Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effects of Cr, Cd and Pb on free proline content etc in leaves of Brassica chinensis L.

The effects of Cr 6+ ,Cd 2+ and Pb 2+ on permeability of cell membrane, chlorophyll content and free proline content in leaves of Brassica chinensis L. were studied. The results showed that the content of free proline and permeability of cell membrane increased while chlorophyll a/b ratio gradually decreased with enhancing treatment concentration and time. The increase in proline content proline took place obviously earlier than that of permeability of cell membrane. Fig 4, Tab 1, Ref 21
Dynamic biological organization : fundamentals as applied to cellular systems

Dynamic organization. General concepts. Dynamic organization in cellular systems. Rhythms as a fundamental property of biological systems. Symmetry in dynamic biological organization. Dynamic organization in biologically oriented artificial systems. Living cells under the perspective of dynamic organization. Supramolecular structure and enzyme catalysis: the groundplan of living cells. Spatio-temporal regulation of glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation in vivo. About the dynamic behaviour of microorganisms. Dynamics of cell growth and division. Spatio-temporal coordination of cellular energetics and metabolism during development. Cell growth and differentiation from the perspective of dynamics and thermodynamics of cellular and subcellular processes. Dynamic coupling and spatio-temporal coherence in cellular systems. Conclusions and outlook. Models, facts and biological complexity.
Entwicklung von Methoden zur Analyse von Carbonylverbindungen in der Atmosphäre

Das Ziel der vorliegenden Arbeit bestand in der Entwicklung eines Analyseverfahrens zur Bestimmung gasformiger Aldehyde und Ketone. Die Carbonylverbindungen entstehen beim photochemischen Abbau der Kohlenwasserstoffe zu Kohlendioxid und werden in betrachtlichen Mengen sowohl anthropogen als auch biogen emittiert. Mit Lebensdauern von einigen Stunden bis Tagen sind sie relativ stabile Zwischenprodukte, iIhr weiterer Abbau durch Radikalreaktionen und Photolyse tragt allerdings wesentlich zur Radikalbilanz der Atmosphare (Oxidationskapazitat, Ozonbildung) bei. Zur Probenahme der Carbonylverbindungen wurde ein neuentwickeltes Sammelsystem eingesetzt. Die Anreicherung findet auf Umkehrphasen-Extraktionskartuschen statt, die mit Pentafluorbenzylhydroxylamin (PFBHA) beschichtet sind. Die Aldehyde und Ketone reagieren zu den entsprechenden Oximen und konnen nach Elution gaschromatographisch getrennt und mit einem Elektroneneinfangdetektor oder einem Massenspektrometer nachgewiesen werden. Zur Erhohung der Nachweisgrenzen wurde mit eine grosvolumige Injektionstechnik eingesetzt (PTV-Injektion). Das analytische Verfahren wurde hinsichtlich aller relevanten Parameter validiert und durch externe Qualitatssicherungsmasnahmen auf seine feldexperimentelle Eignung hin uberpruft. Im Ergebnis konnten uber 30 Carbonylverbindungen in Luftproben identifiziert werden. Fur die Luftprobenahme wurden Tagesprofile an der TU Darmstadt sowie im Rahmen der Feldmeskampagne BERLIOZ aufgenommen. Diese Daten wurden zusammen mit Informationen zu den Kohlenwasserstoff-Vorlaufersubstanzen und atmospharenchemischen und meteorologischen Parametern interpretiert. Dabei konnten Quellen und Senken von Aldehyden und Ketonen in der Atmosphare identifiziert werden, es wurden definierte Edukt-Produktbeziehungen gefunden sowie Fragen der Bilanzierung zwischen Carbonylverbindungen und Kohlenwasserstoffen beantwortet.
Village poultry in Ethiopia : socio-technical analysis and learning with farmers

