Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Limitation of Financial Health Prediction in Companies from Post-Communist Countries

The financial health of a company can be seen as the ability to maintain a balance against changing conditions in the environment and at the same time in relation to everyone participating in the business. In the evaluation of financial health and prediction of financial problems of the companies, various indexes are used that can serve as input for expert estimation or creation of various models using, for example, multi-dimensional statistical methods. The practical application of the proper method for evaluation of financial health has been analysed in post-communist countries, since they have common historic experiences and economic interests. During the research we followed up the following indexes: Altman model, Taffler model, Springate model, and the index IN, based on multi-dimensional discrimination analysis. From the research results there is obvious a necessity to combine available methods in post-communist countries and at least to eliminate their disadvantages partially. Experiences from prediction models have proved their relatively high prediction ability, but only in perfect conditions, which cannot be affirmed in post-communist countries. The task remains to modify existing indexes to concrete situations and problems of the individual industries in the chosen countries, which have unique conditions for business making.
Effects of homocysteine-lowering with folic acid plus vitamin B12 vs placebo on mortality and major morbidity in myocardial infarction survivors: a randomized trial.

CONTEXT Blood homocysteine levels are positively associated with cardiovascular disease, but it is uncertain whether the association is causal. OBJECTIVE To assess the effects of reducing homocysteine levels with folic acid and vitamin B(12) on vascular and nonvascular outcomes. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PATIENTS Double-blind randomized controlled trial of 12,064 survivors of myocardial infarction in secondary care hospitals in the United Kingdom between 1998 and 2008. INTERVENTIONS 2 mg folic acid plus 1 mg vitamin B(12) daily vs matching placebo. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES First major vascular event, defined as major coronary event (coronary death, myocardial infarction, or coronary revascularization), fatal or nonfatal stroke, or noncoronary revascularization. RESULTS Allocation to the study vitamins reduced homocysteine by a mean of 3.8 micromol/L (28%). During 6.7 years of follow-up, major vascular events occurred in 1537 of 6033 participants (25.5%) allocated folic acid plus vitamin B(12) vs 1493 of 6031 participants (24.8%) allocated placebo (risk ratio [RR], 1.04; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.97-1.12; P = .28). There were no apparent effects on major coronary events (vitamins, 1229 [20.4%], vs placebo, 1185 [19.6%]; RR, 1.05; 95% CI, 0.97-1.13), stroke (vitamins, 269 [4.5%], vs placebo, 265 [4.4%]; RR, 1.02; 95% CI, 0.86-1.21), or noncoronary revascularizations (vitamins, 178 [3.0%], vs placebo, 152 [2.5%]; RR, 1.18; 95% CI, 0.95-1.46). Nor were there significant differences in the numbers of deaths attributed to vascular causes (vitamins, 578 [9.6%], vs placebo, 559 [9.3%]) or nonvascular causes (vitamins, 405 [6.7%], vs placebo, 392 [6.5%]) or in the incidence of any cancer (vitamins, 678 [11.2%], vs placebo, 639 [10.6%]). CONCLUSION Substantial long-term reductions in blood homocysteine levels with folic acid and vitamin B(12) supplementation did not have beneficial effects on vascular outcomes but were also not associated with adverse effects on cancer incidence. TRIAL REGISTRATION isrctn.org Identifier: ISRCTN74348595.
Agency theory approach of the relationship between performance, compensation and value creation in the companies listed on Euronext Lisbon

The aim of the present study was to understand, in Portugal, relationships between the Chief Executive Officer (CEO) and the organizational performance, on the one hand, and relationships between the shareholder value creation and the CEO total compensation, on the other hand. This research is divided into two parts. The first part was examined whether organizational performance based on accounting measures influences organizational performance based on market measures and whether organizational performance based on accounting measures and market measures influences the CEO total compensation. The second part of the study analyses whether organizational performance, based on accounting measures and market measures, and the CEO total compensation influence the shareholder value creation. This research was based on agency theory assumptions in order to build the analysis model. The sample was composed of companies listed on Euronext Lisbon. The data analysis was performed using the structural equation modelling method. The results showed that organizational performance based on accounting measures influences organizational performance based on market measures, the CEO total compensation and the shareholder value creation.
UvA-DARE ( Digital Academic Repository ) Edge-driven color constancy

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Lepto-hadronic model for the broadband emission of Cygnus X-1

