Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Stability of explicit Runge--Kutta methods for finite element approximation of linear parabolic equations on anisotropic meshes

We study the stability of explicit Runge-Kutta integration schemes for the linear finite element approximation of linear parabolic equations. The derived bound on the largest permissible time step is tight for any mesh and any diffusion matrix within a factor of 2(d+ 1), where d is the spatial dimension. Both full mass matrix and mass lumping are considered. The bound reveals that the stability condition is affected by two factors. The first one depends on the number of mesh elements and corresponds to the classic bound for the Laplace operator on a uniform mesh. The other factor reflects the effects of the interplay of the mesh geometry and the diffusion matrix. It is shown that it is not the mesh geometry itself but the mesh geometry in relation to the diffusion matrix that is crucial to the stability of explicit methods. When the mesh is uniform in the metric specified by the inverse of the diffusion matrix, the stability condition is comparable to the situation with the Laplace operator on a uniform mesh. Numerical results are presented to verify the theoretical findings.
Association between COVID-19 vaccination status, time elapsed since the last vaccine dose, morbidity, and absenteeism among healthcare personnel: A prospective, multicenter study

continues to impose a considerable impact on HCP. The adminis- tration of a vaccine dose in less than four months before signiﬁcantly protected against COVID-19 and absenteeism duration, irrespective of COVID-19 vaccination status. Deﬁning the optimal timing of boost- ers is imperative.
Understanding evolution of vortex rings in viscous fluids

The evolution of vortex rings in isodensity and isoviscosity fluid has been studied analytically using a novel mathematical model. The model predicts the spatiotemporal variation in peak vorticity, circulation, vortex size and spacing based on instantaneous vortex parameters. This proposed model is quantitatively verified using experimental measurements. Experiments are conducted using high-speed particle image velocimetry (PIV) and laser induced fluorescence (LIF) techniques. Non-buoyant vortex rings are generated from a nozzle using a constant hydrostatic pressure tank. The vortex Reynolds number based on circulation $(\unicode[STIX]{x1D6E4}/\unicode[STIX]{x1D708})$ is varied in the range 100–1500 to account for a large range of operating conditions. Experimental results show good agreement with theoretical predictions. However, it is observed that neither Saffman’s thin-core model nor the thick-core equations could correctly explain vortex evolution for all initial conditions. Therefore, a transitional theory is framed using force balance equations which seamlessly integrate short- and long-time asymptotic theories. It is found that the parameter $A=(a/\unicode[STIX]{x1D70E})^{2}$ , where $a$ is the vortex half-spacing and $\unicode[STIX]{x1D70E}$ denotes the standard deviation of the Gaussian vorticity profile, governs the regime of vortex evolution. For higher values of $A$ , evolution follows short-time behaviour, while for $A=O(1)$ , long-time behaviour is prominent. Using this theory, many reported anomalous observations have been explained.
Spectrum of causative mutations in patients with haemophilia A in Austria

Summary In patients with haemophilia A knowledge of the pathogenetic mutation is important i) as basis for carrier diagnosis and ii) for risk estimation of inhibitor formation. The pathogenetic mutations were identified by testing inversions in intron 1 and 22 (IVS22 and IVS1) and sequencing part of the promoter, the coding region and the exon/intron boundaries in a cohort of Austrian haemophilia A patients. A total of 239 patients from nine participating centres, who had consented to genetic testing and of whom clinical information was available were included in the study. First, IVS22 and IVS1 were tested; in case of absence of either inversion patients were subjected to sequencing. Mutations within the FVIII gene were identified in 234 patients. Notably, 53 mutations had not previously been described in HAMSTeRS. Of our patient cohort, 72.5 % had either an IVS22 or a missense mutation. Interestingly, in three brothers with severe haemophilia, we found a double mutation in exon 14 (missense + small deletion). The spectrum of mutations in Austrian haemophilia A patients was comparable to that found in the German and Italian population; however, it differed from the spectrum reported in the UK. In conclusion, 53 not previously published mutations were identified in Austrian haemophilia A patients. The occurrence of double mutations in the factor VIII gene could be confirmed and their low frequency was corroborated. We speculate that the differences between mutations in Austria and other European countries are due to ethnic diversity. Detailed investigations of the association of ethnicity and the mutation spectrum are planned.
OIL PRICE SHOCKS AND NIGERIAN ECONOMIC GROWTH

