Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Influence of Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Green Revolution on Agriculture Production in Case study of Pakistan: Policy Adoption

Anthropogenic actionsamplify the greenhouse gas concentration in the atmosphere since the 19th century which lead to noticeable variation in climate that has a significant influence on different regions across the globe. World-wildly, Pakistan is participatinginsignificantly in greenhouse gas emissions but facing significant effects on several segments of the economy. The green revolution boosts agriculture production and a significant increase in productivity against to before it. The agriculture sector is considered to be lifeline of Pakistan's economy it contributes significantly to the gross domestic product, gives employment opportunitiesto huge number of the working population and provides raw materials to other sectors. A drastic increase in population had led to rising demand for agricultural products in Pakistan and it highlights the importance of agriculture sector in Pakistan. Several current studies had concentrated on greenhouse gas emissions in the agriculture sector in Pakistan but ignored the green revolution aspect. It is a pioneer study which has a central aim to explore the influence of greenhouse gases emission and the green revolution on agriculture production with the help of Cobb Douglas Production Function (CDPF). The current study uses the four decades’time seriesdata usingAuto Regressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) approach with the help of Bound Test run to observe the long and short-run impact of greenhouse gas emissions and green revolution on agriculture sector in Pakistan. Findings revealed that greenhouse gas emissions have a negative while the green revolution has a positive influence on agriculture production in the long and short run. These results have some policy implication,government should spend more budget on research and development related to the agriculture sector and levy high taxes on those sectors which are emitting greenhouse gases and these policies can dramatically boost agriculture production which will boost Pakistan's economy.
Flux pinning enhancement in ferromagnetic and superconducting thin-film multilayers

Flux pinning in high-temperature superconductors such as YBa2Cu3O7−x (YBCO) in the past has been accomplished by pinning the vortex cores. We demonstrate magnetic-domain-induced flux pinning of the magnetic flux of vortices in a ferromagnet-superconductor bilayer consisting of CoPt grown on YBCO, where the ferromagnet has uniaxial perpendicular magnetic anisotropy and a random domain structure. We observe an improvement of the critical current due to magnetic pinning at temperatures close to the transition temperature.
Electron Conduction through Surface States of the Si(111)-( 7×7) Surface

Electronic properties of the $\mathrm{Si}(111)\ensuremath{-}(7\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}7)$ surface are evaluated by scanning tunneling microscopy/spectroscopy (STM/STS) using artificially fabricated insulating trenches. When the surface is surrounded by a closed trench, the effect of the Schottky barrier naturally formed between the surface states and the bulk states is observed by STM. When a half-closed tape-shaped structure surrounded by the trench is fabricated, the current path is dominated by that through surface states. Its conductivity is estimated by measuring the voltage drop along the structure.
Some Acoustic Properties of Marine Fouling

The fouling of transducers by marine organisms imposes a handicap on the use of underwater‐sound equipment, especially in low latitudes. Sensitivity and sound‐emitting power are reduced. In order properly to plan countermeasures, quantitative data on the effect that fouling organisms have on the reflection and absorption of sound have been accumulated by measuring a series of test panels which had been exposed to fouling in Florida waters. The test panels were measured periodically, at a frequency of 24 kc. The extent of absorption caused by fouling can reach a magnitude of 3 decibels per inch of thickness. Distortion of transducer patterns is another effect of the fouling. Antifouling methods are described. The acoustic attenuation of certain antifouling paints are found to be negligible.
Single-ionization-induced dissociation of heteronuclear diatomic molecules in strong fields

In this paper, we introduce a general technique to study dissociation channels of singly ionized heteronuclear diatomic molecules by comparing the branching ratios of these channels induced by a light field either parallel or perpendicular to the molecular axis. The experimental results show that a singly ionized heteronuclear diatomic molecule, if it dissociates, will be strongly influenced by its detailed electronic structure. Our study of single-ionization-induced dissociation demonstrates the fundamental difference between ionization dynamics in strong fields versus weak fields.
Latitudinal structure within Jovian hectometric radiation

Jovian hectometric radio emission (HOM: 300–3000 kHz) has a number of persistent structural features associated with it as observed by the Voyager 1, Voyager 2, Ulysses, and Galileo spacecraft for specific jovigraphic latitudes (−4° to +7.1°) and local times (0.3 to 10.5 hours). Most notable are the presence of HOM emission between 270° and 120° central meridian longitude (CML) and the region of reduced emission intensity (a “gap”) between 120° and 270°. We displayed the Ulysses and Galileo data using time-frequency occurrence probability spectrograms and show that the observed HOM emission features are nearly identical to those observed by the Voyager spacecraft. This implies that the HOM structure is long-lived and fixed in its longitudinal position within the Jovian magnetosphere. HOM structure depends on small changes in the observer's jovigraphic latitude, so the different jovigraphic latitudes of the spacecraft were used to probe the HOM beam structure. Prom this analysis we found that the CML width of the main HOM gap is directly correlated to the latitude of the spacecraft. We conclude that the latitudinal thickness of the HOM beam is about 12°, extending from −5° to +7° magnetic latitude.
Effects of place of articulation and vocalic context on the perception of VOT continua in French and English.

