Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A systematic review on flipped classrooms in English language teaching in Vietnam

The purpose of this research is to provide a systematic review on the flipped classroom (FL) approach in English language teaching (ELT) in Vietnam in terms of the trends and the key results, based on 12 published articles. A content analysis method was employed to analyze the collected papers. The findings indicated that the implementation of flipped learning appeared to gradually increase in Vietnam since 2017 and remain its prosperity in the higher education context. Also, the results revealed that a variety of research methods were used in selected articles; however, the most common one was the mixed method. Moreover, grammar and speaking skills were the two basic language skills being commonly studied. Additionally, the flipped learning was shown to not only produce an improvement on learners’ achievement but also positively affect their perspectives toward its application. The findings also pointed out some challenges and benefits concerning the utilization of the FC in ELT in Vietnam. Finally, some suggestions were provided to educators and future scholars.
PENGARUH JENIS KELAMIN DAN LATAR BELAKANG SEKOLAH TERHADAP SIKAP TOLERANSI PERBEDAAN MAZHAB FIQH MAHASISWA BARU UNIVERSITAS ISLAM NEGERI MAULANA MALIK IBRAHIM MALANG TAHUN AKADEMIK 2011/2012

Conflicts between ethnic, religions, race and inter-community (SARA) especially between religion members in Indonesia is still going on. It gives image that religion tolerant between members is still low. In the fact, it is not only among different religion but also it is among one religion, especially Islamic member, like physically conflict between Sunni and Syi’ah in Bangil Jawa Timur 2010. So, it needs quantitative research to survey the tolerant value in checking the different mazhab fiqh especially for young generation as like student. So that the problems of this research are: (1) is there any relationship between gender in toleranting mazhab fiqh on the new students of The State Islamic University of Maulana Malik Ibrahim (Maliki) the academic year 2011/2012? (2) is there any relationship between the difference of school background by toleranting mazhab fiqh on the new students of The State Islamic University of Maulana Malik Ibrahim (Maliki) the academic year 2011/2012? It is the type of quantitative method survey, data taking technique by non probability sampling-sistematis random sampling, research instrument by skala Likert model and data analisis technique with theta formulation tested with hypothesis chi-square test. The conclusion of this research are: (1) there is no significant relationship between gender in toleranting mazhab fiqh on the new students of The State Islamic University of Maulana Malik Ibrahim (Maliki) the academic year 2011/2012 (2) there is no significant relationship between the difference of school background by toleranting mazhab fiqh on the new students of The State Islamic University of Maulana Malik Ibrahim (Maliki) the academic year 2011/2012. Key words: relationship, tolerant in Fiqh thought, gender, school backgroun
Influence of Mycorrhiza, Nitrogen and Phosphoruson Growth, Yield and Economics of Hybrid Maize

Field experiment was conducted at Agricultural Research Station, Bhavanisagar during kharif 2009 to study the influence of mycorrhizal inoculation and fertilizer levels on the yield and grain quality of hybrid maize under irrigated condition. The experiment was laid out in a factorial randomized block design with four replications. Four fertilizer levels viz., 200:100:100, 150:100:100, 200:75:100 and 150:75:100 NPK kg ha-1 were the treatments under factor 'A'. Two mycorrhizal treatments viz., no inoculation of mycorrhiza (control) (M - ) and inoculation of mycorrhiza (M + ) were included under factor 'B'. The results revealed that among the fertilizer levels, 200:100:100 NPK kg ha-1 and among the mycorrhizal treatments, mycorrhizal inoculation recorded taller plants, higher number of leaves, LAI, DMP, grain yield and BC ratio. However the yield was comparable with 200:75:100 NPK kg ha-1. Regarding the treatment combinations, eventhough higher CGR and RGR were recorded under fertilizer level of 200:100:100 NPK kg ha-1 and inoculation of mycorrhiza, application of 150:75:100 NPK kg ha-1 along with mycorrhizal inoculation recorded significantly better growth, yield and BC ratio of maize hybrid.
Characterization of Contexts for Radiocarbon Dating: Results from the Early Iron Age at Tell Es-Safi/Gath, Israel

