Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Autoantibodies and Vitamin Levels: Is A Player Or Not in Pathophysiology of Multiple Sclerosis Patients?

Introduction and Aim: Multiple sclerosis is a demyelinating autoimmune disease of the central nervous system. ANA, anti-dsDNA, and ENA profiles have been used in the diagnosis and treatment of autoimmune diseases. Low vitamin D and B12, and folate levels, and high homocysteine levels are often detected in autoimmune diseases. In the present study, we aimed to investigate these parameters in patients with Multiple sclerosis and Multiple sclerosis like disease, as diagnosed in accordance with the revised McDonald criteria. Methods: The laboratory results of 161 (53Multiple sclerosis, 108 Multiple sclerosis like) patients who were examined for the differential diagnosis of vasculitis/Multiple sclerosis in the last 14 months were evaluated in this present retrospective, cross-sectional study. ANA, anti-dsDNA, ENA profile, vitamin D and B12, folic acid, and homocysteine levels were recorded. Results: ANA levels in 12 patients with Multiple sclerosis and in 34 patients with Multiple sclerosis like disease were positive; however, ANA levels were negative in 37 patients Multiple sclerosis, and 72 patients with Multiple sclerosis like disease. Anti-dsDNA levels in 4 patients Multiple sclerosis and in 23 with Multiple sclerosis like disease were positive; however, they were negative in 44 patients with Multiple sclerosis and 81 with Multiple sclerosis like disease. The mean vitamin B12 and D, and folate levels of 111 patients were found below the lower normal limit, whereas PTH and homocysteine levels were found over the upper normal limit. Conclusion: The present study was the first to report the autoimmune parameters and vitamin D levels in patients with Multiple sclerosis and Multiple sclerosis like disease in Bolu province in the Western Black Sea region. Although ANA positivity comes to the forefront in the diagnosis of autoimmune diseases, high anti-dsDNA positivity in patients with MS-like disease suggests different underlying mechanisms. In the present study, vitamin D and B12, and folic acid levels were detected at the lower limit of normal, and homocysteine levels were found at the upper limit of normal. Prospective studies including a control group, in addition to retrospective studies are required to elucidate the roles of autoantibodies and vitamins in the pathogenesis Multiple sclerosis.
STUDIES ON THE HEMOLYTIC STREPTOCOCCUS OF HUMAN ORIGIN

1. Four common variants of the hemolytic streptococcus of human origin have been described. These have been designated the F, M, attenuated M, and C variants. 2. The F and M variants only have been isolated from the blood stream in streptococcal infections. Only the M, however, has any primary virulence for the mouse. 3. Both these variants resist phagocytosis in human blood under suitable conditions, and this appears to be a reliable test for human virulence. 4. The attenuated M variant, found only in laboratory cultures, has a capsule as well developed as that of the virulent variants, and yet does not resist phagocytosis. 5. The C variant has no capsule and is readily phagocyted. It appears to correspond to the avirulent variant in other species. 6. An attempt has been made to correlate these four variants with those already described in the literature. 7. The application of these findings to the problem of virulence has been discussed.
Clinical and Demographic Profile of Acute Organophosphate Poisoning at a Tertiary Care Hospital in Coastal Karnataka

Background: Acute pesticide poisoning has become a major public health problem world-wide, especially in developing countries like India. Organophosphate poisonings accounts for most of the self-poisoning deaths in southern and central India. Aim: To study the clinical and demographic profile, risk factors, clinical features, complications and factors modifying the outcome in acute organophosphate poisoning. Methods: This study was carried out at a tertiary care hospital in coastal Karnataka. The study included all cases of acute organophosphate poisoning who were more than 18 years of age admitted in intensive care unit during the study period from January 2013 to December 2017. Results: A total of 120 cases of acute OP poisoning were included. The mean age was 39.1± 15.2 years with a M:F ratio of 2.5:1. All cases were suicidal and ingestion was the route of poisoning in all the cases. Poisoning was more common among married population (74.2%), illiterates (58.3%) and farmers (32.5%). risk bradycardia common management may help in reducing the complications and improve the outcome in these patients.
Patterns of malignancies in patients with HIV-AIDS: a single institution observational study

India has the third largest HIV epidemic in the world because of its large population size, with 0.3% of the adult population infected with HIV. at translates to 2.1 million infected people, posing a signicant challenge in the management of these individuals.1 In all, 43% of the infected are currently on highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). 1 ere has been a signicant decrease in the number of HIV-AIDS–related deaths in recent years because of the remarkable increase in the use of antiretroviral therapy.2 However, the prolonged life expectancy in these patients has resulted in an increase in the risk of various new diseases such as cancers. With the complex interactions between altered immunity and infections, the risk of cancers is markedly increased in patients with HIV-AIDS.3 e spectrum of malignancies in this group of patients diers from that in the general population. In addition, the pattern and the magnitude of malignancies dier in dierent parts of the world.4 In this study, we have analyzed the pattern of malignancies in patients with HIVAIDS in a regional cancer center in India. e aim of the study was to analyze the pattern of malignancies in patients with HIV-AIDS based on their age and sex and to document the CD4 counts at the time the malignancy was diagnosed.
Identification of Risk Factors Related to Poor Angiogenic Potency of Bone Marrow Cells From Different Patients

