Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Evidence Linking Stunting to Economic Outcomes in the SAARC Region: A Systematic Review

Background: At present, South Asian Association for Regional Coorporation (SAARC) countries have tremendous pressure on child stunting along with the impact it is making on economic growth. World Health Organization (WHO), United Nations International Children’s Emergency Fund (UNICEF), and The World Bank (WB) have emphasized for this region to reduce stunting by 40%. The objective of this paper is to analyze the impact of stunting on economic outcomes in SAARC countries so that to scale up policies and programs aiming to reduce child stunting. Methods: The systematic review has assessed five international databases; PubMed, JSTOR, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and CINAHL Plus for published, unpublished, and ongoing research till the year 2020. Grey literature is searched using Google Scholar and Google search engines. The systematic review registration number in PROSPERO is CRD42021230279. Results: Thirty-three (33) studies matched the criteria. Most quantitative studies link stunting with economic repercussions. Three investigations found no or a weak link between the two. Nutritional intervention synthesis predicts a 12 percent return, a 5:1-6:1 benefit-cost ratio, and a 14mm height gain. A 1 cm increase in height increases pays by 4% for men and 6% for women. Stunting caused a 5%-7% income penalty and lower lifetime pay. Studies show that a 10% increase in agricultural growth reduces stunting by 9.6%, while a 10% increase in non-agricultural growth reduces stunting by 8.4%. Conclusion: To reduce stunting prevalence, policies should be scaled up, as well as targeted and structural interventions are needed.
On Kuramochi's function-theoretic separative metrics on Riemann surfaces

In order to extend Fatou's and Beurling's theorems to arbitrary Riemann surfaces, Z. Kuramochi introduced ([4]; also see [5] and [7]) two notions of function-theoretic separative metrics, i.e., H. B. and H. D. separative metrics. Since extended Fatou's and Beurling's theorems are stated in terms of compactifications of an open Riemann surface, we shall define separative compactifications rather than separative metrics. In this paper we shall give necessary and sufficient conditions for a compactification to be H. B. or H. D. separative, in terms of the Wiener or the Royden compactification, respectively. Our characterizations are given in a simple form compared with the original definition by Z. Kuramochi and may make it easier to comprehend the meaning of these notions. In §1, we shall discuss compactifications of a hyperbolic Riemann surface R. §2 (resp. §3) is devoted to the study of harmonic measures (resp. capacitary potentials) which were defined by Z. Kuramochi (Q3]). We shall investigate their properties on the Wiener or the Royden boundary of R. In §4 (resp. §5), we shall give our main theorems en H. B. (resp. H. D.) separative compactifications and study the relation between H. B. and H. D. separative compactifications (§5). As an application, we shall show in §6: 1) for Fatou's theorem, Kuramochi's result ([4], [5], [7]) and Constantinescu and Cornea's result (Satz 14.4 in [2J) are equivalent; 2) for Beurling's theorem, Kuramochi's result ( M , [5], [7]) is independent of a similar result by Constantinescu and Cornea (Satz 18.1 in [2]).
Studying and Modelling the Complete Gravitational-Wave Signal from Precessing Black Hole Binaries

