Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Young and Older Adults' Gender Stereotype in Multitasking

In the present study, we investigated discrepancies between two components of stereotyping by means of the popular notion that women are better at multitasking behaviors: the cognitive structure in individuals (personal belief) and the perceived consensus regarding certain beliefs (perceived belief of groups). With focus on this notion, we examined whether there was empirical evidence for the stereotype's existence and whether and how it was shared among different age groups. Data were collected from 241 young (n = 129) and older (n = 112) German individuals. The reported perceptions of gender effects at multitasking were substantial and thus demonstrated the existence of its stereotype. Importantly, in young and older adults, this stereotype existed in the perception of attributed characteristics by members of a collective (perceived belief of groups). When contrasting this perceived belief of groups and the personal belief, older adults showed a similar level of conformation of the gender stereotype while young adults were able to differentiate between these perspectives. Thus, young adults showed a discrepancy between the stereotype's components cognitive structure in individuals and perceived consensus regarding certain beliefs.
Stomach cancer incidence rates among Americans, Asian Americans and Native Asians from 1988 to 2011

Stomach cancer is the second most common cancer in Eastern Asia, accounting for approximately 50% of all new cases of stomach cancer worldwide. Our objective was to compare the stomach cancer incidence rates of Asian Americans in Los Angeles with those of native Asians to assess the etiology of stomach cancer from 1988 to 2011. To examine these differences, Asian Americans (Korean, Japanese, Chinese, and Filipino Americans living in Los Angeles, California, USA) and native Asians (from Korea, Japan, China, and the Philippines) were selected for this study. Using the Cancer Incidence in Five Continents database, stomach cancer incidence rates were examined. Data from the National Cancer Registry of Korea were used for native Koreans. Between native countries, the incidence rates in Japan, China, the Philippines, and the US declined over time, but the incidence in Korea has remained constant. The incidences among Asian immigrants were lower than those among native Asians. The incidence rates of males were approximately 2 times higher than those among females in Asian countries were. The effect of immigration on stomach cancer incidence suggests that lifestyle factors are a significant determinant of stomach cancer risk. However, the incidence in Korea remains the highest of these countries
Uric acid , metabolic risk factors , and chronic kidney disease : Clinical investigation in a female elderly fishing and agricultural population in Taipei , Taiwan Running title : chronic kidney disease in the elderly population

1.School of Medicine, Tzu-Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan 2.Department of Family Medicine, Linkou Chang-Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang-Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan 3.New Taipei City Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan 4.Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan 5.Department of Healthcare Management, Yuanpei University, Hsinchu, Taiw an, 6.Oriental Institute of Technology, Taipei, Taiwan 7.NHI Dispute Mediation Committee, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taipei, Ta iwan 8.Institute of Health and Welfare Policy, National Yang-Ming Universit y, Taipei, Taiwan 9. Department of Nursing, Kang-Ning Junior College of Medical Care and Management, Taipei , Taiwan 10. Faculty of Public Health, School of Medicine, Fu-Jen Catholic University, Taipei , Taiwan 11.Department of Medical Research and Education, Cheng-Hsin General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan Ya-Ting Liang: aliceyating@hotmail.com Jau-Yuan Chen: spondyo.tw@yahoo.com. tw Hsi-Che Shen: shenjeff@hotmail.com Yi-Chun Hu: fox.witch@msa.hinet. net Yu-Fen Chen: b08642005@yahoo.com. tw
Adaptive Simulation of Large-Scale Ocean Surface

Physically-driven methods of simulating fluid dynamics and frequencybased ocean surface synthesis methods are of long-standing interest for the field of computer graphics. However, they have been historically used separately or without any interaction between them. This thesis focuses on the possibility of combining the approaches into one adaptive solution by proposing methods for unified surface representation, method result blending and one-way interaction between the methods. The thesis also outlines several future developments of the combined method and proposes a level-of-detail approach taking advantage of hardware tessellation that can be used regardless of what method was used for the simulation.
Correcting pose estimation with implicit occlusion detection and rectification

