Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Concentrated-Flux-Type PM Machine With Irregular Magnets and Iron Poles

Most industrial applications concern output torque, rotor mass, and utilization of rare Earth permanent-magnet (PM) material of electrical machines. Generally, it is challenging to improve these aspects simultaneously. The objective of this article is to propose a novel concentrated-flux-type PM machine with irregular magnets and iron poles (CPMIP). The configuration has following advantages. First, the employment of quasitrapezoid magnets with opposite magnetization direction and large cross-section helps to enhance the flux-focusing effect and thus the torque generation. Second, the quasitriangular iron poles can improve the magnetic self-shielding effect well, and thus the rotor yoke can be removed completely and the rotor mass could be reduced significantly. Third, due to the reduction of PM volume and the improvement of torque output, the PM utilization ratio of electrical machine can be increased greatly. The schematic structure and pole patterns of the proposed electric machine are presented. Subsequently, the equivalent magnet circuit is established to validate the performance improvement of the CPMIP machine. Then, the design improvement with offset iron-pole arc is proposed to suppress torque ripple and balance torque output and PM utilization ratio capability well. Following that, an electrical machine with the irregular magnets and iron poles is designed. Then, the electromagnetic characteristics of the proposed pole designs are compared with those of the electric machines with conventional radial, Halbach, and consequent-pole patterns. Finally, the research prototype is developed, and experiments are conducted to verify the design concept and analysis of CPMIP machine.
Numerical Study of Natural Gas/Diesel Reactivity Controlled Compression Ignition Combustion with Large Eddy Simulation and Reynolds-Averaged Navier–Stokes Model

In the current study, a comparative study is performed using Large Eddy Simulation (LES) and Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) turbulence models on a natural gas/diesel Reactivity Controlled Compression Ignition (RCCI) engine. The numerical results are validated against the available research work in the literature. The RNG (Re-Normalization Group) k − e and dynamic structure models are employed to model turbulent flow for RANS and LES simulations, respectively. Parameters like the premixed natural gas mass fraction, the second start of injection timing (SOI2) of diesel and the engine speed are studied to compare performance of RANS and LES models on combustion and pollutant emissions prediction. The results obtained showed that the LES and RANS model give almost similar predictions of cylinder pressure and heat release rate at lower natural gas mass fractions and late SOI2 timings. However, the LES showed improved capability to predict the natural gas auto-ignition and pollutant emissions prediction compared to RANS model especially at higher natural gas mass fractions.
Longitudinal Analysis of Social Isolation and Cognitive Functioning among Hispanic Older Adults with Sensory Impairments

Objectives: Understanding the intersection of age, ethnicity, and disability will become increasingly important as the global population ages and becomes more diverse. By 2060, Hispanics will comprise 28% of the U.S. population. This study examines critical associations between sensory impairment, social isolation, and cognitive functioning among Hispanic older adults. Methods: Our sample consisted of 557 Hispanic older adults that participated in Rounds 1–3 or Rounds 5–7 of the National Health and Aging Trends Study. Longitudinal mediation models across a three-year span were estimated using Mplus, with vision, hearing, and dual sensory impairments predicting cognitive functioning directly and indirectly through social isolation. Results: Findings indicated that cognitive functioning was concurrently and, in certain cases, longitudinally predicted by vision and dual sensory impairments and by social isolation. Contrary to expectations, vision and hearing impairments were not predictive of social isolation. Dual sensory impairment was associated with social isolation, yet no significant indirect associations were found for sensory impairments predicting cognitive functioning through social isolation. Discussion: The finding that social isolation did not mediate the relationship between sensory impairment and cognitive decline among Hispanic older adults in the U.S. is contrary to findings from other studies that were not specifically focused on this population. This finding may be evidence that culturally motivated family support and intergenerational living buffer the impact of sensory impairments in later life. Findings suggest that Hispanic older adults experiencing dual sensory impairments may benefit from interventions that foster social support and include family members.
Multipoint Observations of Energetic Particle Injections and Substorm Activity During a Conjunction Between Magnetospheric Multiscale (MMS) and Van Allen Probes

