Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Intermittent Warming during Cold Storage of Peaches Packed in Perforated Polypropylene

Abstract Firm-breaker peaches ( Prunus persica L. Batsch cv. ‘Paraguayo’) were stored for up to 3 weeks at 0.5 °C in perforated polypropylene (PPP) bags and/or subjected to intermittent warming (IW) of three cycles of 1 d at 20 °C every 6 d of storage at 0.5 °C in PPP. Flesh firmness, pH, total soluble solids, titratable acidity, colour, taste and total losses were monitored. The reduction in ethylene emission observed in conventionally stored fruit supports the hypothesis that the ethylene-synthesizing system is impaired during the latency period of chilling injury. The transient peak in respiration activity observed in IW fruit after 12 h warming was probably associated with the restoration to normal metabolism. Both PPP and PPP + IW maintained fruit freshness and prevented chilling injuries and weight losses. PPP fruit required a post-storage ripening period. Although IW slightly increased senescence, the shelf-life was extended and the peaches were preferred for colour and taste. PPP + IW might be a useful commercial method for maintaining quality and extending shelf-life of peaches.
Crossbill foraging behavior, bill structure, and patterns of food profitability

The rate at which White-winged Crossbills (Loxia leucoptera) and Red Cross- bills (L. curvirostru) extract and consume seeds from conifer cones was measured in the laboratory. White-winged Crossbills were more efficient than Red Crossbills at handling small seeds, but the converse was found for large seeds. Time required to extract seeds (interseed interval) from conifer cones depended on the stage of cone ripeness and was usually greater than seed-husking time. Interseed intervals were greatest, and intake rates (mg kernel ingested/set) lowest, when cones were closed or when they were open, but had shed most of their seed. White-winged Crossbills were more efficient than Red Crossbills when foraging on spruce (Picea spp.) cones and when cones were open and full of seeds. Red Crossbills were more efficient while foraging on pine (Pinus spp.) cones and when seeds were difficult to extract from between cone scales. The differences in foraging efficiency were related to morphological differences between the two species; White-winged Crossbills have more slender, shallower, and less powerful bills than do Red Crossbills. The differences in foraging efficiency are consistent with patterns of crossbill distribution and conifer use in the field. Differences in bill structure may be related to increasing foraging efficiency during periods of food limitation. Differences in foraging efficiency among individual crossbills were consistent with the hypothesis that variation between the efficiency of individuals should be less when birds forage on foods used during periods of greatest food limitation than when they forage on foods used during less stressful times. Received 7 Nov. 1986, accepted
Long Head of the Biceps Tendon Tenotomy versus Subpectoral Tenodesis in Rotator Cuff Repair

Backgroud Lesions of the long head of the biceps tendon (LHBT) are one of the most common pathologies in patients with a rotator cuff tear. Although various procedures have been shown to be effective for treating LHBT lesions during rotator cuff repair, no consensus has been reached regarding the most effective treatment. The purpose of this study was to compare the outcomes of tenotomy vs subpectoral tenodesis of the LHBT in arthroscopic rotator cuff repair. Methods The records of 135 patients who underwent arthroscopic rotator cuff repair with biceps tenotomy or subpectoral tenodesis for a partial LHBT tear of > 50% were initially reviewed. Finally, 77 patients (38 patients with tenotomy and 39 patients with subpectoral tenodesis) with an intact rotator cuff, who underwent a functional evaluation at 1 year postoperatively, were enrolled in this retrospective study. Results The average follow-up was 13.3 ± 4.36 months (13.2 ± 1.4 months in the tenotomy group and 13.6 ± 2.7 months in the subpectoral tenodesis group; p = 0.416). Demographic and surgical data were not significantly different between the 2 groups. Preoperatively, biceps groove tenderness, Speed's test, and Yergason test results were positive in 27.3%, 27.3%, and 10.4% of the study subjects, respectively. Compared with preoperative values, all functional scores including shoulder muscle power were significantly improved postoperatively, and no significant intergroup difference was observed (all p > 0.05). A visible Popeye deformity was not encountered in either group at the final follow-up. Eight patients in the tenotomy group and 7 patients in the subpectoral tenodesis group complained of mild anterior shoulder pain (p = 0.731), and 4 patients in each group complained of groove tenderness (p = 0.969). No surgical or postoperative complication occurred in either group. Conclusions Both biceps tenotomy and subpectoral tenodesis performed during rotator cuff repair improved pain and function and resulted in comparable clinical outcomes. Residual symptoms associated with the remnant LHBT in the groove may not be a problem after adhesion of LHBT.
A multivariate approach to post-pollination changes in the floral scent of Platanthera bifolia (Orchidaceae)

