Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Rose Diseases Recognition using MobileNet

Plants always prove a great assessment of human life for many years in many sectors. Nowadays plant diseases are affecting our agricultural sector very badly. As a result, farmers are facing huge losses. For developing an early treatment process, the exact and fastest detection of plant diseases can help to reduce huge economical suffering. To detect rose diseases manually we need expert knowledge about rose diseases which is very complex, time taking and tiring. In this paper, we have used transfer learning and without transfer learning technique by using a MobileNet model to detect rose diseases. Augmentation has been performed on the collected image data for the lack of many images. For experimental purpose, 1600 data images are used to train the model and 400 data images are used to test the model. For evaluating our empirical eventuality we have reckoned the F1 score beside the model’s exactitude and used the ROC curve to compare the result generated using both techniques. Using MobileNet with transfer learning technique for each class we get better accuracy and F1 score than without transfer learning. Within two approaches, MobileNet with transfer learning omits the MobileNet without transfer learning technique and achieves 95.63% accuracy. The acquired result exhibits that the working method for recognizing rose diseases is appeasement and feasible.
Sampling-Based Path Planning in Heterogeneous Dimensionality-Reduced Spaces*

Many sampling strategies often consider the goal and obstacle population to bias/restrict the search area, and they however become less effective when the robot has many degrees of freedom. This paper explores the nonhomogeneous restriction imposed by the obstacles and presents an improved SBP approach enhanced by heterogeneous dimensionality reduction of the full configuration space. Based on the projection residual, a new Dirichlet process (DP) mixture model is proposed to capture a number of Dimensionality-Reduced Spaces (DRSs), which offer the planning spaces with fewer dimensions than its single-DRS counterpart. Then, the sampling and planning procedures are unified with a proposed transversality condition, connecting sampled nodes across DRSs. At last, a quadratic programming is formulated and quickly solved to map the found path in DRSs to an output path in the full configuration space. Numerical simulations on path planning problems of a high-dimensional Intervention Autonomous Underwater Vehicle (I-AUV) have been conducted, showing the feasibility and efficiency of the proposed method.
Insect galls from Córdoba, central Argentina: a case where stem galls predominate

Galls are structures produced by plants in response to the activity of several types of organisms. Gall-inducing species have a close relationship with their host plant, as their habitat is largely restricted to the gall and the plant organ in which it develops. All plant organs are susceptible to gall induction by insects, the leaves being the most vulnerable. Knowledge about interactions between gall-inducing insects and plants is fragmented and incomplete in Argentina. In this study, we completed an inventory of galls induced by insects on plants in Córdoba (central Argentina) using information from field surveys and a review of the literature. We also focused on the frequency of plant-insect taxonomic associations and plant organs most commonly attacked by gall-inducing insects. Field surveys were performed systematically in 26 sites of Chaco Serrano, which were visited five times in two consecutive years, and in17 sites of the province, which were sampled one or two times each. A comprehensive literature search of electronic and conventional databases was also conducted to complete the inventory. A total of 99 gall morphospecies on 58 plant species (21 families and 44 genera) were recorded through both field surveys and a literature review, enlarging the list of species available for the region by almost 50 %. Asteraceae and Fabaceae were the plant families most attacked by galling insects, in partial concordance with the most species-rich plant families in the region. Diptera, particularly the family Cecidomyiidae, was the most species-rich group in the community of galling insects, which is in agreement with different studies across the globe. Baccharis was the genus displaying the highest number of gall morphotypes, followed by Acacia, Condalia, Geoffroea, Prosopis and Schinus. Almost 60 % of the morphotypes were stem galls, a pattern uncommon in the literature. Fusiform and globoid-shaped galls were predominant. Our study highlights the scarce knowledge there is about the interactions between plants and gall-inducing insects in Argentina, particularly those involving species of Cecidomyiidae, with more than 30 undescribed species. Possible mechanisms involved in the predominance of stem galls in central Argentina are discussed.
Prediction of Voluntary Motion Using Decomposition-and-Ensemble Framework With Deep Neural Networks

