Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Assessment of aflatoxin M1 levels in raw camel milk, cow milk and powdered milk in Algeria

ABSTRACT The study provides current information on the level of Aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) in three kinds of milk. This is the first report on AFM1 contamination in raw camel milk in the studied area. Seven raw camel milk, 21 raw cow milk, and 13 powdered milk samples were analysed with a highly sensitive competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit. The results indicated that 14.63% (6/41) of all the analysed samples were positive, with an average concentration of 17.92ng/L, and a range of 5.5–42.5ng/L. It was found that only one sample (4.76%) of cow’s milk was positive, but all camels’ milk samples (100%) were free from Aflatoxin M1. The highest incidence and concentration (38.46%) was found in powdered milk with an average concentration of 20.34 ng/L. No analysed sample exceeded the limit set by European regulations (50 ng/L). This means that the milk analysed does not represent a consumer health hazard owing to the low concentration of Aflatoxin M1, but continuous monitoring is still needed to protect public health.
Comparison between heavy metal residues and their effect on African Catfish (Clarias gariepinus) and Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)

: F ish are an important source of proteins of a high value. Bioaccumulation of heavy metals in aquatic animals causes serious threat for fish as well as human via persistent consumption of fish. This study aims to estimate the concentrations of some heavy metals (lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd) and chromium (Cr)) in fish muscles and water. Samples of fish muscles ( Clariasgariepinus and Oreochromisniloticus ) and water were collected from different farms in Sharkia province in Egypt from April to September in 2022. The concentrations of heavy metals had the order Pb> Cr > Cd. The highest values of metals were recorded for Pb in the examined fish while the lowest values were recorded for Cd and Cr. There is a variation in the concentrations of heavy metals in water between investigated farms. The highest values of metals were recorded for Pb in the water. a significant decrease in RBCs count, Hb conc. , PCV% and WBCs compared with control group with significant increase in MCV, MCH values in farm B, C and D compared to control and the most pronounced significant changes was correlated to farm C. A significant decrease in phagocytic index and percentage were the recorded effect of heavy metals. The impact of heavy metals on biochemical parameters showed significant increase of AST, ALT, urea, creatinine, glucose and total lipids in the blood of examined fish, but total protein and total globulin, beta and gamma globulin revealed a significant decrease. They
Effect of mothers’ empowerment program on premature infants’ attachment and weight gain

Empowerment program help mothers to increase readiness of weight gain and attachment for premature infants after discharge which in turn are a critical issue to decrease potential adverse consequences. Aim of the current study was to evaluate the effect of mothers’ empowerment program on premature infants’ attachment and weight gain. In order to represent the current research, the design of quasi-experimental was implemented. The study was conducted at Center for Social and Preventive Medicine in premature outpatient clinic in the Cairo University Specialized Pediatric Hospital (CUSPH). A convenience sample of 60 premature infants and their mothers was participated in the current study; mothers and their preterm infants were split into two equal groups: 30 as a control group and 30 as a study group. The data was collected using the following tools: a structured interview questionnaire sheet, mother's knowledge assessment questionnaire (pre/posttest), practices observational checklists, maternal postnatal attachment scale and standardized weight growth chart. The results revealed that, the mothers in the study group who received empowerment program had a higher overall mean score of knowledge and practices rather than mothers in the control group. There were statistically significant differences were detected for infant's weight in the study group before and after empowerment program rather than infants in the control group. As well as, there were statistically significant differences were detected for attachment scale in the study group before and after empowerment program rather than a control group. As well as the mothers who received the empowerment program there were increased weight and attachment for their premature infants.
Investigating cortical networks from vibrotactile stimulation in young adults using independent component analysis: an fMRI study

