Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Semimonthly oscillation observed in the start times of equatorial plasma bubbles

Abstract. Using airglow data from an all-sky imager deployed at Sao Joao do Cariri (7.4 ∘ S, 36.5 ∘ W), the start times of equatorial plasma bubbles was studied in order to investigate the day-to-day variability of this phenomenon. Data from a period over 10 years were analyzed from 2000 to 2010. Semimonthly oscillations were clearly observed in the start times of plasma bubbles from OI6300 airglow images during this period of observation, and four case studies (September 2003, September–October 2005, November 2005 and January 2008) were chosen to show in detail this kind of modulation. Since the airglow measurements are not continuous in time, more than one cycle of oscillation in the start times of plasma bubbles cannot be observed from these data. Thus, data from a digisonde at Sao Luis (2.6 ∘ S, 44.2 ∘ W) in November 2005 were used to corroborate the results. Technical/climate issues did not allow one to observe the semimonthly oscillations simultaneously by the two instruments, but from October to November 2005 there was a predominance of this oscillation in the start times of the irregularities over Brazil. Besides, statistical analysis for the data in the whole period of observation has shown that the lunar tide, which has semimonthly variability, is likely the main forcing for the semimonthly oscillation in the start times of equatorial plasma bubbles. The presence of this oscillation can contribute to the day-to-day variability of equatorial plasma bubbles.
Clinicopathological study of anemia during pregnancy

In India the prevalence of anemia among pregnant women ranges from 65% to 75%, according to the WHO. As many as 4 to 16% of maternal deaths are due to anemia, in India. A haemoglobin concentration below 11 g/dL or packed cell volume of less than 33% is considered as anemia during pregnancy by WHO. According to centre for Disease Control and Prevention, it is defined as haemoglobin or haematocrit value less than fifth percentile of distribution of haemoglobin or haematocrit in a healthy reference population of pregnant women.
Maximum entropy method for estimating the reproduction number: An investigation for COVID-19 in China

The key parameter that characterizes the transmissibility of a disease is the reproduction number R. If it exceeds 1, the number of incident cases will inevitably grow over time, and a large epidemic is possible. To prevent the expansion of an epidemic, R must be reduced to a level below 1. To estimate the reproduction number, the probability distribution function of the generation interval of an infectious disease is required to be available; however, this distribution is often unknown. In this letter, given the incomplete information for the generation interval, we propose a maximum entropy method to estimate the reproduction number. Based on this method, given the mean value and variance of the generation interval, we first determine its probability distribution function and in turn estimate the real-time values of reproduction number of COVID-19 in China. By applying these estimated reproduction numbers into the susceptible-infectious-removed epidemic model, we simulate the evolutionary track of the epidemic in China, which is well in accordance with that of the real incident cases. The simulation results predict that China's epidemic will gradually tend to disappear by May 2020 if the quarantine measures can continue to be executed.
Feeding response of Daphnia cf. similis to different concentration gradients of Microcystis and its implication for preventing algal blooming

Daphnia are important components of zooplankton communities in lakes, ponds and reservoirs. Currently freshwater ecosystems are affected worldwide by Cyanobacterial blooms through the process of eutrophication. The objective of this study was to provide experimental evidence to the response of Daphnia to various concentrations of Microcystis . The experiment contained four treatments and two controls each with three replicates. The first control contained D . cf. similis without Microcystis and the second control contained Microcystis without D . cf. similis . The remaining four treatments contained both D . cf. similis and Microcystis at different concentration of Microcystis . The results showed a significant negative relationships between D . cf. Similis and Microcystis across the treatments (F=294.5; p<0.00). From the four Microcystis concentration gradients, we found mortality of D. cf. Similis in HMC (high Microcystis concentration) and 67% of the original HMC gradient while in the other treatments, in 43% and 22% original HMC treatment, D . cf. Similis reproduce and attain high density. Therefore, from these results it is concluded that D . cf. similis can control the growth of Microcystis if the concentration is low but they cannot reduce an already existing bloom. Keywords : Concentration gradient, D. cf. Similis, Feeding-treatment, Microcystis, Ethiopia.
Determination of virulence factors and antimicrobial resistance of E. coli isolated from calf diarrhea, part of eastern Turkey

