Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Fault-tolerant supervisory control with permanent faults

In our earlier work, we introduced a discrete-event system-based fault-tolerance approach designed to handle intermittent faults. This approach is different from the typical fault-tolerant methodology as the approach does not rely on detecting faults and switching to a new supervisor; it requires a supervisor to be designed that works correctly under normal and fault conditions. This is a passive approach that relies upon inherent redundancy in the system being controlled. This is also a foundation method that should allow a wide variety of existing fault approaches to be modelled but still allow controllability and nonblocking properties to be verified. Permanent faults could be modelled in this framework, but the current method was onerous. In this paper, we introduce a new modelling approach for permanent faults that is easy to use, as well as a set of new permanent fault-tolerant definitions. They are designed to capture several types of permanent fault scenarios (generic situations such as at most one fault occurs) and to ensure that our system remains controllable and nonblocking in each scenario. New definitions and scenarios were required as the previous ones were incompatible with the new permanent fault modelling approach. Finally, we present algorithms to verify these properties, followed by complexity analyses and correctness proofs of the algorithms. An example is then provided to illustrate our approach.
Cholesterol-lowering Potential and Exopolysaccharide Biosynthesis of Lactobacillus spp. isolated from Human Milk

Recent research generated information that human milk is not only a valuable source of nutrition, but it also provides a complex microbial community, containing especially Lactobacillus species - the major components of a great number of commercial probiotics. New findings on potential applications of Lactobacillus species revealed that these bacteria have abilities to produce anti-microbial exopolysaccharides (EPS) and to reduce cholesterol in culture broth. In this study, we successfully isolated and screened for Lactobacillus bacteria from human milk samples, and finally obtained four strains, including L. plantarum BM7.13, L. plantarum BM29.7, L. acidophilus BM10.8 and L. rhamnosus BM30.4. Researching the probiotic activities of these strains showed that all strains were tolerant to the low pH (3.0) and 0.3% bile salts. Characterization of the probiotic properties indicated that all selected Lactobacillus isolates had ESP (125-326 mg/L) and exhibited strong antimicrobial activities against pathogenic microbes, such as Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Shigella flexneri and Salmonella typhimurium. Our results also indicated that all strains displayed cholesterol assimilation capabilities in culture broth with the maximum figure recorded for L. plantarum BM7.13.
Contested compensation: the politics, economics and legal nuances of compensating white former commercial farmers in Zimbabwe

ABSTRACT In July 2020, the government of Zimbabwe and white former commercial farmers signed a Global Compensation Deed agreement of US$3.5 billion. Under this deal, and in line with Section 295 (3) of the constitution, white former farmers are ‘entitled to compensation from the State only for improvements that were on the land when it was acquired’. This article questions the political, financial and legal rationale of this agreement. First, it argues that the compensation deal is ultra vires since there is no enabling act of parliament to support it as required by the constitution. Consequently, this deal is tenuous and insidious. Second, Zimbabwe’s economic implosion and colossal foreign debt will make it difficult for international financial institutions to extend credit lines. Third, this deal reverses some land reform outcomes, thus raising political tensions. Fourth, these political tensions are swelling into resistance against the deal by war veterans and the opposition.
Microglial Cytokines Induce Invasiveness and Proliferation of Human Glioblastoma through Pyk2 and FAK Activation

