Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
ACOUSTIC TREATMENT IMPEDANCE MODELS FOR HIGH FREQUENCIES

The ability to design, build, and test miniaturized acoustic treatment panels on scale model fan rigs representative of the full-scale engine provides not only a cost-saving but an opportunity to optimize the treatment by allowing tests of different designs. To be able to use scale model treatment as a full-scale design tool, it is necessary that the designer be able to reliably translate the scale model design and performance to an equivalent full-scale design. The key to this accomplishment is the acoustic treatment impedance parameter. Current full-scale impedance models for acoustic treatment panels have been validated by measurement only up to about 6000 Hz. It is the purpose of this study to examine implications of high frequencies on the theoretical basis of the acoustic impedance models and to double the upper limit of validated models to around 1213,000 Hz. Ultimately, it will be necessary to extend the models to 40,000 Hz or higher to realize the full potential of scale model treatment as a design tool.
Data fusion for updating information in modelling drivers’ choice behaviour

In this article, a method for fusing fuzzy data relevant both to drivers’ experience and provided information is presented. Expected travel time is then updated according to the results of fusion. The method takes into account the ‘compatibility’ of data originating from different sources, and provides information about acceptability of results. Influence of uncertainty on drivers’ compliance with provided information is examined in detail, according to uncertainty-based information theory.
Queda de pressão estática por meio de uma coluna de noz macadâmia

As unidades de beneficiamento de macadâmia adotam silos secadores distintos, para cada etapa de secagem, a fim de garantir a manutencao da qualidade do produto pela reducao da umidade a niveis desejaveis. Diante da necessidade de quantificar a resistencia apresentada pelas nozes, submetidas a diferentes fluxos de ar durante a secagem, bem como avaliar a possibilidade de utilizacao de modelos empiricos, que estimem o gradiente de pressao a partir da vazao de ar, conduziram-se varios testes em laboratorio para obtencao de dados experimentais e ajuste de modelos. Frutos de macadâmia (M. integrifolia), com umidade de 0,11 b.s., apos limpeza e classificacao, foram colocados no interior de um prototipo constituido por uma coluna de chapa galvanizada (com tomadas para medicao da pressao estatica), plenum e ventilador, sendo submetidos a diferentes fluxos de ar. Os testes consistiram de tres medidas por profundidade, para cada um dos tres lotes de nozes, perfazendo um total de nove medidas de pressao estatica por profundidade na coluna. Os resultados obtidos permitiram concluir que os fluxos de ar testados apresentaram efeito significativo sobre a queda de pressao estatica na coluna de macadâmia, a qual aumentou linearmente com a profundidade. Os dados experimentais ajustaram-se muito bem aos modelos de Shedd e Hunter, sugerindo sua boa aplicabilidade para a macadâmia.
Experimental study of gate voltage scaling for TDDB under direct tunneling regime

Systematic experiments of time-to-breakdown (T/sub BD/) of thin gate oxides are carried out in this paper for quantitative understanding of gate voltage scaling for TDDB under the direct tunneling regime. It is found that the slope of ln T/sub BD/ has a nonlinear relationship to gate oxide voltage, V/sub ox/, and thus, the conventional constant voltage acceleration model is not applicable for lifetime prediction. A simple model to explain the experimental voltage acceleration factor is proposed based on the anode hole injection (AHI) concept. It is shown that the significant decrease in hole generation due to lowering of the electron energy injected to the anode greatly helps the TDDB reliability.
Free-Stream Characteristics of A Family of Low-Aspect-Ratio, All-Movable Control Surfaces for Application to Ship Design

