Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The effect of strontium and silicon substituted hydroxyapatite electrochemical coatings on bone ingrowth and osseointegration of selective laser sintered porous metal implants

Additive manufactured, porous bone implants have the potential to improve osseointegration and reduce failure rates of orthopaedic devices. Substantially porous implants are increasingly used in a number of orthopaedic applications. HA plasma spraying–a line of sight process—cannot coat the inner surfaces of substantially porous structures, whereas electrochemical deposition of calcium phosphate can fully coat the inner surfaces of porous implants for improved bioactivity, but the osseous response of different types of hydroxyapatite (HA) coatings with ionic substitutions has not been evaluated for implants in the same in vivo model. In this study, laser sintered Ti6Al4V implants with pore sizes of Ø 700 μm and Ø 1500 μm were electrochemically coated with HA, silicon-substituted HA (SiHA), and strontium-substituted HA (SrHA), and implanted in ovine femoral condylar defects. Implants were retrieved after 6 weeks and histological and histomorphometric evaluation were compared to electrochemically coated implants with uncoated and HA plasma sprayed controls. The HA, SiHA and SrHA coatings had Ca:P, Ca:(P+Si) and (Ca+Sr):P ratios of 1.53, 1.14 and 1.32 respectively. Electrochemically coated implants significantly promoted bone attachment to the implant surfaces of the inner pores and displayed improved osseointegration compared to uncoated scaffolds for both pore sizes (p<0.001), whereas bone ingrowth was restricted to the surface for HA plasma coated or uncoated implants. Electrochemically coated HA implants achieved the highest osseointegration, followed by SrHA coated implants, and both coatings exhibited significantly more bone growth than plasma sprayed groups (p≤0.01 for all 4 cases). SiHA had significantly more osseointegration when compared against the uncoated control, but no significant difference compared with other coatings. There was no significant difference in ingrowth or osseointegration between pore sizes, and the bone-implant-contact was significantly higher in the electrochemical HA than in SiHA or SrHA. These results suggest that osseointegration is insensitive to pore size, whereas surface modification through the presence of an osteoconductive coating plays an important role in improving osseointegration, which may be critically important for extensively porous implants.
Long term conjugated linoleic acid supplementation modestly improved growth performance but induced testicular tissue apoptosis and reduced sperm quality in male rabbit

Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) is known for its multiple benefits including improvement of growth, increasing lean mass, and anti-carcinogenic effects. However, when used in long-term supplementations CLA does not improve semen parameters in boar and bull and reduces fertility in Japanese quails. The content of unsaturated fatty acids in dietary lipids plays a significant role in spermatogenesis owning the high proportion of unsaturated fatty acids in plasma membrane of sperms. Whether CLA plays a role in testicular tissue and epididymal fat is still unknown. Therefore, in this study we hypothesize that long-term supplementation of equal proportion of CLA isomer mix (c9,t11-CLA and t10,c12- CLA) in rabbit bucks might alter male reproductive potentials. Twelve V-Line weaned male rabbits were used in 26 weeks trial, rabbits were individually raised and randomly allocated into three dietary groups. Control group (CON) received a basal diet, a group received 0.5% CLA (CLA 0.5%), and a group received 1% CLA (CLA 1%). Rabbits were euthanized at the end of the trial and several parameters were evaluated related to growth, semen quality, and testicular and epididymal tissue histopathology and transcriptome. The long-term supplementation of CLA increased feed intake by 5% and body weight by 2–3%. CLA 1% decreased sperm progressive motility. In testicular tissue L-carnitine and α-tocopherol were decreased by CLA supplementation. In epididymal fat, CLA tended to decrease concentration of polyunsaturated fatty acids, the expression of SCD5 gene was upregulated by CLA 1% and CASP3 gene was upregulated by CLA 0.5%. Transcription of PPARG was downregulated by CLA. Feeding 1% CLA also decreased testicular epithelial thickness. Long-term supplementation of CLA modestly enhanced male rabbit growth, but negatively impacted male reproduction, especially at high dose of CLA.
Defining and managing patients with non‐ST‐elevation myocardial infarction: Sorting through type 1 vs other types