The coalescence of two stellar mass black holes is regarded as one of the most promising sources for the first gravitational-wave (GW) detection with ground-based detectors. The current detection strategies, however, rely on theoretical knowledge of the gravitational waveforms. It is therefore crucial to obtain an accurate and complete description of the GW signal. This thesis concerns the description of precessing black holes. Misalignment between the orbital angular momentum and the spin angular momenta of the two black holes induces precession, leading to complex dynamics that leaves a direct imprint on the GW. Additionally, the evolution of the binary depends on the mass ratio and both spins spanning a sevendimensional intrinsic parameter space. This makes it difficult to obtain a simple, closed-form description of the waveform through inspiral, merger and ringdown. We are therefore interested in 1) developing a conceptually intuitive framework to systematically model precessing waveforms and 2) exploring the possibility of representing the seven-dimensional parameter space by a lower-dimensional subset. First, we introduce an accelerated frame of reference, which allows us to track the precession of the orbital plane. We then analyse the waveforms in this co-precessing frame resulting in an approximate decoupling between the inspiral and precession dynamics. This leads to the important identification of the inspiral rate of a precessing binary with the inspiral rate of an aligned-spin binary. Based on this decoupling, we develop a general framework to construct precessing waveforms by \twisting up" an aligned-spin waveform with a model for the precession dynamics. In general, precession depends on all seven intrinsic physical parameters, which complicates modelling efforts. However, we find a parameter-reduced representation of the dynamics, which allows us to produce a first closed-form description of the complete waveforms of precessing black-hole binaries within this general and easy-to-grasp fram
Ergonomic hazards among rag pickers in India: an analytical study

Abstract The aim of the study was to identify the work-related ergonomic hazards experienced by the rag pickers. Multi-stage random sampling technique was used for selecting the sample. Tools used to conduct the study comprised of general information, rating scale for assessing intensity of discomfort, and Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire. The statistical analysis of the quantitative variables was performed using SPSS software program, v20.0. Research revealed that rag pickers experienced severe pain in lower back (65%), followed by upper back (52.5%), feet (47%), and hands (43%). Older rag pickers, between 55 and 65 age groups, reported more discomfort or pain in backache and knee (µ = 2.00), as compared to other age groups. This may be due to the reason that with age, bones become weak and the strength of the muscles also reduces, and since they are involved in the work. Rag pickers experience many work-related ergonomic problems, and these problems are associated with various risk factors such as working experiences and age. Frequent bending, standing, and carrying heavy loads on the back increased these problems. To lighten the load of ergonomic problems, preventive and curative approaches are strongly suggested. Ergonomics and safe practices must also be established to reduce work-related vulnerabilities.
The information content of bond rating changes and insider trading in Korea

ABSTRACT This study examines differences in insider groups’ trading behaviours based on their characteristics. We use data on high-frequency insider trading and Korean bond rating change announcements. We find that insiders actively exploit their information advantage, and their transaction behaviour differs based on their position (e.g., blockholders, executives, or largest shareholders). In particular, the largest shareholders are usually the most informed traders among insiders. Our results indicate that market participants can use insider trading as an informative signal to make investment decisions.
Is it essential to recognize the gonial angle in orthodontics using panoramic radiography?

Background: In orthodontic therapy as well as the craniofacial complex, the outside gonial Angle is a critical angle. Because lateral cephalometric radiographs show superimposed representations of anatomical structures, including gonial angle; The purpose of this research would have been to compare panoramic as well as lateral cephalometric radiographs in order to evaluate gonial angle within angle classifying. Materials and Methods: The current study included 64 individuals (29 males and 35 females) ranging in age from 15 to 30 years. The individuals have been chosen retrospectively from the dental and skeletal Classes I, II, as well as III malocclusion groups. Mandibular as well as Ramal planes have been drawn then based on these planes that used a lateral cephalometric radiograph. To calculate the gonial angle, two tangents had been derived from the mandible lower border, the condyle's posterior margins, in addition the ramus on individually sides of panoramic radiographs. The variations between the three angle groups have been examined using several pairwise comparisons (ANOVA). Results: There have been no significant variations in gonial angles evaluated using lateral cephalometric radiography as well as panoramic radiography between the Classes I, II, as well as III malocclusion groups (P>0.05).
Knowledge, attitude and practice of healthcare ethics among final year medical and nursing students at a college in South India