This study employs the general methods of moment (GMM) to examine the impact of oil price shocks on the Nigerian economy, using data from 1981 to 2012. After appropriate robustness checks, the study finds out that oil price shocks insignificantly retards economic growth while oil price itself significantly improves it. The significant positive effect of oil price on economic growth confirms the conventional wisdom that oil price increase is beneficial to oil-exporting country like Nigeria. Shocks however create uncertainty and undermine effective fiscal management of crude oil revenue; hence the negative effect of oil price shocks.
4K-Resolution Photo Exposure Correction at 125 FPS with ~8K Parameters

The illumination of improperly exposed photographs has been widely corrected using deep convolutional neural networks or Transformers. Despite with promising performance, these methods usually suffer from large parameter amounts and heavy computational FLOPs on high-resolution photographs. In this paper, we propose extremely light-weight (with only ~8K parameters) Multi-Scale Linear Transformation (MSLT) networks under the multi-layer perception architecture, which can process 4K-resolution sRGB images at 125 Frame-Per-Second (FPS) by a Titan RTX GPU. Specifically, the proposed MSLT networks first decompose an input image into high and low frequency layers by Laplacian pyramid techniques, and then sequentially correct different layers by pixel-adaptive linear transformation, which is implemented by efficient bilateral grid learning or 1x1 convolutions. Experiments on two benchmark datasets demonstrate the efficiency of our MSLTs against the state-of-the-arts on photo exposure correction. Extensive ablation studies validate the effectiveness of our contributions. The code is available at https://github.com/Zhou-Yijie/MSLTNet.
MOSUL JOURNAL OF NURSING

Background: Acute diarrhea in children under the age of five is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. It is important to identify factors associated with diarrhea in order to develop appropriate preventative and therapeutic approaches Aim: To assess hygiene and sanitation risk factors of diarrheal disease in children under five years old admitted to Dr. Jamal Ahmad Rashid Pediatric Teaching Hospital in Sulaimani City. Methods: A quantitative design (descriptive study) case control approach was used, data collected from the period 3rd of March to 3rd of June 2021 at Dr. Jamal Ahmed Rashid Pediatric Teaching Hospital in Sulaimani City, using a nonprobability purposive sample technique to select (105) children diagnosed with acute diarrhea as case group, and (105) non diarrheal children as a control group in outpatients unit in same hospital. Researcher collected the data by direct interview with mothers, data were analyzed by using the statistical package for social science (SPSS) version 21. Results: Out of 105 diarrheal groups 42.9 % of mothers their age between 25-34 years old, 39% were graduated from primary school, 86.7% were unemployed, 55.3% were insufficient, 62.9% were in urban area, and 74.3% of their families consist of less than five members. 49.5% of children their age were 12 months or younger, 53.3% were male, 34.3% were second birth order, 69.5% were normal birth weight, and 89.5% were complete vaccination. Significant association were found between mother age, level of education, child age, gender, methods of cleaning child after defecating, mother washing hands after toilet, after cleaning child perineum, before feeding child, methods of storing food for later use with diarrhea. Conclusions: Young and low educated mother, low family income, infant age, male gender, poor hygiene practice, were the main risk factors of diarrhea. To minimize the rate of childhood diarrhea, there is a need to improve awareness of mothers regarding sanitation and personal hygiene and rotavirus vaccination.
Journal Pre-proof Covid-19 associated neurological manifestations in children: A large single center experience with rare cases

