Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Chemical characterization of soil organic matter in differents management practices in the Cerrado-Pantanal ecotone

Different land uses and occupations have a direct impact on edaphic attributes, which can be identified by soil quality indicators, with organic matter being an excellent edaphic quality indicator. The objective of the work was to chemically characterize soil organic matter (SOM) in different management systems in the municipality of Aquidauana, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. Soil samples were collected in five areas with different management practices, in addition to an area of native Cerrado forest (NF), and the managed areas were: exposed soil (ES), conventional tillage system (CTS), no-tillage (NTS), permanent pasture (PP) and sugarcane (SC). In addition to the determination of bulk density (Bd), total organic carbon (TOC) contents and stocks were quantified, as well as carbon (C) contents and stocks of the humified fractions: humic acid (AH), fulvic acid (AF) and humin (HUM), with subsequent calculation of HA/FA and alkaline extract/humin (AE/HUM) and TOC stratification index (SI). There were no significant changes for Ds after six years of implementation of management systems. TOC levels and stocks were higher in PP and NTS areas. The HUM fraction was predominant, with higher contents and stocks of all fractions for the PP and NTS areas, demonstrating the greater intensity of the humification process in these management systems, with greater stability of C in the soil after six years of experiment. The PCA indicated a difference between the areas that present conservation practices in the ES and CTS areas. The NF, NTS, PP and SC areas contribute to SOM stabilization.
A New Species of Neoglyptatelus (Mammalia, Xenarthra, Cingulata) from the Late Miocene of Uruguay Provides New Insights on the Evolution of the Dorsal Armor in Cingulates

Abstract. The genus Neoglyptatelus Carlini, Vizcaíno and Scillato-Yané has been considered a member of Glyptatelinae, a group encompassing the purportedly basal-most glyptodonts. It is up to now represented by two species from Colombia: Neoglyptatelus originalis Carlini, Vizcaíno and Scillato-Yané, from the middle Miocene (a carapace fragment, isolated osteoderms and postcranial bones), and Neoglyptatelus sincelejanus Villarroel and Clavijo, from the middle or late Miocene (a partial carapace and a caudal armor). More scarce material assigned to this genus was recovered from the late Miocene of Uruguay and Brazil. In this article, we describe a new species, Neoglyptatelus uruguayensis, from the late Miocene Camacho Formation, Uruguay, based on an almost complete carapace and several postcranial bones. We conducted a phylogenetic analysis based on 167 morphological characters (23 new ones and 144 from previous analysis) scored for 19 taxa, encompassing some of the best known glyptodontid genera, one pampathere and four armadillos (including the enigmatic genus Pachyarmatherium Downing and White). In the most parsimonious tree that was obtained, Neoglyptatelus forms a clade with Pachyarmatherium (Pachyarmatheriidae), which is the sister group of the glyptodonts + pampatheres clade; consequently, it is not a glyptodont, as previously believed. This result, together with the known stratigraphic and geographic distribution of Neoglyptatelus and Pachyarmatherium, suggests that this new cingulate clade originated in South America and that Pachyarmatherium reached North America during the Plio—Pleistocene. The carapace of Neoglyptatelus and Pachyarmatherium comprises pelvic and scapular shields overlapping each other without separate intervening transverse mobile bands, an arrangement that differentiates both genera from the remaining cingulates.
Individual and Community-Related Barriers Influencing the Utilization of Cervical Cancer Treatment in Selected Hospitals in Abeokuta South, Ogun State, Nigeria

