Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Mg/Ca thermometry in planktic foraminifera: Improving paleotemperature estimations for G. bulloides and N. pachyderma left

Planktic foraminiferal Mg/Ca ratios have become a fundamental seawater temperature proxy in past climate reconstructions, due to the temperature dependence of Mg uptake into foraminiferal calcite. However, empirical calibrations for single species from methodologically consistent data are still lacking. Here we present species‐specific calibrations of Mg/Ca versus calcification temperature for two commonly used species of planktic foraminifera: Globigerina bulloides and Neogloboquadrina pachyderma left, based on a series of Southern Ocean and North Atlantic core tops. Combining these new data with previously published data, we derive an integrated G. bulloides Mg/Ca‐temperature calibration for mid and high latitudes of both hemispheres between 2 and 18°C, where Mg/Ca = 1.006 ± 0.032 * e0.065 ± 0.003*Tiso (R2 = 0.82). G. bulloides is found to calcify deeper in the Southern Ocean (∼ 200 m) than in the North Atlantic (top 50 m). We also propose a Mg/Ca temperature calibration to describe the temperature response in N. pachyderma left that calcified away from the influence of sea ice in the Southern Ocean, valid between ∼ −1 and 9°C, of the form Mg/Ca = 0.580 ± 0.016 * e0.084 ± 0.006*Tiso (R2 = 0.70). These calibrations account for uncertainties on Mg/Ca measurements and calcification temperature that were carefully estimated and propagated using Monte Carlo iterations. The 1σ propagated error in Mg/Ca‐derived temperatures is 1.1°C for G. bulloides and 0.9°C for N. pachyderma left for the presented data sets. Geographical extension of genotypes must be assessed when choosing to develop regional or global calibrations.
Impact of groundwater dynamics and soil-type on modelling coupled water exchange processes between land and atmosphere

Regional atmospheric models such as the Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF) employ land-surface models (LSMs) that usually neglect the influence of the saturated zone. An inadequate representation of the interaction between the saturated and unsaturated zones, however, could lead to unrealistic soil-moisture and -temperature conditions and thus introduce limitations to accurately describing the evapotranspiration and planetary boundary layer processes, and consequently precipitation generation. We present a process study comparing two parameterization schemes for groundwater-soil-moisture interaction in the Noah-LSM against the standard free-drainage lower boundary. It serves as the foundation for a fully two- way coupled extension of the hydrological-atmospheric model system, WRF-Hydro.With the groundwater controlled lower boundary condition, depending on the soil-type, the resulting annual water budgets change by up to 20% for the volumetric water content of the top soil layer, by 6 to 67 mm for surface runoff, and by -10 to 75 mm for evapotranspiration.
New ontogenetic information on Duyunaspis duyunensis Zhang & Qian in Zhou et al., 1977 (Trilobita, Corynexochida) from the Cambrian and its possible sexual dimorphism

Lei, Q.P., September . 2015. New ontogenetic information on Duyunaspis duyunensis Zhang & Qian in Zhou et al., 1977 (Trilobita, Corynexochida) from the Cambrian and its possible sexual dimorphism. Alcheringa 40, XXX–XXX. ISSN 0311-5518. The hypostomal condition and the complete ontogenetic development of Duyunaspis duyunensis Zhang & Qian in Zhou et al., 1977 are restudied on the basis of abundant specimens from the Balang Formation (Cambrian, Qiandongian) in Zila Village, Paiwu Township, Huayuan County, Hunan Province. The relatively complete ontogenetic series (degree 0 to 9) provides new evidence that the holaspis of this species has nine rather than seven thoracic segments as proposed by McNamara et al. (2006). Comparisons between Duyunaspis duyunensis and two associated species, Arthricocephalus chauveaui and Changaspis elongata, support its placement in the Subfamily Oryctocarinae. Moreover, based on observations of a large number of specimens, the presence of an anterior indentation on the pygidial end is possibly representative of sexual dimorphism. Qianping Lei [cicelyapple@126.com], Natural Department, Changzhou Museum, Changzhou, Jiangsu Province, 213022, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy, Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, PR China.
Metamorphic rocks in the Antarctic Peninsula region

