Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Multitude of Answers: Embedded Questions in Typed Inquisitive Semantics

This thesis develops a semantic account of question embedding. The compositional framework in which this account is formulated is based on inquisitive semantics: it is shown how the inquisitive conception of sentence meaning can be implemented on a type-theoretical level. The resulting framework is motivated on technical and conceptual grounds. The empirical picture of question embedding is explored, and the different readings exhibited by embedded questions are organised along a set of interpretive features. This determines the desiderata for the subsequent formal implementation. A grammar fragment is devised, which can capture the semantics of interrogative and declarative clauses embedded under responsive verbs: interrogative-embedding and declarative-embedding uses of responsive verbs receive a uniform treatment. The proposed account allows to express several different readings of sentences with embedded questions, deriving the differences between those readings from the interplay between the embedding predicates and various elements in the semantics of the embedded clauses.
What Do Teachers Know About Fractions

This paper reports on the development and initial trialling of a tool to assess teacher knowledge of the teaching of fractions. Results showed that a pen-and-paper assessment focusing on teachers’ pedagogical content knowledge can be both effi cient and effective in differentiating between teachers. In general, teachers scored more highly on questions requiring a response based on their content knowledge than on questions where responses required them to describe the key ideas involved or the actions they would take with a student. Questions that caused teachers diffi culty involved the addition of fractions, division with fractions, and proportional reasoning, with approximately one-third of teachers’ responses indicating a lack of conceptual understanding in each of these areas. These results suggest that the knowledge of teachers may be a factor limiting student achievement, particularly in the proportions and ratios domain of the Number Framework. Further work is required to establish a link between teachers’ scores in the assessment and student achievement data. If the validity of the assessment tool can be established in this way, its use to tailor teachers’ professional learning may be signifi cant.
Importance of turbulent diffusion in transverse mixing in rivers

ABSTRACT An expression for the transverse mixing coefficient in a rectangular channel is derived to evaluate the importance of transverse turbulent diffusion. Although some formulas for the transverse mixing coefficient account for both turbulent diffusion and shear dispersion, most calculations of the transverse dispersion coefficient do not include the effect of transverse turbulent diffusion on shear dispersion. Both vertical and transverse turbulent diffusion contribute appreciably to transverse shear dispersion, and the direct contribution of transverse turbulent diffusion to transverse mixing is important for a range of conditions commonly observed in natural channels. A comparison of predicted and measured transverse mixing coefficients supports including turbulent diffusion in analyses of transverse mixing – both in its effect on shear dispersion and as a direct mechanism of transport.
Prognostic impact of postoperative neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio on survival outcomes of patients treated with radical nephroureterectomy for upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma: a single institution retrospective analysis using propensity score matching

Purpose: To investigate the prognostic impact of postoperative neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) on survival outcomes in upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC). Materials and methods: Data from 397 patients with UTUC who underwent radical nephroureterectomy (RNU) without a history of neoadjuvant chemotherapy between 2002 and 2017 were retrospectively analyzed. Based on a postoperative NLR cut-off of 3, patients were divided into low NLR (<3) or high NLR (≥ 3) groups. After 2:1 propensity score matching, a Kaplan-Meier with log-rank test was used to compare survival outcomes between the two groups. Univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazard models were used to investigate the impact of the postoperative NLR on survival outcomes. Results: The matched cohort (n=176) consisted of 116 low NLR and 60 high NLR patients. The Kaplan-Meier curves showed significant differences in the 3- and 5-year overall and cancer-specific survival rates between the two groups (each p = 0.03). Multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed that a postoperative high NLR was an independent predictor of worse overall survival (hazard ratio [HR]:2.13; 95% confidence interval [CI]:1.18-3.85, p = 0.012) and cancer-specific survival (HR:2.16; 95% CI 1.11-4.21, p = 0.024). Conclusions: Propensity score matching analysis revealed postoperative high NLR can be considered a potential inflammatory biomarker for predicting survival outcomes of UTUC patients treated with RNU.
Determinants Affecting Taxpayer Compliance

This research is entitled "Determinants Affecting Taxpayer Compliance" (taxpayer survey KPP Pratama Jambi Telanaipura). The purpose of this study is to reveal that fiscus services, taxpayer awareness and tax sanctions affect taxpayer compliance. This research was conducted on individual taxpayers who are registered at Tax Office Pratama Jambi Telanaipura. The data source is primary data obtained from distributing questionnaires. Sampling using the Cohen perspective, there were 130 respondents in this study. Methods of data analysis using the structural equation modeling (SEM) model with the partial least squares (PLS) approach to the research results of fiscus services show that taxpayer awareness has a significant positive effect on taxpayer compliance at KPP Pratama Jambi Telanaipura, while tax sanctions have no effect on taxpayer compliance at the KPP Pratama Jambi Telanaipura.
Tuning the response of non-allowed Raman modes in GaAs nanowires

