Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Teach

Teaching has attracted growing research attention in studies of human and animal behavior as a crucial behavior that coevolved with human cultural capacities. However, the synthesis of data on teaching across species and across human populations has proven elusive because researchers use a variety of definitions and methods to approach the topic. I propose a novel method for the study of teaching behavior to be used across disciplines and populations toward such a synthesis: a teaching ethogram for animal and cross-cultural human research (TEACH). This article compares the results of the TEACH method with interview and time allocation data from the same study populations on Yasawa Island, Fiji. The TEACH method better matches the emic view of teaching as playing a role in children’s learning in Fiji, in contrast to the time allocation method. The TEACH method also produces quantitative data with greater behavioral detail than the other methods. This feature is particularly important for the usefulness of the TEACH method in making broad comparative data possible.
Pesticide retention by inorganic soil amendments

Abstract Pesticide retention by eight inorganic soil amendments, the majority of which are used in turf, was evaluated using a laboratory-based technique with radiolabeled pesticides. Amendments evaluated were derived from various naturally-occurring deposits of zeolites, diatomaceous earths, and fired clays and are intended to provide long-lived, stable, and uniformly sized particles that can contribute favorable water- and nutrient-retention properties to the root zone. Sand, sedge peat, and a Marvyn loamy sand soil (Ap horizon) were included for comparative purposes. Pesticides evaluated included the herbicides imazaquin and oxadiazon and the fungicide/herbicide fenarimol. Pesticide retention was evaluated with a soil solution technique. Amendments evaluated had considerable variation in cation exchange capacity (CEC), effective CEC (ECEC), surface area (SA), and field capacity with lesser variation in particle size distribution and particle density. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that surface texture was variable but frequently rough and porous. Pesticide retention was also variable but generally more than that of sand and frequently equivalent to sedge peat. Only with fenarimol and amendments that had been Ca+2-saturated could retention be correlated with any of the individual physical or chemical parameters that are generally assumed to govern pesticide adsorption, which in this case were CEC and SA. Imazaquin retention by unaltered amendments was correlated only with the products of SA and CEC, and SA and ECEC. Retention of both oxadiazon and fenarimol by unaltered amendments could not be correlated with any individual physical and chemical parameters or products thereof. Pesticide retention by these amendments is probably the cumulative sum of both true adsorption and physical entrapment. Nomenclature: Imazaquin; oxadiazon; fenarimol, a-(2-chlorophenyl)-a-(4-chlorophenyl)-5-pyrimidinemethanol.
A within-statement baseline comparison for detecting lies

To make veracity judgements in individual cases, practitioners may rely on baselining. That is, they may evaluate a statement relative to a baseline statement that is known to be truthful. We investigated whether a within-statement verbal baseline comparison could enhance discriminatory accuracy. Participants (n = 148) read an alibi statement of a mock suspect and provided a veracity judgement regarding a critical two-hour period within the alibi statement. This critical element was either deceptive or truthful and was embedded into an otherwise truthful story. Half of the participants received additional instructions to use the surrounding truthful elements of the statement as a baseline. Instructing participants to make a within-statement baseline comparison did not improve the accuracy of credibility assessments.
Efeito da dotação de rega em cultivares de Kalanchoe blossfeldiana

