Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
On a new integration scheme for von‐Mises plasticity with linear hardening

Limiting the discussion to an associative von‐Mises plasticity model with linear kinematic and isotropic hardening, we compare the performance of the classical radial return map algorithm with a new integration scheme based on the computation of an integration factor. The numerical examples clearly show the improved accuracy of the new method. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Chloroacetonitrile reduces rat prenatal bone length and induces oxidative stress, apoptosis, and DNA damage in rat fetal liver

One of the disinfection byproducts of chlorinating drinking water is chloroacetonitrile (CAN). Thirty‐six female rats were used and distributed equally into four groups. The low dose treated group received CAN at a dose of 5.5 mg/kg body weight/day (1/40 LD50) orally from the 6th to 12th day of gestation. The high dose treated group received 11 mg/kg body weight/day (1/20 LD50) of CAN orally for the same period, the vehicle control group received 1 mL of corn oil, and the water control group received 1 mL of distilled water orally for the same period. High dose exposure to CAN significantly reduced gravid uterine weight, fetal body weights, and length, and caused obvious skeletal deformities, weak mineralization. Fetal tibial growth plates displayed histopathologic changes. Induced oxidative stress and redox imbalance in fetal liver tissues was evidenced by significantly decreased in catalase and superoxide dismutase activity, and elevated malondialdehyde levels. Histopathological, glycogen content changes, and DNA damage were observed in the fetal liver of high dose treated group. Additionally, administration of high dose of CAN induced apoptosis, evidenced by increased caspase‐3 concentration in fetal liver. Thus, extensive exposure to CAN induces poor pregnancy outcomes. CAN levels in water should be monitored regularly.
Pathogenicity and virulence of Aspergillus fumigatus

ABSTRACT Pulmonary infections caused by the mould pathogen Aspergillus fumigatus are a major cause of morbidity and mortality globally. Compromised lung defences arising from immunosuppression, chronic respiratory conditions or more recently, concomitant viral or bacterial pulmonary infections are recognised risks factors for the development of pulmonary aspergillosis. In this review, we will summarise our current knowledge of the mechanistic basis of pulmonary aspergillosis with a focus on emerging at-risk populations.
Impaired calcium handling mechanisms in atrial trabeculae of diabetic patients

The aim of this study was to investigate cardiomyocyte Ca2+ handling and contractile function in freshly excised human atrial tissue from diabetic and non‐diabetic patients undergoing routine surgery. Multicellular trabeculae (283 ± 20 μm in diameter) were dissected from the endocardial surface of freshly obtained right atrial appendage samples from consenting surgical patients. Trabeculae were mounted in a force transducer at optimal length, electrically stimulated to contract, and loaded with fura‐2/AM for intracellular Ca2+ measurements. The response to stimulation frequencies encompassing the physiological range was recorded at 37°C. Myofilament Ca2+ sensitivity was assessed from phase plots and high potassium contractures of force against [Ca2+]i. Trabeculae from diabetic patients (n = 12) had increased diastolic (resting) [Ca2+]i (p = 0.03) and reduced Ca2+ transient amplitude (p = 0.04) when compared to non‐diabetic patients (n = 11), with no difference in the Ca2+ transient time course. Diastolic stress was increased (p = 0.008) in trabeculae from diabetic patients, and peak developed stress decreased (p ≤ 0.001), which were not accounted for by reduction in the cardiomyocyte, or contractile protein, content of trabeculae. Trabeculae from diabetic patients also displayed diminished myofilament Ca2+ sensitivity (p = 0.018) compared to non‐diabetic patients. Our data provides evidence of impaired calcium handling during excitation‐contraction coupling with resulting contractile dysfunction in atrial tissue from patients with type 2 diabetes in comparison to the non‐diabetic. This highlights the importance of targeting cardiomyocyte Ca2+ homeostasis in developing more effective treatment options for diabetic heart disease in the future.
The Cauchy problem for Kawahara equation in Sobolev spaces with low regularity

This paper is devoted to studying the initial‐value problem of the Kawahara equation. By establishing some crucial bilinear estimates related to the Bourgain spaces Xs, b(R2) introduced by Bourgain and homogeneous Bourgain spaces, which is defined in this paper and using I‐method as well as L2 conservation law, we show that this fifth‐order shallow water wave equation is globally well‐posed for the initial data in the Sobolev spaces Hs(R) with \documentclass{article}\footskip=0pc\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$s{>}-\frac{63}{58}$\end{document}. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Stress-Modulated Growth

