Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Genetic algorithms in optimal multistage distribution network planning

This paper describes a genetic algorithm approach to the optimal multistage planning of distribution networks. The authors describe a mathematical and algorithmic model that they have developed and experimented with successfully. The paper also presents application examples, with real size systems. The advantages of adopting this new approach are discussed in the planning context, namely in conjunction with the adoption of multicriteria decision making methods. >
Natural Xanthine Oxidase Inhibitor 5-O-Caffeoylshikimic Acid Ameliorates Kidney Injury Caused by Hyperuricemia in Mice

Xanthine oxidase (XOD) inhibition has long been considered an effective anti-hyperuricemia strategy. To identify effective natural XOD inhibitors with little side effects, we performed a XOD inhibitory assay-coupled isolation of compounds from Smilacis Glabrae Rhizoma (SGR), a traditional Chinese medicine frequently prescribed as anti-hyperuricemia agent for centuries. Through the in vitro XOD inhibitory assay, we obtained a novel XOD inhibitor, 5-O-caffeoylshikimic acid (#1, 5OCSA) with IC50 of 13.96 μM, as well as two known XOD inhibitors, quercetin (#3) and astilbin (#6). Meanwhile, we performed in silico molecular docking and found 5OCSA could interact with the active sites of XOD (PDB ID: 3NVY) with a binding energy of −8.6 kcal/mol, suggesting 5OCSA inhibits XOD by binding with its active site. To evaluate the in vivo effects on XOD, we generated a hyperuricemia mice model by intraperitoneal injection of potassium oxonate (300 mg/kg) and oral gavage of hypoxanthine (500 mg/kg) for 7 days. 5OCSA could inhibit both hepatic and serum XOD in vivo, together with an improvement of histological and multiple serological parameters in kidney injury and HUA. Collectively, our results suggested that 5OCSA may be developed into a safe and effective XOD inhibitor based on in vitro, in silico and in vivo evidence.
Weather‐driven demography and population dynamics of an endemic perennial plant during a 34‐year period

Increased anthropogenic influence on the environment has accentuated the need to assess how climate and other environmental factors drive vital rates and population dynamics of different types of organisms. However, to allow distinction between the effects of multiple correlated variables, and to capture the effects of rare and extreme climatic conditions, studies extending over decades are often necessary. In this study, we used an individual‐based dataset collected in three populations of Pulsatilla vulgaris subsp. gotlandica during 34 years, to explore the effects of variation in precipitation and temperature on vital rates and population dynamics. Most of the observed conspicuous variation in flowering among years was associated with differences in precipitation and temperature in the previous summer and autumn with a higher incidence of flowering following summers with high precipitation and low temperatures. In contrast, climatic variables had no significant effects on individual growth or survival. Although the weather‐driven variation in flowering had only moderate absolute effects on the population growth rate, simulated persistent changes in average precipitation and temperature resulted in considerable reductions in population sizes compared with current conditions. Analyses carried out with subsets of data consisting of 5 and 10 years yielded results that strongly deviated from those based on the full dataset. Synthesis. The results of this study illustrate the importance of long‐term demographic monitoring to identify key climatic variables affecting vital rates and driving population dynamics in long‐lived organisms.
VARIANTS OF KREISEL’S CONJECTURE ON A NEW NOTION OF PROVABILITY

Abstract Kreisel’s conjecture is the statement: if, for all $n\in \mathbb {N}$ , $\mathop {\text {PA}} \nolimits \vdash _{k \text { steps}} \varphi (\overline {n})$ , then $\mathop {\text {PA}} \nolimits \vdash \forall x. \varphi (x)$ . For a theory of arithmetic T, given a recursive function h, $T \vdash _{\leq h} \varphi $ holds if there is a proof of $\varphi $ in T whose code is at most $h(\#\varphi )$ . This notion depends on the underlying coding. ${P}^h_T(x)$ is a predicate for $\vdash _{\leq h}$ in T. It is shown that there exist a sentence $\varphi $ and a total recursive function h such that $T\vdash _{\leq h}\mathop {\text {Pr}} \nolimits _T(\ulcorner \mathop {\text {Pr}} \nolimits _T(\ulcorner \varphi \urcorner )\rightarrow \varphi \urcorner )$ , but , where $\mathop {\text {Pr}} \nolimits _T$ stands for the standard provability predicate in T. This statement is related to a conjecture by Montagna. Also variants and weakenings of Kreisel’s conjecture are studied. By the use of reflexion principles, one can obtain a theory $T^h_\Gamma $ that extends T such that a version of Kreisel’s conjecture holds: given a recursive function h and $\varphi (x)$ a $\Gamma $ -formula (where $\Gamma $ is an arbitrarily fixed class of formulas) such that, for all $n\in \mathbb {N}$ , $T\vdash _{\leq h} \varphi (\overline {n})$ , then $T^h_\Gamma \vdash \forall x. \varphi (x)$ . Derivability conditions are studied for a theory to satisfy the following implication: if , then $T\vdash \forall x. \varphi (x)$ . This corresponds to an arithmetization of Kreisel’s conjecture. It is shown that, for certain theories, there exists a function h such that $\vdash _{k \text { steps}}\ \subseteq\ \vdash _{\leq h}$ .
The urban market for farmers' water rights

