Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Urbanization and individual differences in exploration and plasticity

Urban environments impose novel challenges on animals and, as a result, the behaviors of urban wildlife are changing. In particular, high exploratory tendencies and an ability to gather more information from the environment may facilitate adoption of novel ecological opportunities. As of yet, very few studies have examined if urbanization predicts the way in which animals explore novel environments, or the extent of among-individual variation within these habitats. Here, we assess exploration and its temporal plasticity in blackcapped chickadees (Poecile atricapillus; N = 169 individuals, 14 sites) caught along an urban gradient to examine individual differences in exploration and changes in exploration over time and assays under a reaction-norm framework. As predicted, urban birds were significantly faster explorers in a novel environment (contacted more features and moved more), however urbanization did not predict individual differences in the change in exploration over time. Exploration score was moderately repeatable; interestingly, urban chickadees were more repeatable in their initial exploration behaviors, but seemed less repeatable in how they explored over time between assays in comparison to forest birds. Our results support the importance of high exploratory tendencies for urban animals, and suggest, for the first time, that individuals from urban and non-urban habitats differ in the amount of among-individual variation in exploration, and thus urban individuals may benefit from diverging more from one another in their behavior. Future work should examine the extent to which this variation in exploration and plasticity of exploration behaviors represent differences in how individuals gather information from their environment.
EVALUATING THE IMPACT OF OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY MEASURES ON WORK PERFORMANCE IN KAM WIRE INDUSTRY, ILORIN

An organization becomes significantly effective by reducing the rates and severity of occupational accidents, diseases, workplace violence, stress related illnesses through availability of safety and health measures or schemes since the workplace depends on its employees as working partners and fellow members of the organization community. This in turn improves the quality of employees’ work performance in the organization. The study therefore seeks to ascertain the influence of health and safety schemes on employees’ work performance in Kam Wire Industry, Ilorin in Kwara - State. This was with the population of 318 and the sample size of 177 which was determined with the use of Taro Yamane’s formula. Simple random sampling technique was employed for the study with the utilization of structured questionnaire to elicit the needed information from the respondents. The descriptive statistics used comprised simple percentages and tables, while inferential statistics utilized were multiples regressions. The findings of the study showed that staff of Kam Wire Industry could effectively and easily assess the company’s occupational health and safety measures. The findings of the study pointed out further that there is a significant effect of industrial health and safety measures on employees’ work performance in the industry (R 2 =.148; F= 16.413, p < 0.05) . The study therefore recommends: that efforts should always be made to involve employees as well in the decisions making that directly affect them; and that regular inspection and maintenance should frequently be carried out on the safety and health management facilities of the company. This is to make the facilities to be up-to-date.
RUANG KREATIF DIGITAL

Millennial are considered as a generation that could integrate with technology better than previous generation. The presence of technology is something that can’t be removed in this generation. They live a life which always have been connected with technology, and also entitled as net generation that has the ability to be connected with various worlds. With today’s advancement, presence of technology in millennial generation affect workshop machinery with digital technology. The formed program is expected to be able to answer the characteristics of the millennial generation in the digital technology sector by providing workshops with education and training space for start-ups. The designed space system consists of several programs combined based on analysis of Millennial generation needs and workspace typology analysis. The choice of location is chosen based on several criteria; based on the location of the city center, close to many presences of the millennial, and located in where public transportation is easily accessible. The design created will have the concept of a digitally made product, so that it attracts visitors. The rental system is applied in buildings based on the following spaces with supporting facilities. Placement and orientation will be adjusted according to the results of the site analysis, and to create an environmentally friendly building, the ground floor building will be half open and greenery concept around the site.
Habitat selection and population trends of the Torngat Mountains caribou herd

Understanding why species at risk select certain habitat and what components of their life history influence changes in numbers can help mitigate population declines. The Torngat Mountains caribou (Rangifer tarandus) herd in northern Quebec-Labrador, Canada, is declining, and few studies have examined the potential causes of this decline. We fitted 9 Argos and 26 global positioning system (GPS)-collars on 35 adult caribou (25 female, 10 male) between 2011 and 2016 to assess seasonal habitat selection at 2 spatial scales, current and future population trends, and interactions with the neighboring Rivi ere-George migratory caribou herd. The caribou of the Torngat Mountains herd selected areas with abundant food resources in winter and where prevalence of insects was lower in summer. They did not avoid areas where predation risk was high during calving. Spatial overlap with the Rivi ere-George herd range decreased from 1990 to 2015 and was correlated with the size of the Rivi ere-George population, which declined drastically during this period. The decline of the Torngat Mountains population was principally attributed to the low survival of adult females (0.72 annual survival rate) owing to subsistence harvest (9/24) and predation (7/24). Demographic models revealed that the growth rate of the population (l) could vary from 0.83 (current) to 0.94 following a decrease in harvest pressure. Using demographic scenarios, we showed that the Torngat Mountains herd could continue to decrease if no management actions were taken to increase adult female survival. 2018 The Wildlife Society.
Territory management based on the assessment of environmental noise in near areas to two medical centers on zone planning units 44 and 47 in Bogotá

