Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface Aided Power Control for Physical-Layer Broadcasting

Reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS), a recently introduced technology for future wireless communication systems, enhances the spectral and energy efficiency by intelligently adjusting the propagation conditions between base stations (BSs) and mobile equipments (MEs). An RIS consists of many low-cost passive reflecting elements that are optimized to improve the quality of the received signal. In this paper, we study the problem of power control at the BS and RIS optimization for application to physical-layer broadcasting. Our goal is to minimize the transmit power at the BS by jointly designing the transmit beamforming at the BS and the phase shifts of the passive elements at the RIS. Furthermore, to help validate the proposed optimization methods, we derive lower bounds to quantify the average transmit power at the BS as a function of the number of MEs, the number of RIS elements, and the number of antennas at the BS. The simulation results demonstrate that the average transmit power at the BS is close to the lower bound in an RIS-aided system, and is significantly lower than the average transmit power in conventional schemes without an RIS.
The Hi-GAL catalogue of dusty filamentary structures in the Galactic plane

The recent data collected by Herschel have confirmed that interstellar structures with a filamentary shape are ubiquitously present in the Milky Way. Filaments are thought to be formed by several physical mechanisms acting from large Galactic scales down to subparsec fractions of molecular clouds, and they might represent a possible link between star formation and the large-scale structure of the Galaxy. In order to study this potential link, a statistically significant sample of filaments spread throughout the Galaxy is required. In this work, we present the first catalogue of 32 059 candidate filaments automatically identified in the Herschel Infrared Galactic plane Survey (Hi-GAL) of the entire Galactic plane. For these objects, we determined morphological (length la and geometrical shape) and physical (average column density $N_{\rm H_{2}}$ and average temperature T) properties. We identified filaments with a wide range of properties: 2 ≤ la ≤ 100 arcmin, $10^{20} \le N_{\rm H_{2}} \le 10^{23}$ cm−2 and 10 ≤ T ≤ 35 K. We discuss their association with the Hi-GAL compact sources, finding that the most tenuous (and stable) structures do not host any major condensation. We also assign a distance to ∼18 400 filaments, for which we determine mass, physical size, stability conditions and Galactic distribution. When compared with the spiral arms structure, we find no significant difference between the physical properties of on-arm and inter-arm filaments. We compare our sample with previous studies, finding that our Hi-GAL filament catalogue represents a significant extension in terms of Galactic coverage and sensitivity. This catalogue represents a unique and important tool for future studies devoted to understanding the filament life-cycle.
Bidirectional Scene Text Recognition with a Single Decoder

Scene Text Recognition (STR) is the problem of recognizing the correct word or character sequence in a cropped word image. To obtain more robust output sequences, the notion of bidirectional STR has been introduced. So far, bidirectional STRs have been implemented by using two separate decoders; one for left-to-right decoding and one for right-to-left. Having two separate decoders for almost the same task with the same output space is undesirable from a computational and optimization point of view. We introduce the bidirectional Scene Text Transformer (Bi-STET), a novel bidirectional STR method with a single decoder for bidirectional text decoding. With its single decoder, Bi-STET outperforms methods that apply bidirectional decoding by using two separate decoders while also being more efficient than those methods, Furthermore, we achieve or beat state-of-the-art (SOTA) methods on all STR benchmarks with Bi-STET. Finally, we provide analyses and insights into the performance of Bi-STET.
The Colors and Sizes of Recently Quenched Galaxies: A Result of Compact Starburst before Quenching

