Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Information paradox under the scope of AdS/CFT correspondence

This thesis project is submitted for the Master of Science of Imperial College London Msc Quantum Fields and Fundamental Forces and it a review about Hawking imformation paradox and some recent developments concerning it from the perspective of AdS/CFT correspondence. The aim of the project is to present what the information paradox is and where it comes from, also how a black hole can be seen as a quantum mechanical object evolving in a unitary way. Then our interest will focus on a recent development which offers a way to recover the Page curve of the entropy of Hawking radiation which is an important tool to determine if a black hole as a quantum system evolves in a unitary manner, by considering a black hole system in 2-dimensions living in an asymptotically AdS2 spacetime.
Effects of different planting methods on rice (Oryza sativa L.) crop performance and cost of production

A field experiment was conducted at ARDC-Samtenling research station in 2017 to study the performance of rice using different rice planting methods. Four planting methods, namely line transplanting, random transplanting, drum seeding and broadcasting were applied on rice variety, Bhur Kambja-I that is currently considered as the best improved variety released for the low altitude rice agro-ecosystem. Rice cultivation in general and transplanted rice in particular is beset with issues of farm labor shortage and high cost of production in Bhutan. The results of the experiment showed that the planting methods did not have any significant effects on the grain yield and yield components. Grain yields for the different planting methods ranged between 3.10 ton/ha to 4.03 ton/ha. There was also no effect on yield components such as number of productive tillers and filled grains per panicle. However, the planting methods had significant effect on the crop maturity duration by about two weeks. Direct seeded rice matured early (113 days) while transplanting took 123 days. Further, direct seeding using either drum seeder or broadcasting had comparative advantage over transplanted rice in terms of labor requirement and cost of production. The cost advantage was found to be as high as 53% for drum seeding and 42% for broadcasting methods compared against line transplanting method. Based on the study, direct seeded rice could be promoted since it showed potential for promotion.
Student and graduate entrepreneurship in Italy

The article enriches the discussion on entrepreneurial attitudes. Main objective of the study is presenting the state of the art of entrepreneurial behaviour in Italy among graduates. Conclusions were formulated, based on extensive research, conducted at national level, of the entrepreneurship of graduates in Italy. The article involves description of the entrepreneurial activities of university students in Italy and their economic impact. For this purpose, the data, at individual level, of 2 891 980 graduates in an Italian university between 20042018 and the data, at company level, of the 236 362 companies founded by them, have been considered. The study was prepared owing to the collaboration between the Consortium Interuniversitario Almalaurea, the Department of Business Sciences of the University of Bologna and Unioncamere. Information about graduates comes from Almalaurea database (which collects about 90% of graduated in Italy in 2018), while the characteristics of enterprises derive from the Unioncamere database and AIDA Bureau van Dijk. Information on graduates includes, in particular, demographic characteristics, the family of origin and university course concluded. Information on business activities cover a broad spectrum of the entrepreneurship of graduates, from the creation of new businesses to management and acquisition of undertakings. The main conclusion from the report is that education is an important positive determinant of entrepreneurial performance and according to some studies, the poor economic performance of the Italian economy in the past 15 years or so can be partly ascribed to entrepreneurial strategies determined by a poor endowment of human capital. Daniele della Peruta, Urszula Kobylińska 168 Academy of Management – 5(2)/2021
Anurofauna in an Impacted Area in the Municipality of Ituverava in the São Paulo State of Brazil

There is great concern about the world amphibian populations reduction resulting from six major ecological factors cited as causes of modern amphibian declines and extinctions. Habitat loss resulting from deforestation and pollution of water reservoirs are usually events in agricultural production processes in Brazil and are important examples of these factors. In addition, there are many gaps in the knowledge of amphibian communities across the Brazilian territory. We carried out an anurofauna inventory for an impacted rural area, consisting of a pond located in the middle of an agricultural soybean plantation, in the municipality of Ituverava, State of São Paulo, in 2009. The inventory showed 15 species of anurans in 4 families. The most abundant families were Hylidae (six species) and Leptodactylidae (six species), one of them belonging to the subfamily Leiuperinae. The families Bufonidae (two species) and Microhylidae (one species) were also observed. Two species identified could be interesting finds, since the registration of Pseudis bolbodactyla (Lutz, 1925) in the São Paulo state until the present moment has no mentioned, and Rhinella mirandaribeiroi (Gallardo, 1965), was first described recently to São Paulo state in the municipality of São Joaquim da Barra, 30 km distant for the study area. The species was well adapted to their microhabitats, even with high ecological degradation, showing themselves to be opportunistic and tolerant to anthropic areas. Unexpectedly the pond started to dry, and it dried up totally in the second half of 2010. Then a new inventory was done in the study area for raining season in 2010, showing 6 species. The species were in 4 families (one for Hylidae, one for Leptodactylidae, one for Bufonidae, and three for Microhylidae), all showing explosive reproduction behavior in temporary pools formed by heavy rain. The study data stayed archived by twelve years. To conclude this work, the environmental conditions of the study area were analyzed in the year 2021. The pond region was substituted by a pasture for cattle confinement. We couldn’t observe even tadpoles in temporary puddles in periods of torrential rain. The soil is compacted with large gullies. Unfortunately, all species inventoried in 2009 and 2010 could not be found. In that way, this study highlights the worrying reality of environmental degradation involving agriculture and its relationship with anurofauna in Brazil.
Enhancing aerospace engineering students' learning with 3D printing wind‐tunnel models