Cancer is one of the most dreadful diseases, especially in poor countries of the world. This study sought to identify perceived barriers influencing the utilization of cervical cancer treatment in some selected hospitals in Abeokuta South, Ogun State Nigeria. This research study adopted a survey research design to explain the barriers affecting the utilization of cervical cancer treatment among women in some selected hospitals in Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria. Purposive sampling technique was used to gather data from 79 participants comprising 40 patients and 39 carers from 3 health facilities in Abeokuta South Local Government Area of Ogun State. The instrument used for this study was a structured validated questionnaire. The research instrument was divided into three (3) sections, each comprising the perceived individual and community barriers. Data gathered were analysed using descriptive statistics including frequency, percentages, mean and standard deviation. There was composite influence of individual, community, institutional and policy perceived barriers on utilization of cervical cancer treatment (F4,74=9.973; p<0.01). 31.5% of variance in cervical cancer treatment utilization was significantly jointly attributable to individual, community, institutional and policy perceived barriers (r2=.315; F4, 74=9.973; p<0.01). From the results gathered, the study vividly agreed to the individual and community barriers influencing cervical cancer treatment utilization. Individual and community barriers limiting access to cervical cancer treatment measures are the major factors to be considered if people should shift from vague and risky traditional disease treatment approach to orthodoxy with well-known scientific proof and minimal risk. Ministries of Health, Donor Agencies and all stakeholders should as a matter of urgency invest more in educating the public as well as carers on the workings, effectiveness and new development on the treatment of cervical cancer. Keyword: Barriers, Cervical Cancer, Community, Individual, Treatment Utilization.
Clumped isotope evidence for episodic, rapid flow of fluids in a mineralized fault system in the Peak District, UK

We have used clumped isotope thermometry to study a fault-hosted hydrothermal calcite vein associated with the Mississippi Valley Type (MVT) mineralization on the Derbyshire Platform in the southern Pennines, UK. This is the first published dataset obtained using a new mass spectrometer, MIRA, optimized for clumped isotope analysis and an associated clumped isotope–temperature calibration. We analysed multiple generations of vein growth at high spatial resolution in two transects across the vein. The vein grew episodically at temperatures between 40 and 100°C. We interpret each episode of growth as being associated with an increasing flux of formation waters from deep sedimentary basins next to the mineralized platform and an accompanying increase in the precipitation temperatures. Heat is conserved in the fluid as it ascends along the fault surface and, thus, flow must have been fast and restricted to short-lived pulses. The flux could have been driven by high pore pressures associated with rapid sedimentation, hydrocarbon generation and diagenesis in the basinal facies of the Visean Bowland–Hodder group. Natural hydraulic fracturing of shale units and failure of capillary seals, possibly triggered by uplift, allowed the release of fluids into aquifers within the sediment pile. The transmission of high pore fluid pressures from the shales to the fault zone, aided by the compressibility of the gas phase in two-phase pore fluids, may have resulted in fault rupture, accompanied by enhanced fracture permeability and rapid fluid flow. Vein growth ceased as pore pressures dissipated. Such behaviour is closely related to a seismic valve type model for mineralization. Supplementary material: Details of the methods and equipment are available at https://dx.doi. org/10.6084/m9.figshare. 3808329.v9
The Perceptions of Teachers Regarding Digital Literacy and The English Teaching Learning Process

The study intends to show how teachers perceive their students' progress in studying English during and after the pandemic and their digital literacy abilities. The research was conducted utilizing a case study qualitative methodology, which involved interviewing four English instructors at private junior high schools in Bandung City in addition to surveying a population and a sample of 15 English teachers. The study's findings demonstrate that: 1) The teacher can effectively convey the fundamentalsof digital literacy, including its components—understanding, skills, and initiatives to raise awareness and proficiency—in these areas. 2) The teacher can adequately describe the process of learning English during a pandemic, taking into account the learning design, problems, and benefits of learning during a pandemic, as well as the effects of digital literacy on the process. 3) The teacher is able to plan the English learning process that will take place once the pandemic is over, taking into account learning challenges after the pandemic, the effects of digital literacy on the learning process after the pandemic, and the effects of learning during the pandemic on the learning process after the pandemic.
Do Powerful CEOs Benefit Firm Performance in Pakistan?

