Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
TOXICOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT OF THE SEMI-VOLATILE AND NON-VOLATILE FRACTIONS OF PM FROM HEAVY-DUTY VEHICLES OPERATING WITH AND WITHOUT EMISSIONS CONTROL TECHNOLOGIES Final report

Figure 4-7 Time series of surface diameter (Ds), surface concentration (EAD signal and total particle concentration (DMS count) for a) DPX; b) Baseline-UDDS run. Figure 5-3 (a) Emission factors of PAHs, hopanes and steranes of baseline and control device-equipped vehicles in UDDS cycle. (b) Emission factors of n-alkanes and acids of baseline and control device-Figure 5-4 (a) Emission factors of PAHs, hopanes and steranes of baseline and control device-equipped vehicles in cruise cycle. (b) Emission factors of n-alkanes and acids of baseline and control device-equipped vehicles in cruise cycle. Comparison of the ratios of PAHs, hopanes and steranes to organic carbon emission factors in μg/g from baseline and controlled vehicles. (a) running on UDDS cycle. (b) cruise cycle. (c) Ratios of PAHs, hopanes and steranes to organic carbon emission factors in μg/g as reported by Riddle et al., Figure 6-3a,b,c: DTT consumption per unit distance (in n-moles min-1 km-1) traveled by vehicles for Cruise and UDDS cycles and per hour(in n-moles min-1 hr-Figure 6-4 Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) activity of PM from the tested vehicles, expressed as (a) per mass of PM, and (b) per km (or hr for idle) of vehicle driven. Abstract This final report presents the investigation results of the CARB vehicle emissions study, with focus on the physicochemical and toxicological properties of the semi-volatile and non-volatile fractions of PM from heavy duty diesel vehicles, operating with and without emissions control technologies. A wide variety of diesel fuelled vehicles, representing the current in-use fleet, have been tested in the California Air Resources Board's (CARB) heavy-duty diesel emission testing laboratory (HDETL) in downtown Los Angeles, including a 1998 Kenworth truck, a diesel hybrid electric bus, a school bus, and a Caltrans truck on three driving cycles, i.e. steady state cruise (50mph), transient [EPA urban dynamometer driving schedule (UDDS)] and idle to simulate various real-world driving conditions. The tested emission control devices include a Continuously Regenerating Technology (CRT); CRT in combination with a selective catalytic reduction system (Zeolite or vanadium based SCRTs) etc. Detailed physico-chemical and toxicological characteristics of PM were measured for each vehicle and driving cycle, including physical properties (e.g. PM mass and size distribution), chemical (EC, OC, organic compounds, trace elements, inorganic ions) and toxicological [dithiothreitol (DTT) and macrophage reactive oxygen species (ROS) assays] characterization of the collected PM samples. Substantial reduction in PM mass emissions (>90%) was accomplished for the tested vehicles operating with advanced …
Isostatic compensation of Quaternary vertical crustal motions: coupling between uplift of Britain and subsidence beneath the North Sea

New data from offshore and onshore regions confirm the view that the Quaternary uplift of Britain and subsidence beneath the North Sea are coupled, mediated by lower‐crustal flow induced by the lateral pressure gradient caused by climate‐driven surface processes. Most measured onshore uplift rates, in both upland and lowland localities, are only applicable since the Mid‐Pleistocene Revolution; beforehand, generally lower rates prevailed. Earlier (? Oligocene–Pliocene) phases of uplift and subsidence had typically even lower rates; furthermore, the western margin of the North Sea depocentre was ∼200 km farther from the modern coastline of north‐east England. In the earliest Cenozoic, complex isostatic adjustments occurred in response to the magmatism associated with the Iceland mantle plume; the contemporaneous land surface (relative to the present‐day rock column) in northern England was typically ∼1500 m OD. However, this activity died out during the Palaeogene; the main effect of these events on the modern isostatic configuration was via the emplacement of thick mafic underplating, which now constricts the mobile lower‐crustal layer, explaining the Late Cenozoic ultra‐stability of Ireland. The evidence enables interpretations of the present‐day topography of Britain as static, caused by the Iceland mantle plume, or actively developing in response to plate motions or plate boundary forces, to be excluded.
The Coast Belt Thrust System: Evidence of Late Cretaceous shortening in southwest British Columbia