The effect of pollination on floral scent composition and production in the moth-pollinated orchid Platanthera bifolia was studied. A significant decrease in scent production was detected both two and five days after pollination. The proportion of wilted flowers was higher in pollinated compared to control plants after seven days. A principal component analysis (PCA) showed how pollination reduced scent production. All scent compounds were affected by pollination, even though some compounds had larger impact on the overall scent reduction. A classification of samples offered a quantitative test of the changes found in individual plants after pollination. The induced decrease in floral scent production following pollination is suggested to be of adaptive value for both plants and pollinators.
SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC STUDIES OF A COLONIAL ASCIDIAN ECTEINASCIDIA VENUI MEENAKSHI, 2000

Ecteinascidia venui commonly available in Tuticorin coast was screened for its chemical value. Anlaysis of carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, phenols and flavonoids were done by Spectrophotometry method. A maximum of 45.82% flavonoids, 20.68% protein, 9.77% lipids, 9.21% phenols and 4.57% carbohydrates were observed in Ecteinascidia venui. Flavonoids are ubiquitous and serve as chemical messengers, antioxidants, antimicrobials and biological response modifiers in living organisms. Proteins lead to the formulation of a protein rich diet to fight against protein energy malnutrition. The present observation suggests need for further investigation of Ecteinascidia venui so as to isolate secondary metabolites.
The marine green and brown algae of Rodrigues (Mauritius, Indian Ocean)

The marine benthic green and brown macroalgae of Rodrigues, collected during an expedition in October 2001, are documented and 18 of the 60 taxa of Chlorophyta (53 species) and 18 species of Phaeophyceae are illustrated. Fifty taxa of green and 12 taxa of brown algae are added to the existing species list of the island. Turf algae and smaller epiphytic species are not or are only sporadically included in this study. All records are listed with bibliographic, biogeographic, taxonomic and nomenclatural comments. Infrageneric identification keys are included. The new combination Caulerpa mexicana var. exposita is proposed and the discovery of a new Udotea species is mentioned. The algal flora of Rodrigues is of a typical Indian Ocean composition but appears to be relatively poor when compared to the nearby island of Mauritius.
Collagen Content and Electrophoretic Analysis of Type I Collagen in Breast Skin of Heterozygous Naked Neck and Normally Feathered Commercial Broilers

This study was conducted to evaluate the breast skin collagen content and electrophoretic analyses of type I collagen in heterozygous naked neck and normally feathered commercial chicks. A total of 72 birds from each genotype were randomly selected at 7 weeks and slaughtered. Breast skin was separated from each carcass and was analysed for collagen content and gel electrophopresis of type I collagen was performed. Males had significantly higher level of skin collagen content than females in both genotypes. In the naked neck chickens α 1 , and α 2 bands were highly intensive than the commercial ones indicating that the collagen has become cross-linked by non-reducible covalent bands. On the other hand, normally feathered chickens had higher intensity of β and γ bands than the naked neck chickens.
αMβ2 (CD11b/CD18, Mac‐1) integrin activation by a unique monoclonal antibody to αM I domain that is divalent cation‐sensitive

