Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Molecular-dynamics simulation of thermal conductivity of silicon crystals

We investigate the thermal conductivity of bulk silicon crystals based on molecular-dynamics (MD) simulations. If it is taken that the system size must be larger than the phonon mean free path, several hundreds of millions of atoms must be computed for crystals with large thermal conductivity values such as Si. We demonstrate in this work that the thermal conductivity of Si crystals can be simulated by MD techniques using several thousands of atoms with periodic boundary conditions. We identify that the key issues generating size artifacts in small molecular-dynamics systems are the frequency cutoff imposed by the simulation domain length and the correlation artifacts caused by the periodic boundary conditions. Our method relies on the spectral Green-Kubo formulation combined with a model-based extrapolation. The obtained thermal conductivity results are in good agreement with the reference data. Both the Green-Kubo formulation and the Boltzmann transport equation lead to the prediction that the thermal conductivities of bulk crystals depend on the frequency of the thermal disturbance. This result has important implications for high-frequency electronic devices.
Comparison of RLS and LMS algorithms for tracking a chirped signal

The authors study the capabilities of the exponentially weighted recursive-least-squares (RLS) and least-mean-squares (LMS) algorithms, when configured as adaptive predictors, to track a chirped sinusoid in white background noise. The lag and fluctuation behaviors of each of the algorithms are calculated, and their influence on the misadjustment error is determined. The optimum tracking parameters for each algorithm are evaluated. The misadjustment errors for these optimum values are compared as a function of the chirp rate psi , the SNR rho , and the number of filter taps M. It is shown that for sufficiently small psi , small rho , and M such that rho M>>1, the LMS algorithm is superior to RLS because it has a smaller lag. <<ETX>>
RDW-to-ALB Ratio Is an Independent Predictor for 30-Day All-Cause Mortality in Patients with Acute Ischemic Stroke: A Retrospective Analysis from the MIMIC-IV Database

Purpose Previous studies have shown that the peripheral red blood cell distribution width (RDW) and human serum albumin (ALB) were both predictors of the risk and mortality of cerebrovascular diseases, and the ratio of RDW to ALB (RAR) was a combined new index that can predict the prognosis of the cardiovascular and respiration systemic diseases, but its role in cerebrovascular diseases had not been effectively evaluated. This study is aimed at exploring whether RAR can effectively predict the 30-day all-cause mortality of acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients. Methods This retrospective cohort study was conducted on AIS patients (age > 18 years) in the intensive care database MIMIC-IV. The RAR was measured based on the red blood cell distribution width and albumin. The main result was 30-day all-cause mortality, and the secondary results were ICU mortality and hospital mortality. Obtain the odds ratio (OR) estimate from the logistic regression model of log-transformed RAR values and mortality. We had used another database for external validation. Results A total of 1412 patients were enrolled, with an average age of 68.8 ± 15.9, including 708 (50.1%) males. When log-transformed RAR values were used as a continuous variable, as the values increases, the risk of death increases (30-day all-cause mortality OR = 4.02 (2.21, 7.32) P < 0.0001, ICU mortality OR = 3.81 (1.92, 7.54) P = 0.0001, and hospital mortality OR = 3.31 (1.83, 6.00) P < 0.0001), when the values were used as three-category variables and as a trend variable was also positively correlated with each mortality rate. Especially as the categorical variables, a dose-response relationship was clearly observed, that was, as the category of RAR increased (Q1 to Q3), the HR value of the risk of death gradually steadily increased. Such a relationship can also be observed in the external validation database. In the subgroup analysis, we observed an increased risk of death in the patient with hyperlipidemia and low HAS-BLED scores; however, no significant interaction was found in other subgroup analyses (including the diagnostic sequence of AIS). Conclusion RAR was a predictor of mortality in AIS patients. However, more in-depth research is needed to further analyze and confirm the role of RAR in AIS patients.
Seasonal persistence and recurrence of European blocking during 1958–1960

Blocking activity was especially frequent and persistent over Northern Europe during all seasons from late 1958 through 1959 and 1960. Some effects of the blocking on seasonal precipitation are discussed. The initiation and persistent recurrence of the blocking is studied with the help of various mean seasonal charts, particularly those for mid-tropospheric levels. It is suggested that the physical causes of the blocks lie in complex feed-back phenomena between the atmosphere, the North Atlantic sea surface and the Scandinavian Peninsula (particularly its lack of cold-season snow). The latter two factors appear to serve as conservative links in a feed-back chain, thus providing restorative forcing elements on the general circulation over the area. Some precursory signs of such long period blocking are suggested by an analysis of the wintertime meridional flow prevailing between southern Greenland and southern Scandinavia. DOI: 10.1111/j.2153-3490.1964. tb00176.x
Leukocytosis and MPNs: Where do we stand?