Simple Summary Microglia infiltrate most gliomas and have been demonstrated to promote tumor growth, invasion, and treatment resistance. To develop improved treatment methods, that take into consideration the supporting role of microglia in tumor progression, the functional and mechanistic pathways of glioma–microglia interactions need to be identified and experimentally dissected. Our recent studies and literature reports revealed the overexpression of Pyk2 and FAK in glioblastomas. Pyk2 and FAK signaling pathways have been shown to regulate migration and proliferation in glioma cells, including microglia-promoted glioma cell migration. However, the specific factors released by microglia that modulate Pyk2 and FAK to promote glioma invasiveness and proliferation are poorly understood. The aim of this study was to identify key microglia-derived signaling molecules that induce the activation of Pyk2- and FAK-dependent glioma cell proliferation and invasiveness. Abstract Glioblastoma is the most aggressive brain tumor in adults. Multiple lines of evidence suggest that microglia create a microenvironment favoring glioma invasion and proliferation. Our previous studies and literature reports indicated the involvement of focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and proline-rich tyrosine kinase 2 (Pyk2) in glioma cell proliferation and invasion, stimulated by tumor-infiltrating microglia. However, the specific microglia-released factors that modulate Pyk2 and FAK signaling in glioma cells are unknown. In this study, 20 human glioblastoma specimens were evaluated with the use of RT-PCR and western blotting. A Pierson correlation test demonstrated a correlation (0.6–1.0) between the gene expression levels for platelet-derived growth factor β(PDGFβ), stromal-derived factor 1α (SDF-1α), IL-6, IL-8, and epidermal growth factor (EGF) in tumor-purified microglia and levels of p-Pyk2 (Y579/Y580) and p-FAK(Y925) in glioma cells. siRNA knockdown against Pyk2 or FAK in three primary glioblastoma cell lines, developed from the investigated specimens, in combination with the cytokine receptor inhibitors gefitinib (1 μM), DMPQ (200 nM), and burixafor (1 μM) identified EGF, PDGFβ, and SDF-1α as key extracellular factors in the Pyk2- and FAK-dependent activation of invadopodia formation and the migration of glioma cells. EGF and IL-6 were identified as regulators of the Pyk2- and FAK-dependent activation of cell viability and mitosis.
Invecchiare con HIV in Ghana: un’analisi degli over 50.

Informazioni sull’HIV nei gruppi di età superiori ai 50 anni sono relativamente scarse in molti paesi, compresa l’Africa sub-sahariana. Scopo principale di questo studio è quello di descrivere le caratteristiche di un insieme di persone anziane che vivono con HIV (PLHIV). Inoltre, lo studio ha cercato di identificare se le caratteristiche analizzate rivelassero eventuali disparità di genere. É stata effettuata un’analisi retrospettiva dei dati dei pazienti di una clinica privata in Ghana. Sono stati selezionate le informazioni demografiche, comportamentali e cliniche di 282 PLHIV, che all’ultima consultazione avessero 50 o più anni. I dati sono stati raccolti tra il 2015 e il 2019. Per l’analisisono state usate statistiche descrittive e inferenziali.L’età mediana era di 56 anni, e il 57% dei soggetti erano donne (162/282). L’attività sessuale era confermata dal 44.2% (111/251) dei soggetti, più frequentemente dagli uomini.Quasi tutti i pazienti (97.3%, 249/256) erano in terapia antiretrovirale, e il 70.2% (172/245) con buona aderenza.Una carica virale <1000 copie/ml era raggiunta dal 63.6% (89/140) dei pazienti, più frequentemente dalle donne. Il 73.5% (191/260) dei pazienti, in misura Maggiore le donne, non avevano rivelato il loro stato HIV.Questa elevata proporzione di persone che non rivelano il loro status HIV può indicare che lo stigma e la discriminazione sono tra le maggiori sfide per questo gruppo di età. Per quanto riguarda l’obiettivo dell’OMS del “quarto 90”, sono necessari ulteriori study sulla situazione e i bisogni sanitari dei PLHIV over 50, specialmente in un’area geografica dove sono pochi i dati specifici su HIV.
Exploring factors influencing the application accuracy of the theory of planned behavior in explaining recycling behavior

In this paper, meta-analysis was carried out to explore the influence of socio-economics, research design, theoretical construction, and measurement factors on the five paths among the elements of Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB). The findings suggested that (i) subjective norm shows relatively poor explanatory efficacy due to narrow measurement range; (ii) perceived behavioral control shows the lowest explanatory efficacy because of missing the measurement of perceived control; (iii) there are too few items to measure the recycling intention, making the measurement inaccurate in reflecting participants’ psychological performance; (iv) the application accuracy of TPB increases with the sample size, which should be no less than 600; (v) introducing additional variables degrades the application accuracy of TPB in most cases due to their high correlation with standard elements; and (vi) research time, local economic level, participant’s characteristics, and waste type also affect the application accuracy. Finally, improvement suggestions were also provided.
Steam Explosion (STEX) of Citrus × Poncirus Hybrids with Exceptional Tolerance to Candidatus Liberibacter Asiaticus (CLas) as Useful Sources of Volatiles and Other Commercial Products