The reliability of a radiocarbon date depends in part on the degree of precision and accuracy of the measurement. While analytical precision and accuracy can be improved by careful sample cleaning procedures and high laboratory standards, accuracy also depends upon the certainty to which the sample can be attributed to a specific material culture or event in the past. This might be questionable when based only on partial archaeological information. As a consequence, it is very difficult to date clear-cut chronological transitions within specific periods. This issue is particularly apparent in the case of Mediterranean Iron Age chronology, where 2 somewhat different perspectives are proposed, the “High Chronology” and the “Low Chronology,” which differ by ∼50 yr. Here, we present the preliminary results of an ongoing project that aims to characterize Iron Age archaeological contexts from the eastern Mediterranean, and to identify those contexts that are suitable for dating, in order to improve the accuracy of 14C dates. This study involves the analysis of sediments by means of FTIR spectrometry, soil micromorphology, phytolith and phosphate extraction, all of which provide insights into the site-formation and postdepositional processes at the different sites under investigation. These techniques, applied at Tell es-Safi/Gath (Israel), enabled us to better identify a secure context for dating.
Resurrecting the ( C ) CAPM : A Cross-Sectional Test When Risk Premia Are Time-Varying ∗

This paper explores the ability of conditional versions of the CAPM and the consumption CAPM–jointly the (C)CAPM–to explain the cross-section of average stock returns. Central to our approach is the use of the log consumption-wealth ratio as a conditioning variable. We demonstrate that such conditional models perform far better than unconditional specifications, and about as well as the Fama-French three-factor model on portfolios sorted by size and bookto-market characteristics. The conditional consumption CAPM can account for the difference in returns between low book-to-market and high book-to-market portfolios and exhibits little evidence of residual size or book-to-market effects. (JEL G10, E21)
Resurrecting the ( C ) CAPM : A Cross-Sectional Test When Risk Premia Are Time-Varying

This paper explores the ability of theoretically-based asset pricing models such as the CAPM and the consumption CAPM–referred to jointly as the (C)CAPM–to explain the cross-section of average stock returns. Unlike many previous empirical tests of the (C)CAPM, we specify the pricing kernel as a conditional linear factor model, as would be expected if risk premia vary over time. Central to our approach is the use of a conditioning variable which proxies for fluctuations in the log consumption-aggregate wealth ratio and is likely to be important for summarizing conditional expectations of excess returns. We demonstrate that such conditional factor models are able to explain a substantial fraction of the cross-sectional variation in portfolio returns. These models perform much better than unconditional (C)CAPM specifications, and about as well as the three-factor Fama-French model on portfolios sorted by size and book-tomarket ratios. This specification of the linear conditional consumption CAPM, using aggregate consumption data, is able to account for the difference in returns between low book-to-market and high book-to-market firms and exhibits little evidence of residual size or book-to-market effects. (JEL G10, E21)
Drizzle correlations with giant nuclei

Giant nuclei (GN) concentrations (NGN) below RICO small cumulus clouds were substantially correlated with drizzle drop concentrations (Nd), especially at higher cloud altitudes. The NGN‐Nd correlation coefficients (R) progressively increased with altitude whereas R for CCN concentrations with Nd were negative with mostly decreasing magnitudes at increasing altitudes. These results indicate that the positive influence of GN [or CCN with low critical supersaturations (Sc)] on Nd is greater than the negative influence of high Sc CCN on Nd at high cloud altitudes where there are more drizzle drops. This work has implications not only for fundamental cloud physics but also for climate change; i.e., global warming and the indirect aerosol effect as well as geoengineering and hygroscopic cloud seeding.
Improved Atlantic winter blocking in a climate model

Most climate models underestimate the frequency of Atlantic blocking. Horizontal resolution is often cited as the main culprit due to poorly resolved small‐scale variability whose upscale effects help to maintain blocks. However, recent studies show that blocking errors are also largely attributable to the large scale climatological bias of the model. Furthermore, modest resolution models can contain enough variability to generate greatly improved blocking frequency if they are corrected to account for time‐mean bias. Here we show greatly improved simulations of Atlantic winter blocking frequency in a coupled ocean–atmosphere climate model. A reduction of the mean bias, due to an improved simulation of the Atlantic Ocean, is a key element of the improvement.
Space‐time scaling in high‐intensity Tropical Ocean Global Atmosphere Coupled Ocean‐Atmosphere Response Experiment (TOGA‐COARE) storms

