Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Hyperspectral Sparse Unmixing With Spectral-Spatial Low-Rank Constraint

Spectral unmixing is a consequential preprocessing task in hyperspectral image interpretation. With the help of large spectral libraries, unmixing is equivalent to finding the optimal subset of the library entries that can best model the image. Sparse regression techniques have been widely used to solve this optimization problem, since the number of materials present in a scene is usually small. However, the high mutual coherence of library signatures negatively affects the sparse unmixing performance. To cope with this challenge, a new algorithm called spectral-spatial low-rank sparse unmixing (SSLRSU) is established. In this article, the double weighting factors under the $\ell _{1}$ framework aim to improve the row sparsity of the abundance matrix and the sparsity of each abundance map. Meanwhile, the low-rank regularization term exploits the low-dimensional structure of the image, which makes for accurate endmember identification from the spectral library. The underlying optimization problem can be solved by the alternating direction method of multipliers efficiently. The experimental results, conducted by using both synthetic and real hyperspectral data, uncover that the proposed SSLRSU strategy can get accurate unmixing results over those given by other advanced sparse unmixing strategies.
Multiobjective Test Case Prioritization Using Test Case Effectiveness: Multicriteria Scoring Method

Modified source code validation is done by regression testing. In regression testing, the time and resources are limited, in which we have to select the minimal test cases from test suites to reduce execution time. The test case minimization process deals with the optimization of the regression testing by removing redundant test cases or prioritizing the test cases. This study proposed a test case prioritization approach based on multiobjective particle swarm optimization (MOPSO) by considering minimum execution time, maximum fault detection ability, and maximum code coverage. The MOPSO algorithm is used for the prioritization of test cases with parameters including execution time, fault detection ability, and code coverage. Three datasets are selected to evaluate the proposed MOPSO technique including TreeDataStructure, JodaTime, and Triangle. The proposed MOPSO is compared with the no ordering, reverse ordering, and random ordering technique for evaluating the effectiveness. The higher values of results represent the more effectiveness and the efficiency of the proposed MOPSO as compared to other approaches for TreeDataStructure, JodaTime, and Triangle datasets. The result is presented to 100-index mode relevant from low to high values; after that, test cases are prioritized. The experiment is conducted on three open-source java applications and evaluated using metrics inclusiveness, precision, and size reduction of a matrix of the test suite. The results revealed that all scenarios performed well in acceptable mode, and the technique is 17% to 86% more effective in terms of inclusiveness, 33% to 85% more effective in terms of precision, and 17% minimum to 86% maximum in size reduction of metrics.
Air pollution in landfill of wastes other than hazardous or inert / Zanieczyszczenia powietrza na składowiskach odpadów innych niż niebezpieczne i obojętne