Recently, articulated pose estimation methods based on the pictorial structure framework have received much attention in computer vision. However, the performance of these approaches has been limited due to the presence of self-occlusion. This paper deals with the problem of handling self-occlusion in the pictorial structure framework. We propose an exemplar-based framework for implicit occlusion detection and rectification. Our framework can be applied as a general post-processing plug-in following any pose estimation approach to rectify errors due to self-occlusion and to improve the accuracy. The proposed framework outperforms a state-of-the-art pictorial structure approach for human pose estimation on the HumanEva dataset.
Probing static disorder in Arrhenius kinetics by single-molecule force spectroscopy

The widely used Arrhenius equation describes the kinetics of simple two-state reactions, with the implicit assumption of a single transition state with a well-defined activation energy barrier ΔE, as the rate-limiting step. However, it has become increasingly clear that the saddle point of the free-energy surface in most reactions is populated by ensembles of conformations, leading to nonexponential kinetics. Here we present a theory that generalizes the Arrhenius equation to include static disorder of conformational degrees of freedom as a function of an external perturbation to fully account for a diverse set of transition states. The effect of a perturbation on static disorder is best examined at the single-molecule level. Here we use force-clamp spectroscopy to study the nonexponential kinetics of single ubiquitin proteins unfolding under force. We find that the measured variance in ΔE shows both force-dependent and independent components, where the force-dependent component scales with F2, in excellent agreement with our theory. Our study illustrates a novel adaptation of the classical Arrhenius equation that accounts for the microscopic origins of nonexponential kinetics, which are essential in understanding the rapidly growing body of single-molecule data.
How GPUs Work

GPUs have moved away from the traditional fixed-function 3D graphics pipeline toward a flexible general-purpose computational engine. Today, GPUs can implement many parallel algorithms directly using graphics hardware. Well-suited algorithms that leverage all the underlying computational horsepower often achieve tremendous speedups. Truly, the GPU is the first widely deployed commodity desktop parallel computer
Transglycosylation by Chitinase D from Serratia proteamaculans Improved through Altered Substrate Interactions

Background: SpChiD, a family 18 glycosyl hydrolase, transglycosylates chitooligosaccharides. Results: Transglycosylation of SpChiD was improved in terms of the quantity of TG products produced and the extended duration of TG. Conclusion: The new findings unravel possibilities of modulating chitinases for improved transglycosylation. Significance: Variants of SpChiD can be used to develop a bio-process for large scale production of longer chain chitooligosaccharides. We describe the improvement of transglycosylation (TG) by chitinase D from Serratia proteamaculans (SpChiD). The SpChiD produced a smaller quantity of TG products for up to 90 min with 2 mm chitotetraose as the substrate and subsequently produced only hydrolytic products. Of the five residues targeted at the catalytic center, E159D resulted in substantial loss of both hydrolytic and TG activities. Y160A resulted in a product profile similar to SpChiD and a rapid turnover of substrate with slightly increased TG activity. The rest of the three mutants, M226A, Y228A, and R284A, displayed improved TG and decreased hydrolytic ability. Four of the five amino acid substitutions, F64W, F125A, G119S, and S116G, at the catalytic groove increased TG activity, whereas W120A completely lost the TG activity with a concomitant increase in hydrolysis. Mutation of Trp-247 at the solvent-accessible region significantly reduced the hydrolytic activity with increased TG activity. The mutants M226A, Y228A, F125A, S116G, F64W, G119S, R284A, and W247A accumulated approximately double the concentration of TG products like chitopentaose and chitohexaose, compared with SpChiD. The double mutant E159D/F64W regained the activity with accumulation of 6.0% chitopentaose at 6 h, similar to SpChiD at 30 min. Loss of chitobiase activity was unique to Y228A. Substitution of amino acids at the catalytic center and/or groove substantially improved the TG activity of SpChiD, both in terms of the quantity of TG products produced and the extended duration of TG activity.
Graph Property Preservation under Community-Based Sampling

