Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Evidence for two modes of black hole accretion in massive galaxies at z ∼ 2

We investigate the relationship between active galactic nucleus (AGN) activity and host galaxy properties using a sample of massive galaxies at z ∼ 2 in the Chandra Deep Field-South (CDFS). A sample of 268 galaxies with M∗ > 1010.5 M at 1.4 <z< 3 are selected from Hubble Space Telescope wide field camera 3 (WFC3) H-band observations in CDFS taken as part of the cosmic assembly near-infrared deep extragalactic legacy survey (CANDELS) survey. We find that a large fraction (22.0 ± 2.5 per cent) are detected in the 4 Ms Chandra/Advanced CCD Image Spectrometer observations in the field, implying a high AGN content in these massive galaxies. To investigate further the relationship between these AGN and their hosts, we create four subsamples, based on their star formation rates (star-forming versus quiescent) and galaxy size (compact versus extended), following Barro et al. and perform X-ray spectral fitting. We find a clear effect whereby the AGN in compact galaxies – be they star forming or quiescent – show significantly higher luminosities and levels of obscuration than the AGN in extended galaxies. These results provide clear evidence for two modes of black hole growth in massive galaxies at high redshift. The dominant growth mode is a luminous, obscured phase which occurs overwhelmingly in compact galaxies while another lower luminosity, unobscured phase is predominantly seen in extended galaxies. Both modes could produce AGN feedback, with violent transformative feedback in the former and a gentler ‘maintenance mode’ produced by
Automatic Integration for Spatiotemporal Neural Point Processes

Learning continuous-time point processes is essential to many discrete event forecasting tasks. However, integration poses a major challenge, particularly for spatiotemporal point processes (STPPs), as it involves calculating the likelihood through triple integrals over space and time. Existing methods for integrating STPP either assume a parametric form of the intensity function, which lacks flexibility; or approximating the intensity with Monte Carlo sampling, which introduces numerical errors. Recent work by Omi et al. [2019] proposes a dual network approach for efficient integration of flexible intensity function. However, their method only focuses on the 1D temporal point process. In this paper, we introduce a novel paradigm: AutoSTPP (Automatic Integration for Spatiotemporal Neural Point Processes) that extends the dual network approach to 3D STPP. While previous work provides a foundation, its direct extension overly restricts the intensity function and leads to computational challenges. In response, we introduce a decomposable parametrization for the integral network using ProdNet. This approach, leveraging the product of simplified univariate graphs, effectively sidesteps the computational complexities inherent in multivariate computational graphs. We prove the consistency of AutoSTPP and validate it on synthetic data and benchmark real-world datasets. AutoSTPP shows a significant advantage in recovering complex intensity functions from irregular spatiotemporal events, particularly when the intensity is sharply localized. Our code is open-source at https://github.com/Rose-STL-Lab/AutoSTPP.
Rotationally modulated variability and pulsations of the He-rich star CPD -62°2124 with an extraordinarily strong magnetic field

A longitudinal magnetic field with a strength of 5.2 kG was recently detected in CPD -62 degrees 2124, which has a fractional main-sequence lifetime of about 60 per cent. Strongly magnetic early-B type chemically peculiar stars in an advanced evolutionary state are of special interest to understand the evolution of the angular momentum and spin-down time-scales in the presence of a global magnetic field. We made use of 17 FORS 2 low-resolution spectropolarimetric observations and 844 ASAS3 photometric measurements for the determination of the rotation period, pulsationsand the magnetic field geometry of the star. We calculated periodograms and applied phenomenological models of photometric, spectral and spectropolarimetric variability. We found that all quantities studied, specifically equivalent widths, the mean longitudinal magnetic field and the flux in the V filter, vary with the same period P = 2.628 d, which was identified as the rotation period. The observed variations can be fully explained by a rigidly rotating main-sequence star with an uneven distribution of chemical elements, photometric spots and a stable, nearly dipolar magnetic field with a polar field strength of about 21 kG, frozen into the body of the star. The magnetic field of CPD -62 degrees 2124 is tilted to the rotation axis by beta = 28 degrees +/- 7 degrees, while the inclination of the rotation axis towards the line of sight is only i = 20 degrees +/- 5 degrees. In the acquired FORS 2 spectra, we detect short-term line profile variations indicating the presence of beta Cephei type pulsations. As of today, no other pulsating star of this type is known to possess such a strong magnetic field.
A Magnetohydrodynamic Simulation of Magnetic Null-point Reconnections in NOAA AR 12192, Initiated with an Extrapolated Non-force-free Field

