Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Two Approaches to Engineering Design:Observations in sTEm Education.

A comparative study was conducted to compare two approaches to engineering design curriculum across different schools (inter-school) and across two curricula Project Lead the Way and Engineering Projects in Community Service (inter-curricula). The researchers collected curricula material including handouts, lesson plans, guides, presentation files, design descriptions, problem statements, and support guides. The researchers conducted observations in the classrooms to collect qualitative indicators of engineering/technology reasoning, collect data on the nature of students’ questions, how students define problems, and operate within the constraints of a design problem. Todd R. Kelley, Ph.D. is an assistant professor in the Department of Industrial Technology at Purdue University. He can be reached at trkelley@purdue.edu. Mr. Daniel C. Brenner is a high school teacher at Bartlett High School. He can be reached at brenner_daniel@asdk12.org. Mr. Jon T. Pieper is a graduate student in the Engineering/Technology Education program at Purdue University. He can be reached at jpieper@purdue.edu. 6 JOURNAL OF STEM TEACHER EDUCATION Observational protocol studies were conducted on students participating in Project Lead the Way curriculum programs and with students participating in Engineering Projects in Community Service (EPICS). Students were asked to work through an ill-defined problem, in this case the problem of creating a new playground for an elementary school. The data from these protocols were analyzed using a coding process; a list of universal technical mental processes (Halfin,1973) and a computer program OPTEMP, (Hill,1997) to accurately record frequency and time of each mental process employed by the students. The data from the protocol results were used to identify common cognitive strategies employed by the students to determine where these students placed greatest emphasis throughout the observational protocol. General findings indicated that participants in the EPICS-High program were more solution-driven problem solvers, where the Project Lead the Way participants were generally problem-driven as defined by Kruger & Cross (2006). Additionally, the participants in both groups had completed advanced courses in mathematics, very little mathematics was employed (less than 3%) to describe constraints of the problem or predict results of proposed solutions. Over half of the students became fixated at some point on the provided picture. (Smith; Ward; & Schumacher, 1993). This study provides important insight about how students solve ill-defined problems, providing vital information for technology education as it seeks to implement engineering design.
Computer Display Placement for Progressive Addition Lens Wearers: A Field Observation of Multiple Display Conditions

A growing segment of the workforce wears Progressive Addition Lenses (PAL) to correct for age related loss of eye function. Many of these aging adults work with computer displays in their daily job tasks. There has been little research to determine display placement that best serves this group of workers. A field study was conducted to examine display placement for PAL wearers. Five conditions were examined; 1) using a notebook computer placed on the worksurface, 2) using a notebook computer positioned on a riser stand, with separate keyboard and mouse, and 3–5) using a separate 19 inch LCD display attached to 3 different adjustable mounts, each with separate keyboard and mouse. When PAL wearers could control display distance and height they selected an average distance of 26.8 inches from the eyes, and a height that created an average eye-to-screen angle of 19.6° below eye level. Based upon perceived eye and body comfort and user satisfaction data, external display conditions with adjustable mounts were shown to be the favored solutions and were associated with the least amount of perceived eye and body discomfort. This type of display support design should to be considered when offering PAL wearers' adjustment solutions.
Intra-carotid arterial transfusion of circulatory-derived autologous CD34+ cells in rodent after ischemic stroke — evaluate the impact of therapeutic time points on prognostic outcomes

Background This study tested the optimal time point for left intra-carotid arterial (LICA) administration of circulatory-derived autologous endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) for improving the outcome in rat after acute ischemic stroke (IS). Methods and Results Adult-male SD rats (n=70) were equally categorized into group 1 (sham-operated control), group 2 (IS), group 3 (IS+EPCs/1.2x10 6 cells/by LICA administration 3h after IS), group 4 (IS+EPCs/LICA administration post-day-3 IS), group 5 (IS+EPCs/LICA administration post-day-7 IS), group 6 (IS+EPCs/LICA administration post-day 14-IS) and group 7 (IS+EPCs/LICA administration post-day-28 IS). The brain-infarct volume (at day 60/MRI) was lowest in group 1, highest in group 2 and significantly progressively increased from groups 3 to 7, whereas among the IS animals, the neurological function (i.e., by corner test) was significantly preserved in groups 3 to 6 than in groups 2 and 7 post-day-60 IS (all p<0.0001). By day 60, the endothelial markers at protein (CD31/vWF) and cellular levels (CD31+/vWF+), and number of small vessels exhibited an opposite pattern of BIV among the groups (all p<0.0001). The protein (IL-1ß/TNF-α/p-NF-κB/MMP-9) and cellular (GFAP+/microglial+) inflammatory levels, oxidative stress (NOX-1/NOX-2/oxidized protein/p22phox), autophagic (LC3B-III/LC3B-I/Beclin-1/Atg-5) and apoptotic (mitochondrial-Bax/caspase-3/PARP), were highest in group 2, lowest in group 1 and progressively increased from groups 3 to 7 (all p<0.0001). The angiogenesis biomarkers at protein (VEGF/SDF-1α/CXCR4) and cellular (SDF-1α+/CXCR4+) levels were significantly progressively increased from groups 1 to 3, then significantly progressively decreased from groups 3 to 7 (all p<0.0001). Conclusion Early EPC administration provided better benefits on improving functional/image/molecular-cellular outcomes after acute IS in rat.
ON THE PHYSICAL AND MATHEMATICAL MODELING OF THE COUPLING OF RIVERS AND AQUIFERS AS SUSTAINABLE WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS

A physical and mathematical model is presented to simulate realistic hydrological conditions and to evaluate coupled river and aquifer as water supply system. The approach is applied to estimate the extraction effects on the river and related aquifers under different conditions, with the purpose of determining the water supply potential and sustainability of the coupled system. The model consists of the conceptual and numerical coupling of two structures that take into account different aspects of the systems being considered. The fi rst is a free-surface fl ow structure, and it carries out the balance of mass and momentum along the river course, whereas the second one is of hydrogeological type that performs the mass balance in combination with Darcy’s law in each aquifer of interest for evaluation purposes. The two parts of the model are coupled by their source terms with a very simple linear relationship; the numerical implementation is carried out by using MODFLOW and ISIS codes. After calibrating the models with fi eld parameters, an iterative coupling process is given where each structure must satisfy their criteria of internal convergence. The complete model is satisfactory whenever the iterative coupling process and the hydrogeological and hydraulic models converge. The conceptual approach is applied to the real and natural system constituted by the Papagayo river and the aquifers located in the river banks locally known as Norte, Obra de Toma, and Lomas de Chapultepec, in the State of Guerrero, Mexico to determine their
Reporters on the Battlefield: The Embedded Press System in Historical Context

Abstract : While the history of relations between the press and the military predates modern journalism, much of what had gone before was neutralized by the horrible press-military breakdown that occurred during U.S. involvement in Vietnam. By the end of the Vietnam War, press-military trust was at an all time low, and antagonism on both sides at an all time high. Many in the press, feeling repeatedly misled, reported ongoing events in an unfavorable light; many in the military felt betrayed by this inappropriate and negative press coverage and wanted to have nothing further to do with the press. Following Vietnam, the tension between First Amendment protections, generally accepted citizen right to know, and military resistance and desire for operational secrecy has led press-military relations through several different institutional forms. The embedded press system appears to be the best solution to date at balancing the needs of the three core constituencies (the press, the military, and the public); the questions remain whether that appearance is correct, what improvements remain to be made, and what, if any, vulnerabilities (for any of the constituents) the embedded press system creates. This research focuses on the embedded press system deployed during Operation Iraqi Freedom and should be of interest to those in the armed forces, the media, policymakers responsible for regulating press access, as well as the public at large. It attempts to answer the following questions: How effective was the embedded press system in meeting the needs of the three main constituencies (the press, the military, and the citizens of the United States)? What policy history led to the innovation of an embedded press system? Where are press-military relations likely to go in the future?
Socio-Demographic Factors and Youth Participation in Community Development Programmes in Calabar Municipality, Cross River State, Nigeria

This study investigated socio-demographic factors and youth participation in community development (CD) programmes in Calabar Municipality. The objectives of the study were to examine the influence of age, gender, educational status, marital status, and employment status on youth participation in CD programmes. Five (5) research questions and hypotheses were formulated to guide the study. Data were obtained by administering questionnaire to three hundred and ninety-nine (399) youths and in-depth interview with ten (10) community leaders, bringing the total number of participants to 409. Data were presented using descriptive statistics, charts, frequencies and percentages. The hypothesis were tested for significance 0.05 level of significance using Chi-square (X 2 ) test, while the possibility of youths’ participation in CD programs was predicted using regression analysis. Results of the study showed that: majority of youths(79.9%) in Calabar Municipalityhave participated in CD programmes, mostly at the implementation stage. There is no significant influence of age, gender, employment status and marital status on youth participation in CD programmes; however, there is a significant influence of educational attainment on youth participation in CD programmes in Calabar Municipal LGA. In conclusion, there is need to educate and create awareness so that youths can participate effectively in CD programmes. Based on the findings, it is recommended that Government should join efforts with policy makers to formulate and implement policies that will focus on educating the youths in general, especially those within 18-27 years, less educated and students/unemployed on the need to participate in CD programmes. Social workers should sensitize community leaders on the need to provide youths the opportunity to participate in all levels of CD programmes. They should work with youth to develop their capacity and provide them with training to enhance their community development and leadership potentials.
PENGARUH PENERAPAN ETIKA BISNIS TERHADAP KEPUASAN PELANGGAN WARUNG BEBEK H. SLAMET DI KOTA MALANG

