Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
THE CHANGING STATUS OF MARINE BIRDS BREEDING AT SAN BENEDICTO ISLAND, MEXICO

Abstract We reviewed the status of the breeding marine birds on San Benedicto Island, Mexico, based on >100 years of published observations and seven of our own surveys conducted between 1978 and 2000. We found that there have been marked changes in the island avifauna with two main trends evident. First, a volcanic eruption destroyed much of the island in 1952. The Wedge-tailed Shearwater (Puffinus pacificus; estimated breeding population 1,000 pairs), Townsend's Shearwater (Puffinus auricularis; probable breeder, small numbers), and Red-footed Booby (Sula sula; 60 pairs) historically had much larger populations, but they apparently never fully recovered from the eruption. The Masked Booby (Sula dactylatra; 2,185 pairs), however, has become much more abundant perhaps due to changes in the vegetation. The second trend is that within the last three decades at least two, and possibly four, species from the central Pacific have colonized the island. The Laysan Albatross (Phoebastria immutabilis; 12 pairs) started breeding in the late 1980s; Black-footed Albatross (Phoebastria nigripes; 1 pair) in 2000. Red-tailed Tropicbirds (Phaethon rubricauda; probable breeder, 10 pairs) may have started breeding in the 1980s, and at least some of the breeding Brown Boobies (Sula leucogaster; 300 pairs) are from central Pacific populations. The reason(s) for this influx of central Pacific species is unknown, but likely involves changes in the marine environment. Other breeding species include the Red-billed Tropicbird (Phaethon aethereus; 200 pairs), Nazca Booby (Sula granti; 50 pairs), Great Frigatebird (Fregata minor; 165 pairs), and Magnificent Frigatebird (Fregata magnificens; 5 pairs).
Expression of chemokines and their receptors in human and simian astrocytes: Evidence for a central role of TNFα and IFNγ in CXCR4 and CCR5 modulation

Chemokines are key mediators of the selective migration of leukocytes that occurs in neurodegenerative diseases and related inflammatory processes. Astrocytes, the most abundant cell type in the CNS, have an active role in brain inflammation. To ascertain the role of astrocytes during neuropathological processes, we have investigated in two models of primary cells (human fetal and simian adult astrocytes) the repertoire of chemokines and their receptors expressed in response to inflammatory stimuli. We demonstrated that, in the absence of any stimulation, human fetal and simian adult astrocytes express mRNA for receptors APJ, BOB/GPR15, Bonzo/CXCR6, CCR2, CCR3, CCR5, CCR8, ChemR23, CXCR3/GPR9, CXCR4, GPR1, and V28/CX3CR1. Moreover, TNFα and IL‐1β significantly increase BOB/GPR15, CCR2, and V28/CX3CR1 mRNA levels in both models. Furthermore, TNFα and IFNγ act synergistically to induce expression of the major coreceptors for HIV infection, CXCR4 and CCR5, at both the mRNA and protein levels in human and simian astrocytes, whereas CCR3 expression was not affected by cytokine treatment. Finally, TNFα/IFNγ was the most significant cytokine combination in leading to a pronounced upregulation in a comparable, time‐dependent manner of the production of chemokines IP‐10/CXCL10, RANTES/CCL5, MIG/CXCL9, MCP‐1/CCL2, and IL‐8/CXCL8. In summary, these data suggest that astrocytes serve as an important source of chemokines under the dependence of a complex cytokine regulation, and TNFα and IFNγ are important modulators of chemokines and chemokine receptor expression in human as well as simian astrocytes. Finally, with the conditions we used, there was no difference between species or age of tissue. GLIA 41:354–370, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Inter- and intra-specific variation in accumulation of cadmium by peanut, soybean, and navybean