This study investigated the functional connectivity of the neural networks when vibrotactile stimulation is applied to the fingertips of young adults. Twenty healthy, right-handed subjects were stimulated with vibrotactile stimulation whilst being scanned with a 3.0 T magnetic resonance imaging scanner. The subjects were stimulated at 30 Hz – 240 Hz using a piezoelectric vibrator attached to the subjects' bilateral index fingers. The scanned data were processed with independent component analysis (ICA), while the temporal configuration and spatial localisation of the component were investigated. The activation locations were tabulated and compared with regions of somatosensory in the brain. Using ICA, somatosensory regions and their neighbouring areas identified one or more of these components mapped to the common significant regions in the medial frontal gyrus (MFG), paracentral lobule (PaCL), precentral gyrus (PrG), postcentral gyrus (PoG), inferior parietal lobule (IPL), and cingulate gyrus (CgG). Using Neuromark as a reference, six significant networks with the highest correlation values, r>0.5, were identified: the visual network (VIN), sensorimotor network (SMN), cognitive-control network (CCN), subcortical network (SCN), default-mode network (DMN), and auditory network (AUN). It showed that VIN and SMN were the most activated during the vibrotactile stimulation. A comparison of the network volumes and peak activations during the conditions demonstrated changes in volume and corresponding peak activation during vibrotactile stimulation. This study contributes to a better understanding of the underlying mechanisms of the somatosensory areas. Other than that, not only this study highlighted the underlying effect of vibrotactile stimulation towards the functional brain connectivity at network levels, but it also highlighted the impact of frequencies in somatosensory studies. In the future, we suggest that exploring the change in the range of frequencies and examining its differences will allow us to comprehend aspects of somatosensory networks and their connectivity.
Breast Lesions of Uncertain Malignant Potential (B3) and the Risk of Breast Cancer Development: A Long-Term Follow-Up Study

Simple Summary The widespread use of screening mammography and breast ultrasound has enhanced early diagnosis and reduced breast cancer mortality. At the same time, this practice has led to an increase in breast biopsies for suspicious lesions, some of them ultimately resulting in breast lesions of uncertain malignant potential (B3 lesions). The correct management of B3 lesions is controversial, but surgical excision is generally recommended because of the considerable risk of an upgrade to cancer diagnosis upon final histology. Very little data exist concerning the role of B3 diagnosis as a risk factor for future development of breast cancer. The current study analyzes the largest series of B3 lesions from a single institution, providing new insights on both the risk of immediate upgrade to cancer and the subsequent risk of cancer development during the follow-up. An upgrade to carcinoma was found in 4.8% to 39.8% of B3 lesions depending on histologic subtype and in 22.7% on average. In the subsequent years, a diagnosis of breast carcinoma occurred in 9.2% of the patients. This information has considerable implications for future management of patients with B3 lesions. Abstract Breast lesions of uncertain malignant potential (B3) are frequently diagnosed in the era of breast cancer (BC) screening and their management is controversial. They are generally removed surgically, but some international organizations and guidelines for breast research suggest follow-up care alone or, more recently, propose vacuum-assisted excision (VAE). The risk of upgrade to BC is known, but very little data exist on its role as risk factor for future BC development. We analyzed 966 B3 lesions diagnosed at our institution, 731 of which had long-term follow-up available. Surgical removal was performed in 91%, VAE in 3.8%, and follow-up in 5.2% of cases. The B3 lesions included flat epithelial atypia (FEA), atypical ductal hyperplasia (ADH), lobular intraepithelial neoplasia (LIN), atypical papillary lesions (PLs), radial scars (RSs), and others. Overall, immediate upgrade to BC (invasive or in situ) was 22.7%. After long-term follow-up, 9.2% of the patients were diagnosed with BC in the same or contralateral breast. The highest risk was associated with ADH diagnosis, with 39.8% of patients upgraded and 13.6% with a future BC diagnosis (p < 0.0001). These data support the idea that B3 lesions should be removed and provide evidence to suggest annual screening mammography for women after a B3 diagnosis because their BC risk is considerably increased.
Cardiocerebrovascular risk in sensorineural hearing loss: results from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2015 to 2018