Simple Summary Orange and grapefruit production in Florida has dropped 75% because of a disease known as Huanglongbing (HLB) which is caused by a bacteria (CLas). Infected trees produce immature, green fruit and eventually die. Methods to treat CLas are very expensive and there is no cure. Many of the valuable products found in oranges and grapefruits can be found in citrus hybrid varieties and these hybrid varieties are known to be naturally very tolerant to CLas. In this work, we used steam treatment followed by water washing for the recovery of valuable citrus products from three citrus hybrids, US-802, US-897, and US-942. For most of the products, more than 80% could be recovered from the hybrids using steam treatment followed by water washing. These citrus hybrids, therefore, have the potential to be an alternative citrus crop that thrives in an HLB environment producing economically valuable products that are recovered in high yields in an environmentally friendly way. Abstract Florida citrus production has declined 75% due to Huanglongbing (HLB), a disease caused by the pathogenic bacterium Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (CLas). Methods to combat CLas are costly and only partially effective. The cross-compatible species Poncirus trifoliata and some of its hybrids are known to be highly tolerant to CLas, and thus can potentially serve as an alternative feedstock for many citrus products. To further investigate the commercial potential of citrus hybrids, three citrus hybrids, US-802, US-897, and US-942, were studied for their potential as feedstocks for citrus co-products using steam explosion (STEX) followed by water extraction. Up to 93% of sugars were recovered. US-897 and US-942 have similar volatile profiles to that of the commercial citrus fruit types and as much as 85% of these volatiles could be recovered. Approximately 80% of the pectic hydrocolloids present in all three hybrids could be obtained in water washes of STEX material. Of the phenolics identified, the flavanone glycosides, i.e., naringin, neohesperidin, and poncirin were the most abundant quantitatively in these hybrids. The ability to extract a large percentage of these compounds, along with their inherent values, make US-802, US-897, and US-942 potentially viable feedstock sources for citrus co-products in the current HLB-blighted environment.
“I Am More than My Country of Origin”: An Arts-Based Engagement Ethnography with Racialized Newcomer Women in Canada

Many women immigrate with the hope that they will gain new opportunities for themselves and their families, however, they often face significant challenges due to the intersectional stigmas related to their gender, immigration status, and other aspects of their social location. In this study, we sought to understand the holistic experience of racialized newcomer women to better support their integration process. Using Arts-Based Engagement Ethnography (ABEE), we employed the use of cultural probes and qualitative interviews to gain an in-depth understanding of the experience of ten newcomer women. An ethnographic analysis of this data yielded four overarching structures which include (1) identity negotiation experiences, (2) process of integration and struggles with transition, (3) resiliency practices and processes, and (4) making meaning of migration experiences. Each of these structures included several patterns. Our results demonstrate the benefits of using arts-based qualitative methods with diverse communities to collect rich and varied data that highlights the multiple social identities of participants. These results also give an in-depth look at the numerous experiences, both positive and negative, that influence the well-being of newcomer women throughout the process of migration. The implications of this research emphasize the need to continue in our efforts to reduce systemic oppression, to create a more inclusive and equitable community.
Screening and Evaluation of New Rootstocks with Resistance to Phytophthora cinnamomi

To collect, select, breed and develop avocado germplasm that exhibits resistance to Phytophthora root rot of avocado. As of July 1, 2005, I have replaced Dr. John Menge as project leader. My first goal over the past two months has been to figure out the over all status of the rootstock breeding program. My objectives over the next year will be to: i) evaluate the overall progress of the program, ii) critically evaluate the analytical methodologies currently used in the program, iii) evaluate areas in which additional technologies may improve the breeding program, and iv) to gain knowledge of the UC patenting process so that valuable root stocks can be delivered to the growers as soon as possible, including varieties that Dr. Menge has been trying to get patented over the past couple of years.
Changes by use and management in alluvial plain soils in southern Brazil

