Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
EVIDENCE FOR INHOMOGENEOUS HEATING IN THE SOLAR WIND

Solar wind observations and magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) simulations are used to probe the nature of turbulence heating. In particular, the electron heat flux, electron temperature, and ion temperature in the solar wind are studied using ACE and Wind data. These heating diagnostics are also compared with MHD simulation estimates of the local dissipation density. Coherent structures, which are sources of inhomogeneity and intermittency in MHD turbulence, are found to be associated with enhancements in every heating-related diagnostic. This supports the hypothesis that significant inhomogeneous heating occurs in the solar wind, connected with current sheets that are dynamically generated by MHD turbulence. Indeed, a subset of these coherent current sheets might be candidates for magnetic reconnection. However, the specific kinetic mechanisms that heat and accelerate particles within these structures require further study.
A Focused Bayesian Information Criterion

Myriads of model selection criteria (Bayesian and frequentist) have been proposed in the literature aiming at selecting a single model regardless of its intended use. An honorable exception in the frequentist perspective is the “focused information criterion” (FIC) aiming at selecting a model based on the parameter of interest (focus). This paper takes the same view in the Bayesian context; that is, a model may be good for one estimand but bad for another. The proposed method exploits the Bayesian model averaging (BMA) machinery to obtain a new criterion, the focused Bayesian model averaging (FoBMA), for which the best model is the one whose estimate is closest to the BMA estimate. In particular, for two models, this criterion reduces to the classical Bayesian model selection scheme of choosing the model with the highest posterior probability. The new method is applied in linear regression, logistic regression, and survival analysis. This criterion is specially important in epidemiological studies in which the objective is often to determine a risk factor (focus) for a disease, adjusting for potential confounding factors.
Selective Separation of Tocol Homologues by Liquid-Liquid Extraction Using Choline-Based Deep Eutectic Solvents

In this paper we examined the potential of choline-based deep eutectic solvents (DESs) for selective extraction of tocol homologues from crude palm oil (CPO) through liquid-liquid extraction (LLE). Distribution of tocol homologues (α-tocopherol, α-, β, γ-, and δ-tocotrienol) presence in CPO when subjected to DES-assisted LLE has not been fully understood in the past. The effect of increasing the amount of DES on the distribution and selectivity of were investigated. It was found that tocol homologues were distributed in the order of their hydrophilic power, with tocols of higher polarity distributed more into the stripping phase compared to the less polar tocols. Distribution coefficients for α-tocopherol, α-, β, γ-, and δ-tocotrienol were 7.8, 13.1, 19.8, 22.1 and 29.6, respectively, when equal weight of CPO and choline chloride-malonic acid eutectic mixture (DES1) were used. The distribution of each tocol homologues also increased with increasing DES1, due to the increase in polarity of the stripping phase that attracted more tocols. Selectivity of δ-tocotrienol, which is the most polar tocol, was always higher than other homologues (α-tocopherol: 3.81, α-tocotrienol: 2.22, β-tocotrienol: 1.50, γ-tocotrienol: 1.34). Role of hydrophilic power of the tocols using selected DESs to selectively separate tocol homologues established in this paper has a potential for palm oil industry as tocotrienols are better antioxidants, thus more favorable, than α-tocopherol. HIGHLIGHTS Tocopherols and tocotrienols in palm oil products are usually extracted for nutritional capsules and dietary products formulations using high-end techniques which are costly. Liquid-liquid extraction is a cheap technique which can be carried out at ambient conditions but with low selectivity A series of choline-based eutectic solvents, a new generation of green chemicals, were formulated for targeted separation of, specifically five tocol homologues present in crude palm oil; α-tocopherol, α-, β-, γ-, and δ-tocotrienol Unique combination of the eutectic solvents and liquid-liquid extraction resulted in selective separation of tocol homologues depending on the polarity of the tocols. Tocotrienols, having higher polarity and better antioxidative power than tocopherols, can be selectively extracted with the right deep eutectic solvents made from choline chloride, malonic acid, and citric acid GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
THE ROOTS, THE BRANCHES AND THE FRUITS: EXPLORING THE IMPACT OF BRAZILIAN STUDENT ENTREPRENEURSHIP SOCIETIES ON STARTUP CREATION AND ON ENTREPRENEURSHIP EDUCATION