With the explosion of graph scale of social networks, it becomes increasingly impractical to study the original large graph directly. Being able to derive a representative sample of the original graph, graph sampling provides an efficient solution for social network analysis. We expect this sample could preserve some important graph properties and represent the original graph well. If one algorithm relies on the preserved properties, we can expect that it gives similar output on the original graph and the sampled graph. This leads to a systematic way to accelerate a class of graph algorithms. Our work is based on the idea of stratified sampling [14], a widely used technique in statistics. We propose a heuristic approach to achieve efficient graph sampling based on community structure of social networks. With the aid of ground-truth of communities available in social networks, we find out that sampling from communities preserves community- related graph properties very well. The experimental results show that our framework improves the performance of traditional graph sampling algorithms and therefore, is an effective method of graph sampling.
Speaker adaptation of language models for automatic dialog act segmentation of meetings

Abstract : Abstract Dialog act (DA) segmentation in meeting speech is important for meeting understanding. In this paper, we explore speaker adaptation of hidden event language models (LMs) for DA segmentation using the ICSI Meeting Corpus. Speaker adaptation is performed using a linear combination of the generic speaker independent LM and an LM trained on only the data from individual speakers. We test the method on 20 frequent speakers, on both reference word transcripts and the output of automatic speech recognition. Results indicate improvements for 17 speakers on reference transcripts, and for 15 speakers on automatic transcripts. Overall, the speaker-adapted LM yields statistically significant improvement over the baseline LM for both test conditions.
Optimal control of multi-vehicle-systems under communication constraints using mixed-integer linear programming

A new planning method for optimal cooperative control of heterogeneous multi-vehicle systems is investigated which enables to account for each vehicle's nonlinear physical motion dynamics in a structured environment as well as for connectivity constraints of wireless communication. A general formulation as nonlinear hybrid optimal control problem (HOCP) is presented. A transformation technique is proposed to reduce the large computational efforts for solving HOCPs towards a future online application of this approach. Hereby the general problem is transcribed to a linearized mixed-integer linear programming problem (MILP) which can be solved much more efficiently. The proposed approach is successfully applied to the numerical solution of a representative, cooperative monitoring problem involving heterogeneous vehicles and conditions.
Static determination of dynamic properties of generalized type unions

The classical programming languages such as PASCAL or ALGOL 68 do not provide full data type security. Run-time errors are not precluded on basic operations. Type safety necessitates a refinement of the data type notion which allows subtypes. The compiler must also be able to ensure that basic operations are applicable. This verification consists in determining a local subtype of globally declared variables or constants. This may be achieved by improved compiler capabilities to analyze the program properties or by language constructs which permit the expression of these properties. Both approaches are discussed and illustrated by the problems of access to records via pointers, access to variants of record structures, determination of disjoint collections of linked records, and determination of integer subrange. Both approaches are complementary and a balance must be found between what must be specified by the programmer and what must be discovered by the compiler.
A Robust Approach for Matching Mixed Casesensitive and Case-insensitive Patterns

As one of the key methods as well as a bottleneck for Network Intrusion Detection Systems (NIDSes) to detect and eliminate malicious traffic, pattern matching is increasingly gaining popularity while also faces threats from hackers' overloading attempts. The support of mixed case-sensitive and case-insensitive patterns, which is essential for NIDSes to detect possible attacks targeting different applications and operating systems, is currently a potential vulnerability since the widely used Convert-Search-Verify (CSV) approach encounters severe performance degradation in the worst-case scenarios. This paper firstly gives a thorough analysis on the reasons causing jams in the worst case, and then boosts up the performance by leveraging a novel mechanism named Convert-Search-incrementally-Verify (CSiV). CSiV differs from CSV in that it first merges possible case-sensitive matches to suspicious segments in the "Search" phase, and then leverages an Aho-Corasick like algorithm to verify them. The infeasibility of the simple Double Search (DS) approach is also explained by analyzing its low average-case throughput. Extensive experiments based on real pattern sets along with both collected and artificial traffic traces show that, the performance of the proposed approach outperforms the DS approach by a factor of 2 in the ordinary cases, and is better than the CSV approach up to 5 times under the worst-case scenario, indicating both its feasibility and robustness for a worst-case safe NIDS.
Lab-based action design research