Abstract The distribution of metamorphic rocks in the Antarctic Peninsula region, new quantitative peak pressure–temperature data along the Antarctic Peninsula, and a literature review on the current knowledge of metamorphic conditions in the Antarctic Peninsula region have been compiled into a single metamorphic map. The pressure–temperature data for the Antarctic Peninsula indicate (1) burial of supracrustal rocks to low to mid-crustal depth along the eastern and western side of the Antarctic Peninsula and on some islands adjacent to the western side of the peninsula; (2) uplift of lower- to mid-crustal metamorphic rocks along major shear and fault zones; and (3) a reversed succession of metamorphic grades for the western domain of the Antarctic Peninsula region compared to the eastern domain along the Eastern Palmer Land Shear Zone (EPLSZ) of the Antarctic Peninsula. The metamorphic data are consistent with oblique convergence between Alexander Island (the Western Domain), Palmer Land (Central Domain) and the Gondwana margin (the Eastern Domain), supporting a model of (1) exhumation and shearing of the higher pressure rocks from central western (up to 9.4 kbar) and from northeast (7 kbar to 9 kbar) Palmer Land, (2) the exhumation and shearing of low to medium pressure rocks in western Palmer Land and along the Eastern Palmer Land Shear Zone, and (3) shallow burial and subsequent exhumation of sediments of the Gondwana margin along the Eastern Palmer Land Shear Zone. Based on the high-amphibolite grade rocks exposed in central western Palmer Land, our data also support earlier suggestions that the Eastern Palmer Land Shear Zone is the surface expression of a northwest- to west-dipping, deep-level, high-temperature crustal shear zone extending below the western part of the Central Domain of the Antarctic Peninsula.
Early Jurassic Trochotomidae (Vetigastropoda, Pleurotomarioidea) from the Neuquén Basin, Argentina

Abstract. Trochotomidae is a small but distinctive extinct family of pleurotomarioidean gastropods characterized by trochiform shells with an elliptical trema. Two new species of trochotomids are described from Pliensbachian deposits in the Neuquén Basin, Argentina. The new genus-group name Placotoma is proposed to replace the pre-occupied name Discotoma Haber non Mulsant. The record of Trochotoma (Trochotoma) protonotialis new species and Trochotoma (Placotoma) neuquensis new species in the early Jurassic of Argentina extends the paleobiogeographical distribution of the genus (and the family) to the Southern Hemisphere. The new taxa reported here represent a component of the pleurotomarioidean adaptive radiation that took place in the Tethyan region during the earliest Jurassic. They are related to local patch coral reefs of shallow, open-marine paleoenvironments, agreeing with the known habitat of most species of this family. The group was well represented in the Tethyan region during the Mesozoic, especially during the Jurassic, and the new species represent its southernmost occurrence.
Epidemiology of Current Asthma in Children Under 18: A Two-Decade Overview Using National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) Data

Objective: This study conducted a comprehensive two-decade analysis of current asthma among children under 18 in the United States using National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) data. The primary objective was to assess the prevalence of current asthma, evaluate temporal trends, and identify disparities based on gender, age, insurance status, household poverty levels, and race/ethnicity. Methods: Data spanning 2003-2019 from NCHS were analyzed, focusing on current asthma prevalence among children under 18. Age-adjusted prevalence rates were calculated and stratified by various factors, including gender, age groups, health insurance status, poverty levels, and race/ethnicity. Results: The study revealed substantial disparities in current asthma prevalence. Over the two-decade period, the overall prevalence of current asthma fluctuated. It increased from 2003 (8.5%) to 2009 (9.6%) and then decreased by 2019 (7.0%). Gender disparities were evident, with males (9.9%) consistently reporting a higher prevalence than females (7.5%). Older children aged between 10-17 years (10.4%) consistently had a higher prevalence of asthma than younger children aged 0-4 (5.3%) and 5-9 years (9.5%). Children with Medicaid insurance (11.2%) had the highest prevalence, followed by insured (8.9%), privately insured (7.7%), and uninsured children (6.1%). Children living below the federal poverty level (FPL) consistently reported the highest prevalence (11.3%), while children above 400% of the FPL (7.1%) had the lowest prevalence. Racial disparities were observed, with Black children (14.3%) having higher asthma prevalence, followed by White (7.6%) and Asian children (5.4%). Conclusion: The study highlights significant disparities in current asthma prevalence over the two-decade period analyzed. While the overall prevalence showed fluctuations, it generally increased from 2003 to 2009 and then decreased by 2019. Gender disparities were evident, with males consistently reporting a higher prevalence compared to females. Older children in the 10-17 age group consistently had a higher asthma prevalence than younger age groups. Moreover, disparities based on insurance status and income levels were also apparent, with children on Medicaid and those living below the FPL reporting higher asthma prevalence. Racial disparities were observed, with Black children having the highest prevalence, followed by White and Asian children. These findings emphasize the importance of addressing these disparities and tailoring interventions to improve asthma management and prevention across different demographic groups.
Palaeocene- early Eocene climatic evolution in the Tethyan realm: clay mineral evidence