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to present the benefits offered by rapid prototyping (RP) models for wind‐tunnel testing as part of fourth‐year aerospace engineering student projects. Ways of overcoming some of the difficulties associated with the 3D printing technology are also discussed.Design/methodology/approach – Polymer‐based RP was used to fabricate two‐aircraft models, which included stiffening metallic inserts. Testing in a subsonic‐wind tunnel was carried out and the results compared to analytic performance predictions.Findings – Low‐cost rapid prototypes of wind‐tunnel models yielded satisfactory aerodynamic performance. The savings in acquisition cost and time allowed incorporating actual testing in the aircraft design process within the framework of a tight academic budget and schedule.Practical implications – Conducting real‐wind‐tunnel testing contributes significantly to the educational experience of students; however, it had rarely been carried out when metal model fabrication was .
Farmers' attitudes towards, and intentions to adopt, agroforestry on farms in lowland South-East and East England.

Abstract Agroforestry (AF) is a land use that incorporates trees into the production of agricultural crops and/or livestock on the same piece of land. As such, AF has the potential to contribute to national biogenic carbon capture and storage, improved soil structure and function that helps to reduce soil erosion and surface run-off and improved financial returns to farmers with minimal land loss to agriculture. To date, there has been very little uptake of AF in the UK despite awareness of these benefits and the availability of policies to support adoption. This suggests that there are barriers to the adoption of AF that policy, or market developments, have yet to address. This study set out to identify these barriers, along with potential drivers to further uptake of AF in South-East and East lowland England by means of a survey of 224 farmers and landowners in 2019 covering a range of farm sizes and types. We found that nearly 60% might consider planting small areas of AF, with plantations being the most preferred option. When raised to the regional level, this would take-up around 4.5% of the total farmed area. Financial reasons were behind some of the reluctance to plant, as well as a view that trees might interfere with other farm operations. This suggests that for AF to be a tool to help the UK Government reach their woodland planting goal to achieve their net-zero target by 2050, farmers will need both planting grants and maintenance payments if they are to plant more AF.
Impact of Early Chest Radiography on Delay in Pulmonary Tuberculosis Case Notification in Ethiopia

Background: One-third of tuberculosis (TB) cases are missed each year and delays in the diagnosis of TB are hampering the whole cascade of care. Early chest X-ray (CXR) in patients with cough irrespective of duration may reduce TB diagnostic and treatment delays and increase the number of TB patients put into TB care. We aimed to evaluate the impact of CXR on delay in the diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) among people with cough of any duration. Methods: A facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted in four selected health facilities from two regions and two city administrations of Ethiopia. Patients who sought health care were screened for cough of any duration, and those with cough underwent CXR for PTB and their sputum specimens were tested for microbiological confirmation. Delays were followed up and calculated using median and inter-quartile range (IQR) to summarize (first onset of cough to first facility visit, ≥15 days), diagnosis delay (first facility visit to date of PTB diagnosis, >7 days), and total delay (first onset of cough to date of PTB diagnosis, >21 days). Kruskal–Wallis and Mann–Witney tests were used to compare the delays among independent variables. Results: A total of 309 PTB cases were consecutively diagnosed of 1853 presumptive TB cases recruited in the study that were identified from 2647 people who reported cough of any duration. The median (IQR) of patient delay, diagnosis delay, and the total delay was 30 (16–44), 1 (0–3), and 31 (19–48) days, respectively. Patients' delay contributed a great role in the total delay, 201/209 (96.2%). Median diagnosis delay was higher among those that visited health center, diagnosed at a facility that had no Xpert mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB)/RIF assay, radiologist, or CXR (P < 0.05). Factors associated with patients delay were history of previous TB treatment (adjusted prevalence ratio [aPR] = 0.79, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.63–0.99) and history of weight loss (aPR = 1.12; 95% CI: 1.0–1.25). Early CXR screening for cough of <2 weeks duration significantly reduced the patients' delay and thus the total delay, but not diagnostic delay alone. Conclusion: Early screening using CXR minimized delays in the diagnosis of PTB among people with cough of any duration. Patients' delay was largest and contributed great role in the delay of TB cases. Screening by cough of any duration and/or CXR among people seeking healthcare along with ensuring the availability of Xpert MTB/RIF assay and skilled human power at primary healthcare facilities are important to reduce patient and diagnostic delays of PTB in Ethiopia.
Suitability of Metastatic Lung Tumors for Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy

Abstract We investigated factors influencing local control of lung metastases treated with stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) and determined the type of lesions for which SBRT is more suitable. Ninety-six patients and 196 tumors were included. Median follow-up duration was 32.0 months (range 4.7–95.8). The two-year local recurrence rate was 15.2% (95% confidence interval: 10.2–21.3). Multivariate analysis revealed biological effective dose, ultracentral tumor location, reirradiation, and prior chemotherapy as significant factors. SBRT is suitable for lung metastases, especially for peripheral tumors and those located in the inner lung parenchyma. For ultracentral lesions and recurrent lesions after SBRT, metastasectomy is recommended.
Key Attributes and Skills for Curriculum Improvement for Undergraduate Construction Management Programs

Construction is a dynamic industry that requires continuous focus on academic curriculum to meet the current workforce demands. Educational institutions that are responsible for developing undergraduate students require a strategic plan to adequately prepare future construction managers to be able to better manage the ever-increasing complexity of the construction industry. This paper investigates the most important skills that today’s construction industry requires from graduating construction management students. This research examines a skill set determined by an initial preliminary survey. This skill set was then addressed through structured surveys sent to various industry stakeholders in order to identify the key skills desired by the industry from today’s graduating construction management students. The significance of the study is it identifies the key knowledge areas; personal and professional attributes; skills; and expertise that academic curriculums in construction management programs need to focus on in order to adequately prepare graduating students entering today’s modern and complex construction industry. The study concludes that knowledge of health and safety regulations, interpreting contract documents, listening ability/ giving attention to details, knowledge of building codes and regulations, and time management are the five most important skills desirable in a new hire in construction management.
Goal-directed fluid therapy versus restrictive fluid therapy: A cardiomerty study during one-lung ventilation in patients undergoing thoracic surgery

ABSTRACT Background Fluid management during thoracic anaesthesia is a challenge for the anaesthesiologists. The “safe zone” between volume overload (pulmonary oedema risk) and hypovolemia (renal failure risk) remains to be narrow and hard to determine. Purpose The aim of the present study was to assess goal-directed fluid therapy using cardiometry versus restrictive fluid therapy during one-lung ventilation in patients planned for having thoracic surgery. Methods After receiving the Ethics Committee approval and taking an informed written consent, a prospective randomized study was conducted. Fifty adult patients of both genders were scheduled for thoracic surgery with one lung ventilation. Patients were randomly categorized using closed envelope technique into two equal groups (25 patients each). Group I: a number of 25 patients underwent thoracic surgery and were managed with goal directed fluid therapy using intraoperative cardiometry. Group II: a number of 25 patients underwent thoracic surgery and were managed with intraoperative restrictive fluid therapy. Results There was a significantly increased serum lactate level, serum creatinine with decreased urine output in restrictive therapy group (RT) by the end of the surgery, immediately postoperative and 6 h postoperative (p value of <0.001). The restrictive hypoxic index values were much higher than the goal directed group values, yet, both were of normal range and no patient suffered of lung injury. A significant increase in serum neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (Ngal) in the restrictive therapy group compared to the goal directed therapy group. (p value of <0.001). Conclusion From these results, we concluded that patients undergoing thoracic surgery are preferably to be maintained over goal directed therapy protocol using electrical cardiometry. Fluid restriction is better to be individualized and aided by new technologies based on beat-to-beat variations.
A single gap transformer coupled L-C generator with resonant frequency compensation

A three stage L-C generator has been constructed to provide an output approaching its design ideal. Three dissimilar ferrite core transformers and capacitor pairs were chosen to couple each of the three stages with one switching gap. The resonant frequencies governed by the appropriate total leakage inductance and capacitance of each stage were equalized in this compensated design. The output voltage was switched to a resistive load at various levels below the maximum available. Measurements have been made of the magnitude of the load voltage for decreasing resistance values. Computer simulation studies were conducted to confirm these experimental findings.
Microbial consortia adaptation to substrate changes in anaerobic digestion