Allocation stress, that is, access conflicts between the agricultural, domestic, industrial, urban service and environmental uses of water, is set to become more intense in the future because of global population growth and climate change. Because of the dominant role of irrigation water use at the global level, it is imperative to explore the possibilities of reducing farmers' use of water or, at the very least, of slowing its growth. One process by which the scale of irrigation is reduced occurs when farmers choose to sell their water rights to actors that apply these released flows in towns and cities for household, manufacturing and urban service uses. In this paper a theory of price and volume determination of such markets is presented, using concepts of urban actors' maximum bid price and farmers' minimum release price for water rights. The limits of the theory are then discussed with respect to timescale, water concessions, part‐sales, sales of land, the legal context, third‐party effects, market structure and transaction costs. The main conclusion is that the market equilibrium approach is rarely applicable and that fieldwork will in general have to deal with arcane, one‐off bilateral trades. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Practical use of video imagery in nearshore oceanographic field studies

An approach was developed for using video imagery to quantify, in terms of both spatial and temporal dimensions, a number of naturally occurring (nearshore) physical processes. The complete method is presented, including the derivation of the geometrical relationships relating image and ground coordinates, principles to be considered when working with video imagery and the two-step strategy for calibration of the camera model. The techniques are founded on the principles of photogrammetry, account for difficulties inherent in the use of video signals, and have been adapted to allow for flexibility of use in field studies. Examples from field experiments indicate that this approach is both accurate and applicable under the conditions typically experienced when sampling in coastal regions. Several applications of the camera model are discussed, including the measurement of nearshore fluid processes, sand bar length scales, foreshore topography, and drifter motions. Although we have applied this method to the measurement of nearshore processes and morphologic features, these same techniques are transferable to studies in other geophysical settings.
Managing the development of large software systems: concepts and techniques

INTRODUCTION l am going to describe my pe,-. ~onal views about managing large software developments. I have had various assignments during the past nit,. : years, mostly concerned with the development of software packages for spacecraft mission planning, commanding and post-flight analysis. In these assignments I have experienced different degrees of successwith respect to arriving at an operational state, on-time, and wi th in costs. I have become prejudiced by my experiences and I am going to relate some of these prejudices in this presentation.
Model-Following Sliding Mode Control for Active Four-Wheel Steering Vehicle

This paper proposes an active four-wheel steering control law that realizes zero sideslip angle and a flat characteristic of frequency response for lateral acceleration at a center of percussion. Furthermore, a model-following sliding mode control system, whose reference model is the linear vehicle model after feedback of the active four-wheel steering law, is added to guarantee robustness against tire nonlinearity, lateral disturbance and actuator failure. Computer simulations with a multi degrees-of-freedom vehicle model verify the robustness and the effectiveness of the proposed system.
Belt drive mechanics with absolute nodal coordinate finite element verification

This paper presents preliminary analytical and numerical procedures for the analysis of the motion of extensible belt/pulley systems. These procedures can be used to accurately predict the change in the belt velocity, tension force, normal force, friction force and the cross section deformations along the belt length at the steady state condition. The methods used in this paper relax the assumption of constant shear and internal moment along the belt length, leading to more accurate results as compared to the results obtained using previous models. The analytical solution obtained in this paper is validated by comparing it with the solution obtained using absolute nodal coordinate formulation (ANCF) finite elements. It is shown that considering the effect of the internal moment and assuming that the contact between the belt and the pulley has three stages lead to more realistic prediction of the belt system variables and more accurate values for the angles in the belt/pulley sliding zones. The change in the angular velocity of the driven pulley with respect to the driving pulley, the change in the cross section dimensions, and the belt stretch are predicted. The results obtained in this study also demonstrate that formulations presented in this paper lead to more accurate prediction for the belt tension, friction and normal forces. ANCF structural finite elements provide more general kinematic description that can be used to predict the cross section deformation and its coupling with the extension and bending of the belts and rubber chains.Copyright © 2010 by ASME
The association between emotional intelligence and decision making for pilots