Production of summer grain legumes like peanut, soybean, and navybean is expanding into irrigated or high rainfall areas on more acid, lighter textured soils in coastal areas of north-eastern Australia. A history of intensive use of phosphatic fertilisers, combined with soil properties which generally enhance phytoavailability of cadmium (Cd), have produced concerns about the likely quality of grain legumes produced in these areas. This paper reports fleld and pot experiments which examine the efiect of grain legume species and variety on Cd accumulation when grown across a range of soil types. Results clearly show that both peanut and soybean accumulate Cd in seeds at levels greater than the maximum permitted concentration (MPC, 0¢05 mg Cd/kg) even on soils with relatively low total or available Cd concentrations ( soybean > navybean, with the difierences between peanut and navybean apparently correlated with difierences in total plant Cd uptake. Cadmium concentrations in plant tops always exceeded that in seeds or kernel, and the testa in peanut kernel was shown to contain Cd concentrations that were 50 times greater than that in the embryonic axis and cotyledons. Signiflcant (P < 0¢05) variation in Cd content (at least 2-fold) was recorded among peanut varieties, with lesser variation evident among a limited sample of commercial navybean varieties. Comparison of results for 11 peanut varieties grown at each of 2 locations suggested strong genotype£environment interactions determining kernel Cd concentration. Highly signiflcant (P < 0¢01) linear relationships were established between soil Cd in the cultivated layer (0{20 cm; 0¢ 1 M CaCl2 extraction) and seed Cd content in fleld-grown soybean. However, despite observations of an apparent relationship between soil Cd (CaCl2 extraction) and peanut kernel Cd in pot studies, relationships between soil Cd in the cultivated layer and kernel Cd could not be reproduced in fleld trials. Kernel Cd concentrations from fleld-grown peanut plants were generally higher than those from pot trials, despite using soil collected from the cultivated layer (0{20 cm) of the fleld site for the potting medium. The presence of signiflcant levels of Cd to approximately 60 cm in the soil proflle and a general decline in pHw with depth suggest the lack of correlation between soil test Cd in the top 20 cm and kernel Cd in fleld-grown plants may be at least partly due to Cd uptake from deeper soil layers.
Effect of GA3, KNO3, and removing of basal point of seeds on germination of sweet granadilla (Passiflora ligularis Juss) and yellow passion fruit (Passiflora edulis f. flavicarpa)

Passiflora seeds germinate erratically presenting difficulties for their handling in a greenhouse. The effect of removing of basal point of seeds (RB) and pre-imbibition of seeds of sweet granadilla and yellow passion fruit in 50, 100, 200, and 400 mg mL -1 solutions of gibberellic acid (GA 3 ) or 0.1% KNO 3 solution was studied. The experiment was conducted in greenhouses in La Plata, Colombia. Two accessions PrJ1 and PrJ2 of sweet granadilla were evaluated. There were calculated the final percentage of germination (PG), mean germination time (MGT), and the mean germination rate (MGR). The leaf area and dry mass of seedlings were measured 22 days after sowing (das); with this data, specific leaf area and relation root/ shoot were calculated. In all cases, the highest germination percentages were achieved treating seeds with KNO 3 (89, 92, and 87% for yellow passion fruit, PrJ2, and PrJ1, respectively), but the increase in MGR (3.3 germinated seeds per day) and the decrease in MGT (16 days) were only significant for PrJ1. RB had a significant reduction of PG in all cases (28, 12, and 33% for passion fruit, PrJ2 and PrJ1, respectively). With the increase in the concentration of GA 3 , PG was reduced for two accessions of sweet granadilla, for yellow passion fruit this trend was not clear, no treatment with GA 3 showed significant differences with the control. Leaf area (24.07 cm2) and dry mass of seedlings (135 mg) were significantly higher than seeds previously treated with KNO 3 only for PrJ1.The solution of KNO 3 0,1% is recommended to improve the germination and initial growth of granadilla seedlings. Index terms: Pre-imbibition, final percentage of germination, mean germination time, mean germination rate, leaf area.
Effect of progesterone on some reproductive performances in cattle

Our experiment was conducted at a special dairy farm in Dakahlia Governorate between the periods (March –May 2018), This farm consisted of 400 Holestien cows; from the total of the animals only 210 lactating cows. The established experiment applied on 40 cows suffered from different types of anestrum detected by ultrasonography as follow (15 cows suffer from cystic ovary, 15 cows suffer from smooth inactive ovaries and 10 cows suffer from persist corpus luteum to study the effect of progesterone device insertion in dairy cattle and its effect in fertility. On day 0, cattle at random stage of estrous cycle received controlled internal drug release vaginal insert (CIDR). We left the CIDR in the vagina for seven days as we inject PGF2 on day 6 and remove the CIDR on day 7, blood samples were collected from 25 animals at zero day, 3rd, 7th and 9th day from the tail vein, and then we follow the estrous and detected the estrus cow for AI and apply ultrasonography for pregnancy diagnosis after 30 day from insemination From this study it was concluded that the use of progesterone for 7 days +i.m. injection of PGF2α in the 7th day can applied to dairy cattle to restart ovarian activity and it is an effective treatment for different infertility cases like cystic ovarian disease, persist corpus luteum and smooth in active ovaries. Moreover present study provides evidence for the importance of prior exposure to progesterone for cows to express estrous behavior, increase number of pregnant animals and increase conception rate.
Molecular Changes at Speciation