This study examines multipoint observations during a conjunction between Magnetospheric Multiscale (MMS) and Van Allen Probes on 7 April 2016 in which a series of energetic particle injections occurred. With complementary data from Time History of Events and Macroscale Interactions during Substorms, Geotail, and Los Alamos National Laboratory spacecraft in geosynchronous orbit (16 spacecraft in total), we develop new insights on the nature of energetic particle injections associated with substorm activity. Despite this case involving only weak substorm activity (maximum AE <300 nT) during quiet geomagnetic conditions in steady, below‐average solar wind, a complex series of at least six different electron injections was observed throughout the system. Intriguingly, only one corresponding ion injection was clearly observed. All ion and electron injections were observed at <600 keV only. MMS reveals detailed substructure within the largest electron injection. A relationship between injected electrons with energy <60 keV and enhanced whistler mode chorus wave activity is also established from Van Allen Probes and MMS. Drift mapping using a simplified magnetic field model provides estimates of the dispersionless injection boundary locations as a function of universal time, magnetic local time, and L shell. The analysis reveals that at least five electron injections, which were localized in magnetic local time, preceded a larger injection of both electrons and ions across nearly the entire nightside of the magnetosphere near geosynchronous orbit. The larger ion and electron injection did not penetrate to L < 6.6, but several of the smaller electron injections penetrated to L < 6.6. Due to the discrepancy between the number, penetration depth, and complexity of electron versus ion injections, this event presents challenges to the current conceptual models of energetic particle injections.
Neoadjuvant Immunotherapy for Patients with dMMR/MSI-High Gastrointestinal Cancers: A Changing Paradigm

Simple Summary Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have transformed the treatment of mismatch repair-deficient (MMR-D)/microsatellite instability-high (MSI-H) colorectal cancers. These cancers have a high mutation burden and generate antigens called mutation-associated neoantigens (MANAs). ICIs activate T-cell immunity against these cancers, resulting in significant antitumor activity. Dramatic responses seen in patients with advanced-stage MSI-H gastrointestinal cancers have resulted in rapid clinical development of ICIs for patients with earlier stages of disease. Based on the available evidence, the pathological response observed in this context shows great promise, which encourages the use of ICIs as neoadjuvant therapy. Abstract Immune checkpoint inhibitors have revolutionized the management of mismatch repair-deficient (MMR-D)/microsatellite instability-high (MSI-H) gastrointestinal cancers, particularly colorectal cancer. Cancers with the MMR-D/MSI-H genotype often carry a higher tumor mutation burden with frameshift alterations, leading to increased mutation-associated neoantigen (MANA) generation. The dramatic response seen with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), which are orchestrated by MANA-primed effector T cells, resulted in the rapid development of these novel therapeutics within the landscape of MSI-H gastrointestinal cancers. Recently, several clinical trials have utilized ICIs as potential neoadjuvant therapies for MSI-H gastrointestinal cancers and demonstrated deep clinical and pathological responses, creating opportunities for organ preservation. However, there are potential challenges to the neoadjuvant use of ICIs for certain disease types due to the clinical risk of overtreatment for a disease that can be cured through a surgery-only approach. In this review article, we discuss neoadjuvant management approaches with ICI therapy for patients with MSI-H gastrointestinal cancers, including those with oligometastatic disease. We also elaborate on potential challenges and opportunities for the neoadjuvant utilization of ICIs and provide further insight into the changing treatment paradigm of MMR-D/MSI-H gastrointestinal cancers.
Common nutritional/inflammatory indicators are not effective tools in predicting the overall survival of patients with small cell lung cancer undergoing first-line chemotherapy

