Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Scalability comparison between 50 and 500 liter stirred tank bioreactor for production of rAAV viral vector

Viral vectors are a new class of biologics which facilitate gene transfer and modification in living cells, potentially treating a multitude of conditions with genetic causes. Scalable manufacturing technologies are critical to ensuring these cutting-edge medicines can be produced in sufficient quantities to meet the needs of process development, clinical trials, and ultimately commercial manufacturing [1] . As viral vector-based products have only rel-atively recently received regulatory approval, public information on scalable optimization of these processes is very limited. Abeona Therapeutics is a gene therapy company developing novel gene replacement therapies for rare inherited diseases. These conditions can impact development and limit both quality of life and/or life expectancy [2] . These transforma-tive medicines can be used to replace a defective gene with a functional copy, silence a defective gene or even directly edit genes [3,4] . We evaluated the Pall Allegro™ STR bioreactor family as an rAAV vector production platform and evaluated the scalability of the PEI-mediated transfection manufacturing process for rAAV at the 50 L and 500 L working volume. Process scalability was evaluated based on cell growth, metabolic profile, and vector production. This testing demonstrates that control of key process parameters enables a scalable vector production process between the 50 L and 500 L scale using Allegro STR single use bioreactors.
The relationship between internationalisation and firm performance in the global automotive industry: who benefits? Who not?

This article explores the effect of internationalisation on automakers financial performance. Data on 42 automakers from 13 countries, over the 2002-2008 time period, shows that the relationship between internationalisation and automakers performance is non-linear, with the slope positive at low levels of internationalisation, negative at moderate levels of internationalisation, and positive at high levels of internationalisation. Based on these findings, implications and directions for future research are provided.
Power of the Line: Shared-Use Path Conflict Reduction

Painting a yellow center line at blind curves on a busy multiuser path (bicyclists, pedestrians, in-line skaters, runners) decreased the percentage of people who “went the wrong way” on the path, in a before-and-after study whose sample size was 2,147. A busy 3.6-m (12-ft) paved recreational and commuting path in Philadelphia circles the Schuylkill River for 13.5 km (8.4 mi). There are numerous blind curves caused by hedges, rock outcrops, and bridge piers. Many people were traveling on the wrong side around sharp blind curves. Counts were taken and video-tapes made in order to determine the percentage of bicyclists, pedestrians, in-line skaters, and runners on the proper side, on the wrong side, and passing on the wrong side. Then a solid-yellow center line and directional arrows were neatly spray painted at the blind curves, and after counts were taken. The percentage of wrong-side travel fell from 35 percent to 15 percent, a 57 percent reduction. White lines and arrows were placed at driveways and road crossings. The white lines reduced wrongway travel from 30 percent to 10 percent, a reduction of 66 percent. Painted center lines kept people on the proper side and reduced the likelihood of conflicts and crashes. Paint is easy, fast, and inexpensive, and creates no physical obstacle; it is hard to damage and it works without education of the public.
The Influence of the Cutting Speed and Feed Rate on the Machinability Ratings in Machining of AISI 1045 Carbon Steel and AlSI1MgMn Aluminium Alloy

The research presented in this paper refers to the study of the influence of feed and cutting speed on the cutting forces, temperatures and chips formation in turning of AISI 1045 carbon steel and AlSi1MgMN aluminium alloy. This work presents both finite element simulation and experimental tests. Parameters have been considered variable in the process are cutting speed and feed, and depth of cut and tool geometrical parameters were kept constant. The purpose of the experimental procedure it was the acquisition data for cutting forces and temperatures by on-line monitoring, with KISTLER dynamometer for cutting forces and Flyr System ThermaCAM SC640 termography camera for temperatures. Both results obtained by finite element simulation and experimental tests show that the feed increasing lead to increased cutting forces and temperatures. Also, are presented the type of the chip obtained in orthogonal cutting of the two materials.
A modified framework for modelling set-up carryover in the capacitated lotsizing problem

In this note, a modified framework to model set-up carryovers in the capacitated lotsizing problem is presented. The proposed framework allows product dependent set-up times and costs to be incorporated. This is an extension of an earlier published work on modelling set-up carryovers for the constant set-up time scenario. An example to illustrate the modified framework is also provided.
Technique for contingency monitoring and voltage collapse prediction

