Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Simple decision rules for classifying human cancers from gene expression profiles

MOTIVATION Various studies have shown that cancer tissue samples can be successfully detected and classified by their gene expression patterns using machine learning approaches. One of the challenges in applying these techniques for classifying gene expression data is to extract accurate, readily interpretable rules providing biological insight as to how classification is performed. Current methods generate classifiers that are accurate but difficult to interpret. This is the trade-off between credibility and comprehensibility of the classifiers. Here, we introduce a new classifier in order to address these problems. It is referred to as k-TSP (k-Top Scoring Pairs) and is based on the concept of 'relative expression reversals'. This method generates simple and accurate decision rules that only involve a small number of gene-to-gene expression comparisons, thereby facilitating follow-up studies. RESULTS In this study, we have compared our approach to other machine learning techniques for class prediction in 19 binary and multi-class gene expression datasets involving human cancers. The k-TSP classifier performs as efficiently as Prediction Analysis of Microarray and support vector machine, and outperforms other learning methods (decision trees, k-nearest neighbour and naïve Bayes). Our approach is easy to interpret as the classifier involves only a small number of informative genes. For these reasons, we consider the k-TSP method to be a useful tool for cancer classification from microarray gene expression data. AVAILABILITY The software and datasets are available at http://www.ccbm. jhu.edu CONTACT actan@jhu.edu.
Mushroom diversity in the Biligiri rangana hills of Karnataka (India)

Evergreen forests of Biligiri rangana hills (BR hills) spread over an area of 540 sq. KM over eastern most edge of Western Ghats in Karnataka. Climatic conditions are more favorable for establishment of mushrooms and complete their life cycle. In this study, fourteen mushroom species were collected from BR hills region during monsoon (June through September 2013) with the help of Solega tribe inhabited the region since many years. Of the fourteen mushrooms, two mushrooms were identified as Ganoderma lucidum and Polyporous flabelliformis based on their phenotypic characters. The other 12 mushrooms were identified by ITS (Internal Transcribed spacer)region sequence homology as Termitomyces sp. (BRM-3). , Auricularia delicate (BRM-4), Termitomyces microcarpus (BRM-5), Amanita sp. (BRM-6), Podoscypha petalodes (BRM-7), Agaricaceae sp. (BRM-8), Macrolepiota sp. (BRM-9), Calvatia holothurioides (BRM-10), Gymnopillus crociphyllus (BRM-11), Coprinus comatus (BRM-12), Gyrodontium sacchari (BRM-13) and Clitocybeafffellea (BRM-14). Among the fourteen mushrooms, three species viz., Termito-myces species, Auricularia delicate and Termitomyces microcarpus were edible. The others were non edible/poisonous species. This study reports the diverse mushroom species as addition to biodiversity at BR hills.
Optical interferometry in astronomy

Here I review the current state of the field of optical stellar interferometry, concentrating on ground-based work although a brief report of space interferometry missions is included. We pause both to reflect on decades of immense progress in the field as well as to prepare for a new generation of large interferometers just now being commissioned (most notably, the CHARA, Keck and VLT Interferometers). First, this review summarizes the basic principles behind stellar interferometry needed by the lay-physicist and general astronomer to understand the scientific potential as well as technical challenges of interferometry. Next, the basic design principles of practical interferometers are discussed, using the experience of past and existing facilities to illustrate important points. Here there is significant discussion of current trends in the field, including the new facilities under construction and advanced technologies being debuted. This decade has seen the influence of stellar interferometry extend beyond classical regimes of stellar diameters and binary orbits to new areas such as mapping the accretion discs around young stars, novel calibration of the cepheid period-luminosity relation, and imaging of stellar surfaces. The third section is devoted to the major scientific results from interferometry, grouped into natural categories reflecting these current developments. Lastly, I consider the future of interferometry, highlighting the kinds of new science promised by the interferometers coming on-line in the next few years. I also discuss the longer-term future of optical interferometry, including the prospects for space interferometry and the possibilities of large-scale ground-based projects. Critical technological developments are still needed to make these projects attractive and affordable.
Polyhedral mixture of linear experts for many-to-one mapping inversion

