Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect of motivation on oral hygiene and caries status among young adults in Hyderabad City

Background: Motivation is a theoretical construct used to explain behavior, it gives the reasons for people's action, desires, and needs, and it drives an individual to a certain action and determines human behavior. Aim: To determine the effect of motivation on oral hygiene and caries status among young adults in Hyderabad city. Settings and Design: A cross-sectional study was carried out among 18–20-year-old engineering college students of Nagole Institute of Technology and Sciences. Materials and Methods: Intrinsic motivation was evaluated using a self-reported 12-item dental intrinsic motivation scale (DIM-S). The oral examination included simplified oral hygiene index (OHI-S) and decayed, missing, filled teeth index (DMFT index). Statistical Analysis Used: Mann–Whitney U-test and ANOVA test were used for comparison among the variables included in the study. Spearman's correlation was used to correlate DIM-S with oral parameters. Results: A total of 393 students participated in the study with majority of them being male (61.8%). It was observed that 69% of the students were extrinsically motivated and only 31% of them were intrinsically motivated. However, intrinsically motivated females had a higher significant score for calculus index–simplified and OHI-S scores. All oral parameters showed a negative correlation, except decayed component and the overall DMFT. However, no statistical significance was noticed among the variables. Conclusion: The present study revealed that to motivate people successfully, one not only has to give them information but also has to pay attention to the individual reasons which restrict their behavior.
Invasive Aspergillosis in solid‐organ transplant recipients: Guidelines from the American Society of Transplantation Infectious Diseases Community of Practice

These updated AST‐IDCOP guidelines provide information on epidemiology, diagnosis, and management of Aspergillus after organ transplantation. Aspergillus is the most common invasive mold infection in solid‐organ transplant (SOT) recipients, and it is the most common invasive fungal infection among lung transplant recipients. Time from transplant to diagnosis of invasive aspergillosis (IA) is variable, but most cases present within the first year post‐transplant, with shortest time to onset among liver and heart transplant recipients. The overall 12‐week mortality of IA in SOT exceeds 20%; prognosis is worse among those with central nervous system involvement or disseminated disease. Bronchoalveolar lavage galactomannan is preferred for the diagnosis of IA in lung and non‐lung transplant recipients, in combination with other diagnostic modalities (eg, chest CT scan, culture). Voriconazole remains the drug of choice to treat IA, with isavuconazole and lipid formulations of amphotericin B regarded as alternative agents. The role of combination antifungals for primary therapy of IA remains controversial. Either universal prophylaxis or preemptive therapy is recommended in lung transplant recipients, whereas targeted prophylaxis is favored in liver and heart transplant recipients. In these guidelines, we also discuss newer antifungals and diagnostic tests, antifungal susceptibility testing, and special patient populations.
Magnetic resonance imaging radiomic feature analysis of radiation-induced femoral head changes in prostate cancer radiotherapy

Background and Purpose: As a feasible approach, radiotherapy has a great role in prostate cancer (Pca) management. However, Pca patients have an increased risk of femoral head damages including fractures after radiotherapy. The mechanisms of these complications are unknown and time of manifestations is too long; however, they may be predicted by early imaging. The main purpose of this study was to assess the early changes in femoral heads in Pca patients treated with intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) using multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) radiomic feature analysis. Materials and Methods: Thirty Pca patients treated with IMRT were included in the study. All patients underwent two mpMRI pre- and postradiotherapy. Thirty-four robust radiomic features were extracted from T1, T2, and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) obtained from diffusion-weighted images. Wilcoxon signed-rank test was performed to assess the significance of the change in the mean T1, T2, and ADC radiomic features postradiotherapy relative to preradiotherapy values. The percentage change values were normalized based on the natural logarithm base ten. Features were also ranked based on their median changes. Results: Sixty femoral heads were analyzed. All radiomic features have undergone changes. Significant postradiotherapy radiomic feature changes were observed in 20 and 5 T1- and T2-weighted radiomic features, respectively (P < 0.05). ADC features did not vary significantly postradiotherapy. The mean radiation dose received by femoral heads was 40 Gy. No fractures were observed within the follow-up time. Different features were found as high ranked among T1, T2, and ADC images. Conclusion: Early structural change analysis using radiomic features may contribute to predict postradiotherapy fracture in Pca patients. These features can be identified as being potentially important imaging biomarkers for predicting radiotherapy-induced femoral changes.
The Relationship Between Sexual Functioning and Sexual Concordance in Women

