Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Neurogenic Fever after Subarachnoid Hemorrhage in Animal Models: A Systematic Review

The observation of neurogenic fever resulting from subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) in animal models is a useful tool for the interpretation of its pathophysiology in humans, which is still a major challenge in the management of neurocritical patients. This systematic review aims to identify the prognostic factors and pathophysiological elements that determine the onset of neurogenic fever and its severity in animal models. In addition, our study aims to analyze which pharmacological treatments are most effective. All the articles available in Pubmed, Embase, and the Biological Science Collection until August 2021 concerning in vivo experimental studies on SAH animal models, including full texts and abstracts written in English and Italian, were considered. The risk of bias was assessed with SYRCLE’s Risk of Bias tool. In total, 81 records were retrieved; after excluding duplicates, 76 records were potentially relevant. A total of 64 articles was excluded after title and abstract screening. The remaining 12 studies were evaluated as full texts, and 6 other studies were excluded (SAH-induced animal studies without a body temperature assessment). In one study, body temperature was measured after SAH induction, but the authors did not report temperature recording. Therefore, only five studies met the search criteria. The high methodological heterogeneity (different animal species, different temperature measurement methods, and different methods of the induction of bleeding) prevented meta-analysis. Synthesis methodology without meta-analysis (SWiM) was used for data analysis. The total number of animals used as controls was 87 (23 rabbits, 32 mice, and 32 rats), while there were 130 animals used as interventions (54 rabbits, 44 mice, and 32 rats). The presence of blood in the subarachnoid space, particularly red blood cells, is responsible for neurogenic fever; the role of hemoglobin is unclear. The mechanism is apparently not mediated by prostaglandins. The autonomic nervous system innervating brown adipose tissue is undoubtedly implicated in the onset of neurogenic fever. The activation of the central adenosine-1 receptor is effective in controlling the temperature of animals with neurogenic fever (by inhibiting thermogenesis of brown adipose tissue).
Evaluation of the Morphological, Physiological and Biochemical Effects Induced by Coragen 20 SC in Some Non-Target Species

Coragen 20 SC is an insecticide based on chlorantraniliprole that is applied on many crops. Considered an effective product with an incremental cost-benefit ratio, it has been widely used globally. Residual pesticides affect non-target organisms, so it is necessary to explore the possible effects induced by these xenobiotics on different species. This work aimed to assess some morphological, physiological and biochemical effects induced by Coragen 20 SC on two non-target species: Perca fluviatilis (Linné, 1758) and Triticum aestivum L. The concentrations used were the same for all tested species (0.0125, 0.025 and 0.05 mL L−1), and the experiments were of the acute, subchronic and chronic type. The toxicological effects of Coragen 20 SC on perch recorded behavioral changes, a decrease in respiratory rate and oxygen consumption, an increase in blood glucose levels and a decrease in the number of erythrocytes and leukocytes. The results obtained from the evaluation of Coragen 20 SC toxicity using the Triticum test indicate a weak to moderate phytotoxicity for the considered parameters at the applied doses. Only the assimilatory pigments were significantly modified at the concentration of 0.025 mL L−1 for the growth of the axial organs and the wet and dry weight, with the changes obtained not being statistically significant.
Characteristics of glioblastomas and immune microenvironment in a Chinese family with Lynch syndrome and concurrent porokeratosis