Advances in cardiovascular (CV) imaging, redefined electrocardiogram criteria, and high‐sensitivity CV biomarker assays have enabled more differentiated etiological classification of myocardial infarction (MI). Type 1 MI has a different underlying pathophysiology than type 2 through type 5 MI; type 1 MI is characterized primarily by intracoronary atherothrombosis and the other types by a variety of mechanisms, which can occur with or without an atherosclerotic component. In type 2 MI, there is evidence of myocardial oxygen supply‐demand imbalance unrelated to acute coronary atherothrombosis. Types 1 and 2 MI are spontaneous events, while type 4 and type 5 are procedure‐related; type 3 MI is identified only after death. Most type 1 and type 2 MI present as non‐ST‐elevation MI (NSTEMI), although both types can also present as ST‐elevation MI. Because of their different underlying etiologies, type 1 and type 2 NSTEMI have different presentation and prognosis and should be managed differently. In this article, we discuss the epidemiology, prognosis, and management of NSTEMI occurring in the setting of underlying type 1 or type 2 pathophysiology. Most NSTEMI (65%–90%) are type 1 MI. Patients with type 2 MI have multiple comorbidities and causes of in‐hospital mortality among these patients are not always CV‐related. It is important to distinguish between type 1 and type 2 NSTEMI early in the clinical course to allow for the use of the most appropriate treatments that will provide the greatest benefit for these patients.
Enhanced Akt/GSK‐3β/CREB signaling mediates the anti‐inflammatory actions of mGluR5 positive allosteric modulators in microglia and following traumatic brain injury in male mice

We have previously shown that treatment with a mGluR5 positive allosteric modulator (PAM) is neuroprotective after experimental traumatic brain injury (TBI), limiting post‐traumatic neuroinflammation by reducing pro‐inflammatory microglial activation and promoting anti‐inflammatory and neuroprotective responses. However, the specific molecular mechanisms governing this anti‐inflammatory shift in microglia remain unknown. Here we show that the mGluR5 PAM, VU0360172 (VuPAM), regulates microglial inflammatory responses through activation of Akt, resulting in the inhibition of GSK‐3β. GSK‐3β regulates the phosphorylation of CREB, thereby controlling the expression of inflammation‐related genes and microglial plasticity. The anti‐inflammatory action of VuPAM in microglia is reversed by inhibiting Akt/GSK‐3β/CREB signaling. Using a well‐characterized TBI model and CX3CR1gfp/+ mice to visualize microglia in vivo, we demonstrate that VuPAM enhances Akt/GSK‐3β/CREB signaling in the injured cortex, as well as anti‐inflammatory microglial markers. Furthermore, in situ analysis revealed that GFP + microglia in the cortex of VuPAM‐treated TBI mice co‐express pCREB and the anti‐inflammatory microglial phenotype marker YM1. Taken together, our data show that VuPAM decreases pro‐inflammatory microglial activation by modulating Akt/GSK‐3β/CREB signaling. These findings serve to clarify the potential neuroprotective mechanisms of mGluR5 PAM treatment after TBI, and suggest novel therapeutic targets for post‐traumatic neuroinflammation.
Adolescents' Depressive Symptom Experience Mediates the Impact of Long-Term Exposure to Maternal Depression Symptoms on Adolescents' Body Mass Index.

BACKGROUND Obesity is a cardiovascular disease risk factor and affects approximately 13.7 million U.S. children and adolescents between the ages 2 and 19 years old in 2015-2016. PURPOSE To determine the relationship between children's average long-term exposure to maternal depressive symptoms age 1 month to Grade 6 and adolescents' body mass index (BMI) z-score at age 15 mediated by the adolescents' depressive symptom experience. METHODS A total of 1,364 infants and their families from the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Study of Early Child Care and Youth Development were recruited. RESULTS Mediation analyses revealed a significant relationship between children's average long-term exposure to maternal depressive symptoms from age 1 month to Grade 6 and adolescents' BMI z-score at age 15 (total effect = 0.015, p = .013, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.0032, 0.027). The adolescents' experience of depressive symptoms significantly mediated this relationship (indirect effect = 0.0021, bias-corrected bootstrapped 95% CI: 0.0004, 0.0044), with this mediated relationship more pronounced in girls. CONCLUSIONS Findings indicate the possible existence of a mediating role of adolescents' depressive symptoms experience in the pathway from average long-term exposure to maternal depressive symptoms during children's early life to adolescents' elevated BMI.
Characterization of Dinophysis spp. (Dinophyceae, Dinophysiales) from the mid‐Atlantic region of the United States1

