Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Defining Tumor Microenvironment as a Possible Target for Effective GEP-NENs Immunotherapy—A Systematic Review

Simple Summary Therapeutic options for GEP-NETs are very limited, and at the same time, the incidence of these cancers is increasing. The evidence has shown that multiple neoplasms can be successfully treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors such as PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors. Crucial to determining a patient’s response to immunotherapy is access to the tumor microenvironment. Currently, there is no consistency regarding the future role of TME and immunotherapy in GEP-NETs. Thus, this review points to the solution in selecting a concrete patient group that, based on tumor features can benefit from immunotherapy. Abstract Neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) are a heterogenous and recurrent group of malignancies originating from neuroendocrine secretory cells diffused on all parts of the human body. Gastro-entero-pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (GEP-NETs) account for most NENs. Considering the abundance of possible origins, locations, and tumor specifications, there is still no consensus about optimal treatment options for these neoplasms. In light of the escalating immunotherapeutic approaches, it is crucial to define indications for such therapy in GEP-NETs. Bearing in mind the significance of pathophysiological mechanisms and tumor microenvironment (TME) impact on carcinogenesis, defining TME structure and correlation with the immune system in GEP-NETs appears essential. This paper aimed to assess the characterization of the tumor immune microenvironment for a better understanding of the possible therapeutic options in GEP-NETS. The authors performed a systematic review, extracting papers from the PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus databases according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Among 3800 articles identified through database searching, 292 were assessed for eligibility. Ultimately, 28 articles were included in the qualitative synthesis. This paper sums up the research on the immune cell infiltrates, immune checkpoint expression, cytokine profile, neoangiogenesis, and microbiome in the TME of GEP-NETs.
Temporomandibular joint disorders in seronegative spondyloarthritis: what a rheumatologist needs to know?

Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) can be affected in the context of spondyloarthritis (SpA) with detrimental impact on individuals’ quality of life. Intra-articular inflammation, synovitis, enthesitis, disc displacement and cervical vertebrae malalignment are some of the pathophysiological phenomena involved. Temporomandibular joint disorders (TMD) incidence appears to be higher in patients with ankylosing spondylitis and psoriatic arthritis, especially when clinical evaluation includes not only imaging but relevant history, TMJ examination and diagnostic criteria for TMD. The Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) pain score and Health Assessment Questionnaire Disability Index (HAQ) quality of life score could be useful tools. Panoramic radiographs and ultrasound can be used for screening but in symptomatic patients magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is preferable. Conservative management and early pharmacological treatment can prevent permanent joint impairment. For refractory cases, early referral to Legislation for Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery (OMFS) specialists is indicated. The aim of this narrative review is to address the involvement of TMJ in SpA and to encourage clinicians to incorporate TMJ assessment in their physical examination and basic screening.
HYDROGRAPH ANALYSIS FOR GROUNDWATER RECHARGE IN THE PHREATIC BASEMENT AQUIFER OF THE OPEKI RIVER BASIN, SOUTHWESTERN NIGERIA

Using hydrograph analysis, the estimation of groundwater recharge to the phreatic basement aquifer of the Opeki drainage basin in southwestern Nigeria, with an approximate land area of 980 km 2 , indicates an annual value of between 29.23 x 10 6 m 3 and 259.09 x 10 6 m 3 , with an average of 134.45 x 10 6 m 3 (i.e.137 mm). The recharge is between 3 and 20% of the total annual precipitation and the baseflow ranges from 6 - 47% of the total annual stream flow with a mean annual runoff (MAR) of 708 mm. The dependence of baseflow on the amount of groundwater recharge is evidenced by a high correlation coefficient of 0.98 and the positive influence of precipitation on baseflow and groundwater recharge, are provided by correlation coefficients of 0.6 and 0.7 respectively. The significant amount of recharge in the study area provides evidence of the considerable amount of groundwater in storage in the basement areas of southwestern Nigeria and on which effective water resources planning and development can be based.
Knowledge and perceptions of physicians and veterinarians about One Health in Türkiye.

