Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Genetic diversity and relationships among Prunus cerasifera (cherry plum) clones

Prunus cerasifera (Ehrh.) (cherry or Myrobalan plum) is a diverse species with several recognized subspecies and natural forms. It is used as rootstock or as an ornamental tree, and is considered to be one progenitor of the garden plum (Prunus domestica L.). This study considers the genetic relationships among different P. cerasifera clones, including horticultural cultivars. Twenty nine P. cerasifera accessions of the Prunus Genetic Resources Collection of INRA were analysed using morphological traits, maternally inherited chloroplastic DNA (cpDNA) markers, and biparentally inherited microsatellite (SSR) markers. Ploidy information was obtained by flow cytometry. Multiple factorial correspondence analysis of morphological descriptors shows important differences between some clones, but most of the samples are grouped. Fifteen haplotypes of cpDNA were identified and clustered into three groups after statistical parsimony analysis. SSR markers revealed a total of 74 alleles, with a mean value of 10.6 allel.
Decision-Making Process in the Circular Economy: A Case Study on University Food Waste-to-Energy Actions in Latin America

Economies have begun to shift from linear to circular, adopting, among others, waste-to-energy approaches. Waste management is known to be a paramount challenge, and food waste (FW) in particular, has gained the interest of several actors due to its potential impacts and energy recovery opportunities. However, the selection of alternative valorization scenarios can pose several queries in certain contexts. This paper evaluates four FW valorization scenarios based on anaerobic digestion and composting, in comparison to landfilling, by applying a consistent decision-making framework through a combination of linear programming, Life Cycle Thinking (LCT), and Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). The evaluation was built upon a case study of five universities in Costa Rica and portrayed the trade-offs between environmental impacts and cost categories from the scenarios and their side flows. Results indicate that the landfill scenario entails higher Global Warming Potential and Fresh Water Eutrophication impacts than the valorization scenarios; however, other impact categories and costs are affected. Centralized recovery facilities can increase the Global Warming Potential and the Land Use compared to semi-centralized ones. Experts provided insights, regarding the ease of adoption of composting, in contrast to the potential of energy sources substitution and economic savings from anaerobic digestion.
Assessment of adherence to medication during chronic illnesses in pregnancy

Purpose/Aim: To evaluate adherence to medication in chronic illnesses during pregnancy and to identify factors responsible for non-adherence. Methods: This was a prospective, cross-sectional, questionnaire based study initiated after approval of the institutional ethics committee. Pregnant women suffering from any chronic illness (except HIV) were questioned to evaluate adherence to medication in chronic illnesses during pregnancy and to detect factors responsible for non-adherence using a semi-structured, open-ended questionnaire. Adherence to medication was also assessed using 4-item Morisky's medication adherence scale. Results: Rate of high adherence was significantly more (58.77%) with medications for chronic illness compared to medications for normal pregnancy (15.78%). Majority of women were more concerned about the chronic illness and believed that keeping the chronic illness under control is more important for normal growth of the baby. Unawareness about usefulness of each medicine and forgetfulness were the most common reasons for non-adherence to medications. Not taking prescribed dose was the most common type of non-adherence. Level of adherence positively correlated with level of education while it was inversely related to number of tablets per day. Conclusion: Higher adherence to medications for chronic illnesses during pregnancy is an encouraging finding but at the same time poor adherence to medications for normal pregnancy is a matter of concern. Most of the issues responsible for non-adherence to medication as reported in this study can be resolved to a significant extent by planning and implementing interventions aimed at improving adherence to treatment during pregnancy in which health professionals play a major role.
A review of orange roughy Hoplostethus atlanticus fisheries, estimation methods, biology and stock structure

