Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effectiveness of wellbeing instruction on the knowledge and attitude of university students on pre-marriage screening and counseling

Aim of the study: This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of wellbeing instruction on the knowledge and attitude of university students on pre-marriage screening and counseling. Methods: A quasi-experimental design was used which was conducted at one medical Nursing and one non-medical Commerce faculty at Kafrelsheikh University, Egypt. A purposive sample of one thousand female students enrolled in this study. One tool was used which was self-administered questionnaire. Results: There was a statistical significance with total knowledge and attitude. The aggregate knowledge score expanded from 23.3% to 54% among medical students, and from 21% to 41% among non-medical students and the significance was statistically high. The elevating attitude significantly increased from 54.7% to 66% among nursing students and from 49% to 57.5% among commerce students. Conclusion: It can be inferred that, even though there was a difference in the level of knowledge for all students in the two groups after wellbeing instruction, they had inadequate information about pre-marriage screening and counseling. But above one half from each group communicated a great and motivating attitude toward pre-marriage screening and counseling. Recommendations: On the glow of these findings, it is prescribed to lead wellbeing training administrations about pre-marriage screening among students of secondary schools in Kafrelsheikh Governorate to expand the general population mindfulness and impact their states of attitude towards pre-marriage screening and counseling administrations.
Ambient Air Quality as a Condition of Effective Healthcare Therapy on the Example of Selected Polish Health Resorts

This article discusses the importance of air quality for the organization and functioning of health resorts. Ten different types of resorts located in various regions of Poland were compared in terms PM10 concentration. Additionally, comparative analysis of the high-PM10 episodes was performed in three urban agglomerations located near the analyzed health resorts. The article also discusses formal, legal, and economic instruments that are the basis for legislative actions as tools for managing the air quality in the selected resorts. The analysis of the average annual concentrations in 2015–2019 did not show any exceedances of the PM10 limit value for any of the health resorts studied. High PM10 concentration values in 2018 were recorded for the number of days in exceedance of the limit value, especially in the health resorts of Uniejów, Ciechocinek, and Szczawno-Zdrój. Health resorts located in the south of Poland were identified as the most at risk in terms of the occurrence of limit value exceedances, information, and alert thresholds. It was concluded that the implementation of the so called “anti-smog” resolutions, including the development of financial support for changing the heating system to eliminate coal boilers and furnaces, is absolutely necessary for air quality improvement.
Land use effects on the functional structure of aquatic insect communities in Neotropical streams

Abstract Land use and occupation by human populations can cause many environmental changes in streams, which affect not only the number and abundance of species but also the biological characteristics or functional traits of the individuals. Here we investigated the influence of different land uses (agriculture and urbanization) on taxonomic and functional diversity of aquatic insects in drift samples from Neotropical streams. To this end, we used 2 diversity metrics: the Shannon-Wiener diversity index (H′) to quantify taxonomic diversity and Rao’s quadratic entropy index (Q) to measure functional diversity. In addition, we analyzed the importance of environmental variables on functional traits composition. The high heterogeneity of habitats in rural streams contributed to the occurrence of sensitive taxa (i.e., specialist taxa), which mostly do not share the same categories of functional traits, providing higher functional diversity in these streams. Conversely, the impacts resulting from urbanization processes changed the abiotic variables and led to habitat simplification, favoring the dominance of tolerant (generalist) taxa, which share more traits, thus reducing the taxonomic and functional diversity in these sites. Assessing the functional diversity of aquatic insects under the influence of different land uses is of utmost importance to better understand the functioning of aquatic communities impacted by land use change.
Shifts in Phytoplankton Composition and Stepwise Climate Change During the Middle Miocene

The abundance and composition of modern phytoplankton are primarily related to equator‐to‐pole temperature gradients and global ocean circulation, which in turn determine the availability of nutrients in the photic zone. The nutricline is found at greater depths in warm, tropical waters, whereas more vigorous surface mixing in higher latitudes (seasonally) enhances nutrient availability and primary productivity. Ocean temperatures were ~7°C higher during the middle Miocene Climatic Optimum (MCO; ~16.9–14.7 million years ago, Ma), which was followed by Antarctic glaciation and global cooling during the middle Miocene Climate transition (MMCT; 14.7–13.8 Ma). Four decades ago, Haq (1980, https://doi.org.10.2307/1485353) already related migration patterns of low‐latitude versus high‐latitude calcareous nannoplankton in the Atlantic Ocean to major climatic fluctuations during the Miocene. Here, we detail and discuss the macroevolutionary patterns and processes across the middle Miocene (~16.5–11 Ma) at five deep sea sites on a north‐south transect in the Atlantic Ocean (57°N to 28°S). We show that the major cooling step toward the modern “icehouse” world impacted coccolithophore communities at all latitudes. Contrary to previous observations suggesting that tropical sites showed little change and that midlatitudes were the most sensitive recorders of climate change across the MMCT, we show that all sites recorded a marked diversification and increase in abundance of reticulofenestrids. Global cooling and related increased meridional overturning circulation are implicated as likely forcings for this macroevolutionary step toward establishing modern coccolithophore communities that are dominated by eurythermal and eurytrophic species such as Emiliania huxleyi.
Algorithmic Colonization of Africa