Abstract Clay mineral associations of Palaeocene and Eocene age, with special attention to the late Palaeocene thermal maximum, have been examined in ten sections from the Tethys (Egypt, Israel, Tunisia, Spain and Kazakhstan) and Atlantic (England). A widespread abundance of kaolinite in marine sediments at all locations suggests a warm and humid climate with high rainfall in the Tethys region during the early Palaeocene. In the coastal basins along the southern margin (Israel and southern Tunisia), kaolinite disappears gradually giving way to palygorskite and sepiolite, suggesting the progressive development of arid climatic conditions in this part of the Tethys from the late Palaeocene to the early Eocene. Remarkably, kaolinite increases strongly throughout most of the Tethys during the late Palaeocene thermal maximum (LPTM) reflecting an episode of humidity and warmth and coincident with a global maximum warmth of seawaters inferred from oxygen isotopic data.
EMISSION DE CENDRES PENDANT L'ACTIVITE EXPLOSIVE DES VOLCANS ITALIENS EN ZONE DISTALE : ESTIMATION, CARACTERISATION PHYSICO-CHIMIQUE ET CONTRUCTION D'UNE BASE DE DONNEE POUR MIEUX EVALUER LES ALEAS VOLCANIQUES DANS LE SUD DE L'ITALIE.

En plus de la destruction des sites a proximites des volcans, l'accumulation de cendres volcaniques dans les zones distales peut causer de graves dommages. De plus l'evaluation de ces dangers n'est pas pleinement prise en compte dans les plans de mitigation actuels. L'etude de la dispersion des retombees pyroclastiques produites par les eruptions explosives des volcans Italiens lors du Quaternaire est le sujet de cette these. L'etude tephrostratigraphique de trois carottes lacustres des lacs de Shkodra et Ohrid (Albanie) et d'une carotte marine du Nord de la mer Ionienne a ete realisee. Dix-sept niveaux de tephra ont ete correles aux eruptions explosives de A.D. 472, Avellino (3.9 cal. ka BP) du Vesuve, Monte Pilato (A.D.1200), Gabellotto-Fiumebianco (8.6 cal ka BP) et Monte Guardia (22 ka BP) de l'ile de Lipari, FL (3.4 cal. ka BP) de l'Etna, Astroni (4.2 cal. ka BP), Agnano Monte Spina (4.5 cal. ka BP), Agnano Pomici Principali (12.3 cal. ka BP), SMP1-Y3 (31 ka) et l'Ignimbrite Campanienne-Y5 (39 ka) des Champs Phlegreens, X6 (107 ka) de la region Campanienne, et de P11 (131 ka) de l'ile de Pantelleria. Cinq autres niveaux de tephra possedent la composition que les depots de l'eruption vesuvienne de Mercato. Cela suggere une activite explosive entre les eruptions pliniennes de Mercato (8.9 cal ka BP) et Avellino (3.9 cal ka BP). Toutes ces donnees ont ete integrees, avec les donnees preexistantes de la litterature, dans la banque de donnees d'un SIG. Cette banque de donnees couplee a un SIG permet de grandement ameliorer les dispersions des cendres et represente un outil qui ameliore la mitigation des risques volcaniques dans la region centrale de la Mediterranee.
Which curve is better? A comparative analysis of trauma scoring systems in a South Asian country

