Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Investigação das concepções espontâneas sobre pediculose entre pais, professores, direção e alunos de educação infantil e anos iniciais

EnglishThis paper shows the results of research made on a sample group into the nature of and symtoms of Pediculosis capitis (head lice) infestation. The sample group was taken from a public school in the municipality Cachoeira do Sul, Rio Grand do Sul Brasil. The group studied was composed of 10 teaching staff, 3 members of the school board, 82 parents and 167 pupils from both the nursery and basic education phases of the school. Two methods of study were used; a structured questionaire was given to each of the staff, members of the board and parents to be completed. To asses the responses from the children an interview was made using projected images as a visual aid to help them understand the nature of the questions. Following this research it was concluded that head lice (Pediculosis capitis) was not considered a disease and that the school was considered the most likely source of infestation and transference It also found the persistence of certain myths with regard to head lice, for example, the louse is a winged insect , able to fly and that it is associated with poor hygiene. portuguesEste artigo relata a investigacao das concepcoes sobre pediculose, com uma amostra de 10 professores, 3 membros da equipe diretiva, 82 pais e 167 alunos de educacao infantil e anos iniciais em uma escola da rede municipal de Cachoeira do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Foram aplicados dois instrumentos de investigacao: um questionario fechado aplicados aos pais, professores e equipe diretiva e uma entrevista projetiva aplicada aos alunos. Verificou-se que a pediculose nao foi considerada uma doenca e foi apontada a escola como o local mais propicio ao contagio. Foram constatados mitos sobre a doenca, como associar a pediculose a falta de higiene e o piolho ser um parasita capaz de voar.
Predicting the Impact of Water Stress on the Yield of Different Maize Hybrids

Two field experiments were carried out at Giza Agricultural Research Station, Agricultural Research Center, Egypt during 2004 and 2005 growing seasons to simulate the effect of imposing water stress on the yield of two maize hybrids (TWC 310 and TWC 324) planted under four different irrigation intervals i.e. irrigation every seven days, irrigation every seven days until silking then irrigation every two weeks, irrigation every two weeks until silking then irrigation every seven days, and irrigation every two weeks during the whole season. "Yield-Stress" model was used to predict the effect of reducing 20% and 30% of applied irrigation water on maize yield and water consumptive use. The model accuracy was tested by calculating percent difference between actual and predicted yield, root mean square error (RMSE) and Willmott index of agreement. The model prediction showed high accuracy, where percent differences between actual and predicted yield were either low or zero. Furthermore, RMSE was 0.0005 and 0.0093 over all hybrids in 2004 and 2005 growing seasons, respectively. Similarly, Willmott index was 0.9999 for both growing seasons. Regarding to water consumptive use, RMSE was 0.0467 and 0.0505 over all the two hybrids for 2004 and 2005 growing seasons, respectively. Whereas, Willmott index was 0.9996 and 0.9995. Results showed that 20% of irrigation water could be saved under irrigation every seven days or irrigation every seven days until silking then irrigation every two weeks, with low reduction in maize yield. Furthermore, under deducting of 30% of actual irrigation water, large yield losses were observed.
Shanghai Rising: State Power and Local Transformations in a Global Megacity.

Shanghai deservedly attracts much scholarly attention, both inside and outside China, as a striking exemplar of China’s resurgence onto the world scene. This edited compilation emphasizes the dimension of comparison with other developing and developed world cities, beginning Part I with both a strength and a weakness of this volume: contributions from scholars whose background is not in studying Shanghai. It is a laudable effort to engage non-China specialists but shows the risks involved. Although the contributors are well known for work on global city theory, aerotropolis complexes, Bangkok, and high-tech clusters, their value for understanding Shanghai’s development is less convincing.
HIV epidemiologic trends among occupational groups in Rakai, Uganda: A population-based longitudinal study, 1999–2016