Introduction: This article shows the evaluation of environmental noise around the medical centers located in the UPZ Americas and Kennedy Central Bogotá, and the proposal of some actions related to the planning of the territory as a strategy for mitigation. Problem: The Kennedy town has presented high levels of environmental noise, which is a worrying aspect due to its correlation with the effects on people’s health. Objective: This research was conducted for the purpose of compiling updated information on environmental noise in the Kennedy locality and evaluating regulatory compliance and identifing the phenomena to establish actions that lead to its mitigation. Methodology: The measurement process was guided under the guidelines of ISO 1996:1 and the parameters established in Res. 627/2006 of the Ministry of Environment. Results: The ambient noise levels exceed the maximum permissible limits (55 dB) on the different days and hours of measurement. It was also determined that this phenomenon is mainly related to high vehicular flow as well as formal and informal commercial activities around medical centers. Conclusion: There is no regulatory compliance in relation to environmental noise and the territorial plan established in the UPZ. The suggested actions are: use of parks to plant native trees that act as biological barriers, non-use of surrounding streets as secondary traffic roads and reorganization of trade activities. Originality: Updated environmental noise data was obtained around medical centers in Kennedy and problems of inappropriate growth and development were identified. Limitations: Lack of information on environmental noise measurements in other sectors of the area.
Tailored photometric stereo: Optimization of light source positions for various materials

Automatic detection of crowd congestion in high density crowds is a challenging problem, with substantial interest for safety and security applications. In this paper, we propose a method that can automatically identify and localize congested regions in crowded videos. Our proposed method is based on the notion that pedestrians in the congested region follow a particular behavior. Pedestrians in the congested areas cannot move freely due to space unavailability and tend to undergo lateral oscillations. In our method, we first extract trajectories by using particle advection technique and then compute oscillatory features for each trajectory. Trajectories with higher oscillation values and with less proximity are clustered, indicating the congested regions. We perform experiments on a diversity of challenging scenarios. From the experimental results, we show that our method provides precise localization of congested regions in crowd videos.
Physiological and Sanitary Quality in Cowpea Seeds Produced in Rio Grande Do Norte, Brazil

The importance of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp. ) to the Northeast region of Brazil is undeniable, it is a major crop in local family agriculture. As a result, the research aimed to evaluate the physiological and sanitary quality of local varieties of cowpea coming from the state of Rio Grande do Norte. The experiment was carried out at the Seed Pathology and Seed Analysis Laboratory, in Federal University of Paraíba, Campus II, Areia, Paraiba, Brazil. Six cowpea varieties (Baeta, Coruja, Sempre Verde, Epace 10, Feijão da Bahia and Pingo de Ouro) from rural Area of the municipality of Apodi, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil.were evaluated Seed physiological quality was evaluated by determining the first germination count (FGC), germination percentage (G%), seedling length (SL) and electrical conductivity (EC). The sanitary quality of the seeds was evaluated by the method of incubation in filter paper (blotter test). The experimental design was completely randomized, with 4 replicates. The Pingo de Ouro, Sempre Verde and Coruja varieties had germination percentages greater than the minimum standards required for commercialization, while the lower germination percentage and vigor of the Feijão da Bahia, Epace 10 and Baeta varieties may be associated with the presence of Aspergillus sp. and Penicillium sp.
Effects of Ability Grouping on the Performance of Basic School Pupils in Ghana

This study examined the effects of ability grouping in two Ghanaian private basic schools. Through a qualitative research design, data were gathered using non-participant observation techniques and semi-structured interviews with 22 teachers from the two case study schools. The major findings that emerged were: 1) ability grouping makes it easier for teachers to target and meet the learning needs and interests of diverse groups of pupils with similar abilities; 2) the practice has a positive impact on teaching and learning for both low and high ability groups, as it eliminates boredom among the former and increases competition among the latter; and 3) the main challenges teachers face in optimizing the use of the practice in the classroom include unavailability of reading materials and inadequate psychological and teaching skills. Overall, the data had validated that ability grouping does have positive impact on teaching, learning and pupil performance; but more needs to be done, through the provision of reading materials and specialized PD programmes for teachers, to help optimize the use of the practice in the classroom. This study provides information on ability grouping in Ghana, which could benefit teachers and policy implementers in other developing nations and beyond.
NUMERICAL STUDY OF THE EFFECT OF THE INSULATION OF THE WALLS ON NATURAL CONVECTION IN A DIFFERENTIALLY HEATED CAVITY

