Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Storage Stability of Chevon Pickle at Room Temperature

Abstract Pal, U. K. and Agnihotri, M. K. 1994. Storage stability of chevon pickle at room temperature. J. Appl. Anim. Res., 5: 89–93. Chevon pickle was prepared using deboned meat from spent Angora type bucks of around 4.5 years. After an elapse of seven days as maturation period, the product was evaluated for changes in physico-chemical (pH, titrable acidity), microbiological (SPC, halophilic, yeasts and mold counts) and organoleptic properties at an interval of 15 days upto 60 days of storage at room temperature (17.20 ± 0.45 C and R. H. 53.60 ± 1.67%). Initial mean pH and titrable acidity of the product was 4.71 ± 0.02 and 0.74 ± 0.04 which reached to 4.77 ± 0.03 and 0.83 ± 0.07 respectively on 60th day of storage. Microbiological counts and sensory quality traits did not show appreciable change and remained satisfactory during the entire period of storage study.
Here comes the semiotic species : reflections on the semiotic turn in the cognitive sciences.

Cognitive semiotics – or, perhaps better, semiotic cognitive science – aims to bring together the knowledge base and models of cognitive science and semiotics. It seems to have been invented several times over, probably because it is needed. What seems to be lacking, most of the time, in semiotics, is real empirical research. What is fundamentally missing in cognitive science is a conception of meaning.
Phylogeography and genetic structure of the edible sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus (Echinodermata: Echinoidea) inferred from the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene

Phylogeographical analysis of Paracentrotus lividus was carried out by means of sequencing the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene (1143 bp) of 260 individuals collected at 22 Mediterranean and four Atlantic localities. Against a background of high haplotype diversity and shallow genetic structuring, we observed significant genetic divergence between the Adriatic Sea and the rest of the Mediterranean, as well as between the Mediterranean and the Atlantic sample groups. Furthermore, on the largest spatial scale, isolation by distance was detected. Three main haplogroups were identified by network and Bayesian assignment analyses. The relative proportions of haplogroups were different in the four regions considered, with the exception of Western and Eastern Mediterranean that showed a similar pattern. This result together with the outcome of Snn statistics, analysis of molecular variance and network analyses allowed to identify three weakly differentiated populations corresponding to the Atlantic, Western + Eastern Mediterranean, and Adriatic seas. Analyses of mismatch distribution and neutrality tests were consistent with the presence of genetic structuring and past demographic expansion(s). From a fisheries perspective, the results obtained in the present study are consistent with genetic sustainability of current exploitation; local depleted stocks are recurrently replenished by recruits that may have originated from nonharvested areas. © 2010 The Linnean Society of London, Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2010, 100, 910-923.
Immunohistochemical analysis of renal solid and papillary-ductal carcinoma in dogs.

Received: Revised: Accepted: December 09, 2013 April 25, 2014 April 26, 2014 The paper includes description of neoplastic lesions in canine kidneys, sampled during surgery or post mortem. The tumours were subjected to morphological and immunohistochemical analysis using antibodies specific for c-kit, cytokeratin AE1/AE3, CD10, vimentin, Carcinoembryonic Antigen (CAE), Ki-67. The obtained results permitted to specify an accurate histopathological diagnosis. ©2014 PVJ. All rights reserved
Análise de trilha de componentes de produção primários e secundários em tomateiro do grupo Salada

The objective of this work was to evaluate the genotypic correlations and their development in direct and indirect effects of primary and secondary yield components on the fruit production of tomato accessions of the Salad group using path analysis. Data of 20 characters of 132 tomato accessions of the Salad group from the Germplasm Bank of Universidade Federal de Vicosa were used. After multicollinearity diagnosis, eight characters were discarded, and the path analysis was carried out with: main variable (total fruit yield); primary variables (average fruit weight and total number of fruits); and secondary variables (non-commercial fruits, precocity index, leaf length, thickness of main petiole, stem internode length and diameter, number of locules, total acidity and total soluble solids of the fruits). Leaf length, precocity index and stem internode diameter were the characters with highest genotypic correlation with total fruit yield. The path analysis with only one causal diagram showed equal importance of the primary variables in determining the yield (0.69, -0.54, 0.5, respectively). The path analysis with two causal diagrams showed that the simultaneous selection of leaf length and stem internode diameter can be a good alternative for obtaining gains in the total fruit yield.
Distribution, ecological attributes and trade of the New Guinea carpet python (Morelia spilota) in Indonesia

