Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Have your cake and eat it too: male sand gobies show more parental care in the presence of female partners

Traditionally, male parental effort and mate attraction effort are expected to be in conflict as they compete for the same resource budget. However, the quality of care provided by the male may be of a direct benefit to females and may provide an important mate choice cue. In a laboratory experiment, we examined how males modified their parental behavior with respect to mating opportunity by allowing male sand gobies to mate with a single female either in a big or small nest (a constraint on future mating potential). We then exposed half of these males to the visual stimulus from additional females and recorded male egg fanning and nest building (two components of care), courtship behavior, and reproductive success through out the brood cycle. We found that males fanned longer and more frequently and did more nest construction in the presence of females and in big nests. Males guarding large nests courted females more than did males guarding small nests. All males consumed eggs during the brood cycle, but complete clutch cannibalism was most frequent when males were guarding small nests in the absence of females. The pattern of filial cannibalism that we observed suggests that males prematurely terminated care when their reproductive potential was low, that is, when there was little nest space for additional mating and no mates present. We found no support for a trade-off between mate attraction and parental care. Indeed, taken together our results suggest that males may use parental care as a courtship strategy and that males who invest in mate attraction also have higher parental effort. Copyright 2004.
Pectolytic moulds in Nigeria

Eighty moulds isolated from decayed root tubers were screened for pectolytic activities. Of these 82.5% were pectolytic, 38.75% showed both polygalacturonase and pectin lyase activities, 21.5% showed polygalacturonase activity and 22.50% showed pectin lyase activity only. The aspergilli formed the largest group of pectolytic isolates. Other mould isolates with fairly high pectolytic activities include Absidia corymbifera, Cunninghamella elegans, Fusarium pallidoroseum, F. solani, Penicillium aurantiogriseum, P. brevicompactum and Rhizopus oryzae.
Treinamento Aeróbio não Altera Pressão Arterial de Mulheres Menopausadas e com Síndrome Metabólica Aerobic Training does not Alter Blood Pressure in Menopausal Women with Metabolic Syndrome

Background: Arterial Hypertension (AH) is an aggravating condition for Metabolic Syndrome (MS), as well as being aggravated by it. Menopause can make hypertension treatment more difficult, as it favors the worsening of MS components. Although there is evidence that exercise training reduces blood pressure, whether menopause and SM affect the exercise-induced benefits is yet to be elucidated.
Evaluation of the efficacy of different rates of herbicides on weed growth and grain yield of two rice varieties in two rice ecologies in Sierra Leone.

Two rice varieties, NERICA L19 (weed competitive) and ROK10 (high yielding) were subjected to two pre-emergence (RiceForce and ButaForce) and two post-emergence (Stam and RiceForce) with different active ingredients and rates of application during the wet seasons of 2009 and 2010 at Rokupr Mangrove Associated Swamp and at Gbomsamba in the Boliland to determine (i) the effectiveness of different rates of application of pre-and post emergence herbicides on weed growth and yield of rice
Revised morphological relationships within the amphipod genera Pontoporeia and Gammaracanthus and the glacial relict significance of their postglacial distributions

The Holarctic coastal marine and freshwater members of the amphipod families Pontoporeiidae and Gammaracanthidae reveal much greater taxonomical, distributional–ecological, and physiological diversity than formerly recognized. Pontoporeia is formally divided into three full genera (comprising more than 20 species), namely, Pontoporeia (Kroyer, 1842; Monoporeia, new genus, and Diporeia, new genus. Gammaracanthus is divided into two full genera (encompassing about a dozen species) namely, Gammaracanthus Bate, 1862, and Relictacanthus, new genus; Gammaracanthus is divided into the subgenera Gammaracanthus Bate, and Pseudacanthus, new subgenus. The genera are transferred from family Gammaridae, superfamily Gammaroidea, to family Gammaracanthidae (newly diagnosed herein) within superfamily Eusiroidea. Two lines of evidence refute previous theories (e.g. Hogbom's "sluicing up" theory) concerning the origin and evolution of the so called glacial and marine–glacial crustacean fauna of the northern hemisphere: (1).
Financing Investment: The Choice between Public and Private Debt

We build a dynamic model of investment and financing decisions to study the choice between bonds and bank loans in a firm's marginal financing decision and its effects on corporate investment. We show that firms with more growth options, higher bargaining power in default, operating in more competitive product markets, and facing lower credit supply are more likely to issue bonds. We also demonstrate that, by changing the cost of financing, these characteristics affect the timing of investment. We test these predictions using a sample of U.S. firms and present new evidence which is strongly supportive of our theory.
Three essays on corporate finance

