Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Geochronology of Blueschists from West-Central Baja California and the Timing of Uplift in Subduction Complexes

A geochronologic study of blueschists from west-central Baja California has provided constraints on the timing of high-pressure, low-temperature metamorphism and the subsequent uplift of this subduction complex. Mineral separates from coherent blueschists and blueschist blocks enclosed in serpentinite melange were analyzed by $$^{40}Ar/^{39}Ar$$, fission track, and Rb/Sr methods. $$^{40}Ar/^{39}Ar$$ age spectra for white mica separated from four blueschist blocks and an overprinted eclogite block in serpentinite-matrix melange show slow cooling gradients between 115-95 Ma. Rb/Sr apparent ages for one block are concordant with these results. $$^{40}Ar/^{39}Ar$$ ages of blue amphibole are primarily the result of the degassing of white mica intergrowths as confirmed by microprobe analyses. Apatite fission track ages indicate a blueschist block and an eclogite block cooled to a temperature below ~100°C at 22 Ma and 32 Ma, respectively. Subduction-related metamorphism of the coherent blueschists occurred in late Early Cretaceous time, based on a $$^{40}Ar/^{39}Ar$$ age of 109 Ma for metamorphic white mica from a metasandstone. $$^{40}Ar/^{39}Ar$$ analysis of partially albitized K-feldspar from a plutonic clast in a metaconglomerate indicates this sample cooled to a temperature of ~145°C at approximately 20 Ma. Geochronologic and petrologic data for coherent blueschists indicate an average uplift rate of 0.1 mm/yr for one portion of the subduction complex. The relatively slow uplift rate and lack of any higher temperature overprinting assemblages in the coherent blueschists suggest that synsubduction uplift was gradual and proceeded through a dynamic accretionary wedge characterized by low geothermal gradients. An increase in uplift rate (to 1.0 mm/yr) during post-Miocene time coincides with a change from a convergent to a transform plate boundary.
How gamifying AI shapes customer motivation, engagement, and purchase behavior

Recently, firms started to gamify conversational artificial intelligence (AI) agents, such as chatbots, to improve purchase outcomes. This article explores strategies for incorporating gamification into AI systems by investigating the impact of utilitarian and hedonic motivations facilitated by gamified chatbots on various dimensions of customer engagement (cognitive, emotional, and behavioral), as well as the subsequent effects of these dimensions on customers' purchase behavior. By conducting one cross‐sectional and two experimental studies involving real interactions with gamified chatbots, this research identifies two crucial paths that warrant attention: an optimal path from hedonic motivation to behavioral engagement, resulting in enhanced purchase, and a detrimental path from utilitarian motivation to emotional engagement, which reduces purchase. Furthermore, the research compares the effects of two types of gamified chatbots and reveals that a game‐of‐chance‐based chatbot, as opposed to a knowledge‐sharing gamified chatbot, aligns with the optimal path, leading to higher purchasing while at the same time avoiding that customers feel obligated to play the game. Based on these findings, the article provides actionable insights for eliciting favorable psychological and behavioral responses through gamified AI interactions.
A drop in upper tropospheric humidity in autumn 2001, as derived from radiosonde measurements at Uccle, Belgium

[1] Simulations of climate models predict a doubling of the amount of upper tropospheric water vapor by the end of this century, caused by the increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases. Observations indicate that the tropopause height has increased by several hundred meters since 1979. In this paper, we verify and link these two results by carrying out a time series analysis on a uniform database of corrected radiosonde vertical profiles gathered at Uccle, Belgium, and covering the 1990–2007 time period. The most remarkable finding of this trend analysis is a significant drop in upper tropospheric humidity (UTH) around autumn 2001, which marks an end to the upper tropospheric moistening of the precedent decade. This UTH drop in autumn 2001 coexists with a sudden lifting and cooling of the tropopause and with a significant stretch-out of the free troposphere. Therefore, we conclude that these autumn 2001 trends are certainly associated with the dynamical behavior of the troposphere, triggered by the surface warming. Links with the solar variability and the lower stratosphere were investigated but could not be established definitely.
Motion of Oscillatory Currents Past Isolated Topography

