Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Transition to the forced telework – a challenge for trade unions identified by the study on working life with COVID-19 in Latvia

BACKGROUND: In general, companies with trade unions perform better in occupational health and safety, therefore, we assume that these companies should have performed better in transition to healthy and safe telework if compared with other companies. OBJECTIVE: The objective of the study was to assess the role of company trade unions on the implementation of telework arrangements in Latvia during the 1st emergency state in spring 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS: A web-based survey based on snowball sampling method and social media advertisements was used to gather information from teleworkers. After data cleaning, answers from 422 teleworkers reporting having (wTU) or not having trade unions (nTU) in their companies were included in the analysis. RESULTS: There was a significantly higher percentage of workers with teleworking experience in companies with no trade unions (37.4% nTU versus 18.1% wTU). More respondents from companies with trade unions reported buying a new computer and headphones which means that more persons had to invest their finances to be able to perform their work. Workers from companies with no trade unions were more often advised on home office ergonomics (21.2% wTU versus 28.1% nTU). The odds of all analyzed health problems (pain, sore eyes, and anxiety) were increased in workers who reported having trade unions. CONCLUSION: Companies with trade unions were less ready for the forced transition to teleworking. These results contradict the traditional understanding of trade unions as a promoting factor for a healthy and safe working environment.
Early fattening and improving feeding quality of Kejobong goats could reduce methane production and improve meat production

An experimental study was carried out to evaluate the implication of early fattening of Kejobong goats by improving feeding quality on methane production and meat production. Sixteen goats (8 young and 8 mature) were raised for 4 months study period. Nested design was used in this study, with young and mature as a nest factor, and diet (G7C3: 70% grass and 30% concentrate and G3C7: 30% grass and 70% concentrate) as the treatments. The main parameters observed were DMI, BWG, carcass (CWG) and meat weight gain (MWG), and methane emission. The results showed, the young goat fed G3C7 was higher than that fed G7C3 in DMI. The BWG’s of goats fed G3C7 were higher than those fed G7C3, but there was no difference between ages in BWG. The FCR of young goat fed G3C7 was lower than that fed G7C3. The DMI of mature goat was higher than young goat, but there were no differences between the ages in DM digestibility, carcass weight and meat weight gain. The young and mature goats fed G3C7 was significantly lower than that of G7C3 in methane emissions per unit of BWG (0.28 vs 0.40 and 0.36 vs 0.53, respectively), in methane emissions per unit CWG (0.60 vs 0.93 and 0.79 vs 1.47, respectively), and methane emission per unit MWG (0.89 vs 1.42 and 1.16 vs 2.19, respectively). It can be concluded that fattening young Kejobong goats by improving feed quality is more environmentally friendly than fattening the mature ones.
Asymmetric responses to shocks: the role of structural change on resilience of the Euro area regions

ABSTRACT Building on the notion of adaptive resilience, and sourcing from the Eurostat regional database on 150 NUTS 2 EURO regions over the period 1998–2019, we show that both industrial mix and regional specialization played a key role in the asymmetric reaction of European regional labor markets to the 2008 crisis and the following 2011–12 sovereign debt crisis. Standard and spatial econometric analyses confirm that the pre-crisis structural composition of regional labor markets resulted in the speed of the post-crisis recovery. Recovery was further affected by the kind of structural change each region experienced after the crisis, depending on their different capacity to host knowledge intensive and hi-tech activities. Based on this evidence, national austerity policies may have exacerbated regional divergence within and between EU countries.
Effects of integrated rice-duck farming on weed pressure, herbivore-predator interactions and economic benefits

