Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect of root canal medications on maturation and calcification of root canal dentin’ hydroxyapatite

ABSTRACT The routine uses of intracanal medication to eliminate the root canal microorganisms and enhance periapical healing may affect the structure of root canal dentin. This study aimed to investigate the effect of different intracanal medications on the maturation and calcification of dentin. Ten extracted human molar were longitudinally split. Each root was then randomly divided into six dentin blocks: one control and five test specimens. The control dentin block received no medication; whereas the other five blocks were subjected to Triantibiotic paste (a mixture of ciprofloxacin, metronidazole, doxycycline, and deionized water), 2% Chlorhexidine gel, Ultracal, Metapaste, and conventional calcium hydroxide (powder/water formulation) for 15 days. Using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy the specimens were analyzed and compared with the control dentin. Carbonate/phosphate and phosphate/Amide I ratios were used to investigate the maturity and calcification of hydroxyapatite of dentin, respectively. The highest significant increase in carbonate/phosphate ratio, indicating increased maturity of root canal dentin’ hydroxyapatite, was observed with Triantibiotic paste. A significant decrease in phosphate/Amide I ratio, indicating reduced calcification of root canal dentin’ hydroxyapatite, was observed with Triantibiotic paste followed by Metapaste. The use of calcium hydroxide powder, Ultracal, and 2% Chlorhexidine gel produced insignificant changes in maturity and calcification of hydroxyapatite. Triantibiotic paste significantly increased the maturity, but both Triantibiotic paste and Metapaste significantly reduced the calcification of hydroxyapatite of root canal dentin. This should be considered when using these medications.
Kemandirian Belajar Melalui Metode Pembelajaran Project Based Learning Pada Mata Kuliah Media Pembelajaran Pendidikan Jasmani

Kemandirian belajar siswa merupakan suatu proses, dan proses ini hanya dapat dilaksanakan melalui kegiatan belajar. Model Project Based Learning merupakan pembelajaran inovatif yang berpusat pada peserta didik dan pembelajaran berbasis proyek ini dapat meningkatkan kemampuan berfikir kreatif melalui pengalaman nyata atau simulasi dan menjadi pembelajar yang otonom dan mandiri. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode penelitian deskriptif dengan pendekatan kuantitatif . Subjek yang digunakan pada penelitian ini sebanyak 78 mahasiswa, yaitu mahasiswa semester VI program studi pendidikan jasmani. Hasil pembahasan mengenai pembelajaran mahasiswa pendidikan jasmani dengan menggunakan metode belajar project based learning diperoleh data megenai indikator kemandirian belajar yaitu untuk indikator a) kemandirian belajar, b) memiliki kepercayaan diri, c) berperilaku disiplin, d) memiliki rasa tanggungjawab, e) berperilaku berdasarkan inisiatif sendiri, dan f) melakukan kontrol diri. Pada pembahasan kemandirian belajar yang timbul dari penerapan metode pembelajaran belajar project based learning yaitu sebesar 76.37% dengan kategori sangat positif. Disimpulkan bahwa mahasiswa program studi pendidikan jasmani mampu melaksanakan proses pembelajaran dengan penuh tanggung jawab, rasa percaya diri dan dapat menyelesaikan permasalahan dengan kerja proyek yang secara tidak langsung melatih untuk bertindak maupun berpikir mandiri dan kreatif pada mata kuliah media pembelajaran penjas
How Professionals Construct Moral Authority: Expanding Boundaries of Expert Authority in Stem Cell Science