Background Lynch syndrome (LS)-associated glioblastoma (GBM) is rare in clinical practice, and simultaneous occurrence with cutaneous porokeratosis is even rarer. In this study, we analyzed the clinicopathological and genetic characteristics of LS-associated GBMs and concurrent porokeratosis, as well as evaluated the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) of LS-associated GBMs. Methods Immunohistochemical staining was used to confirm the histopathological diagnosis, assess MMR and PD-1/PD-L1 status, and identify immune cell subsets. FISH was used to detect amplification of EGFR and PDGFRA, and deletion of 1p/19q and CDKN2A. Targeted NGS assay analyzed somatic variants, MSI, and TMB status, while whole-exome sequencing and Sanger sequencing were carried out to analyze the germline mutations. Results In the LS family, three members (I:1, II:1 and II:4) were affected by GBM. GBMs with loss of MSH2 and MSH6 expression displayed giant and multinucleated bizarre cells, along with mutations in ARID1A, TP53, ATM, and NF1 genes. All GBMs had TMB-H but not MSI-H. CD8+ T cells and CD163+ macrophages were abundant in each GBM tissue. The primary and recurrent GBMs of II:1 showed mesenchymal characteristics with high PD-L1 expression. The family members harbored a novel heterozygous germline mutation in MSH2 and FDPS genes, confirming the diagnosis of LS and disseminated superficial actinic porokeratosis. Conclusion LS-associated GBM exhibits heterogeneity in clinicopathologic and molecular genetic features, as well as a suppressive TIME. The presence of MMR deficiency and TMB-H may serve as predictive factors for the response to immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy in GBMs. The identification of LS-associated GBM can provide significant benefits to both patients and their family members, including accurate diagnosis, genetic counseling, and appropriate screening or surveillance protocols. Our study serves as a reminder to clinicians and pathologists to consider the possibility of concurrent genetic syndromes in individuals or families.
DC Characterization of Numerically Efficient and Stable Locally Active Device Models

In this work, we focus on two locally active device models and present, firstly, the simplification of a 3D modified Poole-Frenkel conduction based model on a mathematical basis, which leads to a compact and numerically efficient form of the conductance expression. Then, we present a transformation of the equations of a thermally induced phase transition based locally active device model such that the resulting set of equations is numerically stable and requires less simulation time. The new versions of both models share a similar form, though their state variables have different physical meanings. As an important aspect of their S-shaped DC I-V curves, we examine the DC characteristics of these equivalent models and derive analytical expressions for the peak and valley points in terms of the physically meaningful model parameters. Theoretical results are verified through numerical simulations while our findings may support device manufacturers to adopt a systematical approach to tailor the fundamental characteristics of locally active devices and help circuit designers to execute low cost and robust simulations of large scale systems utilizing them.
Simultaneous Generation of Optimum Pavement Clusters and Associated Performance Models

With regard to developing pavement performance models (PPMs), the existing state-of-the-art proposes Clusterwise Linear Regression (CLR) to determine the pavement clusters and associated PPMs simultaneously. However, the approach does not determine optimal clustering to minimize error; that is, the number of clusters and explanatory variables are prespecified to determine the corresponding coefficients of the PPMs. In addition, existing formulations do no address issues associated with overfitting as there is no limit to include parameters in the model. In order to address this limitation, this paper proposes a mathematical program within the CLR approach to determine simultaneously (1) an optimal number of clusters, (2) assignment of segments into clusters, and (3) regression coefficients for all prespecified explanatory variables required to minimize the estimation error. The Bayesian Information Criteria is proposed to limit the number of optimal clusters. A simulated annealing coupled with ordinary least squares was used to solve the mathematical program.
Addressing Limitations of p in Counseling Research through Reporting of Bayes Factor Bound and Effect Size Precision

Abstract Null hypothesis statistical testing (NHST) in its present form continues to be the predominant method of quantitative research. Bayesian methods, which emphasize the probability of a hypothesis given the data, may be growing in popularity due to the advent of statistical software employing these methods. Rather than discarding the present methods of NHST, the purpose of this article is to enhance understanding of NHST for counseling researchers and provide an augmentation to presenting results that address the known limitations of counseling research and other social science research. Such recommendations include summarizing previous recommendations of employing visuals to explain data, incorporating effect size confidence intervals, and utilizing the Bayes factor bound to supplement p-values and explain the probabilities related to acceptance or rejection of the null hypothesis.
Bidirectional fabric evolution in Hamelin Pool microbialites, Shark Bay, Western Australia

