Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Socio-Economic and Demographic Factors Associated with Knowledge and Attitude of HIV/AIDS among Women Aged 15–49 Years Old in Indonesia

Women’s susceptibility to HIV/AIDS infection is related to socio-economic and demographic factors. This study sought to analyze socio-economic and demographic factors related to knowledge and attitude of HIV/AIDS among women aged 15–49 years old in Indonesia. We conducted a secondary data analysis using the 2017 Indonesian Demographic and Health Survey (IDHS). Among 49,627 women, our study analyzed 25,895 women aged 15–49 years familiar with HIV terminology. Multiple logistic regression was utilized to analyze associations between socio-economic and demographic factors with knowledge and attitudes toward HIV/AIDS. Women’s age, education level, wealth quintile, residential area and region, access to information, owning cell phones and autonomy were significantly associated with positive knowledge and attitudes toward HIV/AIDS. These findings revealed that several demographical and social factors contribute to knowledge and attitudes toward HIV/AIDS among women aged 15–49 years in Indonesia.
Inhalative Nanoparticulate CpG Immunotherapy in Severe Equine Asthma: An Innovative Therapeutic Concept and Potential Animal Model for Human Asthma Treatment

Simple Summary Severe equine asthma is the most common globally widespread non-infectious equine respiratory disease (together with its mild and moderate form), which is associated with exposure to hay dust and mold spores, has certain similarities to human asthma, and continues to represent a therapeutic problem. Immunomodulatory DNA sequences (CpG) bound to nanoparticles were successfully administered by inhalation to severe asthmatic horses in several studies. It was possible to demonstrate a significant, sustained, one-to-eight-week improvement in important clinical parameters: partial oxygen pressure in the blood, quantity and viscosity of tracheal mucus secretion in the airways, and the amount of inflammatory cells in the respiratory tracts of severe asthmatic horses. The immunotherapy with CpG is performed independent of specific allergens. At an immunological level, the treatment leads to decreases in allergic and inflammatory parameters. This innovative therapeutic concept thus opens new perspectives in severe equine asthma treatment and possibly also in human asthma treatment. Abstract Severe equine asthma is the most common globally widespread non-infectious equine respiratory disease (together with its mild and moderate form), which is associated with exposure to hay dust and mold spores, has certain similarities to human asthma, and continues to represent a therapeutic problem. Immunomodulatory CpG-ODN, bound to gelatin nanoparticles as a drug delivery system, were successfully administered by inhalation to severe equine asthmatic patients in several studies. It was possible to demonstrate a significant, sustained, and allergen-independent one-to-eight-week improvement in key clinical parameters: the arterial partial pressure of oxygen, the quantity and viscosity of tracheal mucus, and neutrophilic inflammatory cells in the respiratory tracts of the severe equine asthmatic subjects. At the immunological level, an upregulation of the regulatory antiallergic and anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 as well as a downregulation of the proallergic IL-4 and proinflammatory IFN-γ in the respiratory tracts of the severe equine asthmatic patients were identified in the treatment groups. CD4+ T lymphocytes in the respiratory tracts of the asthmatic horses were demonstrated to downregulate the mRNA expression of Tbet and IL-8. Concentrations of matrix metalloproteinase-2 and -9 and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase-2 were significantly decreased directly after the treatment as well as six weeks post-treatment. This innovative therapeutic concept thus opens new perspectives in the treatment of severe equine asthma and possibly also that of human asthma.
The Association between Video Game Type and Aggressive Behaviors in Saudi Youth: A Pilot Study