Negotiations over professional boundaries are often contests about controlling technical expertise and authority. Less is known about the role of moral judgments in such contests because well-trained professionals often silence their moral commitments or engage moral debates outside the boundaries of their profession. Drawing on an ethnographic study of a science laboratory at the forefront of moral controversy, this article shows how professionals manage moral challenges by reconfiguring their conventional domain of expert authority to include moral as well as technical expertise. Scientists drew on their plural moral views to develop, apply, and mobilize abstract knowledge about morals as resources to claim authority in debates over the moral definition of their work. Collective learning and collaboration ensured the cohesion of the professional community throughout the process of developing authority despite continued moral pluralism. By unpacking one mechanism for the pursuit of moral authority, the study elaborates our understanding of the moral foundations of professionalism and of the emergence of morally complex work activities.
Democratic civic engagement of adolescents in three divided societies: Northern Ireland, South Africa, and the United States

ABSTRACT This study examines how socio-political divisions–particularly race/ethnicity and religion–were related to democratic civic engagement (DCE) in three divided societies: Northern Ireland (NI), South Africa (SA), and the United States (US). Adolescents exposed to well-evaluated, parallel civics curricula reported significantly greater civic engagement in SA than in the US; those in the US reported significantly greater engagement than those in NI. Within NI, Protestants and Catholics did not report different engagement levels; in SA, black and coloured groups expressed greater civic engagement than whites; in the US, white students expressed greater civic engagement than those from more marginalised groups. Analyses of aspects of DCE led us to conclude that varied social and political realities, histories, legacies of division, and power dynamics helped explain these results. Understanding such societal forces is critical for educators who seek to promote youth to become thoughtful and ethical civic actors.
Disturbance reshapes the productivity–diversity relationship

Question: We evaluated the effect of disturbance on the productivity– diversity rela tionship in a long- term monitoring study. We asked whether the same productivity– diversity relationship applies to 12 years of pre- fire (undisturbed) conditions and to eight years of post- fire succession studied in the same plots. Location: Bugac, Kiskunság, Central Hungary. Methods: We studied 20 permanent plots for 20 years in grassland patches of a forest– steppe vegetation complex, 12 years before (2000– We total We assessed before after the Temporal of the and were by generalized estimation in the R
Influence of the Total Porosity on the Properties of Sintered Materials—A Review

Porosity is a characteristic present in most sintered materials, full densification only being achieved in special cases. For some sintered materials, porosity is indeed a desired characteristic, serving for the intended application of the material. In any case, the porosity present in materials can have a strong effect on some of their properties, both structural and functional. In this paper, some of the expressions proposed to describe the influence of the total porosity on the effective properties of sintered materials are examined. Moreover, a universal expression (with two fitting parameters) valid to satisfactorily represent all the analysed behaviours is proposed. One of these parameters can be assimilated to the tap porosity of the powders used to manufacture the material. The properties examined were elastic moduli, ultimate strength, thermal and electrical conductivities, magnetic characteristics, and other properties directly related to these ones. The study is valid for sintered materials, both metallic and ceramic, with a homogeneous and non-texturised microstructure.
“It’s beyond the pale to smoke hookah”: perceptions of Iranian adolescents on social unacceptability of hookah smoking

Summary Introduction Globally, the popularity of hookah smoking, as a social and entertaining behavior, is increasing among adolescents and youths. The present study aimed to explore the perceptions of high school students on Social Unacceptability (Arabic/Persian term = Qabahat) of Hookah Smoking (SUoHS) in an Iranian context. Methods In this qualitative study, 31 student adolescents in Tabriz, Iran, were invited to participate in semi-structured individual interviews and focus group discussions (FGDs). Data were analyzed using interpretative thematic analysis. Results The unacceptability of hookah smoking was viewed at the “disreputability of hookah smoking and hookah smokers”. The students also explained SUoHS in the “incivility of hookah smoking and smokers in the society”, “disrespectfulness of hookah smokers and their families”, and “the consequences of hookah smoking”. Conclusions The SUoHS is rooted in the social values and norms within communities. To decrease hookah smoking levels among adolescents, school health nursing interventions should be tailored to bridge the gap between their recognition of SUoHS and subsequent behavior change through creating group dynamics highlighting the domains of social unacceptability of the behavior.
Preparation of CD3 Antibody-Conjugated, Graphene Oxide Coated Iron Nitride Magnetic Beads and Its Preliminary Application in T Cell Separation

