Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Online detection of compensatory strategies in human movement with supervised classification: a pilot study

Introduction Stroke survivors often compensate for the loss of motor function in their distal joints by altered use of more proximal joints and body segments. Since this can be detrimental to the rehabilitation process in the long-term, it is imperative that such movements are indicated to the patients and their caregiver. This is a difficult task since compensation strategies are varied and multi-faceted. Recent works that have focused on supervised machine learning methods for compensation detection often require a large training dataset of motions with compensation location annotations for each time-step of the recorded motion. In contrast, this study proposed a novel approach that learned a linear classifier from energy-based features to discriminate between healthy and compensatory movements and identify the compensating joints without the need for dense and explicit annotations. Methods Six healthy physiotherapists performed five different tasks using healthy movements and acted compensations. The resulting motion capture data was transformed into joint kinematic and dynamic trajectories. Inspired by works in bio-mechanics, energy-based features were extracted from this dataset. Support vector machine (SVM) and logistic regression (LR) algorithms were then applied for detection of compensatory movements. For compensating joint identification, an additional condition enforcing the independence of the feature calculation for each observable degree of freedom was imposed. Results Using leave-one-out cross validation, low values of mean brier score (<0.15), mis-classification rate (<0.2) and false discovery rate (<0.2) were obtained for both SVM and LR classifiers. These methods were found to outperform deep learning classifiers that did not use energy-based features. Additionally, online classification performance by our methods were also shown to outperform deep learning baselines. Furthermore, qualitative results obtained from the compensation joint identification experiment indicated that the method could successfully identify compensating joints. Discussion Results from this study indicated that including prior bio-mechanical information in the form of energy based features can improve classification performance even when linear classifiers are used, both for offline and online classification. Furthermore, evaluation compensation joint identification algorithm indicated that it could potentially provide a straightforward and interpretable way of identifying compensating joints, as well as the degree of compensation being performed.
Autonomous generation of alluvial fans in landscape evolution models

We develop a robust and simple rule‐based algorithm to autonomously simulate alluvial fan deposition and evolution under continuously developing landscape conditions without prescribing deposition locations or imposing topographic constraints. Augmented with this algorithm, landscape evolution models are capable of dynamically detecting locations of potential fan deposition by statistical measures of surface topography and fluvial dynamics, then depositing fan sediments where and when the developed conditions require. To assess the method's efficacy in depositing sediment at a mountain‐valley transition zone characterized by a transport surface that permits unobstructed exit of sediment and water, a hypothetical scenario is created that involves a frontal, normal fault. It is followed by a series of sensitivity analyses to ascertain the influence of parameters affecting fan deposition and secondary processes. Uplift (u) and precipitation significantly impact fan morphological characteristics, which are within the range of real‐world fans. Higher rates of each cause the notable expansion of the fan area except in cases of exceptionally high precipitation rates. Fan area has a power‐law relationship with most of the tested parameters, Af∝u0.94μ0. 31lf−0.14Kmax−0. 65Acβ , where μ is erodibility (lithology), lf and Kmax are fluvial parameters, and Ac is catchment area ( β ~0.9). This study is the first showcasing fan power‐law relationships using numerical modelling. While fan area increases with precipitation, there exists a threshold beyond which fan area diminishes, and the formation of fans ceases altogether. The algorithm provides a basis for improving mechanistic understanding of fans by offering a robust platform for testing process dominance and scaling. The results demonstrate its applicability for landscape evolution simulation over a long time and broad spatial scales. We also investigate the hydrological significance of including autonomously generated alluvial fans in coupled landscape evolution—hydrology models that focus on groundwater as well as surface water hydrology.
Prosthodontic management in provisionalization of implants in esthetic zone

Introduction: The goal of all dental implant therapy is to maintain the esthetics, function and stability of the restoration and the peri-implant tissues involved in the provisionalization. Objective: To analyze the literature on prosthodontic management of implant provisionalization in esthetic zones such as whether or not to perform immediate loading, emergency profile management, provisionalization techniques and management in esthetically compromised zones. Methodology: PubMed, Scopus and Google Scholar databases were reviewed to find recent articles published on the management of the provisionalization of implants with the following keywords "dental implant", "esthetic dentistry", "emergence profile", "esthetic zone", "interim prosthesis". Results: Whether or not to perform immediate loading will depend on the primary stability of the implant when it is placed and the esthetic requirements of the patient. Emergency profile management is crucial to improve the esthetic result of the final restoration in the esthetic zone and this begins with the placement of the provisional. There are several techniques for the immediate provisionalization of implants, the most popular of which is the provisionalization with a temporary crown previously fabricated in the laboratory. During the implantological intervention in the esthetic zone, the volume of the soft tissues should be maintained as well as their correct conformation around a provisional restoration, if possible. Conclusion: Currently, immediate provisionalization is preferred as long as the implantological intervention allows it. The management of the emergence profile should be taken into account since the conformation of the gingival tissues will start to be established in order to obtain an optimal esthetic result in the definitive restoration.
Geometric properties of the space of Lagrangian self-shrinking tori in ℝ⁴

