Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Cognitive impact of virtual reality sketching on designers’ concept generation

ABSTRACT This study focuses on identifying the cognitive impact of virtual reality (VR) sketching on the concept generation phase of the design process. For an empirical study to analyse the cognitive influence of VR sketching, we conducted a pilot study for empirical research based on the protocol analysis of designers’ cognitive activities in VR sketching and compared the results with those of traditional sketching. Spatial inspection was a key behavioural factor of VR sketching when considering its high-frequency repetitive and continuous interactions with a designer's representation activities throughout the concept generation process. The cognitive impact of VR sketching revealed the following decisive features: extension of solution space, enhancement of idea transformation and inducement to a holistic design approach for concept generation. These findings provide insight for understanding the cognitive role of advanced digital design tools for future design research.
The Prevalence of Mental Disorders Among Children and Adolescents in the ă Child Welfare System: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

It remains unclear whether children and adolescents in the child welfare ă system (CWS) exhibit a higher prevalence of mental disorders compared ă with the general population. The objective of this study was to perform ă a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the prevalence of mental ă disorders in the CWS. ă All of the epidemiological surveys assessing the prevalence of mental ă disorders in children and adolescents in the CWS were included. The ă pooled prevalence was estimated with random effect models. Potential ă sources of heterogeneity were explored using meta-regression analyses. ă Eight studies provided prevalence estimates that were obtained from 3104 ă children and adolescents. Nearly 1 child or adolescent of every 2 (49%; ă 95% confidence interval (CI) 43-54) was identified as meeting criteria ă for a current mental disorder. The most common mental disorder was ă disruptive disorder (27%; 95% CI 20-34), including conduct disorder ă (20%; 95% CI 13-27) and oppositional defiant disorder (12%; 95% CI ă 10-14). The prevalence of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder was ă estimated to be 11% (95% CI 6-15). The prevalence estimates of anxiety ă and depressive disorders were 18% (95% CI 12-24) and 11% (95% CI ă 7-15). Posttraumatic stress disorder had the lowest prevalence (4%; ă 95% CI 2-6). ă High prevalences of mental disorders in the CWS were reported, which ă highlights the need for the provision of qualified service. The ă substantial heterogeneity of our findings is indicative of the need for ă accurate epidemiological data to effectively guide public policy.
Development of Scoring System for Screening Colorectal Cancer: An Alternative Access to Health Care Services

We aimed to develop a screening scoring scheme for colorectal cancer (CRC). The baseline and clinical information from the patients at the outpatient unit of Surgery Department, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital was used to develop a screening model. A binary logistic regression model was used to identify the independent risk variables and the beta-coefficients and a simple point scoring system was developed. The risk variables scoring system was based on 8 risk parameters: gender, family history of CRC in the first-degree relatives, exercise, bleeding per rectum, abdominal pain, weight loss, low density lipoprotein level and high density lipoprotein. The total score ranged from 0 to 11.5. The likelihood of colorectal cancer in people with low risk (scores 5.5) was 6.50. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve of the study was 0.85 (95% CI 0.81-0.90). Our screening scoring system is simple and easy to use especially in primary care units. However, this study is the primary phase of developing of screening scoring system for colorectal cancer. การพฒนาระบบคะแนนชวยคดกรองโรคมะเรงลำไสใหญ: ทางเลอกในการเขาถงบรการสขภาพ วถตประสงค: เพอพฒนาระะบบคะแนนชวยคดกรองมะเรงลำไสใหญ สำหรบเปนทางเลอกหนงในการเขาถงบรการสขภาพ รปแบบการศกษา case-control study กลมศกษา (case) คอ ผทไดการวนจฉยเปนมะเรงลำไสใหญระยะท 1 หรอ 2 และการควบคม (control) คอผทไมเปนมะเรงลำไสใหญ เกบขอมลทภาควชาศลยกรรม คณะแพทยศาสตรโรงพยาบาลรามาธบด วเคาระหขอมลดวยสถต Binary logistic regression เพอคนหาตวแปรทมผลตอกาเกดมะเรงลำไสใหญและพฒนาเปนระบบคะแนน ทำการทดสอบประสทธภาพของระบบคะแนนดวย ROC curve ผลการศกษา: พบปจจย 8 ชนด ทเปนความเสยงตอการเกดโรคมะเรงลำไสใหญ คอ เพศ ประวตครอบครวในการตรวจพบมะเรงลำไสใหญ ประวตการออกกำลงกาย อาการถายเปนเลอดเรอรง อาการปวดทองเรอรง ภาวะนำหนกลด ไขมนชนด LDL และไขมนชนด HDL คะแนนของระบบคะแนนชวยคดกรองมคา 0-11.5 คะแนน แบงระดบความเสยงออกเปน 4 ระดบ คอ ความเสยงตำมคะแนนนอยกวา 3.0 ความเสยงปานกลางมคะแนนอยระหวาง 3.0 - 4.5 ความเสยงสงมคะแนนอยระหวาง 4.5 - 5.5 และความเสยงสงมากมรคะแนนมากกวา 5.5 คาประสทธภาพในการทำนาย เทากบรอยละ 85.42 สรปผล: ระบบคะแนนชวยคดกรองโรคมะเรงลำไสใหญ สามารถนำไปใชไดงาย โดยเฉพาะในระบบสขภาพขนพนฐาน เพอเปนทางเลอกในการเขาถงบรการทางดานสาธารณสข
Life-sustaining treatments in end-stage chronic respiratory failure: A single-centre study

