Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Relaxation Techniques in Reducing Dysmenorrhea in Adolescents

Dysmenorrhea is a lower abdominal pain that occurs before menstruation or during a menstrual period. To overcome dysmenorrhea non-pharmacologically, one technique is deep breathing relaxation. This technique can reduce dysmenorrhea in adolescents because it can relax the body and provide a sense of comfort so that the intensity of the pain felt gradually disappears. This study’s purpose was to analyze the effect of the deep breathing relaxation technique on reducing dysmenorrhea in adolescents. This was a literature review, and articles were found through Google Scholar and Garuda Dikti. The results of the five articles that were identified showed that, before the breathing relaxation technique was carried out, the majority of adolescents experienced moderate pain; then after it was carried out, the majority of adolescents experienced a decrease in pain to mild; there were additional adolescents who did not feel any pain. These changes were significant (shown by p-values < 0.05). It can therefore be concluded that deep breathing relaxation can help to decrease dysmenorrhea in adolescents. Changes can be seen when the technique is practiced for 5-30 minutes. Keywords: deep breathing relaxation, dysmenorrhea, adolescents
SOLVENT EXTRACTION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF OIL FROM AFRICAN STAR APPLE (CHRYSOPHYLLUM ALBIDUM) SEEDS

African Star Apple (Chrysophyllum albidum) is one fruit of great economic value in tropical Africa due to its diverse industrial, medicinal and food uses. Its seeds have also been found to have a number of beneficial uses. In this study, oil was extracted from the seeds of Chrysophyllum albidum using normal hexane as extracting solvent. The extraction was carried out at a temperature of 65 0 C at 3 – 4 hours extraction time. Solvent extraction is known to be the best method of extracting oil from low oil bearing seeds. The method used is aimed at determining the percentage oil yield. At a range of 3 - 4 hours extraction time and a temperature of 65 0 C, the average oil yield obtained was 10.71%. The characterization was conducted to determine the physical and chemical properties of the extracted oil shows that
English medium instruction at Sino-foreign cooperative education institutions in China: is internationalising teaching and learning possible?

ABSTRACT The development of English as Medium of Instruction (EMI) at the tertiary level has been accelerated by the ever-increasing degree of higher education internationalisation. The study, based on a survey with 112 students and semi-structured interviews with 16 instructors collected at a Sino-foreign cooperative education institution in China, explores students’ perceptions of and adaptation to EMI teaching and learning. The findings indicate that students show a positive attitude towards EMI teaching and learning. Students’ motivation and prior English proficiency are important factors that influence their learning experience through EMI. Tailored pedagogical strategies to facilitate students’ learning, an enhanced level of collaboration between EMI teachers and language teachers, and the provision of an immersive sociolinguistic environment conducive to EMI are also instrumental. The study suggests a range of strategies and policy implications that might benefit EMI teaching and learning in non-Anglophone countries that are keen on higher education internationalisation.
Effect on Osteoclast Differentiation and ER Stress Downregulation by Amygdalin and RANKL Binding Interaction

Bone diseases such as osteoporosis are the result of osteoclast over-activation. There are many therapeutic agents from natural compounds inhibiting the formation of osteoclast that have been reported and are continuously being interested. Amygdalin (AD) is isolated from seeds of Prunus armeniaca L. which has many pharmaceutical effects; however, the effect of AD on osteoclast formation and function remains unknown. Therefore, the underlying mechanism of AD on RANKL-induced osteoclast in RAW 264.7 cells was investigated. Molecular docking simulation revealed that AD can bind to the active sites of RANKL with negative binding affinities. Through TRAP activity, bone resorption, and migration, AD effectively inhibited osteoclast differentiation and function. Expression of transcription factors, such as NFATc1, c-fos, and osteospecific genes (including dcstamp, acp5, ATP6v0d2, and ctsk results) showed an osteoclast differentiated inhibitory effect by AD treatment. In addition, RANKL-induced activation of MAPK, ER stress, and ROS levels in RANKL-induced osteoclast was significantly inhibited while antioxidant enzymes were recovered in the presence of AD. These results suggest that AD may be a potential candidate derived from natural sources for the treatment of osteoclast bone-related diseases.
Gross Total Endoscopic Resection of a Left Lateral Ventricle Central Neurocytoma in an 18-Year-Old Filipino Male: A Case Report

Central neurocytomas are rare intraventricular tumors of neuronal origin that most commonly affect young adults. These tumors have a benign course and excellent prognosis after surgery. We present the first documented case of an 18-year-old healthy Filipino male presenting with new-onset generalized seizures and a heterogeneously enhancing left lateral ventricle tumor on imaging. The tumor was completely excised through endoscopic surgery, after which the patient made a complete recovery. Proper selection of cases, coupled with neurosurgeon expertise, solidifies endoscopic surgery as a safe and reasonable approach to achieve gross total resection of an intraventricular tumor.
Public Banks, Public Purpose, and Early Actions in the Face of Covid-19