Agricultural land use causes changes in physical and chemical attributes of the soil, due to the management practices employed the productive capacity of the soil can be compromised under different agricultural systems. The soils of Porto Alegre are quite diverse reflecting the geology, topography and drainage network of the region, and include lowland soils, like the alluvial plain of the Arroio Dilúvio. This study was carried out in four landscape units (Native Forest, Agroforestry System, Horse Farm and Agricultural Crops), to assess changes in soil characteristics after different types of land use and management on the plain of the Dilúvio Arroio. We sampled disturbed and undisturbed soil samples for chemical (pH, EC, V, SOM, CEC, Al3+, H+Al) and physical analysis (porosity, microporosity and macroporosity). These chemical and physical attributes of the soils, especially pH, V%, SOM, CEC and Al3+, underwent changes under the different types of land use and management, with significant differences. Most changes were detected in the cropland soils. Multivariate analysis demonstrated the influence of the different types of land use, at the surface, land use and management had the greatest influence, while at depth, the proximity of the areas was the predominant factor.
External surface water influence on explosive eruption dynamics, with implications for stratospheric sulfur delivery and volcano-climate feedback

Explosive volcanic eruptions can inject sulfur dioxide (SO2) into the stratosphere to form aerosol particles that modify Earth’s radiation balance and drive surface cooling. Eruptions involving interactions with shallow layers (< 500 m) of surface water and ice modify the eruption dynamics that govern the delivery of SO2 to the stratosphere. External surface water potentially controls the evolution of explosive eruptions in two ways that are poorly understood: (1) by modulating the hydrostatic pressure within the conduit and at the vent, and (2) through the ingestion and mixing of external water, which governs fine ash production as well as eruption column buoyancy flux. To make progress, we couple one-dimensional models of magma flow in the conduit and atmospheric column rise through a novel ”magma-water interaction” model that simulates the occurrence, extent and consequences of water entrainment depending on the depth of a surface water layer. We explore the effects of hydrostatic pressure on magma ascent in the conduit and gas decompression at the vent, and the conditions for which water entrainment drives fine ash production by quench fragmentation, eruption column collapse, or outright failure of the jet to breach the water surface. We show that the efficiency of water entrainment into the jet is the predominant control on jet behavior. For an increase in water depth of 50 to 100 m, the critical magma mass eruption rate required for eruption columns to reach the tropopause increases by an order of magnitude. Finally, we estimate that enhanced emission of fine ash leads to up to a 2-fold increase in the mass flux of particles < 125 microns to spreading umbrella clouds, together with up to a 10-fold increase in water mass flux, conditions that can enhance the removal of SO2 via chemical scavenging and ash sedimentation. Overall, compared to purely magmatic eruptions, we suggest that hydrovolcanic eruptions will be characterized by a reduced delivery of SO2 to the stratosphere. Our results thus suggest the possibility of an unrecognized volcano-climate feedback mechanism arising from modification of volcanic climate forcing by direct interaction of erupting magma with varying distributions of water and ice at the Earth’s surface.
Adjusting the Vibratory Response of a Micro Mirror via Position and Velocity Feedback

We changed the vibratory (dynamic) response of a micro mirror experimentally using a feedback circuit. For this purpose, we first measured the vibrational velocity of the mirror using a Laser Doppler Vibrometer and then multiplied it with a gain and fed the signal back to the mirror to change its effective damping. We also investigate the influence of velocity and position feedback on the dynamic response of the same mirror through numerical simulations. For this purpose, first, a transfer function of the mirror was obtained based on the experimental frequency sweep data of the first two vibration modes. Then, the dynamic response of the mirror was investigated for different feedback gains via simulations. The results of our study show that the vibration amplitude or settling time of the mirror can be adjusted by altering the velocity feedback gain and the coupled vibration modes of the mirror can be separated from each other by adjusting the position feedback gain.
The Effect of Ultrasonic Excitation in Metal Forming Tests