Com o crescente aumento de consumo de flores e plantas ornamentais de alta qualidade e, a disseminacao das tecnicas de cultivo no meio do agronegocio, aliado a escassez de recursos hidricos, torna-se imprescindivel o conhecimento do manejo adequado da agua de irrigacao, na floricultura. Dentro deste contexto, o presente trabalho tem por objetivo avaliar o efeito de niveis de irrigacao sobre cultivares de Kalanchoe blossfeldiana Poelln em ambiente protegido. O experimento foi conduzido em estufa. O delineamento experimental foi fatorial 4x3, sendo quatro lâminas de irrigacao (100, 80, 60 e 40% da capacidade de vaso - CV) e tres cultivares (Debbie, Gold Jewel e Simone). Foram avaliados, a altura de planta, numero de folhas por planta e area do dossel vegetativo. No final do ciclo, aos 252 dias apos transplante foi determinado o numero de flores por planta e calculado o consumo diario de agua. Determinou-se a eficiencia do uso da agua, pelo quociente obtido entre a produtividade da cultura (em numero de flores por vaso) e a lâmina total de agua aplicada durante o ciclo da cultura, em mm. As variaveis foram submetidas a analise da variância a 5%. Observou-se interacao significativa, apenas, entre os fatores, para a area do dossel, com destaque para a cultivar Gold Jewel na lâmina de 40%. As cultivares Debbie e Simone apresentaram a maior eficiencia no uso da agua, diferindo estatisticamente da variedade Gold Jewel. Conclui-se que a lâmina com 40% da CV e suficiente para atender a demanda hidrica das cultivares.
An Examination of Academically Successful Secondary School Students’ Aspirations with Regard to Potential Human Capital Flight (Brain Drain)

The main goal of this study is to determine the extent to which academically successful students studying in secondary schools in Turkey that only accept students scoring in extremely high (94th-99th) percentile on standardized tests harbor intentions to emigrate from Turkey in the future. In addition, a secondary goal is to examine why they intend to carry out the various academic work, scientific work, cutting-edge technological research, and/or plans, patents, and discoveries related to R & D that they have already designed or plan to do in the future in different countries, i.e. why they intend to emigrate. The study was designed in accordance with qualitative research methods; three different groups were defined in order to obtain three sets of data. The first set of data was collected from 40 students from a school in Ankara that only accepts students who score in the 99th percentile or higher on the LYS-TEOG [LYS=Undergraduate Placement Exam; TEOG= Transition From Primary to Secondary Education Exam), the second set of data was obtained from a total of 98 students from a school that accepts students whose scores range from the 97th to the 99th percentile on the LYS-TEOG, and the third and final set of data was collected from a total of 56 students from a different school, one that accepts students whose scores range from the 94th to the 96th percentile on the LYS-TEOG. NVIVO 11, a qualitative data analysis computer software package, was used during the analysis of the findings; content analysis was the preferred research method. The findings of the study indicate that a large percentage of the most academically successful students in Turkey intend to emigrate as a direct result of the lack of trust in their own country, non-merit-based hiring standards & administrative decisions, the perception that science and research are not highly valued in Turkey, and concerns over the lack of support for workers and researchers alike.
How accurate are coat traits for discriminating wild and hybrid forms of Felis silvestris?

Abstract Hybridisation between domestic cats, Felis catus, and wildcats, Felis silvestris, could lead to the genetic extinction of the latter; therefore, checking hybridisation rates in wild populations is of vital conservation importance. However, detecting hybridisation in the field is particularly challenging. Here, we aim to test the success of morphological-based procedures for discriminating wildcats from their hybrids and domestic cats, against genetic methods. We checked 17 putative Spanish wildcats by using two different classification systems based on coat patterns. None of the putative wildcats analysed in this study seemed to have an admixed genotype. Concordance between genetic and pelage approaches was almost total: only one coat classification produced mixed results with detection of one potential hybrid. Assignment was worse when performed in the field after a rapid examination of coat characters. We conclude that classification systems using coat traits could serve as surrogates of genetic approaches, but only after careful examination of those characters with more discriminatory power. Thus, the control of hybrid populations in the field as a management tool to preserve the genetic identity of wild forms is problematic if based on crude approaches or incomplete classification systems.
Detection of white spot syndrome in cultured penaeid shrimp in Egypt: histopathological observation and polymerase chain reaction