Feed-forward control schemes require an inverse mapping of the controlled system. In adaptive systems as well as in biological modeling this inverse mapping is learned from examples. The biological motor control is very redundant, as are many robotic systems, implying that the inverse problem is ill posed. In this work a new architecture and algorithm for learning multiple inverses is proposed, the polyhedral mixture of linear experts (PMLE). The PMLE keeps all the possible solutions available to the controller in real time. The PMLE is a modified mixture of experts architecture, where each expert is linear and more than a single expert may be assigned to the same input region. The learning is implemented by the hinging hyperplanes algorithm. The proposed architecture is described and its operation is illustrated for some simple cases.
Charge-based modeling of channel material-engineered P-type double gate MOSFET

A physics-based, charge-based model for P-type Gaussian doped DG MOSFET is presented in this work. The developed model is also applicable to the investigation of the impact of channel material on the performance of p-type DG MOSFET. The reliability issues of the p-type MOSFET have also been demonstrated using both developed analytical model and simulated results. The performance degradation due to unwanted interface trap density in both p-type and n-type DG MOSFET are also compared in this work. In addition to this, the impact of the straggle range of Gaussian doping on the performance of silicon (Si)- and germanium (Ge)-based DG MOSFET (in terms of threshold voltage, DIBL and Ion/Ioff ratio) has also been investigated and compared.
The holodeck construction manual

Immersive virtual reality (VR) systems allow users to interact in virtual environments (VEs), where presence is limited to the virtual world; the physical surrounding cannot be perceived. Movie as well as scientific literature have reported about several of these interfaces that enhance presence of users in a VE, for example, the holodeck on the U.S. enterprise. Some of these immersive environments inspired researchers to provide at least a notion of an ultimate display, where the user cannot tell real from virtual [Sutherland 1965]. As shown in Figure 1 (right) in a six-wall CAVE the user is located in a cube on which sides stereoscopic content is projected from the back [Cruz-Neira et al. 1992]. Tracking of the user’s movements can be performed from outside, for example, by infrared-based approaches [Vorozcovs et al. 2005]. The most intuitive way of moving through such a scenario as well as through our real world is to perform real walking. Unfortunately, those setups provide only a limited interaction space in contrast to the potentially infinity VE. However, omnidirectional walking along arbitrary distance is essential for presence in VEs. Therefore, virtual locomotion interfaces are needed that support walking over large distances in the virtual world, while physically remaining within a relatively small space [Usoh et al. 1999]. Many hardware-based approaches have been presented to address this issue [Bouguila et al. 2002; Bouguila and Sato 2002]. Unfortunately, most of them are very costly, while providing only a single user a notion of walking, and thus will probably not get beyond a prototype stage.
Self-explanatory symbolic computation for math education

In this position paper we will try to state some new ideas concerning the design of software systems for symbolic computation which are to be used in math education. Up to the late seventies computer algebra systems were running only on big mainframe computers. The muMATH-80 system was the first to be used on microcomputers running under the CP/M operating system. Since the first hand-held computers that can run CP/M are on the market, it seems obvious that in a few years we will have computer algebra systems on cheap hand-held or even pocket computers. The use of such computer algebra systems will probably have more influence on high school math than the appearence of electronic pocket calculators did have. If we now take a closer look at muMATH, one can see that most topics of mathematics that are relevant in high school, can de treated by the system. Some parts that had not been covered in the muMATH-80 version are covered by the muMATH-83 version, like for example vector algebra and simple differential equations. This shows the direction where things probably will go. Sooner or later all topics of high school math or even undergraduate math will be covered, at least in principle, by systems running on microcomputers. Further developments in the hardware field will accelerate this process, e.g. if the standard size for RAM storage in micros and hand-held computers increases from now 64 KB to, say, 256 KB.
Talents: dynamically composable units of reuse

