Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Le marécage de Fouwarate (Kenitra, Maroc) : site de conservation d'oiseaux menacés par l'urbanisation

La Merja de Fouwarate se situe dans le Nord-Ouest du Maroc, a l'extremite sud-ouest de la plaine littorale du Gharb, sur le cours de l'oued Fouwarate, petit affluent du cours terminal de l'oued Sebou. Cette zone humide est l'un des derniers representant d'un complexe de marecages qui occupait ladite plaine et qui offrait de larges habitats d'escale et d'hivernage d'oiseaux d’eau palearctiques; outre ce role que joue encore ce marais, celui-ci abrite une avifaune nicheuse variee, parmi laquelle se trouvent plusieurs especes rares ou menacees. Un programme de recensement hebdomadaire de l'avifaune de ce marecage, realise durant un cycle annuel complet (aout 2009 a aout 2010), y a revele la presence de 57 especes, reparties dans leur grande majorite (40 especes) entre quatre groupes : Limicoles (17 especes), Anatides (11 especes), Ardeides (7 especes) et Rallides (5 especes), mais les plus fortes abondances sont enregistrees par les deux derniers groupes et les plus faibles chez les Limicoles. Ce peuplement est compose a la fois de migrateurs (16 hivernants strictes et six migrateurs de passage, avec huit especes occasionnelles) et de reproducteurs. Representant 32 % du peuplement (21 especes), ces derniers donnent a la Merja de Fouwarate une valeur ecologique que peu de zones humides marocaines possedent. La valeur patrimoniale du site est surtout accrue par le statut de conservation mondial et regional des especes, sachant que quatre oiseaux d'eau sont inscrits sur la liste rouge mondiale des oiseaux menaces (Aythya nyroca, Numenius arquata et Limosa limosa, appartenant a des populations quasi-menacees, et Marmaronetta angustirostris, consideree comme vulnerable) et que 31 especes (plus de 50 % du peuplement) ont un statut de conservation defavorable en Europe. Malgre que la Merja de Fouwarate verifie au moins quatre criteres de la Convention de Ramsar (criteres 1, 2, 4 et 6), elle ne beneficie actuellement d’aucun statut de protection en dehors de son identification comme Site d'Interet Biologique et Ecologique. Au contraire, elle subit depuis longtemps des pollutions urbaines et fait l'objet de drainage et des remblaiements qui menacent serieusement sa presence a moyen terme. Mots-cles : marecage de Fouwarate, oiseaux d'eau menaces, criteres Ramsar, Gharb, Maroc.
Sustainable Irrigation Development in the White Volta Sub-Basin

This study on sustainable irrigation development identified growing markets for irrigated products as an important driving force behind the expansion of irrigation which has given rise to new technologies. The new technologies have spread because they gave farmers direct control over water sources. These new technologies allow relatively small farm sizes which can be adequately managed by the surveyed farmers. As a result high productivities are achieved. The hydrological impact of upscaling irrigation in the sub-basin is sustainable and will maximize the overall benefits derived from water resources in the Volta Basin.
DEKORP-atlas : results of the Deutsches Kontinentales Reflexionsseismisches Programm

This Atlas of data on the Continental Crust is the product of more than five years of field work, processing and interpretation assembled by the DEKORP-research group (DEKORP = Deutsches Kontinentales Reflexionsseismisches Programm). It is meant to provide the reader with a concise and complete overview of the DEKORP lines and their results, deliberately avoiding extensive geological or tectonic interpretations. It will leave the reader space and freedom for his individual interpretation or vision. The labels accompanying each section are self-explanatory regarding the field parameters and the most important processing steps. All the displays were produced and arranged by DEKORP's processing center in Clausthal-Zellerfeld.
Evaluating Marine Stratocumulus Clouds in the CNRM‐CM6‐1 Model Using Short‐Term Hindcasts

