Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Analysis of the Conceptions of Teachers Engaged in Developing the Statistical Learning Project Mobilised in a Focus Group

Background: Teachers’ conceptions about teaching and learning guide their beliefs, knowledge, and attitudes that impact their understanding of the proposed curriculum. Studying their origins, functions, and changes in didactic contexts makes it possible to rethink teaching practices more effectively. Objectives: With this research, we hope to answer the following questions: (a) what conceptions do teachers mobilise when managing and developing a statistical learning project from the perspective of exploratory data analysis? (b) what changes in conceptions might result from this experience? Design: For that, we structured qualitative research of the case study type, with recordings of a focus group analysed with the technological support of the NVIVO software. Setting and participants: The research sample consisted of six elementary school teachers from three public schools in Rio Grande do Sul, members of a collaborative group of continuing education offered by a local public university, and selected from many publicised calls in the second semester of 2021. Data collection and analysis: Data were collected in a focus group carried out with teachers after their experience in continuing education, tutoring, and development of learning projects. Results: It was possible to identify changes between the teachers’ initial and final conceptions of statistics, mobilised during the development of the research projects. Conclusions: This allows us to suggest that the statistical learning project can favour changes in teachers’ statistical conceptions, which, in the light of our theoretical framework, are signs of learning.
Isotopic fractionation in interstellar molecules

Abstract The level of isotopic fractionation in molecules provides insights into their formation environments and how they formed. In this article, we review hydrogen and nitrogen isotopic fractionation in low-mass star-forming regions. Interstellar molecules are significantly enriched in deuterium. The importance of the nuclear spin states of light species on deuterium fractionation and the usefulness of singly and doubly deuterated molecules as chemical tracers are discussed. Observations have revealed that molecules in prestellar cores are enriched in or depleted in 15N depending on molecules. Compared with deuterium fractionation chemistry, our understanding of 15N fractionation chemistry is not well established. We briefly discuss potential 15N fractionation routes, i.e., isotopic-exchange reactions and isotopic selective photodissociation of N2. In addition, the selective freeze-out of 15N atoms onto dust grains around the transition between N atoms and N2 is discussed as a potential mechanism that causes the depletion of 15N in the gas phase.
A Water Quality Prediction Model Based on Multi-Task Deep Learning: A Case Study of the Yellow River, China

Water quality prediction is a fundamental and necessary task for the prevention and management of water environment pollution. Due to the fluidity of water, different sections of the same river have similar trends in their water quality. The present water quality prediction methods cannot exploit the correlation between the water quality of each section to deeply capture information because they do not take into account how similar the water quality is between sections. In order to address this issue, this paper constructs a water quality prediction model based on multi-task deep learning, taking the chemical oxygen demand (COD) of the water environment of the Lanzhou portion of the Yellow River as the research object. The multiple sections of correlation are trained and learned in this model at the same time, and the water quality information of each section is shared while retaining their respective heterogeneity, and the hybrid model CNN-LSTM is used for better mining from local to full time series features of water quality information. In comparison to the current single-section water quality prediction, experiments have shown that the model’s mean absolute error (MSE) and root mean square error (RMSE) of the predicted value of the model are decreased by 13.2% and 15.5%, respectively, and that it performs better in terms of time stability and generalization.
Natural Inflation with a periodic non-minimal coupling

Natural inflation is an attractive model for primordial inflation, since the potential for the inflaton is of the pseudo Nambu-Goldstone form, V(ϕ)=Λ4 [1+cos (ϕ/f)], and so is protected against radiative corrections. Successful inflation can be achieved if f ≳ few MP and Λ ∼ mGUT where Λ can be seen as the strong coupling scale of a given non-abelian gauge group. However, the latest observational constraints put natural inflation in some tension with data. We show here that a non-minimal coupling to gravity γ2(ϕ) R, that respects the symmetry ϕ→ ϕ+2 π f and has a simple form, proportional to the potential, can improve the agreement with cosmological data. Moreover, in certain cases, satisfactory agreement with the Planck 2018 TT, TE, EE and low P data can be achieved even for a periodicity scale of approximately Mp.
Exploring the Underlying Constraints to the Use of Geosynthetics for Civil Engineering Infrastructure: A Study from Ghana