Certain occupations have been associated with heightened risk of HIV acquisition and spread in sub-Saharan Africa, including female bar and restaurant work and male transportation work. However, data on changes in population prevalence of HIV infection and HIV incidence within occupations following mass scale-up of African HIV treatment and prevention programs is very limited. We evaluated prospective data collected between 1999 and 2016 from the Rakai Community Cohort Study, a longitudinal population-based study of 15- to 49-year-old persons in Uganda. Adjusted prevalence risk ratios for overall, treated, and untreated, prevalent HIV infection, and incidence rate ratios for HIV incidence with 95% confidence intervals were estimated using Poisson regression to assess changes in HIV outcomes by occupation. Analyses were stratified by gender. There were 33,866 participants, including 19,113 (56%) women. Overall, HIV seroprevalence declined in most occupational subgroups among men, but increased or remained mostly stable among women. In contrast, prevalence of untreated HIV substantially declined between 1999 and 2016 in most occupations, irrespective of gender, including by 70% among men (12.3 to 4.2%; adjPRR = 0.30; 95%CI:0.23–0.41) and by 78% among women (14.7 to 4.0%; adjPRR = 0.22; 95%CI:0.18–0.27) working in agriculture, the most common self-reported primary occupation. Exceptions included men working in transportation. HIV incidence similarly declined in most occupations, but there were no reductions in incidence among female bar and restaurant workers, women working in local crafts, or men working in transportation. In summary, untreated HIV infection and HIV incidence have declined within most occupational groups in Uganda. However, women working in bars/restaurants and local crafts and men working in transportation continue to have a relatively high burden of untreated HIV and HIV incidence, and as such, should be considered priority populations for HIV programming.
Modelling the emergence of social-bird biological controls to mitigate invasions of the spotted lanternfly and similar invasive pests

The spotted lanternfly is an emerging global invasive insect pest. Due to a lack of natural enemies where it is invasive, human intervention is required. Extensive management has been applied but the spread continues. Recently, the idea of bird-based biological controls has re-emerged and shown effective in studies. However, it is questionable, if birds are able to effectively control unfamiliar and occasionally toxic invasive pests in short timeframes. Unless, perhaps, the birds are effective social learners and toxicity of the invaders is rare. Here, we introduce a mathematical model for social learning in a great tit-like bird to investigate conditions for the emergence of a collective biological control of a pest that is occasionally toxic, like the lanternfly. We find that the social observation rate relative to the proportion of toxic lanternfly dictate when collective biological controls will emerge. We also implement the social learning model into a model of collective motion in bird-like animals, and find that it produces results consistent with the mathematical model. Our work suggests that social birds may be useful in managing the spotted lanternfly, and that removing the toxicity-inducing preferred host of the lanternfly should be a priority to facilitate this.
Escape from fraught states in a coordination game

Through a behavioural coordination game played by groups of humans and simulated with agent-based models, we investigated a social network dilemma that we call fraughtness. Seven players, connected to one another in various topologies via a computer network, each had to move a slider to the left or right along a horizontal bar on their screen. The goal was for all the players to move their slider to the same side. Players received feedback indicating the degree to which they and their neighbours agreed about the choice of side. When the topology had a hierarchical branching structure, the groups often got stuck in fraughtness: players on one branch favoured one side, while players on the other branch favoured the other; because all were receiving supportive local feedback, nobody wanted to change. Nevertheless, after being stuck in fraughtness for some time, most groups managed to escape it. Fraughtness is arguably an analog of generally negatively viewed social phenomena like polarization and echo chambers. Our analyses suggest that while fraughtness is problematic, it is closely linked to successful structure formation—it thus may be most effective to focus not on how to banish it, but on how to resolve it.
Developmental temperature, more than long‐term evolution, defines thermal tolerance in an estuarine copepod

