Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Line Inductance Stability Operation Domain Assessment for Weak Grids With Multiple Constant Power Loads

Weak grids are gaining considerable attention since power generation resources are remote from constant power loads (CPLs), which results in low-frequency/harmonic oscillation. Meanwhile, due to the play, and plug demand of modern power system, the line inductance of weak grids often changes, which is also regarded as the variation regarding short circuit ratio (SCR). Based on this, the conventional impedance-based stability operation point assessment approaches should be expanded into stability domain assessment approach considering the line inductance variation. Therefore, the stability-oriented line inductance stability domain assessment approach for weak grids with CPLs is proposed in this paper. Firstly, the source impedance matrix of weak grid, and load admittance matrix of CPLs are separately built. Secondly, an improved stability forbidden domain criterion is proposed through related mapping transformation process, which has lower conservatism than two previous improved stability criteria. Thirdly, the improved stability forbidden domain criterion is switched into the condition that the intermediate matrices are Hurwitz. Meanwhile, the line inductance stability domain is directly obtained through these intermediate matrices, and guardian map theory. Finally, the simulation, and experiment results illustrate that the proposed approach has less conservatism, and high efficiency.
The molecular basis of diel and seasonal rhythmicity in the copepod Calanus finmarchicus

The copepod Calanus finmarchicus has an ecological key position in the northern Atlantic pelagic food web and its life is characterized by diel and seasonal rhythmicity. Neither diel nor seasonal rhythmicity of C. finmarchicus are understood with regard to their mechanistic regulation. Endogenous clock systems are central in controlling rhythms in various terrestrial species, but have hardly been investigated in marine organisms. This thesis shows that C. finmarchicus possesses an endogenous circadian clock, that regulated 24h rhythms of gene expression, metabolic activity and vertical migration behavior. The thesis further suggests that clock-based day length measurement and an endogenous annual clock is involved in the regulation of seasonal rhythmicity. The findings on C. finmarchicus’ timing systems are further related to the extreme light conditions in polar environments, discussing potential effects of climate chance on the copepods rhythmicity and biology.
Personality homophily affects male social bonding in wild Assamese macaques (Macaca assamensis)

Animal social bonds are defined as stable, equitable and strong affiliative and cooperative relationships similar to human friendships. Just as human friendships, social bonds are thought to function as alliances that generate adaptive benefits via support in critical situations. In humans, similarity in many sociodemographic, behavioural and intrapersonal characteristics leads to trust and is predictive of friendships. Specifically, personality homophily, that is the tendency of individuals to form social bonds with others who have a similar personality, may increase predictability and facilitate trust and reciprocity among partners with compatible behavioural tendencies. While evidence for social bonding in nonhumans is accumulating, far less is known about its predictors. Here, personality homophily effects on the formation and maintenance of social bonds are shown in twenty-four wild male Assamese macaques (Macaca assamensis), at Phu Khieo Wildlife Sanctuary, Thailand. Dyadic bond strength increased with increased similarity in the trait Connectedness (i.e. frequent and diverse neighbours in 5m proximity and pronounced social tolerance, as high rates of friendly approaches to and by others). To differentiate whether homophily indeed predicted bond formation or whether bonded males’ personalities became more similar over time, we tested the stability of the connectedness traits in a subset of immigrating males that had to form new bonds. Connectedness in these males remained stable suggesting that males do not adapt their personality to their partner. Our results support the idea of a shared evolutionary origin of homophily as a partner choice strategy in human and non-human animals. The main selective advantage of personality similarity in animal social bonds may result from a more reliable cooperation among individuals with similar cooperative behavioural tendencies.
Temporal changes in fertility and microbial properties of soil in forest-converted oil palm plantations in Okomu forest reserve, Nigeria