Due to the increasing prevalence of Dinophysis spp. and their toxins on every US coast in recent years, the need to identify and monitor for problematic Dinophysis populations has become apparent. Here, we present morphological analyses, using light and scanning electron microscopy, and rDNA sequence analysis, using a ~2‐kb sequence of ribosomal ITS1, 5.8S, ITS2, and LSU DNA, of Dinophysis collected in mid‐Atlantic estuarine and coastal waters from Virginia to New Jersey to better characterize local populations. In addition, we analyzed for diarrhetic shellfish poisoning (DSP) toxins in water and shellfish samples collected during blooms using liquid‐chromatography tandem mass spectrometry and an in vitro protein phosphatase inhibition assay and compared this data to a toxin profile generated from a mid‐Atlantic Dinophysis culture. Three distinct morphospecies were documented in mid‐Atlantic surface waters: D. acuminata, D. norvegica, and a “small Dinophysis sp. ” that was morphologically distinct based on multivariate analysis of morphometric data but was genetically consistent with D. acuminata. While mid‐Atlantic D. acuminata could not be distinguished from the other species in the D. acuminata‐complex (D. ovum from the Gulf of Mexico and D. sacculus from the western Mediterranean Sea) using the molecular markers chosen, it could be distinguished based on morphometrics. Okadaic acid, dinophysistoxin 1, and pectenotoxin 2 were found in filtered water and shellfish samples during Dinophysis blooms in the mid‐Atlantic region, as well as in a locally isolated D. acuminata culture. However, DSP toxins exceeded regulatory guidance concentrations only a few times during the study period and only in noncommercial shellfish samples.
Hypoxia and transforming growth factor β1 regulation of long non‐coding RNA transcriptomes in human pulmonary fibroblasts

One of the key characteristics of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is accumulation of excess fibrous tissue in the lung, which leads to hypoxic conditions. Transforming growth factor (TGF) β is a major mediator that promotes the differentiation of fibroblasts to myofibroblasts. However, how hypoxia and TGFβ together contribute the pathogenesis of IPF is poorly understood. Long non‐coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have regulatory effects on certain genes and are involved in many diseases. In this study, we determined the effects of hypoxia and/or TGFβ on mRNA and lncRNA transcriptomes in pulmonary fibroblasts. Hypoxia and TGFβ1 synergistically increased myofibroblast marker expression. RNA sequencing revealed that hypoxia and TGFβ1 treatment resulted in significant changes in 669 lncRNAs and 2,676 mRNAs compared to 150 lncRNAs and 858 mRNAs in TGFβ1 alone group and 222 lncRNAs and 785 mRNAs in hypoxia alone group. TGFβ1 induced the protein expression of HIF‐1α, but not HIF‐2α. On the other hand, hypoxia enhanced the TGFβ1‐induced phosphorylation of Smad3, suggesting a cross‐talk between these two signaling pathways. In all, 10 selected lncRNAs (five‐up and five‐down) in RNA sequencing data were validated using real‐time PCR. Two lncRNAs were primarily located in cytoplasm, three in nuclei and five in both nuclei and cytoplasm. The silencing of HIF‐1α and Smad3, but not Smad2 and HIF‐2α rescued the downregulation of FENDRR by hypoxia and TGFβ1. In conclusion, hypoxia and TGFβ1 synergistically regulate mRNAs and lncRNAs involved in several cellular processes, which may contribute to the pathogenesis of IPF.
Factors Influencing Time to Cochlear Implantation.

OBJECTIVE To determine demographic and audiologic factors associated with time to treatment with cochlear implantation. METHODS Retrospective review of a prospectively maintained adult cochlear implant database. A total of 492 patients were implanted from 2012 to 2017. Time to implantation, preimplantation audiologic outcomes, and demographic data were collected. Multivariate analysis was undertaken to establish demographic/audiologic factors that predict time to cochlear implantation. RESULTS Using multivariate analysis, nonwhite race (hazard ratio 0.157, p = 0.038) and increased age (hazard ratio 0.970, p = 0.038) were associated with increased time to cochlear implantation. Nonwhite patients had significantly higher pure-tone averages and lower speech recognition scores (consonant-nucleus-consonant words and AzBio sentences in quiet) and were less likely to use hearing aids as compared with white patients (all p < 0.001). Sex (p = 0.188), health insurance type (p = 0.255), preoperative hearing aid use (p = 0.174), and audiologic outcomes were not significant predictors of time to implantation. CONCLUSION Nonwhite patients have poorer preoperative hearing and speech recognition and lower hearing aid use and are at risk for delay in referral and treatment for severe to profound sensorineural hearing loss. Other demographic factors, notably health insurance status, did not significantly predict time to cochlear implantation. Given the observed hearing healthcare disparities, special outreach programs may be needed to ensure timely cochlear implantation and effective hearing screening and rehabilitation.
Contralesional homotopic functional plasticity in patients with temporal glioma.