Whereas the level of use of geosynthetics on continental basis is generally considered to be low, little is known of country-specific studies that unravel the constraints to the use of geosynthetics for civil engineering infrastructure in the construction industry. Thus, this study seeks to identify the underlying constraints to the use of geosynthetics for civil engineering infrastructure in Ghana and determine the relative significance of each of the underlying constraints on the use of geosynthetics for civil engineering infrastructure in Ghana. A mixed methodology was employed. A structured questionnaire and structured interview helped in data collection. Data were analysed using frequencies, percentages, mean, standard deviation, one sample t-test, and the Relative Significance Index (RSI). Nineteen (19) underlying constraints were identified as the constraints to the use of geosynthetics in Ghana. Each recorded a significant RSI value from 0.70 to 0.95 and t-test values were statistically significant. The lack of a geosynthetic research institute to champion research-driven campaigns for geosynthetics use in Ghana, and the use of geosynthetics is not prioritized in the manifestos of political parties in Ghana were unique constraints to this Ghana study only. In terms of civil and construction engineering practices, this study has offered an understanding of the constraints to the use of geosynthetics in Ghana and provided the theoretical basis for future geosynthetic-related studies.
The habitable zone of Kepler-16: impact of binarity and climate models

Abstract We continue to investigate the binary system Kepler-16, consisting of a K-type main-sequence star, a red dwarf and a circumbinary Saturnian planet. As part of our study, we describe the system's habitable zone based on different climate models. We also report on stability investigations for possible Earth-mass Trojans while expanding a previous study by B. L. Quarles and collaborators given in 2012. For the climate models, we carefully consider the relevance of the system's parameters. Furthermore, we pursue new stability simulations for the Earth-mass objects starting along the orbit of Kepler-16b. The eccentricity distribution as obtained prefers values close to circular, whereas the inclination distribution remains flat. The stable solutions are distributed near the co-orbital Lagrangian points, thus enhancing the plausibility that Earth-mass Trojans might be able to exist in the Kepler-16(AB) system.
SAW propagation in periodic arrays including temperature effects

In order to calculate the temperature behavior of SAW propagation in infinite periodic arrays a numerical procedure was established improving the theory of previous studies. This theory is based upon the orthogonal integration method. Improvements include a consideration of the mass loading effect due to the metal grating, a better numerical performance of the software and full access for calculations in the frequency range of both, stopband and conversion. Including the temperature dependence calculations were performed for quartz and LiTaO3 leaky-SAW crystal cuts. The temperature behavior of stopband center frequency and width, attenuation, and onset-frequency was investigated and compared to results obtained for homogenous structures.
Chemical Composition and Optimization of Liquefaction Parameters of Cytisus scoparius (Broom)

Invasive plants spread in such a way that they are threats to native species and to biodiversity. In this context, this work aims to determine possible valorizations of Scotch Broom Cytisus scoparius (L.) Link. This species harvested in the Viseu region was used in the present study. The eco-valorization of these renewable resources was made by conversion into liquid mixtures that can later be used in the manufacture of valuable products. For a better understanding of the results obtained, a chemical characterization of the Cytisus scoparius branches (CsB) was made. The ash content, extractives in dichloromethane, ethanol and water, lignin, cellulose and hemicellulose of the initial material were determined. Liquefaction was made in a reactor with different granulometry, temperatures and time. Results show that Broom is mainly composed of cellulose (36.1%), hemicelluloses (18.6%) and lignin (14.6%) with extractives mainly soluble in ethanol, followed by water and a small amount in dichloromethane. Ashes were around 0.69%, mainly composed of potassium and calcium. Generally, smaller size, higher solvent ratio, higher temperature and higher time of liquefaction lead to higher liquefaction. The highest percentage of liquefaction was 95% which is better than most of the lignocellulosic materials tested before.
Methods for improving electromechanical coupling coefficient in two dimensional electric field excited AlN Lamb wave resonators

