Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
New evidence for persistent impact‐generated hydrothermal activity in the Miocene Ries impact structure, Germany

The extent of impact‐generated hydrothermal activity in the 24 km sized Ries impact structure has been controversially discussed. To date, mineralogical and isotopic investigations point to a restriction of hydrothermal activity to the impact‐melt bearing breccias, specifically the crater‐fill suevite. Here, we present new petrographic, geochemical, and isotopic data of postimpact carbonate deposits, which indicate a hydrothermal activity more extended than previously assumed. Specifically, carbonates of the Erbisberg, a spring mound located upon the inner crystalline ring of the crater, show travertine facies types not seen in any of the previously investigated sublacustrine soda lake spring mounds of the Ries basin. In particular, the streamer carbonates, which result from the encrustation of microbial filaments in subaerial spring effluents between 60 and 70 °C, are characteristic of a hydrothermal origin. While much of the primary geochemical and isotopic signatures in the mound carbonates have been obliterated by diagenesis, a postimpact calcite vein from brecciated gneiss of the subsurface crater floor revealed a flat rare earth element pattern with a clear positive Eu anomaly, indicating a hydrothermal fluid convection in the crater basement. Finally, the strontium isotope stratigraphic correlation of the travertine mound with the crater basin succession suggests a hydrothermal activity for about 250,000 yr after the impact, which would be much longer than previously assumed.
Site Variation in Summer Foods of Arctic Fox, Prince of Wales Island, Northwest Territories

Analysis of 840 arctic fox (Alopex lagopus) feces (scats) from Prince of Wales Island, indicate that collared lemming (Dicrostonyx groenlandicus) are the most frequent food item. Caribou (Rangifer), arctic hare (Lepus arcticus) and ermine Mustela erminea) were less important. Bird remains were not prevalent in the arctic fox scats. A marked difference was found between prey items at a den site and those recovered in scats from general searches. Caribou remains were more prevalent in scats from a den site because adult foxes were scavenging nearby wolf kills. Arctic fox scats were collected on Prince of Wales Island, Northwest Territories during July and August 1977 at a den site (n=375) and on general searches (n=465) surrounding the den. The Russell River den site (73" 41' N, 97" 41' W) is situated 100 m from an unnamed river, approximately 5.0 km from the northeast coast of the island. The den site is a low ( area in the northeastern region of the island between Bellot Cliff (73" 32' N, 97" 41' W) and Back Bay. These areas completely surround the den site and were an adequate scat sample for other arctic foxes travelling the general vicinity of the den site. All scats were collected separately and labelled with location. Winter scats were easily discerned from summer scats by their leeched appearance and by the apparent age of the scat deposition site. Only scats considered to be from the summer of 1977 were used in the analysis. Adult and whelp scats were separated following the criteria presented by Speller (1972). On general searches, scats were collected at a distance from the den to avoid overlap between den scats and those found elsewhere. Analysis of the scats was done on the basis of the microstructure of the hair or feathers recovered. After the scats were washed through 2 sieves (mesh size 75 and 200pm), the hair remains were mounted on acetate strips and examined microscopically (Williamson, 1951). A reference collection of known hair samples of all possible prey species available to arctic fox on Prince of Wales was used to identify hair. Feather remains were identified to taxonomic order after the methods outlined by Day (1966). All species identified from the scats were listed and these data were analysed by frequency of occurrence of items in the total numbers of scats. A Chi-square test of independence was used to find the significance of the variation in food items from each site.
This is a repository copy of Food insecurity and mental health : an analysis of routine primary care data of pregnant women in the Born in Bradford cohort