Immunomagnetic beads (IMBs) for cell sorting are universally used in medical and biological fields. At present, the IMBs on the market are ferrite coated with a silicon shell. Based on a new type of magnetic material, the graphene coated iron nitride magnetic particle (G@FeN-MP), which we previously reported, we prepared a novel IMB, a graphene oxide coated iron nitride immune magnetic bead (GO@FeN-IMBs), and explored its feasibility for cell sorting. First, the surface of the G@FeN-MP was oxidized to produce oxygen-containing groups as carboxyl, etc. by the optimized Hummers’ method, followed by a homogenization procedure to make the particles uniform in size and dispersive. The carboxy groups generated were then condensed and coupled with anti-CD3 antibodies by the carbodiimide method to produce an anti-CD3-GO@FeN-IMB after the coupling efficacy was proved by bovine serum albumin (BSA) and labeled antibodies. Finally, the anti-CD3-GO@FeN-IMBs were incubated with a cell mixture containing human T cells. With the aid of a magnetic stand, the T cells were successfully isolated from the cell mixture. The isolated T cells turned out to be intact and could proliferate with the activation of the IMBs. The results show that the G@FeN-MP can be modified for IMB preparation, and the anti-CD3-GO@FeN-IMBs we prepared can potentially separate T cells.
Accounting and internal mechanisms of corporate governance during the inter-war-period in France

This article focuses on the role of accounting in governance arrangements. The French context is marked by the inexistence of external governance mechanisms and by the total lack of effectiveness of independent auditing. Therefore, the objective of this article is to shed light on the internal governance mechanisms implemented by the leading French aluminium producer during the inter-war period and the role played by accounting in this implementation. On the basis of the archives of the Compagnie Alais, Froges et Camargue (AFC) between 1921 and 1939, it appears that in a context marked by very strong external growth, management strengthened financial reporting systems and internal control procedures. In addition, the directors used the financial statements as early as 1923 to determine the financial effort of the AFC group and to measure the flows intended to finance the group’s material and financial investments. Accounting is unquestionably at the heart of AFC’s internal governance mechanisms.
PROFILE OF STUDENTS ANALYTICAL THINKING SKILLS IN LEARNING STYLE FOR COMPLETING SUBSTANCE PRESSURE PROBLEMS

The skill to think analytically is an important skill for students to have, where the skill to think analytically helps students solve problems in science lessons that require an analytical skill to solve them. The research method is qualitative with a naturalistic design. This research was conducted at some Junior High schools in Ponorogo using the purposive sampling technique. Data were collected using in-depth interviews, observation, and documentation, then analyzed using quantitative descriptive and qualitative descriptive. This study aims to determine the profile of students' analytical thinking skills in solving problem-based problems in the grade 8 th at pressure material and determine the pattern of its relationship with scientific exploration. The results showed that: 1) the profile of the analytical thinking skill in terms of the learning styles of students, namely the visual style subjects intend to explain what is known through the direct explanation in more detail, the audiovisual subjects are more likely to form simpler patterns with reasoning patterns generalization and on kinesthetic subjects tend to apply different (unique) concepts, but still have a relationship with the problem, 2) the pattern of the relationship between analytical thinking skills and learning styles, namely the exploration of science, which includes aspects of experience, reasoning, modalities, and the mindset of students. Through the results of this study, it is hoped that it can provide theoretical and practical insights for educators in determining approaches and strategies for achieving science analytical competence according to students' learning styles at school.
ROLE OF APOPTOSIS IN EXPERIMENTAL CRYPTOSPORIDIUM PARVUM INFECTED ALBINO MICE