The magnetohydrodynamics of the solar corona is simulated numerically. The simulation is initialized with an extrapolated non-force-free magnetic field using the vector magnetogram of the active region NOAA 12192, which was obtained from the solar photosphere. Particularly, we focus on the magnetic reconnections (MRs) occurring close to a magnetic null point that resulted in the appearance of circular chromospheric flare ribbons on 2014 October 24 around 21:21 UT, after the peak of an X3.1 flare. The extrapolated field lines show the presence of the three-dimensional (3D) null near one of the polarity-inversion lines—where the flare was observed. In the subsequent numerical simulation, we find MRs occurring near the null point, where the magnetic field lines from the fan plane of the 3D null form a X-type configuration with underlying arcade field lines. The footpoints of the dome-shaped field lines, inherent to the 3D null, show high gradients of the squashing factor. We find slipping reconnections at these quasi-separatrix layers, which are co-located with the post-flare circular brightening observed at chromospheric heights. This demonstrates the viability of the initial non-force-free field, along with the dynamics it initiates. Moreover, the initial field and its simulated evolution are found to be devoid of any flux rope, which is congruent with the confined nature of the flare.
A HYPERBOLIC SHEAR DEFORMATION THEORY FOR FLEXURE AND VIBRATION OF THICK ISOTROPIC BEAMS

A Hyperbolic Shear Deformation Theory taking into account transverse shear deformation effects, is presented for the static flexure and free flexural vibration analysis of thick isotropic beams. The displacement field of the theory contains two variables and does not require shear correction factor. The hyperbolic sine function is used in the displacement field in terms of thickness coordinate to represent shear deformation. The most important feature of the theory is that the transverse shear stress can be obtained directly from the use of constitutive relation, satisfying the stress free boundary conditions at top and bottom of the beam. Hence, the theory obviates the need of shear correction factor. Governing differential equations and boundary conditions of the theory are obtained using the principle of virtual work. Results obtained for flexure and free vibration of simply supported uniform, isotropic beams are compared with those of elementary, refined, and exact beam theories to validate the accuracy of the theory.
A Method for Internal Calibration of Optical Interferometer Data and Application to the Circumstellar Envelope of γ Cassiopeiae

We present a technique for calibrating optical long-baseline interferometric observations in which both the calibration corrections and the source characteristics are obtained from the observations of a program star. This calibration can only be applied to certain classes of objects, such as emission-line sources or binary systems, in which the parameters describing the characteristics of the source are orthogonal to the calibration parameters. The technique is applied to observations of γ Cassiopeiae, obtained on four different nights with the Navy Prototype Optical Interferometer, and utilizes measurements obtained simultaneously in many spectral channels covering a wide spectral range, of which only two channels contain a strong signal due to the circumstellar envelope in the Hα emission line. The calibrated observations in Hα show a clearly resolved circumstellar structure. The best-fit elliptical Gaussian model fitted to our observations has ensemble average parameters of 3.67 ± 0.09 mas for the angular size of the major axis, 0.79 ± 0.03 for the axial ratio, and 32° ± 5° for the position angle, all in good agreement with values reported by previous investigations.
The impact of atomic data selection on nebular abundance determinations