The representation of stratocumulus by the atmospheric component of the Centre National de Recherches Météorologiques model version 6 (CNRM‐CM6‐1) is assessed. An Atmospheric Model Intercomparison Project‐type simulation is first used to document the main model errors, namely, a large lack of stratocumulus over the eastern part of tropical ocean basins. Short‐term hindcasts, following the Transpose‐Atmospheric Model Intercomparison Project framework, are then used to better assess the timescales associated with the cloud bias growth and to highlight the processes leading to them. These biases are shown to appear within only a few hours, independently of errors in the large‐scale circulation that set up within a few days. Key processes underlying the low‐cloud formation are thus mainly local and, to the first order, do not imply any feedback between the model physics and the large‐scale dynamics. As a consequence, short‐term hindcasts provide a relevant framework to investigate whether the low‐cloud underestimate is related to errors in the large‐scale state variables or to errors in the model parameterizations. Sensitivity tests highlight that the involved processes arise (1) mostly from misrepresentation of subgrid effects on cloud formation and (2) partly from biases in drying induced by cloud‐top entrainment mixing. Improvements in the representation of stratocumulus in the CNRM‐CM6‐1 model might thus be expected by including a more realistic subgrid‐scale temperature and moisture distribution, that would link convective and turbulence processes. Finally, this study confirms the potential of short‐term hindcasts, which provide a trustworthy framework to evaluate and develop climate model parameterizations.
Gender and Justice

The current study addressed the issues of gender and racial differences in judicial waiver decisions in one state. The study provides an examination of existing juvenile justice research, and augments a neglected area of research regarding girls and judicial waiver. The present research examines the variables that influence the judicial waiver decision for girls and explores the differences between girls and boys who were judicially waived to adult court. Utilizing juvenile court data from 1994 through 2000, the current findings provide a fairly complex portrait of the effects of several variables on judicial waiver. Based upon the variables that were tested in this study, it is suggests that increased delinquency prevention programs, such as truancy prevention and increased counseling services for girls, are warranted. The findings also indicate that future research about the transfer of girls to adult court is needed in order to attempt to understand fully the variables that influence judicial waiver.
Geodynamic evolution of the Earth over the Phanerozoic: Plate tectonic activity and palaeoclimatic indicators

Abstract During the last decades, numerous local reconstructions based on field geology were developed at the University of Lausanne (UNIL). Team members of the UNIL participated in the elaboration of a 600 Ma to present global plate tectonic model deeply rooted in geological data, controlled by geometric and kinematic constraints and coherent with forces acting at plate boundaries. In this paper, we compare values derived from the tectonic model (ages of oceanic floor, production and subduction rates, tectonic activity) with a combination of chemical proxies (namely CO 2 , 87 Sr/ 86 Sr, glaciation evidence, and sea-level variations) known to be strongly influenced by tectonics. One of the outstanding results is the observation of an overall decreasing trend in the evolution of the global tectonic activity, mean oceanic ages and plate velocities over the whole Phanerozoic. We speculate that the decreasing trend reflects the global cooling of the Earth system. Additionally, the parallel between the tectonic activity and CO 2 together with the extension of glaciations confirms the generally accepted idea of a primary control of CO 2 on climate and highlights the link between plate tectonics and CO 2 in a time scale greater than 10 7 yr. Last, the wide variations observed in the reconstructed sea-floor production rates are in contradiction with the steady-state model hypothesized by some.
Curcumin induces heme oxygenase-1 in normal human skin fibroblasts through redox signaling: relevance for anti-aging intervention.

SCOPE Curcumin, a component of the spice turmeric, was tested for its potential hormetic anti-aging effects as an inducer of mild stress. METHODS AND RESULTS Early passage young human skin fibroblasts treated with low doses of curcumin (below 20 μM) showed a time- and concentration-dependent induction of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), followed by compensatory increase in glutathione-S-transferase activity, GSH levels and GSH/GSSG ratio. These effects were preceded by induction of oxidative stress (increased levels of reactive oxygen species and DNA damage) and impairment of cells' GSH redox state. Curcumin also induced nuclear factor-erythroid-2-related factor 2 accumulation in the nuclei. The use of the antioxidant N-acetyl cysteine prevented the induction of HO-1 by curcumin. Pharmacological inhibition of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, but not other kinases, significantly prevented curcumin-induced HO-1 levels, which was corroborated by the induction of phospho-Akt levels by curcumin. Late passage senescent cells already had higher HO-1 levels, and further induction of HO-1 by curcumin was considerably impaired. The induction of stress responses by curcumin in human cells led to protective hormetic effects to further oxidant challenge. CONCLUSION Curcumin induces cellular stress responses in normal human skin fibroblasts through phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt pathway and redox signaling, supporting the view that curcumin-induced hormetic stimulation of cellular antioxidant defenses can be a useful approach toward anti-aging intervention.
Advancements to performance-based earthquake engineering methods: From building code provisions to regional loss assessment