The growth and remodeling of soft tissues depend on a number of biological, chemical and mechanical factors, including the state of tension. In many cases the stress field plays such a relevant role that “stress-modulated growth” has become a very topical subject. Recent theoretical achievements suggest that, irrespective of the specific biological material at hand, a component of the stress—growth coupling is tissue-independent and reads as an Eshelby-like tensor. In this paper we investigate the mathematical properties and the qualitative behavior predicted by equations that specialize that model under few simple assumptions. Constitutive equations that satisfy a suitable dissipation principle are compared with heuristic ones that fit well the experimental data. Numerical simulations of the growth of a symmetric annulus are discussed and compared with the predicted qualitative behavior.
Improved two-dimensional electron gas transport characteristics in AlGaN/GaN metal-insulator-semiconductor high electron mobility transistor with atomic layer-deposited Al2O3 as gate insulator

The effects of Al2O3 gate insulator grown by atomic layer deposition (ALD) system on the two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) transport characteristics in AlGaN/GaN metal-insulator-semiconductor high electron mobility transistor (MISHEMT) were investigated. The shape of the electron lateral distribution in the quantum well at AlGaN/GaN interface was found to be slightly influenced by the Al2O3 thin layer. The drift mobility (μd) of the electrons in ALD-Al2O3/AlGaN/GaN MISHEMT is increased due to the surface passivation effects of the included dielectric layer. The higher dynamic channel current of the MISHEMT indicates that the electron saturation velocity (vsat) is also increased. These results show the improvement of the transport characteristics of 2DEG in Al2O3/AlGaN/GaN MISHEMT by the excellent properties of the Al2O3 grown by ALD.
Acid ceramidase involved in pathogenic cascade leading to accumulation of α-synuclein in iPSC model of GBA1-associated Parkinson’s disease

Abstract Bi-allelic mutations in GBA1, the gene that encodes β-glucocerebrosidase (GCase), cause Gaucher disease (GD), whereas mono-allelic mutations do not cause overt pathology. Yet mono- or bi-allelic GBA1 mutations are the highest known risk factor for Parkinson’s disease (PD). GCase deficiency results in the accumulation of glucosylceramide (GluCer) and its deacylated metabolite glucosylsphingosine (GluSph). Brains from patients with neuronopathic GD have high levels of GluSph, and elevation of this lipid in GBA1-associated PD has been reported. To uncover the mechanisms involved in GBA1-associated PD, we used human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived dopaminergic (DA) neurons from patients harboring heterozygote mutations in GBA1 (GBA1/PD–DA neurons). We found that compared with gene-edited isogenic controls, GBA1/PD–DA neurons exhibit mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) hyperactivity, a block in autophagy, an increase in the levels of phosphorylated α-synuclein (129) and α-synuclein aggregation. These alterations were prevented by incubation with mTOR inhibitors. Inhibition of acid ceramidase, the lysosomal enzyme that deacylates GluCer to GluSph, prevented mTOR hyperactivity, restored autophagic flux and lowered α-synuclein levels, suggesting that GluSph was responsible for these alterations. Incubation of gene-edited wild type (WT) controls with exogenous GluSph recapitulated the mTOR/α-synuclein abnormalities of GBA1/PD neurons, and these phenotypic alterations were prevented when GluSph treatment was in the presence of mTOR inhibitors. We conclude that GluSph causes an aberrant activation of mTORC1, suppressing normal lysosomal functions, including the clearance of pathogenic α-synuclein species. Our results implicate acid ceramidase in the pathogenesis of GBA1-associated PD, suggesting that this enzyme is a potential therapeutic target for treating synucleinopathies caused by GCase deficiency.
Design of main linac emittance tuning bumps for the Compact Linear Collider and the International Linear Collider