We live in a world where technological corporations hold unprecedented power and influence. Technological solutions to social, political, and economic challenges are rampant. In the Global South, technology that is developed with Western perspectives, values, and interests is imported with little regulation or critical scrutiny. This work examines how Western tech monopolies, with their desire to dominate, control and influence social, political, and cultural discourse, share common characteristics with traditional colonialism. However, while traditional colonialism is driven by political and government forces, algorithmic colonialism is driven by corporate agendas. While the former used brute force domination, colonialism in the age of AI takes the form of ‘state-of-the-art algorithms’ and ‘AI driven solutions’ to social problems. Not only is Western-developed AI unfit for African problems, the West’s algorithmic invasion simultaneously impoverishes development of local products while also leaving the continent dependent on Western software and infrastructure. By drawing examples from various parts of the continent, this paper illustrates how the AI invasion of Africa echoes colonial era exploitation. This paper then concludes by outlining a vision of AI rooted in local community needs and interests.
Locally forced convection in subkilometre‐scale simulations with the Unified Model and WRF

This study evaluates the performance and benefits of kilometre‐ and subkilometre‐scale convection‐permitting simulations over tropical Australia. Focusing on an extended monsoon break period, we can directly compare Unified Model (UM) and Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF) simulations to C‐band polarimetric radar observations and soundings. We show that the two models have different behaviour, and both are different to observations. Whereas WRF produces daily squall lines whether or not they occurred in observations, the UM primarily generates small but intense storms. The UM and WRF produce qualitatively different surface density currents at different times in the diurnal cycle. Once the density currents are present, the models also show different behaviour in relation to convective initiation. While higher resolution helps in the distribution of total precipitation over the domain, most characteristics do not change with higher resolutions, and model differences are always larger than resolution differences. While Convective Available Potential Energy/Convective Inhibition (CAPE/CIN) does not seem to be important to explain model differences, our findings point to the evolution of density currents in the boundary layer as the most important source of model errors and differences.
Analysis of Curriculum Implementation Effectiveness and Influencing Factors Under Inter-School Study Mode

As a new model of "Internet + Education", inter-university study has played a huge role in sharing university resources and providing personalized learning. However, inter-school study is still in the development stage, and there are still factors in the model that affect the improvement of teaching quality and professional ability. To this end, starting from the implementation effect of inter-school learning, taking curriculum satisfaction and professional improvement as two indicators to measure the effectiveness, and analyzing the factors affecting the implementation of curriculum in the process of inter-school learning from the four dimensions of students, teachers, courses, and platforms Then, from the perspective of feedback, suggestions and measures for optimizing the inter-school study mode, improving the quality of courses and improving the professional ability of students are put forward.
COVID-XNet: A Custom Deep Learning System to Diagnose and Locate COVID-19 in Chest X-ray Images

The COVID-19 pandemic caused by the new coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 has changed the world as we know it. An early diagnosis is crucial in order to prevent new outbreaks and control its rapid spread. Medical imaging techniques, such as X-ray or chest computed tomography, are commonly used for this purpose due to their reliability for COVID-19 diagnosis. Computer-aided diagnosis systems could play an essential role in aiding radiologists in the screening process. In this work, a novel Deep Learning-based system, called COVID-XNet, is presented for COVID-19 diagnosis in chest X-ray images. The proposed system performs a set of preprocessing algorithms to the input images for variability reduction and contrast enhancement, which are then fed to a custom Convolutional Neural Network in order to extract relevant features and perform the classification between COVID-19 and normal cases. The system is trained and validated using a 5-fold cross-validation scheme, achieving an average accuracy of 94.43% and an AUC of 0.988. The output of the system can be visualized using Class Activation Maps, highlighting the main findings for COVID-19 in X-ray images. These promising results indicate that COVID-XNet could be used as a tool to aid radiologists and contribute to the fight against COVID-19.
The Taphonomy of Plant and Livestock Dung Microfossils: An Ethnoarchaeological and Experimental Approach