Objective This study aims to determine whether the risks of cardiocerebrovascular disease are relevant to sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) based on a national database. Methods A total of 1,321 participants aged from 18 to 69 with complete data including medical history and audiometry from the NHANES database (2015–2018) were analyzed. All included participants had available hearing data and the average thresholds of the hearing data were measured and calculated as low-frequency pure-tone average (LFPTA; 500, 1,000, and 2,000 Hz) and high-frequency pure-tone average (HFPTA; 3,000, 4,000, 6,000, and 8,000 kHz). SNHL was defined as an average pure tone of more than or equal to 20 dB in at least one better ear. Multivariable models to assess the association between cardiocerebrovascular risks and SNHL were used in this study. Results The prevalence of stroke was 1.6% in individuals with SNHL and 0.4% in individuals without SNHL (p = 0.023). A higher cardiovascular risk score was observed in SNHL patients compared to participants without SNHL (1.58 vs. 0.90, p < 0.001). Stroke was associated with a 3.67-fold increase in the risk of SNHL (95% CI: 1.12–12.00, p = 0.032) in univariable logistic regression, and the association (OR = 4.22, 95%CI = 1.28–13.93, p = 0.020) remained significant after adjusting for several covariates. Multivariable logistic regression models indicated a positive correlation between cardiovascular risk and SNHL (OR = 1.66, 95% CI = 1.40–1.96, p < 0.001), but no significant relationship was shown with all covariates adjusted. However, significant associations were found between SNHL and both age and sex in both univariable and multivariable logistic regression models. Conclusion Our findings suggested that a higher cardiocerebrovascular risk burden was associated with an increased risk of SNHL, and the relationship may be influenced by age and sex. Future longitudinal studies are needed to investigate the mechanistic and pathologic vascular hypothesis of SNHL.
Statistics for High-Dimensional Data: Methods, Theory and Applications

Statistical Foundations of Data ScienceNew Perspectives and Challenges in Econophysics and SociophysicsStatistical Learning with SparsityMathematical Foundations of Infinite-Dimensional Statistical ModelsStatistics and Analysis of ShapesMultivariate StatisticsHigh-Dimensional Covariance EstimationPrinciples and Methods for Data ScienceHigh-Dimensional StatisticsHigh-Dimensional ProbabilityHandbook of Financial Econometrics and StatisticsStatistics for High-Dimensional DataRegularization in High-dimensional StatisticsAnalysis of Multivariate and High-Dimensional DataProbability and ComputingLarge Sample Covariance Matrices and High-Dimensional Data AnalysisHigh-Dimensional Data Analysis in Cancer ResearchHandbook of Big Data AnalyticsIntroduction to Clustering Large and High-Dimensional DataAnalyzing High-Dimensional Gene Expression and DNA Methylation Data with RSufficient Dimension ReductionHandbook of Big DataHandbook of Mixture AnalysisHigh Dimensional Probability VIStatistical Analysis for High-Dimensional DataHigh-Dimensional ProbabilitySpectral Analysis of Large Dimensional Random MatricesBig Data AnalyticsIntroduction to High-Dimensional StatisticsGeometric Structure of High-Dimensional Data and Dimensionality ReductionApplied Biclustering Methods for Big and High-Dimensional Data Using RBig and Complex Data AnalysisHigh-dimensional Data AnalysisFunctional Statistics and Related FieldsHandbook of Data VisualizationNonlinear Dimensionality ReductionModern Statistics for Modern BiologySparse Modeling for Image and Vision ProcessingModeling and Stochastic Learning for Forecasting in High DimensionsContributions to Fault Detection and Diagnosis with High-dimensional Data
In vitro Anti-inflammatory, Anti-oxidant and Cytogenotoxicity of Axinella sp., a Marine Sponge Extract