Objective Various studies have investigated the predictive significance of numerous peripheral blood biomarkers in patients with small cell lung cancer (SCLC). However, their predictive values have not been validated. This study assessed and evaluated the ability of common nutritional or inflammatory indicators to predict overall survival (OS) in patients with SCLC who received first-line chemotherapy. Methods Between January 2008 and July 2019, 560 patients with SCLC were enrolled at the Sichuan University West China Hospital. Eleven nutritional or inflammatory indices obtained before chemotherapy were evaluated. The cutoff values of continuous peripheral blood indices were confirmed through maximally selected rank statistics. The relationship of peripheral blood indices with OS was investigated through univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses. Harrell’s concordance (C-index) and time-dependent receiver operating characteristic curve were used to evaluate the performance of these indices. Results A total of 560 patients with SCLC were enrolled in the study. All the patients received first-line chemotherapy. In the univariate Cox analysis, all indices, except the Naples score, were related to OS. In the multivariate analysis, albumin–globulin ratio was an independent factor linked with prognosis. All indices exhibited poor performance in OS prediction, with the area under the curve ranging from 0.500 to 0.700. The lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) and prognostic nutritional index (PNI) were comparatively superior predictors with C-index of 0.568 and 0.550, respectively. The LDH showed incremental predictive values, whereas the PNI showed diminishing values as survival time prolonged, especially for men or smokers. The LDH with highest sensitivity (0.646) and advanced lung cancer inflammation index (ALI) with highest specificity (0.952) were conducive to identifying death and survival at different time points. Conclusion Common inflammatory or nutritional biomarkers are only marginally useful in predicting outcomes in patients with SCLC receiving first-line chemotherapy. Among them, LDH, PNI, and ALI are relatively promising biomarkers for prognosis evaluation.
Nanodroplet-Based Reagent Delivery into Water-in-Fluorinated-Oil Droplets

In vitro compartmentalization (IVC) is a technique for generating water-in-oil microdroplets to establish the genotype (DNA information)–phenotype (biomolecule function) linkage required by many biological applications. Recently, fluorinated oils have become more widely used for making microdroplets due to their better biocompatibility. However, it is difficult to perform multi-step reactions requiring the addition of reagents in water-in-fluorinated-oil microdroplets. On-chip droplet manipulation is usually used for such purposes, but it may encounter some technical issues such as low throughput or time delay of reagent delivery into different microdroplets. Hence, to overcome the above issues, we demonstrated a nanodroplet-based approach for the delivery of copper ions and middle-sized peptide molecules (human p53 peptide, 2 kDa). We confirmed the ion delivery by microscopic inspection of crystal formation inside the microdroplet, and confirmed the peptide delivery using a fluorescent immunosensor. We believe that this nanodroplet-based delivery method is a promising approach to achieving precise control for a broad range of fluorocarbon IVC-based biological applications, including molecular evolution, cell factory engineering, digital nucleic acid detection, or drug screening.
Driving magnetic turbulence using flux ropes in a moderate guide field linear system

We present a series of experiments on novel, line-tied plasma geometries as a study of the generation of chaos and turbulence in line-tied systems. Plasma production and the injection scale for magnetic energy is provided by spatially discrete plasma guns that inject both plasma and current. The guns represent a technique for controlling the injection scale of magnetic energy. A two-dimensional (2-D) array of magnetic probes provides spatially resolved time histories of the magnetic fluctuations at a single cross-section of the experimental cylinder, allowing simultaneous spatial measurements of chaotic and turbulent behaviour. The first experiment shows chaotic fluctuations and self-organization in a hollow-current line-tied screw pinch. These dynamics is modulated primarily by the applied magnetic field and weakly by the plasma current and safety factor. The second experiment analyses the interactions of multiple line-tied flux ropes. The flux ropes all exhibit chaotic behaviour, and under certain conditions develop an inverse cascade to larger scales and a turbulent inertial range with magnetic energy ( $E$ ) related to perpendicular wave number ( $k_{\bot }$ ) as $E\propto k_{\bot }^{-2.5\pm 0.5}$ .
A La2O3/MXene composite electrode for supercapacitors with improved capacitance and cycling performance