Abstract With the aim of developing increasingly realistic physical models of the interaction of ocean currents with isolated seamounts, laboratory experiments concerning the flow of an oscillatory current past a cosine-squared body of revolution in the presence of background rotation and stratification are considered. The pertinent parameters governing the motion are the Rossby, temporal Rossby, Burger and Ekman numbers, the ratio of the magnitude of the oscillatory velocity component to the mean current and various geometrical parameters. With the exception that the present experiments distort the vertical coordinate, the studies are conducted in regions of parameter space of relevance to the real ocean; future communications will investigate relatively undistorted geometries. The experiments demonstrate that three fundamentally different flow regimes can be identified and that these are highly sensitive to the value of the Rossby number, Ro. These include, (i) at low Ro a regime in which the flow is fu.
The differences in cellulolytic activity of the Arctic soils of Calypsostranda, Spitsbergen

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to determine the differences in cellulolytic activity of soils around the coastal lowlands of the southwestern part of Wedel Jarlsberg Land (west Spitsbergen). Two positions (Calypso and Skilvika) representing typical soil types in this area were chosen for investigation. Within the area of Calypso, arctic brown soils formed from loamy sands with a significant addition of coarser gravel and pebble fractions occur. The Skilvika position represents the arctic gley soils of a loamy texture, with significant content of silt, associated with the occurrence of cell grounds created under the strong influence of cryogenic processes. Cellulolytic activity of the soils was determined by a gravimetric method involving estimation of a weight loss of cellulosic material buried in the surface soil horizons. The investigation showed significant differences in the cellulose decomposition rate between the two research locations. The cellulolytic activity of arctic brown soils –0,412–0,656 g*g−1*year−1 during the vegetation season (Olson's k = 0,231–0,563), was twice higher than the activity in the case of Skilvika gley soils –0,185–0,310g*g−1*year−1 during vegetation season (k = 0,089–0,131). This should be attributed, among other factors, to the grain size distribution, thereby determining more favourable water-air conditions of soils within the area of Calypso.
Radial cordierite-bearing orbicular granite formed from the melting of pelitic hornfels in granitic magma, Tsukuba Mountains, Japan

Orbicular granite occurs at Minederayama in the Tsukuba Mountains, Ibaraki Prefecture, Japan. The orbs consist of a migmatitic core, originally pelitic hornfels, and a mantle that consists mainly of radial cordierite containing apatite inclusions and subordinate feldspar and micas. The orientation and size distribution of the orbs indicates that isolated orbs had floated within the host granitic magma. According to the geometrical selection theory of crystal growth, we propose that radial cordierite grew from the orb shells to the orb cores. Melting experiments demonstrate that the mineral assemblage of the orbicular granite reflects the incongruent melting of pelitic hornfels. Important factors in the formation of the orbicular granite are the unmixing between the incongruent melt of cordierite hornfels and host granite melt, and the infiltration of the incongruent melt into the host granite melt as the cordierite crystallized. The temperature of the host granite magma, as estimated from melting experiments and mineral assemblage, was above 730 °C at 0.3 GPa, which may represent superheated conditions for the host granitic magma. Cooling of the host granite magma placed the orbs under supercooled conditions as the radial cordierite grew from the shells of the orbs to the cores.
Evaluación de la capacidad antioxidante y contenido de compuestos fenólicos en recursos vegetales promisorios

The present study evaluated the antioxidant capacity and the content of phenolics compounds in the eatable part of aguaymanto, carambola, tree tomato, yacon, coast tumbo, andean tumbo, noni, camu-camu, being the antioxidant capacity determined by two methods: using ABTS obtaining values from 0,01 to 27,66 mg TE/100g of sample and applying the method DPPH using coefficient of inhibition IC obtaining values from 3,45 to 7057,99 mg/mL, 50 being the camu-camu of major ARP with 289,29 mg/mL-1. The content of total phenolic compounds using the method Folin-Ciocalteu they found values between 2,16 and 2393,72 mg GAE/100g of fresh weight. The concentration of flavonoids and phenolic acid free it was measured by HPLC-RP being the high values of chlorogenic and quercetine 74,21 and 10,13 mg/100 g of fresh weight, respectively, in yacon. The maximum values of other phenolics
Experimental Test of Least-Squares Strain Gage Calculation Using Twinned Calcite