In developing countries village poultry keeping is regarded an important livelihood opportunity for the poor. To improve poultry systems, it is necessary to keep in mind a large number of local complexities. This study aimed to integrate participatory-, survey- and model-based approaches to socio-technical analysis and mutual farmer-researcher learning about constraints to and opportunities for village poultry development in Ethiopia. The study applied a combined technography and systems approach as an input in analyzing possibilities for poultry development in terms of context-mechanism-outcome. To this end it used as data collection methods individual and open-group interviews, a cross-sectional stratified random survey, farm-recording, a market survey, and village-poultry modelling. Feed-back workshops were organised to share between farmers and researchers the data collected through farm-recording and to learn about outcomes of simulation scenarios for identifying improvement options of village poultry systems. Village poultry significantly contributed to the livelihoods of poor households: economically as starter capital, as a means to recover from disasters, as an accessible protein source and for income and exchange purposes, and socio-culturally for mystical functions, hospitality and exchange of gifts to strengthen social relationships. Poor households used sharing arrangements to have access to poultry. Distance to markets influenced flock sizes and poultry marketing organization. Religious festival days were associated with increased poultry consumption and sales, and fasting periods with decreased consumption. Farm-recording was as a first entry point to learn about how farmers participate in research. It transpired that researchers needed to understand the religious and customary norms of the community and adjust the data collection tools and procedures to fit these norms. As a second entry point, farm recording information was presented back to farmers to validate the data and to discuss with farmers the reasons of variation between households. A third entry point for sharing between researchers and farmers was modelling and simulation. Information from literature was used for development of a village-poultry model. The study documented experiences of how the modelling process was used to engage farmers and researchers in joint learning about village poultry keeping. The present study has indicated that through the combination of multiple approaches and methods researchers can arrive at better understanding of constraints affecting farmers’ reality. This implies more relevant problem definition and therefore a potentially more effective technology development process. The study confirms that village poultry research and development are not only about finding technical solutions but also involve addressing household livelihoods, and institutional and policy issues from a social science perspective.
Study on house lizard (Hemidactylus flaviviridis) trematode by scanning electron microscopy from different localities of Aizawl district, Mizoram, India

A survey of helminths in house lizard (Hemidactylus flaviviridis) from different parts of Aizawl district of Mizoram was carried out. Interestingly one house lizard was found infected with 8 numbers of one particular species of trematode among 50 lizards examined. Light microscopy (LM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed that the recovered parasite belongs to Postorchigenes sp. This paper presented the detail surface morphology of the Postorchigenes sp. of lizard. So far, this is the first report of such trematode from this part of India.
Fagus orientalis(oriental beechnut) seeds are a good source of essential fatty acids, amino acid and minerals

Oriental beechnut (Fagus orientalis Lipsky) is a decidious tree that is native to Turkey. Although beechnut seeds are widely consumed by the local population, knowledge of their nutrient composition is incomplete. The main purpose of this study was to determine the content of fatty acids, amino acids, and minerals and trace elements in oriental beechnut seeds. Seeds collected from five sites in the Black Sea region and another in the Mediterrenean region were dried, milled and analysed. Whereas the results for the seeds from the five Black Sea sites were similar, those for seeds from the Mediterranean region were slightly different. Fatty acids accounted for 45.0% of the dry weight of the seeds of which 40, 34.1 and 3.66% was contributed by oleic, linoleic and -linolenic acids, respectively. The average protein content was 22.5%; however, the proportions of the essential amino acids lysine, threonine and tryptophan fell below those of the World Health Organization protein standard. Beechnut seed contained nutritionally significant amounts ( g/g dry weight) of calcium (4821), copper (18.1), iron (41.6), magnesium (2053), manganese (383) and zinc (27.8), but reletively low amounts of molybdenum (0.3) and selenium (0.5). This study demonstrates that seeds of oriental beech are a good source of many nutrients essential to human wellbeing. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Adaptation of three mulberry (Morus spp.) varieties in Hidalgo State

