Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Temperature-based life history and life table parameters of Texas citrus mite on orange (Acari: Tetranychidae)

Abstract The effect of five different constant temperatures on life history and life table parameters of the Texas citrus mite Eutetranychus banksi (McGregor) on sweet orange (Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck) leaves was studied under controlled laboratory conditions. The intrinsic rates of natural increase were -0.0649, 0.1723, 0.1759, 0.1973, and -0.0711; net reproductive rates, 0.30, 8.25, 7.24, 9.21, and 0.44; mean generation times, 19.21, 12.79, 11.74, 11.52, and 11.64 days at 20, 25, 30, 32.5, and 35°C, respectively. In general, the durations of each immature instar as well as combined immature stages, declined with increasing temperature up to 32.5°C and then increased at 35°C. As regards the adult stages, the durations of preoviposition, oviposition, and postoviposition periods, as well as adult longevity, decreased with rising temperature in the range of 25–30°C. With the exception of the preoviposition period, temperature of 20°C had an opposite effect on the durations of the remaining adult phases.Mean total andmean daily fecundities generally but irregularly declined with ascending temperatures.Mean total developmental times declined curvilinearly with rising temperature; however, the rate of development had a positive curvilinear relationship with increasing temperatures. Threshold temperature of development (°C) and thermal constants (degree-days) for egg, larva, protonymph, deutonymph, combined immature stages, preoviposition, oviposition, postoviposition, and adult longevity were: 5.82, 127.66; 3.29, 14.08; 4.33, 41.91; 3.69, 53.28; 4.08, 279.02; 5.35, 34.39; 3.06, 86.78; 3.75, 28.14; and 2.89; 139.52, respectively. From the data it was calculated that there are 22–23 annual generations of the Texas citrus mite in Tamaulipas, Mexico. Temperatures in the range of 28 to 31°C constitute the optimal range for development of this mite species.
APPLE ROOT GROWTH, TURNOVER, AND DISTRIBUTION UNDER DIFFERENT ORCHARD GROUNDCOVER MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS

Minirhizotrons were used to study root emergence, turnover, and depth distribution of apple (Malus ·domestica Borkh.) rootstocks (M.9/MM.111) under four groundcover management systems (GMSs)—pre-emergence herbicide (Pre-H), post- emergence herbicide (Post-H), mowed sod grass (Grass), and hardwood bark mulch (Mulch)—that had been maintained since 1992 in an orchard near Ithaca, NY. Two root observation tubes were installed on both sides of one tree in three replicates for each GMS treatment. Roots were observed by camera at 2- to 3-weekly intervals during the growing seasons of 2002 and 2003 and from whole tree excavations in Apr. 2000. Tree growth and yield observations from 1992 to 2003 showed that Mulch and Post-H treatments produced more tree growth and higher yields than other treatments during most years; the Grass treatment usually had the smallest trees and lowest yields. More root emergence was observed in a light crop year (2002) than in a heavy crop year (2003). Pre-H treatment trees had more total roots and new roots than all other treatments, and trees in Grass plots had fewer total roots than others. Trees in Mulch plots had more shallow roots, and trees in Grass plots had more deep roots than others. Root diameter was positively correlated with overwintering root survival. The Pre-H treatment trees had greater root mortality than other trees during an unusually hot and dry growing season (2002) and this was attributed to higher shallow soil temperatures in this treatment. The GMS treatments affected root number and root depth distribution patterns. Despite microsprinkler irrigation, hot, dry weather conditions coincided with decreasedrootgrowth, increased root mortality,andreduced rootmedianlifespan. GMS treatments affected root growth, turnover, and distribution at this orchard, and these differences were linked with long-term trends in tree growth and fruit production in this study.
Assessment of phlebitis, infiltration and extravasation events in neonates submitted to intravenous therapy

This study aimed to describe phlebitis, infiltration and extravasation events in newborn infants hospitalized at the neonatal intensive care unit of a public maternity in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. A quantitative and descriptive study was carried out, involving 36 newborns under intravenous therapy and indicated for the removal of the peripheral intravenous device. Fifty puncture sites were assessed immediately after the peripheral catheter removal, resulting in an average 1.40 punctures per infant. Complications were responsible for 48% of catheter removals before discharge from treatment, predominantly infiltration (79.2%), followed by phlebitis (16.7%) and extravasation (4.2%). To avoid aggravations and enhance the security of newborns submitted to intravenous therapy, the nursing team should periodically assess the peripheral venous access and gain knowledge on interventions needed when signs of complications are detected.
MOLECULAR PHYLOGENY OF NASSARIUS(GASTROPODA,NASSARIIDAE) BASED ON 16S RRNA GENE SEQUENCES