White spot syndrome virus (WSSV) in Egyptian shrimp is poorly understood and there is no available information regarding possible WSSV infection of native shrimp in Egypt. Therefore, the main goal of this work was to diagnosis of WSSV in Egyptian shrimp by histopathological examination and molecular based methods (PCR). A total of 90 shrimp samples showed circular white patches in the cuticle were collected from the local fish markets of high shrimp producing region in three provinces of Egypt. The three regions located at the south coast of Mediterranean Sea, including El-Arish, Dumiatta and Kafr El-sheikh. Histopathological examination of different organs showed intranuclear basophilic inclusion bodies. Single-step PCR results with primers specific for the gene encoding VP28 gave a predicted amplified product at 677 bp. The primer pair designed from WSSV genomic sequence yields a 677 bp fragment by agarose gel electrophoresis.
Exploring the Prescriptive and Descriptive Lost Space in the Setting of Urban Fabrics of Kuala Lumpur

Due to the tension of urban uniformity and environmental setting, what emerges in most patterns of use in the city is lost space that usually ignored as insignificant. They emerge as if by accident during the design process, sometimes, the result of negligence or simply a feature of time flow in the city. To understand the phenomenon of lost space, this research seeks to identify the prescriptive and descriptive character of lost space from the local perception in Kuala Lumpur. This research also investigates the varied forces, circumstances, and the mechanisms that are responsible for their production. A qualitative analysis is made on selected parameters in the theory of lost space, activities, accessibility, connectivity, maintenance, and design. The result indicates that there were various new perceptions of descriptive lost space includes economic and social activity as these are an important strategy for maintaining the vitality and robustness of urban space. It is pro-posed in this paper the need of tools and effective ways of (re)designing a space to be applied in a new context and can act as a resource for urban life by hosting the intervention or alternative uses.
Assessment of Prices and Profitability in Chilli – A Study in Guntur District of Andhra Pradesh

The study was undertaken in Guntur district of Andhra Pradesh to assess the prices and profitability of chilli marketing. The study used both primary and secondary data collection. The elasticity coefficients for area (1.177) and material costs (3.699) were positively significant in CobbDouglas production function. In multiple regression analysis area, expenses on production material and expenses on marketing services were found significantly influencing the income of the farmers. In ARDL model for factors influencing market arrivals of commodities analysis R showed that 73 percent of variation and current prices were found significantly influencing the arrivals of the farmers. In ARDL model factors influencing current prices of commodities analysis R showed that 84 percent of variation and lagged prices (Pt-1 and Pt-2) were found significantly influencing the current price of the farmers. Also price spread analysis of data indicated that majority of farm produce was routed through two marketing channels, Channel-I (producer-trader-wholesalerretailer-consumer) and Channel-II (producer-processor-retailer-consumer). Producer’s share in consumer’s rupee was found to be 80.51%, 76.72% and price spread was `1500.67, `1971.92 for Original Research Article Sowjanya et al.; CJAST, 39(12): 116-126, 2020; Article no.CJAST. 56940 117 Channel-I and Channel-II respectively. Marketing efficiency in channel I and channel II were 3.53, 14.11 and 2.93, 16.87 respectively in Acharya’s and Shepherd’s methods. Low price for the produce at the time of harvest and lack of transportation with scores 78.26 and 63.13 was the most important constraint faced by the farmers.
COURTSHIP ETHOLOGY OF CAROLA'S PAROTIA (PAROTIA CAROLAE)

Abstract Detailed descriptions of behavior patterns are a major objective of ethology, because they serve as the basis for identifying the elements that constitute the behavioral component of the phenotype. In regard to avian courtship displays, the lack of detailed studies has limited the scope of modern ethological investigations. Recent advances in video technology have greatly improved the ability to analyze complex avian behaviors. I examined the ethology of courtship and mating in Carola's Parotia (Parotia carolae) using a modern approach intended to facilitate incorporation into existing bioinformatics databases. The questions addressed are as follows. (1) What are the courtship and mating behaviors of wild Carola's Parotias? (2) How are these behaviors structured? And (3) what are the units that constitute complex patterns of behavior? I used digital video to thoroughly characterize two wild populations of Carola's Parotias in Papua New Guinea. The results present a detailed picture of the species' complex courtship ethology, including description of 20 behaviors and the lower-level structure (or “anatomy”) of male displays, which alone comprise 58 distinct elements. The modular nature of displays is demonstrated through instances in which various units and subunits are used recurrently, differentially employed, and added or deleted. Etología del Cortejo en Parotia carolae
The economic research potentials of the German Socio-Economic Panel study

