Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Determinants of Electricity Consumption in Indonesia

Electrical energy is one energy source that plays an essential role in human life daily, such as industrial, commercial, government, and household activities. All processes related to public activities can dash effectively and efficiently with electricity. The electricity consumption in Indonesia has reportedly increased every year. This enhancement can be caused by several factors, one of which is the population. The increasing electricity consumption in Indonesia has shown that electricity is the primary driving sector for the development that supports productivity and public activities. It is hoped that the economy will also increase. Based on this statement, this study aimed to analyze the factors which affect electricity consumption in Indonesia during the 2015 – 2019 period. This study used secondary data by taking four independent variables, including GDRP per capita, population, installed power capacity, and electricity tariffs. The dependent variable used in this study is electricity consumption. The research used the estimation technique of the Fixed Effect Model, which was selected based on the result of the Chow Test. The results in the regression analysis showed that the GDRP per capita and population variable both resulted in positive and insignificant effects on the electricity consumption in Indonesia during the 2015 – 2019 period. The installed power capacity variable had a positive and significant influence on the electricity consumption in Indonesia during the 2015 – 2019 period. Meanwhile, the electricity rate variable had a negative and insignificant effect on the electricity consumption in Indonesia during the 2015 – 2019 period.
On the colour of noctilucent clouds

Abstract. The high-latitude phenomenon of noctilucent clouds (NLCs) is characterised by a silvery-blue or pale blue colour. In this study, we employ the radiative transfer model SCIATRAN to simulate spectra of solar radiation scattered by NLCs for a ground-based observer and assuming spherical NLC particles. To determine the resulting colours of NLCs in an objective way, the CIE (International Commission on Illumination) colour-matching functions and chromaticity values are used. Different processes and parameters potentially affecting the colour of NLCs are investigated, i.e. the size of the NLC particles, the abundance of middle atmospheric O3 and the importance of multiply scattered solar radiation. We affirm previous research indicating that solar radiation absorption in the O3 Chappuis bands can have a significant effect on the colour of the NLCs. A new result of this study is that for sufficiently large NLC optical depths and for specific viewing geometries, O3 plays only a minor role for the blueish colour of NLCs. The simulations also show that the size of the NLC particles affects the colour of the clouds. Cloud particles of unrealistically large sizes can lead to a reddish colour. Furthermore, the simulations show that the contribution of multiple scattering to the total scattering is only of minor importance, providing additional justification for the earlier studies on this topic, which were all based on the single-scattering approximation.
The Mechanism for GNSS‐Based Kinematic Positioning Degradation at High‐Latitudes Under the March 2015 Great Storm

In this study, we focus on the kinematic precise point positioning (PPP) solutions at high‐latitudes during the March 2015 great geomagnetic storm. We aim to discover the mechanism behind the positioning degradation from the perspective of the impacts of the storm‐induced ionospheric disturbance on the global navigation satellite system (GNSS) data processing. We observed that the phase scintillation dominated the amplitude scintillation at high‐latitudes and the variation pattern of the rate of total electron content index (ROTI) was consistent with that of the phase scintillation during the storm. The kinematic PPP errors at high‐latitudes were almost three times larger than those at the middle‐ and low‐latitude, which were accompanied by large ROTI variations. From the perspective of GNSS data processing, the large positioning errors were also found to be related to the large number of satellites experiencing cycle slips (CSs). Based on the lock time from the ionospheric scintillation monitoring receiver, we found that a large amount of the CSs was falsely detected under the conventional threshold of the CS detector. By increasing such threshold, the kinematic positioning accuracy at high‐latitudes can be improved to obtain similar magnitude as at middle‐ and low‐latitude. The improved positioning accuracy may suggest that the ionospheric disturbance induced by the geomagnetic storm at high‐latitudes has minor effects on triggering the CSs. Therefore, precise positioning can be achieved at high‐latitudes under geomagnetic storms, given that the CS problem is well addressed.
Low-voltage high-reliability MEMS switch for millimeter wave 5G applications