The Coast Belt Thrust System (CBTS) is the leading edge of a west vergent contractional belt that formed along the inboard margin of the Insular superterrane in late Cretaceous time. The foreland of this contractional belt comprises a system of east dipping frontal thrusts that imbricate Jurassic and Early Cretaceous supracrustal arc sequences and related plutonic suites of the Western Coast Belt (WCB). These faults root eastward into an imbricate zone of folded thrusts and out-of-sequence reverse faults across which the metamorphic gradient has been structurally inverted. To the east and structurally above the imbricate zone is a folded stack of high-pressure thrust sheets comprising metamorphosed island arc and oceanic rocks of the Central Coast Belt (CCB). These rocks represent the exhumed crustal root of the CBTS. Metamorphosed volcanic and volcaniclastic rocks that occur in thrust sheets of the imbricate zone yield U-Pb zircon dates which support a correlation with lower-plate Jurassic and Early Cretaceous arc sequences of the WCB. Structural and geochronologic data indicate a two-stage history of Late Cretaceous shortening. During the early stage of shortening, supracrustal arc and related basin sequences along the inboard margin of the Insular superterrane were structurally imbricated and accreted to the toe (footwall) of a westward prograding accretionary complex made up of previously assembled terranes of the CCB. These early-stage structures are represented by folded thrusts in the imbricate and hinterland zones of the CBTS. The timing of this early-stage thrusting is bracketed by the emplacement of synorogenic plutonic suites, which yield U-Pb zircon dates of 97 ± 1 Ma and 96 +6/−3 Ma. Late-stage shortening involved both thin-skinned thrusting and folding of Jura-Cretaceous arc sequences in the WCB foreland and out-of-sequence thrusting of higher-grade thrust sheets in the imbricate and hinterland zones of the CBTS. In the foreland this episode of deformation is bracketed by late-and postkinematic plutons, which yield U-Pb zircon dates of 94 ± 2 Ma and 91 +4/−3 Ma, respectively. In the imbricate zone, this episode of deformation is bracketed by the emplacement of synkinematic and postkinematic plutons, which yield U-Pb zircon dates of 96 +6/−3 Ma and 94 +6/−5 Ma, respectively. The development of thick-skinned out-of-sequence thrusts in the imbricate and hinterland zones of the CBTS signals a northeastward migration of the deformation front in Late Cretaceous time. This shift in the locus of thrusting resulted in southwestward telescoping and structural inversion of the metamorphic hinterland and may account for the complex stacking order and thermal history of the Southern Coast Belt.
Rates of Water Mass Formation in the North Atlantic Ocean

Abstract North Atlantic air-sea heat and freshwater flux data from several sources are used to estimate the conversion rate of water from one density to another throughout the range of sea surface density. This cross-isopycnal mass flux varies greatly over the ocean, with a maximum of 32.2 × 106 m3 s−1 at σ = 26.1 kg m−3 (toward greater densities) and a minimum of −7.6 × 106 m3 s−1 (toward lesser densities) at σ = 23.0 kg m−3. The air-sea fluxes force water to accumulate in three density bands: one at the lowest sea surface densities generated by heating; one centered near the density of subtropical mode water; and one spanning subpolar mode water densities. The transfer of water to the highest and lowest densities is balanced by mixing, which returns water to the middle density range, and also by boundary sources or sinks. Integrating the cross-isopycnal flux over all densities gives an annual average sinking of about 9 × 1O6 m3 s−1, which presumably escapes across the equator and must be balanced by a s.
Kids Mod PAH trial: A multicenter trial comparing mono‐ versus duo‐therapy for initial treatment of pediatric pulmonary hypertension