Previous findings indicate that VOT varies in production with place of articulation and with following vowel, though details differ somewhat in French and English. Here, perceptual results are presented involving VOT continua ranging from −80 to +80 ms VOT in 10‐ms steps. Twelve different continua were constructed (three places of articulation by four vowels). Seven English and six French speakers categorized these continua as /b,d,g,p,t,k/ and simultaneously provided ‘‘goodness’’ ratings. Voiced–voiceless crossover boundaries for English speakers showed highly significant main effects and interactions for both factors. Differences among the French speakers were not significant. The ‘‘goodness’’ rating data of the French speakers, however, did show significant effects for place, but none for vowel context. Although vowel effects in this production data are about twice as large in French as in English, French listeners show less evidence of sensitivity to vowel context. Possible reasons for this lack of pa.
Regularities in the Development of Soil Biological Activity and Winter Wheat Productivity under Ecologised Fertiliser Systems

Restoration and optimisation of soil processes is an important task of modern agriculture and one of the reserves for increasing agricultural production. Under the current conditions, this becomes possible with the integrated introduction of ecologised fertiliser systems. The purpose of the study is to investigate the regularities of the development of biological features of grey forest soil, the interdependencies between them, and the productivity of winter wheat in ecologised fertiliser systems. The following methods were used in the study: field, laboratory and analytical, biochemical, mathematical and statistical. Patterns of changes in situ of cellulolytic, proteolytic, and actual dehydrogenase activities of the soil, the carbon content of labile humus, and the number and weight of winter wheat grains per unit area were similar to each other. There was a decrease in cellulolytic activity, the smallest increase in the remaining biological characteristics of the soil under the use of pea straw, compared to the control. The greatest cellulolytic or proteolytic activity occurred in pea straw + N30P45K45 + biostimulator + humus fertiliser or pea straw + N30P45K45 + biostimulator + microbiological fertiliser, respectively, dehydrogenase – in 2, and the content of labile humus – in the first of these 2 variants. The availability of carbon and nitrogen allowed explaining the identified patterns in a relevant way. The positive Pearson correlation coefficients between plant productivity and soil biological activity, labile humus content, and enzymatic activity, and the insignificant partial correlation coefficients between these variables are partly conditioned by multicollinearity and multivariate interdependencies. In the future, the research would provide a deeper understanding of the patterns of development of biological properties of the soil under ecological fertiliser systems. This would help to improve the elements of greening to adjust the ratio of potential and actual fertility to the optimal level. Scientific results can become a basic basis for the development of effective soil-protecting organic and mineral fertiliser systems for economic and industrial structures of various levels of intensity and financial viability
Paving the Way to the Fuel of the Future—Nanostructured Complex Hydrides

Hydrides have emerged as strong candidates for energy storage applications and their study has attracted wide interest in both the academic and industry sectors. With clear advantages due to the solid-state storage of hydrogen, hydrides and in particular complex hydrides have the ability to tackle environmental pollution by offering the alternative of a clean energy source: hydrogen. However, several drawbacks have detracted this material from going mainstream, and some of these shortcomings have been addressed by nanostructuring/nanoconfinement strategies. With the enhancement of thermodynamic and/or kinetic behavior, nanosized complex hydrides (borohydrides and alanates) have recently conquered new estate in the hydrogen storage field. The current review aims to present the most recent results, many of which illustrate the feasibility of using complex hydrides for the generation of molecular hydrogen in conditions suitable for vehicular and stationary applications. Nanostructuring strategies, either in the pristine or nanoconfined state, coupled with a proper catalyst and the choice of host material can potentially yield a robust nanocomposite to reliably produce H2 in a reversible manner. The key element to tackle for current and future research efforts remains the reproducible means to store H2, which will build up towards a viable hydrogen economy goal. The most recent trends and future prospects will be presented herein.
Residual Transceiver Impairments Aware Expectation Propagation Algorithm Receiver for PDMA Systems

