Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Pricing the American Options: A Closed-Form, Simple Formula

Abstract We overcome a major obstacle in the literature. In doing, we introduce a simple, closed-form formula for pricing the American options. In particular, we significantly simplify Alghalith’s closed-form formula for pricing American options. In doing so, we introduce a formula that does not require the unknown expected consumption φ . This is a vast simplification, since the estimation of φ is challenging. That is, similar to a European option, we only need to know the interest rate and volatility. Furthermore, we derive an exact upper bound for the price.
PENGARUH KREATIVITAS DAN PERILAKU INOVATIF TERHADAP KINERJA KARYAWAN DENGAN KEPUASAN KERJA SEBAGAI VARIABEL MEDIASI (Studi Pada Hotel Pandanaran Semarang)

Abstract The purpose of this study was to analyzes the influence of creativity and innovative behavior on employee performance with job satisfaction as a mediating variable. This research took place in Pandanaran Hotel Semarang. The data analysis method used in this study is path analysis. The results of hypothesis testing indicate that creativity has a positive effect on employee performance. Innovative behavior also has a positive effect on employee performance, and Job satisfaction has a positive effect on employee performance, the sobel test results show that job satisfaction is also proven to mediate the influence of creativity and Innovative behavior on employee performance Keywords: Creativity, innovative behavior, job satisfaction, employee performanc e Abstrak Tujuan dari penelitian ini menganalisis pengaruh kreativitas dan perilaku inovatif terhadap kinerja karyawan dengan kepuasan kerja sebagai variabel mediasi. Penelitian ini dilakukan di hotel Pandanaran Semarang. Metode analisis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah analisis jalur. Hasil pengujian hipotesis menunjukkan bahwa kreativitas berpengaruh positif kepuasan kerja, perilaku inovatif berpengaruh positif terhadap kepuasan kerja, kepuasan kerja. Kepuasan kerja berpengaruh positif terhadap kinerja karyawan, kreativitas berpengaruh positif terhadap kinerja karyawan, perilaku inovatif berpengaruh positif terhadap kinerja karyawan, hasil uji sobel menunjukkan bahwa kreativitas berpengaruh positif terhadap kinerja karyawan dengan kepuasan kerja sebagai variabel mediasi. Bahwa perilaku inovatif berpengaruh positif terhadap kinerja karyawan dengan kepuasan kerja sebagai variabel mediasi. Kata kunci: Kreativitas, perilaku inovatif, kepuasan kerja, kinerja karyawan
Measuring the Contribution of Faith-based Schools to Human Capital Wealth: Estimates for the Catholic Church

This paper provides estimates of the contribution of faith-based schools to human capital wealth using recent World Bank data. Wealth is the assets base that enables nations to generate future income. Estimates suggest that human capital wealth accounts for two thirds of global wealth, a much larger proportion than natural capital and produced capital. This paper’s analysis relies on an assessment of the share of human capital wealth attributed to educational attainment, and the share of contribution of Catholic schools to educational attainment. The analysis suggests that Catholic schools contribute at least US$ 12 trillion to the changing wealth of nations.
Fast scenario reduction by conditional scenarios in two-stage stochastic MILP problems

ABSTRACT A common approach to model stochastic programming problems is based on scenarios. An option to manage the difficulty of these problems corresponds to reduce the original set of scenarios. In this paper we study a new fast scenario reduction method based on Conditional Scenarios (CS). We analyse the degree of similarity between the original large set of scenarios and the small set of conditional scenarios in terms of the first two moments. In our numerical experiment, based on the stochastic capacitated facility location problem, we compare two fast scenario reduction methods: the CS method and the Monte Carlo (MC) method. The empirical conclusion is twofold: On the one hand, the achieved expected costs obtained by the two approaches are similar, although the MC method obtains a better approximation to the original set of of scenarios in terms of the moment matching criterion. On the other hand, the CS approach outperforms the MC approach with the same number of scenarios in terms of solution time.
A study of clinical profile and ophthalmological manifestations of herpes zoster ophthalmicus with HIV seropositivity in Northern Karnataka