Emotional Intelligence (EI) refers to the regulation, perception, and management of self and others’ emotions. EI has been used to gain insight into decision making in corporate Human Resource Management (HRM) contexts, as well as in stressful situations. The potential link between EI and decision making in HRM could have great benefit to training and management in high-consequence and safety-critical industries. This research investigated the association between EI and decision making of pilots in the aviation industry. The aim was to uncover the level of association between EI dimensions and decision making for pilots; as well as to understand the role that pilots perceive EI dimensions play in their decision making in safety-critical scenarios. One hundred and seventeen pilots completed an online survey comprised of the Wong-Law EI Scale, decision making scenarios, and open-ended questions. The mixed-method analysis of the survey data showed a correlation between individual EI dimensions and decision-making scenarios, rather than the total scores. There are potential implications for general HRM research in EI and decision making as well as practical implications for the aviation industry. Overall, it was found that there is a link between EI and decision making, specifically for scenarios that involve other cognitive functions.
Internal Change Mechanism of Integrated Reporting: A Field Study

Integrated reporting has a considerable impact on the decision-making of all stakeholders in firms. Moreover, the increasing importance of integrated reporting has brought about changes in the reporting process. The purpose of this study is to analyze the internal changes in the integrated reporting process in Turkish business entities. To achieve this purpose, a semi-structured interview with managers of these entities was conducted. The data obtained from the interviews were analyzed then the results were evaluated. We find that entities undergo a structural internal change that affects all components of firms in their reporting process, due to the impact of integrated reporting implementation and expectations.
Dysfunction of cerebellar microglia in Ataxia‐telangiectasia

Ataxia‐telangiectasia (A‐T) is a multisystem autosomal recessive disease caused by mutations in the ATM gene and characterized by cerebellar atrophy, progressive ataxia, immunodeficiency, male and female sterility, radiosensitivity, cancer predisposition, growth retardation, insulin‐resistant diabetes, and premature aging. ATM phosphorylates more than 1500 target proteins, which are involved in cell cycle control, DNA repair, apoptosis, modulation of chromatin structure, and other cytoplasmic as well as mitochondrial processes. In our quest to better understand the mechanisms by which ATM deficiency causes cerebellar degeneration, we hypothesized that specific vulnerabilities of cerebellar microglia underlie the etiology of A‐T. Our hypothesis is based on the recent finding that dysfunction of glial cells affect a variety of process leading to impaired neuronal functionality (Song et al., 2019). Whereas astrocytes and neurons descend from the neural tube, microglia originate from the hematopoietic system, invade the brain at early embryonic stage, and become the innate immune cells of the central nervous system and important participants in development of synaptic plasticity. Here we demonstrate that microglia derived from Atm−/− mouse cerebellum display accelerated cell migration and are severely impaired in phagocytosis, secretion of neurotrophic factors, and mitochondrial activity, suggestive of apoptotic processes. Interestingly, no microglial impairment was detected in Atm‐deficient cerebral cortex, and Atm deficiency had less impact on astroglia than microglia. Collectively, our findings validate the roles of glial cells in cerebellar attrition in A‐T.
The Effects of Using the CrossFit Kids Program on Academics and Fitness A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at George Mason University

THE EFFECTS OF USING THE CROSSFIT KIDS PROGRAM ON ACADEMICS AND FITNESS Kate Moran, Ph.D. George Mason University, 2014 Dissertation Director: Dr. Frederick J. Brigham The purpose of this study was to investigate the functional relation of the CrossFit Kids (CFK) program to an increase in level and slope of academic engagement, working memory, time-on-task, and overall physical fitness with four elementary level students with disabilities. The four participants were all students at an elementary school with varying levels of physical fitness, and none of the participants had any experience with the CFK program. The intervention was introduced in a multiple baseline single-subject research design across the participants. The CFK program was implemented as a part of an after school club that contained 10 other same aged students without identified disabilities. Prior to the implementation of the CFK program, baseline data was collected for physical fitness as well as time-on-task variables for a minimum of five sessions for each participant. Dependent Measures for this study included academic engagement, working memory, time-on-task, and physical fitness. Time-on-task was measured
Whole-Genome Characterization of Alfalfa Mosaic Virus Obtained from Metagenomic Analysis of Vinca minor and Wisteria sinensis in Iran: with Implications for the Genetic Structure of the Virus