Lack of reliability of radio-frequency microelectromechanical systems (RF MEMS) switches has inhibited their commercial success. Dielectric stiction/breakdown and mechanical shock due to high actuation voltage are common impediments in capacitive MEMS switches. In this work, we report low-actuation voltage RF MEMS switch and its reliability test. Experimental characterization of fabricated devices demonstrate that proposed MEMS switch topology needs very low voltage (4.8 V) for actuation. The mechanical resonant frequency, f0, quality factor, Q, and switching time are measured to be 8.35 kHz, 1.2, and 33 microsecond, respectively. These MEMS switches have high reliability in terms of switching cycles. Measurements are performed using pulse waveform of magnitude of 6 V under hot-switching condition. Temperature measurement results confirm that the reported switch topology has good thermal stability. The robustness in terms of the measured pull-in voltage shows a variation of 0.08 V °C−1. Lifetime measurement results after 10 million switching cycles demonstrate insignificant change in the RF performance without any failure. Experimental results show that low voltage improves the lifetime. Low insertion loss (less than 0.6 dB) and improved isolation (above 40 dB) in the frequency range up to 60 GHz have been reported. Measured RF characteristics in the frequency range from 10 MHz to 60 GHz support that these MEMS switches are favorable choice for mm-wave 5G applications.
Nonlinear Gaussian Filtering With Network-Induced Delay in Measurements

This article designs an advanced Gaussian filtering algorithm for improving accuracy in the presence of time-delay in measurements. The proposed method uses a Bernoulli random variable and a geometric random variable to reformulate the delay modeling strategy. Subsequently, the traditional Gaussian filtering method for the modified measurement model is rederived. The proposed method precludes two major drawbacks of the existing delay filtering methods, including a priori knowledge of many delay probabilities and an ambiguous selection of an upper bound of delay. Thus, the proposed method outperforms the existing delay filtering methods and the same is validated from the simulation results. The proposed method is a general modification of the traditional Gaussian filtering and applies to all conventionally popular Gaussian filters.
Propulsion characteristics of flapping wings

In moving from the realm of stationary wing flight towards the complexity of flapping wing flight as evolved in birds, we wish to introduce the simplest means of flapping as a first step in an attempt to simplify as much as possible our wind tunnel model and also to confine our attention to the dominant thrust producing mechanism. Our model half wings flap only in the plane normal to flight. The flapping motion is sinusoidal with time and symmetrical about the mid position (Fig. 6). No wing bending was allowed. The wing section shape had no camber and also was rigid in shape but free to twist in torsion about its shear centre. However, the model root support was fixed and therefore could not simulate vertical plunging of a bird associated with ideal elliptic span loading (Ref. 1).
Can streambank height indicate soil moisture regime of riparian zones? A case study in deep soils of a first-order watershed in Southeast Brazil

ABSTRACT A number of riparian ecosystem functions such as reducing chemicals are associated with high soil moisture conditions. Finding easy-to-measure riparian features that indicate soil moisture regime in riparian ecosystem may of use in environmental management. In this study, we answered the following question: can streambank height, on which these riparian zones are, indicate soil moisture regime? By measuring soil matric potential (0.15–0.9 m depth) and water table depth on a weekly basis at three forested riparian zones on different bank heights (low, moderate and high) and under a similar soil type, we demonstrate that riparian zones on high-to-moderate streambank height (h ≥ 1 m) generally have lower water table compared to riparian zones on low streambanks (h ≤ 0.3 m). This difference on water table depth led to significant differences in soil matric potential as water table depth lowers. However, in order to predict soil moisture regime more accurately, streambank height must be associated with a detailed field description of local factors such as soil type which can help in explaining deviations from the expected pattern of soil moisture as shown in moderate and high.
FOLD AS A MODEL OF EKPHRASIS IN CONTEMPORARY ESSAYS ON THE VISUAL ARTS (BASED ON THE ANALYSIS OF ENGLISH ESSAYS)