Manuscript type: Research paper Research aims: This study examines the impact of Chief Executive Officer (CEO) power dimensions on firm performance. Design/Methodology/Approach: A panel data of 110 Pakistani firms listed on the Pakistan Stock Exchange for the period of 12 years (2008- 2019) was analysed using the GMM approach. Research findings: The GMM regression results revealed significant relationships. The analysis suggests that CEOs with considerable structural, ownership, prestige, and expert power tend to exhibit superior performance, as these factors are positively correlated with firm performance. Conversely, CEO family power appears to have no discernible impact on firm performance. Importantly, the robustness of our findings underscores the consistent nature of these relationships. Theoretical contribution/Originality: This study makes a valuable contribution to the existing literature by demonstrating the positive influence of CEO power on firm performance, which aligns with the theoretical framework of the Approach/Inhibition theory of power. The originality of this research stems from its examination of individual dimensions of CEO power and their impact on firm performance, as well as the inclusion of the additional dimension of family power. Practitioner/Policy implication: The insight from this study suggests that powerful CEO leadership is beneficial for firm performance and the concentration of power at the CEO position should be seen positively rather than the negative perspective provided by agency theory.
Oxidative Stress after on-Pump Cardiac Surgery in Patients with Preoperative Renal Dysfunction

Background: Renal dysfunction is a global health burden with a rising prevalence and increased morbidity and mortality. Since the complex and multifactorial pathophysiology of this disease and its consequences is not entirely understood, novel mechanisms are currently under investigation, one being oxidative stress. Malondialdehyde is a product of lipid peroxidation and has been widely utilised as an indirect biomarker of oxidative stress. The aim of this study was to investigate the perioperative oxidative stress in patients with preoperative renal dysfunction undergoing on-pump cardiac surgery. Methods: In 115 patients scheduled for on-pump cardiac surgery, serum concentrations of malondialdehyde were obtained pre-, intra- and postoperatively. The patients were enrolled into two study groups regarding their preoperative renal function, and the malondialdehyde concentrations were compared between the study groups. Results: Patients with preoperative renal dysfunction were older and had a higher mean EuroSCORE II score. On postoperative days 1, 2 and 3, the serum malondialdehyde levels were significantly higher in patients with preoperative renal dysfunction compared to those with normal kidney function. Using regression analysis, preoperative renal dysfunction was shown to be an independent predictor of higher postoperative malondialdehyde levels at all tested time points. Conclusions: In a pioneering study correlating cardiopulmonary bypass and oxidative stress biomarker malondialdehyde, patients with preoperative renal dysfunction were found to exhibit more pronounced and prolonged oxidative stress resulting in protracted lipid peroxidation in the early postoperative period compared to patients with normal kidney function.
Effect of environmental factors on seminal microbiome and impact on sperm quality

Objective This review provides a comprehensive overview of the existing research on the seminal microbiome and its association with male infertility, while also highlighting areas that warrant further investigation. Methods A narrative review was conducted, encompassing all relevant studies published between 1980-2023 on the male reproductive tract microbiome in humans. This review considered studies utilizing culture-based, polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based, and next-generation sequencing (NGS)-based methodologies to analyze the microbiome. Data extraction encompassed sample types (semen or testicular tissue), study designs, participant characteristics, employed techniques, and critical findings. Results We included 37 studies comprising 9,310 participants. Among these, 16 studies used culture-based methods, 16 utilized NGS, and five employed a combination of methods for microorganism identification. Notably, none of the studies assessed fungi or viruses. All NGS-based studies identified the presence of bacteria in all semen samples. Two notable characteristics of the seminal microbiome were observed: substantial variability in species composition among individuals and the formation of microbial communities with a dominant species. Studies examining the testicular microbiome revealed that the testicular compartment is not sterile. Interestingly, sexually active couples shared 56% of predominant genera, and among couples with positive cultures in both partners, 61% of them shared at least one genital pathogen. In couples with infertility of known causes, there was an overlap in bacterial composition between the seminal and vaginal microbiomes, featuring an increased prevalence of Staphylococcus and Streptococcus genera. Furthermore, the seminal microbiome had discernible effects on reproductive outcomes. However, bacteria in IVF culture media did not seem to impact pregnancy rates. Conclusion Existing literature underscores that various genera of bacteria colonize the male reproductive tract. These organisms do not exist independently; instead, they play a pivotal role in regulating functions and maintaining hemostasis. Future research should prioritize longitudinal and prospective studies and investigations into the influence of infertility causes and commonly prescribed medication to enhance our understanding of the seminal microbiota’s role in reproductive health.
The Protein Acetylation after Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury: Mechanisms and Therapeutic Opportunities

