Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Simple Transferability Estimation for Regression Tasks

We consider transferability estimation, the problem of estimating how well deep learning models transfer from a source to a target task. We focus on regression tasks, which received little previous attention, and propose two simple and computationally efficient approaches that estimate transferability based on the negative regularized mean squared error of a linear regression model. We prove novel theoretical results connecting our approaches to the actual transferability of the optimal target models obtained from the transfer learning process. Despite their simplicity, our approaches significantly outperform existing state-of-the-art regression transferability estimators in both accuracy and efficiency. On two large-scale keypoint regression benchmarks, our approaches yield 12% to 36% better results on average while being at least 27% faster than previous state-of-the-art methods.
Fed-LAMB: Layer-wise and Dimension-wise Locally Adaptive Federated Learning

In the emerging paradigm of Federated Learning (FL), large amount of clients such as mobile devices are used to train possibly high-dimensional models on their respective data. Combining ( dimension-wise ) adaptive gradient meth-ods (e.g., Adam, AMSGrad) with FL has been an active direction, which is shown to outperform traditional SGD based FL in many cases. In this paper, we focus on the problem of training federated deep neural networks, and propose a novel FL framework which further introduces layer-wise adaptivity to the local model updates to accelerate the convergence of adaptive FL methods. Our framework includes two variants based on two recent locally adaptive federated learning algorithms. Theoretically, we provide a convergence analysis of our layer-wise FL methods, coined Fed-LAMB and Mime-LAMB, which match the convergence rate of state-of-the-art results in adaptive FL and exhibits linear speedup in terms of the number of workers. Experimental results on various datasets and models, under both IID and non-IID local data settings, show that both Fed-LAMB and Mime-LAMB achieve faster convergence speed and better generalization performance, compared to various recent adaptive FL methods.
Ovariectomy-Induced Arterial Stiffening Differs from Vascular Aging and is Reversed by GPER Activation

Arterial stiffness is a cardiovascular risk factor and dramatically increases as women transition through menopause. The current study assessed whether a mouse model of menopause increases arterial stiffness in a similar manner to aging, and whether activation of the G protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER) could reverse stiffness. Female C57Bl/6J mice were ovariectomized (OVX) at 10 weeks of age or aged to 52 weeks, and some mice were treated with GPER agonists. OVX and aging increased pulse wave velocity to a similar extent independent of changes in blood pressure. Aging increased carotid wall thickness, while OVX increased material stiffness without altering vascular geometry. RNA-Seq analysis revealed that OVX downregulated smooth muscle contractile genes. The enantiomerically pure GPER agonist, LNS8801, reversed stiffness in OVX mice to a greater degree than the racemic agonist G-1. In summary, OVX and aging induced arterial stiffening via potentially different mechanisms. Aging was associated with inward remodeling while OVX induced material stiffness independent of geometry and a loss of the contractile phenotype. This study helps to further our understanding of the impact of menopause on vascular health and identifies LNS8801 as a potential therapy to counteract this detrimental process in women.
Optimization of Forward Lighting: Visibility and Headlamp Performance Along High-Speed Curves

A field study to characterize the impact of headlamp intensity on visual detection of small targets when entering high-speed curves was conducted. The results demonstrate that the relationship between headlamp intensity and visual performance depends upon the target's location and the amount of light on the target. A small but statistically significant effect of tracking task location indicates the importance of knowing where subjects are looking during such studies, but do not undermine the general trends that are found in similar studies, as long as the results are not interpreted as precise predictors of visual performance in the field.
Modelling with Dispersed Bivariate Moving Average Processes

Abstract This paper proposes a non-stationary bivariate integer-valued moving average of order 1 (BINMA(1)) model where the respective innovations are marginal COM-Poisson and unrelated. As opposed to other such bivariate time series model, the dependence between the series in the above is constructed via the relation between the current series with survivor elements of the other series at the preceding time point. Under these assumptions, the BINMA(1) process is shown to accommodate different levels and combinations of over-, equi- and under-dispersion. Since under the non-stationary conditions, the joint likelihood function is hardly laborious to construct, a generalized quasi-likelihood (GQL) method of estimation is proposed to estimate the dynamic effects and dependence parameters. The asymptotic and consistency properties of the GQL estimators are also established. Monte-Carlo experiments and a real-life application to analyze intra-day stock transactions are presented to validate the proposed model and the estimation methodology.
Langford Tradition Subsistence, Settlement, and Technology