ABSTRACT Evidence of the impacts of land-use change on soil biological activities, a determinant of nutrient cycling in soil, will provide a better understanding of soil health and productivity. The study investigates temporal changes in soil chemical and microbial properties in a forest converted to oil palm plantation. Soil samples from four locations: native forest and Elaeis guineensis plantations of 2-, 13- and 14-year were collected. Total carbon C and N were significantly higher (p < 0.05) in the native forest (NF) followed by 14- and 13-year E. guineensis plantations respectively. Microbial biomass carbon (MBC) and nitrogen (MBN) in NF were significantly higher (p < 0.05) than in the E. guineensis plantations. There were no significant differences in the microbial biomass phosphorus (MBP) among the E. guineensis plantation of all ages. The qCO2 in the 13- and 14-year E. guineensis plantations was higher than in NF and 2-year E. guineensis plantation. There was a positive correlation between MBC, MBN, MBP and pH, P, TC, and TN. These results indicated that conversion of native forest to E. guineensis plantation affected soil nutrient and microbial properties. And there could be a return to healthy soil condition as age of E. guineensis plantation increased.
Quantification and Monitoring of Forest Cover Changes in Agasthyamalai Biosphere Reserve, Western Ghats, India (1920-2012)

CURRENT SCIENCE, VOL. 110, NO. 4, 25 FEBRUARY 2016 508 Kalloli Dutta, C. Sudhakar Reddy and C. S. Jha are in the Forestry and Ecology Group, National Remote Sensing Centre, ISRO, Balanagar, Hyderabad 500 037, India and Subrat Sharma is in the G.B. Pant Institute of Himalayan Environment and Development, Kosi-Katarmal, Almora 263 643, India. *For correspondence. (e-mail: dutta.kalloli@gmail.com) Quantification and monitoring of forest cover changes in Agasthyamalai Biosphere Reserve, Western Ghats, India (1920–2012)
Abundance of Pelagia noctiluca early life stages in the western Mediterranean Sea scales with surface chlorophyll

Pelagia noctiluca is the most successful and well-studied jellyfish in the Mediterranean Sea. This species tolerates a wide range of water temperatures and succeeds in low to medium food regimes, but factors driving its distribution and population dynamics remain poorly understood. Here we applied a multiscale analytical approach using survey data and a physical−biochemical coupled model to assess how environmental factors affect the 3-dimensional distribution and seasonal abundance of P. noctiluca early life stages. The surveys took place after the spring bloom, when warm water favors fecundity and growth, but food shortage limits the reproductive investment and early survival. We found that most early life stages of P. noctiluca remained above the shallow thermocline and upper mixed layer where temperature is warm. Their spatial distribution was positively correlated with surface chlorophyll concentration, and over 90% of the variation in interannual abundance was explained by basin-scale productivity in June. Warmer water during winter and spring seasons coupled with protracted spring blooms increase the population of P. noctiluca, and this explains the trend of increasing outbreaks observed in the western Mediterranean Sea over the past decades.
A GEOSPATIALLY DISTRIBUTED E-REFUGEE CAMP TECHNOLOGICAL FRAMEWORK FOR CARIBBEAN SMALL ISLAND STATES

As a result of the ongoing humanitarian crisis in Venezuela, the country has seen a mass exodus of persons into neighbouring Caribbean Small Island Developing States, SIDS, such as Trinidad and Tobago and Curaçao. These SIDS do not have the infrastructure or local policies to implement a traditional refugee camp within their shores. Findings have shown the many disadvantages to existing or traditional refugee camp settlements. However, as forced migrants continue to pour into these Caribbean states, a technological framework is necessary to capture, manage and connect forced migrants to food and shelter using Geographical Information System, GIS, enabled web technology. Thus, the Geospatially Distributed e-Refugee Camp, GDEC, framework aims to define a burden-sharing model between non-profitable organizations and the government utilizing a free and open source software approach to foster citizen participation and rapid development. The framework is developed using well-defined and tested software development methodologies – Lean Startup Methodology and Rapid Application Development. It analyzes existing technologies used by the UNHCR to represent migration and related GIS data on the web. GDEC is a digitized spatial representation, using a service oriented architecture, of forced migrants housed across the island, the volunteers, safe zones and other relevant stakeholders within the system. This camp, though electronic and distributed, adheres to the standards set by the UNHCR and Sphere for refugee camp settlements. The framework will allow SIDS to roll out a software solution rapidly to meet the urgency of the refugee problem.
Citizen Engagement in Local Governments : The Role of Organisational Culture

