Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of Extended Spectrum Beta-lactamase Producing Enterobacteriaceae: A Cross Sectional Study at Adama Hospital, Adama, Ethiopia

Background: The beta-lactam groups of antibiotics are the largest group of antibacterial agents used in clinical practice and they are frequently prescribed. The wide use of these antibiotics leads to the emergence and spread of resistant bacterial pathogens that produce the extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBL). Now days ESBLs producer bacteria are a common encounter in clinical practice and their prevalence varies from local to global. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of ESBL producing bacterial pathogens among Enterobacteriaceae isolates at Adama Hospital, Ethiopia. Methods: Across sectional study was conducted from May 1, 2013-June 1, 2014 at Adama Teaching Hospital. A total of 384 consecutive non-repeat culture isolates were obtained from different clinical specimens of from patients visiting the Hospital. Bacterial strains were isolated following standard bacteriological techniques of American Society of microbiology. Antimicrobial susceptibility test was determined using Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method and ESBL production was detected by modified double disc synergy test as stated on clinical and laboratory slandered institute. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 20. Results: A total of 133 bacterial strains were isolated of which Enterobacteriaceae account for 68/133(51.1%). Twenty one isolates from the Enterobacteriaceae were suspected for ESBL production and 17/21 (80.95%) of them were confirmed to produce it with the overall prevalence of ESBL producers within the Enterobacteriaceae is 17/68 (25%). E. coli with the prevalence of 10/35 (28.57%) is the leading ESBL producer while Proteus species, Klebsiella species, E. cloacae and Citrobacter species accounted for 3/9 (33.3%), 2/8 (25%), 1/3 (33.3%) and 1/3 (33.3%) respectively. Conclusion: The prevalence of ESBL producing Enterobacteriaceae was high among the clinical isolates of Adama Hospital Medical College. Because microbiology laboratories are limited in Ethiopia, the problem may go beyond expectation before it is unraveled. Thus routine screening of ESBL producing microorganisms from clinical samples should be considered where applicable.
The Effects of Entry when Monopolistic Competition and Oligopoly Coexist

Abstract This paper proposes a model of a continuum of industries in which some industries are monopolistically competitive, the others are oligopolistic, and they interact in a labor market. We use this model to examine the effects of entry of oligopolistic firms. We show that this raises the equilibrium wage and induces exit of monopolistically competitive firms. Then, we find that the profits of each oligopolistic firm and the whole oligopolistic industry decrease. Finally, we establish that if the elasticity of substitution is the same in all industries, welfare improves as a result of an increase in the oligopolistic firms.
Opinions of women from deprived communities on the NHS stop smoking service in England - person-centered perspectives.

Background In most European countries, women are relatively more susceptible to smoking-related diseases, find it more difficult to quit and more likely to relapse than men. With the aim to improve understanding of women’s needs from smoking cessation services, this qualitative study examines perceptions of women from deprived communities on the National Health Service Stop Smoking Service in England. Methods A qualitative study of 11 women, smokers and ex-smokers, who had used Stop Smoking Services located in disadvantaged communities in East Sussex, England. Data were collected through focus group and semi-structured interviews, and were subjected to thematic analysis. Results Women felt that services tailored to their needs would improve cessation rates. They expect smoking cessation facilitators to be non-judgemental and to offer psychological insight into addiction. However, women’s opinions differed on the importance for facilitators to be female or ex-smokers, and on the preference of group or one-to-one services, some women expressed a preference for women only groups. The women praised the continuity of care, capacity for peer support, flexibility of time and location and free cessation aids offered. Conversely, the women felt that services were poorly advertised, that access was not universally good, and that services at work place and drop-in groups would improve access for working women and women with young children. Conclusion Flexible services that are tailored towards the needs of individual smokers and better dissemination of information regarding the range of services available could facilitate greater uptake of smoking cessation services for women in deprived communities.
Clinical Trial Participation in India