Atomic data are an important source of systematic uncertainty in our determinations of nebular chemical abundances. However, we do not have good estimates of these uncertainties since it is very difficult to assess the accuracy of the atomic data involved in the calculations. We explore here the size of these uncertainties by using 52 different sets of transition probabilities and collision strengths, and all their possible combinations, to calculate the physical conditions and the total abundances of O, N, S, Ne, Cl, and Ar for a sample of planetary nebulae and H II regions. We find that atomic data variations introduce differences in the derived abundance ratios as low as 0.1$-$0.2 dex at low density, but that reach or surpass 0.6$-$0.8 dex at densities above 10$^{4}$ cm$^{-3}$ in several abundance ratios, like O/H and N/O. Removing from the 52 datasets the four datasets that introduce the largest differences, the total uncertainties are reduced, but high density objects still reach uncertainty factors of four for their values of O/H and N/O. We identify the atomic data that introduce most of the uncertainty, which involves the ions used to determine density, namely, the transition probabilities of the S$^{+}$, O$^{+}$, Cl$^{++}$, and Ar$^{+3}$ density diagnostic lines, and the collision strengths of Ar$^{+3}$. Improved calculations of these data will be needed in order to derive more reliable values of chemical abundances in high density nebulae. In the meantime, our results can be used to estimate the uncertainties introduced by atomic data in nebular abundance determinations.
ASYMPTOTIC BEHAVIOUR of RECORD TIMES for RENEWAL PACED RECORDS

Let {Κ, : η ä 0} be a sequence of independent and identically distributed random variables with continuous distribution function, and let {N(t) : t > 0} be a renewal process independent of {y„ : η > θ}. In this paper, we consider the renewal paced record process {X(f) : t > 0} based on {y„ : η > 0} and on [N(t) : t > 0} . We establish a strong invariance principle and limit laws for the record times of the process {X(e') : t θ}.
When Do Narcissists Burn Out? The Bright and Dark Side of Narcissism in Surgeons

This study addresses narcissism as an important psychological factor for the prediction of burnout. Previous research has produced inconsistent findings on whether narcissism is beneficial or detrimental to the development of burnout which is due to the fact that narcissism is viewed as an overall construct rather than on a dimensional level. This study applied a two-dimensional approach to narcissism in burnout. Three hundred-fifty-two surgeons from Germany were asked to complete the Maslach Burnout Inventory and the Narcissistic Admiration and Rivalry Questionnaire. Linear regression analyses revealed that high scores in admiration predicted high personal fulfillment, low emotional exhaustion, and depersonalization. For rivalry, the opposite picture emerged. The results indicate that admiration seems to have a protecting effect, whereas rivalry appears to promote burnout severity.
Controller design for the beam-and-ball system

We design a controller for the beam-and-ball system that renders the origin semiglobally asymptotically stable (semi-GAS). First, we view the problem as designing a controller for a second-order subsystem of the system. Then, using a new backstepping procedure we reconstruct the control for the whole system. As our main result, we developed a new version of backstepping procedure for systems that do not have a triangular structure.
A Retrospective Assessment of Laboratory Findings and Cytokine Markers in Severe SARS-CoV-2 Infection among Patients of Roma Population