We report on the use of photonic resonances in Raman spectroscopy on single nanowires for the enhancement of forbidden modes and the study of the interaction of phonons with free-carriers. This is achieved by suspending nanowire over a trench and detecting Raman scattered light with light polarized along the radial direction. Thanks to the photonic nature of the light–nanowire interaction, light polarization inside the nanowire is modified. This results in the excitation of LO modes, forbidden on {1 1 0} surfaces. We apply this new configuration to the measurement of carrier concentration on doped GaAs nanowires. These results open new perspectives for the study of the interaction of free-carriers or plasmons with optical phonons in nanostructures.
Pembelajaran Berdiferensiasi dalam Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Fisika Murid kelas X-A SMAN 3 Pandeglang pada Materi Energi Terbarukan

This research is motivated by the importance of learning methods to improve physics learning outcomes in renewable energy materials. The research was carried out using the classroom action research method. This class action research was planned in three cycles. Each cycle is carried out through two face-to-face sessions in class learning, including tests to find out student learning outcomes. The subjects of this study were students in class X-A Semester 1 of SMA Negeri 3 Pandeglang for the 2022-2023 academic year, which consisted of 36 students. The instrument used in this research is test questions. Based on the results of the preliminary study, the results of studying Physics on renewable energy material averaged 78.75 (Beginning to Develop), with the lowest score being 68.00 and the highest being 88.50. The learning outcomes of the first cycle are known that the highest value = 90.00 and the lowest value is 74.50, while the average value is 81.08 (already developed). The learning outcomes of the second cycle are known that the highest value = 93.00 and the lowest value is 77.5 while the average value is 84.89 (already developed). The results showed that the application of the differentiated learning method could improve the physics learning outcomes of class X-A students at SMA Negeri 3 Pandeglang. The application of different learning methods can increase interest and response in the physics learning process in class X-A SMA Negeri 3 Pandeglang.
Non-Covalent Bonding of Green Synthesized Copper Nanoparticles to Enhance Physicochemical Behavior of Sulfur-Dyed Cotton Fabric

Cotton fabric samples were treated with copper acetate mordant, in addition to green synthesized copper nanoparticles extracted from the Conocarpus erectus leaves, with two different concentrations of 10% and 20%, respectively. Two dyeing techniques, continuous dyeing and exhaust dyeing, were employed. X-ray diffraction confirmed the synthesis of copper nanoparticles with an approximate size of 30 nm. Scanning electron microscopy showed copper nanocrystals with a size range of 30–70 nm. The tensile strength showed an approximately 60% rise in the warp direction and an approximately 20% rise in the weft direction for both continuous and exhaust dyeing techniques. The color strength (ratio of absorption co-efficient (K) and scattering coefficient (S); K/S) showed an improvement of 100% and 20% for the exhaust and continuous dyeing techniques, respectively. Both the dyeing techniques showed a rising trend in color fastness to wash and color fastness to rubbing with an increment up to grade 5. The light fastness showed an improvement up to grade 6 for both the techniques. Fastness to rubbing showed an increment from 1 to 5 for both techniques.
Studies of Universality in Strongly Interacting 6 Li Fermi Gases with