The Langford Tradition is a northern Illinois expression of Upper Mississippian culture that is characterized by grit-tempered pottery, which until recently was poorly understood. Using new data from the Chicago area, a description of Langford subsistence, settlement, and technology is presented. Settlement data come from systematic surveys in the Fox and Illinois River valleys. Subsistence and technology data are largely from the Washington Irving site, a 4 ha Langford village with five radiocarbon dates between a.d. 1272-1451. Twenty-seven oval earth-lodge style structures at the site were still visible to white explorers in 1817 and 1838. Test excavations in 1984-1985 yielded the remains of several house floors and over 30 archaeological features, along with large lithic and ceramic assemblages. Historical, ethnobotanical, faunal, and technological analyses provide strong evidence for reconstructing Upper Mississippian subsistence and settlement patterns as well as estimating group population size.
Energy‐efficient scheduling for sustainable manufacturing systems with renewable energy resources

Environmentally friendly energy resources open a new opportunity to tackle the problem of energy security and climate change arising from wide use of fossil fuels. This paper focuses on optimizing the allocation of the energy generated by the renewable energy system to minimize the total electricity cost for sustainable manufacturing systems under time‐of‐use tariff by clipping the peak demand. A rolling horizon approach is adopted to handle the uncertainty caused by the weather change. A nonlinear mathematical programming model is established for each decision epoch based on the predicted energy generation and the probability distribution of power demand in the manufacturing plant. The objective function of the model is shown to be convex, Lipchitz‐continuous, and subdifferentiable. A generalized benders decomposition method based on the primal‐dual subgradient descent algorithm is proposed to solve the model. A series of numerical experiments is conducted to show the effectiveness of the solution approach and the significant benefits of using the renewable energy resources.
Restitution de l'eau liquide nuageuse par radiometrie hyperfrequence

Des algorithmes de restitution du contenu integre en eau liquide sont etablis pour les radiometres hyperfrequences spatiaux ssm/i et atsr/m et un radiometre au sol sur une base de donnees synthetique: les temperatures de brillance sont simulees sur environ 10000 profils atmospheriques issus du modele de prevision du cepmmt a l'aide d'un modele de transfert radiatif et les contenus integres en eau liquide sont calcules sur les profils provenant d'une ancienne version du schema de nuages pronostique operationnel. Une etude prealable montre que l'ajustement des profils nuageux sur des radiosondages, de maniere a expliquer les temperatures de brillance mesurees par le radiometre au sol, conduit a restituer des contenus realistes par rapport aux valeurs suggerees par la litterature et aux mesures aeroportees. La comparaison des temperatures de brillance simulees sur des profils d'eau liquide diagnostiques et pronostiques du modele du cepmmt aux temperatures de brillance mesurees par ssm/i montre que les deux schemas de nuages produisent des contenus realistes. Cependant la base pronostique est plus appropriee qu'une base diagnostique issue du modele du cepmmt ou d'un echantillon restreint de radiosondages. Une regression multilineaire est appliquee sur les temperatures de brillance pour calculer les coefficients des algorithmes. L'erreur residuelle des regressions avec bruit instrumental est de 2. 5 mg/cm#2 pour ssm/i, 3. 5 mg/cm#2 pour atsr/m et 3 mg/cm#2 pour le radiometre au sol. La forme des variables de regression est discutee ; la forme loglineaire est adequate pour transformer le probleme non lineaire en un probleme lineaire pour des contenus inferieurs a 80 mg/cm#2. L'algorithme pour le radiometre au sol restitue des contenus voisins de ceux obtenus a partir des mesures aeroportees et de simulations directes lors de la campagne semaphore. Un test de coherence est realise pour atsr/m sur des situations de ciel clair detectees par les mesures coincidentes du radiometre infrarouge atsr/ir a bord de la meme plate-forme. Les contenus restitues ne sont pas strictement nuls, mais on ne denote pas de dependance anormale vis-a-vis de la latitude. Les restitutions de l'algorithme pour ssm/i sont comparees a la classification nuageuse de meteosat. L'algorithme restitue des contenus systematiquement nuls la ou la classification detecte la surface oceanique lors de l'experience semaphore. Dans d'autres classes (nuages bas stratiformes, nuages moyens, etc. ), les restitutions sont consistantes avec les donnees meteosat, mais avec une legere surestimation des points d'air clair, probablement imputable aux erreurs de collocalisation et evolution temporelle des mesures de ssm/i et meteosat. Enfin une tentative d'amelioration de la precision des algorithmes est mise en uvre, en couplant mesures hyperfrequences et optiques ; les algorithmes des radiometres spatiaux sont legerement sensibles a la temperature avoisinant le sommet des nuages chauds
Pseudo-random subsets constructed by using Fermat quotients