Abstract The Philadelphia-negative myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs)—essential thrombocythemia (ET), polycythemia vera (PV) and myelofibrosis (MF), are characterized by a propensity for thrombotic events and variable risks for transformation to MF (for ET and PV) and acute leukemia. Leukocytosis, which serves a minor criterion for the diagnosis of MF, is present in a significant portion of patients with MPNs. The relation and impact of leukocytosis on disease course and outcomes of patients with MPNs has been studied in multiple, large retrospective and prospective studies. Despite this, the association of leukocytosis and thrombosis, fibrosis and leukemic transformation remains unclear. This article details the published investigations regarding the impact of leukocytosis in MPNs and explores the changing role of leukocytosis in disease prognostication as increasing emphasis is placed on molecular and genetic studies.
Surface wave propagation over small undulations at the bottom of an ocean with surface discontinuity

Water wave scattering by small bottom undulations in the presence of discontinuity in the surface boundary condition is investigated here. Using a simplified perturbation analysis the first-order reflection and transmission coefficients are obtained in terms of integrals involving the shape function representing the bottom undulations. These first-order coefficients are depicted graphically for a number of shape functions of the bottom undulations against the wave number.
The silent negotiation or how to elicit collective information for group MCDA without excessive discussion

Silent negotiation is a procedure designed to help a group of people elicit collective evaluations or weights to be used in Multiple Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA). Its main feature relies on the fact that the interaction between the participants is based—during specific phases—on what they do (i.e. moving cards), and not on what they say. This explains the apparent paradox of the procedure name. The silent negotiation might be useful in many situations, particularly when a unique collective result is required and no argument seems able to influence the participants' opinion. A good example is the elicitation of weights for public procurement. The article describes in detail the elicitation of collective weights using the Cards elicitation procedure and the necessary changes to adapt it to: (1) the evaluation of alternatives on a given criterion and (2) various MCDA methods. The different ways to customize the procedure—by adapting the variables such as the number of moves allowed by round—are presented and discussed. Tests and real-world cases are briefly described. Finally, the main issues related to the silent negotiation are discussed. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Enhancing the Performance of PVDF/GO Ultrafiltration Membrane via Improving the Dispersion of GO with Homogeniser

In this study, PVDF/GO-h composite membranes were synthesised using a homogeniser to improve the dispersion of GO nanosheets within the composite membrane’s structure, and then characterised and contrasted to PVDF/GO-s control samples, which were synthesised via traditional blending method-implementing a magnetic stirrer. By characterizing membrane via X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), water contact angle (WCA) and membrane performance. SEM results showed that the number of the finger-like structure channels and pores in the sponge like structure of PVDF/GO-h composite membranes become more compared with PVDF/GO-s membranes. Water contact angle tests showed that the PVDF/GO-h composite membranes have lower contact angle than PVDF/GO-s control, which indicated the PVDF/GO-h composite membranes are more hydrophilic. Results also showed that composite membranes blended using homogeniser exhibited both improved water flux and rejection of target pollutants. In summary, it was shown that the performance of composite membranes could be improved significantly via homogenisation during synthesis, thus outlining the importance of further research into proper mixing.
The Multivariate Central Limit Theorem for Regular Convex Sets

Let X1, X2, . be i.i. d. random vectors in Rk. Let P. denote the probability measure induced by the normalized sum and let Q. denote the multivariate Edgeworth signed measure with terms through n-i. If C is a member of a class of convex bodies whose boundaries are sufficiently smooth and possess positive Gaussian curvatures, and XI has fourth moments, it is shown that Pn(C) Qn(C) = 0(n-k/(k+l)) where the bound is uniform. If, moreover, Xi has a nonlattice distribution, the difference is o(n-k/(k+l)).
Beyond Remittances: How Face Drives Immigration Stories of Undocumented and Mixed-status Chinese Immigrant Families

ABSTRACT A growing body of work that has examined Chinese immigration to the US has coined the term “culture of remittances”: money that is sent home not only provides economically but also elevates the “face” of the family. However, using qualitative data from a multiyear ethnographic study of three undocumented and mixed-status Chinese families in the US and their families in China, we find that garnering face for the family is less of a motivator than the fear of losing it. This dynamic plays a role at all stages of immigration and amplifies existing norms in a way that perpetuates disadvantage experienced by Chinese immigrants. As these undocumented Chinese immigrants craft an idealized narrative of their lives in the US, more members from their sending communities are motivated to immigrate, leading to precarious consequences.
Testing the Fundamental Assumption of Choice Experiments: Are Values Absolute or Relative?