Objectives A diverse set of trauma scoring systems are used globally to predict outcomes and benchmark trauma systems. There is a significant potential benefit of using these scores in low and middle-income countries (LMICs); however, its standardized use based on type of injury is still limited. Our objective is to compare trauma scoring systems between neurotrauma and polytrauma patients to identify the better predictor of mortality in low-resource settings. Methods Data were extracted from a digital, multicenter trauma registry implemented in South Asia for a secondary analysis. Adult patients (≥18 years) presenting with a traumatic injury from December 2021 to December 2022 were included in this study. Injury Severity Score (ISS), Trauma and Injury Severity Score (TRISS), Revised Trauma Score (RTS), Mechanism/GCS/Age/Pressure score and GCS/Age/Pressure score were calculated for each patient to predict in-hospital mortality. We used receiver operating characteristic curves to derive sensitivity, specificity and area under the curve (AUC) for each score, including Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS). Results The mean age of 2007 patients included in this study was 41.2±17.8 years, with 49.1% patients presenting with neurotrauma. The overall in-hospital mortality rate was 17.2%. GCS and RTS proved to be the best predictors of in-hospital mortality for neurotrauma (AUC: 0.885 and 0.874, respectively), while TRISS and ISS were better predictors for polytrauma patients (AUC: 0.729 and 0.722, respectively). Conclusion Trauma scoring systems show differing predictability for in-hospital mortality depending on the type of trauma. Therefore, it is vital to take into account the region of body injury for provision of quality trauma care. Furthermore, context-specific and injury-specific use of these scores in LMICs can enable strengthening of their trauma systems. Level of evidence Level III.
Al-Qadisiyah Journal of Pure Science Al-Qadisiyah Journal of Pure Science

: In this work was measured characteristics (current - voltage) for the ( α--Fe 2 O 3 ) thin films . The characteristics of the current density-voltage(J-V) were calculated at in both dark and light (100 mW/cm 2 ) conditions. The parameters for this research of the photovoltaic samples, that is, were obtained directly from the curves of the resulting characteristics on the basic variables for the solar cell: the short circuit current density (J sc ) , saturation current (J o ), open-circuit voltage (V oc ) , fill factor ( FF), and efficiency of solar energy conversion (yield) ƞ .
Correlation Between B line in Lung Ultrasound and Plasma NT-proBNP Level in Patients with Acute Heart Failure

Background: Acute heart failure (AHF) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Although this is a common cause of dyspnoea, its diagnosis still represents a challenge. Lung ultrasound (LUS) is an emerging point-of-care diagnostic tool. Objective: The aim of the study was to assess the Correlation between B line in lung ultrasound and plasma NT-proBNP level in patients with acute heart failure & thus to assess the predictive value of B line in patients with suspected acute heart failure. Materials and Method: Crosssectional observational study conducted in cardiology department of BSMMU from October 2020 to September 2021. Study procedure: 36 patients presenting with of shortness of breath or heart failure diagnosis were enrolled meeting inclusion and exclusion criteria. The number of B-lines by Lung Ultrasound was measured. Correlation between number of B-lines on lung ultrasonography and NT-proBNP level were analyzed. Results: There is a positive correlation between the number of B-lines and the NT-proBNP levels (r=0.55, p< 0.01) in acute heart failure patients. Conclusion: Patients presenting with acute shortness of breath with raised NTproBNP level, B line detection &quantification by lung ultrasound can be used as a tool for a faster diagnosis and decision-making on lung congestion in acute heart failure. University Heart Journal 2023; 19(1): 15-19
Micritized Skeletal Grains in Northern Belize Lagoon: A Major Source of Mg-calcite Mud

ABSTRACT Lime mud in northern Belize lagoon is composed predominantly of silt-size cryptocrystalline grains and clay-size clumps, both of which consist of anhedral, equant crystals less than 0.5 µm in size. This mud is 70-90% Mg-calcite containing 9-10 mole % MgCO3. Detailed petrographic, morphologic and mineralogic analyses suggest that the cryptocrystalline grains are micritized skeletal grains and that the mud formed by abrasion and bioerosion of these altered grains. Micritization of skeletal grains occurred primarily by recrystallization of original skeletal carbonate (laths, prisms and blades of Mg-calcite, aragonite and calcite) to equant crystals of micritic Mg-calcite, with additional alteration by micritic infilling of microborings and skeletal cavities. Because of d fferences between crystal morphologies and mineralogies of original skeletal components and their micritized counterparts, mud produced by diminution of micritized grains is distinct from that produced by skeletal breakdown. The abundance of cryptocrystalline grains in the Bahamas and other shallow carbonate environments suggests that micritized grains are potentially an important source of lime mud that has not previously been identified.
Palynological evidence for environmental and climatic change in the lower Guadiana valley, Portugal, during the last 13 000 years

