Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Rapid Detection of Tea Polyphenols in Fresh Tea Leaves Based on Fusion of Visible/Short-Wave and Long-Wave near Infrared Spectroscopy and Its Device Development

Tea polyphenols are considered as an important indicator of tea quality. Rapid detection of tea polyphenol content plays a valuable role for tea breeding and quality inspection during tea production. In this work, a portable rapid non-destructive detection device of tea polyphenols in fresh tea leaves was developed, which integrated the fusion technology of visible/short-wave (400–1050 nm) and long-wave (1000–1650 nm) near-infrared spectroscopy (Vis/NIR). Experimental results indicated that the spectra within the overlapping region (1000–1050 nm) were assembled by applying the spectral data fusing method. Followed by spectral data preprocessing with the Savitzky–Golay smoothing (SG) method, least squares support vector regression (LS–SVR) models were established for detecting the tea polyphenol content of fresh tea leaves. Based on the fused Vis/NIR spectra (dual-band), the correlation coefficient of calibration (RC), root mean square error of calibration (RMSEC), correlation coefficient of prediction (RP), root mean square error of prediction (RMSEP), and residual predictive deviation (RPD) reached 0.976, 0.679%, 0.893, 0.897%, and 2.230, respectively, which were better than the visible/short-wave or long-wave near infrared spectral data (single-band). The sensitive spectral wavebands of tea polyphenols extracted using the random frog (RF) algorithm were distributed in 402–448 nm, 555–600 nm, 810–1042 nm, 1056–1103 nm, 1219–1323 nm, 1406–1416 nm, and 1499–1511 nm. This demonstrated that the prediction of tea polyphenol content using fused spectral data combined with the LS–SVR model depended on various functional groups such as auxochromes, chromogenic groups, and hydrogen-containing groups. The proposed device is capable of non-destructive detection of tea polyphenol content in fresh tea leaves, which can provide effective technical support for tea breeding and tea leaf quality control.
Empirical binomial sampling plans: model calibration and testing using Williams’ method III for generalized linear models with overdispersion

AbstractBinomial sampling plans that use presence/absence data for estimating pest population density are commonly used in cropprotection when counting individual pest units is not cost effective. These plans are often based on the empirical relationship between the proportion of presences, p, and a count-based estimate of the mean population density, $$\tilde \mu $$ , given by $$\ln \left\{ { - \ln (1 - p)} \right\} = \alpha _0 + \alpha _1 ln(\tilde \mu )$$ , which is typically fitted as a simple linear regression. However, correctly incorporating all of (i) binomial sampling errors, (ii) biological errors (i.e., overdispersion), and (iii) errors in variables is not possible using linear regression. Here, model calibration and testing is carried out using William’s method III for fitting a binomial generalized linear model with overdispersion (GLMw) in order to handle (i) and (ii), and simulation is used to study the effect of using the sample estimate of μ as the predictor variable. Calculation of the operating characteristics function of the decision rule for an action threshold of p0 is compared for linear and GLMw models, with the former shown to substantially underestimate the probability of correct decisions and overestimate the probability of incorrect decisions. A binomial sampling plan for populations of the leaf beetle Chrysophtharta bimaculata, a defoliator of Eucalyptusnitens plantations, is used to demonstrate the methods.
Comparison of Oleocanthal-Low EVOO and Oleocanthal against Amyloid-β and Related Pathology in a Mouse Model of Alzheimer’s Disease