Orange roughy Hoplostethus atlanticus are unusual fish. They form dense aggregations that have fuelled lucrative fisheries at great depths (600–1 400 m), especially off Namibia, New Zealand and Australia. They are thought to be very long-lived (>100 years, maturity at 22 – 40 years), and to have exceptionally low natural mortality (M = 0.045–0.064 year−1) and slow growth rates (K = 0.055–0.070 year−1). In addition, they spawn large eggs and have low fecundity. These factors combine to make orange roughy highly susceptible to overfishing; most stocks are below 30% of pristine levels. Assessments are obtained from indices of catch rate and trawl, acoustic and egg surveys. Acoustic estimates are the most direct, but are confounded by the species' low target strength (−50 to −53 dB)–attributable to the wax-filled swim bladder. Extracellular wax esters are stored in abundance and comprise mostly mono-unsaturated fatty acids, with low concentrations of the ω-3 fatty acid family. This unusual composition (resultant from the species' diet) ensures neutral buoyancy. Stock separation has been inferred mainly from biological studies, but genetic studies have also found differences among stocks within New Zealand and Australia. Deep-water habitat may be damaged by trawling operations and may take many years to recover, so in some quarters there is a call for a portion of suitable habitat to be set aside for preservation. Although Namibian orange roughy are shallower, smaller and younger than those in other stocks, the Namibian fishery sustained high catches for only a few years before quotas were reduced, from 12 000 to 1 875 tons. Three management lessons are suggested for developing orange roughy fisheries based on the Namibian experience: (1) imposition of catch limits during exploratory fishing; (2) starting the acoustic surveys earlier in the fishery, if possible; (3) greater reliance on trends in catch rate until a survey series has been established.
A scoping review on the influencing factors and development process of professional identity among nursing students and nurses.

BACKGROUND Professional identity (PI) is culturally shaped. It is associated with a sufficient and stable workforce of professionals. China has a relatively low ratio of nursing professionals to its population. AIM This scoping review aims to obtain comprehensive knowledge of the influencing factors and PI development process among nursing students and nurses in China. METHODS A scoping review was conducted. The most common Chinese databases, China National Knowledge Infrastructure and Wanfang Data were searched for publications in Chinese. The databases of EBSCOhost and ProQuest Dissertation & Thesis Global (Full Text) were searched for publications in English. After screening the title and abstract of the articles and further assessing the full text of the articles identified after the initial screening, 53 articles were included for analysis. RESULTS The influencing factors to PI development in nursing were grouped into four dimensions: personal, family, institutional, and social factors. The social factors tended to negatively affect professional identity whereas the factors of the three other dimensions exerted influence in different directions. A framework was established based on PI levels in different career stages of nurses to depict the continuum and dynamic nature of the development process. CONCLUSIONS The PI development in nursing is a dynamic process shaped by multidimensional factors. Changes in policy should be made to reverse the nursing profession stereotype of being an assistant role to medicine.
Testing Pattern Predictions of Sexual Selection: A Frog Example

Some Southeast Asian species of the genus Rana possess an unusual suite of secondary sexual characteristics: fangs, hypertrophied jaw muscles, enlarged heads, and males larger than females. Phylogenetic analysis indicates that these frogs form a monophyletic group. Historical transformation analysis and comparative performance tests suggest that this functional complex evolved as a result of sexual selection. Patterns of dimorphism within the clade were used to test a series of predictions from the sexual selection literature. As predicted, closely related species differed most in their secondary sexual characteristics and sexual selection is likely to produce novelties. Contrary to predictions, more derived taxa did not show a greater degree of sexual dimorphism, sexual dimorphism did not increase with body size, and the evolution of new secondary sexual characteristics did not precede and therefore contribute to the loss of old characteristics.
Initial testing of a cage mill with an incorporated blade system on volunteer canola

Abstract: The Redekop Seed Control Unit™ is an integrated reversible cage mill with a blade system added, but the effects of this addition on harvest weed seed control efficacy and chaff flow are not known. Volunteer canola control when processed by a cage mill with either eight fan blades or four fan blades plus four cutting blades at 5 and 10 Mg h-1 was tested. Blade configuration in combination with chaff feeding rate did not affect volunteer canola control, which remained above 99%. If the blade system allows for reduced energy requirements, it will be a useful development in integrated mill systems.
The potentials of traditional African cultural practices in mitigating overexploitation of wildlife species and habitat loss: experience of Tanzania