Abstract Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a significant health problem that contributes to high morbidity and mortality in diverse cardiac, pulmonary, and systemic diseases in children. Evidence‐based advances in PH care have been challenged by a paucity of quality endpoints for assessing clinical course and the lack of robust clinical trial data to guide pharmacologic therapies in children. While the landmark adult AMBITION trial demonstrated the benefit of up‐front combination PH therapy with ambrisentan and tadalafil, it remains unknown whether upfront combination therapy leads to more rapid and sustained clinical benefits in children with various categories of PH. In this article, we describe the inception of the Kids Mod PAH Trial, a multicenter Phase III trial, to address whether upfront combination therapy (sildenafil and bosentan vs. sildenafil alone) improves PH outcomes in children, recognizing that marked differences between the etiology and therapeutic response between adults and children exist. The primary endpoint of this study is WHO functional class (FC) 12 months after initiation of study drug therapy. In addition to the primary outcome, secondary endpoints are being assessed, including a composite measure of time to clinical worsening, WHO FC at 24 months, echocardiographic assessment of PH and quantitative assessment of right ventricular function, 6‐min walk distance, and NT‐proBNP levels. Exploratory endpoints include selected biomarkers, actigraphy, and assessments of quality of life. This study is designed to pave the way for additional clinical trials by establishing a robust infrastructure through the development of a PPHNet Clinical Trials Network.
Consumers attitudes towards regional food products: a comparison between five different european countries

This paper reports the results of a comparative analysis of the main explanatory factors of consumer behaviour relating to regional quality products in five EU countries. Bayesian Network Technology was used to process data collected in the consumer task of the RIPPLE programme. Consumer's country of origin was shown to be the main factor of difference between the study countries. But the distinction between consumers from the North and those from the South of Europe does not appear so evident, and rather than a marked typology, the analysis suggests a set of indistinct groups partly overlapping. The analysis also shows that consumers' knowledge, perception and attitude are as important in explaining behaviour patterns as the socio-demographic factors. Moreover, these four groups of factors strongly interact to influence consumer behaviour.
Digital Commons @ DU Digital Commons @ DU

A BSTRACT . We introduce the notion of a quantum locally compact metric space, which is the noncommutative analogue of a locally compact metric space, and generalize to the non-unital setting the notion of quantum metric spaces introduced by Rieffel. We then provide several examples of such structures, including the Moyal plane, compact quantum metric spaces and locally compact metric spaces. This paper provides an answer to the question raised in the literature about the proper notion of a quantum metric space in the nonunital setup and offers important insights into noncommutative geometry for non compact quantum spaces.
Effect of Oral Calcium Bolus Supplementation on Early Lactation Health 11 and Milk Yield in Commercial Dairy Herds

1 Interpretative Summary: Effect of oral calcium supplementation on early lactation health 1 and milk yield in commercial dairy herds. By Oetzel and Miller, page 000. Low blood 2 calcium often occurs in older cows around calving and impairs subsequent health and milk yield. 3 Second lactation or greater cows in 2 commercial dairies with effective milk fever prevention 4 were divided into control (no oral calcium boluses) and supplemented groups (cows given 2 oral 5 calcium boluses after calving). Lame cows supplemented with oral calcium had improved early 6 lactation health, and cows with higher milk yield in the previous lactation had improved early 7 lactation milk yield when given oral calcium boluses. Targeted groups of cows can benefit from 8 oral calcium bolus supplementation, even in herds with very little hypocalcemia. 9
Paleomagnetic Studies of Central North Pacific Sediment Cores: Stratigraphy, Sedimentation Rates, and the Origin of Magnetic Instability

Magnetic studies of five North Pacific piston cores taken from around a giant piston core at 30°209N, 157°499W show three major intervals with distinctly different remanent magnetizations. The sediments deposited during the last 2.43 m.y. have a stable remanence and reversal pattern that corresponds to the standard geomagnetic reversal sequence. Core to core variations in sedimentation rates reach as much as a factor of two, but the variations are very consistent for each of the magnetic units of the dated interval. From 2.43 to about 55 m.y. ago, the sediments were deposited an order of magnitude more slowly than the younger deposits, and are magnetically unstable. The transition from unstable to stable magnetic properties is attributed to the dilution of a magnetically unstable authigenic sediment component by a massive influx of eolian debris carrying magnetically stable minerals. The oldest sediments in the giant piston core (55 to about 65 m.y. old) are more like the surface deposits, and carry a stable remanent magnetization that indicates deposition at a paleolatitude of about 11°N. This is consistent with van Andel and others9 (1975) model of rotation of the Pacific plate but not with Dalrymple and others9 (1977) model.
Journal of Population Therapeutics & Clinical Pharmacology