Video gaming is a popular source of entertainment among children and adolescents. Although the Middle East is home to one of the fastest growing communities of video game users, most of the research established on this topic has been carried out through small scale studies. Our aim in this study is to assess the prevalence of video game use and its association with aggressive behaviors among adolescents in Saudi Arabia. This is a cross-sectional study involving boys and girls (aged 15–18 years) in both private and public secondary high schools in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Each participant completed a self-administered modified version of the aggression questionnaire, which consisted of 29 items scored on a 5-point Likert scale. This questionnaire assessed aggressive behaviors domains: physical aggression, anger, hostility, and verbal aggression and types of videogames and time of use. A total of 485 students were included in this study. The mean age of participants was 16.5 ± 0.9 years; 48% were boys. Adolescents who participated in action games had higher mean verbal (p < 0.01) and physical aggression (p < 0.01) scores. Adventure game players had significantly higher mean scores in all four types of aggressive behavior (p < 0.01). Participants who played simulation games had higher mean verbal aggressiveness (p < 0.01). Adolescents who participated in sports games had greater mean levels of anger (p = 0.01) and physical aggression (p = 0.01). Those who played strategy/puzzle games reported significantly higher mean scores of anger (p < 0.01), hostility (p = 0.01), and verbal aggression (p = 0.01). Females were more likely to show higher mean anger (p < 0.01) scores, whereas males were more likely to show higher mean physical aggression scores (p < 0.01). Conclusions: Our results do suggest that playing video games increases adolescent aggressive behaviors, which has been supported by other studies. We recommend educating parents on the pros and cons of playing video games and that parents schedule and limit the time their children spend playing video games.
Lessons and Reflections From an Extended Co-design Process Developing an mHealth App With and for Older Adults: Multiphase, Mixed Methods Study

Background There are many mobile health (mHealth) apps for older adult patients, but research has found that broadly speaking, mHealth still fails to meet the specific needs of older adult users. Others have highlighted the need to embed users in the mHealth design process in a fulsome and meaningful way. Co-design has been widely used in the development of mHealth apps and involves stakeholders in each phase of the design and development process. The involvement of older adults in the co-design processes is variable. To date, co-design approaches have tended toward embedding the stakeholders in early phases (eg, predesign and generative) but not throughout. Objective The aim of this study was to reflect on the processes and lessons learned from engaging in an extended co-design process to develop an mHealth app for older adults, with older users contributing at each phase. This study aimed to design an mHealth tool to assist older adults in coordinating their care with health care professionals and caregivers. Methods Our work to conceptualize, develop, and test the mHealth app consisted of 4 phases: phase 1, consulting stakeholders; phase 2, app development and co-designing with older adults; phase 3, field-testing with a smaller sample of older adult volunteer testers; and phase 4, reflecting, internally, on lessons learned from this process. In each phase, we drew on qualitative methods, including in-depth interviews and focus groups, all of which were analyzed in NVivo 11, using team-based thematic analysis. Results In phase 1, we identified key features that older adults and primary care providers wanted in an app, and each user group identified different priority features (older adults principally sought support to use the mHealth app, whereas primary care providers prioritized recoding illnesses, immunizations, and appointments). Phases 2 and 3 revealed significant mismatches between what the older adult users wanted and what our developers were able and willing to deliver. We were unable to craft the app that our consultations recommended, which the older adult field testers asked for. In phase 4, we reflected on our abilities to embed the voices and perspectives of older adults throughout the project when working with a developer not familiar with or committed to the core principles of co-design. We draw on this challenging experience to highlight several recommendations for those embarking on a co-design process that includes developers and IT vendors, researchers, and older adult users. Conclusions Although our final mHealth app did not reflect all the needs and wishes of our older adult testers, our consultation process identified key features and contextual information essential for those developing apps to support older adults in managing their health and health care.
Assessment of Corrosion and Mechanical Properties of Copper Components of Diesel Engines in Waste Oil Biodiesel Environment