Abstract Microbiological and chemical analysis of air was carried out on the area of landfill of wastes other than inert or hazardous. The landfill covers 20 ha and 40 000 Mg of wastes is deposited annually. Municipal waste is not segregated at the landfill. The research was conducted in April, May and November 2012. Number of the psychrophilic and mesophilic bacteria and fungi was estimated by a culture-based method. Quantitative determination of sulfur compounds and meteorological and olfactrometric examinations were also carried out. Chemical analysis was conducted with a Photovac Voyager portable gas chromatograph. Air samples were collected at 5 points. The largest group of microbes were psychrophilic bacteria, especially in summer. The highest concentration of hydrogen sulfide and other odorants was found at leachate tank and landfill body. According to the Polish Standard for the assessment of atmospheric air pollution the air in the area of the landfill is classified as not contaminated and sporadically moderately contaminated. In spring and summer the number of microscopic fungi was increased also in control samples. Przeprowadzono badania nad zanieczyszczeniem powietrza na terenie składowiska odpadów innych niż obojętne i niebezpieczne. Wybrany obiekt został otwarty w 1997; zajmuje 20 ha i rocznie przyjmuje 40 000 Mg odpadów komunalnych, które nie podlegają segregowaniu na składowisku. Zakres badań mikrobiologicznych obejmował analizę ilościową bakterii mezofilnych, psychrofilnych oraz grzybów mikroskopowych. Do poboru próbek powietrza zastosowano metodę zderzeniową. Analizy chemiczne polegały na oszacowaniu stężenia siarkowodoru oraz merkaptanu etylowego i metylowego za pomocą przenośnego chromatografu Photovac Voager. Określano ponadto takie parametry jak prędkość i kierunek wiatru oraz intensywność zapachu. Pobór próbek przeprowadzono w pięciu punktach. Wykazano emisję mikroorganizmów oraz siarkowodoru i odorów z terenu składowiska. Najliczniejszebyły bakterie psychrofilne, zwłaszcza w porze letniej. Wysoką liczbę bakterii mezofilnych i grzybów mikroskopowych stwierdzono na bryle czynnego składowiska. Najwyższe stężenie siarkowodoru i odorów wykryto w sąsiedztwie zbiornika na odcieki oraz na składowisku. Na podstawie polskiej normy dotyczącej jakości powietrza atmosferycznego należy określić powietrze na terenie składowiska jako nie zanieczyszczone (liczba grzybów) oraz średnio zanieczyszczone i nie zanieczyszczone (liczba bakterii psychrofilnych). Wiosną i latem zaobserwowano podwyższoną liczbę grzybów mikroskopowych również w próbkach kontrolnych.
Enki: A Diversity-driven Approach to Test and Train Robust Learning-enabled Systems

ing with credit is permitted. To copy otherwise, or republish, to post on servers or to redistribute to lists, requires prior specific permission and/or a fee. Request permissions from permissions@acm.org. © 2021 Association for Computing Machinery. 1556-4665/2021/05-ART5 $15.00 https://doi.org/10.1145/3460959 ACM Transactions on Autonomous and Adaptive Systems, Vol. 15, No. 2, Article 5. Publication date: May 2021. 5:2 M. A. Langford and B. H. C. Cheng
Kinetics of thermal transformation of partially dehydroxylated pyrophyllite

Abstract A multi-cycle heating and cooling thermogravimetric (TG) method was used to study the kinetic behavior of two partially dehydroxylated pyrophyllite samples. In the original state, the S076 sample contains only trans-vacant (tv) layers, whereas in sample S037 tv and cis-vacant (cv) layers are randomly interstratified. The method consists of consecutive heating cycles (rate 2 °C/min) separated by intervals of cooling to room temperature, with the maximum cycle temperature set (MCT) incrementally higher than in each previous cycle. The activation energy (Ea) values were calculated for the S037 and S076 samples for all cycles in terms of a homogeneous zero-order reaction with the regression coefficients r2 ≥ 0.9997. The S076 sample had Ea values that varied from 40 to 42 kcal/mol within a partial dehydroxylation (DT) range from 19 to 63%. However, at DT values <19% and >63% the Ea values are slightly lower at 38-39 kcal/mol and drop below 30 kcal/mol at DT = 90%. A bimodal distribution of the S037 sample Ea values exists with increasing MCT and DT. In the first cycles of intense dehydroxylation from tv layers the Ea values increase sharply from 34 kcal/mol at DT = 7% to 45 kcal/mol within the MCT interval from 525 to 575 °C and then decrease to 36-38 kcal/mol at the cycles with MCT = 650-700 °C. In the second portion of cycles corresponding to the dehydroxylation of cv layers, the Ea values increase from 36-37 kcal/mol at MCT = 700 °C to 44-46 kcal/mol at MCT = 775 °C. These results show that both tv and cv layers require exactly the same energy for dehydroxylation and have similar variation of the Ea values with MCT and DT. The pyrophyllite particle size distribution is a major factor that is likely responsible for a broad interval of dehydroxylation temperature. This implies that the lower the temperature, the smaller the particles that can be dehydroxylated. Therefore, the activation energy values at the beginning of the reaction are lower than those at higher degrees of dehydroxylation because of the combination of a slow experimental heating rate and thin crystallites, which both contribute to lower temperatures at which the reaction starts. The decrease in activation energy observed at the end of the dehydroxylation reaction of sample S076, and of the tv layer portion of sample S037 is accompanied by an increase in the “induction” temperature interval during which an accumulation of additional thermal energy decreases the activation energy. The kinetic parameters determined for the samples in this study correspond to a homogeneous reaction and are used to predict a general pattern of the structural transformations of pyrophyllite at different stages during dehydroxylation.
Effect of HMG-Co-A Reductase Inhibitors on Cardiac Autonomic Neuropathy in Diabetic Patients

