Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Interpreting Results from the Standardized UXO Test Sites

Abstract : The Institute for Defense Analyses (IDA) was tasked by the Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program (SERDP) and the Environmental Security Technology Certification Program (ESCTP) to complete a detailed analysis of the results of testing carried out at the Standardized Unexploded Ordnance (UXO) Test Sites. The major purpose of this tasking was to provide data for an Interstate Technology and Regulatory Council report on the status of UXO detection and discrimination technology. This IDA document provides an overview of the sites, discusses standard data analysis products provided by the U.S. Army Environmental Center, and describes in detail the analysis undertaken by IDA and the results of that analysis. The focus of the analysis was to provide a data-driven understanding of the performance of sensors currently in widespread use in UXO clearance actions. The method employed was to start with the Army's standard analysis and then apply selective data filters that excluded certain targets to illustrate limitations on performance. As expected, scores improved when munitions that were buried very deeply or clustered with other targets were excluded from the analysis. The demonstrated sensors could be separated into "good" and "poor" categories. But note that even after filters were applied, the good performers did not achieve probabilities of detection (Pds) of 100% for all munition types. IDA analyzed data from individual munition items emplaced at the Standardized UXO Test Sites to provide an understanding of why those items were missed. Note that the distribution of clutter, munition types, and their depths at the Standardized Sites is designed to replicate a variety of real-world encounters. The Standardized Sites do not replicate any particular real-world site.
Growth and p uptake of maize at various p levels under AMF inoculation and different planting methods

Immobility of phosphorus (P) in soil and its poor availability to crops is a matter of serious concern as it severely affects crop growth, yield and net income of farmers. Application of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and suitable planting method (PM) may enhance P availability to crops. Experiments were conducted to investigate the growth and P uptake of maize in the presence of AMF and different PM during two consecutive years i.e. 2016 and 2017 at the University of Agriculture Research Farm Peshawar-Pakistan. Three different PM, viz. flatbed, raisedbed and ridges sowing, five levels of P (as P2O5) (0, 30, 60, 90 and 120 kg/ha), with or without AMF inoculation were used. Higher plant stature (PS), leaf number per plant (L/P), leaf area index (LAI), SPAD value, crop growth rate (CGR) and absolute growth rate (AGR) of maize were achieved with the application of P @ 60 kg/ha. However higher specific leaf area (SLA) was achieved with P @ 90 kg/ha and total P uptake (TPU) with P @ 120kg/ha. PS, L/P, LAI, SPAD value, SLA, CGR, AGR and TPU were significantly higher with the application of AMF to the field. Higher PS, L/P, SPAD value, CGR and ABR were recorded with both raisedbed and ridge PM. Higher SLA and TPU were recorded with raisedbed PM while higher LAI was recorded with ridge PM. It was concluded that AMF application and P @ 60 kg/ha improved growth of maize. TPU is improved with AMF application and P application @ 120 kg/ha. Among the planting methods, both raisedbed and ridge planting methods improved growth of maize.
Study on an impulse turbine for wave energy conversion

The objective of this paper is to clarify the performance of impulse turbine with fixed guide vanes and to compare it with that of Wells turbine with guide vanes. As a result, a suitable choice of the design factors for the impulse turbine was shown for the inlet angle of rotor blade and the shape of guide vane. Furthermore, it was found that the running and starting characteristics of the impulse turbine were superior to those of the Wells turbine under irregular wave condition.
The Effects of Level of Autonomy on Human-Agent Teaming for Multi-Robot Control and Local Security Maintenance