The article addresses the complex nature of ekphrasis as the verbal representation of the works of the visual arts and discusses its explications through the prism of various metaphorical models. With the metaphors of the paragone and the sister arts acknowledged as the two powerful models of ekphrasis, a recently introduced metaphor of ekphrasis as a fold is given a close look. The roots of the fold as a metaphorical model are traced back to works of Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz and further philosophical elaboration of this model in Gilles Deleuze’s writings is discussed. It is argued that viewing ekphrasis as a fold makes it possible to capture the nature of ekphrasis in contemporary essays on the visual arts as a means of producing meanings through interpretation of the existing meanings and thus as a means of perpetuating culture. This argument is supported with the cognitive poetic analysis of ekphrasis in John Berger’s essays on the visual arts.
Emission Profiles of Volatiles during 3D Printing with ABS, ASA, Nylon, and PETG Polymer Filaments

In this short communication we characterize the emission of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from fused filament fabrication (FFF) 3D printing using four polymer materials, namely polyethylene terephthalate glycol-modified (PETG), acrylonitrile styrene acrylate (ASA), Nylon, and acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS). Detailed emission profiles are obtained during thermal degradation of the polymers as a function of temperature and also in real-time during 3D printing. Direct quantitative measurement was performed using proton transfer reaction time-of-flight mass spectrometry (PTR-ToF-MS). Qualitative determination of the volatiles emitted from the printed elements at various temperatures was accomplished using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The emission rates of VOCs differ significantly between the different polymer filaments, with the emission from Nylon and PETG more than an order of magnitude lower than that of ABS.
Linear time-varying regression with copula–DCC–asymmetric–GARCH models for volatility: the co-movement between industrial electricity demand and financial factors

ABSTRACT This paper examines the dependence structure of industrial electricity demand and financial indicators (the Korea Composite Stock Price Index [KOSPI], Korean Securities Dealers Automated Quotations [KOSDAQ], exchange rate, government bonds and exports) using the copula dynamic conditional correlation with symmetric and asymmetric generalized autoregressive conditional heteroscedasticity (GARCH) models to forecast volatility. We investigated symmetric and asymmetric GARCH types, such as the standard, exponential, Glosten–Jagannathan–Runkle and asymmetric power models to fit the marginal distribution. The two types of elliptical copula, Gaussian and Student’s t-distributions, were also considered to investigate the tail dependence between financial and electricity time series. We analysed the monthly log returns for January 2002 to April 2020. The empirical results reveal that the best-fit models for the Akaike information criteria are the asymmetric GARCH models, specifically the exponential-GARCH (E-GARCH). Moreover, the asymmetric GARCH model is superior to the symmetric GARCH in terms of forecast volatility. Extreme tail dependence exists for the KOSDAQ and exports indicators with the electricity demand. The KOSPI, Korea’s primary stock market, is the best-fit financial variable and presents the highest forecasting accuracy.
Impact of Environmental Regulation on the Green Total Factor Productivity of Dairy Farming: Evidence from China

Environmental regulation is essential to promote green and sustainable development in dairy farming. Nevertheless, limited studies have focused on the impact of environmental regulation on the green total factor productivity (GTFP) of dairy farming. This study measures the GTFP of dairy farming in 27 provinces in China during 2009–2020 using the Slack Based Measure (SBM) model and the Malmquist–Luenberger (ML) productivity index. In addition, random effects and threshold regression models are used to measure the impact of environmental regulations on the GTFP of dairy farming. The results demonstrate the fluctuating growth of the GTFP of dairy farming and that technical efficiency is the primary driver of the GTFP growth. The annual growth rate of GTFP is the highest in large-scale dairy farming (3.27%), followed by medium-scale dairy farming (2.73%) and small-scale dairy farming (1.98%). Furthermore, environmental regulation positively affects the GTFP and has a threshold effect on the GTFP, with the urban–rural income gap as the threshold variable in medium-scale dairy farming and small-scale dairy farming. The impact on the GTFP can be significantly negative if the urban–rural income gap crosses the threshold value. Overall, this study provides some policy recommendations for attaining green and sustainable dairy farming development in China.
Rhizobial diversity in shrub-tree legume-based silvopastoral systems