Carpet pythons (Morelia spilota) are medium-sized non-venomous snakes inhabiting most of continental Australia and a small area of New Guinea. They have been relatively well studied in Australia, but little is known about the New Guinea population, even though it is harvested and exported from Indonesia for the international pet trade. In total, 281 locality records were compiled for two distinct populations south of latitude 7°S in Papua New Guinea and the Indonesian province of Papua. Traders in Papua collected 274 carpet pythons (most of which were recently hatched neonates) for the pet trade. Data from a sample of 174 individuals revealed little sexual dimorphism in any traits, although males appear to grow larger than females despite females maturing at greater lengths. Fecundity was high (average 17 eggs) and reproduction was highly seasonal, with hatching in December and January. Harvest quotas for the province of Papua were exceeded in all years between 2000 and 2009 due to 50% of the national quota being allocated to West Papua province where this species is yet to be recorded. The present study provides distribution, trade and ecological information to inform conservation management of this species in Indonesia.
Flower Bud Atrophy in Baccara Roses. V. The Effect of Different Growth Substances on Flowering

Changes in gibberellin content and of the production of ethylene in the two upper shoots of roses were measured as affected by decreasing temperature and light intensity, factors which encourage flower atrophy. Decreases in temperature or light intensity to the whole plant reduce the endogenous content of gibberellin in the leaves of the two shoots. The decrease is more rapid and occurs earlier in leaves of the second shoot from the top, where “blindness” is more common. There was also a drop in the gibberellin content, when individual shoots were shaded, although the decrease was more moderate. A lowered light intensity reduced the production of endogenous ethylene by the two shoots, but in the second shoot this production increased after a number of days, before atrophy of the flower bud took place. It is suggested that gibberellin participates in the endogenous control of rose flower development, and the possibility is discussed that it acts by directing the translocation of metabolites to the flower bud.
Numerical and functional response of feral cats (Felis catus) to variations in abundance of primary prey on Stewart Island (Rakiura), New Zealand

Few studies of populations of feral cats have simultaneously monitored the seasonal abundance of primary prey and the possible ‘prey-switch’ to alternative prey when primary prey abundance declines. On Stewart Island, when the abundance of feral cats’ primary prey, rats (Rattus spp.), was very low, significantly more cats died or left the study area than when rats were abundant. Cats preferentially preyed on rats regardless of rat abundance. Birds were the main alternative prey but cats did not prey-switch to birds when rat abundance was low, possibly owing to the difficulty of capture, and small mass, of birds compared with rats. On Stewart Island numbers of feral cats are restricted by seasonal depressions in abundance of their primary prey, coupled with limited alternative prey biomass.
Responses of birds to planting of Lotus tenuis pasture in the Flooding Pampas, Argentina