A split sample experiment is conducted to test one of the most fundamental assumptions underpinning choice experiments in an environmental setting: whether stated values are absolute or relative. The test uses a natural experiment involving respondents at different home locations relative to potential new wetland sites. Respondents were presented with one of two ranges of distances. An absolute value interpretation requires that the functional relations with distance derived from these two ranges be consistent with each other. We reject a null hypothesis of no range bias, suggesting that respondents may perceive attribute levels in a relative rather than absolute sense. (JEL D81, Q26)
Measurement distance effects on low sidelobe patterns

Because of the current strong emphasis on low sidelobe antennas, the effects of measurement distance in distorting patterns are reexamined. Previous calculations have used obsolete or suboptimum aperture distributions. The Taylor \bar{n} linear distribution is a versatile highly efficient and robust optimum distribution; its use here allows a single curve of sidelobe measurement error versus measurement distance (normalized to far field distance 2D^{2}/\lambda ) for a given sidelobe level. The calculations give data from a uniform distribution to a 60 dB Taylor. For example, the first sidelobe of a 40 dB Taylor pattern is in error 1 dB at a distance of 6 D^{2}/\lambda .
SINGULAR INTERNAL STABILIZATION OF THE WAVE EQUATION

Abstract We consider an initial and boundary value problem for the one and two dimensional wave equation with nonlinear damping concentrated on an interior point and respectively on an interior curve. In the two dimensional case our main result asserts that generically (i.e., for almost all interior curves) the solutions decay to zero in the energy space. When the domain is strictly convex we show that, whatever the interior curve is, the decay is not uniform. We generalize in this way results known in one space dimension. Our main improvement of existing one-dimensional results consists in giving sharp decay rates, provided that the initial data are regular and the damping term is linear. A crucial intermediate step is the proof of a generalization of Ingham's inequality on nonharmonic Fourier series.
convergence of the vlasov-poisson system to the incompressible euler equations

We consider the displacement of an electronic cloud generated by the local difference of charge with a uniform neutralizing background of non-moving ions. The equations are given by the Vlasov-Poisson system, with a coupling constant where τ is the (constant) oscillation period of the electrons. In the so-called quasi-neutral regime, namely as 0, the current is expected to converge to a solution of the incompressible Euler equations, at least in the case of a vanishing initial temperature. This result is proved by adapting an argument used by P.-L. Lions [Li] to prove the convergence of the Leray solutions of the 3d Navier-Stokes equation to the so-called dissipativesolutions of the Euler equations. For this purpose, the total energy of the system is modulated by a test-function. An alternative proof is given, based on the concept of measure-valued (mv) solutions introduced by DiPerna and Majda [DM] and already used by Brenier and Grenier [BG], [Gr2] for the asymptotic analysis of the Vlasov-Poisson system in the quasi-neutral regime. Through this analysis, a link is established between Lions' dissipative solutions and Diperna-Majda's (mv)solutions of the Euler equations. A second interesting asymptotic regime, still leading to the Euler equations, known as the gyrokinetic limit of the Vlasov-Poisson system, is obtained when the electrons are forced by a strong constant external magnetic field and has been investigated in [Gr3], [GSR]. As for the quasi-neutral limit, we jus- tify the gyrokinetic limit by using the concepts of dissipative solutions and modulated total energy.
Estimation of the directional measure of planar random sets by digitization

Estimation methods for the directional measure of a stationary planar random set Z, based only on discretized realizations of Z, are discussed. Properties of the discretized set that can be derived by comparing neighbouring grid points are used. Larger grid configurations of more than two grid points are considered. It is shown that the probabilities of observing the various types of configurations can be expressed in terms of the first contact distribution function of Z (with a finite structuring element). An important prerequisite result concerning deterministic dilation areas is also established. The inference on the mean normal measure based on 2×2 configurations is discussed in detail.
The effect of perceptual interference on prioritization of feature dimensions in visual working memory

In visual working memory (VWM) tasks, participants’ performance can be improved via dimension-based retro-cues, which direct internal attention to prioritize a particular dimension of objects (such as color or orientation) during the maintenance interval. The information prioritized by retro-cues in VWM corresponds to better performance, which is called dimension-based retro-cue benefit (RCB). In general, RCB is a stable phenomenon that emerges under varied stimulus configurations and timing parameters. The purpose of the present study was to investigate dimension-based RCB’s susceptibility to perceptual interference to determine the requirements of attention for cue use. In Experiment 1, participants completed change-detection tasks, and in Experiment 2, we used a recall task to explore the effect of interference on dimension-based RCB. RCB was found in both experiments, but perceptual interference impaired the process of prioritizing dimensional features only in the orientation reports of Experiment 2. We conclude that internal attention can be prioritized to remember specific dimensional features in VWM. Importantly, the process of prioritizing internal attention on a particular dimension in a VWM task is robust and not susceptible to interference by irrelevant perceptual information, except in specific cases.
Sharp, bright, three-dimensional: open profiling of quality for mobile 3DTV coding methods