We analyze the colors and sizes of 32 quiescent (UVJ-selected) galaxies with strong Balmer absorption (EW(Hδ) ≥ 4 Å) at z ∼ 0.8 drawn from DR2 of the LEGA-C survey to test the hypothesis that these galaxies experienced compact, central starbursts before quenching. These recently quenched galaxies, usually referred to as post-starburst galaxies, span a wide range of colors, and we find a clear correlation between color and half-light radius, such that bluer galaxies are smaller. We build simple toy models to explain this correlation: a normal star-forming disk plus a central, compact starburst component. Bursts with exponential decay timescale of ∼100 Myr that produce ∼10% to more than 100% of the preexisting masses can reproduce the observed correlation. More significant bursts also produce bluer and smaller descendants. Our findings imply that when galaxies shut down star formation rapidly, they generally had experienced compact, starburst events and that the large, observed spread in sizes and colors mostly reflects a variety of burst strengths. Recently quenched galaxies should have younger stellar ages in the centers; multiwavelength data with high spatial resolution are required to reveal the age gradient. Highly dissipative processes should be responsible for this type of formation history. While determining the mechanisms for individual galaxies is challenging, some recently quenched galaxies show signs of gravitational interactions, suggesting that mergers are likely an important mechanism in triggering the rapid shutdown of star formation activities at z ∼ 0.8.
Evaluation of fatigue in head and neck cancer patients undergoing (intensity modulated radiation therapy) radiotherapy: A prospective study

Abstract Introduction: Fatigue is a common symptom in cancer patients and persists after the completion of cancer-directed treatment. We attempted to study temporal variation in fatigue levels in head and neck cancer (HNC) patients when they were treated by radiotherapy (RT) using intensity modulated radiation therapy techniques. Materials and Methods: Histologically proven HNC patients (AJCC stage II and III with Karnofsky performance status [KPS] ≥80) receiving RT between August 2009 and October 2011 were included. Fatigue was assessed before, during and at 3, 6, and 12 months following RT and compared with age-matched healthy controls by using EORTC QOLQ C30 (using question number 10, 12, and 18). Results: Twenty-six patients were evaluated, whose baseline average fatigue score was 22.4, which was significantly higher as compared to controls (average fatigue score = 12.8; P = 0.04). During RT, average fatigue score increased to 30 by 3 weeks (P = 0.02) and rising to 33.2 (P = 0.029) towards the end of RT. Three months following RT, average fatigue score decreased to 22.8 and remained between 23 and 20 at 6 and 12 months respectively. Significant higher fatigue scores were observed in patients with advanced stage (P = 0.000). Lower KPS score did not show significantly higher fatigue scores (P = 0.5). Conclusion: Our study shows that HNC patients suffer greater fatigue than age-matched healthy individuals which is further aggravated by RT. It gradually comes back to the pretreatment level by 3 months following treatment, but does not reach to a normal healthy level even at 12 months following treatment.
The Effects of Copayments on Health Services Utilization in the Type I Medicaid Beneficiaries

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of copayments for doctor visits and prescription drugs on health services utilization in the Type I Medicaid beneficiaries in Korea. Method: This study examined data from the 2007 survey on Health Services Use and Health Status of Medicaid Beneficiaries performed by the Ministry for Health Welfare and Family Affairs. To analyze these sample survey data, the SURVEYFREQ, SURVEYMEANS, and SURVEYREG procedures which incorporate the sample design into the analyses were used. Results: Findings of this study indicate that copayments for doctor visits and prescription drugs of Medicaid Type I beneficiaries have cut overall medical costs. However, although results should be interpreted very carefully because of the relatively low , copayments have cut more health services utilization of people who need more health services because of their complex diseases and disability. In addition, besides copayment, several factors are affecting differences in health services utilization before and after copayments implementation. Conclusion: These results highlight the need to examine the effects of copayments more thoroughly according to the kinds of disease, the severity of disease, and the level of copayment.
Learning a Neural 3D Texture Space From 2D Exemplars

We suggest a generative model of 2D and 3D natural textures with diversity, visual fidelity and at high computational efficiency. This is enabled by a family of methods that extend ideas from classic stochastic procedural texturing (Perlin noise) to learned, deep, non-linearities. Our model encodes all exemplars from a diverse set of textures without a need to be re-trained for each exemplar. Applications include texture interpolation, and learning 3D textures from 2D exemplars.
KMT-2019-BLG-0842Lb: A Cold Planet below the Uranus/Sun Mass Ratio