ABSTRACT This study examines the contribution of ethnoarchaeological and experimental research to interdisciplinary approaches on the identification and taphonomy of livestock dung. Ethnographic and experimental records provide comparative reference models on a range of taphonomic issues that are still understudied, such as variation in the type and preservation of plant and faecal microfossils that are excreted with dung and the effects of heating. The focus in the present study is on the taphonomy of ingested phytoliths and calcitic spherulites that originate in the digestive tracts of cattle, sheep and goat found in fresh modern dung pellets. The reported records are from the modern farming village of Bestansur, Iraqi Kurdistan. The experimental results show significant changes in microfossil composition and phytolith and spherulite stability and integrity, with increased melting of phytoliths and variations in morphotype composition (e.g. grass short cells appear less stable) from heating at temperatures around 800°C, whereas the spherulite darkening occurs within a range between 500–700°C, with a maximum production at 650°C. This integrated approach illustrates the contribution of the much-needed ethnographic and experimental records of animal dung to understanding of taphonomic issues, which are fundamental for the interpretation of this valuable microfossil material in archaeology.
Utilization of postnatal care services in a rural area of Nalgonda district, Telangana state, India

Background: Promoting women’s health improves not only individual health but also the health of the family, community and the nation. Less attention was given for postnatal period in developing countries; women and their newborns don’t receive postnatal care services from a skilled birth attendant during the first days after childbirth. The objective was to study utilization of postnatal care services by recently delivered mothers, to study the geographical accessibility factors influencing utilization of postnatal care services and to study healthcare provider factors influencing utilization of post natal care services.Methods: It was a community based cross sectional study conducted in Cherlapally and villages around, which constitute the rural field practice area of Department of SPM, Kamineni Institute of Medical Sciences, Narketpally Telangana from September 2012 to October 2014. A pre-designed and pre-tested questionnaire was used to collect the data. The data was compiled and analyzed using SPSS version 19.Results: Accordingly, 97.9% of the mothers received postnatal care and 2.7% mothers didn’t receive the postnatal care. In the present study post natal advice was received by 67.8%, 82.2% and 55.1% of mothers regarding family planning, breast feeding and baby care respectively. Majority (79.9%) of mothers travelled greater than 5 kms for delivery and only 20.1% of mothers travelled less than 5 kms for delivery.Conclusions: Number of institutional deliveries and deliveries assisted by skilled health personnel were more compared to other studies probably because of awareness created during antenatal visits, maternity benefit scheme and role of ASHA workers.
Moderating Effects of Student Motivation on the Relationship between Learning Styles and Student Engagement

This research examined both the relationship and the effects of learning styles and student engagement at three selected Universiti Teknologi MARA, (UiTM) Malaysia state campuses using the VARK learning style model. The effects of students’ learning styles and their relationships to classroom engagement were analyzed. Three categories of students’ majors which were Social Science (SS), Technical Science (TS) and Pure Science (PS) were segregated to identify the moderating effects of student motivation on the relationship between learning styles and student engagement. The results revealed that only visual learning style was found to influence all three dimensions (behavioral, cognitive and emotional) elements of student engagement. These results also showed that visual learners had higher classroom engagement as opposed to both auditory and kinesthetic learners. It was also reported that all elements of student motivation (achievement, recognition, relationship with peers and relationship with lecturers) did significantly moderate the relationship between learning styles and student engagement. It is recommended that instructors should employ varieties of teaching methods to encourage student engagement according to their fields of study. It is further suggested that motivation should be enriched among students to yield higher student classroom engagement. Keywords: Homogenous Group, Learning Styles, Student Engagement, University Students,
Psychosocial consequences of diagnosing nonspecific low-back pain radiologically: a qualitative study

ABSTRACT Background Chronic low back pain (CLBP) is a complex biopsychosocial problem with financial implications for society. Most LBP is categorized as nonspecific CLBP (NS-CLBP); magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is increasingly used in the investigation of LBP but has a high false-positive rate for NS-CLBP. Purpose To explore the psychosocial factors associated with diagnosing NS-CLBP by MRI in Saudi Arabia. Methods Using a qualitative design, 11 patients with CLBP without a clear medical diagnosis who had received an MRI scan were interviewed using a semi-structured technique, and transcripts were analyzed using framework analysis. Results Four themes of relevance to the psychosocial consequences of using MRI to diagnose CLBP were identified: 1) impact on social participation after MRI diagnosis; 2) psychological impact of MRI diagnosis; 3) conflicting advice; and 4) patient education. Although some patients expressed a sense of relief following the identification of an objective explanation of their symptoms by MRI, a number of negative consequences were also identified. In particular, fear-avoidance behavior and anxiety were apparent. Conclusion The use of MRI scanning in the diagnosis of LBP may lead to psychosocial factors influencing participation in physical and social daily activities.
Immunostimulatory effects of dietary poly-β-hydroxybutyrate in European sea bass postlarvae