This explorative study examines the role of organisational culture in organising citizen engagement in local governments. The study is based on 29 semi-structured interviews with council members, board members and civil servants and the organisational cultural assessment instrument (OCAI) culture questionnaire in three Dutch municipalities. Although the role of culture in citizen engagement is still under-exposed, our empirical evidence suggests its role. The results indicate that the prevailing organisational culture of the bureaucracy somehow reflects in the municipality’s organisation of citizen engagement. The article concludes that local governments need to be aware of this to create an environment that supports meaningful citizen engagement.
Antioxidant effects of quercetin in freeze-thawing process of mouse spermatogonial stem cells

Objective: To evaluate the antioxidant effect of quercetin on cell viability, reactive oxygen species (ROS) contents and apoptosis of cryopreserved mouse spermatogonial stem cells (mSSCs). Methods: mSSCs were isolated from neonate mice and cultivated in culture medium containing 30 μΜ quercetin for 48 h and then frozen for 2 weeks. After thawing, MTT assay was carried out to analyze the cell viability. Moreover, intracellular ROS levels were measured by flow cytometery and apoptosis was evaluated by detection of phosphatidylserine externalization assay and also real-time polymerase chain reaction. Results: Pre-treatment of mSSCs by 30 μΜ quercetin significantly decreased intracellular ROS content and apoptotic cell numbers and improved viability of mSSCs. Moreover, the gene expression of Bcl-2 and Bax significantly increased and decreased respectively after the freeze-thawing process. Conclusions: Pre-treatment of mSSCs with quercetin can improve cell viability and reduce apoptosis during freeze-thawing process. It can be a promising way to improve the quality and efficiency of cryopreservation protocols used in fertility preservation strategies.
The Effects of Dopamine on Frequency Dependent Short Term Synaptic Plasticity: A Comparison of Layer Contributions and Rhythmic Dynamics

In humans, prefrontal cortical areas are known to support executive functions. In mice, these functions are mediated by homologous regions in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC). Executive processes are critically dependent on optimal levels of dopamine (DA), but the cellular mechanisms of DA modulation are incompletely understood. Stable patterns of neuronal activity may be sensitive to frequency dependent changes in synaptic transmission. We characterized the effects of D2 receptor (D2R) activation on short-term excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP) dynamics evoked at varying frequencies in the two subtypes of layer V pyramidal neurons in mouse mPFC. We isolated NMDA receptor and non-NMDA receptor mediated components of EPSP trains evoked by stimulating fibers within layer V or layer I. All significant effects of D2 receptor activation were confined to type I (corticopontine) cells. First, we found that with layer I stimulation, D2R activation reduces the amplitude of NMDAR-mediated EPSP’s, with no effect on facilitation or depression of these responses at lower frequencies, but leading to facilitation with high frequency stimulation. Further, the nonNMDA component also underwent synaptic depression at low frequencies. Second, with layer V stimulation, D2R activation had no effect on NMDA or non-NMDA receptor mediated EPSP components. Overall, our results suggest that D2R activation may modulate memory functions by inhibiting ‘top-down’ influences from apical tuft inputs activated at low frequencies, while promoting ‘top-down’ influences from inputs activated at higher frequencies. These data provide further insight into mechanisms of dopamine’s modulation of executive functions.
Detecting Anomalies in Intelligent Vehicle Charging and Station Power Supply Systems With Multi-Head Attention Models

