Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Triple-cell lineage tracing by a dual reporter on a single allele

Genetic lineage tracing is widely used to study organ development and tissue regeneration. Multicolor reporters are a powerful platform for simultaneously tracking discrete cell populations. Here, combining Dre-rox and Cre-loxP systems, we generated a new dual-recombinase reporter system, called Rosa26 traffic light reporter (R26-TLR), to monitor red, green, and yellow fluorescence. Using this new reporter system with the three distinct fluorescent reporters combined on one allele, we found that the readouts of the two recombinases Cre and Dre simultaneously reflect Cre+Dre−, Cre−Dre+, and Cre+Dre+ cell lineages. As proof of principle, we show specific labeling in three distinct progenitor/stem cell populations, including club cells, AT2 cells, and bronchoalveolar stem cells, in Sftpc-DreER;Scgb1a1-CreER;R26-TLR mice. By using this new dual-recombinase reporter system, we simultaneously traced the cell fate of these three distinct cell populations during lung repair and regeneration, providing a more comprehensive picture of stem cell function in distal airway repair and regeneration. We propose that this new reporter system will advance developmental and regenerative research by facilitating a more sophisticated genetic approach to studying in vivo cell fate plasticity.
Abnormal expression of liver autophagy and apoptosis-related mRNA in fatty liver haemorrhagic syndrome and improvement function of resveratrol in laying hens

ABSTRACT Fatty liver haemorrhagic syndrome (FLHS) is characterized by hepatic rupture and haemorrhage leading to sudden death in laying hens. Resveratrol (Res) is a natural polyphenol with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects that can ameliorate chronic liver disease. The aim of this study was to investigate the improved effect of Res on the altered expression of autophagy and apoptosis-related genes in laying hens with FLHS. A total of 144 healthy 150-day-old laying hens were randomly divided into four groups: control group (standard diet), HELP group (high-energy-low-protein (HELP) diet), HELP + Res group (HELP diet with 400 mg/kg Res) and Res group (standard diet with 400 mg/kg Res). Histopathological lesions of the liver and the mRNA levels of Beclin-1, Atg5, Atg7, p62, Bcl-2, Bax and Caspase-3 on days 40, 80, and 120 were measured. The results showed that lipid accumulation and hepatocyte damage in the HELP group were more serious than those in the HELP + Res group. The mRNA levels of Beclin-1, Atg5, Atg7, and Bcl-2 in the HELP and HELP + Res groups were strikingly declined (P < 0.01) compared to the control group, and their mRNA levels were markedly higher in HELP group than those in the HELP + Res group (P < 0.05). Additionally, the mRNA levels of p62, Bax and Caspase-3 were significantly increased in the HELP and HELP + Res groups (P < 0.01 or P < 0.05), but their mRNA levels in the HELP group were higher than those in the HELP + Res group (P < 0.05). Collectively, FLHS could induce severe lipid accumulation, abnormal mRNA levels of liver autophagy and apoptosis-related genes. Res as a dietary supplement could attenuate these abnormal changes.
Cerebral collateral circulation in experimental ischemic stroke: from molecular penumbra to collateral therapeutics