Abstract : The effect of differing levels of autonomy (LOA) using a route-planning agent (RoboLeader) on human multitasking performance (convoy navigation management, target detection, and maintaining situation awareness) was evaluated using a simulated environment. Eye tracker data was used to further explain performance findings, as well as examine Operator Control Unit usage among participants. Increasing LOA improved task performance and reduced workload; however differential effects due to spatial ability (SpA) were found that indicate an optimal level of LOA. Although low SpA participants performance improved with increasing LOA, high SpA participants had a performance decline in the highest LOA. Participants with high perceived attentional control (PAC) benefited from increasing LOA, while those with low PAC did not. Low SpA participants SA improved in the RoboLeader conditions to nearly that of high SpA participants.
A Mixed-Signal Low-Noise Sigma-Delta Interface IC for Integrated Sub-Micro-Gravity Capacitive SOI Accelerometers

An improved annular blowout preventer having a body with a central bore, an annular packer chamber facing the bore, an improved annular packer in said chamber and means for axially loading said annular packer to actuate it to closed position, said improved annular packer including a resilient annulus including an upper set of insert plates embedded in said annulus, a reaction ring embedded in the outer periphery of said annulus and means for moving said reaction ring toward said upper set of insert plates responsive to actuation of said packer loading means to ensure inward movement of said insert plates to their desired supporting position for said annulus when closed. The improved packer may have both upper and lower insert plates and upper and lower rings and a sleeve within the rings to ensure proper movement of both sets of insert plates.
A national examination of random breath testing and alcohol-related traffic crash rates (2000-2012)

This research report examines the relationship between random breath testing (RBT) and alcohol-related traffic crash (ARTC) rates for each Australian jurisdiction, in order to better understand state-specific trends and to undertake a national comparison which ranks the success of the RBT programs operating in each jurisdiction. The research finds jurisdictions with RBT to licensed driver ratios of 1:1 or greater, New South Wales, Queensland, Victoria, Tasmania and the Northern Territory, report stable to declining ARTC trends and lower percentages of reported drink-driving (8.38 to 12.49 per cent; Australian Institute of Health and Welfare, 2011) compared with jurisdictions where the RBT ratio is 1:2 or 1:3; with the exception of the Northern Territory. The Northern Territory reports a higher percentage of reported drink-driving (14.95 per cent; Australian Institute of Health and Welfare, 2011) and a current ARTC rate of more than double that of Tasmania. Jurisdictions with an RBT ratio of 1:2 or 1:3, South Australia, Australian Capital Territory and Western Australia, also report declining ARTC trends however these jurisdictions show higher percentages of reported drink-driving (13 to 14.56 per cent; Australian Institute of Health and Welfare, 2011). The results suggest the relationship between RBT and ARTC rates is not clear cut. While the expected pattern between RBT and ARTC rates is observed, that is an increase in the RBT ratio is associated with a decrease in ARTC rates, this pattern is not observed for all jurisdictions. This suggests that trends for both RBT ratios and ARTC rates are likely to also be influenced by other factors such as geographic differences, varying levels of RBT publicity and educational campaigns, responses for recidivist drink-drivers (rehabilitation), and drink-driving penalties.
TOXICOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF METHANOL SEED EXTRACT OF HUNTERIA UMBELLATA ON REPRODUCTIVE FUNCTIONS OF TREATED WISTAR RATS

Ethnomedicinal survey have shown that the different parts of Hunteria umbellata plant are used in Western and Southern parts of Nigeria in managing various human diseases such as sexually transmitted infections and to induce or augment labor. This is however, without information on its effect on reproductive functions. This study was therefore designed to ascertain if there is any health benefit or risk in the ingestion of Hunteria umbellata on reproductive functions. In this study, qualitative phytochemistry, acute toxicity test and the sub-chronic toxicity effects of 250, 500, and 1000 mg/kg/day of Hunteria umbellata (HU) methanol seed extract on reproductive functions in male and female Wistar rats were investigated for 90 days. To achieve this, effect of repeated doses of methanolic extracts of Hunteria umbellata seed were investigated on selected reproductive parameters of the test animals. Eighty (80) (40 male and 40 female) Wister rats, were randomly divided into 4 groups of 10 rats each. The first group received 10 ml/kg/day of distilled water and served as the control, while the second, third and fourth groups received 250, 500 and 1000 mg/kg/day of the extract for 90 days respectively. Blood samples were collected by retro-orbital puncture and delivered into plain tubes for hormonal assay, using ELISA hormone test kits (Biotec Laboratories Ltd, UK). After 90 days, the rats were anesthetized using chloroform. The histology of the testes and ovaries were also carried out. Result revealed that the prolonged treatment with methanol seed extracts of Hunteria umbellata for 90 days, caused minimal decreases (p>0.05) in testosterone, estrogen, progesterone level in all the extract treated groups as compared with the control group. Also, no significant distortions were observed in the histology of testes and ovaries. The results suggests that the prolonged oral treatment with 250-1000 mg/kg/day of the methanol extract of the seed of Hunteria umbellata did not have any effect on the reproductive functions as well as the reproductive organs in males and females’ rats treated, and could be safe following repeated use.
Technology Transfer Offices: Addressing Imperfections in Entrepreneurial Ecosystems: The Norwegian Context