Introduction and Aim: The basic knowledge about health care ethics is very much necessary for both medical and nursing students before they start dealing with patients. The aim of the study is to assess the knowledge of, attitude and practice of health care ethics among final year medical and nursing students and to compare the same among these students. Methodology: The cross sectional study was done using a validated questionnaire on 75 students each from final year MBBS and nursing. The collected data was interpreted using appropriate statistical methods like percentages, proportions. Chi square test was used for comparison, p<0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The medical and nursing students included in our study had significant knowledge about medical ethics like autonomy where there is respect to patient and his decisions regarding treatment plans. The students lacked sensitivity on issues of paternalism. Majority of respondents also felt that any wrong doing by health care professional should be conveyed to the patient. Respondents had inclination towards learning ethics and wanted it in their respective curriculum. Conclusion: This study demonstrates the paucity in knowledge of health care ethics among medical and nursing students. Respondents had an inclination to study ethics of health care.
Number of Response Options, Reliability, Validity, and Potential Bias in the Use of the Likert Scale Education and Social Science Research: A Literature Review

This study reviews 60 papers using a Likert scale and published between 2012 – 2021. Screening for literature review uses the PRISMA method. The data analysis technique was carried out through data extraction, then synthesized in a structured manner using the narrative method. To achieve credible research results at the stage of the data collection and data analysis process, a group discussion forum (FGD) was conducted. The findings show that only 10% of studies use a measurement scale with an even answer choice category (4, 6, 8, or 10 choices). In general, (90%) of research uses a measurement instrument that involves a Likert scale with odd response choices (5, 7, 9, or 11) and the most popular researchers use a Likert scale with a total response of 5 points. The use of a rating scale with an odd number of responses of more than five points (especially on a seven-point scale) is the most effective in terms of reliability and validity coefficients, but if the researcher wants to direct respondents to one side, then a scale with an even number of responses (six points) is possible. more suitable. The presence of response bias and central tendency bias can affect the validity and reliability of the use of the Likert scale instrument.
Relative dose-response from solid-state and gel dosimeters through Monte Carlo simulations

The present work compared the relative absorbed dose of some dosimetric materials, for energies of 250 kV and 6 MV, using PENELOPE and MNCPX codes. The composition of each material GD-301, TLD-100, MAGIC, and MAGAT were simulated and disposed of in a phantom filled with water following reference conditions recommended by the TRS-398 protocol. Percentage depth dose was used as a parameter of comparison. Since the obtained results with both codes were found a maximum difference of up to 2 % when compared the water material with experimental data before 6cm were found to a maximum difference of up to 2.2% for 6 MV and 5.5 % for 250 kV. Ratios between simulated PPD and experimental PDD values showed a maximum difference in the build-up region, for 6 MV, due to highsensitivityive from the incident fluency in the simulated and experimental conditions. The ratios for 250 kV showed significant differences from the simulated solid-state rather than gel dosimeters, due to its low energy, depth angular dependence from the solid-state dosimeter, as corroborating by literature. Even the differences showed for both codes, especially for lower energy, due to cross-the section database that implied the interaction probability for each Monte Carlo code, this method has been widely used to model radiation transport in several applications in medical physics, especially in dosimetry.
Critical Velocity Experimental Assessment in Flat Plate Fuel Element for Nuclear Research Reactor

Aluminum-coated plates, containing a uranium silicide (U3Si2) meat dispersed in an aluminum matrix, are commonly used in the fuel elements of Material Testing Reactors (MTRs). These fuel elements are typically comprised of narrow channels formed by parallel flat plates, which allow coolant flow to remove the heat of fission reactions. It is important to mention that the thickness of the plates is much smaller than their width and height. The high flow rates needed to ensure efficient fuel-element cooling may cause fuel-plate mechanical failures due to instability induced by the flow in the channels. In the case of critical velocity, excessive permanent deflections of these plates can cause blockage of the flow channels and lead to overheating. An experimental facility that simulates a plate-like fuel element with three coolant channels was developed for this work. The test-section dimensions were based on the Fuel Element design of the Brazilian Multipurpose Reactor (RMB), project being coordinated by the National Commission of Nuclear Energy (CNEN). Experiments were performed to reach Miller's critical velocity condition. This critical condition was reached at 14.5 m/s leading to consequent plastic deformation of the fuel plates
Experimental investigation of nanosecond discharge plasma aerodynamic actuation