Student Entrepreneurship Societies (SES) are bottom-up organizations, led and developed by university students to promote entrepreneurship and innovation practices. This paper reports results of research aimed to survey the Brazilian SES, characterizing their main activities, challenges, supporters, and how SES are impacting startup creation and the development of entrepreneurship skills among students. We identified the Brazilian SES, applied two questionnaires to gather information about the SES and interviewed some SES leaders. We found 92 SES in Brazil. Only 3,7% of the 2608 Brazilian Universities were linked to a SES, and the 940 students directly involved in SES represent only 0,01% of the 8.03 million Brazilian university students. In the UK such proportion is considerably higher - 1,2%. SES members study Canvas Business Model, pitch, MVP, Design Thinking and Lean Startup; they promote talks, workshops, networking events, hackathons, and business plan competitions. They develop practical projects essentially in all areas and receive support from professors, entrepreneurs, startups, investors and other agents of the ecosystem. Although SES leaders have reported participation and/or support in the creation of 24 startups, only 8 (28,57% from 28 respondent SES) had records on startup creation. Through involvement in SES, the student’s education is enriched by theory and practice, networking, and influence from professors, entrepreneurs, startup communities and other students. The positive impact of SES on a student’s professional development should motivate policy makers, startup communities, investors and universities to consider increasing support to SES. New research should be conducted to shed light on the impact of SES for the creation of new businesses.
Putting: How a golf ball and hole interact

The equations of motion for a golf ball interacting with a hole on a putting surface are found. A computer is used to predict the outcome of the ball’s encounter with the hole as a function of the impact parameter and the initial velocity of the ball at the rim. If the ball does not skid or bounce when it collides with the opposite rim, it is predicted that a uniform ball must travel at 1.626 m/s or less to be captured; that the British ball is easier to sink than the slightly larger American ball; that a ball with a larger moment of inertia is more difficult to sink; and that bouncing and skidding (factors that vary from green to green) result in capture at greater speeds. Experimental studies support these predictions.
Nonlinear harmonic generation in a free-electron laser seeded with high harmonic radiation

Seeding a Free-Electron Laser (FEL) drastically improves the temporal coherence of the self-amplified spontaneous emission and reduces the saturation length, even with very low-intensity seed. We report here on the achievement of single-shot nonlinear harmonics from the 2nd to the 7th order at 23 nm, on the FEL of the SCSS Test Accelerator operated at 150 MeV and seeded at 160 nm with harmonics generated in gas. In particular, a clear intensity enhancement leading to saturation effect observations and temporal coherence improvement for both odd and even harmonics are highlighted due to the seeding. Single-shot measurements both in spatial (vertical) and spectral domains are compared to analytical theory and numerical simulations.
Sampling of Discontinuous Dirac Systems

In this article, we study discontinuous regular Dirac systems with transmission conditions at the point of discontinuity. We study briey the spectral analysis of problem as Levitan and Sargsjan [23]. In the special case, when our problem is continuous, the obtained results coincide with the corresponding results in Abd-Alla and Annaby [1] and Zayed and Garcia [30]. We derive sampling representations for transforms whose kernels are either solutions or Green's functions.
Visualising the Russia-Ukraine War: A Semiotic Analysis of Arab Social Media Cartoons