Purpose The acute-on-chronic exacerbations of end-stage respiratory diseases often result in prolonged hospital stays, relating these events to ethical conflicts in the fields of medical futility and distributive justice. This study aimed to understand patients’ preferences for life-sustaining treatments when clinically stable and during regular follow-up visits, and to determine the factors that can influence these preferences. Procedure This was a prospective, observational, exploratory study using convenience sampling. Over a three-year period, the study enrolled 106 adult outpatients with end-stage pulmonary disease on long-term oxygen treatment with/without noninvasive mechanical ventilation with dyspnoea scores of 6 or more in the modified Borg dyspnoea scale and one of the following: Gold (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease classification) stage IV, diffusing capacity (DLCO) <40%, heart failure (New York Heart Association functional classification (NYHA)) stage III/IV, or systolic pulmonary artery pressure ≥40 mm Hg. Results Factors that were influential in preferences were age, gender, household status, NYHA class, and previous exposure to mechanical ventilation. Conclusions There was no consensus on life-sustaining treatment preferences. Demographic factors, such as age group, gender, household status, severity of disease, and previous treatment with mechanical ventilation, seemed to affect patients’ preferences.
The Experience of Living With Bowel Cancer for Māori in Taranaki

The title of this study is: The experience of living with bowel cancer for Māori in Taranaki. Research methods for this study have been adapted from research approaches collectively known as Kaupapa Māori. The study is also informed by Gadamerian hermeneutic interpretive methodology which unpacks the nature of how we understand and interpret. However, the lens through which understanding is expressed, is from a Māori worldview. Ten Māori patients, diagnosed with bowel cancer were interviewed and their narratives analysed using Gadamerian hermeneutic methodology. The concepts of whakapapa, mauri and tapu were fundamental to the analysis process. Whakapapa in the context of this study examined the stories substance or origin about participant experiences and initial signs that not all was right with their health. The concept of mauri shed light on ways of experiencing bowel cancer that came to reveal how participant stories fell into one of three perspectives: mauri moe; mauri oho and mauri ora. Signs archetypal of mauri moe were evident where participant behaviours remained grounded in responses framed within the notion of mamae and its negative elements of neglect, hurt, pain, anguish, and sorrow. Mauri oho revealed distinct changes in behavioural patterns that signified an upsurge in motivation by participants who were committed to overcome their dilemma and be well again. Mauri ora signified actions that revealed successful outcomes when participants became highly motivated, felt good about their health and were committed to keeping good health. The concept of tapu was utilised to examine the underlying principal issues that determined participant existence in the present. The findings showed that participants had no understanding of bowel cancer before they were diagnosed. Some participants experienced shame and embarrassment at the prospect of having to live the rest of their lives with a stoma. Recognition of tapu through the proper exercise of mana was an important factor in participant recovery. Violation of tapu through the wrongful exercise of mana also manifested as having negative effects on participant recovery. Based on the findings from this study the following recommendations for further research are proposed: a Kaupapa Māori action research study in conjunction with introducing the inflatable colon to the community working with a group of stakeholders to
Healthy Eating for Children Ages 2 to 5 Years Old: A Guide for Parents and Caregivers