The remarkably rapid growth of molecular genetics during the past two decades and concomitant advances in DNA technology have had an enormous impact in systematic and evolutionary biology (76, 89, 92, 110, 129). The ability to compare DNA sequences (either directly or indirectly) has resulted in a wealth of new, high resolution genetic markers appropriate for defining patterns of variation at all levels in the evolutionary hierarchy. Discoveries in molecular genetics have also fundamentally altered and expanded our understanding of genome structure and dynamics and of patterns and mechanisms of gene regulation. These discoveries, in turn, have fueled speculation about possible implications for evolutionary process (84, 127). In this review I examine the consequences of speciation for patterns of molecular genetic variation within and among populations. I consider the following questions: (i) Does speciation leave a distinctive signature on patterns of molecular genetic variation? If so, can we use variation in DNA sequences (or allozymes) to gain insights into either the geography of speciation or the evolutionary forces that have been operating? (ii) Can we use estimates of genetic distance to make judgments about species status or to date speciation events? Inferring process from pattern in evolutionary biology is notoriously difficult, and the use of molecular genetic variation to illuminate processes of
Effects of Microalgae and Alfalfa Meal on Population Growth and Production of a Freshwater Rotifer, Euchlanis dilatata (Rotifera: Mongononta)

Population growth and production of the freshwater rotifer, Euchlanis dilatata, were determined after being fed 1 of 12 diets: Scenedesmus quadricauda (S), Chlorella vulgaris (C), baker's yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) (Y), alfalfa meal (Medicago spp.) (A), and eight combinations of S+C, S+Y, C+Y, S+C+Y, S+A, C+A, S+C+A, and Y+A (mixture in the same ratio by equal nitrogen weight). Results showed that both microalgal and alfalfa meal alone and in combination with Y had a significantly higher (P < 0.05) population growth and production compared with Y alone. The mean maximum E. dilatata population density fed on S, S+Y, C, C+Y, S+C, S+C+Y, Y, A, S+A, C+A, S+C+A, and Y+A diets were 65 ± 7.5 (mean ± SE), 124.6 ± 17.2, 115.8 ± 7.9, 41.5 ± 7.9, 131 ± 14.1, 93.5 ± 8.7, 14.5 ± 7.6, 129.5 ± 18.5, 255.0 ± 20.5, 180 ± 30.5, 124.5 ± 25.4, and 61.5 ± 24.5 individuals/mL, respectively. Correspondingly, the mean population growth rates (K) through the 16-d culture period were 0.29, 0.40, 0.45, 0.27, 0.34, 0.41, 0.26, 0.51, 0.58, 0.59, 0.39, and 0.45/d, respectively. Results indicated that alfalfa meal in combination with microalgae and yeast could be used as primary diets for E. dilatata culture. This may reduce the costs of rotifer production.
Proposed role of W chromosome inactivadon and the absence of dosage compensation in avian sex determination

Three features of avian sex chromosomes - female heterogamety (ZZ male, ZW female), the apparently inactive state of the W chromosome, and dose-dependent expression of Z-linked genes - are examined in regard to their possible relation to sex determination. It is proposed that the W chromosome is facultatively heterochromatic and that the Z and W chromosomes carry one or more homologous sexdetermination genes. The absence of dosage compensation in ZZ embryos, and W inactivation in ZW embryos, would then bring about a 2n(ZZ)—n(ZW) inequality in the effective copy number of such genes. The absence of dosage compensation of Z-linked genes in ZZ embryos is viewed as a means by which two copies of Z-W homologous sex determination genes are kept active to meet the requirements of testis determination. W inactivation may promote ovarian development by reducing the effective copy number of these genes from 2n to n. If there is a W-specific gene for femaleness, spread of heterochromatization to this gene in cells forming the right gonadal primordium may explain the latter’s normally undifferentiated state; reversal of heterochromatization may similarly explain the development of the right gonad into a testis following left ovariectomy.
Haematological and serum indices of goat fed fungi treated Jatropha curcas kernel cake in a mixed ration