The use of ultrasonic excitation of tools and dies in metal forming operations has been the subject of ongoing research for many years. However, the lack of understanding about the effects of ultrasonic vibrations on the forming process has resulted in difficulties in maximising the benefits and applications of this technology. In particular, experimental characterisations of the effects of superimposing ultrasonic oscillations have largely relied on interpretations of measurements of the mean forming load and have ignored the oscillatory forces. Previous research [1] has shown that by applying ultrasonic vibrations to the lower platen in compression tests on pure aluminium specimens, the resulting stress-strain relationship can be characterised by a temporary effective softening of the material during intervals of ultrasonic excitation. The current research investigates this effect in a series of simple forming tests using a number of different metal specimens. In this research, the forming tests are conducted using a piezoelectric force transducer to measure the oscillatory force data during ultrasonic excitation of the die. It is shown that the benefits of superimposing ultrasonic excitation of the die are highly dependent on the material being formed and that, in many cases, the maximum oscillatory force exceeds the static forming load even where the mean forming load is reduced significantly during the interval of ultrasonic excitation.
Demonstration of an SiC neutron detector for high-radiation environments

Neutron response studies have been performed on Schottky diodes fabricated using 4H-SiC material. These studies indicate that neutron detection using SiC diodes is possible without significant degradation in the energy resolution, noise characteristics or, most importantly, the neutron counting rate even after exposure to neutron fluences of 3.4/spl times/10/sup 17/ n/sub th//cm/sup 2/ (1/spl times/10/sup 17/ n/sub fast//cm/sup 2/; E/sub n.fast/>1 MeV), the highest yet examined. The results represent orders of magnitude increased device lifetime in neutron fields compared to commercial silicon based detectors. Additionally, detector response was found to be linear up to thermal neutron fluxes of 2000 n/sub th//cm/sup 2//s. However, degradation in the charge collection efficiency due to neutron damage-induced defects prevented self-biased operation after exposures above /spl sim/5.7/spl times/10/sup 16/ n/sub th//cm/sup 2/. A carrier removal rate of 9.7/spl plusmn/0.7 cm/sup -1/ was calculated from C-V doping profile measurements on neutron irradiated samples. These results demonstrate the viability of SiC-based detectors for a variety of radiation monitoring applications.
Unmet informatics needs of nurses regarding the use of personal smartphones in the workplace.

AIMS This study aimed to investigate the differences in practices, policies, and perceptions of nurses regarding work-related utilization of smartphones in acute-care settings. BACKGROUND Mobile devices utilizing emerging technology are widely used in acute-care settings; however, concerns such as potential distraction, improper use, and negative impact on the nursing image in clinical practice remain valid. METHODS Nurse managers (n = 8) and nurses (n = 181) were enrolled from eight academic tertiary hospitals that have comprehensive electronic medical record systems and mobile versions. Between October 2018 and February 2019, participants completed a questionnaire designed to explore their use of smartphones. The reporting guide for self-administered surveys of clinicians was applied. RESULTS Approximately 80% of nurses carried personal smartphones while working, with 70% using their devices for work. The prevalence of work-related smartphone use ranged from 3% to 43% by functionality, which was lower than that estimated by managers. Frequent uses included taking pictures/videos and internet browsing. Nurses were more positive than managers about the benefits of smartphone use and less burdened by related concerns. Novice and junior nurses were more optimistic than senior nurses. Only one hospital had a policy on nurses' use of personal devices at work. CONCLUSION Two unmet needs in the current clinical information system were identified: information supporting task-related knowledge at the bedside and security of data capture and communication. IMPLICATION FOR NURSING POLICY The unintended perception gaps between nurses and managers regarding work-related smartphone use can be closed by nursing leadership. Unmet nursing informatics, particularly for information-seeking purposes, can be addressed in the context of quality assurance. Nurse leaders can advocate secure and proper use of smartphones in clinical practice.