Hamelin Pool, Shark Bay, Western Australia hosts the world's largest and most extensive assemblages of living marine microbialites, comparable in size and shape to ancient structures found throughout the fossil record. Documented here are the internal fabrics of modern microbialites collected throughout Hamelin Pool. Mesoscale and microscale observations of microbialite polished slabs and thin section scans, optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy formed the basis for a fabric classification system that combines accretionary mat type with microfabric. Accretionary mat types included pustular, smooth, colloform, as well as ‘transitional’ mats that are a cross between pustular and smooth mats. Mapping of fabrics in 45 microbialite heads indicated bidirectional evolution. An upward progression of fabrics corresponded to changes in mat type as the head grew upward into shallower water. A downward evolution of microfabrics occurred as surface mats transitioned into the subsurface of the microbialite structure. Downward microfabric evolution occurred as a result of early taphonomic processes, and involved a progression from the original depositional architecture to subsequent stages of “Micritic Thickening”, and finally, “Cement Infilling”. The observed bidirectional evolution of microbialite microfabrics within Hamelin Pool offers a conceptual framework for the study of modern microbialites, not simply as the sole product of accretionary mat types but rather as the combined result of the activity of surface mats and their taphonomic evolution. Early taphonomic processes induce further lithification of the microbialites which may enhance preservation potential in the geological record.
Chinese EFL Learners' Perceptions of English Speaking Difficulties in Thailand

This study aimed to investigate (1) the factors affecting Chinese EFL learners' difficulties when speaking English, (2) the levels of English speaking difficulties experienced by Chinese EFL learners, and (3) how they perceive teachers' help to overcome such difficulties. Eighty-five non-English major Chinese postgraduate students at a Thai university participated in this study. This study used a mixed-methods design that included a questionnaire and a semi-structured interview. Percentage, mean, and standard deviation were used to analyze the data obtained from the questionnaire. Content analysis was used to look for themes that emerged from the data obtained from the semi-structured interview. The finding indicated that linguistic factors were the most influential for non-English major Chinese postgraduate students at a Thai university when speaking English. Moreover, this study also found that the overall mean score of 85 non-English major Chinese postgraduate students at a Thai university who participated in the survey was 3.66 out of 5 in English speaking difficulties, which indicated that the 85 participants generally experienced a high level of English speaking difficulties. Furthermore, the results revealed in the semi-structured interviews can be divided into five themes: teaching pronunciation, teaching vocabulary, offering more opportunities for English speaking, reducing criticism, and giving positive feedback.
Hepatoprotective effect of Vernonia amygdalina and Ocimum gratissimum on Wistar rats exposed to long-term administration of artemisinin-based combination therapies

In this study the protective effect of Vernonia amygdalina (VA) and Ocimum gratissimum (OG) on rats exposed to long term oral administration of artesunate-amodiaquine and arthemeter-lumefantrine were investigated. Forty-two albino rats were divided into seven groups. They were given the drugs, artesunate amodiaquine (AA) and artemether lumefantrine (AL) base on their body weight. Group 1: Control, received distilled water, group 2, received of 2.86 mg/7.7 mg AA, group 3, received of 1.14 mg/6.86 mg AL, group 4 received of 2.86 mg/7.7 mg AA + 200 mg VA, group 5 received of 1.14 mg/6.86 mg AL + 200 mg VA, group 6 received of 2.86 mg/7.7 mg AA + 200 mg OG and group 7 received of 1.14 mg/6.86 mg AL + 200 mg OG. The animals were sacrificed and blood samples obtained through cardiac puncture for biochemical investigations. Biochemical assay for total protein, albumin, total bilirubin, direct bilirubin, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), gamma glutamyltransferase (γ-GT) were done. Co-administration of artesunate-amodiaquine and arthemeter-lumefantrine significantly decreased (P< 0.05) total protein and albumin while there was significant increase (P< 0.05) in total bilirubin, direct bilirubin, AST, ALT, ALP and γ-GT when compared with control group. The administration of VA and OG significantly increased the total protein and albumin and significantly decreased (P< 0.05) total bilirubin and liver enzymes when compared with control group. The results indicate hepatic injury in the rats exposed to long term administration of artemisinin-based combination therapies (ACTs) which was reversed by the administration of VA and OG. There is need for caution while taking ACTs as malaria chemotherapy.
Intertwined -isms: an exploration of relationships between ageism and sexism in workplace and non-work contexts

