Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Science of Computer Programming

Traversal strategies à la Stratego (also à la Strafunski and ‘Scrap Your Boilerplate’) provide an exceptionally versatile and uniform means of querying and transforming deeply nested and heterogeneously structured data including terms in functional programming and rewriting, objects in OO programming, and XML documents in XML programming. However, the resulting traversal programs are prone to programming errors. We are specifically concerned with errors that go beyond conservative type errors; examples we examine include divergent traversals, prematurely terminated traversals, and traversals with dead code. Based on an inventory of possible programming errors we explore options of static typing and static analysis so that some categories of errors can be avoided. This exploration generates suggestions for improvements to strategy libraries as well as their underlying programming languages. Haskell is used for illustrations and specifications with sufficient explanations to make the presentation comprehensible to the non-specialist. The overall ideas are language-agnostic and they are summarized accordingly.
Identification of a 349-Kilodalton Protein (Gli349) Responsible for Cytadherence and Glass Binding during Gliding of Mycoplasma mobile

ABSTRACT Several mycoplasma species are known to glide in the direction of the membrane protrusion (head-like structure), but the mechanism underlying this movement is entirely unknown. To identify proteins involved in the gliding mechanism, protein fractions of Mycoplasma mobile were analyzed for 10 gliding mutants isolated previously. One large protein (Gli349) was observed to be missing in a mutant m13 deficient in hemadsorption and glass binding. The predicted amino acid sequence indicated a 348,758-Da protein that was truncated at amino acid residue 1257 in the mutant. Immunofluorescence microscopy with a monoclonal antibody showed that Gli349 is localized at the head-like protrusion's base, which we designated the cell neck, and immunoelectron microscopy established that the Gli349 molecules are distributed all around this neck. The number of Gli349 molecules on a cell was estimated by immunoblot analysis to be 450 ± 200. The antibody inhibited both the hemadsorption and glass binding of M. mobile. When the antibody was used to treat gliding mycoplasmas, the gliding speed and the extent of glass binding were inhibited to similar extents depending on the concentration of the antibody. This suggested that the Gli349 molecule is involved not only in glass binding for gliding but also in movement. To explain the present results, a model for the mechanical cycle of gliding is discussed.
A numerical twist on the spin parameter, λR

A primary goal of integral ﬁeld spectroscopic (IFS) surveys is to provide a statistical census of galaxies classiﬁed by their internal kinematics. As a result, the observational spin parameter, λ R , has become one of the most popular methods of quantifying the relative importance of velocity dispersion and rotation in supporting a galaxy’s inner structure. The goal of this paper is to examine the relationship between the observationally deduced λ R and one of the most commonly used theoretical spin parameters in the literature, the Bullock et al. λ (cid:2) . Using a set of N -body realizations of galaxies from which we construct mock IFS observations, we measure λ R as an observer would, incorporating the effects of beam smearing and seeing conditions. Assuming parameters typical of current IFS surveys, we conﬁrm that there are strong positive correlations between λ R and measurement radius, and strong negative correlations between λ R and size of the PSF, for late-type galaxies; these biases can be reduced using a recently proposed empirical correction. Once observational biases are corrected for, we ﬁnd that λ R provides a good approximation to ∼√ 3 / 2 λ (cid:2) (R eff ), where λ (cid:2) is evaluated for the galactic stellar component within
Labour tax progressivity and output volatility: evidence from OECD countries