Reuse in object-oriented languages typically focuses on inheritance. Numerous techniques have been developed to provide finer-grained reuse of methods, such as flavors, mixins and traits. These techniques, however, only deal with reuse at the level of classes. Class-based reuse is inherently static. Increasing use of reflection and meta-programming techniques in real world applications underline the need for more dynamic approaches. New approaches have shifted to object-specific reuse. However, these techniques fail to provide a complete solution to the composition issues arising during reuse. We propose a new approach that deals with reuse at the object level and that supports behavioral composition. We introduce a new abstraction called a talent which models features that are shared between objects of different class hierarchies. Talents provide a composition mechanism that is as flexible as that of traits but which is dynamic.
Real-time mesh-based scene estimation for aerial inspection

With society and industry pushing for robot-assisted systems to automate cumbersome tasks, such as inspection and maintenance, a vast amount of research effort has been dedicated to relevant technologies. Right at the forefront are small Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) equipped with onboard cameras, recently demonstrating that vision-based autonomous flights without reliance on GPS are possible, sparking great interest in a plethora of areas. Current solutions, however, still lack in portability and generality struggling to perform outside the controlled laboratory environment, with onboard robotic perception constituting the biggest impediment. Driven by the need for real-time denser scene estimation, in this work we present a dramatically cheap approach enabling estimation of the immediate surroundings of a UAV using the inertial and visual cues from a single onboard camera. Instead of following the recent trend towards dense scene reconstruction, we trade detail of reconstruction for efficiency of estimation, albeit without compromising accuracy. We also present ETHZ CAB building dataset for aerial inspection. We present results against scene ground truth obtained by a millimetre-precise laser scanner.
Impact of the airgap magnetic field harmonics on the performances of a disc type flux switching machine for wind application

This paper presents a detailed study of the impact of the airgap magnetic field harmonics on some performances of a disc-type switching flux permanent magnet generator. More precisely, the presented study concerns the cogging torque, the total torque as well as the torque ripple, the eddy currents in the permanent magnets and finally the vibro-acoustic emissions due to electromagnetic origins. First, maximizing average output electromagnetic torque and minimizing cogging torque are done varying the rotor tooth dimensions. This study is achieved using a multislice 2D finite element (FE) magnetic model in order to reduce computation time. Then, eddy current loss in permanent magnet is estimated using 3D FE method for the machine having optimal dimensions. Finally, the previously computed airgap flux density is used to evaluate the local magnetic forces acting on the airgap side stator faces. Estimated local forces serve as an input for a 3D mechanical structural FE model quantifying the vibro-acoustic performances of the studied machine. The various results are presented and discussed in each section of this paper.
lazytables : Faster distributed machine learning through staleness

Actifio American Power Corporation EMC Corporation Emulex Facebook Fusion-io Google Hewlett-Packard Labs Hitachi, Ltd. Huawei Technologies Co. Intel Corporation Microsoft Research NEC Laboratories NetApp, Inc. Oracle Corporation Panasas Samsung Information Systems America Seagate Technology STEC, Inc. Symantec Corporation VMware, Inc. Western Digital LazyTables . 1
What changes? What remains? The evolution of the street networks in old Beijing city over one century

ABSTRACT The street networks and the urban morphology are assumed to mutually influence each other. Via space syntax, this paper focuses on structural features and evolutionary guidelines of the street network in old Beijing city to examine what changes and what remains. The conclusions are as follows: (1) the deep-layer topological relationship of the street network can also clearly reveal the corresponding political, economic and cultural characteristics; (2) old Beijing city developed its grid-like street network over the past several centuries, which shows a good flexibility and continuity, but also with a long period of traffic pressure in history.
A truly scalable IP lookup algorithm for next generation internet