Investigation and online monitoring of power system stability have become vital factors to electric utility suppliers. At present power system utilities operate very close to the limit of system stability owing to an increasing number of new economic and environmental restrictions. Researchers have been trying to find out the most effective way for online system status monitoring, so that necessary precautions can be taken prior to voltage collapse. Several methods have been proposed for analysing voltage collapse phenomena. An effective method for online system status monitoring and thus voltage collapse prediction is described. The basic methodology implied in this technique is the investigation of each line of the system through calculating line stability indices. The proposed method was tested on the IEEE 24-bus reliability test system and has been found to be accurate and precise in voltage collapse prediction. A comparative study with other methods has also been carried out indicating that the proposed method has some advantages over the others.
Aeroelastic properties of backward swept blades

It is investigated how the nonlinear geometric coupling between torsion and flapwise bending of backward swept blades affects their static and dynamic aeroelastic properties. A geometrically nonlinear co-rotational finite beam element formulation coupled with the Blade Element Momentum method is used to compute the steady state blade deflection and aerodynamic power and thrust (assuming uniform wind and neglecting tower shadow and gravity effects) of a blade with different backward sweep shapes. A linearization of this aeroelastic model with the addition of an unsteady aerodynamic model is used to compute frequencies, damping and mode shapes of the aeroelastic blade modes from eigenvalue analysis, and to compute the transfer function from mean wind speed variations to variations in the blade root bending moments. Using the blade of the 5 MW NREL reference turbine as a baseline, it is shown that the backward sweep creates torsion towards feathering for downwind flapwise defl ection in thefirst flapwise bending mode. This torsional component is shown to cause the frequency of the first aeroelastic flapwise bending mode to increase compared to the frequency of the corresponding structural mode, and this increase becomes larger for larger sweep. The frequency response of the flapwise blade root moment from wind excitation is shown to decrease below the increased first flapwise frequency which explains the reduced flapwise loads found in previous studies of backward swept blades. Computations of the classical flutter speed show that it decreases with the backward sweep.
Current state-of-the-art and future prospects for power semiconductor devices in power transmission and distribution applications

Since the first commercially viable thyristors appeared in the early 1960s, there has been a dramatic increase in the switched power ratings and versatility of high-voltage power semiconductor devices. By the mid 1970s, thyristors with switched power ratings of several MVA were being applied in high voltage dc transmission systems and static VAr compensators. The introduction, in the 1980s, of controlled turn-off devices, such as the gate turn-off thyristor (GTO) and insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT), broadened the application of high-voltage power devices to hard-switched converters and, by the start of the 21st century, controllable silicon power devices were available with voltage ratings of 12 kV and switched power capabilities of up to 40 MVA. A review of the current state-of-the-art in silicon high-voltage power semiconductor technology covers gate-commutated thyristors (GCT, IGCT) and IGBT devices, including the injection-enhanced IGBT or IEGT. Despite these considerable achievements, there is now mounting evidence that silicon-based power semiconductors are reaching their limit, both in terms of voltage rating and of switched power capability. The introduction of wide-band-gap semiconductor materials such as silicon carbide offers the potential to break through the voltage-switching frequency limitations of silicon, with power-switching frequency products more than two orders of magnitude higher. An analysis of the current status and future prospects for silicon carbide power electronic devices is presented, together with a case study comparing a variety of silicon and silicon carbide solutions in a 10 kV hard-switched converter application. It is shown that an all-silicon carbide switch offers the best electrical performance and lowest cost solution, in spite of higher per unit area device costs.
High-resolution ac-pulse modulated electrohydrodynamic jet printing on highly insulating substrates

This paper presents a new high-resolution ac-pulse modulated electrohydrodynamic (EHD)-jet printing technology on highly insulating substrates for drop-on-demand fabrication of electrical features and interconnects using silver nanoink. In traditional EHD-jet printing, the remained charge of the printed droplets changes the electrostatic field distribution and interrupts the follow-on printing behavior, especially for highly insulating substrates which have slow charge decay rates. The residue charge makes the control of EHD-jet printing very challenging for high-resolution continuous features. In this paper, by using modulated ac-pulsed voltage, the EHD-jet printing process switches the charge polarity of the consequent droplets to neutralize the charge on the substrate. The effect of the residue charge is minimized, which enables high-resolution printing of continuous patterns. Moreover, by modulating the pulse frequency, voltage, and duration, the EHD-jet printing behavior can be controlled with respect to printing speed/frequency and droplet size. Printing frequency is directly controlled by the pulse frequency, and the droplet dimension is controlled by the voltage and the duration of the pulse. We demonstrated that ac-pulse modulated EHD-jet printing can overcome the long-predicated charge accumulation problem on highly insulating substrates, and potentially be applied to many flexible electronics applications.
Long-Run Purchasing Power Parity and Structural Change: The Official and Parallel Foreign Exchange Markets For Dollars In Greece