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is characterized by several pathological hallmarks, including the deposition of amyloid-β (Aβ) plaques, neurofibrillary tangles, blood–brain barrier (BBB) dysfunction, and neuroinflammation. Growing evidence support the neuroprotective effects of extra-virgin olive oil (EVOO) and oleocanthal (OC). In this work, we aimed to evaluate and compare the beneficial effects of equivalent doses of OC-low EVOO (0.5 mg total phenolic content/kg) and OC (0.5 mg OC/kg) on Aβ and related pathology and to assess their effect on neuroinflammation in a 5xFAD mouse model with advanced pathology. Homozygous 5xFAD mice were fed with refined olive oil (ROO), OC-low EVOO, or OC for 3 months starting at the age of 3 months. Our findings demonstrated that a low dose of 0.5 mg/kg EVOO-phenols and OC reduced brain Aβ levels and neuroinflammation by suppressing the nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) pathway and reducing the activation of NOD-, LRR- and pyrin domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasomes. On the other hand, only OC suppressed the receptor for advanced glycation endproducts/high-mobility group box 1 (RAGE/HMGB1) pathway. In conclusion, our results indicated that while OC-low EVOO demonstrated a beneficial effect against Aβ-related pathology in 5xFAD mice, EVOO rich with OC could provide a higher anti-inflammatory effect by targeting multiple mechanisms. Collectively, diet supplementation with EVOO or OC could prevent, halt progression, and treat AD.
Growth Performance, Carcass Composition and Tenderness of Meat in Male Layer-type Chickens Slaughtered at Different Age

An experiment with male layer-type chickens was carried out in the Institute of Animal Science-Kostinbrod, aiming to investigate their growth performance and carcass composition, as well as the cooking loss and tenderness of the meat at the age of 5 and 9 weeks. The birds were reared in controlled microclimate, with initial stocking density of 22 birds/m2. After 5 weeks of age, fragmentation of the stocking density was applied and it was diminished to 7 birds/m2. Chickens were slaughtered at 5 and 9 weeks of age, and 10 chickens of each age group were subjected to carcass analysis. The average live weight of the birds at 5 weeks was 329 g, while the 9 weeks old chickens reached 1096 g. In order to attain the weight of the first age of slaughter (5 weeks) the chickens gained 294.03 g with a feed conversion ratio of 2.97, whereas for the whole period the feed conversion ratio was 2.91. The dressing percentage of the 5 weeks old chicks was 51.26%. For the 9 weeks old it was 77.62%. The age affected the yield of the main carcass components and the older birds had higher yield of breast (P=0.0035) and thighs (P<0.0001). The cooking loss for both breast and thigh meat was higher in younger chickens (P<0.0001). The tenderness measured as Warner-Bratzler shear force (WBSF) of breast and thigh remained unaffected by the age at slaughter. Its values classified the meat of the male layer-type chickens from this trial as “very tender”.
Large amplitude MHD waves upstream of the Jovian bow shock: Reinterpretation

Observations of large amplitude magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) waves upstream of the Jovian bow shock were previously interpreted as arising from a resonant electromagnetic ion beam instability. That interpretation was based on the conclusion that the observed fluctuations were predominantly right elliptically polarized in the solar wind rest frame. Because it was noted that the fluctuations are, in fact, left elliptically polarized, a reanalysis of the observations was necessary. Several mechanisms for producing left hand polarized MHD waves in the observed frequency range were investigated. Instabilities excited by protons appear unlikely to account for the observations. A resonant instability excited by relativistic electrons escaping from the Jovian magnetosphere is a likely source of free energy consistent with the observations. Evidence for the existence of such a population of electrons was found in both the Low Energy Charged Particle experiments and Cosmic Ray experiments on Voyager 2.
A Class of Representations over the Virasoro Algebra

Abstract In 3 and 4 , the indecomposable and irreducible Harish-Chandra modules over the Virasoro algebra are studied and classified. In this paper, we construct a class of indecomposable modules with infinite dimensional weight spaces over the Virasoro algebra. In some cases, the indecomposable modules are irreducible.
Behavioral and Psychological Symptoms of Dementia: Prevalence, Symptom Severity, and Caregiver Distress in South-Western Uganda—A Quantitative Cross-Sectional Study