Cerebral Collateral Circulation in Experimental Ischemic Stroke: From Molecular Penumbra to Collateral Therapeutics Collateral circulation is a subsidiary vascular network which is dynamically recruited after acute ischemic stroke and may provide residual blood flow to the affected areas, slowing down the progression of ischemic penumbra to irreversible ischemic damage. The anatomy and functional performance of the collateral circulation varies among individuals, both humans and rodents, and is emerging as a strong prognostic factor in patients. Nonetheless, collateral circulation in experimental ischemic stroke is frequently neglected. In the present work, ischemic stroke was modelled by 90-minutes transient occlusion of the middle cerebral artery (MCA) in Wistar rats, followed by 24 hours of reperfusion. During surgery, multi-site laser Doppler flowmetry (LDF) was used for real-time monitoring of cerebral blood flow (CBF) both in the lateral MCA territory and in the borderzone between the MCA and anterior cerebral artery (ACA) territories, where the collateral circulation is connecting these two different vascular territories. The relationship between collateral flow, evaluated by multi-site LDF in the collaterals territory, and the post-reperfusion molecular penumbra, defined by protein expression of Heat Shock Protein 70kDa (HSP70), was investigated. Good collateral flow was associated with reduced extent of both molecular penumbra and ischemic core and increased extent of intact tissue, suggesting a complete protection from ischemic injury in variable areas of the cortex and striatum, if reperfusion is achieved. Conversely, poor collateral status was associated with a greater extent of both ischemic core and molecular penumbra. High variability in infarct size is common in experimental stroke models and highly affects statistical power and validity of preclinical neuroprotection trials. Cerebral collateral flow was explored as a stratification factor for the prediction of ischemic outcome, using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) as a reference. Multi-site LDF monitoring for collateral flow assessment was able to predict ischemic outcome and infarct typology and reflected perfusion deficit in good agreement with acute MRI. These results support the additional value of cerebral collateral flow monitoring for outcome prediction in experimental ischemic stroke, especially when acute MRI facilities are not available. Modulating collateral blood flow in order to augment or maintain perfusion to the ischemic penumbra could represent a new therapeutic strategy for the hyperacute (even pre-hospital) phase, particularly if
Vascular changes after vitrectomy for rhegmatogenous retinal detachment: optical coherence tomography angiography study

To analyse the postoperative foveal avascular zone (FAZ) area, superficial vessel density (SVD) and deep vessel density (DVD) and their correlation with functional (best‐corrected visual acuity, BCVA) and anatomical outcomes (foveal macular thickness, FMT) after surgery for rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) repair.
Modulation of alpha waves in sensorimotor cortical networks during self-motion perception evoked by different visual-vestibular conflicts.

Visually induced illusion of self-motion (vection) has been used as a tool to address neural correlates of visual-vestibular interaction. The extent to which vestibular cortical areas are deactivated during vection varies from one study to another. The main question here is whether such deactivation depends on the visual-vestibular conflict induced by visual motion. A visual motion about the line of sight (roll motion) induces a visual-canal conflict in upright and supine observers. An additional visual-otolith conflict arises in the upright position only, the graviceptive inputs indicating that the head is stationary. A 96-channel electro-encephalogram (EEG) was recorded in 21 participants exposed to roll motion in seated and supine positions. Meanwhile perceptual state of self-motion was recorded. Results showed a transient decrease in the cortical sensorimotor networks' alpha activity at the onset of vection whatever the participant's position and therefore the visual-vestibular conflict. During vection, an increase in alpha activity over parieto-occipital areas was observed in the upright condition, that is, in condition of visual-otolith conflict. The modulation of alpha activity may be predictive of the illusion of self-motion but may also reflect the level of inhibition in the sensorimotor networks needed to reduce potential interference from vestibular conflicting inputs.
Modulation of the rate of force development in hip abductor muscles by neuromuscular electrical stimulation during gait

Abstract Purpose/aim of the study: An increase of hip abductor muscle strength contributes to the increase in gait speed. It is known that the rate of force development (RFD), an indicator of muscle strength, is increased by the combined use of low-intensity neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) to the glutaeus medius (GM) and low-load resistance training (RT). However, it is unclear whether low-intensity neuromuscular electrical stimulation of the glutaeus medius during walking also increases the rate of force development. The aim of this study was to clarify whether NMES to the GM during gait modulates the RFD of the hip abductor muscles in healthy adults. Materials and methods: Twenty-two healthy adults randomly received both gait with sub-motor threshold NMES and gait with sham NMES conditions. The RFD was assessed at pre- and post-intervention. A two-way repeated measures analysis of variance was used to analyse the effects of time and intervention. Results: Gait with sub-motor threshold NMES condition significantly increased the RFD in shorter time interval (0–50 and 0–100 ms) compared to gait with sham NMES condition. Conclusions: These findings suggest that the adding low-intensity NMES of the GM to gait is effective in increasing the RFD of the hip abductor muscles.
The GA-BPNN-Based Evaluation of Cultivated Land Quality in the PSR Framework Using Gaofen-1 Satellite Data