A scale‐invariance analysis of rainfall retrieved during the Tropical Ocean Global Atmosphere Coupled Ocean‐Atmosphere Response Experiment (TOGA‐COARE) campaign is discussed. As already found in the previous Global Atmospheric Research Program (GARP) Atlantic Tropical Experiment (GATE) rainfall data set, these new analyses of high‐intensity storms confirm the evidence of scale invariance under self‐similar space‐time transformations. A simple interpretation of this space‐time self‐similarity accounting for the hierarchical organization of precipitation patterns is proposed. Finally, a downscaling model based on a log‐Poisson generator is calibrated on the results of the multifractal analysis and applied to the generation of synthetic fields, reproducing observed statistical properties over a wide range of space scales and timescales.
The role of catastrophizing in chronic cyclical pelvic pain: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Background: Dysmenorrhea (painful menstrual cramps) is one of the most common gynecological complaints in women and girls. Dysmenorrhea may be a condition itself or a result of another medical condition, including endometriosis and chronic pelvic pain. Research examining the relationship between menstrual pain ratings and catastrophizing has produced mixed results. Objective: To review and meta-analyze the relationship between catastrophizing and pain ratings of chronic cyclical pelvic pain. Design: Cross-sectional, longitudinal, and intervention studies that reported the relationship between menstrual/pelvic pain and catastrophizing were included. Study populations had to include healthy menstruating persons or persons with a condition associated with cyclical pelvic pain including primary dysmenorrhea, endometriosis, and/or chronic pelvic pain. Data sources and methods: A systematic search of articles published since 2012 on PubMed, PsychInfo, CINHAL, and Medline was conducted in January and rerun in November of 2022. Search terms included cyclical pelvic pain, dysmenorrhea, endometriosis, pelvic pain, and catastrophizing. Data extraction was completed independently by two extractors and cross-checked for errors. A random-effects meta-regression was used to synthesize the data using restricted maximum likelihood. Results: Twenty-five studies examining 4,540 participants were included. A random effects model found a meta-correlation between catastrophizing and pain of r = . 31 (95% confidence interval: .23–.40) p < . 001. Heterogeneity was large and significant (I2 = 84.5%, Q(24) = 155.16, p < . 001). Studies that measured general pelvic pain rather than cyclical pelvic pain specifically and those that used multi-item rather than single-item measures of pain had significantly higher correlations. Age and depression did not moderate the relationship between catastrophizing and pain. Conclusion: A systematic review and meta-analysis found that catastrophizing had a small but significant positive association with pain ratings. Patients experiencing cyclical pelvic pain may benefit from interventions targeting the psychological management of pain. Registration: This meta-analysis was registered in PROSPERO on 14 January 2022. Registration number: CRD42022295328.
Cosmic‐ray muon imaging of magma in a conduit: Degassing process of Satsuma‐Iwojima Volcano, Japan

Muon radiography can provide essentially a cross section through the object parallel to the plane of the detector, on which the average density along all the muon paths is projected, somewhat like X‐ray radiography. Very recently the use of emulsion films has given us a clue for visualization of the interior of volcanoes. To image a larger volcano in shorter time, we need a larger detector to collect more muon events. However, the time required for imaging will be proportional to the detection area. In order to overcome this problem, we developed a portable assembly type cosmic‐ray muon telescope module to image the density distribution of magma in the conduit of Mt. Iwodake volcano, Japan. A muon detector with an area of 1 m2 was set up at the foot of the volcano. We mapped differentially absorbed cosmic‐ray muons, which depend on the varying thickness and density beneath the crater floor. We successfully imaged density distribution in the conduit as well as the conduit shape, assuming the density anomaly is localized in the vent area. The observed location of the magma head is consistent with the degassing model of rhyolitic systems proposed by K. Kazahaya et al. in 2002.
Pollen morphology of the Brazilian species of Dyschoriste Nees and Hygrophila R.Br (Ruellieae, Acanthaceae) and its taxonomic significance