Let p be a prime, and let n be an arbitrary integer with (n, p) = 1. The Fermat quotient qp(n) is defined as the unique integer with qp(n) ≡ np−1 − 1 p (mod p), 0 ≤ qp(n) ≤ p− 1. We also define qp(kp) = 0 for k ∈ Z. In this paper, we study the pseudo-randomness of subsets constructed by Fermat quotients, by using the estimates for exponential sums and character sums with Fermat quotients.
Therapeutic Advances in Neurological Disorders

Objective: Congenital and acquired prothrombotic disorders have been highlighted in a recent series of cerebrovascular stroke (CVS), with a controversial role in pathogenesis. The aim is to study some prothrombotic risk factors [activated protein C (APC) resistance, von Willebrand factor (vWF), anticardiolpin (ACL) antibodies and plasma homocysteine] in children with ischemic stroke, and to evaluate the role of aspirin and low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) in its management in relation to outcome. Methods: A total of 37 cases aged from 1 month to 15 years ( mean ± standard deviation 26.2 ± 35.7 months), diagnosed as ischemic stroke (>24 hours) were recruited. Complete blood count, prothrombin time and concentration, partial thromboplastin time, serum electrolytes, random blood sugar, C-reactive protein, electrocardiogram and echocardiography were done. Levels of APC resistance, vWF, ACL antibodies [immunoglobulin G (IgG) and immunoglobulin M (IgM)] and plasma homocysteine were estimated. A total of 25 cases received aspirin 3–5 mg /kg/d and 12 patients received LMWH as initial dose at 75 international units (IU)/kg subcutaneously (SC) then 10–25 IU/kg/day for 15 days in a nonrandomized fashion. Results: The levels of APC resistance, vWF, ACL antibodies (IgG and IgM) and plasma homocysteine were significantly higher in stroke cases than in controls. There was no significant difference between cases treated with aspirin and those with LMWH in all prothrombotic factors. Significant positive correlations were found between vWF and ACL antibodies (IgG and IgM) levels before treatment. Significant decrease in cognitive function was detected between cases treated with LMWH and those treated with aspirin. Conclusion: Ischemic CVS in children is multifactorial. Thrombophilia testing should be performed in any child with CVS. Early use of aspirin improves the prognosis and has less effect on cognitive function.
the Immunocompetent Child

The ACR Committee on Appropriateness Criteria and its expert panels have developed criteria for determining appropriate imaging examinations for diagnosis and treatment of specified medical condition(s). These criteria are intended to guide radiologists, radiation oncologists and referring physicians in making decisions regarding radiologic imaging and treatment. Generally, the complexity and severity of a patient’s clinical condition should dictate the selection of appropriate imaging procedures or treatments. Only those examinations generally used for evaluation of the patient’s condition are ranked. Other imaging studies necessary to evaluate other co-existent diseases or other medical consequences of this condition are not considered in this document. The availability of equipment or personnel may influence the selection of appropriate imaging procedures or treatments. Imaging techniques classified as investigational by the FDA have not been considered in developing these criteria; however, study of new equipment and applications should be encouraged. The ultimate decision regarding the appropriateness of any specific radiologic examination or treatment must be made by the referring physician and radiologist in light of all the circumstances presented in an individual examination.
Pneumonia in the Immunocompetent Child