The purpose of the study was to investigate behavioral and psychological symptoms (BPSD) prevalence, severity, and distress experienced by caregivers of people living with dementia (PLWD). A cross-sectional, population-based study was conducted in a rural area in southwestern Uganda. A Neuropsychiatric Inventory Questionnaire (NPI-Q) was used to determine the presence of BPSD as perceived by caregivers of PLWD. We carried out both descriptive and inferential data analysis. A total of 175 caregivers of PLWD were enrolled in this study. Among PLWD, 99% had presented BPSD in the past month. Hallucinations (75%) and dysphoria/depression (81%) were the two BPSD that occurred most frequently. Most participants (70%) stated that PLWD experienced hallucinations of significant severity. Aberrant motor activity was reported by 60% of the participants as the type of BPSD that caused severe distress. There was a high positive correlation (0.82) between the total severity score and total distress scores. Interventions aimed at addressing dysphoria and hallucinations may be essential for the reduction of caregiver distress. These findings point to the need for promoting early screening for BPSDs and the provision of support to caregivers.
Development of gyrotrons for plasma diagnostics (invited)

Recent advances in high‐frequency (>100 GHz) gyrotron technology are reviewed and application to millimeter/submillimeter wave plasma diagnostics is discussed. Gyrotrons have useful capabilities of high‐power (>1 kW), long pulse/cw operation, narrow linewidth (<100 kHz), and good spatial mode quality with efficient (∼90%) mode converters. These capabilities could be used to significantly improve collective Thomson scattering diagnostics for the study of instabilities, plasma waves, turbulence, and thermal ion fluctuations. Imaging applications with many detector arrays of plasma density, field direction, and microinstabilities may be possible with gyrotons. In a high‐field compact ignition tokamak experiment a possible millimeter wave diagnostics window could be exploited by a gyrotron to measure a number of parameters, including alpha particle density and velocity distribution.
Transport Mechanics in Systems of Orientable Particles

The phenomenological description of transport processes in a fluid composed of molecules or particles which are orientable is reformulated so as to render it capable of distinguishing between and determining the form of the distribution of orientation. With orientation variables playing the role of continuously distributed parameters suitable for tensorial labeling of multicomponent species, equations for the transport of mass, momentum, energy, and angular momentum in the position‐orientation hyperspace are independently derived by continuum and statistical mechanical arguments. The selection of the point of location of a particle is shown to have an important bearing upon the transport equations of physical space obtained by orientation averaging. Linear constitutive relations are established by means of thermodynamic arguments which suggest anisotropic thermal conductivity and viscosity as well as a coupling tensor each dependent for its anisotropy upon the polyadic (polarization) moments of the distri.
Diffraction-grating-based (de)multiplexer using image plane transformations

We present the concept of using image plane transformations with free-space diffraction-grating-based multiplexers. We demonstrate two examples of a diffraction-grating-based multiplexer that take advantage of image plane spatial transformations. We show that the use of such spatial transformations has unique advantages for multiplexing schemes. We also demonstrate unique system applications enabled by these multiplexers.
Characterization of Stress Granule Protein Turnover in Neuronal Progenitor Cells Using Correlative STED and NanoSIMS Imaging

Stress granules (SGs) are stress-induced biomolecular condensates which originate primarily from inactivated RNA translation machinery and translation initiation factors. SG formation is an important defensive mechanism for cell survival, while its dysfunction has been linked to neurodegenerative diseases. However, the molecular mechanisms of SG assembly and disassembly, as well as their impacts on cellular recovery, are not fully understood. More thorough investigations into the molecular dynamics of SG pathways are required to understand the pathophysiological roles of SGs in cellular systems. Here, we characterize the SG and cytoplasmic protein turnover in neuronal progenitor cells (NPCs) under stressed and non-stressed conditions using correlative STED and NanoSIMS imaging. We incubate NPCs with isotopically labelled (15N) leucine and stress them with the ER stressor thapsigargin (TG). A correlation of STED and NanoSIMS allows the localization of individual SGs (using STED), and their protein turnover can then be extracted based on the 15N/14N ratio (using NanoSIMS). We found that TG-induced SGs, which are highly dynamic domains, recruit their constituents predominantly from the cytoplasm. Moreover, ER stress impairs the total cellular protein turnover regimen, and this impairment is not restored after the commonly proceeded stress recovery period.
Madelung constants and lattice sums for invariant cubic lattice complexes and certain tetragonal structures