Abstract : The free-stream characteristics of a family of low-aspect ratio, all-movable control surfaces are presented. These characteristics-i.e., force and moment coefficients, and chordwise and spanwise center of pressure locations - are plotted as functions of the angle of attack for each surface at various Reynolds numbers in both the ahead and the astern conditions. Investigations were made of the following: three aspects ratios 1, 2, and 3; five section shapes, two tip shapes, faired and square; and three sweep angles. Cross-plots were made to assess the effects of these parameters, and semi-empirical equations for the force and moment coefficients suitable for design applications are presented. Also included is a design technique for computing the control surface shaft torque.
Hot-Mix Asphalt Overlay Design Concepts for Rubblized Portland Cement Concrete Pavements

The Illinois Department of Transportation’s (IDOT’s) first interstate rubblization project was constructed in 1990 on I-57 near Pesotum as part of a rehabilitation study. Hot-mix asphalt overlays (HMA OL) were constructed over a rubblized jointed reinforced concrete pavement (JRCP) with a granular subbase. Excellent performance was achieved on the project, which had accommodated 7.5 million equivalent single-axle loads through 1998. Periodically collected falling weight deflectometer (FWD) data indicate the sections have retained their structural capacity and integrity. HMA fatigue distress has not developed. The success of the project prompted IDOT to consider portland cement concrete pavement (PCCP) rubblization and HMA OL a viable and cost-effective rehabilitation option. Rubblization is particularly appropriate for eliminating reflective cracking and for use when PCCP patching quantities are high or concrete deterioration is in an advanced stage. HMA OL fatigue considerations control the HMA OL thickness requirement for rubblized PCCPs. HMA OLs for rubblized PCCPs, generally in the 150-mm to 250-mm (6-in. to 10-in.) range, are thicker than those used in the traditional PCCP rehabilitation and HMA OL projects. IDOT uses mechanisticempirical (M-E) flexible pavement design procedures for full-depth asphalt and conventional flexible pavements. M-E–based HMA OL design procedures for rubblized PCCPs are being developed. In the M-E design procedures, the tensile strain at the bottom of the HMA layer is used to consider HMA fatigue. The structural behavior and HMA OL fatigue performance of the Pesotum sections are used in the initial development of the M-E–based HMA OL design procedures for rubblized PCCPs. Results from other rubblized PCCP projects are being used to refine and validate the M-E design concepts.
MULTIBAND-96: A Program for Variable-Bandwidth Progression Optimization of Multiarterial Traffic Networks

Progression schemes are widely used for traffic signal control in urban arterial streets. Commonly available programs such as the MAXBAND or PASSER programs use the traditional approach, which consists of a uniform bandwidth design for each arterial. The multiband criterion, on the other hand, has the ability to adapt the progressions to the specific characteristics of each link in the network and thus obtain improved performance. The development and application of the multiband signal optimization scheme in multiarterial grid networks are described. The MULTIBAND-96 model optimizes all the signal control variables, including phase lengths, offsets, cycle time, and phase sequences, and generates variable bandwidth progressions on each arterial in the network. It uses the MINOS mathematical programming package for the optimization and offers considerable advantages compared with existing models. Simulation results using TRAF-NETSIM are given.
Safety Analysis of Horizontal Curves Using Real Traffic Data

Researchers are still seeking a better understanding of the parameters that affect safety in horizontal curves. Curves are one of the most critical sections of the road network contributing to a high percentage of serious runoff accidents and lane-changing crashes. Moreover, driving in curves requires combined control of both steering and speed, taking into account the dynamic response and limits of the car. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the safety performance of horizontal curves by analyzing vehicle dynamic signals, such as lateral acceleration and speed, as well as quantitative analysis of lane-changing maneuvers. The study uses real traffic environments where driver behavior and vehicle response data were recorded and stored during regular operations without subjecting the driver to any experimental controls. A total of 96 curves, equally distributed for left and right turn directions, have been collected and grouped according to their radii. The analysis identified frequent overtaking and lane-change maneuvers on the curves, of which 20% more lane changes occurred on right curves than on left curves. Lane-change maneuvers also increased significantly with increasing curve radius. The curve entrance was found to be the most dangerous segment of a curve. Current design practice assumes the safety risk is constant when driving along horizontal curves. The results also showed that drivers consider curve radius in choosing their driving speed rather than the posted speed limit of the curves. The study showed how road design influences the driver's strategy by establishing links between curve features, vehicle dynamic responses, and the driver's behavior. Analyzing road characteristics gave insight into how road geometry affects the vehicle dynamics relevant to safety and driving strategy through curves. The findings are useful inputs for reviewing curve design, selecting appropriate countermeasures, and improving active safety devices.
OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE LIMITS FOR AIRBORNE CHEMICALS IN BRITAIN