Objective To evaluate the clinical profile and ophthalmological manifestations of herpes zoster ophthalmicus and to identify HIV seropositivity in them. Methods The study was a hospital based observational study. After obtaining an informed oral consent, all subjects in this study were submitted to a full history taking, general medical and dermatological examination, ophthalmological history and examination with slit lamp and dilated fundus examination. Results A total number of 25 cases were studied. Majority of the patients (25%) were in the age group of 60-69 years. Mean age was 46.8 years. Male to female ratio was 2.1:1. Left side of the face was involved in 14 (56%) patients and right side in 11 (44%) patients. Majority of the patients (60%) presented within 5 days of the onset of the disease. Out of 25 patients, 1 patient was known HIV seropositive and 3 patients were newly detected as HIV seropositive. Fifteen cases (60.0%) presented with best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) of 20/20, N6. Lid edema ranging from mild to severe and conjunctival hyperemia was noted in 19 cases (76.0%) at presentation. Corneal involvement in the form of decreased or absent sensation was noted in 13 cases (52%), 3 cases had dendritic ulcer (1.2%), 3 patients had stromal keratitis (1.2%) and 1 case had punctuate keratopathy (0.4%). Conclusion Our study outlines the varied clinical profile of herpes zoster ophthalmicus in north Karnataka. The higher incidence of lid edema is due to the application of mud over the lesions. Though low HIV seroprevalence is recorded in HZO patients, it is marginally high in young population. HZO may be taken as an indicator for HIV screening in younger population.
Relating Problem-Solving Approach to Turn-Taking in Communication of Design Teams

: This paper builds on the turn - taking model of verbal communication and proposes a framework for relating the problem - solving style to the turn - taking model. The framework aims at enabling a more comprehensive investigation of verbal communication in team design activities. An empirical study has been conducted to test the framework and identify the relationship between individuals ' problem - solving styles and the corresponding percentages of turn transitions. The results show a non - linear relationship between diversity in Orientation to Change and Ways of Deciding dimensions of problem - solving style and the percentage of turn transitions. The non - linear relationship has been explained by referring to team diversity - related theories on information/decision - making and social categorisation. The empirical study demonstrated that the framework is useful for providing a more comprehensive description of communication patterns within design teams.
The natural history of impaired glucose regulation amongst young adults and its effect on renal function

Introduction: The risk of chronic kidney disease (CKD) aith impaired glucose regulation (IGR) is not well characterised. It is not clear whether individuals with IGR are at risk of developing CKD or whether the risk is confined to individuals who progressed to overt diabetes. Methods: This study consists of three main parts: 1) systematic review, 2) analysis to determine incidence and prevalence of IGR, and 3) analysis to determine risk of CKD in IGR. A systematic review was undertaken using a large dataset of patient records to describe the incidence and prevalence of IGR and to investigate the relationship between IGR and CKD. Results: The systematic review found no evidence associating risk of CKD in young adults aged 18 to 40 years with IGR. The THIN database analysis shows that incidence and prevalence increased consistently throughout the study period. Incidence of CKD was 4 times higher in IGR than normoglycaemia. The incidence of CKD stage (3-5) was approximately 4 times higher than the incidence of CKD stage (1-2) in the IGR cohort. Conclusion: The systematic review demonstrates that the risk of CKD in young adults with IGR remains to be elucidated. The THIN database analyses provides evidence of an increased risk of CKD amongst young adults with IGR. It also showed that IGR patients are at higher risk of CKD stage (3-5) compared to CKD stage (1-2).
The unbearable lightness of culpability: the compensation for damages

Abstract In face of the growing difficultiespresented by tort liability in dealing with medical malpractice and patient’s compensation, many advocate the imple-mentation of a no-fault system, i.e., a mechanism in which the patient is compensated through an economic fund of risk socialization, in disregard of the demonstration of the physician’s negligence.In this study, we compared the main notes of the no-fault model with the classical model grounded in culpability, to determine which one is the most suitable in terms of justice, improvement of health care delivery and patient’s safety.We concludedthat, despite the fact that the no-fault model carries many advantages, it also involves se-veral difficulties,risks and fragilities.In particular, it is doubtful that it promotes diligence in health delivery, since usually the health care professional does not suffer any sanction. Furthermore, it can only operate successfully in light of very particular conditions,not found in the majorityof legal orders. Therefore, we do not consider it the most adequate solution, at least when implemented as a general mechanism to deal with injuries caused by medical treatments.
Dose Related Psychiatric Adverse Effect of Lamotrigine in Management of Bipolar Disorder

Lamotrigine is increasingly being used as an effective maintenance treatment in bipolar disorders to control mood swings. This medication is generally well tolerated with most of its adverse reactions being well documented. However there are some reports of certain psychiatric symptoms associated with the use of Lamotrigine for treatment of mental disorders, but there is a paucity of data to support such findings. Here we discuss the case of a Caucasian female who presented to us with a history of bipolar disorder which was well controlled with Lithium. However the patient was advised to taper the use of Li due to long term Li induced damage to kidneys. She was started on Lamotrigine as an add-on, on a cross taper model. Initially she tolerated Lamotrigine well with mild-moderate physical side effects of nausea, warm flashes and constipation. After the dose was titrated to 100 mg/day of Lamotrigine, the patient demonstrated some psychiatric side effects such as vivid dreams and nightmares, which was resolved on reducing the dose of Lamotrigine to 50 mg/daily. However over the long term, she had a relapse of bipolar symptoms as Lamotrigine seemed not to be tolerated at high enough dose to prevent such a relapse. This case is consistent with some previous reports of occurrence of dose related psychiatric adverse side effect of Lamotrigine.
Clinical and Economical Outcomes Associated with Parathyroidectomy: A 5-Year Population-Based Study in a Middle-Income Country with Universal Health Coverage