A method is given of evaluating Madelung constants for invariant cubic lattice complexes. It is shown that a linear combination of at most 8 lattice sums is sufficient to give the Madelung constant of all such lattices. In many cases this reduces to just 3 sums. The 8 sums suffice also to determine the Madelung constant for tetragonal lattices with axial ratio square root 2 or 2 and for orthorhombic lattices with lattice parameters in the ratio 1: square root 2:2. The method developed here is also applied to the evaluation of lattice sums arising from particles interacting with a general r-s potential.
Multiple infliximab biosimilar switches appear to be safe and effective in a real‐world inflammatory bowel disease cohort

Abstract Background Switching from originator infliximab (IFX) to biosimilar IFX is effective and safe. However, data on multiple switching are scarce. The Edinburgh inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) unit has undertaken three switch programmes: (1) Remicade to CT‐P13 (2016), (2) CT‐P13 to SB2 (2020), and (3) SB2 to CT‐P13 (2021). Objective The primary endpoint of this study was to assess CT‐P13 persistence following switch from SB2. Secondary endpoints included persistence stratified by the number of biosimilar switches (single, double and triple), effectiveness and safety. Methods We performed a prospective, observational, cohort study. All adult IBD patients on IFX biosimilar SB2 underwent an elective switch to CT‐P13. Patients were reviewed in a virtual biologic clinic with protocol driven collection of clinical disease activity, C‐reactive protein (CRP), faecal calprotectin (FC), IFX trough/antibody levels, and drug survival. Results 297 patients (CD n = 196 [66%], ulcerative colitis/inflammatory bowel disease unclassified n = 101, [34%]) were switched (followed‐up: 7.5 months [6.8–8.1]). This was the third, second and first IFX switch for 67/297 (22.5%), 138/297 (46.5%) and 92/297 (31%) of the cohort respectively. 90.6% of patients remained on IFX during follow‐up. The number of switches was not independently associated with IFX persistence after adjusting for confounders. Clinical (p = 0.77), biochemical (CRP ≤5 mg/ml; p = 0.75) and faecal biomarker (FC<250 µg/g; p = 0.63) remission were comparable at baseline, week 12 and week 24. Conclusion Multiple successive switches from IFX originator to biosimilars are effective and safe in patients with IBD, irrespective of the number of IFX switches.
Cracking the Nest Egg: Comparing Pension Politics in Post-Communist Russia and Hungary

Growing fiscal challenges and ageing populations have made pension reform a pressing issue. Two particularly salient areas of pension reform have been: raising the retirement age; and structural reforms like the adoption and reversal of pension privatisation. The authors compare two very similar cases: Russia and Hungary in the post-communist period. Both countries faced growing demographic and fiscal challenges prompting pension reform, but at the time of reform Hungary was democratic and Russia was authoritarian. Some scholars predicted that authoritarian governments would be better able than democratic ones at enacting unpopular, but arguably necessary, economic reforms. Others argue that democratic governments can more easily enact policy changes because of greater confidence about public opinion. Additionally, authoritarian policymaking can be uniquely slowed by bureaucratic in-fighting. The authors find support for the position that democratic governments can be more flexible: thus offering important insight into how regime type shapes policymaking.
Dynamics of coherent structures and transition to turbulence in free square jets

