Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Chronic treatment with the complex I inhibitor MPP (cid:2) depletes endogenous PTEN-induced kinase 1 (PINK1) via up-regulation of Bcl-2–associated athanogene 6 (BAG6)

BAG6 overexpression decreased the half-life of PINK1. Conversely, siRNA-mediated BAG6 knockdown prevented chronic MPP (cid:2) stress-induced loss of PINK1, reversed MPP (cid:2) -provoked mitochondrial changes, increased cell viability, and prevented MPP (cid:2) -induced dendrite shrinkage in primary neurons. These results indicate that BAG6 up-regulation during chronic complex I inhibition contributes to mitochondrial pathology by decreasing the levels of endogenous PINK1. Given that recessive mutations in PINK1 cause familial PD, the finding of accelerated PINK1 degradation in the chronic MPP (cid:2) model suggests that PINK1 loss of function rep-resents a point of convergence between the neurotoxic and genetic causes of PD.
Stereochemical Dissociations of Epimeric 11-OH-17 (cid:3) -Estradiols and Distant Electronic Effects of Substituents at C (11) Position on Gas Phase Acidity

The affinity of estradiol derivatives for the estrogen receptor (ER) depends strongly on nature and stereochemistry of substituents in C (11) position of the 17 (cid:2) -estradiol ( I ). In this work, the stereochemistry effects of the 11 (cid:3) -OH-17 (cid:2) -estradiol ( III (cid:4) ) and 11 (cid:2) -OH-17 (cid:2) -estradiol ( III (cid:3) ) were investigated using CID experiments and gas-phase acidity ( (cid:2) H° acid ) determination. The CID experiments showed that the steroids decompose via different pathways involving competitive dissociations with rate constants depending upon the (cid:3) / (cid:2) C (11) stereochemistry. It was shown that the fragmentations of both deprotonated [ III (cid:4) -H] (cid:3) and [ III (cid:3) -H] (cid:3) epimers were initiated by the deprotonation of the most acidic site, i.e. the phenolic hydroxyl at C (3) . This view was confirmed by H/D exchange and double resonance experiments. Furthermore, the (cid:2) H° acid of both epimers
Seismological evidence for a sub‐volcanic arc mantle wedge beneath the Denali volcanic gap, Alaska

Arc volcanism in Alaska is strongly correlated with the 100 km depth contour of the western Aluetian Wadati‐Benioff zone. Above the eastern portion of the Wadati‐Benioff zone however, there is a distinct lack of volcanism (the Denali volcanic gap). We observe high Poisson's ratio values (0.29–0.33) over the entire length of the Alaskan subduction zone mantle wedge based on regional variations of Pn and Sn velocities. High Poisson's ratios at this depth (40–70 km), adjacent to the subducting slab, are attributed to melting of mantle‐wedge peridotites, caused by fluids liberated from the subducting oceanic crust and sediments. Observations of high values of Poisson's ratio, beneath the Denali volcanic gap suggest that the mantle wedge contains melted material that is unable to reach the surface. We suggest that its inability to migrate through the overlying crust is due to increased compression in the crust at the northern apex of the curved Denali fault.
Long-Run GDP Growth Framework and Scenarios for the World Economy