: Silvopastoral systems based on tree legumes intercropped with forage grasses can harbor a high diversity of rhizobia, and these bacteria are good indicators of soil quality in several management systems. The objective of this work was to evaluate the morphophysiological, genetic and symbiotic diversity of cowpea [ Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp] rhizobia from soils under silvopastoral systems based on shrub-tree legumes. The experiment was performed in a randomized block design with three treatments and three replications, consisting of signalgrass ( Urochloa decumbens Stapf.) intercropped with sabia ( Mimosa caesalpiniaefolia ); signalgrass intercropped with gliricidia ( Gliricidia sepium ) and single signalgrass. The samples were collected in the legume row (0 meter) and 4 and 8 meters away. Later, cowpea was used as a trap plant to capture the rhizobia. All strains were phenotypically characterized, authenticated, and genetically identified. Phenotypical characterization of the 431 isolates showed high diversity forming 69 groups at 100% similarity, of which 60 were able to nodulate cowpea during the authentication, and 36 presented relative efficiency superior or equal to the recommended bacteria for the crop. Most of the sequenced strains belonged to Bradyrhizobium (67%) and Methylobacterium (9%). Leifsonia (9%), Cohnella (6%), Rhizobium (3%), Burkholderia (3%), and Paenibacillus (3%) were also represented. Soils under silvopastoral systems harbor efficient rhizobia populations in cowpea with a high genetic diversity, which can be recommended for agronomic efficiency assays.
Extraction of Morphological Features of Malaysian Rice Seed Varieties Using Flatbed Scanner

A high quality cultivated rice seeds are very important for Malaysian paddy industry to ensure a high yield of paddy production. Certified seeds that are mixed with other varieties and unwanted seeds such as weedy rice are considered as poor quality and faced rejection during a quality inspection by the Department of Agriculture. To ensure the seeds are cleaned from any foreign seeds, it is very important to develop a low cost and simple mechanism to classify the seeds according to its varieties. The use of a flatbed scanner is one of the alternative techniques for image acquisition of the seeds varieties. This study was carried out to evaluate morphological features of local rice seed varieties developed for Malaysian rice industry using image processing techniques. Image of four seed varieties, mainly are MR219, MR220, MR263, and MR269 were acquired and extracted using a normal desktop flatbed scanner. A LabVIEW program was developed to extract four main morphology features which are length, width, aspect ratio and rectangular aspect ratio. The extracted data were analysed in terms of its spread and variability. One-way ANOVA was done to compare the means of the morphological features. Further t-test analyses were done to distinguish between two seed varieties based on the variation in the morphological features of the seed kernel. The results indicated that seed length parameter extracted from the image acquired by the flatbed scanner is significant to differentiate the cultivated rice seed except for MR269 and MR220. Seed width can be used as a parameter to distinguish MR269 and MR220 pair. Thus, a combination of morphological parameters is necessary to classify the cultivated rice seed.
The influence of postscreening follow‐up time and participant characteristics on estimates of overdiagnosis from lung cancer screening trials

We aimed to explore the underlying reasons that estimates of overdiagnosis vary across and within low‐dose computed tomography (LDCT) lung cancer screening trials. We conducted a systematic review to identify estimates of overdiagnosis from randomised controlled trials of LDCT screening. We then analysed the association of Ps (the excess incidence of lung cancer as a proportion of screen‐detected cases) with postscreening follow‐up time using a linear random effects meta‐regression model. Separately, we analysed annual Ps estimates from the US National Lung Screening Trial (NLST) and German Lung Cancer Screening Intervention Trial (LUSI) using exponential decay models with asymptotes. We conducted stratified analyses to investigate participant characteristics associated with Ps using the extended follow‐up data from NLST. Among 12 overdiagnosis estimates from 8 trials, the postscreening follow‐up ranged from 3.8 to 9.3 years, and Ps ranged from −27.0% (ITALUNG, 8.3 years follow‐up) to 67.2% (DLCST, 5.0 years follow‐up). Across trials, 39.1% of the variation in Ps was explained by postscreening follow‐up time. The annual changes in Ps were −3.5% and −3.9% in the NLST and LUSI trials, respectively. Ps was predicted to plateau at 2.2% for NLST and 9.2% for LUSI with hypothetical infinite follow‐up. In NLST, Ps increased with age from −14.9% (55‐59 years) to 21.7% (70‐74 years), and time trends in Ps varied by histological type. The findings suggest that differences in postscreening follow‐up time partially explain variation in overdiagnosis estimates across lung cancer screening trials. Estimates of overdiagnosis should be interpreted in the context of postscreening follow‐up and population characteristics.
A Community-Based Exploratory Cross-Sectional Study of Elder Abuse Perpetration or Victimization Among Elders in Ethiopia, 2022