Rapid and efficient assessment of cultivated land quality (CLQ) using remote sensing technology is of great significance for protecting cultivated land. However, it is difficult to obtain accurate CLQ estimates using the current satellite-driven approaches in the pressure-state-response (PSR) framework, owing to the limitations of linear models and CLQ spectral indices. In order to improve the estimation accuracy of CLQ, this study used four evaluation models (the traditional linear model; partial least squares regression, PLSR; back propagation neural network, BPNN; and BPNN with genetic algorithm optimization, GA-BPNN) to evaluate CLQ for determining the accurate evaluation model. In addition, the optimal satellite-derived indicator in the land state index was selected among five vegetation indices (the normalized vegetation index, NDVI; enhanced vegetation index, EVI; modified soil-adjusted vegetation index, MSAVI; perpendicular vegetation index, PVI; and soil-adjusted vegetation index, SAVI) to improve the prediction accuracy of CLQ. This study was conducted in Conghua District of Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China, based on Gaofen-1 (GF-1) data. The prediction accuracies from the traditional linear model, PLSR, BPNN, and GA-BPNN were compared using observations. The results demonstrated that (1) compared with other models (the traditional linear model: R2 = 0.14 and RMSE = 91.53; PLSR: R2 = 0.33 and RMSE = 74.58; BPNN: R2 = 0.50 and RMSE = 61.75), the GA-BPNN model based on EVI in the land state index provided the most accurate estimates of CLQ, with the R2 of 0.59 and root mean square error (RMSE) of 56.87, indicating a nonlinear relationship between CLQ and the prediction indicator; and (2) the GA-BPNN-based evaluation approach of CLQ in the PSR framework was driven to map CLQ of the study area using the GF-1 data, leading to an RMSE of 61.44 at the regional scale, implying that the GA-BPNN-based evaluation approach has the potential to map CLQ over large areas. This study provides an important reference for the high-accuracy prediction of CLQ based on remote sensing technology.
Do Students Really Use Internet Access for Learning in the Classroom?: Exploring Students’ Cyberslacking in an Indonesian University

University students, as ‘digital natives’, use the internet for learning in the classroom. However, the availability of internet access in the classroom becomes a challenge, because students also engage in non-academic internet access during lectures. The use of the internet during lectures for non-academic purpose is called cyberslacking. Self-regulated learning (SRL) and media multi-tasking efficacy (MME) are considered to be important factors contributing to cyberslacking. The participants in this study were students in a private university in Indonesia (N = 423). The results show that only self-regulated learning made any significant contribution to cyberslacking in the classrooms. Further research should be conducted to consider external factors, such as instructors’ contributions, classrooms circumstances and the university policy towards internet usage.
Social and ecological complexity is associated with gestural repertoire size of wild chimpanzees

Abstract Increasing our understanding of primate gestural communication can provide new insights into language evolution. A key question in primate communication is the association between the social relationships of primates and their repertoire of gestures. Such analyses can reveal how primates use their repertoire of gestural communication to maintain their networks of family and friends, much as humans use language to maintain their social networks. In this study we examined the association between the repertoire of gestures (overall, manual and bodily gestures, and gestures of different modalities) and social bonds (presence of reciprocated grooming), coordinated behaviors (travel, resting, co‐feeding), and the complexity of ecology (e.g. noise, illumination) and sociality (party size, audience), in wild East African chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii). A larger repertoire size of manual, visual gestures was associated with the presence of a relationship based on reciprocated grooming and increases in social complexity. A smaller repertoire of manual tactile gestures occurred when the relationship was based on reciprocated grooming. A smaller repertoire of bodily gestures occurred between partners who jointly traveled for longer. Whereas gesture repertoire size was associated with social complexity, complex ecology also influenced repertoire size. The evolution of a large repertoire of manual, visual gestures may have been a key factor that enabled larger social groups to emerge during evolution. Thus, the evolution of the larger brains in hominins may have co‐occurred with an increase in the cognitive complexity underpinning gestural communication and this, in turn, may have enabled hominins to live in more complex social groups.
Pharmacokinetic characteristics and safety and tolerability of a reformulated azelastine hydrochloride nasal spray in patients with chronic rhinitis