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah ada pengaruh penerapan etika bisnis terhadap kepuasan pelanggan. Subjek penelitian ini adalah para pelanggan warung Bebek H. Slamet di Kota Malang.Teknik pengambilan sampelnya menggunakan accidental sampling . Teknik analisis datanya menggunakan regresi linear berganda.Hasil dari penelitian mengindikasikan bahwa, penerapan etika bisnis yang diproksikan dengan (1) Keadilan berpengaruh secara negative dan tidak signifikan terhadap kepuasan pelanggan warung Bebek H. Slamet di Kota Malang. (2) Kejujuran berpengaruh positif dan tidak signifikan terhadap kepuasan pelanggan warung Bebek H. Slamet di Kota Malang. (3) Kepercayaan berpengaruh secara positif dan signifikan terhadap kepuasan pelanggan warung Bebek H. Slamet di Kota Malang. Secara bersama-sama penerapan etika bisnis berpengaruh secara positif dan signifikan terhadap kepuasan pelanggan warung Bebek H. Slamet di Kota Malang.Kepercayaan merupakan variabel yang paling dominan dari variable etika bisnis yang mempengaruhi kepuasan pelanggan pada warung Bebek H. Slamet di Kota Malang.
Evaluation of Bridge Abutment Capacity and Stiffness during Earthquakes

The “actual” capacity and stiffness values of the abutment-soil systems at the US 101/Painter Street Overpass, determined from its earthquake motions, are used to investigate how abutment stiffness varies during earthquakes and to evaluate current modeling procedures. It is found that the “actual” abutment stiffness may be significantly different during different phases of the shaking and decreases significantly as the abutment deformation increases. The CALTRANS modeling procedure leads to a good estimate of the transverse abutment stiffness and capacity. However, this procedure may overestimate the normal abutment stiffness and capacity by a factor of over two, indicating that the assumed value of 7.7 ksf for the ultimate passive resistance of the soil, used in the CALTRANS procedure, may be too high. The AASHTO-83 and ATC-6 procedures lead to an initial estimate of the abutment stiffness that is too high in both directions.
Poultry handling and transport.

Abstract The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) has estimated that 87% of transported poultry is broiler chickens. Broiler death losses during transport average 0.2% but can vary greatly. In layers, poor feather cover is associated with more mortalities, and in broilers, poor health increases transport losses. It is difficult to remove hens from furnished/enriched cages and this can result in more injuries. Design innovations are needed. Mechanical catching of broilers reduces stress during container loading. It may be slower than manual catching and may result in more heatstress mortalities during hot weather unless two machines are used. In hot temperatures, stocking rates should be reduced and trucks need to be kept moving to prevent heat stress, unless the vehicle has active climate control. In cold winter temperatures, chickens can be exposed to both heat stress or cold stress in different parts of a vehicle with closed curtains unless mechanical ventilation is used. Death losses tend to increase with both longer transit times and more time waiting at the abattoir unless mitigation strategies are employed.
Towards improved floor spectra estimates for seismic design

Current codes incorporate simplified methods for the prediction of acceleration demands on secondary structural and non-structural elements at different levels of a building. While the use of simple analysis methods should be advocated, damage to both secondary structural and non-structural elements in recent earthquakes have highlighted the need for improved design procedures for such elements. In order to take a step towards the formation of accurate but simplified methods of predicting floor spectra, this work examines the floor spectra on elastic and inelastic single-degree of freedom systems subject to accelerograms of varying seismic intensity. After identifying the factors that appear to affect the shape and intensity of acceleration demands on secondary structural and non-structural elements, a new series of calibrated equations are proposed to predict floor spectra on single degree of freedom supporting structures. The approach uses concepts of dynamics and inelasticity to define the shape and intensity of the floor spectra at different levels of damping. The results of non-linear time-history analyses of a series of single- degree of freedom supporting structures indicate that the new methodology is very promising. Future research will aim to extend the methodology to multi-degree of freedom supporting structures and run additional verification studies.
The Socio-Emotional Influence of Past Teachers on Novice English Teachers’ Beliefs

Teachers’ past learning experiences, also referred to as “apprenticeship of observation,” can affect their beliefs and, in turn, their teaching practices. This study focused on the apprenticeships of observation of Chilean novice English teachers and sought to identify the possible influence of their past English teachers on their teaching and learning views in an English as a foreign language context. The qualitative multiple case study design gathered the narratives of 18 teachers using an open-ended survey and in-depth interviews. Results showed that the teachers’ apprenticeship of observation influenced their socio-emotional and affective views on teaching with a main concern on teacher-student relationships. From a sociocultural perspective, it was found that feelings associated with these experiences helped them understand their own practice.
Dual‐band LTCC chip antenna design using stacked meander patch for mobile handsets