Background One Health is a multisectoral and interdisciplinary concept that acknowledges the interconnections between people, animals and their shared environments. Understanding the views of physicians and veterinarians may help promote One Health principles. Aim To assess the knowledge and perceptions of physicians and veterinarians about One Health in Türkiye. Methods This was a descriptive mixed-methods study among 74 doctors and 221 veterinarians in Türkiye. Quantitative data were collected through a questionnaire sent by email to members of the Ankara Chambers of Medicine and the Ankara Chambers of Veterinary Medicine. Qualitative data were obtained through focus group discussions with boards of directors of both chambers. Recordings were transcribed and the data were categorized in line with the questionnaire. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 23.0. Results Few (6.3%) of the veterinarians had not heard about One Health while majority of the physicians (63.5%) had not heard about it (P < 0.001). Most of the physicians (95.9%) and veterinarians (71.5%) had not received training on One Health; significantly more veterinarians had received training (P < 0.001). Most of the veterinarians (73.3%) and a few physicians (35.1%) had applied One Health in their work (P < 0.001). Although participants mentioned other disciplines related to One Health, they had not been involved in any cooperative or collaborative work relating to these disciplines. Conclusion The application of One Health principles by the physicians and veterinarians was limited, and few of them had collaborated with other disciplines during their practice. Joint training and further professional and educational integration are needed in Türkiye to support the implementation of One Health.
Light Scattering through a Drying Coating

Drying coatings undergo internal dynamic densification and rearrangement, which are challenging to discern with optical techniques due to their multiple scatterings of light. Experiments such as diffusing wave spectroscopy (DWS) and laser speckle imaging (LSI) leverage these multiple scatterings to reveal the in situ dynamics of the coating. In such experiments, the knowledge of the sample volume that can be accessed and therefore studied is fundamental, especially in cases of micrometer-scale coating thicknesses. In this paper, we present a robust and reliable method using transmission geometry to calculate the parameter l*, defined as the transport light mean-free path, which is strongly related to the volume of the sample that light explores in DWS and LSI experiments. We show how this dynamic parameter can be measured for liquid and solid film samples and, crucially, in the case of time-evolving samples, such as drying coatings of paint or ink, which has not been previously explored. We present a series of model ink samples and discuss the evolution of their densification during drying through quantification of dynamic l*.
Organizational culture and its underlying basic assumptions as a determinant of response to change : a case study of KwaZulu-Natal's conservation sector, South Africa.

This study was concerned with elaborating theory and informing practice about the process of managing change in organizations. It was premised on the implications of organizational culture and its underlying basic assumptions for strategy, particularly in terms of responsiveness and resistance to change. Harmony between the external environment and an organization's culture was postulated as a critical determinant of the rate of uptake and acceptance of new strategic directions in an organization. Drawing from organizational and critical social theories, past conservation efforts in KwaZulu-Natal were reinterpreted in the light of historical and contemporary developments. The theoretical contribution rests on exploring how basic assumptions, as the core of a culture, may be conceptualized and accessed to examine historically and culturally based meanings of conservation. The practical contribution relates to the need for mechanisms to explicitly address basic assumptions as the core of an organizational culture. Data collection and analysis were informed by the ideas of hermeneutic philosophy, Giddens' Theory of Structuration and Schein's framework of organizational culture. The main source of primary data was interviews that were tape-recorded, transcribed and analysed using a multi-stage process in data organization and interpretation. The analysis involved the identification of common themes and differences in opinion amongst the respondents. Data analysis was done with the help of Nvivo computer software for qualitative research. The software did not effect the analysis, but assisted in organizing the interview transcripts for analysis purposes: facilitating easy storage, retrieval and
Regeneration of some brachiopod shells

Traces of regenerated damages are displayed by some shells of terebratuloid brachiopods, Cancinithyris biplicata (Sowerby) from the Albian of Annopol-on-Vistula. Two main types of regeneration are distinguished: one, involving concentrical accretion of new shelly matter, and another, in which regenerating layer is simultaneously accreted on both sides of a damage, and forms a regenerational suture: the regenerational of the transitional type is also possible.
Structure and effects of a long lived vortex in the Greenland Sea