The installation of elements in the main linac of future linear colliders can only be done with a limited precision. The inevitable misalignments lead to unacceptable emittance growth. Beam-based alignment, e.g., one-to-one correction, dispersion free steering, or ballistic alignment, is necessary to reduce the emittance growth. In some cases, this is, however, not sufficient. For further reduction of the emittance growth, so-called emittance tuning bumps have to be used. A general strategy for the design of emittance tuning bumps has been developed and tested. Simulations suggest that the method can be conveniently used to understand the weaknesses of existing emittance tuning bumps and to significantly improve their performance in terms of, e.g., emittance reduction capability and convergence speed. An example of an application is the design of ten orthogonal knobs that, according to simulations, can reduce the normalized emittance growth in the Compact Linear Collider (CLIC) main linac from 23.8 to 0.34 nm with convergence within two iterations. Four orthogonal knobs have also been designed for the International Linear Collider (ILC). Simulations show that these knobs converge within a single iteration and reduce normalized emittance growth from 3.8 to 0.05 nm.
Effect on physiological parameters and anaesthetic dose requirement of isoflurane when tramadol given as a continuous rate infusion vs a single intravenous bolus injection during ovariohysterectomy in dogs

Background Tramadol produces a significant reduction in both sevoflurane and isoflurane minimum alveolar concentrations in dogs under experimental conditions. This study aims to compare the effects of tramadol administered as a constant rate infusion (CRI) with those of tramadol administered as a single intravenous bolus on physiological parameters and isoflurane requirements in dogs undergoing ovariohysterectomy. Methods In this study, forty female dogs undergoing ovariohysterectomy were enrolled. The bitches were anesthetized with 5 mg/kg of tiletamine/zolazepam combined with 0.05 mg/kg of acepromazine intravenously. Anesthesia was maintained with isoflurane delivered in 100% oxygen. The group A (n = 20) received tramadol 4 mg/kg in a single intravenous bolus, whereas the group B (n = 20) received tramadol 1.5 mg/kg in an intravenous bolus followed by tramadol 2.6 mg/kg/h as a CRI. The following parameters were recorded: heart rate, respiratory rate, non-invasive blood pressure, body temperature, EtCO2, SpO2 and inspired and expired concentrations of isoflurane. Parameter measurements were performed from pre-preedication (baseline) to skin suturing. Results The dogs were healthy subjects that demonstrated no abnormalities on laboratory investigations. Significant tachycardia was recorded after administration of tiletamine/zolazepam combined with acepromazine in both groups. Heart rate decreased after intubation but remained significantly higher compared to baseline values in both groups. Systolic blood pressure significantly decreased in both groups but the recorded values were within the physiological range. Mild reduction in body temperature was recorded in both groups. SpO2 and EtCO2 remained within the physiological range. Isoflurane requirement was significantly lower in the group B compared to the group A. Transient twitching was recorded in two dogs belonging to the group A after tramadol administration. Conclusions Compared to tramadol given as a single intravenous bolus injection during ovariohysterectomy in dogs, tramadol administered as a CRI reduces isoflurane requirements in dogs anesthetized with tiletamine/zolazepam combined with acepromazine. Both tramadol given as a CRI and a single intravenous bolus injection, induce decrease in heart rate, respiratory rate and in body temperature but the values of these parameters remain within physiological range in dogs undergoing ovariohysterectomy.
Properties and drivers of fast interplanetary shocks near the orbit of the Earth (1995–2013)

We present a comprehensive statistical analysis spanning over a solar cycle of the properties and drivers of traveling fast forward and fast reverse interplanetary shocks. We combine statistics of 679 shocks between 1995 and 2013 identified from the near‐Earth (Wind and ACE) and STEREO‐A observations. We find that fast forward shocks dominate over fast reverse shocks in all solar cycle phases except during solar minimum. Nearly all fast reverse shocks are driven by slow‐fast stream interaction regions (SIRs), while coronal mass ejections (CMEs) are the principal drivers of fast forward shocks in all phases except at solar minimum. The occurrence rate and median speeds of CME‐driven fast forward shocks follow the sunspot cycle, while SIR‐associated shocks do not show such correspondence. The strength of the shock (characterized by the magnetosonic Mach number and by the upstream to downstream magnetic field and density ratio) shows relatively little variations over solar cycle. However, the shocks were slightly stronger during the ascending phase of a relatively weak solar cycle 24 than during the previous ascending phase. The CME‐ and SIR‐driven fast forward shocks and fast reverse shocks have distinct upstream solar wind conditions, which reflect to their relative strengths. We found that CME‐driven shocks are on average stronger and faster, and they show broader distributions of shock parameters than the shocks driven by SIRs.
Molecular mechanisms of miR‐1236 in the assessment of tumor lymphangiogenesis in human ovarian cancer patients