This paper investigates empirically the effect of personal income tax progressivity on output volatility in a sample of OECD countries over the period 1982-2009. Our measure of tax progressivity is based on the difference between the marginal and the average income tax rate for the average production worker. We find supportive empirical evidence for the hypothesis that higher personal income tax progressivity leads to lower output volatility. All other factors constant, countries with more progressive personal income tax systems seem to benefit from stronger automatic stabilisers. JEL Classification: E63, E32, H10
Optimal Taxation and Public Production II: Tax Rules

set out the problem of using taxation and government production to maximize a social welfare function. We derived the first-order conditions, and considered the argument for efficiency in aggregate production. Here in Part II we consider the structure of optimal taxes in more detail. Part I contained five sections, and Part II begins at Section VI. In the sixth and seventh sections we consider commodity taxation in one- and many-consumer economies. In the eighth section we consider other kinds of taxes; and in the ninth, public consumption. In the tenth section we consider a rigorous treatment of the problem, giving a sufficient condition for the validity of the first-order conditions. To begin, we shall restate the notation and basic problem. Notation
Understanding differences across governance models around the world: boards of directors, independent directors and large shareholders

Good governance codes are key mechanisms that identify national best practices and encourage companies to comply with them. While previous studies on codes contributed to explain reasons behind their adoption and to emphasize differences across countries, there is a lack of empirical evidence on which national variables can explain differences in codes’ practices. Building on governance and board literature, we first developed a board index measuring best practices related to board composition, structure and processes. Then, we collected and analyzed corporate 44 governance codes developed worldwide at the end of 2017. Finally, we explored which characteristics of the national governance system contribute to explain the strength of the board index. Our results show that some national variables – mostly common law and ownership dispersion play a key role in determining board practices at country level. As such, our findings have several implications for both research and practice.
Summary for CIFE Seed Proposals for Academic Year 2019-20

(up to 150 words) The problem: The state of the art in computer hardware has not kept up with the astonishing progress rate and requirements of deep learning and inference techniques for vision-based smart buildings. As a result, many existing systems are not scalable, since they pipe unmanageable amounts of raw data from local servers to remote servers. The proposed solution: To prevent this data deluge, custom hardware for smart building solutions must be developed. The most suitable approach will process the raw data locally and forwards only relevant information to a central network that fuses this information for inference and action planning. As part of the roadmap to a custom hardware solution, studies need to be done to assess the constraints posed by smart building applications. The proposed research approach: We will leverage our expertise in hardware/algorithm co-design to devise a custom solution for vision-based smart buildings. Our work will use prior work by Yeung & Milstein (Stanford SoM) as a baseline. We will build an experimental demo system to continue the development of an optimized hardware solution with local machine learning capability. The long-term goal is to design silicon chips that will be as efficient as the custom processors found in modern cell phones, while meeting the unique application constraints for smart buildings.
A Comparison of Event Models for Naive Bayes Text Classi(cid:12)cation

Recent work in text classi(cid:12)cation has used two di(cid:11)erent (cid:12)rst-order probabilistic models for classi(cid:12)cation, both of which make the naive Bayes assumption. Some use a multi-variate Bernoulli model, that is, a Bayesian Network with no dependencies between words and binary word features (e.g. Larkey and Croft 1996; Koller and Sahami 1997). Others use a multinomial model, that is, a uni-gram language model with integer word counts (e.g. Lewis and Gale 1994; Mitchell 1997). This paper aims to clarify the confusion by describing the di(cid:11)er-ences and details of these two models, and by empirically comparing their classi(cid:12)cation performance on (cid:12)ve text corpora. We (cid:12)nd that the multi-variate Bernoulli performs well with small vocabulary sizes, but that the multinomial performs usually performs even better at larger vocabulary sizes|providing on average a 27% reduction in error over the multi-variate Bernoulli model at any vocabulary size.
Marketing Mix on Customer Satisfaction at the Tax Consulting Office Dr. Sudarno, S.Pd., M.M., BKP and Colleagues Pekanbaru