This research focuses on the creation and nurturing of University spin-offs and how the entrepreneurial ecosystem affects TTOs value creation process. We have conducted unstructured literature reviews on both TTOs and entrepreneurial ecosystems, ultimately resulting in a critique on Roberts and Malones (1996) support-selectivity typology, where we argue that entrepreneurial ecosystems are complex and unique phenomenons, and that the handling of these important external factors cannot be easily generalized. Through the lense of Resource Based Theory and Resource Dependence Theory, we find that new ventures need to build a strong resource base to succeed, and USOs are especially dependent on resources, but because of liability of newness, it is difficult for them to get access to the resources they so desperately need. We further focus on the context of Norway and evaluate the different entrepreneurial ecosystems in Norway and look at how Norwegian TTOs can help USOs get access to important resources.
Prescribed fire: What influences public approval?

Except in remote areas, most prescribed fires will have some effect on members of the public. It is therefore important for land managers to work with the public before, during, and after a prescribed burn. To do this effectively, managers need to have an accurate idea of what people do and do not think about prescribed fire and they need to understand what shapes those opinions. This paper summarizes findings from recent research studies on the social acceptability of prescribed burns and identifies the key factors that people consider in forming their opinions of prescribed fire. Results indicate that there is a fairly high level of public acceptance for use of prescribed fire and that smoke, concerns about escape, and trust are key issues shaping that support. In addition, there is a clear link between understanding of the purpose and intended benefits of prescribed fire and approval of its use. The lesson for managers who wish to introduce prescribed fire in their communities is that they are most likely to gain public support if they: 1) increase familiarity with the practice; and 2) work to build trust between officials from the implementing agency and the public.
21ST Century Manufacturing Enterprise Strategy Report

Abstract : The 21st Century Manufacturing Enterprise Strategy is a vision and the beginning of an implementation plan, which a core group of industry leaders have developed. This group of 15 executives from 13 companies had the advice and counsel of over 150 people from 77 companies and 1 1 professional organizations in developing their strategic enterprise plan. The group strongly feels that this strategy will enable the U.S. to once again become the leader in a world marketplace if a significant effort is led by industry with the help of government and academia to implement the strategy and build the infrastructure. The existing industrial era dominated by mass production manufacturing is drawing to a close. It is giving way to a new era, to be dominated by agile manufacturing enterprises. The Agile Manufacturing Enterprise Forum seeks nothing less than the revival of American competitiveness through the adoption of agile manufacturing strategies. The developers of this strategy believe that U.S. industry does not have an unlimited amount of time to make this transition. We must begin now, today. What happens in the mid-1990's will determine whether or not the U.S. will remain a major manufacturing force, and whether or not the American people can continue to enjoy a high standard of living in the world. Government and academia must join in this extraordinary effort which U.S. industry is leading.
Development of a TL-5 Vertical Faced Concrete Median Barrier Incorporating Head Ejection Criteria