Copper is used in diesel engine injectors and bearings, among other places. The corrosion and mechanical characteristics of these components when they are exposed to biodiesel are still lacking acceptable information. Nonetheless, there is a dearth of data on the corrosion and mechanical qualities of these components when exposed to alternative fuels such as biodiesel. In this study, waste-oil-derived biodiesel (WBB100) was blended with diesel fuel (WBB0) in the following proportions: B100:B0–10, 20, and 40 (WBB10, WBB20, and WBB40). ASTM standards were used to determine the blends' characteristics. Copper corrosion was investigated in a biodiesel environment using a stationary immersion method. Corrosion and surface morphology differences between the corroded and unexposed copper coupons were evaluated. After 960 hours of exposure, it was discovered that copper exposed to B0 (0.147 mpy) corroded less than copper exposed to B100 (0.4601 mpy). WBB10, WBB20, WBB40, and WBB100 had Brinell hardness values of 204.319, 221.666, 245.711, 267.021, and 293.303 N/mm2, respectively, while their tensile strengths were 694.69, 753.64, 835.42, and 907.87 MPa. As a result, it can be determined that the WBB10 blend is a better substitute for WBB0 in terms of biodiesel properties and corrosion features.
Prevalence of job burnout in Iranian nurses: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND Nurses experience many job tensions, which lead to job burnout. The consequences of nurses' job burnout include absenteeism, reduced quality of patient care, interpersonal conflicts with colleagues, physical and mental problems, reluctance to provide care with patients, and quitting the job. OBJECTIVE The present study aimed to investigate the prevalence of job burnout among nurses in Iran using a meta-analysis method. METHOD The study was conducted through a meta-analysis method based on the PRISMA checklist. An unlimited search was conducted until 2020 to access the Persian and English papers in national databases, including Medlib, SID, Iranmedex, and Magiran, and databases including Cochrane, Science-Direct, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. The keywords were "job burnout, nurse, and Iran. " The data were searched and extracted by two researchers independently. All analyses were performed using version 2.0 of the Comprehensive Meta-Analysis (CMA) software. RESULTS The prevalence of job burnout was investigated in 14 papers with a sample size of 2271 individuals with an average age of 31.44 years old, and a confidence interval of 55% (44-66%). Fars province, with 89.2%, had the highest, and Zanjan province, with 25.9%, experienced the lowest prevalence of job burnout. The overall prevalence of job burnout was 44% in male and 66% in female so that the highest prevalence was in women. CONCLUSION The prevalence of job burnout in nurses was high in some areas of Iran. A special attention by managers is needed in this field because of the several roles played by the nurses in the healthcare system and the improvement of public health. Implementation of plans to reduce the job burnout and to improve the mental health of nurses by reducing work hours, giving more opportunities to them to express their opinion(s) in amount of salary and benefits, and creating better working conditions are recommended.
Quantitative Radiological Characteristics of the Facet Joints in Patients with Lumbar Foraminal Stenosis

Purpose This study aimed to evaluate the degeneration patterns of the facet joints (FJs) in patients with lumbar foraminal stenosis (LFS) and investigate the correlation between quantitative parameters and FJ osteoarthritis (FJ OA). Patients and Methods A total of 171 patients with LFS at the L4/5 level and 146 control patients were enrolled in this study. The severity of FJ OA was graded according to the Weishaupt classification. The FJ orientation, FJ tropism, superior articular process cross-sectional area (SAPA), and FJ area were measured at the L3/4, L4/5, and L5/S1 spinal levels. Associations among the parameters were assessed using Pearson’s correlation coefficients. Independent sample t-tests and Pearson’s chi-square tests were used for univariate analyses. The association between LFS and the quantitative parameters was also analyzed using multivariate logistic regression models adjusted for age, gender, and body mass index. Results Patients with LFS had more sagittal FJ orientation (37.9 vs 45.0, p < 0.001), more FJ tropism (5.6 vs 3.8, p < 0.001), larger SAPA (129.0 vs 97.8, p < 0.001), and less FJ area (21.7 vs 23.3, p = 0.016). Logistic regression analysis showed that LFS was significantly associated with FJ tropism (odds ratio [OR]: 1.153; p = 0.003) and SAPA (OR: 1.113; p < 0.001). The SAPA showed the largest area under the curve (0.908, 95% confidence interval: 0.875–0.942) for the diagnosis of LFS. The optimal cutoff value was 114.75 mm2 with 85.4% sensitivity and 87.0% specificity. Additionally, a significant correlation was observed between FJ OA and SAPA and FJ area at each studied spinal level. Conclusion This study confirmed that LFS is significantly associated with FJ hypertrophy and tropism. FJ hypertrophy and joint space narrowing correlated with the severity of FJ OA. These results are helpful in understanding the morphology and pathology of FJs.
Energy efficiency, cleaner energy and energy related prices: evidence from dynamic generalised method of moments