ABSTRACT This study was conducted to evaluate whether conventional farming can be replaced by a lower chemical pollution farming system, integrated rice-duck farming in a suburban agricultural area in northern Zhejiang, Southeast China. We comprehensively assessed the impacts of integrated rice-duck farming on weeds and herbivorous insects along with their natural enemies during the rice-growing season. We found that the rice-duck system effectively controlled weeds within the paddy fields. Nevertheless, the abundance of herbivores, particularly planthoppers and leafhoppers was increased in the duck-roaming paddy fields compared to the control and conventional fields, indicating the inefficiency of the rice-duck system in the control of rice main herbivore pests. Rice-duck farming significantly reduced the abundance of predators, especially spiders and dragonflies, therefore an ‘enemy-free space’ was created for herbivores which might be responsible for the observed herbivore increase in the rice-duck fields. Despite the inefficiency of rice-duck farming in the control of rice main herbivore pests, the net income of the rice-duck treatment with an organic certification was 7.6 and 1.4 times higher compared to the conventional and control treatments, respectively. In the view of the favourable results obtained in this study, the integrated rice-duck farming system might be suggested as a high economic return organic farming method suitable for modern farmers.
Turf Quality and Physiological Responses to Summer Stress in Four Creeping Bentgrass Cultivars in a Subtropical Zone

Cool-season creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera) has the ability to form fine sports turf, but high temperatures result in summer bentgrass decline (SBD), especially in transitional and subtropical zones. Physiological responses in combination with the alteration in turf quality (TQ) will contribute to a better understanding of SBD in a subtropical zone. Field experiments were conducted from 2017 to 2019 to test the adaptability to summer stress among four cultivars (13M, Penncross, Seaside II, and PA-1). A constant ambient high temperature above 30 °C significantly decreased the TQ of the four cultivars during the summer months in 2017, 2018, and 2019. Significant declines in the chlorophyll content, photochemical efficiency of photosystem II (Fv/Fm and PIABS), leaf relative water content (RWC), and osmotic potential (OP) were induced by summer stress, whereas gradual increases in water-soluble carbohydrates, proline, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), malondialdehyde (MDA), and electrolyte leakage (EL) were observed in the four cultivars during the summer months. The 13M and Penncross cultivars exhibited better performance than Seaside II and PA-1 in response to summer stress from 2017 to 2019, which is associated with better maintenance of photosynthesis, water status, WSC and proline accumulation, and cell membrane stability. The 13M and Penncross cultivars could be used as potential candidates for turf establishment in a subtropical zone. Physiological responses together with alterations in TQ also provided critical information for the breeding and development of germplasm with heat tolerance in creeping bentgrass species.
Long-Term Outcomes of a Kahook Dual Blade Procedure Combined with Phacoemulsification in Japanese Patients with Open-Angle Glaucoma

We retrospectively evaluated the long-term surgical outcomes of phacoemulsification combined with a Kahook dual blade (KDB) procedure in Japanese patients with open-angle glaucoma. The primary outcome was surgical success or failure. Surgical failure was indicated by a <20% reduction in preoperative intraocular pressure (IOP) or IOP > 18 mmHg (criterion A), IOP > 14 mmHg (criterion B), or requirement for reoperation. Glaucoma medications after surgery and postoperative complications were recorded. Surgical outcomes were compared between primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) and exfoliation glaucoma (ExG) groups. The probability of success at 36 months postoperation was 52.5% using criterion A and 36.9% using criterion B. Mean IOP decreased significantly from 19.5 ± 6.9 mmHg preoperatively to 11.9 ± 2.7 mmHg at 36 months, and the mean number of glaucoma medications from 2.4 ± 1.4 to 1.6 ± 1.4 (both p < 0.01). IOP spikes were significantly more common in the ExG group (23.7% vs. 9.1%; p = 0.045), as was the need for additional glaucoma surgery (10.5% vs. 1.8%; p = 0.038). A KDB procedure combined with cataract surgery resulted in significant long-term decreases in IOP and the number of glaucoma medications. The complication rate was higher in eyes with ExG. Therefore, these eyes require more careful management after a KDB procedure.
Pivotal antitumor role of the immune checkpoint molecule B7-H1 in pancreatic cancer