The study evaluates the efficacy of fungi (Aspergillus niger and Trichoderma longibrachitum) treated Jatropha curcas kernel cake in a mixed ration on percentage packed cell volume, red blood cell, white blood cell, haemoglobin, lymphocyte, monocyte, eosinophil, basophil, neutrophil, urea, creatinine, aspertate amino transferase, alanine phosphateses and alanine transference of goat. The West African dwarf goat (n = 15) were randomized against the experimental diets {(Diet A, control; B (50% soybean cake +50% A. niger treated Jatropha kernel cake); C (100% A. nigertreated J. curcas kernel cake); D (50% soybean cake + 50% T. longibrachiyum treated J. curcas kernel cake) and E (100% T. longibrachiyum treated J. curcas kernel cake)} in a completely randomized design model for a 70 day period. Feeding and watering were given freely throughout the study. Blood was collected from the goats every fortnightly at the jugular vein. The results revealed an increase in the creatinine content of the animals fed diets B and E compared to other diets. The urea content of the blood followed similar trend. Contrarily, the red blood cell was higher in control diet A and diet D. The packed cell volume ranged between 20 and 29%. Neutrophyl was significantly higher in diets B, C and D compared to diets A and E which are similar (p > 0.05). The positive presentations show that the fungi treated J. curcas kernel cake could have reduced most of the anti-nutrients, revealing that the biological processing of the cake is very promising. Key words: Aspergillus niger, Trichoderma longibrachitum, Jatropha curcas kernel cake, blood parameters.
Estimates of heterosis and association of genetic distance with heterosis in durum wheat under different moisture regimes

The objectives of the present study were to evaluate heterosis for grain yield and yield components in durum wheat, and to assess the prediction potential of amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) based and agronomic trait based genetic distances (GD and MD, respectively) to F1 performance, mid parent heterosis (MPH), and specific combining ability effects (SCA) under well-watered and moisture stress conditions. Six parental genotypes with different responses to moisture stress and their 15 F1 crosses were evaluated for their responses to moisture stress conditions in a glasshouse. Some cross combinations showed significant MPH for grain yield and yield components. The expression of heterosis for grain yield was greater under moisture stress conditions than under well-watered conditions. Cluster analysis of the parental lines based on agronomic performance under stress conditions was similar to cluster analysis result based on AFLP marker profiles. F1 performance was strongly correlated to both SCA effects and MPH under both stress and well water conditions. The correlation between SCA and MPH was very high under both treatment conditions for all traits. Correlation between GD and MD was significant only under stress conditions. Positive correlation was found only for the association between GD v. F1 performance and GD v. SCA effects for harvest index (HI) under well-watered conditions. None of the correlations between MD and SCA effects were significant. The absence of association between GD and heterosis for yield and most agronomic traits implied that heterozygosity per se diversity is not a good predictor of heterosis or F1 performance under both well-watered and stressed conditions.
PENGARUH METODE PELATIHAN CIRCUIT TRAINING TERHADAP KONDISI FISIK ATLET PENCAK SILAT UNIT KEGIATAN OLAHRAGA UNIVERSITAS MEGAREZKY

Tujuan dalam penelitian ini adalah untuk meningkatkan rendahnya kondisi fisik yang dimiliki oleh atlet Pencak Silat Unit Kegiatan Olahraga Universitas Megarezky. Penelitian ini termasuk penelitian eksperimen yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh latihan circuit training terhadap kondisi fisik atlet Pencak Silat Unit Kegiatan Olahraga Universitas Megarezky. Subjek penelitian adalah seluruh atlet Pencak Silat Unit Kegiatan Olahraga Universitas Megarezky yang masih aktif berlatih sebanyak 29 orang. Data dikumpul dari 29 orang subjek penelitian melalui pengukuran kondisi fisik atlet. Data dianalisis dengan menggunakan rumus uji beda (uji t) dependent sampel . Berdasarkan analisa data dapat disimpulkan bahwa tidak terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan oleh latihan circuit training terhadap peningkatan kemampuan kondisi fisik atlet pencak silat UKM Olahraga Universitas Megarezky. Akhirnya diharapkan penelitian ini bisa berkontribusi dan berguna bagi pengembangan ilmu pengetahuan khususnya dalam bidang olahraga prestasi.
Distribution and population structure of the pelagic stingray, Pteroplatytrygon violacea (Dasyatidae), in the south-western Atlantic