Abstract Exposure limits in Britain have legal force as part of the COSHH Regulations, which require employers to assess risk from chemicals and to control it. Compliance with the limits is a definition of adequate control. There are two types of limit, Occupational Exposure Standards (OESs), which are set at a level believed to correspond to negligible risk of injury, and Maximum Exposure Limits Levels (MELs), which are set when an OES level cannot be identified or is not reasonably practicable to achieve. Documentation is produced by a government body (the Health and Safety Executive), but the primary decisions are made by expert committees representing employers, trades unions, and other interests, subject to public consultation and (for MELs) parliamentary scrutiny. The substance reviews are multi-purpose: exposure limits are just one output; others can include proposals for classification and labelling, or hazard and risk assessment under the European Union's Existing Substances review program. The r.
Determinants of Foreign Direct Investment Inflows to Myanmar

The fast growth of Myanmar in recent decades was brought by capital accumulation, supported by foreign direct investment (FDI) and productivity improvement. A vector error correction model (VECM) analysis on the determinants of FDI inflows to Myanmar from 2000 to 2018 revealed the existence of a positive and long-term relationship between FDI inflows, and the quality of public sector governance and human capital development. The result underpins the importance of implementing reform measures to create a business-friendly policy framework to attract foreign investors.
Towards innovation in Living Labs networks

This paper focuses on Living Labs that are open user-centred environments for networked innovation development. Although the concept of open innovation has quickly attracted both the scientific and applied communities, research on Living Labs is scarce, and literature lacks understanding of the characteristics of the Living Labs model. We aim to describe what the Living Labs are from the innovation network perspective. Using a case study of a regional Living Labs initiative, we describe the key participants and their roles in the Living Labs network. In addition, we discuss their motives to participate in the network, as well as the outcomes and perceived challenges of innovation co-creation. According to our findings, Living Labs are a practical way of encouraging open innovation. They are dedicated inter-organisational environments that provide pertinent support for Concurrent Engineering's (CE) networked processes. The integration of users as co-producers in product development is imperative for success in the Living Labs model because it reveals their latent needs and enables unforeseen outcomes.
Corrosion resistance of certain strength wires used in small fiber-optic cables exposed to seawater

Theoretical analyses and the results of corrosion tests on fiber-optic cables with different strength wires and designs are used to evaluate the suitability of the cables as candidates for use on the sea bottom. The strength wires in the cables were made of certain Inconel, stainless steel, and steel alloys and had diameters ranging from 0.008 to 0.015 in. The materials, coatings, and distribution of the wires are reviewed to evaluate their effects on cable failure modes and survivability in seawater applications on the ocean bottom. The initial, final, and average corrosion rates of the candidate cable wires and losses in cable tensile breaking strength over test periods of several months are compared. Wire corrodability, seawater corrosivity, and corrosion mechanisms are discussed, along with the relative importance and contributions of dissolved oxygen, dissolved-oxygen distribution, and crevices. Corrosion of as-received cable samples, of single cable wires, and of cable samples with jackets damaged as might be expected during installation and service life are compared and discussed. Analytical predictions of the cable loss in tensile breaking strength and experimentally measured tensile breaking strengths, including range and amount of loss, are presented. Finally, a basis is discussed for recommending wires made of Inconel 625 over wires made of 316L stainless steel. Nitronic 50 stainless steel, galvanized steel, or ungalvanized steel.
NEW STRUCTURAL SYSTEM FOR EARTHQUAKE RESILIENT DESIGN

