society, TRT can be a tool for preventing the onset of sarcopenia in older-adult men. This narrative review aims to show the relationship between the decline in testosterone with age, sarcopenia, and frailty, as well as the effects of testosterone replacement therapy on muscle mass and strength.
Structure-Preserving Random Noise Attenuation Method for Seismic Data Based on a Flexible Attention CNN

The noise attenuation of seismic data is an indispensable part of seismic data processing, directly impacting the following inversion and imaging. This paper focuses on two bottlenecks in the AI-based denoising method of seismic data: the destruction of structural information of seismic data and the inferior generalizability. We propose a flexible attention-CNN (FACNN) and realized the denoising work of seismic data. This paper’s main work and advantages were concentrated on the following three aspects: (i) We propose attention gates (AGs), which progressively suppressed features in irrelevant background parts and improved the denoising performance. (ii) We added a noise level map M as an additional channel, making a single CNN model expected to inherit the flexibility of handling noise models with different parameters, even spatially variant noises. (iii) We propose a mixed loss function based on MS_SSIM to improve the performance of FACNN further. Adding the noise level map can improve the network’s generalization ability, and adding the attention structure with the mixed loss function can better protect the structural information of the seismic data. The numerical tests showed that our method has better generalization and can better protect the details of seismic events.
Shared and Complementary Zones of Optimal Functioning (SZOF and CZOF): Theoretical Summary and Guidelines for Practice

Abstract The Shared Zones of Optimal Functioning (SZOF) framework posits that different teams or sub-teams share unique psycho-bio-social states, momentum, and leadership patterns associated with optimal performance. In this paper, a theoretical summary of the SZOF framework is provided and the concept of Complementary Zones of Optimal Functioning (CZOF) is advanced. The notions of Shared Zones of Proximal Development and Complementary Zones of Proximal Development are also outlined. A seven-session intervention plan, based on the SZOF and the CZOF tenets, is described in detail to aid practitioners working with small teams and sub-teams in a variety of sports and performance domains.
Response on hybrid tomato to drip irrigation scheduling and plastic mulching

An experiment was conducted to study the effect of drip irrigation quantity and mulching on crop growth, yield and water use efficiency (WUE) of tomato grown during the rabi seasons of 2007 and 2008. Two levels of drip irrigation (I1, irrigation with V volume of water; 12, with 0.5V volume of water) and four types of plastic mulch (M0, without mulch; Ml, yellow polythene; M2, transparent polythene; M3 black polythene) treatments were applied to tomato planted on a sandy loam soil. Results indicated that the photosynthetic traits such as; chlorophyll content, initial fluorescence (F0), and maximum quantum yield of photosystem II (Fv/Fm) were significantly higher under Ii and black polythene mulch. Dry matter production under drip irrigation with V (100% PE) quantity of water was 33.2% more than with 0.5V. Polythene mulching remarkably improved the plant biomass, and plants mulched with black polythene registered 94.7% higher dry matter over unmulched control. Drip irrigation with V quantity of water (l1) resulted in significantly higher fruit yield (2.71 kg/plant and 847.52 q/ha). Maximum fruit yield (2.66 kg/plant and 851.59 q/ha) was recorded with black polythene mulch. Weed growth under 0.5 V (12) was significantly lower (25% less) than l1. All kinds of plastic mulches gave significant weed control, however, the highest weed reduction (89% over control) was observed with black polythene mulch. Maximum WUE of 49.60 kg/mm-ha was obtained in 12, whereas, among mulches WUE was maximum with black polythene (46.03 kg/mm-ha).
Witnessing #MeToo in Japan: mapping digital footprints in online news comment sections

ABSTRACT Talking about rape is taboo in Japan, where sexual assaults are rarely reported. Shiori Ito, a #MeToo symbol in Japan, broke the silence on rape by disclosing her victimization experience against the public backlash. This article conducts a feminist critical discourse analysis of popular online responses to Ito’s case in Yahoo’s news comment sections to explore the public witnessing of personal rape stories in Japan. Our findings demonstrate that three different discursive positions—victim-blaming, feminist, and reformist in orientation—negotiate and contest the notions of rape. These footprints are characterized by conflicting attitudes toward Japan’s rape culture and patriarchy. The contradictory interpretations generated by witnessing reveal how the Japanese socio-political context restricts and enables critical possibilities for the #MeToo movement. This study conceptualizes these heterogeneous, fragmented, and multifaceted popular discourses as constituents of the digital footprints of #MeToo. These footprints offer insights into the possibilities and challenges of Japanese gender politics.
Improved Recurrent Neural Network Schema for Validating Digital Signatures in VANET

Vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) allow communication between stationary or moving vehicles with the assistance of wireless technology. Among various existing issues in smart VANETs, secure communication is the key challenge in VANETs with a 5G network. Smart vehicles must communicate with a broad range of advanced road systems including traffic control and smart payment systems. Many security mechanisms are used in VANETs to ensure safe transmission; one such mechanism is cryptographic digital signatures based on public key infrastructure (PKI). In this mechanism, secret private keys are used for digital signatures to validate the identity of the message along with the sender. However, the validation of the digital signatures in fast-moving vehicles is extremely difficult. Based on an improved perceptron model of an artificial neural network (ANN), this paper proposes an efficient technique for digital signature verification. Still, manual signatures are extensively used for authentication across the world. However, manual signatures are still not employed for security in automotive and mobile networks. The process of converting manual signatures to pseudo-digital-signatures was simulated using the improved Elman backpropagation (I-EBP) model. A digital signature was employed during network connection to authenticate the legitimacy of the sender’s communications. Because it contained information about the vehicle on the road, there was scope for improvement in protecting the data from attackers. Compared to existing schemes, the proposed technique achieved significant gains in computational overhead, aggregate verification delay, and aggregate signature size.
ABSENCE OF SIGNIFICANT COOL DISKS IN YOUNG STELLAR OBJECTS EXHIBITING REPETITIVE OPTICAL OUTBURSTS

We report Submillimeter Array 1.3 mm high angular resolution observations toward the four EXor-type outbursting young stellar objects VY Tau, V1118 Ori, V1143 Ori, and NY Ori. The data mostly show low dust masses Mdust in the associated circumstellar disks. Among the sources, NY Ori possesses a relatively massive disk with Mdust ∼ 9 × 10−4M⊙. V1118 Ori has a marginal detection equivalent to Mdust ∼ 6 × 10−5M⊙. V1143 Ori has a non-detection also equivalent to Mdust < 6 × 10−5M⊙. For the nearest source, VY Tau, we get a surprising non-detection that provides a stringent upper limit Mdust < 6 × 10−6M⊙. We interpret our findings as suggesting that the gas and dust reservoirs that feed the short-duration, repetitive optical outbursts seen in some EXors may be limited to the small-scale, innermost region of their circumstellar disks. This hot dust may have escaped our detection limits. Follow-up, more sensitive millimeter observations are needed to improve our understanding of the triggering mechanisms of EXor-type outbursts.
From Micro to Macro Gender Differences: Evidence from Field Tournaments

We document that women compete worse against men in field tournaments in over 150 countries and across all ages. Our field setting is the game of chess and we benefit from a large and rich data set to investigate the robustness and heterogeneity of our uncovered gender differences in competition. We find a macro gender gap in every country: there are fewer female than male players, especially at the top, and women have lower average rankings. Moreover, comparing millions of individual games, we find a small but robust micro gender gap: women’s scores are about 2% lower than expected when playing a man rather than a woman with an identical rating, age and country. Using a simple theoretical model, we show how this small micro gap may affect women’s long-run human-capital formation. By reducing effort and increasing the probability of quitting, both effects accumulate to explain a larger share of the macro gap. This paper was accepted by Yan Chen, behavioral economics and decision analysis.
The Role of Baryons in Creating Statistically Significant Planes of Satellites around Milky Way-Mass Galaxies

We investigate whether the inclusion of baryonic physics influences the formation of thin, coherently rotating planes of satellites such as those seen around the Milky Way and Andromeda. For four Milky Way-mass simulations, each run both as dark matter-only and with baryons included, we are able to identify a planar configuration that significantly maximizes the number of plane satellite members. The maximum plane member satellites are consistently different between the dark matter-only and baryonic versions of the same run due to the fact that satellites are both more likely to be destroyed and to infall later in the baryonic runs. Hence, studying satellite planes in dark matter-only simulations is misleading, because they will be composed of different satellite members than those that would exist if baryons were included. Additionally, the destruction of satellites in the baryonic runs leads to less radially concentrated satellite distributions, a result that is critical to making planes that are statistically significant compared to a random distribution. Since all planes pass through the centre of the galaxy, it is much harder to create a plane from a random distribution if the satellites have a low radial concentration. We identify Andromeda's low radial satellite concentration as a key reason why the plane in Andromeda is highly significant. Despite this, when co-rotation is considered, none of the satellite planes identified for the simulated galaxies are as statistically significant as the observed planes around the Milky Way and Andromeda, even in the baryonic runs.