The β2 (CD18) leukocyte integrins play a key role in normal and inflammatory immune responses. In resting leukocytes, these receptors do not bind ligands. However, when leukocytes are exposed to an appropriate agonist, high‐affinity ligand binding is achieved, presumably as a result of conformational changes in the integrin. In this study, we describe a novel monoclonal antibody, mAb 6C1, directed against the αM subunit, which directly induces adhesion of αMβ2‐transfected CHO cells to fibrinogen, ICAM‐1, and iC3b. Induction of binding could also be accomplished by monovalent Fab fragments of mAb 6C1 at concentrations similar to that observed with intact IgG, demonstrating stimulation of adhesion was not because of receptor cross‐linking at the cell surface. The binding of mAb 6C1 induces conformational changes in the receptor, as evidenced by the expression of an “activation reporter” epitope recognized by mAb 24. The binding of mAb 6C1 is modulated by divalent cations. Mn2+ promoted high levels of 6C1 binding, and Mg2+ supported low levels of binding, however Ca2+ failed to support binding. A unique distinction of mAb 6C1 is localization of its epitope to the αM I domain. The αM I domain is essential for ligand binding, can directly bind divalent cations, and participates in the regulation of αMβ2 ligand‐binding affinity. Thus, these studies have identified a novel αM I domain activation epitope of αMβ2 and support the idea that the I domain modulates the activational state of the β2 integrins.
Morphological divergence as a result of common adaptation to a shared environment in land snails of the genus Hirasea.

Mechanisms constraining phenotypic evolution, such as functional trade-offs, can cause phenotypic divergence in a common adaptation to use of the same habitat. This hypothesis was tested by field observations and laboratory experiments in Hirasea, a genus of endemic land snails of the Ogasawara Islands. Hirasea operculina was found on the large leaves of palm trees and possessed an extremely flat shell. In some localities, H. chichijimana and H. diplomphalus tended to rest on the leaves of broadleaved trees and on palm leaves, respectively, and in these localities these species possess a flat shell relatively similar to each other, although the former has a smaller number of whorls and a higher spire than the latter. In other localities, both of these species were found inside deep soil and with no difference in habitat use. In these cases, both species have a higher shell, but their morphologies are very different: H. chichijimana possesses a conical shell with a high spire and a small aperture, but H. diplomphalus has a discoidal shell with a deeply sunken spire and a large aperture. Experiments measuring the time needed for the snail to escape from a light to hide under artificial substrates showed that flatter shells were more advantageous to movement on substrates with foliated structures such as leaf litter, while higher shells were more advantageous on substrates with a fine particle structure such as soil. In one case, a relatively higher shell has been attained by a decrease of whorl expansion rate and an increase of whorl translation rate along the coiling axis (resulting in a highconical shell with a high spire), and in the other by an increase of whorl expansion rate and a decrease of whorl translation rate (resulting in a discoidal shell with a sunken spire). Both appear to be adaptive responses to the same burrowing lifestyle. These findings suggest that phenotypic traits can be diverse, even if they result from a common adaptation to a shared environment, if the adaptive changes have occurred from different starting points.
Rosellinia necatrix in Rosa sp. and an evaluation of its sensitivity to fungicides

In 2006 rose cultivation in the municipalities of Tenancingo, Villa Guerrero and Coatepec Harinas covered an area of 415 ha, representing a significant production value equivalent to 688,722,450.00 pesos. This crop is attacked by white root rot disease, resulting in plant losses since control methods are ineffective. The objectives of this study were to identify the fungus species associated with white root rot disease in rose plants and evaluate its sensitivity to fungicides. Samples of plants with infected roots were collected in Tenancingo, Villa Guerrero and Coatepec Harinas in the State of Mexico, obtaining nine strains. The fungicides quintozene, benomyl, fluazinam and thiophanate methyl were evaluated at doses of 1 g.L1, 0.6 g.L-1, 0.5 ml.L-1 and 0.6 g.L-1, respectively. The fungus associated with white root rot disease presented mycelium with pyriform swellings before the septum; as symptoms, mycelial cords were found on the root and neck of the plant. The fungus was identified taxonomically as Rosellinia necatrix Prill. (Dematophora necatrix (Hart.) Berl. ), which was confirmed by molecular analysis. The strains T1GRJ, T2GRJ and T3GRJ of Tenancingo and the strains VG1GRJ, VG2GRJ, VG3GRJ and VG4GRJ of Villa Guerrero were insensitive to the fungicide quintozene, while with the fungicides benomyl, thiophanate methyl and fluazinam no mycelial growth appeared. The strain T4GRJ of Tenancingo showed sensitivity to all fungicides. The strain CH1GRJ of Coatepec Harinas was insensitive to quintozene and presented slight growth with fluazinam, while with benomyl and thiophanate methyl there was no growth. ADDITIONAL
Effects of dietary lead exposure and graded levels of ascorbic acid supplementation on performance and haematology of broiler chickens