The essence of performance-based earthquake engineering (PBEE) is to design and assess structures to meet specific performance goals, rather than prescriptive requirements. This thesis applies PBEE methods to three problems: (1) evaluating the effectiveness of accidental torsion requirements for seismic design; (2) quantifying spatial correlations of building responses for regional seismic loss assessments; (3) developing and evaluating regional seismic loss assessment methodologies. (1) Seismic ground motions induce torsional responses in buildings that are difficult to predict. To compensate for this, most modern building codes require the consideration of accidental torsion when computing design earthquake forces. This study evaluates the influence of accidental torsion seismic design requirements on the performance of 230 archetypical buildings, taking collapse capacity as the performance metric. The study concludes that accidental torsion provisions may not be necessary for seismic design of buildings without excessive torsional flexibility or asymmetry. (2) The possible seismic losses to a portfolio of buildings are of interest for insurance and reinsurance companies, developers, and policy makers. Probabilistic estimates of earthquake- induced losses to portfolios of buildings require quantifying correlations between losses of the different buildings comprising the building stock. This study examines spatial correlations in building seismic responses. The results demonstrate that correlation patterns in building response parameters are closely linked to correlations in spectral acceleration measured at buildings' first- mode periods. Based on this finding, enhancements are proposed to state-of-the-art methods for regional loss assessment to account for correlations in building response. These building responses provide the basis for computation of earthquake-induced losses in the regional building stock. (3) This study compares current and developing probabilistic regional (portfolio) loss assessment methods, including those proposed in (2). Of particular interest are: the impact of directly computing losses from building response measures rather than ground motion intensity measures; identifying best practices for predicting collapsed buildings; and examining the sensitivity of loss assessments to other methodological decisions related to building stock classification, exposure, and key sources of uncertainty. On the basis of the identified strengths and weaknesses of the different regional loss assessment techniques, "high-end" and "simplified" methods are recommended for computing probabilistic regional seismic losses.
Fisheries Centre The University of British Columbia Working Paper Series Working Paper # 2015-51 Estimates of total marine fisheries removals from the Northwest of Spain , 1950-2010

Northwest Spain, which includes the autonomous communities of Galicia, Asturias, Cantabria, and the Basque Country, is one the main fishing regions of the European Union (EU), providing vital economic, cultural, and livelihood opportunities to its people. The present paper ‘reconstructed’ total fishery removals within the Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) and EEZ-equivalent waters of northwest Spain. The reported baseline of landings, taken from the International Council for the Exploration of the Sea (ICES), was adapted to include only catch within the EEZ of Spain. Subsequently, unreported landings were calculated for the commercial sector (industrial and artisanal), their discards, and catch from the subsistence and recreational fisheries. Overall, unreported catch was nearly twice the reported landings (188%), mainly composed of unreported commercial catch and discards.
Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth Receiver Function Investigations of Seismic Anisotropy Layering Beneath Southern California