Objective: We aimed to analyze pediatric COVID-19 patients with a diverse spectrum of neurological manifestations in a single center since neurological involvement in children is still poorly understood. Material and methods: We performed a retrospective study conducted on 912 children between 0-18 years who had a positive SARS-CoV-2 test result and symptoms of COVID-19 from March 2020 to March 2021 in a single center. The data were gathered from medical records and checked by a pediatric neurologist. The data were analyzed using SPSS 28 software. Results: Among 912 patients, 37.5% (n=342) had neurological symptoms and 62.5% (n=570) had no neurological symptoms. The mean age of the patients with neurological symptoms were significantly higher (14.2±3.7 vs 9.9±5.7; p<0.001). Three hundred and twenty-two patients had non-specific symptoms (ageusia, anosmia, parosmia, headache, vertigo, myalgia) while 20 patients had specific involvement (seizures/FIRES, cranial nerve palsy, Guillain-Barre syndrome and variants, acute disseminated encephalomyelitis, CNS vasculitis). The mean age of the patients with non-specific neurological symptoms were significantly higher (14.6±3.1 vs 7.7±5.7; p<0.001). Conclusion: This study presents a large number of patients with a diverse spectrum of neurological manifestations. The rare neurological manifestations reported in our study will contribute to better understanding the neurological involvement of SARS-CoV-2 in children. The study also points out the differences of SARS-CoV-2 related neurological manifestations between patients at different ages. Physicians should be alert about the neurological manifestations of the SARS-CoV-2 in children since early detection is important for better clinical outcomes.
Substantial changes in gaseous pollutants and chemical compositions in fine particles in the North China Plain during the COVID-19 lockdown period: anthropogenic vs. meteorological influences

Abstract. The rapid response to the COVID-19 pandemic led to unprecedented decreases in economic activities, thereby reducing the pollutant emissions. A random forest (RF) model was applied to determine the respective contributions of meteorology and anthropogenic emissions to the changes in air quality. The result suggested that the strict lockdown measures significantly decreased primary components such as Cr (−67 %) and Fe (−61 %) in PM2.5 (p<0.01), whereas the higher relative humidity (RH) and NH3 level and the lower air temperature (T) remarkably enhanced the production of secondary aerosol, including SO42- (29 %), NO3- (29 %), and NH4+ (21 %) (p<0.05). The positive matrix factorization (PMF) result suggested that the contribution ratios of secondary formation (SF), industrial process (IP), biomass burning (BB), coal combustion (CC), and road dust (RD) changed from 36 %, 27 %, 21 %, 12 %, and 4 % before the COVID-19 outbreak to 44 %, 20 %, 20 %, 9 %, and 7 %, respectively. The rapid increase in the contribution ratio derived from SF to PM2.5 implied that the intermittent haze events during the COVID-19 period were characterized by secondary aerosol pollution, which was mainly contributed by the unfavorable meteorological conditions and high NH3 level.
Orientation preserving approximation

In this work we study the following problem on constrained approximation. Problem. Let Ω ⊂ R be a bounded domain with piecewise smooth boundary. What are necessary and sufficient conditions for a continuous mapping f : Ω → R to be uniformly approximable by C-smooth mappings with nonnegative Jacobian? When the dimension n = 1 this is just approximation by monotone smooth functions. Hence, the necessary and sufficient condition is: f is monotone. On the other hand, for n ≥ 2 the description is not as clear. We give a simple necessary condition in terms of the topological degree of continuous mapping. We also give some sufficient conditions for n = 2. It also turns out that if n ≥ 2, then there exist real-analytic mappings with nonnegative Jacobian that cannot be approximated by smooth mappings with positive Jacobian. In our study of the above mentioned question we use topological degree theory, Schoenflies-type extension theorems, and Stoilow’s topological characterization of complex analytic functions.
Management of sickle cell disease: challenges and risks of transfusion

php and incorporate the Creative Commons Attribution – Non Commercial (unported, v3.0) License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/). By accessing the work you hereby accept the Terms. Non-commercial uses of the work are permitted without any further permission from Dove Medical Press Limited, provided the work is properly attributed. For permission for commercial use of this work, please see paragraphs 4.2 and 5 of our Terms (https://www.dovepress.com/terms.php). International Journal of Clinical Transfusion Medicine 2016:4 109–119 International Journal of Clinical Transfusion Medicine Dovepress
Management of sickle cell disease: current practices and challenges in a northeastern region of the Democratic Republic of the Congo