Abstract Immune checkpoint molecule B7-H1 plays a decisive immune regulatory role in different pathologies including cancer, and manipulation of B7-H1 expression became an attractive approach in cancer immunotherapy. Pancreatic cancer (PDAC) is characterized by pronounced immunosuppressive environment and B7-H1 expression correlates with PDAC prognosis. However, the first attempts to diminish B7-H1 expression in patients were not so successful. This points the complicity of PDAC immunosuppressive network and requires further examinations. We investigated the effect of B7-H1 deficiency in PDAC. Our results clearly show that partial or complete B7-H1 inhibition in vivo let to reduced tumor volume and improved survival of PDAC-bearing mice. This oncological benefit is due to the abrogation of immunosuppression provided by MDSC, macrophages, DC and Treg, which resulted in simultaneous restoration of anti-tumor immune response, namely improved accumulation and functionality of effector-memory CD4 and CD8 T cells. Our results underline the potential of B7-H1 molecule to control immunosuppressive network in PDAC and provide new issues for further clinical investigations.
Reflections on the Experimental Evaluation of a Binary-Level Symbolic Analyzer for Spectre

—Spectre attacks are transient execution attacks affecting modern processors and exploitable via software. Several tools have been proposed to detect Spectre vulnerabilities in software but most of these tools do not scale on real-world binary code. B INSEC /H AUNTED is one existing tool that scales and that has been evaluated on real-world binary cryptographic code. In this paper, we detail the experimental aspects of B IN - SEC /H AUNTED , but also take a step back to draw more general conclusions. We discuss general challenges and solutions regarding artifact reproducibility and availability, methodology, comparison against other tools, and pitfalls of experimental evaluation. We also discuss more speciﬁc challenges regarding Spectre vulnerability detection, e.g. prototype validation when ground truth is not easily accessible; and challenges relevant to binary-level analysis and symbolic execution, e.g. improving usability of binary-level tools or implementation choices in symbolic analyzers.
The roles of Backward Associative Strength and inter-item connectivity

Factors that affect categorical and associative memory illusions were investigated in two experiments. In Experiment 1, Backward Associative Strength (BAS) from the list word to the critical lure and inter-item connectivity were manipulated in Deese/Roediger-McDermott (DRM) and category list types. For both recall and recognition tasks, the likelihood of producing DRM and category false memories was greater for lists with high BAS and low inter-item connectivity. In Experiment 2, DRM and category lists with high BAS showed similar indirect priming effects in a word stem completion task. With low BAS, category lists, unlike DRM lists, showed no priming effect. We discuss the role of BAS, inter-item connectivity, and associate level differences in implicit and explicit measures of false memory production.
Trading Costs

Using 1.7 trillion dollars of live trade execution data from a large institutional money manager across 21 developed equity markets over a 19-year period, we measure the real-world trading costs and price impact function of a large trader. We provide a novel description of how costs vary across trade type, stock characteristics, trade size, time, and exchanges globally to test various theories of price impact. We find actual trading costs to be an order of magnitude smaller than previous studies suggest, and describe the trading process leading to these costs. A model calibrated to match the distribution of actual costs across trade size, stocks, and time outperforms other models from the literature in out of sample tests that attempt to describe independent costs from brokers and realized costs of traded index funds. Our model based on realized costs from live trades portrays very different implementation costs than previous studies suggest.  Andrea Frazzini is at AQR Capital, e-mail: andrea.frazzini@aqr.com. Ronen Israel is at AQR Capital, e-mail: ronen.israel@aqr.com. Tobias Moskowitz is at the Yale School of Management, Yale University, NBER, and AQR, email: tobias.moskowitz@yale.edu. This paper is an extension of some of the material in an earlier paper titled, “Trading Costs of Asset Pricing Anomalies,” that has been separated into another paper. We thank Cliff Asness, John Campbell, Josh Coval, Darrell Duffie, Eugene Fama, John Heaton, Bryan Kelly, John Liew, Michael Mendelson, Stefan Nagel, Robert Novy-Marx, Lasse Pedersen, Amit Seru, Ken Singleton, Brian Weller, and seminar participants at the University of Chicago, Harvard Business School, Stanford University, University of California Berkeley, and the NBER Asset Pricing Meetings in Chicago for helpful comments. Moskowitz thanks the IFC at Yale University for financial support. AQR Capital Management is a global investment management firm, which may or may not apply similar investment techniques or methods of analysis as described herein. The views expressed here are those of the authors and not necessarily those of AQR.
Evaluation of ten cultivars of determinate tomato (Lycopersicum esculentum Mill.), grown under different climatic conditions