This study aimed to examine the association of workplace-based ageism with (a) ageism in non-work contexts and (b) workplace-based sexism. Data came from an online survey of workers in South Korea, with a sample stratified by gender and age group (N = 600; mean age = 43.6 years, range 20–74). Workplace-based ageism was measured using the Workplace Intergenerational Climate Scale (WICS). Other measures included the Fraboni Ageism Scale (FAS) and the Workplace Sexism Culture Scale (WSCS). A series of logistic regression models for endorsing the most workplace ageism (i.e., scoring in WICS bottom quartile) were estimated. Results showed that with each unit increase in FAS scores, the probability of belonging to the WICS bottom quartile increased by 7% while controlling for sociodemographic characteristics [odds ratio (OR) = 1.07, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.04–1.10, p < 0.01]. Likewise, when WSCS scores increased by one unit, the probability of belonging to the WICS bottom quartile increased by 8% while controlling for sociodemographic characteristics (OR = 1.08, 95% CI = 1.04–1.12, p < 0.01). Findings suggest that ageism and sexism may be intertwined across workplace and non-work contexts.
Multicomponent fluid model for two-temperature plasmas derived from kinetic theory : application to magnetic reconnection

This contribution deals with the fluid modeling of multicomponent magnetized plasmas in thermo-chemical non-equilibrium from the partially- to fully-ionized collisional regimes, aiming at the predictive simulation of magnetic reconnection in Sun chromosphere conditions. Such fluid models are required for large-scale simulations by relying on high performance computing. The fluid model is derived from a kinetic theory approach, yielding a rigorous description of the dissipative and non-equilibrium effects and a well-identified mathematical structure. We start from a general system of equations that is obtained by means of a multiscale Chapman-Enskog method, based on a non-dimensional analysis accounting for the mass disparity between the electrons and heavy particles, including the influence of the electromagnetic field and transport properties. The latter are computed by using a spectral Galerkin method based on a converged Laguerre-Sonine polynomial approximation. Then, in the limit of small Debye length with respect to the characteristic scale in the Sun chromosphere, we derive a two-temperature single-momentum multicomponent diffusion model coupled to Maxwell’s equations, which is able to describe fully- and partially-ionized plasmas, beyond the multi-fluid model of Braginskii, valid for the whole range of the Sun chromosphere conditions. The second contribution is the development and verification of an accurate and robust numerical strategy that is based on CanoP, a massively parallel code with adaptive mesh refinement capability, which is able to cope with the full spectrum of scales of the magnetic reconnection process, without additional constraint on the time steps compared to single-fluid Magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) models. The final contribution is a study of the physics of magnetic reconnection in collaboration with the heliophysics team of NASA Ames Research Center. We show that the model and methods allow us to retrieve the results of usual single-fluid MHD models in the highly collisional case at equilibrium, while achieving a more detailed physics description relevant to such applications in the weakly collisional case, where non-equilibrium effects become important.
Global evaluation of terrestrial biogeochemistry in the Energy Exascale Earth System Model (E3SM) and the role of the phosphorus cycle in the historical terrestrial carbon balance

Abstract. The importance of carbon (C)–nutrient interactions to the prediction of future C uptake has long been recognized. The Energy Exascale Earth System Model (E3SM) land model (ELM) version 1 is one of the few land surface models that include both N and P cycling and limitation (ELMv1-CNP). Here we provide a global-scale evaluation of ELMv1-CNP using the International Land Model Benchmarking (ILAMB) system. We show that ELMv1-CNP produces realistic estimates of present-day carbon pools and fluxes. Compared to simulations with optimal P availability, simulations with ELMv1-CNP produce better performance, particularly for simulated biomass, leaf area index (LAI), and global net C balance. We also show ELMv1-CNP-simulated N and P cycling is in good agreement with data-driven estimates. We compared the ELMv1-CNP-simulated response to CO2 enrichment with meta-analysis of observations from similar manipulation experiments. We show that ELMv1-CNP is able to capture the field-observed responses for photosynthesis, growth, and LAI. We investigated the role of P limitation in the historical balance and show that global C sources and sinks are significantly affected by P limitation, as the historical CO2 fertilization effect was reduced by 20 % and C emission due to land use and land cover change was 11 % lower when P limitation was considered. Our simulations suggest that the introduction of P cycle dynamics and C–N–P coupling will likely have substantial consequences for projections of future C uptake.
Perceived Difficulty of Everyday Spatial Activities: Underlying Dimensions and Gender Differences