Cryptosporidium is one of the commonest opportunistic parasites. But, its chemotherapeutic options are limited, with controversy about the role of apoptosis in cryptosporidiosis. Caspases are key molecules of apoptosis. The study assessed the role of apoptosis in cryptosporidiosis by studying the relationship between the effects of phenyl vinyl sulfone (PVS), nitazoxanide (NTZ) and combined therapy on Cryptosporidium parvum infection and caspase 3 immunostaining. Ninety female laboratory bred Swiss Albino mice were divided into two major groups; immunocompetent and immunosuppressed. Both groups were divided into the following subgroups, for each one respectively: negative control (1 & 6), infected control (2 & 7), infected treated with PVS (3 & 8), infected treated with NTZ (4 & 9) and infected treated combined (5 & 10). Sacrification were done on 18 day post infection. Histopathological study of ileum was done and endogenous developmental stages were counted. Also, caspase 3 immunohistochemical staining was carried out on ileal sections. Combined therapy in groups 5 &10 showed the highest reduction in mean number of endogenous developmental stages as in G10 (P <0.05). Caspase expression in PVS treated groups (3 & 8) showed significant decrease when compared to their control groups (P < 0.05). While there were significant increase in caspase expression in groups treated with NTZ (4 & 9) when compared to their contorls (P < 0.05). Caspase 3 epithelial overexpression was evident in infected immunocompetent G2 than immunosuppressed G7 (P<0.05).
Genomic Analysis of Citrobacter Portucalensis Sb-2 Identifies a Phage Predation Driven Metalloid Resistance

Bacterial adaptation to extreme environments is often mediated by horizontal gene transfer (HGT). At the same time, phage mediated HGT for conferring bacterial arsenite and antimonite resistance has not been documented before. In this study, a highly arsenite and antimonite resistant bacterium, C. portucalensis strain Sb-2, was isolated and subsequent genome analysis showed that putative arsenite and antimonite resistance determinants were flanked or embedded by prophages. We predict these phage-mediated resistances play a significant role in maintaining genetic diversity within the genus of Citrobacter and are responsible for endowing the corresponding resistances to C. portucalensis strain Sb-2.
Masters of the Manipulator? A Comparative Genomics Study of Niveomyces gen. nov. and Two New Species of Mycoparasites Associated with Ophiocordyceps Camponoti-Floridani

Fungal hyperparasites can impact ecosystem composition and disease dynamics by modulating their parasite hosts’ population size and transmission rate. Despite their perceived ecosystem impacts and potential to be applied in disease control efforts, hyperparasites are vastly understudied. In this integrative study we formally describe a new genus and two new mycoparasite species that infect the fungus Ophiocordyceps camponoti-floridani, which manipulates the behavior of Florida carpenter ants. Phylogenetic analyses demonstrate that both fungal hyperparasites are distinct species within the families Cordycipitaceae and Ophiocordycipitaceae. The unique morphology, ecology and phylogenetic placement of the Cordycipitaceae species supports its placement in a new genus, Niveomyces. Our field data alludes that both new species, Niveomyces ophiocordycipitis and Polycephalomyces oviedoensis, negatively impact O. camponoti-floridani survival and transmission. Moreover, their macromorphology, along with our field data, suggest that these hyperparasites live an exclusively mycoparasitic lifestyle and do not infect, nor decompose O. camponoti-floridani’s ant host. To find genome signatures that would further confirm their mycoparasitism, we sequenced and annotated both species’ genomes. We then compared the N. ophiocordycipitis and P. oviedoensis genomes to those of other mycoparasites, animal parasites, plant parasites, and saprophytes within the order Hypocreales and searched for previously reported mycoparasite genome signatures. However, our analyses indicate that these signatures are not greatly informative when expanding the number of genomes and lifestyles beyond those of previous studies, using the genome data that is currently available. This highlights the need for additional mycoparasite genomes within the order Hypocreales, as well as data on more closely related animal parasites. As such, this work contributes a starting point for more studies into fungal interactions between mycoparasites and entomopathogens, which have the potential to contribute important knowledge towards efforts to battle the global rise of plant and animal mycoses.
The Relationship of CSR Performance and Voluntary CSR Disclosure Extent in the German DAX Indices