Safe and reliable intelligent charging stations are imperative in an intelligent transportation infrastructure. Over the past few years, a big number of smart charging stations have been deployed, and most of them are online and connected, resulting in potential risks of threats. Although there exists related work on securing intelligent vehicles, very little work focused on the security of charging devices. Unlike traditional network systems, these power-related Industrial Control Systems (ICSs) use many different proprietary protocols and diverse interactions. Traditional anomaly detection methods based on network traffic are thus not suitable for these systems. In this work, we propose an anomaly detection method in real vehicle power supply systems based on a deep architecture model. In particular, we propose a novel traffic anomaly detection model based on Multi-Head Attentions (MHA) that take into account the inherent correlations of traffic generated by ICSs. The MHA model is employed to substitute the traditional feature extraction and rule making process with an acceptable computational cost for classifying traffic data. It is an attention-based model that employs Google Transformer encoder architecture to extract recessive features of traffic for anomaly detection. The effectiveness of the model is demonstrated by experiments on two real-world power ICS testbeds including a substation with a slave charging station and a power generation simulation platform based on a distributed control system. Comprehensive experimental results indicate that the MHA model outperforms the Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN)-based and classical machine learning detection models with an accuracy rate of 99.86%.
Unparalleled disjunction or unexpected relationships? Molecular phylogeny and biogeography of Melanopsidae (Caenogastropoda: Cerithioidea), with the description of a new family and a new genus from the ancient continent Zealandia

Melanopsidae are an important component of the freshwater fauna of the subtropical to temperate regions of the Western Palaearctic and also are reported from Zealandia, representing an unparalleled disjunction among a group of freshwater animals. We sequenced markers for species of all constituent genera covering the entire range of the group. Our phylogenetic analyses indicate that Melanopsidae are only monophyletic when excluding Holandriana from the Balkans, which was found to be more closely related to Pleuroceridae (eastern North America) and Semisuclospiridae (western North America and eastern Asia) than to the remaining melanopsids. It is, therefore, placed in the previously proposed family Amphimelaniidae. Zemelanopsis from New Zealand and Caledomelanella gen.n. from New Caledonia were recovered as a deeply divergent clade, here suggested to represent Zemelanopsidae fam.n. as the sister group of Melanopsidae s.s. The genus Microcolpia, including M. daudebartii and the extinct M. parreyssii, was recovered as a moderately well‐supported sister group of Melanopsis s.s. , which comprises three distinct lineages: one from the western Mediterranean region, a second from the eastern Mediterranean region and the Near to Middle East, and a third from thermal springs in Tuscany. Although the Italian populations show little variability, both the eastern and western Melanopsis clades exhibit a high degree of variation in shell form and/or sculpture. Whether this is indicative of more than a species pair each (M. praemorsa/cariosa and M. buccinoidea/costata) within the eastern and western clade, respectively, or the result of parallel evolution currently cannot be answered with certainty. Distinct populations were not recovered as monophyletic clades in some cases, which may indicate incomplete reproductive isolation. We compare the timeframe for the evolution of major “melanopsid” lineages with geological events, and elucidate scenarios that may have shaped the distribution patterns observed today.
Water, sanitation and hygiene risk factors associated with diarrhoea morbidity in a rural community of Enugu, South East Nigeria

Introduction diarrhoea remains a public health problem globally with majority of diarrhoea morbidity and mortality occurring in low resource settings. This study assessed the prevalence of diarrhoea and factors associated with diarrhoea in a rural community in Enugu, South East Nigeria. Methods a community-based cross-sectional survey was conducted between May and June, 2017. Information on socio-demographic characteristics, water, sanitation, hand washing practices and diarrhoea history was obtained from 534 community residents using a structured interviewer administered questionnaire. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Chi-square and logistic regression tests at 5% level of significance. Results prevalence of diarrhoea in the two weeks preceding the study was 7.47% and 10.77% among all ages and children younger than five years respectively. Of 469 residents aged five years and above, 206 (43.92%) accessed source of drinking water within 30 minutes round trip walking distance from their households, 275 (58.64%) practiced open defecation while 456 (97.23%) and 455 (97.01%) reported washing hands with soap or ash and water before eating and after using the toilet respectively. Two or more households sharing a toilet facility [AOR = 4.78 (95% CI 2.03-11.24)] was a risk factor for diarrhoea while washing hands with soap or ash and water before eating [AOR = 0.23 (95% CI 0.06-0.90)] and after using the toilet [0.16 (95% CI 0.04-0.55)] protected against diarrhoea. Conclusion increasing access to improved sanitary sewage disposal methods and promoting hand washing with soap and water at critical moments would improve diarrhoeal disease control.
EPIDEMIOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF HEAD LICE IN CHILDREN ATTENDED TO AT A PUBLIC HOSPITAL IN UBERLÂNDIA, MINAS GERAIS STATE, BRAZIL