Abstract Climate change is resulting in increasing ocean temperatures and salinity variability, particularly in estuarine environments. Tolerance of temperature and salinity change interact and thus may impact organismal resilience. Populations can respond to multiple stressors in the short‐term (i.e., plasticity) or over longer timescales (i.e., adaptation). However, little is known about the short‐ or long‐term effects of elevated temperature on the tolerance of acute temperature and salinity changes. Here, we characterized the response of the near‐shore and estuarine copepod, Acartia tonsa, to temperature and salinity stress. Copepods originated from one of two sets of replicated >40 generation‐old temperature‐adapted lines: ambient (AM, 18°C) and ocean warming (OW, 22°C). Copepods from these lines were subjected to one and three generations at the reciprocal temperature. Copepods from all treatments were then assessed for differences in acute temperature and salinity tolerance. Development (one generation), three generations, and >40 generations of warming increased thermal tolerance compared to Ambient conditions, with development in OW resulting in equal thermal tolerance to three and >40 generations of OW. Strikingly, developmental OW and >40 generations of OW had no effect on low salinity tolerance relative to ambient. By contrast, when environmental salinity was reduced first, copepods had lower thermal tolerances. These results highlight the critical role for plasticity in the copepod climate response and suggest that salinity variability may reduce copepod tolerance to subsequent warming.
Body size and trophic structure explain global asymmetric response of tetrapod diversity to climate effects

Abstract Although climate‐based hypotheses are widely used to explain large‐scale diversity patterns, they fall short of explaining the spatial variation among taxonomic groups. Integrating food web and metabolic theories into macroecology is a promising step forward, as they allow including explicit taxon‐specific traits that can potentially mediate the relationship between climate and diversity. Our investigation focuses on the role of body size and trophic structure in mediating the influence of contemporary climate and historical climate change on global tetrapods species richness. We used piecewise structural equation modeling to assess the direct effects of contemporary climate and climate instability of species richness and the indirect effects of climate on tetrapod richness mediated by community‐wide species traits. We found that birds and mammals are less sensitive to the direct effect of contemporary climate than amphibians and squamates. Contemporary climate and climate instability favored the species richness of mammals and amphibians. However, for birds and squamates, this link is only associated with contemporary climate. Moreover, we showed that community‐wide traits are correlated with species richness gradients. However, we highlight that this relationship is dependent upon the specific traits and taxonomic groups. Specifically, bird communities with smaller bodies and bottom‐heavy structures support higher species richness. Squamates also tend to be more diverse in communities with prevalence of smaller bodies, while mammals are correlated with top‐heavy structures. Moreover, we showed that higher contemporary climate and climate instability reduce the species richness of birds and mammals through community‐wide traits and indirectly increase squamate species richness. We also showed that body size and trophic structure are driving a global asymmetric response of tetrapod diversity to climate effects, which highlights the limitation to use the “typical” climate‐based hypotheses. Furthermore, by combining multiple theories, our research contributes to a more realistic and mechanistic understanding of diversity patterns across taxonomic groups.
Lambdoid Suture Defect in a 12-year-old Neurofibromatosis Patient

Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF-1) is the most common neurocutaneous syndrome. It is inherited in an autosomal dominant manner, with many patients having the syndrome as the result of a de novo mutation. NF-1 is caused by a mutation in the NF-1 gene located on the chromosome 17q11.2. NF-1 gene mutations result in the absence or reduced function of neurofibromin protein, thereby promoting tumor development and other clinical findings. NF-1 is fully penetrant, and it is commonly manifested by café-au-lait macules, axillary and/or inguinal freckling, neurofibromas, and Lisch nodules in the eyes. Skeletal manifestations include scoliosis, short stature, long bone dysplasia, and pseudoarthrosis. Rarely, NF-1 can manifest lambdoid suture defects. This report describes the case of a 12-year-old neurofibromatosis patient who presented to the pediatric clinic with a palpable posterior scalp defect, as well as café-au-lait macules and Lisch nodules. Diagnosis of NF-1 was made clinically. MRI and CT scan were done, and the patient was diagnosed with a lambdoid suture defect that is not associated with plexiform neurofibroma. Moreover, whole exome sequence (WES) was done, and diagnosis of NF-1 was confirmed. Watchful waiting and continuous monitoring were the management of choice for this case.
On performance analysis of hybrid FSO/RF systems