The least-squares strain is computed from calcite twin lamellae in cylinders of Indiana limestone experimentally shortened from 0 to 8.5 percent at 1.0-kb confining pressure, room temperature, and a constant strain rate of 10 −4 /sec. The best fit to the experimental results is obtained by using the inner width of the thick twins and setting the ratio between thin twin width and thick twin width at 0.5. The sum of deviations from the experimental axial strains for the best fitting strain magnitudes is only 0.52 strain in percent. The average accuracy is to within 27 percent of the experimental value. The average angle difference between the experimental and computed principal axes is 6.5°. The calculation technique is considered to be confirmed by these results. Results of the Conel (1962) technique and the version of it modified by Spang and Chappie (1969) are compared to the experimental results. Both techniques produce nearly the same agreement between principal axis directions as the least-squares method does. However, they underestimate the strain magnitudes by factors of 3.6 and 3.0, respectively. The principal axes produced by a numerical dynamic analysis of the data are essentially parallel to the computed principal strain axes.
Characteristics of wintertime daily and extreme minimum temperature over South Korea

In South Korea, consecutive positive temperature anomalies have been observed since the mid‐1980s. The objective of this study is to assess the recent trends in, and variability of, daily minimum temperature over South Korea with particular emphasis on its extremes. Temporal characteristics of wintertime daily and extreme minimum temperature‐related variables were analysed on a seasonal basis for the period of 1958–59 to 2000–01. The results show continually fewer days with extreme low minimum temperature since the mid‐1980s. However, no significant change in the 1 day temperature difference was observed during the same period, indicating little change in the frequency of cold surges. Also, during the period analysed, there is a significant positive trend in the seasonal mean temperature, a negative trend in the frequency of the extreme cold days, and no significant trend in the seasonal occurrence of cold surges.
Influence of water table on carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, and methane fluxes from Taiga Bog microcosms

Hydrological changes, particularly alterations in water table level, may largely overshadow the more direct effects of global temperature increase upon carbon cycling in arctic and subarctic wetlands. Frozen cores (n=40) of intact soils and vegetation were collected from a bog near Fairbanks, Alaska, and fluxes of CO{sub 2}, CH{sub 4}, and Co in response to water table variation were studied under controlled conditions in the Duke University phytotron. Core microcosms thawed to a 20-cm depth over 30 days under a 20 hour photoperiod with a day/night temperature regime of 20/10{degrees}C. After 30 days the water table in 20 microcosms was decreased from the soil surface to -15 cm and maintained at the soil surface in 20 control cores. Outward fluxes of CO{sub 2} (9-16 g m{sup -2}d{sup -1}) and CO (3-4 mg m{sup -2}d{sup -1}) were greatest during early thaw and decreased to near zero for both gases before the water table treatment started. Lower water table tripled CO{sub 2} flux to the atmosphere when compared with control cores. Carbon monoxide was emitted at low rates from high water table cores and consumed by low water table cores. Methane fluxes were low (<1 mg m{sup -2}d{sup -1}) in all coresmore » during thaw. High water table cores increased CH{sub 4} flux to 8-9 mg m{sup -2}d{sup -1} over 70 days and remained high relative to the low water table cores (<0.74 mg m{sup -2}d{sup -1}). Although drying of wetland taiga soils may decrease CH{sub 4} emissions to the atmosphere, the associated increase in CO{sub 2} due to aerobic respiration will likely increase the global warming potential of gas emissions from these soils. 43 refs., 4 figs.« less
Continuous and stepwise thermal demagnetization: are they equivalent?