ABSTRACT The present work builds on prior development of the Everyday Spatial Behavioral Questionnaire (ESBQ), a measure of self-reported difficulty in performing familiar activities that involve spatial thinking. We used exploratory confirmatory modeling to identify nine first-order factors hypothesized to relate to theoretical constructs. We further identified three second-order factors distinguished by the intrinsic/extrinsic dimension of Newcombe and Shipley (2015). Gender effects on first-order factors clustered in two of our three proposed second-order groupings. Future validation of the ESBQ with spatial tests and behavioral measures is needed for determining its construct validity and potential use in diagnosis of spatial cognition disorders.
The Development of MIMO-OFDM Technology

Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) is a popular high-data-rate wireless transmission technique. Multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) design uses OFDM in conjunction with antenna arrays at the transmitter and receiver to boost diversity gain and improve system capacity on time-variant and frequency-selective channels and paves the way for building complex and efficient wireless communication network. This paper starts with a brief introduction to the principles of OFDM and goes further into illustrating how OFDM is combined with MIMO by demonstrating the implementations of MIMO-OFDM. This paper will then introduce MU MIMO and how it works under linear processing. However, MU MIMO is insufficient for building the next-generation wireless network because it is not scalable. Massive MIMO, the upgrade version of MU MIMO, is the promising technology this paper all focus on right now for its high energy and spectral efficiency as well as its reliability and scalability and will play an important role in building 5G.
The importance of stratospheric initial conditions for winter North Atlantic Oscillation predictability and implications for the signal‐to‐noise paradox

This study investigates the influence of atmospheric initial conditions on winter seasonal forecasts of the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO). Hindcast (or reforecast) experiments – which differ only in their initial conditions – are performed over the period 1960–2009, using prescribed sea surface temperature (SST) and sea‐ice boundary conditions. The first experiment (“ERA‐40/Int IC”) is initialized using the ERA‐40 and ERA‐Interim reanalysis datasets, which assimilate upper‐air, satellite and surface observations; the second experiment (“ERA‐20C IC”) is initialized using the ERA‐20C reanalysis dataset, which assimilates only surface observations. The ensemble mean NAO skill is largest in ERA‐40/Int IC (r = 0.54), which is initialized with the superior reanalysis data. Moreover, ERA‐20C IC did not exhibit significantly more NAO hindcast skill (r = 0.38) than in a third experiment, which was initialized with incorrect (shuffled) initial conditions. The ERA‐40/Interim and ERA‐20C initial conditions differ substantially in the tropical stratosphere, where the quasi‐biennial oscillation (QBO) of zonal winds is not present in ERA‐20C. The QBO hindcasts are highly skilful in ERA‐40/Int IC – albeit with a somewhat weaker equatorial zonal wind amplitude in the lower stratosphere – but are incorrect in ERA‐20C IC, indicating that the QBO is responsible for the additional NAO hindcast skill; this is despite the model exhibiting a relatively weak teleconnection between the QBO and NAO. The influence of the QBO is further demonstrated by regressing out the QBO influence from each of the hindcast experiments, after which the difference in NAO hindcast skill between the experiments is negligible. Whilst ERA‐40/Int IC demonstrates a more skilful NAO hindcast, it appears to have a relatively weak predictable signal; this is the so‐called “signal‐to‐noise paradox” identified in previous studies. Diagnostically amplifying the (weak) QBO–NAO teleconnection increases the ensemble‐mean NAO signal with negligible impact on the NAO hindcast skill, after which the signal‐to‐noise problem seemingly disappears.