This paper develops and applies a simple “conditional growth” framework to make long-term GDP projections for the world economy, taking as a starting point recent empirical evidence about the importance of total factor productivity and human capital in explaining current cross-country disparities in GDP per capita levels. Other distinct features of the projection framework include human capital projections by cohorts and implicit allowance for the impact of ageing and potential labour market and pension reforms on future growth in employment levels. In the baseline projection, world GDP would grow in PPP terms by about 3 ¾ % per year on average over the period 2005-2050. When expressed in constant market exchange rates, taking into account future Balassa-Samuelson effects, this projection falls roughly in the middle of the range of long-run scenarios recently developed in the context of greenhouse gas emission projections. The sensitivity of the projection to total factor productivity and population growth assumptions is significant, however, and compounds with deeper sources of uncertainty such as model and parameter uncertainty. Un cadre d'analyse et des scenarios de long terme pour l'economie mondiale Cet article developpe et applique un cadre d’analyse simple fonde sur la « convergence conditionnelle » pour produire des projections de long terme du PIB mondial, prenant pour point de depart l’evidence empirique recente concernant l’importance de la productivite multifactorielle et du capital humain dans l’explication des disparites actuelles de niveaux de PIB par habitant entre pays. Les autres traits distinctifs du cadre d’analyse incluent des projections de capital humain par cohortes, ainsi que la prise en compte implicite de l’impact du vieillissement et des reformes du marche du travail et des regimes de retraite sur la croissance future de l’emploi. Dans la projection centrale, le PIB mondial exprime en PPA croitrait a un rythme annuel d’environ 3 ¾ % en moyenne au cours de la periode 2006-2050. Exprime en taux de change de marche constants, en prenant en compte les effets Balassa-Samuelson futurs, cette projection se situe dans le milieu de la fourchette des scenarios de long terme developpes recemment dans le contexte des projections d’emissions de gaz a effet de serre. Cependant, la sensibilite de la projection aux hypotheses de taux de croissance de la productivite multifactorielle et de la population est forte, et se combine a des sources d’incertitude plus profondes relatives au modele et a la valeur des parametres.
Reconstruction of Holocene glacier history from distal sources: glaciofluvial stream-bank mires and a glaciolacustrine sediment core near Sota Sæter, Breheimen, southern Norway

This study attempts to reconstruct the Holocene glacier history of Breheimen, southern Norway from four stream-bank mire sites and a downstream lake sediment core near Sota Sæter, based on lithostratigraphy, sediment properties (loss-on-ignition (LOI), magnetic susceptibility (MS), grain size characteristics) and 69 radiocarbon dates. Late-Preboreal deglaciation is indicated by lake-floor accumulation of organic matter (gyttja) largely replacing minerogenic sediment before 9000 cal. BP. A distinct minerogenic layer is thought to represent glacier expansion during the 8.2 ka Finse Event. Following this event until c . 2200 cal. BP, glaciers were mostly smaller than today, indicated by slow accumulation of mainly gyttja with predominantly thin minerogenic layers. A trough in LOI and corresponding small peaks in different silt fractions indicate possible glacial expansion from c. 3500 to 3000 cal. BP. The shorter c. 7500 year stream-bank mire record suggests brief, distinct episodes of Neoglacial glacier activity at c. 5600 and 3650 cal. BP. After c. 2200 cal. BP, up to three possible glacier expansion events are indicated in the lake core compared with up to eight represented in the mire sequences, suggesting greater sensitivity of the latter to small-scale glacier expansion. Marked `suppressed' Neoglacial expansion until after c. 2200 cal. BP contrasts with the more typically reported start at 6000—5300 cal. BP elsewhere in southern Norway. Methodological implications are discussed including: factors responsible for erroneous radiocarbon dates in mire and lake core stratigraphies; high spatial variability in mire stratigraphy; determining the amplitude of glacier contraction episodes; isolating the glacial signal from background `noise'; and further improvement of dating.
Global Mercury Partnership INTERACTIONS BETWEEN MERCURY AND PHYTOPLANKTON: SPECIATION, BIOAVAILABILITY, AND INTERNAL HANDLING

is unlikely to be toxic to phytoplankton when they are exposed to environmentally relevant Hg concentrations. However, this statement should be taken with caution because questions remain as to which Hg species control Hg bioavailability and about Hg uptake mechanisms. Finally, phytoplankton are primary producers, and accumulated Hg will be transferred to higher consumers. Phytoplankton are a key component in aquatic systems, and their interactions with Hg need to be further studied to fully comprehend the biogeochemical cycle of Hg and the impact of this ubiquitous metal on ecosystems. Environ Toxicol Chem 2014;33:1211–1224. # 2013 SETAC
Body Weight of Italians: The Weight of Education