SUMMARY Continuous thermal demagnetization, in which measurements of magnetization are made at high temperatureT during heating, is considerably faster than the conventional palaeomagnetic method of stepwise demagnetization, in which measurements are made at room temperature T 0 in a series of cooling-reheating cycles. In the case of single-domain (SD) grains, the two methods give equivalent results after the continuous measurements are converted to equivalent room-temperature values by correcting for the reversible decrease of spontaneous magnetization M S between T 0 and T. To test for equivalence of the two methods in larger pseudo-SD and multidomain grains, three different samples containing magnetite of different grain sizes and origins were heated in zero magnetic field and measurements taken either continuously at T during heating or at T 0 after a set of cooling steps from T. Two samples contained 100–125 μm (mean 110 μm) and 125–150 μm (mean 135 μm) sieve fractions from a crushed natural crystal of magnetite, while the third sample is a natural diabase core sample containing coarse magnetite in the dark minerals and groundmass and fine magnetite in the plagioclase. Two different vibrating-sample magnetometers were used for continuous demagnetization and a mini-furnace and SQUID magnetometer were used for stepwise measurements. Both total thermoremanent magnetization (TRM) and partial TRMs with non-overlapping blocking temperatures (T C, T I) and (T I, T 0) were demagnetized. The Thellier laws of partial TRMs are approximately although not exactly obeyed. In M S(T)-corrected continuous data, there is little overlap of unblocking temperatures: pTRM (T C, T I) demagnetizes almost entirely above T I and pTRM (T I, T 0) almost entirely below T I, demonstrating reciprocity and independence. The stepwise measurements decrease more rapidly in intensity with increasing T than the corrected continuous results, some of which increase slightly with heating up to T ≈ T I. Some additional decay of magnetization must occur during cooling from T, where the continuous measurement is made, to T 0, where the stepwise result is measured. There are no high-temperature measurements of subsidiary cooling-heating cycles to confirm this deduction, but continuously recorded heating-cooling cycles below room temperature in inverse thermal demagnetization (or low-temperature demagnetization) show both reversible and irreversible features, depending on the remanence tested. The most important conclusion of this study is that M S(T)-corrected continuous demagnetization results do not exactly reproduce measured stepwise demagnetization results except for very fine grains, of SD size or close to it. Continuous thermal demagnetization cannot be used in general as a time-saving alternative to stepwise demagnetization if exact equivalence is required.
Interaction of an eddy with a continental slope

Abstract : This study concerns the barotropic interactions between a mesoscale eddy and a straight monotonic bottom topography. Through simple to relatively complicated modeling effort, some of the fundamental properties of the interaction are investigated. The fundamental aspects of the interaction are examined using a simple contour dynamics model. With the simplest model configuration of an ideal vortex and a step topography, the basic dynamical features of the observed oceanic eddy-topography interaction are qualitatively reproduced. The results consist of eddy-induced cross-topography exchange, formation of topographic eddies, eddy propagation and generation of topographic waves. A more complicated primitive equation model is used to investigate a mesoscale eddy interacting with an exponential continental shelf/slope topography on both f and beta-planes. The roles of the eddy size and strength and the geometry of topography are studied. It is seen that the multiple anticyclonic eddy-slope interactions strongly affect the total cross-slope volume transport and the evolution of both the original anticyclone and the topographic eddy. Since a cyclone is trapped at the slope and eventually moves on to the slope, it is most effective in causing perturbation on the shelf and slope. The responses on the shelf and slope are mainly wavelike with dispersion relation obeying that of the free shelf-trapped wave modes. It is found that the straight eddy incident is more effective in achieving large onslope eddy penetration distance than the oblique eddy incident.
Effect of Board and Audit Committee Attributes on Earnings Management: Evidence from Listed Non-Financial Firms in Nigeria

This study examines the effect of board and audit committee attributes on earnings management. The study adopts purposive sampling technique. The study carries out robust regression statistical model with a 10-year panel data among 36 listed firms in Nigeria. The data used were sourced from the published annual account and reports of sampled firms listed on the Nigeria Exchange Group. The findings from the study reveal that board size, board independence and financial expertise of women on the board and audit committee diminish earnings management while board expertise show mixed finding as board expertise promotes non-discretionary accrual, its equally diminishes discretionary accruals. The findings of this study imply that board and audit committee attributes are important in dealing with earnings management. From our key findings, the study recommends the inclusion of women with financial expertise on the board and audit committee beyond gender diversity. In contrasts to the present practice, the study recommends the inclusion of more independent directors to the board as against the current practice of non-executive directors as independent directors reduce earnings management.
Relationships between student mobility and academic and behavioural outcomes in Western Australian public primary schools