Continuing growth in traffic, the size of routing table as well as the link speeds puts great challenge on the performance of Internet address lookup. The packet forwarding engine need perform 150 million IP address lookups per second for a 100Gbps line card while accommodating up to 500,000 prefixes and very likely 1M in the near future. TCAM based lookup solutions do not scale well for the next-generation due to its high power dissipation and large footprint. Algorithmic solutions can achieve high throughputs with hardware parallelism and compact storage needs, but can hardly scale simultaneously in the three dimensions of increased table size, throughput, and prefix length as IP moves to 64 bit IPv6 addresses. We propose a novel IPv6 lookup algorithm called Prefix Range Based Binary Search (PRB-BS) using binary search over hash tables organized by the range of prefix length. By eliminating the path information of the subtrie our scheme reduces the memory demands considerably. Besides, the binary search scheme based on prefix range reduces the worst case time of hash lookups to log2L, with L being the number of subtrie layers. We also introduce asymmetry binary search to further reduce memory demands and memory accesses. Compared with the tree bitmap algorithm widely used by many modern routers the memory requirements of PRB-BS algorithm is about 55% of the tree bitmap algorithm. The experiment results also show that the average search depth of PRB-BS algorithm is stable at 2 with the increased number of prefixes, which reflects better scalability of PRB-BS algorithm.
Incremental Least-Squares Temporal Difference Learning

Approximate policy evaluation with linear function approximation is a commonly arising problem in reinforcement learning, usually solved using temporal difference (TD) algorithms. In this paper we introduce a new variant of linear TD learning, called incremental least-squares TD learning, or iLSTD. This method is more data efficient than conventional TD algorithms such as TD(0) and is more computationally efficient than non-incremental least-squares TD methods such as LSTD (Bradtke & Barto 1996; Boyan 1999). In particular, we show that the per-time-step complexities of iLSTD and TD(0) are O(n), where n is the number of features, whereas that of LSTD is O(n2). This difference can be decisive in modern applications of reinforcement learning where the use of a large number features has proven to be an effective solution strategy. We present empirical comparisons, using the test problem introduced by Boyan (1999), in which iLSTD converges faster than TD(0) and almost as fast as LSTD.
An Efficient Pattern Recognition Approach with Applications

This paper presents supervised and unsupervised pattern recognition techniques that use Base SAS® and SAS® Enterprise MinerTM software. A simple preprocessing technique creates many small image patches from larger images. These patches encourage the learned patterns to have local scale, which follows well-known statistical properties of natural images. In addition, these patches reduce the number of features that are required to represent an image and can decrease the training time that algorithms need in order to learn from the images. If a training label is available, a classifier is trained to identify patches of interest. In the unsupervised case, a stacked autoencoder network is used to generate a dictionary of representative patches, which can be used to locate areas of interest in new images. This technique can be applied to pattern recognition problems in general, and this paper presents examples from the oil and gas industry and from a solar power forecasting application.
Effects of TiO2 nanoparticles on nutrition metabolism in silkworm fat body

