Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Male Youth Ice Hockey Concussion Incidence in a USA Hockey Membership–Adjusted Population: A Peak in 2011 and the Impact of Major Rule Changes

Objective: To investigate the incidence of youth ice hockey–related concussions preceding and following the implementation of new body-checking and head contact rules by USA hockey in 2011. We hypothesized a decrease in concussions after the rule change. Design: Retrospective analysis. Setting: United States emergency department (ED) data queried in the National Electronic InjurySurveillance System (NEISS). Patients: National Electronic Injury Surveillance System reported male youth (≤18 years) ice hockey concussion cases from January 1, 2002, to December 31, 2016. In total, 848 players were diagnosed with concussion, representing a national estimate of 17 374 cases. Independent Variables: Time, specifically years. Main Outcome Measures: Incidences and incidence rates (measured per 10 000 person-years) of male youth ice hockey concussions. Annual trends were analyzed using descriptive and linear or polynomial regression analysis. Results: The national estimate of youth ice hockey–related concussions seen in US emergency departments (EDs) increased significantly from 656 in 2007 to 2042 in 2011 (P < 0.01). During the same period, their respective incidence increased significantly from 21.8 to 66.8 per 10 000, before dropping through 2016 (P < 0.05). After 2011, concussions decreased from 1965 in 2012 to 1292 in 2016 (P = 0.055). The gap in concussion incidence between the 11 to 12 and 13 to 14 divisions widened after 2011 (before 2011: 41 vs 49 per 10 000 person-years [P = 0.80]; after 2011: 45 and 89, respectively [P < 0.01]). Conclusions: US EDs experienced a significant increase in youth ice hockey concussion visits from 2007 to 2011. After the 2011 rule changes, concussion visits decreased significantly from 2012 to 2016.
Evaluación de residuos de ají (capsicum spp.) como sustrato en la producción de setas comestibles (pleurotus ostreatus)

Este estudio se inicia con el analisis fisicoquimico de los residuos de la ex- traccion de oleorresina de aji; potencial sustrato para el cultivo de Pleurotus. Estos se emplearon como sustratos solos, en mezcla y suplementados, cuya composicion se determino antes y despues del cultivo de las setas a las cuales se les hizo analisis proximal. Se utilizo un diseno experimental de siete tratamientos con tres replicas y con los hongos obtenidos se cal- cularon los indices: Eficiencia Biologica (EB), Rendimiento (R) y Tasa de Produccion (TP) parametros de referencia para comparacion. Los sustratos se inocularon con una cepa de Pleurotus ostreatus; aquellos constituidos por residuos de aji solo y de estos con cascarilla de arroz (SA, SB y SC) presentaron muy poco crecimiento micelial, atribuido a exceso de agua libre por baja retencion de esta en los sustratos por lo cual se desecharon. Los sustratos con mezclas mostraron distintas EB, siendo de 45,45, 36,70, 38,24 y 31,71%, respectivamente.
Interspecific variation in heat tolerance and evaporative cooling capacity among sympatric temperate-latitude bats

We tested the hypothesis that interspecific variation in chiropteran heat tolerance and evaporative cooling capacity is correlated with day-roost microclimates, using three vespertilionid bats that occur sympatrically during summer in Saskatchewan, Canada. We predicted that hoary bats (Lasiurus cinereus (Palisot de Beauvois, 1796); ∼22 g) would have higher heat tolerance than little brown bats (Myotis lucifugus (Le Conte, 1831); ∼7 g) and silver-haired bats (Lasionycteris noctivagans (Le Conte, 1831); ∼13 g), as the latter two species roost in tree crevices or cavities that are more thermally buffered than the foliage roosts of hoary bats. We measured core body temperature (Tb; passive integrated transponder tags), evaporative water loss, and resting metabolic rate (flow-through respirometry) while exposing individuals to a stepped profile of increasing air temperature (Ta) from ∼30 °C in ∼2 °C increments. Experiments were terminated when individuals became hyperthermic (Tb ≈ 42.5 °C), with maximum Ta (Ta,max) ranging from 42.0 to 49.7 °C. As predicted, hoary bats had the highest heat tolerance and evaporative cooling capacity, reaching Ta,max ∼2.4 and 1.2 °C higher than little brown and silver-haired bats, respectively. Our results are consistent with the hypothesis that heat tolerance of bats is correlated with roost microclimates, although interspecific variation in body mass and phylogeny may confound these conclusions.
Soil moisture in forest island and adjacent ecosystems in Sub-Saharan Region

