Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Column Experiments on Sorption Coefficients and Biodegradation Rates of Selected Pharmaceuticals in Three Aquifer Sediments

The presence of pharmaceuticals in the environment, and in groundwater, has been recognized as a great environmental concern. Biodegradation and sorption are the main processes leading to the removal of contamination from the water phase. The aim of this study was to determine the transport processes of selected pharmaceuticals (antipyrine, atenolol, carbamazepine, caffeine, diclofenac, ketoprofen, sulfamethoxazole) in selected sediments (coarse sand, medium sand, sandy loam) in laboratory experiments. Moreover, the impact of flow velocities on the sorption and degradation rates of the selected compounds was studied. Column experiments were performed at three flow velocities, under abiotic and biotic conditions, applying conservative (bromide) and reactive tracers (pharmaceuticals). From the breakthrough curves, retardation factors and degradation rates were determined and the influence of variable flow conditions on transport parameters was evaluated. Low observed concentrations and recoveries of atenolol indicated a strong influence of sorption on its transport. Diclofenac, caffeine, and carbamazepine were also affected by sorption but to a lesser extent. Sulfamethoxazole, ketoprofen, and antipyrine were recovered nearly completely, indicating an almost conservative transport behavior. Biodegradation was small for all the compounds, as the results from biotic and abiotic column experiments were similar. Transport of the tested pharmaceuticals was not influenced by different flow velocities, as similar modelled degradation rates and retardation factors were found for all tested flow velocities.
Effects of unfolding case studies on nursing students' understanding and transfer of oxygenation

ii LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS AND SYMBOLS.iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS . v LIST OF TABLES . x LIST OF FIGURES . xi CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION . 1 Background . 4 Problem Statement . 9 Statement of Purpose . 9 Significance . 11 Theoretical Framework . 11 Research Questions . 17 Summary . 18 CHAPTER II: LITERATURE REVIEW . 20 Overview of Findings . 21 Student Attrition and Retention . 21 Theory to Practice . 22 Transfer of Knowledge . 28 Summary . 29
Performances of Durum Wheat Varieties Under Conventional and No-Chemical Input Management Systems in a Semiarid Mediterranean Environment

Chemical input reduction in agricultural systems is strongly demanded with the aim to improve the quality and the safety of food/feed products in an environmental sustainable perspective. Durum wheat is the most important food crop widely grown across the Mediterranean basin. However, the choice of tailored-genotypes can represent a key strategy in resource limiting conditions. The present study investigated the performance of fourteen commercial durum wheat varieties, in terms of morphologic, productive and quality traits under two cropping systems, conventional (CH) and no-chemical input (NC), for two growing seasons. The NC cropping system affected plant phenology, grain yield, and its components (i.e., ears m−2 and test weight). However, the negative influence exerted by the NC depended by the growing season (significant interaction between growing season and cropping system), which in turn affected the production behavior of genotypes (significant interaction between growing season and genotype). The additive main effect and multiplicative interaction (AMMI) analysis showed that genotype (G) effect explained the 4.3% of the total variability, the environment (E) the 71.7% and the G × E interaction the 9.4%. The AMMI stability value (ASV) indicated that Meridiano, Claudio, Saragolla, and Normanno were the most stable genotypes among environments (combination of years and management systems). An integrated environmental assessment, including a soil nitrogen balance, can help to provide a more holistic approach to the sustainability of the no-chemical Mediterranean cropping systems based on cereal-legume rotation.
Anthropogenic land cover change impact on climate extremes during the 21st century

Anthropogenic land cover change (LCC) can have significant impacts at regional and seasonal scales but also for extreme weather events to which socio-economical systems are vulnerable. However, the effects of LCC on extreme events remain either largely unexplored and/or without consensus following modelling over the historical period (often based on a single model), regional or idealized studies. Here, using simulations performed with five earth system models under common future global LCC scenarios (the RCP8.5 and RCP2.6 Representative Concentration Pathways) and analyzing 20 extreme weather indices, we find future LCC substantially modulates projected weather extremes. On average by the end of the 21st century, under RCP8.5, future LCC robustly lessens global projections of high rainfall extremes by 22% for heavy precipitation days (>10 mm) and by 16% for total precipitation amount of wet days (PRCPTOT). Accounting for LCC diminishes their regional projections by >50% (70%) in southern Africa (northeastern Brazil) but intensifies projected dry days in eastern Africa by 29%. LCC does not substantially affect projections of global and regional temperature extremes (<5%), but it can impact global rainfall extremes 2.5 times more than global mean rainfall projections. Under an RCP2.6 scenario, global LCC impacts are similar but of lesser magnitude, while at regional scale in Amazon or Asia, LCC enhances drought projections. We stress here that multi-coupled modelling frameworks incorporating all aspects of land use are needed for reliable projections of extreme events.
Do the Lessons From Micro-Conflict Literature Transfer to High Crime Areas?: Examining Mexico’s War on Drugs