Abstract Acanthaceae is an eurypalinous and pollen morphology has been used in species delimitation and as a support to new taxa recognition. The aim of the present study is to provide new pollen descriptions for the Brazilian species of Dyschoriste (7 spp.) and Hygrophila (4 spp.). We analysed the pollen under light and scanning electronic microscopy. Pollen grains of D. erythrorhiza, D. eulinae, D. glandulifera, D. vinacea, H. acutangula, and H. paraibana are described here for the first time. Dyschoriste species has pollen grains medium to large, isopolar, prolate spheroidal, subprolate to prolate, circular, subcircular, and subtriangular amb, 3-colporate and 13–20-pseudocolpate and the exine is psilate-microechinate to perforate-microechinate. Hygrophila species has pollen grains small to medium, isopolar, oblate spheroidal, subcircular to subquadrangular amb, 4-colporate and 15–21-pseudocolpate and exine is perforate-reticulate. Palynological characters of high taxonomic relevance were: pollen size; pollen shape; length of colpi; endoaperture shape; sexine and nexine thickness; sexine ornamentation; number of pseudocolpi. From our results, a new combination is proposed, D. glandulifera, based on both pollen and macro morphology traits.
Size distributions of NLC particles as determined from 3‐color observations of NLC by ground‐based lidar

From June to August 1998 the ALOMAR Rayleigh/Mie/Raman lidar, located at 69°N and 16°E in Northern Norway, repeatedly observed noctilucent clouds (NLCs) overhead the lidar. Due to a recent upgrade in detector technology, the lidar was able to obtain 151 hours of NLC observations, simultaneously at 355, 532, and 1064 nm. For the 11 strongest NLC events, we have calculated size distributions for the NLC particles from the backscatter ratios measured at the 3 wavelengths and using the assumptions of spherical ice particles with a monomodal lognormal size distribution. For all events evaluated at the layer maxima, we obtain well‐defined median radii rmed, width parameters σ, and particle number densities NNLC for the NLC particle distributions. Mean values for 10 out of the 11 events are rmed = 51 nm, σ = 1.42, and NNLC = 82 cm−3.
LUCIA - A Tool for Land Use Change Impact Analysis

Land use and land cover changes have significant impact on the environment and accordingly this topic has gained increasing political awareness during the last decade. Using modelling and simulation, we can increase our understanding of the land-use system and reduce uncertainty concerning decisions. The current paper describes the development of a grid based land-use simulation model – LUCIA facilitating the decision-making process through an adaptive and transparent modelling system. Accordingly, user friendliness and processing speed have been given top priority in the design and implementation of the system.
Effect of Drip Irrigation and Polythene Mulch on the Fruit Yield and Quality Parameters of Mango (Mangifera indica L.)

A field experiment was carried out at Horticultural Research Farm, Precision Farming Development Centre, Department of Horticulture, Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Raipur, Chhattisgarh during the year 2009- 2010 in Randomized Block Design with three replications and ten treatment combinations ( 100%, 80%, 60%, and 40% water through drip irrigation system with and without polythene mulch + Basin irrigation with and without mulch). Fruits characters, yield and yield attributing parameter were higher under drip irrigation with 0.6 V volume of water + polythene mulch (T8) and the same characters were lowest under control (Basin irrigation with V- volume of water). Application of black plastic mulch with drip irrigation system can conserve moisture, check the growth of weeds and improve the fruit yield and quality. Water use efficiency was higher under drip irrigation with 0.6 V volume of water + polythene mulch and low under basin irrigation with V volume of water. The net income and benefit cost ratio was also higher under the treatment T8 as compared to surface method of irrigation.
A hydrographic transient above the Salty Dawg hydrothermal field, Endeavour segment, Juan de Fuca Ridge