Exploring the oceans for bioactive compounds is an incessant human desire. The present study investigates selected bioactivities; anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, cytotoxic, and genotoxic potential of Axinella sp. marine sponge crude extract (SCE). Sponge identification was based on morphology and skeletal analysis. The SCE was prepared by methanol/dichloromethane extraction and tested for zoo-chemicals, anti-inflammatory properties by protein denaturation, heat and hypertonicity-induced bovine erythrocyte membrane stability assays. Radical scavenging activity was tested against 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazil (DPPH), 2,2′-Azino-bis (3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS), nitric oxide (NO), and peroxide radicals. The IC50 was calculated for each assay. Cytotoxicity and genotoxicity were tested on Artemia salina and Allium cepa models, respectively. The LC50 and mitotic index (MI) were calculated where appropriate, while chromosomal aberrations were recorded in the A. cepa assay. The results indicated the presence of alkaloids, terpenoids, unsaturated sterols, flavonoids, and saponins in SCE. Potent inhibitory activities on egg albumin denaturation were reported by SCE (IC50=39.55±3.21 μg/ml). Heat and hypertonicity induced bovine erythrocyte membrane stability was reported as IC50=44.64±0.56 μg/ml and IC50=35.7±. 0.26 μg/ml, respectively. In comparison to reference drugs, the resulting scavenging activities were strong against NO (IC50=50.63±2.85 μg/ml) and more or less similar against DPPH (IC50=42.49±0.85 μg/ml). However, the potency of ABTS and peroxide radical scavenging activities was low in SCE (IC50=42.49±0.74 μg/ml and IC50=323.52±3.71 μg/ml, respectively). The SCE was toxic to A. salina nauplii (LC50=106.81 μg/ml) and A. cepa root cells (LC50=114.63 μg/ml) with a 7.2% chromosomal aberrations reported in the A. cepa genotoxicity assay. The potent anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, cytotoxic, and genotoxic effects of SCE proposes its feasibility as a potential drug lead, followed by further comprehensive research.
Lower Bounds and Fixed-Parameter Tractability of Drawing Graphs

We investigate the problem of algorithmically drawing graphs, i.e., the process of creating geometric representations of graphs. We primarily consider node-link diagrams, where the vertices of a graph are represented with dots and the edges of a graph are represented as piece-wise smooth curves connecting those dots corresponding to their end points. Our contributions include hardness results going beyond $\NP$-hardness and fixed-parameter tractable algorithms for $\NP$-hard problems.Orthogonal drawing is a common graph drawing style in which the edges of a graph are drawn as polygonal chains of axis-aligned segments. We show that several problems of compacting orthogonal graph drawings to use the minimum number of rows, area, length of longest edge or total edge length cannot be approximated better than within a polynomial factor of optimal in polynomial time unless $\P$ equals $\NP$. We also provide a fixed-parameter tractable algorithm for testing whether a drawing can be compacted to a small number of rows.Many well-known graph drawing techniques have algebraic formulations. However, practical methods for producing such drawings use numerical approximations rather than constructing and then solving algebraic expressions representing their exact solutions. To explain this phenomenon, we use Galois theory to show that many variants of these problems have solutions that cannot be expressed by nested radicals or nested roots of low-degree polynomials. Hence, such solutions cannot be computed exactly even in extended computational models that include such operations. Finally, we investigate crossing minimization for $1$-page and $2$-page book drawings. In a $p$-page book drawing, the vertices of the graph are placed on the $x$-axis (or the spine), and the edges are drawn entirely in the upper half-plane. Each edge is assigned one of $p$ colors (or pages). In such drawing we only count crossings between edges in the same page. Since crossing minimization is an $\NP$-hard problem we provide fixed-parameter tractable algorithms; the parameters we consider are the $k$-almost tree parameter, treewidth, and the crossing number.
Post-Covid-19 Syndrome in the orofacial region with emphasis in the Andes: Systematic Literature Revision