ABSTRACT Background The Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) is the third most affected country worldwide by sickle cell disease (SCD). However, this disease is still orphaned in the country; large-scale control actions are rare, and little is known about its management. Objective To assess current practices in the management of SCD in Kisangani, DRC. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted in six health facilities in Kisangani. It involved 198 presumed sickle cell patients attending the above health facilities. The study focused on the sociodemographic and clinical data of the participants, obtained through a clinical examination and their medical records. Diagnostic confirmation of SCD was made by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. Data were analyzed using SPSS 20.0. Results The diagnosis of SCD was confirmed in 194 (98.0%; 95% CI: 94.9–99.2) participants, while it was not confirmed in 4 (2.0%; 95% CI: 0.8–5.1) participants. The diagnosis was mainly made by the Emmel test (42.9%). 45.8% of participants had previously been transfused with the blood of their parents. Folic acid was taken by 48.5% of participants and the previous intake of hydroxyurea was reported in 5.1% of participants. The participants vaccinated against Pneumococcus were 13.6% and against Haemophilus influenzae type b 28.3%. Penicillin prophylaxis was received by only 1.5% and malaria prophylaxis by 11.6% of participants. Conclusion Standard-care practices for SCD patients in Kisangani are insufficient. The Congolese government should regard this disease as a health priority and consider actions to improve its management.
Clinical Outcomes After Bilateral Implantation of a Trifocal Presbyopia-Correcting Intraocular Lens in an Indian Population

Purpose: To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of a presbyopia-correcting trifocal intraocular lens (IOL), AcrySof ® IQ PanOptix ® (TFNT00), in an Indian population. Patients and Methods: This prospective, multicenter, observational, single-arm, post-marketing study included 67 patients undergoing cataract surgery with bilateral implantation of TFNT00 across five Indian sites. Postoperative outcomes were assessed at 3 months after second eye surgery. Effectiveness outcomes included: mean binocular and monocular visual acuity (VA) at distance (4 m), intermediate (60 cm), and near (40 cm); binocular defocus curve; manifest refraction; and subjective symptom questionnaire evaluation. Safety outcomes included the rate of ocular adverse events and mesopic contrast sensitivity. Results: Mean binocular and monocular distance-corrected and uncorrected VAs of 0.1 logMAR or better (approximately 20/25 Snellen) were achieved at distance, intermediate, and near. Overall, ≥70% of patients achieved binocular 0.1 logMAR vision or better across all distances. TFNT00 maintained a mean VA of 0.1 logMAR or better at the defocus range of +0.5 diopters (D) to –2.5 D (200 cm to 40 cm). The subjective symptom questionnaire-assessed frequency of halo visual disturbances was low at Month 3; halos were reported “none of the time” to “only some of the time” in 86.6% of patients. The large majority of patients (98.5%) were “satisfied” or “very satisfied” with their near, intermediate, and distance vision at Month 3, and ≥94.0% of patients reported spectacle independence for tasks at all distances. The adverse event rate was low; no patients discontinued due to an adverse event. Conclusion: TFNT00 provided a continuous range of vision of 20/25 or better for distance to near and performed effectively at an intermediate functional distance of 60 cm, resulting in high levels of spectacle independence and patient satisfaction. TFNT00 demonstrated a good safety profile and a low post-operative frequency of halo visual disturbances. intermediate distance work, such as computer use, is performed at 60 to 70 cm for the average person. The purpose of this study was to evaluate TFNT00 in 67 Indian patients, namely for its efficacy in terms of visual outcomes and spectacle independence, and its safety. Our results show that at 3 months post-surgery, TFNT00 provided a functional continuous range of vision of 20/25 or better for farther (4 meters) to nearer (40 cm) distances, and performed effectively at an intermediate distance of 60 cm. Most patients receiving TFNT00 did not require spectacles at 3 months after surgery. Additionally, TFNT00 demonstrated a good safety profile and the number of patients seeing bright rings around a light source (known as “halos”) was low. This study provides the first clinical data on this lens in an Indian population. event; Nd:YAG, neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet; PCO, posterior capsular opacity.
Development and characterization of highly-nonlinear multicomponent glass photonic crystal fibers for mid-infrared applications