Abstract The Flooding Pampas is the most important livestock region of Argentina, but is a region where replacement of originally natural, perennial tussock grasses by pasture species is changing the heterogeneity of the grassland system. We evaluated the response of grassland bird assemblages of the Flooding Pampas to planting of Lotus tenuis (Lotus) pasture, which mainly modifies vegetation structure by reducing vertical heterogeneity. Species richness and abundance of birds were compared between fields of Lotus pasture and semi-natural grasslands. Avian species richness and abundance were both greater in semi-natural grassland than in Lotus pasture. When grouped by nesting habits (grassland specialists, generalists), species richness and abundance of grassland specialists was greater in semi-natural grassland, whereas richness and abundance of generalist species was greater in Lotus pasture. An indicator-species analysis showed that five grassland birds were closely linked to semi-natural grassland vegetation, with two of those species—Hudson's Canastero (Asthenes hudsoni) and Bay-capped Wren-Spinetail (Spartonoica maluroides)—of conservation concern.1 In contrast, generalist species, such as Southern Lapwings (Vanellus chilensis) and Burrowing Owls (Athene cunicularia), were associated with Lotus pasture. Planting of Lotus pasture has negative effects on species that naturally occur in tussock grassland. Grassland management methods, such as intercropping and rotational grazing, could help reconcile the effects of livestock production and the conservation grassland bird conservation in the Flooding Pampas.
Fungal alteration of the elemental composition of leaf litter affects shredder feeding activity

1. Leaf litter from riparian vegetation provides the main source of matter and energy for food webs of small forest streams. Shredding macroinvertebrates mostly feed on this litter when it has been colonised and conditioned by microorganisms, especially by aquatic hyphomycetes. Since shredders feed selectively, they must make foraging decisions based on the physical and chemical characteristics of the food resource, which can change depending on the identity of fungal species. 2. Here, we addressed the effect of changes in fungal assemblage structure on the elemental composi- tion of oak (Quercus robur) leaf litter and how variation in litter quality affects the feeding of a stream shredder. Leaf discs were incubated in microcosms for 2 weeks, inoculated with various fungal assemblages comprised of three species each, and offered to a shredder (Schizopelex festiva, Trichoptera: Sericostomatidae) as food. 3. This shredder ate more leaves with a high mycelial biomass, which depended on fungal assemblage composition. Leaf litter conditioned by different fungal assemblages resulted in different litter N and P concentrations. Mycelial biomass was positively related to litter P concentration, with the lowest and highest P concentrations differing by 40% at most, but not to litter N concentration, even though the lowest and highest N concentrations differed by as much as 35%. The caddisfly larvae ate more leaves with a low C/P ratio. 4. These findings suggest a key role of litter P concentration in eliciting fungal conditioning effects on shredder-mediated litter decomposition.
Whole-tree water use by Pinus cembra at the treeline in the Central Tyrolean Alps

Background and Aims: In contrast to the wealth of information on sap flow characteristics of forest trees at low-elevation sites, knowledge is scarce for trees within the treeline ecotone. Thus, our aim was to identify environmental controls on water loss in P. cembra trees at the treeline. Methods: Three isolated individuals were equipped with thermal dissipation probes for monitoring sap flow density (QS ). A Jarvis-type model and multiple linear regression, with irradiance and vapour pressure deficit as explanatory variables, were applied to compare predicted and measured sap flow density. Results: Both models successfully predicted measured QS . The Jarvis model tended to underestimate QS values by 25% on average, as compared with an underestimate of 8% by multiple linear regression analysis. The multiple linear regression analysis also allowed discrimination between effects of irradiance (RS ) and vapour pressure deficit (D) on QS , indicating that RS (ß-coefficient = 0.70) had a greater effect on QS than D (ß-coefficient = 0.25). Whole-tree water loss scaled to ground surface area (1.9 ± 0.5 mm d−1) was within the range reported for adjacent low-stature vegetation. Conclusions: The results suggest that the multiple linear regression approach is superior to the non-linear Jarvis-type model, as this approach allows discrimination between the effects of RS and the effects of D on QS .
Temperature dependence of guard cell respiration and stomatal conductance co-segregate in an F2 population of Pima cotton