We report the discovery of a cold planet with a very low planet/host mass ratio of q = (4.09 ± 0.27) × 10−5, which is similar to the ratio of Uranus/Sun (q = 4.37 × 10−5) in the solar system. The Bayesian estimates for the host mass, planet mass, system distance, and planet–host projected separation are M host = 0.76 ± 0.40M ⊙, M planet = 10.3 ± 5.5M ⊕, D L = 3.3 ± 1.3 kpc, and a ⊥ = 3.3 ± 1.4 au, respectively. The consistency of the color and brightness expected from the estimated lens mass and distance with those of the blend suggests the possibility that the most blended light comes from the planet host, and this hypothesis can be established if high-resolution images are taken during the next (2020) bulge season. We discuss the importance of conducting optimized photometry and aggressive follow-up observations for moderately or very high magnification events to maximize the detection rate of planets with very low mass ratios.
Can polylogarithms at algebraic points be linearly independent?

Let $r,m$ be positive integers. Let $0\le x <1$ be a rational number. Let $\Phi_s(x,z)$ be the $s$-th Lerch function $\sum_{k=0}^{\infty}\tfrac{z^{k+1}}{(k+x+1)^s}$ with $s=1,2,\ldots ,r$. When $x=0$, this is the polylogarithmic function. Let $\alpha_1,\ldots ,\alpha_m$ be pairwise distinct algebraic numbers with $0<|\alpha_j|<1$ $(1 \le j \le m)$. In this article, we state a linear independence criterion over algebraic number fields of all the $rm+1$ numbers $:$ $\Phi_1(x,\alpha_1),\Phi_2(x,\alpha_1),\ldots, \Phi_r(x,\alpha_1),\Phi_1(x,\alpha_2),\Phi_2(x,\alpha_2),\ldots, \Phi_r(x,\alpha_2),\ldots,\Phi_1(x,\alpha_m),\Phi_2(x,\alpha_m),\ldots, \Phi_r(x,\alpha_m)$ and $1$. This is the first result that gives a sufficient condition for the linear independence of values of the $r$ Lerch functions $\Phi_1(x,z),\Phi_2(x,z),\ldots, \Phi_r(x,z)$ at $m$ distinct algebraic points without any assumption for $r$ and $m$, even for the case $x=0$, the polylogarithms. We give an outline of our proof and explain basic idea.
Inertias of Laplacian matrices of weighted signed graphs

Abstract We study the sets of inertias achieved by Laplacian matrices of weighted signed graphs. First we characterize signed graphs with a unique Laplacian inertia. Then we show that there is a sufficiently small perturbation of the nonzero weights on the edges of any connected weighted signed graph so that all eigenvalues of its Laplacian matrix are simple. Next, we give upper bounds on the number of possible Laplacian inertias for signed graphs with a fixed flexibility τ (a combinatorial parameter of signed graphs), and show that these bounds are sharp for an infinite family of signed graphs. Finally, we provide upper bounds for the number of possible Laplacian inertias of signed graphs in terms of the number of vertices.
Joint Transmit Beamforming for Multiuser MIMO Communications and MIMO Radar