In this paper we empirically study the relationship between education attainment and Body Mass Index (BMI), using as theoretical reference an energy balance model. Our data consist of individual level data from eight waves of the Italian survey on life-styles. We use Quantile Regression (QR) technique to study the impact of education along the whole distribution of the BMI and provide evidence that the effect of education on BMI is greater in magnitude for the overweight and the obese. This effect is reinforced (three times greater) once we account for the endogeneity of some of the determinants of BMI (IVQTE). Finally, we adopt a model specification that allows us to test if education is likely to affect BMI indirectly, through channels such as the adoption of better life styles (healthier diet and more sport activities). Results seem to confirm this hypothesis, and this may reveal an important information for policymakers.
Changes in temperature and precipitation extreme indices over China: analysis of a high‐resolution grid dataset

Based on the high‐resolution gridding data (CN05) from 2416 station observations, a grid dataset of temperature and precipitation extreme indices with the resolution of 0.5° × 0.5° for China region was developed using the approach recommended by the Expert Team on Climate Change Detection and Indices. This article comprehensively presents temporal and spatial changes of these indices for the time period 1961–2010. Results showed widespread significant changes in temperature extremes consistent with warming, for instance, decreases in cold extremes and increases in warm extremes over China. The warming in the coldest day and night is larger than the warmest day and night, respectively, which is concurrent with the coldest night larger than the coldest day and the warmest night larger than the warmest day. Changes in the number of the cold and warm nights are more remarkable than the cold and warm days. Changes in precipitation extremes are, in general, spatially more complex and exhibit a less widespread spatial coverage than the temperature indices, for instance, the patterns of annual total precipitation amount, average daily precipitation rate, and the proportion of heavy precipitation in total annual precipitation are similar with negative trends in a southwest–northeast belt from Southwest China to Northeast China while positive trends in eastern China and northwestern China. The consistency of changes in climate extremes from the CN05 with other datasets based on the stations and reanalyses is also analysed.
Findings from a

The aim of the study was to describe the factors that influence critical care nurses when deciding to wean patients from mechanical ventilation. The study adopted a qualitative methodology, using semi-structured interviews and a vignette. A random stratified sample of critical care nurses (n=24) from one Irish intensive care unit was employed. Each nurse was interviewed once, and a vignette was used to structure the interview questioning. The findings were analysed using thematic content analysis. Six major themes influencing nurses’ decision to wean emerged, as follows: physiological influences; clinical reassessment and decision making; the nurse’s experience, confidence and education; the patient’s medical history and current ventilation; the intensive care working environment; and use of protocols. The findings highlight the complex nature of weaning patients from mechanical ventilation and the major role of the nurse in this process.
Coesite in eclogites of the Lanterman Range (Antarctica): Evidence from textural and Raman studies

Quartz pseudomorphs after possible retrogression of coesite were recognized petrographically within garnets of mafic eclogites from the Lanterman Range (Antarctica). In one of the quartz pseudomorphs the presence of a pristine coesite is indicated by in situ Raman microprobe spectroscopy. The results of the Raman analyses show that the quartz inclusion in addition to the typical quartz vibrations has a weak band at 521 cm-1, which corresponds to the most intense fundamental vibration in coesite. This finding represents a first piece of evidence for ultrahigh-pressure metamorphism in Antarctica which was part of the Gondwana supercontinent affected by the Cambro-Ordovician orogenic cycle.
Holocene vegetation history, precipitation changes and Indian Summer Monsoon evolution documented from sediments of Xingyun Lake, south‐west China

We present a pollen‐based precipitation reconstruction and multi‐proxy records from a 485‐cm‐long sequence from a sediment core from Xingyun Lake, Yunnan Plateau, south‐west China, which depicts the evolution of the Indian Summer Monsoon (ISM) during the last 8500 years. Pollen and other palaeoenvironmental records document several stages of vegetation history and climate change. The warmest and wettest climate in the Xingyun Lake catchment occurred before 5500 cal a BP, and subsequently the climate became gradually drier. After 2000 cal a BP the regional environmental conditions became unstable, and a wet Medieval Warm Period is probably recorded. Our reconstruction of the ISM is similar to that portrayed by Holocene speleothem δ18O records from southern China, but is distinctly different from the East Asian Summer Monsoon (EASM) evolution, which features a mid‐Holocene maximum. Our results support the hypothesis that the ISM and EASM evolved asynchronously during the Holocene, and imply that the Chinese speleothem δ18O records from southern China may principally reflect changes in moisture source from the Indian monsoon domain, and thus record the history of the ISM rather than the EASM.
Chemical Targeting of Voltage Sensitive Dyes to Specific Cell Types in the Brain