An AlN piezoelectric Lamb-wave resonator, which is excited by two dimensional electric field, is reported in this paper. Rhombus-shape electrodes are arranged on AlN thin film in a checkered formation. When out-of-phase alternating currents are applied to adjacent checkers, two dimensional acoustic Lamb waves are excited in the piezoelectric layer along orthogonal directions, achieving high electromechanical coupling coefficient, which is comparable to film bulk acoustic resonators. The electromechanical coupling coefficient of the 285.3 MHz resonator presented in this paper is 5.33%, which is the highest among AlN based Lamb-wave resonators reported in literature. Moreover, the spurious signal within a wide frequency range is significantly suppressed to be 90% lower than that of the resonance mode. By varying the electrode dimension and inter-electrode distance, resonators having different resonant frequencies can be fabricated on a single wafer, making single-chip broadband filters, duplexers, and multi.
Government Spending, Domestic Investment, Human Development Index and Indonesian Gross Domestic Product

This research investigates the linkage between government expenditure, domestic investment, national income, human development index, and economic growth in Indonesia during the period 2015-2020. This study applied the quantitative method with Common Effect Model, Fixed Effect Model, and Random effect Model to estimate the empirical model. The data in this research were gathered from these main sources, including Statistics Indonesia and the Indonesian Investment Coordinating Board. The classical assumption is also provided to meet the analysis criteria. The findings of the study indicate that government spending positively impacts Indonesian economic growth. Indeed, national income has a robust effect on economic growth. This study also confirms the crucial role in determining economic growth in Indonesia. Surprisingly, the human development index failed to support a robust spur to economic growth in Indonesia. These results contribute to the literature on economic growth and have tremendous implications for Indonesian policymakers to consider these findings.
Radiative transitions of charmonium states in a constituent quark model

We study the electromagnetic (EM) transitions of the $nS$, $nP$ ($n\leq 3$), and $nD$ ($n\leq 2$) charmonium states with a constituent quark model. We obtain a reasonable description of the EM transitions of the well-established charmonium states $J/\psi$, $\psi(2S)$, $\chi_{cJ}(1P)$, $h_c(1P)$ and $\psi(3770)$. We find that the M2 transitions give notable corrections to some E1 dominant processes by interfering with the E1 transitions. Our predictions of EM decay properties for the higher charmonium states are also presented and compared with other model predictions. In particular, we discuss the EM decay properties of some $"XYZ"$ states, such as $X(3823)$, $X(3872)$, $X(3915)$, $X(3940)$ and $X(4350)$ as conventional charmonium states. Assuming $X(3872)$ as the $\chi_{c1}(2P)$ state, our predicted ratio $\Gamma[X(3872)\to \psi(2S)\gamma]/\Gamma[X(3872)\to J/\psi \gamma]\simeq 4.0$ is consistent with BaBar's measurement.
Hidden Broad-line Regions in Seyfert 2 Galaxies: From the Spectropolarimetric Perspective

The hidden broad-line regions (BLRs) in Seyfert 2 galaxies, which display broad emission lines (BELs) in their polarized spectra, are a key piece of evidence in support of the unified model for active galactic nuclei (AGNs). However, the detailed kinematics and geometry of hidden BLRs are still not fully understood. The virial factor obtained from reverberation mapping of type 1 AGNs may be a useful diagnostic of the nature of hidden BLRs in type 2 objects. In order to understand the hidden BLRs, we compile six type 2 objects from the literature with polarized BELs and dynamical measurements of black hole masses. All of them contain pseudobulges. We estimate their virial factors, and find the average value is 0.60 and the standard deviation is 0.69, which agree well with the value of type 1 AGNs with pseudobulges. This study demonstrates that (1) the geometry and kinematics of BLR are similar in type 1 and type 2 AGNs of the same bulge type (pseudobulges), and (2) the small values of virial factors in Seyfert 2 galaxies suggest that, similar to type 1 AGNs, BLRs tend to be very thick disks in type 2 objects.
Testing Relativistic Boost as the Cause of Gamma-Ray Quasi-periodic Oscillation in a Blazar