India is the clinical trials hub for some pharm companies of developed nations [1-10]. We are a nation with a vast pool of heterogeneous patients, substantial number of restorative ability with English tongue, expanding rates of clinics with great foundation and therapeutic supplies. The expense of clinical trial is reduced up to 60% when compared to that of developed nations. Notwithstanding that we have got some great administrative power set up in our nation [11-20]. Focal Central Drug Standard Control Organization (CDSCO) regulates the clinical trial process in India through, ICMR and Indian GCP. These trials directed in India are guaranteed and sanction by universal rules and regulations, as, ICH and FDA under strict review of IRB/IEC. Clinical Trials in India had a look from CDISC because of its fast growth in the trials. Although these facilities seem to be enough for the establishment of more trials the limitations cease from the development. In this article we will discuss such limitations [21-30].
What Does Time Management Mean to You? Exploring Measures of Time Management and Group Differences.

For centuries people have been trying to find ways to effectively manage their time. Meanwhile, research in this area has lagged and provided inconsistent results about the outcomes (i.e., well-being and job performance) of the use of time management behaviors. A potential reason for the inconsistent results is the lack of a universal conceptualization of time management making it difficult to compare results. Further, it may be that certain groups use and/or interpret time management behaviors in different ways. This study investigated three of the most popular measures of time management concurrently. First, the measures were examined for statistical artifacts, specifically violations of measurement equivalence, using a combination of confirmatory factor analysis and item response theory data analysis approaches. Specific hypotheses concerning groups of interest for this study (gender, age, temporal awareness) were tested with measures that included equivalent items only. Finally, based on evidence that time management may be dispositional in nature (Shahani et al., 1993; Claessens et al., 2007), the time management measures were analyzed using an ideal point response model based on increasing evidence that personality measures are better served by this model (Stark, Chernyshenko, Drasgow, and Williams, 2006; Carter et al., 2014). Finally, directions for future research and implications for future measurement of time management are discussed based on findings.
INTEGRATING FLOOD RISK INTO URBAN PLANNING IN INDONESIA

Flood is the disaster with the highest frequency occurrence in the world resulted in the greatest loss of both material and nonmaterial. This loss is exacerbated by the incidence of floods that occur in urban areas that have large population and asset values. Efforts to reduce the risk of urban flood disaster have been done, but this effort is still sectoral. This article examines how flood risks are integrated into urban spatial planning in Indonesia. The integration of floods in Indonesia is carried out with an environmental assessment approach in the development plan, with a Strategic Environmental Assessment/SEA (KLHS) attached to each development plan. Keyword: Flood risk, SEA, Urban Planning. Integrating Flood Risk into Urban Planning In Indonesia Journal of Green Science and Technology, Vol. IV, No. 1, January 2020 | 42
Center of gravity oscillations in HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis

Introduction: Postural control in individuals with HTLV-1-associated myelopathy or tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP) is usually compromised, which increases the risk of falls, makes it difficult to perform activities of daily living, and impairs the quality of life. The profile of the center of gravity oscillations in this population is unknown and may aid in clinical follow-up and research. Objective: To compare the stabilometric values between HAM/TSP and uninfected individuals and verify the existence of correlations between stabilometric variables and the Berg Balance Scale (BBS). Method: A cross-sectional observational study was performed with infected individuals, classified as defined and likely (WHO criteria), compared to accompanying persons * VN: MS, e-mail: vc.lago@hotmail.com CSC: PhD, e-mail: cristianosena@gmail.com EBCP: PhD, e-mail: elen.neuro@gmail.com JVC: PhD, e-mail: jamile.vivas@gmail.com KNS: PhD, e-mail: katia.sa@gmail.com
Utility of Feedback Has a Greater Impact on Learning than Ease of Decoding