Seismic azimuthal anisotropy characterized by shear wave splitting analyses using teleseismic XKS phases (including SKS , SKKS , and PKS ) is widely employed to constrain the deformation ﬁeld in the Earth’s crust and mantle. Due to the near-vertical incidence of the XKS arrivals, the resulting splitting parameters (fast polarization orientations and splitting times) have an excellent horizontal but poor vertical resolution, resulting in considerable ambiguities in the geodynamic interpretation of the measurements. Here we use P -to- S converted phases from the Moho and the 410- ( d 410 ) and 660-km ( d 660 ) discontinuities to investigate anisotropy layering beneath Southern California. Similarities between the resulting splitting parameters from the XKS and P -to- S converted phases from the d 660 suggest that the lower mantle beneath the study area is azimuthally isotropic. Similarly, signiﬁcant azimuthal anisotropy is not present in the mantle transition zone on the basis of the consistency between the splitting parameters obtained using P -to- S converted phases from the d 410 and d 660 . Crustal anisotropy measurements exhibit a mean splitting time of 0.2 ± 0.1 s and mostly NW-SE fast orientations, which are signiﬁcantly diﬀerent from the dominantly E-W fast orientations revealed using XKS and P -to- S conversions from the d 410 and d 660 . Anisotropy measurements using shear waves with diﬀerent depths of origin suggest that the Earth’s upper mantle is the major anisotropic layer beneath Southern California. Additionally, this study demonstrates the eﬀectiveness of applying a set of azimuthal anisotropy analysis techniques to reduce ambiguities in the depth of the source of the observed anisotropy. are Similarities among using the three deepest suggest insigniﬁcant anisotropy below the 410-km discontinuity • The study demonstrates the eﬀectiveness of investigating anisotropy layering using P -to- S conversions from interfaces at various depths
Pengaruh Besaran Akrual, Ukuran Perushaan, Volatilitas Arus Kas, Dan Volatilitas Penjualanterhadap Presistensi Laba (Studi Empiris Perusahaan Sektor Property, Real Estate and Building Contruction di Bursa Efek Indonesia Tahun 2017-2019)

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji dan menemukan bukti empiris mengenai pengaruh volatilitas arus kas, volatilitas penjualan, besaran akrual dan ukuran perusahaan pada perusahaan sektor Property, Real Estate and Building Contruction terhadap persistensi laba. Sampel yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah perusahaan yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia (BEI) selama periode 2017-2019. Total sampel adalah 39 perusahaan. Data dikumpulkan dengan menggunakan metode purposive sampling. Analisis penelitian ini menggunakan regresi berganda dengan program EViews 9.0. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa Volatilitas Arus Kas mempengaruhi Persistensi Laba sedangkan Volatilitas Penjualan, Ukuran Perusahaan dan Besaran Akrual tidak mempengaruhi Persistensi Laba.
Ultrafast spin dynamics: complementing theoretical analyses by quantum state measures

In theoretical analyses of ultrafast spin dynamics simulated phenomena are commonly discussed in terms of observables. In this paper we report on possible benefits of complementing such studies by quantum state (QS) measures. These measures quantify specific properties of QSs, e.g. distance in Hilbert space and mixing. For Co/Cu heterostructures illuminated by femtosecond laser pulses, we discuss the general behavior of selected measures, but address in particular the degree of perturbation by a laser pulse. It turns out that the measures are especially sensitive to variations of the polarization of a laser pulse and the sample composition. Moreover, they are closely linked to magnetization and number of photo-excited electrons.
Biogeographic patterns and Plio-Pleistocene extinction of Bivalvia in the Mediterranean and southern North Sea