Virginia Cooperative Extension programs and employment are open to all, regardless of race, color, national origin, sex, religion, age, disability, political beliefs, sexual orientation, genetic information, marital, family, or veteran status, or any other basis protected by law. An equal opportunity/affirmative action employer. Issued in furtherance of Cooperative Extension work, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Virginia State University, and the U.S. Department of Agriculture cooperating. Edwin J. Jones, Director, Virginia Cooperative Extension, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg; Jewel E. Hairston, Administrator, 1890 Extension Program, Virginia State, Petersburg.
Comparison of Reference Heights of O/N2 and ∑O/N2 Based on GUVI Dayside Limb Measurement

We define a new thermospheric concept, the reference heights of O/N2, referring to a series of thermospheric heights corresponding to the fixed ratios of O to N2 number density. Here, based on Global Ultraviolet Imager (GUVI) limb measurement, we compare O/N2 column density ratio (∑O/N2) and the reference heights of O/N2. We choose the transition height of O and N2 (transition height hereafter), a special reference height at which O number density is equal to N2 number density, to verify the connection with ∑O/N2 during geomagnetically quiet periods. It is found that transition height and ∑O/N2 have noticeable negative correlation with correlation coefficient of ‐0.887. An empirical model of transition height (O/N2 model hereafter) is established based on nonlinear least‐squares‐fitting method. The considerable correlation (greater than 0.96), insignificant errors (less than 4%) and the great influencing weight of ∑O/N2 to reference heights indicate the validity of O/N2 model and the existence of quantitative relation between ∑O/N2 and transition height. Besides, it is verified that the similar quantitative relation also exists between ∑O/N2 and reference heights of other O/N2 values. Namely, using the O/N2 model coefficients, we can roughly get the whole altitude profiles of O/N2 within 6% precision for any given ∑O/N2.
Parental financial socialization and the development of financial capability in young adults: A college student sample

Young adults face a growing number of impactful financial decisions in an ever-complex financial marketplace. Many of these decisions may have long-term effects not only for their financial lives but also impact their interpersonal relationships and overall sense of well-being (Xiao, Chatterjee, & Kim, 2014). Sadly, there is increasing evidence that young adults in the U.S. are lacking the necessary financial knowledge, capability, and confidence to effectively evaluate their alternatives and make a correct selection for their situation (Lusardi, Mitchell, & Curto, 2010). Other environmental concerns such as the need for advanced education (Settersten & Ray, 2010) are holding young adults back from reaching financial independence at ages previously experiences by older cohorts and increasing their dependence on their parents for both financial support and behavioral guidance (Lowe et al., 2013) with corresponding implications to economic, societal, and policy structures at the national level. To better assist and prepare young adults for the financial decision-making process, we must understand where and by what means young adults obtain their financial knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors and from which sources they are learning from as they develop their own financial skills. Financial socialization refers to the mechanisms used by young adults during their path to financial independence and eventual adulthood which encompasses the how, where, and from who they pick up their financial behaviors, values, and attitudes throughout their own development (Danes, 1994). Although the available literature on financial socialization points towards it being an influential and predictive factor in the financial health and well-being of young adults (Jorgensen & Savla, 2010; Lyons, 2004), there is still a lot not known about this association and how those relationships interact in both the short-and long-term to mold the financial behaviors and resulting level of overall financial well-being. Based on the primary
Assessment of BCR-ABL1 Fusion Transcripts and Their Association with Response to Imatinib Treatment in Chronic Myeloid Leukemia Patients