Both colonial and post-colonial conservation policies ignored the potential role of traditional African cultural practices in contributing to conservation goals. Recently, there has been a growing global interest in these practices, although recognition in official conservation policies is still minimal in many countries. This global interest is enthused by the reality that although the use of wild species and their habitats remains the foundation for human survival all over the world, there is a huge risk of losing these species. Factors such as rapid human population increase, inadequate local support for conservation policies, limited strategies for survival among local communities and inadequate capacity of the government to fund law enforcement operations against illegal activities subject the species and habitats to unsustainable use. Traditional cultural practices, among other strategies, have promising potential to enhance sustainable resource use and conservation and, therefore, realize the desire for ecological and social sustainability. Using examples and data drawn from different parts of Tanzania, this paper attempts to uncover some of these potentials on which policy-makers and conservationists can capitalize to augment conservation work. The paper begins by reviewing the ecological impacts of two major conservation problems facing Tanzania – species overexploitation and habitat loss. Then the possible advantages of traditional cultural practices (compared to conventional conservation strategies) are outlined. The traditional practices are presented as more cost-effective, more socially acceptable and having minimal risk of failure. Furthermore, the idea of reviving these practices coincides with the philosophy of co-management approaches, which advocate sharing of power, rights and responsibilities between the state and local resource users. This is based on the idea that local communities constitute voices ‘from the ground’ that should be heard. In showing the efficacy of traditional African cultural practices, the paper specifically focuses on four elements: traditional institutions, taboos, sacred sites and totemic species.
Significance of N-Glycosylation and Sialylation of GABA Transporter 1

GABA (γ-aminobutyric acid) is the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system (CNS). GABA reuptake by GABA transporters from the synaptic cleft is one important mechanism in the regulation of GABA activity, whose impairment is involved in the CNS diseases such as Parkinson disease, epilepsy, depression, and Alzheimer disease. The GABA transporter 1 (GAT1) belongs to a family of secondary active systems that are driven by the electrochemical gradients generated by Na+ and Cl− ions, respectively. GAT1 is a glycoprotein possessing three N-glycosylation sites. In this paper, we review our recent results of the biological role of N-glycosylation, peripheral trimming of the N-glycans, and sialylation of GAT1. The cotranslational N-glycosylation, but not the peripheral trimming of N-glycans, is involved in the regulation of the stability and trafficking of GAT1. The GABA uptake activity of GAT1 was found to be regulated by N-glycans. Specifically, the terminal sialic acid residues, the peripheral structures of N-glycans play a crucial regulatory role in the GABA transport process. The negative charge of sialic acids influences the binding of GAT1 to sodium ion, while the structure of sialic acids participates directly in the GABA translocation process of GAT1.
Windmill‐shaped antenna with artificial magnetic conductor‐backed structure for wearable medical applications

This article presents the design of low‐profile single band antenna on flexible substrate material. The proposed antenna is designed on the polyimide substrate with overall size of 30 mm × 30 mm × 0.2 mm. The designed antenna operates in the frequency range of 5.71 to 5.99 GHz with impedance bandwidth of 4.8% and covers the Industrial Scientific Medical band for medical body area network applications. The antenna is enabled by placing artificial magnetic conductor (AMC) with two by two array elements under the ground plane. The AMC structure acts as an isolation for the ground plane and main radiator to reduce back radiation. Compared with literature in the wearable antenna designs, the proposed antenna is compact in structure with high gain of 8.31 dBi with AMC‐backed structure. The specific absorption rate values are observed by placing the antenna on the three‐layered human body model and the observed values are 1.26 and 0.72 W/Kg without AMC and with AMC, respectively. The obtained values are in conjunction with ICNIRP standards, that is, 2 W/Kg should be averaged over 10 g of tissue. The proposed antenna can be used for the smart clothing and wearable electronics applications.
A Multi-Armed Bandit Approach for Test Case Prioritization in Continuous Integration Environments