Environmental degradation is one of the main concerns for the countries across the globe, where energy efficiency (E.N.E.F.) is regarded as one of the substantial remedial measures. Still, the factors affecting E.N. E.F. is not extensively explored in the empirical literature. In this sense, the current study tends to analyse the influencing factors of E.N. E.F. in case of the G7 economies throughout 1990 – 2020. Since this study is dealing with the panel data, therefore, various panel data specifications are used, which validates the slope heterogeneity, panel cross-section dependence (C.D.), and the existence of cointe-gration between E.N. E.F. , economic growth, renewable energy, energy related inflation, and political risk index (P.R.I.). Due to mixed integrating order, this study employed Cross-Sectional Autoregressive Distributed Lag (C.S.-A.R.D.L.) approach, which reveals that all the variables are significant and positive factors of E.N. E.F. in both short and long-run. Also, the results reveals the convergence of model towards the equilibrium with 83.7% speed of adjustment. To tackle the panel data issues such as slope heterogeneity and C.D. , this study employed Dynamic Common Correlated Effects – Generalised Method of Moment (D.C.C.E. – G.M.M.), which also indicates the positive and significance influence of the selected variables on E.N. E.F. The estimated results are validated by Augmented Mean Group (A.M.G.) estimator. Moreover, bidirectional causal nexus is found between E.N. E.F. and regressors (economic growth, renewable energy, energy related inflation, and P.R.I.). This study also provides relevant policy measures at the end.
Tryptophan Challenge in Healthy Controls and People with Schizophrenia: Acute Effects on Plasma Levels of Kynurenine, Kynurenic Acid and 5-Hydroxyindoleacetic Acid

The pivotal tryptophan (TRP) metabolite kynurenine is converted to several neuroactive compounds, including kynurenic acid (KYNA), which is elevated in the brain and cerebrospinal fluid of people with schizophrenia (SZ) and may contribute to cognitive abnormalities in patients. A small proportion of TRP is metabolized to serotonin and further to 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA). Notably, KP metabolism is readily affected by immune stimulation. Here, we assessed the acute effects of an oral TRP challenge (6 g) on peripheral concentrations of kynurenine, KYNA and 5-HIAA, as well as the cytokines interferon-γ, TNF-α and interleukin-6, in 22 participants with SZ and 16 healthy controls (HCs) using a double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover design. TRP raised the levels of kynurenine, KYNA and 5-HIAA in a time-dependent manner, causing >20-fold, >130-fold and 1.5-fold increases in kynurenine, KYNA and 5-HIAA concentrations, respectively, after 240 min. According to multivariate analyses, neither baseline levels nor the stimulating effects of TRP differed between participants with SZ and HC. Basal cytokine levels did not vary between groups, and remained unaffected by TRP. Although unlikely to be useful diagnostically, measurements of circulating metabolites following an acute TRP challenge may be informative for assessing the in vivo efficacy of drugs that modulate the neosynthesis of KYNA and other products of TRP degradation.
Modelling ultrafine particle growth in a flow tube reactor

Abstract. Flow tube reactors are often used to study aerosol kinetics. The goal of this study is to investigate how to best represent complex growth kinetics of ultrafine particles within a flow tube reactor when the chemical processes causing particle growth are unknown. In a typical flow tube experiment, one measures the inlet and outlet particle size distributions to give a time-averaged measure of growth, which may be difficult to interpret if the growth kinetics change as particles transit through the flow tube. In this work, we simulate particle growth for secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation that incorporates both surface- and volume-limited chemical processes to illustrate how complex growth kinetics inside a flow tube can arise. We then develop and assess a method to account for complex growth kinetics when the chemical processes driving the kinetics are not known. Diameter growth of particles is represented by a growth factor (GF), defined as the fraction of products from oxidation of the volatile organic compound (VOC) precursors that grow particles during a specific time period. Defined in this way, GF is the sum of all non-volatile products that condensationally grow particles plus a portion of semi-volatile molecules that react on or in the particle to give non-volatile products that remain in the particle over the investigated time frame. With respect to flow tube measurements, GF is independent of wall loss and condensation sink, which influence particle growth kinetics and can vary from experiment to experiment. GF is shown to change as a function of time within the flow tube and is sensitive to factors that affect growth such as gas-phase mixing ratios of the precursors and the presence of aerosol liquid water (ALW) on the surface or in the volume of the particle. A method to calculate GF from the outlet-minus-inlet particle diameter change in a flow tube experiment is presented and shown to accurately match GFs from simulations of SOA formation.
Federal Appeals Court Responses to Supreme Court Precedent