Spinal cord injury (SCI) leads to deficits of various normal functions and is difficult to return to a normal state. Histone and non-histone protein acetylation after SCI is well documented and regulates spinal cord plasticity, axonal growth, and sensory axon regeneration. However, our understanding of protein acetylation after SCI is still limited. In this review, we summarize current research on the role of acetylation of histone and non-histone proteins in regulating neuron growth and axonal regeneration in SCI. Furthermore, we discuss inhibitors and activators targeting acetylation-related enzymes, such as α-tubulin acetyltransferase 1 (αTAT1), histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6), and sirtuin 2 (SIRT2), to provide promising opportunities for recovery from SCI. In conclusion, a comprehensive understanding of protein acetylation and deacetylation in SCI may contribute to the development of SCI treatment.
Fungal Endophthalmitis: Clinical Characteristics, Pathogens, and Factors Affecting Visual Outcome

Aims: The aims of this study are to investigate the etiology, microbiological spectrum, and risk factors associated with visual outcomes of fungal endophthalmitis (FE) in a tertiary eye specialty hospital in Shanghai, China. Methods: This was a retrospective, single-center case series. The clinical characteristics, etiology, microbiological spectrum, and management, as well as the visual outcomes, were analyzed. Logistic regression was used to analyze the factors related to visual outcomes. Results: This study involved 102 eyes of 92 patients with FE, including 63 males (66.3%). The mean age was 44.4 ± 19.8 years. The most common etiology of FE was trauma (56.5%). The predominant fungal species isolated were Aspergillus spp. (31/93, 33.3%). Pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) and intravitreal antifungal agents was performed initially in 86 (84.3%) and 83 (81.4%) eyes, respectively. Only 35 (34.3%) eyes achieved final best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) of 20/400 or better. Ten (9.8%) eyes had a final BCVA of light perception or worse, and five (4.9%) had to be enucleated. The factors determining better visual outcomes included initial visual acuity better than finger-counting (FC) (odds ratio (OR) 5.811, p = 0.036), the absence of corneal infiltrate (OR 10.131, p = 0.002), and Candida species infection (OR 6.325, p = 0.011). Conclusions: Early diagnosis of FE and a timely vitrectomy, combined with an intravitreal injection of an antifungal drug, can mitigate the devastating results of intraocular fungal infection. Not being infected by Aspergillus spp. , an initial BCVA that was no worse than FC, and the absence of corneal involvement were related to better visual prognosis.
Knowledge Readiness of Head Teachers to Implement Inclusive Education Policies for Learners with Visual Impairments in Primary Schools of the North West Region of Cameroon