Abstract Previous research using clinical samples has shown a positive relationship between women’s sexual functioning and sexual concordance (i.e., agreement between genital and subjective sexual arousal). We further examined this relationship using concurrent measures of vaginal, clitoral, and subjective sexual responses in a community sample of women (N = 64, with 59.4% and 34.1% reporting sexual desire and/or arousal difficulties, respectively). Contrary to studies using clinical samples, sexual desire and arousal difficulties were associated with stronger sexual concordance, specifically when changes in subjective arousal predicted changes in genital responses. The subjective experience of arousal may be particularly important in influencing genital responses in women with sexual desire and arousal difficulties compared to unaffected women.
Theory-Based Predictors of Mindfulness Meditation Mobile App Usage: A Survey and Cohort Study

Background Mindfulness meditation has become increasingly popular over the last few years, due in part to the increase in mobile apps incorporating the practice. Although studies have demonstrated the potential of mindfulness meditation to positively impact health, little has been uncovered about what predicts engagement in mindfulness meditation. Understanding the predictors of mindfulness meditation may help practitioners and phone app developers improve intervention strategies and app experience. Objective The purpose of this study was to use the Theory of Planned Behavior and Temporal Self-Regulation Theory to determine factors predicting mindfulness meditation mobile app use. Methods The sample consisted of 85 undergraduate students with no prior mindfulness meditation experience. During their first laboratory visit, participants completed tasks to measure their executive functioning and a survey to measure Theory of Planned Behavior constructs about mindfulness meditation. Over the following 2 weeks, participants logged the days and minutes that they practiced mindfulness meditation using a phone app. Hierarchical regression modeling was used to analyze the data. Results After controlling for demographic factors, participant subjective norms (beta=14.51, P=.001) and intentions (beta=36.12, P=.001) were predictive of the number of minutes practicing mindfulness. Participant executive functioning did not predict mindfulness meditation practice, nor did it moderate the link between intentions and mindfulness meditation practice. Participant attitudes (beta=0.44, P<.001) and perceived control (beta=0.42, P=.002) were positively associated with intentions to practice mindfulness. Conclusions These results suggest that among college student populations, the Theory of Planned Behavior may be useful in predicting the use of mindfulness meditation phone apps. However, participant executive functioning was not a predictor or moderator of mindfulness practice, and Temporal Self-Regulation Theory may be less useful for explaining mindfulness meditation behaviors using phone apps over a short period of time among college students. The results have implications for public health professionals, suggesting that a focus on subjective norms and intentions may promote mindfulness meditation practice using phone apps.
ANALISIS PENGARUH CITRA MEREK DAN KUALITAS PRODUK TERHADAP KEPUTUSAN PEMBELIAN PRODUK SMARTPHONE OPPO