OBJECTIVE This study aimed to explore the contralesional homotopic functional plasticity in the brain of patients with unilateral temporal glioma. METHODS Demographic, neurocognitive, and resting-state functional MRI data were collected from 17 patients with temporal glioma (10 in the right lobe and 7 in the left lobe), along with 14 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. The amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (ALFF) of the contralesional homotopic region and 2 control regions was examined. The region-of-interest-based analysis was used to determine the altered functional connectivity (FC) of the contralesional homotopic region, showing significantly different intrinsic regional brain activity between patients and controls. Partial correlation analysis was conducted to determine the association between the altered neural activity and behavioral characteristics. RESULTS Compared with controls, patients with right temporal glioma exhibited significantly increased ALFF in the contralesional homotopic hippocampus and parahippocampal region. In addition, the intrinsic regional activity in these regions was negatively correlated with the visuospatial score (r = -0.718, p = 0.045). Whole-brain FC analysis revealed significantly increased FC between the left hippocampus and parahippocampal regions and the left inferior temporal gyrus, and decreased FC between the left hippocampus and parahippocampal regions and the left inferior frontal gyrus. No significant changes were found in the 2 control regions. CONCLUSIONS Contralesional homotopic regions are instrumental in the process of neural plasticity and functional compensation observed in patients with unilateral temporal glioma. The observed findings might be used to help preoperative evaluation or rehabilitation of postsurgical patients.
Influence of Abutment Disconnection on Peri-implant Marginal Bone Loss: a randomized clinical trial.

OBJECTIVES to evaluate the influence of abutment disconnections and reconnections on peri-implant marginal bone loss. MATERIAL AND METHODS Twenty-four participants received single-unit implants and were randomly assigned into one of the two groups: the definitive abutment group (DEF), in which the definitive abutments were connected at the same time as the implant was inserted; and as a control, the healing abutment group (HEA), in which the healing abutments were disconnected and reconnected three times, at 8, 10 and 12 weeks after surgery. Peri-implant marginal bone level was measured through radiographic follow-up performed immediately after the surgery (baseline), at 8 weeks and after 6, 12 and 24 months. Implant stability and peri-implant health were assessed by Resonance Frequency Analysis and peri-implant probing respectively. RESULTS At the end of two years, the mean bone level was -0.18 ± 0.12 mm for the DEF group and -0.13 ± 0.13 mm for the HEA group, resulting in a cumulative bone loss of -0.61 ± 0.10 mm and -0.81 ± 0.15 mm respectively, with no statistical difference between groups. Bone level changes showed statistically significant differences only between 0 and 2 months (DEF: -0.70 ± 0.12 mm; HEA: -0.36 ± 0.10 mm) and between 2 and 6 months (DEF: -0.11 ± 0.11 mm; HEA: -0.65 ± 0.14 mm). No differences were observed between the groups for implant stability, probing depth and bleeding on probing. CONCLUSION Immediate connection of the prosthetic abutments did not reduce bone loss in comparison with three disconnections of the healing abutments.
Uptake and discontinuation of integrase inhibitors (INSTIs) in a large cohort setting.