In Pima cotton (Gossypium barbadense L.), stomatal conductance shows a strong response to temperature. At high temperature (40˚C), the stomatal conductance of greenhouse- and growth chamber-grown leaves is three and four times higher than that measured at lower temperature (25oC), respectively. The segregation of stom-atal conductance observed in an F2 population obtained from a cross between a primitive cotton (B368) and a modern Pima line (Pima S-6) increased substantially with temperature in both light and darkness. Furthermore, F2 segregants with high stomatal conductance at high temperature were more sensitive to temperature, showing larger changes in conductance in response to an increase in temperature when compared to F2 segregants having low stomatal conductance. Rates of guard cell respiration measured in enzymatically-cleaned epidermal peels, mechanically isolated from the same F2 plants, showed the same temperature dependence. The temperature-induced respiration enhancement was higher in guard cells with high respiration rates. There were positive correlations between stomatal conductance and guard cell respiration rates, and between stomatal conductance and the sensitivity of respiration to changes in temperature. These results imply that guard cell respiration and stomatal conductance co-segregate in Pima cotton plants, suggesting that guard cell respiration is a component of the sensory transduction pathway controlling stomatal responses to temperature.
L'éventail de la densité du bois des feuillus : Comparaison entre différentes régions du monde

Les densites du bois calculees pour 3805 especes ont une distribution normale, avec une moyenne de 0,73. Malgre la grande diversite botanique, il n'existe pas de difference bien significative entre les differentes zones geographiques, exception faite du deficit en bois extremement lourd dans l'echantillonnage venant d'une zone a climat tempere. De meme il n'y a pas de reelles differences entre les moyennes et les distributions des bois d'une meme famille botanique selon les provenances. Ainsi, la meme anomalie dans la distribution des densites des bois de la famille des Euphorbiacees apparait-elle sur tous les continents.
Marine shelf habitat: biogeography and evolution

We synthesize the evolutionary implications of recent advances in the fields of phylogeography, biogeography and palaeogeography for shallow‐water marine species, focusing on marine speciation and the relationships among the biogeographic regions and provinces of the world. A recent revision of biogeographic provinces has resulted in the recognition of several new provinces and a re‐evaluation of provincial relationships. These changes, and the information that led to them, make possible a clarification of distributional dynamics and evolutionary consequences. Most of the new conclusions pertain to biodiversity hotspots in the tropical Atlantic, tropical Indo‐West Pacific, cold‐temperate North Pacific, and the cold Southern Ocean. The emphasis is on the fish fauna, although comparative information on invertebrates is utilized when possible. Although marine biogeographic provinces are characterized by endemism and thus demonstrate evolutionary innovation, dominant species appear to arise within smaller centres of high species diversity and maximum interspecies competition. Species continually disperse from such centres of origin and are readily accommodated in less diverse areas. Thus, the diversity centres increase or maintain species diversity within their areas of influence, and are part of a global system responsible for the maintenance of biodiversity over much of the marine world.
Characterization of the Proteins From Grapes and Wines by Immunological Methods

In a previous work, we produced highly specific, polyclonal antibodies against the total proteins or individual polypeptides of a Portuguese wine prepared from the single grape variety Assario. Using immunological methods, immunoblotting in particular, we have applied these antibodies to analyze the origin of the wine proteins and to detect the presence of identical or similar proteins in distinct wines or in wines prepared from different grape varieties. The results obtained indicate that the different Assario wine proteins show some degree of structural similarity. Furthermore, when the total protein composition of grape skin, pulp, seed, stem, leaf and yeast was analyzed, the Assario proteins were found to originate entirely from the pulp. However, important changes were noted to occur in the pulp proteins during vinification. On the other hand, grapes from different, white or red varieties, were found to contain a set of polypeptides identical to those present in the Assario grapes. In addition, wines appear to contain a structurally identical or very similar set of polypeptides, regardless of the variety, year or region of the grapes utilized in their production.
Disturbance mediates the effects of nutrients on developing assemblages of epibiota

Local dynamics such as resource enhancement (e.g. nutrient supply) and stochastic events of destruction (disturbances that provide new space) are hypothesized to counteractively affect species diversity and composition.We tested the independent and interactive effects of nutrients and disturbance on the development of assemblages of epibiota attached to vertical surfaces in an oligotrophic system. Nutrient concentrations were manipulated at three levels (ambient, medium and high) while disturbance was manipulated by removing biomass at seven frequencies (0x, 2x, 3x, 4x, 5x, 7x, 12x). Nutrient and disturbance regimes had opposing effects on diversity such that species richness increased with resource enhancement (nutrients) and declined with disturbance. These results support the model that increased heterogeneity of distribution of limiting resources allows the coexistence of species with low and high resource requirements.
An investigation into effects of in vitro glycation on type I collagen fibrillar structure and related biochemistry