Microorganisms have a primary role in the formation of calf diarrhea. Escherichia coli pose an environmental risk to young animals caused by fecal excretion. In this study, rectal swab samples (n= 133) were collected from calves with diarrhea aged from 1 day to 3 months, between August 2017 and August 2018. The samples were cultured on MacConkey agar, and then antimicrobial susceptibility and virulence genes for Escherichia coli isolates (n= 133) were investigated by disk diffusion method according to clinical and laboratory standards institute standards and multiplex polymerase chain reaction, respectively. The isolates were found to be highly resistant to oxytetracycline (78.9%), trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (69.2%), neomycin (60.9%), and erythromycin (58.6%). Besides, multidrug resistance was determined in 71.4% of isolates. Thirty-three of 133 (24.81%) isolates were positive for at least one virulence factor. The pathotypes of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (F5 and/or F41 fimbria and STa), enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (Stx and eae), enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (eae) and Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (Stx-eae) were found in 51.5%, 6.1%, 15.2%, and 12.1%, respectively. However, the virulence properties were detected as; Stx1 (3.03%), Stx2 (9.09%), STa (21.21%), and eae (15.15%); the F41 and F5 were not detected. Also, the fifteen-point two percent of strains (5/33) were the hybrid type that carried both Stx (either Stx1 or Stx2) and enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli specific enterotoxin gene STa. The existence of different virulence factors found in this study supports the statement that calves are possible bearers of pathogens that are dangerous to public health.
Genome-scale metabolic modelling of Salmonella and Lactobacillus species

Salmonella Typhimurium is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in humans. It is also a commonly used model organism for intracellular Gram negative pathogens, a group of bacteria that is becoming increasingly resistant to available antibiotics. Systemic Salmonella infection involves proliferation in the small intestine followed by infection of epithelial and later macrophage host cells. In order to advance the understanding of the rôle of metabolism in virulence, a genome-scale metabolic model of S. Typhimurium was constructed, based on genomic and biochemical data obtained from public databases. A method for modelling metabolic interactions between cells was developed and applied to models of S. Typhimurium and the probiotic Lactobacillus plantarum, in order to simulate the intestinal stage of infection. The analysis indicated that interactions, involving the transfer of glycolate from L. plantarum to S. Typhimurium, that favour growth of S. Typhimurium, are possible, by unlikely to occur in vivo. Data from Phenotype Microarray (PM), as well as DNA microarray data obtained during infection of cultured macrophage cells, was integrated with the S. Typhimurium model. The PM data was largely in agreement with model results for growth on carbon and nitrogen sources, and indicated moderate agreement for sulphur and phosphorus sources. A model-based method for analysis of nutrient availability during growth inside host cells, based on PM and DNA microarray data, was developed. This environment is poorly characterised and direct experimental methods for obtaining this information are not available. The analysis indicated a nutritionally complex host environment, dominated by glycerol 3-phosphate and certain nucleosides and amino acids. Owing to the complexity of the host environment, a method for identification of a sub-network of the model, required for viability on all growth supporting carbon sources was developed. The impact of sequentially removing combinations of reactions in the sub-network from the genome-scale model was evaluated. This analysis suggested approximately 60 reactions that in various combinations could be of relevance for designing antimicrobial intervention strategies, including antimicrobial agents and live attenuated vaccines.
Evaluation of chilli cultivars (Capsicum annuum L.) for qualitative parameters at different maturity stages.