Continuous Integration (CI) environments have been increasingly adopted in the industry to allow frequent integration of software changes, making software evolution faster and cost-effective. In such environments, Test Case Prioritization (TCP) techniques play an important role to reduce regression testing costs, establishing a test case execution order that usually maximizes early fault detection. Existing works on TCP in CI environments (TCPCI) present some limitations. Few pieces of work consider CI particularities, such as the test case volatility, that is, they do not consider the dynamic environment of the software life-cycle in which new test cases can be added or removed (discontinued), characteristic related to the Exploration versus Exploitation (EvE) dilemma. To solve such a dilemma an approach needs to balance: i) the diversity of test suite; and ii) the quantity of new test cases and test cases that are error-prone or that comprise high fault-detection capabilities. To deal with this, most approaches use, besides the failure-history, other measures that rely on code instrumentation or require additional information, such as testing coverage. However, to maintain the information updated can be difficult and time-consuming, not scalable due to the test budget of CI environments. In this context, and to properly deal with the TCPCI problem, this work presents an approach based on Multi-Armed Bandit (MAB) called COLEMAN (Combinatorial VOlatiLE Multi-Armed BANdit). The TCPCI problem falls into the category of volatile and combinatorial MAB, because multiple arms (test cases) need to be selected, and they are added or removed over the cycles. We conducted an evaluation considering three time budgets and eleven systems. The results show the applicability of our approach and that COLEMAN outperforms the most similar approach from literature in terms of early fault detection and performance.
Lipids and life strategy of Arctic Calanus

Abstract The three Arctic Calanus species, C. finmarchicus (Gunnerus, 1765), C. glacialis (Jaschov, 1955), and C. hyperboreus, are the most important herbivores in Arctic seas in terms of species biomass. They play a key role in the lipid-based energy flux in the Arctic, converting low-energy carbohydrates and proteins in ice algae and phytoplankton into high-energy wax esters. In this paper we review the over-wintering strategy, seasonal migration, stage development, life span, feeding strategy, body size, lipid biochemistry and the geographic distribution of the three dominant Calanus species in Arctic waters. We then relate these parameters to other biotic and abiotic factors, such as the timing of the Arctic phytoplankton and ice algae bloom, sea ice cover and climate variability. We also present new data on fatty acid and fatty alcohol content in the three Calanus species in addition to reviewing the available literature on these topics. These data are analysed for species homogeneity and geographic grouping. The dominance of diatom fatty acid trophic markers in the lipids of Calanus underpins the importance of diatoms as Arctic primary producers, even if dinoflagellates and Phaeocystis pouchetii can also be important food sources for the calanoid copepods. We conclude that the Arctic Calanus species are herbivores, engineered to feed on the Arctic bloom, and that the timing of the bloom is the most important factor in determining the life strategies of the individual species.
Availability of nitrogen in 15N-labeled ruminant manure components to successively grown crops

To improve crop N use efficiency of animal manures, the availability of N in individual manure components must be better understood. This microplot field study quantifies crop offtakes of N in four similar batches of ruminant manure containing 15 N-labeled urine, feces, or straw, or unlabeled components only. The urine and feces were from a sheep first fed unlabeled hay and then 15 N-labeled hay. Manures ( 19 g total N m 2 ) were incorporated into two coarse-textured soils before planting to spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) undersown with perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.). Manures with one 15 N-labeled component were supplemented with unlabeled NH 4 NO 3 (7.3 g N m -2 ), while unlabeled manure was given 15 NH 4 15 NO 3 , Labeled and unlabeled N were determined in the spring barley at maturity and in six cuts of ryegrass taken during the succeeding 2.5 yr. The homogeneity of feces and urine 15 N-labeling was high. Dry matter yields and crop N offtakes were similar in all treatments. Barley (grain and straw) recovered 40, 26, 10, and 6%, respectively of 15 N added with mineral fertilizer, urine, straw, and feces. Weighted mean recovery of the combined manure and fertilizer dressing was 22% of the added 15 N. Crop recovery of urine and feces 15 N was smaller and that of straw 15 N higher than reported in previous studies on individual components, indicating that the N mineralization-immobilization turnover (MIT) of the manure components interacted. In the second and third growth seasons, 2.7 to 4.4% and 1.1 to 2.0% of the 15 N was recovered in grass cuts, respectively. Total recovery ranged from 84 to 95% of the added 15 N, suggesting small N losses from this cropping system.
Spectral Evidence of Squeezing of a Weakly Damped Driven Nanomechanical Mode

