Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Students’ experiences with different learning pathways to higher professional bachelor programmes

Context: In the Dutch educational system, different learning pathways to higher professional bachelor (or HBO) programmes have been created: the regular VET route, the general secondary education route, and continuing learning pathways (such as the Green Lyceum or GL) that combine characteristics of these two traditional routes and that are specifically de-signed for students who combine a relatively high cognitive level with an affinity for practical, vocation-oriented assignments.Approach: The present study aimed to compare the experiences of students coming from these three different learning pathways to HBO. 62 former GL students, 127 former middle-management VET (or MBO) students, and 81 former regular general secondary education (or HAVO) students completed an online questionnaire on their experiences in their first HBO study year and their scores on the various scales were compared.Findings: Students from the three groups were equally satisfied with their current HBO programme. The same pattern was found for perceived study success in their HBO pro-*Corresponding author: harm.biemans@wur.nl2Students’experiences with different learning pathwaysgramme. Former GL students, however, mentioned that they had been better prepared in terms of development of study skills needed in HBO. Compared with the MBO route to HBO, former GL students felt better prepared in terms of the theoretical subjects addressed in their previous educational programme. In this regard, their level of theoretical preparation was comparable to that of former HAVO students. When the vocation-oriented aspects of education were concerned, however, the GL appeared to be comparable with the MBO route to HBO (in the HAVO curriculum, vocation-oriented preparation for HBO is absent). Moreover, former HAVO students scored lower than former GL and former MBO students with respect to the extent to which they felt that they had received support in choosing a particular HBO programme in their previous educational programme. Conclusion: The GL seems to combine the advantages of MBO and HAVO programmes for this particular group of students: theoretical preparation for HBO at HAVO level com-bined with practical preparation at MBO level, systematic career orientation and guidance, and development of study skills required in HBO. In other words, such continuing learning pathways can be a curriculum design solution for specific student groups to promote their transition to HBO
Characterisation and Modelling of Continuous-Discontinuous Sheet Moulding Compound Composites for Structural Applications

Ein innovativer Ansatz verfolgt das Konzept diskontinuierliche SMC Verbunde lokal zu verstarken, um die mechanischen Eigenschaften von strukturellen Komponenten gezielt an ein Anforderungsprofil anpassen zu konnen. Die vorliegende Arbeit basiert auf einem ganzheitlichen Ansatz, der darauf abzielt Material-, Struktur- und Bauteileigenschaften eines hybriden kontinuierlich-diskontinuierlichen SMC Verbunds zu untersuchen. Innerhalb jeder Stufe werden dabei die Eigenschaften der individuellen sowie des hybriden Materials betrachtet, um geeignete Kriterien zur Bewertung eines Hybridisierungseffektes zu definieren. Der untersuchte kontinuierlich-diskontinuierliche SMC Verbund zeichnete sich durch ein verbessertes mechanisches Eigenschaftsspektrum, sowohl auf Proben-, Struktur- als auch auf Bauteilebene aus. Die elastischen Eigenschaften konnten im uniaxialen Lastfall mit Hilfe der Mischungsregel und klassischen Laminattheorie sehr prazise analytisch ermittelt werden. Schadensinitiierung des hybriden SMC Verbundes wurde primar von der kontinuierlichen Komponente bestimmt. Zwischenfaserbruche sowie intra- und interlaminare Delamination traten als dominierende Schadigungsmechanismen auf. Pseudo-Delamination bestimmte das Versagen der diskontinuierlichen Komponente. Allgemein betrachtet ermoglicht die lokale Verstarkung einen vielversprechenden Ansatz, um Material-, Struktur- sowie Bauteileigenschaften gezielt auf einen vorherrschenden Lastfall abstimmen zu konnen und im Optimalfall ein Eigenschaftsprofil zu generieren, welches besser als die Summe der Eigenschaften der beiden individuellen Komponenten ist.
Tobacco leaf dust as natural anaesthetic to GIFT tilapia