Leishmaniasis is a protozoa parasite, unicellular, obligatory intracellular parasitism, bi-host; it has two phases in his life cycle the first phase it called Promastigote that live in the intestines of female sandflies belonging to genus. The second stage Amastigote grows and multiplies inside the macrophages of the vertebral storage host. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of L. tropica on the antioxidants indicators and trace elements level. The current study included the collection of 55 serum samples from patients infected by the parasite L. tropica. The results showed a decrease(p < 0.05) in the concentration of glutathione, the level of zinc and iron, while it was noted that the concentration of peroxynitrite radical and the level of magnesium increased (p < 0.05) in patients by leishmaniasis compared to the control. The information gathered can be used to lessen the effect of L. tropica on human, by treating patients with cutting-edge methods.
Strengthening non-state climate action: a progress assessment of commitments launched at the 2014 UN Climate Summit

This report provides the first progress assessment of climate actions launched at the 2014 UN Climate Summit in New York. It considers the distribution and performance of climate actions along multiple dimensions that are relevant to both mitigation and adaptation. While it is too early for a conclusive assessment of the effectiveness of climate actions, this study makes a first and indispensable step toward such an assessment. Initial findings are encouraging. One year after their launch, most climate actions have performed well in terms of producing outputs, putting them on track to implementing their commitments in the coming years. The research for this project is underpinned by the Global Aggregator for Climate Actions (GAFCA), a database developed between January and September 2015 by a research team at the German Development Institute/Deutsches Institut fur Entwicklungspolitik (DIE) and the London School of Economics and Political Science (LSE). GAFCA includes data on organizational characteristics, geography of implementation and output performance of climate actions. It creates the foundation for a long-term systematic examination of climate actions that can inform more effective efforts to strengthen such actions. Our analysis is focused on three broad questions: Have organizers of the 2014 UN Climate Summit engaged a wide range of non-state and sub-national actions that set targets relevant to both mitigation and adaptation? Do climate actions align with the interests of both developing and developed countries, and do they achieve an appropriate balance in implementation in the global North and South? Have climate actions started to deliver on their commitments one year since they were launched at the 2014 UN Climate Summit? (Output performance)
Precipitation Patterns Associated with the High Index Phase of the Southern Oscillation

Abstract The relationships are examined between precipitation and the high index phase of the Southern Oscillation (SO) for 19 regions of the globe which have documented low SO index-precipitation relationships (Ropelewski and Halpert 1986, 1987). The study reveals that 15 of these regions also show evidence of characteristic precipitation anomalies during the high index phase of the SO. In each of the regions, the high SO index-precipitation relationships show the opposite sign of those documented for the low index. These precipitation relationships were consistent, holding for over 70% of the high SO index years, and statistically significant. In particular, the high index phase of the SO is associated with enhanced precipitation for the monsoons of India and northern Australia as well as for the rainy seasons in northeastern South America and southeastern Africa. High SO index precipitation was found to be less than median in the central Pacific, Minicoy-Sri Lanka, eastern equatorial Africa, the Gulf o.
mitigation scenarios using local risk coefficient estimates in 9 Japanese cities