In this work, the author investigate the performance of the hybrid free-space optical/radio frequency (FSO/RF) communication systems where RF links are subject to Nakagami-m distribution fading effects. The author derive the statistical characteristics of the hybrid FSO/RF systems in closed-form in terms of Meijer's G-function and the extended generalised bivariate Meijer's G-function. Then, the author rely on these new results to present the performance analysis of the selection combining diversity based on hybrid FSO/RF systems. Also, the author consider a Gamma–Gamma turbulence distribution under the impact of pointing errors and subject to both types of detection techniques (i.e. heterodyne detection and intensity modulation with direct detection (IM/DD)) in the FSO link. Computer-based Monte–Carlo simulations are proved the accuracy of the new analytical results.
Enzyme-accelerated CO2 capture and storage (CCS) using paper and pulp residues as co-sequestrating agents

In the present work, four CaCO3-rich solid residues from the pulp and paper industry (lime mud, green liquor sludge, electrostatic precipitator dust, and lime dregs) were assessed for their potential as co-sequestrating agents in carbon capture. Carbonic anhydrase (CA) was added to promote both CO2 hydration and residue mineral dissolution, offering an enhancement in CO2-capture yield under atmospheric (up to 4-fold) and industrial-gas mimic conditions (up to 2.2-fold). Geological CO2 storage using olivine as a reference material was employed in two stages: one involving mineral dissolution, with leaching of Mg2+ and SiO2 from olivine; and the second involving mineral carbonation, converting Mg2+ and bicarbonate to MgCO3 as a permanent storage form of CO2. The results showed an enhanced carbonation yield up to 6.9%, when CA was added in the prior CO2-capture step. The proposed route underlines the importance of the valorization of industrial residues toward achieving neutral, or even negative emissions in the case of bioenergy-based plants, without the need for energy-intensive compression and long-distance transport of the captured CO2. This is a proof of concept for an integrated strategy in which a biocatalyst is applied as a CO2-capture promoter while CO2 storage can be done near industrial sites with adequate geological characteristics.
Seroprevalence and Potential Risk Factors of Toxocariasis among General Population in Southwest Iran: Implications on the One Health Approach

Toxocariasis is one of the most common zoonotic diseases distributed worldwide. This study aimed to estimate the seroprevalence of anti-Toxocara immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies and the associated risk factors among general populations living in urban and rural areas of Abadan and Khorramshahr cities in Khuzestan Province, Southwest Iran. This cross-sectional study was conducted between March and September 2022. There were 363 participants (190 females and 173 males) aged from <20 to ≥60 years old. Anti-Toxocara IgG antibodies in serum samples were measured using a commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). A structured questionnaire was employed to collect information regarding sociodemographic status and probable risk factors associated with toxocariasis. It was found that the seroprevalence rate in males (15.0%, 95% CI = 10.47–21.11) was higher than in females (10.5%, 95% CI = 6.92–15.70). Moreover, we observed that the seroprevalence was higher in participants at younger ages compared to other age ranges (COR = 2.55, 95% CI = 0.92–7.12, p =0.073). The findings of the univariate analysis revealed that residency in rural areas (p < 0.001), using unpurified water (p < 0.001), contact with dog (p =0.002), contact with soil (p < 0.001), consumption of improperly washed vegetables (p < 0.001), and history of drinking untreated water (p < 0.001) were risk factors associated with toxocariasis. Further comprehensive studies with a focus on humans and animals should be designed in different areas of the Province. The data represented by the current study are useful to health policymakers to consider precise surveillance and effective prevention measures to control this zoonotic infection among general populations.
Special Collection: Biology and Management of Arthropod Pests Associated with Hemp Evaluating the impact of light quality on plant–herbivore interactions using hemp as the model system