Chapter 1 documents a negative relation between industry-wide real asset liquidity and corporate cash holdings. Firms that operate in industries with more active asset sale markets have higher real asset liquidity. These firms hold significant less cash than firms with lower asset liquidity do. The increased ability to sell assets enhances a firm’s flexibility in coping with adverse economic shock, therefore reduces the ex ante motive of saving cash to hedge against bad times. Besides, changes of cash holdings negatively correspond to prior asset liquidity shocks. Cross-sectionally, riskier firms or firms that are more likely to conduct asset sales when distressed, i.e., firms with higher cash flow risk and firms facing greater competitive pressure rather than safer firms or potential asset buyers benefit more from the increased ability to sell assets. Consequently, firms’ capital investments increase with real asset liquidity and are more sensitive to internal cash flow. Taken together, these results suggest an efficient link between a firm’s asset structure and liquidity policy.
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN MENTAL HEALTH, PERSONALITY TRATE AND LIFE EVENTS IN NURSES WORKING IN TEHRAN EMERGENCY MEDICAL SERVICE (TEHRAN 115)

Background and Aim : Work place stress affects the mental health, performance and safety of nurses and their patients in health care centers. These nurses enter the work environment with various personalities and experience many events in their lives. Accordingly this study aims to determine the relationship between the mental health, personality trait and life events in nurses working in Tehran Emergency Medical Service (Tehran 115). Methods Materials : It was a descriptive correlational study. Two hundred nurses working in 115 Tehran Emergency service were randomly selected. Data was collected using General Health Questionnaire (GHO), scaling of life events and standard form of personality type and analyzed using SPSS-PC (v.16). Results : there was a significant relationship between mental health and personality trait and also life events (p=0.000). Mental health status of bachelor nurses was better than operating room and anesthetic technicians (p<0.001) and they had experienced less stressful events (p<0.001). Conclusions : To select the right people for the job tenure, it is recommended that psychological tests such as personality traits to be done at the beginning of employment. Regular education programs and psychological counseling for these individuals is also recommended.
The New Emerging Adult in Chiapas, Mexico: Perceptions of Traditional Values and Value Change Among First-

Social changes in indigenous Maya communities in Chiapas, Mexico toward increasing levels of formal education, commercialization, and urbanization are transforming traditional Maya developmental pathways toward adulthood. This mixed-methods study is based on interviews with a sample of 14 first-generation Maya university students who have also undergone a transition from a rural to an urban environment, either with their families or as part of their educational process. Greenfield’s theory of social change and human development suggests that formal education and urbanization shift developmental pathways in the direction of increasing values for individual autonomy. This study supports Greenfield’s theory: students perceive they are departing from traditional values by endorsing notions of choice, exploration, self-fulfillment, expanded norms for behavior, and gender equality. However, change is a gradual process of negotiating a pathway through old
Exploitation and exploration dynamics in recessionary times

• A submitted manuscript is the author's version of the article upon submission and before peer-review. There can be important differences between the submitted version and the official published version of record. People interested in the research are advised to contact the author for the final version of the publication, or visit the DOI to the publisher's website. • The final author version and the galley proof are versions of the publication after peer review. • The final published version features the final layout of the paper including the volume, issue and page numbers.
DESCRIPTION OF PRENOCERATOPS PIEGANENSIS GEN. ET SP. NOV. (DINOSAURIA: NEOCERATOPSIA) FROM THE TWO MEDICINE FORMATION OF MONTANA

Abstract A new basal neoceratopsian genus and species, Prenoceratops pieganensis, is described from the Two Medicine Formation of Montana. This material represents the only bone-bed deposition of a basal neoceratopsian currently known, and in addition is almost entirely disarticulated allowing for a more thorough understanding of basal neoceratopsian cranial morphology. The new taxon is characterized by a lower, more sloping head than in Leptoceratops, with a nasal that is pinched caudally, a wide, triangular jugal, extremely gracile surangular, and reduced articular among other autapomorphies. A preliminary cladistic analysis unites Prenoceratops firmly with the other North American basal neoceratopsians (and one Asian taxon) in the clade Leptoceratopsidae.
THE USE OF REGRESSION ANALYSIS IN MARKETING RESEARCH

The purpose of the paper is to illustrate the applicability of the linear multiple regression model within a marketing research based on primary, quantitative data. The theoretical background of the developed regression model is the value-chain concept of relationship marketing. In this sense, the authors presume that the outcome variable of the model, the monetary value of one purchase, depends on the clients’ expectations regarding seven dimensions of the company’s offer. The paper is structured in two parts. In the first part, a brief literature review enumerates the main multivariate data analysis methods used in marketing research and describes the general linear multiple regression model and its assumptions. The second part explains a set of procedures specific for the regression analysis.
Response of Local Cassava Varieties in Uganda to Cassava Mosaic Virus Disease