We report results of time‐dependent numerical simulation of spatially developing free square jets initialized with a thin square vortex‐sheet with slightly rounded corner‐regions. The studies focus on the near field of jets with Mach number 0.3–0.6 and moderately high Reynolds numbers. A monotonically‐integrated large‐eddy‐simulation approach is used, based on the solution of the unfiltered inviscid equations and appropriate inflow/outflow open boundary conditions. The simulations show that the initial development of the square jet is characterized by the dynamics of vortex rings and braid vortices. Farther downstream, strong vortex interactions lead to the breakdown of the vortices, and to a more disorganized flow regime characterized by smaller scale elongated vortices and spectral content consistent with that of the Kolmogorov (K41) inertial subrange. Entrainment rates significantly larger than those for round jets are directly related to the enhanced fluid and momentum transport between jet and surroundings determined by the vortex dynamics underlying the axis‐rotation of the jet cross‐section. The first axis‐rotation of the jet cross‐section can be directly correlated with self‐induced vortex‐ring deformation. However, subsequent jet axis‐rotations are the result of strong interactions between ring and braid vortices, rather than being correlated with successive self‐induced vortex‐ring deformations, as previously conjectured based on laboratory observations. The interaction between braid and ring vortices has the effect of inhibiting the periodic self‐induced axis‐rotations observed in the case of isolated square vortex rings.
A classical approach to uniform null controllability for elastic beams

The Rayleigh beam equation is the formal limit of the Timoshenko beam equation as the shear modulus K/spl rarr/+/spl infin/. Null controllability is possible, that is, the evolution systems associated with the Rayleigh and Timoshenko equations can be driven to rest by applying appropriate controls at both ends of the beam. In this work we show that controllability of the Rayleigh system can be achieved by letting K/spl rarr/+/spl infin/ in the solution of the Timoshenko controllability problem.
Soft-assembled, bio-gel electrolytic double layer capacitor system for sustainable energy storage

ABSTRACT Carrageenan is an attractive bio-derived polymer electrolyte due to its high ionic conductivity, cyclic stability, and cost-effectiveness in copolymerizing with other biocompatible polymers such as polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). This paper discusses the physical and chemical characterizations of the bio-electrolyte(s): PVA, carrageenan, and PVA-carrageenan copolymer blend. We also describe a fabrication method to create a soft-printed, thin-film, bio-gel electrolytic double-layer capacitor (bio-EDLC) using a PVA-carrageenan polymer blend. The addition of PVA to carrageenan provided structural and mechanical stability to the biopolymer, as confirmed by the hydrogen bonds detected using attenuated Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy analysis. The assembled bio-EDLCs were analyzed for their electrical properties including their internal charge transfer mechanism, electrical breakdown, specific capacitance, power density, and energy density. It was determined that the bio-EDLC offers specific capacitance of 84 F/g and power density of 4.15E-02 W/kg and has a breakdown voltage of ~1.1 V. Furthermore, preliminary optimization was performed on the bio-EDLC with a drop casting of reduced graphene oxide at the electrode/electrolyte interface to create surface micro-roughness resulting in a bio-EDLC system which demonstrated superior electrical characteristics with an overall specific capacitance of up to 118 F/g, breakdown voltage of ~1.3 V, and improved maximum charging capability to 80%.
Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TPACK) Level and Needs of Pre-Service English as a Foreign Language (EFL) Teachers: Evidence from Turkey

The current study investigated the Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TPACK) level and needs of pre-service teachers through a convergent parallel design. The participants included 120 English as a Foreign Language (EFL) pre-service teachers, 79 females and 41 males, studying at a state university in Turkey. The TPACK-Deep scale developed by Kabakçı-Yurdakul et al. (2012) served as the quantitative data collection instrument and an open-ended questionnaire was used to collect qualitative data on the opinion and needs of the participants. As for the analysis of quantitative data, the authors employed descriptive statistics. On the other hand, a thematic analysis was implemented for the qualitative data. The findings indicated that EFL pre-service teachers generally had a high level of TPACK proficiency. Moreover, the TPACK needs of student teachers were mainly related to technology-based problems (TK, TCK, and TPK) and access to technological tools. Finally, at the end of the article, further suggestions and implications are provided for prospective studies and scholars over the above-mentioned issues.