Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Load-Independent Operation of WPT under Frequency Bifurcation for Battery Charging Applications

In battery charging applications, a wireless power transfer (WPT) system should be deliberately designed to provide a constant output current and a constant output voltage. Therefore, it is necessary to consider the load-independent characteristics. This paper proposes a design approach for both constant current (CC) mode and constant voltage (CV) mode for the series-parallel (SP) topology with zero phase angle (ZPA) operation under the bifurcation phenomenon. Furthermore, the operating mode under the bifurcation phenomenon has an observation ability to monitor the output voltage through the primary current. Therefore, wireless communication and secondary side control are unnecessary in the design. Simulation results have shown that the proposed design method can operate in both CC and CV modes with ZPA operation.
Phytochemical interaction between Coconut, Cocos nucifera L., and perianth mite, Aceria guerreronis Keifer

The present study was carried out to understand the host-mite interaction and the biochemical changes induced in the mite infested coconut nuts during December, 2012November, 2013 at Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore. Biochemical analysis of the mite infested perianth tissues in comparison with healthy perianth tissues were carried out and results revealed that there was significant decrease in moisture content and chlorophyll content to an extent of 15.1 and 23.7 per cent, respectively. Total sugars and total free amino acids showed a significant increase of 12.4, and 83.8 per cent in mite infested tissues, respectively. Similarly pest induced defensive components such as phenols, peroxidase and IAA oxidase enzyme activities were also found to be more with 55.3, 39.2 and 42.9 per cent increase over healthy tissues, respectively. Among the major nutrients tested, nitrogen was found to be 18.9 per cent more in mite infested tissues, on contrast, phosphorus was found be drastically low with 60 per cent decrease due to mite feeding. Significant loss in calcium, magnesium, iron and copper were also observed to an extent of 66.7, 80.0, 51.8 and 18.8 per cent, respectively due to mite infestation.
Thin-Film Magnetic Inductors on Silicon for Integrated Power Converters

This work presents a silicon integrated high-performance thin-film inductor technology with improved magnetic core laminations. The deposition process parameters of the lamination material are tuned to obtain good quality lamination oxide, and its quality is verified by analyzing elemental composition through energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy. Due to the high-quality lamination oxide, a peak quality factor of 21 and inductance to DC resistance (L/RDC) ratio of 425 nH/Ohm are achieved in this inductor technology. These figure of merits represent more than 95% inductor switching efficiency in power converters, and significant improvements in quality factor (Q) and L/RDC compared to other leading technologies.
Real-Time Lane Instance Segmentation Using SegNet and Image Processing

The rising interest in assistive and autonomous driving systems throughout the past decade has led to an active research community in perception and scene interpretation problems like lane detection. Traditional lane detection methods rely on specialized, hand-tailored features which is slow and prone to scalability. Recent methods that rely on deep learning and trained on pixel-wise lane segmentation have achieved better results and are able to generalize to a broad range of road and weather conditions. However, practical algorithms must be computationally inexpensive due to limited resources on vehicle-based platforms yet accurate to meet safety measures. In this approach, an encoder-decoder deep learning architecture generates binary segmentation of lanes, then the binary segmentation map is further processed to separate lanes, and a sliding window extracts each lane to produce the lane instance segmentation image. This method was validated on a tusimple data set, achieving competitive results.
H∞ Optimal Control of DTMB 5415 Combatant Roll Motion with Active Fins

This paper examines control of roll motion of the TDMB 5415 Combatant Warship. For controlling the roll motion, Linear Matrix Inequality (LMI) Based State-Feedback $\mathrm{H}_{\infty}$ Optimal Control is used with Active Roll Fin Stabilizer (ARFS) structures. The mathematical model of the roll motion of the DTMB 5415 Combatant Warship has been developed by references of studies in the literature. Especially, the parameters of the damping term in the equation of the roll motion have been included in the equation by comparing experimental and numerical studies in the literature. In order to provide the required control moment, the suitable ARFS section has been selected and the blade structure has been designed. This paper aims to be a source in the literature in terms of providing a good roll amplitude damping ratio as well as being a full-scope study example in terms of the roll motion of the DTMB 5415 Combatant Warship.
An Accurate and Real-Time Surface Defects Detection Method for Sawn Lumber