— While feedback is a key facilitator of learning, researchers have yet to determine the ideal feedback process for optimal performance in learners. The current study investigates the combined eﬀects of ease of decoding, and utility of feedback during learning. Accuracy and rate of learning were recorded alongside changes to the feedback related negativity (FRN), an event-related potential (ERP) elicited by feedback stimuli. This study investigates the FRN within the context of future-focused directive feedback (DF), in addition to past-focused evaluative feedback (EF) typically seen in the neuroscience literature. Results indicate a main eﬀect of utility together with an interaction with ease of decoding on the accuracy data, but only the main eﬀect of utility on learning rate. DF produced an FRN, like EF, which was then larger during high-utility feedback, speciﬁcally following negative EF or when hard-to-decode. Implications and future research directions are discussed.
Evaluation of HIV post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) in a tertiary health institution in south-eastern Nigeria

This study aimed to evaluate the implementation of HIV post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) guidelines and determine its clinical outcome in a PEPFAR (APIN-CDC) Clinic in south-eastern Nigeria from 2008 to 2012. It was a retrospective review of data of patients who accessed HIV PEP services from the clinic. Data on demographic and clinical characteristics of patients were retrieved from the database of the clinic and analyzed. Descriptive statistics and Chi-square test were applied to analyzed data at significance level of p<0.05. The result showed that thirty three (33) individuals were enrolled into PEP during the period. Thirty-one (31; 93.94%) were due to occupational exposure, while two (2; 6.06%) were due to non-occupational exposure. AZT+3TC 23 (69.70%), AZT+3TC+LPV/r 9 (27.27%) and AZT+3TC+ATV/r+RTV 1 (3.03%) were the ARVs used. The nature of exposure did not significantly determine the choice of the ARV. The study concludes that APIN/CDC Clinic, UNTH Enugu substantially followed recommendations of standard guidelines in HIV PEP management, but the absence of followup test results for majority of the enrollees was an impediment to any general statement on its clinical outcome.
Managing Uncertainty, Beckoning Security: Ritual Offerings to a Local Ovoo in Mongolia

ABSTRACT With the demise of the socialist state in 1990, Mongolia was plunged into a process of neoliberal economic reform. The social and economic uncertainty that followed in its wake, combined with recurrent winter calamities, created an escalating vulnerability among the mobile herders. This article brings into focus the revived local offerings to the spirits of the land at ovoos as significant nexuses for managing unpredictable weather phenomena and the contingency of economic hardship, thus providing an exploration of ritual practice as embedded in multifaceted entanglements of lived lives and societal changes. It is argued that an ovoo provide a moment for Mongolian herders to act upon their ability and agency to influence future results. While the ovoo ritual is not in itself characterised by intrinsic ambiguity as a means to, or de facto, produce efficacious outcomes, its ambiguity resides in the explanatory modes that encompass the ritual.
Effect of prophylactic anticoagulation on incidence of venous thromboembolism in testicular germ cell tumor patients

Background Testicular germ cell tumors (GCTs) are among the most common solid tumors in young males. With the availability of highly effective treatment, improving patients’ quality of life has gained more focus in recent years. Venous thromboembolism (VTE), commonly occurring in GCT patients, is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Prophylactic anticoagulation has been shown to decrease the risk of VTE in patients with malignancy. The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate the effect of low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) prophylaxis on incidence of VTE and outcome in GCT patients treated with first-line chemotherapy. Methods Our study population included chemotherapy-naive GCT patients treated with first-line chemotherapy at the National Cancer Institute, Bratislava, Slovakia from January 2000 to December 2017. VTE was defined as any venous thrombosis or pulmonary embolism, confirmed by imaging, occurring during first-line chemotherapy. Patients diagnosed with VTE on initial staging exam were excluded from the study. No visceral thromboses were observed. Results Our cohort included 353 GCT patients. LMWH prophylaxis was administered to 104 patients (29.5%), 249 patients (70.5%) did not receive prophylaxis. We observed 14 (4.0%) VTE events. The difference in VTE incidence between patients with and without prophylaxis was not statistically significant (5.8% vs. 3.2% P = 0.37). We have observed a trend to longer overall survival in patients without prophylaxis (hazard ratio = 0.61, 95% confidence interval = 0.32-1.13, P = 0.08). Patients with extragonadal GCT receiving VTE prophylaxis had significantly shorter survival. (hazard ratio = 0.29, 95% confidence interval = 0.08-1.12, P = 0.04). This effect was most likely driven by higher incidence of treatment related deaths in patients with extragonadal GCT receiving LMWH. ( P = 0.06) Conclusions LMWH prophylaxis was not associated with decreased VTE incidence. Moreover, there was a higher incidence of treatment related deaths in patients with extragonadal tumor location. LMWH prophylaxis during hospitalization should not be used routinely in GCT patients receiving chemotherapy.
A Survey of Teachers' Perspectives on High-Stakes Testing in Colorado: What Gets Taught, What Gets Lost