Abstract Exposure to political violence has been found to affect behavioural parameters. The effects of high levels of criminal violence, however, are largely unknown. We examine the effects of Mexico’s war on drugs on risk aversion, mental health and pro-social behaviour. Using a nonlinear difference-in-differences (DiD) model, we find that the post 2006 surge in violence significantly increased risk aversion and reduced trust in civic institutions without any simultaneous strengthening of kinship relationships. Although the deterioration of mental health due to violence exposure has been hypothesised to explain changes in risk aversion, we find no such effect.
Compensatory climate effects link trends in global runoff to rising atmospheric CO2 concentration

River runoff is a key attribute of the land surface, that additionally has a strong influence on society by the provision of freshwater. Yet various environmental factors modify runoff levels, and some trends could be detrimental to humanity. Drivers include elevated CO2 concentration, climate change, aerosols and altered land-use. Additionally, nitrogen deposition and tropospheric ozone changes influence plant functioning, and thus runoff, yet their importance is less understood. All these effects are now included in the JULES-CN model. We first evaluate runoff estimates from this model against 42 large basin scales, and then conduct factorial simulations to investigate these mechanisms individually. We determine how different drivers govern the trends of runoff over three decades for which data is available. Numerical results suggest rising atmospheric CO2 concentration is the most important contributor to the global mean runoff trend, having a significant mean increase of +0.18 ± 0.006 mm yr−2 and due to the overwhelming importance of physiological effects. However, at the local scale, the dominant influence on historical runoff trends is climate in 82% of the global land area. This difference is because climate change impacts, mainly due to precipitation changes, can be positive (38% of global land area) or negative (44% of area), depending on location. For other drivers, land use change leads to increased runoff trends in wet tropical regions and decreased runoff in Southeast China, Central Asia and the eastern USA. Modelling the terrestrial nitrogen cycle in general suppresses runoff decreases induced by the CO2 fertilization effect, highlighting the importance of carbon–nitrogen interactions on ecosystem hydrology. Nitrogen effects do, though, induce decreasing trend components for much of arid Australia and the boreal regions. Ozone influence was mainly smaller than other drivers.
Broadband Mode Decomposition and Its Application to the Quality Evaluation of Welding Inverter Power Source Signals

This article proposes a novel data-driven adaptive decomposition method named broadband mode decomposition (BMD) for analyzing complex signals containing broadband components, such as square signals and sawtooth signals. For effective broadband signals with “sharp corners,” an unavoidable error occurs when applying former methods, such as variational mode decomposition (VMD) and ensemble empirical mode decomposition (EEMD), due to the Gibbs phenomenon and the interpolation of extreme points. Therefore, we propose BMD for separating the broadband modes, narrowband modes, and noise in a complex nonstationary signal. First, an associative dictionary library consisting of typical broadband signals and narrowband signals is established. Second, a smoothness function is employed as the optimization objective function, and the amplitude, frequency, and phase of the broadband signals and the filter parameters of the narrowband signals are applied as optimization parameters. Third, the sparsest decomposition results are obtained by searching the dictionary using an artificial chemical reaction optimization algorithm. The simulation and experimental signal analyses indicate that BMD is more accurate than EEMD and VMD in extracting broadband components from a noisy signal and that BMD is suitable for quality evaluations of welding inverter power source signals.
HIV-1 Viremia Not Suppressible By Antiretroviral Therapy Can Originate from Large T-Cell Clones Producing Infectious Virus

BACKGROUND HIV-1 viremia that is not suppressed by combination antiretroviral therapy (ART) is generally attributed to incomplete medication adherence and/or drug resistance. We evaluated individuals referred for non-suppressible viremia (plasma HIV-1 RNA above 40 copies/ml) who reported adherence to ART and did not show drug resistance to their current regimen. METHODS Samples were collected from at least two time points from eight donors who had non-suppressible viremia for more than six months on ART. Single templates of HIV-1 RNA obtained from plasma and viral outgrowth of cultured cells and from proviral DNA were PCR-amplified and sequenced for evidence of clones of cells that produced infectious viruses. Clones were identified by host-proviral integration site analysis. RESULTS HIV-1 genomic RNAs with identical sequences were identified in plasma samples from all eight donors. The identical viral RNA sequences did not change over time and lacked resistance to the ART regimen. In four of the donors, viral RNA sequences obtained from plasma matched those sequences from viral outgrowth cultures, indicating that the viruses were replication-competent. Integration sites for infectious proviruses from those four donors were mapped to introns of the MATR3, ZNF268, ZNF721/ABCA11P, and ABCA11P genes. The sizes of the clones were from 50 million to 350 million cells. CONCLUSION Clones of HIV-1-infected cells producing virus can cause failure of ART to suppress viremia despite medication adherence and absence of drug resistance. The mechanisms involved in clonal expansion and persistence need to be defined to eliminate viremia and the HIV-1 reservoir.
Flexible contextual modulation of naturalistic texture perception in peripheral vision