The concept of self-centering structure and replaceable structural member or fuse is a new approach of earthquake resilient structural design. The new structural system is not only capable of preventing from failure of the structure and life safety of the occupants during earthquakes, but also quickly restoring its basic function in a short time following earthquakes. Restoring the original position through self-weight or pre-stressing forces, this kind of structures is defined as a rocking or self-centering structure. The replaceable elements of the other new kind of structural system, which includes coupling beams, energy dissipation devices, and rubber bearings and so on, are designed to be inelastic or failure, like a fuse, and to protect the main structure from damage in the region of high seismicity. The authors of this paper will report three different tests on new earthquake resilient structures, which are shaking table tests on a self-centering RC frame, quasi-static cyclic tests on RC wall with replaceable coupling beams and the ones with replaceable foot parts. All of the three new kind structural systems present an efficient resilient ability under severe horizontal forces in the tests.
Compact passively self-tuning energy harvesting for rotating applications

This paper presents a compact, passive, self-tuning energy harvester for rotating applications. The harvester rotates in the vertical plane and is comprised of two beams: a relatively rigid piezoelectric generating beam and a narrow, flexible driving beam with a tip mass mounted at the end. The mass impacts the generating beam repeatedly under the influence of gravity to drive generation. Centrifugal force from the rotation modifies the resonant frequency of the flexible driving beam and the frequency response of the harvester. An analytical model that captures the harvester system’s resonant frequency as a function of rotational speed is used to guide the detailed design. With an optimized design, the resonant frequency of the harvester substantially matches the frequency of the rotation over a wide frequency range from 4 to 16.2 Hz. A prototype of the passive self-tuning energy harvester using a lead zirconate titanate generating beam achieved a power density of 30.8 µW cm−3 and a more than 11 Hz bandwidth, which is much larger than the 0.8 Hz bandwidth calculated semi-empirically for a similar but untuned harvester. Passive tuning was also demonstrated using the more robust and reliable but less efficient polymer polyvinylidene fluoride for the generating beam.
Null steering of linear antenna arrays with use of modified touring ant colony optimization algorithm

A new and flexible method is presented that is based on the ant colony optimization algorithm for the pattern synthesis of linear antenna arrays with the prescribed nulls. Nulling of the pattern is achieved by controlling only the amplitude of each array element. To show the versatility of the present method, some design specifications such as the side lobe level, null depth, and dynamic range ratio are considered by introducing a set of weighting factors in the cost function constructed for the ant colony optimization algorithm. Several illustrative examples of Chebyshev patterns with the imposed single, multiple, and broad nulls are given. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J RF and Microwave CAE 12: 375–383, 2002. Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mmce10034
Backfire/endfire radiation performance of quadrifilar helical antennas

The relations between the radiation pattern and feeding method in quadrifilar helical antennas is discussed. As a result, it is found that by changing the phase of each wire the helical antenna can achieve two radiation modes; both backfire and endfire radiation. These patterns do not have a difference except in radiation direction. Antenna polarisation of quadrifilar helical antenna depends only on the helical winding direction.
Technology, Tradition, and Creativity in Apparel Designers: A Study of Designers in Three US Companies

Abstract Traditional design practices can be difficult to support in a digital world where information is abundant and instantaneous. Though apparel has a long tradition as a hands-on field, designers are increasingly using more CAD and Web technology for speed, accuracy, and cost savings. However, the need for innovation is critical for apparel companies to succeed in a market that has little differentiation. Finding a way to nurture a designer's creativity is an investment in human resources. This research explores the relationship between technology use, use of traditional hands-on methods, and the level of creativity in apparel designers. Twenty-nine apparel designers from three apparel companies responded to a survey to report use of technology or hand methods at work and home and also completed the Abbreviated Torrance® Test for Adults as a measure of creative ability. Results indicated that designers with the highest creativity level (7) participated in more diverse activities at work and at home, engaging in more cultural/learning experiences. Maintaining a work- and lifestyle that supports an environment of exploration may be related to higher creativity levels. It was important to many of these designers to find a balance between the demands for speed and accuracy that are so essential to get work done in a timely manner and the need to carve out time for play and exploration that nurtures the ability to generate new ideas.
Design and experiment of wide area HVDC supplementary damping controller considering time delay in China southern power grid