The mechanism for producing gamma-ray quasi-periodic oscillation (QPO) in blazars is unknown. One possibility is the geometric model, in which without the need for intrinsic quasi-periodic variation, the relativistic Doppler factor changes periodically, resulting in observed gamma-ray QPO. We propose a method to test this geometric model. We analyze the Fermi-LAT data of PG 1553+113 spanning from 2008 August until 2018 February. According to 29 four-month average spectral energy distributions in the energy range of 0.1–300 GeV, we split the Fermi-LAT energy range into three bands: 0.1–1 GeV, 1–10 GeV, and 10–300 GeV. The spectrum in each energy range can be successfully fitted by a power law. The light curves and photon indices in the three energy ranges are obtained. Then, light curves in three narrow energy ranges, i.e., 0.2–0.5 GeV, 2–5 GeV, and 20–40 GeV, are constructed, and the relative variability amplitudes in the three narrow energy ranges are calculated. A discrete-correlation analysis is performed for the light curves. Our results indicate that (i) the light curves in the different energy ranges follow the same pattern showed in the light curve above 0.1 GeV; (ii) the three groups of photon indices in the energy ranges of 0.1–1 GeV, 1–10 GeV, and 10–300 GeV keep nearly constant; and (iii) the ratio between relative variability amplitudes in different narrow energy ranges are equal (within their errors) to the prediction by the Doppler effect. Our results support the scenario of the relativistic boost producing the gamma-ray QPO for PG 1553+113.
Lattice NRQCD study of S- and P-wave bottomonium states in a thermal medium with N f = 2 + 1 light flavors

We investigate the properties of S-and P-wave bottomonium states in the vicinity of the deconfinement transition temperature. The light degrees of freedom are represented by dynamical lattice QCD configurations of the HotQCD collaboration with $N_f = 2 + 1$ flavors. Bottomonium correlators are obtained from bottom quark propagators, computed in nonrelativistic quantum chromodynamics (NRQCD) under the background of these gauge field configurations. The spectral functions for the $^3S_1$ ($\Upsilon$) and $^3P_1$ ($\chi_{b1}$) channel are extracted from the Euclidean time correlators using a novel Bayesian approach in the temperature region $140 {\rm MeV} \le T \le 249 {\rm MeV}$ and the results are contrasted to those from the standard maximum entropy method. We find that the new Bayesian approach is far superior to the maximum entropy method. It enables us to study reliably the presence or absence of the lowest state signal in the spectral function of a certain channel, even under the limitations present in the finite temperature setup. We find that $\chi_{b1}$ survives up to $T=249 {\rm MeV}$, the highest temperature considered in our study and put stringent constraints on the size of the medium modification of $\Upsilon$ and $\chi_{b1}$ states.
Wind and Wave Extremes over the World Oceans From Very Large Forecast Ensembles

Global return value estimates of significant wave height and 10-m neutral wind speed are estimated from very large aggregations of archived ECMWF ensemble forecasts at +240-h lead time from the period 2003-2012. The upper percentiles are found to match ENVISAT wind speed better than ERA-Interim (ERA-I), which tends to be biased low. The return estimates are significantly higher for both wind speed and wave height in the extratropics and the subtropics than what is found from ERA-I, but lower than what is reported by Caires and Sterl (2005) and Vinoth and Young (2011). The highest discrepancies between ERA-I and ENS240 are found in the hurricane-prone areas, suggesting that the ensemble comes closer than ERA-I in capturing the intensity of tropical cyclones. The width of the confidence intervals are typically reduced by 70% due to the size of the data sets. Finally, non-parametric estimates of return values were computed from the tail of the distribution. These direct return estimates compare very well with Generalized Pareto estimates.
On the emergence of large and complex memory effects in nonequilibrium fluids

