Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A novel hybrid system for automatic detection of fish quality from eye and gill color characteristics using transfer learning technique

Fish remains popular among the body’s most essential nutrients, as it contains protein and polyunsaturated fatty acids. It is extremely important to choose the fish consumption according to the season and the freshness of the fish to be purchased. It is very difficult to distinguish between non-fresh fish and fresh fish mixed in the fish stalls. In addition to traditional methods used to determine meat freshness, significant success has been achieved in studies on fresh fish detection with artificial intelligence techniques. In this study, two different types of fish (anchovy and horse mackerel) used to determine fish freshness with convolutional neural networks, one of the artificial intelligence techniques. The images of fresh fish were taken, images of non-fresh fish were taken and two new datasets (Dataset1: Anchovy, Dataset2: Horse mackerel) were created. A novel hybrid model structure has been proposed to determine fish freshness using fish eye and gill regions on these two datasets. In the proposed model, Yolo-v5 and Inception-ResNet-v2 and Xception model structures are used through transfer learning. Whether the fish is fresh in both of the Yolo-v5 + Inception-ResNet-v2 (Dataset1: 97.67%, Dataset2: 96.0%) and Yolo-v5 + Xception (Dataset1: 88.00%, Dataset2: 94.67%) hybrid models created using these model structures has been successfully detected. Thanks to the model we have proposed, it will make an important contribution to the studies that will be conducted in the freshness studies of fish using different storage days and the estimation of fish size.
Genomic capacities for Reactive Oxygen Species metabolism across marine phytoplankton

Marine phytoplankton produce and scavenge Reactive Oxygen Species, to support cellular processes, while limiting damaging reactions. Some prokaryotic picophytoplankton have, however, lost all genes encoding scavenging of hydrogen peroxide. Such losses of metabolic function can only apply to Reactive Oxygen Species which potentially traverse the cell membrane outwards, before provoking damaging intracellular reactions. We hypothesized that cell radius influences which elements of Reactive Oxygen Species metabolism are partially or fully dispensable from a cell. We therefore investigated genomes and transcriptomes from diverse marine eukaryotic phytoplankton, ranging from 0.4 to 44 μm radius, to analyze the genomic allocations encoding enzymes metabolizing Reactive Oxygen Species. Superoxide has high reactivity, short lifetimes and limited membrane permeability. Genes encoding superoxide scavenging are ubiquitous across phytoplankton, but the fractional gene allocation decreased with increasing cell radius, consistent with a nearly fixed set of core genes for scavenging superoxide pools. Hydrogen peroxide has lower reactivity, longer intracellular and extracellular lifetimes and readily crosses cell membranes. Genomic allocations to both hydrogen peroxide production and scavenging decrease with increasing cell radius. Nitric Oxide has low reactivity, long intracellular and extracellular lifetimes and readily crosses cell membranes. Neither Nitric Oxide production nor scavenging genomic allocations changed with increasing cell radius. Many taxa, however, lack the genomic capacity for nitric oxide production or scavenging. The probability of presence of capacity to produce nitric oxide decreases with increasing cell size, and is influenced by flagella and colony formation. In contrast, the probability of presence of capacity to scavenge nitric oxide increases with increasing cell size, and is again influenced by flagella and colony formation.
Extended convexity of quantum Fisher information in quantum metrology

We prove an extended convexity for quantum Fisher information of a mixed state with a given convex decomposition. This convexity introduces a bound which has two parts: i. classical part associated to the Fisher information of the probability distribution of the states contributing to the decomposition, and ii. quantum part given by the average quantum Fisher information of the states in this decomposition. Next we use a non-Hermitian extension of symmetric logarithmic derivative in order to obtain another upper bound on quantum Fisher information, which enables to derive a closed form for a fairly general class of system dynamics given by a dynamical semigroup. We combine our two upper bounds together in a general (open system) metrology framework where the dynamics is described by a quantum channel, and derive the ultimate precision limit for quantum metrology. We illustrate our results and their applications through two examples, where we also demonstrate that how the extended convexity allows to track transition between quantum and classical behaviors for an estimation precision.
Geospatial modelling of lymphatic filariasis and malaria co-endemicity in Nigeria