This paper presents design simulation, implementation, and measurement of a miniaturized GPS/K‐PCS dual‐band LTCC chip antenna for mobile communication handsets. The dimensions of the LTCC chip antenna is 9 × 15 × 1.2 mm. The meander‐type radiating patch for dual‐band operation is realized by using via holes with 0.3‐mm height to connect upper‐ and lower‐layer antennas. The lower meander‐type antenna is to be tuned to the lower frequency (GPS) band. The upper meander antenna has a via‐hole connection for the higher frequency (K‐PCS) band. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 45: 271–273, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.20793
A modified 4D ROOSTER method using the Chambolle-Pock algorithm

The 4D RecOnstructiOn using Spatial and TEmpo- ral Regularization method is a recent 4D cone beam computed tomography algorithm. 4D ROOSTER has not been rigorously proved to converge. This paper aims to reformulate it using the Chambolle & Pock primal-dual optimization scheme. The convergence of this reformulated 4D ROOSTER is therefore guaranteed.
Generic Free-Flow Rating for Cutthroat Flumes

Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) software was used to generate water depth and discharge data for 51 Cutthroat flume sizes, including all 24 standard sizes published by the flume's developer and 27 intermediate sizes. The hydraulic model was validated by using data from several sources, including physical model testing for 15 standard sizes and three intermediate sizes. Grid-size independence was also confirmed for a range of computational cell sizes and the calibration results for 15 standard flume sizes were compared with previously published calibration parameters. Through the validated CFD simulations, a full set of calibration and validation data was generated for each of 51 flume sizes, filling the gaps in the experimental data and permitting a full analysis of the performance of the flume. The study resulted in a generic calibration for free-flow conditions for any Cutthroat flume in the dimensional range of the 24 standard sizes and specified dimensional ratios according to the original design criteria. The error in the predicted discharge for all flume sizes is less than 3% of the full-scale discharge. DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)HY.1943-7900.0000732. © 2013 American Society of Civil Engineers. CE Database subject headings: Flow measurement; Flumes; Canals; Calibration; Computational fluid dynamics technique. Author keywords: Flow measurement; Flumes; Cutthroat flume; Canals; Calibration.
Isolation and Antimicrobial Resistance Patterns of Aeromonas hydrophila from Diarrheal children in Thi-Qar Province/Iraq

: Abstract This study was carried out to isolate Aeromonas hydrophila from diarrheal children; 150 fecal samples were collected from diarrheal children with age (1-13 years) of both sexes that had suffering from diarrhea in Mohammed Al -Mosawi and Bent-Al-Huda hospitals in Thi-Qar province. Twenty isolates were diagnosed as genus Aeromonas hydrophila . The results revealed that the rate of Aeromonas hydrophila isolates in fecal samples of diarrheal children was (13.3%) and the age groups of 1-5 years were the highest percentage of diarrheal cases (60%) and the highest percentage of Aeromonas hydrophila infection (40%). Antimicrobial susceptibility testing to 20 Aeromonas hydrophila isolates showed that (70%) of isolates were resistance to Amikacin, while (60%) of isolates were resistance to Ciprofloxian, Cefotaxime and Gentamycin ,(35%) of isolates were resistance to Ceflazim and only (20%) of isolates were resistance to Imipenem, and the results appeared increasing prevalence of multidrug resistant between Aeromonas hydrophila isolates that isolated from diarrheal children in Thi-Qar province.
Systems: An Introductory Analysis with Applications to Biology, Control, and Artificial Intelligence, by John H. Holland MIT Press (Bradford Books), Cambridge, Mass., 1992, xiv+211 pp. (Paperback £13.50, cloth £26.95)

machinery. It is interesting that he relates this to quantum mechanics, quoting, among others, Roger Penrose. The paper following this one has the title Utilising the Brain and explains in some detail how to become able to perform mental arithmetic at a speed that rivals digital computers, with the help of yoga. It is impossible, in a review of reasonable length, to do justice to any multi-author work of this sort, but it is clear that this one contains much that is of value for direct practical application, as well as much important theory arid speculation of a more abstract nature. It also gives useful insight into the academic, social and industrial scenes in India. The editors are to be congratulated on bringing it all together.
Managing strategic change through TQM: learning from failure

This article argues that the study of total quality management (TQM) failure is a valuable vehicle to extend our knowledge of strategic change management. The article reviews the literature on TQM and, after reporting the findings from an in-depth case study concludes by discussing the meaning of ‘failure’ and the lessons for managing strategic change that can be learnt from the study of TQM decline.