In this paper we report on an experimental study of the characteristics of nanosecond pulsed discharge plasma aerodynamic actuation. The N2 (C3Πu) rotational and vibrational temperatures are around 430 K and 0.24 eV, respectively. The emission intensity ratio between the first negative system and the second positive system of N2, as a rough indicator of the temporally and spatially averaged electron energy, has a minor dependence on applied voltage amplitude. The induced flow direction is not parallel, but vertical to the dielectric layer surface, as shown by measurements of body force, velocity, and vorticity. Nanosecond discharge plasma aerodynamic actuation is effective in airfoil flow separation control at freestream speeds up to 100 m/s.
Service properties of pine after combining an impregnation treatment with a thermo-hydro modification process

ABSTRACT The aim of the present research was to obtain a wood material with improved service properties, by combining two industrially used processes – namely a thermo-hydro treatment (THT) and an impregnation (Imp) with a commercial biocide – through the application of both a lower preservative retention and lower modification temperature, respectively. In the study, specimens from Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) sapwood were used. The properties of the wood obtained with the sequence Imp-THT were extensively studied. Impregnation was performed in a pilot scale autoclave by a vacuum-pressure-vacuum process using a copper-azole type wood preservative, whilst THT was carried out in a WTT laboratory pilot device in a water vapour medium under elevated pressure. To improve physical properties while maintaining strength properties, the THT regime 160°C/1 h was used. The properties (strength, swelling, water uptake, colour, biocide (Cu) fixation properties as well as bioresistance to rot fungus) of combined treated pine wood were compared with those of the wood obtained in the respective separate processes.
Modeling the confined compressive strength of CFRP-jacketed noncircular concrete columns using artificial intelligence techniques

Abstract In this paper, an extensive literature search has been employed to extract multiple data on the confined compressive strength of carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) concrete columns with noncircular cross-sections. The values collected are related to width (b), length (h), radius of corner (r), thickness of fiber (t), unconfined concrete strength (f’co), tensile strength of fiber (ftf), elastic modulus of fiber (Ef) and the confined strength of the CFRP-jacketed concrete columns (f’cc). The database was used to propose predictive models by artificial neural network (ANN-BP, -GA & -GRG), genetic programming (GP) and the evolutionary polynomial regression (EPR) techniques. The sum of squares errors (SSE), root mean square errors (RMSE) and coefficient determination (R2) performance indices were used to evaluate the performance accuracy and efficiency of the models. At the end of the exercise, the GP and EPR produced closed form equation with performance indices of 0.623 (28%) and 0.815 (20.9%), respectively, and these did not come close to the performance of ANN-BP, -GRG and GA which performed in that order with 0.967 (9.4%), 0.960 (10.3%) and 0.957 (10.6%), respectively. Last, the relative importance of the parameters conducted showed that f’co has the greatest influence on the f’cc of the concrete structure.
Studies on the safety profiles of a Siddha preparation -Thirithodamathirai