Research is to identify and analyze the effect of the marketing mix on customer satisfaction partially and simultaneously at the tax consultant office of Dr. Sudarno, S.Pd. , M.M. , BKP and partners Pekanbaru. The research sample was all clients of the tax consultant office of Dr. Sudarno, S.Pd. , M.M. , BKP and partners in Pekanbaru city as many as 86 clients consisting of 44 corporate income tax and 42 income tax clients. Determination of the sample using the census method or saturated sampling. The data analysis technique used is multiple linear regression with SPSS Windows 19. The independent variables are product, price, place, promotion, people, process, and physical evidence while the dependent variable is customer satisfaction. The results showed that product, promotion, people, process, and physical evidence had a significant positive effect both partially and simultaneously on customer satisfaction. However, the results of the study also show that the price variable has a significant negative effect on customer satisfaction and the location variable has an insignificant negative either partially or simultaneously on customer satisfaction at the tax consultant office Dr. Sudarno, S.Pd. , M.M. , BKP and colleagues Pekanbaru.
Female-driven mechanisms , ejaculate size and quality contribute to the lower fertility of sex-ratio distorter males in Drosophila simulans

Like all articles in BMC journals, this peer-reviewed article was published immediately upon acceptance. It can be downloaded, printed and distributed freely for any purposes (see copyright notice below). Articles in BMC journals are listed in PubMed and archived at PubMed Central. For information about publishing your research in BMC journals or any BioMed Central journal, go to http://www.biomedcentral. com/info/authors/ BMC Evolutionary Biology
N EW Y ORK U NIVERSITY S CHOOL OF L AW

—Data visualization has been used extensively to inform users. However, little research has been done to examine the effects of data visualization in inﬂuencing users or in making a message more persuasive. In this study, we present experimental research to ﬁll this gap and present an evidence-based analysis of persuasive visualization. We built on persuasion research from psychology and user interfaces literature in order to explore the persuasive effects of visualization. In this experimental study we deﬁne the circumstances under which data visualization can make a message more persuasive, propose hypotheses, and perform quantitative and qualitative analyses on studies conducted to test these hypotheses. We compare visual treatments with data presented through barcharts and linecharts on the one hand, treatments with data presented through tables on the other, and then evaluate their persuasiveness. The ﬁndings represent a ﬁrst step in exploring the effectiveness of persuasive visualization.
Relationship between Dual Innovation Ability and Scientific Research Performance of High-Level Talents in Colleges and Universities *

There is a close relationship between dual innovation ability and scientific research performance of high-level talents in colleges and universities. This paper uses the method of empirical research and uses SPSS21.0 for questionnaire analysis. The research results show that the dual-innovation ability of high-level talents in colleges and universities consists of two dimensions: exploratory innovation ability and utilization innovation ability. The research performance consists of two dimensions: subjective performance and objective performance. The dual innovation ability of high-level talents in colleges and universities is significantly related to scientific research performance; the exploratory innovation ability and utilization innovation ability are also closely related to scientific research performance; dual innovation ability is also significantly related to subjective performance and objective performance.
Digital Commons@Georgia Southern Digital Commons@Georgia Southern

: This paper examines the efﬁcacy of telemedicine (TM) technology compared to traditional face-to-face (F2F) visits as an alternative healthcare delivery service for managing diabetes in populations residing in urban medically underserved areas (UMUPAs). Retrospective electronic patient health records (ePHR) with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) were examined from 1 January 2019 to 30 June 2021. Multiple linear regression models indicated that T2DM patients with uncontrolled diabetes utilizing TM were similar to traditional visits in lowering hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels. The healthcare service type signiﬁcantly predicted HbA1c % values, as the regression coefﬁcient for TM (vs. F2F) showed a signiﬁcant negative association (B = − 0.339, p < 0.001), suggesting that patients using TM were likely to have 0.34 lower HbA1c % values on average when compared with F2F visits. The regression coefﬁcient for female (vs. male) gender showed a positive association (B = 0.190, p < 0.034), with HbA1c % levels showing that female patients had 0.19 higher HbA1c levels than males. Age (B = − 0.026, p < 0.001) was a signiﬁcant predictor of HbA1c % levels, with 0.026 lower HbA1c % levels for each year’s increase in age. Black adults (B = 0.888, p < 0.001), on average, were more likely to have 0.888 higher HbA1c % levels when compared with White adults.
G T / 0 30 42 28 v 2 1 5 Ju n 20 03 The rack space