The study was backed by the telecommunications industry with a rapid growing became a mirror of tight and the high need for information which is easily accessible by the public. This research aims to know the influence of the brand image and product quality of Oppo smartphone product purchases. This research was conducted against students STIE Haji Agus Salim Bukittinggi majoring in management. After a review of the literature, and the preparation of the hypothesis, the data collected through questionnaire method deployed to 77 people respondents by using random sampling method. Analysis of the method used is descriptive analysis with logistic regression with binary using data processing using SPSS 16.0 for windows ver. Then conducted the analysis with the data using the test of validity, reliability, descriptive variable analysis (TCR), binary logistic regression test, wald test, ekspetasi test, G and nagelkerke so obtained by the equation Y-9.689 0, 292X1 0, 169X2. The results showed that the brand image and product quality positively and significantly to the influential buying decision either by partial and simultaneous. The most influential variables on the purchasing decision is a brand image with a percentage of that factor and 0.292 least affect the purchasing decision variable is the corporate image is by percentage of 0.169. Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi dengan tumbuh pesatnya industri telekomunikasi yang menjadi cermin dari ketat dan tingginya kebutuhan akan infomasi yang mudah diakses oleh masyarakat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh citra merek dan kualitas produk terhadap keputusan pembelian produk smartphone Oppo. Penelitian ini dilakukan terhadap mahasiswa STIE Haji Agus Salim Bukittinggi Jurusan Manajemen. Setelah dilakukan tinjauan pustaka, dan penyusunan hipotesis, data dikumpulkan melalui metode kuesioner yang disebar kepada 77 orang responden dengan menggunakan metode random sampling. Metode analisis yang digunakan adalah analisis deskriptif dengan menggunakan binary logistic regression dengan pengolahan data menggunakan SPSS ver.16.0 for windows. Kemudian dilakukan analisis dengan data yang ada menggunakan uji validitas, reliabilitas, analisis deskriptif variabel (TCR), binary logistic regression , uji wald, uji G, uji ekspetasi dan nagelkerke sehingga didapatkan persamaan Y = -9,689+0,292X1+0,169X2. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa citra merek dan kualitas produk berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap keputusan pembelian baik secara parsial dan simultan. Variabel yang paling berpengaruh besar terhadap keputusan pembelian adalah citra merek dengan presentase sebesar 0,292 dan faktor yang paling kecil mempengaruhi keputusan pembelian adalah variabel kualitas produk adalah dengan presentase sebesar 0,169.
Patients with aldolase B deficiency are characterized by an increased intrahepatic triglyceride content.

CONTEXT There is an ongoing debate on whether and how fructose is involved in the pathogenesis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). A recent experimental study showed an increased intrahepatic triglycerides (IHTG) content in mice deficient for aldolase B (aldo B-/-), the enzyme that converts fructose-1-phosphate to triose phosphates. OBJECTIVE To translate these experimental findings to the human situation. DESIGN Case-control study. SETTING Outpatient clinic for inborn errors of metabolism. PATIENTS OR OTHER PARTICIPANTS patients with hereditary fructose intolerance, a rare inborn error of metabolism caused by a defect in aldolase B (n=15), and healthy subjects matched for age, sex, and body mass index (BMI)(n=15). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE IHTG content, assessed by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy. RESULTS IHTG content was higher in aldo B-/- patients compared to controls (2.5% versus 0.6%, p=0.001), at a background of a lean body mass (median BMI: 20.4 and 21.8 kg/m2, respectively). Glucose excursions during an oral glucose load were higher in aldo B-/- patients (p=0.043). Hypoglycosylated transferrin, a surrogate marker for hepatic fructose-1-phosphate concentrations, was more abundant in aldo B-/- patients than in controls (p<0.001). Finally, plasma beta-hydroxybutyrate, a biomarker of hepatic beta-oxidation, was lower in aldo B-/- patients compared to controls (p=0.009). CONCLUSIONS This study extends previous experimental findings by demonstrating that aldolase B deficiency also results in IHTG accumulation in humans. It suggests that the accumulation of fructose-1-phosphate and impairment of beta-oxidation are involved in the pathogenesis.
The Association between Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and Coronary Artery Disease in Patients Undergoing Coronary Angiography

Abstract Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and coronary artery disease (CAD) are leading causes of morbidity and mortality. There are conflicting results regarding the association between COPD and CAD. We sought to measure the association between COPD and angiographically diagnosed CAD in a population-based cohort. We performed a retrospective analysis using data from the Alberta Provincial Project for Outcomes Assessment in Coronary Heart Disease (APPROACH), a prospectively collected registry capturing all patients undergoing coronary angiography in Alberta, Canada, since 1995. We included adult patients who had undergone coronary angiogram between April 1, 2007 and March 31, 2014. CAD was present if at least one coronary artery had a significant stenosis ≥50%. COPD was present if the patient had a documented COPD history and was prescribed bronchodilators or inhaled steroids. We evaluated the association between COPD and CAD using univariable and multivariable logistic regression. There were 26,137 patients included with a mean age of 63.3 ± 12.2 years, and 19,542 (74.8%) were male. The crude odds ratio (OR) of having CAD was 0.83 (95% CI 0.74–0.92) for patients with COPD compared to those without COPD. The adjusted OR was 0.75 (95% CI 0.67–0.84) after controlling for age, sex, smoking history, body mass index, hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, peripheral artery disease and cardiac family history. In patients undergoing coronary angiography, COPD was negatively associated with CAD with and without the adjustment for classic risk factors. COPD patients should be properly examined for heart disease to reduce premature mortality.
Rates of Extreme Neonatal Hyperbilirubinemia and Kernicterus in Children and Adherence to National Guidelines for Screening, Diagnosis, and Treatment in Sweden