Control of cooling and heating processes is essential in many industrial and biological processes. In fact, the time evolution of an observable quantity may differ according to the previous history of the system. For example, a system that is being subject to cooling and then, at a given time tw for which the instantaneous temperature is T ( t w ) = T st , is suddenly put in contact with a temperature source at Tst may continue cooling down temporarily or, on the contrary, undergo a temperature rebound. According to current knowledge, there can be only one ‘spurious’ and small peak/low. However, our results prove that, under certain conditions, more than one extremum may appear. Specifically, we have observed regions with two extrema and a critical point with three extrema. We have also detected cases where extraordinarily large extrema are observed, as large as the order of magnitude of the stationary value of the variable of interest. We show this by studying the thermal evolution of a low density set of macroscopic particles that do not preserve kinetic energy upon collision, i.e. a granular gas. We describe the mechanism that signals in this system the emergence of these complex and large memory effects, and explain why similar observations can be expected in a variety of systems.
Income and Efficiency Analysis of Maize Farming in Pringgabaya District East Lombok Regency

East Lombok Regency is one of the maize development areas in NTB Province, however, maize productivity in that area is still relatively low due to the inefficient use of production inputs.The aims of this research are to; 1) analyze the income of corn farming in Pringgabaya District, East Lombok Regency; 2) analyze the factors that influence corn production in Pringgabaya District, East Lombok Regency; 3) analyze the level of economic efficiency in the use of production factors in corn farming in Pringgabaya District, East Lombok Regency. The research method used is descriptive method with a quantitative approach. The location of the research was carried out in Bagek Papan Village and Pringgabaya Village, Pringgabaya District, East Lombok Regency. Respondents in this study were farmers who cultivate corn in paddy fields as many as 30 respondent farmers. Data collection techniques used in this study are survey and interview techniques. Analysis of the data used in corn farming is farm income analysis, Cobb-Douglass production function analysis and efficiency analysis of production factors. The results showed that the income of farmers obtained from corn farming in Pringgabaya District, East Lombok Regency in 2021 was IDR 11,671,745 per arable area or IDR 15,559,705 per hectare. The factors that affect production that have a significant (significant) effect on production are land area at a significant level of 5% and NPK fertilizer at a significant level of 10%. Meanwhile, other variables, namely labor, seeds, urea, TSP and pesticides had no significant effect at the 5% and 10% levels. The production factors used in corn farming in Pringgabaya District, East Lombok Regency are not and have not been efficient to cultivate, this can be seen from the efficiency criteria that have not and none have achieved efficiency with a value of NPMx/Px = 1.
Occurrence of vanHAX and Related Genes beyond the Actinobacteria Phylum

Clinically relevant glycopeptide antibiotics remain among the most successful classes of natural antibacterials. This success, however, is endangered by the spread of glycopeptide resistance genes, also known as van genes. Thus, it is important to trace and comprehend possible routes of van gene dissemination. In the current work, we present a comprehensive bioinformatic analysis aimed at mapping the occurrence of van genes beyond the Actinobacteria phylum—the most likely natural reservoir of van genes. We show that two additional classes of Gram-positive bacteria, Erysipelotrichia and Ktedonobacteria, as well as one class of Gram-negative bacteria, Anaerolineae, carry van genes. Additionally, we demonstrate that various new genera belonging to the classes Clostridia and Bacilli also carry van genes. The majority of discovered van loci are co-localized with MGE-related genes of various types. Finally, we propose a phylogeny-based scenario for the spread of van genes, unraveling a network of consequential horizontal gene transfer events linking the phylum Actinobacteria with the five other bacterial classes carrying van genes.