Future wireless communication systems are expected to explore spectral bands typically used by radar systems, in order to overcome spectrum congestion of traditional communication bands. Since in many applications radar and communication share the same platform, spectrum sharing can be facilitated by joint design as a dual-function radar-communications system. In this paper, we propose a joint transmit beamforming model for a dual-function multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) radar and multiuser MIMO communication transmitter. The proposed dual-function system transmits the weighted sum of independent radar waveforms and communication symbols, forming multiple beams towards the radar targets and the communication receivers, respectively. The design of the weighting coefficients is formulated as an optimization problem whose objective is the performance of the MIMO radar transmit beamforming, while guaranteeing that the signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) at each communication user is higher than a given threshold. Despite the non-convexity of the proposed optimization problem, we prove that it can be relaxed into a convex one, where the relaxation is tight. We then propose a reduced complexity design based on zero-forcing the inter-user interference and radar interference. Unlike previous works, which focused on the transmission of communication symbols to synthesize a radar transmit beam pattern, our method provides more degrees of freedom for MIMO radar and is thus able to obtain improved radar performance, as demonstrated in our simulation study. Furthermore, the proposed dual-function scheme approaches the radar performance of the radar-only scheme, i.e., without spectrum sharing, under reasonable communication quality constraints.
Control Under Action-Dependent Markov Packet Drops: An Event-Triggered Approach

In this paper, we consider the problem of second moment stabilization of a scalar linear plant with process noise. We assume that the sensor and the controller are not collocated and must communicate over an unreliable channel, whose state evolves according to a Markov chain, with the transition matrix on a timestep depending on whether there is a transmission or not on that timestep. Under such a setting, we propose an event-triggered transmission policy which meets the objective of exponential convergence of the second moment of the plant state to an ultimate bound. Furthermore, we also provide upper bounds on the transmission fraction of the proposed policy. The guarantees on performance and transmission fraction are verified using simulations.
cGANs with Multi-Hinge Loss

We propose a new algorithm to incorporate class conditional information into the discriminator of GANs via a multi-class generalization of the commonly used Hinge loss. Our approach is in contrast to most GAN frameworks in that we train a single classifier for K+1 classes with one loss function, instead of a real/fake discriminator, or a discriminator classifier pair. We show that learning a single good classifier and a single state of the art generator simultaneously is possible in supervised and semi-supervised settings. With our multi-hinge loss modification we were able to improve the state of the art CIFAR10 IS & FID to 9.58 & 6.40, CIFAR100 IS & FID to 14.36 & 13.32, and STL10 IS & FID to 12.16 & 17.44. The code written with PyTorch is available at this https URL.
PhD Thesis: Electronic correlations in multiorbital systems

The role of electronic correlations in Condensed Matter is at the heart of various important systems, like magnetic materials, superconductors, topological materials, optical lattices, etc. Electronic correlations are those which change the motion of individual electrons when considering the interaction with other electrons in the material. Among the available systems to study electronic correlation effects, in this thesis I focus on unconventional superconductors, specifically in high-$T_c$ iron-based superconductors, and on two-dimensional materials, like the recent magic-angle twisted bilayer graphene or the itinerant ferromagnet $Fe_3GeTe_2$. In the introduction, I explained in detail the importance of electronic correlations, and how their strength can be modeled by the quasiparticle weight $Z$. I briefly reviewed the most important aspects of the Fermi Liquid Theory. Chapter 2 is devoted to explain in detail the role of electronic correlations in multiorbital systems, with a special attention to the role played by the Hund's coupling $J_H$. Chapters 3 to 6 describe the calculations done in various real systems. During this thesis, I used a combination of ab-initio and modelling, plus slave-spin many-body approaches to study the effect of the Hubbard interaction $U$ and the Hund's coupling $J_H$ in various real systems. A detailed description of the techniques can be found in the appendixes.
Optimism in Reinforcement Learning with Generalized Linear Function Approximation

We design a new provably efficient algorithm for episodic reinforcement learning with generalized linear function approximation. We analyze the algorithm under a new expressivity assumption that we call "optimistic closure," which is strictly weaker than assumptions from prior analyses for the linear setting. With optimistic closure, we prove that our algorithm enjoys a regret bound of $\tilde{O}(\sqrt{d^3 T})$ where $d$ is the dimensionality of the state-action features and $T$ is the number of episodes. This is the first statistically and computationally efficient algorithm for reinforcement learning with generalized linear functions.
A Flipped Classroom Approach to Teaching Empirical Software Engineering