This study is a verbal-pictorial analysis of the Russia-Ukraine war in Jordanian cartoons. It examines socio-political contexts related to the Russia-Ukraine war through a semiotic analysis of selected political cartoons posted on the official Facebook accounts of two well-known Jordanian cartoonists, Emad Hajjaj and Osama Hajjaj, between January and September, 2022. These cartoons show the conflict through the eyes of Arabs, who may be considered neutral and distanced from the conflict. As such, the study provides novel insights for semiotics by analysing signs in verbo-pictorial entities and demonstrating how verbal and visual signs can work synergistically to connote powerful messages. Sixty-eight political cartoons were collected and classified into the themes of: negotiation, alliance, economic consequences (the food and energy crisis), the Russia-Ukraine war and COVID-19, the refugee crisis, Putin vs. peace, nuclear war, and the mocking of Putin’s policies. We selected a representative cartoon from each theme and analysed their messages via the Roland Barthes model (1967, 1977) according to three types of message: verbal (i.e., text), non-verbal (i.e., denoted visual signs), and symbolic. These verbal and visual signs were used to clarify and interpret the symbolic messages of the selected cartoons. The thematic findings reflect the views and attitudes of an Arab community (Jordanian, in this case) regarding the Russian-Ukraine war.
Abrupt Drying on the Southeast Coast of China During the Mid‐to‐Late Holocene Transition

It is becoming increasingly clear that China experienced significant hydrological changes during the mid‐to‐late Holocene transition—a period characterized by societal changes. However, the nature of the hydroclimate anomaly as well as the direct consequences on societies in Southeast China remains unclear. Here, we present a leaf wax record from the Shuizhuyang peat deposit in Southeast China spanning the Holocene. The δD values of C29 n‐alkane (δDC29) showed a large positive shift up to 24‰ from 4.7 to 3.8 ka, which changed independent of vegetation proxies and could not be solely explained by precipitation δD variations. It is thus most likely to reflect abrupt drying, which is probably shaped by a more El Niño‐like mean state in the tropical Pacific Ocean. We hypothesize that such a significant change in hydroclimate might have promoted the development of mixed rice and millet farming on the southeast coast of China.
THE TURBULENT CASCADE FOR HIGH CROSS-HELICITY STATES AT 1 AU

We apply third-moment theory that describes the energy cascade within the inertial range of magnetohydrodynamic turbulence to observations of large cross-helicity states at 1 AU. We find that in contrast to intervals with smaller helicity that form the bulk of the observations, large helicity states demonstrate a significant back-transfer of energy from small to large scales. This occurs in such a manner as to reinforce the dominance of the outward-propagating fluctuations. We find no evidence of a significant anisotropy in the back-transfer dynamics and conclude that the process must be short-lived in order to be consistent with solar wind observations. We offer this as partial explanation for large helicity states in the solar wind.
Methotrexate-Induced Liver Injury Is Associated with Oxidative Stress, Impaired Mitochondrial Respiration, and Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress In Vitro

Low-dose methotrexate (MTX) is a standard therapy for rheumatoid arthritis due to its low cost and efficacy. Despite these benefits, MTX has been reported to cause chronic drug-induced liver injury, namely liver fibrosis. The hallmark of liver fibrosis is excessive scarring of liver tissue, triggered by hepatocellular injury and subsequent activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs). However, little is known about the precise mechanisms through which MTX causes hepatocellular damage and activates HSCs. Here, we investigated the mechanisms leading to hepatocyte injury in HepaRG and used immortalized stellate cells (hTERT-HSC) to elucidate the mechanisms leading to HSC activation by exposing mono- and co-cultures of HepaRG and hTERT-HSC to MTX. The results showed that at least two mechanisms are involved in MTX-induced toxicity in HepaRG: (i) oxidative stress through depletion of glutathione (GSH) and (ii) impairment of cellular respiration in a GSH-independent manner. Furthermore, we measured increased levels of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in activated HSC following MTX treatment. In conclusion, we established a human-relevant in vitro model to gain mechanistical insights into MTX-induced hepatotoxicity, linked oxidative stress in HepaRG to a GSH-dependent and -independent pathway, and hypothesize that not only oxidative stress in hepatocytes but also ER stress in HSCs contribute to MTX-induced activation of HSCs.
Role of Estrogen Receptor Alpha rs3798577 Polymorphism in Breast Carcinoma Risk Determination