It is essential for seamlessly delivering intended hand motion to surgical robots while actively suppressing undesired hand tremor during microsurgery. To achieve this goal, we propose a novel method for predicting voluntary motion based on deep learning with the signal decomposition and ensemble approach. This approach can thus deal with various forms of voluntary signals, such as either highly stationary or rather highly cyclic at a low range of frequencies. The proposed method comprises a series of signal blocks to decompose complex hand motion into multiple sub-signals using deep neural networks upon their signal characteristics. The signal block yields parameterized sub-signal and predicted voluntary motion. In addition, an ensemble layer allows for accurately predicting future voluntary motion by combining predicted motion from each signal block with the optimal weight. These signal blocks are connected by a decomposition flow in series and also by a forecast flow in parallel to ensemble the prediction output of each block. Given real data sets, we evaluated the prediction performance of the proposed algorithm compared to other data-driven deep learning models. The generalizability of the proposed algorithm was also investigated by applying the trained models to new data sets from new tasks and a different subject, which had not been involved in training procedures. As a result, the proposed algorithm outperforms the other baseline models in terms of prediction error and accuracy. Furthermore, we explored whether the proposed method could suppress tremor via spectral analysis, which shows substantial tremor attenuation more than −10 dB in a frequency of interest, 6—14 Hz. It is also found that the proposed method has the predictive power for dealing with inevitable control delays, where prediction error increased only by 2% per one-time sample, approximately 4.2 ms.
Polyester-polyurethane biodegradation by Alternaria solani, isolated from northern Jordan

Alternaria solani isolate number Ss1-3, isolated from soil sample from northern Jordan was found to be able to utilize the polyester-polyurethane (PS-PUR) as sole source of carbon and nitrogen. After three weeks of incubation at pH7 and30 °C, A. solani caused 65.8% loss in weight, 24.7% reduction in tensile strength at break, and 28.2% decrease in percentage elongation at break, of PS-PUR substrate blocks. There was conspicuous microscopic cracking of the PS-PUR surface. Penetrating fungal hyphae through the PS-PUR 2 blocks was envisaged, initially in the reduction in the number of -CH groups and increases in the number of –OH groups of PS-PUR, and as ascertained by Fourier transform-Infrared (FT-IR) spectrophotometer. The detection of acid and amine fractions by thin-layer chromatography (TLC) in the purified culture filtrate (PCF), which is comparable to that in the acid hydrolyzed PS-PUR, was attributed to the biological hydrolysis, by the fungus, of diisocyanate segment in this polymer. Adipic acid, diethylene glycol, and trimethylolpropane were probably the main degradation products released from the polyester segment in the PCF and detected by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) when PS-PUR was utilized as a source of carbon. This is further supported by protease activity of A. solani
First in-vivo Demonstration of Bilateral Blood-Brain Barrier Opening Using Acoustic Holograms in Mice

Focused ultrasound (FUS) with microbubbles allows for non-invasive targeted drug delivery into the central nervous system (CNS) by temporally and locally disrupting the blood-brain barrier (BBB). However, current FUS technologies are not able to simultaneously target several brain structures. In this work, we open the BBB in two regions in a murine brain using a single-element transducer with a coupled 3D-printed holographic lens, which is designed to simultaneously create two symmetric foci in anesthetized mice in vivo. The proposed approach shows many advantages: (1) simple and low-cost; (2) correction of aberrations due to skull and water cone; and (3) multiple BBB opening (BBBO) locations with only one sonication, becoming a time- and cost-effective therapeutic system for neurological diseases. For the in-vivo experiment, contrast-enhanced, T1-weighted MRI scan was conducted following BBBO, showing gadolinium extravasation at two symmetric focal spots. The two BBBO regions were separated by $3.0 \pm 0.7$ mm ($\mathrm{n}=5$ mice) compared to 5.3 mm in full-wave simulations. This work shows the capability of bifocal ultrasound generation in separate animals using a unique $\mu\text{CT}$ scan. A bilateral BBBO was achieved with a single sonication using a holographic lens in mice, thus improving the efficiency and defining a new approach for several neurodegenerative diseases targeting symmetric brain structures, e.g. hippocampus, putamen or caudate. This study demonstrates the feasibility of hologram-assisted BBBO for targeted drug delivery in the CNS in symmetric regions in separate hemispheres.
The overview of current evidence on the reproductive toxicity of ibutyl phthalate.

Over the past years, many legitimate concerns have been raised about the effects of dibutyl phthalate (DBP) as an endocrine disruptor, especially on reproduction. The aim of this publication is to critically review the literature related to the developmental and reproductive toxicity of DBP in animals. Several electronic databases were systematically searched until 2019. Studies were qualified for the review if they: linked exposure to DPB with reproduction, were published in English after 1990, and were conducted on animals. In the studies of the testicular effects of DBP on experimental animals, the most common effects of exposure included reduced fertility, atrophic changes in male gonads, degenerative changes in the epididymis, as well as a reduction in sperm count and motility, cryptorchidism, hypospadias, poor sperm quality and other genital defects (decreased testicular weight, delayed spermatogenesis, Leydig cell aggregation, impaired Sertoli cell maturation, and significant inhibitions of testicular enzymes). The embryotoxic effects of DBP on laboratory animals included mainly an increase in fetal resorption and a decrease in live births. The teratogenic effects of DBP also manifest as skeletal malformations in fetuses, malformations of male gonads and other genital effects. On the basis of the literature data, it is clearly demonstrated that DBP shows anti-androgenic effects; however, there are also reports confirming its weak estrogenic effect. Additionally, lower doses cause more adverse effects than the highest dose, which is an important fact because of the widespread environmental exposure to DBP. The studies clearly confirm that DBP is an endocrine disruptor.
Transdiagnostic time‐varying dysconnectivity across major psychiatric disorders