Voltage sensitive fluorescent dyes (VSDs) are important tools for probing signal transduction in neurons and other excitable cells. These sensors, rendered highly lipophilic to anchor the conjugated p-wire molecular framework in the membrane, offer several favorable functional parameters including fast response kinetics and high sensitivity to membrane potential changes. The impact of VSDs has however been limited due to the lack of cell-specific targeting methods in brain tissue or living animals. We address this key challenge by introducing a non-genetic molecular platform for cell and molecule specific targeting of synthetic voltage sensitive dyes in the brain. We employ a dextran polymer particle to overcome the inherent lipophilicity of voltage sensitive dyes by dynamic encapsulation and target the construct to specific axonal extensions using the monoamine transporter ligand dichloropane. VoLDeMo (Voltage Sensor-Ligand-Dextran Targeted to Monoaminergic Neurons) probes label dense dopaminergic axons in the mouse striatum and sparse noradrenergic axons in the mouse cortex in acute brain slices. We also demonstrate in whole adult Drosophila brains that VoLDeMo targeting is ligand dependent. VoLDeMo variants bearing either a classical electrochromic ANEP dye or state-of-the-art VoltageFluor dye respond to membrane potential changes in a similar manner to the parent dyes, as demonstrated by whole-cell patch recording. The VoLDeMo platform enables targeting of diffusible VSD probes to specific neuronal cells using endogenous expression levels of native components of neurotransmission machinery. We envision that modularity of our platform will enable its application to a variety of molecular targets (other receptors and covalent labeling-based tags) and sensors (including those in other imaging modalities), as well as lipophilic drugs and signaling modulators. This work demonstrates the feasibility of a chemical targeting approach and expands the possibilities of cell-specific imaging and pharmacology.
A Sensor Web for Real-Time Groundwater Data Monitoring in Morocco

This article presents research and development of an interoperable platform to facilitate, monitor and coordinate groundwater data sharing. This system was orchestrated by a number of services described by Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC) such as Sensor Observation Service (SOS) and other services for the use of mapping data, Web Feature Services (WFS), Web Map Service (WMS), and catalogue services (CSW). An important activity for our project was the establishment of a portal for geographic data and services. Geoportal developed for this project will promote and facilitate access to groundwater data and share theme more openly. Otherwise our system has been designed to provide a powerful tool that enhances the ability of regional staff to monitor near real-time groundwater data (i.e. piezometric level) and as a result will help provide a more effective response to environmental upsets.
Customer-based Brand Equity for a Tourism Destination (CBBETD): the Specific Case of Bandung City, Indonesia

This study examines in detail the use of customer-based brand equity for a tourism destination (CBBETD) as a strategic tool for use with a specific city (Bandung City, Indonesia in this instance). The CBBETD scale developed by Konecnik (2005) and empiricized by Konecnik and Gartner (2007) was successfully adapted using qualitative and quantitative refinements for the city of Bandung. A sample of 400 visitors to Bandung was surveyed, and empirical psychometric assessment was run. The scale required minor adaptations but was found to be appropriate for use in this new context. The components of customer-based brand equity for a tourism destination were found to be: awareness, image, quality and loyalty. The successful adaptation of the scale is encouraging as it provides strategic insight on strengthening destination positioning in the minds of both current and future tourists. Managerial implications and suggestions for future research are provided.
Stratigraphic Architecture, Sedimentology and Structure of the Vouraikos Gilbert‐Type Fan Delta, Gulf of Corinth, Greece