hilli (Capsicum annuum L.)production in India is expanding more rapidly than the growth in population, giving boost to both export and domestic consumption. An encouraging development is that most of the expansion is contributed by an improvement in yield per unit area and relatively little from expansion in area. Chilli is an important commodity used as a vegetable, spice, medicinal herb, and ornamental plant by billions of people everyday. It is also used as an ingredient in industrial products. The diversity in its uses, forms and shapes brings complexity into its production and distribution systems (Farooqi et al., 2003). Chillies used in flavoring foods are popular in the cuisines of many parts of the world as it adds the pungency, colour, the remarkable aroma. Hence, it is of great interest for its chemistry, sensory attributes, and physiological action. The pungency of Capsicum fruits, its evaluation, chemical structure relationship, its increasing acceptance and preference by a variety of populations are of great research interest. The wide traditional uses in the growing regions and its intense physiological effects have attracted the attention of researchers of many different disciplines. It is imperative that quality of chilli is becoming more important to get good marketability with high level consumer Members of the Research Forum
The quality of organic matter shapes the functional biogeography of bacterioplankton across boreal freshwater ecosystems

Aim The need to go beyond taxonomy to understand patterns in microbial function has led to an increased use of trait-based approaches, yet we know little about how microbial functional traits vary across large-scale environmental gradients in natural ecosystems. Here, we apply a trait-based approach to explore the large-scale variability in the trait structure underlying the processing of dissolved organic matter (DOM) by boreal bacterioplankton communities, as well as its regulation and links to taxonomic composition. Location Samples were collected from 296 rivers and lakes across five regions in northern Quebec (Canada), which span large gradients in environmental, climatic and geographical properties typical of the boreal zone. Methods We used the metabolic profiles obtained with Biolog EcoPlates® as an imprint of the trait structure underlying bacterial processing of DOM, and Illumina sequencing of the 16SrRNA gene to characterize the taxonomic composition of these bacterial assemblages. The resulting spatial patterns were compared with an array of climatic, landscape and limnological properties varying at the landscape scale. Results Despite a clear regional segregation of the sampled sites based on environmental variables, the trait structure of boreal bacteria did not show any regional or ecosystem-specific patterns, but rather was linked to a gradient of quality of DOM. Community trait configurations diverged progressively with decreasing terrestrial influence, probably due to local processes that transform and diversify the available pool of DOM. This DOM quality gradient did not explain the taxonomic biogeography of these communities, which was controlled by a different set of environmental factors. Main conclusions The functional biogeography of boreal bacterioplankton is driven by the nature of the DOM pool, and particularly by the influence of terrestrial DOM. The lack of coherence between functional and taxonomic biogeographies implies that the environmental controls of freshwater bacterial performance cannot be directly inferred from spatial patterns in taxonomic composition.
Classical and symmetrical horizontal convection: detaching plumes and oscillations

Classical and symmetrical horizontal convection is studied by means of direct numerical simulations for Rayleigh numbers $Ra$ up to 3 × 1012 and Prandtl numbers $Pr=0.1$, 1 and 10. For both set-ups, a very good agreement in global quantities with respect to heat and momentum transport is attained. Similar to Shishkina & Wagner (Phys. Rev. Lett., vol. 116, 2016, 024302), we find Nusselt number $Nu$ versus $Ra$ scaling transitions in a region $10^{8}\leqslant Ra\leqslant 10^{11}$. Above a critical $Ra$, the flow undergoes either a steady–oscillatory transition (small $Pr$) or a transition from steady state to a transient state with detaching plumes (large $Pr$). The onset of the oscillations takes place at $Ra\,Pr^{-1}\approx 5\times 10^{9}$ and the onset of detaching plumes at $Ra\,Pr^{5/4}\approx 9\times 10^{10}$. These onsets coincide with the onsets of scaling transitions.
Incorporating physiology into species distribution models moderates the projected impact of warming on selected Mediterranean marine species