Peripheral vision comprises most of our visual field, and is essential in guiding visual behavior. Its characteristic capabilities and limitations, which distinguish it from foveal vision, have been explained by the most influential theory of peripheral vision as the product of representing the visual input using summary-statistics. Despite its success, this account may provide a limited understanding of peripheral vision, because it neglects processes of perceptual grouping and segmentation. To test this hypothesis, we studied how contextual modulation, namely the modulation of the perception of a stimulus by its surrounds, interacts with segmentation in human peripheral vision. We used naturalistic textures, which are directly related to summary-statistics representations. We show that segmentation cues affect contextual modulation, and that this is not captured by our implementation of the summary-statistics model. We then characterize the effects of different texture statistics on contextual modulation, providing guidance for extending the model, as well as for probing neural mechanisms of peripheral vision.
Kesantunan Berbahasa Tokoh Dilan dalam Novel Milea: Suara dari Dilan Karya Pidi Baiq dan Implementasinya sebagai Bahan Ajar Ulasan Buku Fiksi di SMA

Tujuan penelitian ini ialah mendeskripsikan bentuk kesantunan berbahasa yang diterapkan oleh tokoh Dilan dalam novel Milea: Suara dari Dilan karya Pidi Baiq serta menyusun bahan ajar bagi pembelajaran di SMA. Data kebahasaan berwujud kata, frasa, kalimat, dan gugus kalimat yang mengandung unsur kesantunan berbahasa yang diterapkan oleh tokoh Dilan melalui narasi dan dialog pada novel Milea: Suara dari Dilan karya Pidi Baiq. Penyediaan data dalam penelitian ini menggunakan metode studi pustaka dengan teknik membaca, menandai, dan mengklasifikasikan data. Adapun analisis data yang digunakan adalah dengan metode deskriptif analitik dengan teknik yang disesuaikan dengan tujuan penelitian yakni penafsiran. Hasil penelitian berupa klasifikasi maksim yang didasarkan pada teori Geoffrey Leech. Klasifikasi maksim yang ditemukan terdiri atas maksim kebijaksanaan bermaksud untuk menjaga perasaan dan memberi kebebasan hak orang lain; maksim penerimaan bermaksud untuk mengambil risiko dan tulus; maksim kemurahan hati bermaksud untuk memuji, berterima kasih, dan menghargai; maksim kerendahan hati bermaksud untuk menyadari keterbatasan, merefleksi diri, dan menyesali perbuatan; maksim kecocokan bermaksud untuk menyesuaikan, menyetujui, dan menenangkan; serta maksim kesimpatian bermaksud untuk berbelasungkawa dan peduli. Kata Kunci: kesantunan berbahasa, maksim kesantunan, bahan ajar
TRAUMATISM IN TRAINING PROCESS OF STUDENTS - VOLLEYBALL PLAYERS

Purpose: to analyze traumas in training process of students-volleyball players. Material: 42 students participated in the research. Students’ medical records were analyzed in the research. Results: with every year of study in university the quantity of traumas decreased. In 1st year students we found 10 traumas, in 4th year - 5. Ligament sprains are the most frequent kinds of traumas. In total we found 33.3%. Their main part covers ankle joint traumas. The reasons of them are bursts, stops, changes of movements’ direction. Rather frequents (30%) are maims of knee and elbow joints, caused by falling down. The degree of joints’ injury is, as usually, negligible. The highest quantity of moderate and heavy traumas was among 1st year students (9 from 10) and 2nd year students (8 from 8). Conclusions: prophylaxis complex for prevention of volleyball traumas has been offered. Volleyball traumas’ prevention implies improvement methodic and technique of students-volleyball players’ training. The main reasons of traumatism are the following: non observation of sports training principles; poor organizational and logistical support of training process.
A Comparative Study of Document Representation Methods

Document representation learning is crucial for downstream machine learning tasks such as document classification. Recent neural network approaches such as Doc2Vec and its variants are popular. Regarding its comparison with traditional representation methods such as the TF-IDF method, the results are not very conclusive due to several factors– Doc2vec has many hyper-parameters, resulting in performance fluctuation; traditional methods have space to improve. More importantly, document length and data size have impacts on the result. This thesis conducts a comparative study of these methods, and propose to improve the TF-IDF weighting with mutual information(MI). We find that Doc2vec works good only for short documents, and only when the data size (the number of documents) is large. For long documents and small data size, MI performs better. The experiments are conducted extensively on 11 data sets that are of a variety of combinations of document length and data size. In addition, we study the relationship between TF-IDF and MI weighting. We find that their correlation is high overall (Pearson correlation coefficient is over 0.9 on all the data sets used in our thesis). For medium frequency words, the MI weighting is always smaller than the TF-IDF weighting. However, for rare words and popular words, MI diverges from TF-IDF greatly, and the weighting of MI is higher than TF-IDF for popular words but lower than TF-IDF for rare words.
Defense planning in the fog of peace: the transatlantic currency conversion conundrum