Direct observations of the velocity field of a submesoscale coherent vortex in the Greenland Sea by a vessel mounted ADCP, together with a detailed and complete investigation of its hydrographic structure, show that within the eddy the hydrographic structure differs from the background and indicate that the entire water column of 3.7 km depth is included in an anticyclonic rotation with maximum azimuthal speeds at roughly 2000 m depth. Within a radius of about 9 km the water layers rotate in a solid body fashion. The lifetime of the eddy is long enough and the exchange between its interior and the background is small enough to result in a persistent and pronounced anomaly with respect to physical as well as biological parameters. Due to the unique possibility in the high latitudes to 'recharge' the eddy by surface forcing during winter and a corresponding long lifetime such eddies represent key areas for future bottom water production.
Warming modulates the photosynthetic performance of Thalassiosira pseudonana in response to UV radiation

Diatoms form a major component of phytoplankton. These eukaryotic organisms are responsible for approximately 40% of primary productivity in the oceans and contribute significantly to the food web. Here, the influences of ultraviolet radiation (UVR) and ocean warming on diatom photosynthesis were investigated in Thalassiosira pseudonana. The organism was grown at two temperatures, namely, 18°C, the present surface water temperature in summer, and 24°C, an estimate of surface temperature in the year 2,100, under conditions of high photosynthetically active radiation (P, 400–700 nm) alone or in combination with UVR (P + UVR, 295–700 nm). It was found that the maximum photochemical yield of PSII (Fv/Fm) in T. pseudonana was significantly decreased by the radiation exposure with UVR at low temperature, while the rise of temperature alleviated the inhibition induced by UVR. The analysis of PSII subunits turnover showed that high temperature alone or worked synergistically with UVR provoking fast removal of PsbA protein (KPsbA), and also could maintain high PsbD pool in T. pseudonana cells. With the facilitation of PSII repair process, less non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) occurred at high temperature when cells were exposed to P or P + UVR. In addition, irrespective of radiation treatments, high temperature stimulated the induction of SOD activity, which partly contributed to the higher PSII repair rate constant (Krec) as compared to KPsbA. Our findings suggest that the rise in temperature could benefit the photosynthetic performance of T. pseudonana via modulation of its PSII repair cycle and protective capacity, affecting its abundance in phytoplankton in the future warming ocean.
Recent Evolution and Potential Causal Mechanisms of Cedar Island, Virginia, 1852-1986

Shoreline mapping was used to reconstruct the historical shoreline evolution of Cedar Island, Virginia in an effort to clarify the debate on barrier island response to sea level rise -- continuous migration while maintaining land mass, in-place narrowing followed by migration, or disintegration over time. Events occurring on the immediately updrift Metomkin Island system also were examined to clarify Cedar Island changes. Data from 1910 to the present show that Cedar Island has remained positionally-stable, while thinning (i.e., losing land area) at varying rates. Island thinning increased significantly after 1962, when updrift interruptions in the longshore transport system were caused by the ephemeral inlet breaching of southern Metomkin Island and attendant sand trapping in Metomkin Bay. A field reconnaissance of Cedar Island showed that the island is not compensating for its land area losses by elevation gains, as remnant dunes are being severely scarped and flattened by overwash.
Moral Distress and Intention to Leave Job with the Attitudes Towards Futile Treatments in Nurses: A Cross-Sectional Study