The present study analyses the spatial and temporal distribution of the pelagic stingray (Pteroplatytrygon violacea) in the south-western Atlantic Ocean, based on data collected between April 1998 and March 2006 by the National Observers Program of the Uruguayan Tuna Fleet. During this period, data were recorded on 51 commercial fishing trips, in which a total of 2 306 851 hooks were set and 2740 stingrays captured. Of these, the sex was determined for 1329 individuals and the size for 944. The average disc width was 47 ± 8 cm (range: 24-82 cm) for females and 44 ± 5 cm (range: 28-84 cm) for males. The results indicate that the species seems to prefer warm temperate and tropical waters. There were no capture records in waters at <15.3 ◦ C. The data collected suggest a mating season in late spring with a gestation period of 2 to 4 months and births occurring during late summer and early autumn. The increasing bycatch of this ovoviviparous species in pelagic longline fisheries, with an unknown survival rate after discard, coupled to its low reproductive potential, call for better monitoring in order to accurately determine its current conservation status.
OXIDATIVE STABILITY OF FROZEN LIGHT AND DARK MUSCLES OF SAITHE (POLLACHIUS VIRENS L.)

Saithe, a lean gadoid fish, was processed and stored at −10C, −20C and −30C as normal skinless fillets and as deep-skinned fillets. Properties related to lipid oxidation in the dark and light muscle tissues and in the two types of fillets were investigated after 6 to 9 months of storage. The lipid content and fatty acid profiles indicated the presence of relatively large amounts of triacylglycerols in the dark muscle. Prolonged storage at −10C and −20C resulted in a decrease in the content of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) in the dark muscle tissue. At the highest temperature, a reduction in n-3 PUFA is also indicated in the light muscle. Lipid oxidation as measured by 2-thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and reduction in α-tocopherol, was most pronounced in the dark muscle. Evaluation of fillets by sensory analyses and TBARS values demostrated that industrial deep-skinning improves cold storage stability of saithe fillets.
Management of powdery mildew of mustard

Erysiphe cruciferarum incited powdery mildew of mustard ( Brassica juncea) has aggravated during recent years in late sown crop in Uttar Pradesh. Disease occurs between second week of February to first week of March. Eight resistant donors, namely, DIR 621, IJWHJ 001, PCR 10, PCR 9201, RK 8602, RK 8615,RAUD 101 and YSPB 24 alongwith 20 moderately resistant sources, CSTR 610-10-15, DIR 513, DLM 50, NRJ 14, PBR 106, RE 5, RK 9402, RJ 16, RL 91-24, RH 9301, RSK 74, SKM 9328, TM 26, TM 18-8, VMR 1-2, YSBW 871, YSBW 881, NDYS 17, YST 151 and SSK 92-3, have been identified. Three sprays of aquous suspensions of Triadimefon 25 WP (0.1%), Tridemorph 80 EC (0.1%), Dinocap 48 EC (0.075%) and Wettable Sulphur 80 WP ( 0.3%), at 15 day intervals, after disease appearance, controlled the disease effectively and increased seed yields. Triadimefon proved most effective and Wettable Sulphur most economical.
Geographical and seasonal variation of harbour porpoise (Phocoena phocoena) presence in the German Baltic Sea revealed by passive acoustic monitoring

The harbour porpoise is the only resident cetacean species in the German Baltic Sea. Within the last several decades this harbour porpoise stock declined drastically, causing deep concern about its status. Plans of the German government for proposing Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) to implement Natura 2000 and for assessing the impact of offshore windmill constructions on the marine environment led to an increased research effort on the harbour porpoise in German waters. For the first time, long-term passive acoustic monitoring has been conducted in the German Baltic Sea from the Kiel Bight to the Pomeranian Bay from August 2002 to December 2005. Porpoise detectors (T-PODs) have been installed five to seven metres below the water surface at up to 42 measuring positions throughout the investigated area, registering the exact times of echolocation signals of passing harbour porpoises. The proportion of monitored days with porpoise detection in each quarter of the years has been analysed. A correlation of the results with the longitude of the measuring position revealed a significant decrease from west to east in the percentage of days with porpoise detections. Comparison of data gathered in the first quarters with the third quarters of the monitoring years displayed a seasonal variation with fewer days of porpoise detections in winter time than in summer time. Nevertheless, harbour porpoises have been detected year-round at most of the measuring positions in the German Baltic Sea. The present study clearly indicates a regular use of the German Baltic Sea by harbour porpoises with a geographical and seasonal variation in the usage of the German Baltic Sea. The larger numbers of harbour porpoise detections in spring to autumn compared with winter suggests that the German Baltic Sea is an important breeding and mating area for these animals.