Forest islands are widely distributed throughout West Africa savanna landscape. Stated as direct outcome of anthropogenic activity, these mosaics are often found around villages and are known for their unique and luxuriant characteristics of tropical rainforest. Althought significant studies focus on their ecology, works on edaphic factors that govern their establishment are very scare. The objective of the current study was to evaluate soil moisture dynamics in forest islands compared to that of surrounding savannas and farmlands at five sites located along a precipation gradient in Burkina Faso. For two years, from 2016 to 2017, soil moisture was monitored at a depth of 0-80 cm using a neutron probe. The results highlighted a seasonal pattern ranging from 42±2% during the heavy rainy month (August) to 16±1% during the dry season (October-November). Significant differences in soil moisture content soil water profile and water stock at depth 0 to 80 cm were recorded between locations and land use patterns. In general, soil moisture was on average 58% less in forest island than in croplands across sites. Soil moisture content was lower in topsoil (0-20 cm) compared to deeper soil (40-80 cm). The Study demonstrated evident link of soil moisture dynamic with rainfall and the vegetation pattern. © 2020 International Formulae Group. All rights reserved.
Caring Leader Identity Between Power and Powerlessness

This paper investigates what happens when managers’ identity is centred on caring, an underappreciated aspect of leadership. Drawing on a case study of managers in elderly care, we distil an ideal-typical caring leader identity as well as contextualised interpretations that suggest both problematic and constructive aspects. The caring leader identity implies a self-understanding as being highly present, supportive and helpful to subordinates’ development. We find that the belief of making a decisive difference to others’ development by caring for them can be a deceptive fantasy that incites over-dependence among subordinates, particularly for ambitious managers who experience pressing situations and little power. Under better but likely less common conditions, managers can develop more modest expressions of a caring leader identity, leaving space for subordinates themselves to define problems and explore solutions.
Pharmacognostic and physicochemical evaluation, HPLC analysis and antiproliferative properties of Kigelia africana (Lam.) Benth

Introduction/Objective of study: Kigelia africana (Bignoniaceae) is enriched with bioactive constituents and has thus found various uses in African folklore. This study aims to evaluate the pharmacognostic, physicochemical, chromatographic and antiproliferative properties of K. africana. Methodology: Standard methods were used to determine the qualitative microscopy, moisture content, ash and extractive value. Furthermore, HPLC analysis was conducted on the samples in order to detect and quantify some phenolic compounds (gallic acid, chlorogenic acid, rutin, ferulic acid, caffeic acid and quercetin). The Sorghum bicolor model was used for the antiproliferative assay. All experiment was carried out in triplicates. Results: Microscopy revealed amphistomata with the presence of non-glandular unicellular, uniseriate trichomes on K. africana leaf. Cellulose, tannins, calcium oxalate crystals on the leaf and stem bark, while the roots lacked calcium oxalate crystals. Ash contents were leaf (21.8 ± 0.1) %w/w, stem bark (4.8 ± 0.03)%w/w and root (3.9 ± 0.2)%w/w. Moisture content was (10.5 ± 0.5) %w/w and (9.5 ± 0.2) %w/w for the root and leaf parts, respectively. All values were within WHO limits for crude drugs. The stem bark and root parts contained more water-soluble constituents than alcohol soluble constituents. From the results of HPLC analysis the leaf, stem bark and root extracts gave 24 peaks, 16 peaks and 30 peaks, respectively, a few peaks matched with reference compoundsquercetin, caffeic acid, ferulic acid and rutin. Results of antiproliferative assay showed that methotrexate was significantly (p ˂ 0.05) more effective than the stem bark (from 2-64 mg/mL) with inhibitions ranging from 72.0 ± 1.4% 90.0 ± 2.4% and root extracts (from 4 – 64 mg/mL) that had inhibitions ranging from 50.3 ± 1.5% 97.7 ± 0.4% but comparable with leaf extract (from 16 mg/mL 64 mg/mL) with inhibitions ranging from 68.4 ± 0.8% 99.0 ± 0.1%. Conclusion: Further information which can be included in an official monograph of the plant for its proper identification and quality control has been provided by this study. Kigelia africana exhibited effective antiproliferative activities and the presence of phenolic compounds.
Genome-Wide Characterization and Evolutionary Analyses of Purple Acid Phosphatase (PAP) Gene Family with Their Expression Profiles in Response to Low Phosphorus Stresses in Moso Bamboo (Phyllostachys edulis)

