Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Constitutive Model for Jointed Rock Mass

The effects of strength anisotropy of rock masses in slope stability problems are the focus of this paper. The source of the strength anisotropy can be attributed to many factors and the motivation of this study is to concentrate on the effects of planes of weakness, such as joints and bedding planes on the slope stability analysis. The limit equilibrium approach and finite element with shear strength reduction method are used for numerical simulations of slope stability problems. The finite element simulations take advantage of a constitutive model with embedded weak planes. The results obtained from the two methods are compared with each other. and D parameters are selected to be very close to that of the intact rock. This will help capture the anisotropic effects caused by dominant weak planes in a rock mass. 3 CONSTITUTIVE MODEL The constitutive model developed for the commercial finite element package, Phase (Rocscience Inc. 2011), considers the Generalized Hoek-Brown model for the matrix and can include up to three sets of Coulomb weak planes. Tension cut offs are also considered for the matrix and the weak planes. In the formulation of this constitutive model, the total number of yield functions adds up to eight, not all of which needs to be active simultaneously. In the following sections the integration procedure of the constitutive equations and some application examples are presented. 3.1 Integration of the constitutive equations Considering a multi-yield surface constitutive model where ( ) 0 ij F   is a set of yield surfaces and ( ) . ij Q const    , the corresponding set of plastic potentials, the basic elasto-plastic equations are:
Clinical, Histopathologic and Genetic Features of Rhabdoid Meningiomas

Rhabdoid meningiomas (RM) shows heterogeneous histological findings, and a wide variety of chromosomal copy number alterations (CNA) are associated with an unpredictable course of the disease. In this study, we analyzed a series of 305 RM samples from patients previously reported in the literature and 33 samples from 23 patients studied in our laboratory. Monosomy 22-involving the minimal but most common recurrent region loss of the 22q11.23 chromosomal region was the most observed chromosomal alteration, followed by losses of chromosomes 14, 1, 6, and 19, polysomies of chromosomes 17, 1q, and 20, and gains of 13q14.2, 10p13, and 21q21.2 chromosomal regions. Based on their CNA profile, RM could be classified into two genetic subgroups with distinct clinicopathologic features characterized by the presence of (1) chromosomal losses only and (2) combined losses and gains of several chromosomes. The latter displays a higher frequency of WHO grade 3 tumors and poorer clinical outcomes.
Magnetic properties and spin polarization of Co 2 MnSi Heusler alloy thin films epitaxially grown on GaAs(001)

Single-crystalline ${\mathrm{Co}}_{2}\mathrm{MnSi}$ Heusler alloy films have been grown on GaAs(001) substrates by pulsed laser deposition (PLD). The best crystallographic quality of the ${\mathrm{Co}}_{2}\mathrm{MnSi}$ films has been achieved after deposition at 450 K. The films exhibit in-plane uniaxial magnetic anisotropy with the easy axis of magnetization along the [1-10] direction superimposed with a fourfold anisotropy with the easy axis along ⟨110⟩. Spin-resolved photoemission measurements of the single-crystalline ${\mathrm{Co}}_{2}\mathrm{MnSi}$ films reveal a spin-resolved density of states that is in qualitative agreement with recent band structure calculations. The spin polarization of photoelectrons close to the Fermi level is found to be at most 12%, in contrast to the predicted half-metallic behavior. We suggest that these discrepancies may be attributed to a partial chemical disorder in the ${\mathrm{Co}}_{2}\mathrm{MnSi}$ lattice.
The role of receptor‐type protein tyrosine phosphatases in cancer

Receptor‐type protein tyrosine phosphatases (RPTPs), Class I protein tyrosine phosphatases, are involved in human tumor cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration, and invasion through reversible phosphorylation of tyrosine residues. This review summarizes the expression and role of RPTPs in cancer and illustrates the signaling pathway mechanisms of effecting oncogenesis, tumor progression, prognosis, and angiogenesis, so as to provide more effective targets for gene therapy of related cancers.
THE CHRONOLOGY OF THE FORMATION OF THE GALAXY