Although one-stage detectors, for example, YOLOv3, SSD, and RefineDet, based on the convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have been widely used in object detection, their localization accuracy of the defects is still poor and the problem of repeated detection still occurs. This article proposes a surface defects detection method based on improved YOLOv3 for sawn lumbers. First, a Gaussian YOLOv3 is used to estimate the coordinates and the localization uncertainty of the prediction box. Then, the complete intersection over union (CIoU) loss function is adopted to replace the intersection over union (IoU) loss for non-maximum suppression (NMS), because it considers the overlap area, the center point, and the aspect ratio, and thus can reduce the repeated detection. Finally, this article establishes two data sets, that is, the rubber lumber data set containing four kinds of defects and the pine lumber data set containing two kinds of defects. In total, there are 16 633 images and 6705 annotated images in these two data sets. The effectiveness of the proposed method has been validated by experiments. Our data sets are available at https://github.com/WenHe-Hnu/sawn-lumber-dataset.
Third Harmonic Operation of Current Fed Resonant Inverters for Inductive Power Transfer Systems

This paper presents Third Harmonic Operation (THO) of Current Fed Parallel Resonant Push-pull Inverter (CFPRPI) for Inductive Power Transfer (IPT) systems. THO is proposed for CFPRPI to achieve higher voltage ratio with lower switching frequency, which is essential for low input voltage IPT systems. The IPT system is considered based on PS compensation method, i.e. parallel compensation for the primary side and series compensation for the secondary side. Moreover, a phase-shift control method is presented based self-oscillating tuning loop for output voltage or power regulations. The tuning loop and IPT system are modeled and formulated in THO mode. To verify the validity of the proposed method, a laboratory prototype with resonant frequency of about 120 kHz and maximum output power of about 50 W has been implemented.
Determinants of Heart Rate Recovery and Heart Rate Variability in Lung Cancer Survivors Eligible for Long-Term Cure

Background Lung cancer survivors are at increased risk for autonomic dysfunction. We aimed to identify determinants of parasympathetic nervous system (PNS) function as reflected by heart rate recovery (HRR) and heart rate variability (HRV) in lung cancer survivors eligible for long-term cure. Methods We performed a cross-sectional study of consecutive lung cancer survivors who completed curative-intent therapy for stage I-IIIA ≥1 month previously. We tested a comprehensive list of variables related to baseline demographics, comorbidities, lung cancer characteristics, and physiological/functional measures using univariable and multivariable (MVA) linear regression analyses. We defined HRR as the difference in heart rate (HR) at 1-minute following and the end of the six-minute walk test (6MWT), and HRV the standard deviation of normal-to-normal R-R intervals (SDNN) and root-mean-square-of-successive-differences (rMSSD) from routine single 10-s electrocardiographs (ECGs). Results In 69 participants, the mean (standard deviation, SD) HRR was -10.6 (6.7) beats. In MVAs, significant independent determinants of HRR [β (95% confidence interval)] were: age [0.17 (0.04, 0,30) for each year] and HR change associated with the 6MWT [0.01 (0.007, 0.02) for each beats/min. In 41 participants who had ECGs available for HRV measurements, the mean (SD) SDNN and rMSSD were 19.1 (15.6) and rMSSD 18.2 (14.6) ms, respectively. In MVAs, significant determinants of HRV were: total lung capacity [0.01 (0.00, 0.02), p=0.047 for each % predicted] and HRR [-0.04 (-0.07, -0.003) for each beat] for natural logarithm (Ln-)SDNN; and [0.01 (0.00, 0.02)] and [-0.04 (-0.07, -0.01)] for Ln-rMSSD, respectively. Conclusions We measured determinants of HRR and HRV in lung cancer survivors eligible for long-term cure. HRR and/or HRV may be useful as indicators to stratify patients in interventional studies aimed at improving PNS function in lung cancer survivors, including through exercise training.
Composite deep learning control for autonomous bicycles by using deep deterministic policy gradient