A concrete median barrier was designed as a cost efficient alternative to current barriers for use on roadways with heavy tractor-trailer traffic. The barrier geometry was configured to optimize small car and pickup truck safety. After reviewing over 100 previously conducted crash tests, it was determined that vertical faced barriers reduced the risk of vehicle rollover during impacts by eliminating tire climb and vehicle roll. Also, multiple crash test videos were utilized to create a head ejection envelope encompassing the extent of an occupant’s head as it is ejected through the vehicle side window during impact. The top of the barrier was cut back to comply with this envelope. The internal steel reinforcement was optimized such that material costs were minimized while providing adequate strength. Slight alterations were made to ensure compatibility with common construction practices, such as slipforming. These alterations resulted from discussions with multiple contractors and members of various State Departments of Transportation. A 200 ft section of barrier was constructed and crash tested with an 80,000-lb tractor trailer in compliance with the NCHRP Report 350 requirements. The barrier performance satisfied all criteria under TL-5 impact conditions.
Comparison of Gulf of Mexico Wave Information Studies (WIS) 2-G Hindcast with 3-G Hindcasting

Abstract : The Wave Information Studies (WIS) at the Coastal and Hydraulics Laboratory (CHL), Engineer Research and Development Center (ERDC), Vicksburg, MS, recently completed twenty years (1980-1999) of wave hindcasts for the Gulf of Mexico using the second-generation wave model, WISWAVE. This wave information has been used by the Army Corps of Engineers and private consulting companies for a variety of coastal engineering applications and represents an invaluable resource for the coastal engineering community. WIS is commited to producing high-quality wave information; and thus, it is important to compare the results of this hindcast with hindcast results using the newer third-generation wave modeling technology. These comparisons are valuable for the coastal engineers that use this information and also help WIS evaluate new hindcasting regimes for future wave studies. This paper shows results of three hindcasts using the same input wind fields and the same nested grid system. Results will be shown at available measurement sites for the 1995 Level 2 and Level 3 Gulf of Mexico hindcast.
SNS second target station moderator performance update

In its first years of operations of its first target station, the Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) is working towards a facility upgrade by a megawatt-class second target station operated at 20 Hz repetition rate, which is intended to complement the existing ORNL neutron sources, the first SNS target station and the HFIR reactor, with high-intensity cold neutron beams.The first round of optimization calculations converged on larger-volume cylindrical para-hydrogen moderators placed in wing configuration on top and bottom of a flat mercury target, pre-moderated by layers of ambient water and surrounded by beryllium reflector. The metric of these optimization calculations was time-averaged and energy-integrated neutron brightness below 5 meV with the requirement to be able to serve 20 ports with neutrons. A summary of these calculations will be given including lessons learned from the variety of simulated configurations and detailed neutron performance characteristics like spectral intensities, emission time distributions, local variations of moderator brightness at the viewed areas, and sensitivity of the optimization metric to optimized parameters for the most promising configuration.
Leaf Photosynthesis, Nitrogen Use Efficiency, and Relationships with Growth and Yield in Teff

Background: Teff (Eragrostis tef (Zucc.) Trotter) is an important grain crop, but a paucity of research means that the mean yield is below 1.5 t ha−1. Its high genetic diversity has not been exploited to improve its yield potential. Previous efforts at increasing yield were based entirely on phenotypic, morphologic, and agronomic merits. However, photosynthetic capacity has been neglected, so its possible contributions to yield improvements remain unexplored. Results: We grew 15 teff cultivars in a controlled environment to explore variations in photosynthetic capacity and nitrogen use efficiency (NUE), and examined the relationships of gas exchange and NUE before anthesis with growth and yield attributes. Substantial differences were found in leaf photosynthetic rate (19 ± 9 μmol m−2 s−1, mean ± SD), stomatal conductance (0.11 ± 0.09 mol m−2 s−1), and transpiration rate (2.4 ± 1.3 mmol m−2 s−1). The cultivars differed significantly (P < 0.05) in both NUE (190 ± 227 g m−2) and photosynthetic NUE (59 ± 34 µmol g−1s−1). On average, the plants partitioned 29% of N to leaf, 28% to panicle, and 13% to stem before anthesis. Yield and biomass production were closely associated with photosynthetic capacity and NUE. Clustering of the cultivars on the basis of photosynthesis, NUE, growth, and yield indicates wide variations in photosynthetic capacity and NUE in the wider teff gene pool that should be exploited. Conclusion: We conclude that leaf photosynthesis and NUE are positively related to yield and biomass production in teff.
Videogame-Based Training Success: The Impact of Trainee Characteristics - Year 2