Procedure Appropriateness Category Relative Radiation Level Radiography chest Usually Not Appropriate ☢ CT chest with IV contrast Usually Not Appropriate ☢☢☢☢ CT chest without and with IV contrast Usually Not Appropriate ☢☢☢☢ CT chest without IV contrast Usually Not Appropriate ☢☢☢☢ MRI chest without and with IV contrast Usually Not Appropriate O MRI chest without IV contrast Usually Not Appropriate O US chest Usually Not Appropriate O
High Resolution Cmb Power Spectrum from the Complete Acbar Data Set

In this paper, we present results from the complete set of cosmic microwave background (CMB) radiation temperature anisotropy observations made with the Arcminute Cosmology Bolometer Array Receiver (ACBAR) operating at 150 GHz. We include new data from the final 2005 observing season, expanding the number of detector-hours by 210% and the sky coverage by 490% over that used for the previous ACBAR release. As a result, the band-power uncertainties have been reduced by more than a factor of two on angular scales encompassing the third to fifth acoustic peaks as well as the damping tail of the CMB power spectrum. The calibration uncertainty has been reduced from 6% to 2.2% in temperature through a direct comparison of the CMB anisotropy measured by ACBAR with that of the dipole-calibrated WMAP3 experiment. The measured power spectrum is consistent with a spatially flat, ΛCDM cosmological model. We see evidence for weak gravitational lensing of the CMB at > 3σ significance by comparing the likelihood for the best-fit lensed/unlensed models to the ACBAR+WMAP3 data. On fine angular scales, there is weak evidence (1.7σ) for excess power above the level expected from primary anisotropies. The source of this power cannot be constrained by the ACBAR 150 GHz observations alone; however, if it is the same signal seen at 30 GHz by the CBI and BIMA experiments, then it has a spectrum consistent with the Sunyaev-Zel'dovich effect. 1. introduction Observations of cosmic microwave background (CMB) are among the most powerful and important tests of cos-mological theory. Measurements of the angular power spectrum of CMB temperature anisotropies on angular scales > 10 ′-corresponding to multipoles ℓ 1000-(Spergel et al. 2006) in conjunction with other cos-mological probes (Burles et al. 2001; Cole et al. 2005; Tegmark et al. 2006; Riess et al. 2007) have produced compelling evidence for the ΛCDM cosmological model. At higher multipoles, measurements probe the Silk damping tail of the power spectrum and provide an independent check of the cosmological model. At smaller angular scales, the primary CMB anisotropies originating at redshift z = 1100 are exponentially damped by photon diffusion. This effect, known as Silk damping, makes secondary anisotropies-those induced along the line of sight at lower redshift-increasingly important at higher ℓ. At 150 GHz, for example, the Sunyaev-Zeldovich (SZ) effect is expected to be brighter than the primary CMB anisotropy at ℓ 2500. The amplitude of the SZ depends sensitively on the amplitude …
Alchi. Ladakh's Hidden Buddhist Sanctuary: The Sumtsek.

their presumed mission to conquer the world or defend Islam. McChesney concludes that Central Asia needs to re-establish 'legitimate institutional forms', although he thinks that a durable solution is unlikely. There is much to applaud in this excellent analysis of the area, despite a certain amount of repetition due to the original format of the text as separate lectures. It is a little surprising that proper transliteration is found only in the glossary and index. Certain dates are open to dispute, such as the death of BaqI Muhammad which I would place in 1605, not 1606, and it is an over-simplification to attribute the conflict between Wall Muhammad and his nephews solely to the appointment of a governor for Samarqand. It is difficult to agree with the reasons suggested for the appearance of tobacco in the area, the accusation of bribery levelled at an Ahrari shaykh or the omission of staple crops in a review of local products. However, the author intended to stimulate research, through 'irritation if not inspiration' and by carefully highlighting areas in need of investigation. The result is highly readable.
Teaching, Learning and Play in the Outdoors : a Survey of School and Pre-School Provision in Scotland