The present study evaluated the anaesthetic activity of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) leaf dust in fish. GIFT tilapia was used as an experimental animal with the total study duration of 24 hours. The fish size of 4.58±0.68 g was randomly distributed into the 20-liter plastic tub at a stocking density of 10 fishes per container. Anaesthetics were added into experimental tubs of seven different groups viz. one control (0 mg/L), followed by six treatment groups (25, 50, 75, 100, 125 and 150 mg/L) in triplicates. Results showed that an increase in the concentration of tobacco leaf dust shortened the induction time, but delayed the recovery time in fish (p
Low‐carbohydrate high‐fat weight reduction diet induces changes in human gut microbiota

Obesity has become a major public health problem in recent decades. More effective interventions may result from a better understanding of microbiota alterations caused by weight loss and diet. Our objectives were (a) to calculate the fiber composition of a specially designed low‐calorie weight loss diet (WLD), and (b) to evaluate changes in the composition of gut microbiota and improvements in health characteristics during WLD. A total of 19 overweight/obese participants were assigned to 20%–40% reduced calories low‐carbohydrate high‐fat diet for four weeks. Protein and fat content in the composed diet was 1.5 times higher compared to that in the average diet of the normal weight reference group, while carbohydrate content was 2 times lower. Food consumption data were obtained from the assigned meals. Microbial composition was analyzed before and after WLD intervention from two sequential samples by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. During WLD, body mass index (BMI) was reduced on average 2.5 ± 0.6 kg/m2 and stool frequency was normalized. The assigned diet induced significant changes in fecal microbiota. The abundance of bile‐resistant bacteria (Alistipes, Odoribacter splanchnicus), Ruminococcus bicirculans, Butyricimonas, and Enterobacteriaceae increased. Importantly, abundance of bacteria often associated with inflammation such as Collinsella and Dorea decreased in parallel with a decrease in BMI. Also, we observed a reduction in bifidobacteria, which can be attributed to the relatively low consumption of grains. In conclusion, weight loss results in significant alteration of the microbial community structure.
Prevalence and Related Factors of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder in Emergency Medical Technicians; a Cross-sectional Study

Introduction: Ongoing exposure to a variety of Pre-hospital Emergencies (PE) has placed Emergency Medical Technicians (EMTs) at serious psychiatric compromise such as Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). The present study aimed to evaluate the prevalence and associated factors of PTSD among EMTs. Methods: This prospective cross-sectional study was conducted on EMTs in the Emergency Medical Services (EMS) in west of Iran. A baseline information questionnaire including personal work-related characteristics and the PTSD checklist of DSM-5 (PCL-5) were used for data collection. Non-parametric tests and multivariate linear regression were used to evaluate the associated factors of PTSD in these participants. Results: Among the participants, 22% of technicians had PTSD-diagnostic criteria. The mean total PCL-5 score was 21.60 ± 11.45, while the scores were 38.02 ± 6.08 and 17.47 ± 8.36 in the PTSD-diagnosed and undiagnosed groups, respectively. The most common symptom of the clusters was negative alterations in cognition with a mean score of 7.42 ± 4.63. After adjusting confounders, the number of missions (t= 2.50, P= 0.013), work experience (t= -3.24, P= 0.001) and number of shifts (t: 26.38, P < 0.001) were significantly corelated with PCL-5 score. Conclusion: The results indicated that the prevalence of PTSD among EMTs personnel of Hamedan province is high. EMTs with the age of ≤ 30 years, work experience of ≤ 10 years, married status, informal employment, emergency medical technician's degree, and more than 8 shifts per month, as well as no previous training history had a higher total PCL-5 score.
Mental health service utilization and perceived barriers to treatment among adult refugees in Germany