Using a random sample of 1000 Colorado teachers, the researchers in this study surveyed the effects of standards, the Colorado Student Assessment Program (CSAP), and school report cards on instruction and test-related practices. The researchers found that standards were perceived to have a greater impact on improving instruction than did testing. Teachers said they aligned their curriculum, instruction, and lessons to the Colorado standards by adding important content. Specifically, attention to the state standards improved the quality of writing instruction and focused instruction in reading, probability, geometry, and math problem-solving explanations. The reported effects of CSAP testing were more mixed. Attention to CSAP improved writing instruction but shifted instruction away from social studies and science, increased the time spent on test format practice, and lowered faculty morale.
Influence of Cardiovascular Risk factors on Remote Ischemic Preconditioning

INFLUENCE OF CARDIOVASCULAR RISK FACTORS ON REMOTE ISCHEMIC PRECONDITIONING TIFFANY TRACHTE 2016 A powerful therapy against microvascular endothelial ischemia-reperfusion injury is remote ischemic preconditioning (rIPC), which triggers tissue protection by exposing a limb to small cycles of vascular occlusion. Animal models indicate that CVD risk factors reduce the protective benefits of ischemic conditioning. However, there are no human studies investigating how a burden of risk factors interferes with rIPC to prevent endothelial injury. The purpose of the present study was to determine the influence of risk factor burden on the capacity of rIPC to prevent endothelial reperfusion injury in humans. Twenty-two (age: 45±14 yr., BMI: 31±8 kg/m) sedentary adults (12 lower burden: ≤2 risk factors; 10 raised burden: 3-5 risk factors) were studied. Digital arterial tonometry (EndoPAT 2000, Itamar Medical Inc.) was used to assess microvascular endothelial vasodilation during reactive hyperemia before and after 65 min of left arm reperfusion injury (20 min brachial artery ischemia followed by 45 min reperfusion) that was preceded by rIPC (right arm: 3X5 min ischemia/reperfusion). All subjects provided written informed consent according to the Internal Review Board guidelines at South Dakota State University. Repeated measures ANOVA was used to assess group differences between the reactive hyperemia index (RHI) before and after reperfusion injury. Statistical significance was set at P<0.05.
Retroductive theorizing in Pawson and Tilley's applied scientific realism

ABSTRACT The naturally occurring complexity of the social and natural worlds, along with rising challenges in the social, health and environmental domains, makes retroduction a compelling mode of inference in scientific research. As an antidote to ignorance, retroduction is key to understanding why the world is the way it is and to deriving solutions to complex problems. Retroduction is the activity of unearthing causal mechanisms. Mechanisms are latent and evade empirical measurement. This paper expands on these statements, to define what retroduction is and build upon the following concepts in scientific realism: (a) abduction; (b) ontological depth; (c) inference sufficiency; (d) latency and activation; and (e) approximation and accumulation. Using everyday examples, retroduction is demonstrated and applied to Pawson and Tilley's (1997) doctrine of the Scientific Realist paradigm and its application as a methodology for evaluation and research.
Obesity in relation to inflammatory biomarkers, adiponectin gene variability, and insulin resistance among middle-aged Egyptian women