The choice of the right coding method is a critical factor in the development process of mobile 3D television and video. Several coding methods are available and each of these is based on a different approach. These differences lead to method specific artefacts - content and bit rate are as well important parameters for the performance. In our study,w e evaluated Simulcast,Multi View Coding,Mixed Resolution Stereo Coding and Video + Depth Coding. Therefore each method has been optimized at a high and a low bit rate using parameters typical for mobile devices. The goal of the study was to get knowledge about the optimum codign method for mobile 3DTV,but also to get knowledge about the underlying rationale of quality perception. We used Open Profiling of Quality (OPQ) for comparison. OPQ combines quantitative rating and sensory profiling of the content. This allowed us to get a preference order of the coding methods and additional individual quality factors that were formed into a quality model. The results show that MVC and V+D outperform the other two approaches,but content itself is still an important factor.
An empiricist defence of the causal account of explanation

Abstract Kitcher (1989) and others have criticized Salmon's (1984) causal account of explanation on the grounds that it is epistemologically inadequate. The difficulty is that Salmon's principle of ‘mark transmission’ fails to achieve its intended purpose, namely to distinguish causal processes from other types of processes. This renders Salmon's account of causality epistemically inaccessible. In this paper that critique is reviewed and developed, and a modification to Salmon's theory, the ‘conserved‐quantity’ theory (Dowe, 1992) is presented. This theory is shown to avoid the epistemologicalproblem, by replacing mark transmission with the ascription of conserved quantities such as energy. The virtue of this approach is that it renders causality epistemically accessible. This constitutes a defence of the causal theory of explanation.
Statistical features of heat transfer in grid-generated turbulence: constant-gradient case

Turbulence produced by a grid which simultaneously imparts a mean temperature profile varying linearly with height was investigated in a specially constructed wind tunnel. While the mean temperature profile is preserved downstream of the grid in accordance with the theory of Corrsin (1952), the downstream evolution of the r.m.s. temperature fluctuation is at variance with his prediction. The reason for this discrepancy is shown to lie in the neglect of molecular diffusivity, which leads to unbounded growth of the fluctuations. Along with conventional correlations and spectra, the filtered heat-transfer correlation is presented. About 60% of the heat transport is accomplished by the low wavenumber components having length scales equal to or larger than the integral scale. An intriguing feature of the present experiments is the presence of an inertial-convective subrange for the temperature field notwithstanding the low Reynolds number and the consequent absence of an inertial subrange for the velocity field. Experimental results show that the temperature has a positive skewness everywhere in contrast to the velocity components, which are symmetrically distributed. Measurements of the joint probability density function of the vertical component of the velocity and the temperature indicate that, while the assumption of joint normality is not uniformly valid, the conditional expectations nearly follow the normal law. Marginal and joint moments of up to fourth order are presented. Odd-order joint moments are clearly sensitive to the skewness of the temperature.
Accuracy of Vegetation Indices in Assessing Different Grades of Grassland Desertification from UAV

Grassland desertification has become one of the most serious environmental problems in the world. Grasslands are the focus of desertification research because of their ecological vulnerability. Their application on different grassland desertification grades remains limited. Therefore, in this study, 19 vegetation indices were calculated for 30 unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) visible light images at five grades of grassland desertification in the Mu Us Sandy. Fractional Vegetation Coverage (FVC) with high accuracy was obtained through Support Vector Machine (SVM) classification, and the results were used as the reference values. Based on the FVC, the grassland desertification grades were divided into five grades: severe (FVC < 5%), high (FVC: 5–20%), moderate (FVC: 21–50%), slight (FVC: 51–70%), and non-desertification (FVC: 71–100%). The accuracy of the vegetation indices was assessed by the overall accuracy (OA), the kappa coefficient (k), and the relative error (RE). Our result showed that the accuracy of SVM-supervised classification was high in assessing each grassland desertification grade. Excess Green Red Blue Difference Index (EGRBDI), Visible Band Modified Soil Adjusted Vegetation Index (V-MSAVI), Green Leaf Index (GLI), Color Index of Vegetation Vegetative (CIVE), Red Green Blue Vegetation Index (RGBVI), and Excess Green (EXG) accurately assessed grassland desertification at severe, high, moderate, and slight grades. In addition, the Red Green Ratio Index (RGRI) and Combined 2 (COM2) were accurate in assessing severe desertification. The assessment of the 19 indices of the non-desertification grade had low accuracy. Moreover, our result showed that the accuracy of SVM-supervised classification was high in assessing each grassland desertification grade. This study emphasizes that the applicability of the vegetation indices varies with the degree of grassland desertification and hopes to provide scientific guidance for a more accurate grassland desertification assessment.