The number of times children change schools, or student mobility, is associated with multiple adverse outcomes across the life span. This study used administrative data from the Western Australian Department of Education for public primary school students who completed Year 6 between 2016 and 2019 to examine potential associations between student mobility and academic (using National Assessment Program – Literacy and Numeracy [NAPLAN] participation and scores) and behaviour outcomes (measured through school suspensions). The odds of participating (vs. not participating) in NAPLAN were significantly lower for students with high mobility. High mobility students also achieved significantly lower scores, on average, on NAPLAN literacy and numeracy at Year 3 and Year 5 compared with low mobility students. However, there was no evidence of an association between student mobility and school suspensions. These findings highlight the need for action to address substantial academic detriment for mobile students, many of whom are likely to be from lower socio-economic backgrounds. Furthermore, current policies to address academic disadvantage are likely to exclude those students at substantial academic risk and require revision to be appropriately triaged.
The assessment of volcanic gas hazard by means of numerical models: An example from Vulcano Island (Sicily)

Volcanic activity can inject large quantities of gases and aerosols into the atmosphere both during and between eruptions, creating a health risk for the local population. The paper describes how the volcanic gas concentration in the air can be computed by a flow model simulating the wind field over a digital terrain model of the volcano coupled with a Lagrangian particle model that uses the known (measured) gas emission rates to simulate gas dispersion. The coupling provides hazard maps for a number of meteorological conditions, introduced as boundary and initial conditions to the wind flow model, and permits the estimation of the risk both for actual and increased emission rates. An application for Vulcano Island (Sicily, Italy) is presented. According to the results, the risk at Vulcano is mainly related to: i) SO2 from the fumaroles of La Fossa cone; ii) the diffuse soil emission of CO2 from the cone flanks and from the plane around the cone. Although the conclusion is that there is no major hazard for passive degassing at present flux rates, the situation could change in the future. If gaseous emission rates would increase by one order of magnitude above the peak values of a few years ago, the gas concentrations could reach dangerous thresholds for the people of Vulcano Porto village, 1 km NW to the cone.
THROMBOSIS AND HEMOSTASIS Direct oral anticoagulants compared with vitamin K antagonists for acute venous thromboembolism: evidence from phase 3 trials

conclusion, DOACs and VKAs have similar efficacy in the treatment of acutesymptomaticVTE,afindingthatisconsistentinkeyclinicalsubgroups.Treatmentwith a DOAC significantly reduces the risks of major bleeding. ( Blood . 2014;124(12):1968-1975) Outcomes across the studies were combined using the Mantel-Haenszel method and compared with the DerSimonian and Laird random-effects model. We assessed and quanti ﬁ ed statistical heterogeneity across the studies using the Cochran Q statistic and I 2 test. All analyses were performed withReviewManager,version5.2(Copenhagen,TheNordicCochraneCentre,TheCochraneCollaboration,2012).
Preliminary report on the geology and vertebrate fauna of the Miocene Manchar Formation, Sind, Pakistan

ABSTRACT The Manchar Formation, a middle and upper Miocene fluvial sequence of sandstones, silts, and conglomerates, is exposed in a narrow north–south belt in the Lower Indus Basin of Sind Province, Pakistan. The formation, as measured in geological sections near Lake Manchar, can be divided into three parts differing in the proportions of the sandstones and silts. The contact with the underlying marine Gaj Formation is gradational; when the base of the Manchar Formation is taken as the lowest thick sandstone of fluvial origin, it lies above the highest marine or estuarine beds. Fossil localities cluster into three stratigraphie groups which correspond to the three horizons previously recognized. New additions to the Manchar faunas include a large hominoid and another small primate, two creodonts, three amphicyonids, a shovel-tusked amebelodontine, a chalicothere, species of Orycteropus, Zygolophodon, Stegolophodon, and Brachyodus, a species comparable to Tetraconodon minor, two small species of Dorcathe.