Parathyroidectomy (PTX) is one of the most frequently performed surgeries in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients. The objective of this study was to determine the intensive care unit (ICU) admission, mortality and hospital readmission rates within the 30-day postoperative period, and the total cost of the care episode and to determine possible prognostic factors in end-stage renal disease (ESRD) adult patients taken to PTX in the Colombian contributory health system. Methods. Retrospective cohort study of ESRD adult patients affiliated to the Colombian contributory health system, on dialysis for at least 3 months, undergoing PTX between January 1, 2012, and November 30, 2016. The clinical outcomes evaluated were rehospitalization at 30 days, hospital stay, and ICU requirement. The costs associated with the hospitalization event in which the PTX was performed from the perspective of the third payer were estimated. Results. The study included 478 patients. The mortality rate was 2.09 per 100 surgeries, the ICU admission rate was 32.64 per 100 surgeries, the 30-day hospital readmission percentage of the postoperative period was 16.74%, and the average length of hospital stay was 5.02 days. The median total costs of care for the entire procedure was USD $ 7,814.27 (p25-p75: 3,922.03–9,372.68), with significant regional differences. The geographical region was shown as a prognostic factor associated with clinical outcomes and the cost of care. Conclusions. There are large regional differences in readmission, ICU admission and mortality rates, and costs of dialysis ESRD patients undergoing PTX belonging to the Colombian contributory regime. The geographic region behaves as an independent predictor of clinical outcomes and costs.
How have MOOCs been portrayed in the New Zealand public media?

Reports of Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) hit the news media from 2012 with messages of disruption to existing higher education systems. However, several years on their role is still evolving. Given the power of media to influence acceptance of new ideas, this research investigates New Zealand news media representations of MOOCs to the public. A document analysis of twenty seven newspaper articles published in New Zealand mainstream media between January, 2012 and December, 2016 revealed similar results to overseas research, in that MOOCs are predominantly reported as a catalyst for necessary change to higher education, with higher education commonly discussed in commodified terms. Previously published research focuses on the association of MOOCs and elite universities, whereas this research reveals that MOOCs are considered experimental within New Zealand’s higher education system. While New Zealand media present a more balanced perspective than previous research, dominant themes of MOOCs as revolutionising are likely to foster the public’s acceptance of radical changes to existing higher education structures.
Predicting Hedge Fund Performance When Fund Returns Are Skewed

This paper studies the relation between return skewness, fund flows, and hedge fund performance. Our results show that hedge fund returns exhibit significant skewness and fund investors prefer skewness. Annual flows into hedge funds with positively skewed returns are 11.5% higher than comparable funds with negatively skewed returns. Evaluating hedge fund performance using a new performance measure that accounts for return skewness leads to superior ex-ante fund selection. During the 1994 to 2009 period, the average improvement in out-of-sample annual performance is 2%. Our measure is particularly valuable during periods of economic crisis when returns are more likely to exhibit skewness and the improvement in annual performance is about 4%.
The Deterioration of Semantic Networks in Alzheimer’s Disease

ABSTRACT Language impairments in Alzheimer’s disease may appear at the prodromal stage. The most significant impairment is found at the lexical-semantic process level, which is explained either by a degradation of the areas that store the semantic network or by a failure at retrieving the information from that network. Regardless of the retrieval failure happening, there is evidence of the degradation of the semantic network at some levels. Several studies support the bottom-up breakdown, according to which the loss starts at the specific concept attribute level, along with the link with its coordinates, while superordinates are preserved. Some characteristics can affect this loss such as familiarity, age of acquisition, frequency, or affective features. While classic studies have focused on concrete neutral nouns, recent research is exploring the role of emotion. Since emotional processes strengthen the semantic relationship between concepts, it could be a relevant dimension for the preservation of the semantic network.
Effect of surface finish on the wettability and electrical resistivity of Sn-3.0Ag-0.5Cu solder