Abstract This manuscript examines how federal appeals courts respond to precedent, in this case, Central Hudson Gas & Electric Corporation v. Public Service Commission. This account includes a comprehensive theory that examines attitudinal factors that relate to Central Hudson, specific relevant legal factors that relate to the case, as well as strategic considerations. We additionally argue that federal appeals courts may reasonably ignore Central Hudson in certain specific instances (most notably when other highly relevant cases are available for lower federal court judges to use). Our results show partial support for several portions of our theory, including a lower propensity for federal appeals courts to positively treat precedent when ideological distance is high. We also find support for one of our factual-based hypotheses (regarding cases that involve drugs and attorney advertising, where other U.S. Supreme Court precedents are readily available for appeals court judges to use).
Influence of Organic Fertilizers on the Early Growth of Tamarindus indica L

Inadequacy of information on the early growth responses of T. indica seedlings to manure sources has limited its propagation. In an attempt to enhance the growth of T. indica, an investigation was conducted to assess the influence of organic fertilizers on the growth of T. indica. The experimental design adopted was a Completely Randomised Design with six treatments replicated five times. The treatment consisted of 10g of each manure (cowdung, goat droppings, rabbit droppings, poultry droppings, pig droppings and control) assessed on the early growth of T. indica seedlings. Six months old T. indica seedlings were transplanted into pots with and without manure and subjected to 200ml of water daily. Data collected were subjected to Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) at 5% level of significance. Results obtained showed that manure sources significantly (P<0.05) enhanced the growth of T. indica. Significant height (27.82cm), number of leaflets (67.00), total fresh weight (5.57g) and total dry weight (2.54g) were recorded from seedlings planted in the soil amended with goat droppings respectively at 12 weeks after transplanting. Highest girth (0.33cm) and significant leaflet area (9.98cm2) were recorded from seedlings planted in the soil improved with cowdung and poultry droppings respectively at 12 WAT. Goat droppings enhanced the growth of T. indica seedlings. Le manque d’informations sur les premières réponses de croissance des semis de T. indica aux sources de fumier a limité sa propagation. Dans une tentative d’améliorer la croissance de T. indica, une enquête a été menée pour évaluer l’influence des engrais organiques sur la croissance de T. indica. Le plan expérimental adopté était un plan complètement randomisé avec six traitements répétés cinq fois. Le traitement consistait en 10 g de chaque fumier (bouse de vache, crottes de chèvre, crottes de lapin, crottes de volaille, crottes de porc et témoin) évalué sur la croissance précoce des plantules de T. indica. Des semis de T. indica âgés de six mois ont été transplantés dans des pots avec et sans fumier et soumis à 200 ml d’eau par jour. Les données recueillies ont été soumises à une analyse de la variance (ANOVA) à un niveau de signification de 5 %. Les résultats obtenus ont montré que les sources de fumier augmentaient significativement (P<0,05) la croissance de T. indica. Une hauteur significative (27,82 cm), un nombre de folioles (67,00), un poids frais total (5,57 g) et un poids sec total (2,54 g) ont été enregistrés à partir de semis plantés dans le sol amendé avec des excréments de chèvre respectivement à 12 semaines après le repiquage. La circonférence la plus élevée (0,33 cm) et la surface foliaire significative (9,98 cm2) ont été enregistrées à partir de semis plantés dans le sol amélioré avec de la bouse de vache et des excréments de volaille respectivement à 12 WAT. Les excréments de chèvre ont amélioré la croissance des semis de T. indica.