Abstract Renewable natural gas (RNG) produced from anaerobic digestion (AD) of agricultural residues is emerging a serious biofuel alternative. Complex nature of lignocellulosic biomass residues coupled with complex biochemical transformations involving a large spectrum of microbial communities make anaerobic digestion of biomass difficult to understand and control. The present work aims at studying adaptation of microbial consortia in AD to substrates changes and correlating these to biogas generation. The double edged study deals with (a) using a common starting culture inoculum on different fractions of pretreated lignocellulosic biomass (LBM) fractions; and (b) using different starter inocula for gas generation from simple glucose substrate. Taxonomic analysis using 16S amplicon sequencing is shown to highlight changes in microbial community structure and predominance, majorly in hydrolytic bacterial populations. Observed variations in the rate of digestion with different starter inocula could be related to differences in microbial community structure and relative abundance. Results with different treated biomass fractions as substrates indicated that AD performance could be related to abundance of substrate-specific microbial communities. The work is a step to a deeper understanding of AD processes that may lead to better control and operation of AD for super-scale production of RNG from biomass feedstocks.
A Battery Voltage Level Monitoring System for Telecommunication Towers

Voltage fluctuations in batteries form a major challenge the telecommunication towers face. These fluctuations mostly occur due to poor management and the lack of a battery voltage level monitoring system. The current paper presents a battery voltage-level monitoring system to be used in telecommunication towers. The proposed solution is incorporated with a centralized mobile application dashboard for accessing the live data of the installed battery, integrated with voltage-level, current, temperature, fire, and gas sensors. An Arduino Uno microcontroller board is used to process and analyze the collected data from the sensors. The Global Service Message (GSM) module is used to monitor and store data to the cloud. Users are alerted in the case of low voltage, fire, and increase in harmful gases in the tower through Short Message Service (SMS). The experiment was conducted at Ngorongoro and Manyara telecommunication towers. The developed system can be used in accessing battery information remotely while allowing real-time continuous monitoring of battery usage. The proposed battery voltage-level monitoring system contributes to the elimination of battery hazards in towers. Therefore, the proposed battery voltage level monitoring system can be adopted by telecommunication tower engineers for the reduction of voltage fluctuation risks.
Haematology of Birds and Microbial Analysis of Recycled Poultry Litter Treated with Graded Levels of Aluminium Sulphate (Alum)

The study was carried out at the poultry unit of the Department of Animal Science teaching and research farm, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria to determine the Chemical and Microbial Analysis of Poultry Litter Treated with Graded Levels of Aluminium sulphate (Alum). The alum used was obtained from the Sabon-garimarket in Zaria, Kaduna State. Aluminium sulphate (alum) was applied to the wood shavings by mixing it with alum thoroughly using hands covered with hand gloves. The rates of alum application was as follows: T1 control (normal poultry litter with no alum), T2 (5% alum by kg weight of poultry litter), T3 (10% alum by kg weight of poultry litter) and T4 (15% alum by kg weight of poultry litter). Five sets of litter samples were obtained fortnightly from each pen from different locations i.e. the four corners and centre from which the microbial load were measured. At the termination of the experiment (day 56), two birds from each pen having representative weights for the group (6 birds per Treatment) were selected and 1.5ml of blood was taken via the wing vein. Haematological parameters were analyzed by an auto haemo-analyser (BC2800 vet auto haemo analyser) at the Clinical Pathology Laboratory, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria. This result shows significant (P<0.05) difference among all the parameters analysed except MCHC. The result shows a significant decrease in the total bacteria, E. coliand Salmonella spp. in the alum treated litter groups (5%, 10% and 15% alum treated litter) compared to the control group (0% alum treated litter), the mould and yeast load was significantly increased in alum treated litter groups (5%, 10% and 15% alum treated litter) compared to the control group (0% alum treated litter). The study conclude that treating recycled poultry litter with alum can reduce microbial load of the litter. Birds reared on recycled poultry litter have significantly higher haemoglobin and PCV compared to the control.
The Relationship of Sensory Design Towards the Physical Learning Environment for Autism Classroom

Designing spaces for the autistic should be considered their sensory needs. This quantitative study employed the survey method to explore the relationship between the sensory design towards the physical learning environment. The respondents (n=384) identified and Statistical Program for Social Sciences Software (SPSS) used for data entry and analysis. Pearson's Correlation is used to highlight relationships between the variables. The result revealed sensory design have a strong significant relationship towards the physical learning environment in the context of autism. Findings hoped to benefit in creating to improve the autism learning environment in Malaysia. Keywords: Sensory design; physical learning environment; quantitative eISSN: 2398-4287© 2021. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open access article under the CC BYNC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians/Africans/Arabians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21834/ebpj.v6i18. 3070