Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Parametric Optimization of the CEA TF Magnet Design of the EU DEMO Updated Configuration

In the framework the design activities conducted in EU for the future fusion demonstration reactor (DEMO), extensive analyses were led in the EUROfusion context, aiming at ultimately designing the DEMO magnets system. The DEMO tokamak configuration was updated in view of improving the operation merits versus the previous design defined in 2015. In the objective of properly addressing tokamaks general magnetic systems, CEA has adapted macroscopic design tools and associated methods to size magnets for pre-dimensionning or optimization purposes. Once pre-dimensioned using inputs from system-level analyses the magnet concepts undergo an evaluation process by detailed analyses (thermohydraulic and mechanical) highly accurate but strongly time consuming. To avoid repeating this sequence, we aimed in this paper at improving pre-dimensioning process reliability for the final benefit of the whole design workflow. The material exposed in this paper is the path to this improvement achieved through a sery of pre-dimensioning parametric cases applied on the DEMO TF system baseline newly issued in 2018 by EUROfusion. The optimization steps are described, showing which design TF system variables are chosen for optimization and what is their contribution to ultimately rend the design as efficient as possible with respect to given merits. In this aim, former detailed finite elements analyses, carried out on the previous DEMO configuration, are taken as reference to support the quantitative choices of the pre-dimensioning method improvement (criteria or input modifications). Furthermore, TF design is also explored on a new aspect: the possibility of including radial plates in the winding pack.
Utilization of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) Tools for Sharing of Agricultural Related Information in Osun State: Implications for Rural Information Needs

The study was motivated by the need to harness technological advancement to enhance agricultural production in Osun State. The study assessed the utilization of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) tools for sharing of agricultural related information in Osun State, Nigeria. The study illustrated the socio economic characteristics of the Respondent, identified the available ICT tools for sharing of various agricultural related information, identified agricultural related information shared through various available ICT tools, measured the frequency of utilization of the identified ICT tools and assessed the severity of challenges encountered by Respondent in the utilization of ICT tools in the study area. Sixty percent of Extension Agents in each of the three zones in the study area were sampled. The data collected were examined using descriptive statistics tools while regression analysis was used to test the significant relationship between the socio-economic characteristics of Respondents and their frequency of utilization of ICT Tools for sharing of agricultural related information in the study areas. The analysis of the data was carried out with the use of SPSS version 22. The findings revealed that the average age of Respondents was 39 years; more than half of the respondent (67.1%) were male; most (81.4%) of the respondent were married; majority (68.6%) of the respondent were Christian; about (70%) of the respondent had tertiary education. The mean household size was 5 members per household; majority of the respondents belonged to one association or the other and they access the internet with their own data plan. Radio (wms 2.7) was ranked first as most available ICT tools for sharing information in the study area. Furthermore, information on availability and sources of farm inputs (wms2.3) was ranked most shared information while information on storage facilities (wms1.0) was ranked the least shared information by the Respondents. Also, the initial cost of procurement of ICT gadgets, cost of maintenance, risk of theft of gadget, and fluctuating power supply were the major challenges encountered with the use of various ICT tools. Regression analysis identified a significant relationship between selected socio-economic characteristics of the Respondents and frequency of Utilization of ICT Tools for sharing Agriculture related information. The study recommended use of Radio as medium through which agricultural related information should be shared bearing in mind its ease of access, little cost of procurement and maintenance, extent of reach and frequency of usage among the respondents. Provision of access to internet facility was recommended in order to afford respondents a limitless right to use information on the World Wide Web. Finally, alternative source of power to enable respondents recharge their ICT gadgets was recommended to make up for unreliable electricity supply.
Amorphous solid dispersion of ledipasvir and sofosbuvir for enhancement of oral bioavailability