In this paper, we investigate the problem of balance and tracking controller design for an autonomous bicycle subject to unmodeled dynamics, unknown parameters, and unmeasured states. A composite deep learning based control strategy is proposed, comprising of active disturbance rejection control (ADRC) and Deep Deterministic Policy Gradient (DDPG). Different from most conventional approaches that fail to consider path information and depend critically on exact dynamics, the proposed control scheme uses the DDPG algorithm to learn a virtual control action and then employ ADRC to handle uncertainties and stabilize the bicycle. Extensive simulations are conducted to assess the performance of the composite learning method. The results indicate that the bicycle controlled by our method can follow along a predetermined trajectory while maintaining balance.
An Interleaved High Step-Up DC-DC Converter with Low Voltage-Stress on Semiconductors

In this paper, an interleaved high voltage-gain DC-DC converter is proposed and analyzed. Low voltage-stress on semiconductors and low input current-ripple are the main features of this converter. Due to the mentioned features, this converter can be a suitable choice for renewable energy applications. In this structure, a voltage multiplier cell and two output capacitors are implemented to increase the voltage gain. Furthermore, in order to decrease the input current-ripple, two inductors are paralleled in the input side. In this paper, in the steady state analysis, the voltage gain and the voltage stresses across the power semiconductors have been calculated. In addition, the input current-ripple analysis has been presented. Also, the proposed converter has been compared with some related structures. Finally, to prove the theoretical calculations, this converter is simulated in PSCAD/EMTDC software and the results have been investigated.
Dielectric Characterization of Structural and Passivation Films for Flexible CMUT Microfabrication

Polymer-based CMUT microfabrication approaches allow low-cost fabrication of flexible transducers. However, they are characterized by processing limitations mainly related to the low glass transition temperature of polymers, reducing the possible choice of materials that can be used for electrodes and in-cavity passivation layers, the latter having a major impact on transducer performance and reliability. In this paper, we experimentally evaluate the electrical properties of these two materials in terms of dielectric dispersion and losses, and high electric field response with respect to state-of-the-art materials.
Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in domestic cats imposes a narrow bottleneck

The evolutionary mechanisms by which SARS-CoV-2 viruses adapt to mammalian hosts and, potentially, escape human immunity depend on the ways genetic variation is generated and selected within and between individual hosts. Using domestic cats as a model, we show that SARS-CoV-2 consensus sequences remain largely unchanged over time within hosts, but dynamic sub-consensus diversity reveals processes of genetic drift and weak purifying selection. Transmission bottlenecks in this system appear narrow, with new infections being founded by fewer than ten viruses. We identify a notable variant at amino acid position 655 in Spike (H655Y) which arises rapidly in index cats and becomes fixed following transmission in two of three pairs, suggesting this site may be under positive selection in feline hosts. We speculate that narrow transmission bottlenecks and the lack of pervasive positive selection combine to constrain the pace of ongoing SARS-CoV-2 adaptive evolution in mammalian hosts.
Multiscale detrended cross-correlation of EEG and RR intervals during focal epilepsy

To evaluate the interaction between epilepsy-related brain activities and heart rate dynamics, we analyze electroencephalogram (EEG) and heart rate variability (HRV) using detrended moving-average cross-correlation analysis (DMCA) for pre- and postictal periods in subjects with focal epilepsy. The DMCA was applied to the 5 min. long periods of heart beat-to-beat intervals and power spectral density time series, located 5 and 10 min. before and after seizures. Statistically significant differences were found in the cross-correlation in δ (0.5–4 Hz) band for the periods before and after seizure, which shows the correlative coupling between RR intervals that δ band activity is changing while approaching to and after the epileptic seizure, that suggests the presence of nonlinear mechanisms of interactions between low-band EEG and RR intervals in observed periods of brain and heart activity in epilepsy. In contrast, no statistically significant changes could be observed while comparing brain-heart coupling in preictal periods. The wide scatter of distributions of all frequency bands in periods before epileptic seizure suggests that the multiscale cross-correlation coefficient is highly subject dependent and needs further subject-specific analysis for this particular period with longer time series.
Molecular Characterisation of Bacteria Isolated from Various Part of Chicken (Gallus gallus domestica) Meat