Purpose: This study investigated the Knowledge readiness of head teachers to implement inclusive education policies for learners with visual impairments in primary schools in the North West Region of Cameroon. Given that inclusion, equity and social justice are emerging trends in education, there is need for headteachers and teachers to be ready to change the quality of services they offer in school. The main purpose of this study was: to find out how ready head teachers are in terms of knowledge of inclusive education legislation and its effect on inclusive education practices for learners with visual impairments in primary schools. Materials and Methods: Methodology adopted was a mixed research approach, a sequential explanatory design was used in the study, both probability and non-probability sampling techniques were employed to sample a population of 374 teachers and head teachers from different primary schools in divisions of the North West Region of Cameroon. The research instruments were questionnaire and interview guide and the data was analysed using SPSS version 20, while qualitative data was analyzed thematically. Data were presented on tables and charts using frequencies, mean, standard deviation and levels of significance. Findings: Findings brought to light that, 56.7% of head teachers have knowledge on inclusive education legislation, 45% of teachers have knowledge on inclusive education legislation and knowledge on inclusive education legislation has a significant effect on inclusive education practices for learners with visual impairments in primary schools at the level of significance of 0.000. Implications to Theory, Practice and Policy: From these findings recommendations were made to the government for teacher training to be made inclusive and provide continuous professional development and capacity building for teacher, also financial and material supported should be provided for implementation of inclusive education as stated in the policies.
Evaluating the Causal Effects of Low Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Levels on Ischemic Stroke: A Mendelian Randomization Study

Background: Ischemic stroke (IS) is the leading cause of disability and mortality worldwide. Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels hadno potential risk on ischemic stroke. However, higher LDL-C levels were closely related to IS. Based on two antagonistic viewpoints, a Mendelian randomization (MR) study was designed to evaluate the causal effects of LDL-C levels on IS. Methods: Datasets of LDL-C levels and ischemic stroke were acquired from genome-wide association studies (GWAS). Weighted median method was conducted for main analysis, and MR-Egger and inverse-variance weighted (IVW) methods were performed for auxiliary analyses. Heterogeneity and pleiotropic tests were utilized to confirm the reliability of this study. Results: A total of 359 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were associated with LDL-C levels (P < 5 × 10−8) and 337 SNPs were available in ischemic stroke with eliminating outliers. LDL-C levels were significantly associated with ischemic stroke (OR = 1.104, 95%CI = 1.019 - 1.195, P = 1.52 × 10-2). MR-Egger and IVW showed directionally similar estimates (MR-Egger: OR = 1.120, 95%CI = 1.040 - 1.207, P = 3.12 × 10-3; IVW: OR = 1.120, 95%CI = 1.064 - 1.178, P = 1.17 × 10-5). Conclusion: LDL-C levels had causal effects on IS, providing insights into the design of future interventions to reduce the burden of ischemic stroke.
Challenges in Measuring Firearm Prevalence: A Test of Cook's Index Across The Rural–Urban Continuum

iv Chapter 1: Introduction 1 Chapter 2: Literature Review 6 Background Caveats for Firearm Prevalence Research 6 Types of Data for Firearm Prevalence Research 10 Surveys 12 Non-Survey Data 22 Inferring From The Data 27 Cook's Index 30 Underlying Assumptions of Cook's Index 32 Empirical Studies on Variation in Cook's Index 34 Important Factors Associated with Suicide That May Affect Cook's Index 38 Rural and Urban Places 43 Non-Urban Violent CrimeLess Of It More Poorly Explained 47 RUC and Law Enforcement 50 RUC and Suicide 52 RUC and the History of Gun Control 54 RUC and Attitudes To Firearms 58 RUC and Firearm Use 60 Summary 64 Chapter 3: Theoretical Grounding 68 Cultural Theories 68
The Characteristics of Chest Pain in the Emergency Setting among Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease

Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is considered a major public health issue, not only due to the possibility of progressing to end-stage renal disease but also because it is closely related to the development of acute coronary syndrome (ACS). It is still unclear in the literature whether individuals with renal dysfunction present particularities in the clinical manifestations during acute myocardial infarction, similar to individuals with diabetes. Aims: To evaluate the characteristics of clinical manifestations in patients with CKD and ACS. Methods: The Chi-square test and Student's t-test were used to analyze the profile of patients with coronary syndrome and renal disease who were admitted for chest pain at the analyzed hospital. Results: The majority of individuals with renal disfunction present highly suspicious characteristics, with statistical significance by presenting a p-value equal to 0.01 and a 95% confidence interval (0.04-0.14). Conclusion: Individuals with kidney disease predominantly exhibit highly suspicious clinical manifestations for acute coronay syndrome.