The main result of this paper is a new classification theorem for links (smooth embeddings in codimension 2). The classifying space is the rack space (defined in [10]) and the classifying bundle is the first James bundle (defined in [12]). We investigate the algebraic topology of this classifying space and report on calculations given elsewhere. Apart from defining many new knot and link invariants (including generalised James–Hopf invariants), the classification theorem has some unexpected applications. We give a combinatorial interpretation for π2 of a complex which can be used for calculations and some new interpretations of the higher homotopy groups of the 3–sphere. We also give a cobordism classification of virtual links. AMS Classification 55Q40, 57M25; 57Q45, 57R15, 57R20, 57R40
Effect of Wrinkle Free Finishing of Cotton Twill Fabric

Wrinkle free finishing is a widely used functional finishing process to produce wrinkle-resistant cotton fabrics at the expense of tearing strength of fabrics. In this research, full factors and orthogonal experiments were carried out to invesitgate the mechnism between the wrinkle recovery and tearing strength of cotton fabrics. Wrinkle recovery angle (WRA) was tested by AATCC Test Method 66–2003. Fabric tearing strength, interwoven resistance, and yarn strength were tested before and after resin treatment by a tensile testing machine. By full factors experiment, it was found that the specimen could achieve its best wrinkle-free performance at 110°C curing temperature, 2.5 minutes curing time, 80% pick-up percentage and 60g/l resin concentration considering fabric tearing strength. It is found out that after resin treatment in optimum condition, it could effectively improve the WRA and at the same time with the minimum lose of tearing strength of fabric.
REEF: Retainable Evaluator Execution Framework

In this demo proposal, we describe REEF, a framework that makes it easy to implement scalable, fault-tolerant runtime environments for a range of computational models. We will demonstrate diverse workloads, including extract-transform-load MapReduce jobs, iterative machine learning algorithms, and ad-hoc declarative query processing. At its core, REEF builds atop YARN (Apache Hadoop 2's resource manager) to provide retainable hardware resources with lifetimes that are decoupled from those of computational tasks. This allows us to build persistent (cross-job) caches and cluster-wide services, but, more importantly, supports high-performance iterative graph processing and machine learning algorithms. Unlike existing systems, REEF aims for composability of jobs across computational models, providing significant performance and usability gains, even with legacy code. REEF includes a library of interoperable data management primitives optimized for communication and data movement (which are distinct from storage locality). The library also allows REEF applications to access external services, such as user-facing relational databases. We were careful to decouple lower levels of REEF from the data models and semantics of systems built atop it. The result was two new standalone systems: Tang, a configuration manager and dependency injector, and Wake, a state-of-the-art event-driven programming and data movement framework. Both are language independent, allowing REEF to bridge the JVM and . NET.
Statistical determinants of visuomotor adaptation in a virtual reality three-1 dimensional environment

16 17 Recent advances in virtual reality (VR) technology allow motor control studies to investigate movement 18 variety in a controlled 3D environment. However, visuomotor adaptation paradigms for arm reaches in a 19 3D space are still scarcely investigated. Elucidating these adaptations is important to further our 20 understanding, predicting and hence, rehabilitating everyday movement behavior in humans suffering 21 from motor deficits. We test how well optimal integration theory that was extrapolated from 1D and 2D 22 settings extends to movements in 3D space; specifically, if and how a subject’s variability in planning and 23 sensory perception will influence motor adaptation. We test this hypothesis without introducing 24 artificial (experimentally induced) variability. Instead, we exploit the natural anisotropy in sensory 25 performance along different dimensions relative to the body. We use a virtual reality (VR) setup to 26 compare the subject’s adaptation of their 3D movements to perturbations applied separately in sagittal, 27 coronal and horizontal planes. We found that subjects adapt best to perturbations in the coronal plane, 28 i.e. when the depth component of the movement is unaffected, followed by sagittal then horizontal 29 perturbations. To characterize how the adaptation rate selectively depends on planning and sensory 30 uncertainty along different body axes, we developed a novel hierarchical two-state space model using 31 Bayesian
A P ] 1 5 Ju l 2 01 4 GRADIENT ESTIMATES , POINCARÉ INEQUALITIES , DE GIORGI PROPERTY AND THEIR CONSEQUENCES