Inter-area oscillation has become a prominent stability problem in AC connected power systems, but wide area damping control (WADC) has great potential in solving this problem. The main difference between WADC and conventional local control is that in WADC signals are transmitted over long distances, and, thus, the time delay involved in the control loop cannot be ignored. An experimental system was built based on real-time digital simulators, a real WADC system and phasor measurement units, to investigate the impact of the time delay. In the experiments, the WADC was implemented on the Gao-Zhao HVDC supplementary control in the China southern power grid. The results revealed a phenomenon high-frequency constant amplitude oscillation caused by time delay. This phenomenon was successfully explained using the frequency-domain stability analysis method. Furthermore, a compensation block and a band-pass filter were used to prevent the negative impacts of time-delay on the stability margin and the damping performance. The method for designing their parameters is also described. Physical experimental results show the effectiveness of this method.
Wave Analysis and Spectrum Estimation for the Optimal Design of the Wave Energy Converter in the Hupo Coastal Sea

There exist various types of the WEC (Wave Energy Converter), and among them, the point absorber is the most popularly investigated type. However, it is difficult to find examples of systematically measured data analysis for the design of the point absorber type of power buoy in the world. The study investigates the wave load acting on the point absorber type resonance power buoy wave energy extraction system proposed by Kweon et al. (2010). This study analyzes the time series spectra with respect to the three-year wave data (2002.05.01~2005.03.29) measured using the pressure type wave gage at the seaside of north breakwater of Hupo harbor located in the east coast of the Korean peninsula. From the analysis results, it could be deduced that monthly wave period and wave height variations were apparent and that monthly wave powers were unevenly distributed annually. The average wave steepness of the usual wave was 0.01, lower than that of the wind wave range of 0.02-0.04. The mode of the average wave period has the value of 5.31 sec, while mode of the wave height of the applicable period has the value of 0.29 m. The occurrence probability of the peak period is a bi-modal type, with a mode value between 4.47 sec and 6.78 sec. The design wave period can be selected from the above four values of 0.01, 5.31, 4.47, 6.78. About 95% of measured wave heights are below 1 m. Through this study, it was found that a resonance power buoy system is necessary in coastal areas with low wave energy and that the optimal design for overcoming the uneven monthly distribution of wave power is a major task in the development of a WEF (Wave Energy Farm). Finding it impossible to express the average spectrum of the usual wave in terms of the standard spectrum equation, this study proposes a new spectrum equation with three parameters, with which basic data for the prediction of the power production using wave power buoy and the fatigue analysis of the system can be given.
Hazards associated with three signal words and four colours on warning signs

This study assessed perceptions of hazard levels associated with three signal words, CAUTION, WARNING, and DANGER, combined with four background colours, white, yellow, orange, and red. In general, DANGER was perceived as indicating the highest level of hazard, WARNING, an intermediate level, and CAUTION, the lowest level. Greatest consistency was found for DANGER. There was a small but significant amount of disagreement about the relative amounts of hazard represented by CAUTION and WARNING. White, yellow, orange, and red were also perceived as being associated with successively greater levels of hazard. Greatest consistency was found for DANGER with a red background. There was little agreement about the best colours to be associated with CAUTION and WARNING. Ratings on scales of seriousness of injury and probability of injury show that people perceive CAUTION and WARNING to be much closer to each other than to DANGER.