ABSTRACT Background: Prevalence rates of posttraumatic stress disorder and depression are high among refugees in Germany. However, knowledge on subjective as well as objective need for psychotherapy and utilization of psychotherapeutic treatment is scarce. Both structural and personal barriers regarding utilization of mental health services must be addressed in order to increase treatment efficiency. Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the objective as well as the perceived need for treatment, the utilization of mental health care among refugees in the past 12 months, and the perceived barriers to treatment. Method: By means of face-to-face interviews, an unselected convenience sample of 177 adult refugees were interviewed in either Arabic, Farsi, Kurmancî, English, or German. The general sample was reached through social workers. In addition to the Refugee Health Screener-15 (RHS-15), utilization of psychotherapeutic and psychiatric care as well as the subjective needs and barriers to treatment were assessed. Results: According to the RHS-15 54.8% of participants (n = 97) suffered from relevant mental health problems. However, although 28 (28.9%) of the 97 participants who scored above the RHS-15 cut-off perceived a need for therapy, none of them had received psychotherapy as recommended by the German S3 Guidelines. Missing information about mental health and language difficulties were the most frequently cited barriers to mental health services. Conclusions: Psychologically distressed refugees do not receive sufficient treatment. The reduction of barriers to treatment as well as extension of mental health services to lower thresholds should be considered in the future. HIGHLIGHTS There is a large gap between the number of refugees who are suffering from mental strain and the number who are actually getting treatment. Besides conventional psychotherapy alternative approaches are needed to increase the availability and minimize (perceived) barriers to mental health service utilization.
Global Observations and CMIP6 Simulations of Compound Extremes of Monthly Temperature and Precipitation

Compound climate extremes, such as events with concurrent temperature and precipitation extremes, have significant impacts on the health of humans and ecosystems. This paper aims to analyze temporal and spatial characteristics of compound extremes of monthly temperature and precipitation, evaluate the performance of the sixth phase of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6) models in simulating compound extremes, and investigate their future changes under Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSPs). The results show a significant increase in the frequency of compound warm extremes (warm/dry and warm/wet) but a decrease in compound cold extremes (cold/dry and cold/wet) during 1985–2014 relative to 1955–1984. The observed upward trends of compound warm extremes over China are much higher than those worldwide during the period of interest. A multi‐model ensemble (MME) of CMIP6 models performs well in simulating temporal changes of warm/wet extremes, and temporal correlation coefficients between MME and observations are above 0.86. Under future scenarios, CMIP6 simulations show substantial rises in compound warm extremes and declines in compound cold extremes. Globally, the average frequency of warm/wet extremes over a 30‐yr period is projected to increase for 2070–2099 relative to 1985–2014 by 18.53, 34.15, 48.79, and 59.60 under SSP1‐2.6, SSP2‐4.5, SSP3‐7.0, and SSP5‐8.5, respectively. Inter‐model uncertainties for the frequencies of compound warm extremes are considerably higher than those of compound cold extremes. The projected uncertainties in the global occurrences of warm/wet extremes are 3.82 times those of warm/dry extremes during 2070–2099 and especially high for the Amazon and the Tibetan Plateau.
Factors Related to Mortality in Patients with Fournier’s Gangrene or Necrotising Fasciitis; a 10-year Cross-Sectional Study

Introduction: Fournier’s gangrene (FG) is a life-threatening disease, even with early diagnosis and administration of vigorous treatment, its mortality rate is high. This study aimed to evaluate the factors relate to mortality in patients with FG or necrotising fasciitis managed in a referral center. Methods: This retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted on patients managed in a tertiary referral center, Tehran, Iran, from March 2009 to March 2019, with diagnosis of FG or necrotising fasciitis. The correlation between different demographic and clinical parameters with mortality was analysed and reported. Results: 73 cases with the mean age of 59.1 ± 15.8 (range: 25 – 88) years were studied (87.7% male). 21 (28.8%) patients died. Escherichia coli (26 cases, 35.6%) was the most frequent microorganism in cultures. Non-survived cases had higher mean age (p = 0.01), higher frequency of hyperlipidaemia (p = 0.02), immunosuppression (p < 0.001), longer hospital stay (p=0.02), lower blood pressure (p=0.01), and lower platelet count (p=<0.001). Based on multivariate analysis, age (p = 0.015; Odds: 0.88 (0.79-0.97)), haematocrit level (p = 0.01; Odds: 1.27 (1.04-1.55)), platelet count (p = 0.03; Odds: 10.11 (1.14-89.35)), and immunosuppression (p = 0.01; Odds: 0.01 (0.0-0.54)) were independent related factors of mortality. Conclusions: The rate of mortality due to FG and necrotizing fasciitis was 28.8%. Based on multivariate analysis, the independent related factors of mortality were older age, lower haematocrit level and platelet count, and presence of immunosuppression.
Tetrahydrofuran-Assisted Base Catalysed Transesterification of Rice Bran Oil for Biodiesel Production