We prove that any sequence {Fn : Σ→ R4} of conformally branched compact Lagrangian self-shrinkers to the mean curvature flow with uniform area upper bound has a convergent subsequence, if the conformal structures do not degenerate. When Σ has genus one, we can drop the assumption on non-degeneracy the conformal structures. When Σ has genus zero, we show that there is no branched immersion of Σ as a Lagrangian self-shrinker, generalizing the rigidity result of [52] in dimension two by allowing branch points. When the area bound is small, we show that any such Lagrangian self-shrinking torus in R4 is embedded with uniform curvature estimates. For a general area bound, we prove that the entropy for the Lagrangian selfshrinking tori can only take finitely many values; this is done by deriving a ŁojasiewiczSimon type gradient inequality for the branched conformal self-shrinking tori. Using the finiteness of entropy values, we construct a piecewise Lagrangian mean curvature flow for Lagrangian immersed tori, along which the Lagrangian condition is preserved, area is decreasing, and the compact type I singularities with a fixed area upper bound can be perturbed away in finitely many steps. This is a Lagrangian version of the construction for embedded surfaces in R3 in [17]. In the noncompact situation, we derive a parabolic Omori-Yau maximum principle for a proper mean curvature flow when the ambient space has lower bound on `-sectional curvature. We apply this to show that the image of Gauss map is preserved under a proper mean curvature flow in euclidean spaces with uniform bounded second fundamental form. This generalizes a result of Wang [53] for compact immersions. We also prove a Omori-Yau maximum principle for properly immersed self-shrinkers, which improves a result in [8].
Exploring the Relationship between HR Practices and Employee Retention: A Study of Administrative Staff in the Tech Industry

This academic article investigates the relationship between HR practices and employee retention within the tech industry. The study aims to analyze how specific HR practices impact employee retention and provide insights into effective strategies for organizations. The research sample includes 338 administrative staff members from various tech companies. The study employs a quantitative approach, conducting reliability analysis and regression analysis using SPSS to analyze the collected data.
Correlation Between Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus with the Risk of Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Prof. Dr. I.G.N.G. Ngoerah Hospital Denpasar

Background: Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) is part of a complex sleep disordered breathing syndrome. OSA is defined by periods of respiratory events such as apneas, hypopneas, or respiratory effort related arousals during sleep, leading to hypoxia, waking during the night, excessive daytime sleepiness and hindering daily activities. In addition, OSA can also cause various systemic complications and even death. The occurrence of OSA is associated with the presence of metabolic disorders that cause type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM), with as many as 30% patients with OSA also have type 2 DM. The occurence of OSA are often underdiagnosed, especially in high-risk population. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to find out the relationship between type 2 DM with the risk of OSA. Methods: A cross sectional analytic study was conducted from June to August 2022 at Prof. Dr. I.G. N.G. Ngoerah Hospital Denpasar with a total of 80 respondents. The risk of OSA in the respondents was recorded using the Berlin questionnaire. Results: Of the 80 respondents, there were 33 people with a high risk of OSA and 47 people with a low risk of OSA. Respondents with a high risk of OSA were mostly male (78.6%), with the most ages between 51-60 years (53.6%), had type 2 DM (78.6%), and with nutritional status obese I (60.7%). There is a significant relationship between OSA and type 2 DM with a p-value of 0.019 (<0.05), a prevalence ratio of 3.3 with a 95% confidence interval (1.2-9.0), and a correlation coefficient of 0.254. Conclusion: There is a significant relationship between type 2 DM and OSA and is positively correlated. Type 2 DM is a risk factor of OSA, with 3.3 times the risk to develop a high risk OSA compared to patients without type 2 DM.
Diurnal Variations of Satellite-Measured TBB Areal Distribution and Eye Diameter of Mature Typhoons