This paper examines the Purchasing Power Parity theory from a long-run perspective in the presence of a parallel or 'black' market for US dollars in Greece using monthly data for the recent float. Johansen's FIML multivariate cointegration techniques is applied. Recent development associated with this procedure are considered. First, a formal test developed by Paruolo (1996) for the presence of I(2) and I(1) components in a ultivariate context is applied along with the estimation of the roots of the companion matrix for the correct determination of the cointegration rank. Second, given that two significant cointegration vectors were found, structural restrictions identifying the long-run relations of interest are specified as proposed by Johansen and Juselius (1994) and Johansen (1995b). Thus, the joint structure of PPP and long-run informational market efficiency could not be rejected. Furthermore, estimation of the error correction terms shows that the black market rate adjusts to eliminate any deviation from long-run PPP. Finally, stability tests proposed by Hansen and Johansen (1993) are applied and it is shown that the dimension of the cointegration space is simple dependent while the estimated coefficients do not exhibit instability in recursive estimations. [F31 F33]
Reduction of cogging force in PM linear motors by pole-shifting

A technique is described to reduce cogging force in permanent-magnet linear motors due to the interaction between the permanent magnets (PMs) and the stator teeth. It consists of a proper shift of the PMs so that this effect is compensated for among the poles of the machine. This technique, generally adopted for surface-mounted PM motors only, is also applied to interior PM motors. The rules to arrange the magnets appropriately are illustrated and the technique is verified by finite-element analysis and some experimental tests.
Quantification of Coarse Aggregate Angularity Based on Image Analysis

Aggregate angularity affects the shear strength properties of asphalt concrete and granular base layers in pavements. It also improves aggregate interlock and load transfer properties of jointed concrete pavements. The development of a quantifiable index based on image analysis to characterize the angularity of coarse aggregate used in pavement layers is described. The new angularity index (AI) was developed as part of the University of Illinois Aggregate Image Analyzer, and the procedure was calibrated for two aggregate samples, rounded gravel and crushed stone, which possess the two extremes of particle angularity. A statistical study demonstrated that the AI computation technique is not only able to distinguish crushed stone from gravel but also is robust enough to give similar AI values regardless of the particle size and orientation. Furthermore, the crushed stone and gravel samples together with a 50–50 blend of the two samples by weight were tested for shear strength under triaxial loading conditions. The AI value computed for these samples could be correlated to the angle of internal friction and thus the shear strength properties of the samples. The AI distributions of representative aggregate samples from Illinois, crushed gravel, limestone, and dolomite, were also computed. The newly developed index has also demonstrated the capability to distinguish between crushed stone and crushed gravel samples. With this AI value as a measure of aggregate angularity, pavement engineers can objectively quantify the influence of aggregate angularity on asphalt concrete, portland cement concrete, and granular mix performance and thereby establish meaningful criteria relating aggregate properties to performance indicators.
Fault impedance estimation algorithm for digital distance relaying

Fault impedance is one of the major parameters that must be estimated accurately in digital distance relaying application. In this paper, a new algorithm is proposed based on symmetrical components theory. The proposed algorithm has computational advantage over previously suggested symmetrical components based algorithms. A procedure for applying shunt fault conditions to the sequence equations to estimate fault impedance of the protected transmission line is discussed. The Alternative Transient Program (ATP) that is available on personal computers was used in evaluating the proposed algorithm. ATP models a power system and simulates many fault conditions on a selected transmission line. Fault data obtained were used in calculating fault impedance using the proposed algorithm. Fault impedance estimates were inserted in relay characteristics to determine suitability of the proposed algorithm for first zone distance protection. Sample results of these studies which show stable fault distance estimates are presented and discussed in the paper. >
Acceptability and Usability of an Ambulatory Health Monitoring System for Use by Military Personnel