Background Since 2008, use of food banks has risen sharply in the UK, however evidence on the epidemiology of UK food insecurity is sparse. The aim of this study was to describe the trajectory of common mental disorder across the pre-pregnancy, pregnancy and postnatal period for food secure compared to food insecure women. Methods Data from the Born in Bradford cohort, the nested BiB1000 study and primary care records were linked based on NHS numbers. Data linkage was completed for 1297 and primary care records were available from 18 months prior to 40 months after birth of the cohort child. Incidence rates of common mental disorders per 1000 Patient Years At Risk were compared between food secure and food insecure women, and for Pakistani compared to White British women, in ten six-month periods around pregnancy. Poisson regression was used to calculate Incidence Rate Ratios, adjusted for ethnicity and exposure. Results Food insecurity was significantly associated with an increased risk of common mental disorder before and during pregnancy (Incidence Rate Ratio 1.9, 95% confidence interval 1.3 to 2.8, p=0.001) and after giving birth (Incidence Rate Ratio 1.3, 95% confidence interval 1.0 to 1.7, p=0.029). Conclusions Our study shows that food insecure women have worse mental health than food secure women, and that this difference is most pronounced for White British pregnant women. These findings provide evidence for concerns expressed by public health experts that food insecurity may become the next public health emergency.
23. GEOCHEMISTRY AND ISOTOPIC DATING OF CENOZOIC VOLCANIC ARC SEQUENCES AROUND THE CELEBES AND SULU SEAS1

Geochemical data and whole-rock ^K-^Ar isotopic ages are presented for more than 50 igneous rocks (a majority of lavas and some plutonic bodies) sampled onshore (Philippine Archipelago: Tablas, Panay, Masbate, Mindanao, northern Borneo (Sabah), and north Sulawesi) around the Celebes and Sulu Seas. These data are compared with the ^K-^Ar ages obtained on drilled lavas along the Cagayan Ridge at ODP Sites 769 and 771 and with the major pyroclastic and tephras events recorded in the basins. Onshore ages range from 32 Ma to near 0 Ma for these rocks of generally calc-alkaline affinity with some shoshonitic high-K basalts. On the basis of geological data and kinematic reconstructions, two types of island arcs can be differentiated: those related to the progressive closing of the Celebes and Sulu marginal basins and those belonging to the Philippine Sea Plate. The combined age and chemistry for these two magmatic belts allow us to decipher the Neogene evolution of the complex zone of interaction of the Eurasian, Philippine Sea, and Australian plates.
“ Performance of the Average Directional Index as a market timing tool for the most actively traded USD based currency pairs ”

The aim of this study is to test a trading system based on the average directional index, which is complemented with the parabolic stop and reverse indicator. The trend-based system is tested onto the most actively traded USD based foreign currency pairs, using both monthly and weekly data set over 2000–2018. Sharpe and Sortino measures are used to track the performance of the currency pairs, based on total risk and downside risk assumptions. Results are robust tested by decomposing the data into pre and post 2008 financial crisis. Using an investment horizon over 18 years, the reliance upon the monthly model produced lower maximum drawdowns and lesser trades than the weekly model. While Swiss Franc had the best (worse) performance in the monthly (weekly) based model, the Chinese Renminbi witnessed the worse (best) performance in the monthly (weekly) based model. Pre and post financial crisis decompositions suggest the weekly-based system is more reliable than the monthly one with relatively more trades and positive performance, where the Chinese Renminbi and Japanese Yen posted the highest Sharpe and Sortino values of 0.996 and 4.452 respectively in the post crisis period. Proportionately high level of negative returns coupled with relatively low positive Sharpe and Sortino values, however, suggest that a trading system relying on the average directional index and parabolic stop and reverse indicator to be further tested and analyzed at higher frequencies. Ikhlaas Gurrib (United Arab Emirates) BUSINESS PERSPECTIVES LLC “СPС “Business Perspectives” Hryhorii Skovoroda lane, 10, Sumy, 40022, Ukraine www.businessperspectives. org Performance of the Average
Dual peak cholera transmission in Bengal Delta: A hydroclimatological explanation

Cholera has reemerged as a global killer with the world witnessing an unprecedented rise in cholera infection and transmission since the 1990s. Cholera outbreaks across most affected areas show infection patterns with a single annual peak. However, cholera incidences in the Bengal Delta region, the native homeland of cholera, show bi‐annual peaks. The mechanisms behind this unique seasonal dual peak phenomenon in cholera dynamics, especially the role of climatic and hydrologic variables, are not fully understood. Here, we show that low flow in the Brahmaputra and the Ganges during spring is associated with the first outbreaks of cholera in Bangladesh; elevated spring cholera outbreaks are seen in low discharge years. Peak streamflow of these rivers, on the other hand, create a different cholera transmission environment; peak flood volumes and extent of flood‐affected areas during monsoon are responsible for autumn cholera outbreaks. Our results demonstrate how regional hydroclimatology may explain the seasonality and dual peaks of cholera incidence in the Bengal Delta region. A quantitative understanding of the relationships among the hydroclimatological drivers and seasonal cholera outbreaks will help early cholera detection and prevention efforts.
THE MAMMARY TUMORS IN DOGS: SURVEY OF CLINICAL AND PATHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS

seven years. However, it is not known whether the most suitable breed is being employed. There is need for more information regarding the normal tumor incidence in dogs, especially tumors of the mammary gland. Information on this subject is rather scanty and the findings vary widely, usually due to the diversified nature of the population under study (9). The literature on canine mammary tumors does show marked variation in opinion (11, 13). The objective of this survey was to obtain further information for the characterization of mammary tumors. Dogs are used extensively for the long term evaluation of carcinogenic potential of chemical compounds and new drugs, and data from these studies
THE CANADIAN VETERINARY JOURNAL

Novel, E. and Pongratz, E. (1969). Survival of the spores of Bacillus anthracis and two other bacterial species. Path. Microbiol. 33, 180-184 (F.e.) (Inst. Hygiene, CH-1200 Geneva). Anthrax spores stored on filter paper since Schultz, M. G. , Halterman, L. G. , Rich, A. B. & Martin, G. A. (1969). An epizootic of bovine cysticercosis. -J. Am vet. med. Ass. 155, 1708-1717 (Parasitic Dis. Branch, National Communicable Dis. Center, Altanta, Georgia 30333). Chemesky, S. J. (1970). A serological survey for canine leptospirosis in British Columbia.Can. J. comp. Med. 34, 102-104 (Dep. Microbiol., Univ. British Columbia, Vancouver 8). Serum obtained from 137 mostly healthy dogs in British Columbia was tested against Sybesma, W. (1969). (Differences in stresssusceptibility in slaughter pigs. Some veterinary aspects.) -Tijdschr. Diergeneesk. 94, 1696-1702 (D.e.f.g.) (Inst. Schoonoord, Driebergseweg lOD, Zeist, Netherlands). The higher susceptibility to stress of the meat-producing type of pig is considered as one of the main causes of the high death rate during transport and the varying meat quality 1902 were still alive (after 67 years), although a strain labelled 1901 was dead. B. subtilis spores stored since 1908 were still alive. Reprinted from "The Veterinary Bulletin", Vol. 40, No. 4, April, 1970. Outbreaks of cysticercosis among cattle on two large feedlots in Texas were attributed to contamination of soil and silage by workers passing Taenia saginata eggs in the faeces. Reprinted from "The Veterinary Bulletin", Vol. 40, No. 6, June, 1970. three leptospiral antigens in the macroscopic slide agglutination test. Eight were positive for L. canicola, two of these also for L. icterohaemorrhagiae. Reprinted from "The Veterinary Bulletin", Vol. 40, No. 7, Jtuly, 1970. in the Netherlands. Some of the symptoms of this phenomenon, for which the name "malignant hyperthermia syndrome" is used, are rapid rises in body temp. (about 410 C), blood lactic acid, blood glucose (above 200 mg%), SCOT and LDH. With the use of a treadmill it was possible to distinguish between different degrees of stress susceptibility. Reprinted from "The Veterinary Bulletin", Vol. 40, No. 7, July, 1970.
The measurement and meaning of unintended pregnancy.

Unintended pregnancy combines two aspects of fertility: unwanted and mistimed pregnancies. The personal partnership social and political realities of these two aspects are different and the use of separate categories may better reflect the way women think about a pregnancy. A better understanding of the multiple dimensions of unintended pregnancy also may lead to a better understanding of the consequences of these pregnancies. Likewise better knowledge of the extent of mistiming and perhaps the strength of intentions may be important in understanding health impact. Effective programs to prevent unintended pregnancy must use terms that are familiar to women and must build upon cultural understanding of the problem to be prevented. Research should focus on the meaning of pregnancy intentions to women and the processes women and their partners use in making fertility decisions. It should prospectively address the impact of pregnancy intentions on contraceptive use. Both qualitative and quantitative research have contributed to our understanding of fertility decisionmaking; both will be essential to the creation of more effective prevention programs. (excerpt)
Greedy Randomized Adaptive Search Procedure for Traveling Salesman Problem Greedy Randomized Adaptive Search Procedure for Traveling Salesman Problem a Thesis