El objetivo del trabajo fue evaluar la adaptación de tres variedades de morera en las regiones del Valle del Mezquital, Huasteca y Otomí-Tepehua del estado de Hidalgo, establecidas a principios de octubre de 2010 para el fomento de la sericultura. Se empleó un diseño completamente al azar con arreglo factorial 3 (región) x 3 (variedad). Se registró información de 35 plantas por variedad por 6 meses de estudio. Las variables analizadas fueron: porcentaje de supervivencia, vigor de la planta, incidencia de plagas y enfermedades, altura, número de yemas, número de ramas, número de hojas por planta y área foliar. Se realizó ANOVA y comparación de medias, encontrando porcentajes de supervivencia mayores a 95% en las tres regiones de estudio (p> 0.05). La variedad SLP5 en la región Otomí-Tepehua (p> 0.05), presentó el menor porcentaje de supervivencia (89%). El vigor de planta fue inferior en el Valle del Mezquital y en la variedad SLP5. La altura final de plantas fue diferente entre regiones; Otomí-Tepehua (67.7 cm), Huasteca (63 cm) y Valle del Mezquital (44.7 cm). Las variedades SLP3 y SLP5 presentaron mayor altura (p> 0.05). En la región del Valle del Mezquital y en la variedad SLP5 se registró mayor emisión de yemas. La variedad SLP3 y Kamva registraron mayor número de ramas, hojas y área foliar en las regiones Huasteca y Otomí-Tepehua, mientras que la variedad SLP5 Abstract
Quality and fatty acid profile of high and low value cuts of Barbari goat meat

Quality characteristics and fatty acid profile of muscles from high (Longissimus dorsi) and low value (Supra spinatus) goat meat cuts were investigated followed by comparison of various physicochemical properties and fatty acid profile. Nuggets were prepared with meat from these cuts and their quality and fatty acid profile were also compared. Fat and salt soluble proteins were significantly higher in muscle from low value (LV) cut while in muscle from high value (HV) water soluble proteins were high. Fatty acid profile of both the muscles did not differ significantly, however, saturated fatty acids were relatively high in LV muscle and unsaturated fatty acids in HV muscle. Ash content in emulsion and moisture level in nuggets were higher in nuggets from LV cut. Significant differences were recorded in some fatty acids composition of the products. Sensory evaluation revealed no significant differences in the various attributes of both the products.
Larvicidal evaluation of three Mentha species essential oils and their isolated major components against the West Nile virus mosquito

Summary The larvicidal activity of essential oils derived from three diff erent Mentha species (Lamiaceae) as well as their major aroma p-menthane type components were evaluated against Culex pipiens (Diptera: Culicidae). Therefore, pulegone, piperitenone, piperitone, carvone, menthone and menthol were isolated using column chromatography. The LC 50 values revealed that M. pulegium and M. piperita oils were the most toxic (46.97 and 40.28 mgl-1 respectively) and pulegone was the most eff ective (27.23 mgl-1 ) among the major ingredients. The activity of all essential oils is in agreement with the proportion/toxicity rate of their individual major components, apart from the case of M. piperita where the LC 50 values of its major ingredients menthone and menthol stand higher than 100 mgl -1 . For the isolated molecules, studies on structure activity relationships revealed that the location of C-C double bond and the presence of the isopropylidene group might be key factors. Additional keywords: Culex pipiens, essential oil, larvicidal activity, major components isolation, Mentha species
Evaluation and improvement of Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 tolerance to temperature and development of Synthetic Biology tools