Background— Therapeutic angiogenesis induced by the implantation of autologous bone marrow–derived cells has been used for the treatment of ischemic diseases. However, as the outcomes of cell implantation obviously vary among patients, it is essential to identify patients that would benefit the most from this treatment. Methods and Results— We collected clinical and laboratory data from 25 patients scheduled to undergo sternotomy for various surgical procedures. Then, we aspirated bone marrow cells from the sternum during the operation and investigated the cell quality in vitro by cultivation, and their angiogenic potency in vivo using an ischemic limb model of mice. The angiogenic potency of bone marrow cells differed among patients. Aging, renal failure, anemia, and high serum levels of triglyceride, C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, and type I collagen cross-linked N-telopeptide (NTX) significantly correlated with poor angiogenic potency of bone marrow cells. We assigned scores to these risk factors, .
Drug Exposure Definition and Healthy User Bias Impacts on the Evaluation of Oral Anti Hyperglycemic Therapies

Accurate estimation of medication use is an essential component of any pharmacoepidemiological research as exposure misclassification will threaten study validity and lead to spurious associations. Many pharmacoepidemiological studies use simple definitions, such as the categorical “any versus no use” to classify oral antihyperglycemic medications exposure, which has potentially serious drawbacks. This approach has led to numerous highly publicized observational studies of metformin effect on health outcomes reporting exaggerated relationships that were later contradicted by randomized controlled trials. Although selection bias, unmeasured confounding, and many other factors contribute to the discrepancies, one critical element, which is often overlooked, is the method used to define exposure. Another factor that may provide additional explanation for the discrepancy between randomized controlled trials and observational study results of the association between metformin use and various health outcomes is the healthy user effect. Aspects of a healthy lifestyle such as following a balanced diet, exercising regularly, avoiding tobacco use, etc., are not recorded in typical administrative databases and failure to account for these factors in observational studies may introduce bias and produce spurious associations. The influence of a healthy user bias has not been fully examined when evaluating the effect of oral antihyperglycemic therapies in observational studies. It is possible that some, if not all, of the benefit, observed with metformin in observational studies may be related to analytic design and exposure definitions. Thus, our first objective is to explore the potential impact of exposure definition on estimates of the association
THE PROTECTIVE ROLE OF ESTRADIOL & PROGESTERONE IN MALE RATS, FOLLOWING GASTRIC ISCHEMIA-REPERFUSION.

Background and Aim Ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury frequently occurs in different situations. Female sex hormones have a protective function. The purpose of this study was to determine the function of female sexual hormones on the gastric damage induced by I/R in male rats. Methods Forty (40) Wistar rats were randomized into five groups: intact, ischemia- reperfusion (IR), IR + estradiol (1mg/kg), IR + progesterone (16 mg / kg) and IR + combination of estradiol (1mg / kg) and progesterone (16 mg/ kg). Before the onset of ischemia and before reperfusion all treatments were done by intraperitoneal (IP) injection. After animal anesthesia and laparotomy, celiac artery was occluded for 30 minutes and then circulation was established for 24 hours. Results expressed as mean ± SEM and P <0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results The Glutathione (GSH) concentration significantly decreased after induction of gastric IR (P<0.001). Estradiol (P<0.001) and combined estradiol and progesterone (P<0.001) significantly increased GSH levels. The myeloperoxidase (MPO) concentration significantly increased after induction of gastric IR (P<0.001). Different treatments significantly reduced MPO levels (P<0.001). The gastric acid concentration significantly increased after induction of gastric IR (P<0.001). Treatment with estradiol, progesterone (P<0.05) and combined estradiol and progesterone (P<0.01) significantly reduced gastric acid levels. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) concentration decreased after induction of gastric IR. The SOD levels were not significant. Conclusion These data suggested that female sexual steroids have a therapeutic effect on gastrointestinal ischemic disorders by reduction of MPO and gastric acid, and increasing gastric GSH & SOD levels following gastric IR.
Muscle strength and functional testing after adolescent revision anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: a case report

