Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Maternal Hypothyroidism-Milk Ejections: What is the Link?

The normal activity for the maternal hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis (HPTA) isdynamic for the developing fetuses and neonates(Ahmed, 2011, 2012a,b, 2013, 2014, 2015a-c, 2016a-d, 2017a-v & 2018a-j; Ahmed et al., 2013a,b, 2014, 2015a,b &2018a,b; Ahmed and Incerpi, 2013;Van Hercket al., 2013; Ahmed and El-Gareib, 2014,Incerpi et al., 2014; Candelotti et al., 2015; De Vito et al., 2015; ElGhareeb et al., 2016; Ahmed and El-Gareib, 2017), especially the function and activity of mammary gland (Varas et al. 2001 & 2002; Hapon et al. 2003 & 2007a,b; Ahmed et al., 2008; Campo Verde Arbocco et al. 2015 & 2016; Pennacchio et al., 2017). Thyroid hormones (THs) stimulate the signal transducer activator of transcription 5 (STAT5) proteins and ovarian hormone receptors-induced the differentiation of the mammary epithelial cell by their nuclear receptors (TRs) (Favre-Young et al., 2000; Zhao et al., 2005; Bagamasbad and Denver, 2011; Campo Verde Arbocco et al., 2015, 2016& 2017). More interestingly, THs, prolactin (PRL), glucocorticoids and ovarian hormones (estrogen and progesterone) can regulate the involution switch process in the mammary epithelial cell by activating several signaling pathways such as mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and JAK/STAT (Li et al., 1997; Lemay et al., 2007;Watson, 2009; Whyte et al.,2009; Bertucci et al., 2010; Bagamasbad and Denver, 2011; Zhao et al., 2012; Campo Verde Arbocco et al., 2017). Indeed, there is reduction in the expression of deiodinase type I [converts tetraiodothyronine (T4) to triiodothyronine (T3)] in the mammary gland to avoid the deleterious influence of any excessive in THs (Anguiano et al., 2004). On the other hand, in the previous studies, several authors demonstrated the association between the thyroid dysfunction (hypothyroidism) and hindering the lactation mechanism (Hapon et al. 2003 & 2007a,b; Campo Verde Arbocco et al. 2015, 2016& 2017). This defect can be illustrated as the following (Hapon et al. 2003 & 2007b): (1) reduced the quality of milk nutrition quality; (2) dysfunction in the milk ejection due to the reduction in the response of oxytocin (OXT); (3) disorders in the accumulation of milk in the alveoli; (4) decreased the growth rate of the litter/pups and increased the litter mortality; (5) milk stasis and mammary involution (Rhoads and Grudzien-Nogalska, 2007; Bertucci et al. 2010; Campo Verde Arbocco et al., 2017); (6) disorders in the levels of all previous hormones and in the expression of their receptors; and (7) disturbance in the signaling of PRL and elevation in the signaling of PRL inhibitors including LIF and STAT3 (Campo Verde Arbocco et al., 2016).
Process‐understanding of marine nitrogen fixation under global change

Diazotrophic cyanobacteria play an important role in the marine nitrogen cycle due to their ability to convert atmospheric N2 to bioavailable N species. With ongoing climate change, N2 fixers are subject to an array of perturbations in their environment. Several previous experiments suggested the abundant N2 fixer Trichodesmium to respond sensitively to ocean acidification as well as the concurrent changes in other environmental factors. The aim of this thesis was to improve understanding of the underlying mechanisms of these responses and determine whether they can be generalized to other diazotrophs. Key processes in the CO2 response of Trichodesmium were shown to include a reallocation of energy between the carbon concentrating mechanisms and N2 fixation, as well as intracellular cycling of inorganic carbon. Comparison of pCO2 effects on functionally different N2 fixers, in turn, revealed high variability in responses between different groups and even species of diazotrophs.
SUBCLINICAL ACROMEGALY DUE TO A PITUITARY CYSTIC SOMATOTROPH ADENOMA.