: The major goal of this research work was to augment bioavailability of the fixed-dose combination drugs, ledipasvir (LDV) and sofosbuvir (SBV) by developing orodispersible tablets and films and to estimate it by in vivo pharmacokinetic studies in rats. The pre-optimized amorphous solid dispersions of the LDV-SBV combination with HPMC E15 were made into orodispersible films (ODFs) and the pre-optimized inclusion complexes with dimethyl-β - cyclodextrin were made into orodispersible tablets (ODTs). The ODFs and ODTs were studied for the in vitro physical characterization studies and dissolution. Best of both the products were evaluated for in vivo pharmacokinetic studies in comparison with the marketed formulation of film coated tablets, Ledifos. The dissolution rate constants for the LDV from the optimized ODFs, ODTs and the marketed tablets were found to be 0.269, 0.13 and 0.073 min.-1 respectively. The dissolution rate constants for the SBV from the optimized ODFs, ODTs and the marketed tablets were found to be 0.302, 0.168 and 0.094 min.-1 respectively. Area under the curve (AUC) values for the LDV from the films, tablets and the marketed tablets were found to be 4231.4, 4050.3 and 3662.5 h*ng/mL respectively. AUC values for the SBV from the films, tablets and the marketed tablets were found to be 2173.2, 2084.6 and 1452.4 h*ng/mL respectively. Conclusion: The obtained results indicated that the optimized ODFs and the ODTs exhibited improved in vitro dissolution and in vivo bioavailability for the fixed-dose combination of LDV and SBV over the reference product.
Parent Support Relationship with Smoking Behavior

This study aims to determine the relationship between parental support and school children's smoking behavior. This research method uses descriptive correlational research with a cross-sectional approach. The study's results based on class and age showed that 22 students, with a percentage of 73.3%, had supportive parental social support, and 16 students, with a rate of 53.3%, had terrible smoking behavior. The P value of parents' social support with smoking behavior is 0.207. In conclusion, it shows no relationship between parental consent and school children's smoking behavior. Keywords: Parents' Social Support, Smoking Behavior, Elementary School Students
A Threshold Regression Study on the Impact of Capital Adequacy Ratio on the Profitability of ASEAN-5 Banks

The main objective of this research is to find out the threshold effect Asean-5 banks’ capital adequacy ratio (CAR) to its profitability which is measured by return on assets (ROA) and return on equity (ROE) by the threshold regression model. In order to obtain result with higher accuracy, a controlled variable, bank size which is determined by the banks total assets, is added into the model.
SOIL MECHANICS AND GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING

In principle, numerical simulations of boundary value problems that involve fluid-soil interaction should account for the evolution of permeability due to soil deformation. For many applications of interest in geotechnical engineering, an accurate assessment of the permeability is key to an accurate prediction of settlements and pore water pressure changes. Finite element models rely on laboratory or field testing to characterise permeability; however, these methods cannot easily evaluate anisotropy or moderate variations of permeability. Current testing tools have a limited accuracy and a rigid experimental set-up, and are usually restricted to consider one flow direction. In this study, the influence of shearing on the intrinsic permeability and the anisotropy of permeability in medium-loose liquefiable sands is investigated. The discrete element method (DEM) was used to simulate monotonic undrained and drained triaxial test simulations on model soils comprising spherical particles. The particle positions were recorded at discrete strain levels and the data were taken as input into finite volume method (FVM) simulations which were used to evaluate intrinsic permeability in selected sub-samples. In the FVM simulations, permeability was evaluated in the three orthogonal directions. The results indicate that shear deformation induces an anisotropy in permeability, in both drained and undrained triaxial conditions and this anisotropy increases with axial strain. Specifically, the results show an increase in permeability in the direction of the major principal stress, whereas a reduction permeability is observed in the orthogonal plane. Undrained simulations exhibit a jump in vertical permeability around the liquefaction onset; this can be attributed to the sudden loss of particle contacts.
Proximate and Elemental Composition of Black Seed and Jujube as Formulation for the Treatment of Peptic Ulcer