Abstract : Personal computer (PC)-based videogames are emerging as an increasingly popular training tool in the U.S. Army. The present research represents a follow-up investigation to Orvis, Orvis, Belanich, and Mull in (2005) with regards to the impact of trainee characteristics in videogame-based training environments. Specifically, this follow-up research examines prior videogame experience, videogame self-efficacy, and goal orientation as antecedents that maximize trainee motivation, as well as other learner choices and outcomes, in PC game-based training. In this research, participants played a first-person-perspective videogame that began with a single-player section to introduce game- specific tasks, followed by a multi-player section where participants formed small teams to conduct several collaborative missions. Prior to and after the training exercise, participants completed online questionnaires. This research extends Orvis et al. (2005) by demonstrating that these trainee characteristics, as a set, had a positive impact on trainee motivation to use the training game, trainee satisfaction with the training experience, ease in using the training game interface, team cohesion, metacognitive strategies utilized during training, and time spent engaging in the training game. The results of this research provide useful information to training game developers and instructors using videogames as training tools.
Aerodynamic Performance and Particle Image Velocimetery of Piezo Actuated Biomimetic Manduca Sexta Engineered Wings Towards the Design and Application of a Flapping Wing Flight Vehicle

Abstract : Considerable research and investigation has been conducted on the aerodynamic performance, and the predominate flow physics of the Manduca Sexta size of biomimetically designed and fabricated wings as part of the AFIT FWMAV design project. Despite a burgeoning interest and research into the diverse field of flapping wing flight and biomimicry, the aerodynamics of flapping wing flight remains a nebulous field of science with considerable variance into the theoretical abstractions surrounding aerodynamic mechanisms responsible for aerial performance. Traditional FWMAV flight models assume a form of a quasi-steady approximation of wing aerodynamics based on an infinite wing element model (BEM). An accurate estimation of the lift, drag, and side force coefficients is a critical component of autonomous stability and control models. This research focused on two separate experimental avenues into the aerodynamics of AFIT's engineered hawkmoth wings---forces and flow visualization.
Product Market Characteristics and the Industry Life Cycle v1r10

A theoretical model implies that technological opportunity drives industry evolution, fueling a spiral of advantage that allows a few firms to dominate in the long run in high technological opportunity markets. Distinctive implications are tested using new long-period, cross-sectional, cross-national (US and UK) industry data on narrowly-defined product markets. The process by which industries evolve to their static outcomes is found to occur similarly for the same industry in the different countries. Some industries have strong shakeouts in firm numbers and others not, confirming findings of Gort and Klepper (1982) on the first large set of alternative data. In industries with shakeouts entry eventually nearly ceases, but in industries without shakeouts entry remains high. Even in strong shakeouts there is not necessarily a rise in firms’ rate of exit coincident with the shakeout, confirming that shakeouts are not driven by single technological events. The theory and evidence explain why early mover advantage is tied up with the spiral of firm advantage that yields shakeouts, so that only in industries with substantial shakeouts do early movers experience low exit rates relative to incumbents. Technological patterns conform to those expected if technological opportunity drives typical industry outcomes. Leading early entrants dominate relevant patents in industries with substantial shakeouts, and patenting enhances survival especially in industries with shakeouts. Thus technological innovation seems typically to drive alternative industry competitive dynamics, through a spiral of firm advantage in industries with high opportunity for product improvement and process innovation.