Greedy Randomized Adaptive Search Procedure for Traveling Salesman Problem. (May 2005) Seung Ho Lee, B.E. , Korea University Chair of Advisory Committee: Dr. Sergiy Butenko In this thesis we use greedy randomize adaptive search procedure (GRASP) to solve the traveling salesman problem (TSP). Starting with nearest neighbor method to construct the initial TSP tour, we apply the 2-opt and the path-relinking method for the initial tour improvement. To increase 2-opt search speed, fixed-radius near neighbor search and don′t− look bit techniques are introduced. For the same reason a new efficient data structure, the reverse array, is proposed to represent the TSP tour. Computational results show that GRASP gives fairly good solutions in a short time.
Idol immersion and physico-chemical properties of South Gujarat rivers

Ganesh chaturthi is one of the main festivals celebrated in India, it is the most celebrated in western India. After predetermined time idol is immersed in water bodies every year. As the extent of idol immersion increases with increasing population with limited water bodies hence water pollution increases, which is alarming situation. In present study total five sampling stations were identified during current year (2009) with respect to idol immersion sites from different cities of South Gujarat i.e. Surat, Navsari, Valsad, Autl-Pardi and Vapi. All the samples collected by means of composite sampling to know the physico-chemical quality of all river water. The analysis was carried out for pH, temperature, color, DO, COD, chloride, hardness, SS, TDS, conductivity, and phosphate parameters. The results obtained reveals that almost all river water becomes acidic after idol immersion except Par river. Parameters like hardness, chloride, color, SS, TDS increases after idol immersion in all rivers except Par river for TDS. DO is decreasing drastically after the next day of idol immersion at all the rivers which is indication of pollution. The trend of increasing such parameters indicates that idol immersion affect the water quality to the extent with respect to self purification of water and flow of stream of the river.
Hepatic Lesions Enhancement in Multiphasic Contrast-Enhanced Multi Detector Computed Tomography

Purpose: To evaluate whether triphasic spiral Computerized Tomography (CT) enables characterization of a wide range of liver lesions. Materials And Methods: 50 patients with suspected liver disease underwent triphasic liver (CT) scan. After injection of contrast material, the liver was scanned in arterial, portal and equilibrium phases. Enhancement of each lesion in each phase was evaluated, and the lesions were tabulated according enhancement patterns. Results: In all patients, liver lesions were detected. The nature of the lesions was characterized in all phases. Enhancement patterns of benign disease, malignant and metastases were also been analyzed. Arterial and venous phase images are helpful in the detection of hyper vascular lesions and are essential for the characterization of a large proportion of lesions. Equilibrium phase images demonstrate benign focal liver lesions, such as hemangioma, cyst, of a hypo-/hypo-(cyst)/hypoappearance. Hyper vascular rim of hyper-(rim)/ hypo-/hypolesions in patients with a hyper vascular primary tumor or chronic liver disease represented malignant disease. Hypo-/ hypo-/hypoand hypo-/hypo-/hyper lesions need to be interpreted with caution. Conclusion: Triphasic liver (CT) enables characterization of a wide range of liver lesions and characterized them significantly at p≤0.000 Keywords– Triphasic, Computerized Tomography, Hepatic Lesions
A Comparison of Several Statistical Methods for Examining Allegations of Copying

iii STATISTICAL METHODS 1 Methods Based on Direct Adjustment 3 Methods Based on Indirect Adjustment 3 Model Based Methods 4 METHOD 7 Data 8 Calculation of Statistics. * 8 Determination of False Positive Rates 10 Types of Copying . 12 Conditional False Positive Rates 14 RESULTS 16 DISCUSSION 19 Other Factors in Choosing a Method 21 The Use of Benchmark Data 23 Possible Limitations 24 Cautions . 25 CONCLUSIONS 26 References •. 28 Tables 29 Figures 48
Discussion on ‘Late Cenozoic geological evolution of the northern North Sea: development of a Miocene unconformity reshaped by large-scale Pleistocene sand intrusion’, Journal of the Geological Society, 170, 133–145