Aims: To investigate the types of bacteria found in the different parts of Chicken meat using biochemical and molecular techniques. Study Design: Poultry birds were bought and processed in the respective markets by the butchers. Four parts of the poultry meat were minced and placed in sterile bottles which were taken to the lab for analysis. The control was bought and processed in the laboratory. Place and Duration of Study: The Mile three and Mile one markets which are amongst the major markets in Port Harcourt metropolis, Rivers State, Nigeria were the area under study. The study duration was for three months. Methodology: Ten gram of four parts (intestine, gizzard, muscle and skin) each was weighed and transferred into test tubes containing 90ml sterile normal saline. Subsequent 10-fold serial dilution was carried out and aliquots of preferred dilutions were inoculated unto Nutrient and MacConkey agar (TM media, India) plates. Incubation for 24 hours at 37°C followed. Resulting colonies were enumerated and distinct colonies were subcultured to get pure isolates followed by biochemical tests to identify the isolates. The boiling method of extraction was used in extracting the DNA of the Original Research Article Wemedo et al.; AFSJ, 6(1): 1-11, 2019; Article no.AFSJ. 45411 2 various isolates. rRNA genes of the isolates were amplified using the 27F and 1492R universal primers on a ABI 9700 Applied Biosystems thermal cycler at a final volume of 25 μl for 35 cycles. Results: The total heterotrophic load of the skin ranged from 0.2×108 to 5.5×108 Cfu/g. the bacterial load of the muscle, intestine and gizzard ranged from 0.0×108 to 1.0×108 Cfu/g; 1.2×108 to 2.9×108 Cfu/g and 1.7×108 to 2.0×108 Cfu/g. The coliform load of the skin ranged from 0.2×105 to 2.2×105 Cfu/g, while the total coliform of the muscle, intestine and gizzard ranged from 0.1×105 to 1.9×105 Cfu/g, 1.1×105 to 1.5×105 Cfu/g and 0.2×105 to 2.0×105 Cfu/g respectively. Nine bacteria genera which include Salmonella, Shigella, Vibrio, Enterococcus, Staphylococcus, Chryseobacterium, Aeromonas, Acinetobacter and Escherichia species were isolated and identified. Conclusion: The bacteria identified in this study could be pathogenic if foods are not properly prepared. Thus, chicken meats should be properly processed to avoid cross contamination.
On the Efficiency of Excitation of High Coupling Plate Acoustic Modes

Blotekjear's formalism is applied towards the analysis of the IDT excitation efficiency of high coupling plate acoustic wave modes in thin-film piezoelectric membranes. The results indicate an offset of the optimum mark-to-pitch ratio towards values below 0.5 for the excitation of the fundamental mode and the suppression of the 3rd harmonic. The predicted behavior is confirmed by FEM analysis of the excitation of the low-dispersion SH0 mode in thin-film 30Y-X LiNbO3 membrane.
Modeling of Dual-Backplate based Airborne CMUTs with Enhanced Bandwidth