Pattern division multiple access (PDMA) is a promising non-orthogonal multiple access technology for the next generation wireless communication systems. In PDMA systems, the inherent residual transceiver impairments introduced by nonideal hardwares incur significant performance degradation. In this paper, we propose a residual-transceiver-impairments-aware (RTIA) expectation propagation algorithm (EPA) receiver to mitigate the detrimental influences of the nonideal hardware imperfections for uplink PDMA systems. The user-specific transmitter distortion powers are considered in the message passing procedure of the EPA detection. The parallel interference cancellation (PIC) scheme is incorporated into the proposed RTIA-EPA receiver to further improve the system performance and reduce the computational complexity. Simulation results illustrate that the proposed RTIA-EPA and RTIA-EPA-PIC receivers achieve significant performance gains over the conventional residual-transceiver-impairments-agnostic counterparts with negligible computational complexity overhead.
Strategic Comrades? Russian and Chinese Media Representations of NATO

Abstract This article analyses perceptions of NATO in Chinese and Russian press narratives. China and Russia are often mentioned together as they share a common (geo)political position towards a perceived hegemonic West. We analysed frames constructing NATO, a key Western military alliance, at the time of the Warsaw summit in 2016 as well as the origins of the frames, stemming from the sources quoted. Both countries frame NATO foremost as an aggressive organisation stuck in Cold War confrontational worldviews while Russia and China are open to dialogue and cooperation. The main narrative that emerges, therefore, centres on the self-proclaimed moral superiority of Russia and China.
DynaPAT: A Dynamic Pattern-Aware Encoding Technique for Robust MLC PCM-Based Deep Neural Networks

As the effectiveness of Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) is rising over time, so is the need for highly scalable and efficient hardware architectures to capitalize this effectiveness in many practical applications. Emerging non-volatile Phase Change Memory (PCM) technology has been found to be a promising candidate for future memory systems due to its better scalability, non-volatility and low leakage/dynamic power consumption, compared to conventional charged-based memories. Additionally, with its cell's wide resistance span, PCM also has the Flash-like Multi-Level Cell (MLC) capability, which has enhanced storage density, providing an opportunity for the deployment of data-intensive applications such as DNNs on resource-constrained edge devices. However, the practical deployment of MLC PCM is hampered by certain reliability challenges, among which, the resistance drift is considered to be a critical concern. In a DNN application, the presence of resistance drift in MLC PCM can cause a severe impact to DNN's accuracy if no drift-error-tolerance technique is utilized. This paper proposes DynaPAT, a low-cost and effective pattern-aware encoding technique to enhance the drift-error-tolerance of MLC PCM-based Deep Neural Networks. DynaPAT has been constructed on the insight into DNN's vulnerability against different data pattern switching. Based on this insight, DynaPAT efficiently maps the most-frequent data pattern in DNN's parameters to the least-drift-prone level of the MLC PCM, thus significantly enhancing the robustness of the system against drift errors. Various experiments on different DNN models and configurations demonstrate the effectiveness of DynaPAT. The experimental results indicate that DynaPAT can achieve up to 500× enhancement in the drift-errors-tolerance capability over the baseline MLC PCM based DNN while requiring only a negligible hardware overhead (below 1% storage overhead). Being orthogonal, DynaPAT can be integrated with existing drifttolerance schemes for even higher gains in reliability.
Estimates of genetic parameters for production and reproduction traits in Murrah buffaloes (Riverine buffalo) in India

Murrah is a predominant milch breed of buffalo in India with superior genetic potential for milk production. Estimation of genetic parameters for production and reproduction traits is prerequisite for making breeding plan and efficient management decisions. This work was undertaken to understand the influence on performance traits by various factors (genetic and non-genetic) along with assessment of genetic parameters in Murrah buffaloes. The genetic parameters were figured using mixed model least-squares analysis. The results revealed that season and period in which animals calved, affects the performance of Murrah breed and may be considered during its evaluation. The heritability estimates for first lactation 305 days/less milk yield (305FLMY), first lactation total milk yield (FLTMY), first Lactation Length (FLL1), Wet average (WA), Herd average (HA), Age at first calving (AFC1) and Age at first service (AFS1) were 0.39±0.10, 0.29±0.09, 0.14±0.09, 0.29±0.09, 0.3±0.11, 0.27±0.09 and 0.22±0.09, respectively. The phenotypic and genetic correlation amid 305FLMY and majority of another production trait were positive and significant. Thus, it may be concluded that appropriate estimation of genetic parameters leads to robust selection for performance traits for genetic improvement in Murrah buffalo.
Management of Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder: A Scoping Review