Universal relations for dilute, strongly interacting Fermi systems can be studied in ultracold fermionic Li quantum gases using Bragg spectroscopy. Standard techniques of laser trapping and cooling of atoms are applied to evaporate fermionic gases below the critical temperature for superfluidity, TC . The atoms are prepared to equally populate the lowest two spin states and the interaction between atoms of opposite spin is precisely tunable via a Feshbach resonance. A unitary Fermi gas represents a special case where the interactions are categorised as strong, that is, the range of interaction exceeds the range of the interatomic potential. Elastic collisions in the gas become unitarity limited and independent of details of the atomic properties. This universality is a property of unitary Fermi gases and the universal relations adequately describe the thermodynamic behaviour of these gases. The universal contact parameter is a central quantity that encapsulates the microscopic details of the system and varies with the temperature and interaction strength. The principal topic of this thesis is the use of Bragg spectroscopy as a tool to measure the universal contact in trapped Fermi gases. The contact parameter quantifies the short-range pair correlation function according to a universal law. Inelastic Bragg scattering of photons allows one to measure the static structure factor, which is by definition the Fourier transform of the pair correlation function. Due to this well defined relation between the contact and Bragg spectra, the universal relation for the static structure factor is experimentally verified for a range of transferred momenta, k/kF = 3.5 − 9.1, in agreement with the theoretical predictions. The contact in the zero-temperature limit at different interaction strengths as well as in the unitarity limit at different temperatures agrees well with the calculations. The contact at unitarity decreases monotonically for T/TF = 0 − 1 but has a non-zero value well above the critical temperature TC ≈ 0.2 TF . The contact parameter may offer new insights into criticality or complex superfluid pairing mechanisms such as pseudogap-pairing.
Rapidly-Progressing Pyomyositis After Chest Contusion in a Patient With Well-Controlled Diabetes Mellitus

Pyomyositis is an uncommon acute bacterial infection of the skeletal muscle. It is sometimes referred to as “tropical pyomyositis” because it has been primarily reported as an endemic disease in tropical regions. In temperate climates, it is mainly diagnosed in immunocompromised persons, such as those with human immunodeficiency virus infection, malignancy, diabetes, and various other medical conditions. Early diagnosis and appropriate antimicrobial therapy for pyomyositis are important, however, it is often missed in its early stage. Herein, we report the case of a patient with obesity and well-controlled diabetes in whom rapid onset pyomyositis developed in only 2 days after chest contusion and induced bacteremia in its early stage. He was successfully treated by antimicrobials without any drainage or surgical intervention. Even in patients with well-controlled diabetes or in healthy persons, pyomyositis should be considered for patients who present with fever and muscle swelling and pain, especially when they have obesity and a history of blunt trauma. It should also be noted that pyomyositis, mimicking muscle contusion or hematoma can appear very early after blunt muscle trauma. Prompt diagnosis and antimicrobial treatment for pyomyositis can lead to a favorable outcome, without surgical drainage.
Oil Company Investment in Offshore Windfarms: A Business Case

European petroleum majors have moved into offshore windfarm projects, with large investments and ambitious capacity and production targets. In aggressive bidding for Contracts for Difference in the UK, where oil companies have played a key part, we have seen the inflation-adjusted strike price fall 65% from 2015 to 2019. Researchers question whether LCOE will fall to the same extent and would like to see more research on the economic return of the companies making offshore wind investment. We address this by a transparent project economics analysis of the UK bottom-fixed Dogger Bank project. It is the largest offshore windfarm project in the world under development and the UK is the country with highest offshore wind capacity. The project is owned by Equinor, SSE Renewables and ENI. Our analysis shows that the project is expected to be unprofitable. Several of the input variables, however, are subject to considerable estimation uncertainty. We also present a low case and a high case scenario. Decomposition of the high case reveals factors that can contribute to a profitable wind power industry. We discuss financial issues facing oil company investment portfolios combining low return/low risk renewables and high return/high risk petroleum. Offshore windfarms are organised as special purpose vehicle (SPV) companies. We analyse the economic interactions between the SPVs and the oil companies, and address accounting and financial issues.
Men’s Self-Reported and Psychophysiological Affective Responses to Sexual Violence and Their Associations with Rape Myths, Personality, and Sexual Traits: A Preliminary Study

Abstract Objective: Despite alarming evidence on sexual violence against women, little is known about men’s emotional responses to rape and how these may be involved in sexual violence dynamics. Accordingly, our aim was to capture how rape scenarios are emotionally appraised. Methods: The current study evaluated men’s (N = 30) self-reported and psychophysiological emotional responses (facial EMG, electrodermal activity) to a rape scene, and contrasted it with their responses to stimuli depicting nonsexual violence and nonviolent male-female interactions. The associations between men’s emotional responses and their endorsement of rape myths, personality, and sexual traits were also examined. Results: Findings revealed that the rape scene resulted in higher negative affect, both subjectively and indexed by increased facial EMG (corrugator activity), than the other two stimuli. Additionally, personality traits of neuroticism, lower agreeableness, lower consciousness, psychopathic tendencies, as well as lower sexual inhibition proneness, were all associated with higher subjective sexual arousal toward rape. Conclusions: Findings add to the literature on the putative emotional processes underpinning the appraisal of sexual violence against women.
Mean Wind Evolution through the Quasi-Biennial Cycle in the Tropical Lower Stratosphere