In this work, we study numerically the natural convection in a square cavity using the Navier-Stokes equations with the Boussinesq approximation. A finite difference method based on the control volume notion is used to resolve, in nondimensional forms, the natural convection equations. The results are obtained for various combinations of the parameters of base, such as the Rayleigh number (10 3 ≤ Ra ≤ 5⋅10 6 ), the relative thermal conductivity (0.1 ≤ K ≤ ≤ 100), the relative width of the walls (0 ≤ e ≤ 0.2) and the relative spacing (0.05 ≤ espa ≤ 0.3). The numerical simulations of natural convection in a cavity having walls of finite width have shown the possibility to reduce significantly the heat transfer by using appropriate isolation techniques.
Activity and foraging efficiency of the aerial insectivorous bat Molossus molossus (Molossidae) in Brazilian Atlantic Forest

Activity outside day roosts among insectivorous bat species can vary considerably and has been linked to feeding habits. We aimed to assess time of emergence, duration of activity, and foraging efficiency in a Brazilian population of Molossus molossus. We also investigated if body mass gain was related to foraging amplitude and night length. We achieved 592 first-time captures and recaptures of 248 adult individuals. The bats were predominantly crepuscular. Average duration of activity outside roosts was 36 min. We found that individuals captured returning to their roosts were significantly heavier (mean = 0.80 g) than those upon emergence, equating to average consumption of ~22 mg/min insects during the bats’ activity period. Although we only sampled the first of two periods of nightly activity for M. molossus, we show the importance of insectivorous bats for insect suppression, especially when insect abundance peaks during the summer. Further studies should focus on the potential for using bats as a biological control, given that Brazil has a globally significant agricultural economy.
Results from the 2016 Census: Education and Labour Market Integration of Black Youth in Canada. Insights on Canadian Society.

Using integrated 2006 and 2016 census data, this study examines the education and labour market integration outcomes of a recent cohort of young Black Canadians. Specifically, this study examines the link between the characteristics of the youth and their families when they were living with their parents (in 2006), and their education and labour market outcomes 10 years later (in 2016).
Intracellular pH and Tyrosine Phosphorylation but Not Calcium Determine Shear Stress–Induced Nitric Oxide Production in Native Endothelial Cells

Abstract Signaling pathways determining the shear stress–induced production of NO from endothelial cells in situ were investigated using a bioassay system in which shear stress was increased by inducing vasoconstriction in an endothelium-intact donor segment (rabbit iliac artery) while maintaining a constant luminal perfusion rate. Shear stress–induced NO production, as assessed by changes in the tone of a preconstricted endothelium-denuded detector ring, was biphasic and consisted of an initial transient (20- to 25-minute) Ca2+-dependent phase followed by a Ca2+-independent plateau phase, which was maintained as long as the donor segment remained constricted. Stretching the donor segments to their in vivo length abolished the initial phase without affecting the plateau phase of NO release. Inhibition of the Na+-H+ exchanger using HOE 694 elicited an intracellular acidification, which attenuated shear stress–induced NO production. The specific protein kinase C inhibitor, Ro 31-8220, was without effect, wh.
The economics of mental health: from risk factors to financing

This thesis investigates the economics of mental health focusing on three dimensions: financing and services organisation, medication adherence, and socio-economic determinants. Part I provides a detailed analysis on the financial incentives to deliver mental healthcare services. It also proposes innovative payment mechanisms to incentivise integrated community-based care, to detect and prevent mental disorders early in life, and to implement a collaborative stepped care model for depression. Part II assesses the socio-economic factors that influence non-adherence rates and investigates how one can use a payment mechanism to induce adherence. Finally, Part III explores the relationship between unemployment and mental health by age group and education level.
What Private Equity Does Differently: Evidence from Life Insurance

This paper studies how private equity creates value and its consequences for consumer welfare in the insurance industry, where PE investments grew tenfold following the financial crisis. PE firms add value through regulatory and tax arbitrage that increases profits relative to their non-PE counterparts. Crucially, the impact on consumer welfare is nuanced: in the short run, consumers benefit from more favorably priced products. But the arbitrage strategy also exposes them to more risk, as annual expected losses scaled by capital buffers rise by 50 percentage points. This creates the possibility of consumer harm in the event of a downturn.
Timing the senses and sensing the time : individual differences in subjective duration