The mitochondrial 16S rRNA gene fragment sequences were employed to analyze the phylogenetic relationships among 11 Nassarius species distributed in 6 subgenera.Results show that pairwise intra-specific distances range from 0.000-0.007,while pairwise inter-specific distances range from 0.019-0.088. No overlap is found between pairwise intra-and interspecific distances.It is indicated that the 16S rRNA gene can be used to infer the inter-specific relationship among Nassarius species.However,the morphologically similar subgenera cannot be discriminated by the 16S rRNA gene because of the overlaps between pairwise intra-subgenus distances(0.018-0.031) and intersubgenus distances(0.028-0.083). Based on the morphological features and the present molecular analysis,the validity of Nassarius(Zeuxis) canaliculatum is confirmed and it is not the synonym of similar species Nassarius(Zeuxis) siquijorensis.T he present study also indicates that,based on the present dataset,Nassarius(Hima) festivus might belong to the subgenus Hima and the validity of the monotypic subgenus Varicinassa is supported.
Interlukine-12 and C-reactive protein as a Markers for Chronic Bacterial Infections

This study was conducted to investigate the immunoregulatory role of serum Interleukin-12 (IL-12p70) and serum C- reactive protein (CRP) in the pathophysiology and virulence of three persistant bacterial pathogens Helicobacter pylori, Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Brucella abortus. The mean serum IL-12p70 concentration in patients harbor Mycobacterium tuberculosis (5.775 ± 0.457) and Brucella abortus (5.925 ± 1.122) was low and showed no significant differences with healthy volunteers. However, patients harbor Helicobacter pylori showed significant elevation in serum IL-12p70 to (12.422±1.817 pg/ml). Abnormal C-reactive protein concentrations were observed in 28.1% (11.784 ± 6.105 mg/L) of patients harbor Helicobacter pylori, 37.5% (16.047 ± 6.358mg/L) harbor Mycobacterium tuberculosis and 31.3% (20.588 ± 6.887mg/L) harbor Brucella abortus. Conclusion suggest down regulation in the IL-12 cytokine, which could be a contributing factor in reactivated disease and helping the bacteria to persist and cause chronic inflammation and that C-reactive proteins cannot be used as a useful measurement for evaluating possible inflammatory process in persistent infection.
림프절 스토로마 내의 fibroblastic reticular cell의 기능 이해

Lymph node (LN) is the sites where mature lymphocytes become stimulated to respond to invading pathogens in the body. Lymphocytes screen the surfaces of pathogen-carrying antigen-presenting cells for cognate antigens, while moving along stromal structural back bone. Fibroblastic reticular cells (FRC) is stromal cell forming the 3 dimensional structure networks of the T cell rich zones in LN, and provide a guidance path for immigrating T lymphocytes. In these cooperative environments, the cell to cell bidirectional interactions between FRC and T cells in LN are therefore essential to the normal functioning of these tissues. Not only do FRCs physically construct LN architecture but they are essential for regulating T cell biology within these domains. FRC interact closely with T lymphocytes, is providing scaffolds, secreting soluble factors including cytokine in which FRCs influence T cell immune response. More recently, FRC have been found to induce peripheral T cell tolerance and regulate the extent to which newly activated T cells proliferate within LN. Thus, FRC-T cell crosstalk has important consequences for regulating immune cell function within LN. In addition, FRC have profound effects on innate immune response by secreting anti-microbial peptides and complement, etc in the inflammatory milieu. In summary, we propose a model in which FRC engage in a bidirectional touch to increase the T cell biological efficiency between FRC and T cells. This collaborative feedback loop may help to maintain tissue function during inflammation response.
Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA Analysis on Intraspecific Differentiation of Allium Hookeri

The random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) phenotypes generated by 7 primers were scored in 11 populations ofAllium hookeri.A series of computing indexes were applied to obtain genetic distance matrixes.N J tree and UPGMA tree were produced by RAPD istance package 1.04,MEGA 2.0 and PAUP 4. 0β8 software package.All the trees were same to each other.The results showed that A.hookeri was a monophyletic group which supported the existence of species of A.hookeri and all the populations of A.hookeri were divided into two groups which were identical with the habitus of withering in the winter and not withering in the winter and highly related to ploidy and habitat (altitude). The results are basically comparable with those obtained from studies on morphology,cytology,biochemistry and phytochemistry.A significant intraspecific differentiation among the populations of A.hookeri was confirmed by the use of RAPD analysis.Differentiation level of not withering in the winter populations is higher than that of withering in the winter ones.
Germplasm Base of Maize Breeding in China and Formation of Foundation Parents