Objective: To observe the effect of statins on cardiac autonomic neuropathy in patients with diabetes and to study the correlation between cardiac autonomic neuropathy as assessed by cardiac autonomic reflex tests (CARTs) and by Composite Autonomic Symptom Scale (COMPASS)-31. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional observational study was conducted on 62 patients having Type 2 diabetes mellitus for more than 5 years. Patients were randomized into two groups, one group received standard antidiabetic therapy and other group received standard antidiabetic along with statin medication at least for more than 1 year. Each patient underwent CART and heart rate variability to assess autonomic dysfunction. In addition, COMPASS 31 questionnaire was used to evaluate symptoms subjectively. Statin Experience Assessment Questionnaire was used to note adverse effects of statins. Chi-square test, Spearman correlation test, and Mann–Whitney U-test were used for statistical analysis. Results: A significant difference in severity of cardiac autonomic dysfunction was observed between two groups as measured by CART (P = 0.016) and COMPASS-31 questionnaire (P = 0.008). Moreover, COMPASS score of >16 was observed in patients with advanced cardiac autonomic neuropathy. A significant correlation was found between COMPASS 31 score and CART results (r = 0.29, P = 0.02). Conclusion: Our study highlights the potential utility of statins in curbing progression of cardiac autonomic neuropathy and can be safely administered in patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus. COMPASS 31 questionnaire can be used as an effective screening tool for CART referral, facilitating the early detection of cardiac autonomic neuropathy.
Comparison of Intravenous Ramosetron and Ondansetron as Prophylaxis for Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting following General Anesthesia

Objective: To compare the efficacy and side effects of 5HT3 antagonists, ramosetron, and ondansetron as prophylaxis for postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) following general anesthesia. Materials and Methods: One hundred and ten patients of the American Society of Anesthesiology Grade I–II, between the age group of 18 to 60 years weighing 40 to 70 kg, undergoing general anesthesia were studied. Group 1 received ramosetron 0.3 mg intravenous (IV) and Group 2 received ondansetron 8 mg IV 15 min before the end of surgery. The incidence of PONV, need for rescue antiemetic, and side effects were evaluated in both the groups. QTc interval prolongation was also evaluated in both the groups by taking electrocardiograms at regular intervals. Results: This study showed that there was no statistically significant difference in the incidence of PONV between the ondansetron group and the ramosetron group during the first 24 h after surgery. For PONV score of ≥2 during the first 6 h, the incidence was 3.59% and 1.81% for ramosetron and ondansetron, respectively, and during 6–24 h, the incidence was 1.81% for both the drugs. Conclusion: IV ramosetron 0.3 mg is as effective as IV ondansetron 8 mg in preventing PONV in patients undergoing general anesthesia.
Kinetic study of the degradation of forskolin in aqueous systems by stability-indicating HPLC method and identification of its degradation products