Cygnus X-1 is a well observed microquasar. Broadband observations at all wavelengths have been collected over the years. The origin of the MeV tail observed with COMPTEL and INTEGRAL is still under debate and it has mostly been attributed to the corona, although its high degree of polarization suggests it is synchrotron radiation from a jet. The origin of the transient emission above $\sim 100$ GeV is also unclear. We aim to disentangle the origin of the broadband spectral energy distribution (SED) of Cygnus X-1, focusing particularly on the gamma-ray emission, and to gain information on the physical conditions inside the jets. We develop and apply a lepto-hadronic, inhomogeneous jet model to the non-thermal SED of Cygnus X-1. We calculate the contributions to the SED of both protons and electrons accelerated in an extended region of the jet. We also estimate the radiation of charged secondaries produced in hadronic interactions, through several radiative processes. Absorption effects are considered. We produce synthetic maps of the jets at radio wavelengths. We find two sets of model parameters that lead to good fits of the SED. One of the models fits all the observations, including the MeV tail. This model also predicts hadronic gamma-ray emission slightly below the current upper limits. The flux predicted at 8.4 GHz is in agreement with the observations available in the literature, although the synthetic source is more compact than the imaged radio jet. Our results show that the MeV emission in Cygnus X-1 may be jet synchrotron radiation. This depends mainly on the strength of the jet magnetic field and the location of the injection region of the relativistic particles. Our calculations show that there must be energetic electrons in the jets quite far from the black hole.
Phonetics and Prosody in Conversation

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INSIGHTS INTO RISING PENSION COSTS IN ILLINOIS MUNICIPALITIES

This article examines the funding status of downstate (which includes suburban) Illinois police and fire pension funds in relation to professional recommendations, the numbers of participants, benefits, actuarial assets and liabilities. In addition, relationships between municipal characteristics and changes in funding ratios are analyzed to provide insight into the factors associated with changes in funding ratios. The article concludes with a discussion of potential approaches for addressing rising pensions with possible implications for Illinois.
Fetus-derived DLK 1 is required for maternal metabolic adaptations to pregnancy and is associated with fetal growth restriction

Pregnancy is a state of high metabolic demand. Fasting diverts metabolism to fatty acid oxidation, and the fasted response occurs much more rapidly in pregnant women than in the non-pregnant state. The product of the imprinted Delta-like homologue 1 gene (DLK1) is an endocrine signaling molecule that reaches a high concentration in the maternal circulation during late pregnancy. By utilising murine models with deleted Dlk1 we show that the fetus is the source of maternal circulating DLK1. In the absence of fetally-derived DLK1, the maternal fasting response is impaired. Furthermore, we found that maternal circulating DLK1 levels predict embryonic mass in mice and can differentiate healthy small for gestational age (SGA) from pathologically small infants in a human cohort. Therefore measurement of DLK1 in maternal blood may be a valuable method for diagnosing human disorders associated with impaired DLK1 expression, and to predict poor intrauterine growth and complications of pregnancy. Corresponding author m.charalambous@qmul.ac. uk. Author Contributions M.C. , M.A.M.C. , A.C. F–S. , G.C. S.S. conceived and designed the experiments. M.C. , M.A.M.C. , J.A.C. , M.H. , I.G. , N.T. , C.L. D. , D.S. C–J. performed the experiments. M.C. , M.A.M.C. , A.C. F–S. , C.L. D. F.G. , G.C. S.S. analysed the data. M.C. U.S. performed statistical analysis. S.R. B. , T.L. P., A.C. F–S. , G.C. S.S. contributed reagents. M.C. , M.A.M.C. , A.C. F–S. , G.C. S.S. wrote the manuscript. M.C. , A.C. F–S. , G.C. S.S. provided supervision. Competing financial interests The authors declare no competing financial interests. Europe PMC Funders Group Author Manuscript Nat Genet. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2017 June 01. Published in final edited form as: Nat Genet. 2016 December ; 48(12): 1473–1480. doi:10.1038/ng.3699. E uope PM C Fuders A uhor M ancripts E uope PM C Fuders A uhor M ancripts
From categories to dimensions: spatio-temporal dynamics of the cerebral representations of emotion in voice