Black seed (Nigella sativa) is a widely used medicinal plant throughout the world. Seeds and oil have a long history of folklore usage in various systems of medicines and food. The fruits of jujube (Ziziphus jujuba) are being consumed all around the world because of their health benefits, as both food and herbal medicine. The aim of this research was to evaluate Proximate and elemental compositions of Black seed and Jujube as formulation for managing peptic ulcer. Proximate composition of jujube, black seed and formulation of black seed and jujube was carried out and the contents of moisture, carbohydrate, fats, fibers, proteins and ash were determined according to standard AOAC, 2010 method. Mineral elements (Zn, Fe, Cu, Cr, Mg, Ca, Na, K, As, Pb) were also determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometric method. The result revealed that jujube has higher carbohydrate, fiber and ash contents of 46.60%, 32.17% and 12.87% respectively, while black seed has higher fats and crude protein contents (35.9% and 9.47% respectively). Elemental composition revealed that black seed has higher zinc, iron, copper, and sodium contents of 1.91 mg/L, 6.95 mg/L, 2.42 mg/L, and 27.23 mg/L respectively. Black seed and jujube can be consumed alone or in combination as they are highly enriched with nutrients which are essential for physiological body functioning and can facilitate healing in ulcer treatment.
Impact of Physical Activity on Pulmonary Function and Respiratory Muscle Strength in Obese Young Adults

Physical inactivity is a crucial contributor to the obesity epidemic. Previous studies demonstrated that physical inactivity and obesity have been linked with the impairments of pulmonary and respiratory muscle function. However, the impact of physical activity (PA) on pulmonary and respiratory muscle function in obese young adults remains unclear. The study aimed to compare pulmonary and respiratory muscle function between physically inactive and active obese young adults. Obese young adults (BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2) aged between 18 - 25 years old were included. They were classified into 2 groups, physically inactive obese (IO, n = 16) and active obese (AO, n = 14) groups according to the metabolic equivalent of task (MET) obtained from the global physical activity questionnaire (GPAQ). Then, pulmonary and respiratory muscle function were measured. The results showed that there were no differences in baseline data between groups. The AO group showed significantly higher forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) (2.90 ± 0.55 vs 3.40 ± 0.79, p = 0.04), and maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP) (96.25 ± 6.18 vs 124.50 ± 12.28, p = 0.01) than those IO group. There were no differences between the groups in regard to FVC, FEV1/FVC ratio, %FVC, %FEV1, MVV, %MVV and maximum expiratory pressure (MEP) (all p > 0.05). In addition, FEV1 (r = 0.43, p = 0.01) and MIP (r = 0.40, p = 0.03) were positively moderately correlated with MET. Higher in FEV1 and MIP which observed in physically active obese young adults indicate that regular PA appears to be beneficial to pulmonary function and inspiratory muscle strength in obese individuals. HIGHLIGHTS Several epidemiological studies showed that obesity increases the prevalence of morbidity and clinical presentation of many respiratory diseases. Physical inactivity is one factor that affect respiratory function The pulmonary and respiratory muscle function between physically inactive and active obese young adults were compared Higher values of FEV1 and MIP were observed in obese young adults who were physically active, suggesting the benefits of PA in maintaining pulmonary function and inspiratory muscle strength GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
Assessment of The Geotechnical Properties of Municipal Solid Waste and Its Effect on The Surrounding Soil: A Review