In the Aegion to Kalavrita region of the Gulf of Corinth, Greece, Plio-Pleistocene syn-rift stratigraphy comprises a fluvial-dominated lower group and an upper group dominated by Gilbert-type deltas separated by an erosive unconformity. The lower group records substantial accumulation (1.3 km) of fluvial sediment across a broad area of fault-controlled grabens and half grabens, which was terminated by a marine transgression. The upper group records a great increase in accommodation space, the migration of the depocentre to the north and an increase in sediment supply. It is dominated by large gravel-rich systems that were sourced in the footwalls of active normal faults. The Vouraikos Delta is an exceptionally well-exposed Gilbert-type fan delta complex, which is > 800 m thick, with a surface area of 32 km. It lies in the hangingwall of the Pirgaki-Mamoussia Fault and has been exhumed in the footwall of the Eastern Helike Fault. Preliminary palynological results from topset and pro-delta fine-grained facies and from lower group strata indicate that the Vouraikos Delta began forming some time before 1.1 Ma and was terminated soon after 0.7 Ma. These preliminary Early to Middle Pleistocene age estimates are coherent with published models of the uplift history of the Eastern Helike Fault. Sedimentation rates are thus estimated between 1.3 and 2 mm yr. While the earliest delta infilled an incised palaeovalley, accommodation space was primarily tectonically controlled, first by an extensional forced fold and later by a system of major normal faults (Pirgaki-Mamoussia Fault and its splays). Several families of syn-sedimentary and late normal faults cut the delta. A listric growth fault controlled a large rollover anticline in the lowest stratigraphic package. The delta prograded (to the north-northwest) into water that reached depths of 200–600 m. Topset limestones associated with coastal conglomerate facies indicate that the delta built into a water body that was wholly or periodically marine. Internally, the Vouraikos Delta comprises five stratigraphic packages each characterized by a distinctive organization of topsets, foresets, bottomsets and pro-delta facies and bounded by major stratigraphic surfaces. These packages are tentatively correlated with regressive glacio-eustatic interglacial periods. The trajectory of the offlap break in the centre of the Vouraikos reflects early progradationdominated behaviour followed by increasingly aggradational behaviour.
Helping decisions and kin recognition in long-tailed tits: is call similarity used to 1 direct help towards kin? 2

8 Most cooperative breeders live in discrete family groups, but in a minority, breeding 9 populations comprise extended social networks of conspecifics that vary in relatedness. 10 Selection for effective kin recognition may be expected for more related individuals in 11 such kin neighbourhoods to maximise indirect fitness. Using a long-term social 12 pedigree, molecular genetics, field observations and acoustic analyses, we examine how 13 vocal similarity affects helping decisions in the long-tailed tit Aegithalos caudatus . 14 Long-tailed tits are cooperative breeders in which help is typically redirected by males 15 that have failed in their own breeding attempts towards the offspring of male relatives 16 living within kin neighbourhoods. We identify a positive correlation between call 17 similarity and kinship suggesting that vocal cues offer a plausible mechanism for kin 18 discrimination. Furthermore, we show that failed breeders choose to help males with 19 calls more similar to their own. However, although helpers fine-tune their provisioning 20 rates according to how closely related they are to recipients, their effort was not 21 correlated with their vocal similarity to helped breeders. We conclude that although 22 vocalisations are an important part of the recognition system of long-tailed tits, 23 discrimination is likely to be based on prior association and may involve a combination 24 of vocal and non-vocal cues.
Ice saturation at the tropopause observed from the ER‐2 aircraft

Ice saturation at or just above the tropopause was frequently observed during the ER-2 vertical profiles over Stavanger (59°N) during the Airborne Arctic Stratospheric Expedition (AASE). On occasion, ice saturation extended as much as 500 m above the tropopause. Saturation was not observed over Punta Arenas (53°S) during the Airborne Antarctic Ozone Experiment (AAOE). Saturation extending just above the tropopause was observed at Moffett Field (38°N) in winter but not in summer. The top of a thick cirrus layer at the tropopause will be very strongly cooled, and a thin cloud layer at the tropopause will either be strongly heated or cooled depending on the presence of lower level clouds. Some ER-2 data suggest removal of water and nitrogen species from the tropopause.