ABSTRACT Developing efficient electrode materials is a key towards high power electrochemical energy storage devices. Two-dimensional (2D) MXene shows excellent conductivity and electrochemical performance among other materials. However, the restacking of MXene layers may degrade their specific capacity and cycling performance. Considering this challenge, here we have designed a composite made of 2D MXene nanosheets and lanthanum oxide (La2O3) nanoparticles to overcome the limitations. The bifunctionality of La2O3 nanoparticles prevents the restacking of MXene layers and enhances the electrochemical properties of the electrode due to its good Faradic characteristics. The specific capacitance of the La2O3/MXene composite electrode is 366 F/g at 1 A/g, which is 4.5 and 3 times higher than those of the individual La2O3 and MXene. The composite electrode displays a capacitance retention of 96% after 1,000 cycles, which is due to synergistic effects between the two components and indicates the potential of La2O3/MXene composite for supercapacitors. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT IMPACT STATEMENT In this work, we designed a novel composite made of 2D MXene nanosheets and lanthanum oxide (La2O3) nanoparticles to enhance the supercapacitor performance. The excellent electrochemical performance stems from the synergistic effect between La2O3 nanoparticles and 2D MXene nanosheets of the composite electrode, where the La2O3 nanoparticles prevent MXene nanosheets from restacking, and MXene nanosheets offer fast charge transportation.
Teachers as Researchers: An Emphasis on the Readiness and Attitude towards Action Research

This study explored the readiness and attitude of teachers in conducting action research. Specifically, the study aimed to determine the profile of the teachers, the level of the participants' research readiness, the extent of the participant's attitude toward action research, and the factors that hinder the participants in conducting action research. The study employed a descriptive-correlational research design. Frequency counts, percentages, weighted mean, one-way ANOVA, and Pearson product-moment correlation were used in the study. Results revealed that the participants had a relatively high level of education and experience in teaching, but their research involvement was limited. The participants were motivated to conduct action research, but their research literacy and analysis skills needed improvement. In addition, the study highlighted the need for support from various stakeholders to equip teachers with the necessary knowledge and skills to conduct action research effectively. The hindering factors to conducting action research were overburdened work schedules, lack of fundamental skills, and inadequate training and experience. Several factors, including research outlook, research interest, research benefit, research motivation, research literacy, research support, and research analysis and interpretation, were found to have a strong positive correlation with research readiness. It is recommended that teachers may be provided more training, support, and resources for them to increase their research involvement and strengthen their readiness and positive attitude toward action research.
Detecting Reporting Errors in Data from Decentralised Autonomous Administrations with an Application to Hospital Data

Abstract Administrative data sources are increasingly used by National Statistical Institutes to compile statistics. These sources may be based on decentralised autonomous administrations, for instance municipalities that deliver data on their inhabitants. One issue that may arise when using these decentralised administrative data is that categorical variables are underreported by some of the data suppliers, for instance to avoid administrative burden. Under certain conditions overreporting may also occur. When statistical output on changes is estimated from decentralised administrative data, the question may arise whether those changes are affected by shifts in reporting frequencies. For instance, in a case study on hospital data, the values from certain data suppliers may have been affected by changes in reporting frequencies. We present an automatic procedure to detect suspicious data suppliers in decentralised administrative data in which shifts in reporting behaviour are likely to have affected the estimated output. The procedure is based on a predictive mean matching approach, where part of the original data values are replaced by imputed values obtained from a selected reference group. The method is successfully applied to a case study with administrative hospital data.
Cognitive Impairment in Cardiovascular Patients after Myocardial Infarction: Prospective Clinical Study