BACKGROUND: Interaction between estrogen and estrogen receptor (ER) takes part in the regulation and differentiation of breast tumorigenesis. Some ERα polymorphisms, including ERα rs3798577, are reported to be associated with the risk and aggressiveness of breast carcinoma since the site was reported to be targeted by microRNA, which can further modulate the ERα expression. Hence, this study was conducted to disclose the possible role of ERα SNP rs3798577 on breast carcinoma patients.METHODS: Samples were taken from the post-mastectomy breast carcinoma tissues of female patients and screened based on the completeness of medical and histopathological records. DNA isolation was proceeded using real time-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) then analyzed for high resolution melting (HRM). The nucleotide base sequence was then analyzed based on rs3798577 ERα polymorphism. ER immunohistochemistry test was carried out and counted quantitatively based on the staining intensity and the percentage of the stained cells.RESULTS: Out of 65 samples, there were 33 samples as wild type and 32 samples as variant type. Most variant and wild type had >80% ERα percentage. Most variant type had middle ERα intensity, while wild type had strong ERα intensity. Higher percentage of variant type (52.2%) was found with weak ERα histoscore, meanwhile higher percentage of wild type (52.4%) was found with strong ERα histoscore, but not significant (p=0.725). CONCLUSION: ERα rs3798577 variant type had a lower ERα intensity and weaker ERα histoscore compared to the wild type, suggesting that ERα rs3798577 polymorphism might play a role in breast carcinoma risk determination.KEYWORDS: breast cancer, ERα, rs3798577, polymorphism, immunoexpression
Controlled Release of Encapsuled Stromal-Derived Factor 1α Improves Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Migration

Stem cell treatment is a promising method of therapy for the group of patients whose conventional options for treatment have been limited or rejected. Stem cells have the potential to repair, replace, restore and regenerate cells. Moreover, their proliferation level is high. Owing to these features, they can be used in the treatment of numerous diseases, such as cancer, lung diseases or ischemic heart diseases. In recent years, stem cell therapy has greatly developed, shedding light on stromal-derived factor 1α (SDF-1α). SDF-1α is a mobilizing chemokine for application of endogenous stem cells to injury sites. Unfortunately, SDF-1α presented short-term results in stem cell treatment trials. Considering the tremendous benefits of this therapy, we developed biodegradable polymeric microspheres for the release of SDF-1α in a controlled and long-lasting manner. The microspheres were designed from poly(L-lactide/glycolide/trimethylene carbonate) (PLA/GA/TMC). The effect of controlled release of SDF-1α from microspheres was investigated on the migration level of bone marrow Mesenchymal Stromal Cells (bmMSCs) derived from a pig. The study showed that SDF-1α, released from the microspheres, is more efficient at attracting bmMSCs than SDF-1α alone. This may enable the controlled delivery of selected and labeled MSCs to the destination in the future.
Mass loss in red giants and supergiants

The circumstellar envelopes surrounding 13 late-type giants and supergiants have been studied using a homogeneous collection of high-resolution photoelectric scans of strong optical resonance lines. A method for separating the circumstellar from the stellar components of the lines allows a quantitative determination of the physical conditions in the envelopes and of the rates of mass loss at various positions in the red-giant region of the H-R diagram.The strengthening of the circumstellar spectrum with increasing luminosity and later spectral type is probably caused by an increase in the mass of the envelopes and not by decreased ionization of the metals. The mass loss rate for individual stars is proportional to the visual luminosity and is correlated with the intensity of the chromospheric emission in the Ca II K line. The bulk of the mass return to the interstellar medium in the red-giant region comes from the normal giants, with a rate comparable to that of the planetary nebulae. There may be evidence in the line profiles that the envelopes are spatially and kinematically complex. (AIP)
Contested bodies and delayed decisions: Attitudes to COVID-19 vaccines among Jamaicans