Tumor lymphangiogenesis is a critical component in the progression of cancers and specific microRNAs have been reported to be implicated in this process. Recent studies revealed the involvement of miR‐1236 in lymphangiogenic signaling by targeting vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 3 (VEGFR3). However, the prognostic importance of miR‐1236 and its clinical relevance for lymphangiogenesis in ovarian cancer (OC) remains unclear.
OH 1720-MHz masers in southern star-forming regions

A search for maser emission at the 1720-MHz transition of OH has been made with the Australia Telescope Compact Array (ATCA) towards more than 200 southern sites of 1665- and 6035-MHz OH masers. 28 of the 36 detected 1720-MHz masers precisely coincide with the targets (15 previously known; 13 new discoveries) and are thus almost certainly of the star formation region (SFR) variety. Our observations revealed highly variable intensities for some previously known 1720-MHz masers, in extreme cases now preventing their detection. We interpret six new masers serendipitously discovered offset from any target position as an SFR subclass. Two other masers were chance detections of a quite different maser class associated with supernova remnants. Several instances of prominent 1720-MHz OH absorption occur. The 1720-MHz masers mostly coincide, to arcsecond accuracy, with a stronger 1665-MHz OH maser counterpart; in a few instances, 1665-MHz counterparts are much weaker, and the six 1720-MHz masers discovered offset from any target position (with no detectable 1665-MHz emission) are the ultimate examples, qualifying them as a distinct SFR subclass. At the sensitivity of the current survey, we find that SFR 1720-MHz masers are approximately one-sixth as common as 1665-MHz masers. The 1720-MHz masers preferentially occur at the sites hosting 6035-MHz masers – explicable in the context of current maser pumping models if 1720-MHz and 6035-MHz masers trace regions where the OH column density is higher, and the kinetic temperature lower, than at sites displaying only 1665-MHz masers. For each 1720-MHz maser, spectra of the two circular polarizations at high-velocity resolution were taken with the Parkes telescope. Similar observations, to monitor several previously known northern 1720-MHz masers, augment the southern sample. The Parkes spectra commonly reveal Zeeman splitting in magnetic fields of a few milligauss, and the largest field is a ‘record-setting’ 16 mG. Compared with fields derived from other OH transitions at the same site, the 1720-MHz values generally imply the same direction of field, but the field strength tends to be higher, by as much as a factor of 2. This may be understood if the 1720-MHz masers preferentially occur at locations compressed to higher density, with enhanced frozen-in magnetic field. Such higher fields support a pumping scheme requiring high densities for the 1720-MHz masers. Towards most of the 1720-MHz maser sites lies an associated 6668-MHz methanol maser, consistent with pumping expectations that the methanol masers are also favoured by high densities. We also explore some sites in more detail, with new results obtained in the radio continuum and recombination lines, and at other masing transitions – a new position for 328.809+0.633 at the 1612-MHz OH transition, for example, confirms a rare spatial near-coincidence with a 1720-MHz maser (although offset in velocity).
On further properties of improjective operators

This is a continuation of our work [4]. The purpose of this paper is to find the relation of the class of improjective operators on some Banach space, with the classes of strictly singular, strictly cosingular and φ-admissible perturbations on X and to investigate those pairs of Banach spaces for which all bounded linear operators having either of the pair as domain and the other as range are improjective, or strictly singular. The beginning of Section 1 is intended to familiarize the reader with the concepts and notations used in this paper.
Regular Exercise Is Associated With Low Fatigue Levels and Good Functional Outcomes After COVID-19