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between attitudes toward futile treatments, moral distress, and intention to leave the job of nurses. Materials And Methods: This study has a descriptive and correlational design and was carried out with 425 nurses in April-May 2021 in Istanbul. The data were collected using a Personal Information Form, The Nurses’ Attitudes Towards Futile Treatment Scale, the Moral Distress Scale, and the Intention to Leave Scale. Data analysis includes the Kruskal Wallis test, independent samples t-test, ANOVA, and regression analyses. Results: More than half of nurses (51.4%) had never heard of the “futile treatment” concept. The Nurses’ Attitudes Towards Futile Treatment scores had a positive correlation with Moral Distress scores (r=0.295, p<0.001) and a negative correlation with Intention to Leave scores (r=-0.356, p<0.001). Also, Moral Distress Scores negatively correlated with Intention to Leave scores (r=-0.260, p<0.001). Conclusion: The moral distress seemed related to practicing futile treatments. Considering these results, it’s thought that the protocols that hospitals will prepare for futile practices will be an essential step in preventing ethical dilemmas and moral distress experienced by nurses.
EFFICACY OF FUNGICIDES, BIOCONTROL AGENTS AND BOTANICALS AGAINST ALTERNARIA LEAF BLIGHT (Alternaria sesami) IN SESAME CROP

Seed borne fungus, Alternaria sesami associated with sesame is the most destructive pathogen. Laboratory experiment was carried out during Dec.,2017 to Nov., 2018. The fungicides viz., hexaconazole @ 0.2% and combination product of carbendazim 12% + mancozeb 63% @ 0.2%, bio-control agents viz., Trichoderma viride @ 10 g/kg and Pseudomonas fluorescens @ 10 g/kg seed and botanicals viz., garlic clove extract 10% and neem leaf extract 10% against Alternaria blight of sesame var. YLM-17 in pot culture showed that seed treatment with combination product of carbendazim 12% + mancozeb 63% @ 0.2% was effective in reducing the per cent disease index (PDI) of Alternaria blight by 63.20 per cent and improving plant height (44.11 cm), number of capsules per plant (12.53), seed yield per plant (2.23 g) and harvest index (14.17%) when compared to control (without seed treatment). Hexaconazole, T. viride and garlic clove extract recorded 53.12%, 47.48% and 35.90% decrease in PDI, respectively. Sesame seed collected from the pots treated with carbendazim 12% + mancozeb 63% @ 0.2% recorded highest seed germination (99.33%), seedling length (17.37 cm), seedling vigour index-I (1725) and seedling vigour index-II (3.97) followed by T. viride with 98.33%, 16.75 cm, 1647 and 3.54, respectively.
Superplasticizers and Rheological Properties of Highly Concentrated Cement Pastes

With the growing demand for higher mechanical properties and durability, the water-to-cement mass ratio (W/C) of modern cementitious materials is progressively decreasing, leading to poor workability. In this paper, we focus on the effects of polycarboxylate superplasticizers (PCE) on the rheological properties of highly concentrated cement pastes to optimize the mix design for high-performance concrete. Our adsorption measurements show that PCE adsorption at low W/C still follows the Langmuir-type isotherm. In line with the previous work, the rheological measurements suggest that the adsorbed PCE can indeed de-flocculate the concentrated system, which is at the origin of the decreasing yield stress and residual viscosity. Moreover, the residual viscosity scales with the square root of yield stress for a given solid volume fraction. We, therefore, suggest that the role and the action mechanism of PCE should not be affected by the W/C ratio. All the consensuses drawn from previous studies can be applied to highly concentrated cementitious materials.
Kinetic Study of Urban Sludge Using Iso-conversional Kinetic Analysis

Significant quantities of urban sludge generated by wastewater treatment plants pose serious eco-toxicological and environmental issues. Urban sludge collected at different stages of wastewater treatment is generally composed of non-biodegradable organic matter, micro-organisms, and mineral matter in the form of aluminum hydroxide, silica hydroxide, iron hydroxide, and calcium hydroxide. The most common uses of sewage sludge treatment are agriculture and landfill. However, they cause problems related to pollution and recovery of energy and nutrients from sewage sludge, which makes its usage as fertilizer doubtful. Therefore, thermal treatment methods handle these problems through energy recovery and pollutant destruction. In this context, we studied the urban sludge characteristics using X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), and thermal analysis. The results obtained showed that the studied samples contain different mineral fractions of 31% silica (SiO 2 ), 21.4% aluminum oxide (Al 2 O 3 ), and 14.7% iron species, which make urban sludge promising in building materials. Through the heat treatment of raw and limed urban sludge, we observed a complex decomposition process, and the calculated activation energy using the isoconversional method proposed by Friedman showed a significant variation of over 10%, confirming the intricate nature of the sludge. Our findings underscore the need for a comprehensive approach to sludge management, optimizing its potential use and reducing the environmental impact.
Ductal Carcinoma Arising in a Squamous Epithelial Inclusion Cyst within an Axillary Lymph Node: A Challenging Nodal Metastasis