Whether the human brain represents emotional stimuli as discrete categories or continuous dimensions is still widely debated. Here we directly contrasted the power of categorical and dimensional models at explaining behavior and cerebral activity in the context of perceived emotion in the voice. We combined functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and magneto-encephalography (MEG) to measure with high spatiotemporal precision the dynamics of cerebral activity in participants who listened to voice stimuli expressing a range of emotions. The participants also provided a detailed perceptual assessment of the stimuli. By using representational similarity analysis (RSA), we show that the participants’ perceptual representation of the stimuli was initially dominated by discrete categories and an early (<200ms) cerebral response. These responses showed significant associations between brain activity and the categorical model in the auditory cortex starting as early as 77ms. Furthermore, we observed strong associations between the arousal and valence dimensions and activity in several cortical and subcortical areas at later latencies (>500ms). Our results thus show that both categorical and dimensional models account for patterns of cerebral responses to emotions in voices but with a different timeline and detail as to how these patterns evolve from discrete categories to progressively refined continuous dimensions. One Sentence Summary: Emotions expressed in the voice are instantly categorized in cortical processing and their distinct qualities are refined dimensionally only later on.
Influence of organic-mineral fertilization of an oxisol on soil chemical properties and Bracharia brizantha production

The use of organic-mineral fertilizer produced by the manufacturing industry of lysine and threonine amino acids can improve the fertility of tropical soils. The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of different doses of the organic-mineral fertilizer named Ajifer L-14 on chemical properties and on the response with increased production of a forage on a Red Latosol in the northwestern region of Sao Paulo State, Brazil. A randomized block design was used with seven treatments and four replications. The treatments consisted of: T1- control (without application of Ajifer L-14); T2- control (natural vegetation); T3- mineral fertilization according to crop requirements and soil analysis (application of 1.35 kg plot-1 of urea, 2.20 single superphosphate, and 0.51 KCl, corresponding to 60 of N, 40 P2O5 and 30 kg ha-1 of K2O); T4- fertilization with Ajifer L-14 according to the recommendation resulting from the soil chemical analysis (40 L plot-1, corresponding to 60 kg ha-1 N); T5- fertilization with Ajifer L-14, at a rate of 150 % of the recommended values (60 L plot-1, corresponding to 90 kg ha-1 N); T6- fertilization with Ajifer L-14 at a rate of 50 % of the recommended values (20 L plot-1, corresponding to 30 kg ha-1 N); T7- fertilization with Ajifer L-14 at a rate of 125 % of the recommended values (50 L plot-1, corresponding to 75 kg ha-1 N); T8- fertilization with Ajifer L-14 at a rate of 75 % of the recommended values (30 L plot-1, corresponding to 45 kg ha-1 N). The following soil chemical properties were evaluated (layers 0.0-0.1 and 0.1-0.2 m): P, organic matter, pH, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+, cation exchange capacity, potential acidity, and base saturation. The application of this organic-mineral fertilizer does not influence the soil chemical properties. Regression analysis indicated a polynomial relationship between the application rates of organic-mineral fertilizer and the production of dry matter and crude protein of Bracharia Brizantha.
Creating Cosmopolitan Subjects: The Role of Families and Private Schools in England

This article examines the ways in which cosmopolitanism is imagined and planned for by 91 young women attending four private (elite) schools in one area of England. Despite many study participants coming from families where parents travelled internationally for business, few had a strong desire to reproduce such orientations in their own futures. Moreover, the elite schools attended placed relatively little emphasis on cosmopolitanism and transnationally mobile futures. For the few English young women doing the International Baccalaureate and/or actively considering higher education abroad, the decision to do so was driven by individual rather than family or social ambitions. Through our analysis we consider further whether cosmopolitanism is a form of (cultural) capital or a quality more embedded within the girls’ habitus. The relatively ambivalent attitude to cosmopolitanism found in the study schools ties in to an ethnocentrism which sees an ‘English education’ as among the most prestigious in the world.
NO VERB IS AN ISLAND: NEGATIVE EVIDENCE ON THE VERB ISLAND HYPOTHESIS *

The Verb Island hypothesis (Tomasello, 1992) is a theory of how children develop verbal argument structure constructions. It claims that young children's verbs are islands, each developing its own mini-syntax independently of other verbs. Simple patterns are learned by imitation; more complex ones develop from the simpler antecedents for each verb separately. Recent research findings do not support the insularity hypothesis, showing considerable inter-item transfer in children's earliest syn- tax. The present study tested the second claim of this theory regarding the construction of complex schemas from simpler antecedents. The original analysis of searching the Travis corpus for antece- dents of 3-word sentences was repeated, concentrating only on novel verbal argument constructions. The results showed that 40% of the verbs in novel SVO constructions had no antecedent uses in the corpus, and none of the VIO patterns had. Regardless of the presence or absence of antecedent paradigms, the development of the SVO pattern for new verbs was facilitated by other verbs previo- usly learned in the same syntactic construction. The findings make it unlikely that more complex verbal argument structure constructions develop by combining less complex constructions for the relevant verbs. New constructions are probably learned from the linguistic input, the learning task facilitated by transfer from the syntax of other verbs. Apparently, children's developing grammar is not a collection of verb-islands but a system from day one.
Hamstring Stretches-Frequency Required to Maintain Knee Extension Range of Motion