An evaluation of the history of polysyringian species (filibranchs and eulamellibranchs) reveals that the huge early Pliocene bivalve fauna of the Mediterranean Basin (MB) and North Sea Basin (NSB) suffered heavy extinction during late Pliocene and early Pleistocene time. This is evidenced by low survivorship of early Pliocene species in the Recent and by a decline in species richness of the two basins from 323 known early Pliocene species to 198 living species. Several kinds of evidence indicate that cooling rather than the areal effect of eustatic sea-level lowering was the primary cause of the excessive extinction: (1) heavy Plio-Pleistocene extinction of mollusks was not global but concentrated around the margins of the northern Atlantic—an ocean fringed by polar ice caps; (2) taxa of tropical affinities were most severely affected; (3) heavy extinction occurred in the MB in areas not marked by facies change; (4) in the MB the onset of extinctions coincided with the onset elsewhere, but because of tectonic activity, water depths in the MB were not under tight eustatic control; (5) 14 species present in both the MB and NSB during early Pliocene time are now restricted to waters south of the NSB; and (6) the majority of species common to the two basins during the early Pliocene (eurythermal species) have survived to the present. Molluscan data support palynological evidence that the climate in the MB was warmer and less seasonal in early Pliocene time than today, when latitudinal temperature gradients are steeper. Molluscan evidence indicates that the North Sea is exceptional in being less seasonal (though cooler) today than in early Pliocene time, and we attribute this anomaly to the local effects of the Gulf Stream, which was strengthened in mid-Pliocene time by the uplift of the Isthmus of Panama. The heavy extinction in the MB and NSB about 3.2–3.0 ma ago approximately coincided with the earliest deposition of glacial tills in Iceland and with isotopic shifts in the tests of planktonic foraminifers preserved in deep-sea cores. Additional heavy extinction probably coincided with a pulse of severe cooling in late Pliocene time, 2.5–2.4 ma ago. Heavy extinction of mollusks in the MB and NSB continued into the early Pleistocene but not into the middle and late Pleistocene, apparently because by this time it was primarily only eurythermal species that survived. Today the molluscan faunas of the MB and NSB are unusually eurythermal; few species are restricted to a single biogeographic province.
Interactions Between Environmental Factors and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Developing Fish: Molecular and Developmental Implications

(Toxicology) Interactions Between Environmental Factors and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Developing Fish: Molecular and Developmental Implications by Carrie R. Fleming Department of Environment Duke University Date:_______________________ Approved: ___________________________ Richard T. Di Giulio, Supervisor ___________________________ David E. Hinton ___________________________ Joel N. Meyer ___________________________ Heather M. Stapleton ___________________________ Daniel Rittschof An abstract of a dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of Environment in the Graduate School of Duke University 2010 Copyright by Carrie R. Fleming 2010
Full‐scale demonstration of in situ cometabolic biodegradation of trichloroethylene in groundwater 2. Comprehensive analysis of field data using reactive transport modeling

We present an analysis of an extensively monitored full‐scale field demonstration of in situ treatment of trichloroethylene (TCE) contamination by aerobic cometabolic biodegradation. The demonstration was conducted at Edwards Air Force Base in southern California. There are two TCE‐contaminated aquifers at the site, separated from one another by a clay aquitard. The treatment system consisted of two recirculating wells located 10 m apart. Each well was screened in both of the contaminated aquifers. Toluene, oxygen, and hydrogen peroxide were added to the water in both wells. At one well, water was pumped from the upper aquifer to the lower aquifer. In the other well, pumping was from the lower to the upper aquifer. This resulted in a “conveyor belt” flow system with recirculation between the two aquifers. The treatment system was successfully operated for a 410 day period. We explore how well a finite element reactive transport model can describe the key processes in an engineered field system. Our model simulates TCE, toluene, oxygen, hydrogen peroxide, and microbial growth/death. Simulated processes include advective‐dispersive transport, biodegradation, the inhibitory effect of hydrogen peroxide on biomass growth, and oxygen degassing. Several parameter values were fixed to laboratory values or values from previous modeling studies. The remaining six parameter values were obtained by calibrating the model to 7213 TCE concentration data and 6997 dissolved oxygen concentration data collected during the demonstration using a simulation‐regression procedure. In this complex flow field involving reactive transport, TCE and dissolved oxygen concentration histories are matched very well by the calibrated model. Both simulated and observed toluene concentrations display similar high‐frequency oscillations due to pulsed toluene injection approximately one half hour during each 8 hour period. Simulation results indicate that over the course of the demonstration, 6.9 kg of TCE was degraded and that in the upper aquifer a region 40 m wide extending 25 m down gradient of the treatment system was cleaned up to less than 100 μg L−1 from initial concentrations of approximately 700 μg L−1. A smaller region was cleaned up to less than 30 μg L−1. Simulations indicate that the cleaned up area in the upper aquifer would continue to expand for as long as treatment was continued.