Abstract Background Lymphatic filariasis (LF) and malaria are important vector-borne diseases that are co-endemic throughout Nigeria. These infections are transmitted by the same mosquito vector species in Nigeria and their transmission is similarly influenced by climate and sociodemographic factors. The goal of this study was to assess the relationship between the geospatial distribution of both infections in Nigeria to better coordinate interventions. Methods We used national survey data for malaria from the Demographic and Health Survey dataset and site-level LF mapping data from the Nigeria Lymphatic Filariasis Control Programme together with a suite of predictive climate and sociodemographic factors to build geospatial machine learning models. These models were then used to produce continuous gridded maps of both infections throughout Nigeria. Results The R2 values for the LF and malaria models were 0.68 and 0.59, respectively. Also, the correlation between pairs of observed and predicted values for LF and malaria models were 0.69 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.61 to 0.79; p<0.001) and 0.61 (95% CI 0.52 to 0.71; p<0.001), respectively. However, we observed a very weak positive correlation between overall overlap of LF and malaria distribution in Nigeria. Conclusions The reasons for this counterintuitive relationship are unclear. Differences in transmission dynamics of these parasites and vector competence may contribute to differences in the distribution of these co-endemic diseases.
Influence of physical fitness of coronary disease patients on vagal reentry and heart rate recovery after exercise with and without fluid replacement

Fluid replacement during exercise has been studied as an important strategy to enhance recovery, however, studies are needed to investigate the effect of this strategy in different physical profiles. The aim of the study was to investigate the influence of physical fitness of coronary artery disease (CAD) patients on vagal reentry and heart rate recovery after exercise performed with and without fluid replacement.
Updates to Surgical Treatment of Female Stress Urinary Incontinence (SUI): AUA/SUFU Guideline (2023)

Purpose: The purpose of this guideline is to provide a clinical structure with which to approach the diagnosis, counseling, and treatment of female patients with stress urinary incontinence (SUI). Materials/Methods: The primary source of evidence for the 2017 version of the SUI guideline was the systematic literature review conducted by the ECRI Institute. The initial search spanned literature from January 2005 to December 2015, with an additional updated abstract search through September 2016. The current amendment represents the first update to the 2017 iteration and includes updated literature published through February 2022. Results: This guideline has been amended to reflect changes in and additions to the literature since 2017. The Panel maintained that the differentiation between index and non-index patients remained important. The index patient is a healthy female with minimal or no prolapse who desires surgical therapy for treatment of pure SUI or stress-predominant mixed urinary incontinence. Non-index patients have factors that may affect their treatment options and outcomes, such as high grade prolapse (grade 3 or 4), urgency-predominant mixed incontinence, neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunction, incomplete bladder emptying, dysfunctional voiding, SUI following anti-incontinence treatment, mesh complications, high body mass index, or advanced age. Conclusion: While gains have been made in the field to support new methods for the diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up of patients with SUI, the field continues to expand. As such, future reviews of this guideline will take place to stay in keeping with the highest levels of patient care.
Sigmoidal FFANN’s and the best approximation property

Abstract Feedforward Artificial Neural Networks (FFANN’s) can approximate any continuous function arbitrarily well. Many approximation schemes exist which have this universal approximation property including schemes based on polynomials, wavelets etc. These approximations schemes can be given a FFANN form. Thus, the universal approximation property is not the characteristic of choice for comparison of approximation schemes. The best approximation property is one of the crucial aspects that can be utilised for this purpose. We establish that the functional sets represented by finite sized networks as well as arbitrary sized networks are open. We prove this result for both linear output FFANN’s and sigmoidal output FFANN’s. We also establish the absence of the best approximation properties for these networks and discuss the physical relevance of the results obtained.
Distance-Dependent Competition Measures for Individual Tree Growth on a Taiwania Plantation in the Liuguei Area