The effects of dietary lead acetate (LA) exposure on growth performance and haematological characteristics of broiler chickens and possible ameliorative effect of ascorb ic acid (AA) were investigated. One hundred and twenty day-old broiler chicks were randomly divided into six treatment groups of 20 birds with two replicates. Six isonitrogenous and isocalories experimental diets were compounded and fed to birds for seven weeks: T 1 (control) received diet I (0mg of LA and AA/kg feed), T 2 received diet II (200mg LA/kg feed), T 3 received diet III (200mg LA and 50mg AA/kg feed), T 4 received diet IV (200mg LA and 100mg AA/kg feed), T 5 received diet V (200mg LA and 150mg AA/kg feed) and T 6 received diet VI (200mg LA and 200mg AA/kg feed). Finally, two birds per replicate were randomly selected, weighed and slaughtered. For haematology, blood samples were collected into labelled EDTA - bottles. PCV, RBC, WBC and Hb concentration were determined using Auto Haem analyzer. T 2 showed significantly (P 0.05) lowered haemoglobin and RBC in T2 and T6 respectively. The PCV was numerically lowered in T 2 and T 6 . However, haematology of AA treated groups, especially those of T 3 and T 4 compares favourably with the control. In conclusion, dietary lead exposure negatively affects growth performance and haematology of broilers, which was ameliorated by as low as 50mg AA/kg diet supplementation.
Urgences psychiatriques aux urgences générales : dispositifs nationaux et régionaux

Les services d'accueil d'urgence (SAU) doivent faire face a une croissance des demandes psychiatriques. En France, la recherche evaluative sur les pratiques est peu developpee concernant les urgences psychiatriques (UP) dans les SAU. L'objectif etait de faire un etat de lieu de l'organisation des UP en France et dans la litterature pour la mettre en perspective avec la situation amienoise. Nous avons effectue une revue de litterature et une etude qualitative de services d'UP en France a l'aide d'un questionnaire en ligne et d'entretiens semi-directifs. Nous avons obtenu 52 reponses au questionnaire et dirige 21 entretiens telephoniques dans 14 services d'UP. L'organisation des UP etait heterogene. Les articles organisationnels etaient peu nombreux. Dans la majorite des cas, il ressort que : (1) un « circuit court » vers les UP etait possible ; (2) l'examen somatique n'etait pas systematique meme si les psychiatres le deploraient ; (3) certaines filieres de patients devaient prealablement demeurer dans le circuit somatique avant de pouvoir etre orientes vers les UP (suicidants, abus de substances.) ; (4) les services d'UP etaient situes a cote des SAU ; (5) l'architecture des services etait inadaptee ; (6) les services disposaient d'au moins une chambre d'isolement ou d'un equivalent ; (7) des infirmiers de psychiatrie avaient renforces les equipes d'urgence ; (8) des lits de court sejour etaient dedies a la psychiatrie. Des etudes systematiques sur l'organisation des UP sont necessaires. Il conviendrait de prendre en compte les experiences francaises et etrangeres dans la reorganisation des UP a Amiens ; et il serait interessant d'evaluer les resultats de cette reorganisation afin d'en diffuser l'analyse.
Molecular profiling of bacterial species in the caecum of geese

The purpose of this study was to analyse the microbial diversity in the caecum of geese using a 16S ribosomal RNA gene (rRNA) clone library approach. A total of 160 clones and 124 clones were sequenced and phylogenetically analysed from the contents and mucosa of the caecum of Yang Zhou geese, respectively. The result indicated that there was a rich variety of bacteria in the caecum contents. Forty-six operational taxonomic units (OTUs) based on a 98% similarity criterion were classified in the contents of goose caecum, as compared to 29 OTUs based on a 97% similarity criterion in the mucosa of goose caecum. The sequences were assigned to 7 and 5 groups in the contents and mucosa of goose caecum, respectively. Contents of goose caecum were dominantly occupied by Clostridia-related species (58.7%) with other abundant sequences being related to Bacteroidetes (26.9%) and Erysipelotrichi (11.2%). Gammaproteobacteria (59.6%) and Clostridia (20.1%) were predominant in the mucosa of goose caecum.
Phylogeny of the Ichthyopterygia Incorporating Recent Discoveries from South China