The influence of different climatic conditions on fruit yield and quality of 10 determinate tomato cultivars (Lycopersicum esculentum Mill.) was studied. The experiments were conducted in the mediteranean and central regions of Slovenia. The plants were grown on an open field in the Dragonja valley and Ljubljana and in a low tunnel in Ljubljana. Data indicated that the marketable yield was significantly higher in the Dragonja valley than in Ljubljana. The average yield per plant grown in the Dragonja valley was 3.02 kg, grown on the field in Ljubljana 0.6 kg and in the low tunnel 1.0 kg. The highest marketable yield among the salad tomatoes was obtained with ‘Stormy F1’ (4.05 kg per plant) and among the processing tomatoes with ‘Hypeel 108 F1’ (4.7 kg per plant) and ‘Centurion F1’(4.1 kg per plant). Those cultivars had some good quality characteristics, important for their application (firmness, redness of skin, thickness of pericarp and succulence). Our research documented a significant yield enhancement of determinate tomato in low tunnel production for the central part of Slovenia.
16. Family behaviour of migrants

Research on the family behaviour and family dynamics of migrants is a cross-cutting theme. Many of the broader features of family behaviour (such as intergenerational relationships or family diversity) are relevant in the study of migrant family behaviour. There are also many themes that are specifically relevant to migrants. The study of different aspects of migrant behaviour is a promising avenue of research, with the potential to uncover complexities and relationships that are not as easily tracked when studying less mobile populations. Studies on the family behaviour of migrants can take both a population and an individual-level perspective. Migration events and family dynamics have an impact on societies at large, and are influenced by contextual factors in both the societies the migrants come from, and the societies where they reside at any given point in time. Migration and family demographic events are intertwined in the life courses of individual actors. What makes the family behaviour of migrants so intriguing is that their life courses unfold over time across two or more spatial contexts, under the influences of all the social factors that are intrinsic to those respective contexts. This contribution begins with a population-level perspective, and considers the impact of migration on population change in Europe. It proceeds with a section that introduces a life course perspective on migration and family demographic behaviour, followed by a section that examines the many multi-level factors that may contribute to family demographic behaviour and family demographic change among migrants. The subsequent section focuses on family formation and family dissolution, and the section after explores the fertility of migrants. The contribution concludes with a discussion of data issues in relation to the fertility of migrants, and some of the challenges that arise in studies of the demographic behaviour of mobile individuals. The focus of the contribution is on migrants, with only limited attention being given to individuals who have a migration background, but are not themselves migrants.
Single pin BWR benchmark problem for coupled Monte Carlo - Thermal hydraulics analysis

As part of the European NURISP research project, a single pin BWR benchmark problem was defined. The aim of this initiative is to test the coupling strategies between Monte Carlo and subchannel codes developed by different project participants. In this paper the results obtained by the Delft Univ. of Technology and Karlsruhe Inst. of Technology will be presented. The benchmark problem was simulated with the following coupled codes: TRIPOLI-SUBCHANFLOW, MCNP-FLICA, MCNP-SUBCHANFLOW, and KENO-SUBCHANFLOW. (authors)
A General Framework for Robust Contracting Models

We study a class of models of moral hazard in which a principal contracts with a counterparty, which may have its own internal organizational structure. The principal has non‐Bayesian uncertainty as to what actions might be taken in response to the contract, and wishes to maximize her worst‐case payoff. We identify conditions on the counterparty's possible responses to any given contract that imply that a linear contract solves this maxmin problem. In conjunction with a Richness property motivated by much previous literature, we identify a Responsiveness property that is sufficient—and, in an appropriate sense, also necessary—to ensure that linear contracts are optimal. We illustrate by contrasting several possible models of contracting in hierarchies. The analysis demonstrates how one can distill key features of contracting models that allow their findings to be carried beyond the bilateral setting.
The Genie in the Machine: How Computer-Automated Inventing Is Revolutionizing Law and Business