Abstract We provide a concise introduction to a household-panel data infrastructure that provides the international research community with longitudinal data of private households in Germany since 1984: the German Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP). We demonstrate the comparative strength of the SOEP data in answering economically-relevant questions by highlighting its diverse and impactful applications throughout the field.
Why Are SGLT2 Inhibitors Nephroprotective? Mechanisms of Action And Possible Benefits A Review

Recent researches have demonstrated that SGLT2i (Sodium-Glucose Linked Transporter 2 inhibitors) play a role in preventing the development and progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD). However, these studies have not to look into the mechanisms that justify this progress. In this document, we will approach the physiologic causes of the kidney response to SGLT2i treatment. SGLT2i were firstly designed as physiologic antidiabetic drugs due to its glucose anti-absorptive action in kidneys. Nevertheless, the effect on glucose levels has proved to be modest, so other different ways have to be involved in their renal benefits. After the commercialization of these drugs, their hypouricemic action, antihypertensive effects, and weight loss have been noticed. Although those actions are positive for the kidney, they are mild and hardly could induce a reduction of proteinuria and a kidney function stabilization effect. Other actions such as anti-inflammatory and metabolic could have more importance in the role of SGLT2i. SGLT2i have been shown to reduce hypoxia and fibrosis in the kidney by changing energetic balance and by reducing inflammatory activity. These two mechanisms are closely related to the settlement and progression of CKD. In addition, SGLT2i reduce proteinuria, which is probably the leading contribution of these drugs for renal function stabilization, due in part to its hemodynamic action by reducing intraglomerular pressure (tubule glomerular balance). In conclusion, SGLT2i kidney benefits could hardly be explained by a single effect. In fact, SGLT2i trigger several effects, that taken together explain the kidney improvements that have been described.
Differences in susceptibility to attack by Brevicoryne brassicae (L.) on brussels sprouts

SUMMARY The attack by alate and other forms of Brevicoryne brassicae (L.) and the amount of leaf malformation they caused on each of eighteen varieties or plant breeders' lines of brussels sprout were assessed in both 1967 and 1968 over the first 6 weeks following planting out. The results of the two years agreed closely despite differences in the dates of planting relative to aphid immigration. As a group, the Dutch varieties Roodnerf, Gravendeel, Tribune, Hercules and Castricum Glory were preferred by the incoming alates but suffered less damage than the least preferred inbred line, 3BL, of Cambridge No. 3. Some evidence of antibiosis was obtained, especially from a later experiment with three Cambridge inbred lines. However, in 1969 when there was a high rate of aphid multiplication on six varieties representing sprout types from Holland, Cambridge, Bedford and Ireland, any expression of host non-preference or antibiosis was soon obscured by the development of large aphid infestations and much damage. Under these circumstances, considerable varietal differences in tolerance to attack were found. Irish Elegance sustained most damage yet its most heavily attacked plants supported little more than half of the aphid numbers of equivalent plants of the most tolerant variety Darkmar 21. The Dutch varieties Vremo Inter and Seven Hills were almost as tolerant as Darkmar 21 and recovered quickly from damage. Darkmar 21 also showed high tolerance to attack in 1970, as did the Dutch varieties Rollo, Roodnerf and Stiekema, when large aphid infestations developed on the eight varieties then grown. Lack of plant tolerance to damage appeared to be associated with incurling foliage, a characteristic of Irish Elegance, Cambridge No. 1 and No. 3.
Quantum Crystallography in the Last Decade: Developments and Outlooks