This paper proposes a research methodology, Lab-based Action Design Research, which combines organizational intervention (action research), building innovative artifacts (engineering research) and studies of software development practice (behavioral research) within a laboratory environment. Seven principles for successful Lab-based Action Design Research are proposed – attract funding with a win-win scenario; select inspiring projects; conduct simultaneous studies; mix methods; use longitudinal, quasi-experimental designs; use enterprise-level technical infrastructure; use established project management infrastructure. Initial evaluation indicates that the proposed approach is practical and may produce improvements in internal validity and theoretical generalizability.
The design and implementation of INGRES

The currently operational (March 1976) version of the INGRES database management system is described. This multiuser system gives a relational view of data, supports two high level nonprocedural data sublanguages, and runs as a collection of user processes on top of the UNIX operating system for Digital Equipment Corporation PDP 11/40, 11/45, and 11/70 computers. Emphasis is on the design decisions and tradeoffs related to (1) structuring the system into processes, (2) embedding one command language in a general purpose programming language, (3) the algorithms implemented to process interactions, (4) the access methods implemented, (5) the concurrency and recovery control currently provided, and (6) the data structures used for system catalogs and the role of the database administrator. Also discussed are (1) support for integrity constraints (which is only partly operational), (2) the not yet supported features concerning views and protection, and (3) future plans concerning the system.
An energy-efficient memory-based high-throughput VLSI architecture for convolutional networks

In this paper, an energy efficient, memory-intensive, and high throughput VLSI architecture is proposed for convolutional networks (C-Net) by employing compute memory (CM) [1], where computation is deeply embedded into the memory (SRAM). Behavioral models incorporating CM's circuit non-idealities and energy models in 45nm SOI CMOS are presented. System-level simulations using these models demonstrate that the probability of handwritten digit recognition Pr > 0.99 can be achieved using the MNIST database [2], along with a 24.5× reduced energy delay product, a 5.0× reduced energy, and a 4.9× higher throughput as compared to the conventional system.
ReviewModels for the Rise of the Dinosaurs

Dinosaurs arose in the early Triassic in the aftermath of the greatest mass extinction ever and became hugely successful in the Mesozoic. Their initial diversification is a classicexampleofa large-scalemacroevolutionarychange. Diversifications at such deep-time scales can now be dissected, modelled and tested. New fossils suggest that dinosaurs originated early in the Middle Triassic, during the recovery of life from the devastating Permo-Triassic mass extinction. Improvements in stratigraphic dating and a new suite of morphometric and comparative evolutionary numerical methods now allow a forensic dissection of one of the greatest turnovers in the history of life. Such studies mark a move from the narrative to the analytical in macroevolutionary research, and they allow us to begin to answer the proposal of George Gaylord Simpson, to explore adaptive radiations using numerical methods.
WORKING THE NIGHT SHIFT CAUSES INCREASED VASCULAR STRESS AND DELAYED RECOVERY IN YOUNG WOMEN