Empirical studies present mixed evidence on the relationship of CSR performance and CSR disclosure extent, thus spurring academic ambiguity as legitimacy- and voluntary disclosure theory provide competing explanations. By applying content analysis to 144 voluntary GRI reports of listed firms in Germany from 2015 to 2018, I construct environmental and social disclosure indices to capture the reports’ disclosure extents. The contents are extracted from the corresponding GRI content indices in order to mitigate potential coding errors. ESG scores are used as a third-party measure to proxy environmental and social performance. I propose that this approach could be more suitable to address the challenge within the literature concerning methodological heterogeneity. The results show a positive relationship of environmental performance and environmental disclosure, but no relationship of social performance and social disclosure. Hence, there is evidence for an at least partial performance driven reporting behavior as companies seem to signal their superior environmental performance via more extensive disclosure, as predicted by voluntary disclosure theory. This evidence supports the idea of tightening Directive 2014/95/EU.
MODERATING ROLE OF PERCEIVED ORGANIZATIONAL SUPPORT BETWEEN ORGANIZATIONAL CITIZENSHIP BEHAVIOR AND ORGANIZATIONAL PERFORMANCE AMONG INDUSTRIAL EMPLOYEES

Purpose of the study: The present research paper investigated the moderating role of perceived organizational support on the relationship between organizational citizenship behavior and organizational performance. Methodology: The sample consisted of 205 employees from different organizations in Hattar Industrial State and Haripur, Pakistan. The Perceived Organizational Support (Eisenberger et al., 1986), the Organizational Citizenship Behavior (Podsakoff et al., 2009), and the Organizational Performance (Kuo, 2011) scales were used to attain the desired results. A purposive sampling technique was used with a cross-sectional survey research design. The employees from Hattar Industrial State were taken as the target sample. The statistical analysis was done using SPSS 21. The alpha reliability, Pearson correlation, t-test, ANOVA, linear and multiple regressions were calculated along with demographic analysis to meet the objectives of the study. Main Findings: Results indicated a highly significant positive correlation between OCB, POS, and OP. The results also showed that OCB and POS are significant predictors of OP. The gender differences are non-significant. The differences are significant between groups at upper, middle, lower, senior, and other management levels. The results showed significant differences between age groups with late age adults (46-60 years age) having high mean scores in organizational citizenship behavior and organizational performance. Among the demographic variables: age, average salary, and organizational size are significantly impacting organizational citizenship behavior, perceived organizational support, and organizational performance. The results indicated that perceived organizational support moderated the relation between organizational citizenship behavior and organizational performance significantly. Applications of the study: The study findings are important for organizations, officials, and managers to further develop work attitudes and work behaviors and enhance their performance and productivity. Novelty: Very few researchers have studied the employees in industrial settings. People spend a major part of their life in the workplace. Their work is affected by several organizational factors as well as their subjective factors. The impact of demographic variables has also been studied. Thus, this study provided insights into factors that affect employee performance.
Potential and Hypothesized Determinants of the Positive and Negative Effects as a Result of Pornography Use in Dyadic Relationships

In this literature review, I will be looking at the different potential and hypnotized determinants of positive and negative effects pornography has on dyadic relationships. Specifically, I recognize three of the most frequently mentioned and studied areas of concern that are discussed in the body of literature. These three areas are: attitudes towards pornography, partnered, solitary and/or non-existent pornography use, and frequency of pornography use. A plethora of mixed effects are found, both positive and negative, and suggestions for future research is made. Theses suggestions include three additional areas to focus on, which include: content of pornography, transparency of pornography use between partners, a more in-depth look at different relationship commitment levels, and how all three of these relate to positive and negative impacts on a dyadic relationship.