Alfalfa mosaic virus (AMV), an economically important pathogen, is present worldwide with a very wide host range. This work reports for the first time the infection of Vinca minor and Wisteria sinensis with AMV using RNA sequencing and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction confirmation. De novo assembly and annotating of contigs revealed that RNA1, RNA2, and RNA3 genomic fragments consist of 3,690, 2,636, and 2,057 nucleotides (nt) for IR-VM and 3,690, 2,594, and 2,057 nt for IR-WS. RNA1 and RNA3 segments of IR-VM and IR-WS closely resembled those of the Chinese isolate HZ, with 99.23–99.26% and 98.04–98.09% nt identity, respectively. Their RNA2 resembled that of Canadian isolate CaM and American isolate OH-2-2017, with 97.96–98.07% nt identity. The P2 gene revealed more nucleotide diversity compared with other genes. Genes in the AMV genome were under dominant negative selection during evolution, and the P1 and coat protein (CP) proteins were subject to the strongest and weakest purifying selection, respectively. In the population genetic analysis based on the CP gene sequences, all 107 AMV isolates fell into two main clades (A, B) and isolates of clade A were further divided into three groups with significant subpopulation differentiation. The results indicated moderate genetic variation within and no clear geographic or genetic structure between the studied populations, implying moderate gene flow can play an important role in differentiation and distribution of genetic diversity among populations. Several factors have shaped the genetic structure and diversity of AMV: selection, recombination/reassortment, gene flow, and random processes such as founder effects.
Intellectual Capital, Market Value, and Financial Performance: Indonesia and Malaysia’s Banking Companies

This study aims to determine the effect of intellectual capital on market value with financial performance as an intervening variable: evidence from banking companies in Indonesia and Malaysia. The analysis tool uses Partial Least Square to test hypotheses. The results of this study are intellectual capital affects the financial performance of banking companies in Indonesia but does not affect the banking companies in Malaysia. Intellectual capital does not affect the market value of banking companies in Indonesia but affects banks in Malaysia. Financial performance affects market value in Indonesian banking companies but does not affect banking companies in Malaysia. For indirect or mediation effects, the result is that financial performance can mediate the effect of intellectual capital on market value in banking companies in Indonesia but not for banks in Malaysia. Banking companies must pay attention to intellectual capital management because of its impact on financial performance and market value. The market will give a higher valuation to companies that have increased financial performance. Next, companies with improved financial performance will be responded positively to the market so that it will increase market value.
Product Cost Estimation: Technique Classification and Methodology Review

This paper provides a detailed review of the state of the art in product cost estimation covering various techniques and methodologies developed over the years. The overall work is categorized into qualitative and quantitative techniques. The qualitative techniques are further subdivided into intuitive and analogical techniques, and the quantitative ones into parametric and analytical techniques. Each of the techniques is then described and discussed, in detail, with further subdivisions. The paper also signifies the importance of cost estimation in the early phases of the design cycle and, as such, briefly discusses the current trends and future directions in the area. Research work carried out in the field with reference to specific applications is also reviewed. The paper provides a comprehensive literature review in the field and should be useful to researchers and practitioners interested in this field.
Resource Management Demonstration at Russian Ridge Preserve

Five management options were explored for their effectiveness in maintaining biodiversity and limiting the spread of invasive exotic plant species into Coastal Grassland habitat on Midpeninsula Open Space District lands in San Mateo County, California. Management techniques included time-controlled intensive grazing, fire followed by spot application of herbicide, fire followed by seeding of native species, hand weedeating, tractor mowing, and spot application of herbicides. Costs and effectiveness for each treatment option are presented. Various options reduced yellow star thistle cover; others were effective in reducing the number and cover of exotic species, and some increased the cover and number of native species.
Urban Sustainability and Ecological Footprint towards Health Expenditure: A Conceptual Paper

Urban Sustainability is one of the most important agendas for a country to focus on as it makes the society and communities live in balance and defensible. The pleasant surrounding will create better production and economic growth. Most of the researchers found that the urban population will increase environmental degradation. It is involved the destruction of the environment and is included as one of the ecological footprints produced by humanity. The ecological footprint will increase and affect the health level of the nation. People may suffer skin irritation because of air pollution, diarrhea from water pollution, and others. Urbanization itself may directly influence health expenditure as it refers to the demographic transition from rural to urban. Since the population of urban is increasing, their health spending also increases. This paper will provide a conceptual framework on the relationship between urban sustainability and ecological footprints on health expenditure which can help spread the importance of urbanization policy to reduce the ecological footprint and spending. Therefore, the government may focus on other types of expenditure for the country’s development.