Based on retrospective review on germplasm sources of maize breeding in China,i.e.local landraces,overseas inbred lines,overseas hybrids and populations,it was suggested that a major of temperate inbred in China could be divided into six groups,that was,Tangsipingtou,Lancaster,Lancaster-like,PA,PB and PC.The foundation parents used in maize breeding included Dan 340,Huangzaosi,Zi330,Mo17 and Ye478 etc.In this paper,directions and priorities of research on germplasm resources and foundation parents were also proposed.
ALLOZYME VARIATION AND DIVERGENCE IN ERINACEIDAE (MAMMALIA, INSECTIVORA)

ABSTRACT Data are given on the genetic variation and divergence among 14 hedgehog populations of the species Erinaceus europaeus, E. concolor, and Hemiechinus auritus from Spain, Italy, Germany, Croatia, Greece, Turkey, Israel, and Egypt. The electrophoretic analysis was carried out on 30 gene loci. The overall mean heterozygosity for all the populations sampled was H = 0.032. The mean value of genetic distance between the two genera Hemiechinus and Erinaceus was D = 0.572, ranging from 0.494 to 0.687. The mean value of genetic distance between E. europaeus and E. concolor was D = 0.201. Populations of E. concolor from Israel and Asia Minor were highly differentiated from those from Europe. The mean genetic distance between these populations and European ones was D = 0.154, ranging from 0.122 to 0.207. The present results indicate that European E. concolor populations are genetically distinct from the Anatolian and Israeli ones, supporting the validity of the taxon roumanicus as a separate species. Among .
The longitudinal distribution of fishes in an East Texas stream

The fish populations of Big Sandy Creek were investigated from June 1974 to January 1976 to evaluate longitudinal changes. A total of 46 fish species were collected by seining, electrofishing and gillnetting. The number of species per station from seven stations increased regularly? by addition of species? from 22 in the headwaters to 33 at the downstream limits of the study area. Relative abundance for individual species increased in some cases, decreased in others or remained roughly constant in relation to longitudinal position. Among the 24 abundant species, longitudinal change in size composition was detected by length-frequency analysis only in Erimyzon oblongus, which had high percentages of_small individuals in headwater streams. Diversity per individual (H) was generally greater at downstream stations, but the relationship between fish diversity and longitudinal position was not precise. An unusually diverse headwater assemblage may have been related to soil characteristics of the watershed. Diversity in general seemed to be more highly correlated with depth than with longitudinal position. Calculated heterogeneity (IH) showed that changes in community structure were gradual along a longitudinal continuum. These changes were not related to increase in stream order.
Effects of elaborative interrogation with prose passages.

Two hypotheses about the effectiveness of elaborative interrogation were investigated. First, students who engaged in elaborative interrogation while reading would remember more than those who underlined. Second, the characteristics of the students' elaborations would influence learning. Students (N = 114) in the 6th and 7th grades were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 conditions: underline-only, underline with elaboration, generate elaboration, and elaboration with study sheet. Generating an elaboration led to better memory for main ideas in comparison with the underline-only group, whereas the underline with elaboration group did better on an inference problem. Characteristics of elaborations did not influence the probability of learning the target fact
Linking Microbial Community Structure to S, N and Fe Biogeochemical Cycling in the Hot Springs at the Tengchong Geothermal Fields, Southwest China