Abstract Objectives: BCR-ABL1 fusion transcripts with contrasting data on response to imatinib therapy have been reported from different parts of the world. Hence, the present study aimed to determine the frequencies of transcripts and their association with response to imatinib therapy in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) patients. Methods: A total of 170 (76 follow-up and 94 imatinib-resistant) CML samples were included in the study. BCR-ABL1 fusion transcripts and expression status were analyzed in all cases using multiplex reverse transcriptase PCyR and real-time PCyR. Sanger sequencing was used for tyrosine kinase domain (TKD) mutation screening in imatinib mesylate-resistant patients. Results: Of 170 CML patients, 36.36% showed b2a2, 63.53% had b3a2, and 2.94% had b2a2 + b3a2 isoforms. Mean platelet counts and blasts were significantly lower in b2a2 carriers (P = 0.0092; P ≤ 0.0001). Patients with b2a2 transcript were found to be more in responders group (both hematological and cytogenetic), whereas b3a2 patients were more in partial responders group and death (P = 0.763; P = 0.309). In follow-up patients, mean baseline BCR-ABL1 expression levels are significantly higher in b2a2 versus b3a2 carriers (P = 0.0351). Of 94 imatinib-resistant patients, 36 (38.29%) had acquired TKD mutations. Among 36 patients, mean BCR-ABL1 levels are significantly higher in b2a2 and b2a2 + b3a2 group (P = 0.0002; P ≤ 0.0001). TKD mutation frequency was more in b3a2 (61.11%) compared to other types. With respect to follow-up status in 36 patients, 17 patients died while 19 were on imatinib higher doses or 2nd-generation tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Of 17 patients, 41.66% had b2a2 transcript and 54.54% had b3a2 transcript. Conclusion: Patients with b3a2 transcripts might be associated with poor response and worse prognosis in CML with imatinib treatment.
The Predictive Power of Organizational Trust to Organizational Commitment in Elementary and High School Teachers

Abstract The purpose of the study was to determine the levels of elementary and high school teachers’ organizational trust and organizational commitment, and also, the predictive power of trust to the commitment of elementary and secondary school teachers. The research was carried out on 1862 teachers. It was discovered that the levels of organizational trust, commitment to school and commitment to the work group of the elementary and high school teachers were high. On the other hand, while the levels of commitment to educational works and commitment to teaching profession of elementary teachers were very high, that of high school teachers, were high. In the study, it was discovered that a low level positive and significant relationship, existed between the teachers’ perception of organizational trust, and commitment (commitment to school, educational works, teaching profession and workgroup). These relationships are also valid for both elementary and high school teachers.
Preventive clinical counseling among adults in New Jersey : results from the New Jersey BRFSS, 1993-2000

This report examines the extent to which certain types of preventive clinical counseling are practiced in New Jersey. About one-third of New Jersey smokers and more than half of New Jersey adults in other key highrisk categories did not receive appropriate clinical counseling, according to the New Jersey BRFSS. Sociodemographic factors and general health status play a significant role in determining who gets counseling. Efforts to increase counseling should focus on otherwise healthy individuals in addition to those who are infirmed.
Dynamics study of thermal activation of BAC-Si in bismuth/erbium-codoped optical fiber

The thermal activation of the bismuth active center associated with silicon (BAC-Si) in bismuth/erbium-codoped optical fiber (BEDF) has been investigated in terms of temperature, dwell time, and cooling rate. The experimental results show that temperature and dwell time have significant effects on activation of BAC-Si, and the underlying mechanism is further discussed. Especially, through the optimization of these dynamic parameters, the thermal activation of BAC-Si is achieved with a maximum enhancement ${\sim}{2.5}$∼2.5 times of peak luminescence intensity and 1.6 dB/m increment of the on–off gain at ${\sim}{1405}\;{\rm nm}$∼1405nm. Such discovery clearly indicates that thermal treatment with optimized temperature, dwell time, and cooling rate could be an effective way to activate BAC-Si in BEDF.
Reimbursement schemes for hospitals: the impact of case and firm characteristics

ABSTRACT We contribute to the debate on high-powered versus low-powered incentives in regulation by studying their heterogeneous impacts on different subpopulations, using data from the introduction of a high-powered prospective payment system (PPS) for hospital reimbursement in Germany. While no overall effect on quality or cost saving is found, our results support hypotheses drawn from an incentive and selection perspective: PPS reduces the length of stay of older relative to younger patients, of more severe relative to less severe cases, and in smaller relative to larger hospitals. Hospitals which adopted PPS earlier provide higher quality under PPS as proxied by the case-specific readmission rate. Our study also contributes to the health economic literature on hospital reimbursement as our data permits us to identify the treatment effect via different timings of adoption of PPS and to use a more accurate quality measure by following patients even when readmitted to other hospitals.
Comments on 'Corporate Bond Use in Asia and the United States'