Because of the broken time-translation symmetry, in periodically driven vibrational systems fluctuations of different vibration components have different intensities. Fluctuations of one of the components are often squeezed, whereas fluctuations of the other component, which is shifted in phase by {\pi}/2, are increased. Squeezing is a multifaceted phenomenon; it attracts much attention from the perspective of high-precision measurements. Here we demonstrate a new and hitherto unappreciated side of squeezing: its direct manifestation in the spectra of driven vibrational systems. With a weakly damped nanomechanical resonator, we study the spectrum of thermal fluctuations of a resonantly driven nonlinear mode. In the attained sideband-resolved regime, we show that the asymmetry of the spectrum directly characterizes the squeezing. This opens a way to deduce squeezing of thermal fluctuations in strongly underdamped resonators, for which a direct determination by a standard homodyne measurement is impeded by frequency fluctuations. The experimental and theoretical results are in excellent agreement. We further extend the theory to also describe the spectral manifestation of squeezing of quantum fluctuations.
Relative brain size in Australian birds

Abstract Among species, relative brain size (RBS) is correlated with aspects of ecology and behaviour. We analysed patterns of RBS in Australian birds based on 3164 measurements of brain size in 504 species, and provide species-level data for further analysis. Regression slopes calculated both with and without phylogenetic correction are provided for all species and for well-represented orders and passerine families. Patterns of brain-size allometry differ among orders but the evidence for variation among passerine families is equivocal, depending on the method of analysis. These differences are attributable both to absolute differences in RBS corresponding to different regression intercepts and to different regression slopes. Allometric patterns in Australian birds are virtually identical to those reported elsewhere, with large RBS in parrots, cockatoos and owls, and particularly small RBS in galliforms, dromaiids, grebes, swifts and swallows. Our data can be used to generate hypotheses about the drivers of RBS in particular avian groups. For example, small RBS in unrelated aerial foragers suggests that physical constraints may influence the evolution of RBS.
Myelin basic crotein‐specific and TCR Vβ8.2‐Specific T‐cell lines from TCR Vβ8.2 transgenic mice utilize the same Vα and Vβ genes: specificity associated with the Vα CDR3‐Jα region

Our analysis of TCR V gene usage in mice transgenic for the Vβ8. 2 gene has demonstrated that T cells isolated from the spinal cord of these transgenic mice during active experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis were significantly biased for Vα2 expression. This Vα2 bias was noted in T cells derived from the periphery as well but only after stimulation with specific antigen. Thus, spinal cord‐derived pathogenic T cells had already undergone activation and expansion within the central nervous system environment of these mice. As part of an investigation of regulatory function in these Vβ8. 2 transgenic mice, two T cell lines were selected. The first T cell line is encephalitogenic and specific for the dominant myelin basic protein peptide NAc1‐11, while the second T cell line is specific for the Vβ8. 2 protein. Surprisingly, polymerase chain reaction and sequence analysis of the TCR from both T cell lines demonstrated that they utilize identical Vβ, Dβ, Jβ, and Vα gene segments. The only difference found was in their use of the Jα gene segment, indicating that this region of the TCR molecule can play a key role in determining antigen specificity. © 1997 Wiley‐Liss Inc.