Recent advances in our understanding of horizontal-branch (HB) stars and in precision CCD photometry make it possible to establish a chronology of the formation of the Galaxy from the fossil record. The Lee, Demarque, and Zinn HB evolutionary models and the inferred age-metallicity relation of the galactic globular cluster system are now strengthened by many pieces of supporting evidence from RR Lyrae stars that the radial variation in HB morphology observed in the halo continues to the very center of the Galaxy, which suggests that the formation of the bulge and halo was an inside-out process. These two crucial pieces of information are combined to extend the Searle and Zinn picture of halo formation to include the formation of the bulge and disk. The emerging picture is consistent with the idea that galaxies formed as clusters and mergers of many small gas-rich subsystems, rather than by the rapid collapse of single large protogalactic clouds.
Frobenius Full Matrix Algebras and Gorenstein Tiled Orders

ABSTRACT For integers n ≥ 2, n × n full matrix algebras with structure systems are introduced in Fujita (2003) as a framework to study certain factor algebras of tiled orders. Such factor algebras of Gorenstein tiled orders are Frobenius full matrix algebras. In this article, we verify that for every integer n ≤ 7, the converse is true. For every integer n ≥ 8, we show that the converse is not true, that is, there are Frobenius n × n full matrix algebras having no corresponding Gorenstein tiled orders.
Gender-Specific Prevalence and Risk Factors of Sarcopenic Obesity in the Korean Elderly Population: A Nationwide Cross-Sectional Study

Sarcopenic obesity (SO) is characterized by the combination of sarcopenia and obesity. This study evaluates the gender-specific prevalence of SO and examines the identified gender-specific risk factors in a community-dwelling elderly population aged 75–84 years. A total of 813 subjects participated in the study via the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. The SO prevalence in males and females was 15.46% (95%CI: 11.36–20.70) and 13.59% (95%CI: 10.59–17.28), respectively. The clinical sex-specific risk factors for males were low height, high weight, body mass index, waist circumference, skeletal muscle index, fasting glucose, and triglycerides. The clinical risk factors for females were low height, high weight, body mass index, waist circumference, skeletal muscle index, smoking status, fasting glucose, total cholesterol, and systolic blood pressure. These results are essential to assist healthcare professionals and primary care clinicians with early detection, diagnosis, and intervention for potential SO patients by acknowledging the sex-based prevalence and risk factors.
Optimal Retirement with Disability Pensions

This paper develops a general equilibrium life-cycle model with endogenous retirement that focuses on the interplay between old-age pensions (OAP) and disability pensions (DP) in Germany. Germany has introduced a phased-in increase of the normal retirement age from age 65 to 67 (Reform 2007) and closed off other routes to early OAP retirement. This reform was followed by a phased-in expansion of future DP benefits (Reform 2018). Our simulation results indicate that the first reform will induce a shift toward DP retirement, while the Reform 2018 will even neutralize the financial and economic gains of the Reform 2007 if current DP eligibility and benefit rules remain unchanged. We therefore highlight the increased relevance of DP when reforming the retirement system and retirement incentives in an aging society. Securing the financial stability of public pensions requires activation and rehabilitation of sick elderly in the workforce and tight access to disability benefits.
Making sense of mental health: a qualitative study of student counsellors

ABSTRACT More and more people in the UK have poor mental health. Consequently, there is a growing demand for mental health professionals such as counsellors and psychotherapists. The aim of this study was to explore how trainee counsellors make sense of mental health in general and concepts like disorder, diagnosis and treatment in particular. We employ semi-structured interviews to explore what seven UK-based trainee counsellors thought and felt about mental health and disorders and how this affects their motives and intentions in relation to practice. A four-dimensional “Folk Psychology Model” (pathologising, moralising, medicalising and psychologising) provides a useful framework to illustrate and explain tension, complexity, diversity, contradiction and confusion among trainee counsellors' views. These views reflect more general contested epistemological, and perhaps even ontological beliefs, operating within and between relevant parent disciplines and professions about the mind and mental health.
Normonatremic Transient Renal Salt Wasting (TRSW) Is Not Rare in a Department of Internal Medicine