Tetrahydrofuran-assisted base catalysed transesterification of rice bran oil was carried out for biodiesel production. The main problem of conventional base catalysed transesterification reaction is that the reactants are not readily miscible and thus high reaction temperature and longer reaction time is required for the transesterification reaction to complete. The addition of co-solvent such as THF (tetrahydrofuran) enables the reaction to occur in single phase. The base catalysed ethyl ester production aided with tetrahydrofuran as co-solvent was optimised in terms of amount of KOH catalyst, ethanol to oil molar ratio, THF to ethanol ratio, reaction time and reaction temperature. The efficient reaction conditions using tetrahydrofuran as co-solvent were 2% catalyst concentration, 8:1 ethanol to oil molar ratio, THF to ethanol ratio of 0.27, reaction time 45 min and reaction temperature 40 °C. The maximum recovery and conversion of oil into ethyl ester was reported to be 75.8 and 95%. The co-solvent assisted transesterification thus can save time, energy and labour for large scale production of biodiesel.
Influence of environmental factors on the characteristics of macrobenthic communities in soft bottoms around coral reefs of Larak Island (Persian Gulf)

The effective conservation of coastal ecosystems including soft bottoms around coral reefs of Larak Island, Persian Gulf, is requiring basis data on community structure at different relevant spatial scales. In this regard, the diversity and the abundance of the macrobenthic communities in soft bottoms around coral reefs of this area were described in relation to different environmental factors. A seasonal sampling was conducted at two stations located in the east and west of Larak Island, respectively, during 4 seasons, from spring to winter 2012. A total of 20 species which belong to 20 genera and 14 families were identified. The macrobenthic density showed significant differences among seasons. The Shannon-Wiener index ranged from 2.07 to 2.89 indicating a moderate diversity in both stations. The maximum diversity of macrobenthic organisms was observed during spring. A non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) analysis showed a large overlap in the macrobenthic community structure between the two stations. A principal component analysis (PCA) analysis indicated that the main environmental factors controlling macrobenthic density were phosphate, dissolved oxygen and total organic matter (TOM). Our results indicated that coral macrobenthic communities in Larak Island were characterized by low density and uniform distribution of species.
Sequencing and analysis of the complete mitochondrial genome of Micromys erythrotis from China and its phylogenetic analysis

Abstract The complete mitogenome sequence of Micromys erythrotis was determined using long PCR. The genome was 16,238 bp in length and contained 13 protein-coding genes, 2 ribosomal RNA genes, 22 transfer RNA genes, 1 origin of L strand replication and 1 control region. The overall base composition of the heavy strand is A (33.7%), C (24.8%), T (29.1%) and G (12.4%). The base compositions present clearly the A–T skew, which is most obviously in the control region and protein-coding genes. Mitochondrial genome analyses based on MP, ML, NJ and Bayesian analyses yielded identical phylogenetic trees. This study verifies the evolutionary status of Micromys erythrotis in Muridae at the molecular level. The mitochondrial genome would be a significant supplement for the Micromys erythrotis genetic background.
Caring for a person with dementia during the COVID-19 pandemic: a qualitative study with family care-givers

Abstract The aim of this study was to explore the experience of family care-givers of people with dementia during the COVID-19 pandemic in the Veneto region of Italy to understand how and to what extent the emergency has affected care-givers’ lives and care routines. Twenty adult children of an ill person were interviewed via phone and video call, in adherence with the restrictions against COVID-19. Thematic analysis showed five main themes: the care-giver's experience, the care recipient's experience, relationships with care recipients, changes in the care routine and resources. Results pointed out that the time needed in the care routine and everyday activities increased during the pandemic, together with the need to find alternatives to physical activity at home. Depending on one's personal experience of COVID-19 and approach to preventive rules, the availability of resources, and formal and informal support, three main approaches to care were identified: apprehensive, mindful and fatalistic ones. The pandemic amplified the differences among these already-existing approaches to care as well as the typical challenges and difficulties experienced by family care-givers, and it resulted in an increased burden connected to practical difficulties, emotional stress and difficulties in reaching for help. These results underline the importance of strengthening the external support network for older people to help family care-givers, especially during emergencies.
SARS-CoV-2 Viral Persistence Based on Cycle Threshold Value and Liver Injury in Patients With COVID-19