El coronavirus de 2019 (covid-19) ha venido acompañado de numerosos factores que han afectado negativamente a los pequeños Estados insulares en desarrollo (PEID). A pesar de varias campañas de vacunación contra el covid-19 y del número de personas que han sufrido o han muerto por haber contraído el virus, muchos jamaicanos han retrasado su vacunación. Este estudio investiga los factores detrás de las actitudes de los jamaicanos hacia las vacunas contra el covid-19. Sus conclusiones se basan en el análisis del contenido de los periódicos jamaicanos (N = 200), incluyendo columnas, editoriales y noticias publicadas en las ediciones en línea de dos de las principales publicaciones del país (The Jamaica Gleaner y Jamaica Observer). El estudio concluye que son varios los factores que determinan la actitud de los jamaicanos hacia las vacunas covid-19, entre ellos se encuentran sus posibles efectos secundarios, la elección personal, la percepción de la pandemia, el insuficiente conocimiento sobre la eficacia de las vacunas, las creencias religiosas y la desconfianza en el gobierno jamaicano y las autoridades sanitarias. El estudio subraya que para los PEID, como Jamaica, que se caracterizan por tener economías frágiles y sistemas de atención sanitaria pública deficientes, la indecisión sobre las vacunas es un obstáculo potencial para superar algunos de los retos relacionados con la pandemia actual. El estudio señala la necesidad crítica de mejorar la aceptación de la vacuna covid-19 entre los jamaicanos. La comprensión de las especificidades relativas a la indecisión en la vacunación permitirá al gobierno jamaicano y a los proveedores de atención sanitaria organizar mejor las campañas de sensibilización pública para abordar las preocupaciones de los no vacunados en Jamaica.
Influence factors for the temperature characteristics of piezoelectric properties

Abstract The temperature coefficient of resonance frequency (TCF) of the piezoelectric Pb[(ZrxTi1−x)0.95(Mn1/3Nb2/3)0.05]O3 ceramics is investigated by ways of the Zr/Ti ratio, additive, sintering and poling temperatures. The morphotropic phase boundary (MPB) locates at x value near 0.51. where the planar electromechanical coupling factor (Kp) reaches a maximum with TCF value of approximately 0 ppm/°C. The ceramic composition exhibiting TCF value of 0 ppm/°C is changed with processing conditions and can be explained by the shift of the MPB compositions or the phase change.
The Moderating Role of Passion for Service in The Hospitality Industry: Burnout Model

The objective of this research was to study the moderating effect of passion for service toward the relationship between burnout and intention to leave among the frontline employees who work in a hotel chains in Bangkok, the targeted population includes 63 hotel-chains in Bangkok, and 554 frontline employees contained suitable data and the moderated multiple regression analysis. The result indicates that passion for service performed the role to reduce the impact of emotional exhaustion and depersonalization on the intention to leave significantly. Based on these finding, the suggestion can be made that the recruiting and retaining the passionate frontline employees who have a passion to work, especially passion to provide service to customers need to be considered as the important factor to reduce the intention to leave which can eventually lead to reduce turnover rate.
Gender Differences in Defending Behavior among Elementary School Students Trained in a Bullying Bystander Program: Is Self-Esteem a Moderator?

Abstract This study evaluated the relationship among use defending behaviors, gender, and self-esteem among students trained in a brief, bystander bullying intervention (N = 93). Students were taught four specific strategies to use to defend targets of bullying. We used hierarchical regression analyses to test a moderator model in which we hypothesized females would report using defending behaviors more frequently than males post-training and that baseline self-esteem would moderate this relationship. Findings partially supported our hypotheses. Specifically, for “Turning it Over” (i.e., reporting bullying to an adult) and “Coaching Compassion” (i.e., gently confronting the perpetrator to communicate their behavior is not acceptable), the gender x self-esteem interaction was significant, suggesting that females with high self-esteem were most likely to use these defending behaviors post-training. In contrast, for “Stealing the Show” (i.e., using their sense of humor to distract the peer audience’s attention away from the target), high self-esteem was positively associated with frequency of using this defending behavior for both males and females. For “Accompanying Others” (i.e., reaching out to the target to offer support), females used this strategy more frequently than males, and self-esteem was not a significant moderator. Findings highlight the importance of gender and self-esteem as significant factors that influence whether or not bystanders defend targets of bullying post-training. Implications for bystander training in school-based bullying prevention programs are discussed.