Background Elderly abuse and comorbid problematic substance use, disability, and physical and mental illness have been major problems in low-income countries. In most countries, the elderly are the most neglected segment of the population, and there is insufficient information about elderly abuse perpetration or victimization in low-income countries like Ethiopia. Therefore, this study was aimed to assess elderly abuse perpetration or victimization among the elderly in Mizan Aman town, southwest Ethiopia. Methods A community-based cross-sectional study design was conducted among 268 elderly people from May to June, 2021, by using a systematic sampling technique. The elderly abuse and the ASSIST tools were used to assess the elderly abuse and khat, alcohol, cannabis, and tobacco use disorders, respectively. Moreover, multimorbidity and physical disability were also assessed. Data were entered into EpiData version 3.1 and exported to the Statistical Package for Social Science Version 23. A logistic regression model was used to identify independent predictors of elderly abuse. Results The prevalence of elder abuse was 41.8%, and the prevalence of poly substance, alcohol, khat, and tobacco use disorder was 32.5%, 19.4%, 12%, and 4.5%, respectively. Besides, the comorbidity of physical disability and multiple chronic diseases was 8% and 24.6%, respectively. Moreover, physical disability (AOR = 5.652, CI = 1.459, 21.894), multimorbidity (AOR = 3.972, CI = 1.898, 8.314), substance use disorder (AOR = 3.877, CI = 1.814, 8.286), age above 80 years (AOR = 8.452, CI = 2.273, 31.425), and poor social support (AOR = 3.372, CI = 1.043, 10.903) were positively associated with elderly abuse. Conclusion The magnitude of elder abuse and comorbid multimorbidity, physical disability, and substance use disorder was high, and having multiple chronic diseases, physical disability, substance use disorder, advanced age, and poor social support were risk factors for elderly abuse.
Barriers to employment for people with intellectual disabilities in low‐ and middle‐income countries: Self‐advocate and family perspectives

Despite a growing focus on disability-inclusive employment and livelihoods, people with intellectual disabilities and their families remain underrepresented in both the literature and in employment programming. This paper identifies key barriers to inclusive employment collected through six (6) focus groups made up of people with intellectual disabilities (N:54) and their family members (N:45) in Kenya, Uganda, Nigeria, and Bangladesh. Self-advocates and families report stigma, denial of access to education, safety and security concerns, pressure to engage in self-employment, and discrimination as key barriers. Their experiences can contribute to more inclusive cross-disability perspectives on employment and provide guidance for practitioners aiming to design responsive disability-inclusive employment programmes.
Race, Colorism, Body Size, Body Position, and Sexiness

The purpose of this study is to critically examine the fashion illustration textbooks that are currently being used within the textile and apparel discipline. Using gendered stereotypes and intersectionality theory as a conceptual and theoretical framework, the following research questions guided our study: (a) Are women represented in diverse races, and how do racial hierarchies intersect with these representations? (b) How are women’s body sizes represented, and how does race intersect with these representations? (c) How are women’s bodies positioned, and how do gendered stereotypes and hierarchies of race intersect with these representations? We used the content analysis method and analyzed fashion illustration textbooks in several categories including gender, race, body size, body position, provocative, skin color, and hair type. We found very few women of color, a majority of thin bodies, and more light-skinned Black individuals than dark-skinned Black individuals.