Low phosphorus increases acid phosphatase activity and transfers soluble phosphorus from the underground to the above-ground, but also inhibits the growth and development of the Moso bamboo root system. Purple acid phosphatase (PAP), a kind of acid phosphatase, plays an important role in phosphorus (P) uptake and metabolism. In our study of the Moso bamboo PAP gene family, we identified 17 Moso bamboo PAP genes (PePAP) in the entire genome and further analyzed their physical and chemical properties and functions PePAP. According to the analysis of the phylogenetic tree, special domains and conserved motifs, these 17 genes can be divided into four categories. The gene structure and conserved motifs are relatively conservative, but the 17 sequences of the PePAP domain are diverse. The prediction of the subcellular location indicated that PePAPs are mainly located in the secretory pathway. We have studied the expression levels of these PePAP in different organs, such as the roots, stems and leaves of Moso bamboo, and the results show that the expression of most PePAP genes in roots and stems seems to be higher than that in leaves. In addition to tissue-specific expression analysis, we also studied the expression of PePAPs under low phosphorus stress. Under such conditions, the PePAP genes show an increase in expression in the roots, stem and leaves, and the extent of this change varies between genes. In summary, our results reveal the evolution of the PePAP gene in the Moso bamboo genome and provide a basis for understanding the molecular mechanism of the PePAP-mediated response of Moso bamboo to low phosphorus.
Erigeron sumatrensis Retz. (Compositae), a recently recognized invasive alien species in Bosnia and Herzegovina

Erigeron sumatrensis Retz. is native in South America, widely naturalized in Europe and has been recently recorded in Bosnia and Herzegovina. During the period of 2019-2020, it was recorded at 35 new localities in South Herzegovina and Central Bosnia. On the basis of the number of populations and the numbers of individuals within populations, we assume that this species is now invasive in Bosnia and Herzegovina.
Behaviour, welfare, and tibia traits of fast- and slow-growing chickens reared in intensive and free range systems

The behaviour, welfare, and tibia characteristics of fastand slow-growing chickens were evaluated in free-range and intensive production systems. A total of 720 birds of three strains were subjected to these systems after 21 days of rearing under the same intensive environment. Each treatment was replicated six times with 20 birds in each replicate. Data were collected for welfare aspects, including feather condition, footpad, hock joint and tonic immobility, behavioural features, especially feeding or foraging, sitting, walking, scratching, pecking and dust-bathing, and tibia characteristics, including weight, length, width, medullary canal diameter and robusticity index (4 8 weeks). Production system had significant effects on all welfare and behaviour aspects of the birds. However, tibia characteristics were not influenced by production system, except for medullary canal diameter. The strains differed significantly in welfare, tibia characteristics and behaviour. For example, the slow-growing strains had better feather condition, footpad d hock joint scores. Significant interactions of strain and production system were noted for all characteristics. It was recommended that Rhode Island Red chickens could be raised under either production system without compromising their welfare or causing adverse effects on leg health. ______________________________________________________________________________________
RETRACTED: User acceptance of machine learning models – Integrating several important external variables with technology acceptance model