Abstract Premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) and premenstrual syndrome (PMS) refer to physical, cognitive, or affective symptoms that arise in the late luteal phase and remit with menses. The present work is a clinically focused scoping review of the last twenty years of research on treatment for these disorders. A search of key terms using the PubMed/Medline, the Cochrane Library, Embase, and Web of Science databases was performed, and 194 studies of adult women met initial inclusion criteria for review. Research studies concerning medications, pharmacological and non-pharmacological complementary and alternative medicine treatments, and surgical interventions with the most available evidence were appraised and summarized. The most high-quality evidence can be found for the use of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and combined oral contraceptives (COCs), with gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) agonists and surgical interventions showing efficacy for refractory cases. While there is some evidence of the efficacy of alternative and complementary medicine treatments such as nutraceuticals, acupuncture, and yoga, variability in quality and methods of studies must be taken into account.
The intrinsic shapes of elliptical galaxies

The luminosity-weighted axis ratios are computed for a sample of 171 elliptical galaxies observed by Djorgovski. The apparent axis ratios are used to constrain the intrinisic shape of elliptical galaxies. It is assumed that elliptical galaxies are triaxial ellipsoids with axis ratios 1:β:γ, and that the distribution of intrinsic axis ratios f(β,γ) has an isotropic Gaussian form, with a peak at the position β 0 , γ 0 and width σ 0
Towards a fully kinetic 3D electromagnetic particle-in-cell model of streamer formation and dynamics in high-pressure electronegative gases

Streamer and leader formation in high pressure devices is dynamic process involving a broad range of physical phenomena. These include elastic and inelastic particle collisions in the gas, radiation generation, transport and absorption, and electrode interactions. Accurate modeling of these physical processes is essential for a number of applications, including high-current, laser-triggered gas switches. Towards this end, we present a new 3D implicit particle-in-cell simulation model of gas breakdown leading to streamer formation in electronegative gases. The model uses a Monte Carlo treatment for all particle interactions and includes discrete photon generation, transport, and absorption for ultra-violet and soft x-ray radiation. Central to the realization of this fully kinetic particle treatment is an algorithm that manages the total particle count by species while preserving the local momentum distribution functions and conserving charge [D. R. Welch, T. C. Genoni, R. E. Clark, and D. V. Rose, J. Compu.
Developments and Clinical Applications of Biomimetic Tissue Regeneration using 3D Bioprinting Technique

Tissue engineers have made great strides in the past decade thanks to the advent of three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting technology, which has allowed them to create highly customized biological structures with precise geometric design ability, allowing us to close the gap between manufactured and natural tissues. In this work, we first survey the state-of-the-art methods, cells, and materials for 3D bioprinting. The modern uses of this method in tissue engineering are then briefly discussed. Following this, the main benefits of 3D bioprinting in tissue engineering are outlined in depth, including the ability to rapidly prototype the individualized structure and the ability to engineer with a highly controllable microenvironment. Finally, we offer some predictions for the future of 3D bioprinting in the field of tissue engineering.
Perceived Effects of Rainfall and Temperature Variability on Yields of Cereal Crops in the Mion District of Northern Ghana

Climate variability has been a major threat to achieving sustainable food production in many countries, including Ghana. This is attributable to insufficient and erratic rainfall coupled with increasing temperature. This study examined the perceived effects of rainfall and temperature variability on yields of cereal crops in the Mion District of the Northern Region. The study reveals that farmers in the Mion District have experienced changes in climatic conditions evident in high temperatures and low rainfall. The study also reveals that rainfall and temperature variability adversely affect the yields of cereal crops such as rice, maize, and millet. The effect could manifest in either yield reduction or total crop failure of cereals. The study also showed that factors that enable farmers to respond to impacts of rainfall and temperature variability are Agric extension services, application of fertilizer, irrigation farming, use of improved seeds, and favourable government policies such as subsidies and credit facilities. The study, therefore, concludes that yields of cereal crops are adversely affected by rainfall and temperature variability. However, farmers resort to Agric extension services, application of fertilizer, irrigation farming, use of improved variety of seeds, and favourable government policies in response to the impacts of rainfall and temperature variability. The study recommends that government should employ more extension agents and construct more irrigation facilities in the Mion District to reduce the adverse effects of climate variability on yields of cereal crops.
Accurate lifetime measurements of the lowest /sup 2/P/sub 1/2/ states in neutral lithium and sodium

By observing the decay in flight of laser-excited atoms in a fast atomic beam with energy between 60 and 150 keV, lifetimes of the Li 2/sup 2/P/sub 1/2/ and Na 3/sup 2/P/sub 1/2/ are measured to be (27.29 +- 0.04) and (16.40. +- 0.03) nsec, respectively (uncertainties are one standard deviation).