Background and aims Adipose tissue secretes several adipocytokines that have been widely recognized to play a contributory role in insulin resistance (IR), diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. Obesity is now considered a low-grade inflammatory condition. The aims of this study were to evaluate the association of adiposity measures with inflammatory markers and plasma adiponectin in obese Egyptian women and to assess the relation of ADIPOQ variants with the risk of IR in Egyptian women. Methods The study included 275 unrelated women; they were divided into two subgroups: overweight/obese (n=125) and nonobese (n=150). Their mean age was 25.5±5.5 years. Serum levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), C-reactive proteins (CRP), and adiponectin were measured. IR was determined by the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). The adiponectin (ADIPOQ) gene promoter SNPs −11391G>A (rs17300539) was genotyped. Results Anthropometric measures of adiposity showed, respectively, significant positive and negative correlations with inflammatory biomarkers’ (IL-6 and CRP) values and serum adiponectin levels (P<0.05). Linear regression analysis showed significant inverse correlations between serum adiponectin and inflammatory biomarkers (CRP and IL-6) (P=0.001). HOMA-IR and blood pressure levels were correlated significantly with −11391G>A variants among overweight/obese women; however, there was no significant similar relationship among nonobese women. The GA and AA carriers had significantly higher blood pressure and HOMA-IR levels than GG carriers in overweight/obese women. Conclusion Adiposity indices in Egyptian women showed a positive association with inflammatory biomarkers, whereas adiponectin showed a negative association. The study highlights the possible effect of adiponectin gene polymorphisms on susceptibility for IR and hypertension among obese Egyptian women.
As Easy as 1, 2, 3: Exploring Early Math in Public Library Storytimes

Public library storytimes are recognized as early literacy environments for young children and research has demonstrated their early literacy impact for children who attend. While storytimes hold on to their identity as early literacy environments, storytime providers have moved beyond early literacy by placing a broader focus on school readiness skills. In working to understand the knowledge and skills that constitute school readiness, researchers found that early math skills are the strongest predictor for later school achievement. Therefore, to support school readiness effectively, storytime providers should focus on supporting early math skills in their storytimes through play-based methods. This study was designed to provide insight into the early math environment provided by public library storytimes. The results reveal that storytimes are providing a play-based, early math environment in which children are exhibiting early math behaviors, suggesting that storytimes are supporting early learning more broadly and helping to prepare children for school.
A sampling plan for one-shot systems considering destructive inspection

Abstract The paper is concerned with an acceptance sampling problem under destructive inspections for one-shot systems. The systems may fail at random times while they are operating (as the systems are considered to be operating when storage begins), and these failures can only be identified by inspection. Thus, n samples are randomly selected from N one-shot systems for periodic destructive inspection. After storage time T, the N systems are replaced if the number of working systems is less than a pre-specified threshold k. The primary purpose of this study is to determine the optimal number of samples n*, extracted from the N for destructive detection and the optimal acceptance number k*, in the sample under the constraint of the system interval availability, to minimize the expected cost rate. Numerical experiments are studied to investigate the effect of the parameters in sampling inspection on the optimal solutions.
Reflective journaling and metacognitive awareness: insights from a longitudinal study in higher education

ABSTRACT This mix-methods study sought to assess the effect of semi-structured and unstructured reflective journaling (RJ) on 97 undergraduate students’ perceptions of their metacognitive awareness, classified into two main components: knowledge of cognition and regulation of cognition. Students’ entries were analyzed based on a guiding scheme. The Metacognitive Awareness Inventory (MAI) was administered to the participants before (pretest) and after (posttest) a 13-week intervention. Multiple levels of reflective engagement were evident in the semi-structured RJ entries, whereas the unstructured entries were largely descriptive, and mainly related to students’ short-term learning experiences. Semi-structured RJ was found effective in nurturing students’ perceptions of their regulation of cognition. The present study adds to past work by showing how prompting questions might enable students to perceive themselves as self-regulated learners.