Background: We previously reported that for around 5% of patients hospitalized with hyponatremia, it was related to what is called “transient renal salt wasting” (TRSW). In the present study we ask whether TRSW can also be observed in patients without hyponatremia. Methods: In this observational retrospective study we analyze the urine solute excretion of 200 consecutive normonatremic patients with normal kidney function and admitted in our department over one year. Patients were selected for analyses of FE.K, UCa/UCr and FE.PO4 if FE.Na was higher than 2% (N < 1.6%) before any treatment, and only if they were not taking diuretics. Result: Eleven normonatremic patients presented with transient high FE.Na > 2% on admission (2.9 ± 0.6% with a high FE.K of 28 ± 6.4%; a high UCa/UCr of 0.37 ± 0.13 and a high FE.PO4 of 23.2 ± 9.6%). All of these patients were elderly. Seven were female and four were male. Neurological disorders were observed in six patients (three strokes, one transient ischemic attack, one syncope and one epileptic attack). Heart problems were observed in three patients (all angina pectoris, two of which also had HBP). One patient presented with rectal bleeding with HBP, and another presented COPD with a pneumothorax. One patient with angina pectoris showed a transient relapse after four days of hospitalization (FE.Na 3.6%). The urine electrolyte excretion in these patients are similar to those observed after furosemide intake. Conclusion: Normonatremic TRSW is not a rare observation, particularly in patients with neurological or cardiac problems.
Linear relations on hereditarily indecomposable normed spaces

We introduce the notion of hereditarily indecomposable normed space and we prove that this class of normed spaces may be characterised by means of F+ and strictly singular linear relations. We also show that if X is a complex hereditarily indecomposable normed space then every partially continuous linear relation in X with dense domain can be written as λI + S, where λ ∈ ℂ and S is a strictly singular linear relation.
PLOTS OF HIGH-DIMENSIONAL DATA

SUMMARY A method of plotting data of more than two dimensions is proposed. Each data point, x = (xi, * , xk), is mapped into a function of the form fx(t) = xl/ v/2 + x2 sin t + x3 cos t + X4 sin 2t + x5 cos 2t + , and the function is plotted on the range - 7r < t < 7r. Some statistical properties of the method are explored. The application of the method is illustrated with an example from anthropology.
Evaluation of the Relationship Between Quantitative Ultrasound Findings and Morbidly Adherent Placenta

Abstract Aim The accuracy of ultrasound findings in predicting the incidence of morbidly adherent placenta has been evaluated previously. In this study, we assessed the sensitivity and specificity of different quantitative findings of color Doppler and grayscale ultrasonography in predicting morbidly adherent placenta. Material and methods In this prospective cohort study, all pregnant women over 20 weeks of gestational age with anterior placenta and a history of previous cesarean section were evaluated for inclusion. Various ultrasound findings were measured. The non-parametric receiver operating characteristic curves, the area under the curve, and the cut-off values were assessed. Results A total of 120 patients were ultimately included for analysis, of whom 15 had morbidly adherent placenta. The two groups were significantly different regarding the number of vessels. Based on color Doppler ultrasonography, in predicting the morbidly adherent placenta, more than two intraplecental echolucent zones with color flow had 93% and 98% sensitivity and specificity, respectively. According to grayscale ultrasonography, more than thirteen intraplacental echolucent zones had the sensitivity and specificity of 86% and 80% in predicting morbidly adherent placenta, respectively. Echolucent zone >11 mm at non-fetal surface had a sensitivity of 93% and a specificity of 66% in detecting morbidly adherent placenta. Conclusions According to the results, the quantitative findings of color Doppler ultrasound have considerable sensitivity and specificity in detecting morbidly adherent placenta. More than two echolucent zones with color flow are recommended as the main diagnostic parameter indicating the presence of morbidly adherent placenta with a sensitivity of 93% and a specificity of 98%.
Numerical simulation of jet impingement relaminarization using nonlinear eddy viscosity turbulence models