Cassava mosaic disease (CMD) resistant varieties have been used to manage CMD in Uganda. In spite the availability of a number of CMD resistant cultivars, several local landraces are continually grown in Uganda because they possess certain desirable traits, which may not have been fully met by the resistant varieties. Field based trials were setup to evaluate the response to CMD of some landraces that became prominent after the 1990s CMD pandemic. Experiments were located in areas where CMD is reported to have subsided namely, Mukono (Central Uganda) and Bulindi (Western Uganda). Three landraces were evaluated per site along with resistant (Nase 4) and susceptible (Bao) standards. Plots were planted with materials obtained from either diseased or healthy fields. The results showed differences in sensitivity to CMD among varieties tested, with landraces consistently having higher CMD incidences than Nase 4. The landraces tested in Mukono were more susceptible to CMD than even the Bao, while at Bulindi on the other hand, only Sibampale proved to be more resistant than Bao. There were differences in the whitefly populations among the cassava varieties and locations. High whitefly populations characterized all landraces and Nase 4. In most tested varieties, there was a higher infestation of whiteflies on healthy than diseased plants. Low spread of CMD among local landraces was observed in Bulindi as would be expected in areas where CMD has almost subsided (low pressure areas). However, in Mukono, disease spread among landraces was very rapid and high CMD incidences reaching 100% were recorded regardless of whether plots were planted with healthy or diseased cuttings suggesting it to be a CMD hot-spot. Thus, the use of clean planting materials as an effective phytosanitary method can only be employed under low disease pressure while high disease pressure areas need use of resistant varieties. Research Article
Assessment and Classification of Acute Respiratory Tract Infections among Egyptian Rural Children

Aim : To study the problem of ARI (Acute respiratory tract infection) according to IMCI (integrated management of childhood illness) guidelines and find its relation with different related factors. Study Design: Cross sectional study followed by comparative study to the different classifications of ARI. Place and Duration of Study: Met-Mazah Integrated Hospital in Met-Mazah village, Dakahlia governorate, Egypt. The study carried out on one hundred children below 5 years selected by systematic sampling through a period of 6 months. Methodology: A questionnaire was used to assess different factors such as sociodemographic factors, feeding habits and immunization history then detailed general and pulmonary examination of patients was done. Results: The majority of ARIs cases were below two years. Severe pneumonia or very severe disease was slightly higher among male children and those had birth order 6 and more with no significant difference. More than half (60%) of those with family size ≥ 6 had severe pneumonia or very severe disease with significant statistical difference (p=0.005). About half of the children with very low social score were classified as pneumonia (46%) with no significant statistical difference. Total cases of ARIs and those classified as severe pneumonia or very severe disease were higher among those Research Article
A self-perpetuating bamboo disturbance cycle in a neotropical forest

We investigate a hypothesis for explaining maintenance of forest canopy dominance: bamboo (Guadua weberbaueri and Guadua sarcocarpa) loads and crushes trees, resulting in a self-perpetuating disturbance cycle. Forest inventory data revealed a peculiar pattern of tree form and size class distribution in bamboo-dominated plots within the Tambopata River watershed, Madre de Dios, Peru. Bamboo disproportionately loaded trees 5–29 cm in diameter, and this size class had over seven times more canopy damage than trees in control plots without bamboo. These differences were accompanied by reduced tree basal area and tree density in the 5–29-cm-diameter size class in the presence of bamboo. Elevated tree canopy damage was not apparent for trees ≥30 cm dbh, which are beyond the reach of bamboo. Additional evidence for the impact of bamboo was revealed by an experiment using artificial metal trees. Artificial trees in bamboo-dominated forest plots had nine times higher frequency of physical damage and nine times more plant mass loading as compared with control plots. Our results support the hypothesis that bamboo loading causes elevated physical damage to trees and suppresses tree recruitment, particularly for trees 5–29 cm in diameter.
Zijn sponsorvermeldingen in televisieprogramma’s effectief?