Objective Excess growth hormone (GH) secretion from a cystic sellar lesion is rare. Indeed, there have been few cases of hormone-secreting pituitary adenomas with a cystic component. Methods We report a rare case of subclinical acromegaly that presented as a cystic sellar lesion on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Results A 34-year-old Caucasian female presented with arthralgias, diaphoresis, paresthesias, cognitive slowing, headaches, presyncope, anxiety, and depression. She underwent evaluation by multiple providers without a diagnosis. Her physical examination was reportedly normal without evidence to suggest acromegaly. While she was undergoing workup for multiple sclerosis, a brain MRI scan revealed a cystic sellar lesion measuring approximately 1.6 × 0.9 cm approaching the optic chiasm. An insulin-like growth factor 1 level was incidentally screened months later and was elevated at 823 ng/mL (reference range is 69 to 227 ng/mL). A subsequent oral glucose tolerance test reported a growth hormone level of 7.5 ng/mL at its nadir (reference range is <1.0 ng/mL). Additional assessment of the pituitary axis reported normal levels of prolactin, luteinizing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, thyroid-stimulating hormone, free thyroxine, cosyntropin stimulation test, and a normal 24-hour urinary free cortisol collection. The patient underwent transsphenoidal surgery and her pathology reported a somatroph tumor that stained positive for GH and alpha subunit. No postsurgical complications were noted and postoperative MRIs did not demonstrate evidence of tumor recurrence. Conclusion Cystic pituitary adenomas can secret GH and may present with no classic clinical features of acromegaly. This case emphasizes the importance of a thorough hormonal evaluation in patients who present with a cystic pituitary incidentaloma.
Properties of universal hashing

The aim of this work is to create a model of hashing with an acceptable worst case time complexity. The model is based on the idea of universal hashing and the expected time of every operation is constant. The used universal class of functions consists of linear transformations between vector spaces. This class has already been studied with a good asymptotic result. This work improves the result and proves that the expected amortised time of the scheme is constant.
Sampling Affects of Software Developers to Understand Individual & Team Performance

Background Software development is human-centred and consists of intellectual activities and teamwork which requires people skills. However, work towards improving individual and team performance has put much effort into improving technology and processes, and less on human factors such as moods or feelings. Affect can be used as an umbrella term for moods and emotions, and this thesis adheres to the dimensional approach of affects, in which valence, arousal, and dominance describes people’s state of feeling. Objective The purpose of this thesis is to understand the impacts of valence, arousal, and dominance on individual and team performance of software developers. Method Experience sampling method (ESM) was chosen for collecting data on affects as it was created to study what people do, feel and think in their natural settings. Data on affects and individual performance was collected with ESM and analysed using manual interpretation and linear mixed-effects model (LMM). Team performance data was gathered using self-assessment surveys and compared with the affect results from the ESM study. Data were analysed using manual interpretation and Kendall’s tau-b correlation. The study was conducted in an industrial setting consisting of 28 developers in 4 teams from Volvo Car Retail Solutions. Results Results showed that valence have a significant impact on individual performance. For team performance, manual interpretation indicated a close relationship between valence and team performance. Conclusions We demonstrated how performance and human factors could be measured, and showed how data could be analysed using a LMM, manual interpretation, and Kendall’s correlation. Results showed a significant correlation between affects and performance. The results introduces a new perspective by including both individual and team performance in an industrial setting.
Expression of Estrogen and Progesterone Receptor Status in Breast Carcinoma Using Quick Score

Background: Breast carcinoma is the most common malignant tumour and the leading cause of carcinoma death in women. The hormone receptor status is important nowadays due to its prognostic and therapeutic significance. The objective of this study was to correlate estrogen (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR) status with clinicopathological parameters like age, lymphnode status, size of the tumour and tumour grade of breast carcinoma. Methods: This study was conducted in the Department of Pathology, Government Medical College, Thrissur from January 2012June 2013. 100 mastectomy specimens were received and analysed for both histological grading and immunohistochemically by quick score for ER and PR markers. Results: Majority of the cases were between 50-60 years of age with invasive ductal carcinoma grade 2. ER, PR positivity in this study was 67% and 62% respectively with both receptors positive for 61% of cases. In this study 55% showed no axillary lymphnode involvement and 45% showed lymphnode involvement with majority cases had size between 2 and 5 cm.
Investigating the problem of underutilization of clinic-based prenatal services in rural communities in the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa.