Shiftwork has been associated with elevated blood pressure (BP) and decreased heart-rate variability (HRV), factors that may increase the long-term risk of cardiovascular-related mortality and morbidity. This study explored the effect of shiftwork on dynamic changes in autonomic control of HRV (cardiac stress), systolic BP and diastolic BP, i.e., SBP and DBP (vascular stress), and recovery in the same subjects working different shifts. By studying the same subjects, the authors could reduce the effect of possible contribution of between-subject variation from genetic predisposition and environmental factors. The authors recruited 16 young female nurses working rotating shifts—day (08:00–16:00 h), evening (16:00–00:00 h), and night (00:00–08:00 h)—and 6 others working the regular day shift. Each nurse received simultaneous and repeated 48-h ambulatory electrocardiography and BP monitoring during their work day and the following off-duty day. Using a linear mixed-effect model to adjust for day shift, the results of the repeated-measurements and self-comparisons found significant shift differences in vascular stress. While working the night shift, the nurses showed significant increases in vascular stress, with increased SBP of 9.7 mm Hg. The changes of SBP and DBP seemed to peak during waking time at the same time on the day off as they did on the working day. Whereas HRV profiles usually returned to baseline level after each shift, the SBP and DBP of night-shift workers did not completely return to baseline levels the following off-duty day (p < .001). The authors concluded that although the nurses may recover from cardiac stress the first day off following a night shift, they do not completely recover from increases in vascular stress on that day. (Author correspondence: jdwang@ntu.edu.tw)
EXPLORING SMARTPHONE SENSORS FOR FALL AND EMERGENCY DETECTION

Falling, and the fear of falling, is a serious health problem among the elderly. It often results in physical and mental injuries that have the potential to severely reduce their mobility, independence and overall quality of life. Nevertheless, the consequences of a fall can be largely diminished by providing fast assistance. These facts have lead to the development of several automatic fall detection systems. Recently, many researches have focused particularly on smartphone-based applications. In this paper, we study the capacity of smartphone built-in sensors to differentiate fall events from activities of daily living. We explore, in particular, the information provided by the accelerometer, magnetometer and gyroscope sensors. A collection of features is analyzed and the efficiency of different sensor output combinations is tested using experimental data. Based on these results, a new, simple, and reliable algorithm for fall detection is proposed. In addition, we also present the algorithm for an innovative emergency application for smartphones, designated by knock-to-panic (KTP). This ingenious system enables users to simply hit their devices in order to send an alarm signal to an emergency service. This application can not only be seen as a backup in case of failure of the fall detection algorithm, but also as a complete and autonomous emergency system. Moreover, the simple and fast activation of KTP makes it a viable and potentially superior alternative to traditional emergency calls. In fact, it is our belief that KTP can be useful to the general population and not only to elderly persons. The two proposed methods are threshold-based algorithms and are designed to require a low battery power consumption.
Gamma Irradiation of Magnetoresistive Sensors for Planetary Exploration

A limited number of Anisotropic Magnetoresistive (AMR) commercial-off-the-shelf (COTS) magnetic sensors of the HMC series by Honeywell, with and without integrated front-end electronics, were irradiated with gamma rays up to a total irradiation dose of 200 krad (Si), following the ESCC Basic Specification No. 22900. Due to the magnetic cleanliness required for these tests a special set-up was designed and successfully employed. Several parameters of the sensors were monitored during testing and the results are reported in this paper. The authors conclude that AMR sensors without front-end electronics seem to be robust against radiation doses of up to 200 krad (Si) with a dose rate of 5 krad (Si)/hour and up to a resolution of tens of nT, but sensors with an integrated front-end seem to be more vulnerable to radiation.
CHAPTER 1 SS-TDMA : A SELF-STABILIZING MAC FOR SENSOR NETWORKS

We focus on the problem of designing a TDMA service for a grid-based sensor network. Such networks are readily found in many applications in the area of monitoring, hazard detection, and so on. We consider three communication patterns, broadcast, convergecast and local gossip, that occur frequently in these systems. We develop TDMA service that can be customized based on the application requirements and also provide guidance about using this service when the communication pattern is unknown or varies with time. With these customizations, whenever a sensor receives a message, it can forward it to its successors with a small delay. We show that this TDMA service is collision free whereas existing CSMA based approaches suffer significant collisions. We also show how this service can be extended to deal with other deployments in a 2-D field, failure of sensors, and sensors that are sleeping as part of a power management scheme. Further, we show that this service can be used in a mobile sensor network that provides localization service.