Sediment and water samples collected from one acidic and three alkaline high temperature hot springs at the Tengchong terrestrial geothermal field, Southwest China, were examined using mineralogical, geochemical, and molecular biological techniques. The mineralogical and geochemical analyses suggested that these hot springs contained relatively high concentrations of S, Fe and N chemical species. Specifically, the acidic water was rich in Fe2+, SO42− and NH4+, while the alkaline waters were high in NO3−, H2S and S2O3−. Analyses of 16S rRNA gene sequences showed their bacterial communities were dominated by phyla Aquificae, Cyanobacteria, Deinococci-Thermus, Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, and Thermodesulfobacteria, while the archaeal clone libraries were dominated by orders Desulfurococcales, Sulfolobales, and Thermoproteales. Potential S-, N- and Fe-metabolizing prokaryotes were present at a relatively high proportion, but with large differences in the diversity and metabolic functions of each sample. These findings provide implications for uncovering microbial functions in elemental biogeochemical cycles within the Tengchong geothermal environments: i). the distinct differences in abundance and diversity of microbial communities in geothermal sediments were related to different in situ physicochemical conditions; ii). the S-, N- and Fe-related prokaryotes would take advantage of the strong chemical disequilibria in the hot springs; and iii). in return, their metabolic activities could promote the transformation of the S, Fe and N chemical species, thereby forming the basis of biogeochemical cycles in the terrestrial geothermal environments.
Serum Protein Capillary Electrophoretic Pattern in Camels (Camelus dromedarius): Influence of Age and Sex

The objective of this study was to characterise serum protein capillary electrophoretic pattern in relation to the age and sex in dromedary camels. Fourteen healthy young camels (age: 3-5 months), 12 adult male and 10 female camels (age: 5-8 years) were used. Blood samples collected from the jugular vein were used for the determination of serum proteins by capillary electrophoresis technique. Female camels had significantly (P < 0.05) higher serum-(Protein) of 63.7 ± 6.6 g/L (reference range = 51-74 g/L) compared to the other age groups. Adult male camels showed significantly (P < 0.05) higher percentage of albumin fraction (60%) compared to the other age groups. The concentrations of α1 and α2 globulin fractions were significantly (P < 0.05) higher mean value in young camels compared to the other groups (3.5% and 8.5%, respectively). β-globulin fraction was not affected significantly by the age. The concentration of γ-globulin fraction (26%) in lactating camels was higher (P < 0.05) compared to the other age groups. Significantly (P < 0.05) A/G ratio was observed in young camels. Sex had no significant effect on serum protein fractions. The results obtained were compared and interpreted in the light of finding reported by other investigators in camels, humans and other animals.
Effects of GA_3 and IBA as Well as Two Mediums on Scale Propagation of Lilium Oriental Hybrid 'Sorbonne'

为完善百合鳞片繁殖技术体系,研究了GA3、IBA以及锯木屑、草炭两种基质不同培养方式对东方百合‘Sorbonne'鳞片繁殖的影响. 结果表明,锯木屑埋片为最佳培养方式. 各处理因子的影响效力为植物生长调节剂种类＞浓度＞处理时间. IBA处理极显著提高了鳞片繁殖系数、平均级数和小鳞茎生根数,其中200 mg/kg 的IBA浸泡鳞片2 h为增加小鳞茎数量的最佳处理, 20℃下培养比16℃下培养IBA的作用效果更为显著. 低温贮藏增大了小鳞茎直径. GA3处理有利于形成个体较大的小鳞茎,但在本试验条件下,若只考虑鳞茎大小这一种指标,无须使用植物生长调节剂处理鳞片.
Memory Variance in the Peak Procedure of Timing in Pigeons

Pigeons were rewarded on a fixed-interval (FI) schedule. On occasional unrewarded tests, they usually showed a break-run-break pattern of responding. Across trials, the start of the run correlated positively with the end, suggesting variance across trials in (a) clock speed, (b) the delay to start the clock, or (c) a single criterion time used on a trial. If variance in criterion time exists, then a task in which the start and the end of the run are based on independent criterion times should produce a reduced start-end correlation. In 2 such tasks, the start-end correlation dropped to near zero, although other correlations were comparable to those found in the standard FI task
Goal-Based Scenarios

Schank argues that educational systems (for schools or business)should be redesigned so they consist of goal-based scenarios (GBS). The intent of a GBS is to provide motivation, a sense of accomplishment and a support system for the student, along with a focus on skills rather than facts. Goal-based scenarios allow students to pursue well-defined goals that they can recognize and understand. These goals must be of inherent interest to the student, and the skills needed to accomplish them must be used by the student in pursuit of the goal in question. The key is to embed instruction inside a student-developed need-to-know situation. When students want to know something to help them in a task they will be determined to learn what they need to know. Subjects such as cost accounting or geography should never be taught separately, but rather introduced within the context of a GBS to assist the student in successfully meeting the goals established by the scenario. Specific examples of GBSs for both schools and business training are provided.
Incidence of Phytoparasitic Nematodes in Vegetable Crops Grown Under Protected Cultivation in Himachal Pradesh