We have long considered inventing to be a uniquely human activity. But just as the assembly line automated the process of manufacturing, today's computers are automating the process of inventing. Software can automatically generate designs for everything from toothbrushes to antennas to automobile frames more quickly and inexpensively than ever before, thereby ushering in a new era of artificial invention. Inventors will use artificial invention technology to boost their inventive abilities to previously undreamed-of heights, enabling small teams of inventors to compete with mega-corporations who insist on inventing the old-fashioned way. Even consumers will be able to use artificial invention technology to become inventors themselves. We stand poised to see the emergence of the "digital renaissance artisan"a person who will have the ability to not only design new inventions at the touch of a button, but also to manufacture them automatically from the comfort of home. As Robert Plotkin reveals in this landmark book, our decisions about these inventions today will dictate who gets to control this powerful technology tomorrow.Should inventions designed by software be patentable? Should the software that produces those designs be patentable? The Genie in the Machine offers the first-ever examination of the implications of artificial invention technology for patent law, the law of invention. Along with practical advice for inventors, high-tech companies, and patent lawyers, this forward-looking book provides concrete recommendations for reforming patent law in light of the growing importance of invention-automation technology.
Evaluation of the Eff ects of New Combined Adsorbent on Occurrence of Pathological Lesions in Afl atoxin B1‐Challenged Broiler Chickens

This experiment was performed to investigate the protective effect of a new combined adsorbent (bentonite + yeast cell wall extract) previously tested in vitro, on the occurrence of pathological lesions in broilers fed a diet contaminated with aflatoxin B1 until 21 days of age. A total of 96 one-day old Ross 308 hybrid broiler chickens were divided into four groups: group I (control), group II (5 g/kg adsorbent), group III (5 g/kg adsorbent + 2 mg/kg aflatoxin B1), and group IV (2 mg/kg aflatoxin B1). Grossly, AFB1 and AFB1+adsorbent fed birds showed enlargement, friable texture of liver and enlargement and pallorness of kidneys. Spleen revealed size reduction. No gross-pathological changes were observed in control and group II. Histopathologically, lesions were observed in aflatoxicated groups. Liver revealed vacuolar cell degeneration, periportal and perivascular infiltration of mononuclear cells. Kidneys revealed mild to moderate degree of haemorrhages, tubular epithelial necrosis and infiltration of mononuclear cells along with heterophils. In group IV, catarrhal enteritis characterized by desquamation of epithelial cells were found in the duodenum. A milder form of gross and histopathological lesions was seen in group III. In conclusion, the present study revealed that supplementation of a new combined toxin binder product in the concentration of 5 g/kg could not completely ameliorate aflatoxicity in broilers, although it met the stringent European regulation requirements for the minimum of 90% aflatoxin binding efficiency in in vitro study.
Perception, knowledge, and attitude towards interceptive orthodontics among pediatric dentists, orthodontists, and dental surgeons in Peru

Objectives: To compare the perception, knowledge, and attitude towards interceptive orthodontics among pediatric dentists, orthodontists, and dental surgeons. Methods: The sample included 52 men and 56 women, aged 39.75 ± 9.32 years: 36 pediatric dentists, 36 orthodontists, and 36 dental surgeons. The 14-question survey administered had validity, internal consistency, and stability. Survey Monkey was used to administer the survey. The data was analyzed using the chi-square test at a 5% significance level. Results: No differences were found among professionals regarding perception and attitude towards the treatment (p > 0.05). There was a difference regarding the level of knowledge about specific aspects of interceptive treatment (p < 0.05). Conclusions The professionals had similar perceptions and attitudes towards interceptive treatment. However, there was a significant difference regarding the level of knowledge of pediatric dentists, orthodontists, and dental surgeons.