ABSTRACT With the outbreak of the global Covid-19 pandemic and associated lockdowns, economic activity came to a grinding halt as demands for financial support in health, business, and government skyrocketed. In spring 2020 we assembled a team of experts to conduct rapid response research on how public banks worldwide responded to the Covid-19 crisis. The team employed case study methods to examine cases in the global north and south. A synthesis of our findings is presented here. We conclude that the most promising public bank responses to the crisis were those substantively guided by public purpose. Where public purpose had a more challenging relationship to public bank responses, the responses were more ambiguous and more difficult to differentiate from private banks. This rapid response study also points to promising lessons for how public banks can help to catalyse momentum to ‘build forward better’ and it raises a series of questions in need of further research.
Characteristics Study and Total Flavonoids Quantification of Kareho Leaves (Callicarpa longifolia Lam)

The Callicarpa longifolia Lam. known as ‘kareho’ is one of the plants used by several Dayak tribes for traditional medicine such as antiacne, swelling, wounds, diarrhea, diabetes, and lowering cholesterol levels. This study has obtained scientific data on the characteristics of dried leaves and determined the flavonoids levels of methanol extract of C. longifolia leaves. Characterization includes both qualitative and quantitative examination on the dried leaves of C. longifolia leaves, while the determination of total flavonoid content was determined by the aluminium chloride method and calculated as quercetin equivalent (QE). The results of characteristics observations obtained organoleptic in the form of powder, dark green, bitter taste and have a distinctive smell. Microscopic test of leaves had an actinositic stomata type, ethanol soluble extract content of 17.50 ± 0.10% and water soluble extract content of 16.53 ± 0.37%. Drying loss 8.16 ± 0.25%, total ash content of 5.52 ± 0.06%, and acid insoluble ash content of 0.07 ± 0.01%. The results of phytochemical screening confirmed the presence of saponins, flavonoids, steroids, tannins, glycosides, and phenols. TLC observasions using 254 nm UV light obtained 6 spots and 7 spots appearance on sulphuric acid. It has total flavonoid levels obtained at 7.995 ± 0.050% w/w QE.
Linear and Nonlinear Photon-Induced Cross Bridge/Space Charge Transfer in STC Molecular Crystals

In this work, we theoretically studied the optical absorption properties of a layer-stacked cocrystal heterogeneous material Spe-TCNB cocrystal (STC) which is produced by supramolecular self-assembly of organic conjugated monomers SPE and TCNB. The highly ordered aggregate structure in the cocrystal STC will lead to intermolecular interactions such as π∼π, hydrogen bonds and van der Waals forces, resulting in significant charge transfer characteristics and large cross-sectional two-photon absorption characteristics. The physical mechanism of one-photon and two-photon charge transfer of cocrystal molecules is specifically discussed and the interaction between molecules and their role in charge transfer are quantitatively analyzed. We found that the charge transfer between molecular junctions composed of hydrogen bonds is mainly cross-bridge charge transfer, while the charge transfer between molecular junctions caused by accumulation is mainly cross-space charge transfer. This discovery is of great significance to the design of organic photoelectric functional materials.
Toxicity and biological effects of certain pesticides and natural oils on the peach fruit fly, Bactrocera zonata (Saunders, 1841) (Diptera: Tephritidae)

Toxicity and biology studies were conducted on certain insecticides that belong to different chemical groups, namely malathion (organophosphate group), lambda-cyhalothrin (pyrethroid group), and spinosad (Benzophenyl urea group), and on lemon-grass and sesame oils as natural oils against adult male and female Bactrocera zonata (Saunders, 1841). They were carried out under laboratory conditions, and results were taken after 24h post treatment. Lambda-cyhalothrin was the most toxic on males and females of B. zonata at LC25 of 0.017 and 0.04, followed by spinosad with LC25 of 1.15 and 1.29, respectively. However, malathion was the least toxic to males and females, showing LC25 of 18.53 and 12.24, respectively. The same results were obtained at LC50, as lambda-cyhalothrin was the superior toxicant with LC50 of 0.65 and 1.008, followed by spinosad of 2.56 and 3.53, respectively. Furthermore, the natural sesame oil, Sesamum indicum (Linnaeus, 1753), was more toxic than lemon-grass oil to the males of B. zonata with LC25 of 0.06 and 0.08, respectively. Lemon-grass oil, Cymbopogon citratus (Stapf, 1906), was more toxic to females than sesame oil with LC25 of 0.05 and 0.07, respectively. At LC50, lemon-grass was more toxic than sesame on both males and females. In addition to the biological effects, results showed a significant reduction in the oviposition and post-oviposition periods of adults treated with different tested compounds, compared to the control group. Moreover, all tested compounds significantly decreased fecundity, hatchability, longevity, pupation, and the emergence of B. zonata adults, when compared to the untreated groups.
Stealth Liposomes (PEGylated) Containing an Anticancer Drug Camptothecin: In Vitro Characterization and In Vivo Pharmacokinetic and Tissue Distribution Study