On a doubling metric measure space endowed with a “carré du champ”, we consider L estimates (Gp) of the gradient of the heat kernel and scale-invariant L Poincaré inequalities (Pp) for p ≥ 2. We show that the combination of (Gp) and (Pp) always implies the Gaussian heat kernel upper bound and the L boundedness of the Riesz transform (Rp). Moreover, this combination is shown to also yield the matching heat kernel lower bound if p > ν, where ν is the doubling exponent. If p ≤ ν, the same implication holds under the additional assumption of a L De Giorgi type property. As a by-product, we give a shorter proof of the well-known fact that the L Poincaré inequality implies Gaussian upper and lower bounds of the heat kernel as well as of the main result in [47]. Instrumental in our approach is a new notion of L Hölder regularity for a semigroup. Finally we improve known results on the L boundedness of the Riesz transform for p > 2.
Rethinking Complex Neural Network Architectures for Document Classification

Neural network models for many NLP tasks have grown increasingly complex in recent years, making training and deployment more difficult. A number of recent papers have questioned the necessity of such architectures and found that well-executed, simpler models are quite effective. We show that this is also the case for document classification: in a large-scale reproducibility study of several recent neural models, we find that a simple BiLSTM architecture with appropriate regularization yields accuracy and F1 that are either competitive or exceed the state of the art on four standard benchmark datasets. Surprisingly, our simple model is able to achieve these results without attention mechanisms. While these regularization techniques, borrowed from language modeling, are not novel, to our knowledge we are the first to apply them in this context. Our work provides an open-source platform and the foundation for future work in document classification.
Are Banks And Stock Markets Positively Related? Empirical Evidence From South Africa

In this study, we examine the relationship between banks and stock market development in South Africa. The study attempts to answer one critical question: Are banks and stock markets positively related in South Africa? The bank development is proxied by the ratio of the domestic credit to the private sector to GDP (DCP/GDP), while the stock market development is proxied by the ratio of the stock market capitalisation to GDP (CAP/GDP). Unlike the majority of the previous studies, the current study uses the newly introduced ARDL-Bounds testing approach, as proposed by Pesaran et al. (2001), to examine this linkage. The empirical results show that there is a distinct positive relationship between banks and stock markets in South Africa. The results apply irrespective of whether the model is estimated in the short run or in the long run. Other results show that in the short run, the stock market development in South Africa is positively determined by the level of savings, but negatively affected by the rate of inflation and the lagged values of the stock market development. However, in the long run, the stock market is positively determined by real income and the inflation rate.
Observational Interpretation of Casl Specifications

MICHEL BIDOIT†, DONALD SANNELLA‡ and ANDRZEJ TARLECKI§ † Laboratoire Spécification et Vérification, CNRS & ENS de Cachan, France Website: www.lsv. ens-cachan.fr/~bidoit/ ‡ Laboratory for Foundations of Computer Science, University of Edinburgh, UK Website: homepages.inf. ed.ac. uk/dts/ § Institute of Informatics, Warsaw University, and Institute of Computer Science, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland Website: www.mimuw. edu.pl/~tarlecki/
Effect of Potash Application on Early Ripening and Yield of Cabbage

Due to its cold resistance, short growing time, and rapid biomass accumulation, cabbage has become an important early spring as well as summer vegetable crop grown in north China. The area under cultivation has increased recently. Cabbage is classified as a K loving plant because of its high K requirement. From K fertilization field trials conducted in the Tianjin area of China, it was noted that K application exhibited a significant effect on promoting early uniform ripening and head size as well as increasing cabbage yield.