Geostationary Meteorological Satellite (GMS) observations of diurnal variations of cirrus canopy and eye diameter in mature northwest Pacific typhoons are presented. The variations in cirrus canopy are quantitatively determined by the areal distribution of equivalent black body temperatures (TBB) (10.5-12.5*m, window channel) in the ranges: TBB*-70*, -70*, * TBB*-50*, -50*TBB*30 and -30*TBB*0*. The coldest region has a sharp maximum at 0600-0730LST and a minimum at 1800-2100LST. The maxima in the warmer cloud tops occur some hour later at 1500-1800LST and 2100LST, respectively, as rising the TBB thresholds. Satellite observed eye diameter exhibits a wedge-shaped morning minimum and a plateau-shaped afternoon-evening maximum. The time lagged diurnal variation of areal extent of warmer cirrus clouds, and the out of phase variation of eye diameter compared to the coldest cirrus clouds, is explained as a result of outward and inward expansion of cirrus following an early morning peak in eyewall and spiral band convections. When a typhoon passes over or near to large islands, the total cirrus canopy is reduced in size and a second afternoon peak in area! coverage develops.
Subcritical transition and spiral turbulence in circular Couette flow

Abstract We present new observations of a controlled transition to turbulence in a fundamental but little-studied regime: circular Couette flow with only the outer cylinder rotating. Our apparatus consists of an outer cylinder of fixed radius and three inner cylinders having different radii that are used interchangeably to study the effect of flow curvature. With the smallest inner cylinder the end-cap configuration (vertical boundary conditions) may also be varied. The turbulent transition is found to be sensitive to both gap width and end-cap configuration, with wider gaps transitioning at higher rotation rates. All configurations are observed to transition with hysteresis and intermittency. A laser Doppler velocimetry (LDV)-based study of the azimuthal velocity profile as a function of gap width and rotation rate reveals that turbulence, once initiated, is confined to regions of significant shear. For wider gap widths, the radial location of these shear layers is determined by the chosen end-cap configuration. This, in turn, affects the transition Reynolds number, which we posit to be radially dependent. The narrow-gap case in particular features spiral turbulence, whose properties are found to be similar to observations of the phenomenon in related shear flows. The velocity profile in this case is correlated with overlapping boundary layers, suggesting a coupling mechanism for the origin of laminar-turbulent banding phenomena.
On the number of unobserved and observed categories when sampling from a multivariate hypergeometric population

Consider taking a random sample of size n from a finite population that consists of N categories with Mi copies in the ith category for i = 1, . ,N . Each observed unit in a sample is presumed to have a probability 1 − p (0 < p < 1) of getting lost from the sample. Let S denote the number of categories not observed in the sample and Sj denote the number of categories where j samples are observed for j = 1, . , n. In this paper, the probability distribution and factorial moments of S and Sj are studied. A matrix inversion algorithm is used in order to facilitate numerical computations in obtaining the probabilities and factorial moments. A couple of examples of the problem considered in this paper may include a filing or storage process, where objects are randomly assigned to files or storage bins, and from time to time, objects may be missing or have disappeared, species as categories in a capture-recapture problem, or DNA sequence study.
Attitudes and Practices of the Public Toward Precautionary Measures Post-COVID-19 Pandemic in Saudi Arabia

Objective This study aimed to assess the practices and attitudes of the general population towards coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID)-19 after the removal of precautionary and preventive measures in Saudi Arabia. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted among the general population in all regions of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, from September 2022 to October, 2022 via a virtual survey to evaluate the practices, and attitudes of the general population towards COVID-19. A stratified random sampling technique was applied to collect the sample with inclusion criteria for all individuals who are Arabic language speakers using social media platforms. The individuals selected for this study were 18 years and older. Results A total of 2406 responses were received for the study questionnaire. Most of participants (66.3%) were females aged 18 to 29 years (61.8%). Half of the participants reported a positive history of COVID-19 infection. Nearly 90% of participants still wear masks, 80% attended a crowded event, and 60% often wash their hands even though the Saudi government has erased the precautions. Females, young (30–39 years) and elderly (60 years and over) individuals, singles, those with a postgraduate degree, those who are employed, and healthcare workers were more likely to adhere to COVID-19 precautionary measures (p<0.05). Conclusion The study’s findings indicate that most of the population discontinued practicing precautionary measures after lifting the measures in Saudi Arabia. More public health initiatives should raise the scores of sanitary best practices to prevent the spread of viral illnesses.
Electro-optical properties of photo-aligned photonic ferroelectric liquid crystal fibres