In its response to the high maternal reproductive morbidity and frequent pregnancy wastage, as well as the general problem of reproductive vulnerability among child-bearing women in South Africa, the government of the Eastern Cape Province has been able to increase the number of clinic-based prenatal services in various hospitals and health centres in urban and rural areas of the province. However, despite the noted increases in the provision of these services, most pregnant women in the rural areas of the province appear reluctant to utilize or still delay prenatal clinic consultations, thereby limiting their opportunity for prevention and treatment of preventable pregnancy complications. The purpose of this study was to explore the factors responsible for this anomaly. The study was carried out in two selected rural communities in the Amathole district, Eastern Cape Province, South Africa. The target communities were Gcuwa and Komanishini. Purposive (inclusion criterion-related) sampling was used to recruit participants for the study. The participants were selected based on the criteria of being pregnant, having given birth or being of child-bearing age. Two instruments were used to collect data: the interview guide and a self-developed questionnaire. The interview guide comprised eleven questions for the focus group discussions. The guide was used to ensure that important themes relevant to answering the research questions were tabled for discussion. The questionnaire data from 84 participants were analysed by means of descriptive statistics. A thematic analysis was performed on the responses from the focus group discussions to identify themes that emerge on the factors responsible for the reported reluctance of pregnant women to make use of prenatal services. The findings showed that the major factors responsible for the problem of underutilization of prenatal clinic-based services in the two villages include: “Lack of money to pay for services”; “Poor road network leading to where clinic is located”; “A lack of transport and the money to pay for it”; “Long distance to be covered”; and “Fear of being bullied or insulted by the nurses”. Implications of these findings were drawn and some recommendations for improved policy and practice and for further research were offered.
High Frequency of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Intensive Care Unit in Karaj, Iran

Objectives: The current study aimed at finding the frequency of MRSA infections, contamination, and colonization in the teaching hospitals of Karaj city, Iran for the first time. Methods: The current cross sectional study was conducted in Karaj on three teaching hospitals from July 2013 to July 2014. Sample collection from personnel and surfaces was conducted twice and monthly, respectively, during the study period. Also, all Staphylococcus aureus species isolated from patients were included in the study. Antimicrobial susceptibility test was performed by the standard disk diffusion method. All isolates were subjected to mupA and mecA-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR)to identify high-level mupirocin-resistant and MRSA isolates, respectively. Chi-square test was employed for data analysis. Results: The majority of S. aureus species were isolated from personnel and surfaces of the hospitals. One hundred sixty-eight S. aureus and 49 MRSA species were isolated from Karaj teaching hospitals. The main frequency of MRSA was isolated from intensive care unit (ICU) (75%) and high rate of resistance to rifampicin (53%) was observed in MRSA isolates. Although 10 S. aureus species were resistant to mupirocin by disk diffusion, no mupA gene was detected in the isolates. Conclusions: In conclusion, in comparison with the other studies from Iran, low frequency of MRSA was observed in the investigated hospitals. However high frequency (75%) of MRSA in ICU indicated that antibiotic policy is urgently needed to prevent the resistance development. Moreover, antibiotic susceptibility monitoring and regular screening surfaces and personnel of hospitals in terms of MRSA colonization, especially ICU, are indispensable.
Anthropometric Indicators in Diet and PhysicalActivity

Lifestyle patterns which include diet, level of physical activity, alcohol consumption, smoking and stress are capable of having both positive and negative effect on various health indicators such as anthropometric, cardiovascular and metabolic parameters of body physiology. This study was aimed at investigating the relationship between diet, physical activity and anthropometric indicators [Weight (Wt.), Height (Ht.), Body Mass Index (BMI), Waist and Hip circumferences (WC, HC) and Waist-Hip ratio (WHR)]. Three hundred and seventy five (375) young adults with a mean age of 21.61±2.168 years were selected using the convenience sampling technique. International physical activity questionnaire and food frequency questionnaire were used to collect information on their physical activity level and dietary intake respectively, following which selected anthropometric Original Research Article Ativie et al.; AJARR, 2(1): 1-9, 2018; Article no.AJARR. 44083 2 indices (Wt, Ht, BMI, WC, HC and WHR) were measured. Statistical measure of association (correlation) and differences in mean were obtained for variables using the spearman rank and oneway analysis of variance (ANOVA) respectively. Results revealed a higher dietary intake in males than females with a statistically insignificant association between BMI, HC, WC and dietary intake. However, there was a positive significant association between dietary intake and WHR dietary intake; and BMI. Result also revealed a negative association between HC, WC and physical activity though statistically insignificant. Proper nutritional habits and improved physical activity levels can positively influence anthropometric variables of health.
Little lifesavers: Can we start first aid education in kindergarten? – A longitudinal cohort study