Machine learning models enable data-based decision-making in many areas and have attracted extensive attention. By testing the factors that influence the adoption of machine learning models, this study expands the scope of machine learning models in information technology adoption research. Based on the machine learning background and Technology Acceptance Model, this study integrates the necessary external variables, proposes a research model, and further verifies the validity of the model through the survey of 192 users of machine learning models. The results showed that organizational factors, trust, perceived usefulness, and perceived ease of use are positively correlated with the attitude of machine learning models. Moreover, our findings show that the interpretability of the model has an important positive effect on trust. The factors examined in this study are the basis for the development and use of reliable machine learning models. And it has important practical significance for promoting user adoption of machine learning model. Meanwhile, these theoretical studies also provide a strong literature support for the adoption of machine learning models and fill the theoretical research gap in this field.
Technology adoption intensity and technical efficiency of maize farmers in the Techiman municipality of Ghana

This paper analyses the determinants of the intensity of adoption of improved maize technology, technical efficiency and constraints farmers faced in the Techiman Municipality of Ghana. To achieve the objectives, cross-sectional data were collected from 407 maize farmers. The data collected were analyzed using descriptive statistics and econometric models such as the Poisson model and the stochastic frontier model. The study found a positive and significant influence of extension contact, formal training, land ownership, hired labour, farm size and mobile phone ownership on the intensity of adoption of improved technology. The stochastic frontier model estimates also found maize farmers to be on, average, 70% technically efficient with increasing returns to scale of 1.26. The intensity of adoption, age, land ownership, livestock ownership and perception of soil fertility by the farmers with household size were found to statistically contribute to the technical efficiency of farmers. The study concludes that intensity of adoption of improved maize technology package elements increases productivity, and, therefore, recommends that subsidy packages and credit should be made available to farmers through government and other financial institutions to increase adoption intensity. This study addresses the gap in the use of improved and multiple maize technology in Ghana.
A Rhizogenic Biostimulant Effect on Soil Fertility and Roots Growth of Turfgrass

The excessive use of chemical fertilizers can lead to severe environmental damages. In recent decades, the application of biostimulants to improve soil composition and stimulate plant growth has contributed significantly to environmental preservation. In this paper, we studied the effect of a rhizogenic biostimulant, obtained from fulvic acids, probiotics, and prebiotics, on the fertility of two types of soils, sandy and sandy loam soils, in which turfgrass was growing. Soil samples from plots treated with biostimulant and controls (untreated plots) were collected. The analyzed parameters from the soil include organic matter, microbial activity, soil chemical composition, catalase, dehydrogenase, and phosphatase enzyme activities. Moreover, root lengths was examined and compared in turfgrass species. The biostimulant application improved microbial activity, organic matter, and enzymatic activity in both types of soils. The soil calcium, potassium, magnesium, and phosphorus content increased with the biostimulant application, whereas pH and electrical conductivity decreased. The most relevant improvement was a 77% increase of calcium for sandy loam soil and 38% increase in potassium for sandy soil. Biostimulant application led to a significant increase in turf root length. This increase was greater for sandy soil than in sandy loam soil with an increment of 43% and 34% respectively, compared to control.
A nexus between Green HRM (GHRM), Supply Chain Performance (SCP) and Business Performance (BP): The mediating role of Supply Chain Organizational Learning (SCOL)