We present a detailed chromatic dispersion characterization of heavy-metal oxide (HMO) glass photonic crystal fibers (PCFs) suitable for mid-infrared applications. Based on previous work with hexagonal and suspended-core fibers the focus was placed on determination of the chromatic dispersion curve to reach precise correlation between simulation model and real fiber based on both a post-draw model correction and broadband chromatic dispersion measurement. The paper covers the fiber design, discusses fiber manufacturing, presents measurements of fiber chromatic dispersion, provides the simulation model correction and finally proposes further applications. Selected fiber designs from simulation model were fabricated by the stack-and-draw technique. The dispersion measurement setup was based on an unbalanced Mach-Zehnder interferometer. The influence of optical elements on the measurement results and broadband coupling is discussed. We have proved that the critical factor represents the accuracy of the refractive index equation of the HMO glass and real fiber structure. By improved technique we reached the zero-dispersion wavelength with a reasonable precision of less than 30 nm.
Optimizing Techniques and Cramer-Rao Bound for Passive Source Location Estimation

This work is motivated by the problem of locating potential unstable areas in underground potash mines with better accuracy more consistently while introducing minimum extra computational load. It is important for both efficient mine design and safe mining activities, since these unstable areas may experience local, low-intensity earthquakes in the vicinity of an underground mine. The object of this thesis is to present localization algorithms that can deliver the most consistent and accurate estimation results for the application of interest. As the first step towards the goal, three most representative source localization algorithms given in the literature are studied and compared. A one-step energy-based grid search (EGS) algorithm is selected to address the needs of the application of interest. The next step is the development of closed-form Cramér-Rao bound (CRB) expressions. The mathematical derivation presented in this work deals with continuous signals using the Karhunen-Loève (K-L) expansion, which makes the derivation applicable to non-stationary Gaussian noise problems. Explicit closed-form CRB expressions are presented only for stationary Gaussian noise cases using the spectrum representation of the signal and noise though. Using the CRB comparisons, two approaches are proposed to further improve the EGS algorithm. The first approach utilizes the corresponding analytic error estimation variance (EEV) expression presented in the work of Salt and Daku to derive an amplitude weight expression, optimal in terms of minimizing this EEV, for the case of additive Gaussian noise with a common spectrum interpretation across all the sensors. An alternate non-iterative amplitude weighting scheme is proposed based on the optimal amplitude weight expression. It achieves the same performance with less calculation compared with the traditional iterative approach. The second approach tries to optimize the EGS algorithm in the frequency domain. An analytic frequency weighted EEV expression is derived using spectrum representation and the stochastic process theory. Based on this EEV expression, an integral equation is established and solved using the calculus of variations technique. The solution corresponds to a filter transfer function that is optimal in the sense that it minimizes this analytic frequency domain EEV. When various parts of the frequency domain EEV expression are ignored during the minimization procedure using Cauchy-Schwarz inequality, several different filter transfer functions result. All of them turn out to be well known classical filters that have been developed in the literature and used to deal with source localization problems. This demonstrates that in terms of minimizing the analytic EEV, they are all suboptimal, not optimal. Monte Carlo simulation is performed and shows that both amplitude and frequency weighting bring obvious improvement over the unweighted EGS estimator.