The effect of different surface finish with Sn-3.0Ag-0.5Cu (SAC305) solder was successfully investigated. The SAC305 solder was fabricated by using casting method and solder was placed on copper substrate that coated with different surface finish. The soldering process was carried out by using F4N reflow oven followed up with the mounted and metallographic steps. Wettability of SAC305 solder was observed through contact angle formed between solder and four different surface finish located on the copper substrate. Subsequently, the electrical resistivity of solder was studied by conducted the four-point probes. The results of wettability test was found to be in the accepted range which is below 45° for all different surface finish. In terms of electrical resistivity, the results showed that the ImAg surface finish had enhanced the electrical conductivity of SAC305 lead-free solder.
Prophylactic Efficacy of Self-Formulated Anti-Oxidant Mineral Formulation for Mastitis Management in Dairy Cattle

Mastitis is characterized by a range of physical and chemical changes of the milk and pathological changes in the udder tissues (Radostits et al., 2007). It is still recognized as number one problem in dairy animals which results in great economic losses to the farmers due to reduced productivity and cost of treatment (DeGrave and Fetrow, 1993). So far, conventional antibiotic therapy is the only proven method for the prevention and control of mastitis, however, standard antibiotic treatment has not reduced the incidence of mastitis and antibiotics do not directly protect the gland from being damaged. In fact, several problems arise from the use of antibiotics for example, developing resistance to antibiotic, questionable drug efficacy and presence of antibiotic residues in the milk.
A Comparison of the Formation Rates and Composition of Tree-Related Microhabitats in Beech-Dominated Primeval Carpathian and Hyrcanian Forests

Primeval forests in the temperate zone exist only as a few remnants, but theses serve as important reference areas for conservation. As key habitats, tree-related microhabitats (TreMs) are of intense interest to forest ecologists, but little is known about their natural composition and dynamics in different tree species. Beech forms a major part of the temperate forests that extend from Europe, home to European beech Fagus sylvatica L. (Fs), eastward to Iran, where Oriental beech Fagus orientalis Lipsky (Fo) is the dominant species. In this study, we compared TreMs in primeval forests of both species, using data from Fo growing in 25 inventory plots throughout the Hyrcanian forest belt in Iran and from Fs growing in a 9 ha permanent plot in the Uholka Forest of Ukraine. TreMs based on 47 types and 11 subgroups were recorded. Beech trees in the Hyrcanian forest had a higher mean diameter at breast height (dbh) than beech trees in Uholka and contained twice as many TreMs per hectare. Although the mean richness of TreMs per TreM bearing tree was similar in the two species, on the basis of the comparison single trees in two groups (n = 405 vs. 2251), the composition of the TreMs clearly differed, as the proportions of rot holes, root-buttress concavities, and crown deadwood were higher in the Hyrcanian Forest, and those of bark losses, exposed heartwood, and burrs and cankers higher in Uholka Forest. Estimates of TreMs dynamics based on dbh and using Weibull models showed a significantly faster cumulative increase of TreMs in Fo, in which saturation occurred already in trees with a dbh of 70–80 cm. By contrast, the increase in TreMs in Fs was continuous. In both species, the probability density was highest at a dbh of about 30 cm, but was twice as high in Fo. Because of limitations of our study design, the reason behind observed differences of TreM formation and composition between regions remains unclear, as it could be either result of the tree species or the environment, or their interaction. However, the observed differences were more likely the result of differences in the environment than in the two tree species. Nevertheless, our findings demonstrate that the Hyrcanian Forest, recently designated as a natural heritage site in Iran, is unique, not only as a tertiary relict or due to its endemic trees, herbs and arthropods, but also because of its TreMs, which form a distinct and rich habitat for associated taxa, including endemic saproxylic species.
Investigating problematic social media and game use in a nationally representative sample of adolescents and younger adults

ABSTRACT Research on addictive media use has often concentrated on only one specific form of problematic usage behaviour, making it impossible to systematically examine how different types of disordered use are related to each other and whether they have similar or different correlational characteristics. The present study focused on the co-occurrence of problematic social media use and problematic digital game use. Both constructs were measured with adapted versions of an established screening instrument that was based on the DSM-5 criteria for Internet Gaming Disorder. Among a nationally representative sample of 1929 German Internet users (age: 14–39), we detected 1.9% disordered gamers and 2.6% disordered social media users. Co-occurrence rates and correlations between both types of problematic use were high. Future studies should investigate whether these connections are rather an expression of mutual direct interactions between both constructs or rather a reflection of shared antecedents. Using SEM, we moreover confirmed that both forms of problematic use were more pronounced among males and were also associated with lower levels of psychosocial well-being, especially depression and anxiety. Longitudinal studies are needed to examine whether problematic media use is rather the cause or consequence of psychosocial health impairments.