Key Points Question What is the incidence of hazardous neonatal hyperbilirubinemia, and does an association exist between the quality of neonatal care and kernicterus? Findings In this population-based cohort study of 992 378 live-born children in Sweden from 2008 to 2016, 67 newborns were exposed to serum bilirubin levels of 30 mg/dL (510 μmol/L) or higher, of whom 13 developed kernicterus. Root cause analysis indicated that 11 of these 13 kernicterus cases (85%) were potentially avoidable because they were associated with suboptimal screening, diagnosis, or treatment. Meaning Kernicterus observed in a high-resource setting was associated with nonadherence to best practice guidelines and thus might have been prevented in a majority of infants.
The Effects of Growth, Size and Capital Structure Decisions on Profitability in Istanbul Stock Exchange (ISE):2008-2017

The effect of firm size, growth and capital structure on firm profit rates has been searched by economists for several decades. The aim of this paper is to investigate the impacts of size, liquidity, growth and capital structure decisions on profitability in Stock Exchange Istanbul (BIST). For this aim, annual data of 114 manufacturing industry companies which are active at the moment in BIST. The financial data set covers the period 2005-2017. Results of the study using panel data analysis shows that while the ratios with regarding capital structure decisions negatively affect profitability, whereas size liquidity and growth positively affects profitability.
Connectional architecture of a mouse hypothalamic circuit node controlling social behavior

Significance How hypothalamic cellular heterogeneity maps onto circuit connectivity, and the relationship of this anatomical mapping to behavioral function, remain poorly understood. Here we systematically map the connectivity of estrogen receptor-1–expressing neurons in the ventromedial hypothalamus (VMHvlEsr1), which control aggression and related social behaviors, using multiple viral-genetic tracers. Rather than a simple feed-forward sensory-to-motor processing stream, we find high convergence (fan-in) and divergence (fan-out) in VMHvlEsr1 inputs and projections, respectively, with massive feedback. However, outputs are split into two subpopulations that project either posteriorly, to premotor structures, or anteriorly back to the amygdala and hypothalamus. This fan-in/-out system architecture is consistent with “antenna” and “broadcasting” functions for VMHvlEsr1 neurons, with the feedback pathway possibly controlling behavioral decisions and internal state. Type 1 estrogen receptor-expressing neurons in the ventrolateral subdivision of the ventromedial hypothalamus (VMHvlEsr1) play a causal role in the control of social behaviors, including aggression. Here we use six different viral-genetic tracing methods to systematically map the connectional architecture of VMHvlEsr1 neurons. These data reveal a high level of input convergence and output divergence (“fan-in/fan-out”) from and to over 30 distinct brain regions, with a high degree (∼90%) of bidirectionality, including both direct as well as indirect feedback. Unbiased collateralization mapping experiments indicate that VMHvlEsr1 neurons project to multiple targets. However, we identify two anatomically distinct subpopulations with anterior vs. posterior biases in their collateralization targets. Nevertheless, these two subpopulations receive indistinguishable inputs. These studies suggest an overall system architecture in which an anatomically feed-forward sensory-to-motor processing stream is integrated with a dense, highly recurrent central processing circuit. This architecture differs from the “brain-inspired,” hierarchical feed-forward circuits used in certain types of artificial intelligence networks.
From face to face: the contribution of facial mimicry to cognitive and emotional empathy