This numerical study investigated a single air jet impingement at a constant temperature. Different RANS turbulence models, namely the v2-f model and four Reynolds stress turbulence models (the linear pressure-strain model, the quadratic pressure-strain model, the stress-omega model and the stress-BSL model) were employed to simulate and compare the numerical results with other published measurement data. Here, we show that the v2-f model has better numerical precision in simulating the local Nusselt number and velocity profiles and is in good agreement with a variety of Reynold numbers. These findings can assist scientists or engineers to improve mathematical turbulence modeling and industrial equipment for further development and to enable innovation.
Pengaruh Kepuasan dalam Memoderasi Citra Perusahaan dan Kepercayaan Terhadap Loyalitas Pengguna Aplikasi Go-Jek di Kota Pekanbaru

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh kepuasan dalam memoderasi citra perusahaan dan kepercayaan terhadap loyalitas pengguna aplikasi Go-Jek di Kota Pekanbaru. Penelitian ini menggunakan data primer yaitu data yang diperoleh dari hasil kuesioner kepada pengguna Go-Jek di Kota Pekanbaru. Data sekunder yang diperoleh berkaitan dengan literatur yang berhubungan dengan peneliti. Sampel dalam penelitian ini sebanyak 160 orang, diambil dengan metode Accidental Sampling. Metode analisis yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah dengan menggunakan analisis Structural Equation Model (SEM) dengan bantuan program SmartPLS. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa 1) Citra perusahaan berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap loyalitas, 2) Kepercayaan berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap loyalitas, 3) Kepuasan berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap loyalitas, 4) Kepuasan mampu memoderasi citra perusahaan pada loyalitas secara positif, dan 5) Kepuasan mampu secara negatif memoderasi kepercayaan terhadap loyalitas. This study aims to determine the effect of satisfaction in moderating corporate image and trust on user loyalty Go-Jek application in Pekanbaru City. This study uses primary data, namely data obtained from the results of a questionnaire to Go-Jek users in Pekanbaru City. Secondary data obtained are related to the literature related to researchers. The sample in this study was 160 people, taken by the Accidental Sampling method. The analytical method used in this research is to use the analysis of the Structural Equation Model (SEM) with the help of the SmartPLS program. The results showed that 1) Corporate image has a positive and significant effect on loyalty, 2) Trust has a positive and significant effect on loyalty, 3) Satisfaction has a positive and significant effect on loyalty, 4) Satisfaction is able to moderate corporate image on loyalty positively, and 5) Satisfaction is able to negatively moderate trust towards loyalty.
Validation of a novel numerical model to predict regionalized blood flow in the coronary arteries

Abstract Aims Ischaemic heart disease results from insufficient coronary blood flow. Direct measurement of absolute flow (mL/min) is feasible, but has not entered routine clinical practice in most catheterization laboratories. Interventional cardiologists, therefore, rely on surrogate markers of flow. Recently, we described a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method for predicting flow that differentiates inlet, side branch, and outlet flows during angiography. In the current study, we evaluate a new method that regionalizes flow along the length of the artery. Methods and results Three-dimensional coronary anatomy was reconstructed from angiograms from 20 patients with chronic coronary syndrome. All flows were computed using CFD by applying the pressure gradient to the reconstructed geometry. Side branch flow was modelled as a porous wall boundary. Side branch flow magnitude was based on morphometric scaling laws with two models: a homogeneous model with flow loss along the entire arterial length; and a regionalized model with flow proportional to local taper. Flow results were validated against invasive measurements of flow by continuous infusion thermodilution (Coroventis™, Abbott). Both methods quantified flow relative to the invasive measures: homogeneous (r 0.47, P 0.006; zero bias; 95% CI −168 to +168 mL/min); regionalized method (r 0.43, P 0.013; zero bias; 95% CI −175 to +175 mL/min). Conclusion During angiography and pressure wire assessment, coronary flow can now be regionalized and differentiated at the inlet, outlet, and side branches. The effect of epicardial disease on agreement suggests the model may be best targeted at cases with a stenosis close to side branches.
The Weather Impact on Physical Activity of 6–12 Year Old Children: A Clustered Study of the Health Oriented Pedagogical Project (HOPP)