Growing research data suggests that the severity of COVID-19 is linked with higher levels of inflammatory mediators, such as cytokines, chemokines, tumor necrosis factor, C-reactive protein, ferritin, and D-dimers. In addition, it was evident from the existing research data that the severity of SARS-CoV-2 infection differs according to independent risk factors such as race and ethnicity. Some scarce evidence shows that the European Roma community is likely to be at an elevated risk of illness and death during the pandemic due to their lifestyle, social factors, and economics. Assuming that precautions must be taken to protect this population from coronavirus infections and from widening existing disparities in comparison with the Romanian ethnic population, the current study aimed to observe the clinical evolution of the Roma patients with severe SARS-CoV-2 infection in correlation with the laboratory findings and inflammatory markers involved. After calculating the sample size requirements, we included 83 Roma patients admitted to the hospital with severe COVID-19 and 236 patients of Romanian ethnicity with the same inclusion criteria. Patients were selected from the period stretching from March 2020 to December 2021, before COVID-19 vaccines were introduced. Compared with the general population, the Roma patients with severe SARS-CoV-2 infection had a higher unemployment rate (39.8%), and most of them were residing in rural regions (65.4%). There were significantly more overweight patients in the Roma group than in the control group (57.8% vs. 40.7%), and it was also observed that high blood pressure and diabetes mellitus were significantly more prevalent in the Roma patients. They had significantly longer mean duration of hospitalization was significantly longer in the group of Roma patients (18.1 days vs. 16.3 days). IL-6 and CRP levels were significantly more elevated during admission in the group of Roma patients (43.4% vs. 28.4%); however, IL-6 levels normalized at discharge, but ESR remained high. Although ICU admissions were significantly more frequent in this group, the mortality rate was not significantly higher than in the general population. It is necessary to plan different healthcare strategies aimed at special populations, such as the Roma ethnicity to prevent disparities in negative outcomes reflected in this study. The results imply that community-health collaborations between organizations of minority groups and healthcare professionals can mitigate the disproportionate consequences of the pandemic on Roma.
“Yin‐Yang grid”: An overset grid in spherical geometry

A new kind of overset grid, named Yin‐Yang grid, for spherical geometry is proposed. The Yin‐Yang grid is composed of two identical component grids that are combined in a complemental way to cover a spherical surface with partial overlap on their boundaries. Each component grid is a low‐latitude part of the latitude‐longitude grid. Therefore the grid spacing is quasi‐uniform, and the metric tensors are simple and analytically known. One can directly apply mathematical and numerical resources that have been written in the spherical polar coordinates or latitude‐longitude grid. The complemental combination of the two identical component grids enables us to make efficient and concise programs. Simulation codes for geodynamo and mantle convection simulations using finite difference scheme based on the Yin‐Yang grid are developed and tested. The Yin‐Yang grid is suitable for massively parallel computers.
Holographic entanglement entropy of de Sitter braneworld

We study the holographic representation of the entanglement entropy, recently proposed by Ryu and Takayanagi, in a braneworld context. The holographic entanglement entropy of a de Sitter brane embedded in an anti-de Sitter (AdS) spacetime is evaluated using geometric quantities, and it is compared with two kinds of de Sitter entropy: a quarter of the area of the cosmological horizon on the brane and entropy calculated from the Euclidean path integral. We show that the three entropies coincide with each other in a certain limit. Remarkably, the entropy obtained from the Euclidean path integral is in precise agreement with the holographic entanglement entropy in all dimensions. We also comment on the case of a five-dimensional braneworld model with the Gauss-Bonnet term in the bulk.
Eumelanin from the Black Soldier Fly as Sustainable Biomaterial: Characterisation and Functional Benefits in Tissue-Engineered Composite Scaffolds

An optimized extraction protocol for eumelanins from black soldier flies (BSF-Eumel) allows an in-depth study of natural eumelanin pigments, which are a valuable tool for the design and fabrication of sustainable scaffolds. Here, water-soluble BSF-Eumel sub-micrometer colloidal particles were used as bioactive signals for developing a composite biomaterial ink for scaffold preparation. For this purpose, BSF-Eumel was characterized both chemically and morphologically; moreover, biological studies were carried out to investigate the dose-dependent cell viability and its influence on human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs), with the aim of validating suitable protocols and to find an optimal working concentration for eumelanin-based scaffold preparation. As proof of concept, 3D printed scaffolds based on methacrylated hyaluronic acid (MEHA) and BSF-Eumel were successfully produced. The scaffolds with and without BSF-Eumel were characterized in terms of their physico-chemical, mechanical and biological behaviours. The results showed that MEHA/BSF-Eumel scaffolds had similar storage modulus values to MEHA scaffolds. In terms of swelling ratio and stability, these scaffolds were able to retain their structure without significant changes over 21 days. Biological investigations demonstrated the ability of the bioactivated scaffolds to support the adhesion, proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells.
Longitudinal Modulation of Loco-Regional Immunity in Ovarian Cancer Patients Receiving Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy

Simple Summary Insight into how immune cells change during chemotherapy can help develop new ways to support immune function and maximize treatment success in epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). We aim to define the impact of chemotherapy on the tumor immune microenvironment by studying changes in immune-related gene expression and proteins within fluid that surrounds EOC. By testing different time points during chemotherapy, we can gain insight into the interplay between immune cells and cancer cells. Longitudinal profiling of cellular and molecular changes in immune surveillance during treatment of ovarian cancer will help find more effective combination treatments that can improve outcomes in EOC. Abstract The immune tumor microenvironment (TME) of epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) carries both effector and suppressive functions. To define immune correlates of chemotherapy-induced tumor involution, we performed longitudinal evaluation of biomarker expression on serial biological specimens collected during intraperitoneal (IP) platinum-based chemotherapy. Serial biological samples were collected at several time points during IP chemotherapy. RNA from IP fluid cells and tumor tissue was analyzed via NanoString. Meso Scale Discovery (MSD) multiplex assay and ELISA for MUC1 antibodies were performed on plasma and IP fluid. Differentially expressed genes in IP fluid demonstrate an upregulation of B cell function and activation of Th2 immune response along with dampening of Th1 immunity during chemotherapy. MSD analysis of IP fluid and gene expression analysis of tumor tissue revealed activation of Th2 immunity and the complement system. Anti-MUC1 antibodies were detected in IP fluid samples. IP fluid analysis in a secondary cohort also identified chemotherapy-induced B cell function genes. This study shows that serial IP fluid sampling is an effective method to capture changes in the immune TME during chemotherapy and reveals treatment induced changes in B cell function and Th2 immunity.
Reversible Bronchial Obstruction in Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia

Background: Inhaled bronchodilators are frequently used among patients with primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD), although neither the effectiveness nor the prevalence of their use is known, due to the paucity of relevant studies. Methods: This is a retrospective analysis of pre- and post-bronchodilator spirometry results, of patients with PCD from two centers. Correlations were examined of bronchodilator response, with asthma and atopy markers. Results: Of 115 patients, 46 (40%) completed spirometry pre- and post-bronchodilation. Of these, 26 (56.5%) demonstrated reversible airway obstruction (increase in %FEV1 predicted ≥ 10%). Obstruction reversibility was not found to be associated with a family history of asthma, blood eosinophil level, elevated IgE, or atopy symptoms. Of the 46 patients who completed bronchodilator spirometry, 29 (63%) were regularly using bronchodilators and inhaled corticosteroids. Conclusions: More than half of patients with PCD presented with reversible airway obstruction, without any correlation to markers of personal or familial atopy. Inhaled bronchodilators and corticosteroid therapies are commonly used for treating PCD. Evaluating bronchodilator response should be considered, and its effectiveness should be further studied.
Polychronicity, job performance, and work engagement: The mediating role of supervisor’s organizational embodiment and moderation of psychological ownership

Abstract Despite its importance to the global economy and its role in generating foreign currency profits for many countries, the tourism industry is not without its share of problems. This calls for research on the causes of improved productivity in the workplace. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effect of polychronicity on job performance and work engagement of tourism employees. The supervisor’s organizational embodiment was analyzed as a mediator and psychological ownership as a moderator. The data were gathered from 733 workers in the private tourist facilities of the city of Petra, Jordan by using a structured questionnaire and data analysis was carried out using AMOS-24. The findings revealed that polychronicity can lead to better job performance and work engagement. Supervisor’s organizational embodiment positively mediates the relationship of polychronicity with job performance and work engagement. In addition, the psychological ownership strengthens the relationship of polychronicity with work engagement and job performance. The emphasis of this study is on the most important behavioral outcomes of employees (i.e. work engagement and job performance); therefore, the practitioners of the tourism industry and hospitality industry can use the findings of this study to manage engagement- and performance-related issues of employees. Similarly, the researchers interested in polychromic behavior in organizations can also consider this research as a guideline.