Contribution: A flipped classroom approach to teaching empirical software engineering increases student learning by providing more time for active learning in class. Background: There is a need for longitudinal studies of the flipped classroom approach in general. Although a few cross-sectional studies show that a flipped classroom approach can increase student learning by providing more time for other in-class activities, such as active learning, such studies are also rare in the context of teaching software engineering. Intended Outcomes: To assess the usefulness of a flipped classroom approach in teaching software engineering. Application Design: The study was conducted at an international master’s program in Sweden, given in English, and partially replicated at a university in Africa. Findings: The results suggest that students’ academic success, as measured by their exam grades, can be improved by introducing a flipped classroom to teach software engineering topics, but this may not extend to their subjective liking of the material, as measured by student evaluations. Furthermore, the effect of the change in the teaching methodology was not replicated when changing the teaching team.
Relative Entropy and Catalytic Relative Majorization

Given two pairs of quantum states, a fundamental question in the resource theory of asymmetric distinguishability is to determine whether there exists a quantum channel converting one pair to the other. In this work, we reframe this question in such a way that a catalyst can be used to help perform the transformation, with the only constraint on the catalyst being that its reduced state is returned unchanged, so that it can be used again to assist a future transformation. What we find here, for the special case in which the states in a given pair are commuting, and thus quasi-classical, is that this catalytic transformation can be performed if and only if the relative entropy of one pair of states is larger than that of the other pair. This result endows the relative entropy with a fundamental operational meaning that goes beyond its traditional interpretation in the setting of independent and identical resources. Our finding thus has an immediate application and interpretation in the resource theory of asymmetric distinguishability, and we expect it to find application in other domains.
On the black holes in external electromagnetic fields

This preprint mainly reflects the new chapter we are prepearing for the second edition of our book "Gravitational Solitons" (V. Belinski and E. Verdaguer). However, here it is written in the form of more or less self-consistent paper dedicated to the mathematical theory of black holes immersed in the external electromagnetic field. The purpose of this development is to describe the procedure by which one can construct a number of axially symmetric black holes or naked singularities arranged along the symmetry axis and immersed in an (also axially symmetric) external electromagnetic field.
Evidence for changing-look AGNs is caused by change of accretion mode

The discovery of changing-look active galactic nuclei (CL AGNs), with appearance and disappearance of broad emission lines and/or with strong variation of line-of-sight column density within a few years, challenges the AGN unification model. We explore the physical mechanisms based on the X-ray spectral evolution for a sample of 15 CL AGNs. We find that the X-ray photon index, $\Gamma$, and Eddington-scaled X-ray luminosity, $L_{\rm 2-10 keV}/L_{\rm Edd}$, follow negative and positive correlations when $L_{\rm 2-10 keV}/L_{\rm Edd}$ is lower and higher than a critical value of $\sim 10^{-3}$. This different X-ray spectral evolution is roughly consistent with the prediction of the accretion-mode transition (e.g., clumpy cold gas or cold disk to advection dominated accretion flow, or vice visa). With quasi-simultaneous X-ray and optical spectrum observations within one year, we find that the CL AGNs observed with and without broad emission lines stay in the positive and negative part of the $\Gamma-L_{\rm 2-10 keV}/L_{\rm Edd}$ correlation respectively. Our result suggest that the change of the accretion mode may be the physical reason for the CL AGNs.
Ramsey theory and the Borel
 conjecture

The Borel covering property, introduced a century ago by E. Borel, is intimately connected with Ramsey theory, initiated ninety years ago in an influential paper of F.P. Ramsey. The current state of knowledge about the connection between the Borel covering property and Ramsey theory is outlined in this paper. Initially the connection is established for the situation when the set with the Borel covering property is a proper subset of a $\sigma$-compact uniform space. Then the connection is explored for a stronger covering property introduced by Rothberger. After establishing the fact that in this case several landmark Ramseyan theorems are characteristic of this stronger covering property, the case when the space with this stronger covering property is in fact $\sigma$-compact is explored.