Competition among trees within a stand occurs when resource availability is insufficient to meet the total requirements of a tree population for optimal growth. Six distance-dependent competition measures that incorporate tree sizes and distances from neighbors, evaluated over varying competition zones, were used to assess the competition stress among trees. A reduction in the mean square error relative to the no-competition index involved was used to judge the performance of each competition index for 3 growth components (i.e., diameter at breast height (DBH), basal area, and volume). The results showed that except for Martin-Ek, the other competition indices investigated were significantly correlated with periodic growth in the 3 growth components (p ＜ 0.0001). The performance of the competition indices in predicting 5-yr growth indicated that the inclusion of competition indices in the growth-prediction model reduced the mean square error from 14% for volume growth to 17% for DBH growth. Moreover, expanding the search zones in the Hegyi competition index was found to have slightly improved the ability to estimate competition effects.
Serum and Pulmonary Expression Profiles of the Activin Signaling System in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension

Background: Activins are novel therapeutic targets in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). We therefore studied whether key members of the activin pathway could be used as PAH biomarkers. Methods: Serum levels of activin A, activin B, α-subunit of inhibin A and B proteins, and the antagonists follistatin and follistatin-like 3 (FSTL3) were measured in controls and in patients with newly diagnosed idiopathic, heritable, or anorexigen-associated PAH (n=80) at baseline and 3 to 4 months after treatment initiation. The primary outcome was death or lung transplantation. Expression patterns of the inhibin subunits, follistatin, FSTL3, Bambi, Cripto, and the activin receptors type I (ALK), type II (ACTRII), and betaglycan were analyzed in PAH and control lung tissues. Results: Death or lung transplantation occurred in 26 of 80 patients (32.5%) over a median follow-up of 69 (interquartile range, 50–81) months. Both baseline (hazard ratio, 1.001 [95% CI, 1.000–1.001]; P=0.037 and 1.263 [95% CI, 1.049–1.520]; P=0.014, respectively) and follow-up (hazard ratio, 1.003 [95% CI, 1.001–1.005]; P=0.001 and 1.365 [95% CI, 1.185–1.573]; P<0.001, respectively) serum levels of activin A and FSTL3 were associated with transplant-free survival in a model adjusted for age and sex. Thresholds determined by receiver operating characteristic analyses were 393 pg/mL for activin A and 16.6 ng/mL for FSTL3. When adjusted with New York Heart Association functional class, 6-minute walk distance, and N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide, the hazard ratios for transplant-free survival for baseline activin A <393 pg/mL and FSTL3 <16.6 ng/mL were, respectively, 0.14 (95% CI, 0.03–0.61; P=0.009) and 0.17 (95% CI, 0.06–0.45; P<0.001), and for follow-up measures, 0.23 (95% CI, 0.07–0.78; P=0.019) and 0.27 (95% CI, 0.09–0.78, P=0.015), respectively. Prognostic values of activin A and FSTL3 were confirmed in an independent external validation cohort. Histological analyses showed a nuclear accumulation of the phosphorylated form of Smad2/3, higher immunoreactivities for ACTRIIB, ALK2, ALK4, ALK5, ALK7, Cripto, and FSTL3 in vascular endothelial and smooth muscle layers, and lower immunostaining for inhibin-α and follistatin. Conclusions: These findings offer new insights into the activin signaling system in PAH and show that activin A and FSTL3 are prognostic biomarkers for PAH.
Ferroptosis and central nervous system demyelinating diseases

Ferroptosis is a newly discovered programmed cell death caused by intracellular iron excess and glutathione (GSH) system imbalance, resulting in fatal lipid peroxidation. It is different from necrosis, apoptosis, autophagy, and other forms of cell death. Accumulating evidences suggest that brain iron overload is involved in the pathogenesis of demyelinating diseases of the central nervous system (CNS), such as multiple sclerosis (MS), neuromyelitis optica (NMO), and acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM). The study of ferroptosis may provide a new understanding of demyelinating diseases and provide a novel therapeutic target for clinical treatment. Herein, we reviewed recent discoveries on mechanisms of ferroptosis, the effects of metabolic pathways on ferroptosis, and its involvement in CNS demyelinating diseases.
I Would Like to Do It Very Much! Leisure Participation Patterns and Determinants of Brazilian Children and Adolescents With Physical Disabilities