Background: Intranasal azelastine hydrochloride (Astelin®, Meda Pharmaceuticals, Somerset, NJ, USA) is a first-line treatment for allergic and non-allergic vasomotor rhinitis with well-established therapeutic efficacy and safety. A new formulation of azelastine nasal spray (Astepro®, Meda Pharmaceuticals, Somerset, NJ, USA), with a sorbitol-based vehicle and sucralose as a taste-masking agent, was developed to reduce the bitter taste of azelastine experienced by some patients. Objective: Two studies were conducted to evaluate the safety, tolerability and pharmacokinetic parameters of this new formulation compared with the original azelastine nasal spray. Methods: In a pharmacokinetic study, 18 healthy volunteers received either a single dose of the new formulation or the original formulation and pharmacokinetic parameters were determined. In a 1-year safety study, patients with chronic rhinitis were randomized to the new formulation (n = 430) or the original formulation (n = 432) to assess tolerability and the potential for adverse effects on the nasal mucosa. Results/conclusions: The new formulation was safe and well tolerated with long-term use and had a comparable pharmacokinetic profile to the original formulation. The overall incidence of treatment-emergent adverse events with the new formulation (48.4%) and the original formulation (49.1%) was similar, with no evidence of increased nasal irritation, nasal septal perforation, severe epistaxis or ulceration with either formulation during the 1-year study.
Effect of Bladder Neck Preservation on Long-Term Urinary Continence after Robot-Assisted Laparoscopic Prostatectomy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of bladder neck preservation (BNP) on long-term urinary continence after robot-assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy (RALP). We systematically searched the PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases to identify studies that assessed the difference in urinary continence and oncologic outcomes between patients who underwent RALP with BNP and those who underwent RALP without BNP. Four trials (1880 cases with BNP, 727 controls without BNP) were considered suitable for meta-analysis. BNP was associated with significantly better urinary continence outcomes at 3–4 months (odds ratio (OR), 2.88; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.52–5.48; p = 0.001), 12 months (OR, 2.03; 95% CI, 1.10–3.74; p = 0.02), and 24 months (OR, 3.23; 95% CI, 1.13–9.20; p = 0.03) after RALP. There was no difference in the rate of overall positive surgical margin (PSM) (OR, 1.00; 95% CI, 0.72–1.39; p = 0.99) and that of PSM at the prostate base (OR, 0.49; 95% CI, 0.21–1.13; p = 0.09) between the two groups. The BNP technique during RALP leads to early return of urinary continence and long-term urinary continence without compromising the oncologic outcomes.
Different expression of squamous cell carcinoma antigens in psoriasis vulgaris and other papulosquamous dermatoses

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Fertility Decline, Women's Well-being, and Gender Gaps in Well-being in Poor Countries