Light-emitting diodes (LED) offer energy-efficient and customizable light sources that can be tailored to optimize plant chemistry and growth characteristics. Indoor cannabis production is the most energy-intensive crop in the United States and suffers from insect pest infestations including the cannabis aphid, Phorodon cannabis Passerini, which can negatively impact yield. Here we investigated the potential of light quality (color) to manage Cannabis sativa plant chemistry and cannabis aphids to increase crop quality. Cannabis was grown indoors under LED lighting systems where we manipulated the color spectrum. Within each light treatment, a subset of plants was exposed to aphid herbivory. Physical and chemical plant responses and aphid biology were measured. The interaction between light quality and herbivory drove the time to the first flower (cola) in our experimental plants. Light quality did not impact THC/CBD, but plants under increased blue light had higher bud yield than those grown under white light. The red–blue light treatment resulted in the tallest plants with the lowest leaf-stem dry mass and bud yield. Herbivory decreased bud yield and lowered the concentration of CBD/THC in buds. Lastly, light quality impacted the reproduction and mortality of the cannabis aphid. This study demonstrates the capacity of light quality to impact plant growth traits but offers no evidence for light quality impacting CBD/THC production in Cannabis . More importantly, herbivory resulting from aphid feeding was shown to decrease CBD and THC. Light quality impacted pest biology, supporting the potential use of light quality as a pest management tool.
Incidence and Risk Factors of the Caudal Screw Loosening after Pelvic Fixation for Adult Spinal Deformity: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

The purpose of this study was to assess the factors affecting caudal screw loosening after spinopelvic fixation for adult patients with spinal deformity. This meta-analysis calculated the weighted mean difference (WMD) and odds ratio (OR) using Review Manager ver. 5.3 (RevMan; Cochrane, London, UK). The loosening group was older than the control group (WMD, 2.17; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.48–3.87; p=0.01). The S2 alar-iliac (S2AI) could prevent the caudal screw from loosening (OR, 0.43; 95% CI, 0.20–0.94; p=0.03). However, gender distribution (p=0.36), the number of fusion segments (p=0.24), rod breakage (p=0.97), T-score (p=0.10), and proximal junctional kyphosis (p=0.75) demonstrated no difference. Preoperatively, only pelvic incidence (PI) in the loosening group was higher (WMD, 5.08; 95% CI, 2.71–7.45; p<0.01), while thoracic kyphosis (p=0.09), lumbar lordosis (LL) (p=0.69), pelvic tilt (PT) (p=0.31), pelvic incidence minus lumbar lordosis (PI–LL) (p=0.35), sagittal vertical axis (SVA) (p=0.27), and T1 pelvic angle (TPA) demonstrated no difference (p=0.10). PI–LL (WMD, 6.05; 95% CI, 0.96–11.14; p=0.02), PT (WMD, 4.12; 95% CI, 0.99–7.26; p=0.01), TPA (WMD, 4.72; 95% CI, 2.35–7.09; p<0.01), and SVA (WMD, 13.35; 95% CI, 2.83–3.87; p=0.001) were higher in the screw loosening group immediately postoperatively. However, TK (p=0.24) and LL (p=0.44) demonstrated no difference. TPA (WMD, 8.38; 95% CI, 3.30–13.47; p<0.01), PT (WMD, 6.01; 95% CI, 1.47–10.55; p=0.01), and SVA (WMD, 23.13; 95% CI, 12.06–34.21; p<0.01) were higher in the screw loosening group at the final follow-up. However, PI–LL (p=0.17) demonstrated no significant difference. Elderly individuals were more susceptible to the caudal screw loosening, and the S2AI screw might better reduce the caudal screw loosening rate than the iliac screws. The lumbar lordosis and sagittal alignment should be reconstructed properly to prevent the caudal screw from loosening. Measures to block sagittal alignment deterioration could also prevent the caudal screw from loosening.