Objective The aim of the study is to identify the impact of postacute SARS-CoV-2 infection on patient outcomes. Design This is a prospective, repeated measure, observational study of consented adults with positive SARS-CoV-2 quantitative polymerase chain reaction or antigen test more than 28 days after infection. Only data from the initial study visit are reported, including disease history, symptoms checklist, patient questionnaires, cognitive tests, social/medical histories, vitals, grip strength, and 2-min walk distance. Results Two hundred eighteen patients were studied: 100 hospitalized (57.3 ± 15.4 yrs, 62% male, body mass index: 31.3 ± 8.0) and 118 nonhospitalized (46.2 ± 14.6 yrs, 31% male, body mass index: 29.7 ± 7.5). Post-COVID patients reported mean 1.76 symptoms; ≥15% reported fatigue, memory loss, and shortness of breath. Grip strength was 14% lower than norms (P < 0.0001). Fatigue (Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy–Fatigue), mood (Patient Health Questionnaire), and well-being (EuroQol 5 Dimension 5 Level) scores were lower than the population norms (P < 0.05). Hospitalized versus nonhospitalized post-COVID patients performed worse on cognitive assessments (processing speed test—Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale–Fourth Edition Symbol Search) and reported less regular exercise (≥30 mins ≥3× per week; P < 0.05). In addition, 30% had severe fatigue (by the Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy–Fatigue); those patients reported less exercise (P < 0.05). In multivariate models, lack of exercise was independently associated with multiple post–COVID-19 impairments. Conclusions Low levels of exercise are an independent risk factor for post-COVID sequelae. Patients who report less exercise have low grip strength, higher levels of fatigue, memory loss, shortness of breath, depression, and poorer quality of life.
The Ancestral Mitotic State: Closed Orthomitosis With Intranuclear Spindles in the Syncytial Last Eukaryotic Common Ancestor

Abstract All eukaryotes have linear chromosomes that are distributed to daughter nuclei during mitotic division, but the ancestral state of nuclear division in the last eukaryotic common ancestor (LECA) is so far unresolved. To address this issue, we have employed ancestral state reconstructions for mitotic states that can be found across the eukaryotic tree concerning the intactness of the nuclear envelope during mitosis (open or closed), the position of spindles (intranuclear or extranuclear), and the symmetry of spindles being either axial (orthomitosis) or bilateral (pleuromitosis). The data indicate that the LECA possessed closed orthomitosis with intranuclear spindles. Our reconstruction is compatible with recent findings indicating a syncytial state of the LECA, because it decouples three main processes: chromosome division, chromosome partitioning, and cell division (cytokinesis). The possession of closed mitosis using intranuclear spindles adds to the number of cellular traits that can now be attributed to LECA, providing insights into the lifestyle of this otherwise elusive biological entity at the origin of eukaryotic cells. Closed mitosis in a syncytial eukaryotic common ancestor would buffer mutations arising at the origin of mitotic division by allowing nuclei with viable chromosome sets to complement defective nuclei via mRNA in the cytosol.
Four‐dimensional proteomics analysis of human cerebrospinal fluid with trapped ion mobility spectrometry using PASEF

A quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometer coupled with a trapped ion mobility spectrometry (timsTOF) operated in parallel accumulation‐serial fragmentation (PASEF) mode has recently emerged as a platform capable of providing four‐dimensional (4D) features comprising of elution time, collision cross section (CCS), mass‐to‐charge ratio, and intensity of peptides. The PASEF mode provides ∼100% ion sampling efficiency both in data‐dependent acquisition (DDA) and data‐independent acquisition (DIA) modes without sacrificing sensitivity. In addition, targeted measurements using PASEF integrated parallel reaction monitoring (PRM) mode have also been described. However, only limited number of studies have used timsTOF for analysis of clinical samples. Although Orbitrap mass spectrometers have been used for biomarker discovery from cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in a variety of neurological diseases, these Orbitrap‐derived datasets cannot readily be applied for driving experiments on timsTOF mass spectrometers. We generated a catalog of peptides and proteins in human CSF in DDA mode on a timsTOF mass spectrometer and used these data to build a spectral library. This strategy allowed us to use elution times and ion mobility values from the spectral library to design PRM experiments for quantifying previously discovered biomarkers from CSF samples in Alzheimer's disease. When the same samples were analyzed using a DIA approach combined with a spectral library search, a higher number of proteins were identified than in a library‐free approach. Overall, we have established a spectral library of CSF as a resource and demonstrated its utility for PRM and DIA studies, which should facilitate studies of neurological disorders.