The faunistic survey was conducted to determine the status of phytoparasitic nematodes associated with vegetable crops (French bean, cucurbits, tomato, crucifers and potato) under polyhouse conditions. About 81 polyhouses from 52 localities of different districts of Himachal Pradesh were surveyed. Study revealed the presence of different genera of plant parasitic nematodes viz. Meloidogyne sp. , Pratylenchus sp. , Helicotylenchus sp. , Mesocriconema sp. , Tylenchorhynchus sp. and Hoplolaimus sp. Out of these nematodes Meloidogyne incognita was predominant with population range (37–2547/200cc soil) followed by Helicotylenchus dihystera (28–838/200cc soil), Pratylenchus coffeae (30–540/200cc soil) and Mesocriconema xenoplax (30–260/200cc soil) respectively. Nematode species were most prevalent in tomato, cucurbits and capsicum. M. incognita was found to be most alarming. The tomato-cabbagecowpea and tomato-cucumber-mustard were found to have maximum suppressive effect on M. incognita.
Prognostic Significance of Combined Platelet Distribution Width and C-Reactive Protein Score in Esophageal Cancer

Background/Aim: The platelet distribution width (PDW) and serum C-reactive protein (CRP) levels are known to be predictive of prognosis in various malignancies. Our aim was to determine whether combining PDW and serum CRP levels produces a prognostic indicator for esophageal cancer (EC) patients. Patients and Methods: A total of 168 EC patients who underwent neoadjuvant therapy prior to esophagectomy were included in this study. Results: We defined a combined PDW and CRP (CPC) score as follows: patients with both low pretherapeutic PDW (≤12.4 fl) and high postoperative serum CRP levels (≥0.5 mg/dl) were assigned a score of 2, while patients with one or neither of those were assigned a score of 1 or 0. A multivariable analysis showed that the CPC score was a significant risk factor for overall (p=0.006) and recurrence-free (p=0.004) survival. Conclusion: The CPC score is a strong prognostic indicator in EC patients.
Expression Analysis of Tyrosine Phosphatase Genes at Different Stages of Renal Cell Carcinoma

Background: Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is a common urological cancer, and its risk correlates with environmental factors such as obesity, smoking and hypertension. Microarray technology enables analysis of the expression pattern of the whole phosphatome, members of which are involved in many cellular pathways and may act as either tumour suppressors or oncogenes in cancers. Materials and Methods: We analysed data for the expression level of 87 out of 107 known protein phosphatase genes included in the Hugo Gene Nomenclature Committee Website for 72 RCC tissues and paired healthy tissues obtained from the GEO Database. Results: Our analysis revealed overexpression of DUSP1, DUSP4, PTP4A3, PTPRC and PTPRE genes at all examined stages of RCC. Moreover, we found overexpression of PTPN12 at stage 2, overexpression of CDKN3 at stages 3 and 4, and overexpression of DUSP10 and PTPN22 at stages 2, 3 and 4. Lower expression of DUSP9, PTPR9 and PTPRO was also observed at all stages. Conclusion: Significant changes in expression patterns of protein tyrosine phosphatase genes confirm the involvement of this group in crucial carcinogenesis pathways underlying RCC. Thus, we postulate that protein tyrosine phosphatases play an important role in RCC promotion and progression, and may be considered as potential therapeutic targets.
Human NK-92 Cells Function as Target Cells for Human NK Cells – Implications for CAR NK-92 Therapies

Background/Aim: Recent studies indicate that chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T-cells seem to be superior to CAR modified NK-92 cells. One, at least partial, explanation to this discrepancy has been addressed herein, by having NK-92 cells as target cells in cytotoxicity reactions using peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Materials and Methods: A time-resolved fluorometric assay (TDA-labeled NK-92 or K562 as target cells) was used for measuring the cytotoxic activity of blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). Results: The cytotoxic capacity of the NK-92 cells was initially demonstrated by their ability to efficiently kill K562 cells. Interestingly, having PBMC as effector cells rendered the very same NK-92 cells sensitive to NK-cell mediated cytolysis. A 1:100 target:effector ratio gave 34.1% lysis compared to 72.2% lysis for K562 cells. Incubating PBMC for longer times (24 up to 48 h) potentiated their NK-activity against NK-92 cells even more, reaching a level close to that obtained with K562 cells. Conclusion: This study pinpoints a severe problem that has to be considered in future immune-based cancer therapies with NK-92 as well as CAR-transduced NK-92 cells.