Cyanobacteria are appealing organisms to be used in biotechnological applications as "low cost" cell factories due to their simple nutritional requirements and high metabolic plasticity. The unicellular cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 is the best studied strain since its genome was the first to be sequenced among photosynthetic organisms, and plenty of genomic, transcriptomic and proteomic data are available, which are important to predict fluxes and responses to changes when engineering this organism. To construct a robust photoautotrophic chassis based on Synechocystis, it is important to evaluate their ability to function under sub-optimal conditions, like in outdoor cultivation where cells are exposed to extreme environmental conditions. Therefore, the Synechocystis tolerance to temperature/temperature fluctuations has been assessed and several strategies to improve the chassis robustness towards temperature are designed and started to be implemented. These strategies were based on the use of compatible solutes (ectoine or hydroxyectoine) and on the insertion of a synthetic device containing the gene encoding the heat shock protein Hsp17 into Synechocystis. Furthermore, the availability of well characterized parts for the construction and implementation of genetic circuits is an important aspect to use this cyanobacterium as a chassis for synthetic biology applications. In this context, and to improve Synechocystis functionality, several genetic parts for the construction of synthetic devices were designed and characterized, namely constitutive and regulated promoters. Two of these promoters can be effectively repressed in Synechocystis but further studies were required in order to restore the full activity using the respective inducer.
Interaction effect of sulphur and potassium on nutritional quality and profitability of brown sarson (Brassica rapa var brown sarson) in temperate Kashmir

A field experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of four levels each of sulphur (0, 20, 40 and 60 kg/ha) and potassium (0, 30, 60, 90 kg/ha) on brown sarson (Brassica rapa var brown sarson) KOS 101 during rabi 2007-08 and 2008-09 at Regional Research Station Wadura, SKUAST-K in temperate Kashmir. Application of graded levels of sulphur and potassium progressively improved growth and yield attributes but in a decreasing or- der. The seed and stover yields increased linearly up to 40 kg S/ha and 60 kg K O/ha. Seed yield (2.03 t/ha) with 2 40 kg S/ha was 27.6 % higher in comparison to control. Similarly, application of 60 kg K O/ha resulted in 35.48 % 2 higher seed yield (2.09 t/ha) than the yield obtained in control. Sulphur showed synergistic relationship with potas- sium. P uptake significantly increased up to 40 kg S/ha, thereafter, decreased significantly. Oil yield, oil quality and protein content also increased significantly with the application of sulphur and potassium. Percent utilization of added sulphur and potassium was maximum when lowest levels of sulphur and potassium were applied. Applica- tion of 40 kg S/ha and 60 kg K O/ha besides improving quality and quantity of brown sarson, also registered 2 higher B: C ratio (1.54).
EFFECT OF SUPERSTRUCTURE MATERIAL ON PINK ESTHETICS & MARGINAL BONE LOSS AROUND IMMEDIATE LOADING IMPLANT: A RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL WITH 1 YEAR FOLLOW-UP

Purpose: The purpose of the present study was to determine the marginal bone loss and analyze peri-implant soft tissue using PES around single immediate loading implant with different superstructure materials (PMMA, zirconia, PEEK). Materials& Methods: A single center blind and parallel group study applied on 17 patients (17 implants) in the age group 25-40 years with a thick gingival biotype and intact buccal bone wall of healed extracted upper centrals or upper 1st premolar. All patients were receiving delayed implantation with immediate non-occlusal loading utilizing different superstructure material. Group (A) control: PMMA crowns for 6monthes followed by final zirconia crowns, group (B) Zirconia crowns and group (C) PEEK crowns. Patients were recalled for follow-up and PES was analyzed at 3, 6, and 12 months while marginal bone loss was determined at 6 and 12 months. Results: The results of pink esthetic score (PES) and the marginal bone loss (mm) showed no significant difference between different groups at different follow-up intervals (P>0.05) while marginal bone loss for all groups recorded at 12 months a significantly higher mean bone loss value at 12 months than 6 months (P>0.05), Conclusion: within the limitation of the current study, immediate loaded implants with zirconium and PEEK superstructure had a minor role on enhancing peri-implant soft tissue esthetics and decreasing the marginal bone loss
The Influence of Agriscience Research on High School Students’ Perceived Self-Efficacy of 21st Century Skills Attainment