Stretching exercises are commonly prescribed in training and rehabilitation programmes. The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency of on-going hamstring stretching required to maintain knee extension range of motion (ROM) following an initial stretching programme. A test-retest randomised control trial was undertaken. Sixty-three healthy male participants were randomly assigned to two stretch groups and a control group. Active knee extension (AKE) stretches were performed five days a week for an initial six weeks. Stretch group 1 then reduced the frequency of stretching to three days per week, and stretch group 2, to one day per week, for a further six weeks. The control group did not stretch. Active knee extension ROM was measured at baseline, weeks six and 12. A significant improvement in AKE ROM was observed in stretch group 1 (17.5° SD 11.8°) and 2 (18.8° SD 7.1°) after the initial six weeks of stretching (p < 0.05). After six-weeks of on-going stretching group 1 maintained their improvement in ROM, whereas stretch group 2 lost ROM. The difference between stretching groups was significant (p < 0.05) and no change in ROM was observed in the control group. These results indicate that an on-going hamstring stretching programme with a frequency of three times a week is required to maintain the initial improvement in ROM. Reid DA, Kim J (2014) The frequency of hamstring stretches required to maintain knee extension range of motion following an initial six-week stretching programme New Zealand Journal of Physiotherapy 42(1): 22-27.
Fiscal policy coordination in currency unions (at the zero lower bound)

Within currency unions, according to the pre-crises consensus, countries can rely on fiscal policy to stabilize economic activity locally. Monetary policy's role, in turn, is to stabilize economic activity at the union level. Against this background, we reassess the optimal degree of fiscal stabilization within currency union provided that monetary policy is constrained by the zero lower bound on nominal interest rates. Specifically, we contrast the optimal level of government consumption from an individual country's perspective with the optimal level from the union's perspective and explore the need for coordinating expansionary fiscal policies.
Designing Sustainable HRM: The Core Characteristics of Emerging Field

The common agreement in human resource management (HRM) literature suggests that organizations willing to attract and retain human resources for running business in the future must change the prevailing situation where human resources are rather consumed than developed. In doing this, sustainable HRM has been introduced recently as a response to changes on societal level, labor market, and employment relations. Sustainable HRM is seen as an extension of strategic HRM and presents a new approach to people management with the focus on long-term human resource development, regeneration, and renewal. However, the attributes of sustainable HRM, as compared to mainstream HRM, are not clear. The paper aims at closing this gap by proposing and revealing the characteristics of sustainable HRM, namely: Long-term orientation, care of employees, care of environment, profitability, employee participation and social dialogue, employee development, external partnership, flexibility, compliance beyond labour regulations, employee cooperation, fairness, and equality. This is a theoretical paper.
Institutional Repository Reflection of sound from random distributions of semicylinders on a hard plane : models and data

A new analytical theory for multiple scattering of cylindrical acoustic waves by an array of finite impedance semi-cylinders embedded in a smooth acoustically hard surface is derived by extending previous results for plane waves [Linton and Martin, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 117 (6) 3413 – 3423 (2005)]. Although the computational demands of the new theory increase as the number of the semi-cylinders in the arrays and/or the frequency increases, the theory offers an improvement on analytical boss theories since the latter (i) are restricted to non-deterministic (infinite) random distributions of semi-cylinders with spacing/radii small compared to the incident wavelength and (ii) are derived only for plane waves. The influence on prediction accuracy of truncation of the infinite system of equations introduced by the new theory is explored empirically. Laboratory measurements have been made over deterministic random arrays of identical varnished wooden semi-cylinders on a glass plate. The agreement between predictions and measured relative Sound Pressure Level spectra is very good both for single deterministic random distributions and for averages representing non-deterministic random distributions. The analytical theory is found to give identical results to a Boundary Element calculation but is much faster to compute. PACS numbers: 43.50. Vt, 43.28. En
APPLICATION OF SIMULATION TO STUDY DECISION MAKING IN HANDBALL

Various studies on cognitive expertise have developed a new approach to describing the superiority of experts on novices as a benefit of directory knowledge acquired at the heart of practice. This study had as its main objective to confirm the superiority of cognitive performance sports experts. Indeed, the interaction of conceptual knowledge (treatment level) and perceptual knowledge (low-level processing) optimizes performance through a rapid recall and recognition memory knowledge among experts. It does not reach this performance was achieved in the novices. The results confirm that a large repertoire of knowledge acquired through practice facilitates the response to the demands of sporting tasks.