Due to rapid growing of population and active lifestyle, massive amounts of municipal solid waste (MSW) are produced worldwide. The MSW can harm the environment and threaten the land if the dumping sites are not managed scientifically. The geotechnical properties of MSW are the key parameters required in the landfill operations and waste management facilities. Hence, presence of the geotechnical properties data of the waste can assist engineers in selecting possible solutions for extension of the landfill and obtaining prior background data for the evaluation and design of landfills. MSW disposal changes the geotechnical properties of soil. Also, alterations in the geotechnical properties of soils may contribute to the physical and physico-chemical interactions between soil and contaminants of the dumping sites. As leachate, which is generated by the waste, penetrates into the soil, it moves pollutants into the soil and influences the strength and stability of the soil. The main objective of this research is to summarize the most recent literature of the physical and mechanical properties of MSW, and their influence on the geotechnical properties of soil. The findings of numerous investigations on the physical and mechanical characteristics of MSW and soil influenced by MSW are presented and discussed. Depending on the reviewed research studies, it can be observed that the engineering characteristics of MSW are complicated and varied for various reasons. The waste components and degradation process can cause an increase in moisture content and unit weight, and a decrease in organic content, hydraulic conductivity and compressibility of MSW. Additionally, MSW sites significantly impact the physical and mechanical characteristics of underlain and surrounding soil and deteriorate the soil quality. Further, it was noticed that the influence of dumping on soil is reduced with depth due to less interaction between the soil and waste
Spatial interdependence and instrumental variable models

Abstract Instrumental variable (IV) methods are widely used to address endogeneity concerns. Yet, a specific kind of endogeneity – spatial interdependence – is regularly ignored. We show that ignoring spatial interdependence in the outcome results in asymptotically biased estimates even when instruments are randomly assigned. The extent of this bias increases when the instrument is also spatially clustered, as is the case for many widely used instruments: rainfall, natural disasters, economic shocks, and regionally- or globally-weighted averages. Because the biases due to spatial interdependence and predictor endogeneity can offset, addressing only one can increase the bias relative to ordinary least squares. We demonstrate the extent of these biases both analytically and via Monte Carlo simulation. Finally, we discuss a general estimation strategy – S-2SLS – that accounts for both outcome interdependence and predictor endogeneity, thereby recovering consistent estimates of predictor effects.
Dynamique long‐terme d’une marge continentale divergente (Les Ghâts Occidentaux de l’Inde péninsulaire) : contraintes géochronologiques 40Ar‐39Ar des paléosurfaces latéritiques

L’Escarpement des Ghâts Occidentaux borde la marge passive Ouest de l’Inde peninsulaire et separe le bas-pays de la plaine cotiere des hauts-plateaux a l’Est comme celui des trapps du Deccan vieux de 63 Ma et celui des roches precambriennes. Il a ete suggere une mise en place de cet escarpement par erosion d’un epaulement de rift eleve, et des mesures thermochronologiques ont estime une forte denudation dans la plaine cotiere autour de ~ 50 Ma.Nous apportons des contraintes temporelles complementaires quant a l’evolution de cette marge passive, par datation 40Ar-39Ar d’oxydes de manganese potassiques (cryptomelane) extraits de formations lateritiques, reliques des paleosurfaces d’alteration, sur le plateau et dans la plaine cotiere. Trois principales paleosurfaces ont ete identifiees, echantillonnees puis datees sur le plateau a differentes altitudes, ainsi qu’une quatrieme dans la plaine cotiere. Des laterites datees a 47 Ma dans la plaine cotiere impliquent que l’escarpement existait deja a l’Eocene moyen alors qu’une intense alteration bauxitique affectait les deux cotes de l’escarpement. Nos resultats indiquent egalement des taux d’erosion faibles (~ 4 m.Ma-1) au pied de l’escarpement depuis 47 Ma, et un taux d’incision aussi faible (~ 5 m.Ma-1) depuis 19 Ma. Sur le plateau, l’erosion est plus importante mais inferieure a 15 m.Ma-1 depuis 45 Ma, et l’incision est inferieure a 6 m.Ma-1 depuis 23 Ma. Nos resultats indiquent de surcroit un diachronisme longitudinal des erosions et alterations de part et d’autre de l’escarpement depuis sa formation, et suggerent la mise en place d’un gradient climatique fort entre l’Ouest et l’Est des l’optimum climatique Eocene.
The Role of Latent Heat Release in Explosive Cyclogenesis