Purpose: This study tests and analyzes the relationship pattern (nexus) of Green HRM, SCP, and BP. In addition, this study also tests the mediation role of SCP in analyzing the relationship between GHRM and BP and the mediation role of SCP in analyzing the relationship between SCOL and BP. Design/methodology: This study uses survey method. The survey is distributed to owners/managers of courier service SMEs in two provinces (Special Region of Yogyakarta and East Java) in Indonesia. The sampling technique is conducted purposively with 165 respondents. The data analysis technique uses AMOS 23. Findings: SCOL has a positive effect on SCP and BP and mediates the effect of SCP on BP. The most interesting about the findings is GHRM has no effect on SCP and BP and SCP does not mediate GHRM on BP. Research limitations/implications: Researcher use purposive sampling which has limitation of not being able to generalize the population in two provinces, namely Special Region of Yogyakarta and East Java. This is also not ideal approach to evaluate the impact of GHRM on SCP and BP and the impact of SCOL on SCP and BP. Courier service SMEs in this study have not implemented GHRM in ideal manner so they are unable to conclude the results in a comprehensive and transparent manner. Managerial Implication: Companies need to consider aspects related to the courier service industry, namely digitalization of information and green innovation so their contribution can be seen in improving whole business performance. In addition, it is necessary to divide SMEs that have practiced GHRM and those that are not so they can make strategies and policies related to GHRM, SCP, BP and SCOL. It is also necessary to examine other aspects in improving the business sustainability of courier services, namely the complexity and service strategy orientation. SMEs who have more SCOL strategy will better implement GHRM practices associated with SCP and BP. This is important since competition in the courier service industry is getting tougher especially when faced with foreign competitors who already have global service standards. Theory Implication: This study contributes the theory enrichment of SCOL aspect in mediating the relationship pattern between SCP and BP. This study also provides theoretical contributions namely GHRM has no effect on SCP and BP and SCP does not mediate GHRM on BP. Originality/value: Study which examines the role of SCOL, especially when it is related to GHRM, SCP and BP is still limited in Asia. SME owners in the courier service industry rarely have good data integration in the system. The implementation of SC is starting from upstream to downstream processes so that SMEs need a well-planned and integrated SCOL in each work unit which ultimately have an impact on SCP and BP.
A Convolutional Neural Network-Based Classification and Decision-Making Model for Visible Defect Identification of High-Speed Train Images

In high-speed train safety inspection, two changed images which are derived from corresponding parts of the same train and photographed at different times are needed to identify whether they are defects. The critical challenge of this change classification task is how to make a correct decision by using bitemporal images. In this paper, two convolutional neural networks are presented to perform this task. Distinct from traditional classification tasks which simply group each image into different categories, the two presented networks are capable of inherently detecting differences between two images and further identifying changes by using a pair of images. In doing so, even in the case that abnormal samples of specific components are unavailable in training, our networks remain capable to make inference as to whether they become abnormal using change information. This proposed method can be used for recognition or verification applications where decisions cannot be made with only one image (state). Equipped with deep learning, this method can address many challenging tasks of high-speed train safety inspection, in which conventional methods cannot work well. To further improve performance, a novel multishape training method is introduced. Extensive experiments demonstrate that the proposed methods perform well.
Transcriptional profiling of MED Bemisia tabaci exposed to thermal stress and verification of HSP70 expression

Temperature changes impact agricultural production and also influence the behavior and community structure of many insect species. Bemisia tabaci, is an invasive and destructive pest with at least 44 cryptic species and occurring in over 100 countries and regions. In this study, transcriptional profiling was used to evaluate the response of the Mediterranean (MED) cryptic species B. tabaci exposed to cold and hot temperature stress. In response to cold stress, 3,024 unigenes were differentially expressed and mapped to 39 Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment pathways. A total of 4,437 unigenes were differentially expressed during heat stress, and these represented 18 KEGG enrichment pathways. Quantitative RT‐PCR was used to determine the relative expression level of the 11 HSP70 fragments; these were significantly up‐regulated during high temperature stress relative to the control group that was maintained at 26°C. In conclusion, the transcriptome data indicated that B. tabaci responds to thermal stress via multiple genes and networks. Furthermore, HSP70 plays an important role in stress tolerance of the MED B. tabaci, especially during heat stress.