In this review article, we report on the recent progresses in the field of quantum crystallography that has witnessed a massive increase of production coupled with a broadening of the scope in the last decade. It is shown that the early thoughts about extracting quantum mechanical information from crystallographic experiments are becoming reality, although a century after prediction. While in the past the focus was mainly on electron density and related quantities, the attention is now shifting toward determination of wavefunction from experiments, which enables an exhaustive determination of the quantum mechanical functions and properties of a system. Nonetheless, methods based on electron density modelling have evolved and are nowadays able to reconstruct tiny polarizations of core electrons, coupling charge and spin models, or determining the quantum behaviour at extreme conditions. Far from being routine, these experimental and computational results should be regarded with special attention by scientists for the wealth of information on a system that they actually contain.
Clinicopathologic Significance of Galectin-3 and Glucose Transporter 1 Expressions in Colorectal rCance

Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second and third most common cancer in women and men respectively. The molecular prognostic factors that may provide targeted therapy to improve the clinical outcome of patients with colorectal adenocarcinomas would be of great help for patients who are likely to benefit from adjuvant therapies and improve their prognosis. Aim of the work: To investigate the prognostic value of galectin-3 and glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1) expressions in colorectal carcinoma and their relationship to clinicopathological parameters. Methods: Galectin-3 and GLUT1 expressions were evaluated using immunohistochemical staining in 50 patients with colorectal cancer. The relationship between their expressions and clinicopathological factors were analyzed. Results: Galectin-3-positive expression was detected in 44 patients (88%). The incidence of lymph node and distant metastasis in galectin-3 positive cancer was significantly higher than that in galectin-3-negative cases (P =0.001 and P =0.015, respectively). Furthermore, galectin-3 immunoreactivity was significantly associated with tumor size (P =0.001). GLUT1 was expressed in 84% of patients with CRC. GLUT1 expression was significantly correlated with non-mucinous tumor type (P =0.018), poorer differentiation (P = 0.011), lymph node metastasis (P < 0.039), and higher TNM stage (P < 0.007). Conclusion: Galectin-3 and GLUT1 expressions were frequently increased in colorectal adenocarcinomas and significantly associated with poorer clinicopathologic phenotypes. [Hayam E. Rashed, Shimaa A. Ahmed, Mohamed Abdelgawad. Clinicopathologic Significance of Galectin-3 and Glucose Transporter 1 Expressions in Colorectal Cancer. Life Sci J 2015;12(1):162-169]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite. com. 22
Machine learning analyses of methylation profiles uncovers tissue‐specific gene expression patterns in wheat

DNA methylation is a mechanism of epigenetic modification in eukaryotic organisms. Generally, methylation within genes promoter inhibits regulatory protein binding and represses transcription, whereas gene body methylation is associated with actively transcribed genes. However, it remains unclear whether there is interaction between methylation levels across genic regions and which site has the biggest impact on gene regulation. We investigated and used the methylation patterns of the bread wheat cultivar Chinese Spring to uncover differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between roots and leaves, using six machine learning algorithms and a deep neural network. As anticipated, genes with higher expression in leaves were mainly involved in photosynthesis and pigment biosynthesis processes whereas genes that were not differentially expressed between roots and leaves were involved in protein processes and membrane structures. Methylation occurred preponderantly (60%) in the CG context, whereas 35 and 5% of methylation occurred in CHG and CHH contexts, respectively. Methylation levels were highly correlated (r = 0.7 to 0.9) between all genic regions, except within the promoter (r = 0.4 to 0.5). Machine learning models gave a high (0.81) prediction accuracy of DEGs. There was a strong correlation (p‐value = 9.20×10−10) between all features and gene expression, suggesting that methylation across all genic regions contribute to gene regulation. However, the methylation of the promoter, the CDS and the exon in CG context was the most impactful. Our study provides more insights into the interplay between DNA methylation and gene expression and paves the way for identifying tissue‐specific genes using methylation profiles.