Abstract A study of the zonal wind quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO) between 1972 and 1981 and at the 50 and 30 mb levels was performed using a total of over 5000 monthly mean observations from 79 stations between 20°S and 20°N. At each level and for each month a continuous representation of the zonally averaged zonal wind as a function of latitude, ū(θ), was constructed using a simple interpolation procedure. The evolution of ū through the QBO cycle was then examined. A noteworthy feature wen in each cycle was a strong concentration of westerly acceleration within a few degrees of the equator at the initial onset of the transition away from the extreme easterly phase. Arguments are presented which show that these westerly accelerations are much narrower than those that would be produced by the direct absorption of a vertically propagating Kelvin wave (at least if the wave satisfies the usual WKB scaling). It is suggested that the initial westerly mean wind acceleration in the QBO may be produced in part b.
Improved Abel Inversion Method for Analysis of Spectral and Photo-Optical Data of Magnetic Influenced Plasma Flows

This paper presents the derivation of an alternative method called spline method to perform inverse Abel transformation of measured data sets. At first the general approach of Abel transformation is shown. The following section shows the principle of operation of the existing methods. Then the new spline method is derived, which is a combination of the known Fourier method and f-Interpolation method with polynomials with an analytical solution of the forward Abel transform. All methods are tested on three test cases: an off centered Gaussian function, a cubic function and photo-optical data of a plasma flow in front of a spherical probe head. The results of the different methods are compared, limitations are shown and their advantages are pointed out. The new method is advantageous for noisy data and due to its spline based approach no assumptions about the local distribution are needed.
Genetic programming for granular compactness modelling

The prediction of granular mixtures compactness is a recurring question common to many technical and scientific domains. Knowing the theoretical difficulties to predict the ideal solution, the general approach consists in seeking via an experimental approach, which is based on ideal grains distribution curves, an optimal mixtures. In this context, and faced to the empiricism of current approaches, several models have been developed. These models allow predicting granular mixture compactness to some extent. The compressible packing model which is an improved version of the solid suspension model based on the linear model of compactness is one of predictive models allowing the estimation of compactness on the basis of components characteristics and the compaction mode. However, this model in its initial form loses its predictive power because its use requires the measurement of some parameters based on the derivative of experimental curves. In this context, this study aims to present a model which allows predicting the granular mixtures compactness using the intrinsic parameters of components, easily accessible to experiment. The model is issued from the application of the genetic programming (GP) approach. This work presents a double interest: proposing a predictive model of granular mixture compactness with a new approach and demonstrating the GP reliability as a revolutionary tool which forms part of the machine learning algorithms, in complex phenomena modelling.
Lidar Investigation of the Temporal and Spatial Distribution of Atmospheric Aerosols in Mountain Valleys

Lidar experiments were conducted in the mountainous region of Bulgaria to determine the spatial and temporal distribution of major aerosol sources and the zones of aerosol accumulation. When these lidar data are combined with conventional meteorological observations of temperature and wind profiles they provide a clear picture of the physical processes that lead to the accumulation and subsequent dispersion of aerosols and other pollutants in the valleys. The observations showed that the valley gradually fills with cool air after sunset, producing an inversion that traps aerosols and other pollutants emitted at night. After sunrise a convective boundary layer develops in the valley; its evolution is delayed by the confining valley walls. Insolation causes airflow up the slope, producing divergence near the surface and subsidence of the inversion core. The one winter experiment conducted suggests that weaker winter insolation delays the process until much later than in the summer, sometimes to the extent that the inversion persists throughout the day, or even for several days. The findings described here are in good agreement, qualitatively and quantitatively, with the model described by Whiteman and McKee. The results also demonstrate the power of combining conventional meteorological observations with lidar techniques for determining the nature of boundary layer processes in a valley.
Construct Meaning in Multilevel Settings

We present types of constructs, individual- and cluster-level, and their confirmatory factor analytic validation models when data are from individuals nested within clusters. When a construct is theoretically individual level, spurious construct-irrelevant dependency in the data may appear to signal cluster-level dependency; in such cases, however, and consistent with theory, a single-level analysis with a correction for dependency may be appropriate. Regarding cluster-level constructs, we discuss two types—shared and configural—and present appropriate validation models. Illustrative validation analyses with individual, shared, and configural constructs are provided using empirical data as well as simple simulations demonstrating the spurious effects that can occur with nested data. The article concludes with future directions to be examined in construct validation in multilevel settings.