OCCUPATIONAL APPLICATIONS A physiological status monitoring system was evaluated for use by soldiers in the field. Two different designs were evaluated, with the design based on previous human factors evaluations proven to be more comfortable and acceptable for use. This study demonstrated that the advanced design of the EQ-02 physiological status monitoring system met dismounted soldier needs. Furthermore, this study validated the use of a usability evaluation in the successful design/advancement of a physiological status monitoring system. TECHNICAL ABSTRACT Background: Previous research has shown that the form factor of a physiological status monitoring system, the Equivital™ EQ-01 (Hidalgo Ltd., Cambridge, UK) had problems associated with comfort and usability of the system for soldiers. Previous data gathered was used to guide improvements in the physiological status monitoring system. Purpose: Assess whether the previous feedback from usability evaluations helped guide improvements in comfort, acceptability, and usability of a physiological status monitoring system for dismounted soldiers. Improvements to the EQ-01 system were incorporated into the next-generation EQ-02 (Hidalgo Ltd., Cambridge, UK) system. Methods: Thirty-nine infantry dismounted soldiers were randomly assigned to wear either an EQ-01 or EQ-02 system while performing standard military field training. They filled out a survey on fit, comfort, irritation to the body, impact on military performance, and acceptability. They then wore the other system and filled out the same survey. Results: The Equivital™ EQ-02 system was superior in terms of fit (51% better in overall fit), ease of donning (10% easier), comfort (45% more comfortable), impact on military performance (45% less impact), impact on the body (17% less impact), and acceptability (32% more acceptable). All these measures are subjective self-report ratings. Conclusions: A human factors engineering approach provided an effective means of guiding improvements and the production of a physiological status monitoring system that dismounted soldiers were more likely to accept and wear.
Parametric resonance for vibration energy harvesting with design techniques to passively reduce the initiation threshold amplitude

A vibration energy harvester designed to access parametric resonance can potentially outperform the conventional direct resonant approach in terms of power output achievable given the same drive acceleration. Although linear damping does not limit the resonant growth of parametric resonance, a damping dependent initiation threshold amplitude exists and limits its onset. Design approaches have been explored in this paper to passively overcome this limitation in order to practically realize and exploit the potential advantages. Two distinct design routes have been explored, namely an intrinsically lower threshold through a pendulum-lever configuration and amplification of base excitation fed into the parametric resonator through a cantilever-initial-spring configuration. Experimental results of the parametric resonant harvesters with these additional enabling designs demonstrated an initiation threshold up to an order of magnitude lower than otherwise, while attaining a much higher power peak than direct resonance.
Interferometry against differential Doppler: performance comparison of two emitter location airborne systems

A comparative random error analysis of two airborne systems that provide the location of a stationary emitter is presented. Both systems utilise only two airborne receivers. In the interferometric system, the separation between the receivers (baseline) is of the order of one wavelength, and the phase measurements yield bearing measurements. In the differential Doppler system, the baseline can extend to the full length of the aircraft, and phase measurements yield accumulated range difference. Both systems employ the Gauss-Newton iterative algorithm to obtain an unbiased, least-squares estimate of the emitter location. Simple analytical expressions are obtained for the random error of both systems when the observation section is centred near the point of closest approach. Results of Monte-Carlo computer simulations are also presented, which confirm the theoretical error expressions.
Performance of Stud Clusters in Precast Bridge Decks

A new design approach to clustered stud shear connection in composite bridges with precast decks is required to accommodate highly concentrated shear force in small area. Shear connection of the prefabricated slab consists of stud connectors, mortar in a shear pocket and reinforcement around the pocket. More general design approach for the shear connection is provided by relative strength between shear strength of shear connectors, bearing strength of mortar in shear pockets, and the shear strength of precast deck. Considering the relatively high strength mortar in the bearing zone of the shear connection this paper deals with structural performance of stud clusters to simplify the connection details. In a shear pocket, closer stud spacing than the current pitch requirement was considered. Push-out tests were conducted to evaluate the ultimate strength according to expected failure modes. The main parameters of the test were stud spacing and confining details. In order to use group arrangement of stud connectors, it is necessary to prevent premature failure of bearing zone by strengthening the shear connection using confining reinforcements. An empirical equation of ultimate shear strength of the shear connection was proposed to consider the effect of stud spacing when the spacing is less than five times stud diameter. Fatigue tests showed that the fatigue endurance of clustered stud connectors with spacing of more than three times stud diameter can be evaluated using current design codes.
Understanding sanitation options in challenging environments

Across South-east Asia many of the poorest communities live on marginal land or over water. Owing to adverse geographic and climatic conditions in these areas, neither conventional nor most well known ‘alternative’ sanitation options are feasible at affordable prices for poor communities or poor governments. A recent study in the region has started to develop a typology of challenging environments for sanitation as a means to: assess the scale of the challenges; understand the specific issues involved in improving sanitation; identify, develop or improve sanitation technologies to cope with different environments; and to disseminate the results in the study countries, regionally and beyond.