Post COVID-19 syndrome, according to the WHO, is a disease that occurs in individuals with a history of SARS-CoV-2 infection, usually within three months from its onset. It is characterized by persistent clinical manifestations related to the sensory organs. The objective of this review is to determine the Post COVID-19 symptoms in the orofacial region in Latin America with emphasis on the Andean region. A literature review was conducted based on publications from 2020 to 2022, using several digital databases, including PubMed, Latindex, and Google Scholar. After applying an inclusion and exclusion criteria, 24 articles were selected for the analysis of Post COVID-19 symptoms in the Andean region. The most common manifestations reported were fatigue, myalgia, and headaches. In regards to the orofacial region, the main symptoms included dysgeusia, anosmia, and to a lesser extent, tinnitus, and xerostomia. The symptoms with the highest prevalence withing the Post COVID-19 syndrome were dysgeusia, hypogeusia, and ageusia as well as anosmia, which were among the most frequent in the orofacial region. Visual disturbances such as red eye and vision loss were also reported, as well as minor alterations of the oral mucosa. These conditions are important and have persistent symptoms, requiring further studies on the subject. A thorough medical history is recommended to identify specific symptoms and signs in Post COVID-19 patients.
Tracking Skill Acquisition With Cognitive Diagnosis Models: A Higher-Order, Hidden Markov Model With Covariates

A family of learning models that integrates a cognitive diagnostic model and a higher-order, hidden Markov model in one framework is proposed. This new framework includes covariates to model skill transition in the learning environment. A Bayesian formulation is adopted to estimate parameters from a learning model. The developed methods are applied to a computer-based assessment with a learning intervention. The results show the potential application of the proposed model to track the change of students’ skills directly and provide immediate remediation as well as to evaluate the efficacy of different interventions by investigating how different types of learning interventions impact the transitions from nonmastery to mastery.
State-selective dissociation dynamics of an oxygen molecular ion studied with single-harmonic pump and infrared-probe pulses

Citation: Malakar, Y. , Wilhelm, F. , Trabert, D. , P., K. R. , Li, X. , Pearson, W. L. , … Rudenko, A. (2018). State-selective dissociation dynamics of an oxygen molecular ion studied with single-harmonic pump and infrared-probe pulses. Physical Review A, 98(1), 013418. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevA.98. 013418
Office-Based Intraosseous Infiltrations of PRGF as an Effective Treatment for Knee Osteoarthritis: A Retrospective Observational Clinical Study

The aim of this study was to explore and assess office-based ultrasound-guided intraosseous and intra-articular infiltrations of plasma rich in growth factors (PRGF) in patients with moderate and severe knee osteoarthritis (KOA). Seventy-nine patients (30 women and 49 men) with grade 3–4 KOA according to the Kellgren–Lawrence classification participated in the study. All patients were treated with a minimally invasive technique using local anesthesia WALANT (wide-awake local anesthesia no tourniquet) in the ambulatory setting. A PRGF intra-articular infiltration and two intraosseous infiltrations in the tibial plateau and femoral condyle were performed weekly for a total of three sessions. The evaluation of the results was carried out using knee injury and osteoarthritis outcome score (KOOS) at baseline and post-treatment. After a follow-up period of 11 months (median) [interquartile range, 7–14], all the KOOS domains showed statistically significant improvement (p < 0.001). Moreover, 88% of the patients showed a pain reduction of at least 10 points (minimally clinically important improvement) from pre- to post-treatment. Our retrospective study using the in-office procedure of ultrasound-guided combination of intra-articular and intraosseous infiltrations of PRGF is a safe and efficacious approach for the treatment of grade 3–4 knee osteoarthritis.
Role of Tissue Plasminogen Activators, Streptokinase and Other Thrombolytics in the Treatment of Myocardial Infarction

In the United States, coronary artery disease is the most frequently occurring cause of mortality. A century ago, the obstruction of CA was recognized as the root cause of myocardial infarction. Through research, streptokinase was discovered as a beneficial treatment for acute myocardial infarction, lowering mortality. More recent agents, such as tissue plasminogen activators like Tenecteplase, reteplase, and alteplase have also been developed. Today, primary percutaneous coronary intervention and thrombolytic therapy have transformed the way acute myocardial infarction is treated, leading to a significant decrease in cardiovascular-related deaths. This paper offers an outline of the different antifibrinolytic agents used to manage acute myocardial infarction.