Gregory Duffee and Peter Hordahl examine the use of corporate bond financing by firms in the United States and Asia with a view to understanding both the decision to issue corporate bonds and the magnitude of bond financing conditional on having bond debt. Many economists consider the low use of corporate bonds by Asian firms as an infrastructure problem arising from poor institutions. The lack of access to corporate bond markets makes it difficult for firms in Asia to switch to non-bank sources and renders them more vulnerable to bank credit supply shocks. The major strength of the Duffee-Hordahl paper is its focus on understanding the infrastructure problem, since policies that aim to strengthen bond market infrastructure and stimulate corporate bond supply are rooted in the idea that access to corporate bonds would dampen the effect of macroeconomic fluctuations on real activity. Duffee and Hordahl break new ground by constructing measures of the bond and bank leverage of firms in the United States and Asia and by decomposing crossregional differences in bond leverage into those due to (i) cross-regional differences in the probability of a firm using bonds, conditional on firm characteristics, (ii) crossregional differences in the amount of bonds a firm has, conditional on firm characteristics, and (iii) cross-regional differences that arise due to variations in the types of firms that operate in Asia and the United States. Thus, the empirical setup in the Duffee-Hordahl paper can decompose differences in bond leverage into those due to bond infrastructure (markets and institutions) and those due to firm characteristics. Their conclusion is that fewer Asian firms than US firms have corporate debt. Many Asian firms do not access corporate bond markets and the differences are stark for small firms – Asian small firms are much less likely to have corporate debt than US small firms. And, even among firms that do use corporate debt, bond leverage is lower in Asia than in the United States. They point out that firms in Asia largely rely on bank debt to fund external financing needs, while US firms rely on both bank loans and public debt.
Novel Method of Extraction for Radiocarbon Measurements of Atmospheric Carbon dioxide

ABSTRACT In this paper, we present the first data from an alternative extraction method for atmospheric 14CO2 analysis, based on the direct trapping of whole air samples onto a molecular sieve zeolite (13X) trap, incorporated into a commercially available automated graphitization system. Results are presented for both inter-laboratory comparison samples and an in-house reference standard. The in-house reference was used to calculate the standard deviation of measurements (2.0‰). This newly developed method will facilitate faster sample processing and therefore lower cost per analysis, critical for scaling up such studies.
The Outcomes of Clinical Pharmacist Consultation Visits at Ministry of Health Hospitals in Saudi Arabia: Medication Safety and Pharmacy Research

Background: Saudi Center of Health care facilities accreditation launched the update stagnated of medication management and use for hospital pharmacy. The MOH pharmacy plan to accredit all hospital pharmacies and highly demand consultation visit. The clinical pharmacist required to visit hospitals to improve the services and get the accreditation. Objective: The goal of this study to explore the value of clinical pharmacist consultation visit with emphasis on medication safety (MS) and pharmacy research (PR) at Ministry of Health hospitals in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Methods: It is a twelve months cohort study of a regular visit to three major hospitals as public, pediatrics with maternity and emergency specialties at Riyadh region. The performance assessment used based on Saudi hospital pharmacy standards, MOH pharmacy strategic plan, and the 6-points Likert assessment scale system before the study and by the end of the study. Results: The total number of finished projects were twenty projects divided between ME (nine projects) and PR (eleven projects). The improvements range changes in ME from 16.7% to 100% with average positive improvement 37.04%. In the PR the improvements range changes were 33.3% to 100% with average positive changes was 39.4%. The highest score of the projects of ME was ISMPassessment medication safety for hospitals and ISMP-assessment anticoagulation medication safety for hospitals. The maximum score of the projects of PR was the patient satisfaction of ambulatory pharmacy services at three hospitals. Conclusion: The pharmacist showed the practical high impact on the medication safety and pharmacy research in Riyadh city, Saudi Arabia. The quality and quantity consultation visit with regular evaluation is required for continuous to keep pharmacy improvement at all hospital. Key words: Outcomes, Clinical Pharmacist, Hospital Pharmacy, Ministry of Health, Saudi Arabia.