Purpose: To describe the patterns, preferences, and predictors of participation in leisure activities of children and young people with physical disabilities from Brazil. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study that included 50 children/young people with physical disabilities from the southeast of Brazil. The children were assessed using the Children's Assessment of Participation and Enjoyment and Preferences for Activities. Results: Children/young people participated in an average of 38% of the activities, with a greater number and frequency of informal, recreational, social, and self-improvement activities. The average frequency of participation in the activities was twice in the previous 4 months. The enjoyment in the participated activities was high. There was a greater preference for recreational, social, and physical activities. Age and functional classification were predictors of participation. Conclusion: This study of children with disabilities from the southeast of Brazil supports studies in other low- and middle-income countries, demonstrating low diversity and intensity of participation in leisure activities, but with high levels of enjoyment.
Colorectal cancer and advanced adenoma incidence during post-polypectomy surveillance: a national cohort study in the English Bowel Cancer Screening Programme

BACKGROUND Improved colonoscopy quality has led to debate about whether all post-polypectomy surveillance is justified. We evaluated surveillance within the English Bowel Cancer Screening Programme (BCSP) to determine the yield of surveillance and identify predictive factors for surveillance outcome. METHODS We performed a retrospective cohort study of individuals undergoing post-polypectomy surveillance between July 2006 and January 2017. BCSP records were linked to the National Cancer Registration Database to identify interval-type post-colonoscopy colorectal cancers (CRCs). Advanced adenoma and CRC at surveillance were documented. CRC incidence was compared with the general population using standardized incidence ratios (SIRs). Predictors of advanced adenomas at first surveillance (S1), and CRC during follow-up, were identified. RESULTS 44 151 individuals (23 078 intermediate risk; 21 073 high risk) underwent 64 544 surveillance episodes. Advanced adenoma and CRC yields were, respectively, 10.0 % and 0.5 % at S1, 8.5 % and 0.4 % at S2, and 10.8 % and 0.4 % at S3. S1 yield was lowest in those with one index adenoma ≥ 10 mm (advanced adenoma 6.1 %; CRC 0.3 %). The SIR was 0.76 (95 %CI 0.66-0.88), accounted for by the intermediate risk group (intermediate risk SIR 0.61, 95 %CI 0.49-0.75; high risk SIR 0.95, 95 %CI 0.79-1.15). Adenoma multiplicity, presence of a large nonpedunculated adenoma, and greater villous component were associated with advanced adenoma at S1. Older age and multiplicity were significantly associated with CRC risk. CONCLUSION This large, national analysis found low levels of CRC in those undergoing surveillance and low advanced adenoma yield in most subgroups. Less intensive surveillance in some subgroups is warranted, and surveillance may be avoided in those with a single large adenoma.
Assassin bugs enhance prey capture with a sticky resin

Tool-use in animals is a complex and rare phenomenon, particularly in insects. Tool-use in assassin bugs has been suggested as several species apply adhesive plant resins to their body, which has been hypothesized to function in enhancing prey capture. Here, we staged predatory interactions of resin-deprived and resin-equipped assassin bugs (Gorareduvius sp.) and discovered that applying resin as a tool conveys a clear predatory advantage to the assassin bugs. Gorareduvius sp. can thus be considered a tool-user, and since this behaviour was present in all individuals, including newly hatched nymphs, tool-use can be considered to be stereotyped. Our study, along with others, suggests that, when compared with other insects, tool-use is disproportionately common within the assassin bugs.
Inertial wave attractors in rapidly rotating tilted cuboids

Flows in rapidly rotating fluid-filled containers are strongly constrained by the restorative Coriolis force. Their responses to small amplitude perturbations may result in the excitation of regular modes of the container for some very selective geometries, but in general the response is a network of inertial wave beams. Due to the peculiar laws governing how these beams reflect, the network of reflected beams may focus onto highly localized regions of the container, where the beam energy and wavenumber become unbounded in the absence of viscous and nonlinear processes. Here, we explore in detail this focusing of wave beams in cuboids, enabling a comprehensive analysis of this intriguing process.
Wave resonances and hydroelastic wave motion