Numerous attempts to overcome the poor water solubility of cam ptothecin (CPT) by various nano drug delivery systems are described in various sources in the literature. However, the results of these approaches may be hampered by the incomplete separation of free CPT from the formulations, and this issue has not been investigated in detail. This study aimed to promote the solubility and continuous delivery of CPT by developing long-lasting liposomes using various weights (M.W. 2000 and 5000 Daltons) of the hydrophilic polymer polyethylene glycol (PEG). Conventional and PEGylated liposomes containing CPT were formulated via the lipid film hydration method (solvent evaporation) using a rotary flash evaporator after optimising various formulation parameters. The following physicochemical characteristics were investigated: surface morphology, particle size, encapsulation efficiency, in vitro release, and formulation stability. Different molecular weights of PEG were used to improve the encapsulation efficiency and particle size. The stealth liposomes prepared with PEG5000 were discrete in shape and with a higher encapsulation efficiency (83 ± 0.4%) and a prolonged rate of drug release (32.2% in 9 h) compared with conventional liposomes (64.8 ± 0.8% and 52.4%, respectively) and stealth liposomes containing PEG2000 (79.00 ± 0.4% and 45.3%, respectively). Furthermore, the stealth liposomes prepared with PEG5000 were highly stable at refrigeration temperature. Significant changes were observed using various pharmacokinetic parameters (mean residence time (MRT), half-life, elimination rate, volume of distribution, clearance, and area under the curve) of stealth liposomes containing PEG2000 and PEG5000 compared with conventional liposomes. The stealth liposomes prepared with PEG5000 showed promising results with a slow rate of release over a long period compared with conventional liposomes and liposomes prepared with PEG2000, with altered tissue distribution and pharmacokinetic parameters.
Feeling Rule Management and Relational Authority: Fostering patient compliance in palliative care consultations

Once conferred by jurisdictions, hierarchies, or credentials, professional authority is now considered relational and probabilistic, drawing attention to actions that professionals can take to encourage client compliance. In this paper, we use ethnographic observations of palliative care consultations to show that professionals suggest feeling rules that correct patients’ lay understandings and in doing so facilitate compliance. Palliative care professionals suggested three corrective feeling rules that validate patients’ emotions and reattribute them to circumstances aligned with professionals’ expert recommendations for care: that patients should fear curative treatment, that patients should hope for pain relief, and that patients and family members should feel guilty for prolonging misery. We argue that authority depends, in part, on professionals’ ability to manage broader feeling rules instead of individual emotions. Given that feeling rule management involves altering meanings of what is considered appropriate, we contend that professionals’ symbolic power and emotional capital underpin their authority in the professional–client encounter.
Effect of free surface perturbation on fully developed smooth open channel flow

Light floater boards are commonly used in open channel flow studies to reduce free surface disturbances. However, the shear layer generated from the surface of the floaters, which has not been considered in previous research, may have unintended effects, and can alter the downstream flow characteristics. This aspect is investigated using particle image velocimetry at Reynolds number of 35,100 by varying the perturbation caused by the floaters. With the perturbation, the mean velocity profiles show a dip and the Reynolds shear stress becomes negative near the free surface. It is shown that, due to perturbations caused by ejections and sweeps of the inverted shear layer at the floater bottom surface, the joint probability density function of velocity fluctuations near the free surface shifts from ejections and sweeps to outward and inward interactions. The data indicate that the shear penetrates deeper into the flow towards the bed with increase in perturbation.
Religiosity and Positive Thinking in Nursing Students During the Covid-19 Pandemic