ABSTRACT Silkworm (Bombyx mori) is an important economic insect with a fat body that plays a crucial role in the storage and transfer of nutrients. It is also known that TiO2 nanoparticles (NPs) can improve feed efficiency and promote silk protein synthesis in the silkworm. In this study, we profiled gene expression in the silkworm fat body after TiO2 NP treatment, validated the major RNA-seq findings, and determined the contents of trehalose and triglyceride, the activity of lipase, and the amount of total proteins. RNA-seq analysis revealed that TiO2 NP treatment caused significant expression changes in 341 genes (P≤0.01), 138 of which were upregulated while the other 203 were downregulated. The expression levels of two target genes in the insulin signaling pathway and two protein metabolism-related target genes, three lipid metabolism-associated target genes, two carbohydrate metabolism related target genes and expression levels of seven heat shock protein genes were increased, and that of threonine dehydratase gene and fatty acid transport protein gene were decreased. The RNA-seq results of 16 genes were validated by quantitative real-time PCR. The lipase activity, content of trehalose, and amount of total proteins were elevated by 3.86-fold, 1.34-fold, and 1.21-fold, respectively, and the content of triglyceride was decreased by 0.94-fold after TiO2 NP treatment. These results indicated that TiO2 NPs activated the insulin signaling pathway, promoted the metabolism of protein, fat, and carbohydrate, and improved nutrition metabolism. Our study provides new support for the understanding of the beneficial effect of TiO2 NPs on silkworm nutrient metabolism. Summary: Our study indicates that TiO2 nanoparticles promote nutrient metabolism in the fat body of silkworms, and provide a reference for studies investigating the biological function of TiO2 nanoparticles.
Poster: Understanding of spatial gestural motor space: A study on cursorless absolute freehand pointing on large displays

As a preliminary research into extending the concept of direct touch to indirect spatial gesture, we conducted a user study to determine the relationship between gestural motor space and display space. From the results of a user study, we define a user-driven mapping between an area on motor space and a point on visual space. For 16 points in display space, we find the motor space radius interval of a standard deviation from mean and angle interval that statistically cover 96% of trials. We introduce a new concept of absolute free-hand pointing technique that connects a certain area in motor space to a visual object in display space without aid of a cursor.
Energy Conservation for Real-Time Disk Systems with I/O Burstiness

Energy conservation has become a critical problem for real-time embedded storage systems. Although a variety of approaches to reducing energy consumption has been extensively studied, energy conservation for real-time embedded storage systems is still an open problem. In this paper, we propose an energy management strategy (IBEC) using I/O burstiness for real time embedded storage systems. Our approach aims at blending the IBEC energy management strategy with low level disk scheduling mechanism to conserve energy consumed by storage systems. Extensive experiments are conducted involving a number of different load patterns as well as real-world data-intensive applications. To prove the efficiency of IBEC, we compare the performance of IBEC against three existing strategies, namely, PA-EDF, DP-EDF, and EDF. Results demonstratively show that compared with the alternative strategies, IBEC reduces the power consumption of real-time embed disks system by up to 60%.
Ultrasound-Promoted One-Pot, Four-Component Synthesis of Pyridin-2(1H)-One Derivatives

An efficient one-pot synthesis of 1,6-diamino-2-oxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro- pyridine-3,5-dicarbonitrile derivatives by four-component piperidine-catalyzed reactions of a ketone, malononitrile, ethyl cyanoacetate and hydrazine hydrate under ultrasound irradiation is described. This method provides several advantages such as shorter reaction times, excellent yields, and a simple workup procedure.
Deriving a blood-mimicking fluid for particle image velocimetry in sylgard-184 vascular models

A new blood-mimicking fluid (BMF) has been developed for particle image velocimetry (PIV), which enables flow studies in vascular models (phantoms). A major difficulty in PIV that affects measurement accuracy is the refraction and distortion of light passing through the interface between the model and the fluid, due to the difference in refractive index (n) between the two materials. The problem can be eliminated by using a fluid with a refractive index matching that of the model. Such fluids are not commonly available, especially for vascular research where the fluid should also have a viscosity similar to human blood. In this work, a blood-mimicking fluid, composed of water (47.38% by weight), glycerol (36.94% by weight) and sodium iodide salt (15.68% by weight), was developed for compatibility with our silicone (Sylgard 184; n = 3D 1.414) phantoms. The fluid exhibits a dynamic viscosity of 4.31±0.03 cP which lies within the range of human blood viscosity (4.4±0.6 cP). Both refractive index and viscosity were attained at 22.2±0.2 ◦C, which is a feasible room temperature, thus eliminating the need for a temperature-control system. The fluid will be used to study hemodynamics in vascular flow models fabricated from Sylgard 184.