Previous studies have highlighted the negative e ﬀ ects of PM 2.5 on mortality, expressed in terms of attributable deaths and life years lost. However, there are very few studies assessing the health impacts of air pollution in terms of economic burden/bene ﬁ ts. This study assessed the health impact of two hypothetical interventions among sex-and age-speci ﬁ c risk populations using a robust risk estimation and economic valuation process. We utilized the sex-and age-strati ﬁ ed daily all-cause mortality together with the daily PM 2.5 of the 9 Japanese cities from 2002 to 2008 in estimating the relative risks. The estimated risks were then utilized for the economic valuation of co-bene ﬁ ts/burden with respect to the two hypothetical PM 2.5 -related mitigation scenarios, in comparison to status quo, namely: i) decrease to Japanese standards, and ii) decrease to WHO standards. Impact of these interventions on health were assessed using the following HIA metrics: attributable mortality, attributable years life lost, and environmental health impact. A 10-μ g/m 3 increase in PM 2.5 would increase the risk by 0.52% (95% CI: − 0.91% to 1.99%) for all-cause mortality, with varying risk estimates per subgroup. High economic burdens were estimated at status quo, with particularly distinct burden di ﬀ erence for age-speci ﬁ c mortality; 0.40 trillion yen (0 – 64y.o.) and 1.50 trillion yen (>64y.o.). If stricter standards, relative to status quo, were to be enforced, i.e. WHO standard, there is a potential to yield economic bene ﬁ ts in the same risk population; 0.26 trillion yen (0 – 64y.o.) and 0.98 trillion yen (>64y.o.). We did not observe any substantial di ﬀ erence with the burden and bene ﬁ t related to sex-speci ﬁ c mortality. Using the estimated local risk coe ﬃ - cients complemented with the valuation of the risks, policymaking entities will have the opportunity to operate their own HIA to assess the relevant air pollution-related health impacts.
Devonian (Givetian) Hyolitha from the Kersadiou Formation, Massif Amoricain, France

Abstract Among hyoliths from the Givetian Kersadiou Formation in northwestern France one form is assigned to Hyolithes triliratus Hall, 1879, which is used as the basis for Brittanella new genus. The occurrence of this species in France supports affinity for fauna in that region to the Eastern Americas Realm. Other hyoliths from this unit include one species of Hyolithes Eichwald, which is left in open nomenclature, and one conch and one platyclaviculate operculum that cannot be identified to genus. The occurrence of these fossils in concretions in an oxygen-stressed dark gray shale supports the notion that this environment served as a refuge for taxa that were less efficient competitors with other normal marine benthos in the Devonian.
Spread of regional climate model projections: vertical structure and temporal evolution

Due to imperfections inherent to numerical climate simulations, projections of climate change need to be accompanied with an uncertainty estimate, typically derived from multi‐model ensembles. Here, an analysis of regional climate model outputs spread and its temporal evolution is presented, for the European air temperatures simulated over the 21st century. To quantify the overall uncertainty, standard deviation (sd) is used and compared to median absolute deviation and inter‐quartile range. The outcomes are shown for annual and seasonal means of air temperature at 2 m, 850 hPa, 700 hPa, 500 hPa and 300 hPa levels, simulated by ENSEMBLES regional climate models for eight geographical areas across Europe. Our results indicate that the estimated uncertainty of simulated air temperature changes over Europe generally increases during the 21st century, and typically decreases with height of the studied vertical level. The influence of driving global climate model on the regional simulation generally increases with height of the studied vertical level. In lower tropospheric levels, the clustering of regional climate models according to driving global climate model is stronger in winter than in summer.
Dynamics of Output Growth , Consumption and Physical Capital in Two-Sector Models of Endogenous Growth by

We use data from the Health Service Indicators database to compare different methods of measuring the performance of English Family Health Services Authorities (FHSAs) in providing primary care. A variety of regression and data envelopment analysis methods are compared as summary efficiency measures of individual FHSA performance. The correlation of the rankings of FHSAs across DEA and regression methods, across two years of data and across three different specifications of the technology of primary care are examined. Efficiency scores are highly correlated within variants of the two methods, and across years for a given method. Inter method correlations are smaller and correlations across different specifications of the primary care production process are negligible and sometime negative. * National Primary Care Research and Development Centre, Centre for Health Economics, University of York, York, YO1 5DD; emails: ag19@york.ac. uk, hg8@york.ac. uk. Support from the Department of Health to the NPCRDC is acknowledged. The views expressed are those of the authors and not necessarily those of the Department of Health. We are grateful to Martin Roland, Peter Smith, Matthew Sutton and a referee for helpful comments.