The Covid-19 pandemic has resulted in many new policies being issued to prevent an increase in the number of transmissions. One of these policies is remote online learning. This is a stressor for students of the Faculty of Nursing, Padjadjaran University because of the adaptation in the learning system. These stressors need to be handled with effective coping strategies, two of which can be religiosity and positive thinking. Both of these are internal factors that are personal to each individual, including students. This study aimed to describe the religiosity and positive thinking of the students of the Faculty of Nursing, Padjadjaran University during the Covid-19 pandemic. Descriptive statistical analyses were used in this study. The research population was active students of the Faculty of Nursing Unpad (n = 856). The sampling technique used was stratified random sampling with a response rate of 56% (n = 481), using an online survey. Data were collected using the Indonesian versions of the Centrality Religiosity Scale and The Positivity Scale questionnaires, whose validity and reliability have been tested. All analyzed data were presented in the form of a frequency distribution table. The results of this study indicated that 281 students (58.4%) had a high level of religiosity. Many students showed a high level of intellectual (51.1%), ideological (86.9%), private practice (62.1%), and religious experience (62%). In addition, 264 students (54.9%) also had a high level of positive thinking. The conclusion from this study is that these students tended to have a high level of religiosity and positive thinking during the Covid-19 pandemic. This needs to be maintained so that these two internal factors can protect and support the lives of respondents, especially during the Covid-19 pandemic. Keywords: religiosity, positive thinking, Covid-19 pandemic
Mental Health of Nurses during the Fourth Wave of the COVID-19 Pandemic in Poland

In the face of the current COVID-19 pandemic crisis, healthcare professionals, including nurses who provide direct care for patients, are at particular risk of mental health problems. The aim of the study was to evaluate the prevalence of symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress among nurses working in healthcare facilities during the COVID-19 pandemic. Materials and methods: This was a cross-sectional observational study. A total of 333 professionally active nurses participated in the study. Data was collected in the period from 10 November to 20 November 2021. We collected sociodemographic data and used the short form of Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS-21) to assess the mental health among nurses. Results: Severe and very severe symptoms of depression were found in 23.1% of nurses, whereas moderate symptoms were detected in 30.3%. High to very high levels of anxiety were observed in 46.5% of respondents, while 25.8% of nurses showed a moderate level of anxiety. Moderate and high levels of stress were found in 35.4% and 14.1% of the respondents, respectively. Contact with a patient suspected of having SARS-CoV-2 infection was a significant predictor of depressive symptoms. Gender, workplace, and contact with patients suspected of SARS-CoV-2 infection and patients with COVID-19 were significant predictors of anxiety, whereas contact with patients suspected of being infected with SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 patients was a significant predictor of stress. Conclusions: High scores for depressive symptoms, anxiety, and stress among Polish nurses during the fourth wave of the COVID-19 pandemic are indicative of a direct threat to the mental health of nurses. Targeted support strategies need to be developed and implemented to prevent the deterioration of mental health in this group.
New CTX-M Group Conferring β-Lactam Resistance: A Compendium of Phylogenetic Insights from Biochemical, Molecular, and Structural Biology

Simple Summary CTX-M β-lactamases are a growing group among extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs), not only in number, diversity, and functional kinetics. Until now, it has been well-accepted five main clusters within CTX-M β-lactamases. These canonical clusters are CTX-M-1, CTX-M-2, CTX-M-8, CTX-M-9, and CTX-M-25. In the present study, we propose a new sixth cluster, CTX-M-151. Abstract The production of extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) is the main defense mechanism found in Gram negative bacteria. Among all the ESBLs, the CTX-M enzymes appear as the most efficient in terms of dissemination in different epidemiological contexts. CTX-M enzymes exhibit a striking plasticity, with a large number of allelic variants distributed in several sublineages, which can be associated with functional heterogeneity of clinical relevance. This observational analytical study provides an update of this family, currently with more than 200 variants described, from a phylogenetic, molecular, and structural point of view through homology in amino acid sequences. Our data, combined with described literature, provide phylogenetic and structural evidence of a new group. Thus, herein, we propose six groups among CTX-M enzymes: the already stablished CTX-M-1, CTX-M-2, CTX-M-8, CTX-M-9, and CTX-M-25 clusters, as well as CTX-M-151 as the new cluster.
Influence of Systemic Therapy on the Expression and Activity of Selected STAT Proteins in Prostate Cancer Tissue

Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription (STAT) proteins have been identified as drivers of prostate cancer (PCa) progression and development of aggressive castration-resistant phenotypes. In particular, STAT3, 5, and 6 have been linked to resistance to androgen receptor inhibition and metastasis in in vitro and in vivo models. This descriptive study aimed to validate these preclinical data in tissue obtained from patients with PCa before and while under androgen-deprivation therapy. Therefore, STAT3, 5, and 6 expressions and activity were assessed by immunohistochemistry. The data revealed that STAT3 and 5 changed in PCa. However, there was no relationship between expression and survival. Moreover, due to the heterogeneous nature of PCa, the preclinical results could not be transferred congruently to the patient’s material. A pilot study with a longitudinal patient cohort could also show this heterogeneous influence of systemic therapy on STAT3, 5, and 6 expressions and activity. Even if the main mechanisms were validated, these data demonstrate the urge for better patient-near preclinical models. Therefore, these data reflect the need for investigations of STAT proteins in a longitudinal patient cohort to identify factors responsible for the diverse influence of system therapy on STAT expression.