The stable production of high-quality fry in marine aquaculture is still hampered by unpredictable mortality caused by infectious diseases during larval rearing. Consequently, the development of new biocontrol agents is crucial for a viable aquaculture industry. The bacterial energy storage compound poly-β-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) has been shown to exhibit beneficial properties on aquatic organisms such as enhanced survival, growth, disease resistance and a controlling effect on the gastrointestinal microbiota. However, the effect of PHB on the developing immune system of fish larvae has so far not been investigated. In this study, the effect of feeding PHB-enriched Artemia nauplii on survival, growth and immune response in European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) postlarvae was examined. Amorphous PHB was administered to 28-day-old sea bass postlarvae over a period of 10 days. The survival and growth performance were monitored, and the expression of 29 genes involved in immunity, growth, metabolism and stress-response was measured. While the expression of the insulin-like growth factor 1 (igf1), an indicator of relative growth, was upregulated in response to feeding PHB, the larval survival and growth performance remained unaffected. After 10 days of PHB treatment, the expression of the antimicrobial peptides dicentracin (dic) and hepcidin (hep) as well as mhc class IIa and mhc class IIb was elevated in the PHB fed postlarvae. This indicates that PHB is capable of stimulating the immune system of fish early life stages, which may be the cause of the increased resistance to diseases and robustness observed in previous studies.
A multigroup analysis of family climate and volunteering: The mediating role of parental conversations in emerging adulthood

Abstract The current study aims to examine the predictive role of family climate (relatedness in family, cognitive cohesion, and intergenerational authority) in volunteering through conversations with parents in emerging adulthood while also considering the effects of gender. A total of 507 emerging adults reported their participation in volunteering, perceptions of family climate, and frequency of conversations with their parents about volunteering. Results of the structural equation modeling showed that even though relatedness in family and cognitive cohesion predicted emerging adults’ volunteering, the mediating roles of parental conversations with mothers and fathers differed based on family climate domains. Intergenerational authority did not yield any significant effects. Multigroup analysis revealed that participants’ gender did not affect these family processes. The findings implied that a positive family climate was indirectly influential in promoting emerging adults’ participation in volunteering by providing them an open environment to share their views on societal issues.
MOTIVASI BELAJAR MAHASISWA PADA PEMBELAJARAN DARING SELAMA PANDEMIK COVID-19

Motivation is an important factor in the success of learning, including online learning. This study aims to explain in detail how the objective motivational conditions experienced by students in online learning during the Covid-19 pandemic. This study uses a quantitative approach with a survey method. The study was conducted at Universitas Kuningan involving 80 sixth semester students in the Elementary School Teacher Education study program. Data collection techniques in this study using survey technique with a Likert scale. Survey is made in google form so that it is easily accessible by students. The data analysis is to use a percentage of data, then interpret the presentation score and analyze it in depth. The results of this study indicate that the learning motivation of sixth semester students of the elementary school teacher education program at Universitas Kuningan is very good, it was obtained from the percentage of motivation score of 80.27%. This study is expected to be an evaluation of various parties in organizing online learning in higher education, especially those involving motivation in it, this research is also expected to be a study material for other researchers in analyzing and developing student learning motivation in online learning during emergencies in higher education.
Having a whale of a time: Linking self-determination theory (SDT), job characteristics model (JCM) and motivation to the joy of gig work

Abstract The increasing uberization of work has emerged as an intrinsic part of our digitalized society, allowing opportunities for unbridled success for global firms using gig work. The purpose of the present study is to investigate the integrative effect of self-determination and job characteristics on the joy of gig work with the mediating influence of gig worker’s motivation (intrinsic and extrinsic). Survey data was collected from 250 gig workers representing two multinational ride-sharing services. The study used partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) technique to empirically test the conceptualized model and hypothesized relationships. The study findings provide empirical evidence to present that joy of gig work is largely affected by gig worker’s self-determination and job characteristics. Moreover, gig worker’s motivation (intrinsic and extrinsic) significantly mediates the relationship between self-determination and joy of gig work, as well as job characteristics and joy of gig work. This research creates the basis for future investigations that examine the direct and indirect associations between self-determination, job characteristics, motivation, and joy of gig work. The practical implications for global firms include a better understanding of the business value of the joy of work, especially in gig-work environments.