Pediculosis capitis is a public health problem not only in Brazil, but also in many countries worldwide. Children are the most likely population group to be infested. The purpose of this study was to verify the prevalence of head lice in children seen at the public hospital in Uberlândia, Minas Gerais State, and factors associated with ectoparasitosis in this group. In addition, data about the transmission, prevention and control were obtained from the children’s parents or guardians. The scalp and hair of every child aged 2 to 12, attended to at the hospital pediatric outpatient clinic from 2015 to 2017, were examined. Questionnaires and characterization sheets were also used to obtain and record the information. The overall prevalence rate observed was 2.8%. The highest prevalence rates were observed in girls with medium length hair. Children presented a relatively low prevalence of head lice in the parasitological examinations. However, the answers to the questionnaires indicated that this ectoparasitosis is common in this population group. All the children examined were of school age, and their parents or guardians indicated the school environment as the main source of infestations. The responses to the questionnaires also highlighted evidence of negligence on the part of guardians of positive children regarding the occurrence of this ectoparasitosis. The information obtained indicates that authorities should design/improve their plans of action regarding guidelines for parents or guardians for adequate prevention and control of this ectoparasitosis.
Taxonomic revision and multi-locus phylogeny of the North American clade of Ceratocystis

The North American clade (NAC) of Ceratocystis includes pathogenic species that infect a wide range of woody hosts. Previous phylogenetic analyses have suggested that this clade includes cryptic species and a paraphyletic C. variospora. In this study, we used morphological data and phylogenetic analyses to characterize NAC taxa, including Ceratocystis isolates causing a serious disease of almond trees in California. Phylogenetic analyses based on six gene regions supported two new species of Ceratocystis. Ceratocystis destructans is introduced as the species causing severe damage to almond trees in California, and it has also been isolated from wounds on Populus and Quercus in Iowa. It is morphologically similar to C. tiliae, a pathogen on Tilia and the most recently characterized species in the NAC. Ceratocystis betulina collected from Betula platyphylla in Japan is also newly described and is the sister taxon to C. variospora. Our six-locus phylogenetic analyses and morphological characterization resolved several cryptic species in the NAC.
The Future of Survey Self-Report: An Experiment Contrasting Likert, VAS, Slide, and Swipe Touch Interfaces.

Self-report is a fundamental research tool for the social sciences. Despite quantitative surveys being the workhorses of the self-report stable, few researchers question their format—often blindly using some form of Labelled Categorical Scale (Likert-type). This study presents a brief review of the current literature examining the efficacy of survey formats, addressing longstanding paper-based concerns and more recent issues raised by computer-and mobile-based surveys. An experiment comparing four survey formats on touch-based devices was conducted. Differences in means, predictive validity, time to complete and centrality were compared. A range of preliminary findings emphasise the similarities and striking differences between these self-report formats. Key conclusions include: A) that the two continuous interfaces (Slide & Swipe) yielded the most robust data for predictive modelling; B) that future research with touch self-report interfaces can set aside the VAS format; C) that researchers seeking to improve on Likert-type formats need to focus on user interfaces that are quick/simple to use. Implications and future directions for research in this area are discussed