Abstract Background Liver injury in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is common and prognostic. Direct viral tropism of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) for angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 receptors in hepatocytes may be one of the mechanisms of liver injury. We aimed to determine the role of viral persistence of SARS-CoV-2, based on cycle threshold (Ct) value, in liver injury in COVID-19. Methods This was a territory-wide retrospective cohort study of all public hospitals in Hong Kong. Laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 was identified. Serial liver biochemistries and Ct values of SARS-CoV-2 RNA were analyzed. Results We identified 7622 COVID-19 patients (mean age, 47 years; 48.2% male) diagnosed from March 24 to January 1, 2021, who had serial liver biochemistries and Ct values. A total of 1363 (17.9%) COVID-19 patients had alanine transferase (ALT)/aspartate aminotransferase (AST) elevations with 2 temporal patterns—early (within first 14 days of symptom onset) and late (>14 days from symptom onset). COVID-19 patients with ALT/AST elevations had a lower Ct value at admission (23 vs 25; P < .001), day 5 (24 vs 26; P < .001), and day 20 (31 vs 32; P < .001) after admission, compared with those without ALT/AST elevations. COVID-19 patients with ALT/AST elevations had a longer duration from first positive to first negative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction test for SARS-CoV-2 (13 vs 9 days; P < .001). ALT/AST elevation and presence of diabetes were independent risk factors of viral persistence. Conclusions Liver injury in COVID-19 is linked to a higher SARS-CoV-2 viral load during the early phase of infection, signifying a possible direct viral injury to the liver. Prolonged viral persistence of SARS-CoV-2 is associated with liver injury.
Neurological Manifestations and their Correlated Factors in COVID-19 Patients; a Cross-Sectional Study

Introduction: COVID-19 might present with other seemingly unrelated manifestations; for instance, neurological symptoms. This study aimed to evaluate the neurologic manifestations and their correlated factors in COVID-19 patients. Methods: This retrospective observational study was conducted from March 17, 2020 to June 20, 2020 in a tertiary hospital in Iran. The study population consisted of adult patients with a positive result for COVID-19 real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) using nasopharyngeal swabs. Both written and electronic data regarding baseline characteristic, laboratory findings, and neurological manifestations were evaluated and reported. Results: 727 COVID-19 patients with the mean age of 49.94 ± 17.49 years were studied (56.9% male). At least one neurological symptom was observed in 403 (55.4%) cases. Headache (29.0%), and smell (22.3%) and taste (22.0%) impairment were the most prevalent neurological symptoms, while seizure (1.1%) and stroke (2.3%) were the least common ones. Patients with neurological manifestations were significantly older (p = 0.04), had greater body mass index (BMI) (p = 0.02), longer first symptom to admission duration (p < 0.001) and were more frequently opium users (p = 0.03) compared to COVID-19 patients without neurological symptoms. O2 saturation was significantly lower in patients with neurological manifestations (p = 0.04). In addition, medians of neutrophil count (p = 0.006), neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) (p = 0.02) and c-reactive protein (CRP) (p = 0.001) were significantly higher and the median of lymphocyte count (p = 0.03) was significantly lower in patients with neurological manifestations. Conclusion: The prevalence of neurological manifestations in the studied cases was high (55.4%). This prevalence was significantly higher in older age, grated BMI, longer lasting disease, and opium usage.
Bartonella Seroreactivity Among Persons Experiencing Homelessness During an Outbreak of Bartonella quintana in Denver, Colorado, 2020

Abstract During a recent outbreak of Bartonella quintana disease in Denver, 15% of 241 persons experiencing homelessness who presented for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 testing were seroreactive for Bartonella. Improved recognition of B quintana disease and prevention of louse infestation are critical for this vulnerable population.