This work presents a lumped element based model of an airborne capacitive micromachined ultrasonic transducer (CMUT) based on a dual-backplate MEMS technology. The model is derived from analytical equations of a deflected circular membrane and includes physical effects occurring in the electrical, mechanical and acoustical energy domain and their bidirectional coupling. The resulting model considers a nonlinear capacitive transduction and hence accounts for electrostatic spring-softening while allowing an implementation and simulation in standard circuit simulation tools supporting behavioural modeling via hardware description languages (HDL), such as Verilog-A. A verification by Laser-Doppler vibrometry (LDV) of dual-backplate CMUT prototypes shows a good agreement between measurement and simulation. Moreover, a wide fractional bandwidth of 29% and high peak displacement amplitudes of 259 nm/V at low bias voltages of 8V are confirmed for the fabricated CMUT samples. Finally it is shown, that the transducer bandwidth can be changed by adjusting the perforation density of the transducer backplates.
Unifying Input and Output Smoothing in Neural Machine Translation

Soft contextualized data augmentation is a recent method that replaces one-hot representation of words with soft posterior distributions of an external language model, smoothing the input of neural machine translation systems. Label smoothing is another effective method that penalizes over-confident model outputs by discounting some probability mass from the true target word, smoothing the output of neural machine translation systems. Having the benefit of updating all word vectors in each optimization step and better regularizing the models, the two smoothing methods are shown to bring significant improvements in translation performance. In this work, we study how to best combine the methods and stack the improvements. Specifically, we vary the prior distributions to smooth with, the hyperparameters that control the smoothing strength, and the token selection procedures. We conduct extensive experiments on small datasets, evaluate the recipes on larger datasets, and examine the implications when back-translation is further used. Our results confirm cumulative improvements when input and output smoothing are used in combination, giving up to +1.9 BLEU scores on standard machine translation tasks and reveal reasons why these smoothing methods should be preferred.
A Novel Trunk Rehabilitation Robot Based Evaluation of Seated Balance Under Varying Seat Surface and Visual Conditions

Physical therapy involving the use of varying types of seating surface and visual input is recommended for individuals suffering from trunk instability. Some robots have been developed to assist in such therapy protocols, but none of them fully constrains the user’s lower extremities to move with the seat, which is required to fully transfer the task of maintaining balance to the trunk. To fulfill this requirement, we have developed a robot that can provide a static, unstable or forced perturbation seating surface. The instability of seating surface is provided by having the robot follow movements in the user’s center of pressure (COP) and forced perturbations are provided by moving the surface according to an operator’s commands irrespective of the COP position. The system is also capable of providing visual feedback of the user’s COP. This paper presents a study conducted using this novel robot aimed at evaluating the effect of the different seat modes on the balance of healthy subjects under different visual conditions (blindfold, eyes open and visual feedback). Various COP and trunk movement parameters were observed and the results indicate that the system can elicit similar responses in the unstable mode as the conventional devices, showing that it may be used as a controllable alternative to such devices for the training and objective evaluation of stroke survivors. The results under perturbation conditions showed deviations from the generally held notions about the use of visual feedback. Thus, revealing the need for further studies on the implications of using visual feedback under perturbation conditions. The observation of effects similar to conventional systems that may be beneficial for stroke survivors and the system’s ability to help assess recovery progress show that the system holds promise for use as a trunk training and objective performance evaluation tool for stroke survivors.
A Modified Steady-State Method for Space Charge-Limited Effect of SGEMP

Excitation of the system-generated electromagnetic pulse (SGEMP) effect by high-dose X-rays in a cavity may induce the high space charge-limited (SCL) effect. This nonlinear effect limits the photocurrent from the electron emission surface, thereby limiting the increase in the SGEMP electromagnetic field. A modified steady-state approximation method is derived, which considers the influence of electron velocity and the relativistic effect on the number and motion of electrons, respectively. It can be applied to simulate the motion of electrons with a discrete spectrum. Compared with the original method, this method obtains more accurate results for an increase in energy. The method can be applied to the simulation of a cavity SGEMP with the boundary layer treatment. The results show that the increase in the electron yield may induce a nonlinear change in the peak value of the electric field; however, the frequency spectra are less affected. The influence of the SCL effect on lower-energy electrons is higher than that on higher-energy electrons. With an increase in lower-energy electrons in the energy spectrum, the excited electric field is affected more significantly by changes in the energy spectrum, owing to the SCL effect.