ABSTRACT The degradation kinetics of forskolin in aqueous solution was investigated qualitatively and quantitatively. Two degradation products were isolated and identified as isoforskolin and forskolin D by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. A stability-indicating high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method was developed and validated for the quantification of forskolin and its degradation products. Chromatographic separation was performed on a Luna C18 column with acetonitrile–water (65:35, v/v) as the mobile phase. The flow rate was kept at 1 mL/min, and the detection wavelength was 210 nm. The kinetic study of forskolin was carried out in aqueous solutions of pH 1.5–8.5 at 37, 50, 65, and 80°C. The degradation rate of forskolin increases with increasing temperature. Forskolin is relatively stable in the pH range 3.5–6.5, but its stability decreases when the pH is outside this range. In the pH range 6.5–8.5, the forskolin degradation follows pseudo-first-order kinetics. Based on the structural identification and quantitative analysis of the degradation products, a possible pathway for forskolin degradation is proposed. Forskolin can be converted to isoforskolin rapidly, and both forskolin and isoforskolin can further decompose to forskolin D. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
Contralateral Crossrecurrence of a Malignant Glioma: A Case With Long-Term Survival

*Correspondence: S Ferraresi, Department of Neurosurgery, Ospedale S.Maria della Misericordia, Rovigo, Italy, E-mail: steveferraresi@gmail.com Received Date: 14 May 2017 Accepted Date: 29 Jun 2017 Published Date: 03 Jul 2017 Citation: S Ferraresi, E Brognaro, G Pavanato, MR Ballotta. Contralateral Crossrecurrence of a Malignant Glioma: A Case With Long-Term Survival. Ann Clin Case Rep. 2017; 2: 1390. ISSN: 2474-1655 Copyright © 2017 S Ferraresi. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Case Report Published: 03 Jul, 2017
Access to savings accounts and poor households’ behavior: Evidence from a field experiment in Nepal∗

Savings can provide an important pathway out of poverty. Unfortunately the majority of the poor lack access to formal bank accounts, and have to use costly informal savings mechanisms. Would poor households open basic savings accounts if given access to them, helping them to save without crowding out other assets and enabling them to increase investment? Using a field experiment I randomly gave access to simple bank accounts with no opening, maintenance or withdrawal fees at local bank branches to a sample of 1,118 households in 19 slums in Nepal. Results show that there is untapped demand for savings accounts and that the poor do save. Access to the savings account increased monetary assets and total assets without causing any crowding out in other kind of assets or savings institutions. The impact is larger for households at the bottom and middle of the assets distribution and for the ones with no access to the financial system, formal or informal. Finally, financial access strongly increased households investment in health and education. JEL Codes: D14, O16, G21
Dissertations in Forestry and Natural Sciences

Lignin is the second most abundant biopolymer worldwide and has raised interest in several fields due to its high aromatic content. Kraft lignin is mostly a byproduct of the pulping industry and is used as an energy source. Due to the aromatic content, lignin can be applied as a substitute for phenol in phenolic resins and in fine chemical production. Lignin has a large molar mass, which complicates its utilization; therefore, the lignin material is often depolymerized, up to the monomeric units, or activated by increasing the number of reactive sites. In this study, softwood kraft lignin hydroxymethylation was studied with a straightforward differential scanning calorimetry method, which can depict the reactivity of lignin. Paraformaldehyde was used as the formaldehyde source because of its simple composition and easy usability. Alkaline oxidative depolymerization was used for the activation of softwood kraft lignin. In this study, the changes in structure and reactivity were examined. Three different bases (NaOH, KOH, and NH4OH) were applied, and the chemical compositions of the reaction products were characterized with Fourier-transform ion cyclotron resonance (FT-ICR) mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (31P, 13C, and 1H-13C HSQC NMR) methods. Alkaline oxidation was found to decrease the molar mass. The formation of small carboxylic acids was observed, which indicates partial degradation of the lignin structure. Depolymerized lignin showed a notable reactivity in hydroxymethylation. The simultaneous hydroxymethylation of softwood kraft lignin and phenol was studied in the temperature range of 80-120 °C. The methylolation was followed using the 31P, 13C, and 1H-13C HSQC NMR methods. Lignin had a lower reactivity than phenol due to the lower number of reactive sites and steric hindrance present in the large macromolecular structure. Methylene bridges were mainly formed between the phenolic structures.
Medial sural artery perforator flap—indications, tips and pitfalls