INTRODUCTION With their increased participation in higher level sports at earlier ages, children and adolescents are sustaining more anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries, requiring reconstruction. With this increase in primary ACL reconsruction (ACLR), revision ACLR also is on the rise, especially in children and adolescents who have a higher risk of rerupture. Postoperative rehabilitation progression, objective strength recovery, functional performance measures, and patient-reported function after primary ACLR have been reported in pediatric and adolescent patients. However, such reports after revision ACLR in this young population are lacking. The aim of this study was to report the strength recovery, performance-related measures, and outcome of an adolescent patient after revision ACLR. According to the guidance of the local institutional review board, this report was not subject to oversight by the IRB and, thus, informed written consent was not obtained.
The causal effect of income on household energy transition: Evidence from a regression discontinuity analysis Abstract

Much of the existing literature contends that household income is a key determinant of the household energy transition towards clean modern fuels. Yet the causal connection between income and fuel choice is difficult to pin down, given the obvious endogeneity bias that may arise from reverse causality and omitted (unobserved) confounding variables that are correlated with both income and energy use. We exploited exogenous variation in household income resulting from a unique natural experiment in South Africaage discontinuity in eligibility for Old Age Pension(OAP) benefitto identify the causal effect of income on fuel choices. Using a regression discontinuity design with categorical outcome, we find that household’s energy choices do respond to changes in income. In particular, we find strong evidence that additional pension income for an elderly person encourages his or her household to shift towards greater electricity use, and to decrease use of both biomass and other traditional fuels. This result remains generally consistent when we disaggregate the results into three major energy services – lighting, heating and cooking – for which these fuels act as substitutes. Moreover, our analysis of the effect of the income transfer on conditional energy demand indicates that consumption of electricity and other energy sources increases overall, suggesting that energy use is a normal good. Overall, our study presents the first causal evidence of the role that income plays in the hypothesized climb up of the energy ladder, in the context of an important and populous middle-income country.
A study to assess the knowledge of mothers in safety of under five children regarding prevention of accidents at PSG hospital, Coimbatore

A study to assess the knowledge of mothers in safety of under five children regarding prevention of accidents Home related injuries are a major cause of morbidity and mortality among under five children who spend most their time at home. major cause of morbidity and mortality in children. Injuries cause almost 40 % deaths among 1-5 year old children and three times more deaths than the next leading cause like congenital anomalies. Accidents represent a major epidemic of non - communicable disease throughout the world. Objectives and method of the study: A descriptive study was selected to assess the knowledge of mothers in safety of under five children regarding prevention of accidents. The study was conducted in Pediatric outpatient department in PSG Hospital, Coimbatore. Convenient sampling technique was used to identify 100 mothers having children under five years of age. The knowledge level of mothers were assessed by structured questionnaire. Major findings and conclusion of the study:Nearly 51% of mothers has children below 1 year of age.Ninety threepercentage of mothers has no history of previous accidents to their children and have not managed any home accidents in the past.About burns in the present study even though (54%) of mothers had adequate knowledge regarding burn injuries 43% of mothers were unaware of the common causes of accidents, 73% had inadequate knowledge regarding placement of electrical- poisoning 61% of mothers had adequate knowledge regarding poisoning in under five children but about 92% mothers were not aware of the prevention of poisoning in children from toys, 60% had inadequate knowledge regarding first aid measure to be taken at event of poisoning.A significant association was found between age of mothers in the age group of 26-30 years who had more knowledge regarding prevention of accidents in under five children and in mothers living in nuclear type of family and was found that they have adequate knowledge regarding prevention of accidents. Mothers of under five children who got information regarding prevention of accidents from relatives also had adequate knowledge on prevention of accidents (P< 0.05). There is a need for health education programs mainly for mothers and other caregivers.
High Blood Pressure Trends in Children and Adolescents in National Surveys, 1963 to 2002

Background— Secular trend data on hypertension in children and adolescents are scarce and inconsistent. In the face of growing obesity, we sought to assess high blood pressure (HBP) secular trends in children and adolescents enrolled in national surveys and to determine whether the HBP trend reversed its course with the rise in obesity. Methods and Results— National survey data obtained from multistage probability sampling of the US noninstitutionalized population from 1963 to 2002 were examined; 8- to 17-year-old non-Hispanic blacks and whites and Mexican Americans were included. HBP ascertainment was based on age-, gender-, and height percentile–specific systolic and diastolic BPs. Weighted analyses were performed to account for the complex design. The BP, pre-HBP, and HBP trends were downward from 1963 to 1988 and upward thereafter. Pre-HBP and HBP increased 2.3% (P=0.0003) and 1% (P=0.17), respectively, between 1988 and 1999. Obesity increase, more so abdominal than general obesity, partially explaine.
Small GTPase RhoA and Its Effector Rho Kinase Mediate Oxygen Glucose Deprivation-Evoked In Vitro Cerebral Barrier Dysfunction