BACKGROUND Despite increased INSTI use, limited large-scale, real-life data exists on INSTI uptake and discontinuation. SETTING International multicohort collaboration. METHODS RESPOND participants starting dolutegravir (DTG), elvitegravir (EVG) or raltegravir (RAL) after 1/1/2012 were included. Predictors of INSTI used were assessed using multinomial logistic regression. Kaplan Meier and Cox proportional hazards models describe time to and factors associated with discontinuation. RESULTS Overall, 9702 persons were included; 5051 (52.1%) starting DTG, 1933 (19.9%) EVG, 2718 (28.0%) RAL. The likelihood of starting RAL or EVG versus DTG decreased over time and was higher in Eastern and Southern Europe compared to Western Europe.At 6 months after initiation, 8.9% (95% CI 8.3%-9.5%) had discontinued the INSTI (6.4% DTG, 7.4% EVG, 14.0% RAL). The main reason for discontinuation was toxicity (44.2% DTG, 42.5% EVG, 17.3% RAL). Nervous system toxicity accounted for a higher proportion of toxicity discontinuations on DTG (31.8% DTG, 23.4% EVG, 6.6% RAL). Overall, treatment simplification was highest on RAL (2.7% DTG, 1.6% EVG, 19.8% RAL). Factors associated with a higher discontinuation risk included increasing year of INSTI initiation, female gender, hepatitis C coinfection, and prior non-AIDS defining malignancies. Individuals in Southern and Eastern Europe were less likely to discontinue. Similar results were seen for discontinuations after 6 months. CONCLUSION Uptake of DTG versus EVG or RAL increased over time. Discontinuation within 6 months was mainly due to toxicity; nervous system toxicity was highest on DTG. Discontinuation was highest on RAL, mainly due to treatment simplification.
Depression and coping mechanism among HIV/AIDS patients under anti-retroviral therapy

Background: HIV infection owing to its chronic course and the associated stigma often results in emotional reactions of a serious nature among the people infected with the illness. Depression is the most common psychiatric syndrome in HIV patients found by various studies. Prevalence rate of depression reported in India among HIV sero-positive individuals is as high as 47%. Symptoms of depression may lead to nonadherence to anti-retroviral therapy (ART) and consequent poorer health. Unfortunately, more than half of the HIV-positive population that suffer from depression have not received official diagnosis of their depression. Objective: The aim of this study was to examine the level of depression and relationship between depression and coping styles among HIV-infected people. Sample: About 30 HIV/AIDS patients receiving ART were assessed for depression and coping strategies they used to deal with the illness. Measures: Beck Depression II inventory and Brief Cope Scale were used for data collection. Results and Conclusion: Findings indicate severe to extreme level of depression among people receiving medical treatment. Although women reported slightly higher level of depression than men, no significant gender difference was observed. Women preferred religion, ventilation, and support coping more than men. A significant positive correlation was observed between depression and avoidant coping (r = 0.505, P< 0.001). Results underline the need to incorporate mental health services as an integral part of HIV/AIDS routine health care.
Some Empirical Evidence

This paper examines the effects of Islamic banking on the causal linkages between credit and GDP by comparing two sets of seven emerging countries, the first without Islamic banks, and the second with a dual banking system including both Islamic and conventional banks. Unlike previous studies, it checks the robustness of the results by applying both time series and panel methods; moreover, it tests for both longand short-run causality. In brief, the findings highlight significant differences between the two sets of countries reflecting the distinctive features of Islamic banks. Specifically, the time series analysis provides evidence of long-run causality running from credit to GDP in countries with Islamic banks only. This is confirmed by the panel causality tests, although in this case short-run causality in countries without Islamic banks is also found.
Atmospheric histories and emissions of chloroﬂuorocarbons CFC-13 (CClF 3 ), (cid:54) CFC-114 (C 2 Cl 2 F 4 ), and CFC-115 (C 2 ClF 5 )

Based on observations of the chloroﬂuorocarbons CFC-13 (chlorotriﬂuoromethane), (cid:54) CFC-114 (com-bined measurement of both isomers of dichlorotetraﬂuo-roethane), and CFC-115 (chloropentaﬂuoroethane) in atmospheric and ﬁrn samples, we reconstruct records of their tropospheric histories spanning nearly 8 decades. These compounds were measured in polar ﬁrn air samples, in ambient air archived in canisters, and in situ at the AGAGE (Advanced Global Atmospheric Gases Experiment) network and afﬁliated sites. Global emissions to the atmosphere are derived from these observations using an inversion based on a 12-box atmospheric transport model. For CFC-13, we provide the ﬁrst comprehensive global analysis. This compound increased monotonically from its ﬁrst appearance in the atmosphere in the late 1950s to a mean global abundance of 3.18 ppt (dry-air mole fraction in parts per trillion, pmolmol − 1 ) in 2016. Its growth rate has decreased since the mid-1980s but has remained