ABSTRACT Electro-optical and spectral studies of isotropic photonic crystal fibre (PCF) infiltrated with photo-aligned ferroelectric liquid crystal (FLC) under influence of external electric field are described. Desired alignment of FLC molecules is provided by generation of photo-aligning surface on the inner side of PCF structure. Propagation of light spectrum, as well as light attenuation have been investigated in details. Moreover, the electro-optical response times were measured and analysed. Graphical Abstract
Coherent random lasing from liquid waveguide gain layer containing silica nanoparticles

A unidirectional coherent random laser is constructed by a sandwich structure consisting of two polydimethylsiloxane plates and a highly transparent ultra-thin liquid active layer embedded with silica nanoparticles (NPs). The optical feedback of the random laser is provided by both strong waveguide confinement and the SiO2 NPs’ multiple scattering. Compared with random laser in a quartz cuvette, the pump threshold is only 700 µJ cm−2. The lowest threshold is obtained in an optimum concentration of silica NPs. The change of peak positions in the liquid waveguide structure is larger than that in the quartz cuvette for different solvents. The peak-shift of the emission wavelength is more sensitive in the liquid waveguide structure, which is a promising platform for bio-chemical and bio-sensing applications.
Fine-Tuning Nonhomogeneous Regression for Probabilistic Precipitation Forecasts: Unanimous Predictions, Heavy Tails, and Link Functions

AbstractRaw ensemble forecasts of precipitation amounts and their forecast uncertainty have large errors, especially in mountainous regions where the modeled topography in the numerical weather prediction model and real topography differ most. Therefore, statistical postprocessing is typically applied to obtain automatically corrected weather forecasts. This study applies the nonhomogenous regression framework as a state-of-the-art ensemble postprocessing technique to predict a full forecast distribution and improves its forecast performance with three statistical refinements. First of all, a novel split-type approach effectively accounts for unanimous zero precipitation predictions of the global ensemble model of the ECMWF. Additionally, the statistical model uses a censored logistic distribution to deal with the heavy tails of precipitation amounts. Finally, it is investigated which are the most suitable link functions for the optimization of regression coefficients for the scale parameter. These three .
Autism Spectrum Disorder is Related to Increasing Intestinal Prevotella That Can Be Regulated by Vitamin A

Background: Increasing studies suggest that the microbiome-gut-brain axis plays a fundamental role in developing autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Objectives: We aimed to explore biomarkers from gut bacteria in ASD and the dietary vitamin A (VitA) relationship with intestinal bacteria of autistic children and provide a theoretical basis for dietary regulation of ASD. Methods: Ten autistic children aged 2 to 6 from special training facilities were enrolled from 2017 to 2018. At the same time, 10 healthy children aged 2 to 6 from a kindergarten were collected as a control. All participants were from Chongqing, China. The 16sRNA amplicon sequencing was used to analyze children's intestinal bacteria. The serum retinol level was detected by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and children's dietary intake was analyzed using three-day 24-hour dietary recalls. Results: There were significant differences in alpha diversity between the groups. Also, a higher relative abundance of Prevotellaceae, Prevotella 9, and Roseburia was observed among ASD children. We also found decreases in 9 bacteria (Enterobacteriales, Gammaproteobacteria, Enterobacteriaceae, Clostridiaceae 1, Clostridium sensu stricto 1, Escherichia-Shigella, Bacteroides fragilis, Escherichia coli, and Clostridium neonatale). Dietary VitA intake and serum retinol concentration were lower in the ASD group than in the control group. Meanwhile, serum VitA had a significantly negative correlation with the abundance of intestinal Prevotella 9. Conclusions: Our study helps identify some bacterial biomarkers for ASD, as in previous reports. Meanwhile, the study suggests that dietary VitA may be involved in the clinical symptoms of ASD by regulating the intestinal bacteria Prevotella. It may provide a new way to treat ASD in the future. Further studies are needed to identify the results by expanding the sample size and developing animal experiments.
Editorial: Possible applications of neuroaesthetics to normal and pathological behaviour

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The current state and potential innovation of fetal cardiac MRI

Fetal cardiac MRI is a rapidly evolving form of diagnostic testing with utility as a complementary imaging modality for the diagnosis of congenital heart disease and assessment of the fetal cardiovascular system. Previous technical limitations without cardiac gating for the fetal heart rate has been overcome with recent technology. There is potential utility of fetal electrocardiography for direct cardiac gating. In addition to anatomic assessment, innovative technology has allowed for assessment of blood flow, 3D datasets, and 4D flow, providing important insight into fetal cardiovascular physiology. Despite remaining technical barriers, with increased use of fCMR worldwide, it will become an important clinical tool to improve the prenatal care of fetuses with CHD.