conceptualization, they practice creative thinking and innovation. Finally, communication skills are developed through active experimentation in order to apply their findings to the real world and communicate their results. Movement back into the concrete experience also leads to adaptability skills as students work to re-test their hypothesis and act on new ideas. 1.3. Problem Statement SAE involvement within school-based agricultural education is in a nationwide decline (Dyer & Osborne, 1995; Steele, 1997; Retallick & Martin, 2008), yet agricultural education instructors agree that SAE should continue to be an integral part of the agricultural education model and empirical evidence supports the benefits of SAE. Additionally, each year, fewer and fewer students enrolled in school-based agricultural education are coming from production agriculture backgrounds, which means that there are limited opportunities for production agriculture SAEs and on-farm placements. These challenges beg the question; how can the complete agricultural education program meet the needs of the students enrolled in programs across the nation? Agriscience research is an increasingly popular SAE area. The format of an experimental. agriscience research SAE aligns closely with inquiry based teaching methods. Many experts
Computational methods for analyzing small RNAs and their interaction partners with large-scale techniques

This thesis describes the computational tools and analyzes developed to characterize small regulatory RNAs and their interaction partners using large-scale techniques. Following an introduction into the emerging world of small regulatory RNAs, our methodology for analyzing small RNAs from deep-sequencing data is described (chapter 2). This methodology allows the classification of small RNAs obtained by sequencing and provides several downstream analysis tools such as expression profiling and miRNA sample comparison. It has been integrated with a miRNA target prediction method into a web server which allows one to explore tissue-specific miRNA targeting (chapter 3). In the fourth chapter, an experimental procedure for genome-wide identification of miRNA targets is outlined. With this procedure, we identified the mRNAs, that are targeted by the most abundant miRNAs in HEK293 cells. Importantly, the experimental protocol enabled us to identify the exact location of the miRNA-mRNA interaction site within the mRNA as well as the precise position of the mRNA-protein crosslink. The fifth and sixth chapter describe our studies of murine embryonic stem cells and oocytes that are devoid of Dicer. The murine specific miR-290 cluster has been identified as an important regulator in embryonic stem cells. The loss of pluripotency in Dicer-/- embryonic stem cells has been linked to primary and secondary targets of the miR-290 cluster. In contrast, our analysis of Dicer-/- oocytes revealed that the miRNA pathway plays only a minor part during oocyte maturation, and loss of Dicer affects mainly the endo-siRNA pathway. Finally, we reanalyzed piRNA sequence reads from various species (chapter 6). This analysis revealed an unexpected 19 nt long processing product which is generated during piRNA biogenesis.
Organizational Form, Ownership Structure, and CEO Turnover: Evidence from the Property–Casualty Insurance Industry

We investigate the role of organizational form and ownership structure in corporate governance by examining CEO turnover for U.S. property–casualty insurers. Our article extends the prior literature by decomposing stock insurers into publicly traded and nonpublicly traded (closely held) entities and breaking down both types of stocks into family-owned and nonfamily-owned categories. We further subdivide family firms into those with family-member CEOs and those with nonfamily CEOs. We find that the probability of nonroutine turnover has a significant negative relationship with firm performance. Turnover probabilities vary significantly by organizational form and ownership structure. Family firms with family-member CEOs have the lowest turnover rate of any ownership type. The probability of nonroutine CEO turnover is lower for mutuals than for publicly traded nonfamily stock firms and also for all other types of stocks except closely held family stock firms and publicly traded family stocks with family-member CEOs. The results provide further evidence that organizational form matters in terms of controlling agency costs in financial services firms.
GENETIC DIVERGENCE IN EXOTIC MAIZE GERMPLASM (Zea mays L.)

The genetic divergence among exotic maize germplasm was assessed by employing Mahalanobis D 2 analysis based on 14 characteristics. The genotypes were grouped into five clusters. Cluster V was the largest with 5 genotypes followed by cluster I and IV containing four genotypes each. The highest inter cluster distance was observed between cluster II and cluster V followed by cluster I and V suggesting more variability in genetic make up of the genotypes included in these clusters. Cluster II had highest mean values for days to 50 percent tasseling, days to 50 percent silking, plant height, ear height, ear length, grains per row, harvest index and protein content. Qualitative characters contributed maximum to wards genetic divergence. Based on inter cluster distances genotypes present in cluster I, II and IV are advisable to used as parents for hybridization programme to develop desirable types in maize.