Species distribution models (SDMs) correlate species occurrences with environmental predictors, and can be used to forecast distributions under future climates. SDMs have been criticized for not explicitly including the physiological processes underlying the species response to the environment. Recently, new methods have been suggested to combine SDMs with physiological estimates of performance (physiology-SDMs). In this study, we compare SDM and physiology-SDM predictions for select marine species in the Mediterranean Sea, a region subjected to exceptionally rapid climate change. We focused on six species and created physiology-SDMs that incorporate physiological thermal performance curves from experimental data with species occurrence records. We then contrasted projections of SDMs and physiology-SDMs under future climate (year 2100) for the entire Mediterranean Sea, and particularly the ‘warm’ trailing edge in the Levant region. Across the Mediterranean, we found cross-validation model performance to be similar for regular SDMs and physiology-SDMs. However, we also show that for around half the species the physiology-SDMs substantially outperform regular SDM in the warm Levant. Moreover, for all species the uncertainty associated with the coefficients estimated from the physiology-SDMs were much lower than in the regular SDMs. Under future climate, we find that both SDMs and physiology-SDMs showed similar patterns, with species predicted to shift their distribution north-west in accordance with warming sea temperatures. However, for the physiology-SDMs predicted distributional changes are more moderate than those predicted by regular SDMs. We conclude, that while physiology-SDM predictions generally agree with the regular SDMs, incorporation of the physiological data led to less extreme range shift forecasts. The results suggest that climate-induced range shifts may be less drastic than previously predicted, and thus most species are unlikely to completely disappear with warming climate. Taken together, the findings emphasize that physiological experimental data can provide valuable supplemental information to predict range shifts of marine species.
Effect of Moderate Intensity Exercise on Body Composition Measurements

ABSTRACT The purpose was to determine the effect of 30-minutes of moderate intensity (45–55% of heart rate reserve) on post-exercise (PE) body composition (BC) measurements. Pre-exercise (PreE) BC measurements were taken using air displacement plethysmography (ADP) and bioelectrical impedance analysis including lower-body (LBIA), whole-body (WBIA), and upper-body (UBIA). Forty-eight participants (27 females) were assigned to an exercise condition along with 25 (12 females) to the control condition. BC measurements were recorded immediate PE (PE0), 15-minutes PE (PE15), and 30-minutes PE (PE30). PreE body fat percent (BF%) measurements were 19.7 ± 7.7%, 22.2 ± 9.5%, 24.5 ± 8.8%, and 26.0 ± 8.5% for the UBIA, ADP, LBIA, and WBIA. There was no effect of exercise on UBIA or WBIA. Decreases in PE BF% measurements using ADP and LBIA were found (~2.5%). ADP BF% at PreE was equivalent to PE30, but post-exercise BF% measures remained for LBIA. Therefore, it is reasonable to measure body composition via ADP at PE30.
Exceptionally Rare Genomic Combinations to Skip Sex: Blending Old Ideas and New Data

The unusual occurrence and developmental diversity of asexual eukaryotes still remain a puzzle. Despite asexual organisms have a theorized two-fold reproductive advantage over sexuals, asexual lineages are rare among multicellular eukaryotes. Justification of such disparity relies on the consequences of a lack of meiosis, which restricts genotype diversity and adaptation to novel conditions while accelerating the genetic degeneration that drives asexual lineages to an early demise. However, evidence indicates asexuals use different strategies to limit negative consequences of ameiosis, and age estimates show some asexual vertebrates and plants are much older than expected. If rapid extinction is not a factor influencing asexuals lifespan, then why asexuals are not more frequent? Here we review traditional ideas and new data and provide a novel unified evolutionary frame to understand the intriguing nature, developmental diversity and maintenance of asexual lineages. As a rule, de novo formation of a functioning asexual genome requires a unique assemblage combining particular sets of genes or gene states to disrupt cellular mechanisms of meiosis and gametogenesis, and affect discrete components of sexuality to produce clonal or hemiclonal offspring. We highlight two usually overlooked but essential conditions to understand the molecular nature of clonal organisms, i.e. a non-recombinant genomic assemblage retaining modifiers of the sexual program, and a complementation between altered reproductive components. These subtle conditions are the basis for physiologically viable and genetically balanced transitions between generations. Genomic and developmental evidence from asexual animals and plants indicates the lack of complementation of molecular changes in the sexual reproductive program is likely the main cause of asexuals' rarity, and can provide an explanatory frame for the developmental diversity and lability of developmental patterns in some asexuals as well as for the discordant time to extinction estimations.
Estimating the glomerular filtration rate in pregnancy: The evaluation of the Nanra and CKD-EPI serum creatinine-based equations