Introduction. Assessment of axillary lymph nodes in breast carcinoma is an important part of staging to guide appropriate clinical management. Lymph node inclusions of different types, including nevoid, squamous, and glandular, are rare but have been reported in multiple different anatomic locations including the axilla. These can result in diagnostic challenges and pose risks of misdiagnoses. Rarely, malignancies may arise intrinsic to otherwise incidental benign nodal inclusions. Case Presentation. We report a case of ductal carcinoma diagnosed within a squamous epithelial inclusion cyst within an axillary lymph node in a patient with pure ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) of the ipsilateral right breast. To our knowledge, this is the fifth report in the literature of breast carcinoma confirmed within an axillary inclusion in a patient with pure DCIS. Evaluation of the primary DCIS and lymph node inclusions, by routine and immunohistochemical stains, was performed for assessment. Discussion. The presence of lymph node inclusions can pose a challenge in assessment of benignity and malignancy, on frozen and permanent histologic sections. Pathologists should carefully evaluate lymph node inclusions to ensure that intrinsic malignancies are not missed within rare otherwise benign appearing incidental epithelial rests.
The Co2 Content of the Tltro Iii Scheme and its Greening

This paper investigates the climate impact of central bank refinancing operations, with a focus the ECB’s TLTRO III program. Notably, we construct a novel database that combines i) confidential data on loans granted by EU banks to non-financial corpo-rations; ii) confidential data on TLTRO III participation and iii) data on sectoral emissions. We find that the emissions content of bank loans granted over the TLTRO III reference period amount to 8% of overall Euro Area 2019 emissions and that more than 80% of total cumulated loans issued in the reference period was directed towards polluting companies. We then investigate the effectiveness of a green credit easing scheme via a general equilibrium model. Our findings are twofold: first, the central bank policy can increase the costs for lending to polluting companies, thus re-directing loans to less-polluting firms; second, the financial stability implications of such a policy should be carefully considered. Finally, we address legal and operational challenges to such a policy by outlining three alternative ways of implementing a “green” TLTRO programme.
High magnesian andesitic/dioritic rocks(HMA) and magnesian andesitic/dioritic rocks(MA):two igneous rock types related to oceanic subduction

This paper discusses two igneous rock types(HMA and MA) related to oceanic subduction based on a brief review of the experimental petrological data.On such a basis,some suggestions are put forward as follows:(1) The utilization of both the MgO % and FeO/MgO(% ratio) at given SiO2 as the diagnostic parameters is emphasized in recognition of HMA and MAl. (2) On the basis of the LF-CA(Low-Fe calc-alkaline) characteristics,HMA and MA may be distinguished from each other by using the SiO2%-MgO % parameter system. (3) Either of the two methods,i.e.,the diagram approach(Fig.23) or the numeric approach(Table 1,23),may be used for the nomenclature of HMA and MA.
Mechanical behavior of porous crushable soils: effect of intragranular porosity

Soils consisting of porous particles, such as pumice sands and calcareous sands, exhibit unique characteristics due to the presence of intraparticle voids. Although significant impacts of intraparticle voids on mechanical behavior, such as reduced single-particle crushing strength and shear modulus in pumice sands, have been reported, quantifying the intraparticle porosity is still challenging. Therefore, the previous research has primarily focused on macroscopic behavior, overlooking the influence of intra-particle voids. This study proposes an analytical approach to quantify intraparticle voids based on particle porosity and size distribution. Rigorous validation using specific gravity, sieving analysis, and compression tests strengthens the proposed solution. Our approach enhances understanding of the intra-particle void distribution and its impact on soil behavior.