ABSTRACT Resource allocation to and within defense budgets is grand strategy. NATO and the EU coordinate defense planning and encourage fair burden-sharing among their members. We analyze the effect of agreed planning processes, namely the “NATO Defense Planning Process (NDPP)” on the conversion of political will to resources and then to capabilities development across the transatlantic security community. In a “fog of peace” featuring diverse threats, and in which allies may disagree on strategic rivals and sources of risk, national and regional political economies shape strategy, not the other way around.
Latency-First datacenter network scheduling

This specification defines a 28 Gb/s QSFP+ pluggable transceiver solution popularly known as QSFP28. It gathers the appropriate/unique Base Electrical, Optical, Common Management, Module/Plug Formfactor, Host connector and cage specifications into a clearly delineated solution for users. There are multiple generations of QSFP+ Forwarded to Standardization 10 Gb/s QSFP10 EIA-964/SFF-8436 Continuing Projects 10 Gb/s QSFP10 SFF-8635 14 Gb/s QSFP14 SFF-8685 28 Gb/s QSFP28 SFF-8665 Connectors compliant to SFF-8665 are also compliant to SFF-8685, and SFF-8635, but the reverse is not necessarily true. This document provides a common specification for systems manufacturers, system integrators, and suppliers. This is an internal working document of the SFF Committee, an industry ad hoc group. This specification is made available for public review, and written comments are solicited from readers. Comments received by the members will be considered for inclusion in future revisions of this specification. Support: This specification is supported by the identified member companies of the SFF Committee.
Globalization and Job Insecurity in Danish Firms: A Multilevel Study

Globalization is on the agenda as a cause of job insecurity, but knowledge regarding the relationship between globalization, management practices, and employee job insecurity is in fact limited. This study aims to investigate this multilevel association, defining globalization by the interrelated aspects of competition, liberalization, and technological innovation, and management by offensive practices such as external collaboration, organizational change, numerical flexibility, and work intensification. Questionnaire data were collected in 2010 from 3392 employees of 569 Danish companies and analyzed with multilevel modeling. The results show that international collaboration and numerical flexibility are associated with higher job insecurity. The level of job insecurity 60 Globalization and Job Insecurity in Danish Firms Sabine Raeder et al. varies with occupational position, age group, and company size. Because globalization and the management of globalization are associated with employee job insecurity, companies should react in a timely way to globalization pressures: for example, by involving employees, communicating clearly, and supporting employees with lower education.
Pattern of Refractive Errors in Children Attending an Oil Refining Company Clinic in Port Harcourt, Nigeria - A Privileged Population

Background/Aim: Refractive errors are abnormal visual conditions that are usually managed by spectacle correction, use of contact lenses or laser surgery. They are relatively common and should be corrected as soon as possible in children to enable them have adequate vision to live a normal active life without visually-induced limitations. With increasing westernization, the misconceptions illiterate and semi-literate parents had about use of glasses at an early age have been largely overcome and more young children are nowadays being brought to the hospital for visual problems and where refractive errors are implicated, having their parents actually purchase the spectacles and encourage their use. The aim of this study is to find out the types of refractive error that occur in children aged 1 18 years obtaining spectacle correction from the Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation (N.N.P.C.) Medical Services in Akpajo, Port Harcourt. This is for comparison with data obtained in other locations within the state, geographical region and worldwide for effective planning for future school health and prevention of blindness programmes in the state. Methodology: This is a retrospective study in which data on refraction was obtained from the records of all children (aged 1 18 years) who were refracted during a period of one year (1st May, 2018 to 30th April, 2019) at the NNPC medical services facility. The children entitled to treatment in this facility are those of currently serving staff of the corporation. Relevant data such as age, sex and past ocular/family history were obtained from the electronic medical records. Other data included visual acuity, results of basic eye examinations; external ocular examination, funduscopy, slit lamp examination as well as the result of refraction. All the information was entered into a proforma specifically designed for this study and analysis was done using SPSS Version 20. Results: One hundred and fifty one children were seen, sixty six males and eighty five females with an age range of 1 18 years. (mean age was 12.53 std = 3.18. The commonest refractive error encountered was hyperopic astigmatism, followed closely by myopic astigmatism. Hyperopia was uncommon and anisometropia was rare. Refractive error is commonest in the adolescent age group (13 18 years) and there is no significant relationship between type of refractive error and sex distribution of patients diagnosed with refractive error.