During systematic repeat hydrography cruises to the Endeavour segment of the Juan de Fuca Ridge in the summers of 2004, 2005, and 2006, we encountered a transient increase in the water column heat content above the Salty Dawg hydrothermal field. First observed in July 2005 and mapped in greater detail in August 2005, this feature was not a typical event or megaplume since potential temperature anomalies were continuously elevated from the plume top to the seafloor. During the summer of 2005, the heat content in the waters above Salty Dawg was elevated ∼30 TJ, and the plume top was over 150 m higher in the water column than the other years measured. Based on scaling analyses, an order of magnitude increase in the volume flux from Salty Dawg would be required to generate a neutrally buoyant plume of this size. This observation was unexpected because no substantial earthquakes were detected in the time frame of this increased heat flux. The duration of the transient suggests possible forcing mechanisms: advancement of a cracking front, a small‐scale dike intrusion, aseismic crustal movement, fracture of a flow constriction to a previously unaccessible reservoir, an increase of heat in an underlying magma chamber, or movement of melt within the axial magma chamber. The transient disappeared before returning in August 2006, likely due to thermal expansion of shallow host rock, decreasing the permeability. Should such increases in seafloor heat flux prove to be common, the rate of hydrothermal cooling could be faster than previously thought.
NUMERICAL ANALYSIS OF SOILS IN SIMPLE SHEAR DEVICES

ABSTRACT The results of finite element analyses of soils in simple shear devices, assuming that these soils can be modelled either as an elastic or an elastoplastic material, are presented. The results indicate that an elastic analysis produces larger levels of stress concentrations than an analysis using the modified Cam-clay model. The predicted stress-strain behavior of a very loose sand and speswhite kaolin using the modified Cam-clay model agrees very well with simple shear test results deduced from measurements made at the sample core of the top boundary of the samples for constant load tests. A satisfactory match of experimental and modified Cam-clay stress-strain results was not obtained for the constant height test. The simple shear devices (Norwegian Geotechnical Institute and Cambridge types) can be expected to give good quality results for monotonic loading from carefully prepared samples if measurements of stress and pore water pressures are made at the sample core on either the top or bottom or both horizontal boundaries of the sample.
Strong sensitivity of the global mean OH concentration and the tropospheric oxidizing efficiency to the source of NOx from lightning

Production of nitrogen oxides (NOx = NO + NO2) by lightning (LtNOx) is the most uncertain among the global NOx sources, with recent estimates ranging from about 1–20 Tg(N)/yr. Previous studies of LtNOx have focused mainly on its role in the tropospheric NOy (reactive nitrogen) and O3 budgets. We show that the global mean OH concentration is also very sensitive to LtNOx. Furthermore, despite the fact that the largest changes in NOx due to lightning are in the upper troposphere, where reactions with OH are generally slower, we find that the sensitivity of the mean tropospheric lifetime of methane (CH4) and methylchloroform (CH3CCl3) to assumptions about LtNOx are as large as the sensitivity of the tropospheric O3 burden. Thus, an improved understanding of LtNOx will be important for our ability to accurately simulate the tropospheric oxidizing efficiency and its changes over time.
Constraining mantle density structure using geological evidence of surface uplift rates: The case of the African Superplume

We explore the hypothesis that southern Africa is actively being uplifted by a large‐scale, positively buoyant structure within the mid‐lower mantle. Using a new formulation in which dynamic topography and uplift rate are jointly used, we place constraints on mantle density and viscosity. The solution of the momentum equation is coupled with the advection of the density field to solve for the surface uplift rate in both an axisymmetric and fully spherical geometry. We demonstrate how dynamic topography and its rate of change depend on density and lateral and radial variations in viscosity. In the full spherical models the geometry of mantle density is derived by scaling a tomographic shear velocity model. Using a variety of geologic observations, we estimate residual topography (i.e., the topography remaining after shallow sources of density are removed) and an average Cenozoic uplift rate to be 300–600 m and 5–30 m/Myr, respectively, for southern Africa. We are able to satisfy these constraints with a mantle model in which the mid‐lower mantle beneath southern Africa is 0.2% less dense and has a viscosity of ∼ 1022 Pa s. In addition, if the continental lithosphere is thick beneath southern Africa, as suspected from seismic inversions, and has a high effective viscosity, then we find that southern Africa can be further elevated owing to increased coupling between the deep mantle and surface. We show that recent estimates of mantle density, suggesting that the lowest parts of the African anomaly may be anomalously dense are compatible with geologic constraints. We conclude that uplift rate, when combined with estimates of present‐day dynamic topography, provides a powerful tool to constrain the properties of the deep mantle.