Due to concerns about the possible deceptiveness of sponsored content in television programs, the EU decided to make sponsorship disclosure obligatory. The goal of sponsorship disclosure is to raise awareness of sponsored content so viewers can guard themselves against persuasion. This study explores how sponsorship disclosure influences persuasion knowledge, and to what extent recall of a disclosure influences its effect. An experiment (N = 208) shows that a disclosure leads to greater recognition of sponsored content as advertising (i.e. activation of conceptual persuasion knowledge), which consequently makes the viewer evaluate the sponsored content more critically (i.e. higher attitudinal persuasion knowledge). This effect is only manifest for viewers who recalled the disclosure. Theoretically, this shows the importance of sponsorship disclosure and the recall of disclosure for effects on persuasion knowledge. As regulations are still in development in several countries, the findings are important for the practical implication of sponsorship disclosure.
Turbot (Scophthalmus maximus) Grow-out in Europe: Practices, Results, and Prospects

Turbot farming is an emerging industry with a total production of 5,500 metric tonnes in Europe in 2000 (only 5% of sea bream and sea bass production). The market situation at the moment is favourable for turbot. This paper provides an overview of the major features of turbot grow-out methods that are in the public domain and describes the results of rearing studies done with an Atlantic strain of turbot, both in the laboratory and by the industry. Turbot farming has developed mostly in land-based systems supplied with sea water at ambient temperature, or most often heated. Rearing methods are highly diversified among sites. Under the most intensive rearing conditions, stocking densities average 45-50 kg m-2 and fish are fed dry pellets manually. Growth results are highly dependent on environmental conditions, mainly the average annual temperature. The best growth rates are obtained at about 14-19°C. To reduce heating costs, there is now great interest in re-circulation systems in several countries. This paper also discusses the gap between the observed growth potential and the usual growth results in the light of recent applied scientific research. Major growth improvements may be obtained by using the optimal thermal regime, by increasing oxygen concentration to near saturation and by feeding fish correctly near apparent satiety. Since efficient commercial diets are now available, dietary composition is the main determinant of flesh quality. Selection of fast-growing and late-maturing fish is another way to improve growth of turbot.
Markovian queueing inventory system with two stage working vacations

This paper studies the behaviour a of two stage working vacations of a single server on Markovian queueing inventory system. The server starts taking two successive working vacations whenever the stock level and the customer level in the queue are both zero. The service rate in the 1st stage working vacation is considered to be lesser than the service rate in regular busy period but greater than the service rate in the 2nd stage working vacation. The nature of the inventory is perishable and the replenishment policy of any order is (s;Q). The steady state joint distribution of the inventory level, the status of the single server and the number of customers in the queue are obtained. Various characteristics of system performance in the steady state are derived and the longrun expected total cost rate is estimated. Several events with numerical examples, which provides the optimal behaviour of the system are presented.
Zero-dimensional models for plasma chemistry

In this thesis two different models for examining the chemistry in a plasma are studied. Both are zero dimensional, meaning that the configuration and transport aspects of plasmas are combined and reduced to frequencies. The first type of models are Collisional Radiative Models (CRM), in which the atomic state distribution function can be seen as being composed by contributions of a limited number of atomic states, typically the atom and ion ground state. Transitions between levels are facilitated by electrons and photons. The second type of models are Global Plasma Models (GPM), whose goal it is to predict mean values of internal plasma parameters as a function of external control parameters. Collisional Radiative Models The tasks of a CRM are threefold: calculating the ASDF, the effective conversion frequencies, and the source terms for the energy equation. In a general exploration, the derivation is described to structure the various collisional and radiative processes into simple matrix equations. Initially, a Quasi Steady State (QSS) solution is pursued, but the results are extended to a time-dependent solution. The properties of the agents facilitating the transitions (electrons and photons), are allowed to be of a transient nature. This description of aCRMis implemented in the Plasimo framework; a plasma modeling platform. The addition of a CRM in the form of a model-plugin to Plasimo are described, as well as the details for constructing and solving the CRM, both for the case of QSS and transient plasmas. The Plasimo CRM is used in two applications: a CRM of an Extreme UltraViolet (EUV) driven plasma in Ar, and a Laser Induced Fluorescence experiment in Ar plasmas. Both models are time-dependent; in the first application due to the electrons created by an EUV pulse, in the second application due to a laser pulse. The CRM of the EUV driven plasma gives insight into the time dependent spectrum of the plasma. It is shown that optical emission spectroscopy can be used to monitor the electron energy in the plasma, and thereby the sputtering action of ions. The CRM of an Ar LIF experiment helps in understanding the mechanisms that follow a perturbation imposed on the Ar system by a laser pulse. The results of the model are compared to the results of experiments on a Surfatron Induced Plasma in which the electron density and temperature are well known. Global Plasma Models A GPM is also implemented as a model plugin for Plasimo. As in the CRM plugin, the species densities are modeled, but this is extended with the modeling of the electron density and electron energy balance. The model is a collection of chemical reactions, and the external control parameter is the input power density. This model plugin is used to model a High Power Impulse Magnetron Sputtering plasma. Although the model is zero dimensional, sputtering is included in the form of a frequency of particle density entering the plasma; the same as dealing with other transport aspects. The model plugin is a valuable tool in studying the relevant processes in the creation of species.