Three different types of resonances, i.e. blocking, trapping and Bragg resonance, associated with flexural gravity wave motion in the presence of current and permeable bottom are discussed. Also, using the different modes of wave propagation, the interconnection among all these resonances is analysed. An uneven pattern in the plate deflection is seen inside the blocking resonance zone. The uniform convergence of the infinite series associated with the trapped mode is proved. We have found that the trapped mode does not exist if the magnitude of the opposing current is higher or whenever we move the cylinder away from the platecovered surface. It is also observed that two propagating modes within the blocking frequencies create the environment for the occurrence of trapped waves. At the same time, all three modes have a remarkable contribution to Bragg resonance. The Bragg reflection increases in the blocking zone and decreases outside of it. We have seen that the amplitude of the Bragg reflection increases with the increase in current speed and porosity parameter. Also, the discontinuities in Bragg reflection coefficients are seen at blocking frequencies. The model is also carefully validated numerically for trapped and Bragg resonances against the results available in the existing literature.
Gender differences in SLE: report from a cohort of 417 Caucasian patients

Background SLE is an autoimmune disease that predominantly affects women. As most epidemiological and interventional studies are on populations with a clear female prevalence, the influence of gender in disease course, drug response and damage accrual is yet to be fully explored and comprehended. Objectives To describe gender differences in disease course, comorbidities, use of medications and long-term outcomes of a large cohort of patients with SLE. Methods Retrospective gender-based analysis of prospectively collected data from a monocentric cohort of Caucasian patients with SLE with at least 1 year of follow-up. Results 417 patients were included, 51 men and 366 women. Men displayed a significantly higher median age at disease onset and diagnosis and a higher prevalence of late-onset SLE, serositis at disease onset, antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) and use of mycophenolate within the first year of disease. Women had a higher prevalence of haematological abnormalities, a higher cumulative exposure to azathioprine and higher cumulative dose of glucocorticoids at 5 years. Male patients had a shorter time to first damage item and a higher prevalence of damage at 1 and 5 years, but this association was no longer significant when late-onset patients were excluded. No differences were found in prevalence of childhood onset, delay between onset and diagnosis, time to renal involvement and histology, cumulative autoantibody positivity, number of flares and hospitalisations, median SLE Damage Index score, type of damage, age and time to first cardiovascular event, chronic kidney disease and death. Conclusions In our cohort, clinical manifestations and disease course were similar in male and female patients; however, male patients displayed higher prevalence of APS and early damage accrual probably due to the later disease onset. These data highlight the importance of an intensive follow-up, prevention and treatment of complications in this category of patients, especially in the first years of disease.
Examining Literature Through Tenets of Critical Race Theory: A Pedagogical Approach for the ELA Classroom

In this article, the authors present a qualitative study focused on preservice teachers employing a framework using tenets of critical race theory (CRT)—permanence of racism, experiential knowledge and counter-storytelling, interest convergence, and critique of liberalism—in literature study. Drawing on critical English education, critical race English education, and CRT, the proposed framework integrates key tenets of CRT with literature in classrooms. Our findings demonstrated engagement by preservice teachers in identification, analysis, and reflection of CRT tenets in texts. This framework has the potential to provide a tool for students and teachers in K-12 schools to connect tenets of CRT to their knowledge of society and race in the texts they read.
Ferroelectric and domain characterization of K0.5Bi4.5Ti4O15 crystal

Abstract Bismuth layer-structured ferroelectric K0.5Bi4. 5Ti4O15 crystal was grown by original micro-pulling down method. The scanning electron microscope photos indicate the homogeneous distribution of the four elements of K, Bi, Ti and O in the as-grown crystal. The ferroelectric and dielectric properties were studied and the high Curie Temperature was determined to be 562 °C. Domain structure of K0.5Bi4. 5Ti4O15 crystal was investigated by piezoresponse force microscopy (PFM) through ±3 V dc bias. The clear dark and bright contrast in the PFM images indicates the domain switching.