Objectives: First aid programmes should include not only the transfer of knowledge and skills but also improve participants’ helping attitudes. The aim of this study was to evalute the immediate and long-term effects of a 3-day first aid programme for kindergarten children. Methods: One hundred and eighteen kindergarten children (5–7 years old) from an inner-city kindergarten located in Pécs, Hungary, were involved in this study between January 2016 and June 2017. Training consisted of three 45-minute sessions involving the transfer of theoretical knowledge and practical skills about first aid. Knowledge, skills and attitudes were assessed by means of a questionnaire developed for the study and through observation. Participants were tested before and immediately after the programme and at 4 and 15 months. Results: The majority of children had no prior knowledge in first aid. Knowledge and skills significantly improved immediately after training and remained significantly higher at 4 and 15 months when compared to baseline – calling the ambulance (p < 0.01), performing cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR; p < .01), using an automated external defibrillator (AED; p < .01), handling an unconscious patient (p < .01) and managing bleeding (p < .01). Attitudes towards first aid improved significantly after the programme (p < .01) and remained improved after 4 and 15 months when compared to baseline (p < .01). Conclusion: Beginning first aid education in kindergarten can be useful. Children cannot become professional bystanders immediately following training, but the programme can offer an introduction of first aid. However, the results decreased substantially after 15 months so regular refreshing training should be recommended.
Unsupervised modeling anomaly detection in discussion forums posts using global vectors for text representation

Abstract Anomaly detection can be seen as an unsupervised learning task in which a predictive model created on historical data is used to detect outlying instances in new data. This work addresses possibly promising but relatively uncommon application of anomaly detection to text data. Two English-language and one Polish-language Internet discussion forums devoted to psychoactive substances received from home-grown plants, such as hashish or marijuana, serve as text sources that are both realistic and possibly interesting on their own, due to potential associations with drug-related crime. The utility of two different vector text representations is examined: the simple bag of words representation and a more refined Global Vectors (GloVe) representation, which is an example of the increasingly popular word embedding approach. They are both combined with two unsupervised anomaly detection methods, based on one-class support vector machines (SVM) and based on dissimilarity to k-medoids clusters. The GloVe representation is found definitely more useful for anomaly detection, permitting better detection quality and ameliorating the curse of dimensionality issues with text clustering. The cluster dissimilarity approach combined with this representation outperforms one-class SVM with respect to detection quality and appears a more promising approach to anomaly detection in text data.
Authentication by Touch Operation on Smartphone with Support Vector Machine

In this research, we proposed a method to apply Support Vector Machine (SVM) for personal authentication by touch operation on smartphone. The SVM is one of machine learning that generates a maximum margin separation line furthest from both of the separated sample point clusters. The data is divided into training data and test data, and the authentication accuracy is measured by applying Cross Validation. For four kinds of touch operations: single tap, double tap, swipe, rotation, and six pairs of these touch operations, we compared the authentication rates of each touch operation and pair of operations and measured how the authentication rate changes along with the number of training data and the number of test data. The experimental results show that the authentication rate is as low as 60 to 85% for a single touch operation, but when the pair of touch operations are applied, the authentication rate reaches 95 to 100% at the maximum. It can be used sufficiently for personal authentication. As the number of registered data and test data increases, the authentication rate also increases. However, considering user's burden at registration and the registration time, it is considered that the combination of the double tap and swipe, 20 registered data and 2 test data are optimal in practical use.
Effect of mobile-based supportive supervision on cold chain point management and routine immunization service delivery -

Background: Supportive supervision (SS) as a public health strategy has gathered much consideration in cold chain anagement and effective service delivery of routine immunization (RI). Objectives: In this study, an attempt was made to assess the effect of mobile-based SS strategy on cold chain point’s (CCPs) management and RI service delivery. Materials and Methods: UNICEF supported mobile-based software was used to carry out the SS in Golaghat district of Assam. A total of 15 CCPs and 18 session sites were visited 2 times each in the year 2017. Data collected in the first visit were compared with the second visit to find out whether there was any improvement in cold chain management in CCPs and at routine immunization session sites following SS. Results: We observed a significant improvement in vaccine management and infrastructure handling at CCPs from initial to the second visit. Knowledge and skills of cold chain handlers regarding cold chain management at session site were improved adequately. This substantiates successful transfer of knowledge and skills during SS. Conclusion: The observed improvements in the CCP management practices and service delivery indicate positive influence of mobile-based SS. The improvement in the skills and knowledge of health workers on different components related to CCP management could be due to successful real-time hand holding of cold chain handlers and workers through SS.