Pollen analysis of a 48 m AMS radiocarbon-dated sediment sequence from the Guadiana estuary provides the first record of Lateglacial and Holocene vegetation history in the Algarve province of Portugal. This paper focuses on the record of terrestrial pollen taxa, which document a series of forest expansions and declines during the period 13 000 cal. BP to 1600 cal. BP and provide insights into climate evolution in southwestern Iberia. The main vegetation phases identified in the Guadiana valley are (1) Lateglacial interstadial (Allerød) forest with Quercus and Pinus under a temperate, moist, continental climate; (2) a Younger Dryas forest decline (Quercus) and expansion of pinewoods, xeric scrub and open ground habitats (with Juniperus , Artemisia, Ephedra distachya type, Centaurea scabiosa type) under arid and cold conditions; (3) an early Holocene forest/scrub/open-ground vegetation mosaic developing under a warm, dry and continental climate; (4) a maximum of Quercus forest and thermomediterranean evergreen taxa (Olea, Phillyrea, Pistacia) reflecting a warm, moist oceanic climate between c. 9000 cal. BP and c. 5000 cal. BP; and (5) the expansion of shrublands with Cistaceae and Ericaceae under a drier climatic regime and increasing anthropogenic activity since c. 5000 cal. BP. Holocene episodes of maximum climatic aridity are identified in the record of xerophytic taxa (Juniperus, Artemisia, Ephedra distachya type) centred around 10 200 cal. BP, 7800 cal. BP, 4800 cal. BP, 3100 cal. BP and 1700 cal. BP. Regional comparisons suggest a correlation of arid phases across southern Iberia and northwest Africa, which can be related to abrupt North Atlantic coolings (Bond events).
Silver Nanoparticles and Graphene Oxide Complex as an Anti-Inflammatory Biocompatible Liquid Nano-Dressing for Skin Infected with Staphylococcus aureus

Background Bacterial skin infections, including Staphylococcus aureus, are a powerful and still not fully resolved problem. The aim of this research was to determine the possibility of using a complex of graphene oxide (GO) encrusted with silver nanoparticles as an effective antibacterial agent against S. aureus and to assess its pro-inflammatory properties. Methods The tests were carried out in vitro on EpiDerm™ Skin, an artificial skin model (MatTek in vitro Life Science Laboratories, Slovak Republic), and the fibroblast cell line (HFF-2 from ATCC, USA). Both models were infected with S. aureus bacteria (ATCC 25923) and then treated with antibiotics or our experimental factors: silver nanoparticles (AgNPs, Nano-koloid, Poland), graphene oxide (GO, NanoPoz, Poland), and complex AgNP-GO (hydrocolloid created by self-assembly). Results The antibacterial effectiveness of the AgNP-GO complex was equivalent to that of the antibiotic. In addition, an increase in the level of pro-inflammatory cytokines was observed under the influence of antibiotic administration, in contrast to the effect of AgNP-GO, which showed very limited pro-inflammatory activity. Conclusion Hydrocolloid of the AgNP-GO complex, administered in the form of a liquid dressing, may act as an antibacterial agent and also reduce inflammation induced by S. aureus infection.
Metabolic Profiles of Cancer Stem Cells and Normal Stem Cells and Their Therapeutic Significance

Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are a rare cancer cell population, responsible for the facilitation, progression, and resistance of tumors to therapeutic interventions. This subset of cancer cells with stemness and tumorigenic properties is organized in niches within the tumor microenvironment (TME) and presents altered regulation in a variety of metabolic pathways, including glycolysis, oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), as well as lipid, amino acid, and iron metabolism. CSCs exhibit similarities as well as differences when comparedto normal stem cells, but also possess the ability of metabolic plasticity. In this review, we summarize the metabolic characteristics of normal, non-cancerous stem cells and CSCs. We also highlight the significance and implications of interventions targeting CSC metabolism to potentially achieve more robust clinical responses in the future.