Abstract : Extratropical cyclones and their attendant fronts are the primary cause of day to day weather changes at any given location in middle and higher latitudes. Storms that deepen at least 24 mb in a period of 24 hours or less are rapid developing storms. This research attempts to analyze the role of latent heating in explosive cyclogenesis, using the Sutcliffe Development Equation (SDE). The SDE describes cyclone development in terms of absolute vorticity advection, thickness advection, stability, and latent heating. The basic premise to be tested is that latent heating, including stable and convective components, plays a significant role in the rapid development of extratropical cyclones. The Sutcliffe Equation Analysis Model (SEAM), developed to study these storms, uses a grid of 27 points (x axis) by 18 points (y axis) with a spacing of 190.5 km. Verti- cal resolution in the SEAM consists of 19 levels from 1000 mb to 100 mb in 50 mb increments. The model atmosphere extends to 100 mb to accommodate moisture convergence and subordinate parameters needed to calculate latent heating, which is parameterized into two basic types; stable and convective latent heat release. Stable latent heat release (SLHR) is a large scale effect while convective latent heat release (CLHR) is a sub-grid scale effect. Analysis of results show that CLHR values were virtually non-existent in the normal case and very small in the bomb case. Comparison of Sutcliffe values and storm tracks show that areas of positive values downstream of the surface center indi- cate movement of either type of storm. The explosive storm followed along the Sutcliffe value ridge, while the normal storm moved perpendicular to the ridge.
La croissance des Andes centrales du nord du Pérou (5-9°S) : propagation d'un prisme orogénique dans un contexte d'héritage tectonique et de subduction plane

Par une etude pluridisciplinaire, cette these propose un modele d’orogenese pour les Andes Centrales du nord du Perou au niveau d’un transect situe entre 5 et 9°S de latitude. La structure de la chaine est analysee grâce a la construction de ~600 km de coupes equilibrees. Le raccourcissement horizontal total calcule est d’au moins 220 km. La cinematique de la deformation du prisme orogenique a pu etre determinee a partir de donnees sismiques, de travaux de terrain, de datations de thermochronologie basse-temperature (traces de fission et (U-Th)/He sur Apatite) et de mesures de reflectance de la vitrinite. Les resultats montrent que la deformation est tres influencee par les evenements tectoniques pre-andins. Des structures de rift permo-triasique, inversees des le Turonien, controlent a partir de l’Oligocene la deformation du prisme orogenique oriental andin compose de la Cordillere Orientale et de la zone Subandine. Du Turonien a l’Eocene, la deformation du prisme occidental, compose de la Cordillere Occidentale et des bassins d’avant-arc, se propage de facon continue et est influencee par des structures extensives jurassiques. L’integration de donnees geophysiques (gravimetrie, sismicite) a d’autres datations (UPb, Ar-Ar, 14C), indique que le prisme est toujours en cours de deformation. Le regime tectonique auquel est soumis le prisme orogenique est dependant des vitesses de convergence des plaques, elles-memes correlees avec le pendage de la subduction et les phenomenes magmatiques. Entre 17 et 8 Ma, le synchronisme de l’exhumation a l’echelle de la chaine a des vitesses variant de 0.1 a 0.2 mm.an-1 et sa surrection est attribue a la propagation du prisme orogenique a la vitesse de ~7.1 mm.an-1. Vers 8 Ma, l’instauration d’une subduction plane engendree en partie par l’entree en subduction du Plateau Inca permet l’arret de l’arc magmatique et la propagation de la deformation a la vitesse de 3.6 mm.an-1 de 200 km vers l’avant-pays, guidee par l’heritage tectonique. Le modele tectonique propose prouve que le climat plus humide depuis le Miocene n’a pas d’influence sur la propagation de la deformation. L’absence de hauts plateaux sur cette zone est attribuee au contexte de subduction plane depuis le Miocene inferieur et a l’elargissement du prisme depuis ~8 Ma.