In Scottish pre-schools and schools, through the implementation of Curriculum for Excellence and other policies, it has become an expectation that pupils will receive opportunities to learn outdoors within subject areas and in interdisciplinary studies. This expectation needs empirical investigation. To what extent, in what ways, and with what impacts are schools and pre-schools utilising the school grounds, local areas, and other places beyond as settings for the delivery of Curriculum for Excellence? Unlike surveys that ask schools to report in hindsight on provisions of outdoor learning, this research collected evidence from teachers themselves about a large number of individual learning events over two comparable periods during the summer terms of 2006 and 2014. The survey generated data from random and non-randomly sampled1 pre-schools and schools across Scotland about outdoor learning event durations, locations, foci, and other contextual aspects. Using over 1000 records of outdoor events across both surveys, we can construct a comprehensive account of a national changing picture since the inception of Curriculum for Excellence. This report provides new baseline measures on the impacts of taking learning outdoors. There is significant evidence on how outdoor learning provision is understood to enhance engagement, and challenge and enjoyment, for example. We can also report on the prevalence of themes in learning (such as sustainable development), the association of going outdoors with the pedagogical approaches taken (such as cooperative learning), and the effect of schools’ locations in areas of deprivation on provision.
(2015). Areas of triangles and Beck's theorem in planes over finite fields. Combinatorica (3), 295-308.

It is shown that any subset E of a plane over a ﬁnite ﬁeld F q , of cardinality | E | > q determines not less than q − 12 distinct areas of triangles, moreover once can ﬁnd such triangles sharing a common base. It is also shown that if | E | ≥ 64 q log 2 q , then there are more than q 2 distinct areas of triangles sharing a common vertex. The result follows from a ﬁnite ﬁeld version of the Beck theorem for large subsets of F 2 q that we prove. If | E | ≥ 64 q log 2 q , there exists a point z ∈ E , such that there are at least q 4 straight lines incident to z , each supporting the number of points of E other than z in the interval between | E | 2 q and 2 | E | q . This is proved by combining combinatorial and Fourier analytic techniques. We also discuss higher-dimensional implications of these results in light of recent developments.
Attacking the Leader, Missing the Mark: Why Terrorist Groups Survive Decapitation Strikes

Leadership targeting has become a key feature of counterterrorism policy. Both academics and policymakers have argued that the removal of leaders is an effective strategy in combating terrorism. Leadership decapitation is not always successful, however, and existing empirical work does not account for this variability. A theory of organizational resilience explains why decapitation results in the decline of some terrorist organizations and the survival of others. Organizational resilience is dependent on two variables: bureaucratization and communal support. Older and larger organizations tend to develop bureaucratic features, facilitating a clear succession process and increasing their stability and ability to withstand attacks on their leadership. Communal support plays an important role in providing the resources necessary for terrorist groups to function and survive. Religious and separatist groups typically enjoy a high degree of support from the communities in which they operate, and thus access to critical resources. Application of this theoretical model to the case of al-Qaida reveals that Osama bin Laden's death and the subsequent targeting of other high-level al-Qaida operatives are unlikely to produce significant organizational decline.
Sodium Hypochlorite: Effect of Solution pH on Rice Seed Disinfestation and Its Direct Effect on Seedling Growth.

Bacteria were completely eliminated from rice seeds following immersion in household bleach solutions (50% bleach and 2.6% NaOCl) adjusted to pH 7.0 in 0.5 M potassium phosphate, while fungi were eliminated at pH 5.0 and below. Mercuric chloride was used to disinfest non-dormant rice seeds in order to test the direct effect of sodium hypochlorite on rice seedling growth apart from an indirect effect related to elimination of microbial contaminants. Seeds were immersed for 2 h in each solution or water in each of the following treatments: (i) sterilewater followed by sterile water, (ii) HgCl2 (1,000 μg/ml) followed by sterile water, (iii) HgCl2 followed by KH2PO4 (0.3 M), (iv) HgCl2 followed by NaOCl, and (v) NaOCl followed by sterile water. Sodium hypochlorite solutions were prepared in 0.3 M potassium phosphate, which gave a final pH of 7.3. Seedling growth in treatments in which seeds were treated with HgCl2 followed by NaOCl, and NaOCl followed by sterile water, was significantly greater than those treatments in which seeds were treated with sterile water followed by sterile water, HgCl2 followed by sterile water, and HgCl2 followed by KH2PO4. Sodium hypochlorite stimulated rice seedling growth directly, as opposed to an indirect effect related to elimination of microbial contaminants or alleviation of dormancy.