Dynamic functional connectivity (DFC) analysis can capture time‐varying properties of connectivity. However, studies on large samples using DFC to investigate transdiagnostic dysconnectivity across schizophrenia (SZ), bipolar disorder (BD), and major depressive disorder (MDD) are rare. In this study, we used resting‐state functional magnetic resonance imaging and a sliding‐window method to study DFC in a total of 610 individuals (150 with SZ, 100 with BD, 150 with MDD, and 210 healthy controls [HC]) at a single site. Using k‐means clustering, DFCs were clustered into three functional connectivity states: one was a more frequent state with moderate positive and negative connectivity (State 1), and the other two were less frequent states with stronger positive and negative connectivity (State 2 and State 3). Significant 4‐group differences (SZ, BD, MDD, and HC groups; q < .05, false‐discovery rate [FDR]‐corrected) in DFC were nearly only in State 1. Post hoc analyses (q < .05, FDR‐corrected) in State 1 showed that transdiagnostic dysconnectivity patterns among SZ, BD and MDD featured consistently decreased connectivity within most networks (the visual, somatomotor, salience and frontoparietal networks), which was most obvious in both range and extent for SZ. Our findings suggest that there is more common dysconnectivity across SZ, BD and MDD than we previously expected and that such dysconnectivity is state‐dependent, which provides new insights into the pathophysiological mechanism of major psychiatric disorders.
PCT kinetics in the first week post-burn for sepsis diagnosis and death prognosis - an accuracy study.

BACKGROUND Despite continuous advances in burn care, sepsis is still the main cause ofdeath in burn patients. Procalcitonin (PCT) has been reported as an accurate sepsis biomarker and also as a fair predictor of death. The aim of this study was to assess PCT kinetics in the first week post-burns regarding sepsis diagnosis and death prognosis. MATERIAL AND METHODS Sample included142 patients with ≥15%TBSA, admitted from January 2011 to December 2014 at Coimbra Burns Unit (CBU), Portugal. Sepsis diagnosis was done according to American Burn Association criteria. PCT range and median values in the first seven days after burns were statistically analyzed for its potential for sepsis diagnosis and death prognosis. Sub-analysis were done regarding TBSA, gender, age and inhalation injury. RESULTS First week PCT range and median were significant for sepsis diagnosis and death prognosis, but median AUC was greater in the last case. TBSA influenced PCT accuracy, which was greater for TBSA <40% either for diagnosis or prognosis. Age was inversely related with the accuracy, being better under 40 years in both cases. PCT diagnostic accuracy was not affected by gender, opposing to prognostic one which is better in women. Inhalation injury had no effect on diagnostic accuracy, but it happens with prognostic accuracy. CONCLUSION PCT levels' variation is related with sepsis evolution and outcome. Its median performs better than its range. Always coupled with clinical examination, monitoring PCT levels kinetics may help early sepsis detection, potentially reducing morbidity and mortality, being also useful for death prognosis.
Effect of Embryo Vitrification on the Steroid Biosynthesis of Liver Tissue in Rabbit Offspring

Preimplantation embryo manipulations during standard assisted reproductive technologies (ART) have significant repercussions on offspring. However, few studies to date have investigated the potential long-term outcomes associated with the vitrification procedure. Here, we performed an experiment to unravel the particular effects related to stress induced by embryo transfer and vitrification techniques on offspring phenotype from the foetal period through to prepuberal age, using a rabbit model. In addition, the focus was extended to the liver function at prepuberal age. We showed that, compared to naturally conceived animals (NC), offspring derived after embryo exposure to the transfer procedure (FT) or cryopreservation-transfer procedure (VT) exhibited variation in growth and body weight from foetal life to prepuberal age. Strikingly, we found a nonlinear relationship between FT and VT stressors, most of which were already present in the FT animals. Furthermore, we displayed evidence of variation in liver function at prepuberal age, most of which occurred in both FT and VT animals. The present major novel finding includes a significant alteration of the steroid biosynthesis profile. In summary, here we provide that embryonic manipulation during the vitrification process is linked with embryo phenotypic adaptation detected from foetal life to prepuberal age and suggests that this phenotypic variation may be associated, to a great extent, with the effect of embryo transfer.
Therapeutic bronchoscopy for central airway diseases