In their recent paper, Loseth et al . (2013) propose a new model for the late Cenozoic evolution of the northern North Sea. They propose that during the early Pleistocene ( sensu ICS 2013), large volumes of sand were ejected from the Paleocene through the Eocene–Oligocene Hordaland Group, and deposited both as extrusive sand on the Pleistocene seafloor and as intrusive sand within the Oligocene section, c . 180 m below the seafloor. The paper builds on two earlier studies: (1) that by Loseth et al . (2012) in which the Pleistocene extrusive sand is presented in more detail; (2) that by Rodrigues et al . (2009) in which an experimental model related to such sand deposition is presented. The model of Loseth et al . (2013) is illustrated by a seismic section in their figure 12, showing intrusive sands within the Oligocene and extrusive sands within the Pleistocene. Details of this model, such as feeder dykes and blowout fissures that create ditches, are shown in their figure 8 (Visund Field) and figure 11 (Snorre Field). The geological events are summarized in their figure 16. As illustrated on a stratigraphic scheme (their figs 2 and 15), Loseth et al . interpret the Oligocene sands as being injected from a Paleocene parent sand. They propose that the mounds at the top of the Hordaland Group resulted from forced folding over the sand injectites, as exemplified in their figure 11. Furthermore, Loseth et al . interpret escarpments on the Top Hordaland Group Unconformity as cliff sections similar to those of southeastern England today and claim that the northern North Sea was subaerially exposed during a 10 myr Miocene time span. Loseth et al . (2012, 2013) not only challenge our previous turbiditic interpretation of the Pleistocene sand (Eidvin & …
The Welfare Gains of Age‐Related Optimal Income Taxation

Using a calibrated overlapping generations model we quantify the welfare gains of an age dependent income tax. Agents face uncertainty regarding future abilities and can by saving transfer consumption across periods. The welfare gain of switching from an age-independent to an age-dependent nonlinear tax amounts in our benchmark model to around three percent of GDP. The gains are particularly high when there are restrictions on debt policy. The gains of using a nonlinear- as opposed to a linear tax are even larger. Surprisingly, it is of secondary importance to optimally choose the tax on interest income.
Behavioral and Brain Functions

Background: Malnutrition is associated with both structural and functional pathology of the brain. A wide range of cognitive deficits has been reported in malnourished children. Effect of chronic protein energy malnutrition (PEM) causing stunting and wasting in children could also affect the ongoing development of higher cognitive processes during childhood (>5 years of age). The present study examined the effect of stunted growth on the rate of development of cognitive processes using neuropsychological measures. Methods: Twenty children identified as malnourished and twenty as adequately nourished in the age groups of 5–7 years and 8–10 years were examined. NIMHANS neuropsychological battery for children sensitive to the effects of brain dysfunction and age related improvement was employed. The battery consisted of tests of motor speed, attention, visuospatial ability, executive functions, comprehension and learning and memory Results: Development of cognitive processes appeared to be governed by both age and nutritional status. Malnourished children performed poor on tests of attention, working memory, learning and memory and visuospatial ability except on the test of motor speed and coordination. Age related improvement was not observed on tests of design fluency, working memory, visual construction, learning and memory in malnourished children. However, age related improvement was observed on tests of attention, visual perception, and verbal comprehension in malnourished children even though the performance was deficient as compared to the performance level of adequately nourished children. Conclusion: Chronic protein energy malnutrition (stunting) affects the ongoing development of higher cognitive processes during childhood years rather than merely showing a generalized cognitive impairment. Stunting could result in slowing in the age related improvement in certain and not all higher order cognitive processes and may also result in long lasting cognitive impairments. Published: 24 July 2008 Behavioral and Brain Functions 2008, 4:31 doi:10.1186/1744-9081-4-31 Received: 23 October 2007 Accepted: 24 July 2008 This article is available from: http://www.behavioralandbrainfunctions. com/content/4/1/31 © 2008 Kar et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.