(1) Background: Assessment of cognitive function is not routine in cardiac patients, and knowledge on the subject remains limited. The aim of this study was to assess post-myocardial infarction (MI) cognitive functioning in order to determine the frequency of cognitive impairment (CI) and to identify factors that may influence it. (2) Methods: A prospective study included 468 patients hospitalized for MI. Participants were assessed twice: during the first hospitalization and 6 months later. The Mini-Mental State Examination was used to assess the occurrence of CI. (3) Results: Cognitive dysfunction based on the MMSE was found in 37% (N-174) of patients during the first hospitalization. After 6 months, the prevalence of deficits decreased significantly to 25% (N-91) (p < 0.001). Patients with CI significantly differed from those without peri-infarction deficits in the GFR, BNP, ejection fraction and SYNTAX score, while after 6 months, significant differences were observed in LDL and HCT levels. There was a high prevalence of non-cognitive mental disorders among post-MI patients. (4) Conclusions: There is a high prevalence of CI and other non-cognitive mental disorders, such as depression, sleep disorders and a tendency to aggression, among post-MI patients. The analysis of the collected material indicates a significant impact of worse cardiac function expressed as EF and BNP, greater severity of coronary atherosclerosis expressed by SYNTAX results, and red blood cell parameters and LDL levels on the occurrence of CI in the post-MI patient population.
Personalized Medicine in Cancer Pain Management

Background: Previous studies have documented pain as an important concern for quality of life (QoL) and one of the most challenging manifestations for cancer patients. Thus, cancer pain management (CPM) plays a key role in treating pain related to cancer. The aim of this systematic review was to investigate CPM, with an emphasis on personalized medicine, and introduce new pharmacogenomics-based procedures for detecting and treating cancer pain patients. Methods: This study systematically reviewed PubMed from 1990 to 2023 using keywords such as cancer, pain, and personalized medicine. A total of 597 publications were found, and after multiple filtering processes, 75 papers were included. In silico analyses were performed using the GeneCards, STRING-MODEL, miRTargetLink2, and PharmGKB databases. Results: The results reveal that recent reports have mainly focused on personalized medicine strategies for CPM, and pharmacogenomics-based data are rapidly being introduced. The literature review of the 75 highly relevant publications, combined with the bioinformatics results, identified a list of 57 evidence-based genes as the primary gene list for further personalized medicine approaches. The most frequently mentioned genes were CYP2D6, COMT, and OPRM1. Moreover, among the 127 variants identified through both the literature review and data mining in the PharmGKB database, 21 variants remain as potential candidates for whole-exome sequencing (WES) analysis. Interestingly, hsa-miR-34a-5p and hsa-miR-146a-5p were suggested as putative circulating biomarkers for cancer pain prognosis and diagnosis. Conclusions: In conclusion, this study highlights personalized medicine as the most promising strategy in CPM, utilizing pharmacogenomics-based approaches to alleviate cancer pain.
First Principle Calculations of Magnetic Proximity Effect Induced Valley Splitting on Heterointerface WS2/CoO(111)

The first principle density functional theory calculation has been done for calculating electronic and valleytronic properties on WS2/CoO(111) heterointerface. We have performed the structural optimization of the WS2/CoO(111) heterointerface and obtained the most stable structures by evaluating the binding energy between WS2 and CoO(111) surface. Electronic and valleytronic properties can be understood by band structures, density of states, and spin texture of the crystal models. The results show that non-magnetic WS2 becomes ferromagnetic because of the interfacial effect with the CoO(111) surface. The presence of CoO(111) near the WS2 gives magnetic induction which breaks the time-reversal symmetry preserved on non-magnetic WS2. Accordingly, the largest valley degeneracy is observed at Q and Q’ point in the unoccupied state, with the valley splitting up to 186 meV. Furthermore, the out-of-plane spin texture has also been calculated and the results show that spin configuration at Q and Q’ have opposite signs (up and down, respectively) indicating that the valley couple occurs on the heterointerface. Our results suggest that WS2/CoO(111) is a promising candidate for valleytronic applications.