Over the past century rigid bronchoscopy has been established as the main therapeutic means for central airway diseases of both benign and malignant aetiology. Its use requires general anaesthesia and mechanical ventilation usually in the form of manual or high-frequency jet ventilation. Techniques applied to regain patency of the central airways include mechanical debulking, thermal ablation (laser, electrocautery and argon plasma coagulation) and cryo-surgery. Each of these techniques have their advantages and limitations and best results can be attained by combining different modalities according to the type, location and extent of the airway blockage. If needed, deployment of airway endoprostheses (stents), as either fixed-diameter silicone or self-expandable metal stents, may preserve the airways patency often at the cost of several complications. Newer generation of customised stents either three-dimensional printed or drug-eluting stents constitute a promise for improved safety and efficacy results in the near future. Treating central disease of benign or malignant aetiology, foreign body aspiration or massive bleeding in the airways requires a structured approach with combined techniques, a dedicated team of professionals and experience to treat eventual complications. Specific training and fellowships in interventional pulmonology should therefore be offered to those who wish to specialise in this field. Therapeutic bronchoscopy modalities may effectively treat difficult central airway problems in both malignant and benign diseases. This also involves responsibility for treating related complications. Training in interventional pulmonology is warranted. https://bit.ly/2yWlIjM
Digital Commons @ Trinity Digital Commons @ Trinity

Atmospheric aerosol particles are commonly complex, aqueous organic-inorganic mixtures, and accurately predicting the properties of these particles is essential for air quality and climate projections. The prevailing assumption is that aqueous organic-inorganic aerosols exist predominately with liquid properties and that the hygroscopic inorganic fraction lowers aerosol viscosity relative to the organic fraction alone. Here, in contrast to those assumptions, we demonstrate that increasing inorganic fraction can increase aerosol viscosity (relative to predictions) and enable a humidity-dependent gel phase transition through cooperative ion-molecule interactions that give rise to long-range networks of atmospherically relevant low-mass oxygenated organic molecules (180 to 310 Da) and divalent inorganic ions. This supramolecular, ion-molecule effect can drastically influence the phase and physical properties of organic-inorganic aerosol and suggests that aerosol may be (semi)solid under more conditions than currently predicted. These observations, thus, have implications for air quality and climate that are not fully represented in atmospheric models.
Phosphorylation of Ykt6 SNARE Domain Regulates Its Membrane Recruitment and Activity

Sensitive factor attachment protein receptors (SNARE) proteins are important mediators of protein trafficking that regulate the membrane fusion of specific vesicle populations and their target organelles. The SNARE protein Ykt6 lacks a transmembrane domain and attaches to different organelle membranes. Mechanistically, Ykt6 activity is thought to be regulated by a conformational change from a closed cytosolic form to an open membrane-bound form, yet the mechanism that regulates this transition is unknown. We identified phosphorylation sites in the SNARE domain of Ykt6 that mediate Ykt6 membrane recruitment and are essential for cellular growth. Using proximity-dependent labeling and membrane fractionation, we found that phosphorylation regulates Ykt6 conversion from a closed to an open conformation. This conformational switch recruits Ykt6 to several organelle membranes, where it functionally regulates the trafficking of Wnt proteins and extracellular vesicle secretion in a concentration-dependent manner. We propose that phosphorylation of its SNARE domain leads to a conformational switch from a cytosolic, auto-inhibited Ykt6 to an active SNARE at different membranes.
Social Perception of Faces: Brain Imaging and Subjective Ratings

The aim of this study was to investigate how a female face is perceived in terms of its attractiveness, dominance, health, femininity-masculinity, and maturity in direct relation to the body fat percentage (BFP) conveyed by the face. To compare how young adults (ages 18 to 35) respond to different levels of body fat percentage both subjectively and objectively we collected survey ratings and electroencephalography (EEG) data across five different levels of BFP from 40 participants. We adapted the experimental design from a prior behavioral study and used calibrated and morphed female face images of five different BFP levels. The results of the survey are in consensus with the previous study and assessed to be a successful replication. From the EEG data, event-related potentials (ERPs) were extracted from one electrode location (right occipitotemporal brain region) known to be particularly sensitive to face-stimuli. We found statistically significant differences in the amplitudes of the P200 component (194 ms post stimulus onset) between the thickest face and all four other BFP conditions, and in the amplitudes of the N300 component (274 ms post stimulus onset) between the average face and three other BFP conditions. As expected, there were no significant differences among the N170 amplitudes of all five BFP conditions since this ERP component simply reflects the processing of faces in general. From these results, we can infer that holistic face encoding characterized by the N170 component in the right occipitotemporal area is followed by serial evaluative processes, whose categorical and qualitative matrix and spatiotemporal dynamics should be further explored in future studies, especially in relation to the social constructs that were focused on in this study.