Overall, this project aimed to evaluate and advance the use of two techniques in the study of structural changes brought about by in vitro glycation of mouse tail tendon type I collagen. Firstly, using transmission electron microscopy with positive staining, study of collagen glycation by glucose, galactose, fructose and ribose was conducted. Site specificity of glycation along the fibril was seen and it was demonstrated for the first time using this method that there was variation in the progression of the process between the monosaccharides, suggesting different reaction mechanisms and determinants of site specificity for each sugar. From the early changes after 1 week galactose treatment, early-preferred glycation sites for this sugar were indicated. Using sorbitol, broad non-glycation-related sugar binding along the fibril was identified and this was also seen following galactose, fructose and ribose treatment. Secondly, using X-ray diffraction with isomorphous replacement, a 1D electron density map for collagen fibrils in mouse tail was constructed for the first time as a baseline for this and future intended glycation studies in mice. Use of this technique to study tendon incubated for 2 weeks in ribose and galactose showed electron density changes that appeared consistent with the corresponding electron microscopy glycation data. Using HPLC with fluorescence detection, it was shown that the four sugars produced different “fingerprint” profiles of products of glycation. Galactose produced a similar profile to glucose as hypothesised. However despite its chemical similarity to glucose, galactose also produced glycation products that were absent from the glucose profile. The biochemical information produced was invaluable for interpretation of the data from the structural techniques, inasmuch as providing representations of the relative extents of glycation occurring during each monosaccharide and control treatment. In conclusion, this thesis has demonstrated for the first time that transmission electron microscopy with positive staining, and X-ray diffraction with isomorphous replacement techniques together are useful complementary methods for studying glycation-related changes in type I collagen structure. It is anticipated that these techniques together will be of value in further in vitro and in vivo studies of type I collagen glycation, contributing to a better understanding of the structural bases of the deleterious effects of this process during diabetes and ageing.
Pattern, Purpose and Profile of Travelers Attending Yellow Fever Vaccination Centre in Mumbai. -

Introduction: Yellow fever is an acute viral hemorrhagic disease transmitted by infected Aedes mosquitoes. India is free from Yellow Fever. Government of India has provided facility for vaccination against Yellow Fever for those who are travelling to yellow fever endemic countries. Objective: Present study was conducted to understand the travel purpose, pattern and socio-demographic profile of persons coming for Yellow Fever Vaccination. Materials & Methods: Study was conducted in Yellow Fever Vaccination (YFV) centre of APHO Mumbai. A total of 150 persons attending YFV centre of APHO Mumbai were enrolled for the study by using systematic random sampling. Study was conducted with permission of appropriate authorities and all necessary precautions were taken to protect the confidentiality and rights of study participants. Results: More than 80% of the study participants were travelling to Africa while 10 (6.7%) to South America, 5 (3.3%) were seafarer and 14 (9.3%) had other destinations. Majority, 58 (38.7%) were travelling for tourism purpose, 54 (36%) for work, 20 (13.3%) for business, 7 (4.7%) for attending family functions, 6 (4.0%) for higher studies and 5 (3.3%) were seafarers. Average age of travellers was 39 years (Mean ± SD; 39 ± 13 years) ranging from 19 to 72 years. Out of 150 study participants 108 (72%) were from Mumbai, 100 (66.7%) were educated up to graduation, more than 50% were skilled workers and median monthly income was Rs 30000 only. Conclusion: International travellers are at more risk of acquiring and / or transmitting infectious diseases. Major Airports & Ports having international departures and arrivals should be strengthened enough to practice Travel Medicine through Travel Health Clinics.