Background and Purpose—Enhanced vascular permeability attributable to disruption of blood–brain barrier results in the development of cerebral edema after stroke. Using an in vitro model of the brain barrier composed of human brain microvascular endothelial cells and human astrocytes, this study explored whether small GTPase RhoA and its effector protein Rho kinase were involved in permeability changes mediated by oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD), key pathological phenomena during ischemic stroke. Methods and Results—OGD increased RhoA and Rho kinase protein expressions in human brain microvascular endothelial cells and human astrocytes while increasing or unaffecting that of endothelial nitric oxide synthase in respective cells. Reperfusion attenuated the expression and activity of RhoA and Rho kinase in both cell types compared to their counterparts exposed to equal periods of OGD alone while selectively increasing human brain microvascular endothelial cells endothelial nitric oxide synthase protein lev.
Timing in turn-taking and its implications for processing models of language

The core niche for language use is in verbal interaction, involving the rapid exchange of turns at talking. This paper reviews the extensive literature about this system, adding new statistical analyses of behavioral data where they have been missing, demonstrating that turn-taking has the systematic properties originally noted by Sacks et al. (1974; hereafter SSJ). This system poses some significant puzzles for current theories of language processing: the gaps between turns are short (of the order of 200 ms), but the latencies involved in language production are much longer (over 600 ms). This seems to imply that participants in conversation must predict (or ‘project’ as SSJ have it) the end of the current speaker’s turn in order to prepare their response in advance. This in turn implies some overlap between production and comprehension despite their use of common processing resources. Collecting together what is known behaviorally and experimentally about the system, the space for systematic explanations of language processing for conversation can be significantly narrowed, and we sketch some first model of the mental processes involved for the participant preparing to speak next.
Factors Associated with Accessing ICDS Services among Women in Rural Rajasthan, India

Background: The Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS) Scheme, launched in 1975 by the Government of India, provides various health services to children and their mothers at ICDS centres. Objectives: The purpose of this study is to understand 1) the extent to which women living in Rajasthan, India utilize services provided by ICDS centres and 2) the factors that are associated with their use. Methods: Freedom from Hunger and Freedom from Hunger India Trust, in collaboration with two local partners in Rajasthan, India, conducted a baseline assessment with 403 pregnant women and women with young children belonging to self-help groups to compare use of ICDS centres with key demographic variables and measures of poverty, food security and nutrition, curative care related to diarrhea, coping strategies, and household decision-making. Results: The results revealed that households that accessed ICDS services were more likely to report receiving nutrition information from ICDS centres, to purchase ORS in the last year, and to give oral rehydration solution (ORS) to children who had diarrhea. Women who decide how much food to serve each family member or spend money without discussing it first with someone else were more likely to receive benefits from ICDS centres. Those who spoke with their spouse about household nutrition needs were less likely to report accessing ICDS services. Conclusion: Interventions aimed at increasing utilization of ICDS centres in this region may find it beneficial to increase female participation in health care decisions, likely through spousal communication and gender relations.
Correlation of Gut Microbiota Profile with Body Mass Index Among School Age Children

Background: The correlation between gut microbiota with body mass index is controversial. This study aimed to explore the correlation between gut microbiota profiles, Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes, with a body mass index in 7 - 12- year- old school aged children, Iran. Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out on school-age children. A total of 188 elementary school children were selected through cluster sampling frame. Data collection tool was the international physical activity questionnaire (IPAQ), therefore, we checked the anthropometric characteristics. Fecal sampling was obtained from all study samples, Langround, Iran. Obese (BMI = 25.8 ± 3.40 kg/m2), normal-weight (BMI = 15.54 ± 1.19 kg/m2), and lean (BMI = 12.79 ± 1.8 kg/m2) among langroud children aged 7 - 12 years. The total stool bacterial genomic DNA was extracted by quantitative real-time PCR (Q-PCR) to determine the colony forming units (CFU) of Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes. Q_PCR data were analyzed by using SPSS version 19.0, and analyzed interpreted statistical exams such as Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient and Kruskal Wallis test. Due to the fact that the data was not normal, P < 0.05 was set as a significant level. Results: Gut microbiota, Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes CFU, and so bact/firm ratio were significantly different among the three group fecal samples (P < 0.0001, P = 0.025, P = 0.004). Bacteroidetes and bact/firm ratio had a significant difference among girls (P = 0.037, P = 0 0013); however, there is no significant difference among boys. The results indicate that there is a significant negative correlation between bact/firm ratio with BMI and waist circumference (r = -176, P = 0.016, r = -151, P = -0.3). Conclusions: The amount of Bacteroidetes and so bact/firm ratio were decreased among obese children; however; Firmicutes increased. It was suggested that obesity in children might be associated with the imbalance of gut microbes.