We examined how declining total fertility and women’s increasing median age at first birth have been associated with changes in women’s and girls’ well-being and gender gaps in children’s wellbeing in panels of 60–75 poorer countries using 124–187 Demographic and Health Surveys spanning 1985–2008. In adjusted random-effects models, these changes in fertility were associated with gains in women’s and girls’ well-being, particularly access to prenatal care and trained attendance at delivery, survival at 1–4 years, vaccination coverage at 12–23 months, school attendance at 11–15 years, and nutrition at 0–36 months (for later childbearing). Benefits were equal for boys and girls with respect to vaccination coverage and school attendance. Declining total fertility was associated with greater gains for boys relative to girls with regards to child mortality and malnutrition; however, increases in women’s age at first birth were associated with greater advantages for girls relative to boys on these same measures. Family planning programs in higherfertility societies may wish to encourage equitable investments in children. __________________________________________________________________ ∗ Corresponding author: Kathryn Yount, kyount@emory.edu; Hubert Department of Global Health & Department of Sociology, Emory University, 1555 Dickey Dr.Atlanta, GA 30322 Sarah Zureick-Brown, Emory University, sarah.zureickbrown@emory.edu Nasifa Halim, Boston University, nhalim@bu.edu Kayla LaVilla, Emory University, kayla.lavilla@emory.edu
Upregulated expression of G9a is correlated with poor prognosis of gastric cancer patients

Abstract As one of the most serious cancers, gastric cancer (GC) represents the third leading cause of malignancy-related deaths. G9a is a histone lysine methyltransferase and has been reported to be involved in the progression of some human cancers. In the present study, we aimed to explore the expression patterns and clinical value of G9a in GC patients. The expression of G9a in 142 paired GC tissues and adjacent non-cancerous tissues (no less than 5 cm from tumor edge) was examined with quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). To estimate the association of G9a expression with clinical characteristics of GC patients, Chi-square test and t test were conducted. Kaplan–Meier survival and multivariate Cox regression analyses were performed to explore the prognostic value of G9a in GC. Upregulated expression of G9a was found in GC tissues compared with noncancerous tissues (P < .001). Elevated G9a expression was significantly correlated with patients’ lymph node metastasis (P = .007) and TNM stage (P < .001). Kaplan–Meier survival curves demonstrated that patients with high G9a expression had shorter survival time than those with low expression (log-rank test, P < .05), reaching a median OS of 24 months. According to the results of Cox regression, G9a could be considered as an independent prognostic biomarker in patients with GC (HR = 3.912, 95% CI = 2.213–6.915, P < .001). Additionally, the diagnosis cut-off value of G9a in GC patients was 1.515. Taken together, G9a expression was upregulated in GC tissues and could be an effective prognostic biomarker for GC.
Breastfeeding practices of mothers of young children in Lagos, Nigeria

Objective : To determine the breastfeeding practices (prevalence, initiation and exclusivity) of mothers of young children in Lagos. Methods: This was a communitybased, cross-sectional study carried out in 2010 in two Local Government Areas of Lagos State. Structured, intervieweradministered questionnaires were administered on 600 mothers whom were selected by multistage sampling technique. Data was analyzed with Epi-info 2008. Results: The majority, (91.8%) of respondents breastfed their babies and 59.2% of them initiated breastfeeding within 1 hour of delivery. Eighty-two percent practiced exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) and 52.9% did for 6 months. Formal antenatal care (ANC) (OR 3.27, 95%CI 2.03- 5.29) and institutional delivery (OR 3.63, 95%CI 2.38-5.53) significantly increased early initiation of breastfeeding. These factors also significantly increased practice of EBF for 6 months; ANC- OR 2.54, 95%CI 1.49-4.35 and institutional delivery- OR 1.81, 95%CI 1.15-2.86. EBF for 6 months was significantly associated with lower parity (p=0.020) and higher maternal educational level. Those who had more than secondary education were 8 times more likely to practice EBF for 6 months than those with no formal education (OR 7.65, 95%CI 2.58- 24.28). Conclusion: Breastfeeding initiation and exclusivity for 6 months were inadequate. Promotion of good health-seeking behavior, maternal education and family planning are recommended in order to improve mothers’ breastfeeding practices and infant nutrition. Key words: Breastfeeding, healthseeking behavior, infant nutrition, maternal education, Nigeria