It is commonly known that children do not engage in a sufficient amount of physical activity. Weather conditions and day length may influence physical activity of children. Little is known about the relationship between physical activity and seasons. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationships between weather conditions and physical activity in 6–12 year old children based on hip-worn Actigraph wGT3X–BT accelerometer data. The study sample consisted of 2015 subjects aged 6–12 years from the Health Oriented Pedagogical Project (HOPP) study carried out in Horten municipality and Akershus county, Norway. Six days of sedentary and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity data was gathered in January–June and September–October, 2015, presented as daily averages. The accelerometer-monitored physical activity of children grouped within nine schools was matched with regional weather conditions and assessed with the means of linear mixed models. Increased day length was associated with decreased sedentary behavior. Warmer temperature and dry weather were associated with increased moderate-to-vigorous physical activity after adjusting for age and sex. One-hour increase in daylight resulted in a decrease of sedentary time by, on average, 2 min (95% CI = (−2.577, −0.798)). For every 5 °C increase in temperature (range: −0.95 and 15.51 °C) and dry weather, average moderate-to vigorous physical activity increased by 72 and 67 min (males and females, respectively) (p < 0.001). Days with precipitation had, on average, 10 fewer minutes of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity compared with days without precipitation (95% CI = (−16.704, −3.259)). Higher temperatures and dry weather led to higher physical activity levels, seeing larger increases among boys than girls. A school-based physical activity intervention program should be adjusted regarding local weather conditions in line with the present findings.
The Enjoyability of Physical Exercise: Exergames and Virtual Reality as New Ways to Boost Psychological and Psychosocial Health in Astronauts. A Prospective and Perspective View

On Earth, physical activity plays a tremendous role to preserve and improve the physical, psychological, and social well-being of people. The enjoyability, the appreciation, and the variability of the exercises are fundamental factors for the production of lifestyle benefits. Currently, exercise countermeasures for astronauts during long-duration missions focus more on the physiological side, frequently overlooking the relevant psychosocial one. Exergames are a form of physical activity that have taken hold in the last decades on Earth and has been widely accepted as a more enjoyable and engaging rehabilitation, reconditioning, and training tool compared to the previous conventional ones. After a review of the current needs of astronauts and of the positive effects of exergames on people on Earth, we suggest that exergaming should be implemented in space missions to improve physical, psychological, and social well-being of astronauts. We also propose practical methods on how exergames can be effectively implemented.
Partially polarized Gaussian Schell-model beams

We consider a class of beams that are both partially polarized and partially coherent from the spatial standpoint. They are characterized by a correlation matrix whose elements have the same form as the mutual intensity of a Gaussian Schell-model beam. We focus our attention on those beams that would appear identical to ordinary Gaussian Schell-model beams in a scalar treatment. After establishing some inequalities that limit the choice of the matrix parameters, we study the main effects of propagation. Starting from the source plane, in which the beam is assumed to be uniformly polarized, we find that in the course of propagation the degree of polarization generally becomes non-uniform across a typical section of the beam. Furthermore, we find that the intensity distribution at the output of an arbitrarily oriented linear polarizer is Gaussian shaped at the source plane whereas it can be quite different at other planes.
Viscous Drag Reduction Using Riblets on NACA 0012 Airfoil to Moderate Incidence

Results of viscous drag reduction using riblets from 3M on a NACA 0012 airfoil model up to moderate angles of attack are presented. Measurements made consisted of model surface pressure distributions, mean velocity and streamwise turbulence intensity profiles in the boundary layer (just ahead of the trailing edge), and total airfoil drag for two riblet heights of 0.152 and 0.076 mm. Results show significantly higher skin friction drag reduction with incidence compared to plat plate flows; the reduction was as high as 16% at ? = 6 deg. Results of mean velocity profiles show that a larger contribution to drag reduction results from the suction side of the airfoil, indicating increased effectiveness of riblets in adverse pressure gradients. Examination of turbulence intensity profiles in the wall region indicates an appreciable reduction in the presence of riblets; correspondingly, the spectra show reduced energy levels at low frequencies.