Introduction and Aim: Thirithodamathirai (TTM)is aherbo metallic formulation of Siddha system of medicine also called as Veeramathirai or Mukkutra mathirai. Therapeutically it is recommended for all types of fever, delirium, and lung infections. It has only two ingredients namely veeram(Mercuric chloride,20%)and pepper seeds (80%). In this study, Veeram was detoxified and the test sample Thirithodamathirai prepared as per the instruction given in the classical siddha text Siddha vaithiyathirattu. It is a highly poisonous substance and if prepared improperly will have toxic effects. Materials and Methods: Plant materials used to detoxify the toxic effect of veeram are bitter gourd, milk, lemon juice and tender coconut. In the present study, the method using lemon juice was used in the detoxification procedure. After detoxification, veeramwas used in preparing the mathirai. This research work focuses on studying the safety profiles of Thirithoda mathirai by carrying out in vivo single dose toxicity studies in female Wistar rats. Thirithoda mathirai was dissolved in purified water, was administered to the experimental animals at a dose level of 50, 300 and 2000 mg/kg body weight and were observed for 14 days. Results:Single dose oral administration of the mathirai at a dose of 50 mg/kg caused no harmful toxic effects on the body mass / body weight changes and food intake in Thirithodamathirai treated female rats. Dose levels of 300 and 2000 mg/kg showed 33.3 and 100% mortality respectively. Conclusion:The acute oral LD50 of Thirithodamathirai for Wistar rats was observed to be 500mg/kg body weight.
Ferroptosis‐modulating small molecules for targeting drug‐resistant cancer: Challenges and opportunities in manipulating redox signaling

Ferroptosis is an iron‐dependent cell death program that is characterized by excessive lipid peroxidation. Triggering ferroptosis has been proposed as a promising strategy to fight cancer and overcome drug resistance in antitumor therapy. Understanding the molecular interactions and structural features of ferroptosis‐inducing compounds might therefore open the door to efficient pharmacological strategies against aggressive, metastatic, and therapy‐resistant cancer. We here summarize the molecular mechanisms and structural requirements of ferroptosis‐inducing small molecules that target central players in ferroptosis. Focus is placed on (i) glutathione peroxidase (GPX) 4, the only GPX isoenzyme that detoxifies complex membrane‐bound lipid hydroperoxides, (ii) the cystine/glutamate antiporter system Xc− that is central for glutathione regeneration, (iii) the redox‐protective transcription factor nuclear factor erythroid 2‐related factor (NRF2), and (iv) GPX4 repression in combination with induced heme degradation via heme oxygenase‐1. We deduce common features for efficient ferroptotic activity and highlight challenges in drug development. Moreover, we critically discuss the potential of natural products as ferroptosis‐inducing lead structures and provide a comprehensive overview of structurally diverse biogenic and bioinspired small molecules that trigger ferroptosis via iron oxidation, inhibition of the thioredoxin/thioredoxin reductase system or less defined modes of action.
Analysis of cardiac manifestation and treatment of multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children related to SARS-CoV-2

Cardiovascular (CV) manifestations are common (35%–100%) in the multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children. Our study aimed to analyze treatment impact and CV involvement in patients with multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children. The retrospective cohort included 81 patients treated between April 2020 and December 2021 (9.3 ± 4.6 years). Elevated cardiac troponin I and pro-B-type natriuretic peptide were observed in 34.2% and 88.5% of patients, respectively. Myocardial dysfunction was observed in 50.6%. Children older than 10 years had a 4-fold increased risk of myocardial dysfunction (odds ratio [OR] 3.6, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.4–8.9; p ═ 0.006). A moderate negative correlation was proved between left ventricular ejection fraction and C-reactive protein (rr ═ −0.48; p < 0.001). More than one-fifth of the patients presented with shock. Coronary artery dilatation was observed in 6.2% of patients. Mild pericardial effusion was detected in 27.1% of children. On standard electrocardiogram, 52.6% of children had negative T waves in the inferior and/or precordial leads; transient QTc prolongation was registered in 43% of patients. Treatment failure was observed in 19 patients. Patients initially treated with intravenous immunoglobulins had 10-fold higher chances for treatment failure than patients treated with corticosteroids (OR 10.6, 95% CI 3.18–35.35; p < 0.001). CV manifestations were observed in more than half of the patients, with acute myocardial dysfunction being the most common, especially in children older than 10 years. We established a negative association between the degree of elevation of inflammatory markers and left ventricular ejection fraction. Patients treated with intravenous immunoglobulins who had CV manifestations had treatment failures more frequently than patients treated with corticosteroids.