ABSTRACT During the last decade, abundant ichthyopterygian material has been found from the Triassic of South China as well as the Upper Jurassic and Lower Cretaceous of Europe and South America, significantly expanding our knowledge of ichthyopterygian diversity through the Mesozoic. Previous phylogenetic hypotheses of the group no longer account for these extensive additions, necessitating a new phylogenetic framework for the entire Ichthyopterygia to enable evolutionary studies of the group. We present here a comprehensive phylogenetic hypothesis for Ichthyopterygia based on cladistic analysis of 163 characters coded for 59 ingroup and five outgroup taxa. The monophyly of Ichthyopterygia is strongly supported by a Bremer index value of 7. Five major groups of Ichthyopterygia during the Triassic, viz., Grippioidea, Cymbospondylidae, Mixosauridae, Shastasauridae, and Toretocnemidae, are well supported by Bremer index values between 3 and 5. Major clades that evolved in the Triassic, including Merriamosauria, Euichthyosauria, and Parvipelvia, are also robustly supported, whereas most post-Triassic clades are very weakly supported with a Bremer index value of 1, with a few exceptions, such as Thunnosauria and Ophthalmosauridae. The traditional Shastasauridae is expanded to comprise six genera but excludes Callawayia, which is more closely related to Parvipelvia than to Shastasauridae. ‘C. ’ wolonggangensis is a shastasaurid but does not form a monophyletic clade with Callawayia neoscapularis or Guizhouichthyosaurus tangae as previously asserted. The new phylogenetic hypothesis is generally consistent with the stratigraphic occurrences of each taxon especially for the Triassic taxa.
Rosetas e concrescências cristalinas silicificadas em Piper (Piperaceae): registros inéditos de macropadrões

Piper L. (Piperaceae) e monofiletico, com especies de dificil distincao taxonomica, sendo necessarios ferramentas que auxiliem a identificacao interespecifica. Os objetivos do trabalho foram descrever os macropadroes e caracterizar in situ a composicao quimica dos cristais caulinares e foliares de Piper arboreum Aubl. var. arboreum, P. callosum Ruiz & Pav. e P. tuberculatum Jacq. , visando avaliar o uso dos cristais para a separacao interespecifica. Para tanto, amostras foram submetidas a analise em microscopias de luz e eletronica de varredura, microanalises espectroscopicas de raios-X por dispersao de energia e testes histoquimicos. Foram observados cristais prismaticos cuneiformes, tabulares, cubicos e bipiramidais; rafides; estiloides; drusas de cristais em bloco; rosetas cristalinas de estiloides e concrescencias cristalinas. Foram descritos 15 macropadroes cristalinos reunidos em tres categorias. Os cristais foram classificados quimicamente como: puros de oxalato de calcio e misturas entre oxalatos e sulfatos e entre oxalatos, sulfatos e silica. Rosetas cristalinas, concrescencias cristalinas silicificadas e 14 dos 15 macropadroes cristalinos descritos sao registros ineditos para inclusoes biominerais de Piper e Piperaceae. Os macropadroes cristalinos caulinares e foliares observados sao constitutivos e uteis a separacao interespecifica das especies estudadas. Ademais, os cristais desempenham funcoes relevantes para a autoecologia dos taxa de Piper analisados.
EFFECTS OF HERBICIDES ON THE GROWTH OF SOIL FUNGI

Summary Three methods have been used to investigate the effects of a number of commercial herbicides on the growth of certain soil fungi: measurements of hyphal extension across agar plates; measurements of hyphal extension along sterilized plant material; and manometric techniques. Three points, in particular, emerged from these studies. First, that there was no stimulation of fungal growth. Herbicide interference in growth included suppression of spore germination, inhibition of the rate of linear extension of the mycelia, and abnormalities in growth habit and in patterns of spore production. Secondly, that some herbicides (e.g. linuron and paraquat) were more fungitoxic than others (e.g. MCPA and simazine) to a range of organisms. Thirdly, that there were differences between fungi in their sensitivity to individual herbicides. All three methods have shown consistent differences between fungi in their ability to tolerate paraquat. Trichoderma viride, in particular, has been found to be sensitive to paraquat. The inhibitory effects were observed at concentrations well within the range likely to be experienced in the field.