Aim To compare the performance of the Nanra and Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI) equation for estimating glomerular filtration rate in pregnancy against the 24 h urine creatinine clearance. Methods Pregnant women had 24 h urine collections with simultaneous serum creatinine levels. Measured 24 h urine creatinine clearance was compared to two equations: Nanra and CKD-EPI. Level of concordance was measured, with an a priori bias acceptance of ±15 ml/min/1.73 m2. Results A total of 53 synchronous urine and serum creatinine samples were analysed. The Nanra equation had a bias of −13.4 ml/min/1.73 m2 while the CKD-EPI equation had bias of 14.2 ml/min/1.73 m2. Both equations showed a high degree of proportional error and had poor agreement with 24 h urine creatinine clearance. Conclusions None of the equations were shown to reliably measure the estimated glomerular filtration rate in pregnant women. A valid serum creatinine-based estimated glomerular filtration rate equation in pregnancy is yet to be established.
Oligoryzomys delticola es sinónimo de O. nigripes (Rodentia, Cricetidae, Sigmodontinae)

El género de roedores colilargos Oligoryzomys Bangs, 1900 forma parte de la tribu Oryzomyini (Cricetidae, Sigmodontinae) y posee una extensa distribución americana desde Tierra del Fuego hasta el sur de México. A pesar de numerosos estudios taxonómicos, usando tanto evidencia morfológica (e.g., Langguth, 1963; Massoia, 1973; Myers y Carleton, 1981) como cromosómica (e.g., Brum-Zorrilla et al., 1988; Espinosa y Reig, 1991; Aniskin y Volobouev, 1999; Bonvicino et al., 2001), su diversidad alfa aún es pobremente entendida. El tener un panorama taxonómico claro y resuelto para el género Oligoryzomys es importante no sólo para caracterizar adecuadamente la diversidad alfa de los roedores neotropicales, sino también por razones epidemiológicas, ya que muchas de las especies de Oligoryzomys son reservorios de Hantavirus (e.g., Delfraro et al., 2003). En Uruguay hay registros de dos especies de Oligoryzomys (véase Langguth, 1963): O. flavescens (Waterhouse, 1837) y O. delticola (Thomas, 1917). La primera especie se distribuye también en el litoral, centro y norte de Argentina (Cirignoli et al., en prensa), y sudeste de Brasil (Weksler y Bonvicino, 2005). Ciertas poblaciones de Bolivia también se asignan a este taxón (Anderson, 1997). O. delticola, se encuentra también en el centroeste de Argentina, desde el sur de la provincia de Entre Ríos hasta el nordeste de la provincia de Buenos Aires (Cirignoli et al., en prensa; Udrizar et al., 2005). O. nigripes (Olfers, 1818) se distribuye en Paraguay oriental (Myers y Carleton, 1981), el nordeste de Argentina (Cirignoli et al., en prensa) y en el sur y este de Brasil (Weksler y Bonvicino, 2005). Análisis previos basados en evidencia cromosómica (Andrades-Miranda et al., 2001) y morfológica (Bonvicino y Weskler, 1998) cuestionan la distinción de O. delticola y O. nigripes (ver Weksler y Bonvicino, 2005). Estas observaciones cobran relevancia a la luz de análisis filogenéticos preliminares basados en secuencias de ADN mitocondrial que indican que O. delticola y O. nigripes son especies cercanamente relacionadas (E. Palma, com. pers). El objetivo del presente trabajo es evaluar el estatus taxonómico de las poblaciones actualmente asignadas a O. delticola, con respecto a su distinción de O. nigripes. La estrategia de trabajo consiste en realizar un estudio filogeográfico basado en secuencias de ADN mitocondrial. Se estudiaron 41 ejemplares asignados a O. nigripes pertenecientes a 15 localidades de Argentina, Brasil y Paraguay, y 8 ejemplares asignados a O. delticola pertenecientes a 7 OLIGORYZOMYS DELTICOLA ES SINÓNIMO DE O. NIGRIPES (RODENTIA, CRICETIDAE, SIGMODONTINAE)