ABSTRACT Despite advances in the conceptualisation of facial mimicry, its role in the processing of social information is a matter of debate. In the present study, we investigated the relationship between mimicry and cognitive and emotional empathy. To assess mimicry, facial electromyography was recorded for 70 participants while they completed the Multifaceted Empathy Test, which presents complex context-embedded emotional expressions. As predicted, inter-individual differences in emotional and cognitive empathy were associated with the level of facial mimicry. For positive emotions, the intensity of the mimicry response scaled with the level of state emotional empathy. Mimicry was stronger for the emotional empathy task compared to the cognitive empathy task. The specific empathy condition could be successfully detected from facial muscle activity at the level of single individuals using machine learning techniques. These results support the view that mimicry occurs depending on the social context as a tool to affiliate and it is involved in cognitive as well as emotional empathy.
Evaluation of postoperative complications of open reduction and internal fixation in the management of mandibular fractures: A retrospective study

Background: Mandible is one of the most prominent bones of the facial skeleton leading to high prevalence of fracture during facial trauma. The management of mandibular fractures has evolved from intermaxillary fixation (IMF) to a combination of IMF and wire osteosynthesis, lag screw, and plate fixation. Despite the evolution in techniques, no technique including open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) has proven to be completely devoid of complications. However, ORIF has many advantages and has resulted in better outcome when compared with the closed reduction methods. Aim: The aim of this retrospective study is to assess the incidence of postoperative complications in 98 patients treated with ORIF for mandibular fractures. Materials and Methods: A sample size of 98 patients with mandibular fractures reporting to Saveetha Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, from January 2014 to November 2016, treated by ORIF was included in the study and was split into three groups. The patient's records were analyzed for deriving the number and type of complications that occurred during the postoperative period of ORIF. Results: Patients with fractures in the condyle region reported with the highest number of complications when compared to the angle and parasymphysis regions. The most common complications that the patients reported were infection that led to plate removal and paresthesia. Others were wound dehiscence, occlusal disturbances, and facial nerve paralysis which were less common. Conclusion: The most common postoperative complication of the procedure in this retrospective study was found to be infection of the plates that are preventable with better aseptic techniques.
Association between periductal fibrosis and bile duct dilatation among a population at high risk of cholangiocarcinoma: a cross-sectional study of cholangiocarcinoma screening in Northeast Thailand

Objectives To assess associations between periductal fibrosis (PDF) and bile duct dilatation (BDD) in ultrasonography (US) screening of population at risk of cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) due to residence in an endemic area for Opisthorchis viverrini. CCA survival rates are low, and early identification of risk factors is essential. BDD is one symptom that can identify patients at risk of CCA. Detection of PDF by US can also identify at-risk patients, at an earlier stage of CCA development. Identification of association between PDF and BDD will inform screening practices for CCA risk, by increasing the viability of PDF screening for CCA risk. Setting Nine tertiary care hospitals in Northeast Thailand. Design Cross-sectional study. Participants Study subjects in the Cholangiocarcinoma Screening and Care Program (CASCAP) in Northeast Thailand. CASCAP inclusion criteria are all residents of Northeast Thailand aged ≥40 years. Participants are recruited through CCA screening centres and through primary healthcare units. So far, 394 026 have been enrolled. Methods PDF and BDD were identified through US. PDF was categorised into three groups, PDF1, 2 and 3, depending on their high echo locality in the peripheral, segmental and main bile duct, respectively. Associations between PDF and BDD were determined by adjusted OR and 95% CI using multiple logistic regression. Results BDD was found in 6.6% of PDF3, 1.7% of PDF2 and 1.4% of PDF1 cases. Among PDF cases, especially in PDF3, BDD was found in men more than in women (8.9% and 4.6%, respectively). Compared with non-PDF, the association between PDF3 and BDD was highly significant (adjusted OR=5.74, 95% CI 4.57 to 7.21, p<0.001). Conclusions Our findings reveal that there is a relationship between PDF and BDD, which is associated with CCA. Therefore, PDF can also be an indicator for suspected CCA diagnosis through US.