Although the experimental investigation of the perception of time dates back to around 1864 (Lejeune & Wearden, 2009) the reasons for variation between individuals are still poorly understood. Advancing in this area has been identified as one of the most important issues for the modern investigation of time perception (Hancock & Block, 2012). Although various individual differences in time perception have been identified, these are usually based on comparisons between different groups depending on characteristics such as age or gender; clinical conditions such as schizophrenia or autism; or induced differences such as temperature or pharmacology. In this thesis we seek to investigate whether, and how, intrinsic individual differences in sensory processing within the general population influence individual timing behaviour. This is accomplished over four experiments. The first seeks a relationship between the EEG alpha rhythm, which is strongly associated with visual and audio-visual temporal integration, and behaviour on four timing tasks; while trends are in the expected directions no significant relationship emerges. The second responds to this null result by seeking a relationship between audio-visual integration and estimated, sub-second, durations in a purely behavioural paradigm, in this case the results show a significant association. The final two experiments are concerned with individual differences in interoceptive accuracy (sensitivity to ones own bodily signals), and how these influence the effect of arousal on time judgement. The first experiment, using supra-second durations, finds no effects, but the second, using shorter durations (under 1200ms) and addressing some methodological concerns, does find a significant moderation, by interoception, of the effect of emotional arousal upon time. We conclude that this provides substantial evidence that exteroceptive and interoceptive primary sensory processes play a role in individual variation in timing tasks, a finding that provides many further avenues of investigation.
Effects of stocking density and artificial substrates on yield and water quality in a biofloc shrimp nursery culture

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of different stocking densities and the presence/absence of two artificial substrates on water quality and production rates of marine shrimp in a biofloc shrimp nursery culture. Two experiments were performed: different stocking densities with mosquito netting substrate and the presence/absence of polyester-type substrate. The first experiment lasted 38 days, and shrimp at an initial weight of 0.013±0.010 g were stocked in 24 tanks. The second experiment lasted 35 days, [. ]
General viscosity iterative process for solving variational inclusion and fixed point problems involving multivalued quasi-nonexpansive and demicontractive operators with application

In this paper, we introduce and study a new iterative method which is based on viscosity general algorithm and forward-backward splitting method for finding a common element of the set of common fixed points of multivalued demicontractive and quasi-nonexpansive mappings and the set of solutions of variational inclusion with set-valued maximal monotone mapping and inverse strongly monotone mappings in real Hilbert spaces. We prove that the sequence $x_n$ which is generated by the proposed iterative algorithm converges strongly to a common element of two sets above. Finally, our theorems are applied to approximate a common solution of fixed point problems with set-valued operators and the composite convex minimization problem. Our theorems are significant improvements on several important recent results.
Bistability of Free Cobalt and Iron Clusters

The cobalt and iron clusters Co N , Fe N (20 < N < 150) measured in a cryogenic molecular beam are found to be bistable with magnetic moments per atom both µ N / N ~2µ B in the ground states and µ N * / N ~µ B in the metastable excited states (for iron clusters, µ N ~3 N µ B and µ N * ~ N µ B ). This energy gap between the two states vanish for large clusters, which explains the rapid convergence of the magnetic moments to the bulk value and suggests that ground state for the bulk involves a superposition of the two, in line with the fluctuating local orders in the bulk itinerant ferromagnetism.
Ecotoxicity of the Neonicotinoid Insecticides Imidacloprid and Thiacloprid to the Soil-Dwelling Arthropod Folsomia candida (Collembola)

Abstract The ecotoxicity of the neonicotinoid insecticides imidacloprid and thiacloprid to the soil-dwelling arthropod Folsomia candida was assessed under laboratory conditions. The tests were focused on the survival and reproduction of F. candida in OECD artificial soil (5% organic matter) after 28 days of treatment in the soil. Imidacloprid was found to be more toxic than thiacloprid. Median lethal doses (LC50s) for effects on survival were 0.84 and 3.5 mgkg−1 dry soil for imidacloprid and thiacloprid, respectively, while half maximal effective concentration (EC50s) for effects on the reproduction were 0.82 and 0.55 mgkg−1 dry soil, respectively. No observed effective concentration (NOEC) for effects on reproduction was <0.01 and <0.31 mgkg−1 dry soil for imidacloprid and thiacloprid, respectively. Both neonicotinoids showed an adverse effect on F. candida, with severe effects on their survival (for imidacloprid), and reproduction (for thiacloprid), which can lead to population collapse with time. This study shows that both, imidacloprid and thiacloprid, can affect the survival and reproduction of F. candida at concentrations below their respective NOECs in the soil. Further studies under more realistic conditions are needed.