Following the description of the medial sural artery free flap by Cavadas et al., the MSAP free flap is proving to be a useful tool for the head and neck reconstructive surgeon. The authors review the available literature for MSAP free flaps in particular related to oral cavity reconstruction and share their technique and experience with the MSAP free flap reconstruction of oral cavity defects. Twenty nine prospective cases of oral cavity reconstruction with MSAP free flaps between October 2015 and May 2020 in a tertiary referral centre are discussed. The principle advantages of the MSAP flap include the favourable thickness (mean 9.29 mm), pliability, pedicle length (mean 12.4 cm) and favourable donor site (primary closure 93%). The mean number of perforators was 1.4. The mean vessel diameter for the artery was 1.43 mm and vein 3.42 mm respectively. The overall complication rate was 17% (5/29 cases). Key challenges include care during flap inset and avoidance of perforator twisting. Implantable dopplers are also recommended for postoperative flap monitoring. Useful technical tips and the recognised challenges in the literature associated with this flap are discussed. Overall, the MSAP flap can be a useful tool in the armamentarium of the head and neck reconstructive surgeon for oral cavity reconstruction.
Instagram and Life-satisfaction: Does Fear of missing out act as a mediator in the relationship between Instagram use and Life-satisfaction of young adults?

With more than one billion monthly users, Instagram is currently the fastest growing social networking site in the world. Its image-driven nature might encourage users to mainly share positive and idealized moments of their lives, as it has been argued. But how might the continuous access to information about other people’s lives affect one’s own satisfaction with life? While fear of missing out (FoMO) describes the fear that others might be having pleasing experiences which one is missing, the present study aimed to investigate whether FoMO might act as a mediator in the relationship between Instagram use and life-satisfaction. Furthermore, it was expected that Instagram use would be negatively associated with life-satisfaction, and positively related to FoMO. Additionally, it was hypothesized that FoMO would be negatively associated with satisfaction with life. To test these hypotheses, an online survey that was part of a larger study on smartphone use, was conducted. The final sample consisted of 109 participants with a mean age of 21,6 years, of which 76 were female and 33 were male. Spearman’s rank correlation analysis revealed no significant association between Instagram use and life-satisfaction, and between Instagram use and FoMO. A significant, negative association was found between FoMO and satisfaction with life, indicating that individuals with lower FoMO tend to be more satisfied with their lives. As expected, the indirect effect of Instagram use on life-satisfaction was found to be significant, showing that a mediation effect of FoMO did occur. To conclude, it can be said that FoMO played a significant role in the relationship between Instagram use and satisfaction with life. Future research within the field should further investigate the concept of FoMO and focus on the development of strategies that help with its management in everyday life. Additionally, future studies should consider the different motives and types of Instagram use and the influence of other factors besides FoMO when investigating their relation to satisfaction with life. INSTAGRAM USE, LIFE-SATISFACTION & FEAR OF MISSING OUT 3
Clinical Study Protecting Healthcare Professionals during the COVID-19 Pandemic

Department of Orthopedics Trauma and Microsurgery, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071 Hubei, China Department of Orthopedic, The First College of Clinical Medical Science, China Three Gorges University& Yichang Central People’s Hospital, Yichang, Hubei, China Department of Healthcare Management, School of Health Sciences, Global Health Institute, Wuhan University, China Department of Infectious Disease, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China Department of Emergency Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
Pre-Trained Models for Non-Intrusive Appliance Load Monitoring

Non-intrusive load monitoring (NILM) is to estimate individual appliance’s power consumption from aggregated smart meter data, which is useful for optimized energy management and provisioning of customized services. While deep learning (DL) has achieved state-of-the-art NILM performance, it is still constrained by the dependency on large amounts of data and intensive computations on training. In this paper, we propose a pre-training approach to address the generalization of DL models for NILM. We develop a meta-learning based approach and an ensemble learning based approach, which pre-train a base model and then fine-tune it with few-short learning when applied to an unknown dataset. The models are validated with two real-world datasets and shown to achieve a superior transferability performance compared with traditional DL and transfer learning methods.